bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AntiMalarial Mode of Action (AMMA) Database: Data Selection, Verification and Chemical Space Analysis
Authors: Sidorov Pavel , Davioud‐Charvet Elisabeth , Marcou Gilles , Horvath Dragos , Varnek Alexandre 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the effort of collecting and curating a data set of 15461 molecules tested against the malaria parasite, with robust activity and mode of action annotations. The set is compiled from in‐house experimental data and the public ChEMBL database subsets. We illustrate the usefulness of the dataset by building QSAR models for antimalarial activity and QSPR models for modes of actions, as well as by the analysis of the chemical space with the Generative Topographic Mapping method. The GTM models perform well in prediction of both activity and mode of actions, on par with the classical SVM methods. The visualization of obtained maps helps to understand the distribution of molecules corresponding to different modes of action: molecules with similar targets are located close to each other on the map. Therefore, this analysis may suggest new modes of action for non‐annotated or even annotated compounds. In perspective, this can be used as a tool for prediction of both antimalarial activity and target for novel, untested compounds.
Effects of a high‐protein intake on metabolic targets for weight loss in children with obesity: a randomized trial
Authors: Veldhorst M. A. B. , Verbruggen S. C. A. T. , van Harskamp D. , Vermes A. , Schierbeek H. , van Goudoever J. B. , van den Akker E. L. T. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of this research is to study effects of a 4‐week high‐protein (HP) diet on energy intake, resting energy expenditure (REE), protein turnover and body composition in children with obesity.MethodsIn this randomized placebo‐controlled single‐blind crossover study, children with obesity (n = 14; mean age: 10.1 years ± 1.2 standard deviation; body mass index–standard deviation score [BMI‐SDS]: 2.8 ± 0.5) received an ad libitum HP (+50 g protein per day) or normal‐protein (NP) diet for 4 weeks with a washout period of ≥2 weeks. Energy intake, REE, protein turnover, weight, BMI‐SDS and body composition were measured.ResultsNo differences were found in energy intake or REE between HP and NP. There was an increased urea production and phenylalanine hydroxylation after HP compared with NP (p < 0.05). There was an increased rise in fat‐free mass after HP compared with NP (∆HP: 0.8 ± 0.8 kg vs. ∆NP: 0.1 ± 0.6 kg, p < 0.05). BMI and BMI‐SDS increased during the study (BMI‐SDS start: 2.8 ± 0.5, end: 2.9 ± 0.5, p < 0.05) without a difference between groups.ConclusionsA 4‐week HP diet with ad libitum food intake did not affect energy intake and energy expenditure in children with obesity. BMI increased, although that could be partly explained by an increase in fat‐free mass.
Management of severe chronic pain with methadone in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: LeBlanc Zachary , Vance Chris , Payne Jason , Zhang Jie , Hilliard Lee , Lebensburger Jeffrey D. , Howard Thomas H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVasocclusive pain crises are common among pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Some patients with repeated pain crises develop chronic pain. We performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with SCD with chronic pain treated with methadone. We identified a significant reduction in pain hospitalizations following methadone treatment (0.35 ± 0.19 vs. 0.19 ± 0.17 hospitalizations/month, P = 0.016). In addition, we did not observe overt organ toxicity nor symptoms of opioid withdrawal during methadone wean. We suggest that methadone is safe and has some clinical benefit, which should be proven in prospective randomized trials for pediatric patients with SCD and chronic pain.
Enhancing accrual to clinical trials of adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Fern Lorna A. , Taylor Rachel M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderrepresentation of young people in cancer research is an international phenomenon and may contribute to poorer outcomes. We sought to identify systematically tested interventions and strategies to improve recruitment. The review identified 13 papers. The following four themes emerged: trial availability/regulatory factors; service configuration/place‐of‐care factors; recruitment methods and developmental factors specific to young people. We could not identify any studies that had employed prospective interventions to improve recruitment. Without available research studies in which to garner data on adolescents and young adults, we will always be constrained in our ability to provide evidence based care with resultant limitations on our ability to improve outcomes.
