bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial biofilm is associated with higher levels of regulatory T cells in unaffected hidradenitis suppurativa skin
Authors: Kjærsgaard Andersen Rune , Ring Hans Christian , Kallenbach Klaus , Eriksen Jens O. , Jemec Gregor B. E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe role of bacterial biofilm in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is highly debated. Less biofilm is found in clinically unaffected axillary perilesional skin of HS patients compared with healthy controls.ObjectiveTo study the correlation between biofilm and the phenotypical characterization of the preclinical inflammatory infiltrate.Materials and MethodsAn exploratory comparative study of punch biopsies from unaffected axillary HS skin compared to similarly biopsies from healthy controls underwent standard staining procedures for CD4, CD8, CD25, FoxP3 and IL17. Standard‐sized inflammatory histological hotspots were identified manually. Slides were scanned into Leica Biosystems’ Digital Image Hub. Number of stained cells per slide and hotspot was found using an algorithm.Results12.5% of HS had biofilm compared to 85% of controls. For full slides, HS patients had more CD4+ cells than controls; HS patients with biofilm had higher CD4+ cell number than controls with or without biofilm and HS patients without biofilm. For hotspots, HS patients with biofilm had higher number of CD4+FoxP3+ cells than HS patients without biofilm and controls with biofilm.ConclusionThe association between biofilm and the number of regulatory T cells in HS patients supports the concept of dysbiosis as a factor in the preclinical HS lesions.
Proteinase K is an activator for the male‐dependent spermiogenesis pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans: Its application to pharmacological dissection of spermiogenesis
Authors: Tajima Tatsuya , Ogawa Futa , Nakamura Shogo , Hashimoto Masaharu , Omote Masaaki , Nishimura Hitoshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans spermiogenesis involves spermatid activation into spermatozoa. Activation occurs through either SPE‐8 class‐dependent or class‐independent pathways. Pronase (Pron) activates the SPE‐8 class‐dependent pathway, whereas no in vitro tools are available to stimulate the SPE‐8 class‐independent pathway. Thus, whether there is a functional relationship between these two pathways is currently unclear. In this study, we found that proteinase K (ProK) can activate the SPE‐8 class‐independent pathway. In vitro spermiogenesis assays using Pron and ProK suggested that SPE‐8 class proteins act in the hermaphrodite‐ and male‐dependent spermiogenesis pathways and that some spermatid proteins presumably working downstream of spermiogenesis pathways, including MAP kinases, are preferentially involved in the SPE‐8 class‐dependent pathway. We screened a library of chemicals, and a compound that we named DDI‐1 inhibited both Pron‐ and ProK‐induced spermiogenesis. To our surprise, several DDI‐1 analogues that are structurally similar to DDI‐1 blocked Pron, but not ProK, induced spermiogenesis. Although the mechanism by which DDI‐1 blocks spermiogenesis is yet unknown, we have begun to address this issue by selecting two DDI‐1‐resistant mutants. Collectively, our data support a model in which C. elegans male and hermaphrodite spermiogenesis each has its own distinct, parallel pathway.
Outbreak of hepatitis A linked to European outbreaks among men who have sex with men in Osaka, Japan, from March to July 2018
Authors: Tanaka Satoshi , Kishi Tomomi , Ishihara Akio , Watanabe Dai , Uehira Tomoko , Ishida Hisashi , Shirasaka Takuma , Mita Eiji 
Published: January 2019

AimOngoing hepatitis A outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported worldwide, mainly in Europe, since 2016. In Japan, there has been an increase in the number of notified hepatitis A cases since January 2018, most of which were suspected to have been transmitted through homosexual contact. In this paper, we describe the current outbreak situation of hepatitis A among MSM.MethodsBetween March and July 2018, 13 cases of hepatitis A were identified in our hospital. All cases were identified as MSM. Data on clinical and laboratory findings and therapies were collected from medical records. Serum or stool samples were obtained from 13 patients and subjected to sequence analysis.ResultsOf all patients, 12 reported to have male‐to‐male homosexual contact within 7 weeks prior to symptom onset, and 6 visited sex‐on‐premises venues in the same area. Furthermore, 12 patients were infected with HIV and consequently received antiretroviral therapy with sustained viral suppression. Ten patients received pulsed methylprednisolone therapy. Plasma exchange was additionally carried out in one patient. All patients received inpatient hospital care and were discharged alive. Sequence information, which was available in all cases, showed that the hepatitis A virus strain was identical to the EuroPride strain (RIVM‐HAV16–090).ConclusionsResults of sequence analysis suggest that the ongoing hepatitis A outbreak among MSM in Japan is linked to the 2016 European outbreaks. A vaccination program is urgently required for high‐risk populations to control this ongoing outbreak.
