bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Life and Languages in the Roman Western Provinces
Authors: Mullen Alex 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the final volume of the LatinNow project and sets out how we have explored life and language in the western provinces. It opens with a soundscape from Roman Southwark involving a moritix from Gaul that illustrates our themes and interdisciplinary perspectives. The ‘characterful’ data used for our research are discussed, focusing on the database of inscribed objects, and how it can be deployed in long-standing debates on the ‘epigraphic habit’. One early expression of this habit, the epitaph of Gaius Iulius Italus from Narbonne, leads into a discussion of the nexus between language, identity, culture, and ethnicity, and our vision for ancient sociolinguistics. The recurring issue of the relation between oral and written expressions of language triggers a presentation of our views on how to approach ancient socio-literacy—namely, combining both inscribed objects of all kinds and writing equipment, and considering the social dimensions and contexts.
Writing Latin in Germania Superior
Authors: Willi Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter uses the evidence of non-monumental epigraphy and writing equipment finds to explore factors that are traditionally seen as drivers of the spread of Latin literacy in the Roman province Germania Superior, such as military presence and settlement status. Adding an everyday writing perspective to the evidence of monumental epigraphy paints a more differentiated picture of Latin literacy in the province. Everyday writing appeared first and spread more widely in certain areas, and, while literacy spread quickly throughout the province after the Romans had arrived, this process was not uniform. An analysis of literacy in the colony of Augusta Raurica, on the one hand, and of the impact of military presence, on the other, shows that numerous variables affected different literacies differently in different contexts, resulting in a wide array of literate realities across the province.
The Obliger
Authors: Whitehouse Deja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores Frieda Harris’s self-perception as an obliger, one who devotes herself to serving the domestic and familial needs of others at the expense of her own aims and interests. Analysis is presented within the social and political context of England during the Second World War and its immediate aftermath, citing contemporary and historical written sources. Harris’s relationships with her family and Aleister Crowley are considered in detail, with comparisons between Harris’s grudging support for her husband and her willing assistance to Crowley. Harris’s correspondence and her husband’s journals are analysed to assess how each perceived her role as obliger. The impact of Harris’s relationship with Crowley on her marriage, her husband’s political career, and the Harrises’ societal position is also explored.
Life after Crowley
Authors: Whitehouse Deja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers Harris’s life after the death of Aleister Crowley in 1947. The twilight years of her marriage, during which time Harris became acquainted with the Indian dancer Raj Gopal, are discussed. Gopal’s commission for her to design sets for his ballets and his invitation to her to join him on the set of Elephant Walk in Ceylon initiated the next stage of her artistic and esoteric development. Her involvement with Gopal and her life in India are examined through her correspondence with Gerald Yorke and William Holt. In particular, Harris’s quest for spiritual fulfilment is analysed, culminating in her realisation that her esoteric path was intrinsically linked with her artwork.
Comparative analysis of epistemic stance in abstracts of published biomedical research and associated National Institutes of Health funding applications (1985–2020)
Authors: Millar Neil , Batalo Bojan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Research funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) exerts considerable influence over the trajectory of biomedical science and healthcare policy and practice. Here, we extend previous research by assessing the relationship between the expression of epistemic stance (i.e. confidence in propositions) in successful NIH funding applications and the subsequent research publications. Analysis of 140 stance features (modal verbs, hedges, and boosters) in all PubMed abstracts describing NIH-funded research during the period 1985–2020 identified trends that broadly mirrored those previously reported for abstracts of the associated funding applications. We argue that trends, in part, indicate that investigators adopted a stance that became less cautious and less tentative (e.g. consistent declines for appear, seem, and probably), and increasingly confident, assertive, and empirical (e.g. consistent increases for highlight, likely, and typically). Discussing our results in relation to changes in the biomedical research system, including growth in promotional writing strategies, we suggest that increasing salesmanship in the NIH research system is in part a downstream effect of funding mechanisms. We also infer methodological and pedagogic implications for analysis of metadiscourse.
Critical Review of Recently Published Studies Claiming Long-Term Neurocognitive Abnormalities in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Boone Kyle B , Vane Ryan P , Victor Tara L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common claimed personal injury condition for which neuropsychologists are retained as forensic experts in litigation. Therefore, it is critical that experts have accurate information when testifying as to neurocognitive outcome from concussion. Systematic reviews and six meta-analyses from 1997 to 2011 regarding objective neurocognitive outcome from mTBI provide no evidence that concussed individuals do not return to baseline by weeks to months post-injury. In the current manuscript, a critical review was conducted of 21 research studies published since the last meta-analysis in 2011 that have claimed to demonstrate long-term (i.e., ≥12 months post-injury) neurocognitive abnormalities in adults with mTBI. Using seven proposed methodological criteria for research investigating neurocognitive outcome from mTBI, no studies were found to be scientifically adequate. In particular, more than 50% of the 21 studies reporting cognitive dysfunction did not appropriately diagnose mTBI, employ prospective research designs, use standard neuropsychological tests, include appropriate control groups, provide information on motive to feign or use PVTs, or exclude, or adequately consider the impact of, comorbid conditions known to impact neurocognitive scores. We additionally analyzed 15 studies published during the same period that documented no longer term mTBI–related cognitive abnormalities, and demonstrate that they were generally more methodologically robust than the studies purporting to document cognitive dysfunction. The original meta-analytic conclusions remain the most empirically-sound evidence informing our current understanding of favorable outcomes following mTBI.
Constitutional and Judicial Foundations for Competency-Related Assessment in Criminal Forensic Neuropsychology
Authors: Denney Robert L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Clinical neuropsychologists wishing to consult in criminal cases have ethical requirements to familiarize themselves with this specialty prior to initiating services. This paper presents foundational knowledge for professional neuropsychological consulting in cases where competence to proceed through the criminal adjudication process is in question.

