bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the use of the GRACE normal equation of inter-satellite tracking data for estimation of soil moisture and groundwater in Australia
Authors: Tangdamrongsub Natthachet , Han Shin-Chan , Decker Mark , Yeo In-Young , Kim Hyungjun 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. An accurate estimation of soil moisture and groundwater is essential for
monitoring the availability of water supply in domestic and agricultural
sectors. In order to improve the water storage estimates, previous studies
assimilated terrestrial water storage variation (ΔTWS) derived from
the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) into land surface models (LSMs).
However, the GRACE-derived ΔTWS was generally computed from the
high-level products (e.g. time-variable gravity fields, i.e. level 2, and land
grid from the level 3 product). The gridded data products are subjected to
several drawbacks such as signal attenuation and/or distortion caused by
a posteriori filters
and a lack of error covariance information. The
post-processing of GRACE data might lead to the undesired alteration of the
signal and its statistical property. This study uses the GRACE least-squares
normal equation data to exploit the GRACE information rigorously and negate
these limitations. Our approach combines GRACE's least-squares normal
equation (obtained from ITSG-Grace2016 product) with the results from the
Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) model to improve soil moisture and
groundwater estimates. This study demonstrates, for the first time, an
importance of using the GRACE raw data. The GRACE-combined (GC) approach is
developed for optimal least-squares combination and the approach is applied
to estimate the soil moisture and groundwater over 10 Australian river
basins. The results are validated against the satellite soil moisture
observation and the in situ groundwater data. Comparing to CABLE, we
demonstrate the GC approach delivers evident improvement of water storage
estimates, consistently from all basins, yielding better agreement on
seasonal and inter-annual timescales. Significant improvement is found in
groundwater storage while marginal improvement is observed in surface soil
moisture estimates.
Relative effects of statistical preprocessing and postprocessing on a regional hydrological ensemble prediction system
Authors: Sharma Sanjib , Siddique Ridwan , Reed Seann , Ahnert Peter , Mendoza Pablo , Mejia Alfonso 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The relative roles of statistical weather preprocessing and
streamflow postprocessing in hydrological ensemble forecasting at short- to
medium-range forecast lead times (day 1–7) are investigated. For this
purpose, a regional hydrologic ensemble prediction system (RHEPS) is
developed and implemented. The RHEPS is comprised of the following
components: (i) hydrometeorological observations (multisensor precipitation
estimates, gridded surface temperature, and gauged streamflow); (ii) weather
ensemble forecasts (precipitation and near-surface temperature) from the
National Centers for Environmental Prediction 11-member Global Ensemble
Forecast System Reforecast version 2 (GEFSRv2); (iii) NOAA's Hydrology
Laboratory-Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM); (iv) heteroscedastic
censored logistic regression (HCLR) as the statistical
preprocessor; (v) two statistical postprocessors, an autoregressive model
with a single exogenous variable (ARX(1,1)) and quantile regression (QR);
and (vi) a comprehensive verification strategy. To implement the RHEPS, 1 to
7 days weather forecasts from the GEFSRv2 are used to force HL-RDHM and
generate raw ensemble streamflow forecasts. Forecasting experiments are
conducted in four nested basins in the US Middle Atlantic region, ranging
in size from 381 to 12 362 km2. Results show that the HCLR preprocessed ensemble precipitation forecasts
have greater skill than the raw forecasts. These improvements are more
noticeable in the warm season at the longer lead times (> 3 days). Both
postprocessors, ARX(1,1) and QR, show gains in skill relative to
the raw ensemble streamflow forecasts, particularly in the cool season, but
QR outperforms ARX(1,1). The scenarios that implement preprocessing and
postprocessing separately tend to perform similarly, although the
postprocessing-alone scenario is often more effective. The scenario
involving both preprocessing and postprocessing consistently outperforms the
other scenarios. In some cases, however, the differences between this
scenario and the scenario with postprocessing alone are not as significant.
We conclude that implementing both preprocessing and postprocessing ensures
the most skill improvements, but postprocessing alone can often be a
competitive alternative.
FUNCTIONALIZATION OF EPDM RUBBER TOWARD BETTER SILICA DISPERSION AND REINFORCEMENT
Authors: Bansod Naresh D. , Kapgate Bharat P. , Maji Pradip K. , Bandyopadhyay Anasuya , Das Chayan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTFunctionalization of non-polar ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber by melt grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) and in situ incorporation of sol–gel derived silica in the MA grafted EPDM has been done to prepare EPDM/silica composites to use dual benefits of both the approaches, which results in adequate rubber–filler compatibility, good filler dispersion, and enhanced composite properties. Controlled growth of silica up to 25 parts per hundred rubber (phr) is carried out with the solution sol–gel process using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a silica precursor. Mechanical and dynamical properties of the composites are found to improve consistently as silica content increases. Furthermore, treatment of maleic anhydride grafted EPDM by γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-APS) results in remarkable improvement in composite properties even at the same silica content. This is attributed to the generation of uniformly dispersed spherically shaped nanosilica throughout the rubber matrix as observed in a transmission electron microscopic (TEM) study. This contributes to enhanced crosslinking density and improved rubber–filler interaction. In fact, the reinforcement effect brought by in situ silica relative to unmodified in situ silica/EPDM composites is found to be much higher than that reported in recent work on EPDM/in situ silica composites even with higher silica loading. The mechanical, rheological, and dynamic mechanical behaviors of all the composites are evaluated and compared in detail.
MODELAGEM GEOESTATÍSTICA DA ESTRUTURA ESPACIAL ARBÓREA E DOS ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO EM FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA
Authors: Roveda Marcelo , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Pelissari Allan Libanio , Genú Aline Marques , Roik Mailson 
Published: March 2018

