bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Conciliation and Mediation in Collective Labour Conflicts in Europe
Authors: Belén García Ana , Pender Erica , Medina Francisco J. , Euwema Martin 
Published: August 2018

Promoting Conciliation and Mediation in Collective Labour Conflicts in Europe: Celebrating 50 years of Federal Mediation Services in Belgium
On 23 April 2018, the Belgian Ministry of Labour, together with a consortium of 12 European research institutes, held a symposium on the current state of the art and best practices for conciliation and mediation in collective labour conflicts within the European Union, and particularly in Belgium. The symposium was organized for two occasions. First, the 50st anniversary of the Belgium law, providing mediation services by the Ministry of Labour to prevent and mediate in collective labour conflicts. Second, the presentation of the results of an EU (DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion) sponsored project in 12 EU member states.The management of collective labour conflicts is in all countries regulated differently. The study shows that also practices of third party intervention differ largely. Most countries differentiate conciliation (a relative informal process of facilitated negotiation), mediation (usually defined as a strong involvement of the third party, who gives recommendations to the parties), and arbitration. Mediators typically are not trained, certified or registered as mediators in most countries. In all countries there is a large potential for conciliation, particularly in early stages of conflict (preventive mediation), as well as in rebuilding of trust after conflict episodes. More details in open access book: Mediation in collective labor conflicts (Springer, 2018).
Eye movement control during visual pursuit in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wu Chia-Chien , Cao Bo , Dali Veena , Gagliardi Celia , Barthelemy Olivier J. , Salazar Robert D. , Pomplun Marc , Cronin-Golomb Alice , Yazdanbakhsh Arash 
Published: August 2018

Background
Prior studies of oculomotor function in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have either focused on saccades without considering smooth pursuit, or tested smooth pursuit while excluding saccades. The present study investigated the control of saccadic eye movements during pursuit tasksand assessed the quality of binocular coordinationas potential sensitive markers of PD.

Methods
Observers fixated on a central cross while a target moved toward it. Once the target reached the fixation cross, observers began to pursue the moving target. To further investigate binocular coordination, the moving target was presented on both eyes (binocular condition), or on one eye only (dichoptic condition).

Results
The PD group made more saccades than age-matched normal control adults (NC) both during fixation and pursuit. The difference between left and right gaze positions increased over time during the pursuit period for PD but not for NC. The findings were not related to age, as NC and young-adult control group (YC) performed similarly on most of the eye movement measures, and were not correlated with classical measures of PD severity (e.g., Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score).

Discussion
Our results suggest that PD may be associated with impairment not only in saccade inhibition, but also in binocular coordination during pursuit, and these aspects of dysfunction may be useful in PD diagnosis or tracking of disease course.
Intratumor heterogeneity defines treatment‐resistant HER2+ breast tumors
Authors: Rye Inga H. , Trinh Anne , Sætersdal Anna B. , Nebdal Daniel , Lingjærde Ole Christian , Almendro Vanessa , Polyak Kornelia , Børresen‐Dale Anne‐Lise , Helland Åslaug , Markowetz Florian , Russnes Hege G. 
Published: August 2018

Targeted therapy for patients with HER2‐positive (HER2+) breast cancer has improved overall survival, but many patients still suffer relapse and death from the disease. Intratumor heterogeneity of both estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 expression has been proposed to play a key role in treatment failure, but little work has been done to comprehensively study this heterogeneity at the single‐cell level. In this study, we explored the clinical impact of intratumor heterogeneity of ER protein expression, HER2 protein expression, and HER2 gene copy number alterations. Using combined immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization on tissue sections followed by a validated computational approach, we analyzed more than 13 000 single tumor cells across 37 HER2+ breast tumors. The samples were taken both before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus HER2‐targeted treatment, enabling us to study tumor evolution as well. We found that intratumor heterogeneity for HER2 copy number varied substantially between patient samples. Highly heterogeneous tumors were associated with significantly shorter disease‐free survival and fewer long‐term survivors. Patients for which HER2 characteristics did not change during treatment had a significantly worse outcome. This work shows the impact of intratumor heterogeneity in molecular diagnostics for treatment selection in HER2+ breast cancer patients and the power of computational scoring methods to evaluate in situ molecular markers in tissue biopsies.
