bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral Deconvolution of the 6196 and 6614 Å Diffuse Interstellar Bands Supports a Common-carrier Origin
Authors: Bernstein L. S. , Shroll R. M. , Galazutdinov G. A. , Beletsky Y. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We explore the common-carrier hypothesis for the 6196 and 6614 Å diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). The observed DIB spectra are sharpened using a spectral deconvolution algorithm. This reveals finer spectral features that provide tighter constraints on candidate carriers. We analyze a deconvolved λ6614 DIB spectrum and derive spectroscopic constants that are then used to model the λ6196 spectra. The common-carrier spectroscopic constants enable quantitative fits to the contrasting λ6196 and λ6614 spectra from two sightlines. Highlights of our analysis include (1) sharp cutoffs for the maximum values of the rotational quantum numbers, J
max = K
max, (2) the λ6614 DIB consisting of a doublet and a red-tail component arising from different carriers, (3) the λ6614 doublet and λ6196 DIBs sharing a common carrier, (4) the contrasting shapes of the λ6614 doublet and λ6196 DIBs arising from different vibration–rotation Coriolis coupling constants that originate from transitions from a common ground state to different upper electronic state degenerate vibrational levels, and (5) the different widths of the two DIBs arising from different effective rotational temperatures associated with principal rotational axes that are parallel and perpendicular to the highest-order symmetry axis. The analysis results suggest a puckered oblate symmetric top carrier with a dipole moment aligned with the highest-order symmetry axis. An example candidate carrier consistent with these specifications is corannulene (C20H10), or one of its symmetric ionic or dehydrogenated forms, whose rotational constants are comparable to those obtained from spectral modeling of the DIB profiles.
The Productivity of Oxygenic Photosynthesis around Cool, M Dwarf Stars
Authors: Lehmer Owen R. , Catling David C. , Parenteau Mary N. , Hoehler Tori M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In the search for life around cool stars, the presence of atmospheric oxygen is a prominent biosignature, as it may indicate oxygenic photosynthesis (OP) on the planetary surface. On Earth, most oxygenic photosynthesizing organisms (OPOs) use photons between 400 and 750 nm, which have sufficient energy to drive the photosynthetic reaction that generates O2 from H2O and CO2. OPOs around cool stars may evolve similar biological machinery capable of producing oxygen from water. However, in the habitable zones (HZs) of the coolest M dwarf stars, the flux of 400–750 nm photons may be just a few percent that of Earth’s. We show that the reduced flux of 400–750 nm photons around M dwarf stars could result in Earth-like planets being growth limited by light, unlike the terrestrial biosphere, which is limited by nutrient availability. We consider stars with photospheric temperatures between 2300 and 4200 K and show that such light-limited worlds could occur at the outer edge of the HZ around TRAPPIST-1-like stars. We find that even if OP can use photons longer than 750 nm, there would still be insufficient energy to sustain the Earth’s extant biosphere throughout the HZ of the coolest stars. This is because such stars emit largely in the infrared and near-infrared, which provide sufficient energy to make the planet habitable, but limits the energy available for OP. TRAPPIST-1f and g may fall into this category. Biospheres on such planets, potentially limited by photon availability, may generate small biogenic signals, which could be difficult for future observations to detect.
Immunological outcomes after six months with first line antiretroviral therapy: a lesson from Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Pangarungan Mardy , Arguni Eggi 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: More than 1,300 children aged 0-14 years were infected with HIV in Indonesia by 2016. Adequate antiretroviral therapy (ART) can increase nutritional and immunological status, reduce incidence of opportunistic infection and mortality caused by HIV infection. After ART initiation, the children’s treatment response needs to be monitored with CD4+ cell count and Viral Load (VL) evaluation. In resource-limited setting, clinical and immunological parameters can be used to evaluate ART outcomes. The aimed of this study to know immunological status of the patient after 6 months ART in Dr. Sardjito Hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2010 to May 2016. HIV-infected children aged 0-18 years who were given first-line ART at least 6 months were included in this study. Age when ART initiation, gender, residence, nutritional status, clinical staging based on WHO criteria, incidence of hospitalization, baseline CD4+ cell count and CD4+ cell count after 6 months of therapy, tuberculosis treatment, and ART regimens were collected from medical records. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0
Results: Thirty-five subjects were included in this study. Median CD4+ T cell percentage increased from 3.16 (IQR 1-18) % to 11.0 (IQR 2-32) %, whereas median CD4+ absolute cell count increased from 9.5 (IQR 3-176) cell/mm3 to 419.5 (IQR 202-1428) cell/mm3.
