bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Drug‐Drug Interaction Study Assessing a Novel Drug Transporter Phenotyping Cocktail With Adefovir, Sitagliptin, Metformin, Pitavastatin, and Digoxin
Authors: Trueck Christina , Hsin Chih‐hsuan , Scherf‐Clavel Oliver , Schaeffeler Elke , Lenssen Rebekka , Gazzaz Malaz , Gersie Marleen , Taubert Max , Quasdorff Maria , Schwab Matthias , Kinzig Martina , Sörgel Fritz , Stoffel Marc S. , Fuhr Uwe 
Published: June 2019

A new probe drug cocktail containing substrates of important drug transporters was tested for mutual interactions in a clinical trial. The cocktail consisted of (predominant transporter; primary phenotyping metric): 10 mg adefovir‐dipivoxil (OAT1; renal clearance (CLR)), 100 mg sitagliptin (OAT3; CLR), 500 mg metformin (several renal transporters; CLR), 2 mg pitavastatin (OATP1B1; clearance/F), and 0.5 mg digoxin (intestinal P‐gp, renal P‐gp, and OATP4C1; peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and CLR). Using a randomized six‐period, open change‐over design, single oral doses were administrated either concomitantly or separately to 24 healthy male and female volunteers. Phenotyping metrics were evaluated by noncompartmental analysis and compared between periods by the standard average bioequivalence approach (boundaries for ratios 0.80–1.25). Primary metrics supported the absence of relevant interactions, whereas secondary metrics suggested that mainly adefovir was a victim of minor drug‐drug interactions (DDIs). All drugs were well tolerated. This cocktail may be another useful tool to assess transporter‐based DDIs in vivo.
Is sustainability a moving target? A methodology for measuring CSR dynamics
Authors: Zeisel Stefan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSustainability is a subject that is constantly evolving. This article develops a quantitative methodology to measure the dynamics of sustainability topics based on corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. This methodology is then used to analyse the dynamics of sustainability over 5 years (2011 vs. 2016) of the largest publicly traded German companies. Studying the CSR reports over time reveals that CSR is often very dynamic at the company level but less so within a sector or overall. Environmental dynamics therefore challenge companies to focus on the right CSR topics. Some companies fare better than others in this dynamic environment. Furthermore, first insights for managing sustainability dynamics are discussed.
Risk of malignancy and neoplasia predicted by three molecular testing platforms in indeterminate thyroid nodules on fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Partyka Kristen L. , Trevino Karen , Randolph Melissa L. , Cramer Harvey , Wu Howard H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe management of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology is challenging. Recently, molecular testing on fine‐needle aspirates (FNAs) has been advocated to determine whether clinical follow‐up or surgery is warranted for patients. Three different testing platforms were performed on aspirates from our institution (Afirma Thyroid FNA Analysis, RosettaGX Reveal, and Interpace ThyGenX/ThyraMIR). This study compares their diagnostic efficacy.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective analysis of indeterminate thyroid FNAs with correlating molecular testing over 4 years (2015‐2018). The aspirates included diagnoses of follicular lesion of undetermined significance, follicular neoplasm, or suspicious for malignancy (SM). Based on cases that underwent surgical resection (Afirma, n = 37; Rosetta, n = 19; Interpace, n = 14), we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for risk of malignancy and neoplasia.RESULTSThe three tests performed similarly when predicting risk of malignancy. They showed high sensitivity (80‐100%) and NPV (90‐100%) but lower specificity (10‐64%) and PPV (21‐44%). When assessing their value to predict neoplasia, each test had a high PPV (76‐89%) but low NPV (20‐33%). The sensitivity for neoplasm was intermediate to high (50‐93%), and the specificity remained extremely variable (11‐67%).CONCLUSIONOverall, these molecular platforms performed similarly, displaying high NPV but low to intermediate PPV for malignancy and low NPV but high PPV for neoplasm. The risk of neoplasm is a good index for surgery, and we argue that many of the neoplasms are low‐risk tumors. We endorse conservative treatment with lobectomy for cases that are indeterminate at FNA but suspicious by molecular testing.
