bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum simulation of the non-fermi-liquid state of Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model
Authors: Luo Zhihuang , You Yi-Zhuang , Li Jun , Jian Chao-Ming , Lu Dawei , Xu Cenke , Zeng Bei , Laflamme Raymond 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model incorporates rich physics, ranging from exotic non-Fermi liquid states without quasiparticle excitations, to holographic duality and quantum chaos. However, its experimental realization remains a daunting challenge due to various unnatural ingredients of the SYK Hamiltonian such as its strong randomness and fully nonlocal fermion interaction. At present, constructing such a nonlocal Hamiltonian and exploring its dynamics is best through digital quantum simulation, where state-of-the-art techniques can already handle a moderate number of qubits. Here, we demonstrate a first step towards simulation of the SYK model on a nuclear-spin-chain simulator. We observed the fermion paring instability of the non-Fermi liquid state and the chaotic-nonchaotic transition at simulated temperatures, as was predicted by previous theories. As the realization of the SYK model in practice, our experiment opens a new avenue towards investigating the key features of non-Fermi liquid states, as well as the quantum chaotic systems and the AdS/CFT duality.
A Differential Approach to Form and Site of Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Rau Walter , Hohaus Christoph , Jessen Eike 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe structural organization of intestinal blood flow is such as to allow for intramural collateral flow. Redistribution phenomena due to different local metabolic demands may lead to an impaired perfusion of parts of the intestinal wall which will display a characteristic pattern. Based on Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s laws, a differential analysis of the gastric vascular bed bridges the gap between basic physiological concepts and traditional anatomical, pathological and clinical knowledge. An ulcer of the intestinal wall becomes understandable as a non-occlusive infarct based on a supply/demand conflict in an anisotropic structure as it can be found in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract of man.
Diet assessment of two land planarian species using high-throughput sequencing data
Authors: Cuevas-Caballé Cristian , Riutort Marta , Álvarez-Presas Marta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGeoplanidae (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) feed on soil invertebrates. Observations of their predatory behavior in nature are scarce, and most of the information has been obtained from food preference experiments. Although these experiments are based on a wide variety of prey, this catalog is often far from being representative of the fauna present in the natural habitat of planarians. As some geoplanid species have recently become invasive, obtaining accurate knowledge about their feeding habits is crucial for the development of plans to control and prevent their expansion. Using high throughput sequencing data, we perform a metagenomic analysis to identify thein situdiet of two endemic and codistributed species of geoplanids from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest:Imbira marcusiandCephaloflexa bergi. We have tested four different methods of taxonomic assignment and find that phylogenetic-based assignment methods outperform those based on similarity. The results show that the diet ofI. marcusiis restricted to earthworms, whereasC. bergipreys on spiders, harvestmen, woodlice, grasshoppers, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and possibly other geoplanids. Furthermore, both species change their feeding habits among the different sample locations. In conclusion, the integration of metagenomics with phylogenetics should be considered when establishing studies on the feeding habits of invertebrates.
Genetic similarity of biological samples to counter bio-hacking of DNA-sequencing functionality
Authors: Islam Mohd Siblee , Ivanov Stepan , Robson Eric , Dooley-Cullinane Tríona , Coffey Lee , Doolin Kevin , Balasubramaniam Sasitharan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present the work towards strengthening the security of DNA-sequencing functionality of future bioinformatics systems against bio-computing attacks. Recent research has shown how using common tools, a perpetrator can synthesize biological material, which upon DNA-analysis opens a cyber-backdoor for the perpetrator to hijack control of a computational resource from the DNA-sequencing pipeline. As DNA analysis finds its way into practical everyday applications, the threat of bio-hacking increases. Our wetlab experiments establish that malicious DNA can be synthesized and inserted into E. coli, a common contaminant. Based on that, we propose a new attack, where a hacker to reach the target hides the DNA with malicious code on common surfaces (e.g., lab coat, bench, rubber glove). We demonstrated that the threat of bio-hacking can be mitigated using dedicated input control techniques similar to those used to counter conventional injection attacks. This article proposes to use genetic similarity of biological samples to identify material that has been generated for bio-hacking. We considered freely available genetic data from 506 mammary, lymphocyte and erythrocyte samples that have a bio-hacking code inserted. During the evaluation we were able to detect up to 95% of malicious DNAs confirming suitability of our method.
