bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior laryngeal electrodes for recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid and parathyroid surgery: New expanded options for neural monitoring
Authors: Liddy Whitney , Lawson Bradley R. , Barber Samuel R. , Kamani Dipti , Shama Mohamed , Soylu Selen , Wu Che Wei , Chiang Feng‐Yu , Scharpf Joseph , Barczynski Marcin , Dralle Henning , Van Slycke Sam , Schneider Rick , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisIntraoperative neural monitoring is a useful adjunct for the laryngeal nerve function assessment during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Typically, monitoring is performed by measurement of electromyographic responses recorded by endotracheal tube (ETT) surface electrodes. Tube position alterations during surgery can cause displacement of the electrodes relative to the vocal cords, leading to false positive loss of signal. Numerous reports have denoted monitoring equipment–related issues, especially endotracheal tube displacement, as the dominant source of false positive error. The false positive error may result in inappropriate decisions by the surgeon. This study tests the hypothesis that anterior laryngeal electrodes (ALEs) can help reduce this error. Placement of ALEs directly onto the thyroid cartilage represent an adjunctive and possible alternative method to standard ETT surface electrodes.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsFifteen consecutive patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery with intraoperative neuromonitoring using both ETT electrodes and ALEs were studied. Data collected included site of neural stimulation, laterality, and electromyographic parameters.ResultsWith vagal and recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation, the ALEs recorded mean vocalis muscle waveform amplitude within 83% of that recorded with standard ETT electrodes. The latency measurements with the anterior laryngeal and endotracheal electrodes were similar, with both electrodes recording significantly longer latency for the left vagus nerve as compared to the right vagus nerve. With superior laryngeal nerve stimulation, the ALEs recorded a 800% greater mean amplitude than the ETT electrodes. The ALEs demonstrated similar sensitivity to stimulation at low current as ETT electrodes and provided stable intraoperative monitoring information.ConclusionsCompared to ETT surface electrodes, the ALEs provide similar and stable electromyographic responses with equal sensitivity for recording evoked responses during neural monitoring in thyroid and parathyroid surgery. The ALEs offer significantly more robust monitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Furthermore, ALEs are contained within the operative field, are totally surgeon controlled, and are unaffected by the potential vicissitudes of ETT position during surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 128:2910–2915, 2018
Mechanochemical Routes to Functionalized Graphene Nanofillers Tuned for Lightweight Carbon/Hydrocarbon Composites
Authors: Burk Laura , Gliem Matthias , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGraphite exfoliation by shear‐induced dry and wet processes and especially mechanochemistry represent attractive routes to carbon nanofillers. Dry ball‐milling of graphite in a planetary mill under gas pressure is a scalable and environmentally benign one‐step process, which requires neither hazardous solvents nor tedious separate functionalization and purification steps. Gas type, pressure, and milling duration govern average particle size, shape, and functionalization. Ball‐milling under Ar yields hydroxylated spherical carbon particle agglomerates, whereas ball‐milling under CO2 affords functionalized nanoplatelets without encountering agglomeration problems and highly exothermic post‐milling reactions with air. The carboxylation of graphene nanoplatelets enhances their dispersibility in various media including polypropylene (PP) even in the absence of compatibilizers. Large amounts of carboxylated nanoplatelets are dispersed in PP without massive viscosity build‐up. Functionalized carbon nanoplatelet fillers enable tailoring of recyclable lightweight carbon/hydrocarbon composites exhibiting an improved balance of stiffness, strength, toughness, electrical, and thermal conductivity.
Geometry of the Fisher–Rao metric on the space of smooth densities on a compact manifold
Authors: Bruveris Martins , Michor Peter W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt is known that on a closed manifold of dimension greater than one, every smooth weak Riemannian metric on the space of smooth positive densities that is invariant under the action of the diffeomorphism group, is of the form
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201600523:mana201600523-math-0001for some smooth functions of the total volume . Here we determine the geodesics and the curvature of this metric and study geodesic and metric completeness.
