bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local labor market size and qualification mismatch
Authors: Berlingieri Francesco 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of the size of the local labor market on skill mismatch. Using survey data for Germany, I find that workers in large cities are both less likely to be overqualified for their job and to work in a different field than the one for which they trained. Different empirical strategies are employed to account for the potential sorting of talented workers into more urbanized areas. Results on individuals who have never moved away from the place in which they grew up and fixed effects estimates obtaining identification through regional migrants suggest that sorting does not fully explain the existing differences in qualification mismatch across areas. This provides evidence of the existence of agglomeration economies through better matches. However, lower qualification mismatch in larger cities is found to explain at best a small part of the urban wage premium.
Novel Mineral–Vitamin Treatment for Reduction in Cigarette Smoking: A Fully Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Reihana Phillipa K , Blampied Neville M , Rucklidge Julia J 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Many smokers do not achieve abstinence using current smoking cessation options. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated a novel nutritional supplement to assist with quitting smoking.

Methods
Following a baseline phase where cigarettes per day and nicotine dependence were measured, participants (n = 107) were randomized to placebo (n = 50) or micronutrient conditions (n = 57). A 4-week pre-quit phase permitted titration up to 12 capsules/day. During the quit phase (12 weeks), participants were registered with a public Quitline while consuming micronutrients or placebo. Carbon monoxide levels were measured to confirm smoking cessation.

Results
Forty-five (42%) participants completed the trial. Treatment and placebo groups did not differ on the primary outcome of continuous abstinence at 12 weeks using intention-to-treat analysis; however, 28% of the micronutrient-treated group had quit versus 18% for placebo (odds ratio [OR] = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71 to 4.48), with number needed to treat = 10. Comparison of cigarette consumption (cigarettes per day) between micronutrient and placebo groups showed that those taking micronutrients reported reduced consumption throughout the trial, notably at pre-quit weeks 1 and 4, and at quit phase week 4. There were no serious adverse events, blinding was successful, and there were no substantive group differences in side effects or dropout rate.

Conclusion
This is the first RCT investigating the impact of micronutrients on smoking reduction, finding that micronutrients reduced harm through reduction in number of cigarettes smoked relative to placebo. The small sample and high dropout rate limit confidence in the conclusions and generalizability of the study; however, assessed by number needed to treat, micronutrients are comparable to other smoking cessation treatments but with fewer side effects. Future research using larger and longer trials including cost-effectiveness and biomarker measures is encouraged.

Implications
Micronutrients are being increasingly studied for the treatment of psychiatric conditions, but direct application of micronutrients as a treatment for addictions is novel. There is extensive evidence that micronutrients alleviate stress. Given that tobacco smoking is often used to cope with stress, taking micronutrients may moderate the stress of withdrawal and increase the chance of a successful quit attempt. This study is the first known RCT to investigate the use of micronutrients to support smoking cessation. Treatments that are safe, effective, relatively inexpensive, and readily available are needed and micronutrient supplements offer one such possible alternative.
Translational genomic research: the role of genetic polymorphisms in MBSR program among breast cancer survivors (MBSR[BC])
Authors: Park Jong Y , Lengacher Cecile A , Reich Richard R , Alinat Carissa B , Ramesar Sophia , Le Alice , Paterson Carly L , Pleasant Michelle L , Park Hyun Y , Kiluk John , Han Hyo , Ismail-Khan Roohi , Kip Kevin E 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Genetic variations of breast cancer survivors (BCS) may contribute to level of residual symptoms, such as depression, stress, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. The objective of this study was to investigate whether particular single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) moderated symptom improvement resulting from the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Breast Cancer (MBSR[BC]) program. An overarching goal of personalized medicine is to identify individuals as risk for disease and tailor interventions based on genetic profiles of patients with diseases including cancer. BCS were recruited from Moffitt Cancer Center and University of South Florida’s Breast Health Program and were randomized to either the 6-week MBSR(BC) program (n = 92) or Usual Care (n = 93). Measures of symptoms, demographic, and clinical history data were attained at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. A total of 10 SNPs from eight genes known to be related to these symptoms were studied using genomic DNA extracted from blood. Our results were examined for effect sizes, consistency, and statistical significance (p &lt; .05). Three SNPs (rs4680 in COMT, rs6314 in HTR2A, and rs429358 in APOE) emerged as having the strongest (though relatively weak) and most consistent effects in moderating the impact of the MBSR program on symptom outcomes. Although effects were generally weak, with only one effect withstanding multiple comparisons correction for statistical significance, this translational behavioral research may help start the identification of genetic profiles that moderate the impact of MBSR(BC). The ultimate goal of this study is the development of personalized treatment programs tailored to the genetic profile of each patient.
Reflections on the evolution of the vertebrate tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases
Authors: Brew Keith 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTJawed vertebrates (Gnathostomes) have 4 tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), multifunctional proteins that all inhibit members of the large matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family but differ in their other roles, including the regulation of pro‐MMP activation, cell growth, apoptosis and angiogenesis, and the structure of extracellular matrices (ECMs). Molecular phylogeny analyses indicate that vertebrate TIMP genes arose from an invertebrate ancestor through 3 successive duplications, possibly including 2 whole genome duplications, during early vertebrate phylogeny. TIMPs from invertebrates also inhibit metalloproteinases, bind to pro‐MMPs, and contribute to ECM structures but are not orthologs of any particular vertebrate TIMP. The most ancient vertebrate superclass, the Agnatha (jawless fish), seems to provide a snapshot of a stage in TIMP evolution preceding the third gene duplication. This review examines the structures of TIMPs from different vertebrate orders using information relating to the structural basis of their various functions. Provisional conclusions are that during their evolutionary divergence, various TIMPs lost inhibitory activity toward some metalloproteinases, specialized in effects on different pro‐MMPs, and developed new interactions with discrete targets (including integrins and receptors), while recapitulating a role in ECM structure. The analysis is limited by the sparse information available regarding the functional properties of nonmammalian TIMPs.—Brew, K. Reflections on the evolution of the vertebrate tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. FASEB J. 33, 71–87 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Inflammatory Diabetic Neuropathy: Helpful Diagnostic Parameters
Authors: Thaisetthawatkul Pariwat , Fernandes J. Americo , Piccione Ezequiel , Truong Laetitia , Dyck P. James B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objectives:
Mild inflammatory diabetic neuropathies (IDNs) overlap with diabetic sensorimotor neuropathy (DPN) in clinical presentation and electrophysiological and laboratory tests. This study is to determine whether IDN can be differentiated from DPN by clinical features, electrophysiological, pathological, or laboratory tests.

