bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Consumer Welfare and Manufacturer Profit via Government Subsidy Programs: Subsidizing Consumers or Manufacturers?
Authors: Yu Jiayi Joey , Tang Christopher S. , Shen Zuo-Jun Max 
Published: June 2018

Most consumers in rural areas of many developing countries cannot afford to purchase certain livelihood improvement products such as home appliances. To improve consumer welfare and manufacturer profit, many governments launch different types of subsidy programs that offer subsidies to consumers, manufacturers, or both. Motivated by a subsidy program developed by the Chinese government in 2007, we present a parsimonious model to determine the optimal subsidy program in different settings so as to gain a better understanding about the conditions under which it is optimal for the government to subsidize consumers only, manufacturers only, or both. Our analysis reveals that the structure of the optimal subsidy program depends on (a) whether there is a well-established market selling price for the products; and (b) the relative emphasis that the government places on consumer welfare versus manufacturer profit. Also, we find that governments can improve consumer welfare by developing subsidy programs that involve multiple (competing) manufacturers with different market sizes and adequate capacities. Our findings provide insights for developing effective government subsidy programs. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0684 .
Mandatory reporting of female genital mutilation in children in the UK
Authors: Malik Yusuf , Rowland Andrew , Gerry Felicity , Phipps Fiona MacVane 
Published: June 2018

Background While female genital mutilation (FGM) has been illegal in the UK since 1985, research estimated that in 2015 there were over 100 000 women and girls resident in the UK subjected to FGM. Aims To determine the effect of changes in the legislation of 2015, which made reporting of FGM in girls under 18 mandatory. Methods Freedom of Information requests were sent to all 45 UK police authorities, asking the number of cases of FGM reported between specific dates, victims' ages, the occupation of the person reporting and the age and gender breakdown of the police force. Similar requests were sent to health and social care organisations. Findings Of 45 police authorities in the UK, six initially responded, with three stating that no cases of FGM had been reported. The remaining police authorities either provided partial information or declined the request. However, other sources indicated over 6000 reported cases between October 2014 and October 2015. Conclusions The ability of frontline professionals and policymakers to obtain, interpret and use data is affected by the secrecy that surrounds FGM, the complexities of investigation and the absence of a significant numbers of prosecutions.
Postpartum physical activity and sleep levels in overweight, obese and normal-weight mothers
Authors: Warehime Shane , Dinkel Danae , Snyder Kailey , Lee Jung-Min 
Published: June 2018

Background Lack of physical activity and sleep can lead to serious health consequences. One population likely to experience both of these issues is postpartum mothers. Aim To compare physical activity and sleep of overweight/obese and normal weight postpartum mothers. Methods The study recruited 21 mothers in the first 6 months postpartum, who were classified as normal weight or overweight. Activity and sleep levels were gathered via wrist-worn accelerometers at three intervals between 3–6 months postpartum. Findings Overall, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in physical activity. When separated by body mass index (BMI) classification, the ‘normal weight’ group displayed a significant increase in physical activity, while the ‘overweight/obese’ group did not. Normal-weight participants also had the larger increase in physical activity from visit two to three. All participants significantly decreased in sleep levels from visit two to three. Conclusions Discrepancies appeared between the physical activity of overweight/obese and normal-weight mothers. Interventions before and after pregnancy may be key in improving these issues.
Foot and ankle deformities in children with down syndrome
Authors: Perotti L. R. , Abousamra O. , del Pilar Duque Orozco M. , Rogers K. J. , Sees J. P. , Miller F. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose Foot and ankle deformities are common orthopaedic disorders in children with Down syndrome. However, radiographic measurements of the foot and ankle have not been previously reported. The aim of this study is to describe the foot and ankle deformity in children with Down syndrome. Methods Children who had foot and ankle radiographs in the standing weight-bearing position were selected. Three groups of patients were identified. The relationship of radiographic measurements with age, body mass index and pain is discussed. In all, 41 children (79 feet) had foot radiographs and 60 children (117 ankles) had ankle radiographs, with 15 children overlapping between Groups I and II. Results In Group I, hallux valgus deformity was seen before ten years of age and hallux valgus angle increased afterwards. Metatarsus adductus angle showed a significant increase (p = 0.006) with obesity and was higher in patients who had foot pain (p = 0.05). In Group II, none of the ankle measurements showed a significant difference with age or body mass index percentiles. Tibiotalar angle (TTA) and medial distal tibial angle (MDTA) were higher in patients who had ankle pain. In Group III, correlation analysis was performed between the different measurements with the strongest correlations found between TTA and MDTA. Conclusion In children with Down syndrome, radiographic evaluation of the foot and ankle reveals higher prevalence of deformities than clinical examination. However, foot and ankle radiographs are needed only for symptomatic children with pain and gait changes. Level of Evidence Level IV - Prognostic Study
Clinical Assay for AFP-L3 by Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring–Mass Spectrometry for Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Sohn Areum , Yeo Injoon , Yu Su Jong , Yoon Jung-Hwan , Kim Youngsoo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of α-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) is a serum biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AFP-L3 is typically measured by liquid-phase binding assay (LiBA). However, LiBA does not always reflect AFP-L3 concentrations because of its low analytical sensitivity. Thus, we aimed to develop an analytically sensitive multiple reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) assay to quantify AFP-L3 in serum.

