bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the serotonin biosynthesis pathway upon aphid infestation in Setaria viridis leaves
Authors: Dangol Anuma , Yaakov Beery , Jander Georg , Strickler Susan R , Tzin Vered 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTSetaria viridis (green foxtail millet), a short life-cycle C4 plant in the Gramineae, serves as a resilient crop that provides good yield even in dry and marginal land. Although S. viridis has been studied extensively in the last decade, its defense responses, in particular the chemical defensive metabolites that protect it against insect herbivory, are unstudied. To characterize S. viridis defense responses, we conducted transcriptomic and metabolomic assays of plants infested with aphids and caterpillars. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated massive transcriptomic changes that involve genes from amino acid biosynthesis and degradation, secondary metabolites and phytohormone biosynthesis. The Trp-derived metabolite serotonin was notably induced by insect feeding. Through comparisons with known rice serotonin biosynthetic genes, we identified several predicted S. viridis Trp decarboxylases and cytochrome P450 genes that were up-regulated in response to insect feeding. The function of one Trp decarboxylase was validated by ectopic expression and detection of tryptamine accumulation in Nicotiana tabacum. To validate the defensive properties of serotonin, we used an artificial diet assay to show reduced Rhopalosiphum padi aphid survival with increasing serotonin concentrations. This demonstrated that serotonin is a defensive metabolite in S. viridis and is fundamental for understanding the adaptation of it to biotic stresses.HIGHLIGHTA combined transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of Setaria viridis leaves response to aphid and caterpillar infestation identifies the genes related to the biosynthesis of serotonin and their function in defense.
Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of a quaternary oxide with a new structure type, BiGaTi4O11
Authors: Yamane Hisanori , Yagi Ryota , Hosono Akira , Masubuchi Yuji 
Published: May 2019

A new quaternary oxide, BiGaTi4O11 (bismuth gallium tetratitanium undecaoxide), was prepared by heating a mixture of the binary oxides at 1373 K in air. BiGaTi4O11 melts at 1487 K and prismatic single crystals were obtained from a sample melted at 1523 K and solidified by furnace cooling. The structure of BiGaTi4O11 was analyzed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction to be of a new type that crystallized in the space group Cmcm. A Bi3+ site is coordinated by nine O2− anions, and three oxygen-coordinated octahedral sites are statistically occupied by Ga3+ and Ti4+ cations. A relative dielectric constant of 46 with a temperature coefficient of 57 ppm K−1 in the temperature range 297–448 K was measured for a polycrystalline ceramic sample at 150 Hz–1 MHz with a dielectric loss tan δ of less than 0.01. Electrical resistivities measured at 1073 K by alternating-current impedance spectroscopic and direct-current methods were 1.16 × 10−4 and 1.14 × 10−4 S cm−1, respectively, which indicates that electrons and/or holes were conduction carriers at high temperature. The optical band gap estimated by the results of diffuse reflectance analysis was 2.9–3.0 eV, while the band gap obtained from the activation energy for electrical conduction was 3.5 eV.
University spaces for entrepreneurship: a process model
Authors: Pittaway Luke , Aissaoui Rachida , Ferrier Michelle , Mass Paul 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore trends in entrepreneurship spaces developed by universities to support entrepreneurship education. It identifies characteristics that make a space conducive to innovation and explains whether current spaces adequately conform to those characteristics. More generally, this paper seeks to clarify what is being built, for which purposes and with what results.

Design/methodology/approach
Given the novelty of this research, the paper uses a multiple-method approach to allow for an iterative examination between theory and data. Multiple data and methods were used, including an action research method, a systematic survey of 57 entrepreneurship spaces at US universities and a thematic and content analyses of interviews carried out with individuals directly involved in the functioning of such spaces.

Findings
The paper presents a prescriptive model aimed at guiding the practitioner in the design of an entrepreneurship space. It identifies five types of entrepreneurship spaces that differentially support entrepreneurial activities and rely on different characteristics. These characteristics are centrally important for innovation and entrepreneurship spaces.

Practical implications
There are a number of practical implications from the work. It identifies key challenges in the design of entrepreneurship spaces and shows which questions to consider in the decision-making process.

