bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity space of multicarrier continuous‐variable quantum key distribution
Authors: Gyongyosi Laszlo , Imre Sandor 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe diversity space of multicarrier continuous‐variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is defined. The diversity space utilizes the resources that are injected into the transmission by the additional degrees of freedom of the multicarrier modulation. We prove that the exploitable extra degree of freedom in a multicarrier CVQKD scenario significantly extends the possibilities of single‐carrier CVQKD. The manifold extraction allows for the parties to reach decreased error probabilities by utilizing those extra resources of a multicarrier transmission that are not available in a single‐carrier CVQKD setting. We define the multidimensional manifold space of multicarrier CVQKD and the optimal tradeoff between the available degrees of freedom of the multicarrier transmission. We extend the manifold extraction for the multiple‐access AMQD‐MQA (multiuser quadrature allocation) multicarrier protocol. The additional resources of multicarrier CVQKD allow the achievement of significant performance improvements that are particularly crucial in an experimental scenario.
Mechanisms that influence sex ratio variation in the invasive hymenopteran Sirex noctilio in South Africa
Authors: Queffelec Joséphine , Wooding Amy L. , Greeff Jaco M. , Garnas Jeffrey R. , Hurley Brett P. , Wingfield Michael J. , Slippers Bernard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSirex noctilio is an economically important invasive pest of commercial pine forestry in the Southern Hemisphere. Newly established invasive populations of this woodwasp are characterized by highly male‐biased sex ratios that subsequently revert to those seen in the native range. This trend was not observed in the population of S. noctilio from the summer rainfall regions in South Africa, which remained highly male‐biased for almost a decade. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of this persistent male bias. As an explanation for this pattern, we test hypotheses related to mating success, female investment in male versus female offspring, and genetic diversity affecting diploid male production due to complementary sex determination. We found that 61% of females in a newly established S. noctilio population were mated. Microsatellite data analysis showed that populations of S. noctilio from the summer rainfall regions in South Africa are far less genetically diverse than those from the winter rainfall region, with mean Nei's unbiased gene diversity indexes of 0.056 and 0.273, respectively. These data also identified diploid males at low frequencies in both the winter (5%) and summer (2%) rainfall regions. The results suggest the presence of a complementary sex determination mechanism in S. noctilio, but imply that reduced genetic diversity is not the main driver of the male bias observed in the summer rainfall region. Among all the factors considered, selective investment in sons appears to have the most significant influence on male bias in S. noctilio populations. Why this investment remains different in frontier or early invasive populations is not clear but could be influenced by females laying unfertilized eggs to avoid diploid male production in populations with a high genetic relatedness.
Evaluation of environmental DNA surveys for identifying occupancy and spatial distribution of Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) and Lampetra spp. in a Washington coast watershed
Authors: Ostberg Carl O. , Chase Dorothy M. , Hoy Marshal S. , Duda Jeffrey J. , Hayes Michael C. , Jolley Jeffrey C. , Silver Gregory S. , Cook‐Tabor Carrie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSurveys of environmental DNA (eDNA) have become an important and multifaceted tool for monitoring and identifying distributions and occupancy of aquatic species. This tool is attractive because it is powerful, easy to apply, and provides an alternative to traditional field survey methods. However, validating eDNA survey methods against traditional field survey methods is warranted prior to their application. We used eDNA and electrofishing to survey 10 sites in 3 tributaries of the Chehalis River, Washington, to infer distribution and occupancy of Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp. Both methods produced similar detection rates for E. tridentatus, and Lampetra spp. were detected at slightly greater frequency with eDNA in the Black River and Skookumchuck River. Within each of the three tributaries, eDNA concentration was negatively related to sample distance from the Chehalis River mainstem for E. tridentatus but not for Lampetra spp., which indicates E. tridentatus and Lampetra spp. may be distributed differently within tributaries. Application of lamprey eDNA data to a multiscale occupancy model indicated high probability of detecting eDNA in water samples and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays. Broad distribution and high detection of E. tridentatus and Lampetra spp. suggest robust populations inhabit the Chehalis River basin. Our findings suggest eDNA surveys may be comparable to electrofishing for informing lamprey occupancy and distributions. Such sampling is efficient and cost‐effective and we anticipate that eDNA surveys will become a valuable tool in addressing key research and monitoring needs for conservation and restoration of lampreys in general.
