bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical determination of plastic CTOD
Authors: Antunes F.V. , Díaz F.A. , Vasco‐Olmo J.M. , Prates P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn previous works, a da/dN versus plastic crack tip opening displacement model was proposed to study fatigue crack growth. The plastic crack tip opening displacement, δp, which quantifies the crack tip plastic deformation, is determined numerically using the finite element method. The predictions are affected by different numerical parameters which must be identified and studied. The main parameters are the crack propagation distance, the distance of measurement points relatively to the crack tip, the size of crack tip elements, and the number of load cycles between crack increments. Some crack propagation is required for the stabilization of δp, which occurs when δp reaches its minimum value. The measurement point behind crack tip has a major effect on δp. The peak value occurs at the first node behind crack tip and a progressive decrease of sensitivity is observed with the increase of distance to crack tip. A mesh refinement study showed a coincidence of the predictions obtained with different meshes, which is a good indication for the robustness of the procedure. Finally, there is a significant effect of the number of load cycles between crack increments, NLC, in the presence of crack closure. The increase of NLC reduces the crack opening level and so increases δp.
Rediscovery of Brassicogethes salvan (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae, Meligethinae) in the southwestern Alps
Authors: Liu Meike , Sabatelli Simone , Mancini Emiliano , Trizzino Marco , Huang Min , Cline Andrew Richard , Audisio Paolo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Brassicogethes salvan (Audisio et al. Insect Systematics and Evolution, 34, 121) is certainly among the most important and unexpected recent discoveries in the European beetle fauna. The species was initially described from a couple of unidentified specimens collected in 1912 on the Maritime Alps (NW Italy).

Despite a long series of attempts to recollect the species at the type locality (Rovina Lake, Mount Argentera Massif, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, NW Italy) and several neighbouring areas of the SW Alps between 2002 and 2016, no specimens of this species were found.

We re‐discovered B. salvan in a small high valley of the Regional Natural Park of the Maritime Alps, a few dozen kilometers from the type locality. The previously unknown larval host‐plant as Descurainia tanacetifolia (L.) Rchb., Brassicaceae was determined. Some unusual life history traits were also observed. In an effort to yield a suitable taxonomic placement for this species, we present a partial preliminary molecular phylogeny for this species and related taxa. A discussion regarding some issues about its actual and potential geographic distribution in southern France and northwestern Italy is also provided.

