bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afshar Nader Shah: Military Leadership, Strategy and the Armed Forces During his Reign
Authors: ERMAN Kubilayhan 
Published: October 2018

In the first half of the 18th century, Afshar Nader Shah had played an essential role in the history of Iran and the countries around. It was an area extending from the northeastern boundries of the Ottoman Empire to India and from Oman to Transoxiana wherein more than ten independent states exist in the present day. Nader Shah has been renowned most widely for having recovered the usurped Iranian throne from the Ghilzai Afghans and for uniting the country. However a considerable amount of literature has touched upon his military career, striking achievements and the armed forces during his reign. There has been a unanimity among the majority of the researchers that he was one of the unusual military leaders of the history who had grown up facing hardships and precious lessons of the battlegrounds. He had felt certain admiration for Timur who had once reigned over almost the same area. The army of Nader Shah had borne traces of previous Turkish and Safavid armies. On the other hand he had blended the prominent features, namely, mobility and firepower of either armies and developed an idiosyncratic military organization which was suitable for fighting over a vast area with diverse geographical features.
Özbek Şair Mahmut Hâdi (Batu) ve Eserleri Hakkında
Authors: YELOK Veli Savaş 
Published: October 2018

Mahmut Hâdi, müstebit Sovyet Devletinde, milletinin bilinçlenmesi, aydınlanması ve ilerlemesi amacıyla arayış içerisinde olan; basiretli, yetenekli, irade sahibi, mücadele ruhunu kaybetmeyen ve insani faziletleri kendisinde tecessüm ettirme gayretindeki Özbek aydınlarındandır. Özbekler için böyle bir mücadelenin bayraktarlığını yaparken, sistem onu “inkılâp karşıtı ve milliyetçi olma” suçlamalarıyla itham eder. Hâdi, yeni dönem Özbek edebiyatının başlatıcıları arasında yer alır, eserlerini Batu mahlasıyla yayımlar. O, 1918 yılında Said Ahrârî’nin teşebbüsüyle Vatan adlı okulun idaresinde teşkil edilen İzci Birliğinin ve 1919-1921 yıllarında da Fıtrat’ın teşebbüsüyle oluşturulan Çığatay Gurungi teşkilatının faaliyetlerine iştirak eder. 1922-1927 yılları arasında Moskova Devlet Üniversitesi Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi İktisat Bölümünde tahsil görür. İlk şiirleri 1919 yılında yayımlanan Hâdi’nin eserlerinde Fıtrat, Çolpan ve Elbek’in tesiri söz konusudur. Edebî çalışmaların yanı sıra Özbekistan’daki dil ve imla meselelerine de aktif bir şekilde dâhil olan Hâdi, Arap alfabesinden Latin alfabesine geçişin ilmî ve nazari yönleri üzerinde duran makaleler yazar; alfabe ve imla konusundaki çalışmalara katılır.Özbekistan Halk Maarif Komiserliğinde (O‘zbekiston Xalq Maorif Komissarlig‘i) de bir süre çalışan Hâdi, burada görev yaptığı süre içerisinde eğitim ve öğretim sisteminin ıslahı için bir dizi yenilikleri uygulamaya sokar. O, bu yenilikleri öncelikle, iyi yetişmiş eğitimcilerle gerçekleştirmeye; yaşlı öğreticilerden belirli amaçlar doğrultusunda yararlanmaya, mesleki ve teknik eğitim merkezlerinin sayısını artırmaya ve buraların niteliğini yükseltmeye yönelik düzenlemeleri uygulamaya sokar. Bu makalede edebiyatçı kimliğiyle Mahmut Hâdi’nin hayatı, edebî kişiliği ve eserleri hakkında bilgi verilerek onun edebî eserlerinin muhtevası üzerinde durulacaktır. Ayrıca onun dil ve edebiyat üzerine yaptığı çalışmaları hakkında bilgi verilecektir
Characterization of Microstip Transmission Lines Using Fractional-order Circuit Model
Authors: AYDİN Omer , SAMANCI Betül , ÖZOĞUZ İsmail Serdar 
Published: October 2018

