bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine and 2% lidocaine for extraction and pulpotomy of mandibular primary molars: an equivalence parallel prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alzahrani Fatma , Duggal Monty S. , Munyombwe Theresa , Tahmassebi Jinous F. 
Published: March 2018

AimTo compare the anaesthetic efficacy for pain and behaviour during treatment with mandibular infiltration using 4% articaine (BI) with inferior dental nerve clock (IDNB) using 2% lidocaine for extraction or pulp therapy in mandibular primary molars.DesignThis was equivalence parallel prospective RCT. A total of 98 children aged 5–9 years old were randomly assigned into two groups: BI supplemented by buccal intrapapillary infiltration with 4% articaine; IDNB with 2% lidocaine supplemented with long buccal infiltration. Behaviour during the injection and treatment procedures was assessed using Wong‐Baker Facial Rating Scale (W‐BFRS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale (FBRS).ResultsDuring the injection phase, the absolute differences in success rates between the two techniques were 0.06 (95% CI: −0.11 to 0.23) for VAS and −0.08 (95% CI: −0.19 to 0.03) for the behaviour of the child (FBRS). FBRS results showed the equivalence of the two, whereas the VAS results showed nonequivalence with the 95% confidence intervals slightly exceeding the equivalence margin (±0.20). W‐BFRS success rates were 63.3% for both. During the treatment, VAS results showed similar success rates, demonstrating equivalence between the two as did the results for FBRS.ConclusionThe results suggested equivalence in success rates for both anaesthetic techniques during treatment.
Carry Trade Returns with Support Vector Machines
Authors: Colombo Emilio , Forte Gianfranco , Rossignoli Roberto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel approach to directional forecasts for carry trade strategies based on support vector machines (SVMs), a learning algorithm that delivers extremely promising results. Building on recent findings in the literature on carry trade, we condition the SVM on indicators of uncertainty and risk. We show that this provides a dramatic performance improvement in strategy, particularly during periods of financial distress such as the recent financial crises. Disentangling the measures of risk, we show that conditioning the SVM on measures of liquidity risk rather than on market volatility yields the best performance.
The safety and efficacy of quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine in Japanese children aged 2‐18 years: Results of two phase 3 studies
Authors: Mallory Raburn M. , Yu Jing , Kameo Sachiko , Tanaka Michio , Rito Ki , Itoh Yohji , Dubovsky Filip 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundQuadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (Q/LAIV) has not been assessed in Japanese children.ObjectivesEvaluate safety and efficacy of Q/LAIV in Japanese children.Patients/methodsTwo phase 3 studies were conducted in the 2014‐2015 influenza season. Study 1 was an open‐label, uncontrolled single arm, multicenter study of Q/LAIV safety in subjects aged 2‐6 years. Study 2 was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled multicenter study of Q/LAIV safety and efficacy; subjects aged 7‐18 years were randomized 2:1 to receive Q/LAIV or placebo. Primary efficacy endpoint was laboratory‐confirmed symptomatic influenza infection caused by vaccine‐matched strains; secondary endpoint evaluated efficacy against all strains regardless of match. Both studies reported solicited symptoms, adverse events (AEs), and serious AEs.ResultsIn Study 1, 100 subjects received Q/LAIV. In Study 2, 1301 subjects received Q/LAIV (n = 868) or placebo (n = 433). Treatment‐emergent AEs occurred in 42% of subjects in Study 1, and in 24.3% of subjects in the Q/LAIV arm and in 25.9% of subjects in the placebo arm in Study 2. In Study 2, a single infection by a vaccine‐matched strain was reported in the placebo arm, resulting in a vaccine efficacy estimate of 100% (95% CI: −1875.3, 100.0); efficacy for all strains regardless of match to the vaccine was 27.5% (95% CI: 7.4, 43.0).ConclusionsQuadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine did not meet its primary efficacy endpoint as only a single infection by a vaccine‐matched strain was detected; however, efficacy for the secondary endpoint, all strains regardless of match, was achieved. Q/LAIV was generally well tolerated in the Japanese pediatric population.
