bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ride Dynamics
Authors: Limebeer David J. N. , Massaro Matteo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChapter 6 dealswith road surfacemodelling and vehicle suspension systems, and their ride dynamics. A wide variety of car and motorcycle suspension configurations are now available. While most of these systems appear ‘very different’ from each other, many of their important properties can be analysed within a common ride-dynamics framework.The chapter begins with an analysis of the simple two-degree-of-freedom single-wheel-station (quarter-car) model.The validity of this model is discussed, and several of its properties studied, including its mode shapes, its invariant equation and the associated interpolation constraints, its frequency response characteristics, its design compromises, and its suspension component-value optimization.The singletrack suspensionmodel that can be used formotorcycles, and single-track carmodels, is then discussed, while in the last part of the chapter a full-vehicle suspension model is considered. The chapter finishes with some introductory remarks relating to suspension synthesis from a passive circuit-theoretic perspective.
Advanced Vehicle Modelling
Authors: Limebeer David J. N. , Massaro Matteo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to discuss some of themodelling techniques used to replicate the important features of bicycle, car, motorcycle, and driver dynamics. These more ‘advanced’ vehicle models will include a number of features that were neglected in models described in Chapters 4 and 5, including suspensions with anti-dive and/or anti-squat geometries, environmental influences such as aerodynamic effects, threedimensional road geometries, and tyre models of the type described in Chapter 3.
Moment Inequalities and Gaussian Approximation for Mixing Sequences
Authors: Merlevède Florence , Peligrad Magda , Utev Sergey 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough the “mixing assumption” is nowadays considered as a rather restrictive condition, it is a powerful tool, which possesses strong properties such as preservation under functional transform, meaning that any measurable function of a mixing sequence is still mixing. Note that the mixing assumption is still often assumed in econometric literature, often to check the mixingale properties. Also, it is apparent that approximation by Markov chains, or m-dependent variables, has become a powerful tool in the analysis of dynamical systems. Moment inequalities whose upper bounds are expressed in terms of norms of conditional expectations lead to sharp moment inequalities in the case of alpha-dependent sequences or of strong mixing sequences. However, when we consider ρ-mixing and ϕ-mixing sequences, this way does not lead to the optimal moment inequalities and other techniques have to be implemented.
Maximal Moment Inequalities for Weakly Negatively Dependent Variables
Authors: Merlevède Florence , Peligrad Magda , Utev Sergey 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to prove Khintchine–Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund or Rosenthal-type moment inequalities for the partial sums or for the maximum of partial sums, in terms of weak dependence coefficients. We start with general probability and moment inequalities for Lipschitz functions of weakly negatively dependent variables. Besides being of interest in themselves, they will be key tools for proving moment inequalities for the partial sums associated with weakly negatively dependent variables. Some parts of this chapter are devoted to the weak law of large numbers, useful to get the convergence of quadratic characteristics such as the quadratic variation and also to obtain an alternative characterization of the notion of weakly negatively dependent vectors.
Random Walk in Random Scenery
Authors: Merlevède Florence , Peligrad Magda , Utev Sergey 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this chapter we investigate the question of central limit behavior and its functional form for the partial sums associated with a centered L2-stationary sequence of real-valued random variables (usually called the random scenery) sampled by a recurrent one-dimensional strongly aperiodic random walk. This question is handled under various conditions dependent on the random scenery. In particular, we assume that the random scenery either satisfies an asymptotic negative dependence condition, or is a function of a determinantal process and a Gaussian sequence, or satisfies a mild projective criterion. We first show that study of central limit behavior for such random walks in random scenery can be handled with results related to linear statistics developed in Chapter 12, provided the random walk has good properties. We then look extensively at the properties of a recurrent one-dimensional strongly aperiodic random walk. The functional form of the central limit theorem is also investigated.
More moduli and coefficients
Authors: Goebel Kazimierz , Prus Stanisław 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe general construction of multi-dimensional Milman’s moduli is described. Two-dimensional moduli are related to uniform convexity and uniform smoothness. The James constant measuring nonsquareness of the ball is discussed. A universal modulus, called also the modulus of squareness, and related both to convexity and smoothness is studied.
