bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Novel Thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Authors: Xue Wen‐Jun , Du Jian‐Yao , Deng Ya‐Hui , Yan Zhong‐Hui , Liu Ji‐Ping , Liu Yu , Sun Li‐Ping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) plays an important role in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Inhibition of VEGFR‐2 has been demonstrated as a key method against tumor‐associated angiogenesis. Thiazolopyrimidine is an important analog of the purine ring, and we choose the thiazolopyrimidine scaffold as the mother nucleus. Two series of thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. In HUVEC inhibition assay, compounds3l(=1‐(5‐{[2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐methyl[1,3]thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐yl]amino}pyridin‐2‐yl)‐3‐(3,4‐dimethylphenyl)urea) and3m(=1‐(5‐{[2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐methyl[1,3]thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐yl]amino}pyridin‐2‐yl)‐3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)urea) exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect (IC50=1.65 and 3.52 μm, respectively). Compound3lalso showed the best potency against VEGFR‐2 at 50 μm(98.5 %). These results suggest that further investigation of compound3lmight provide potential angiogenesis inhibitors.
Streamlined Asymmetric Reaction Development: A Case Study with Isatins
Authors: Thanzeel F. Yushra , Balaraman Kaluvu , Wolf Christian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAsymmetric reaction development within a day or two has been a dream of synthetic chemists for several decades. We now show that such a task is feasible with a highly efficient streamlined screening strategy using the asymmetric allylation of isatins with a chiral boron complex as a case study. Our high‐throughput screening (HTS) method is based on fast optical UV/CD analysis of minute amounts of crude reaction mixtures (≈3 mg scale) and it obviates product isolation and the general need for reference compounds which greatly reduces preliminary work and analysis time. The setup, reaction screening, analysis and data processing for 54 asymmetric allylations of nine different isatins in six different solvents was handled by a single operator in less than 20 work hours. One could easily extend this HTS strategy to hundreds of reactions in roughly the same time frame and further reduce the labor with commercially available automated high‐throughput experimentation equipment. The effectiveness of this asymmetric reaction development strategy is confirmed with the upscale synthesis of two representative 3‐allyl‐3‐hydroxyisatins in 98–99 % yield and with 91–94 % ee under optimized conditions.
Tumor characteristics associated with engraftment of patient‐derived non–small cell lung cancer xenografts in immunocompromised mice
Authors: Chen Yungchang , Zhang Ran , Wang Li , Correa Arlene M. , Pataer Apar , Xu Yi , Zhang Xiaoshan , Ren Chenghui , Wu Shuhong , Meng Qing H. , Fujimoto Junya , Jensen Vanessa B. , Antonoff Mara B. , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Mehran Reza J. , Pisimisis George , Rice David C. , Sepesi Boris , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Walsh Garrett L. , Swisher Stephen G. , Roth Jack A. , Heymach John V. , Fang Bingliang 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundPatient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models increasingly are used in translational research. However, the engraftment rates of patient tumor samples in immunodeficient mice to PDX models vary greatly.MethodsTumor tissue samples from 308 patients with non–small cell lung cancer were implanted in immunodeficient mice. The patients were followed for 1.5 to approximately 6 years. The authors performed histological analysis of PDXs and some residual tumor tissues in mice with failed PDX growth at 1 year after implantation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assay were performed to measure the levels of Epstein‐Barr virus genes and human immunoglobulin G in PDX samples. Patient characteristics were compared for PDX growth and overall survival as outcomes using Cox regression analyses. Disease staging was based on the 7th TNM staging system.ResultsThe overall engraftment rate for PDXs from patients with non–small cell lung cancer was 34%. Squamous cell carcinomas had a higher engraftment rate (53%) compared with adenocarcinomas. Tumor samples from patients with stage II and stage III disease and from larger tumors were found to have relatively high engraftment rates. Patients whose tumors successfully engrafted had worse overall survival, particularly those individuals with adenocarcinoma, stage III or stage IV disease, and moderately differentiated tumors. Lymphoma formation was one of the factors associated with engraftment failure. Human CD8‐positive and CD20‐positive cells were detected in residual samples of tumor tissue that failed to generate a PDX at 1 year after implantation. Human immunoglobulin G was detected in the plasma of mice that did not have PDX growth at 14 months after implantation.ConclusionsThe results of the current study indicate that the characteristics of cancer cells and the tumor immune microenvironment in primary tumors both can affect engraftment of a primary tumor sample.
