bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivalent Crown Ether Receptors Enable Allosteric Regulation of Anion Exchange in an Fe4L6 Tetrahedron
Authors: von Krbek Larissa K. S. , Roberts Derrick A. , Pilgrim Ben S. , Schalley Christoph A. , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe report a strategy for regulating the rate of internally bound anion exchange within an Fe4L6 metal–organic tetrahedron through external coordination of tripodal tris(alkylammonium) cations. The cage features three flexible 18‐crown‐6 receptors at each of its FeII vertices, facilitating strong tritopic interactions with tris(ammonium) cations to “cap” the vertices of the tetrahedron. This capping mechanism restricts the flexibility of the cage framework, thereby reducing the rate of anion exchange within its central cavity by 20‐fold. Thus, we demonstrate the first use of an externally bound multivalent effector to allosterically control internal guest binding in a molecular cage.
Gold‐Catalyzed Double Cycloisomerization of 1‐Ene‐4,10‐diynyl Esters to Bicyclo[6.3.0]undeca‐2,4,9‐trienyl Esters
Authors: Mathiew Mitch , Tan Javey Khiapeng , Chan Philip Wai Hong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA synthetic method to prepare bicyclo[6.3.0]undeca‐2,4,9,trienyl esters efficiently from gold(I)‐catalyzed Rautenstrauch rearrangement/1,5‐hydride shift/8‐endo‐dig cyclization of 1‐ene‐4,10‐diynyl esters is described. The suggested double cycloisomerization mechanism delineates the first example of an unactivated all‐carbon tethered 1,7‐enyne, either preformed or formed in situ, which undergoes an 8‐endo‐dig cyclization pathway to give a cyclooctane motif. It also offers an extremely rare synthetic method in organic chemistry that can sequentially assemble both ring components of the bicyclic motif from an acyclic precursor in one step.
Thermoviscosifying polymers based on polyether prepared from inverse emulsion polymerization
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Sun Gang , Han Peihui , Su Xin , Feng Yujun 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThermoviscosifying polymers are attractive for enhancing oil recovery owing to their exceptional thickening power as temperature increases. However, the polymers reported to date show inadequacies including obligatory high polymer concentration to get the thermothickening ability because of their low molecular weight (MW), and inconvenient post‐treatment due to the high viscosity after manufacturing. To overcome these drawbacks, inverse emulsion polymerization was used here for preparing polyether‐based thermoviscosifying polymers (TVP‐Ps) by grafting acrylic monomers onto triblock copolymers PEO–PPO–PEO. It was found the MW of final products could reach 8 million Daltons, making them thermoviscosifying at 0.2 wt %. The viscosity of polymerized inverse emulsions was as low as 175 mPa·s, leading to direct dispersing. The TVP‐Ps containing Pluronic F127, F108, F68 all exhibited significant thermothickening behaviors in both aqueous solutions and brines, and the critical thermoassociative temperature could be tuned by changing the nature or amount of Pluronics. After aging at 45 °C for 60 days with equal initial viscosity, TVP‐Ps shows 21% higher viscosity retention than the reference polymer without Pluronic, PAMA, and preliminary core flooding test demonstrated TVP‐Ps can get 2.1% higher incremental oil recovery than PAMA. This work paves a new avenue for scaled‐up preparation and potential use of TVP‐Ps. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 134, 46696
The effect of imide substituents on the optical properties of perylene diimide derivatives
Authors: Kong Fan , Lin Mengqi , Qiu Teng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs one of the most important organic semiconductors, perylene diimide derivatives (PDIs) have been widely applied in optoelectronics. Two kinds of soluble PDIs with different imide substituents have been synthesized and their optical properties have been investigated. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the PDI with amino phenyl imide substituents (NH2‐PDI) is much lower than that of the PDI with octyl imide substituents (O‐PDI). It can be found that the Stokes shift of O‐PDI is positive, whereas, the Stokes shift of NH2‐PDI is negative. The emission intensity of the 0–0 electron transition relative to that of the 1–0 electron transition (I0–0/I1–0) in the PL spectrum of O‐PDI is decreased, but the value of I0–0/I1–0 in the PL spectra of NH2‐PDI is increased as the dielectric constant of the solvent increases. The large overlap between the absorption and PL spectra plays an important role to result in the low PL intensity of NH2‐PDI. The PL decay data show that a non‐radiative process, photoinduced electron transfer, also contributes to the low PL intensity of NH2‐PDI. The results can help researchers to understand the effect of the imide substituents on the optical properties of PDIs.
