bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone strain index for fracture risk assessment in older men—the prospective STRAMBO study
Authors: Blanc Quentin , Chapurlat Roland , Duboeuf François , Szulc Pawel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Bone strain index (BSI) is a noninvasive index of bone strength assessed on lumbar spine and femur dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans using the finite-element method. In this study, we assess the link of the lumbar spine and hip BSI with fracture risk in older men.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Methods
A cohort of 825 men aged ≥60 was followed up for 12 years. Lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density, BSI, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) for major osteoporotic fractures (MOPFx), and lumbar spine trabecular bone score (TBS) were assessed at baseline. Overall, 159 men had 198 incident fractures.

Results
After adjustment for FRAX and prior falls, a higher BSI was associated with a higher fracture risk, eg, trochanter BSI: (HR = 1.34 per standard deviation (SD) increase, 95% CI: 1.14-1.58, P &lt; .001). Patterns were similar for MOPFx, vertebral, nonvertebral, and multiple fractures. The fracture risk was higher in the highest vs the lowest BSI quartiles. The associations were the strongest for the BSI of the lumbar spine and trochanter. When the TBS and BSI were analyzed jointly, their respective contributions to fracture prediction varied according to the fracture and the site of the BSI, eg, both the TBS and the trochanter BSI contributed to the MOPFx prediction (TBS: HR = 1.38/SD decrease, 95%CI: 1.04-1.84, P &lt; .05; BSI: HR = 1.49/SD increase, 95% CI: 1.16-1.91, P &lt; .005).

Conclusion
The BSI at both the lumbar and the femoral sites was associated with a higher fracture risk independently of FRAX and prior falls in older men followed prospectively for 12 years.
Earnings development among new immigrants in Finland: does a native-born partner enhance economic integration?
Authors: Vaalavuo Maria , Rask Shadia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Many studies have analysed the role of individual characteristics on the labour market outcomes of immigrants. However, there is only limited evidence on how an immigrant’s partnership status and intermarriage with a native-born person are associated with earnings development. Partnerships in general can be considered a proxy for social capital, productivity, and characteristics valued in the labour market. A partnership with a native person is also indicative of sociocultural resources, accomplished integration, and an intention to remain in the country as well as a possible reason for migration. Our study contributes to understanding the link between intermarriage and earnings with evidence from a Nordic perspective and based on unique register data spanning from 2004 to 2018. We employ growth curve models and analyse earnings and employment development in the years following entry to Finland among seven different immigrant groups and separately for men and women. The results demonstrate that the role of having a native-born partner varies according to the country of origin and gender. In general, those with a native-born partner upon arrival in Finland have a more positive earnings development over time. Long observation period is necessary to reveal ineteresting differences between groups.
The Community Acute Respiratory Infection surveillance programme: an evaluation of a newly established surveillance programme in Scotland
Authors: Laird Tonje S , Hamilton Mark , Oliver Catriona , Sadiq Fatima , Moawad Yomna , Evans Josie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Community Acute Respiratory Infection (CARI) surveillance programme, established by Public Health Scotland (PHS) in November 2021, aims to monitor respiratory infections in communities, replacing prior schemes to ensure early detection of outbreaks and inform public health interventions. Positioned as a cornerstone of PHS’s national infectious respiratory diseases plan, CARI is pivotal for safeguarding public health. This study presents key findings from the 2022/23 CARI season and evaluates the programme’s performance during this period. CARI uses a network of sentinel general practitioner (GP) practices across Scotland to monitor patients with acute respiratory infection symptoms, employing multiplex polymerase chain reaction testing for 10 common pathogens. Results are linked to enhanced surveillance data, providing insights into infection trends during the season. The evaluation comprised an online GP survey and a quantitative assessment of programme performance. In the 2022/23 season, 180 GP practices participated in CARI, testing 15,823 samples. Swab positivity peaked in December 2022, driven by a large spike in influenza A activity. The evaluation showed that CARI is highly useful, with positive feedback on simplicity, flexibility, and acceptability. Representativeness varied across health boards and age groups. Despite occasional laboratory processing delays, data quality remained good, with timely reporting and stable participation. CARI reflected patterns in infections observed in secondary care in Scotland and Europe, providing valuable insights into disease patterns and impact. It also provided timely intelligence to key decision-makers, enabling prompt public health response. Changes for the 2023/24 season aim to further optimize the programme.