Dynamics of influenza in tropical Africa: Temperature, humidity, and co‐circulating (sub)types
Authors: Yang Wan , Cummings Matthew J. , Bakamutumaho Barnabas , Kayiwa John , Owor Nicholas , Namagambo Barbara , Byaruhanga Timothy , Lutwama Julius J. , O'Donnell Max R. , Shaman Jeffrey 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe association of influenza with meteorological variables in tropical climates remains controversial. Here, we investigate the impact of weather conditions on influenza in the tropics and factors that may contribute to this uncertainty.MethodsWe computed the monthly viral positive rate for each of the 3 circulating influenza (sub)types (ie, A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B) among patients presenting with influenza‐like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in 2 Ugandan cities (Entebbe and Kampala). Using this measure as a proxy for influenza activity, we applied regression models to examine the impact of temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, and precipitation, as well as interactions among the 3 influenza viruses on the epidemic dynamics of each influenza (sub)type. A full analysis including all 4 weather variables was done for Entebbe during 2007‐2015, and a partial analysis including only temperature and precipitation was done for both cities during 2008‐2014.ResultsFor Entebbe, the associations with weather variables differed by influenza (sub)type; with adjustment for viral interactions, the models showed that precipitation and temperature were negatively correlated with A/H1N1 activity, but not for A/H3N2 or B. A mutually negative association between A/H3N2 and B activity was identified in both Entebbe and Kampala.ConclusionOur findings suggest that key interactions exist among influenza (sub)types at the population level in the tropics and that such interactions can modify the association of influenza activity with weather variables. Studies of the relationship between influenza and weather conditions should therefore determine and account for co‐circulating influenza (sub)types.
Innovation at work: The relative advantage of using consumer IT in the workplace
Authors: Junglas Iris , Goel Lakshmi , Ives Blake , Harris Jeanne 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEmployees' personal devices are increasingly evident in the workplace; the use of non‐enterprise sanctioned hardware and software is now commonplace. This phenomenon, frequently referred to as IT consumerization, is gaining momentum. Employees increasingly are using their own devices and choosing their own software (eg, Google Apps, Skype or Dropbox) in addition to—or instead of—enterprise IT. Employees are turning from consumers of enterprise IT to IT deciders, bypassing the IS department to use what critics call “rogue IT.” While discouraged in some contexts, the influx of consumer IT into the workplace has been suggested to influence innovative behaviours among employees. Although the phenomenon is very prevalent, research lags in the operationalization of an IT consumerization model. In this paper, we take a close look at the antecedents and consequences of consumerization behaviours. We examine to what extent an individual's level of satisfaction with enterprise IT in juxtaposition with the level of perceived relative advantage of consumer IT over enterprise IT influences an individual's usage of consumer IT in the workplace; we also examine how organizational mandates and IT empowerment influences IT consumerization behaviours. Finally, we investigate the influence of IT consumerization on innovative behaviours at work.
Combining penalty‐based and Gauss–Seidel methods for solving stochastic mixed‐integer problems
Authors: Oliveira F. , Christiansen J. , Dandurand B. , Eberhard A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel decomposition approach (named PBGS) for stochastic mixed‐integer programming (SMIP) problems, which is inspired by the combination of penalty‐based Lagrangian and block Gauss–Seidel methods. The PBGS method is developed such that the inherent decomposable structure that SMIP problems present can be exploited in a computationally efficient manner. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the progressive hedging (PH) method, which also can be viewed as a Lagrangian‐based method for obtaining solutions for SMIP problems. Numerical experiments performed using instances from the literature illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of computational performance and solution quality.