Conclusion: Immunologic conditions could improve even with very low levels of CD4+ T cell percentage and CD4+ absolute cell count. Monitoring immunologic conditions and adherence of children with ART are essential to improve treatment outcomes.
Validation of diagnostic tests and epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Bangladesh
Authors: Aftab Hafeza , Yamaoka Yoshio , Ahmed Faruque , Khan Azad AK , Subsomwong Phawinee , Miftahussurur Muhammad , Uchida Tomohisa , Malaty Hoda M 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare five diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection and studied the epidemiology of the infection in Bangladesh.
Methodology: Bangladeshi patients with dyspeptic symptoms referred for endoscopic examination were enrolled in this study. Each patient underwent upper endoscopic examination and four gastric biopsy specimens were taken. We used 5 tests for the diagnosis of H. pylori; culture, histology confirmed by immunohistochemistry, rapid urease test (RUT), urinary and serological test. Demographic and environmental variables were collected.
Results: A total of 133 patients participated in the study, 61 males and mean age 37.3 ± 12.3 years. We used the culture and/or histology results as the gold standard to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the studied diagnostic tests. RUT, culture and histology had high sensitivity and specificity with moderate positive and negative likelihood ratio, whereas urine test and serology showed a good sensitivity and specificity but poor likelihood ratio. The overall prevalence of H. pylori among study subjects was 47% with no difference between gender and age groups.
Conclusions: The invasive tests showed better performance than noninvasive tests among Bangladeshi population. The overall prevalence of H. pylori was less than the previously reported in the region with no difference among all age groups.
Molecular investigation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates from blood: USA600 emerges as the major type
Authors: Goudarzi Mehdi , Sabzehali Fattaneh , Heidary Mohsen , Azimi Hadi , Goudarzi Hossein 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: The widespread emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is turning into a real worry in public health. The goals of the present study were to identify resistance and virulence encoding genes and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. aureus bloodstream isolates.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 S. aureus bloodstream isolates during a 10-month period. To evaluate antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates, we used Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In addition, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and toxins genes was assessed using polymerase chain reaction. Isolates were typed according to polymorphisms seven housekeeping genes by MLST.
Results: All the isolates were resistant to methicillin. The most prevalent resistance gene was mecA gene (100%) followed by tetM (57.1%), aac (6΄)-Ie/aph (2˝) (53.6%), ant (4΄)-Ia (46.4%), ermA (45.2%), msrA (35.7%), msrB (33.3%), aph (3΄)-IIIa (33.3%), ermB (31%), ermC (16.7%), and mupA (14.3%) genes. The presence of toxin encoding genes tst, pvl, eta, and etb were detected in 25%, 14.3%, 3.6% and 3.6%, respectively. The isolates were classified into five different sequence types: ST45 (29.8%), ST239 (27.4%), ST858 (21.4%), ST22 (17.8%), and ST59 (3.6%). All the high-level mupirocin-resistant (HLMUPR) strains belonged to ST239, while the low-level mupirocin resistant (LLMUPR) strains belonged to ST22 (13%) and ST239 (6%).
Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report of ST59 in MRSA bloodstream isolates in Iran. Our data demonstrated the need for thorough epidemiological monitoring to detect emergence and dissemination of MDR- MRSA types in our hospitals.
