bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High oral corticosteroid exposure and overuse of short-acting beta-2-agonists were associated with insufficient prescribing of controller medication: a nationwide electronic prescribing and dispensing database analysis
Authors: Sá-Sousa Ana , Almeida Rute , Vicente Ricardo , Nascimento Nilton , Martins Henrique , Freitas Alberto , Fonseca João Almeida 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Recurrent use of oral corticosteroids (OCS) and over-use of short-acting beta-2-agonists (SABA) are factors associated with adverse side effects and asthma-related death. We aim to quantify high OCS exposure, SABA over-use and its association with prescription and adherence to maintenance treatment for respiratory disease, among patients with prescriptions for respiratory disease, from the Portuguese electronic prescription and dispensing database (BDNP).

Methods
This was a 1-year (2016) retrospective population-based analysis of a random sample of adult patients from the BDNP, the nationwide compulsory medication prescription system. We assessed high OCS exposure (dispensing ≥ 4 packages containing 20 doses of 20 mg each of prednisolone-equivalent, ≥ 1600 mg/year) on patients on persistent respiratory treatment (PRT-prescription for > 2 packages of any respiratory maintenance medications). Excessive use of SABA was defined as having a ratio of SABA-to-maintenance treatment > 1 or having SABA over-use (dispensing of > 1 × 200 dose canister/month, of 100 μg of salbutamol-equivalent). Factors associated with high OCS exposure were assessed by multinomial logistic regression.

Results
The estimated number of patients on PRT was 4786/100,000 patients. OCS was prescribed to more than 1/5 of the patients on PRT and 101/100,000 were exposed to a high-dose (≥ 1600 mg/year). SABA excessive use was found in 144/100,000 patients and SABA over-use in 24/100,000. About 1/6 of SABA over-users were not prescribed any controller medication and 7% of them had a ratio maintenance-to-total ≥ 70% (high prescription of maintenance treatment). Primary adherence (median%) to controller medication was 66.7% for PRT patients, 59.6% for patients exposed to high OCS dose and 75.0% for SABA over-users. High OCS exposure or SABA over-use were not associated with primary adherence. High OCS exposure was associated with a maintenance-to-total medication ratio < 70% (insufficient prescription of maintenance treatment), age > 45 years old and male sex.

Conclusions
Exposure to high-dose of OCS (101 per 100,000 patients) and SABA over-use (24 per 100,000) were frequent, and were associated with a low maintenance-to-total prescription ratio but not with primary non-adherence. These results suggest there is a need for initiatives to reduce OCS and SABA inappropriate prescribing.
Estimation of Compressive Strength and Member Size of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Using Stress Wave-Driven Nondestructive Test Methods
Authors: Hong Seonguk , Kim Seunghun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Among fiber-reinforced composites, steel fiber has been widely-used for concrete infrastructure such as silos, tunnels, specifically aiming at reducing the weight of concrete and enhancing its strength by overcoming the brittleness. However, there is still little known about appropriate quality management and applicability assessment for steel fiber composites. This study fills this knowledge gap by testing the possibility of maintenance through steel fiber concrete thickness estimation and assessing the applicability of the quality management instrument. To this end, this study utilizes two different stress wave-driven non-destructive test methods: ultrasonic pulse velocity and impact-echo methods. The ultrasonic pulse velocity method was employed to estimate the compressive strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete, while the impact-echo method was applied to estimate the thickness of various steel fiber reinforced concrete members. As a quality management factor of concrete, correlations between steel fiber mixing ratios and compressive strengths were experimentally explored and validated by error ratios for twenty-four specimens. The reliability was relatively high overall. The average error rate of all the specimens with steel fiber mixing ratios of 0, 0.75 and 1% was 3.36%. Accordingly, the results prove the applicability of the non-destructive test methods for building quality management.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of anaemia among women attending antenatal and post-natal clinics at a public health facility in Ghana
Authors: Kofie Philip , Tarkang Elvis E. , Manu Emmanuel , Amu Hubert , Ayanore Martin Amogre , Aku Fortress Yayra , Komesuor Joyce , Adjuik Martin , Binka Fred , Kweku Margaret 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Anaemia among pregnant women and post-partum mothers is a public health challenge in Ghana, especially in the Volta Region. While literature abounds on anaemia among pregnant women, the same cannot be said for anaemia among post-partum mothers in the region. This study, therefore, examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of anaemia among women attending antenatal care and post-natal care.

