bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of junior coaches on club members in the Start2Finish Running & Reading Club: A qualitative study
Authors: Shaikh Majidullah , Forneris Tanya 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study's purpose was to explore youth leaders' involvement and influence on younger program participants in a physical‐activity‐based positive youth development program (PA‐PYD).MethodsA case study was conducted where 16 youth leaders (8 males, 8 females, Mage = 13.37, SD = 1.36) and 15 program participants (8 males, 7 females, Mage = 10.53, SD = 1.12) from four sites of a PA‐PYD program in Canada participated in one‐on‐one semi‐structured interviews regarding their program experiences. A deductive‐inductive thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsFive themes were identified: (a) learning and building skills, (b) receiving support, (c) enjoyment, (d) relatability, and (e) challenges faced. Program participants shared several ways in which the youth leaders they interacted with had a positive influence on their personal experiences. The youth leaders’ perceptions largely aligned with those of the program participants.ConclusionsThis study provides insight into the value that youth leaders can bring to youth programming.
Comparison of conventional and structured report in the evaluation of Crohn’s disease through enterography
Authors: Gomez Alvaro Ariel , Nunes Thiago Franchi , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Rissato Denise Maria , Tibana Tiago Kojun , Adôrno Isa Felix , Dourado Doroty Mesquita 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Context There is an increasing interest in the standardization of the evaluation of imaging exams, especially enterography in Crohn’s disease.
Objective To compare the quality of the conventional report with the structured report in computed tomography enterography in Crohn’s disease.
Method Nine CT enterographies of patients with Crohn’s disease with conventional reports were performed; after the standardization of the structured report by the radiology department of a university hospital that is a reference in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the same exams were reevaluated, and new reports were issued, without the radiologists having access to the previous report; the 18 reports underwent evaluation of five specialists in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, resulting in 90 analyses of the report; the specialists evaluated the following criteria: clarity of the information of the report, ease in characterizing the extension of the disease, ease in defining the presence of complications, usefulness of the exam to define the behavior, and ease in defining the activity of the disease, with the use of a 0–10 score. The statistical analysis was perfrmed with Wilcoxon’s non-parametric test, considering a significance level of 5%.
Results The mean scores assigned to the exam reports, using both reports (unstructured and structured) ranged from 7.98 to 9.16; however, the scores of the structured reports were significantly higher (p < 0.003).
Conclusion In the specialists’ evaluation, the structured report was shown to be of better quality than the unstructured one in the CT enterography of patients with Crohn’s Disease.
Use of real-time semiquantitative PCR data in management of a neonatal intensive care unit adenovirus outbreak
Authors: Hysmith Nicholas D. , Tanner Mary R. , Arnold Sandra R. , Buckingham Steven C. , Patel Anami R. , Dhanireddy Ramasubbareddy , Comeaux Katha , Joyner Joy , Hoehn Mary Ellen , DeVincenzo John P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe an adenovirus outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), including the use of qualitative and semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data to inform the outbreak response.DesignMixed prospective and retrospective observational study.SettingA level IV NICU in the southeastern United States.PatientsTwo adenovirus cases were identified in a NICU. Screening of all inpatients with qPCR on nasopharyngeal specimens revealed 11 additional cases.InterventionsOutbreak response procedures, including enhanced infection control policies, were instituted. Serial qPCR studies were used to screen for new infections among exposed infants and to monitor viral clearance among cases. Changes to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) exam procedures were made after an association was noted in those patients. At the end of the outbreak, a retrospective review allowed for comparison of clinical factors between the infected and uninfected groups.ResultsThere were no new cases among patients after outbreak identification. One adenovirus-infected patient died; the others recovered their clinical baselines. The ROP exams were associated with an increased risk of infection (odds ratio [OR], 84.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5–1,601). The duration of the outbreak response was 33 days, and the previously described second wave of cases after the end of the outbreak did not occur. Revisions to infection control policies remained in effect following the outbreak.ConclusionsRetinopathy of prematurity exams are potential mechanisms of adenovirus transmission, and autoclaved or single-use instruments should be used to minimize this risk. Real-time molecular diagnostic and quantification data guided outbreak response procedures, which rapidly contained and fully terminated a NICU adenovirus outbreak.
