bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bile and fat excretion are biomarkers of clinically significant diarrhoea and constipation in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Vijayvargiya Priya , Camilleri Michael , Burton Duane , Busciglio Irene , Lueke Alan , Donato Leslie J. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundBiomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may guide targeted therapy in this multifactorial disease. It has been suggested that 75% accuracy and cost <$500 categorise biomarkers as cost‐effective.AimTo identify differences in faecal bile acids, faecal fat and fasting serum C4 (7a‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one) and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) among patients with IBS‐D, IBS‐C and healthy controls and to determine accurate, cost‐effective biomarkers for clinically relevant diarrhoea and constipation.MethodsWe assessed daily stool frequency and consistency (Bristol Stool Form Scale) from validated bowel diaries, 48 hours total and individual faecal bile acids, 48 hours faecal fat and weight, fasting serum C4 and FGF19, and colonic transit by scintigraphy from healthy volunteers (HV) and patients with IBS‐D and IBS‐C (Rome III criteria). We utilised multivariate logistic regression to determine biomarkers of clinically significant diarrhoea or constipation based on stool frequency, consistency and weight.ResultsAmong the 126 HV (44M/82F, 37.5 ± 10.9 years [SD]), 64 IBS‐D (5M/59F, 41.9 ± 12.2 years), and 30 IBS‐C (0M/30F, 44.6 ± 10 years) patients, there were significant differences between all groups in stool weight, frequency, and consistency; in addition, there were differences in colonic transit at 48 hours, faecal fat, and total and individual faecal bile acids between IBS‐D and IBS‐C. Reduced total and primary faecal bile acids and increased faecal lithocholic acid were significant predictors of decreased faecal weight, frequency and consistency with AUC > 0.82 (sensitivity >76%, specificity >72%). Total and primary faecal bile acids and faecal fat were significant predictors of increased stool weight, frequency and consistency with AUC > 0.71 (sensitivity >55%, specificity >74%).The faecal parameters had a 11.5 positive likelihood ratio in predicting elevated faecal weight.ConclusionsFaecal bile acids and faecal fat are cost‐effective and accurate biomarkers associated with significant bowel dysfunction among IBS‐D and IBS‐C patients.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: risk factors for recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation
Authors: Steenstraten Iris C. , Sebib Korkmaz Kerem , Trivedi Palak J. , Inderson Akin , van Hoek Bart , Rodriguez Girondo Mar D. M. , Maljaars P. W. Jeroen 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundAfter liver transplantation primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), the condition returns in the transplanted liver in a subset of patients (recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis, rPSC).AimTo define risk factors for rPSC.MethodsWe searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library for articles published until March 2018. Studies addressing risk factors for developing rPSC were eligible for inclusion. A random effects meta‐analysis was conducted using hazard ratios (HR) as effect measure. Study quality was evaluated with the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Statistical analysis was performed using Cochrane Review Manager.ResultsThe electronic database search yielded 449 results. Twenty‐one retrospective cohort studies met the inclusion criteria for the review; 14 were included in the meta‐analysis. The final cohort included 2159 patients (age range 31‐49 years, 68.8% male), of whom 17.7% developed rPSC. Colectomy before liver transplantation, HR 0.65 (95% CI: 0.42‐0.99), cholangiocarcinoma before liver transplantation, HR 2.42 (95% CI: 1.20‐4.86), inflammatory bowel disease, HR 1.73 (95% CI: 1.17‐2.54), donor age, HR 1.24 (95% CI 1.0‐1.45) per ten years, MELD score, HR 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02‐1.08) per point and acute cellular rejection, HR of 1.94 (95% CI: 1.32‐2.83) were associated with the risk of rPSC.ConclusionsMultiple risk factors for rPSC were identified. Colectomy before liver transplantation reduced the risk of rPSC.
