bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence in House Price Cycles across the US: Recent Developments and the Impact of Covid
Authors: Miles William , Zhu Xiaoyang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe co-movement of house prices across different regional markets has important implications for portfolio management, the conduct of monetary policy and labor mobility. Previous research examining several decades of co-movement has found price cohesion between US regions rising steadily from the mid-1990s or mid-2000s. Using a more recent data set, and applying more recently developed filters than previous studies employed, we find instead that by one filter cyclical co-movement has dropped since the early 1980s, and although it has fluctuated has displayed no sustained upward trend since. A second filter leads to a measure showing that co-movement did drop in the mid-1980s, and recovered in the mid-1990s. However, this recovery has not been steady, and has been marked by a number of declines in cohesion. Indeed, both filters show a drop in cohesion over the covid quarters and an increase in the variation between regions regarding how closely housing markets co-move. This was due to more extreme dispersion in house price movements across regions compared with what had prevailed in previous years. We note that the Pacific region, which had the fastest-growing prices in the US since the 1970s, grew the least of any market after the first year of the pandemic, while lower-cost regions experienced more rapid price increases during this period. These results are consistent with studies which have found covid led to a “flattening” of the gradient between neighborhoods with high and low-cost housing. We find some evidence that regions with a higher percentage of their workforces working-from-home experienced lower house price growth relative to other regions post-pandemic.
Bureaucracy, work organization, and the transition to entrepreneurship
Authors: Holm Jacob Rubæk , Nielsen Kristian , Timmermans Bram 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEmpirical studies have often established a negative relationship between the size of a firm where an individual is employed and the probability of that individual subsequently founding a business. This literature suggests that size captures work organization—particularly bureaucracy—and that bureaucracy affects the transition to entrepreneurship. However, many studies find that firm size is a poor proxy of work organization and, therefore, calls for empirical research exploring the link between specific measures of work organization and the transition to entrepreneurship. We create a measure of work organization from survey data—ranging from bureaucracy to adhocracy. We then combine this with longitudinal matched employer–employee register data and investigate different types of entrepreneurial transitions for individuals triggered by a mass worker displacement event. We find that work organization significantly affects several measures of transition, with possible implications for the policies and institutional settings that condition firms’ organization of work.
Transgender Knowledge Mediates U.S. Political Differences in Prejudice and Support for Trans-inclusive Policies
Authors: Zell Ethan , Burnett Meriel I. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere are sharp U.S. political differences in transgender attitudes, with liberals expressing much more favorable attitudes and support for trans-inclusive policies than conservatives. Transgender attitudes likely contribute to numerous public policies that are being passed or considered, including policies that impact transgender health, safety, and well-being. Thus, it is imperative to understand why vast partisan differences in transgender attitudes occur. Here we present two preregistered studies examining whether transgender knowledge (i.e., knowledge about transgender identities, experiences, causes, and health care) differs in Democrats versus Republicans, and whether knowledge mediates political differences in attitudes and policy support (N = 439, Prolific). Participants completed a transgender quiz, followed by measures of transgender prejudice and support for trans-inclusive policies. Democrats had superior transgender knowledge compared to Republicans (ds > 1.39). Further, as predicted, transgender knowledge significantly mediated political differences in transgender prejudice and policy support. Exploratory analyses found that the predicted mediation effects held when knowledge was operationalized in different ways and after adjusting for demographic covariates. These data suggest that knowledge gaps help to explain political differences in transgender attitudes and may stimulate additional work on how to improve such knowledge.
