bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caring behavior and associated factors among nurses working in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Oromia, South West Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Oluma Adugna , Abadiga Muktar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
BACK GROUND

Caring behaviors are actions concerned with the wellbeing of the patients such as sensitivity, comforting, attentive listening, honest and nonjudgmental acceptance. Nurses have an opportunity to convey caring and feeling being cared through their behavior. Behavior associated with caring has a paramount role in linking nursing interaction to the client in experiences but, the concept is ambiguous and elusive toward different scholars to reach on common understanding which is myth in dealing with caring behavior. Only a few studies have been done on the caring behavior and associated factors globally, and no study was done in this study area.

OBJECTIVE

To assess caring behavior and its associated factors among nurses working in Jimma University specialized hospital, south west Ethiopia.

METHODS

An institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of 224 nurses working in Jimma university specialized hospital from March 20-April 20, 2019. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics including frequency table, mean, standard deviation and percentage were employed. Bivariate and multiple linear regression analysis were used with regression coefficient (β), coefficient of determinant (R2), CI 95% and p<0.05 were used for statistical significance.

RESULTS

The overall proportion of nurses caring behavior was 80.3% which was mostly measured in terms of professional –technical (82.9%) and psychosocial (81.3%) dimension. Job satisfaction as personal satisfaction (beta=1.12, p=0.00), professional satisfaction, (beta=1.07, p=0.00), joint participation in caring process (beta=0.58, p=0.00,) satisfaction with nurse management (beta=0.85, p=00) were significantly associated with caring behavior.

CONCLUSION

The proportion of nurse’s who had high perception of caring behavior was found to be lower. Thus, all predictors have their own effect on enhancing job satisfaction, improving and creating conducive management and working environment to increase caring behavior. Further comparative studies involving multidisciplinary and patient point of view were recommended.
Towards a Digital Health Curriculum for Health Workforce for the African Region
Authors: Munene Derrick , Alunyu Andrew Egwar , Nabukenya Josephine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Digital technologies are fast gaining space in health. A skilled workforce is required to use existing and emerging technologies that support healthcare. However, existing medical informatics curriculum from the USA, UK, and African region reveal gaps in required competencies for a digital health worker, especially for the African region. Only a few health workers possess digital competencies required to optimally use existing technologies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the need for and propose a structure of the digital health curriculum for the African region.Methods

The study retrieved 42 peer-reviewed articles and reports published in English between 2005 and 2019 from PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and Biomedical Central. Only articles that addressed any form of pre-service and or in-service training of digital health workers were included in the review. In addition, 13 medical informatics curricula from the USA, UK, and African region were reviewed to determine the structure of the Digital Health curriculum suitable for the African region.Results

Many countries in the African region have developed ehealth strategies that clearly highlight the need to train DH workforce. Results showed knowledge gaps of a communicator, a collaborator, a professional technologist, an advocate, and a manager required of digital health worker in the African region. However, existing digital/health informatics programmes in the region lack balanced course programmes to develop these core competencies. Besides, corresponding online training is modeled after traditional face-to-face training, thus limiting the opportunity for in-service health workers. Validation of the Lesotho curriculum confirmed only 10 modules as suitable to develop a rounded digital health worker (particularly for health leaders) for the African region.Conclusions

