bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estratégias fotoprotetoras contra fotocarcinogênese e fotoenvelhecimento
Authors: Gregório Eric , Amorim Maria , Almeida Júlia , Paula Rubiana 
Published: September 2018

ResumoA luz solar é imprescindível para a vida e para processos fisiológicos, mas também está associada, em dose-risco proporcional, ao tempo e à intensidade da exposição, ao desenvolvimento de fotoenvelhecimento e, em casos mais graves, ao surgimento de fotocarcinogênese em pessoas geneticamente suscetíveis e de fototipos mais vulneráveis. Tendo em vista os diversos métodos de proteção solar, em especial as diversas formulações de protetores solares orgânicos e inorgânicos, o presente estudo objetivou revisar a melhor estratégia para proteção contra os efeitos danosos dos raios solares, possibilitando a promoção sustentada de saúde e qualidade de vida. Concluiu-se que o uso de agentes de vestuário de proteção associado a protetores solares de amplo espectro, que combinem compostos inorgânicos/de barreira com compostos orgânicos/de filtragem, forma a combinação mais eficaz para proteção solar, associando elevado grau de barramento de ondas ultravioleta (UV) A e B com fotoestabilidade e resistência à água elevadas para indivíduos que se expõem ao sol por períodos prolongados, especialmente para os que exercem funções laborais nestas condições.
Results of Early Versus Delayed Decompression for Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Single Center Prospective Study
Authors: Nayak Biswaranjan , B. H Krishnamurthy , Kumar Arun , Patro Sushanta , Sahoo Prafulla , Biswal Debabrat , Chandankhede Abhijeet , Singh Balwant , Nayak Himanshu , Shukla Dhanwantari 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Objective This study was done with the aim to compare the clinical outcome and patient's quality of life between early (within 24 hours post-injury) versus delayed (after 24 hours to 7 days) surgically treated patients of acute cervical spinal cord injury. The current study was based on the hypothesis that early surgical decompression and fixations in acute cervical spinal cord trauma are safe and are associated with improved outcome as compared with delayed surgical decompression.
Methods A total of 54 patients were recruited and divided into early decompression surgery group A (operated within 24 hours of trauma; n = 25) and late/delayed decompression surgery group B (operated between 24 hours and 7 days of trauma; n = 29). The patients in both groups were followed up, and comparative differences noted in the neurological outcome, quality of life, and bony fusion.
Results The early surgery group had lesser postoperative complications. In group A, 54.17% patients had 1 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade improvement, while 29.17% experienced > 2 AIS grade improvement (p = 0.015). In group B, the neurological improvement was 50 and 21.43%, respectively (p = 0.003). There was a significant improvement in the postoperative quality of life scores in early surgery group.
Conclusion Early surgery in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury should be considered strongly in view of the lesser complications, better neurological recovery, and reduced mortality.
Pyramidal and Proprioceptive Dysfunctions as the Main Neurologic Features In Symptomatic Type I Chiari Malformation Patients
Authors: Leimig Bruno , Vidal Claudio , Valença Marcelo , Silva Joacil , Matias Filho Walter 
Published: September 2018

Objective Broader access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increased the diagnosis of tonsillar ectopia, with most of these patients being asymptomatic. The early diagnosis and treatment of type I Chiari malformation (CM I) patients has impact on the prognosis. This study supplements information about the neurologic exam of symptomatic patients with CM I.
Methods The sample was composed of 32 symptomatic patients with CM I diagnosed by a combination of tonsil herniation of more than 5 mm below the magnum foramen (observed in the sagittal T2 MRI) and at least one of the following alterations: intractable occipital headache, ataxia, upper or lower motor neuron impairment, sensitivity deficits (superficial and deep) or lower cranial nerves disorders.
Results Occipital headache was the most frequent symptom (53.12%). During the physical exam, the most common dysfunctions were those from the pyramidal system (96.87%), followed by posterior cord syndrome (87.5%).
Discussion In this study, patients became symptomatic around the fifth decade of life, which is compatible with previous descriptions. Patients with more than 2 years of evolution have worse responses to treatment. Occipital headache, symptoms in the upper limbs, gait and proprioceptive disorders are common findings in patients with CM I.
Conclusion Deep tendinous reflexes and proprioception disorders were the main neurologic features found in symptomatic CM I patients.
Congenital Pneumonia
Authors: Zainudin Zurina , Kassim Zainab , Othman Norlijah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCongenital pneumonia is one of the common causes of respiratory distress at birth, with significant morbidity and mortality in neonates, especially among preterm infants, and particularly in developing countries. The etiological agents are many and vary between the developed and underdeveloped parts of the world. Group B streptococci have been attributed as the most common organisms causing severe pneumonia, particularly in developed countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is now an increasing risk in underdeveloped countries such as Zimbabwe. Ureaplasma spp. have been highlighted as an important cause of congenital pneumonia in recent years. Clinical manifestations are often nonspecified, and majority of infections appear within the first 48 hours of life. Establishing the microbial diagnosis of congenital pneumonia is challenging. Molecular diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction has an extremely improved diagnostic yield as compared with other conventional detection methods. However, it is often associated with a high level of contamination and may not be available in most hospitals. Management of congenital pneumonia is multifaceted and the most vital is towards eliminating the possible incriminating agent. This review updates the current knowledge on congenital pneumonia and discusses its etiology, diagnosis, preventive strategies, and management.
Enjeux de la traduction-rédaction Web dans un environnement multilingue
Authors: Husseini Dima EL 
Published: September 2018