5G communication technology is used in very demanding
applications, such as high-performance mobile devices, Internet of Things (IoT)
applications, and wearable devices. Therefore, unlike the previous technologies,
5G technology requires massive bandwidth, mainly within
three key frequency ranges, Sub-1 GHz, 1-6 GHz, and above 6 GHz. However, these
challenges require more accurate and wide-band characterization of the circuits
designed for 5G systems. To be specific, the losses, which can be neglected at
lower frequencies, may substantially affect the performance of these circuits
in the high frequency bands. This requires a comprehensive understanding and
proper characterization of the loss mechanism within all frequency band of 5G. This
paper investigates the viability of using the most common and easily accessible
material FR-4 in circuits designed for 5G applications, and thus focuses on the
proper modeling of the microstrip lines built around FR-4. For this purpose, we
have used the fractional-order model of the lossy dielectric material, and
ended up with a more accurate and simple model which fits well within a wide
frequency range, from 1GHz to 16GHz.
The comparative analysis of effectiveness of barley intercalar and apical meristems applying for bioindication of lead influence genotoxicity
Authors: Dikarev Vladimir G. , Geras’kin Stanislav A. , Dikarev Alexey V. , Dikareva Nina S. 
Published: October 2018

Background. Lead is the one of the major pollutants in natural and artificial ecosystems, but mechanisms of it influence on the plant organism still arent completely clear. With the growing industrial pollution of the environment, and in particular, arable lands, the methods of bioindication of chemical compounds influence on the plant organism are obtained a big significance in modern biology. The cytogenetic analysis is well proven method for assessment of the environmental stress. The current research was devoted to the analysis of the cytogenetic aberrations bounds with the biometric and biochemical indexes and productivity of barley plants, which were grown on the lead polluted soil at terms of the vegetative experiment. An estimation of the comparative effectiveness of the barley plants intercalary and apical meristem applying for the indication of the lead toxicity are presented in the current work.
Materials and methods. The vegetative experiment was carried on the barley plants variant Zazerskii 85 on the podzol loamy soil with the inserting of the nutrient elements and lead in the different concentrations at the form of salts. Plants were grown in the pots with the capacity of 5 kg by the standard methodic. For the cytogenetic analysis samples were taken on V1 phase of the ontogenesis and fixed in the acetyl alcohol. Temporary squashed preparations was stained with the acetoorsein and examined by the microscope. Frequencies of the cytogenetic anomalies and aberrant cells were scored.
Results. It was shown, that forms of dose curves of the frequencies of the aberrant cells at the intercalary and apical meristems are compatible and changes of the mitotic index arent significant. A major part of the cytogenetic anomalies are bound with the division spindle breaches. A suitability of the apical and intercalary meristems for the assessment of the heavy metals influence on the agricultural plants was proven.
Conclusions. On the base of collected data the cytogenetic analysis can be recommended as the reliable tool for the assessment of the industrial pollution consequences for the agricultural ecosystems and for the researching of the mechanisms of the living objects response to the environmental stress. For the heavy metals influence monitoring the intrecalar meristems is preferable as more sensitive, but for plants productivity prognosis the apical meristems is suitable.
Office myringoplasty by chemical cauterization and paper patching: a prospective study
Authors: Upreti Garima 
Published: October 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Surgery for tympanic membrane perforation entails its own morbidity, risk of anesthesia, psychological trauma, along with long waiting periods for patients, especially in a tertiary care centre like ours. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of chemical cauterization and patching of perforation, performed as an office procedure in select cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital from January 2016 to December 2017. The patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria, after thorough clinical assessment, examination under microscope and pure tone audiogram. All cases underwent cauterization of margins of perforation using 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), followed by patching with appropriately sized pre-sterilized cigarette paper patch. The patients were followed up weekly till the perforation was completely healed or till 12 weeks. If required, the procedure was repeated. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 68 cases were included in the study. Most common site of perforation was antero-inferior quadrant of pars tensa. Most common etiology was inflammatory. Number of applications ranged from 1 to 3. The procedure was successful in 62 cases (91.2%). All cases with traumatic perforation, residual perforation post-surgery and persistent perforation after grommet extrusion healed well. All 6 cases with treatment failure had inflammatory etiology, 4 involving postero-superior quadrant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In patients with small, central, dry perforation of tympanic membrane, chemical cauterization using TCA and paper patching can yield results comparable to that of surgery, while abating the morbidity and psychological trauma of surgery and saving time for both patient and doctor.</p>
Use of morphometry in the arborization of Paragominas city, Pará, Brazil, with Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Rocha Martins Walmer Bruno , De Oliveira Victor Pereira , Roque Lima Michael Douglas 
Published: October 2018

