bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of n‐Type Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Performances through Surface Doping with Aminosilanes
Authors: Shin Nara , Zessin Jakob , Lee Min Ho , Hambsch Mike , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDopants, i.e., electronically active impurities, are added to organic semiconductor materials to control the material's Fermi level and conductivity, to improve injection at the device contacts, or to fill trap states in the active device layers and interfaces. In contrast to bulk doping as achieved by blending or co‐deposition of dopant and semiconductor, surface doping has a lower propensity to introduce additional traps or scattering centers or to even alter the layer morphology relative to the undoped active material layers. In this study, the electrical effects of a very simple, post‐device‐fabrication surface doping process involving various amine group–containing alkoxysilanes on the performance of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) made from the well‐known n‐type materials PTCDI‐C8 and N2200 are researched. It is demonstrated that OFETs doped in such a way generally show enhanced characteristics (up to 10 times mobility increase and a significant reduction in threshold voltage) without any adverse effects on the devices' on/off ratio. It is also shown that the efficiency of the doping process is linked to the number of amine groups.
Capacitively Coupled Hybrid Ion Gel and Carbon Nanotube Thin‐Film Transistors for Low Voltage Flexible Logic Circuits
Authors: Choi Yongsuk , Kang Joohoon , Secor Ethan B. , Sun Jia , Kim Hyoungjun , Lim Jung Ah , Kang Moon Sung , Hersam Mark C. , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe lamination of a high‐capacitance ion gel dielectric layer onto semiconducting carbon nanotube (CNT) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) that are bottom‐gated with a low‐capacitance polymer dielectric layer drastically reduces the operating voltage of the devices resulting from the capacitive coupling effect between the two dielectric layers sandwiching the CNT channel. As the CNT channel has a network structure, only a compact area of ion gel is required to make the capacitive coupling effect viable, unlike the planar channels of previously reported transistors that required a substantially larger area of ion gel dielectric layer to induce the coupling effect. The capacitively coupled CNT TFTs possess superlative electrical characteristics such as high carrier mobilities (42.0 cm2 (Vs)−1 for holes and 59.1 cm2 (Vs)−1 for electrons), steep subthreshold swings (160 mV dec−1 for holes and 100 mV dec−1 for electrons), and low gate leakage currents (<1 nA). These devices can be further integrated to form complex logic circuits on flexible substrates with high mechanical resilience. The layered geometry of the device coupled with scalable solution‐based fabrication has significant potential for large‐scale flexible electronics.
New Iron‐Cobalt Oxide Catalysts Promoting BiVO4 Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Songcan , He Tianwei , Yun Jung‐Ho , Hu Yuxiang , Xiao Mu , Du Aijun , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOwing to the sluggish kinetics for water oxidation, severe surface charge recombination is a major energy loss that hinders efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, a simple process is developed for preparing a new type of low‐cost iron‐cobalt oxide (FeCoOx) as an efficient co‐catalyst to suppress the surface charge recombination on bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanodes. The new FeCoOx/BiVO4 photoanode exhibits a high photocurrent density of 4.82 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode under AM 1.5 G illumination, which corresponds to >100% increase compared to that of the pristine BiVO4 photoanode. The photoanode also demonstrates a high charge separation efficiency of ≈90% with excellent stability of over 10 h, indicating the excellent catalytic performance of FeCoOx in the PEC process. Density functional theory calculations and experimental studies reveal that the incorporation of Fe into CoOx generates abundant oxygen vacancies and forms a p‐n heterojunction with BiVO4, which effectively promotes the hole transport/trapping from the BiVO4 photocatalyst and reduces the overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), resulting in remarkably increased photocurrent densities and durability. This work demonstrates a feasible process for depositing cheap FeCoOx as an excellent OER cocatalyst on photoanodes for PEC water splitting.
Hierarchical Biomineralization: from Nature's Designs to Synthetic Materials for Regenerative Medicine and Dentistry
Authors: Elsharkawy Sherif , Mata Alvaro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiomineralization is a highly dynamic, yet controlled, process that many living creatures employ to develop functional tissues such as tooth enamel, bone, and others. A major goal in materials science is to create bioinspired functional structures based on the precise organization of building blocks across multiple length scales. Therefore, learning how nature has evolved to use biomineralization could inspire new ways to design and develop synthetic hierarchical materials with enhanced functionality. Toward this goal, this review dissects the current understanding of structure–function relationships of dental enamel and bone using a materials science perspective and discusses a wide range of synthetic technologies that aim to recreate their hierarchical organization and functionality. Insights into how these strategies could be applied for regenerative medicine and dentistry are also provided.
