bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subglacial and ice‐marginal landforms in south‐central Ontario: implications for ice‐sheet reconfiguration during deglaciation
Authors: Mulligan Riley P. M. , Eyles Carolyn H. , Marich Andrea S. 
Published: April 2019

Regional‐scale, high‐resolution terrain data permit the study of landforms across south‐central Ontario, where the bed of the former Laurentide Ice Sheet is well exposed and passes downflow from irregular topography on Precambrian Shield highlands to flat‐lying Palaeozoic carbonate bedrock, and thick (50 to >200 m) unconsolidated sediment substrates. Rock drumlins and megagrooves are eroded into bedrock and mega‐scale glacial lineations (MSGL) occur on patchy streamlined till residuals in the Algonquin Highlands. Downflow, MSGL pass into juxtaposed rock and drift drumlins on Palaeozoic bedrock and predominantly till‐cored drumlins in areas of thick drift. The Lake Simcoe Moraines, now traceable for more than 80 km across the Peterborough drumlin field (PDF), form a distinct morphological boundary: downflow of the moraine system, drumlins are larger, broader and show no indication of subsequent reworking by the ice, whereas upflow of the moraines, a higher degree of complexity in bedform pattern and morphology is distinguished. Discrete radial and/or cross‐cutting flowset terminate at subtle till‐cored moraine ridges downflow of local topographic lows, indicating multiple phases of late‐stage ice flow with strong local topographic steering. More regional‐scale flow switching is evident as NW‐orientated bedforms modify drumlins south of the Oak Ridges Moraine, and radial flowset emanate from areas within the St. Lawrence and Ottawa River valleys. Most of the drumlins in the PDF formed during an early, regional drumlinization phase of NE–SW flow that followed the deposition of a thick regional till sheet. These were subsequently modified by local‐scale, topographically controlled flows that terminate at till‐cored moraines, providing evidence that the superimposed bedforms record dynamic ice (re)advances throughout the deglaciation of south‐central Ontario. The patterns and relationships of glacial landform distribution and characteristics in south‐central Ontario hold significance for many modern and palaeo‐ice sheets, where similar downflow changes in bed topography and substrate lithology are observed.
HLA-E: exploiting pathogen-host interactions for vaccine development
Authors: Sharpe H R , Bowyer G , Brackenridge S , Lambe T 
Published: April 2019

SummaryViruses, when used as vectors for vaccine antigen delivery, can induce strong cellular and humoral responses against target epitopes. Recent work by Hansen et al. describes the use of a cytomegalovirus-vectored vaccine, which is able to generate a stable effector-memory T cell population at the sites of vaccination in rhesus macaques. This vaccine, targeted towards multiple epitopes in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), did not induce classical CD8+ T cells. However, non-canonical CD8+ T cell induction occurred via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and MHC-E. The MHC-E-restricted T cells could recognize broad epitopes across the SIV peptides, and conferred protection against viral challenge to 55% of vaccinated macaques. The human homologue, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E, is now being targeted as a new avenue for vaccine development. In humans, HLA-E is an unusually oligomorphic class Ib MHC molecule, in comparison to highly polymorphic MHC class Ia. Whereas MHC class Ia presents peptides derived from pathogens to T cells, HLA-E classically binds defined leader peptides from class Ia MHC peptides and down-regulates NK cell cytolytic activity when presented on the cell surface. HLA-E can also restrict non-canonical CD8+ T cells during natural infection with various pathogens, although the extent to which they are involved in pathogen control is mostly unknown. In this review, an overview is provided of HLA-E and its ability to interact with NK cells and non-canonical T cells. Also discussed are the unforeseen beneficial effects of vaccination, including trained immunity of NK cells from bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, and the broad restriction of non-canonical CD8+ T cells by cytomegalovirus (CMV)-vectored vaccines in pre-clinical trials.
