bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAIMUNDO JOSÉ DE SOUSA GAIOSO E OS 200 ANOS DA PUBLICAÇÃO DO COMPáŠNDIO HISTÓRICO-POLáTICO DOS PRINCáPIOS DA LAVOURA DO MARANHAÌƒO (1818): notas bibliográficas
Authors: BASáLIO ROMáRIO SAMPAIO 
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo apresento e analiso traços biobibliográficos acerca de Raimundo José de Sousa Gaioso, autor da obra Compêndio histórico-polá­tico dos princá­pios da lavoura do MaranhaÌƒo, publicada postumamente em 1818. Aos duzentos anos da publicação, apresento os principais aspectos da obra-mestra do português, vista como uma das mais importantes publicações sobre o Maranhão do primeiro quartel do século XIX. Questiono os principais vestá­gios da trajetória do lavrador assim como o ambiente biográfico em torno das principais ideias da memória. Discuto o constante discurso subserviente latente na obra e insiro o personagem no campo intelectual em que estava inserido, bem como sua condição de classe.Palavras-chave: Maranhão. Burocratas. Memórias. Economia polá­tica.RAIMUNDO JOSÉ DE SOUSA GAIOSO AND THE 200TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PUBLICATION OF ”COMPáŠNDIO HISTÓRICO-POLáTICO DOS PRINCáPIOS DA LAVOURA DO MARANHáƒO” (1818): bio-bibliographical notes Abstract: In this paper, bio-bibliographical elements about Raimundo José de Sousa Gaioso, the author of the book Compêndio histórico-polá­tico dos princá­pios da lavoura do Maranhão, will be presented and analyzed. This work was published posthumously in 1818. Two hundred years after the publication of this book, It will be presented the main aspects of the masterpiece of this Portuguese author, one of the most important publications about the Province of Maranhão in the first quarter of the 19th century. It will be questioned the main vestiges of the peasant”™s path besides his biographical environment about the main memory ideas. It will be discussed the constant subservient position in the book and insert the character within Gaioso”™s intellectual field as well as his class condition. Keywords: Maranhão. Bureaucrats. Memories. Political Economy. RAIMUNDO JOSÉ DE SOUSA GAIOSO Y LOS 200 Aá‘OS DE LA PUBLICACIÓN DEL COMPáŠNDIO HISTÓRICO-POLáTICO DOS PRINCáPIOS DA LAVOURA DO MARANHAÌƒO (1818): notas biobliográficas Resumen: En este artá­culo presento y analizo rastros biobibliográficos sobre Raimundo José de Sousa Gaioso, autor del Compêndio histórico-polá­tico dos princá­pios da lavoura do MaranhaÌƒo publicado póstumamente en 1818. Después de doscientos años de haber sido publicado, intento presentar los aspectos principales de la obra maestra del portugués, como una de las más importantes publicaciones sobre Maranhão del primer cuarto del siglo XIX. Cuestiono los principales vestigios de la trayectoria del labrador asá­ como el ambiente biográfico en torno a las principales ideas de la memoria. Discuto el constante discurso subordinado y latente en la obra e inserto al personaje en el campo intelectual al que perteneció, asá­ como su condición de clase. Palabras clave: Maranhão. Burócratas. Memorias. Polá­tica económica.
PENSAR O DITO E O SILENCIADO: Representações da escravidão na historiografia
Authors: FERREIRA CELESTE SILVA 
Published: November 2018

