bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quaternary Displacement on the Joiner Ridge Fault, Eastern Arkansas
Authors: Price Audrey C. , Woolery Edward W. , Counts Ronald C. , Van Arsdale Roy B. , Larsen Daniel , Mahan Shannon A. , Beck Ennis G. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe New Madrid seismic zone of the central United States is an intraplate seismic zone with blind structures that are not seismically active but may pose seismic hazards. The Joiner ridge fault (JRF) is the 35‐kilometer‐long east‐bounding fault of the Joiner ridge blind horst located in eastern Arkansas ∼50  km northwest of Memphis, Tennessee. Shallow S‐wave (SH‐mode) seismic reflection profiles, continuous cores, and radiometric dating of Quaternary alluvium across the JRF reveal down‐to‐the‐east reverse faulting and folding of Eocene strata and overlying Quaternary Mississippi River alluvium. The base of the Quaternary alluvium has an age of 20.3 ka and is vertically displaced 12 m, resulting in an average slip rate of 0.6±0.1  mm/yr over the past 20.3 ka. The overlying upper Wisconsinan and Holocene alluvial facies are also displaced by the JRF. These facies increase in thickness across the JRF and were used to calculate late Wisconsinan and Holocene slip histories. The JRF slipped 7 m between 20.3 and 17.5 ka, 3 m between 12.3 and 11.5 ka, and 2 m between 11.5 and 8.9 ka. No apparent slip occurred on the JRF within the last 8.9 ka. This research illustrates that slip has been intermittent and that slip magnitudes on the JRF diminished through the late Wisconsinan and early Holocene.
Macroseismic Study of the Devastating 22–23 October 1749 Earthquake Doublet in the Northern Colima Graben (Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt, Western Mexico)
Authors: Suter Max 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis detailed macroseismic study of a locally devastating earthquake doublet in the western part of the Trans‐Mexican volcanic belt, north of Fuego de Colima Volcano, on 22 and 23 October 1749 is based on contemporary documentary sources. The shocks razed the towns of Zapotlán el Grande (now Ciudad Guzmán) and Sayula and caused major damage in Amacueca and Atoyac. A first mainshock on 22 October 1749 at 4 p.m. was devastating in Sayula and Zapotlán el Grande and caused some damage in Amacueca. A stronger second mainshock ∼20  hr later, on 23 October 1749 at about noon, was destructive in Sayula, Amacueca, and Zapotlán el Grande where only three residential buildings remained standing. Estimates of the intensity magnitude MI of the mainshocks range between 5.7 and 6.0, with a preferred magnitude of 5.8. The macroseismic intensity distribution, limited area of destruction, and prolonged sequence of aftershocks, lasting at least until August 1750, indicate a local earthquake source in the northern Colima graben, most likely on the major fault bounding the Sayula half‐graben in the west.
A Rare Case of Unilateral Foix-Chavany-Marie Syndrome
Authors: Raab Courtney , Chaudhry, MD Farrukh 
Published: October 2019

Background: Bilateral anterior opercular syndrome, or Foix-Chavany-Marie Syndrome (FCMS), is a neurological condition characterized by bilateral anterior opercular lesions. Common presenting symptoms of this rare suprabublar palsy include dysarthria, or slurred speech, as well as paralysis of facial, pharyngeal, lingual, and masticatory voluntary muscles while autonomic function is preserved.1 Most cases of FCMS are bilateral, yet some rare cases have been reported with unilateral opercular lesions with preexisting contralateral white matter lesions.2 In this case report we present a rare case of unilateral FCMS in a patient who had an acute anterior left opercular infarct, as well as a residual right parietal subcortical stroke.
Project Methods: The patient we present is a 49 year old African American female with a history of hypertension and previous stroke with residual spastic right hemiplegia who presented to the ED for evaluation of right sided facial droop, right sided weakness, and slurred speech. Patient was evaluated by acute stroke team and was treated with intravenous thrombolysis (Alteplase). On hospital day 2, the patient developed complete disarticulation, unable to produce any speech but able to communicate by appropriate gestures and writing. The patient’s symptoms included anarthria, weakness of bilateral masseters, and lateral/medial pterygoids without dysphagia. Results: The MRI brain showed left insular region/frontal opercular ischemic stroke and a small right parietal subcortical ischemic stroke, likely embolic in nature. Over the hospital stay, the patient’s motor function improved but her anarthria persisted. These radiologic findings along with the symptomology proved consistent with FCMS. She was discharged to home with an NIH stroke scale of 5 and recommended outpatient speech therapy.
Conclusion: In this case report, we describe a patient that presents with an extremely rare case of unilateral FCMS, with a preexisting contralateral parietal infarct that could have collectively caused anarthria and masseter weakness.

