bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent validity and clinically relevant categories for the Dutch Central Sensitization Inventory in patients with chronic pain
Authors: van der Noord Robert , Paap Davy , van Wilgen Cornelis Paul 
Published: February 2018

The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a diagnostic tool, which assists the clinicians in the identification of signs of central sensitization (CS). Psychosocial factors contribute to the development and maintenance of signs of CS. But the relationship with the CSI is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the convergent validity for the Dutch CSI with CSS, depression, anxiety, widespread pain, catastrophizing, and pain intensity. The second aim is to determine clinically relevant categories for the Dutch CSI. In this cross‐sectional study, patients completed multiple questionnaires. Bivariate correlations were calculated and the Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance test was used. One‐hundred and ninety‐eighth patients were included. The CSI scores were strongly correlated with depression (rs = .67; p < .01), anxiety (rs = .65; p < .01), and CSS (rs = .51; p < .01). Moderate to strong relationships were found for the Widespread Pain Index (rs = .43; p < .01) and a low relationship with pain intensity (rs = .36; p < .01) and catastrophizing (rs = .39; p < .01). Four clinical relevant categories were identified: low 0–26 points, mild 27–39 points, moderate 40–52 points, and high 53+ points. This study provides a weak to strong association between the total score of the Dutch CSI and psychosocial factors, and presents clinically relevant categories for the Dutch CSI.
Seagrass‐associated fungal communities follow Wallace's line, but host genotype does not structure fungal community
Authors: Wainwright Benjamin J. , Zahn Geoffrey L. , Arlyza Irma S. , Amend Anthony S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo test whether or not fungal communities associated with the widespread seagrass, Syringodium isoetifolium can be differentiated on either side of Wallace's line, a boundary line separating Asian and Australasian fauna. Additionally, we examine whether host multilocus genotype predicts fungal community composition.LocationA total of 77 samples were collected from 14 sampling sites spanning the Indonesian archipelago.MethodsWe sequenced the fungal ITS1 gene using Illumia MiSeq technology and used a clustering‐free Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm to infer ribosomal sequence variants. Data were analysed via non‐metric multidimensional scaling, Mantel tests and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Binary and quantitative null models were used to determine whether results significantly deviated from random. Host genotype was determined by genotyping at 18 microsatellite loci and standard genetic analysis was performed in the R package APE.ResultsSignificant differences in fungal community composition were detected on either side of Wallace's line (p = <.001 R2 = .040). A significant distance decay of similarity pattern was observed between ribosomal sequence variants and geographical distance (p = .001 R2 = .227) and several fungal ribosomal sequence variants were significantly associated with sampling sites found either east or west of Wallace's line.Main conclusionsFungi are generally considered to have excellent dispersal potentials and marine fungi have the potential to disperse far and wide in an environment that has no obvious barriers to dispersal. Despite this assumed excellent dispersal potential, we show that fungal communities on either side of Wallace's line are significantly different from one another. We speculate that limited dispersal and differences in habitat type are responsible for the observed pattern. Work examining biogeographical patterns in marine fungi is still in its infancy and further research is required to fully understand marine fungal biogeography.
Comparative effectiveness of an angiotensin receptor blocker, olmesartan medoxomil, in older hypertensive patients
Authors: Redon Josep , Weber Michael A. , Reimitz Paul‐Egbert , Wang Ji‐Guang 
Published: February 2018

The efficacy and safety of olmesartan medoxomil (OM) vs active control (AC) monotherapy among elderly patients aged 60‐79 years (N = 4487) was evaluated by meta‐analysis (25 studies). In all patients, change from baseline to end point in blood pressure (BP) was significantly greater with OM vs AC (−19.5/−11.9 vs −16.8/−10.7 mm Hg). Greater proportions of OM‐ vs AC‐treated patients achieved BP goals. In patients with impaired renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2), OM treatment resulted in a greater mean change from baseline in systolic BP vs AC (−21.2 vs −18.7 mm Hg, respectively) and a greater proportion of patients achieving BP goals. These parameters were similar in both groups for elderly patients with diabetes. OM was well tolerated with few adverse events. OM monotherapy can be used as an initial treatment for hypertension in elderly patients, including those with renal impairment or diabetes.
