bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable optical‐radio wireless networks: Meeting the most stringent requirements of future communication systems
Authors: Saud Muhammad Saad , Ahmed Iqrar , Kumpuniemi Timo , Katz Marcos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a reconfigurable optical‐radio wireless network characterized by high flexibility and performance. The hybrid network can be dynamically configured, adapting itself to the changing requirements of users or operating environments, dynamics of the transmission medium, and availability of resources. First, the basic concept, system architecture, and key operating modes are introduced. Possible operating scenarios and their relationship to the operating modes are discussed. Then, a practical implementation of the hybrid network is introduced, describing the network components, architecture, modulation scheme, and implementation technologies. Implementation was carried out using mostly off‐the‐shelf components and universal software radio peripheral blocks. Particular attention has been put in implementing a fast handover mechanism between modes, an essential requirement for seamless network reconfiguration. Network performance is evaluated and different switching approaches are compared. The paper demonstrates practically the proposed concept based on dynamic system reconfiguration. For the implementation, a mode switching algorithm was developed making decisions based on the quality of the wireless channels. The system was tested with live video packets transmitted through the network. System performance was assessed through data throughput and packet loss measured for different modulation parameters. The proposed concept, essentially a software‐defined hybrid network, is flexible and makes efficient use of radio resources. Moreover, the network has the potential to achieve high performance. All these characteristics make reconfigurable optical‐radio networks an attractive candidate for fifth generation and beyond.
Aurora kinase A induces chemotherapy resistance through revival of dormant cells in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Li‐yun , Shan Ya‐min , Zhang Yi , Zhou En‐hui , Chen Xiao‐ping , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundChemotherapy resistance was an important tumor metastasis mechanism.MethodsCell Counting Kit‐8 assay and plate colony formation assay were applied to examine the proliferation of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting were carried out to show the expression of related proteins. Wound healing, migration, and invasion assays were used to examine the mobility, migration, and invasion of LSCC.ResultsDownregulated Aurora kinase A (AURKA) increased chemotherapy sensitivity and reduced the ability of mobility, migration, and invasion of Hep2 cells, while upregulated AURKA possessed opposite results. Hep2/5‐Fu cells possessed dormancy‐like properties and upregulated AURKA in Hep2/5‐Fu cells (Hep2/5‐Fu/AURKA cells) revived dormant state. Furthermore, Erk1/2 was restrained in Hep2/5‐Fu cells and activated in Hep2/5‐Fu/AURKA cells. Moreover, Erk1/2 accelerated the ability of mobility, migration, and invasion in Hep2/5‐Fu/AURKA cells.ConclusionAURKA activated dormant state to induce chemotherapy resistance and promoted metastasis of LSCC through Erk1/2 pathway.
Retracted: Effects of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system versus a copper intrauterine device on menstrual changes and uterine artery Doppler
Authors: Rezk Mohamed , Elshamy Elsayed , Shaheen Abd‐Elhamid , Shawky Mohamed , Marawan Hala 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) and a copper intrauterine device (Cu‐IUD) on menstrual changes and uterine artery Doppler indices.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted at Menoufia University Hospital, Egypt, between December 2016 and August 2017. 306 multiparous women desiring intrauterine contraception were randomly assigned to LNG‐IUS (n=152) or Cu‐IUD (n=154). Uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) and resistant index (RI) were measured before use, and 3 and 6 months after insertion, and associations with abnormal bleeding were evaluated.ResultsIrregular bleeding was initially reported by 31 (74%) of 42 women in the LNG‐IUS group, and heavy menstrual bleeding by 53 (67%) of 79 women in the Cu‐IUD group. Incidence of abnormal bleeding decreased over the 6‐month study period. Uterine artery PI was significantly correlated with abnormal bleeding at a cutoff of 1.35 with area under the curve (AUC) 0.93, sensitivity 88%, and specificity 100%, whereas uterine artery RI was significantly correlated with abnormal bleeding at a cutoff of 0.62 with AUC 0.1, sensitivity 96%, and specificity 100%.ConclusionLNG‐IUS‐related abnormal bleeding was associated with changes in uterine artery blood flow that were not evident among Cu‐IUD users.Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR201701001900640.