Penser dans la marge
Authors: Sklar Jonathan , Dupont Judith 
Published: June 2018

Comment un individu humain revient-il des atteintes lointaines de certaines expériences terrifiantes ? D’avoir été dans les tranchées de la Somme, le ghetto de Varsovie, ou encore la destruction atomique, ou les bombardements aveugles qui ont lieu partout actuellement dans le monde, ou les préjugés concernant d’autres humains ? Walter Benjamin a soutenu qu’avant la Première Guerre mondiale, l’expérience était transmise aux générations suivantes sous forme de folklore et de contes. Avec la guerre, le fil rouge de l’expérience qui reliait les générations antérieures s’est trouvé supprimé. Le fragile corps humain qui a émergé des tranchées était muet, incapable de faire le récit du « champ de force des torrents et des explosions destructeurs » qui l’ont englouti. C’était comme si le bon terreau enrichissant de la fable était devenu la boue collante des tranchées, qui ne porterait pas de fruits mais ne ferait que réduire en poussière comme un cimetière. « Où entendez-vous des paroles des mourants qui perdurent et passent d’une génération à l’autre comme un précieux anneau ? » demande Benjamin.
Freud et le nationalisme
Authors: de Senarclens Pierre 
Published: June 2018

La conception moderne de la nation comprend une revendication d’autonomie individuelle et de bonheur, associée à l’exigence d’égalité sociale. Elle est inspirée par les idéaux de progrès et de raison. Cependant, la loi de gravitation de l’imaginaire national consiste en l’exclusion des étrangers et des minorités. Elle entraîne en conséquence les excès du nationalisme. La construction des États-nations fut un processus complexe, suivant des trajectoires historiques hétérogènes, mais on retrouve dans les croyances en la nation des thèmes convergents liés à la problématique identitaire. Il existe un rapport fort entre cette idéologie et les espérances religieuses. En outre, le nationalisme n’a cessé d’entretenir des fantasmes régressifs qui se sont épanouis dans les mouvements de masse. Aujourd’hui comme par le passé, les populistes souverainistes manifestent une suspicion à l’égard des étrangers qui confine parfois au racisme. Ils attirent les individus qui craignaient la montée en puissance de gens dissemblables, ceux issus d’une autre culture et de « races » différentes. Leurs dirigeants ont un discours dépourvu de complexité, toujours manichéen. Ils séduisent leurs militants en légitimant leur rage. Dans un bon nombre de pays de l’hémisphère Sud, l’échec de l’État-nation a favorisé l’épanouissement des sectarismes ethno-nationalistes, généralement associés au fondamentalisme religieux. Freud a vécu dans une époque marquée par les délires du nationalisme, et c’est dans ces circonstances que la psychanalyse a vu le jour. Il ne s’est pas engagé dans l’étude du nationalisme, mais ses réflexions sur les idéaux culturels, ses travaux sur les processus de construction identitaire et le narcissisme, son interprétation des illusions religieuses et des rituels obsessionnels, son analyse de la dynamique des foules, des liens de solidarité et des rapports d’autorité, donnent néanmoins des clefs pour interpréter le nationalisme et ses excès. En outre, le spectacle désolant des guerres civiles contemporaines, des violences aveugles et suicidaires qu’elles comportent, ravive en nous des sentiments de désarroi analogues à ceux exprimés par Freud à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, à savoir l’impression de vivre « un temps particulièrement curieux » et de découvrir avec surprise que « le progrès a conclu un pacte avec la barbarie ».
Saisir le Politique avec la psychanalyse ?
Authors: Franck Annie 
Published: June 2018

L’exercice de la psychanalyse oblige à penser le lien crucial entre sujet et appartenance à l’humanité, entre individuel et collectif. Nulle tour d’ivoire : le Politique et l’Histoire sont présents. La tentation est grande de plaquer sur le collectif des concepts pourtant forgés à l’échelle individuelle, ou de les exporter à l’extérieur de la cure dans des analyses sauvages. Certains analystes ont néanmoins cherché à penser cette très délicate question. Ainsi, la recherche de Piera Aulagnier sur « l’aliénation » offre un éclairage sur ce phénomène si fréquent d’adhésion à une idéologie et de soumission à un gourou, dans la nécessité subjective de figer une Vérité définitive.
