bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into microstructural formation of pulse plasma semisolid to liquid processing of Al2O3–ZrO2 eutectic ceramics
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Gang , Ouyang Jia‐Hu , Ma Yong‐Hui , Wang Yu‐Jin , Liu Zhan‐Guo , Henniche Abdelkhalek , Xie Ling‐Yun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis present work concentrated on a novel one‐step pulse discharge plasma melting method, directly from a powder mixture of nano‐sized Al2O3–ZrO2(Y2O3) to in situ fabricate Al2O3–ZrO2 binary eutectic in a short processing time. A continuous transition from submicro‐sized polycrystalline to non‐equilibrium eutectic was traced based on pulse discharge plasma semisolid to liquid processing. The uniform colony microstructure with an average inter‐lamellar or inter‐rod spacing of ~200 nm was obtained at a growth rate of ~275 μm/s, and the inter‐lamellar or inter‐rod spacing was a good fit for the inverse‐square‐root dependence of the growth rate as λa = 3.32 × v−1/2.
Does current climate explain plant disjunctions? A test using the New Zealand alpine flora
Authors: Clarke Amy G. , Lord Janice M. , Hua Xiaobin , Ohlemüller Ralf 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimMore than 90% of plant species found in New Zealand's alpine environment are endemic to New Zealand. Two particularly species‐rich regions of high endemism are located at the northern and southern ends of the South Island and several vascular alpine plant species show clear disjunct distributions between these two regions. The aim of this study was to test the ability of a climatic hypothesis to explain these disjunct distributions and to identify if the central South Island acts as a climatic barrier.LocationAlpine South Island, New Zealand.MethodsThe South Island was divided into three regions (northern, central, southern) following an established biogeographical delineation of centres of endemism. Published data were used to quantify current climatic conditions and to obtain occurrence records of all plant species occurring in the alpine areas. We first calculated overall similarity in climate and in vegetation composition above and below the tree line between the three regions. We then assessed climate niche overlap between regions for five congeneric pairs of disjunct and continuous plant species found both above and below the tree line.ResultsWhile there were broad scale similarities in climate between northern and southern centres of endemism, particular above the tree line, the central region does not appear sufficiently dissimilar to the climate of the endemism centres to conclude that it might act as a barrier between populations of the disjunct species investigated here. Instead, we showed that in geographically separated areas, disjunct species occupy less similar climates than species with a continuous range, possibly indicating a niche shift of the disjunct populations in the separated areas.Main conclusionsOur study found no support for current climate constraining the distribution of disjunct species. For all species examined, overlap existed between the climate niche of at least one disjunct northern or southern population and the climatic conditions of the central region. This overlap in climate space suggests that other abiotic and/or biotic factors are preventing the spread of disjunct species into the central South Island endemism gap.
Packaging Strategies That Save Food: A Research Agenda for 2030
Authors: Wikström Fredrik , Verghese Karli , Auras Rafael , Olsson Annika , Williams Helén , Wever Renee , Grönman Kaisa , Kvalvåg Pettersen Marit , Møller Hanne , Soukka Risto 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThoroughly considering and optimizing packaging systems can avoid food loss and waste. We suggest a number of issues that must be explored and review the associated challenges. Five main issues were recognized through the extensive experience of the authors and engagement of multiple stakeholders. The issues promoted are classified as follows: (1) identify and obtain specific data of packaging functions that influence food waste; (2) understand the total environmental burden of product/package by considering the trade‐off between product protection and preservation and environmental footprint; (3) develop understanding of how these functions should be treated in environmental footprint evaluations; (4) improve packaging design processes to also consider reducing food waste; and (5) analyze stakeholder incentives to reduce food loss and waste. Packaging measures that save food will be important to fulfill the United Nations Sustainable Development goal to halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and to reduce food losses along production and supply chains.
