bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic Dynamics, Savings, Investment and Current Account
Authors: Rusek Antonin 
Published: April 2018

<p class="Default">The upturn in the world economy brought with it the renewed attention to the issues of current account imbalances. Whereas large part of it is political, the issue still attracts some economic attention. In this paper the empirical side of the current account dynamics is addressed. We enquire of the relationships between the current account and savings dynamics, with the emphasis on the role of the “high savings” demographic cohorts (the population and/or labor force between 40 and 64). With the emphasis on the EUs “large” countries, we conclude that there is a significant role of this “high saving” population group in determining the current account dynamics for the consistent “high” surpluses countries of Germany and Netherlands.</p><p class="Default">The role of this population group is, however, rejected for France, Italy and Spain. In those countries the current account dynamics is dominated by (seemingly unexpected) liberalization of capital flows and the subsequent need for stabilization policies. Similarly, the dominant role of the demographic dynamic is rejected for the comparison, floating exchange rate countries of USA and Japan.</p>
Globalization minus One: The Emerging Contours of a New Global Economic Order
Authors: Namaki M S S El 
Published: April 2018

Disruption induces disequilibrium. Today’s global economy is the case in point. Powerful sources of disruption are undermining classic premises of global economic equilibrium and, in the process, changing the contours of the World economy. Long cherished globalization premises of free market, open economy, small government, private initiative and deregulation are being challenged. Sources of this challenge are numerous but the most striking is the recent rapid and abrupt USA reclusive and isolationist measures. The United States, the key global economic player, is assuming a protective posture by introducing tariff barriers, annulling international trade agreements, promoting self-serving job creation slogans and hastily recalling industries and services. And all this is uttering threats of crude retaliation. National interest seems to have taken precedence over cross country gains. And others seem to be working on a new framework: globalization minus one. A globalization that is based on new premises and involves the majority of global economic players but one: the United States. This will be the focus of the following article.
Access to Aid-in-Dying in the United States: Shifting the Debate From Rights to Justice
Authors: Buchbinder Mara 
Published: April 2018

