bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-carious lesions in patients treated for functional temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Oleszek-Listopad Justyna , Rosiak Joanna , Szymanska Jolanta 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction. Numerous clinical symptoms found in patients with temporomandibular disorders include non-carious lesions, such as V-shaped lesions, wear facets, enamel cracks, and impressions on the tongue or changes in the buccal mucosa. In addition, loosening and dislocation of teeth may occur.

Aim. The aim of the study was to obtain a clinical assessment of the prevalence and severity of non-carious lesions of dental hard tissues (attrition and abrasion) in patients treated for functional temporomandibular disorders.

Material and methods. The clinical research was performed among 45 patients of both genders, aged 16-38 years, treated at the Department of Functional Masticatory Disorders at the Medical University of Lublin, Poland. The study group consisted of 30 patients with diagnosed temporomandibular disorders. The control group included 15 individuals with no diagnosed temporomandibular disorders. The control group was selected using the method of analogues (considering age, gender and dental status). The examinations were performed before the treatment and twelve weeks after its beginning.

Results. The study found significantly higher values of the prevalence and severity of attrition in the patients group, in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). In the case of abrasion, higher values of the studied variables of prevalence and severity of lesions in the patients, compared to controls, were also found, but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusions. Attrition occurs more frequently and is more severe in patients with diagnosed temporomandibular disorders than in those without such diagnosis. However, no significant differences have been found in the prevalence and severity of abrasion in both groups.
An underestimated technique. Does pressurized and pressure-assisted capillary electrochromatography have potential in drug and pharmacological-active compounds analysis?
Authors: Trzebiatowski Michal Zmuda , Gwarda Radoslaw L. , Dzido Tadeusz H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Pharmaceutical analysis guarantees patient safety all over the world. Thus, continuous development of existing analytical techniques is still very important. Pressurized capillary electrochromatography and pressure-assisted capillary electrochromatography are hybrid separation techniques that combine the selectivity of liquid chromatography and the high separation efficiency of capillary electrophoresis. They use a smaller amount of reagents and samples, hence, reducing the total cost of analysis. Therefore they have found application in a number of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. This review article focuses on the use and importance of pressurized and pressure-assisted capillary electrochromatography in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, taking into account types of detectors and capillaries used. Despite the fact that pressurized capillary electrochromatography and pressure assisted capillary electrochromatography offer many possibilities and have been available for over a dozen years, they are still underdevelopment and not fully explored.
The Proximate Composition, Amino Acid Profile and Chemical Indices in Five Freshwater Fishes from Tiga Dam Reservoir, Nigeria
Authors: Elaigwu Audu Michael 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The study assesses the proximate composition, amino acid profile and its content and chemical indices of the sun-dried Schilbe mystus, Bagrus bayad, Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias anguillaris and Petrocephalus bane bane from Tiga Dam Reservoir, Nigeria. The proximate composition varied significantly (p<0.05) in all five species of fish and these ranged as follows: Moisture (4.79 - 9.52 g/100 g), Crude Protein (42.20 - 57.71 g/100 g), Ash Content (0.90 - 12.51 g/100 g), Ether Extract (3.41 - 9.93 g/100 g), Crude Fibre (0.62 - 5.08 g/100 g), Nitrogen Free Extract (12.28 - 42.70 g/100 g) and Dry Matter (90.48 - 95.21 g/100 g). The amino acid also differed significantly (p<0.05). The nine essential amino acids found in the five species of fish were Lysine (4.21 - 6.34 g/100 g), Histidine (1.96 - 4.30 g/100 g), Arginine (5.80 - 8.21 g/100 g), Threonine (1.93 - 5.05 g/100 g), Valine (2.91 - 5.53 g/100 g), Methionine (1.74 - 3.80 g/100 g), Isoleucine (2.04 - 3.37 g/100 g), Leucine (3.64 - 7.18 g/100 g) and Phynylalanine (1.90 - 4.23 g/100 g). Whereas, the eight non-essential amino acids included: Serine (2.12 - 5.22 g/100 g), Glutamic acid (13.24 - 16.30 g/100 g), Proline (3.12 - 6.29 g/100 g), Glycine (4.20 - 9.08 g/100 g), Alanine (5.00 - 6.36 g/100 g), Cysteine (0.94 - 1.24 g/100 g), Tyrosine (2.33 - 3.33 g/100 g) and Aspartic acid (6.34 - 11.01 g/100 g). P. bane bane was first in terms of crude protein; S. mystus had the highest lipid and essential amino acid content. Also, C. anguillaris recorded the highest calorific value and best amino acid content. Thus, P. bane bane can serve as a source of animal protein to balance deficiencies in humans. Both S. mystus and C. anguillaris can be used as a nutrient base for high energy food and oil in the food industry.
Factors Influencing Walking Distance to the Preferred Public Transport Stop in selected urban centres of Czechia
Authors: Ivan Igor , Horák Jiří , Zajíčková Lenka , Burian Jaroslav , Fojtík David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
