bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Now you hear it: a predictive coding model for understanding rhythmic incongruity
Authors: Vuust Peter , Dietz Martin J. , Witek Maria , Kringelbach Morten L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRhythmic incongruity in the form of syncopation is a prominent feature of many contemporary musical styles. Syncopations afford incongruity between rhythmic patterns and the meter, giving rise to mental models of differently accented isochronous beats. Syncopations occur either in isolation or as part of rhythmic patterns, so‐calledgrooves. On the basis of the predictive coding framework, we discuss how brain processing of rhythm can be seen as a special case of predictive coding. We present a simple, yet powerful model for how the brain processes rhythmic incongruity: the model for predictive coding of rhythmic incongruity. Our model proposes that a given rhythm's syncopation and its metrical uncertainty (precision) is at the heart of how the brain models rhythm and meter based on priors, predictions, and prediction error. Our minimal model can explain prominent features of brain processing of syncopation: why isolated syncopations lead to stronger prediction error in the brains of musicians, as evidenced by larger event‐related potentials to rhythmic incongruity, and why we all experience a stronger urge to move to grooves with a medium level of syncopation compared with low and high levels of syncopation.
Only reappraisers profit from reappraisal instructions: Effects of instructed and habitual reappraisal on stress responses during interpersonal conflicts
Authors: Mauersberger Heidi , Hoppe Annekatrin , Brockmann Gudrun , Hess Ursula 
Published: April 2018

AbstractConflicts are an undesirable yet common aspect of daily interactions with wide‐ranging negative consequences. The present research aimed to examine the buffering effect of experimentally instructed reappraisal on self‐reported, physiological and behavioral stress indices during interpersonal conflicts, taking into account habitual emotion regulation strategies. For this, 145 participants experienced a standardized laboratory conflict with the instruction to either reappraise (n = 48), to suppress (n = 50), or with no instruction (n = 47) while cardiovascular and neuroendocrine measures were taken. Participants were allowed to eat sweet and salty snacks during the conflict situation. Prior to as well as after the conflict, participants reported on their subjective stress level. Reappraisal instructions were only effective for high habitual reappraisers who exhibited lower cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity and demonstrated fewer snack‐eating behaviors under reappraisal instructions than under suppression or no instructions. The opposite pattern emerged for low habitual reappraisers. Neither experimentally instructed nor habitual reappraisal by itself reduced the negative effects of conflicts. Our findings complement the literature on the diverging effects of instructed reappraisal in tense social interactions.
Social influences of error monitoring in adolescent girls
Authors: Barker Tyson V. , Troller‐Renfree Sonya V. , Bowman Lindsay C. , Pine Daniel S. , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdolescence is a developmental period characterized by increased social motivation and a heightened concern of peer evaluation. However, little research has examined social influences on neural functioning in adolescence. One psychophysiological measure of motivation, the error‐related negativity (ERN), is an ERP following an error. In adults, the ERN is enhanced by contextual factors that influence motivation, such as social observation and evaluation. The current study examined relations among age and neural responses in social contexts in adolescence. Seventy‐six adolescent girls (9–17 years old) completed a flanker task under two different conditions. In the social condition, adolescent girls were informed that two other adolescents would be observing and providing feedback about their performance. In the nonsocial condition, adolescent girls completed a flanker task alone and were told feedback was computer generated. Results revealed that younger adolescents exhibited a larger ERN in social contexts than nonsocial contexts. In contrast, there were no differences in the ERN between contexts among older adolescents. In addition, enhancements of the ERN in social contexts among younger adolescents diminished the relation between the ERN and age. These findings suggest that the ERN is sensitive to social contexts in early adolescence, and developmental changes in the ERN may be partially explained by contextual factors that influence motivation.
Development of Subjective Well-Being Increasing Strategies Scale for Children (1-5 Ages) Their Mothers Use
Authors: Eryılmaz Ali , Sapsağlam Özkan 
Published: April 2018

