bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF PREGNANCY-SPECIFIC GLYCOPROTEIN IN REGULATION OF MOLECULAR GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE MEMORY T CELLS
Authors: Rayev M. B. , Litvinova L. S. , Yurova K. A. , Khaziakhmatova O. G. , Timganova V. P. , Bochkova M. S. , Khramtsov P. V. , Zamorina S. A. 
Published: January 2019

The role of pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein (PSG) in the regulation of molecular genetic factors determining the functional activity of naїve T cells and T cells of immune memoryin vitrowas studied. Human PSG was isolated with a proprietary immuno-purification method using a biospecific sorbent followed by removing of immunoglobulin contamination with a HiTrapTMProtein G HP column. Physiological concentrations of PSG were used in the experiments. They corresponded to PSG levels in the peripheral blood of pregnant woman: 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml (I, II, III trimester, respectively). The objects of study were monocultures of naїve T cells (CD45RA+) and memory T cells (CD45R0+), obtained by immunomagnetic separation from the peripheral blood of women of reproductive age.It was established that at the level of naїve T cells (CD45RA+) PSG inhibited the expression of CD28 (1, 10, 100 μg/ml) and CD25 (100 μg/ml), without affecting the interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by these cells. At the same time, PSG in all concentrations studied suppressed the expression of CD25 at the immune memory T-cell (CD45R0+) surface but increased the IL-2 production. Expression ofU2af1l4, Gfi1, hnRNPLLgenes regulating the alternative splicing of the Ptprc gene encoding CD45 was also evaluated. It was found, that PSG reduced the expression of theGfi1(1, 10, 100 μg/ml),hnRNPLL(10, 100 μg/ml) genes, but increased the expression of theU2af1l4gene (1, 10, 100 μg/ml) in the naїve T cells. It was shown that at the immune memory T-cells’ level the effects were similar, with PSG rendering them in all concentrations used. The revealed changes in the mRNA transcription ofU2af1l4,Gfi1andhnRNPLLgenes in the studied T cell subsets may lead to the inhibition of CD45 “mature” isoform formation – CD45R0.Thus, PSG reduces the functional activity of naїve T cells and immune memory T cells associated with the expression of costimulation/activation molecules CD25 and CD28 and is involved in the regulation ofPtprcgene alternative splicing, which determines the ratio of CD45 molecule variants. Apparently, using these mechanisms, PSG regulates the functional activity of the memory T cell circulating pool, which is potentially capable of carrying out antigen-specific cytotoxic reactions against fetal antigens in vivo. In general, the data obtained broadens the notion of the PSG role in the regulation of molecular-genetic mechanisms of naїve T cells and immune memory T cells differentiation.
ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE-SURİYE İLİŞKİLERİ VE HATAY SORUNU (1920-1938)
Authors: AKDENİZ Sedat 
Published: January 2019

Yavuz Sultan
Selim döneminde Osmanlı sınırları içerisine dahil edilen Suriye bölgesi, 1.
Dünya savaşında önce İngilizler, sonra da Fransızlar tarafından işgal
edilirken, 1918 Mondros ateşkes anlaşması ile Osmanlı bu bölgeyi kaybetmiştir.
İtilaf devletleri arasında yapılan gizli anlaşma Sykes-Picot ile Fransız
mandasına bırakılmıştır. 1946 yılında bağımsızlığını kazanana kadar
Fransızların himayesinde kalmıştır. Kurtuluş savaşından sonra Suriye ile Sınır
meseleleri, Suriye’de kalan Türkler gibi sorunlar meydana gelmiştir. En önemli
Sorun ise Hatay Sorunu’ dur. Türkiye, Hatay meselesini sürekli gündemde
tutmuş, Hatay’ın Türkiye’ye verilmesi
için mücadelesini sürdürmüştür. Bu çalışmada, Atatürk Döneminde Türkiye- Suriye
ilişkileri daha çok Suriye ile yapılan anlaşmalar ve özellikle Hatay meselesi
geniş olarak ele alınmıştır.
TAVŞAN SÖZCÜĞÜNÜN ETİMOLOJİSİ ÜZERİNE
Authors: SARITİKEN Hakan 
Published: January 2019