Originality/value
The paper advances research on entrepreneurship spaces, an important yet poorly understood phenomenon. It reviews and introduces the literature on how space can support innovation, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial “spirit’” and proposes a typology of entrepreneurship spaces, providing a path toward more robust and comprehensive theory building.
Bribery – an obstacle to international development
Authors: Teichmann Fabian Maximilian Johannes 
Published: May 2019

PurposeBribery continues to significantly inhibit international development. Despite massive efforts to fight corruption, public officials in many developing countries continue to demand bribes. However, multinational corporations face severe sanctions for engaging in bribery. Hence, this paper aims to investigate whether anti-bribery incentives could help to eliminate corruption.Design/methodology/approachThis study takes an innovative approach toward eliminating corruption: it investigates the potential role of anti-bribery incentives through qualitative content analysis of 35 semi-standardized interviews with anti-bribery experts from Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein and Switzerland.FindingsConcrete recommendations for adjustments to incentive systems are provided in an effort to help multinational corporations fight bribery, and thereby, eliminate obstacles to international development.Originality/valueAlthough the empirical findings are based on conditions Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein and Switzerland, the results have potential global application.
Learning from failure: cross-border confiscation in the EU
Authors: Pavlidis Georgios 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to critically examine the strengths and weaknesses of a new European Union (EU) initiative attempting an interesting paradigm shift in the field of cross-border asset freezing and confiscation. The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty and lessons learned from the manifest failure of past EU initiatives (Framework Decisions 2003/577/JHA and 2006/783/JHA) have allowed for such a paradigm shift for the strengthening of mutual recognition of freezing and confiscation orders in the EU.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on reports, legal scholarship and other open source data to examine a legislative innovation for the mutual recognition of freezing and confiscation orders in the EU.FindingsThe EU legislative initiative that will be examined is innovative in nature and goes beyond international norms on cross-border asset freezing and confiscation. The new initiative needs to be integrated into the broader EU framework that targets criminal proceeds, and at the same time, to be anchored to respect for human rights.Originality/valueThis study examines the strengths and weaknesses of an important new EU initiative, its compatibility with human rights standards and its relationship to international standards of cross-border asset freezing and confiscation.
Effects of corruption on military expenditures
Authors: Arif Imtiaz , Khan Lubna , Raza Syed Ali 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of corruption on military expenditures in three income level countries. An annual data series of 97 countries covering high-income, middle-income, and low-income regions from 1997 to 2015 is used.Design/methodology/approachThe cross-sectional dependency and integration property of the data series was checked before applying the generalized method of moments approach to test the model.FindingsThe results of the system generalized method of moments approach suggest that corruption increases the military budget of high-income countries, whereas corruption reduces the military budget of the middle- and low-income countries.Originality/valueThis paper offers some substantial implications for the policymakers of each income group to curb corruption and improve economic development.
Climbing the corporate ladder: desired leadership skills and successful psychopaths
Authors: Hill Dallas , Scott Hannah 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Many of the characteristics embodied by successful psychopaths, such as superficial charm, cool decisiveness and a grandiose self-worth, are often treated synonymously with corporate leadership qualities. Consequently, it is possible that successful psychopaths are actively being selected for corporate positions as they exemplify the perfect candidate. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether or not the recruitment for positions of higher social status are inadvertently seeking out individuals with psychopathic tendencies to run their companies using similar characteristics in their job advertisements.

Design/methodology/approach
The current study will provide a deeper understanding of successful psychopaths whilst exploring the role of the “Westernized” corporation in recruiting successful psychopaths into their businesses through character descriptions in 25 executive career advertisements using Wexler’s (2008) psychopathic Personality Dimensions And Positively Reinforced Corporate Labels.

Findings
The results demonstrated that corporations are seeking out characteristics that are synonymous to Factor 1 psychopathic personality traits, which could increase the propensity of successful psychopaths in the workplace.

Research limitations/implications
Although the sample was representative for the current study, the sample size is minimal. Further, most companies in the sample were taken from the public sector. Given the implicit sample bias, the results and conclusions must be interpreted with caution. Future research should expand the relationship between psychopathic personality traits and corporate labels in a broader context.

Practical implications
The results also allude to potential protective factors that could be put in place by corporations during their hiring process. These factors include measures for empathy and emotional IQ. Beyond the hiring process, it is suggested that incentive-based promotions should be lessened and replaced with incentives that promote care and respect for one another.

Social implications
Whilst the inability for the public to conceptualize white-collar crime as a true form of crime conducted by powerful individuals is apparent, it is suggested that change should begin with public awareness and academia. With additional research on psychopathy in the field of criminology and organizational psychology, public awareness can be amplified.

