bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensemble modelling predicts Human Carnivore Conflict for a community adjacent to a protected area in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mpakairi Kudzai , Ndaimani Henry , Vingi Knowledge , Madiri Tinaapi Hilary , Nekatambe Tendai 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOverlapping interests between humankind and nature have resulted in humans and wildlife interacting. These interactions usually emanate from the absence of fences or hard boundaries to restrict animal movement and when this happens, it results in Human Carnivore Conflict (HCC). People residing in areas adjacent to protected areas are the ones mostly at risk of HCC. In this study, we used ensemble modelling to explain predation risk and indicate the key drivers of HCC in Matetsi Communal Area, Zimbabwe. Ensemble modelling involves building a single consensus model from several candidate models. We used seven environmental variables for the modelling process, and these were distance from the park boundary, distance from rivers, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), human population density and livestock density for cattle, goats and sheep. Livestock kill sites were used as the presence data. Our results illustrate that ensemble modelling explains predation risk with a true skill statistic (TSS) of 0.9 for Matetsi Communal Area. This study provides the potential application of ensemble modelling in HCC management through identifying predation risk areas. In identifying predation risk areas, proactive and cost‐efficient management strategies for dealing with HCC in specific high‐risk areas are plausible.
Trends in rates of inpatients treated for testicular cancer in France, 2000–2014
Authors: Kudjawu Yao C. , de Maria Florence , Beltzer Nathalie 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTesticular cancer is rare, accounting for 1–3% of incidence of all malignancies in men. Forecasts predict that the incidence of testicular cancer will increase by 25% in Europe by 2025. We aimed to describe temporal and spatial trends of rates of patients surgically treated for testicular cancer (STTC) in France over the period 2000–2014. Using the International Classification of Diseases and medical procedure codes, from the national hospital discharge database, we selected patients diagnosed with testicular cancer during 2000–2014 who underwent surgery. We used the world's standard population as a reference to standardize rates. We included 29,760 STTC patients. The mean age at diagnosis was 37.4 (±13.5) years. Over the period 2000–2014, the standardized incidence rate of STTC was 6.2 [95% CI: 6.1;6.3] per 100,000 person‐years. The overall rate of STTC increased by 21.3% between 2000 and 2014. The annual percentage change (APC) was +1.9% [95% CI: 1.4;2.3] over that period. The incidence rate of STTC was highest among men aged 30–44 (15.0 [95% IC: 14.7;15.2] per 100,000 person‐years) and lowest among men aged 0–14 (0.2 [95% IC: 0.16;0.22]). Age‐specific STTC incidence rates were similar to indicators from cancer registry data except in elderly men aged 60 years and over. Over the study period, the incidence of STTC increased over the year in all the regions of Metropolitan France. APC varied across regions from 1.0% [95% IC: −4.1;6.1] in Île‐de‐France to 4.2% [95% IC: −0.8;9.2] in Corse. Hospital discharge data, which are more quickly available than population‐based data, are good complementary surveillance source for monitoring testicular cancer, especially in young adult patients and area without population‐based registry.