The study of the morphometry of individual trees, especially those planted in urban spaces has
become important for the effective planning of available space use. The objective of this study was to describe
the morphometric variables for individuals of the species Handroanthus impetiginosus Mattos (pink trumpet
tree, pink ipe) used for urban tree-planting in the municipality of Paragominas, Pará State, northern Brazil. The
study evaluated 15 continuously distributed individual trees per street, one street per neighborhood. For each
sampled tree, the dendrometric data were collected, which were later converted to morphometric variables.
Mean values for Total Height (TH), Canopy Width (CW), Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and Canopy Diameter
(CD) were 6.48, 3.98, 0.19 and 4.95, respectively. Canopy Ratio (CR), Slenderness Factor (SF) and Salience
Index (SI) values of 61.95, 35.16 and 26.44 were calculated. Mean Coverage Index (CI) was 0.78, and Canopy
Form (CF) was considered to be more elongated, both vertically and horizontally and, with a mean value of
1.35, could be used as a criterion to determine the need for silvicultural intervention. Coefficient of Variation
(CV) values lay between 20 and 43%, showing high variation due to the lack of experimental control and the
action a wide-variety of growth-influencing variables. There was a moderate positive correlation for the SG and
SI (0.522) and for CI and HR (0.631). The morphometric variables obtained from H. impetiginosus individuals
reveal growth form data that should be considered when planning new urban areas for implantation.
Origin and post-harvest losses of vegetables in the microregion of Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Riew Tomm Tiago Fernando , Bernardo Almeida Edmilson Igor , Figueirinha Kessia Tenório , Sousa Ferreira Lusiane De , De Souza Gondim Márcia Maria , Amorim Deucleiton Jardim 
Published: October 2018

Research involving estimation of post-harvest losses of vegetables is limited in the state of Maranhão
(MA), however, they are essential to identify of causes of losses, as well as for reducing them. The objective of
the current study was to describe the cultivation and post-harvest losses of vegetables in the municipalities of
Anapuru, Belágua, Chapadinha, Mata Roma, São Benedito and Urbano Santos, state of Maranhão, northern
Brazil. The information was obtained by questionnaires given to the traders from the main vegetable trading
centres for each municipality. The questions covered the socioeconomic aspects of handling, transportation,
storage and commercialization of vegetables. While many traders had a full secondary education (37%),
they have little technical knowledge of production, management (83%) and marketing (82%) of vegetables.
Cultivation is carried out mainly in greenhouses (77%), with many vegetables coming from other states (89%),
such as Ceará, via asphalted roads (100%). Physiological disorders, such as rapid maturation, wilting and
budding, were the main causes of loss. Rank losses, in order of decreasing losses were: tomato (18.38 ±
0.39%) > potato (13.82 ± 0.11%) > bell pepper (10.13 ± 0.07%) > carrot (9.35 ± 0), 09%) > onion (7.31 ±
0.15%) > lettuce (6.16 ± 0.15%). The losses were significant and there is a clear need for training on good
post-harvest practices, effective management of the quantity offered, and government incentives to expand
the olericulture in the Chapadinha microregion.
Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Esquivel-Pedraza Lilly , Fernández-Cuevas Laura , Milke-García María del Pilar , Cicero-Casarrubias Alba , Ruelas-Villavicencio Ana Lilia , Saeb-Lima Marcela , Reyes-Castillo Mónica Alinne , Domínguez-Cherit Judith , Vizcaíno-Tapia Gloria Isabel , Méndez-Flores Silvia 
Published: October 2018

