bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homeless status documentation at a metropolitan hospital emergency department
Authors: Lee Stuart J , Thomas Phillipa , Newnham Harvey , Freidin Julian , Smith Cathie , Lowthian Judy , Borghmans Felice , Gocentas Robert A , De Silva Devereaux , Stafrace Simon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study compared the prevalence of homelessness in consecutive patients presenting to a metropolitan hospital ED measured via a prospective housing screen with the prevalence of homelessness determined via retrospective audit of hospital data. Factors that altered the odds of patients being homeless and service outcomes that differed were examined for screened patients.MethodsAll patients presenting to the ED during a 7 day period in 2017 were invited to complete a housing screen. A retrospective audit of all ED presentations during the same period also occurred. Demographic (e.g. age, gender), clinical (e.g. reason for presentation, ED presentation history) and arrival mode (e.g. time, how arrived) predictors of homeless status were examined alongside care outcomes (e.g. ED length of stay, admission and 28 day re‐presentation).ResultsOf 1208 presenting patients, 504 were prospectively screened and 7.9% were homeless. This compared with 0.8% of ED presentations coded as homeless in the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset and 2.3% of the 704 non‐screened patients identified as homeless using Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset Usual Accommodation alongside primary diagnosis and registration address. Within the screened sample, homeless patients were more likely to be male, arrive by emergency ambulance/with police, have a psychosocial diagnosis, and be frequent presenters. Re‐presentation within 28 days occurred for 43% of homeless and 15% of not‐homeless patients.ConclusionsHospital ED administrative data substantially under‐recognises the prevalence of homelessness in presenting patients. Standardised use of brief housing screens could improve identification of and provision of support to this often highly vulnerable population.
One Team or Two? Investigating Relationship Quality between Auditors and IT Specialists: Implications for Audit Team Identity and the Audit Process
Authors: Bauer Tim D. , Estep Cassandra , Malsch Bertrand 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWhile prior research focuses on the audit team made up of auditors, we focus on the collective audit team made up of auditors and specialists—in our context, information technology (IT) specialists. Complex systems in today's audits and researcher and regulator concerns regarding ineffective coordination and communication between the two specializations motivate better understanding of this collective audit team. We investigate how auditors and IT specialists perceive their relationship and how the audit process unfolds when these relationships are good and when they are difficult. Results of interviews conducted with Big 4 audit and IT practitioners provide evidence that they perceive their relationship quality to depend on the level of mutual value and respect. Auditors assert a one‐team view of the collective audit team that includes IT specialists, but IT specialists feel auditors see them as a separate team and a “necessary evil.” The audit process vastly differs between relationships perceived as difficult and good. In difficult relationships, the two specializations often struggle for status, with limited communication or effort to understand how their work fits together. Our findings imply difficult relationships are at risk for poor integration and unsupported reliance on IT functions, shedding light on recurring threats to audit quality identified by PCAOB inspections. In good relationships, auditors and IT specialists appear motivated to engage in frequent and open communication to help understand, coordinate, and complete the audit. Inferences gleaned from good relationships let us highlight prescriptions for audit firms to improve effectiveness of collective audit teams.
Accounting Standards Harmonization and Financial Integration
Authors: Dhaliwal Dan , He Wen , Li Yan , Pereira Raynolde 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWe empirically examine whether adopting a uniform set of accounting standards mitigates information frictions in financial markets and facilitates market integration. Using a difference‐in‐difference design, we find that after the mandatory adoption of IFRS local stock returns incorporate more global information and at a faster speed. The effect of IFRS adoption is stronger in countries where there are larger improvements in accounting comparability and for firms with a larger increase in foreign ownership. Overall, our results suggest that accounting standards harmonization facilitates financial market integration.
