bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the release of copper from nanocopper-treated and conventional copper-treated lumber into marine waters II: Forms and bioavailability
Authors: Parks Ashley N. , Cantwell Mark G. , Katz David R. , Cashman Michaela A. , Luxton Todd P. , Clar Justin G. , Perron Monique M. , Portis Lisa , Ho Kay T. , Burgess Robert M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

One application of nanocopper is as a wood-preserving pesticide in pressure-treated lumber. Recent research has shown that pressure-treated lumber amended with micronized copper azole (MCA), which contains nanosized copper, releases copper under estuarine and marine conditions. The form of copper released (i.e., ionic, nanocopper [1–100 nm in size]) is not fully understood but will affect the bioavailability and toxicity of the metal. In the present study, multiple lines of evidence, including size fractionation, ion-selective electrode electrochemistry, comparative toxicity, and copper speciation were used to determine the form of copper released from lumber blocks and sawdust. The results of all lines of evidence supported the hypothesis that ionic copper was released from MCA lumber and sawdust, with little evidence that nanocopper was released. For example, copper concentrations in size fractionations of lumber block aqueous leachates including unfiltered, 0.1 μm, and 3 kDa were not significantly different, suggesting that the form of copper released was in the size range operationally defined as dissolved. These results correlated with the ion-selective electrode data which detects only ionic copper. In addition, comparative toxicity testing resulted in a narrow range of median lethal concentrations (221–257 μg/L) for MCA lumber blocks and CuSO4. We conclude that ionic copper was released from the nanocopper pressure-treated lumber under estuarine and marine conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1969–1979. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Dynamic semantic‐based green bio‐inspired approach for optimizing energy and cloud services qualities
Authors: Mansouri Kamel , Alti Adel , Roose Philippe , Laborie Sébastien 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCurrently, everybody can access and leverage existing services on the Cloud from a wide variety of mobile devices at any time and from anywhere (at home, at work, in the car, etc). The massive use of new heterogeneous mobile devices and technologies for discovering and deploying cloud services has led a trade‐off between costs and improved quality of services (eg, fast response time, low cost, improved security, the reduction of energy consumption, and considerable emissions of carbon). This trade‐off has led most cloud service providers to call for new intelligent, faster, and energy‐saving solutions. This paper aims to propose a new approach based on Semantic Web technologies and Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, which intends to reduce the energy consumption of a wide variety of cloud services. Our approach is generic and, therefore, offers to customers a flexible infrastructure where they can easily perform their preferences. The effectiveness and energy saving of our proposal have been validated and evaluated through multiple experiments on random and real‐world data sets.
The tempo of human childhood: a maternal foot on the accelerator, a paternal foot on the brake
Authors: Kotler Jennifer , Haig David 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRelative to the life history of other great apes, that of humans is characterized by early weaning and short interbirth intervals (IBIs). We propose that in modern humans, birth until adrenarche, or the rise in adrenal androgens, developmentally corresponds to the period from birth until weaning in great apes and ancestral hominins. According to this hypothesis, humans achieved short IBIs by subdividing ancestral infancy into a nurseling phase, during which offspring fed at the breast, and a weanling phase, during which offspring fed specially prepared foods. Imprinted genes influence the timing of human weaning and adrenarche, with paternally expressed genes promoting delays in childhood maturation and maternally expressed genes promoting accelerated maturation. These observations suggest that the tempo of human development has been shaped by consequences for the fitness of kin, with faster development increasing maternal fitness at a cost to child fitness. The effects of imprinted genes suggest that the duration of the juvenile period (adrenarche until puberty) has also been shaped by evolutionary conflicts within the family.
A high‐order PIC method for advection‐dominated flow with application to shallow water waves
Authors: Wang W. , Kelly D.M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA hybrid Eulerian‐Lagrangian particle‐in‐cell–type numerical method is developed for the solution of advection‐dominated flow problems. Particular attention is given over to the high‐order transfer of flow properties from the particles to the grid. For smooth flows, the method presented is of formal high‐order accuracy in space. The method is applied to solve the nonlinear shallow water equations resulting in a new, and novel, shock capturing shallow water solver. The approach is able to simulate complex shallow water flows, which can contain an arbitrary number of discontinuities. Both trivial and nontrivial bottom topography is considered, and it is shown that the new scheme is inherently well balanced, exactly satisfying the
‐property. The scheme is verified against several one‐dimensional benchmark shallow water problems. These include cases that involve transcritical flow regimes, shock waves, and nontrivial bathymetry. In all the test cases presented, very good results are obtained.
