bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oviposition preferences in Grapholita molesta: the relative importance of visual and olfactory cues
Authors: Yang Xiaofan , Fan Fan , An Lina , Li Mengyao , Wei Guoshu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major pest of fruit trees worldwide. Females oviposit on the young leaves of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Rosaceae)] shoots at twilight, when light intensity changes markedly. Previous researches have shown that the oviposition response of this moth is guided particularly by visual and olfactory cues from host plants. However, the relative importance of visual and olfactory cues in their oviposition preference is largely unknown. As a crepuscular moth, how do choices change as light intensity drops rapidly from day to night? In the present study, through two‐choice behavioural experiments, the oviposition responses of G. molesta to visual and olfactory cues (alone or in combination) from peach shoots were tested at four light intensities ranging from daylight to starlight. Grapholita molesta showed similar oviposition responses to plant cues under 1 000, 100, 1 and 0.01 mW m−2 illumination. Olfactory cues from peach shoots attracted significantly more oviposition than the negative control, whereas visual cues alone did not. Furthermore, olfactory cues were more attractive than visual cues, and no significant interaction was observed between the responses to the two cues. Our findings indicate that G. molesta females mainly rely on olfactory cues to recognize oviposition sites, regardless of differences in light intensity. These results do not provide evidence for attraction to visual cues, but the possibility that the brightness of leaves might be used to guide oviposition is discussed.
Wittgensteinian content‐externalism
Authors: Sorgiovanni Ben 
Published: August 2019

AbstractContent‐externalism is the view that a subject's relations to a context can play a role in individuating the content of her mental states. According to social content‐externalists, relations to a socio‐linguistic context can play a fundamental individuating role. Åsa Wikforss has suggested that “social externalismdependson the assumption that individuals have an incomplete grasp of their own concepts”. In this paper, I show that this isn't so. I develop and defend an argument for social content‐externalism which does not depend on this assumption. The argument is animated by strands of thought in the later work of Wittgenstein. In addition to demonstrating that social externalists are not necessarily committed to thinking that a subject can have thoughts involving concepts which she incompletely understands, this argument is important insofar as it (a) supports a form of content‐externalism with extended scope, (b) avoids the controversy surrounding the claim that subjects can think with concepts which they incompletely understand, and (c) situates Wittgenstein's later work with respect to contemporary debates about content‐externalism.
Poling tuning: A plausible solution for minimizing microphony and secondary pyroelectric coefficient in ferroelectrics
Authors: Kiran Raj , Kumar Anuruddh , Kumar Rajeev , Vaish Rahul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study proposes the idea of reducing the microphony effect and secondary pyroelectric coefficient in pyroelectric detectors by tuning the poling orientation. Mathematically, it has been shown that piezoelectric strain coefficients get altered by changing the poling direction. Eventually, for a couple of materials it has been demonstrated that microphony and secondary pyroelectric coefficient can be diminished by poling them at a given orientation. The poling angle nullifying secondary pyroelectric coefficient was found to be 58.2°, 47.1°, and 78.9° for (PZN‐0.08PT), (PMN‐PT), and (BCT‐0.48BZT) respectively while no such value existed for (PZT‐5A).
Poor maternal anthropometric status before conception is associated with a deleterious infant growth during the first year of life: a longitudinal preconceptional cohort
Authors: Agbota Gino , Fievet Nadine , Heude Barbara , Accrombessi Manfred , Ahouayito Urbain , Yovo Emmanuel , Dossa Djamirou , Dramane Latifou , Gartner Agnès , Ezinmègnon Sem , Yugueros Marcos Javier , Vachot Laurence , Tissières Pierre , Massougbodji Achille , Martin‐Prével Yves , Cot Michel , Briand Valérie 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundAccording to the Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases concept, exposures in the preconception period may be critical. For the first time, we evaluated the effect of preconception poor anthropometric status on infant's growth in sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsA mother‐child cohort was followed prospectively from preconception to 1 year old in Benin. Maternal anthropometric status was assessed by prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), approximated by BMI at the first antenatal visit before 7 weeks' gestation, and gestational weight gain (GWG). BMI was categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity according to World Health Organization standards. GWG was categorized as low (<7 kg), mild (7‐12 kg), and high (>12 kg). In infant, stunting and wasting were defined as length‐for‐age and weight‐for‐length z scores less than −2 SD, respectively. We evaluated the association between BMI/GWG and infant's weight and length at birth and during the first year of life, as well as with stunting and wasting at 12 months using mixed linear and logistic regression models.ResultsIn multivariate, preconceptional underweight was associated with a lower infant's weight at birth and during the first year (−164 g; 95% CI, −307 to −22; and −342 g; 95% CI, −624 to −61, respectively) and with a higher risk of stunting at 12 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.98; 95% CI, 1.01‐15.85). Furthermore, preconceptional obesity and a high GWG were associated with a higher weight and length at birth and during the first year.ConclusionUnderweight and obesity before conception as well as GWG were associated with infant's growth. These results argue for preventive interventions starting as early as the preconception period to support child long‐term health.
