bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The last pink straw: Children's and parents' judgements about gender nonconformity
Authors: Schroeder Kingsley M. , Fulcher Megan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGender nonconforming (GNC) boys often elicit negative reactions from peers and adults. However, it is unclear which aspects of nonconformity evoke negative social consequences. Are appearance characteristics, activity interests, or traits most impactful for peers' evaluations? Sixty‐seven 6‐ to 11‐year‐old children and their parents interacted with a magnetic paper doll of a GNC boy who was displayed with feminine appearance characteristics, activity interests, and traits. Participants were allowed to physically remove feminine attributes and/or add masculine and neutral attributes to help the GNC boy make friends with boys. Participants were (1) more likely to change appearance and activities and less likely to change traits and (2) more likely to remove feminine attributes than add masculine and neutral attributes. Interactions between attribute type and gender differed across parents and children. Results suggest that interventions to reduce discrimination towards GNC boys should focus on reducing prejudice towards appearance‐ and activity‐based nonconformity.
Clinical and neurophysiological aspects of peripheral neuropathy in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Papantoniou Michail , Stergiou Ioanna , Giannouli Stavroula , Bountziouka Chrysanthi , Kokotis Panagiotis 
Published: November 2024

SummaryMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders, manifesting multiple clinical autoimmune inflammatory phenomena, including rarely peripheral neuropathy. Twenty‐four patients diagnosed with MDS and 29 healthy subjects were enrolled in this prospective study in a 5‐year period. Every subject was assessed by symptoms questionnaire and clinical neurological examination followed by nerve conduction studies, quantitative sensory testing and skin biopsy. Peripheral neuropathy was diagnosed in 12 subjects (50%). Our study indicated that peripheral neuropathy involving large and small nerve fibres, with a symmetrical length‐dependent pattern, is not uncommon between patients with MDS.
Automated face recognition assists with low‐prevalence face identity mismatches but can bias users
Authors: Mueller Melina , Hancock Peter J. B. , Cunningham Emily K. , Watt Roger J. , Carragher Daniel , Bobak Anna K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present three experiments to study the effects of giving information about the decision of an automated face recognition (AFR) system to participants attempting to decide whether two face images show the same person. We make three contributions designed to make our results applicable to real‐word use: participants are given the true response of a highly accurate AFR system; the face set reflects the mixed ethnicity of the city of London from where participants are drawn; and there are only 10% of mismatches. Participants were equally accurate when given the similarity score of the AFR system or just the binary decision but shifted their bias towards match and were over‐confident on difficult pairs when given only binary information. No participants achieved the 100% accuracy of the AFR system, and they had only weak insight about their own performance.
Adrenal Crisis and Adrenal Insufficiency Admissions in Patients 30–59 Years: Contribution of Psychosocial Factors
Authors: Rushworth R. Louise , Falhammar Henrik , Torpy David J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveAdrenal crises (AC) occur in middle aged adults with adrenal insufficiency (AI). Psychosocial difficulties may impede effective self‐management in some cases. This study aimed to investigate associations between psychosocial problems and hospital admissions for AI/AC in middle aged adults.Design and PatientsData on all hospitalisations among patients aged 30–59 years with a diagnosis of AI were extracted from a regional database for the years 2005–2020.MeasurementsTrends in hospitalisations and associations between admissions and comorbid psychosocial problems were assessed.ResultsOf the 3948 admissions for AI between 2005 and 2020, 63.4% were in women. Admissions increased by 91.4%, from 61.89 to 118.44/million (p < 0.0001), while AC admission rates increased by 176.5% (from 7.71 to 21.33/million, p=NS). Secondary AI (SAI) admissions rose by 133.0%, from 27.98/million to 65.20/million (p < 0.001). Admissions increased in women in each decade but only in males aged 50–59 years. Comorbid infection was identified in 28.1% of admissions and at least one comorbid contributory psychological problem was found in 25.6%. Males, patients with SAI and those not living in a domestic partnership had a higher combined psychosocial problem burden. Females admitted with at least one sign of an AC had significantly higher psychosocial problem scores than those with less severe presentations.ConclusionsThese results suggest that psychosocial factors may play a role in some admissions for AI/AC in adults aged between 30 and 59 years, possibly contributing to the otherwise unexplained rise in hospitalisations for AI.
