bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete Dynamical Systems: A Brief Survey
Authors: Fernandes Sara , Ramos Carlos , Thapa Gyan Bahadur , Lopes Luís , Grácio Clara 
Published: June 2018

Dynamical system is a mathematical formalization for any fixed rule that is described in time dependent fashion. The time can be measured by either of the number systems - integers, real numbers, complex numbers. A discrete dynamical system is a dynamical system whose state evolves over a state space in discrete time steps according to a fixed rule. This brief survey paper is concerned with the part of the work done by José Sousa Ramos [2] and some of his research students. We present the general theory of discrete dynamical systems and present results from applications to geometry, graph theory and synchronization. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 35-51
Optimization for Upgradation of Small Hydropower Plant in Nepal: A Case Study of Sundarijal Hydropower Plant
Authors: Raut Prahlad , Shrestha Rajendra , Gautam Pashupati Raj 
Published: June 2018

Efficiencies of electro-mechanical components of the Sundarijal Hydropower Plant in Nepal has been decreased and the plant has been generating less energy than design generation. The study shows that the plant can be upgraded to 1.1 MW capacity at Q60 design with rehabilitation. Main objective of the plant rehabilitation is to improve operational stability and reliability of power supply by increasing capacity, efficiency, and safety of the plant. The research is based on the Residual Life Assessment of hydro-mechanical components. Minimum thickness of existing penstock obtained from measurement is six mm which is sufficient for upgradation at Q60 design. Mechanical and chemical properties of penstock is found to be acceptable for upgradation. Machine foundations are tested to be safe for upgradation. Upgradation can be carried out for two scenarios: i) using two generating units system ii) using three generating units system. Energy generation per annum from two generating units system is 65.92 MWh lower than three generating units system. The difference in annual revenue between two systems is 3.93 thousand USD. Capital cost estimation shows that cost for three generating three generating units system is higher than two generating units system by 152 thousands USD. Cash flow analysis shows that IRR ratio for two generating units system is higher than three generating units system by three percentage. Upgradation with two generating units system is more suitable and beneficial than three generating units system. Optimization of turbine units is also carried out using nonlinear gradient reduction method in excel solver. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 82-95
Modeling Exchange Rate Volatility using APARCH Models
Authors: Ogutu Carolyn , Canhanga Betuel , Biganda Pitos 
Published: June 2018

ARCH (Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedacity) and GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedacity) models have been used in forecasting fluctuations in exchange rates, commodities and securities and are appropriate for modeling time series in which there is non-constant variance, and in which the variance at one time period is dependent on the variance at a previous time period. In our paper we deal with APARCH models (Arithmetic Power Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) in order to fit into a data series with asymmetric characteristics. We use Kenyan, Tanzanian and Mozambican data and perform the time series analysis and obtain a model that characterize the data set under consideration. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 96-106
"Kath Tatha Kastha-Pravidhima" Prayojanparak Engineering Bhashik Bhed Ek Adhyayan "काठ तथा काष्ठ प्रविधिमा" प्रयोजनपरक इन्जिनीरिंग भाषिक भेद एक अध्ययन
Authors: Dhungana ढुंगाना Yadav Prasad यादव प्रसाद 
Published: June 2018

Not Available.उपलब्ध छैन Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 241-244
Formulation and Evaluation of Acyclovir Microspheres
Authors: S Pavani , K Mounika , K Naresh 
Published: June 2018

