bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced N-acetyl-d-neuraminic production from glycerol and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli with a two-stage pH-shift control strategy
Authors: Zhu De-qiang , Wu Jian-rong , Zhan Xiao-bei , Zhu Li , Jiang Yun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Typical N-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) production uses N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and excess pyruvate as substrates in the enzymatic or whole-cell biocatalysis process. In a previous study, a Neu5Ac-producing biocatalytic process via engineered Escherichia coli SA-05/pDTrc-AB/pCDF-pck-ppsA was constructed without exogenous pyruvate. In this study, glycerol was found to be a good energy source compared with glucose for the catalytic system with resting cells, and Neu5Ac production increased to 13.97 ± 0.27 g L−1. In addition, a two-stage pH shift strategy was carried out, and the Neu5Ac yield was improved to 14.61 ± 0.31 g L−1. The GlcNAc concentration for Neu5Ac production was optimized. Finally, an integrated strategy was developed for Neu5Ac production, and the Neu5Ac yield reached as high as 18.17 ± 0.27 g L−1. These results provide a new biocatalysis technology for Neu5Ac production without exogenous pyruvate.
Multi-allelic QTL analysis of protein content in a bi-parental population of cultivated tetraploid potato
Authors: Klaassen Michiel T. , Bourke Peter M. , Maliepaard Chris , Trindade Luisa M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProtein content is a key quality trait for the potato starch industry. The objective of this study was to identify allele-specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for tuber protein content in cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) at the tetraploid level. We analysed 496 full-sib F1clones in a 3-year field trial to dissect the complex genetic architecture of soluble tuber protein content. Genotypic data from a 60K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was used for SNP dosage scoring, constructing homologue specific linkage maps and assembly of a dense integrated chromosomal linkage map. From the integrated map, probabilistic multi-locus identity-by-descent (IBD) haplotypes (alleles) were estimated and used to detect associations between the IBD haplotypes and the phenotypic trait values. Moderate levels of trait heritability were estimated between 40 and 74% that correspond with previous studies. Our contemporary naive analysis identified potential additive QTLs on chromosomes2,3,5(top arm) and9across the years. Moreover, cofactor QTL analysis identified two masked QTLs on chromosomes1and5(lower arm). The QTLs on chromosomes2,5(lower arm) and9are reported here for the first time. The QTLs that we identified on chromosomes1,3and5(top arm) show overlap with previous studies for protein content in potato. Collectively the naive QTLs explained 12 to 17% of the phenotypic variance. The underlying alleles of the QTLs provided both positive and negative effects on the phenotype. Our work uncovers the complex genetic architecture of this trait and describes potential breeding strategies for improvement. As protein has emerged as a high-value component from industrial potato starch production, the dissection of the genetic architecture and subsequent improvement of this trait by breeding has great economic and environmental relevance.
Radiographic Musculoskeletal Findings Indicating Opioid Misuse: An Overview for Orthopedic Surgeons
Authors: Greditzer Harry G. , Massel Dustin H. , Barrera Carlos M. , Emerson Christopher P. , Rizzo Michael G. , Ezuddin Nisreen , Brasil Camila , Nuno Ane Ugarte , Jose Jean 
Published: January 2019

Background Given the high prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions in the USA, it is important for orthopedic surgeons to promptly identify patients who may be at risk for opioid misuse. Questions/Purposes The aim of this literature review was to elucidate various musculoskeletal pathologies and complications, as seen on imaging, that may indicate opioid misuse or opioid use disorder. Methods A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for articles related to imaging findings associated with chronic opioid use or misuse in orthopedic patients. Two independent reviewers conducted the search utilizing pertinent Boolean operations. Results We reviewed 36 full-text articles and categorized the radiographic evidence of opioid misuse as follows: soft-tissue radiologic findings, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, abscess formation, retained needles, discitis, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and septic thrombophlebitis. Conclusion Knowledge of the radiologic findings of opioid misuse will assist orthopedic surgeons in making timely diagnoses that may alter therapeutic regimens for their patients.
