bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Based on Abraxane/Human Neutrophils Cytopharmaceuticals with Radiotherapy for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ju Caoyun , Wen Yajing , Zhang Luping , Wang Qianqian , Xue Lingjing , Shen Jian , Zhang Can 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGastric cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers with high incidence and mortality worldwide. The majority of gastric cancer patients are those who have first been diagnosed in advanced stage, in which the standard chemo‐radiotherapy produces limited benefit along with severe general toxicity, thus the demand for improved therapeutic efficacy and decreased side effects drives the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, a neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on Abraxane/human neutrophils (NEs) cytopharmaceuticals with radiotherapy is presented for effective cancer treatment. Human NEs, the most abundant white blood cells in peripheral blood, are developed to carry Abraxane, the commercial albumin‐bound paclitaxel nanoparticle, to form cytopharmaceuticals (Abraxane/NEs) which have been confirmed to maintain the intrinsic functions of human NEs. The modest radiation is applied not only to exert tumor disruption, but also to increase the release of inflammatory factors which guide the NEs homing to the tumoral sites. These amplified inflammatory factors at tumor sites excessively activate Abraxane/NEs to form neutrophil extracellular traps, along with a burst release of Abraxane to induce superior tumor suppression. This adjuvant chemo‐radiotherapy based on cytopharmaceuticals may provide new opportunities for advanced cancer treatment, which reveals the huge clinical potential of human neutrophils as drug delivery vectors.
Methodology for developing earthquake‐resilient structures
Authors: Grigorian Mark , Moghadam Abdolreza S. , Mohammadi Hadiseh , Kamizi Mozhgan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis paper proposes a methodology for developing earthquake‐resilient structures (ERSs). This is achieved by following principles of full cycle performance control and embracing a holistic approach to design led analysis (DLA) of ERS. Collapse prevention (CP) and postearthquake realignment and repairs (PERRs) are the basic traits of ERS. Despite the availability of several systems involving combinations of gap opening link beams (GOLBs), rigid rocking cores, buckling‐restrained braces, replaceable energy dissipating moment connections, and so forth, neither CP nor PERR are addressed in any code of practice. Although most of these devices have passed several tests of experiments and time–history analysis they have rarely been examined as integral parts of actual buildings. Real buildings cannot be ideally recentered unless specifically designed and detailed for CP and PERR. Almost all simple beam–column joints, especially standard hinged supports absorb small but sufficient amounts of residual strains that hinder PERR. The proposed methodology is introduced by way of developing an earthquake‐resilient rocking core‐moment frame, as the lateral resisting component of a gravity resisting structure that has been detailed not to develop residual effects while sustaining large lateral deformations.
Tetrandrine inhibits human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro
Authors: Jiang Yi‐Wen , Cheng Hsin‐Yu , Kuo Chao‐Lin , Way Tzong‐Der , Lien Jin‐Cherng , Chueh Fu‐Shin , Lin Yun‐Lian , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTetrandrine (TET) has been reported to induce anti‐cancer activity in many human cancer cells and also to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion. However, there are no reports to show TET inhibits cell migration and invasion in human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cells. In this study, we investigated the anti‐metastasis effects of TET on GBM 8401 cells in vitro. Under sub‐lethal concentrations (from 1, 5 up to 10 μM), TET significantly inhibited cell mobility, migration and invasion of GBM 8401 cells that were assayed by wound healing and Transwell assays. Gelatin zymography assay showed that TET inhibited MMP‐2 activity in GBM 8401 cells. Western blotting results indicated that TET inhibited several key metastasis‐related proteins, such as p‐EGFR(Tyr1068), SOS‐1, GRB2, Ras, p‐AKT(Ser473) and p‐AKT(Thr308), NF‐κB‐p65, Snail, E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, NF‐κB, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 that were significant reduction at 24 and 48 hours treatment by TET. TET reduced MAPK signaling associated proteins such as p‐JNK1/2 and p‐c‐Jun in GBM 8401 cells. The electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) assay was used to investigate NF‐κB and DNA binding was reduced by TET in a dose‐dependently. Based on these findings, we suggested that TET could be used in anti‐metastasis of human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cells in the future.