A new damsel-dragonfly of the small family Selenothemistidae from the Late Jurassic of China (Odonata, Isophlebioptera)
Authors: Huang Diying , Cai Chenyang , Nel André 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSinothemis difficilis new genus new species, youngest and first accurate Chinese representative of the small family Selenothemistidae, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to the genus Turanothemis, known from the Karatau outcrop in Kazakhstan. The genus Caraphlebia, known from the Middle Jurassic of Antarctica, seems to strongly differ from the other representatives of this family and may belong to another family. The fossil was collected from the Upper Jurassic (157.3 ± 1.5 Ma; near Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary) Guancaishan locality, Jianping County, Western Liaoning, NE China. It belongs to the late assemblage of the Yanliao biota, while the early assemblage is represented by the putatively close damsel-dragonfly Paraliassophlebia from the Jiulongshan Formation of northern Hebei Province.UUID: http://zoobank.org/8b11b148-852e-4079-a9fb-1884bf4b6d94
Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Resilience Against Emotional Distress: An Integrative Brain-Personality-Symptom Approach Using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Moore Matthew , Culpepper Steven , Phan K. Luan , Strauman Timothy J. , Dolcos Florin , Dolcos Sanda 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClarifying individual differences that predict resilience or vulnerability to emotional distress is crucial for identifying etiological factors contributing to affective disturbances, and to promoting emotional well-being. Despite recent progress identifying specific brain regions and personality traits, it remains unclear whether there are common factors underlying the structural aspects of the brain and the personality traits that, in turn, protect against symptoms of emotional distress. In the present study, an integrative structural equation model was developed to examine the associations among (1) a latent construct ofControl, representing the volumes of a system of prefrontal cortical (PFC) regions including middle, inferior, and orbital frontal cortices; (2) a latent construct ofResiliencepersonality traits including cognitive reappraisal, positive affectivity, and optimism; and (3)AnxietyandDepressionsymptoms, in a sample of 85 healthy young adults. Results showed that the latent construct of PFC volumes positively predicted the latent construct ofResilience, which in turn negatively predictedAnxiety. Mediation analysis confirmed that greater latent PFC volume is indirectly associated with lowerAnxietysymptoms through greater latent traitResilience. The model did not show a significant mediation forDepression. These results support the idea that there are common volumetric and personality factors that help protect against symptoms of emotional distress. These findings provide strong evidence that such brain-personality-symptom approaches can provide novel insights with valuable implications for understanding the interaction of these factors in healthy and clinically diagnosed individuals.
Epigenetic Modification of OXTR is Associated with Openness to Experience
Authors: Haas Brian W. , Smith Alicia K. , Nishitani Shota 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide known to influence social and cognitive processing across several mammalian species. There currently exists a mixed and controversial pattern of evidence that oxytocin pathway genes confer individual differences in social cognition and personality in humans. Inconsistencies across studies may in part be explained by the presence of intermediary, epigenetic, variables that exist between genotype and phenotype. This study was designed to investigate the association between epigenetic modification of the Oxytocin Receptor Gene (OXTR), via DNA methylation, and Big-5 personality traits. Genetic data were collected via saliva samples and analyzed to quantify DNA methylation within the promoter region of OXTR. The results indicate that Openness to Experience is associated with OXTR DNA methylation, while controlling for the remaining Big-5 personality dimensions (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) and sex and age. This finding provides additional support for models associating oxytocin with individual differences in personality and identity in humans.
