bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solubility of metal oxide nanomaterials: cautionary notes on sample preparation
Authors: Avramescu M-L , Chénier M , Gardner H D , Rasmussen P E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eight metal oxides were obtained to investigate the dissolution behaviour of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) dispersed in biologically relevant media. Identities of the metal oxide compounds, and their crystal form and size were checked using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Methods for sonication of metal oxide nanoparticles were optimized to achieve stable stock dispersions, and methods for separation of dissolved metal ions from dispersed nanoparticles were evaluated. The results of the optimization experiments showed that each metal oxide ENM required a different combination of sonication time and power (% amplitude). Optimized values for delivered sonication energy (J/mL) ranged from 24 for CuO to 833 for ɣ-Al2O3. Centrifugation at 20000G was found to be more effective and less prone to artefacts than using commercially available ultrafiltration devices for separation of dissolved metal fraction, under these experimental conditions. XRD results indicated that the composition of two metal oxide nanopowders (Mn2O3 and Fe2O3) did not meet the manufacturers’ claims, underscoring the importance of double-checking physical-chemical properties of commercial ENMs purchased for research.
Exposure to graphene in a pilot production plant
Authors: Vaquero C. , Wendelbo R. , Egizabal A. , Gutierrez-Cañas C. , López de Ipiña J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Workers exposure to graphene was measured in a pilot production plant. Reduced graphene oxide was produced through graphite oxidation and posterior thermal reduction. The monitoring was performed using two handheld on-line devices covering the particle size range from 10 nm to 10 μm (CPC3007 and OPS3330). Simultaneously, personal and area filter samples were collected for off line analysis, including gravimetric, elemental carbon analysis and SEM/EDX. Significant releases of particles were identified in two tasks, during the graphene oxide washing, and during its milling. However, the analysis of the particles size distribution and of their morphology suggested that the released particles were not the target nanomaterial but engine generated nanoparticles. The mass of elemental carbon in the collected filters was below the quantification limit and the calculated graphene mass concentrations were quite below the selected reference exposure limit. Overall, this work showed that worker exposure to graphene was low in this pilot plant, contributing to guarantee a safe process, prior to its industrialization.
New Therapeutic Perspective for Bladder Cancer in Dogs: Toxicological and Clinical Effects of OncoTherad Nanostructured Immunotherapy
Authors: Böckelmann P K , Tizziani S H S , Durán N , Fávaro W J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) comprehends around 2% of all spontaneously occurring cancers in dogs. BC treatment remains a challenge since recurrence and progression of the disease, as well as the pronounced side effects associated to the available therapeutic modalities are present. In this scenario, a new perspective is represented by OncoTherad nanostructured immunomodulator. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize and to evaluate the efficacy and possible toxicological effects of OncoTherad intravesical immunotherapy in 6 dogs with BC. Our results demonstrated that before the first instillation of OncoTherad, all dogs presented irregular tumor mass, mixed echogenicity, and hyperechoic echotexture, with a mean tumor volume of 9.38 cm3. After 6 instillations of OncoTherad, the tumor mass reduced 62.34% of its volume in relation to the initial ultrasound. At the end of 24 instillations, the tumor mass reduced 84.54% of its volume. Hematuria was decreased throughout OncoTherad treatment, disappearing on average after the eighteenth application and not returning after the last application. OncoTherad treatment showed no signs of systemic toxicity at the proposed therapeutic dose. In conclusion, OncoTherad intravesical immunotherapy seems a safe and effective treatment option for spontaneous canine bladder cancer and may provide benefit for preventing tumor recurrence.
Analysis of Genetic Variation Among Cowpea Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Populations Evidenced from Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Sequences
