bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Da necessidade de intervenção estatal para combater o <em>astroturfing</em> nas relações cibernéticas de consumo
Authors: Martinez Regina Célia , Queiroz Maurício Veloso , Mello Cristiane Maria Freitas de 
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho trata da importância do desenvolvimento pelo Estado de políticas públicas para o combate as práticas abusivas nas relações cibernéticas de consumo, especificamente o astroturfing. A pesquisa parte da observação do surgimento da relação cibernética de consumo, bem como da interseção entre cibernética e astroturfing. Assim, além de constituir propaganda enganosa, percebe-se que esse ato não se coaduna com os princípios democráticos constitucionais para a formação da opinião do consumidor cidadão. Portanto, é imperativa a criação de novos mecanismos de defesa do consumidor, próprios para a relação cibernética de consumo, haja vista que a legislação atual não possui a capacidade plena de defesa da condição do consumidor na sociedade da informação. Propõe-se, ademais, que o Estado e as associações de defesa do consumidor devem promover efetivamente a educação dos consumidores com a finalidade de que sejam conscientizados a respeito da verdadeira dinâmica do consumo na internet.
A quantificação do dano moral compensatório: em busca de critérios para os parágrafos V e X do art. 5º da CF/88
Authors: Bonna Alexandre Pereira , Leal Pastora Do Socorro Teixeira 
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo traz uma reflexão sobre o conceito do dano moral, discorrendo sobre a justiça corretiva na tarefa da quantificação da indenização. Inicialmente, é apresentado o conteúdo de alguns bens jurídicos que uma vez violados geram direito à indenização por dano moral. Em seguida, são abordados os desafios envolvendo critérios de quantificação do dano moral em face da omissão legislativa nos níveis infra e constitucional. Por fim, são delineados parâmetros que podem auxiliar o juiz na quantificação da indenização por dano moral para a efetividade da função compensatória da responsabilidade civil.
Outcomes in patients with DNA-damage repair related pancreatic cancer
Authors: Macklin Sarah , Hines Stephanie L. , Kasi Pashtoon M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Patients with DNA-damage response genes (DDR)-related pancreas cancer (BRCA1/2 or other DNA-damage related genes) may have improved outcomes secondary to increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging drugs (platinum chemotherapy/ poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP)-inhibitors). However, data is scarce pertaining to outcomes in this subset of patients. Our objective was to retrospectively identify DDR-related pancreas cancer patients and report on clinical outcomes.

Methods: Pancreas cancer patients with either a somatic or germline BRCA1/2 or other DDR genes were identified retrospectively through review of medical records (medical genetics/oncology), germline and tumor-based genetic testing results at our institution. Data regarding clinical outcomes, therapy received, and survival was subsequently extracted.

Results: A total of 11 patients with pancreas cancer were identified. Pathogenic DDR-variants detected were within BRCA1 (3), ATM (4), BRCA2 (2), PALB2 (1) and FANCC (1). Five of these individuals had prior history of other cancers. Clinically these tumors were localized (4), locally advanced (3), and metastatic (4) at diagnosis. Seven out of 11 patients were still alive at time of data review. Survival in the 3 patients who had died in the metastatic/advanced cohort was 23.5, 25.8 and 111.5 months. All patients with advanced disease had exposure to platinum chemotherapy.

Conclusions: Historical survival in patients with advanced and metastatic pancreas cancer is poor. Results of this DDR-subset of patients do show significantly superior outcomes, likely secondary to exposure to platinum drugs. This data, alongside other similar cohorts, would favor the DDR-genes being a predictive marker with improved survival if exposed to these drugs and the new class of drugs, PARP-inhibitors.
Functional Results and Photic Phenomena with new Extended-Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lens
Authors: Giers Bert C. , Khoramnia Ramin , Varadi Dorottya , Wallek Hannah , Son Hyeck Soo , Attia Mary S. , Auffarth Gerd U. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Evaluation of clinical and functional results of a new extended depth of focus intraocular lens (EDOF-IOL).