Background. The frequency of recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) and their relationship with comorbidities has been scarcely described.Methods. We conducted a retrospective analytical study of patients with a presumptive diagnosis of RAU, in order to know the frequency of misdiagnosis of RAU, to delineate the clinical and biochemical characteristics of RAU, and to analyze their correlation with systemic diseases. Three groups of recurrent ulcers were analyzed: a) RAU, b) RAU associated to Behçet´s disease, and c) other recurrent ulcers misdiagnosed as RAU (OU). We recorded clinical and laboratory data. Statistics included Mantel-Haenszel chi square test, Kruskall-Wallis test, and Student´s t test.Results. A total of 141 patients (106 women) were referred with a presumptive diagnosis of RAU: 56 cases (39.7%) with RAU; 10 (7.1%) with RAU in Behçet´s disease, and 75 (53.2%) with OU. RAU subjects presented a lower frequency of rheumatologic diseases than patients with Behçet´s disease ulcers [30.4% vs 70.0%; (p=0.03)] and patients with OU [30.4% vs 54.7%; (p=0.007)]. Additionally, immunodeficiency was less common among patients with RAU in comparison to Behçet´s disease [3.6% vs 40.0%; (p=0.003)] and OU [3.6% vs 28.0%; (p‹0.001)].Higher levels of serum leukocytes were seen in Behçet´s disease [median=8.9 (range 5.3-9.7) x103 cells/mm3] when compared to RAU [median=6.0 (range 3.2-21.2) x103 cells/mm3] and OU [median=6.0 (range 2.3-14.8) x103 cells/mm3] (p<0.04).
Conclusions. Misdiagnosis of RAU was frequent; an individual pattern of association to specific groups of systemic diseases was observed in each studied group of recurrent ulcers. RAU and Behçet´s disease ulcers showed clinical and laboratory differences.
MENELADANI NILAI AJARAN DAKWAH SUNAN KALIJAGA DALAM MENDIDIK KARAKTER BANGSA DI ERA GLOBALISAS
Authors: Hermawan Agus 
Published: October 2018

This article describes moral value based on Sunan Kalijaga’s perspective, one of the members of the walisanga who had the longest age from other wali and he was the most famous and creative wali in creating a wide range of media to preach Islam. The media that he made and applied included many fields; such as preacher, literatures and songs (Ilir-ilir song, gundul-gundul pacul, and dandang gula song), Sculpture, Gamelan, mosques, Tatal and Kenthong art, Bedhug, and grebeg sekaten contained character of education that were stil relevant applied in this era. Thus, a preacher’s function as learning model takes strategic position in preparing and applying any media and approaches/ strategy to lead students to be success in their learning. The media of learning to preach created by Sunan Kalijaga were the collaboration between culture of local wisdom which was maintained and elements of modern constructive art that was relevant with the local wisdom.
Early Childhood Education Students’ Emergent Skills in Literacy Scaffolding
Authors: Nickel Jodi 
Published: October 2018

This study examined how four early childhood education students applied their knowledge of emergent literacy in their practicum settings. Literacy research has shown that in order for young children to become effective readers, they must develop 1) a vocabulary-rich knowledge base, 2) the ability to reason about story messages, and 3) the code-related skills of phonological awareness and print awareness. The students’ college instruction focused on ways to promote emergent literacy by scaffolding children’s skill development in these three early literacy areas, particularly during story reading. At the conclusion of their practicum, the students were asked to identify the specific ways in which they had promoted emergent literacy skills. The resulting data suggested students were sometimes confused about the code-related skills of phonological awareness and print awareness. Students reported they seldom had conversations with the children that focused on coderelated skills as part of their story reading activities. Furthermore, their application of discussion techniques in support of children’s vocabulary development and the ability to reason about story messages were of questionable quality. This data suggests that early childhood educators require significant modeling and practice to develop the complex skills needed for effective instructional scaffolding during story book reading.
PERAN ULAMA DALAM PENDAMPINGAN PEREMPUAN YANG POSITIF HIV DAN AIDS
Authors: Parhani Imadduddin 
Published: October 2018