Genus polynomials and crosscap‐number polynomials for ring‐like graphs
Authors: Chen Yichao , Gross Jonathan L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn H‐linear graph is obtained by transforming a collection of copies of a fixed graph H into a chain. An H‐ring‐like graph is formed by binding the two end‐copies of H in such a chain to each other. Genus polynomials have been calculated for bindings of several kinds. In this paper, we substantially generalize the rules for constructing sequences of H‐ring‐like graphs from sequences of H‐linear graphs, and we give a general method for obtaining a recursion for the genus polynomials of the graphs in a sequence of ring‐like graphs. We use Chebyshev polynomials to obtain explicit formulas for the genus polynomials of several such sequences. We also give methods for obtaining recursions for partial genus polynomials and for crosscap‐number polynomials of a bar‐ring of a sequence of disjoint graphs.
Existence of normal Hall subgroups by means of orders of products
Authors: Beltrán Antonio , Sáez Azahara 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLet G be a finite group, let π be a set of primes and let p be a prime. We characterize the existence of a normal Hall π‐subgroup in G in terms of the order of products of certain elements of G. This theorem generalizes a characterization of A. Moretó and the second author by using the orders of products of elements for those groups having a normal Sylow p‐subgroup . As a consequence, we also give a π‐decomposability criterion for a finite group also by means of the orders of products.
Recent Developments in the Area of Click‐Crosslinked Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
Authors: Dai Yu , Chen Xin , Zhang Xiaojin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractClick‐crosslinking has been widely used for the fabrication of nanocarriers in recent years. Crosslinking can enhance the stability of nanocarriers that have served as an emerging platform for drug delivery to achieve cancer diagnosis and therapy. In crosslinking methods, click reactions have attracted increasing attention owing to their high reaction specificity and physiologically stable products. These reports on click‐crosslinked nanocarriers are divided into four sections (nanogels, nanoparticles, micelles, and capsules) according to the types of nanocarriers. Click‐crosslinked nanocarriers enhance the solubility of hydrophobic drugs and improve the efficacy of drug delivery owing to their good stability. Stimuli‐responsive and targeted strategies can be introduced into click‐crosslinked nanocarriers to enhance drug accumulation in tumors.
Advanced Polymer Flocculants for Solid–Liquid Separation in Oil Sands Tailings
Authors: Gumfekar Sarang P. , Vajihinejad Vahid , Soares João B. P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe generation of tailings as a by product of the bitumen extraction process is one of the largest environmental footprints of oil sands operations. Most of the tailings treatment technologies use polymer flocculants to induce solid–liquid separation. However, due to the complex composition of tailings, conventional flocculants cannot reach the same performance achieved in other wastewater treatments. Over the last couple of decades, the oil sands industry has used acrylamide‐based flocculants to treat tailings, achieving major progress in process optimization and integration with mechanical operations, but they still could not reach the required land reclamation targets. Over the last 5 years, the group designed, synthesized, and tested several novel polymer flocculants tailored for oil sands tailings treatment. This feature article communicates recent developments in these innovative polymers. The article first provides a background on tailings generation and treatment, followed by the description of advanced polymer flocculants categorized according to their microstructures such as linear, branched, and graft. The other tailings remediation technologies and one of the initial works on modeling of tailings flocculation is discussed.
Sn‐Polyester/Polyimide Hybrid Flexible Free‐Standing Film as a Tunable Dielectric Material
Authors: Nasreen Shamima , Baczkowski Matthew L. , Treich Gregory M. , Tefferi Mattewos , Anastasia Caroline , Ramprasad Rampi , Cao Yang , Sotzing Gregory A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFlexible films having high dielectric constants with low dielectric loss have promising application in the emerging area of high‐energy‐density materials. Here, for the first time, an organometallic, Sn‐polyester‐containing hybrid free‐standing film in polyimide matrix is reported. Polyimide, pBTDA‐HDA, is used with poly(dimethyltin glutarate) and poly(dimethyltin‐3,3‐dimethyglutarate) (pDMTDMG) for having a processable film with tunable dielectric properties. Hybrid film with 60% pDMTDMG and 40% PI (HB2) is found to have improved dielectric features over previously synthesized organic polyimide and organometallic Sn‐polyester homopolymers. These novel organometallic–organic hybrid systems expanded a new area of dielectrics for next‐generation electronics with superior overall electrical performance.