Influence of dissolution/reprecipitation reactions on metamorphic greenschist to amphibolite facies mica 40Ar/39Ar ages in the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet)
Authors: Airaghi Laura , Warren Clare J. , de Sigoyer Julia , Lanari Pierre , Magnin Valérie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLinking ages to metamorphic stages in rocks that have experienced low‐ to medium‐grade metamorphism can be particularly tricky due to the rarity of index minerals and the preservation of mineral or compositional relicts. The timing of metamorphism and the Mesozoic exhumation of the metasedimentary units and crystalline basement that form the internal part of the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet, Sichuan, China), are, for these reasons, still largely unconstrained, but crucial for understanding the regional tectonic evolution of eastern Tibet. In situ core‐rim 40Ar/39Ar biotite and U–Th/Pb allanite data show that amphibolite facies conditions (~10–11 kbar, 530°C to 6–7 kbar, 580°C) were reached at 210–180 Ma and that biotite records crystallization, rather than cooling, ages. These conditions are mainly recorded in the metasedimentary cover. The 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained from matrix muscovite that partially re‐equilibrated during the post peak‐P metamorphic history comprise a mixture of ages between that of early prograde muscovite relicts and the timing of late muscovite recrystallization at c. 140–120 Ma. This event marks a previously poorly documented greenschist facies metamorphic overprint. This latest stage is also recorded in the crystalline basement, and defines the timing of the greenschist overprint (7 ± 1 kbar, 370 ± 35°C). Numerical models of Ar diffusion show that the difference between 40Ar/39Ar biotite and muscovite ages cannot be explained by a slow and protracted cooling in an open system. The model and petrological results rather suggest that biotite and muscovite experienced different Ar retention and resetting histories. The Ar record in mica of the studied low‐ to medium‐grade rocks seems to be mainly controlled by dissolution–reprecipitation processes rather than by diffusive loss, and by different microstructural positions in the sample. Together, our data show that the metasedimentary cover was thickened and cooled independently from the basement prior to c. 140 Ma (with a relatively fast cooling at 4.5 ± 0.5°C/Ma between 185 and 140 Ma). Since the Lower Cretaceous, the metasedimentary cover and the crystalline basement experienced a coherent history during which both were partially exhumed. The Mesozoic history of the Eastern border of the Tibetan plateau is therefore complex and polyphase, and the basement was actively involved at least since the Early Cretaceous, changing our perspective on the contribution of the Cenozoic geology.
Influence of the medication environment on the unsafe medication behaviour of nurses: A path analysis
Authors: Yu Xi , Li Ce , Gao Xueqin , Liu Furong , Lin Ping 
Published: April 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore the relationship between the medication environment and the unsafe medication behaviour of nurses and to analyse its influence path.BackgroundUnsafe medication behaviour is the direct cause of medication error. The organisational environment is the foundation of and plays a guiding role in work behaviour. Whether the medication environment correlates with the unsafe medication behaviour of nurses remains unclear.DesignThis study used a correlative design with self‐administered questionnaires, and the SHEL model, an acronym of its elements of software, hardware, environment and liveware, was used as the framework for the medication environment.MethodsA survey was conducted among 1,012 clinical nurses from five tertiary hospitals in China using the nurse unsafe medication behaviour scale and the nurses’ perceptions of the medication environment scale. Data were collected from January–February 2017. Path analyses were used to examine the hypothesised model.ResultsThe medication environment correlated negatively with unsafe medication behaviour (r = −.48, p < .001). The path analysis showed that software, liveware and nurses’ personal factors directly affected unsafe medication behaviour. Software, hardware and the environment indirectly influenced unsafe medication behaviour, and nurses’ personal factors played a mediating role in the relationships of unsafe medication behaviour with software, hardware and the environment.ConclusionThe unsafe medication behaviour of nurses should be further improved. The medication environment was a predictor of unsafe medication behaviour. Care managers should actively improve the medication environment to reduce the incidence of unsafe medication behaviours.Relevance to clinical practiceEffective strategies for nursing are needed, particularly those that optimise the rules and regulations process and that target the development of staff training programmes. Additionally, a nonpunitive safety culture should be established, and information management and team cooperation should be strengthened.
Person‐centred leadership: A relational approach to leadership derived through action research
Authors: Cardiff Shaun , McCormack Brendan , McCance Tanya 
Published: April 2018

Aims and objectivesHow does person‐centred leadership manifest in clinical nursing.BackgroundPerson‐centred practice fosters healthful relationships and is gaining increasing attention in nursing and health care, but nothing is known about the influence of a person‐centred approach to leadership practice. Most leadership models used in nursing were originally developed outside of nursing.DesignA 3‐year participatory action research study where participant leaders planned, researched and learned from their practice development.MethodsAfter an orientation phase, four action spirals focused on: critical and creative reflective inquiries into leadership practice change; leading the implementation and evaluation of a new nursing system; facilitating storytelling sessions with staff; and annually reflecting on personal leadership change. Multiple data gathering methods offered insight into leadership development from several perspectives.ResultsCritical and creative thematic data analysis revealed a set of attributes, relational processes and contextual factors that influenced the being and becoming of a person‐centred leader. Comparing the findings with nursing leadership literature supports a conceptual framework for person‐centred leadership.ConclusionsPerson‐centred leadership is a complex, dynamic, relational and contextualised practice that aims to enable associates and leaders achieve self‐actualisation, empowerment and well‐being.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study and its conceptual framework is of relevance to practitioners, educationalists and researchers interested in developing a relational approach to nurse leadership and person‐centred cultures.
