bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear porcupine mediates XRCC6/Ku70 S-palmitoylation in the DNA damage response
Authors: Chen Yang , Xiao Mingming , Mo Yaqi , Ma Jinlu , Han Yamei , Li Qing , Zeng Qinghua , Boohaker Rebecca J. , Fried Joshua , Li Yonghe , Wang Han , Xu Bo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) heavily relies on post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, which play a crucial role in the prevention of genetic instability and tumorigenesis. Among these PTMs, palmitoylation is a highly conserved process that is dysregulated in numerous cancer types. However, its direct involvement in the DDR and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods
CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used to generate the PORCN KO and PORCN NLS KO cell lines. The effects of PORCN NLS in the DDR were verified by colony formation assays, MTT assays, the DR/EJ5 homologous recombination/non-homologous end-joining reporter system, xenograft tumor growth and immunofluorescence. Mechanisms were explored by mass spectrometry, acyl-biotin exchange (ABE) palmitoylation assay, Click-iT assay, cell subcellular fractionation assay, Western blot analysis, and in vivo and in vitro co-immunoprecipitation.

Results
In this study, we introduce evidence that Porcupine (PORCN) is an integral component of and plays a critical role in the DDR. PORCN deficiency hampers nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and highly sensitizes cells to ionizing radiation (IR) both in vitro and in vivo. We also provide evidence that PORCN possesses a nuclear fraction (nPORCN) with S-acyltransferase activity, unlike its membrane-bound O-acyltransferase in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, we show that nPORCN is necessary for the successful activation of NHEJ. Using mass spectrometry, we reveal the existence of an nPORCN complex and show that nPORCN mediates the S-palmitoylation of XRCC6/Ku70 at five specific cysteine sites in response to IR. Mutation of these sites causes a substantial increase in radiosensitivity and delays NHEJ. Additionally, we present evidence that nPORCN-dependent Ku70 palmitoylation is required for DNA-PKcs/Ku70/Ku80 complex formation.

Conclusion
Our findings underscore the crucial role of nPORCN-dependent Ku70 S-palmitoylation in the DDR.
The double-edged role and therapeutic potential of TREM2 in atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhu Botao , Liu Yuxuan , Peng Daoquan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of large numbers of macrophages. The progression of the disease is closely related to the status of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. Recent advances in plaque analysis have revealed a subpopulation of macrophages that express high levels of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). Although TREM2 is known to play a critical role in inflammation, lipid metabolism, and tissue repair, its role in atherosclerosis is still not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that TREM2 promotes macrophage cholesterol uptake and efflux, enhances efferocytosis function, regulates inflammation and metabolism, and promotes cell survival, all of which are significant functions in atherosclerosis. In early plaques TREM2 promotes lipid uptake and increases lesion size. In advanced plaques TREM2 promotes macrophage survival and increases plaque stability. The dualistic nature of TREM2 in atherosclerosis, where it can exert both protective effect and a side effect of increased lesion size, presents a complex but crucial area of study. Understanding these dual roles could help in the development of new therapeutic strategies to modulate TREM2 activity and utilize its atheroprotective function while mitigating its deleterious effects. In this review, we discuss the roles and mechanisms of TREM2 during different stages of atherosclerotic plaques, as well as the potential applications of TREM2 in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Segmentation and visualization of the Shampula dragonfly eye glass bead CT images using a deep learning method
Authors: Liao Lingyu , Cheng Qian , Zhang Xueyan , Qu Liang , Liu Siran , Ma Shining , Chen Kunlong , Liu Yue , Wang Yongtian , Song Weitao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Micro-computed tomography (CT) of ancient Chinese glass dragonfly eye beads has enabled detailed exploration of their internal structures, contributing to our understanding of their manufacture. Segmentation of these CT images is essential but challenging due to variation in grayscale values and the presence of bubbles. This study introduces a U-Net-based model called EBV-SegNet, which enables efficient and accurate segmentation and visualization of these beads. We developed, trained, and tested the model using a dataset comprising four typical Shampula dragonfly eye beads, and the results demonstrated high-precision segmentation and precise delineation of the beads’ complex structures. These segmented data were further analyzed using the Visualization Toolkit for advanced volume rendering and reconstruction. Our application of EBV-SegNet to Shampula beads suggests the likelihood of two distinct manufacturing techniques, underscoring the potential of the model for enhancing the analysis of cultural artifacts using three-dimensional visualization and deep learning.
Advances in materials and technologies for digital light processing 3D printing
Authors: Nam Jisoo , Kim Miso 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDigital light processing (DLP) is a projection-based vat photopolymerization 3D printing technique that attracts increasing attention due to its high resolution and accuracy. The projection-based layer-by-layer deposition in DLP uses precise light control to cure photopolymer resin quickly, providing a smooth surface finish due to the uniform layer curing process. Additionally, the extensive material selection in DLP 3D printing, notably including existing photopolymerizable materials, presents a significant advantage compared with other 3D printing techniques with limited material choices. Studies in DLP can be categorized into two main domains: material-level and system-level innovation. Regarding material-level innovations, the development of photocurable resins with tailored rheological, photocuring, mechanical, and functional properties is crucial for expanding the application prospects of DLP technology. In this review, we comprehensively review the state-of-the-art advancements in DLP 3D printing, focusing on material innovations centered on functional materials, particularly various smart materials for 4D printing, in addition to piezoelectric ceramics and their composites with their applications in DLP. Additionally, we discuss the development of recyclable DLP resins to promote sustainable manufacturing practices. The state-of-the-art system-level innovations are also delineated, including recent progress in multi-materials DLP, grayscale DLP, AI-assisted DLP, and other related developments. We also highlight the current challenges and propose potential directions for future development. Exciting areas such as the creation of photocurable materials with stimuli-responsive functionality, ceramic DLP, recyclable DLP, and AI-enhanced DLP are still in their nascent stages. By exploring concepts like AI-assisted DLP recycling technology, the integration of these aspects can unlock significant opportunities for applications driven by DLP technology. Through this review, we aim to stimulate further interest and encourage active collaborations in advancing DLP resin materials and systems, fostering innovations in this dynamic field.
Graphical abstract
Cellular oxygen consumption in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Vine Jacob , Lee John H. , Balaji Lakshman , Grossestreuer Anne V. , Morton Andrea , Peradze Natia , Antony Nivedha , Berlin Noa , Kravitz Max S. , Leland Shannon B. , Berg Katherine , Moskowitz Ari , Donnino Michael W. , Liu Xiaowen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening disorder associated with severe alterations in metabolism and acid–base status. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with diabetes and its complications. Thiamine and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are important factors in aerobic metabolism. In this study, we measured cellular oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) and the effects of in vitro administration of thiamine and CoQ10 on OCRs in patients with DKA versus healthy controls.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from a prospective cohort of patients with DKA and from controls. Cellular OCRs were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) without treatment and after treatment with thiamine, CoQ10, or both. The mitochondrial profile was measured using an XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer and XF Cell Mito Stress Test Kit (Seahorse Bioscience). A linear quantile mixed model was used to compare OCRs and estimate treatment effects.

