bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight Observation of Simultaneously Enhanced CO Tolerance and Stability of Pt Electrocatalysts Decorated with Oxygen Vacancy Rich Cerium Oxide
Authors: Yu Xinxin , Luo Fang , Yang Zehui , Zhang Quan , Ling Ying , Cai Weiwei , Cheng Hansong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh and stable catalytic activity for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and CO tolerance are essential for anodic electrocatalysts in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Here, we report a new method to simultaneously boost the CO tolerance as well as MOR stability of a Pt electrocatalyst by decoration with cerium oxide (CeOx). Detailed mechanistic investigations revealed that CeOx decoration can significantly improve the MOR stability of the Pt electrocatalyst due to the formation of Pt−O−Ce bonds ascribed to the high number of oxygen vacancies of CeOx. The simultaneously improved CO anti‐poisoning property of the CeOx decorated Pt electrocatalyst is resulting from Ce(OH)3, which is formed by the adsorption of water to CeOx. Ce(OH)3 could accelerate the formation of Pt(OH)ads species to recover CO poisoned Pt nanoparticles. At the same time, the CO species could also be oxidized by the lattice oxygen from CeOx. The fuel cell performance of the CeOx decorated Pt electrocatalyst is therefore higher than that of bare Pt electrocatalyst.
Cover Picture: Building up 1‐D, 2‐D, and 3‐D Polyiodide Frameworks by Finely Tuning the Size of Aryls on Ar‐S‐TTF in the Charge‐Transfer (CT) Complexes of Ar‐S‐TTFs and Iodine (Chin. J. Chem. 9/2018)
Authors: Ma Longfei , Peng Haili , Lu Xiaofeng , Liu Lei , Shao Xiangfeng 
Published: August 2018

The cover picture shows The arylthio‐substituted tetrathiafulvalenes (Ar‐S‐TTFs) are electron donors having three reversible states, neutral, cation radical, and dication. The charge‐transfer (CT) between Ar‐S‐TTFs and iodine (I2) occurs in solution, whereas the Ar‐S‐TTFs are partially at cation radical state. In CT complexes of Ar‐S‐TTFs with I2, the charged states of Ar‐S‐TTFs are distinctly increased, say, the dicationic state is observed. The iodine components in CT complexes show various structures including 1‐D polymeric chain, and 2‐D and 3‐D iodine networks. More details are discussed in the article by Shao et al. on page 845–850.
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Inside Cover: Structural Designs for Accommodating Volume Expansion in Sodium Ion Batteries (Chin. J. Chem. 9/2018)
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Zhu Xiaohui , Zhang Yujing , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Qin , Fu Lei 
Published: August 2018

The inside cover picture shows that four effective routes are applied to the anode material to help it keep fit, which is out of shape due to the intake of sodium ions. As a result, the sodium ion batteries (SIBs) with this anode exhibit high electrochemical performances, so that they tend to meet the demand for large‐scale energy storage devices. In this review, four strategies based on structural designs are summarized in order to accommodate volume changes of anode materials in SIBs, including nanoarchitecture configuration, buffer matrix protection, cavity volume reservation, and interlayer spacing regulation. More details are discussed in the review by Fu et al. on page 866–874.