Depression and anxiety symptoms during the transition to early adulthood for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Austin K. L. , Hunter M. , Gallagher E. , Campbell L. E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe transition to adulthood is a major developmental milestone; a time of self‐discovery and increased independence. For young adults (YA) with intellectual disabilities (ID), however, this period is especially challenging. The increased incidence of mental health disorders in this population, such as depression and anxiety, make this transition even more difficult, increasing caregiver burden at a time when the young adult would traditionally be gaining independence. It is not clear, however, why YA with ID are more susceptible and what factors may predict mental health symptoms.MethodPotential risk and protective factors (demographic variables, coping styles, sense of hopelessness, unmet achievement of adulthood milestones, self‐reflection and insight) of anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed in 55 YA with ID and a sample of age‐matched controls.ResultsInsight was the strongest predictor of anxiety (with gender in the controls) for YA with and without ID, with increased insight predicting fewer anxiety symptoms. However, YA with ID had significantly less insight than their aged‐matched counterparts and significantly higher levels of anxiety. They were also less likely to have achieved traditional adulthood milestones. Maladaptive coping was the strongest predictor of depression for YA with ID. In comparison, both maladaptive coping and insight predicted depression in controls. More maladaptive coping predicted increased depressive symptoms in both populations, whilst increased insight predicted fewer depressive symptoms in controls.ConclusionsInsight and maladaptive coping are potential targets in the treatment of anxiety and depression among YA with ID. Longitudinal intervention studies exploring the efficacy of such targeted programmes in reducing mental health symptoms and improving the transition to adulthood for these young people are recommended.
Heritability of the airway structure and head posture using twin study
Authors: Kang J.‐H. , Sung J. , Song Y.‐M. , Kim Y.‐H. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryInherited traits of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may have link to the heritability of the airway anatomy. The aim of this study was to investigate heritability of the airway anatomy by comparing skeletal and soft tissue features of Korean monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ). In total, 72 participants (mean age, 41.5 ± 5.9 years; 40 males, 32 females) including 48 MZ (24 pairs) and 24 DZ (12 pairs) with same sex were participated. The craniofacial, craniovertebral, hyoideal and pharyngeal parameters were measured using lateral cephalograms. The genetic analysis was performed using Falconer's method. High heritability was detected in the hyoid position and inclination of the cervical column. The velopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal dimensions showed higher heritability compared to those of the nasopharynx and oropharynx. The body mass index (BMI) had interactions with the nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal dimensions and length of the tongue and soft palate. The mandibular growth had correlations with the nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal dimensions. The vertical skeletal relationships appeared to have interaction with the nasopharyngeal, velopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal dimensions, as well as length of the tongue and soft palate. A forwarded inclination of the cervical columns was seen in connections with BMI and the nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal dimensions. The airway structures and head postures seemed to be under strong genetic controls. The airway dimensions had associations with BMI, head postures and skeletal structures which showed high heritability. Forwarded head postures would be physiological adaptations of compromised airway adequacy by increased BMI and retrognathia.