METHODS
The assay entailed the addition of a stable isotope-labeled internal standard protein analog, the enrichment of AFP using a monoclonal antibody, the fractionation of AFP-L3 using L. culinaris agglutinin lectin, deglycosylation, trypsin digestion, online desalting, and MRM-MS analysis. The performance of the MRM-MS assay was compared with that of LiBA in 400 human serum samples (100 chronic hepatitis, 100 liver cirrhosis, and 200 HCC). Integrated multinational guidelines were followed to validate the assay for clinical implementation.

RESULTS
The lower limit of quantification of the MRM-MS assay (0.051 ng/mL) for AFP-L3 was less than that of LiBA (0.300 ng/mL). Thus, AFP-L3, which was not observed by LiBA in HCC samples (n = 39), was detected by the MRM-MS assay, improving the clinical value of AFP-L3 as a biomarker by switching to a more analytical sensitive platform. The method was validated, meeting all the criteria in integrated multinational guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS
Because of the lower incidence of false-negative findings, the MRM-MS assay is more suitable than LiBA for early detection of HCC.
‘Wish you were here’: Contemporary views of the Outer Hebrides
Authors: Jaramillo George S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The idealized image of the Outer Hebrides includes wind-swept beaches, isolated peat-covered moors and craggy mountain cliff tops abounding with wildlife. These images are reproduced in countless tourist postcards and websites to entice visitors to visit, explore and of course spend their money on the islands. At the same time, these images create a certain ‘expectation’ of the islands that not only promotes a particular ‘way of seeing’ the landscape but perpetuates a dominant narrative of the ‘wild’ wind-swept islands. This visual project challenges these notions of ‘nature’, wilderness and folk heritage by accepting alternative and ‘minor histories’ of the landscapes. In a subversive nod to the travel postcard, this article explores contemporary issues of island life and landscape through unconventional illustrations of island postcards by its residents and the author. These postcards are themed around contemporary Hebridean issues including isolation, community, landscape and family. The project contemplates an innovative approach to illustration, as ethnographer and critical tourist. Therefore, looking at the fragmentary constellation of images made about the islands that challenges the notion of a ‘wild’ romantic island place, and offering insight into how identity, place and heritage are developed within the region.
Bioética, salud pública y la distinción terapia/realce
Authors: Kottow Miguel Hugo 
Published: June 2018

Los ingentes recursos y esfuerzos en investigación desplegados por la genética, la neurociencia y la nanotecnología exploran procesos vitales y anticipan soluciones terapéuticas para afecciones genéticas y degenerativas severas, metas aún no logradas. Recursos institucionales y militares apoyan desarrollos biotécnicos para intervenir en conductas (antisociales, de eficacia militar) y en realzar atributos cognitivos y morales tanto en personas con problemas (déficit atencional) como en individuos sanos. El realce –enhancement– aumenta inequidades en salud y empoderamiento en desmedro de los menos privilegiados. Las marcadas inequidades en Latinoamérica requieren abordar los valores comprometidos en modificaciones biotécnicas que los más desposeídos no obtendrán.
Shane and the Language of Men
Authors: Ulmer Jesse Gerlach 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Jane Tompkins has argued that a deeply conflicted relationship exists between men and language in the Western. Deploying too much language emasculates Western heroes, men who privilege action over talk. For support, Tompkins turns to a number of moments in Shane, the 1953 film adaptation of the 1949 novel of the same title by Jack Schaefer. Tompkins argues that the film constructs a model of masculinity that wholly rejects language, a move that is destructive and exploitative to self and others. However, a close reexamination of the novel reveals a model of masculinity that is more positive and flexible towards language and gender than Tompkins’s views on the Western suggest. A close rereading of the novel shows that men in Westerns do not always use talk and silence to subjugate women and others, and that the valuing of language over action does not always end in violence or exploitation. Furthermore, the film adaptation of the novel will be examined, a work that occupies a more cherished place in American culture than the novel, a situation that is the reverse of traditional cultural hierarchies in which the literary source material is privileged over the film adaptation. Ultimately, the novel and film are engaging in different ways, yet Schaefer’s novel, rather than being relegated to middle school literature classrooms, rewards serious critical and scholarly attention, particularly in the context of the film adaptation and critical discourse on the representation of masculinity in the Western.
Warum „ekelhaftestes Film-Machwerk“?
Authors: Weissmann Dirk 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
From an intermedial point of view, this paper deals with a hitherto neglected aspect of Elias Canetti’s The Voices of Marrakesh (1968). As I will show, Canetti’s travel log, written after a trip to Morocco in 1954, is closely related to contemporary films, starting with Gavin Lambert’s Another Sky, a movie shot during Canetti’s stay. On the basis of three examples, my paper argues that such films can contribute to a new and better understanding of the specificities of the author’s view of the Moroccan city.
Effect of chronic high-intensity exercise on hunger and satiation and levels of acylated ghrelin and leptin in women
Authors: Koshki Mahmoud Hesar , Mollanovruzi Azam , Lamir Amin Rashid 
Published: June 2018