How Can Social Mentality Theory Help Us Understand Eating Disorder Presentations? A Scoping Review
Authors: Mullen Georgina , O'Reilly Gary 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis scoping review used social mentality theory (SMT) as a framework to identify and integrate relevant eating disorder systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A systematic search of the PsycINFO database was conducted, using terms from SMT and eating disorder literature. Eighteen systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that those with eating disorders also experience a number of relationship difficulties, in childhood and/or adulthood, related to attachment style, caregiver experiences, family functioning, social rank, social cognition, and self-compassion. The identification of these social difficulties is established in the eating disorder literature. SMT can provide a theoretical framework to understand how evolved motives to relate to others may contribute to these difficulties.
THE EVOLUTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A NATIONAL CURRICULUM UNDER CONDITIONS OF RESISTANCE: THE CASE OF THE PALESTINIANS (1970–82)
Authors: Amour Philipp O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCan a nation mobilizing for an extended armed conflict also construct and implement a national educational curriculum? This article explores the complex and crucial case of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) as it sought to develop a national curriculum while in exile in Lebanon during the 1970s, prior to the inception of the Palestinian National Authority. Based on previously unexamined primary sources from PLO archives, I show how the PLO accomplished a high level of curriculum maturity despite considerable contextual and institutional challenges. The PLO mainstream embraced this curriculum as a political instrument of anticolonial and postdiasporic education suitable for regenerating a sense of community, fostering nation building, and increasing the PLO's political legitimacy. However, as can be expected in a colonial or diasporic setting, the process of educational transition remained uneven, fragile, and dependent on the PLO leadership's ability to navigate conflicts and negotiate arrangements with colonial power, host states, and international organizations.
Helium Diffusion in Natural Xenotime
Authors: Anderson Alyssa J. , Hodges Kip V. , van Soest Matthijs C. , Hanchar John M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe typically high U and Th contents of xenotime ([Y,HREE]PO4) make this accessory mineral a promising candidate for (U‐Th)/He thermochronometry if the 4He diffusivity can be constrained well enough to estimate its closure temperature. We report new results for two 4He step‐heating experiments on different‐sized fragments of a natural xenotime crystal from the Torghar district of Pakistan (FPX‐1). This material, which has a composition within the range of most natural xenotimes (72 mol % YPO4), yields a laser ablation 238U/206Pb date of 28.82 ± 0.13 Ma and a (U‐Th)/He date of 15.32 ± 0.61 Ma (2σ). Results for our more detailed diffusion experiment display excellent linearity on an Arrhenius diagram and indicate kinetic parameters of E = 131.4 ± 1.1 kJ/mol and ln(D0/a2) = 10.61 ± 0.20 ln(s−1). These results suggest that the bulk closure temperature for 4He in the degassed crystal fragment is ∼75 °C for the nominal cooling rate of 10 °C/Ma. At equivalent cooling rates and for crystals with equivalent diffusion dimensions, the closure temperature for helium in xenotime is ∼20 °C lower than the closure temperature for helium in apatite. Because xenotime typically has high U and Th contents, it may serve as a high‐precision method for dating young, low‐temperature cooling histories of rocks in which it crystallized. Helium diffusion in xenotime is likely to be moderately anisotropic and moderately dependent on crystal chemistry, so closure temperature interpretations should be made cautiously.
