bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐Doped Mesoporous ZnO with Oxygen Vacancies for Stable Hydrazine Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Yuyin , Zheng Shasha , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImproving the morphology, doping with elements, producing oxygen vacancies and narrowing the energy bandgap are the main targets of research in electrocatalysis. N‐doped ZnO nanostructures with different architectures and N content were successfully obtained by the controllable and facile calcination of ZIF‐8. Meanwhile, N‐doped mesoporous ZnO nanomaterials (with higher N content: 4.38 wt%) with evident oxygen vacancies in the lattice and a narrower energy bandgap (Eg=3.12 eV) were obtained, as elucidated by the peak shift of the XPS, Raman spectrum, along with the analysis of the Tauc plots. As a promising electrocatalyst, this kind of material has attracted much attention because of its low cost, simple synthetic strategy and decent catalytic activity for the determination of hydrazine hydrate. The contributions made from the mesopores, relatively high N content, oxygen vacancy and narrow energy bandgap boost the electrochemical properties of electrocatalysts. Eventually, the assembly of the (N‐doped mesoporous ZnO‐modified) glassy carbon electrode (GCE) displays excellent stability, repeatability and anti‐interference ability with decent sensitivity ranging from 0.5 μM to 8065.5 μM for hydrazine hydrate.
Naming the colors: Color names designation from the colorimetric values. The French GPEM/PV work revisited
Authors: Sève Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis publication describes a work related to the French language, for assigning a color name to an object whose colorimetric characteristics have been measured. This is the subject of a recently published book. The work is the result of an old publication by Afnor, the French standardization organization, work unfortunately obsolete by its colorimetric part. This publication describes the work that has been done to update it and make it convenient to use. The present text, by publishing some of the tables and graphs of the French book, presents the work done in French by a method that differs from that used by Kelly and Judd years ago.
Constituents of “teabacco”: A forensic analysis of cigarettes made from diverted nicotine replacement therapy lozenges in smoke‐free prisons
Authors: Mitchell Courtney , Puljević Cheneal , Coomber Ross , White Alan , Cresswell Sarah L. , Bowman Jasper , Kinner Stuart A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFollowing the implementation of prison smoke‐free policies, there have been reports of prisoners creating substitute cigarettes made from nicotine replacement therapy patches or lozenges infused with tea leaves (“teabacco”). No studies have analyzed the chemical constituents of teabacco made from nicotine lozenges, so as to document any potential related health hazards. Teabacco samples were made by a participant who reported creating teabacco while incarcerated in a smoke‐free prison in Queensland, Australia, and the process was video‐recorded for replication in a laboratory. A simple linear smoking system captured the teabacco smoke for analysis. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES) was used to analyze elemental composition and gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC–MS) analyzed the captured smoke using the National Institute of Standards and Technology mass spectral library. Analyses determined that quantities of copper, aluminum, and lead concentrations, and levels of inhaled total particulate matter, were above recommended guidelines for safe ingestion. Analysis of teabacco smoke using GC–MS identified potentially toxic compounds catechol and nicotine. However, our findings show that smoking this form of teabacco is less harmful than smoking teabacco made from nicotine patches, or smoking traditional tobacco cigarettes. Considering the limited potential health harm of smoking teabacco made from lozenges, and that nicotine lozenges represent the only form of smoking cessation support for individuals entering smoke‐free prisons, we caution against the removal of nicotine lozenges from Queensland's prisons, at least until further research directly establishes health harms associated with this form of teabacco.
Catalytic gasification of wheat straw in hot compressed (subcritical and supercritical) water for hydrogen production
Authors: Nanda Sonil , Reddy Sivamohan N. , Vo Dai‐Viet N. , Sahoo Bichitra N. , Kozinski Janusz A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo supplement the increasing energy demands and cope with the greenhouse gas emissions, biofuels generated from lignocellulosic biomass are gaining widespread attention. In this study, wheat straw was used as a candidate lignocellulosic biomass to produce hydrogen fuel through hydrothermal gasification. The fluid phases of water investigated for gasification included subcritical (300 and 370°C) and supercritical (450 and 550°C) phases. Along with the effects of temperature (300‐550°C), the influences of feed concentration (20‐35 wt%) and reaction time (40‐70 minutes) were comprehensively studied for wheat straw gasification in subcritical and supercritical water. To maximize hydrogen and total gas yields, the effects of two metal catalysts (eg, Ru/Al2O3 and Ni/Si‐Al2O3) were examined. Hydrogen and total gas yields, as well as lower heating values of the gas products, were comparatively evaluated during the subcritical and supercritical water gasification of wheat straw. Supercritical water gasification of wheat straw at 550°C with 20 wt% feed concentration for 60 minutes of reaction time resulted in higher yields of hydrogen (2.98 mmol/g) and total gases (10.6 mmol/g). When compared to noncatalytic gasification, catalytic gasification using 5 wt% loading of Ru/Al2O3 and Ni/Si‐Al2O3 enhanced the hydrogen yields up to 4.18 and 5.1 mmol/g, respectively, along with respective total gas yields of 15 and 18.2 mmol/g. Nonetheless, wheat straw‐derived biochar produced at high supercritical water temperatures also retained high carbon content and calorific value.
