bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centering contraception: postpartum contraceptive choices of women enrolled in Centering group prenatal care versus traditional prenatal care
Authors: Smith Erin 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo assess postpartum contraceptive choices of women participating in group versus traditional prenatal care.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study assessing postpartum contraceptive choices of women participating in group versus traditional prenatal care. Patients were derived from a database of all deliveries from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2014 at Christiana Hospital in Newark, Delaware, USA. Within this database, group prenatal care patients were identified and a two-to-one matched set of similar traditional prenatal care patients was created. Contraceptive methods utilised by these women were ascertained via chart review. The proportion of women using each method in each care model was calculated. Multinomial logistic regression was carried out for statistical analysis.ResultsIncluded in the final analysis were 867 patients: 289 group and 587 traditional prenatal care participants. Groups were similar in selection of sterilisation, condoms, injection, and other short-acting hormonal contraceptive methods (a composite of patch, vaginal ring, and pills). Group prenatal care patients were more likely to utilise contraception postpartum (as measured by use of no method with AOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.78, P=0.002), particularly long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.40, P=0.005). This difference was most pronounced for women aged 20–24 years (AOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.56).ConclusionParticipation in group prenatal care as opposed to traditional prenatal care increases use of postpartum contraception and increases uptake of LARCs. The association of group prenatal care participation with LARC use is particularly apparent for women aged 20–24 years.
Knee joint synovitis: study of correlations and diagnostic performances of ultrasonography compared with histopathology
Authors: Najm Aurélie , Orr Carl , Gallagher Lorna , Biniecka Monika , Gaigneux Emeline , Le Goff Benoit , Fearon Ursula , Veale Douglas J 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesUltrasonography (US) is a fast, available and low-cost imaging tool used for detecting knee synovitis. Our aims were to assess the relationship between US and histology findings in appraising levels of inflammation and vascularity in the knee joint in subjects with inflammatory arthropathies; to determine whether differences exist in the appraisal between varying knee compartments and to compare US performances compared with gold standard histology for knee synovitis detection.MethodsSubjects with actively inflamed knee joint having crystal arthropathies, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or ostoearthritis were prospectively recruited from rheumatology clinics after giving their written consent between May and October 2015. Study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. The knee was divided into three compartments (medial, lateral, superior). Patients had a knee US followed by a knee arthroscopy with biopsies retrieval from each compartment. Biopsies were blindly scored for lining layer hyperplasia, inflammation, vascularity, CD68 and factor VIII staining. Correlation was determined using the Spearman’s correlation test.Results26 patients with active arthritis in a knee joint and recent onset of disease were prospectively included. Strong correlations were observed between US synovitis grade and histological inflammation score (r=0.63; P=0.002), US Doppler grade and histological score for vascularity (r=0.68; P<0.001); US measured synovial thickness and lining layer hyperplasia (r=0.61; P=0.002). Moderate correlation was found between US synovitis grade and CD68 score (r=0.49; P=0.02).ConclusionUS findings correlate with histological inflammation and vascularity scores in actively inflamed knee joints. US accurately describes knee synovitis.
Trauma Transitional Care Coordination: protecting the most vulnerable trauma patients from hospital readmission
Authors: Hall Erin C , Tyrrell Rebecca , Scalea Thomas M , Stein Deborah M 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundUnplanned hospital readmissions increase healthcare costs and patient morbidity. We hypothesized that a program designed to reduce trauma readmissions would be effective.MethodsA Trauma Transitional Care Coordination (TTCC) program was created to support patients at high risk for readmission. TTCC interventions included call to patient (or caregiver) within 72 hours of discharge to identify barriers to care, complete medication reconciliation, coordination of appointments, and individualized problem solving. Information on all 30-day readmissions was collected. 30-day readmission rates were compared with center-specific readmission rates and population-based, risk-adjusted rates of readmission using published benchmarks.Results260 patients were enrolled in the TTCC program from January 2014 to September 2015. 30.8% (n=80) of enrollees were uninsured, 41.9% (n=109) reported current substance abuse, and 26.9% (n=70) had a current psychiatric diagnosis. 74.2% (n=193) attended outpatient trauma appointments within 14 days of discharge. 96.3% were successfully followed. Only 6.6% (n=16) of patients were readmitted in the first 30 days after discharge. This was significantly lower than both center-specific readmission rates before start of the program (6.6% vs. 11.3%, P=0.02) and recently published population-based trauma readmission rates (6.6% vs. 27%, P<0.001).DiscussionA nursing-led TTCC program successfully followed patients and was associated with a significant decrease in 30-day readmission rates for patients with high-risk trauma. Targeted outpatient support for these most vulnerable patients can lead to better utilization of outpatient resources, increased patient satisfaction, and more consistent attainment of preinjury level of functioning or better.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Trapped river otters (Lontra canadensis) from central Saskatchewan differ in total and organic mercury concentrations by sex and geographic location
Authors: Wilkie Steven C. , Espie Richard H.M. , Basu Niladri , Liber Karsten , Hall Britt D. 
Published: February 2018