Originality/value
The current study allows for an interdisciplinary perspective towards the concept of successful psychopathy by highlighting the increased potential for corporate scams and white-collar criminality. Specifically, the current study introduces a psycho-social criminological perspective.
Access, security and diplomacy
Authors: Rookwood Joel 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the perceptions of Qatar’s suitability to act a successful sports event host and, in doing so, look ahead to some of the key organisational challenges facing Qatar leading up to the World Cup in 2022. This paper is framed around the perceptions of nation branding and soft power and draws on the experiences of various key demographics who offer valuable insight into Qatar’s World Cup.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with football journalists, experienced tournament staff and volunteers, football supporters and expatriates working in the Gulf region. The paper is longitudinal in nature, with data collected between January 2010 and June 2018 including seven FIFA and FIFA-affiliated confederation events, namely, the 2011 Asia Cup in Qatar, the 2011 Gold Cup in USA, the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, the 2015 Copa America in Chile, the 2016 European Championships in France, the 2017 African Cup of Nations in Gabon and the 2018 World Cup in Russia.FindingsThe paper uncovers several concerns and considerations connected to hosting a first Middle Eastern World Cup in Qatar in 2022. The findings demonstrate some of the key organisational challenges facing the event which were found to include supporter access, security and the fan experience.Originality/valueThis paper examines Qatar in the context of the 2022 World Cup and its connection to soft power and nation branding. This particular event is so significant, not simply because it is the showcase tournament of the globe’s most popular sport from both a spectator and participation perspective, but because it represents such a notable divergence from previous editions. The majority of preceding World Cups have/will be hosted by highly populated countries with relatively developed football traditions and/or infrastructures. As a change to this pattern, the unique position of Qatar’s World Cup renders it as an important case study. This paper, which examines informed perspectives relating to access, security and diplomacy, provides a number of issues for Qatar’s World Cup organisers to consider.
Commentary on “The Ealing Intensive Therapeutic and Short Breaks Service: an update five years on”
Authors: Kiernan Joann 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the needs of children and young people with an intellectual disability and behaviours described as challenging in light of the article “The Ealing Intensive Therapeutic and Short Breaks service: An Update Five Years On”.

Design/methodology/approach
Contemporary literature associated with the provision of support to children and young people with an intellectual disability and behaviours described as challenging is considered. Some of the recent challenges associated with the provision of effective and timely support in light of current research, policy and practice are highlighted.

Findings
The Ealing service’s continued success is discussed within the context of new ways of working required to meet the needs of the client group and their families/carers.

Originality/value
The commentary reinforces the need to evolve service models that can provide specialist, timely and intensive support. The importance of early intervention is highlighted.
Commentary on “A critical reflection on the development of the Participatory Autism Research Collective (PARC)”
Authors: Beaumont Jennifer 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the wider impact of participatory research (PR) on the autistic academic, families and caregivers, and the researcher.

Design/methodology/approach
This commentary considers participatory methods from the perspective of an autistic female with experience on both sides of PR.

Findings
The positive aspects of PR outweigh the potential challenges faced, both by the researchers and the participants. Participatory methods are likely to increase the attractiveness of the research to participants.