Complement protein levels in plasma astrocyte‐derived exosomes are abnormal in conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease dementia
Authors: Winston Charisse N. , Goetzl Edward J. , Schwartz Janice B. , Elahi Fanny M. , Rissman Robert A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionLevels of complement proteins (CPs) in plasma astrocyte‐derived exosomes (ADEs) that are abnormal in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been assessed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsParticipants (n = 20 per group) had either MCI converting to dementia within 3 years (MCIC), MCI remaining stable over 3 years (MCIS), Alzheimer's disease, or were controls. CPs of ADEs isolated from plasmas by anti‐human glutamine aspartate transporter antibody absorption were quantified by ELISAs.ResultsADE levels of C1q and C4b of the classical pathway, factor D and fragment Bb of the alternative pathway, and C5b, C3b, and C5b‐C9 of both pathways were significantly higher in patients with MCIC than those with MCIS. ADE levels of inhibitory CPs decay‐accelerating factor, CD46, CD59, and type 1 complement receptor were significantly lower in patients with MCIC than those with MCIS.DiscussionADE CPs are components of neurotoxic neuroinflammation that may be predictive biomarkers of MCI conversion to Alzheimer's disease.
Imazamox Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism by Cereal Rye (Secale cereale) at Low Temperatures
Authors: Ostlie Michael H. , Shaner Dale , Bridges Melissa , Westra Phillip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCereal rye (Secale cerealeL.) control in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) can be difficult with existing selective herbicides. High phenotypic diversity within populations coupled with suboptimal herbicide application conditions leads to varying degrees of control with herbicide treatments. The following research focused on the consequence of low temperature on imazamox fate inS. cereale. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the number of warm-temperature days required for imazamox to controlS. cereale. Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of imazamox was evaluated under warm (22/18C) and cold (4/4C) temperatures to identify changes to the fate of imazamox under different environmental conditions. In greenhouse conditions, more than 5 d of warm temperature following herbicide application was required to achieve 80%S. cerealemortality. Absorption of imazamox was reduced 20% whenS. cerealewas subjected to cold compared with warm temperatures. Only 10% of applied imazamox was moved from the treated leaf in continuous cool temperatures compared with greater than 60% in warm conditions. In cold conditions, imazamox content increased in all tested plant parts evaluated for the duration of the study, whereas in warm conditions, imazamox concentrations decreased in root and crown tissues after 3 d. Imazamox behavior was affected more by temperature thanS. cerealegrowth stage.Secale cerealemetabolism of imazamox was reduced, but not stopped in cold temperatures. After 6 d, only a 10% difference in intact imazamox remained between temperature treatments. In cold temperatures, reduced absorption and translocation, coupled with continued metabolism, allow plants to recover from an otherwise lethal imazamox treatment.
Paleomagnetic Constraints on the Origin and Drift History of the North Qiangtang Terrane in the Late Paleozoic
Authors: Ma Yiming , Wang Qiang , Wang Jun , Yang Tianshui , Tan Xiaodong , Dan Wei , Zhang Xiuzheng , Ma Lin , Wang Zilong , Hu Wanlong , Zhang Shihong , Wu Huaichun , Li Haiyan , Cao Liwan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo better constrain the origin and drift history of the North Qiangtang terrane (NQT), we report a well‐dated paleomagnetic pole from the Late Permian volcanics of the NQT that appears to average out secular variation. Our new results yield a paleolatitude of −7.6 ± 5.6°N at ~259 Ma for our sampling area, which confirms the NQT drifted northward during the Permian and Triassic periods. The equatorial paleolatitude of the NQT is similar to that of the coeval South China block, demonstrating that they were in close proximity. Combined with palaeontological and magmatic evidence, paleomagnetic constraints on the drift of the NQT in the Permian indicate that the NQT moved northward together with the South China block at this time. The paleolatitude evolution of the NQT implies that the NQT rifted from the northern margin of the Gondwana in the Devonian, which is earlier than the departure time of the South Qiangtang terrane.
