bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPONENTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE OF A CITY WITH A POPULATION OF 300 000 PEOPLE
Authors: Sigal O.I. , Vorobiov L.I. , Pavliuk N.Y. , Serhiienko R.V. 
Published: July 2018

The results of experimental studies of humidity, ash content, calorific value for сomponents of municipal solid waste in Cherkassy city are presented. The results of the research are used to develop an integrated waste management and recycling system in the Cherkassy city.
The waste management strategy has been adopted in Ukraine. It determines the main directions of reforming the system of sanitary cleaning of cities in order to minimize environmental pollution in accordance with EU standards. In the process of preparation of the regional implementation plan for the Strategy in Cherkassy, a study of the morphology, energy and environmental characteristics of the components of solid domestic waste (SDW) was made.
This article presents the results of experimental studies of humidity, calorific value and ash content for 8 components of waste: paper, cardboard, composite materials, textiles, hygiene products, plastic, other combustible materials, wood shavings are presented. Humidity is also determined in organic residues and in fine fractions.
The investigations were carried out at the experimental stand of the Institute of Technical Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Due to the absence in Ukraine of standards for the study of energy characteristics of solid waste, the measurements were carried out in accordance with standards for solid organic fuels, which slightly differ from the EU methods for the study of solid waste. In order to develop regional integrated waste management plans within the framework of the strategy implementation, based on the qualitative analysis of MSW components, it is necessary to develop standards for determining the energy characteristics of SDW in line with European normative documents.
The study of the energy characteristics of solid waste showed a significant heterogeneity in the components of solid waste, which significantly complicated the determination of characteristics and led to a considerable scatter of results and an increase in measurement uncertainty. This happened due to low weight and the need for thorough homogenization of the sample, which was experimentally investigated in accordance with the method of preparation of an analytical sample.
The article analyzes need for adaptation of the European methods of detailed morphology of solid domestic waste in Ukraine, which is necessary for separate waste collection.
The results of the research are used to develop an integrated waste management and recycling system in the city of Cherkassy.
MODELLING OF SHEAR AND SHEARLESS FLOW WITH PERIODIC VELOCITY NONSTATIONARITY
Authors: Suprun T.T. 
Published: July 2018

The results of experimental modeling of shear and shearless flow with periodic velocity nonstationarity, organized using a generator of periodic wakes such as the "squirrel" cage, are presented. The purpose of this paper is to compare the structure of the flow behind the "squirrel" cages, as well as the analysis of the characteristics of the transition boundary layer for two different ways of locating the working surfaces: in the zone of the shearless core and shear periphery zone.
The physical modelling of turbulized flow with velocity periodic nonstationarity is carried out in two experimental installations. It is shown that behind rotating “squirrel” cages there are two regions in the distributions of mean time velocities: the shearless flow core located in the center of “squirrel” cage and peripheral shear part. The aim of this paper is to compare the flow structure behind “squirrel” cages as well as to analyze the features of transient boundary layer for two different installations of working surfaces. The latter were flat plates installed on the different distances from the center of the “squirrel” cages: in the shearless flow core and in shear zone. Total longitudinal fluctuations are characterized by peaks reason of which is intersections of wakes. Behind the “squirrel” cages the levels of fluctuations decrease along the plates at x~100-600 mm from ~12 to 4,5% (II) and from ~6 to 3,5% (I). Despite the development of boundary layer happens under different external conditions (in uniform (I) and shear (II) flows), wake-induced transition takes place in both installations. Transformation of velocity profiles from pseudolaminar to turbulent is similar to one taking place in bypass transition. Distributions of total longitudinal fluctuations across the boundary layer differ by quantity of peaks and their intensity. Today the physical modeling is one of the most perspective methods for studying transport processes under complex conditions. That is why the experimental investigations of periodic external flow structure are necessary for the further optimization of different equipment and their reliability enhancement.