The present study is to formulate and evaluate Acyclovir (ACV) microspheres using natural polymers like chitosan and sodium alginate. ACV is a DNA polymerase inhibitor used in treating herpes simplex virus infection and zoster varicella infections. Acyclovir is a suitable candidate for sustained-release (SR) administration as a result of its dosage regimen twice or thrice a day and relatively short plasma half-life (approximately 2 to 4 hours). Microspheres of ACV were prepared by an ionic dilution method using chitosan and sodium alginate as polymers. The prepared ACV microspheres were then subjected to FTIR, SEM, particle size, % yield, entrapment efficiency, in vitro dissolution studies and release kinetics mechanism. The FTIR spectra’s revealed that, there was no interaction between polymer and ACV. ACV microspheres were spherical in nature, which was confirmed by SEM. The particle size of microspheres was in the range of 23.8µm to 39.4µm. 72.9% drug entrapment efficiency was obtained in the formulation F3 (1:3 ratio) with a high concentration of calcium chloride (4% w/v). The in vitro performance of ACV microspheres showed sustained release depending on the polymer concentration and concentration of calcium chloride. The release data was best fitted with zero order kinetics and Korsemeyer -Peppas release mechanism and diffusion exponent ‘n’ value of was found to be Non-Fickian.
Dissolution Enhancement of Raltegravir by Hot Melt Extrusion Technique
Authors: S. Abdul Jabbar Ahmed 
Published: June 2018

The objective of the study to develop an amorphous solid dispersion for poorly soluble raltegravir by hot melt extrusion (HME) technique. A novel solubility improving agent plasdone s630 was utilized. The HME raltegravir was formulated into tablet by direct compression method. The prepared tablets were assessed for all pre and post-compression parameters. The drug- excipients interaction was examined by FTIR and DSC. All formulas displayed complying with pharmacopoeial measures. The study reveals that formula prepared by utilizing drug and plasdone S630 at 1:1.5 proportion and span 20 at concentration about 30mg (trail-6) has given highest dissolution rate than contrasted with various formulas of raltegravir.
Keywords: Hot melt extrusion, Raltegravir, Plasdone S630.
Darifenacin Hydrobromide loaded nanostructured lipid carrier for oral administration
Authors: Ala Allah Ali kathem , Hussein Ahmed 
Published: June 2018

Darifenacin hydrobromide is a selective ?3 receptor antimuscarinic drug and it is used in the management of urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence in detrusor instability. It slightly soluble in water, undergoes extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism and has short elimination half-life (3–4 hours). Therefore, It has low bioavailability (15.4 % - 18.6 %). Darifenacin hydrobromide loaded NLCs were formulated by emulsification sonication using different ratios of solid lipid to liquid lipid, different types of surfactants, and different concentration of surfactants. Formula sixteen was considered as an optimized formula based on its particle size, PDI, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. Formula sixteen subjected to further characterization such as DSC, FT – IR, XRD, AFM, and release study. FT-IR and DSC studies showed no interaction between drug and excipients. XRD study showed that drug in amorphous form. AFM study showed discrete lipid nanoparticles with no aggregation. Release study showed burst release in the first hour followed by sustained and controlled release up to 12 hours. The over all study showed the potential of NLC as a carrier for enhancing the bioavailability of darifenacin hydrobromide as compared to the conventional dosage form.
Key words: Darifenacin hydrobromide, nanostructured lipid carrier, bioavailability.
Application of magnetic Barkhausen noise for residual stress analysis – Consideration of the microstructure
Authors: Schuster Simone , Dertinger Laura , Dapprich Dominik , Gibmeier Jens 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) is a nondestructive method for residual stress analysis. A great advantage over most complementary residual stress analysis techniques is that measurements can be performed very fast. Barkhausen noise is affected by residual stress to the same extent as by the microstructure of the analyzed sample. Thus, a careful calibration considering the microstructure has to be carried out for quantitative residual stress determination. In the present work, the influence of slight changes in microstructure (i. e. grain size) was investigated for a mild steel. Calibration curves were determined by means of 4-point bending tests. Afterwards, the calibration curves were validated using tensile test samples with known applied stress. The tensile samples were manufactured from a different batch attaining a smaller average grain size than the calibration sample. The stress determined significantly differed from the nominal applied stress due to the differences in the grain size. After consideration of the grain size effect, satisfactory agreement between determined and nominal stress could be achieved. Finally, an MBN residual stress analysis was performed on a deep rolled sample. Complementarily, the residual stress state was determined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). Significant differences between the XRD and MBN results could be observed. The results indicate that the microstructure of the calibration sample must be identical with the microstructure of the sample to be analyzed to avoid erroneous residual stress results. Furthermore, the load direction during MBN calibration must be correctly chosen.
Is Students’ Speaking Participation Related to Students’ Personality and Gender?
Authors: Muslimah Maziyyatul 
Published: June 2018