HIV and AIDS have spread to all provinces in Indonesia. No more districts/cities are free from the spread of HIV and AIDS. Many efforts are made by the government to reduce the spread of HIV and AIDS. However, these efforts are only conducted at the medical level, not touched on community empowerment, especially Ulama involvement in planning, implementing and evaluating HIV and AIDS prevention programs. Ulama should be postulated as part of a government-developed system of HIV and AIDS prevention and control. Ulama should be given a role in identifying, formulating, implementing and monitoring program activities with the focus of exploring social problems that occur in the environment. If clerics are directly involved since the commencement of an activity program, they will be able to understand better of what they should do for a program. Involvement and empowerment are the principles of HIV and AIDS prevention. Involvement and empowerment in AIDS prevention aims to achieve better health outcomes with the active participation of civil society in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating services. The activities which are in conflict with prevention, treatment, care and support for PLWHA and oriented to an anti-gender partnership discrimination, as well as stigma, can put women in anti-socio-cultural, and physiological conditions. It is also equally important that scholars openly opposed to gender-based violence.Saat ini, HIV dan AIDS telah menyebar ke semua provinsi di Indonesia. Tidak ada lagi kabupaten / kota yang bebas dari penyebaran HIV dan AIDS. Banyak upaya dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk mengurangi penyebaran HIV dan AIDS. Namun, upaya ini hanya dilakukan di tingkat medis saja, tidak menyentuh pemberdayaan masyarakat, terutama keterlibatan ulama dalam perencanaan, penerapan dan evaluasi program pencegahan HIV dan AIDS. Ulama harus dipostulasikan sebagai bagian dari sistem pencegahan dan pengendalian HIV dan AIDS yang dikembangkan oleh pemerintah. Ulama diberi peran dalam mengidentifikasi, merumuskan, melaksanakan dan memantau kegiatan program dengan fokus mengeksplorasi masalah sosial yang terjadi di lingkungan. Jika para ulama terlibat langsung sejak dimulainya suatu program kegiatan, mereka akan lebih mampu memahami apa yang harus mereka lakukan untuk sebuah program. Keterlibatan dan pemberdayaan adalah salah satu prinsip pencegahan HIV dan AIDS. Keterlibatan dan pemberdayaan dalam pencegahan AIDS bertujuan untuk mencapai hasil kesehatan yang lebih baik dengan partisipasi aktif masyarakat sipil dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pemantauan dan evaluasi layanan dan kegiatan yang bertentangan dengan pencegahan, pengobatan, perawatan dan dukungan untuk ODHA yang berorientasi pada diskriminasi kemitraan anti-gender, stigma, menempatkan perempuan dalam kondisi yang anti-sosio-budaya, dan fisiologis, dan sama pentingnya adalah para ahli secara terbuka menentang kekerasan berbasis gender.
ANALISIS PENGARUH WORD OF MOUTH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN NASABAH UNTUK MENABUNG DENGAN BRAND EQUITY SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI
Authors: Fenanda Zakiah Intan , Solekah Nihayatu Aslamatis 
Published: October 2018

The development and dynamics of marketing of banking services products help to grow the variables that facilitate the influence of word of mouth against the decision to save. One of it is the brand equity that is a set of assets that is associated with a brand that adds or reduces the value of the company in the views of customers. The purposes of the research are to determine the influence of word of mouth against the decision to save through Brand Equity on the customer of Syariah BRI Bank of Malang. The research used a quantitative approach with survey method. The population of the research was all customers of Savings at Syariah BRI Bank of Malang. Sampling technique used accidental sampling with the number of respondents as much as 100 respondents. The dependent variable in the research was Savings Decision (Y), and the independent variable was Word of Mouth (X), with Brand Equity (M) as the mediation variable. Data analysis technique used Path Analysis. The research results indicated that the dimensions of word of mouth are Talkers, Topics, Taking Part and Tracking that directly influence against brand equity, and one dimension of word of mouth of tools have no effect against brand equity. Brand Equity directly influences the decision to save, all dimensions of word of mouth directly influence the decision to save, and Brand Equity can mediate the indirect influence of word of mouth against the savings decision
KETERKAITAN EFISIENSI OPERASIONAL DAN PEMBIAYAAN BERMASALAH DALAM MEMPENGARUHI PROFITABILITAS BANK UMUM SYARIAH
Authors: Kusumawati Nugrahini , Setianingsih Ani 
Published: October 2018

The aimed of this study is to examine the influence of operational efficiency and Non-Performing Financing of The Shariah Bank toward profitability. This study uses secondary data obtained from the annual report contained in Bank Indonesia. The sample in this study used 8 sharia commercial banks registered in Bank Indonesia in 2012-2016. Samples were chosen using purposive sampling methods. The hypothesis was tested using multiple regression. The first hypothesis was used to examine the influence of operational efficiency to profitability. The second hypothesis was used to examine the influence of Non-Performance Financing to profitability. The third hypothesis was used to examine the influence of Operational Efficiency and Non Performance Financing to profitability. The result of the research shows that operational efficiency has an effect on profitability. But operational efficiency has not an effect on profitability. Simultaneously operational efficiency and Non-Performance Financing have an effect on profitability.