bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crowdsourcing, is it a good option for your collection digitization?
Authors: Groom Quentin , Bogaerts Ann , De Smedt Sofie , Phillips Sarah 
Published: May 2018

Globally there are a number of citizen science portals to support digitisation of biodiversity collections. Digitisation not only involves imaging of the specimen itself, but also includes the digital transcription of label and ledger data, georeferencing and linking to other digital resources. Making use of the skills and enthusiasm of volunteers is potentially a good way to reduce the great backlog of specimens to be digitised.
These citizen science portals engage the public and are liberating data that would otherwise remain on paper. There is also considerable scope for expansion into other countries and languages. Therefore, should we continue to expand? Volunteers give their time for free, but the creation and maintenance of the platform is not without costs. Given a finite budget, what can you get for your money? How does the quality compare with other methods? Is crowdsourcing of label transcription faster, better and cheaper than other forms of transcription system?
We will summarize the use of volunteer transcription from our own experience and the reports of other projects. We will make our evaluation based on the costs, speed and quality of the systems and reach conclusions on why you should or should not use this method.
The Living Atlases Community in Action: Sharing Species Pages through the Atlas of Living Costa Rica
Authors: Vargas Manuel , Mora María , Ulate William , Cuadra José 
Published: May 2018

The Atlas of Living Costa Rica (http://www.crbio.cr/) is a biodiversity data portal, based on the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA), which provides integrated, free, and open access to data and information about Costa Rican biodiversity in order to support science, education, and conservation. It is managed by the Biodiversity Informatics Research Center (CRBio) and the National Biodiversity Institute (INBio).
Currently, the Atlas of Living Costa Rica includes nearly 8 million georeferenced species occurrence records, mediated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), which come from more than 900 databases and have been published by research centers in 36 countries. Half of those records are published by Costa Rican institutions. In addition, CRBio is making a special effort to enrich and share more than 5000 species pages, developed by INBio, about Costa Rican vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, nematodes, plants and fungi. These pages contain information elements pertaining to, for instance, morphological descriptions, distribution, habitat, conservation status, management, nomenclature and multimedia. This effort is aligned with collaboration established by Costa Rica with other countries such as Spain, Mexico, Colombia and Brazil to standarize this type of information through Plinian Core (https://github.com/PlinianCore), a set of vocabulary terms that can be used to describe different aspects of biological species.
The Biodiversity Information Explorer (BIE) is one of the modules made available by ALA which indexes taxonomic and species content and provides a search interface for it. We will present how CRBio is implementing BIE as part of the Atlas of Living Costa Rica in order to share all the information elements contained in the Costa Rican species pages.
SLC15A2 and SLC15A4 Mediate the Transport of Bacterially Derived Di/Tripeptides To Enhance the Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain–Dependent Immune Response in Mouse Bone Marrow–Derived Macrophages
Authors: Hu Yongjun , Song Feifeng , Jiang Huidi , Nuñez Gabriel , Smith David E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
There is increasing evidence that proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters (POTs) can transport bacterially derived chemotactic peptides and therefore reside at the critical interface of innate immune responses and regulation. However, there is substantial contention regarding how these bacterial peptides access the cytosol to exert their effects and which POTs are involved in facilitating this process. Thus, the current study proposed to determine the (sub)cellular expression and functional activity of POTs in macrophages derived from mouse bone marrow and to evaluate the effect of specific POT deletion on the production of inflammatory cytokines in wild-type, Pept2 knockout and Pht1 knockout mice. We found that PEPT2 and PHT1 were highly expressed and functionally active in mouse macrophages, but PEPT1 was absent. The fluorescent imaging of muramyl dipeptide–rhodamine clearly demonstrated that PEPT2 was expressed on the plasma membrane of macrophages, whereas PHT1 was expressed on endosomal membranes. Moreover, both transporters could significantly influence the effect of bacterially derived peptide ligands on cytokine stimulation, as shown by the reduced responses in Pept2 knockout and Pht1 knockout mice as compared with wild-type animals. Taken as a whole, our results point to PEPT2 (at plasma membranes) and PHT1 (at endosomal membranes) working in concert to optimize the uptake of bacterial ligands into the cytosol of macrophages, thereby enhancing the production of proinflammatory cytokines. This new paradigm offers significant insight into potential drug development strategies along with transporter-targeted therapies for endocrine, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases.
