bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermographic evaluation of primary closure and second intention healing in dairy calves
Authors: Ferreira Claudia A. , le Jeune Sarah S. , Rayburn Maire C. , Chigerwe Munashe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the suitability of infrared thermography in assessing healing of surgically created wounds that are managed by primary closure or second intention in neonatal dairy calves during a 3‐week period.Study designRandomized clinical trial.AnimalsSix Jersey bull calves.MethodsTwo skin patches approximately 10 cm2 were shaved on each hind limb of all calves. The dorsal patch was designated the wound creation site, and the ventral patch was the control. The wound creation sites were randomly assigned for either primary closure or healing by second intention. Wounds were created by using an 8‐mm biopsy punch. Thermographic imaging was performed prior to wound creation and at 0 minutes; 15 minutes; 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours; and 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days postwounding.ResultsThere were no differences in skin temperature changes observed between wounds that were managed by primary closure or second intention (P = .9934) at any time. Time after wound creation had an effect on the skin temperature (P < .0001), with skin temperature consistently warmer (P < .05) 2, 4, and 8 hours after creation of wounds compared with subsequent times.ConclusionInfrared thermography was unable to detect differences in wound healing by primary closure or second intention in this model.Clinical significanceThermographic monitoring to detect differences in wound healing was not evident in this model. This model might be useful in monitoring temporal changes during early wound repair.
Reliability of the Bates‐Jensen wound assessment tool for pressure injury assessment: The pressure ulcer detection study
Authors: Bates‐Jensen Barbara M. , McCreath Heather E. , Harputlu Deniz , Patlan Anabel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Bates‐Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT) is used to assess wound healing in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate BWAT use among nursing home residents with pressure injury. Findings and reliability estimates from the BWAT related to pressure injury characteristics (stage, anatomic location) and natural history (resolved, persisted) among 142 ethnically and racially diverse residents are reported. In this prospective 16‐week study, 305 pressure injuries among 142 participants (34% prevalence) are described by stage, anatomic location, and BWAT scores. Visual and subepidermal moisture assessments were obtained from sacrum, buttock, ischial, and heel ulcers weekly. Participants were 14% Asian, 28% Black, 18% Hispanic, 40% White with a mean age of 78 ± 14 years, and were 62% female; 80% functionally dependent (bed mobility extensive/total assistance) and at risk (Braden Scale score 14 ± 2.7). The reliability coefficient for BWAT score (all participants, all anatomic locations) was high (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001; n = 1,161 observations). Weighted Kappas for characteristics ranging from 0.46 (skin color surrounding wound) to 0.79 (undermining) were consistent for all participants. BWAT scores showed strongest agreement coefficients for stage 4 pressure injury (r = 0.69), pressure injuries among Asian and White ethnicity/racial groups (r = 0.89, and r = 0.91, respectively), and sacrum anatomic location (r = 0.92) indicating scores are better correlated to fair skin tones. Lower agreement coefficients were demonstrated for stage 2 pressure injury (r = 0.38) and pressure injuries among African American and Hispanic ethnicity/racial groups (r = 0.88 and 0.87, respectively). BWAT scores were significantly different by pressure injury stage (F = 496.7, df = 6, p < 0.001) and anatomic location (F = 33.76, df = 8, p < 0.001). BWAT score correlated with pressure injury natural history (ulcer resolved 18.4 ± 7.4, ulcer persisted 24.9 ± 10.0; F = 70.11, df = 2, p < 0.001), but not with comorbidities. The BWAT provides reliable, objective data for assessing pressure injury healing progress.
