bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OUTPUT CONTINGENT SECURITIES AND EFFICIENT INVESTMENT BY FIRMS
Authors: Braido Luis H. B. , Martins‐da‐Rocha V. Filipe 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe analyze competitive economies with risky investments. Unlike the classic Arrow–Debreu framing, firms and agents cannot contract upon the exogenous states underlying production risks. They can trade equities and any security written on the endogenous aggregate output. This financial structure is rich enough to promote efficient risk sharing among consumers. However, markets are incomplete from the production perspective, and the absence of prices for each primitive state of nature raises the question about the objective of firms. We show that output‐contingent asset prices convey sufficient information to compute the competitive shareholder value that leads to efficient investment by firms.
Ferrochromium slag as a protective coating material against oxidation for caster rolls
Authors: Kucuk Yilmaz , Oge Mecit , Gok Mustafa Sabri , Karaoglanli Abdullah Cahit 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this study, ferrochromium (FeCr) slag, which is available as an industrial waste, is proposed as a protective surface coating material particularly for protection of continuous casting rolls against oxidation. FeCr slag was successfully deposited with atmospheric plasma spray (APS) method. Before the coating process, FeCr slag powder prepared in the particle size range of 5‐38 μm, was investigated using conventional characterization methods (XRD, SEM, TGA etc.). Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) system was used as a basis for deposition processes. Accordingly, NiCoCrAlY (Amdry, −45 + 5 μm) was firstly deposited as metallic bond coat layer onto the surface of AISI 420 substrate, and then FeCr slag layer was deposited as the top coating layer. After the deposition of FeCr slag powder, the resulting coating layer was found to have low porosity with a homogeneous microstructure. The deposited FeCr slag coatings were subjected to isothermal oxidation tests at different temperatures and test durations for determination of their oxidation behavior and upper operating temperature limits. The results obtained from this study indicate that FeCr slag can be considered as an alternative protective coating material for caster rolls which are subjected to high temperatures up to 800°C.
Clinical and molecular features of treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Akamatsu Shusuke , Inoue Takahiro , Ogawa Osamu , Gleave Martin E 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTreatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer is a lethal form of prostate cancer that emerges in the later stages of castration‐resistant prostate cancer treatment. Treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer transdifferentiates from adenocarcinoma as an adaptive response to androgen receptor pathway inhibition. The incidence of treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer has been rising due to the increasing use of potent androgen receptor pathway inhibitors. Typically, treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer is characterized by either low or absent androgen receptor expression, small cell carcinoma morphology and expression of neuroendocrine markers. Clinically, it manifests with predominantly visceral or lytic bone metastases, bulky tumor masses, low prostate‐specific antigen levels or a short response duration to androgen deprivation therapy. Furthermore, although the tumor initially responds to platinum‐based chemotherapy, the duration of the response is short. Based on the poor prognosis, it is imperative to identify novel molecular targets for treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Recent advances in genomic and molecular research, supported by novel in vivo models, have identified some of the key molecular characteristics of treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer. The gain of MYCN and AURKA oncogenes, along with the loss of tumor suppressor genes TP53 and RB1 are key genomic alterations associated with treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Androgen receptor repressed genes, such as BRN2 and PEG10, are also necessary for treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer. These genetic changes converge on pathways upregulating genes, such as SOX2 and EZH2, that facilitate lineage plasticity and neuroendocrine differentiation. As a result, on potent androgen receptor pathway inhibition, castration‐resistant prostate cancer transdifferentiates to treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer in a clonally divergent manner. Further understanding of the disease biology is required to develop novel drugs and biomarkers that would help treat this aggressive prostate cancer variant.
Effect of graphite content on properties of B4C‐W2B5 ceramic composites by in situ reaction of B‐Gr‐WC
Authors: Pan Deng , Li Shufeng , Zhang Xin , Pan Bo , Zhou Shengyin , Fu Yabo , Kondoh Katsuyoshi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStrip‐shaped W2B5 reinforced B4C ceramic composites were prepared via in situ reaction of boron(B)‐graphite(Gr)‐WC system by powder metallurgy (P/M). In order to study the effect of the graphite content on the properties of the as‐fabricated ceramic composites, the powder mixture of B‐Gr‐WC with various amounts of Gr powder were blended and consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The sintering parameters were shown as following: sintering pressure was set as 30 MPa; The three‐step sintering temperature was 1100‐1550‐1700°C and the duration time was set as 5‐5‐6 minutes, respectively. In situ formed strip‐shaped W2B5 particles were dispersed homogeneously in B4C matrix, which resulted in a remarkable improvement on the fracture toughness and mechanical properties. Appropriate 5vol% residual Gr in the composite shows positive effect on the mechanical properties which achieved an optimal counter‐balance of fracture toughness and hardness, the relative density was 99.8%, the Vickers hardness can reach 30.2 GPa, and the fracture toughness was 11.9 MPa·m1/2 when the sintering temperature was set at 1700°C.