Works Cited 1. Milanlioglu A, Aydın MN, Gökgül A, Hamamcı M, Erkuzu MA, Tombul T. Ischemic Bilateral Opercular Syndrome. Case Reports in Medicine. 2013;2013:1-3. doi:10.1155/2013/513572.
2. Sa F, Cordeiro IM, Mestre S, Nzwalo H. Unilateral opercular infarction presenting with FoixChavany-Marie syndrome. Case Reports. 2014;2014. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-206439.
Explicaciones Geométrico-Diagramáticas en Física desde una Perspectiva Inferencial
Authors: Anta Javier 
Published: October 2019

El primer objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que explicaciones genuinamente geométricas/matemáticas e intrínsecamente diagramáticas de fenómenos físicos no solo son posibles en la práctica científica, sino que además comportan un potencial epistémico que sus contrapartes simbólico-verbales carecen. Como ejemplo representativo utilizaremos la metodología geométrica de John Wheeler (1963) para calcular cantidades físicas en una reacción nuclear. Como segundo objetivo pretendemos analizar, desde un marco inferencial, la garantía epistémica de este tipo de explicaciones en términos de dependencia sintáctica y semántica del contenido lo inferido en las premisas, lo cual denominaremos criterio de validez inferencial (CVI).
South African Undergraduate Health Science Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Preferences Regarding Vaccination
Authors: Le Roux Christine , Dramowski Angela 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: South African universities lack comprehensive vaccination policies for undergraduate health science students, despite exposure to vaccine-preventable diseases during clinical training. We investigated health science students’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Stellenbosch University regarding vaccination and established their preferences for the delivery of a student vaccination programme.
Methods: A 32-question survey regarding students’ KAP and preferences about vaccination was emailed to undergraduate health science students (n = 2472) between November 2017 and April 2018. Mean KAP scores and vaccination preferences were compared between medical and allied health students. Responses to three open-ended questions were coded by two independent researchers to identify emerging themes.
Results: Questionnaires (n = 403) were completed by medical (79.8%) and allied health (20.2%) students. There was no difference between the mean K-scores of the two groups (6.8 vs 6.4/10 questions; p = 0.998). Students had positive attitudes to vaccination (mean A-score 4.1/7 questions) but felt that education regarding recommended vaccinations was lacking. Although students supported the idea of mandatory vaccinations, many raised concerns regarding access and affordability of vaccinations. The majority (90.3%) of students had completed or were completing their hepatitis B immunization series. There was widespread support for peer vaccination sessions and development of a webpage or mobile application to assist with scheduling of vaccinations.
Conclusions: Undergraduate health science students support the introduction of an expanded vaccination policy. Additional educational content, vaccine accessibility and affordability are important issues to consider in the development of a health science student vaccination programme.
WONDERSHARE QUIZ CREATOR BERBASIS ANDROID DALAM MATA PELAJARAN SOSIOLOGI KELAS XI IPS 2 MAN 1 MALANG
Authors: Fadlullah Achmad Kholid 
Published: October 2019

