bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical industry payments to healthcare professional organisations in the United Kingdom: a seven-year cross-sectional analysis of the Disclosure UK database from 2015 to 2021
Authors: Murayama Anju , Fabbri Alice , Scholfield Hannah , Ozieranski Piotr 
Published: November 2024

Objectives This study aimed to examine the size and trends in payments from the pharmaceutical industry to healthcare professional organisations (HPOs) in the United Kingdom (UK), and to characterise the conflict of interest (COI) management plans by HPOs who received large payments. Design Cross-sectional analysis of non-research payments disclosed in the Disclosure UK database from 2015 to 2021. Setting United Kingdom. Participants 148 pharmaceutical companies disclosing payment data and HPOs receiving the largest payments. Main outcome measures Total value and median of payments per HPO; existence and content of COI policies among HPOs receiving the largest payments. Results A total of 898 HPOs received non-research payments worth £99.9 million (17.4% of non-research payments to all healthcare organisations). The median seven-year payment per HPO was £4509 (interquartile range: £943–£30,360). The annual payments nearly doubled from £9.3 million in 2015 to £17.6 million in 2021. Event payments constituted the largest share (£68.2 million, 68.2%). HPOs representing physicians received over 91.5% (£91.5 million) of all payments, while those related to endocrinology and diabetology – 16.3% (£16.3 million). Over 59.9% (£59.9 million) went to the 30 top-funded HPOs, of which only 17 (56.7%) had a publicly accessible COI policy. However, just 6 (35.3%) of these policies included provisions for payments from external organisations. Conclusions HPOs received nearly one-fifth of pharmaceutical company payments to the UK healthcare sector. These payments were concentrated among a small number of HPOs, which often lacked effective policies for management of COI and payments from the industry.
MR defecography: comparison of HMO system measurement between supine and lateral decubitus patient position
Authors: Nunthanawanich Auttapon , Sasiwimonphan Kewalee , Harisinghani Mukesh G. , Hantula Amaret , Chulroek Thitinan 
Published: November 2024

Background Pelvic floor dysfunction (PVD), a prevalent clinical issue impacting quality of life, can be effectively assessed using magnetic resonance defecography (MRD) with the patient either supine or in the lateral decubitus position. Purpose To compare the measurement value and grading in dynamic MRD within the closed-magnet system of PFD patients performed in supine versus lateral decubitus position using the H line, M line, and organ prolapse (HMO) classification system. Material and Methods During 2017–2019, 100 patients with PFD underwent MRD during defecation in both supine and lateral decubitus positions. MR images were measured and graded by two blinded radiologists. The mean value of each HMO parameter and grading severity were compared between supine and lateral positions. Image quality (IQ) between two positions was also evaluated. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon ranked test were performed for significant difference. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results For HMO measurement, M-line, levator plate angle (LPA), urethral hypermobility (UH), uterine prolapse, and peritoneocele had significantly higher mean values when measured in the lateral decubitus position than in the supine position. For grading, M-line, uterine prolapse, and peritoneocele also had more grading severity in the lateral decubitus than supine position with statistical significance ( P = 0.002, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively). Only anterior rectocele had a mean value and grading severity in the supine more than the lateral position ( P = 0.003 and P = 0.005). IQ in the supine was better than in the lateral decubitus position ( P < 0.001). Conclusion MRD in lateral decubitus showed a more severe degree of PFD in most parameters based on the HMO grading system irrespective of inferior imaging quality.
A combined model integrating radiomics and deep learning based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for classification of brain metastases
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhu Jinling , Xu Ruizhe , Zou Li , Lian Yixin , Xie Xin , Tian Ye 
Published: November 2024

Background Radiomics and deep learning (DL) can individually and efficiently identify the pathological type of brain metastases (BMs). Purpose To investigate the feasibility of utilizing multi-parametric MRI-based deep transfer learning radiomics (DTLR) for the classification of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and non-LUAD BMs. Material and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 342 patients with 1389 BMs. These instances were randomly assigned to a training set of 273 (1179 BMs) and a testing set of 69 (210 BMs) in an 8:2 ratio. Eight machine learning algorithms were employed to construct the radiomics models. A DL model was developed using four pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The DTLR model was formulated by integrating the optimal performing radiomics model and the DL model using a classification probability averaging approach. The area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were utilized to assess the performance and clinical utility of the models. Results The AUC for the optimal radiomics and DL model in the testing set were 0.824 (95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.726–0.923) and 0.775 (95% CI=0.666–0.884), respectively. The DTLR model demonstrated superior discriminatory power, achieving an AUC of 0.880 (95% CI=0.803–0.957). In addition, the DTLR model exhibited good consistency between actual and predicted probabilities based on the calibration curve and DCA analysis, indicating its significant clinical value. Conclusion Our study's DTLR model demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing LUAD from non-LUAD BMs. This method shows potential for the non-invasive identification of the histological subtype of BMs.
Can smartphone cameras help with diagnostic adequacy in renal biopsy?
Authors: Karagulle Mehmet , Gulcicek Sıbel Hamarat , Keskin Emin Taha 
Published: November 2024