Formation of the Intrathymic Dendritic Cell Pool Requires CCL21-Mediated Recruitment of CCR7+ Progenitors to the Thymus
Authors: Cosway Emilie J. , Ohigashi Izumi , Schauble Karin , Parnell Sonia M. , Jenkinson William E. , Luther Sanjiv , Takahama Yousuke , Anderson Graham 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
During αβ T cell development in the thymus, migration of newly selected CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes into medullary areas enables tolerance mechanisms to purge the newly selected αβ TCR repertoire of autoreactive specificities. Thymic dendritic cells (DC) play key roles in this process and consist of three distinct subsets that differ in their developmental origins. Thus, plasmacytoid DC and Sirpα+ conventional DC type 2 are extrathymically derived and enter into the thymus via their respective expression of the chemokine receptors CCR9 and CCR2. In contrast, although Sirpα− conventional DC type 1 (cDC1) are known to arise intrathymically from immature progenitors, the precise nature of such thymus-colonizing progenitors and the mechanisms controlling their thymus entry are unclear. In this article, we report a selective reduction in thymic cDC1 in mice lacking the chemokine receptor CCR7. In addition, we show that the thymus contains a CD11c+MHC class II−Sirpα−Flt3+ cDC progenitor population that expresses CCR7, and that migration of these cells to the thymus is impaired in Ccr7−/− mice. Moreover, thymic cDC1 defects in Ccr7−/− mice are mirrored in plt/plt mice, with further analysis of mice individually lacking the CCR7 ligands CCL21Ser (Ccl21a−/−) or CCL19 (Ccl19−/−) demonstrating an essential role for CCR7-CCL21Ser during intrathymic cDC1 development. Collectively, our data support a mechanism in which CCR7-CCL21Ser interactions guide the migration of cDC progenitors to the thymus for correct formation of the intrathymic cDC1 pool.
Occupational Therapy Interventions Addressing Sleep for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Smallfield Stacy , Molitor Whitney Lucas 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Because of age-related changes in sleep patterns, older adults may get less sleep than the recommended amount and experience decreased performance in daytime activities as a result. This article examines the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy addressing sleep. Thirteen Level I studies met inclusion criteria and were categorized into three themes: (1) one-to-one single-component interventions, (2) one-to-one multicomponent interventions, and (3) group multicomponent interventions. Strong evidence supports cognitive–behavioral intervention strategies for older adults that include relaxation, sleep hygiene education, problem solving, and physical exercise, among others, delivered one to one or in a group. Routine use of these interventions is recommended.
Adaptação à universidade e transtornos mentais comuns em graduandos de enfermagem
Authors: Carleto Cíntia Tavares , Moura Raysa Cristina Dias de , Santos Virgínia Souza , Pedrosa Leila Aparecida Kauchakje 
Published: May 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar a adaptação à universidade e a sua relação com a ocorrência de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) em graduandos de enfermagem. Estudo analítico, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa dos dados, realizado com 92 graduandos de enfermagem de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior de Minas Gerais. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico e acadêmico, o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas-reduzido (QVA-r) e o Self-Reporting Questionnaire(SRQ-20). Observou-sebom nível de adaptação entre os participantes, commelhores escores nadimensão Carreira e escores inferiores na dimensão Pessoal. Encontrou-se um indicativo de TMC de 43,5% e uma correlação inversa com adaptação à universidade, indicando que quanto melhor a adaptação, menor a probabilidade de TMC. Os achados evidenciaram que o processo de adaptação à universidade está relacionado à saúde mental dos graduandos e indicam a necessidade de intervenções direcionadas à adaptação acadêmica como estratégia de promoção da saúde.
