bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translational Medicine: Exercise Physiology Applied to Metabolic Myopathies
Authors: GRASSI BRUNO , PORCELLI SIMONE , MARZORATI MAURO 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

The relevance of translational medicine (bringing basic science methods “to the bed of patients”) is universally recognized. Too often, however, the tools to be applied translationally are thought to derive only from the “-omics” (genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, etc.) world. The failures of this “reductionist” approach are widely recognized. In the review, we discuss studies demonstrating that scientifically sound mechanistic insights into diseases, relevant both in terms of basic science and clinically, and very well suited to be utilized within a translational medicine approach, can be obtained from the established field of exercise physiology. Methods originally aimed toward basic physiological mechanisms, and applied for the functional evaluation of athletes and sport performance, can have a valuable translational application in patients with metabolic myopathies; such as myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle disease) or mitochondrial myopathies, diseases which share the common denominator of an impaired skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism. Several variables can yield pathophysiological insights, can identify and quantify the metabolic impairment and the effects on exercise tolerance (one of the main determinants of the patients’ clinical picture and quality of life), and can offer diagnostic clues: the impaired capacity of O2 extraction by skeletal muscle, evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy; the “exaggerated” cardiovascular response to exercise; the slower speed of adjustment of oxidative metabolism during metabolic transitions; the “slow component” of pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics and the associated reduced efficiency and fatigue; the impaired intramuscular matching between O2 delivery and O2 utilization. The proposed methods are noninvasive, and therefore facilitate repeated or serial evaluations. They provide support for a simple message: physiology and physiological research remain the essential link between genes, molecules, and clinical care.
O apego desenvolvido na infância e o relacionamento conjugal e parental: Uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Becker Ana Paula Sesti , Crepaldi Maria Aparecida 
Published: June 2019

As relações afetivas na infância repercutem no estilo de apego do indivíduo no decorrer do seu ciclo vital. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o perfil de estudos nacionais e internacionais acerca da relação entre o apego dos membros do casal desenvolvido na infância e o relacionamento conjugal e parental. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura integrativa nas bases de dados PsycInfo, Scielo e CAPES, por meio de descritores preestabelecidos, em português, inglês e espanhol, entre 2013 a 2017. Foram selecionados 32 artigos completos indexados, os quais foram submetidos a análises metodológicas e semânticas, derivando-se três categorias temáticas. Identificou-se a predominância de estudos longitudinais e quantitativos, cujas publicações concentram-se, em grande parte, na América do Norte. Constatou-se também, que pessoas com características de apego inseguro apresentam maior tendência de desenvolver conflito conjugal e baixa qualidade do relacionamento amoroso. Não foi encontrada nenhuma pesquisa que integrasse em um único estudo, a relação estabelecida entre o apego dos membros do casal na infância e suas repercussões sobre os vínculos conjugal e parental. Verifica-se a lacuna de estudos que discutam a teoria do apego em uma perspectiva transgeracional e seus efeitos sobre a vida adulta.
Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Characterization of CoCrFeNiNb0.45 Eutectic High Entropy Alloy
Authors: Rahul M. R. , Samal Sumanta , Phanikumar Gandham 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In recent years, several multicomponent alloys of near equiatomic composition (also known as high-entropy alloys) with excellent mechanical properties have been developed. In this study, a eutectic high entropy alloy, CoCrFeNiNb0.45, was chosen for a hot deformation study. The alloy consists of a primary face-centered cubic (FCC) phase (CoCrFeNi rich) and a eutectic region between the FCC and Laves phase (Co2Nb type). The combination of FCC and eutectic region is expected to provide better strength and ductility. Hot compression tests were carried out at different strain rates of 0.001, 0.1, 1, and 10 s−1 with varying temperatures of 1,073, 1,173, 1,273, and 1,323 K. The optimum processing window was identified by plotting processing maps, and the instability region was verified using multiple parameters. Constitutive equation relating stress, strain rate, and temperature is established. The optimum processing condition was correlated with the microstructural characterization, and instability was characterized with cracks on the specimen. Finite element simulation was carried out, taking the flow curve as input and correlating the strain field distribution with the microhardness variation. These studies are intended to contribute to an integrated computational materials engineering approach to developing these alloys toward a product.
