bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Selective Reduction of α, β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones under Ambient Conditions using Tetraalkylphosphonium‐based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ralphs Kathryn , McCourt Éadaoin , Ormandy Christopher , Carneiro de Souza Thiago A. , Nockemann Peter , Jacquemin Johan , Manyar Haresh G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn efficient and green protocol for highly selective reduction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and ketones at room temperature is described in a range of ionic liquids, in the absence of noble metal catalysts, by using NaBH4 as reducing agent. Most notably, using [P6,6,6,14][N(CN)2] ionic liquid, in absence of organic solvent, within 10 min, 97% conversion of cinnamaldehyde was achieved with 100% selectivity towards cinnamyl alcohol. The ionic liquid was easily recycled without any noticeable decline in activity. The reduction protocol was further extended to a variety of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and ketones.
Oxygen‐Doped Nickel Iron Phosphide Nanocube Arrays Grown on Ni Foam for Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Xi Wenguang , Yan Gang , Lang Zhongling , Ma Yuanyuan , Tan Huaqiao , Zhu Haotian , Wang Yonghui , Li Yangguang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA rationally designed oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst with advanced structural and compositional superiority is highly desirable to optimize electrocatalytic performance. Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) with adjustable element compositions and accessible porous structures represent a promising precursor for the preparation of OER catalysts. Herein, oxygen‐doped nickel iron phosphide nanocube arrays (Ni2P/(NiFe)2P(O) NAs) grown on Ni foam is rationally designed and fabricated from PBAs. The porous structure and the synergistic effect of Ni and Fe enable superior electrocatalytic performance and stability toward the OER in alkaline electrolytes. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe‐incorporated Ni2P can generate new active sites on the Fe atoms, and the energy barriers of the intermediates and products are decreased efficiently in the presence of surface doped oxygen, both processes are crucial factors for enhanced catalytic performances. In 1 m KOH, the Ni2P/(NiFe)2P(O) NAs afford current densities of 10 and 800 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of 150 and 530 mV, respectively, which outperform the commercial noble metal IrO2. Ni2P/(NiFe)2P(O) NAs also have long‐term stability over 100 h at a high current density. The present approach may provide a new avenue for the controlled assembly of nanoarrays for energy storage and conversion applications.
Visible Light Actuated Efficient Exclusion Between Plasmonic Ag/AgCl Micromotors and Passive Beads
Authors: Wang Xu , Baraban Larysa , Misko Vyacheslav R. , Nori Franco , Huang Tao , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Fassbender Jürgen , Makarov Denys 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInsight is provided into the collective behavior of visible‐light photochemically driven plasmonic Ag/AgCl Janus particles surrounded by passive polystyrene (PS) beads. The active diffusion of single Janus particles and their clusters (small: consisting of two or three Janus particles and large: consisting of more than ten Janus particles), and their interaction with passive PS beads, are analyzed experimentally and in simulations. The diffusivity of active Janus particles, and thus the exclusive effect to passive PS beads, can be regulated by the number of single Janus particles in the cluster. On the simulation side, the Langevin equations of motion for self‐propelled Janus particles and diffusing passive PS beads are numerically solved using Molecular‐Dynamics simulations. The complex interactions of both subsystems, including elastic core‐to‐core interactions, short‐range attraction, and effective repulsion due to light‐induced chemical reactions are considered. This complex mixed system not only provides insight to the interactive effect between active visible light‐driven self‐propelled micromotors and passive beads, but also offers promise for implications in light‐controlled propulsion transport and chemical sensing.
Fabrication of Sub‐Micrometer‐Sized MoS2 Thin‐Film Transistor by Phase Mode AFM Lithography
Authors: Liu Lianqing , Shi Jialin , Li Meng , Yu Peng , Yang Tie , Li Guangyong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe phase mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) lithography and monolayer lift‐off process are combined to fabricate electronics based on 2D materials (2DMs), which remove the need for pre‐fabricating markers and increase the accuracy of the overlay and alignment. The promising phase mode of AFM lithography eliminates the drawbacks of the conventional force mode such as the over‐cut, under‐cut, debris effect, and severe tip wear. The planar size of MoS2 thin‐film transistors is shrunken down to sub‐micrometer by the proposed method, and the fabricated devices demonstrate n‐type characteristics. It offers a more flexible and easier way to fabricate prototypes of sub‐micrometer‐sized 2DMs based devices, and gives the opportunity to explore the size effect on the performance of 2DMs devices.
