bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired lung function in children and adolescents with Fontan circulation may improve after endurance training
Authors: Hedlund Eva R. , Ljungberg Henrik , Söderström Liselott , Lundell Bo , Sjöberg Gunnar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this research was to study lung function, physical capacity, and effect of endurance training in children and adolescents after Fontan palliation compared with healthy matched controls.MethodsFontan patients (n=30) and healthy matched control patients (n=25) performed dynamic and static spirometry, and pulmonary diffusing capacity and maximal oxygen uptake tests, before and after a 12-week endurance training programme and at follow-up after 1 year.ResultsFontan patients had a restrictive lung pattern, reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity (4.27±1.16 versus 6.61±1.88 mmol/kPa/minute, p<0.001), and a reduced maximal oxygen uptake (35.0±5.1 versus 43.7±8.4 ml/minute/kg, p<0.001) compared with controls. Patients had air trapping with a higher portion of residual volume of total lung capacity compared with controls (26±6 versus 22±5%, p<0.05). Vital capacity increased for patients, from 2.80±0.97 to 2.91±0.95 L, p<0.05, but not for controls after endurance training. The difference in diffusing capacity between patients and controls appeared to be greater with increasing age.ConclusionsFontan patients have a restrictive lung pattern, reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity, and reduced maximal oxygen uptake compared with healthy controls. Endurance training may improve vital capacity in Fontan patients. The normal increase in pulmonary diffusing capacity with age and growth was reduced in Fontan patients, which is concerning. Apart from general health effects, exercise may improve lung function in young Fontan patients and should be encouraged.
The diffusion of higher-status lexis in medieval England: the role of the clergy
Authors: INGHAM RICHARD 
Published: July 2018

For Rothwell (1998: 156) ‘words of ultimately French origin became part of the lexis of English as a result of the myriad daily contacts between Anglo-French and Middle English in the minds and under the pens of a whole literate class’. Although such contact interfaces between Francophone and Anglophone speakers clearly must have existed, not enough is known as to the means by which French-origin lexis was borrowed and diffused. I argue that a principal agency of contact-induced lexical change in Middle English was the clergy in their everyday role of spiritual guidance, whether or not they themselves composed religious texts. French loans in works of spiritual guidance are known to be common from the thirteenth-centuryAncrene Wisseonwards (Trotter 2003a). According to contemporaneous sources, English clerics received a Francophone-medium school education (Orme 1973), which would have familiarised them with the French vocabulary used in religious instruction in chantry schools and beyond.The various manuscripts of theCursor Mundi, a work of lay religious instruction probably composed around 1300, also offer a revealing window on the process of lexical innovation and replacement instigated by the clergy. An analysis of variant lexical forms, native and French-origin, found in the first 10,000 lines of this work shows that the latter would go on to replace native items the majority of the time. The loss of many native variants, e.g.niþ,menskandþole, and their replacement, respectively, byenvy,honourandsuffer, can be attributed to the role played by the clergy in diffusing French-origin items in the domains of discourse they dominated. Rather than merely reflecting the pre-existing lexical knowledge of monolingual English speakers, the clergy's use of such items initially introduced and then maintained French-origin lexemes in at least the receptive competence of such speakers. Their regular and widespread contact with the population at large would have enabled the take-up of lexical innovation via the spoken medium, thus motivating the use observed in homiletic and devotional written texts of extensive French-origin lexis.
Assessing basis risk in index-based longevity swap transactions
Authors: Li Jackie , Li Johnny Siu-Hang , Tan Chong It , Tickle Leonie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we carry out an investigation on modelling basis risk and measuring risk reduction in a longevity hedge constructed by index-based longevity swaps. We derive the fitting procedures of the M7-M5 and common age effect+Cohorts models and define the level of longevity risk reduction. Based on a wide range of hedging scenarios of pension plans, we find that the risk reduction levels are often around 50%–80% for a large plan, while the risk reduction estimates are usually smaller than 50% for a small plan. Moreover, index-based hedging looks more effective under a more precise hedging scheme. We also perform a detailed sensitivity analysis on the hedging results. The most important modelling features are the behaviour of simulated future variability, portfolio size, speed of reaching coherence, data size and characteristics, simulation method, and mortality structural changes.