Supplementation of broiler diets with high levels of microbial protease and phytase enables partial replacement of commercial soybean meal with raw, full‐fat soybean
Authors: Erdaw M. M. , Perez‐Maldonado R. A. , Iji P. A. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryA 3 × 3 + 1 factorial, involving three levels of protease (0, 15,000 or 30,000 PROT/kg) and three levels of phytase (1,000, 2,000 or 3,000 FYT/kg), was used to evaluate the effect of replacing commercial soybean meal (SBM) with raw, full‐fat soybean (RFSB) at 75 g/kg of diet for broilers. A control diet was used for comparison. Each treatment was replicated six times, with nine birds per replicate. The concentration of trypsin inhibitors (TIs) in the test diets was approximately 10,193.4 TIU/kg. Regardless of enzyme supplementation, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) of birds in the control group were superior to those on the test diets. Birds that received the protease‐free test diets had reduced FI and BWG, but when supplemented with protease, were similar to the control diet in BWG, FI (except 0–35 days) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). When the test diet was supplemented with elevated levels (extradose) of protease and phytase, the BWG was improved during 0–10 days (p = .05) and 0–24 days (p < .01). Regardless of protease supplementation, the weight of thighs was lower for birds fed the test diets. Birds that received the control diet had smaller weight of pancreas. Increasing the level of phytase supplementation reduced (p < .05) the weight of the pancreas. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and AA was higher in birds on the control diets, but this was also improved in test diets by protease supplementation. The activities of trypsin (7%), general proteolytic (11%) and lipase (12%) were slightly increased because of protease supplementation. Mucosal depth and apparent villus surface areas were increased by about 2.9% and 20%, respectively, due to supplementation of elevated level of phytase. It can be concluded that RFSB could partially replace SBM in broiler diets, provided the diets are supplemented with elevated levels of protease and phytase.
Autism spectrum disorder and genetic testing: Parental perceptions and decision‐making
Authors: Hanish Alyson E. , Cohen Marlene Z. , Starr Lois J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeAdvances in genomic technology and research have led to genetic testing being recognized as an essential component of the etiological workup for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is a first‐tier diagnostic test for patients with ASD, as recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and other professional societies. An accurate underlying medical diagnosis for ASD has many potential benefits, including appropriate medical management, detailed therapeutic recommendations, and accurate recurrence risk. Genetic testing is relatively complicated, expensive, and, currently, in the majority of the cases, does not provide any organic improvement in the management of symptoms.Design and MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 20 parents to explore the decision‐making process of genetic testing from the perspectives and experiences of parents of children with ASD. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsParents had limited knowledge of genetic testing for ASD prior to a genetics clinic visit. The majority of the participants thought genetic testing would be beneficial for their child, their reproductive choices, and potential future generations.Practice ImplicationsVarious stakeholders (geneticists, primary care providers, nurses, and families) would benefit from future establishment of educational strategies to inform parental decision‐making regarding genetic testing for children with ASD.
Therapeutic antibiotic serum concentrations by two blood collection methods within the pediatric patient: A comparative effectiveness trial
Authors: Lichliter Royanne L. , Tremewan Lynea E. , Shonka Nicole M. , Mehnert Jennifer E. , Brennan Laney , Thrasher Jodi M. , Hernandez Teri L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRepeated venipunctures and fingersticks to confirm serum drug concentrations cause pain and dissatisfaction for pediatric patients and their families. In many organizations, the standard of care to obtain therapeutic serum drug concentrations by peripheral venipuncture or capillary fingerstick, even when the patient has an existing peripheral intravenous catheter (PIV) or central venous catheter (CVC). The primary objective of this study was to assess agreement between serum tobramycin/vancomycin concentrations collected from a CVC or PIV, versus venipuncture or fingerstick. Among hospitalized pediatric patients (age 3 months to 22 years), 36 paired blood samples were collected. Serum trough vancomycin and random tobramycin concentrations were compared between peripheral intravenous or CVC samples, and venipuncture or fingerstick samples within the same patient. A strict sampling protocol for obtaining the samples was followed, that included collection of the CVC/PIV sample before the venipuncture or fingerstick, less than 2 min between collections of samples from the different sites, and a strict volume‐based flush and waste protocol. Concordant correlation coefficients demonstrated substantial agreement between CVC/PIV and venipuncture/fingerstick concentrations for vancomycin (n = 17) and tobramycin (n = 19) (Rc = 0.982 for both). Bland–Altman analyses demonstrated good overall between‐method agreement within subjects and minimal bias. Consequently, using a lumen volume‐based flush and waste protocol, children with indwelling catheters may not require additional venipunctures and/or fingersticks for confirmation of drug concentrations while hospitalized, improving the quality of care and patient satisfaction.
