bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase and Morphology Evolution Induced Lithium Storage Capacity Enhancement of Porous CoO Nanowires Intertwined with Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets
Authors: Jiang Yu , Jiang Zhongqing , Jiang Zhong‐Jie , Liu Meilin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA simple and cost‐effective process is developed for the synthesis of a high‐performance anode consisting of porous CoO nanowires intertwined with reduced graphene oxide sheets (CoO−NWs/rGO). When tested in a lithium‐ion battery, the CoO−NWs/rGO exhibits high initial reversible capacity (∼960 mAh g−1) and excellent rate capability. More importantly, its performance is further enhanced when CoO−NWs/rGO is discharged/charged for >100 cycles. For example, the specific capacity of the CoO−NWs/rGO can reach up to 1195 mAh g−1 after ∼130 cycles. This enhancement of the electrochemical performance of the CoO−NWs/rGO is attributed to two effects during the repeated discharge/charge cycling: a gradual evolution in morphology and crystal structure of electrode materials and the transformation of CoO onto the surface of rGO sheets. While the initial porous structure and the wire‐shaped morphology of CoO NWs may help to alleviate the strains/stresses induced by the volume change associated with cycling, they do not seem to be the primary attributes to the observed performance enhancement. The implication of this finding is very important to the rational design of high‐performance electrode materials: the equilibrium structure and morphology of electrode materials under repeated cycling conditions are far more important than the initial structure and morphology in designing nanostructured electrodes with desired performance and durability.
Bioinspired Transition‐Metal Complexes as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhao Ye‐Min , Yu Guo‐Qiang , Wang Fei‐Fei , Wei Ping‐Jie , Liu Jin‐Gang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most important reactions in life processes and energy conversion systems. To alleviate global warming and the energy crisis, the development of high‐performance electrocatalysts for the ORR for application in energy conversion and storage devices such as metal–air batteries and fuel cells is highly desirable. Inspired by the biological oxygen activation/reduction process associated with heme‐ and multicopper‐containing metalloenzymes, iron and copper‐based transition‐metal complexes have been extensively explored as ORR electrocatalysts. Herein, an outline into recent progress on non‐precious‐metal electrocatalysts for the ORR is provided; these electrocatalysts do not require pyrolysis treatment, which is regarded as desirable from the viewpoint of bioinspired molecular catalyst design, focusing on iron/cobalt macrocycles (porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and corroles) and copper complexes in which the ORR activity is tuned by ligand variation/substitution, the method of catalyst immobilization, and the underlying supporting materials. Current challenges and exciting imminent developments in bioinspired ORR electrocatalysts are summarized and proposed.
The Twisted Benzo[ghi]‐Perylenetriimide Dimer as a 3D Electron Acceptor for Fullerene‐Free Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Hung‐Cheng , Jiang Bing‐Huang , Hsu Chao‐Ping , Tsai Yao‐Yu , Jeng Ru‐Jong , Chen Chih‐Ping , Wong Ken‐Tsung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA series of twisted N,N‐linked benzo[ghi]‐perylenetriimide dimers (t‐BPTI) with various lengths of the α‐branched alkyl side chain at the six‐membered imide ring position was designed, synthesized, and characterized. These compounds showed the low‐lying LUMO energy level of −3.78 eV, which was similar to that of PC61BM (−3.71 eV), but with intensive optical absorption in the range 350–500 nm. The twisted molecular geometry with two nearly perpendicular BPTI planes achieved a favorable nanoscale phase separation by relieving the self‐aggregation of rigid BPTI units in blend films. The acceptor t‐BPTI‐3 unit with the longest alkyl side chains has been demonstrated to be an efficient electron acceptor in solution‐processed bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics (OPV), giving a power conversion efficiency of 3.68 % when using conjugated polymer PTB7‐Th as the donor and without additional treatments.
