bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative High‐Resolution Manometry Criteria are Associated with Dysphagia After Nissen Fundoplication
Authors: Siegal Steve R. , Dunst Christy M. , Robinson Ben , Dewey Elizabeth N. , Swanstrom Lee L. , DeMeester Steven R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundDysphagia after Nissen fundoplication is challenging for patients. High‐resolution manometry (HRM) has rarely been studied preoperatively to determine whether manometry values correlated with postoperative dysphagia after fundoplication. We aim to determine whether HRM criteria could predict dysphagia after Nissen fundoplication.MethodsA retrospective review of single‐institution laparoscopic Nissen fundoplications (LNF) from 2013 to 2015 was completed. Dysphagia was graded using a standard scale. Four groups were: those with new postoperative dysphagia (ND), never had dysphagia (NV), continued dysphagia (CD), and resolved dysphagia (RD). Manometry criteria included distal contractile integral (DCI), contraction front velocity (CFV), distal latency (DL), integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), percent peristalsis (PP), and distal esophageal contraction amplitude (DECA). Statistical bootstrapping was used to power sample sizes for ANOVA analysis.ResultsNinety‐four patients were included in the original cohort. Statistical bootstrapping sample size was 2992 patients. Among patients who did not have dysphagia prior to LNF, no HRM metric was associated with developing new dysphagia. Among those with dysphagia prior to LNF, a higher DCI, CFV, DL, PP, and DECA were associated with resolution of dysphagia. The RD group was 2.77 times more likely to have a DCI ≥ 1000 mmHg‐s‐cm compared with the CD group.ConclusionsHRM criteria could not predict the development of postoperative dysphagia. However, in those with preoperative dysphagia and strong manometry criteria, dysphagia is more likely to resolve after Nissen fundoplication. Meanwhile, in those with preoperative dysphagia and weak manometry, dysphagia may persist and these patients may be better served with a partial fundoplication.
Initial growth dynamics of 10 nm nanobubbles in the graphene liquid cell
Authors: Kim QHwan , Shin Dongha , Park Jungwon , Weitz David A. , Jhe Wonho 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe unexpected long lifetime of nanobubble against the large Laplace pressure is one of the important issues in nanobubble research and a few models have been proposed to explain it. Most studies, however, have been focused on the observation of relatively large nanobubbles over 100 nm and are limited to the equilibrium state phenomena. The study on the sub-100 nm sized nanobubble is still lacking due to the limitation of imaging methods which overcomes the optical resolution limit. Here, we demonstrate the observation of growth dynamics of 10 nm nanobubbles confined in the graphene liquid cell using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We modified the classical diffusion theory by considering the finite size of the confined system of graphene liquid cell (GLC), successfully describing the temporal growth of nanobubble. Our study shows that the growth of nanobubble is determined by the gas oversaturation, which is affected by the size of GLC.
Nonlinear velocity redistribution caused by energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic modes, mapped with the beam-plasma system
Authors: Biancalani A. , Carlevaro N. , Bottino A. , Montani G. , Qiu Z. 
Published: December 2018

The nonlinear dynamics of energetic-particle (EP) driven geodesic acoustic modes (EGAM) in tokamaks is investigated, and compared with the beam-plasma system (BPS). The EGAM is studied with the global gyrokinetic (GK) particle-in-cell code ORB5, treating the thermal ions and EP (in this case, fast ions) as GK and neglecting the kinetic effects of the electrons. The wave–particle nonlinearity is only considered in the EGAM nonlinear dynamics. The BPS is studied with a one-dimensional code where the thermal plasma is treated as a linear dielectric, and the EP (in this case, fast electrons) with an N-body Hamiltonian formulation. A one-to-one mapping between the EGAM and the BPS is described. The focus is on understanding and predicting the EP redistribution in phase space. We identify here two distinct regimes for the mapping: in the low-drive regime, the BPS mapping with the EGAM is found to be complete, and in the high-drive regime, the EGAM dynamics and the BPS dynamics are found to differ. The transition is described with the presence of a non-negligible frequency chirping, which affects the EGAM but not the BPS, above the identified drive threshold. The difference can be resolved by adding an ad hoc frequency modification to the BPS model. As a main result, the formula for the prediction of the nonlinear width of the velocity redistribution around the resonance velocity is provided. This article is written as the second of a series of articles (the first being Biancalani et al. (J. Plasma Phys., vol. 83 (6), 2017, 725830602)) on the saturation of EGAMs due to wave–particle nonlinearity.