<p>The quality of education is determined by the integration between all learning components such as teachers, pre-facility facilities, curriculum, learning methods, learning media. The use of media is an effort to overcome learning problems. The media functions as an intermediary between educators and students in conveying information. To achieve this goal, the researchers developed a media that is an Android-based Wonder share Quiz Creator evaluation media. The purpose of the research is 1) To describe the specifications of the evaluation media for Wonder share Quiz Creator based on Android in Sociology subjects in XI IPS 2 MAN 1 Malang. 2) To develop an Android-based Wonder share Quiz Creator evaluation media in Sociology subjects in XI IPS 2 MAN 1 Malang. 3) To describe the results of the development of an Android-based Wonder share Quiz Creator media evaluation in Sociology subjects in XI IPS 2 MAN 1 Malang. The research method uses Research and Development (R &amp; D), referring to the model introduced by Borg and Gall. Techniques for collecting data through observation, tests, and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used content analysis of learning and descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Android-based Wonder share Quiz Creator evaluation media in sociology learning is an application containing’s a variety of questions, random in nature, can be used online and offline. 2) Wonder share Quiz Creator media evaluation which was initially web-based in the computer was developed into an Android-based application 3) this development proved useful, interesting and valid in, based on 80% sociology material validator data, 73% design experts, and IPS 2 student responses 82.57%. The increase in learning outcomes pre-test and post-test from the results of t-test, T table is 3.23&gt; 1.68. This shows that the product developed has a high level of validity and high attractiveness, so it is suitable to be used in supporting the evaluation process.</p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong><em> wonder share quiz creator; android; social science</em></strong></p>
Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) pada Pakan Tikus Putih Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Alanin Aminotransferase dan Aspartate Aminotransferase
Authors: Setiyowati Asri , Utama Iwan Harjono , Setiasih Ni Luh Eka 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor tikus putih betina, masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas lima ekor tikus putih betina P0 (hewan coba diberikan pakan tanpa penambahan tepung daun kelor), P1 (pakan di tambahkan tepung daun kelor 2,5 %) P2 (pakan di tambahkan tepung daun kelor 5 %), P3 (pakan di tambahkan tepung daun kelor 10 %), P4 (pakan di tambahkan tepung daun kelor 20%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan tepung daun kelor pada pakan dapat menurunkan nilai aktivitas enzim Aspartate aminotransferase dan Alanin aminotransferase. Tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) dosis 20% mampu menurunkan nilai aktivitas enzim Aspartate aminotransferase dan Alanin aminotransferase p<0,05%. Enzim Alanin aminotransferase sebagian besar terikat pada sitoplasma, sedangkan Aspartate aminotransferase terdapat dalam semua jaringan tubuh, terutama hati dan dalam jumlah lebih kecil di ginjal dan otot rangka, sebagian besar enzim Aspartate aminotransferase terikat pada organel sel, dan hanya sedikit terdapat di sitoplasma. Enzim Aspartate aminotransferase dan Alanin aminotransferase meningkat bila terjadi kerusakan sel hati. Biasanya peningkatan Alanin aminotransferase lebih tinggi daripada Aspartate aminotransferase pada kerusakan hati yang akut, mengingat Alanin aminotransferase merupakan enzim yang hanya terdapat pada sitoplasma sel hati. Peningkatan aktivitas enzim transaminase merupakan petunjuk yang paling peka dari nekrosis sel-sel hati, karena peningkatannya terjadi paling awal dan paling akhir kembali ke kondisi normal dibandingkan tes yang lain.
Vermisidal dan Ovisidal Ekstrak Metanol Biji Pepaya Muda Terhadap Ascaridia galli Secara In-Vitro
Authors: Sonda Kristina Sartika , Samsuri Samsuri , Oka Ida Bagus Made 
Published: October 2019

Di dalam biji pepaya muda terkandung beberapa zat aktif seperti glikosida, alkaloid karpain, benzyl-isothiocianate (BITC) dan enzim papain yang telah terbukti dapat membunuh cacing dan menghambat daya berembrio telur cacing Ascaridia galli. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui vermisidal dan ovisidal ekstrak methanol biji pepaya muda terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni untuk uji vermisidal terdiri dari 6 perlakuan (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) dan 5 ulangan, sedangkan untuk uji ovisidal dibagi menjadi dua uji, yaitu kontak langsung dan kontak tidak langsung. Perlakuan yang diberikan; Kontrol Negatif (P0) dengan larutan NaCl Fisiologis, Kontrol Positif (P1) dengan larutan Albendazole (Benzamidazole 0,15 ml/kg berat badan), perlakuan II (P2), ekstrak biji pepaya muda konsentrasi 0,07 %, perlakuan III (P3), ekstrak biji pepaya muda konsentrasi 0,14 %, perlakuan IV (P4), ekstrak biji pepaya muda konsentrasi 0,21 %, perlakuan V (P5), ekstrak biji pepaya muda 0,28 %. Untuk uji vermisidal data dianalisis dengan Analisis Probit untuk mengetahui LC100 (Lethal Concentration) dan LT100 (Lethal Time) dari ekstrak biji pepaya muda sedangkan untuk uji ovisidal data dianalisis dengan Sidik Ragam Hasil penelitian vermisidal didapatkan LC100 ekstrak biji pepaya muda adalah 0,371 % dan LT100 34,614 jam. Untuk uji ovisidal kontak langsung dan kontak tidak langsung didapatkan bahwa ekstrak biji pepaya muda berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,05) terhadap daya berembrio telur cacing Ascaridia galli. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak biji pepaya muda efektif sebagai vermisidal dan ovisidal kontak langsung terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli secara in-vitro.
Gérer la diversité animale dans les systèmes d’élevage : laquelle, comment et pour quels bénéfices ?
Authors: MAGNE Marie-Angélina , NOZIÈRES-PETIT Marie-Odile , COURNUT Sylvie , OLLION Émilie , PUILLET Laurence , RENAUDEAU David , FORTUN-LAMOTHE Laurence 
Published: October 2019