As transformações historiográficas ocorridas no final do século XX causaram uma reviravolta metodológica na análise da documentação referente a sujeitos escravizados. Correspondências oficiais ou pessoais, inquéritos, processos judiciais, testamentos, inventários, jornais, diários, enfim, todo um conjunto documental passou a ser visto com novos olhares e possibilidades interpretativas a partir do que se convencionou chamar de ”virada linguá­stica”. Desta feita, este trabalho traz reflexões sobre a escravidão em suas múltiplas representações empreendida pela historiografia brasileira.Palavras-chave: Escravidão. Representação. Historiografia. THINKING THE SPOKEN AND THE SILENCED: Representations of slavery in historiographyAbstract: The historiographical transformations occurred in the late 20th century caused a methodological upheaval in the analysis of the documentation related to enslaved subjects. Official and personal correspondence, surveys, legal proceedings, wills, inventories, newspapers, journals, and finally a whole series of documents began to materialize with new perspectives and possibilities for interpretation of what has been purported as "linguistic turn". This account, this work brings reflections on the slavery in its multiple representations undertaken by Brazilian historiography.Keywords: Slavery. Representation. Historiography. PENSAR LO HABLADO Y LO SILENCIADO: Representaciones de la esclavitud en la historiografá­aResumen: Las transformaciones historiográficas ocurridas a finales del siglo XX causaron un cambio metodológico en el análisis de la documentación referente a sujetos esclavizados. Correspondencias oficiales o personales, investigaciones, procesos judiciales, testamentos, inventarios, periódicos, diarios, o sea, todo un conjunto documental pasó a ser visto con nuevas miradas y posibilidades interpretativas a partir de lo que se ha convenido llamar de ”giro lingá¼á­stico”. De ese modo, este trabajo trae reflexiones sobre la esclavitud en sus múltiples representaciones emprendida por la historiografá­a brasileña.Palabras clave: Esclavitud. Representación. Historiografá­a.
Traditional body care of women in Madura Island
Authors: Putri Ririn Arisa , Graham-Davies Sharyn , Artaria Myrtati Dyah 
Published: November 2018

