bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions from Accreted Organics to Titan’s Atmosphere: New Insights from Cometary and Chondritic Data
Authors: Miller Kelly E. , Glein Christopher R. , Waite J. Hunter 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Since its discovery in the first half of the 20th century, scientists have puzzled over the origins of Titan’s atmosphere. Current models suggest that atmospheric N2 on Titan may have originated from NH3-bearing ice with N-isotopic ratios similar to those observed in NH2 in cometary comae (14N/15N ∼ 136). In contrast, N2 ice appears to be too 15N poor to explain Titan’s atmosphere (14N/15N ∼ 168). Additionally, data from the Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko suggest that the Ar/N2 ratio of outer solar system planetesimals may be too high for a comet-like N2 source on Titan. The Rosetta mission also revealed an astonishing abundance of N-bearing complex organic material. While thermal fractionation of cometary sources during Titan accretion may explain the loss of N2- and Ar-rich ices, more refractory materials such as complex organics would be retained. Later heating in the interior may lead to volatilization of accreted organics, consistent with Cassini–Huygens measurements of 40Ar that suggest outgassing from the interior may have played a role in atmosphere formation. Here, we develop a three endmember mixing model for N isotopes and the 36Ar/14N ratio of Titan’s atmosphere, and consider the implications for the source of atmospheric methane. Our model suggests that Titan’s interior is likely warm, and that N from accreted organics may contribute on the order of 50% of Titan’s present-day nitrogen atmosphere.
Chemical and Kinematic Analysis of CN-strong Metal-poor Field Stars in LAMOST DR3
Authors: Tang Baitian , Liu Chao , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Geisler Doug , Shi Jianrong , Zamora Olga , Worthey Guy , Moreno Edmundo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The large amount of chemical and kinematic information available in large spectroscopic surveys has inspired the search for chemically peculiar stars in the field. Though these metal-poor field stars ([Fe/H] < −1) are commonly enriched in nitrogen, their detailed spatial, kinematic, and chemical distributions suggest that various groups may exist, and thus their origin is still a mystery. To study these stars statistically, we increase the sample size by identifying new CN-strong stars with LAMOST DR3 for the first time. We use CN–CH bands around 4000 Å to find CN-strong stars, and further separate them into CH-normal stars (44) and CH-strong (or CH) stars (35). The chemical abundances from our data-driven software and APOGEE DR14 suggest that most CH-normal stars are N-rich, and this cannot be explained by an internal mixing process alone. The kinematics of our CH-normal stars indicate that a substantial fraction of these stars are retrograding, pointing to an extragalactic origin. The chemistry and kinematics of CH-normal stars imply that they may be stars dissolved from globular clusters, or accreted halo stars, or both.
Constraining the Braking Index and Energy Partition of Magnetar Spindown with Swift/XRT Data
Authors: Lü Hou-Jun , Lan Lin , Liang En-Wei 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The long-lasting X-ray plateau emission in long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) shows observational evidence for ongoing energy injection, which may be from magnetar spindown due to energy released via either magnetic dipole (MD) or gravitational wave (GW) radiation. In this paper, by systematically analyzing the Swift/XRT light curves detected before 2018 July, we find 45 light curves with a measured redshift that monotonically decay as a smooth broken power law. By assuming that the central engines of these GRBs are newly born magnetars, we measure the braking index n of putative millisecond magnetars, due to MD and GW radiations. The inferred braking indices are not close to 3 or 5, but range between them with a normal distribution (

). We define a dimensionless parameter

, which is the ratio between the MD and GW components, and find that the energy released via magnetar spindown in most GRBs of our sample is dominated by GW radiation for