Optimization of red teff flour, malted soybean flour, and papaya fruit powder blending ratios for better nutritional quality and sensory acceptability of porridge
Authors: Mezgebo Kiros , Belachew Tefera , Satheesh Neela 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study was carried out to optimize the compositions of red teff flour with malted soybean flour and papaya fruit powders for better nutritional quality and sensory acceptability of porridge. Total eleven formulations of the composite flours were determined using D‐optimal mixture design with the help of Minitab Version 16 Statistical Software. The three ingredients were considered in the ranges of 55%–70%, 20%–30%, 5%–15% for red teff flour, malted soybean flour, and Papaya fruit powder, respectively. The prepared porridge samples from formulations were analyzed for nutritional composition, antinutritional factors, and sensory acceptability. Results of the study showed the significant difference (p < .05) in ash, fat, fiber, protein, carbohydrate, energy, iron, calcium, zinc, β‐carotene, phytates, tannin, appearance, taste, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability as the composition of ingredients were changed. The overall optimum point was found in a range of red teff flour (60%–70%), malted soybean flour (20%–27.5%), and papaya fruit powder (10%–12.5%). In conclusion, the present approach can help in improve infants dietary quality of complementary foods by developing nutritionally enhanced red teff‐based porridge used for intervention of malnutrition.
Effect of ethanol extract of boiled breadfruit (Treculia Africana) seed on the oral glucose tolerance, lipid profile, and body weight of normoglycemic albino rats
Authors: Eleazu Kate , Maduabuchi Patric , Eleazu Chinedum 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe effect of ethanol extracts of boiled Treculia africana seed on the oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), lipid profile, and body weight of normoglycemic albino rats was determined. Fifteen male albino rats were used and were divided into three groups of five rats each. Groups 1 and 2 received 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract, while group 3 (control group) received 1 ml/kg of normal saline. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The body weights of the rats were determined daily. OGTT was determined at week zero (before extract administration) and at weeks 2 and 4, respectively, following extract administration. Glycemic index (GI) of the extracts was calculated from the incremental area under the OGTT curve. The total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels in the sera of the rats were determined using standard techniques. Atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CRI) of the rats were expressed as ratios of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, respectively. Following 2 weeks of the extract administration, the blood glucose for groups 1 and 2 rats declined to values ≤100 mg/dl after oral glucose loading. GI for the standard rat feeds and the extracts at 100 and 200 mg/kg by the second week of experimentation were 100, 114, and 96.09, respectively. GI for the extract at 100 mg/kg decreased to 103.63 at the 4th week, while that for the extract at 200 mg/kg increased to 98.07. The extract at 100 mg/kg increased the LDL cholesterol, AI, and CRI of the rats, suggesting that consumption of boiled African breadfruit may expose an individual to the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases. Finally, the study suggested that consumption of T. africana seed by a nondiabetic subject may have no effect on the glucose tolerance of the individual, while it will negatively impact on the glycemic status of a diabetic subject.
Operation Strategies Based on Carbon Corrosion and Lifetime Investigations for High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks
Authors: Kannan A. , Kaczerowski J. , Kabza A. , Scholta J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper is aimed to develop operation strategies or high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs) stacks in order to enhance the endurance by mitigating carbon oxidation reaction. The testing protocols are carefully designed to suit the operating cycle for the realistic application. A 5 cell co‐flow stack is assembled with BASF Celtec® P membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with an active area of 163.5 cm2. The oxidation rate of carbon is systematically investigated employing potentiostatic experiments under variation of both cell voltage and temperature using on‐line mass spectrometry.The experimental results show that more CO2 is measured for the open circuit voltage (OCV) operation, indicating that the lifetime of the stack is strongly affected by a factor of approximately 12–26 between OCV and 700 mV depending on temperature. Protective start‐stop algorithms are developed to avoid the formation of aggressive cell potentials. The startup procedures let degrade the catalyst support to a higher extent than the stop procedures, which is presumably due to both OCV exposure and hydrogen front passing through the anode. A model for lifetime prediction is developed from carbon corrosion experiments and validated with a durability test for 1,562 cycle events.
Mutation analysis of adenomas and carcinomas of the colon: Early and late drivers
Authors: Wolff Roger K. , Hoffman Michael D. , Wolff Erica C. , Herrick Jennifer S. , Sakoda Lori C. , Samowitz Wade S. , Slattery Martha L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for about 8% of all new cancer cases diagnosed in the US. We used whole exome sequence data from triplet samples (colon carcinoma, colon adenoma, and normal tissue) from 18 individuals to assess gene mutation rates. Of the 2 204 genes that were mutated, APC, TTN, TP53, KRAS, OBSCN, SOX9, PCDH17, SIGLEC10, MYH6, and BRD9 were consistent with genes being an early driver of carcinogenesis, in that they were mutated in multiple adenomas and multiple carcinomas. Fifty‐two genes were mutated in ≥12.5% of microsatellite stable (MSS) carcinomas but not in any of the adenomas, in line with the profile of a late driver event involved in tumor progression. Thirty‐eight genes were sequenced in a larger independent set of 148 carcinoma/normal tissue pairs to obtain more precise mutation frequencies. Eight of the genes, APC, TP53, ATM, CSMD3, LRP1B, RYR2, BIRC6, and MUC17, contained mutations in >20% of the carcinomas. Interestingly, mutations in four genes in addition to APC that are associated with dysregulation of Wnt signaling, were all classified as early driver events. Most of the genes that are commonly associated with colon cancer, including APC, TP53, and KRAS, were all classified as being early driver genes being mutated in both adenomas and carcinomas. Classifying genes as potential early and late driver events points to candidate genes that may help dissect pathways involved in both tumor initiation and progression.
