bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring young women’s perspectives of a targeted support programme for teenage parents
Authors: McGeechan Grant James , Baldwin Michelle , Allan Keith , O’Neill Gillian , Newbury-Birch Dorothy 
Published: July 2018

ContextTeenage parents and their children are at risk of poorer outcomes than older mothers, and their peers.ObjectiveEvaluate participants' experiences of a targeted teenage parent support programme.DesignA qualitative study was conducted to gain feedback from participants of a locally commissioned teenage parent support programme. Four focus groups were held with participants attending the programme in different areas of the county, and analysed using applied thematic analysis.ParticipantsTeenage mothers aged 16–19 years from vulnerable backgrounds (n=18) attending a teenage parent support programme in County Durham.ResultsTwo major themes emerged from the analysis focusing on factors influencing enrolment and continued engagement and how the programme leads to personal development for mother and child.The majority of participants felt that the group fostered a supportive environment and led to a reduction in social isolation. The provision of free transport and childcare onsite was seen as a key component of the service without which many would not have been able to attend.DiscussionThe programme appeared effective at increasing the emotional and social capabilities of teenage mothers. It had a positive impact on parents’ engagement in education and employment, as well as impacting on children’s social development.ConclusionsTargeted support programmes have the ability to increase social and emotional capabilities of teenage mothers and their children. They can increase engagement in education and employment for teenage mothers. The provision of transport and free child care places can enhance engagement in such programmes.
Twenty years of management of care in Chile: what we know, what we do not know, what is yet to come. An analysis of arguments
Authors: Ayala Ricardo A 
Published: July 2018

For over 20 years, the notion of ‘management of care’ has been foregrounded as key in the jurisdiction of the nursing profession, with the aim of detaching itself from the wider medical umbrella. A number of voices have advocated such centrality. These include juridical, academic and occupational perspectives. Critical stances, although peripheral, have also been voiced. These have been received, at best, with a ‘polite silence’ in mainstream circles.By looking at the arguments surrounding the ‘management of care’ circulated in these two decades, this article reports the various forms of discursive practice that participate in the political process of autonomy building. Particularly, we focus on the validity of the arguments as well as the cohesionacrossarguments within the knowledge system. In doing so, we evaluate its main premises and foundations, the reach of the conceptualisation and its disjointed, differing and incomplete bases. Similarly, we used an inferential technique for the reconstruction of omitted and unexpressed assertions.The article introduces an approach of the humanities that is seldom seen in healthcare. It also proposes a research agenda in regard to management of care for the upcoming decades.
It’s like another world: the perceived beneficial effects of an artistically designed multisensory environment
Authors: Cavanagh Bliss , Haracz Kirsti , Lawry Miranda , James Carole 
Published: July 2018

