bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A theoretical foundation of state-transition cohort models
Authors: Iskandar Rowan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFollowing its introduction over three decades ago, the cohort model has been used extensively to model population trajectories over time in decision-analytic modeling studies. However, the stochastic process underlying cohort models has not been properly described. In this study, we explicate the stochastic process underlying a cohort model, by carefully formulating the dynamics of populations across health states and assigning probability rules on these dynamics. From this formulation, we explicate a mathematical representation of the system, which is given by the master equation. We solve the master equation by using the probability generation function method to obtain the explicit form of the probability of observing a particular realization of the system at an arbitrary time. The resulting generating function is used to derive the analytical expressions for calculating the mean and the variance of the process. Secondly, we represent the cohort model by a difference equation for the number of individuals across all states. From the difference equation, a continuous-time cohort model is recovered and takes the form of an ordinary differential equation. To show the equivalence between the derived stochastic process and the cohort model, we conduct a numerical exercise. We demonstrate that the population trajectories generated from the formulas match those from the cohort model simulation. In summary, the commonly-used cohort model represent the average of a continuous-time stochastic process on a multidimensional integer lattice governed by a master equation. Knowledge of the stochastic process underlying a cohort model provides a theoretical foundation for the modeling method.
Locus Suicide Recombination actively occurs on the functionally rearranged IgH allele in B-cells from inflamed human lymphoid tissues
Authors: Dalloul Iman , Boyer François , Dalloul Zeinab , Pignarre Amandine , Lacombe Gersende , Fest Thierry , Chatonnet Fabrice , Delaloy Céline , Durandy Anne , Jeannet Robin , Lereclus Emilie , Boutouil Hend , Aldigier Jean-Claude , Peron Sophie , Cook-Moreau Jeanne , Cogné Michel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractB-cell activation yields abundant cell death in parallel to clonal amplification and remodeling of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes by activation-induced deaminase (AID). AID promotes affinity maturation of Ig variable regions and class switch recombination (CSR) in mature B lymphocytes. In the IgH locus, these processes are under control by the 3’ regulatory region (3’RR) super-enhancer, a region demonstrated in the mouse to be both transcribed and itself targeted by AID-mediated recombination. Alternatively to CSR, IgH deletions joining Sμ to “like-switch” DNA repeats that flank the 3’ super-enhancer can thus accomplish so-called “locus suicide recombination” (LSR) in mouse B-cells. We now show that AID-mediated LSR also actively occurs in humans, and provides an activation-induced cell death pathway in multiple conditions of B-cell activation. LSR deletions either focus on the functional IgH allele or are bi-allelic, since they can only be detected when they are ongoing and their signature vanishes from fully differentiated plasma cells or from “resting” blood memory B-cells, but readily reappears when such memory B-cells are re-stimulatedin vitro. Highly diversified breakpoints are distributed either within the upstream (3’RR1) or downstream (3’RR2) copies of the IgH 3’ super-enhancer and all conditions activating CSRin vitroalso seem to trigger LSR.Author SummaryClass switch recombination, initiated by the activation-induced deaminase enzyme rearranges immunoglobulin (Ig) genes in order to replace expression of IgM by IgG, IgA or IgE. A variant form of this event, locus suicide recombination (LSR), was previously reported in mouse B-lymphocytes and simply deletes all functional Ig constant genes, thus terminating B-cell function. This study first demonstrates that the structure of the human Ig heavy chain locus provides an ideal target for LSR, and is thus actively (but transiently) affected by this deletional process at the activated B-cell stage. LSR then yields recombined genes that do not support B-cell survival and which thus become undetectable among long-lived memory B-cells or plasma cells.
Modelling and assessment of combining gilt vaccination, vector control and pig herd management to control Japanese Encephalitis virus transmission in Southeast Asia
Authors: Diallo Alpha Oumar , Chevalier Véronique , Cappelle Julien , Duboz Raphael , Didier Fontenille , Benoit Durand 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDespite existence of human vaccines, Japanese Encephalitis (JE) remains a prominent public health problem in Southeast Asia (SEA). JE is caused by a Flavivirus which is transmitted between pigs, the main amplifying hosts, by Culex mosquito bites. Therefore, sow vaccination, pig herd management and vector control –or a combination of these three potential control measures, might constitute additional control measures contributing to reduce JE health impact in humans, and economic losses in pig farms. We built a deterministic metapopulation model, combining a pig and a Culex mosquito vector population, to represent JE virus (JEV) transmission dynamic within a pig herd. The dynamic of the epidemiological systems resulted from an infectious process, operating in continuous time, combined with the pig breeding process that was modeled based on discrete events occurring instantaneously. We used this model to simulate JEV transmission within a continuum of plausible pig breeding systems encountered in SEA, ranging from backyards to semi-commercial systems. We then analyzed the joint effects of the three tested control measures, namely sow vaccination, pig herd management and vector control, on several indicators characterizing (i) the ability of different pig breeding systems to be simultaneously profitable and allow JEV eradication in the herd, (ii) the impact of JE on pig production and the profitability of gilt vaccination, and (iii) the risk for human beings living in the vicinity of pig herds and/or near pig slaughterhouses. According to our model, herd management has no effect on JEV circulation. Vector control alone is a major control tool but shows paradoxical effects that should be considered in any mosquito based control strategy. Combining sow vaccination and vector control could be an alternative or an additional measure to human vaccination to efficiently reduce both JE incidence in humans and the economic impact of JE infection on pig farms.Author summaryJapanese Encephalitis (JE) still has an important impact on human health in Southeast Asia. Human vaccination is an efficient tool to protect humans but it may not be effective against emerging strains, and poor or remote population may not be able to afford it. Severe outbreaks still occur. JE virus (JEV) is primarily transmitted between pigs and mosquitoes. When infected after sexual maturity, pigs show reproduction disorders leading to economic losses. We propose a modelling approach to investigate the joint effect of three additional control measures, namely sow vaccination, vector control, and pig herd management on JEV transmission dynamic, risk for humans and pigs, and pig breeding sustainability. According to our results, vector control, associated or not with sow vaccination, may be an efficient tool to reduce JE incidence in both human and pigs.
Effect of ambient heat-in-leak on the performance of three-fluid cross-flow heat exchanger
Authors: K.H. Jyothiprakash , Y.T. Krishnegowda , Venkataram Krishna , Seetharamu K.N. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Heat exchangers working in cryogenic temperature ranges are strongly affected by heat ingression from the ambient. This paper aims to investigate the effect of ambient heat-in-leak on the performance of a three-fluid cross-flow cryogenic heat exchanger.