Originality/value
Further research is required to explore both the impact PARC’s work has on the autistic academic in the long term, and whether it can yield similar results in alternative areas. In addition to this, consideration needs to be given as to whether the methodologies developed can be used to support a wider range of disabled individuals who are not currently able to access higher education.
Severe maternal morbidity during delivery hospitalisation in a large international administrative database, 2008–2013: a retrospective cohort
Authors: Lipkind HS , Zuckerwise LC , Turner EB , Collins JJ , Campbell KH , Reddy UM , Illuzi JL , Merriam AA 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThis study utilized the Dr. Foster Global Comparators database to identify pregnancy complications and associated risk factors that led to severe maternal morbidity during delivery hospitalisations in large university hospitals based in the USA, Australia, and England.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingBirths in the USA, England and Australia from 2008 to 2013.SampleData from delivery hospitalisations between 2008 and 2013 were examined using the Dr. Foster Global Comparators database.MethodsWe identified delivery hospitalisations with life‐threatening diagnoses or use of life‐saving procedures, using algorithms for severe maternal morbidity from the Center for Disease Control. Frequency of severe maternal morbidity was calculated for each country.Main outcome measuresMultivariable analysis was used to examine the association between morbidity and socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics within each country. Chi‐square tests assessed differences in covariates between countries.ResultsFrom 2008 to 2013, there were 516 781 deliveries from a total of 18 hospitals: 24.5% from the USA, 57.0% from England and 18.4% from Australia. Overall severe maternal morbidity rate was 8.2 per 1000 deliveries: 15.6 in the USA, 5.0 in England, and 8.2 in Australia. The most common codes identifying severe morbidity included transfusion, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, cardiac events/procedures, ventilation, hysterectomy, and eclampsia. Advanced maternal age, hypertension, diabetes, and substance abuse were associated with severe maternal morbidity in all three countries.ConclusionRates of severe maternal morbidity differed by country. Identification of geographical, socio‐demographic, and clinical differences can help target modifications of practice and potentially reduce severe maternal morbidity.Tweetable abstractRates of severe maternal morbidity vary, but risk factors associated with adverse outcomes are similar in developed countries.
Behçet’s disease presentations and care outcomes in a tertiary hospital in south‐western Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Zahrani Fares M. , Alsultan Bashayer , Alahmari Hana , Almannaa Ali , Asseri Malak , Alhayaza Shahad , Aljaser Fatimah , Alamri Alwaleed , Alasmari Ali , Somaily Mansour , Alsabaani Abdullah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo study the clinical presentations of Behçet's disease in patients visiting a tertiary hospital in south‐western Saudi Arabia.Patients and methodsForty‐seven patients with Behçet's disease attending the Rheumatology Department at Asser Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia were recruited into the study. The study was conducted over a period of 5 years from January 2012 to July 2017. Medical records of the patients were reviewed to analyze the frequency of different clinical manifestations.ResultsThe study had 26 men and 21 women. The mean age of the patients was 37.11 ± 11.9 years (range <30‐60 years). Frequency of main clinical manifestations in these patients included 89.4% (42/47) oral ulcers, 80.9% (38) genital ulcers, 55.3% (26/47) ocular complications, 55.3% arthralgia (26/47), 31.9% arthritis (15/47), 36% neurological complications (17/47), 34% gastrointestinal involvement (16), 17% pulmonary complication (8/47), cutaneous lesions in the form of skin pustules were found in 31.9% of cases and erythema only in 4.3% of patients. Deep venous thrombosis was observed in 66.6% of patients. About 96% of patients showed improvement with drugs. Only 2 patients died during the study period.ConclusionBehçet's disease showed higher male predominance in south‐western Saudi Arabia, similar to other Middle‐Eastern countries. The clinical characteristics are comparable to different studies reported from other countries. Regarding the care outcome, the majority of patients were cured using oral corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs.
Marking mosquitoes in their natural larval sites using 2H‐enriched water: A promising approach for tracking over extended temporal and spatial scales
Authors: Faiman Roy , Dao Adama , Yaro Alpha Seydou , Diallo Moussa , Djibril Samake , Sanogo Zana Lamissa , Ousmane Yossi , Sullivan Margery , Veru Laura , Krajacich Benjamin J. , Krishna Asha , Matthews Joy , France Christine A.M. , Hamer Gabriel , Hobson Keith A. , Lehmann Tovi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Tracking mosquitoes using current methods of mark–release–recapture are limited to small spatial and temporal scales exposing major gaps in understanding long‐range movements and extended survival. Novel approaches to track mosquitoes may yield fresh insights into their biology which improves intervention activities to reduce disease transmission. Stable isotope enrichment of natural mosquito breeding sites allows large‐scale marking of wild mosquitoes absent human handling. Mosquito larvae that develop in 2H‐enriched water are expected to be detectable for over 4 months using tissue mass fraction 2H measurements, providing opportunities for long‐term mark–capture studies on a large scale.

A laboratory study followed by a field experiment of mosquito larval habitat 2H enrichment was conducted in Mali, to evaluate potential labelling of wild mosquitoes. Twelve natural larval sites were enriched using [2H] deuterium oxide (D2O, 99%). Enrichment level was maintained by supplementation following dilution by rains. Availability of 2H to mosquito larvae was enhanced by locally collected and cultured microorganisms (i.e. protozoa, algae and bacteria) reared in deuterated water, and provided as larval diet. Putative natural predators were removed from the larval sites and first instar larvae Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae were added every other day. Emergence traps enabled collection of eclosing adults. Adult mosquitoes were kept at laboratory conditions for analysis of label attrition with age.

Deuterium enrichment of wild mosquitoes above background levels (maximum = 143.1 ppm) became apparent 5–6 days after initial exposure, after which 2H values increased steadily until c. 24 days later (to a mean of c. 220 ppm). Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes showed significantly different 2H values (211 and 194.2 ppm, respectively). Both genera exhibited exponential label attrition (e(‐x)) amounting to 21.6% by day 30 post‐emergence, after which attrition rate continuously decreased. Males of both taxa exhibited a higher mean 2H value compared to females.

Deuterium oxide proved useful in marking mosquitoes in their natural larval sites and although costly, may prove valuable for studies of mosquitoes and other aquatic insects. Based on our field study, we provide a protocol for marking mosquito larval sites using deuterium oxide.