Considerando a hipótese de que a geoestatística possibilita aprimorar o entendimento da variabilidade espacial das formações florestais naturais e de suas características edáficas, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as relações espaciais, por meio da geoestatística, entre os atributos químicos e granulométricos do solo sobre o número de árvores e a área basal de um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista. O levantamento dos atributos do solo e da vegetação foram realizados em 200 unidades de amostra georreferenciadas de 25 m x 25 m. Em seguida, a geoestatística foi utilizada para modelar a continuidade espacial e a krigagem ordinária pontual foi aplicada para gerar os mapas temáticos. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, confirmou-se que a continuidade espacial dos atributos do solo, número de árvores e área basal são passíveis de ser modelada, ao passo que não foi observado similaridade espacial nos mapas de krigagem. Entretanto, ficou evidente que, entre as variáveis edáficas consideradas, o pH possui a maior relação espacial com as variáveis da floresta.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO ENERGÉTICA DA MADEIRA DE TRÊS MATERIAIS GENÉTICOS DE Eucalyptus sp.
Authors: Bersch Aline Patrícia , Brun Eleandro José , Pereira Flávia Alves , Silva Dimas Agostinho , De Barba Yan Rafael , Dorini Junior Jeferson Ricardo 
Published: March 2018

Entre as características da madeira mais indicadas para geração de energia, estão: a massa específica, o poder calorífico e o teor de carbono fixo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização energética da madeira de três materiais genéticos de Eucalyptus sp.: clones H-13 e GFMO-27 e o híbrido E. pellita x E. tereticornis, plantados em área experimental em Dois Vizinhos, sudoeste do Paraná. Esses materiais foram escolhidos por se destacarem em incremento médio anual em volume aos cinco anos de idade entre quatorze materiais genéticos plantados em uma mesma área. Três árvores de cada um dos materiais genéticos foram abatidas e três discos de madeira de cada árvore foram retirados a 0%, 50% e 100% da altura comercial. Esses discos foram descascados e pesados. Posteriormente, determinou-se a massa específica básica (NBR 11941:2003), o poder calorífico (NBR 8633:1984), a análise química imediata (MB 15) e a energia disponível na biomassa. Os dados foram analisados através de análise de variância e teste de Tukey. Os valores de massa específica básica e teor de cinzas não apresentaram diferença estatística entre os materiais. O valor de massa específica ficou entre 0,49 e 0,55 g/cm³ e o teor de cinzas entre 0,57 e 0,60%. O clone H-13 apresentou o maior valor de materiais voláteis entre os três materiais genéticos e, consequentemente, o menor valor de carbono fixo. O clone GFMO-27 apresentou maior valor médio de poder calorífico. Contudo, os valores de estimativa de energia disponível na madeira não apresentaram diferença estatística entre os materiais genéticos.
New Chummidae (Araneae): quadrupling the size of the clade
Authors: Jocqué Rudy , Alderweireldt Mark 
Published: March 2018

