bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated High Blood Pressure At 6 And 11 Years At The Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Guttier Marilia Cruz , Barcelos Raquel Siqueira , Ferreira Rodrigo Wiltgen , Bortolotto Caroline Cardozo , Dartora William , Schmidt Mari Inês , Matijasevich Alicia , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana , Santos Iná S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: We evaluated the prevalence and the factors associated with repeated high systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 6- and 11-year follow-ups of children from the Pelotas (Brazil) 2004 Birth Cohort.
Methods: All live births to mothers living in the urban area of Pelotas were enrolled in the cohort. Blood pressure (BP) values were transformed into Z-scores by sex, age, and height. High SBP and DBP were defined as repeated systolic and diastolic BP Z-scores on the ≥95 th percentile at the two follow-ups. Prevalence (95% confidence interval) of repeated high SBP, DBP, and both (SDBP) were calculated. Associations with maternal and child characteristics were explored in crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 3,182 cohort participants were analyzed. Prevalence of repeated high SBP, DBP and SDBP was 1.7% (1.2-2.1%), 2.3% (1.8-2.9%) and 1.2% (0.9-1.6%), respectively. Repeated high SBP was associated with males, gestational diabetes mellitus (2.92; 1.13-7.58) and obesity at 11 years (2.44; 1.29-4.59); while repeated high DBP was associated with females, family history of hypertension from both sides (3.95; 1.59-9.85) and gestational age <34 weeks (4.08; 1.52-10.96). Repeated high SDBP was not associated with any of the characteristics investigated . Conclusion: Prevalence of repeated high SBP, DBP, and SDBP were within the expected distribution at the population level. Nonetheless, gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity, family history of hypertension, and prematurity increased the risk of repeated high blood pressure measured at two occasions five years apart.
Surgical Configurations of the Pectoralis Major flap for Reconstruction of Sternoclavicular Defects: A Systematic Review and New Classification of Described Techniques
Authors: Opoku-Agyeman Jude , Matera David , Simone Jamee 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objectives : The pectoralis major flap has been considered the workhorse flap for chest and sternoclavicular defect reconstruction. There have been many configurations of the pectoralis major flap reported in the literature for use in reconstruction sternoclavicular defects either involving bone, soft tissue elements, or both. This study reviews the different configurations of the pectoralis major flap for sternoclavicular defect reconstruction and provides the first ever classification for these techniques. We also provide an algorithm for the selection of these flap variants for sternoclavicular defect reconstruction
Methods : EMBASE, Cochrane library, Ovid medicine and PubMed databases were searched from its inception to August of 2019. We included all studies describing surgical management of sternoclavicular defects. The studies were reviewed, and the different configurations of the pectoralis major flap used for sternoclavicular defect reconstruction were cataloged. We then proposed a new classification system for these procedures.
Results : The study included 6 articles published in the English language that provided a descriptive procedure for the use of pectoralis major flap in the reconstruction of sternoclavicular defects. The procedures were classified into three broad categories. In Type 1, the whole pectoris muscle is used. In Type 2, the pectoralis muscle is split and either advanced medially (type 2a) or rotated (type 2b) to fill the defect. In type 3, the clavicular portion of the pectoralis is islandized on a pedicle, either the thoracoacromial artery (type 3a) or the deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery (type 3b).
Conclusion: There are multiple configurations of the pectoralis flap reported in the English language literature for the reconstruction of sternoclavicular defects . Our classification system, The Opoku Classification will help surgeons select the appropriate configuration of the pectoralis major flap for sternoclavicular joint defect reconstruction based on size of defect, the status of the vascular anatomy, and acceptability of upper extremity disability. It will also help facilitate communication when describing the different configurations of the pectoralis major flap for reconstruction of sternoclavicular joint defects.
Accumulate evidence for IP-10 in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Qiu Xia , Xiong Tao , Su Xiaojuan , Qu Yi , Ge Long , Yue Yan , Zeng Yan , Li Wenxing , Hu Peng , Mu Dezhi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Backgrounds: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a major health and economic burden. Accurate PTB detection is an important step to eliminating TB globally. I nterferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) has been reported as a potential diagnostic marker for PTB since 2007. In this study, a meta-analysis approach was used to assess diagnostic value of IP-10 for PTB.
Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for studies published in English up to February 2019. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), the area under the curve (AUC) and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve were estimated by the HSROC model and random effect model.