Much of the literature on aid-in-dying (AID) has drawn heavily on rights-based ethical and legal frameworks that emphasize patients’ rights of self-determination in end-of-life decision-making. Less attention has focused on how terminally ill people actually experience such putative rights once they are legally authorized.This analytic essay draws on findings from the Vermont Study on Aid-in-Dying, an ethnographic study of the implementation of AID in Vermont (2015–2017). First, I show that terminally ill people can face a range of barriers to accessing AID in permissive jurisdictions, and that access to AID is mediated by various inequalities endemic to US health care, as well as some that are unique to AID. I then build on these findings to examine the utility of the concept of justice for public health scholarship on AID.By integrating empirical, ethical, and policy analysis, I reframe rights-based frameworks that emphasize the role of individual choice and decision-making at the end of life. In doing so, I draw attention to health care justice as a neglected issue in public health perspectives on AID.
The Collaborative Improvement and Innovation Network (CoIIN) to Reduce Infant Mortality: An Outcome Evaluation From the US South, 2011 to 2014
Authors: Hirai Ashley H. , Sappenfield William M. , Ghandour Reem M. , Donahue Sara , Lee Vanessa , Lu Michael C. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives. To evaluate the impact of the Southern Public Health Regions’ (Regions IV and IV) Collaborative Improvement and Innovation Network (CoIIN) to Reduce Infant Mortality, supported by the US Health Resources and Services Administration. Methods. We examined pre–post change (2011–2014) for CoIIN strategies with available outcome data from vital records (early elective delivery, smoking) and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (safe sleep) as well as preterm birth and infant mortality for Regions IV and VI relative to all other regions. Results. For most outcomes, CoIIN improvements were greater in Regions IV and VI than in other regions. For example, early elective delivery decreased by 22% versus 14% in other regions, smoking cessation during pregnancy increased by 7% versus 2%, and back sleep position increased by 5% versus 2%. Preterm birth decreased by 4%, twice that observed in other regions, but infant mortality reductions did not differ significantly. Conclusions. The CoIIN approach to public health improvement shows promise in accelerating progress in intermediate outcomes and preterm birth. Impact on infant mortality may require additional strategies and sustained efforts.
High‐flow apnoeic oxygenation delivered by LMA or tracheal tube for tracheal resection and reconstruction surgery
Authors: Egan Michael , Redmond Karen C. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryAirway management for tracheal resection and reconstruction can be challenging. 'LET Flow' is a novel technique using a high‐flow oxygen delivery device attached directly to a laryngeal mask or tracheal tube that may provide apnoeic oxygenation during surgery on an open trachea.We report a case where a high‐flow oxygen device, AIRVOTM 2 (Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, Aukland, New Zealand), was attached to a size three laryngeal mask airway and 100% oxygen at a flow‐rate of 40 l.min‐1 delivered across an open trachea. This permitted 42 minutes of uninterrupted surgery in an apnoeic female patient with subglottic tracheal stenosis. Oxygen saturations remained above 96% during the apnoeic period and arterial blood gas parameters within acceptable limits. To avoid possible barotrauma or volutrauma as complete tracheal closure approached, flow was reduced to 10 l.min‐1 followed by laryngeal mask cuff deflation. Mechanical ventilation recommenced at tracheal closure. 'LET Flow' provided optimal surgical conditions by removing an airway device from the operative field. No urgent interruption of surgery or rescue mechanical ventilation was required.
A Computer Application to Predict Adverse Events in the Short-Term Evolution of Patients With Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Preprint)
Authors: Arostegui Inmaculada , Legarreta María José , Barrio Irantzu , Esteban Cristobal , Garcia-Gutierrez Susana , Aguirre Urko , Quintana José María ,   IRYSS-COPD Group
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic disease. Exacerbations of COPD (eCOPD) contribute to the worsening of the disease and the patient’s evolution. There are some clinical prediction rules that may help to stratify patients with eCOPD by their risk of poor evolution or adverse events. The translation of these clinical prediction rules into computer applications would allow their implementation in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to create a computer application to predict various outcomes related to adverse events of short-term evolution in eCOPD patients attending an emergency department (ED) based on valid and reliable clinical prediction rules.

METHODS

A computer application, Prediction of Evolution of patients with eCOPD (PrEveCOPD), was created to predict 2 outcomes related to adverse events: (1) mortality during hospital admission or within a week after an ED visit and (2) admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) or an intermediate respiratory care unit (IRCU) during the eCOPD episode. The algorithms included in the computer tool were based on clinical prediction rules previously developed and validated within the Investigación en Resultados y Servicios de Salud COPD study. The app was developed for Windows and Android systems, using Visual Studio 2008 and Eclipse, respectively.

RESULTS

The PrEveCOPD computer application implements the prediction models previously developed and validated for 2 relevant adverse events in the short-term evolution of patients with eCOPD. The application runs under Windows and Android systems and it can be used locally or remotely as a Web application. Full description of the clinical prediction rules as well as the original references is included on the screen. Input of the predictive variables is controlled for out-of-range and missing values. Language can be switched between English and Spanish. The application is available for downloading and installing on a computer, as a mobile app, or to be used remotely via internet.