Mercury (Hg) in wildlife remains of great concern, especially for apex piscivores. Despite this, exposure information from many species in many areas is lacking, so that management decisions are hampered. Here we examine Hg concentrations in fur, liver, and kidney tissues from river otters ( Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777)) ( n = 203) to quantify existing Hg concentrations over a broad geographic area in Saskatchewan. Mean fur total Hg (THg) (9.68 ± 7.52 mg/kg fresh weight (f.w.)) was significantly correlated with THg and organic Hg (OHg) in liver and kidney tissue, showcasing the potential for using fur as a noninvasive method of monitoring Hg in top-level mammals. Livers of males had higher mean OHg concentrations than livers of females (males: 2.71 mg/kg d.w., females: 1.87 mg/kg d.w.), but not significantly so. No sex-related differences were observed in kidney OHg concentrations. THg concentrations in otter fur collected in the Boreal Shield ecozone (Churchill River Upland) were significantly higher (mean = 16.1 mg/kg f.w.) than in otter fur collected from the Boreal Plain ecozone (mean = 8.59 mg/kg f.w.). Fur from otters ( n = 20; trapping block N66) trapped near a decommissioned smelter contained the highest concentrations of THg in the study (mean = 18.4 mg/kg f.w.).
The classic Wilson cycle revisited
Authors: Dalziel Ian W. D. , Dewey John F. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In the first application of the developing plate tectonic theory to the pre-Pangaea world 50 years ago, attempting to explain the origin of the Paleozoic Appalachian–Caledonian orogen, J. Tuzo Wilson asked the question: ‘Did the Atlantic close and then reopen?’. This question formed the basis of the concept of the Wilson cycle: ocean basins opening and closing to form a collisional mountain chain. The accordion-like motion of the continents bordering the Atlantic envisioned by Wilson in the 1960s, with proto-Appalachian Laurentia separating from Europe and Africa during the early Paleozoic in almost exactly the same position that it subsequently returned during the late Paleozoic amalgamation of Pangaea, now seems an unlikely scenario. We integrate the Paleozoic history of the continents bordering the present day basin of the North Atlantic Ocean with that of the southern continents to develop a radically revised picture of the classic Wilson cycle The concept of ocean basins opening and closing is retained, but the process we envisage also involves thousands of kilometres of mainly dextral motion parallel with the margins of the opposing Laurentia and Gondwanaland continents, as well as complex and prolonged tectonic interaction across an often narrow ocean basin, rather than the single collision suggested by Wilson.
Tectonic inheritance at multiple scales during more than two complete Wilson cycles recorded in eastern North America
Authors: Thomas William A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Eastern North America holds clear records of two Wilson cycles and hints of two earlier cycles, through which tectonic inheritance is evident at multiple scales. Large-scale transform offsets of rifted margins indicate inheritance through multiple cycles; transform-parallel intracratonic fault systems suggest a transform-parallel fabric in the lithosphere. Rift segments of the continental margins did not inherit the locations of earlier rifts; synrift intracratonic fault systems follow earlier contractional fabrics of supercontinent assembly. Large-scale curves of the Appalachian–Ouachita orogenic belt (closing of the Iapetus Ocean) mimic the shape of the Iapetan rifted margin of Laurentia. Basins along the Iapetan rifted margin reflect inheritance from transform faults in the greater magnitudes of early post-rift thermal subsidence and later synorogenic tectonic loading and flexural subsidence. Older synrift basement faults buttressed the frontal ramps of Appalachian–Ouachita thin-skinned thrust faults. Basement fault blocks and associated synrift stratigraphic variations in the weak layers that host the regional décollement localized transverse alignments of lateral ramps, as well as tectonic thickening of a mud-dominated graben-fill succession in a ductile duplex (mushwad). The many examples of tectonic inheritance attest to the linkages between processes of successive opening and closing of oceans, as well as the break-up and assembly of supercontinents, through successive Wilson cycles.
A Distinct Oncogenerative Multinucleated Cancer Cell Serves as a Source of Stemness and Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Díaz-Carballo David , Saka Sahitya , Klein Jacqueline , Rennkamp Tobias , Acikelli Ali H. , Malak Sascha , Jastrow Holger , Wennemuth Gunther , Tempfer Clemens , Schmitz Inge , Tannapfel Andrea , Strumberg Dirk 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The effects of anticancer treatments on cell heterogeneity and their proliferative potential play an important role in tumor persistence and metastasis. However, little is known about de-polyploidization, cell fate, and physiologic stemness of the resulting cell populations. Here, we describe a distinctive cell type termed "pregnant" P1 cells found within chemotherapy-refractory ovarian tumors, which generate and gestate daughter generation Gn cells intracytoplasmically. Release of Gn cells occurred by ejection through crevices in the P1 cell membrane by body contractions or using a funiculus-like structure. These events characterized a not yet described mechanism of cell segregation. Maternal P1 cells were principally capable of surviving parturition events and continued to breed and nurture Gn progenies. In addition, P1 cells were competent to horizontally transmit offspring Gn cells into other specific proximal cells, injecting them to receptor R1 cells via cell–cell tunneling. This process represents a new mechanism used by tumor cells to invade surrounding tissues and ensure life cycles. In contrast to the pregnant P1 cells with low expression of stem cell markers despite their physiologic stemness, the first offspring generations of daughter G1 cells expressed high levels of ovarian cancer stem cell markers. Furthermore, both P1 and Gn cells overexpressed multiple human endogenous retroviral envelope proteins. Moreover, programmed death-ligand 1 and the immunosuppressive domain of the retroviral envelope proteins were also overexpressed in P1 cells, suggesting effective protection against the host immune system. Together, our data suggest that P1 oncogenerative cancer cells exhibit a not yet described cell biological mechanism of persistence and transmission of malignant cells in patients with advanced cancers.
Significance: P1 oncogenerative cell entities express low levels of CSC markers, which are characteristic of their histological origin. Cancer Res; 78(9); 2318–31. ©2018 AACR.
Explaining Coronal Reduction: Prosodic Structure and Articulatory Posture
Authors: Parrell Benjamin , Narayanan Shrikanth 
Published: February 2018