Economic evaluation of artificial insemination of sex‐sorted semen on a Brown Swiss dairy farm—A case study
Authors: Osada Masahiro , Iwabuchi Hitomi , Aoki Toru , Sasaki Kika , Ushijima Hitoshi , Ozawa Takeyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractArtificial insemination using sex‐sorted semen is employed to efficiently increase the number of female dairy calves born. Previous studies have determined that using sex‐sorted semen is beneficial to improve the management, but the mechanism by which it increases cattle numbers through objective indices of breeding remains unclear. This study focused on a Brown Swiss cattle herd in which frozen female sex‐sorted semen was systematically employed to increase the number of cattle. We analyzed the correlation between the increase in the number of cattle and the screening accuracy of sex‐sorted semen, measuring indices such as pregnancy rate and birth rate of female calves. Study revealed that: (1) production cost for female calves is influenced by the pregnancy rate, rate of female calves, and using sex‐sorted semen is less expensive than using nonsorted semen; (2) improvements in screening accuracy nearly doubled the number of cows and tripled the number of heifers in 5 years; and (3) use of sex‐sorted semen improved milk quality. The pregnancy rate was lower when sex‐sorted semen was used, but the birth rate of heifers was improved. Results suggest that artificial insemination using sex‐sorted semen is beneficial because it economically produces offspring to increase the herd.
Five‐year trends in acetaminophen use exceeding the recommended daily maximum dose
Authors: Kaufman David W. , Kelly Judith P. , Battista Deena R. , Malone Mary K. , Weinstein Rachel B. , Shiffman Saul 
Published: February 2019

Temporal patterns of acetaminophen use exceeding the recommended daily maximum dosage of 4 g over a 5‐year period (4/1/2011–3/31/2016) were evaluated in an online 1‐week diary study of 14 434 adult acetaminophen users who also reported acetaminophen use in the previous month. Specific medications taken were identified by list‐based prompting; respondents were not required to know their medications contained acetaminophen. Details of use were recorded daily; total daily dosage was determined programmatically. Prevalence of >4 g use over time was modelled and tested for linear changes. The overall prevalence of >4 g use (6.3% of users and 3.7% of usage days) did not change over the 5 years: odds ratio (OR) persons, 1.02 (95% CI, 0.98–1.09); OR days, 0.98 (0.92–1.05). Deviations from label directions were largely unchanged, though concomitant use increased slightly. Thus, over a recent 5‐year period, there was no evidence of change in how often acetaminophen use exceeded the labelled maximum daily dose.
Explaining different orientations to the 2013 Gezi Park demonstrations in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Leach Colin Wayne , Bilali Rezarta , Çelik Ayşe Betül , Cidam Atilla 
Published: February 2019

Although a notable minority orient to real‐world demonstrations by actively participating, other less involved, safer, orientations are more frequent. Thus, in the context of anti‐government demonstrations in Gezi Park/Taksim Square in Istanbul, Turkey, in 2013, we distinguished between the orientations of participating, visiting, and watching. Study 1 (N = 359) and Study 2 (N = 327) confirmed that participating was characterized by greater experience of police violence and feelings of collective empowerment (Drury & Reicher, European Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 2005, 35) than visiting and watching the demonstrations. Expanding upon and replicating the findings from Study 1, Study 2 examined identification with protestors and left‐wing ideology, along with constructs (social support, anger at the government, protestor's efficacy, endorsement of protestors) from the dynamic dual pathway model (van Zomeren et al., Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16, 2012, 180) as predictors of the three different orientations to the demonstrations. As expected, the dynamic dual pathway model predicted reported participation via endorsement of protestors, independent of identification with protestors and left‐wing ideology.