Single‐agent bevacizumab in the treatment of recurrent or refractory pediatric low‐grade glioma: A single institutional experience
Authors: Gorsi Hamza S. , Khanna Paritosh C. , Tumblin Mark , Yeh‐Nayre Lanipua , Milburn Mehrzad , Elster Jennifer D. , Crawford John R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionBevacizumab‐based therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of refractory or recurrent pediatric low‐grade glioma (LGG); however its efficacy as a single agent is less understood.MethodsWe report our experience with single‐agent bevacizumab for the treatment of recurrent or refractory LGG treated with either standard 2 week dosing (10 mg/kg/dose every 2 weeks) or with a standard 2 week dosing followed by an increased interval dosing (10 mg/kg/dose every 4 weeks).ResultsFrom 2012 to 2017, 15 patients (five males and 10 females) with recurrent/refractory LGG (nine suprasellar, three thalamic, two brainstem, and one intramedullary spinal cord) were treated with a total of 156 doses of bevacizumab (115 every 2 week dosing, 41 every 4 week dosing, median 10 doses). Patients were refractory to a median of one nonsurgical therapy (range 0–3) prior to treatment with bevacizumab. Twelve of 15 demonstrated radiographic response (three complete, nine partial, and three stable disease). Significant clinical responses including improved visual fields (four), cranial neuropathy (three3), strength (seven), and gait (two) were observed. Bevacizumab was discontinued in 12 patients (resolution, one; disease stability, seven; progression, two; toxicity, one; and other, one) and three patients continue to receive monthly bevacizumab. Eleven patients eventually had radiographic progression (median 5 months, range 0.5–31) without clinical progression, and four of five receiving bevacizumab rechallenge had lpartial response.ConclusionSingle‐agent bevacizumab is efficacious in the management of recurrent or refractory pediatric LGG with radiographic and clinical responses similar to those reported for bevacizumab‐based therapies.
The Brighton musculoskeletal Patient‐Reported Outcome Measure (BmPROM): An assessment of validity, reliability, and responsiveness
Authors: Bryant Elizabeth , Murtagh Shemane , Finucane Laura , McCrum Carol , Mercer Christopher , Smith Toby , Canby Guy , Rowe David A. , Moore Ann P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn response for the need of a freely available, stand‐alone, validated outcome measure for use within musculoskeletal (MSK) physiotherapy practice, sensitive enough to measure clinical effectiveness, we developed an MSK patient reported outcome measure.ObjectivesThis study examined the validity and reliability of the newly developed Brighton musculoskeletal Patient‐Reported Outcome Measure (BmPROM) within physiotherapy outpatient settings.MethodsTwo hundred twenty‐four patients attending physiotherapy outpatient departments in South East England with an MSK condition participated in this study. The BmPROM was assessed for user friendliness (rated feedback, N = 224), reliability (internal consistency and test–retest reliability, n = 42), validity (internal and external construct validity, N = 224), and responsiveness (internal, n = 25).ResultsExploratory factor analysis indicated that a two‐factor model provides a good fit to the data. Factors were representative of “Functionality” and “Wellbeing”. Correlations observed between the BmPROM and SF‐36 domains provided evidence of convergent validity. Reliability results indicated that both subscales were internally consistent with alphas above the acceptable limits for both “Functionality” (α = .85, 95% CI [.81, .88]) and ‘Wellbeing’ (α = .80, 95% CI [.75, .84]). Test–retest analyses (n = 42) demonstrated a high degree of reliability between “Functionality” (ICC = .84; 95% CI [.72, .91]) and “Wellbeing” scores (ICC = .84; 95% CI [.72, .91]). Further examination of test–retest reliability through the Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated that the difference between “Functionality” and “Wellbeing” test scores did not vary as a function of absolute test score. Large treatment effect sizes were found for both subscales (Functionality d = 1.10; Wellbeing 1.03).ConclusionThe BmPROM is a reliable and valid outcome measure for use in evaluating physiotherapy treatment of MSK conditions.