Regulation of mycobacterial infection by macrophage Gch1 and tetrahydrobiopterin
Authors: McNeill Eileen , Stylianou Elena , Crabtree Mark J. , Harrington-Kandt Rachel , Kolb Anna-Lena , Diotallevi Marina , Hale Ashley B. , Bettencourt Paulo , Tanner Rachel , O’Shea Matthew K. , Matsumiya Magali , Lockstone Helen , Müller Julius , Fletcher Helen A. , Greaves David R. , McShane Helen , Channon Keith M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays a crucial role in controlling growth ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb), presumably via nitric oxide (NO) mediated killing. Here we show that leukocyte-specific deficiency of NO production, through targeted loss of the iNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), results in enhanced control ofM.tbinfection; by contrast, loss of iNOS renders mice susceptible toM.tb. By comparing two complementary NO-deficient models,Nos2−/−mice and BH4 deficientGch1fl/flTie2cre mice, we uncover NO-independent mechanisms of anti-mycobacterial immunity. In both murine and human leukocytes, decreasedGch1expression correlates with enhanced cell-intrinsic control of mycobacterial infection in vitro. Gene expression analysis reveals thatGch1deficient macrophages have altered inflammatory response, lysosomal function, cell survival and cellular metabolism, thereby enhancing the control of bacterial infection. Our data thus highlight the importance of the NO-independent functions ofNos2andGch1in mycobacterial control.
Publisher Correction: Disease-relevant transcriptional signatures identified in individual smooth muscle cells from healthy mouse vessels
Authors: Dobnikar Lina , Taylor Annabel L. , Chappell Joel , Oldach Phoebe , Harman Jennifer L. , Oerton Erin , Dzierzak Elaine , Bennett Martin R. , Spivakov Mikhail , Jørgensen Helle F. 
Published: December 2018

The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations.Martin R. Bennett was incorrectly associated with Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. Furthermore, Phoebe Oldach was incorrectly associated with Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.This has now been corrected in the HTML version of the Article. The PDF version of the Article was correct at the time of publication
Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy
Authors: Moura Carlos J. , Lessios Harilaos , Cortés Jorge , Nizinski Martha S. , Reed John , Santos Ricardo S. , Collins Allen G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMarine hydroids are important benthic components of shallow and deep waters worldwide, but their taxonomy is controversial because diagnostic morphological characters to categorize taxa are limited. Their genetic relationships are also little investigated. We tested taxonomic hypotheses within the highly speciose superfamily Plumularioidea by integrating a classical morphological approach with DNA barcoding of the 16S and COI mitochondrial markers for 659 and 196 specimens of Plumularioidea, respectively. Adding Genbank sequences, we inferred systematic relationships among 1,114 plumularioids, corresponding to 123 nominal species and 17 novel morphospecies in five families of Plumularioidea. We found considerable inconsistencies in the systematics of nominal families, genera and species. The families Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae were polyphyletic and the Halopterididae paraphyletic. Most genera of Plumularioidea are not monophyletic. Species diversity is considerably underestimated. Within our study, at least 10% of the morphologically-distinctive morphospecies are undescribed, and about 40% of the overall species richness is represented by cryptic species. Convergent evolution and morphological plasticity therefore blur systematic relationships. Additionally, cryptic taxa occur frequently in sympatry or parapatry, complicating correspondence with type material of described species. Sometimes conspecificity of different morphotypes was found. The taxonomy of hydroids requires continued comprehensive revision.
Cloning and expression of L-asparaginase from Bacillus tequilensis PV9W and therapeutic efficacy of Solid Lipid Particle formulations against cancer
Authors: Shakambari Ganeshan , Sameer Kumar Rai , Ashokkumar Balasubramaniem , Ganesh Venkatachalam , Vasantha Vairathevar Sivasamy , Varalakshmi Perumal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractL-asparaginase, a therapeutic involved in cancer therapy, from Bacillus tequilensis PV9W (ansA gene) was cloned and over expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), achieved the aim of maximizing the yield of the recombinant enzyme (6.02 ± 1.77 IU/mL) within 12 h. The native L-asparaginase of B. tequilensis PV9W was encapsulated using solid lipid particles by hot lipid emulsion method, which is reported for first time in this study. Subsequently, the lipid encapsulated L-asparaginase (LPE) was characterized by SEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, SDS-PAGE and its thermo stability was also analyzed by TGA. Further characterization of LPE revealed that enzyme was highly stable for 25 days when stored at 25 °C, showed high pH (9) tolerance and longer trypsin half-life (120 min). In addition, the cytotoxic ability of LPE on HeLa cells was highly enhanced compared to the native L-asparaginase from Bacillus tequilensis PV9W. Moreover, better kinetic velocity and lower Km values of LPE aided to detect L-asparagine in cell extracts by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) method. The LPE preparation also showed least immunogenic reaction when tested on normal macrophage cell lines. This LPE preparation might thus pave way for efficient drug delivery and enhancing the stability of L-asparaginase for its therapeutic applications.