ms and ϵ = 0.005 and 0.01. On the other hand, we find that

and the braking index n seem to be anticorrelated within a large systematic error at t = 0, but depend on the values of the parameters P
0 and ϵ. These results suggest that the contribution of GW radiation cannot be ignored, and that a larger braking index leads to GWs dominating the energy released during magnetar spindown if indeed magnetars are operating in some long GRBs.
Model-free Maps of Interstellar Neutral Hydrogen Measured with IBEX between 2009 and 2018
Authors: Galli A. , Wurz P. , Rahmanifard F. , Möbius E. , Schwadron N. A. , Kucharek H. , Heirtzler D. , Fairchild K. , Bzowski M. , Kubiak M. A. , Kowalska-Leszczynska I. , Sokół J. M. , Fuselier S. A. , Swaczyna P. , McComas D. J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) is a NASA satellite in Earth orbit, dedicated to observing interstellar neutral (ISN) atoms entering the heliosphere and energetic neutral atoms from the heliosheath from 11 eV to 6 keV. This work presents comprehensive maps of ISN hydrogen observed with IBEX at energies between 11 and 41 eV, covering almost an entire solar cycle from 2009 to 2018. ISN hydrogen measurements can provide information on the interstellar medium and on the heliosphere that modifies the incoming ISN flow. Whereas hydrogen is the dominant species in the unperturbed interstellar medium, most ISN hydrogen atoms crossing into the heliosphere do not reach the inner solar system: some are filtered out around the heliopause, while others are held off by solar radiation pressure or may be ionized as they approach the Sun. This paper presents and evaluates several approaches for generating model-free maps of ISN hydrogen from IBEX measurements. We discuss the basic implications of our results for ISN hydrogen inflow and outline the remaining discrepancies between observations and model predictions. Our maps show, during weak solar activity from 2009 to 2011, a clear signal of ISN hydrogen for ecliptic longitudes between 240° and 310°, roughly one month after the signal of ISN helium has peaked. When the solar activity approached its maximum around 2014, the ISN hydrogen signal weakened and dropped below the detection threshold because of increasing solar radiation pressure and ionization. The ISN hydrogen signal then reappeared in 2017.
Exoplanets in the Antarctic Sky. I. The First Data Release of AST3-II (CHESPA) and New Found Variables within the Southern CVZ of TESS
Authors: Zhang 张 Hui 辉 , Yu Zhouyi , Liang Ensi , Yang Ming , Ashley Michael C. B. , Cui Xiangqun , Du Fujia , Fu Jianning , Gong Xuefei , Gu Bozhong , Hu Yi , Jiang Peng , Liu Huigen , Lawrence Jon , Liu Qiang , Li Xiaoyan , Li Zhengyang , Ma Bin , Mould Jeremy , Shang Zhaohui , Suntzeff Nicholas B. , Tao Charling , Tian Qiguo , Tinney C. G. , Uddin Syed A. , Wang Lifan , Wang Songhu , Wang Xiaofeng , Wei Peng , Wright Duncan , Wu Xuefeng , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Xu Lingzhe , Yang Shi-hai , Yu Ce , Yuan Xiangyan , Zheng Jessica , Zhou Hongyan , Zhou Ji-lin , Zhu Zhenxi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Located at Dome A, the highest point of the Antarctic plateau, the Chinese Kunlun station is considered to be one of the best ground-based photometric sites because of its extremely cold, dry, and stable atmosphere. A target can be monitored from there for over 40 days without diurnal interruption during a polar winter. This makes Kunlun station a perfect site to search for short-period transiting exoplanets. Since 2008, an observatory has existed at Kunlun station, and three telescopes are working there. Using these telescopes, the AST3 project has been carried out over the last 6 yr with a search for transiting exoplanets as one of its key programs (CHESPA). In the austral winters of 2016 and 2017, a set of target fields in the southern continuous viewing zone (CVZ) of TESS were monitored by the AST3-II telescope. In this paper, we introduce the CHESPA and present the first data release containing photometry of 26,578 bright stars (