Sensitive skin in France: a study on prevalence, relationship with age and skin type and impact on quality of life
Authors: Misery L. , Jourdan E. , Huet F. , Brenaut E. , Cadars B. , Virassamynaïk S. , Sayag M. , Taieb C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundMany epidemiological studies have been performed, but a potential increase in the prevalence of sensitive skin, its relationship with age and skin type and the impact of sensitive skin on quality of life are still debated.ObjectiveTo answer these unresolved questions.MethodsAn opinion poll was conducted on a representative French 5000 person sample.ResultsFifty‐nine per cent of the people declared very sensitive or fairly sensitive skin (together: sensitive skin), and women (66%) declared sensitive skin more frequently than men (51.9%). The results also showed that sensitive skin is more common (more than 60%) in younger people (<35 years old), and there was a decrease in the following age groups. The univariate analysis demonstrated that sensitive skin was more likely to be reported by people with fair skin (OR = 1.83) and by people with an atopic predisposition (OR = 2.51). The risk of sensitive skin is higher for people with dry skin (OR = 6.18 compared with normal skin), but sensitive skin can occur in other skin types (OR = 2.45 for mixed skin and OR = 2.16 for greasy skin). Quality of life was clearly altered in patients with sensitive skin, as assessed by SF‐12 and DLQI.ConclusionThis large study demonstrates that sensitive skin can alter quality of life and is more common in young people and in women as well as patients with dry skin or fair skin or an atopic predisposition. It also suggests that there is an increase in the prevalence of sensitive skin.
Morphology, Morphogenesis, and Molecular Phylogeny of a New Soil Ciliate, Sterkiella multicirrata sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) from China
Authors: Li Fengchao , Li Yanbo , Luo Dan , Miao Miao , Shao Chen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe morphology and morphogenesis of a new soil hypotrich ciliate, Sterkiella multicirrata sp. nov., was investigated using live observation and protargol staining. The new species is characterised by: body elliptical, 110–180 × 45–75 μm in vivo, an average of 35 adoral membranelles; usually 19 frontoventral‐transverse cirri, consisting of three frontal, five frontoventral, one buccal, four postoral ventral, two pretransverse, and four transverse cirri; four macronuclear nodules, and 2–5 micronuclei. S. multicirrata sp. nov. differs from its congeners mainly in the number of frontoventral‐transverse cirri and macronuclear nodules. Morphogenesis of the new species is similar to its congeners; the primary difference exists in the segmentation of the frontoventral‐transverse cirral anlagen, which is usually generated in a 1:2:3:3:5:5 pattern. Based on the small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence, the phylogenetic position of the new species is discussed.
Experiences of giving and receiving care in traumatic brain injury: An integrative review
Authors: Kivunja Stephen , River Jo , Gullick Janice 
Published: February 2018

Aims and objectivesTo synthesise the literature on the experiences of giving or receiving care for traumatic brain injury for people with traumatic brain injury, their family members and nurses in hospital and rehabilitation settings.BackgroundTraumatic brain injury represents a major source of physical, social and economic burden. In the hospital setting, people with traumatic brain injury feel excluded from decision‐making processes and perceive impatient care. Families describe inadequate information and support for psychological distress. Nurses find the care of people with traumatic brain injury challenging particularly when experiencing heavy workloads. To date, a contemporary synthesis of the literature on people with traumatic brain injury, family and nurse experiences of traumatic brain injury care has not been conducted.DesignIntegrative literature review.MethodsA systematic search strategy guided by the PRISMA statement was conducted in CINAHL, PubMed, Proquest, EMBASE and Google Scholar. Whittemore and Knafl's (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52, 2005, 546) integrative review framework guided data reduction, data display, data comparison and conclusion verification.ResultsAcross the three participant categories (people with traumatic brain injury/family members/nurses) and sixteen subcategories, six cross‐cutting themes emerged: seeking personhood, navigating challenging behaviour, valuing skills and competence, struggling with changed family responsibilities, maintaining productive partnerships and reflecting on workplace culture.ConclusionsTraumatic brain injury creates changes in physical, cognitive and emotional function that challenge known ways of being in the world for people. This alters relationship dynamics within families and requires a specific skill set among nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceRecommendations include the following: (i) formal inclusion of people with traumatic brain injury and families in care planning, (ii) routine risk screening for falls and challenging behaviour to ensure that controls are based on accurate assessment, (iii) formal orientation and training for novice nurses in the management of challenging behaviour, (iv) professional case management to guide access to services and funding and (v) personal skill development to optimise family functioning.