Design/methodology/approach
The governing equations are derived for a three-fluid cross-flow cryogenic heat exchanger based on the conservation of energy principle. For given fluid inlet temperatures, the governing equations are solved using the finite element method to obtain exit temperatures of the three-fluid exchanger. The performance of the heat exchanger is determined using effectiveness-number of transfer units (e-NTU) method. In the present analysis, the amount of ambient heat-in-leak to the heat exchanger is accounted by two parameters Ht and Hb. The variation of the heat exchanger effectiveness due to ambient heat-in-leak is analyzed for various non-dimensional parameters defined to study the heat exchanger performance.

Findings
The effect of ambient heat in leak to the heat exchanger from the surrounding is to increase the dimensionless exit mean temperature of all three fluids. An increase in heat in leak parameter (Ht = Hb) value from 0 to 0.1 reduces hot fluid effectiveness by 32 per cent for an NTU value of 10.

Originality Value
The effect of heat-in-leak on a three-fluid cross-flow cryogenic heat exchanger is significant, but so far, no investigations are carried out. The results establish the efficacy of the method and throw light on important considerations involved in the design of such heat exchangers.
Virtual reality learning environments
Authors: Hahn Jim F. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a case study on virtual reality (VR) learning environments, focused on the development and integration of multi-user reference support.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper used a case study methodology to understand applied software development incorporating textual browsing experiences within the HTC Vive virtual reality headset. An open corpus of text from the HathiTrust Digital Library accessed via the API was used as a data source.

Findings
In collaboration with students from a senior undergraduate Computer Science project course, the project team developed software to pilot a multi-user VR experience, with functionality for users to search, discover and select e-books and other digitized content from the HathiTrust digital library.

Originality/value
Overall, the system has been developed as a prototype e-book experiment to model several VR affordances for browsing, user support and educational endeavors within libraries. Within the VR reading room pilot, users are able collaboratively explore digital collections. Aspects of reference librarian user support were modeled in the VR system including communication in real-time using chat features and text highlighting and manipulation tools that are unique to learning in VR environments.
Stochastic AHP and fuzzy VIKOR approach for warehouse location selection problem
Authors: Emeç Şeyma , Akkaya Gökay 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a stochastic multi-criteria decision-making approach to solute the warehouse location problem in the stochastic environment which contains uncertain condition.

