bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Text messaging to engage friends/family in diabetes self-management support: acceptability and potential to address disparities
Authors: Mayberry Lindsay S , Bergner Erin M , Harper Kryseana J , Laing Simone , Berg Cynthia A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
Explore acceptability of engaging family/friends in patients’ type 2 diabetes (T2D) self-management using text messaging.

Materials and Methods
Participants (N = 123) recruited from primary care clinics for a larger trial evaluating mobile phone support for T2D completed self-report measures and a hemoglobin A1c test and then had the option to invite an adult support person to receive text messages. We examined characteristics and reasons of participants who did/did not invite a support person, responses to the invitation, and feedback from patients and support persons.

Results
Participants were 55.9 ± 10.1 years old, 55% female, 53% minority, and 54% disadvantaged (low income, less than high school degree/GED, uninsured, and/or homeless). Participants who invited a support person (48%) were slightly younger, more likely to be partnered, and reported more depressive symptoms and more emergency department visits in the year prior to study enrollment as compared to participants who did not (all p &lt;.05). Participants’ reasons for inviting a support person included needing help and seeing benefits of engaging others, while reasons for not inviting a support person included concerns about being a “burden” and support person’s ability or desire to text. Support persons reported the texts increased awareness, created dialogue, and improved their own health behaviors.

Discussion
Patients inviting a support person had higher need and thus may stand to benefit most. Most support persons were open to engagement via text messages.

Conclusion
Across race and socioeconomic status, text messaging may engage support persons to increase health-related support—particularly for patients with higher levels of need.

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02409329.
The Impact of Introducing a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Consultation Service to an Academic Burn Center
Authors: Robinson Lawrence R , Godleski Matthew , Rehou Sarah , Jeschke Marc 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrior retrospective studies suggest that physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) acute care consultation improves outcome and reduces acute care length of stay (ACLOS) in trauma patients. There have not been prospective studies to evaluate this impact in burn patients. This cohort study compared outcomes before and after the introduction of a PM&R consultation service to the acute burn program, and the inpatient rehabilitation program, at a large academic hospital. The primary outcome measures were length of stay (LOS) in acute care and during subsequent inpatient rehabilitation. For the acute care phase, there were 194 patients in the preconsultation group and 114 who received a consultation. There was no difference in age, Baux score, or LOS in these patients. For the rehabilitation phase, there were 109 patients in the prephysiatrist group and 104 who received PM&R care. The LOS was significantly shorter in the latter group (24 days vs 30 days, P = .002). Functional independence measure (FIM) change, unexpected readmission, and discharge destination were not significantly different. The addition of a burn physiatrist did not influence ACLOS. However, there was a significant reduction in inpatient rehabilitation LOS.
Identification of Molecular Determinants of Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in California, USA
Authors: Liebman Kelly A , Billeter Sarah A , Yoshimizu Melissa Hardstone , Yang Fan , Metzger Marco E , Schildhauer Samuel , Payne Robert , Pakingan Mary Joyce , Hu Renjie , Kramer Vicki , Padgett Kerry A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The first breeding populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) were identified in California in 2013, and have since been detected in 13 counties. Recent studies suggest two introductions likely occurred, with genetically distinct populations in the central and southern regions of the state. Given the threat of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus transmission, it is imperative to understand if these populations harbor genes that could confer resistance to pyrethrin-based insecticides, known as pyrethroids, the most commonly used class of adulticides in the state. In 2017, the California Department of Public Health initiated a pesticide resistance screening program for Ae. aegypti to assess the presence of specific mutations on the sodium channel gene (V1016I and F1534C) associated with knockdown resistance to pyrethroids. Mosquitoes collected between 2015 and 2017 from 11 counties were screened for mutations using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Results revealed distinctly different resistance profiles between the central and southern regions. The central population displayed nearly fixed resistant mutations at both loci, whereas the southern population was more variable. The relative proportion of resistant alleles observed in sampled mosquitoes collected in southern California increased each year from 2015 through 2017, indicating potential increases in resistance across this region. The presence of these mutations indicates that these mosquitoes may be predisposed to surviving pyrethroid treatments. Additional biological and biochemical assays will help better elucidate the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance in California Ae. aegypti and prompt the use of pesticides that are most effective at controlling these mosquitoes.