One of the ways of improving the attractiveness of public transport is to bring it closer to its potential users. A long walking distance from a stop is often one of the critical factors limiting its more frequent and extensive use. Studies dealing with the accessibility of transport networks usually work only with the closest stop. This article analyses the actual walking distance from the place of residence to the preferred stop. The survey used a questionnaire method and was conducted in two cities in the Czech Republic—Ostrava and Olomouc. Based on the results of the study, the average walking distance was assessed and the impact of demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, number of members in the household, economic activity, the presence of a child in the household, and car ownership), transport behavior (preferred mode of transportation, car convenience and opinions on public transport), and urban characteristics (prevailing housing type) on the walking distance were analyzed. The main findings prove a significant impact on walking distance by a number of these factors, but the preferred use of a car for commuting or unemployment does not significantly affect walking distance.
The lawn grew too quickly! Perception of rural idyll by Czech amenity migrants
Authors: Píša Jan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The arrival of amenity migrants has significant impacts for many rural areas in economic, environmental and social terms. While the causes of relocation from cities to remote rural localities can be generally understood as attempts to change the way of life, the consequences of this phenomenon are relatively diverse. Perception of rural space from the migrant´s point of view stems partly from the so-called rural idyll, which shapes the image of the countryside across society, especially through media, tourism and recreation. This study aims to discover links between rural idyll and motivational factors of the Czech amenity migrants. Semi-structured interviews with the Czech amenity migrants have been used in order to uncover the social dimension of the phenomenon of rural idyll. Emphasis has been put both on the genesis of their relationship to the rural environment, but also on the consistency and differences between expectations and the reality of rural life. I identify the key role of tourism and recreation in shaping the initial perception of rural space, whereas the role of media is rather implicit. In the perception of amenity migrants, the initial image of rural space differed only slightly when the physical environment of rural space is considered but a mismatch is found between initial ideas about rural communities and their real experience after moving there.
Improving the quality of life in cities using community gardens: from benefits for members to benefits for all local residents
Authors: Dubová Lenka , Macháč Jan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recent effects of globalization, urbanization and climate change have resulted in an increasing interest in the quality of life in cities and seeking pathways for its improvement. At the same time, there are changes in society and lifestyles that may challenge or facilitate these pathways. Community gardens (CGs) represent an effort to provide more sustainable urban economies, while reflecting on the public demand for cultivation of own crops. However, members of CGs may not perceive all the benefits that CGs provide for their surroundings. Using two case studied from Czechia (CG Kuchyňka and CG Vidimova in Prague) the aim of this paper is a comparison of the benefits perceived by community garden members and the evaluated net social benefits of community gardens in cities for all local residents. Through a questionnaire survey, the paper answers the research question of the benefits of community gardens perceived by community garden members. An economic assessment based on cost-benefit analysis was made to answer the question of the value of the net social benefits of community gardens in cities. Our comparison shows that the net social benefits are higher than perceived by their members. Net present benefits of EUR 31 550 for CG Kuchyňka and EUR 1 175 for CG Vidimova were quantified in a 50-year horizon. This economic analysis should contribute to greater support for community gardens by city governments and spatial planners.
Empirical verification of the relationship between creative life orientations of the creative class and the creative city
Authors: Sokół Aneta 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the last few years there has been a fundamental change in the approach to the issue of creativity in economics, and it is increasingly referred that the era of the economics of creativity has started. Currently, it is claimed that no matter how much knowledge one possesses, it is important how it is creatively processed and how it will be used. Both theoreticians and practitioners agree on its role as a source of competitive advantage in the micro and macroeconomic sphere. The aim of the article is to consider cognitive, theoretical and methodological as well as empirical issues (questionnaire research) on the development of creative life orientations of the creative class in creative cities. The research results allow us to present a recommendation for managers managing creative cities. They are for example: tolerance for new and unknown things; cooperation that are made by outstanding individuals and social support, acceptance of creativity and creators.
Public Ethnocentrism. An Obstacle of Worldwide Economic Development: Concept and a Preliminary Research
Authors: Dobrowolski Zbysław , Szejner Tomasz 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective: The phenomenon of ethnocentrism in the public sector has not been well recognized. The study was aimed at initiating an effort to fill the research gap by introducing the concept of “public ethnocentrism” and presenting empirical evidence from a preliminary test of the concept.

Methodology: while analysing and seeking full contextual understanding of the public ethnocentrism the ethnographic public representative’s observation and open-ended interviews have been chosen. Study of public ethnocentrism in Poland have been supplemented by interviews with 11 representatives of public sector from the USA, Germany, Czech Republic, Austria, Indonesia, Malaysia, Tanzania, Namibia and Mexico.

