bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Micropolarity and Microviscosity of Pluronic F127–Surfactant Mixed Systems Using Fisetin as a Fluorescent Molecular Probe
Authors: Mishra Jhili , Mishra Ashok Kumar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSurfactant induced changes in the transition temperature of Pluronic F127 have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The analysis shows that ionic surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) significantly alter the transition temperature of PF127, whereas the effect of a nonionic surfactant (Tween20) is not significant. The sol‐gel transition temperature decreases from PF127 (22 °C) to PF127+TW20 (21 °C) to PF127+CTAB (18 °C), whereas there is no sol‐gel transition temperature observed for PF127+SDS. Using the anionic emission and fluorescence anisotropy value of fisetin, the local polarity and microviscosity in the immediate neighbourhood of fisetin in pluronic‐surfactant systems have been estimated. Rotational correlation time along with the time‐resolved fluorescence anisotropy study gives additional information about the variation in medium microviscosity (PF127) with temperature in the absence and presence of surfactants. Variation in both polarity and microviscosity of the PF127‐surfactant mixed systems follows a reverse trend at sol and gel phases. Fluorescence lifetime studies indicate that fisetin molecules distribute in the different microdomains of PF127‐surfactant mixed systems. The local environmental heterogeneity at different microdomains of PF127‐surfactant mixed system is confirmed from lifetime distribution analysis of fisetin FT* emission.
Choline Chloride/Urea as an Eco‐Friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent for TCT‐Mediated Amide Coupling at Room Temperature
Authors: Salimiyan Kimiya , Saberi Dariush 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA desirable alternative to organic solvents, very cheap, non‐toxic and biodegradable deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride and urea was introduced for 2,4,6‐trichloro triazine mediated amide bond formation between carboxylic acids and amines at room temperature. Sub‐stoichiometric amount of TCT was used as a cheap and readily available C−O activating reagent. Various derivatives of amines were coupled with carboxylic acids, via triacylated triazine intermediate, resulting the reaction of acids with TCT, and the corresponding amides were obtained in moderate to good yields.
Effect of Morphology of ϵ‐MnO2 on Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
Authors: Shen Huanhuan , Huang Jianzhi , Wei Yubo , Guo Xinrong , Wang Min , Wang Lishi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this work, solid spherical, solid cubic and hollow cubic MnO2 microparticles were successfully synthesized via a facile precursor conversion method. All the crystal structures were defined as rare ϵ‐phase. The ϵ‐MnO2 was modified onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to fabricate sensor platform for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) determination. The catalytic activity of the prepared materials was demonstrated to be in the order: hollow cubes > solid cubes > solid spheres ϵ‐MnO2. The higher electrochemical activity is related to the higher conductivity and more exposed highly active crystal planes instead of BET surface area, electrode active area and surface charge. Additionally, the cubic ϵ‐MnO2 possesses greater catalytic rate constant (K), which is approximately an order of magnitude higher than that of spherical morphology, due to the faster electron transfer rates caused by reduced contact resistance. The proposed sensor possesses the excellent sensitivity, selectivity and stability, and is successfully applied to determine H2O2 in real sample.
Programmable Atom Equivalents: Atomic Crystallization as a Framework for Synthesizing Nanoparticle Superlattices
Authors: Gabrys Paul A. , Zornberg Leonardo Z. , Macfarlane Robert J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDecades of research efforts into atomic crystallization phenomenon have led to a comprehensive understanding of the pathways through which atoms form different crystal structures. With the onset of nanotechnology, methods that use colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) as nanoscale “artificial atoms” to generate hierarchically ordered materials are being developed as an alternative strategy for materials synthesis. However, the assembly mechanisms of NP‐based crystals are not always as well‐understood as their atomic counterparts. The creation of a tunable nanoscale synthon whose assembly can be explained using the context of extensively examined atomic crystallization will therefore provide significant advancement in nanomaterials synthesis. DNA‐grafted NPs have emerged as a strong candidate for such a “programmable atom equivalent” (PAE), because the predictable nature of DNA base‐pairing allows for complex yet easily controlled assembly. This Review highlights the characteristics of these PAEs that enable controlled assembly behaviors analogous to atomic phenomena, which allows for rational material design well beyond what can be achieved with other crystallization techniques.
