bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the impact of 2017 business rates revaluation on independent high street retailers in the north of England
Authors: Greenhalgh Paul Michael , Johnson Lynn , Huntley Victoria 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Many national retailers have complained about increases in business rates tax bills since the 2017 revaluation. What impact has the 2017 business rates revaluation had on independent high street retailers in market towns in the north of England? The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses Valuation Office Agency rating list data to determine rateable value and business rates payable for independent high street retailers in eight northern market towns either side of the 2017 rating revaluation. The data were analysed using business rates matrices to reveal the impact of the new rating list on independent retailers in the eight locations.

Findings
Analysis reveals that the majority of independent retailers in the northern market towns sampled have experienced reductions in both the rateable value of their premises and business rates payable. Increase in the rates relief threshold has extended relief to almost half of the independent retailers in the study, most of whom receive 100 per cent relief.

Practical implications
Charity shops receive at least 80 per cent rates relief which means they are able to afford to pay higher rents. This “sets the tone” for landlords setting market rents in that location which are then used as comparable evidence by the VOA when determining rateable values at revaluation further polarising the gap between rate payers and those to are exempt.

Originality/value
Focussing on independent retailers on high streets in markets towns in north of England, this study provides an alternative perspective to the orthodox view of business rates revaluations having a negative impact on retailers.
Property investment: gearing and the equity rate of return
Authors: French Nick 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to comment upon the relatively straightforward but often misunderstood role of gearing (or leverage) on the potential equity return of a property investment.

Design/methodology/approach
This education briefing is an explanation of the upside and downside risk of borrowing (at different levels) to successful investment.

Findings
The use of gearing can greatly enhance equity returns but at an increased risk.

Practical implications
The process of borrowing at a bank rate below the return rate on an investment project can increase the equity return of the project as long as all incomes and discount rate remain at appropriate levels.

Originality/value
This is a review of existing models.
Hospital mergers, acquisitions and regulatory policy implications
Authors: Walia Bhavneet , Boudreaux Christopher John 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on hospital mergers and acquisitions (M&As).

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conduct a systematic review of the literature on hospital M&As to summarize their effects upon cost of health care delivery (access), efficiency, market power, cost and price. Implications for health care industry policy are provided.

Findings
A significant majority of results conclude lower costs, increased efficiency, but higher prices (due to a market concentration effect) following hospital merger or acquisition. These results are consistent with industrial organization theory and suggest that regulatory policy (e.g. price cap regulation) will raise allocative efficiency, consumer surplus and overall market surplus within markets for hospital services.

Originality/value
This is the first study to review the price, cost and efficiency effects of M&As with respect to industrial organization theory in the context of hospitals. This study also provides regulatory policy implications.
Fecal microbiota transplantation prevents Candida albicans from colonizing the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Matsuo Kenzo , Haku Akira , Bi Beibei , Takahashi Hiroki , Kamada Nobuhiko , Yaguchi Takashi , Saijo Shinobu , Yoneyama Mitsutoshi , Goto Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGut microbes symbiotically colonize the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, interacting with each other and their host to maintain GI tract homeostasis. Recent reports have shown that gut microbes help protect the gut from colonization by pathogenic microbes. Here, we report that commensal microbes prevent colonization of the GI tract by the pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. Wild‐type specific pathogen‐free (SPF) mice are resistant to C. albicans colonization of the GI tract. However, administering certain antibiotics to SPF mice enables C. albicans colonization. Quantitative kinetics of commensal bacteria are inversely correlated with the number of C. albicans in the gut. Here, we provide further evidence that transplantation of fecal microbiota is effective in preventing Candida colonization of the GI tract. These data demonstrate the importance of commensal bacteria as a barrier for the GI tract surface and highlight the potential clinical applications of commensal bacteria in preventing pathogenic fungal infections.
Effect of pretreatment with intracerebroventricular injection of minocycline on morphine‐induced memory impairment in passive avoidance test: Role of P‐CREB and c‐Fos expression in the dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala regions
Authors: Hamidkhaniha Shokouh , Bashiri Hamideh , Omidi Ameneh , Hosseini‐Chegeni Ali , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad , Sabouri Salehe , Montazeri Hamed , Sahebgharani Mousa 
Published: March 2019