Method
Reviewed are key foundations of knowledge for practice of clinical neuropsychology in relation to competency to stand trial or to proceed examinations. These foundations include a review of the criminal judicial system, relevant US Constitutional Amendments, and select mental health case law.

Results
First, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the US Constitution establish the rights of freedom of thought, due process, freedom from self-incrimination, assistance of counsel, and equal protection. As used in criminal legal proceedings, capacity generally refers to abilities (i.e., functional capabilities), while competency is a legal determination based on a set of capacities. Although competency to proceed is assumed, Dusky v United States (1960) establishes that defendants are not competent if they lack sufficient present ability to consult with their lawyers using a reasonable degree of rational and factual understanding. Case law and statutory law establish that the loss must be due to mental disease or defect.

Conclusions
Clinical neuropsychologists wishing to consult in criminal forensic cases have ethical requirements to become familiar with this unique consultative arena before choosing to enter. The foundational knowledge for clinical consulting within the criminal forensic context is presented to help clinical neuropsychologists begin developing authentic professional competence in the criminal forensic arena.
Xylazine Pharmacokinetics in Patients Testing Positive for Fentanyl and Xylazine
Authors: Lin Yanchun , Farnsworth Christopher W , Azimi Vahid , Liss David B , Mullins Michael E , Crews Bridgit O 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The increasing prevalence of xylazine in the illicit drug supply is a growing concern for major health consequences in individuals who use fentanyl mixed with xylazine, but limited data are available regarding the pharmacokinetics of xylazine in humans.

Methods
Xylazine was quantified in serial remnant plasmas collected from 28 patients starting at the initial patient encounter and continuing for up to 52 h from presentation, using LC-MS/MS to calculate the terminal half-life for xylazine. Xylazine metabolites were identified by product ion scanning, and multiple reaction monitoring was used to estimate the relative abundance of xylazine metabolites in 74 collected plasma samples.

Results
The median terminal half-life for xylazine was calculated to be 12.0 h (range: 5.9–20.8). Oxo-xylazine and sulfone-xylazine metabolites were detected in all plasma specimens that contained xylazine.