Summary
Study aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic high-intensity exercise training on hunger, satia­tion, related hormones and weight loss among women who are obese or overweight. Material and methods: The sample group was composed of 25 subjects, divided into two groups: a high-intensity exercise group (n = 15) intensity of 80-90% of maximum heart rate and a non-training control group (n = 10). The blood sample test was performed in two stages of rest, fasted state and before breakfast and an appetite questionnaire was completed. The training procedure was a high-intensity exercise, three sessions a week for twelve weeks and two hours after breakfast. Independent and dependent t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that high-intensity exercise caused a significant loss of weight (p = 0.01) and fat percentage (p = 0.001) and plasma insulin levels (p = 0.03), but it had no effect on hunger and satiation, calorie intake or plasma leptin. Also, it significantly increased the plasma acylated ghrelin (p = 0.04) and maximum oxygen consumption (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it can be noted that high-intensity exercise is suitable for weight loss and not increasing hunger. The lack of calorie intake along with weight loss showed that negative energy balance caused no appetite compensatory responses. Also, high-intensity exercise stimulates physiological responses to increase appetite, but it did not affect the feeling of appetite. In other words, changes in mental and physiological appetite because of high-intensity exercise do not match.
Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy: an expert consensus
Authors: Bartoletti Michele , Antonelli Massimo , Bruno Blasi Francesco Arturo , Casagranda Ivo , Chieregato Arturo , Fumagalli Roberto , Girardis Massimo , Pieralli Filippo , Plebani Mario , Rossolini Gian Maria , Sartelli Massimo , Viaggi Bruno , Viale Pierluigi , Viscoli Claudio , Pea Federico 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground:Procalcitonin (PCT) is a useful biomarker of bacterial infection and its use is associated to reduced duration of antibiotic therapy in the setting of intensive care medicine. To address the need of practical guidance for the use of PCT in various clinical settings, a group of experts was invited to participate at a consensus process with the aims of defining the rationale for appropriate use of PCT and for improving the management of critically ill patients with sepsis.Methods:A group of 14 experts from anesthesiology and critical care, infectious diseases, internal medicine, pulmonology, clinical microbiology, laboratory medicine, clinical pharmacology and methodology provided expert opinion through a modified Delphi process, after a comprehensive literature review.Results:The appropriateness of use of PCT in terms of diagnosis, prognosis and antimicrobial stewardship was assessed for different scenarios or settings such us management of infection in the emergency department, regular wards, surgical wards or in the intensive care unit. Similarly, appropriateness and timing of PCT measurement were evaluated. All the process consisted in three Delphi rounds.Conclusions:PCT use is appropriate in algorithms for antibiotic de-escalation and discontinuation. In this case, reproducible, high sensitive assays should be used. However, initiation or escalation of antibiotic therapy in specific scenarios, including acute respiratory infections, should not be based solely on PCT serum levels. Clinical and radiological findings, evaluation of severity of illness and of patient’s characteristics should be taken into proper account in order to correctly interpret PCT results.
Special Input Devices Integration to LIRKIS CAVE
Authors: Hudák Marián , Korečko Štefan , Sobota Branislav 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
LIRKIS CAVE is a unique immersive virtual reality installation with a compact cylinder-based construction and a high-quality stereoscopic video output rendered on twenty 55” Full HD LCD panels. While the video output of the CAVE provides a high level of immersion to a virtual world, its original implementation of peripherals support had a negative impact because of a limited number of supported devices and certain performance issues. In this paper we describe a new, distributed, peripheral devices support implementation for the LIRKIS CAVE, which solves the performance issues and allows for ease of integration of new input devices into the CAVE. We also present a successful integration of a special input device, the Myo armband,which allows a natural and unobtrusive gesture-based control of virtual environments. The integration includes a newly developed control and monitoring application for the Myo, called MLCCS, which utilization is not limited to CAVE systems or virtual reality applications.
Global attractivity for Volterra type Hadamard fractional integral equations in Fréchet spaces
Authors: Abbas Saïd , Agarwal Ravi P. , Benchohra Mouffak , Berhoun Farida 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we present some results concerning the existence and the attractivity of solutions for some functional integral equations of Hadamard fractional order. We use an extension of the Burton-Kirk fixed point theorem in Fréchet spaces.
Youth Ministry Research and the Empirical
Authors: de Kock Jos , Hallesby Norheim Bård E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this article is to discuss how one can understand empirical observations as a starting point for practical theological research, which is geared towards developing theological reflection, with a particular focus on the faith practices of children and young people. Three basic skills are suggested as keys in scholarly engagement with children and young people: observation as reception, listening as reception, and the importance of learning language. The authors show what happens theologically when youth ministry scholars apply these skills in practical theological research that focuses on the faith practices of young people.
