bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rapid and simple clonality assay for bovine leukemia virus-infected cells by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis
Authors: Kobayashi Tomoko , Makimoto Sakurako , Ohnuki Nagaki , Hossain Md Belal , Jahan M. Ishrat , Matsuo Misaki , Imakawa Kazuhiko , Satou Yorifumi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), although eradicated in some European countries, is still the most common neoplastic disease of cattle, caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV). During the progression of EBL, BLV-infected cells clonally expand, and some of which result in tumor onset. The clonality of BLV-infected cells is generally evaluated with NGS or Sanger sequencing. Although these methods clearly distinguish EBL from non-EBL cases, the procedures are complex and not practical for routine veterinary diagnosis. In this study, we developed an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis for BLV clonality assay (BLV-AFLP). This analysis uses restriction enzyme digestion to amplify the chimeric regions of BLV 3’ linear transcribed region (LTR) and host genome through conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and visualizes the results by gel-electrophoresis. The method was established using cattle samples representing different stages of the disease: BLV-uninfected, non-EBL, and EBL cattle. Non-EBL cattle showed smeared bands, indicating polyclonal proliferation, while EBL cattle showed distinct bands, indicating clonal expansion. The results of BLV-AFLP correlated well with those of previously reported methods, suggesting its efficacy in detecting clonal proliferation. The validation using blood samples of non-EBL cattle and tumor samples of EBL cattle confirmed that BLV-AFLP could effectively identify clonal proliferation in EBL samples. Moreover, the emergence of dominant clones in the tumor at later stages was successfully detected before EBL onset in some cattle, highlighting its sensitivity and potential for early detection. Overall, BLV-AFLP is suitable for practical use in the field, improving BLV management strategies and minimizing economic losses.

IMPORTANCE
Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is routinely diagnosed based on external manifestations at the farm, such as the presence of tumors and/or general lymph node enlargement. However, due to the nonspecific clinical manifestations of EBL, over half of EBL cases are unrecognized at the farm, with most cases being diagnosed during postmortem inspection at the slaughterhouse. Early detection and monitoring of clonal expansion are necessary for managing EBL and reducing economic losses. In this study, we developed BLV-AFLP that represents a significant advancement in the diagnosis of EBL in cattle. This method can rapidly assess the clonal proliferation of BLV-infected cells, crucial for distinguishing between asymptomatic and EBL cattle. Additionally, tracking clonal dynamics offers insights into the disease’s progression, potentially providing strategies for avoiding economic losses. Overall, as BLV-AFLP is a simple and rapid test for detecting EBL, it is feasible and efficient for routine veterinary practice.
Efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam with or without polymyxin for carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
infections after initial treatment with polymyxin
Authors: Lu Jingli , Ma Yani , Cao Zhe , Zhu Baoling , Fan Luna , Meng Haiyang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Although polymyxins are a suboptimal option for difficult-to-treat resistant infections, they are still preferred as the first-line treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study assesses the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) following polymyxin B failure in patients with carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CRKP) infections. We retrospectively reviewed cases of infections caused by CRKP in adults who received CAZ-AVI as salvage therapy. Clinical features and outcomes were described, and a logistic regression model was used to assess the risk factors associated with in-hospital crude mortality. One hundred and six patients were included in this study. The median age was 56 years. The most common infectious sites were lung. The patients received CAZ-AVI as salvage therapy for a median duration of 9 days following initial treatment with polymyxin B (median, 12.5 days). Also, 91 (85.8%) patients received CAZ-AVI combination therapy, and 34 (32.1%) patients received CAZ-AVI in combination with polymyxin B. The rate of in-hospital crude mortality was 25.5% (27/106), with the highest rate observed in patients treated with regimens containing polymyxin B (41.2%; 14/34). Therapeutic response was observed in 81 (76.4%) patients, with microbiological eradication achieved in 77.1% (74/96) of cases. Multivariable analysis identified that the length of intensive care unit stays, the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at CAZ-AVI withdrawal, and regimens containing polymyxin B were independently associated with in-hospital mortality, whereas the duration of CAZ-AVI treatment was independently associated with survival. CAZ-AVI salvage therapy demonstrated improved survival outcomes in patients who experienced failure with polymyxin B therapy.

IMPORTANCE

For patients with carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CRKP) infections, published experience with salvage therapy is limited after the failure of polymyxin-based initial therapy. Here, we found that ceftazidime-avibactam salvage therapy for patients with CRKP infections offers benefit in mortality.