Design/methodology/approach
In developed approach, the weight of criteria was calculated by using the stochastic analytic hierarchy process (SAHP) method. Alternative ranking was made and evaluated by fuzzy VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje).

Findings
This study dealt with warehouse location selection problem of a supermarket that has sellers in many regions in Turkey and selected proper warehouse.

Originality/value
This study combined SAHP and fuzzy VIKOR methods as a solution approach for warehouse location selection problems.
Modeling lean manufacturing success
Authors: Ghobakhloo Morteza , Fathi Masood , Fontes Dalila Benedita Machado Martins , Tan Ching Ng 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to contribute to the existing knowledge about the process of achieving Lean Manufacturing (LM) success.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses interpretive structural modeling and captures the opinions of a group of LM experts from a world-class Japanese automobile manufacturer, to map the interrelationships among potential determinants of LM success. This study further uses the data from a survey of 122 leading automobile part manufacturers by performing structural equation modeling to empirically test the research model proposed.

Findings
Management support and commitment, financial resources availability, information technology competence for LM, human resources management, production process simplicity, supportive culture and supply chain-wide integration are the key determinants that directly or indirectly determine the level of achievement of LM success.

Research limitations/implications
The determinants of LM success as experienced by Asian automobile manufacturers might be different from determinants of LM success as experienced by Western automobile manufacturers. An interesting direction for future research would be to capture the experts’ inputs from Western automobile manufacturers to complement the findings of this study.

Practical implications
The practical contribution of this study lays in the development of linkages among various LM success determinants. Utility of the proposed interpretive structural modeling and structural equation modeling methodologies imposing order, direction and significance of the relationships among elements of LM success assumes considerable value to the decision-makers and LM practitioners.

Originality/value
Building on opinions of a group of LM experts and a case study of leading auto part manufacturers, the present study strives to model the success of LM, a topic that has received little attention to date.
Effects of green supply chain management practices on sustainability performance
Authors: Yildiz Çankaya Sibel , Sezen Bulent 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of eight dimensions of green supply chain management (GSCM) on economic, environmental and social performance, which are the three dimensions of corporate sustainability. The eight dimensions covered in this study are: green purchasing, green manufacturing, green distribution, green packaging, green marketing, environmental education, internal environmental management and investment recovery.Design/methodology/approachThe relationships between dimensions of GSCM and sustainability performance are tested by using a plant-level survey. A proposed research model and hypotheses are tested by using cross-sectional face-to-face and e-mail survey data collected from manufacturing firms in Turkey. Structural equation modeling is used to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsExcept for green purchasing, all GSCM dimensions are found to be related with at least one of the performance dimensions.Practical implicationsThe results are important in highlighting the importance of GSCM in improving sustainability performance.Originality/valueThis paper enhances the understanding of the relationship between different dimensions of GSCM and the three sustainability performance factors. While there are very few studies examining the relationship between GSCM and corporate sustainability, this study is important in terms of exploring the effects of dimensions of GSCM applications on economic, environmental and social performance one by one, by examining these applications in the form of eight dimensions.
The effect of GAAP conformity on pension underfunding
Authors: Davidyan Julia Y. , Waymire Tammy R. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the association between conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) indicated by Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) 34 presentation and pension underfunding in Illinois.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a fixed effects regression and employed a sample of Illinois municipalities (n=2,565 municipal-year observations) over the period 2009–2014.FindingsThe findings show that GAAP is inversely associated with pension underfunding, but only among the subsample of municipalities that are within the healthy pension funding range, i.e., above 80 percent funded. These municipalities may be in a better position to increase pension funding in response to the disciplining effect of broad GAAP conformity.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper focuses solely on one state and one multi-employer plan. Future studies should consider assessing the applicability of the results to other states and plan settings.Social implicationsThe results inform the standard-setting process, particularly as the implementation of the new GASB standards is evaluated and as GASB 34 is reexamined.Originality/valueDespite concerns associated with state and local pension underfunding, academic studies examining its determinants are few. The sample setting is representative of municipal pension plans in the USA (with a comparable average pension funding ratio of 74.2 percent) and provides variability in GAAP conformity (the state encourages, but does not require, financial statement presentation consistent with GASB 34), as well as homogeneity in actuarial assumptions across observations (all sample municipalities participate in a large multi-employer municipal pension plan). The sample period immediately precedes the implementation of GASB Statements Nos 67 and 68, which increase the scope of pension reporting, providing the opportunity to consider the effects of broad GAAP conformity and a baseline for subsequent consideration of the effects of the new standards.
Does beauty matter?
Authors: Chang Wei-Lun 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between self-consciousness and physical attractiveness from a psychological perspective, examining the relationship of physical attractiveness with the three dimensions of self-consciousness.Design/methodology/approachThe research involved investigating the relationship between self-consciousness and physical attractiveness, focusing on how the three self-consciousness dimensions (i.e., private self-consciousness, public self-consciousness and social anxiety) affected physical attractiveness. Clustering techniques using self-organizing maps of data mining and decision trees were used in this study. The primal concept of clustering entails grouping unsorted and disorganized raw data and arranging data with similar properties into clusters. Classification primarily involves establishing classification models according to the category attributes of existing data. These models can be used to predict the classes of new data and determine interdata relationships and data characteristics.FindingsPublic self-consciousness was most strongly related to physical attractiveness, whereas the other two dimensions exhibited no obvious relationship to physical attractiveness. It may be concluded that people with higher physical attractiveness draw attention from others more easily and are more likely to be evaluated positively, and that they thus tend to be more confident in front of others and less likely to care about the opinions of others. Alternatively, perhaps people with lower public self-consciousness care less about how others view them and have the courage to express themselves, which signifies confidence and increases their physical attractiveness.Practical implicationsThis research investigated the importance of self-consciousness that may apply to recruitment in practice. People with low public self-consciousness may have high confidence and efficiency. People have low social anxiety may not be nervous or anxious in public and easy to speak to strangers. This kind of employees are appropriate for the jobs involving team work and interaction such as public relations. Hence, companies can apply our findings to search appropriate employees except the first impression of appearance.Originality/valueThe results revealed that high physical attractiveness is related to low public self-consciousness, whereas low physical attractiveness is related to high public self-consciousness. Good-looking people tend to attract attention from others. The relationship between private self-consciousness and physical attractiveness is non-significant. The relationship between social anxiety and physical attractiveness is non-significant.
What images and content do professional dietitians share via Instagram?
Authors: Inan-Eroglu Elif , Buyuktuncer Zehra 
Published: September 2018