A Photo-hadronic Model of the Large-scale Jets of 3C 273 and PKS 1136–135
Authors: Kusunose Masaaki , Takahara Fumio 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
X-ray-bright knots of kiloparsec-scale jets of several radio-loud quasars are an actively discussed issue. Among various models for explaining observations of these phenomena, synchrotron radiation from the electron population that differs from radio to IR-emitting electrons, is promising. However, the origin of this electron population has been debated. Recently, we proposed that this electron population is produced by proton–photon collisions (mainly, the Bethe–Heitler process), and we applied this model to PKS 0637–752. We found that this model works if the proton power is an order of magnitude larger than the Eddington power. In this paper we apply this model to the X-ray emission in the knots of 3C 273 and PKS 1136–135. The target photons for electron–positron pair production are supplied by synchrotron radiation at the radio–IR by primary electrons and by the active galactic nucleus (AGN) core, as well as cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. The effects of the AGN photons are included for the first time in the hadronic model. Though the observed X-ray flux is obtained with the contribution of the AGN photons, the required proton power turns out to be highly super-Eddington. However, we find that our model works for a nearly Eddington proton power, if the photon density of the AGN is enhanced. This can occur if the AGN photons are more beamed toward the X-ray knots than toward our line of sight and the AGN photon frequency is shifted by the Doppler effect.
Constraining the Environmental Properties of FRB 131104 Using the Unified Dynamical Afterglow Model
Authors: Peng Zong-Kai , Wang Shan-Qin , Liu Liang-Duan , Dai Zi-Gao , Yu Hai 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Multiband observations of the fast radio burst (FRB) 131104 show that this burst may be associated with a gamma-ray transient entitled Swift J0644.5−5111. Follow-up observations for potential X-ray and radio counterparts of FRB 131104/Swift J0644.5−5111 got null results and provided the upper limits of the emission flux at 5.5 GHz, 7.5 GHz, U-band, and X-ray band. By assuming this association and using these upper limits, environmental properties (the fraction of energy in a magnetic field ε
B and the number density n) of the progenitor system of FRB 131104/Swift J0644.5−5111 were constrained in the context of the standard afterglow model that neglects the nonrelativistic effect and jet effect by several groups. In this paper, we adopt a unified afterglow model that takes into account the nonrelativistic effect and jet effect and use the upper limits of four bands (5.5 GHz, 7.5 GHz, U-band, and X-ray) to obtain more stringent constraints on the parameter space spanned by ε
B and n. We thus suggest that FRB 131104/Swift J0644.5−5111 might originate from a black hole–neutron star merger event. Moreover, we calculate multiband emissions from a kilonova powered by the radioactivity of r-process elements synthesized in the ejected neutron-rich material and find that the U-band emission from the putative kilonova is significantly lower than the upper limit of the observations.
First Detection of the Simplest Organic Acid in a Protoplanetary Disk*
Authors: Favre Cécile , Fedele Davide , Semenov Dmitry , Parfenov Sergey , Codella Claudio , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Bergin Edwin A. , Chapillon Edwige , Testi Leonardo , Hersant Franck , Lefloch Bertrand , Fontani Francesco , Blake Geoffrey A. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Qi Chunhua , Schwarz Kamber R. , Taquet Vianney 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The formation of asteroids, comets, and planets occurs in the interior of protoplanetary disks during the early phase of star formation. Consequently, the chemical composition of the disk might shape the properties of the emerging planetary system. In this context, it is crucial to understand whether and what organic molecules are synthesized in the disk. In this Letter, we report the first detection of formic acid (HCOOH) toward the TW Hydrae protoplanetary disk. The observations of the trans-HCOOH 6(1,6)–5(1,5) transition were carried out at 129 GHz with Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). We measured a disk-averaged gas-phase t-HCOOH column density of ∼(2–4) × 1012 cm−2, namely as large as that of methanol. HCOOH is the first organic molecule containing two oxygen atoms detected in a protoplanetary disk, a proof that organic chemistry is very active, albeit difficult to observe, in these objects. Specifically, this simplest acid stands as the basis for synthesis of more complex carboxylic acids used by life on Earth.
