bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using plant functional distances to select species for restoration of mining sites
Authors: Navarro‐Cano Jose Antonio , Goberna Marta , Verdú Miguel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Plant facilitation, an ecological interaction that benefits at least one species without harming the other, is increasingly used as a restoration tool. To restore degraded habitats under a facilitation framework, practitioners must correctly select both the benefactor (nurse) and the beneficiary (facilitated) species.

Based on community assembly and species coexistence theory, we propose selecting plant species that largely differ in a suite of functional traits so that competition is minimized and facilitation maximized due to functional complementarity. To apply this guideline in a pilot restoration experiment performed in metalliferous mine tailings in South‐Eastern Spain, we first built the plant–plant facilitative interaction network naturally occurring in a set of 12 tailings. After characterizing each species with 20 morphological and physiological traits, we verified that facilitative interactions were predominantly established between functionally distant species.

Then, we designed a sowing experiment combining 50 nurse‐facilitated species pairs separated by a wide range of functional distances. The success of seedling establishment significantly increased with the functional distance between the nurse and the facilitated plant species.

Synthesis and applications. We encourage the use of ecological facilitation together with trait‐based species selection to design restoration programmes based on the principle of increasing functional distance between target species. This method may not only promote the restoration of the plant cover but also impact paramount ecosystem functions, thus being an efficient low‐cost restoration practice in abiotically stressful ecosystems.
Analysis of Dental Case Reports in the Context of Court Decisions: Causal Nexus and Aspects of Fault
Authors: Loreto Denise Bolten Lucion , de Barros Beatriz Álvares Cabral , Rosa Gabriela Cauduro da , de Oliveira Rogerio Nogueira , Rosing Cassiano Kuchenbecker , Fernandes Mário Marques 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe purpose of expert reports is to support the judge in his decisions, by providing technical information. However, it remains uncertain as to what extent the content of these reports is used, and if they are effectively associated with judicial decisions. The aim of this study was to perform a qualitative analysis of case reports in relation to the judicial decisions rendered in association with these reports, by determining the connection between causal nexus and aspects of fault. The case reports included lawsuits against dentists, issued by the Medical Justice Department of the State Court of Appeals of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between 2010 and 2013. Comparing the percentage of agreement between case report and judicial decision, causal nexus was 79.9% and fault was 86.7%. The high percentages of agreement found in relation to fault and causal nexus highlight the relevance of expert reports in weighing the judge's decision.
Forensic Inspection of Sensitive User Data and Artifacts from Smartwatch Wearable Devices
Authors: Odom Nicole R. , Lindmar Jesse M. , Hirt John , Brunty Josh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWearable devices allow users the ability to leave mobile phones behind while remaining connected to the digital world; however, this creates challenges in the examination, acquisition, identification, and analysis of probative data. This preliminary research aims to provide an enhanced understanding of where sensitive user data and forensic artifacts are stored on smartwatch wearable devices, both through utilization as a connected and standalone device. It also provides a methodology for the forensically sound acquisition of data from a standalone smartwatch wearable device. The results identify significant amounts of data on the Samsung™ Gear S3 Frontier, greater than that stored on the companion mobile phone. An Apple Watch® Series 3 manual examination method which produces native screenshots was identified; however, the companion mobile phone was found to store the greatest amount of data. As a result of this research, a data extraction tool for the Samsung™ Gear S3 Frontier was created.
Chronic stress in superb fairy‐wrens occupying remnant woodlands: Are noisy miners to blame?
Authors: Bain Glen C. , Johnson Chris N. , Jones Menna E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInteractions between competing species may be intensified when they are restricted to small patches of remnant habitat, potentially increasing physiological stress in individuals. The effects of interspecific competition on stress in wildlife remain largely unexplored. In Australia, remnant woodlands are often dominated by aggressive honeyeaters, especially the noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala). Harassment of smaller birds by miners may result in their exclusion from suitable woodland habitat. We tested whether the presence of noisy miners is also associated with elevated stress in a model species of small passerine bird, the superb fairy‐wren (Malurus cyaneus). We sampled wrens from six sites, three remnant woodlands with noisy miners and three larger fragments of reserved habitat without noisy miners. Differential white blood cell counts were used to infer levels of chronic stress. We also assessed variation in body condition and the prevalence of blood parasites (Haemoproteusspp.) to test for associations between stress and parasitemia. The mean heterophil‐to‐lymphocyte (H:L) ratio was 1.8 × higher among superb fairy‐wrens living in miner‐dominated woodlands, suggesting higher levels of chronic stress. Individuals with higher stress appeared to be in poorer condition, as indicated by fat scores and residual body mass. Prevalence of blood parasites was generally high and was highest in reserved habitat (59%) where miners were absent. Birds with blood parasites living in these habitats had higher H:L ratios but the intensity of infection and H:L ratio was inversely related. Our results suggest that birds persisting in the presence of noisy miners might experience chronic stress, but further study is necessary to separate the relative importance of noisy miner aggression from other potential stressors in small patches of degraded woodland. Stress induced by interspecific aggression should be considered in future studies of wildlife living in remnant vegetation.