Liraglutide Decreases Hepatic Inflammation and Injury in Advanced Lean Non‐Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Ipsen David H. , Rolin Bidda , Rakipovski Günaj , Skovsted Gry F. , Madsen Anette , Kolstrup Stefanie , Schou‐Pedersen Anne Marie , Skat‐Rørdam Josephine , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Tveden‐Nyborg Pernille 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough commonly associated with obesity, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is also present in the lean population representing a unique disease phenotype. Affecting 25% of the world's population, NAFLD is associated with increased mortality especially when progressed to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, no approved pharmacological treatments exist. Current research focuses mainly on NASH associated with obesity, leaving the effectiveness of promising treatments in lean NASH virtually unknown. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the effect of liraglutide (glucagon‐like peptide 1 analogue) and dietary intervention, alone and in combination, in guinea pigs with non‐obese NASH. After 20 weeks of high‐fat feeding (20% fat, 15% sucrose, 0.35% cholesterol), 40 female guinea pigs were block‐randomized based on weight into four groups receiving one of four treatments for 4 weeks: continued high‐fat diet (HF, control), high‐fat diet and liraglutide treatment (HFL), chow diet (4% fat, 0% sucrose, 0% cholesterol; HFC) or chow diet and liraglutide treatment (HFCL). High‐fat feeding induced NASH with severe fibrosis. Liraglutide decreased inflammation (p < 0.05) and hepatocyte ballooning (p < 0.05), while increasing hepatic α‐tocopherol (p = 0.0154). Dietary intervention did not improve liver histopathology significantly, but decreased liver weight (p = 0.004), plasma total cholesterol (p = 0.0175), LDL‐cholesterol (p = 0.0063), VLDL‐cholesterol (p = 0.0034), hepatic cholesterol (p < 0.0001) and increased hepatic vitamin C (p = 0.0099). Combined liraglutide and dietary intervention induced a rapid weight loss, necessitating periodical liraglutide dose adjustment/discontinuation, limiting the strength of the findings from this group. Collectively, this pre‐clinical study supports the beneficial effect of liraglutide on NASH and extends this notion to lean NASH.
Maternity care experiences and health needs of migrant women from female genital mutilation–practicing countries in high‐income contexts: A systematic review and meta‐synthesis
Authors: Turkmani Sabera , Homer Caroline S.E. , Dawson Angela 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundFemale genital mutilation (FGM) is a cultural practice defined as the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for nontherapeutic indications. Due to changing patterns of migration, clinicians in high‐income countries are seeing more women from countries where the practice is prevalent. This review aims to understand the sociocultural and health needs of these women and identify opportunities to improve the quality of maternity care for women with FGM.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review and meta‐synthesis of peer‐reviewed primary qualitative research to explore the experience and needs of migrant women with FGM receiving maternity care. A structured search of nine databases was undertaken, screened papers appraised, and a thematic analysis undertaken on data extracted from the findings and discussion sections of included papers.ResultsSixteen peer‐reviewed studies were included in the systematic review. Four major themes were revealed: Living with fear, stigma, and anxiety; Feelings of vulnerability, distrust, and discrimination; Dealing with past and present ways of life after resettlement; and Seeking support and involvement in health care.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that future actions for improving maternity care quality should be focused on woman‐centered practice, demonstrating cultural safety and developing mutual trust between a woman and her care providers. Meaningful consultation with women affected by FGM in high‐income settings requires cultural sensitivity and acknowledgment of their specific circumstances. This can be achieved by engaging women affected by FGM in service design to provide quality care and ensure woman‐focused policy is developed and implemented.
Outcomes of “diabetes‐friendly” vs “diabetes‐unfriendly” β‐blockers in older nursing home residents with diabetes after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zullo Andrew R. , Hersey Michelle , Lee Yoojin , Sharmin Sadia , Bosco Elliott , Daiello Lori A. , Shah Nishant R. , Mor Vincent , Boscardin W. John , Berard‐Collins Christine M. , Dore David D. , Steinman Michael A. 
Published: June 2018

AimsTo assess whether nursing home (NH) residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) preferentially received “T2D‐friendly” (vs “T2D‐unfriendly”) β‐blockers after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to evaluate the comparative effects of the two groups of β‐blockers.Materials and MethodsThis new‐user retrospective cohort study of NH residents with AMI from May 2007 to March 2010 used national data from the Minimum Data Set and Medicare system. T2D‐friendly β‐blockers were those hypothesized to increase peripheral glucose uptake through vasodilation: carvedilol, nebivolol and labetalol. Primary outcomes were hospitalizations for hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia in the 90 days after AMI. Secondary outcomes were functional decline, death, all‐cause re‐hospitalization and fracture hospitalization. We compared outcomes using binomial and multinomial logistic regression models after propensity score matching.ResultsOf 2855 NH residents with T2D, 29% initiated a T2D‐friendly β‐blocker vs 24% of 6098 without T2D (P < 0.001). For primary outcomes among residents with T2D, T2D‐friendly vs T2D‐unfriendly β‐blockers were associated with a reduction in hospitalized hyperglycaemia (odds ratio [OR] 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21‐0.97), but unassociated with hypoglycaemia (OR 2.05, 95% CI 0.82‐5.10). For secondary outcomes, T2D‐friendly β‐blockers were associated with a greater rate of re‐hospitalization (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.01‐1.57), but not death (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.85‐1.32), functional decline (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.70‐1.19), or fracture (OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.40‐7.08).ConclusionsIn older NH residents with T2D, T2D‐friendly β‐blocker use was associated with a lower rate of hospitalization for hyperglycaemia, but a higher rate of all‐cause re‐hospitalization.
