bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmentally sustainable synthesis of metal nanoparticle clusters and their prospective applications in biomedical and surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Rajput Hitesh , Kedia Abhitosh , Shah Dimple 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the present study, gold and silver nanoparticle clusters were successfully synthesized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, using an environmentally friendly green synthesis method. Both gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit characteristic plasmon resonance peaks at 530 nm and 420 nm respectively with additional peaks at higher wavelengths (620 nm for gold and 580 nm for silver) suggesting the formation of clusters or assemblies of nanoparticles. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy analyses reveal that the synthesized gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles are predominantly spherical, with average sizes of 10–20 nm for gold nanoparticles and 15–30 nm for silver nanoparticles, along with observable nanoparticle clustering. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analysis shows that the functional groups in the Azadirachta indica leaf extract, such as O–H and C–H bonds, participate in the reduction and stabilization of gold and silver nanoparticles. The synthesized gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles (showing stronger inhibition) exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assays, with silver nanoparticles showing higher scavenging efficiency compared to gold nanoparticles. Further, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis of methyl orange showed significant signal enhancement with silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles attributed to inter-plasmon coupling and the creation of hot spots in clustered nanostructures.
Scalar induced gravitational waves in f(R) gravity
Authors: Zhou Jing-Zhi , Kuang Yu-Ting , Wu Di , Chen Fei-Yu , Lü H. , Chang Zhe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate the first and second order cosmological perturbation equations in f(R)
modified gravity theory and provide the equation of motion of second order scalar induced
gravitational waves. We find that the effects of modified gravity not only change the form of the
equation of motion of second order scalar induced gravitational waves but also contribute an
additional anisotropic stress tensor, composed of first order scalar perturbations, to the source
term of the gravitational waves. We calculate the energy density spectrum of second order scalar
induced gravitational waves in the HS model. Utilizing current pulsar timing array observational
data, we perform a rigorous Bayesian analysis of the parameter space of the HS model.
High Frequency Gravitational Wave bounds from galactic neutron stars
Authors: Dandoy V. , Bertólez-Martínez T. , Costa F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGWs) constitute a unique window on the early Universe as well as exotic astrophysical objects. While the current gravitational wave experiments are more dedicated to the low frequency regime, the graviton conversion into photons in a strong magnetic field constitutes a powerful tool to probe HFGWs. In this paper, we show that neutron stars, due to their extreme magnetic field, are a perfect laboratory to study the conversion of HFGWs into photons. Using realistic models for the galactic neutron star population, we calculate for the first time the expected photon flux induced by the conversion of an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background in the magnetosphere of the ensemble of neutron stars present in the Milky Way. We compare this photon flux to the observed one from several telescopes and derive upper limits on the stochastic gravitational wave background in the frequency range 108 Hz–1025 Hz. We find our limits to be competitive in the frequency range 108 Hz–1012 Hz.
Fatigue life analysis of a special vehicle lower control arm
Authors: Zhou Yunbo , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To enhance vehicle structural fatigue durability and improve design methods, this study analyzed and predicted the fatigue life of a special vehicle control arm. Finite element analysis was used to model the control arm, identify stress hot spots, and determine fatigue damage locations. Strain loads under test conditions were measured, and data processing, including spectrum analysis and low-pass filtering, was performed to create a load spectrum using the rain flow counting method. Fatigue life and damage were analyzed using the nominal stress method and Miner’s criterion in Ncode software. Results show that the fatigue damage distribution matches actual road conditions, with an expected life of 21, 200 hours, meeting usage requirements.
Research on theoretical modal analysis method of load simulation system
Authors: Zhang Guangxiang , Qin Shumin , Yang Shuo , Liu Jinsuo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In order to study the modal analysis of large structures, this paper uses a load simulation system as the research object and uses different methods to calculate the natural frequency according to the characteristics of different systems. Because the elastic moment loading subsystem is relatively independent and its main motion mode is considered, it is equivalent to a cantilever beam, and the modal analysis is carried out using the theoretical calculation method. According to the simple structure of the shafting subsystem and its characteristics as the most important moment transmission component, it is equivalent to a simply supported beam, and the modal analysis is carried out by theoretical calculation method; given the complex structure of the load simulation system, the modal analysis is carried out utilizing simulation analysis. By comparing the results of these analyses, it is found that different modal analysis methods should be adopted for structures with different characteristics to obtain more accurate analysis results.
The Grothendieck formalism applied to physical examples in a single quantum system
Authors: Vourdas A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Grothendieck formalism considers a classical quadratic form C(θ), and a quantum quadratic form Q(θ). It shows that if C(θ) ≤ 1, the Q(θ) might take values greater than 1, up to the complex Grothendieck constant k