Using Stable Carbon Isotopes to Quantify Radiocarbon Reservoir Age Offsets in the Coastal Black Sea
Authors: Soulet Guillaume , Giosan Liviu , Flaux Clément , Galy Valier 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConstraining radiocarbon (14C) reservoir age offsets is critical to deriving accurate calendar-age chronologies from 14C dating of materials which did not draw carbon directly from the atmosphere. The application of 14C dating to such materials is severely limited in hydrologically sensitive environments like the Black Sea because of the difficulty to quantify reservoir age offsets, which can vary quickly and significantly through time, due to the dynamics of the biogeochemical cycling of carbon. Here we reconstruct 14C reservoir age offsets (Rshell-atm) of Holocene bivalve shells from the coastal Black Sea relatively to their contemporaneous atmosphere. We show that the 14C reservoir age offset and the stable carbon isotope composition of bivalve shells are linearly correlated in this region. From a biogeochemical standpoint, this suggests that inorganic stable carbon isotope and 14C compositions of Black Sea coastal waters are controlled by the balance between autochthonous primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration of allochthonous pre-aged terrestrial organic matter supplied by rivers. This provided an important implication for Black Sea geochronology as the reservoir age offset of 14C-dated bivalve shell can be inferred from its stable carbon isotope composition. Our results provide a fundamental and inexpensive geochemical tool which will considerably improve the accuracy of Holocene calendar age chronologies in the Black Sea.
Resolving the taxonomic status of biocontrol agents belonging to theAphidius eadyispecies group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae): an integrative approach
Authors: Petrović A. , Mitrović M. , Ghaliow M.E. , Ivanović A. , Kavallieratos N.G. , Starý P. , Tomanović Ž. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSpecies that belong to theAphidius eadyigroup have been used as biocontrol agents againstAcyrthosiphon pisumworldwide. However, despite their extensive use, there are still gaps in our knowledge about their taxonomy and distribution. In this study, we employed an integrative taxonomic approach by combining genetic analyses (mtDNA COI barcoding) with standard morphological analyses and geometric morphometrics of forewing shape. We identified three species within theA. eadyispecies group, viz.,A. smithi,A. eadyiandA. banksae. Genetic separation of all three species was confirmed, with mean genetic distances between species ranging from 5 to 7.4%. The following morphological characters were determined as the most important for separating species of theA. eadyigroup: number and shape of costulae on the anterolateral part of the petiole, shape of the central areola on the propodeum, and shape and venation of the forewings. The differences in wing shape of all three species were statistically significant, but with some overlapping. We identifiedA. banksaeas a widely distributed pea aphid parasitoid, whose known range covers most of the western Palaearctic (from the UK to Israel).Aphidius banksaeis diagnosed and redescribed.
Preliminary outcomes of endoscopic middle-ear surgery in 103 cases: a UK experience
Authors: Yiannakis C P , Sproat R , Iyer A 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundTotally endoscopic ear surgery and endoscope-assisted microsurgery are still new concepts, with relatively few centres in the UK performing them. Advantages include better visualisation of difficult to reach areas, such as the sinus tympani, and limited external incisions. This paper reports our short-term outcomes for endoscopic middle-ear surgery.MethodsA prospective review was conducted of the first 103 consecutive patients undergoing totally endoscopic ear surgery or endoscope-assisted microsurgery in 1 centre performed by 1 operator. The outcomes assessed were: tympanic membrane healing, audiological data and complications.ResultsTwenty-five patients underwent endoscope-assisted microsurgery, while 78 had totally endoscopic ear surgery. There were no reported cases of dead ear or permanent facial nerve palsy. The average air–bone gap following stapedectomy was 7.38 dB. The tympanic membrane healing rate was 89 per cent.ConclusionOur results confirm that endoscopic middle-ear surgery is safe, and the short-term outcomes are comparable with conventional surgery.
Reducing micronutrient deficiencies in Pakistani children: are subsidies on fortified complementary foods cost-effective?