Background In this prospective study, we evaluated whether a sufficient number of glomeruli were achieved using the 8× magnification of smartphone cameras. Purpose To increase the percutaneous ultrasound-guided renal biopsy (PURB) diagnostic value with a method that has not been tried before and reduce the need for repetition of the procedure. Material and Methods A total of 39 adult patients who underwent PURB were included in our study. After the PURB was applied to the patients, the biopsy specimen was placed on the previously prepared sterile gauze. At this stage, 8× magnification photos were taken of the biopsy samples using the smartphone camera. The glomeruli in the photograph were counted and recorded and compared with the number of glomeruli seen at the end of the histopathological examination. Results The mean number of glomeruli in the evaluated samples was counted as 6 ± 2.2 (range = 1–10) in the 8× magnification photograph. The mean number of glomeruli detected in the histopathological examination of these samples was 11 ± 5.7 (range = 2–30). A pathological glomeruli count of 10 was associated with more than five brown spots in the 8× magnification photograph (area under the curve = 0.977, P=0.0001). Conclusion To obtain more than 10 glomeruli in a PURB specimen, five or more brownish-red dots should be counted on the 8x magnification photograph. Using smartphones as an alternative tool for evaluating renal biopsy tissue adequacy can be practical and advantageous in terms of time and labor.
Interrogating the Antiobesity Efficacy of Flacourtia inermis Roxb. Fruits in High Fat Diet-induced Obese Rats
Authors: Thelappilly Bency Baby , Murali R , Suriyaprakash TNK , Venkatachalam VV , Anbiah S. Vigil , N Srinivasan , PT Suhail 
Published: November 2024

Background Flacourtia inermis Roxb. (Salicaceae) is an underutilized edible fruit known for its antioxidant-rich bioactive compounds. This study explores the antiobesity potential of F. inermis ethanolic fruit extract (FF2) in a high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity model using Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 6). Group 1 served as the normal control and received a normal diet (ND), while Groups II–V were induced with obesity by being fed an HFD for 10 weeks. Group II acted as the obese control, receiving 100% HFD throughout the study. Groups III, IV, and V also received HFD throughout the study but were supplemented with Orlistat (30 mg/kg b.w), and FF2 extract at doses of 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, from week 11 until week 15. Treatment impact of FF2 on body weight, body mass index (BMI), serum lipid levels, glucose levels, liver function parameters, and histopathological evaluations of liver and adipose tissue were investigated. Results The study unveiled that F. inermis fruits exerted potent antiobesity effects, with FF2 treatment (at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) substantially decreasing body weight gain and BMI in comparison to the HFD group. Supplementation of FF2 alongside an HFD reduced body weight gain, glucose levels, and serum lipid profile. Both doses of FF2 counteracted the adverse effects induced by HFD, with lower triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels, and higher HDL cholesterol levels in the treated groups compared to the positive control. Additionally, FF2 extract showed dose-dependent improvements in serum lipid and glucose levels, as well as, hepatic profile, indicated by decreased AST, ALP, and ALT levels, suggesting potential benefits in managing dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and liver health associated with obesity. Histological examination of white adipose tissue provided further evidence of the antiobesity effect. Conclusion The study highlights FF2’s therapeutic potential in managing obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Further investigations into FF2’s mechanisms and clinical application are essential for its development as an antiobesity therapeutic agent in functional food formulations.
Fluid simulation analysis of ECMO hollow-fiber membrane fabrics from knitting technology
Authors: Xi Lifeng , Jiang Gaoming , Jia Wei , Zhang Qi , Liu Haisang , Xia Fenglin , Ma Pibo 
Published: November 2024