TECNOLOGIA E AMBIENTE: AS ESCOLHAS TÉCNICAS E SEUS EFEITOS “SOCIAIS”
Authors: Prates Camila Dellagnese 
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho está amparado nas incursões teóricas da Sociologia da Ciência e da Tecnologia e visa problematizar as transformações ambientais e os efeitos “sociais” que resultam da inserção de um artefato tecnocientífico em dada localidade. O empírico delimitado (os estudos altimétricos que delimitam a cota 100) faz parte de um universo mais amplo que compreende a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte (UHEBM) situada nas proximidades de Altamira, Pará. Neste trabalho, reforça-se o papel de atores externos (pesquisadores universitários e procuradores) à construção da usina enquanto agenciadores da controvérsia tecnocientífica que envolve o cálculo da cota 100, responsável por delimitar a quantidade de pessoas afetadas e indenizadas na cidade de Altamira. A hipótese norteadora do trabalho considera que os consultores responsáveis pelos “estudos oficiais” estipulam o cálculo da cota com um grau menor de certeza, ampliando a margem de riscos ambientais na região. Nesse sentido, busca-se explorar os argumentos e a rede de sustentação que defendem a cota 100, mobilizados pelo empreendedor, a Norte Energia, e também os contraargumentos, e a rede de sustentação agenciada pelo Ministério Público Federal (MPF). A controvérsia é considerada como pano de fundo para evidenciar o modo como os conhecimentos aplicados na usina são justificados e legitimados como modificadores do ambiente e problematiza as implicações da aceitação desse conhecimento. Este trabalho contribui para pensar sobre a atuação do MPF como um ator que formata uma controvérsia tecnocientífica, a mantém aberta e promove diferenciações na compreensão das modificações tecnocientíficas no ambiente. Teoricamente, este estudo está amparado nas provocações epistêmicas e metodológicas da Teoria do Ator-Rede (TAR) de Bruno Latour, Michel Callon e Annemarie Mol. A pesquisa empírica que sustenta a discussão foi realizada entre Março e Maio de 2014 em Altamira, Pará.Palavras-Chaves: Controvérsia; Tecnociência; Usina Hidrelétrica Belo Monte.
A Novel Gene Underlies Bleomycin-Response Variation inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Brady Shannon C , Zdraljevic Stefan , Bisaga Karol W , Tanny Robyn E , Cook Daniel E , Lee Daehan , Wang Ye , Andersen Erik C 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBleomycin is a powerful chemotherapeutic drug used to treat a variety of cancers. However, individual patients vary in their responses to bleomycin. The identification of genetic differences that underlie this response variation could improve treatment outcomes by tailoring bleomycin dosages to each patient. We used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to identify genetic determinants of bleomycin-response differences by performing linkage mapping on recombinants derived from a cross between the laboratory strain (N2) and a wild strain (CB4856). This approach identified a small genomic region on chromosome V that underlies bleomycin-response variation. Using near-isogenic lines, and strains with CRISPR-Cas9 mediated deletions and allele replacements, we discovered that a novel nematode-specific gene (scb-1) is required for bleomycin resistance. Although the mechanism by which this gene causes variation in bleomycin responses is unknown, we suggest that a rare variant present in the CB4856 strain might cause differences in the potential stress-response function of scb-1 between the N2 and CB4856 strains, thereby leading to differences in bleomycin resistance.