Since it is important to develop competencies consistent with the local health systems to realize the full benefits of ehealth technologies, the African region needs to bridge their human resource gaps. Thus, African countries need to first develop or adopt a digital health worker competency framework and then re-organize their national health training curriculum to ensure a standardized / universal curriculum for training the digital health workforce. Future works will assess the DH worker competencies and expected outcomes for the African region.
Evaluating Laboratory Diagnoses of Children’s Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection Reveal Effective Clinical Approaches
Authors: Wang Liangyu , Han Xiaohua , Wei Ran , Han Lina , Guo Dongxing , Liu Xijie , Li Jingyi , Dou Haiwei , Wu Zhaoyong , Li Dan , Tian Xiujun , Li Shaogang , Xin Deli , Shen Kunling 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate laboratory methods for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae . Ninety-three children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae were tested, and large sample size makes the results representative. The pharyngeal swabs and serum samples were mostly collected from the first week of the disease, or from the second to third week of the disease in recovery children. The pharyngeal swabs from healthy children were cultured and two of them were positive for the bacterium. The accuracy of laboratory diagnostic methods for Mycoplasma pneumoniae were evaluated against serum test with 4-fold increase or decrease in the titers of antibody in two serum samples. The specificity of culture method was high, which suggested that the method was suitable for clinical research. In acute phase, the sensitivities of single serological test or simultaneous amplification and testing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (SAT) were 71.7% and 85%, respectively.
Modeling the Cost of Management Options for small benign non-functional adrenal incidentaloma: A Decision Tree Analysis
Authors: Xuan Xiaoxu , Chen Xingxing , Ni Wenjun , Xie Qun , Ye Yunlin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective
Using decision analysis to determine the economic benefits of surgery versus surveillance for patients with small benign non-functional adrenal incidentaloma.
Methods
A detailed model was developed that integrates projected costs for a few possible treatment outcomes. Starting values and probabilities were derived from a comprehensive meta-analysis of 1298 patients. Hypothesis testing was performed using sensitivity analysis.
Results
The model predicts a cost premium for follow-up compared with surgery. The tornado analysis identifies the cost of follow-up for once as the most important variables for our model. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that cost equivalence could be met with ¥4359.5 for once follow-up, keeping other factors constant.
Conclusion
Our models of treatment for small benign non-functional adrenal incidentaloma showed significant cost differences for follow-up versus immediate surgery. The cost of follow-up for once featured threshold values.
Integration of bioenergetics in the ADM1 and its impact on model predictions
Authors: Patón Mauricio , Rodríguez Jorge 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this work, the integration of dynamic bioenergetic calculations in the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) is presented. The impact of bioenergetics on kinetics was addressed via two different approaches: a thermodynamic-based inhibition function and variable microbial growth yields based on dynamic Gibbs free energy calculations. The dynamic bioenergetic calculations indicate that the standard ADM1 predicts positive reaction rates under thermodynamically unfeasible conditions. The dissolved hydrogen inhibition approach used in ADM1 is, however, deemed as adequate, offering the trade-off of not requiring dynamic bioenergetics computation despite the need of hydrogen inhibition parameters. Simulations of the model with bioenergetics showed the low amount of energy available in butyrate and propionate oxidation, suggesting that microbial growth on these substrates must be very limited or occur via alternative mechanisms rather than dissolved hydrogen.
Exercise Training as a Mediator for Enhancing Coronary Collateral Circulation: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Nickolay Thomas , Nichols Simon , Ingle Lee , Hoye Angela 
Published: August 2019

:
Coronary collateral vessels supply blood to areas of myocardium at risk after arterial occlusion.
Flow through these channels is driven by a pressure gradient between the donor and the
occluded artery. Concomitant with increased collateral flow is an increase in shear force, a potent
stimulus for collateral development (arteriogenesis). Arteriogenesis is self-limiting, often ceasing
prematurely when the pressure gradient is reduced by the expanding lumen of the collateral vessel.
After the collateral has reached its self-limited maximal conductance, the only way to drive further
increases is to re-establish the pressure gradient.
During exercise, the myocardial oxygen demand is increased, subsequently increasing coronary
flow. Therefore, exercise may represent a means of driving augmented arteriogenesis in patients
with stable coronary artery disease. Studies investigating the ability of exercise to drive collateral
development in humans are inconsistent. However, these inconsistencies may be due to the heterogeneity
of assessment methods used to quantify change. This article summarises current evidence
pertaining to the role of exercise in the development of coronary collaterals, highlighting areas of
future research.
Comparative Analysis of Spouse’s Burden and Quality of Life in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Maleki Nayereh , Sadeghian Effat , Shamsaei Farshid , Tapak Lily , Ghaleiha Ali 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Spouses of patients with bipolar disorder may experience a different quality
of life and burden than seen with major depressive disorder.