Our Contributions in Synthesis of Diverse Heterocyclic Scaffolds by Using Mixed Oxides as Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Bhaskaruni Sandeep V. H. S. , Gangu Kranthi Kumar , Maddila Suresh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis personal account mainly introduces and reviews our recent contributions in developing different catalyst materials involving mixed oxides and their scope as renewable catalysts in multicomponent reactions to synthesize various novel heterocyclic scaffolds under green conditions. The application of various mixed oxides and their composites in the organic synthesis is emphasized through this review, in order to reveal the versatility, scope and importance of mixed oxides and their interactions during the reaction. We have also briefed the limitations of mixed oxides as catalysts, to put forward the broader prospective in the field.
Nickel, Cobalt and Palladium Catalysed C−H Functionalization of Un‐Activated C(sp3)−H Bond
Authors: Mishra Ashish A. , Subhedar Dnyaneshwar , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis review represents nickel, cobalt and palladium catalyzed C−H activation of sp3 carbon, with special emphasis on methyl C−H activation. The importance of directing group assistance and effect of ligand on β‐ or γ‐ C(sp3)−H activation is summarized in this review. The mechanistic study for Ni, Co and Pd catalyzed sp3 C−H bond functionalization also discussed in detail.
Hydrological data uncertainty and its implications
Authors: McMillan Hilary K. , Westerberg Ida K. , Krueger Tobias 
Published: September 2018

Hydrologic data are at the core of our understanding of physical hydrologic processes, our simulation models and forecasts of water resources and hazards, and our monitoring of water quantity and quality. However, hydrologic data are subject to multiple sources of uncertainty that can introduce bias and error into our analyses and decision‐making if not properly accounted for. In this article, we summarize five categories of data uncertainty: measurement uncertainty, derived data uncertainty, interpolation uncertainty, scaling uncertainty, and data management uncertainty. Hydrologic data uncertainty magnitudes are typically in the range 10–40%. To quantify data uncertainty, hydrologists should first construct a perceptual model of uncertainty that itemizes uncertainty sources. The magnitude of each source can then be estimated using replicates (repeated, nested or subsampled measurements), or information from the literature (in‐depth uncertainty results from experimental catchments, colocated gauges or method comparisons). Multiple uncertainty sources can be combined using Monte Carlo methods to determine total uncertainty. Data uncertainty analysis improves hydrologic process understanding by enabling robust hypothesis testing and identification of spatial and temporal patterns that relate to true process differences rather than data uncertainty. By quantifying uncertainty in data used for input or evaluation of hydrologic models, we can prevent parameter bias, exclude disinformative data, and enhance model performance evaluation. In water management applications, quantifying data uncertainty can lead to robust risk analysis, reduced costs, and transparent results that improve the trust of the public and water managers.This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Methods
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Efficacy of avian radar systems for tracking birds on the airfield of a large international airport
Authors: Phillips Adam C. , Majumdar Siddhartha , Washburn Brian E. , Mayer David , Swearingin Ryan M. , Herricks Edwin E. , Guerrant Travis L. , Beckerman Scott F. , Pullins Craig K. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTAvian radar technologies have the potential to serve an important role in the quantification of bird movements and determining patterns of bird use in areas where human–wildlife conflicts might occur (e.g., airports, wind‐energy facilities). However, capabilities and limitations of these technologies are relatively unknown and ground‐truthing studies are needed to help wildlife managers understand the biological meaning of radar information. We evaluated the efficacy of 3 X‐band marine radar sensors for tracking birds and flocks of birds observed on the airfield at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport, USA, during