Most of Indonesian family systems adhere to the patriarchy system, in which the husband has the authority to make decision. It is also the case in Prenduan Village in Sumenep region in Madura Island. This research aimed to know how the body care in Prenduan women in Madura, and how the women’s view upon their body cares. It is interesting to see the point of view of women in Madura, whether they do it for themselves, or forthe husbands. This is a qualitative research. We used in-depth interviews and observation to gather the data. We find that body care of Prenduan women in Sumenep, Madura Island has the purpose to make the husband happy and satisfied. For teenage girls, the purpose is for their health, and to prepare them so that they can function well in their family when they get married. They consider using traditional potion is better than those of modern medication made of chemical materials. The focus of the body care practice is the position of a woman as a partner, who is in the position to make the husband happy and satisfied, and also to take care of the family well, in which among the Madura women it is considered as an honor to have such role.
Comparative study between intrathecal dexmedetomidine and intrathecal magnesium sulfate in prevention of post spinal shivering in uroscopic surgery. (RCT)
Authors: Omar Heba , Eldin Mona Hossam , Aboella Wessam Adel , Abdelhamid Bassant Mohamed , Hassan Passaint , Hassan Mohamed Mahmoud , Hassan Amany , Elshall Ahmed , Khalid Dalia , Mostafa Maha , Wedad Mai 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Hypothermia and shivering are associated common complications after spinal anesthesia especially in uroscopic procedures when large amounts of cold intraluminal irrigating fluids are used. Among all adjuvants that have been used in literatures for shivering management, magnesium sulphate and dexmedetomidine were the most effective with least side effects. Our aim of the study is to compare the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine versus intrathecal magnesium sulfate in prevention of post spinal shivering.
Methods: This prospective randomized, double-blinded controlled study was conducted at Kasr El-Aini Hospital from September 2017 till April 2018, on 105 patients scheduled for uroscopic surgeries. 105 patients were randomly allocated into three groups using computerized generated random tables, Group C (n=35) received 2.5 ml hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (12.5 mg) +0.5 ml normal saline, Group M (n=35) received 2.5 ml hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (12.5 mg) +25 mg magnesium sulfate and Group D (n=35) received 2.5 ml hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (12.5mg) + 5 μg dexmedetomidine in 0.5 ml saline. Primary outcomes were the incidence and intensity of shivering. Secondary outcomes were incidence of hypothermia (Temp < 36° C), sedation, the use of pethidine to control shivering and complications as hypotension, bradycardia, nausea and vomiting.
Results: C group showed statistically significant higher number of total patients who developed shivering (21), patients who developed grade IV shivering (20) and patients who needed pethidine (21) to treat shivering than M group (8,5,5) and D group (5,3,6) which were comparable to each other.
Time needed to give pethidine after giving the block was similar in the three groups. Hypothermia didn’t occur in any patient in the three groups.
The three groups were comparable regarding occurrence of nausea, vomiting, bradycardia & hypotension. All patients of C group, 32 patients in M group and 33 patients in D group had sedation score of 2. 3 patients in M group and 2 patients in D group had a sedation score of 3.
Conclusions: intrathecal injection of dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate in spinal anesthesia were both effective in reducing the incidence of post spinal shivering. So, we encourage the use of magnesium sulphate being more physiological, readily available in most operating theatres and much cheaper than dexmedetomidine.
Clinical trial registration ID: PACTR201801003001727
Evaluation of Endothelial Biomarkers on the Prognosis of Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Yu , Tu Kun-Hua , Tsai Feng-Chun , Nan Yu-Yun , Fan Pei-Chun , Chang Chih-Hsiang , Tian  , Fang Ji-Tseng , Yang Chih-Wei , Chen Yung-Chang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is often used in critical patients with severe myocardial failure. However, acute kidney injury (AKI) commonly occurs in patients on ECMO and usually brings about poor outcome. Recent studies suggest that renal vascular endothelial cell injury participates in the extent and maintenance of AKI. This study aimed to determine whether the endothelial biomarkers could serve as prognostic factors for the outcome of patients on ECMO.
Methods: This prospective study enrolled total 23 critically ill patients on veno-arterial ECMO in the intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital between March 2014 and February 2015. Serum samples were tested for thrombomodulin, angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were also collected.
Results: The overall mortality rate was 56.5%. The combination of Ang-2 at the time of ECMO support (day 0) and VEGF at day 2 had modest prognostic ability of discriminating mortality (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.854; 95% confidence interval: 0.645-0.965).
Conclusions: In this study, we found that the combination of Ang-2 at day 0 and VEGF at day 2 was a modest model for mortality discrimination in this group of patients.
Prognostic models for ambulatory recovery functions in acute ischemic stroke patients with thrombolysis therapy
Authors: Scalise Matthew , Gainey Jordan , Bailes Benjamin , Brecthtel Leanne , Conn Zachary , Iftikhar Irraj , Nathaniel Thomas I 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background. The purpose of this study was to develop models to predict the recovery of ambulatory functions taking into account the capability of the motor system to functionally reorganize in response to thrombolysis therapy.
Methods. We predicted ambulatory functions recovery using retrospective data from a stroke registry of acute ischemic stroke patients who received thrombolysis therapy. Multivariate regression was used to construct the models. Multicollinearity and significant interactions were examined using variance inflation factors, while a Cox & Snell classification were applied to check the fitness of each model.
Results. The models correctly predicted clinical variables that were associated with an improvement or non-improvement in functional ambulatory outcome. Broca’s aphasia (OR = 2.270, P = 0.002, CI =1.34-3.83) was associated with improved functional outcome at discharge, while patients aged 80 years or older (OR = 0.942, P = <0.001, CI =0.92-0.96), patients with congestive heart failure (OR = 0.496, P = 0.040, CI = 0.25-0.97), higher NIHSS (OR=0.876, P = 0.001, CI = 0.80-0.95), taking antihypertensive medication (OR = 0.436, P = 0.023, CI = 0.21-0.89) were not associated with improved ambulatory functional outcome with thrombolysis. The discriminating ability for the model was 74.2% for the total population, 71.7% for the rtPA group, and 72.2% for the no-rtPA group indicating strong performance.
Conclusion. Prognostic models that can predict improved functional ambulatory outcome in thrombolysis therapy can be beneficial in the care of stroke patients. Our models predicted improved functional recovery of Broca’s aphasia after thrombolysis therapy, suggesting a future potential to evaluate motor speech area after stroke.
DEVLET TEORİSİ’NDE TARİHİN YERİ: BİR KURGUDAN HİKÂYE, BİR HİKÂYEDEN HAKİKAT YARATMAK
Authors: SAYGILI Abdurrahman 
Published: November 2018

