bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontal fibrosierende Alopezie – Review aktueller Fallbeispiele und Fallserien in PubMed
Authors: Valesky Eva Maria , Maier Manuela Denise , Kippenberger Stefan , Kaufmann Roland , Meissner Markus 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungHintergrundIn der 1994 erschienen Erstpublikation zur frontal fibrosierenden Alopezie (FFA) fasste Steven Kossard sechs Patientinnen, die sich allesamt in der Postmenopause befanden, zusammen. Bei der FFA handelt es sich um eine vernarbende Alopezie, die durch die klinischen Kriterien der frontotemporalen Haarlinienregression und den Verlust der Augenbrauen gekennzeichnet ist. In letzten Jahren wurden zunehmend Fallberichte zur Manifestation in der Prämenopause und bei männlichen Patienten publiziert.Ziel der ArbeitZusammenfassung und Analyse der verfügbaren Literatur in Pubmed zur FFA bezüglich der Epidemiologie, der Begleiterkrankungen, der Krankheitspräsentation, Diagnostik und Therapie.Material und MethodenDie Datenbank Pubmed wurde nach Fallberichten und Fallserien zur FFA durchsucht. Insgesamt wurden 68 Artikel mit insgesamt 932 Patientenfällen eingeschlossen, analysiert und die patientengebundenen Daten ausgewertet. Neben den epidemiologischen Häufigkeiten wie Alter, Geschlecht oder Ethnie wurden zusätzliche Aspekte zu Prädilektionsstellen, assoziierten Hautveränderungen, Begleiterkrankungen, Medikationen und Therapieansprechen sowie die diagnostische Relevanz von Autoantikörpern erfasst.ErgebnisseTeilweise konnten die in Fallserien und Einzelfallberichten publizierten Erkenntnisse bestätigt und besser differenziert werden, wohingegen einzelne Annahmen nicht reproduziert werden konnten. Von besonderer Relevanz ist die in unserer Analyse ermittelte hohe Koinzidenz der FFA mit Schilddrüsenerkrankungen.SchlussfolgerungenDie vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert, die bislang umfangreichste Zusammenfassung der in der Literatur zur FFA publizierten Patientenfälle.
Lebensqualität und Behandlungsziele bei Psoriasis aus Patientensicht: Ergebnisse eines österreichweiten Querschnitt‐Survey
Authors: Wolf Peter , Weger Wolfgang , Legat Franz , Painsi Clemens , Saxinger Werner , Müllegger Robert , Sator Paul , Ratzinger Gudrun , Selhofer Sylvia , Richter Leo , Salmhofer Wolfgang , Lange‐Asschenfeldt Bernhard , Trautinger Franz , Mlynek Alexander , Strohal Robert , Augustin Matthias , Quehenberger Franz 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungHintergrundPatienten mit Psoriasis sind mit einer krankheitsbedingten Einschränkung ihrer Lebensqualität konfrontiert, weshalb einer hochqualitativen dermatologischen Versorgung ein besonderer Stellenwert zukommt.Patienten und MethodikWir führten einen bundesweiten Querschnitt‐Survey in Österreich (BQSAustria Psoriasis 2014/2015) mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Lebensqualität und Therapiezufriedenheit bei Patienten mit Psoriasis in dermatologischer Behandlung vorwiegend an Zentren mit überwiegend tertiären Versorgungsaufgaben durch.Ergebnisse70,2 % der 1184 befragten Patienten berichtete über eine eingeschränkte Lebensqualität (DLQI 2–5: 29,4 %; 6–10: 19,3 %; 11–15: 11,5 %; 16–20: 5,2 % und > 20: 4,9 %) trotz Behandlung innerhalb der letzten vier Wochen (mit lokaler Therapie in 88,2 % und/oder systemischer Therapie in 38,7 % der Fälle). Mit den verabreichten Therapien konnte im Durchschnitt kein einziges von 25 definierten subjektiven Behandlungszielen im gewünschten Ausmaß erreicht werden. So litten 82,2 % der Patienten trotz Behandlung weiter unter Juckreiz, wobei statistisch hochsignifikante Assoziationen mit einem schlechten Gesundheitszustand in der letzten Woche (Spear­man‐Rangkorrelation; p = 1.1e‐45), dem Ausmaß des psoriatischen Körperoberflächenbefalls (p = 3.2e‐11) und Kopfhautbefalls (p = 3.2e‐11) sowie Schmerzen (p = 2.3e‐22) vorlagen. Die Behandlung mit einem Biologikum war mit einer signifikant höheren Patientenzufriedenheit verbunden (Wilcoxon‐Test, p = 2.0e‐16).SchlussfolgerungenDie Lebensqualität der meisten österreichischen Patienten mit Psoriasis in dermatologischer Versorgung ist krankheitsbedingt beeinträchtigt, und es besteht ein Verbesserungspotenzial bei der Umsetzung von Behandlungszielen.