Authors: Rattanawannee Atsalek , Wongsa Kanyanat , Duangphakdee Orawan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) or cowpea aphid is a polyphagous insect pest that feeds on a variety of leguminous plants. We determined the contribution of host-associated genetic differentiation on population structure using the sequence data generated from analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b oxidase (Cytb) and nuclear elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1-alpha) of A. craccivora collected from cultivated yardlong bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) H. Ohashi.] (Fabales: Fabaceae) and winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) D.C.] (Fabales: Fabaceae). Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses revealed no evidence of strong host plant or geographical clustering in both the mitochondrial and nuclear gene dataset. A moderate, low-magnitude genetic distance (FST) between host plants and geographical localities was found in this study. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that host plant and geography do not influence the structure of genetic variation in A. craccivora populations. Genetic variation between host plants at a location and host plants among locations demonstrated no consistent result for population subdivision of A. craccivora. These results suggest that geographical location and host plants do not significantly influence the genetic structure of A. craccivora, and this might be due to their high reproductive (parthenogenesis) ability and high migration (airborne) between host plants and regions of the country.
Deleterious mtDNA mutations are common in mature oocytes
Authors: Ma Hong , Hayama Tomonari , Van Dyken Crystal , Darby Hayley , Koski Amy , Lee Yeonmi , Gutierrez Nuria Marti , Yamada Satsuki , Li Ying , Andrews Michael , Ahmed Riffat , Liang Dan , Gonmanee Thanasup , Kang Eunju , Nasser Mohammed , Kempton Beth , Brigande John , McGill Trevor J , Terzic Andre , Amato Paula , Mitalipov Shoukhrat 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Heritable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are common, yet only a few recurring pathogenic mtDNA variants account for the majority of known familial cases in humans. Purifying selection in the female germline is thought to be responsible for the elimination of most harmful mtDNA mutations during oogenesis. Here we show that deleterious mtDNA mutations are abundant in ovulated mature mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos recovered from PolG mutator females but not in their live offspring. This implies that purifying selection acts not in the maternal germline per se, but during post-implantation development. We further show that oocyte mtDNA mutations can be captured and stably maintained in embryonic stem cells and then reintroduced into chimeras, thereby allowing examination of the effects of specific mutations on fetal and postnatal development.
Is the European Health Interview Survey online yet? Response and net sample composition of a web-based data collection
Authors: Braekman Elise , Charafeddine Rana , Demarest Stefaan , Drieskens Sabine , Tafforeau Jean , Van der Heyden Johan , Van Hal Guido 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) provides cross-national data on health status, health care and health determinants. So far, 10 of the 30 member states (MS) opted for web-based questionnaires within mixed-mode designs but none used it as the sole mode. In the context of future EHIS, the response rate and net sample composition of a web-only approach was tested.MethodsA Belgian study with a target sample size of 1000 (age: 16–85) was organized using the EHIS wave 3 model questionnaire. The sample was selected according to a multistage, clustered sampling procedure with geographical stratification. Field substitution was applied; non-participating households were replaced by similar households regarding statistical sector, sex and age. There was one reminder letter and a €10 conditional incentive.ResultsConsidering all substitutions, a 16% response rate was obtained after sending one reminder. Elderly, Brussels Capital inhabitants, people living without a partner and those with a non-Belgian nationality were less responding. By design, there were no differences between the initial and final net sample regarding substitution characteristics. Nevertheless, people living without a partner, non-Belgians and lower educated people remain underrepresented.ConclusionThere was a low response rate, particularly for some population groups. The response rate was lower than those of MS using mixed-mode designs including web, especially these comprising interviewer-based approaches. Despite the long and complex questionnaire, there was a low break off rate. So far, web-only data collection is not an acceptable strategy for population-based health surveys but efforts to increase the response should be further explored.
Long-term environmental impact on object recognition, spatial memory, and reversal learning capabilities in Cacna1c haploinsufficient rats