Using temporary emigration to inform movement behaviour of cave‐dwelling invertebrates: a case study of a cave harvestman species
Authors: Băncilă Raluca I. , Pradel Roger , Choquet Rémi , Plăiaşu Rodica , Gimenez Olivier 
Published: June 2018

1. Understanding of animal movement behaviour is critical for developing appropriate conservation strategies because of its profound implications for predicting species' responses to perturbations. To date there is a substantial knowledge gap of the movement behaviour of subterranean invertebrates.2. In this study temporary emigration (TE), the probability that an individual is absent from the cave on a given sampling occasion, was used as a method to inform on the movement and behaviour of cave‐dwelling invertebrates. Because these animals are difficult to study with traditional tracking techniques, the capture–recapture (CR) modelling framework was used to assess TE and to account for imperfect detectability and unobservable states.3. Specifically, the influence of season, sex, and surface weather variables on the TE of the facultative cave‐dwelling harvestman species, Paranemastoma sillii sillii (Herman, 1871), was investigated. Multistate CR models were used while accounting for individual heterogeneity on 999 individually marked adults of two populations inhabiting two caves, located in southwestern Romania.4. Harvestmen demonstrated clear heterogeneity and seasonality in TE. Findings showed that the TE of harvestmen exhibited variation between caves and there was little support for surface weather variables influencing TE and for sex‐specific TE patterns.5. These results show that the study of TE patterns is useful to gain valuable insights into movement and intrinsic behavioural processes of cave‐dwelling harvestmen. The method could potentially be used for other invertebrate groups with similar movement characteristics and when traditional tracking techniques are difficult.
Epilepsy in Asia: Disease burden, management barriers, and challenges
Authors: Trinka Eugen , Kwan Patrick , Lee ByungIn , Dash Amitabh 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis article reviews the burden of epilepsy in Asia, the challenges faced by people with epilepsy, and the management of epilepsy. Comparison is made with other parts of the world. For this narrative review, data were collected using specified search criteria. Articles investigating the epidemiology of epilepsy, diagnosis, comorbidities and associated mortality, stigmatization, and treatment were included. Epilepsy is a global health care issue affecting up to 70 million people worldwide. Nearly 80% of people with epilepsy live in low‐ and middle‐income countries with limited resources. People with epilepsy are prone to physical and psychological comorbidities, including anxiety and depression, which can negatively impact their quality of life. Furthermore, people with epilepsy are at higher risk of premature death than people without epilepsy. Discrimination or stigmatization of people with epilepsy is common in Asia and can affect their education, work, and marriage opportunities. Access to epilepsy treatment varies throughout Asia. Although highly advanced treatment is available in some countries, up to 90% of people with epilepsy are not adequately treated or are not treated with conventional antiepileptic therapy in resource‐limited countries. People in remote areas often do not receive any epilepsy care. First‐generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are available, but usually only in urban areas, and second‐generationAEDs are not available in all countries. NewerAEDs tend to have more favorable safety profiles than first‐generationAEDs and provide options to tailor therapy for individual patients, especially those with comorbidities. Active epilepsy surgery centers are present in some countries, although epilepsy surgery is often underutilized given the number of patients who could benefit. Further epidemiologic research is needed to provide accurate epilepsy data across the Asian region. Coordinated action is warranted to improve access to treatment and care.