Authors: Wieser Simon , Brunner Beatrice , Tzogiou Christina , Plessow Rafael , Zimmermann Michael B , Farebrother Jessica , Soofi Sajid , Bhatti Zaid , Ahmed Imran , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the cost-effectiveness of price subsidies on fortified packaged complementary foods (FPCF) in reducing iodine deficiency, iron-deficiency anaemia and vitamin A deficiency in Pakistani children.DesignThe study proceeded in three steps: (i) we determined the current lifetime costs of the three micronutrient deficiencies with a health economic model; (ii) we assessed the price sensitivity of demand for FPCF with a market survey in two Pakistani districts; (iii) we combined the findings of the first two steps with the results of a systematic review on the effectiveness of FPCF in reducing micronutrient deficiencies. The cost-effectiveness was estimated by comparing the net social cost of price subsidies with the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted.SettingDistricts of Faisalabad and Hyderabad in Pakistan.SubjectsHouseholds with 6–23-month-old children stratified by socio-economic strata.ResultsThe lifetime social costs of iodine deficiency, iron-deficiency anaemia and vitamin A deficiency in 6–23-month-old children amounted to production losses of $US 209 million and 175 000 DALY. Poor households incurred the highest costs, yet even wealthier households suffered substantial losses. Wealthier households were more likely to buy FPCF. The net cost per DALY of the interventions ranged from a return per DALY averted of $US 783 to $US 65. Interventions targeted at poorer households were most cost-effective.ConclusionsPrice subsidies on FPCF might be a cost-effective way to reduce the societal costs of micronutrient deficiencies in 6–23-month-old children in Pakistan. Interventions targeting poorer households are especially cost-effective.
Can front-of-pack labels influence portion size judgements for unhealthy foods?
Authors: Talati Zenobia , Pettigrew Simone , Kelly Bridget , Ball Kylie , Neal Bruce , Dixon Helen , Shilton Trevor , Miller Caroline 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveBy clearly conveying the healthiness of a food, front-of-pack (FOP) labels have the potential to influence the portion size considered appropriate for consumption. The present study examined the how the Daily Intake Guide (DIG), Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL) and Health Star Rating (HSR) FOP labels affect judgements of appropriate portion sizes of unhealthy foods compared with when no FOP label is present.DesignRespondents viewed mock packages of unhealthy variations of pizzas, cookies, yoghurts and cornflakes featuring the DIG, MTL, HSR or no FOP label, and indicated the portion size they believed should be eaten of each food on a single occasion.SettingThe survey was completed on the respondent’s personal computer.SubjectsA total of 1505 Australian adults provided 4166 ratings across 192 mock packages relating to four product categories: pizza, yoghurt, cornflakes and cookies.ResultsCompared with no FOP label, the HSR resulted in a small but significant reduction in the portion size selected as appropriate for consumption of pizzas and cornflakes (P<0·05). The MTL resulted in smaller portions of cornflakes being selected compared with no FOP label (P<0·05).ConclusionsRespondents perceived smaller portion sizes as appropriate for some, but not all, of the foods tested when FOP labels with more interpretative formats (HSR, MTL) appeared on-pack compared with no FOP label. No effect was found for the less interpretive FOP label (the DIG). Interpretive FOP labels may have the potential to influence portion size judgements, albeit at modest levels.
Facial Reactivity and Attentional Processing of Facial Expressions and Gaze Direction
Authors: Kettle Jonathan W. L. , Allen Nicholas B. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Patterns of facial reactivity and attentional allocation to emotional facial expressions, and how these are moderated by gaze direction, are not clearly established. Among a sample of undergraduate university students, aged between 17 and 22 years (76% female), corrugator and zygomatic reactivity, as measured by facial electromyography, and attention allocation, as measured by the startle reflex and startle-elicited N100, was examined while viewing happy, neutral, angry and fearful facial expressions, which were presented at either 0- or 30-degree gaze. Results indicated typically observed facial mimicry to happy faces but, unexpectedly, “smiling” facial responses to fearful, and to a lesser extent, angry faces. This facial reactivity was not influenced by gaze direction. Furthermore, emotional facial expressions did not elicit increased attentional allocation. Likewise, matched facial expressions did not elicit increased attentional allocation. Rather, happy and fearful faces with direct (0°) gaze elicited increased controlled attentional allocation, and averted (30°) gaze faces, regardless of emotional expression, elicited preferential, early cortical processing. These findings suggest typical facial mimicry to happy faces, but unexpected facial reactivity to angry and fearful faces, perhaps due to an attempt to regulate social bonds during threat perception. Findings also suggest a divergence in controlled versus preferential, early cortical attentional processing for direct compared to averted gaze faces. These findings relate to young, mostly female, adults attending university. The experiment should be repeated with a larger sample drawn from the general community, with a broader age range and gender balance, and with a stimulus set with validated subjective valence and arousal ratings. This can reduce Type II error and establish normative patterns of facial reactivity and attentional processing of emotional facial expressions with different gaze directions.