Authors: Braun Moria D , Kisko Theresa M , Witt Stephanie H , Rietschel Marcella , Schwarting Rainer K W , Wöhr Markus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Genetic and environmental influences are thought to interact in their contribution to the etiology of major neuropsychiatric disorders. One of the best replicated findings obtained in genome-wide association studies are genetic variants in the CACNA1C gene. Here, we used our constitutive heterozygous Cacna1c rat model in combination with a four-week exposure to either post-weaning social isolation, standard housing, or social and physical environmental enrichment during the critical juvenile developmental period to observe their long-term interactive effects with Cacna1c haploinsufficiency. Our study provides evidence for a gene x environment interaction, i.e. an interplay between Cacna1c haploinsufficiency and environment during juvenile development, on object recognition, spatial memory, and reversal learning capabilities. Social and physical enrichment had a positive influence on Cacna1c+/− rats and Cacna1c+/+ littermate controls on spatial and reversal learning, while post-weaning social isolation negatively affected novel object recognition in both genotypes. Despite intact spatial learning and re-learning abilities in all groups, slight but consistent deficits were evident in Cacna1c+/− rats previously housed under standard conditions particularly during reversal learning but not Cacna1c+/− rats previously exposed to social and physical enrichment. Together, this supports the notion that Cacna1c interacts with the environment to shape disease vulnerability and associated alterations in cognitive functioning.
ZBP1 governs the inflammasome-independent IL-1α and neutrophil inflammation that play a dual role in anti-influenza virus immunity
Authors: Momota Masatoshi , Lelliott Patrick , Kubo Atsuko , Kusakabe Takato , Kobiyama Kouji , Kuroda Etsushi , Imai Yumiko , Akira Shizuo , Coban Cevayir , Ishii Ken J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) triggers the infected lung to produce IL-1 and recruit neutrophils. Unlike IL-1β, however, little is known about IL-1α in terms of its mechanism of induction, action and physiological relevance to the host immunity against IAV infection. In particular, whether Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), a key molecule for IAV-induced cell death, is involved in the IL-1α induction, neutrophil infiltration and the physiological outcome has not been elucidated. Here, we show in a murine model that the IAV-induced IL-1α is mediated solely by ZBP1, in an NLRP3-inflammasome-independent manner, and is required for the optimal IL-1β production followed by the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). During IAV infection, ZBP1 displays a dual role in anti-IAV immune responses mediated by neutrophils, resulting in either protective or pathological outcomes in vivo. Thus, ZBP1-mediated IL-1α production is the key initial step of IAV-infected NETs, regulating the duality of the consequent lung inflammation.
TerrestrialMetagenomeDB: a public repository of curated and standardized metadata for terrestrial metagenomes
Authors: Corrêa Felipe Borim , Saraiva João Pedro , Stadler Peter F , da Rocha Ulisses Nunes 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Microbiome studies focused on the genetic potential of microbial communities (metagenomics) became standard within microbial ecology. MG-RAST and the Sequence Read Archive (SRA), the two main metagenome repositories, contain over 202 858 public available metagenomes and this number has increased exponentially. However, mining databases can be challenging due to misannotated, misleading and decentralized data. The main goal of TerrestrialMetagenomeDB is to make it easier for scientists to find terrestrial metagenomes of interest that could be compared with novel datasets in meta-analyses. We defined terrestrial metagenomes as those that do not belong to marine environments. Further, we curated the database using text mining to assign potential descriptive keywords that better contextualize environmental aspects of terrestrial metagenomes, such as biomes and materials. TerrestrialMetagenomeDB release 1.0 includes 15 022 terrestrial metagenomes from SRA and MG-RAST. Together, the downloadable data amounts to 68 Tbp. In total, 199 terrestrial terms were divided into 14 categories. These metagenomes span 83 countries, 30 biomes and 7 main source materials. The TerrestrialMetagenomeDB is publicly available at https://webapp.ufz.de/tmdb.
Characteristics of Paid Malpractice Claims Among Resident Physicians From 2001 to 2015 in the United States
Authors: Glover McKinley , McGee Glen W. , Wilkinson Derek S. , Singh Harnam , Bolick Alexis , Betensky Rebecca A. , Harvey H. Benjamin , Weinstein Debra , Schaffer Adam 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Limited information exists about medical malpractice claims against physicians-in-training. Data on residents’ involvement in malpractice actions may inform perceptions about medicolegal liability and influence clinical decision-making at a formative stage. This study aimed to characterize rates and payment amounts of paid malpractice claims on behalf of resident physicians in the United States.

