bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pupil responses to pitch deviants reflect predictability of melodic sequences
Authors: Roberta Bianco , Esther Ptasczynski Lena , Diana Omigie 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTHumans automatically detect events that, in deviating from their expectations, may signal prediction failure and a need to reorient behaviour. The pupil dilation response (PDR) to violations has been associated with subcortical signals of arousal and prediction resetting. However, it is unclear how the context in which a deviant occurs affects the size of the PDR. Using ecological musical stimuli that we characterised using a computational model, we showed that the PDR to pitch deviants is sensitive to contextual uncertainty (quantified as entropy), whereby the PDR was greater in low than high entropy contexts. The PDR was also positively correlated with unexpectedness of notes. No effects of music expertise were found, suggesting a ceiling effect due to enculturation. These results show that the same sudden environmental change can lead to differing arousal levels depending on contextual factors, providing evidence for a sensitivity of the PDR to long-term context.
Safety of intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone for infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Chai Yimeng , Zhou Zifu , Song Jiayin , Lv Renrong , Xu Guangqi , Bi Jianhai , Li Xueqing , Li Zhiyu , Huo Ran 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe efficacy of lauromacrogol injection therapy and intralesional triamcinolone for infantile hemangiomas (IH) has been well documented recently, but with an increase in serious or rare adverse reactions. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety concerns regarding intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone for IH and to study its effect on infant growth and development. A total of 1039 IH patients who were subjected to intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone in the Plastic Surgery Department of Shandong Provincial Hospital between 1 January 2015 and 31 May 2018 were enrolled in this study. When the dose of lauromacrogol and triamcinolone was less than 3.5 and 2.0 mg/kg respectively, no serious side‐effects were observed. The adverse event rate reported was 7.7%. Among the 405 patients not subjected to propranolol before the last injection, the study included three modes of treatment response: regression (82.7%), stabilization (13.8%) and failure (3.5%). By comparing height and weight to the reference standards and also by comparisons between the same‐sex groups, our results confirmed that there was no significant effect on children's height and weight, regardless of whether the injection therapy was combined with oral propranolol at the appropriate dose and with more than 4‐week intervals. Intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone in the treatment of IH was highly safe and effective.
High expression of DLG3 is associated with decreased survival from breast cancer
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Pingping , Wang Ruiqi , Li Juan , Zhang Miao , Song Zhangjun , Liu Peijun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAbnormal expression or activity of proteins that regulate cell polarity can contribute to tumour progression. Discs large homolog (DLG) proteins play crucial roles in the maintenance of cell polarity and tissue morphogenesis. Previous studies of breast cancer patients showed that DLG3 had greater expression in the cancerous tissues than non‐cancerous tissues, but the relationship between DLG3 expression and breast cancer progression and prognosis is not clear. Here, we investigated the association of DLG3 expression with breast cancer progression and prognosis using data on clinicopathological parameters from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, with different clinicopathological parameters using ualcan and LinkedOmics, and with different stages and subtypes using immunohistochemical staining. The results indicated greater DLG3 expression in cancerous breast tissues than normal breast tissues and in luminal and Her2+ subtypes than in the triple‐negative subtype. DLG3 expression also had a positive correlation with pathologic stage and decreased survival rate. Our data suggest that DLG3 should be considered as a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
Identification and expression profiles analysis of odorant‐binding proteins in soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Wang Ling , Bi Ying‐Dong , Liu Ming , Li Wei , Liu Miao , Di Shu‐Feng , Yang Shuai , Fan Chao , Bai Lei , Lai Yong‐Cai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, is an extreme specialist and an important invasive pest that relies on olfaction for behaviors such as feeding, mating, and foraging. Odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) play a vital role in olfaction by binding to volatile compounds and by regulating insect sensing of the environment. In this work we used rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends technology to identify and characterize 10 genes encoding A. glycines OBPs (AglyOBPs) belonging to 3 subfamilies, including 4 classic OBPs, 5 Plus‐C OBPs, and one Minus‐C OBP. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated variable specific expression patterns for the 10 genes based on developmental stage and aphid tissue sampled. Expression levels of 7 AglyOBPs (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, and 10) were highest in the 4th instar, indicating that the 4th nymphal instar is an important developmental period during which soybean aphids regulate feeding and search for host plants. Tissue‐specific expression results demonstrated that AglyOBP2, 7, and 9 exhibited significantly higher expression levels in antennae. Meanwhile, ligand‐binding analysis of 5 OBPs demonstrated binding of AglyOBP2 and AglyOBP3 to a broad spectrum of volatiles released by green leaf plants, with bias toward 6‐ to 8‐carbon chain volatiles and strong binding of AglyOBP7 to trans‐β‐farnesene. Taken together, our findings build a foundation of knowledge for use in the study of molecular olfaction mechanisms and provide insights to guide future soybean aphid research.
