bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of adolescents' perceived parental psychological control in the links between shyness and socio‐emotional adjustment among youth
Authors: Bullock Amanda , Liu Junsheng , Cheah Charissa S.L. , Coplan Robert J. , Chen Xinyin , Li Dan 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to explore the moderating role of perceived parental psychological control in the links between shyness and socio‐emotional adjustment in Chinese adolescents. Participants were N = 462 Grade 7 and 8 Chinese adolescents (246 boys, Mage = 13.42 years, SD = 8 months) recruited from four randomly selected public schools in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Participants completed peer assessment measures of shyness and peer victimization, sociometric nominations of peer rejection, and self‐report measures of loneliness, depression, and perceived parental psychological control. Among the results, shyness was positively associated with loneliness, depressive symptoms, and peer rejection among adolescents who perceived their parents as higher in psychological control, but no significant associations were found among adolescents who perceived lower levels of parental psychological control. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of parenting practices perpetuating adjustment problems among shy adolescents in urban China.
Enhanced disinfection leads to reduction of microbial contamination and a decrease in patient colonization and infection
Authors: Rutala William A. , Kanamori Hajime , Gergen Maria F. , Knelson Lauren P. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E. , Chen Luke F. , Anderson Deverick J. , Sexton Daniel J. , Weber David J. ,   and the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this prospective study, we monitored 4 epidemiologically important pathogens (EIPs): methicillin-resistane Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Clostridium difficile, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter to assess the effectiveness of 3 enhanced disinfection strategies for terminal room disinfection against standard practice. Our data demonstrated that a decrease in room contamination with EIPs of 94% was associated with a 35% decrease in subsequent patient colonization and/or infection.
Transforming legal education through emotions
Authors: Jones Emma 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLaw has traditionally viewed emotions as the enemies of rationality and reason, irrational and potentially dangerous forces which must be suppressed or disregarded. This separation and enmity has been mirrored within undergraduate legal education in England and Wales, with its rigid focus on seemingly impartial and objective analysis and notions such as the ubiquitous ‘thinking like a lawyer’. This paper will argue that attempts to disregard or suppress emotions within the law school are both misguided and destined to fail. It will explore the integral part emotions play within effective legal learning, the development of legal skills, and the well-being of both law students and legal academics. It will also consider how developments in legal scholarship and the evolving climate of higher education generally offer some potential, but also pitfalls, for the future acknowledgment and incorporation of emotions within undergraduate legal education in England and Wales. Bodies of literature relating to not only legal education, but also education generally, psychology and philosophy will be drawn on to demonstrate that emotions have a potentially transformative power within legal education, requiring them to be acknowledged and utilised within a more holistic, integrated form of law degree.
Methodology to estimate rice genetic coefficients for the CSM-CERES-Rice model using GENCALC and GLUE genetic coefficient estimators
Authors: Buddhaboon Chitnucha , Jintrawet Attachai , Hoogenboom Gerrit 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrior to applying the cropping system model-CERES-Rice model to deep water rice (DWR), it is important to estimate the rice genetic coefficients (GC). The goal of the current study was to compare two methods for estimating GC using a GC calculator (GENCALC) and generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) for three flooded rice (FDR) varieties. Data from a field experiment on the effect of planting date and variety on FDR production was conducted in 2009 on a DWR area in Bang Taen His Majesty's Private Development Project, Prachin Buri, Thailand. The experimental design was split-plot with four main plots (planting dates) and three sub-plots (FDR varieties) with four replications. The simulated values for anthesis date, maturity date and grain weight using GENCALC produced normalized root mean square errors (RMSEn) of 3.97, 3.69 and 3.68, while using GLUE produced RMSEn of 3.67, 2.50 and 3.68, respectively. The simulated grain number and grain yield under GENCALC GC were not significantly different from the observed values but were higher than simulated values for GLUE GC. Simulated values of above-ground biomass for both GENCALC (11 727 kg/ha) and GLUE GC (11 544 kg/ha) were overestimated compared to observed values (8512 kg/ha). In addition, good agreements of leaf N values were found with D-index values of 0.94 and 0.96 using GENACALC and GLUE GC simulations, respectively. Therefore, the GENCALC and GLUE GC estimators of DSSAT can both be used for estimating GC of FDR in the DWR area in Thailand and similar agro-ecosystems in Southeast Asia.