Filling biological information gaps of the marine topshell Phorcus sauciatus (Gastropoda: Trochidae) to ensure its sustainable exploitation
Authors: Sousa Ricardo , Vasconcelos Joana , Delgado João , Riera Rodrigo , González José A. , Freitas Mafalda , Henriques Paulo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTopshells play a pivotal role in intertidal rocky ecosystems and are adapted to harsh thermal and hydric stress. Phorcus sauciatus, a common grazer in the Macaronesian region (Madeira and the Canaries), has rarely been studied due to its restricted geographic distribution compared with Phorcus lineatus. Monthly samples were taken throughout 2017 to analyse biological parameters and evaluate the harvesting effect on the stocks of this species in Madeira. Individuals of the first age classes (<4 years) were dominant (~89%), while immature individuals were more abundant during the summer season. The spawning season occurs between March and August, especially from March to June. The size at first maturity was 12.95 mm long (1.68 years), with a continuous recruitment pattern throughout the year. Yield-per-recruit analysis (Y/R) showed that maximum production is achieved at a fishing mortality of 1.7 year−1, corresponding to a Y/R of 0.023 g. Currently, Phorcus sauciatus seems to be moderately exploited in Madeira, but urgent conservation measures, such as a landing obligation, the establishment of a minimum catch size of 15 mm length, and a closed season (February–May), are warranted to preserve stocks of this species in the medium to long term.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer and the necessity of kenosis for scriptural hermeneutics
Authors: Hamilton Nadine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIt is the argument of this article that Dietrich Bonhoeffer's hermeneutical approach understands creaturely existence to be truly held by the Word made flesh as the risen Christ, who is still wholly human and therefore truly present in creation. Therefore, this article argues with Dietrich Bonhoeffer that, for a viable theological hermeneutics, it is critically necessary to consider the kenotic movement of the risen Christ, not only for a proper understanding of holy scripture in its genuine humanness, but also for an understanding of the new creation as taking place in reconciled creatures through the Word.
The eucharist in post-Reformation Scotland: a theological tale of harmony and diversity
Authors: Nimmo Paul T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis essay explores the eucharistic theology of the confessions and catechisms in the Reformed tradition that were influential in Scotland between 1560 and 1640. A core purpose is to illumine the dogmatic architecture of early Reformed Scotland, and to reach a greater understanding of the different doctrinal impulses which shaped its churches and its people. A second purpose is to correct the way in which the doctrinal material from this period has been handled in some contemporary historic and constructive accounts. The essay first articulates a theological framework of harmony and diversity within which its source materials will be considered. It then exposits and analyses the content of these documents, aiming to locate them within this heuristic framework. In a final section, it draws some tentative conclusions in both historical and constructive directions.
An Uncanny Honeymoon: Spanish Anarchism and the Bolshevik Dictatorship of the Proletariat, 1917–22
Authors: Zoffmann Rodriguez Arturo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Russian Revolution became a beacon flare for anti-capitalists across the world, including many anarchists. The Spanish anarcho-syndicalists became ardent supporters of Bolshevism, and many endorsed the concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat. Here, I try to arrive at a political and historical understanding of this uncanny honeymoon, and question empirical explanations that present it as a simple misunderstanding. I firstly historicize the evolution of the concept of the workers’ dictatorship in the Spanish labor movement and assess it through the prism of the antagonism between the anarchists and socialists. I then set the reception of the Russian Revolution in the context of social ferment that emerged in Spain after 1917, which generated enormous enthusiasm and clouded theoretical differences. I finally relate the reception of the Soviet dictatorship to the intensification of class violence in these years, which rendered many anarchists hospitable to the authoritarian methods of the Bolsheviks.
Race and Class in the Postwar World: The Southern African Labour Congress
Authors: Money Duncan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUnderstandings of class have often been highly racialized and gendered. This article examines the efforts of white workers’ organizations in Southern Africa during the 1940s to forge such a class identity across the region and disseminate it among the international labor movement. For these organizations, the “real” working class was composed of white men who worked in mines, factories, and on the railways, something pertinent to contemporary understandings of class.The focus of these efforts was the Southern African Labour Congress, which brought together white trade unions and labor parties and sought to secure a place for them in the postwar world. These organizations embodied the politics of “white laborism,” an ideology which fused political radicalism and white domination, and they enjoyed some success in gaining acceptance in the international labor movement. Although most labor histories of the region have adopted a national framework, this article offers an integrated regional labor history.
China's Missing Children: Political Barriers to Citizenship through the Household Registration System
Authors: Vortherms Samantha A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractApproximately 13 million Chinese lackhukou, the formal household registration. This prevents them from claiming full citizenship rights, including social welfare, formal identity documents and employment in the state sector. The government blames birth planning policies for the unregistered population, but this explanation ignores the role of internal migration. Because citizenship rights are locally determined and thehukousystem is locally managed, migrants face significant barriers to registering their children. This article systematically analyses the political determinants of the unregistered population nationwide. Based on a logit analysis of a sample of 2.5 million children from the 2000 census, I find that children born in violation of the one-child policy do have lower rates of registration and that children born to migrant mothers are four times more likely to be unregistered than registered. Continuing government focus on the effect of birth planning ignores the more fundamental institutional barriers inherent in thehukousystem.