Perceived neuropsychological impairment inversely related to self‐reported health and employment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: D'hooghe M. B. , De Cock A. , Benedict R. H. B. , Gielen J. , Van Remoortel A. , Eelen P. , Van Merhaegen A. , De Keyser J. , D'Haeseleer M. , Peeters E. , Nagels G. 
Published: June 2019

Background and purposeMultiple sclerosis (MS) patients frequently report cognitive difficulties which impact daily functioning. The objective was to investigate the relationship between patient‐reported cognitive impairment and depression, demographic and MS‐related variables, and to clarify its impact on self‐reported health measures and employment.MethodA large two‐centre survey included the MS Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ), the two‐question screening tool for depression, vitality, health‐related quality of life, the Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Profile II and questions assessing social network satisfaction and employment status.ResultsOf the 751 respondents (median age 54 years, median Expanded Disability Status Scale 5, 66.2% female), two‐thirds reported perceived neuropsychological impairment or depressive symptoms. Whilst depressive symptoms were related to higher MSNQ scores, the MSNQ poorly predicted depression. After correcting for confounders, higher MSNQ scores and depressive symptoms decreased vitality, health‐related quality of life and health‐promoting behaviours and increased the probability of being socially dissatisfied. In participants below retirement age, higher MSNQ and Expanded Disability Status Scale scores increased the probability of unemployment, whilst depression did not.ConclusionThe contribution of the MSNQ to self‐reported health measures and its unique explanatory power regarding unemployment suggest that subjective cognitive complaints are connected to subtle, yet meaningful, neuropsychological dysfunction.
Towards an ultimate explanation for mixed‐species shoaling
Authors: Paijmans Kai C. , Booth David J. , Wong Marian Y. L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe formation of social groups has important impacts on fitness for many animal species, with differences in group compositions resulting in a range of fitness outcomes for individuals. Recent interest in mixed‐species grouping, which extends from a large body of literature invested in understanding single‐species grouping, highlights novel complexities of group formation which relate to phenotypic, behavioural and physiological differences that naturally exist between species. Among fishes, mixed‐species shoaling is a common form of social grouping behaviour displayed across a range of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Research explaining mixed‐species shoaling shows some overlap with explanations for single‐species shoaling; however, it also demonstrates that distinct differences between species give rise to unique cost‐benefit trade‐offs which need to be incorporated into conceptual models of mixed‐species shoaling behaviour. Unique predation related trade‐offs may arise from inefficiency of the confusion effect, variation in vigilance between species and unequal species‐preferences shown by predators, whilst unique foraging‐related trade‐offs may arise from diet partitioning, variations in foraging behaviour and differences in competitive abilities between species. We review the literature on fitness outcomes associated with mixed‐species shoaling and present a new theoretical framework to explain the cost‐benefit trade‐offs for individuals within mixed‐species shoals. The framework incorporates both trade‐offs arising from differences between species and those arising from group size, the former having been largely ignored due to a focus on single‐species shoaling. Our framework is designed to inform future research striving to explain mixed‐species shoaling behaviour.
