bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential patterns of age‐related cortical and subcortical functional connectivity in 6‐to‐10 year old children: A connectome‐wide association study
Authors: Langen Carolyn D. , Muetzel Ryan , Blanken Laura , van der Lugt Aad , Tiemeier Henning , Verhulst Frank , Niessen Wiro J. , White Tonya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionTypical brain development is characterized by specific patterns of maturation of functional networks. Cortico‐cortical connectivity generally increases, whereas subcortico‐cortical connections often decrease. Little is known about connectivity changes amongst different subcortical regions in typical development.MethodsThis study examined age‐ and gender‐related differences in functional connectivity between and within cortical and subcortical regions using two different approaches. The participants included 411 six‐ to ten‐year‐old typically developing children sampled from the population‐based Generation R study. Functional connectomes were defined in native space using regions of interest from subject‐specific FreeSurfer segmentations. Connections were defined as: (a) the correlation between regional mean time‐series; and (b) the focal maximum of voxel‐wise correlations within FreeSurfer regions. The association of age and gender with each functional connection was determined using linear regression. The preprocessing included the exclusion of children with excessive head motion and scrubbing to reduce the influence of minor head motion during scanning.ResultsCortico‐cortical associations echoed previous findings that connectivity shifts from short to long‐range with age. Subcortico‐cortical associations with age were primarily negative in the focal network approach but were both positive and negative in the mean time‐series network approach. Between subcortical regions, age‐related associations were negative in both network approaches. Few connections had significant associations with gender.ConclusionsThe present study replicates previously reported age‐related patterns of connectivity in a relatively narrow age‐range of children. In addition, we extended these findings by demonstrating decreased connectivity within the subcortex with increasing age. Lastly, we show the utility of a more focal approach that challenges the spatial assumptions made by the traditional mean time series approach.
Characteristics of Nitric Acid‐Modified Carbon Nanotubes and Desalination Performance in Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Bao Shenxu , Duan Jihua , Zhang Yimin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated by nitric acid to probe the effect of nitric acid modification on their properties and desalination performance in capacitive deionization (CDI). The nitric acid modification exerts a slight influence on the morphologies, specific surface area, and pore properties of the MWCNTs but can increase the amount of oxygen‐containing functional groups and then obviously enhance the specific capacitance of the electrodes. Thus, the desalination efficiency can be significantly improved as the modified MWCNTs serve as electrodes in CDI. The adsorption of salt ions on the original and modified MWCNT electrode is fitted well by the Freundlich isotherm other than the Langmuir isotherm.
Local Structural Effects of Eu3+ Incorporation into Xenotime‐type Solid Solutions with Different Host Cations
Authors: Xiao Bin , Lösch Henry , Huittinen Nina , Schmidt Moritz 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, the effect of host cations on the local structure around the dopant site of materials from the xenotime family is systematically studied on the molecular level. A series of six Eu3+‐doped xenotime‐type single crystals (Tb, Y, Ho, Er, Yb, and LuPO4) have been grown and spectroscopically analyzed by using polarization‐dependent laser‐induced luminescence spectroscopy (p‐TRLFS). Our results demonstrate that the structural disorder changes in a non‐linear manner with a structural break between Yb3+ and Lu3+. Despite adopting identical crystal structures, the solid solutions of these materials vary significantly, and differ from monazite solid solutions. Similar Eu3+ incorporation behavior with a strongly distorted dopant site is found for the early members of the xenotime family, whereas LuPO4 with the largest host versus dopant radii mismatch is anomalous in that it contains the most symmetrical lattice site. This goes along with a significantly stronger crystal field, indicating a shorter Eu−O bond length, as well as a strong vibronic coupling to external translational lattice vibrations. The p‐TRLFS analysis confirms the breakdown of the crystallographic site symmetry from D2d to C1 in YPO4, whereas a small distortion of the crystallographic site in LuPO4 results in an S4 point symmetry for the Eu3+ cation. The lattice with the smallest cation host site is no longer sufficiently flexible to make room for Eu3+ and instead “forces” the guest ion to occupy a less distorted Lu3+ site.
Are cortisol concentrations in human breast milk associated with infant crying?
Authors: Hechler Christine , Beijers Roseriet , Riksen‐Walraven J. Marianne , de Weerth Carolina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe present longitudinal study is the first to investigate the association between human breast milk cortisol and infant crying over the first three months of life. Higher concentrations of breast milk cortisol were expected to be differentially associated with fussing and crying in boys and girls. At 2, 6, and 12 weeks of infant age, mothers (N = 70) collected a morning sample of their milk and kept a 3‐day diary to measure infant fussing and crying. Cortisol was extracted and quantified from milk samples. Results showed that breast milk cortisol concentrations increased from 2 weeks through 12 weeks of infant age. Milk cortisol was unrelated to the total duration, frequency, and bout length of infant fussing and crying for both boys and girls. Directions for future research aiming to extend our knowledge on the biology of milk cortisol in relation to infant behavior and development are discussed.