Method
Using data from the National Practitioner Data Bank, 1,248 paid malpractice claims against resident physicians (interns, residents, and fellows) from 2001 to 2015, representing 1,632,471 residents-years, were analyzed. Temporal trends in overall and specialty-specific paid claim rates, payment amounts, catastrophic (> $1 million) and small (< $100,000) payments, and other claim characteristics were assessed. Payment amounts were compared with attending physicians during the same time period.

Results
The overall paid malpractice claim rate was 0.76 per 1,000 resident-years from 2001 to 2015. Among 1,194 unique residents with paid claims, 95.7% had exactly 1 claim, while 4.3% had 2–4 claims during training. Specialty-specific paid claim rates ranged from 0.12 per 1,000 resident-years (pathology) to 2.96 (obstetrics and gynecology). Overall paid claim rates decreased by 52% from 2001–2005 to 2011–2015 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45, 0.59). Median inflation-adjusted payment amount was $199,024 (2015 dollars), not significantly different from payments made on behalf of attending physicians during the same period. Proportions of catastrophic (11.2%) and small (33.1%) claims did not significantly change over the study period.

Conclusions
From 2001 to 2015, paid malpractice claim rates on behalf of resident physicians decreased by 52%, while median payment amounts were stable. Resident paid claim rates were lower than attending physicians, while payment amounts were similar.
Perceptions of Pressures to Alter or Misrepresent Time Allocation Among Clinician–Researchers With NIH Career Development Awards
Authors: Moniz Michelle H. , Griffith Kent A. , Jones Rochelle D. , Mangurian Christina , Jagsi Reshma 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
National Institutes of Health career development (K) awards mandate specific allocations of effort to research and training. The authors sought to understand pressures perceived by award recipients to change or misrepresent effort, and whether these perceptions differed by gender.

Method
In 2010–2011 and 2014, the authors surveyed K08 and K23 award recipients. Questions evaluated perceived pressure to change or misrepresent time allocation. Multivariable logistic regression modeling of pressure to misrepresent effort evaluated associations with individual and basic job characteristics.

Results
Of the 1,719 faculty in the initial target population, 493 women and 573 men (1,066, 62%) responded at both time points. Most respondents reported feeling pressure to increase time spent on professional activities other than their K award-related research or career development or to decrease time on their K award-related research. The likelihood of perceiving pressure differed significantly by gender: 68% of women vs 55% of men (P < .001). A minority reported perceiving pressure to misrepresent professional time (women, 29%, vs men, 27%, P = .52). Multivariable analysis revealed that pressure to misrepresent professional time was less likely among respondents at institutions with the most extramural funding (P = .02). A significant pairwise interaction between gender and K award type suggested that female K08 awardees had higher odds than male peers of perceiving pressure to misrepresent time.

Conclusions
Most K award recipients reported feeling pressure to do more non-K award-related activities. More than a quarter reported feeling pressure to misrepresent effort. Additional research is needed to evaluate the proportion of academic medical faculty who actually misrepresent professional effort.
Bioactive Adrenomedullin, Organ Support Therapies, and Survival in the Critically Ill: Results from the French and European Outcome Registry in ICU Study
Authors: Lemasle Léa , Blet Alice , Geven Christopher , Cherifa Ményssa , Deniau Benjamin , Hollinger Alexa , Fournier Marie-Céline , Monnet Xavier , Rennuit Isabelle , Darmon Michael , Laterre Pierre-François , Struck Joachim , Hartmann Oliver , Bergmann Andreas , Mebazaa Alexandre , Gayat Etienne 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
Adrenomedullin has vascular properties and elevated plasma adrenomedullin levels were detected in sepsis. We assessed, in septic and nonseptic ICU patients, the relation between circulating adrenomedullin, the need for organ support and mortality, using an assay of bioactive adrenomedullin.