Sex‐specific clinical outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy in left bundle branch block‐associated idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy: A NEOLITH II substudy
Authors: Wang Norman C. , Mezu‐Chukwu Ure , Adelstein Evan C. , Althouse Andrew D. , Sharbaugh Michael S. , Jain Sandeep K. , Shalaby Alaa A. , Voigt Andrew H. , Saba Samir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSex differences in clinical outcomes for left bundle branch block (LBBB)‐associated idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) are not well described.MethodsA retrospective cohort study at an academic medical center included subjects with LBBB‐associated idiopathic NICM who received CRT. Cox regression analyses estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) between sex and clinical outcomes.ResultsIn 123 total subjects (mean age 62 years, mean initial left ventricular ejection fraction 22.8%, 76% New York Heart Association class III, and 98% CRT‐defibrillators), 55 (45%) were men and 68 (55%) were women. The median follow‐up time after CRT was 72.4 months. Similar risk for adverse clinical events (heart failure hospitalization, appropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator shock, appropriate antitachycardia pacing therapy, ventricular assist device implantation, heart transplantation, and death) was observed between men and women (HR, 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–2.51; p = 0.63). This persisted in multivariable analyses. Men and women had similar risk for all‐cause mortality in univariable analysis, but men had higher risk in the final multivariable model that adjusted for age at diagnosis, QRS duration, and left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension index (HR, 4.55; 95% CI, 1.26–16.39; p = 0.02). The estimated 5‐year mortality was 9.5% for men and 6.9% for women.ConclusionsIn LBBB‐associated idiopathic NICM, men have higher risk for all‐cause mortality after CRT when compared to women.
Letter: distinct hepatitis B virus relapse rates after discontinuing tenofovir and entecavir therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Huang Rui , Yao Renling , Wu Weihua , Wang Jian , Wu Chao 
Published: March 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Kuo et al and Chen papers. To view these
articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15053 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15183.
Editorial: metabolomic biomarkers for colorectal adenocarcinoma and in the differentiation between irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis in clinical remission — confounded by the gut microbiome? Authors' reply
Authors: Bond Ashley , Probert Chris 
Published: March 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Keshteli et al and Leong et al papers. To view
these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15140, and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15171.
Causes of mortality and severe morbidity requiring euthanasia in captive Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) in Tasmania
Authors: Peck SJ , Michael SA , Knowles G , Davis A , Pemberton D 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundDevil facial tumour disease (DFTD) is a contagious cancer causing marked population declines in wild Tasmanian devils. In response to this threat, a captive insurance population has been established. This study investigated causes of death in captive Tasmanian devils.MethodsClinical and laboratory records of captive Tasmanian devils held in seven Tasmanian captive facilities were analysed for cause of death or severe morbidity requiring euthanasia.ResultsNeoplasia was found to be the most common cause of mortality/severe morbidity, accounting for 27/63 of deaths. Cutaneous lymphoma was the most frequently observed tumour (10/27), at a higher incidence than previously reported. The most common cause of severe morbidity, following neoplasia, was leucoencephalomyelopathy, which caused severe, progressive hindlimb paresis and ataxia.ConclusionNeoplasia, specifically cutaneous lymphoma, and degenerative neurological conditions are the most frequent causes of death in captive Tasmanian devils in Tasmania. Further work to determine the aetiologies of these conditions, as well as effective treatments, would be valuable.