Nichtmelanozytäre Hauttumoren – von der aktinischen Keratose bis zum Plattenepithelkarzinom
Authors: Schmitz Lutz , Oster‐Schmidt Claus , Stockfleth Eggert 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungAktinische Keratosen sind als intraepitheliale Proliferation atypischer Keratinozyten definiert und können in ein invasives Plattenepithelkarzinom übergehen, welches sich in der Folge zu einer potenziell lebensbedrohlichen Krankheit entwickeln kann. Die Inzidenz von AK hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten aufgrund eines veränderten Freizeitverhaltens der Bevölkerung und des demographischen Wandels in den Industrienationen deutlich zugenommen. Derzeit wissen wir jedoch nicht, ob und wann eine AK in einen invasiven Tumor übergeht, sodass die konsequente Behandlung der Feldkanzerisierung ein wichtiger Bestandteil zur Vermeidung eines möglichen Progresses darstellt. Neben einem breiten Armamentarium an interventionellen und medikamentösen Therapieoptionen kommt dabei der primären Prävention insbesondere durch konsequenten Sonnenschutz eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Weitergehend wären klinische, histomorphologische oder molekularbiologische Klassifikationen wünschenswert, die eine zuverlässige Risikostratifizierung der Patienten ermöglichen würden. Damit ließe sich, auch unter sozioökonomischen Gesichtspunkten, eine Über‐ bzw. Untertherapie der steigenden Patientenzahlen zukünftig vermeiden und individualisierte, bedarfsadaptierte Therapiekonzepte erstellen.
Individual‐based models forecast the spread and inform the management of an emerging riverine invader
Authors: Messager Mathis L. , Olden Julian D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimMounting ecological impacts of invasive species on freshwater ecosystems are among the greatest challenges confronting ecologists and decision‐makers in conserving biodiversity and ecosystem function. Tools to slow the proliferation of aquatic invasive species are still needed to guide the allocation of limited resources more effectively and efficiently once a species is already established. Here we develop mechanistic models to recreate the invasion history of the rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus in the John Day River (JDR) basin, forecast its future distribution, and evaluate the management efficiency of, and trade‐offs among, population control actions.LocationJohn Day River Basin, Oregon.MethodsThe spread and control of rusty crayfish in the JDR was simulated with a spatially explicit individual‐based model (SEIBM) whereby the life history of each crayfish in the population is modelled in response to environmental conditions that vary across space and time. The model was calibrated by comparing modelled rusty crayfish spread throughout the JDR to known occurrences according to three comprehensive surveys.ResultsOur model accurately reproduced historical rusty crayfish distribution data for 2005, 2010, and 2016 with a specificity and sensitivity of ~80%. Leveraging this realistic model of the spread of rusty crayfish, we show that rapid management actions to the initial invasion would have resulted in an opportunity to slow the spread of rusty crayfish. We instead predict that rusty crayfish will reach the mainstem of the Columbia River by 2025, at which our model predicts that the crayfish population will number on the order of 108 individuals over more than 1100 km of river throughout the watershed and progress into critical salmon spawning habitat.Main conclusionThis study demonstrates that SEIBMs can provide unique insight into the future distribution of aquatic invasive species and concretely support decision‐makers in choosing an optimal control strategy.