Multicombination Approach Suppresses Listeria monocytogenes‐Induced Septicemia‐Associated Acute Hepatic Failure: The Role of iRhom2 Signaling
Authors: Xu Min‐Xuan , Ge Chen‐Xu , Qin Yu‐Ting , Gu Ting‐Ting , Lou De‐Shuai , Li Qiang , Hu Lin‐Feng , Tan Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe mortality rate of acute liver failure significantly increases due to fatal septicemia. Inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2) is an essential regulator of shedding TNF‐α by trafficking with TNF‐α converting enzyme (TACE). Fisetin, a flavonoid present in various fruits and plants, possesses anti‐oxidative stress and anti‐inflammatory activities. Here, multi‐combination nanoparticles Fe@Au conjugated with fisetin, iRhom2 small interfering RNA (siRNA), and TNF‐α inhibitor (FN) are prepared to examine their effects on fatal septicemia‐associated hepatic failure induced by Listeria monocytogenes (LM) in mice and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. After LM infection, upregulation of glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminease, glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, TNF‐α, malondialdehyde, H2O2, and O2‐ is observedcompared to FN‐treated mice. The iRhom2/TACE/TNF‐α signals are enhanced in vivo and in vitro, resulting in oxidative stress, which is especially associated with the activation of kupffer cells and other macrophages. Decrease in Nrf2 activation and increase of inflammation‐associated regulators are also noted in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of TNF‐α derived from macrophages aggravates hepatic failure. Inversely, the processes above are restored by FN nanoparticles through the regulation of the iRhom2/TACE/TNF‐α axis and Nrf2 activation. These findings suggest that FN may be a potential approach to protect against bacterial septicemia‐related diseases by targeting iRhom2.
Cold Sintered Ceramic Nanocomposites of 2D MXene and Zinc Oxide
Authors: Guo Jing , Legum Benjamin , Anasori Babak , Wang Ke , Lelyukh Pavel , Gogotsi Yury , Randall Clive A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNanocomposites containing 2D materials have attracted much attention due to their potential for enhancing electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, it has been a challenge to integrate 2D materials into ceramic matrices due to interdiffusion and chemical reactions at high temperatures. A recently reported sintering technique, the cold sintering process (CSP), which densifies ceramics with the assistance of transient aqueous solutions, provides a means to circumvent the aforementioned problems. The efficacious co‐sintering of Ti3C2Tx (MXene), a 2D transition carbide, with ZnO, an oxide matrix, is reported. Using CSP, the ZnO–Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites can be sintered to 92–98% of the theoretical density at 300 °C, while avoiding oxidation or interdiffusion and showing homogeneous distribution of the 2D materials along the ZnO grain boundaries. The electrical conductivity is improved by 1–2 orders of magnitude due to the addition of up to 5 wt% MXene. The hardness and elastic modulus show an increase of 40–50% with 0.5 wt% MXene, and over 150% with 5 wt% of MXene. The successful densification of ZnO–MXene nanocomposite demonstrates that the cold sintering of ceramics with 2D materials is a promising processing route for designing new nanocomposites with a diverse range of applications.