Longer Migration and Spontaneous Decay of Aseismic Slip Pulse Caused by Fault Roughness
Authors: Ozawa So W. , Hatano Takahiro , Kame Nobuki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt has been known that natural faults possess rough profiles, which may play a vital role in earthquake dynamics. Here we examine the effect of fault roughness in the earthquake nucleation process using the rate and state friction law with the slip evolution law. The nucleation process on rough faults behaves as accelerating and migrating aseismic slip pulse, which is similar to previous studies for flat faults. However, the migration distance on rough faults is much larger than flat faults. The effect of fault roughness on the aseismic slip pulse migration is described by a single parameter known as the roughness drag, which depends on the amplitude, the minimum wavelength, and the Hurst exponent of the fault roughness profile. We also show that aseismic slip pulse cannot accelerate to dynamic rupture and ceases spontaneously if the roughness drag exceeds the static stress drop.
Separating the Influences of Land Warming, the Direct CO2 Effect, the Plant Physiological Effect, and SST Warming on Regional Precipitation Changes
Authors: Chadwick Robin , Ackerley Duncan , Ogura Tomoo , Dommenget Dietmar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRegional precipitation responses to land warming are separated from other aspects of CO2 forcing using idealized atmosphere‐only climate model experiments. Land warming is crucial in determining the regional responses to direct CO2 forcing and the plant physiological effect and partially mitigates the response to sea surface temperature (SST) warming. The plant physiological effect causes large reductions in transpiration over forest regions but also produces significant land warming which increases moisture convergence in tropical forest regions, opposing transpiration‐related reductions in precipitation. The balance between these two large terms differs by region and explains why some regions actually experience increased precipitation in response to reduced transpiration. Regional circulation changes driven by increased CO2 atmospheric radiative heating appear to be mainly related to land‐sea differences in water cycle adjustments rather than spatial variations in radiative heating. This drives increased rainfall in several monsoon regions, particularly over West Africa. SST warming generally leads to reduced precipitation over land and increases over the oceans, while the associated land warming enhances moisture convergence and precipitation over land. However, the combination of SST and land warming effects is highly nonlinear in the tropics, which is likely to be because of strong coupling between precipitation change and land warming.
Tectonic Evolution of the Pamir Recorded in the Western Tarim Basin (China): Sedimentologic and Magnetostratigraphic Analyses of the Aertashi Section
Authors: Blayney Tamsin , Dupont‐Nivet Guillaume , Najman Yani , Proust Jean‐Noël , Meijer Niels , Roperch Pierrick , Sobel Edward R. , Millar Ian , Guo Zhaojie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe northward indentation of the Pamir salient into the Tarim basin at the western syntaxis of the India‐Asia collision zone is the focus of controversial models linking lithospheric to surface and atmospheric processes. Here we report on tectonic events recorded in the most complete and best‐dated sedimentary sequences from the western Tarim basin flanking the eastern Pamir (the Aertashi section), based on sedimentologic, provenance, and magnetostratigraphic analyses. Increased tectonic subsidence and a shift from marine to continental fluvio‐deltaic deposition at 41 Ma indicate that far‐field deformation from the south started to affect the Tarim region. A sediment accumulation hiatus from 24.3 to 21.6 Ma followed by deposition of proximal conglomerates is linked to fault propagation into the Tarim basin. From 21.6 to 15.0 Ma, increasing accumulation rates of fining upward clastics is interpreted as the expression of a major dextral transtensional system linking the Kunlun to the Tian Shan ahead of the northward Pamir indentation. At 15.0 Ma, the appearance of North Pamir‐sourced conglomerates followed at 11 Ma by Central Pamir‐sourced volcanics coincides with a shift to E‐W compression, clockwise vertical‐axis rotations and the onset of growth strata associated with the activation of the local east vergent Qimugen thrust wedge. Together, this enables us to interpret that Pamir indentation into Tarim had started by 24.3 Ma, reached the study location by 15.0 Ma and had passed it by 11 Ma, providing kinematic constraints on proposed tectonic models involving intracontinental subduction and delamination.