Probing the thermal collapse of PNIPAM grafts by quantitative in situ ellipsometry
Authors: Kooij E.S. , Sui X.F. , Hempenius M.A. , Zandvliet H.J.W. , Vancso G.J. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate the potential of spectroscopic ellipsometry for the investigation of the chain segment density profile and layer thickness during the temperature-induced, reversible collapse−expansion transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) grafted layers with variable grafting densities in aqueous systems. To obtain a quantitative description of the thickness of our swollen PNIPAM layers, various models were implemented to fit the ellipsometric data. From the ellipsometry results, the density and thickness variation accompanying the collapse transition across the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was characterized. The collapse can be adequately explained by considering the PNIPAM film to consist of two layers: (i) a dense layer near the surface and (ii) a more diluted layer with a gradient density profile on the side of the film exposed to the solvent.
Effect of Crystal Size on the Structural and Functional Properties of Water-Stable Monodisperse ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized Via a Polyol-Route
Authors: Collantes Yesusa , Perales-Perez Oscar 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT:Highly monodispersed ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized in polyol medium. The control on crystal size was attempted at 180°C by monitoring the heating rate of reacting solutions and the cooling rate (quenching) at the end of the reaction time. The possibility to promote crystal growth by heterogeneous nucleation was also evaluated; in this approach, pre-synthesized 5-nm pure ZnO nanocrystals were used as seeds in fresh Zn-polyol solutions at suitable seeds/ZnO w/w ratios. As-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Absorbance (UV-vis) and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). XRD measurements confirmed the formation of well crystallized ZnO-wurtzite with absence of secondary phases in both seeds and grown crystals. FT-IR analyses evidenced the presence of organic moieties on the surface of the nanoparticles that are associated to the functional groups of polyol by-products; these adsorbed species would have prevented particles from aggregation. PL measurements (excitation wavelength 345 nm) reveled that a tuning in the emission bands of ZnO NPs can be achieved through synthesis conditions and crystal size. HRTEM measurements evidenced the formation of bare ZnO NPs of 2 nm, 6 nm, 20 nm and clusters of small nanocrystals.
Needles and Haystacks: Influence of Catalytic Metal Nanoparticles on Structural and Vibrational Properties and Morphology of Silicon Nanowires Synthesized by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching
Authors: Dawood M. K. , Tripathy S. , Dolmanan S. B. , Ng T. H. , Hao T. , Lam J. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTMetal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) of silicon (Si) is a simple and low-cost process to fabricate Si nanostructures with varying aspect ratio and properties. In this work, we report on the structural and vibrational properties of Si nanostructures synthesized with varying metal catalyst. The morphology of the synthesized nanowires was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optical and vibrational properties of the Si nanostructures were studied by photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy using three different excitation sources (UV, visible and near-infrared) and are correlated to their microstructures. We propose that the excessive injection of holes into Si at the metal-Si interface and its diffusion to the nanowire surfaces facilitate the etching of Si on these surfaces, leading to a mesoporous network of Si nanocrystallites. When etched with catalytic Au nanoparticles, “hay-stacked” mesoporous Si nanowires were obtained. The straighter nanowires etched with Ag nanoparticles, consisted of a single crystalline core with a thin porous layer that decreased in thickness towards the base of the nanowire. This difference is due to the higher catalytic activity of Au compared to Ag for H2O2 decomposition. The SERRS observed during UV and visible Raman with Ag-etched Si nanowires and near-infrared Raman with Au-etched Si nanowires is due to the presence of the sunken metal nanoparticles. In addition, we explored the influence of varying H2O2 and HF concentration as well as the influence of increased etching temperature on the resultant nanostructured Si morphology. Such Si nanostructures may be useful for a wide range of applications such as photovoltaic and biological and chemical sensing.
