bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A remark on the stability of the HIE‐FDTD implementation of graphene dispersion based on the flux density D‐E and the current density J‐E constitutive relations
Authors: Ramadan Omar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecently, the stability of the hybrid implicit‐explicit finite difference time domain (HIE‐FDTD) implementation of graphene dispersion, based on the current density J‐E constitutive relation, has been studied by N. Xu, J. Chen, and J. Wang (Int J Numer Model. 2018; e2536). It has been shown that the introduced J‐E implementation retains the standard HIE‐FDTD stability constraint. In their study, it is also reported that the stability stringent of the flux density D‐E HIE‐FDTD implementation, which was found in a previous study, is due the derivations of the field's updating equations. In this communication, it is shown that by using the bilinear
‐transformation technique, the stability of the D‐E HIE‐FDTD implementation can also lead to the standard HIE‐FDTD stability constraint. Therefore, the stability limitation of the HIE‐FDTD implementation of the graphene dispersion does not based on the constitutive relation being used but on the employed discretization methodology. Finally, a three‐dimensional (3‐D) numerical test that investigates the graphene layer transmission coefficient is included to validate the accuracy of the given implementation.
Influence of virtual objects' shadows and lighting coherence on distance perception in optical see‐through augmented reality
Authors: Gao Yuan , Peillard Etienne , Normand Jean‐Marie , Moreau Guillaume , Liu Yue , Wang Yongtian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on how virtual objects' shadows as well as differences in alignment between virtual and real lighting influence distance perception in optical see‐through (OST) augmented reality (AR). Four hypotheses are proposed: (H1) Participants underestimate distances in OST AR; (H2) Virtual objects' shadows improve distance judgment accuracy in OST AR; (H3) Shadows with different realism levels have different influence on distance perception in OST AR; (H4) Different levels of lighting misalignment between real and virtual lights have different influence on distance perception in OST AR scenes. Two experiments were designed with an OST head mounted display (HMD), the Microsoft HoloLens. Participants had to match the position of a virtual object displayed in the OST‐HMD with a real target. Distance judgment accuracy was recorded under the different shadows and lighting conditions. The results validate hypotheses H2 and H4 but surprisingly showed no impact of the shape of virtual shadows on distance judgment accuracy thus rejecting hypothesis H3. Regarding hypothesis H1, we detected a trend toward underestimation; given the high variance of the data, more experiments are needed to confirm this result. Moreover, the study also reveals that perceived distance errors and completion time of trials increase along with targets' distance.
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Hybrid Polymers: Well‐Defined Architectural Design and Potential Functional Applications
Authors: Chen Fang , Lin Feng , Zhang Qi , Cai Rong , Wu Yadong , Ma Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)‐hybrid polymers have been successfully employed as functional inorganic–organic hybrid materials for various applications due to their well‐determined structures. The past 6 years has witnessed growing interest in the rational design and synthetic approaches for POSS‐hybrid polymers, driven by the adoption of controlled living radial polymerization and click chemistry. This review addresses developments in the precise manipulation of POSS building blocks via atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer, and click chemistry. Not only are the structures of POSS‐hybrid polymers tunable in terms of chemical composition, molecular weight, and polydispersity, but they are also controllable in sequential and hierarchical chain topology. Finally, some representative cutting‐edge applications of POSS‐hybrid polymers, including biomedical and energy‐related materials, fabrication of nanostructures, and functional surface coating materials, are highlighted.
ARID1A‐SIN3A drives retinoic acid‐induced neuroblastoma differentiation by transcriptional repression of TERT
Authors: Bui Chi‐Bao , Le Hoa Kim , Vu Diem My , Truong Kieu‐Diem Dinh , Nguyen Nhat Manh , Ho Minh Anh Nguyen , Truong Dinh Quang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAggressive, high‐risk neuroblastoma (NB) exhibits an immature differentiation state, profound epigenetic dysregulation and high telomerase activity. It has been suggested that aggressive NB may be treatable by inducing differentiation whereas therapeutic targeting of telomerase is under investigation for multiple cancer types. While epigenetic regulation of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter has been described in high‐risk NB, the exact molecular mechanisms are still not completely understood. Here we used quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR, quantitative telomeric repeat amplification protocol, and immunoblot techniques to investigate epigenetic regulation of TERT in wild‐type and genetically modified NB cell lines. We demonstrated that TERT expression is reduced during 13‐cis retinoic acid‐induced NB differentiation and that this inversely correlated with increased expression of AT‐rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A), a subunit of the SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable chromatin remodeling complex. We showed that ARID1A directly caused suppression of TERT and was reliant on DNA binding and co‐occupancy of the TERT promoter by the SIN3 transcription regulator family member A (SIN3A) repressor complex allowing NB differentiation to proceed. Finally, using data from NB patient cohorts, we reported a significant correlation between low ARID1A expression, elevated expression of TERT, and poorly differentiated, high‐risk NB. These results provide insights into a key epigenetic pathway responsible for modulating TERT‐driven NB progression, which could represent a target for therapeutic intervention.