A recombination‐based matheuristic for mixed integer programming problems with binary variables
Authors: Maravilha André L. , Carrano Eduardo G. , Campelo Felipe 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis work introduces a heuristic for mixed integer programming (MIP) problems with binary variables, based on information obtained from differences between feasible solutions as well as solutions from the linear relaxation. This information is used to build a neighborhood that is explored as a sub‐MIP problem. The proposed heuristic is evaluated using 45 problems from the MIPLIB repository. Its performance, in terms of solution improvement over the results obtained after exploring 50,000 nodes of the branch‐and‐bound tree, is compared against that of Solution Polishing, which is another recombination‐based heuristic for MIP problems used within the CPLEX solver; as well as against the solution obtained by running the default CPLEX branch‐and‐cut (B&C) method under a same time limit. The computational results indicate that the proposed method is able to yield results that are significantly better than those obtained by the default CPLEX B&C approach and comparable to those of Solution Polishing in terms of the mean solution quality. This equivalence of expected solution quality, coupled with a simpler implementation, suggests the use of the proposed approach as a possible alternative for improving the quality of solutions in MIP problems.
Algorithms for a two‐machine flowshop problem with jobs of two classes
Authors: Jeong BongJoo , Kim Yeong‐Dae , Shim Sang‐Oh 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe consider a problem of scheduling jobs of two classes of urgencies in a two‐machine flowshop with the objective of minimizing total tardiness of one class for urgent jobs and the maximum completion time of the other class for non‐urgent jobs. Urgent jobs are an important consideration in the real manufacturing systems, but it has not been studied due to the difficulty of the problem. In this research, a branch‐and‐bound (B&B) algorithm is proposed through developing lower bounds, dominance properties, and heuristic algorithms for obtaining an initial feasible solution. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms, computational experiments on randomly generated instances are performed. Results of the experiments show that the suggested B&B algorithm can solve problems with up to 20 jobs in a reasonable amount of CPU time.
First‐principles investigation of the thermodynamic stability of MB2 materials surfaces (M = Ti/Zr/Hf)
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , Sanvito Stefano 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSome of the renewed interest in transition metal diborides (MB2, M = Ti/Zr/Hf) arises from their potential use as matrices in ultrahigh‐temperature ceramic matrix composites (UHTCMCs). Crucial to the understanding of such composites is the study of the fiber/matrix interfaces, which in turn requires a deep knowledge of the surface structures and the thermodynamics of the matrix material. Here we investigate the surface stability of MB2 compounds by first‐principles calculations. Five surfaces are stabilized when going from a M‐rich to a B‐rich environment, respectively (0001)M, (100)M, (101)B(M), (113)M and (0001)B, with the highly stable (100)M, (101)B(M) and (113)M surfaces being discussed here for the first time. The mechanism behind the surface stability is analyzed in terms of cleavage energy, surface strain and surface bonding states. Our results provide important information for a better understanding of the most likely surfaces exposed to the fibers in UHTCMCs, thereby for the construction of reliable interfaces and ultimately UHTCMCs models.
Early death and causes of death of people with Down syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: O'Leary Lisa , Hughes‐McCormack Laura , Dunn Kirsty , Cooper Sally‐Ann 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundIt is thought that people with Down syndrome die younger than the general population, but that survival rates are improving.MethodsFive databases were searched for keywords related to intellectual disabilities, Down syndrome and mortality. Strict inclusion criteria were applied. Information from 34 selected studies was tabulated, extracted and synthesized.ResultsPeople with Down syndrome died about 28 years younger than the general population. Congenital heart anomalies, comorbidities, low birthweight, and Black and minority ethnicity influenced earlier age of death, as did younger maternal age and poorer parental education. Congenital heart anomalies and respiratory conditions were the leading causes of death, and more common than in the general population. Survival rates have improved over time, particularly for those with congenital heart anomalies.ConclusionsPeople with Down syndrome are living longer but still die younger of different causes than the general population. More robust comparative data are needed, and ethnic differences require further study.