Methods:
Suspected IDN cases were identified by a subacute onset and progressive sensory or motor neuropathy in patients with diabetes.

Results:
IDN occurred earlier in the course of diabetes mellitus and had higher prevalence of limb weakness, walking difficulty, and more severe electrophysiological abnormalities suggesting both demyelination and axonal loss. Sensory nerve biopsies in IDN showed perivascular inflammatory infiltrates, decreased fiber density, increased demyelination, and axonal degeneration. Most patients with IDN improved with immunotherapy.

Conclusions:
Features that favor IDN over DPN are limb weakness, more severe nerve conduction abnormalities, inflammatory infiltrates on nerve biopsy, and a favorable response to immunotherapy. A nerve biopsy can help establish an inflammatory cause.
Autoimmune Neuromuscular Diseases Induced by Immunomodulating Drugs
Authors: Supakornnumporn Songkit , Katirji Bashar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Immunomodulating drugs are widely used in autoimmune, transplant, and cancer patients. However, these drugs are associated with various autoimmune neuromuscular diseases such as demyelinating polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, and myositis. Early recognition of these complications and immediately terminating these drugs are very essential since some are life-threatening conditions. This review provides a general overview of drug-induced autoimmunity and autoimmune neuromuscular diseases associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antagonists, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and interferon (IFN) type 1 (IFN-β and IFN-α).
Low Sensitivity of Skin Biopsy in Diagnosing Small Fiber Neuropathy in Chinese Americans
Authors: Jin Peter , Cheng Ling , Chen Ming , Zhou Lan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objectives:
To compare skin biopsy sensitivity for diagnosing small fiber sensory neuropathy in Chinese American and non-Chinese American patients.

Methods:
We screened our skin biopsy database and performed chart review to identify Chinese and non-Chinese American patients with a high clinical suspicion for a distal small fiber sensory neuropathy, and compared the skin biopsy sensitivity.