Methods

Sixteen cataract patients (thirty-two bilateral implantations) were assessed for uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities; uncorrected (UNVA), distance corrected (DCNVA) and best corrected (CNVA) near visual acuities; and uncorrected (UIVA) and distance-corrected (DCIVA) intermediate visual acuities - as well as binocular defocus curves. Photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity was recorded. Reading acuity was evaluated using an electronic reading desk at fixed distances and at the patient’s preferred near and intermediate distances. Visual symptoms were assessed with a halo and glare simulator plus a patient questionnaire which also recorded quality of life.

Results

Median postoperative monocular UDVA was 0.13logMAR (range -0.08 to 0.42logMAR), median CDVA was -0.01logMAR (range -0.20 to 0.22logMAR), median UIVA at 80 cm was -0.05logMAR (range -0.18 to 0.58logMAR) and median UNVA at 40 cm was 0.14logMAR (range -0.10 to 0.64logMAR). Binocular uncorrected reading acuity was 0.10logMAR at 40 cm and 0.11logMAR at 80 cm. Patients preferred a median intermediate reading distance of 62.8 cm over the predetermined 80 cm, which allowed them to read smaller letter size but did not improve reading acuity. Patients reported a high rate of spectacle independence and satisfaction in everyday life and little to no dysphotopsia.

Conclusion

The Mini WELL Ready IOL provided good postoperative functional results at far and intermediate distances and improved the visual and reading acuity at reading distance. The lens caused little to no dysphotopsia.
Association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and thyroid dysfunction: a case-control seroprevalence study
Authors: Alvarado-Esqu Cosme , Ramos-Nevarez Agar , Guido-Arreola Carlos Alberto , Cerrillo-Soto Sandra Margarita , Pérez-Álamos Alma Rosa , Estrada-Martínez Sergio , Gutierrez-Martinez Verónica Dayali , Sifuentes-Alvarez Antonio , Ramírez-Valles Eda Guadalupe , Contreras-Cisneros Edith 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: The association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and thyroid disease has been poorly studied. Therefore, we sought to determine the association between T. gondii seropositivity and thyroid dysfunction.
Methods: We performed an age- and gender-matched case-control study of 176 patients suffering from hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and 528 control subjects without these diseases in a public hospital in Durango City, Mexico. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were determined in sera from cases and controls using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay.
Results: Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 11 (6.3%) of 176 patients suffering from thyroid dysfunction and in 48 (9.1%) of 528 control subjects (OR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.33-1.31; P=0.23). Stratification by two groups of age (50 years and younger, and 51 year and older) showed that the youngest group of patients with thyroid dysfunction had a significantly lower seroprevalence of T. gondii infection than its age- and gender matched control group (1/83: 1.2% vs 23/257: 8.6%; OR=0.12; 95% CI: 0.01-0.93; P=0.01). This stratification also showed that the youngest group of patients with hypothyroidism had a significantly lower seroprevalence of T. gondii infection than its age- and gender matched control group (0/75: 0% vs 21/233: 9.0%; P=0.003).
Conclusions: Our results suggest that thyroid dysfunction is not associated with seropositivity to T. gondii in general; however, in young (50 years or less) patients, a negative association between infection and thyroid dysfunction and hypothyroidism was found. Further research to confirm this negative association is needed.
Diagnostic evaluation of IgM ELISA and IgM Immunofluorescence assay for the diagnosis of Acute Scrub Typhus in central Nepal
Authors: Gautam Rajendra , Parajuli Keshab , Stenos John , Tshokey Tshokey , Sherchand Jeevan Bahadur 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Introduction

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium,Orientia tsutsugamushi. Given their affordability and ease of use, antibody based diagnostic assays can be important diagnostic tools for early detection of scrub typhus fever in resource poor countries like Nepal. Immunochromatography (ICT) and IgM ELISA are two of the routinely employed antibody based assays for diagnosis of Scrub typhus fever in Nepal, although the recommended gold standard diagnostic test is IgM Immunofluorescence assay (IFA). This study evaluated the InBios Scrub Typhus Detect™ Immunoglobulin M (IgM) ELISA and IgM Immunofluorescence assays in single serum sample at the time of admission.