Identification of a natural ligand of the hazel allergen Cor a 1
Authors: Jacob Thessa , von Loetzen Christian Seutter , Reuter Andreas , Lacher Ulrike , Schiller Dirk , Schobert Rainer , Mahler Vera , Vieths Stefan , Rösch Paul , Schweimer Kristian , Wöhrl Birgitta M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHazelnut is one of the most frequent causes of food allergy. The major hazel allergen in Northern Europe is Cor a 1, which is homologous to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Both allergens belong to the pathogenesis related class PR-10. We determined the solution structure of Cor a 1.0401 from hazelnut and identified a natural ligand of the protein. The structure reveals the protein fold characteristic for PR-10 family members, which consists of a seven-stranded antiparallel β-sheet, two short α-helices arranged in V-shape and a long C-terminal α-helix encompassing a hydrophobic pocket. However, despite the structural similarities between Cor a 1 and Bet v 1, they bind different ligands. We have shown previously that Bet v 1 binds to quercetin-3-O-sophoroside. Here, we isolated Cor a 1 from hazel pollen and identified the bound ligand, quercetin-3-O-(2“-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside, by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). NMR experiments were performed to confirm binding. Remarkably, although it has been shown that PR-10 allergens show promiscuous binding behaviourin vitro, we can demonstrate that Cor a 1.0401 and Bet v 1.0101 exhibit highly selective binding for their specific ligand but not for the respective ligand of the other allergen.
A Generalized Model for Linear-Periodically-Time-Variant Circulators
Authors: Xu Changting , Piazza Gianluca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMagnetic-free non-reciprocity based on linear-periodically-time-variant (LPTV) circuits has received significant research and commercial attention since it could revolutionize wireless communications. LPTV circuits are formed by two main components: linear-time-invariant (LTI) networks and periodically-modulated switches. The modulated switches are the core elements to break the reciprocity of LTI networks. To understand and design LPTV circulators, a universal and intuitive analytical model is required. However, such model does not exist as it is extremely challenging to accurately model and fully understand the LPTV behaviour of energy storage networks. To address this limitation, this work introduces a novel analysis method, which is broadly applicable to any LPTV networks, and validates it experimentally. The novelty of this methodology comes from two main contributions: (1) modelling of the switch as a resistor in parallel with a current-controlled current source; (2) the decomposition of the LPTV network into the linear superposition of two LTI networks. We apply this technique to model the exact behaviour of an LPTV circulator in the frequency domain.
Visual impairment in aging and cognitive decline: experience in a Memory Clinic
Authors: Marquié Marta , Castilla-Martí Miguel , Valero Sergi , Martínez Joan , Sánchez Domingo , Hernández Isabel , Rosende-Roca Maitée , Vargas Liliana , Mauleón Ana , Rodríguez-Gómez Octavio , Abdelnour Carla , Gil Silvia , Santos-Santos Miguel A. , Alegret Montserrat , Espinosa Ana , Ortega Gemma , Pérez-Cordón Alba , Sanabria Ángela , Roberto Natalia , Moreno-Grau Sonia , de Rojas Itziar , Simó Rafael , Ciudin Andreea , Hernández Cristina , Orellana Adelina , Monté-Rubio Gemma , Benaque Alba , Ruiz Agustín , Tárraga Lluís , Boada Mercè 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVisual impairment is common in people living with dementia and regular ophthalmological exams may improve their quality of life. We evaluated visual function in a cohort of elderly individuals and analyzed its association with their degree of cognitive impairment. Participants underwent neurological and neuropsychological exams, neuro-ophthalmological assessment (visual acuity, intraocular pressure, rates of past ophthalmological pathologies, use of ocular correction, treatments and surgeries) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan. We analyzed differences in ophthalmological characteristics among diagnostic groups. The final sample of 1746 study participants aged ≥ 50 comprised 229 individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD), 695 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 833 with Dementia (Alzheimer disease: n = 660; vascular dementia: n = 92, Lewy body dementia: n = 34; frontotemporal dementia: n = 19 and other: n = 28). Age, gender and education were used as covariates. Patients with Dementia, compared to those with SCD and MCI, presented worse visual acuity (p < 0.001), used less visual correction (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively) and fewer ophthalmological treatments (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively) and underwent fewer ocular surgeries (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively). OCT image quality worsened in parallel to cognitive decline (Dementia vs SCD: p = 0.008; Dementia vs MCI: p < 0.001). No group differences in past ophthalmological disorders or abnormal OCT findings were detected. Efforts should be made to ensure dementia patients undergo regular ophthalmological assessments to correct their visual function in order to improve their quality of life.