Results:
Twenty-three Chinese American and 32 non-Chinese American patients with the presence of distal small fiber sensory symptoms and signs were studied. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) (fibers/mm) at the distal leg was higher (7.1 ± 3.9), and the diagnostic sensitivity using the worldwide normative reference values of IENFD at the distal leg was lower (26.1%) in the Chinese American group than in the non-Chinese American group (5.1 ± 3.0, P < 0.05; 62.5%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
There may be ethnic differences in IENFD at the distal leg, and a different set of IENFD normative values may be developed for ethnic Chinese to improve the skin biopsy sensitivity.
Cybersecurity: Positive Changes Through Processes and Team Culture
Authors: Pullin Dennis W. 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY
Protecting your organization’s technology systems, devices, and electronic information is more important than ever before as healthcare increasingly becomes a target for cyberattacks, phishing, and ransomware. Hackers have turned this cyber warfare into a multibillion-dollar business, and the attacks are only getting worse. No company or individual is immune to the risks of cyberattacks, which can not only damage an organization’s operations and reputation but also affect patient care quality and safety.
At Virtua, one of New Jersey’s largest health systems, cybersecurity is a team effort. From board trustees to frontline employees, everyone is held accountable for protecting the organization against cyberattacks. Virtua’s action plans include technology solutions, process improvements, governance under a chief information security officer, vendor management, and employee education and awareness.
Completely eliminating the threat of cyberattacks, phishing, and ransomware is impossible, but keeping cybersecurity a part of an organization’s strategic plan is vital because the best possible offense is a strong, dependable defense.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Violations by Physician Assistant Students: Applying Laws to Clinical Vignettes
Authors: Calhoun Bridget C. , Kiel Joan M. , Morgan Allison A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Students enrolled in medical schools, nursing schools, and physician assistant (PA) programs are required to have instruction on patient privacy and protection of health-related information. The medical literature has several examples of breaches of patient privacy by clinicians, which likely represents only a fraction of the violations that occur. Patient privacy and the protection of health-related information constitute both an ethical issue and a legal issue and are associated with significant consequences. Medical, PA, and allied health students are required to comply with the same federal laws related to patient privacy and confidentiality as licensed professionals. Universities must work diligently to create a culture in which students are taught about the legal requirements of the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and are held accountable for compliance with such requirements. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act must be considered part of standard classroom instruction and be embedded and upheld at all clinical training sites. We present a series of 7 HIPAA violations by PA students, along with a brief description of the HIPAA provisions associated with each case. These real-life examples provide a comprehensive overview of important HIPAA components and illustrate how easily violations can occur in clinical settings.
Suicide Acceptability and Suicide Attempt
Authors: Sun Long , Zhang Jie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the past decades, many studies have discussed the topic of suicide acceptability. However, there is no empirical study which identified that suicide acceptability is associated with suicide attempt worldwide. In the present study participants were 791 medically serious suicide attempters and controls aged 15 to 54 years in rural China. Suicide acceptability was evaluated by four questions in the General Social Survey and some social psychological variables were collected in a face-to-face interview. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between suicide acceptability and suicide attempt. After controlling some social psychological variables, suicide acceptability was still associated with suicide attempt (odds ratio, 2.85;p< 0.001). Tired of living was the most acceptable reason for the medically serious suicide attempters (32.7%). Suicide acceptability should be assessed when we evaluate an individual’s suicide risk. The results contribute to our understanding about suicide acceptability, and they may also be translated into practice in suicide prevention.
Manic Episodes Due to Medical Illnesses
Authors: Torales Julio , González Israel , Barrios Iván , Ventriglio Antonio , Bhugra Dinesh 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The body of evidence for mania as a secondary syndrome due to organic diseases is small. The clinical diagnosis and management of these patients are mainly based on clinical experience and on some case reports. Treatment should be focused on both the underlying medical illness and the control of acute symptoms. Mania due to a medical condition is relevant in the clinical setting, and thus more research is needed to add evidence-based recommendations to the currently available clinical knowledge. In this review, we summarize the latest information on the etiology, epidemiology, diagnostic aspects, and management of secondary mania.
Oscillatory brain states govern spontaneous fMRI network dynamics
Authors: Gutierrez-Barragan Daniel , Basson M. Albert , Panzeri Stefano , Gozzi Alessandro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSpontaneous brain activity as assessed with resting-state fMRI exhibits rich spatiotemporal structure. However, the principles by which brain-wide patterns of spontaneous fMRI activity reconfigure and interact with each other, remain unclear. We devised a frame-wise clustering approach to map spatiotemporal dynamics of spontaneous fMRI activity with voxel resolution in the resting mouse brain. We show that brain-wide patterns of fMRI co-activation can be reliably mapped at the group and subject level, defining a restricted set of recurring brain states characterized by rich network structure. We document that these functional states are characterized by contrasting patterns of spontaneous fMRI activity and exhibit coupled oscillatory dynamics, with each state occurring at specific phases of global fMRI signal fluctuations. Finally, we show that autism-associated genetic alterations result in the engagement of non-canonical brain states and altered coupled oscillatory dynamics. Our approach reveals a new set of fundamental principles guiding the spatiotemporal organization of resting state fMRI activity, and its disruption in brain disorders.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for de novo biosynthesis of vitamin B12