Subjective well-being is a sign of positive mental health of children. The aim of the present study is to develop subjective well-being increasing strategies scale for children whose mothers’ uses are varied 1 to 5. In this study, there were 195 mothers whose mean ages were 31, 49 and standard deviation were 4,71. Satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect scales were used. Moreover, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability and validity analysis were used. According to results, the scale has 66,03 % explained variance and four dimensions which were named as acting physical contact, playing game, satisfaction of desires and take out. The reliability and validity of the scale have enough values. The scale is valid and reliable. In future, some researches might carry out with this scale in order to increase children’s’ physical and mental health.
Modeling and optimization of hourglass-shaped aquaporins
Authors: Bonnivard Matthieu , Omnès Florian , Privat Yannick 
Published: April 2018

This paper is concerned with aquaporins (AQPs), that are proteins playing the role of water-selective channels also called nanopores, involved in many biological systems. From a technological point of view, it is relevant to design systems enjoying as good filtration properties. Inspired by [S. Gravelle, L. Joly, C. Ybert and L. Bocquet, Large permeabilities of hourglass nanopores: From hydrodynamics to single file transport, J. Chem. Phys. 141 (2014) 18C526], we investigate in a quite general framework shape optimization issues related to the improvement of hourglass-shaped aquaporins performances, in terms of energy dissipated by the fluid through the channel. After modeling this problem mathematically, we show that it is well-posed in some sense, and compute the so-called shape derivative of the cost functional in view of numerical simulations. Noting that our framework requires regularity properties of the free boundary, we introduce a dedicated numerical method, using in particular a proper shape gradient extension-regularization to adapt the mesh at each iteration, in an adequate way. Optimal shapes of aquaporins are then provided for relevant values of parameters, and we finally discuss the observed performances with respect to the existing results/literature.
Perturbation-based inference for diffusion processes: Obtaining effective models from multiscale data
Authors: Krumscheid Sebastian 
Published: April 2018