A cross-species whole genome siRNA screen in suspension-cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells identifies novel engineering targets
Authors: Klanert Gerald , Fernandez Daniel J. , Weinguny Marcus , Eisenhut Peter , Bühler Eugen , Melcher Michael , Titus Steven A. , Diendorfer Andreas B. , Gludovacz Elisabeth , Jadhav Vaibhav , Xiao Su , Stern Beate , Lal Madhu , Shiloach Joseph , Borth Nicole 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh-throughput siRNA screens were only recently applied to cell factories to identify novel engineering targets which are able to boost cells towards desired phenotypes. While siRNA libraries exist for model organisms such as mice, no CHO-specific library is publicly available, hindering the application of this technique to CHO cells. The optimization of these cells is of special interest, as they are the main host for the production of therapeutic proteins. Here, we performed a cross-species approach by applying a mouse whole-genome siRNA library to CHO cells, optimized the protocol for suspension cultured cells, as this is the industrial practice for CHO cells, and developed anin silicomethod to identify functioning siRNAs, which also revealed the limitations of using cross-species libraries. With this method, we were able to identify several genes that, upon knockdown, enhanced the total productivity in the primary screen. A second screen validated two of these genes,Rad21andChd4, whose knockdown was tested in additional CHO cell lines, confirming the induced high productivity phenotype, but also demonstrating the cell line/clone specificity of engineering effects.
Exploring subcellular responses of prostate cancer cells to X-ray exposure by Raman mapping
Authors: Roman Maciej , Wrobel Tomasz P. , Panek Agnieszka , Efeoglu Esen , Wiltowska-Zuber Joanna , Paluszkiewicz Czeslawa , Byrne Hugh J. , Kwiatek Wojciech M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the response of cancer cells to ionising radiation is a crucial step in modern radiotherapy. Raman microspectroscopy, together with Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) analysis has been shown to be a powerful tool for monitoring biochemical changes of irradiated cells on the subcellular level. However, to date, the majority of Raman studies have been performed using a single spectrum per cell, giving a limited view of the total biochemical response of the cell. In the current study, Raman mapping of the whole cell area was undertaken to ensure a more comprehensive understanding of the changes induced by X-ray radiation. On the basis of the collected Raman spectral maps, PLSR models were constructed to elucidate the time-dependent evolution of chemical changes induced in cells by irradiation, and the performance of PLSR models based on whole cell averages as compared to those based on average Raman spectra of cytoplasm and nuclear region. On the other hand, prediction of X-ray doses for individual cellular components showed that cytoplasmic and nuclear regions should be analysed separately. Finally, the advantage of the mapping technique over single point measurements was verified by a comparison of the corresponding PLSR models.