Survey of Equine Referring Veterinarians' Satisfaction with Their Most Recent Equine Referral Experience
Authors: Best C. , Coe J.B. , Hewson J. , Meehan M. , Kelton D. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundLittle is known about the veterinary referral process and factors that contribute to positive outcomes.ObjectiveTo investigate equine referring veterinarians' (rDVMs') satisfaction with their most recent referral experience and compare rDVM and specialist perspectives.Sample187 rDVMs and 92 specialists (referral care providers).MethodsCross‐sectional observational study. An online survey was administered to both rDVMs and specialists. Referring veterinarian satisfaction with their most recent referral experience was evaluated. Both rDVMs and specialists were asked to identify factors influencing a rDVM's decision where to refer, and the top 3 factors they perceive are barriers to referral care.ResultsMedian rDVM satisfaction with their most recent referral care experience was 80 of 100 (mean, 75; range, 8–100). Referring veterinarians provided the lowest satisfaction score for the item asking about “The competition the referral hospital poses to your practice” (mean, 56.96; median, 62; range, 0–100). The top factor rDVMs identified as influencing their decision where to refer was “quality of care,” whereas specialists identified “quality of communication and updates from the clinician.” Referring veterinarians' top barrier to referral care was “high cost of referral care,” and for specialists was “poor service provided to the client by the referral hospital.”Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceReferring veterinarians generally were satisfied with referral care, but areas exist where rDVMs and specialists differ in what they view as important to the referral process. Exploring opportunities to overcome these differences is likely to support high quality care.
Association of fecal calprotectin concentrations with disease severity, response to treatment, and other biomarkers in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathies
Authors: Heilmann Romy M. , Berghoff Nora , Mansell Joanne , Grützner Niels , Parnell Nolie K. , Gurtner Corinne , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundCalprotectin is a marker of inflammation, but its clinical utility in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) is unknown.ObjectiveEvaluation of fecal calprotectin in dogs with biopsy‐confirmed CIE.Animals127 dogs.MethodsProspective case‐control study. Dogs were assigned a canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) score, and histologic lesions severity was assessed. Fecal calprotectin, fecal S100A12, and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Food‐ or antibiotic‐responsive cases (FRE/ARE, n = 13) were distinguished from steroid‐/immunosuppressant‐responsive or ‐refractory cases (SRE/IRE, n = 20). Clinical response to treatment in SRE/IRE dogs was classified as complete remission (CR), partial response (PR), or no response (NR).ResultsFecal calprotectin correlated with CCECAI (ρ = 0.27, P = .0065) and fecal S100A12 (ρ = 0.90, P < .0001), some inflammatory criteria, and cumulative inflammation scores, but not serum CRP (ρ = 0.16, P = .12). Dogs with SRE/IRE had higher fecal calprotectin concentrations (median: 2.0 μg/g) than FRE/ARE dogs (median: 1.4 μg/g), and within the SRE/IRE group, dogs with PR/NR had higher fecal calprotectin (median: 37.0 μg/g) than dogs with CR (median: 1.6 μg/g). However, both differences did not reach statistical significance (both P = .10). A fecal calprotectin ≥15.2 μg/g separated both groups with 80% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 28%‐100%) and 75% specificity (95%CI: 43%‐95%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFecal calprotectin could be a useful surrogate marker of disease severity in dogs with CIE, but larger longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate its utility in predicting the response to treatment.