We consider the inference problem for parameters in stochastic differential equation (SDE) models from discrete time observations (e.g. experimental or simulation data). Specifically, we study the case where one does not have access to observations of the model itself, but only to a perturbed version that converges weakly to the solution of the model. Motivated by this perturbation argument, we study the convergence of estimation procedures from a numerical analysis point of view. More precisely, we introduce appropriate consistency, stability, and convergence concepts and study their connection. It turns out that standard statistical techniques, such as the maximum likelihood estimator, are not convergent methodologies in this setting, since they fail to be stable. Due to this shortcoming, we introduce and analyse a novel inference procedure for parameters in SDE models which turns out to be convergent. As such, the method is particularly suited for the estimation of parameters in effective (i.e. coarse-grained) models from observations of the corresponding multiscale process. We illustrate these theoretical findings via several numerical examples.
Characterization of ore-forming systems – advances and challenges
Authors: Gessner Klaus , Blenkinsop Tom , Sorjonen-Ward Peter 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Economically viable concentrations of mineral resources are uncommon among the predominantly silicate-dominated rocks in Earth's crust. Most ore deposits that were mined in the past or are currently being extracted were found at or near Earth's surface, often serendipitously. To meet the future demand for mineral resources, exploration success hinges on identifying targets at depth, which, on the one hand, requires advances in detection and interpretation techniques for geophysical and geochemical data. On the other hand, however, our knowledge of the chain of events that lead to ore deposit formation is limited. As geoscience embraces an integrated Earth systems approach, considering the geodynamic context of ore deposits can provide a step change in understanding why, how, when and where geological systems become ore-forming systems. Contributions to this volume address the future resources challenge by: (i) applying advanced microscale geochemical detection and characterization methods; (ii) introducing more rigorous 3D Earth models; (iii) exploring critical behaviour and coupled processes; (iv) evaluating the role of geodynamic and tectonic setting; and (v) applying 3D structural models to characterize specific ore-forming systems.
A Model of Overall Survival Predicts Treatment Outcomes with Atezolizumab versus Chemotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Based on Early Tumor Kinetics
Authors: Claret Laurent , Jin Jin Y. , Ferté Charles , Winter Helen , Girish Sandhya , Stroh Mark , He Pei , Ballinger Marcus , Sandler Alan , Joshi Amita , Rittmeyer Achim , Gandara David , Soria Jean-Charles , Bruno René 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Standard endpoints often poorly predict overall survival (OS) with immunotherapies. We investigated the predictive performance of model-based tumor growth inhibition (TGI) metrics using data from atezolizumab clinical trials in patients with non–small cell lung cancer.
Patients and Methods: OS benefit with atezolizumab versus docetaxel was observed in both POPLAR (phase II) and OAK (phase III), although progression-free survival was similar between arms. A multivariate model linking baseline patient characteristics and on-treatment tumor growth rate constant (KG), estimated using time profiles of sum of longest diameters (RECIST 1.1) to OS, was developed using POPLAR data. The model was evaluated to predict OAK outcome based on estimated KG at TGI data cutoffs ranging from 10 to 122 weeks.
Results: In POPLAR, TGI profiles in both arms crossed at 25 weeks, with more shrinkage with docetaxel and slower KG with atezolizumab. A log-normal OS model, with albumin and number of metastatic sites as independent prognostic factors and estimated KG, predicted OS HR in subpopulations of patients with varying baseline PD-L1 expression in both POPLAR and OAK: model-predicted OAK HR (95% prediction interval), 0.73 (0.63–0.85), versus 0.73 observed. The POPLAR OS model predicted greater than 97% chance of success of OAK (significant OS HR, P &lt; 0.05) from the 40-week data cutoff onward with 50% of the total number of tumor assessments when a successful study was predicted from 70 weeks onward based on observed OS.
Conclusions: KG has potential as a model-based early endpoint to inform decisions in cancer immunotherapy studies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3292–8. ©2018 AACR.
Cycling Toward Progress: Ribociclib, a CDK 4/6 Inhibitor for Breast Cancer
Authors: Spring Laura , Bardia Aditya 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Ribociclib is an orally active, highly selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6. It is the second CDK 4/6 inhibitor approved for hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. The addition of ribociclib to an aromatase inhibitor has resulted in marked improvements in progression-free survival for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 2981–3. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Shah et al., p. 2999
Favorable Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Profile Is Associated With Lower Healthcare Costs Among Cancer Patients: The 2012–2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Authors: Singh Jai , Valero‐Elizondo Javier , Salami Joseph A. , Warraich Haider J. , Ogunmoroti Oluseye , Spatz Erica S. , Desai Nihar , Rana Jamal S. , Virani Salim S. , Blankstein Ron , Blaha Michael J. , Nasir Khurram 
Published: April 2018

Background

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (
ASCVD
) and cancer are among the leading causes of economic burden, morbidity, and mortality in the United States. We aimed to quantify the overall impact of cardiovascular modifiable risk factor (
CRF
) profile on healthcare expenditures among those with and without
ASCVD
and/or cancer.

Methods and Results

The 2012–2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative adult sample (≥40 years), was utilized for the study. Variables included
ASCVD
,
CRF
(hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, physical activity and/or obesity), and cancer (all). Two‐part econometric models analyzed cost data. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey participants (n=27 275, 59±9 years, 52% female) were studied and 14% had cancer, translating to 25.6 million
US
adults over 40 years of age. A higher prevalence of
ASCVD
was noted in those with versus without cancer (25% versus 14%). Absence of
ASCVD
and a more favorable
CRF
profile were associated with significantly lower expenditures across the spectrum of cancer diagnosis. Among cancer patients, the adjusted mean annual cost for those with and without
ASCVD
were $10 852 (95% confidence interval [8917, 12 788]) and $6436 (95% confidence interval [5531, 7342]). Among cancer patients without
ASCVD
, adjusted annual healthcare expenditures among those with optimal versus poor
CRF
profile were $4782 and $7256.