Solvent‐deficient method lowers grain‐boundary resistivity of doped ceria
Authors: Maruyama Hiraku , Zeljković Saša , Nino Juan C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanoparticles of gadolinium‐doped cerium oxide (GDC) were synthesized using solvent‐deficient method and their sinterability and electrical properties were investigated using the powder and cold sintering process. The GDC powder was uniaxially pressed into cylindrically‐shaped pellets with a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide at 200°C to encourage particle arrangement during forming process. These bulk samples were annealed using two different temperature profiles: at 800°C for 5 hours and at 1300°C for 1 minute—800°C for 5 hours. The samples produced using HNO3/H2O2 mixture showed higher relative density than ones without it. Ionic conductivity of the sample sintered through the two‐step profile was obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Although the grain conductivity for the samples (8.0 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 500°C, and 3.3 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 700°C) is on par with a conventionally sintered sample, the measured total conductivity (3.9 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 500°C, and 2.5 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 700°C) is about 10 times higher than the conventionally sintered one and is comparable to the values seen in the previous studies for GDC which employed higher sintering temperature, pointing to the effectively lower grain‐boundary impedance. This result could be attributed to no significant phase segregation along grain boundaries due to the low‐temperature processing.
Global biogeographical regions of freshwater fish species
Authors: Leroy Boris , Dias Murilo S. , Giraud Emilien , Hugueny Bernard , Jézéquel Céline , Leprieur Fabien , Oberdorff Thierry , Tedesco Pablo A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo define the major biogeographical regions and transition zones for freshwater fish species.TaxonStrictly freshwater species of actinopterygian fish (i.e. excluding marine and amphidromous fish families).MethodsWe based our bioregionalization on a global database of freshwater fish species occurrences in drainage basins, which, after filtering, includes 11,295 species in 2,581 basins. On the basis of this dataset, we generated a bipartite (basin‐species) network upon which we applied a hierarchical clustering algorithm (the Map Equation) to detect regions. We tested the robustness of regions with a sensitivity analysis. We identified transition zones between major regions with the participation coefficient, indicating the degree to which a basin has species from multiple regions.ResultsOur bioregionalization scheme showed two major supercontinental regions (Old World and New World, 50% species of the world and 99.96% endemics each). Nested within these two supercontinental regions lie six major regions (Nearctic, Neotropical, Palearctic, Ethiopian, Sino‐Oriental and Australian) with extremely high degrees of endemism (above 96% except for the Palearctic). Transition zones between regions were of limited extent compared to other groups of organisms. We identified numerous subregions with high diversity and endemism in tropical areas (e.g. Neotropical), and a few large subregions with low diversity and endemism at high latitudes (e.g. Palearctic).Main conclusionsOur results suggest that regions of freshwater fish species were shaped by events of vicariance and geodispersal which were similar to other groups, but with freshwater‐specific processes of isolation that led to extremely high degrees of endemism (far exceeding endemism rates of other continental vertebrates), specific boundary locations and limited extents of transition zones. The identified bioregions and transition zones of freshwater fish species reflect the strong isolation of freshwater fish faunas for the past 10–20 million years. The extremely high endemism and diversity of freshwater fish fauna raises many questions about the biogeographical consequences of current introductions and extinctions.