Clinical Application of Metabolomics in Pancreatic Diseases: A Mini-Review
Authors: Gu Wang , Tong Zhong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Metabolomics is a powerful new analytical method to describe the set of metabolites within cellular tissue and bodily fluids. Metabonomics can uncover detailed information about metabolic changes in organisms. The morphology of these metabolites represents the metabolic processes that occur in cells, such as anabolism, catabolism, inhomogeneous natural absorption and metabolism, detoxification, and metabolism of biomass energy. Because the metabolites of different diseases are different, the specificity of the changes can be found by metabolomics testing, which provides a new source of biomarkers for the early identification of diseases and the difference between benign and malignant states. Metabolomics has a wide application potential in pancreatic diseases, including early detection, diagnosis, and identification of pancreatic diseases. However, there are few studies on metabolomics in pancreatic diseases in the literature. This article reviews the application of metabolomics in the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and evaluation of pancreatic diseases.
Comparisons of MHD propeller model with observations of cataclysmic variable AE Aqr
Authors: Blinova A A , Romanova M M , Ustyugova G V , Koldoba A V , Lovelace R V E 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
We have developed a numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of the propeller candidate star AE Aqr using axisymmetric MHD simulations. We suggest that AE Aqr is an intermediate polar-type star, where the magnetic field is relatively weak and an accretion disc may form around the white dwarf. The star is in the propeller regime, and many of its observational properties are determined by the disc–magnetosphere interaction. Comparisons of the characteristics of the observed versus modelled AE Aqr star show that the model can explain many observational properties of AE Aqr. In a representative model, the magnetic field of the star is B ≈ 3.3 × 105 G and the time-averaged accretion rate in the disc is 5.5 × 1016 g s−1. Most of this matter is ejected into conically shaped winds. The numerical model explains the rapid spin-down of AE Aqr through the outflow of angular momentum from the surface of the star to the wind, corona, and disc. The energy budget in the outflows, 9 × 1033 erg s−1, is sufficient for explaining the observed flaring radiation in different wavebands. The time-scale of ejections into the wind matches the short time-scale variability in the light curves of AE Aqr.
Understanding the evolution of Atira-class asteroid 2019 AQ3, a major step towards the future discovery of the Vatira population
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos C , de la Fuente Marcos R 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Orbiting the Sun at an average distance of 0.59 au and with the shortest aphelion of any known minor body, at 0.77 au, the Atira-class asteroid 2019 AQ3 may be an orbital outlier or perhaps an early indication of the presence of a new population of objects: those following orbits entirely encompassed within that of Venus, the so-called Vatiras. Here, we explore the orbital evolution of 2019 AQ3 within the context of the known Atiras to show that, like many of them, it displays a present-day conspicuous coupled oscillation of the values of eccentricity and inclination, but no libration of the value of the argument of perihelion with respect to the invariable plane of the Solar system. The observed dynamics is consistent with being the result of the combined action of two dominant perturbers, the Earth–Moon system and Jupiter, and a secondary one, Venus. Such a multiperturber-induced secular dynamics translates into a chaotic evolution that can eventually lead to a resonant behaviour of the Lidov–Kozai type. Asteroid 2019 AQ3 may have experienced brief stints as a Vatira in the relatively recent past and it may become a true Vatira in the future, outlining possible dynamical pathways that may transform Atiras into Vatiras and vice versa. Our results strongly suggest that 2019 AQ3 is only the tip of the iceberg: a likely numerous population of similar bodies may remain hidden in plain sight, permanently confined inside the Sun’s glare.
High-resolution radiative transfer modelling of M33
Authors: Williams Thomas G , Baes Maarten , De Looze Ilse , Relaño Monica , Smith Matthew W L , Verstocken Sam , Viaene Sébastien 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
In this work, we characterize the contributions from both ongoing star formation and the ambient radiation field in Local Group galaxy M33, as well as estimate the scale of the local dust-energy balance (i.e. the scale at which the dust is re-emitting starlight generated in that same region) in this galaxy through high-resolution radiative transfer (RT) modelling, with defined stellar and dust geometries. We have characterized the spectral energy distribution (SED) of M33 from UV to sub-mm wavelengths, at a spatial scale of 100 pc. We constructed input maps of the various stellar and dust geometries for use in the RT modelling. By modifying our dust mix (fewer very small carbon grains and a lower silicate-to-carbon ratio as compared to the Milky Way), we can much better fit the sub-mm dust continuum. Using this new dust composition, we find that we are able to well reproduce the observed SED of M33 using our adopted model. In terms of stellar attenuation by dust, we find a reasonably strong, broad UV bump, as well as significant systematic differences in the amount of dust attenuation when compared to standard SED modelling. We also find discrepancies in the residuals of the spiral arms versus the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM), indicating a difference in properties between these two regimes. The dust emission is dominated by heating due to the young stellar populations at all wavelengths (∼80 per cent at 10 $\mu$m  to ∼50 per cent at 1 mm). We find that the local dust-energy balance is restored at spatial scales greater than around 1.5 kpc.
