bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory of Mind and Parental Nurturance as Predictors of Peer Relationships After Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury: A Test of Moderated Mediation
Authors: Deighton Stephanie , Durish Christianne Laliberté , Taylor H. Gerry , Rubin Kenneth , Dennis Maureen , Bigler Erin D. , Vannatta Kathryn , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Stancin Terry , Yeates Keith Owen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained in childhood is associated with poor social outcomes. This study investigated the role of theory of mind (ToM) as a mediator of the relation between TBI and peer rejection/victimization and reciprocated friendships, as well as the moderating effect of parental nurturance on those relationships. Method: Participants were children of 8–13 years old (M = 10.45, SD = 1.47), including 13 with severe TBI, 39 with complicated mild/moderate TBI, and 32 children with orthopedic injuries. Data on peer rejection/victimization and friendship were collected in school classrooms using the Extended Class Play and friendship nominations. Parents rated parental nurturance using the Child-Rearing Practices Report. Finally, ToM was measured based on children’s average performance across three tasks measuring different aspects of ToM. Results: Severe TBI was associated with poorer ToM, greater peer rejection/victimization, and fewer reciprocated friendships. ToM mediated the relation between severe TBI and peer rejection/victimization (i.e., severe TBI predicted poorer ToM, which in turn predicted greater rejection/victimization). Parental nurturance significantly moderated this relation, such that the mediating effect of ToM was significant only at low and average levels of parental nurturance, for both severe and complicated mild/moderate TBI groups. Neither the mediating effect of ToM nor the moderating effect of parental nurturance was significant for reciprocated friendships. Conclusion: High parental nurturance may mitigate the negative effects of ToM deficits on risk of peer rejection/victimization among children with TBI. Interventions designed to increase parental nurturance or ToM may promote better social outcomes among children with TBI.
Wearables and the internet of things: considerations for the life and health insurance industry
Authors: Spender A. , Bullen C. , Altmann-Richer L. , Cripps J. , Duffy R. , Falkous C. , Farrell M. , Horn T. , Wigzell J. , Yeap W. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this research was to look at the emergence of wearable technology and the internet of things (IoT) and their current and potential use in the health and care area. There is a wide and ever-expanding range of wearables, devices, apps, data aggregators and platforms allowing the measurement, tracking and aggregation of a multitude of health and lifestyle measures, information and behaviours. The use and application of such technology and the corresponding richness of data that it can provide bring the health and care insurance market both potential opportunities and challenges. Insurers across a range of fields are already engaging with this type of technology in their proposition designs in areas such as customer engagement, marketing and underwriting. However, it seems like we are just at the start of the journey, on a learning curve to find the optimal practical applications of such technology with many aspects as yet untried, tested or indeed backed up with quantifiable evidence. It is clear though that technology is only part of the solution, on its own it will not engage or change behaviours and insurers will need to consider this in terms of implementation and goals. In the first weeks of forming this working party, it became evident that the potential scope of this technology, the information already out there and the pace of development of it, is almost overwhelming. With many yet-unanswered questions the paper focuses on pulling together in one place relevant information for the consideration of the health and care actuary, and also to open the reader’s eyes to potential future innovations by drawing on use of the technology in other markets and spheres, and the “science fiction–like” new technology that is just around the corner. The paper explores:

an overview of wearables and IoT and available measures,

examples of how this technology is currently being used,

data considerations,

risks and challenges,

future technology developments and

what this may mean for the future of insurance.