The Efficiency of Data Assimilation
Authors: Nearing Grey , Yatheendradas Soni , Crow Wade , Zhan Xiwu , Liu Jicheng , Chen Fan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractData assimilation is the application of Bayes' theorem to condition the states of a dynamical systems model on observations. Any real‐world application of Bayes' theorem is approximate, and therefore, we cannot expect that data assimilation will preserve all of the information available from models and observations. We outline a framework for measuring information in models, observations, and evaluation data in a way that allows us to quantify information loss during (necessarily imperfect) data assimilation. This facilitates quantitative analysis of trade‐offs between improving (usually expensive) remote sensing observing systems versus improving data assimilation design and implementation. We demonstrate this methodology on a previously published application of the ensemble Kalman filter used to assimilate remote sensing soil moisture retrievals from Advanced Microwave Scattering Radiometer for Earth (AMSR‐E) into the Noah land surface model.
Saturn's Northern Aurorae at Solstice From HST Observations Coordinated With Cassini's Grand Finale
Authors: Lamy L. , Prangé R. , Tao C. , Kim T. , Badman S. V. , Zarka P. , Cecconi B. , Kurth W. S. , Pryor W. , Bunce E. , Radioti A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThroughout 2017, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observed the northern far‐ultraviolet aurorae of Saturn at northern solstice, during the Cassini Grand Finale. These conditions provided a complete viewing of the northern auroral region from Earth and a maximal solar illumination, expected to maximize the ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling. We analyze 24 HST images concurrently with Cassini measurements of Saturn's kilometric radiation and solar wind parameters predicted by two magnetohydrodynamic models. The aurorae reveal highly variable components, down to timescales of minutes, radiating 7 to 124 GW. They include a nightside‐shifted main oval, unexpectedly frequent and bright cusp emissions, and a dayside low‐latitude component. On average, these emissions display a strong local time dependence with two maxima at dawn and premidnight, the latter being newly observed and attributed to nightside injections possibly associated with solstice conditions. These results provide a reference frame to analyze Cassini in situ measurements, whether simultaneous or not.
Disruption of glial cell development by Zika virus contributes to severe microcephalic newborn mice
Authors: Li Cui , Wang Qin , Jiang Yisheng , Ye Qing , Xu Dan , Gao Fei , Xu Jesse W. , Wang Ruoke , Zhu Xingliang , Shi Lei , Yu Lei , Zhang Fuchun , Guo Weixiang , Zhang Linqi , Qin Cheng-Feng , Xu Zhiheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe causal link between Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and microcephaly has raised alarm worldwide. Microglial hyperplasia, reactive gliosis, and myelination delay have been reported in ZIKV-infected microcephalic fetuses. However, whether and how ZIKV infection affects glial cell development remain unclear. Here we show that ZIKV infection of embryos at the later stage of development causes severe microcephaly after birth. ZIKV infects the glial progenitors during brain development. Specifically, ZIKV infection disturbs the proliferation and differentiation of the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and leads to the abolishment of oligodendrocyte development. More importantly, a single intraperitoneal injection of pregnant mice with a human monoclonal neutralizing antibody provides full protection against ZIKV infection and its associated damages in the developing fetuses. Our results not only provide more insights into the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection, but also present a new model for the preclinical test of prophylactic and therapeutic agents against ZIKV infection.