Development of a cognitive behavioural therapy‐based guided self‐help intervention for adults with intellectual disability
Authors: McQueen Meg , Blinkhorn Ashleigh , Broad Adam , Jones Jessica , Naeem Farooq , Ayub Muhammad 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundDespite strong evidence for cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in treating mental health, its use, thus far, has been limited for people with intellectual disabilities. This study describes a CBT‐based guided self‐help (CBT‐GSH) manual for individuals with intellectual disability, and focus groups explore the views of clinicians, therapists, support staff and managers.Material and methodsUsing a qualitative methodology, an expert team adapted the manual. Focus groups provided feedback, followed by thematic content analysis for modifications.ResultsParticipants supported using the manual, with varying views about the delivery. Quality of relationships and competence of the administrator determined the best person to deliver the treatment. Heterogeneity in the intellectual disability population was a challenge to delivering manual‐based interventions. Participants made suggestions about language and organization.ConclusionsAmendments were made to the manual in line with expert feedback. An evaluation is warranted to test for feasibility, delivery, acceptability and efficacy.
Medical Certificates of Cause of Death for people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic literature review
Authors: Dunwoodie Stirton Fred , Heslop Pauline 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundMortality studies can help reduce health inequalities by informing public policy through a better understanding of causes of death and comorbidities. Mortality studies often rely on Medical Certificates of Cause of Death (MCCD) for data.MethodA systematic review was undertaken to identify the extent and nature of issues in recording causes of death for people with intellectual disability onMCCD.ResultsFifteen of the 25 articles included in the literature review raised concerns about the accuracy ofMCCDin identifying the cause(s) of death of people with intellectual disability. The most frequent issues were the under‐reporting of intellectual disability onMCCD, and listing intellectual disability or an associated condition as an underlying cause of death.ConclusionsConcerns about the accuracy and reliability ofMCCDfor people with intellectual disability raise questions about mortality data based onMCCD. Clear guidance is required fromWHOfor those completingMCCDfor people with intellectual disability.
Oxygen uptake efficiency slope during exercise in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Mendonca Goncalo V. , Borges Afonso , Wee Sang O. , Fernhall Bo 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundPersons with Down syndrome (DS) have low aerobic exercise capacity. The present authors sought to compare the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) between adults with and without DS performing graded exercise testing (GXT) and to investigate its relationship with peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in both groups of participants.MethodTwenty‐three participants with DS and 24 non‐disabled controls performed GXT with VO2 measurements. OUES was calculated from data of the first 75%, 90% and 100% GXT time. Multiple linear regression analyses were computed to explore associations between the independent (OUES and DS) and the dependent variables (VO2peak).ResultsVO2peak, GXT time and OUES were lower in participants with DS (p < .05). OUES and DS explained 69.3% of the variance in VO2peak.ConclusionsOur findings show that OUES values are lower in persons with DS. Additionally, it was shown that OUES has predictive value for VO2peak estimations in DS.
Islands as biological substrates: Continental
Authors: Ali Jason R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimDescribe the main geo‐physical features of the various sorts of marine islands that are associated with the continents and consider how the ontogenetic pathways of each landmass type might have shaped the hosted biotas.LocationGlobal.MethodsReview of the literature that underpins understanding of the “continental” marine islands, particularly those publications with biological, geological, geophysical, oceanographical and palaeoceanographical foci.ResultsBased on their geo‐physical settings, islands with continental basements/close connections to the continents can be assigned to one of nine categories: shelf, shelf volcano, orogenic margin, continental arc, continental fore‐arc, rifted arc‐raft, isolated raft atoll, isolated block and micro‐continental terrane. As each functions in a distinctive manner, this must have strongly imprinted the native biotas.Main conclusions“Continental” marine islands can be allocated to one of nine groups based on their respective geo‐physical locations. When geological time is considered, then the unique histories of each insular landmass type will have played a critical role in moulding the land‐locked faunal assemblages that have amassed and evolved atop them. Researchers investigating insular biotas, particularly those exploring biodiversity growth, may wish to accommodate these insights.