Devlet teorisi, kamu hukukunun inceleme alanı
içindedir. Devlet kuramını anlamak için, ilk önce, onun inceleme yöntemini
tayin etmek gerekir. Bu yöntemin oluşturulmasında tarih öncü bir rol oynar. Dolayısıyla tarih nedir? sorusuna verilecek olan cevap oldukça önemlidir. Tarih
geçmişin bir çeşit kazıbilimidir, onun araştırılması ve soruşturulmasıdır. Öte
yandan devleti inceleyenler, geleneksel bir inceleme metodu olarak tarihsel bir
doğru izlerler. Tarihi sanki hep ilerlemeden ibaretmiş gibi algılayan bu
anlayış, tarihi bir süreklilik olarak görür. Oysa tarihe düz bir çizgi ya da
süreklilik olarak değil, süreksizliklerden oluşan, geri gidişler, yani tarihsel
sıçrayışlarla anlaşılabilecek bir söylem tarzıyla yaklaşılabilir. Dolayısıyla
devleti anlamak için bir metodolojiye ihtiyaç duyulur. Devleti sadece hukuksal
kurumları üzerinden anlamak yerine, onun tarihini, doğasını ve iktidar ile
ilişkisini anlamak gerekir. İşte bu devleti incelemenin metodolojisidir. Tarihçi somut vakalar üzerinden incelemeler yapmalı; konuyu araştırıp,
çözümledikten sonra belgelere de dayanarak sahici hikâyeler anlatmalıdır. Bu çalışma, Michel Foucault’un hukuk üzerine kimi düşüncelerine
değinerek ve tarih kavramı üzerine eleştirel bir sorgulama izleği kurarak bu
metodolojinin temel yapı taşını belirlemeyi hedeflemektedir.
GÖÇ, YOKSULLUK ve İNSAN HAKLARI
Authors: KANSU KARADAĞ Akasya 
Published: November 2018

Kapitalizmin
egemenliği altındaki günümüz dünyasında göç ve yoksulluk birbirini etkileyen
iki güncel olgudur. Küreselleşen dünyada yoksulluk göçe, göç de yoksulluğa yol
açmaktadır. Göçmenler kendi ülkelerinden
yoksulluk nedeniyle göç etmekte göçtükleri ülkelerde bu sefer yoksulluk ve
yoksulluğun bir türü olan yoksunluğa düşmektedirler. Göçmenler yeni
ikametgahlarında sosyal dışlanma, şiddet, gettolaşma, marjinalleşme, toplumsal
cinsiyet ayrımcılığı gibi bir dizi haksızlığa uğramaktadır. Ulus devletler göçmenlerin
yoksulluk ve yoksunları karşısında yasal düzenlemeleri sosyal adaleti sağlamak
amacıyla değil kendi güvenlik kaygıları kapsamında yerine getirmektedirler.
Kendi vatandaşları için sosyal hakların korunması bakımından son derece duyarlı
olan ülkelerin göçmenlerin sosyal hakları söz konusu olduğunda sessiz
kaldıkları görülmektedir. Sosyal hakları korunmayan göçmenlerin her geçen gün
dünyanın dört bir yanında yoksulluğun değişik biçimlerine maruz kaldıkları bir
gerçektir. Rekabetçi kapitalizmin yayılmasıyla göçmenlerin sosyal haklarının
ihlal edilmesi sorunsalı çözümsüz bir hal almaktadır. Söz konusu çalışma ile
göç ve yoksulluk ikiliğinde göçmenlerin insan haklarının yerini sorgulamak,
yoksulluğun ve yoksunluğun ortadan kaldırılmasındaki temel etkenlerin ortaya
çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır.
AO-BBO: A Novel Optimization Algorithm and Its Application in Plant Drug Extraction
Authors: Lv Bote , Chen Juan , Liu Boyan , Dong Cuiying 
Published: November 2018

<P>Introduction: It is well-known that the biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm lacks searching power in some circumstances. </P><P> Material & Methods: In order to address this issue, an adaptive opposition-based biogeography-based optimization algorithm (AO-BBO) is proposed. Based on the BBO algorithm and opposite learning strategy, this algorithm chooses different opposite learning probabilities for each individual according to the habitat suitability index (HSI), so as to avoid elite individuals from returning to local optimal solution. Meanwhile, the proposed method is tested in 9 benchmark functions respectively. </P><P> Result: The results show that the improved AO-BBO algorithm can improve the population diversity better and enhance the search ability of the global optimal solution. The global exploration capability, convergence rate and convergence accuracy have been significantly improved. Eventually, the algorithm is applied to the parameter optimization of soft-sensing model in plant medicine extraction rate.Conclusion:The simulation results show that the model obtained by this method has higher prediction accuracy and generalization ability.</P>
Sex-Specific Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase in a Military Cohort: The CHIEF Study
Authors: Lin Jia-Wei , Tsai Kun-Zhe , Chen Kai-Wen , Su Fang-Ying , Li Yi-Hwei , Lin Yen-Po , Han Chih-Lu , Lin Felicia , Lin Yu-Kai , Hsieh Chung-Bao , Lin Gen-Min 
Published: November 2018

Aim:
The study was conducted in order to examine the sex-specific association of serum
uric acid (SUA) levels with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in a Taiwanese military
cohort.