Impact of Tax Factors on Chinese FDIs
Authors: Li Na 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The chapter explains that investment treaties are not the only drivers of Chinese foreign direct investments (FDIs). Tax factors also play an important role in impacting foreign direct investment into China (FDIs into China) and Chinese investment to other countries (Chinese outbound investment). This chapter examines the following questions: what are the impacts of tax factors on FDIs? Is the Chinese experience on using tax instruments consistent with these empirical findings? Whether China’s implementation of anti-tax avoidance measures might drive FDIs away from China? What are the tax competition concerns for China? The last section contains a conclusion. This chapter demonstrates that, despite the fact that debates are still ongoing about the impact of tax factors on FDI, Chinese experience shows that tax factors are used extensively by the Chinese government in both attracting FDIs into China as well as relieving tax disadvantages of Chinese outbound investment. Although China’s experience still cannot solve the mystery of whether tax incentives are effective on impacting FDIs, its implementing anti-tax avoidance measures in recent years have disclosed that tax transparency and certainty are important tax factors impacting business decisions. Therefore, China should take further into account the impact of tax factors on business before FDIs are scared away when implementing aggressive anti-tax avoidance measures.
Innovation as a Catalyst in the China–Israel Investment Relationship
Authors: Peled Hadas , Harpaz Marcia Don 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Scientific and technological innovation has played an instrumental role in shaping contemporary China–Israel relations since the reform era in China. Based on a cross-disciplinary approach integrating international political economy and law, the chapter studies how, and why, innovation has shaped the relationship, and in particular, it analyses the implications of an innovation-based relationship, for China–Israel bilateral investment diplomacy. More broadly, the findings, pointing to innovation as an important explanatory variable in the China–Israel investment and trade relationship, can contribute to a better understanding of China’s changing international investment approach. The chapter starts by considering the importance of innovation in the individual development strategies of China and Israel, and their respective innovative ranking, noting China’s achievements in developing its own innovative capacity. The chapter discusses the central role of innovation in the history of China–Israel investment and trade relations. When geopolitical constraints have hindered innovation transfer, bilateral relations have suffered. The 2008 global financial crisis had surprisingly positive repercussions for Chinese–Israeli economic and political relations since it brought innovation to the forefront. Finally, the chapter focuses on three key aspects of innovation as a catalyst in the China–Israel investment relationship: the China–Israel bilateral investment treaty, its shortcomings, and the implications for the free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations; intellectual property rights in the context of the FTA; and the limitations of innovation in the greater geopolitical context. Looking forward, given the above factors, the authors conclude that innovation as a catalyst in bilateral relations is likely to decline.
Towards an Asia-Pacific Regional Investment Regime
Authors: Kawharu Amokura , Nottage Luke 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Many similarities and occasional differences are evident concerning the current approaches of Australia and New Zealand towards investment treaties, including the now politically sensitive issue of investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS). This chapter considers the potential of these two closely integrated countries to influence the future design of investment treaties in the Asia Pacific region, including for the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP or ‘ASEAN+6’ agreement) – the negotiations for which include China. The chapter compares key areas of existing treaties already signed by Australia and New Zealand, as well as apparent positions set out by them in a leaked draft RCEP investment chapter. Given the concerns about US–style treaty drafting displayed recently by Indonesia and India, major economies still negotiating RCEP with Australia and New Zealand (as well as bilateral agreements with the former), the chapter also considers the scope for Australia and New Zealand to promote more pro-state provisions regarding both substantive commitments and procedures such as ISDS, which characterize contemporary preferences of the European Union. The chapter concludes that a transition to a new generation of treaties is likely not only given the evolving preferences of counterparties and local politics, but also because of various policy arguments for dialing back treaty commitments to foreign investors—albeit without eschewing them altogether.
Beware of Chinese Bearing Gifts
Authors: Meunier Sophie 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The exponential growth of Chinese direct investment has been accompanied in some cases by controversy and even resistance, both in developing and in developed economies. Around the world, critics have expressed fears and denounced some of the potential dangers of this investment, such as lowering of local labour standards, hollowing out of industrial core through repatriation of assets, and acquisition of dual use technology. Alarmist media headlines have warned against a Chinese takeover of national economies one controversial investment deal at a time. The ensuing political backlash has often received considerable media attention and increased scrutiny over subsequent deals. What explains the political challenges posed by the spectacular explosion of Chinese direct investment over the past few years in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU)? How and why have attitudes and policies in the West changed over the past decade towards Chinese FDI? This chapter considers two alternative explanations for the political challenges triggered by Chinese investment in Western countries. The first is that Chinese FDI causes political unease because of its novelty. The second is the perception that there is something inherently different about the nature of Chinese FDI and therefore it should not be treated politically like any other foreign investment. These two explanations lead to a different set of predictions for the future of Chinese FDI in Europe and the US. The first section analyses how the novelty of Chinese FDI may pose political challenges to Western politicians and publics and compares the current phenomenon with past instances of political problematic sources of FDI. Section II examines the argument that there is something inherently different about Chinese FDI, notably as stemming from an emerging economy, a unique political system, and a non-ally in the security dimension. The third section explores the domestic political context in which these challenges are raised: in Europe, the euro crisis and the rise of populism; in the US, the focus on geopolitical competition and the rise of economic nationalism. The conclusion raises some implications of these political challenges on the future of Chinese outward investment.