tRNAviz: explore and visualize tRNA sequence features
Authors: Lin Brian Y , Chan Patricia P , Lowe Todd M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are ubiquitous across the tree of life. Although tRNA structure is highly conserved, there is still significant variation in sequence features between clades, isotypes and even isodecoders. This variation not only impacts translation, but as shown by a variety of recent studies, nontranslation-associated functions are also sensitive to small changes in tRNA sequence. Despite the rapidly growing number of sequenced genomes, there is a lack of tools for both small- and large-scale comparative genomics analysis of tRNA sequence features. Here, we have integrated over 150 000 tRNAs spanning all domains of life into tRNAviz, a web application for exploring and visualizing tRNA sequence features. tRNAviz implements a framework for determining consensus sequence features and can generate sequence feature distributions by isotypes, clades and anticodons, among other tRNA properties such as score. All visualizations are interactive and exportable. The web server is publicly available at http://trna.ucsc.edu/tRNAviz/.
Protection
Authors: Sergio Gamonal C. , Rosado Marzán César F. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 2 describes the protective principle and in dubio pro operario in Latin America, namely, in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. It also describes worker protection in International Labor Organization (ILO) instruments and other international human rights texts. It then searches for the protective principle and in dubio pro operario in the United States. It argues that the protective principle can be found in the Thirteenth Amendment, the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The Thirteenth Amendment bans involuntary servitude and mandates Congress to protect free labor. The chapter even finds something akin to in dubio pro operario in the general way that U.S. jurisprudence calls for “liberal” interpretations of statutes that derogate the common law. It further finds the protective principle in U.S. purposive methods of statutory interpretation, applied by some judges. However, those broad, purposive, worker-protective interpretations of the law have given way to more reluctant and narrow readings of the labor laws—and without good reasons. Finally, we address how employment at will narrows worker protection in the United States. While U.S. labor law has grown less labor protective, judges could reverse existing jurisprudence through the existing legal texts. Some statutory reform is, however, desirable, especially if anchored in the Thirteenth Amendment and if it derogates employment at will.
Nonwaiver
Authors: Sergio Gamonal C. , Rosado Marzán César F. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 describes the principle of nonwaiver in Latin America focusing on Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. It posits that employers and workers cannot waive labor rights, given by law, through contract. It shows how the principle is expressly stated in some positive law, in court opinions, and in legal scholarship. It also details how the principle is typically applied in controversies over contract terms and claim settlements. The chapter also shows that the principle surfaces in Latin American cases related to contract modification and novation, even when such contracts contain terms that meet or exceed minimum labor standards. Second, the chapter finds a nonwaiver principle in the United States, mostly in its protection of free labor under the Thirteenth Amendment and in the positive labor law and jurisprudence. However, the chapter also focuses on the particular problem of so-called “procedural” waivers sanctioned by the U.S. Supreme Court’s coerced readings of the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA). The U.S. Supreme Court permits employers to require employees to sign agreements to arbitrate legal claims, even if those legal claims are class or collective in scope. Evidence clearly shows that such “procedural waivers” undermine substantial labor rights. Because the U.S. Supreme Court has already ruled on the issue, we argue that such waivers need to either be legally banned or regulated by Congress, under its Thirteenth Amendment authority, so as to not undo workers’ rights in the United States and force workers to agree to terms they likely oppose. In fact, we argue that regulated arbitration might actually help to create legitimate labor courts in the United States, which that country still lacks.
The Return of Labor Principles: Conflict or Harmony?