Apocenter Pile-up: Origin of the Stellar Halo Density Break
Authors: Deason Alis J. , Belokurov Vasily , Koposov Sergey E. , Lancaster Lachlan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We measure the orbital properties of halo stars using seven-dimensional information provided by Gaia and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. A metal-rich population of stars, present in both local main sequence stars and more distant blue horizontal branch stars, have very radial orbits (eccentricity ∼0.9) and apocenters that coincide with the stellar halo “break radius” at galactocentric distance r ∼ 20 kpc. Previous work has shown that the stellar halo density falls off much more rapidly beyond this break radius. We argue that the correspondence between the apocenters of high metallicity, high-eccentricity stars, and the broken density profile is caused by the build-up of stars at the apocenter of a common dwarf progenitor. Although the radially biased stars are likely present down to metallicities of [Fe/H] ∼ −2, the increasing dominance at higher metallicities suggests a massive dwarf progenitor, which is at least as massive as the Fornax and Sagittarius dwarf galaxies, and is likely the dominant progenitor of the inner stellar halo.
Influenza A Virus Negative Strand RNA Is Translated for CD8+ T Cell Immunosurveillance
Authors: Hickman Heather D. , Mays Jacqueline W. , Gibbs James , Kosik Ivan , Magadán Javier G. , Takeda Kazuyo , Das Suman , Reynoso Glennys V. , Ngudiankama Barbara F. , Wei JiaJie , Shannon John P. , McManus Daniel , Yewdell Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Probing the limits of CD8+ T cell immunosurveillance, we inserted the SIINFEKL peptide into influenza A virus (IAV)–negative strand gene segments. Although IAV genomic RNA is considered noncoding, there is a conserved, relatively long open reading frame present in segment 8, encoding a potential protein termed NEG8. The biosynthesis of NEG8 from IAV has yet to be demonstrated. Although we failed to detect NEG8 protein expression in IAV-infected mouse cells, cell surface Kb–SIINFEKL complexes are generated when SIINFEKL is genetically appended to the predicted C terminus of NEG8, as shown by activation of OT-I T cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, recombinant IAV encoding of SIINFEKL embedded in the negative strand of the neuraminidase-stalk coding sequence also activates OT-I T cells in mice. Together, our findings demonstrate both the translation of sequences on the negative strand of a single-stranded RNA virus and its relevance in antiviral immunosurveillance.
Effects of Local Infiltration of Autologous Platelet Supernatant in Supraspinatus Tendinopathies
Authors: Gubba Abhinav , Dwidmuthe Samir C , Golhar Anil , Joshi Nilesh 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in promoting healing of rotator cuff tendinopathies over short term by evaluating pain, range of motion (ROM) using Constant–Murley score (CMS).
Design: This prospective, cohort study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics at a tertiary care teaching hospital between December 2013 and April 2015. Patients with supraspinatus tendinopathies (partial tear) based on either ultrasonography (USG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included in the study. Patients with complete rotator cuff tear were excluded.
Materials and methods: Thirty consecutive patients with supraspinatus tendinopathies were administered subacromial injections of PRP. Platelet-rich plasma was made from 20 mL of patient's blood after subjecting it to two centrifugal spins and injected into the supraspinatus tendon. All patients were evaluated at the end of 3 months.
Results: Shoulder function was assessed by CMS in present study. Mean score at baseline was 33.87 ± 5.91. After 1 and 3 months, significant reduction in CMS was found with mean score of 27.80 ± 5.17 at 1 month (p < 0.0001) and 21.93 ± 6.17 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). There was a significant difference in score at 1 and 3 months (p < 0.0001). At 6, 12, and 17 months, the CMS was still significantly low but there was no difference in scores when compared with scores at 3 months.
Conclusion: Platelet-rich plasma injection for supraspinatus tendinopathies gives good results at the end of 3 months.
Role of Chest in Respiratory Distress of Neonates
Authors: Mehta Nikhil , Parihar Pratapsingh , Khan Saherish , Rajimwale Garima 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Introduction: The initial diagnosis of an infant with respiratory distress is crucial as life-saving measures can be started immediately. Despite all the improved diagnostic modalities out there, a roentgenogram of the chest is still considered the most reliable diagnostic tool to establish respiratory distress. The aim of this study was to assess and evaluate the role of chest X-ray (CXR) in neonatal respiratory distress.