China’s Role and Interest in Central Asia
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The chapter gives an overview of the Chinese investments in the Central Asian states and also provides an in-depth analysis of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (or CPEC). These investments constitute important components of China’s three-pronged investment strategy comprising bilateral, regional, and global tracks. The roads, rails and pipelines not only ensure supply of energy resources from and through these countries but also enable China and these countries to become connected to Europe, Middle East, and Africa through alternative routes. Moreover, linking of these countries through BRI also provides the landlocked Central Asian countries access to open seas. The chapter also discusses the challenges that will have to be addressed to make the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor a success that can be replicated in the other five main corridors.
The International Fraud and Corruption Sanctioning System
Authors: Finder Susan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on an unexplored aspect of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) doing business overseas--the interaction of these companies with the integrity systems implemented by the multi-lateral development banks and development institutions (MDBs), aimed at preventing fraud, corruption, and other abuses in projects undertaken by those institutions. In recent years, many more Chinese companies have begun doing business overseas, encouraged by the ‘Going Out Policy’ and One Belt One Road and have been more actively bidding for MDB projects. For various reasons, some Chinese companies fall foul of the MDBs’ integrity systems. The chapter provides a brief overview of the integrity systems developed the MDBs, focusing on Chinese company interactions with that system, the efforts of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) to integrate with that system, as well as the view of the Chinese government towards this system. It looks at the status of and possible trends in the integration of the Chinese anticorruption regulatory system with the MDB system.
Use of Investor–state against China’s Enforcement of the Anti-Monopoly Law
Authors: Kang Sungjin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Since China introduced the Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) in 2008, China achieved an impressive competition law enforcement field record. However, lawyers and scholars still argue that Chinese competition authorities applied AML disproportionately against foreign companies. Despite the possibility of judicial reviews, many foreign companies still have reservation on the independent of judiciary of China, and they are still reluctant to appeal the decisions before the Chinese courts. In addition, there are some incidents where Chinese competition authorities used the AML to promote its own industrial policy. In this regard, foreign companies are not 100 per cent sure to trust the decisions of the Chinese competition authorities that they apply the AML fairly to safeguard the fair competition between Chinese companies and foreign companies. In this regard, foreign investors are trying to find a system to make sure that they are subject to ‘fair and equitable’ treatment or at least to ‘national treatment’ under the trade agreements between China and its major trading partners. The author is of the view that it is time for the foreign investors in China to consider the ISDS as an option to challenge procedural aspects of the Chinese competition law enforcements. By bringing an AML cases before the ISDS, foreign investors may induce Chinese competition authorities to comply with the due process and fair application of the competition laws, thus safeguarding transparency and predictability of the competition law enforcement of China.
Judging Well
Authors: Gilby Emma 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
When Marin Mersenne reflects upon the 1637 Discours de la méthode, he is anxious about what Descartes teaches us on the subject of flexibility and changing our minds. His worry is that Descartes might be arrogantly suggesting that the human will can tend to the good without the assistance of divine grace. Descartes’s response revolves around the example of Medea, a touchstone for poetic theory in general and the subject of Corneille’s 1635 reworking of Seneca. Subsequent critical comparisons of Corneille and Descartes are re-evaluated in this context, and against the background of the explosion of poetic debate in the quarrel surrounding Corneille’s 1637 Le Cid. This quarrel places the major players in earlier debates about tragicomedy on a very public stage.
Anxiety, Scepticism, and Rule Following
Authors: Egan David 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Heidegger claims that average everyday Dasein is inauthentic: we have a tendency—which Heidegger characterizes as ‘falling’—to disown or fail to acknowledge our own role in constituting the significance of our existence. A pivotal moment in turning us toward our authentic potentiality-for-being-a-self is the mood of anxiety in which we encounter the world as evacuated of significance. In such a mood, we come face to face with the essential open-endedness of our existence, which Heidegger characterizes as uncanny. Heidegger’s dynamic of falling and anxiety finds striking echoes in Wittgenstein’s treatment of rule following and scepticism. The sceptical challenge Wittgenstein confronts with regard to rule following resembles the mood of anxiety in which we are suddenly confronted with the sense that we have no good reason for going on as we have done until now.