Objective:
This study was conducted to comparatively analyse spouse’s burden and quality of life in
major depressive and bipolar disorders.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 spouses of patients with major depressive
and bipolar disorders in the city of Hamadan in Iran, in 2018. Data collection tools included
Zarit Burden and QOL-BREF questionnaires. Data were analyzed by a t-test using SPSS -16.

Results:
The findings showed that 11.8% of spouses of patients with depression and 85.5% of
spouses of patients with bipolar disorder experienced severe burden (P < 0.001). The quality of life
of spouses of patients with bipolar disorder was lower than with depressive disorder (P < 0.05). In
both the groups, a negative correlation was found between burden and QOL.

Conclusion:
The spouses of patients with bipolar disorder experience more burden and lower quality
of life than depression. In both the groups, burden has a negative impact on the quality of life.
Professional help and supportive intervention can be provided to the spouses of patients with major
depressive and bipolar I disorders to reduce their burden, strengthen their coping skill and thus improve
their QOL.
Improved Algorithm of the Video Moving Object Detection Based on ViBE
Authors: Zhongsheng Wang , Zhichao Lian , Yubian Wang , Jianguo Wang 
Published: August 2019

Background:
ViBE (Visual Background Extractor) is an algorithm with a variety of advantages
in video moving object detection which utilizes a pixel-level background modeling. However,
it is not suitable for distinguishing the scene of drastic change, adapts poorly to the sudden
change of the illumination and may lost the object easily, because this algorithm uses a fixed threshold
to distinguish the background from the foreground.

Methods:
In this paper, an improved ViBE algorithm is proposed, which an adaptive dynamic
threshold method is introduced for classification of the foreground and the background in the changing
scenes. When reconstructing the model it required for drastic change of illumination, Otsu algorithm
is used to judge the threshold and select the appropriate frame to complete the reconstruction
to achieve quick adapt to the light.

Results:
Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has higher recall value, better precision
and F value comparing to the original algorithm. The improved algorithm has the highest classification
accuracy among other similar algorithms and therefore the improved algorithm significantly
improves the detection results.

Conclusion:
After analyzing the principle of ViBE algorithm, this paper proposed improvements to
it from two aspects to aim at its deficiency. Taking into account of the dynamic changes of different
environments, the change factor was proposed to measure the dynamic degree of background. According
to the value of the factor, adaptive clustering was obtained and clustering threshold was updated to
improve the adaptability of the algorithm to the dynamic environments. The improved ViBE algorithm
can find the appropriate frame to reconstruct model structure in the case of abrupt light change, which
can quickly adapt itself to the light change and be more accurate in the object detection.
Mekanisme Fouling pada Membran Mikrofiltrasi Mode Aliran Searah dan Silang
Authors: Shalahuddin Iqbal , Wibisono Yusuf 
Published: August 2019