Risk Dependency Analysis (
RDA
) in Complex Projects
Authors: Paolo Cavanna , Franco Caron , Filippo Fratoni 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Dependencies and interdependencies between major risks are becoming a critical issue for large engineering projects. Current project risk analysis and management (PRAM) process does not focus effectively on relationships between risks, even though risks are often not independent in complex projects. As a consequence, we develop a risk dependency analysis (RDA) procedure to support PRAM. It entails three phases: Dependency Identification, Dependency Assessment, and Dependency Quantification. The aim of Dependency Identification is to describe risk dependencies and interdependencies through a design structure matrix (DSM) and gather them in clusters. Dependency Assessment is an unconventional probabilistic approach, which considers risk dependencies as events with their own probabilities, while Dependency Quantification estimates the impact of risk dependencies on project performance. The application of RDA to the Oil & Gas Industry uses a Monte Carlo simulation model, which aims at estimating schedule delays and capital expenditure (CAPEX) overruns.
Prevalence of Radiographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis in Young and Middle‐Aged Adults With Persistent Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Collins Natalie J. , Oei Edwin H. G. , de Kanter Janneke L. , Vicenzino Bill , Crossley Kay M. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of radiographic features of patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) in adults with persistent PF pain, to describe the prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–defined PF OA and compare it to that in age‐ and sex‐matched controls, and to explore the prevalence of radiographic and MRI‐defined PF OA across age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) groups.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 84 individuals with PF pain ≥3 months duration and 26 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. In participants with PF pain, posteroanterior, lateral, and skyline radiographs were obtained. Radiographic OA features were scored using Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) criteria and a radiographic atlas, with K/L grade ≥2 defined as OA, and K/L grade 1 as early OA. Both groups underwent 3.0 Tesla MRI scans, scored using the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score criteria. Compartmental prevalence of MRI OA features was based on cartilage lesions, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and osteophytes.ResultsOverall, 20 participants (24%) with PF pain had radiographic PF OA (K/L grade ≥2), and 36 participants (43%) had early PF OA (K/L grade 1). MRI‐defined PF OA was more prevalent in participants with PF pain (16–29%) than in controls (4–12%), irrespective of how PF OA was defined. Within the PF pain group, the prevalence of PF OA on radiographs and MRI was greater in participants who were older or female or who had a higher BMI.ConclusionFeatures of radiographic and MRI‐defined PF OA were evident in 20–30% of adults ages 26–50 years with persistent PF pain, with greater prevalence observed in those who were older, or female, or who had a higher BMI. MRI‐defined PF OA was more prevalent in individuals with PF pain than in pain‐free controls, especially when defined as a full‐thickness cartilage lesion with BML.