SPACE AND TIME: A COMPETING RISKS ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PROPERTY TAXES AND ZONING RESTRICTIONS ON RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Wrenn Douglas H. , Klaiber H. Allen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProperty taxes and zoning restrictions are prevalent tools for managing land use. We combine microlevel data on residential subdivision development from the Baltimore, Maryland, metro area from 1994 to 2007 with a competing risks model to examine how both policies influence the density and timing of residential development. Consistent with theory, we demonstrate that the impact of both policies on optimal density and timing depends on whether density and time are substitutes or complements in the profit function. Our results have important implications as they provide key empirical insights into how property taxes and zoning interact to influence development patterns.
ESTIMATING THE HETEROGENEOUS WELFARE EFFECTS OF CHOICE ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Ketcham Jonathan D. , Kuminoff Nicolai V. , Powers Christopher A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe develop a method that embeds signals about consumers’ knowledge to evaluate prospective choice architecture policies. We analyze three proposals for U.S. Medicare prescription drug insurance markets: (i) menu restrictions, (ii) personalized information, and (iii) defaulting consumers to cheap plans. We link administrative and survey data to identify informed enrollment decisions that proxy for preferences of observationally similar misinformed consumers. Results suggest that each policy yields winners and losers, with the menu restrictions harmful to most but personalized information beneficial to most. These results are robust across signals of consumers’ knowledge but differ from the benchmark that excludes such signals.
HOUSING DECISION WITH DIVORCE RISK
Authors: Fischer Marcel , Khorunzhina Natalia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe build a life‐cycle model of housing decisions under divorce risk that predicts that the recent increase in divorce rates leads to reduced homeownership rates. The risk of a divorce triggers a precautionary‐savings motive. However, this motive is weaker when individuals can invest in owner‐occupied homes because homeowners' higher savings partially substitute for precautionary savings. When young, the larger asset accumulation due to divorce‐risk‐induced precautionary savings enables households to buy homes earlier, whereas the presence of transaction costs leads to reduced homeownership for middle‐aged and older households when divorce risk goes up.
The association between allostatic load and anthropometric measurements among a multiethnic cohort of children
Authors: Cedillo Yenni E. , Murillo Anarina L. , Fernández José R. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectiveThis study investigated if levels of allostatic load (ALoad) differed according to race/ethnicity in children and if ALoad was associated with obesity‐related measures.MethodsA multiethnic sample of 307 children aged seven to 12 was evaluated, composed of 39% European American (EA), 35% African American (AA), and 26% Hispanic American (HA) youth. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and other measurements included body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Allostatic load scores were estimated based on two different calculations, including seven and eight biomarkers (ALoad1 and ALoad2), respectively. Analyses of variance, independence tests, and multiple regression models were performed.ResultsFrom the total sample, 22.80% (n = 70) of children were characterized as “no load,” 46.58% (n = 143) “low load,” and 30.62% (n = 94) “high load.” Hispanic American children showed the highest ALoad scores (2.07 ± 1.54; 95% CI, 1.73‐2.41) compared with AA children (1.71 ± 1.43; 95% CI, 1.43‐1.99) and EA children (1.56 ± 1.34; 95% CI, 1.32‐1.80) (P < 0.05). Higher scores of ALoad (using both ALoad1 and ALoad2 calculations) were associated with higher BMI, total body fat mass, body percent fat, and WC (P < 0.05).ConclusionSignificant differences in ALoad were observed in children according to race/ethnicity. Increased exposure to stressors captured by ALoad may result in increased risk for excessive adiposity and potential health risk in children. Further, ALoad may serve as a preventive marker for conditions known to continue throughout adulthood.
Spatial and temporal changes in myogenic protein expression by the microenvironment after freeze injury
Authors: Yoon Nara , Chu Vivian , Gould Maree , Zhang Ming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSkeletal muscle has the remarkable capability to regenerate itself following injury. Adult myogenic stem cells (MSCs) are responsible for the repair and regeneration, and their activity is controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the expression levels of Pax3, Pax7, MRF and p38 proteins during the course of regeneration and in different areas of the focal freeze‐lesion damaged adult rat TA muscle. Using the focal freeze injury model, immunohistochemistry, laser‐capture micro‐dissection and Western blot analysis were performed. The results show that (1) in the severely damaged area, the focal freeze‐lesion injury significantly activated Pax7 and myogenin expression within 7 days and down‐regulated Pax3, MyoD and Myf‐5 within 1 or 3 days, and (2) the level of the p38 protein was strongly and transiently up‐regulated in the whole muscle on day 7 following injury, whereas the level of the pp38 protein was down‐regulated within 3 days in the severely damaged and non‐damaged areas. These findings indicate that the temporal (e.g. the time course of regeneration) and spatial (e.g. three zones created by the focal freeze‐lesion) cues in a regenerating muscle have a significant impact on the activity of the adult MSCs.