The influences of nitrogen form and zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton assemblages in two coastal southeastern systems
Authors: Sitta Kimberly A. , Reed Michelle , Mortensen Rebecca , Doll Cameron , Callahan Timothy , Greenfield Dianne I. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCoastal environments are vulnerable to land development due to human population growth that has increased nitrogen and phosphorus loading into receiving estuaries. As a result, phytoplankton blooms have proliferated as “bottom‐up” (resource) processes outweigh “top‐down” (removals). This study investigated phytoplankton biomass and assemblage regulation by both N‐form (ammonium, nitrate, urea) and zooplankton at two southeastern United States estuaries (the urban Charleston Harbor and less‐developed Ashepoo‐Combahee‐Edisto Basin) with contrasting land cover patterns through in situ nutrient addition bioassays (spring and summer, 2015–2016) and dilution experiments (summer 2016). Phytoplankton responses to N exhibited no clear patterns during spring. By comparison, summer chlorophyll a (Chl a) increases were significant (p < 0.05) in response to all provided N forms, and diatoms contributed most to total biovolume with biovolume increases higher at the more developed site per estuary. Phytoplankton Chl a and biovolume were generally greatest when all nutrients were added in combination, but nitrate added alone frequently elicited the lowest response. Ciliate abundances were high at most sites with lower mesozooplankton abundances. Accordingly, microzooplankton grazing rates were highest for < 5 μm and < 20 μm Chl a fractions, often corresponding with the highest phytoplankton growth rates. Ciliate abundances tracked Chl a during bioassays, highlighting their role as important biomass controls in these estuaries. Results can be used to inform nutrient management decisions, as continued development will increase nutrient loading to developed and developing systems.
Numerical investigation of the design of single‐span steel portal frames using the effective length and direct analysis methods
Authors: Ingkiriwang Yohanes Gabriel , Far Harry 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe era of globalization enables the design, fabrication and erection of steel structures to take place in different locations far away from each other. Therefore, a widely acceptable steel design standard is required, and designers should be familiar with alternative specifications that may be considerably different from one another. This study deals with single‐span unbraced steel portal frames and makes a comparison between the design methodologies adopted by the Australian and American design provisions, in particular, the effective length method (ELM) and direct analysis method (DAM). A brief discussion on the main features of both standards is also presented. Furthermore, the results of the parametric study are portrayed, highlighting the differences between these two design standards regarding stress interaction. Finally, of the two aforementioned methods, the most applicable optimization method for the design and development of cost‐effective industrial portal frame buildings is proposed with respect to the structure geometry.
Portal steel trusses vs. portal steel frames for long‐span industrial buildings
Authors: Haydar Hussein , Far Harry , Saleh Ali 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPortal frames and portal truss structures are two of the most cost‐effective and sustainable structural forms for the design and construction of long‐span industrial buildings. Although the use of both structure types as steel‐clad structures is widely accepted, due to frame complexity and variation of frame types for use in single‐storey buildings with spans > 30 m, literature providing a comprehensive investigation of the concepts of portal trusses and portal frames is scarce. This study compares the behaviour of a portal truss configuration with pitched portal frames for use in industrial buildings with spans > 30 m, focusing on weight, costs and construction time. Furthermore, this study entails a numerical investigation that utilizes the SAP2000 computer program to model and structurally optimize the member properties for both portal frame and portal truss configurations. Based on the results obtained from the investigation, it has become apparent that, due to the smaller sections used, the portal truss configurations are lighter and cheaper to fabricate and construct in comparison to the pitched portal frames, which, however, require a shorter construction time.
Morpheus Hotel, Macau – a paradigm shift in computational engineering
Authors: Piermarini Emidio , Nuttall Hayden , May Rob , Janssens Victoria M. , Manglesdorf Wolf , Kelly Tim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article describes how cutting‐edge, parameter‐based computational engineering techniques have been used to undertake the conception, analysis and documentation of the 2500 complex steelwork connections in the exoskeleton of the new Morpheus Hotel in Macau. It discusses the tools, methodologies and strategies devised by the engineering team to automate the time‐consuming model creation and data‐handling operations associated with the finite element analysis, enabling them to complete this challenging part of the project in just 12 months.