Assessing Rensch’s rule in a newt: Roles of primary productivity and conspecific density in interpopulation variation of sexual size dimorphism
Authors: Peñalver‐Alcázar Miguel , Galán Pedro , Aragón Pedro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimMajor efforts have been devoted to understanding the geographic pattern of sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Rensch's rule posits that SSD increases with body size in male‐biased SSD species and decreases with body size in female‐biased SSD species. This pattern, and its inverse, have been mainly explored at the interspecific level, whereas research at the intraspecific level has been largely neglected. Here, we test whether the allometric pattern of SSD in an urodele amphibian conforms to Rensch's rule and evaluate the relative role of four potential mechanisms: sexual selection, fecundity selection, density‐dependent resource availability and differential plasticity.LocationIberian Peninsula.TaxonLissotriton boscai (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae).MethodsWe used original (field‐based) and published data on body size, courtship behaviour and fecundity parameters and a suite of climatic, ecological and genetic (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) predictors to assess these hypotheses.ResultsThe results showed that SSD increased with increasing female mean body size, supporting the inverse Rensch's rule pattern. Primary productivity‐related variables and female density were among the most relevant ecological predictors of SSD after accounting for genetic structure and capture date.Main conclusionsThis study reveals that the interplay between the density‐dependent resource availability hypothesis and the differential plasticity hypothesis explains the inverse Rensch's rule. We discuss how combining biogeographical and experimental approaches can provide alternative interpretations to the classical sexual and fecundity selection hypotheses on the interpopulation variation in SSD.
A comparison of macroecological and stacked species distribution models to predict future global terrestrial vertebrate richness
Authors: Biber Matthias F. , Voskamp Alke , Niamir Aidin , Hickler Thomas , Hof Christian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimPredicting future changes in species richness in response to climate change is one of the key challenges in biogeography and conservation ecology. Stacked species distribution models (S‐SDMs) are a commonly used tool to predict current and future species richness. Macroecological models (MEMs), regression models with species richness as response variable, are a less computationally intensive alternative to S‐SDMs. Here, we aim to compare the results of two model types (S‐SDMS and MEMs), for the first time for more than 14,000 species across multiple taxa globally, and to trace the uncertainty in future predictions back to the input data and modelling approach used.LocationGlobal land, excluding Antarctica.TaxonAmphibians, birds and mammals.MethodsWe fitted S‐SDMs and MEMs using a consistent set of bioclimatic variables and model algorithms and conducted species richness predictions under current and future conditions. For the latter, we used four general circulation models (GCMs) under two representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP6.0). Predicted species richness was compared between S‐SDMs and MEMs and for current conditions also to extent‐of‐occurrence (EOO) species richness patterns. For future predictions, we quantified the variance in predicted species richness patterns explained by the choice of model type, model algorithm and GCM using hierarchical cluster analysis and variance partitioning.ResultsUnder current conditions, species richness predictions from MEMs and S‐SDMs were strongly correlated with EOO‐based species richness. However, both model types over‐predicted areas with low and under‐predicted areas with high species richness. Outputs from MEMs and S‐SDMs were also highly correlated among each other under current and future conditions. The variance between future predictions was mostly explained by model type.Main conclusionsBoth model types were able to reproduce EOO‐based patterns in global terrestrial vertebrate richness, but produce less collinear predictions of future species richness. Model type by far contributes to most of the variation in the different future species richness predictions, indicating that the two model types should not be used interchangeably. Nevertheless, both model types have their justification, as MEMs can also include species with a restricted range, whereas S‐SDMs are useful for looking at potential species‐specific responses.
Validation of an integrated dermoscopic scoring method in an European teledermoscopy web platform: the iDScore project for early detection of melanoma
Authors: Tognetti L. , Cevenini G. , Moscarella E. , Cinotti E. , Farnetani F. , Lallas A. , Tiodorovic D. , Carrera C. , Puig S. , Perrot J.L. , Longo C. , Argenziano G. , Pellacani G. , Smargiassi E. , Cataldo G. , Cartocci A. , Balistreri A. , Rubegni P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough live and teledermoscopic examination has been successfully used to achieve non‐invasive diagnosis of melanocytic skin lesions (MSLs), early melanoma (EM) and atypical nevi (AN) continue to be a challenge, and none of the various algorithms proposed have been sufficiently accurate. We designed a scoring classifier diagnostic method, the iDScore that combines clinical data of the patient with dermoscopic features of the MSL.ObjectiveTo test the accuracy of the iDScore in differentiating EM from AN in a teledermoscopy setting and to compare it with intuitive diagnosis, the ABCD rule and the seven‐point checklist.Materials and methodsA dedicated teledermoscopy web platform was designed. This involved the following: (i) collecting a large integrated clinical–historical–dermoscopic data set of difficult MSLs from eight European dermatology centres; (ii) online testing, education and training in using the iDScore. A total of 904 images were combined with age, sex, lesion diameter and body site data and evaluated on the platform by 111 participants with four levels of skill in dermoscopy. Each testing session consisted of 30 blind cases to examine consecutively by the above four methods. ‘Management decisions’ and personal participant data were also recorded.ResultsiDScore‐aided diagnosis achieved satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for all lesions, irrespective of centre of affiliation, showing an average AUC of 0.776 in all participant testing sessions. All skill groups improved their accuracy by 10–16% with respect to intuitive diagnosis and the other methods, showing high concordance and avoiding wrong management decisions.ConclusionWe demonstrated the validity of the iDScore method for managing suspicious MSLs in a large multicentric data set and a teledermoscopic setting. The platform designed for the iDScore project provides ready support for physicians of any dermoscopy skill level and is useful for education and training.