Insights into the Oxidant/Polymer Interfacial Growth of Vapor Phase Polymerized PEDOT Thin Films
Authors: Sharma Anirudh , Andersson Gunther , Rivnay Jonathan , Alvino Jason F. , Metha Gregory F. , Andersson Mats R. , Zuber Kamil , Fabretto Manrico 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe vapor phase polymerization (VPP) technique is used to produce thin films of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiopene) (PEDOT) in which the Fe(III)Tosylate oxidant is altered. The oxidant is changed with the addition of an amphiphilic co‐polymer having different molecular weights, namely 2800 Da. and 5800 Da. Resulting PEDOT films produce conductivities of ≈1500 and ≈3000 S cm−1 respectively. Small angle X‐ray diffraction (SA‐XRD) indicates that the oxidant incorporating the larger molecular weight co‐polymer possesses ordered structure and that this in turn helps “template” the PEDOT during film formation. The structure and composition of the bottom (i.e. initial film formation) and top (i.e. final film formation) PEDOT surfaces are studied using surface sensitive analytical techniques; small angle X‐ray diffraction (SA‐XRD), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), 2D grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (2D‐GIXD), metastable induced electron spectroscopy (MIES) and neutral impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy (NICISS). The results indicate that the increase in conductivity using the larger molecular weight co‐polymer additive is due to the film having larger lamella‐ and π‐stacking regions in addition to doping levels which remain unchanged throughout film formation. These conclusions are further supported by results obtained on a model PEDOT:Tosylate system using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Cell Alignment on Graphene–Amyloid Composites
Authors: Das Subhadeep , Kumawat Mukesh K. , Ranganathan Srivastav , Kumar Rakesh , Adamcik Jozef , Kadu Pradeep , Padinhateeri Ranjith , Srivastava Rohit , Mezzenga Raffaele , Maji Samir K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGraphene‐based hybrid nanomaterials have been shown to have great potential in various biotechnology applications including enzyme sensing and bone tissue engineering. Harnessing the unique properties of graphene and material strength of amyloids, a graphene–amyloid composite film is developed that can self‐organize into periodic troughs and crests without the need of lithographic techniques or etching. The topographies generated by the film provide powerful modulators of contact and guidance to neural precursor cells, enabling efficient cellular polarization and differentiation. Using molecular dynamic simulations and high‐resolution atomic force microscopy, the amyloidogenicity and handedness of matured amyloid nanofibrils to the micropatterns generated on the dried film are also correlated. These insights provide principles for peptide designing for generation of micropatterned, cell adhesive conductive substrates for optimal cell alignment and differentiation.
Low‐Threshold Whispering‐Gallery Mode Upconversion Lasing via Simultaneous Six‐Photon Absorption
Authors: Chen Anqi , Zhu Hai , Wu Yanyan , Yang Decheng , Li Jinyu , Yu Siufung , Chen Zhiyang , Ren Yuhao , Gui Xuchun , Wang Shuangpeng , Tang Zikang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe upconversion lasing through simultaneous multiphoton absorption (MPA) is a high‐order nonlinear optical process, which enables many critical applications in the fluorescence imaging probe, laser tomography, and photodynamic therapy. Herein, the upconversion lasing from microwires via simultaneous six‐photon absorption at room temperature is first realized. Moreover, the lasing peak and third‐harmonic generation peak of pumping light are observed concurrently, while the temperature‐dependent spectrum elucidates the essential distinction between each other. In addition, the low‐threshold six‐photon excited whispering‐gallery mode lasing based on strong optical confinement of the hexagonal microcavity is investigated comprehensively. The results prove that it is feasible to realize high‐order MPA upconversion lasing using high Q‐factor microcavity, which can be promoted to other wide bandgap semiconductor micro‐/nanostructure to generate frequency upconversion lasing.
The Role of Metallic Dopants in Improving the Thermal Stability of the Electron Transport Layer in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Keum Chang‐Min , Kronenberg Nils M. , Murawski Caroline , Yoshida Kou , Deng Yali , Berz Cordelia , Li Wenbo , Wei Mengjie , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Gather Malte C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract4,7‐Diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (BPhen) is widely used to create the electron transport layer (ETL) in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) because of its high electron mobility and good compatibility with alkali metal n‐dopants. However, the morphology of these ETLs is easily altered by heating due to the relatively low glass transition temperature (Tg) of BPhen and this change often reduces the performance of OLEDs. Here, an enhancement in the thermal stability of OLEDs when doping their BPhen‐based ETLs with cesium (Cs) is reported. To investigate the role of the Cs dopant in the BPhen matrix, the crystallization features of Cs‐doped BPhen films with different doping concentrations are examined. Next, the electrical and optical properties of blue fluorescent and red phosphorescent OLEDs containing Cs‐doped BPhen ETLs are characterized after annealing the OLEDs at temperatures up to 100 °C. Cs plays a critical role in inhibiting the undesired crystallization of BPhen films, which enhances the thermal stability of OLEDs beyond the Tg of neat BPhen. Finally, highly stable BPhen‐based OLEDs encapsulated via atomic layer deposition at 80 °C are demonstrated. This work may lead to a new strategy for enhancing the intrinsic thermal durability of organic devices and their compatibility with thermally demanding processes.
