bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PD‐1 Blockade for Improving the Antitumor Efficiency of Polymer–Doxorubicin Nanoprodrug
Authors: Gao Fan , Zhang Chi , Qiu Wen‐Xiu , Dong Xue , Zheng Di‐Wei , Wu Wei , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChemotherapy is well recognized to induce immune responses during some chemotherapeutic drugs‐mediated tumor eradication. Here, a strategy involving blocking programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) to enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of a doxorubicin nanoprodrug HA‐Psi‐DOX is proposed and the synergetic mechanism between them is further studied. The nanoprodrugs are fabricated by conjugating doxorubicin (DOX) to an anionic polymer hyaluronic acid (HA) via a tumor overexpressed matrix metalloproteinase sensitive peptide (CPLGLAGG) for tumor targeting and enzyme‐activated drug release. Once accumulated at the tumor site, the nanoprodrug can be activated to release antitumor drug by tumor overexpressed MMP‐2. It is found that HA‐Psi‐DOX nanoparticles can kill tumor cells effectively and initiate an antitumor immune response, leading to the upregulation of interferon‐γ. This cytokine promotes the expression of programmed cell death protein‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on tumor cells, which will cause immunosuppression after interacting with PD‐1 on the surface of lymphocytes. The results suggest that the therapeutic efficiency of HA‐Psi‐DOX nanoparticles is significantly improved when combined with checkpoint inhibitors anti‐PD‐1 antibody (α‐PD1) due to the neutralization of immunosuppression by blocking the interaction between PD‐L1 and PD‐1. This therapeutic system by combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy further increases the link between conventional tumor therapies and immunotherapy.
7‐Methoxy‐luteolin‐8‐C‐β‐6‐deoxy‐xylo‐pyranos‐3‐uloside exactly (mLU8C‐PU) isolated from Arthraxon hispidus inhibits migratory and invasive responses mediated via downregulation of MMP‐9 and IL‐8 expression in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Kim Soo‐Jin , Pham Thu‐Huyen , Bak Yesol , Ryu Hyung‐Won , Oh Sei‐Ryang , Yoon Do‐Young 
Published: August 2018

Abstract7‐Methoxy‐luteolin‐8‐C‐β‐6‐deoxy‐xylo‐pyranos‐3‐uloside (mLU8C‐PU) is a glycosylflavone of luteolin isolated from Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.). Luteolin is known to exert anti‐migratory and anti‐invasive effects on tumor cells. However, there are no reports on the effects of mLU8C‐PU on tumor invasiveness and associated signaling pathways. In this study, we demonstrated the anti‐migratory and anti‐invasive effects of mLU8C‐PU in 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐treated MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. We also investigated the effect of mLU8C‐PU on invasion‐ related signal transducers, including protein kinase Cα (PKCα), c‐Jun N terminal kinase (JNK), activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐ĸB). TPA‐induced membrane translocation of PKCα, phosphorylation of JNK, and the nuclear translocations of AP‐1 and NF‐κB were downregulated by mLU8C‐PU in MCF‐7 cells. In addition, mLU8C‐PU also inhibited matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) expression. These results indicate that mLU8C‐PU inhibits migratory and invasive responses in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells by suppressing MMP‐9 and IL‐8 expression through mitigating TPA‐induced PKCα, JNK activation, and the nuclear translocation of AP‐1 and NF‐κB. These results suggest that mLU8C‐PU may be used as an anti‐metastatic agent.
Evidence of links between regional climate change and precipitation extremes over India
Authors: Mishra Anoop Kumar , Nagaraju V. , Rafiq Mohammd , Chandra Sagarika 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA significant change in the precipitation pattern over India has been reported in previous studies. This change includes an increase in heavy precipitation and a decrease in light and/or moderate precipitation. This study examines the possible link between these changes and regional climate conditions, using regional surface temperature and Vertically Integrated Moisture Transport (VIMT) records. It is reported that precipitation extremes during the southwest (SW) monsoon season show coherent variability with surface temperature over India. The precipitation spectrum shows significant changes from cold to warm years, with increases in heavy precipitation and decreases in light and/or moderate precipitation. The study reveals a decreasing trend in VIMT over the Bay of Bengal, which is consistent with decreases in the number of monsoon depressions over the region. It is observed that an increase in VIMT over the Arabian Sea shows coherent variation with precipitation extremes over India. The results reported in this article are crucial when considering the increase in drought and flood events in a changing climate.