Elemental composition and bioaccessibility of farmed oysters (Crassostrea gigas) fed different ratios of dietary seaweed and microalgae during broodstock conditioning
Authors: Cardoso Carlos , Gomes Romina , Rato Ana , Joaquim Sandra , Machado Jorge , Gonçalves José Fernando , Vaz‐Pires Paulo , Magnoni Leonardo , Matias Domitília , Coelho Inês , Delgado Inês , Castanheira Isabel , Matos Joana , Ozório Rodrigo , Bandarra Narcisa , Afonso Cláudia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) culture has been expanding, thereby leading to a greater importance of hatcheries. Broodstock conditioning is very important in the hatchery process, in which diet composition may have a strong influence on the offspring production and quality. Therefore, the current study evaluated elemental composition and bioaccessibility of oysters fed different ratios of dietary seaweed (SW) and microalgae. The dietary conditioning consisted of direct replacement of microalgae by SW at four substitution levels (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% diet). It was observed that oysters fed 100% SW had the highest levels of Be, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Cd. The most important trend was a concentration decline of most elements with progressively lower levels of SW substitution for microalgae in the feeds. No Cd or Pb hazard (contents below 1.0 mg/kg for Cd and 1.5 mg/kg for Pb) was found in oyster meat. Regarding elemental bioaccessibility, values were similar, near 100% in the cases of Cu, Br, and I. Only for Mn and Pb, bioaccessibility percentages deviated more from 100%. Indeed, the value for Pb was 50% ± 7% (initial group), and for Mn, all values were equal or lower than 29% ± 2% (final group of oysters fed microalgae). It was observed that Mn, Cd, and Pb bioaccessibility increased with a growing share of microalgal biomass in the feed. Therefore, this study showed that SW incorporation into the feed influences elemental composition and bioaccessibility of the oysters.
An appraisal of geochemical signatures of komatiites from the greenstone belts of Dharwar Craton, India: Implications for temporal transition and Archean upper mantle hydration
Authors: Ganguly Sohini , Santosh M. , Manikyamba C. 
Published: June 2019

Archean ultramafic–mafic magmatism associated with dynamic mantle melting processes represents an integral part of crustal evolution and continental growth. Archean mantle plumes and their high temperature derivatives in komatiitic magmas provide a cornerstone in understanding the thermal and chemical evolution of the early Earth and its mantle. In this study, we evaluate the geochemical characteristics of the temporally distinct Sargur Group and Dharwar Supergroup greenstone belts of Dharwar Craton in southern India. The komatiites associated with these greenstone belts are characterized by Al‐depleted and Al‐undepleted compositions. Their MgO, Ni, Co, and Cr concentrations reflect primitive, undifferentiated nature of precursor melts, whereas the HFSE and REE chemistry corroborates high‐degree (30–50%) partial melting of mantle with prominent role of majorite garnet and perovskite in the generation of komatiitic melts. The Al‐depleted komatiites were formed at a greater depth (~13 GPa) by equilibrium melting leaving a garnet‐bearing residue. The resultant komatiitic melt retained buoyancy under extreme pressure and high temperature conditions, segregated and accumulated in the ambient peridotite mantle source and subsequently escaped with progressive decrease in pressure in the ascending plume. The Al‐undepleted and relatively rare Al‐enriched komatiites were derived by fractional melting at intermediate to shallow depths after the discharge of a large proportion of melt ensued by the collapse and entrance of residual garnet into the melt phase. The Mesoarchean–Neoarchean Dharwar komatiites provide evidence for heterogeneous, hydrated Archean upper mantle trapped by ascending mantle plumes. The non‐plume, arc‐related signatures invoke contributions from (a) sub‐cratonic lithospheric mantle roots influenced by ancient subduction events and (b) hydrated Archean upper mantle. The Sargur Group and Dharwar Supergroup komatiites record a distinct temporal transition and geochemical heterogeneity in the Archean mantle beneath the Dharwar Craton and can be attributed to Archean upper mantle hydration by flat slab subduction of >3.3 Ga oceanic crust at shallow level with vestiges of primordial oceanic crust forming deep cratonic mantle roots beneath the Dharwar Craton. The temporal transition towards mantle hydration beneath Dharwar Craton during the Mesoarchean can be correlated with the onset of subduction‐driven plate tectonics and ocean–crust–mantle interactions.