Sequentially Controlled Deformations of Patterned Hydrogels into 3D Configurations with Multilevel Structures
Authors: Ma Peiyuan , Niu Benfang , Lin Ji , Kang Ting , Qian Jin , Wu Zi Liang , Zheng Qiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSequential deformations of patterned hydrogels into 3D configurations with multilevel structures are reported, which are realized for the first time in self‐shaping materials. The periodically patterned single‐layer hydrogels with different polymers are fabricated by multi‐step photolithography. After swelling in water, the expansion of compartmentalized high‐swelling gels is constrained by the dispersed non‐swelling gels, resulting in out‐of‐plane buckling with high cooperativity and thus forming alternating concave–convex configuration. When the dispersed non‐swelling gels are partly replaced by thermoresponsive ones, the preformed overall flat, yet locally undulant, hydrogel deforms further into dome‐, saddle‐, or sandglass‐like configurations at elevated temperature. As such, multilevel 3D structures can be achieved via prebuilt mechanical/geometric cues in a sequentially controlled manner. This conceptual design and sequential deformation of patterned hydrogels to form 3D configurations with multilevel structures should enrich the deformation/functioning modes of morphing materials and broaden their applications in diverse areas.
Challenges and approaches in the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Authors: Battini Leandro , Bollini Mariela 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe type I human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) pandemic affecting over 37 million people worldwide continues, with 1.8 million people newly infected each year. Highly active antiretroviral therapy is efficient at reducing viral load and nearly one‐half of the infected population is on treatment. One of the most successful approaches for the treatment of HIV infections is the use of inhibitors for human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 reverse transcriptase (HIV‐1 RT). At present, there are six nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) approved for clinical use: nevirapine (NVP), delavirdine (DLV), efavirenz (EFV), etravirine (ETV), rilpivirine (RPV), and elsulfavirine. In this review, we will cover the development of different classes of NNRTIs over the last two decades. We will give an overview of traditional medicinal chemistry strategies for structural modification as bioisosterism principles, scaffold hopping, substitute decoration, and molecular hybridization. Furthermore, computer‐aid design as virtual screening, de novo design and free‐energy perturbation will be described in details.
Spatially almost periodic complex‐valued solutions of the Boussinesq equations
Authors: Li Chengrui 
Published: November 2018

We extend several ideas developed in E. Dinaburg, Ya. G. Sinai and D. Li's papers (see Lemma , Remark , Lemma , Remark , Remark ) and construct a unique mild solution (u,θ) of the system satisfying with spatially almost periodic initial data
. Moreover, (u,θ) is also a spatially almost periodic complex‐valued mild solution. Assume further that
(see Definition ). Then, we overcome the difficulty in the work of Y. Giga et al. (see Introduction below) and show that the above mild solution also satisfies for all
.
Measurement of the electromagnetic properties of thin‐films using a microwave resonant cavity
Authors: Dib Radwan , Vincent Didier , Elrafhi Ahmad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMultilayer materials have specific electromagnetic (EM) properties and are becoming increasingly important in many industrial domains, such as radio‐communication. The EM characterization is important to determine the properties of thin‐films. This paper proposes an experimental approach to find the EM properties of these films using a resonant cavity method in microwave X‐band. From the dielectric and magnetic properties of bilayer structures, the EM properties of a specific layer can be extracted. Experimental results show a broad agreement with theoretical models for permittivity and permeability and complete other EM thin‐film characterizations.