Molecular investigation in Chinese patients with primary carnitine deficiency
Authors: Zhang Yanghui , Li Haoxian , Liu Jing , Yan Huiming , Liu Qin , Wei Xianda , Xi Hui , Jia Zhengjun , Wu Lingqian , Wang Hua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrimary carnitine deficiency (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of carnitine transportation caused by mutations in the SLC22A5 that lead to low serum carnitine levels and decreased intracellular carnitine accumulation. Characteristic clinical findings are hypoketotic hypoglycemia and skeletal and cardiac myopathy.ObjectiveTo genetically diagnose 24 unrelated Chinese patients with PCD, including 18 infants and six adults.MethodsThe entire coding region and the intron–exon boundaries of SLC22A5 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In silico analyses and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) were used to predict variants’ impact on protein structure and function.ResultsDisease‐causing variants in the SLC22A5 were identified in all 24 subjects, and c.288delG, c.495C>A, c.774_775insTCG, c.824+1G>A, and c.1418G>T were novel. The novel variant c.824+1G>A caused a truncated protein p.Phe276Tyrfs*8.ConclusionsWe identified 13 variants in the SLC22A5 in 24 PCD patients, and five of these variants are novel mutations. c.824+1G>A was confirmed to alter mRNA splicing by reverse transcription PCR. Furthermore, our findings broaden the mutation spectrum of SLC22A5 and the understanding of the diverse and variable effects of PCD variants.
External monitoring and returns to hedge fund activist campaigns
Authors: Flugum Ryan , Souther Matthew E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFirms targeted by hedge fund activists experience significantly higher returns when there are fewer external monitors in place at the target firm. Using analyst coverage and institutional ownership as measures of external monitoring presence, we find that low‐monitored activist targets experience abnormal returns 17.52% above that of high‐monitored targets in the 2‐year period following the initial campaign start date. The significant effect of external monitoring remains after controlling for target firm and activist characteristics. We also document improved operating performance and an increased monitoring presence at low‐monitored target firms across the same 2‐year period, consistent with the observed market performance.
Illuminating political clarity in culturally relevant science instruction
Authors: Madkins Tia C. , McKinney de Royston Maxine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFailure to improve achievement in K‐12 science for racially minoritized students and students living in poverty continues to challenge the inclusionary rhetoric ofscience for all. Science education researchers, teacher educators, and educators must consider the racialized and classed inequalities that continue to limit students’ opportunities to learn. To achieve this, we must be able to conceptualize sociopolitical pedagogical approaches and learn from empirical examples of science teachers who consciously attend to their students’ realities in empowering rather than deficit‐oriented ways. We argue for the importance of utilizing culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) and attending to and theorizing an educator's sociopolitical consciousness and enactments of political clarity in science instruction. Our analysis highlights how an African American male science teacher responds to his middle school students’ realities and identities as African American youth and children growing up contexts with limited economic resources. Through classroom observations and interviews with the teacher, we nuance our understanding ofsociopolitical consciousness, the third tenet of CRP, as reliant upon a teacher's political clarity and examine how, through instruction, science teachers can position students and their realities as consonant with knowing and doing science and being scientists.
Reintroducing public actors in entrepreneurial dynamics: A co‐evolutionary approach to categorization
Authors: Demil Benoît 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryCategories are important cognitive and social interfaces for entrepreneurs and new ventures. However, the categories forged by the state and public agencies have been largely overlooked by the literature. A historical narrative explores the categorization process to register French mail order companies in an administrative nomenclature. This categorization performs reality by providing legality to a new population and by producing enduring social boundaries. Moreover, the historical reasoning enables to assimilate the emergence of a new category with a co‐evolutionary process, avoiding the reification of categories by considering multilevel interactions. Finally, our narrative highlights the need to consider the interests of entrepreneurs and public actors symmetrically.Managerial SummaryHow do the state and public agencies categorize new activities? Such categorization can have substantial consequences for entrepreneurs in terms of subsidies, regulation, or control. A historical narrative is built to trace the emergence of the French mail order category in a public nomenclature. This narrative suggests that the categorization results from the convergence of three evolutions over time: a growing interest of public policy in retailing; the development of the French statistical apparatus after world war II (WWII); and the collective entrepreneurship of the mail order companies. Entrepreneurs should consequently dedicate attention to the tools for recording economic activity, be aware of windows of opportunity occurring in the categorization process and eventually take action to influence the way they are categorized.