Results: Eighteen studies including 2836 total participants met our inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR of IP-10 for PTB detection were 86%, 88%, 7.00, and 0.16, respectively. The pooled DOR was 43.01, indicating a very powerful discriminatory ability of IP-10. The AUC was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91–0.95), showed the accuracy of IP-10 was good. Meta-regression showed that there was no heterogeneity with respect to TB burden, study design type, age, IP-10 assay method, IP-10 condition and HIV-infection status.
Conclusions: Our results showed that IP-10 is a promising marker for differentiating PTB from non-TB.
Vasculogenic mimicry as a poor diagnostic and prognostic indicator in patients with malignant‎ melanoma: A ‎systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Imani Saber , Shasaltaneh Marzieh Dehghan , Hosseinifard Hossein , Linglin Zou , Fan Yu , Wen QingLian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a brand-new tumor microvascular model of non-endothelial cells, has been proposed as an important therapeutic target in malignant melanoma (MM). We performed a systematic review to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of VM for overall survival of MM patients.
Methods: Using QUADAS-2 tool, the quality of the included studies was evaluated. Diagnostic capacity of VM variables were pooled by Meta-Disc software in term of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC).
Results: A retrospective observational study was conducted based on ‎ten studies including 978 clinically melanoma patients with proportion (P). VM+ melanoma cells were associated with poor prognosis in 38% of MM group (P = 0.35, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.27-0.42, p-value < 0.001 ). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79-0.84) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.66-0.71), respectively. Furthermore, the pooled PLR, NLR, and DOR were 2.56 (95% CI: 1.94-3.93), 0.17 (95% CI: 0.07-0.42), and 17.75 (95% CI: 5.30-59.44), respectively. Also, the AUC of SROC was 0.63, indicating high conserving of VM as a biomarker‎. Importantly, subgroup results suggested that VM+ tumor was a significantly accurate prognostic biomarker when diagnosed by CD31-/PAS+ staining methods in Asian MM samples ( p-value < 0.001 ).
Conclusions: Our findings support the potential of VM+ tumor as a promising prognostic biomarker and emphasize on an effective adjuvant therapeutic strategy in prognosis of Asian MM patients..
RISK FACTORS FOR MORTALITY OF PATIENTS WITH CEFTRIAXONE RESISTANT E. COLI BACTEREMIA RECEIVING CARBAPENEM VERSUS BETA LACTAM/BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR THERAPY
Authors: Nasir Nosheen , Ahmed Sara , Razi Samrah , Awan Safia , Mahmood Faisal 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective:
Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae predominantly E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteremia have limited treatment options and high mortality. The objective was to determine the risk factors for in-hospital mortality particularly treatment with Carbapenem versus Beta lactam/beta lactamase combination (BL/BLI) in patients with Ceftriaxone resistant E. coli bacteremia.
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Adult patients with sepsis and monomicrobial Ceftriaxone resistant E. coli bacteremia were enrolled. Factors associated with mortality in patients were determined using logistic regression analysis.
Results:
Mortality rate was 37% in those empirically treated with carbapenem compared to 20% treated with BL/BLI combination therapy (p-value: 0.012) and was 21% in those treated with a carbapenem compared to 13% in patients definitively treated with BL/BLI combination therapy (p-value: 0.152). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, only Pitt bacteremia score of ≥ four was significantly associated with mortality (OR: 7.7 CI: 2.6-22.8) while a urinary source of bacteremia was protective (OR: 0.26 CI: 0.11-0.58).
In-hospital mortality in patients with Ceftriaxone resistant E. coli bacteremia did not differ in patients treated with either a carbapenem or BL/BLI combination. However, Pitt bacteremia score of ≥ 4 was strongly associated with mortality.
Prevalence of Psychological Distress and Associated Factors among Adult Tuberculosis Patients Attending Public Health Institutions in Dire Dawa and Harar Cities, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ayana Tegegn Mulatu , Roba Kedir Teji , Mabalhin Myrla Obejero 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
In developing countries the prevalence of psychological distress was higher among tuberculosis patients. Patients with tuberculosis infection were more prone to psychological distress than peoples without tuberculosis. However, little studies were conducted in on psychological distress among tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia, particularly in Eastern Ethiopian public health institution.
Methods
Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Based on the TB burden, four hospitals and six health centers were selected from Dire Dawa and Harar cities. Socio-demographic factors, psychological distress, TB related stigma experience, and alcohol use data were collected by face to face interview while TB and HIV related variables collected from TB registration book. All TB patients from the first month of TB treatment initiation through 6 were consecutively interviewed by trained data collectors from January to February 2018. The collected data were entered into Epi Data Version 3.1 software and exported into SPSS window version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was carried out. All variables with P-value ≤ 0.25 were taken into the multivariate model. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were estimated, and variables with P-value less than 0.05 in the final model were taken as significant predictors of psychological distress. distress.