Tidal Behavior and Water‐Level Changes in Gravel Aquifers in Response to Multiple Earthquakes: A Case Study From New Zealand
Authors: Weaver K. C. , Doan M.‐L. , Cox S. C. , Townend J. , Holden C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEarthquakes have been inferred to induce hydrological changes in aquifers on the basis of either changes to well water‐levels or tidal behavior, but the relationship between these changes remains unclear. Here, changes in tidal behavior and water‐levels are quantified using a hydrological network monitoring gravel aquifers in Canterbury, New Zealand, in response to nine earthquakes (of magnitudes Mw 5.4 to 7.8) that occurred between 2008 and 2015. Of the 161 wells analyzed, only 35 contain water‐level fluctuations associated with “Earth + Ocean” (7) or “Ocean” (28) tides. Permeability reduction manifest as changes in tidal behavior and increased water‐levels in the near field of the Canterbury earthquake sequence of 2010–2011 support the hypothesis of shear‐induced consolidation. However, tidal behavior and water‐level changes rarely occurred simultaneously (~2%). Water‐level changes that occurred with no change in tidal behavior reequilibrated at a new postseismic level more quickly (on timescales of ~50 min) than when a change in tidal behavior occurred (~240 min to 10 days). Water‐level changes were more than likely to occur above a peak dynamic stress of ~50 kPa and were more than likely to not occur below ~10 kPa. The minimum peak dynamic stress required for a tidal behavior change to occur was ~0.2 to 100 kPa.
Integration of a Levee Breach Erosion Model in a GPU‐Accelerated 2D Shallow Water Equations Code
Authors: Dazzi S. , Vacondio R. , Mignosa P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a two‐dimensional shallow water equations code coupled with a physically based erosion model, able to predict the opening and evolution of breaches forming in levees built with either cohesive or noncohesive material. The bottom elevation change is evaluated using an excess shear‐stress equation, which accounts for the hydrodynamic conditions and for the material characteristics. The proposed model modifies the local topography at runtime wherever the levee is overtopped without having to predefine the position and shape of the breach. The model is implemented in CUDA programming language, so that simulations can be run on graphics processing units, guaranteeing fast execution times even for high‐resolution meshes and large domains. The validation is performed based on several experimental tests, and numerical predictions are in good agreement with the measurements. The strengths and weaknesses of the proposed approach are also discussed by comparison with a sediment transport model based on the Exner equation: While the latter gives good results only for breaches forming in levees built with noncohesive material, the proposed model can also be applied to cohesive embankments. The application to a historical flood event is also presented, showing that the model can effectively be employed for real field simulations also in the case of multiple breaches.
Reply to Comment by J. Szilagyi and R. Crago on “Derivation of a Sigmoid Generalized Complementary Function for Evaporation With Physical Constraints”
Authors: Han Songjun , Tian Fuqiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSzilagyi and Crago criticized our sigmoid generalized complementary function from the boundary conditions and physical limits under the completely wet environments. We believe that their comments originate from different perspectives on the generalized complementary principle. In this reply, we clarify our perspectives, and explain our boundary conditions and physical constraints under the completely wet environments.
Chi3l3 induces oligodendrogenesis in an experimental model of autoimmune neuroinflammation
Authors: Starossom Sarah C. , Campo Garcia Juliana , Woelfle Tim , Romero-Suarez Silvina , Olah Marta , Watanabe Fumihiro , Cao Li , Yeste Ada , Tukker John J. , Quintana Francisco J. , Imitola Jaime , Witzel Franziska , Schmitz Dietmar , Morkel Markus , Paul Friedemann , Infante-Duarte Carmen , Khoury Samia J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), neural stem cells (NSCs) can replace damaged oligodendrocytes if the local microenvironment supports the required differentiation process. Although chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) form part of this microenvironment, their function in this differentiation process is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that murine Chitinase 3-like-3 (Chi3l3/Ym1), human Chi3L1 and Chit1 induce oligodendrogenesis. In mice, Chi3l3 is highly expressed in the subventricular zone, a stem cell niche of the adult brain, and in inflammatory brain lesions during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We find that silencing Chi3l3 increases severity of EAE. We present evidence that in NSCs Chi3l3 activates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), thereby inducing Pyk2-and Erk1/2- dependent expression of a pro-oligodendrogenic transcription factor signature. Our results implicate CLP-EGFR-Pyk2-MEK-ERK as a key intrinsic pathway controlling oligodendrogenesis.