CONCLUSIONS

The PrEveCOPD app shows how clinical prediction rules can be summarized into simple and easy to use tools, which allow for the estimation of the risk of short-term mortality and ICU or IRCU admission for patients with eCOPD. The app can be used on any computer device, including mobile phones or tablets, and it can guide the clinicians to a valid stratification of patients attending the ED with eCOPD.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00102401; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT02434536 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/76iwTxYuA)

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

RR2-10.1186/1472-6963-11-322
Effectiveness of health technology electronic prescribing: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis Study
Authors: Eslami Saeed , Dehghan Hamidreza , Namayandeh Mahdieh , Dehghani Arezo , Hajian Dashtaki Saeed , Gholampour Vahid , Ghasemian Smanneh , Zare Atefeh , Rahimi Masomeh , Barzegar Abbas 
Published: April 2018

INTRODUCTION: There is increasing evidence that electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) can improve the quality and safety of healthcare services. However, it has also become clear that this implementation is not straightforward and may create unintended or undesired consequences once in use. In this context, the systematic review can provide us with a general overview of the results of the studies and can help us find the truth. This review will aim to identify, appraise and synthesise clinical trial studies on ePrescribing in hospital settings.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Data sources will include the following databases: pubmed, scopus and cochrane library. In addition, other sources will be searched for ongoing studies (ClinicalTrials.gov) and grey literature. Studies will be independently screened for eligibility by 2 reviewers and data extraction is done by 2 people. Articles are evaluated on the basis of the quality criteria of JADAD. The data is analyzed by the STATA software.DISSEMINATION: The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences. Policy makers and healthcare decision-makers can use these results.
Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B in Patients with Lupus Nephritis and Glomerulopathy Referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran
Authors: Najafi Farzaneh , Baghbanian Mahmood , Danaii Zahra 
Published: April 2018

Background: The conventional method for testing Hepatitis B (HBsAg) can be not detected occult Hepatitis B in patients. No diagnosis of hepatitis B in patients with lupus nephritis and glomerulopathy treated with Immunosuppressive drugs, can be clear Hepatitis B. Also, due to the possible role of occult Hepatitis B in the lack of a complete response to treatment and continue proteinuria Assess the prevalence of occult Hepatitis B in these patients is important.in this study we decided to the survey Prevalence of occult hepatitis B in patients with lupus nephritis and glomerulopathy referred to SHAHID SADOUGHI Hospital in Yazd.Methods: This study was a descriptive-cross sectional study. A total of 112 patients with lupus nephritis and glomerulopathy referred to internal department, nephrology and rheumatology clinic of SHAHID SADOUGHI Hospital in five-year period studied. HBsAg, HBsAb was measured in patients and those with HBsAg positive and HBsAg negative HBV-DNA was measured. Demographic was collected in the questionnaire that already provided. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 20, using statistical tests were analyzed.Result: The results showed that the mean age of participants was 40.84 ± 15.11 years. From 112 patients participated in the study,49 patients (43.8%) were men and63 patients (56.2%) were female. Also from 112 patients,97 patients (86.6%) had primary glomerulopathy and 15 patients (13.4%) had lupus nephritis. The prevalence of occult hepatitis B was 3.0% in patients with primary glomerulopathy and 13.3% in lupus nephritis patients. There was a significant relationship between the frequency of HBc-Ab and the mean age of patients with type of disease (P-value <0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of occult hepatitis B in patients with lupus nephritis was greater than the prevalence in pateints with gleumeronephritis.
Association Between Intraventricular Conduction Disorders and Intrahospital Prognosis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Latif Mehdi , Salehi Mohammad , Janfada Nazanin , Foroutan Leila , Ashrafi MohammadMoein 
Published: April 2018