THE ADVANCEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE NOW, OR THE HISTORY OF KNOWLEDGE AND THE ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM
Authors: SISKIN CLIFFORD 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWhat role should history play in the advancement of knowledge? Because it was so “hard,” so “unbelievably difficult … to get people to believe” in his Great Renewal, Francis Bacon thought a history of knowledge could provide evidence of advancement—a reason to “believe” and participate in his experiment. By indexing advancement, historians of knowledge could foster it. If Bacon were with us today, he would be happy to hear that the history of knowledge is a thriving enterprise. But upon reading our version, he would be dismayed to discover that advancement is nowhere to be found. It's the elephant in the room. That shouldn't surprise him or us—the great difficulty of The Great Renewal is that it always needs to be renewed—but this is a new kind of precarity. I call it friendly fire, because it's damage done not by those who wish to contain or undermine knowledge but by those whose purpose it is to produce and valorize it. Why, I ask in this article, is a volume that offers so much of value—Information: A Historical Companion—so unattuned to issues of advancement? Although occasioned by the current ubiquity of “information,” its focus is not on change—asking such questions as “why information?” and “why now?”—but on asserting the “belief” that “every age is an information age.” In a history built on that belief, change is relegated to subordinate clauses (“while recognizing changes over time”) and advancement isn't even on the table. I put it back on not by rejecting this companion but by providing a companion for it, one in which identifying and classifying change is the central task. I take two preparatory steps. First, I clarify how the concept of “culture” configures the agenda and the findings of Companion 1 while fencing out advancement. Second, I set the agenda for Companion 2 by specifying that the knowledge at stake in advancement is “explanatory knowledge.” I both address concerns about the notion of “progress” and provide a vocabulary for explanation highlighted by the concepts of “fit” and “reach.” Companion 2 then approaches the elephant from a number of angles, from a shift in information over four centuries from a matrix of currency to a matrix of possibility to the pacing of that change by a feature of the history of knowledge that I call the “sequence of surprise.” Since Bacon's highest hope for his history of knowledge was to make us better at advancing it, I conclude with a speculative turn to information's future, from Alan Turing's first use of the word “information” in its modern sense to a rethinking—through the history of knowledge—of the “hallucination” issue in our new forms of generative AI.
In Vitro Wear of Human Enamel Against Monolithic Zirconia After Staining, Glazing and Polishing Treatments
Authors: Fiorin Lívia , Oliveira Paulo Eduardo Barros Souza , Poole Stephanie Francoi , Faria Adriana Claudia Lapria , Ribeiro Ricardo Faria , Rodrigues Renata Cristina Silveira 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of staining, glazing, and polishing of stabilized zirconia with 5 mol% of yttrium oxide (5Y‐TZP) on the wear behavior of opposing tooth enamel.Materials and MethodsThe plane specimens of 5Y‐TZP were divided into 6 groups (n = 10), according to surface treatment: as sintered, staining, glazing, polishing, staining followed by glazing, and staining followed by polishing, and positioned against tooth enamel during the two‐body wear test (20 N, 2 Hz, until completing 300,000 cycles). The wear rates of tooth enamel were evaluated using a profile projector and a digital pachymeter as a measure of vertical height loss. The data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA and a Tukey post hoc test (α = 0.05).ResultsPolishing reduced the vertical height loss (p < 0.001) while there was no difference among other groups.ConclusionPolishing is recommended as a finishing procedure to reduce the wear rates of tooth enamel, and finishing procedures (glazing or polishing) performed after staining did not affect the vertical height loss of tooth enamel.Clinical SignificancePolishing is the recommended finishing procedure for preshaded 5Y‐TZP to reduce the wear rates of opposing tooth enamel. Staining is applied to the occlusal surface to reproduce the pigmented groove appearance, and glazing or polishing performed after staining did not affect the wear rates of opposing tooth enamel.
Institutional Trading and Managers' Complex Disclosure: Evidence From Conference Calls
Authors: (Julie) Huang Ying 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the impact of managerial linguistic disclosures on institutional trading behaviors during earnings conference calls from 2006 to 2016. Utilizing the linguistic Fog decomposition methodology on textual analysis, it analyzes how the linguistic complexity of managerial communication influences institutional ownership changes. Findings indicate that both obfuscation and informativeness of managerial discourse significantly affect institutional trading, with effects varying based on the informativeness of post‐call analyst reports. This impact is more pronounced under conditions of earnings quality uncertainty, suggesting a heightened reliance on managerial cues by institutional investors during such periods. Additionally, the study differentiates responses among investor types: transient investors are more sensitive to linguistic cues, while dedicated and quasi‐indexer investors focus on the informational content of disclosures. These insights enhance understanding of how managerial communication and analyst report informativeness shape institutional trading behaviors through linguistic complexity's influence on institutional ownership.