The polytope of optimal approximate designs: extending the selection of informative experiments
Authors: Harman Radoslav , Filová Lenka , Rosa Samuel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConsider the problem of constructing an experimental design, optimal for estimating parameters of a given statistical model with respect to a chosen criterion. To address this problem, the literature usually provides a single solution. Often, however, there exists a rich set of optimal designs, and the knowledge of this set can lead to substantially greater freedom to select an appropriate experiment. In this paper, we demonstrate that the set of all optimal approximate designs generally corresponds to a polytope. Particularly important elements of the polytope are its vertices, which we call vertex optimal designs. We prove that the vertex optimal designs possess unique properties, such as small supports, and outline strategies for how they can facilitate the construction of suitable experiments. Moreover, we show that for a variety of situations it is possible to construct the vertex optimal designs with the assistance of a computer, by employing error-free rational-arithmetic calculations. In such cases the vertex optimal designs are exact, often closely related to known combinatorial designs. Using this approach, we were able to determine the polytope of optimal designs for some of the most common multifactor regression models, thereby extending the choice of informative experiments for a large variety of applications.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Sarcosphaera (Ascomycota: Pezizales) in Europe and North America revealed unexpected diversity
Authors: Borovička Jan , Kolařík Miroslav , Halasů Viktorie , Perini Claudia , Parker Andrew D. , Gryndler Milan , Cohen Joseph D. , Hršelová Hana , Pastorino Ron , Žigová Anna , Parra Sánchez Luis Alberto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSarcosphaera (Ascomycota: Pezizales) is a genus of rare spring fungi, currently encompassing a single species, S. coronaria, which is red-listed in many European countries. The genus is characterized by large bright-colored fruit-bodies and high arsenic content. This study investigates the genetic diversity across Europe and North America. Using integrated molecular techniques, including ITS and 28S rDNA sequencing, we aimed to resolve the taxonomic ambiguities and assess their arsenic hyperaccumulation capabilities, a rare trait among fungi. We identified the presence of two species in the Western Palearctic (S. coronaria, S. crassa) and at least 12 additional lineages in North America, indicating a more complex taxonomic structure than previously recognized. To consolidate the taxonomy and nomenclature of these fungi, we selected reference specimens for S. coronaria and S. crassa and discussed their morphological and ecological differences. Two genera, Caulocarpa (C. montana) and Hydnotryopsis (H. setchellii), a genus comprising hypogeous fungi, are newly placed in the genus Sarcosphaera. Sarcosphaera is thus another genus where the rapid evolution of hypogeous forms from their above-ground ancestors took place. Furthermore, two new Sarcosphaera species, S. columbiana and S. pacifica, are described from the Pacific Northwest. Investigation of arsenic content of Sarcosphaera species revealed that arsenic mass fractions in ascocarps vary significantly between species and even within species across different geographical locations. Our findings have important implications for the taxonomy and conservation of the S. coronaria species complex and also point to future directions for further research in the taxonomy, geomycology, and toxicology of this group of fungi.
Prospects of Direct Microbial Conversion of Sugars to Acrylic Acid in a Sugarcane Biorefinery: Techno-Economic and Environmental Comparison of Conventional and Extractive Fermentation
Authors: Sikazwe Manasseh K. , Louw Jeanne , Görgens Johann F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProduction of acrylic acid (AA) via direct microbial conversion of sugars may offer substantial economic and environmental benefits compared to indirect sugars conversion via chemical intermediates. However, further improvements to the performances of direct microbial bioconversions are required to allow industrial large-scale implementation. The benefits in terms of minimum selling price (MSP) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with such improvements to bioprocess performances were assessed through a Full-factorial (FF) assessment. Aspen Plus® simulations of direct sugars conversion to AA in a biorefinery retrofitted to a typical sugarcane mill were built using either conventional fermentation (S1-AA-CF) or extractive fermentation (S2-AA-EF). At current-best performances the MSP of S2-AA-EF is 25 times lower than for S1-AA-CF, while having 97.5% fewer GHG emissions. The lowest achievable MSPs from feasible improvements to microbe and bioprocess performances for S1-AA-CF and S2-AA-EF were 65.4% and 29.6% below the fossil-based price, respectively. The desired performance of the conventional fermentation route is dependent on strain engineering to alleviate AA product-inhibition, allowing for titres of 52 gAA. L−1 or more to be achieved in a fed-batch bioprocess. Thus, extractive fermentation is recommended as the preferred route for direct microbial conversion of sugars to AA.
Graphical Abstract
Factors influencing pregnant women’s decision to accept or decline prenatal screening and diagnosis – a qualitative study
Authors: Ternby Ellen , Axelsson Ove , Ingvoldstad Malmgren Charlotta , Georgsson Susanne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and Objective: Prenatal diagnosis for chromosomal anomalies is frequently used worldwide. It is important that pregnant women receive adequate counselling to make informed decisions regarding prenatal diagnosis. The aim of this study was to explore what factors influence pregnant women’s decision-making process when accepting or declining prenatal screening and diagnosis. Methods: A qualitative study using inductive qualitative content analysis. Individual, semi-structured phone interviews were carried out during a five-month period in 2016–2017 with 24 pregnant women in the first trimester, living in a medium-sized Swedish city. Findings: Two main themes emerged: (1)“Individual factors - The women’s experiences, perceptions and values” with three categories “Attitude towards anomalies”, “Worry and need for reassurance”, “Self-perceived risk” and (2)“External factors - The women’s perception of the test and others’ views” with two categories “Test characteristics” and “Influence from others”. Conclusions: Pregnant women’s decision-making process regarding prenatal tests is multidimensional, affected by both individual factors such as experiences, perceptions and values, and external factors such as test characteristics and influence from others. Information about both test characteristics and the conditions tested is of help pregnant women in the decision-making process since it provides a better understanding of how having a child with the condition in question can affect them and their family. It is important that healthcare professionals giving information about and offering prenatal tests for chromosomal anomalies are aware of how their attitudes can influence women’s decisions.