Identifying recreational fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea through social media
Authors: Giovos Ioannis , Keramidas Ioannis , Antoniou Charalampos , Deidun Alan , Font Toni , Kleitou Periklis , Lloret Josep , Matić‐Skoko Sanja , Said Alicia , Tiralongo Francesco , Moutopoulos Dimitrios K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe impact of recreational fishing on fish stocks remains largely unknown, as this is inherently difficult to monitor, especially in areas such as the Mediterranean Sea where many species are targeted using a variety of fishing gears and techniques. This study attempts to complement existing data sets and construct the profile of recreational fisheries in the EU‐Mediterranean countries using videos publicly available on social media. A total of 1526 video records were selected, featuring the capture of 7799 fish specimens. The results show recreational fishing is multispecies in nature (26 species contributed to >80% % of the most numerically important species caught) and exhibits a spatially homogeneous pattern, with differences in species composition being mostly dependent on the fishing technique used rather than on the country. Such findings fill an important knowledge gap on recreational fishing activities, and the methodology provides an innovative approach to gather statistics on data‐poor thematic areas that can potentially complement other data sets, such as the EU Data Collection Multi‐Annual Programme.
Endo‐sinus bone formation after transalveolar sinus floor elevation without grafting with simultaneous implant placement: Histological and histomorphometric assessment in a dog model
Authors: Qian Shu‐jiao , Mo Jia‐ji , Shi Jun‐yu , Gu Ying‐xin , Si Mi‐si , Lai Hong‐chang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate endo‐sinus new bone formation and implant osseointegration after transalveolar sinus floor elevation (TSFE) and simultaneous implant placement without any grafting materials and to investigate the influence of implant surface modification on bone healing process under this circumstance.Materials and methodsTransalveolar sinus floor elevation and simultaneous implant placement were conducted bilaterally on 12 Labrador dogs. No grafting materials were used during surgery. Implants with two different surfaces (SLA and SLActive) were placed in a split‐mouth design. The animals were sacrificed 4, 8 and 24 weeks after surgery for histological and histomorphometric assessments. Bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC%), alveolar bone height (ABH) and the percentages of mineralized bone (MB%) in the area of interest were analysed. The probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were also assessed to describe peri‐implant health conditions.ResultsSprouts of new bone in direct contact with implant surface were seen in the elevated area at every time point. Newly formed woven bone under sinus membrane was visible. SLActive implants exhibited favourable results compared with SLA implants regarding ABH at 4 weeks and BIC% at 4 and 8 weeks. Sites with BOP positive could be observed in both groups at any time point. No newly formed bone can be found on the implant apex with either SLA or SLActive surfaces at any time point.ConclusionsSpontaneous new bone formation from the parent bone walls could be observed after TFE without any grafting materials. No clear evidence of bone formation from the Schneiderian membrane could be found. Even though there were trends for quicker bone response of SLActive implants, this study failed to show the absolute advantage of SLActive in achieving endo‐sinus bone formation.
Prevalence, predictors and comorbidity of dry skin in the general population
Authors: Augustin M. , Kirsten N. , Körber A. , Wilsmann‐Theis D. , Itschert G. , Staubach‐Renz P. , Maul J‐T. , Zander N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundDry skin is a frequent and multifaceted condition which can be associated with skin irritation, itch, patient discomfort and manifest skin disease. In spite of being frequent, little is known about the epidemiology of dry skin in the population.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of dry skin in the German adult population.MethodsData of 48 630 employed persons were assessed on a cross‐sectional level in whole‐body examinations by experienced dermatologists during company‐based skin screenings conducted in 343 German companies. Next to the current dermatologic findings, age, gender, allergies, atopic diseases and the skin type were assessed.ResultsIn total, n = 14 300 persons (29.4%) were rated as having xerotic skin. Older age but not gender was associated with xerosis. In the regression analyses controlling for age and gender, dry skin was a significant predictor for: axillary dermatitis (OR: 4.51; CI 2.70–7.54), atopic eczema (OR: 3.99; CI 3.42–4.65), exsiccation eczema (OR: 2.96; CI 2.40–3.65), psoriasis (OR: 1.57; CI 1.38–1.78), plantar warts (OR: 1.42; CI 1.26–1.60), seborrhoeic dermatitis (OR: 1.28; CI 1.16–1.42) and atopic disposition (OR: 1.17; CI 1.12–1.22).ConclusionDry skin is a frequent condition in the adult general population and needs special attention. Known risk factors may facilitate identifying patients at risk for deterioration.