Molecular imaging within the lower gastrointestinal tract: From feasibility to future
Authors: Rath Timo , Kiesslich Ralf , Neurath Markus F. , Atreya Raja 
Published: August 2018

Molecular imaging is based on the labelling of defined molecular targets through the utilization of fluorescently linked probes and their subsequent detection with high‐resolution endoscopic devices, thereby enabling visualization of single molecules including receptors. Whereas early studies have used molecular imaging for improved visualization and detection of early dysplasia and cancer as well as for assessing intestinal inflammation and inflammation‐associated cancer within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, more recent studies have impressively demonstrated that molecular imaging can also be used to characterize and visualize the molecular fingerprint of cancer and inflammation in vivo and in real time. With this, molecular imaging can be used to guide expression‐tailored individualized therapy. With the rapid expansion and diversification of the repertoire of biological agents utilized in inflammatory bowel disease and cancer, this approach is gaining increasing attention. Within this review, we first summarize the technical components commonly used for molecular imaging and then review preclinical and clinical studies and evolving clinical applications on molecular imaging within the lower GI tract. Molecular imaging has the potential to significantly change endoscopic diagnosis and subsequent targeted therapy of gastrointestinal cancer and chronic gastrointestinal diseases.
Liraglutide treatment improves postprandial lipid metabolism and cardiometabolic risk factors in humans with adequately controlled type 2 diabetes: A single‐centre randomized controlled study
Authors: Matikainen Niina , Söderlund Sanni , Björnson Elias , Pietiläinen Kirsi , Hakkarainen Antti , Lundbom Nina , Taskinen Marja‐Riitta , Borén Jan 
Published: August 2018

AimsPatients with type 2 diabetes and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibit considerable residual risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is, therefore, increasing interest in targeting postprandial lipid metabolism and remnant cholesterol. Treatment with the glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) analogue liraglutide reduces CVD risk by mechanisms that remain unexplained in part. Here we investigated the effects of liraglutide intervention on ectopic fat depots, hepatic lipogenesis and fat oxidation, postprandial lipid metabolism and glycaemia in humans with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe effect of liraglutide was investigated in 22 patients with adequately controlled type 2 diabetes. Patients were randomly allocated, in a single‐blind fashion, to either liraglutide 1.8 mg or placebo once daily for 16 weeks. Because liraglutide is known to promote weight loss, the study included dietary counselling to achieve similar weight loss in the liraglutide and placebo groups. Cardiometabolic responses to a high‐fat mixed meal were measured before and at the end of the liraglutide intervention.ResultsWeight loss at Week 16 was similar between the groups: −2.4 kg (−2.5%) in the liraglutide group and −2.1 kg (−2.2%) in the placebo group. HBA1c improved by 6.4 mmol/mol (0.6%) in the liraglutide group (P = 0.005). Liver fat decreased in both groups, by 31% in the liraglutide group and by 18% in the placebo group, but there were no significant changes in the rate of hepatic de novo lipogenesis or β‐hydroxybutyrate levels, a marker of fat oxidation. We observed significant postprandial decreases in triglycerides only in plasma, chylomicrons and VLDL, and remnant particle cholesterol after treatment in the liraglutide group. Fasting and postprandial apoCIII concentrations decreased after liraglutide intervention and these changes were closely related to reduced glycaemia. In relative importance analysis, approximately half of the changes in postprandial lipids were explained by reductions in apoCIII concentrations, whereas less than 10% of the variation in postprandial lipids was explained by reductions in weight, glycaemic control, liver fat or postprandial insulin responses.ConclusionsIntervention with liraglutide for 16 weeks produces multiple improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors that were not seen in the placebo group, despite similar weight loss. Of particular importance was a marked reduction in postprandial atherogenic remnant particles. The underlying mechanism may be improved glycaemic control, which leads to reduced expression of apoCIII, a key regulator of hypertriglyceridaemia in hyperglycaemic patients.