Traits correlate with invasive success more than plasticity: A comparison of three Centaurea congeners
Authors: Montesinos Daniel , Callaway Ragan M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe importance of phenotypic plasticity for successful invasion by exotic plant species has been well studied, but with contradictory and inconclusive results. However, many previous studies focused on comparisons of native and invasive species that co‐occur in a single invaded region, and thus on species with potentially very different evolutionary histories. We took a different approach by comparing three closely related Centaurea species: the highly invasive C. solstitialis, and the noninvasive but exotic C. calcitrapa and C. sulphurea. These species have overlapping distributions both in their native range of Spain and in their non‐native range of California. We collected seeds from 3 to 10 populations from each region and species and grew them in common garden greenhouse conditions to obtain an F1 generation in order to reduce maternal effects. Then, F1 seeds were grown subjected to simulated herbivory, variation in nutrient availability, and competition, to explore plasticity in the responses to these conditions. We found little variation in phenotypic plasticity among species and regions, but C. solstitialis plants from California produced more biomass in competition than their Spanish conspecifics. This species also had the highest relative growth rates when in competition and when grown under low nutrient availability. Noninvasive congeners produced intermediate or opposite patterns.
Changes in transient elastography in early cirrhotic patients after receiving nonselective B‐blocker for primary variceal bleeding prophylaxis: Three‐month follow up
Authors: Piyachaturawat Panida , Siramolpiwat Sith , Sonsiri Kanokwan , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Treeprasertsuk Sombat 
Published: July 2018

Background and AimA nonselective B‐blocker (NSBB) is recommended for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. The impact of treatment with NSBB on modulating transient elastography (TE) has not been reported. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of NSBB treatment on TE in early cirrhotic patients.MethodsIn this prospective study, we enrolled all early cirrhotic patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and showed small esophageal varices (EV) at our institute for a period of 1 year. The TE and heart rate (HR) of all participants were measured before and 3 months after receiving NSBB.ResultsThirty‐nine patients receiving propanolol for 3 months were analyzed. There were 16 patients in the HR responder group (41%) and 23 patients in the HR nonresponder group (59%). The reduction of TE was preferably found in the HR responder group compared with the HR nonresponder group, in which mean changes in TE were −5.6 and −0.7 kPa, respectively (P = 0.23). In addition, we categorized the patients using their TE responses. Twenty‐five patients (64.1%) showed reduced TE during the follow‐up period, in which the mean TE value change was −2.94 kPa. Using correlation analysis, TE and HR responses were insignificantly correlated (r = 0.23, P = 0.15).ConclusionThe NSBB administered for 3 months mainly improved TE value in early cirrhotic patients even though the changes of HR and TE did not correlate. Further study is needed to confirm whether the monitoring of TE change may be a better predictor for pharmacological response than the HR response.
Regularity and h‐polynomials of monomial ideals
Authors: Hibi Takayuki , Matsuda Kazunori 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLet denote the polynomial ring in n variables over a field K with each and let be a homogeneous ideal of S with . The Hilbert series of is of the form , where with is the h‐polynomial of . It is known that, when is Cohen–Macaulay, one has , where is the (Castelnuovo–Mumford) regularity of . In the present paper, given arbitrary integers r and s with and , a monomial ideal I of with for which and will be constructed. Furthermore, we give a class of edge ideals of Cameron–Walker graphs with for which is not Cohen–Macaulay.
Pelvic floor dysfunction in women with fibromyalgia and control subjects: Prevalence and impact on overall symptomatology and psychosocial function
Authors: Carrillo‐Izquierdo Maria Dolores , Slim Mahmoud , Hidalgo‐Tallon Javier , Calandre Elena P. 