A time‐course investigation of resistance to the carboxylic acid amide mandipropamid in field populations of Plasmopara viticola treated with anti‐resistance strategies
Authors: Toffolatti Silvia L , Russo Giuseppe , Campia Paola , Bianco Piero A , Borsa Paolo , Coatti Mauro , Torriani Stefano FF , Sierotzki Helge 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite anti‐resistance strategies being recommended to reduce selection pressure on insensitive strains, no information is available on fungal population dynamics following their application in real field conditions. In this study, the effects on Plasmopara viticola populations of two identical spray programs, differing only in including or not the carboxylic acid amide (CAA) mandipropamid in mixture and in alternation with an anti‐resistance partner, were compared in terms of downy mildew control efficacy and mandipropamid sensitivity in two commercial vineyards for four seasons.RESULTSBoth programs effectively and similarly protected grapevine from downy mildew, despite different starting sensitivity levels of the P. viticola populations. In the vineyard where resistant strains were initially present, the frequency of mutations associated with resistance (G1105S/V) fluctuated within seasons in both programs and a shift towards sensitivity occurred after 3 years of the mandipropamid‐free program. Where sensitivity was initially present, no changes occurred in the mandipropamid‐free program and resistant strains were selected in the mandipropamid program in high disease pressure conditions.CONCLUSIONThe anti‐resistance strategy including mandipropamid in mixture showed a good field performance, but did not completely prevent an increase in the frequency of insensitive strains. This supports the need for appropriate planning to determine which mixtures should be used in the field. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
On the protection of fixed service receivers from the interference generated by non‐GSO satellite systems operating in the 3.7‐4.2  GHz band
Authors: Nobre Isabela Cunha Maia , Fortes Jose Mauro 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn this work, the current power‐flux density limits in Article 21 of the ITU‐R Radio Regulations for non‐geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) systems operating in the 3.7‐4.2 GHz band are analyzed. These limits aim the protection of fixed service receivers, operating in the same frequency band, from the interference produced by non‐GSO satellite systems. The analysis was motivated by Resolution 157 of the World Radiocommunication Conference 2015, that recognized the need for a revision of Article 21 with a view to enabling non‐GSO systems to operate in these fixed‐satellite service frequency bands while ensuring that existing primary services are protected. In the analysis, 5 different circular Walker Delta type satellite constellation structures, adequately chosen, are considered, and the results show that the current power‐flux density (pfd) limits may impose undue constraints to non‐GSO systems operating in this band. Therefore, a methodology to investigate a more adequate pfd limiting mask is presented and used to generate an alternative mask. An evaluation of the proposed pfd mask shows that it does not impose unnecessary constraints to the non‐GSO satellite systems. This, along with other facts, indicates that the proposed pfd limits are, indeed, much more adequate than the current ones.
MOF‐Derived Metal Oxide Composites for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Li Yan , Xu Yuxia , Yang Wenping , Shen Wanxin , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the past two decades, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a type of porous material, have aroused great interest as precursors or templates for the derivation of metal oxides and composites for the next generation of electrochemical energy storage applications owing to their high specific surface areas, controllable structures, and adjustable pore sizes. The electrode materials, which affect the performance in practical applications, are pivotal components of batteries and supercapacitors. Metal oxide composites derived from metal–organic frameworks possessing high reversible capacity and superior rate and cycle performance are excellent electrode materials. In this Review, potential applications for MOF‐derived metal oxide composites for lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, lithium–oxygen batteries, and supercapacitors are studied and summarized. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for future research on MOF‐derived metal oxide composites are proposed on the basis of academic knowledge from the reported literature as well as from experimental experience.
