bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging metabotropic glutamate receptor system: Application of positron emission tomography technology in drug development
Authors: Xu Youwen , Li Zizhong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe diversity seen in the mode of pharmacology and the numerous glutamate receptor subtypes have previously complicated drug development efforts. Nonetheless, recent clinical trials of drug candidates that accommodate the glutamatergic intricate pharmacology have yielded encouraging results. Target engagement is an important requirement for the advancement of central nervous system drug candidates into clinical trial. Positron emission tomography (PET) tracer technology has the unique ability to give the direct insight into the relationship between the level of receptor occupancy and the administered dose, thus establishing a direct link between the level of target exposure and the drug efficacy in human. This review is focused on the advancement of mGlu5, mGlu
1, and mGlu
2 receptor‐related PET tracer technology: PET tracer development strategies, PET tracer selection in receptor occupancy studies, the scopes and limitations to use PET to measure receptor occupancy for the drug candidates with different pharmacology, and how to use the measurements of receptor occupancy as a translational biomarker for decision‐making in an innovative drug development program.
Development of a simple numerical model for trabecular bone structures
Authors: Peña‐Solórzano Carlos A. , Albrecht David W. , Paganin David M. , Harris Peter C. , Hall Chris J. , Bassed Richard B. , Dimmock Matthew R. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeAdvances in additive manufacturing processes are enabling the fabrication of surrogate bone structures for applications including use in high‐resolution anthropomorphic phantoms. In this research, a simple numerical model is proposed that enables the generation of microarchitecture with similar statistical distribution to trabecular bone.MethodsA human humerus, radius, ulna, and several vertebrae were scanned on the Imaging and Medical beamline at the Australian Synchrotron and the proposed numerical model was developed through the definition of two complex functions that encode the trabecular thickness and position‐dependant spacing to generate volumetric surrogate trabecular structures. The structures reproduced those observed at 19 separate axial locations through the experimental bone volumes. The applicability of the model when incorporating a two‐material approximation to absorption‐ and phase‐contrast CT was also investigated through simulation.ResultsThe synthetic structures, when compared with the real trabecular microarchitecture, yielded an average mean thickness error of 2 μm, and a mean difference in standard deviation of 33 μm for the humerus, 24 μm for the ulna and radius, and 15 μm for the vertebrae. Simulated absorption‐ and propagation‐based phase contrast CT projection data were generated and reconstructed using the derived mathematical simplifications from the two‐material approximation, and the phase‐contrast effects were successfully demonstrated.ConclusionsThe presented model reproduced trabecular distributions that could be used to generate phantoms for quality assurance and validation processes. The implication of utilizing a two‐material approximation results in simplification of the additive manufacturing process and the generation of synthetic data that could be used for training of machine learning applications.
Validation of post‐treatment PET‐based dosimetry software for hepatic radioembolization of Yttrium‐90 microspheres
Authors: Maughan Nichole M. , Garcia‐Ramirez Jose , Arpidone Matt , Swallen Amy , Laforest Richard , Goddu S. Murty , Parikh Parag J. , Zoberi Jacqueline E. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeYttrium‐90 (90Y) microsphere radioembolization enables selective internal radiotherapy for hepatic malignancies. Currently, there is no standard postdelivery imaging and dosimetry of the microsphere distribution to verify treatment. Recent studies have reported utilizing the small positron yield of 90Y (32 ppm) with positron emission tomography (PET) to perform treatment verification and dosimetry analysis. In this study, we validated a commercial dosimetry software, MIM SurePlan™ LiverY90 (MIM Software Inc., Cleveland, OH), for clinical use.MethodsA MATLAB‐based algorithm for 90Y PET‐based dosimetry was developed in‐house and validated for the purpose of commissioning the commercial software. The algorithm is based on voxel S values and dosimetry formalism reported in MIRD Pamphlet 17. We validated the in‐house algorithm to establish it as the ground truth by comparing results from a digital point phantom and a digital uniform cylinder to manual calculations. Once we validated our in‐house MATLAB‐based algorithm, we used it to perform acceptance testing and commissioning of the commercial dosimetry software, MIM SurePlan, which uses the same dosimetry formalism. A 0.4 cm/5% gamma test was performed on PET‐derived dose maps from each algorithm of uniform digital and nonuniform physical phantoms filled with 90Y chloride solution. Average dose (Davg) and minimum dose to 70% (D70) of a given volume of interest (VOI) were compared for the digital phantom, the physical phantom, and five patient cases (27 tumor VOIs), representing different clinical scenarios.ResultsThe gamma‐pass rates were 97.26% and 97.66% for the digital and physical phantoms, respectively. The differences between Davg and D70 were 0.076% and 0.10% for the digital phantom, respectively, and <5.2% for various VOIs in the physical phantom. In the clinical cases, 96.3% of the VOIs had a difference <5% for Davg, and 88.9% of the VOIs had a difference <5% for D70.ConclusionsDose calculation results from MIM SurePlan were found to be in good agreement with our in‐house algorithm. This indicates that MIM SurePlan performs as it should and, hence, can be deemed accepted and commissioned for clinical use for post‐implant PET‐based dosimetry of 90Y radioembolization.