Understanding complex drivers of wildlife crime to design effective conservation interventions
Authors: Travers Henry , Archer Lucy J. , Mwedde Geoffrey , Roe Dilys , Baker Julia , Plumptre Andrew J. , Rwetsiba Aggrey , Milner‐Gulland E.J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn conservation understanding the drivers of behavior and developing robust interventions to promote behavioral change is challenging and requires a multifaceted approach. This is particularly true for efforts to address illegal wildlife use, where pervasive—and sometimes simplistic—narratives often obscure complex realities. We used an indirect questioning approach, the unmatched count technique, to investigate the drivers and prevalence of wildlife crime in communities surrounding 2 national parks in Uganda and combined scenario interviews and a choice experiment to predict the performance of potential interventions designed to tackle these crimes. Although poverty is often assumed to be a key driver of wildlife crime, we found that better‐off households and those subject to human–wildlife conflict and those that do not receive any benefits from the parks’ tourism revenue sharing were more likely to be involved in certain types of wildlife crime, especially illegal hunting. The interventions predicted to have the greatest impact on reducing local participation in wildlife crime were those that directly addressed the drivers including, mitigating damage caused by wildlife and generating financial benefits for park‐adjacent households. Our triangulated approach provided insights into complex and hard‐to‐access behaviors and highlighted the importance of going beyond single‐driver narratives.
Multiperiod Stochastic Resource Planning in Professional Services Organizations
Authors: Solomon Stanislaus , Li Haitao , Womer Keith , Santos Cipriano 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTResource planning (RP) in a professional service organization matches workforce resources with project tasks while considering a myriad of factors such as skill requirements, service delivery role, skill type, workforce proficiency level, and geographical location. The multiperiod stochastic resource planning studied in this article extends the one‐period deterministic resource planning by explicitly coping with both internal resource attrition and project demand uncertainty in a sequential decision‐making framework. It allows resource managers to make effective use of their internal resources and identify the need to outsource to external contingent resources. We model the multiperiod stochastic resource planning as a Markov decision process and implement an approximate dynamic programming algorithm to obtain dynamic and adaptive solutions in reasonable computation times. A comprehensive computational study shows that our approximate dynamic programming algorithm achieves higher profitability and internal resource utilization compared to the rolling horizon approach used as a benchmark.
Can producer services boost manufacturing growth? Evidence from China's de‐regulation
Authors: Zou Jingxian , Shen Guangjun , Chen Yuxian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe impact of producer services on manufacturing growth has long been disputed. Using a unique dataset from the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries (CGFII), we construct a set of regulation indicators for each industry in the service sector. Then we explore the effect of upstream producer services, instrumented by regulation indicators, on manufacturing growth. The findings are as follows. First, the development of producer services can effectively promote the growth of manufacturing, and such an effect is stronger in more developed regions. Second, regulations are negatively related to the development of producer services, and among various kinds of regulations, prohibition is the one with the largest marginal effect. Third, consumer services fail to promote manufacturing growth, indicating the irreplaceability of producer services, which also suggests that we should pay more attention to the structure of the service sector.
Incentive and dopamine sensitization produced by intermittent but not long access cocaine self‐administration
Authors: Kawa Alex B. , Valenta Alec C. , Kennedy Robert T. , Robinson Terry E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe temporal pattern of drug use (pharmacokinetics) has a profound effect on the ability of self‐administered cocaine to produce addiction‐like behavior in rodents, and to change the brain. To further address this issue, we compared the effects of long access (LgA) cocaine self‐administration, which is widely used to model the transition to addiction, with intermittent access (IntA), which is thought to better reflect the pattern of drug use in humans, on the ability of a single, self‐administered injection of cocaine to increase dopamine (DA) overflow in the core of the nucleus accumbens (using in vivo microdialysis), and to produce addiction‐like behavior. IntA experience was more effective than LgA in producing addiction‐like behavior—a drug experience‐dependent increase in motivation for cocaine assessed using behavioral economic procedures, and cue‐induced reinstatement—despite much less total drug consumption. There were no group differences in basal levels of DA in dialysate [DA], but a single self‐administered IV injection of cocaine increased [DA] in the core of the nucleus accumbens to a greater extent in rats with prior IntA experience than those with LgA or limited access experience, and the latter two groups did not differ. Furthermore, high motivation for cocaine was associated with a high [DA] response. Thus, IntA, but not LgA, produced both incentive and DA sensitization. This is consistent with the notion that a hyper‐responsive dopaminergic system may contribute to the transition from casual patterns of drug use to the problematic patterns that define addiction.
