bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature constraints from inversions of synthetic solar optical, UV, and radio spectra
Authors: da Silva Santos J. M. , de la Cruz Rodríguez J. , Leenaarts J. 
Published: September 2018

Context. High-resolution observations of the solar chromosphere at millimeter wavelengths are now possible with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), bringing with them the promise of tackling many open problems in solar physics. Observations from other ground and space-based telescopes will greatly benefit from coordinated endeavors with ALMA, yet the diagnostic potential of combined optical, ultraviolet and mm observations has remained mostly unassessed.
Aims. In this paper we investigate whether mm-wavelengths could aid current inversion schemes to retrieve a more accurate representation of the temperature structure of the solar atmosphere.
Methods. We performed several non-LTE inversion experiments of the emergent spectra from a snapshot of 3D radiation-MHD simulation. We included common line diagnostics such as Ca II H, K, 8542 Å and Mg II h and k, taking into account partial frequency redistribution effects, along with the continuum around 1.2 mm and 3 mm.
Results. We find that including the mm-continuum in inversions allows a more accurate inference of temperature as function of optical depth. The addition of ALMA bands to other diagnostics should improve the accuracy of the inferred chromospheric temperatures between log τ ∼ [−6, −4.5] where the Ca II and Mg II lines are weakly coupled to the local conditions. However, we find that simultaneous multiatom, non-LTE inversions of optical and UV lines present equally strong constraints in the lower chromosphere and thus are not greatly improved by the 1.2 mm band. Nonetheless, the 3 mm band is still needed to better constrain the mid-upper chromosphere.
Transient Isolated Polyhydramnios and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Berezowsky Alexandra , Ashwal Eran , Hiersch Liran , Yogev Yariv , Aviram Amir 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate labor and perinatal outcomes of transient isolated polyhydramnios.
Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study (2008–2013) at a university-affiliated, tertiary medical center. Eligibility was limited to patients with singleton gestations, no maternal diabetes or known structural/chromosomal anomalies, and no rupture of the membranes prior to delivery, at > 34 weeks of gestation. All women underwent routine sonogram for estimation of fetal weight (sEFW) between 28–34 weeks of gestation, and a second routine sonogram at admission. We compared women diagnosed with polyhydramnios at the time of the sEFW which later resolved, with women who had normal AFI during the sEFW.
Results Overall, 44 263 women delivered during this time period, of which 292 (0.7 %) with transient polyhydramnios (study group) and 29 682 with a normal amniotic fluid level (control group) were eligible for analysis. Women with transient polyhydramnios had a higher risk for assisted vaginal delivery (AVD), mainly due to abnormal/intermediate fetal heart rate tracings (aOR 2.3, 95 % CI 1.2–5.5), and a higher risk for cesarean delivery (CD), mostly because of labor dystocia (aOR 2.5, 95 % CI 1.2–5.1 for 1st stage arrest and aOR 3.4, 95 % CI 1.6–7.2) for 2nd stage arrest), suspected macrosomia (aOR 3.2, 95 % CI 1.6–6.6) and malpresentation (aOR 6.6, 95 % CI 2.0–21.1).
Conclusion Transient isolated polyhydramnios detected during the sonogram at 28–32 weeks of gestation is an independent risk factor for the need for obstetrical intervention during labor.
Standardisierte Nachbesprechung von Zwangsmaßnahmen auf psychiatrischen Akutstationen: Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie
Authors: Wullschleger Alexandre , Vandamme Angelika , Ried Jennifer , Pluta Mara , Montag Christiane , Mahler Lieselotte 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Pilotstudie zur Untersuchung eines Leitfadens zur standardisierten Nachbesprechung erfolgter Zwangsmaßnahmen.
Methodik Nach Durchführung von 12 Nachbesprechungen wurden teilnehmende Patienten und Mitarbeiter mittels eines selbstentwickelten Fragebogens mit quantitativen und qualitativen Fragen sowie qualitativer Experten-Interviews befragt.
Ergebnisse Die Intervention wurde von allen Befragten als hilfreich erlebt, insbesondere um die therapeutische Beziehung zu fördern. Der Zeitpunkt des Gesprächs sollte individuell gewählt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Der Leitfaden eignet sich zur Nachbesprechung von Zwangsmaßnahmen.
Predictive Factors for Vitamin D Concentrations in Swiss Athletes: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zürcher Simeon , Quadri Andrea , Huber Andreas , Thomas Lothar , Close Graeme , Brunner Saskia , Noack Patrik , Gojanovic Boris , Kriemler Susi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVitamin D concentrations corresponding to 75 nmol/L 25(OH)D have been associated with maintained muscle function, growth and regeneration, optimal bone health and immunology in athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations in athletes. Six hundred three Swiss athletes were assessed. 25(OH)D was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A standardized questionnaire was used to gather information about potential predictors for 25(OH)D concentrations; 50.5% showed insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations. Differences in predicted probability of insufficient 25(OH)D were found for those vitamin D supplemented (42%) versus not supplemented (52%), in those performing indoor (58%) versus outdoor sports (43%), and during the sun-deprived seasons of fall (49%), winter (70%) and spring (57%) compared with summer (17%). Higher BMI z-scores and age were associated with higher 25(OH)D concentrations. In conclusion, insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations were common among athletes especially at a younger age, among those not supplemented, in athletes who trained indoors, and during the sun-deprived seasons. Because the prevalence of insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations in this study was high, regular supplementation in athletes may be indicated, except perhaps during the summer season. Further research is needed to determine which 25(OH)D concentrations lead to optimal health and performance in athletes.
Diet and Lifestyle Before and During Pregnancy – Practical Recommendations of the Germany-wide Healthy Start – Young Family Network
Authors: Koletzko Berthold , Cremer Monika , Flothkötter Maria , Graf Christine , Hauner Hans , Hellmers Claudia , Kersting Mathilde , Krawinkel Michael , Przyrembel Hildegard , Röbl-Mathieu Marianne , Schiffner Ulrich , Vetter Klaus , Weißenborn Anke , Wöckel Achim 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDiet and exercise before and during pregnancy affect the course of the pregnancy, the childʼs development and the short- and long-term health of mother and child. The Healthy Start – Young Family Network has updated the recommendations on nutrition in pregnancy that first appeared in 2012 and supplemented them with recommendations on a preconception lifestyle. The recommendations address body weight before conception, weight gain in pregnancy, energy and nutritional requirements and diet (including a vegetarian/vegan diet), the supplements folic acid/folate, iodine, iron and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), protection against food-borne illnesses, physical activity before and during pregnancy, alcohol, smoking, caffeinated drinks, oral and dental hygiene and the use of medicinal products. Preparation for breast-feeding is recommended already during pregnancy. Vaccination recommendations for women planning a pregnancy are also included. These practical recommendations of the Germany-wide Healthy Start – Young Family Network are intended to assist all professional groups that counsel women and couples wishing to have children and during pregnancy with uniform, scientifically-based and practical information.
Trigeminal Nerve Schwannoma of the Cerebellopontine Angle
Authors: Peris-Celda Maria , Graffeo Christopher , Perry Avital , Carlstrom Lucas , Link Michael 
Published: September 2018