Türkçenin en eski metinlerinden itibaren takip edebildiğimiz tavşan
sözcüğünün oldukça farklı alanlarda, hem kendi anlamıyla hem de benzetme
yoluyla birçok anlamda kullanıldığını görmekteyiz. Eski Türkçe ve Orta Türkçe
dönemlerinde kendi anlamıyla kullanılması yanında, On iki hayvanlı takvimde
“Tavışgan Yılı” kullanımı ile karşımıza çıkan tavşan sözcüğünün, benzetmeler
yoluyla spor terimi anlamında da kullanıldığını görmekteyiz. Günümüzde ise
Türkçe Sözlükte, Derleme Sözlüğünde ve Tarama Sözlüğünde çeşitli alanlardaki
kullanımlarına rastlamaktayız. Benzetme ve somutlaştırmalar yoluyla bir takımyıldızına,
birçok bitkiye, birçok hastalığa ad olarak; astronomi, botanik, tıp alanlarında
kullanılırken, spor, coğrafya gibi birçok alanda tavşan sözcüğünü görmek
mümkündür. Tavşan sözcüğünün kökeni ile ilgili birçok değerlendirme
yapılmıştır. Tuncer Gülensoy; taw-(sıçramak, zıplamak) rı- ş- gan şeklinde
olduğunu ifade eder. Eski Türkçede kullanılan tabış- fiiline -gan eki
getirilerek yapıldığı görüşü yanında, Eski Uygur Türkçesinde “gürültü şamata”
anlamında kullanılan “tavış” isminden türetildiği görüşlerine rastlamaktayız.
Makalede öncelikle tavşan sözcüğünün Türkçenin tarihi metinlerinde ve Türk
lehçelerinde nasıl ve hangi anlamlarda kullanıldığı ortaya konulurken sözcüğün
kökeni üzerinde daha önce ortaya atılan görüşlere yer verilecektir. Son olarak tavşan
sözcüğünün; “Düzleştirme, tepme, yere vurma” anlamındaki “tab” isim kökünden iki farklı şekilde türetilmiş
olabileceği görüşü ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.
REKTUM KANSERİNDE NEOADJUVAN KEMORADYOTERAPİ SONRASI RADYOLOJİK VE PATOLOJİK YANIT PREDİKTÖRLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÖZKAN Emine Elif , EROĞLU Hasan Erol , KARAHAN Nermin , ŞENGÜL Süreyya 
Published: January 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada lokal ileri evre rektum tümörlü olgularda preoperatif
kemo-radyoterapi (KRT) sonrası klinik, radyolojik patolojik özelliklerin radyolojik
ve patolojik yanıt ile korelasyonunun araştırılması amaçlandı.

Gereç
ve Yöntem: Çalışmada Ocak 2012
ve Mayıs 2017 tarihleri arasında endoskopik biyopsi ile rektum kanseri tanısı
alan ve kliniğimizde neoadjuvan (KRT) uygulanan 26 hasta retrospektif olarak
değerlendirildi. Hastaların tedavi öncesi endoskopik bulguları (dentat çizgiye
uzaklık, çevresel tutulum, ülserasyon), radyolojik tümör boyutu, Pozitron
Emisyon tomografi (PET) de görülen kitle boyutu, lenf nodu pozitifliği, standart
uptake değeri (SUV) düzeyi ile tedavi sonrası radyolojik ve patolojik yanıt
düzeylerinin ilişkisi araştırıldı. Patolojik regresyon düzeyi modifiye Ryan
skorlaması ile değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Hastaların 19’u erkek 7’si kadın olup median yaşları 61
(40 – 83) idi. Olgularımızın medyan pelvik radyoterapi dozu 4500 cGy (3600 –
5040) tümöre yönelik boost dozu ise median 900 cGy (360 – 900) idi. Biri ileri
yaşta diğeri ise kardiak morbiditesi olan iki hastanın dışında tüm hastalara
radyoterapi eş zamanlı kapasitabin uygulandı. Kemoterapi sonrası yanıt tüm
hastalarda RECIST kriterlerine göre değerlendirildiğinde 1 hasta tam yanıtlı, 10
hasta stabil, kalan 15 hasta ise parsiyel yanıtlı olarak değerlendirildi. Tedavi
sonrası opere edilen 22 hastanın 11’ine abdominoperineal rezeksiyon (APR)
15’ine ise low anterior rezeksiyon (LAR) uygulandı. Radyoterapi sonrası
operasyona kadar geçen süre median 42 gün (15 – 194) olarak hesaplandı. Tedavi
öncesi PET CT de lenf nodu pozitif olan hastaların 11 inde patolojik lenf nodu
saptanmadı. Buna karşın başlangıçta lenf nodu görülmeyen 5 hastanın 1 inde
postop lenf nodu (+) idi. Endoskopide görülen tümörün çevreselliği, lokalizasyonunun anal verge’den 5 cm ve daha
fazla olması ve radyolojik yanıt varlığı sfinkter koruma açısından anlamlı
bulunurken (sırasıyla p: 0,03, p:0,019 ve p:0,022), radyolojik yanıt üzerinde
incelenen hiçbir faktörün prediktif etkisi saptanmadı. Hastalar risk gruplarına
göre değerlendirildiğinde radyolojik ve patolojik yanıt üzerinde anlamlı bir
etki saptanmadı.