A molecular framework for the embryo growth in germinating seeds of Solanum lycocarpum A. St.‐Hil., a nurse plant species
Authors: Silveira Lilian E. D. , Ribeiro‐Oliveira João Paulo , Ajala‐Luccas Daiani , Bravo Juliana P. , da Silva Edvaldo A. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe are clarifying how the functional embryo growth occurs in germinating seeds of Solanum lycocarpum A. St.‐Hil., a nurse plant with a central role in forest dynamics in the Cerrado (a biodiversity hotspot). For that, we used classical seed germination measurements (germinability, mean germination time, mean germination rate, coefficient of variation of the germination time, synchronisation index and germination time range) and gene expression of mRNA codifying key proteins/enzymes for the success in the seed–seedling transition (Cyclin, Actin, Small Heat Shock Protein, Glutathione S‐transferase, Malate Dehydrogenase, Alcohol Dehydrogenase). Our findings demonstrate: (a) Although germination kinetics in S. lycocarpum seeds is slower than that in tomato seeds, the fold change of genes codifying key enzymes for the embryo development is similar in germinating seeds of both species. (b) The genes used here are useful, from a technical point of view, for classifying commercial seed samples of the species in relation to physiological quality. More notably, cyclin and malate dehydrogenase genes have a greater expression, both in germination sensu stricto and in immediate post‐germination. (c) A molecular framework for the embryo growth in germinating seeds of S. lycocarpum can be a functional explication for the species to be a nurse plant. Thus, the overlapping of classical and contemporary measurements is especially interesting to those species playing a central role in the environment, such as nurse plants, and may represent a new conservationist paradigm.
Inhaled prostacyclin for the prevention of increased pulmonary vascular resistance in cemented hip hemiarthroplasty—A randomised trial
Authors: Hård af Segerstad Mathias , Olsen Fredrik , Houltz Erik , Nellgård Bengt , Ricksten Sven‐Erik 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundBone cementation may cause pulmonary vasoconstriction and ventilation/perfusion abnormalities in patients undergoing cemented hip hemiarthroplasty. In this randomised trial, we tested the hypothesis that intra‐operative inhalation of prostacyclin could attenuate the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI, primary endpoint) when compared to inhaled saline in this group of patients.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with displaced femoral neck fractures were allocated to receive inhaled aerosolised prostacyclin (20 ng/kg/min) (n = 11) or inhaled saline (NaCl, 9 mg/mL) (n = 11). All patients received total intravenous anaesthesia and were catheterised with radial and pulmonary artery fast response thermodilution catheters, for measurements of arterial and pulmonary arterial pressures, cardiac output, right ventricular ejection fraction and effective pulmonary arterial elastance. Haemodynamic measurements were performed after induction of anaesthesia, during surgery before and immediately after bone cementation and prosthesis insertion, 10 and 20 min after insertion and during skin closure.ResultsDuring the surgical procedure, PVRI increased both in the saline (44%, P < 0.001) and the prostacyclin (36%, P = 0.019) groups, with a less pronounced increase in the prostacyclin group (P = 0.031). Effective pulmonary arterial elastance increased both in the saline (44%, P < 0.001) and the prostacyclin groups (29%, P = 0.032), with a trend for a less pronounced increase in the prostacyclin group (P = 0.084). Right ventricular ejection fraction decreased significantly in both groups with no difference between the groups.ConclusionInhalation of prostacyclin attenuates the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance in patients undergoing cemented hip hemiarthroplasty and could potentially attenuate/prevent haemodynamic instability induced by an increase in right ventricular afterload seen in this procedure.
Influence of anti‐inflammatory irrigant on substance P expression for single‐visit root canal treatment of teeth with irreversible pulpitis
Authors: Bamini Lavanya , Anand Sherwood I , Abbott Paul V. , Uthandakalaipandian Ramesh , Velu Vijay 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne of the main objectives of root canal treatment is to alleviate the pain associated with irreversibly inflamed pulps. However, some patients may have moderate to severe pain following treatment. The aim of this study was to compare and assess the effect of ketorolac tromethamine on substance P expression in the pulp and periapical tissues when used as a root canal irrigant for single‐visit root canal treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Thirty‐six patients were randomly allotted to three irrigant groups – saline (n = 14), 3% sodium hypochlorite (n = 11) and ketorolac tromethamine (n = 11). Pulp blood samples (S1) were collected on gaining access to the pulp, and periapical blood samples (S2) were collected after root canal preparation. Quantification of substance P was done by ELISA test. The ketorolac tromethamine group had greater reduction in substance P expression (S2). Post‐operative pain levels were not significantly influenced by the different root canal irrigants.