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Preparation of Pyrimidine Alkenyl Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonoamidates
Authors: Pileggi Elisa , Serpi Michaela , Pertusati Fabrizio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis synthetic protocol describes two strategies for the preparation of pyrimidine alkenyl acyclic nucleoside phosphonoamidates (ANPs), including linear and trisubstituted alkenyl derivatives. For the first procedure, a bis‐trimethylsilyl ester of the parent alkenyl ANPs is the key intermediate that reacts with the desired amino acid ester and aryl alcohol. For the second procedure, an allyl phosphonoamidate bearing the ProTide promoieties is the key synthon employed as olefin partner for a cross‐metathesis reaction with an alkylated nucleobase. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sequence Similarity Searching
Authors: Hu Gang , Kurgan Lukasz 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSequence similarity searching has become an important part of the daily routine of molecular biologists, bioinformaticians and biophysicists. With the rapidly growing sequence databanks, this computational approach is commonly applied to determine functions and structures of unannotated sequences, to investigate relationships between sequences, and to construct phylogenetic trees. We introduce arguably the most popular BLAST‐based family of the sequence similarity search tools. We explain basic concepts related to the sequence alignment and demonstrate how to search the current databanks using Web site versions of BLASTP, PSI‐BLAST and BLASTN. We also describe the standalone BLAST+ tool. Moreover, this unit discusses the inputs, parameter settings and outputs of these tools. Lastly, we cover recent advances in the sequence similarity searching, focusing on the fast MMseqs2 method. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A systematic review of reviews of neurocognitive functioning in eating disorders: The state‐of‐the‐literature and future directions
Authors: Smith Kathryn E. , Mason Tyler B. , Johnson Jeffrey S. , Lavender Jason M. , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveIn recent years there has been increasing clinical and empirical interest in neurocognitive functioning in eating disorders (EDs), which has resulted in numerous quantitative and qualitative reviews. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive synthesis or critical review of this literature to identify future directions to advance the field in this area. Therefore the aim of this systematic review of systematic reviews was to (a) characterize the existing literature on neurocognitive functioning in EDs based on recent reviews (i.e., published since 2010), (b) describe related limitations, and (c) suggest avenues for future research to address gaps in the current literature.MethodElectronic databases were queried for reviews of neurocognitive domains (i.e., inhibitory control, decision‐making, central coherence, set‐shifting, working memory, and attention bias) in EDs, which identified 28 systematic and meta‐analytic reviews.ResultsBroadly, the literature indicates deficits across these neurocognitive domains in EDs, though heterogeneity was noted in the magnitude of these effects, which varied to some extent across ED subtypes, sample characteristics, and methodological approaches.DiscussionWhile these reviews have generally suggested varying patterns of neurocognitive deficits across EDs, there remain critical limitations regarding the methodological quality of these studies (e.g., the lack of prospective designs, consideration of confounding influences, or examination of interrelationships between neurocognitive domains and relationships between neurocognition and other relevant behavioral constructs). Specifically, we outline 10 key areas that are imperative to address in future research in this area in order to move our field forward.
Invigorating hydrological research through journal publications
Authors: Quinn Nevil , Blöschl Günter , Bárdossy András , Castellarin Attilio , Clark Martyn , Cudennec Christophe , Koutsoyiannis Demetris , Lall Upmanu , Lichner Lubomir , Parajka Juraj , Peters‐Lidard Christa D. , Sander Graham , Savenije Hubert , Smettem Keith , Vereecken Harry , Viglione Alberto , Willems Patrick , Wood Andy , Woods Ross , Xu Chong‐Yu , Zehe Erwin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEditors of several journals in the field of hydrology met during the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union—EGU in Vienna in April 2017. This event was a follow‐up of similar meetings held in 2013 and 2015. These meetings enable the group of editors to review the current status of the journals and the publication process and to share thoughts on future strategies. Journals were represented at the 2017 meeting by their editors, as shown in the list of authors. The main points on invigorating hydrological research through journal publications are communicated in this joint editorial published in the above journals.
Antiproliferative potential of miR‐33a in laryngeal cancer Hep‐2 cells via targeting PIM1
Authors: Karatas Omer Faruk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundLaryngeal cancer is a frequent cause of cancer‐associated mortality worldwide with an overall poor prognosis along with high mortality rates. Therefore, comprehensive investigation of underlying molecular mechanisms of laryngeal carcinogenesis remains an important problem.MethodsIn this study, proliferative and apoptotic features of Hep‐2 cells overexpressing microRNA‐33a (miR‐33a) were evaluated and in silico analysis along with literature search was used to find putative targets of miR‐33a. The potential of PIM1 (pim‐1 oncogene) as a direct target of miR‐33a was tested using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and luciferase assay.ResultsInduced miR‐33a expression significantly inhibited proliferation through inducing apoptosis of Hep‐2 cells. Further in vitro tests showed downregulation of PIM1 in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein level upon miR‐33a overexpression and confirmed PIM1 as a direct target of miR‐33a.ConclusionsMir‐33a was demonstrated to act as a tumor suppressor in larnygeal cancer via directly targeting the 3′ untranslated region of PIM1.
