bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward an Understanding of Incongruent Affect in People With Schizophrenia
Authors: Mote Jasmine , Kring Ann M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Previous studies have found that people with schizophrenia report more negative affect (NA) in response to positive and neutral stimuli (incongruent NA) than people without schizophrenia, perhaps related to heightened overall NA. We sought to decrease NA and increase positive affect (PA) using the Broad-Minded Affective Coping (BMAC) procedure in people with (n = 29) and without (n = 26) schizophrenia. We also investigated whether decreased NA would contribute to a decrease in incongruent NA in people with schizophrenia. The BMAC procedure increased PA but did not decrease NA in participants, nor did it influence reports of incongruent NA (in response to positive and neutral films) in people with schizophrenia. Baseline NA in people with schizophrenia was correlated with incongruent NA and symptom severity. Results indicate that people with schizophrenia report heightened NA that does not readily diminish in the face of heightened PA.
The willingness of orthopaedic trauma patients in Uganda to accept financial loans following injury
Authors: O’Hara Nathan N. , Odull Edmond , Potter Jeffrey , Kajja Isaac 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
Early access to a monetary loan may mitigate some of the socioeconomic burden associated with surgical treatment and lost wages following injury. The primary objective of this study was to determine the willingness of orthopaedic trauma patients in Uganda to accept a formal financial loan shortly after their time of injury.

Methods:
A consecutive sample of adult orthopaedic trauma patients admitted to Uganda's national referral hospital was included in the survey. The primary outcome was the self-reported willingness to accept a financial loan. Secondary outcomes included the preferred loan terms, fracture treatment costs, and the factors associated with loan willingness.

Results:
Of the 40 respondents (mean age, 40 years; 58% male), the median annual income was $582 United States dollars (USD) (range: $0–$6720). Around 50% reported a willingness to accept a loan with any terms. Patients requested loans with a median principal of $500 USD and a median interest rate of 5% with 12 months to pay back. Patients had received loans with a median principal of $142 USD, an interest rate of 10%, and payback of 6 months. These received loans covered a mean of 63% of the treatment costs. Patients with higher median incomes ($857 USD vs $342 USD) were more willing to accept a loan.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated a limited interest of orthopaedic trauma patients in Uganda to procure loans through formalized lending. This observed resistance must be overcome in future programs that rely on mechanisms such as conditional cash transfers or microfinancing to improve clinical and socioeconomic outcomes after injury.
Toward a Consensus for Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography Education in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Bockbrader Marcia A. , Thompson Ryan D. , Way David P. , Colachis Sam C. , Siddiqui Imran J. , Luz Jennifer , Borg-Stein Joanne , O'Connor Kevin , Kohler Minna J. , Bahner David P. 
Published: April 2019

Objectives
The aims of the study were to evaluate integration of musculoskeletal ultrasonography education in physical medicine and rehabilitation training programs in 2014–2015, when the American Academy of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Residency Review Committee both recognized it as a fundamental component of physiatric practice, to identify common musculoskeletal ultrasonography components of physical medicine and rehabilitation residency curricula, and to identify common barriers to integration.

Design
Survey of 78 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited physical medicine and rehabilitation residency programs was conducted.

Results
The 2015 survey response rate was more than 50%, and respondents were representative of programs across the United States. Most programs (80%) reported teaching musculoskeletal ultrasonography, whereas a minority (20%) required mastery of ultrasonography skills for graduation. Ultrasonography curricula varied, although most programs agreed that the scope of resident training in physical medicine and rehabilitation should include diagnostic and interventional musculoskeletal ultrasonography, especially for key joints (shoulder, elbow, knee, wrist, hip, and ankle) and nerves (median, ulnar, fibular, tibial, radial, and sciatic). Barriers to teaching included insufficient expertise of instructors, poor access to equipment, and lack of a structured curriculum.

