bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topoisomerase 1B poisons: Over a half‐century of drug leads, clinical candidates, and serendipitous discoveries
Authors: Cinelli Maris A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTopoisomerases are DNA processing enzymes that relieve supercoiling (torsional strain) in DNA, are necessary for normal cellular division, and act by nicking (and then religating) DNA strands. Type 1B topoisomerase (Top1) is overexpressed in certain tumors, and the enzyme has been extensively investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy. Various chemical agents can act as “poisons” of the enzyme’s religation step, leading to Top1‐DNA lesions, DNA breakage, and eventual cellular death. In this review, agents that poison Top1 (and have thus been investigated for their anticancer properties) are surveyed, including natural products (such as camptothecins and indolocarbazoles), semisynthetic camptothecin and luotonin derivatives, and synthetic compounds (such as benzonaphthyridines, aromathecins, and indenoisoquinolines), as well as targeted therapies and conjugates. Top1 has also been investigated as a therapeutic target in certain viral and parasitic infections, as well as autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurological disorders, and a summary of literature describing alternative indications is also provided. This review should provide both a reference for the medicinal chemist and potentially offer clues to aid in the development of new Top1 poisons.
28 GHz Taylor feed network for sidelobe level reduction in 5G phased array antennas
Authors: Hill Timothy A. , Kelly James R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a design procedure for a phased array feed network. The procedure is validated by designing and fabricating a set of 28 GHz 8‐element beam steerable antennas. Within the feed, a Taylor n‐bar amplitude taper is implemented using unequal power dividers. At boresight, the taper reduced the sidelobe level by 2.84 dB to −15.2 dB. Beam steering from 0° to 48° is achieved using meanders. An empirical formula for the meander widths is proposed, enabling independent control of amplitude and phase. Empirical formulae for the initial parameters of the unequal dividers are also proposed. The wide transmission lines in this feed network are compatible with low‐cost PCB fabrication techniques.
Miniaturization of Archimedean spiral antenna for wideband beamforming arrays
Authors: Park C. J. , Yoon Y. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a compact spiral antenna with an improved bandwidth and miniaturized radiator for 3:1 (2‐6 GHz) wideband antenna beamforming arrays. The proposed antenna is composed of an Archimedean spiral antenna (ASA) with an annular ring and additional dielectric substrates with a circular hole. The spiral and ring radiators are printed between two substrates made of FR‐4, with a dielectric constant of 4.5 and thickness of 1.524 mm. The size of the antenna is 30 mm × 30 mm × 3.048 mm (0.2λ × 0.2λ × 0.02λ at the lowest frequency). The reduction rate of size is up to 15% compared with a conventional ASA using an annular ring, and it also has low‐profile characteristics.
Importance of the Initial Oxidation State of Copper for the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Oxalate to Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Sun Yannan , Meng Fanqiong , Ge Qingjie , Sun Jian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExposing a Cu‐based catalyst to a suitable temperature is of great importance to optimize its hydrogenation performance, as copper is sensitive to temperature. Herein, we investigated the effect of the initial oxidation state of copper, tuned by the reduction temperature, on its catalytic performance in the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) to ethylene glycol (EG) through designing a series of catalysts with different reduction temperatures (200–350 °C). Among these catalysts, the Cu/SiO2 catalyst prepared by ammonia evaporation with a hydrogen reduction process at 250 °C showed the best performance in the hydrogenation of DMO with a conversion of 100 % and a selectivity to EG higher than 95 %. The relationship between the initial oxidation state of copper and catalytic performance was well established by characterizing the physicochemical properties of the Cu/SiO2 catalysts by XRD, TEM, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, N2O adsorption, and in situ reduction Auger electron spectroscopy. The initial oxidation state of copper determined the conversion of DMO and the distribution of the products, and it could be balanced by reducing the temperature to improve the activity of the catalyst. This work provides a reference for further exploration of the mechanism and guidance for the design of catalysts for the hydrogenation of esters.