Methodology

Study participants (1585 suspected cases), were enrolled based on acute febrile illness with suspected scrub typhus cases in central Nepal from April 2017 to March 2018. Blood sample was collected from the suspected patients of scrub typhus, presenting with acute febrile illness. IgM antibody to Orientia tsusugamushi was detected by using Scrub Typhus Detect™ Kit (In Bios International, USA) and an in-house IgM IFA (Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, Geelong, Australia. The IFA assay was performed with the Gilliam, Karp, Kato strains and O. chuto antigens following the ARRL protocol.

Result

Statistical analysis of ELISA IgM results when compared to reference test, IgM IFA results demonstrated the following characteristics, sensitivity 84.0% (95%CI: 79.73%-87.68%), specificity 94.82% (95% CI: 93.43%-95.99%), positive likelihood ratio 16.21% (95% CI: 12.71%-20.67%), negative likelihood ratio 0.17% (95% CI: 0.13-0.21%), disease prevalence 22.08% (95% CI: 20.06%-24.21%), positive predictive value 82.12% (95% CI: 78.28-85.42%) and negative predictive value 95.44% (95% CI: 94.27%-96.38%) respectively.

Conclusion

The study indicated that the IgM ELISA has the sensitivity 84.0% (95% CI: 79.73%-87.68%) and specificity 94.82% (95% CI: 93.43%-95.99%). Although IgM IFA is considered the gold standard test for the diagnosis of scrub typhus cases, it is relatively expensive, requires trained personal and a microscope with fluorescence filters. Scrub typhus IgM ELISA with appropriate OD cut–off values may be the best alternative test and possible viable option for resource limited endemic countries like Nepal.
Convergent degeneration of olfactory receptor gene repertories in marine mammals
Authors: Liu Ake , He Funan , Shen Libing , Zhou Jingqi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Olfactory receptors (ORs) can bind odor molecules and play a crucial role in odor sensation. Due to the frequent gains and losses of genes during evolution, the number of OR members varies greatly among different species. However, it is still unclear whether the extent of gene gains/losses varies between marine mammals and related terrestrial mammals, and the factors that might underlie this variation are unknown.
Results: To address these questions, we identified more than 10,000 members of the OR family in 23 mammals and classified them into 830 orthologous gene groups (OGGs). There were significant differences in the numbers of both OR repertoires and OGGs among different species. We found that all marine mammals had less OR genes than their related terrestrial lineages, with the least OR genes in cetaceans; this result may be closely related to olfactory degradation. ORs with more gene duplications or loss events tended to be under weaker purifying selection. The average gain and loss rates of OR genes in terrestrial mammals were higher than those of mammalian gene families, while the average gain and loss rates of OR genes in marine mammals were significantly lower and much higher, respectively, than those of mammalian gene families. Additionally, we failed to detect any one-to-one orthologous gene in the focal species, suggesting that OR genes are not well conserved among marine mammals.
Conclusions: Marine mammals have experienced large numbers of OR genes compared with their related terrestrial lineages, which may result from the weaker purifying selection. Due to their independent degeneration, OR genes present in each lineage are not well conserved among marine mammals. Our study provides a basis for future research on the olfactory receptor function in mammals from the perspective of evolutionary trajectories.
Spatial Variation in the Relationship between Leptospirosis Incidence and Climate Determinants in Sarawak (Malaysia)
Authors: Kira Rosdi , Bilung Lesley Maurice , Ngui Romano , Apun Kasing , Suut Lela 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by spirochete bacteria in the genus Leptospira, and it has become a significant public health challenge in Malaysia. Environmental survival and persistence of this pathogen are highly dependent on environmental conditions such as moisture content, pH and temperature. These conditions are further adapted by the natural climate system including precipitation and humidity which is highly heterogeneous at a geographical scale. This paper described the spatial and temporal distribution of leptospirosis incidence with climate factors using Geographical Information System and stratified the climate factors based on their association with the disease incidence rate.