Language purism and social hierarchies: Making a Romani standard in Prizren
Authors: Abercrombie Amelia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article takes an ethnographic approach to language standardisation. My research focuses on Romani language use in Prizren, Kosovo, which has a tradition of multilingualism. Moving away from approaches to standardisation that focus only on linguistic processes, I look more broadly at the social processes behind language standardisation. I explore discussions, debates, and attitudes towards me as a language learner to show how a Romani standard is being produced and legitimised in Prizren. Applying theories of purism and standardisation, I examine how certain speech practices are made inferior and how social hierarchies legitimise this. I relate this more broadly to the politics of Romani language and to theories of sociolinguistics and anthropological linguistics. (Romani, Kosovo, standardisation, purism, language ideology)*
Staphylococcus lugdunensis sepsis and endocarditis in a newborn following lotus birth
Authors: Ittleman Benjamin R. , Szabo Joanne S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA term newborn, who underwent lotus birth, developed Staphylococcus lugdunensis sepsis and endocarditis on the 1st day of life. This case reports an uncommon pathogen known to cause destructive endocarditis in the adult and paediatric populations, causing endocarditis in a neonate. We speculate that lotus birth, an atypical birthing practice, may have contributed to the development of this infection.
Evaluation of air cavities on dose distributions with air-filled apparatuses having different volumes using Gafchromic EBT3 films in brachytherapy
Authors: Çelik Mehmet Bahadır , Olacak Nezahat , Barlaz Us Songül , Tavlayan Emin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe data used in brachytherapy planning are obtained from homogeneous mediums. In practice, the heterogeneous tissues and materials affect the dose distribution of brachytherapy. It is aimed to investigate the effect of air cavities on brachytherapy dose distribution using a specially designed device.Material and methodsIn this study, the special device designed with different volumes of air and water to be irradiated and measured at different depths using EBT3 Gafchromic films. EBT3 Gafchromic films were preferred for this study because they can be cut to the shape of the experimental geometry, are water resistance and double directional usability.ResultsIn our study, sudden dose increases and decreases were observed at the water–air–water interfaces. Increases were 9, 11·8 and 15% in the 13, 18 and 22 mm apparatus, respectively. These effects were expected and the results were consistent with the literature and within the tolerance limits stated in the clinical dose guidelines. The most important result is that the percent depth–dose curve of the radiation passing through the air to the water and only passing through the water medium is different. The average differences were 1·97, 2·97 and 2·31% for the 13, 18 and 22 mm apparatus, respectively.ConclusionAlthough the effect of heterogeneity may be neglected according to clinical guidelines, it is suggested that the dose effect of heterogeneity is taken into account so that the dose can be estimated sensitively. Brachytherapy plans using dose data without considering air gaps may cause erroneous dose distributions due to heterogeneity of tissue.
Rihm, Tonality, Psychosis, Modernity
Authors: BRODSKY SETH 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWolfgang Rihm's is one of the more radical – which is to say ‘deep’ and ‘rooted’ – relationships towards tonality among all post-war composers. In this article, I concentrate on the role psychosis plays in this relationship, arguing that tonality for Rihm often assumes the operations of what Jacques Lacan called a symbolic order: a network of laws and codes which sustain the world of subjects and others. In Lacanian terms, it is the subject's unsuccessful installation in the symbolic which triggers psychosis – a state organized by mimetic rivalries, the body's invasion byjouissance, and the de-hierarchization and loss of control of the drives. Tonality, for Rihm, is apoorly installed symbolic order, from which music ‘breaks’ psychotically. But it would be a mistake to pathologize Rihm's music. Rather, Rihm's is one of the more cunning, problematic, ‘neurotic’ solutions to one of modernism's oldest challenges: how to function creatively in the absence of (a) language. Both the challenge and the solution are themselves as old as aesthetic modernism; they can be understood as the two sides of modernism's ‘fundamental fantasy’, in which madness becomes a practicable sanity, and psychosis a saving symbolic order.