Statin use and survival in patients with gastric cancer in two independent population‐based cohorts
Authors: Spence Andrew D. , Busby John , Hughes Carmel M. , Johnston Brian T. , Coleman Helen G. , Cardwell Chris R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposePreclinical studies show statins inhibit pathways involved in gastric cancer progression, with observational studies demonstrating reduced gastric cancer risk in statin users. However, few studies have investigated statin use and survival in gastric cancer. We investigated statin use and survival in two large population‐based gastric cancer cohorts.MethodsPatients diagnosed with gastric cancer from 1998 to 2012 were identified from English and Scottish cancer registries. Statin prescriptions were identified from linkages to the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink in England and the Prescribing Information System in Scotland, and deaths identified from national mortality records. Time‐dependent Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer‐specific mortality by statin use in multivariate analysis. Meta‐analysis techniques pooled results across the cohorts.ResultsThe combined cohorts contained 3833 patients with gastric cancer and 2392 cancer‐specific deaths. Statin use after diagnosis was associated with reduced cancer‐specific mortality (adjusted HR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74‐0.92). HRs for less than 1 year and over 1 year of statin use were similar (adjusted HR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73‐0.94 and adjusted HR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.64‐1.01, respectively). Statin use prior to diagnosis was also associated with reduced cancer‐specific mortality (adjusted HR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84‐0.98).ConclusionsIn two independent UK cohorts, there was some evidence that statin use was associated with reduced cancer‐specific mortality. However, these associations were weak in magnitude and did not follow a clear dose response, and we cannot rule out confounding by stage.
Generational differences in spatial mobility: A study with mobile phone data
Authors: Masso Anu , Silm Siiri , Ahas Rein 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on generational differences in spatial mobility. Assuming that the ability to cope with the social transformations related to growing mobility varies significantly across generations, we use mobile positioning data collected in Estonia during 2014 providing four main indicators, namely, the number of locations visited and the distances between visited locations, within Estonia and abroad. The results indicate that spatial mobility declines linearly with age; however, a high degree of heterogeneity exists within age groups. Whereas the spatial mobility of the most active members of the younger generation takes place mostly within Estonia, among the most active older generation focus their activity beyond its borders. The study reveals “delayed mobility” patterns among the most active groups of the older generation and a new “immobility culture” among the younger generation in terms of cross‐border activities in a transition society.
The other side of need: Reverse economic flows ensuring migrants' transnational social protection
Authors: Palash Polina , Baby‐Collin Virginie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough there has been a significant study of remittances sent by migrants to their origin countries, reverse economic flows originating from sending contexts have so far received little attention. This paper shows that Ecuadorian migrants living in Europe use financial support from their relatives and their own economic resources from their origin country deriving from the renting of their properties, and to a lesser extent other sources. Financial means from Ecuador are used to ensure various transnational social protection needs both in Europe and in Ecuador, mostly by long‐settled economic migrants. Such arrangements emerged for 21 out of the total 63 transnational families considered in our study, investigated through a multi‐sited ethnography with a partially matched sample, conducted in 2015–2016 in Spain, England, and Ecuador. These unusual economic flows reflect an indirect reciprocity system of mutual responsibilities operating over large time frames and sometimes involve emotional discomfort and relational dissonances.
The age dimensions of urban socio‐spatial change
Authors: Hochstenbach Cody 
Published: November 2018

AbstractContemporary societal transformations are marked by particular age dynamics and shifting fault lines between generations. Growing socio‐economic divides between young and old have been singled out as a key concern, for example, on the housing market. However, age is not very often explicitly integrated into analyses of urban socio‐spatial inequality. This paper makes an effort to do so, drawing on the case study of Amsterdam (the Netherlands). Results highlight how age factors into urban socio‐spatial change. First, by placing age centre stage, it shows how aggregate urban upgrading comes about. Some age groups—those in their midthirties and over sixty—drive urban upgrading, whereas the 50‐to‐60 age group has become poorer, dampening upgrading. Second, geographies of affluence and poverty differ substantially between age groups. Whereas affluent elderly concentrate in the most privileged areas, and increasingly so, younger generations move to neighbourhoods lower on the urban hierarchy. Third, at any one point, multiple generations are involved in driving neighbourhood gentrification. Affluent elderly drive further gentrification in already affluent areas, wheras younger adults do so in lower status neighbourhoods.
