bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of perioperative enteral feeding in patients with burn injuries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Cork Michelle , McArthur Alexa , Douglas Helen , Wood Fiona 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to determine whether perioperative enteral feeding improves outcomes in patients with burns.

Introduction:
Literature has identified many positive benefits of nutrition support for patients with burn injuries, including preservation of lean body mass, improved wound healing, reduced gastrointestinal permeability and enhanced immunity. Fasting for surgery can undermine the nutritional care of these patients by causing nutrient deficits. It may also negatively affect patient well-being and insulin resistance. Perioperative fasting is intended to protect patients from regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration. This research aims to investigate whether perioperative feeding impacts outcomes in patients with burn injuries.

Inclusion criteria:
This systematic review will consider studies whose participants have a burn injury. The intervention is perioperative enteral feeding (either intragastric or post-pyloric). Patients who received perioperative feeding will be compared with patients who had enteral nutrition withheld during the perioperative period. A number of outcome measures will be investigated, including mortality, length of stay, wound infection, wound healing rate and aspiration pneumonia.

Methods:
The key databases searched will be PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus. Only studies published in English will be considered. There will be no date limits. Full texts of selected studies will be retrieved and assessed against inclusion criteria. Studies that do not meet the inclusion criteria will be excluded, with reasons provided. Data synthesis will be pooled in a statistical meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis will be conducted where possible. Where statistical pooling is not possible, the findings will be presented in narrative form.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42018119034
Reduced computational modelling of Kölliker‐Fuse contributions to breathing patterns in Rett syndrome
Authors: Wittman Samuel , Abdala Ana Paula , Rubin Jonathan E. 
Published: March 2019

Key points
Reduced computational models are used to test effects of loss of inhibition to the Kölliker‐Fuse nucleus (KFn).
Three reduced computational models that simulate eupnoeic and vagotomized respiratory rhythms are considered.
All models exhibit the emergence of respiratory perturbations associated with Rett syndrome as inhibition to the KFn is diminished.
Simulations suggest that application of 5‐HT1A agonists can mitigate the respiratory pathology.
The three models can be distinguished and tested based on their predictions about connections and dynamics within the respiratory circuit and about effects of perturbations on certain respiratory neuron populations.
AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is a developmental disorder that can lead to respiratory disturbances featuring prolonged apnoeas of variable durations. Determining the mechanisms underlying these effects at the level of respiratory neural circuits would have significant implications for treatment efforts and would also enhance our understanding of respiratory rhythm generation and control. While experimental studies have suggested possible factors contributing to the respiratory patterns of RTT, we take a novel computational approach to the investigation of RTT, which allows for direct manipulation of selected system parameters and testing of specific hypotheses. Specifically, we present three reduced computational models, developed using an established framework, all of which successfully simulate respiratory outputs across eupnoeic and vagotomized conditions. All three models show that loss of inhibition to the Kölliker‐Fuse nucleus reproduces the key respiratory alterations associated with RTT and, as suggested experimentally, that effects of 5‐HT1A agonists on the respiratory neural circuit suffice to alleviate this respiratory pathology. Each of the models makes distinct predictions regarding the neuronal populations and interactions underlying these effects, suggesting natural directions for future experimental testing.
Age-related gait standards for healthy children and young people: the GOS-ICH paediatric gait centiles
Authors: Alderson Lucy M. , Joksaite Sandra X , Kemp Jennifer , Main Eleanor , Watson Tim , Platt Frances M , Cortina-Borja Mario 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo develop paediatric gait standards in healthy children and young people.MethodsThis observational study aims to address the lack of population standards for gait measurements in children. Analysing gait in children affected by neurological or musculoskeletal conditions is an important component of paediatric assessment but is often confounded by developmental changes. The standards presented here do not require clinician expertise to interpret and offer an alternative to developmental tables of normalised gait data. Healthy children aged 1–19 years were recruited from community settings in London and Hertfordshire, UK. The GAITRite walkway was used to record measurements for each child for velocity, cadence, step length, base of support and stance, single and double support (as percentage of gait cycle). We fitted generalised linear additive models for location, scale and shape (gamlss).ResultsWe constructed percentile charts for seven gait variables measured on 624 (321 males) contemporary healthy children using a gamlss package in R. A clinical application of gait standards was explored.ConclusionAge-related, gender-specific standards for seven gait variables were developed and are presented here. They have a familiar format and can be used clinically to aid diagnoses and to monitor change over time for both medical therapy and natural history of the condition. The clinical example demonstrates the potential of the Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Paediatric Gait Centiles to enable meaningful interpretation of change in an individual’s performance and describes characteristic features of gait from a specific population throughout childhood.
Release of silicone oil and the off-label use of syringes in ophthalmology
Authors: Melo Gustavo Barreto , Emerson Geoffrey Guy , Dias Jr Celso Souza , Morais Fábio Barreto , Lima Filho Acacio de Souza , Ota Shoko , Farah Michel Eid , Rodrigues Eduardo Büchele , Maia Maurício , Belfort Jr Rubens 
Published: March 2019