The study proposes a fluid simulation and analysis of oxygenated membrane fabrics for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) by applying knitting technology from the field of textile technology. This is aimed at addressing the lack of research on the impact of the oxygenator flow field before and after knitting of oxygenated membrane fabrics. For this investigation, a commercial oxygenator was selected, featuring a polymethylpentene (PMP) hollow fiber membrane as the oxygenator membrane material, along with a knitted yarn made of a 50D/24F polyester low-elasticity filament. The knitting organization utilized warp knitting technology with a pillar stitch/weft lining structure. Through the integration of theoretical geometric modeling and finite element analysis method of flow-solid coupling, the study examined the influence of knitting on the oxygenator before and after the knitting of the PMP membrane material. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology represents a sophisticated equipment within the domain of in vitro medical treatment. The research findings indicated that the total pressure drop in the oxygenator’s flow field was 472.6 Pa for the unknitted PMP membrane and 269.4 Pa for the knitted oxygenator fabric, signifying a near 40% reduction in pressure with the knitted PMP membrane. This reduction in pressure also led to a 50% decrease in turbulence within the flow field. The maximum displacement of the knitted PMP membrane within the flow field was measured at 0.16 mm, whereas the unknitted membrane displayed a maximum displacement of 0.37 mm. The knitted PMP membrane significantly enhanced the pressure and velocity uniformity of the oxygenator’s flow field, resulting in decreased stress-strain effects and improved service life of the oxygenator. In conclusion, the study illustrates that knitting the PMP membrane can substantially improve the flow field distribution of ECMO oxygenators, leading to enhanced oxygenation efficiency and membrane durability.
Comparison of functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with or without end stage renal disease on hemodialysis: a propensity-score matched study
Authors: Tsutsumi Kotaro , Nguyen Matthew , Nguyen Victoria , Zhu Zhu , Shafie Mohammad , Shah Jay , Nagamine Masaki , Stradling Dana , Dench Diana , Yu Wengui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
End stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis (HD) increases mortality among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of ICH patients with ESRD on HD versus propensity-score matched controls.

Methods
This is a single center retrospective study. Consecutive ICH admissions at the University of California, Irvine Medical Center from January 1, 2018 to July 31, 2022 were analyzed.

Results
Among 347 ICH admissions that met inclusion criteria, 24 patients (6.92%) had ESRD on HD. Compared to patients without ESRD, patients with ESRD on HD had significantly higher rate of diabetes mellitus (79.2% vs. 36.8%, p < 0.01) and in-hospital mortality (25% vs. 7.43%, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in demographics, other comorbidities, clinical characteristics, good (mRS score 0–3) or poor (mRS score 4–5) functional outcomes, rate of comfort care and the time to comfort care decision between the 2 groups. After propensity score matching, the ESRD group had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate (27.3% vs. 8%, p = 0.012) and a lower rate of obesity (9.1% vs. 34.1%, p = 0.02). Among patients who died during admission, ESRD on HD status did not inadvertently influence end-of-life care decisions. Univariate logistic regression and area under curve analysis showed that ICH score ≥ 3 was a predictor of increased mortality in both ESRD and non-ESRD groups.

Conclusions
ICH patients with ESRD on HD had significantly higher in-hospital mortality and lower rate of obesity than propensity score matched controls, suggesting a survival benefit from obesity. ICH score ≥ 3 is an independent predictor for poor outcomes in both ESRD and non-ESRD groups.
A modeling study on SARS-CoV-2 transmissions in primary and middle schools in Illinois
Authors: Huang Conghui , Smith Rebecca Lee 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus led to a statewide lockdown in Illinois starting in March 2020. To ensure students’ and employees’ safety for school reopening, protective measures, such as a statewide mask mandate and weekly testing, were in place in Illinois from Spring 2021 to Spring 2022. The study objective is to 1) estimate the in-school and external transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in elementary and middle schools under mask mandate and weekly surveillance and 2) estimate the impacts of protective measures such as testing and mask proportion and testing frequency on SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Methods
A stochastic compartmental model was built to simulate the SARS-CoV-2 transmission within and between the student and employee groups in primary and middle schools participating in the weekly testing program and to evaluate the effectiveness of these protective measures. This stochastic model was modified from a susceptible–infected–recovered framework and calibrated to SARS-CoV-2 surveillance data in 116 primary and middle school districts from Spring 2021 to March 2022. This model calibration was assessed using the surveillance data from the rest of the spring semester in 2022.

Results
Overall, the external transmission rates in students and employees were significantly greater than those within schools, and the external transmission rates in middle school students and school employees were greater than those in primary school students. Our sensitivity analysis showed that transmission rates within student groups could significantly influence overall infection rates in vaccinated and unvaccinated students in large school districts. Under the protective measures implemented in the studied period in Illinois, an increased proportion of students and employees participating in the weekly testing can decrease infections. However, community-level measures of self-reported mask adherence among adults were not significantly associated with the infections during the study period, when a universal mask policy was in place for the state.