Results
The prevalence of psychological distress among tuberculosis in this study population was 63.3% (95% CI: 58.1, 68.1). Being from rural residence (AOR: 1. 98; 95% CI: 1.01,3.86), co-infection TB- HIV (AOR: 2.15; 95% CI:1.02, 4.56), presence of at least one chronic disease (AOR:3.04; 95% CI:1.59,5.79), experience of stigma (AOR: 1.71; 95% CI:1.01, 2.90), Pulmonary and MDR-TB (AOR:2.53; 95% CI:1.50,4.28) and smoking cigarette (AOR:2.53; 95% CI:1.06,6.03) were associated with psychological distress.
Conclusion
In this study, almost two-thirds of the tuberculosis patients had psychological distress. Chronic disease morbidity, HIV-TB co-infection and experienced TB related stigma were associated with psychological distress. Attention should be given to chronic diseases including HIV/AIDS diagnosis and referring to chronic disease units to prevent the impact on mental health. Consideration should be given for psychological distress and linking moderate to severe form of the disease to the Psychiatric clinics to hinder its effects.
Evaluating Overall Survival and Competing Risks of Survival in Patients With Early Stage Breast Cancer Using a Comprehensive Nomogram
Authors: Xu Yanbo , Liu Hong , Cao Qi-Hua , Ji Jia-Li , Dong Rong-Rong , Xu Dong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
BackgroundPatients with early stage breast cancer (BC) live long but accompany with competing comorbidities. This study aims to estimate the impact of cancer and non-cancer causes of death in early stage BC patients, and further quantify the survival differences. MethodsPatients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were enrolled in the study. Cumulative incidence function (CIF) for cause-specific death and other causes of death were estimated, and the differences were tested by Gray’s test. Nomogram for estimating 3-, 4-, and 5-year overall survival, cancer-specific survival and other-cause-specific survival was established based on Cox regression analysis and Fine and Gray’s competing risk analysis. The discriminative ability, calibration and precision of the nomogram was evaluated and compared using C statistics, calibration plots and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve. Results196304 eligible patients with early-stage BC patients were enrolled in this study. Prolonged overall survival (OS) was associated with younger age, well differentiation, smaller tumor size, Luminal subtype and presence of surgery ( p <0.001). For competing events, Fine and Gray's competing risk analysis was used to validate the predictors: i ncreasing age, poorer differentiation, larger tumor size, triple negative subtype, HER2 enriched subtype and absence of surgery for cancer-specific mortality (CSM); and increasing age, larger tumor size and absence of surgery for other-cause-specific mortality (OCSM). The established nomogram was well calibrated, and displayed good discrimination in both training cohort and validation cohort by calibration plots (Figure 4), with a concordance index of 0.801 (95% CI, 0.795-0.806; p =0.003) for OS prediction; 0.830 (95% CI, 0.824-0.836; p =0.003) for CSM prediction and 0.806 (95% CI, 0.798-0.814; p =0.004) for OCSM prediction. Furthermore, the AUC values for predicting survival and death were: OS, 80.2% (3-year), 79.5% (4-year), and 78.7% (5-year); CSM, 83.0% (3-year), 81.7% (4-year), and 80.3% (5-year); OCSM 81.3% (3-year), 80.8% (4-year), and 81.7% (5-year) (Figure 5). ConclusionsWe evaluated OS and CIF of cancer-specific death and other-cause-specific death in patients with early stage BC based on Cox regression analysis and Fine and Gray’s competing risk analysis and developed the first comprehensive prognostic nomogram.