Juego y suerte: el jaripeo como espectáculo social y su profesionalización en el suroeste de Puebla, México
Authors: Vázquez Zúñiga Iliana 
Published: June 2019

ResumenEste artículo analiza el jaripeo considerando dos aspectos interrelacionados. El primero se refiere al proceso de profesionalización, en el cual se han incorporado instrumentos en la monta que han mejorado la calidad del espectáculo, pero incrementado el riesgo del jinete. Argumento que este mecanismo de violencia y la posibilidad de la muerte del jinete hacen más atractivo el espectáculo. El segundo se refiere al jaripeo como espectáculo social que contiene y genera estereotipos raciales y de clase, para lo cual se realiza una comparación con la charrería y se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre la cultura ranchera relacionada con estos espectáculos. Este estudio se sustenta en los datos recabados mediante entrevistas y trabajo de campo en tres municipios del suroeste de Puebla, México (Piaxtla, Axutla y Tulcingo). En esta región, los jaripeos se han profesionalizado con mayor fuerza desde los años noventa como una actividad ligada a la ganadería. [Charrería, desigualdades de clase y raza, ganadería de reparo, México, profesionalización del jaripeo]
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with worse clinical‐radiological risk scores of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Toledo‐Pons Nuria , Alonso‐Fernández Alberto , de la Peña Mónica , Pierola Javier , Barceló Antonia , Fernández‐Capitán Carmen , Lorenzo Alicia , Mejía Núñez Juan Andrés , Carrera Miguel , Soriano Joan B. , Calvo Néstor , Pinilla Inmaculada , García‐Río Francisco 
Published: June 2019

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism, although its association with pulmonary embolism severity is unknown. Our objective was to study if obstructive sleep apnea is associated with worse pulmonary embolism severity scores and greater extent of arterial obstruction. In consecutive pulmonary embolism patients, we performed respiratory polygraphy and recorded sleep characteristics, classical risk factors for pulmonary embolism and physical activity 6–12 months after the pulmonary embolism episode. Simplified Geneva Prognostic Score and Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index were calculated at the time of the pulmonary embolism diagnosis. The Pulmonary Artery Obstruction Index and the right ventricle to left ventricle diameter ratio were measured by computed tomography pulmonary angiography. We included 120 patients, of whom 45.8% had moderate‐severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index > 15 hr−1). There was a larger proportion of moderate‐severe obstructive sleep apnea patients in the third and fourth Pulmonary Artery Obstruction Index quartiles and in the III‐V Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index levels compared with apnea–hypopnea index < 15 hr−1 group. However, no differences were found between the proportion of patients with or without moderate‐severe obstructive sleep apnea in their stratification by simplified Geneva Prognostic Score. The mean adjusted values of the simplified Geneva Prognostic Score, Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index and Pulmonary Artery Obstruction Index scores were higher in the apnea–hypopnea index > 15 hr−1 group (p < .05). Multiple linear regression analysis identified apnea–hypopnea index as the only independent factor related to Pulmonary Artery Obstruction Index and Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index, whereas desaturation index was associated with simplified Geneva Prognostic Score. Patients with pulmonary embolism and moderate‐severe obstructive sleep apnea had greater pulmonary artery obstruction as well as more pulmonary embolism severity, assessed by both the simplified Geneva Prognostic Score and the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index, compared with patients with apnea–hypopnea index ≤ 15 hr−1. Moreover, these prognostic indices were independently related to sleep parameters.
Psychometric properties and cultural adaptation of sleep disturbance measures in Arabic‐speaking populations: A systematic review
Authors: Al Maqbali Mohammed , Dunwoody Lynn , Rankin Jane , Hacker Eileen , Hughes Ciara , Gracey Jackie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this review was to evaluate the psychometric properties and cross‐cultural adaptation of sleep disturbance scales that have been translated into Arabic or originally developed in Arabic, and to identify appropriate scales that can be used in research and clinical practice intended for Arabic‐speaking participants. The following databases were searched: CINAHL (2003–2019), MEDLINE (1946–2019), EMBASE (1980–2019), PsycINFO (1806–2019) and Cochrane Library (1806–2019). This review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Terwee et al. (J. Clin. Epidemiol., 60, 2007, 34) quality assessment was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the studies, and cross‐cultural adaptation was assessed using criteria from Guillemin, Bombardier, and Beaton (J. Clin. Epidemiol., 46, 1993, 1417). Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, which included four scales: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Arabic Scale of Insomnia. Cross‐cultural adaptations scored between good and poor; psychometric properties information was missing for most scales. The review suggested that Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index may be a useful scale to measure sleep disturbance, as the scale showed good cultural adaptation and acceptable psychometric properties in an Arabic population. Furthermore, the scales measure seven different aspects of sleep quality. This review provides options to help researchers and clinicians select the most appropriate instrument for their practice. Further psychometric testing and cultural adaptation is required for sleep scales used in Arabic clinical populations to ensure validity and reliability in outcome measurement for research studies.
Microsleep as a marker of sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Morrone Elisa , D'Artavilla Lupo Nadia , Trentin Rossella , Pizza Fabio , Risi Irene , Arcovio Simona , Fanfulla Francesco 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWe hypothesized that: (a) the presence of microsleep (MS) during a Maintenance Wakefulness Test (MWT) trial may represent a reliable marker of sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients; (b) the number of MSs will be higher in sleepy versus non‐sleepy patients with a borderline MWT mean sleep latency; and (c) scoring MS during MWT analysis may help physicians to recognize patients with a higher degree of sleepiness. We analysed the MWT data of 112 treatment‐naïve OSA patients: 20 with short sleep latency (SL, sleep latency <12.8 min), 43 with borderline latency (BL, sleep latency between 12.8 and 32.6 min) and 49 with normal latency (NL, sleep latency >32.6 min). Microsleep was identified in all SL, in 42 BL and in 18 NL patients, with a median latency of 5.6 min. Accordingly, patients were classified into two subgroups: group A (n = 43) with microsleep latency <5.6 min and group B (n = 69) with microsleep latency >5.6 min when present. The mean sleep latency in the MWT was 14.5 ± 7.5 min in group A and 34.6 ± 7.4 min in group B (p < 0.0001). The number of microsleep episodes during each MWT trial was higher in group A than in group B. Sleep latency survival curves demonstrated different patterns of sleep latency in these groups (log‐rank test <0.0001). This finding was confirmed in a Cox proportional hazard analysis: the presence of a mean MS latency <5.6 min is associated with an increasing risk of falling asleep during the MWT (RR, 1.93; 95 CI 1.04–3.6; p = 0.03). We conclude that the detection of microsleep may help in discriminating OSA patients with and without daytime vigilance impairment.