RésuméCette étude se propose de mener une réflexion sur les enjeux de la traduction-rédaction du discours institutionnel. Il s’agit plus précisément de l’étude des enjeux de la rédaction Web dans l’environnement multilingue. Notre analyse porte, dans une optique traductologique, sur les pratiques de la rédaction Web à travers l’étude de deux exemples de discours institutionnels dans le monde arabe : l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (Bureau régional de la Méditerranée orientale) et l’Organisme général de l’information, portail du gouvernement égyptien chargé de promouvoir la culture et l’image de l’Égypte. La réflexion que nous menons dans cette étude s’interroge sur l’évolution des pratiques de la traduction-rédaction Web dans son rapport avec les métiers de la traduction. Nous analyserons des exemples représentatifs des particularités de la rédaction Web en français et en arabe : production et optimisation de contenus, rédaction de métadonnées, adaptation à l’utilisateur et aux moteurs de recherche. Le fond et la forme du contenu s’inscrivent dans une perspective axée sur l’utilisateur. Les spécificités de la rédaction Web seront étudiées dans leurs rapports avec la culture locale. Quelles particularités pour l’utilisateur arabe notamment égyptien francophone ou non ? Dans ce contexte, une réflexion sera menée sur les enjeux d’ordre linguistique et socio-culturel dans l’opération de rédaction Web du discours institutionnel.
La traduction sous contrainte – une expérience d’enseignement de sous-titrage en traduction pragmatique de l’anglais en japonais
Authors: Ito Hiromi 
Published: September 2018

Résumé
Les étudiants de Master 2 ont sous-titré en japonais une interview d’un économiste américain, réalisée et diffusée par le site Democracy Now!. L’exercice avait pour l’objectif la mise en ligne de la vidéo sous-titrée sur le site de Democracy Now Japan.
Nous examinons le processus des réécritures depuis la première traduction, la rédaction des sous-titres, jusqu’à la révision finale par la responsable du site japonais.
Notre analyse porte sur trois points : (1) la réécriture imposée par les règles et les contraintes de sous-titrage, (2) la réécriture rendue nécessaire pour adapter le contenu des propos de l’économiste américain au public japonais, avec comme étape préliminaire les recherches effectuées par nos étudiants pour la compréhension juste et complète de l’interview réalisée pour le public américain ; (3) la révision finale faite par une traductrice expérimentée.
A travers ces analyses, nous dégagerons les particularités des exercices de sous-titrage en terme de compétences rédactionnelles.
De l’humour involontaire en traduction pragmatique
Authors: Froeliger Nicolas 
Published: September 2018