A B S T R A C TMicrofiltration is a low pressure driven membrane process of about 1 bar trans-membrane pressure which is used frequently for separating dissolved particles within 0.1 to 10 μm size. Microfiltration membranes are utilized in water and wastewater treatment processes either during pretreatment, treatment, or post-treatment steps. Moreover in bioprocessing, microfiltration is used in upstream process for substrate sterilization or in downstream process for microbial suspension separation. Fouling is one major concern of membrane filtration processes, including microfiltration. In this article, the fouling mechanism on microfiltration membrane is explained based on the blocking model refer to cake filtration due to the complexity of fouling phenomena. Fouling mechanism on dead-end and cross-flow modes microfiltration are explained, and basically distinguished into four different mechanisms, i.e. complete blocking, standard blocking, intermediate blocking and cake filtration. The proposed models are based on constant pressure operation on the uniform membrane pores, both for dead-end and cross-flow modes. Cross-flow mode, however, is restricted on the beginning of filtration until critical flux condition is reached.Keywords: bioprocess; blocking model; cake filtration; fouling; microfiltration; wastewater A B S T R A KMembran mikrofiltrasi merupakan salah satu teknologi membran yang menggunakan tekanan rendah sekitar 1 bar sebagai gaya pendorong dan digunakan untuk proses pemisahan partikel terlarut yang berukuran antara 0,1 hingga 10 μm. Membran mikrofiltrasi banyak digunakan baik dalam proses pra-pengolahan, pengolahan, maupun pasca-pengolahan air dan air limbah. Pada bioproses, mikrofitrasi juga digunakan pada proses hulu untuk sterilisasi substrat atau pada proses hilir untuk pemisahan suspensi mikrob. Masalah yang paling utama dalam proses filtrasi membran adalah fouling. Dalam artikel ini, mekanisme terjadinya fouling pada membran mikrofiltrasi dijelaskan dengan menggunakan model pemblokiran yang mengacu pada filtrasi deposit partikel (cake) untuk menguraikan kerumitan fenomena fouling dalam mikrofiltrasi. Pada tulisan ini dijelaskan lebih rinci mengenai mekanisme fouling baik pada mikrofiltrasi searah (dead-end) maupun aliran silang (cross-flow). Mekanisme fouling pada proses mikrofiltrasi bisa dimodelkan dengan empat model yaitu pemblokiran pori, penyempitan pori, pemblokiran pori bersamaan dengan endapan permukaan dan formasi endapan permukaan. Mekanisme tersebut berlaku pada kondisi operasional bertekanan tetap dan ukuran pori yang seragam, baik pada aliran searah ataupun silang. Hanya saja, model mekanisme pada aliran silang hanya berlaku pada kondisi awal filtrasi hingga tercapai kondisi fluks kritis.Kata kunci: air limbah; bioproses; filtrasi cake; fouling; mikrofiltrasi; model pemblokiran
Grey zones of production: Discussing the technology of tools at the Lojanik quarry in west-central Serbia
Authors: Bogosavljević Petrović Vera , Petrović Anđa , Galfi Jovan , Jovanović Divna , Radonjić Đorđe 
Published: August 2019

Flaked stone artefacts found on the quarry Lojanik in west-central Serbia are good examples of how the function of non-diagnostic pieces could be determined through technological and use-wear analysis. In this study, we present the examples of surface clusters and artefacts from stratigraphic layers. Our attention is focused on the prevailing category of fragmented raw materials in the initial phase of knapping, preforms, debris, shattered pieces of anthropogenic origin and an immense number of artefacts and geofacts.
The study of mines and quarries, as well as distribution of the raw materials that come from the central Balkans is an understudied phenomenon. Flaked stone artefacts found on the outcrops of the Lojanik hilltop is a good example of how we can apply technological, petrological and use-wear analysis on this type of site. Keeping in mind the loose context of the finds, as well as the lack of any datable material, this issue has to be approached with a lot of caution, since the locality itself seems to show human presence during Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic. The main focus of the study was put on the prevailing categories linked to the initial extraction of raw material on the site, as well as initial steps of shaping the raw material into cores. Samples were collected from several outcrops and so-called workshops from two localities of the hilltop: Lojanik 1 and Lojanik 2. The focal points of interest are categories that include waste, shatter, technical or shaping flakes. Worked pieces of raw material are now in the central position, and the study of these pieces have opened new grounds for this and similar occurrences - the study of so-called “grey zones” of production.
A influência do Tractatus no critério positivista de significado
Authors: Santos Arruda Renata Maria 
Published: August 2019

Uma das motivações para as pesquisas realizadas pelos membros do Círculo de Viena a respeito dos fundamentos da linguagem científica se encontra na obra de Wittgenstein “Tractatus Logico-Philophicus”.Embora haja divergências sobre a legitimidade dessa influência, o livro foi, com efeito, tomado como motivação teórica para a estruturação da linguagem científica, desenvolvida pelos empiristas lógicos. Este artigo apresenta as teorias desenvolvidas pelos membros do Círculo de Viena ressaltando os elementos presentes no Tractatusque foram tomados, em grande parte, como influência sobre o “critério de significado” de uma proposição filosófica adotado pelos empiristas lógicos na tentativa de se estabelecer uma fundamentação para o conhecimento.
Paraconsistencia pura
Authors: Da Ré Bruno 
Published: August 2019