Introduction Large and even moderate sized, extra-axial cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors may fill this restricted space and distort the regional anatomy. It may be difficult to determine even with high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if the tumor is dural-based, or what the nerve of origin is if a schwannoma. While clinical history and exam are helpful, they are not unequivocal, particularly since many patients present with a myriad of symptoms, or conversely an incidental finding. We present an atypical appearing, asymptomatic CPA tumor, ultimately identified at surgery to be a trigeminal schwannoma.
Case History A 40-year-old man presented with new-onset seizure. MRI identified an incidental heterogeneously contrast-enhancing CPA lesion (Fig. 1A–D). The tumor was centered on the internal auditory canal (IAC) with no tumor extension into Meckel's cave, IAC or jugular foramen. Audiometry demonstrated 10db of relative left-sided hearing loss with 100% word recognition. Physical examination was negative for focal neurologic deficits. A retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed and an extra-axial, yellow-hued mass was encountered and resected, which was ultimately confirmed to originate from the trigeminal nerve (Video 1). Gross total resection was achieved, and the patient recovered from surgery with partial ipsilateral trigeminal sensory loss and no other new neurologic deficits.
Conclusion Pure CPA trigeminal schwannomas are rare, but should be considered in the differential for enhancing CPA lesions. Although, Meckel's cave involvement is frequently observed, it is not universal, and pure CPA schwannomas of all cranial nerves IV–XII have been reported in the literature.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/AlodYCu70F8.
Gross Total Resection of Large Cerebellopontine Angle Meningioma with a Supratentorial Extension via Retrosigmoid Approach with Suprameatal Drilling and Tentorial Sectioning
Authors: Sayyahmelli Sima , Ahmetspahic Adi , Baskaya Mustafa 
Published: September 2018