Conclusions
Although increased testing proportion and/or frequency can reduce the SARS-CoV-2 infections, the costs of testing can increase with the testing volume. Further studies on the cost-effectiveness between the testing volume and cases reduction or learning disturbance can aid in policy development to reduce transmission effectively.
Integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer care: a multinational mixed method study
Authors: Stene Guro Birgitte , Hauken May Aasebø , Ahmedzai Hilde Hjelmeland , Storvestre Constance Gaard , Vervik Skjalg Eirik , Bayly Joanne , Caraceni Augusto Tommaso , Costi Stefania , Economos Guillaume , Guldin Mai-Britt , Laird Barry J. A. , Nottelmann Lise , Maddocks Matthew , Prevost Andrew Toby , Romeyer Julia , Oldervoll Line Merethe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Incurable cancer is a major contributor to societal suffering and disability, and palliative rehabilitation is recommended to be integrated within and between cancer services at all healthcare levels. However, little knowledge exists on how integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer is understood and achieved in clinical practice. INSPIRE (Integrated short-term palliative rehabilitation to improve quality of life and equitable care access in incurable cancer) is a large European-funded project that aims to promote quality of life through a novel rehabilitation model for people disabled by advanced cancer.

Aim
To compare the existing integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer within official documents and in clinical practice across five European countries including United Kingdom, France, Denmark, Norway, and Italy.

Methods
Mixed methods study with a concurrent research design, comprising a document analysis (N = 23), stakeholder interviews (N = 22), and an online survey (N = 225). Data from each sub-study were analysed separately before results were merged.

Results
There was limited integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer in official documents and in clinical practice, though some indicators of integration, including participation in multidisciplinary teams and adherence to standardised pathways, were identified in the survey. Notably, integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer in clinical practice was observed within limited organisations in secondary healthcare systems, without widespread adoption. Although palliative rehabilitation in cancer as a concept was sparingly used by stakeholders, they recognised the need for a comprehensive approach including multidisciplinary teams that aligns with the individual patient’s needs and goals. Moreover, the ambiguous distinction between the terms ‘palliative rehabilitation’ and ‘palliative care’, insufficient funding, lack of well-defined care pathways and competence gaps among healthcare professionals represented barriers to integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer into clinical practice.

Conclusion
Integration of palliative rehabilitation in cancer was limited in the five EU partnership countries investigated. Clarifying the concept of palliative rehabilitation, including adoption of the concept into official documents and delineating it from palliative care, is essential for more successful integration. This can possibly be achieved by addressing the barriers identified and fostering close collaboration across disciplines.
Gain of bipolar disorder-related lncRNA AP1AR-DT in mice induces depressive and anxiety-like behaviors by reducing Negr1-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission
Authors: Li Shufen , Ni Hongyu , Wang Yaping , Wu Xiaohui , Bi Jianqiang , Ou Haiyan , Li Zhongwei , Ping Junjiao , Wang Zhongju , Chen Renhao , Yang Qiong , Jiang Meijun , Cao Liping , Jiang Tingyun , Ren Siqiang , Zhao Cunyou 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Bipolar disorder is a complex polygenic disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania, the heterogeneity of which is likely complicated by epigenetic modifications that remain to be elucidated.

Methods
We performed transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood RNA from monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for bipolar disorder to identify disease-associated differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DE-lncRNAs), which were further validated in the PsychENCODE brain RNA-seq dataset. We then performed behavioral tests, electrophysiological assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and PCR to investigate the function of DE-lncRNAs in the mouse and cell models. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 9.0 or SPSS.

Results
We identified a bipolar disorder-associated upregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), AP1AR-DT. We observed that overexpression of AP1AR-DT in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) resulted in a reduction of both the total spine density and the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) frequency of mPFC neurons as well as depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. A combination of the results of brain transcriptome analysis of AP1AR-DT overexpressing mice brains with the known genes associated with bipolar disorder revealed that NEGR1, which encodes neuronal growth regulator 1, is one of the AP1AR-DT targets and is reduced in vivo upon gain of AP1AR-DT in mice. We further demonstrated that overexpression of recombinant Negr1 in the mPFC neurons of AP1AR-DTOE mice ameliorates depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and normalizes the reduced excitatory synaptic transmission induced by the gain of AP1AR-DT. We finally identified that AP1AR-DT reduces NEGR1 expression by competing for the transcriptional activator NRF1 in the overlapping binding site of the NEGR1 promoter region.

Conclusions
The epigenetic and pathophysiological mechanism linking AP1AR-DT to the modulation of depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and excitatory synaptic function provides etiological implications for bipolar disorder.