G
. The region (1, k

G
) is ‘ultra-quantum’ in the sense that Q can take values in it, but C cannot take values in it. The mathematical formalism is applied to various physical examples. It is shown that many physically interesting density matrices give Q(θ) ≤ 1. In some examples Q is the Wigner and Weyl functions, and in that case also Q(θ) ≤ 1. In many examples Fourier dual density matrices both give Q(θ) ≤ 1, and in this sense Fourier duality does not play an important role within the Grothendieck formalism. Therefore quantumness according to Grothendieck (Q ε (1, k

G
)) is different from quantumness according to other criteria.
Flipped SU(5) GUT with conformal gravity from a single supermultiplet
Authors: Chester David , Marrani Alessio , Rios Michael , Irwin Klee 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Grassmann envelope is used to find the 𝒩 = 1 ‘superquasiconformal’ algebra in D = 10 + 1. The adjoint representation of this algebra is found to contain 𝔰𝔲2,2 ⊕ u1 ⊕ 𝔰𝔲5 as a submaximal subalgebra, giving a spectrum of conformal gravity with flipped SU
5 × U
1 GUT. Combining Yang-Mills theory with MacDowell-Mansouri gravity over the conformal group is found to recover the Einstein-Hilbert action with a cosmological constant. An action for the theory is presented, which contains the gauge bosons of gravity and GUT, three generations of fermions in an efficient manner, and a new Higgs sector. By using the superalgebra for the entire multiplet, the theory gauges a non-supersymmetric subalgebra without introducing superpartners.
Thermal erosion behavior of electroplating and multi-arc ion plating Cr coatings on PCrNi3MoVA steel
Authors: Han Xiao , Hu Ming , Tang Yueyang , Gao Pan , Gao Yuan , Li Zhiteng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The thermal erosion behavior of two-kind Cr coating on PCrNi3MoVA steel under 350 MPa erosive pressure is compared. Microscopic observations and elemental analyses of the two-kind Cr coatings are carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS), which led to their exfoliation mechanism. It is found the spalling mechanism of the two-kind Cr coatings after thermal erosion is different: the spalling of the electroplating Cr coating is in the form of localized delamination to overall spalling over a large area, and the spalling of the multi-arc ion plating Cr coating is in the form of horizontal and vertical extended spalling. The results show that the electroplated Cr coating has weaker erosion resistance than the multi-arc ion plating Cr coating and the Cr coating by multi-arc ion plating is more suitable as a protective layer to extend the life of the gun barrel.
Research on manufacturing process control and analysis technology of civil aircraft
Authors: Zhang Kaikai , Xia Jian , Zhang Xinai , Yang Huaizhi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The manufacturing stage is the core link of product reliability, and the manufacturing process control is the bridge between design reliability and product reliability. In the manufacturing process, the influence of various factors on the formation of product reliability is considered and controlled. Meanwhile, the process failure mode and impact analysis (PEMEA) method is introduced to clarify its principle and method. The key processes of the manufacturing and assembly process are identified by taking the RAT system of certain aircraft as an example. Effective measures are proposed to improve the manufacturing and assembly process, ensure the manufacturing reliability of products, and provide strong support for improving the quality and reliability of civil aircraft.
On the nature of ensembles from gravitational path integrals
Authors: Marolf Donald 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Spacetime wormholes in gravitational path integrals have long been known to lead to interpretations in terms of an ensemble of theories. Here we probe the question of precisely what sort of theories such ensembles might contain. Careful consideration of a simple d = 2 topological model indicates that the Hilbert space structure of a general ensemble element fails to factorize over disconnected Cauchy-surface boundaries, and in particular that its Hilbert space

H

N

C
S
∂

for

N

C
S
∂

Cauchy-surface boundaries fails to be positive definite when the number

N

C
S
∂

of disconnected such boundaries is large. This observation then suggests a generalization of the AdS/CFT correspondence in which a bulk gravitational theory is dual to an ensemble of theories that deviate from standard CFTs by violating both locality and positivity (at least under certain circumstances). Since violations of positivity are undesirable, we propose that positivity-violating elements of the ensemble be removed when studying physics in asymptotically AdS spacetimes (or in other contexts in which Cauchy surfaces have asymptotic boundaries), perhaps reducing the ensemble to a single standard CFT. Nevertheless, properties of any remaining CFTs that are uncorrelated with positivity of

H

N

C
S
∂

at large

N

C
S
∂

will agree with those of typical elements of the full ensemble and may be computed using the ensemble average. On the other hand, elements that violate positivity at large