Electrochemical Mechanism and Structure Simulation of 2D Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Dai Mingzhi , Huo Changhe , Zhang Qiang , Khan Karim , Zhang Xingye , Shen Cai 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor decades, lithium batteries have attracted much attention. Highly efficient, safe, and convenient batteries are worthy of being investigated and applied in modern life. However, most of the investigation is on the macroscopic device electrical properties such as current–voltage curves. Investigation on the microscopic electrical properties including potential distribution, electrolyte salt concentration distribution, and lithium ion concentration distribution within the batteries during the discharging is still needed. Here, a detailed study of the key electrical properties distributions inside the lithium battery in the discharging status is given. After comparing three widely used cathode materials (LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and LiFePO4), LiFePO4 is found to show the most stable working performance which is consistent with previous reports. This is probably attributed to its most uniform key electrical properties distributions, its high electric conductivity, and crystal structure. A structure is also proposed which might give a hint to stress and temperature release for a longer and safer application of batteries. This simulation study on the key parameters distribution inside the battery may help to achieve a better understanding and hence control on the lithium battery performance and reliability.
Electronic Structure and Optical Response of Zn‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Vrubel Ivan I. , Senkevich Natalia Yu. , Khramenkova Elena V. , Polozkov Roman G. , Shelykh Ivan A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe results of theoretical investigation of the equilibrium spatial configuration, electronic structure, and optical properties of the Zn‐based metal–organic framework [{Zn2(TBAPy)(H2O)2}*3.5DEF]n are reported. The electronic structure is obtained in frameworks of the density‐functional theory (DFT) with BLYP and PBE exchange‐correlation functionals, and optical response is computed using time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). It is shown that the formation of narrow LUMO and HOMO bands is provided by conjugated π‐electrons of the aromatic rings of the ligand. These bands have nontrivial pattern and contain regions of hyperbolic dispersion corresponding to highly anisotropic heavy fermions. Optical transitions between these bands result in the appearance of near‐threshold peaks in photoabsorption spectra. The structure of the bands prevents formation of the bright exciton states in the system, and thus optical response is governed by single particle excitations only.
Silicon Oxide Electron‐Emitting Nanodiodes
Authors: Wu Gongtao , Li Zhiwei , Tang Zhiqiang , Wei Dapeng , Zhang Gengmin , Chen Qing , Peng Lian‐Mao , Wei Xianlong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElectrically driven on‐chip electron sources that do not need to be heated are long pursued, but their realization remains challenging. Here, it is shown that a nanogap formed by two electrodes on a silicon oxide substrate functions as an electron‐emitting nanodiode after the silicon oxide in the nanogap is electrically switched to a high‐resistance conducting state. A nanodiode based on graphene electrodes can be turned on by a voltage of ≈7 V in ≈100 ns and show an emission current of up to several microamperes, corresponding to an emission density of ≈106 A cm−2 and emission efficiency as high as 16.6%. We attribute the electron emission to be generated from a metal–insulator–metal tunneling diode on the substrate surface formed by the rupture of conducting filaments in silicon oxide. An array of 100 nanodiodes exhibits a global emission density of 5 A cm−2 and stable emission with negligible current degradation over tens of hours under modest vacuum. The combined advantages of a low operating voltage, fast temporal response, high emission density and efficiency, convenient fabrication and integration, and stable emission in modest vacuum make silicon oxide electron‐emitting nanodiodes a promising on‐chip electron sources.
