bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Psychological Well-Being in Children with Chronic Illness through Social Support Intervention in Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan Tuntungan
Authors: Nasution Indri Kemala , Daulay Debby Anggraini , Siregar Ade Rahmawati , Rangkuti Rahmi Putri , Yurliani Rahma , Marini Liza 
Published: September 2019

Chronic illness is a disorder/ disability due to medical conditions that are present continuously for 3 months or more which may affect the functioning of a child's life (Fritz & McQuaid in Wenar & Kerig, 2005). The effects of chronic illness and long-term treatment lead to individual psychological problems for children, such as feeling sad, withdrawing and other emotional problems. Poor psychological well-being conditions often exacerbate chronic childhood illness. Children become lazy to take medication and not obedient in doing treatment. The purpose of this devotion is to improve psychological well-being of children with chronic illness through social support interventions. This program will be carried out with a cadre of 3 partners who are nurses from Haji Adam Malik hospital. The nurses will be trained, so they can provide the social support for children during hospitalization to improve the psychological wellbeing of the children. After the training, social support interventions implementation module will be tested to 20 chronic illness children in Haji Adam Malik hospital with the nurse as a facilitator. While the team from Psychology Faculty will supervise the implementation and provide feedback.
PERANCANGAN ULANG DAN SIMULASI TATA LETAK FASILITAS PRODUKSI GRIPPER RUBBER SEAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA CORELAP, ALDEP, DAN FLEXSIM
Authors: Ukurta Tarigan  , Robby Simbolon  , Meilita T Sembiring  , Uni Pratama P Tarigan  , Nurhayati Sembiring  , Indah R Tarigan  
Published: September 2019

ABC adalah salah satu perusahaan yang berusaha di bidang manufaktur penghasil gripper rubber seal. Perusahaan ini memiliki masalah dalam tata letak lantai produksinya yaitu terdapat crossmovement dan jarak pada beberapa stasiun juga terlalu jauh yang menyebabkan aliran bahan terganggu. Permasalahan ini dapat diselesaikan dengan melakukan perbaikan tata letak lantai produksi menggunakan metode CORELAP dan ALDEP kemudian dilakukan simulasi dengan software Flexsim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang tata letak fasilitas usulan yang dapat meminimalkan jarak perpindahan bahan dengan membandingkan efisiensi momen perpindahan tataletak aktual dengan tataletak yang diusulkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya penurunan total momen perpindahan pada lantai produksi PT. ABC dari 14.495,08 meter/bulan menjadi 5930,19 meter/bulan dengan menggunakan algoritma CORELAP dan sebesar 7.369,7 meter/bulan pada algoritma ALDEP. Efisiensi jarak pada layout usulan juga meningkat dari 53,67% menjadi 93,74% pada algoritma CORELAP dan 78,18% pada algoritma ALDEP. Setelah dilakukan simulasi untuk mencari metode yang terbaik, didapatkan layout usulan yang terpilih merupakan layout hasil algoritma CORELAP dengan kilometers traveled per day 1,9 km/hari.
INOVASI BIROKRASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI DINAS PENANAMAN MODAL DAN PELAYANAN TERPADU SATU PINTU (DPMPTSP) DI KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN Studi Kasus : (Siap Antar Jemput Izin Mudah Berbantuan (SAJI MUBA))
Authors: Anggraini Tri 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan mengenai Inovasi Birokrasi Pelayanan Publik di Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan terpadu satu pintu (DPSMPTSP) di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin melalui Inovasi Siap Antar Jemput Izin Mudah Berbantuan atau disingkat SAJI MUBA. SAJI MUBA bertujuan untuk memudahkan masyarakat dalam mengurus Perizinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk Inovasi dan faktor pendukung dalam pelaksanaan Inovasi Birokrasi Pelayanan Publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Inovasi SAJI MUBA dilatar belakangi oleh luas wilayah Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin yang mencapai 14.265,9 ㎢ yang tersebar di 15 kecamatan, SAJI MUBA memiliki 4 Keunggulan antara lain HALLO SAJI yaitu Kontak yang diberikan bagi masyarakat untuk dapat menanyakan terkait dengan mekanisme, syarat, prosedur dan tarif retribusi terkait dengan perizinan. SAJI MAN yaitu Petugas khusus dari DPMPTSP yang bertugas mengantar dan menjemput izin secara langsung di 3 (tiga) Kecamatan. KANTONG SAJI tempat yang disediakan khusus oleh DPMPTSP yang terletak di 9 kecamatan dengan letak geografis yang jauh dari Ibukota Kabupaten yang digunakan bagi masyarakat yang telah melengkapi berkas dan siap untuk diproses, dan yang terkahir adalah SAJI ON SITE yaitu kebijakan yang menggandeng stakeolder yang terlibat dalam pemrosesan perizinan dan diperuntukkan bila syarat perizinan masyarakat belum lengkap. Adapun faktor pendukung yang menentukan pelaksanaan inovasi SAJI MUBA ini adalah adanya dukungan Bupati Musi Banyuasin dan stakeholder terkait dengan Peizinan di Wilayah Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin.