Manipulating social information to promote frugivory by birds on a Hawaiian Island
Authors: MacDonald S. E. , Ward M. P. , Sperry J. H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAnimals across a range of taxa use social information when foraging. Fruit‐eating vertebrates are no exception and use social information to find fruit, which may ultimately affect plant populations via seed dispersal. In many systems, mutualistic relationships between fruiting plants and frugivores are critical to maintain ecosystem functioning, especially in the tropics. On the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii, USA, all native, fruit‐eating birds are extinct and several plant species are experiencing reduced recruitment likely due to a lack of seed dispersal. Over the years, numerous bird species, many of which are frugivorous, have been introduced to the island. Yet, introduced birds may not recognize native fruits as a resource and social information may be needed for introduced frugivores to target and feed on native fruits. We investigated whether social information, in the form of broadcasted bird vocalizations, of introduced birds could increase visitations and more importantly frugivory on focal fruiting plants. We also tested whether the visitation rates of introduced bird species to focal plants were influenced by conspecific and/or heterospecific vocalizations. We conducted 80 playback experiments at native and introduced fruiting plants, and compared responses to silent control periods. Four times as many frugivores were detected and 10 times more frugivory events were recorded at plants with broadcasted vocalizations compared to control periods. The Japanese White‐eye (Zosterops japonicus) exhibited the strongest response to both conspecific and heterospecific playbacks. White‐eyes also consumed the most fruit from the widest array of plant species during trials. Introduced birds that use social information and readily identify novel resources may more effectively colonize new areas. We suggest that the White‐eye's use of social information may help to support their robust population on Oʻahu. Ecosystems throughout the world are affected by the loss of mutualistic relationships, many of which provide valuable ecological services. As humans continue to modify environments, novel conservation approaches may be required to maintain important ecological functions. The use of social information to facilitate frugivory may not only be important in Hawaii, but in other tropical systems where key frugivorous species are lost or abundances have been reduced.
Electric Vehicles Charging Optimization to Improve the Insertion Considering the Brazilian Regulatory Framework
Authors: Bitencourt Leonardo de A. , Borba Bruno S. M. C. , Dias Bruno H. , Maciel Renan S. , Dias Daniel H. N. , Oliveira Leonardo W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElectric vehicles (EV) charging can impact the electrical grid by causing voltage imbalance, power quality disturbances, and transformer overloading. Nonetheless, price signals at coordinated charging are capable of performing energy management and mitigating the negative effects of EV charging. This may, therefore, stimulate the EVs to charge during the period of lower energy consumption. In this context, this work aims to analyze the electric vehicle charging impact on distribution transformer loading, considering smart meter real data. For the analysis, this paper creates scenarios considering two seasons of the year (summer and winter seasons); the real time pricing and time of use electric charging tariffs; and the uncoordinated and coordinated vehicle charge control methods. The results of this study also support the elaboration of public policies proposals for the transport sector in order to encourage investment in the area of electric mobility.
Exposure to male-dominated environments during development influences sperm sex ratios at sexual maturity
Authors: Lavoie Misha D. , Tedeschi Jamie N. , Garcia-Gonzalez Francisco , Firman Renée C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDifferent stages during development are important when it comes to phenotypic adjustments in response to external stimuli. Critical stages in mammals are the prenatal phase, where embryos are exposed to a milieu of sex steroid hormones, and the early-postnatal phase, where littermates interact and experience their incipient social environment. Further, the postmaternal environment will influence the development of traits that are linked to reproductive success in adulthood. Accumulated evidence of male-driven sex allocation establishes the currently untested hypothesis that the sperm sex ratio is a plastic trait that can be mediated to align with prevailing social conditions. Here, we used natural variation in the maternal environment and experimentally manipulated the postmaternal environment to identify the importance of these developmental phases on sperm sex ratio adjustments in wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus). We found that male density in both environments was predictive of sperm sex ratios at sexual maturity: males from more male-biased litters and males maturing under high male density produced elevated levels of Y-chromosome-bearing sperm. Our findings indicate that the sperm sex ratio is a variable phenotypic trait that responds to the external environment, and highlight the potential that these adjustments function as a mechanism of male-driven sex allocation.