Self-management strategies have been identified as having a key role in supporting mental health and preventing mental illness. Evidence suggests that spending time in nature, experiencing or viewing artwork and accessing sensory rooms all support self-management and positive mental health among varied clinical populations. This evidence informed the design of the sensory–art space (SAS), an artistically designed multisensory environment, which drew on themes and images of nature.The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceived benefits of the SAS among members of a university community.A maximum variation approach to sampling was used, and 18 participants were included in this qualitative study. Data were gathered via semi-structured interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis.The findings presented six themes. The two core themes were:it’s like another world, andeasy to focusand describe how the SAS produced the beneficial effects described in the four remaining themes of:emotionally nutritious,meditative effects,relaxationandtherapeutic.Participants identified beneficial effects of the SAS that were consistent with the evidence for other self-management strategies. The identified benefits also aligned with existing theories suggesting that the SAS functioned as a restorative environment. This study is the first to explore the experience of art in a multisensory and multidimensional capacity, which further contributes to the growing field of receptive engagement with the arts for health outcomes.
Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Signaling Regulates Macrophage Proliferation and Activation
Authors: Hartley Genevieve P. , Chow Lyndah , Ammons Dylan T. , Wheat William H. , Dow Steven W. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and contribute to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Although the role of the PD-L1 and PD-1 interaction to regulate T-cell suppression is established, less is known about PD-L1 signaling in macrophages and how these signals may affect the function of TAMs. We used in vitro and in vivo models to investigate PD-L1 signaling in macrophages and the effects of PD-L1 antibody treatment on TAM responses. Treatment of mouse and human macrophages with PD-L1 antibodies increased spontaneous macrophage proliferation, survival, and activation (costimulatory molecule expression, cytokine production). Similar changes were observed in macrophages incubated with soluble CD80 and soluble PD-1, and in PD-L1−/− macrophages. Macrophage treatment with PD-L1 antibodies upregulated mTOR pathway activity, and RNAseq analysis revealed upregulation of multiple macrophage inflammatory pathways. In vivo, treatment with PD-L1 antibody resulted in increased tumor infiltration with activated macrophages. In tumor-bearing RAG−/− mice, upregulated costimulatory molecule expression by TAMs and reduced tumor growth were observed. Combined PD-1/ PD-L1 antibody treatment of animals with established B16 melanomas cured half of the treated mice, whereas treatment with single antibodies had little therapeutic effect. These findings indicate that PD-L1 delivers a constitutive negative signal to macrophages, resulting in an immune-suppressive cell phenotype. Treatment with PD-L1 antibodies reverses this phenotype and triggers macrophage-mediated antitumor activity, suggesting a distinct effect of PD-L1, but not PD-1, antibody treatment. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(10); 1260–73. ©2018 AACR.
O movimento Queer Rap no Brasil e a descentralidade da identidade em “Aceite-C”, de Rico Dalasam
Authors: Eddine Eder Ahmad Charaf 
Published: July 2018

O Queer Rap (Rap Gay) é um movimento musical que chegou ao Brasil na metade da década de 2010 e tem como expoente o músico Rico Dalasam, com o lançamento da música “Aceite-C”, em 2015. A partir dessa letra e de matérias jornalísticas publicadas sobre o cantor, o presente artigo introduz e analisa o movimento à luz da concepção de descentralidade da identidade. Para tanto, inicialmente, teoriza sobre o rap como manifestação cultural e artística e descreve o Queer Rap a partir de rappers assumidamente gays. Diante desse artista e de sua peça musical, conclui-se que há variados jogos de identidades no movimento rap e que o Queer Rap busca o enfrentamento do racismo e da homofobia por meio da música e da dança. Muitos desses artistas são gays, negros e pobres e, dentro da política da diferença, esses marcadores fundamentam suas diversas formas de identidade e produções artísticas.
Bioética e cultivares - estudo comparativo entre o projeto de Lei n. 827/2015 e a Lei de Proteção de Cultivares
Authors: BONFIM Isabela , GOMES Pedro , HAIDAR Christiane , GARRAFA Volnei 
Published: July 2018