Bioinspired Architectures and Heteroatom Doping To Construct Metal‐Oxide‐Based Anode for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Qujiang , Zhou Lin , Sun Lianshan , Wang Chunli , Wu Yingqiang , Wang Xuxu , Wang Limin , Ming Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe pursuit of increased energy density and longer lifespan lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is urgently needed to satisfy a dramatically increased demand in the energy market. Currently, metal‐oxide‐based anodes are being intensively studied due to their higher capacities over current graphite anodes. This work introduces a sustainable strategy to construct a metal‐oxide‐based anode with high capacity and an extremely long lifecycle, in which the features of bioinspired architectures and heteroatom doping can contribute greatly to increased performances. In detail, 1D tubelike metal oxide (e.g., MnO) coated on an N‐doped carbon framework (i.e. MnO/N−C) has been designed by using the naturally abundant and renewable Metaplexis japonica fibers (MJFs) as the biotemplate and heteroatom source. Benefiting from the uniqueness of structure and compositions, as‐prepared MnO/N−C demonstrates extremely high rate capacities of 951, 777, 497, and 435 mAh g−1 at the rates of 0.5, 2, 4, and 5 Ag−1, respectively, with a good stability of more than 1000 cycles. It was found that the electrochemical performances are superior to most previous MnO‐based anodes, in which the faster kinetics of conversion due to the advantage of the ion/electron transportation and morphological evolution has been verified. It is hoped that the concept of bioinspired architectures with heteroatom doping can be applied in wider applications for increased capability.
In Vivo Anticancer Activity of a Nontoxic Inert Phenolato Titanium Complex: High Efficacy on Solid Tumors Alone and Combined with Platinum Drugs
Authors: Ganot Nitzan , Briaitbard Ori , Gammal Asaad , Tam Joseph , Hochman Jacob , Tshuva Edit Y. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDue to the toxicity of platinum compounds used in the clinic as anticancer chemotherapies, titanium serves as a safe and attractive alternative. Lately, we introduced a new family of Ti complexes based on readily available phenolato ligands, demonstrating incredibly high hydrolytic stability, with the lead compound phenolaTi demonstrating wide cytotoxic activity toward the NCI‐60 panel of human cancer cell lines, with an average GI50 value of 4.7±2 μm. Herein, we evaluated in vivo: a) the safety, and b) the growth inhibitory capacity (efficacy) of this compound. PhenolaTi was found to be effective in vivo against colon (CT‐26) and lung (LLC‐1) murine cell lines in syngeneic hosts and toward a human colon cancer (HT‐29) cell line in immune‐deficient (Nude) mice, with an efficacy similar to that of known chemotherapy. Notably, no clinical signs of toxicity were observed in the treated mice, namely, no effect on body weight, spleen weight or kidney function, unlike the effects observed with the positive control Pt drugs. Studies of combinations of phenolaTi and Pt drugs provided evidence that similar efficacy with decreased toxicity may be achieved, which is highly valuable for medicinal applications.
The use of neoadjuvant larotrectinib in the management of children with locally advanced TRK fusion sarcomas
Authors: DuBois Steven G. , Laetsch Theodore W. , Federman Noah , Turpin Brian K. , Albert Catherine M. , Nagasubramanian Ramamoorthy , Anderson Megan E. , Davis Jessica L. , Qamoos Hope E. , Reynolds Mark E. , Cruickshank Scott , Cox Michael C. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Mascarenhas Leo , Pappo Alberto S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe highly selective oral tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor larotrectinib has demonstrated significant activity in adult and pediatric TRK fusion cancers. In the current study, the authors describe the clinical course of children with locally advanced TRK fusion sarcoma who were treated preoperatively with larotrectinib and underwent subsequent surgical resection.MethodsA total of 24 children were treated on a pediatric phase 1 trial of larotrectinib (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02637687). Five children who had a documented TRK fusion sarcoma and underwent surgical resection were included in the current analysis. Tumor response (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors [RECIST] version 1.1) and surgical outcomes were collected prospectively.ResultsA total of 5 patients (median age, 2 years; range, 0.4‐12 years) had locally advanced infantile fibrosarcoma (3 patients) or soft‐tissue sarcoma (2 