N

C
S
∂

can still have a positive-definite cosmological sector with

N

C
S
∂

=
0

. The collection of such elements then defines a basis for a Hilbert space describing such cosmologies. In contrast to the cases in which Cauchy-surfaces are allowed to have boundaries, we argue that the resulting Hilbert space need not decohere into single-state theories. As a result, familiar physics might be more easily recovered from this new scenario.
Biological arrow of time: emergence of tangled information hierarchies and self-modelling dynamics
Authors: Prokopenko Mikhail , Davies Paul C W , Harré Michael , Heisler Marcus G , Kuncic Zdenka , Lewis Geraint F , Livson Ori , Lizier Joseph T , Rosas Fernando E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study open-ended evolution by focusing on computational and information-processing dynamics underlying major evolutionary transitions. In doing so, we consider biological organisms as hierarchical dynamical systems that generate regularities in their phase-spaces through interactions with their environment. These emergent information patterns can then be encoded within the organism’s components, leading to self-modelling ‘tangled hierarchies’. Our main conjecture is that when macro-scale patterns are encoded within micro-scale components, it creates fundamental tensions (computational inconsistencies) between what is encodable at a particular evolutionary stage and what is potentially realisable in the environment. A resolution of these tensions triggers an evolutionary transition which expands the problem-space, at the cost of generating new tensions in the expanded space, in a continual process. We argue that biological complexification can be interpreted computation-theoretically, within the Gödel–Turing–Post recursion-theoretic framework, as open-ended generation of computational novelty. In general, this process can be viewed as a meta-simulation performed by higher-order systems that successively simulate the computation carried out by lower-order systems. This computation-theoretic argument provides a basis for hypothesising the biological arrow of time.
Twenty years of intervention optimization
Authors: Collins Linda M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the classical paradigm for intervention research, the components that are to make up an intervention are identified, pilot tested, and then immediately assembled into a treatment package and subjected to an evaluation randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the performance of the entire package. Intervention optimization, which adapts ideas from technological fields to intervention science in order to hasten scientific progress, is an alternative to the classical paradigm. The first article introducing intervention optimization via the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) was published in Annals of Behavioral Medicine in 2005. In this commentary, I reflect on the evolution of intervention optimization from that first publication to today, and on what the future could hold if the intervention science field continues to adopt the optimization paradigm. I propose that if intervention optimization became standard operating procedure, the field would accumulate a coherent base of knowledge about what specific intervention strategies work, for whom, under which circumstances, and why; every intervention produced would contain only components that contribute enough to justify their resource requirements; interventions would be readily implementable; and as the knowledge base grew, interventions would be improved continually.
Effect of recreational sport and physical activity participation on well-being during early parenthood: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rhodes Ryan E , Beauchamp Mark R , Carson Valerie , Courtnall Sandy , Wierts Colin M , Blanchard Chris M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Parents with children in the home may benefit considerably from sport participation, given the high levels of physical inactivity and psychosocial distress among this group. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of team sport participation on mental health (primary outcome) as well as other secondary psychosocial outcomes compared to an individual physical activity condition and a “date night” control condition among parents with young children (under the age of 13).

Methods
A three-arm parallel design single blinded randomized controlled trial compared the team sport (n = 58), individual physical activity (n = 60), and control condition (n = 66) over three months. Well-being variables (short-form-12, satisfaction with life scale, parental stress scale, relationship assessment scale, family inventory version II) were assessed at baseline and post-randomization at 6 weeks and 3 months. Rolling recruitment began in winter 2016 until spring 2023. Analyses were conducted using generalized linear mixed models.

Results
Team sport participation resulted in improvements in mental health and increased relationship satisfaction compared to the other conditions. Team sport participation also showed improvements in lowering parental stress and increasing family emotional expressiveness compared to the control condition. All conditions improved satisfaction with life, lowered stress, increased relationship satisfaction, benefited family health/competence and lowered family conflict over time.

Discussion
The findings extend prior observational research by demonstrating team sport participation may be a viable activity to recommend for parents of young children, who are typically challenged by lower well-being, stress, and social isolation from other adults.

Registered trial
The clinical trial is registered with the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health registration ID is NCT02898285.
Association between ultra-processed food intake and biological ageing in US adults: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2010
Authors: Cardoso Barbara Rita , Liu Junxiu , Machado Priscila , Kwon Dayoon , Belsky Daniel W , Martinez Steele Euridice 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The association between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and markers of biological ageing has been scarcely investigated, despite the evident adverse health effects associated with UPF. This study aimed to test the association between UPF intake and biological ageing, and evaluate how much of this association is accounted for by overall diet quality.