Transient Q-waves in an infant with asymptomatic myocardial infarction due to Kawasaki disease
Authors: Akagawa Daisuke , Motoki Noriko , Hachiya Akira , Akazawa Yohei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGiant coronary artery aneurysms are a complication of Kawasaki disease and can be fatal if associated with thrombosis. We describe the clinical outcome of a boy with Kawasaki disease who exhibited “supergiant” coronary artery aneurysms at the age of 14 months and, despite treatment with anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication, developed a left coronary artery thrombosis and presented following a myocardial infarction at 2 years old. Although his symptoms were minimal, the myocardial infarction was identified by abnormal Q-waves and giant negative T-waves in precordial leads of routine electrocardiography. Intensive anticoagulant therapy combining heparin injections and high-dose warfarin was successful. The abnormal Q-waves and negative T-waves had completely disappeared 2 weeks later, likely in association with confirmed reperfusion. On the basis of prompt identification of abnormal Q-waves by electrocardiography, the patient could avoid thrombolytic therapy and catheter or surgical intervention.
The Spatial Variability of Organic Matter and Decomposition Processes at the Marsh Scale
Authors: Yousefi Lalimi F. , Silvestri S. , D'Alpaos A. , Roner M. , Marani M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAccretion rate in salt marshes is governed by inorganic soil deposition and soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation. Existing (limited) observations and modeling results suggest that SOM amounts, biomass production, and decomposition processes should vary widely and systematically at the marsh scale. However, we lack observations aimed at understanding how SOM production is modulated spatially within a marsh, and at elucidating the relative importance of the controlling processes. The little existing data suggest that competing effects between biomass production and decomposition processes determine an approximately spatially constant contribution of SOM to total accretion. Here we investigate this idea using concurrent observations of SOM and decomposition rates from marshes in North Carolina. Our results indicate that systematic spatial variations in SOM are small, possibly as a result of an at least partial compensation of opposing trends in biomass production and decomposed organic matter. Our analyses show that deeper soil layers are, on average, characterized by lower decomposition rates and higher stabilization factors than shallower layers, likely because of differences in the persistence of water‐logged conditions. Overall, decomposition processes are sufficiently rapid that the labile material in the fresh biomass is completely decomposed before it can be sufficiently buried and stabilized. Our findings point to the importance of the fraction of initially refractory material and of stabilization processes in determining the final distribution of SOM within the soil column.
Factors Influencing the Seasonal Predictability of Northern Hemisphere Severe Winter Storms
Authors: Hansen F. , Kruschke T. , Greatbatch R. J. , Weisheimer A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigate the role of the tropics, the stratosphere, and atmosphere‐ocean coupling for seasonal forecasts of strong, potentially damaging, Northern Hemisphere extratropical winter wind storm frequencies. This is done by means of relaxation experiments with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts model, which allow us to prescribe perfect forecasts for specific parts of the coupled atmosphere‐ocean system. We find that perfect predictions of the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere significantly enhance winter storm predictive skill between eastern Greenland and Northern Europe. Correct seasonal predictions of the occurrence of stratospheric sudden warmings play a decisive role. The importance of correctly predicting the tropics and of two‐way atmosphere‐ocean coupling, both for forecasting stratospheric sudden warming risk and, correspondingly, severe winter storm frequency, is noted.
Observations of Zooplankton Diel Vertical Migration From High‐Resolution Surface Ocean Optical Measurements
Authors: Burt William J. , Tortell Philippe D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate that signal spikes in optical backscatter measurements provide information on the diel vertical migration patterns of oceanic zooplankton. During nighttime, we observed high frequency spikes in particulate optical backscatter coincident with increased acoustic backscatter from vertically migrating zooplankton. We used our measurements to examine the spatial patterns and daily timing of zooplankton migrations across the eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean, demonstrating coherence of diel vertical migrations with regional hydrographic features. Vertical zooplankton migration was consistently observed in oligotrophic offshore waters but less apparent in higher productivity waters over the continental shelf, where bottom depth, hydrographic fronts, and plankton abundance influenced apparent zooplankton distributions. Our results suggest that spikes in optical backscatter data, which are normally removed during data processing, can be more fully exploited to examine marine zooplankton dynamics from autonomous measurement systems.
