bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD44v9 is associated with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and poor outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Taniguchi Daisuke , Saeki Hiroshi , Nakashima Yuichiro , Kudou Kensuke , Nakanishi Ryota , Kubo Nobuhide , Ando Koji , Oki Eiji , Oda Yoshinao , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCD44 serves as a marker of cancer stem cells. Alternative splicing generates the CD44v9 isoform. Cancer stem cells are associated with the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in cancers, although little is known about their role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we aimed to clarify the relationship between CD44v9 expression, the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and clinicopathological features of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CD44v9 levels were higher at the tumor invasive front compared with the center of the tumor and higher in metastatic lymph nodes compared with primary tumors. High levels of CD44v9 at the tumor invasive front were significantly associated with deeper tumor invasion and shorter overall survival and recurrence‐free survival. The expression of CD44v9 was increased by treatment with transforming growth factor‐β, which induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells to undergo the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Moreover, inhibition of CD44v9 expression decreased the migration and invasiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. These results indicate that the expression of CD44v9 at the tumor invasive front induced by stemness was strongly associated with the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and poor prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CD44v9 may therefore serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
A 39‐year‐old man with schizophrenia and tuberous sclerosis with a delusion of being a pregnant woman—A case report
Authors: AlZamil Nada Adeeb , Alkhalifa Eiman Abdulhameed , Azzoni Faten 
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe present a case of a married man, known case of schizophrenia and tuberous sclerosis, who presented with delusion of pregnancy along with other psychotic symptoms. This type of delusion can be attributed to wish fulfillment as the patient has been married for seven years without being able to conceive.
The S−S Bridge: A Mixed Experimental‐Computational Estimation of the Equilibrium Structure of Diphenyl Disulfide
Authors: Demaison Jean , Vogt Natalja , Saragi Rizalina Tama , Juanes Marcos , Rudolph Heinz Dieter , Lesarri Alberto 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe disulfide bridge (−S−S−) is an important structural motif in organic and protein chemistry, but only a few accurate equilibrium structures are documented. We report the results of supersonic‐jet microwave spectroscopy experiments on the rotational spectra of diphenyl disulfide, C6H5−S−S−C6H5 (including all 13C and 34S monosubstituted isotopologues), and the determination of the equilibrium structure by the mixed estimation (ME) method. A single conformation of C2 symmetry was observed in the gas phase. This disulfide is a challenging target since its structure is determined by 34 independent parameters. Additionally, ab initio calculations revealed the presence of three low‐frequency vibrations (<50 cm−1) associated to phenyl torsions which would prevent the calculation of an accurate force field. For this reason, instead of the semiexperimental method, we used the mass‐dependent (rm) method to fit the structural parameters concurrently to moments of inertia and predicate parameters, affected with appropriate uncertainties. The predicates were obtained by high‐level quantum‐chemical computations. A careful analysis of the results of different fits and a comparison with the ab initio optimizations confirms the validity of the used methods, providing detailed structural information on the title compound and the disulfide bridge.
Ionic Liquids as Solvents for SN2 Processes. Demonstration of the Complex Interplay of Interactions Resulting in the Observed Solvent Effects
Authors: Schaffarczyk McHale Karin S. , Haines Ronald S. , Harper Jason B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions between triphenylphosphine and benzylic electrophiles have been examined in an ionic liquid to probe interactions with species along the reaction coordinate. Trends in the rate constant were found on both varying the leaving group and the electronic nature of the aromatic ring. In all the cases considered, interactions between the components of the ionic liquid and the transition state were shown to be more significant in determining reaction outcome than previously observed for this class of reaction. This demonstrates the importance of considering interactions of the ionic liquid components with all species along the reaction coordinate when investigating the origin of ionic liquid solvent effects, along with how such effects might be exploited.
Community structure dynamics and carbon stock change of rehabilitated mangrove forests in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Cameron Clint , Hutley Lindsay B. , Friess Daniel A. , Brown Benjamin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo date, discourse associated with the potential application of “blue carbon” within real‐world carbon markets has focused on blue carbon as a mitigation strategy in the context of avoided deforestation (e.g., REDD+). Here, we report structural dynamics and carbon storage gains from mangrove sites that have undergone rehabilitation to ascertain whether reforestation can complement conservation activities and warrant project investment. Replicated sites at two locations with contrasting geomorphic conditions were selected, Tiwoho and Tanakeke on the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. These locations are representative of high (Tiwoho, deep muds and silty substrates) and low (Tanakeke, shallow, coralline sands) productivity mangrove ecosystems. They share a similar management history of clearing and conversion for aquaculture before restorative activities were undertaken using the practice of Ecological Mangrove Rehabilitation (EMR). Species diversity and mean biomass carbon storage gains after 10 yr of regrowth from the high productivity sites of Tiwoho (49.2 ± 9.1 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1) are already almost of one‐third of mean biomass stocks exhibited by mature forests (167.8 ± 30.3 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1). Tiwoho's EMR sites, on average, will have offset all biomass C that was initially lost through conversion within the next 11 yr, a finding in marked contrast to the minimal carbon gains observed on the low productivity, low diversity, coral atoll EMR sites of Tanakeke (1.1 ± 0.4 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1). These findings highlight the importance of geomorphic and biophysical site selection if the primary purpose of EMR is intended to maximize carbon sequestration gains.