AbstractConsonant reduction is often treated as an allophonic process at the phonological planning level, with one production target (allophone) being substituted for another. We propose that, alternatively, reduction can be the result of an online process driven by prosodically conditioned durational variability and an invariant production target. We show that this approach can account for patterns of coronal stop (/t/, /d/, and /n/) production in both American English and Spanish. Contrary to effort-driven theories of reduction, we show that reduction does notdepend on changes to gestural stiffness. Moreover, we demonstrate how differences between and within a language in the particular articulatory postures used to produce different coronal stops automatically lead to reduction to what have normally been considered distinct allophones - coronal approximants ([ð̞]) and flaps ([ɾ]). In this way, our approach allows us to understand different outcomes of coronal stop reduction as the dynamic interaction of a single process (durationally driven undershoot) and variable spatial targets. We show that these patterns are reflected across a wide variety of languages, and show how alternative outcomes of reduction may fit within the same general framework.
“Please. Don’t. Die.”
Authors: Mausz Justin , Snobelen Paul , Tavares Walter 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important determinant of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), yet rates of bystander CPR are highly variable. In an effort to promote bystander CPR, the procedure has been streamlined, and ultrashort teaching modalities have been introduced. CPR has been increasingly reconceptualized as simple, safe, and easy to perform; however, current methods of CPR instruction may not adequately prepare lay rescuers for the various logistical, conceptual, and emotional challenges of resuscitating a victim of cardiac arrest.

