bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of content of cadmium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, sodium and zinc in chamomile and green tea leaves by electrothermal or flame atomizer atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Prkić Ante , Politeo Nives , Giljanović Josipa , Sokol Vesna , Bošković Perica , Brkljača Mia , Stipišić Angela 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Due to the simplicity of tea preparation (pouring hot water onto different dried herbs) and its high popularity as a beverage, monitoring and developing a screening methodology for detecting the metal content is very important. The concentrations of Cd, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Na and Zn in 8 samples of green tea (Camellia sinesis) and in 11 samples chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) purchased both at local herbal pharmacies and supermarkets were determined using electrothermal atomizer atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) and flame atomizer atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The found concentrations in chamomile were: Cd (0.008 – 284 mg kg−1), Ca (2.42 – 6.29%), Cr (0.91 – 6.92 mg kg−1), Cu (6.27 – 11.39 mg kg−1), Fe (133.5 – 534 mg kg−1), Pb (0.561 – 1.277 mg kg−1), Mg (2.27 – 3.73%), Mn (62.2 – 165.6 mg kg−1), Hg (0.660 – 1.346 μg kg−1), Na (0.91 – 1.28%) and Zn (63.37 – 108.5 mg kg−1), in green tea Cd (36.29 – 202.1 mg kg−1), Ca (2.77 – 6.40%), Cr (1.520 – 5.278 mg kg−1), Cu (9.354 – 22.56 mg kg−1), Fe (162.6 – 513.3 mg kg−1), Pb (1.808 – 4.770 mg kg−1), Mg (1.41 – 2.62 %), Mn (1.147 – 1.729 g kg−1), Hg (1.045 – 2.802 μg kg−1), Na (0.44 – 0.98%) and Zn (30.65 – 115.6 mg kg−1), respectively. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to identify factors (soil, climate and country of origin) influencing the content of the measured elements in herbal samples. The proposed methodology developed in this work was successfully applied to the detection of metals in herbal samples. The analysis showed that the content of toxic metals in green tea samples was significantly higher and very close to the maximum dose recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Hydrographic parameters and distribution of dissolved Cu, Ni, Zn and nutrients near Jeddah desalination plant
Authors: Fallatah Mohammad M. , Kavil Yasar N. , Ibrahim Ahmed S. A. , Orif Mohammed I. , Shaban Yasser A. , Farawati Radwan Al 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe development of safe desalination plants with low environmental impact is as important an issue as the supply of drinking water. The desalination plant in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia, Red Sea coast) produces freshwater from seawater by multi-stage flash distillation (MSFD) and reverse osmosis (RO). The process produces brine as by-product, which is dumped into the sea. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Jeddah desalination plant on the coastal water in the nearby of the plant. Total concentrations of dissolved Cu, Ni, Zn and nutrients in several locations around the plant were analyzed by cathodic stripping voltammetry. The average levels of dissolved Cu, Ni, and Zn on surface in the sampling locations were 15.02, 11.02, and 68.03 nM respectively, whereas the levels at the seafloor near the discharging point were much higher. Distribution of temperature, salinity, nutrients and dissolved oxygen were quite normal both on surface and in depth.