The recently described family Chummidae, now the sister clade of Macrobuninae, so far only known from two South African species, is extended with seven new species, six from the southern part of South Africa and one from Lesotho: Chumma bicolor sp. nov. (♀), C. foliata sp. nov. (♂♀), C. interfluvialis sp. nov. (♂♀), C. lesotho sp. nov. (♀), C. striata sp. nov. (♂♀), C. subridens sp. nov. (♂♀) and C. tsitsikamma sp. nov. ♂. A key to the species is provided. Although Chumma is part of a clade containing the Macrobuninae, it is argued that the family name Chummidae should remain valid.
SUSTAINABILITY: HOW ENERGY SERVICE COMPANIES (ESCO) CONTRIBUTE?
Authors: MORCILLO BELLIDO JESUS , PRIDA ROMERO BERNARDO , MARTINEZ BELOTTO JAVIER 
Published: March 2018

Sustainability is currently a common term used more and more frequently in the academic literature and in the public communications of companies. This is an indicative that suggests that more and more sustainability is understood as a challenge that involves not only environmental aspects, but also as an integrative concept including economic, environmental and social aspects that should be a key pillar of the most highly innovative and advanced companies in the twenty first century. This study has been developed over several years, collecting detailed information on more than two hundreds different ESCO projects (Energy Service Company) in Spain, developed during five years (2010 to 2014). The aim of this research is related to obtaining a better understanding of an issue that is a concern: to what extend these projects that are seeking the efficient reduction of energy from collaboration between companies, could contribute to the integrated vision of sustainability, as a platform for the integration of economic and environmental.

Keywords: Sustainability, energy service projects, ESCO organizations.	RESUMEN:
Sostenibilidad es actualmente un término común empleado cada vez con mayor frecuencia en la literatura académica y en las comunicaciones públicas de las empresas. Esto es indicativo que hace pensar que cada vez más se entiende la sostenibilidad como un desafío que involucra no sólo aspectos ambientales, sino también como un concepto integrador que incluye aspectos económicos, ambientales y sociales que deberían ser un pilar clave de las empresas más innovadoras y avanzadas del siglo XXI. Este trabajo se ha desarrollado a lo largo de varios años, recogiendo información detallada sobre más de doscientos proyectos ESCO diferentes (Empresa de Servicios Energéticos) en España, desarrollados durante cinco años (2010 a 2014). El objetivo de esta investigación está relacionado con una mejor comprensión de un tema que preocupa: en qué medida estos proyectos, que buscan la reducción eficiente de la energía de la colaboración entre empresas, contribuyen o no a la visión integrada de sostenibilidad, como plataforma para la integración de los resultados económicos y ambientales.

Palabras clave: Sostenibilidad, proyectos de servicios energéticos, organizaciones ESE
Characterization of a new genotype of Betapapillomavirus HPV 17 through L1, E7, E7 and LCR sequences
Authors: Oliveira Ledy H , Santos Larissa Silva , Neves Felipe P G 
Published: March 2018

Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) exhibits epithelial and mucosal tropism. HPV type 17 belongs to the Betapapillomavirus genus and molecular cloning experiments have identified two subtypes (17a and 17b) isolated from epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). HPV subtypes are characterized by dissimilarities from 2 to 10% at the nucleotide level from their referenced HPV. The aim of this study was to characterize the L1, E6, E7 and LCR sequences from an isolate from the oral mucosa of an asymptomatic woman.
Methods. The whole late gene 1 (L1) was amplified using several sets of primers. The complete early genes 6 and 7 (E6, E7) and the long control region (LCR) were amplified using specific primers. Potential binding sites for transcriptional factors within the LCR were also investigated.
Results. Within these sets, the DNA sequence was altered at 91 positions (68 in L1, 13 in E6, 8 in E7, and 2 in LCR sequences). L1 analysis showed high dissimilarity compared with the HPV 17 prototype, reaching 4% of nucleotide substitutions and leading to a probability third 17 subtype. The E6 oncoprotein presented the highest modification among the sequences !2 studied, with four amino acid changes in comparison with the prototype isolate. The amino acid was modified at a position 62 (S-T), a zinc-binding domain (CxxC(C)29 CxxC).
Discussion. Our findings provide data on genetic variations seen in this genotype, reaching to dichotomic branching and pointing to an evolutionary process. The oral cavity has a large HPV spectrum and may be implicated in the evolution of this virus, allowing it to adapt to sites other than its original niche, may drive to produce adaptive variants of this genotype
Establishment and quality evaluation of a glioma biobank in Beijing Tiantan Hospital
Authors: Kong Fanhong , Zhang Wenli , Qiao Lin , Li Qi , Li Haowen , Cao Jingli , He Wenyan , Dong Chengya , He Yanjiao , He Lu , Liu Li , Fu Weilun , Liu Lijun , Li Zirui , Wang Yajie 
Published: March 2018

Background
We established a glioma biobank at Beijing Tiantan Hospital in November, 2010. Specialized residents have been trained to collect, store and manage the biobank in accordance with standard operating procedures.

Methods
One hundred samples were selected to evaluate the quality of glioma samples stored in the liquid nitrogen tank during different periods (from 2011 to 2015) by morphological examination, RNA integrity determination, DNA integrity determination and housekeeping gene expression determination.

Results
The majority of samples (95%) had high RNA quality for further analysis with RIN ≥6. Quality of DNA of all samples were stable without significant degradation.

Conclusion
Storage conditions of our biobank are suitable for long-term (at least five years) sample preservation with high molecular quality.
Gender disparities in the association between socio-demographics and non-communicable disease risk factors among adults with disabilities in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhang Youran , Chen Gang , Zhang Qi , Lu Jun , Yu Huijiong 
Published: March 2018

Background
Non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors can co-exist with disability and cause a greater burden on the health status of adults with disabilities. A lack of egalitarian social policies in China may result in gender disparities in the NCD risk factors of adults with disabilities. However, little is known about the gender disparities in the association between socio-demographics and NCD risk factors among adults with disabilities in China; consequently, we examined this association among adults with disabilities in Shanghai, China.

Methods
We used the health examination data of 44,896 adults with disabilities in Shanghai in 2014. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models were conducted to estimate gender disparities in the association between socio-demographics, disability characteristics, and four selected NCD risk factors among adults with disabilities—including high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high blood lipids, and being overweight. We estimated marginal effects (MEs) on NCD risk factors between gender and other confounders.

Results
Women with disabilities were about 11.6 percentage points more likely to suffer from high blood lipids and less likely to develop the other three risk factors than men were. The association of age group, residence permit, education level, marital status, and disability type with health outcomes varied by gender among adults with disabilities. The difference in age effects between men and women was more pronounced in older age groups. Urban residence was associated with less risk of high blood pressure risk among women (ΔME = − 0.035, p < 0.01), but no significant difference in other NCD risk factors. Education remained a major protective factor against high blood pressure, high blood glucose and being overweight among women with disabilities (MEs < 0, p < 0.05); however, this did not hold for men. The difference in marriage effects between men and women was observed in high blood lipids (ΔME = − 0.048 for the married group and −0.054 for the divorced or widowed group) and overweight individuals (ΔME = − 0.091 for the married group and −0.114 for the divorced or widowed group). Women with intellectual disabilities or mental disabilities reported worse health conditions than men did.

