bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DMD mutation and LTBP4 haplotype do not predict onset of left ventricular dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Van Dorn Charlotte S. , Puchalski Michael D. , Weng Hsin-Yi , Bleyl Steven B. , Butterfield Russell J. , Williams Richard V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCardiomyopathy develops in >90% of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients by the second decade of life. We assessed the associations between DMD gene mutations, as well as Latent transforming growth factor-beta-binding protein 4 (LTBP4) haplotypes, and age at onset of myocardial dysfunction in DMD. DMD patients with baseline normal left ventricular systolic function and genotyping between 2004 and 2013 were included. Patients were grouped in multiple ways: specific DMD mutation domains, true loss-of-function mutations (group A) versus possible residual gene expression (group B), and LTBP4 haplotype. Age at onset of myocardial dysfunction was the first echocardiogram with an ejection fraction <55% and/or shortening fraction <28%. Of 101 DMD patients, 40 developed cardiomyopathy. There was no difference in age at onset of myocardial dysfunction among DMD genotype mutation domains (13.7±4.8 versus 14.3±1.0 versus 14.3±2.9 versus 13.8±2.5, p=0.97), groups A and B (14.4±2.8 versus 12.1±4.4, p=0.09), or LTBP4 haplotypes (14.5±3.2 versus 13.1±3.2 versus 11.0±2.8, p=0.18). DMD gene mutations involving the hinge 3 region, actin-binding domain, and exons 45–49, as well as the LTBP4 IAAM haplotype, were not associated with age of left ventricular dysfunction onset in DMD.
Dionisio Capulong and the elite in early Spanish Manila (c. 1570–1620)
Authors: CROSSLEY JOHN N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhen the Spaniards came to settle Manila in 1571 Dionisio Capulong was a young boy. His father was one of the rulers in the region and all were scions of the Muslim royal family of Brunei. The father astutely complied—to a certain extent—with the colonising Spaniards. His son subsequently pursued an ambivalent career alternately working for and rebelling against the Spanish colonisers. Ultimately he became a landowner in the Spanish mode. This is his story. Even from only Spanish reports one can discern great astuteness and opportunism, which enabled the elite to keep local supremacy. Tracing the career of Dionisio Capulong sheds light on the elite in pre-Spanish Manila and environs as well as on Manila's earliest Spanish years.
Kantian Agents and their Significant Others
Authors: Palatnik Nataliya 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCritics of Kant’s moral philosophy often object that his emphasis on individual autonomy makes him unable to account for our ‘second-personal’ or ‘bipolar’ duties. These are duties we owetoother people rather than duties we havewith respect tothem – as we might have dutieswith respect tothe environment or works of art. With a recent and novel formulation of this objection as my foil, I argue that the apparent force of the ‘bipolarity’ objections rests on a failure to appreciate Kant’s inherently practical approach to ethics. On the positive side, reflection on criticisms of Kant’s treatment of ‘bipolar’ normativity helps to shed new light on his conception of practical agency and its place in his system of morals.
Diapause regulation in Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biocontrol agent of Parthenium hysterophorus
Authors: Hasan Fazil , Ansari M. Shafiq , Dhillon Mukesh K. , Muslim Mohammad , Bhadauriya Amarpal Singh , Tanwar Aditya Kumar , Ahmad Salman 
Published: May 2018

AbstractZygogramma bicolorata Pallister is a potential biocontrol agent of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae). This study was carried out to understand the effect of abiotic (temperature and moisture) and biotic factors (age and reproductive status) on the induction and termination of diapause in Z. bicolorata. We also evaluated the effect of diapause on longevity and fecundity of Z. bicolorata. In Z. bicolorata the induction of diapause occurred between the months of July and December. No diapause was observed in May and June, which coincided with the commencement of the monsoon rains. The percentage of diapause induction in Z. bicolorata was found to increase from one generation to another as well as with the age of adults. Diapause significantly increased the fecundity of females as compared to the fecundity in pre-diapause conditions. Soil moisture (80% RH) played an important role in providing the conditions for initiation and termination of diapause. Similarly, 18.4 and 12.5% of diapause adults resumed their activity in 6 and 5 days when exposed to temperatures of 40° and 45° C for 2 h every day, respectively. Exposure of adults to low temperatures, i.e. 5° and 10° C induced 94.3 and 92.5% diapause, respectively, with no adult mortality. Thus, our findings reveal suitable conditions for preventing and inducing diapause in Z. bicolorata, which is of great importance in the suppression of P. hysterophorus. We discuss the implications of these findings in the control of P. hysterophorus.