On the failure behaviour to striking bow penetration of impacted marine-steel structures
Authors: Prabowo Aditya Rio , Muttaqie Teguh , Sohn Jung Min , Bae Dong Myung , Setiyawan Agus 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Demands for water transportation modes are continuously increasing as rapid economic and industrial growths in the recent decade. Ship as representative of the water transportation is generally needed to carry various products from one location to another. Besides as product carrier, ship also acts as public facility to transport human across islands for number of reasons, such as tourism and vehicle. Considering its importance, structural damage due to accidental loads or so-called impact can cause unacceptable casualties which threat ship passenger, shipping industry and maritime environment in same time. The most frequent impact phenomena occur in forms of collision and grounding, which are targeting side structure and double bottom consecutively. However, since responses of the impacts on structure are highly nonlinear and vary due to development of ship structures, sustainable analysis as an update of pioneer calculation can be beneficial as rational reference for improving safety and navigational instruments. This work aims to assess failures of the side structures subjected to penetration of striking bow in ship-ship collision scenario. Locations of impact are idealized to happen on after-end, midsection and fore-end to provide complete assessment. Striking bow is to be deployed by varying input velocity to observe significance of the fractures on the side structure. This configuration is implemented on the designed collision scenario, and later calculated using nonlinear finite element method (NLFEM). Summary of the solution indicated that the midsection produced the highest resistance against side collision. Breaching of the inner shell was successfully avoided on the fore-end, but the critical damage to the cargo was observed during bow penetration to the after-end region. This location was recommended to be added by longitudinal framing to increase its resistance against ship collision.
Ontological Analysis of the Project Risk Management Concept ‘Risk’
Authors: Uzulāns Juris 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The aim of the current research series is to examine the definitions of the concept ‘risk’ and analyze the concepts used in the definitions of ‘risk’ in the sources of these definitions in order to perform the ontological analysis of the concept of ‘risk’. Ontological and epistemological analysis of the concepts in the definition of the concept ‘risk’ was used to answer the question what ‘risk’ means in project management. This investigation represents a part of the research series where the ontological, epistemological and methodological analysis of project risk is performed with the aim to improve risk registers and risk management as a whole. In the previous studies the author analyzed the concept of ‘event’ that defines the content of the concept ‘risk’. The use of ‘event’ was analyzed in different sources to find out how the concept should be used. The ontological, epistemological and methodological analysis of the definitions of the concept ‘risk’ is the theoretical foundation for risk register creation because it is possible to create complete and understandable register for the participants of the project risk management process. The author believes that the conducted research helps establish confidence that ontological analysis is the method that together with the epistemological and methodological analysis provides opportunity to perform analysis of risk management sources aimed at improving risk management. The results of the study cannot be considered sufficient for deriving valid conclusions about project risk management and developing recommendations for improving risk management with regard to the content of the risk register. For valid conclusions and recommendations, a deeper research is needed which, first of all, would analyze a larger number of sources.
Cannabinoids in health and disease: pharmacological potential in metabolic syndrome and neuroinflammation
Authors: Mastinu Andrea , Premoli Marika , Ferrari-Toninelli Giulia , Tambaro Simone , Maccarinelli Giuseppina , Memo Maurizio , Bonini Sara Anna 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The use of different natural and/or synthetic preparations of Cannabis sativa is associated with therapeutic strategies for many diseases. Indeed, thanks to the widespread diffusion of the cannabinoidergic system in the brain and in the peripheral districts, its stimulation, or inhibition, regulates many pathophysiological phenomena. In particular, central activation of the cannabinoidergic system modulates the limbic and mesolimbic response which leads to food craving. Moreover, cannabinoid agonists are able to reduce inflammatory response. In this review a brief history of cannabinoids and the protagonists of the endocannabinoidergic system, i.e. synthesis and degradation enzymes and main receptors, will be described. Furthermore, the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids will be outlined. An overview of the involvement of the endocannabinoidergic system in neuroinflammatory and metabolic pathologies will be made. Finally, particular attention will also be given to the new pharmacological entities acting on the two main receptors, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), with particular focus on the neuroinflammatory and metabolic mechanisms involved.