The clinical role of LASER for vulvar and vaginal treatments in gynecology and female urology: An ICS/ISSVD best practice consensus document
Authors: Preti Mario , Vieira‐Baptista Pedro , Digesu Giuseppe Alessandro , Bretschneider Carol Emi , Damaser Margot , Demirkesen Oktay , Heller Debra S. , Mangir Naside , Marchitelli Claudia , Mourad Sherif , Moyal‐Barracco Micheline , Peremateu Sol , Tailor Visha , Tarcan Tufan , De Elise J.B. , Stockdale Colleen K. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUNDThe clinical role of LASER for vulvar and vaginal treatments in gynecology and female urology is controversial.AIMSIn this best practice document, we propose recommendations for the use of LASER for gynecologic and urologic conditions such as vulvovaginal atrophy, urinary incontinence, vulvodynia, and lichen sclerosus based on a thorough literature review.MATERIALS & METHODSThis project was developed between January and September 2018. The development of this document followed the ICS White Paper Standard Operating Procedures.RESULTSMost of the available studies are limited by their design; for example they lack a control group, patients are not randomized, follow up is short term, series are small, LASER is not compared with standard treatments, and studies are industry sponsored. Due to these limitations, the level of evidence for the use of LASER in the treatment of these conditions remains low and does not allow for definitive recommendations for its use in routine clinical practice. Histological evidence is commonly reported as proof of tissue regeneration following LASER treatment. However, the histological changes noted can also be consistent with reparative changes after a thermal injury rather than necessarily representing regeneration or restoration of function. The use of LASER in women with vulvodynia or lichen sclerosus should not be recommended in routine clinical practice. There is no biological plausibility or safety data on its use on this population of women.DISCUSSIONThe available clinical studies do not present convincing data regarding the efficacy of LASER for the treatment of vaginal atrophy or urinary incontinence. Also, while short‐term complications seem to be uncommon, data concerning long‐term outcomes are lacking.CONCLUSIONAt this point, LASER is not recommended for routine treatment of the aforementioned conditions unless part of well‐designed clinical trials or with special arrangements for clinical governance, consent, and audit.
Addressing Frequent Issues of Home Enteral Nutrition Patients
Authors: Johnson Teresa W. , RN Sara Seegmiller , Epp Lisa , Mundi Manpreet S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe home enteral nutrition (HEN) population is a medically diverse group whose number has increased substantially in recent decades. Although medically stable compared with acute care patients requiring nutrition support, HEN population needs are unique and require a team approach to manage nutrition. Frequently encountered issues by the HEN team include mechanical issues of the tube site, gastrointestinal and metabolic problems, and patient preferences regarding tube weaning, formula selection, and compliance. A thorough search of the published literature on how to manage these issues was conducted using scientific healthcare databases with the following inclusion criteria: English only, last 10 years, and reviews and clinical trials. Where appropriate, references from the retrieved articles were hand‐searched for relevant articles older than 10 years and cited in this review. The purpose of this review is to provide the HEN team with strategies to address the top issues of home enteral feeding.