Authenticity and the Everyday
Authors: Egan David 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter develops two claims that are central to the argument of the book. First, it articulates a conception of authenticity in Wittgenstein’s later philosophy that echoes the conception we find in Division II of Being and Time. This account builds on the treatment of rule following from the previous chapter and contrasts an ‘authentic’ reading of Wittgenstein with Kripke’s sceptical reading. And second, it argues that, for both Wittgenstein and Heidegger, authenticity is not a liberation from the everyday but rather a clear-sighted embrace of the everyday. Our average everyday existence is inauthentic to the extent that we regard that existence as fixed independent of us. An authentic everydayness, by contrast, acknowledges the uncanniness of our everyday practices, which have no external support or justification beyond our own investment in them.
Revisiting the Origins: The Internet and its Early Governance
Authors: Radu Roxana 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter sets the stage for the long-term analysis of the evolution of the field. In the early days the Internet was a rather homogenous domain, closely linked to computer science and networking experiments. The rules designed for its management were function- and efficiency-driven. Starting in 1983, different forms of governance, combining public and private initiatives, begin to profile, largely around an active community of professionals in the ARPA network. Until the expansion and commercialization of the Internet in the mid-1990s, the predominant governance route was that of standards and protocols making networks interoperable. In a path-dependent trajectory, Internet services remained exempted from regulation.
Enacting Internet Governance: Power and Communities over Time
Authors: Radu Roxana 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 locates authority and agency in Internet governance, disentangling the power dynamics in the field and in the community enacting them. Starting with a longitudinal, comparative perspective of the governance trends identified in previous chapters, it discusses the changing role of Internet companies and influential states in landmark developments post-2015, zooming in on market dynamics, cyber norm debates, and artificial intelligence strategies, including a discussion on developments in China and India. It further analyses community formation patterns in Internet governance, presenting the internal dynamics of decision-making and the perpetuation of core values among newcomers in established groupings. Against the continuous expansion and diversification of the field, this section traces the many continuities that structure a now mature field of power.
Introduction
Authors: Mason Elinor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
There is surely a connection between our deontic concepts, rightness and wrongness, and our responsibility related concepts, praise- and blameworthiness. However, it is not clear what the relationship is. The book aims to shed light on our concepts of rightness and wrongness, praise- and blameworthiness, and praise and blame. This introductory chapter describes the methodology: a sort of reflective equilibrium. Our responsibility practices serve to regulate and rationalize our interpersonal relationships, and we should aim for our concepts to work well in that framework. This is a project in normative responsibility theory: the primary aim is not to give an account of the conditions of agency, but to give an account of what sort of wrong action makes blame fitting.
Excuses
Authors: Mason Elinor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter looks at the sorts of excuse that might apply to the various sorts of wrongdoing. An agent who acts subjectively wrongly could not have a simple excuse of ignorance or lack of control, but it is possible that mitigating factors apply. Mitigating circumstances, like excuses, show that what is really going on is that the agent is not acting as badly as it appears she is. Next, the chapter examines cases of mixed motivations, where an agent is trying hard enough to be acting subjectively rightly, but something goes wrong with her act, not through external bad luck, but through the agent’s own flawed motivations. In such cases the agent is praiseworthy in the ordinary way for trying, but we are bound to react with a species of detached blame to her bad motives. Finally, the chapter considers the role that unfortunate formative circumstances play in reducing blameworthiness.
Is the Citizen-Inclusive State an Agent?
Authors: Lawford-Smith Holly 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 asks whether the citizen-inclusive model described in Chapter 2 meets the conditions for collective agency. A range of theories of collective agency are presented, grouped according to strength: strong accounts, moderate accounts, and weak accounts. After presenting each account, the chapter determines whether the state is likely to count as a collective agent on any of these theories. It also considers the distinction between agency and moral agency, and whether the state can be said to have the latter. The chapter concludes with a more general discussion of whether the citizenry is the kind of group likely to meet strong or moderate conditions, and argues that it is not because it is fundamentally unorganized. The conclusion is that an understanding of the state as the citizenry taken together should be rejected.