Design:
Prospective multicenter observational cohort study.

Setting:
Data from the French and euRopean Outcome reGistry in ICUs study.

Patients:
Consecutive patients admitted to intensive care with a requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation and/or vasoactive drug support for more than 24 hours following ICU admission and discharged from ICU were included.

Interventions:
Clinical and biological parameters were collected at baseline, including bioactive-adrenomedullin. Status of ICU survivors was assess until 1 year after discharge. The main outcome was the need for organ support, including renal replacement therapy and/or for inotrope(s) and/or vasopressor(s). Secondary endpoints were the ICU length of stay and the 28-day all-cause mortality.

Measurements and Main Results:
Median plasma bioactive adrenomedullin (n = 2,003) was 66.6 pg/mL (34.6–136.4 pg/mL) and the median Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score 49 (36–63). Renal replacement therapy was needed in 23% and inotropes(s) and/or vasopressor(s) in 77% of studied patients. ICU length of stay was 13 days (7–21 d) and mortality at 28 days was 22 %. Elevated bioactive adrenomedullin independently predicted 1) the need for organ support (odds ratio, 4.02; 95% CI, 3.08–5.25) in ICU patients whether admitted for septic or nonseptic causes and 2) the need for renal replacement therapy (odds ratio, 4.89; 3.83–6.28), and for inotrope(s) and/or vasopressor(s) (odds ratio, 3.64; 2.84–4.69), even in patients who were not on those supports at baseline. Elevated bioactive adrenomedullin was also associated with a prolonged length of stay (odds ratio, 1.85; 1.49–2.29) and, after adjustment for Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, with mortality (odds ratio, 2.31; 1.83–2.92).

Conclusions:
Early measurement of bioactive adrenomedullin is a strong predictor of the need of organ support and of short-term mortality in critically ill patients.
Integrating Fat Graft with Blepharoplasty to Rejuvenate the Asian Periorbita
Authors: Larsson Juan C. , Chen Tai-Yuan , Lao William W. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Contemporary periorbital rejuvenation is undergoing a paradigm shift to an approach that prioritizes volume preservation and/or augmentation. However, the technical difficulties of using traditional fat grafting techniques in this area and the distinct ethnic features make periorbital rejuvenation in Asians especially challenging. Here, the authors present their approach to enhance the periorbita and outcomes.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed for 33 consecutive patients who underwent microautologous fat transplantation (MAFT) to the periorbita using the MAFT gun device combined with excisional blepharoplasty. Additionally, preoperative and postoperative photographs were analyzed by external evaluators to grade the aesthetic outcomes and fat resorption rates.

Results:
Three months after surgery, patients looked on average 5.4 ± 3.4 years younger, and the aesthetic result was graded 7.4 ± 2 in a one-to-ten scale. The fat resorption rate was 19.6% ± 3.5% at 3 months and 32.2% ± 3.9% after 12 months (range: 12–24 months; P = 0.007). The overall morbidity rate was 12% (4 patients), including 1 visible lump (3%), an overcorrection case (3%) in the lower eyelid, and 2 palpable lumps in the upper eyelid (6%) which were not visible. One case of lower eyelid hollowness required secondary fat grafting.

Conclusions:
Traditional blepharoplasty procedures can be combined with fat grafting techniques to address volume loss and tissue descend while keeping ethnic identity. A fat injection device like the MAFT gun is safe and effective and provides long-term predictable outcomes for fat grafting around the periorbital thin skin.