Methods

Leptospirosis surveillance data from 2012-2016 were integrated into this study along with seven geo-spatial climate variables for the state of Sarawak, Malaysia. High and low clustering of incidence rate was explored by Getis Ord Gi* statistics. Geographical Weighted Regression model was utilized to study the relationship between the incidence rate and selected climate variables.

Results

Spatial analysis revealed seven districts in the state of Sarawak as hot spot areas, and six cold spot areas with GiZ score varies between (-3.092 to 3.203). The cumulative incidence rate demonstrated an increasing trend towards the South-East region of Sarawak with an average of 162 cases per 100,000 population. The univariate analysis reported a significant relationship (p<0.05) between leptospirosis incidence rate and temperature seasonality with the lowest AIC value of 31741.4. The results showed that temperature seasonality explained 99% (R2: 0.99) of the spatial variances in incidence rate with 42.31% of the localities showing a significant positive relationship.

Conclusion

The present study highlighted the importance of temperature seasonality as a potential determinant for the spatial distribution of leptospirosis cases with different strength and direction of the association. In conclusion, this suggests that specific interventions at a locality with strong climate determinants should be implemented to combat the burden of leptospirosis.
Herbal medicine (Danggui-Shaoyao-San) and Ear Acupoint Pressing Beans in the treatment of dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis and adenomyosis: a study protocol randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tian Yingzhou , Wu Jiayi , Huang Yanxiong , Liang Xuefang , Cao Lixing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Endometriosis and adenomyosis are two of the most common causes of secondary dysmenorrhea and often lead to a deterioration in the quality of life. Traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture are widely used in the treatment of menstrual pain in clinical practice. Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) and ear acupoint pressing beans may constitute an effective treatment strategy for women with dysmenorrhea due to endometriosis and/or adenomyosis, although evidence is limited.
Methods/design
This randomized, controlled clinical trial aims to recruit patients who suffer from menstrual pain due to endometriosis and/or adenomyosis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DSS and auriculotherapy. Primary outcome measures are Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), dysmenorrhea symptoms and traditional Chinese medicine correlative time points.
Discussion
This pivotal trial will be a standardized, scientific, clinical trial designed to evaluate the use of DSS and auriculotherapy in the treatment of dysmenorrhea due to endometriosis and/or adenomyosis. The trial will also conform to the international standards of clinical trials for the recognition of traditional Chinese medicine.
Trail registration
Chinese Clinical Trail Registry, ID: ChiCTR-IOR-17013829
Registered on 11th December 2017
Keywords: Danggui Shaoyao San; Ear pressing beans; Endometriosis; Adenomyosis; Dysmenorrhea; Randomized controlled trial
The necessity of Ⅱb dissection in T1–T2N0M0 oral squamous cell carcinoma: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Liang , Song Xuefei , Cui Chang , Ma Chunyue , Guo Bing , Qin Xingjun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: There is growing discussion of the relationship between health¬–related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient survival, which has been going on for the last few decades. Clinicians´ greatest wish is to extend the latter while improving the former. After neck dissection of early–stage oral carcinoma, “shoulder syndrome” appears due to traction of the accessory nerve during removal of level Ⅱb, which greatly affects patient quality of life. Since occult metastasis in level Ⅱb of early–stage oral carcinoma is extremely low, some surgeons suggest that level Ⅱb can be exempt from dissection to improve HRQoL. However, other surgeons take the opposite view, and thus there is no consensus on the necessity of Ⅱb dissection in T1–2N0M0 oral squamous¬ cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Methods: We designed a parallel–group, randomized, non–inferiority trial that is supported by Shanghai Ninth People´s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. We will enroll 522 patients of early oral carcinoma who match the inclusion criteria, and compare differences in 3–year overall survival, progression–free survival (PFS) and in HRQoL under different interventions (retention or dissection of level Ⅱb) between two groups. The primary end points will be tested by means of two-sided log-rank tests. Analysis of overall and progression–free survival will be performed in subgroups that were defined according to stratification factors with the use of univariate Cox analysis. In addition, we will use post hoc subgroup analyses on the basis of histological factors that were known to have effects on survival, such as death of invasion of the primary tumor. To evaluate HRQoL, we will choose the Constant–Murley scale to measure shoulder function.
Discussion: Currently, there are no RCTs with large sample sizes on the necessity of IIb dissection in T1–T2N0M0 OSCC. We designed this reasonable non–inferiority RCT that combines survival rate and HRQoL to assess the feasibility of IIb neck dissection. The result of this trial may guide clinical practice and change the criteria of how early–stage oral cancer is managed. The balance between survival and HRQoL in this trial is based on early-stage breast cancer treatment and may provide new ideas for other malignancies.
Oral Health Impact Profile in Orthodontic patient with Ectopic canine: A prospective clinical intervention of four treatment modalities
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objective