Water Dynamics of Mung bean (Vigna radiata) Sprouts Treated with 6-Benzylaminopurine: Discrimination by Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Spectrometry
Authors: Lin Zhuyi , Wang Ruiying , Wang Siqi , Tan Mingqian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Mung bean sprouts are a kind of favorite healthy food across the world. As a forbidden plant hormone cytokinins, the use of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) in promoting the growth of bean sprouts is forbidden due to its safety concerns. Rapid analysis of 6-BAP treated bean sprouts is required to assess their growth changes and discriminate them from the normal sample. In this study, the water dynamics of growth for 6-BAP treated bean sprouts was monitored by the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging. A simplified cartoon model of the water dynamics was proposed to explain the LF-NMR analysis result. Principal component analysis of the NMR relaxation data clearly showed the different water distribution of 6-BAP treated bean sprouts from the control sample. The juice of 6-BAP treated bean sprouts showed significant difference in the ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence spectra. Therefore, combining the spectrometry, the LF-NMR may have potential for rapid discrimination of the 6-BAP treated bean sprouts.
Numerical Exploration of Heat Transfer and Lorentz Force Effects on the Flow of MHD Casson Fluid over an Upper Horizontal Surface of a Thermally Stratified Melting Surface of a Paraboloid of Revolution
Authors: Makinde O. D. , Sandeep N. , Ajayi T. M. , Animasaun I. L. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Considering the recent aspiration of experts dealing with the painting of aircraft and bonnet of cars to further understand the relevance of skin friction and heat transfer while painting all these objects that are neither horizontal nor vertical, neither a cone/wedge or cylinder but upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid of revolution; a two-dimensional electrically conducting Casson fluid flow on an upper horizontal thermally stratified surface of a paraboloid of revolution is analyzed. The influence of melting heat transfer and thermal stratification are properly accounted for by modifying classical boundary condition of temperature. Plastic dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of the fluid are assumed to vary linearly with temperature. In view of this, all necessary models were modified to suit the case

T
m

<

T
∞

$T_m<T_\infty$

. It is assumed that natural convection is driven by buoyancy; hence the suitable model of Boussinesq approximation is adopted. A suitable similarity transformation is applied to reduce the governing equations to coupled ordinary differential equations. These equations along with the boundary conditions are solved numerically by using Runge–Kutta technique along with shooting method. Effects of the magnetic field, temperature-dependent plastic dynamic viscosity and buoyancy parameters on the velocity and temperature are showed graphically and discussed. Normal influence of Lorentz force exists on Casson fluid flow when the thickness of the surface is small. Scientists and experts are urge to note an adverse effect of this force occurs on the fluid flow when the thickness of the surface is large.
Role of viruses in biliary atresia: news from mice and men
Authors: Petersen Claus , Madadi-Sanjani Omid 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBiliary atresia (BA) is still an enigmatic disease of unknown etiology and cryptic pathomechanism. Despite the fact that BA is rated among rare diseases, it represents the most frequent indication for pediatric liver transplantation. Although every effort is made to elucidate the origin of the ongoing deterioration of liver function, no breakthrough has so far been achieved, which switches the surgical but symptomatic therapy to a cause-oriented approach. The nowadays leading hypothesis focuses on hepatotropic virus as a triggering agent for an autoimmunological self-limiting inflammatory process along the entire biliary tree. The present review highlights the current state of research on the factor “viruses in biliary atresia” in both patients undergoing the Kasai procedure and the virus-induced BA mouse model.
Voltage regulation and power losses reduction in a wind farm integrated MV distribution network
Authors: Fandi Ghaeth , Igbinovia Famous Omar , Tlusty Josef , Mahmoud Rateb 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A medium-voltage (MV) wind production system is proposed in this paper. The system applies a medium-voltage permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) as well as MV interconnection and distribution networks. The simulation scheme of an existing commercial electric-power system (Case A) and a proposed wind farm with a gearless PMSG insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power electronics converter scheme (Case B) is compared. The analyses carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment shows an enhanced voltage profile and reduced power losses, thus, efficiency in installed IGBT power electronics devices in the wind farm. The resulting wind energy transformation scheme is a simple and controllable medium voltage application since it is not restrained by the IGBT power electronics voltage source converter (VSC) arrangement. Active and reactive power control is made possible with the aid of the gearless PMSG IGBT power converters.