Methods
This cross-sectional study assessed 16 055 participants aged 20–79 years (51% women, 46 ± 0.3 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2010. Dietary UPF intake was assessed using the Nova system. Values were expressed as % of total energy intake and were denominated as a continuous variable and in quintiles. Diet quality was assessed with the American Heart Association 2020 and the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Biological ageing was assessed using the PhenoAge algorithm.

Results
For each 10% of energy intake accounted for by UPF, participants were 0.21 (95%CI 0.16–0.26) years biologically older in terms of PhenoAge. As compared to participants in the lowest UPF quintile (≤39%), those in the highest UPF quintile (68–100%) were 0.86 (95% CI 0.55, 1.16) years older (P-for-trend across quintiles ≤0.001). Adherence to a healthy diet moderately attenuated the relationship between UPF and PhenoAge (adjusted β = 0.14 per 10% increment of UPF).

Conclusions
Adults with higher UPF tended to be biologically older. This association is partly independent of diet quality, suggesting that food processing may contribute to biological ageing acceleration. Our findings point to a compelling reason to target UPF consumption to promote healthier ageing.
Nonopioid medications for managing opioid withdrawal in acute care settings: A scoping review
Authors: Erstad Brian L , Quaye Aurora N , Hellwege Megan E , Do David , Kopp Brian J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
There are hospitalized patients with chronic opioid use who will experience signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal who were not on medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) prior to admission, do not want to start or are unable to start medications for OUD during admission, and want to limit or avoid the use of opioids. The purpose of this scoping review was to assess the potential effectiveness and safety of using non-opioid agents for managing acute opioid withdrawal in acute care settings.

Methods
PubMed (inception to 2024), Embase (inception to 2024), and Cochrane Library (inception to 2024) were the databases evaluated for the literature search. Bibliographies of full-text articles were reviewed for additional relevant papers.

Results
Twenty-eight studies evaluating nonopioid agents for managing acute opioid withdrawal were identified in the literature search. The agents could be divided into 4 broad mechanistic categories: α-adrenergic receptor agonists, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulators, and serotonergic agents. Of these drug classes, the available literature suggests the α-adrenergic receptor agonists clonidine and lofexidine have the best evidence of efficacy as alternative agents for acute opioid withdrawal, although the majority of studies comparing such agents to opioids for opioid withdrawal were conducted well before the rise in synthetic opioid overdose deaths and have other methodologic issues that limit firm conclusions concerning efficacy and, particularly, safety.

Conclusion
For the nonopioid alternative agents that have been studied for acute opioid withdrawal, there is more evidence supporting the efficacy of α-adrenergic receptor agonists as opposed to NMDA antagonists, GABA modulators, or sertonergic agents; however, more research is needed regarding the efficacy and safety of nonopioid alternatives for acute opioid withdrawal in order to better guide clinical decision-making.
Heterologous expression and enzymological characterization of L-glutamate oxidase from the marine actinomycete Streptomyces lydicamycinicus NBRC 110027
Authors: Oikawa Tadao , Yamanaka Kazuya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We successfully constructed a heterologous expression system for L-glutamate oxidase from the marine actinomycete Streptomyces lydicamycinicus NBRC 110027 (Sl-LGOX) in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) as a host. This is the first example of L-glutamate oxidase from a marine microorganism. A chemically synthesized gene optimized for codon usage in E. coli was used as the inserted fragment, which was effective for enzyme expression. We expressed Sl-LGOX in the soluble fraction of E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET21b-Sl-lgox. We also succeeded in purifying the recombinant Sl-LGOX (rSl-LGOX) to homogeneity from the cell-free extract of this clone via an Ni-NTA column. rSl-LGOX showed high specificity for L-Glu and was active and stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH values. In particular, it showed high specific activity and stability at an acidic pH. A variety of applications can take advantage of the unique enzymatic properties of rSl-LGOX.
Inbreeding and cognitive impairment in animals
Authors: Townsend Andrea K , Williams Keelah E G , Nannas Natalie J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The physiological costs of inbreeding in wild animals are well-documented, but the potential cognitive costs of inbreeding have received far less attention. A growing body of evidence indicates that inbreeding is associated with impaired learning ability and aberrant innate behaviors in model systems, as well as intellectual disability and lower general intelligence in humans. As highlighted in this review, however, far less is known about inbreeding-linked cognitive impairments for wild populations and the potential behavioral and fitness implications of these impairments. Here, we review evidence indicating that, through its negative effects on song and other courtship behaviors, as well as its association with deficits in mating behavior and parental care, inbreeding is likely to have negative consequences for reproductive success in wild animals. The impairment of specific cognitive abilities, such as learning, innovation, and decision-making, may be particularly detrimental for inbred animals in changing environments, where individuals must adjust their behavior appropriately to deal with novel threats and resources.