Influence of maternal adiposity, preterm birth and birth weight centiles on early childhood obesity in an Indigenous Australian pregnancy-through-to-early-childhood cohort study
Authors: Pringle K. G. , Lee Y. Q. , Weatherall L. , Keogh L. , Diehm C. , Roberts C. T. , Eades S. , Brown A. , Smith R. , Lumbers E. R. , Brown L. J. , Collins C. E. , Rae K. M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChildhood obesity rates are higher among Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous Australian children. It has been hypothesized that early-life influences beginning with the intrauterine environment predict the development of obesity in the offspring. The aim of this paper was to assess, in 227 mother–child dyads from the Gomeroi gaaynggal cohort, associations between prematurity, Gestation Related-Optimal Weight (GROW) centiles, maternal adiposity (percentage body fat, visceral fat area), maternal non-fasting plasma glucose levels (measured at mean gestational age of 23.1 weeks) and offspring BMI and adiposity (abdominal circumference, subscapular skinfold thickness) in early childhood (mean age 23.4 months). Maternal non-fasting plasma glucose concentrations were positively associated with infant birth weight (P=0.005) and GROW customized birth weight centiles (P=0.008). There was a significant association between maternal percentage body fat (P=0.02) and visceral fat area (P=0.00) with infant body weight in early childhood. Body mass index (BMI) in early childhood was significantly higher in offspring born preterm compared with those born at term (P=0.03). GROW customized birth weight centiles was significantly associated with body weight (P=0.01), BMI (P=0.007) and abdominal circumference (P=0.039) at early childhood. Our findings suggest that being born preterm, large for gestational age or exposed to an obesogenic intrauterine environment and higher maternal non-fasting plasma glucose concentrations are associated with increased obesity risk in early childhood. Future strategies should aim to reduce the prevalence of overweight/obesity in women of child-bearing age and emphasize the importance of optimal glycemia during pregnancy, particularly in Indigenous women.
Microstructural Records of Earthquakes in the Lower Crust and Associated Fluid‐Driven Metamorphism in Plagioclase‐Rich Granulites
Authors: Petley‐Ragan Arianne , Dunkel Kristina G. , Austrheim Håkon , Ildefonse Benoit , Jamtveit Bjørn 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCoseismic damage associated with earthquakes in the lower continental crust is accompanied by postseismic annealing and fluid‐mediated metamorphism that influence the physical and chemical development of the continental crust on regional scales. A transition from brittle deformation to crystal‐plastic recrystallization is a recurring characteristic of rocks affected by lower crustal earthquakes and is observed in plagioclase adjacent to pseudotachylytes in granulite facies anorthosites from the Bergen Arcs, western Norway. The microstructural and petrological records of this transition were investigated using electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and electron backscatter diffraction analysis. Microfractures associated with mechanical twins are abundant within plagioclase and contain fine‐grained aggregates that formed by fragmentation with minor shear deformation. The presence of feather features, which are described for the first time in feldspar, suggests that fractures propagate at near the shear wave velocity into the wall rock of earthquake slip planes. Grain size insensitive recrystallization took place within the time frame of pseudotachylyte formation, forming high‐angle grain boundaries required for shear zone initiation. Fluid infiltration synfracture to postfracture facilitated the epitactic replacement of plagioclase by alkali feldspar and the nucleation of clinozoisite, kyanite, and quartz. The grain size reduction and crystallization associated with the microfractures create rheologically weak areas that have the potential to localize strain within the plagioclase‐rich lower crust.