Chronic Effect Various Type of Exercises to Fasting Blood Glucose and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Machrina Yetty , Purba Ambrocious , Lindarto Dharma , Daulay Milahayati 
Published: September 2019

Exercise is non-pharmacological management for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type-2. Previous study found that both eerobic and interval training improved insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze the chronic effect various type of exercises to fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin resistance in DM type-2 model rats. It was an experimental study, twenty male Wistar rats, age 8 weeks, weight 150-180 gram as the object. Rats were given high fed diet for 4 weeks then injected streptozocin dose 30 mg/kgBB in citrate buffer pH 4.5 i.p, and 45 mg/kgBB at the following week. Groups were divided into i.e moderate continous training (MCT), severe continous training (SCT), slow interval training (SIT), and fast interval training (FIT). All groups were treated with ran on the treadmill three times a week for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were checked before and after intervention. Insulin resistance was determined by calculating HOMA-IR. Data analized with paired t-test (p<0,05). The results shown that all group significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance (p <0,05) after eight weeks exercise except insulin resistance in MCT group. Fasting blood glucose and insulin resistence post-test was found lowest in SIT groups in this study. In conclucions chronic effect of aerobic continous and aerobic interval in various intensity can decrease fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance in DM type-2 rat model. Slow interval training was the best exercise model to decrease insulin resistance.
The Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Adherence of Antihypertensive Consumption in Regular Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Lubis Afrilia Rosada , Muzasti Riri Andri 
Published: September 2019

Background. Based on the Indonesian Renal Registry (IRR) data in 2015, the highest incidence of comorbidities in hemodialysis patients in Indonesia was hypertension (50%). Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is one of the causes of secondary hypertension, the characteristics of hypertension in OSA are more resistant to treatment. One of the causes of resistant hypertension is patient non-compliance with the consumption of antihypertensive drugs.
Aim. To determine the relationship of adherence of consumption of antihypertensive drugs with obstructive sleep apnea in regular HD patients.
Method. This cross-sectional study involved 89 outpatients in HD units at the Rasyida Kidney Hospital in 2018. Data was obtained through interview using the STOP-BANG questionnaire to assess the of risk of OSA and using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) questionnaire to measure the compliance of drug consumption.
Results.The prevalence of OSA in HD patients was (39.3%). There was no significant relationship between adherence with drug consumption and OSA risk, but in bivariate analysis, age (p = 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.001), and gender (p = 0.03) were significantly related to OSA. In multivariate, age and BMI were significantly associated with OSA (OR: 6.449, 95% CI 2.246 ± 18.520, p = 0.001; OR: 6.130, 95% CI 2.105 ± 17.849, p = 0.001).
Conclusion. OSA was not statistically related to adherence to antihypertensive drug consumption in HD patients but was significantly associated with age and BMI.

Keyword. Adherence to antihypertensive consumption, hemodialysis, obstructive sleep apnea.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS MATERI LINGKUNGAN ALAM DAN LINGKUNGAN BUATAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) DI KELAS BAWAH DI SDN 11 TELAGA BIRU
Authors: Ano Hadidjah P 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas bawah SDN 11 Telaga Biru pada materi lingkungan alam dan lingkungan buatan. Berdasarkan penelitian, data pada siklus I menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 73,84%. Selanjutnya tetap dilakukan siklus II sebab masih terdapat siswa yang belum tuntas. Setelah dilakukan siklus II, nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 78,90%. Adapun aktivitas siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sebesar 60% menjadi 75%. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa penggunaan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa.