Influence of baseline modified Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (mRDCI) on drug survival and effectiveness of biological treatment in patients affected with Rheumatoid arthritis, Spondyloarthritis and Psoriatic arthritis in real‐world settings
Authors: Iannone Florenzo , Salaffi Fausto , Fornaro Marco , Di Carlo Marco , Gentileschi Stefano , Cantarini Luca , Lopalco Giuseppe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of baseline modified Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (mRDCI) a simple comorbidity count, on overall survival of treatments with biological drugs in patients affected with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Spondyloarthritis (SpA) and Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) in real‐world settings.MethodsPatients (nr. 635) with RA (nr. 214), SpA (nr. 213) and PsA (nr. 208) starting a first biological drug were retrospectively analysed. mRDCI was scored at baseline, and disease characteristics were recorded at entry and at last observation. Drug retention was analysed using Kaplan‐Meier curves. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association of baseline mRDCI with drug discontinuation and clinical outcomes, the achievement of clinical remission based on 28 joint‐Disease Activity Score (DAS28) <2.6 for RA and PsA, and on Ankylosing Spondylitis‐C‐reactive protein Disease Activity Score (ASDAS‐CRP) <1.3 for SpA.ResultsBaseline mRDCI significantly correlated with the number of biological drug switches (rho 0.26). Persistence on biologic therapy was significantly higher in patients with mRDCI=0 (96.4%), than in those with mRDCI ≥2 (83.9%). Patients without comorbidities showed significantly higher drug survival rate in PsA (P = 0.0001) or SpA (P = 0.02), but not in RA. mRDCI was also found to be a predictor of definitive drug discontinuation (HR: 1.53) and of failure to achieve remission in RA (HR: 0.66) or PsA (HR: 0.77), and in SpA (HR: 0.43).ConclusionsThis study provided evidence that baseline mRDCI negatively impacts the persistence on biologic treatments and clinical outcomes in patients with RA, SpA and PsA in real‐life settings.
High levels of circulating cell‐free DNA are a biomarker of active SLE
Authors: Xu Yalan , Song Yijun , Chang Jiazhen , Zhou Xiya , Qi Qingwei , Tian Xinping , Li Mengtao , Zeng Xiaofeng , Xu Mengnan , Zhang Wenjuan , Cram David S , Liu Juntao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundHigh levels of circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) have been reported in patients with inflammatory conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate the levels of cfDNA in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Materials and methodsComparative groups comprised 22 nonpregnant and 36 pregnant women with SLE (test groups) and 60 nonpregnant and 199 pregnant women with no history of SLE (control groups). The levels of cfDNA in plasma were quantitated by a fluorometric dsDNA assay.ResultsCompared to controls, the median levels of cfDNA were significantly higher in nonpregnant SLE patients (7.38 ng/mL vs 4.6 ng/mL, P = 0.033) and in pregnant SLE patients (7.65 ng/mL vs 5.25 ng/mL, P = 0.003). Based on SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) scores, the median cfDNA levels were significantly higher in patients with active disease (4 < SLEDAI < 15) compared with patients with inactive disease (SLEDAI < 4) (13.58 ng/mL vs 6.72 ng/mL, P = 0.01). While there was a trend of increased cfDNA levels with higher SLEDAI scores (R2 = 0.3, P < 0.001), we found no association of increased cfDNA levels with nephritis, skin manifestations, multiorgan inflammations or with other inflammatory markers such as decreased C3 and C4 levels or increased anti‐ds DNA antibodies.ConclusionsOur results suggest that in addition to classical SLE serological markers, measurement of circulating plasma cfDNA levels has potential as a useful biomarker for assessing SLE disease activity in patients and monitoring treatment.
Co-operation in Social Dilemmas Through Position Uncertainty
Authors: Gallice Andrea , Monzón Ignacio 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present a natural environment that sustains full co-operation in one-shot social dilemmas among a finite number of self-interested agents. Players sequentially decide whether to contribute to a public good. They do not know their position in the sequence, but observe the actions of some predecessors. Since agents realise that their own action may be observed, they have an incentive to contribute in order to induce potential successors to also do so. Full contribution can then emerge in equilibrium. The same environment leads to full co-operation in the prisoners’ dilemma.
