bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resident Perspectives on the Current State of Diversity in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Khan Nickalus R. , Taylor Charles M. , Rialon Kristy L. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Diversity continues to be an important topic to physicians in training.

Objective
We set out to define current issues related to diversity in graduate medical education; explore these topics with a multispecialty group of current residents and fellows; and identify programmatic, institutional, and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education actions to support diversity in the medical profession.

Methods
A 35-member, multispecialty council of residents and fellows used a World Café diversity and inclusion exercise to highlight current issues related to diversity.

Results
Several common issues in diversity were identified, including microaggressions, team member relationships, underrepresentation of workplace discrimination, and tolerance of unacceptable behavior to conform to workplace norms. Suggestions and methods to improve these diversity issues were also proposed.

Conclusions
As trainees, we must continue to implement strategies and policies that allow us to embrace diversity in our workplace and community for our patients and ourselves. Only with the continued support of residency and institutional leadership can we improve the state of diversity in our training programs.
O novo regime fiscal brasileiro e a democracia: interpretações sobre uma incompatibilidade
Authors: Mata Machado Tavares Francisco , Vitor Garcia Ramos Pedro 
Published: February 2019

A política fiscal contracionista mais severa da história recente do capitalismo, quiçá a maior já proposta nahistória da humanidade, toma forma no cenário brasileiro em dezembro de 2016. A Emenda Constitucional 95legisla sobre os gastos públicos, impedindo a crescença dos gastos destinados às despesas primárias durantevinte anos e excluindo do debate a restrição do aumento concernente aos juros da dívida pública e à rolagemdesta. Além disso, essa emenda não contempla as empresas estatais não dependentes, responsáveis poraumentar o passivo da União sem controle dos principais órgãos de manutenção do orçamento público. Sobum prisma teórico, o quadro acima pode ser lido a partir das lentes de Schumpeter (1991), que antevira o fim doEstado-Tributo ainda em 1918, quadro que parece efetivar-se nos dias atuais, sob as crises fiscais em diversospaíses do mundo. Estaríamos, possivelmente, sob um cenário que Colin Crouch (2004) definiu como pósdemocracia,também com intuito de mostrar os efeitos negativos que a política fiscal contracionista apresentaem relação aos regimes democráticos atuais. Sob o contexto histórico em que se discute globalmente a relaçãoentre as políticas econômicas aplicadas após a crise de 2008 e as consequências ao Estado democrático,suscita-se a seguinte pergunta: o novo Regime Fiscal Brasileiro, ao reduzir o provimento de direitos humanosfundamentais e a capacidade estatal do governo brasileiro, aumenta uma potencialidade redutora sobre osníveis de democracia fiscal (Habermas, 1998; Tilly, 2007)?
Palavras-chave: Democracia, austeridade, Índice de democracia fiscal, Regime fiscal
O profissional de enfermagem e sua percepção sobre absenteísmo
Authors: Silva Furlan Jussara Aparecida da , Stancato Katia , José Gomes Campos Claudinei , Maria Silva Eliete 
Published: February 2019

O absenteísmo na enfermagem é situação de difícil resolução nas organizações de saúde, reconhecida como multifatorial e complexa. Este trabalho analisou a percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem de um Hospital Universitário sobre o absenteísmo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa transversal, norteada por duas questões: “Quais são as consequências do absenteísmo dos profissionais de enfermagem?”, e “Que atitudes podem ser adotadas para diminuir o absenteísmo entre os membros da equipe de enfermagem?”. Os resultados foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os participantes consideram que o absenteísmo se relaciona com a sobrecarga, o comprometimento da assistência e a perda de benefícios, propondo como estratégias para minimizá-lo: melhores condições de trabalho, motivação e incentivos. Com base nesse estudo,evidencia-se que o absenteísmo constitui um sério fator de imprevisibilidade para a organização, provocado pelo comportamento humano, sendo associado ao clima e a satisfação organizacional.
Relação de longo prazo entre os preços da carne bovina: evidências empíricas
Authors: Santos Heberth Duarte dos , Silva Neto Waldemiro Alcantara 
Published: February 2019