Conclusions
Musculoskeletal ultrasonography has become a required component of physical medicine and rehabilitation residency training. Based on survey responses and expert recommendations, we propose a structure for musculoskeletal ultrasonography curricular standards and milestones for trainee competency.
Active metabolites of dipyrone induce a redox-dependent activation of the ion channels TRPA1 and TRPV1
Authors: Schenk Stefan Alexander , Dick Felicia , Herzog Christine , Eberhardt Mirjam Jeanette , Leffler Andreas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
The nonopioid analgesic and antipyretic dipyrone (metamizol) is frequently used worldwide. Dipyrone is a prodrug, and the metabolites 4-N-methylaminoantipyrine (MAA) and 4-aminoantipyrine (AA) seem to induce analgesia and antipyresia in part by inhibiting cyclooxygenase. In mice, however, the analgesic effect of dipyrone also seems to depend on the ion channel TRPA1. In this study, we explored the effects of dipyrone and its active metabolites on recombinant and native TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels.

Methods:
Constructs human (h) TRPA1 and TRPV1 were expressed in HEK293 cells, and dorsal root ganglion neurons were isolated from adult mice. Effects of dipyrone, MAA, and AA were explored by means of whole-cell patch clamp recordings and ratiometric calcium imaging.

Results:
Dipyrone failed to activate both hTRPA1 and hTRPV1. However, both MAA and AA evoked small outwardly rectifying membrane currents and an increase of intracellular calcium in cells expressing hTRPA1 or hTRPV1. MAA also sensitized both channels and thus potentiated inward currents induced by carvacrol (hTRPA1) and protons (hTRPV1). MAA-induced activation was inhibited by the antioxidant 10-mM glutathione included in the pipette, and the mutant constructs hTRPA1-C621/C641/C665S and hTRPV1-C158A/C391S/C767S were insensitive to both MAA and AA. Mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons exhibited a marginal calcium influx when challenged with MAA.

Conclusion:
The metabolites MAA and AA, but not dipyrone itself, activate and sensitize the nociceptive ion channels TRPA1 and TRPV1 in a redox-dependent manner. These effects may be relevant for dipyrone-induced analgesia and antipyresia.
Are painDETECT scores in musculoskeletal disorders associated with duration of daily pain and time elapsed since current pain onset?
Authors: Berthelot Jean-Marie , Biha Noura , Darrieutort-Laffite Christelle , Le Goff Benoît , Maugars Yves 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives:
We aimed to compare painDETECT scores in outpatients seen in a rheumatology department over a 1-month period and search for correlations between painDETECT scores and the estimated duration of daily pain and time elapsed since the onset of current pain.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 529 of 738 outpatients agreed to complete a set of questionnaires, including painDETECT.

Results:
The mean painDETECT score was 14.14 ± 7.59, and 31% of the patients had painDETECT scores of >18. Fibromyalgia ranked first (21.2 ± 6.0), followed by osteoarthritis of the lower limbs (17.8 ± 8.2), back pain and radiculopathies (16.1 ± 6.8), osteoarthritis of the upper limbs (15.7 ± 8.1), spondylarthrosis (15.1 ± 7.2), entrapment neuropathies (14.1 ± 2.4), rheumatoid arthritis (13.8 ± 7.1), miscellaneous conditions (13.8 ± 8.2), tendinitis (13.4 ± 7.9), connectivitis (11.5 ± 6.7), and osteoporosis (8.5 ± 6.9). The duration of daily pain was much longer in patients with painDETECT scores of >18 (12.41 ± 8.45 vs 6.53 ± 7.45 hours) (t = 0.0000), but very similar painDETECT scores were observed for patients suffering from pain for less than 1 week (13.7 ± 8.2; 38% > 18), for 1 month (14.5 ± 8.2; 25% > 18), several months (12.7 ± 7.3; 23% > 18), 1 year (13.8 ± 7.7; 29% > 18), or several years (14.7 ± 7.4; 33% > 18).

Conclusion:
PainDETECT scores differed little depending on the musculoskeletal condition, strongly correlated with the duration of daily pain, and appeared to be as high in patients with recent pain as in those suffering for years.
The Treatment Strategy of Cleidocranial Dysplasia: Combined Orthodontic and Orthognathic Treatment
Authors: Li Juan , Shen Jiawei , Xu Ji , Weng Luxi , Pan Jiale , Lin Jun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare autosomal-dominant condition that affects ossification. The main symptoms of this cleidocranial dysplasia patient include craniofacial abnormalities, hypoplasia of clavicles, narrow thorax, retarded exfoliation of deciduous teeth, retarded eruption of permanent teeth, and multiple impacted supernumerary teeth. The aim of this treatment was to correct the craniofacial abnormalities and provide an adequate functional reconstruction of the occlusion. The patient was treated with a multidisciplinary therapeutic protocol including removal of supernumerary teeth, surgical exposure of impacted teeth, orthodontic, and orthognathic surgery. After 6 years’ follow-up, the treatment objectives of acceptable occlusion, normal function, and acceptable profile were achieved.
The Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Anatomic Features of Internal Carotid Artery–Ophthalmic Artery
Authors: Xu Bingqiang , Liu Huitong 
Published: April 2019