Evolving Symptom Characteristics of Raynaud's Phenomenon in Systemic Sclerosis and Their Association With Physician and Patient‐Reported Assessments of Disease Severity
Authors: Pauling John D. , Reilly Elizabeth , Smith Theresa , Frech Tracy M. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveAssessment of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is reliant on self‐report. The Raynaud's Condition Score (RCS) diary assumes discrete episodic RP attacks, although not all SSc patients identify with this paradigm. We investigated the clinical associations of SSc‐RP symptom characteristics and the evolution of SSc‐RP symptoms with disease progression.MethodsA cross‐sectional study at UK and US sites captured digital color changes of SSc‐RP and patients’ ability to identify with diagrammatic representations (and descriptive stems) of 4 distinct theoretical SSc‐RP patterns (progressing severity A through D) reflecting progressively severe SSc‐RP experiences. SSc‐RP self‐management and symptom evolution were explored. Patient demographics, the clinical phenotype, the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ), the 2‐week RCS diary, and patient and physician global assessments were collected.ResultsWe enrolled 107 patients with SSc (with questionnaires returned by 94). A higher number of self‐reported digital color changes of SSc‐RP were associated with increased SSc‐RP symptom severity but not with the SSc clinical phenotype. Patients could identify with distinct patterns of SSc‐RP. These patterns were associated with disease duration, global disease severity, and conceptually linked physician and patient assessments of peripheral vascular severity (e.g., SHAQ RP subscale and RCS diary parameters), but not with conceptually unrelated outcomes (e.g., SHAQ breathing subscale). SSc‐RP characteristics and symptom severity evolve during the disease course.ConclusionPatients identify with distinct patterns of SSc‐RP that may relate to progression of the obliterative microangiopathy of SSc. Difficulty distinguishing discrete SSc‐RP attacks from persistent digital ischemia in patients with advanced SSc could influence diary‐based approaches to assessing SSc‐RP, with implications for future clinical trials.
Visualization and Investigation of Charge Transport in Mixed‐Halide Perovskite via Lateral‐Structured Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Yang Seok Joo , Kim Min , Ko Hyomin , Sin Dong Hun , Sung Ji Ho , Mun Jungho , Rho Junsuk , Jo Moon‐Ho , Cho Kilwon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMixed‐halide perovskites, CH3NH3PbI3−xClx, can be used to fabricate highly efficient perovskite solar cells; the presence of chlorine ions affects the perovskite morphology and enhances optoelectronic properties. However, the reported device performances of mixed‐halide perovskites are comparable to those of triiodide perovskites, CH3NH3PbI3. Thus, the benefits of the presence of Cl− ions in mixed‐halide perovskites are uncertain. To clarify the effects of Cl− on the optoelectronic properties of perovskite devices, a suitable device structure is required. In this study, lateral‐structured perovskite devices are fabricated and their electrical properties are investigated. A clear contrast is found between the optoelectronic properties of the mixed‐halide and triiodide perovskite; a suitable platform is also constructed for the spectroscopic analysis. Scanning photocurrent spectroscopy is used to visualize the charge carrier diffusion in the perovskite films and it is found that the charge carrier diffusion length of the mixed‐halide perovskite is longer. It is also demonstrated by using conducting atomic force microscopy that the charge carrier pathways in the mixed‐halide perovskite are more efficient, which means that it has longer charge carrier recombination life‐times and higher photocurrents. This lateral‐structured device has an architecture that makes it suitable for the observation of charge carrier diffusion and spectroscopic analysis.
Plasmonic Photonic Crystals Induced Two‐Order Fluorescence Enhancement of Blue Perovskite Nanocrystals and Its Application for High‐Performance Flexible Ultraviolet Photodetectors
Authors: Li Dongyu , Zhou Donglei , Xu Wen , Chen Xu , Pan Gencai , Zhou Xiangyu , Ding Nan , Song Hongwei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBlue perovskite nanocrystal (NC) can be an ideal kind of material for UV photodetectors owing to its excellent band gap, however, limited by its photoacoustic process. Here, the luminescent enhancement of CsPbCl3 NCs is first explored by coupling with Ag plasmon and photonic crystals. Consistently with the theoretical simulation, when the plasmon peak of Ag film and photonic stop band of polymethyl methacrylate opal photonic crystals (OPCs) match well with the emission peak of blue CsPbCl3 NCs, the fluorescence enhancements of about 50‐fold and 20‐fold are obtained, owing to the collective effect of the excitation and emission field enhancement. Then, through the combination of surface plasmon and photonic crystal effects, the luminescent intensity of CsPbCl3 NCs in CsPbCl3/Ag/OPCs hybrids is boosted more than 150‐fold with the estimated emission efficiency of 51.5%. Furthermore, the high performance flexible UV photodetector is constructed employing CsPbCl3/Ag/OPCs hybrids, demonstrating extremely low dark current of 10–11 A, high detectivity of 9 × 1014 Jones, short response time of 28 ms/31 ms, and narrow response line width of 30 nm, which is much better than the commercial silicon photodetectors. This work provides a helpful approach to improve the luminescence/performance of perovskite NCs and UV photodetectors.