Insurers who engage now are likely to be on an evolving business case model and product development journey, over which they can build up their understanding and interpretation of the data that this technology can provide. An exciting area full of potential – when and how will you get involved?
RIGHT ENGEL-TYPE SUBGROUPS AND LENGTH PARAMETERS OF FINITE GROUPS
Authors: KHUKHRO E. I. , SHUMYATSKY P. , TRAUSTASON G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLet $g$ be an element of a finite group $G$ and let $R_{n}(g)$ be the subgroup generated by all the right Engel values $[g,_{n}x]$ over $x\in G$. In the case when $G$ is soluble we prove that if, for some $n$, the Fitting height of $R_{n}(g)$ is equal to $k$, then $g$ belongs to the $(k+1)$th Fitting subgroup $F_{k+1}(G)$. For nonsoluble $G$, it is proved that if, for some $n$, the generalized Fitting height of $R_{n}(g)$ is equal to $k$, then $g$ belongs to the generalized Fitting subgroup $F_{f(k,m)}^{\ast }(G)$ with $f(k,m)$ depending only on $k$ and $m$, where $|g|$ is the product of $m$ primes counting multiplicities. It is also proved that if, for some $n$, the nonsoluble length of $R_{n}(g)$ is equal to $k$, then $g$ belongs to a normal subgroup whose nonsoluble length is bounded in terms of $k$ and $m$. Earlier, similar generalizations of Baer’s theorem (which states that an Engel element of a finite group belongs to the Fitting subgroup) were obtained by the first two authors in terms of left Engel-type subgroups.
Dosimetric evaluation of two phases of respiratory movement using a lung equivalent material for radiotherapy treatment planning
Authors: Inal Aysun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground/aim:Radiation dosimetry requires special phantoms which are comparable with organs and tissues of a human body. The lung is one of the organs with a low density. Therefore, it is important to create and use lung equivalent phantoms in dosimetric controls. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of using lung equivalent phantoms for different respiratory phases during measurements with both computed tomography (CT) and linear accelerator.Materials and methods:The maximum lung inhalation phantom (LIP) and lung exhalation phantom (LEP) were created for two respiratory phases. The Hounsfield Unit (HU) values based on the selected slice thickness and CT tube voltages were investigated, as well as the difference between energy and algorithms used in the treatment planning system.Results:It was found that the change in HU values according to slice thickness were more significant in measurements for respiratory phases. The dose difference between LEP and LIP at a point which is located 1 cm below the surface of the phantoms was found as 1·0% for 6 megavolt (MV) and 2·8% for 18 MV. The highest difference between the two algorithms was found to be 7·22% for 6 MV and 10·93% for 18 MV for LIP phantom.Conclusion:It can be said that the LIP and LEP phantoms prepared in accordance with respiratory phases can be a simple and inexpensive method to investigate any difference in dosimetry during respiratory phases. Also, measured and calculated dose values are in good agreement when thinner slice thickness was chosen.
Validation of the caregiver oncology quality of life questionnaire in Portuguese caregivers of myeloma patients
Authors: Pereira M. Graça , Vilaça Margarida , Pereira Marta , Bacalhau Rosário , Monteiro Sara , Fernandes Bruna , Faria Sara , Ferreira Gabriela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveCancer diagnosis affects patients, their families, and their caregivers in particular. This study focused on the validation of the CareGiver Oncology Quality of Life (CarGOQoL) questionnaire in Portuguese caregivers of patients with multiple myeloma, from the caregiver's point of view.MethodThis was a cross-sectional study with 146 caregivers of patients with multiple myeloma from outpatient medical oncology and clinical hematology consultations from five hospitals in north and central Portugal. Participants were assessed on quality of life (QoL), psychological morbidity and social support.ResultThe Portuguese version maintains 17 of the original 29 items version, maintaining general coherence and a dimensional structure that is clinically interpretable. Reliability findings indicated good internal consistency for the total scale (0.86) and respective subscales (0.75 to 0.88), which is in agreement with the alpha values from the previous CarGOQoL validation study for the corresponding subscales (0.74 to 0.89) and total scale (0.90).Significance of resultsThe CarGOQoL is a reliable and valid tool for clinical trials and intervention programs to assess QoL in caregivers of myeloma patients. Future studies should validate the adapted version in caregivers of other types of cancer patients including other chronic diseases.
Modifications of active phased antenna arrays near-field diagnosis method based on compressive sensing
Authors: Kuznetsov Grigory , Temchenko Vladimir , Miloserdov Maxim , Voskresenskiy Dmitry 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper presents two modifications of compressive sensing (CS)-based approach applied to the near-field diagnosis of active phased arrays. CS-based antenna array diagnosis allows a significant reduction of measurement time, which is crucial for the characterization of electrically large active antenna arrays, e.g. used in synthetic aperture radar. However, practical implementation of this method is limited by two factors: first, it is sensitive to thermal instabilities of the array under test, and second, excitation reconstruction accuracy strongly depends on the accuracy of the elements of the measurement matrix. First proposed modification allows taking into account of thermal instability of the array by using an iterative ℓ1-minimization procedure. The second modification increases the accuracy of reconstruction using several simple additional measurements.
Effects of Fault Roughness on Coseismic Slip and Earthquake Locations