Diagenesis and reservoir quality of sandstones in the Eocene Shahejie Formation, Raoyang Sag (Jizhong Depression), Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Kaixun , Bai Guoping , Liu Li , Wang Hongxia , Guo Zengqiang , Li Bin 
Published: June 2019

Deeply buried (3.5–4.5 km) fan deltaic and braided deltaic sandstones of the Eocene Shahejie Formation are important hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Raoyang Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin (North China). An integrated approach incorporating petrophysics, thin‐section petrography, scanning electron microscope (SEM), cathodoluminescence (CL), and well log analysis was applied to investigate diagenesis, diagenetic minerals, and their impacts on reservoir quality. The sandstones of the Sha‐3 (the third Member of the Shahejie Formation) are dominated by lithic arkoses and arkoses with a low‐moderate compositional maturity and a moderate textural maturity. The pore systems are dominated by secondary pores resulting from dissolution of framework grains, micropores among authigenic clays, and minor amounts of primary intergranular pores. Chemically unstable framework grains such as feldspar and lithic fragments experienced alteration and resulted in formation of authigenic kaolinite. Dissolution and alteration of feldspars and rock fragments and pressure solution of detrital quartz grains were the main sources for quartz cements. Mechanical compaction and cementation by calcite, dolomite, quartz, kaolinite, and mixed‐layer illite/smectite destroyed primary pores, whereas dissolution of framework grains generated secondary pores. Five types of diagenetic facies are identified based on framework mineralogy, texture, diagenetic minerals, and pore systems. These comprise the following: (a) quartz‐cemented sandstone, (b) tightly compacted sandstone, (c) carbonate‐cemented sandstone, (d) clay‐mineral‐cemented sandstone, and (e) clean dissolved sandstone. Diagenetic processes and evolution sequences for the five diagenetic facies were reconstructed based on textural relationships from thin section, SEM, and CL studies. The reservoir quality evolution of various diagenetic facies is predicted by considering variations in grain size, sorting, shape, and matrix content of sandstones. This work, which investigates the diagenetic sequence of sandstones, will provide insights into reservoir quality prediction for low‐permeability sandstones with similar tectono‐depositional settings.
Bad bosses and self‐verification: The moderating role of core self‐evaluations with trust in workplace management
Authors: Booth Jonathan E. , Shantz Amanda , Glomb Theresa M. , Duffy Michelle K. , Stillwell Elizabeth E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWho responds most strongly to supervisor social undermining? Building on self‐verification theory (Swann, 1983, 1987), we theorize that employees with positive views of the self (i.e., higher core self‐evaluations [CSEs]) who also maintain higher trust in workplace management are more likely to experience heightened stress and turnover intentions when undermined. We argue that this subset of employees (high CSE, high trust) are more likely to feel misunderstood when undermined by their supervisor and that this lack of self‐verification partially explains their stronger responses to supervisor undermining. We find initial support for the first part of our model in a study of 259 healthcare workers in the United States and replicate and extend our findings in the second study of 330 employees in the United Kingdom. Our results suggest that the employees Human Resources often wishes to attract and retain—employees with high CSE and high trust in workplace management—react most strongly to supervisor social undermining.