Pedagogically, students will gain more when they engage in a discussion actively rather than as passive observers. Therefore, active participation in class is a prominent aspect of enhancing students’ competencies. Additionally, there are several studies of personality traits and gender differences proven to influence students’ participation, which encourage the author to observe the relationship between students’ speaking participation, personality traits, and gender differences. The author also investigated other factors that influence students’ participation in classroom discussions based on the students’ perspectives. Using mixed methods empirical research, the results of this study reveal that introverted students have a slightly higher participation rate than extroverted students which contradicts findings of some previous research. Meanwhile, investigation of gender shows that the average of male students’ speaking participation is relatively higher than females. Further investigation of factors that possibly influence students’ engagement indicates a strong relationship between English education background and students’ speaking participation. Thesee findings are expected to contribute to the literature for higher education researchers interested in understanding factors influencing students’ participation and as a consideration for higher education practitioners to enhance students’ engagement in class activities.

Key Words: English, speaking, participation, personality, gender, university, Indonesia
Scientific Approach: Model-Based Inquiry in Teaching Narrative
Authors: Kusrini Nurul Azizah Ria 
Published: June 2018

Curriculum 2013 is the latest curriculum created by the government to make the education in Indonesia better. Scientific approach offered in this curriculum is very remarkable to discuss, since almost all educators are talking about this approach. However, most of the educators get trouble and feel confused to apply this approach in teaching English, since it is usually applied in science class. Therefore, this study was written to show the steps of applying this approach in teaching English. This study, used library research, tried to offer new alternative vision to emerge the students’ critical thinking through Model-Based Inquiry, an activity which is able to engage the student to learn more deeply with content and embody of five characteristic of scientific knowledge in which the idea presented in the form of models are testable, revisable, explanatory, conjectural and generative. This study provided the example of teaching narrative text which might be able to be applied in the various final products which could be alternative result of this strategy.
Pembuatan Modul Pembelajaran Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Adobe Dircetor pada Mata Pelajaran Sistem Operasi Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
Authors: Sefriani Rini , Wijaya Indra 
Published: June 2018