Intravenous antazoline, a first‐generation antihistaminic drug with antiarrhythmic properties, is a suitable agent for pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation induced during pulmonary vein isolation due to the lack of influence on atrio‐venous conduction and high clinical effectiveness (AntaEP Study)
Authors: Farkowski Michal M. , Maciag Aleksander , Kowalik Ilona , Konka Marek , Szwed Hanna , Pytkowski Mariusz 
Published: March 2019

AimsAntazoline is a first‐generation antihistaminic drug used primarily in eye drop formulations. When administered intravenously, antazoline displays antiarrhythmic properties resulting in a rapid conversion of recent‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) to sinus rhythm (SR).The aim of the study was to assess the influence of antazoline on atrio‐venous conduction and other electrophysiological parameters in patients undergoing AF ablation.MethodsAn experimental prospective study. Patients scheduled for the first‐time AF ablation, in SR and not on amiodarone were enrolled. Atrio‐venous conduction assessment and invasive electrophysiological study (EPS) were performed before and after intravenous administration of 250 mg of antazoline. In case of AF induction during EPS, antazoline was administered until conversion to SR or a cumulative dose of 300 mg.ResultsWe enrolled 14 patients: 13 (93%) men, mean age 63.4 (59.9–66.8) years, mean CHA2DS2‐VASc score 1.6 (1.0–2.2). Antazoline was administered in a mean dose 257.1 (246.7–267.6) mg. Pulmonary vein potentials and atrial capture during pulmonary vein stimulation were present before and after the administration of antazoline. Wenckebach point and atrial conduction times did not change significantly, but atrio‐ventricular node effective refractory period improved—324.7 (275.9–373.5) ms vs 284.3 (256.2–312.4) ms, P = 0.02. Antazoline was effective in all 5 (100%) cases of AF induction during EPS. There were no serious adverse events.ConclusionDue to the lack of influence on atrio‐venous conduction and high clinical effectiveness, antazoline may be suitable for pharmacological cardioversion of AF occurring during AF ablation.
Laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery influenced pharmacokinetics of several drugs given as a cocktail with the highest impact observed for CYP1A2, CYP2C8 and CYP2E1 substrates
Authors: Puris Elena , Pasanen Markku , Ranta Veli‐Pekka , Gynther Mikko , Petsalo Aleksanteri , Käkelä Pirjo , Männistö Ville , Pihlajamäki Jussi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is a lack of information about the changes in drug pharmacokinetics and cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism after bariatric surgery. Here, we investigated the effects of laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) surgery on pharmacokinetics of nine drugs given simultaneously which may reveal changes in the activities of the main CYPs. Eight obese subjects undergoing LRYGB received an oral cocktail containing nine drugs, substrates of various CYPs: melatonin (CYP1A2), nicotine (CYP2A6), bupropion (CYP2B6), repaglinide (CYP2C8), losartan (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19/CYP3A4), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1) and midazolam (CYP3A). The 6‐hours pharmacokinetic profiles in serum and urine of each drug or corresponding metabolite as well as their metabolic ratios were compared before surgery with those at a median 1 year later. LRYGB exerted variable effects on the pharmacokinetics of these drugs. The geometric mean AUC0‐6 (90% confidence interval) of melatonin, bupropion, repaglinide, chlorzoxazone and midazolam after LRYGB was 27 (19%‐41%), 54 (43%‐67%), 44 (29%‐66%), 160 (129%‐197%) and 74 (62%‐90%) of the pre‐surgery values, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of losartan, omeprazole and dextromethorphan did not change in response to surgery. Nicotine was not detected in serum, while geometric mean of AUC0‐6 of its metabolite, cotinine, increased by 1.7 times after surgery. There were 3.6‐ and 1.3‐fold increases in the AUC ratios of 6‐hydroxymelatonin/melatonin and hydroxybupropion/bupropion, respectively. The cocktail revealed multiple pharmacokinetic changes occurring after LRYGB with the greatest effects observed for CYP1A2, CYP2C8 and CYP2E1 substrates. Future studies should be focused on CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8 and CYP2B6 to clarify the changes in activities of these enzymes after LRYGB.
Professional ecologies shaping technology adoption in early childhood education with multilingual children
Authors: Davis Niki , Harris Leona , Cunningham Una 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStrategic deployment of the digital world in educational ecosystems inhabited by multilingual children (4–6 years old), their teachers and their families is evolving in some communities. This study reveals the “actors” and communities that mediate the extent and the nature of engagement with new media in contexts of early childhood education, including evidence of partnership with teachers. Teachers and parents were found to be the “keystone species,” with the teacher the most influential mediator for young multilingual children. Empirical research into the interacting learning ecologies of young children in six early childhood centres and five associated schools is based on interviews with teachers and families plus photographs of the linguistic landscapes in these physical and digital ecosystems. Fragmented multiple perspectives on the education of young children and technology adoption are brought together with Davis’ Arena Framework of change with digital technologies in education. One early childhood education centre is mapped in a global arena to expose the co‐evolution of education with technology that occurs in all levels, local through global. This clarifies the need for co‐construction of policy and practice in these ecosystems so that that emergent bilinguals can have a better start in the digital world.