Methods:
We made a cross-sectional examination of the sex-specific relationship using 6728 men and
766 women, aged 18-50 years from a large military cohort in Taiwan. SUA levels within the reference
range (<7.0 mg/dL for men and <5.7 mg/dL for women respectively) were divided into quartiles and
SUA levels greater than the upper reference limits were defined as hyperuricemia. Elevated ALT levels
were defined as ≥40 U/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the
association between each SUA category and elevated ALT levels in men and women, respectively.

Results:
The prevalence of hyperuricemia and elevated ALT in men were 18.7% and 12.7%, respectively,
and in women were 3.3% and 2.1%, respectively. As compared with the lowest SUA quartile,
hyperuricemia was associated with elevated ALT in men (odds ratios (OR): 1.62, 95% confidence
intervals (CI): 1.19-2.20) after controlling for age, service specialty, body mass index, metabolic syndrome
components, current cigarette smoking, alcohol intake status, and weekly exercise times, but the
associations for the other SUA quartiles were null. By contrast, the associations of hyperuricemia (OR:
0.81, 95% CI: 0.10-6.64) and the other SUA quartiles with elevated ALT were null in women.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that the relationship between each SUA level and elevated ALT may
differ by sex among military young adults. The mechanism for the sex difference requires further investigations.
Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Metabolic Syndrome: Lessons from Animal Models
Authors: Singh Himadri , Pragasam Samuel Joshua , Venkatesan Vijayalakshmi 
Published: November 2018

Background:Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of medical conditions that synergistically increase the risk of heart diseases and diabetes. The current treatment strategy for metabolic syndrome focuses on treating its individual components. A highly effective agent for metabolic syndrome has yet to be developed. To develop a target for metabolic syndrome, the mechanism encompassing different organs - nervous system, pancreas, skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue - needs to be understood. Many animal models have been developed to understand the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Promising molecular targets have emerged while characterizing these animals. Modulating these targets is expected to treat some components of metabolic syndrome.Objective:o discuss the emerging molecular targets in an animal model of metabolic syndrome.Methods:A literature search was performed for the retrieval of relevant articles.Conclusion:Multiple genes/pathways that play important role in the development of Metabolic Syndrome are discussed.
Unequal Absorption of Radiolabeled and Nonradiolabeled Drug from the Oral Dose Leads to Incorrect Estimates of Drug Absorption and Circulating Metabolites in a Mass Balance Study
Authors: Takahashi Ryan H. , Chang Jae H. , Pang Jodie , Liang Xiaorong , Ma Shuguang 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Mass balance studies conducted using radiolabeled material (14C or 3H) definitively
characterize the Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion (AME) of a drug. A critical aspect of
these studies is that the radiotracer maintains its proportion to total drug from its administration to its
complete elimination from the body. In the study of GDC-0276 in beagle dogs, we observed that the
14C radiotracer proportion (specific activity) varied through the study.

Method:
High resolution-accurate mass spectrometric measurements of 12C and 14C isotopes of GDC-
0276 and its metabolites in plasma and excreta samples were used to determine the apparent specific
activities, which were higher than the specific activity of the dosing formulation. Drug concentrations
were adjusted to the observed specific activities to correct the readouts for GDC-0276 AME and PK.

Results:
The enrichment of 14C, which resulted in higher specific activities, was consistent with faster
and more extensive absorption of the radiotracer from the dosing formulation. This resulted in overestimating
the dose absorbed, the extent of elimination in urine and bile, and the exposures to circulating
metabolites. These biases were corrected by the specific activities determined for study samples by
mass spectrometry.

Conclusion:
Assuming that the radiotracer was proportional to total drug throughout a radiolabeled
study was not valid in a 14C study in beagle dogs. This presumably resulted from unequal absorption of
the radiotracer and nonradiolabeled test articles from the oral dose due to inequivalent solid forms. We
were able to provide a more accurate description of the AME of GDC-0276 in dogs by characterizing
the differential absorption of the radiotracer.