Deep Learning to Speed up the Development of Structure–Property Relations For Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Graphene
Authors: Hundi Prabhas , Shahsavari Rouzbeh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStructure–property maps play a key role in accelerated materials discovery. The current norm for developing these maps includes computationally expensive physics‐based simulations. Here, the capabilities of deep learning agents are explored such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) to predict structure–property relations and reduce dependence on simulations. This study contains simulated hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) microstructures damaged by various levels of radiation and temperature, with the objective to predict their residual strengths from the final atomic positions. By developing low dimensional physical descriptors to statistically describe the defects, these results show that purpose‐specific microstructure representation can help in achieving a good prediction accuracy at low computational cost. Furthermore, the adaptability of the trained deep learning agents is explored to predict structure–property maps of other 2D materials using transfer learning. It is shown that in order to achieve good predictions accuracy (≈95% R2), an agent that is training for the first time (“learning from scratch”) requires 23–45% of simulated data, whereas an agent adapting to a different material (“transfer learning”) requires only about 10% or less. This suggests that transfer learning is a potential game changer in material discovery and characterization approaches.
Self‐Assembled Nickel Pyrophosphate‐Decorated Amorphous Bimetal Hydroxides 2D‐on‐2D Nanostructure for High‐Energy Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Chodankar Nilesh R. , Dubal Deepak P. , Ji Su‐Hyeon , Kim Do‐Heyoung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo obtain a supercapacitor with a remarkable specific capacitance and rate performance, a cogent design and synthesis of the electrode material containing abundant active sites is necessary. In present work, a scalable strategy is developed for preparing 2D‐on‐2D nanostructures for high‐energy solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). The self‐assembled vertically aligned microsheet‐structured 2D nickel pyrophosphate (Ni2P2O7) is decorated with amorphous bimetallic nickel cobalt hydroxide (NiCo‐OH) to form a 2D‐on‐2D nanostructure arrays electrode. The resulting Ni2P2O7/NiCo‐OH 2D‐on‐2D array electrode exhibits peak specific capacity of 281 mA hg−1 (4.3 F cm−2), excellent rate capacity, and cycling stability over 10 000 charge–discharge cycles in the positive potential range. The excellent electrochemical features can be attributed to the high electrical conductivity and 2D layered structure of Ni2P2O7 along with the Faradic capacitance of the amorphous NiCo‐OH nanosheets. The constructed Ni2P2O7/NiCo‐OH//activated carbon based solid‐state ASC cell operates in a high voltage window of 1.8 V with an energy density of 78 Wh kg−1 (1.065 mWh cm−3) and extraordinary cyclic stability over 10 000 charge–discharge cycles with excellent energy efficiency (75%–80%) over all current densities. The excellent electrochemical performance of the prepared electrode and solid‐state ASC device offers a favorable and scalable pathway for developing advanced electrodes.
Proteomics and Precision Medicine
Authors: Ding Chen , Qin Zhaoyu , Li Yan , Shi Wenhao , Li Lingling , Zhan Dongdong , Yang Wenjun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDuring the last decade, great progress has been made in mass spectrometry rendering the identification of 6000 proteins in an hour and up to 10 000 proteins in half a day. The proteome has been widely applied in a variety of studies in the life sciences, for dissecting protein profiling, protein–protein interactions, post‐translational‐modification, etc. Since the improvement of the proteome screening efficiency and the decreasing of the cost in sample measurement, the growing requirement of deep application of proteomics has been raised recently in clinical research, foretelling an era in which proteomics will enable personally tailored therapies for patients. This review describes the cutting‐edge progression of next‐generation proteomics and highlights its potential in precision medicine in the future.