Materials and methods: This study was a prospective correlational hospital-based study done in 300 neonates in Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha. The neonates who were clinically diagnosed having respiratory distress were evaluated using chest radiograph. In all these patients, the chest radiography findings were noted and correlated with clinical findings.
Results: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB) was the most common cause of respiratory distress (35.7%). Chest radiography had the highest sensitivity and specificity in pneumothorax (PTX), tracheoesophageal fistula, lobar emphysema, and diaphragmatic hernia (100%). Followed by pneumonia, radiography had 81.2% sensitivity and 86.5% specificity; for hyaline membrane disease (HMD), sensitivity and specificity were 80 and 89% respectively; for meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), sensitivity was 60.5 and specificity was 81.7%; and for TTNB, sensitivity was 36.4% and specificity was 96%. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 59.7%, i.e., the final clinical diagnosis confirmed by CXR.
Conclusion: A chest radiograph has high sensitivity for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), PTX, congenital lobar emphysema, tracheoesophageal fistula, pneumonia, and HMD and low sensitivity for TTNB. To sum up, a plain chest radiograph is an indispensable tool in neonates with respiratory distress, but as with any diagnostic modality, it has its own limitations.
Burkitt Lymphoma with Multiorgan Involvement
Authors: Kumar Venus , Chandrashekhar H R , Hanagavadi Suresh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBurkitt lymphoma (BL) is classified as a poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma of B lymphocytes. It mainly affects children. It is one of the rapidly growing tumors in humans, with profuse proliferation. It is a rare malignancy comprised of only 0.76% of solid malignant tumors among Indian children.Symptoms occur because of rapid turnover of the mature B lymphocytes with involvement of the extranodal sites and involvement of adjacent organs. Initially, this tumor was identified in Africans. The cause of this tumor is uncertain, but shows strong evidence with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in its development. A case of BL with multiorgan involvement in a 7-year-old girl was reported, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Acromesomelic Dysplasia with Interstitial Lung Disease: A Unique Association
Authors: Sasikumar Chinnu , Utpat Ketaki , Desai Unnati , Joshi Jyotsna M 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTAcromesomelic dysplasia is an extremely uncommon skeletal dysplasia with an autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by a constellation of skeletal anomalies. Respiratory impediments have been sporadically reported earlier in various skeletal dysplasias. However, respiratory affection in acromesomelic dysplasia has not been elucidated earlier. We herein report a case of acromesomelic dysplasia associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Diagnosis of acromesomelic dysplasia was based on radiographs of whole skeleton.
Theranostic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Cargo Defines Extracellular Vesicle‐Dependent Modulation of Macrophage Activation and Migratory Behavior
Authors: Mulens‐Arias Vladimir , Nicolás‐Boluda Alba , Silva Amanda K Andriola , Gazeau Florence 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCells shed submicronic extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing a variety of soluble and membrane‐embedded factors, to mediate intercellular communication. EVs show differential immunomodulatory features depending on the cell source and physiological status, endowing these nanosystems with intrinsic immunotherapeutic potential. EVs could be used to mount a potent immune response against tumor cells, by regulating inflammatory cues in tumors and modulating macrophage activation and migratory behavior. On the other part, EVs are loaded with theranostic nanoparticles, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), to confer them magnetic detection, manipulation, and heating capabilities. However, little is known about the impact that SPION may have on intrinsic immunomodulatory properties of EVs. Here, the effects are characterized on the activation and dynamics of macrophages induced by EVs derived from mouse mesenchymal stem cells and mouse/human endothelial cells, loaded or not with SPION. EVs differently activate macrophages as determined by cytokine secretion, phagocytosis capacity, migratory behavior, and extracellular matrix degradation capacity. SPION loading prove to amplify the immunoregulatory properties of EVs, increasing the macrophage ability to migrate, and degrade extracellular matrix. Altogether, EVs might potentiate natural or induced immune response by modulating macrophage activation/migratory behavior, suggesting their use as nanocarriers in combinatorial therapeutic approaches with SPION.