Exploring the needs of parents who experience miscarriage in the emergency department: A qualitative study with parents and nurses
Authors: Emond Tina , de Montigny Francine , Guillaumie Laurence 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo understand how parents experienced miscarriage in an emergency department setting. Objectives were to identify parents’ needs, isolate factors that influenced their experience, and provide recommendations to improve care from the perspective of women, their partners, nurses and nurse managers.BackgroundMiscarriage is the most prevalent complication encountered during pregnancy. It subjects parents to a multitude of emotions and may have significant consequences on mental health. Emergency department visits are frequently the only opportunity for parents to receive formal support during a miscarriage; it is thus crucial to understand the experiences of parents in this setting.DesignThe study employed a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative approach with semi‐structured interviews.MethodsThe study was founded on the W.K. Kellogg Foundation's Logic Model Development Guide (2004) and Meleis’ Transitions Theory (2015). A total of 26 participants were interviewed (17 parents, 7 emergency department nurses and 2 emergency department nurse managers). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research was used to report results.ResultsThree categories of needs were identified: physical health, cognitive and emotional. For instance, parents expressed a need to receive more information during their visit to the emergency department (i.e., a cognitive need), whether about the diagnostic test results or how to ensure a better recovery. Parents also reported a desire for professionals to address their emotional concerns. Nurses were aware of the emotional impact of miscarriage but felt that they were not adequately trained in providing optimal care to parents in this situation.ConclusionsParents who visited the emergency department for miscarriage reported several unfulfilled needs that generated dissatisfaction with care. Emergency department organisational constraints hindered optimal nursing care practices.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses have an important role to play in improving parents’ experience. They can do so by understanding the needs of parents and by being involved in developing new guidelines.
Glycemic control through pharmaceutical care: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Babar Zaheer Ud-Din , Kousar Rozina , Hasan Syed Shahzad , Scahill Shane , Curley Louise Elizabeth 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of pharmaceutical care (PC) on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsA systematic search of literature was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RCTs published in English between January 2011 and November 2015 were identified using nine electronic databases: MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they outlined a pharmaceutical care intervention conducted by pharmacists alone or in collaboration with other health care professional(s). The studies were identified and data was extracted independently by two reviewers. The meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan version 5.3. A random-effects model was used to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels.Key findingsThirteen RCTs outlining PC interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n = 1828) were included. The interventions included care plan development, medication reviews, patient education and counselling of patients with follow-up. All RCTs reported statistically significant reductions in HbA1c in the intervention group (SMD = −0.97; 95% CI −1.21 to −0.73; P = 0.00001) as compared to the control group. Significant heterogeneity in SMD (χ2 = 68.96) was observed.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that PC interventions are effective (at least in short-term follow-up in hospital setting) in reducing HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacists, working alone or in collaboration with other health professionals have significant impact on improving the health status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Mediterranean Lithophyllum stictiforme (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) is a genetically diverse species complex: implications for species circumscription, biogeography and conservation of coralligenous habitats
Authors: Pezzolesi Laura , Peña Viviana , Le Gall Line , Gabrielson Paul W. , Kaleb Sara , Hughey Jeffery R. , Rodondi Graziella , Hernandez‐Kantun Jazmin J. , Falace Annalisa , Basso Daniela , Cerrano Carlo , Rindi Fabio 
Published: January 2019

Lithophyllum species in the Mediterranean Sea function as algal bioconstructors, contributing to the formation of biogenic habitats such as coralligenous concretions. In such habitats, thalli of Lithophyllum, consisting of crusts or lamellae with entire or lobed margins, have been variously referred to as either one species, L. stictiforme, or two species, L. stictiforme and L. cabiochiae, in the recent literature. We investigated species diversity and phylogenetic relationships in these algae by sequencing three markers (psbA and rbcL genes, cox2,3 spacer), in conjunction with methods for algorithmic delimitation of species (ABGD and GMYC). Mediterranean subtidal Lithophyllum belong to a well‐supported lineage, hereby called the L. stictiforme complex, which also includes two species described from the Atlantic, L. lobatum and L. searlesii. Our results indicate that the L. stictiforme complex consists of at least 13 species. Among the Mediterranean species, some are widely distributed and span most of the western and central Mediterranean, whereas others appear to be restricted to specific localities. These patterns are interpreted as possibly resulting from allopatric speciation events that took place during the Messinian Salinity Crisis and subsequent glacial periods. A partial rbcL sequence from the lectotype of L. stictiforme unambiguously indicates that this name applies to the most common subtidal Lithophyllum in the central Mediterranean. We agree with recent treatments that considered L. cabiochiae and L. stictiforme conspecific. The diversity of Lithophyllum in Mediterranean coralligenous habitats has been substantially underestimated, and future work on these and other Mediterranean corallines should use identifications based on DNA sequences.