Logistic early warning scores to predict death, cardiac arrest or unplanned intensive care unit re‐admission after cardiac surgery
Authors: Chiu Y.‐D. , Villar S. S. , Brand J. W. , Patteril M. V. , Morrice D. J. , Clayton J. , Mackay J. H. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryNHS England recently mandated that the National Early Warning Score of vital signs be used in all acute hospital trusts in the UK despite limited validation in the postoperative setting. We undertook a multicentre UK study of 13,631 patients discharged from intensive care after risk‐stratified cardiac surgery in four centres, all of which used VitalPACTM to electronically collect postoperative National Early Warning Score vital signs. We analysed 540,127 sets of vital signs to generate a logistic score, the discrimination of which we compared with the national additive score for the composite outcome of: in‐hospital death; cardiac arrest; or unplanned intensive care admission. There were 578 patients (4.2%) with an outcome that followed 4300 sets of observations (0.8%) in the preceding 24 h: 499 out of 578 (86%) patients had unplanned re‐admissions to intensive care. Discrimination by the logistic score was significantly better than the additive score. Respective areas (95%CI) under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve with 24‐h and 6‐h vital signs were: 0.779 (0.771–0.786) vs. 0.754 (0.746–0.761), p < 0.001; and 0.841 (0.829–0.853) vs. 0.813 (0.800–0.825), p < 0.001, respectively. Our proposed logistic Early Warning Score was better than the current National Early Warning Score at discriminating patients who had an event after cardiac surgery from those who did not.
Impact of oral immunoglobulins on animal health—A review
Authors: Balan Prabhu , Sik‐Han Kyoung , Moughan Paul J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImmunoglobulin (Ig) is the one of the main anti‐infective components of blood, colostrum and breast milk. It is the unique glycoprotein that defends the body from harmful bacteria, viruses and other environmental pathogens by either binding to them or by forming an encapsulating barrier. The expansion of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory products from natural sources for dietary supplementation in both animals and humans is an ever growing and thriving area of research. Purified Ig from sheep serum (ovine serum Ig) is one such candidate product. Recent work has shown the various biological effects of oral Ig in different animal models including its effect on growth, immunity, intestinal growth and gut barrier function. The objective of this paper is to review the results of recent studies demonstrating the effects of oral Ig in both pathogenic and non‐pathogenic animal models and to suggest a possible mechanism of its action. Overall, purified oral Ig improves growth of healthy (and challenged) rats and defends against enteric infection by immunomodulation, mucin protein and/or modification of commensal microbial composition. The findings contribute to knowledge of how orally administered ovine Ig can influence and enhance key indicators of gut function and overall growth performance in an animal model.
Testing independence between two random sets for the analysis of colocalization in bioimaging
Authors: Lavancier Frédéric , Pécot Thierry , Zengzhen Liu , Kervrann Charles 
Published: July 2019

AbstractColocalization aims at characterizing spatial associations between two fluorescently tagged biomolecules by quantifying the co‐occurrence and correlation between the two channels acquired in fluorescence microscopy. Colocalization is presented either as the degree of overlap between the two channels or the overlays of the red and green images, with areas of yellow indicating colocalization of the molecules. This problem remains an open issue in diffraction‐limited microscopy and raises new challenges with the emergence of superresolution imaging, a microscopic technique awarded by the 2014 Nobel prize in chemistry. We propose GcoPS, for Geo‐coPositioning System, an original method that exploits the random sets structure of the tagged molecules to provide an explicit testing procedure. Our simulation study shows that GcoPS unequivocally outperforms the best competitive methods in adverse situations (noise, irregularly shaped fluorescent patterns, and different optical resolutions). GcoPS is also much faster, a decisive advantage to face the huge amount of data in superresolution imaging. We demonstrate the performances of GcoPS on two biological real data sets, obtained by conventional diffraction‐limited microscopy technique and by superresolution technique, respectively.
Longer treatment duration and history of osteoarticular symptoms predispose to tyrosine kinase inhibitor withdrawal syndrome
Authors: Berger Marc G. , Pereira Bruno , Rousselot Philippe , Cony‐Makhoul Pascale , Gardembas Martine , Legros Laurence , Escoffre‐Barbe Martine , Nicolini Franck‐Emmanuel , Saugues Sandrine , Lambert Céline , Réa Delphine , Guerci‐Bresler Agnès , Giraudier Stéphane , Guilhot Joëlle , Saussele Susanne , Mahon François‐Xavier ,   the (France Intergroupe des Leucémies Myéloïdes Chroniques)
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has made it possible to consider treatment discontinuation in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients that achieve an excellent response. However, a few of the patients included in the Europe Stop Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (EURO‐SKI) trial reported musculoskeletal pain shortly after stopping TKIs, considered as a withdrawal syndrome (WS). To identify factors that may predispose to TKI WS, we analysed the pharmacovigilance declarations for the 6 months after stopping TKIs in a large cohort of CML (n = 427) that combined the French patients included in the STop IMatinib 2 (STIM2; n = 224) and EURO‐SKI (n = 203) trials. Among these patients, 23% (99/427) developed TKI WS after stopping imatinib (77/373; 20·4%), nilotinib (12/29; 41·4%) or dasatinib (10/25; 40%). WS concerned mainly the upper body joints, and required multiple symptomatic treatments in 30% of patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified two risk factors: duration of TKI treatment [risk ratio (RR) = 1·68 (1·02–2·74)] with a 93‐month cut‐off time, and history of osteoarticular symptoms [RR = 1·84 (1·04–3·28)]. These findings confirm that WS is a TKI class effect. CML patients should be carefully screened before treatment initiation to identify pre‐existent osteoarticular symptoms. Moreover, before TKI discontinuation, patients should be informed of the possibility of WS, particularly after a long treatment period.
