bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1‐year outcome after treatment of uterovaginal prolapse with a 6‐point fixation mesh
Authors: Brandt Andreas , Kuszka Andrzej , Niesel Achim , Lutz Henrik , Fünfgeld Christian , Mengel Mathias , Ulrich Daniela 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to describe the safety and anatomical results of a surgical approach with a single‐incision 6‐point fixation vaginal mesh for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse at perioperatively and at 1‐year follow‐up.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of patients who underwent operation receiving an InGYNious anterior transvaginal mesh. All patients with symptomatic stage II prolapse or higher were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were the unwillingness or inability to give written informed consent, neuromuscular disorders, malignant diseases, previous radiation in the pelvis, or chronic pain syndrome. Every patient completed a structured questionnaire and a full physical examination according to the IUGA‐ICS POP‐Q staging system before the operation and at 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsTwo hundred fifty‐four patients (91%) were included in the study. The intraoperative complication rate was 7% with hemorrhage being the most common complication. Six patients (2.4%) had undergone reoperation for prolapse (four out of the six patients had reoperation in the posterior compartment) and were excluded from the objective outcome analysis. In the remaining 248 patients all POP‐Q measurements were significantly improved in the anterior and apical compartments. Similarly, urge urinary incontinence and voiding dysfunction improved significantly.ConclusionsIn this series, the objective outcome one year after the InGYNious mesh was good with low numbers of mesh‐related problems or reoperation for prolapse.
Investigation of urinary storage symptoms in Parkinson's disease utilizing structural MRI techniques
Authors: Roy Holly A. , Griffiths Derek J. , Aziz Tipu Z. , Green Alexander L. , Menke Ricarda A. L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundLower urinary tract symptoms occur in 27% to 86% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), however, the mechanisms responsible for bladder dysfunction are not fully understood. This study utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to test the hypothesis that key brainstem bladder control areas (including the pontine micturition center and the pontine continence center (PCC) and their links with the basal ganglia are important in the development of urinary storage symptoms in PD.MethodsSeventeen patients with PD completed a “bladder symptom questionnaire” and underwent diffusion‐weighted MRI (1.5 T). Storage symptom severity and MRI measures of white matter microstructural integrity were correlated using tract‐based spatial statistics.ResultsMean diffusivity in the ventral brainstem correlated significantly with the bladder symptom severity in areas close to the predicted anatomical co‐ordinates of the PCC. Tracts seeded from these regions passed via areas involved in pelvic floor musculature control and urinary voiding including the cerebellum, pallidum, and precentral gyrus.ConclusionWe used diffusion‐weighted MRI to investigate the role of the brainstem and its structural connections in the development of urinary storage symptoms in PD. Our data suggest that the brainstem degenerative change in the vicinity of the PCC may be implicated in the pathogenesis of storage symptoms in these patients.
A model/solution‐adaptive explicit‐implicit time‐marching technique for wave propagation analysis
Authors: Soares Delfim 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this work, an explicit‐implicit time‐marching procedure with model/ solution‐adaptive time integration parameters is proposed for the analysis of hyperbolic models. The two time integrators of the methodology are locally evaluated, enabling their different spatial and temporal distributions. The first parameter defines the explicit/implicit subdomains of the model, and it is defined in a way that stability is always ensured, as well as period elongation errors are reduced; the second parameter controls the dissipative properties of the methodology, allowing spurious high‐frequency modes to be properly eliminated, rendering reduced amplitude decay errors. In addition, the proposed explicit‐implicit approach allows contracted systems of equations to be obtained, reducing the computational effort of the analysis. The main features of the novel methodology can be summarized as follows: (i) it is simple; (ii) it is locally defined; (iii) it has guaranteed stability; (iv) it is an efficient noniterative single‐step procedure; (v) it provides enhanced accuracy; (vi) it enables advanced controllable algorithmic dissipation in the higher modes; (vii) it considers a link between the temporal and the spatial discretization; (viii) it stands as a single‐solve framework based on reduced systems of equations; (ix) it is truly self‐starting; and (x) it is entirely automatic.