Silico analysis of a novel mutation c.550delT in a Chinese patient with maple syrup urine disease
Authors: Li Wenjie , Meng Xianze , Wang Weiqing , Lv Jinfeng , Sun Yingmei , Lv Yanan , Wang Caijuan , Wang Hongqin , Wang Mei , Song Dongpo 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageTwelve days after birth, the child was admitted to hospital because of “poor response, lethargy, and poor appetite for 6 days” and developed into coma immediately. The ventilator is required. The urine had significant maple syrup odor. After different diagnosis, she was diagnosed with classical maple syrup urine disease.
Flocculant Screening Method at Lab Scale for Application in Disc Stack Centrifuges with Hermetic Design
Authors: Merkel Tobias , Blättler Oliver , Königsson Staffan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChemicals produced using biotechnological methods like fermentation processes are obtained as complex diluted aqueous mixture, which still contains the production organism. Centrifugation is a commonly used technology for biomass separation. By flocculation, the settling velocity of microorganisms can be increased. Here, a laboratory flocculant screening method tailored for the separation of flocculated biomass in a fully hermetic disc stack centrifuge is described. The specific requirements of this process, namely, floc formation, floc stability, sliding behavior in the disc stack, and flowability of the sludge, were transferred to lab scale and validated in pilot tests. The qualitative results of the laboratory screening were in agreement with the processes at industrial scale.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Silver Catalysts in Alkaline Media: a Minireview
Authors: Erikson Heiki , Sarapuu Ave , Tammeveski Kaido 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe development of efficient platinum‐free catalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the main challenges in the fuel cell research. Silver‐based materials are highly active towards ORR in alkaline conditions and recent achievements in improving the performance of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have provoked many scientists to study these catalysts. This minireview is focused on the ORR performance of monometallic Ag catalysts and Ag‐based composites, the electrochemical oxygen reduction behaviour of Ag‐containing alloys is outside the scope of this review. The effect of the morphology of Ag nanostructures on catalysts’ ORR activity and pathway is discussed and the role of the support material is described. The performance of AEMFCs using Ag‐based cathode catalysts is also reviewed.
Na2Ti3O7/C Nanofibers for High‐Rate and Ultralong‐Life Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Nie Su , Liu Li , Li Min , Liu Junfang , Xia Jing , Zhang Yue , Wang Xianyou 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNa2Ti3O7/C nanofibers are successfully synthesized through an electrospinning process followed by hydrothermal treatment. The unique structure of these one‐dimensional nanofibers with two‐dimensional nanosheets on the surface is presumed to significantly shorten the diffusion routes for both electrons and ions. Meanwhile, the carbon matrix with a certain degree of graphitization can dramatically improve the overall conductivity. As a result, the Na2Ti3O7/C nanofiber electrode reveals an impressive electrochemical capability as the anode material of sodium‐ion batteries. It demonstrates a reversible capacity of 110 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at a rate of 1 C. Moreover, with almost no capacity degradation, the discharge capacity of the Na2Ti3O7/C nanofiber electrode remains at 58 mA h g−1 after 1500 cycles at the high rate of 50 C. This superior electrochemical performance places the Na2Ti3O7/C nanofibers as an anode material with great promise for sodium‐ion batteries that could be applied in large‐scale energy storage.
Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials on atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Smer Aiman , Salih Mohsin , Darrat Yousef H. , Saadi Abdulghani , Guddeti Raviteja , Mahfood Haddad Toufik , Kabach Amjad , Ayan Mohamed , Saurav Alok , Abuissa Hussam , Elayi Claude S. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe role of catheter ablation (CA) is increasingly recognized as a reasonable therapeutic option in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF).HypothesisWe aimed to compare CA to medical therapy in AF patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).MethodsWe searched the literature for randomized clinical trials comparing CA to medical therapy in this population.ResultsSix trials with a total of 775 patients were included. AF was persistent in 95% of patients with a mean duration of 18.5 ± 23 months prior enrollment. The mean age was 62.2 ± 7.8 years, mostly males (83%) with mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 31.2 ± 6.7%. Compared to medical therapy, CA has significantly improved LVEF by 5.9% (Mean difference [MD] 5.93, confidence interval [CI] 3.59‐8.27, P < 0.00001, I2 = 87%), quality of life, (MD −9.01, CI −15.56, −2.45, P = 0.007, I2 = 47%), and functional capacity (MD 25.82, CI 5.46‐46.18, P = 0.01, I2 = 90%). CA has less HF hospital readmissions (odds ratio [OR] 0.5, CI 0.32‐0.78, P = 0.002, I2 = 0%) and death from any cause (OR 0.46, CI 0.29‐0.73, P = 0.0009, I2 = 0%). Freedom from AF during follow‐up was higher in patients who had CA (OR 24.2, CI 6.94‐84.41, P < 0.00001, I2 = 81%.ConclusionCA was superior to medical therapy in patients with AF and HFrEF in terms of symptoms, hemodynamic response, and clinical outcomes by reducing AF burden. However, these findings are applicable to the very specific patients enrolled in these trials.
Electrode Edge Effects and the Failure Mechanism of Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Lee Hongkyung , Chen Shuru , Ren Xiaodi , Martinez Abraham , Shutthanandan Vaithiyalingam , Vijayakumar Murugesan , Han Kee Sung , Li Qiuyan , Liu Jun , Xu Wu , Zhang Ji‐Guang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe very high specific capacity of Li metal makes it an ideal anode for high‐energy batteries. However, Li dendrite growth and the formation of isolated (or “dead”) Li during repeated Li plating/stripping processes leads to a low coulombic efficiency (CE). In this work, we discovered, for the first time, that electrode edge effects play an important role in the failure of Li‐metal batteries. The dead Li formed on the edge of Cu substrate was systematically investigated through SEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and 2D X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To minimize the Li loss at the edge of the Cu exposed to pressure‐free space, a modified Li∥Cu cell configuration with a Cu electrode smaller than Li metal is preferred. It was clearly demonstrated that using an electrode configuration with a minimal open space or pressure‐free space across electrodes can reduce accumulation of dead Li during cycling and increase Li CE. This phenomenon was also verified in Li‐metal batteries (Li∥LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2) and should be considered in the design of practical Li‐metal batteries.
The importance of green spaces to public health: a multi‐continental analysis
Authors: Amano Tatsuya , Butt Isabel , Peh Kelvin S.‐H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs green spaces are a common feature of liveable cities, a detailed understanding of the benefits provided by these areas is essential. Although green spaces are regarded as a major contribution to the human well‐being in urbanized areas, current research has largely focused on the cities in developed countries and their global importance in terms of public health benefits remains unclear. In this study, we performed a multiple linear regression using 34 cities in different regions across the globe to investigate the relationship between green spaces and public health. Our analysis suggested that for richer cities, green spaces were associated with better public health; whereas a greater area of green spaces was associated with reduced public health in the poorest cities. In contrast to previous studies, which typically found positive relationships between green spaces and health benefits, we demonstrate that health benefits of green spaces could be context dependent.