). The best photometric precision at the optimum magnitude for the survey is around 2 mmag. To demonstrate the data quality, we also present a catalog of 221 variables with a brightness variation greater than 5 mmag from the 2016 data. Among these variables, 179 are newly identified periodic variables not listed in the AAVSO database (https://www.aavso.org/), and 67 are listed in the Candidate Target List. These variables will require careful attention to avoid false-positive signals when searching for transiting exoplanets. Dozens of new transiting exoplanet candidates will be released in a subsequent paper.
Type Ibn Supernovae May not all Come from Massive Stars
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Griffin , McCully Curtis , Zabludoff Ann I. , Arcavi Iair , French K. Decker , Howell D. Andrew , Berger Edo , Hiramatsu Daichi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Because core-collapse supernovae are the explosions of massive stars, which have relatively short lifetimes, they occur almost exclusively in galaxies with active star formation. On the other hand, the Type Ibn supernova PS1-12sk exploded in an environment that is much more typical of thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae: on the outskirts of the brightest elliptical galaxy in a galaxy cluster. The lack of any obvious star formation at that location presented a challenge to models of Type Ibn supernovae as the explosions of very massive Wolf–Rayet stars. Here we present a supplementary search for star formation at the site of PS1-12sk, now that the supernova has faded, via deep ultraviolet (UV) imaging of the host cluster with the Hubble Space Telescope. We do not detect any UV emission within 1 kpc of the supernova location, which allows us deepen the limit on star formation rate by an order of magnitude compared to the original study on this event. In light of this new limit, we discuss whether or not the progenitors of Type Ibn supernovae can be massive stars, and what reasonable alternatives have been proposed.
Millisecond Pulsars and the Gamma-Ray Excess in Andromeda
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Antonini Fabio , Gnedin Oleg Y. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has provided evidence for diffuse gamma-ray emission in the central parts of the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxy. This excess has been interpreted either as dark-matter annihilation emission or as emission from thousands of millisecond pulsars (MSPs). We have recently shown that old massive globular clusters (GCs) may move toward the center of the Galaxy by dynamical friction and carry within them enough MSPs to account for the observed gamma-ray excess. In this Letter we revisit the MSP scenario for the Andromeda galaxy by modeling the formation and disruption of its GC system. We find that our model predicts gamma-ray emission ∼2–3 times larger than for the Milky Way, but still nearly an order of magnitude smaller than the observed Fermi excess in the Andromeda. Our MSP model can reproduce the observed excess only by assuming ∼8 times a larger number of old clusters than inferred from galaxy scaling relations. To explain the observations we require either that Andromeda deviates significantly from the scaling relations, or that a large part of its high-energy emission comes from additional sources.
Le conditionnel temporel subjectif et la possibilité prospective
Authors: Gosselin Laurent 
Published: January 2019

Cet article traite de l’emploi dit « temporel subjectif » du conditionnel (p. ex. : Il savait que je viendrais ). Il expose d’abord les difficultés auxquelles se trouve confrontée l’analyse de cet emploi au moyen du concept de « possibilité prospective » (analyse proposée par Gosselin 1999 et dans le cadre de la sémantique du temps ramifié par Martin 1981, Vuillaume 2001 et Bres 2009). Il propose ensuite, dans ce cadre, une analyse nouvelle de la possibilité prospective, qui répond aux difficultés signalées et fournit de nouvelles prédictions sur la sémantique des énoncés au conditionnel subjectif.
Conditionnel, dialogisme et verbes factifs
Authors: Bres Jacques , Diwersy Sascha , Luxardo Giancarlo 
Published: January 2019

L’article analyse l’usage temporel du conditionnel (présent) dans les constructions factives négatives {ne pas savoir / ne pas se douter / ignorer que} + conditionnel, p. ex. Ma fille ne se doutait pas que je passerais par là , qui semble invalider l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’ultériorité se calcule à partir d’une énonciation rapportée. L’étude sur corpus fait apparaître que le conditionnel, que l’on trouve dans les constructions factives positives dès l’ancien français, n’apparaît dans les tours factifs négatifs qu’au xvii e siècle. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que, sur le chemin de la grammaticalisation de l’emploi subjectif initial en emploi objectif ( xix e siècle), cette construction correspond à une étape de switch context , dans laquelle la valeur source subjective s’efface au profit de la valeur cible objective .
Évidentialité ou non-prise en charge ? Le cas du conditionnel épistémique en français. Une réanalyse
Authors: Dendale Patrick 
Published: January 2019