Real-time, in situ viscosity mapping of active lava
Authors: Harris M. A. , Chevrel M. O. , Parsons J. T. , Latchimy T. , Thordarson T. , Höskuldsson A. , Moreland W. M. , Payet–Clerc M. , Kolzenburg S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Viscosity is a fundamental physical property that controls lava flow dynamics, runout distance, and velocity, which are critical factors in assessing and mitigating risks associated with effusive eruptions. Natural lava viscosity is driven by a dynamic interplay among melt, crystals, and bubbles in response to the emplacement conditions. These conditions are challenging to replicate in laboratory experiments, yet this remains the most common method for quantifying lava rheology. Few in situ viscosity measurements exist, but none of those constrains the spatial evolution of viscosity along an entire active lava flow field. Here, we present the first real-time, in situ viscosity map of active lava as measured in the field at Litli-Hrútur, Iceland. We precisely measured a lava viscosity increase of over two orders of magnitude, associated with a temperature decrease, crystallinity increase, and vesicularity decrease from near-vent to distal locations, crossing the pāhoehoe–‘a‘ā transition. Our data expand the limited database of three-phase lava viscosity, which is crucial for improvements and validation of the current numerical, experimental, and petrological approaches used to estimate lava viscosity. Further, this study showcases that field viscometry provides a rapid, accurate, and precise assessment of lava viscosity that can be implemented in eruptive response modeling of lava transport.
Effect of Partial Knockout of the Plastid Starch Phosphorylase Gene NtPHO1-L1 on the Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Carotenoids in Nicotiana tabacum L. Leaves
Authors: Nezhdanova A. V. , Kulakova A. V. , Slugina M. A. , Kamionskaya A. M. , Kochieva E. Z. , Shchennikova A. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Starch metabolism is regulated by a complex catalytic network, one of the key enzymes of which is the plastid starch phosphorylase PHO1. In this study, using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we obtained tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants with a partial knockout of the NtPHO1-L1 gene due to deletion variants of the catalytic domain of the NtPHO1-L1 protein, leading to the formation of nonfunctional forms of the enzyme. The edited lines differed from wild-type plants by increased starch accumulation and decreased content of sugars, chlorophylls, and carotenoids in the leaves. It was shown that, compared to the control, the edited plants were characterized by differential expression of starch (NtPHO1-L1, NtGWD, NtBAM1, NtBAM9, NtAI) and carotenoid (NtPSY2, NtPDS, NtZDS, NtCRTISO, NtVDE) metabolism genes, as well as genes encoding MADS-domain transcription factors (NtFUL1, NtSEP1, NtSEP2, NtSEP3), which are presumably involved in the regulation of transcription of the studied metabolic genes. These data suggest that partial knockout of NtPHO1-L1 alters the functional activity of tobacco starch phosphorylase. This, in turn, may influence the coordinated activity of starch catabolism enzymes, as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis enzymes, possibly through differential expression of MADS-box genes. The results highlight the critical regulatory role of plastid starch phosphorylase in transient starch metabolism and in stimulating plant photosynthesis.
Data for whom?Experiences and perceptions of a perinatal eRegistry in two hospitals in Mtwara region, Tanzania
Authors: Molenaar Jil , Kikula Amani , Kionga Yusufu , Berenge Hassan Tearish , Benova Lenka , van Olmen Josefien , Hanson Claudia , Abeid Muzdalifat , Pembe Andrea Barnabas 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionDigital data systems have the potential to improve data quality and provide individual-level information to understand gaps in the quality of care. This study explored experiences and perceptions of a perinatal eRegistry in two hospitals in Mtwara region, Tanzania. Drawing from realist evaluation and systems thinking, we go beyond a descriptive account of stakeholders’ experiences and provide insight into key structural drivers and underlying social paradigms.MethodsWe carried out 6 weeks of focused ethnographic observations at the labour wards of the two hospitals and 29 semi-structured qualitative interviews with labour ward staff, as well as with administrative and managerial stakeholders at hospital, district and regional levels. Multi-stage reflexive thematic data analysis was carried out.ResultsWe provide an in-depth account of the day-to-day functioning of the eRegistry in the two hospitals, including both aspects of positive change and key challenges with its integration into routine documentation duties. Experiences with and perceptions of the eRegistry were inextricably linked to broader systemic constraints relating to staffing, workload and infrastructure. A key underlying theme shaping the way people engaged with the eRegistry was the notion of data ownership: the presence or absence of a feeling of being responsible, involved and in control of data.ConclusionSome of the key systemic challenges in recording accurate, timely information about women and their babies are not solved by digital tools. Our findings also underline that when healthcare workers feel that data are not primarily for them, they document only for reporting purposes. The eRegistry increased a sense of data ownership among the nurse-midwives directly involved with data entry, but the potential for promoting and supporting data use feedback loops for improvement in care provision remained largely untapped. Our findings highlight the importance of local relevance and ownership in digitisation of routine health information systems.