Kata kunci: hasil belajar, CTL
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU-GURU KELAS ATAS DALAM MEMBUAT BAHAN AJAR VISUAL MELALUI KKG DI SDN 2 TELAGA BIRU
Authors: Gobel Masri 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru kelas dalam membuat bahan ajar visual melalui kerja kelompok guru di SDN 2 Telaga Biru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan sekolah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pada tahap pengamatan awal, kemampuan guru dalam menguasai bahan ajar yaitu sebanyak 0% untuk kategori baik, 40% untuk kategori cukup dan 60% untuk kategori kurang baik. Setelah dilaksanakan siklus I, kemampuan guru dalam menguasai bahan ajar menjadi 60% untuk kategori baik, 40% untuk kategori cukup dan 0% untuk kategori kurang baik. Adapun pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan signifikan yakni 100% untuk kategori baik dan 0% untuk kategori lainnya.
Kata kunci: bahan ajar visual, kerja kelompok guru
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA MELALUI METODE PENEMUAN TERBIMBING SECARA KLASIKAL DI KELAS BAWAH SDN 6 TELAGA BIRU
Authors: Towalu Suriati Isa 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keterampilan proses peserta didik pada mata pelajaran IPA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, jumlah peserta didik yang memiliki hasil belajar kognitif dengan kategori baik sebanyak 48% pada siklus I dan 88% pada siklus II. Adapun jumlah siswa dengan keterampilan proses berkategori baik mengalami peningkatan dari 48% pada siklus I menjadi 88% pada siklus II. Sedangkan hasil belajar afektif siswa dengan kategori baik mengalami peningkatan dari 20% pada siklus I menjadi 92% pada siklus II.
Kata kunci: hasil belajar, keterampilan proses, metode penemuan terbimbing
PENERAPAN METODE RESITASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATERI MENULIS CERITA PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII A SMP NEGERI 1 SUWAWA
Authors: Samsudin Nulina 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian tindakan kelas. Tujuannya adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerita melalui penerapan metode resitasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Suwawa pada siswa kelas VII A dengan jumlah siswa 23 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, data siklus I menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar menulis siswa mencapai 74,30% dan pada siklus II nilai rata-rata hasil belajar menulis siswa mencapai 86,87 dengan siswa yang tuntass sebanyak 100%. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penggunaan metode resitasi dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar menulis cerita pada siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 1 Suwawa.
Kata kunci: metode resitasi, menulis cerita
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU-GURU KELAS ATAS PADA PENERAPAN MODEL PAKEM MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN DI SDN 11 TELAGA BIRU
Authors: Abdul Poppy 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru kelas atas dalam penerapan PAKEM (Pembelajaran Aktif, Kreatif, dan Menyenangkan). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan sekolah. Hasil penelitian pada siklus I menujukkan bahwa kompetensi guru dalam menerapkan model PAKEM pada mata pelajaran IPA sebesar 0% untuk kategori sangat baik, 0% untuk kategori baik, 75% untuk kategori cukup baik, 42,85% untuk kategori kurang baik, dan 14,28% untuk kategori tidak baik. Setelah dilakukan siklus II terjadi peningkatan kompetensi guru mata pelajaran IPA, yakni sebanyak 80% untuk kategori sangat baik, 75% untuk kategori baik serta 0% untuk kategori lainnya.
Kata kunci: PAKEM, pendampingan
Peningkatan Kinerja kepala sekolah Dalam pengelolaan kurikulum Melalui Supervisi manajerial di SMP Negeri 2 Satap Tilongkabila, dan SMP Negeri 2 Satap Suwawa Timur Kabupaten Bone Bolango
Authors: Patila Wisna Dani 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja kepala sekolah SMPN 2 Satap Tilongkabila dan SMPN 2 Satap Suwawa Timur dalam pengelolaan kurikulum melalui supervisi manajerial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan sekolah. Setelah diberikan tindakan sebanyak dua siklus, kinerja kepala sekolah dalam pengelolaan kurikulum mengalami peningkatan. Peningkatan dapat dilihat dari observasi awal yaitu sebesar 33,33% menjadi 83,33% di SMPN 2 Satap Tilongkabila. Lebih baik lagi peningkatannya di SMPN 2 Satap Suwawa Timur. Observasi awal sebesar 16,67% dan meningkat menjadi 100% di siklus kedua.