Methods
This descriptive cross-sectional survey recruited 409 pregnant women and 194 post-natal mothers attending antenatal and post-natal care, at the Hohoe Municipal Hospital. Background characteristics were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, blood samples were analysed for the presence of anaemia and malaria parasitaemia and folders were reviewed for estimated blood loss.

Results
We found the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women and post-partum mothers to be 33 and 16% respectively. Higher malaria parasitaemia (2%) was found in pregnant women compared with postpartum mothers (1%). We found that 4% of post-partum mothers had abnormal blood loss (301mls-500mls) whereas 5% of them had postpartum haemorrhage (>500mls) during child birth. A univariate logistics regression of anaemia status on some risk factors in pregnant women showed no significant association between anaemia and any of the risk factors. Among post-partum mothers, only mothers’ age was statistically significant in the univariate analysis [COR = 0.27 (95% CI:0.103, 0.72);0.008]. Mothers aged 20–29 were 73% less likely to be anaemic.

Conclusion
The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women found in this study points to a situation of moderate public health problem according to WHO cut-off values for the public health significance of anaemia. Strategies should therefore be put in place to encourage thorough health education and promotion programmes among both pregnant and post-partum women.
Redirecting differentiation of mammary progenitor cells by 3D bioprinted sweat gland microenvironment
Authors: Wang Rui , Wang Yihui , Yao Bin , Hu Tian , Li Zhao , Liu Yufan , Cui Xiaoli , Cheng Liuhanghang , Song Wei , Huang Sha , Fu Xiaobing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Mammary progenitor cells (MPCs) maintain their reproductive potency through life, and their specific microenvironments exert a deterministic control over these cells. MPCs provides one kind of ideal tools for studying engineered microenvironmental influence because of its accessibility and continually undergoes postnatal developmental changes. The aim of our study is to explore the critical role of the engineered sweat gland (SG) microenvironment in reprogramming MPCs into functional SG cells.

Methods
We have utilized a three-dimensional (3D) SG microenvironment composed of gelatin-alginate hydrogels and components from mouse SG extracellular matrix (SG-ECM) proteins to reroute the differentiation of MPCs to study the functions of this microenvironment. MPCs were encapsulated into the artificial SG microenvironment and were printed into a 3D cell-laden construct. The expression of specific markers at the protein and gene levels was detected after cultured 14 days.

Results
Compared with the control group, immunofluorescence and gene expression assay demonstrated that MPCs encapsulated in the bioprinted 3D-SG microenvironment could significantly express the functional marker of mouse SG, sodium/potassium channel protein ATP1a1, and tend to express the specific marker of luminal epithelial cells, keratin-8. When the Shh pathway is inhibited, the expression of SG-associated proteins in MPCs under the same induction environment is significantly reduced.