On the principal eigenvalue of the Stokes operator in cylindrical domains
Authors: Karpiński Mikołaj , Nowakowski Bernard , Ströhmer Gerhard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe consider the Stokes operator in periodic, three dimensional cylinders supplemented with four types of the boundary conditions: the zero Dirichlet b.c., the Navier b.c., the slip b.c. and the generalized impermeability b.c. We analyze the relation between the principal eigenvalue of the Stokes operator and the diameter of the base of the cylinder. Since the direct computation of the eigenvalues for the Stokes system is very difficult, we examine the vector‐valued Laplacian and then draw some conclusions for the Stokes operator.
Kaizen as a Key Ingredient of Industrial Development Policy
Authors: Otsuka Keijiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn order to reduce or eradicate poverty, it is imperative to create ample employment opportunities by developing labor-intensive manufacturing industries. This chapter proposes new policies to promote industrial development in SSA, recognizing that there are many spontaneously developed and promising industrial clusters in SSA. We also recognize that Kaizen training alone is not sufficient for full-fledged industrial development. Thus, we recommend following the sequence of support measures beginning with Kaizen training of entrepreneurs followed by investment in industrial parks and financial support, or TIF in short, because Kaizen training enhances the returns to subsequent investments. TIF strategy should be designed to attract FDI and promote absorptive capacity of local entrepreneurs to learn from FDI by means of continuous training of local entrepreneurs.
A phase 1 trial of SGN-CD70A in patients with CD70-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Phillips Tycel , Barr Paul M. , Park Steven I. , Kolibaba Kathryn , Caimi Paolo F. , Chhabra Saurabh , Kingsley Edwin C. , Boyd Thomas , Chen Robert , Carret Anne-Sophie , Gartner Elaina M. , Li Hong , Yu Cindy , Smith David C. 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Purpose This first-in-human study evaluated SGN-CD70A, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) directed against the integral plasma membrane protein CD70 and linked to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer, in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) CD70-positive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) including diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and Grade 3b follicular lymphoma (FL3b). Methods SGN-CD70A was administered intravenously on Day 1 of 3-week cycles beginning at 8 mcg/kg with planned dose escalation to 200 mcg/kg. Due to observations of prolonged thrombocytopenia, the study was amended to dose every 6 weeks (q6wk). Results Twenty patients were enrolled and treated with SGN-CD70A. The maximum tolerated dose of SGN-CD70A was 30 mcg/kg q6wk. The most common adverse events (AEs) reported were thrombocytopenia (75%), nausea (55%), anemia (50%), and fatigue (50%). The onset for treatment-related thrombocytopenia typically occurred during Cycle 1. Most of the treatment-related events of thrombocytopenia were ≥ Grade 3. Antitumor activity in patients included 1 complete remission (CR) and 3 partial remissions (PRs), 2 of which were ongoing for at least 42.9 weeks. SGN-CD70A exposures were approximately dose proportional, with a mean terminal half-life of 3 to 5 days. Conclusions While modest single-agent activity was observed in heavily pretreated NHL patients, the applicability of SGN-CD70A is limited by the frequency and severity of thrombocytopenia, despite the long-term response with limited drug exposure.