Effects of perioperative warm socks‐wearing in maintaining core body temperature of patients undergoing spinal surgery
Authors: Lee Hui Yeon , Kim Gaeun , Shin Yeonghee 
Published: February 2018

Aims and objectivesTo investigate whether warming the feet with socks would prevent hypothermia among patients undergoing spinal surgery.BackgroundPerioperative hypothermia is a common health problem among spinal surgery patients.Research designThis study used a quasi‐experimental design.MethodsSeventy‐two patients were assigned to two groups. The control group (n = 36) received usual care without the warmed socks. The intervention group (n = 36) received usual care plus warmed socks during operation and recovery period. Data were collected during (180 min) and after the surgery (30 min) during the period of 7 February–10 April 2015. Core body temperature, shivering response and subjective thermal comfort of the two groups were compared over time using the repeated‐measures ANOVA.ResultsThe oesophageal temperature of the socks‐wearing group was maintained between 36.36–36.45°C during surgery (mean = 36.41 ± 0.03, 95% CI = 36.34–36.47), whereas that of the control was between 35.75–35.97°C (mean = 35.98 ± 0.03, 95% CI = 35.92–36.04). The tympanic temperature in the recovery room of the socks‐wearing group was between 36.28–36.38°C (mean = 36.37 ± 0.04, 95% CI = 36.29–36.45) and that of the control group was 35.90–36.04°C (mean = 35.95 ± 0.04, 95% CI = 35.88–36.05). Shivering response of the intervention group (mean = 0.04 ± 0.08, 95% CI = −0.13 to 0.21) was significantly lower than that of the control group (mean = 0.47 ± 0.08, 95% CI = 0.30–0.64) in the recovery room (F = 4.28, p < .001). As for subjective thermal comfort, the intervention group (mean = 4.86 ± 0.13, 95% CI = 4.62–5.13) was significantly lower than that of the control group (mean = 3.08 ± 0.13, 95% CI = 2.82–3.33) in the recovery room (F = 98.13, p < .001). As for the frequency of pethidine medication, the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control (χ2 = 5.14, p = .023).ConclusionThe use of perioperative warmed socks for spinal surgery patients was effective in maintaining perioperative core temperature, preventing shivering and maintaining subjective thermal comfort.Relevance to clinical practiceConsidering cost‐effectiveness of warmed socks, it might be worth trying option for the maintenance of core temperature in spinal surgery patients.
The impact of care practices and health demographics on the prevalence of skin tears and pressure injuries in aged care
Authors: Brimelow Rachel E , Wollin Judy A 
Published: February 2018

Aims and objectivesTo determine whether differences in care practices and demographics between two long‐term aged care facilities affected the incidence of residents’ skin wounds.MethodsA retrospective analysis of care plans and clinical outcomes was conducted for a 6‐month period in 2016 at two aged care facilities, N = 39 Home 1 and N = 45 Home 2. Skin tears, pressure injuries and usual care practices and associated health demographics were recorded.ResultsOver the 6‐month period, 84 residents were found to have a total of 206 aged care acquired skin wounds (skin tears, pressure injuries, haematomas, rashes, infections). The frequency of skin tears or total wounds did not differ between the homes. Several factors were identified that influenced the skin wounds. A reduction in skin tears was associated with the use of heel protectors and antiembolic stockings, whilst a diagnosis of vascular dementia was associated with increased prevalence of skin wounds. Pressure injuries were significantly higher at Home 2. Increased use of strategies to moderate‐risk activities, such as tray tables and bed rails, and impaired cognitive function were associated with higher pressure injury prevalence.ConclusionA number of care factors and health demographics influenced the rate of skin wounds. A holistic approach to skin management is needed.Relevance to clinical practicePractices, such as repositioning and skin hygiene, are well known to reduce the incidence of pressure injuries and skin tears; however, there are other care practices that take place in homes as part of usual care that also impact skin wounds that have been largely ignored. This study highlights those care practices, as well as resident characteristics and comorbidities that may increase the risk of skin wounds, requiring further monitoring/mitigating strategies.
Is Fraud Contagious? Coworker Influence on Misconduct by Financial Advisors
Authors: DIMMOCK STEPHEN G. , GERKEN WILLIAM C. , GRAHAM NATHANIEL P. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTUsing a novel data set of U.S. financial advisors that includes individuals' employment histories and misconduct records, we show that coworkers influence an individual's propensity to commit financial misconduct. We identify coworkers' effect on misconduct using changes in coworkers caused by mergers of financial advisory firms. The tests include merger‐firm fixed effects to exploit the variation in changes to coworkers across branches of the same firm. The probability of an advisor committing misconduct increases if his new coworkers, encountered in the merger, have a history of misconduct. This effect is stronger between demographically similar coworkers.