U(N) Yang-Mills in non-commutative space time
Authors: Ahmadiniaz Naser , Corradini Olindo , Edwards James P. , Pisani Pablo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present an approach to U⋆(N) Yang-Mills theory in non-commutative space based upon a novel phase-space analysis of the dynamical fields with additional auxiliary variables that generate Lorentz structure and colour degrees of freedom. To illustrate this formalism we compute the quadratic terms in the effective action focusing on the planar divergences so as to extract theβ-function for the Yang-Mills coupling constant. Nonetheless the method presented is general and can be applied to calculate the effective action at arbitrary order of expansion in the coupling constant and is well suited to the computation of low energy one-loop scattering amplitudes.
Matrix model and Yukawa couplings on the noncommutative torus
Authors: Honda Masaki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe IKKT model is proposed as a non-perturbative formulation of superstring theory. We propose a Dirac operator on the noncommutative torus, which is consistent with the IKKT model, based on noncommutative geometry. Next, we consider zero-mode equations of the Dirac operator with magnetic fluxes. We find that zero-mode solutions have the chirality and the generation structures similar to the commutative case. Moreover, we compute Yukawa couplings of chiral matter fields.
No country for possums: young people’s nativist views
Authors: Ram Rajesh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Australian brushtail possum(Trichosurus vulpecula)is one of many animal species classified as alien under the biosecurity system in New Zealand. However, it is against the possums that a relentless campaign is perpetrated. This article attempts to explain some of the many reasons behind such intense negativity, and in doing so, show a link between the management of invasive species as a biosecurity risk and young people’s nativist views. A qualitative, interpretive mode of inquiry was used to analyse data that showed a link between the management of invasive species as a biosecurity risk and young people’s controversial views. An educational program that presents an objective view of invasive species is recommended.
Monitoring Greenland ice sheet buoyancy-driven calving discharge using glacial earthquakes
Authors: Sergeant Amandine , Mangeney Anne , Yastrebov Vladislav A. , Walter Fabian , Montagner Jean-Paul , Castelnau Olivier , Stutzmann Eléonore , Bonnet Pauline , Ralaiarisoa Velotioana Jean-Luc , Bevan Suzanne , Luckman Adrian 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTSince the 2000s, Greenland ice sheet mass loss has been accelerating, followed by increasing numbers of glacial earthquakes (GEs) at near-grounded glaciers. GEs are caused by calving of km-scale icebergs which capsize against the terminus. Seismic record inversion allows a reconstruction of the history of GE sources which captures capsize dynamics through iceberg-to-terminus contact. When compared with a catalog of contact forces from an iceberg capsize model, seismic force history accurately computes calving volumes while the earthquake magnitude fails to uniquely characterize iceberg size, giving errors up to 1 km3. Calving determined from GEs recorded ateight glaciers in 1993–2013 accounts for up to 21% of the associated discharge and 6% of the Greenland mass loss. The proportion of discharge attributed to capsizing calving may be underestimated by at least 10% as numerous events could not be identified by standard seismic detections (Olsen and Nettles, 2018). While calving production tends to stabilize in East Greenland, Western glaciers have released more and larger icebergs since 2010 and have become major contributors to Greenland dynamic discharge. Production of GEs and calving behavior are controlled by glacier geometry with bigger icebergs being produced when the terminus advances in deepening water. We illustrate how GEs can help in partitioning and monitoring Greenland mass loss and characterizing capsize dynamics.
On nilspace systems and their morphisms
Authors: CANDELA PABLO , GONZÁLEZ-SÁNCHEZ DIEGO , SZEGEDY BALÁZS 
Published: April 2019

A nilspace system is a generalization of a nilsystem, consisting of a compact nilspace $\text{X}$ equipped with a group of nilspace translations acting on $\text{X}$. Nilspace systems appear in different guises in several recent works and this motivates the study of these systems per se as well as their relation to more classical types of systems. In this paper we study morphisms of nilspace systems, i.e., nilspace morphisms with the additional property of being consistent with the actions of the given translations. A nilspace morphism does not necessarily have this property, but one of our main results shows that it factors through some other morphism which does have the property. As an application we obtain a strengthening of the inverse limit theorem for compact nilspaces, valid for nilspace systems. This is used in work of the first- and third-named authors to generalize the celebrated structure theorem of Host and Kra on characteristic factors.