Effect of Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Order‐Writing Privileges on Enteral Nutrition Administration in Selected Intensive Care Units
Authors: Arney Bianca D. , Senter Stacey A. , Schwartz Avital C. , Meily Taylor , Pelekhaty Stacy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdequate nutrition is linked to improved patient outcomes during critical illness. Nutrition care is further enhanced by registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) order‐writing privileges, which improve the implementation of nutrition interventions. The purpose of this performance improvement project was to evaluate the effect of RDN order‐writing privileges on enteral nutrition (EN) order compliance and nutrition delivery in selected intensive care units (ICUs) at a university‐affiliated teaching hospital.MethodsPatients admitted to selected ICUs from January 23, 2018, to January 25, 2018, were screened for eligibility. Demographic and nutrition data were collected retrospectively from the electronic health record. Percent of energy and protein needs met were calculated. Data were compared with historical internal controls identified prior to RDN order‐writing privileges.ResultsFifty adult patients (150 EN days) were included in data analysis, with 93 patients (279 EN days) included in historical data. Compared with historical data, cumulative EN order compliance increased by 17% and tube feed infusion rate compliance by 15% post‐RDN order‐writing privileges. Mean (± SD) protein needs delivered significantly increased from 72.1 ± 28.6% to 89.1 ± 24.8% after RDN order‐writing implementation (P < 0.001).ConclusionsRDN order‐writing privileges improved EN order compliance and significantly improved protein delivery in selected ICUs. Future studies are recommended to confirm these results and determine if other variables besides protein delivery are statistically significant with a larger sample size.
SoftFEM: The Soft Finite Element Method
Authors: Peña Jose M. , LaTorre Antonio , Jérusalem Antoine 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWhile the finite element method (FEM) has now reached full maturity both in academy and industry, its use in optimization pipelines remains either computationally intensive or cumbersome. In particular, currently used optimization schemes leveraging FEM still require the choice of dedicated optimization algorithms for a specific design problem, and a “black box” approach to FEM‐based optimization remains elusive. To this end, we propose here an integrated finite element‐soft computing method, ie, the soft FEM (SoftFEM), which integrates a finite element solver within a metaheuristic search wrapper. To illustrate this general method, we focus here on solid mechanics problems. For these problems, SoftFEM is able to optimize geometry changes and mechanistic measures based on geometry constraints and material properties inputs. From the optimization perspective, the use of a fitness function based on finite element calculation imposes a series of challenges. To bypass the limitations in search capabilities of the usual optimization techniques (local search and gradient‐based methods), we propose, instead a hybrid self adaptive search technique, the multiple offspring sampling (MOS), combining two metaheuristics methods: one population‐based differential evolution method and a local search optimizer. The formulation coupling FEM to the optimization wrapper is presented in detail and its flexibility is illustrated with three representative solid mechanics problems. More particularly, we propose here the MOS as the most versatile search algorithm for SoftFEM. A new method for the identification of nonfully determined parameters is also proposed.
Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Attenuates Hedonic Feeding Without Impacting Alcohol Drinking in Rats
Authors: Sirohi Sunil , Skripnikova Elena , Davis Jon F. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveRoux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) are the most commonly performed bariatric procedures. Whereas studies report new‐onset alcohol misuse following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, the impact of VSG on alcohol intake is less clear. Hedonic feeding, alcohol drinking, and hypothalamic obesity‐related gene expression following VSG were evaluated.MethodsMale Long‐Evans rats underwent VSG or sham surgery. To evaluate hedonic feeding, rats received a high‐fat diet following behavioral satiation on chow. Alcohol (5%‐10% v/v) drinking was assessed in a two‐bottle choice paradigm. Finally, polymerase chain reaction array evaluated gene expression.ResultsVSG induced moderate but significant weight loss. Sham rats significantly escalated high‐fat diet intake following behavioral satiation, an effect significantly reduced in VSG rats. A moderate decrease in alcohol intake was observed in VSG rats at low (5%) alcohol concentration. However, overall, no significant between‐group differences were evident. Key hypothalamic orexigenic transcripts linked to stimulation of food and alcohol intake were significantly decreased in VSG rats.ConclusionsVSG attenuated hedonic feeding without impacting alcohol drinking, an effect potentially mediated by alterations in genetic information flow within the hypothalamus. Importantly, these data highlight VSG as an effective bariatric procedure with a potentially reduced risk of developing alcohol use disorder.