Constitución de cajas menores en entidades territoriales. Un límite a la discrecionalidad administrativa
Authors: Lucas Ortegón Cesar Augusto 
Published: March 2019

Este artículo analiza si en Colombia las entidades territoriales pueden, mediante acto administrativo, constituir y reglamentar el funcionamiento de cajas menores a la luz del principio de autonomía que les confiere la Constitución Política; o si, por el contrario, deben ceñirse a lo que establece el Presupuesto de Rentas y Ley de Apropiaciones, lo cual implicaría la ilegalidad absoluta de las cajas menores constituidas por entes territoriales y por ende la ilegalidad de los actos que se celebren con base en ellas. Se utilizó una metodología de tipo inductivo, en la cual se avanzó a partir del análisis normativo y jurisprudencial de lacaja menor como institución jurídica, así como un estudio del principio de autonomía territorial y sus límites. Se concluye que las entidades territoriales están imposibilitadas constitucional y legalmente para instituir y reglamentar cajas menores.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for refractory epilepsy and medication refusal
Authors: Howard Caoimhe , Macken William L , Connolly Ann , Keegan Maria , Coghlan David , Webb David W 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveCurrent guidelines for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement focus largely on maintaining enteral feeding when oral feeding is no longer possible or adequate with an emphasis on nutrition and quality of life (QOL). Previous publications have also alluded to potential benefits in medication adherence, for example, in children with HIV, renal disease and neurodisability. We describe a cohort of children with refractory epilepsy who refused oral medication and in whom PEG tube placement was initiated for the purpose of drug administration.DesignWe identified children from the medical records of two tertiary paediatric units over a 9-year period who had PEG tube placement for administration of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy and collected demographic and clinical details from chart reviews. We assessed parent-reported changes in seizure control and QOL using a structured questionnaire.ResultsTen patients met the inclusion criteria. All families reported an improvement in ease of administering medications and eight reported a significant improvement in QOL. Nine children had a decrease in seizure frequency (lasting more than 12 months) following PEG tube placement, including two who underwent surgical intervention for their epilepsy during that period. Four had either a decrease in the number of drugs administered or their doses and four went on to receive fluids and nutrition through their tube on a regular basis. Seven reported PEG complications, which did not require removal of the PEG.ConclusionsThis case series of children with resistant epilepsy demonstrates improvement in seizure control and QOL following PEG tube placement for AED administration.
Effects of camera-based mirror visual feedback therapy for patients who had a stroke and the neural mechanisms involved: protocol of a multicentre randomised control study
Authors: Ding Li , Wang Xu , Guo Xiaoli , Chen Shugeng , Wang Hewei , Cui Xiao , Rong Jifeng , Jia Jie 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionAs a combination of visual stimulation and motor imagery, mirror visual feedback (MVF) is an effective treatment for motor impairment after stroke; however, few studies have investigated its effects on relevant cognitive processes such as visual perception and motor imagery. Camera-based MVF (camMVF) overcomes the intrinsic limitations of real mirrors and is recognised as an optimal setup. This study aims to investigate the effects of camMVF as an adjunct treatment for stroke patients, compare camMVF outcomes with those of conventional therapy and elucidate neural mechanisms through which MVF influences cognition and brain networks.Methods and analysisThis will be a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial including 90 patients randomised into three groups: camera-based mirror visual feedback intervention group (30), shielded mirror visual feedback intervention group (30) and conventional group (30). Patients in each group will receive a 60 min intervention 5 days per week over 4 weeks. The primary outcome will be the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Limb subscale measurement. Secondary outcomes include the modified Ashworth Scale, Grip Strength test, Modified Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure, Berg Balance Scale, 10-metre walking test, hand-laterality task and electroencephalography .Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the Huashan Hospital Institutional Review Board on 15 March (KY2017-230). We plan to submit the results to a peer-reviewed journal and present them at conferences, rehabilitation forums and to the general public.Trial registration numberChiCTR-INR-17013644; Pre-results.