Tendo como pano de fundo a importância da pecuária de corte bovina na formação do Produto Interno Bruto do Estado de Goiás, este estudo tem como objetivos: analisar a existência de relação de longo prazo entre os diferentes níveis de preço da carne bovina em Goiás e demonstrar e analisar o sentido da causalidade entre os preços, seu processo de transmissão e medir as elasticidades-preço da carne. Os resultados revelaram que não há, neste período, relação de longo prazo entre os preços analisados e que o varejista pode estar se apropriando das altas nos preços da demanda.
Regulamentação de barragens em projetos para geração de energia elétrica e a gestão de risco
Authors: Stephani Silva Iocca Luciana 
Published: February 2019

A população brasileira tem crescido a uma taxa média de 4% ao ano (IBGE, 2017) e com ela a demanda por geração de energia elétrica. No contexto brasileiro, a produção de energia de origem hidrelétrica vem sendo ampliada, diante de seu menor potencial poluidor e tendo em vista o melhor aproveitamento da capacidade hídrica do país, destacando-se o estado de Mato Grosso, reconhecido como o “estado das águas”, tendo em vista que possui em seu território as nascentes de cursos d’agua que compõem importantes bacias hidrográficas. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar como os fatores de risco, associados as barragens em projetos para geração de energia elétrica de matriz hídrica, vêm sendo avaliados no estado de Mato Grosso e qual a legislação disposta para a gestão dos riscos e segurança de barragens. A metodologia centra-se na análise da legislação nacional e estadual e no estudo de caso, essencialmente dirigida a análise do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental e do parecer técnico a respeito do Relatório de Impacto Ambiental da Usina Hidrelétrica – UHE Sinop. O estudo permite concluir que é ainda recente a regulamentação de barragens no estado de Mato Grosso, havendo insuficiência de recursos materiais e humanos para a fiscalização e monitoramento da implementação dos Planos de Barragem, impactando na efetiva gestão dos riscos provenientes destes empreendimentos.
Abstract
The Brazilian population has grown at an average rate of 4% per year (IBGE, 2017) and with the demand for electricity generation. In the Brazilian context, hydroelectric power generation has been expanded due to lower polluting potential and with a view to better utilization of the country's water capacity, especially the state of Mato Grosso, recognized as the "state of the water ", Considering that it has in its territory springs of water courses that compose an important hydrographic basins. In this context, the present study had as objective to analyze how the risk factors, associated to the dams in projects for generation of electric energy of hydric matrix, have been evaluated in the state of Mato Grosso and what the legislation is prepared for the management of risks and security of dams. The methodology focuses on the analysis of the national and state legislation and the case study, essentially directed to the analysis of the Environmental Impact Study and the technical opinion regarding the Environmental Impact Report of the HPP Sinop Hydroelectric Power Plant. The study concludes that the regulation of dams in the state of Mato Grosso is still recent, with insufficient material and human resources for monitoring and monitoring the implementation of the Dam Plans, impacting on the effective management of the risks arising from these projects.
Foucault e a “discursividade” do Direito Penal contemporâneo
Authors: Gusso Luana De Carvalho Silva , Gusso Rodrigo Bueno 
Published: February 2019

O artigo versa realiza uma discussão teórica sobre a “discursividade” do direito penal a partir do olhar de Michel Foucault em seu texto “Eu, Pierre Rivière, que degolei minha mãe, minha irmã e meu irmão... um caso de parricídio do século XIX”. Nesse sentido, aborda as diferentes estratégias ou mecânicas punitivas que se estabelecem na modernidade, desde "mecânica legal" da organização jurídica, da Idade Média, estabelecida pelo "princípio da soberania" e "da gládio", até o momento histórico em que cedeu espaço para a emergência de uma nova organização política. Uma organização não mais pautada pela possibilidade de dominação e total disposição dos corpos-súditos, mas sim, na política de rejeição ao absolutismo do poder monárquico com a nova formação da ideia do contrato social, ou seja, na determinação dos limites do poder soberano. Sob o discurso da "humanização" do direito de punir, afastou-se o direito de morte do soberano, mas agora, sob a égide, não menos perversa, do direito de exclusão. Esses fenômenos de transformação inauguram uma nova era, onde o controle penal como mecanismo de exclusão social, seus discursos e práticas, perpetua até os dias atuais. Assim, busca-se, mediante uma revisão de literatura bibliográfica, possibilitar uma análise dos micropoderes normalizadores desse novo contexto de poder, no nível relacional das práticas diárias, lentamente desenvolvida pelas normas disciplinadoras, que se interessa mais pela produção (ou controle) da vida do que na sua repressão. Nessa linha, o exemplo do texto de Pierre Rivière é marcante para uma reflexão sobre como o direito penal pode ser mobilizado por diferentes estratégias de saber e de poder, promovendo diferentes modelos de uso do corpo humano a serviço de estratégias de poder.
Assessments of the Growth Rate of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) and its distribution in Mongolian Altai Mountain Range
Authors: P Battulga , J Tsogtbaatar , S Gerelbaatar 
Published: February 2019