Strategies toward High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Wang Kai‐Xue , Zhu Qian‐Cheng , Chen Jie‐Sheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRechargeable aprotic lithium (Li)–O2 batteries with high theoretical energy densities are regarded as promising next‐generation energy storage devices and have attracted considerable interest recently. However, these batteries still suffer from many critical issues, such as low capacity, poor cycle life, and low round‐trip efficiency, rendering the practical application of these batteries rather sluggish. Cathode catalysts with high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and evolution reaction activities are of particular importance for addressing these issues and consequently promoting the application of Li–O2 batteries. Thus, the rational design and preparation of the catalysts with high ORR activity, good electronic conductivity, and decent chemical/electrochemical stability are still challenging. In this Review, the strategies are outlined including the rational selection of catalytic species, the introduction of a 3D porous structure, the formation of functional composites, and the heteroatom doping which succeeded in the design of high‐performance cathode catalysts for stable Li–O2 batteries. Perspectives on enhancing the overall electrochemical performance of Li–O2 batteries based on the optimization of the properties and reliability of each part of the battery are also made. This Review sheds some new light on the design of highly active cathode catalysts and the development of high‐performance lithium–O2 batteries.
Controlled Propulsion of Two‐Dimensional Microswimmers in a Precessing Magnetic Field
Authors: Tottori Soichiro , Nelson Bradley J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMagnetically actuated micro‐/nanoswimmers can potentially be used in noninvasive biomedical applications, such as targeted drug delivery and micromanipulation. Herein, two‐dimensional (2D) rigid ferromagnetic microstructures are shown to be capable of propelling themselves in three dimensions at low Reynolds numbers in a precessing field. Importantly, the above propulsion relies neither on soft structure deformation nor on the geometrical chirality of swimmers, but is rather driven by the dynamic chirality generated by field precession, which allows an almost unconstrained choice of materials and fabrication methods. Therefore, the swimming performance is systematically investigated as a function of precession angle and geometric design. One disadvantage of the described propulsion method is that the fabricated 2D swimmers are achiral, which means that the forward/backward swimming direction cannot be controlled. However, it has been found that asymmetric 2D swimmers always propel themselves toward their longer arm, which implies that dynamic chirality can be constrained to be either right‐handed or left‐handed by permanent magnetization. Thus, the simplicity of fabrication and possibility of dynamic chirality control make the developed method ideal for applications and fundamental studies that require a large number of swimmers.
Shaking table test and numerical simulation on a vertical hybrid structure under seismic excitation
Authors: Lu Zheng , Li Junzuo , Zhou Ying 
Published: May 2018

SummaryA shaking table test of a 12‐story steel/reinforced concrete (S/RC) frame, which is composed of a 4‐story steel frame in the higher part, a 1‐story S/RC frame as a transition story in the middle part, and a 7‐story reinforced concrete (RC) frame in the lower part of the model, has been conducted, and its results are compared with those of a standard 12‐story RC frame to evaluate seismic performance of this S/RC frame. The numerical simulation on such hybrid frame structure has been performed and validated by the above experimental results. It is found that irregular lateral‐stiffness distribution along structural height will not only increase rotation at the joint of boundary between transition story and steel frame or concrete frame but also enlarge rotation at such joint and lead to more obvious rigid deformation in steel frame of S/RC frame, which will undoubtedly intensify bending failure. Meanwhile, acceleration response of the upper steel frame will reach its peak when characteristic site period is near the counterpart of the upper steel frame. Further, the maximum interstory drift under frequent earthquake excitation is at the lower substructure, namely, the RC frame, but this is not the case in rare earthquake situation. When it comes to determining damping ratio for vertical hybrid structure, a general method for engineering, which takes concrete and steel damping ratio for the whole structure analysis and then gets envelopes of these results for design, may yield conservative results. Meanwhile, such method may underestimate responses near the transition story.