Health‐related quality of life in infants and children with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Lauby Clara , Boelle Pierre‐Yves , Abou Taam Rola , Bessaci Katia , Brouard Jacques , Dalphin Marie‐Laure , Delacourt Christophe , Delestrain Céline , Deschildre Antoine , Dubus Jean‐Christophe , Fayon Michaël , Giovannini‐Chami Lisa , Houdouin Véronique , Houzel Anne , Marguet Christophe , Pin Isabelle , Reix Philippe , Renoux Marie‐Catherine , Schweitzer Cyril , Tatopoulos Aurélie , Thumerelle Caroline , Troussier Françoise , Wanin Stéphanie , Weiss Laurence , Clement Annick , Epaud Ralph , Nathan Nadia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionInterstitial lung disease in children (chILD) is a highly heterogeneous group of rare and severe respiratory disorders. The disease by itself, the burden of the treatments (oxygen therapy, corticosteroid pulses, nutritional support) and recurrent hospitalizations may impair the quality of life (QoL) of these children. The aim of the study was to compare the health‐related QoL (HR‐QoL) in chILD compared to a healthy population and to find out the predictive factors of an altered QoL.MethodsPatients aged 1 month to 18 years with ILD of known or unknown etiology were prospectively included. Parents and children over 8 years old were asked to fill the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale ranging from 0 to 100 points.ResultsA total of 78 children were recruited in 13 French pediatric centers. Total scores were 11.94 points (P = 0.0003) less for child self‐report and 14.08 points (
P < 0.0001) less for parent proxy‐report with respect to the healthy population. The clinical factors associated with a lower total score were: extrapulmonary expression of the disease, higher Fan severity score, long‐term oxygen therapy, nutritional support, and a number of oral treatments.ConclusionUsing a validated quality of life (QoL) scale, we showed that health‐related‐QoL is significantly impaired in chILD compared with a healthy population. Factors altering QoL score are easy to recognize and could help identify children at a heightened risk of low QoL.
Effect of a vertical half cylinder on swimming of silver carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix: Implications for microhabitat restoration and fishway design
Authors: Ke Senfan , Li Zhimin , Jiang Zewen , Goerig Elsa , Kynard Boyd , Liu Defu , Shi Xiaotao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the relationship between hydraulics associated with the substrate and fish swimming behaviour has become increasingly important to the design of microhabitat around substrates for river restoration. To better understand the hydraulics associated with substrate on fish swimming, we studied the effects of a vertical half cylinder (hereafter, cylinder) on the critical swimming speed of juvenile silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Absolute and relative critical swimming speeds of fish in the flow field of the cylinder were significantly increased compared with those swimming in free flow. In addition, the amplitude of fish head and tail oscillations were significantly greater in flows created by the half cylinder. This study highlights the importance of roughness elements in stream microhabitat restoration and, possibly, for fishway design.
Comment on “Topical Delivery of Avastin to the Posterior Segment of the Eye In Vivo Using Annexin A5‐Associated Liposomes”: Topical Liposomal Bevacizumab Results in Negligible Retinal Concentrations
Authors: Urtti Arto 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe previously published report suggests that liposomes, functionalized with annexin‐5, can deliver bevacizumab to the retina after topical administration as eyedrops. Topical delivery of bevacizumab would be an attractive alternative to the current treatment that involves monthly intravitreal injections to the eye. In this Comment, the retinal concentrations of topically applied liposomal bevacizumab are compared to the levels reached after intravitreal injections. The comparison reveals that the topical liposomal delivery results in retinal bevacizumab concentrations that are about 3–5 orders of magnitude below the lowest bevacizumab concentrations during clinical treatment with intravitreal injections. Major improvement is needed before topical bevacizumab delivery can be considered clinically feasible.