The need for a rationalist turn in evidence‐based medicine
Authors: Kelly Michael P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhen evidence‐based medicine (EBM) became established, its dominant rhetoric was empiricist, in spite of rationalist elements in its practice. Exploring some of the key statements about EBM down the years, the paper examines the tensions between empiricism and rationalism and argues for a rationalist turn in EBM to help to develop the next generation of scholarship in the field.
Approaches to 3D printing teeth from X‐ray microtomography
Authors: CRESSWELL‐BOYES A.J. , BARBER A.H. , MILLS D. , TATLA A. , DAVIS G.R. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryArtificial teeth have several advantages in preclinical training. The aim of this study is to three‐dimensionally (3D) print accurate artificial teeth using scans from X‐ray microtomography (XMT). Extracted and artificial teeth were imaged at 90 kV and 40 kV, respectively, to create detailed high contrast scans. The dataset was visualised to produce internal and external meshes subsequently exported to 3D modelling software for modification before finally sending to a slicing program for printing. After appropriate parameter setting, the printer deposited material in specific locations layer by layer, to create a 3D physical model. Scans were manipulated to ensure a clean model was imported into the slicing software, where layer height replicated the high spatial resolution that was observed in the XMT scans. The model was then printed in two different materials (polylactic acid and thermoplastic elastomer). A multimaterial print was created to show the different physical characteristics between enamel and dentine.Lay DescriptionObjectivesTrainee dentists practice procedures using artificial teeth that are far from real teeth. Using x‐rays and 3D printing technology the project will recreate a real tooth, artificially.MethodsX‐rays produce a 3D image that can be printed out as a physical replica, after several conversions of files. Different settings can be used to allow the printed model, to be as accurate as possible. Data were collected on the forces from a dental drill on a tooth's surface, to measure hardness and resistance.ResultsMultiple teeth replicas were printed with a high accuracy. The materials printed did not mimic actual tooth properties, but using the data from real teeth, materials can be tested in future.
Epidermal growth factor receptor and ligand family expression and activity in glioblastoma
Authors: von Achenbach Caroline , Weller Michael , Szabo Emese 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEpidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (ERBB) family cell surface receptors, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1), are phosphorylated upon binding by various EGF family ligands and signal via multiple kinase pathways. EGFR signaling is enhanced because of mutational activation of EGFR in almost half of glioblastomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Therapeutic targeting of EGFR in glioblastoma has remained largely unsuccessful. Here, we profiled nine long‐term (LTC) and five glioma‐initiating (GIC) cell lines for expression and activation of ERBB family receptors and expression of their ligands. Receptors and ligands were abundantly expressed, with patterns overall similar to glioblastoma expression profiles in vivo as deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. No differences between LTC and GIC emerged. Irrespective of ligand or receptor expression, neither an EGFR antibody, erbitux, nor an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, were particularly active against LTC or GIC at clinically relevant concentrations. Self‐renewal capacity of GIC was severely compromised by epidermal growth factor (EGF) withdrawal, but rescued by transforming growth factor alpha (TGF‐α), although not by neuregulin‐1 (NRG‐1). Subcellular fractionation indicated high levels of nuclear phosphorylated EGFR in all LTC and GIC. In LN‐229 cells, pERBB2 and pERBB3 were also detected in the nucleus. Nuclear pERBB2 was less sensitive, whereas pERBB3 was induced, in response to gefitinib. This study provides an extensive characterization of human glioma cell models, including stem‐like models, with regard to ERBB receptor/ligand expression and signaling. Redundant signaling involving multiple ERBB family ligands and receptors may contribute to the challenges of developing more effective EGFR‐targeted therapies for glioblastoma.
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