Published: July 2018

AimsTo evaluate the prevalence, distress, and impact of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) symptomatology in women with fibromyalgia and control women. We also aimed to evaluate the impact of PFD symptomatology on several psychosocial measures such as mood, sleep, pain, and quality of life.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in women with fibromyalgia and control women from the general population. Using a structured survey, we collected sociodemographic and clinical data, assessed the prevalence of PFD and evaluated the distress (PFDI‐20) and the impact (PFIQ‐7) caused by its symptomatology. Using Spanish‐validated questionnaires, we also evaluated mood and sleep disturbances, bodily pain, and quality of life in subjects with and without PFD. In participants with fibromyalgia, we assessed the severity and impact of the disease using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR).ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐six patients with fibromyalgia and 222 control women completed the surveys. Two hundred and twenty patients (93%) and 140 controls (63%) reported PFD‐related symptoms. Both the scores of distress (143.1 ± 5.7 vs 96.1 ± 4.8, P < 0.0001) and impact (122.4 ± 5.6 vs 100.6 ± 6.4, P < 0.0001) caused by PFD symptoms were significantly higher in women with fibromyalgia than in controls. There was a significant positive relationship between fibromyalgia severity and both PFDI‐20 (r2 = 0.32, P < 0.0001) and PFIQ‐7 scores (r2 = 0.375, P < 0.0001). Depression severity, sleep disturbances, bodily pain, and low quality of life were highest in women with fibromyalgia and PFD and lowest in control women without PFD.ConclusionsPFD‐related symptoms were significantly more frequent in women with fibromyalgia than in controls. PFD symptomatology, when present, negatively influenced mood, sleep quality, and quality of life of both patients with fibromyalgia and controls.
The topologically twisted index of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills on T 2 × S2 and the elliptic genus
Authors: Hong Junho , Liu James T. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

We examine the topologically twisted index of

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 super-Yang-Mills with gauge group SU(N ) on T
2×S
2, and demonstrate that it receives contributions from multiple sectors corresponding to the freely acting orbifolds T
2/ℤ
m
× ℤ
n
where N = mn. After summing over these sectors, the index can be expressed as the elliptic genus of a twodimensional

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= (0, 2) theory resulting from Kaluza-Klein reduction on S
2. This provides an alternate path to the ‘high-temperature’ limit of the index, and confirms the connection to the right-moving central charge of the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= (0, 2) theory.
Presenting Archaeology and Heritage at a UNESCO World Heritage Site: Gorée Island, Senegal
Authors: Thiaw Ibrahima , Wait Gerry 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTGorée Island is Senegal's first site on the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is associated with the infamous Atlantic slave trade, and over the past few decades, Gorée has become a prime destination for global tourism, particularly for the African diaspora from the New World but also for many Europeans and African nationals. Today, Gorée is a forum where different stakeholders battle over the role, place, and significance of the island in the Atlantic slave trade and its enduring legacies in the present. While Gorée owes much of its reputation to its heritage, including architecture, archaeology, and monuments, recent controversies over site preservation and policy compliance raised questions about heritage presentation and consumption. This article analyzes stakeholders’ attitudes toward archaeology and heritage to gain insights on how they are presented and consumed by different stakeholders and eventually destroyed by them as well. The discussion shows ambiguous attitudes toward site presentation and preservation, which might be linked either to stakeholders’ subjectivities or hypocrisy or to poor and uncoordinated communication strategies by heritage professionals.
A Framework to Assess the Quality of Non-traditional Articles in the Field of Disaster Response and Management
Authors: Hall Mary , Cartwright Chris , Lee Andrew C. K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveWhile carrying out a scoping review of earthquake response, we found that there is no universal standardized approach for assessing the quality of disaster evidence, much of which is variable or not peer reviewed. With the lack of a framework to ascertain the value and validity of this literature, there is a danger that valuable insights may be lost. We propose a theoretical framework that may, with further validation, address this gap.MethodsExisting frameworks – quality of reporting of meta-analyses (QUORUM), meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE), the Cochrane assessment of bias, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists, strengthening the reporting of observation studies in epidemiology (STROBE), and consensus guidelines on reports of field interventions in disasters and emergencies (CONFIDE)–were analyzed to identify key domains of quality. Supporting statements, based on these existing frameworks were developed for each domain to form an overall theoretical framework of quality. This was piloted on a data set of publications from a separate scoping review.ResultsFour domains of quality were identified: robustness, generalizability, added value, and ethics with 11 scored, supporting statements. Although 73 out of 111 papers (66%) scored below 70%, a sizeable portion (34%) scored higher.ConclusionOur theoretical framework presents, for debate and further validation, a method of assessing the quality of non-traditional studies and thus supporting the best available evidence approach to disaster response. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:147–151)
Hémodissection Pariétale Oblitérante des Vaisseaux Intracrâniens, une Forme Particulière d’Anévrysme Disséquant
Authors: Gagne F. , Lemay M. , Verret S. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA six year old girl complained of sudden severe headache, became hemiplegic and unconscious. A right carotid arteriogram revealed an obstruction of the right anterior cerebral artery and many sylvian branches. Death occurred four days later. At autopsy, a recent softening of nearly all the right middle cerebral arterial territory was found. Thrombus filled the sylvian artery and its main branches. Histologic examination of the vessel walls showed a dissecting infiltration of blood between the internal elastic lamina and the media. This particular form of dissecting aneurysm, occurring in young subjects, in the absence of atherosclerosis, high blood pressure and idiopathic medial necrosis, represents a distinct nosologic entity that has been called “Obstructive parietal hemodissection of intracranial vessels.” The pathogenesis of the disease is unknown: trauma has been mentioned, also congenital defects in the elastic lamina or other morphologic abnormalities ofthat lamina.