The origins of new quotative expressions: the case of Paris French
Authors: CHESHIRE JENNY , SECOVA MARIA 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTWe analysegenrein the speech of young people with multi-ethnic friendship groups in Paris in order to address the as yet unresolved question of whether new quotatives equivalent in meaning to English BE LIKE result from simultaneous independent parallel developments in languages other than English or from a process of calquing. We conclude that French quotativegenreresults from independent internal developments, but that it enters the French quotative system in the same way that BE LIKE entered the English system, driven by the meanings of ‘similarity’ or ‘approximation’ that are shared by the lexical itemgenrein a range of syntactic categories. We propose that in order for a new similarity quotative to emerge, a lexical item with a meaning of ‘similarity’ or ‘approximation’ must become syntactically multifunctional, and that the use of that lexical item must reach a critical frequency threshold. In the case ofgenrewe suggest that the necessary increase in frequency results from the development of the lexical item into a discourse marker. We also analyse another new French quotative, ETRE LA, a sequence that we find is used to highlight activity of many kinds (including, but not confined to, spoken behaviour). The trajectory followed by each of the new quotative expressions conforms to De Smet's proposals about how linguistic innovations spread through the grammar.
‘Il parle normal, il parle comme nous’: self-reported usage and attitudes in a banlieue
Authors: SECOVA MARIA , GARDNER-CHLOROS PENELOPE , ATANGANA FRÉDÉRIQUE 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTWe report on a survey of language attitudes carried out as part of a project comparing youth language in Paris and London.1As in similar studies carried out in London (Cheshire et al., 2008), Berlin (Wiese, 2009) and elsewhere (Boyd et al., 2015), the focus was on features considered typical of ‘contemporary urban vernaculars’ (Rampton, 2015).The respondents were pupils aged 15–18 in two secondary schools in a working-class northern suburb of Paris. The survey included (1) a written questionnaire containing examples of features potentially undergoing change in contemporary French; (2) an analysis of reactions to extracts from the project data: participants were asked to comment on the speakers and the features identified.Quantitative analysis had shown that some of these features are more widespread than others and are used by certain categories of speaker more than others (Gardner-Chloros and Secova, this volume). This study provides a qualitative dimension, showing that different features have different degrees of perceptual salience and acceptability. It demonstrates that youth varieties do not involve characteristic features being used as a ‘package’, and that such changes interact in a complex manner with attitudinal factors. The study also provides material for reflection on the role of attitude studies within sociolinguistic surveys.
The Anthropomorphic Analogy: Humanising musical machines in the early modern and contemporary eras
Authors: Cypess Rebecca , Kemper Steven 
Published: July 2018

Since the late twentieth century, the development of cybernetics, physical computing and robotics has led artists and researchers to create musical systems that explore the relationship between human bodies and mechanical systems. Anthropomorphic musical robots and bodily integrated ‘cyborg’ sensor interfaces explore complementary manifestations of what we call the ‘anthropomorphic analogy’, which probes the boundary between human artificer and artificial machine, encouraging listeners and viewers to humanise non-musical machines and understand the human body itself as a mechanical instrument.These new approaches to the anthropomorphic analogy benefit from historical contextualisation. At numerous points in the history of Western art music, philosophers, critics, composers, performers and instrument designers have considered the relationship between human musician and musical instrument, often blurring the line between the two. Consideration of historical examples enriches understandings of anthropomorphism in contemporary music technology.This article juxtaposes the anthropomorphic analogy in contemporary musical culture with manifestations of anthropomorphism in early seventeenth-century Europe. The first half of the seventeenth century witnessed a flourishing of instrumentality of all sorts. Musical instruments were linked with the telescope, the clock, the barometer, the paintbrush, and many other instruments and machines, and these came to be understood as vehicles for the creation of knowledge. This flourishing of instrumental culture created new opportunities for contemplation and aesthetic wonder, as theorists considered the line between human being and machine – between nature and artifice. Manifestations of the anthropomorphic analogy in seventeenth-century conceptions of musical instruments help to contextualise and explain similar articulations of the anthropomorphic analogy in the present day.