Transcriptome analysis of papillary thyroid cancer harboring telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation
Authors: Chien Ming‐Nan , Yang Po‐Sheng , Hsu Yi‐Chiung , Liu Tsang‐Pai , Lee Jie‐Jen , Cheng Shih‐Ping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundTelomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations have recently been identified as an important prognostic factor in thyroid cancer. Studies suggest that TERT may have noncanonical functions beyond telomere maintenance.MethodsClinicopathological information and transcriptome data for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for potential confounding variables between the TERT promoter wild‐type group and the mutant group. Gene expression data of 36 patients in the mutant group were systemically compared to those of 72 patients in the wild‐type group.ResultsTumors with TERT promoter mutations had a higher TERT expression. Pathways central to DNA damage responses and cell cycle regulation were significantly enriched among 888 upregulated genes. Transporter and metabolic activities were overrepresented among 799 downregulated genes. There was no difference in the expression of most of the thyroid differentiation genes.ConclusionThe TERT promoter mutations were associated with proliferative and metabolic alterations in PTC.
Electrospun fibroin/polyurethane hybrid meshes: Manufacturing, characterization, and potentialities as substrates for haemodialysis arteriovenous grafts
Authors: van Uden Sebastião , Catto Valentina , Perotto Giovanni , Athanassiou Athanassia , Redaelli Alberto C. L. , Greco Francesco G. , Riboldi Stefania A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSeveral attempts made so far to combine silk fibroin and polyurethane, in order to prepare scaffolds encompassing the bioactivity of the former with the elasticity of the latter, suffer from critical drawbacks concerning industrial and clinical applicability (e.g., separation of phases upon processing, use of solvents unaddressed by the European Pharmacopoeia, and use of degradable polyurethanes). Overcoming these limitations, in this study, we report the successful blending of regenerated silk fibroin with a medical‐grade, non‐degradable polyurethane using formic acid and dichloromethane, and the manufacturing of hybrid, semi‐degradable electrospun tubular meshes with different ratios of the two materials. Physicochemical analyses demonstrated the maintenance of the characteristic features of fibroin and polyurethane upon solubilization, blending, electrospinning, and postprocessing with ethanol or methanol. Envisioning their possible application as semidegradable substrates for haemodialysis arteriovenous grafts, tubular meshes were further characterized, showing submicrometric fibrous morphologies, tunable mechanical properties, permeability before and after puncture in the same order of magnitude as commercial grafts currently used in the clinics. Results demonstrate the potential of this material for the development of hybrid, new‐generation vascular grafts with disruptive potential in the field of in situ tissue engineering. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 807–817, 2019.
Teriparatide Treatment Increases Mineral Content and Volume in Cortical and Trabecular Bone of Iliac Crest: A Comparison of Infrared Imaging With X-Ray–Based Bone Assessment Techniques
Authors: Paschalis Eleftherios P , Krege John H , Gamsjaeger Sonja , Eriksen Erik F , Burr David B , Disch Damon P , Stepan Jan J , Fahrleitner-Pammer Astrid , Klaushofer Klaus , Marin Fernando , Pavo Imre 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Teriparatide increases bone mass primarily through remodeling of older or damaged bone and abundant replacement with new mineralizing bone. This post hoc analysis investigated whether dual-energy X-ray absorptiometric (DXA) areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measurement adequately reflects changes of mineral and organic matrix content in cortical and trabecular bone. Paired biopsies and aBMD measurements were obtained before and at end of 2 years of teriparatide treatment from postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who were either alendronate pretreated (mean, 57.5 months) or osteoporosis-treatment naive. Biopsies were assessed by micro–computed tomography (μCT) to calculate mean cortical width (Ct.Wi), cortical area (Ct.Ar), and trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV). Fourier transformed infrared imaging (pixel size ∼6.3 × 6.3 μm2) was utilized to calculate mineral and organic matrix density (mean absorption/pixel), as well as total mineral and organic contents of cortical and cancellous compartments (sum of all pixels in the compartment). Effect of pretreatment over time was analyzed using mixed model repeated measures. μCT derived Ct.Wi and BV/TV increased, accompanied by similar increases in the overall mineral contents of their respective bone compartments. Mineral density did not change. Marked increases in the total content of both mineral and organic matrix associated with volumetric growth in both compartments consistently exceeded those of aBMD. Increases in organic matrix exceeded increases in mineral content in both cortical and trabecular compartments. For percent changes, only change in Ct.Wi correlated to change in femoral neck aBMD (r = .38, p = 0.043), whereas no other significant correlations of Ct.Wi or BV/TV with lumbar spine, total hip, or femoral neck aBMD were demonstrable. These data indicate that 2 years of teriparatide treatment leads to an increased bone organic matrix and mineral content in the iliac crest. The magnitude of these increases in the iliac crest were not detected with conventional aBMD measurements at other skeletal sites. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Modelling concentration gradients in fed‐batch cultivations of E. coli – towards the flexible design of scale‐down experiments
Authors: Anane Emmanuel , Sawatzki Annina , Neubauer Peter , Cruz‐Bournazou Mariano Nicolas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe impact of concentration gradients in large industrial‐scale bioreactors on microbial physiology can be studied in scale‐down bioreactors. However, scale‐down systems pose several challenges in construction, operation and footprint. Therefore, it is challenging to implement them in emerging technologies for bioprocess development, such as in high throughput cultivation platforms. In this study, a mechanistic model of a two‐compartment scale‐down bioreactor is developed. Simulations from this model are then used as bases for a pulse‐based scale‐down bioreactor suitable for application in parallel cultivation systems.RESULTSAs an application, the pulse‐based system model was used to study the misincorporation of non‐canonical branched‐chain amino acids into recombinant pre‐proinsulin expressed in Escherichia coli, as a response to oscillations in glucose and dissolved oxygen concentrations. The results show significant accumulation of overflow metabolites, up to 18.3% loss in product yield and up to 10‐fold accumulation of the non‐canonical amino acids norvaline and norleucine in the product in the pulse‐based cultivation, compared with a reference cultivation.CONCLUSIONSResults indicate that the combination of a pulse‐based scale‐down approach with mechanistic models is a very suitable method to test strain robustness and physiological constraints at the early stages of bioprocess development. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Renal Functional MRI and Its Application
Authors: Zhou Jia‐Ying , Wang Yuan‐Cheng , Zeng Chu‐Hui , Ju Sheng‐Hong 
Published: August 2018

Renal function varies according to the nature and stage of diseases. Renal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a technique considered superior to the most common method used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate, allows for noninvasive, accurate measurements of renal structures and functions in both animals and humans. It has become increasingly prevalent in research and clinical applications. In recent years, renal fMRI has developed rapidly with progress in MRI hardware and emerging postprocessing algorithms. Function‐related imaging markers can be acquired via renal fMRI, encompassing water molecular diffusion, perfusion, and oxygenation. This review focuses on the progression and challenges of the main renal fMRI methods, including dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, blood oxygen level‐dependent MRI, diffusion‐weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, arterial spin labeling, fat fraction imaging, and their recent clinical applications.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:863–881.