Fast two‐dimensional gas chromatography applied in the characterization of bio‐oil from the pyrolysis of coconut fibers
Authors: Schena Tiago , Farrapeira Rafael , Bjerk Thiago R. , Krause Laiza C. , von Mühlen Carin , Caramão Elina B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe goal of this paper is the evaluation of fast two‐dimensional gas chromatography applied to bio‐oil samples. Bio‐oils are complex matrixes that usually are analyzed by conventional gas chromatography, involving long columns, long time of analysis due to slow heating rates, and consequently, high cost associated to time consumed. Fast gas chromatography techniques are based on the use of narrow capillary columns that allow the achievement high‐speed separations for complex samples, maintaining excellent resolution. Firstly, the two‐dimensional gas chromatography method was optimized varying the heating rate (10, 15 and 20°C min−1) and achieving the optimal separation at 15°C min−1. This method allies a good separation of bio‐oil constituents with shorter time analysis. The developed method and the traditional conventional two‐dimensional gas chromatography method (used in previous studies) were applied in the analysis of a mixture of 30 standard compounds. Despite coelutions of short retention time peaks (compounds with very similar physical‐chemical properties), the fast two‐dimensional gas chromatography method showed an increase in chromatographic signal and a noise reduction. Good results were also obtained in the real bio‐oil sample. Fast two‐dimensional gas chromatography maintained all the chromatographic information from conventional two‐dimensional gas chromatography, reducing drastically the total time of analysis.
Adolescent‐led marriage in Somaliland and Puntland: A surprising interaction of agency and social norms
Authors: Kenny Leah , Koshin Hamse , Sulaiman Munshi , Cislaghi Beniamino 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionChild marriage, formal and informal unions when one or both spouses are under 18, disproportionately affects adolescent girls over boys. It has serious consequences for girls' health, wellbeing, and development. Little is known about the ways in which girls' agency and contextual social norms – unwritten rules of (un)acceptable behaviour in a group – intersect to affect child marriage practices. This paper investigates norms and agency as facilitators and obstacles to adolescent girls' marriage in Somaliland and Puntland.MethodsParticipants (n = 156) were men and women living in Somaliland and Puntland. We conducted 36 qualitative semi‐structured individual interviews (12 men and 24 women). We also held 15 focus group discussions (8 in Somaliland and 7 in Puntland) with 6–10 people each (n = 120). Mixed focus groups were conducted with men and women together, and were segregated by age.ResultsTechnology and economic deprivation were important contextual factors in explaining the prevalence of child marriage. Participants reported that adolescent girls' and boys' increased agency contributed to, rather than decreased, child marriage. Access to technology expanded adolescents' freedom from their parents' control. Adolescents used that freedom within the existing system of social norms that rewarded early (as opposed to later) marriage.ConclusionsEffective interventions that aim to reduce marriage among adolescents living in Somalia (where marriage can be a protective strategy) should integrate a social norms perspective to avoid increasing adolescent‐led marriage.
Screen‐based sedentary behaviors and internalizing symptoms across time among U.S. Hispanic adolescents
Authors: Perrino Tatiana , Brincks Ahnalee , Lee Tae Kyoung , Quintana Kiarabet , Prado Guillermo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe pervasive use of technology has raised concerns about its association with adolescent mental health, including internalizing symptoms. Existing studies have not always had consistent findings. Longitudinal research with diverse subgroups is needed.MethodsThis study examines the relationship between screen‐based sedentary (SBS) behaviors and internalizing symptoms among 370 Hispanic adolescents living in Miami, Florida‐ United States, who were followed for 2 ½ years and assessed at baseline, 6, 18 and 30 months post‐baseline between the years 2010 and 2014. Approximately 48% were girls, and 44% were foreign‐born, most of these youth being from Cuba. Mean age at baseline was 13.4 years, while at the last time‐point it was 15.9 years.ResultsFindings show that girls had higher internalizing symptoms and different patterns of screen use compared to boys, including higher phone, email, and text use. SBS behaviors and internalizing symptoms cooccurred at each time‐point, and their trajectories were significantly related (r = 0.45, p < .001). Cross‐lagged panel analyses found that SBS behaviors were not associated with subsequent internalizing symptoms. Among girls, however, internalizing symptoms were associated with subsequent SBS behaviors during later adolescence, with internalizing symptoms at the 18‐month assessment (almost 15 years old) associated with subsequent SBS behaviors at the 30‐month assessment (almost 16 years old; β = 0.20, p < .01).ConclusionsContinued research and monitoring of internalizing symptoms and screen use among adolescents is important, especially among girls. This includes assessments that capture quantity, context, and content of screen time.