Demographic processes limit upward altitudinal range expansion in a threatened tropical palm
Authors: Souza Aline C. de , Portela Rita C. Q. , de Mattos Eduardo A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that determine species’ range limits is a key issue in ecology, and is fundamental for biodiversity conservation under widespread global environmental change. Elucidating how altitudinal variation affects demographic processes may provide important clues for understanding the factors limiting current and future species distributions, yet population dynamics at range limits are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that lower abundance at a species’ upper altitudinal range limit is related to lower vital rates. We compared the dynamics of two populations of the tropical palm Euterpe edulis, located near and at the edge of its altitudinal limit of distribution in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Data from four annual censuses, from 2012 to 2015, were used. We used matrix population models to estimate asymptotic population growth rates and the elasticity values for the vital rates of the two populations of E. edulis. Life table response experiments were used to compare population performance by measuring the contribution of each vital rate to population growth rates. Population growth rates were not significantly different from one in either population, indicating that both populations were stable during the study period. However, the abundance of all ontogenetic stages was lower at the altitudinal range limit, which was related to decreases in some vital rates, especially fecundity. Additionally, there were higher elasticity values for the survival of immatures and reproductive individuals, compared to all other vital rates, in both populations. Synthesis. Our results show that even a small‐scale environmental variation near range limits is sufficient to drive changes in the demography of this threatened palm. A minor increase in elevation approaching the limit of altitudinal distribution may reduce environmental suitability and affect population vital rates, thus contributing to setting upper altitudinal range limits for plants.
Temperature effects on prey and basal resources exceed that of predators in an experimental community
Authors: Thakur Madhav P. , Griffin John N. , Künne Tom , Dunker Susanne , Fanesi Andrea , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: November 2018

AbstractClimate warming alters the structure of ecological communities by modifying species interactions at different trophic levels. Yet, the consequences of warming‐led modifications in biotic interactions at higher trophic levels on lower trophic groups are lesser known. Here, we test the effects of multiple predator species on prey population size and traits and subsequent effects on basal resources along an experimental temperature gradient (12–15°C, 17–20°C, and 22–25°C). We experimentally assembled food web modules with two congeneric predatory mites (Hypoaspis miles and Hypoaspis aculeifer) and two Collembola prey species (Folsomia candida and Proisotoma minuta) on a litter and yeast mixture as the basal resources. We hypothesized that warming would modify interactions within and between predator species, and that these alterations would cascade to basal resources via changes in the density and traits (body size and lipid: protein ratio) of the prey species. The presence of congeners constrained the growth of the predatory species independent of warming despite warming increased predator density in their respective monocultures. We found that warming effects on both prey and basal resources were greater than the effects of predator communities. Our results further showed opposite effects of warming on predator (increase) and prey densities (decrease), indicating a warming‐induced trophic mismatch, which are likely to alter food web structures. We highlight that warmer environments can restructure food webs by its direct effects on lower trophic groups even without modifying top‐down effects.
Ranging patterns, spatial overlap, and association with dolphin morbillivirus exposure in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) along the Georgia, USA coast
Authors: Balmer Brian , Zolman Eric , Rowles Teri , Smith Cynthia , Townsend Forrest , Fauquier Deborah , George Clay , Goldstein Tracey , Hansen Larry , Quigley Brian , McFee Wayne , Morey Jeanine , Rosel Patricia , Saliki Jerry , Speakman Todd , Schwacke Lori 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDuring 2013–2015, an outbreak of dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) occurred in the western North Atlantic, which resulted in the stranding of over 1,600 common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). There are currently five coastal and 10 bay, sound, and estuary dolphin stocks along the U.S. Atlantic coast, yet there is very limited understanding of which stocks were exposed to DMV during the recent outbreak, or how DMV was transmitted across stocks. In order to address these questions, information is needed on spatial overlap and stock interactions. The goals of this project were to determine ranging patterns, prevalence of DMV, and spatial overlap of the South Carolina‐Georgia (SC‐GA) Coastal Stock, and adjacent Southern Georgia Estuarine System (SGES) Stock. During September 2015, a health assessment and telemetry study was conducted in which 19 dolphins were captured, tested for antibodies to DMV, and satellite tagged. Dolphins were classified into one of three ranging patterns (Coastal, Sound, or Estuary) based upon telemetry data. Coastal dolphins (likely members of the SC‐GA Coastal Stock) had a significantly higher prevalence of positive DMV antibody titers (0.67; N = 2/3), than Sound and Estuary dolphins (likely members of the SGES Stock) (0.13; N = 2/16). These results suggest that the SC‐GA Coastal Stock may have experienced greater exposure to DMV as compared to the SGES Stock. However, due to the small size of the SGES Stock and its exposure to high levels of persistent contaminants, this stock may be particularly vulnerable to DMV infection in the future.