On‐Demand Laser Printing of Picoliter‐Sized, Highly Viscous, Adhesive Fluids: Beyond Inkjet Limitations
Authors: Makrygianni Marina , Milionis Athanasios , Kryou Christina , Trantakis Ioannis , Poulikakos Dimos , Zergioti Ioanna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNovel printing methods represent a class of emerging technologies, with applications ranging from biomedical to energy devices, attracting significant attention because of their ability to handle new classes of materials. Typically, popular printing technologies, such as inkjet printing, deposit low‐viscosity inks (1–15 mPa s). In a broad range of emerging applications, alternative printing techniques will enable the handling of materials with much higher viscosities. Here, Laser‐induced forward transfer (LIFT) is employed as a direct, nozzleless printing method, enabling the processing of fluids with viscosities far beyond the inkjet printing regime. Specifically, exploiting the capability of LIFT being a high‐speed processing technique, maintaining at the same time high printing resolution, the printing of highly viscous cyanoacrylate adhesives (from 30 to 1700 mPa s) is demonstrated achieving printing resolution down to 30 µm. The volume of the LIFT‐ejected adhesive droplets lies in the picoliter scale. As a further advantage compared with inkjet techniques, the printing resolution can be tuned on demand by adjusting the laser fluence during the process. Finally, as an application example, the attachment of chemical indicator powders (i.e., dimethylglyoxime powder) on printed adhesives patterns is illustrated, creating heavy metal sensors with remarkable fabrication facility.
Oscillatory Strain Promotes Vessel Stabilization and Alignment through Fibroblast YAP‐Mediated Mechanosensitivity
Authors: Landau Shira , Ben‐Shaul Shahar , Levenberg Shulamit 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEndothelial cells form the interior layer of blood vessels and, as such, are constantly exposed to shear stress and mechanical strain. While the impact of shear stress on angiogenesis is widely studied, the role of mechanical strain is less understood. To this end, endothelial cells and fibroblasts are cocultured under oscillatory strain to create a vessel network. The two cell types show distinctly different sensitivities to the mechanical stimulation. The fibroblasts, sense the stress directly, and respond by increased alignment, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, facilitated by YAP translocation into the nucleus. In contrast, the endothelial cells form aligned vessels by tracking fibroblast alignment. YAP inhibition in constructs under mechanical strain results in vessel destruction whereas less damage is observed in the YAP‐inhibited static control. Moreover, the mechanical stimulation enhances vessel development and stabilization. Additionally, vessel orientation is preserved upon implantation into a mouse dorsal window chamber and promotes the invading host vessels to orient in the same manner. This study sheds light on the mechanisms by which mechanical strain affects the development of blood vessels within engineered tissues. This can be further utilized to engineer a more organized and stable vasculature suitable for transplantation of engineered grafts.
Local Joule Heating Mimicking Electroresistance‐Like Behavior in Antiperovskite Mn3GaC
Authors: Deng Sihao , Fischer Gerda , Srichandan Sasmita , Wang Lielin , Wang Cong , Sürgers Christoph 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElectroresistance has become a stimulating research topic because of its potential applications in next‐generation nonvolatile memory technology. Here, an electroresistance‐like behavior of the antiperovskite Mn3GaC compound around the antiferromagnetic–intermediate phase transition is reported. A high sensing current significantly decreases the fraction of the antiferromagnetic phase of higher resistivity relative to the intermediate phase of lower resistivity upon warming, showing a resistivity change up to 50%. Through extensive studies of the resistivity at different sample locations and of the magnetization under applied current, it is unambiguously shown that this electroresistance‐like behavior originates from the local Joule heating of the sample due to high‐resistive lead contacts and not from an intrinsic effect. These findings open an available avenue to explore electroresistance‐like behavior by achieving phase coexistence of a high‐ and low‐resistivity phase under the driving force of local Joule heating.