Antinociceptive properties of 25‐methoxy hispidol A, a triterpinoid isolated from Poncirus trifoliata (Rutaceae) through inhibition of NF‐κB signalling in mice
Authors: Khan Ashrafullah , Ullah Muhammad Zia , Afridi Ruqayya , Rasheed Hina , Khalid Sidra , Ullah Hadayat , Ali Hussain , AlSharari Shakir D. , Kim Yeong Shik , Khan Salman 
Published: November 2018

The 25‐methoxy hispidol A (25‐MHA) is a triterpenoid, isolated from the immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata (Rutaceae). The pretreatment with 25‐MHA markedly (p < 0.001) attenuated the formalin‐induced biphasic responses as well as acetic acid‐induced writhing responses. The intraperitoneal administration of 25‐MHA significantly attenuated the mechanical hyperalgesia (p < 0.001) and allodynia (p < 0.05). Similarly, 25‐MHA also significantly attenuated (p < 0.001) complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced paw edema in mice. The 25‐MHA treatment significantly attenuated the production of nuclear kappa B (NF‐κB) (p65 nuclear subunit). The cytokines are the important mediators of inflammation and pain; however, treatment with 25‐MHA exhibited significant inhibition (p < 0.001) on the mRNA expression levels of various inflammatory mediators. The 25‐MHA administration also significantly enhanced antioxidant enzymes (p < 0.001) and inhibited the oxidative stress markers. The current study indicates that 25‐MHA significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) in mice plasma. Similarly, the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining shows that 25‐MHA administration significantly inhibited the inflammatory process in the mice paw tissue compared with the CFA‐treated group. The 25‐MHA treatment did not exhibited any toxicity on the liver, kidney, muscles strength, and motor co‐ordination in mice. The 25‐MHA was coadministered with the various drugs such as tramadol, piroxicam, and gabapentin to observe the synergistic effect.
The impact of pycnogenol supplementation on plasma lipids in humans: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Hadi Amir , Pourmasoumi Makan , Mohammadi Hamed , Javaheri Aftab , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein 
Published: November 2018

The effects of pycnogenol on plasma lipids are controversial. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials were conducted to obtain a conclusive result in humans. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched until March 2018, to explore the clinical trials that examined the effect of pycnogenol supplementation on lipid parameters among adult human. Methodological quality of the eligible studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. To estimate the effect size, changes in blood lipids were implemented. Results were pooled using a random effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 14 clinical trials with 1,065 participants suggested a significant increase in plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C; 3.27 mg/dL; 95% CI [0.19, 6.36]; p = 0.038). In contrast, plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC; −4.45 mg/dL, 95% CI [−11.24, 2.34]; p = 0.199), triacylglycerol (TAG; −3.64 mg/dL; 95% CI [−17.89, 10.61]; p = 0.616), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C; −3.61 mg/dl; 95% CI [−8.76, 1.55]; p = 0.171) were not altered. Adjustment for confounding variables was poor in included studies. Also, these studies did not assess dietary lipid intake. The results indicate that pycnogenol supplementation improves levels of HDL‐C; however, the changes in TC, TAG, and LDL‐C were not clinically relevant. Since there are few phytochemicals that have a significant increasing effect on HDL‐C levels, pycnogenol may have important role in prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Coacervation of Interfacial Adhesive Proteins for Initial Mussel Adhesion to a Wet Surface
Authors: Yang Byeongseon , Jin Sila , Park Yeonju , Jung Young Mee , Cha Hyung Joon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCoacervation of mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) is proposed as a potential strategy that mussels may use during secretion due to their high concentration density, lack of dispersion into seawater, and low interfacial tension. Particularly, coacervations of interfacial MAPs, foot protein type‐3 fast variant (fp‐3F) and type‐5 (fp‐5), are important in the initial mussel adhesion process due to the relationship between the easy secretion/surface wetting properties of the coacervate and primer‐like surface adhesive role of interfacial MAPs, which directly contact the marine surface. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on coacervate formation of major recombinant interfacial MAPs with high charge densities and the highest 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) contents. Specifically, salt‐induced coacervation of fp‐3F is observed at low pH values corresponding to the acidified environment of the distal depression during mussel secretion. In addition, it shows enthalpy driven upper critical solution temperature behavior, possibly relying on bridging interactions between like‐charged cationic fp‐3Fs including salt‐bridge and cation–π/π–π interactions in the presence of specific counterions, supported by Raman spectroscopy. It is believed that this study has broadened the scope of the understanding of coacervation of MAPs and may provide new insight for responsive biomaterial design.
DILAF: A framework for distributed analysis of large‐scale system logs for anomaly detection
Authors: Astekin Merve , Zengin Harun , Sözer Hasan 
Published: November 2018

SummarySystem logs constitute a rich source of information for detection and prediction of anomalies. However, they can include a huge volume of data, which is usually unstructured or semistructured. We introduce DILAF, a framework for distributed analysis of large‐scale system logs for anomaly detection. DILAF is comprised of several processes to facilitate log parsing, feature extraction, and machine learning activities. It has two distinguishing features with respect to the existing tools. First, it does not require the availability of source code of the analyzed system. Second, it is designed to perform all the processes in a distributed manner to support scalable analysis in the context of large‐scale distributed systems. We discuss the software architecture of DILAF and we introduce an implementation of it. We conducted controlled experiments based on two datasets to evaluate the effectiveness of the framework. In particular, we evaluated the performance and scalability attributes under various degrees of parallelism. Results showed that DILAF can maintain the same accuracy levels while achieving more than 30% performance improvement on average as the system scales, compared to baseline approaches that do not employ fully distributed processing.