SummaryMinocycline as a member of the tetracycline family is a lipophilic broad‐spectrum antibiotic, which can display some non‐antibiotic properties such as antioxidant, antiapoptosis, neuroprotection and modulation of pharmacological traits of drugs of abuse (ie, reward, sensitization and/or analgesia). Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of minocycline on morphine‐induced memory impairment and motor function in male Wistar rats. The behavioural responses were measured by a passive avoidance test for evaluating memory, and in the open field for studying motor function. Furthermore, the expression of Phospho‐cAMP response element‐binding protein (P‐CREB) and c‐Fos were assessed using immunohistochemistry in the dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). Our results showed that morphine dose‐dependently impairs memory consolidation, but not motor function. Maximum effect was achieved with morphine at dose of 5 mg/kg. Pretreatment with ICV injection of minocycline (50 μg/rat) prevented morphine‐induced memory impairment, but there was no effect on motor function. The results of immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that morphine decreased expression of P‐CREB positive cells compared to saline control group in the BLA, but not in the dorsal hippocampus. On the other hand, pretreatment of animals with ICV injection of minocycline increased the expression of P‐CREB in both brain areas. Moreover, there was no significant change in the expression of c‐Fos positive cells in above‐mentioned regions. In summary, our results indicated that pretreatment with ICV injection of minocycline prevented morphine‐induced memory impairment and increased P‐CREB expression in the dorsal hippocampus and BLA, which may explain its memory improvement property.
The academic and social profiles of pupils with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and mild general learning disability in mainstream education in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Scanlon Geraldine , McEnteggart Ciara , Barnes‐Holmes Yvonne 
Published: March 2019