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the most common heart diseases. Interventricular conduction disorders are complications of acute myocardial infarctions and have different types, such as left and right bundle branch blocks and left anterior and posterior hemiblocks. The prognosis of this disease can affect therapeutic methods, duration of hospitalization, and timely intervention decisions. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the relationship between interventricular conduction disorders and the prognosis of patients with ACS.Methods: Using the convenience sampling method, this analytical case-control study was conducted on 140 patients with ACS (61 patients in the case group and 79 patients in the control group) who were treated from March to August 2013. The underlying variables of the risk factors for ACS were evaluated, along with prognostic evaluation factors, in two groups: a case group (patients with interventricular conduction disorders) and a control group (patients without interventricular conduction disorders). Data were analyzed with SPSS v. 17 software using the chi-squared test, the analysis of variance test, Student’s t-test, and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The mean age of patients was 64.1 ± 5.8 years in the case group and 62.9 ± 8.8 years in the control group. No significant relationship was observed between ACS risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, and smoking, and the prognosis of patients with ACS. The mean ejection fraction was 39.7 in the case group and 45.1 in the control group, so a significant relationship existed between the two groups (P<0.05). In addition, systolic heart failure was more common in the case group than in the control group.Conclusion: We found that the presence of auscultation (rales sound) and shortness of breath on the first day of hospital admission in the case group was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the ejection fraction in the case group was lower than in the control group, and the frequency of mitral regurgitation in the case group was higher than in the control group. These factors can effectively predict the prognosis of patients with ACS. Finally, we found that interventricular conduction disorders weakened the prognosis of patients with ACS.
Пункционная аспирационная биопсия опухолей яичника под контролем ультразвука
Authors: Азаб Хуссейн Ахмад , Торба А. В. 
Published: April 2018

Целью было показать эффективность пункционной аспирационной биопсии с контролем ультразвукового исследования (ТАБ) доброкачественных и злокачественных опухолей яичника, а также роль цитологического исследования для своевременной окончательной диагностики объемных образований яичника. Обследовано 41 женщину, пункционная биопсия проводилась под контролем ультразвука, цитологический диагноз во всех случаях был верифицирован с помощью макроскопического и патогистологического исследований. У всех обследованных (42 поражения яичников) был получен достаточный для цитологического исследования материал. Правильный диагноз был поставлен у 34 пациенток (точность 80,9%). В большинстве случаев расхождений с окончательными заключениями были опухоли в начальных стадиях малигнизации (поверхностная эпителиальная инвазия). ТАБ с ультразвуковым контролем является точным, безопасным, быстрым и недорогим методом диагностики овариальных опухолей. Альтернативой ТАБ является диагностическая лапаротомия, обременительный для больной, дорогостоящий метод. Только в единичных случаях, когда после ТАБ диагноз остаётся неясным (поверхностная эпителиальная инвазия), гистопатологическое исследование требуется для постановки окончательного диагноза.
On the Negative Disjunction Property
Authors: McKay Craig Graham 
Published: April 2018

In the field of intermediate logics, the concept of the disjunction property (DP) plays an important part. Lloyd Humberstone has drawn my attention to an analogious principle called the Negative Disjunction Property ( NDP) which applies when the disjuncts involved are negated. The author investigates the NDP in the case of intermediate propositional logics.
Key words: intermediate logic, disjunction property, negative disjunction property, Heyting algebra, Jankov
Propositional Identity and Logical Necessity
Authors: Martens David B. 
Published: April 2018

In two early papers, Max Cresswell constructed two formal logics of propositional identity, PCR and FCR, which he observed to be respectively deductively equivalent to modal logics S4 and S5. Cresswell argued informally that these equivalences respectively “give … evidence” for the correctness of S4 and S5 as logics of broadly logical necessity. In this paper, I describe weaker propositional identity logics than PCR that accommodate core intuitions about identity and I argue that Cresswell’s informal arguments do not firmly and without epistemic circularity justify accepting S4 or S5. I also describe how to formulate standard modal logics (K, S2, and their extensions) with strict equivalence as the only modal primitive.
Reduction in first-order logic compared with reduction in implicational logic
Authors: Galoyan Tigran M. 
Published: April 2018

In this paper we discuss strong normalization for natural deduction in the →∀-fragment of first-order logic. The method of collapsing types is used to transfer the result (concerning strong normalization) from implicational logic to first-order logic. The result is improved by a complement, which states that the length of any reduction sequence of derivation term r in first-order logic is equal to the length of the corresponding reduction sequence of its collapse term rc in implicational logic.
Categorical Abstract Algebraic Logic: Equivalential π-Institutions
Authors: Voutsadakis George 
Published: April 2018