Introduction
Authors: Lindsay Claire 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis chapter, drawing first on pertinent archival material from Anita Brenner’s papers, introduces the book’s main concerns in brief—the relation between print culture, tourism, and nationhood, and the (geo)political ramifications of content and style in and beyond the periodical’s pages—before elucidating its overall scope, shape, and principal objectives. It provides a theoretical rationale for the study (referring to the work of Néstor García Canclini and Benedict Anderson as well as reinterpretations of the latter’s ideas within Latin American cultural studies) and ends with an overview of the main chapters.
Does the chiral magnetic effect change the dynamic universality class in QCD?
Authors: Hongo Masaru , Sogabe Noriyuki , Yamamoto Naoki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn QCD matter under an external magnetic field, the chiral magnetic effect (CME) leads to the collective gapless mode called the chiral magnetic wave (CMW). Since dynamic universality class generally depends on low-energy gapless modes, it is nontrivial whether the CME and the resulting CMW change that of the second-order chiral phase transition in QCD. To address this question, we study the critical dynamics near the chiral phase transition in massless two-flavor QCD under an external magnetic field. By performing the dynamic renormalization-group analysis within the ϵ expansion, we find that the presence of the CME changes the dynamic universality class to that of model A. We also show that the transport coefficient of the CME is not renormalized by the critical fluctuations of the order parameter.
Searching for potent and specific antibiotics against pathogenic Helicobacter and Campylobacter strains
Authors: Ogasawara Yasushi , Dairi Tohru 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Menaquinone is an obligatory component of the electron-transfer pathway in microorganisms. Its biosynthetic pathway was established by pioneering studies with Escherichia coli and it was revealed to be derived from chorismate by Men enzymes. However, we identified an alternative pathway, the futalosine pathway, operating in some microorganisms including Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni, which cause gastric carcinoma and diarrhea, respectively. Because some useful intestinal bacteria, such as lactobacilli, use the canonical pathway, the futalosine pathway is an attractive target for development of chemotherapeutics for the abovementioned pathogens. In this mini-review, we summarize compounds that inhibit Mqn enzymes involved in the futalosine pathway discovered to date.
Placental Macrophages: A Window Into Fetal Microglial Function in Maternal Obesity
Authors: Edlow Andrea G. , Glass Ruthy M , Smith Caroline J , Tran Phuong Kim , James Kaitlyn , Bilbo Staci 
Published: November 2018

Fetal placental macrophages and microglia (resident brain macrophages) have a common origin in the fetal yolk sac. Yolk‐sac‐derived macrophages comprise the permanent pool of brain microglia throughout an individual's lifetime. Inappropriate fetal microglial priming may therefore have lifelong neurodevelopmental consequences, but direct evaluation of microglial function in a living fetus or neonate is impossible. We sought to test the hypothesis that maternal obesity would prime both placental macrophages and fetal brain microglia to overrespond to an immune challenge, thus providing a window into microglial function using placental cells.Obesity was induced in C57BL/6 J mice using a 60% high‐fat diet. On embryonic day 17.5, fetal brain microglia and corresponding CD11b + placental cells were isolated from fresh tissue. Cells were treated with media or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) production by stimulated and unstimulated cells was quantified via ELISA. We demonstrate for the first time that the proinflammatory cytokine production of CD11b + placental cells is strongly correlated with that of brain microglia (Spearman's ρ = 0.73, p = 0.002) in the setting of maternal obesity. Maternal obesity‐exposed CD11b + cells had an exaggerated response to LPS compared to controls, with a 5.1‐fold increase in TNF‐α production in placentas (p = 0.003) and 3.8‐fold increase in TNF‐α production in brains (p = 0.002). In sex‐stratified analyses, only male obesity‐exposed brains and placentas had significant increase in TNF‐α production in response to LPS. Taken together, these data suggest that maternal obesity primes both placental macrophages and fetal brain microglia to overproduce a proinflammatory cytokine in response to immune challenge. Male brain and placental immune response is more marked than female in this setting. Given that fetal microglial priming may impact neuroimmune function throughout the lifespan, these data could provide insight into the male predominance of certain neurodevelopmental morbidities linked to maternal obesity, including cognitive dysfunction, autism spectrum disorder, and ADHD. Placental CD11b+ macrophages may have the potential to serve as an accessible biomarker of aberrant fetal brain immune activation in maternal obesity. This finding may have broader implications for assaying the impact of other maternal exposures on fetal brain development.