Rates and features of methamphetamine‐related presentations to emergency departments: An integrative literature review
Authors: Jones Rikki , Woods Cindy , Usher Kim 
Published: April 2018

Aims and objectivesTo review the clinical impact methamphetamine has on emergency departments by assessing the available research on the rates and features of methamphetamine‐related presentations.BackgroundGlobally, methamphetamine availability, distribution and use have rapidly increased. As a result, the number of methamphetamine‐related presentations to emergency departments has also increased. In this context, it is timely to review the rate and features of methamphetamine‐related presentations to understand the impact of methamphetamine on emergency departments and facilitate the allocation of services, staff and resources.DesignAn integrative literature review.MethodsThis study presents an integrated literature review, following the systematic review process as outlined in the PRISMA flow chart. Several databases were searched using a combination of search terms. Articles were measured against inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the final ten articles were subjected to quality appraisal and outcomes reported.ResultsMethamphetamine accounted for 2.3% or less of all emergency departments presentations. The majority of methamphetamine users presenting to emergency departments were males, with a mean age 31–37. Methamphetamine‐related presentations to emergency departments were more likely to present with trauma, psychosis, and be placed on 24‐hr psychiatric hold. Methamphetamine‐related presentations were more likely to present with agitation, aggression and homicidal behaviour and present to emergency departments out of hours and accompanied by police compared with other emergency departments substance‐related presentations.ConclusionsSeveral important themes were highlighted in this review that has an impact on emergency departments services, resources and staff. Understanding the rate and patterns of methamphetamine‐related presentations can help to provide evidence for policy development and staff education in emergency departments.Relevance to clinical practiceMethamphetamine‐related presenters are more aggressive and agitated and more likely to be brought in by police. There is a need for policy development and staff training around these issues and further research in this area using stronger study designs.
Family involvement in rehabilitation: Coronary artery disease—patients' perspectives
Authors: Tuomisto Sonja , Koivula Meeri , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi , Helminen Mika 
Published: April 2018

Aims and objectivesTo describe coronary artery disease patients' perceptions of family involvement in rehabilitation and the connection between background factors and family involvement.BackgroundCoronary artery disease patients' hospital stays can be very concise. Family members can support rehabilitation, but many challenges can emerge. There is a need to nurture patients and family members in an individual way and to recognise their concerns. More accurate patient education should be available for patients and their family members.DesignThis study is a descriptive cross‐sectional study.MethodsData were collected from patients with coronary artery disease at least 6 weeks after discharge from hospital (n = 169) with a postal questionnaire. The Family Involvement in Rehabilitation (FIRE) scale measures family members' promotion of patients' rehabilitation and issues encumbering rehabilitation in family. The data have been analysed with statistical methods. Both parametric and nonparametric tests were used to evaluate group differences.ResultsPatients with coronary artery disease perceived that family promotes their rehabilitation significantly. Respondents also perceived challenges at home. Family relations before hospitalisation were related to all subareas of family promoting rehabilitation and one subarea of issues encumbering rehabilitation in family. Patients with symptoms at rest also had more encumbrance on their rehabilitation. Patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery perceived more challenges than percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients in many subareas of issues encumbering rehabilitation in family.ConclusionsFamily relations prior to illness and the rigour of heart symptoms are significantly relevant to challenges that can occur between patient and their family members.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare staff need to pay attention to coronary artery disease patients' individual situation, and patient education should be more family‐centred. In the future, it would be noteworthy to collect more data from family members of patients with coronary artery disease and to find out their perceptions of family involvement.