Newly qualified doctors’ perceived effects of assistantship alignment with first post: a longitudinal questionnaire study
Authors: Wells Stephanie E , Bullock Alison , Monrouxe Lynn V 
Published: March 2019

PurposeGrowing evidence supports the role of student assistantships in enhancing graduates’ preparedness for practice. However, there is limited evidence concerning the impact of aligning assistantships with graduates’ first doctor post. The aims of our study were to determine newly-qualified doctors’ views on the value their assistantship experience, effects on anxiety levels, confidence and preparedness for increased responsibilities, exploring change over time and whether effects differ according to assistantship alignment.DesignWe conducted a longitudinal cross-sectional online questionnaire study examining experiences of aligned and non-aligned assistantships across the transition from medical student to newly-qualified doctor. The questionnaire was distributed to final year medical students within Wales, UK (n=351) and those commencing their first post in Wales, UK (n=150) in June 2015 at Time 1 (T1), and repeated in September 2015 (1 month following transition, T2) and January 2016 (T3).ResultsResponse rates at T1 were 50% (n=251, aligned=139, non-aligned=112), T2 36% (n=179, aligned=83, non-aligned=96) and T3 28% (n=141, aligned=69, non-aligned=72): 15% (n=73, aligned=36, non-aligned=37) completed all questionnaires. Paired longitudinal analysis was undertaken where possible. Significant differences were observed between participants on aligned and non-aligned assistantships in terms of the value they place on their assistantship experiences, their anxiety, confidence levels and preparedness for responsibility.ConclusionAlthough not sustained, aligned assistantships seem to provide graduates with additional benefits during the August transition. Further work is required to establish what it is about the aligned assistantship programme that works and why.
Risk of dementia after Parkinson’s disease in Taiwan: a population-based retrospective cohort study using National Health Insurance claims
Authors: Liu Chih-Ching , Sun Yu , Lee Pei-Chen , Li Chung-Yi , Hu Susan C 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesA nationwide cohort study on the risk of dementia onset after first diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is lacking. This study aims to assess 11 years of incidence and the HRs for developing dementia in patients with PD compared with matched controls.DesignA population-based cohort study.SettingNational Health Insurance database in Taiwan.ParticipantsA total of 5932 patients with PD were identified, and 29 645 age-matched, sex-matched and index year-matched PD-free individuals were randomly selected.Outcome measuresAll subjects were linked to the claim data to identify the first diagnosis of dementia. The Poisson assumption was used to estimate the incidence rate. Cause-specific hazards models with a partitioning of time at 1 year to account for proportionality were used to estimate the risk of dementia onset.ResultsThe median duration from the first diagnosis of PD to the development of dementia was 9.02 years. In the first partition (≦ 1 year), the incidence of dementia in the PD and control groups was 114.49 and 9.76 per 1000 person-years, respectively, with an adjusted HR of 6.43 (95% CI 5.46 to 7.57). In the second partition (>1 year), the incidence of dementia in the PD and control groups was 30.99 and 10.83 per 1000 person-years, with an adjusted HR of 2.42 (95% CI 2.23 to 2.61). Notably, in the second partition, both men and women aged <70 years had the highest HR (3.82, 95% CI 2.79 to 5.22 and 4.27, 95% CI 3.25 to 5.63, respectively).ConclusionsThis study noted an increased risk of dementia after a diagnosis of PD. The magnitude of effect estimation was higher in men in the first partition but was similar in both genders in the second partition. PD patients aged <70 years have the highest risk of dementia in any given partition time.
Influence of glyphosate/dicamba application rate and timing on the control of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean
Authors: Hedges Brittany K. , Soltani Nader , Robinson Darren E. , Hooker David C. , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of premixed glyphosate/dicamba application timing and rate on glyphosate-resistant (GR) waterhemp control. Glyphosate/dicamba applied to 5-, 15-, and 25-cm-tall plants, controlled GR waterhemp 81%, 73%, and 61% at 2 wk after application (WAA) and 61%, 68%, and 72% at 8 WAA, respectively.