The theory of equivalential deductive systems, as introduced by Prucnal and Wroński and further developed by Czelakowski, is abstracted to cover the case of logical systems formalized as π-Institutions. More precisely, the notion of an N-equivalence system for a given π-Institutions is introduced. A characterization theorem for N-equivalence systems, previously proven for N-parameterized equivalence systems, is revisited and a “transfer theorem” for N-equivalence systems is proven. For a π-Institutions I having an N-equivalence system, the maximum such system is singled out and, then, an analog of Herrmann’s Test, characterizing those N-protoalgebraic π-Institutions having an N-equivalence system, is formulated. Finally, some of the rudiments of matrix theory are revisited in the context of π-Institutions, as they relate to the existence of N-equivalence systems.
Church-Rosser property and intersection types
Authors: Koletsos George , Stavrinos George 
Published: April 2018

We give a proof via reducibility of the Church-Rosser property for the system D of λ-calculus with intersection types. As a consequence we can get the confluence property for developments directly, without making use of the strong normalization property for developments, by using only the typability in D and a suitable embedding of developments in this system. As an application we get a proof of the Church-Rosser theorem for the untyped λ-calculus.
A Note on Identity and Higher Order Quantification
Authors: Urbaniak Rafal 
Published: April 2018

It is a commonplace remark that the identity relation, even though not expressible in a first-order language without identity with classical set-theoretic semantics, can be defined in a language without identity, as soon as we admit second-order, set-theoretically interpreted quantifiers binding predicate variables that range over all subsets of the domain. However, there are fairly simple and intuitive higher-order languages with set-theoretic semantics (where the variables range over all subsets of the domain) in which the identity relation is not definable. The point is that the definability of identity in higher-order languages not only depends on what variables range over, but also is sensitive to how predication is construed. This paper is a follow-up to (Urbaniak 2006), where it has been proven that no actual axiomatization of Leśniewski’s Ontology determines the standard semantics for the epsilon connective.
Implementation of MenACWY vaccination because of ongoing increase in serogroup W invasive meningococcal disease, the Netherlands, 2018
Authors: Knol Mirjam J , Ruijs Wilhelmina LM , Antonise-Kamp Laura , de Melker Hester E , van der Ende Arie 
Published: April 2018

The annual incidence rate of serogroup W invasive meningococcal disease in the Netherlands increased from < 0.05/100,000 (n < 10) before 2015 to 0.5/100,000 (n = 80) in 2017. Most isolates (94%) belong to clonal complex 11. The incidence rate is highest among  < 5 year-olds and 15–24 year-olds. The case fatality rate was 12% (17/138) in 2015–2017. From May 2018, MenACWY vaccination replaces MenC vaccination at age 14 months and from October 2018, 13–14 year-olds are offered MenACWY vaccination.
Predicting Users’ Responses of Public Utility Services - Multivariate and Neural Network Analysis - A Case Study
Authors: S. Sreedharan , G.R. Poornima , Nair Meena , Worku Genanew Bekele , Mansoor Wathiq , Rao Ananth 
Published: April 2018

This research addresses the problem of predicting the user’s responses through multivariate choice (MVC) and neural network (NN) frameworks for predicting quality, quantity and overall User satisfaction of public water supply organization, BWSSB (Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board) in Bangalore - India for policy initiatives. The MVC study identifies statistically significant factors that explain users’ loyalty to express satisfaction and voice to express dissatisfaction. The MVC model correctly predicts 85% of satisfied customers across satisfaction dimensions. Wald test on 1940 responses confirms that there exits cross equation correlation across quality, quantity and overall Users’ satisfaction dimensions and thus appropriateness of MVC framework over traditional logit for predicting the user responses. NN framework outperforms the econometric model with 94% correct classification of user responses. The study opens up potential research opportunities for applying the advanced analytical frameworks for predicting user responses in various public and private settings for Policy initiatives so that the service providers could improve their service delivery.