Price discovery in commodity derivatives: Speculation or hedging?
Authors: Bohmann Marc J. M. , Michayluk David , Patel Vinay 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe investigate whether commodity futures or options markets play a more important role in the price discovery process in the six most actively traded markets: crude oil, natural gas, gold, silver, corn, and soybeans. Using new information leadership techniques, we report new evidence and report that both markets make a meaningful contribution to price discovery in recent times; however, on average, options lead futures in reflecting new information for a majority of these commodities. We find that increased speculation, rather than hedging activity, in commodity derivatives is a key determinant of price discovery in the options markets.
Effectiveness of an in‐home respite care program to support informal dementia caregivers: A comparative study
Authors: Vandepitte Sophie , Putman Koen , Van Den Noortgate Nele , Verhaeghe Sofie , Annemans Lieven 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesDementia is a major public health problem with important physical, psychosocial, emotional, and financial consequences for patients, their caregivers, and society. Since patients prefer to be managed at home, extensive research has been conducted into effectiveness of psychosocial interventions to support informal caregivers. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an in‐home respite care program.MethodsIn a prospective quasi‐experimental study, 99 dyads who received an in‐home respite care program were compared at 6 months post‐baseline, with 99 matched dyads receiving standard dementia care. Additionally, the short‐term effect of the program was evaluated 14 to 15 days post‐intervention. The primary outcome was caregiver burden. The secondary outcomes were: desire to institutionalize the patient, caregiver quality of life, and frequency and impact of behavioral problems. Mixed model analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of the intervention.ResultsAfter 6 months, no significant difference on caregiver burden was observed, but intervention group caregivers had a significant lower desire to institutionalize the patient compared with control group caregivers (adj.diff = −0.51; p = .02). Shortly after the program, intervention group caregivers also had a significant lower role strain (adj.diff = 0.75; p = .05), and a lower burden on social and family life (adj.diff = 0.55; p = .05) compared with baseline.ConclusionsThis study was the first comparative study to investigate effectiveness of an in‐home respite care program to support informal caregivers of persons with dementia. The results partly confirm earlier positive findings from explorative studies.
ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELL
Authors: Margulis Lynn 
Published: June 2019

Summary of SymposiumThe following papers and abstracts represent a symposium held on 11 August 1973 at the First International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology (ICSEB), Boulder, Colorado:Introduction, by Lynn MargulisI. Evolutionary significance of cell division phenomena in Protistsa. Nonphotosynthetic Protists, by Karl Grellb. Photosynthetic Protists, by Jeremy Pickett‐HeapsII. Implications and extensions of the serial endosymbiosis theory of the origin of eukaryotes, by F. J. R. TaylorIII. Two billion years of prokaryotic cells and the emergence of eukaryotes, by Elso S. BarghoornIV. How many are the kingdoms of organisms?, by Gordon F. Leedale
III. TWO BILLION YEARS OF PROKARYOTIC CELLS AND THE EMERGENCE OF EUKARYOTES
Authors: Barghoorn Elso S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA brief resumé will be made of the earliest evidence of cells and cellular organization from carbonaceous sediments of the early Precambrian of South Africa and Rhodesia.It is proposed to make a brief synopsis of the general level of morphological organization by the middle of Precambrian time at about the midpoint in the history of the earth, centering the discussion on the microbiota of the Gunflint chert as an example of a “benchmark” in the level of evolution of life at approximately 2 times 109 years ago.With the assumption that the Gunflint biota is composed solely of prokaryotic organisms it is of interest to examine subsequent Precambrian fossil assemblages with a view to evaluating critically the evidence presented in recent years for the appearance of eukaryotic organisms in the late Precambrian. In this connection, various aspects of cell clumping, lysis and laboratory controlled silicification of blue‐green algal cells will be considered.