The Mongolian Altai mountain range stretches from east to west for more than 800 kilometers, and its forest cover is considered the southwestern boundary of the distribution of Mongolian forests and is characterized by a unique combination of high-mountain and desert ecosystems. Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) is one of the main forest-forming tree species in the Mongolian Altai and covers 112.0 thousand ha of area and is distributed at an altitude of 2300 to 2700 m a.s.l. In this study, we attempted a comparative study of tree growth rates in larch forests, which are associated with four different altitudinal zones in the Mongolian Altai, aimed at determinining the lower and upper limits of forest distribution in this region. We used the natural quantitative indicators in this study.
We carried out the diameter growth rate analyses on 15 model tree samples taken from the Mongolian Altai and 4 samples from Central Khangai regions. All the trees were divided into fast-growing and slow-growing. The results of the assessments showed that 60 percent of the studied forests belonged to slow-growing forests. Slowest growth rate was observed in the forests of Khan Taishir and Khar Azarga mountains, which are the southernmost tip of conifer forest distribution in Mongolia.
For the first time in Mongolia we observed that the upper limit of larch forests reached up to 2700 m a.s.l. Such slow rate of tree growth in larch forests is the result of the existing harsh continental climate, aridity, and high altitudinal distribution in the Mongolian Altai. Our findings can become the scientific basis for the development of a sustainable forest management plan in the forests of the Mongol Altai, taking into account the different growth rate between stands.
Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene sequence of Mongolian wild boars
Authors: Khamit Ali , Gun-Aajav Bayarmaa , Dashzeveg Oyuntsetseg , Batsuuri Shinebayar , Shiikhar Enkhmaa , D Bayarlkhagva 
Published: February 2019

Specimens of Mongolian wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Arkhangai, Dornod, Zavkhan, Orkhon, Ovorkhangai, Selenge, Tuv, Khovd, Khuvsgul and Uvs aimags (provinces) were subjected to DNA sequencing. Determined sequences from 18 specimens were registered into the GenBank and accession numbers were obtained. In this study mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequences of Mongolian wild boars were analyzed with 36 complete sequences of 12S rRNA gene of wild boar (Sus scrofa) available at NCBI GenBank. Sequence alignment, detection of parsimonious informative sites, model selection, calculation of nucleotide distances and tree construction with 1000 bootstrapped replications were conducted using MEGA 6. Maximum likelihood trees were constructed by the HKY model. A maximum likelihood tree with 53 complete sequences of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene of Sus scrofa was constructed. Mongolian sequences from the same and adjacent locations were clustered together.
European sequences were clustered together, additionally two sequences from south western China and two sequences from south eastern China were also clustered. Additionally, 12S rRNA gene sequences of Mongolian Sus scrofa, located between Asian and European sequences suggesting geographical location of Mongolia, played an important role in the gene flow between Asian and European wild boar population.
Responses of Phaseolus calcaltus to lime and biochar application in an acid soil
Authors: Yao Luhua , Yu Xiangyu , Huang Lei , Zhang Xuefeng , Wang Dengke , Zhao Xiao , Li Yang , He Zhibin , Kang Lin , Li Xiaoting , Liu Dan , Xiao Qianlin , Guo Yanjun 
Published: February 2019

Introduction
Rice bean (Phaseolus calcaltus), as an annual summer legume, is always subjected to acid soils in tropical to subtropical regions, limiting its growth and nodulation. However, little is known about its responses to lime and biochar addition, the two in improving soil fertility in acid soils.