Miocene to Quaternary basin evolution at the southeastern Andean Plateau (Puna) margin (ca. 24°S lat, Northwestern Argentina)
Authors: Pingel Heiko , Alonso Ricardo N. , Altenberger Uwe , Cottle John , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Andean Plateau of NW Argentina is a prominent example of a high‐elevation orogenic plateau characterized by internal drainage, arid to hyper‐arid climatic conditions and a compressional basin‐and‐range morphology comprising thick sedimentary basins. However, the development of the plateau as a geomorphic entity is not well understood. Enhanced orographic rainout along the eastern, windward plateau flank causes reduced fluvial run‐off and thus subdued surface‐process rates in the arid hinterland. Despite this, many Puna basins document a complex history of fluvial processes that have transformed the landscape from aggrading basins with coalescing alluvial fans to the formation of multiple fluvial terraces that are now abandoned. Here, we present data from the San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC) area, a sub‐catchment of the Salinas Grandes Basin located on the eastern Puna Plateau bordering the externally drained Eastern Cordillera. Our data include: (a) new radiometric U‐Pb zircon data from intercalated volcanic ash layers and detrital zircons from sedimentary key horizons; (b) sedimentary and geochemical provenance indicators; (c) river profile analysis; and (d) palaeo‐landscape reconstruction to assess aggradation, incision and basin connectivity. Our results suggest that the eastern Puna margin evolved from a structurally controlled intermontane basin during the Middle Miocene, similar to intermontane basins in the Mio‐Pliocene Eastern Cordillera and the broken Andean foreland. Our refined basin stratigraphy implies that sedimentation continued during the Late Mio‐Pliocene and the Quaternary, after which the SAC area was subjected to basin incision and excavation of the sedimentary fill. Because this incision is unrelated to baselevel changes and tectonic processes, and is similar in timing to the onset of basin fill and excavation cycles of intermontane basins in the adjacent Eastern Cordillera, we suspect a regional climatic driver, triggered by the Mid‐Pleistocene Climate Transition, caused the present‐day morphology. Our observations suggest that lateral orogenic growth, aridification of orogenic interiors, and protracted plateau sedimentation are all part of a complex process chain necessary to establish and maintain geomorphic characteristics of orogenic plateaus in tectonically active mountain belts.
Dedicated neck 18F‐FDG PET/CT: An additional tool for risk assessment in thyroid nodules at ultrasound intermediate risk
Authors: Trimboli Pierpaolo , Piccardo Arnoldo , Alevizaki Maria , Virili Camilla , Naseri Mehrdad , Sola Simona , Paone Gaetano , Russ Gilles , Giovanella Luca 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundSeveral ultrasound (US) risk stratification systems have been proposed for the assessment of thyroid nodules, and their performance was shown as good. However, the rate of nodules assessed at intermediate risk is not negligible and whether they should be submitted or not to further examination is still under debate. The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in stratifying the risk of malignancy in these lesions.MethodsTwo institutions participated to this retrospective study in which a dedicated 18F‐FDG PET/CT was proposed to patients having a thyroid nodule with US assessment of EU‐TIRADS 4 or 5. 18F‐FDG PET/CT did not influence the diagnostic and therapeutic decision. Histology was the gold standard for all patients.ResultsNinety‐three patients were included for the study with 48 EU‐TIRADS 4 and 45 EU‐TIRADS 5 nodules. Of these, 26 underwent thyroidectomy following FNAC suspicious for or consistent with malignancy, 38 for inconclusive cytology, 27 because of large goitre and 2 for high‐risk lesion at US. At histology, 35 carcinomas and 58 benign lesions were found. Cancer prevalence was 16.7% in EU‐TIRADS 4 and 60% in EU‐TIRADS 5. Overall, 18F‐FDG PET/CT was positive in 33/35 cancers (94.5% sensitivity) and negative in 31/58 benign lesions (53.4% specificity). When considering only EU‐TIRADS 4, 18F‐FDG PET/CT was positive in 7/8 cancers and negative in 20/40 benign lesions; among these, there were 36 cases with FNAC indication according to dimensional cut‐off (ie >1.5 cm), and 18F‐FDG PET/CT showed 85.7% sensitivity and 41.4% specificity.Conclusions18F‐FDG PET/CT may have a role in stratifying the cancer risk of thyroid nodules with an intermediate ultrasound assessment. More specifically, thyroid lesions classified as EU‐TIRADS 4 and with no 18F‐FDG uptake could be ruled out from further examination, similar to other anamnestic and clinical suspicious factors of patients. Further prospective and cost‐effectiveness studies are needed.