Findings: Studies have shown a scale of willingness to use an ethnocentric attitude when making decisions in a public organization. It was found that public ethnocentrism restricts innovation by disrupting public choice.

Value Added: Two new research questions are identified.

Recommendations: There is a need to create an Ethnocentrism Perception Index (EPI). The tendency for ethnocentric behaviour should be taken into accounts when determining whether formal and informal institutions are conducive to running a business in a given country.
The energy union - Perspectives for consolidating the European Union through a common energy market
Authors: Şanta Ana-Maria Iulia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The European Union develops a new energy policy as an answer to the challenges of climate change which is a global issue affecting all of us. The package “Clean Energy for All Europeans” adopted by the European Commission in 2016, contains instruments for a new energy policy at the level of the European Union, based on an Energy Union, on promoting energy efficiency and the use of Clean Energy. These are the first steps in creating an institutional and legal framework for a common energy market of the European Union. This way the Internal Market of the European Union would be completed by a common energy market and the result would be a consolidated European Union. This is the research hypothesis the present paper is dealing with. It analyzes as well the impact of the new energy policies on the business environment in terms of new innovative business models at European Union level. The research is based on an interdisciplinary approach considering aspects of European policy, European law, business and economics. Qualitative research methods, such as the analysis of European regulations and provisions representing the basis for a harmonized framework in the energy sector at European Union level and case studies from European Union Member States will be applied. Relevant indicators provided by the European Commission and by Eurostat statistics analyzed in the present paper will complete this assessment.
Profile of patients admitted in a pulmonology ward and developing Clostridium difficile enterocolitis
Authors: Cojocaru Ioana , Luculescu Livia , Negoescu Daniela , Strâmbu Irina 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic bacterium than can colonise the lower intestine and cause enterocolitis in susceptible patients. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is typically a nosocomial infection, favoured by treatment with antibiotics (especially with broad-spectrum drugs), proton pump inhibitors, but also comorbidities, old age and prolonged hospitalisation. Based on the observation that in the past years, the frequency of nosocomial CDI has increased in the Institute of Pulmonology, Bucharest, this retrospective observational study aimed to analyse the characteristics of admitted patients who develop CDI, in order to identify possible particular features and risk factors. Accordingly, medical files from 80 patients admitted from January 2015 to August 2017 were analysed for demographic data, respiratory diagnosis, comorbidities, blood tests, treatments prescribed, time of CDI onset, evolution and outcome. The number of patients studied was 29 in 2015, 16 in 2016 and 35 in 2017, with slight male predominance. Totally, 54 patients (67.5%) had tuberculosis (pulmonary or pleural), 12 had lung cancer, five had respiratory infections, two had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and seven had other diseases. All patients but nine were receiving antibiotics: tuberculosis drugs, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams. About half of the patients received proton pump inhibitors. Most patients had several comorbidities. Mean time since admittance to onset of diarrhoea was 20 days. CDI was treated with metronidazole or vancomycin. The evolution was favourable in 90% of patients, but eight patients (10%) died

This study highlights a high frequency of CDI in patients treated for tuberculosis. Due to insufficient data, no epidemiological consideration could be made. Further studies are needed to assess the relationship among tuberculosis, tuberculosis treatment and CDI.
Comparison of three risk scores to predict outcomes in upper gastrointestinal bleeding; modifying Glasgow-Blatchford with albumin
Authors: Shafaghi Afshin , Gharibpoor Faeze , Mahdipour Zahra , Samadani Ali Akbar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction. Management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is of great importance. In this way, we aimed to evaluate the performance of three well known scoring systems of AIMS65, Glasgow-Blatchford Score (GBS) and Full Rockall Score (FRS) in predicting adverse outcomes in patients with UGIB as well as their ability in identifying low risk patients for outpatient management. We also aimed to assess whether changing albumin cutoff in AIMS65 and addition of albumin to GBS add predictive value to these scores.

Methods. This was a retrospective study on adult patients who were admitted to Razi hospital (Rasht, Iran) with diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding between March 21, 2013 and March 21, 2017. Patients who didn’t undergo endoscopy or had incomplete medical data were excluded. Initially, we calculated three score systems of AIMS65, GBS and FRS for each patient by using initial Vital signs and lab data. Secondary, we modified AIMS65 and GBS by changing albumin threshold from <3.5 to <3.0 in AIMS65 and addition of albumin to GBS, respectively. Primary outcomes were defined as in hospital mortality, 30-day rebleeding, need for blood transfusion and endoscopic therapy. Secondary outcome was defined as composition of primary outcomes excluding need for blood transfusion. We used AUROC to assess predictive accuracy of risk scores in primary and secondary outcomes. For albumin-GBS model, the AUROC was only calculated for predicting mortality and secondary outcome. The negative predictive value for AIMS65, GBS and modified AIMS65 was then calculated.