Resistance to MAPK Inhibitors in Melanoma Involves Activation of the IGF1R–MEK5–Erk5 Pathway
Authors: Benito-Jardón Lucía , Díaz-Martínez Marta , Arellano-Sánchez Nohemi , Vaquero-Morales Paloma , Esparís-Ogando Azucena , Teixidó Joaquin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Combined treatment of metastatic melanoma with BRAF and MEK inhibitors has improved survival, but the emergence of resistance represents an important clinical challenge. Targeting ERK is a suitable strategy currently being investigated in melanoma and other cancers. To anticipate possible resistance to ERK inhibitors (ERKi), we used SCH772984 (SCH) as a model ERKi to characterize resistance mechanisms in two BRAF V600E melanoma cell lines. The ERKi-resistant cells were also resistant to vemurafenib (VMF), trametinib (TMT), and combined treatment with either VMF and SCH or TMT and SCH. Resistance to SCH involved stimulation of the IGF1R–MEK5–Erk5 signaling pathway, which counteracted inhibition of Erk1/2 activation and cell growth. Inhibition of IGF1R with linsitinib blocked Erk5 activation in SCH-resistant cells and decreased their growth in 3D spheroid growth assays as well as in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. Cells doubly resistant to VMF and TMT or to VMF and SCH also exhibited downregulated Erk1/2 activation linked to stimulation of the IGF1R–MEK5–Erk5 pathway, which accounted for resistance. In addition, we found that the decreased Erk1/2 activation in SCH-resistant cells involved reduced expression and function of TGFα. These data reveal an escape signaling route that melanoma cells use to bypass Erk1/2 blockade during targeted melanoma treatment and offer several possible targets whose disruption may circumvent resistance.

Significance:
Activation of the IGF1R–MEK5–Erk5 signaling pathway opposes pharmacologic inhibition of Erk1/2 in melanoma, leading to the reactivation of cell proliferation and acquired resistance.
Acceptability and Feasibility of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention Program for HCT Cancer Caregivers
Authors: Malkhasyan L , Lau P , Schmidt J , Jim H , Pidala J , Vinci C 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
High levels of stress have been reported amongst allogeneic HCT cancer caregivers and few treatment programs exist to provide stress management skills to this population. A pilot study was conducted to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a six-session mindfulness-based program designed specifically to meet the needs of allogeneic HCT cancer caregivers. Method: Participants completed questionnaires at baseline, end of treatment, and at a one month follow-up. Feasibility criteria consisted of participant accrual, retention, and homework completion. Measures of acceptability included the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ; scale of 1–4 [1 = Poor; 4 = Excellent]) and three questions developed for this study to capture overall usefulness of the program; the usefulness of the program in managing stress; and likelihood of continued usage of mindfulness-based strategies (scale of 1–6 [1 = Not very useful; 6 = Very Useful]). Results: Twenty-one caregivers (mean age 57.95; 79% female) were enrolled and completed baseline questionnaires. Of these, 19 attended at least one treatment session, 15 attended at least 4, and 13 attended all sessions. Thirteen completed the post-treatment questionnaires and 14 completed follow-up questionnaires. Participants reported engaging in at least one mindfulness practice daily on 58% of the days enrolled in the study. Results from the CSQ found the program to be highly satisfactory (M = 3.68; SD = 0.28), with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction. Participants responded positively to questions related to overall usefulness of the program (M = 5.36; SD = 0.93), usefulness of the program to help manage stress (M = 5.14; SD = 0.95), and likelihood of continuation of strategy use in the future (M = 5.50; SD = 1.16). At the one month follow up, 100% of participants endorsed still using some of the skills learned during the program. Discussion: These pilot study results found the mindfulness intervention to be both feasible and acceptable. Limitations include: small sample size, homogenous population, and lack of a control group. Larger, future studies are warranted to determine the efficacy of this intervention in relation to a comparison treatment condition.
Surufatinib in Advanced Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase Ib/II Trial
Authors: Xu Jianming , Li Jie , Bai Chunmei , Xu Nong , Zhou Zhiwei , Li Zhiping , Zhou Caicun , Jia Ru , Lu Ming , Cheng Yuejuan , Mao Chenyu , Wang Wei , Cheng Ke , Su Chunxia , Hua Ye , Qi Chuan , Li Jing , Wang Wei , Li Ke , Sun Qiaoling , Ren Yongxin , Su Weiguo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
No antiangiogenic treatment is yet approved for extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Surufatinib (HMPL-012, previously named sulfatinib) is a small-molecule inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor. We conducted a single-arm phase Ib/II study of surufatinib in advanced NETs.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with histologically well-differentiated, low or intermittent grade, inoperable or metastatic NETs were enrolled into a pancreatic or extrapancreatic NET cohort. Patients were treated with surufatinib 300 mg orally, once daily. The primary endpoints were safety and objective response rate (ORR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1).