Optimal Notional Defined Contributions
Authors: COSTA CARLOS E. DA , SANTOS MARCELO R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNotional Defined Contributions (NDC) systems mimic the incentive structure of fully funded social security while preserving the pay‐as‐you‐go nature of most current systems. We study size‐preserving social reforms that replace the current U.S. system with NDCs characterized by alternative contribution rules and deficit/GDP ratios. If one retains the current mandatory age‐independent contribution rules, we find a change to an NDC to reduce welfare: the sacrifices in distributive and insurance properties are not compensated by the efficiency gains. NDCs are, however, flexible enough to allow for alternative contribution rules that increase welfare while preserving actuarial fairness. Contributions ought to be age‐dependent and concentrated later in a worker's career. The incentive structure induces an increase in capital accumulation that results, through general equilibrium effects, in welfare gains larger for low‐productivity workers, despite the increase in income inequality as captured by the Gini coefficient.
Stress Tests, Information Disclosure, and Credit Line Runs
Authors: GUTIERREZ JOSE E. , LAFUERZA LUIS FERNÁNDEZ 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe public disclosure of bank‐level stress test results, while informative for market participants, can adversely affect underperforming entities. We uncover a novel cost of disclosing unfavorable stress test results: credit line runs. Using Spanish Credit Register data and the 2011 European Banking Authority stress test, we find that, after results were released, firms drew down about 10 percentage points more available funds from credit lines granted by banks with poor stress test performance. In addition, these banks reduced credit line sizes more before the release and were more likely to cut term lending to firms without credit lines afterward.
Bank Opacity and Safe Asset Moneyness
Authors: KIM SANG RAE 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA bank is more effective as a supplier of money‐like safe assets when (i) its return on equity (ROE) is relatively lower and (ii) it is relatively more opaque about its balance sheet. A model is presented to support this, emphasizing that safe asset investors focus on the left tail of the collateral value distribution. Empirical tests on dealer banks and money market mutual funds' (MMFs') funding relationships confirm that higher ROE leads to MMF withdrawal due to lower moneyness of safe assets. Bank opacity mitigates the strength of this relationship, making it optimal for the banking system to maintain a certain level of opacity.
Can Transcriptomics Elucidate the Role of Regulation in Invasion Success?
Authors: Vaughan Amy L. , Dhami Manpreet K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWhen a species invades a novel environment, it must bridge the environment–phenotype mismatch in its new range to persist. Contemporary invasion biology research has focused on the role that trait variation and adaptation, and their underlying genomic factors, play in a species' adaptive potential, and thus facilitating invasion. Empirical studies have provided valuable insights into phenotypes that persist and arise in novel environments, coupled with ‘omics tools that further the understanding of the contributions of genomic architecture in species establishment. Particularly, the use of transcriptomics to explore the role of plasticity in the initial stages of an invasion is growing. Here, we assess the role of various mechanisms relating to regulation and functional adaptation (often measured via the transcriptome) that support trait‐specific plasticity in invasive species, allowing phenotypic variability without directly altering genomic diversity. First, we present a comprehensive review of the studies utilising transcriptomics in invasion biology. Second, we collate the evidence for and against the role of a range of regulatory processes in contributing to invasive species plasticity. Finally, we pose open questions in invasion biology where the use of transcriptome data may be valuable, as well as discuss the methodological limitations.
On the Notion of ‘Factor of Production’ in Economic Theory
Authors: Fratini Saverio M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the marginalist view, production results from the services of the factors, with wages, rent and interest understood as rewards for their contributions. The principle of marginal productivity provided a logical foundation for this idea; but this mechanism requires factors measured in ‘technical units’, so it cannot be used when capital is understood in value terms. The theory then shifted towards a Walrasian conception with heterogenous capital goods and fixed‐coefficient methods. Initially, some scholars believed this approach could be consistent with viewing distribution variables as rewards for factor contributions. The capital theory controversy revealed that this is not the case.
Aedes aegypti control in breeding sites through an insecticidal coating with dual effect: Laboratory trials and safety assessment
Authors: Cárdenas Rocio , Cabrera Olga L. , Carrillo Maria A. , Pineda Alejandra , Ahumada Martha L. , Yañez Yohana , Ismail Hanafy , Paine Mark , Rivera Tatiana , Kroeger Axel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGround water tanks are known to be preferred Aedes aegypti oviposition places providing opportunities for adult and larvae control. Therefore, a dual‐effect insecticidal coating (IC) (alphacypermethrin/ pyriproxyfen) with a slow‐release mechanism and safe for users could be applied within Aedes spp. breeding sites, representing a promising option. Bioassays were designed to determine the mortality and sterilizing effects on gravid mosquitoes exposed to IC. The effect of inhibition of emergence was evaluated in eggs, larvae and pupae exposed in different containers. For the water safety assessment concentrations of active ingredients were determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and the health risk was calculated. The IC applied to the interior walls of water‐holding containers showed efficacy against Ae. aegypti in terms of high gravid‐female mortality (81% at 24 h, p < 0.01), sterilizing effect (inhibition of oviposition by 63%, p < 0.01) and emergence inhibition (100% in eggs, L3 and L4; 97% in pupae). The offspring rate was reduced [only 0.15 (38/250) new adults emerged per exposed gravid females as against 11.90 per unexposed female (2976/250) at baseline]. Emergence inhibition was recorded up to 12 months and adult mortality >80% up to 6 months. The use of water stored in treated containers, either for washing or drinking, is not expected to pose a health risk to users. IC applied to domestic water containers has dual and complementary action that reduces Ae. aegypti densities (immature and adult stages). This represents baseline information for a cluster randomized efficacy trial in Colombia.