Analysis of application of Six Sigma in refuelling process in Brazilian airline
Authors: Tucci H. N. P. , Oliveira Neto G. C. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAircraft refuelling is a major cause of flight delays because it is a slow process. Further, if it does not begin as soon as the aircraft is available for ground handlers, there is an increasing risk of it being terminated after the final passenger has boarded. Usually, the process only begins after information regarding the required quantity of fuel is passed through the flight dispatcher, and this information typically requires a certain time to reach the ground handlers. Therefore, it is intended to test a new scenario: to begin refuelling with a minimum level and, if necessary, fill up the remainder with the final fuel figures when received. The aim of this paper is to analyse the application of Six Sigma in this process through Student’s t-test and statistical process control. The collected data in this case study include the amount of fuel supplied and flight delays (which are mainly caused by refuelling). The results demonstrate that the new process is favourable, and that the average length of flight delays is reduced from 14 to 6 min, which is an improvement of 57%. It is concluded that the application of Six Sigma in the aircraft refuelling process saves time and improves on-time performance levels, which is relevant to the scientific literature, thereby aiding in mitigating the risk of fines and penalties.
A pitch trimmer can cause a catastrophic structural failure in an aeroplane, but this is avoidable
Authors: Gratton G. B. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the potential of a lever-type pitch trimmer to cause an overstress in light and microlight aeroplanes. It concludes that this potential exists and could potentially cause a catastrophic structural failure – with the evidence from one reported fatal accident suggesting that this may have already happened. However, it is shown that this need not be the case, with restricted nose-up control authority, high manoeuvre stability and the use of a trim wheel (as opposed to a lever) with a restrictive rate of control input shown as three methods, most likely in combination, by which this potential can be removed. Suggestions are made for airworthiness standard wording which might be used to ensure adequate safety of future aircraft designs.
Classification of UAV and bird target in low-altitude airspace with surveillance radar data
Authors: Chen W. S. , Liu J. , Li J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn order to ensure low-altitude safety, a tracking and recognition method of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and bird targets based on traditional surveillance radar data is proposed. First, several motion models for UAV and flying bird targets are established. Second, the target trajectories are filtered and smoothed with multiple motion models. Third, by calculating the time-domain variance of the model occurrence probability, the model conversion probability of the target is estimated, and then the target type is identified and classified. The effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm is demonstrated by several groups of Monte Carlo simulation experiments, including setting different recognition steps, different model transformation probability, filtering and smoothing algorithm comparison. The algorithm is also successfully applied on the ground-truth radar data collected by the low-altitude surveillance radar at airport and coastal environments, where the targets of UAVs and flying birds could be tracked and recognised.