Labor Laws and Shadow Economies: A Cross‐National Assessment
Authors: Blanton Robert G. , Peksen Dursun 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveToward better understanding the political economy of illicit economy, we examine the impact that labor laws have on illicit economic activity. Specifically, we posit that labor regulations are one of the key prospective benefits associated with formal work, and thus incentivize firms and individuals to participate in the formal, rather than illicit, sector. We further argue that the possible negative effect of labor laws on shadow economies is conditioned by countries’ institutional strength.MethodsTo test our hypotheses, we analyze time‐series, cross‐national data for over 100 countries from 1984 to 2012.FindingsResults suggest that labor regulations are negatively related to shadow economic activity and the suggested impact of labor laws is particularly germane to countries with stronger institutional capacity.ConclusionOur argument and findings challenge the notion that regulations, particularly labor‐related regulations, induce more illicit economic exchanges.
Cellulose nanocrystal modified with 3‐chloro propyl trimethoxysilane: a new bio‐adsorbent for nitrate removal from water
Authors: Manhooei Leila , Mehdinejadiani Behrouz , Amininasab Seyed Mojtaba 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this work, preparation, characterization and nitrate removal ability of a chemically modified cellulose nanocrystal (CPTMS/CNC) were investigated for the first time. The FTIR, FESEM, EDX and TG analyses confirmed the successful modification of the cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) by 3‐chloro propyl trimethoxysilane (CPTMS) and the thermal stability of CPTMS/CNC. The optimum removal efficiency (86.5%) occurred at initial pH of 7 and room temperature (~25°C) with an initial nitrate concentration of 20 mg/L, contact time of 10 min and CPTMS/CNC dosage of 3 g/L. The nitrate adsorption dropped noticeably in the presence of sulphate, followed by bicarbonate, chloride and phosphate, respectively. The kinetic adsorption data were fitted well with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the adsorption process involved two stages. The equilibrium adsorption data obeyed the Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic analysis suggested a spontaneous and exothermic adsorption process with a decrease in random collisions at the solid–solution interface.
Assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to pertussis vaccination: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Akinola Funbi , Muloiwa Rudzani , Hussey Gregory, D , Dirix Violette , Kagina Benjamin , Amponsah-Dacosta Edina 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionGlobally, some studies show a resurgence of pertussis. The risks and benefits of using whole-cell pertussis (wP) or acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in the control of the disease have been widely debated. Better control of pertussis will require improved understanding of the immune response to pertussis vaccines. Improved understanding and assessment of the immunity induced by pertussis vaccines is thus imperative. Several studies have documented different immunological outcomes to pertussis vaccination from an array of assays. We propose to conduct a systematic review of the different immunological assays and outcomes used in the assessment of the humoraland cell-mediated immune response following pertussis vaccination.Methods and analysisThe primary outcomes for consideration are quality and quantity of immune responses (humoral and cell-mediated) post-pertussis vaccination. Of interest as secondary outcomes are types of immunoassays used in assessing immune responses post-pertussis vaccination, types of biological samples used in assessing immune responses post-pertussis vaccination, as well as the types of antigens used to stimulate these samples during post-pertussis vaccination immune response assessments. Different electronic databases (including PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO Host, Scopus and Web of Science) will be accessed for peer-reviewed published and grey literature evaluating immune responses to pertussis vaccines between 1990 and 2019. The quality of included articles will be assessed using standardised risk and quality assessment tools specific to the study design used in each article. Data extraction will be done using a data extraction form. The extracted data will be analysed using STATA V.14.0 and RevMan V.5.3 software. A subgroup analysis will be conducted based on the study population, type of vaccine (wP or aP) and type of immune response (cell-mediated or humoral). Guidelines for reporting systematic reviews in the revised 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement will be used in this study.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this study as it is a systematic review. We will only make use of data already available in the public space. Findings will be reported via publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings and workshops.Trial registration numberCRD42018102455.