Background/aimsTo assess silicone oil (SO) release by different brands of syringes used for intravitreal injection under different handling conditions.MethodsEight syringes were analysed: from the USA, Terumo 0.5 mL, Becton-Dickinson (BD) Tuberculin 1 mL, BD Luer-lok 1 mL, BD Ultra-Fine 0.3 mL and Exel Insulin 0.3 mL; from Germany, Braun Omnifix-F 1 mL and Braun Injekt-F 1 mL and from Spain, BD Plastipak 1 mL. The impact of air, priming the plunger, agitation by flicking and fluid temperature on SO release were assessed by light microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to identify the molecular compound in each syringe.ResultsFive hundred and sixty syringes were analysed. Terumo 0.5 mL and BD Ultra-Fine 0.3 mL released more SO than all others. BD Luer-lok 1 mL, BD Plastipak and Braun Omnifix-F 1 mL released little SO; BD Tuberculin 1 mL, Exel 0.3 mL and Braun Injekt-F 1 mL released the least SO. Priming the syringe and different temperatures did not significantly affect SO release. Agitation by flicking caused a significantly higher proportion of samples to have SO droplets and an increased number of oil droplets. Air had an additive effect on the release of oil in the agitation groups. FTIR identified polysiloxane in all syringes but Injekt-F.ConclusionSyringes commonly used for intravitreal injections frequently release SO droplets, especially when agitated by flicking. To avoid unnecessary ocular risks, syringes should not be agitated before intravitreal injection. It is desirable that syringes be manufactured specifically for ophthalmic use.
Prevalence and progression of aortic root dilatation in highly trained young athletes
Authors: Gati Sabiha , Malhotra Aneil , Sedgwick Catherine , Papamichael Nikolaos , Dhutia Harshil , Sharma Rajan , Child Anne H , Papadakis Michael , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesAortic root dilatation is reported in young athletes; however, it is unclear whether such remodelling is physiological or, whether it represents a potential aortopathy. This observational study investigated the prevalence and progression of aortic root dilatation in young athletes competing at regional or national level.MethodsBetween 2003 and 2015, 3781 athletes aged 19±5.9 years (63.3% male) underwent echocardiography as part of a cardiac screening programme to identify athletes with structural abnormalities. Athletes trained for an average of 16.7 hours per week. Aortic diameter was measured at the level of sinuses of Valsalva. Results were compared with 806 controls. Athletes with an enlarged aortic diameter were followed up for 5±1.5 years.ResultsAthletes revealed a larger mean aortic diameter compared with controls (28.3±4.1 vs 27.8±4.1 mm; p=0.01). The 99th percentile value for aortic diameter in the athlete cohort was defined as the upper limit and was 40 mm in males and 38 mm in females. The aortic diameter measured >40 mm in five male (0.17%) (40–43 mm) and >38 mm in six female (0.4%) (39–41 mm) athletes. During follow-up, none of the athletes with an enlarged aortic diameter showed progressive aortic enlargement compared with the first assessment (40.6±0.9 vs 40.5±0.7 mm in males; (p=0.111) and 38.3±0.6 vs 38.0±0.7 mm in females; (p=0.275)).ConclusionsA small minority (0.3%) of athletes reveal an enlarged aortic diameter. Medium-term follow-up does not reveal progressive enlargement of the aortic diameter indicative of aortopathy. Longer surveillance studies are necessary to elucidate the precise significance of an enlarged aortic diameter in athletes.
MITF Expression Predicts Therapeutic Vulnerability to p300 Inhibition in Human Melanoma
Authors: Kim Edward , Zucconi Beth E. , Wu Muzhou , Nocco Sarah E. , Meyers David J. , McGee Jean S. , Venkatesh Samantha , Cohen Daniel L. , Gonzalez Estela C. , Ryu Byungwoo , Cole Philip A. , Alani Rhoda M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Histone modifications, largely regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases, have been recognized as major regulatory mechanisms governing human diseases, including cancer. Despite significant effort and recent advances, the mechanism by which the HAT and transcriptional coactivator p300 mediates tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, we use a genetic and chemical approach to identify the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) as a critical downstream target of p300 driving human melanoma growth. Direct transcriptional control of MITF by p300-dependent histone acetylation within proximal gene regulatory regions was coupled to cellular proliferation, suggesting a significant growth regulatory axis. Further analysis revealed forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) as a key effector of the p300–MITF axis driving cell growth that is selectively activated in human melanomas. Targeted chemical inhibition of p300 acetyltransferase activity using a potent and selective catalytic p300/CBP inhibitor demonstrated significant growth inhibitory effects in melanoma cells expressing high levels of MITF. Collectively, these data confirm the critical role of the p300–MITF–FOXM1 axis in melanoma and support p300 as a promising novel epigenetic therapeutic target in human melanoma.