Several gaps exist in the standardised assessment of pupils with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) in the Irish mainstream education context at the point of transition from primary to post‐primary school. These gaps may lead to a lack of adequate focus on the continuity of resources at this timepoint. The current study examined academic and social attainment in three cohorts of pupils in Ireland (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, N = 12; Mild General Learning Difficulties, MGLD, N = 12; and typically developing individuals, N = 11). Four standardised measures were used in a non‐experimental design to assess cognitive attainment (Wide Range Achievements Test 4, WRAT‐4), learning competency and self‐concept (Myself as a Learner Scale, MALS; the Burnett Self Scale, BSS), and perceived control (Multidimensional Measure of Children's Perception of Control scale, MMCPC) across the three groups prior to transition to post‐primary school. Results indicated that the typically developing pupils performed strongest on attainment followed by those with ADHD and MGLD. While the latter two groups were weaker on attainment, neither group perceived of themselves as weaker. The results are discussed within the context of formal assessment for pupils with SEND in mainstream education and how these diverse outcomes may have implications for policy.
Gout and the risk of Alzheimer′s disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lee Young Ho 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine whether gout is causally associated with Alzheimer's disease.MethodsI used the publicly available summary statistics datasets of three genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) on gout as the exposure dataset and meta‐analysis results of four GWAS datasets consisting of 17 008 cases with Alzheimer's disease and 37 154 controls of European descent as the outcome dataset. The data were subjected to 2‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse‐variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR‐Egger regression methods.ResultsI selected seven independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from gout GWASs as instrumental variables (IVs) to improve inference. These SNPs were located at MAP3K11 (rs10791821), SLC2A9 (rs11722228, rs734553), GCKR (rs1260326), ABCG2 (rs2231142, rs2728125), and CNIH‐2 (rs4073582). The IVW data did not support a causal association between gout and Alzheimer's disease (β = 0.013, standard error [SE] = 0.017, P = 0.445). The MR‐Egger regression indicated that directional pleiotropy did not bias the result (intercept = 0.002, P = 0.654); it also revealed no causal association between gout and Alzheimer's disease (β = −0.013, SE = 0.076, P = 0.870). The weighted median approach yielded similar results (β = 0.004, SE = 0.022, P = 0.846). Cochran's Q test indicated no evidence of heterogeneity between IV estimates based on individual variants, and the results of “leave‐one‐out” analysis demonstrated that no single SNP drove the IVW estimate.ConclusionsThe MR analysis results did not support a causal association between gout and Alzheimer's disease.
Medication adherence and cost‐related medication non‐adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Heidari Parvaneh , Cross Wendy , Weller Carolina , Nazarinia Mohammadali , Crawford Kimberley 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimFirst, to assess the clinical characteristics and medication adherence to oral rheumatoid arthritis (RA) medications in patients with RA. Second, to examine adherence determinants with a focus on the effect of medication out‐of‐pocket (OOP) costs on medication adherence to oral RA medications. Lastly, to examine cost‐related medication non‐adherence (CRN) in patients with RA.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of patients with RA was conducted at rheumatology outpatient clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The data collection survey consisted of 5 sections including demographic questions, disease‐related questions, Compliance Questionnaire Rheumatology (CQR), CRN questions and an open‐ended question. SPSS version 24 was used for analysis.ResultsA total of 308 completed surveys were collected. Adherence to oral RA medications was 40.3%. Just under 20% of participants were biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) users and these bDMARDs users were 0.82 times less likely to be adherent to their oral RA medications compared to non‐bDMARDs users (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant association between OOP costs and adherence to oral RA medications (P > 0.05). However, 28.7% of participants reported not refilling, delaying to refill, skipping doses or taking smaller doses due to cost. In findings of the open‐ended question, medication costs and affordability were the most commonly mentioned barriers to medication adherence.ConclusionNon‐adherence to oral RA medications was prevalent among Iranian patients with RA and OOP costs were a barrier to medication adherence.
Investor Overreaction to Earnings Surprises and Post‐Earnings‐Announcement Reversals
Authors: Bathke Allen W. , Mason Terry W. , Morton Richard M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTPrior literature suggests that the market underreacts to the positive correlation in a typical firm's seasonal earnings changes, which leads to a post‐earnings‐announcement drift (PEAD) in prices. We examine the market reaction for a distinct set of firms whose seasonal earnings changes are uncorrelated and show that the market incorrectly assumes that the earnings changes of these firms are positively correlated. We also document that positive (negative) seasonal earnings changes in the current quarter are associated with negative (positive) abnormal returns in the next quarter. Thus, we observe a reversal of abnormal returns, consistent with a systematic overreaction to earnings, rather than the previously documented PEAD. Additional analysis indicates that financial analysts similarly overestimate the autocorrelation of these firms, although to a lesser extent. We also find that the magnitude of overestimation and the subsequent price reversal are inversely related to the richness of the information environment. Our results challenge the notion that investors recognize but consistently underestimate earnings correlation and provide a new perspective on the inability of prices to fully reflect the implications of current earnings for future earnings. That is, we show that investors predictably overestimate correlation when it is lacking, but underestimate it when it is present.
Glucocorticosteroids for sepsis in children. A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Korang Steven Kwasi , Gluud Christian , Jakobsen Janus C. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundSepsis is the primary diagnosis in more than 8% of all critically ill children and sepsis is among the ten leading causes of death in children <10 years. Glucocorticosteroids are currently recommended in septic children with fluid or catecholamine resistant refractory shock. Glucocorticosteroids are widely used for severe sepsis in paediatric intensive care units worldwide. However, the evidence on the clinical effects of glucocorticosteroids for sepsis in children is unclear.MethodsWe will perform a systematic review with meta‐analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of randomised clinical trials. We will include randomised clinical trials assessing the effects of glucocorticosteroids vs placebo or no intervention as an add‐on therapy to standard care for sepsis in children. For the assessment of harms, we will also include quasi‐randomised studies and observational studies identified during our searches for randomised clinical trials.DiscussionThis review will seek to assess whether glucocorticosteroids indeed have their therapeutic place in the standard treatment for sepsis in children.
Myofunctional therapy and prefabricated functional appliances: an overview of the history and evidence