The problematic history of the name Carex elata All. (Cyperaceae) and its neotypification
Authors: Jiménez‐Mejías Pedro , Martinetto Edoardo , Soldano Adriano , Dorr Laurence J. 
Published: July 2019

Carex elata All. is a well‐known species widely distributed in western Eurasia. The name C. elata All. is the oldest name applied to the species of concern, but it was abandoned for C. stricta Gooden soon after publication. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, different authors dismissed C. stricta Gooden. as a later homonym of C. stricta Lam. and simultaneously resurrected C. elata All. We discuss usage of the name C. elata and propose a neotype to fix its current application.
Water and wealth in medieval Sicily: The case of the Admiral's Bridge and Arab‐Norman Palermo (10th–13th centuries)
Authors: Jäckh Theresa 
Published: July 2019

The Muslim capture of Palermo in 831 transformed a small Byzantine outpost into the capital of Islamic Sicily and a Mediterranean metropolis. Central to this urban growth was Palermo's role as an agricultural and trading hub: the city's geophysical situation on the north‐western shores of Sicily linked it with a fertile plane where rivers flowed north into the Tyrrhenian Sea. Throughout the medieval period, Palermo's dependence on this area's water resources made questions of water use and management a key concern in the medieval city. However, there has been little scholarly debate about such issues. With an eye to recent archeological studies concerning the Oreto districts, this article will explore such dynamics by analyzing an important piece of architecture which crosses the Oreto river: the so‐called Bridge of the Admiral. This bridge was recently made a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is considered one of the most significant works of medieval Mediterranean engineering. Until now, research has concentrated on questions of its date and commissioning: scholarship has largely assumed that it was constructed in 1132 by George of Antioch, the admiral of King Roger II. However, as this article will demonstrate, there is little evidence to support this conclusion. This study will approach the debate by analyzing the spatial setting of the bridge. In so doing, it will be shown how an investigation of the bridge's toponym and topography can elucidate details concerning both the bridge's commissioning and the institutional relationship between the Oreto area and the city of Palermo.This article is categorized under:Human Water> Water as Imagined and RepresentedHuman Water> Water Governance
Understanding crime scene examination through an ethnographic lens
Authors: Wyatt David , Wilson‐Kovacs Dana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEthnographic methods offer huge potential in better understanding the professional profile, skills, expertise and working practices of the crime scene examiner (CSE). However, to date, their use to study the CSE has been limited. We draw on our research on the CSE within England and Wales and studies from other settings to demonstrate some of the complex negotiations and everyday practices that take place in the performance of crime scene examination. We focus specifically on their training, activities and role, and what an ethnographic lens adds to existing knowledge on the processes and practices of completing crime scene examination work.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation > Crime Scene Examination
Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation > Education and Formation
Mapping spheroid rotation modes in turbulent channel flow: effects of shear, turbulence and particle inertia
Authors: Zhao Lihao , Challabotla Niranjan R. , Andersson Helge I. , Variano Evan A. 
Published: July 2019

The rotational behaviour of non-spherical particles in turbulent channel flow is studied by Lagrangian tracking of spheroidal point particles in a directly simulated flow. The focus is on the complex rotation modes of the spheroidal particles, in which the back reaction on the flow field is ignored. This study is a sequel to the letter by Zhao et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 115, 2015, 244501), in which only selected results in the near-wall buffer region and the almost-isotropic channel centre were presented. Now, particle dynamics all across the channel is explored to provide a complete picture of the orientational and rotational behaviour with consideration of the effects of particle aspect ratio ranging from 0.1 to 10 and particle Stokes number from 0 (inertialess) to 30. The rotational dynamics in the innermost part of the logarithmic wall layer is particularly complex and affected not only by modest mean shear, but also by particle inertia and turbulent vorticity. While inertial disks exhibit modest preferential orientation in either the wall-normal or cross-stream direction, inertial rods show neither preferential tumbling nor spinning. Examination of the co-variances between particle orientation, particle rotation and fluid rotation vectors explains the qualitatively different ‘wall mode’ rotation and ‘centre mode’ rotation. Inertialess spheroids transition between the two modes within a narrow zone ($15<z^{+}<35$) in the buffer region. If the spheroids have inertia, the transition zone between the two modes shifts to the inner part of the logarithmic layer, i.e. $z^{+}\geqslant 40$. We ascribe the transition of inertialess spheroids from the ‘wall mode’ to the ‘centre mode’ rotation to the changeover between the time scales associated with mean shear and small-scale turbulence. Inertial spheroids, however, transition between the two rotational modes when the Kolmogorov time scale becomes comparable to the time scale for particle rotation, i.e. the effective Stokes number is of order unity. The aforementioned findings reveal, in addition to the effects of particle shape and alignment, the importance of the characteristic local time scale of fluid flow for the rotation of both tracer and inertial spheroids in turbulent channel flows.