Time and distance estimation in children using an egocentric navigation task
Authors: Thurley Kay , Schild Ulrike 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNavigation crucially depends on the capability to estimate time elapsed and distance covered during movement. From adults it is known that magnitude estimation is subject to characteristic biases. Most intriguing is the regression effect (central tendency), whose strength depends on the stimulus distribution (i.e. stimulus range), a second characteristic of magnitude estimation known as range effect. We examined regression and range effects for time and distance estimation in eleven-year-olds and young adults, using an egocentric virtual navigation task. Regression effects were stronger for distance compared to time and depended on stimulus range. These effects were more pronounced in children compared to adults due to a more heterogeneous performance among the children. Few children showed veridical estimations similar to adults; most children, however, performed less accurate displaying stronger regression effects. Our findings suggest that children use magnitude processing strategies similar to adults, but it seems that these are not yet fully developed in all eleven-year-olds and are further refined throughout adolescence.
Intratumoral heterogeneity of endogenous tumor cell invasive behavior in human glioblastoma
Authors: Parker Jonathon J. , Canoll Peter , Niswander Lee , Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B. K. , Foshay Kara , Waziri Allen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntratumoral genetic heterogeneity is a widely accepted characteristic of human cancer, including the most common primary malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma. However, the variability in biological behaviors amongst cells within individual tumors is not well described. Invasion into unaffected brain parenchyma is one such behavior, and a leading mechanism of tumor recurrence unaddressed by the current therapeutic armamentarium. Further, providing insight into variability of tumor cell migration within individual tumors may inform discovery of novel anti-invasive therapeutics. In this study, ex vivo organotypic slice cultures from EGFR-wild type and EGFR-amplified patient tumors were treated with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib to evaluate potential sub-population restricted intratumoral drug-specific responses. High-resolution time-lapse microscopy and quantitative path tracking demonstrated migration of individual cells are punctuated by intermittent bursts of movement. Elevation of population aggregate mean speeds were driven by subpopulations of cells exhibiting frequent high-amplitude bursts, enriched within EGFR-amplified tumors. Treatment with gefitinib specifically targeted high-burst cell subpopulations only in EGFR-amplified tumors, decreasing bursting frequency and amplitude. We provide evidence of intratumoral subpopulations of cells with enhanced migratory behavior in human glioblastoma, selectively targeted via EGFR inhibition. These data justify use of direct human tumor slice cultures to investigate patient-specific therapies designed to limit tumor invasion.
Oxytocin and vasopressin increase male-directed threats and vocalizations in female macaques
Authors: Jiang Yaoguang , Platt Michael L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn a previous study, we reported that intranasal delivery of both oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) to male macaques relaxes spontaneous social interactions, flattens the existing dominance hierarchy, and increases behavioral synchrony with other monkeys. Here we report that intranasal OT and AVP administration modulates the behaviors of female macaque monkeys, but in robustly different ways from males. Most notably, both neuropeptides increase threatening and vocalization behaviors of females when they encounter males, and these behaviors effectively increase the social status of females over males. While OT and AVP heighten the confrontational nature of intersexual encounters, both peptides relax interactions between females. Finally, as previously reported for males, treating an individual female monkey with OT or AVP significantly modulates the behavior of her non-treated partner. Together, these findings show that OT and AVP can either inhibit or promote aggression, depending on sex and behavioral context, and call for a more careful, systematic examination of the functions of these neuropeptides in both sexes, especially in the context of therapeutics for human social disorders.