Sob o enfoque da bioética de intervenção, norteada pela Declaracao Universal sobre Bioetica e Direitos Humanos da Unesco, o presente artigo busca verificar se as alterações propostas à Lei de Proteção de Cultivares (Lei n. 9456/1997) e o conteúdo do Projeto de Lei n. 827/2015, em tramitação na Câmara dos Deputados, garantem a segurança alimentar da população brasileira, incluindo a proteção às formas tradicionais de plantio desenvolvidas pelos pequenos agricultores e pelas comunidades tradicionais. O texto desenvolve uma análise comparativa entre o projeto de lei ora em tramitação e a própria Lei. Com base na fundamentação teórica da bioética da intervenção, o estudo procura demonstrar que, caso aprovado, o PL n. 827/2015 poderá restringir as práticas tradicionais desenvolvidas pelos pequenos produtores e pelas comunidades tradicionais, que são a base da manutenção da diversidade agrícola e da própria proteção ambiental. Por meio de redefinições na legislação de cultivares, as mudanças propostas aumentam a restrição ao acesso à variabilidade de cultivares, podendo incidir negativamente na segurança alimentar da população, especialmente das comunidades tradicionais e de pequenos grupos populacionais, que constituem a camada mais vulnerável da sociedade brasileira.
Import Competition and Internal Migration
Authors: Greenland Andrew , Lopresti John , McHenry Peter 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We examine the U.S. internal migration response to increased import competition following the granting of Permanent Normal Trade Relations to China in 2001. Using a variety of data sets and empirical approaches, we find that local labor markets most exposed to the policy change experienced a relative reduction in population growth over the following decade. The majority of the effect occurs at a lag of seven to ten years and is most pronounced among young individuals and low-education groups. Such population adjustments should influence the interpretation of evidence in the growing literature on import competition and local labor markets.
How the Reformulation of OxyContin Ignited the Heroin Epidemic
Authors: Evans William N. , Lieber Ethan M. J. , Power Patrick 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We attribute the recent quadrupling of heroin death rates to the August 2010 reformulation of an oft-abused prescription opioid, OxyContin. The new abuse-deterrent formulation led many consumers to substitute an inexpensive alternative, heroin. Using structural break techniques and variation in substitution risk, we find that opioid consumption stops rising in August 2010, heroin deaths begin climbing the following month, and growth in heroin deaths was greater in areas with greater prereformulation access to heroin and opioids. The reformulation did not generate a reduction in combined heroin and opioid mortality: each prevented opioid death was replaced with a heroin death.
The Impact of Sensor Response and Airspeed on the Representation of the Convective Boundary Layer and Airmass Boundaries by Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Authors: Houston Adam L. , Keeler Jason M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objective of the research presented is to assess the impact of sensor response and aircraft airspeed on the accuracy of in situ observations collected by small unmanned aircraft systems profiling the convective boundary layer or transecting airmass boundaries. Estimates are made using simulated aircraft flown within large-eddy simulations. Both instantaneous errors (differences between observed temperature, which include the effects of sensor response and airspeed, and actual temperature) and errors in representation (differences between serial observations and representative snapshots of the atmospheric state) are considered. Synthetic data are retrieved assuming a well-aspirated first-order sensor mounted on rotary-wing aircraft operated as profilers in a simulated CBL and fixed-wing aircraft operated through transects across a simulated airmass boundary. Instantaneous errors are found to scale directly with sensor response time and airspeed for both CBL and airmass boundary experiments. Maximum errors tend to be larger for airmass boundary transects compared to the CBL profiles. Instantaneous errors for rotary-wing aircraft profiles in the CBL simulated for this work are attributable to the background lapse rate and not to turbulent temperature perturbations. For airmass boundary flights, representation accuracy is found to degrade with decreasing airspeed. This signal is most pronounced for flights that encounter the density current wake. When representation errors also include instantaneous errors resulting from sensor response, instantaneous errors are found to be dominant for flights that remain below the turbulent wake. However, for flights that encounter the wake, sensor response times generally need to exceed ~5 s before instantaneous errors become larger than errors in representation.
A Generalized Navigation Correction Method for Airborne Doppler Radar Data
Authors: Cai Huaqing , Lee Wen-Chau , Bell Michael M. , Wolff Cory A. , Tang Xiaowen , Roux Frank 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUncertainties in aircraft inertial navigation system and radar-pointing angles can have a large impact on the accuracy of airborne dual-Doppler analyses. The Testud et al. (THL) method has been routinely applied to data collected by airborne tail Doppler radars over flat and nonmoving terrain. The navigation correction method proposed in Georgis et al. (GRH) extended the THL method over complex terrain and moving ocean surfaces by using a variational formulation but its capability over ocean has yet to be tested. Recognizing the limitations of the THL method, Bosart et al. (BLW) proposed to derive ground speed, tilt, and drift errors by statistically comparing aircraft in situ wind with dual-Doppler wind at the flight level. When combined with the THL method, the BLW method can retrieve all navigation errors accurately; however, it can be applied only to flat surfaces, and it is rather difficult to automate. This paper presents a generalized navigation correction method (GNCM) based on the GRH method that will serve as a single algorithm for airborne tail Doppler radar navigation correction for all possible surface conditions. The GNCM includes all possible corrections in the cost function and implements a new closure assumption by taking advantage of an accurate aircraft ground speed derived from GPS technology. The GNCM is tested extensively using synthetic airborne Doppler radar data with known navigation errors and published datasets from previous field campaigns. Both tests show the GNCM is able to correct the navigation errors associated with airborne tail Doppler radar data with adequate accuracy.
Music and refugees’ wellbeing in contexts of protracted displacement
Authors: Millar Oscar , Warwick Ian 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the relationship between music practice and the wellbeing of young refugees, by examining the perspectives of Yazidi music participants aged 11–18. Design: Focused exploratory case study design, informed by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion which provided the conceptual framework for the research. Setting: A camp in northern Greece, where people from Iraq and Syria had been living for up to a year. Method: Data were collected over a 5-week period through participant observation of individual music lessons and group music workshops involving between 3–12 participants. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of six participants (three boys and three girls) aged 11–18. Results: Findings indicate that activities involving music practice can impact positively on young people’s wellbeing, enabling the development of emotional expression, improved social relations, self-knowledge and positive self-identification, and a sense of agency. Conclusion: The positive impacts of music practice noted here suggest it has the potential to be a promising health promotion approach for young refugees, by helping to develop supportive environments, through which community action can be strengthened and personal skills developed.
Time-Interval Emphasis in an Aeronautical Dual-Task Context: A Countermeasure to Task Absorption
Authors: Froger Grégory , Blättler Colin , Dubois Emilien , Camachon Cyril , Bonnardel Nathalie 
Published: July 2018