Sterilization effects on the handling and degradation properties of calcium phosphate cements containing poly (D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) porogens and carboxymethyl cellulose
Authors: Kucko Nathan W. , Li Wenliang , García Martinez Marcela A. , Rehman Ihtesham ur , Ulset Ann‐Sissel Teialeret , Christensen Bjørn E. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G. , Herber Ralf‐Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInjectable, self‐setting calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are synthetic bone substitutes considered favorable for the repair and regeneration of bone due to their osteocompatibility and unique handling properties. However, their clinical applicability can be compromised due to insufficient cohesion upon injection into the body coupled with poor degradation rates that restricts new bone formation. Consequently, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was incorporated into CPC formulations to improve their cohesion and injectability while poly (D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) porogens were added to introduce macroporosity and improve their biodegradation rate. Like most biomaterials, CPCs are gamma irradiated before clinical use to ensure sufficient sterilization. However, it is well known that gamma irradiation also reduces the molecular weight of CMC and PLGA via chain scission, which affects their material properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the effect that gamma irradiation has on the molecular weight of CMC at varying doses of 15, 40, or 80 kGy and investigate how this affects the handling (i.e., injectability, cohesion, washout, and setting times) and in vitro degradation behavior of CPC formulations. Results reveal that the molecular weight of CMC decreases with increasing gamma irradiation dose, thereby reducing the viscosifying capabilities of CMC, which causes CPCs to deteriorate more readily. Further, the addition of CMC seems to inhibit the degree of phase transformation during cement setting while the subsequent reduction in molecular weight of PLGA after gamma irradiation improves the in vitro degradation rate of CPCs due to the faster degradation rate of low molecular weight PLGA. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2216–2228, 2019.
Cases and evidence for panel testing in cancer genetics: Is site‐specific testing dead?
Authors: Thomas Martha H. , Higgs Lydia K. , Modesitt Susan C. , Schroen Anneke T. , Ring Kari L. , Dillon Patrick M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHistorically in cancer genetic counseling, when a pathogenic variant is found which explains the cancers in the family, at risk family members are offered site‐specific testing to identify whether or not they have the previously identified pathogenic variant. Factors such as turnaround times, cost, and insurance coverage all made site‐specific testing the most appropriate testing option; however, as turnaround times and costs have substantially dropped and the recognition of double heterozygous families and families with nontraditional presentations has increased, the utility of site‐specific testing should be questioned. We present four cases where ordering site‐specific testing would have missed a clinically relevant pathogenic variant which raises the question of whether or not site‐specific testing should be regularly used in cancer genetic testing.
Developing a genomics rotation: Practical training around variant interpretation for genetic counseling students
Authors: Grove Megan E. , White Shana , Fisk Dianna G. , Rego Shannon , Dagan‐Rosenfeld Orit , Kohler Jennefer N. , Reuter Chloe M. , Bonner Devon ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Wheeler Matthew T. , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Ormond Kelly E. , Hanson‐Kahn Andrea K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith the wide adoption of next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based genetic tests, genetic counselors require increased familiarity with NGS technology, variant interpretation concepts, and variant assessment tools. The use of exome and genome sequencing in clinical care has expanded the reach and diversity of genetic testing. Regardless of the setting where genetic counselors are performing variant interpretation or reporting, most of them have learned these skills from colleagues, while on the job. Though traditional, lecture‐based learning around these topics is important, there has been growing need for the inclusion of case‐based, experiential training of genomics and variant interpretation for genetic counseling students, with the goal of creating a strong foundation in variant interpretation for new genetic counselors, regardless of what area of practice they enter. To address this need, we established a genomics and variant interpretation rotation for Stanford's genetic counseling training program. In response to changes in the genomics landscape, this has now evolved into three unique rotation experiences, each focused on variant interpretation in the context of various genomic settings, including clinical laboratory, research laboratory, and healthy genomic analysis studies. Here, we describe the goals and learning objectives that we have developed for these variant interpretation rotations, and illustrate how these concepts are applied in practice.
Long non‐coding RNA HCG11 suppresses the growth of glioma by cooperating with the miR‐4425/MTA3 axis
Authors: Zhang Lina , Cao Yanfei , Kou Xiaonan , Che Lu , Zhou Xiaona , Chen Gang , Zhao Jiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlioma is a type of malignant tumor that occurs in the central nervous system of adults. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that potentially participate in the initiation and progression of glioma have been widely reported. As a now‐found lncRNA, HLA complex group 11 (HCG11) has not yet been studied in glioma. The present study aimed to determine the role of HCG11 in the tumorigenesis of glioma.MethodsA quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to examine the expression pattern of HCG11 in 84 glioma tissues and cell lines. The overall survival rate of glioma patients with a high or low level of HCG11 or metastasis‐associated 1 family member 3 (MTA3) was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. The effect of HCG11 on glioma cell growth was determined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that potentially interact with HCG11 were searched and determined by bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase reporter assay. Similarly, the target of miRNA‐4425 was identified. Finally, rescue assays were conducted to determine the bio‐function of the competing endogenous RNA pathway.ResultsHCG11 was downregulated in 84 pairs of glioma tissues and cell lines. Moreover, a low level of HCG11 indicted the lower overall survival rate of glioma patients. Regarding the mechanism, HCG11 was abundant in the cytoplasm of glioma cells and interacted with miR‐4425 to release the expression of MTA3. miR‐4425 and MTA3 participated in HCG11‐mediated glioma growth.ConclusionsLncRNA HCG11 suppresses the growth of glioma by cooperating with the miR‐4425/MTA3 axis.