Materials and Methods
In the current study, a pot experiment was conducted using rice bean on a sandy yellow soil (Orthic Acrisol) with a pH of 5.5. The experiment included three lime rates (0, 0.75 and 1.5 g kg−1) and three biochar rates (0, 5 and 10 g kg−1). The biochar was produced from aboveground parts of Solanum tuberosum using a home-made device with temperature of pyrolysis about 500 °C.

Results and Discussion
The results indicated that both lime and biochar could reduce soil exchange Al concentration, increase soil pH and the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen, and enhance urease and dehydrogenase activities, benefiting P. calcaltus growth and nodulation in acid soils. Lime application did decrease the concentrations of soil available phosphorus (AP) and alkali dispelled nitrogen (AN), whereas biochar application increased the concentrations of soil AP, AN and available potassium (AK). However, sole biochar application could not achieve as much yield increase as lime application did. High lime rate (1.5 g lime kg−1) incorporated with low biochar rate (5 g biochar kg−1) could obtain higher shoot biomass, nutrient uptake, and nodule number when compared with high lime rate and high biochar rate.

Conclusion
Lime incorporated with biochar application could achieve optimum improvement for P. calcaltus growing in acid soils when compared with sole lime or biochar addition.
Low Vision Aids: Visual Outcomes and Barriers in Children with Low Vision
Authors: Venkataramanan V. R. , Karanam Sairani , Konana Vinaya Kumar , Potti Sudhakar , Harsha Netra , Shruthi S. 
Published: February 2019

Aims:
To study the demographic profile, cause of low vision, visual outcome and the barriers in using low vision aids (LVA).

Design:
Prospective observational clinical study.

Methods:
This study was performed on 50 children aged 10-17 years who attended LVA clinic. Unaided, best corrected acuity was assessed using ETDRS chart for distance and Bailey – Lovie chart for near. For distance tasks, telescopes were tried and for near tasks, magnifiers and high plus glasses were tried, improvement in vision was noted. Reasons for not purchasing low vision aids were noted.

Results:
Reading black board was the most common first priority in 31 (62%) children. Reading small and medium prints was the most common second priority in 30 (60%) children. Outdoor games (n=14, 28%) was the most common third priority of low vision children. Macular dystrophy (42%) was the major cause of low vision. With LVA, 64% of children could improve to log MAR 0.5 or better for distance and 44 (88%) children could read N6 to N12. Out of 24 children who did not purchase LVA, cost (n=7) and cosmetic blemish (n=7) were main barriers.