Debunking taste
Authors: Nguyen C Thi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We are often confronted with attempts to debunk our aesthetic tastes, like: “You only like jazz because you’re a pretentious hipster,” or, “Your love of the Western canon is just colonialism speaking.” Such debunking arguments often try to give a socio-historical accounting, intended to de-legitimize our tastes by showing that they arise from processes uninterested in real aesthetic value. One common version is the Art Populist debunk: that claims of aesthetic expertise in esoteric arts are really just elitist gatekeeping. Then we have its mirror twin, the Art Expert debunk: that the populist love of simple arts serves the interests of profiteering entertainment corporations dispensing simplified slop. Suppose we accept one of these debunking arguments. How are we supposed to get on? Are we supposed to not like the things we like, or force ourselves to choke down food we don’t enjoy? And suppose we accept both of these debunking arguments — what then? Are we supposed to simply give up our grip on beauty altogether? This is hard to imagine. Aesthetic debunking arguments have a harder time getting a grip on us, because aesthetic life involves a distinctively tight relationship between our felt aesthetic phenomena and our aesthetic judgments. Aesthetic life gives us phenomenal resistance to debunking arguments, when our felt loves lag behind our endorsed beliefs. I suggest a way through that offers a livable accommodation. We may be able to treat such debunking arguments, not as targeting the positive content of our taste, but as targeting the boundaries and limitations on our taste. That is, a Populist may not be able to debunk my deep felt love of opera, but they may be able to debunk my dismissal of dance-pop. In this case, we can take onboard both the Art Expert’s and the Art Populist’s debunking arguments, as targeting different varieties of narrowness and dismissal. These debunkings, then, move us, not towards aesthetic nihilism, but aesthetic expansionism.
Forecasting the distribution range of Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the present and future under the influence of climate change
Authors: Wang Bu-Xin , Li Cheng-Jin , Zhou Zhong-Fu , Yao Yan-Xia , Wang Xiao-Yi , Zhong Kai , Yang Hui-Qiong , Wei Jian-Rong , Huai Wen-Xia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) is an important pest that attacks Pinus species in China. It impacts the vitality of local pine vegetation, reduces the ability to prevent windbreak and sand fixation, and causes ecological loss. MaxEnt and ArcGIS are used to predict and analyze the changes in suitable distribution areas of H. ligniperda under current and future climate scenarios, based on 12 climate factor datasets and 1,001 field distribution data points for this pest. The environmental variables used significantly influence the potential distribution of H. ligniperda. Highly suitable areas of this beetle are located in western Europe, central Asia, and the southeastern regions of Oceania, with sporadic occurrences across North America, South America, and Africa. Highly suitable areas in China occur across the east, central south, and southwest regions. There is a significant increase in the high and medium suitability areas, while the area of low suitability decreases under the 4 future climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585). The suitable distribution area for H. ligniperda shows an overall trend of moving northwestward. The purpose of this current study is to provide important theoretical support for the prevention and management of this pest by predicting and analyzing suitable distribution areas under current and future climate scenarios.
How To Discipline Financial Markets: Reputation Is Not Enough
Authors: Bigoni Maria , Camera Gabriele , Casari Marco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Historically, shocks originating in the financial sector often spilled over into the real sector with dramatic consequences. We study in the lab how interventions targeting disclosure and capital requirements of financial intermediaries can reduce insolvencies or prevent their negative effects from propagating to the broader economy. In our two-sector economy, consumers and producers can fund financial intermediaries, who, in turn, provide them with liquidity to settle trades. However, intermediaries may undertake risky investments and become insolvent, which depresses real economic activity. In the experiment, insolvencies were frequent. As a consequence, consumers and producers often refused to fund intermediaries, which lowered the trade volume. Imposing the disclosure of risky investments did not reduce risk-taking and insolvencies. Instead, imposing capital requirements prevented insolvencies from disrupting real economic activity, thus boosting financial intermediation and trade.