Kata kunci: peningkatan kinerja, pengelolaan kurikulum, supervisi manajerial
Presence of Antibodies Against Leptospira interrogans Serovar hardjo in Serum Samples from Cattle in Ukraine
Authors: PYSKUN ANTON , UKHOVSKYI VITALII , PYSKUN OLENA , NEDOSEKOV VITALII , KOVALENKO VYACHESLAV , NYCHYK SERHIY , SYTIUK MYKOLA , IWANIAK WOJCIECH 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article presents data on serological studies of 573 sera samples of cattle that were collected from the farms affected by leptospirosis in different regions of Ukraine in the period of 2014–2015. Samples were investigated by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), which was conducted within eight serological groups of Leptospira and nine serovars: Sejroe (serovars polonica and hardjo), Hebdomadis (serovar kabura), Tarassovi (serovar tarassovi), Pomona (serovar pomona), Grippotyphosa (serovar grippotyphosa), Canicola (serovar canicola), Icterohaemorrhagiae (serovar copenhageni), and Australis (serovar bratislava). The circulation of L. interrogans serovar hardjo among cattle has been observed in all 11 regions of Ukraine investigated within 25.8–60.0% of the leptospirosis-positive serum samples in these regions. Antibodies in the cattle sera against serovar hardjo (serogroup Sejroe) were detected in 139 of the 370 cows reacting positively in MAT. Overall, they were detected in 24.3% animals out of the total of 573 cows investigated. These are the preliminary results, however, in our opinion, they should allow to include the serovar hardjo in a standard panel of strains for MAT in Ukraine.
Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Emerging Fungal Species, Candida nivariensis, Isolated in a Teaching Hospital in Poland
Authors: SIKORA MAGDALENA , KUTHAN ROBERT , PISKORSKA-MALOLEPSZA KATARZYNA , GOLAS-PRADZYNSKA MARLENA , DOMAŃSKI DARIUSZ , AUGUSTYNOWICZ-KOPEĆ EWA , SWOBODA-KOPEC EWA 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The data on susceptibility to antifungals of new species within Candida glabrata complex are limited. Our study was to enrich a global knowledge of yeast epidemiology and drug resistance. The study was focused on the identification of species within clinical isolates of the C. glabrata complex and on the determination of their resistance to antifungals. Four hundred forty-five clinical C. glabrata sensu lato strains were isolated from different clinical samples at routine mycological exams at the Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital in Warsaw. The identification of the most of tested isolates to species complex level was performed using the ID 32 C system. The identification of C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis species within the C. glabrata complex was performed by DNA sequencing. The MICs of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin were determined by E-test. Twenty-four isolates did not have an ITS-1 region, characteristic of C. glabrata sensu stricto and their D1/D2 regions of the 26S rRNA were 99% homologous to C. nivariensis 26S rRNA. No strains of C. bracarensis were recovered. C. nivariensis strains were very susceptible to amphotericin B, anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin. Ninety-two percent of C. nivariensis were resistant to itraconazole. The halves of the strains was resistant to posaconazole. Eighty-three percent of C. nivariensis were susceptible to voriconazole. None of the tested strains were susceptible to fluconazole. In the present study, none of the C. nivariensis strains were simultaneously resistant to azoles and echinocandins. C. nivariensis should be recognized as an emerging pathogen, resistant to azoles.
Chemical Composition of Aspergillus creber Extract and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: SAKHRI AFAF , CHAOUCHE NOREDDINE KACEM , CATANIA MARIA ROSARIA , RITIENI ALBERTO , SANTINI ANTONELLO 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Among the species belonging to the Aspergillus section Versicolores, Aspergillus creber has been poorly studied and still unexplored for its biological activities. The present study was undertaken to analyze A. creber extract and to evaluate its in vitro antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activities. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of A. creber extract allowed the characterization of five known fungal metabolites including: asperlactone, emodin, sterigmatocystin, deoxybrevianamide E, and norsolorinic acid. The highest antimicrobial activity was displayed against Candida albicans, with a mean strongest inhibition zone of 20.6 ± 0.8 mm, followed by Gram-positive drug-resistant bacteria. The MIC values of A. creber extract varied from 0.325 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml. A. creber extract was shown a potent antioxidant activity and a high level of phenolic compounds by recording 89.28% scavenging effect for DPPH free radical, 92.93% in ABTS assay, and 85.76 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract in Folin-Ciocalteu assay. To our knowledge, this is the first study concerning biological and chemical activities of A. creber species. Based on the obtained results, A. creber could be a promising source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds.