6. COMPARATIVE SEROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Fairbrothers D. E. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryProtein extracts from Aralidium and 23 species belonging to the families Araliaceae, Cornaceae, Garryaceae, Griseliniaceae, Nyssaceae, Saxifragaceae, and Umbelliferae were used as antigens to test with Aralidium antisera in Ouchterlony, Boyden, immunoelectrophoresis, and rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE) experiments. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis, a recently developed and sensitive serological technique, was the only technique which produced precipitins (rockets) in cross‐reacting experiments with any species, and then only those belonging to the Cornaceae and Nyssaceae. Therefore, based on antigenic protein information Aralidium should be treated as a monotypic genus in the family Aralidiaceae which has distant relationship, first with the Cornaceae and secondly, even more distant relationship, with the Nyssaceae. No protein similarity was detected between Aralidium and any of the other species tested. RIE proved to be a very valuable technique for use in plant systematic serological research.
PALLAS'S BUCKTHORN AND TWO AND A HALF CENTURIES 3F NEGLECTED BINOMIALS
Authors: Mabberley D. J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAn examination of European botanic garden ephemera has revealed over 250 overlooked binomials applied to vascular plants. Besides some 23 changes in authority, there are changes in names: Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & Mey. becomes R. erythroxyhides Hoffmanns, in which two subspecific combinations are proposed; Potentilla fulgens Wall, ex Hook, is antedated by P. lineata Trev.; Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze is T. latifolia (Roxb. ex Hornern.) Honda; Tillandsia maxima Lillo & Hauman becomes T. australis Mez; new combinations are proposed in Encyclia and Miscanthus and a new name in Crinum. There will probably have to be changes in Rabdosia, Rotala and Triumfetta and possibly in Arenaria, Calceolaria, Crinum, Croton, Flaveria, Haageocereus, Helianthus and Pinus, while some names in Achillea, Acrostichum, Betonica, Carex, Cnicus, Commelina, Eclipta, Iris, Pandanus, Pelargonium, Phyteuma, Pothos, Rhus, Silene and Verbascum remain to be disposed of and Leucas lavandulifolia Sm. is restored.
WARNING AGAINST MISINTERPRETING THE RULE ON “NON‐LINNEAN” WORKS (ART. 23.6(c))
Authors: Greuter Werner 
Published: June 2019

SummaryContrary to what has been asserted in a recent paper, the works of Asso, Aublet, Grimm, and Forsskâl remain sources of valid binomials and are not to be rejected as “non‐Linnean,” although the latter's ‘Flora aegyptiaco‐arabica’ poses indeed some problems yet to be resolved. The second sentence of Art. 23.6(c) is inappropriate and misleading, and should better be deleted.
ORIGIN AND SIGNIFICANCE OF TRIMEROUS FLOWERS
Authors: Kubitzki Klaus 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe purpose of this note is to bring into focus the morphological and evolutionary relationship between spiral anthotaxy and pentamerous, trimerous and dimerous whorls. The trimerous as well as the pentamerous condition has its morphological and evolutionary origin in spiral anthotaxy, and slight morphogenetic changes are responsible for the switch from spiral to whorled anthotaxy, the latter including pentamery, trimery, and rarely dimery. A pentamerous whorl is considered to be morphologically equivalent to two alternating trimerous or dimerous whorls. The transition from spiral to whorled anthotaxy is documented in several extant families of the Ranalean complex and must have taken place in parallel in various—albeit related—evolutionary lines. Except for its predominance in the monocotyledons and frequent occurrence in the Ranalean families trimery is relatively rare in other dicotyledons, and its morphogenetic origin may be different in these two major groups. It is proposed that trimery is a morphological constraint, which offers only very limited possibilities for meristic variation, with no return to pentamery or spiral anthotaxy possible.
WILL WE EVER ACHIEVE STABILITY OF NOMENCLATURE?
Authors: Brummitt R. K. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryLong‐term ideas for achieving greater stability of names of plants are reviewed. It is suggested that lists of recommended names covering the whole flora of the world, which would take precedence over any names not so listed, might become an attractive proposition in the future. However, this would not solve problems arising from typification difficulties, which might currently be responsible for about half the upsets of established names.
MORE VALIDLY PUBLISHED NAMES FROM A. W. DENNSTEDT'S KEY TO RHEEDE'S HORTUS INDICUS MALABARICUS
Authors: Kanis A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryManitz (1968) stated that 42 species names have been validly published in Dennstedt's “Schlüssel” (1818), but that another 48 names are to be regarded as “nomina nuda”. It is argued here that an additional 14 species names are validly published, shifting the balance to 56 compared with 34 nomina nuda. Although no generic names were validly published by Dennstedt himself, 3 were validated by others and 4 were applied subsequently to other taxa, whereas 2 of his genera were renamed by Rafinesque.
NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON SALPICHROA (SOLANACEAE)
Authors: Perry G. , McNeill J. 
Published: June 2019

SummarySalpichroma Miers is not an orthographic variant of Salpichroa Miers but nomenclaturally distinct, though superfluous and illegitimate when published. Salpichroa origanifolia is shown to be the correct name for the weed, cock's eggs, to which the name S. rhomboidea has been applied. The correct citation is S. origanifolia (Lam.) Thell.
LECTOTYPIFICATION OF KOHAUTIA NAGPORENSIS (RUBIACEAE)
Authors: Sharma V. S. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA lectotype is designated for Kohautia nagporensis (Brace ex Haines) Santapau et Merch. (based on Oldenlandia nagporensis Brace ex Haines), a taxon listed in Flora British India by Hooker f. (1880) as O.? senegalensis Hiern. The history and nomenclature of this rare little‐known Indian species are discussed.
Herbarium of Józef Jundziłł (1794‐1877)
Authors: Köhler Piotr 
Published: June 2019

SummaryKöhler, Piotr: Herbarium of Józef Jundziłł (1794‐1877). – Taxon 46: 365‐366. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The herbarium of Józef Jundziłł stored at KRAM (Kraków, Poland) has been studied, and data from this study have been published in a 154‐page book. Locality information is available for 1584 of the 7318 specimens, including collections by J. Jundziłł, J. G. Forster, W. Besser, A. von Humboldt, and Count A. Chreptowicz.
Southern African herbaria and Red Data Lists
Authors: Golding Janice S. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryGolding, J. S.: Southern African herbaria and Red Data Lists. – Taxon 50: 593–602. 2001. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The southern African region is facing a major information backlog with regard to compiling plant Red Data Lists. This article examines the need for synergising these attempts by enlisting the aid of herbaria. It focuses on integrating ongoing Red Data List work with herbarium activities, with particular emphasis on the network of southern African herbaria. It is proposed that herbaria adopt a means to code specimens with a known or suspected Red Data List status. This practical suggestion presents one way in which southern African herbaria can adopt a more proactive stance towards threatened plant and other conservation‐related issues to help overcome this information backlog. The southern African region has much to do, if it is to emulate the international Red Data List status quo, and herbaria are at the centre of this.
Clinical Evaluation of Melorheostosis in the Context of a Natural History Clinical Study
Authors: Jha Smita , Cowen Edward W , Lehky Tanya J , Alter Katharine , Flynn Lauren , Reynolds James C , Lange Eileen , Katz James D , Marini Joan C , Siegel Richard M , Bhattacharyya Timothy 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTMelorheostosis is a rare dysostosis involving cortical bone overgrowth that affects the appendicular skeleton. Patients present with pain, deformities, contractures, range of motion limitation(s), and limb swelling. It has been described in children as well as adults. We recently identified somatic mosaicism for gain‐of‐function mutations in MAP2K1 in patients with melorheostosis. Despite these advances in genetic understanding, there are no effective therapies or clinical guidelines to help clinicians and patients in disease management. In a study to better characterize the clinical and genetic aspects of the disease, we recruited 30 adults with a radiographic appearance of melorheostosis and corresponding increased uptake on 18F‐NaF positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. Patients underwent physical exam, imaging studies, and laboratory assessment. All patients underwent nerve conduction studies and ultrasound imaging of the nerve in the anatomic distribution of melorheostosis. We found sensory deficits in approximately 77% of patients, with evidence of focal nerve entrapment in five patients. All patients reported pain; 53% of patients had changes in skin overlying the affected bone. No significant laboratory abnormalities were noted. Our findings suggest that patients with melorheostosis may benefit from a multidisciplinary team of dermatologists, neurologists, orthopedic surgeons, pain and palliative care specialists, and physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists. Future studies focused on disease management are needed. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.