Meningiomas are the second most common neoplasm in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), and are challenging lesions to treat surgically. With significant refinements in surgical techniques, operative morbidity, and mortality have been substantially reduced. Total or near-total surgical resection can be accomplished in the majority of cases via appropriately selected approaches, and with acceptable morbidity. In this video, we present a 51-year-old woman, who had a 2-year history of vertigo with symptoms that progressed over time. She presented with blurry vision, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, left-sided facial numbness, and double vision. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a left-sided homogeneously enhancing mass at CPA with a supratentorial extension. MRI appearance was consistent with a CPA meningioma with supratentorial extension. The patient underwent surgical resection via a retrosigmoid approach. Suprameatal drilling and tentorial sectioning were necessary to achieve gross total resection. The surgery and postoperative course were uneventful. The histopathology was a WHO (world health organization) grade I meningioma. MRI showed gross total resection of the tumor. After a 1.5-year follow-up, the patient is continuing to do well with no residual or recurrent disease. In this video, microsurgical techniques and important steps for the resection of this challenging meningioma of the cerebellopontine angle are demonstrated.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/CDto52GxrG4.
Retrosigmoid Approach for Resection of Cerebellar Peduncle Cavernoma
Authors: Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Alzhrani Gmaan , Gozal Yair , Couldwell William 
Published: September 2018

The case described in this video involved a 38-year-old man, who presented with a 4-week history of worsening acute-onset headache, nausea, double vision, and vertigo. On examination, he had impaired tandem gait and diplopia on right horizontal gaze. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a hyperdense lesion of the right cerebellopontine angle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a nonenhancing middle cerebellar peduncle lesion that was isointense on T2-weighed imaging and hypointense on FLAIR imaging (Fig. 1A–B). The differential diagnoses for this lesion included cavernous malformation, thrombosed aneurysm, and neurocysticercosis. CT angiography was done preoperatively to rule out cerebral aneurysm. Surgical resection of the lesion was recommended to relieve his symptoms, to prevent further deterioration/bleeding, and to obtain a pathological diagnosis. The patient underwent a right retrosigmoid craniotomy for resection of the right middle cerebellar peduncle cavernoma (Fig. 2). The patient tolerated the procedure well with no new postoperative neurological deficit. Postoperative MRI depicted gross total resection of the lesion and expected residual blood in the resection cavity (Fig. 1C–D). The patient was discharged home on postoperative day 4. At his last follow-up appointment, 1 month after surgery, he reported complete resolution of his preoperative symptoms, including diplopia. The patient gave consent for publication.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/TRieS9DXbV4.
Extreme Lateral Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach to the Lateral Midbrain
Authors: Kalani M. , Couldwell William 
Published: September 2018