Significance:
These results show that MITF is a major downstream target of p300 in human melanoma whose expression is predictive of melanoma response to small-molecule inhibition of p300 HAT activity.
Динаміка активності супероксиддисмутази кіркового і мозкового шару нирок та рівень низькомолекулярних пептидів за умов скелетної травми різної тяжкості, ускладненої крововтратою
Authors: Kovalev V. V. 
Published: March 2019

Мета роботи: встановили динаміку активності супероксиддисмутази кіркового і мозкового шару нирок та рівень низькомолекулярних пептидів за умов скелетної травми різної тяжкості, ускладненої крововтратою.
Матеріали і методи. Експерименти виконано на 98 нелінійних білих щурах-самцях масою 180–200 г, які знаходилися на стандартному раціоні віварію. Усіх тварин розділили на 4 групи: контрольна 8 тварин та три дослідні – по 30 тварин. У контрольній групі щурів тільки водили в наркоз (тіопентал натрію, 40 мг×кг-1). У першій дослідній групі під тіопентало-натрієвим знеболенням моделювали скелетну травму шляхом нанесення дозованого удару по стегні, який зумовив закритий перелом, у другій – додатково моделювали крововтрату 20–22 % ОЦК із введенням автокрові в порожнину живота із розрахунку 0,5 мл на 100 г маси тварини. У третій дослідній групі наносили травму, аналогічно як у групі другій дослідній, проте додатково викликали закритий перелом суміжного стегна. Щурів виводили з експерименту в умовах знеболення через 1, 3 і 7 діб після моделювання травм методом тотального кровопускання з серця. У гомогенаті кіркового і мозкового шару нирок визначали активність супероксиддисмутази, в сироватці крові визначали вміст молекул середньої маси при довжині хвилі 238 нм, які свідчать про вміст низькомолекулярних пептидів.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. За умов модельованих травм зростає активність супероксиддисмутази в кірковому і мозковому шарах нирок. При ізольованій травмі показник досягає максимуму через 3 доби й до 7 доби повертається до рівня контролю. При поєднанні перелому стегна з крововтратою активізація супероксиддисмутази у кірковому шарі стає більш вираженою з максимумом теж через 3 доби після нанесення травми. Аналогічної величини показник досягає й за умов додаткового ураження суміжного стегна. У подальшому показник знижується. Якщо на тлі перелому стегна з крововтратою показник повертається до рівня контролю, то при переломі обох стегон і крововтраті стає істотно нижчою від рівня контролю, що вказує на виснаження антиоксидантного захисту. У мозковому шарі додаткова крововтрата у гострий період травматичної хвороби теж сприяє більші активації супероксиддисмутази, ніж за умов ізольованої скелетної травми. Проте після перелому обох стегон і крововтрати виснаження супероксиддисмутази в мозковому шарі нирок спостерігали вже з 3 доби, а через 7 діб показник ставав істотно нижче від контролю. За умов скелетної травми, поєднаної з крововтратою, в сироватці крові з 1 до 7 доби посттравматичного періоду поступово наростав вміст низькомолекулярних пептидів і ставав суттєво більший при одночасному пошкодженні обох стегон.
Перший досвід міні-лапароскопічної холецистектомії при гострому холециститі
Authors: Malinovsky A. V. , Galimon M. M. , Badion S. Yu. 
Published: March 2019