Authors: Sergio Gamonal C. , Rosado Marzán César F. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 acknowledges that labor law principles are not the end-all for all labor law cases and controversies. Labor law may conflict with other laws and their principles, complicating adjudication. The chapter discusses two major conflicts between labor law and other law, particularly in the United States, but likely also present elsewhere: constitutional rights concerning property and free speech. The U.S. Supreme Court has held in ways that essentially sustain that labor law conflicts with property rights and free speech and, in addition, must cede space to property rights and free speech. The U.S. doctrine of permanent strike replacements, which violates international labor standards, is based on protecting employer property rights. The recent Janus v. AFSCME decision outlawing compulsory union service fees in the public sector is based on protecting individual free speech. But such conflicts need not be. By understanding labor law principles and how labor norms operate, we should recognize that labor law protects workers’ property rights and their capacity to consume, which better guarantees the health of capitalism and societal property rights generally. Moreover, labor law provides a voice to workers, who would be otherwise subordinated. As long as labor norms stem from democratic processes, labor norms should respect constitutional free speech rights. Labor law can thus live side by side with important constitutional principles. Given the importance of property rights and free speech in contemporary, liberal societies, the U.S. case can help warn other jurisdictions from heading down the same erroneous jurisprudential path.
The Open BoxAchille Castiglioni and the Architecture of Television
Authors: Lavin Sylvia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the exhibition design and architecture that Achille Castiglioni completed in the 1950s and 1960s for the Italian television network RAI. The author demonstrates how these projects adumbrate the elements of a design culture uniquely suited to the speed and rapid change of the television medium. She explicates the work of Castiglioni in relation to the contemporaneous discussion of media by semiotician Umberto Eco. Castiglioni’s television sets were just some of the many objects he designed to fill a well-appointed interior. Yet his way of working and thinking about design in the era of information also laid the foundation for developing a radically social and participatory understanding of the end user, one that ultimately made it possible to assign architecture new forms of value, even in the context of consumer society. The most acute transformations to architecture in the era of television did not result in a reconfigured window or facilitate the domestication of a new optical toy replete with reality effects, although both of those things certainly took place. Instead, television triggered a wave of thinking about the emergence of a communications environment that recalibrated the speed, recalculated the membership, and redefined the “nature” of architecture as a world space and an open work.
Conclusion
Authors: Bamyeh Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The conclusion addresses some key characteristics of Islam in connection with sociology of religion. In particular, it explores the idea of religion as a historically emerging compromise amongst a myriad of populations; the dynamics by which ethical standpoints emerge out of metaphysical contemplation; and the dialectics of love and fear as approaches to divinity. On the basis of these discussions it introduces the notion of Islam as a “reserve discourse” that is called upon to solve social and political problems not as a first option, but only when other discourses have fared poorly. The modern problems that were addressed in the book include social solidarity; participatory ethics; political legitimation; social justice; and civic ethics.
Introduction
Authors: Salmon Pierre 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This introductory chapter presents the mechanism of political yardstick competition and provides an overview of the following chapters. The presentation of the mechanism includes indications on its recognition in the 1980s in the context of decentralization and fiscal federalism and comments on the literature that developed since then. Among the comments it is argued in particular that two elements in the contribution of the core research program are in reality disjoint. Only praise is needed about the empirical element, which has exploited in an inventive way the tools of spatial econometrics. However, the theoretical element has been generally developed in a game-theoretic framework dependent on the assumption of a single representative voter. Doing without that framework and assumption is a distinctive feature of the alternative approach adopted in the book. This is necessary above all to increase the plausibility and relevance of yardstick competition, in particular as a latent force constraining policy-making.
A characterization of political yardstick competition
Authors: Salmon Pierre 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The characterization of yardstick competition elaborated in this chapter and adopted throughout the book starts from a distinctive critical assumption about the agency setting in which it operates. In this electoral agency setting, the principals are the individual members of large heterogeneous electorates or, more generally, large populations of citizens. Individual voters or citizens differ in how they interpret their role and incumbents can treat citizens’ response to their actions as a non-strategic aggregate relation between comparative performance and expected electoral support. The chapter goes on to show that the difficulties associated with this hypothesis are mitigated by the crucial assumption that voter response is not linear but S-shaped—the effects of insignificance, ambiguity, or confusion on the aggregate response tend to dissipate when differences in comparative performance get larger. The possibility is also acknowledged that in real-world settings, depending on circumstances, the mechanism may not work.
Two heuristic models
Authors: Salmon Pierre 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Two heuristic models are presented in this chapter. The first shows how yardstick competition may have an influence on the allocation of government’s efforts, in particular how it may reorient it from transactions with interest categories to broader concerns such as economic growth. Extensions of the model concern the possible influence of yardstick competition on domestic institutions such as checks and balances and its implications for international political relations, in particular international leadership. One effect of yardstick competition is to maintain policy-making within some bounds. What factors determine these bounds? The second model suggests a rough division of these determinants into two categories, related to information and political institutions respectively. The determinants are summarized in a checklist that may be useful in particular for analyzing persistent low economic growth.