Regional Variability and Turbulent Characteristics of the Satellite‐sensed Submesoscale Surface Chlorophyll Concentrations
Authors: Lee Eun Ae , Kim Sung Yong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe regional variability and turbulent characteristics of submesoscale surface chlorophyll concentrations are examined with hourly maps of geostationary ocean color imagery‐derived chlorophyll concentrations at a 0.5 km resolution for a period of 5 years (2011–2015) over the East/Japan Sea with concurrent mesoscale and submesoscale observations. Two seasonal blooms occur in the spring and fall within 250 km off the coast that are associated with constructive combinations of light exposure, nutrients, and vertical stratification. Another bloom occurs in the summer and is closely related to regional wind‐driven upwelling events. The spring and fall blooms are more significant near the coast (within 40 km from the coast) than offshore because of the more energetic submesoscale horizontal shear and vortical phenomena onshore as well as their propagation in the cross‐shore direction. In addition, the regional spring bloom starts offshore and migrate onshore with a time delay of 1 month, which may result from the onshore propagation of geostrophic currents, the deepening of the mixed layer, and favorable nutrient fluxes from the subsurface. The wavenumber‐domain energy spectra of chlorophyll concentrations exhibit anisotropy, which may be closely related to bathymetric effects and regional circulations. The spectral decay slopes change from
to
at the O(10) km scales and from
to
at the O(1) km scales and have weak seasonality. These results are consistent with the two‐dimensional quasi‐geostrophic turbulence theory and can be interpreted with the baroclinic instability energized from the moderate seasonal mixed layer under mesoscale regional circulations.
Numerical Modeling of Dynamically Triggered Shallow Slow Slip Events in New Zealand by the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake
Authors: Wei Meng , Kaneko Yoshihiro , Shi Pengcheng , Liu Yajing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake triggered widespread slow slip events (SSEs) in the northern Hikurangi subduction zone, providing a unique opportunity to study the mechanism of dynamic triggering of SSEs. Here we simulate SSEs near Gisborne, New Zealand, in the framework of rate‐and‐state friction. Low effective normal stress (~0.4 MPa) on the shallow subduction interface is needed to reproduce the observed repeating, spontaneous SSEs. Dynamic stress perturbations from the Kaikoura mainshock are adequate to trigger SSEs with characteristics similar to observation. SSE propensity to dynamic triggering mainly depends on the timing of perturbation with respect to the SSE cycle and the maximum Coulomb stress change. Once the perturbation amplitude exceeds an initial threshold, prolonged stress perturbations tend to decrease the triggering threshold hence promote dynamic triggering of SSEs. Therefore, shallow SSEs are more likely to be dynamically triggered than their deep counterparts because of enhanced stress perturbation (magnitude and duration) from the sedimentary wedge.
The Weakly Stratified Bottom Boundary Layer of the Global Ocean
Authors: Banyte D. , Smeed D. A. , Morales Maqueda M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe weakly stratified bottom boundary layer (wsBBL) of the global ocean is currently unmapped; even the definition of the wsBBL layer is yet lacking. However, recent studies point to the wsBBL as a region where most of the abyssal water transformation takes place. In this study, historical high‐resolution density profiles are used to map the properties of the wsBBL in the global ocean. We use a density gradient criteria (
kg m– 4) to define the top of the layer. The thickness of the wsBBL varies from several meters to over a thousand meters and can be used as a rule of thumb to differentiate basin walls from the basin bottom, respectively. Although the thickness varies greatly, the pressure at the top of the wsBBL varies relatively smoothly allowing us to map its distribution across the ocean along with the density of the wsBBL. The neutral density, γwsBBL, and pressure, PwsBBL, of the upper boundary of the wsBBL are highly correlated within each ocean basin. Diagrams of γwsBBL versus PwsBBL clearly differentiate the different basins, connected by the narrow channels, along the pathways of abyssal water circulation. The diagrams give insight into the different mechanisms of abyssal water transformation and highlight locations where transformation happens: inter‐basin channels and over some parts of mid‐oceanic ridges such as found in the Brazil Basin, in the Guiana Basin, and in the Southwest Pacific Basin.
Numerical Modeling of the Interactions of Oil, Marine Snow, and Riverine Sediments in the Ocean
Authors: Dissanayake Anusha L. , Burd Adrian B. , Daly Kendra L. , Francis Simone , Passow Uta 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNatural or spilled oil in the ocean can interact with marine snow and sediment from riverine sources and form Marine Oil Snow (MOS) aggregates including aggregates consisting of phytoplankton, detritus, and feces. Such aggregates have a fractal structure and can transport oil from the surface layers to greater depths in the ocean, eventually settling on the seafloor. In recent studies of the Deepwater Horizon and IXTOC‐1 oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico, this process was identified as one of the main mechanisms for transporting oil vertically in the water column. We have adapted a stochastic, one‐dimensional numerical model that uses coagulation theory to simulate MOS formation and sinking in the ocean and predict the time evolution of physical properties and spatial distribution of MOS. Here we present the model development, calibration, and validation with measured MOS field data in the Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon spill. We use a sensitivity analysis to identify critical parameters, and suggest future model improvements and areas where further experimental investigation is needed to improve our understanding of MOS formation and sedimentation. The model can be used during response and planning activities associated with oil spills in the marine environments.
