bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous acceptability of a moisturizing cream in subjects with sensitive skin
Authors: Snatchfold Jane 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundTopical cosmetic products can cause adverse reactions in some individuals, particularly those with sensitive skin who may develop irritations or allergic contact dermatitis. Evidence suggests that the frequency of self‐reported sensitive skin is increasing in the general population, placing greater importance on clinical testing of topical cosmetics for potential skin reactivity.ObjectivesTo confirm the cutaneous acceptability under normal conditions of use of a moisturizing cream in individuals with sensitive skin.MethodsThis was a prospective, single‐center, open‐label, noncomparative clinical trial conducted in female subjects aged 18‐60 years with Fitzpatrick skin phototype I‐IV and confirmed sensitive skin. Subjects applied the moisturizer twice daily to the body and/or face for 21 ± 2 days. Product acceptability was based on the occurrence of adverse events, investigator assessment of skin adverse reactions, and subjects’ self‐reported feelings of skin discomfort.ResultsThirty‐five female subjects initiated and completed the study; mean age was 43.2 years and most (89%) had Fitzpatrick skin phototype I‐III. No adverse events or skin adverse reactions of erythema, edema, or skin desquamation were observed. There were no participant reports of skin dryness, prickling, or stinging on any occasion. One subject reported a single event of mild itching, which was considered by the investigator as probably not related to study product.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the moisturizing cream was well tolerated under normal conditions of use and appropriate for topical use on sensitive skin.
Biofilm formation – what we can learn from recent developments
Authors: Bjarnsholt T. , Buhlin K. , Dufrêne Y. F. , Gomelsky M. , Moroni A. , Ramstedt M. , Rumbaugh K. P. , Schulte T. , Sun L. , Åkerlund B. , Römling U. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough biofilms have been observed early in the history of microbial research, their impact has only recently been fully recognized. Biofilm infections, which contribute to up to 80% of human microbial infections, are associated with common human disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and poor dental hygiene, but also with medical implants. The associated chronic infections such as wound infections, dental caries and periodontitis significantly enhance morbidity, affect quality of life and can aid development of follow‐up diseases such as cancer. Biofilm infections remain challenging to treat and antibiotic monotherapy is often insufficient, although some rediscovered traditional compounds have shown surprising efficiency. Innovative anti‐biofilm strategies include application of anti‐biofilm small molecules, intrinsic or external stimulation of production of reactive molecules, utilization of materials with antimicrobial properties and dispersion of biofilms by digestion of the extracellular matrix, also in combination with physical biofilm breakdown. Although basic principles of biofilm formation have been deciphered, the molecular understanding of the formation and structural organization of various types of biofilms has just begun to emerge. Basic studies of biofilm physiology have also resulted in an unexpected discovery of cyclic dinucleotide second messengers that are involved in interkingdom crosstalk via specific mammalian receptors. These findings even open up new venues for exploring novel anti‐biofilm strategies.
Effect of Light‐Cured Resin Cement Application on Translucency of Ceramic Veneers and Light Transmission of LED Polymerization Units
Authors: Zhang Lei , Luo Xiao Ping , Tan Ren Xiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of light‐cured resin cement application based on etching and silanization on the translucent property of ceramic veneers in different thicknesses, testing the hypothesis that the surface treatment and subsequent resin cement application could influence the translucency of ceramic veneers. The relationship between translucency of ceramic veneers and light transmission irradiated by LED polymerization units was also determined.Materials and Methods40 specimens (10 mm diameter) were fabricated from IPS e.max Press HT A2 ceramic ingots, and polished to 0.3 ± 0.01 mm, 0.5 ± 0.01 mm, 0.7 ± 0.01 mm, 1.0 ± 0.01 mm, and 1.5 ± 0.01 mm thick (n = 8/group). One surface of each disc was etched with HF acid, silanized with Monobond‐S, and applied with a light‐cured resin cement (Variolink N Transparent