A chromosome-level reference genome for the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, with identification of sex chromosomes
Authors: Miles Lindsay S , Adams Richard , Francioli Yannick Z , Card Daren C , Castoe Todd A , Booth Warren 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is a globally distributed pest insect of medical, veterinary, and economic importance. Previous reference genome assemblies for this species were generated from short read sequencing data, resulting in a ~650 Mb composed of thousands of contigs. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level reference genome, generated from an adult Harlen strain female specimen. Using PacBio long read and Omni-C proximity sequencing, we generated a 540 Mb genome with 15 chromosomes (13 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes - X1X2) with an N50 &gt; 30 Mb and BUSCO &gt; 90%. Previous karyotyping efforts indicate an XY sex chromosome system, with 2n=26 and X1X1X2X2 females and X1X2Y males; however significant fragmentation of the X chromosome has also been reported. We further use whole genome resequencing data from males and females to identify the X1 and X2 chromosomes based on sex biases in coverage. This highly contiguous reference genome assembly provides a much-improved resource for identifying chromosomal genome architecture, and for interpreting patterns of urban outbreaks and signatures of selection linked to insecticide resistance.
Ground-cover vegetation composition shapes the abundance of Sphaerophoria scripta (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Mediterranean olive groves
Authors: Madureira Marta , Rodrigues Isabel , Pereira José Alberto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The ground-cover vegetation, commonly found in olive groves, provides shelter and vital floral resources for syrphids. Such resources can contribute to syrphids’ growth, development, reproduction, and survival, allowing them to maximize their function as natural pest enemies, pollinators, and decomposers of organic matter. Therefore, identifying the flowering plant families driving the abundance of Sphaerophoria scripta Linnaeus, 1758, is essential to promote its presence and abundance. Here, we described the flowering plants present in the vegetation cover of olive groves and studied how these flowering plant families shape the abundance of S. scripta. A total of 90 plant species belonging to 20 families were identified. Asteraceae was the dominant flowering family, followed by Poaceae. The generalized linear model showed that the presence of flowering plants of the families Campanulaceae, Asteraceae, Orobanchaceae, and Plantaginaceae in the ground-cover vegetation promotes the abundance of S. scripta in olive groves. Conversely, flowering plants of the families Poaceae and Polygonaceae were associated with the decreased abundance of this syrphid species. Our results suggest that increasing particular plant families and decreasing others in the ground-cover vegetation may favor S. scripta abundance in the Mediterranean olive groves.
The Violent Mind and Brain
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F.M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There is no shortage of gratuitous violence in cinema, and all the diverse types of violence have been disturbingly visualized. Violence in film, including mass killings, is used to show madness and mental illness. The way directors use “psychiatry” in film on violence is criticized in detail. The highly contentious relationship of epilepsy and violence is discussed. In many filmmakers’ predetermined view, neurologic disease is strongly linked with violence and murder. Some scriptwriters and film directors develop plots where individuals in altered neurologic states commit murders. Violence intersects with medicine (and forensic psychiatry) and is discussed herein. Healthcare professionals witness suffering, which means they must understand and help. Excluding gratuitous violence, one does not expect that the film industry improved medical understanding of violence, but simply corrupted it.
“Should I Go to the Emergency Room?”: Their First Episode of Low Back Pain
Authors: Standaert Christopher J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Acute low back pain (LBP) is a common clinical symptom affecting almost every person at some point in their life. Although most acute episodes of LBP are self-limiting, recurrent pain occurs in about 50–75% of individuals within 1 year. For the majority of patients, LBP is a chronic-recurrent problem and thus initial treatment recommendations should focus on long-term active approaches to health and well-being. Psychosocial and affective factors are the best predictors of an episode of acute LBP transitioning to a chronic pain state. These include depression, anxiety, trauma, social marginalization, passive coping, and fear. Exercise is generally the best supported treatment for LBP, although there are no real data to suggest that any one particular approach is uniquely beneficial. Excessive rest, unnecessary imaging, negative language, inaccurate and unhelpful diagnoses, excessive activity restrictions, and reliance on generally unhelpful or overtly harmful medications lead to iatrogenic disability and worse outcomes.