LncRNA XIST enhanced TGF-β2 expression by targeting miR-141-3p to promote pancreatic cancer cells invasion
Authors: Sun Jianmin , Zhang Yubao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe level of expression of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the role of XIST in PC and the underlying mechanism are still unknown. The present study aimed to elucidate how XIST participates in PC and its potential target, miR-141-3p. We detected the XIST expression in PC tissues and cells by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was measured using a CCK8 kit, and the migration and invasion of cells was measured by Transwell assay. Silencing XIST and miR-141-3p was performed with transfection by Lipofectamine kit. Binding assay was conducted by luciferase reporter assay. Protein expression was examined by Western blot. These results indicate that (i) XIST is highly expressed in tumor tissues while miR-141-3p is down-regulated. (ii) Silencing XIST inhibits the pancreatic cell proliferation, migration and invasion. (iii) MiR-141-3p inhibitor alleviates the inhibitory effect by siXIST in PC cell lines. (iv) MiR-141-3p directly interacts with XIST and also negatively regulates transforming growth factor-β 2 (TGF-β2) expression. (v) Overexpression of XIST attenuates the inhibition of TGF-β2 expression by miR-141-3p. The conclusion, is that XIST could promote proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells via miR-141-5p/TGF-β2 axis.
Higenamine inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation in human nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Bai Xiaoliang , Ding Wenyuan , Yang Sidong , Guo Xiaohui 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a natural progression of the aging process associated with inflammation. Higenamine, a plant-based alkaloid, has been identified to possess various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the role of higenamine in interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inflammation in human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). The results showed that higenamine improved cell viability in IL-1β-induced NPCs. The IL-1β-dependent up-regulation of inflammatory molecules including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6 was attenuated by higenamine in NPCs. The increased productions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3 and MMP-13), as well as a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5) were significantly mitigated by higenamine treatment. Furthermore, we also found that higenamine suppressed the IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in NPCs. In conclusion, the present study proved that higenamine exhibited anti-inflammatory activity against IL-1β-induced inflammation in NPCs via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggested that higenamine might be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of IDD.
Limiting magnetic field for minimal deformation of a magnetized neutron star
Authors: Gomes R. O. , Pais H. , Dexheimer V. , Providência C. , Schramm S. 
Published: June 2019

Aims. In this work, we study the structure of neutron stars under the effect of a poloidal magnetic field and determine the limiting largest magnetic field strength that induces a deformation such that the ratio between the polar and equatorial radii does not exceed 2%. We consider that, under these conditions, the description of magnetic neutron stars in the spherical symmetry regime is still satisfactory.
Methods. We described different compositions of stars (nucleonic, hyperonic, and hybrid) using three state-of-the-art relativistic mean field models (NL3ωρ, MBF, and CMF, respectively) for the microscopic description of matter, all in agreement with standard experimental and observational data. The structure of stars was described by the general relativistic solution of both Einstein’s field equations assuming spherical symmetry and Einstein-Maxwell’s field equations assuming an axi-symmetric deformation.
Results. We find a limiting magnetic moment on the order of 2 × 1031 Am2, which corresponds to magnetic fields on the order of 1016 G at the surface and 1017 G at the center of the star, above which the deformation due to the magnetic field is above 2%, and therefore not negligible. We show that the intensity of the magnetic field developed in the star depends on the equation of state (EoS), and, for a given baryonic mass and fixed magnetic moment, larger fields are attained with softer EoS. We also show that the appearance of exotic degrees of freedom, such as hyperons or a quark core, is disfavored in the presence of a very strong magnetic field. As a consequence, a highly magnetized nucleonic star may suffer an internal conversion due to the decay of the magnetic field, which could be accompanied by a sudden cooling of the star or a gamma ray burst.
Probing gaseous halos of galaxies with radio jets
Authors: Krause Martin G. H. , Hardcastle Martin J. , Shabala Stanislav S. 