Crossing exceptional points without phase transition
Authors: Zhong Qi , El-Ganainy Ramy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe show that the theoretical framework linking exceptional points (EPs) to phase transitions in parity-time (PT) symmetric Hamiltonians is incomplete. Particularly, we demonstrate that the application of the squaring operator to aJxPT lattice dramatically alter the topology of its Riemann surface, eventually resulting in a system that can cross an EP without undergoing a symmetry breaking. We elucidate on these rather surprising results by invoking the notion of phase diagrams in higher dimensional parameter space. Within this perspective, the canonical PT symmetry breaking paradigm arises only along certainprojections of the Riemann surface in the parameter space.
SPARC is required for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in mice
Authors: Atorrasagasti Catalina , Onorato Agostina , Gimeno María L. , Andreone Luz , Garcia Mariana , Malvicini Mariana , Fiore Esteban , Bayo Juan , Perone Marcelo J. , Mazzolini Guillermo D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, three strongly interrelated diseases, are associated to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of obesity-associated disorders is still under study. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycoprotein expressed in many cell types including adipocytes, parenchymal, and non-parenchymal hepatic cells and pancreatic cells. Studies have demonstrated that SPARC inhibits adipogenesis and promotes insulin resistance; in addition, circulating SPARC levels were positively correlated with body mass index in obese individuals. Therefore, SPARC is being proposed as a key factor in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated disorders. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of SPARC in glucose homeostasis. We show here that SPARC null (SPARC−/−) mice displayed an abnormal insulin-regulated glucose metabolism. SPARC−/− mice presented an increased adipose tissue deposition and an impaired glucose homeostasis as animals aged. In addition, the absence of SPARC worsens high-fat diet-induced diabetes in mice. Interestingly, although SPARC−/− mice on high-fat diet were sensitive to insulin they showed an impaired insulin secretion capacity. Of note, the expression of glucose transporter 2 in islets of SPARC−/− mice was dramatically reduced. The present study provides the first evidence that deleted SPARC expression causes diabetes in mice. Thus, SPARC deficient mice constitute a valuable model for studies concerning obesity and its related metabolic complications, including diabetes.
ZEB1-AS1 is associated with poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer and influences cell migration and apoptosis by repressing ID1
Authors: Jin Jianjun , Wang Huanqin , Si Jiming , Ni Ran , Liu Yuanhua , Wang Jing 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a vital role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ZEB1-AS1 overexpression predicts a poor prognosis in osteosarcoma and colorectal cancers. In the current study, we determined the clinical significance and prognostic value of ZEB1-AS1 in patients with NSCLC. The expression of ZEB1-AS1 and inhibitor of differentiation-1 (ID1) was measured using qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell growth, migration, and invasion were determined using colony formation assays, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Tumor growth was determined with a xenograft model. ZEB1-AS1 was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissues compared with normal samples. ZEB1-AS1 overexpression was significantly associated with advanced tumor, lymph node, and metastases (TNM) stage and tumor size, as well as poorer overall survival. Moreover, ZEB1-AS1 knockdown inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and migration, and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that ZEB1-AS1 interacted with STAT3, thereby repressing ID1 expression. Furthermore, rescue experiments indicated that ZEB1-AS1 functioned as an oncogene partly by repressing ID1 in NSCLC cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that ZEB1-AS1 serves as a promising therapeutic target to predict the prognosis of NSCLC.