Early life experiences and social cognition in major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Rokita Karolina I. , Dauvermann Maria R. , Donohoe Gary 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjective:To present a systematic review of the literature on the associations between early social environment, early life adversity, and social cognition in major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.Method:Relevant studies were identified via electronic and manual searches of the literature and included articles written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals up to May 2018. Quality assessment was performed using the quality evaluation scale employed in previous systematic reviews.Results:A total of 25 studies were included in the systematic review with the quality assessment scores ranging from 3 to 6 (out of 6). The vast majority of the studies reviewed showed a significant association between early childhood social experience, including both insecure attachment and adversity relating to neglect or abuse, and poorer social cognitive performance.Conclusion:We discuss these findings in the context of an attachment model, suggesting that childhood social adversity may result in poor internal working models, selective attention toward emotional stimuli and greater difficulties with emotional self-regulation. We outline some of the steps required to translate this understanding of social cognitive dysfunction in major psychiatric disorders into a target for interventions that mitigate the adverse effects of childhood maltreatment and poor parental attachment on social cognition.
Longevity and Complication Rates of Ultrasound Guided Versus Traditional Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Desai Krisha , Vinograd Alexandra M. , Abbadessa Mary Kate F. , Chen Aaron E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground: Ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines are frequently used in patients with difficult access. We have previously reported on the longevity and complication rates of ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines, but there are limited data comparing outcomes of ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines to traditionally placed peripheral intravenous lines in children. The aim of this study was to compare the longevity and complication rates of ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines to traditionally placed intravenous lines in a pediatric population.Methods: This study analyzed 300 ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines and 552 traditionally placed intravenous lines using patient records to determine the reason and timing for intravenous line removal. A t-test was used to compare overall mean survival times, and a log-rank test was used to compare Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Complication rates were compared using a chi-squared test.Results: The survival times of ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines (mean = 73 hours, SD = 68 hours) were significantly longer than those of traditionally placed intravenous lines (mean = 38 hours, SD = 29.4 hours), t(559) = 8.51, P &lt; .0001. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis yielded a median ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous line survival time of 143 hours (IQR = 68–246) and a median traditionally placed intravenous line survival time of 100 hours (IQR = 65–106) with a significant difference between the 2 survival curves by the log-rank test. There was also no significant difference in complication rates between ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines (34.8%) compared to traditionally placed intravenous lines (31.8%), x2(1, N = 517) = 0.465, P = .50.Conclusions: Our data suggests that ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines are a viable option for children, including those with a history of difficult access. Survival times were longer for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines versus traditionally placed intravenous lines, and complication rates of the ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines and traditionally placed intravenous lines were similar.
Standardization of the technique to perform the transanal therapeutic irrigation
Authors: Rodrigues Beatriz Deoti e Silva , Buzatti Kelly Cristine de Lacerda Rodrigues , Quintão Nícolas Pablo Diogo , Oliveira Gustavo Monteiro , Pinheiro Marcela Monteiro , Rodrigues Francielle Profeta , Silva Rodrigo Gomes da 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Purpose This article aims to present a standardization of the technique of transanal therapeutic irrigation, which is an old technique that has passed through history and is now used as a medical procedure to assist in the treatment of defecation disorders.
Methods This protocol was developed in patients with myelomeningocele submitted to the standard transanal therapeutic irrigation technique, in accordance with the protocol established at the Clinic of defecation disorders at a public university hospital in Brazil. The presented standard technique highlights the following topics: preparation of the patient before the treatment; interdisciplinary approach; training of the patient or the family member responsible for the patient and the step-by-step technique itself. The research ethics committee at the university approved this study.
Discussion Transanal therapeutic irrigation is indicated in neurogenic bowel dysfunctions and functional disorders of defecation. Training the patient or a family member responsible for irrigation is performed on three consecutive days, all of them supervised by the nurse. This technique aims to re-establish control over defecation and bowel function, and consists in an infusion of warm tap water through the anus, which allows the patient to evacuate daily the stool and keep the colon empty for longer periods. This avoids fecal incontinence and increases the quality of life of patients with defecation disorders.
Conclusion Transanal therapeutic irrigation is an effective, well-tolerated and safe procedure, which is better compared to the standard clinical care.
On the scaling of propagation of periodically generated vortex rings
Authors: Asadi H. , Asgharzadeh H. , Borazjani I. 