An overview of the pharmacology of olive oil and its active ingredients
Authors: Visioli Francesco , Davalos Alberto , López de las Hazas María‐Carmen , Crespo María Carmen , Tomé‐Carneiro Joao 
Published: July 2019

In addition to providing sensory stimuli, usually taste, smell and sight, olive oil contains a range of minor components, mostly phenolic in nature. These components are endowed with pharmacological or pharma‐nutritional properties that are the subject of active research worldwide. Based on our more than 25 years of experience in this field, we critically focus on what we believe are the most pharmacologically prominent actions of the constituents of olive oil. Most of the effects are due to the phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil, such as hydroxytyrosol and oleocanthal (which are often mis‐categorized as in vivo antioxidants) and concern the cardiovascular system. Other potentially beneficial activities are still to be investigated in depth. We conclude that—in the context of a proper diet that includes high‐quality products—the use of high‐quality olive oil contributes to achieving and sustaining overall health.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
Tipping the scales: Are females more at risk for obesity‐ and high‐fat diet‐induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction?
Authors: Taylor Lia E. , Ramirez Lindsey A. , Musall Jacqueline B. , Sullivan Jennifer C. 
Published: July 2019

Obesity is a common metabolic disorder that has become a widespread epidemic in several countries. Sex and gender disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been well documented with premenopausal women having a lower incidence of CVD than age‐matched men. However, women are more likely than men to suffer from obesity, which can predispose them to a greater risk of CVD. The mechanisms underlying high‐fat diet (HFD)‐ or obesity‐induced hypertension are not well defined, although immune system activation and inflammation have been implicated in several studies. Further, the sex of the subject can have a profound influence on the immune response to hypertensive stimuli. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the effects of sex and gender on the role of the immune system in HFD‐induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc
Evaluation and use of an anti‐cynomolgus monkey CD79b surrogate antibody–drug conjugate to enable clinical development of polatuzumab vedotin
Authors: Li Dongwei , Lee Donna , Dere Randall C. , Zheng Bing , Yu Shang‐Fan , Fuh Franklin K. , Kozak Katherine R. , Chung Shan , Bumbaca Yadav Daniela , Nazzal Denise , Danilenko Dimitry , Go Mary Ann T. , Williams Marna , Polson Andrew G. , Poon Kirsten Achilles , Prabhu Saileta 
Published: July 2019

Background and PurposePolatuzumab vedotin is an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) being developed for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. It contains a humanized anti‐CD79b IgG1 monoclonal antibody linked to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), an anti‐mitotic agent. Polatuzumab vedotin binds to human CD79b only. Therefore, a surrogate ADC that binds to cynomolgus monkey CD79b was used to determine CD79b‐mediated pharmacological effects in the monkey and to enable first‐in‐human clinical trials.Experimental ApproachPolatuzumab vedotin, the surrogate ADC, and the corresponding antibodies were evaluated in different assays in vitro and in animals. In vitro assessments included binding to peripheral blood mononuclear cells from different species, binding to a human and monkey CD79b‐expressing cell line, binding to human Fcγ receptors, and stability in plasma across species. In vivo, ADCs were assessed for anti‐tumour activity in mice, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in monkeys, and toxicity in rats and monkeys.Key ResultsPolatuzumab vedotin and surrogate ADC bind with similar affinity to human and cynomolgus monkey B cells, respectively. Comparable in vitro plasma stability, in vivo anti‐tumour activity, and mouse pharmacokinetics were also observed between the surrogate ADC and polatuzumab vedotin. In monkeys, only the surrogate ADC showed B‐cell depletion and B‐cell‐mediated drug disposition, but both ADCs showed similar MMAE‐driven myelotoxicity, as expected.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe suitability of the surrogate ADC for evaluation of CD79b‐dependent pharmacology was demonstrated, and anti‐tumour activity, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and toxicity data with both ADCs supported the entry of polatuzumab vedotin into clinical trials.