Conclusions
The half-life of xylazine in humans is longer than previously observed in animal studies, which furthers the current understanding of the expected duration of effects in individuals who use fentanyl mixed with xylazine and the window of detection. Both oxo-xylazine and sulfone-xylazine appear to circulate in plasma for as long as xylazine.
An optimized hardware implementation of SHA-256 round computation
Authors: Yao Maoqun , Xue Ziwei , Li Haiwei , Shen Shanhu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The SHA-256 algorithm is one of the most widely used secure hashing algorithms. The SHA-256 algorithm is implemented in hardware, and in order to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the encrypted data, this requires higher throughput and efficiency. In this paper, we propose a high-performance hardware architecture for the SHA-256 hash algorithm, which further optimizes the rearranged round computation by decomposing the critical path into two addition stages and replacing the multi-operator adder in the critical path of the algorithmic round-computing circuit with a 4-2 compressor. Based on the experimental results on field-programmable gate arrays, the obtained result shows a significant improvement in the performance of the proposed SHA-256 algorithm when compared with various existing architectures. Its maximum clock frequency is 366 MHz, with a throughput of 1990 Mbps and an improved efficiency of 1.86 Mbps per slice.
A review of non-microbial biological control strategies against the Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Johnson Courtney L , Coyle David R , Duan Jian J , Lee Seunghwan , Lee Seunghyun , Wang Xiaoyi , Wang Xingeng , Oten Kelly L F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), is a polyphagous woodboring beetle that infests and damages hardwood host trees in Asia, Europe, and North America. Native to China and the Korean peninsula, ALB is invasive in both North America and Europe. Due to the large environmental and economic impacts associated with ALB, much effort has been placed on its management and eradication from invaded areas. Eradication programs consist of visual surveys, regulatory quarantines, host removal, public outreach and education, and in some cases, insecticides. Host removal is effective but is laborious and costly, and while insecticides have been useful as a component of some eradication programs, they can be expensive, ineffective, and environmentally detrimental. Thus, several arthropod biological control agents (BCAs) have been evaluated which could support a more environmentally friendly management strategy to supplement traditional ALB management tactics. Here, we review the biological control strategy for ALB, including the exploration within the native and invaded ranges of the pest, to find potential arthropod BCAs. We discuss the ecological premise behind the method as well as the potential for its success, and we identify knowledge gaps and future considerations for the enactment of this method. While biological control shows promise, care will be needed in utilizing this method, and further research must explore the success of BCAs in field settings.
Spillover effects from agglomeration in seafood exports
Authors: Asche Frank , Landazuri-Tveteraas Ursula , Oglend Atle , Santika Nita , Straume Hans-Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Agglomeration externality is a feature that has received limited attention in food production supply chains. Using highly disaggregated trade data, this paper investigates the presence of regional agglomeration effects in Norwegian seafood exports. Results indicate strong agglomeration effects in the exports of both farmed and harvested seafood at the region–product–destination level. Regional agglomeration of exporters affects the firms through different margins. In both industries, increased agglomeration results in larger volumes, while aquaculture exporters experience a small, negative, price effect. The largest firms, both in the number of employees and size of product portfolio, export most. We also document that agglomeration is important in explaining the creation of new regional product-destination-specific trade relationships, indicating the presence of regional spillover effects.
Intermarriage and mortality among Finnish migrants in Sweden: a prospective register study using binational data
Authors: Korhonen Kaarina , Cederström Agneta , Martikainen Pekka , Östergren Olof 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Conjugal ties may contribute to a convergence of health behaviours between migrants and natives, but the association between intermarriage and health outcomes remains understudied. We investigated mortality patterns among Finnish migrants in Sweden according to the spouse’s country of birth and compared these patterns with those observed in the native populations of both Sweden and Finland. Leveraging register data from Sweden and Finland, we identified all married Finnish migrants aged 40–64 and their spouses in Sweden in 1999 and corresponding reference groups in both countries. We used a combination of direct matching and inverse probability weighting to adjust for sociodemographic differences between the groups. We followed individuals for all-cause, alcohol-related, smoking-related, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality during 2000–17. Accounting for sociodemographic characteristics, Finnish migrant men married to Swedish-born as opposed to Finnish-born spouses showed lower all-cause [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90–0.98], and CVD mortality (IRR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.95), levels more akin to native Swedes. Migrant women with Swedish-born spouses instead had higher smoking-related mortality (IRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.24–1.61) than those married to Finnish-born spouses, mirroring the higher smoking-related mortality of native Swedish women. Individual-level regression analysis on migrants further indicated lower alcohol-related mortality for intermarried men, adjusted for duration of marriage (IRR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56–0.98). These findings suggest that intermarriage with a native spouse can facilitate the convergence of health behaviours and behaviour-related mortality between migrants and natives.
“Evolution of a combined baccalaureate/medical degree program as a pipeline to primary care: retention strategies and lessons learned”
Authors: Knottenbelt Sushilla Z , Ballejos Marlene P , Torrez Diana , Santos Richard , Hartley Rebecca S , Cartwright Kate , Fortner Sally A , Sapién Robert E , Romero-Leggott Valerie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The University of New Mexico School of Medicine established the combined baccalaureate/medical degree (BA/MD) program in response to critical physician shortages in New Mexico (NM). This 8-year program aims to improve health care in NM by expanding access to medical education for local students, particularly from rural and underserved communities and/or racial/ethnically underrepresented in medicine (URiM) in NM.