Base). Before and after the above procedure, the total luminous transmittance (τ) of all specimens was assessed by a spectrophotometer in a wavelength range of 380‐780 nm. A handheld radiometer was used to measure the light intensity irradiated by three LED polymerization units. Light transmission (LT) through ceramic specimens after resin cement application was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using two‐way ANOVA (p = 0.05) and Tukey's test. The correlation between translucency (τ) of ceramic veneers after resin cement application and light transmission (LT) of curing units was statistically evaluated using Spearman correlation test (p = 0.05).ResultsWith the increase of ceramic thickness, the transmittance decreased significantly (p < 0.05). For the 0.3‐mm, 0.5‐mm, and 0.7‐mm‐thick groups, the transmittance of ceramic specimens was statistically significantly lower after resin cement application (p < 0.05). The r value of Bluephase C8 was 0.988, 0.977 for Bluphase, and 0.883 for Bluephase 20i, indicating that the light transmission (LT%) was positively correlated to the translucency of ceramic veneers, regardless of the type of curing units.ConclusionAfter the light‐cured resin cement application based on etching and silanization, the ceramic veneers (less than 0.7‐mm thick) were less translucent, and the translucency decreased when the thickness increased. Because of the lower translucency of ceramic veneers, the light intensity of LED units transmitted to resin layer would decrease when curing.
Effects of New Generation All‐Ceramic and Provisional Materials on Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Atay Ayşe , Gürdal Işıl , Bozok Çetıntas Vildan , Üşümez Aslıhan , Cal Ebru 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of seven new‐generation all‐ceramic materials for CAD/CAM (Lava Ultimate [LU], VITA Mark II [VM], InCoris TZI [IC], IPS e.max CAD [EM], VITA Suprinity [VS], Cerasmart [CS], IPS Empress CAD [EC]) and six provisional materials (Protemp 4 [PT], Telio CAD [TC], CAD‐Temp [CT], Telio Lab [TL], Temdent Classic [TD], Telio CS C&B [TS]) on L929 mouse fibroblast cells.Materials and Methods24 disc‐shaped specimens (∅ = 5 mm, h = 2 mm) were prepared from each test material. Medium extracts were collected at the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days for each group and tested using the L929 cell line. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using XTT assay, and apoptosis was determined by Annexin‐V/PI staining. Data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA, Tukey's multiple comparison tests at a significance level of p < 0.05.ResultsThe cell viability results among all‐ceramic material groups after the 1st and 7th days of incubation periods showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). There were significant differences within the ceramic groups in different incubation periods regarding apoptosis rate (p < 0.05). Throughout the entire test period, LU and VM from the CAD/CAM all‐ceramic materials and PT and TC from the provisional restoration materials showed cell viability higher than 90%. EC and TD showed the lowest cell viability and highest apoptosis rates in their own groups. For the provisional materials, there were significant differences in cell viability and apoptosis rate in all the incubation periods for each material (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough some new‐generation CAD/CAM and provisional restoration materials display slight cytotoxicity values, the results are still within the reliable range, and they can safely be used in clinical conditions.
Molecular diagnosis for a Tamarix species from two reclaimed lands along the Yellow Sea in Korea inferred from genome wide SNP markers
Authors: Lee Soo‐Rang , Gaskin John F. , Kim Young‐Dong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of related taxa are important for understanding the biology of a species. Also, spatial distribution of genetic variation may offer insights into history of range shifts and demographic changes. The genus Tamarix L. from the Old World is a taxonomically challenging group that has widely expanded its range in the recent past. We examined genomic diversity patterns and the taxonomic identities of Korean Tamarix species whose taxonomy has remained unresolved. We used a total of 1773 SNP data from genotyping by sequencing for 37 Tamarix plants representing two species; T. chinensis and T. ramosissima to infer species delimitation and the geographic distribution of genomic diversity. Clustering (STRUCTURE; PCA, neighbor joining) and phylogenetic tree results indicated that the two morphologically similar species T. chinensis and T. ramosissima are genetically distinct and the two Korean populations (Sihwa & Songdo) are clustered closely with T. chinensis. Approximate Bayesian Computation based hypothesis testing results suggested that one of the two Korean populations, Songdo might have primarily been derived from the native area, China, followed by range expansion to Sihwa with a secondary admixture event between an established population, Songdo, and a native population, Beijing.