Experimental evolution of phytoplankton fatty acid thermal reaction norms
Authors: O'Donnell Daniel R. , Du Zhi‐yan , Litchman Elena 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTemperature effects on the fatty acid (FA) profiles of phytoplankton, major primary producers in the ocean, have been widely studied due to their importance as industrial feedstocks and to their indispensable role as global producers of long‐chain, polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), including omega‐3 (ω3) FA required by organisms at higher trophic levels. The latter is of global ecological concern for marine food webs, as some evidence suggests an ongoing decline in global marine‐derived ω3 FA due to both a global decline in phytoplankton abundance and to a physiological reduction in ω3 production by phytoplankton as temperatures rise. Here, we examined both short‐term (physiological) and long‐term (evolutionary) responses of FA profiles to temperature by comparing FA thermal reaction norms of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana after ~500 generations (ca. 2.5 years) of experimental evolution at low (16°C) and high (31°C) temperatures. We showed that thermal reaction norms for some key FA classes evolved rapidly in response to temperature selection, often in ways contrary to our predictions based on prior research. Notably, 31°C‐selected populations showed higher PUFA percentages (including ω3 FA) than 16°C‐selected populations at the highest assay temperature (31°C, above T. pseudonana's optimum temperature for population growth), suggesting that high‐temperature selection led to an evolved ability to sustain high PUFA production at high temperatures. Rapid evolution may therefore mitigate some of the decline in global phytoplankton‐derived ω3 FA production predicted by recent studies. Beyond its implications for marine food webs, knowledge of the effects of temperature on fatty acid profiles is of fundamental importance to our understanding of the mechanistic causes and consequences of thermal adaptation.
Local temperature and ecological similarity drive distributional dynamics of tropical mammals worldwide
Authors: Beaudrot Lydia , Acevedo Miguel A. , Lessard Jean‐Philippe , Zvoleff Alex , Jansen Patrick A. , Sheil Douglas , Rovero Francesco , O’Brien Timothy , Larney Eileen , Fletcher Christine , Andelman Sandy , Ahumada Jorge 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimIdentifying the underlying drivers of species’ distributional dynamics is critical for predicting change and managing biological diversity. While anthropogenic factors such as climate change can affect species distributions through time, other naturally occurring ecological processes can also have an influence. Theory predicts that interactions between species can influence distributional dynamics, yet empirical evidence remains sparse. A powerful approach is to monitor and model local colonization and extinction—the processes that generate change in distributions over time—and to identify their abiotic and biotic associations. Intensive camera‐trap monitoring provides an opportunity to assess the role of temperature and species interactions in the colonization and extinction dynamics of tropical mammals, many of which are species of conservation concern. Using data from a pan‐tropical monitoring network, we examined how short‐term local temperature change and ecological similarity between species (a proxy for the strength of species interactions) influenced the processes that drive distributional shifts.LocationTropical forests worldwide.Time period2007–2016.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial mammals.MethodsWe used dynamic occupancy models to assess the influence of the abiotic and biotic environment on the distributional dynamics of 42 mammal populations from 36 species on 7 tropical elevation gradients around the world.ResultsOverall, temperature, ecological similarity, or both, were linked to colonization or extinction dynamics in 29 populations. For six species, the effect of temperature depended upon the local mammal community similarity. This result suggests that the way in which temperature influences local colonization and extinction dynamics depends on local mammal community composition.Main conclusionsThese results indicate that varying temperatures influence tropical mammal distributions in surprising ways and suggest that interactions between species mediate distributional dynamics.