Educational technology research trends in Turkey from a critical perspective: An analysis of postgraduate theses
Authors: Kara Aydemir Ayse Gul , Can Gulfidan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore the research trends in the context of postgraduate programmes in the field of Educational Technology (ET) in Turkey between 1996 and 2016, and to uncover the possible factors that influence these trends from the perspective of ET faculty members. This study was informed by critical theory and employed the critical inquiry method. In the first phase, content analysis technique was used in order to explore trends in research methods and topics in theses completed in ET postgraduate programmes in Turkey. In the second phase, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 11 faculty members regarding the possible influential factors. The findings of the content analysis indicated that ET research was dominated by quantitative research designs in the examined theses. Critical methods were overlooked and social, cultural, and political issues were largely silenced. The findings of the interviews showed that the factors that have been influential on ET research trends were the social impact of the research, personal interests and skills, disciplinary and departmental culture, and feasibility concerns. This study presents implications for better ET research by addressing blind spots of the field and providing suggestions for ET postgraduate students, ET scholars, policymakers and practitioners in a global context and other developing countries since the resulting trends in Turkey were found similar to international trends in the field.
Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms that maintain normal haemostasis
Authors: O'Donnell James S. , O'Sullivan Jamie M. , Preston Roger J. S. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBlood clot formation to stem bleeding from an injured blood vessel arises from a complex series of cellular and biochemical events, which, when dysregulated, predispose to an increased risk of thrombosis or bleeding. Similarly, haemostatic regulation of clot growth and size is exquisitely controlled by a series of anticoagulant ‘checkpoints', that exert their inhibitory activity at distinct stages in the steps leading to clot formation. Although the major plasma protein constituents required for haemostasis have now been largely elucidated and the molecular events that lead to clot formation are well understood, defining a fuller appreciation of the importance, location and regulation of each haemostatic process remains a fertile area of ongoing research. In this review article, we first provide an overview of the original ‘waterfall' or ‘cascade' hypothesis of blood coagulation as it was defined in the 1960s. We subsequently discuss how this original model has been refined over time to incorporate accumulating data that has enabled a more nuanced consideration of the role of specific proteins, receptors and lipids in dictating the spatial and temporal development of a blood clot.
Adoptive donor immunity protects against resolved hepatitis B virus reactivation after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the world's largest retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Jia‐Hau , Liao Xiu‐Wen , Chen Chien‐Hung , Yao Ming , Li Chi‐Cheng , Lin Chien‐Ting , Tsai Cheng‐Hong , Chou Wen‐Chien , Hou Hsin‐An , Huang Shang‐Yi , Wu Shang‐Ju , Chen Yao‐Chang , Tien Hwei‐Fang , Tang Jih‐Luh , Ko Bor‐Sheng 
Published: March 2019

SummaryReactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) by reverse seroconversion (HBV‐RS) after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) can occur in patients with resolved HBV infection (rHBV, defined as negative HBV surface antigen [HBsAg] and positive HBV core antibody), and may cause fatal hepatitis. To explore the risk factors, we retrospectively identified 817 consecutive patients who underwent allo‐HSCT from 2005 to 2016 in this largest single centre cohort from National Taiwan Univerisity Hospital. Transplants using donors or recipients positive for HBsAg or HBV DNA were excluded, leaving 445 rHBV patients for analysis. The 3‐ and 5‐year cumulative incidence of HBV‐RS after allo‐HSCT was 8·7% and 10·5%, respectively, at a median 16 months after allo‐HSCT. All had concurrent HBV reactivation. HBV flares developed in 19% of HBV‐RS cases, but none experienced hepatic failure. Neither did it impact non‐relapse mortality or overall survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with donor lacking hepatitis B surface antibody and extensive chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) have the highest risk for HBV‐RS, with 5‐year incidence of 24·2%. In conclusion, adoptive immunity transfer from the donor seems to have protective effects against HBV‐RS, which may alter future donor selection algorithms, and combined with extensive cGVHD provides a good target for risk‐adaptive HBV prophylaxis.