Authors: Fang Huan , Li Dong , Kang Jie , Jiang Pingtao , Sun Jibin , Zhang Dawei 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe only known source of vitamin B12 (adenosylcobalamin) is from bacteria and archaea, and the only unknown step in its biosynthesis is the production of the intermediate adenosylcobinamide phosphate. Here, using genetic and metabolic engineering, we generated an Escherichia coli strain that produces vitamin B12 via an engineered de novo aerobic biosynthetic pathway. Excitingly, the BluE and CobC enzymes from Rhodobacter capsulatus transform L-threonine into (R)-1-Amino-2-propanol O-2-Phosphate, which is then condensed with adenosylcobyric acid to yield adenosylcobinamide phosphate by either CobD from the aeroic R. capsulatus or CbiB from the anerobic Salmonella typhimurium. These findings suggest that the biosynthetic steps from co(II)byrinic acid a,c-diamide to adocobalamin are the same in both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Finally, we increased the vitamin B12 yield of a recombinant E. coli strain by more than ∼250-fold to 307.00 µg/g DCW via metabolic engineering and optimization of fermentation conditions. Beyond our scientific insights about the aerobic and anaerobic pathways and our demonstration of E. coli as a microbial biosynthetic platform for vitamin B12 production, our study offers an encouraging example of how the several dozen proteins of a complex biosynthetic pathway can be transferred between organisms to facilitate industrial production.
Electrical synapses and transient signals in feedforward canonical circuits
Authors: Pham Tuan , Haas Julie S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs information about the world traverses the brain, the signals exchanged between neurons are passed and modulated by synapses, or specialized contacts between neurons. While neurotransmitter-based synapses tend to be either relay excitatory or inhibitory pulses of influence on the postsynaptic neuron, electrical synapses, composed of plaques of gap junction channels, are always-on transmitters that can either excite or inhibit a coupled neighbor. A growing body of evidence indicates that electrical synapses, similar to their chemical counterparts, are modified in strength during physiological neuronal activity. The synchronizing role of electrical synapses in neuronal oscillations has been well established, but their impact on transient signal processing in the brain is much less understood. Here we constructed computational models based on the canonical feedforward neuronal circuit, and included electrical synapses between inhibitory interneurons. We provided discrete closely-timed inputs to the circuits, and characterize the influence of electrical synapses on both the subthreshold summation and spike trains in the output neuron. Our simulations highlight the diverse and powerful roles that electrical synapses play even in simple circuits. Because these canonical circuits are represented widely throughout the brain, we expect that these are general principles for the influence of electrical synapses on transient signal processing across the brain.Author SummaryThe role that electrical synapses play in neural oscillations, network synchronization and rhythmicity is well established, but their role neuronal processing of transient inputs is much less understood. Here we used computational models of canonical feedforward circuits and networks to investigate how the strength of electrical synapses regulates the flow of transient signals passing through those circuits. We show that because the influence of electrical synapses on coupled neighbors can be either inhibitory or excitatory, their role in network information processing is heterogeneous.. Because of the widespread existence of electrical synapses between interneurons as well as a growing body of evidence for their plasticity, we expect such effects play a significant role in how the brain processes transient inputs.
Length-independent telomere damage drives cardiomyocyte senescence
Authors: Anderson Rhys , Lagnado Anthony , Maggiorani Damien , Walaszczyk Anna , Dookun Emily , Chapman James , Birch Jodie , Salmonowicz Hanna , Ogrodnik Mikolaj , Jurk Diana , Proctor Carole , Correia-Melo Clara , Victorelli Stella , Fielder Edward , Berlinguer-Palmini Rolando , Owens Andrew , Greaves Laura , Kolsky Kathy L. , Parini Angelo , Douin-Echinard Victorine , LeBrasseur Nathan K. , Arthur Helen M. , Tual-Chalot Simon , Schafer Marissa J. , Roos Carolyn M , Miller Jordan , Robertson Neil , Mann Jelena , Adams Peter D. , Tchkonia Tamara , Kirkland James L , Mialet-Perez Jeanne , Richardson Gavin D , Passos João F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAgeing is the biggest risk factor for cardiovascular health and is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Cellular senescence, a process driven in part by telomere shortening, has been implicated in age-related tissue dysfunction. Here, we address the question of how senescence is induced in rarely dividing/post-mitotic cardiomyocytes and investigate if clearance of senescent cells attenuates age related cardiac dysfunction. During ageing, human and murine cardiomyocytes acquire a senescent-like phenotype characterised by persistent DNA damage at telomere regions that can be driven by mitochondrial dysfunction, and crucially can occur independently of cell-division and telomere length. Length-independent telomere damage in cardiomyocytes activates the classical senescence-inducing pathways, p21CIPand p16INK4aand results in a non-canonical senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Pharmacological or genetic clearance of senescent cells in mice alleviates myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, detrimental features of cardiac ageing, and promotes cardiomyocyte regeneration. Our data describes a mechanism by which senescence can occur and contribute to ageing in post-mitotic tissues.