Depiction of Drought Over Africa in the Light of Changing Climate from CMIP6 Models
Authors: Yahaya Ibrahim , Zhou Jian , Jiang Shan , Xu Runhong H. , Huang Jinlong , Su Buda , Jing Cheng , Qiu Fangdao , Jiang Tong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDrought stands as a prevalent weather-related natural climatic disaster on a global scale. This study employs twenty GCMs from CMIP6 to investigate hydrological drought characteristics (frequency, duration, and intensity) across Africa under four SSPs (shared socioeconomic pathway) scenarios: SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 spanning three designated periods: 2021–2040 (near-term), 2041–2060 (mid-term), and 2081–2100 (long-term). The (SPEI) at a 12-month scale and employs bias correction on the multi-model ensemble mean extracted from GCMs of the CMIP6 project via cumulative distribution function (CDF). Mann–Kendall approach was implemented for trend and the SPEI-12-based drought trend from 1979 to 2014 displays a negative trajectory of − 0.05/a for Africa, with similar figures for specific regions: Northern Africa (NAF) at − 0.06/a, Sahara (SAH) at − 0.05/a, Western Africa (WAF) at − 0.01/a, Central Africa (CAF) at − 0.02/a, Eastern Africa (EAF) at − 0.06/a, and Southern Africa (SAF) at − 0.03/a. Notably, the severe drought characteristics are manifested as a 6-month duration, 12 occurrences, and an intensity of − 1.9 events over Africa. The highest duration and frequency are observed over NAF at 7.5-month and 15.1 occurrences, respectively, while the most extreme intensity of − 2.3 events is noted over SAH. In addition, future droughts are expected to be lower frequency, extended duration, and more intense. Extreme scenarios indicate values of − 2.1, − 2.2, and − 2.6 events for Africa in the periods 2021–2040, 2041–2060, and 2081–2100, respectively, compared to − 1.99 in the historical period. The intensity of the drought is expected to increase across all sub-regions, with SAH and NAF projecting the worst conditions with − 2.4, − 2.8, and − 3.0 events respectively for SAH and − 2.2, − 2.7, and − 3.0 events for NAF. Africa’s droughts are predicted to last 6, 8, and 13 months, significantly longer than the usual 4-month period. As the historical events of 17 times is anticipated to drop to 6, 5, and 3 times, respectively. The insights derived from this study could provide a foundational basis for devising effective drought adaptation strategies in Africa. Given the anticipated severity of drought events, prioritizing plans to cope with such challenges is of paramount importance.
Investigation of Uncovering Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol-Induced Female Infertility—A Rational Approach
Authors: Lubau Natasha Sura Anak , Chengebroyen Neevashini , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which chronic alcohol consumption impacts female infertility, highlighting significant societal implications. By conducting a comprehensive literature review, we examined existing evidence on the association between long-term alcohol use and female reproductive health. Relevant studies were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases and key journals. We synthesized information on the molecular pathways affected by alcohol consumption, with particular emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormonal disruptions. Additionally, we reviewed efforts to address alcohol-related health issues, including public health interventions, regulatory measures, and educational initiatives. Our study found strong evidence linking chronic alcohol consumption to increased mortality rates and a range of preventable diseases globally. Alcohol's effects extend beyond physiological consequences to psychological, social, and economic burdens. Chronic alcohol consumption disrupts hormonal balance and reproductive function, contributing to female infertility. Future research should focus on quantifying mortality risks associated with alcohol consumption, understanding gender-specific patterns in alcohol-related health outcomes, and elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying female infertility. Addressing these gaps will inform strategies to mitigate the burden of alcohol-induced health issues and promote overall well-being. Collaborative efforts among diverse stakeholders are essential for advancing research agendas and translating findings into effective interventions.