SIDDIES Corridor: A Major East‐West Pathway of Long‐Lived Surface and Subsurface Eddies Crossing the Subtropical South Indian Ocean
Authors: Dilmahamod A. F. , Aguiar‐González B. , Penven P. , Reason C. J. C. , De Ruijter W. P. M. , Malan N. , Hermes J. C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSouth Indian Ocean eddies (SIDDIES), originating from a high evaporation region in the eastern Indian Ocean, are investigated by tracking individual eddies from satellite data and co‐located Argo floats. A subsurface‐eddy identification method, based on its steric dynamic height anomaly, is devised to assign Argo profiles to surface eddies (surfSIDDIES) or subsurface eddies (subSIDDIES). These westward‐propagating, long‐lived features (>3 months) prevail over a preferential latitudinal band, forming a permanent structure linking the eastern to the western Indian Ocean, that we call the 'SIDDIES Corridor’. Key features have been revealed in the mean thermohaline vertical structure of these eddies. Anticyclonic SIDDIES are characterized by positive subsurface salinity anomalies, with subSIDDIES not exhibiting negative surface anomalies, as opposed to surfSIDDIES. Cyclonic subSIDDIES also occur, but their related salinity anomalies are weaker. SubSIDDIES exhibit two cores of different temperature polarities in their surface and subsurface levels. Cyclonic subSIDDIES have their cores at around 150‐200 m depth along the 25.4‐25.8 kg m−3 potential density layer with anticyclonic subSIDDIES having their cores at 250‐300 m along the 26‐26.4 kg m−3 density layer. The SIDDIES corridor acts as a zonal pathway for both eddy‐types to advect water masses and biogeochemical properties across the basin. This study provides a new insight on heat/salt fluxes, showing that 58% (32%) of the total heat eddy‐flux is ascribed to cyclonic (anticyclonic) subSIDDIES, respectively, in the eastern South Indian Ocean. Anticyclonic subSIDDIES have also been found to be the sole high‐saline water eddy‐conveyor toward the western Indian Ocean.
Targetable vulnerabilities in T- and NK-cell lymphomas identified through preclinical models
Authors: Ng Samuel Y. , Yoshida Noriaki , Christie Amanda L. , Ghandi Mahmoud , Dharia Neekesh V. , Dempster Joshua , Murakami Mark , Shigemori Kay , Morrow Sara N. , Van Scoyk Alexandria , Cordero Nicolas A. , Stevenson Kristen E. , Puligandla Maneka , Haas Brian , Lo Christopher , Meyers Robin , Gao Galen , Cherniack Andrew , Louissaint Abner , Nardi Valentina , Thorner Aaron R. , Long Henry , Qiu Xintao , Morgan Elizabeth A. , Dorfman David M. , Fiore Danilo , Jang Julie , Epstein Alan L. , Dogan Ahmet , Zhang Yanming , Horwitz Steven M. , Jacobsen Eric D. , Santiago Solimar , Ren Jian-Guo , Guerlavais Vincent , Annis D. Allen , Aivado Manuel , Saleh Mansoor N. , Mehta Amitkumar , Tsherniak Aviad , Root David , Vazquez Francisca , Hahn William C. , Inghirami Giorgio , Aster Jon C. , Weinstock David M. , Koch Raphael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractT- and NK-cell lymphomas (TCL) are a heterogenous group of lymphoid malignancies with poor prognosis. In contrast to B-cell and myeloid malignancies, there are few preclinical models of TCLs, which has hampered the development of effective therapeutics. Here we establish and characterize preclinical models of TCL. We identify multiple vulnerabilities that are targetable with currently available agents (e.g., inhibitors of JAK2 or IKZF1) and demonstrate proof-of-principle for biomarker-driven therapies using patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). We show that MDM2 and MDMX are targetable vulnerabilities within TP53-wild-type TCLs. ALRN-6924, a stapled peptide that blocks interactions between p53 and both MDM2 and MDMX has potent in vitro activity and superior in vivo activity across 8 different PDX models compared to the standard-of-care agent romidepsin. ALRN-6924 induced a complete remission in a patient with TP53-wild-type angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, demonstrating the potential for rapid translation of discoveries from subtype-specific preclinical models.