Key stages in the evolution of the Antarctic marine fauna
Authors: Crame J. Alistair 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe are beginning to appreciate that the origin of the modern Antarctic marine fauna is related to a series of key events throughout the Cenozoic era. In the first of these, the mass extinction at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary (66 Ma) reset the evolutionary stage and led to a major radiation of modern taxa in the benthic realm. Although this took place in a greenhouse world, there is evidence to suggest that the radiation was tempered by the seasonality of primary productivity, and this may be a time‐invariant feature of the polar regions. Although there could well have been a single, abrupt extinction event atc. 34 Ma, there is also evidence to suggest a phased extinction of various taxa over a period of millions of years. Important new molecular phylogenetic data are indicating that a wide variety of both benthic and pelagic taxa radiated shortly after a second major phase of cooling atc. 14 Ma. Such a phenomenon is linked to a series of major palaeoceanographic changes, which in turn led to a proliferation of diatom‐based ecosystems. Although the modern benthic marine fauna can be traced back some 45–50 Myr, a substantial component of the modern pelagic one may be less than 14 Myr old. The latter is also characterized by assemblages of high abundance but comparatively low species richness and evenness. A distinctive signature of low diversity but high dominance within Antarctic marine assemblages was maintained by the interplay between temperature and primary productivity throughout the Cenozoic.
A cross‐continental comparison of assemblages of seed‐ and fruit‐feeding insects in tropical rain forests: Faunal composition and rates of attack
Authors: Basset Yves , Dahl Chris , Ctvrtecka Richard , Gripenberg Sofia , Lewis Owen T. , Segar Simon T. , Klimes Petr , Barrios Héctor , Brown John W. , Bunyavejchewin Sarayudh , Butcher Buntika A. , Cognato Anthony I. , Davies Stuart , Kaman Ondrej , Knizek Milos , Miller Scott E. , Morse Geoffrey E. , Novotny Vojtech , Pongpattananurak Nantachai , Pramual Pairot , Quicke Donald L. J. , Robbins Robert K. , Sakchoowong Watana , Schutze Mark , Vesterinen Eero J. , Wang Wen‐zhi , Wang Yun‐yu , Weiblen George , Wright Joseph S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimInsects feeding on seeds and fruits represent interesting study systems, potentially able to lower the fitness of their host plants. In addition to true seed eaters, a suite of insects feed on the fleshy parts of fruits. We examined the likelihood of community convergence in whole insect assemblages attacking seeds/fruits in three tropical rain forests.LocationThree ForestGEO permanent forest plots within different biogeographical regions: Barro Colorado Island (Panama), Khao Chong (Thailand) and Wanang (Papua New Guinea).MethodsWe surveyed 1,186 plant species and reared 1.1 ton of seeds/fruits that yielded 80,600 insects representing at least 1,678 species. We assigned seeds/fruits to predation syndromes on the basis of plant traits relevant to insects, seed/fruit appearance and mesocarp thickness.ResultsWe observed large differences in insect faunal composition, species richness and guild structure between our three study sites. We hypothesize that the high species richness of insect feeding on seeds/fruits in Panama may result from a conjunction of low plant species richness and high availability of dry fruits. Insect assemblages were weakly influenced by seed predation syndromes, both at the local and regional scale, and the effect of host phylogeny varied also among sites. At the driest site (Panama), the probability of seeds of a plant species being attacked depended more on seed availability than on the measured seed traits of that plant species. However, when seeds were attacked, plant traits shaping insect assemblages were difficult to identify and not related to seed availability.Main conclusionsWe observed only weak evidence of community convergence at the intercontinental scale among these assemblages. Our study suggests that seed eaters may be most commonly associated with dry fruits at relatively dry tropical sites where fleshy fruits may be less prevalent.