Monitoring tropical forest ungulates using camera‐trap data
Authors: Gray T. N. E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTropical forest ungulates are poorly known and, despite their ecological and conservation significance, there are few studies on their density and abundance. I estimated densities of lesser oriental chevrotain Tragulus kanchil in the Southern Cardamom National Park, south‐west Cambodia using camera‐trap encounter rates and fitting a random encounter model (REM) that does not require individual identification of animals. This represents the first use of REM on forest ungulates in mainland tropical Asia and provides the first density estimate for any chevrotain species in mainland South East Asia. Sixty‐five camera‐trap stations generated 501 encounters of lesser oriental chevrotain across >8200 camera‐trap nights within a systematic random camera‐trap grid of 200 km2 in the Southern Cardamom National Park. Density of lesser oriental chevrotain was estimated at between 57 and 98 ( 81) individuals per km2. The random deployment of camera‐traps, a prerequisite of the REM, did not prevent the detection of the majority of ground‐dwelling large mammal species likely to be present in the study site. Despite its slow uptake by field conservationists, the REM may have potential for monitoring tropical ungulates particularly in dense evergreen forest where other methodologies, for example, distance‐based line transect sampling are unsuitable.
Drivers of in vivo bite performance in wild brown mouse lemurs and a comparison with the grey mouse lemur
Authors: Zablocki Thomas P. B. , Karanewsky C. J. , Pendleton J. L. , Aujard F. , Pouydebat E. , Herrel A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhysical performance is crucial for animal survival and fitness. In this context, greater bite forces can provide advantages and may allow an individual to gain access to reproductive partners and/or different food resources. Here, we explored the determinants of bite force in a wild population of the brown mouse lemur (Microcebus rufus). Our objectives were to elucidate (1) if sex, head width, heart rate (as an indicator of overall physical fitness) and body condition drive variation in bite force in this population of wild mouse lemurs; and (2) the relative importance of the ecological niche in determining bite force by comparing results from this wild population with previously published results on bite force, body mass and head width from a laboratory colony of the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). We captured 32 wild brown mouse lemurs at night in the Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar during the beginning of the rainy season from 1st to 31st October 2016. We measured bite force, heart rate, body mass and head width of all individuals, and assigned sex and body condition (estimated as the unstandardized residual of a regression of body mass against head size). Although maximum bite force was positively correlated with body mass, it was not correlated with body condition. Residual bite force was highly correlated with residual head width and heart rate. The mean bite force of wild brown mouse lemurs was much lower than that of grey mouse lemurs in captivity, but showed similar relationships to head dimension and body mass. Even when corrected by body condition, grey mouse lemurs bit significantly harder than brown mouse lemurs. The difference in bite force between species could be explained by differences in head size and niche divergence with brown mouse lemurs eating mostly soft fruits and grey mouse lemurs eating more hard insects.
Distinct clusters of stunted children in India: An observational study
Authors: Green Mark A. , Corsi Daniel J. , Mejía‐Guevara Ivan , Subramanian S. V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChildhood stunting is often conceptualised as a singular concept (i.e., stunted or not), and such an approach implies similarity in the experiences of children who are stunted. Furthermore, risk factors for stunting are often treated in isolation, and limited research has examined how multiple risk factors interact together. Our aim was to examine whether there are subgroups among stunted children, and if parental characteristics influence the likelihood of these subgroups among children. Children who were stunted were identified from the 2005–2006 Indian National Family Health Survey (n = 12,417). Latent class analysis was used to explore the existence of subgroups among stunted children by their social, demographic, and health characteristics. We examined whether parental characteristics predicted the likelihood of a child belonging to each latent class using a multinomial logit regression model. We found there to be 5 distinct groups of stunted children; “poor, older, and poor health‐related outcomes,” “poor, young, and poorest health‐related outcomes,” “poor with mixed health‐related outcomes,” “wealthy and good health‐related outcomes,” and “typical traits.” Both mother and father's educational attainment, body mass index, and height were important predictors of class membership. Our findings demonstrate evidence that there is heterogeneity of the risk factors and behaviours among children who are stunted. It suggests that stunting is not a singular concept; rather, there are multiple experiences represented by our “types” of stunting. Adopting a multidimensional approach to conceptualising stunting may be important for improving the design and targeting of interventions for managing stunting.