DISAGREEMENT AND EASY BOOTSTRAPPING
Authors: Tal Eyal 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTShould conciliating with disagreeing peers be considered sufficient for reaching rational beliefs? Thomas Kelly argues that when taken this way, Conciliationism lets those who enter into a disagreement with an irrational belief reach a rational belief all too easily. Three kinds of responses defending Conciliationism are found in the literature. One response has it that conciliation is required only of agents who have a rational belief as they enter into a disagreement. This response yields a requirement that no one should follow. If the need to conciliate applies only to already rational agents, then an agent must conciliate only when her peer is the one irrational. A second response views conciliation as merely necessary for having a rational belief. This alone does little to address the central question of what is rational to believe when facing a disagreeing peer. Attempts to develop the response either reduce to the first response, or deem necessary an unnecessary doxastic revision, or imply that rational dilemmas obtain in cases where intuitively there are none. A third response tells us to weigh what our pre-disagreement evidence supports against the evidence from the disagreement itself. This invites epistemic akrasia.
ITERATING SYMMETRIC EXTENSIONS
Authors: KARAGILA ASAF 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe notion of a symmetric extension extends the usual notion of forcing by identifying a particular class of names which forms an intermediate model of $ZF$ between the ground model and the generic extension, and often the axiom of choice fails in these models. Symmetric extensions are generally used to prove choiceless consistency results. We develop a framework for iterating symmetric extensions in order to construct new models of $ZF$. We show how to obtain some well-known and lesser-known results using this framework. Specifically, we discuss Kinna–Wagner principles and obtain some results related to their failure.
Pacific walrus diet across 4000 years of changing sea ice conditions
Authors: Clark Casey T. , Horstmann Lara , de Vernal Anne , Jensen Anne M. , Misarti Nicole 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDeclining sea ice is expected to change the Arctic's physical and biological systems in ways that are difficult to predict. This study used stable isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N) of archaeological, historic, and modern Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) bone collagen to investigate the impacts of changing sea ice conditions on walrus diet during the last ~4000 yr. An index of past sea ice conditions was generated using dinocyst-based reconstructions from three locations in the northeastern Chukchi Sea. Archaeological walrus samples were assigned to intervals of high and low sea ice, and δ13C and δ15N were compared across ice states. Mean δ13C and δ15N values were similar for archaeological walruses from intervals of high and low sea ice; however, variability among walruses was greater during low-ice intervals, possibly indicating decreased availability of preferred prey. Overall, sea ice conditions were not a primary driver of changes in walrus diet. The diet of modern walruses was not consistent with archaeological low sea ice intervals. Rather, the low average trophic position of modern walruses (primarily driven by males), with little variability among individuals, suggests that trophic changes to this Arctic ecosystem are still underway or are unprecedented in the last ~4000 yr.
Stuck in a negative me: fMRI study on the role of disturbed self-views in social feedback processing in borderline personality disorder
Authors: van Schie Charlotte C. , Chiu Chui-De , Rombouts Serge A. R. B. , Heiser Willem J. , Elzinga Bernet M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundInterpersonal difficulties in borderline personality disorder (BPD) could be related to the disturbed self-views of BPD patients. This study investigates affective and neural responses to positive and negative social feedback (SF) of BPD patients compared with healthy (HC) and low self-esteem (LSE) controls and how this relates to individual self-views.MethodsBPD (N = 26), HC (N = 32), and LSE (N = 22) performed a SF task in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Participants received 15 negative, intermediate and positive evaluative feedback words putatively given by another participant and rated their mood and applicability of the words to the self.ResultsBPD had more negative self-views than HC and felt worse after negative feedback. Applicability of feedback was a less strong determinant of mood in BPD than HC. Increased precuneus activation was observed in HC to negative compared with positive feedback, whereas in BPD, this was similarly low for both valences. HC showed increased temporoparietal junction (TPJ) activation to positive v. negative feedback, while BPD showed more TPJ activation to negative feedback. The LSE group showed a different pattern of results suggesting that LSE cannot explain these findings in BPD.ConclusionsThe negative self-views that BPD have, may obstruct critically examining negative feedback, resulting in lower mood. Moreover, where HC focus on the positive feedback (based on TPJ activation), BPD seem to focus more on negative feedback, potentially maintaining negative self-views. Better balanced self-views may make BPD better equipped to deal with potential negative feedback and more open to positive interactions.