Dans cet article, nous montrons que l’emploi du conditionnel que nous appelons « conditionnel épistémique 1 » (CE1) peut être considéré, de plein droit, par son sémantisme propre, comme un marqueur évidentiel de reprise. Nous montrons que la valeur de non-prise en charge qui lui est souvent associée comme position neutre du locuteur, parfois même comme le trait le plus important de sa signification en langue, n’est qu’une valeur seconde, dérivée, qui découle indirectement de sa valeur de reprise à autrui et qui peut parfaitement être annulée par des éléments du contexte.
Active Learning Outcomes on NCLEX-RN or Standardized Predictor Examinations: An Integrative Review
Authors: Shatto Bobbi , Shagavah Anne , Krieger Mary , Lutz Lauren , Duncan Cori E. , Wagner Emma K. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Despite research indicating that active learning pedagogies that allow more student interaction in the classroom are the most effective way of teaching for comprehension and retention of material, lecture methods are still the most prominent method of teaching in schools of nursing. Although an abundance of research has explored student satisfaction and active learning methods, few studies have examined these methods to determine how they may affect scores on the NCLEX-RN and standardized predictor examinations such as Health Education Systems, Inc., and Assessment Technology Institute examinations.

Method:
A comprehensive integrative review of teaching methods that used active learning and NCLEX-RN or predictor examinations identified nine publications.

Results:
NCLEX-RN and standardized predictor examination scores were higher when active learning methods were used compared with classrooms that used more traditional learning methods.

Conclusion:

Moving the focus from lecture-based to student-based learning in nursing courses may be the key to increasing scores on the NCLEX-RN and other predictor examinations.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2019;58(1):42–46.]
Keeping It Contemporary: Ensuring Dynamism in an Online Population Health Course
Authors: Nersesian Paula V. , Spaulding Erin M. , Cudjoe Joycelyn , Starbird Laura E. , White Kathleen M. , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Population health is a dynamic area that nurses must grasp to meet the demands of the evolving health care system. Staying current on public health priorities, health policies, and population health analytic approaches poses a challenge for nurse educators.

Method:
This article describes strategies used by nurse educators in a prelicen-sure population health course for student engagement on contemporary population health issues and highlights opportunities to develop skills and build competencies to lead population health initiatives.

Results:
Innovations in course content, assignments, and evaluation strategies are useful in training nurses to thrive in health care systems addressing population health. Strategies to remain current on developments in the field promote population health competencies.

Conclusion:

Prelicensure nursing students can attain knowledge and skills in population health to prepare them to lead population health initiatives, analyze population-level data, provide care coordination, support complex patient groups, and optimize the use of research to promote evidence-based care.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(1):53–56.]
Changes in Astigmatism After Congenital Cataract Surgery and Foldable Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Spierer Abraham , Bar-Sela Shai 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the changes in astigmatism after cataract extraction and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens (IOL) in children. Only eyes with astigmatism of 3.0 D or more were included in the study.
Methods: The charts of children who had undergone surgery for nontraumatic cataract using a foldable IOL were retrospectively reviewed. In 13 eyes with astigmatism of 3.0 D or more, the refraction was tested and recorded at 1 week, 3 months, and 5 months postoperatively. A paired t test was used to compare the variables.
Results: Mean astigmatism 1 week postoperalively was 4.7 ± 1.9 D (range, 3.0-10.0 D). Thereafter, the astigmatic component of the refractive error underwent a spontaneous steady decline, reaching a mean value of 0.9 ± 0.9 D (range, 0-2.25 D) 5 months after surgery. The difference between the mean values at 1 week and 5 months was statistically significant (P < .0001).
Conclusion: Children who underwent congenital cataract surgery and IOL implantation showed a significant spontaneous reduction in astigmatism postoperatively.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:35-38.
Nrf2 Suppresses Allergic Lung Inflammation by Attenuating the Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Response
Authors: Nagashima Ryuichi , Kosai Hitomi , Masuo Masahiro , Izumiyama Keiko , Noshikawaji Taketo , Morimoto Motoko , Kumaki Satoru , Miyazaki Yasunari , Motohashi Hozumi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Keap1–Nrf2 system plays a pivotal role in the oxidative stress response by inducing a number of cytoprotective genes. Under stress, damaged epithelial cells release cytokines that activate type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), which mediate the allergic immune response. In this article, we investigated the role of the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway in ILC2 homeostasis and allergic inflammation using Nrf2 knockout mice. ILC2s from Nrf2-deficient mice showed a transient, upregulated IL-33 response and underwent hyperproliferation in response to a combined stimulation of IL-33 with IL-2, IL-7, or TSLP. This enhanced proliferation was correlated with an increased activation of downstream signals, including JAK1, Akt, and Erk1/2. In contrast, activating Nrf2 with a chemical inducer (CDDO-Im) decreased the viability of the wild-type but not of the Nrf2-deficient ILC2s. This effect on viability resembled that exerted by the corticosteroid dexamethasone; however, unlike the latter, the Nrf2-dependent cell death was mediated by neither caspase 3–dependent apoptosis nor necroptosis. Using a mouse intratracheal IL-33 administration allergy model, we found that the activation of Nrf2 by CDDO-Im in vivo decreased the number of pulmonary ILC2s and eosinophils. These findings indicated that Nrf2 is an important regulator of the allergic response by determining the survival and death of ILC2s, and these findings suggest that Nrf2 activation is a potential therapeutic strategy for steroid-resistant allergy alleviation.
Ambtelijke en bestuurlijke corruptie in Nederland; waar staan we anno 2018?
Authors: Nelen Hans , Kolthoff Emile 
Published: January 2019