The Warden's Dilemma as Nested Game: Political Self-Sacrifice, Instrumental Rationality, and Third Parties
Authors: Denny Brian S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInspired by the famous Prisoner's Dilemma game theory model, Karin Marie Fierke introduced the Warden's Dilemma to explain self-sacrifice and compromise in asymmetric interactions and to show that such an explanation requires a social ontology. She applied her model to Irish Republican Army hunger strikes in 1980–1981. Her model, however, closely resembles what game theorists call a ‘nested game’. This article (re)introduces the nested Warden's Dilemma, focuses on the tripartite relationship inherent to the model and examines hunger strikes as part of a strategy potentially informed by instrumental rationality and knowledge of the Warden's Dilemma dynamic. After briefly discussing the implications of approaching self-sacrificial behaviour from a rationalist perspective, a case study of strategic non-violence in Myanmar (Burma) demonstrates how third parties can both diffuse instrumental rationality regarding political self-sacrifice and facilitate patterns of resistance that appear to capitalize on the Warden's Dilemma dynamic.
In vitroeffect of leptin on human cardiac contractility
Authors: Chaban Ryan , Buschmann Katja , Ghazy Ahmed , Poplawski Alicia , Wittmann Nadja , Beiras-Fernandez Andres , Vahl Christian-Friedrich 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLeptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, has been linked to many regulatory pathways. Its role in the complex relationship between obesity and CVD is not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether leptin interferes directly with cardiac function regulation, altering its contractile force character, and hence contributing to different pathological processes. Muscle samples were obtained from human atrial myocardium. Each trial included two samples from the same patient. They were simultaneously electrically stimulated under sustained perfusion to perform isometric contractions. One sample was treated with a high concentration of human recombinant leptin (1 µg/ml). The other was treated with placebo and served as a control. The exhibited contraction forces (CF) and the contraction duration (CD) after 20 min of treatment were normalised by dividing them by the values before the treatment and reported as a percentage. A total of ten successful trials were conducted. Exposure to leptin did not yield a statistically significant variation in both CF and CF. In the treatment group, CF% measured 108 (95 % CI 91, 125) % and CD% measured 95 (95 % CI 90, 101) % after 20 min. In the control group, CF% measured 105 (90 % CI 84, 126) % and CD% measured 92 (95 % CI 80, 105) % after 20 min. We concluded that leptin does not alter the contractile character of human atrial tissues, even in supraphysiological dosage. These results suggest that leptin does not play a role in short-term cardiac regulation.
Species composition, diversity, and the abundance of arthropods inhabiting burrows of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetusL.)
Authors: Celebias P. , Melke A. , Gwiazdowicz D.J. , Przewoźny M. , Komosiński K. , Baraniak E. , Winnicka K. , Melosik I. , Ziomek J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe is insufficient knowledge of arthropod communities occurring in specific microhabitats. In this study, we characterize the arthropod assemblages inhabiting burrows of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetusL.) and factors that determine their diversity and abundance. We tested the following hypotheses: (1) arthropod assemblages are associated with a particular dominant vegetation occurring in the vicinity of burrows; (2) a correlation exists between fine-scale geographic distances among burrows and assemblage dissimilarity; and (3) the type of trap influences the sampling success of captured arthropods. We found 73 morphospecies belonging to 16 families in 109 burrows, most of which were in the families Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) and Parasitidae (Arachnida: Acari: Mesostigmata). The most abundant families were Staphylinidae, Cryptophagidae (Coleoptera), Parasitidae, and Macrochelidae (Mesostigmata) (78.89%). Among the identified species, we foundAleochara irmgardis(Staphylinidae) andPoecilochirus sexclavatus(Parasitidae) which had not yet been reported in Poland, and several other rare species. Meat-baited traps captured 64.34% more individuals, which were more diverse and species-rich than the non-baited control traps, but the former was more selective for saprophages, necrophages, and coprophages. The burrows located in areas overgrown by triticale (a hybrid of wheat and rye) were inhabited by 69.86% of the identified arthropod species, and these also had the highest abundance (64.07%) in comparison with other habitats. However, differences in sample size biased our results toward and overestimate arthropods associated with this vegetation. This study underlines that the species composition detected in burrows was affected by the methods used and hamster preferences for a specific habitat rather than the geographic proximity of the burrows. More extensive sampling across multiple habitats will be necessary to confirm our findings.