Carbon‐Tailored Semimetal MoP as an Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst in Both Alkaline and Acid Media
Authors: Li Guowei , Sun Yan , Rao Jiancun , Wu Jiquan , Kumar Anil , Xu Qiu Nan , Fu Chenguang , Liu Enke , Blake Graeme R. , Werner Peter , Shao Baiqi , Liu Kai , Parkin Stuart , Liu Xianjie , Fahlman Mats , Liou Sz‐Chian , Auffermann Gudrun , Zhang Jian , Felser Claudia , Feng Xinliang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe electrolysis processes such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) require high efficient catalysts with robust surface stability. A high conductivity is also necessary to speed up the charge transport between the catalyst and the electrolyte. Recently, the observation of exceedingly high conductivity in the topological semimetal MoP, has provided a model catalyst to investigate the correlation between the electrical transport and the electrocatalytic activity for the HER. Thus, MoP is encapsulated in a Mo, P codoped carbon layer (MoP@C). This composite material exhibits outstanding HER performance, with an extremely low overpotential of 49 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 54 mV dec−1 in an alkaline medium. In addition, electron transport analysis indicates that MoP exhibits high conductivity and mobility due to the existence of triple‐point fermions and a complex Fermi surface. Furthermore, the presence of PC and MoC bonds at the interface between the carbon layer and the MoP particles modulates the band structure of MoP@C and facilitates fast electron transfer, accumulation, and subsequent delocalization, which are in turn responsible for the excellent HER activity.
Cardiac arrest caused by diphenhydramine overdose
Authors: Nishino Tomoya , Wakai Shinjirou , Aoki Hiromichi , Inokuchi Sadaki 
Published: June 2018

CaseA 45‐year‐old man presented to our emergency department with disturbance of consciousness; he had mentioned to his family earlier about a drug overdose. When first responders arrived, he suffered cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest due to drug overdose was diagnosed.The patient was supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Arterial blood gas showed mixed acidosis, and electrocardiogram showed junctional rhythm and complete right bundle branch block.OutcomeThe patient's blood pressure gradually decreased, and he died on the third day of hospitalization. After death, his serum diphenhydramine concentration at the time of arrival was found to be 18.7 μg/mL.ConclusionAlthough diphenhydramine is regarded as a safe medication, it shows dose‐dependent toxicity. High intake is associated with death; therefore, caution should be exercised in cases of drug overdose. Developing a procedure for rapid measurement in the emergency department should be a priority.
A DNA‐Mediated Chemically Induced Dimerization (D‐CID) Nanodevice for Nongenetic Receptor Engineering To Control Cell Behavior
Authors: Li Hao , Wang Miao , Shi Tianhui , Yang Sihui , Zhang Jinghui , Wang Hong‐Hui , Nie Zhou 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSmall‐molecule regulation is a powerful switching tool to manipulate cell signal transduction for a desired function; however, most available methods usually require genetic engineering to endow cells with responsiveness to user‐defined small molecules. Herein, we demonstrate a nongenetic approach for small‐molecule‐controlled receptor activation and consequent cell behavior manipulation that is based on DNA‐mediated chemically induced dimerization (D‐CID). D‐CID uses a programmable chemical‐responsive DNA nanodevice to trigger DNA strand displacement and induce the activation of c‐Met, a tyrosine kinase receptor cognate for hepatocyte growth factor, through dimerization. Through the use of various functional nucleic acids, including aptamers and DNAzymes, as recognition modules, the versatility of D‐CID in inducing c‐Met signaling upon addition of various small‐molecular or ionic cues, including ATP, histidine, and Zn2+, is demonstrated. Moreover, owing its multi‐input properties, D‐CID can be used to manipulate the behaviors of multiple cell populations simultaneously in a selective and programmable fashion.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for Prunus mongolica (Rosaceae)
Authors: Cheng Yu‐Chen , Zhang De‐Jian , Lu Zhan‐Yuan , Ye Xue‐Song , Wang Jian‐Guo , Sun Ping , Zhang Bao‐Wei 
Published: June 2018

Premise of the StudyMicrosatellite primers were developed in Prunus mongolica (Rosaceae), a relict flora endemic in arid areas of the Asian interior, to investigate the genetic diversity, phylogeography, population structure, and history of the species.Methods and ResultsFifty‐one microsatellite loci, including di‐, tri‐, and tetranucelotide repeats, were identified using transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic screening. The number of alleles ranged from seven to 11 and the levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.545 to 1.000 and 0.600 to 0.989, respectively. Most of the primers also amplified in a group of congeneric species (P. triloba, P. davidiana, P. persica, P. cerasifera, and P. serrulata).ConclusionsThis set of microsatellite loci is useful for studying the genetic diversity of P. mongolica. In addition, they can also be used to investigate the population structure, phylogeography, and landscape genetic patterns of congeneric species.