Objective:
This research aimed at exploring the measurement of anatomic parameters of internal carotid artery–ophthalmic artery (ICA-OA) and the clinical significance with 3-dimensional (3D) separating, fusing, opacifying, false-coloring, and volume rendering (SFOF-VR) technique.

Methods:
A total of 109 patients with no significant lesions in ICA-OA were randomly selected, including 56 males and 53 females, who were divided into 3 groups: young age group (18–40 years, n = 36), middle age group (41–60 years, n = 40) and old age group (>60 years, n = 33). The 3D images were constructed by AW 4.6 workstation, and the anatomic parameters were measured. The SFOF-VR technique explicitly displayed ICA, OA, and their concomitant relationship with ophthalmic nerves (ONs) and adjacent structures. The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital and all patients have signed consent forms.

Results:
The diameters of initial segment of left and right ophthalmic ICA (ICA-C6) were 3.58 ± 0.51 mm and 3.58 ± 0.43 mm, respectively; the diameters of the left and right OA were 1.16 ± 0.16 mm and 1.15 ± 0.19 mm, respectively; the lengths of left and right ICA-C6 were 10.43 ± 2.08 mm and 10.01 ± 2.32 mm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between bilateral ICA-C6 lengths, right ICA-C6 diameter, right OA diameter, and OA-ON space between male and female.

Conclusion:
The SFOF-VR technique can distinctly present the structures of ICA-OA and adjacent tissues, providing valuable information for surgical operation. The 3D computed tomography data about ICA-OA can enrich references for basic and clinical researches.
Electromyographic Changes in the Masseter and Temporalis Muscles Before and After Orthognathic Surgery in Patients With Mandibular Prognathism
Authors: González Olivares Hilda , García Pérez Alvaro , López Saucedo Francisco , Ángeles Medina Fernando 
Published: April 2019

Objective:
Evaluate the electromyographic changes in the Masseter (MM) and Temporalis (TM) muscles during voluntary clenching of the teeth both before and after orthognathic surgery in patients aged 18 years and older and diagnosed with mandibular prognathism.

Methods:
Eleven patients with prognathism were included in the study, in all of whom the initial phase of orthodontic treatment had been completed. The orthognathic procedure to reduce prognathism comprised intraoral oblique sliding (or subsigmoid) osteotomy, after which intermaxillary fixation with ligaments in the maxilla and mandible was undertaken in all patients for 6 weeks post-surgery. Electromyographic activity was recorded during the baseline maximum voluntary contraction of the teeth, with the same measurement taken 3 and then 6 months after orthognathic surgery.

Results:
Significant differences were found in the mean amplitude (17.0 vs 14.7, P = 0.020) and peak-to-peak amplitude (left [761.6 vs 457.0, P = 0.003] and right [676.9 vs 357.4, P = 0.007]) for the MM between the baseline score and 6 months after surgery. Likewise, significant differences were found in the mean amplitude (18.2 vs 25.6, P = 0.009) and peak-to-peak amplitude (left [856.4 vs 1594.2, P = 0.004] and right [804.4 vs 1813.4, P = 0.004]) for the TM between the baseline score and that taken 6 months post-surgery. Only 18.2% (2/11) presented orthodontic appliances problem in the 3 months post-surgery.