Should potential for climate change refugia be mainstreamed into the criteria for describing EBSAs?
Authors: Johnson David Edward , Kenchington Ellen Lorraine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe world's oceans are subject to the influence of climate change at all latitudes and depths. There is a growing body of literature on the responses of species to climate change, which has a strong deterministic component indicating that responses can be predicted. At the same time, advances in oceanographic data acquisition and modeling have facilitated the identification of potential climate change refugia. The Convention on Biological Diversity's “Voluntary Specific Workplan on Biodiversity in Cold‐Water Areas within the Jurisdictional Scope of the Convention” explicitly calls for the identification and protection of refugia in cold‐water areas. We propose adding “Climate Change Refugium” as an integral consideration for identification of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs). We provide a description of this as a potential eighth criterion. We then briefly discuss the pros and cons of introducing this eighth criterion, or an alternative strategy to develop guidelines that explicitly link refugia to the rationale of existing EBSA criteria, in the hope that this opinion piece will launch further discussion on this notion.
Brand advertising and brand sharing of alcoholic and non‐alcoholic products, and the effects on young Thai people's attitudes towards alcohol use: A qualitative focus group study
Authors: Kaewpramkusol Ratchakorn , Senior Kate , Nanthamongkolchai Sutham , Chenhall Richard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe dominant Thai alcohol companies have strategically employed brand advertising and brand sharing (using a very similar branding for both alcoholic and non‐alcoholic products) to circumvent restrictive alcohol advertising regulations. As empirical evidence confirms that exposure to alcohol advertisements increases youth drinking, young Thais could be at risk of constant and incidental exposure to alcohol advertising, hence leading to increased alcohol consumption. This study aims to explore young people's perceptions of these alcohol branding strategies and to examine how exposure to such advertising strategies affect their attitudes towards alcohol use.Design and MethodsSeventy‐two university students aged 20–24 years participated in 1.5‐h semi‐structured focus groups conducted in Bangkok and a peripheral province. Logos of two domestic alcohol brands were also used as part of projective techniques to elicit information. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data.ResultsDespite a range of alcoholic and non‐alcoholic products under the same branding, participants associated the logos primarily with beer—the flagship product. Branding strategies seemed to successfully increase young people's brand familiarity and affected their brand recognition and brand awareness. Participants had a high awareness of the alcohol companies’ commercial activities but regarded alcohol advertisements to be indifferent to advertisements of other ordinary products.Discussion and ConclusionsBrand advertising is a dynamic tool that affects young people's attitudes towards the advertised brands and alcohol use. Due to early exposure to the brands, brand sharing increases brand familiarity and, among other factors, potentially affects drinking attitudes and purchase intentions.
Gait analysis for individually tailored interdisciplinary interventions in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rasmussen Helle M , Pedersen Niels W , Overgaard Søren , Hansen Lars K , Dunkhase‐Heinl Ulrike , Petkov Yanko , Engell Vilhelm , Holsgaard‐Larsen Anders 
Published: February 2019

AimTo test the hypothesis that improvements in gait and function following individualized interdisciplinary interventions consisting of physical therapy, orthotics, spasticity management, and orthopaedic surgery using instrumented gait analysis are superior to ‘usual care’ in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis was a prospective, single‐blind, parallel‐group, randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of interventions based on the use of gait analysis. Primary outcome was gait (Gait Deviation Index) and secondary outcomes were walking and patient‐reported outcome measures of function, disability, and health‐related quality of life. Follow‐ups were done at 26 weeks (questionnaires) and at the primary end point of 52 weeks (all outcomes).ResultsSixty participants with CP (39 males, 21 females, mean age 6y 10mo, standard deviation 1y 3mo, range 5y–9y 1mo) in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I or II, were randomized to interventions with or without gait analysis. No significant or clinically relevant between‐group differences in change scores of the primary or secondary outcomes were found. The recommended categories of interventions were dominated by non‐surgical interventions and were applied in 36% to 86% of the participants.InterpretationInterventions using gait analysis were not superior to ‘usual care’ on gait, walking, or patient‐reported outcomes in a sample of relatively young and independently walking children with CP not expected to need surgery.What this paper adds

Gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I or II recommends interdisciplinary interventions.