Achieving microstructural homogeneity in the stir zone across thick AA6061 welds using self-reacting bobbin tool friction stir welding
Authors: Mishra Aishwary , Patel Md Saad , Hussain Ilyas , Tripathi Gaurav Chandra , Choudary Atul Kumar , Chakravarthy P. , Jain Rahul , Immanuel R. Jose 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study focuses into strategizing the usage of self-reacting bobbin tool friction stir welding (SRBT-FSW) to obtain consistent microstructural homogeneity along the thickness of AA6061 aluminium alloy (AA) thick plates during welding. The SRBT-FSW technology, distinguished by its dual-shoulder design, represents a significant step forward in FSW by eliminating the requirement for a backing anvil and promoting balanced heat distribution. This study seeks to address the issues of maintaining uniform microstructural characteristics throughout the weld zone, which is crucial for the mechanical performance and durability of welded joints in structural applications. The experimental study entails the systematic welding of AA6061 plates of 6 mm thickness using a self-reacting bobbin tool under a fixed processing condition. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterize the grain structure and phase distribution over the weld. Mechanical parameters like as tensile strength and hardness were determined to establish correlations between microstructure and mechanical performance. The results demonstrated that SRBT-FSW significantly enhances microstructural homogeneity across the weld zone, leading to improved mechanical properties. In the Bottom Zone (BZ), a refined grain structure with an average grain size (AGS) of 3.53 µm and a random or weak texture was observed, contributing to enhanced hardness and mechanical performance, with an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 220 MPa. In contrast, the Top Zone (TZ) exhibited a coarser AGS of 4.33 µm with a pronounced {111} crystallographic texture, resulting in a slightly lower UTS of 205 MPa. The Middle Zone (MZ), influenced by the greater heat input from both the TZ and BZ, showed an intermediate AGS of 3.99 µm, predominantly oriented along the {101} plane, and achieved a UTS of 194 MPa, with a slight reduction in ductility. This study highlights the potential of self-reacting bobbin tool friction stir welding as a reliable method for making high-quality, homogeneous welds in thick aluminium plates and paving way for their wider application in the aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding industries, where homogeneous microstructural qualities are of significant importance.
Automatic detection of landslide impact areas using Google Earth Engine
Authors: Yang Yu-En , Yu Teng-To , Chen Chun-Yuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research introduces an effective framework for automatically detecting landslide impact areas using Google Earth Engine (GEE). The Asia–Pacific region frequently experiences earthquakes and heavy rainfall, leading to frequent landslides that cause loss of life and property. Focusing on landslide catalogues from Taiwan and Japan, the study proposes an automatic landslide detection process using a new method termed multi-bitemporal images (MBTIs), which involves the collection of accumulated changes over time. First, set the event date and collect all images before and after the event. Second, analyse the change pixels in bi-temporal images. Third, review all change pixels to determine the total amount of accumulated changes. This method includes all bi-temporal image sets in the analysis, unlike traditional methods that only use single pairs of bi-temporal images. Clouds are filtered using a pixel-based approach and machine learning techniques. The landslide areas are analysed statistically, and appropriate thresholds for automatic landslide detection are suggested. Using reproducibility, which indicates the percentage of bi-temporal images that detect vegetation loss in mountainous areas, the proposed method achieves a 99% reduction in false positives with a reproducibility requirement of 24.21%, while maintaining true positives at 66.89%. This study analyzed 28–720 bi-temporal image sets from various regions using Sentinel-2 data, revealing that subsequent landslides can be 7–293 times larger than co-seismic landslides. In comparison, subsequent landslides were found to be 3–12 times larger than rainfall-induced landslides. Additionally, the impact of earthquake event on subsequent landslides is 2.3–24.4 times greater than that of rainfall-induced event. By using GEE, the accumulation of hundreds of satellite images can be completed within 15 min, depending on the processing requirements.
Impact of online learning on student's performance and engagement: a systematic review
Authors: Akpen Catherine Nabiem , Asaolu Stephen , Atobatele Sunday , Okagbue Hilary , Sampson Sidney 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rapid shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced educational practices worldwide and increased the use of online learning platforms. This systematic review examines the impact of online learning on student engagement and performance, providing a comprehensive analysis of existing studies. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline, a thorough literature search was conducted across different databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and JSTOR for articles published between 2019 and 2024. The review included peer-reviewed studies that assess student engagement and performance in online learning environments. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 studies were selected for detailed analysis. The analysis revealed varied impacts of online learning on student performance and engagement. Some studies reported improved academic performance due to the flexibility and accessibility of online learning, enabling students to learn at their own pace. However, other studies highlighted challenges such as decreased engagement and isolation, and reduced interaction with instructors and peers. The effectiveness of online learning was found to be influenced by factors such as the quality of digital tools, good internet, and student motivation. Maintaining student engagement remains a challenge, effective strategies to improve student engagement such as interactive elements, like discussion forums and multimedia resources, alongside adequate instructor-student interactions, were critical in improving both engagement and performance.