Conclusion:
Electromyographic activity was restored 6 months after the orthognathic surgery. From a clinical perspective, the results obtained confirm that orthognathic surgery has not only an esthetic but also a functional objective in terms of achieving equilibrium and occlusal harmony.
Modification of Rhytidectomy: Stepped Lift of the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System
Authors: Zhou Jing , Qi Zuoliang , Jin Xiaolei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Rhytidectomy is a complicated surgery. Less experienced surgeons are often confronted with technical challenges. To simplify the procedure and achieve long-lasting effects, the authors propose a modified rhytidectomy method, reorder surgical sequences and suggest a stepped lift of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system.
A total of 54 patients underwent this surgical procedure. Superficial musculoaponeurotic layers of the temple, face, and neck were dissected sequentially and suspended to lift the ptosis tissue. They scored the frontalis and excised the corrugator after raising the flap in the subgaleal plane. The operation time, complication events, drainage volume, and hospital days were compared with conventional surgical technique. Patient-reported outcomes were described using a modified Face-Q questionnaire. Three laypersons evaluated pre- and postoperative pictures.
In the current technique, the average operation time was 265 minutes. The total complication rate was 7.40%; only 1 patient with hematoma needed extra treatment. Compared with previous technique, the operating time of current technique shortened, and the drainage volume decreased. Three-year follow-up showed all patients were satisfied with the surgical outcomes and thought they looked 8.3 years younger than their actual age. The areas with greatest satisfaction were midface, temple, and nasolabial folds. Significant improvements were seen comparing pre- and postoperative photos.
Follow-up indicated that modified facelift procedure and stepped superficial musculoaponeurotic layer lift technique worked well for elderly patients who have severe facial wrinkles and ptosis, and provide a long-lasting natural and youthful appearance.
Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
Comparison of the Efficacies of Dry Needling and Botox Methods in the Treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome Affecting the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Kütük Sinem Gökçe , Özkan Yasemin , Kütük Mustafa , Özdaş Talih 
Published: April 2019

Background:
To compare the efficacies of botulinum toxin-A injection and dry needling methods in the treatment of patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Methods:
In this prospective study, 40 MPS patients (29 women, 11 men) were randomly assigned to abobotulinum toxin-A injection (Group 1, n = 20) or dry needling (Group 2, n = 20) groups. Pain, crepitation, functional limitation, maximum mouth opening, jaw strength were evaluated at baseline and 6 weeks, and the results in both groups were compared.

Results:
The average age of the authors’ patients was 33.8±8.1. There was a remarkable difference between 2 groups regarding visual analog scale for TMJ pain at rest (P = 0.048). The pain at rest was relieved more effectively in Group 2 at the end of 6 weeks. Improvement in jaw protrusion angles on the right (P = 0.009) and left (P = 0.002) sides was more evident in Group 2 after 6 weeks. There were significant pain relief and functional improvement after treatment in both groups. In Group 2, recovery of the TMJ function was more obvious in 6 weeks following dry needling (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
The authors suggest that abobotulinum toxin-A injection and dry needling yield satisfactory therapeutic outcomes regarding pain relief and restoration of function in patients with MPS involving TMJ. Further multicentric, randomized, controlled trials on larger series are warranted to obtain more accurate and reliable information.
Management of the Midface in the Transgender Patient
Authors: Natghian Hamidreza , Farnebo Filip , Lundgren Kalle Conneryd 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Management of the midface has a central role to achieve harmony in the transgender patient requesting facial feminization surgery. The relative projection of separate areas of the craniofacial skeleton largely determines the appearance of the facial framework. In this article the authors describe the management of the midface; bony remodeling and soft tissue aspects, in the transgender patient.
Caterpillar Graft for Secondary Rhinoplasty
Authors: Elfeki Bassem , Park Seong Hyuk , Eun Seokchan 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Different autologous materials are recently used in the purpose of augmentation of the nasal dorsum. Despite the benefits and drawbacks, nasal reconstruction with autologous tissue remains a better method for excellent results and lower morbidity rates.

Methods:
The authors harvested conchal cartilage from the ears and use it after dicing. The superficial temporal fascia was harvested from the temporal region. Diced cartilage was wrapped with superficial temporal fascia, making a roll. After creating a cavity in the nasal dorsum, the combined roll graft was inserted over the nasal dorsum in a “caterpillar” fashion. The authors have operated on 18 patients of secondary nasal deformity cases.

Results:
The results were excellent in most of the cases. This procedure presented many advantages: optimum nasal contouring, satisfactory volume for the nasal dorsum, and with low rates of infection and exposure.