Electron Localization, Tunneling and Energy Spectrum for Systems of Double Quantum Dots
Authors: Filikhin Igor , Matinyan Sergei , Vlahovic Branislav 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSemiconductor heterostructures as quantum dots demonstrate discrete atom-like energy level structure based on several hundred of electron confinement states. In the case of double QD (DQD) or double QR (DQR), there is a single electron spectrum composed of a set of quasi-doublets. We study these specific spectrum properties with their relation to the electron tunneling in DQD (DCQR) when the wave function of electron localized initially in one of the double quantum object is spread into whole system. The double InAs/GaAs quantum dots are considered within the effective approach. Tunneling in DQD is studied in connection with change of inter-dot distance and QD geometry. There are two types of such tunneling in DQD. The first is related to tunneling in the system of two identical QDs; the second one occurs in the system of non-identical QDs. The tunneling in the DQR is a tunneling in the system with non-identical quantum objects. The quasi-doublets of the DQD spectrum play an important role in the tunneling. We study effect of violation of symmetry of DQD geometry on the tunneling and show that the violation of symmetry makes difficulties for such tunneling.
Structural and Electrical Characterization of Shaped Beam Laser Recrystallized Polysilicon on Amorphous Substrates
Authors: Stultz T. J. , Gibbons J. F. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTStructural and electrical characterization of laser recrystallized LPCVD silicon films on amorphous substrates using a shaped cw laser beam have been performed. In comparing the results to data obtained using a circular beam, it was found that a significant increase in grain size can be achieved and that the surface morphology of the shaped beam recrystallized material was much smoother. It was also found that whereas circular beam recrystallized material has a random grain structure, shaped beam material is highly oriented with a <100> texture. Finally the electrical characteristics of the recrystallized film were very good when measured in directions parallel to the grain boundaries.
Structural Defects in a Partially-Filled Skutterudite
Authors: Harper Jennifer S. , Gronsky Ronald 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe partially filled skutterudite structure is a candidate thermoelectric material with the capacity for phonon scattering by the decoupled rattling of filling ions. In this transmission electron microscopy investigation of a 1.6%Ce, 1.6%Ni, 4.9%Ge, 22.8%Co, and 69.1%Sb alloy, the structure is found to be that expected of a partially-filled skutterudite, but with a varied assortment of structural defects. These defects are characterized and their effect on thermoelectric properties is discussed.
Optimization of Bismuth Nanowire Arrays by Electrochemical Deposition
Authors: Barkyoumb J. H. , Price J. L. , Guardala N. A. , Lindsey N. , Demske D. L. , Sharma J. , Kang H. H. , Salamanca-Riba L. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBismuth nanowires for thermoelectric applications have been made by electrochemical deposition from an aqueous Bi solution into nanoporous mica substrates, and Anopore (Al2O3) filters. The nanoporous substrates are created by acid etching damage tracks that are produced in the mica using heavy-ion irradiation. In this work, further improvements in the fabrication process are made by investigating the electrochemical growth at the 1-d to 2-d transition region at the nanochannel-substrate surface interface as a function of deposition time and electrochemistry. Issues related to doping of the Bi wires with Te along with the problem of electrochemical growth of contacts to the nanowires as compared to vacuum deposition of contacts will be discussed.
Crystal Growth of Ternary and Quaternary Alkali Metal Bismuth Chalcogenides Using Bridgman Technique
Authors: Kyratsi Theodora , Chung Duck-Young , Choi Kyoung-Shin , Dick Jeffrey S. , Chen Wei , Uher Ctirad , Kanatzidis Mercouri 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTOur exploratory research in new thermoelectric materials has identified the ternary and quaternary bismuth chalcogenides β-K2Bi8Se13, K2.5Bi8.5Se14 and K1+xPb4-2xBi7+xSe15, to have promising properties for thermoelectric applications. These materials have needlelike morphology so they are highly anisotropic in their electrical and thermal properties. In order to achieve long and well-oriented needles for which, consequently, the best thermoelectric performance is expected, we developed a modified Bridgman technique for their bulk crystal growth. The preliminary results of our crystal growth experiments as well as electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity for the compounds obtained from this technique are presented.