Emigration propensity and flight performance are decoupled in a butterfly
Authors: Reim Elisabeth , Baguette Michel , Günter Franziska , Fischer Klaus 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDispersal, defined as any movements potentially leading to gene flow, is a major process driving a species’ capacity to cope with human‐induced environmental modifications. However, the dispersal process is multi‐causal, which currently hinders predictions regarding a species’ resilience to global change. We used a multifaceted approach to disentangle the relative importance of a suite of dispersal‐related factors in the butterfly Lycaena tityrus, including condition‐ (morphology and behavior) and context‐ (environmental) dependent factors. Experiments were conducted at an experimental platform dedicated to study dispersal, the Metatron, to record emigration propensity in two‐patch experimental metapopulations under different environmental conditions. The butterflies’ individual condition was subsequently assessed in the laboratory. Individual condition did not generally influence emigration propensity. We detected a significant sex bias in emigration propensity, being generally higher in females than in males, but in a context‐dependent manner. The environmental context affected emigration propensity, which was higher when habitat quality was poor. Our results show that emigration is not random in L. tityrus, but is rather an active process triggered by sex and habitat quality. Our main finding was that individual condition, and particularly flight ability measured by a performance test, was not related to emigration propensity in experimental metapopulations. Our results may have important implications for forecasting future species distributions, as deteriorating environmental contexts are likely to increase emigration whatever the individual condition is.
Delayed spring onset drives declines in abundance and recruitment in a mountain ungulate
Authors: Rattenbury Kumi L. , Schmidt Joshua H. , Swanson David K. , Borg Bridget L. , Mangipane Buck A. , Sousanes Pam J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChanges in climate are driving widespread landscape changes in northern ecosystems, altering the size and distribution of wildlife populations over multi‐decadal time scales. Extreme weather events are also expected to become more common over time, affecting a variety of species, and mountain ungulates may be particularly susceptible because they occupy habitats with particularly harsh winter weather conditions. To explore the impacts of weather conditions and adverse weather events as population drivers, we surveyed Dall's sheep throughout their latitudinal range in Alaska and assessed lamb production and population trend in relation to end of the continuous snow season (CSS) as a measure of spring onset. In 2013, spring onset was extraordinarily late, providing an opportunity to directly assess the impacts of variability in weather on sheep population dynamics. We hypothesized that the timing of the end of the CSS would have greater impacts in arctic areas where conditions are presumably most limiting. We found that lamb production was negatively related to the annual timing of the end of the CSS and was near 0 in arctic areas in 2013. The 2013 event was also associated with ~40–70% declines in overall sheep numbers in arctic areas, indicating adult survival was also impacted. Overall, our results suggest that expected increases in adverse weather events may have direct, lasting impacts on mountain ungulate populations and that these impacts can be expected to be most extreme for populations occurring at northern range limits where growing season conditions are most restricted.
The importance of kelp to an intertidal ecosystem varies by trophic level: insights from amino acid δ13C analysis
Authors: Elliott Smith Emma A. , Harrod Chris , Newsome Seth D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA fundamental question in ecology is understanding how energy and nutrients move through and between food webs, and which sources of production support consumers. In marine ecosystems, these basic questions have been challenging to answer given the limitation of observational methods. Stable isotope analysis of essential amino acids (EAA δ13C) has great potential as a tool to quantify energy and nutrient flow through marine food webs; however, it has been primarily utilized at large spatial scales. Here, we used EAA δ13C analysis to test for connectivity between adjacent subtidal and intertidal components of a nearshore ecosystem in south central Alaska. We measured δ13C of six EAA from four marine producer groups: subtidal kelp (Laminaria sp.), offshore particulate organic matter (POM), and intertidal red (Neorhodomela sp.) and green (Ulva sp.) algae. In addition, we sampled four intertidal invertebrate consumer species spanning a range of trophic/functional groups: Mytilus sp., Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, Nucella sp., and Pycnopodia helianthoides. Using canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) and isotope mixing models (MixSIAR), we tested for differences among producer EAA δ13C fingerprints and quantified the contribution of producer EAA to consumers. We compared these results to previously published EAA δ13C data on marine producers to examine the generality of this technique. We found the EAA δ13C fingerprints of subtidal kelps (Laminaria), Ulva, and Neorhodomela were highly distinct from one another. Further, our measured EAA δ13C patterns for kelp and red algae matched those previously reported from other localities, suggesting unique and universal EAA δ13C signatures for these groups. However, CAP could not distinguish between microalgae (POM) and Ulva, possibly due to similar biochemical pathways for the synthesis of EAA. Using these producer fingerprints, we found upper trophic‐level invertebrate consumers, Nucella and Pycnopodia, derived more than 60% of their essential amino acids from subtidal kelps. In contrast, the sampled primary consumers in the system, Mytilus and Strongylocentrotus, relied more heavily on Ulva and/or offshore POM. Our results provide evidence for connectivity between two adjacent nearshore ecosystems and exemplify EAA δ13C as a powerful new tool in tracing energy and nutrient flow within and among marine food webs.