Toward configurable modeling for artifact‐centric business processes
Authors: Kang Guosheng , Yang Liqin , Zhang Liang 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThere are usually process model variants for a business as its application and evolution. Configurable process modeling is an effective approach for the design and development of business process models by reuse. However, the existing configurable process modeling approaches focus on traditional activity‐centric business processes, which is unfeasible for the new modeling paradigm of artifact‐centric business processes. To solve the problem, we propose a configurable modeling framework, especially for artifact‐centric business processes. To derive the integrated model for multiple process model variants, we propose a merger operation for artifact‐centric process model variants. We get a configurable artifact‐centric process model by identifying configurable points in the integrated model by common and variable characteristics. Moreover, the associated configuration alternatives are set accordingly for configurable points, in which the property of data privacy is considered. New artifact‐centric process models can be derived by configuration based on the behavior of a configurable model. To facilitate the process configuration, guidelines are analyzed based on the notion of process element relation graph. A case study is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach with a real‐world business process developed for Real Estate Administration (REA) in Hangzhou, China.
Effects of Metal Electrode Support on the Catalytic Activity of Fe(oxy)hydroxide for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Enman Lisa J. , Vise Ashlee E. , Burke Stevens Michaela , Boettcher Shannon W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFeOxHy and Fe‐containing Ni/Co oxyhydroxides are the most‐active catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. However, the activity of Fe sites appears strongly dependent on the electrode‐substrate material and/or the elemental composition of the matrix in which it is embedded. A fundamental understanding of these interactions that modulate the OER activity of FeOxHy is lacking. We report the use of cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry to assess the substrate‐dependent activity of FeOxHy on a number of commonly used electrode substrates, including Au, Pt, Pd, Cu, and C. We also evaluate the OER activity and Tafel behavior of these metallic substrates in 1 M KOH aqueous solution with Fe3+ and other electrolyte impurities. We find that the OER activity of FeOxHy varies by substrate in the order Au>Pd≈Pt≈Cu>C. The trend may be caused by differences in the adsorption strength of the Fe oxo ion on the substrate, where a stronger adhesion results in more adsorbed Fe at the interface during steady‐state OER and possibly a decreased charge‐transfer resistance at the FeOxHy‐substrate interface. These results suggest that the local atomic and electronic structure of [FeO6] units play an important role in catalysis of the OER as the activity can be tuned substantially by substrate interactions.
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Himalayan Griffon,Gyps himalayensis(Accipitriformes: Accipitridae): Sequence, structure, and phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Jiang Lichun , Peng Liqing , Tang Min , You Zhangqiang , Zhang Min , West Andrea , Ruan Qiping , Chen Wei , Merilä Juha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis is the first study to describe the mitochondrial genome of the Himalayan Griffon,Gyps himalayensis, which is an Old World vulture belonging to the family Accipitridae and occurring along the Himalayas and the adjoining Tibetan Plateau. Its mitogenome is a closed circular molecule 17,381 bp in size containing 13 protein‐coding genes, 22 tRNA coding genes, two rRNA‐coding genes, a control region (CR), and an extra pseudo‐control region (CCR) that are conserved in most Accipitridae mitogenomes. The overall base composition of theG. himalayensismitogenome is 24.55% A, 29.49% T, 31.59% C, and 14.37% G, which is typical for bird mitochondrial genomes. The alignment of the Accipitridae species control regions showed high levels of genetic variation and abundant AT content. At the 5′ end of the domain I region, a long continuous poly‐C sequence was found. Two tandem repeats were found in the pseudo‐control regions. Phylogenetic analysis with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood based on 13 protein‐coding genes indicated that the relationships at the family level were (Falconidae + (Cathartidae + (Sagittariidae + (Accipitridae + Pandionidae))). In the Accipitridae clade,G. himalayensisis more closely related toAegypius monachusthan toSpilornis cheela. The complete mitogenome ofG. himalayensisprovides a potentially useful resource for further exploration of the taxonomic status and phylogenetic history ofGypsspecies.