This study aims to design and create interactive multimedia learning modules that meet Valid, Practical and Effective requirements for operating system subjects in Vocational High School. The type of this research is Research and Development research conducted in Vocational High School class 10. The population of this study is the students of class 10 SMK Negeri Batipuh West Sumatra. The sample of this research is students of class 10 Multimedia SMK N Batipuh West Sumatra. The results of the assessment of the three validators overall validator assessment of the Interactive multimedia learning module amounted to 83.93 percent so that the validity level can be interpreted Valid is used. Overall assessment of the practicality level of use Interactive multimedia learning module as a learning resource of 89.19 percent, so the level of practicality can be interpreted Very Practical use and the effectiveness assessment of Interactive multimedia learning module as a learning resource of 86.90 percent so that the level of effectiveness can be interpreted Very Effective use.
Keywords: Adobe Director, Interactive Multimedia Module, Operating System
The Solar Neighborhood XLIV: RECONS Discoveries within 10 parsecs
Authors: Henry Todd J. , Jao Wei-Chun , Winters Jennifer G. , Dieterich Sergio B. , Finch Charlie T. , Ianna Philip A. , Riedel Adric R. , Silverstein Michele L. , Subasavage John P. , Vrijmoet Eliot Halley 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We describe the 44 systems discovered to be within 10 pc of the Sun by the RECONS team, primarily via the long-term astrometry program at the CTIO/SMARTS 0.9 m that began in 1999. The systems—including 41 with red dwarf primaries, 2 white dwarfs, and 1 brown dwarf—have trigonometric parallaxes greater than 100 mas, with errors of 0.4–2.4 mas in all but one case. We provide updated astrometric, photometric (VRIJHK magnitudes), spectral type, and multiplicity information here. Among these are 14 systems that are new entries to the 10 pc sample, including the first parallaxes for 9 systems and new values for 5 systems that had previous parallaxes with errors greater than 10 mas or values placing them beyond 10 pc. We also provide new data for 22 systems known to lie within 10 pc and 9 systems reported to be closer than that horizon but for which new parallaxes place them further away, bringing the total to 75 systems. The 44 systems added by RECONS comprise one of every 7 systems known within 10 pc. We illustrate the evolution of the 10 pc sample from the 191 systems known when the final Yale Parallax Catalog was published in 1995 to the 317 systems known today. Even so close to the Sun, additional discoveries of white, red, and brown dwarfs are possible, both as primaries and secondaries, although we estimate that at least 90% of the stellar systems closer than 10 pc have now been identified.
Spherical Radiative Transfer in C++ (SRTC++): A Parallel Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer Model for Titan
Authors: Barnes Jason W. , MacKenzie Shannon M. , Young Eliot F. , Trouille Laura E. , Rodriguez Sèbastien , Cornet Thomas , Jackson Brian K. , Ádámkovics Máté , Sotin Christophe , Soderblom Jason M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present a new computer program, SRTC++, to solve spatial problems associated with explorations of Saturn’s moon Titan. The program implements a three-dimensional structure well-suited to addressing shortcomings arising from plane-parallel radiative transfer approaches. SRTC++'s design uses parallel processing in an object-oriented, compiled computer language (C++) leading to a flexible and fast architecture. We validate SRTC++ using analytical results, semianalytical radiative transfer expressions, and an existing Titan plane-parallel model. SRTC++ complements existing approaches, addressing spatial problems like near-limb and near-terminator geometries, non-Lambertian surface phase functions (including specular reflections), and surface albedo nonuniformity.
The Red-giant Branch Bump Revisited: Constraints on Envelope Overshooting in a Wide Range of Masses and Metallicities
Authors: Khan Saniya , Hall Oliver J. , Miglio Andrea , Davies Guy R. , Mosser Benoît , Girardi Léo , Montalbán Josefina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The red-giant branch bump provides valuable information for the investigation of the internal structure of low-mass stars. Because current models are unable to accurately predict the occurrence and efficiency of mixing processes beyond convective boundaries, one can use the luminosity of the bump—a diagnostic of the maximum extension of the convective envelope during the first-dredge up—as a calibrator for such processes. By combining asteroseismic and spectroscopic constraints, we expand the analysis of the bump to masses and metallicities beyond those previously accessible using globular clusters. Our data set comprises nearly 3000 red-giant stars observed by Kepler and with APOGEE spectra. Using statistical mixture models, we are able to detect the bump in the average seismic parameters ν
max and