Astaxanthin inhibits hallmarks of cancer by targeting the PI3K/NF‐κΒ/STAT3 signalling axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma models
Authors: Kowshik Jaganathan , Nivetha Ramesh , Ranjani Singaraj , Venkatesan Palanivel , Selvamuthukumar Subramanian , Veeravarmal Veeran , Nagini Siddavaram 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAberrant activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, a major driving force of diverse cellular processes has been implicated in tumour development and progression. Here, we report that astaxanthin (AXT), a potent antioxidant ketocarotenoid prevents cancer hallmarks by inhibiting PI3K/Akt and the associated downstream NF‐κB and STAT‐3 signalling pathways in SCC131 and SCC4 oral cancer cells as well as in the hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model. Using small molecule inhibitors of NF‐κB, STAT‐3 and PI3K and by overexpression of PI3K, we provide evidence to show that AXT inhibits NF‐κB and STAT‐3 signalling and cancer hallmarks by restraining the kinase activity of PI3K/Akt. Additionally, AXT downregulated the noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), miR‐21 and HOTAIR that influence PI3K/Akt signalling emphasising its modulatory effects on epigenetic regulation. Ethyl cellulose‐based AXT nanoparticles showed greater chemotherapeutic efficacy in the hamster oral carcinogenesis model compared to native AXT. We suggest that AXT prevents cell proliferation, apoptosis evasion, invasion and angiogenesis by intercepting the crosstalk between the PI3K/Akt, NF‐κB and STAT‐3 signalling circuits both in vitro and in vivo. Astaxanthin that abrogates the PI3K/Akt signalling axis, a central hub that orchestrates acquisition of cancer hallmarks is a promising candidate for anticancer drug development.
Diopside‐tricalcium phosphate bioactive ceramics for osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells
Authors: Vanhatupa Sari , Miettinen Susanna , Pena Pilar , Baudín Carmen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTi scaffolds combined with autologous human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) have been successfully applied for regenerative cranio‐maxillofacial bone therapies. Future challenges reside in regeneration of larger bone defects and displacement of the permanent Ti structure, thus, advanced resorbable scaffolds are needed. Composites of β‐Ca3(PO4)2 with 80 and 60 wt % of CaMg(SiO3)2 with improved mechanical properties compared to tricalcium phosphate (TCP) materials are presented. Synthetic CaMg(SiO3)2 and a precursor of Ca3(PO4)2 were used to fabricate the composites and a reference β‐Ca3(PO4)2 material by uniaxial pressing and solid state sintering. Optimum sintering temperature of 1225°C was selected. Microstructural analysis and Weibull distributions of tensile strengths determined by the diametral compression of discs test are reported. Thermodynamic simulation of the dissolution process in simulated body fluid body fluid was done. The biological response with hASCs was analyzed using basic and osteogenic media. Viability and osteogenic potential—LIVE/DEAD assay; alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen type‐I production—were characterized. The composites have higher tensile strength (>3×) than TCP materials, for similar reliability, and support viability and osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Resorption of the high strength phase diopside is the slowest. The promising results reported here suggest possible uses of these bioactive β‐Ca3(PO4)2–CaMg(SiO3)2 ceramics together with hASCs in bone tissue engineering.
New trends in glioma cancer therapy: Targeting Na+/H+ exchangers
Authors: Tamtaji Omid Reza , Mirzaei Hamed , Shamshirian Amir , Shamshirian Danial , Behnam Mohammad , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGlioma is the oneof the most prevalent primarybrain tumors. There is a variety of oxidative stresses, inflammatory pathways, apoptosis signaling, and Na+/H
+ exchangers (NHEs) involved in the pathophysiology of glioma. Previous studies have indicated a relationship between NHEs and some molecular pathways in glioma. NHEs, including NHE1, NHE5, and NHE9 affect apoptosis, tumor‐associated macrophage inflammatory pathways, matrix metalloproteinases, cancer‐cell growth, invasion, and migration of glioma. Also, inhibition of NHEs contributes to increased survival in animal models of glioma. Limited studies, however, have assessed the relationship between NHEs and molecular pathways in glioma. This review summarizes current knowledge and evidence regarding the relationship between NHEs and glioma, and the mechanisms involved.