Unpacking the Musical and Technical Innovation of Knut Wiggen
Authors: Rudi Jøran 
Published: July 2018

Knut Wiggen (1927–2016) is not a household name in music technology, despite the fact that he developed cutting-edge technology during the 1960s and early 1970s in Stockholm, as leader of both the concert organisation Fylkingen and the Electronic Music Studio (EMS). In the international literature on computer music, this development has only been mentioned in passing, if at all. However, EMS and the general development has been discussed in Scandinavian texts,1 but the links between Knut Wiggen’s technical achievements and his far-reaching ambitions for the music of the future, and how this vision aligned with philosophy and research at the time, have not been the focus. Hartenstein (2011) provides insights into Wiggen’s personal intentions and philosophy, and does not go much into technical detail, Groth (2010) focuses principally on the politics and aesthetic differences and subsequent conflicts at EMS, and although an overview of the EMS technology is provided, it is not always made clear how innovative it was. In Broman (2007), the broader lines of electroacoustic musical development are in focus.Wiggen combined social and political concerns with technical insight, and his overarching conviction of how a new art was necessary as a counterweight to mute consumerism is unique in computer music. The aim of this article is to describe and explain the coherency of Wiggen’s achievements, his philosophy, his use of current technological advances and research and his development of a new method for composing the music of the future. In order to support this focus, mainly primary sources have been used,2 however, the literature mentioned above has been consulted due to its use of interview data and other personal communication not commonly available. A degree of duplication of information has been required for the narrative not to suffer.The article will show that Wiggen was a visionary pioneer who has a natural place among such computer music luminaries as Max Mathews, Jean-Claude Risset, John Chowning, Iannis Xenakis, Peter Zinovieff and others from the same generation.
The Tone of Prime Unity
Authors: Schrimshaw Will 
Published: July 2018

InThe Soundscape, R. Murray Schafer describes a tone of ‘prime unity’, a tonal centre conditioning an international sonic unconscious. Diverging from the bucolic image of nature readily associated with Schafer’s ethics and aesthetics, this tone is found in the ubiquitous hum of electrical infrastructure and appliances. A utopian potential is ascribed to this tone in Schafer’s writing whereby it constitutes the conditions for a unified international acoustic community of listening subjects.This article outlines Schafer’s anomalous concept of the tone of prime unity and interrogates the contradictions it introduces into Schafer’s project of utopian soundscape design. Discussion of the correspondence between Schafer and Marshall McLuhan contextualises and identifies the source of Schafer’s concept of the tone of prime unity. Of particular interest is the processes of unconscious auditory influence this concept entails and its problematic relation to the politics of sonic warfare. Through discussion of contemporary artistic practices that engage with these problems, it is argued that the tone of prime unity nonetheless presents an opportunity to shift the focus of Schafer’s project from a telos of divine harmony towards collective self-determination through participatory intervention in the world around us.