Mutual coupling reduction with a wideband planar decoupling structure for UWB–MIMO antennas
Authors: Radhi Alaa H. , Nilavalan R. , Wang Yi , Al-Raweshidy H. S. , Eltokhy Amira A. , Ab Aziz Nur 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA new planar multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for ultra wideband (UWB) applications is presented. The proposed antenna operates over the frequency band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz and it consists of two identical circular monopoles on an FR4 substrate. The wide isolation is achieved through a novel planar decoupling structure that is being inserted between the dual antennas. Moreover, a center slot is etched on the common ground to further increase isolation. The effectiveness of the decoupling structure is analyzed, and performance study has been performed to investigate the mutual coupling reduction. A good isolation of more than 31 dB has been achieved through the entire UWB band (more than 12 dB improvement over the reference antenna). The proposed UWB antenna with and without the wideband decoupling structure has been investigated and verified both numerically and experimentally. The measurement results of the proposed UWB–MIMO antenna are in good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed UWB antenna has been compared with previous works regarding antenna size, geometric complexity, bandwidth, and isolation level. The proposed antenna has some outstanding characteristics such as a geometric simplicity, compact size, broad bandwidth, and low correlation which give the antenna an excellent diversity performance and a good candidate for UWB applications.
A negative permittivity metamaterial composed of planar resonators with randomly detuned resonant frequencies and randomly distributed in space
Authors: Machac Jan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates metamaterials composed of resonant particles with negative electric polarizability located in a three-dimensional net. The main problem in fabricating these materials is the spread of the resonant frequencies of particular planar resonators. This spread is caused by the tolerances of the fabrication process for planar resonators. The simulation shows that there is a limit to the dispersion of resonant frequencies that allow the metamaterial to behave as a metamaterial with negative effective permittivity. Two metamaterials with a negative real part of the effective permittivity were designed on the basis of simulations. The first metamaterial has a regular periodic structure. The second is a metamaterial in which the resonant particles are randomly distributed both in space and in orientation, and it offers an isotropic response. This metamaterial was fabricated by inserting planar resonators into plastic shells that can be poured into any volume and ensure a random distribution of the resonant particles in space. The results of the simulations have been verified by measurements.
Familien mit Methamphetamin-Konsum – Risiken und Hilfen für Mutter und Kind
Authors: Dinger Jürgen , Menz Heike , Nitzsche Katharina , Schmidt Uwe , S. Zimmermann Ulrich , Reichert Jörg 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die Anzahl von Methamphetamin-Konsumierenden ist in Sachsen in den zurückliegenden Jahren sprunghaft angestiegen. Unter ihnen finden sich gehäuft auch junge Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter. Eine Unterstützung mit dem Ziel, die Auswirkungen des Drogenmissbrauches auf das Neugeborene zu minimieren, sollte rechtzeitig, spätestens während der Schwangerschaft, besser noch davor beginnen. Zur Entwicklung entsprechender Angebote sind Kenntnisse hinsichtlich der persönlichen Bedingungen der Frauen sowie der Besonderheiten der kindlichen Entwicklung nach fetaler Drogenexposition erforderlich. Methode: Hierzu wurden ausgewählte Daten von 164 Frauen sowie ihren neugeborenen Kindern analysiert, die von 2007 bis 2016 unmittelbar postnatal stationär an einem Perinatalzentrum wegen des mütterlichen Drogenkonsums aufgenommen und behandelt wurden. Ergebnisse: Etwa zwei Drittel der Frauen waren zum Zeitpunkt der Entbindung zwischen 20 und 30 Jahren alt, nur 48 % nahmen die erste Vorsorgeuntersuchung vor der 13. Schwangerschaftswoche wahr. Bei den Neugeborenen fielen pathologische Befunde an Herz, Urogenitalsystem und ZNS sowie eine heterogene klinische Symptomatik auf. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Daten sollen die in der Geburtshilfe und Kindermedizin Tätigen sensibilisieren, um adäquate Hilfen anbieten zu können. Ein Modell einer im Klinikverbund (Frauenklinik, Kinderklinik, Klinik für Psychiatrie) organisierten zeitgleichen Entzugs-Komplexbehandlung von Mutter und Kind – „MAMADAM – Mama denk’ an mich“ – wird vorgestellt. Schlüsselwörter: Methamphetamin; fetale Drogenexposition; mütterlicher Drogenkonsum; Methamphetamin-induzierte Schädigung des Kindes; Entzugsbehandlung von Mutter und Kind