Hospital contacts due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and neoplasms among seafarers compared to farmers: a Danish register-based cohort study
Authors: Herttua Kimmo , Nielsen Jesper Bo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Seafaring has an occupational environment with many health risks. On the other hand, regular medical examinations are mandatory to get permission for working onboard. The present study examined incidence of neoplasms, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among Danish seafarers compared with farmers, as a relevant land-based trade.Methods The participants were all seafarers or farmers aged 18-65 years at the baseline and residing in Denmark. Two cohorts with baselines in 2002 (n=56,216) and 2012 (n=42,000) were linked to records from Danish health registers. We calculated incident rates and the hazard ratios of hospital contacts using Cox regression models separately for men and women.Results In all disease categories, the risk for hospital contact was higher among male seafarers compared with male farmers. The adjusted hazard ratios for the 2012 cohort for neoplasms, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were 1.36 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.58), 1.16 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.32), and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.28 to 1.78), respectively. Among female seafarers, the hazard ratio for the 2012 cohort for respiratory diseases was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.18 to 2.10), but for cardiovascular diseases 0.73 (95% CI: 0.54 to 0.99). Between the 2002 and 2012 cohort, the incident rates and differences decreased in cardiovascular diseases and increased in neoplasms and respiratory diseases, particularly in men.Conclusions Findings of this register-based cohort study suggest that, regardless of mandatory and regular medical examinations, seafaring is associated with a substantially increased risk of respiratory diseases in both sexes, and neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases among men.
Setting up a nurse-led model of care for management of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in a high HIV prevalence context in rural Zimbabwe: a descriptive study
Authors: Frieden Marthe Marie , Zamba Blessing , Mukumbi Nisbert , Mafaune Patron Titsha , Makumbe Brian , Irungu Elizabeth , Moneti Virginia , Isaakidis Petros , Garone Daniela , Prasai Madhu Janina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background In light of the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases on health systems in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, context adapted cost effective service delivery models are now required as a matter of urgency. Multiple models have thus been trialled across Africa with varying degrees of success. Zimbabwe is a low-income country with unique socio-economic challenges but similar dual disease burden of infectious chronic diseases such as HIV and non-communicable diseases. We aim to describe the experience of setting up and organising a nurse-led Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Hypertension (HTN) model of care in a rural context of a low-income country from July 2016 to June 2019.Methods A descriptive study based on a conceptual framework successfully applied in the roll-out of antiretroviral therapy in Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. Attempting to mirror the HIV experience, we describe the key enablers in the design and implementation of the model: decentralization of services, integration of care, simplification of management guidelines, mentoring and task-sharing, provision of affordable medicines, quality assured laboratory support, patient empowerment, a dedicated monitoring and evaluation system, and a robust referral system.Results 11 out of 51 health facilities were selected in Chipinge district, of which nine were primary health care (PHC) clinics and two were hospitals. DM/HTN services were set up and integrated into the general out-patient department or pre-existing HIV clinics. In one hospital, an integrated chronic care clinic was established. Through structured intensive mentoring, including simplified protocols, nurses in seven PHC facilities and one hospital developed sufficient knowledge and skills to diagnose, initiate treatment and monitor DM/HTN patients. Overall, more than 3000 patients were registered in a dedicated recording system and offered education. Free medication with differentiated periodic refills and regular monitoring of blood pressure and/or blood glucose with the use of glycosylated haemoglobin were provided.Conclusion Our experience shows that it is feasible to implement nurse-led decentralized integrated DM/HTN care in a high HIV prevalence rural, low-income context. Developing a context-adapted efficient model of care is a dynamic process.
Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on cognitive function among non-demented African American and Latino older adults in the USA: A scoping review
Authors: Shaw Ashley , Perales-Puchalt Jaime , Valdivieso-Mora Esmeralda , McGee Jerrihlyn L. , Vaduvathiriyan Prasanna , Vidoni Eric D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective African Americans and Latinos/Hispanics have a higher prevalence of dementia compared to non-Latino Whites. This scoping review aims to synthesize non-pharmaceutical interventions to delay or slow age-related cognitive decline among cognitively healthy African American and Latino older adults.Design A literature search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science between January 2000 – May 2019. Relevant cited references and grey literature were also reviewed. Four independent reviewers evaluated 1,181 abstracts, and full-article screening was subsequently performed for 145 articles. The scoping review consisted of eight studies, which were evaluated according to peer-reviewed original manuscript, non-pharmaceutical intervention, cognitive function as an outcome, separate reporting of results for African American and Latino individuals, minimum age of 40, and conducted in the United States. A total of 8 studies were considered eligible and were analyzed in the present scoping review.Results Eight studies were identified. Four studies focused on African Americans and four focused on Latino individuals. Through the analysis, results indicated cognitive training-focused interventions were effective in improving memory, executive function, reasoning, visuospatial, psychological function, and speed among African Americans. Exercise interventions were effective in improving cognition among Latino individuals.Conclusion This scoping review identified effective non-pharmaceutical interventions among African American and Latino individuals. Effective interventions focused on cognitive training alone for African Americans and exercise combined with group educational sessions for Latino individuals. Future research should explore developing culturally appropriate non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce disparities and to enhance cognition among older African American and Latino individuals.