An Integrative Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Adults With Migraine: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Klan Timo , Liesering‐Latta Eva , Gaul Charly , Martin Paul R. , Witthöft Michael 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo present a novel cognitive behavioral therapy program that was developed exclusively for adults with migraine, and to assess the feasibility of this program.BackgroundUnlike previous efforts, we combined different approaches of behavioral therapy into one program: relaxation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, trigger management.MethodsThe treatment program consists of 7 sessions (including psychoeducation, lifestyle counseling, coping with fear of attacks, trigger management, and stress management). The research was conducted in a single‐group study with N = 9 completers (age: M = 41.6, SD = 17.6 years; N = 8 female, N = 1 male; N = 5 migraine without aura, N = 2 migraine with aura, N = 2 chronic migraine). After each of the group therapy sessions, evaluation questionnaires were filled out, and individual qualitative interviews were conducted after completion of the program.ResultsThe treatment program was very well accepted. Every session was rated as comprehensible, and overall satisfaction with the sessions was high. Participants greatly appreciated having access to a specific treatment, exclusively addressing migraine.ConclusionsThe idea of combining several approaches of behavioral therapy into a specific treatment program for migraine seems to be feasible and promising. A randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of our program is currently running.
Resistance and compliance in women’s academic identity work in the Global South
Authors: Haeruddin M. Ikhwan Maulana , Pick David , Thein Htwe Htwe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore women academic's identity work in the context of the Global South (Indonesia). This is done by examining how the interplay between macro‐level social, cultural and political influences and micro‐processes produce moments of compliance and resistance. To this end, the following research question is posed: What is the nature of identity work among women academics in higher education institutions of the Global South where there are shifting and conflicting social and cultural conditions? This study contributes by illuminating the ways in which women comply with or resist traditional and contemporary organisational and occupational structures that produce gender inequality. It also contributes to understanding how the interplay of power and resistance influences women's academic identity work in developing nations.
Alternative green preparation of mesoporous calcium hydroxyapatite by chemical reaction of eggshell and phosphoric acid
Authors: Tangboriboon Nuchnapa , Suttiprapar Jularpar , Changkhamchom Sairung , Sirivat Anuvat 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEggshell is a rich source of CaCO3 with a high purity content of more than 96.35% w/w and a potential raw material for calcium hydroxyapatite preparation. Mesoporous and nano‐particulate calcium hydroxyapatite was prepared from duck eggshell from the chemical reaction with phosphoric acid followed by the calcinations at 800, 900, and 1000°C for 2 hours. The optimum condition to obtain the high purity calcium hydroxyapatite was by sintering calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 at 1000°C for 2 hours. The average particle size, pore diameter, specific surface, and true density of the sample sintered at 1000°C for 2 hours were 101.93 ± 12.15 nm, 98.96 Å, 2.12 m2/g, and 3.02 g/cm3, respectively, appearing as a soft fine powder with a white color. The raw duck eggshell is a potential candidate as a bio‐ceramic material to prepare calcium hydroxyapatite suitable for use in various bio‐applications such as bone tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, remineralizing agent in toothpaste, and bone void fillers for orthopedic and restoration.
Development of ethylene glycol‐Cr2AlC nanofluid for thermal management in the automotive sector
Authors: Davis Deepak , Saleem Shezan , Shah Farhaan , Singh Sheela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe current study is focused on the development of a novel nanofluid for efficient thermal management in the automotive sector. For this, novel Cr2AlC‐based nanofluids were prepared and its properties were compared with conventional nanofluids prepared under similar condition. h‐BN, MoS2, Al2O3, and Cr2AlC powders of <60 nm were prepared by high energy ball mill and were added into the EG fluid in 0.25 and 0.50 wt%. The nanofluids were investigated for viscosity, flash point, fire point, thermal conductivity, stability, and freezing temperature. The flash and fire points of EG increase with the addition of nanocrystalline powders. The viscosity of nanofluids decreases and thermal conductivity increases with increase in temperature. Among all addition, nanofluid containing 0.50 wt% of Cr2AlC shows maximum enhancement in the thermal conductivity and freezing temperature by 57.91% and 42.15%, respectively. It also shows a good stability up to 20 days.