Evaluation of the pol/S Gene Overlapping Mutations in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in Northern Cyprus
Authors: ARIKAN AYSE , SAYAN MURAT , SANLIDAG TAMER , SUER KAYA , AKCALI SINEM , GUVENIR MERYEM 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Mutations associated with the pol and the S gene can emerge as a consequence of the high replication capacity and proofreading deficiencies of hepatitis B virus during replication. The current study was constructed to evaluate primary, partial, compensatory and the escape mutations in chronic hepatitis B patients in Northern Cyprus. The samples of HBsAg positive treatment naïve 100 patients were involved in this study. HBV pol gene region was sequenced, amplified and HBV pol/S gene mutations were determined. The samples of thirty-two patients were excluded because of their low viral load (HBV < 1000 ıu/ml). Among the sequenced 68 samples, there was a partial mutation (1.5%) and 36.7% displayed a resistance profile to lamivudine, adevofir, and telbivudine. Immune response escape, vaccine escape, HBIg and diagnosis escape mutations were determined in 24%, 10%, 6%, and 4% samples of the patients, respectively. Additionally, there were six different combined mutations. These data underscored that there is no concern for primary mutations in Northern Cyprus, however, we have identified a compensatory mutation (rtV173M) that may have primary mutation characteristics by combining with other mutation patterns. Additionally, HBsAg escape mutants demonstrated that detection of the S gene together with the pol gene mutations might be beneficial and important to monitor the surveillance of S variants.
Evidence for Infections by the Same Strain of Beta 2-toxigenic Clostridium perfringens Type A Acquired in One Hospital Ward
Authors: SALAMON DOMINIKA , OCHOŃSKA DOROTA , WOJAK ILONA , MIKOŁAJCZYK EWA , BULANDA MAŁGORZATA , BRZYCHCZY-WŁOCH MONIKA 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study conducts a comparative phenotypic and genetic analysis of C. perfringens strains isolated from two patients hospitalized at the same time in 2017 in the surgical ward of the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Włocławek (Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province) who developed necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI). To explain the recurring cases of this infection, a comparative analysis was performed for these strains and the ones originating from infections recorded at the same hospital in three patients with gas gangrene in 2015. The two C. perfringens isolates studied in 2017 (8554/M/17 from patient No. 1 and 8567/M/17 from patient No. 2) had identical biochemical profiles. A comparison of research results using multiplex PCR from 2017 with a genetic analysis of strains from 2015 enabled us to demonstrate that the strains currently studied have the genes encoding the same toxins (α and β2) as the two strains analyzed in 2015: no. 7143 (patient No. 3) and no. 7149 (patient No. 2). A comparative analysis of the strain profiles obtained with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in 2017 with the results from 2015 has found one identical and genetically unique restriction profile, corresponding to one clone of C. perfringens comprising of two strains: no. 8567/M/17 (patient No. 2 in 2017) and no. 7143 (patient No. 3 in 2015). The epidemiological data and detailed analysis of the course of both events suggest that this clone of C. perfringens possibly survived in adverse conditions of the external environment in the operating block of this hospital for many months.
Purification, Characterization and Inhibition of Alanine Racemase from a Pathogenic Strain of Streptococcus iniae
Authors: MUHAMMAD MURTALA , LI YANGYANG , GONG SIYU , SHI YANMIN , JU JIANSONG , ZHAO BAOHUA , LIU DONG 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Streptococcus iniae is a pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria that impacted high mortality to many fish species as well as capable of causing serious disease to humans. Alanine racemase (Alr, EC 5.1.1.1) is a pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP)-containing homodimeric enzyme that catalyzes the racemization of L-alanine and D-alanine. In this study, we purified alanine racemase from S. iniae that was isolated from an infected Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), as well as determined its biochemical characteristics and inhibitors. The alr gene has an open reading frame (ORF) of 1107 bp, encoding a protein of 369 amino acids, which has a molecular mass of 40 kDa. The enzyme has optimal activity at a temperature of 35°C and a pH of 9.5. It belongs to the PLP-dependent enzymes family and is highly specific to L-alanine. S. iniae Alr (SiAlr) could be inhibited by some metal ions, hydroxylamine and dithiothreitol (DTT). The kinetic parameters K

m
and V

max
of the enzyme were 33.11 mM, 2426 units/mg for L-alanine, and 14.36 mM, 963.6 units/mg for D-alanine. Finally, the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values and antibiotic activity of two alanine racemase inhibitors (homogentisic acid and hydroquinone), were determined and found to be effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria employed in this study.