Gill remodelling during terrestrial acclimation in the amphibious fish Polypterus senegalus
Authors: Turko Andy J. , Maini Priyam , Wright Patricia A. , Standen Emily M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFishes are effectively weightless in water due to the buoyant support of the environment, but amphibious fishes must cope with increased effective weight when on land. Delicate structures such as gills are especially vulnerable to collapse and loss of surface area out of water. We tested the ‘structural support’ hypothesis that amphibious Polypterus senegalus solve this problem using phenotypically plastic changes that provide mechanical support and increase stiffness at the level of the gill lamellae, the filaments, and the whole arches. After 7 d in terrestrial conditions, enlargement of an inter‐lamellar cell mass filled the water channels between gill lamellae, possibly to provide structural support and/or reduce evaporative water loss. Similar gill remodelling has been described in several other actinopterygian fishes, suggesting this may be an ancestral trait. There was no change in the mechanical properties or collagen composition of filaments or arches after 7 days out of water, but 8 months of terrestrial acclimation caused a reduction in gill arch length and mineralized bone volume. Thus, rather than increasing the size and stiffness of the gill skeleton, P. senegalus may instead reduce investment in supportive gill tissue while on land. These results are strikingly similar to the evolutionary trend of gill loss that occurred during the tetrapod invasion of land, raising the possibility that genetic assimilation of gill plasticity was an underlying mechanism.
Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI for discrimination of synovial proliferation in the hand arthritis: A prospective proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Fujimori Motoshi , Murakami Koichi , Sugimori Hiroyuki , Lu Yutong , Sutherland Kenneth , Oki Nozomi , Aoki Takatoshi , Kamishima Tamotsu 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundPostcontrast‐enhanced MRI is currently the reference standard for synovial proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the technique is somewhat invasive due to the use of gadolinium contrast agents, which may cause severe adverse/side effects. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) simultaneously permits quantification of perfusion as well as diffusion using a single imaging scan.Purpose/HypothesisTo test the capability of IVIM MRI for noninvasive discrimination of synovial proliferation in hand arthritis.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsSeven suspected RA patients (three women and four men; mean age, 61 years; range, 26–74 years).Field Strength/Sequence3 T/short tau inversion recovery (STIR), IVIM, postcontrast‐enhanced MRI.AssessmentRegion of interest (ROI) was identified based on STIR. Contrast‐enhanced MRI was evaluated using a 5‐point grading scale of 0 (water) to 4 (synovial proliferation) according to the degree of contrast enhancement within the ROI. For each ROI, we calculated the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM parameters (molecular diffusion coefficient [D], perfusion fraction [f], and perfusion‐related diffusion coefficient [D*]). These parameters were subsequently compared with ROI contrast enhancement grades.Statistical TestsSpearman's rank correlation test and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsA total of 90 ROIs of suspected synovial proliferation and/or joint effusion were identified. ROI grades were correlated with ADC and D values (r
S = –0.385, P < 0.001, r
S = –0.458, P < 0.0001, respectively), but not with the f and D* values (r
S = –0.010, P = 0.936, r
S = –0.084, P = 0.505, respectively). The area under the curves (AUCs) of D values (0.708–0.888, P = 0.002–0.0002) were slightly larger than those of ADC values (0.692–0.791, P = 0.013–0.001) when comparing low‐ vs. high‐contrast enhancement grades.Data ConclusionThe IVIM parameter D and ADC may be useful for the noninvasive identification of synovial proliferation in hand arthritis.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1199–1206.