Laser sputtering of Zr under Ar and O2 environments explored by quartz crystal microbalance and SEM analysis
Authors: Sarfraz Syed Muhammad Abouzar , Bashir Shazia , Mahmood Khaliq 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe effect of laser fluence and nature of ambient environments on the sputtering yield, surface modifications, crater depth, UV-visible absorption spectra, chemical composition, and micro hardness of Zr has been investigated. Nd: YAG laser (532 nm, 10 Hz, 6 ns) at different fluences varying from 16 to 60.8 Jcm−2was employed as an irradiation source. All measurements are performed under two ambient environments of Ar and O2at a constant pressure of 10 Torr. Quartz crystal microbalance has been employed for the measurement of sputtering yield of laser irradiated Zr. It is revealed that sputtering yield increases monotonically with increasing fluence under both environments however, it is higher in Ar as compared to O2environment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to explore the surface morphology. SEM analysis exhibits the formation of cones, ridges, and cracks at the central ablated areas whereas, laser-induced periodic surface structures, periodic ridges and sharp cones are observed at inner boundaries in both environments of Ar and O2. Sharp spikes are observed in both environments, however, their height and distinctness are more pronounced in Ar as compared to O2. Cones are characteristic features in Ar, whereas, cavities and channels are dominant features in O2environment at outer boundaries. The formation and growth of surface structures are dependent upon laser fluence and ambient gas nature. The depth profilometry has been used to measure the crater depth of irradiated Zr target by using an optical microscope. UV visible spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses reveal the oxide formation in the case of Zr irradiation in O2environment. The Vicker Micro-hardness tester has been employed to measure the hardness. The higher observed values of sputtering yield, crater depth and hardness of laser ablated Zr in Ar as compared to O2are well correlated with distinct surface structures.
Professor Guillermo Velarde and the Madrid manifesto: a leap forward in ICF scientific collaboration
Authors: Carpintero-Santamaría N. , Perlado J. Manuel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn 1988 Professor Guillermo Velarde, founder of the Instituto de Fusión Nuclear (IFN), chaired the 19th European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter held in Madrid on 3–7 October 1988. About 170 scientists from Europe, the Soviet Union, United States, Japan, Canada, Israel, Australia, China, and South Africa participated in the ECLIM 88. ECLIM 88 was among ECLIM's series a turning point in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research. The work already performed by different laboratories in Europe, Japan, and around the world had reached a level such that without explicitly expressing it, the collective scientific consensus wanted a change in the existing close policies in several ICF areas at large Laboratories in the USA, Russia, France, and UK.Dr. Erik Storm from the US Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory proposed to Professor Velarde to write a letter to be signed by the participants of the ECLIM in favor of having an open international collaboration in ICF. Professor Velarde then suggested drawing up a manifesto instead of a letter because the name manifesto had bigger historical connotations. The manifesto received a very successful response among the conference participants and was signed by more than 130 scientists. Our paper aims at twofold objective: (1) to put into account the positive repercussions derived from the MADRID MANIFESTO in the ICF research and (2) to remember the figure of Professor Guillermo Velarde, the most influential physicist in nuclear fusion energy by inertial confinement along the 20th century. His inspiration and leadership in science contributed to make this world a safer and secure place and for us, his disciples and colleagues, an irreplaceable personality in our lives.