Conclusions

In a nationally representative
US
adult population, absence of
ASCVD
and a favorable
CRF
profile were associated with significantly lower medical expenditure among cancer patients. This provides estimates to continue better cardiovascular management and prevention practices, while contextualizing the burden of cancer.
10‐Year Associations Between Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors 1 and 2 and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease: A CLARICOR (Effect of Clarithromycin on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease) Trial Substudy
Authors: Carlsson Axel C. , Ruge Toralph , Kjøller Erik , Hilden Jørgen , Kolmos Hans Jørn , Sajadieh Ahmad , Kastrup Jens , Jensen Gorm Boje , Larsson Anders , Nowak Christoph , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Winkel Per , Gluud Christian , Ärnlöv Johan 
Published: April 2018

Background
We aimed to assess the associations and predictive powers between the soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α (TNFR1 and TNFR2) and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary heart disease.

Methods and Results

CLARICOR (Effect of Clarithromycin on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease) is a randomized clinical trial comparing clarithromycin with placebo in patients with stable coronary heart disease. The primary outcome was a composite of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, cerebrovascular disease, and all‐cause mortality. Patients were followed up for 10 years; discovery sample, those assigned placebo (1204 events in n=1998); and replication sample, those assigned clarithromycin (1220 events in n=1979). We used Cox regression adjusted for C‐reactive protein level, established cardiovascular risk factors, kidney function, and cardiovascular drugs. After adjustments, higher serum levels of
TNFR
1 and
TNFR
2 were associated with the composite outcome in the discovery sample (hazard ratio per SD increase, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.22;
P
=0.001 for
TNFR
1; hazard ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.24;
P
<0.001 for
TNFR
2). The associations were similar in the replication sample. The associations with the composite outcome were mainly driven by acute myocardial infarction, cardiovascular mortality, and noncardiovascular mortality. The addition of
TNFR
1 and
TNFR
2 to established cardiovascular risk factors improved prediction only modestly (<1%).

Conclusions

Increased concentrations of circulating
TNFR
1 and
TNFR
2 were associated with increased risks of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Yet, the utility of measuring
TNFR
1 and
TNFR
2 to improve risk prediction in these patients appears limited.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
00121550.
Beneficial Role of Neutrophils Through Function of Lactoferrin After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhao Xiurong , Ting Shun-Ming , Sun Guanghua , Roy-O’Reilly Meaghan , Mobley Alexis S. , Bautista Garrido Jesus , Zheng Xueping , Obertas Lidiya , Jung Joo Eun , Kruzel Marian , Aronowski Jaroslaw 
Published: April 2018

Background and Purpose—
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease with a 30-day mortality of ~50%. There are no effective therapies for ICH. ICH results in brain damage in 2 major ways: through the mechanical forces of extravasated blood and then through toxicity of the intraparenchymal blood components including hemoglobin/iron. LTF (lactoferrin) is an iron-binding protein, uniquely abundant in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). After ICH, circulating blood PMNs enter the ICH-afflicted brain where they release LTF. By virtue of sequestrating iron, LTF may contribute to hematoma detoxification.

Methods—
ICH in mice was produced using intrastriatal autologous blood injection. PMNs were depleted with intraperitoneal administration of anti-Ly-6G antibody. Treatment of mouse brain cell cultures with lysed RBC or iron was used as in vitro model of ICH.

Results—

LTF mRNA was undetectable in the mouse brain, even after ICH. Unlike mRNA, LTF protein increased in ICH-affected hemispheres by 6 hours, peaked at 24 to 72 hours, and remained elevated for at least a week after ICH. At the single cell level, LTF was detected in PMNs in the hematoma-affected brain at all time points after ICH. We also found elevated LTF in the plasma after ICH, with a temporal profile similar to LTF changes in the brain. Importantly, mrLTF (recombinant mouse LTF) reduced the cytotoxicity of lysed RBC and FeCl
3
to brain cells in culture. Ultimately, in an ICH model, systemic administration of mrLTF (at 3, 24, and 48 hours after ICH) reduced brain edema and ameliorated neurological deficits caused by ICH. mrLTF retained the benefit in reducing behavioral deficit even with 24-hour treatment delay. Interestingly, systemic depletion of PMNs at 24 hours after ICH worsened neurological deficits, suggesting that PMN infiltration into the brain at later stages after ICH could be a beneficial response.