Results
A total of 62 patients with DKA and 48 controls were included in the study. The median basal and maximal OCRs were lower in the DKA group than in the control group (basal: 4.7 [IQR: 3.3, 7.9] vs. 7.9 [5.0, 9.5], p = 0.036; maximal: 16.4 [9.5, 28.1] vs. 31.5 [20.6, 46.0] pmol/min/µg protein, p < 0.001). In DKA samples, basal and maximal OCRs were significantly increased when treated with thiamine, CoQ10, or both. In controls, basal and maximal OCR were significantly increased only with thiamine treatment.

Conclusion
Mitochondrial metabolic profiles of patients with DKA demonstrated lower cellular oxygen consumption when compared to healthy controls. Oxygen consumption increased significantly in cells of patients with DKA treated with thiamine or CoQ10. These results suggest that thiamine and CoQ10 could potentially have therapeutic benefits in DKA via their metabolic effects on mitochondrial cellular respiration.
The influence of suturing and or gluing of perforated Schneiderian membrane during sinuslift procedure on the outcome: a retrospective study
Authors: Khoury Fouad , Schmidt Christoph , Jackowski Jochen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe sinus lift procedure has become the most common method for maxillary bone augmentation. The most frequently observed intraoperative complication is the perforation of the Schneiderian membrane. Various treatment options have been proposed for managing these perforations, including the use of resorbable membranes, centrifugated blood products as PRF, or PRGF, suturing, and fibrin glue application. While long-term studies exist for the use of resorbable membranes to close perforations, there is limited data on the long-term outcomes of suturing or gluing the perforated sinus membrane. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the long-term outcomes of suturing and/or applying fibrin glue to repair perforated sinus mucosa during sinus floor elevation procedures. Between 2005 and 2009, a total of 692 patients underwent 923 sinus lift surgeries, and Schneiderian membrane perforation occurred in 202 sinus floor elevations (21.98%) across 168 patients. The main documented causes of perforations, which ranged from 2 to 10 mm in diameter, were the presence of septa, followed by thin and adherent membranes. Of the perforations, 100 (49.5%) were treated with microsurgical suturing combined with fibrin glue, 78 (38.6%) were treated with fibrin glue alone, and 24 (11.9%) were treated exclusively with suturing. Sinus grafting was performed using autogenous bone in combination with a biomaterial, following the layering technique. All surgeries resulted in primary healing without complications, enabling all patients to undergo restoration as planned. The long term clinical and radiological evaluations of 44 randomly selected patients who followed the recall program up to 10 years post operative confirmed the effectiveness of this treatment approach.
Egyptian patients with cleft lip: our experience with primary rhinoplasty
Authors: Mabrouk Adel , Badawy Mohamed Samir , Hammad Mai Raafat , Mabrouk Amr 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Controversy exists regarding the timing of rhinoplasty for patients with cleft lip as some surgeons shy away from primary correction for fear of causing harm to the growth of the nose and the maxilla.
We present our favorable experience with primary rhinoplasty with repair of unilateral cleft lip in Ain Shams University plastic surgery department, providing insights into the specific management of patients of middle eastern descent.