March 2011–November 2012. We used specific information regarding field observations of birds or flocks to determine how frequently the 3 radar sensors provided corresponding tracks of these avian targets. In addition, we examined various factors to determine if they had any influence on the frequency of correspondence between visual observations and radar tracks. Of the 972 sightings of individual birds (49%) or flocks of birds (51%) by observers on the airfield that had the potential to be observed by the radar, 143 (15%) were tracked by ≥1 radar sensor. All confirmed tracks of individual birds or flocks were ≤4.8 km from these radars. Among the 3 radar sensors, larger bodied bird species, bird/flocks flying at higher altitudes, and bird/flocks closer to the radars increased the ability of those units to track avian targets. This study provides new information regarding the performance of radar systems for tracking birds on the airfield of one of the largest and busiest airports in the world. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Probing leptogenesis at future colliders
Authors: Antusch Stefan , Cazzato Eros , Drewes Marco , Fischer Oliver , Garbrecht Björn , Gueter Dario , Klarić Juraj 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigate the question whether leptogenesis, as a mechanism for explaining the baryon asymmetry of the universe, can be tested at future colliders. Focusing on the minimal scenario of two right-handed neutrinos, we identify the allowed parameter space for successful leptogenesis in the heavy neutrino mass range between 5 and 50 GeV. Our calculation includes the lepton flavour violating contribution from heavy neutrino oscillations as well as the lepton number violating contribution from Higgs decays to the baryon asymmetry of the universe. We confront this parameter space region with the discovery potential for heavy neutrinos at future lepton colliders, which can be very sensitive in this mass range via displaced vertex searches. Beyond the discovery of heavy neutrinos, we study the precision at which the flavour-dependent active-sterile mixing angles can be measured. The measurement of these mixing angles at future colliders can test whether a minimal type I seesaw mechanism is the origin of the light neutrino masses, and it can be a first step towards probing leptogenesis as the mechanism of baryogenesis. We discuss how a stronger test could be achieved with an additional measurement of the heavy neutrino mass difference.
Barriers to Timely Presentation of Patients with Surgical Conditions at Tamale Teaching Hospital in Northern Ghana
Authors: Tabiri Stephen , Jalali Ali , Nelson Richard E. , Damah Michael C. , Abantanga Francis A. , Price Raymond R. , Katz Micah G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundImproving access to surgical services and understanding the barriers to receiving timely care are necessary to save lives. The aim of this study was to assess barriers to timely presentation to an appropriate medical facility using the Three‐Delay model, for patients presenting to Tamale Teaching Hospital, in northern Ghana.MethodsIn 2013, patients with delays in seeking surgical care were prospectively identified. Pairwise correlation coefficients between delay in presentation and factors associated with delay were conducted and served as a foundation for a multivariate log‐linear regression model.ResultsA total of 718 patients presented with an average delay of 22.1 months. Delays in receiving care were most common (56.4%), while delays in seeking care were seen in 52.3% of patients. “Initially seeking treatment at the nearest facility, but appropriate care was unavailable” was reported by 56.4% and predicted longer delays (p < 0.001). 42.9% of patients had delays secondary to treatment from a traditional or religious healer, which also predicted longer delays (p < 0.001). On multivariate regression, emergent presentation was the strongest predictor of shorter delays (OR 0.058, p = 0.002), while treatment from a traditional or religious healer and initially seeking treatment at another hospital predicted longer delays (OR 7.6, p = 0.008, and OR 4.3, p  = 0.006, respectively).ConclusionsBarriers to care leading to long delays in presentation are common in northern Ghana. Interventions should focus on educating traditional and religious healers in addition to building surgical capacity at district hospitals.