Methods and Results:
We adopted a constructivist grounded theory methodology to qualitatively explore bystander CPR and invited lay rescuers who had recently (ie, within 1 week) intervened in an OHCA to participate in semistructured interviews and focus groups. We used constant comparative analysis until theoretical saturation to derive a midrange explanatory theory of bystander CPR. We constructed a 3-stage theoretical model describing a common experiential process for lay rescuer intervention in OHCA: Being called to act is disturbing, causing panic, shock, and disbelief that must ultimately be overcome. Taking action to save the victim is complicated by several misconceptions about cardiac arrest, where victims are mistakenly believed to be choking, and agonal respirations are misinterpreted to mean the victim is alive. Making sense of the experience is challenging, at least in the short term, where lay rescuers have to contend with self-doubt, unanswered questions, and uncomfortable emotional reactions to a traumatic event.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that current CPR training programs may not adequately prepare lay rescuers for the reality of an OHCA and identifies several key knowledge gaps that should be addressed. The long-term psychological consequences of bystander intervention in OHCA remain poorly understood and warrant further study.
Derivation and Validation of an In‐Hospital Mortality Prediction Model Suitable for Profiling Hospital Performance in Heart Failure
Authors: Lagu Tara , Pekow Penelope S. , Stefan Mihaela S. , Shieh Meng‐Shiou , Pack Quinn R. , Kashef Mohammad Amin , Atreya Auras R. , Valania Gregory , Slawsky Mara T. , Lindenauer Peter K. 
Published: February 2018

Background

Comparing heart failure (
HF
) outcomes across hospitals requires adequate risk adjustment. We aimed to develop and validate a model that can be used to compare quality of
HF
care across hospitals.

Methods and Results

We included patients with
HF
aged ≥18 years admitted to one of 433 hospitals that participated in the Premier Inc Data Warehouse. This model (Premier) contained patient demographics, comorbidities, and acute conditions present on admission, derived from administrative and billing records. In a separate data set derived from electronic health records, we validated the Premier model by comparing hospital risk‐standardized mortality rates calculated with the Premier model to those calculated with a validated clinical model containing laboratory data (LAPS [Laboratory‐Based Acute Physiology Score]). Among the 200 832 admissions in the Premier Inc Data Warehouse, inpatient mortality was 4.0%. The model showed acceptable discrimination in the warehouse data (C statistic 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.76). In the validation data set, both the Premier model and the
LAPS
models showed acceptable discrimination (C statistic: Premier: 0.76 [95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.77];
LAPS:
0.78 [95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.80]). Risk‐standardized mortality rates for both models ranged from 2% to 7%. A linear regression equation describing the association between Premier‐ and
LAPS
‐specific mortality rates revealed a regression line with a slope of 0.71 (
SE
: 0.07). The correlation coefficient of the standardized mortality rates from the 2 models was 0.82.