We propose an EN (Endangered) classification for this species following the IUCN criteria, and discuss aspects of its rather problematic conservation biology.
A prospective study of joint function and the quality of life of patients undergoing total joint replacement
Authors: Miao Nae‐Fang , Lin Pi‐Chu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsTo investigate joint functioning and the quality of life (QOL) before and after total knee and total hip replacement and the factors that influence the QOL.MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted between August 2015 and January 2017. A questionnaire composed of the EQ‐5D, Oxford Hip Score, and Oxford Knee Score was used to collect data before surgery and 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery.ResultsA repeated‐measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the EQ‐5D utility index between the preoperative and all 3 postoperative periods (F = 124.195, P < .05). There were significant differences in knee functioning (F = 133.859, P < .05) and hip functioning (F = 34.717, P < .05) between the preoperative and all 3 postoperative periods. The EQ‐5D utility index was significantly higher among patients undergoing total knee replacement than those undergoing total hip replacement (F = 15.490, P < .05) and higher among female than male patients (F = 7.613, P < .05). A positive correlation between the QOL and the perceived convenience of living at home was observed (P < .05).ConclusionsThe findings are expected to inform patient education for patients undergoing arthroplasty surgery.
An analysis of dysmenorrhoea and depressive symptoms in university students: A case‐control study
Authors: Uçar Tuba , Timur Taşhan Sermin , Aksoy Derya Yeşim , Nacar Gülçin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimDysmenorrhoea is a significant problem frequently observed in young women; it affects their daily life. The study aims were to describe and compare the presence of depressive symptoms in female university students with and without dysmenorrhoea and to infer which factors may influence dysmenorrhoea.MethodsThis case‐control study included 942 students, 471 in each group. The case group consisted of university students in a large university hospital in Eastern Turkey who applied to the adult emergency service and were diagnosed with dysmenorrhoea. The control group consisted of randomly selected students in the same university who did not report painful menstruation. The data were collected between September 2015 and May 2016 using a questionnaire.ResultsDepressive symptoms were observed in 61.1% of the students with dysmenorrhoea and 38.9% of the students without dysmenorrhoea (P < .05). The logistic regression analysis showed that depressive symptoms (OR: 1.87) and family history of dysmenorrhoea (OR: 2.20) were found to be higher in the students with dysmenorrhoea than in the students without dysmenorrhoea.ConclusionStudents with dysmenorrhoea were more likely to have depressive symptoms and a family history of dysmenorrhoea; findings alert health care professionals to the psychological as well as physiological effects.
A mechanism to regulate sovereign debt restructuring in the euro area
Authors: Andritzky Jochen , Christofzik Désirée I. , Feld Lars P. , Scheuering Uwe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA missing element in the architecture of the euro area is a mechanism for an orderly restructuring of unsustainable sovereign debt. Clear rules for creditor participation in case of overindebtedness would strengthen market discipline and enhance the effectiveness of crisis assistance. We propose a novel two‐stage mechanism that allows for postponing the crucial distinction between liquidity and solvency crises and is part of the assistance provided by the European Stability Mechanism (ESM). At the onset of a programme, the framework includes an immediate maturity extension if the debt burden is high. If post‐crisis debt turns out to be unsustainable, the debtor country can negotiate a deeper debt restructuring. In addition, we introduce a gradual transition phase into the new regime. As current debt matures, it is replaced by a new class of bonds with Creditor Participation Clauses (CPC), which are subject to the new rules as mentioned above.
Continuous indoor rearing of Philaenus spumarius, the main European vector of Xylella fastidiosa
Authors: Morente Marina , Cornara Daniele , Moreno Aránzazu , Fereres Alberto 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe phytosanitary emergence triggered by Xylella fastidiosa introduction in Europe urgently calls for research on its main vector, the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius. The difficulties faced in altering P. spumarius life cycle setting up a continuous indoor rearing under artificial conditions, obtaining a continuous availability of insects for laboratory trials, represent a great limit for research. Here, we propose a methodology to rear P. spumarius in the laboratory allowing the supply of nymphs and adults before they become available in the field. This crucial step forward will permit to overcome the seasonality barrier, reducing time and efforts currently required for experimentation on the meadow spittlebug. The proposed methodology would allow producing the data urgently required to fill the knowledge gap and finally set up an effective and environmentally friendly control strategy of P. spumarius.
Crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana RabA1a
Authors: Yun Ji‐Sook , Ha Sung Chul , Kim Shinae , Kim Yeon‐Gil , Kim Hyeran , Chang Jeong Ho 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRabGTPase is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, which share a GTP‐binding pocket containing highly conserved motifs that promote GTP hydrolysis. In Arabidopsis, the RabA group, which corresponds to the Rab11 group in animals, functions in the recycling of endosomes that control docking and fusion during vesicle transport. However, their molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of the GDP‐bound inactive form and both GppNHp‐ and GTP‐bound active forms of RabA1a, at resolutions of 2.8, 2.6, and 2.6 Å, respectively. A bound sulfate ion in the active site of the GDP‐bound structure stabilized Switch II by bridging the interaction between a magnesium ion and Arg74. Comparisons of the two states of RabA1a with Rab11 proteins revealed clear differences in the Switch I and II loops. These results suggested that conformational change of the Switch regions of RabA1a, derived by GTP or GDP binding, could maintain subcellular membrane traffic through the specific interaction of effector molecules.
Five Configurations of Opportunism in International Market Entry
Authors: Verbeke Alain , Ciravegna Luciano , Lopez Luis E. , Kundu Sumit K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe investigate the conditions under which opportunism occurs in international market entry. Examining 133 entries into new markets by 38 Chinese exporters, we uncover instances of opportunistic behaviour on the part of importers. We study five variables affecting such behaviour: managerial experience, market entry share; market distance, young age, and network size. While we find no single variable on its own associated with opportunism, we do find that in concert they form five configurations of opportunism. In one configuration, even older firms with experienced managers and a large network are subject to partners behaving opportunistically when they are entering a distant market. We conclude that simplistic predictions based on the presence of a single antecedent should make way for a configurational approach whereby a set of conditions must be in place for opportunism to materialize.
Does the Diversification–Firm Performance Relationship Change Over Time? A Meta‐Analytical Review
Authors: Schommer Monika , Richter Ansgar , Karna Amit 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe study the relationship between diversification and firm performance in the context of the decline in levels of diversification over time. We argue that the pressure to reduce diversification may have more strongly affected those firms whose diversification strategies were most detrimental to firm performance. We employ meta‐analytical regression (MARA) in order to test our hypotheses, using a total of 267 primary studies containing 387 effect sizes based on 150,000 firm‐level observations from over 60 years of research on the diversification–firm performance relationship. The findings suggest that levels of unrelated diversification have decreased, whereas levels of related diversification have increased since the mid‐1990s, following an initial decrease in the 1970s and 1980s. Furthermore, we find that the relationship between unrelated diversification and firm performance has improved significantly over time, whereas the relationship between related diversification and performance has remained relatively stable.