Carbon‐Based Estimate of Nitrogen Fixation‐Derived Net Community Production in N‐Depleted Ocean Gyres
Authors: Ko Young Ho , Lee Kitack , Takahashi Taro , Karl David M. , Kang Sung‐Ho , Lee Eunil 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccurate estimation of net community production (NCP) in the ocean is important for determining the future trend for carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and thus for understanding the global carbon cycle and climate change. Most methods for measuring NCP rely on analysis of dissolved fixed inorganic nitrogen species (N), which are believed to be limiting factors for NCP. However, in the vast areas of the ocean gyres only low levels of N are available for phytoplankton during much of the year. In this study the NCP was estimated by summing the seasonal reduction in the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) in the surface mixed layer, corrected for changes associated with salinity variation, net air‐sea CO2 flux, horizontal C advection, non‐Redfield diffusive C and N fluxes (deviations from the C:N ratio of 7), and anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. The mixed layer reduction in CT was calculated from an annual CT cycle, deduced from comprehensive records of surface pCO2 and total alkalinity, using an established thermodynamic model. This method yielded a value of 0.6 ± 0.2 Pg of C, which represents the NCP that occurred during the warming period (approximately 8 months) in the nitrate‐depleted (<0.2 μmol/kg) ocean. Our estimate is broadly consistent with the global N2 fixation rate estimated using the 15N‐based method and suggests that N2 fixation by microorganisms is a major driver for this NCP.
A Prospectus for Constraining Rapid Cloud Adjustments in General Circulation Models
Authors: Nam Christine , Kühne Philipp , Salzmann Marc , Quaas Johannes 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRapid cloud adjustments are an important component of the atmosphere's total response to increased CO2 concentrations. Unfortunately, scientific understanding of rapid shortwave cloud adjustments is rather poor. State‐of‐the‐art 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models showed large uncertainty in regard to rapid cloud adjustments. This study determines whether large‐eddy simulations may, in principle, be used as a reference, thanks to their ability to resolve cloud dynamics and thermodynamics, to constrain rapid shortwave cloud adjustments in general circulation models. This is an open question since large‐eddy models can only be run over limited domains, for a short period of time, and are influenced by boundary conditions. Using the Icosahedral Non‐hydrostatic global climate model—Atmospheric component (ICON‐A), we examine shortwave rapid cloud adjustments over central Europe, which is found to be representative of shortwave rapid cloud adjustments over Northern Hemispheric global continents in the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models. This work finds (i) a couple of days of simulation is sufficient to get a clear signal in the net top‐of‐atmosphere radiative balance to emerge after a 4xCO2 perturbation and (ii) use of present‐day meteorological and CO2 concentrations for boundary conditions in global simulations is not an issue for short lead times, up to ∼36 hr. We also found that atmospheric processes influencing shortwave rapid cloud adjustments over central Europe are largely thermodynamically driven changes in local cloud dynamics and are rather independent of the synoptic‐scale and circulation effects on short timescales (<2 days). These results imply that high‐resolved large‐eddy simulations over a limited area can be instructive for assessing and constraining global rapid cloud adjustments.
Real Time and Automatic Analysis Program for WASAVIES: Warning System for Aviation Exposure to Solar Energetic Particles
Authors: Sato Tatsuhiko , Kataoka Ryuho , Shiota Daikou , Kubo Yûki , Ishii Mamoru , Yasuda Hiroshi , Miyake Shoko , Park In Chun , Miyoshi Yoshizumi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA physics‐based warning system for aviation exposure to solar energetic particles, WASAVIES, is improved to be capable of real‐time and automatic analysis. In the improved system, the count rates of several neutron monitors at the ground level, as well as the proton fluxes measured by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), are continuously downloaded at intervals of 5 min and used for checking the occurrence of ground level enhancement (GLE). When a GLE event is detected, the system automatically determines the model parameters for characterizing the profiles of each GLE event and nowcasts and forecasts the radiation dose rates all over the world up to 24 hr after the flare onset. The performance of WASAVIES is examined by analyzing the four major GLE events of the 21st century. The accuracy of the nowcast data obtained by the model is well validated by the reproducibility of the current neutron monitor count rates and GOES proton fluxes as well as the flight‐dose measurements. On the other hand, the forecast data are reliable only when the evaluated parameters are stable, as expected in the model. A Web interface of WASAVIES is also developed and will be released in the near future through the public server of National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT).