Intron retention and nuclear loss of SFPQ are molecular hallmarks of ALS
Authors: Luisier Raphaelle , Tyzack Giulia E. , Hall Claire E. , Mitchell Jamie S. , Devine Helen , Taha Doaa M. , Malik Bilal , Meyer Ione , Greensmith Linda , Newcombe Jia , Ule Jernej , Luscombe Nicholas M. , Patani Rickie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMutations causing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) strongly implicate ubiquitously expressed regulators of RNA processing. To understand the molecular impact of ALS-causing mutations on neuronal development and disease, we analysed transcriptomes during in vitro differentiation of motor neurons (MNs) from human control and patient-specific VCP mutant induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We identify increased intron retention (IR) as a dominant feature of the splicing programme during early neural differentiation. Importantly, IR occurs prematurely in VCP mutant cultures compared with control counterparts. These aberrant IR events are also seen in independent RNAseq data sets from SOD1- and FUS-mutant MNs. The most significant IR is seen in the SFPQ transcript. The SFPQ protein binds extensively to its retained intron, exhibits lower nuclear abundance in VCP mutant cultures and is lost from nuclei of MNs in mouse models and human sporadic ALS. Collectively, we demonstrate SFPQ IR and nuclear loss as molecular hallmarks of familial and sporadic ALS.
Kin discrimination allows plants to modify investment towards pollinator attraction
Authors: Torices Rubén , Gómez José M. , Pannell John R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPollinators tend to be preferentially attracted to large floral displays that may comprise more than one plant in a patch. Attracting pollinators thus not only benefits individuals investing in advertising, but also other plants in a patch through a ‘magnet’ effect. Accordingly, there could be an indirect fitness advantage to greater investment in costly floral displays by plants in kin-structured groups than when in groups of unrelated individuals. Here, we seek evidence for this strategy by manipulating relatedness in groups of the plant Moricandia moricandioides, an insect-pollinated herb that typically grows in patches. As predicted, individuals growing with kin, particularly at high density, produced larger floral displays than those growing with non-kin. Investment in attracting pollinators was thus moulded by the presence and relatedness of neighbours, exemplifying the importance of kin recognition in the evolution of plant reproductive strategies.
Exploring the current state of play for cost-effective water treatment by membranes
Authors: Hilal Nidal , Wright Chris J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article presents a perspective on the current development and application of membranes for the treatment of water. We examine how membranes contribute to the global challenge of sustainable supply of clean water. The main theme is on desalination and how innovative science and emerging technology is being applied. Thus, we appraise how techniques such as advanced membrane materials, biomimetic membranes, hybrid systems, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation are being used to improve production to meet the increasing global demand for water.
Age-related differences in limb fat-free mass and fat mass in healthy Chinese Adults
Authors: Bai Mei , Wang Rui , Zhu Linhao , Li Guixin , Yuan Dongya , Wang Li , Jin Tianbo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) are important elements to evaluate nutritional status. The aims of this study were to establish reference values for FM and FFM of limbs, develop percentile distributions and assess age-related regional differences in body composition by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) in healthy adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3419 healthy subjects, 1595 men and 1824 women. Regional FM and FFM were measured by BIA. FM in men remained stable in both upper and lower limbs, with reference values (25–75th percentile) of 1–1.5 kg and 4.9–7.2 kg, respectively. Women’s leg FM remained stable with aging (reference values 6.2–7.9 kg), increasing in their arms (0.9–1.5 kg for youngest, 1.3–2.3 kg oldest). The reference values of upper limbs FFM were 5.3–6.2 kg in men and 3.3–3.9 kg in women. Lower limbs FFM decreased with age in both gender: the reference values were 19.5–23.3 kg (men) and 13.8–15.4 kg (women) for 18–30 age group, and 17.3–20 kg and 11.2–13.1 kg, respectively, for 60+ age group. These data provided reference values of FM and FFM in both limbs, enabling the identification of age and gender-related changes in limb composition in healthy Chinese subjects.