Country and gender differences in the motivation of dental students—An international comparison
Authors: Haslach Sandra D. , Aytepe Zeynep , Kokkari Anne , Azrak Birgül , Ehlers Vicky , Herz Marco M. , Jerg‐Bretzke Lucia , Geibel Margrit‐Ann 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study, conducted in Germany, Finland and Turkey, was to identify whether motivations to study dentistry varied by country, gender or year of study.MethodsThe multicentre pilot study was conducted in English language in 2014. Participants (n = 469 dental students) were either in the first or last year of study. The response rate was 91%.ResultsThe sample comprised 63% females and 37% males, reflecting the common gender distribution in dental education. A total of 236 first year students (50.3%) and 233 final year students (49.7%) took part in the study. The participants were aged 21‐25 years and of 15 different nationalities, mostly from Turkey, Germany and Finland. Considering who motivated them most to become a dentist, the most common answer was “self‐motivated” (49.5%). 23.4% of the students stated having been motivated by a “family member or friend, who is a dentist,” while 24.3% said they had been motivated by a “family member or friend, who is not a dentist.” —Very few students (2.8%) recorded having been motivated by a “high school or college counsellor.” Motivations for choosing dentistry as a career included “ability to help people,” “self‐employment,” “income potential,” “working with hands” and “status and prestige,” all of which were rated as highly important. “Time management” and “career variety” were rated as moderately important. Significant statistical differences were observed by country and gender. For the German students, a dental relative was significantly more often relevant than for the Finnish and Turkish students, who were more often influenced by family members or friends not working in the dental field. “Time management” seemed to be significantly more important to female than to male students.ConclusionIn line with a feminisation of the workforce in dentistry, a well‐structured working environment and well‐thought‐out time management may play an increased role in future work force planning (Gender dentistry: International vergleichende Studie zu Karrierewahl und Spezialisierungswünschen von Zahnmedizinstudenten. Ulm: Universität Ulm).
Immune surveillance by autoreactive CD4‐positive helper T cells is a common phenomenon in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lam Tin Sing , van de Meent Marian , Marijt Erik W. A. , Falkenburg J. H. Frederik , Jedema Inge 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe importance of autologous T‐cell responses in immune surveillance against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the presence and functional reactivity of autoreactive T‐cell responses against autologous AML blasts.MethodsT cells purified from PB samples harvested from patients during first complete remission were stimulated with autologous AML material harvested at diagnosis. After 12‐14 days of coculture, the T cells were restimulated with autologous AML cells, and leukemia‐reactive T‐cell clones were isolated based on their expression of the activation marker CD137.ResultsWe demonstrated that AML‐induced autoreactivity was predominantly mediated by CD4 T cells. These autoreactive T cells showed abundant cytokine production, coincided by modest cytotoxic activity. Upon coculture, the autoreactive T cells were able to increase the immunogenicity of the AML blasts. Interestingly, similar AML‐directed reactivity was observed using HLA‐identical responder T cells from healthy donors.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the presence of AML‐directed autoreactive T cells is a common phenomenon which appears to be part of the general T‐cell repertoire also in healthy individuals. This autoreactive AML‐directed T‐cell response may directly contribute to anti‐AML immune surveillance especially in the situation of minimal residual disease, but furthermore the immune‐modulatory effect on the AML phenotype may pave the way for other immunological interventions.
Second‐line treatment for acute graft‐versus‐host disease with mesenchymal stromal cells: A decision model
Authors: Thielen Frederick W. , Blommestein Hedwig M. , Oosten Liesbeth E.M. , Calkoen Friso G. , Lankester Arjan C. , Zwaginga Jaap J. , Le Blanc Katarina , Redondo Alba , Sánchez‐Guijo Fermin , Algeri Mattia , Locatelli Franco , Fibbe Wim E. , Uyl‐de Groot Carin A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveNo standard second‐line treatment exists for acute graft‐versus‐host disease steroid‐refractory (SR‐aGvHD), and long‐term outcomes remain poor. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been evaluated as treatment, but no disease model (DM) exists that integrates and extrapolates currently available evidence. The aim of this study was to develop such a DM to describe the natural history of SR‐aGvHD and to predict long‐term outcomes.MethodThe DM was developed in collaboration with experts in haematology‐oncology. Subsequently, a model simulation was run. Input parameters for transition and survival estimates were informed by published data of clinical trials on MSC treatment for SR‐aGvHD. Parametric distributions were used to estimate long‐term survival rates after MSCs.ResultsThe newly developed DM is a cohort model that consists of eight health states. For the model simulation, we obtained data on 327 patients from 14 published phase II trials. Due to limited evidence, DM structure was simplified and several assumptions had to be made. Median overall survival was 3.2 years for complete response and 0.5 years for no complete response.ConclusionThe DM provides a comprehensive overview on the second‐line treatment pathway for aGvHD and enables long‐term predictions that can be used to perform a cost‐effectiveness analysis comparing any treatment for SR‐aGvHD.