Avalanche Stratification - Experimental Tests of the “Metastable Wedge” and “Continuous Flow” Models
Authors: Swanson M. E. , Landreman M. , Michel J. , Kakalios J. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWhen an initially homogeneous binary mixture of granular media such as fine and coarse sand is poured near the closed edge of a “quasi-two-dimensional” Hele-Shaw cell consisting of two vertical transparent plates held a narrow distance apart, the mixture spontaneously forms alternating segregated layers. Experimental measurements of this stratification effect are reported in order to determine which model, one which suggests that segregation only occurs when the granular material contained within a metastable heap between the critical and maximum angle of repose avalanches down the free surface, or one for which the segregation results from smaller particles becoming trapped in the top surface and being removed from the moving layer during continuous flow. The result reported here indicate that the Metastable Wedge model provides a natural explanation for the initial mixed zone which precedes the formation of the layers, while the Continuous Flow model explains the observed upward moving kink of segregated material for higher granular flux rates, and that both mechansims are necessary in order to understand the observed pairing of segregated layersfor intermediate flow rates and cell separations.
Mixing and Segregation Processes in Turbula Blender
Authors: Sommier Nathalie , Porion Patrice , Evesque Pierre 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique was used to study the mixing and segregation processes of granular materials in a sophisticated tumbling blender (Turbula® mixer) using binary mixtures of sugar beads of different diameters d. Its motion generates mixtures with complex patterns. Effects of some parameters (beads diameter ratio, rotation speed, mixing time) were checked on segregation and mixing processes. We report in this paper, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of these phenomena. A segregation index S was defined to study the homogeneity and the kinetics of the mixing/segregation processes. When the ratio of bead diametersdmax/dmin is approximately 1, mixing process is observed but segregation occurs as soon asdmax/dmin is greater than 1.1.
Dem Application to Mixing and Segregation Model in Industrial Blending System
Authors: Yamane Kenji 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTTo predict the motion of powders and grains is important in pharmaceutical industries. Many pharmaceutical engineers have studied granular flows related to powder mixing. In this study, DEM (Discrete Element Method) approach is presented as an industrial application to investigate the behavior of granular flows. The granular motion in a rotating cylinder was focused on the basic study of DEM for industrial application. Rotating cylinder is a fundamental system for commercial blenders widely used in many industrial process. In addition, segregation of particles in a rotating cylinder is very interesting phenomena. Not only industrial engineers but also physicists research this segregation mechanism. DEM simulation showed radial segregation of two different size particles in a rotating cylinder. From the viewpoint of calculated granular temperature, radial segregation system was analyzed. Particle migration in axial direction, which is the source for axial segregation, was also shown by DEM simulation.
Effective Determination of Coexistence Curves using Reversible-Scaling Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Koning Maurice de , Antonelli Alex , Yip Sidney 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a simulation technique that allows the calculation of a phase coexistence curve from a single nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The approach is based on the simultaneous simulation of two coexisting phases, each in its own computational cell, and the integration of the relevant Clausius-Clapeyron equation starting from a known coexistence point. As an illustration of the effectiveness of our approach we apply the method to explore the melting curve in the Lennard-Jones phase diagram.
Mechanics Of Crack Bridging Under Dynamic Loads
Authors: Sridhar N. , Cox B.N. , Dunn C.L. , Beyerlein I.J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA bridging law for fiber reinforced composites under dynamic crack propagation conditions has been derived. Inertial effects in the mechanism of fibre pullout during dynamic propagation of a bridged crack are critically examined for the first time. By reposing simple shear lag models of pullout as problems of dynamic wave propagation, the effect of the frictional coupling between the fibres and the matrix is accounted for in a fairly straightforward way. The solutions yield the time-dependent relationship between the crack opening displacement and the bridging traction. Engineering criteria and the role of material and geometrical parameters for significant inertial effects are identified.