patients). Four patients had disease that was refractory to standard therapy. All 5 patients achieved a partial response to larotrectinib by version 1.1 of RECIST and underwent surgical resection after a median of 6 cycles (range, 4‐9 cycles) of treatment. Surgical resections were R0 (negative resection margins with no tumor at the inked resection margin) in 3 patients, R1 (microscopic residual tumor at the resection margin) in 1 patient, and R2 (macroscopic residual tumor at the resection margin) in 1 patient. Three patients achieved complete (2 patients) or near‐complete (>98% treatment effect; 1 patient) pathologic responses. These patients remained in follow‐up and were no longer receiving larotrectinib for a minimum of 7 to 15 months postoperatively. Two patients had viable tumor at the time of surgical resection and positive resection margins and continued to receive adjuvant larotrectinib. No patients experienced postoperative complications or wound healing issues.ConclusionsChildren with locally advanced TRK fusion sarcomas may proceed to surgical resection after treatment with the selective TRK inhibitor larotrectinib, thereby sparing them the potentially significant morbidity noted with current approaches. These results support the evaluation of larotrectinib as presurgical therapy in children with newly diagnosed TRK fusion sarcomas.
Color and visual complexity in abstract images
Authors: Kocaoğlu Rengin , Olguntürk Nilgün 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne of the more important aspects of vision is color perception, which involves aesthetic and psychological responses. The aim of this study is to understand the association between color and visual complexity in abstract images. It is hypothesized that, as the intelligibility of colors in an abstract image decreases, visual complexity and visual interest will increase until there is over unintelligibility where complexity and interest will decrease. In addition, as the difficulty in distinguishing the rules and the variety of colors used in images increases, visual complexity and visual interest will also increase. Abstract images are selected since they are independent from the visual references of the actual world, and are basics of art and architecture. The results revealed that images that were evaluated as visually complex and interesting were the ones that they had difficulty in finding a color harmony and indicate a huge variety of colors to the extent that differentiation between hues becomes very difficult.
Maximum of the Riemann Zeta Function on a Short Interval of the Critical Line
Authors: Arguin Louis‐Pierre , Belius David , Bourgade Paul , Radziwiłł Maksym , Soundararajan Kannan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe prove the leading order of a conjecture by Fyodorov, Hiary, and Keating about the maximum of the Riemann zeta function on random intervals along the critical line. More precisely, as T → ∞ for a set of t ∊ [T, 2T] of measure (1–o(1)) T, we have

urn:x-wiley:0010-3640:media:cpa21791:cpa21791-math-0001
© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meaning in life among adolescents: Factorial invariance of the purpose in life test and buffering effect on the relationship between emotional dysregulation and hopelessness
Authors: García‐Alandete Joaquín , Gallego Hernández de Tejada Blanca , Pérez Rodríguez Sandra , Marco‐Salvador José H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was threefold: first, to analyse the psychometric properties of a 10‐item Spanish version of the Purpose in Life Test, which assesses meaning in life (MiL), in a sample of community adolescents; second, to analyse the differences between the age and gender groups; and third, to analyse whether MiL buffers the relationship between emotional dysregulation and hopelessness.MethodParticipants were 1,599 adolescents from 12 to 19 years old, M = 15.69, SD = 2.14. The Purpose in Life Test‐10 Items, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale were used.ResultsA nine‐item version showed good fit, psychometric properties (internal consistency, construct, and concurrent validity), and factorial invariance across gender and age (12–15 years/16–19 years). Difference in MiL between boys and girls was not significant, whereas between age groups was significant. MiL had a strong buffering effect on the relationship between emotional dysregulation and hopelessness.DiscussionIt is desirable to promote the sense of MiL in adolescents. MiL plays a significant and strong mediator role in the relationship between emotional dysregulation and hopelessness, reinforcing the positive role of MiL in mental health and as a resource for facing adversity.