Incubation temperature and parental identity determine sex in the Australian agamid lizard Ctenophorus pictus
Authors: Hansson Alexander , Olsson Mats 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSex determination in Australian agamid lizards shows a complex framework of different mechanisms, varying even among closely related taxa. It is clear that discrete classification of these species as either having genetic (GSD) or environmental sex determination (ESD) does not agree with empirical data. Although many species in this group show temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD), recent evidence suggests additional genetic or epigenetic effects. A proposed model explaining the adaptive significance and evolution of TSD in short‐lived agamids predicts that selection will favor temperature‐biased sex ratios in species with intense male‐male competition. Here, we use experimental incubation at (near) constant temperatures to test whether the sex of Australian painted dragons (Ctenophorus pictus) is influenced by temperature, building on previous research yet to have reached an agreement regarding the role of temperature in this species. In this study, incubation temperature and parental identity affected hatchling sex suggesting that environment and genetics may work in concert to determine sex in this species. Although our results are consistent with TSD, our data cannot rule out a temperature‐by‐sex effect on egg or hatchling mortality. However, our findings together with the observed differences of sex determination systems in closely related species within this genus may provide novel opportunities to address fundamental questions in the evolution of sex determination systems.
Out of sight of wind turbines—Reindeer response to wind farms in operation
Authors: Skarin Anna , Sandström Per , Alam Moudud 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo meet the expanding land use required for wind energy development, a better understanding of the effects on terrestrial animals’ responses to such development is required. Using GPS‐data from 50 freely ranging female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in the Malå reindeer herding community, Sweden, we determined reindeer calving sites and estimated reindeer habitat selection using resource selection functions (RSF). RSFs were estimated at both second‐ (selection of home range) and third‐order (selection within home range) scale in relation to environmental variables, wind farm (WF) development phase (before construction, construction, and operation), distance to the WFs and at the second‐order scale whether the wind turbines were in or out of sight of the reindeer. We found that the distance between reindeer calving site and WFs increased during the operation phase, compared to before construction. At both scales of selection, we found a significant decrease in habitat selection of areas in proximity of the WFs, in the same comparison. The results also revealed a shift in home range selection away from habitats where wind turbines became visible toward habitats where the wind turbines were obscured by topography (increase in use by 79% at 5 km). We interpret the reindeer shift in home range selection as an effect of the wind turbines per se. Using topography and land cover information together with the positions of wind turbines could therefore help identify sensitive habitats for reindeer and improve the planning and placement of WFs. In addition, we found that operation phase of these WFs had a stronger adverse impact on reindeer habitat selection than the construction phase. Thus, the continuous running of the wind turbines making a sound both day and night seemed to have disturbed the reindeer more than the sudden sounds and increased human activity during construction work.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of pain neuroscience education for chronic low back pain: Short‐and long‐term outcomes of pain and disability
Authors: Wood Lianne , Hendrick Paul A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePain neuroscience education (PNE) has shown promising ability in previous reviews to improve pain and disability in chronic low back pain (CLBP). This review aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of PNE on pain and disability in CLBP.Databases and Data TreatmentA systematic search was performed using the databases of EBSCO, Medline, Cochrane and Web of Science. Meta‐analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.1 software to pool outcomes using the random effects model, weighted mean differences (WMD), standard deviation, 95% confidence intervals and sample size. GRADEpro software was utilized to calculate overall strength of evidence.ResultsA total of 6,767 papers were found, eight were included (n = 615). Meta‐analysis for short‐term pain (n = 428) demonstrated a WMD of 0.73 (95%CI −0.14, 1.61) on a ten‐point scale of PNE against no PNE (GRADE analysis low evidence). When PNE alongside physiotherapy interventions were grouped for pain (n = 212), a WMD of 1.32 was demonstrated (95% CI 1.08, 1.56, p < 0.00001; GRADE analysis moderate evidence). Short‐term disability (RMDQ) meta‐analysis demonstrated a WMD of 0.42 (95%CI 0.28, 0.56; p < 0.00001; n = 362; GRADE analysis moderate evidence); whereas the addition of PNE to physiotherapy interventions demonstrated a WMD of 3.94 (95% CI 3.37, 4.52; p < 0.00001; GRADE analysis moderate evidence.ConclusionThis review presents moderate evidence that the addition of PNE to usual physiotherapy intervention in patients with CLBP improves disability in the short term. However, this meta‐analysis failed to show evidence of long‐term improvement on pain or disability when adding PNE to usual physiotherapy.SignificanceThis review demonstrates moderate level evidence that the use of pain neuroscience education alongside physiotherapy interventions probably improves disability and pain in the short term in chronic low back pain. These results provide greater support for the addition of pain neuroscience education in routine physiotherapy practice in chronic low back pain.