Magmatism and Cu–Au–Mo mineralization of the Darbut tectono‐magmatic zone in West Junggar (Xinjiang), NW China: An updated review
Authors: Duan Fenghao , Li Yongjun , Zhi Qian , Yang Gaoxue , Lai Chun‐Kit , Xiao Hong , Lindagato Philemon , Wan Yu , Ren Yi 
Published: March 2018

The Darbut tectono‐magmatic zone in the West Junggar terrane (NW China) is an important component of the famous Circum‐Balkhash‐West Junggar metallogenic province. In this region, the discovery of some small but high‐quality Cu–Au deposits/prospects indicate substantial exploration potential for large porphyry Cu–Au deposits, for example, those in the neighbouring Kazakhstan. In this contribution, we concluded that the Dulunhe granite and small ore‐bearing granitoids in Baogutu are adakitic petrogenesis, and the Buerkesitai and Tasikuola granites (formed by magma mixing) are well comparable with the Xiaerpu granite. In summary, granitoids with similar petrogenesis and mineralization are distributed on both sides of the Darbut fault zone and show good correlations with the sinistral movement of the latter. We propose that the porphyry Cu–Mo–Au mineralization potential of the small calc‐alkaline I‐type granitic stocks in southern West Junggar region is significantly higher than that of alkaline A‐type large granitic batholiths. Besides, the magma mixing‐derived and adakitic granites have great prospecting potentialities. We argue that the Cu–Mo–Au mineralization in the Darbut tectono‐magmatic zone was originally E‐W trending, and then displaced by the Darbut sinistral strike‐slip faulting, instead of being controlled by NE‐NNE trending faults. The main regional mineralization pattern comprises a northern magmatic‐hydrothermal Au belt (~318 Ma), a middle porphyry Mo belt (~296 Ma), and a southern adakite and magma mixing granite‐related Cu–Au belt (~313 Ma). We infer that the Bieluagaxi Au belt may continue eastward to east of Sartohay.
A predominantly glial origin of axonal ribosomes after nerve injury
Authors: Müller Kerstin , Schnatz Andrea , Schillner Miriam , Woertge Simone , Müller Christina , von Graevenitz Ilse , Waisman Ari , van Minnen Jan , Vogelaar Christina F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAxonal mRNA transport and local protein synthesis are crucial for peripheral axon regeneration. To date, it remains unclear how ribosomes localize to axons. They may be co‐transported with mRNAs or, as suggested by recent studies, transferred from Schwann cells (SC). Here, we generated transgenic “RiboTracker” mice expressing tdTomato‐tagged ribosomal protein L4 in specific cell types when crossed with Cre lines. Two neuronal RiboTracker‐Cre lines displayed extremely low levels of axonal L4‐tdTomato‐positive ribosomes. In contrast, two glial RiboTracker‐Cre lines revealed tagged ribosomes in sciatic nerve (SN) axons with increasing amounts after injury. Furthermore, non‐RiboTracker dorsal root ganglia co‐cultured with L4‐tdTomato‐expressing SCs displayed tagged ribosomes in axons. These data provide unequivocal evidence that SN axons receive ribosomes from SCs upon injury and indicate that glial cells are the main source of axonal ribosomes.
GSEA of mouse and human mitochondriomes reveals fatty acid oxidation in astrocytes
Authors: Eraso‐Pichot Abel , Brasó‐Vives Marina , Golbano Arantxa , Menacho Carmen , Claro Enrique , Galea Elena , Masgrau Roser 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe prevalent view in neuroenergetics is that glucose is the main brain fuel, with neurons being mostly oxidative and astrocytes glycolytic. Evidence supporting that astrocyte mitochondria are functional has been overlooked. Here we sought to determine what is unique about astrocyte mitochondria by performing unbiased statistical comparisons of the mitochondriome in astrocytes and neurons. Using MitoCarta, a compendium of mitochondrial proteins, together with transcriptomes of mouse neurons and astrocytes, we generated cell‐specific databases of nuclear genes encoding for mitochondrion proteins, ranked according to relative expression. Standard and in‐house Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) of five mouse transcriptomes revealed that genes encoding for enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and amino acid catabolism are consistently more expressed in astrocytes than in neurons. FAO and oxidative‐metabolism‐related genes are also up‐regulated in human cortical astrocytes versus the whole cortex, and in adult astrocytes versus fetal astrocytes. We thus present the first evidence of FAO in human astrocytes. Further, as shown in vitro, FAO coexists with glycolysis in astrocytes and is inhibited by glutamate. Altogether, these analyses provide arguments against the glucose‐centered view of energy metabolism in astrocytes and reveal mitochondria as specialized organelles in these cells.