Objective: We tested a training method intended to prevent unsafe aeronautical behavior (i.e., too much time spent gazing inside the cockpit) induced by the modern cockpit, by teaching individuals to perform a task complementing the see-and-avoid mandatory safety task within a limited time interval. Background: Aeronautical activities led crews to perform several tasks simultaneously in an ergonomic environment under constant change. See and avoid remains one of the main safety tasks during visual flight. However, modern cockpits induce absorption and impair performance of this safety task. Many laboratory studies showed the relevance of training methods for managing dual-task situations and estimating time intervals. Method: A specific virtual environment was developed to expose participants to a dual-task situation in which time-interval emphasis was provided in real time. Two types of emphasis training were tested: a permissive one that allowed participants to pursue the inside-cockpit task beyond the time limit and a nonpermissive one that did not. Results: The best time-interval acquisition, with retention up to 24 hr later, was observed in the nonpermissive condition, but task performances immediately after the training sessions were equivalent across conditions. Conclusion: Time-emphasis training appears to be an efficient means of promoting absorption resistance while preserving task performance. Transferability of time-interval estimation skills has yet to be tested. Application: Most areas of application for absorption resistance (aviation, shipping, rail, road, etc.) could benefit from this type of training to manage multitask situations.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Spherical Aggregated Human Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured for Osteochondral Defects of Rabbit Knee Joints
Authors: Lee Byung Hoon , Park Jong Nam , Lee Eun Ju , Moon Young Wan , Wang Joon Ho 
Published: July 2018