Methods
Prospective study of 32 patients, ages 3 months- 1 year with unilateral CL presenting to Ain Shams University hospitals between January 2019 and July 2022. Primary rhinoplasty was performed at the time of lip repair. Lip repair was done by Tennison-Randall technique. Evaluation of results was done by expert analysis of photographs, anthropometric measurements, and parents’ satisfaction.

Results
Over-all concordance rate was 93% and inter-observer concordance was 89%. Non-significant differences were found between cleft and noncleft sides regarding nostril dome height, columellar length, and alar width 6 months post-operatively. 81.25% of the parents were very satisfied with the results.

Conclusion
Our study targeted a cohort of Egyptian patients with unilateral cleft lip, who underwent primary rhinoplasty and the time of lip repair, showing favorable results, supporting the literature advocating for this timing, but limited by relatively short follow up period. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in Egypt to highlight the outcomes and direct experience for primary rhinoplasty with cleft lip repair in an Egyptian population.
Morpho-orthographic segmentation on visual word recognition in Brazilian Portuguese speakers
Authors: dos Reis Pereira Humberto , dos Reis Justi Francis Ricardo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective
Studies have demonstrated a morphological decomposition process in the initial stages of visual word recognition based on orthographically defined morphemes and independent of semantic and lexical information. The present study sought to investigate this phenomenon in adult Brazilian Portuguese-speaking readers.

Method
Participants performed a lexical decision task preceded by primes at two Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA): 33 or 250 ms. The primes had one of the following relations with the target word: morphological (porteiro [DOORKEEPER]–PORTA [DOOR]), morpho-orthographic (cordeiro [LAMB]–CORDA [ROPE]), orthographic (abril [APRIL]–ABRIU [OPENED]), semantic (abelha [BEE]–MEL [HONEY]), or no relation (pessoa [PERSON]–DADO [DICE]).

Results
Priming effects were observed for the morphological and semantic conditions at both SOAs but not for the orthographic and morpho-orthographic conditions.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that semantic representations mediate morphological priming in Brazilian Portuguese since the early stages of visual word recognition.
Self-evaluations and the language of the beholder: objective performance and language solidarity predict L2 and L1 self-evaluations in bilingual adults
Authors: Hernández-Rivera Esteban , Kalogeris Alessia , Tiv Mehrgol , Titone Debra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPeople are often asked to self-evaluate their abilities, and these evaluations may not always reflect objective reality. Here, we investigated this issue for bilingual adults’ self-evaluations of language proficiency and usage. We specifically examined how people’s self-reported language solidarity impacted their first- (L1) and second-language (L2) self-evaluations, while statistically controlling for their objective language performance (i.e. LexTALE). We also investigated whether this impact varied for value-laden evaluations (e.g. how “good” am I at my L2) vs. usage-based evaluations (e.g. how often do I use my L2) for two sociolinguistically distinct groups (i.e. English-L1 speakers vs. French-L1 speakers in Montreal). Starting with value-laden self-evaluations, we found that French-L1 speakers with more favourable L2-English solidarity tended to underestimate their objective L2 ability, whereas French-L1 speakers with less favourable L2-English solidarity more accurately estimated their objective L2 ability. In contrast, English-L1 speakers with more favourable L2-French solidarity more accurately estimated their objective L2 ability than those with less favourable L2-French solidarity who underestimated their L2-French abilities. Turning to usage-based self-evaluations, we found that participants' self-evaluations were generally more accurate reflections of their performance, in a manner that was less affected by individual differences in self-reported language solidarity. This implies that language solidarity (or perhaps language attitudes more generally) can implicitly or explicitly impact bilingual adults’ language self-evaluations when these evaluations are value-laden. These data suggest that people’s language attitudes can bias how they perceive their abilities, although self-evaluations based on language use may be less susceptible to bias than those that are value-laden. These data have implications for the study of language and cognition that depend on self-assessments of individual differences and are relevant to work on how people self-assess their abilities generally.
Dark-field radiography for the detection of bone microstructure changes in osteoporotic human lumbar spine specimens
Authors: Rischewski Jon F. , Gassert Florian T. , Urban Theresa , Hammel Johannes , Kufner Alexander , Braun Christian , Lochschmidt Maximilian , Makowski Marcus R. , Pfeiffer Daniela , Gersing Alexandra S. , Pfeiffer Franz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Dark-field radiography imaging exploits the wave character of x-rays to measure small-angle scattering on material interfaces, providing structural information with low radiation exposure. We explored the potential of dark-field imaging of bone microstructure to improve the assessment of bone strength in osteoporosis.