Seismicity Induced by Simultaneous Abrupt Changes of Injection Rate and Well Pressure in Hutubi Gas Field
Authors: Tang Lanlan , Lu Zhou , Zhang Miao , Sun Li , Wen Lianxing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHutubi gas field, the largest gas storage field in China, has been operated on annual injection/extraction cycles since 9 June 2013. We study the seismicity near the gas field from 9 June 2013 to 22 October 2015, a time span that the gas field has experienced three injection periods and two extraction periods, and explore its physical mechanism based on the relationship between seismicity and field operation. We identify 273 events (ML > 1) in the region within 10 km of the gas field, with 97% of those occurring in the first two injection periods, 0.4% in the third injection period, and 1% in the two extraction periods. Seismicity in the first two injection periods occurs mostly as shallow clusters (focal depth < 2 km) at two locations: with one along the fault that marks the southern boundary of the gas field and the other about 2 km south to the southeastern tip of the gas field with the seismicity distributed along north‐south direction. The seismicity does not correlate with total gas injection volume, injection rate, or well pressure. It instead occurs 11–17 hr after simultaneous abrupt increases/decreases of gas injection rate and well pressure in the field operation in the first two injection periods when some accumulative injection has reached. Such relationship is consistent with a physical mechanism that the seismicity near Hutubi gas field is induced on pore‐pressured faults with a rate‐ and state‐dependent friction law through an abrupt change of stress in elastic and undrained poroelastic responses to simultaneous abrupt changes of injection rate and well pressure. Our study also points to the possibility that induced seismicity may be controllable in some practical field operations.
Using Sky‐Wave Echoes Information to Extend HFSWR's Maximum Detection Range
Authors: Zhao Mengxiao , Zhang Xin , Yang Qiang , Deng Weibo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHigh Frequency Surface Wave Radar's (HFSWR) main propagation mode, ground wave, can only spread to about 500 km as ground attenuation, much shorter than sky wave that can spread to thousands of kilometers through ionospheric reflection. Due to the poor steerability of HFSWR's vertical directional diagrams, sky‐wave echoes (ionospheric echoes) can also be received in HFSWR, which could be used to extend HFSWR's maximum detection range. Nevertheless, the delay time of long‐range target echo may exceed the pulse repetition period when the target exceeds the original maximum detection range, resulting that the target cannot be detected correctly, which is the so‐called range ambiguity. To maintain HFSWR's performance within its original maximum detection range, we consider using P4 polyphase code's cross‐correlation properties to solve the range ambiguity rather than changing the parameters of the transmitted signal or using multipulse repetition frequency signal. In this paper, we analyze HFSWR's multipath phenomenon first. Then we propose a range ambiguity resolution method to detect long‐range target correctly with P4 code cross‐correlation properties. Subsequently, we give the simulation data processing result, which testifies that using P4 code cross correlation can solve range ambiguity correctly and can extend the maximum detection range to P (group number of P4 code) times the original maximum detection range. Finally, we process the actual data collected in Weihai, China, with this method and detect some targets beyond the original maximum distance.