Determination of oxidative stress balance in follicular fluid
Authors: Fabjan Teja , Vrtačnik-Bokal Eda , Kumer Kristina , Osredkar Joško 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground:The role of oxidative stress in female reproduction is an area that needs more investigation. This study aims to assess the oxidative stress levels in follicular fluid (FF) samples of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to relate them to different diagnoses.Methods:A total of 199 woman were enrolled; 37 of them were diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), 71 with endometriosis and 41 with tubal factor infertility (TFI) and 50 of the patients were used as a control group. A sample of FF was collected from each patient at an oocyte retrieval day and analyzed for oxidative stress by measuring a class of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) (dROMs test) and also analyzed for the plasma antioxidant test (PAT).Results:The data analyzed in FF were related to different diagnoses. Groups were not significantly different in age and body mass index (BMI), except for the PCOS group. There was a significant difference between dROMs and PAT levels in FF of patients vs. control group. The same finding was seen when the dROM/PAT ratio was used.Conclusions:We conclude that the evaluation of oxidative stress in FF needs more investigation with regard to markers in the follicular microenvironment.
On the efficient simulation of the left-tail of the sum of correlated log-normal variates
Authors: Alouini Mohamed-Slim , Ben Rached Nadhir , Kammoun Abla , Tempone Raul 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The sum of log-normal variates is encountered in many challenging applications such as performance analysis of wireless communication systems and financial engineering. Several approximation methods have been reported in the literature. However, these methods are not accurate in the tail regions. These regions are of primordial interest as small probability values have to be evaluated with high precision. Variance reduction techniques are known to yield accurate, yet efficient, estimates of small probability values. Most of the existing approaches have focused on estimating the right-tail of the sum of log-normal random variables (RVs). Here, we instead consider the left-tail of the sum of correlated log-normal variates with Gaussian copula, under a mild assumption on the covariance matrix. We propose an estimator combining an existing mean-shifting importance sampling approach with a control variate technique. This estimator has an asymptotically vanishing relative error, which represents a major finding in the context of the left-tail simulation of the sum of log-normal RVs. Finally, we perform simulations to evaluate the performances of the proposed estimator in comparison with existing ones.
Estimates for Solutions of Differential Equations in a Banach Space via Commutators
Authors: Gil’ Michael 
Published: April 2018

Abstract In a Banach space we consider the equation dx(t)/dt = (A + B(t))×(t) (t ≥ 0), where A is a constant bounded operator, and B(t) is a bounded variable operator.Norm estimates for the solutions of the considered equation are derived in terms of the commutator AB(t) − B(t)A. These estimates give us sharp stability conditions. Our results are new even in the finite dimensional case.We also discuss applications of the obtained results to a class of integro-differential equations.
Photo-Induced Holographic Recording in an Optically Active Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Layer
Authors: Chanishvili A. , Ponjavidze N. , Petriashvili G. , Chilaya G. , Jullien A. , Bortolozzo U. , Residori S. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A few microns thick layer of an optically active cholesteric liquid crystal is realized by using a photoisomerizable nematic component and a chiral dopant. It is shown that such a photosensitive optically active medium can be used as a holographic material for optical information and dynamic grating recording. The photo-induced gratings are written by exploiting the light-induced photoisomerization phase transition from an optically active chiral liquid crystal to an isotropic liquid, which results in the rotation of the light polarization plane from 90 to 0 degrees and corresponding to maximum, respectively, zero transmittance. The results highlight applications in the field of optical storage by the recording of static gratings, as well as in the feld of nonlinear beam-coupling via the holographic writing of dynamic gratings
closo-Dodecaborate-conjugated human serum albumins: preparation and in vivo selective boron delivery to tumor
Authors: Nakamura Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Shunsuke , Kawai Kazuki , Ishii Satomu , Sato Shinichi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Maleimide-functionalized closo-dodecaborate (MID) and isothiocyanate-functionalized closo-dodecaborate (ISD) were synthesized from closo-dodecaborate via ring opening reaction of 1,4-dioxane-closo-dedecaborate complex 1 with ammonia. MID was found to possess highest conjugation efficacy to bovine serum albumin among three closo-dodecaborate derivatives, MID, ISD, and 1. The conjugation reaction of MID to human serum albumin (HSA) proceeded under PBS buffer conditions (pH 7.4). Boron distribution studies in colon 26 tumor-bearing mice revealed that HSA-MID was highly accumulated in tumor (23 ppm B), whereas boron concentrations in other organs such as liver, kidney and spleen were low (3~8 ppm B).