Establishing an effective dose for chronic intracerebroventricular administration of clozapine in mice
Authors: Esen-Sehir Dilhan , Courtney Michael J. , Bittner Robert A. , Reif Andreas , Freudenberg Florian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:Despite its numerous side effects, clozapine is still the most effective antipsychotics making it an ideal reference substance to validate the efficacy of novel compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, blood–brain barrier permeability for most new molecular entities is unknown, requiring central delivery. Thus, we performed a dose-finding study for chronic intracerebroventricular (icv) delivery of clozapine in mice.Methods:Specifically, we implanted wild-type C57BL/6J mice with osmotic minipumps (Alzet) delivering clozapine at a rate of 0.15 µl/h at different concentrations (0, 3.5, 7 and 14 mg/ml, i.e. 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/day). Mice were tested weekly in a modified SHIRPA paradigm, for locomotor activity in the open field and for prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR) for a period of 3 weeks.Results:None of the clozapine concentrations caused neurological deficits or evident gross behavioural alterations in the SHIRPA paradigm. In male mice, clozapine had no significant effect on locomotor activity or PPI of the ASR. In female mice, the 7 and 14 mg/ml dose of clozapine significantly affected both open field activity and PPI, while 3.5 mg/ml of clozapine increased PPI but had no effects on locomotor activity.Conclusion:Our findings indicate that 7 mg/ml may be the optimal dose for chronic icv delivery of clozapine in mice, allowing comparison to screen for novel antipsychotic compounds.
Host food quality and quantity differentially affect Ascogregarina barretti parasite burden, development and within-host competition in the mosquito Aedes triseriatus
Authors: Westby Katie M. , Sweetman Brenden M. , Adalsteinsson Solny A. , Biro Elizabeth G. , Medley Kim A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHost condition depends in large part on the quality and quantity of available food and heavily influences the outcome of parasite infection. Although parasite fitness traits such as growth rate and size may depend on host condition, whether host food quality or quantity is more important to parasite fitness and within-host interactions is poorly understood. We provided individual mosquito hosts with a standard dose of a gregarine parasite and reared mosquitoes on two food types of different quality and two quantities. We measured host size, total parasite count and area, and average size of parasites within each treatment. Food quality significantly influenced the number of parasites in a host; hosts fed a low-quality diet were infected with more parasites than those provided a high-quality diet. In addition, we found evidence of within-host competition; there was a negative relationship between parasite size and count though this relationship was dependent on host food quality. Host food quantity significantly affected total parasite area and parasite size; lower food quantity resulted in smaller parasites and reduced overall parasite area inside the host. Thus both food quality and quantity have the potential to influence parasite fitness and population dynamics.
Sentence embeddings in NLI with iterative refinement encoders
Authors: Talman Aarne , Yli-Jyrä Anssi , Tiedemann Jörg 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSentence-level representations are necessary for various natural language processing tasks. Recurrent neural networks have proven to be very effective in learning distributed representations and can be trained efficiently on natural language inference tasks. We build on top of one such model and propose a hierarchy of bidirectional LSTM and max pooling layers that implements an iterative refinement strategy and yields state of the art results on the SciTail dataset as well as strong results for Stanford Natural Language Inference and Multi-Genre Natural Language Inference. We can show that the sentence embeddings learned in this way can be utilized in a wide variety of transfer learning tasks, outperforming InferSent on 7 out of 10 and SkipThought on 8 out of 9 SentEval sentence embedding evaluation tasks. Furthermore, our model beats the InferSent model in 8 out of 10 recently published SentEval probing tasks designed to evaluate sentence embeddings’ ability to capture some of the important linguistic properties of sentences.