Effect of a relatively long afternoon nap on autonomous nervous activity, sleep architecture, and subjective sleep quality
Authors: Jiang Fang , Kobayashi Takemi , Ichihashi Takurou , Nomura Shusaku 
Published: May 2018

Post‐lunch sleepiness and deterioration in performance, or ‘post‐lunch dip’, is considered a part of the biological rhythm. A short nap is a promising countermeasure to the post‐lunch dip. Compared to the extensive studies on the effects of a short nap, there is limited research on the physiological impact of a relatively long nap such as 60 min or more in the afternoon. Forty‐three male university students with normal sleep–wake cycles were assigned to two groups: group 1 slept for 6 h from 0:00 to 6:00, and group 2 napped for 2 h from 13:15 to 15:15. There was no prominent difference in the subjective quality of sleep between the groups. This was supported by the lack of any significant difference in sleep efficiency and latency between the groups. Additionally, the heart rate after the afternoon nap was significantly higher than the baseline level before nap (overshoot), whereas the heart rate in the morning was the same as recorded the night before. The relatively long afternoon nap may be comparable with a night's sleep in terms of sleep quality, whereas it may enhance greater autonomic arousal after awakening than that in the morning. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fetal blood‐gas values during fetoscopic myelomeningocele repair performed under carbon dioxide insufflation
Authors: Baschat A. A. , Ahn E. S. , Murphy J. , Miller J. L. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTFetoscopic myelomeningocele (MMC) repair is performed using intrauterine carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation. Sheep experiments have shown that CO2 insufflation is associated with significant fetal acidemia; however, corresponding data for human pregnancy are not available. We performed umbilical venous cord blood sampling in three patients during fetoscopic MMC repair at 25 + 1, 25 + 3 and 24 + 0 weeks' gestation, respectively. Fetal venous pH at the beginning of CO2 insufflation was 7.36, 7.46 and 7.37, respectively in the three fetuses, and repeat values were 7.28, 7.35 and 7.36 after 181, 159 and 149 min, respectively. The partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 was maintained in the normal range during these times, and pH decrease was less in Patient 3 who received humidified CO2 insufflation. Our observations suggest that, in contrast to sheep experiments, CO2 insufflation during fetoscopic myelomeningocele repair does not cause acidemia in human fetuses. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
δ‐Open set clustering—A new topological clustering method
Authors: Wang Shuliang , Li Qi , Yuan Hanning , Li Deren , Geng Jing , Zhao Chuanfeng , Lei Yimeng , Liu Chuanlu , Liu Chengfei 
Published: May 2018

Clustering is an unsupervised learning method widely used for identifying the inherent data structure and applied to various fields such as data mining, patter recognition, machine learning, and others. A new topological clustering method called δ‐open set clustering is proposed in this study. The key idea of this method is to determine δ‐open sets in data, for which each δ‐open set represents one specific category of data. It is shown that this method has robust performance even for complex data set. It can classify the complex type of data sets coming with diverse shapes, recognize noise and deal with data set of high dimensionality. This method is effective even when the distribution of data is unbalanced. In the clustering process, one requires a single input parameter, namely the value of δ. A face identification experiment on the Olivetti Face Database indicates that this method performs much more reliably than the peak clustering method. We also provide another improved δ‐open set clustering that makes δ‐open set clustering capable of handling clusters with extreme density difference.This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
Patients’ Views of Treatment‐Focused Genetic Testing (TFGT): Some Lessons for the Mainstreaming of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Testing
Authors: Wright Sarah , Porteous Mary , Stirling Diane , Lawton Julia , Young Oliver , Gourley Charlie , Hallowell Nina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper explores patients’ views and experiences of undergoing treatment‐focused BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing (TFGT), either offered following triaging to clinical genetics (breast cancer) or as part of a mainstreamed care pathway in oncology (ovarian cancer). Drawing on 26 in‐depth interviews with patients with breast or ovarian cancer who had undergone TFGT, this retrospective study examines patients’ views of genetic testing at this point in their care pathway, focusing on issues, such as initial response to the offer of testing, motivations for undergoing testing, and views on care pathways. Patients were amenable to the incorporation of TFGT at an early stage in their cancer care irrespective of (any) prior anticipation of having a genetic test or family history. While patients were glad to have been offered TFGT as part of their care, some questioned the logic of the test's timing in relation to their cancer treatment. Crucially, patients appeared unable to disentangle the treatment role of TFGT from its preventative function for self and other family members, suggesting that some may undergo TFGT to obtain information for others rather than for self.