Classroom Assessment and Large‐Scale Psychometrics: Shall the Twain Meet? (A Conversation With Margaret Heritage and Neal Kingston)
Authors: Heritage Margaret , Kingston Neal M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClassroom assessment and large‐scale assessment have, for the most part, existed in mutual isolation. Some experts have felt this is for the best and others have been concerned that the schism limits the potential contribution of both forms of assessment. Margaret Heritage has long been a champion of best practices in classroom assessment. Neal Kingston has been involved with the application of psychometrics to large‐scale assessments for four decades. Together they discuss what commonalities and differences exist between these two assessment contexts, whether the twain should meet, what impediments or concerns exist, and whether they expect the status quo will change at all in the near future. Based on their joint keynote address at the NCME Special Conference on Classroom Assessment and Large‐Scale Psychometrics, they have expanded and constructed this discussion piece.
Association between early advanced life support and good neurological outcome in out of hospital cardiac arrest: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Michelland Laurianne , Adnet Fréderic , Escutnaire Joséphine , Baker Chloe , Hubert Hervé , Chevret Sylvie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundOut‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is an important public health problem. The French organization, combining OHCA basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS), has been recently questioned. The study was conducted to evaluate the association between early ALS (E‐ALS) arrival and good neurological outcome at 1 month in nontraumatic OHCA patients.Materials and methodsRetrospective cohort study using data from RéAC, multicentre OHCA database since June 2011. Adult patients with nontraumatic cardiac arrest were identified, and firefighters' (BLS) arrival time was recorded. The main analysis was performed after multiple imputation, using propensity score matching with a variable ratio. Sensitivity analyses were also performed. The exposure was early ALS (E‐ALS), start of ALS before. or simultaneously with BLS. The primary outcome was the cerebral performance category (CPC) at day 30 after the cardiac arrest (1‐2 vs 3‐5), while cumulative incidence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) defined secondary outcomes.ResultsBetween January 2013 and January 2016, a total of 30 672 adult nontraumatic OHCA with resuscitation were identified, from whom 20 804 were included, 2711 in the E‐ALS group and 18 093 in the control group. Based on the matched sample, patients in the E‐ALS group had a significantly lower rate of good neurological outcome than those in the control group (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93‐0.96). Sensitivity analyses were mostly consistent with this result. Cumulative incidence of ROSC was higher in delayed ALS (D‐ALS) group.ConclusionsThis study showed that patients in the E‐ALS group were less likely to have a good neurological outcome. One explanation of this unexpected result could be the total duration of resuscitation performed, which may be interrupted prematurely in cases of E‐ALS.
Nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Shin Sujin , Park Jin‐Hwa , Bae Sung‐Heui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo systematically review and synthesise primary studies on the relationship between nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions.BackgroundResearch examining the association between nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions is varied owing to the use of different definitions and methods.DesignThis study was conducted based on a systematic review of related nursing literature.MethodsThe CINAHL, Cochrane Library, DBpia, EBSCO, PubMed, PsycINFO and RISS databases were searched for either English or Korean language studies published between January 2000 and August 2018 that examined the association between nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses check list.ResultsTotally, 19 published studies were included in the systematic review. Various measures were used to examine association between nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions. The majority of the reviewed studies revealed negative relationships between nurse staffing levels and hospital‐acquired conditions. However, a substantial number of relationships were not significant.ConclusionsThere is a need for future studies to examine the differences in the relationship between nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions and to use precise data collection on registered nurses’ hours per patient day and total hours per patient day, as it is difficult to collect data on these measures. The findings of this study suggest that sufficient nurse staffing is a strong indicator of the provision of quality patient care. However, continuous efforts are recommended to find more conclusive relationships between nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions and to formulate guidelines regarding nurse staffing strategies.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse staffing is an important managerial strategy. Especially, given health policy changes, hospitals need to develop staffing strategies to prevent hospital‐acquired conditions.