How scholars can support government analytics: Combining employee surveys with more administrative data sources towards a better understanding of how government functions
Authors: Rogger Daniel , Schuster Christian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the digitization of administrative systems, governments have gained access to rich data about their administrative operations. How governments leverage such data to improve their administration—what we call government analytics—will shape government effectiveness. This article summarizes a conceptual framework which showcases that data can help diagnose and improve all components of a public administration production function—from inputs such as personnel and goods, to processes and management practices, to outputs and outcomes. We then assess to what extent public administration scholarship analyses these data sources and can thus inform government analytics. A review of 689 quantitative articles in two public administration journals in 2013–2023 finds that 50% draw on surveys of public employees and 25% on surveys of citizens or firms. By contrast, administrative micro data (14% of articles) are underexploited. Practitioners and scholars would thus do well to expand the data sources used to inform better government.
Quality competition between traditional and online sellers
Authors: Choi Yoonho , Choi E. Kwan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs consumers respond to technological changes, the market share of online sales has seen a significant increase, imposing continuous challenges on traditional sellers. This paper investigates how online sellers affect the quality of traded products in developed countries. Traditional sellers' products imported from developing countries are subject to tariffs, but online sellers bypass them due to de minimis rule. Entry of online sellers may force the traditional sellers to lower their product quality. Under certain conditions, the quality of the online sellers' products might be higher than that of the traditional seller. A rise in the import tariff may force the traditional seller to exit the market. However, if de minimis rule is abolished, the product quality of the traditional seller rises, but that of the online sellers falls.
An Investigation of Dynamic Behavior of Electric Vehicle Gear Trains
Authors: Donmez Ata , Kahraman Ahmet 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The automotive industry has been experiencing a significant transition toward electrified powertrains in recent years. A torsional model of a common type of electric vehicle (EV) drivetrains is proposed to demonstrate certain dynamic behaviors that are unique to such high-speed applications. This two-stage helical gear drive train is supported by three shafts and connects the electric motor to the vehicle axle. The gear mesh interfaces are modeled by periodically time-varying stiffnesses subjected to backlash and displacement excitations to represent gear tooth errors and modifications. In addition to these internal excitations, torque fluctuations caused by electric motor are included as the external excitations. Two different operating conditions are studied here: (i) steady-state response as the vehicle is operated under steady torque conditions and (ii) transient response during EV system transitions between the drive and regenerative (regen) braking modes of operation. The torsional model predictions are verified through comparisons to simulations from a deformable-body contact model. Parameter sensitivity studies are performed to demonstrate nonlinear behavior of a helical gear train caused by external torque fluctuations as well as the interactions between external and internal excitations. Finally, drivetrain structural modes are shown to respond to drive-regen transitions resulting in certain transient (vibro-impact) behavior with elevated dynamic mesh forces.
Study on Vertical Sloshing Load Acting on Roof of Cylindrical Tanks Under Seismic Wave Excitation
Authors: Ikesue Shunichi , Iwasaki Akihisa , Sago Hiromi , Yokoi Shinobu , Yamamoto Tomohiko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
During an earthquake, sloshing occurs in a cylindrical tank when a frequency component close to the natural frequency of sloshing is included in the seismic wave. When high amplitude sloshing occurs, the free liquid surface collides with the roof of the tank. Therefore, in tank design, it is important to evaluate the sloshing load acting on the roof.
In a previous study, we proposed a predictive evaluation method of the vertical load acting on the roof of cylindrical tank. The method consists of a nonlinear sloshing model and an impact pressure model, assuming sinusoidal excitation by sloshing natural frequency. Except for some special cases, this method almost agreed with test results and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis, in sinusoidal excitation.
In this study, we extended this method to deal with seismic wave excitation. In seismic wave excitation, the tank is excited by irregular wave, and the phenomenon of sloshing becomes more complicated than sinusoidal excitation. To simplify this complicated phenomenon, we proposed a new concept of equivalent growth wavenumber. This number represents the magnitude of the increase in the peak of liquid surface level during seismic wave excitation. We proposed a method to quantitatively evaluate this number from seismic response analysis. In addition, we proposed a method to evaluate the vertical load on the roof during seismic wave excitation, by introducing this number into the predictive evaluation method.