Many‐Body Complexes in 2D Semiconductors
Authors: Pei Jiajie , Yang Jiong , Yildirim Tanju , Zhang Han , Lu Yuerui 
Published: August 2018

Abstract2D semiconductors such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and black phosphorus (BP) are currently attracting great attention due to their intrinsic bandgaps and strong excitonic emissions, making them potential candidates for novel optoelectronic applications. Optoelectronic devices fabricated from 2D semiconductors exhibit many‐body complexes (exciton, trion, biexciton, etc.) which determine the materials optical and electrical properties. Characterization and manipulation of these complexes have become a reality due to their enhanced binding energies as a direct result from reduced dielectric screening and enhanced Coulomb interactions in the 2D regime. Furthermore, the atomic thickness and extremely large surface‐to‐volume ratio of 2D semiconductors allow the possibility of modulating their inherent optical, electrical, and optoelectronic properties using a variety of different environmental stimuli. To fully realize the potential functionalities of these many‐body complexes in optoelectronics, a comprehensive understanding of their formation mechanism is essential. A topical and concise summary of the recent frontier research progress related to many‐body complexes in 2D semiconductors is provided here. Moreover, detailed discussions covering the aspects of fundamental theory, experimental investigations, modulation of properties, and optoelectronic applications are given. Lastly, personal insights into the current challenges and future outlook of many‐body complexes in 2D semiconducting materials are presented.
Elevated‐Temperature 3D Printing of Hybrid Solid‐State Electrolyte for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cheng Meng , Jiang Yizhou , Yao Wentao , Yuan Yifei , Deivanayagam Ramasubramonian , Foroozan Tara , Huang Zhennan , Song Boao , Rojaee Ramin , Shokuhfar Tolou , Pan Yayue , Lu Jun , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile 3D printing of rechargeable batteries has received immense interest in advancing the next generation of 3D energy storage devices, challenges with the 3D printing of electrolytes still remain. Additional processing steps such as solvent evaporation were required for earlier studies of electrolyte fabrication, which hindered the simultaneous production of electrode and electrolyte in an all‐3D‐printed battery. Here, a novel method is demonstrated to fabricate hybrid solid‐state electrolytes using an elevated‐temperature direct ink writing technique without any additional processing steps. The hybrid solid‐state electrolyte consists of solid poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) matrices and a Li+‐conducting ionic‐liquid electrolyte. The ink is modified by adding nanosized ceramic fillers to achieve the desired rheological properties. The ionic conductivity of the inks is 0.78  × 10 −3 S cm−1. Interestingly, a continuous, thin, and dense layer is discovered to form between the porous electrolyte layer and the electrode, which effectively reduces the interfacial resistance of the solid‐state battery. Compared to the traditional methods of solid‐state battery assembly, the directly printed electrolyte helps to achieve higher capacities and a better rate performance. The direct fabrication of electrolyte from printable inks at an elevated temperature will shed new light on the design of all‐3D‐printed batteries for next‐generation electronic devices.