Methods
We prospectively examined 14 osteoporotic/osteopenic and 21 non-osteoporotic/osteopenic human cadaveric vertebrae (L2–L4) with a clinical dark-field radiography system, micro-computed tomography (CT), and spectral CT. Dark-field images were obtained in both vertical and horizontal sample positions. Bone microstructural parameters (trabecular number, Tb.N; trabecular thickness, Tb.Th; bone volume fraction, BV/TV; degree of anisotropy, DA) were measured using standard ex vivo micro-CT, while hydroxyapatite density was measured using spectral CT. Correlations were assessed using Spearman rank correlation coefficients.

Results
The measured dark-field signal was lower in osteoporotic/osteopenic vertebrae (vertical position, 0.23 ± 0.05 versus 0.29 ± 0.04, p < 0.001; horizontal position, 0.28 ± 0.06 versus 0.34 ± 0.04, p = 0.003). The dark-field signal from the vertical position correlated significantly with Tb.N (ρ = 0.46, p = 0.005), BV/TV (ρ = 0.45, p = 0.007), DA (ρ = -0.43, p = 0.010), and hydroxyapatite density (ρ = 0.53, p = 0.010). The calculated ratio of vertical/horizontal dark-field signal correlated significantly with Tb.N (ρ = 0.43, p = 0.011), BV/TV (ρ = 0.36, p = 0.032), DA (ρ = -0.51, p = 0.002), and hydroxyapatite density (ρ = 0.42, p = 0.049).

Conclusion
Dark-field radiography is a feasible modality for drawing conclusions on bone microarchitecture in human cadaveric vertebral bone.

Relevance statement
Gaining knowledge of the microarchitecture of bone contributes crucially to predicting bone strength in osteoporosis. This novel radiographic approach based on dark-field x-rays provides insights into bone microstructure at a lower radiation exposure than that of CT modalities.

Key Points

Dark-field radiography can give information on bone microstructure with low radiation exposure.

The dark-field signal correlated positively with bone microstructure parameters.

Dark-field signal correlated negatively with the degree of anisotropy.

Dark-field radiography helps to determine the directionality of trabecular loss.

Graphical Abstract
Awareness of environmental carcinogens and cancer risk among Jordanians
Authors: El Gazzar Walaa B. , Al-Hashaikeh Qusai I. , Al Maslooki Bara’ A. , Qarout Doa K. , Abdin Youssef M. , Hamad Mohammad O. , Al Shuraiqi Qutaiba A. , Al-Madi Balqees F. , Bassiouni Joumana A. , Nabil Nashwa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
In light of the existing body of scientific data, many substances are now recognized or reasonably assumed to be human carcinogens. Public knowledge about modifiable environmental carcinogens is regarded as a crucial first step in primary prevention. This study aimed to assess Jordanians' awareness of some of the recognized environmental human carcinogens and general cancer information.

Methods
This study was conducted using a cross-sectional descriptive survey based on a questionnaire completed by Jordanian participants aged 18 or above. The questions consisted of the following sections: socio-demographic characteristics, questions about the prevalent and non-prevalent cancer types in Jordan and general causes of cancer, closed-ended questions to evaluate knowledge about environmental carcinogens as well as factors that influence the development of cancer, source of knowledge about carcinogens and interest in learning about human carcinogens, and the best way for prevention of cancer.

Results
A total of 579 questionnaires were completed. Among respondents, 55.6% (n = 322) had a knowledge score ≥ 8 indicating good knowledge. However, low awareness was demonstrated regarding cancer-causing substances such as wood dust, Nitrosamines, Aflatoxins, Formaldehyde, Naphthalene, Asbestos, Benzene, and Arsenic. A significant portion of the participants failed to categorize infectious pathogens linked to cancer as variables that either cause cancer or raise the risk of developing cancer.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated a good level of awareness regarding some environmental carcinogens but also highlighted the lack of knowledge about other environmental carcinogens. These findings may provide a guide for future awareness programs by health authorities.