Results:
Of the 81 patients enrolled, 42 had pancreatic NETs and 39 had extrapancreatic NETs. Most patients had radiologic progression within 1 year prior to enrollment (32 patients in each cohort). In the pancreatic and extrapancreatic NET cohorts, ORRs were 19% [95% confidence intervals (CI), 9–34] and 15% (95% CI, 6–31), disease control rates were 91% (95% CI, 77–97) and 92% (95% CI, 79–98), and median progression-free survival was 21.2 months (95% CI, 15.9–24.8) and 13.4 months (95% CI, 7.6–19.3), respectively. The most common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events were hypertension (33%), proteinuria (12%), hyperuricemia (10%), hypertriglyceridemia, and diarrhea (6% for each), and increased alanine aminotransferase (5%).

Conclusions:
Surufatinib showed encouraging antitumor activity and manageable toxicities in patients with advanced NETs. Two ongoing phase III studies, validating the efficacy of surufatinib in patients with NETs, will contribute to the clinical evidence.
Eurasian Cold Air Outbreaks under Different Arctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex Strengths
Authors: Huang Jinlong , Tian Wenshou 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study analyzes the differences and similarities of Eurasian cold air outbreaks (CAOs) under the weak (CAOW), strong (CAOS), and neutral (CAON) stratospheric polar vortex states and examines the potential links between the polar vortex and Eurasian CAOs. The results indicate that the colder surface air temperature (SAT) over Europe in the earlier stages of CAOW events is likely because the amplitude of the preexisting negative North Atlantic Oscillation pattern is larger in CAOW events than in CAON and CAOS events. Marked by the considerably negative stratospheric Arctic Oscillation signals entering the troposphere, the SAT at midlatitudes over eastern Eurasia in CAOW events is colder than in CAON events. A larger diabatic heating rate related to a positive sensible heat flux anomaly in CAOW events likely offsets, to some degree, the cooling effect caused by the stronger cold advection and makes the differences in area-averaged SAT anomalies over northern Eurasia between the CAOW and CAON events look insignificant in most stages. Massive anomalous waves from the low-latitude western Pacific merge over northeastern Eurasia, then weaken the westerly wind over this region to create favorable conditions for southward advection of cold air masses in the earlier stages of all three types of CAOs. This study further analyzes the interannual relationship between the stratospheric polar vortex strength and the intensity of Eurasian CAOs and finds that climate models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) relative to the reanalysis dataset tend to underestimate the correlation between them. The relationship between them is strengthening under representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) and 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenarios over the period 2006–60. In addition, the intensity of Eurasian CAOs exhibits a decreasing trend in the past and in the future.
A Neural Network Correction to the Scalar Approximation in Radiative Transfer
Authors: Castellanos Patricia , da Silva Arlindo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe next generation of advanced high-resolution sensors in geostationary orbit will gather detailed information for studying the Earth system. There is an increasing desire to perform observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) for new sensors during the development phase of the mission in order to better leverage information content from the new and existing sensors. Forward radiative transfer calculations that simulate the observing characteristics of a new instrument are the first step to an OSSE, and they are computationally intensive. The scalar approximation to the radiative transfer equation, a simplification of the vector representation, can save considerable computational cost, but produces errors in top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiance as large as 10% due to neglecting polarization effects. This article presents an artificial neural network technique to correct scalar TOA radiance over both land and ocean surfaces to within 1% of vector-calculated radiance. A neural network was trained on a database of scalar–vector TOA radiance differences at a large range of solar and viewing angles for several thousand realistic atmospheric vertical profiles that were sampled from a high-resolution (7 km) global atmospheric transport model. The profiles include Rayleigh scattering and aerosol scattering and absorption. Training and validation of the neural network was demonstrated for two wavelengths in the ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectral range (354 and 670 nm). The significant computational savings accrued from using a scalar approximation plus neural network correction approach to simulating TOA radiance will make feasible hyperspectral forward simulations of high-resolution sensors on geostationary satellites, such as Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO), GOES-R, Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS), and Sentinel-4.