Efficacy of pregabalin in post-traumatic peripheral neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial
Authors: Markman John , Resnick Malca , Greenberg Scott , Katz Nathaniel , Yang Ruoyong , Scavone Joseph , Whalen Ed , Gregorian Gabriela , Parsons Bruce , Knapp Lloyd 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe growing need for symptomatic treatment of post-traumatic neuropathic pain (PTNP) continues to be unmet. Studies evaluating the efficacy of pregabalin for reducing neuropathic pain following trauma and surgery yielded positive results over ≤ 8-week treatment. To assess the efficacy and tolerability of pregabalin over 3 months in patients with PTNP, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial evaluated patients with PTNP at 101 centers in 11 countries—the longest, largest such trial. Adults diagnosed with PTNP were randomly assigned (1:1) to 15 weeks of pregabalin (flexibly dosed 150–600 mg/day) or matching placebo. Primary efficacy analysis was by mixed-model repeated measures comparing change from baseline to week 15 in weekly mean pain scores between active and placebo groups. Evaluable patients included 274 in the pregabalin group and 265 in the placebo group. Trauma was surgical in 49.6% of patients, non-surgical in the remainder. The primary efficacy analysis showed no statistically significant difference between pregabalin and placebo groups in the change from baseline to week 15 [mean difference, − 0.22 points (95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.10); p = 0.1823]. However, comparisons for key secondary outcome measures yielded p values < 0.05 favoring pregabalin. Consistent with the known safety profile of pregabalin, the most common adverse events were dizziness and somnolence (14.6 and 9.9% of patients, respectively) with pregabalin (vs 4.2 and 3.4% with placebo). These findings demonstrate the feasibility of conducting a large, phase 3 registration trial in the heterogeneous PTNP study population.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01701362.
Individual Uncertainty About Longevity
Authors: Dormont Brigitte , Samson Anne-Laure , Fleurbaey Marc , Luchini Stéphane , Schokkaert Erik 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article presents an assessment of individual uncertainty about longevity. A survey performed on 3,331 French people enables us to record several survival probabilities per individual. On this basis, we compute subjective life expectancies (SLE) and subjective uncertainty regarding longevity (SUL), the standard deviation of each individual’s subjective distribution of her or his own longevity. It is large and equal to more than 10 years for men and women. Its magnitude is comparable to the variability of longevity observed in life tables for individuals under 60, but it is smaller for those older than 60, which suggests use of private information by older respondents. Our econometric analysis confirms that individuals use private information—mainly their parents’ survival and longevity—to adjust their level of uncertainty. Finally, we find that SUL has a sizable impact, in addition to SLE, on risky behaviors: more uncertainty on longevity significantly decreases the probability of unhealthy lifestyles. Given that individual uncertainty about longevity affects prevention behavior, retirement decisions, and demand for long-term care insurance, these results have important implications for public policy concerning health care and retirement.
The Melville Monument and the Shaping of the Scottish Metropolis
Authors: Godard Desmarest Clarisse 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Melville Monument, which stands at the centre of St Andrew's Square in Edinburgh, was erected between 1821 and 1823 in memory of the Tory statesman Henry Dundas, first Viscount Melville (1742–1811). The design for the monument, more than 150 ft tall, was provided by William Burn (1789–1870). The 15 ft statue of Dundas that stands on top, added in 1827, was carved by Robert Forrest (1789–1852), a Scottish sculptor from Lanarkshire, from a design by Francis Chantrey (1781–1841). The Melville Monument, imperial in character and context, is part of a series of highly visible monuments built in Edinburgh in the early nineteenth century to celebrate such figures as Horatio Nelson, Robert Burns, William Pitt, King George IV and the dead of the Napoleonic wars (National Monument). This article examines the commission and construction of the Melville Monument, and analyses the choice and significance of St Andrew's Square as a locus for commemoration. The monument is shown to be part of an emerging commitment to enhance the more picturesque qualities of the city, a reaction against the exaggerated formality of the first New Town and its grid pattern.
Ad hoc coalitions in the U.S. energy sector: Case studies in the gas, oil, and coal industries
Authors: Downie Christian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the field of business and politics, research on the role of business actors in individual fossil fuel industries that contribute to climate change has been sparse. At the same time theorising the role of ad hoc coalitions has been limited even though they appear to be an important vehicle for business actors seeking to shape contemporary policy contests. This paper attempts to address these understudied areas by drawing on a rich empirical dataset to examine the role of three ad hoc coalitions in the U.S. energy sector. In doing so, it builds on the existing literature to establish a theoretical basis for identifying the defining elements of ad hoc coalitions and the conditions under which business actors decide to establish them. Further, it sheds light on how business actors use ad hoc coalitions in three key fossil fuel industries—gas, oil, and coal—to shape policy outcomes, and in turn shape the path to a clean energy transition.