Conclusion:
There was significant improvement in both near and distance visual acuity with LVA. There is a need for LVA to be made available free of cost for the under privileged and for the devices to be made more cosmetically acceptable. Preventable cause for low vision can be eliminated by creating awareness in public.
The Hiphive Package for the Extraction of High‐Order Force Constants by Machine Learning
Authors: Eriksson Fredrik , Fransson Erik , Erhart Paul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe efficient extraction of force constants (FCs) is crucial for the analysis of many thermodynamic materials properties. Approaches based on the systematic enumeration of finite differences scale poorly with system size and can rarely extend beyond third order when input data is obtained from first‐principles calculations. Methods based on parameter fitting in the spirit of interatomic potentials, on the other hand, can extract FC parameters from semi‐random configurations of high information density and advanced regularized regression methods can recover physical solutions from a limited amount of data. Here, the hiphive Python package, that enables the construction of force constant models up to arbitrary order is presented. hiphive exploits crystal symmetries to reduce the number of free parameters and then employs advanced machine learning algorithms to extract the force constants. Depending on the problem at hand, both over and underdetermined systems are handled efficiently. The FCs can be subsequently analyzed directly and or be used to carry out, for example, molecular dynamics simulations. The utility of this approach is demonstrated via several examples including ideal and defective monolayers of MoS2 as well as bulk nickel.
Quantitative genetic analyses of postcanine morphological crown variation
Authors: Stojanowski Christopher M. , Paul Kathleen S. , Seidel Andrew C. , Duncan William N. , Guatelli‐Steinberg Debbie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis article presents estimates of narrow‐sense heritability and bivariate genetic correlation for 14 tooth crown morphological variants scored on permanent premolars, first molars, and second molars. The objective is to inform data collection and analytical practices in dental biodistance and to provide insights on the development of molar crowns as integrated structures.Materials and MethodsAfrican American dental casts from the Menegaz‐Bock collection were recorded for the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. Estimates of narrow‐sense heritability and genetic correlation were generated using SOLAR v.8.1.1, which included assessment of age, sex, and birth year as covariates. Both continuous scale and dichotomized estimates are provided.ResultsHeritability estimates were nonsignificant for the majority of variables; however, for variables yielding significant estimates, values were moderate to high in magnitude and comparable to previous studies. Comparing left and right‐side heritability estimates suggests directional asymmetry in the expression of environmental variance, something not seen in anterior tooth traits. Genetic correlations were moderate among antimeres and metameres and low for different traits scored on the same tooth crown. Although several negative correlations were noted, few reached statistical significance. Results affirm some of the current data cleaning and analytical practices in dental biodistance, but others are called into question. These include the pooling of males and females and combining left and right‐side data into a single dataset.ConclusionsIn comparison to anterior tooth crown traits, postcanine heritabilities were more often non‐significant; however, those traits with significant heritability also tended to produce higher estimates. Genetic correlations were unremarkable, in part, because they were underpowered. However, M1 results may provide insight into the complex relationship between genes, environment, and development in determining ultimate crown form.
The impact of race and insurance status on baseline histopathology profile in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kuhar Hannah N. , Ganti Ashwin , Eggerstedt Michael , Mahdavinia Mahboobeh , Gattuso Paolo , Ghai Ritu , Batra Pete S. , Tajudeen Bobby A. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease process characterized by different phenotypes and histopathology profiles. Race and access to care have been implicated in CRS disease severity. Structural histopathology reporting may aid in delineating the inflammatory burden responsible for this effect.MethodsA structured histopathology report of 14 variables was utilized to assess sinus tissue removed during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Histopathology variables and 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores were compared by race (Black, White, Latino, and Asian) and insurance status (Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance).ResultsA total of 201 CRS patients (124 White, 38 Black, 28 Latino, and 9 Asian) undergoing FESS were included. Black patients demonstrated increased SNOT‐22 scores (50.74 ± 20.32 vs 41.47 ± 22.75, p < 0.022) and number of eosinophils per high‐power field (>5/HPF) (60.5% vs 44.8%, p < 0.05). White patients demonstrated decreased eosinophil aggregates (22.6% vs 35.1%, p < 0.039) and eosinophils/HPF (<5/HPF) (42.7% vs 55.8%, p < 0.048). Medicaid patients showed increased SNOT‐22 score (55.50 ± 24.46 vs 41.39 ± 21.74, p < 0.003), polypoid disease (61.5% vs 42.3%, p < 0.05), subepithelial edema (80.8% vs 53.1%, p < 0.006), hyperplastic/papillary changes (23.1% vs 8.0%, p < 0.028), fibrosis (61.5% vs 38.5%, p < 0.036), eosinophil aggregates (46.2% vs 24.6%, p < 0.022), and eosinophils/HPF (>5/HPF) (65.4% vs 45.1%, p < 0.043). When controlling for insurance status, Black race was no longer associated with increased SNOT‐22 (p < 0.104) or eosinophils/HPF (>5/HPF) (p < 0.183).ConclusionBlack and Medicaid patients demonstrated more severe disease by histopathology and SNOT‐22 scores. These findings were no longer significant among Black patients after adjusting for insurance status, suggesting that the prevailing factor influencing worse disease may be access to care.
Electronic Structure and Electromagnetic Properties for 2D Electromagnetic Functional Materials in Gigahertz Frequency
Authors: Cao Mao‐Sheng , Shu Jin‐Cheng , Wang Xi‐Xi , Wang Xin , Zhang Min , Yang Hui‐Jing , Fang Xiao‐Yong , Yuan Jie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials exhibit massive potential for research and development in the scientific world due to the unique electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Particularly, they have received intensive attentions in the microwave absorption (MA) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Herein, the structure and electronic state of 2D materials are examined systematically, and the origination of electromagnetic (EM) response is shown, including electron transport, dipole relaxation, magnetic resonance, and eddy current. Furthermore, the latest research progress of 2D materials in EM field is introduced, and the application prospect and limitation are highlighted.