Reward learning impairment and avoidance and rumination responses at the end of Engage therapy of late‐life depression
Authors: Victoria Lindsay W. , Gunning Faith M. , Bress Jennifer N. , Jackson Danielle , Alexopoulos George S. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesThis study examined the association between reward processing, as measured by performance on the probabilistic reversal learning (PRL) task and avoidance/rumination in depressed older adults treated with Engage, a psychotherapy that uses “reward exposure” to increase behavioral activation.MethodsThirty older adults with major depression received 9 weeks of Engage treatment. At baseline and treatment end, the 24‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D) was used to assess depression severity and the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS) to assess behavioral activation and avoidance/rumination. Participants completed the PRL task at baseline and at treatment end. The PRL requires participants to learn stimulus‐reward contingencies through trial and error, and switch strategies when the contingencies unexpectedly change.ResultsAt the end of Engage treatment, the severity of depression was lower (HAM‐D: t(19) = −7.67, P < .001) and behavioral activation was higher (BADS: t(19) = 2.23, P = .02) compared to baseline. Response time following all switches (r(19) = −0.63, P = .003) and error switches (r(19) = −0.57, P = .01) at baseline was negatively associated with the BADS avoidance/rumination subscale score at the end of Engage treatment.ConclusionsImpaired reward learning, evidenced by slower response following all switches and error switches, contributes to avoidant, ruminative behavior at the end of Engage therapy even when depression improves. Understanding reward processing abnormalities of avoidance and rumination may improve the timing and targeting of interventions for these symptoms, whose persistence compromises quality of life and increases the risk of depression relapse.
Patterns of carer distress over time in mild dementia
Authors: Svendsboe Ellen J. , Testad Ingelin , Terum Toril , Jörg Assmus , Corbett Anne , Aarsland Dag , Rongve Arvid 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo study the level of carer reported distress in mild dementia, over a 3‐year period.MethodsThis study is part of the Norwegian DemVest‐study and utilises data from carers of people with mild dementia (n = 223). Those diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n = 63) and Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 97) were included together with other dementia types (n = 63). The Relatives' Stress Scale was used to assess the level of reported distress in carers. Descriptive and a linear mixed effects models including diagnosis, time, and the interaction between time and diagnosis were performed.ResultsCarer distress in mild dementia increased significantly over time (P = 0.011), particularly from baseline until 2 (P = 0.001) years follow‐up. Carer distress in people caring for those with AD increased significantly, from baseline until 2 (P = 0.047) and 3 (P = 0.019) years follow‐up. Distress in carers of people with DLB was high at baseline and remained relatively stable across the 3‐year period. However, admission to a nursing home during the first year of follow‐up was associated with a significantly lower reported carer distress in those caring for a person with DLB (P = 0.002), compared with those caring for a person with DLB living at home.ConclusionBeing a carer to a person with mild dementia is associated with increasing distress. However, the burden of distress changes with the diagnosis, time, and situation, which highlights the dynamic nature of the caring role. Findings have important implications for health services for people diagnosed with mild dementia and their carers.
Semantically defined subdomains of functional neuroimaging literature and their corresponding brain regions
Authors: Alhazmi Fahd H. , Beaton Derek , Abdi Hervé 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe functional neuroimaging literature has become increasingly complex and thus difficult to navigate. This complexity arises from the rate at which new studies are published and from the terminology that varies widely from study‐to‐study and even more so from discipline‐to‐discipline. One way to investigate and manage this problem is to build a “semantic space” that maps the different vocabulary used in functional neuroimaging literature. Such a semantic space will also help identify the primary research domains of neuroimaging and their most commonly reported brain regions. In this work, we analyzed the multivariate semantic structure of abstracts in Neurosynth and found that there are six primary domains of the functional neuroimaging literature, each with their own preferred reported brain regions. Our analyses also highlight possible semantic sources of reported brain regions within and across domains because some research topics (e.g., memory disorders, substance use disorder) use heterogeneous terminology. Furthermore, we highlight the growth and decline of the primary domains over time. Finally, we note that our techniques and results form the basis of a “recommendation engine” that could help readers better navigate the neuroimaging literature.