Leveraging Spatial and Temporal Variability to Probabilistically Characterize Nutrient Sources and Export Rates in a Developing Watershed
Authors: Strickling H. L. , Obenour D. R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHybrid watershed models based on nonlinear regression are useful tools for estimating the magnitude of loading rates (i.e., export coefficients) for various pollutant sources within large‐scale river basins. Few such models, however, have incorporated temporal variability in either source distributions or climate, despite evidence that precipitation is the primary driver in interannual variability in loading rates. The model developed here includes changes in precipitation, land use, point source discharge, and livestock operations to capture temporal variability in nitrogen loads. Precipitation is incorporated directly in the formulation of export rates using coefficients that vary by source type. Instream and reservoir retention of nitrogen is included to account for nitrogen sinks within the watershed. A Bayesian hierarchical approach is employed to integrate uncertainty in loading estimates, include prior knowledge of parameters, address intrawatershed correlation, and estimate export coefficients probabilistically. We apply this method to three North Carolina river basins that have experienced substantial growth in urban development and livestock operations in the past few decades, and where eutrophication‐related water quality problems are common. Accounting for temporal variability constrains uncertainties in nonpoint source export coefficients by nearly 50%, relative to a spatial‐only model. Results indicate that livestock operations are a significant contributor of nitrogen throughout much of the study area. Precipitation is shown to have a larger influence on export rates for agricultural than for developed lands, creating a system dominated by agricultural total nitrogen during high precipitation years and by developed (urban) regions during low precipitation years.
Pollen Rupture and Its Impact on Precipitation in Clean Continental Conditions
Authors: Wozniak M. C. , Solmon F. , Steiner A. L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPollen grains emitted from vegetation can rupture, releasing subpollen particles (SPPs) as fine atmospheric particulates. Previous laboratory research demonstrates potential for SPPs as efficient cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We develop the first model of atmospheric pollen grain rupture and implement the mechanism in regional climate model simulations over spring pollen season in the United States with a CCN‐dependent moisture scheme. The source of SPPs (surface or in‐atmosphere) depends on region and sometimes season, due to the distribution of relative humidity and rain. Simulated concentrations of SPPs are approximately 1–10 or 1–1,000 cm−3, depending on the number of SPPs produced per pollen grain (nspg). Lower nspg (103) produces a negligible effect on precipitation, but high nspg (106) in clean continental CCN background concentrations (100 CCN per cubic centimeter) shows that SPPs suppress average seasonal precipitation by 32% and shift rates from heavy to light while increasing dry days. This effect is smaller (2% reduction) for polluted air.
Variations in the H2O Content and H2O/Ce Ratio of Mantle Pyroxenites: Implications for Enriched Components in the Mantle
Authors: Hao Yan‐Tao , Li Pei , Coltorti Massimo , Xia Qun‐Ke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMantle pyroxenite xenoliths were collected from Hannuoba, East China, and investigated for their H2O content and trace element contents, with particular regard to the H2O/Ce ratio. The pyroxenites were divided into three groups: Cr‐pyroxenites, Al‐pyroxenites, and garnet pyroxenites. The H2O contents and H2O/Ce ratios of the pyroxenites in this study showed much wider ranges than those previously reported for the whole rock pyroxenites. The Cr‐pyroxenites had an H2O content ranging from 23 to 339 ppm and an H2O/Ce ratio between 32 and 212; the Al‐pyroxenites had an H2O content ranging from 42 to 106 ppm and an H2O/Ce ratio between 1 and 22, and the garnet pyroxenites had an H2O content ranging from 37 to 69 ppm and an H2O/Ce ratio between 5 and 54. These systematic variations in the H2O contents and H2O/Ce ratios for the Hannuoba pyroxenites are associated with their origins. Both the H2O content and H2O/Ce ratio of the Al‐pyroxenites were low compared to those of Hawaiian pyroxenite, enriched mantle, and depleted MORB mantle sources. The high H2O content and H2O/Ce ratio of the melt equilibrated with the Cr‐pyroxenites indicate that a water‐rich component was involved in its formation. Their large variations in the H2O contents and H2O/Ce ratios may indicate that pyroxenites are essential enriched components in the sources of continental basalts.