Published: June 2019

Context.Gaseous halos play a key role in understanding inflow, feedback, and the overall baryon budget in galaxies. Literature models predict transitions of the state of the gaseous halo between cold and hot accretion, winds, fountains, and hydrostatic halos at certain galaxy masses. Since luminosities of radio AGN are sensitive to halo densities, any significant transition would be expected to show up in the radio luminosities of large samples of galaxies. The LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) has identified a galaxy stellar mass scale, 1011 M⊙, above which the radio luminosities increase disproportionately.Aims.We investigate if radio luminosities of galaxies, especially the marked rise at galaxy masses around 1011 M⊙, can be explained with standard assumptions regarding jet powers, scaling between black hole mass and galaxy mass, and gaseous halos.Methods.Based on observational data and theoretical constraints, we developed models for the radio luminosity of radio AGN in halos under infall, galactic wind, and hydrostatic conditions. We compared these models to LoTSS data for a large sample of galaxies in the mass range between 108.5 M⊙and 1012 M⊙.Results.Under the assumption that the same characteristic upper limit to jet powers known from high galaxy masses holds at all masses, we find the maximum radio luminosities for the hydrostatic gas halos to lie close to the upper envelope of the distribution of the LOFAR data. The marked rise in radio luminosity at 1011 M⊙is matched in our model and is related to a significant change in halo gas density around this galaxy mass, which is a consequence of lower cooling rates at a higher virial temperature. Wind and infall models overpredict the radio luminosities for small galaxy masses and have no particular steepening of the run of the radio luminosities predicted at any galaxy mass.Conclusions.Radio AGN could have the same characteristic Eddington-scaled upper limit to jet powers in galaxies of all masses in the sample if the galaxies have hydrostatic gas halos in phases when radio AGN are active. We find no evidence of a change of the type of galaxy halo with the galaxy mass. Galactic winds and quasi-spherical cosmological inflow phases cannot frequently occur at the same time as powerful jet episodes unless the jet properties in these phases are significantly different from what we assumed in our model.
Seltene Ursache eines akuten Koronararterienverschlusses mit ST-Hebungsinfarkt der Hinterwand und präklinischer Reanimation
Authors: Miljak Tomislav , Lohrengel Kristina , Rupp Wolfgang 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Die 59-jährige Patientin wurde bei Kammerflimmern präklinisch reanimiert. Nach Wiederherstellung des Spontankreislaufs zeigte das vom Notarzt noch vor Ort abgeleitete EKG einen akuten ST-Hebungsinfarkt der Hinterwand.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose In der Akutkoronarangiografie war das rechte Kranzgefäß vollständig verschlossen. Nach intrakoronarer Gabe von Nitroglyzerin kam es zu einer kompletten Reperfusion ohne relevante Stenose.
Therapie und Verlauf Auf die Implantation eines Koronarstents wurde verzichtet. Nach kontrollierter Hypothermie und 68-stündiger Beatmung konnte die Patientin ohne persistierendes neurologisches Defizit extubiert werden. Am 6. Tag erfolgte die Implantation eines Defibrillators. 2 Wochen nach dem Ereignis wurde die Patientin in gutem Allgemeinzustand entlassen.
Folgerung Vor Ballondilatation und/oder Stentimplantation wird – auch bei akuten Koronarsyndromen – die routinemäßige intrakoronare Gabe von Nitroglyzerin empfohlen. Nach Koronarspasmus-bedingtem, überlebtem plötzlichem Herztod sollte wegen des hohen Rezidivrisikos eine Defibrillatorimplantation (AICD) erfolgen.
Dermal fibrosarcoma in a Cashmere goat
Authors: Schoiswohl Julia , Lambacher Bianca , Klang Andrea , Krametter-Frötscher Reinhild 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFibrosarcomas are malignant tumors of the connective tissue, which are
characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts. Most of these tumors are
localized subcutaneously and cause different symptoms depending on their
location. The case report describes a dermal tumor on the outside of the pinna
in a 7-year-old female Cashmere goat. The tumor was surgically removed and
histopathological examination revealed a low grade fibrosarcoma. Although tumors
are rare in ruminants because of the animals’ short lifespan (age of
slaughtering in most cases < 24 months) in modern production processes, they
should be considered as a differential diagnosis.