Generalization of the optical theorem: experimental proof for radially polarized beams
Authors: Krasavin Alexey V. , Segovia Paulina , Dubrovka Rostyslav , Olivier Nicolas , Wurtz Gregory A. , Ginzburg Pavel , Zayats Anatoly V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe optical theorem, which is a consequence of the energy conservation in scattering processes, directly relates the forward scattering amplitude to the extinction cross-section of the object. Originally derived for planar scalar waves, it neglects the complex structure of the focused beams and the vectorial nature of the electromagnetic field. On the other hand, radially or azimuthally polarized fields and various vortex beams, essential in modern photonic technologies, possess a prominent vectorial field structure. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a complete violation of the commonly used form of the optical theorem for radially polarized beams at both visible and microwave frequencies. We show that a plasmonic particle illuminated by such a beam exhibits strong extinction, while the scattering in the forward direction is zero. The generalized formulation of the optical theorem provides agreement with the observed results. The reported effect is vital for the understanding and design of the interaction of complex vector beams carrying longitudinal field components with subwavelength objects important in imaging, communications, nanoparticle manipulation, and detection, as well as metrology.
FOXC1 plays a crucial role in the growth of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Subramani Ramadevi , Camacho Fernando A. , Levin Carly Ivy , Flores Kristina , Clift Alexa , Galvez Adriana , Terres Mauricio , Rivera Servando , Kolli Sai Navana , Dodderer Joshua , Miranda Megan , Rodriguez Alejandro , Pedroza Diego A. , Chatterjee Animesh , Lakshmanaswamy Rajkumar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIGF-1R signaling controls various vital cellular functions and this signaling is deregulated in many cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Several efforts have mainly focused on inhibiting the IGF-1R signaling cascade. The outcomes of these focused preclinical studies have been positive, whereas clinical trials of IGF-1R inhibitors in pancreatic cancer have failed, raising the questions about this therapeutic approach. This necessitates a better understanding of the role of IGF-1R signaling in pancreatic cancer. We investigated the impact of IGF-1R signaling on crucial transcription factors and identified the FOXC1 as one of the crucial regulator of IGF-1R signaling. We employed genetic approaches to overexpress and silence FOXC1 in pancreatic cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that IGF-1R and FOXC1 seem to positively regulate each other. Further, FOXC1 increased the metastatic abilities of pancreatic cancer cells by enhancing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. The data from xenograft experiments further established the importance of FOXC1 in pancreatic tumorigenesis. In conclusion, FOXC1 is a potent oncogenic transcription factor, which promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. Thus, targeting FOXC1 could be a potential therapeutic strategy against pancreatic cancer.
Dietary fat-associated osteoarthritic chondrocytes gain resistance to lipotoxicity through PKCK2/STAMP2/FSP27
Authors: Lee Sung Won , Rho Jee Hyun , Lee Sang Yeob , Chung Won Tae , Oh Yoo Jin , Kim Jung Ha , Yoo Seung Hee , Kwon Woo Young , Bae Ju Yong , Seo Su Young , Sun Hokeun , Kim Hye Young , Yoo Young Hyun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFree fatty acids (FFAs), which are elevated with metabolic syndrome, are considered the principal offender exerting lipotoxicity. Few previous studies have reported a causal relationship between FFAs and osteoarthritis pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism by which FFAs exert lipotoxicity and induce osteoarthritis remains largely unknown. We here observed that oleate at the usual clinical range does not exert lipotoxicity while oleate at high pathological ranges exerted lipotoxicity through apoptosis in articular chondrocytes. By investigating the differential effect of oleate at toxic and nontoxic concentrations, we revealed that lipid droplet (LD) accumulation confers articular chondrocytes, the resistance to lipotoxicity. Using high fat diet-induced osteoarthritis models and articular chondrocytes treated with oleate alone or oleate plus palmitate, we demonstrated that articular chondrocytes gain resistance to lipotoxicity through protein kinase casein kinase 2 (PKCK2)—six-transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2)—and fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27)-mediated LD accumulation. We further observed that the exertion of FFAs-induced lipotoxicity was correlated with the increased concentration of cellular FFAs freed from LDs, whether FFAs are saturated or not. In conclusion, PKCK2/STAMP2/FSP27-mediated sequestration of FFAs in LD rescues osteoarthritic chondrocytes. PKCK2/STAMP2/FSP27 should be considered for interventions against metabolic OA.