Authors: Wishney M , Darendeliler MA , Dalci O 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMalocclusion represents the clinically observable endpoint of numerous genetic and environmental influences. Oral Myofunctional Therapy (OMT) aims to treat malocclusions by improving the oral environment through re‐education of musculature and respiratory patterns. Although the concept of OMT has existed since the early part of the 20th Century, many of its purported benefits for the treatment of malocclusion remain undemonstrated in the scientific literature. However, a more recent application of OMT for the treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) suggests some benefits, although more research is needed to clarify this effect. Prefabricated functional appliances (PFAs) are sometimes advocated as part of myofunctional training programs. In the past decade, controlled clinical investigations have demonstrated that PFAs can improve Class II Division 1 malocclusions in compliant patients. Compared with traditional functional appliances, PFAs might be more cost effective; however, this must be balanced against compliance problems and evidence suggesting that other types of functional appliances might give better treatment results in a comparable time frame.
Systematic review of rectal stump management during and after emergency total colectomy for acute severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Bedrikovetski Sergei , Dudi‐Venkata Nagendra , Kroon Hidde M. , Liu Jianliang , Andrews Jane M. , Lewis Mark , Lawrence Matthew , Sammour Tarik 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThere is no consensus about the optimal management of the rectal stump after an emergency subtotal colectomy in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). The aim was to perform a systematic review of the published literature on the surgical and medical management of the rectal stump after an emergency (sub) total colectomy in patients with ASUC.MethodsThe following databases were searched, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and OVID SP, from January 1993 to March 2018. Studies that reported post‐operative outcomes after surgical and/or medical management of the rectal stump after emergency (sub) total colectomy in adults with ASUC were included. Two independent assessors reviewed eligible articles.ResultsA total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. All were case series and included 476 patients. Regarding surgical management, five studies reported on closed subcutaneous placement of the rectal stump, seven on intraperitoneal placement and two on the formation of a formal mucous fistula. The lowest reported pelvic sepsis rate was in patients with subcutaneous closure of the rectal stump (n = 144, 2%) and lowest wound infection rate was reported after intraperitoneal closure (n = 268, 7.8%). The highest rate of mortality was reported after intraperitoneal placement of the rectal stump (n = 268, 1.5%). There were insufficient data reported on medical management for any comparison.ConclusionSubcutaneous placement of the rectal stump was associated with the lowest morbidity and mortality rate, although data are of limited quality and insufficient to guide practice recommendations.
Corruption at the Border: Intersections between US Labour Demands, Border Control, and Human Smuggling Economies
Authors: Izcara Palacios Simón Pedro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBased on a qualitative methodology that includes in‐depth interviews conducted between 2008 and 2017 with 180 migrant smugglers from Mexico, the objective of this paper is to analyse the way US employers' interest in having access to cheap labour feeds migrant smuggling, and is connected to corruption in US border enforcement. We conclude that corruption on the US side of the border could be systematic and not a matter of a few bad apples. Corruption is manifested in selective enforcement, which is a pragmatic practice that justifies enhanced immigration enforcement, and benefits US immigration agents, US employers and Mexican smugglers, while undocumented border crossers suffer the monstrous effects of militarised border enforcement.
Performing Resistance: Liminality, Infrapolitics, and Spatial Contestation in Contemporary Russia
Authors: Fröhlich Christian , Jacobsson Kerstin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article explores protest tactics in Russian cities, stressing the liminality of spatial contestation practices. In this authoritarian context, spatial contestation typically has a liminal character, where citizens employ strategic ambiguity of their actions vis‐á‐vis (a) legal regulations, (b) official discourse, and (c) transcripts of legitimate behaviour. Showing how urbanites develop creative and subversive infrapolitical forms of resistance, the article contributes an analysis of the ways in which public space in the city can be appropriated from below, temporary protest communities formed and active citizenship claimed under non‐democratic regime conditions.
Editorial: metabolomic biomarkers for colorectal adenocarcinoma and in the differentiation between irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis in clinical remission—confounded by the gut microbiome?
Authors: Leong Rupert W. L. , Kaakoush Nadeem O. , Yau Yunki Y. , Wasinger Valerie C. 
Published: March 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Keshteli et al, Bond et al, and Bond and Probert papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15141, https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15140, https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15196 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15200.
Letter: distinct hepatitis B virus relapse rates after discontinuing tenofovir and entecavir therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients—author's reply
Authors: Chen Chien‐Hung 
Published: March 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Kuo et al and Huang et al papers. To view
these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15053 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15150.
Review article: treatment options for functional dyspepsia
Authors: Masuy Imke , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Tack Jan 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundFunctional dyspepsia, consisting of epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome, is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder. To date, only limited treatment options are available and conflicting results in terms of efficacy have been reported. Consequently, nonpharmacological treatment options are increasingly being explored for functional dyspepsia.AimTo provide an overview of current pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment options for functional dyspepsia.MethodsA literature search was conducted on Pubmed and other sources to identify relevant studies.ResultsAcid suppressive therapy reduced symptoms in 30%‐70% of the patients, with higher benefit in epigastric pain syndrome and superior effectiveness for proton pump inhibitors compared to H2‐antagonists. Prokinetic agents, primarily used to treat postprandial distress syndrome, showed variable efficiency: 59%‐81% responder rate for dopamine receptor antagonists, 32%‐91% for serotonin‐4‐receptor agonists and 31%‐80% for muscarinic receptor antagonists. H Pylori eradication, recommended in infected patients, was effective in 24%‐82%. Refractory symptoms are addressed with neuromodulators. However, their efficacy in functional dyspepsia remains incompletely elucidated, available data showing symptom reduction in 27%‐71% of the patients. Regarding herbal agents, peppermint oil reduced symptoms in 66%‐91%, rikkunshito in 29%‐34% and iberogast in 20%‐95%. Lastly, acupuncture, cognitive behavioural therapy and hypnotherapy may help to provide symptom control, but research on their efficacy remains sparse.ConclusionsNone of the available therapies is effective in the majority of patients without being associated with major side effects. Developing new treatment options is challenging due to the heterogeneity of functional dyspepsia, the lack of readily identified target mechanisms and the poor association between pathophysiological disturbances and symptoms.
Editorial: importance of an elevated mean platelet volume for prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease – authors’ reply
Authors: Mullish Benjamin H. , Forlano Roberta , Abeles Robin Daniel , Thursz Mark R. , Manousou Pinelopi 
Published: March 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Abeles et al and Targher and Lippi papers. To
view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15192, and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15208.