Species composition influences soil nutrient depletion and plant physiology in prairie agroenergy feedstocks
Authors: Sherrard Mark E. , Elgersma Kenneth J. , Koos Jordan M. A. , Kokemuller Catherine M. , Dietz Hannah E. , Glidden Alec J. , Carr Christina M. , Cambardella Cynthia A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHigh‐diversity mixtures of perennial tallgrass prairie vegetation could be useful biomass feedstocks for marginal farmland in the Midwestern United States. These agroenergy crops can help meet cellulosic agrofuel targets while also enhancing other ecosystem services on the landscape. One proposed advantage of high‐diversity prairie biomass feedstocks is that they should become nutrient limited at a slower rate than monoculture feedstocks. In this study, we examine rates of soil nutrient depletion and the physiology and performance of a focal species (switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L.) in four prairie agroenergy feedstocks with different species composition and diversity. The feedstocks in this study were a 1‐species switchgrass monoculture, a 5‐species mixture of C4 grasses, a 16‐species mixture of C3 and C4 grasses, forbs, and legumes, and a 32‐species mixture of C3 and C4 grasses, forbs, legumes, and sedges. To assess feedstock effects on soil, we measured changes in soil N/P/K over a five‐year period. We also performed a greenhouse study, in which we grew switchgrass plants in field soil conditioned by each feedstock. To assess feedstock effects on plant function, we measured four physiological traits (photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll concentration, leaf florescence, leaf N concentration) on switchgrass plants within each feedstock in the field. In the soil analysis, we found that the 5‐species feedstock displayed higher rates of soil N/P/K depletion than other feedstocks. In the greenhouse analysis, we found that switchgrass plants grown in soil conditioned by the 5‐species feedstock were smaller than plants grown in soil conditioned by other feedstocks. In the physiological analysis, we found that switchgrass plants in the 5‐species feedstock had lower leaf N, photosynthesis, chlorophyll concentration, and higher florescence than switchgrass plants growing in other feedstocks. Collectively, our results show that prairie agroenergy feedstocks with different species composition and diversity have different rates of soil nutrient depletion, which influences the physiology and performance of plants within the feedstock. These differences would ultimately impact the ecosystem services (e.g., biomass production, need for fertilizer) that these prairie agroenergy feedstocks provide.