This video illustrates the case of a 52-year-old man with a history of multiple bleeds from a lateral midbrain cerebral cavernous malformation, who presented with sudden-onset headache, gait instability, and left-sided motor and sensory disturbances. This lesion was eccentric to the right side and was located in the dorsolateral brainstem. Therefore, the lesion was approached via a right-sided extreme lateral supracerebellar infratentorial (exSCIT) craniotomy with monitoring of the cranial nerves. This video demonstrates the utility of the exSCIT for resection of dorsolateral brainstem lesions and how this approach gives the surgeon ready access to the supracerebellar space, and cerebellopontine angle cistern. The lateral mesencephalic safe entry zone can be accessed from this approach; it is identified by the intersection of branches of the superior cerebellar artery and the fourth cranial nerve with the vein of the lateral mesencephalic sulcus. The technique of piecemeal resection of the lesion from the brainstem is presented. Careful patient selection and respect for normal anatomy are of paramount importance in obtaining excellent outcomes in operations within or adjacent to the brainstem.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/aIw-O2Ryleg.
“Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Will Give You a Voice”: Key Practices in AAC Assessment and Intervention as Described by Persons with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Giambalvo Felicia , Kohler Kim , Nazareth Godfrey , Caron Jessica , Fager Susan , McNaughton David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (pALS) who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) with the AAC assessment and intervention process. Twenty-one pALS with complex communication needs participated in a multipart survey (and follow-up e-mails) to provide information on their experiences with AAC assessment and intervention. A majority of the participants agreed with the importance of three key AAC intervention principles: appropriate staging of the timing of assessment and intervention activities, inclusion of communication partners, and the use of multiple modalities and strategies as communication supports. Most participants reported that their assessment and intervention experiences included at least some aspect of these three key practices. The results of this study suggest that the identified best practices in AAC should be reviewed and implemented on an individualized basis for pALS with complex communication needs.
Fetal Abdominal Aorta: Doppler and Structural Evaluation of Endothelial Function in Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Controls
Authors: Visentin Silvia , Londero Ambrogio , Calanducci Maria , Grisan Enrico , Bongiorno Maria , Marin Loris , Cosmi Erich 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Purpose The human aorta stores strain energy in the distended wall during systole through the extracellular matrix of the tunica media that could be influenced by blood pressure, flow, or increased peripheral resistance. In intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) fetuses, the increased aorta intima media thickness (aIMT) could reflect a different extracellular matrix composition and, therefore, functionality. The aim of this study was to analyze the resistance to flow in the fetal descending aorta and its relation to aIMT and systolic and diastolic fetal abdominal aorta diameters in IUGR fetuses and controls.
Materials and Methods This is a prospective case control study of single pregnancies collected at a tertiary center for feto-maternal medicine in Northeast Italy. An IUGR group as cases and a group of fetuses appropriate for gestational age (AGA) as controls were included.
Results We found a greater PI of the fetal abdominal aorta in the IUGR group (1.82) than in the AGA group (1.21) (p < 0.05). The change between the systolic and diastolic fetal abdominal aorta diameters was significantly greater in IUGR fetuses (0.10 mm (IQR 0.07 – 0.28)) than in the AGA group (0.04 mm (0.03 – 0.05)) (p < 0.05). In the IUGR group aIMT was significantly correlated with peak systolic velocity (PSV) and systolic-diastolic aorta diameter change, while these two correlations were not found in the control group.
Conclusion The change between the systolic and diastolic fetal abdominal aorta diameters in IUGR cases during the early third trimester of pregnancy was significantly increased and aIMT in the IUGR group was significantly correlated to systolic-diastolic diameter change and PSV, probably reflecting aortic wall adaptation to blood flow changes in IUGR fetuses.
Generalized least squares can overcome the critical threshold in respondent-driven sampling
Authors: Roch Sebastien , Rohe Karl 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a popular technique to sample marginalized or hard-to-reach populations, where participants can refer multiple contacts into the sample. Using the sampled participants, we wish to estimate properties of the population, often the proportion of individuals that are HIV+. Because contacts often share the same HIV status, adjacent samples are dependent. As a result, RDS can lead to highly variable estimates of HIV prevalence. This paper studies an estimation technique for HIV prevalence that is based upon the classical idea of generalized least squares.
Contrasting dynamics and trait controls in first-order root compared with leaf litter decomposition
Authors: Sun Tao , Hobbie Sarah E. , Berg Björn , Zhang Hongguang , Wang Qingkui , Wang Zhengwen , Hättenschwiler Stephan 
Published: September 2018