Executives’ Stakeholder Values in the Prediction of Work Process Change
Authors: Washburn Nathan T. , Waldman David A. , Sully de Luque Mary F. , Carter Min Z. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStakeholder values are promoted as a guiding principle for executives, but researchers know very little about how the utilization of stakeholder values by executives actually impacts the firms they lead. In this study, we propose that a positive relationship exists between executive stakeholder values and work process change in organizations. We further hypothesize that the congruence of CEO and top management team (TMT) members’ stakeholder values is positively related to this type of organizational change. Results of the analysis confirm that CEO stakeholder values are related to changes in work processes, but not changes to the formal firm structure involving acquisitions or divestitures. Additionally, we find that congruence between CEO and TMT stakeholder values is associated with changes to work processes, and that these changes tend to occur more when CEO and TMT stakeholder values are aligned at higher levels, compared to lower levels of such values.
The Learning Spiral: A Process Perspective on Paradox
Authors: Raisch Sebastian , Hargrave Timothy J. , van de Ven Andrew H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractParadox theory enables management research to replace either/or thinking with more integrative both/and approaches. Despite this achievement, greater theoretical complexity is needed to account for paradoxical tensions’ intricacies. We use dialectics theory to unpack the learning processes through which organizational members and collectives build their capacity to understand and cope with complex tensions over time. Building on these insights, we develop a paradox process model that resembles a learning spiral, in which organizations move through stages of convergence and divergence. During the convergence stages, they learn about and refine their current worldviews by constantly moving between the tension’s poles. During the divergence stages, they move beyond dynamic equilibrium to reach a higher understanding of tensions and their management. While organizations caught in equilibrium are prone to stasis and demise, those that move beyond equilibrium can achieve sustainability.
The Frequency of Substantial Salvageable Penumbra in Thrombectomy‐ineligible Patients with Acute Stroke
Authors: Bahr Hosseini Mersedeh , Woolf Graham , Sharma Latisha K. , Hinman Jason D. , Rao Neal M. , Yoo Bryan , Jahan Reza , Starkman Sidney , Nour May , Raychev Radoslav , Liebeskind David S. , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEEndovascular therapy (ET) has become the standard of care for selected patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). However, many LVO or medium vessel occlusion (MVO) patients are ineligible for ET, including some who harbor salvageable tissues. To develop complementary therapies for these patients, it is important to delineate their prevalence, clinical features, and outcomes.METHODSIn a prospectively maintained database, we reviewed consecutive AIS patients between December 2015 and September 2016. Based on the first multimodal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, patients were categorized as having substantial penumbra if perfusion lesion volume (Tmax >6 seconds) exceeded ischemic core volume (relative cerebral blood flow <30% on CT perfusion or apparent diffusion coefficient <620 on diffusion weighted image) by ≥20%.RESULTSAmong 174 consecutive AIS patients presenting within 24 hours of last known well time, 29 (17%) had LVO or MVO and substantial penumbra, but were deemed ET ineligible. Among these patients, mean age was 81 (±13), 45% were female, and median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 11 (interquartile range [IQR]: 5–19). The most common reasons for not pursuing ET were: distal occlusion (28%), mild neurologic deficit (16%), and temporally advanced core injury (16%). Ischemic core volume was 20 mL (±31), penumbral volume was 54 mL (±63), and mismatch ratio median was 5.6 (IQR: 2‐infinite). Severe disability or death at discharge (modified Rankin scale: 4–6) occurred in 72% of the patients.CONCLUSIONEven in the modern stent retriever era, 1 in 6 AIS patients presents with substantial penumbra judged not appropriate for ET. This population may benefit from the development of alternative therapies, including collateral enhancement, neuroprotection, and thrombectomy devices deployable in distal arteries.
Patients receiving dialysis do not have increased energy needs compared with healthy adults
Authors: Dombrowski Andrea , Heuberger Roschelle 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARYBackgroundPatients receiving dialysis are thought to have increased energy needs due to stress from the dialysis process or uraemic toxins. However, certain conditions may induce hypometabolic states potentially leading to unwanted weight gains when increased calorie intake is recommended.ObjectivesSince there is conflicting research, this study aims to assess total energy expenditure (TEE) of patients receiving dialysis through analysis of resting energy expenditure (REE) and physical activity levels.DesignComprehensive review of the current literature on REE and physical activity levels.MethodsTwo electronic databases (PubMed and CINAHL) were searched using keywords to find papers published within the last 10 years for physical activity studies and within the last five years for REE.Inclusion criteriaAdults undergoing long‐term dialysis treatments who do not have comorbidities that influence energy expenditure such as inflammation, hyperthyroidism or cancers. Participants were also required to ambulate without assistance.ResultsOnly seven of the 325 studies found were included in this review. Most studies were controlled trials with one being a prospective study. Patients receiving dialysis had rest energy expenditures comparable to healthy adults. There was not a consensus between studies as to which predictive energy equation produced accurate energy recommendations. Overall, patients receiving dialysis were significantly less active compared with healthy adults and this related to muscle mass.ConclusionPatients receiving dialysis tend to be sedentary or lightly active and do not have increased energy expenditure compared with healthy adults. Therefore, stable patients should not be prescribed increased calorie intake.
Species‐ and C‐terminal linker‐dependent variations in the dynamic behavior of FtsZ on membranes in vitro
Authors: Sundararajan Kousik , Vecchiarelli Anthony , Mizuuchi Kiyoshi , Goley Erin D. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBacterial cell division requires the assembly of FtsZ protofilaments into a dynamic structure called the ‘Z‐ring’. The Z‐ring recruits the division machinery and directs local cell wall remodeling for constriction. The organization and dynamics of protofilaments within the Z‐ring coordinate local cell wall synthesis during cell constriction, but their regulation is largely unknown. The disordered C‐terminal linker (CTL) region of Caulobacter crescentus FtsZ (CcFtsZ) regulates polymer structure and turnover in solution in vitro, and regulates Z‐ring structure and activity of cell wall enzymes in vivo. To investigate the contributions of the CTL to the polymerization properties of FtsZ on its physiological platform, the cell membrane, we reconstituted CcFtsZ polymerization on supported lipid bilayers (SLB) and visualized polymer dynamics and structure using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Unlike Escherichia coli FtsZ protofilaments that organized into large, bundled patterns, CcFtsZ protofilaments assembled into small, dynamic clusters on SLBs. Moreover, CcFtsZ lacking its CTL formed large networks of straight filament bundles that underwent slower turnover than the dynamic clusters of wildtype FtsZ. Our in vitro characterization provides novel insights into species‐ and CTL‐dependent differences between FtsZ assembly properties that are relevant to Z‐ring assembly and function on membranes in vivo.
Common garden experiments disentangle plant genetic and environmental contributions to ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure
Authors: Patterson Adair , Flores‐Rentería Lluvia , Whipple Amy , Whitham Thomas , Gehring Catherine 
Published: July 2018