Preparation of α‐Si3N4 by direct nitridation using polysilicon waste by diamond wire cutting
Authors: Hou Yong , Zhang Guo‐Hua , Chou Kuo‐Chih 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWith the rapid development of the semiconductor industry and solar photovoltaic industry, a large number of polysilicon wastes from diamond wire cutting are accumulated, which not only pollute the environment, but also cause safety problems due to the ultrafine particle size and high reactivity. The diamond wire cutting polysilicon waste was used to prepare α‐Si3N4 by direct nitridation method. This method could not only fully recycle the waste and reduce environmental pollution, but also could reduce the production cost of α‐Si3N4. Furthermore, the effects of FeCl3, NaCl, and metal Cu on the nitridation of polysilicon waste are investigated in detail, respectively. It is found that FeCl3 and NaCl are not ideal additives for the preparation of α‐Si3N4. However, α‐Si3N4‐dominated Si3N4 can be obtained via adding 5 wt% Cu after nitridation at 1250°C for 8 hours, and the relative content of α‐Si3N4 reaches 92.37%.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: an evolving disease with ancient roots
Authors: Saliba Maelle , Shalhoub Awss , Taraif Suad , Loya Asif , Houreih Mohammad A. , El Hajj Rana , Khalifeh Ibrahim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains a prioritized neglected tropical disease. CL novel presentations call for updating its features.MethodsA multiregional cohort of 396 patients with confirmed CL was reviewed. Lesion's clinical stage and eruption type were assigned. Disease was considered as extensive if numerous (≥5), large (>3 cm), disfiguring, threatening vital sensory organs, and/or older than 12 months. Microscopically, Ackerman's inflammatory pattern, Ridley's pattern (RP), and parasitic index (PI) were recorded. Microscopic variables pertaining to the organisms, epidermis, and host's inflammatory response were also assessed. All cases were confirmed and speciated molecularly.ResultsIn our region, 71.8% of cases showed extensive disease with 15.7% exceeding 12 months duration. Leishmania tropica accounted for 91.3% of cases while Leishmania major constituted 8.7% and presented solely as dry lesions. The dominant inflammatory composite consisted of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes. Granulomatous inflammation was present in 55.5%. Most cases showed interface changes (72.7%), spongiosis (75.3%), and marked epidermal hyperplasia (63.9%). Transepidermal elimination of organisms was present in 29.2% of cases. None of traditional classification patterns (clinical stage, microscopic pattern, and RP) showed the predicted linear correlation with lesion age. High and low PI levels correlated with early and healing microscopic patterns, respectively, but did not correlate with the corresponding RPs. PI was bimodal with peaks at 3–6 and 9–12 months.ConclusionCutaneous leishmaniasis is an evolving disease defying the traditional prediction classifications. Our study sets the ground for adopting updated clinical courses, microscopic presentation, and species mapping.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with fibrosarcomatous transformation: our experience, molecular evaluation of selected cases, and short literature review
Authors: Lopez Liurka V. , Yatsenko Svetlana A. , Burgess Melissa , Schoedel Karen , Rao Uma N. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with fibrosarcomatous transformation (DFSP‐FS) is a higher grade tumor arising from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Recent literature highlights its impact on recurrence rates, metastatic rates, and survival. In this article, we aim to describe our experience with 13 cases of DFSP‐FS in terms of pathologic findings, molecular alterations, clinical outcomes, management, and also perform a short recent literature review.