Compliance to interventions recommended after gait analysis was low.

No statistically significant advantages were identified for the intervention group versus the control group.
Intranasal glucagon acutely increases energy expenditure without inducing hyperglycaemia in overweight/obese adults
Authors: Stahel Priska , Lee So Jeong , Sud Shawn K. , Floh Alejandro , Dash Satya 
Published: February 2019

AimTo assess the acute effects of 0.7 mg intranasal glucagon (ING) vs intranasal placebo (INP) on food intake and resting energy expenditure (REE).MethodsA single‐blind, crossover study was conducted in 19 overweight/obese adults (15 men, 4 women). REE was assessed by indirect calorimetry over 90 minutes, after which appetite was assessed using a visual analogue scale, and ad libitum caloric intake was assessed. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline and at 15‐minute intervals post‐treatment up to 90 minutes.ResultsING increased total REE (INP 61.5 ± 1.2 kcal vs ING 69.4 ± 1.2 kcal; P = 0.027). There were no between‐treatment differences in blood glucose, food intake and appetite. There were no adverse effects.ConclusionING acutely increases REE without increasing plasma glucose. Longer term studies with multiple daily dosing will establish whether this affects body weight.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and its relation with pro‐inflammatory mediators, visceral adiposity and carotid intima‐media thickness in population with obesity
Authors: Suárez‐Cuenca Juan Antonio , Ruíz‐Hernández Atzin S. , Mendoza‐Castañeda Ana A. , Domínguez‐Pérez Gabriela A. , Hernández‐Patricio Alejandro , Vera‐Gómez Eduardo , De la Peña‐Sosa Gustavo , Banderas-Lares Diana Z. , Montoya‐Ramírez Jesus , Blas‐Azotla Ricardo , Ortíz‐Fernández Moises , Salamanca‐García Moises , Melchor‐López Alberto , Mondragón‐Terán Paul , Contreras‐Ramos Alejandra , Alcaráz-Estrada Sofia L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtherosclerosis represents a cardiovascular risk. Chronic inflammation is a key factor for atherogenic progression. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular risks. We aimed to explore whether NLR was related to surrogate pro‐atherogenic promoters driving atherogenic progression, as measured by carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT).Study DesignThirty‐one patients with obesity candidates for bariatric surgery were recruited from Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City. The results are part of the “CROP” study (NCT03561987). NLR was calculated from routine complete blood count, and its relation with plasma pro‐inflammatory mediators (hsCRP, TNF‐α and IL‐1β), adipokines (adiponectin and leptin), adiposity markers (visceral adipose tissue [VAT] determined from CT scan image and VAT individual adipocyte area at histological sample) and CIMT were determined.ResultsNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio correlated with hsCRP (Spearman's r = 0.70 [95% CI 0.46 to 0.85], P < 0.01), TNF‐α (r = 0.69 [0.44 to 0.84], P < 0.0001) and adiponectin (r = −0.69 [−0.84 to −0.45], P < 0.03), as well as with VAT individual adipocyte area (r = 0.64 [0.37 to 0.81], P < 0.0001) and with VAT area (r = 0.43; [0.07 to 0.68], P < 0.01). Leptin and adiponectin showed further independent association with higher NLR (multivariate regression analysis OR 7.9 [95% CI 1.1 to 56.2] P = 0.03 and 0.1 [0.01 to 1.0] P = 0.05, respectively). Moreover, NLR distribution significantly varied between subgroups divided according to progressive CIMT (P = 0.05); whereas adiponectin and VAT adipocyte area associated with CIMT > 0.9 mm (univariate analysis OR 0.1 [0.01 to 1.0] P = 0.05 and 13.1 [1.4 to 126.3] P = 0.03, respectively).ConclusionNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio was related to pro‐inflammatory, adiposity biomarkers and progressive subclinical atherogenesis.