Inconspicuous impacts: Widespread marine invader causes subtle but significant changes in native macroalgal assemblages
Authors: Epstein Graham , Foggo Andrew , Smale Dan A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvasive species are a major cause of global biodiversity decline; however, under certain environmental settings, some invaders can co‐exist with native species with little detectable impact. Even so, in many cases the realized impact of invasive species may be underestimated due to procedural or temporal constraints related to observation or experimentation. The invasive kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, is considered to have limited impact on macroalgal assemblages on rocky reefs of the northeast Atlantic, although this is largely based on correlative or observational findings. Here, a high intensity press‐removal manipulation was maintained for two years at a heavily invaded, Undaria dominated study site to improve current understanding of the potential impacts of Undaria on native macroalgal assemblages. Population and community effects as well as organismal performance effects (biochemical measures of condition and stress) were examined to investigate the potential for cryptic impacts. Where Undaria was removed, there was no difference in understory macroalgal assemblages; however, for three native kelp species, significant increases in abundance, biomass, and condition were recorded. The two perennial native kelps (Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima) exhibited small and inconsistent increases in all impact metrics where Undaria was removed, and therefore, the overall effects of Undaria on their populations are likely to be negligible. However, the native annual kelp, Saccorhiza polyschides, was consistently and significantly higher (3–6 times when compared to controls) in abundance and biomass under reduced competition from Undaria and exhibited significant changes in organismal‐level responses which indicated improved condition of sporophytes. Whether the potential replacement of this native species could alter ecosystem functioning requires further investigation. Targeted long‐term manipulative experiments can identify previously undetected impacts of invasive species in coastal ecosystems. Caution must be used when broadly classifying invasive species as having limited ecological impacts on recipient communities. Subtle impacts manifesting at the organism, population, and community levels should be considered before robust management prioritizations can be made.
Wave‐forced dynamics in the nearshore river mouths, and swash zones
Authors: Brocchini Maurizio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe role of wave forcing on the main hydro‐morphological dynamics evolving in the shallow waters of the nearshore and at river mouths is analyzed. Focus is mainly on the cross‐shore dynamics that evolve over mildly sloping barred, dissipative sandy beaches from the storm up to the yearly timescale, at most. Local and non‐local mechanisms as well as connections across three main inter‐related subsystems of the nearshore – the region of generation and evolution of nearshore bars, river mouths and the swash zone – are analyzed. The beach slope is a major controlling parameter for all nearshore dynamics. A local mechanism that must be properly described for a suitable representation of wave‐forced dynamics of all such three subsystems is the proper correlation between orbital velocity and sediment concentration in the bottom boundary layer; while specific dynamics are the wave–current interaction and bar generation at river mouths and the sediment presuspension at the swash zone. Fundamental non‐local mechanisms are both infragravity (IG) waves and large‐scale horizontal vortices (i.e. with vertical axes), both influencing the hydrodynamics, the sediment transport and the seabed morphology across the whole nearshore. Major connections across the three subsystems are the upriver propagation of IG waves generated by breaking sea waves and swash–swash interactions, the interplay between the swash zone and along‐river‐flank sediment transport and the evolution of nearshore sandbars. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using GWAS top hits to inform priors in Bayesian fine‐mapping association studies
Authors: Walters Kevin , Cox Angela , Yaacob Hannuun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe default causal single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effect size prior in Bayesian fine‐mapping studies is usually the Normal distribution. This choice is often based on computational convenience, rather than evidence that it is the most suitable prior distribution. The choice of prior is important because previous studies have shown considerable sensitivity of causal SNP Bayes factors to the form of the prior. In some well‐studied diseases there are now considerable numbers of genome‐wide association study (GWAS) top hits along with estimates of the number of yet‐to‐be‐discovered causal SNPs. We show how the effect sizes of the top hits and estimates of the number of yet‐to‐be‐discovered causal SNPs can be used to choose between the Laplace and Normal priors, to estimate the prior parameters and to quantify the uncertainty in this estimation. The methodology can readily be applied to other priors. We show that the top hits available from breast cancer GWAS provide overwhelming support for the Laplace over the Normal prior, which has important consequences for variant prioritisation. This work in this paper enables practitioners to derive more objective priors than are currently being used and could lead to prioritisation of different variants.