Evidence for an interaction between linoleic acid intake and skin barrier properties in healthy dogs – a pilot study
Authors: Watson Adrian , Thomas Gaelle , Butowski Christina , Allaway David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDogs suffer from skin associated issues with a disproportionate frequency, with consequent interest in providing nutrition to optimize their skin's natural defences. Linoleic acid (LA) is known as an essential nutrient in dogs and plays a critical part in the lipid component of skin barrier formation. Minimum requirements have been defined, primarily based on eliminating signs of deficiencies such as dry, flaky skin and inflammation. Zn has been shown as an important nutrient for maintaining epidermal health. This pilot study investigated whether there are skin barrier benefits from feeding both linoleic acid and Zn at levels significantly in excess of published minimum requirements. Eight Labrador retrievers were fed a diet containing 3.8 g/Mcal LA, 21 mg/Mcal Zn for 12 weeks to establish baseline conditions for all dogs (basal diet). After this period, for a further 12 weeks, the dogs were switched onto a diet containing 7.9 g/Mcal LA and 50 mg/Mcal Zn (test diet). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL measurements) were used as a measure of skin quality and integrity and were taken at the end of the initial feeding period, and at 6 and 12 weeks of the test feeding period. TEWL was reduced by 8.11 g/m2/h (P < 0.001) six weeks after instigation of the test diet, and by 7.52 g/m2/h (P < 0.005) at 12 weeks, compared to the levels (14.73 g/m2/h) at the end of the basal feeding trial period. The results showed evidence of improved barrier properties as TEWL when feeding higher levels of LA and Zn for six and 12 weeks.
Do Women Get Fewer Votes? No.
Authors: Sevi Semra , Arel-Bundock Vincent , Blais André 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe study data on the gender of more than 21,000 unique candidates in all Canadian federal elections since 1921, when the first women ran for seats in Parliament. This large data set allows us to compute precise estimates of the difference in the electoral fortunes of men and women candidates. When accounting for party effects and time trends, we find that the difference between the vote shares of men and women is substantively negligible (±0.5 percentage point). This gender gap was larger in the 1920s (±2.5 percentage points), but it is now statistically indistinguishable from zero. Our results have important normative implications: political parties should recruit and promote more women candidates because they remain underrepresented in Canadian politics and because they do not suffer from a substantial electoral penalty.
Violence, Ideology and Counterrevolution: Landowners and Agrarian Reform in Cautín Province, Chile, 1967–73
Authors: Carter Daniel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe article analyses social and political conflict in Chile during the agrarian reform period of the 1960s and 1970s through a case study of the province of Cautín, in the indigenous heartlands of the south. Using a combination of written and oral sources, it analyses the responses and strategies of landowners descended from nineteenth-century settlers to the emancipatory projects carried out during the presidencies of Eduardo Frei and Salvador Allende. In the context of an increasingly radicalised agrarian reform programme and a growing number of territorial conflicts with the Mapuche communities, this little-studied political actor developed a collective identity, an ideological discourse and a readiness to use violence which provides important insights into the causes of the military coup carried out in 1973.
Naturalism and the success of science
Authors: HARRISON PETER 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMethodological naturalism is usually regarded as compatible with a range of religious commitments on the part of scientific practitioners and it is typically assumed thatmethodologicalnaturalism does not implymetaphysicalnaturalism. Against this, it has been argued that the cumulative success of the sciences, conducted in conformity with the principle of methodological naturalism, actually provides compelling evidence for the truth of metaphysical naturalism. In this article I assess the argument for naturalism from the history of science and suggest that it is deficient in a number of ways. There may be reasons for adopting naturalism, but the history of science is not the place to look for them.