Conclusions

Compared with a validated model derived from clinical data, an
HF
mortality model derived from administrative data showed highly correlated risk‐standardized mortality rate estimates, suggesting it could be used to identify high‐ and low‐performing hospitals for
HF
care.
Myocardial Ischemia and Mobilization of Circulating Progenitor Cells
Authors: Hammadah Muhammad , Samman Tahhan Ayman , Mheid Ibhar Al , Wilmot Kobina , Ramadan Ronnie , Kindya Bryan R. , Kelli Heval M. , O'Neal Wesley T. , Sandesara Pratik , Sullivan Samaah , Almuwaqqat Zakaria , Obideen Malik , Abdelhadi Naser , Alkhoder Ayman , Pimple Pratik M. , Levantsevych Oleksiy , Mohammed Kareem H. , Weng Lei , Sperling Laurence S. , Shah Amit J. , Sun Yan V. , Pearce Brad D. , Kutner Michael , Ward Laura , Bremner J. Douglas , Kim Jinhee , Waller Edmund K. , Raggi Paolo , Sheps David , Vaccarino Viola , Quyyumi Arshed A. 
Published: February 2018

Background

The response of progenitor cells (PCs) to transient myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the
PC
response to exercise‐induced myocardial ischemia (ExMI) and compare it to flow mismatch during pharmacological stress testing.

Methods and Results

A total of 356 patients with stable coronary artery disease underwent 99mTc‐sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging during exercise (69%) or pharmacological stress (31%).
CD
34
+
and
CD
34
+
/chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 4
PC
s were enumerated by flow cytometry. Change in
PC
count was compared between patients with and without myocardial ischemia using linear regression models. Vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal‐derived factor‐1α were quantified. Mean age was 63±9 years; 76% were men. The incidence of Ex
MI
was 31% and 41% during exercise and pharmacological stress testing, respectively. Patients with Ex
MI
had a significant decrease in
CD
34
+
/chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 4 (−18%,
P
=0.01) after stress that was inversely correlated with the magnitude of ischemia (
r
=−0.19,
P
=0.003). In contrast, patients without Ex
MI
had an increase in
CD
34
+
/chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 4 (14.7%,
P
=0.02), and those undergoing pharmacological stress had no change. Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels increased (15%,
P
<0.001) in all patients undergoing exercise stress testing regardless of ischemia. However, the change in stromal‐derived factor‐1α level correlated inversely with the change in
PC
counts in those with Ex
MI
(
P
=0.03), suggesting a greater decrease in
PC
s in those with a greater change in stromal‐derived factor‐1α level with exercise.

Conclusions

Ex
MI
is associated with a significant decrease in circulating levels of
CD
34
+
/chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 4
PC
s, likely attributable, at least in part, to stromal‐derived factor‐1α–mediated homing of
PC
s to the ischemic myocardium. The physiologic consequences of this uptake of
PC
s and their therapeutic implications need further investigation.
Postoperative Antibiotics Following Cochlear Implantation: Are They Necessary?
Authors: Almosnino Galit , Zeitler Daniel M. , Schwartz Seth R. 
Published: February 2018

Objective: Evaluate whether prophylactic antibiotics administered following cochlear implant (CI) surgery impact short-term infection rates. Design: Retrospective, concurrent, case-control. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: All patients (range, 9 months-91 years) undergoing cochlear implantation between 2013 and 2017 (n = 188). Intervention(s): Starting in 2015, one surgeon stopped prescribing postoperative antibiotics after CI surgery. We compared infection rates in a control group that received antibiotics in the 18 months prior to this change (n = 95) to the cohort of patients that did not receive postoperative antibiotics (n = 49). In a second analysis, 44 patients that underwent CI surgery concurrently from a second surgeon and were prescribed postoperative antibiotics were compared to the 49 patients who did not receive postoperative antibiotics. Main Outcome Measure(s): Postoperative infection rates in the perioperative period (0-30 days) following cochlear implantation. Results: None of the 49 cases and none of the 95 historic controls or 44 concurrent controls experienced postoperative infection. Conclusions: In this sample, postoperative antibiotics following cochlear implantation did not impact perioperative infection rates. Unnecessary antibiotics can lead to increased resistance, allergic sequelae, and unnecessary costs while having little effect on reducing infection rates. This pilot study should encourage surgeons to reevaluate standard practice around antibiotic use after CI surgery.