Мета роботи: оцінка результатів першого досвіду міні-лапароскопічної холецистектомії (МЛХЕ) при гострому калькульозному холециститі.
Матеріали і методи. Міні-лапароскопічна холецистектомія виконана пацієнтці 32 років з гострим калькульозним катаральним холециститом. Операцію виконано через 4 троакара: I 10 мм троакар введений в області пупка (для оптики і вилучення міхура), II 5 мм троакар введений в субксіфоїдальній області (для робочих інструментів, включно багаторазовий 5 мм кліп-аплікатор), III і IV 3 мм троакари введені в правому підребер’ї (для міні-грасперів).
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Значних технічних труднощів при операції не виникло. Хвору без ускладнень виписали до кінця 2-х діб післяопераційного періоду. Пацієнтка вказувала на менш виражений больовий синдром порівняно з традиційною лапароскопічною холецистектомією (ТЛХЕ) і оцінювала косметичний ефект як відмінний.
Використання складних клаптів для реконструкції дефектів м’яких тканин тулуба та кінцівок, зумовлених травматичним пошкодженням
Authors: Ponomarenko E. V. 
Published: March 2019

Ключові слова: травма; дефект м’яких тканин; ранова поверхня; складні клапті; кінцівки.
Мета роботи: розширити показання до використання пластичних реконструктивних втручань для раннього закриття дефектів м’яких тканин тулуба та кінцівок травматичного генезу.
Матеріали і методи. У роботі проаналізовано дані 242 хворих із дефектами м’яких тканин тулуба та кінцівок, які виникли внаслідок механічного пошкодження. Пацієнтам було виконано 697 оперативних втручань, з них 492 (70,6 %) операцій з приводу відновлення пошкоджених тканин за період 2008 – 2016 рр.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Всі хворі розподілені на 4 групи залежно від розмірів, глибини та ступеня пошкодження м’яких тканин та інших структур тулуба й кінцівок. Перша група – 44 хворих із обмеженою ділянкою пошкодження шкіри та прилеглих тканин до глибокої фасції. Їм виконано 51 втручання з відновлення шкіри методом автодермопластики. Складні клаптів не використовували. Другу групу склали 67 хворих із великою та надвеликою рановою поверхнею й пошкодженням м’яких тканин нижче глибокої фасції. В цій групі виконано 144 оперативні втручання, з них 23 втручання складними клаптями для відновлення м’яких тканин. третю групу склали 90 хворих із дефектами покривних тканин, які виникли разом або внаслідок пошкодження кістково – суглобового апарату. Виконано 272 операції, з них 35 із використанням складних комплексів тканин. Четверта група – 41 хворий з поєднаною або множинною травмою, що супроводжується пошкодженням магістральних судин, нервів, частковим або повним відокремленням кінцівки. В цій групі виконано 220 операцій, з них 47 операцій – складними клаптями.
Excess risk of dying of other causes of cured cancer patients
Authors: Botta Laura , Gatta Gemma , Trama Annalisa , Capocaccia Riccardo 
Published: March 2019