Immunohistochemical study of CD34 and podoplanin in periodontal disease
Authors: Gonçalves Patrícia Guerra Peixe , Lourenço Salomão Israel Monteiro , de Vasconcelos Gurgel Bruno Cesar 
Published: January 2019

Background and objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in gingival tissue biopsy specimens of individuals with clinically healthy gingiva, chronic gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis (n = 30 per clinical condition).Material and methodsHistological sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin as well as immunohistochemically with hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 and podoplanin (PDPN) antibodies to evaluate the microvascular count, area, and perimeter of blood and lymphatic vessels, respectively.ResultsThe results revealed a correlation between the microvascular count of blood and lymphatic vessels (P = 0.03; however, in individuals with chronic periodontitis, fewer lymphatic vessels were present than in the clinically healthy gingival tissue (P = 0.01), which was not observed in the case of microvascular area and perimeter. Podoplanin labeling was present in the epithelium, and the intensity of labeling was positively correlated to the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate (P = 0.03).ConclusionIn this study, we concluded that an increase in the number of blood and lymphatic vessels was not observed in bouth gingivitis and periodontitis samples. Podoplanin expression is highly associated with an increased inflammatory infiltration suggesting that PDPN might play an additional role in periodontal disease, other than solely as a lymphangiogenesis marker.
Plastome phylogenomic analysis of Torreya (Taxaceae)
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Hua‐Jie , Landis Jacob B. , Deng Tao , Meng Ai‐Ping , Sun Hang , Peng Yan‐Song , Wang Heng‐Chang , Sun Yan‐Xia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTorreya Arn., a small genus of Taxaceae, consists of six species occurring in North America and eastern Asia. Several phylogenetic studies have previously been undertaken to reveal relationships within this genus, although only a few DNA segments or species were used. In the present study, we sequenced five Torreya plastomes and combined these with two existing plastomes from the genus to investigate plastome evolution and phylogenetic relationships within Torreya. All sequenced Torreya plastomes shared the same complement of 82 protein‐coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA genes, and 31 transfer RNA genes. Phylogenetic inference using a maximum likelihood framework consisted of an 82‐gene, 17‐taxon dataset, including all species of Torreya, resolved Torreya as a monophyletic clade. Strongly supported relationships within the genus include the position of the early diverging T. jackii Chun, the two sister pairs T. fargesii Franch.–T. nucifera (L.) Siebold & Zucc. and T. grandis Fortune ex Lindl.–T. californica Torr., and the monophyly of the clade including T. fargesii var. yunnanensis, T. fargesii, and T. nucifera. In addition to the inference of species relationships, divergence time estimation and biogeographical analysis were carried out. The diversification of Torreya was estimated to be approximately 8.9 Ma. Ancestral state reconstruction of the geographical area suggested China/eastern North America as the most likely ancestral region for the six extant Torreya species.
Meteoritic highly siderophile element and Re‐Os isotope signatures of Archean spherule layers from the CT3 drill core, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
Authors: Ozdemir Seda , Schulz Toni , van Acken David , Luguet Ambre , Reimold W. Uwe , Koeberl Christian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractArchean spherule layers represent the only currently known remnants of the early impact record on Earth. Based on the lunar cratering record, the small number of spherule layers identified so far contrasts to the high impact flux that can be expected for the Earth at that time. The recent discovery of several Paleoarchean spherule layers in the BARB5 and CT3 drill cores from the Barberton area, South Africa, drastically increases the number of known Archean impact spherule layers and may provide a unique opportunity to improve our knowledge of the impact record on the early Earth. This study is focused on the spherule layers in the CT3 drill core from the northeastern Barberton Greenstone Belt. We present highly siderophile element (HSE: Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, and Pd) concentrations and Re‐Os isotope signatures for spherule layer samples and their host rocks in order to unravel the potential presence of extraterrestrial fingerprints within them. Most spherule layer samples exhibit extreme enrichments in HSE concentrations of up to superchondritic abundances in conjunction with, in some cases, subchondritic present‐day 187Os/188Os isotope ratios. This indicates a significant meteoritic contribution to the spherule layers. In contrast to some of the data reported earlier for other Archean spherule layers from the Barberton area, the CT3 core is significantly overprinted by secondary events. However, HSE and Re‐Os isotope signatures presented in this study indicate chondritic admixtures of up to (and even above) 100% chondrite component in some of the analyzed spherule layers. There is no significant correlation between HSE abundances and respective spherule contents. Although strongly supporting the impact origin of these layers and the presence of significant meteoritic admixtures, peak HSE concentrations are difficult to explain without postdepositional enrichment processes.