Candoshi Color Terms
Authors: Kay Paul 
Published: April 2018

Alexandre Surrallés [S] (2016) claims that the language isolate Candoshi of Amazonian Peru contains no names for colors, contrary to what has been reported for the World Color Survey [WCS] (Kay et al. , Kay et al. , among others, and by Tuggy 2008). S's arguments are not persuasive and there is evidence independent of the WCS that the Candoshi language does indeed contain color terms. Moreover, we will see that the Candoshi color terms, when viewed in a comparative and historical perspective, divide up the color space in a way that fits a widespread historical pattern.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life, Peri‐Implant and Kinesiograph Parameters in Wearers of One‐or Two‐Implant Mandibular Overdentures
Authors: Policastro Vivian Barnabé , Paleari André Gustavo , Leite Andressa Rosa Perin , Mendoza‐Marin Danny Omar , Cassiano Ana Flávia Balestrero , Shaddox Luciana Machion , Compagnoni Marco Antonio , Pero Ana Carolina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeThe present randomized clinical trial compared the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL), peri‐implant parameters, mandible movements, and maxillary complete denture movement during chewing between wearers of single‐ (1‐IOD) and wearers of two‐implant overdentures (2‐IODs) for a period of 12 months.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one complete denture wearers were randomly allocated into two parallel groups: 1‐IOD (n = 11) or 2‐IODs (n = 10). The validated Brazilian version of the OHIP‐EDENT was used to evaluate the OHRQoL. A kinesiograph recorded maxillary complete denture movement during chewing of hard food testing (polysulphide impression material) and soft food testing (bread). Peri‐implant parameters were also recorded: plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD). The Friedman test was used to compare the OHRQoL data and peri‐implant parameters among periods; the Mann–Whitney test was performed to compare the groups (1‐ and 2‐IODs). One‐way ANOVA and the Bonferroni test were used to compare mandible movement during chewing among periods, and the t‐test for independent samples was used to compare the groups. Maxillary complete denture movement was analyzed using three‐way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test. All statistical analyses were performed at α = 0.05.ResultsBoth treatments led to better general OHRQoL in comparison to conventional complete dentures (p < 0.001). Better OHRQoL was observed among 2‐IOD patients at the 12‐month follow up (p = 0.034). Peri‐implant parameters were similar irrespective of the group and follow‐up period. Vertical opening was significantly higher among 1‐IOD patients at 3 months (p = 0.038). Decreased maxillary denture vertical intrusions were observed with complete dentures in comparison with overdentures (p = 0.006), regardless of the food test (p = 0.251); however, vertical intrusion was significantly higher among 1‐IOD patients (p = 0.043).ConclusionsThis study suggested that 1‐IOD can improve patient OHRQoL and may be similar to 2‐IODs in preservation of both peri‐implant parameters and masticatory movements.
Marginal Adaptation of CAD/CAM All‐Ceramic Crowns Made by Different Impression Methods: A Literature Review
Authors: Memari Yeganeh , Mohajerfar Maryam , Armin Anahid , Kamalian Fatemeh , Rezayani Vida , Beyabanaki Elaheh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAll‐ceramic crowns for teeth are widely used for restoring teeth. Stone casts have been made from conventional impression methods; however, newer techniques have made this process easier and faster for both the patient and the practitioner. Laboratory CAD/CAM technology mainly involves scanning the die stone, while other systems permit impression or intraoral scanning; however, one major concern remaining is the marginal fit of the restorations made using different methods for recording the prepared teeth. This study aims to review studies evaluating the marginal fit of all‐ceramic crowns manufactured by CAD/CAM systems using different extra‐ and intra‐oral scanners compared to conventional impressions.
How Does Juvenile Offending Relate to Mothers' Aspirations and Expectations for Their Sons?
Authors: Cavanagh Caitlin , Mahler Alissa , Cauffman Elizabeth 
Published: April 2018

Mothers of 317 first‐time juvenile offenders (M = 15.35 years old) were interviewed over 2.5 years about their expectations and aspirations for their sons' futures. Mothers' expectations were lower than their aspirations, reflecting a discrepancy between what mothers felt was important for their child's future and what they considered likely to happen. As their children continued to engage in delinquent acts, mothers' expectations for their sons' future success diminished. Youth age moderated the association between delinquency and maternal expectations, such that when perceived delinquency was high, expectations were lower for mothers of young sons compared to mothers of older sons. These findings carry implications for practice and intervention, as parent expectations and aspirations are both directly and indirectly associated with youth achievement.
Elephant‐mediated compositional changes in riparian canopy trees over more than two decades in northern Botswana
Authors: Teren Gabriella , Owen‐Smith Norman , Erasmus Barend F. N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractQuestionsHow has the composition and diversity of canopy tree species in a riparian woodland changed over time? How are the compositional changes related to impact of elephants? Does the composition of juvenile plants indicate that the woodland retains the potential to recover its former composition?LocationNorthern Botswana adjoining the Linyanti River.MethodsWe assessed the species composition of the riparian woodland in 2007/2008 along belt transects, recording living and dead individuals in different size classes plus signs of elephant damage and the presence of juvenile plants. We related this current composition to the composition recorded in a previous survey in 1991/1992 and reconstructed the earlier composition by combining living and dead trees recorded in 1991/1992. We established the association between mortality and impact agent, severity, year and size class using model selection statistics. Changes in species diversity were assessed using the Shannon diversity index.ResultsThe composition of canopy trees changed from the initial dominance of two Acacia spp. towards the current situation with these two species forming <5% of the woodland canopy. Dead trees were strongly associated with severe damage inflicted by elephants, including bark stripping and felling. As the acacia trees declined, elephant impacts shifted onto other canopy tree species. The woodland canopy became progressively more open because recruitment from juvenile and sapling stages to replace trees that had died was also suppressed. Nevertheless, the tree species that had decreased in abundance in the canopy remained abundant as juvenile plants.ConclusionSubstantial changes in woodland composition can occur in the presence of high elephant concentrations because of the selective damage that elephants impose on particular tree species and size classes. The loss of functionally important species may not be reflected by changes in compositional diversity measures.