Cold thermal oral stimulation produces immediate excitability in human pharyngeal motor cortex
Authors: Magara J. , Watanabe M. , Tsujimura T. , Hamdy S. , Inoue M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundCurrent strategies of swallowing therapy include facilitation of swallowing initiation by sensory modulation. Although thermal tactile oral stimulation is a common method to treat dysphagic patients to improve swallowing movement, little is known about the possible mechanisms. This study is aimed to investigate whether thermal oral (tongue) stimulation can modulate the cortico‐pharyngeal neural motor pathway in humans.MethodsEighteen healthy volunteers participated and were intubated with an intraluminal catheter for recording pharyngeal electromyography. Each participant underwent baseline transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) cortico‐pharyngeal motor evoked potential (MEP) measurements bilaterally. MEPs were then measured during thermal stimulation over the dorsal tongue, applied using the Peltier device at three different temperatures; 45°C, 37°C, and 15°C, in a pre‐ordered manner. Each of the three temperatures was given twice with a 5‐min resting time between each trial. Averaged MEP amplitude changes were analyzed using ANOVA and post‐hoc t‐tests.Key ResultsTwo‐way repeated measures ANOVA with factors of Temperature × Trial in amplitude of MEP demonstrated a significant effect of Temperature both in the stronger (F2,34 = 5.775, P = .007) and weaker (F2,34 = 4.771, P = .017) pharyngeal hemispheres. Subsequent post‐hoc tests showed the significant increase in pharyngeal MEPs at 15° compared to 37° in both hemispheres (P < .05).Conclusions & InferencesCold oral stimulation was able to induce significant changes in pharyngeal cortical excitability, demonstrating evidence for a sensorimotor interaction between oral and pharyngeal cortical areas.
Chicago Classification normative metrics in a healthy Indian cohort for a 16‐channel water‐perfused high‐resolution esophageal manometry system
Authors: Srinivas M. , Jain M. , Bawane P. , Jayanthi V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) interpretation by the Chicago Classification (CC) derives its normal values from western volunteers using solid‐state catheters. There is no normative data for the 16‐channel water‐perfused HREM system commonly used in India.AimsTo determine normal values for a 16‐channel water‐perfused HREM catheter in supine posture using healthy volunteers and substitute these normal values (if different from CC values) in the CC v3.0 algorithm.MethodsAfter ethics approval and informed consent, 53 volunteers (31 men) with no gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or medications affecting GI motility underwent HREM by standard protocol. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and manometry parameters analyzed using Trace 1.3.3 software were collected. The median, range, and 5, 10, 75, and 95 percentiles (where applicable) were obtained for all HREM metrics. Normal value percentiles were defined as 95th (integrated relaxation pressure [IRP]), 10th‐100th (distal contractile integral [DCI]), and minimum (distal latency [DL]).ResultsThe mean age was 30 years and the BMI was 24.2 kg m−2. Compared to CC, our normal metrics were lower for IRP (13 mm Hg) and DCI (350‐4500 mm Hg s cm). DCI >4500 and <70 (<5th percentile) were defined as hypercontractile and failed contraction, respectively. Abnormal DL (<4.5 s) and peristaltic break size (>5 cm) were similar to CC metrics. Applying these metrics, CC diagnoses changed in 15% (8/53) with downgrading of ineffective motility to fragmented peristalsis or normal, due to lower DCI cutoff used.ConclusionsThis is the first report of normative data for the 16‐channel water‐perfused system in supine posture. It revealed lower IRP and DCI, necessitating modification of CC cutoffs for this system.
Allocation, morphology, physiology, architecture: the multiple facets of plant above‐ and below‐ground responses to resource stress
Authors: Freschet Grégoire T. , Violle Cyrille , Bourget Malo Y. , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Fort Florian 
Published: June 2018