Mijn excuses! – Wat jongeren kunnen leren van het excuusgesprek in de Halt-afdoening
Authors: Buysse Wendy , Abraham Manja 
Published: May 2018

My apologies! What young offenders can learn from apologising in the Halt-intervention
The Halt-intervention is an extra-judicial intervention for young people who have committed a minor offense. This article zooms in on the results of a literature review concerning the efficacy of offering an apology, one of the core elements of the Halt-intervention. Offering an apology leads to more insight into the consequences of their behavior and it increases the sense of moral norms. Shame and guilt play a crucial role in this process. The effect of the excuse can be increased by good mediation between perpetrator and victim, good preparation of the conversation, and the drafting of a contract. These instructions can also be applied when offering an apology in other interventions.
ClusterEnG: an interactive educational web resource for clustering and visualizing high-dimensional data
Authors: Manjunath Mohith , Zhang Yi , Kim Yeonsung , Yeo Steve H. , Sobh Omar , Russell Nathan , Followell Christian , Bushell Colleen , Ravaioli Umberto , Song Jun S. 
Published: May 2018

Background
Clustering is one of the most common techniques in data analysis and seeks to group together data points that are similar in some measure. Although there are many computer programs available for performing clustering, a single web resource that provides several state-of-the-art clustering methods, interactive visualizations and evaluation of clustering results is lacking.

Methods
ClusterEnG (acronym for Clustering Engine for Genomics) provides a web interface for clustering data and interactive visualizations including 3D views, data selection and zoom features. Eighteen clustering validation measures are also presented to aid the user in selecting a suitable algorithm for their dataset. ClusterEnG also aims at educating the user about the similarities and differences between various clustering algorithms and provides tutorials that demonstrate potential pitfalls of each algorithm.

Conclusions
The web resource will be particularly useful to scientists who are not conversant with computing but want to understand the structure of their data in an intuitive manner. The validation measures facilitate the process of choosing a suitable clustering algorithm among the available options. ClusterEnG is part of a bigger project called KnowEnG (Knowledge Engine for Genomics) and is available at http://education.knoweng.org/clustereng.
Living upside down: patterns of red coral settlement in a cave
Authors: Costantini Federica , Rugiu Luca , Cerrano Carlo , Abbiati Marco 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundLarval settlement and intra-specific interactions during the recruitment phase are crucial in determining the distribution and density of sessile marine populations. Marine caves are confined and stable habitats. As such, they provide a natural laboratory to study the settlement and recruitment processes in sessile invertebrates, including the valuable Mediterranean red coralCorallium rubrum. In the present study, the spatial and temporal variability of red coral settlers in an underwater cave was investigated by demographic and genetic approaches.MethodsSixteen PVC tiles were positioned on the walls and ceiling of the Colombara Cave, Ligurian Sea, and recovered after twenty months. A total of 372 individuals of red coral belonging to two different reproductive events were recorded. Basal diameter, height, and number of polyps were measured, and seven microsatellites loci were used to evaluate the genetic relationships among individuals and the genetic structure.ResultsSignificant differences in the colonization rate were observed both between the two temporal cohorts and between ceiling and walls. No genetic structuring was observed between cohorts. Overall, high levels of relatedness among individuals were found.ConclusionThe results show thatC. rubrumindividuals on tiles are highly related at very small spatial scales, suggesting that nearby recruits are likely to be sibs. Self-recruitment and the synchronous settlement of clouds of larvae could be possible explanations for the observed pattern.
Consumo de ácidos graxos n-3 e função renal: indicativos de efeitos protetores em situações patológicas
Authors: Coelho Isabela , Nunes Everson A. 