Self‐practice/self‐reflection as an alternative to personal training‐therapy in cognitive behavioural therapy training: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Chigwedere Craig , Thwaites Richard , Fitzmaurice Brian , Donohoe Gary 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe study examined the qualitative impact and credibility of self‐practice/self‐reflection (SP/SR).MethodsNineteen participants reflected on the self‐practice of cognitive behavioural therapy techniques. Written reflections were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsTwo superordinate themes (a) Personal‐self and (b) Therapist‐self, with themes and subthemes emerged.ConclusionThe themes found equivalents in existing goals of traditional therapists' training‐therapy. Though brief, SP/SR may be a credible alternative/adjunctive training‐therapy.
Diversity in the workplace: An overview of disability employment disclosures among UK firms
Authors: Khan Nadeem , Korac‐Kakabadse Nada , Skouloudis Antonis , Dimopoulos Andreas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPeople with disabilities (PWDs) defined as the world's largest minority stakeholder group continue to face significant barriers to labor market entry and corporate inclusion. The associated social and economic costs of supporting non‐working PWDs can be high and long term. Yet, their potential contribution and impact on human capital, firm productivity, and the innovative capacity of business entities are valuable but underutilized. The employment of PWDs has institutional and managerial implications for equitable opportunities, social mobility, and workplace diversity. This study assesses the quality of corporate disclosure on disability issues by firms in the United Kingdom, as a stepping stone for mainstreaming integration of PWDs into labor markets under the scope of corporate social accountability. We benchmark 274 UK sustainability reports against PWDs‐adapted indicators of the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines, highlighting trends pertaining to disability employment. The findings suggest that corporate disclosures on the employment of PWDs are lacking. The implications for PWDs are highlighted considering firm employee and managerial policies and national and transnational regulatory frameworks, towards more meaningful reporting for better alignment between PWD expectations and firm practices.
Biotic and Abiotic Synthesis of Renewable Aliphatic Polyesters from Short Building Blocks Obtained from Biotechnology
Authors: Debuissy Thibaud , Pollet Eric , Avérous Luc 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBiobased polymers have seen their attractiveness increase in recent decades thanks to the significant development of biorefineries to allow access to a wide variety of biobased building blocks. Polyesters are one of the best examples of the development of biobased polymers because most of them now have their monomers produced from renewable resources and are biodegradable. Currently, these polyesters are mainly produced by using traditional chemical catalysts and harsh conditions, but recently greener pathways with nontoxic enzymes as biocatalysts and mild conditions have shown great potential. Bacterial polyesters, such as poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHA), are the best example of the biotic production of high molar mass polymers. PHAs display a wide variety of macromolecular architectures, which allow a large range of applications. The present contribution aims to provide an overview of recent progress in studies on biobased polyesters, especially those made from short building blocks, synthesized through step‐growth polymerization. In addition, some important technical aspects of their syntheses through biotic or abiotic pathways have been detailed.
Necrobiome framework for bridging decomposition ecology of autotrophically and heterotrophically derived organic matter
Authors: Benbow M. Eric , Barton Philip S. , Ulyshen Michael D. , Beasley James C. , DeVault Travis L. , Strickland Michael S. , Tomberlin Jeffery K. , Jordan Heather R. , Pechal Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDecomposition contributes to global ecosystem function by contributing to nutrient recycling, energy flow, and limiting biomass accumulation. The decomposer organisms influencing this process form diverse, complex, and highly dynamic communities that often specialize on different plant or animal resources. Despite performing the same net role, there is a need to conceptually synthesize information on the structure and function of decomposer communities across the spectrum of dead plant and animal resources. A lack of synthesis has limited cross‐disciplinary learning and research in important areas of ecosystem and community ecology. Here we expound on the “necrobiome” concept and develop a framework describing the decomposer communities and their interactions associated with plant and animal resource types within multiple ecosystems. We outline the biotic structure and ecological functions of the necrobiome, along with how the necrobiome fits into a broader landscape and ecosystem context. The expanded necrobiome model provides a set of perspectives on decomposer communities across resource types, and conceptually unifies plant and animal decomposer communities into the same framework, while acknowledging key differences in processes and mechanisms. This framework is intended to raise awareness among researchers, and advance the construction of explicit, mechanistic hypotheses that further our understanding of decomposer community contributions to biodiversity, the structure and function of ecosystems, global nutrient recycling and energy flow.