Operasyon sonrası 1 hastada patolojik tam yanıt saptandı.
Regresyon skoru değerlendirilen 17 hastanın 2’sinde skor 3, 10’unda 2, 5
hastada ise 1 olarak değerlendirildi.

Sonuç: Tümörün çevresel yayılımı, lokalizasyonunun anal verge’den 5 cm ve daha
yüksek olması ve radyolojik yanıt varlığı sfinkter koruma açısından anlamlı
bulunurken (sırasıyla p: 0,03, p:0,019 ve p:0,022), radyolojik yanıt üzerinde
incelenen hiçbir faktörün prediktif etkisi saptanmadı.
THE MULTIPLE ROLES OF EXHIBIT LEARNING IMPACT ASSESSMENTS IN A SCIENCE CENTRE
Authors: Monteiro Paulo Henrique Nico , Barriault Chantal , Bizzo Nelio 
Published: January 2019

Visitor’s engagement with an exhibit could be considered as an important learning indicator and predictor. Based on this idea, Barriault and Pearson (2010) proposed an assessment framework, which has been constantly used by a Canadian Science Centre - Science North for different areas and proposes since 2005. This paper presents and analyses this experience as well as discuss some features of this framework as accuracy, feasibility and adaptability for other contexts. Documental analysis and interviews with Science North science staff and directors were held in order to deeply understand how this assessment method has been used at this Science Centre over these 10 years. All interviewees pointed that data collected through this method has been used to make changes in an exhibit in order to improve visitor's engagement, in floor-staff training programmes, as an important information for international partnerships and sales and, more recently, as a Centre's management indicators. In addition, all respondents stressed the accuracy and feasibility as strengths of the tool as far as data collected is easy to understand and "make sense" for all staff. Science North's experience shows that collecting and analysing learning data can play an important role in providing useful findings for different areas of a science centre, and could be an important way to improve visitor’s experience at the museum.
A study of drug utilisation pattern in patients of chronic kidney disease at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kamath Latha , G. Hema N. , S. Himamani 
Published: January 2019

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue and widely prevalent non-communicable disease in India. CKD has a complex pharmacotherapy and it inevitably requires poly-pharmacy. CKD patients require to take medications for a lifelong period, which makes it very important to study the prescribing trends on a regular basis. The main objective of the study was to analyse current prescribing trends in the management of CKD patients and to know whether the prescribing rationality was maintained.Methods: After Institutional Ethics Committee approval, a prospective Cross-sectional study was carried out at Nephrology department of a tertiary care hospital for a period of six months from 1st June 2017 to 30th November 2017. Patients diagnosed with CKD by treating Nephrologist were included and their prescriptions were analysed to study the prescribing patterns.Results: A total of 120 cases were analysed during the study, of which 81.7% were males and 18.3% were females. Analysis of WHO core drug prescribing indicators showed that the average number of drugs prescribed per patient was 5.13, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 30.03%, percentage of patients with an injection prescribed was 16.6%, percentage of drugs prescribed from essential medicine list was 65.8% and percentage of patients prescribed with an antibiotic was 10.8%. Antihypertensive drugs (39.9%) were the most commonly used drugs, followed by, calcium salts (12.01%), multi-vitamins (7.6%), oral iron supplements (6.8%), erythropoietin (6.3%) and ulcer protectives (6.1%).Conclusions: Maximum number of drugs were prescribed from cardiovascular class of drugs. Calcium channel blockers and diuretics were the commonest group of antihypertensives prescribed. The principle of rational prescribing was followed.
Predictors of hypertension in Oman
Authors: Anwar Sanam , Moslhey Ghadeer J. , Aleem Bushra , Rashid Hajir H. , Alrashdi Asma S. 
Published: January 2019