Conclusions
Our evidence proved the ability of differentiated mouse MPCs to regenerate SG cells by engineered SG microenvironment in vitro and Shh pathway was found to be correlated with the changes in the differentiation. These results provide insights into regeneration of damaged SG by MPCs and the role of the engineered microenvironment in reprogramming cell fate.
Trends in diagnostic prevalence and treatment patterns of male and female ankylosing spondylitis patients in the United States, 2006–2016
Authors: Walsh Jessica , Hunter Theresa , Schroeder Krista , Sandoval David , Bolce Rebecca 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere has been much variation between epidemiological studies that report the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic prevalence rates and treatment patterns of male and female AS patients in the United States adult insured population from 2006 to 2016.MethodsTrends in AS prevalence were calculated for the 11-year period covering January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016. Adult (18+ years old) AS patients were included in this retrospective analysis of medical and pharmacy claims data from the IBM Marketscan Commercial, Medicaid and Medicare-Supplemental Claims database. Prevalence was determined as having ≥1 AS diagnostic codes (ICD-9:720.0; ICD-10:M45.x). Trends in treatment patterns were also analyzed and stratified by gender.ResultsThe AS prevalence increased from 0.04 to 0.09% from 2006 to 2016. The mean age between 2006 and 2016 ranged from 49.52–50.00 years. In 2006, approximately 40% of AS patients were female, while in 2016 over 47% of AS patients were female. Rates of use of TNF inhibitors and oral glucocorticoids increased, while NSAIDs and non-biologic DMARDs (sulfasalazine & methotrexate) rates decreased. Opioid use rates were stable. In 2016, males were more likely to be prescribed biologics, while females were more likely to be prescribed methotrexate, sulfasalazine, NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, opioids, and glucocorticoids.ConclusionsThe prevalence of AS diagnosis codes more than doubled between 2006 and 2016, but the very low prevalence suggests that AS continues to be underdiagnosed and under-addressed in routine clinical practice. Despite the increase in female AS patients, females were less likely to be prescribed biologics compared to male AS patients.
Value of mNGS in sonication fluid for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Zhang Chongjing , Fang Xinyu , Huang Zida , Li Wenbo , Zhang Chao-fan , Yang Bin , Zhang Wenming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) using the sonication fluid from removed prosthesis.MethodsIn this prospective diagnostic cohort study, 44 patients who underwent revision arthroplasty in our hospital from December 2016 to December 2018 were screened. Seven cases were excluded due to incomplete clinical data, insufficient synovial fluid or failure of sequencing. According to the PJI diagnostic criteria recommended by the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS), the patients were defined as PJI or aseptic failure (AF). Conventional culture, sonication fluid culture and mNGS were performed, in order to assess the value of mNGS using sonication fluid for the diagnosis of PJI, and the mNGS results were analyzed and compared with the conventional and sonication fluid culture.ResultsAmong the 37 patients, 24 were diagnosed with PJI (64.86%), while 13 were diagnosed with aseptic failure. Among the 24 patients diagnosed with PJI, 15 cases (62.5%), 17 cases (70.8%) and 24 cases (100%) yielded positive results in conventional culture, sonication fluid culture and mNGS, respectively. In addition, mNGS detected the same pathogenic microorganisms in 16 out of the 17 (94.12%) culture-positive (conventional + sonication fluid) PJI cases. In the only one discrepancy case,Enterococcus faecaliswas identified in the cultures, whileEnterobacter cloacaewas detected by mNGS. In the AF group, the results of the conventional culture were all negative. Nevertheless,Staphylococcus epidermidiswas detected in the sonication fluid culture and mNGS in one case. The diagnostic sensitivity of mNGS for PJI was 100%, which was significantly higher than 70.83% (P = 0.039) of the sonication fluid culture and 62.5% (P = 0.021) of the conventional culture. The diagnostic specificity of mNGS for PJI was 92.31%, which was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of the conventional culture (100%) and sonication fluid culture (92.31%).ConclusionWe demonstrated that mNGS using sonication fluid can improve the detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms and provide valuable information for the diagnosis of PJI. In addition, mNGS can effectively identify pathogenic microorganisms in culture-negative PJIs cases, especially for the cases who have been treated with antibiotics before sample acquisition or have fastidious microorganisms. Therefore, this method can potentially help to guide the clinical use of antibiotics.
Applied and problem-oriented aspects and approaches of optimizing the motivation of professional activity
Authors: Никитина Татьяна , Nikitina Tatyana 
Published: September 2019