Dentro del conjunto de las lógicas no clásicas, las lógicas paraconsistentes han suscitado de manera particular el interés de diversos filósofos. Además de las definiciones tradicionales, en los últimos años, se han propuesto nuevas maneras de caracterizar a la paraconsistencia. Lo que tienen en común todas estas definiciones es que alguna forma de la regla o de la metarregla de explosión debe ser rechazada. En este artículo, presentaré dichas definiciones y evaluaré el rol que juegan la negación y la transitividad en ellas. Finalmente, propondré una nueva caracterización de la paraconsistencia, la que llamaré paraconsistencia pura y mostraré que la regla de monotonía juega un rol crucial en todas las presentaciones de dicho concepto.
Change in Cardiovascular Health and Incident Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose: The Whitehall II Study
Authors: Climie Rachel E. , van Sloten Thomas T. , Périer Marie-Cécile , Tafflet Muriel , Fayosse Aurore , Dugravot Aline , Singh-Manoux Archana , Empana Jean-Philippe 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE
Most previous studies on cardiovascular health (CVH) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) have used a single measure of CVH, and none have investigated the association with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). We examined the association between changes in CVH and incident T2D and IFG.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Within the Whitehall II study, CVH was examined every 5 years from 1991/93 until 2015/16. Subjects with 0–2, 3–4, and 5–6 ideal metrics of CVH from the American Heart Association were categorized as having low, moderate, or high CVH, respectively.

RESULTS
There were 6,234 participants (mean age 49.8 ± 6.0 years, 70% male) without prior cardiovascular disease and T2D, including 5,015 who were additionally free from IFG at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 24.8 (interquartile range 24.0–25.2) years, 895 and 1,703 incident cases of T2D and IFG occurred, respectively. Change in CVH between 1991/93 and 2002/04 was calculated among 4,464 participants free from CVD and T2D and among 2,795 participants additionally free from IFG. In multivariate analysis, compared with those with stable low CVH, risk of T2D was lower in those with initially high CVH (hazard ratio [HR] 0.21; 95% CI 0.09, 0.51), those who had persistently moderate CVH or changed from moderate to high CVH (moderate-moderate/high; HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.41, 0.69), low-moderate/high (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.45, 0.86), and moderate-low (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.56, 0.98). Results were similar for IFG, but the effect sizes were smaller.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with stable low CVH, other patterns of change in CVH were associated with lower risk of T2D and IFG.
Exploration of Amylases Producing Competency of Helicoverpa armigera Gut Bacterial Strain, Bacillus subtilis RTSBA6 6.00
Authors: Shinde Ashok A. , Shaikh Faiyaz K. , Kachole Manvendra S. 
Published: August 2019

The Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous insect pest of agriculturally important crops. The alkaline gut of this insect pest possesses diverse bacterial communities which may assist in digestive physiology. As part our investigations of understanding the role of gut bacterial communities in insect gut, here amylase producing competency of earlier identified H. armigera gut bacterial strain, i.e., Bacillus subtilis RTSBA6 6.00 is reported. Initial screening for amylase activity was assessed by starch agar plate. Upon 7% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis amylase zymography, bacterial culture supernatant produced seven amylase bands on the gel. The observed molecular weights of amylases were 191.2 KDa, 158.0 KDa, 131.7 KDa, 54.0 KDa, 31.3 KDa, 67.2 KDa, and 44.6 KDa, respectively. Considerable amylase activity was observed in neutral to alkaline pH with optimum at pH 6.8. The optimal activity temperature of amylases was found to be 50°C, and the activity decreased dramatically at temperatures above 75°C.