Dynamic characteristics of triaxial active control magnetic bearing with asymmetric structure
Authors: Nakajima Atsushi , Hirata Katsuhiro , Niguchi Noboru , Kato Masayuki 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Supporting forces of magnetic bearings are lower than those of mechanical bearings. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a new three-axis active control magnetic bearing (3-axis AMB) with an asymmetric structure where its rotor is attracted only in one axial direction due to a negative pressure of fluid. Our proposed 3-axis AMB can generate a large suspension force in one axial direction due to the asymmetric structure. The performances of our proposed 3-axis AMB are computed through 3-D finite element analysis.
Thermal constitutive matrix applied to asynchronous electrical machine using the cell method
Authors: Domínguez Pablo Ignacio González , Monzón-Verona José Miguel , Rodríguez Leopoldo Simón , Sánchez Adrián de Pablo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This work demonstrates the equivalence of two constitutive equations. One is used in Fourier’s law of the heat conduction equation, the other in electric conduction equation; both are based on the numerical Cell Method, using the Finite Formulation (FF-CM). A 3-D pure heat conduction model is proposed. The temperatures are in steady state and there are no internal heat sources. The obtained results are compared with an equivalent model developed using the Finite Elements Method (FEM). The particular case of 2-D was also studied. The errors produced are not significant at less than 0.2%. The number of nodes is the number of the unknowns and equations to resolve. There
is no significant gain in precision with increasing density of the mesh.
Model of the multipolar engine with decreased cogging torque by asymmetrical distribution of the magnets
Authors: Goryca Zbigniew , Paduszyński Kamil , Pakosz Artur 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper presents the results of field calculations of cogging torque for a 12-pole torque motor with an 18-slot stator. A constant angular velocity magnet and the same size gap between n-1 magnets were assumed. In these conditions, the effect of change of the n-th gap between magnets on the cogging torque was tested. Due to considerable length of the machine the calculations were performed using a 2D model. The n-th gap for which the cogging torque assumed the lowest value was evaluated. The cogging torque of the machine with symmetrical magnetic circuit (the same size of gap between magnets) was compared to the one of the asymmetrical machine. With proper choice of asymmetry, the cogging torque for the machine decreased by four times.
Determination of the energy transitions and half-lives of Rubidium nuclei
Authors: Biçer Ahmet , Manisa Kaan , Engin Çalık Abdullah , Erdoğan Mehmet , Şen Mürsel , Bircan Hasan , Dapo Haris , Boztosun Ismail 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The photonuclear reactions, first extensively studied in the 1970’s and performed using the gamma rays obtained via bremsstrahlung, are a standard nuclear physics experiment. In this study, a non-enriched Rubidium sample was irradiated with photons produced by a clinical linear electron accelerator (cLINACs) with energies up to 18 MeV with the aim of activating it through photonuclear reactions. The activated sample was measured with a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) with the aim of measuring the transition energies and half-lives. The spectroscopic analysis performed on the obtained data yielded high quality results for the transition energies with precision matching or surpassing the literature data. For the half-lives the results were consistent with the literature, most notably the half-life of 84mRb decay was determined as 20.28(2) m. The results for both energies and half-lives further show that the clinical linear accelerators can be successfully used as an efficient tool in experimental nuclear research endeavors.