Summary

Plants respond to resource stress by changing multiple aspects of their biomass allocation, morphology, physiology and architecture. To date, we lack an integrated view of the relative importance of these plastic responses in alleviating resource stress and of the consistency/variability of these responses among species.

We subjected nine species (legumes, forbs and graminoids) to nitrogen and/or light shortages and measured 11 above‐ground and below‐ground trait adjustments critical in the alleviation of these stresses (plus several underlying traits).

Nine traits out of 11 showed adjustments that improved plants’ potential capacity to acquire the limiting resource at a given time. Above ground, aspects of plasticity in allocation, morphology, physiology and architecture all appeared important in improving light capture, whereas below ground, plasticity in allocation and physiology were most critical to improving nitrogen acquisition. Six traits out of 11 showed substantial heterogeneity in species plasticity, with little structuration of these differences within trait covariation syndromes.

Such comprehensive assessment of the complex nature of phenotypic responses of plants to multiple stress factors, and the comparison of plant responses across multiple species, makes a clear case for the high (but largely overlooked) diversity of potential plastic responses of plants, and for the need to explore the potential rules structuring them.
Losing a winner: thermal stress and local pressures outweigh the positive effects of ocean acidification for tropical seagrasses
Authors: Collier Catherine J. , Langlois Lucas , Ow Yan , Johansson Charlotte , Giammusso Manuela , Adams Matthew P. , O'Brien Katherine R. , Uthicke Sven 
Published: June 2018

Summary

Seagrasses are globally important coastal habitat‐forming species, yet it is unknown how seagrasses respond to the combined pressures of ocean acidification and warming of sea surface temperature.

We exposed three tropical species of seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis, and Zostera muelleri) to increasing temperature (21, 25, 30, and 35°C) and pCO2 (401, 1014, and 1949 μatm) for 7 wk in mesocosms using a controlled factorial design. Shoot density and leaf extension rates were recorded, and plant productivity and respiration were measured at increasing light levels (photosynthesis–irradiance curves) using oxygen optodes.

Shoot density, growth, photosynthetic rates, and plant‐scale net productivity occurred at 25°C or 30°C under saturating light levels. High pCO2 enhanced maximum net productivity for Z. muelleri, but not in other species. Z. muelleri was the most thermally tolerant as it maintained positive net production to 35°C, yet for the other species there was a sharp decline in productivity, growth, and shoot density at 35°C, which was exacerbated by pCO2.

These results suggest that thermal stress will not be offset by ocean acidification during future extreme heat events and challenges the current hypothesis that tropical seagrass will be a ‘winner’ under future climate change conditions.
Modelling trends including effects of natural disturbance in an abalone dive fishery in Australia
Authors: Gorfine Harry , Thomson Jim , Spring Daniel , Cleland Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFisheries management strategies usually do not consider secondary consequences of environmental shocks. A recent viral disease outbreak that decimated blacklip abalone populations in southern Australia had a much smaller impact on the region's less‐abundant greenlip abalone populations. Decreases in total allowable commercial catch (TACC) for blacklip abalone were partially offset by a transient increase in greenlip abalone TACC that peaked in 2010 and reduced to zero in 2013. A hypothesis that the greenlip abalone stock had declined was supported by a Bayesian analysis of catch rates (catch per unit effort, CPUE, as a proxy for biomass). The estimated decline is consistent with depletion of the relatively small and fragmented greenlip stock as an indirect consequence of the disease impact. Our analysis demonstrates a need to jointly monitor and manage substitute fisheries when one of the fisheries experiences depletion as a result of a natural disturbance event.Considerations for Management
Hierarchical Bayesian models can determine whether a shock to a natural resource indirectly affects related resources via a transfer of exploitation effort;

Greenlip abalone stocks in western Victoria were generally poor in quality and infrequently exploited prior to the disease outbreak. Their low productivity rendered them vulnerable to the sudden increase in exploitation pressure, which could not be sustained once CPUE declined to 40–50 kg h−1, after which fishing activity ceased;

A CPUE of 40 kg h−1 could be a precautionary limit reference point for triggering future greenlip abalone fishery closures;

An increase in greenlip abalone legal minimum length (LML) to at least 140 mm would improve quality and profit;