Regiospecific Remote Pt–H Interactions in Oligomethylene‐Vaulted (N^C^N)‐Pincer PtII Complexes
Authors: Komiya Naruyoshi , Hosokawa Takashi , Adachi Junya , Inoue Ryo , Kawamorita Soichiro , Naota Takeshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Naruyoshi Komiya and Takeshi Naota from Osaka University and The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. The cover image shows the regiospecific remote activation of inactivated C–H bonds of long alkyl chains in oligomethylene‐vaulted Pt complexes.
Formation and Rearrangement of Reduced Diiminepyridine Complexes of Zr and Hf
Authors: Rahimi Naser , Herbert David E. , Budzelaar Peter H. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Peter H.àM. Budzelaar, who recently moved from the University of Manitoba (Winnipeg, Canada) to the University of Naples Federico II (Italy). The cover image shows the very different structures of formally divalent Hf and Zr diiminepyridine complexes.
Redox‐Polysilsesquioxane Film as a New Chloride Storage Electrode for Desalination Batteries
Authors: Silambarasan Krishnamoorthy , Joseph James 
Published: November 2018

Desalination battery is an emerging concept used in electrochemical technology to solve the problems in sea water desalination. However, identifying an efficient and reversible chloride (Cl−) storage electrode is a major challenge for the development of desalination batteries. A new membraneless, reversible desalination battery consisting of an efficient, reversible, high‐capacity Cl− storage electrode, ferrocyanide molecule immobilized polysilsesquioxane (redox‐PSQ), in combination with the cation storage material, a nickel hexacyanoferrate film in real sea water, is described. The redox‐PSQ polymer is superior over the other reported Cl− storage electrodes (Ag and Bi electrodes) in terms of cost, stability, reversibility, and Cl− ion removal capacity in real‐time applications. About 164 mg L−1 of Cl− ion is removed from natural sea water per 7.6 × 10−8 mol cm−2 surface concentration of electrode material with 98% coulombic efficiency. During the desalination process, alkali ions move toward nickel hexacyanoferrate and Cl− ions moves toward the redox‐PSQ film from the sea water. During the salination process, the stored ions are recovered from the electrode surface as a result of partial energy recovery. Furthermore, this electrode also removes the sulfate ion present in the sea water by the electrostatic adsorption phenomenon. In addition, a high‐voltage (2.3 V), Mg//redox‐PSQ polymer cell is constructed with a red light‐emitting diode that glows during the salination process.
Preparation of Flexible Self‐Supporting 3D SiOx‐Based Membrane Anodes with Stabilized Electrochemical Performances for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kang Tianxing , Ma Zhen , Zuo Xiaoxi , Xiao Xin , Nan Junmin 
Published: November 2018

Three‐dimensional (3D) SiOx‐based membrane anodes with stabilized electrochemical performances for lithium‐ion batteries are fabricated ingeniously using high‐capacity SiOx active material. The flexible self‐supporting substances of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and carbon nanotubes are chosen as the supporting substances, which not only provide the 3D framework for the flexible self‐supporting membrane but also act as a protective layer with enhanced conductive pathway. In particular, this unique 3D structure can prevent the SiOx surface from contacting the electrolyte directly and can buffer the volumetric expansion of SiOx particles. This optimized membrane anode exhibits a high reversible specific capacity of 1436 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention rate of 88% after 100 cycles. In addition, it also demonstrates an outstanding rate performance, a specific capacity of 1245 mAh g−1 is obtained at 1200 mA g−1, which is about 91% at 100 mA g−1. The stabilized performances of the as‐prepared membrane anodes indicate their promising prospects in the practical applications, and the fabricating method also provides a reference for the preparation of other flexible self‐supporting membrane electrodes.