Background: According to the Oman World Health Survey in 2008, the prevalence of hypertension in Oman is about 40%. Hypertension is associated with old people, male gender, smoker and impaired glucose tolerance. The objective of the study was to find out the important predictors of hypertension in Oman.Methods: A cross sectional study in Omani adults more than 18 years of age was conducted. Blood pressure was measured and participants were classified as having hypertension. Height and weight was measured and body mass index was used to classify obesity by WHO guidelines. Multiple logistic regression was used to find the predictors of hypertension.Results: Increase in age and body mass index were found to be important covariates of hypertension. People in the age group of 30 to 50 years were at high risk of hypertension (OR 1.6, p<0.05); likelihood increased to three times in more than 50 years age group (p<0.01) in univariate analysis. Overweight had almost 2 times (p<0.05) and obese had five times (p<0.01) more likelihood of hypertension than normal weight people. People with less education had more likelihood of hypertension. Smokers (OR 2.9, p<0.01) and males (OR 1.5, p<0.05) were at a higher risk of hypertension than non-smokers and females in multivariate analysis. Percentage accuracy of classification was 67.4%.Conclusions: Age more than 50 years, male gender, BMI more than 30 and smoking were important predictors of hypertension in the study population.
Internet addiction and ADHD, are they significantly related?
Authors: Piplani Shobhit , Bhushan Shashi , Tekkalaki Bheemsain V. 
Published: January 2019

Background: There has been marked rise in use of internet over the last decade, with increasing internet use people are more prone to psychological disorders. This has markedly hit the population of young adults as they are the ones who maximum use internet. These users are also prone to develop Attention deficit hyperactive disorder(ADHD) and other behavioural problems.Methods: The study was conducted by the Department of Psychiatry, 900 (design effect=2) students were randomly selected (620 from Medical College and 280 from Dental College). Out of 900, 618 students answered the questionnaire completely which included Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1). Subjects who came positive for ASRS were asked to undergo a test for DSM-V. Independent t-test was used to assess the outcomes and p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: The mean age of the participants were 20.03±1.45 years. It was found that people from age group 19-20 were addicted the most (240 students), coming next were from age group 21-22 (162 students). The prevalence rate of self-reported ADHD symptoms using the ASRS screener was 20.2%. Out of these ADHD suspects 39(31.45%) were moderately addicted and 73(58.87%) were mildly addicted, and this association was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: Thus, with modernization it is seen that internet use has dramatically increased, which has various kinds of behavioural, psychological, mental effects on one's life. Moreover, students who were more addicted to internet were found to be more susceptible to ADHD.
Identificación de proteínas reguladoras de la expresión génica en tripanosomátidos
Authors: Ruiz Elizabeth , Ramírez César A. , Nocua Paola , Requena José María , Puerta Concepción J. 
Published: January 2019

Los tripanosomátidos son parásitos causantes de patologías de reconocido impacto en salud pública como la enfermedad de Chagas, la enfermedad del sueño y la leishmaniasis. Estos microorganismos divergieron tempranamente de la línea evolutiva de los eucariotas y se caracterizan por poseer mecanismos peculiares de regulación génica finamente orquestados, tan eficaces que han asegurado su transmisión al permitirles adaptarse a ambientes inhóspitos y dispares como los de sus huéspedes invertebrados y mamíferos. Como consecuencia de su peculiar organización genómica, los tripanosomátidos han apostado por regular la expresión de sus genes a través de mecanismos posteriores a la transcripción, mediados principalmente por la acción de proteínas de unión a ARN (RNA-binding proteins, RBP), que reconocen su mensajero blanco gracias a la presencia de elementos reguladores en cis y se asocian con el ARN formando complejos ribonucleoprotéicos. De esta manera, las células establecen redes reguladoras en las que una misma RBP puede actuar sobre centenares de ARN mensajeros y el destino de cada uno de estos es dictado por la combinación de RBP con las que interactúa. Si bien mediante herramientas de bioinformática se han predicho cerca de un centenar de proteínas con capacidad de unión al ARN en tripanosomátidos, son pocas las que se han caracterizado y, sin duda, son muchas las que están aún por descubrir. En este artículo, se presentan las estrategias seguidas para la identificación y caracterización de proteínas reguladoras de la expresión génica en tripanosomátidos durante la última década en nuestro grupo de investigación, especialmentede las proteínas RBP directamente implicadas en la regulación posterior a la transcripción de los genes HSP70 de Leishmania braziliensis. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DA VERDADE E A GESTÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO NA CENTRAL DISQUE-DENÚNCIA
Authors: Dos Santos Vianna Mariana , Barros Geraldo Pedro Heitor 
Published: January 2019

Este artigo descreve e analisa o processo de construção da verdade e da gestão da informação na Central Disque-Denúncia a partir da observação das práticas de recebimento das denúncias, mas também da organização e gestão da informação pelo Setor de Análise. O objetivo é compreender como a instituição – diferentemente de outras instituições de segurança pública – atua nos processos de produção da informação e de construção da verdade e como elabora a sua política de gestão da informação através da difusão de dados e relatórios. Esta análise compreende as formas de produção da informação pelos “relatórios” cujas finalidades são específicas. Demonstra-se como as informações obtidas pela Central de Atendimento da Central Disque-Denúncia são importantes para a produção de relatórios do Setor de Análise e como os analistas se relacionam com os agentes da segurança pública a partir de uma atividade não-inquisitorial de gestão da informação. Como conclusão, a pesquisademonstra as diferenças entre as formas transparentes e as formas inquisitoriais de gestão da informação.
Conflict of Interest Provisions in State Laws Governing Medical and Adult Use Cannabis
Authors: Bowling Candice M. , Glantz Stanton A. 
Published: January 2019