Result. Of 563 patients, 3% died in hospital, 69.4% needed blood transfusion, 13.1% needed endoscopic therapy and 3% had 30-day rebleeding. The leading cause of UGIB was erosive disease. In predicting composite of adverse outcomes all scores had statistically significant accuracy with highest AUROC for albumin-GBS. However, in predicting in hospital mortality, only albumin-GBS, modified AIMS65 and AIMS65 had acceptable accuracy. Interestingly, albumin, alone, had higher predictive accuracy than other original risk scores. None of the four scores could predict 30-day rebleeding accurately; on the contrary, their accuracy in predicting need for blood transfusion was high enough. The negative predictive value for GBS was 96.6% in score of ≤2 and 85.7% and 90.2% in score of zero in AIMS65 and modified AIMS65, respectively.

Conclusion. Neither of risk scores was highly accurate as a prognostic factor in our population; however, modified AIMS65 and albumin-GBS may be optimal choice in evaluating risk of mortality and general assessment. In identifying patient for safe discharge, GBS ≤ 2 seemed to be advisable choice.
Comparative Study of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Lightweight and Normal Aggregates
Authors: Pannem Ramamohanrao , Kumar Padmaja P. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Based on the available literature, a simple method was adopted to calculate the packing density of aggregates and thereby reduce their void content by optimising their packing aggregates and by using two different sizes of coarse aggregates and fine aggregates. This study provides an understanding of the way in which the shape of aggregates affects the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The fresh, hardened, and durable properties of SCC with normal and lightweight fly ash coarse aggregates are found at the corresponding age of the curing. Their values were compared with respect to SCC containing normal aggregates. A mix with fly ash aggregates was found to have better fresh concrete properties due to the round shape of the aggregates. After the packing of the aggregates, this mix was found to have better mechanical and durability properties than all the other concrete mixes.
The Use of Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste for Modifying Asphalt Concrete Using the Marshall Test
Authors: Ogundipe Olumide Moses 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study considers the use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste for modifying asphalt concrete. In the study, the optimum bitumen content of asphalt concrete was replaced with 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14% and 16% of PET waste; the Marshall test was conducted on the samples. A comparison of the unmodified and PET-modified asphalt concrete showed that the stability of the modified asphalt concrete was reduced. The maximum stability for the PET waste-modified asphalt concrete was recorded at a content of 12% PET waste. This gives about a 20.4% reduction in stability. The study reveals that the addition of PET waste to the asphalt concrete causes a reduction in the flow value except with the addition of 14% and 16 % waste. This implies that the introduction of PET waste could improve the permanent deformation resistance of asphalt, although there is concern about a reduction in fatigue resistance.
Alternative Micro-Milled Binders in Cold Recycling Technologies
Authors: Šedina Jakub , Valentin Jan , Mondschein Petr , Suda Jan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In addition to bituminous binders (bituminous emulsion, foamed bitumen), hydraulic binders are applied in cold recycling technologies to increase the strength of a final structural layer as well as to increase its resistance to water and frost impacts. This paper deals with the use of energy by-products from fluidized bed coal combustion and mineral waste and their modification into reactive material with the potential of replacing commonly used hydraulic binders. The increase in the reactive potential takes place through a high-speed milling process where the mechanical-chemical activation of the material takes place. This process is associated with the refinement of the material, a higher proportion of micro and nanoparticles, an increased surface area, opening of particles, etc. The material treated exhibits binding properties, and it can be used as an active filler that allows for the partial or complete substitution of hydraulic binders. The experimental part is focused on the application of alternative binders to cold recycling mixtures and their assessment according to valid technical regulations, i.e., an assessment of their indirect tensile strength and water susceptibility as well as compressive strength and resistance to the effects of water and frost.
The Use of Effective Coagulants and Flocculants to Intensify the Process of Water Purification at Coke Plants
Authors: Galkina Olena , Blahodarna Halyna 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper proposes a reagent method of water purification at the Kharkiv Coke Plant when using the phenolic wastewater in the water-circulating system, which corresponds to industry standards, together with coagulant (aluminum sulfate, aluminum hydroxychloride Pro-AQUA-18) and flocculant treatment (Extraflock and Besfloc). The use of cationic flocculants in water treatment has shown a high degree of efficiency in the removal of suspended substances compared with the Pro-AQUA-18 coagulant at a dose of 50 mg/dm3 or flocculant – 2-4 mg/dm3; it does not lead to the secondary pollution of the water and does not increase its corrosive activity. The purification of the clarified water was carried out using a filtration unit with a filtering load from a layer of quartz sand. The use of the proposed reagent method of water purification will allow it to be used for the technical purposes of the enterprise, reduce the consumption of fresh water, and eliminate the discharge of phenolic wastewater into the municipal sewer network.