The survivin molecule as a double‐edged sword in cellular physiologic and pathologic conditions and its role as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer
Authors: Rafatmanesh Atieh , Behjati Mohaddeseh , Mobasseri Narges , Sarvizadeh Mostafa , Mazoochi Tahereh , Karimian Mohammad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSurvivin is a member of the family of apoptosis inhibitory proteins with increased expression level in most cancerous tissues. Evidence shows that survivin plays regulatory roles in proliferation or survival of normal adult cells, principally vascular endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, primitive hematopoietic cells, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Survivin antiapoptotic role is, directly and indirectly, related to caspase proteins and shows its role in cell division through the chromosomal passenger complex. Survivin contains many genetic polymorphisms that the role of some variations has been proven in several cancers. The −31G/C polymorphism is one of the most important survivin mutations which is located in the promoter region on a CDE/CHR motif. This polymorphism can upregulate the survivin messenger RNA. In addition, its allele C can increase the risk of cancers in 1.27‐fold than allele G. Considering the fundamental role of survivin in different cancers, this protein could be considered as a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment. For this purpose, various strategies have been designed including the prevention of survivin expression through inhibition of mRNA translation using antagonistic molecules, inhibition of survivin gene function through small inhibitory molecules, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. In this study, we describe the structure, played roles in physiological and pathological states and genetic polymorphisms of survivin. Finally, the role of survivin as a potential target in cancer therapy given challenges ahead has been discussed.
Synthesis of Ag‐modified TiO2 nanotube and its application in photocatalytic degradation of dyes and elemental mercury
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Yen , Liu Chen‐Wuing , Hsi Hsing‐Cheng , Lin Kuen‐Song , Lin Yi‐Wen , Lai Li‐Chi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe non‐modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube (TNT) and silver (Ag)‐modified TNT samples were fabricated via an alkaline hydrothermal process. The synthesized samples had a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area since the resulted TNT was free of calcination, which is different from the traditional synthesized method. The specific surface area of non‐modified TNT and Ag‐modified TNT samples were 392 and 330 m2 g−1, respectively.RESULTSThe results indicated that anatase phase, cubic silver chloride (AgCl) and Ag co‐existed in the Ag‐modified TNT sample. In contrast, non‐modified TNT sample has only anatase phase. The OH groups, pre‐adsorbed water, and oxygen vacancies can be found on the surface of all samples. The Ag‐modified TNT sample showed to have higher removal efficiencies than that of non‐modified TNT sample for gas‐phase elemental mercury, carcinogenic malachite green, crystal violet and mixtures of dyes.CONCLUSIONAlthough specific surface area of non‐modified TNT was larger than that of Ag‐modified TNT, the Ag‐modified TNT possessed a high‐performance photocatalyst due to the electron‐hole pairs separation efficiency increase. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Current status of dengue virus, poliovirus, and chikungunya virus in Pakistan
Authors: Wahid Braira 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEpidemics of infectious diseases especially dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and poliovirus are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Pakistan. Risks associated with these outbreaks have drastic effects on the healthcare infrastructure and economy of the country. This report provides the current status of DENV, poliovirus, and CHIKV in Pakistan and further highlights the measures needed to control these infections.
Rapid polymerase chain reaction assays for Brevibacillus laterosporus detection
Authors: Marche Maria Giovanna , Mura Maria Elena , Ruiu Luca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe identification of the ubiquitous spore‐forming bacterium Brevibacillus laterosporus, whose interest in pharma, agriculture, and other industrial sectors is raising, mostly relies on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis. However, due to bacterial gene homology, this method appears insufficient for a proper discrimination of this species, so that the availability of other target genes is necessary. Leveraging the morphological and genetic feature uniqueness of B. laterosporus, a sensitive and reliable detection and quantification method based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR assays, respectively, was developed. Targeting a highly conserved spore surface protein‐related gene, B. laterosporus could be easily found in different matrices including soil, food, and insect body. Primer set selectivity was confirmed to be very specific and no false positives or negatives were observed using DNA of different bacterial species as a template. The method developed is also suitable for the rapid identification of newly isolated B. laterosporus strains.