The Detonation Properties Research on TKX‐50 in High Explosives
Authors: Xing Xiaoling , Zhao Shengxiang , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Weipeng , Diao Xiaoqiang , Fang Wei , Li W. X. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe mechanical sensitivity of TKX‐50 under different preparation conditions and its preparation process to explosive samples were examined. The detonation properties of TKX‐50 based samples were determined. The results show that the column density can reach 1.80‐1.81 g cm−3 under the specific pressure of 3000. Different column diameters with different detonation velocities show the obvious scale effect of TKX‐50 based explosives. The critical initiation pressure of TKX‐50 based explosives is much higher than HMX and CL‐20 based explosives, which means a much lower shock sensitivity. The determined explosion heat value of TKX‐50 based explosiveis 4650 J g−1, which is also much lower than HMX and CL‐20 based explosives.
Genome‐wide gene expression profiling reveals that cuticle alterations and P450 detoxification are associated with deltamethrin and DDT resistance in Anopheles arabiensis populations from Ethiopia
Authors: Simma Eba A , Dermauw Wannes , Balabanidou Vasileia , Snoeck Simon , Bryon Astrid , Clark Richard M , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Vontas John , Duchateau Luc , Van Leeuwen Thomas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDVector control is the main intervention in malaria control and elimination strategies. However, the development of insecticide resistance is one of the major challenges for controlling malaria vectors. Anopheles arabiensis populations in Ethiopia showed resistance against both DDT and the pyrethroid deltamethrin. Although an L1014F target‐site resistance mutation was present in the voltage gated sodium channel of investigated populations, the levels of resistance indicated the presence of additional resistance mechanisms. In this study, we used genome‐wide transcriptome profiling by RNAseq to assess differentially expressed genes between three deltamethrin and DDT resistant An. arabiensis field populations – Asendabo, Chewaka and Tolay – and two susceptible strains – Sekoru and Mozambique.RESULTSBoth RNAseq analysis and RT‐qPCR showed that a glutathione‐S‐transferase, gstd3, and a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, cyp6p4, were significantly overexpressed in the group of resistant populations compared to the susceptible strains, suggesting that the enzymes they encode play a key role in metabolic resistance against deltamethrin or DDT. Furthermore, a gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that expression changes of cuticle related genes were strongly associated with insecticide resistance. Although this did not translate in increased thickness of the procuticle, a higher cuticular hydrocarbon content was observed in a resistant population.CONCLUSIONOur transcriptome sequencing of deltamethrin and DDT resistant An. arabiensis populations from Ethiopia suggests non‐target site resistance mechanisms and paves the way for further investigation of the role of cuticle composition in insecticide resistance of malaria vectors. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of σ‐hole and π‐hole tetrel bonds in complexes of borazine with TH3F and F2TO/H2TO (T = C, Si, Ge)
Authors: Zhang Jingru , Hu Qingze , Li Qingzhong , Scheiner Steve , Liu Shufeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe complexes between borazine and TH3F/F2TO/H2TO (T = C, Si, Ge) are investigated with high‐level quantum chemical calculations. Borazine has three sites of negative electrostatic potential: the N atom, the ring center, and the H atom of the BH bond, whereas TH3F and F2TO/H2TO provide the σ‐hole and π‐hole, respectively, for the tetrel bond. The N atom of borazine is the favored site for both the σ and π‐hole tetrel bonds. Less‐stable dimers include a σ‐tetrel bond to the borazine ring center and to the BH proton. The π‐hole tetrel‐bonded complexes are more strongly bound than are their σ‐hole counterparts. Due to the coexistence of both T···N tetrel and B···O triel bonding, the complexes of borazine with F2TO/H2TO (T = Si and Ge) are very stable, with interaction energies up to −108 kcal/mol. The strongly bonded complexes are accompanied by substantial net charge transfer from F2TO/H2TO to borazine.