Published: August 2018

The propagation of periodically generated vortex rings (period$T$) is numerically investigated by imposing pulsed jets of velocity$U_{jet}$and duration$T_{s}$(no flow between pulses) at the inlet of a cylinder of diameter$D$exiting into a tank. Because of the step-like nature of pulsed jet waveforms, the average jet velocity during a cycle is$U_{ave}=U_{jet}T_{s}/T$. By using$U_{ave}$in the definition of the Reynolds number ($Re=U_{ave}D/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$: kinematic viscosity of fluid) and non-dimensional period ($T^{\ast }=TU_{ave}/D=T_{s}U_{jet}/D$, i.e. equivalent to formation time), then based on the results, the vortex ring velocity$U_{v}/U_{jet}$becomes approximately independent of the stroke ratio$T_{s}/T$. The results also show that$U_{v}/U_{jet}$increases by reducing$Re$or increasing$T^{\ast }$(more sensitive to$T^{\ast }$) according to a power law of the form$U_{v}/U_{jet}=0.27T^{\ast 1.31Re^{-0.2}}$. An empirical relation, therefore, for the location of vortex ring core centres ($S$) over time ($t$) is proposed ($S/D=0.27T^{\ast 1+1.31Re^{-0.2}}t/T_{s}$), which collapses (scales) not only our results but also the results of experiments for non-periodic rings. This might be due to the fact that the quasi-steady vortex ring velocity was found to have a maximum of 15 % difference with the initial (isolated) one. Visualizing the rings during the periodic state shows that at low$T^{\ast }\leqslant 2$and high$Re\geqslant 1400$here, the stopping vortices become unstable and form hairpin vortices around the leading ones. However, by increasing$T^{\ast }$or decreasing$Re$the stopping vortices remain circular. Furthermore, rings with short$T^{\ast }=1$show vortex pairing after approximately one period in the downstream, but higher$T^{\ast }\geqslant 2$generates a train of vortices in the quasi-steady state.
Confinement effects on regular–irregular transition in shock-wave–boundary-layer interactions
Authors: Grossman Ilan J. , Bruce Paul J. K. 
Published: August 2018

An oblique shock wave is generated in a Mach 2 flow at a flow deflection angle of$12^{\circ }$. The resulting shock-wave–boundary-layer interaction (SWBLI) at the tunnel wall is observed. A novel traversable shock generator allows the position of the SWBLI to be varied relative to a downstream expansion fan. The relationship between the SWBLI, the expansion fan and the wind tunnel arrangement is studied. Schlieren photography, surface oil flow visualisation, particle image velocimetry and high-spatial-resolution wall pressure measurements are used to investigate the flow. It is observed that stream-normal movement of the shock generator downwards (towards the floor and hence the point of shock reflection) is accompanied by (1) growth in the streamwise extent of the shock-induced boundary layer separation, (2) upstream movement of the shock-induced separation point while the reattachment point remains nearly fixed, (3) an increase in separation shock strength and (4) transition between regular and irregular (Mach) reflection without an increase in incident shock strength. The role of free interaction theory in defining the separation shock angle is considered and shown to be consistent with the present measurements over a short streamwise extent. An SWBLI representation is proposed and reasoned which explains the apparent increase in separation shock strength that occurs without an increase in incident shock strength.
The distinctive theropod assemblage of the Ellisdale site of New Jersey and its implications for North American dinosaur ecology and evolution during the Cretaceous
Authors: Brownstein Chase D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Cretaceous landmass of Appalachia has preserved an understudied but nevertheless important record of dinosaurs that has recently come under some attention. In the past few years, the vertebrate faunas of several Appalachian sites have been described. One such locality, the Ellisdale site of the Cretaceous Marshalltown Formation of New Jersey, has produced hundreds of remains assignable to dinosaurs, including those of hadrosauroids of several size classes, indeterminate ornithopods, indeterminate theropods, the teeth, cranial, and appendicular elements of dromaeosaurids, ornithomimosaurians, and tyrannosauroids, and an extensive microvertebrate assemblage. The theropod dinosaur record of the Ellisdale site is currently the most extensive and diverse known from the Campanian of Appalachia. Study of the Ellisdale theropod specimens suggests that at least four or more non-avian theropod taxa are represented at the site, including tyrannosauroids, ornithomimosaurs, several different morphotypes of dromaeosaurids that are the first of that clade described from New Jersey, and indeterminate theropods. The specimens are important for increasing current knowledge about the theropod diversity of the Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) during the Campanian by representing the most speciose assemblage of the group during the time in the ACP as well as for shedding light on Appalachian dinosaur ecology and biogeography generally.