It is important to protect substitute resources from secondary exploitation when imposing restrictions on exploitation of resources that are adversely impacted by natural disturbance events.
A multicentre study of 268 cases of calcifying odontogenic cysts and a literature review
Authors: de Arruda José Alcides A , Schuch Lauren F , Abreu Lucas G , Silva Leni Verônica O , Monteiro João Luiz GC , Pinho Rodrigo FC , Silva Leorik P , de Sousa Suzana COM , de Andrade Bruno Augusto B , Romañach Mario José , de QC Lourenço Simone , Batista Aline C , de Mendonça Elismauro Francisco , Martins Manoela D , Rados Pantelis V , Rivero Elena RC , de Souza Lélia B , Pinheiro Maria das GR , Gomes Ana Paula N , Vasconcelos Ana Carolina U , Sobral Ana Paula V , Mesquita Ricardo A 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the frequency of calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs) that have been submitted for microscopic examination from representative geographic regions of Brazil and to compare it with literature data.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on biopsies obtained from 1953 to 2016 at 10 Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. A total of 198,350 biopsy specimens were analysed. Demographic data and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated descriptively and statistically. In addition, a literature review of case series was carried out in four electronic databases.ResultsA total of 268 cases of COC were surveyed, representing 0.1% of the oral lesions at the centres studied. Female patients in their second decade of life and the maxilla were more affected. The mean lesion size of symptomatic individuals was larger than that of cases without symptoms (p = 0.026). The literature review showed a higher frequency in Asia and Europe, mainly affecting men in the third decade of life.ConclusionsCOC is a rare lesion. Novel data on the clinicopathological features of 268 cases have been added to the literature. Data regarding gender and age of the Brazilian patients reported herein contrast with findings of case series and retrospective studies reported elsewhere.
FITNESS, a CCT domain‐containing protein, deregulates reactive oxygen species levels and leads to fine‐tuning trade‐offs between reproductive success and defence responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Osella Ana Virginia , Mengarelli Diego Alberto , Mateos Julieta , Dong Shuchao , Yanovsky Marcelo J. , Balazadeh Salma , Valle Estela Marta , Zanor María Inés 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEnvironmental stresses are the major factors that limit productivity in plants. Here, we report on the function of an uncharacterized gene At1g07050, encoding a CCT domain‐containing protein, from Arabidopsis thaliana. At1g07050 expression is highly repressed by oxidative stress. We used metabolomics, biochemical, and genomic approaches to analyse performance of transgenic lines with altered expression of At1g07050 under normal and oxidative stress conditions. At1g07050 overexpressing lines showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas knock‐out mutants exhibited decreased levels of ROS and higher tolerance to oxidative stress generated in the chloroplast. Our results uncover a role for At1g07050 in cellular redox homeostasis controlling H2O2 levels, due to changes in enzymes, metabolites, and transcripts related to ROS detoxification. Therefore, we call this gene FITNESS. Additionally, several genes such as ACD6, PCC1, and ICS1 related to salicylic acid signalling and defence were found differentially expressed among the lines. Notably, FITNESS absence significantly improved seed yield suggesting an effective fine‐tuning trade‐off between reproductive success and defence responses.
Genome‐wide association study reveals novel players in defense hormone crosstalk in Arabidopsis
Authors: Proietti Silvia , Caarls Lotte , Coolen Silvia , Van Pelt Johan A. , Van Wees Saskia C.M. , Pieterse Corné M.J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractJasmonic acid (JA) regulates plant defenses against necrotrophic pathogens and insect herbivores. Salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) can antagonize JA‐regulated defenses, thereby modulating pathogen or insect resistance. We performed a genome‐wide association (GWA) study on natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana for the effect of SA and ABA on the JA pathway. We treated 349 Arabidopsis accessions with methyl JA (MeJA), or a combination of MeJA and either SA or ABA, after which expression of the JA‐responsive marker gene PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2) was quantified as a readout for GWA analysis. Both hormones antagonized MeJA‐induced PDF1.2 in the majority of the accessions but with a large variation in magnitude. GWA mapping of the SA‐ and ABA‐affected PDF1.2 expression data revealed loci associated with crosstalk. GLYI4 (encoding a glyoxalase) and ARR11 (encoding an Arabidopsis response regulator involved in cytokinin signalling) were confirmed by T‐DNA insertion mutant analysis to affect SA–JA crosstalk and resistance against the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea. In addition, At1g16310 (encoding a cation efflux family protein) was confirmed to affect ABA–JA crosstalk and susceptibility to Mamestra brassicae herbivory. Collectively, this GWA study identified novel players in JA hormone crosstalk with potential roles in the regulation of pathogen or insect resistance.