Background: The proportion of patients cured of cancer is usually estimated with cure models assuming they have the same death risk as the general population. These patients, even when cured, often maintain an extra death risk compared to the overall population. Our aims were to estimate this extra risk, and to take it into account in estimating cure proportions and relative survival (RS). Methods: We used RS mixture model with an additional parameter expressing the extra noncancer death risk of patients, assumed constant with age. We applied the model to the SEER registries survival data (1990–1994 diagnosed patients) with colorectal, breast, and lung cancers, and followed up to 2013. Results: The estimated relative risk of death for cured patients versus the general population was 1.11 for colorectal, 1.16 for breast, and 2.17 and 2.12, respectively, for female and male lung cancers. Taking this extra risk into account leads, for all cancers, to a higher estimated proportion of cured and a lower RS of uncured patients. In addition, it leads to a higher estimated RS for all patients aged >70 years, and for lung cancer patients aged >50 years, at diagnosis. Conclusions: Mortality of survivors not directly due to the diagnosed cancer was significantly higher than in the general population. It affected the estimates of cure proportions for all age classes and RS in the elderly.
CD44v3 and CD44v6 isoforms on T cells are able to discriminate different disease activity degrees and phenotypes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Novelli L , Barbati C , Ceccarelli F , Perricone C , Spinelli F R , Alessandri C , Valesini G , Perricone R , Conti F 
Published: March 2019

Background Adhesion molecule CD44 contributes to T cell migration into target organs. A higher expression of CD44v3 and v6 isoforms has been identified on T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CD44v3/v6 on T cells of SLE patients in order to evaluate their correlation with clinical features. Methods Sixteen healthy subjects (HSs) and 33 SLE female patients were enrolled. Fifteen patients were in remission (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) = 0) and 18 patients had an active disease (SLEDAI-2K ≥ 4). Experiments were conducted by flow cytometry. Results Expression of CD44v3 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was higher in active patients compared to HSs ( p = 0.0097 and p = 0.0096). CD44v3 on CD8+ T cells was also higher in active patients compared to patients in remission ( p = 0.038). CD44v6 was higher on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from active patients compared to HSs ( p = 0.003 and p = 0.0036) and to patients in remission ( p = 0.01 and p = 0.02). In active patients the ratio CD44v3/v6 was unbalanced towards isoform v6 on both T cell populations. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, CD44v6 on CD4+ T cells was the most sensitive and specific one (specificity of 81.8%, sensitivity of 75%). Expression of CD44v6 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells correlated with the SLEDAI-2K ( p = 0.03, r = 0.38 and p = 0.02, r = 0.39). CD44v6 and CD44v3 on CD8+ T cells associated with nephritis and arthritis ( p = 0.047 and p = 0.023). Conclusions CD44v3/v6 can be used as biomarkers of disease activity and phenotypes; isoform v6 on CD4+ T cells can be useful as a diagnostic biomarker.
Analysis of the Role of Tariff Concessions in East Asia
Authors: Kawasaki Kenichi , Narayanan Badri G. , Guimbard Houssein , Kuno Arata 
Published: March 2019

While many studies focus on the impact of trade agreements, the literature has not focused on the extent of their implementation, in terms of the aspects agreed upon therein. In this article, we identify the past achievements of economic partnership agreements (EPAs) in the East Asian region in terms of tariff removals and suggest room for further economic benefits from trade liberalisation in the region. Second, we incorporate the HS6-level tariff concession dataset, which distinguishes between tariff removals agreed in these EPAs in East Asia but not yet implemented, from existing overall tariffs in 2011, in the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Database, which only incorporates enforced tariff reductions through the base-year applied tariffs. To analyse future trade integration, we include commitments that are not yet implemented. This allows us to analyse partial versus full enforcement of tariff concession commitments. Our results suggest that taking those commitments into account matters economically in East Asia. JEL Classification: D58, F13, F14, F15, F17
Impact of Age–Structure Transition on India’s Current Account Balance: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Chitgupi Aneesha 
Published: March 2019

This article studies the impact of age structure variables on the current account balance (CAB) by using panel data for 57 countries from 1980 to 2014. The Gudmundsson and Zoega (Economic Letters 123[2]:183–186, 2014) methodology is used to calculate the age-adjusted CAB for these countries and India-specific results are analysed in comparison with Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa. Empirical results show that India’s age-adjusted CAB would have experienced surpluses had it not been for the high share of its dependent population, especially the young. Further, the age-adjustment factor for India shows a gradual decline, and a larger share of working-age population in future may help in reducing its current account deficit (CAD). These results highlight the importance of demographic variables in explaining and predicting changes in the CAB and its implication for the attainment of India’s macroeconomic objective of external stabilisation. JEL Classification: E21, F32, J11