Duration and onset of action of high dose U‐500 regular insulin in severely insulin resistant subjects with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shrestha Rupendra T. , Kumar Anjali F. , Taddese Abdisa , Khowaja Ameer A. , Moheet Amir , Olawsky Evan , Eberly Lynn E. , Seaquist Elizabeth R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimAlthough regular human U‐500 insulin (U‐500) is frequently used for insulin resistant type 2 diabetics, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in these individuals are lacking. We set out to determine the rate of onset, duration of action and total glucose lowering effect of two doses of U‐500 insulin in obese insulin resistant subjects with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsRandomized double‐blind crossover study was designed to study subjects who were administered either 100 or 200 units SQ of U‐500 insulin once and then were provided intravenous glucose as necessary to maintain euglycaemia.ResultsA total of 12 subjects were studied. The time during which intravenous glucose was required to maintain euglycaemia following a 200‐unit dose of U‐500 insulin was significantly greater than the time following a 100‐unit dose. No differences were found between doses in measures related to the rate of onset or in the total amount of intravenous glucose required to maintain euglycaemia for the duration of the study.ConclusionsThe duration of action of U‐500 increases when dose is increased from 100 to 200 units. Neither dose of U‐500 insulin has an onset of action before 2.5 hours after administration. This suggests that U‐500 should not be used as a premeal bolus insulin to lower glucose two hours after a meal and that dosing intervals might need to be extended as dose is increased to avoid hypoglycaemia.
Growth differentiation factor‐15 is not modified by sacubitril/valsartan and is an independent marker of risk in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: the PARADIGM‐HF trial
Authors: Bouabdallaoui Nadia , Claggett Brian , Zile Michael R. , McMurray John J.V. , O'Meara Eileen , Packer Milton , Prescott Margarett F. , Swedberg Karl , Solomon Scott D. , Rouleau Jean L. ,   for the PARADIGM‐HF Investigators and Committees
Published: September 2018

AimsGrowth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) is associated with adverse prognosis in cardiovascular (CV) and non‐CV diseases. We evaluated the association of GDF‐15 with CV and non‐CV outcomes in the PARADIGM‐HF trial.Methods and resultsIn 1935 patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in PARADIGM‐HF, median GDF‐15 values were elevated and similar in sacubitril/valsartan and enalapril patients (1626 ng/L and 1690 ng/L, respectively). Diabetes, age, creatinine, high‐sensitive troponin T, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, and New York Heart Association class III/IV were most strongly associated with elevated GDF‐15 values (all P < 0.001) (adjusted R2 = 0.3857). Baseline GDF‐15 and changes in GDF‐15 at both 1 month and 8 months (log‐transformed) were associated with subsequent mortality and CV events. Each 20% increment in baseline GDF‐15 value was associated with a higher risk of mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.18, P < 0.001], the combined endpoint of CV death or hospitalization for heart failure (adjusted HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05–1.14, P < 0.001) and heart failure death (adjusted HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05–1.28, P < 0.001). Changes in GDF‐15 were not influenced by assigned therapy (all P‐values ≥ 0.1).ConclusionIn patients with ambulatory HFrEF, GDF‐15 is not modified by sacubitril/valsartan and is strongly associated with mortality and CV outcomes, suggesting that GDF‐15 is a marker of poor outcomes in these patients.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01035255.
Tuning the Electron Acceptability of the [Mo6S8] Cluster Core by Decorating It with Methyl Groups on the Face‐Bridging µ3‐Sulfides
Authors: Matsumoto Takeshi , Namiki Ryoya , Chang Ho‐Chol 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Ho‐Chol Chang from Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan. The cover image shows the effect of ligand substitution on the electronic properties of the [Mo6S8] cluster core.