Authors: Allam A. A. , Kroll K. A. , Milliner C. W. D. , Richards‐Dinger K. B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFault zone structure is well known to exert strong controls on earthquake properties including coseismic slip distribution, rupture propagation direction, and hypocenter location. It has also been well established that the principal slip surface, which accommodates the majority of earthquake displacement, exhibits roughness at all scales following self‐affine fractal distributions. Here we explore the relationship between fault roughness and specific earthquake properties including coseismic slip distribution and hypocenter location based on long‐term simulations of earthquake catalogs on fractally rough faults. We begin by using the von Kármán autocorrelation function to procedurally generate single faults with different fractal roughness properties, which we place in a homogeneous elastic solid and apply pure right‐lateral shear at a constant back slip rate with the earthquake simulator RSQSim. Running the simulations for 10,000 years each, we generate millions of earthquakes including thousands of events with Mw > 6.0, which rupture the surface. We show that the patterns of surface rupture in these large events follow self‐affine fractal distributions with consistent fractal dimension related distinctly to the fractal dimension of the fault. In addition, the hypocenters of these large events occur in very specific predictable locations where the longest wavelength structure produces a stress asperity (i.e., restraining bend). The resulting patterns can explain many features observed on real fault systems, including clustered hypocenter locations, spatially variable coseismic slip distributions, and characteristic slip recurrence behavior. These results demonstrate a quantitative link between a directly measurable fault property—roughness—and the properties of future earthquakes.
Characteristics of Ground Motion Generated by Wind Interaction With Trees, Structures, and Other Surface Obstacles
Authors: Johnson Christopher W. , Meng Haoran , Vernon Frank , Ben‐Zion Yehuda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnalysis of continuous seismic waveforms from a temporary deployment at Sage Brush Flats on the San Jacinto fault reveals earthquake‐ and tremor‐like signals generated by the interaction of wind with obstacles above the surface. Tremor‐like waveforms are present at the site during wind velocities above 2 m/s, which occur for 70% of the deployment duration. The response to the wind has significant spatial variability with highest ground motions near large surface objects. The wind‐related signals show ground velocities that exceed the average ground motions of M1.0–1.5 earthquakes for 6–31% of the day. Waveform spectra indicate a modulation of amplitude that correlates with wind velocity and distance from local structures. Earthquake‐like signals are found to originate from local structures and vegetation, and are modified on length scales of tens of meters. Transient signals originating beyond the study area are also observed with amplitudes greater than some microseismic events. The wind‐related ground motions contribute to local high‐frequency seismic noise. Some of these signals may be associated with small failures of the subsurface material. During elevated wind conditions a borehole seismometer at a depth of 148 m shows increased energy in the 1–8‐Hz band that is commonly used for earthquake and tremor detection. The wind‐related earthquake‐ and tremor‐like signals should be accounted for in earthquake detection algorithms due to the similar features in both time and frequency domains. Proper recognition of wind‐related ground motions can contribute to understanding the composition of continuous seismic waveforms and characterize mechanical properties of the shallow crust.
Testing the Amplitude of the Deconvolution‐Based Ambient Field Green's Functions by 3‐D Simulations of Elastic Wave Propagation in Sedimentary Basins
Authors: Nie Shiying , Anthony David , Ma Shuo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe test the amplitude of deconvolution‐based ambient field Green's functions in 3‐D numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation. We first simulate strongly scattered waves in a hypothetical 3‐D sedimentary basin with small‐scale heterogeneities, which provides an ideally random environment to test various approaches of extracting the amplitude of Green's functions, as the deterministic station‐to‐station Green's functions can be computed in the given velocity structure. Our second model computes the station‐to‐station Green's functions in the Community Velocity Model (S4.26) for Southern California and compares them with the Green's functions extracted from 1 year of ambient noise data. In both models, remarkable waveform similarity among different Green's functions is obtained. In the hypothetical basin model where the wavefield is nearly random, both the correlation‐ and deconvolution‐based Green's functions contain robust amplitude information. However, large‐amplitude biases are observed in the Green's functions extracted from ambient noise in Southern California, showing a strong azimuthal dependence. The deconvolution approach in general overestimates the amplitude along the direction of noise propagation but underestimates it in other azimuths. The correlation approach with temporal normalization and spectral whitening generates similar amplitude to the deconvolution in a wide azimuthal range. Our results corroborate that the inhomogeneous distribution of noise sources biases the amplitude of Green's functions. Carefully reducing these biases is necessary to use these ambient field Green's functions in the virtual earthquake approach.