Conclusions:
Nasal deformities were reconstructed using crushed cartilage harvested from the concha and enclosed in temporal fascia. This procedure could provide more psychologic comfort and long-lasting appearance.
Surgical Outcomes of Intraconal Cavernous Venous Malformation According to Their Location in Four Right-Angled Sectors
Authors: Kim Min Ho , Kim Ji Hyun , Kim Sung Eun , Yang Suk-Woo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The present study evaluated the surgical outcomes of intraconal cavernous venous malformation according to their location in 4 right-angled sectors. Data regarding the surgical method and approach, surgical outcome, and postoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed for 18 patients with intraconal cavernous venous malformations that were surgically treated at the authors’ center between March 2006 and May 2017. The lesion location was defined using 2 perpendicular lines connecting the optic disc and the 4 surrounding rectus muscles in the coronal plane, which resulted in the formation of 4 right-angled sectors (upper-outer quadrant, upper-inner quadrant, lower-inner quadrant, and lower-outer quadrant). Accordingly, there were 3, 3, 8, and 4 lesions in the upper-outer, upper-inner, lower-outer, and lower-inner quadrants, respectively. Ten patients received anterior orbitotomy and 8 received lateral orbitotomy. There were no recurrences during the follow-up period. All patients exhibited reduced proptosis after surgery. Vision improved in 4 patients and remained unchanged in 14. Five patients experienced ocular movement limitation (1 permanent and 4 temporary), 1 developed an inferomedial blowout fracture, 2 developed a temporary sensory deficit, and 1 developed temporary ptosis. The authors’ findings suggest that intraconal cavernous venous malformations most frequently occur in the lower-outer quadrant. Although most lesions can be removed via anterior orbitotomy, large lesions located near the orbital apex or on the orbital wall require lateral orbitotomy. Ocular movement limitation is a common complication and can become permanent in rare cases, necessitating close monitoring. Lesion location and surgical approach do not seem to influence the postoperative complication rate.
Clean-Cut Smoothing of the Visible Cartilage Grafts by Sanding With a Scalpel
Authors: Çerçi Özkan Aret , Bilgili Ahmet Mert 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The visibility of cartilage grafts underneath the skin is a complication of rhinoplasty particularly in patients with thin nasal skin. Preparing the graft with optimum dimensions, symmetry, and smoothness is crucial for the fine crafting of the cartilage to prevent visibility. The camouflage of the visible cartilage graft with a crushed cartilage, a resected cephalic portion of the lower lateral cartilage, fascia, connective and/or fatty tissues is another option for hiding the visibility. The nasal tip is the most common location where the graft visibility is of concern.
The authors introduce the smoothing of the cartilage graft by sanding it with a scalpel. This technique safely provides perfection and precision of smoothing of the cartilage in very desired shape. It is possible to obtain 3D super clean-cut shining surface.
The tangential sculpting of the cartilage graft with a scalpel carries the risk of over resection. However, the sanding with a scalpel moves forward so gentle that over resection is not possible.
It is also possible to smooth non-visible structural grafts such as strut and spreader grafts to reduce surface irregularities.
Additionally, the sand-dust caused by cartilage sanding is a ‘cartilage pâté’ which can be used for camouflage of minute irregularities of the nasal dorsum.
Significant Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Cranial Remolding Orthoses in Infants With Deformational Plagiocephaly
Authors: Graham Tiffany , Gilbert Nicole , Witthoff Kirsten , Gregory Terran , Walsh Mary 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Infants with deformational plagiocephaly may be indicated for a cranial remolding orthosis (CRO) depending on the severity of deformation. Studies have found torticollis and prematurity to be risk factors for the development of deformational plagiocephaly and indicate younger infants have faster and greater correction. However, clinical decisions about which infants should be recommended for CRO treatment differ among healthcare providers and insurance coverage criteria vary. In order to provide insight into treatment recommendations, this study aims to examine the influence of 4 specific factors on CRO treatment time and the infant's resultant posttreatment head shape. Results indicate that presenting age, presenting severity, and the presence of torticollis significantly influence treatment duration. Presenting age and severity were found to significantly influence final head shape. The presence of prematurity was not found to be significant when infants were categorized by their corrected postpartum ages.