Electrochemical Synthesis of TiO2 under Pulse Alternating Current: Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Ulyankina Anna , Avramenko Marina , Kusnetsov Denis , Firestein Konstantin , Zhigunov Denis , Smirnova Nina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe current work aimed to study the effect of thermal treatment on the structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by a novel large‐scale electrochemical method using pulse alternating current (PAC). The obtained titania was characterized via XRD, TEM, XPS, UV‐Vis DRS, PL, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The as‐prepared TiO2 was found to be poorly crystallized and partly amorphous. Following thermal annealing, the anatase structure is developed at temperatures of 400–600 °C. The photoreactivity of the TiO2 nanoparticles was evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamin B (RhB) dyes under UVA irradiation. As shown, the adsorption properties and photocatalytic activity of the as‐prepared TiO2 strongly depend on the chemical nature of the dye. The enhanced photocatalytic performance for the MB and RhB degradation was observed for the sample annealed at 400 °C, which coincides with a balance between the degree of crystallinity, specific surface area, optical properties and efficiency of electron‐hole pair separation.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Polyvinylbutyral‐silica Composites for Mercury Removal Application
Authors: Khan Nida , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Pramendra 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNovel polyvinylbutyral‐silica composite was synthesized via sol‐gel route under microwave conditions for removal of mercury metal from its synthetic aqueous solution. Tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) was used as silica precursor for in situ synthesis of silica onto polyvinylbutyral (PVB) which acted as template as well as capping agent. The synthesized composites were further treated thermally at various stages of elevated temperature in presence of air in a muffle furnace. The synthetic parameters optimized for better mercury removal ability and further characterized using X‐rays diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and thermal analytical methods. The mercury adsorption was studied at various adsorption parameters such as pH, dose, contact time, temperature, mercury concentration etc., to achieve the maximum mercury adsorption. The equilibrium was achieved at 24 h with approximately 95% mercury removal at pH value 8 and 40 °C temperature. The adsorption isotherm as well as adsorption kinetic studies also performed to understand the pattern of adsorption.
Facile and Room Temperature Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/C Core/Shell Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Pb(II) From Aqueous Solution
Authors: Sayed M. , Abbas Mohamed , Abdel Moniem Shimaa M. , Ali M. E. M. , Naga S. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this work, superparamagnetic Fe3O4/C core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a room‐temperature and green route combining co‐precipitation method, followed by hydrothermal process. The prepared nanoparticle was utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb+2 ions from a wastewater. The effect of various parameters; such as pH, dose of adsorbent, contact time and concentration of lead ions on the adsorption capacity were examined in details. The adsorption capacity (qm) of Fe3O4/C NPs was estimated from the Langmuir isotherm curve and was found to be 244 mgg−1. Interestingly, the produced Fe3O4/C NPs exhibited a rapid removal of toxic lead metal ions from wastewater effluents and the adsorption kinetics is well described by pseudo‐second‐order model. Furthermore, the data of Pb2+ adsorption is best fit for the Langmuir model. Moreover, the Fe3O4/C core/shell NPs were recycled and reused for at least five times without a significant loss of adsorption efficiency.
Tin(II) triflate Catalysed Synthesis of 3‐Methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones
Authors: Sharma Simmi , Nayal Onkar S. , Sharma Arti , Rana Rohit , Maurya Sushil K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe delineate a simple and straightforward tin(II) triflate catalyzed facile protocol for the synthesis of 3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones that applied to broad range of substrates, which simultaneously offers the functional group tolerance of the reaction and the stability of these scaffolds to the reaction conditions. In addition, in situ reduction of the exocyclic double bond in 3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones using PMHS is also reported.