Role of the porous structure of the bioceramic scaffolds in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Zhen Wang , Jiang Chang , Feng Bai , Xiaojiang Sun , Jianxi Lu , Li Lin , Chen Lei , Rong Dai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe porous structure of biomaterials plays a critical role in improving the efficiency of biomaterials in tissue engineering. Here we fabricate successfully porous bioceramics with accurately controlled pore parameters, and investigate the effect of pore parameters on the mechanical property, the cell seeding proliferation and the vascularization of the scaffolds. This study shows that the porosity play an important role on the mechanical property of the scaffolds, which is affected not only by the macropores size, but also by the interconnections of the scaffolds. Larger pores are beneficial for cell growth in scaffolds. In contrast, the interconnections do not affect cell growth much. The interconnections appear to limit the number of blood vessels penatrating through adjacent pores, and both the pores size and interconnections can determine the size of blood vessels. The results may be referenced on the selective design of porous structure of biomaterials to meet the specificity of biological application.
Interaction of the TNFR-receptor associated factor TRAF1 with I-kappa B kinase 2 (IKK2, IKK-beta, IKBKB) and TRAF2 indicating a dose dependent regulatory function of TRAF1 for NF-kappa B signaling
Authors: Schmid Johannes , Birbach Andreas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIKK2 is one of the most crucial signaling kinases for activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B. Since many NF-kappa B activating pathways converge at the level of IKK2, we searched for interaction partners of this kinase using the C-terminal part (aa 466-756) as bait in a yeast two-hybrid system. We identified the N-terminal part (aa 1-228) of the TNF-receptor associated factor TRAF1 as putative interaction partner, which was subsequently confirmed in mammalian cells by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. However, this interaction seemed weaker than the interaction between TRAF1 and TRAF2, an important activating adapter molecule of NF-kappa B signaling indicating that relative levels of IKK2, TRAF1 and TRAF2 might be important for the final biological readout. Reporter gene and kinase assays using ectopic expression of TRAF1 indicated that it can have both activating and inhibiting functions for IKK2 and NF-kappa B. Co-expression of fluorescently tagged TRAF1 and TRAF2 at different ratios implied that TRAF1 can affect clustering and presumably the activating function of TRAF2 in a dose dependent manner.
Traditional wisdom confirmed by scientific research: Jatropha species from Mexico is non-toxic
Authors: Makkar Harinder , Kumar Vikas , Oyeleye Olubisi , Akinleye Akinwale Oluwasegun , Angulo-Escalante Miguel , Becker Klaus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe seeds of Jatropha platyphylla, available on the pacific coast from Sinaloa to Michoacán including the Nayarit and Jalisco states in Mexico, are consumed by local communities after roasting them in a manner similar to that used for peanuts. The kernels and kernel meal of J. platyphylla were found to be free of phorbol esters but the kernel meal contained antinutritional factors: trypsin inhibitor, lectins and phytate at levels similar to those in J. curcas kernel meal. However, trypsin inhibitor and lectins are heat labile so this explains why the local people can eat roasted seeds without ill effect. The fatty acid profile of J. platyphylla oil was similar to that of J. curcas and the kernels of both these species contained ca 58% oil. The crude protein content of J. platyphylla kernel meal was 75% against 60% in J. curcas, and the amino acid compositions were similar. All the essential amino acids, except lysine, were more abundant than, or comparable to those, in soybean meal or the FAO Reference protein.	Tilapia and other fish species have been found to be particularly sensitive to Jatropha toxins. For this reason they are useful subjects for bioassays. The heated J. platyphylla kernel meal was included in a standard diet (crude protein 36%) for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to replace 50% of the fish meal protein. The fish grew as well as those on a control diet in which none of the fish meal was replaced and those on a diet in which 50% of the fish meal protein was replaced by soybean meal. In all the three groups, blood biochemical parameters that serve as biomarkers for toxicity were within the normal ranges. This study confirmed the non-toxic nature of J. platyphylla.	The kernels and kernel meal of this species could help alleviate protein and energy deficiency in malnourished children in the lower mountain skirts of pacific coastal areas of Mexico. It could also be used to produce new cultivars with desirable traits using conventional inter species cross breeding and molecular breeding techniques.
Skin Typing and High Resolution MRI of Human Skin: Multiple Contrast Approach for Image Characterization
Authors: Sharma Rakesh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and objectives:
The ex vivo magnetic resonance microimaging (MRM) image characteristics are reported in human skin excised samples. Design and methods:Human excised skin samples were imaged using custom coil placed inside 500 MHz NMR imager for high resolution microimaging. Skin in vivo- and ex vivo MRI images were processed for characterization of different skin structures. Contiguous cross-sectional T1-weighted 3D spin echo MRI, T2-weighted 3D spin echo MRI and proton density images were compared with skin histopathology and NMR peaks. In all skin specimens, epidermis and dermis thickening and hair follicle size was measured using MRM. Results: Optimized TE and TR parameters and multicontrast enhancement generated better MRI visibility of different skin components. Within high MR signal regions near to custom coil, MRI images at short echo time were comparable with digitized histological sections for skin structures of epidermis, dermis, hair follicles in 6 (67%) of the 9 specimens from different age groups. Skin % tissue composition, measurement of epidermis, dermis, sebaceous gland and hair follicle size, skin NMR peaks were signatures of skin type. The image processing determined the dimensionality of skin tissue components and skin typing in different age groups. Conclusion: The ex vivo MRI images and histopathology of skin may measure the skin structures and skin NMR peaks with image processing may be tool for determining skin age typing and skin composition.