Conspicuity of Malignant Liver Tumors on Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging With Short tau Inversion Recovery After Gadolinium Ethoxybenzyl Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid Administration
Authors: Iwanaga Takashi , Fukukura Yoshihiko , Saito Tomonori , Sasaki Masashi , Kumagae Yuichi , Takumi Koji , Hakamada Hiroto , Fujisaki Takuro , Saigo Yasumasa , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) has been used for the detection and characterization of liver tumors because it has excellent contrast resolution. DWI using short tau inversion recovery (STIR) can improve tumor‐to‐liver contrast after gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA) administration that shortens the T1 relaxation of liver parenchyma.PurposeTo quantitatively and qualitatively compare the conspicuity of malignant liver tumors on DWI after Gd‐EOB‐DTPA administration between STIR and chemical shift selective (CHESS) sequences.Study TypeSingle‐institution retrospective study.SubjectsFifty‐seven patients with histologically confirmed malignant liver tumors were evaluated.Field Strength/SequenceLow b‐value DWIs with STIR and CHESS sequences 18–20 minutes after Gd‐EOB‐DTPA administration were acquired at 1.5T.AssessmentTumor contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and visual grade of tumor conspicuity on DWI between STIR and CHESS sequences were compared.Statistical TestsPaired Student's t‐test and the Wilcoxon signed rank‐test were applied. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean tumor CNR and visual grade of tumor conspicuity on DWI were significantly higher for STIR than for CHESS (both P < 0.001). Regardless of the presence of chronic liver disease, the mean CNR (normal liver 33.5 ± 19.8 vs. 15.7 ± 12.2, P < 0.001; chronic liver disease 19.6 ± 11.0 vs. 9.2 ± 7.8, P < 0.001) and the visual conspicuity grade (normal liver 3.36 ± 0.64 vs. 2.56 ± 0.77, P < 0.001; chronic liver disease 2.94 ± 0.80 vs. 2.25 ± 0.84, P = 0.001) were significantly higher for STIR than for CHESS. Mean CNR and the visual conspicuity grade were also significantly higher for STIR than for CHESS in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (CNR 18.1 ± 10.5 vs. 8.8 ± 7.2, P < 0.001; visual grade 2.88 ± 0.83 vs. 2.22 ± 0.87, P = 0.001) or metastases (CNR 35.0 ± 19.3 vs. 16.2 ± 13.1, P < 0.001; visual grade 3.45 ± 0.51 vs. 2.59 ± 0.73, P < 0.001).Data ConclusionDWI using STIR may be more helpful for depicting malignant liver tumors after Gd‐EOB‐DTPA administration compared with DWI using CHESS.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:565–573.
Added Value of sequentially performed gadoxetic acid‐enhanced liver MRI for the diagnosis of small (10–19 mm) or atypical hepatic observations at contrast‐enhanced CT: A prospective comparison
Authors: Yoon Jeong Hee , Lee Jeong Min , Lee Yoon Jin , Lee Kyung Bun , Han Joon Koo 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundSmall hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) often show atypical features at cross‐sectional imaging, yet there is no preferred recommendation for the diagnosis or characterization of small observations (10–19 mm) at present.PurposeTo determine the added value of sequentially performed gadoxetic acid‐enhanced liver MRI for contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT)‐detected small (10–19 mm) or atypical hepatic observations ≥20 mm in the diagnosis of HCC.Study TypeProspective, cross‐sectional, intraindividual comparison.PopulationIn all, 110 patients at high risk of developing HCC.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T and 3T/T1‐weighted imaging.AssessmentHepatic observations were classified into HCCs or benign non‐HCCs based on imaging features of arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) and portal or delayed washout at CT or APHE and portal washout at MRI. Final diagnoses were established using a composite algorithm and diagnostic performances of MRI and CT were compared in all observations. In addition, in a subgroup of histologically confirmed observations and stable benign observations during follow‐up (n = 94), sensitivity and specificity of MRI were compared between the aforementioned criteria and LR‐5 of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System v2014.Statistical Testχ2 test.ResultsMRI provided higher sensitivity than CT (62.2% vs. 27.0%, P = 0.0001) while maintaining specificity (97.2%, each) at the per‐patient level. Among 124 observations, 10–19 mm in size, MRI showed significantly higher sensitivity in diagnosing HCCs (62.5%, 50/80) than CT (25%, 20/80, P < 0.0001) with comparable specificity (97.7% [43/44], each). However, seven atypical observations (≥20 mm) at CT remained atypical at MRI. In the subgroup analysis, the diagnostic criteria of APHE and portal washout showed a significantly higher sensitivity (44.2%, 19/43) than LR‐5 (23.2%, 10/43, P = 0.004), without compromising specificity (97.7% vs. 95.5%).Data ConclusionSequentially performed gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI provided added value to CECT for the diagnosis of HCCs in small observations by improving sensitivity while maintaining specificity.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:574–587.