, and show that its observed position reveals general trends with mass and metallicity in line with expectations from models. Moreover, our analysis indicates that standard stellar models underestimate the depth of efficiently mixed envelopes. The inclusion of significant overshooting from the base of the convective envelope, with an efficiency that increases with decreasing metallicity, allows us to reproduce the observed location of the bump. Interestingly, this trend was also reported in previous studies of globular clusters.
A Holistic Perspective on the Dynamics of G035.39-00.33: The Interplay between Gas and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Liu Tie , Li Pak Shing , Juvela Mika , Kim Kee-Tae , Evans II Neal J. , Francesco James Di , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Yuan Jinghua , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Zhang Qizhou , Ward-Thompson Derek , Fuller Gary , Goldsmith Paul F. , Koch P. M. , Sanhueza Patricio , Ristorcelli I. , Kang Sung-ju , Chen Huei-Ru , Hirano N. , Wu Yuefang , Sokolov Vlas , Lee Chang Won , White Glenn J. , Wang Ke , Eden David , Li Di , Thompson Mark , Pattle Kate M , Soam Archana , Nasedkin Evert , Kim Jongsoo , Kim Gwanjeong , Lai Shih-Ping , Park Geumsook , Qiu Keping , Zhang Chuan-Peng , Alina Dana , Eswaraiah Chakali , Falgarone Edith , Fich Michel , Greaves Jane , Gu Q.-L. , Kwon Woojin , Li Hua-bai , Malinen Johanna , Montier Ludovic , Parsons Harriet , Qin Sheng-Li , Rawlings Mark G. , Ren Zhi-Yuan , Tang Mengyao , Tang Y.-W. , Toth L. V. , Wang Jiawei , Wouterloot Jan , Yi H.-W. , Zhang H.-W. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Magnetic field plays a crucial role in shaping molecular clouds and regulating star formation, yet the complete information on the magnetic field is not well constrained owing to the limitations in observations. We study the magnetic field in the massive infrared dark cloud G035.39-00.33 from dust continuum polarization observations at 850 μm with SCUBA-2/POL-2 at JCMT for the first time. The magnetic field tends to be perpendicular to the densest part of the main filament (F
M), whereas it has a less defined relative orientation in the rest of the structure, where it tends to be parallel to some diffuse regions. A mean plane-of-the-sky magnetic field strength of ∼50 μG for F
M is obtained using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method. Based on 13CO (1–0) line observations, we suggest a formation scenario of F
M due to large-scale (∼10 pc) cloud–cloud collision. Using additional NH3 line data, we estimate that F
M will be gravitationally unstable if it is only supported by thermal pressure and turbulence. The northern part of F
M, however, can be stabilized by a modest additional support from the local magnetic field. The middle and southern parts of F
M are likely unstable even if the magnetic field support is taken into account. We claim that the clumps in F
M may be supported by turbulence and magnetic fields against gravitational collapse. Finally, we identified for the first time a massive (∼200 M
⊙), collapsing starless clump candidate, “c8,” in G035.39-00.33. The magnetic field surrounding “c8” is likely pinched, hinting at an accretion flow along the filament.
Policy to Foster Civility and Support a Healthy Academic Work Environment
Authors: Clark Cynthia M. , Ritter Katy 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Incivility in academic workplaces can have detrimental effects on individuals, teams, departments, and the campus community at large. Alternately, healthy academic workplaces generate heightened levels of employee satisfaction, engagement, and morale.

Method:
This article describes the development and implementation of a comprehensive, legally defensible policy related to workplace civility and the establishment of a healthy academic work environment.

Results:
A detailed policy exemplar is included to provide a structure for fostering a healthy academic work environment, a fair, consistent, confidential procedure for defining and addressing workplace incivility, a mechanism for reporting and subsequent investigation of uncivil acts if indicated, and ways to foster civility and respectful workplace behavior.

Conclusion:

The authors detail a step-by-step procedure and an incremental approach to address workplace incivility and reward policy adherence. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(6):325–331.]
Relationship Between Marginality and Minority Status in Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Englund Heather 
Published: June 2018

Background:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between marginality and minority status in undergraduate nursing students enrolled in one of the four universities in Wisconsin that offer a baccalaureate nursing program.

Method:

A nonexperimental, descriptive correlational design was used for data collection. Participants (
N
= 331) completed a demographic survey, and marginality was measured using the Koci Marginality Index-70. The demographic variables of race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, and age were investigated in relation to marginality.

Results:

A statistically significant difference was found in mean scores for minority (
M
= 177.5,
SD
= 29.3) versus nonminority undergraduate nursing students (
M
= 166.4,
SD
= 18.1);
t
(329) = 4.3,
p
⩽ .001.

Conclusion:

The findings from this research study suggest that marginalization remains a significant issue for minority undergraduate nursing students. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(6):339–346.]