Additive Manufacturing as a Method to Design and Optimize Bioinspired Structures
Authors: Velasco‐Hogan Audrey , Xu Jun , Meyers Marc A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is a current technology undergoing rapid development that is utilized in a wide variety of applications. In the field of biological and bioinspired materials, additive manufacturing is being used to generate intricate prototypes to expand our understanding of the fundamental structure–property relationships that govern nature's spectacular mechanical performance. Herein, recent advances in the use of AM for improving the understanding of the structure–property relationship in biological materials and for the production of bioinspired materials are reviewed. There are four essential components to this work: a) extracting defining characteristics of biological designs, b) designing 3D‐printed prototypes, c) performing mechanical testing on 3D‐printed prototypes to understand fundamental mechanisms at hand, and d) optimizing design for tailorable performance. It is intended to highlight how the various types of additive manufacturing methods are utilized, to unravel novel discoveries in the field of biological materials. Since AM processing techniques have surpassed antiquated limitations, especially with respect to spatial scales, there has been a surge in their demand as an integral tool for research. In conclusion, current challenges and the technical perspective for further development of bioinspired materials using AM are discussed.
2D Oxide Nanomaterials to Address the Energy Transition and Catalysis
Authors: Heard Christopher J. , Čejka Jiří , Opanasenko Maksym , Nachtigall Petr , Centi Gabriele , Perathoner Siglinda 
Published: August 2018

Abstract2D oxide nanomaterials constitute a broad range of materials, with a wide array of current and potential applications, particularly in the fields of energy storage and catalysis for sustainable energy production. Despite the many similarities in structure, composition, and synthetic methods and uses, the current literature on layered oxides is diverse and disconnected. A number of reviews can be found in the literature, but they are mostly focused on one of the particular subclasses of 2D oxides. This review attempts to bridge the knowledge gap between individual layered oxide types by summarizing recent developments in all important 2D oxide systems including supported ultrathin oxide films, layered clays and double hydroxides, layered perovskites, and novel 2D‐zeolite‐based materials. Particular attention is paid to the underlying similarities and differences between the various materials, and the subsequent challenges faced by each research community. The potential of layered oxides toward future applications is critically evaluated, especially in the areas of electrocatalysis and photocatalysis, biomass conversion, and fine chemical synthesis. Attention is also paid to corresponding novel 3D materials that can be obtained via sophisticated engineering of 2D oxides.
Large‐Scale, Solution‐Synthesized Nanostructured Composites for Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Xu Biao , Feng Tianli , Li Zhe , Zheng Wei , Wu Yue 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs more than one‐half of worldwide consumed energy is wasted as heat every year, high‐efficiency thermoelectric materials are highly demanded for the conversion of rejected heat to electricity in a reliable fashion. In the recent few decades, nanoscience has revolutionized thermoelectrics via the quantum confinement effect in electronic structures and grain‐boundary scattering of heat carriers. As the gas‐phase syntheses of nanomaterials are not easily scalable and solid‐state syntheses are not controllable in terms of microstructures at various length scales, significant research efforts have focused on solution syntheses that can build nanostructures with well‐defined size, composition, and morphology. Beyond the performance, several novel effects that benefit the portability and cost efficiency have been discovered in the solution‐synthesized nanomaterials. Herein, the relevant progress is reviewed and some prospects proposed.
Carbon‐Supported Single Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Peng Yi , Lu Bingzhang , Chen Shaowei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSingle atoms of select transition metals supported on carbon substrates have emerged as a unique system for electrocatalysis because of maximal atom utilization (≈100%) and high efficiency for a range of reactions involved in electrochemical energy conversion and storage, such as the oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, and CO2 reduction reactions. Herein, the leading strategies for the preparation of single atom catalysts are summarized, and the electrocatalytic performance of the resulting samples for the various reactions is discussed. In general, the carbon substrate not only provides a stabilizing matrix for the metal atoms, but also impacts the electronic density of the metal atoms due to strong interfacial interactions, which may lead to the formation of additional active sites by the adjacent carbon atoms and hence enhanced electrocatalytic activity. This necessitates a detailed understanding of the material structures at the atomic level, a critical step in the construction of a relevant structural model for theoretical simulations and calculations. Finally, a perspective is included highlighting the promises and challenges for the future development of carbon‐supported single atom catalysts in electrocatalysis.