The object of the work is the motivation of professional activity, its enhancement and stimulation. The subject are techniques and methods of psychological, educational, and other value-orienting activities aimed at the formation and provision of professional-relevant motivation. The purpose of the research is to establish and define the basis of professional motivation, consideration of applied and problem-oriented aspects and approaches to optimize problem solving, increase professional motivation. The research methodology represents a complex of general scientific and private scientific methods of scientific cognition: dialectic, historical legal, comparative legal, system analysis, formal logical, sociological, etc. motivation of professional activity. The use of the system analysis method contributed to determine the place of motivation among other factors determining the content of professional activity.
The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in the obtained new knowledge as a result of the research by the author of the traditional doctrinal approach to the consideration of the main institutional and functional foundations of the existing system of professional motivation. The formulated main provisions of the work allow defining reasonable approaches to studying and analyzing the practice of organizing and ensuring the motivation of professional activity, form an idea of the place of motivation as one of the key elements of the system of preparation for professional activity at the present stage of existence and improve the system of personnel training, theory and practice of personnel work .
Действие группы преобразований на показатель качества регрессионной модели
Authors: Пономарев Игорь Викторович 
Published: September 2019

Построение функциональных зависимостей между наблюдаемыми явлениями представляет собой важное направление современной прикладной математики. Основой таких построений зачастую является статистический массив данных. От качества этих данных напрямую зависит адекватность получаемых моделей. В общем случае приходится выбирать одну из возможных моделей, основываясь на некотором показателе. Однако полученные выборки могут быть и тождественными, но построенные модели будут отличаться.
Рассматривается один из методов построения линейной регрессии — метод наименьших квадратов. Изучается задача об изменении функционала качества регрессионной модели при ортогональном преобразовании исходного множества данных. Дается геометрическая интерпретация самой регрессионной модели и ее функционала качества, а также статистического показателя связи между переменными — коэффициента корреляции. В явном виде представлены формулы, показывающие зависимость между функционалами качества при вращении множества относительно одной из осей координат в дву- и трехмерном пространствах. Основываясь на полученных формулах, приводится алгоритм, позволяющий получать значение функционала качества при любом собственном движении n-мерного пространства.
Thyroid radiation pathology in children and adolescents. Lecture 1. The effect of small doses and the concept of the risk of the long-term consequences of the Chernobyl disaster
Authors: Kasatkina E. P. , Shilin D. E. 
Published: September 2019

The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (Chernobyl nuclear power plant) on April 26, 1986, in terms of its scope and totality of consequences, is the largest nuclear disaster of our time, a nationwide disaster affecting the fate of millions of people living in vast territories.
The Chernobyl disaster is one of the global in the history of human civilization. It is widely recognized that it entailed a variety of widespread social consequences and medical problems. The unprecedented nature of a nuclear accident is primarily associated with irradiation of the thyroid gland in many people, especially children, with radioactive iodine.
Radiation pathology of the thyroid gland lecture 2. Iodine blockade in accidents at nuclear production
Authors: Kasatkina E. P. , Shilin D. E. 
Published: September 2019

Currently, more than 400 nuclear power plants (NPPs) are operating on the planet, more than 100 are under construction. In addition, a large number of individual nuclear reactors operate. By 1990, 46 power units at 15 nuclear power plants were operating in the territory of the former USSR, 111 reactors in the United States and another 12 are under construction.
Hundreds of tons of uranium oxide are loaded into nuclear reactors. Therefore, during the generation of atomic energy, they accumulate a huge amount of radioactive substances (RS), formed during the physical decay of the nuclei of fuel atoms. Reactors are primarily a potential source of radiation hazard and the release of radioactive substances contained in them into the environment and the human body.
Applying He's variational iteration method to FRW cosmology
Authors: K.Shchigolev V. 
Published: September 2019

This work is devoted to the investigation of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmological models with the help of the so-called Variational Iteration Method (VIM). For this end, we briefly recall the main equations of the cosmological models and the basic idea of VIM. In order to approbate the VIM in FRW cosmology and demonstrate the main steps in solving by this method, we consider the test example of the universe with dust for which the exact solution of the model is known. Then, a solution for the spatially flat FRW model of the universe filled with the dust and quintessence is obtained when the exact analytic solution cannot be found. A comparison of our solution with the corresponding numerical solution shows that it is of a high degree of accuracy. Moreover, the Dynamical System Analysis to the dynamics of the homogeneous and isotropic FRW universes is used as a special case of generalized Lotkaâ€“Volterra system where the competitive species are the barotropic fluids filling the Universe. With the help of VIM, we have found the iterative formulae for the density parameters of the cosmological analog of the generalized Lotkaâ€“Volterra set of equations. All solutions illustrated graphically by means of Maple software.Â Â
Marco español para la dirección escolar e identidad profesional: Contexto, desarrollo e implicaciones
Authors: Bolívar Antonio 
Published: September 2019