Effectiveness of different pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions on preventing coughing during extubation: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Gong Zhichao , Wu Yixuan , Yang Di , Li Qian , Yang Longjun , Yang Lei 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionCoughing during extubation can lead to several postoperative complications, including surgical site bleeding, intracranial hypertension and high intraocular pressure. Currently, various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are employed in clinical practice to reduce coughing during extubation. However, it is unclear which of these interventions has the best preventive effect and the fewest adverse events. Therefore, we plan to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the effects of all interventions.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI and Wanfang databases, as well as reference lists from previously published papers, from the date of their inception to April 2024. We will only include randomised controlled trials, regardless of publication in any language. The primary outcome is the incidence of cough during extubation, using the modified Minogue scales. The secondary outcomes are as follows: (1) the incidence of severe coughing (grade 4); (2) the incidence of other types of postoperative airway complications, such as laryngospasm, apnoea, hypoxaemia and sore throat, which will be evaluated within 24 hours after surgery; (3) the side effects related to the interventions, such as bradycardia (heart rate less than 60 beats per minute), hypotension or allergic reactions, which will be evaluated within 24 hours from the start of the drug to the postoperative period and (4) the time from the end of the surgery to the extubation of the endotracheal tube. The articles meeting the criteria will be independently evaluated by two researchers based on the established screening criteria. The data will then be extracted. Bias will be assessed for all included studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Risk Assessment Tool Version 2. We will use the Netmeta package of the R software with a random-effects model to make direct and indirect comparisons through the frequency framework. We will assess the quality of evidence using Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this protocol, as we will only pool published data. We plan to submit our manuscript for publication in a peer-reviewed academic journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023401609.
Magnitude of late presentation for induced abortion care services and the associated factors among reproductive-age women at selected hospitals in the South Gondar district of Northwest Ethiopia in 2023: a multicentred, cross-sectional study
Authors: Dagnaw Eyaya Habtie , Berta Marta , Cherkos Endehsaw Admasu , Mequannent Endalamaw Wondie 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the magnitude of and the factors associated with late presentation for induced abortion care services at hospitals in the South Gondar district of Ethiopia.DesignThis study employed an institution-based, cross-sectional design.SettingThe study was conducted at five hospitals in the South Gondar district of Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 381 women recruited through systematic random sampling techniques from October 2022 to February 2023 participated in the study. All women presenting for safe abortion care services at selected hospitals during the data collection period were included, whereas induced abortion care service due to the pregnancy being a high risk to maternal health or at high risk for fetal anomaly were excluded from the study. Data were collected at the abortion clinic at the time of presentation through face-to-face interviews using a pretested and structured questionnaire.Outcome measuresThe magnitude of and the factors associated with late presentation for induced abortion care service were assessed in the study.Statistical analysisThe collected data were entered and coded using EpiData V.4.6, and SPSS V.25 was used for analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify the factors associated with the outcome variable. The level of significance was declared at a p value of <0.05.ResultsThe magnitude of late presentation for induced abortion care service was 21.5% (95% CI 17.7, 25.7). Being a rural resident (adjusted OR (AOR) = 1.934; 95% CI 1.010, 3.703), history of use of contraceptives (AOR=0.462; 95% CI 0.227, 0.938), having irregular menstrual cycles (AOR=5.132; 95% CI 2.648, 9.944), delayed decision for termination (AOR=8.196; 95% CI 3.996, 16.808) and pregnancy resulting from incest (AOR=2.549; 95% CI 1.286, 5.052) were factors significantly associated with late presentation for induced abortion care.ConclusionIncreased awareness and education in rural communities related to late presentations for induced abortion and the associated complications may facilitate timely decision-making in the context of induced abortion, resulting in reduced morbidity and mortality.