SignificanceDecomposition of plant roots and associated fungal mutualists is a dominant process in ecosystem carbon cycles, yet is woefully understudied compared with decomposition of leaf litter, particularly for the finest order roots that have the highest turnover. In a field experiment, we compared decomposition of the finest, most distal roots and leaf litter among 35 cooccurring temperate forest species over 6 years. We found that decomposition rates of root tips were considerably lower than those of leaf litter and were controlled by nonlignin carbon compounds in contrast to lignin:nitrogen ratio control over leaf litter decomposition. Our study suggests that models of terrestrial carbon cycling based on aboveground patterns are inadequate to describe decomposition of the finest plant roots.
Striatal dopamine 2 receptor upregulation during development predisposes to diet-induced obesity by reducing energy output in mice
Authors: Labouesse Marie A. , Sartori Andrea M. , Weinmann Oliver , Simpson Eleanor H. , Kellendonk Christoph , Weber-Stadlbauer Ulrike 
Published: September 2018

Significance
The need to understand the early determinants for obesity has never been greater with currently over 700 million obese people worldwide. Several decades of research have suggested that dopamine 2 receptors (D2R) in the striatum might be particularly important for obesity etiology, but no study has thus far outlined an unambiguous causal relationship. Here we show that striatal D2R upregulation induces obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet and this is due to reduced energy expenditure rather than increased eating. Importantly, we show that elevated D2R during development is sufficient to persistently increase obesity susceptibility. This work identifies excess D2Rs early in life as a potential key predisposition factor toward obesity and therefore may help uncover strategies for early interventions.
Bottom-up saliency and top-down learning in the primary visual cortex of monkeys
Authors: Yan Yin , Zhaoping Li , Li Wu 
Published: September 2018

Significance
A visual item in sharp contrast with its neighboring items in a simple feature, such as color or orientation, automatically captures attention. Although cortical area V1 signals such simple feature contrasts, it is unclear whether these signals are utilized for saliency effects in behavior and whether they are enhanced by training. By training monkeys to detect a short bar in various degrees of orientation contrast with uniformly oriented background bars, we show that the feature contrast signals in V1, which start from the beginning of neuronal responses, are correlated with the detection performance and are therefore perceptual saliency signals. Training makes the early saliency signals more behaviorally correlated, consistent with more reflexive and less effortful task performance after training.
The interaction of talin with the cell membrane is essential for integrin activation and focal adhesion formation
Authors: Chinthalapudi Krishna , Rangarajan Erumbi S. , Izard Tina 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Vertebrate cell growth, division, locomotion, morphogenesis, and development rely on the dynamic interactions of cells with extracellular matrix components via cell surface complexes termed focal adhesions that are composed of heterodimeric αβ integrin receptors, associated signaling molecules, and the large cytoskeletal protein talin. While it is known that talin activation and binding to β-integrin requires interactions with lipids, little is known regarding the structure and function of inactive vs. activated talin, and what is known is often disputed. Here we report that talin binding to the cell membrane seems necessary for integrin activation and focal adhesion formation, a finding that significantly advances our understanding of integrin activation and might aid the development of novel integrin therapeutic agents.
The Atg2-Atg18 complex tethers pre-autophagosomal membranes to the endoplasmic reticulum for autophagosome formation
Authors: Kotani Tetsuya , Kirisako Hiromi , Koizumi Michiko , Ohsumi Yoshinori , Nakatogawa Hitoshi 
Published: September 2018

Significance
A central event during autophagy is the biogenesis of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, which sequester various intracellular materials for degradation in lysosomes/vacuoles. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in autophagosome formation, and that pre-autophagosomal membranes contact with the ER. However, the mechanistic basis of these contacts has remained unknown. Here we describe two membrane-binding domains responsible for autophagosome formation in the autophagy-related protein Atg2, which localizes to the pre-autophagosomal membrane–ER contact sites in yeast cells. Our data suggest that the amphipathic helix in the C-terminal region of Atg2 targets the protein to pre-autophagosomal membranes, whereas the N-terminal region of the same molecule associates with the ER, tethering these membranes together to mediate membrane expansion during autophagosome formation.