El artículo describe ampliamente el contexto singular de la dirección escolar en España (escasa estabilidad, identidad profesional, falta de liderazgo pedagógico) y las razones que han llevado a que los propios directores, agrupados por las Federaciones de sus Asociaciones regionales (FEDADi, FEDEIP, FEAE), hayan considerado necesario elaborar un “Marco Español para Buena Dirección escolar” (MEBD) en los dos últimos años (2016-2018). Pero, más allá de esto, junto a otros factores, se quiere poner de manifiesto el contexto a que responde y las funciones que puede desempeñar para potenciar el liderazgo pedagógico de la dirección escolar. Desde una mirada comparativa y global se describe su relación con otros marcos iberoamericanos (Chile y Perú) y anglosajones, así como detalladamente la estructura y contenido del propio Marco español. Se analiza el sentido y funcionalidad que el MEBD puede representar para visibilizar una identidad profesional de la dirección escolar, al tiempo que demanda un necesario profesionalismo, como práctica específica que debe ser realizada de acuerdo con las competencias y estándares que especifica el MEBD. Más allá de regulaciones cambiantes, al arbitrio de las decisiones políticas, el MEBD aspira a configurarse como una referencia estable, como regulación interna de la profesión, al modo de códigos deontológicos de buenas prácticas. En sus implicaciones, este Marco requiere y demanda, paralelamente, unas condiciones estructurales (de recursos, autonomía, profesionalización) para que una buena dirección sea posible. Al tiempo, pretende orientar los procesos de selección, formación (inicial y permanente), evaluación de la dirección y su reconocimiento.
SLUM REVITALIZING PLAN OF BAGHDADIYAH BY SPATIAL RE-MODELING CONFIGURATION
Authors: Taki Herika Muhamad 
Published: September 2019

Baghdadiyah is a neighborhood of Jeddah Downtown, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Inhabitants of this area come from multi-ethnic and mostly low-income residents. The high density of the area affects land use more concisable. Consequently, the beauty of the city which was used to be historic sites of Jeddah is down-grading. This study proposed to revitalize city plan for a better quality of life. The aim of this study was to re-shape a slum area and to improve the spatial configuration of urban structure based on the recent condition. The method involved several approaches: recognizing a theoretical basic concept of the slum, applying spatial re-configuration, analyzing the existing conditions and re-constructing new syntactical properties. The result of this study shared a new design of slum revitalizing plan for Baghdadiyah configuring dominated patterns of integration and connection. Adequate transport networks would reshape the city building profile.
Sign-changing multi-bump solutions for the Chern-Simons-Schrödinger equations in ℝ2
Authors: Chen Zhi , Tang Xianhua , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper we consider the nonlinear Chern-Simons-Schrödinger equations with general nonlinearity

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
-{\it\Delta} u+\lambda V(|x|)u+\left(\frac{h^2(|x|)}{|x|^2}+\int\limits^{\infty}_{|x|}\frac{h(s)}{s}u^2(s)ds\right)u=f(u),\,\, x\in\mathbb R^2,
\end{array}$$
where λ > 0, V is an external potential and

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
h(s)=\frac{1}{2}\int\limits^s_0ru^2(r)dr=\frac{1}{4\pi}\int\limits_{B_s}u^2(x)dx
\end{array}$$
is the so-called Chern-Simons term. Assuming that the external potential V is nonnegative continuous function with a potential well Ω := int V–1(0) consisting of k + 1 disjoint components Ω0, Ω1, Ω2 ⋯, Ωk, and the nonlinearity f has a general subcritical growth condition, we are able to establish the existence of sign-changing multi-bump solutions by using variational methods. Moreover, the concentration behavior of solutions as λ → +∞ are also considered.