Stereotype threat may not impact women's inhibitory control or mathematical performance: Providing support for the null hypothesis
Authors: Pennington Charlotte R. , Litchfield Damien , McLatchie Neil , Heim Derek 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderpinned by the findings of Jamieson and Harkins (2007; Experiment 3), the current study pits the mere effort motivational account of stereotype threat against a working memory interference account. In Experiment 1, females were primed with a negative self‐ or group stereotype pertaining to their visuospatial ability and completed an anti‐saccade eye‐tracking task. In Experiment 2 they were primed with a negative or positive group stereotype and completed an anti‐saccade and mental arithmetic task. Findings indicate that stereotype threat did not significantly impair women's inhibitory control (Experiments 1 and 2) or mathematical performance (Experiment 2), with Bayesian analyses providing support for the null hypothesis. These findings are discussed in relation to potential moderating factors of stereotype threat, such as task difficulty and stereotype endorsement, as well as the possibility that effect sizes reported in the stereotype threat literature are inflated due to publication bias.
Energy Savings Potential of a Novel Radiative Cooling and Solar Thermal Collection Concept in Buildings for Various World Climates
Authors: Vall Sergi , Castell Albert , Medrano Marc 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA novel radiative cooling and solar collection concept is presented, and the combination of these two technologies and its energy integration in residential and commercial buildings is evaluated. This innovative concept, herein named Radiative Collector and Emitter (RCE), allows for supplying both cooling and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) demands. First, the RCE concept is introduced by presenting its background, with special attention to the overlapping and switching between radiative cooling and solar thermal collection. Then the DHW and cooling demands for four building typologies, two residential and two commercial, are compared with the energy production of the RCE. The analysis is performed for representative cities of the world climates according to Köppen‐Geiger classification. The RCE concept showed suitability in some of the studied cities (San Francisco, Cape Town, Johannesburg, London, and Ottawa) with C (temperate) and D (continental) climates in residential and tertiary buildings.
The impact of motivational interviewing on self‐perceived burden in patients receiving therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Dill Rebecca , Olson DaiWai M. , Session‐Augustine Nellie , Mariani Dara , Stutzman Sonja E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune disorders and neurodegenerative disorders take a physical and emotional toll on patients that undergo therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) treatments. Previous literature has shown that these patients may feel a greater sense of self‐burden. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a technique used in various settings that has the potential to decrease feelings of self‐burden. MI for patients who receive TPE has not been tested. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of MI in patients with a neurodegenerative diagnosis (eg, transverse myelitis, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) that are undergoing TPE treatments.MethodsThis was a prospective, non‐randomized, longitudinal study of the impact of MI with patients at high risk of sense of self‐burden who underwent apheresis treatments. Consented patients underwent three to six MI sessions with a trained clinician. Patients completed a self‐report baseline and post‐test of self‐perceived burden.ResultsThirty participants consented to the study; 27 were included in the analysis. The Self‐Perceived Burden Scale scores were significantly higher at baseline (m = 26.2) when compared to scores post MI sessions (m = 21.48, P < .05). The number of MI sessions (3, 4, 5, 6 sessions) did not significantly impact the outcome score (r2 = 0.001; P = .901).ConclusionMI is a straightforward technique that is feasible and shown to be effective to be used by bedside clinicians while working with patients who receive TPE to decrease levels of self‐perceived burden.