Political and administrative corruption in the Netherlands; state of affairs 2018
The most recent extensive study on political and administrative corruption in The Netherlands dates back to 2005 (Huberts & Nelen, 2005). Afterwards various studies have been conducted on related subthemes and areas. In this contribution, the state of affairs regarding political and administrative corruption – and the responses to them – in The Netherlands in 2018 is described, based on the results of these studies. Starting with an overview of the nature and severity of political and administrative corruption, the focus shifts to relevant developments in the control and prevention of corruption, partly addressing the causes of the phenomenon.
Bladder Cancer in the Genomic Era
Authors: Guo Charles C. , Czerniak Bogdan 
Published: January 2019

Context.—Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease that exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical and pathologic features. The classification of bladder cancer has been traditionally based on morphologic assessment with the aid of immunohistochemistry. However, recent genomic studies have revealed that distinct alterations of DNA and RNA in bladder cancer may underlie its diverse clinicopathologic features, leading to a novel molecular classification of this common human cancer.Objective.—To update recent developments in genomic characterization of bladder cancer, which may shed insights on the molecular mechanisms underlying the origin of bladder cancer, dual-track oncogenic pathways, intrinsic molecular subtyping, and development of histologic variants.Data Sources.—Peer-reviewed literature retrieved from PubMed search and authors' own research.Conclusions.—Bladder cancer is likely to arise from different uroprogenitor cells through papillary/luminal and nonpapillary/basal tracks. The intrinsic molecular subtypes of bladder cancer referred to as luminal and basal exhibit distinct expression signatures, clinicopathologic features, and sensitivities to standard chemotherapy. Genomic characterization of bladder cancer provides new insights to understanding the biological nature of this complex disease, which may lead to more effective treatment.
La traduction vers une langue étrangère : compétences, attitudes, contexte social
Authors: Duběda Tomáš 
Published: January 2019

Nous explorons le problème de la traduction non native qui, malgré les risques qu’elle comporte, est fréquemment pratiquée dans de nombreuses cultures. Le contexte sociologique dans lequel ce type de traduction s’inscrit est appréhendé à travers le concept de « permissivité interculturelle », qui affecte les destinataires, les commanditaires, les agences aussi bien que les traducteurs. Pour évaluer et structurer les compétences des traducteurs tchèques relatives à la traduction non native, nous avons constitué un échantillon de 160 traductions (40 traducteurs ; deux groupes socioprofessionnels : étudiants avancés et professionnels de la traduction ; deux langues étrangères : anglais et français ; deux directions ; deux types de texte : publicitaire et juridique). L’analyse des compétences confirme l’hypothèse de la primauté de la traduction native, tout en indiquant que les textes spécialisés sont davantage compatibles avec la traduction non native que les textes à forte composante expressive. Selon les données recueillies, la qualité des traductions non natives n’augmente pas avec l’ancienneté du traducteur, à la différence des traductions natives. L’impact de l’expérience antérieure avec le type de texte en question reste difficile à évaluer.