Published: May 2018

Com o aumento do consumo de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (AGPI) n-6 em detrimento dos n-3, há maior produção de metabólitos que apresentam potentes características pró-inflamatórias, trombóticas e agregadoras. Tais efeitos são distintos das ações dos derivados dos AGPI n-3. Atualmente, estudos em modelos animais e humanos portadores de doença investigam o uso dos AGPI n-3 como potenciais modulares da função renal, que pode estar frequentemente alterada em doenças com cunho inflamatório. Em animais, a suplementação com AGPI n-3 foi capaz de prevenir o desenvolvimento de doença renal em ratos diabéticos do tipo I, melhorar o quadro de caquexia e parâmetros renais em ratos portadores de tumor, melhorar o perfil lipídico em ratos hipertensos espontâneos e também em ratos diabéticos do tipo II. Já em humanos, mesmo que a suplementação com óleo de peixe não seja completamente encorajada, existem evidências de que pacientes em diálise apresentam melhora da dislipidemia que os acomete, o que pode potencialmente prevenir alterações cardiovasculares. Tendo em vista que pesquisas utilizando AGPI n-3 mostram modificações positivas, podendo levar a uma melhora no quadro de doenças renais já instaladas, estudos com esse foco devem ser encorajados a fim de esclarecer mecanismos de ação e revelar conclusões sobre suas aplicabilidades em diversas doenças. Nesta revisão, potenciais evidências e mecanismos envolvidos no uso do AGPI n-3 para modular a função renal modificada por doença são discutidos.
Opening Doors to Future Electrochemical Energy Devices: The Anion‐Conducting Polyketone Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Nawn Graeme , Vezzù Keti , Cavinato Gianni , Pace Giuseppe , Bertasi Federico , Pagot Gioele , Negro Enrico , Di Noto Vito 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe numerous potential benefits of incorporating anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs), in place of proton‐exchange membranes (PEMs), in energy storage and conversion technologies renders their development of fundamental importance for the continued evolution of alternative energy systems. However, the widespread implementation of AEMs is currently plagued by a range of problems including lower conductivity (with respect to PEMs), poor stability, and high cost. This study reports the conversion of polyketone, one of the world's most mass produced and cheap polymers, to a new highly tuneable polymer architecture, functionalized polyketone (FPK), that demonstrates a range of excellent properties rendering it a significant prospect for AEM materials. The thermal, processing, and ion‐conducting properties of FPK are governed by the amount and nature of the newly formed N‐substituted pyrrole pendant side groups. At 80 °C, the quarternized pyridyl FPK derivative (4MPyrFPK) yields ion‐conductivities of 8.6 and 10.5 mS cm−1 in the iodide and hydroxide forms. In addition, the hydroxide form of 4MPyr‐FPK demonstrates remarkable stability toward the typically problematic alkaline conditions. No chemical decomposition is observed to the membrane after imbibing it in KOH solution for 72 h, and furthermore, the ion‐conductivity is demonstrated to remain constant for at least 30 d at 80 °C.
Cu Metal/Mn Phthalocyanine Organic Spinterfaces atop Co with High Spin Polarization at Room Temperature
Authors: Urbain E. , Ibrahim F. , Studniarek M. , Nyakam F. Ngassam , Joly L. , Arabski J. , Scheurer F. , Bertran F. , Le Fèvre P. , Garreau G. , Denys E. , Wetzel P. , Alouani M. , Beaurepaire E. , Boukari S. , Bowen M. , Weber W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe organic spinterface describes the spin‐polarized properties that develop, due to charge transfer, at the interface between a ferromagnetic metal (FM) and the molecules of an organic semiconductor. However, assembling this interface may degrade the properties of its constituents. To circumvent this issue, one can separate the molecular and FM films using a less reactive nonmagnetic metal (NM). Spin‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on the prototypical system Co(001)//Cu/Mn‐phthalocyanine (MnPc) reveal at room temperature a high spin polarization P of the Cu/MnPc spinterface atop ferromagnetic Co. Surprisingly, it is found that the Cu thickness dependence of P remains essentially constant up to 10 monolayers (ML), which is inconsistent with the description of indirect exchange coupling between the Co layer and the molecule's Mn site. Ab initio calculations account for this fundamental discrepancy by showing that the topmost Cu layer before MnPc adsorption is already significantly spin‐polarized, and contributes to the formation of the Cu/MnPc spinterface atop Co. The results open a route toward 1) integrating electronically fragile molecules within organic spinterfaces and 2) electrically manipulating molecular spin chains using the well‐documented spin‐transfer torque properties of the FM/NM bilayer.