A multifunctional human monoclonal neutralizing antibody that targets a unique conserved epitope on influenza HA
Authors: Bangaru Sandhya , Zhang Heng , Gilchuk Iuliia M. , Voss Thomas G. , Irving Ryan P. , Gilchuk Pavlo , Matta Pranathi , Zhu Xueyong , Lang Shanshan , Nieusma Travis , Richt Juergen A. , Albrecht Randy A. , Vanderven Hillary A. , Bombardi Robin , Kent Stephen J. , Ward Andrew B. , Wilson Ian A. , Crowe James E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe high rate of antigenic drift in seasonal influenza viruses necessitates frequent changes in vaccine composition. Recent seasonal H3 vaccines do not protect against swine-origin H3N2 variant (H3N2v) strains that recently have caused severe human infections. Here, we report a human VH1-69 gene-encoded monoclonal antibody (mAb) designated H3v-47 that exhibits potent cross-reactive neutralization activity against human and swine H3N2 viruses that circulated since 1989. The crystal structure and electron microscopy reconstruction of H3v-47 Fab with the H3N2v hemagglutinin (HA) identify a unique epitope spanning the vestigial esterase and receptor-binding subdomains that is distinct from that of any known neutralizing antibody for influenza A H3 viruses. MAb H3v-47 functions largely by blocking viral egress from infected cells. Interestingly, H3v-47 also engages Fcγ receptor and mediates antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). This newly identified conserved epitope can be used in design of novel immunogens for development of broadly protective H3 vaccines.
Integrative genomic analysis of adult mixed phenotype acute leukemia delineates lineage associated molecular subtypes
Authors: Takahashi Koichi , Wang Feng , Morita Kiyomi , Yan Yuanqing , Hu Peter , Zhao Pei , Zhar Abdallah Abou , Wu Chang Jiun , Gumbs Curtis , Little Latasha , Tippen Samantha , Thornton Rebecca , Coyle Marcus , Mendoza Marisela , Thompson Erika , Zhang Jianhua , DiNardo Courtney D. , Jain Nitin , Ravandi Farhad , Cortes Jorge E. , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Kornblau Steven , Andreeff Michael , Jabbour Elias , Bueso-Ramos Carlos , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Konopleva Marina , Patel Keyur , Kantarjian Hagop , Futreal P. Andrew 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare subtype of acute leukemia characterized by leukemic blasts presenting myeloid and lymphoid markers. Here we report data from integrated genomic analysis on 31 MPAL samples and compare molecular profiling with that from acute myeloid leukemia (AML), B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Consistent with the mixed immunophenotype, both AML-type and ALL-type mutations are detected in MPAL. Myeloid-B and myeloid-T MPAL show distinct mutation and methylation signatures that are associated with differences in lineage-commitment gene expressions. Genome-wide methylation comparison among MPAL, AML, B-ALL, and T-ALL sub-classifies MPAL into AML-type and ALL-type MPAL, which is associated with better clinical response when lineage-matched therapy is given. These results elucidate the genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity of MPAL and its genetic distinction from AML, B-ALL, and T-ALL and further provide proof of concept for a molecularly guided precision therapy approach in MPAL.
Patterns of genomic evolution in advanced melanoma
Authors: Birkeland E. , Zhang S. , Poduval D. , Geisler J. , Nakken S. , Vodak D. , Meza-Zepeda L. A. , Hovig E. , Myklebost O. , Knappskog S. , Lønning P. E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGenomic alterations occurring during melanoma progression and the resulting genomic heterogeneity between metastatic deposits remain incompletely understood. Analyzing 86 metastatic melanoma deposits from 53 patients with whole-exome sequencing (WES), we show a low branch to trunk mutation ratio and little intermetastatic heterogeneity, with driver mutations almost completely shared between lesions. Branch mutations consistent with UV damage indicate that metastases may arise from different subclones in the primary tumor. Selective gain of mutated BRAF alleles occurs as an early event, contrasting whole-genome duplication (WGD) occurring as a late truncal event in about 40% of cases. One patient revealed elevated mutational diversity, probably related to previous chemotherapy and DNA repair defects. In another patient having received radiotherapy toward a lymph node metastasis, we detected a radiotherapy-related mutational signature in two subsequent distant relapses, consistent with secondary metastatic seeding. Our findings add to the understanding of genomic evolution in metastatic melanomas.