Quantification of DNA double‐strand breaks using Geant4‐DNA
Authors: Chatzipapas Konstantinos P. , Papadimitroulas Panagiotis , Obeidat Mohammad , McConnell Kristen A. , Kirby Neil , Loudos George , Papanikolaou Niko , Kagadis George C. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThis study aims to standardize the simulation procedure in measuring DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), by using advanced Monte Carlo toolkits, and newly introduced experimental methods for DNA DSB measurement.MethodsFor the experimental quantification of DNA DSB, an innovative DNA dosimeter was used to produce experimental data. GATE in combination with Geant4‐DNA toolkit were exploited to simulate the experimental environment. The PDB4DNA example of Geant4‐DNA was upgraded and investigated. Parameters of the simulation such energy threshold (ET) for a strand break and base pair threshold (BPT) for a DSB were evaluated, depending on the dose.ResultsSimulations resulted to minimum differentiation in comparison to experimental data for ET = 19 ± 1 eV and BPT = 10 bp, and high differentiation for ET<17.5 eV or ET>22.5 eV and BPT = 10 bp. There was also small differentiation for ET = 17.5 eV and BPT = 6 bp. Uncertainty has been kept lower than 3%.ConclusionsThis study includes first results on the quantification of DNA double‐strand breaks. The energy spectrum of a LINAC was simulated and used for the first time to irradiate DNA molecules. Simulation outcome was validated on experimental data that were produced by a prototype DNA dosimeter.
Real‐time Triggered RAdial Single‐Shot Inversion recovery for arrhythmia‐insensitive myocardial T1 mapping: motion phantom validation and in vivo comparison
Authors: Gensler Daniel , Salinger Tim , Düring Markus , Lorenz Kristina , Jahns Roland , Wech Tobias , Frantz Stefan , Ertl Georg , Jakob Peter M. , Nordbeck Peter 
Published: November 2018

PurposeCardiac T1 mapping has become an increasingly important imaging technique, contributing novel diagnostic options. However, currently utilized methods are often associated with accuracy problems because of heart rate variations and cardiac arrhythmia, limiting their value in clinical routine. This study aimed to introduce an improved arrhythmia‐related robust T1 mapping sequence called RT‐TRASSI (real‐time Triggered RAdial Single‐Shot Inversion recovery).MethodsAll measurements were performed on a 3.0T whole‐body imaging system. A real‐time feedback algorithm for arrhythmia detection was implemented into the previously described pulse sequence. A programmable motion phantom was constructed and measurements with different simulated arrhythmias arranged. T1 mapping accuracy and susceptibility to artifacts were analyzed. In addition, in vivo measurements and comparisons with 3 prevailing T1 mapping sequences (MOLLI, ShMOLLI, and SASHA) were carried out to investigate the occurrence of artifacts.ResultsIn the motion phantom measurements, RT‐TRASSI showed excellent agreement with predetermined reference T1 values. Percentage scattering of the T1 values ranged from –0.6% to +1.9% in sinus rhythm and –1.0% to +3.1% for high‐grade arrhythmias. In vivo, RT‐TRASSI showed diagnostic image quality with only 6% of the acquired T1 maps including image artifacts. In contrast, more than 40% of the T1 maps acquired with MOLLI, ShMOLLI, or SASHA included motion artifacts.ConclusionAccuracy issues because of heart rate variability and arrhythmia are a prevailing problem in current cardiac T1 mapping techniques. With RT‐TRASSI, artifacts can be minimized because of the short acquisition time and effective real‐time feedback, avoiding potential data acquisition during systolic heart phase.
Predicting chemo‐brain in breast cancer survivors using multiple MRI features and machine‐learning
Authors: Chen Vincent Chin‐Hung , Lin Tung‐Yeh , Yeh Dah‐Cherng , Chai Jyh‐Wen , Weng Jun‐Cheng 
Published: November 2018

PurposeBreast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. There exist various advanced chemotherapy drugs for BC; however, chemotherapy drugs may result in brain damage during treatment. When a patient's brain is changed in response to chemo drugs, it is termed chemo‐brain. In this study, we aimed to construct machine‐learning models to detect the subtle alternations of the brain in postchemotherapy BC patients.MethodsNineteen BC patients undergoing chemotherapy and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for this study. Both groups underwent resting‐state functional MRI and generalized q‐sampling imaging (GQI).ResultsLogistic regression (LR) with GQI indices in standardized voxel‐wise analysis, LR with mean regional homogeneity in regional summation analysis, decision tree classifier (CART) with generalized fractional anisotropy in voxel‐wise analysis, and XGBoost (XGB) with normalized quantitative anisotropy had formidable performances in classifying subjects into a chemo‐brain group or an HC group. Classifying the brain MRIs of HC and postchemotherapy patients by conducting leave‐one‐out cross‐validation resulted in the highest accuracy of 84%, which was attained by LR, CART, and XGB with multiple feature sets.ConclusionsIn our study, we constructed the machine‐learning models that were able to identify chemo‐brains from normal brains. We are hopeful that these results will be helpful in clinically tracking chemo‐brains in the future.