High Performance p‐ and n‐Type Light‐Emitting Field‐Effect Transistors Employing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Sobus Jan , Bencheikh Fatima , Mamada Masashi , Wawrzinek Robert , Ribierre Jean‐Charles , Adachi Chihaya , Lo Shih‐Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLight‐emitting field‐effect transistors (LEFETs) are an emerging type of devices that combine light‐emitting properties with logical switching function. One of the factors limiting their efficiency stems from the spin statistics of electrically generated excitons. Only 25% of them, short lived singlet states, are capable of light emission, with the other 75% being long lived triplet states that are wasted as heat due to spin‐forbidden processes. Traditionally, the way to overcome this limitation is to use phosphorescent materials as additional emission channel harnessing the triplet excitons. Here, an alternative strategy for triplet usage in LEFETs in the form of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is presented. Devices employing a TADF capable material, 4CzIPN (2,4,5,6‐tetra[9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl]isophthalonitrile), in both n‐type and p‐type configurations are shown. They manifest excellent electrical characteristics, consistent brightness in the range of 100–1,000 cd m‐2 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 0.1%, which is comparable to the equivalent organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) based on the same materials. Simulation identifies the poor light out‐coupling as the main reason for lower than expected EQEs. Transmission measurements show it can be partially alleviated using a more transparent top contact, however more structural optimization is needed to tap the full potential of the device.
Towards Sub‐Microscale Liquid Metal Patterns: Cascade Phase Change Mediated Pick‐n‐Place Transfer of Liquid Metals Printed and Stretched over a Flexible Substrate
Authors: Kim Doyoon , Yoon Young , Kauh Sang Ken , Lee Jungchul 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) is actively investigated toward wearable and stretchable electronic devices due to the high fluidity, high electrical conductivity, and low toxicity. However, high surface tension along with spontaneous oxidation makes fine patterning below ≈10 µm challenging. In this paper, a novel manufacturing technique that enables EGaIn patterns of single‐digit micrometer widths on planar elastomeric substrates is presented. First, a custom direct printing setup is constructed for continuous and uniform printing of EGaIn by feedback control of the distance between the dispensing needle and the substrate. With this setup, a 120 µm wide linear pattern is printed on the Ecoflex, a stretchable elastomer. Then, the initial printed line is stretched, frozen with deionized water, and transferred to an unstretched Ecoflex substrate. Upon gentle heating after the pick‐n‐place of the EGaIn line frozen with deionized water, only the stretched EGaIn line is left on the new Ecoflex substrate. The aforementioned pick‐n‐place transfer of the stretched EGaIn frozen with water is cascaded multiple times until a target width is obtained. Finally, a 2 µm wide linear pattern, 60‐fold reduction with respect to the initial dimension, is acquired. For practical applications, strain and tactile sensors are demonstrated by width‐reduced EGaIn patterns.
Asymmetric Schottky Contacts in Bilayer MoS2 Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Antonio , Grillo Alessandro , Urban Francesca , Iemmo Laura , Giubileo Filippo , Luongo Giuseppe , Amato Giampiero , Croin Luca , Sun Linfeng , Liang Shi‐Jun , Ang Lay Kee 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe high‐bias electrical characteristics of back‐gated field‐effect transistors with chemical vapor deposition synthesized bilayer MoS2 channel and Ti Schottky contacts are discussed. It is found that oxidized Ti contacts on MoS2 form rectifying junctions with ≈0.3 to 0.5 eV Schottky barrier height. To explain the rectifying output characteristics of the transistors, a model is proposed based on two slightly asymmetric back‐to‐back Schottky barriers, where the highest current arises from image force barrier lowering at the electrically forced junction, while the reverse current is due to Schottky‐barrier‐limited injection at the grounded junction. The device achieves a photoresponsivity greater than 2.5 A W−1 under 5 mW cm−2 white‐LED light. By comparing two‐ and four‐probe measurements, it is demonstrated that the hysteresis and persistent photoconductivity exhibited by the transistor are peculiarities of the MoS2 channel rather than effects of the Ti/MoS2 interface.