Summary

The interactions among climate change, plant genetic variation and fungal mutualists are poorly understood, but probably important to plant survival under drought. We examined these interactions by studying the ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities of pinyon pine seedlings (Pinus edulis) planted in a wildland ecosystem experiencing two decades of climate change‐related drought.

We established a common garden containing P. edulis seedlings of known maternal lineages (drought tolerant, DT; drought intolerant, DI), manipulated soil moisture and measured EMF community structure and seedling growth.

Three findings emerged: EMF community composition differed at the phylum level between DT and DI seedlings, and diversity was two‐fold greater in DT than in DI seedlings. EMF communities of DT seedlings did not shift with water treatment and were dominated by an ascomycete, Geopora sp. By contrast, DI seedlings shifted to basidiomycete dominance with increased moisture, demonstrating a lineage by environment interaction. DT seedlings grew larger than DI seedlings in high (28%) and low (50%) watering treatments.

These results show that inherited plant traits strongly influence microbial communities, interacting with drought to affect seedling performance. These interactions and their potential feedback effects may influence the success of trees, such as P. edulis, in future climates.
The effects of breathing at a frequency of 0.1 Hz on affective state, the cardiovascular system, and adequacy of ventilation
Authors: Szulczewski Mikołaj Tytus , Rynkiewicz Andrzej 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate changes induced by breathing at 0.1 Hz in affective state, cardiovascular activity, and adequacy of ventilation as well as the relation between changes in peripheral physiological processes and alteration of affect. Eighty‐three participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Two groups doing paced breathing at 0.1 Hz, one with and the other without a cover story hiding the goal of the experiment, and, as a control, paced breathing at 0.28 Hz. We measured the effects of breathing at 0.1 Hz on affective state (unpleasant and pleasant arousals), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), sympathetic control of the heart (preejection period, PEP), and adequacy of ventilation as measured by partial pressure of end‐tidal CO2 (PetCO2). The use of a cover story did not influence the effects of paced breathing on the study outcomes. In the 0.1 Hz groups, unpleasant arousal decreased only among men. Changes in RSA were not related to changes in affect. Respiratory frequency did not influence PEP. However, changes in PEP were inversely related to changes in pleasant arousal. PetCO2 decreased in all conditions, and a larger drop in PetCO2 predicted a greater decrease in unpleasant arousal. The results obtained corroborate previous findings showing that slow paced breathing may lead to moderate hyperventilation among untrained participants and suggest that hyperventilation during breathing at 0.1 Hz is not deep enough to produce an increase in affective arousal.