Although the acceleration of cannabis legalization in the United States has spurred innovations in public administration and policymaking, there have been news accounts of public employees engaged in cannabis licensure or enforcement that constitute conflicts of interest (COIs). After conducting 3 surveys in 50 states (including Washington, DC as a state), we found that COI provisions pertaining to cannabis-related public employment fell into 2 categories: subject matter general and cannabis specific. Only 20% (6/30) of the states that legalized medical cannabis had COI provisions in their medical cannabis codes, whereas the remaining 80% rely on subject matter general provisions relating to all areas of regulated subject matter, highlighting the need for thoughtful creation of COI rules in future policymaking. By contrast, 88% (7/8) of states that have legalized adult use cannabis put their COI provisions directly in their cannabis codes or regulations. Governments should enact cannabis-specific COI policies applicable to broadly defined categories of public employees that are responsive to the unique context of bringing cannabis from the black market into the regulated market.
Estimating the Number of People Who Inject Drugs in A Rural County in Appalachia
Authors: Allen Sean T. , O’Rourke Allison , White Rebecca Hamilton , Schneider Kristin E. , Kilkenny Michael , Sherman Susan G. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives. To demonstrate how we applied the capture–recapture method for population estimation directly in a rural Appalachian county (Cabell County, WV) to estimate the number of people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods. We conducted 2 separate 2-week periods of data collection in June (“capture”) and July (“recapture”) 2018. We recruited PWID from a syringe services program and in community locations where PWID were known to congregate. Participants completed a survey that included measures related to sociodemographics, substance use, and HIV and hepatitis C virus prevention. Results. In total, 797 surveys were completed; of these surveys, 49.6% (n = 395) reflected PWID who reported injection drug use in the past 6 months and Cabell County residence. We estimated that there were 1857 (95% confidence interval = 1147, 2567) PWID in Cabell County. Among these individuals, most reported being White (83.4%), younger than 40 years (70.9%), and male (59.5%). The majority reported injecting heroin (82.0%), methamphetamine (71.0%), and fentanyl (56.3%) in the past 6 months. Conclusions. Capture–recapture methods can be applied in rural settings to estimate the size of PWID populations.
Energy, Environment, and Social Development: The Role of R&D in Energy Sustainability - Global Oil and Gas Supply Security and Future Energy Mix
Authors: Alnuaim Sami 
Published: January 2019

President's column
A key component of sustainability is human lifestyle—meeting not just the basics, but for all people to have the opportunity to grow, develop, and prosper. Unquestionably, access to energy is a key component of achieving this goal. Having an adequate, reliable, affordable, environmentally-cleaner and uninterrupted supply of energy is crucial. Despite the calls to immediately cease using fossil fuels, hydrocarbon resources are essential to support the global economy. We cannot achieve a sustainable world in the long term without access to oil and gas. Currently, more than 50% of world energy demand is met by oil and gas. The difficult and yet-to-be-answered questions in the energy industry are the timing of oil and gas depletion and the energy mix afterward.
Will oil remain as the primary source of energy at the end of this century, especially in the transportation sector which currently consumes from 75 to 80% of the oil produced? Will gas remain as a primary source of energy for power generation and petrochemicals by the end of this century? Even with renewable energy growing by 400% or more, when will there be enough of these sources to replace oil and gas? Will they be practical for transportation? No one disagrees that oil and gas are depletable energy sources, and that we must find other sources of energy to replace them if mankind’s lifestyle on Earth is to be maintained or improved for hundreds, or I may say, thousands of years to come. However, knowing precisely when this will happen is quite challenging.
The oil and gas industry long ago embraced the challenge of finding and producing enough resources to meet growing world demand. Replacing what is produced each year isn’t enough; as demand grows, production capacity must grow, which means discovering more resources. We’ve met that challenge. How? By making enormous investments in research and development (R&D).
There is absolutely no doubt that the last few decades’ R&D efforts have reduced uncertainties on the exploration side and have increased recovery efficiency. Thanks to newly developed technologies, fields that were not economically feasible before are now being developed. We’ve learned how to economically and safely produce tight and unconventional resources, and those in hostile environments. All of this has resulted in significant reserves addition and recovery increases.