“I Can’t Stand Up!”: Severe Acute Pain in a 63-Year-Old Male
Authors: Kazi Eman , Standaert Christopher J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A subset of lumbar disc herniations, usually seen in patients from 50 to 80 years old, are termed “far lateral disc herniations,” referring to the location of the disc relative to the spinal canal. These typically occur higher in the spine, mostly affecting the L3 and L4 roots, and with more severe leg pain and higher rates of sensory dysesthesia and motor weakness than in posterolateral disc herniations. The pain tends to refer into the hip, anterior thigh, and/or anterior calf; is often mistaken for a hip joint or renal process; and, importantly, is usually worse standing than sitting. An upper lumbar radiculopathy is frequently misdiagnosed and needs to be considered in patients with acute flank and hip or thigh pain. An MRI of the lumbar spine provides optimal identification for a far lateral disc herniation. Patients can be treated successfully with time and nonoperative care, and very few require surgery.
A “Clunk” in the Night: A 51-Year-Old Female with Back Pain
Authors: Shivers Joseph P. , Standaert Christopher J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Degenerative spondylolisthesis becomes more common with age and may be associated with low back pain (LBP) and leg pain. “Spondylolisthesis” describes the anterior/forward displacement of one vertebral body over another. In degenerative spondylolisthesis, the underlying problem is laxity in the facet joints and degenerative change in the disc allowing the vertebra to “slip.” More common in women than men, in Black than White people, and after age 50, degenerative spondyoloisthesis occurs most often at the L4/L5 level, LBP, leg pain, leg weakness, and occasionally a sensation of “clunking” or motion in the spine can occur. As it progresses, the spondylolisthesis can contribute to lumbar spinal stenosis. Radiographs need to include standing flexion/extension views. Nonoperative management focuses on improving the strength, endurance, and coordination of the stabilizing muscles of the trunk and lumbopelvic junction. Operative indications include progressive lower extremity neurologic changes and severe LBP accompanied by radiographic dynamic instability.
“My Back Is OK as Long as I Don’t Do Anything, but I Love Soccer and Tennis.”: Back Pain in a Recreational Athlete
Authors: Vanushkina Maria A. , Standaert Christopher J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Although low back pain (LBP) is less common in those who are physically active than those who are not, LBP is a common complaint in recreational athletes. When individuals present with activity-limiting LBP, clinicians need to understand the effects and challenges of specific forms of exercise, the influence of aging and prior injury on future performance and injury, and the complicating effects of lifestyle and medical comorbidities. Although physiologic changes occur with aging, including alterations in metabolism, loss of lean muscle mass, and reductions in cardiovascular function, guidelines generally recommend a combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training to optimize long-term health. In patients where spinal pain interferes with performance in particular activities, it is helpful to explore factors that may offer opportunities to improve pain and function. These include stretching, balancing the stresses of/ overuse from specific activities, improving activity-specific spine function, cross training, and adding in recovery time.
Utilizing insights of DNA repair machinery to discover MMEJ deletions and novel mechanisms
Authors: Kadam Aditee , Shilo Shay , Naor Hadas , Wainstein Alexander , Brilon Yardena , Feldman Tzah , Minden Mark , Kaushansky Nathali , Chapal-Ilani Noa , Shlush Liran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We developed Del-read, an algorithm targeting medium-sized deletions (6–100 bp) in short-reads, which are challenging for current variant callers relying on alignment. Our focus was on Micro-Homolog mediated End Joining deletions (MMEJ-dels), prevalent in myeloid malignancies. MMEJ-dels follow a distinct pattern, occurring between two homologies, allowing us to generate a comprehensive list of MMEJ-dels in the exome. Using Del-read, we identified numerous novel germline and somatic MMEJ-dels in BEAT-AML and TCGA-breast datasets. Validation in 672 healthy individuals confirmed their presence. These novel MMEJ-dels were linked to genomic features associated with replication stress, like G-quadruplexes and minisatellite. Additionally, we observed a new category of MMEJ-dels with an imperfect-match at the flanking sequences of the homologies, suggesting a mechanism involving mispairing in homology alignment. We demonstrated robustness of the repair system despite CRISPR/Cas9-induced mismatches in the homologies. Further analysis of the canonical ASXL1 deletion revealed a diverse array of these imperfect-matches. This suggests a potentially more flexible and error-prone MMEJ repair system than previously understood. Our findings highlight Del-read's potential in uncovering previously undetected deletions and deepen our understanding of repair mechanisms.