Background: Engraftment and longevity of transplanted cells are crucial for stem cell–based cartilage treatment. Purpose: To determine whether cultured spherical cell masses of human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) could improve engraftment at defect sites and to examine their corresponding effects on osteochondral regeneration. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A cylindrical osteochondral defect (5 mm wide × 5 mm deep) was created in trochlear grooves of rabbit knees. The single-cell type of hBM-MSCs with fibrin glue, the spherical type of hBM-MSCs with fibrin glue, and cell-free fibrin glue (control) were each implanted into osteochondral defect sites. A total of 18 rabbit knees were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups (3 rabbits per group). Animals were sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation. Repaired tissues were evaluated via gross examination, histologic examination, and immunofluorescence analysis. Results: Transplantation with spherical hBM-MSCs exhibited superior overall osteochondral restoration when compared with the single-type group, as evidenced by well-ordered mature collagen fibrils produced during subchondral bone formation in the zonation phenomenon. Immunofluorescence analysis of osteochondral defect areas with human-specific antigen revealed a larger number of mesenchymal stem cells in the spherical-type group than the single cell–type group. Conclusion: Transplantation of spherical hBM-MSCs was better than single cells from monolayer culture in improving osteochondral regeneration. Clinical Relevance: The findings demonstrate a simple strategy for enhancing the potency of stem cells required for restoration of osteochondral defects. Furthermore, this strategy may be implemented with other types of stem/progenitor cell–based therapies.
“I Can’t Crack the Code”: What Suicide Notes Teach Us about Experiences with Mental Illness and Mental Health Care
Authors: Furqan Zainab , Sinyor Mark , Schaffer Ayal , Kurdyak Paul , Zaheer Juveria 
Published: July 2018

Objective: While mental illness is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour and many suicide decedents receive mental health care prior to death, there is a comparative lack of research that explores their experiences of mental illness and care. Suicide notes offer unique insight into these subjective experiences. Our study explores the following questions: “How are mental illness and mental health care experienced by suicide decedents who leave suicide notes?” and “What role do these experiences play in their paths to suicide?” Method: We used a constructivist grounded theory framework to select a focus of qualitative analysis and engage in line-by-line open coding, axial coding, and theorizing of the data. Our sample is a set of 36 suicide notes that explicitly make mention of mental illness and/or mental health care, purposefully selected from a larger sample of 252 notes. Results: The primary themes from our sample were 1) negotiating personal agency in the context of mental illness, 2) conflict between self and illness, and 3) experiences of mental health treatment leading to hopelessness and self-blame. These experiences with mental illness and mental health care can give rise to exhaustion and a desire to exercise personal agency, contributing to suicidal behaviour. Conclusions and Relevance: This study highlights unique perspectives by suicide decedents, whose voices and experiences may not have been heard otherwise, addressing a critical deficit in existing literature. These insights can potentially enrich clinical care or strengthen existing suicide prevention programs.
Pharmacist–Patient Communication in Prostate Cancer as a Strategy to Humanize Health Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Scarabelin Aline , Santana Dosea Aline , Aguiar Patricia Melo , Storpirtis Sílvia 
Published: July 2018

Background: Pharmacists require effective communication skills to enhance involvement in patient care. Nevertheless, there are few qualitative studies exploring “how” pharmacist–patient communication occurs and none targets patients with cancer. Objective: To describe the perceptions of outpatients with prostate cancer regarding the communication process during clinical pharmacy service in a community pharmacy. Methods: A qualitative study was performed from semistructured interviews with 10 patients. These interviews were audiotape-recorded and transcribed comprehensively, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The validation of the categories and registration units was made by 2 independent authors and reviewed by a third author. Results: Three categories were established from the content analysis (general perceptions of the pharmacist–patient communication, potentialities of effective communication, and points for improvement). Communication is a complex process and involves, in addition to information exchange, the sharing of thoughts, desires, and fears. Our findings hold that effective communication skills by pharmacist can help patients validate their concerns, develop a trusting patient–pharmacist relationship, address drug therapy problems, and lead to better health outcomes. Conclusion: Pharmacist–patient communication is an important strategy for humanized practice. This allows the pharmacist to see beyond an individual with health problems to a human being with particularized needs.