La biodiversité, et en particulier la diversité animale que l’éleveur choisit d’élever, est présentée comme un levier prometteur pour la transition agroécologique et la résilience des systèmes d’élevage. Or, les travaux traitant de cette question sont peu nombreux, récents et épars. Cet article vise à développer un cadre conceptuel pour analyser de manière intégrée la diversité animale et ses modalités de gestion à l’échelle des systèmes d’élevage et à proposer des pistes de recherche pour y contribuer. Ce cadre est structuré en quatre composantes : i) les formes que recouvre la diversité animale, ii) les niveaux organisationnel et temporel auxquels elle se construit et s’exprime, iii) ses modes de gestion et iv) les bénéfices retirés par l’éleveur. Quatre études de recherche contrastées en termes de diversité animale analysée ont été revisitées au travers du cadre conceptuel proposé. Leur relecture et leur analyse transversale montrent l’intérêt d’articuler les quatre composantes du cadre pour raisonner de manière intégrée la gestion de la diversité animale en élevage afin d’en tirer parti sur le long terme. Elles permettent aussi d’identifier trois fronts de recherche à investiguer conjointement : affiner la caractérisation de la diversité animale en élevage, mieux caractériser ses modes de gestion y compris ses déterminants et approfondir l’évaluation des différents bénéfices retirés de sa gestion. Des pistes d’utilisation du cadre en recherche, en enseignement et dans conseil en élevage sont enfin proposées.
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Biji Alpukat (Persea americana) Melalui Proses Transesterifikasi Langsung
Authors: Shafira Shafira Dwita Purnama Putri , Zulmanelis Zulmanelis , Darsef Darsef 
Published: October 2019

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi optimum pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak biji alpukat melalui proses transesterifikasi langsung. Variasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah variasi waktu reaksi 8, 12, 16 dan 20 jam serta variasi perbandingan campuran heksana-metanol 1:2 dan 1:5. Katalis yang digunakan adalah H2SO4 sebesar 20% berat yang diimpregnasi ke dalam serbuk biji alpukat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi optimum pembuatan biodiesel dari biji alpukat adalah pada waktu reaksi 16 jam dengan perbandingan campuran heksana-metanol 1:5. Volume akhir biodiesel yang didapatkan sebesar 1,6 mL dengan densitas sebesar 910,7 kg m-3, viskositas kinematik sebesar 3,3051 cSt dan bilangan asam 1,9418 mg KOH g-1 lemak. Berdasarkan analisis GC-MS produk biodiesel dari kondisi optimum yang berhasil terkonversi adalah metil palmitat
Kata kunci: biji alpukat, biodiesel, metil ester, transesterifikasi langsung
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions of making biodiesel from avocado seed oil through a direct transesterification process. The variations used in this study were reaction time of 8, 12, 16 and 20 hours and hexane-methanol mixture of 1:2 and 1:5. The catalyst used was H2SO4 of 20% (wt) that has been impregnated into avocado seed powder. The results showed that the optimum conditions for making biodiesel from avocado seeds were at the reaction time of 16 hours with a hexane-methanol mixture ratio of 1:5. The final volume of biodiesel was 1.6 mL with a density of 910.7 kg m-3, kinematic viscosity of 3.3051 cSt and acid number 1.9418 mg KOH g_1. Based on GC-MS analysis of biodiesel products from the optimum conditions the resulted of fatty acid methyl ester is methyl palmitate.
Keywords: avocado seeds, biodiesel, direct transesterification, methyl ester.
Arthroscopic Microfracture for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Yang Hong-Yeol , Lee Keun-Bae 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Arthroscopic microfracture is considered the primary treatment strategy for osteochondral lesions of the talus and has been shown to provide successful outcomes. However, deterioration of clinical outcomes and fibrocartilage infill over time is now a recognized concern. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes related to cartilage repair tissue after microfracture with use of second-look arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare these findings with functional outcomes.