Allostatic load modelling, lifestyle and cardiological risk factor: evidence for integrating patient profiling in the optimisation of pharmacological therapies during follow-ups in hospital setting – PLAY-UP cohort study protocol
Authors: Di Giacomo Dina , Sciarra Luigi , Fusco Liuba , Robles Antonio Gianluca , Pernat Andrej , Romano Silvio 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe allostatic load (AL) is a framework for conceptualising the physiological multisystemic impact of prolonged exposure to stress and its related side effects on mental health.Stress due to AL can influence the development and outcomes of cardiovascular diseases. AL increases the risk of coronary and peripherical artery diseases. AL emerges from the detection of emotional dimensions related to the disease, low psychosocial functioning and high rates of psychopathological signs in patients with hypertension or coronary heart disease.Method and analysisThe primary endpoint of the PLAY-UP protocol is the implementation of a multidimensional model underlying the clinical treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease through the integration of medical and psychological clinical variables.PLAY-UP is a cohort study that will last for 24 months. 200 participants will be recruited and divided into three groups: early disease, midterm disease and long disease. All patients will undergo a clinical evaluation based on the detection of biological, medical and psychological indicators and variables. The evaluation battery will comprise three types of measurements: medical, psychological and pharmacological treatments. Clinical and psychological measurements will be processed in an integrated manner through the combination of all variables examined, elaborating the Allostatic Load Index from a longitudinal time perspective. The Allostatic Load Index will be calculated by measuring the z-score.Ethics and disseminationEthical Committee Approval was obtained from CEtRA Abruzzo Region (IT) (ID 0461499/23). The results of the present project will be published in peer-reviewed journals, disseminated electronically and in print, and presented as abstracts and/or personal communications during national and international conferences.
Impact of Ramadan fasting on kidney function and related outcomes in chronic kidney disease and kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bello Aminu Kasarawa , Lloyd Anita , Osman Mohamed Abdullahi , Kurzawa Julia , Chambers Thane , Habib Syed , Olah Michelle E , Habeeb Zahraa , Qarni Uwais , Shojai Soroush , Pauly Robert Peter 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesRamadan fasting is an Islamic religious practice involving abstinence from food and drink from dawn to sunset. Its consequences on kidney-relevant outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney transplant recipients remain unclear.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched up to 18 September 2023.Eligibility criteriaWe included observational studies among non-dialysis CKD and kidney transplant recipients who fasted during Ramadan and examined changes in kidney function.Data extraction and synthesisStandardised methods were used by two independent reviewers to screen, select and extract data. Outcomes included changes in serum creatinine (SCr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, blood pressure, electrolytes and adverse events—all pre- and post-Ramadan. Results were pooled using random effects modelling.ResultsWe included 32 observational studies with a total of 2592 participants. 21 studies reported on participants with CKD and 11 studies reported on kidney transplant recipients (studies variably including non-fasting control arms). Meta-analysis of 25 studies revealed that Ramadan fasting was not associated with changes to SCr for the following groups according to study design: CKDwitha non-fasting arm (mean difference (MD)=0.82 µmol/L; 95% CI −7.22, 8.86; I2=38%); transplantwitha non-fasting arm (MD=−0.17 µmol/L; 95% CI −2.50, 2.15; I2=0%) and CKDwithouta non-fasting arm (post–pre MD=13.84 µmol/L; 95% CI −3.78, 31.47; I2=88%). For transplant studieswithouta non-fasting arm, lower SCr was associated with the post-Ramadan period (post–pre MD=−5.40 µmol/L; 95% CI –10.78, –0.02; I2=0%). In the 18 studies that reported on eGFR, fasting during Ramadan was not associated with an effect on eGFR for any of the groups.ConclusionWe report inconsistent effects of Ramadan fasting on kidney function in CKD or kidney transplantation. Results should be interpreted with caution due to the significant limitations of the underlying studies.
Knowledge of stroke risk factors and prevention among hypertensive patients on follow-up at Addis Ababa University Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tuli Wagari , Teshome Eyuel , Jiru Tlahun 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess knowledge of stroke risk factors and prevention among hypertensive patients on follow-up at Addis Ababa University Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study design.SettingThis study was conducted at Addis Ababa University Tertiary Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsThe sample size was determined using the single population proportion calculation. A list of all patients with hypertension on follow-up was framed from the appointment book of the cardiovascular clinic. Then, 316 participants were recruited by simple random sampling procedure from 18 April 2022 to 19 May 2022. The study included all patients with hypertension >18 years of age who were on follow-up during the data-collecting period. In contrast, patients with memory loss or cognitive impairment and who are unable to communicate were excluded from the study.ResultWith a response rate of 96.8%, 306 respondents in total were questioned. The average age of the participants was 53.6 years (SD±13.4). More than half of participants (52.9%) were female. The average score for understanding stroke risk factors and prevention is 44.1% and 49.7%, respectively. Knowledge of stroke risk factors was substantially correlated with residency and educational level, while knowledge of stroke prevention was significantly associated with sex, income and educational level.ConclusionThis study indicates that patients with hypertension who participated in the study had poor knowledge of stroke risk factors and prevention. The mean score of knowledge on risk factors and prevention strategies of stroke is 44.1% and 49.7%, respectively, and needs improvement.