Growth and Quality of Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Foliar Application of Organic-Chelate Fertilizers
Authors: Aslani Maryam , Souri Mohammad Kazem 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Organic-based chelate fertilizers can effectively improve nutrient uptake and use efficiency of plants. In the present study, foliar applications of three organic-chelate fertilizers on green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants were compared to soil application of a mix chemical fertilizer (NPK) under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were foliar application (six sprays at 0.2% concentration) of Biomin, Humifolin, DelfonPlus, a mixture of micro and macronutrients, soil application of chemical fertilizer (NPK 0.5 g.kg-1 soil), and no fertilizer control. Foliar applications of organic-chelate fertilizers improved plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, leaf N and K concentration, pod number and pod yield compared to control plants. Pod soluble solids, vitamin C and total protein contents were significantly increased by foliar application of organic-chelate fertilizers. Soil applied NPK also improved green bean productivity compared to no fertilizer control. For most plant growth traits, there was no significant difference among the three organic-chelates. Foliar application of the macro- micro- nutrient mixture was not able to enhance the same growth, yield and pod quality traits like organic-chelates. Therefore, application of nutrient elements in form of organic-chelate and particularly by foliar application can guarantee better green bean plant performance.
Mechanical, Microstructural and Thermal Characterization of Epoxy-Based Human Hair–Reinforced Composites
Authors: Verma Akarsh , Singh V. K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Owing to their biodegradable nature and cost-effectiveness, natural fibers have attracted the attention of various material scientists. One such fiber is human hair (HH), which is viscoelastic-plastic in nature and encloses well-characterized microstructures within it. An important aspect is that a strand of HH having a diameter of 60 μm is capable of withstanding a force of 100–150 grams/fiber. However, wastage of HH on an enormous scale poses an environmental challenge. Therefore, the authors have utilized this novel fiber in the field of composites and revealed the systematic methodology of fabricating HH with polymers using the wet hand lay-up technique. The diverse compositions of polymer-HH composite, with varying HH weight percentages (wt.%) of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 %, were put to investigation. In the present work, treatment of HH with potassium hydroxide and curing of polymer further enhanced the bonding properties of composites. The specimens were examined micro-structurally through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) tests, followed by the mechanical tests: tensile, compression, flexural, hardness, and impact. Both the microstructural and mechanical tests complemented each other and confirmed that the cured polymer composite speckled with 7 wt.% of HH fiber content was the best of all formulations, as it provided the highest magnification in mechanical properties relative to neat polymer. Finally, the thermal analysis was done via thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques.
Experimental Evaluation of Consolidation Behavior of Double-Layer Soft Soil Ground
Authors: Lei Huayang , Ren Qian , Jiang Yan , Jiang Mingjing 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Double-layer grounds are characterized by one layer of soft soil on the top of another, which are frequently encountered in land reclamation projects in China. Consolidation behavior of the double-layer grounds is complicated compared with that of single-layer soil because of the complex drainage conditions that exist between two soil layers and the different consolidation properties of the two soils. The consolidation behavior of the double-layer ground becomes more complicated when it is subjected to a surcharge preloading. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the consolidation behavior of individual soils that make up the double-layer ground as well as the double-layer ground as a whole. In this article, double-layer specimens were prepared to simulate double-layer grounds, which include an upper layer clay with high plasticity and a lower layer clay with low plasticity. Consolidation tests were performed on both single-layer specimens and double-layer specimens using a modified consolidation test device. The influences of surcharge ratio and surcharge preloading duration on the consolidation behavior of double-layer ground, such as consolidation settlement and consolidation rates, were studied in addition to the influence of the thickness ratio (i.e., the ratio of the thickness of the upper layer of soil to the lower layer of soil). The experimental results show that a longer surcharge preloading duration could reduce the time needed to complete the rebound of the double-layer ground. The secondary consolidation settlement of double-layer ground can be reduced by increasing either the surcharge ratio or surcharge preloading duration. In addition, an increase in the thickness ratio could result in an increase in the primary consolidation settlement and a decrease in the consolidation rate. However, the effect of the thickness ratio on the consolidation settlement and the consolidation rate gradually decreased with the increase in the thickness ratio.