An enhanced ensemble Kalman filter scheme incorporating model error in sequential coupling between flow and geomechanics
Authors: Caballero Edison , Rochinha Fernando A. , Borges Marcio , Murad Marcio A. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn this work, we construct a new methodology for enhancing the predictive accuracy of sequential methods for coupling flow and geomechanics while preserving low computational cost. The new computational approach is developed within the framework of the fixed‐stress split algorithm procedure in conjunction with data assimilation based on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). In this context, we identify the high‐fidelity model with the two‐way formulation where additional source term appears in the flow equation containing the time derivative of total mean stress. The iterative scheme is then interlaced with data assimilation steps, which also incorporate the modeling error inherent to the EnKF framework. Such a procedure gives rise to an “enhanced one‐way formulation,” exhibiting substantial improvement in accuracy compared with the classical one‐way method. The governing equations are discretized by mixed finite elements, and numerical simulation of a 2D slab problem between injection and production wells illustrate the tremendous achievement of the method proposed herein.
Evaluation of the impact of a clinical pathway on the progression of acute urinary retention
Authors: Gas Jérôme , Liaigre‐Ramos Aline , Caubet‐Kamar Natacha , Beauval Jean Baptiste , Lesourd Marine , Prudhomme Thomas , Huyghe Eric , Soulié Michel , Charpentier Sandrine , Gamé Xavier 
Published: November 2018

AimsThe management of acute urinary retention (AUR) revolves around trial without catheter (TWOC) after prescription of an alpha‐blocker. This study evaluates the implementation of a clinical pathway for AUR.MethodsSpecific clinical pathways for AUR was established between the Emergency Department and the Department of Urology in order to reduce the duration of bladder drainage that included standard prescriptions, an information sheet, and a note to be faxed to scheduling nurses to organize the trial without catheter (TWOC). The main endpoint was the reduction in the time between the AUR episode and TWOC, without decreasing urination.ResultsBetween April 2015 and December 2016, 248 patients were treated in the Emergency Department, and externally, for AUR. One hundred and seventy patients were enrolled in the pathway group and 78 in the control group. The mean duration of urinary catheterization decreased by 5.5 days as did the number of patients lost to follow‐up (32% vs 76%), without decreasing the successful voiding (46% vs 36%).The duration of the urinary catheterization was not related to the chance of successful voiding regardless of the urine volume and a drainage time of over 10 days significantly reduced the chance of success (68%, n = 26 versus 42%, n = 76; P = 0.0038).ConclusionThe implementation of a clinical pathway for AUR reduced the number of patients lost to follow‐up and the catheterization duration, thus optimizing the management of these patients.
An adaptive IgA‐BEM with hierarchical B‐splines based on quasi‐interpolation quadrature schemes
Authors: Falini Antonella , Giannelli Carlotta , Kanduč Tadej , Sampoli Maria Lucia , Sestini Alessandra 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe isogeometric formulation of the boundary element method (IgA‐BEM) is investigated within the adaptivity framework. Suitable weighted quadrature rules to evaluate integrals appearing in the Galerkin BEM formulation of 2D Laplace model problems are introduced. The proposed quadrature schemes are based on a spline quasi‐interpolation (QI) operator and properly framed in the hierarchical setting. The local nature of the QI perfectly fits with hierarchical spline constructions and leads to an efficient and accurate numerical scheme. An automatic adaptive refinement strategy is driven by a residual‐based error estimator. Numerical examples show that the optimal convergence rate of the Galerkin solution is recovered by the proposed adaptive method.