DNA sequence and lesion-dependent mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM)-DNA-binding modulates DNA repair activities and products
Authors: Urrutia Kathleen , Chen Yu Hsuan , Tang Jin , Hung Ta I , Zhang Guodong , Xu Wenyan , Zhao Wenxin , Tonthat Dylan , Chang Chia-En A , Zhao Linlin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is indispensable for mitochondrial function and is maintained by DNA repair, turnover, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, along with the inherent redundancy of mtDNA. Base excision repair (BER) is a major DNA repair mechanism in mammalian mitochondria. Mitochondrial BER enzymes are implicated in mtDNA-mediated immune response and inflammation. mtDNA is organized into mitochondrial nucleoids by mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). The regulation of DNA repair activities by TFAM-DNA interactions remains understudied. Here, we demonstrate the modulation of DNA repair enzymes by TFAM concentrations, DNA sequences and DNA modifications. Unlike previously reported inhibitory effects, we observed that human uracil-DNA glycosylase 1 (UNG1) and AP endonuclease I (APE1) have optimal activities at specific TFAM/DNA molar ratios. High TFAM/DNA ratios inhibited other enzymes, OGG1 and AAG. In addition, TFAM reduces the accumulation of certain repair intermediates. Molecular dynamics simulations and DNA-binding experiments demonstrate that the presence of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in certain sequence motifs enhances TFAM-DNA binding, partially explaining the inhibition of OGG1 activity. Bioinformatic analysis of published 8-oxodG, dU, and TFAM-footprint maps reveals a correlation between 8-oxodG and TFAM locations in mtDNA. Collectively, these results highlight the complex regulation of mtDNA repair by DNA sequence, TFAM concentrations, lesions and repair enzymes.
Optogenetic control of Corynebacterium glutamicum gene expression
Authors: Deng Chen , Xin Ruijie , Li Xingjian , Zhang Jie , Fan Liqiang , Qiu Yongjun , Zhao Liming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is a key industrial workhorse for producing amino acids and high-value chemicals. Balancing metabolic flow between cell growth and product synthesis is crucial for enhancing production efficiency. Developing dynamic, broadly applicable, and minimally toxic gene regulation tools for C. glutamicum remains challenging, as optogenetic tools ideal for dynamic regulatory strategies have not yet been developed. This study introduces an advanced light-controlled gene expression system using light-controlled RNA-binding proteins (RBP), a first for Corynebacterium glutamicum. We established a gene expression regulation system, ‘LightOnC.glu’, utilizing the light-controlled RBP to construct light-controlled transcription factors in C. glutamicum. Simultaneously, we developed a high-performance light-controlled gene interference system using CRISPR/Cpf1 tools. The metabolic flow in the synthesis network was designed to enable the production of chitin oligosaccharides (CHOSs) and chondroitin sulphate oligosaccharides A (CSA) for the first time in C. glutamicum. Additionally, a light-controlled bioreactor was constructed, achieving a CHOSs production concentration of 6.2 g/L, the highest titer recorded for CHOSs biosynthesis to date. Herein, we have established a programmable light-responsive genetic circuit in C. glutamicum, advancing the theory of dynamic regulation based on light signaling. This breakthrough has potential applications in optimizing metabolic modules in other chassis cells and synthesizing other compounds.