Methods:
Twenty-five patients underwent second-look arthroscopy and MRI at a mean of 3.6 years (range, 2.2 to 8.1 years) after microfracture. Second-look arthroscopic findings were assessed according to the system of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS). MRI was evaluated postoperatively with use of the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score. Clinical outcomes were determined with use of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale, and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) score.

Results:
On second-look arthroscopy, 9 ankles (36%) were still abnormal according to the ICRS overall repair grades. The average postoperative MOCART score was 67.8 (range, 30 to 95), with good association with functional outcome. In addition, 6 patients (24%) had a mismatch between the MRI and second-look arthroscopic findings. Significant improvements were observed in all functional outcome categories between the preoperative and latest follow-up evaluations (p < 0.001). The mean FAOS scores for ICRS repair grades I and II (n = 16) and grades III and IV (n = 9) were 86.8 and 75.6, respectively. There was a significant correlation between FAOS scores and ICRS grades (p = 0.004).

Conclusions:
Second-look arthroscopic results revealed that 36% of lesions were incompletely healed and had inferior quality of repair tissue compared with that of native cartilage at a mean of 3.6 years, although arthroscopic microfracture provided functional improvements. Magnetic resonance analysis demonstrated some limitations in comparison with arthroscopy for the evaluation of cartilage repair. Therefore, second-look arthroscopy has an important role in accurately assessing the status of the cartilage repair tissue beyond the use of the MOCART score and functional outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Smaller Epiphyseal Tubercle and Larger Peripheral Cupping in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Compared with Healthy Hips
Authors: Novais Eduardo N. , Maranho Daniel A. , Vairagade Amishi , Kim Young-Jo , Kiapour Ata 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The inner surface of the capital femoral epiphysis is important for growth plate stability. However, abnormalities of epiphyseal morphology associated with the pathogenesis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) remain poorly understood. This study compares the 3-dimensional anatomy of the epiphyseal tubercle and peripheral cupping in hips with SCFE and normal hips.

Methods:
We created 3-dimensional models of the capital femoral epiphysis with use of computed tomography (CT) imaging from 51 patients with SCFE and 80 subjects without hip symptoms who underwent CT because of abdominal pain. The height, width, and length of the epiphyseal tubercle and the peripheral cupping were measured and normalized by the epiphyseal diameter and presented as a percentage. We used analysis of variance for the comparison of the measurements between SCFE and control hips after adjusting for age and sex.

Results:
Compared with normal hips, hips with mild SCFE had smaller mean epiphyseal tubercle height (0.9% ± 0.9% compared with 4.4% ± 0.4%; p = 0.006) and length (32.3% ± 1.8% compared with 43.7% ± 0.8%; p < 0.001). The mean epiphyseal tubercle height was also smaller in hips with moderate (0.6% ± 0.9%; p = 0.004) and severe SCFE (0.3% ± 0.8%; p < 0.001) compared with normal hips. No differences were observed for measurements of epiphyseal tubercle height and length between SCFE subgroups. The mean peripheral cupping was larger in hips with mild (16.3% ± 1.0%; p < 0.001), moderate (16.4% ± 1.1%; p < 0.001), and severe SCFE (18.9% ± 0.9%; p < 0.001) overall and when assessed individually in all regions compared with normal hips (10.6% ± 0.5%).

Conclusions:
Hips with SCFE have a smaller epiphyseal tubercle and larger peripheral cupping compared with healthy hips. A smaller epiphyseal tubercle may be a predisposing morphologic factor or a consequence of the increased shearing stress across the physis secondary to the slip. Increased peripheral growth may be an adaptive response to instability as other stabilizers (i.e., epiphyseal tubercle and anterior periosteum) become compromised with slip progression. Future studies are necessary to determine the biomechanical basis of our morphologic findings.