RésuméNous parlons d’humour involontaire lorsque se glisse dans un texte d’arrivée un élément comique qui est passé inaperçu des traducteurs, que ceux-ci en soient à l’origine, ou l’aient simplement transmis par inadvertance. Après avoir positionné ce problème aux confins des études sur l’humour et de la traductologie et différencié le sujet qui nous occupe de celui de la transposition de l’humour volontaire, cet article, qui se limite à la traduction pragmatique, envisage ce phénomène à travers ses différents mécanismes, du plus trivial (méconnaissance de la langue de départ, sacralisation du texte de départ…) au plus subtil (oubli du réel, défaut de raisonnement par catégories…). Il en envisage ensuite la prophylaxie à travers différents moyens (révision, prise de distance, recours à l’humour volontaire), qui sont tous susceptibles de se retourner contre leur utilisateur. C’est le signe qu’une cause plus profonde est à l’œuvre : la peur que le texte traduit apparaisse comme un canular, et fasse honte au traducteur. Peur dont on peut espérer que la professionnalisation croissante aura raison. D’où un dernier remède, suggéré naguère par Marcel Pagnol à Jean d’Ormesson, mais à utiliser avec discernement : « L’important, c’est de s’en foutre. »
The metalinguistic awareness of bilingual (Persian-Baluchi) and monolingual (Persian) learners of English
language
Authors: Izadi Mehri , Yarahmadzehi Nahid 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the metalinguistic awareness of Persian- and Persian-Baluchi-speaking students who were in the
process of learning English as their second and third languages, respectively. In order to study learners’ metalinguistic
awareness in error identification, correction and explanation they were asked to complete a syntactic awareness test. Findings
demonstrated that Baluch respondents noted and corrected a greater proportion of grammatical errors than Persian respondents in
English. Moreover, Baluch participants had a more grammar-oriented approach in correcting the errors they noted than the Persian
participants, whose approaches were relatively content-oriented for some errors. As for error explanation, Baluch participants
produced a greater proportion of error explanations and had a more grammar-oriented approach than did the Persian participants,
however, their differences in this case were not statistically significant. These differences were observed on the dimensions that
were both similar and dissimilar across the three languages (Persian, Baluchi, and English).
Identities of accommodation; identities of resistance
Authors: Graziano Matthew James , Okazaki Sumie , Chun Grace , Barnes Sophie P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo explore individual identity narratives of accommodation and resistance in relationship to dominant American social, political and cultural constructs, this paper uses the Listening Guide Method of Qualitative Inquiry (Gilligan et al., 2006) to investigate the intersectionality of race, ethnicity, gender and American identity during and post college among four second-generation, college educated, Korean American women. The analysis, drawing from the emergence of themes across interviews, found that participant women accommodated and/or resisted dominant American social, political, and cultural constructs in service of their individual Korean American identities narratives during and post college.
Confirming two cultures
Authors: Irwin Anthea 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe learning journey of adult learners of Irish in post-conflict Northern Ireland can contain contentious elements, particularly related to (perceived) politicisation of the language during and following the conflict.Coates and Thornborrow (2005)suggest that stories involve striking a balance between deviation from norms and presenting oneself as “culture confirming”, so an apt way to explore these learners’ experiences is to elicit and analyse their narratives. A majority of the narratives contain one or more “opponents”, in the Greimasian sense, that detrimentally affected the learner’s engagement with the Irish language and would therefore invite negative evaluation. The learners, however, use a unique range of devices to mitigate, background, abstract or make implicit their evaluation. This enables them to simultaneously mark and move on from the challenge, maintain or restore equilibrium, and confirm two cultures: their traditional culture and a new post-conflict cultural formation.
Processing of grammatical metaphor
Authors: Heilmann Arndt , Serbina Tatiana , Neumann Stella 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper investigates cognitive effort invested in the translation and reading of grammatical metaphor. It is based on the
results of two experiments conducted using the methods of keylogging and eyetracking. To test differences in processing, we
devised a number of metaphorical and congruent stimuli integrated into a popular-scientific text. In this paper cognitive effort,
operationalized through a number of pause and gaze measures, is examined by means of linear-mixed regression modelling. Our
results show no difference in processing effort between congruent and metaphorical stretches of text.
Iconic culture-specific images influence language non-selective translation activation in bilinguals
Authors: Kapiley Keerthana , Kumar Mishra Ramesh 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Two experiments using the visual-world paradigm examined whether culture-specific images influence the activation of translation
equivalents during spoken-word recognition in bilinguals. In Experiment 1, the participants performed a visual-world task during
which they were asked to click on the target after the spoken word (L1 or L2). In Experiment 2, the participants were presented
with culture-specific images (faces representing L1, L2 and Neutral) during the visual world task. Time-course analysis of
Experiment 1 revealed that there were a significantly higher number of looks to TE-cohort member compared to distractors only when
participants heard to L2 words. In Experiment 2, when the cultural-specific images were congruent with the spoken word’s language,
participants deployed higher number of looks to TE-cohort member compared to distractors. This effect was seen in both the
language directions but not when the culture-specific images were incongruent with the spoken word. The eyetracking data suggest
that culture-specific images influence cross-linguistic activation of semantics during bilingual audio-visual language
processing.
Gamer emotions in laughter
Authors: O’Hagan Minako , Flanagan Marian 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This study is motivated by the assumption that today’s function-oriented game localisation approach has room for improvement by
incorporating an affect-oriented approach. It draws on the concept of “affective framing” in a game with humour as “emotionally
competent stimuli”. Laughter as emotion data were collected from German, Japanese and Irish participants playing in their native
language relevant versions of the US-origin casual game Plants vs. Zombies. This small-scale
empirical study, combined with gamer interviews and gameplay trajectory, reveal evidence of specific functions of gamer emotions
across all three groups, most often as a relief during game play, facilitating the gamer’s ability to retain engagement by
accessing the emotional function of humour. The data suggest that affective framing through humour that is made culturally
relevant is deemed more important for the German group than the other groups. This group negatively perceived cultural stereotypes
in the game, whereas the Irish group perceived cultural associations positively. The focus on user emotions brings the neglected
affective dimension to the fore and towards affect-oriented game localisation as interdisciplinary research.
Can self-esteem and creative intelligence foster accuracy and creativity in professional translators?
Authors: Cifuentes-Férez Paula , Meseguer Cutillas Purificación 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Over this last decade translation process research has provided evidence for the importance of studying translators and
interpreters’ individual differences so as to gain a better understanding of the cognitive processes involved in translation and
the potential impact of the translator’s personality and emotions on translation performance. Drawing on previous research on the
impact of self-esteem and creativity on translation, the present paper describes an experiment to measure the effect of
self-esteem and creative intelligence on the written translation performance of a sample of 44 Spanish professional translators.
The results reveal that (a) the more creative translators are, the more creative translations they produce; and (b) the higher
translators’ self-esteem is, the lower the scores for accuracy.
Final report for CCQM-K86.b relative quantification of Bt63 in GM rice matrix sample
Authors: Dong Lianhua , Sui Zhiwei , Wang Jing , Tang Vincent H M , Chum Winnie W Y , Lee Foo–wing , Sin Della W M , Pérez–Urquiza Melina , Burns Malcolm , Ellison Stephen L R , Parkes Helen , Milavec Mojca , Prawettongsopon Chaiwat , Griffiths Kate R , McLaughlin Jacob L H , Shibayama Sachie , Akyurek Sema , Akgoz Muslum 
Published: September 2018