Robust and Nonrobust Impacts of Atmospheric Cloud‐Radiative Interactions on the Tropical Circulation and Its Response to Surface Warming
Authors: Albern Nicole , Voigt Aiko , Buehler Stefan A. , Grützun Verena 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe impact of cloud‐radiative interactions on the tropical circulation and its response to surface warming are studied in aquaplanet model simulations with prescribed sea‐surface temperatures from eight global atmosphere models. Simulations with enabled and disabled cloud‐radiative interactions are compared. In a present‐day‐like climate, the presence of cloud‐radiative interactions strengthens the Hadley cell, narrows and strengthens tropical ascent, and widens subtropical descent. These cloud impacts are robust across models and are shown to be related to the energetics and mass constraints of the tropical atmosphere. Cloud‐radiative interactions have no robust impact on the circulation response to surface warming but amplify model differences in the response of the ascent and the Hadley cell strength. The lack of robust cloud impacts is consistent with the fact that surface warming‐induced changes in atmospheric cloud‐radiative effects are small compared to the cloud‐radiative effects in the present‐day‐like climate.
Optical control of polarization in ferroelectric heterostructures
Authors: Li Tao , Lipatov Alexey , Lu Haidong , Lee Hyungwoo , Lee Jung-Woo , Torun Engin , Wirtz Ludger , Eom Chang-Beom , Íñiguez Jorge , Sinitskii Alexander , Gruverman Alexei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the ferroelectric devices, polarization control is usually accomplished by application of an electric field. In this paper, we demonstrate optically induced polarization switching in BaTiO3-based ferroelectric heterostructures utilizing a two-dimensional narrow-gap semiconductor MoS2 as a top electrode. This effect is attributed to the redistribution of the photo-generated carriers and screening charges at the MoS2/BaTiO3 interface. Specifically, a two-step process, which involves formation of intra-layer excitons during light absorption followed by their decay into inter-layer excitons, results in the positive charge accumulation at the interface forcing the polarization reversal from the upward to the downward direction. Theoretical modeling of the MoS2 optical absorption spectra with and without the applied electric field provides quantitative support for the proposed mechanism. It is suggested that the discovered effect is of general nature and should be observable in any heterostructure comprising a ferroelectric and a narrow gap semiconductor.
Three-dimensional atomic-scale observation of structural evolution of cathode material in a working all-solid-state battery
Authors: Gong Yue , Chen Yuyang , Zhang Qinghua , Meng Fanqi , Shi Jin-An , Liu Xinyu , Liu Xiaozhi , Zhang Jienan , Wang Hao , Wang Jiangyong , Yu Qian , Zhang Ze , Xu Qiang , Xiao Ruijuan , Hu Yong-Sheng , Gu Lin , Li Hong , Huang Xuejie , Chen Liquan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMost technologically important electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries are essentially lithium ions plus a transition-metal oxide framework. However, their atomic and electronic structure evolution during electrochemical cycling remains poorly understood. Here we report the in situ observation of the three-dimensional structural evolution of the transition-metal oxide framework in an all-solid-state battery. The in situ studies LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 from various zone axes reveal the evolution of both atomic and electronic structures during delithiation, which is found due to the migration of oxygen and transition-metal ions. Ordered to disordered structural transition proceeds along the <100>, <110>, <111> directions and inhomogeneous structural evolution along the <112> direction. Uneven extraction of lithium ions leads to localized migration of transition-metal ions and formation of antiphase boundaries. Dislocations facilitate transition-metal ions migration as well. Theoretical calculations suggest that doping of lower valence-state cations effectively stabilize the structure during delithiation and inhibit the formation of boundaries.
Altered dopamine release and monoamine transporters in Vps35 p.D620N knock-in mice
Authors: Cataldi Stefano , Follett Jordan , Fox Jesse D. , Tatarnikov Igor , Kadgien Chelsie , Gustavsson Emil K. , Khinda Jaskaran , Milnerwood Austen J. , Farrer Matthew J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) is a core component of the retromer trimer required for endosomal membrane-associated protein trafficking. The discovery of a missense mutation, Vps35 p.D620N implicates retromer dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We have characterized a knock-in mouse with a Vps35 p.D620N substitution (hereafter referred to as VKI) at 3 months of age. Standardized behavioral testing did not observe overt movement disorder. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive nigral neuron counts and terminal expression in striata were comparable across genotypes. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry revealed increased dopamine release in VKI striatal slices. While extracellular dopamine collected via striatal microdialysis of freely moving animals was comparable across genotypes, the ratio of dopamine metabolites to dopamine suggests increased dopamine turnover in VKI homozygous mice. Western blot of striatal proteins revealed a genotype-dependent decrease in dopamine transporter (DAT) along with an increase in vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), albeit independent of changes in other synaptic markers. The reduction in DAT was further supported by immunohistochemical analysis. The data show that the dopaminergic system of VKI mice is profoundly altered relative to wild-type littermates. We conclude early synaptic dysfunction contributes to age-related pathophysiology in the nigrostriatal system that may lead to parkinsonism in man.