Comparison of trophic structure of fish assemblages in two tropical streams in Sri Lanka: A seasonal dry‐zone stream and a perennial wet‐zone stream
Authors: Weliange Wasantha S. , Amarasinghe Upali S. , Vijverberg Jacobus , Leichtfried Maria , Füreder Leopold 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMost tropical rivers, especially in the Asian region, are severely impacted by various human perturbations and the diverse habitats in streams support rich invertebrate and vertebrate communities. It is hypothesized that the fish assemblages and their dietary structure in two tropical streams differ because they flow through different terrains and are exposed to different climatic conditions. In the wet‐zone stream, which is geomorphologically more complex, fish faunal diversity showed a significant variation and presence of endemic fish species. In the diets of fish, the taxonomic composition was different along the longitudinal gradients, but dietary taxa richness in the two streams was virtually similar having 32 dietary taxa in the wet‐zone stream and 36 taxa in the dry‐zone stream. In the wet‐zone stream, we observed a lower proportion of specialist feeding species than those in the dry‐zone stream. Trophic indices of individual species in fish assemblages ranging from herbivory to carnivory also indicate structuring of fish communities along the longitudinal gradients of the two streams based on the dietary structure. The main differences between the fish assemblages in the wet zone compared with the dry zone were the higher number of endemic species and the lower percentage of specialist feeders with higher trophic indices. The outcome of this study, hopefully, contributes to planning future biodiversity conservation management schemes under various river‐basin development strategies.
A pitfall in diagnosing fetal abdominal lymphangioma: A report of two cases
Authors: Niwa Yuri , Imai Kenji , Kotani Tomomi , Nakano Tomoko , Ushida Takafumi , Moriyama Yoshinori , Kikkawa Fumitaka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTypical ultrasound findings of fetal abdominal lymphangioma include thick‐walled, multiseptated anechoic masses. Although a majority of cases can be suspected promptly by ultrasound examination, the two cases presented herein did not meet the standard criteria and were misleading. Both cases involved unilocular cysts without clear septations, but in retrospect were atypical findings of fetal abdominal lymphangioma. A few reports of misleading cases have been described previously; however, the precise characteristics have not been reported in detail. Therefore, in this case report, we focused predominantly upon the difficulties encountered in the prenatal diagnosis of abdominal lymphangioma based on ultrasound morphology alone.
Observational study on the incidence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with renal impairment following gadoterate meglumine administration: the NSsaFe study.
Authors: McWilliams Richard G. , Frabizzio Jennifer V. , De Backer Adelard I. , Grinberg Anna , Maes Bart D. , Zobel Bruno Beomonte , Gottschalk Andreas 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundNephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a rare life‐threatening condition strongly associated with the administration of gadolinium‐based contrast agents in patients with severe or endstage renal impairment.PurposeTo prospectively determine the incidence of NSF in patients with renal impairment after administration of gadoterate meglumine.Study TypeProspective.PopulationIn all, 540 patients with moderate, severe, or endstage renal impairment, scheduled to undergo a routine contrast‐enhanced MRI with gadoterate meglumine. Mean age was 69.7 ± 12.7 years (range: 21–95) with 58.4% of males.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T or 3.0T, sequence according to each site practice.AssessmentMedical history, indication(s) for current MRI and adverse events were recorded for each patient. Patients were followed up over 2 years after administration with three visits separated by at least 3 months to detect any signs/symptoms suggestive of NSF.Statistical TestsDescriptive.ResultsRenal impairment was graded as moderate for 69.4% of patients, severe for 16.0% and endstage for 12.1%; 2.6% had undergone a kidney transplant. Estimated glomerular filtration rate ranged from 4 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m2 except one value of 74 mL/min/1.73 m2 in a patient with kidney transplant. Central nervous system exploration was the main MRI indication (34.7%) and mean dose injected was 0.22 ± 0.09 mL/kg. Overall, 446 patients (82.6%) attended at least one follow‐up visit and completed the NSF questionnaire and 329 (60.9%) attended the 2‐year visit. No suspicion of NSF was reported in all 446 patients, including 119 patients with severe or endstage renal impairment. No deaths and no adverse events were reported during the MRI examination and the usual period of follow‐up after gadoterate meglumine administration.Data ConclusionNo cases of NSF were observed in the 446 patients with moderate to endstage renal impairment followed up over a maximum of 2 years after injection of gadoterate meglumine.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:607–614.