Parental involvement: a discretionary presumption
Authors: Kaganas Felicity 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSection 1(2A) of the Children Act 1989 establishes a statutory presumption that ‘involvement’ of both parents in their children's lives after divorce or separation is in children's best interests. This paper sets out to examine what effect this had had. The aim of the legislation was to improve the transparency and clarity of judges’ reasoning. This would help to reduce the numbers of parents litigating and would placate fathers’ rights groups who were damaging confidence in the family justice system. Drawing on a sample of reported cases, this paper concludes that, at the higher levels, courts are not implementing the presumption. Nor has the presumption succeeded in placating fathers’ rights groups or significantly reducing the number of cases coming to court. It appears that the presumption has had little impact and the government's aims have not been realised. However, where it is having some impact, the presumption may be putting mothers and children at risk.
Canine echinococcosis screening in foxhound hunts in England and Wales using coproantigen ELISA and coproPCR
Authors: Lett Wai San , Boufana Belgees , Lahmar Samia , Bradshaw Helen , Walters Thomas M.H. , Brouwer Arjen , Fraser Alasdair R. , Maskell Deborah , Craig Philip S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A total of eight foxhound packs in England and Wales were screened for Echinococcus species using a genus-specific coproantigen ELISA and for Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and Echinococcus equinus by coproPCR. Main screening (n = 364 hounds) occurred during 2010–2011 wherein a quarter (25.6%) of the foxhound fecal samples tested were Echinococcus coproantigen-positive (93/364). In total, five of eight (62.5%) hunts screened had coproantigen-positive hounds; coproantigen prevalence for individual foxhound packs ranged from 0 to 61.2% and was shown to be >30% in three hunts (in counties of Powys, Wales and Northumberland, England). Foxhound fecal samples from six of the eight tested hunts (four Welsh and two English hunts) were positive by coproPCR for E. granulosus s.l (including one sequence confirmation of E. granulosus sensu stricto) and E. equinus DNA. Analysis of hunt questionnaire data suggested that there was an association between poor foxhound husbandry, especially feeding practices and Echinococcus coproantigen prevalence. Clearer guidelines regarding the risk of canine echinococcosis are required for safe management of foxhound hunts in England and Wales.
Willingness of farmers to pay for satellite-based irrigation advisory services: a southern Italy experience
Authors: Altobelli F. , Lall U. , Dalla Marta A. , Caracciolo F. , Cicia G. , D'Urso G. , Del Giudice T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to define, optimize and customize IRRISAT, a fully operative satellite-based irrigation advisory service (IAS) provided in Campania Region, Italy, using a choice experiment to determine the preferences of farmers regarding the main characteristics and attributes of IRRISAT. Furthermore, willingness to pay for the main attributes of the services provided was estimated. The information on the amount of water required for irrigation provided by the IAS is sent out to farmers via SMS and email, as well as via the IRRISAT webpage. The study was related to the 2013–2014 irrigation season, when the service provided support to 669 farmers over an area of 55 ha. The study considered four attributes and levels of IRRISAT service: land management unit (scale of service); different levels of water saving (5, 10 and 30%) that could be achieved at different prices; annual fee paid by farmers (ranging between €6 and €10/ha/year); length of contract for the service supply, ranging from 1 to 3 years. Results showed that farmers’ preferences are influenced positively by scale (entire area of the farm instead of single fields) and duration of the service delivering contract. Concerning the duration of the contract, the most preferred option was the 3-year service. Finally, water saving was shown to affect farmers’ choices very little and thus it is probably less attractive for farmers probably due to the low price and to a relatively large availability of water for irrigation.