Host genetic factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: A systematic review
Authors: Walker A. J. , Peacock C. J. , Pedergnana V. ,   STOP‐HCV Consortium, Irving W. L. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected patients are at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Individuals at heightened risk could be targeted by intensive follow‐up surveillance. We have conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify host genetic predisposition to HCC in HCV‐infected patients. A comprehensive search of Medline and Embase databases was performed, and the strength of evidence of associations for each gene on development of HCC was evaluated. We identified 166 relevant studies, relating to 137 different genes, or combinations thereof. Seventeen genes were classified as having “good” evidence of an association, a significant association was observed for 37 genes but this finding had not yet been replicated, 56 genes had mixed or limited evidence of an association, and 27 genes showed no association. IFNL3/4, TNF‐α and PNPLA3 genes had the most evidence of an association. There was, however, considerable heterogeneity in study design and data quality. In conclusion, we identified a number of genes with evidence of association with HCC, but also a need for more standardized approaches to address this clinically critical question. It is important to consider the underlying mechanism of these relationships and which are confounded by the presence of other HCC risk factors and response to therapy. We also identified many genes where the evidence of association is contradictory or requires replication, as well as a number where associations have been studied but no evidence found. These findings should help to direct future studies on host genetic predisposition to HCC in HCV‐infected patients.
Differential virus‐specific CD8+ T‐cell epitope repertoire in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 versus 4
Authors: Luxenburger Hendrik , Graß Franziska , Baermann Janina , Boettler Tobias , Marget Matthias , Emmerich Florian , Panning Marcus , Thimme Robert , Nitschke Katja , Neumann‐Haefelin Christoph 
Published: February 2018

SummaryVirus‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses play an important role in the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To date, most HCV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell epitopes have been defined in HCV genotype 1 infection. In contrast, the HCV genotype 4‐specific CD8+ T‐cell response is poorly defined. Here, we analysed whether known HCV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell epitopes are also recognized in HCV genotype 4‐infected patients and set out to identify the first HCV genotype 4‐specific CD8+ T‐cell epitopes. We studied patients chronically infected with HCV genotype 1 (n = 20) or 4 (n = 21) using 91 well‐described HCV‐specific epitope peptides. In addition, we analysed 24 genotype 4‐infected patients using 40 epitope candidates predicted using an in silico approach. HCV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses targeting previously described epitopes were detectable in the majority of genotype 1‐infected patients (11 of 20). In contrast, patients infected with HCV genotype 4 rarely targeted these epitopes (4 of 21; P = .0247). Importantly, we were able to identify eight novel HCV genotype 4‐specific CD8+ T‐cell epitopes. Only one of these epitopes was shared between genotype 1 and genotype 4. These results indicate that there is little overlap between CD8+ T‐cell repertoires targeting HCV genotype 1 and 4. Prophylactic vaccination studies based on HCV genotype 1 are currently underway. However, in countries with the highest prevalence of HCV infection, such as Egypt, most patients are infected with HCV genotype 4. Thus, prophylactic vaccination strategies need to be adapted to HCV genotype 4 before their application to regions where HCV genotype 4 is endemic.
Functional diversity differently shapes growth resilience to drought for co‐existing pine species
Authors: Granda Elena , Gazol Antonio , Camarero Jesús Julio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the differences in tree growth and resilience in response to extreme droughts between three co‐existing pine tree species? Are growth–resilience components more influenced by intrinsic (age, tree height) or extrinsic factors (mass effects or functional diversity of the neighbourhood)? Is the tree's vulnerability to drought buffered by the functional diversity of the surrounding plant community?LocationMediterranean forest, northeast Spain.MethodsTrees from three co‐existing pine species with different drought tolerances (Aleppo pine – Pinus halepensis Mill.; Black pine – Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco; Scots pine – Pinus sylvestris L.) were sampled. The average age of the studed pines was ~30 years. Radial growth from 1980 to 2015 was measured and the pines’ responses to the most severe recent droughts (2005 and 2012) were studied by relating different growth resilience components (Rt, resistance; Rc, recovery; RRs, relative resilience) with intrinsic (age and height) and extrinsic factors of the neighbouring community around each tree. The considered extrinsic factors were CWM and niche complementarity of tree (height), leaf (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content) and wood (wood specific gravity) traits. The way in which these factors affected growth resilience to drought was assessed.ResultsFor the whole study period we found lower growth of Scots pine than Aleppo pine, but similar resilience components (except for higher Rt in 2005 for the former species). Despite each drought year resulting in distinct responses, the growth resilience to drought was mostly dependent on tree age for Aleppo pine, while functional diversity modulated a high percentage of the resilience variance of Scots pine. Black pine had an intermediate strategy. CWM explained, in general, less variance of the resilience components than functional diversity.ConclusionsThe positive effect of surrounding functional diversity on Scots pine could be related to a greater resistance to drought, likely due to improved resource acquisition favouring its performance at the dry limit of its distribution area. Intrinsic tree features, mass effects and functional diversity differently shape growth resilience to different droughts for co‐existing tree species.