Objectives
To describe the BA/MD program’s initial design, the impact of improvements on retention, and the outcomes in terms of physicians in practice, particularly in primary care specialties.

Methods
The study reviews the BA/MD program’s progress from 2006 to 2023, focusing on curriculum and support enhancements. Retention rates and choice of primary care specialties were analyzed by geographic origin and racial/ethnic background.

Results
From 2006 to 2023, the program graduated 81 physicians, with 53 practicing in 10 of NM’s 33 counties. Approximately two-thirds specialize in primary care, and a similar proportion are URiM. Students from 31 of NM’s 33 counties were admitted, with two-thirds coming from outside the state’s metropolitan area. Overall retention and retention across demographic groups improved significantly in the baccalaureate phase of the program due to changes in curriculum and support services.

Conclusions
The program has effectively addressed physician shortages in NM, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Its success in training and retaining physicians from diverse backgrounds, with a focus on primary care, is crucial for improving health care access in the state. Ongoing improvements in the program are essential to sustaining and enhancing these outcomes.
Why HPV16? Why, now, HPV42? How the discovery of HPV42 in rare cancers provides an opportunity to challenge our understanding about the transition between health and disease for common members of the healthy microbiota
Authors: Bravo Ignacio G , Belkhir Sophia , Paget-Bailly Philippe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In 2022, a bioinformatic, agnostic approach identified HPV42 as causative agent of a rare cancer, later confirmed experimentally. This unexpected association offers an opportunity to reconsider our understanding about papillomavirus infections and cancers. We have expanded our knowledge about the diversity of papillomaviruses and the diseases they cause. Yet, we still lack answers to fundamental questions, such as what makes HPV16 different from the closely related HPV31 or HPV33; or why the very divergent HPV13 and HPV32 cause focal epithelial hyperplasia, while HPV6 or HPV42 do not, despite their evolutionary relatedness. Certain members of the healthy skin microbiota are associated to rare clinical conditions. We propose that a focus on cellular phenotypes, most often transient and influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, may help understand the continuum between health and disease. A conceptual switch is required towards an interpretation of biology as a diversity of states connected by transition probabilities, rather than quasi-deterministic programs. Under this perspective, papillomaviruses may only trigger malignant transformation when specific viral genotypes interact with precise cellular states. Drawing on Canguilhem’s concepts of normal and pathological, we suggest that understanding the transition between fluid cellular states can illuminate how commensal-like infections transition from benign to malignant.
A mechanistic model for the complex conductivity of clay materials. I. Theory
Authors: Leroy Philippe , Maineult Alexis , Mendieta Aida , Jougnot Damien 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY
Clay materials are ubiquitous in the Earth's continental and oceanic crusts. They are characterized by a large specific surface area, and, in contact with water, they have remarkable adsorption, catalytic and containment properties. Clay materials also exhibit a high electrical conductivity response associated with their large surface. However, sedimentary clay minerals have a complex microstructure and electrochemistry that are not fully understood and make the quantitative petrophysical interpretation of geoelectrical measurements difficult. In this study, we have developed a new mechanistic model to better understand and predict the complex conductivity of clay materials from their microstructure and electrical double layer properties. For the conductive component, our model considers ion electromigration in bulk water, clay electrical diffuse layer and interlayer space, if any. Concerning polarization, it takes into account ion back-diffusion in the Stern layer and in the interlayer space, if any, and also Maxwell–Wagner effect. Water and clay surface conductivities, formation factor, cementation exponent and sample electrically connected porosity can be extracted from the comparison of the model to experimental data. This study is a step forward to better understand and quantify the complex conductivity of clays observed during electrical and electromagnetic measurements, from laboratory to geological formation scales.
Bee cups 2.0: P-cups as single-use cages for honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) experiments
Authors: Evans Jay D , Lamas Zachary , Markowitz Lindsey M , Palmer-Young Evan C , Ryabov Eugene V , Boncristiani Dawn , Chen Yan Ping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Honey bees and other pollinators face threats from pesticides, imperfect nutrition, and a diverse set of parasites and pathogens. Honey bees are also a research model for development, social behavior, microbiology, and aging. Tackling these questions requires a mix of in-hive and controlled laboratory experiments. We have perfected small-scale, inexpensive, disposable, and rearing arenas for honey bees that have proved useful for hundreds of bioassays with thousands of bees. We describe those arenas here, show their advantages over current hoarding cages, and provide videos demonstrating their many uses.