PurposeIn the age of information, where people can have an easy access to knowledge, the ethical and content-based examination of dietitians’ sharing in the social media is an important step in determining what to share in the social media in the future. The purpose of this study was to analyse the content of Instagram shares of dietitians, a profession group that is becoming more and more widespread in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachPublicly available dietitian Instagram profiles, aiming specifically at those with =500 followers, were included in the study. The hashtag was chosen as #onlinediyet (Turkish for online diet). A total of 1,986 images were identified for analysis. When these images were identified, 883 images were excluded. Thus, overall 1,103 Instagram images were chosen to analyse during a week’s period. Each Instagram image was classified into one of seven categories by authors as food, individual, nutrition information, motivational, miscellaneous, physical activity and recipe. Food and individual groups were also coded into subgroups.FindingsA descriptive analysis of the 1,103 online-diet-related images shared by dietitians showed that 53.5 per cent of the images were in food category. There were no differences between female and male dietitians in terms of categories of shared images (p> 0.05). Dietitians also shared individual images (34.5 per cent) including weight loss follow-up (56.2 per cent), self-portrait (22.0 per cent) and conversation with clients (14.0 per cent) images on Instagram.Originality/valueThe results of this study set a baseline for future studies. Given the rapid growth of this platform in recent years, not only the field of dietetics but also other health-care fields would benefit from clear guidelines about what information can or cannot be shared on social media.
Visual literacy: academic libraries address 21st century challenges
Authors: Schwartz Judith 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to explore a study that examines the role of academic librarians who teach visual literacy within their information literacy curricula.

Design/methodology/approach
The author developed a survey that was distributed to five listservs during a three-week period, generating 118 responses from academic libraries. The author subsequently interviewed 16 participants.

Findings
The findings reveal that visual literacy is important across all disciplines. However, a majority of academic librarians who replied to the survey stated that they do not teach visual literacy. Only 37.3 per cent of the respondents indicated that they or their institutions include a visual literacy component in their sessions.

Practical implications
The paper identifies the most relevant visual literacy trends, and it includes examples of visual literacy skills and concepts being taught in academic libraries. It provides ideas to develop marketing strategies to increase student enrollment in library workshops.

Originality/value
This study has expanded librarians’ awareness of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Visual Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education. In addition, it explores the teaching of multiliteracies such as visual literacy within the information literacy framework in the academic library. The survey data demonstrate that academic librarians are slowly embracing visual literacy and including it in their information literacy instruction across all disciplines. The study recommends that librarians work on their professional development to become multiliterate to remain relevant within their academic communities.