Leucine, Palmitate, or Leucine/Palmitate Cotreatment Enhances Myotube Lipid Content and Oxidative Preference
Authors: Johnson Michele A. , Gannon Nicholas P. , Schnuck Jamie K. , Lyon Emily S. , Sunderland Kyle L. , Vaughan Roger A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBranched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) such as leucine stimulate favorable metabolic processes involved in lean tissue preservation and skeletal muscle metabolism. However, higher levels of circulating BCAA correlate with severity of metabolic disease (including diabetes/insulin resistance), and may result from dysregulated BCAA catabolism. Past observations have demonstrated potential interaction between BCAA and dietary fat; however, much of this relationship remains underexplored. This study investigated the effect of leucine both with and without palmitate on oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, as well as indicators of BCAA catabolism using cultured skeletal muscle cells. Specifically, C2C12 myotubes were treated with or without varying concentrations of leucine both with and without palmitate for 24 h. Leucine treatment significantly elevated mRNA expression of metabolic regulators including peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator 1‐alpha versus leucine with concurrent palmitate treatment. Interestingly, leucine‐only, palmitate‐only, and leucine with palmitate all significantly increased cellular lipid content, which translated into significantly increased oxidative capacity under substrate‐limited conditions. However, upon the addition of excess substrate and carnitine, discrepancies in peak metabolic capacities between various treatments were no longer observed, suggesting leucine, palmitate, or the combination thereof causes a shift in metabolic preference from glycolytic to oxidative. These data also suggest leucine's effect on mitochondrial metabolism may result in part from increased lipid stores in addition to other previously documented pathways.
Meet the Board of ChemistryOpen: Antony J. Fairbanks
Authors: Fairbanks Antony J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAntony J. Fairbanks
is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. The research of his group focuses on the broad areas of organic synthesis, particularly applied to carbohydrates. He currently serves as an active Editorial Board member for ChemistryOpen.
Distraction to illumination: Mining biomedical publications for serendipity in research
Authors: Allen Carla M. , Erdelez Sanda 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTAs our technological capabilities for filling information needs improve, developers seek to more effective ways to support different aspects of the users' experience. One aspect that is gaining attention as an emerging support area is serendipity. However, supporting serendipity within a recommender system is difficult because the experience is unexpected and, therefore unpredictable. While researchers agree that algorithms to support serendipity need to be able to provide a balance of surprise and value to the end user (Niu & Abbas, 2017), an understanding of how to provide that balance has not yet been realized. Information that could be puzzling or distracting to someone as they go about their research activities may provide the trigger someone else needs to make a serendipitous connection in their research. Reports of serendipitous occurrences in research settings have been identified in research commentaries (Campanario, 1996) and within full‐text research articles (Allen, Erdelez, & Marinov, 2013). This paper investigates the feasibility of automating the identification of information encounters in full‐text research articles. This study contributes to the development of algorithms for supporting serendipity in information systems. We identified four variables that are useful for predicting information encounters in 25‐35% of the instances. While we should continue to search for additional predictive variables, these findings present a novel approach to undertaking the support of serendipity in information systems.
Reputation, trust, and norms as mechanisms leading to academic reciprocity in data sharing: An empirical test of theory of collective action
Authors: Kim Youngseek 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis research investigated how scientists' academic reputation, community trust, and norms regarding data sharing all influence their academic reciprocity in data sharing, which eventually leads to the scientists' data sharing intentions. This research employed Ostrom's (2003) theory of collective action to better understand scientists' data sharing behaviors from the perspective of cooperation in a community. This research empirically evaluated the research model and related hypotheses by using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method on a total of 456 survey responses from biologists in the U.S. The results suggest that biologists' perceived academic reputation significantly increases their perceived community trust, norm of data sharing, and academic reciprocity. Along with perceived academic reputation, both perceived community trust and norms of data sharing also significantly increases biologists' academic reciprocity in data sharing. This research also found that biologists' academic reciprocity and norms of data sharing significantly affect their data sharing intentions. The results of this research show that the theory of collective action provides new insight to scientists' data sharing behaviors. These results suggest how we can facilitate scientists' data sharing behaviors within a research community by increasing academic reciprocity through the mechanisms of reputation, trust, and norm.
Characterizing and exploring users' task completion process at different stages in learning related tasks
Authors: Song Xiaoxuan , Liu Chang , Liu Hanrui 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis study explored user interactions when accomplishing learning related tasks from a new perspective, the process perspective, and examined three main types of user interactions: searching, reading and writing behaviors. The goal is to characterize how users' searching, reading, and writing interactions change at different stages, and explore what contextual factors are related to the task completion process. A user experiment with thirty‐two participants was conducted, and each participant was asked to work on two types of learning tasks: receptive tasks and critical tasks. For data analysis, we calculated the percentage of searching time, reading time and writing time during four stages, to characterize users' task completion process. Our results demonstrated that users' reading efforts were evenly distributed at four stages; half of their searching efforts were devoted at the first stage and writing efforts were mainly spent at the last stage. In addition, we also found task type and users' cognitive style had significant effects on users' searching, reading, writing process, and their writing efforts in the first stage were correlated to the quality of learning outcome. This study took the process perspective to characterize user interactions at different stages, and this perspective provides us a more comprehensive picture of user interactions and has implications for the design of search systems to fully support user interactions and their task completion process.