Acquisition of MACPF domain-encoding genes is the main contributor to LPS glycan diversity in gut Bacteroides species
Authors: McEneany Valentina Laclare , Coyne Michael J , Chatzidaki-Livanis Maria , Comstock Laurie E 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The ability to antagonize competing strains and species is often important for bacterial fitness in microbial communities. The extent to which intra-species antagonism drives phenotypic diversity of bacterial species is rarely examined in a comprehensive manner at both the genetic and phenotypic levels. Here we show that for nine abundant human gut Bacteroides species examined, there are only a few LPS glycan genetic types. We show that for a given Bacteroides species, there is a predominant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) glycan locus present in the majority of strains. However, other strains have replacements of glycosyltransferase-encoding genes, in most cases, adjacent to a membrane attack/perforin (MACPF) domain-encoding gene not present in the predominant type. We show that the MACPF genes present in LPS glycan biosynthesis loci of four Bacteroides species encode antimicrobial proteins and in Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides dorei, we show the MACPF toxin targets the LPS of strains with the predominant LPS glycan locus. By a combination of gene deletion and replacement, we converted a MACPF toxin-producing strain into a sensitive strain. Genetic diversity of LPS glycan biosynthesis regions in Bacteroides is similar to phage serotype conversion whereby the receptor is altered to render the strain immune to infection/toxicity, and is a rare example in bacteria of toxin immunity conferred to the toxin-producing strain by replacement of genetic material to modify the receptor rather than by a cognate immunity protein.
Circulating tumor DNA analysis depicts subclonal architecture and genomic evolution of small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nong Jingying , Gong Yuhua , Guan Yanfang , Yi Xin , Yi Yuting , Chang Lianpeng , Yang Ling , Lv Jialin , Guo Zhirong , Jia Hongyan , Chu Yuxing , Liu Tao , Chen Ming , Byers Lauren , Roarty Emily , Lam Vincent K. , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki A. , Wistuba Ignacio , Heymach John V. , Glisson Bonnie , Liao Zhongxing , Lee J. Jack , Futreal P. Andrew , Zhang Shucai , Xia Xuefeng , Zhang Jianjun , Wang Jinghui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSubclonal architecture and genomic evolution of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) under treatment has not been well studied primarily due to lack of tumor specimens, particularly longitudinal samples acquired during treatment. SCLC is characterized by early hematogenous spread, which makes circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing a promising modality for genomic profiling. Here, we perform targeted deep sequencing of 430 cancer genes on pre-treatment tumor biopsies, as well as on plasma samples collected prior to and during treatment from 22 SCLC patients. Similar subclonal architecture is observed between pre-treatment ctDNA and paired tumor DNA. Mean variant allele frequency of clonal mutations from pre-treatment ctDNA is associated with progression-free survival and overall survival. Pre- and post-treatment ctDNA mutational analysis demonstrate that mutations of DNA repair and NOTCH signaling pathways are enriched in post-treatment samples. These data suggest that ctDNA sequencing is promising to delineate genomic landscape, subclonal architecture, and genomic evolution of SCLC.
Structural insights into the gating of DNA passage by the topoisomerase II DNA-gate
Authors: Chen Shin-Fu , Huang Nan-Lan , Lin Jung-Hsin , Wu Chyuan-Chuan , Wang Ying-Ren , Yu Yu-Jen , Gilson Michael K. , Chan Nei-Li 
Published: July 2018

AbstractType IIA topoisomerases (Top2s) manipulate the handedness of DNA crossovers by introducing a transient and protein-linked double-strand break in one DNA duplex, termed the DNA-gate, whose opening allows another DNA segment to be transported through to change the DNA topology. Despite the central importance of this gate-opening event to Top2 function, the DNA-gate in all reported structures of Top2-DNA complexes is in the closed state. Here we present the crystal structure of a human Top2 DNA-gate in an open conformation, which not only reveals structural characteristics of its DNA-conducting path, but also uncovers unexpected yet functionally significant conformational changes associated with gate-opening. This structure further implicates Top2’s preference for a left-handed DNA braid and allows the construction of a model representing the initial entry of another DNA duplex into the DNA-gate. Steered molecular dynamics calculations suggests the Top2-catalyzed DNA passage may be achieved by a rocker-switch-type movement of the DNA-gate.