Does other‐affirmation increase self‐directed exposure to and persuasiveness of a threatening anti‐alcohol message?
Authors: Brown Stephen L. , Chen Xiaoying , Coakley Robin G. , Hlabangana Nobukhosi , Oakley Esme , Trenholme Sophie 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveSelf‐affirmation of personal values can reduce defensive responses to threatening health promotion messages, probably because it induces a positive and expansive view of the self. However, coping with threat is also an interpersonal process. We developed other‐affirmation inductions that focus on values held by others. Two studies examined the effects of common affirmation inductions modified for other‐affirmation: affirmation of a specific value (kindness) and affirmation of a personally chosen value.DesignRandomized and controlled three‐group (self‐, other‐, or no‐affirmation conditions) single‐factor design. Outcomes were time spent in self‐directed viewing the message and self‐reported outcomes that included intentions to reduce drinking, evaluations of the message, and risk perceptions.MethodsStudents were randomized to self‐, other, or no‐affirmation conditions and asked to read a threatening anti‐alcohol message.ResultsSelf‐ and other‐affirmation increased message viewing time in Study 1. In both studies, other‐affirmation increased self‐reported outcomes, and study 1 showed this effect to be more prominent in females. In Study 1, the effects of self‐ and other‐affirmation on message exposure were greater in participants with defensive coping styles, and other‐affirmation effects were mediated by more positive views of others and their values. This mediation was independent of self‐affirmation.ConclusionOther‐affirmation increased self‐reported outcomes and, in Study 1, reduced defensiveness to and improved viewing times to an anti‐alcohol message. Other‐affirmation could be useful, because it may be suited to particular subpopulations, such as females, and can be easily incorporated into mass‐reach health communications.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Self‐affirmation of personally important values can reduce defensive responding to threatening health communications.

Self‐affirmation effects have been shown to be mediated by feelings of connectedness.

What does this study add?

Affirmation of personally important values in others can improve effects of a health communication.

Other‐affirmation effects may be greater in those with defensive coping styles.

Other‐affirmation was mediated by enhanced perceptions of others and their values.
Molecular modeling of salsolinol, a full Gi protein agonist of the μ‐opioid receptor, within the receptor binding site
Authors: Berríos‐Cárcamo Pablo , Rivera‐Meza Mario , Herrera‐Marschitz Mario , Zapata‐Torres Gerald 
Published: March 2019

Abstract(R/S)‐Salsolinol is a full agonist of the μ‐opioid receptor (μOR) Gi protein pathway via its (S)‐enantiomer and is functionally selective as it does not promote β‐arrestin recruitment. Compared to (S)‐salsolinol, the (R)‐enantiomer is a less potent agonist of the Gi protein pathway. We have now studied the interactions of the salsolinol enantiomers docked in the binding pocket of the μOR to determine the molecular interactions that promote enantiomeric specificity and functional selectivity of (R/S)‐salsolinol. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that (S)‐salsolinol interacted with 8 of the 11 residues of the μOR binding site, enough to stabilize the molecule. (R)‐Salsolinol showed higher mobility with fewer prevalent bonds. Hence, the methyl group bound to the (S)‐stereogenic center promoted more favorable interactions in the μOR binding site than in the (R)‐orientation. Because (S)‐salsolinol is a small molecule (179.2 Da), it did not interact with residues implicated in the binding of larger morphinan agonists that are located toward the extracellular portion of the binding pocket: W3187.35, I3227.39, and Y3267.43. Our results suggest that contact with residues which (S)‐salsolinol interacts with are enough to elicit Gi protein activation, and possibly define a minimum set required by μOR ligands to promote activation of the Gi protein pathway.