A key comparison CCQM-K86.b was performed to demonstrate and document the capacity of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) in the determination of the relative quantity of two specific genomic DNA fragments present in a rice powder. The study provides the support for the following measurement claim: "Quantification of the ratio of the number of copies of specified intact sequence fragments of a length up to 150 nucleotides following extraction from an unprocessed, high starch ground seed matrix, with a copy number ratio from 0.005 to 1". The study was carried out under the auspices of the Nucleic Acids Working Group (NAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM) and was jointly coordinated by the National Institute of Metrology, China (NIMC) and Government Laboratory Hong Kong (GLHK).The following laboratories (in alphabetical order) participated in this key comparison study: CENAM (Mexico); GLHK (Hong Kong); LGC (United Kingdom); NIB (Slovenia); NIMC (P.R. of China); NIMT (Thailand); NMIA (Australia); NMIJ (Japan); TÜBITAK-UME (Turkey). Good agreement was observed between the reported results.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
Genetically modified (GM) crops, digital PCR, copy number ratio, GM rice

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Social constructions
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Sociology could be described as the study of social structures and social institutions, and sociological work is often divided into topics such as class structure, the family, crime and deviance, and religion. But how is sociology distinctive? ‘Social constructions’ examines what constitutes sociology. Biology provides a useful starting point because if we can understand the extent to which the biology of most animals determines their lives, and then appreciate the extent to which it fails to do so for humans, we can see the importance of culture. It concludes that reality is socially constructed, our behaviour has hidden social causes, and much of social life is profoundly ironic.
The modern world
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Although we can view sociology as a disinterested intellectual discipline that stands aside from the world it observes, sociology is itself a symptom of the very things it describes. ‘The modern world’ summarizes what sociology sees as distinctive about the social formations that concern it, considering modernity, social order, social mobility, and postmodernity. The key sociological proposition that much of our world is inadvertent and unintended is important, not just for understanding why things do not go as planned, but also for understanding why things are as they are. This has serious policy implications, because if we misunderstand the causes of what concerns us, we misdirect our efforts to change it.
Sexual differences in weaponry and defensive behavior in a neotropical harvestman
Authors: Segovia Júlio M G , Murayama Gabriel P , Willemart Rodrigo H 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSexual differences in morphology can evolve by sexual selection and/or natural selection. In some species, only males have morphological structures that are used as weapons. Since some weapons may also be used for defensive purposes, males and females may behave differently towards predators. In some species of harvestmen (Arachnida and Opiliones), males have sharp apophyses (“spines”) on their 4th pair of legs whereas females lack them. Those apophyses are used in male–male fights and in antipredatory behaviors. The harvestmen antipredatory repertory also encompasses passive defenses such as thanatosis (death feigning), retaliation (attack on predators), and chemical defense. Due to the sexual differences on weaponry, we hypothesized that males and females of Mischonyx cuspidatus (Gonyleptidae) rely on different defensive strategies. We experimentally induced males and females to perform 3 defensive behaviors: thanatosis, pinching with legs, and chemical release. We predicted that females would engage more in passive and chemical defenses than males, whereas males would rely more on retaliation than females. As expected, females performed thanatosis more often than males. Likewise, males performed retaliation more often than females. We did not find differences in the rate of chemical defense use between the sexes. This study provides evidence that due to sexual dimorphism, alternative antipredatory behaviors may have been selected in the different sexes in M. cuspidatus.