Mesoscale Eddies Modulate Mixed Layer Depth Globally
Authors: Gaube Peter , J. McGillicuddy Dennis , Moulin Aurélie J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMesoscale eddies, energetic vortices covering nearly a third of the ocean surface at any one time, modulate the spatial and temporal evolution of the mixed layer. We present a global analysis of concurrent satellite observations of mesoscale eddies with hydrographic profiles by autonomous Argo floats, revealing rich geographic and seasonal variability in the influence of eddies on mixed layer depth. Anticyclones deepen the mixed layer depth, whereas cyclones thin it, with the magnitude of these eddy‐induced mixed layer depth anomalies being largest in winter. Eddy‐centric composite averages reveal that the largest anomalies occur at the eddy center and decrease with distance from the center. Furthermore, the extent to which eddies modulate mixed layer depth is linearly related to the sea surface height amplitude of the eddies. Finally, large eddy‐mediated mixed layer depth anomalies are more common in anticyclones when compared to cyclones. We present candidate mechanisms for this observed asymmetry.
Residual Strain Mechanism of Aftershocks and Exponents of the Modified Omori's Law
Authors: Dyskin A. V. , Pasternak E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe rate of aftershocks caused by residual stresses left after a major seismic event or material failure is considered. It is assumed that the local (or “micro” with respect to the scale of the major event) failures registered as aftershocks are produced by static fatigue (delayed fracture). The key point is that the post failure unloading leaves residual strain; the latter induces stresses proportional to the effective (average) moduli. The moduli decay with accumulated microfailures (microcracks or defects or sliding zones), which explains the aftershock rate decay observed by the (modified) Omori's law. It is found that the value of Omori's exponent, p, reveals one of three types of effective moduli decay with the number of aftershocks: p = 1 (the original Omori's law) corresponds to the exponential reduction of the effective moduli, typical for isotropic distribution of accumulated microcracks or sliding zones; p < 1 (the modified Omori's law) corresponds to the power law reduction of the effective moduli, typical for parallel sliding zones; p > 1 (the modified Omori's law) corresponds to the emergence of critical number of defects. This can be indicative of approaching critical event, that is, major seismic event or failure.
How Many Hydrated NEOs Are There?
Authors: Rivkin Andrew S. , DeMeo Francesca E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHydrated minerals are tracers of early solar system history and have been proposed as a possible focus for economic activity in space. Near‐Earth objects (NEOs) are important to both of these, especially the most accessible members of that community. Because there are very few identified hydrated NEOs, we use the Ch spectral class of asteroids as a proxy for hydrated asteroids and use published work about NEO delivery, main‐belt taxonomic distributions, NEO taxonomic distributions, and observed orbital distributions to estimate the number of hydrated asteroids with different threshold sizes and at different levels of accessibility. We expect 53 ± 27 Ch asteroids to be present in the known population of NEOs >1‐km diameter, and using two different approaches to estimate accessibility we expect 17 ± 9 of them to be more accessible on a round trip than the surface of the Moon. If there is no need to define a minimum size, we expect 700 ± 350 hydrated objects that meet that accessibility criterion. While there are few unknown NEOs larger than 1 km, the population of smaller NEOs yet to be discovered could also be expected to contain proportionally many hydrated objects. Finally, we estimate that hydrated NEOs are unlikely to bring enough water to account for the ice found at the lunar poles, though it is possible that asteroid‐delivered hydrated minerals could be found near their impact sites across the lunar surface.
Linking Marine Plankton Ecosystems and Climate: A New Modeling Approach to the Warm Early Eocene Climate
Authors: Wilson J. D. , Monteiro F. M. , Schmidt D. N. , Ward B. A. , Ridgwell A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe fossil record reveals large changes in marine plankton ecosystems linked with both environmental and ecological change across the Cenozoic. An understanding of the drivers of these changes is key to understanding the marine carbon cycle. The response of plankton ecosystems in past warm climates also provides a key analogue for current climate change. While models are employed to quantify interactions between the environment and the biota, current Earth system models strongly encode our understanding of modern marine ecosystems. By contrast, trait‐based models aim to describe the marine plankton ecosystem in terms of fundamental ecological and physiological rules that are less likely to change through time. This provides a unique opportunity to assess the interactions between marine ecosystem and paleoclimate. For the first time, we apply a size‐structured trait‐based plankton ecosystem model embedded in the Earth system model of intermediate complexity, cGENIE, to model plankton communities for the warm climate of the early Eocene. Compared to modern, we find the warm climate is associated with an increase in the mean cell size of plankton communities and export production, particularly in the southern high latitudes, along with lower total phytoplankton biomass. Paleogeography has an important role in regulating the effect of ecosystem structure via changes in ocean circulation and nutrient cycling. Warmer temperatures also drive changes due to enhanced zooplankton grazing. An integration of the fossil record with plankton ecosystem models will provide a powerful tool to assess the impacts of warm climates on marine systems.