Short-term radiofrequency exposure from new generation mobile phones reduces EEG alpha power with no effects on cognitive performance
Authors: Vecsei Zsuzsanna , Knakker Balázs , Juhász Péter , Thuróczy György , Trunk Attila , Hernádi István 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough mobile phone (MP) use has been steadily increasing in the last decades and similar positive trends are expected for the near future, systematic investigations on neurophysiological and cognitive effects caused by recently developed technological standards for MPs are scarcely available. Here, we investigated the effects of radiofrequency (RF) fields emitted by new-generation mobile technologies, specifically, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE), on intrinsic scalp EEG activity in the alpha band (8–12 Hz) and cognitive performance in the Stroop test. The study involved 60 healthy, young-adult university students (34 for UMTS and 26 for LTE) with double-blind administration of Real and Sham exposure in separate sessions. EEG was recorded before, during and after RF exposure, and Stroop performance was assessed before and after EEG recording. Both RF exposure types caused a notable decrease in the alpha power over the whole scalp that persisted even after the cessation of the exposure, whereas no effects were found on any aspects of performance in the Stroop test. The results imply that the brain networks underlying global alpha oscillations might require minor reconfiguration to adapt to the local biophysical changes caused by focal RF exposure mimicking MP use.
Notch signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for extracranial vascular malformations
Authors: Davis Reema B. , Pahl Kristy , Datto Nicholas C. , Smith Scott V. , Shawber Carrie , Caron Kathleen M. , Blatt Julie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNotch expression has been shown to be aberrant in brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM), and targeting Notch has been suggested as an approach to their treatment. It is unclear whether extracranial vascular malformations follow the same patterning and Notch pathway defects. In this study, we examined human extracranial venous (VM) (n = 3), lymphatic (LM) (n = 10), and AV (n = 6) malformations, as well as sporadic brain AVMs (n = 3). In addition to showing that extracranial AVMs demonstrate interrupted elastin and that AVMs and LMs demonstrate abnormal α-smooth muscle actin just as brain AVMS do, our results demonstrate that NOTCH1, 2, 3 and 4 proteins are overexpressed to varying degrees in both the endothelial and mural lining of the malformed vessels in all types of malformations. We further show that two gamma secretase inhibitors (GSIs), DAPT (GSI-IX) and RO4929097, cause dose-dependent inhibition of Notch target gene expression (Hey1) and rate of migration of monolayer cultures of lymphatic endothelial cells (hLECs) and blood endothelial cells (HUVEC). GSIs also inhibit HUVEC network formation. hLECs are more sensitive to GSIs compared to HUVEC. GSIs have been found to be safe in clinical trials in patients with Alzheimer’s disease or cancer. Our results provide further rationale to support testing of Notch inhibitors in patients with extracranial vascular malformations.
Mathematical-model-guided development of full-thickness epidermal equivalent
Authors: Kumamoto Junichi , Nakanishi Shinobu , Makita Mio , Uesaka Masaaki , Yasugahira Yusuke , Kobayashi Yasuaki , Nagayama Masaharu , Denda Sumiko , Denda Mitsuhiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEpidermal equivalents prepared with passaged keratinocytes are typically 10–20 μm thick, whereas intact human epidermis is up to 100 μm thick. Our established mathematical model of epidermal homeostasis predicted that the undulatory pattern of the papillary layer beneath the epidermis is a key determinant of epidermal thickness. Here, we tested this prediction by seeding human keratinocytes on polyester textiles with various fiber-structural patterns in culture dishes exposed to air, aiming to develop a more physiologically realistic epidermal model using passaged keratinocytes. Textile substrate with fiber thickness and inter-fiber distance matching the computer predictions afforded a three-dimensional epidermal-equivalent model with thick stratum corneum and intercellular lamellar lipid structure. The basal layer structure was similar to that of human papillary layer. Cells located around the textile fibers were proliferating, as indicated by BrdU and YAP (Yes-associated protein) staining and expression of melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Filaggrin, loricrin, claudin 1 and ZO-1 were all appropriately expressed. Silencing of transcriptional coactivator YAP with siRNA disturbed construction of the three-dimensional structure. Measurement of trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) indicated that the model has excellent barrier function. Our results support the idea that mathematical modeling of complex biological processes can have predictive ability and practical value.