To evaluate oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Saudi subjects with ectopic canine, severe crowding and Class I normal occlusion and to assess the differences among different orthodontic treatment modalities [OTM] for baseline, 1-day and 28-day after fixed orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods

The study sample comprised 32 subjects with ectopic canine who were attending orthodontic clinics at the college of Dentistry. Subjects were equally grouped in to 4 based on OTM. Each participant was assessed for OHRQoL using the Oral Health Impact Profile, English version (OHIP-16). Initial comparison of baseline data of ectopic canine subjects was done with severe crowding (>8mm) and Class I normal occlusion with the matched number and aged subjects in later groups. Also, comparison of OHIP-16 scores among 4 OTM, baseline, 1-day and 28-day after treatment were done.

Results

OHIP-16 scores of ectopic canine, severe crowding and Class I normal occlusion group was 33.06, 33.09 and 26.43 respectively. Subjects with ectopic canine and severe crowding reported a significantly greater negative impact on the embarrassment, avoid smiling and lack of self-confidence however, overall OHRQoL score was insignificant. OHRQoL (total OHIP-16 score and score for each domain) have no significant changes among 4 OTM group (P >0.05). Significant dissimilarities in OHIP-16 scores were apparent with respect to treatment time.

Conclusion

Untreated malocclusion has a significant negative impact on OHRQoL. The greatest negative impact was seen in the several domain 1-day after treatment however, gradual improvement noted 28-day after treatment irrespective of 4 different OTM.
Resistance and tolerance reactions of winter wheat lines to Heterodera filipjevi in Turkey
Authors: Dababat Abdelfattah A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nematodes attack cereal crops resulting in significant yield losses, estimated at 10%. The plant parasitic nematodes of the genus Heterodera attack cereals, particularly wheat, causing costly financial losses due to impact on yield. The soil borne pathogens program at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Turkey has focused on screening wheat germplasm to identify sources of Heterodera resistant varieties for almost 20 years. The aim of this current study was to validate the finding that resistant lines demonstrate resistant reactions under controlled conditions and to test whether they present tolerant reactions when challenged with cyst nematodes under two different locations in field conditions. The results of this study, including the check lines, indicated that 27 and 28 lines maintained their reactions to H. filipjevi in Eskisehir and Yozgat field, respectively, and 23 lines were the same in both locations. In terms of tolerance, 3 and 13 lines proven to be tolerant and moderately tolerant to H. filipjevi in Yozgat field. In Eskisehir field, 13 and 14 lines were tolerant and moderately tolerant. In both locations, L7 showed tolerance reaction, although it was susceptible. The majority of the resistant germplasm (60%, 14 lines) of screened lines from the Turkey CIMMYT–ICARDA (TCI) nursery were found to be resistant to both H. filipjevi populations including L1, L3, L6, L15, L21, L26, and L34, whereas 17% (four lines) from the USA had the same reaction. L32 showed a high level of resistance and tolerance in both locations and could prove to be promising lines in the breeding programs. The International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP) formerly used these resistant lines in the crossing block and subsequently distributed them to more than 150 international collaborators. Regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between yield and RF of H. filipjevi in both nematode populations, which describes the negative impact of this pest on winter wheat. The results of this study are very important for breeding programs especially for the IWWIP, a joint program between the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, CIMMYT, and the International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).