Discussion
Preventive strategies and interventions on NCD risk factors for adults with disabilities should take into account gender disparities in these socio-demographic effects. Rural women or poorly educated women with disabilities can be a vulnerable population that requires more health education and promotion strategies. Health education for caregivers of women with intellectual or mental disabilities may also play a vital role in preventing their NCD risk factors.
Incorporation of a Global Surgery Rotation into an Academic General Surgery Residency Program: Impact and Perceptions
Authors: LeCompte Michael Thomas , Goldman Connor , Tarpley John L. , Tarpley Margaret , Hansen Erik N. , Nthumba Peter M. , Terhune Kyla P. , Kauffmann Rondi M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionGlobal surgery is increasingly recognized as a vital component of international public health. Access to basic surgical care is limited in much of the world, resulting in a global burden of treatable disease. To address the lack of surgical workforce in underserved environments and to foster ongoing interest in global health among US‐trained surgeons, our institution established a residency rotation through partnership with an academic hospital in Kijabe, Kenya. This study evaluates the perceptions of residents involved in the rotation, as well as its impact on their future involvement in global health.Materials and methodsA retrospective review of admission applications from residents matriculating at our institution was conducted to determine stated interest in global surgery. These were compared to post‐rotation evaluations and follow‐up surveys to assess interest in global surgery and the effects of the rotation on the practices of the participants.ResultsA total of 78 residents matriculated from 2006 to 2016. Seventeen participated in the rotation with 76% of these reporting high satisfaction with the rotation. Sixty‐five percent had no prior experience providing health care in an international setting. Post‐rotation surveys revealed an increase in global surgery interest among participants. Long‐term interest was demonstrated in 33% (n = 6) who reported ongoing activity in global health in their current practices. Participation in global rotations was also associated with increased interest in domestically underserved populations and affected economic and cost decisions within graduates’ practices.
Flow Cytometry in Pediatric Malignancies
Authors: Handoo Anil , Dadu Tina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe utility of flow cytometry as a useful diagnostic modality for the assessment of hematopoietic neoplasms has been established beyond doubt. In fact, it is now an integral part of the diagnosis and classification of various diseases like leukemias and lymphomas along with molecular studies and cytogenetics. Prognostication and disease monitoring by flow cytometry is also being recognized increasingly as one of the important fortes. This is evident by the number of articles in the published in literature on the minimal residual disease detection by flow cytometry especially in the last decade or so. To add to this, ever growing list of utilities in hematopoietic malignancies, many nonhematopoietic neoplasms can also be analyzed by flow cytometry. The examples include fluid specimens from serous cavity effusions and samples from solid tissues like lymph nodes, reticulo-endothelial tissue, central nervous system tissue, etc. Flow cytometry technique provides a unique blend of rapidity, high sensitivity and specificity compared to cyto-morphology and conventional immunohistochemical staining. It is also remarkable for simultaneous analysis of more than one marker on the cells. Evaluation of limited samples such as cerebrospinal fluid or fine needle aspiration samples makes Flow cytometry a valuable tool. DNA ploidy analysis and assessment of pediatric non-hematopoietic neoplasms by Flow cytometry has envisaged the utility vista of this technique. This review is aimed at providing an insight into the applications of flow cytometry in pediatric malignancies.
Trypanosomiasis in a Young Infant from Rural Gujarat, India
Authors: Bharodiya Dilip , Singhal Tanu , Kasodariya G. S. , Banerjee P. S. , Garg Rajat 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Human trypansomiasis due to infection by animal trypanosomes is rarely reported from India.

Case characteristics
We describe clinical presentation of a 2-month-old boy from a rat infested house in rural Gujarat who was diagnosed to be havinginfection with the rodent parasite Trypanosoma lewisi.

Observation
The fever and parasitemia resolved on treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, Ceftriaxone and Amikacin, and there was no recurrence of parasitemia over a 2 month follow-up.

Message
The case highlights the need for increased awareness and heightened surveillance for this rare zoonotic infection.