Conclusions—
LTF delivered to the ICH-affected brain by infiltrating PMNs may assist in hematoma detoxification and represent a powerful potential target for the treatment of ICH.
Coat Color of Shelter Dogs and Its Role in Dog Adoption
Authors: Voslarova Eva , Zak Jiri , Vecerek Vladimir , Bedanova Iveta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCoat color influenced the likelihood of a dog being reclaimed from a shelter as well as the length of stay (LOS) of abandoned dogs at the shelter. The shortestLOSwas found in brindle and multicolor dogs (median time until adoption: 17 and 18 days, respectively) followed by white, fawn, red, brown, black and tan, and grey dogs. Black dogs had the greatestLOS(median 32 days). In lost dogs, coat color had no significant effect on the time spent at a shelter, the median time until a dog was reclaimed by his/her caretaker being one day, irrespective of the coat color. However, the results of our study suggest that black, brown, and brindle dogs are more likely to be abandoned by their caretakers, and that fawn, black and tan, grey, and red dogs, if lost, have a better chance of being reclaimed by their caretakers.
Promoting Technology Transfers in Nigeria’s Extractive Industries: A Review of the Legal Regime, the Challenges and Proposals for Responses
Authors: Orji Uchenna Jerome 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The need to bridge the technological gap between developed and developing countries have remained a major topic in the arena of international economic policy over the last fifty years. In this respect, the critical role of technology transfers in facilitating the development of developing countries has continued to receive international attention. However, many developing countries have also taken their own paths to promote technology transfers in critical economic sectors by establishing enabling legal and policy measures with the aim of fostering economic development through that process. This article examines the legal regime for promoting and regulating technology transfers in Nigeria’s extractive industries and highlights some of its drawbacks. The article also examines other peculiar challenges hindering technology transfers in Nigeria’s extractive industries and proposes legal and policy measures to address those challenges.
Ret Oncogene Protein Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Related Lesions
Authors: Mai Kien T , Landry Denise C , Thomas Jane , Yazdi Hossein M , Perkins D Garth , Odell Paul F 
Published: April 2018

Background Activation of Ret oncogenes, particularly Ret/PTC, has been identified in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunostaining pattern of Ret oncogene protein in PTC and nodular non-PTC lesions with a fine chromatin pattern. Materials and Methods Ninety-three PTC and 139 nodular non-PTC lesions were microscopically reviewed to identify the nuclear changes of “limited nuclear features of PTC” (focal nuclear grooves, nuclear inclusions or optically clear nuclei) and areas of infiltrating carcinoma (IC) and were submitted for immunostaining with Ret oncogene protein antiserum. Results Immunoreactivity for Ret protein ranged from negative in follicular adenoma (FA) with a coarse chromatin pattern, to negative or weak reactivity in FA with a fine chromatin pattern, to strong reactivity in PTC with areas of infiltrating carcinoma (IC). In FA with fine chromatin, FA and follicular carcinoma (FC) containing an admixture of areas of coarse and fine chromatin, areas with nuclear changes with “limited nuclear features of PTC” displayed varying degrees of immunoreactivity. The intensity of immunostaining varied with the degree of nuclear change. The noninvasive component of PTC with IC usually showed more extensive and stronger reactivity than PTC without IC. PTCs with and without IC were associated with a rate of lymph node metastasis of 48% and 3%, respectively. Conclusions The expression of Ret oncogenes (Ret/PTC, other unknown variants or wild type) is focally or extensively present in all PTC with IC. The degree of immunoreactivity is likely to be proportional to the potential for lymph node metastasis of PTC. In the context of this study and due to the specificity of Ret oncogenes, it is likely that nodular non-PTC lesions with a fine chromatin pattern and focal positive reactivity for Ret oncogene represent PTC-related lesions.