Freud, l’homme Moïse et l’invention démocratique
Authors: Dubruille Anne-Laure 
Published: June 2018

La psychanalyse est née dans la période de transition vers les sociétés démocratiques modernes, marquées par la promotion de l’autonomie individuelle et l’émancipation apparente des structures d’hétéronomie traditionnelle. Dès l’origine, elle interrogerait les liens devenus plus incertains de l’individu au groupe. Ainsi, la clinique obsessionnelle pousse Freud à proposer des éléments de compréhension des principes générateurs de la loi et de l’autorité. Dans L’homme Moïse , Freud fait l’hypothèse que Moïse est un étranger qui amène la loi monothéiste mais est tué par le peuple juif, lequel intègre pourtant après coup les principes de la loi dans une longue élaboration de la culpabilité. Bruno Karsenti s’appuie sur le texte de Freud pour souligner le rôle du législateur Moïse dont l’extériorité permet qu’advienne le peuple juif, paradigme inconscient, selon lui, de nos formations politiques modernes. Mais peut-être peut-on davantage s’arrêter sur le moment du meurtre et y voir un acte d’émancipation démocratique ? En amont de la matrice théologico-politique, Freud montrerait l’enracinement pulsionnel originaire de la construction politique dans le conflit et développerait ainsi une véritable pensée de la démocratie.
Imagines mortis dans l’immigration
Authors: Salvador Ottavia 
Published: June 2018

C’est d’un point de vue sociologique et par une approche ethnographique que cet article explore la mort dans l’immigration comme fait social. Les axes de réflexion se sont développés à partir d’une enquête de terrain en cours, débutée en 2015 dans le contexte italien et construite à partir de trois angles de recherche : les différentes dimensions du deuil et l’absence relative à la mort dans l’émigration ; les pratiques propres au traitement social de la mort ; la dimension politique de celle-ci. Le fait de regarder la mort dans l’immigration dans le détail des processus de stratification sociale est le fil conducteur qui tente de lier les différents imagines mortis, cela par le biais d’un dialogue entre les vivants et les morts, avec les vivants qui parlent des morts et d’eux-mêmes à travers la mort, ouvrant plusieurs questions corrélées au thème traité ici.
Multi-scale fluctuation analysis of precipitation in Beijing by Extreme-point Symmetric Mode Decomposition
Authors: Li Jiqing , Duan Zhipeng , Huang Jing 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. With the aggravation of the global climate change, the shortage of water resources in China is becoming more and more serious. Using reasonable methods to study changes in precipitation is very important for planning and management of water resources. Based on the time series of precipitation in Beijing from 1951 to 2015, the multi-scale features of precipitation are analyzed by the Extreme-point Symmetric Mode Decomposition (ESMD) method to forecast the precipitation shift. The results show that the precipitation series have periodic changes of 2.6, 4.3, 14 and 21.7 years, and the variance contribution rate of each modal component shows that the inter-annual variation dominates the precipitation in Beijing. It is predicted that precipitation in Beijing will continue to decrease in the near future.
The use of an integrated variable fuzzy sets in water resources management
Authors: Qiu Qingtai , Liu Jia , Li Chuanzhe , Yu Xinzhe , Wang Yang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Based on the evaluation of the present situation of water resources and the
development of water conservancy projects and social economy, optimal
allocation of regional water resources presents an increasing need in the
water resources management. Meanwhile it is also the most effective way to
promote the harmonic relationship between human and water. In view of the own
limitations of the traditional evaluations of which always choose a single
index model using in optimal allocation of regional water resources, on the
basis of the theory of variable fuzzy sets (VFS) and system dynamics (SD), an
integrated variable fuzzy sets model (IVFS) is proposed to address dynamically
complex problems in regional water resources management in this paper. The
model is applied to evaluate the level of the optimal allocation of regional
water resources of Zoucheng in China. Results show that the level of
allocation schemes of water resources ranging from 2.5 to 3.5, generally
showing a trend of lower level. To achieve optimal regional management of
water resources, this model conveys a certain degree of accessing water
resources management, which prominently improve the authentic assessment of
water resources management by using the eigenvector of level H.
Distributed source pollutant transport module based on BTOPMC: a case study of the Laixi River basin in the Sichuan province of southwest China
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Ao Tianqi , Gusyev Maksym , Ishidaira Hiroshi , Magome Jun , Takeuchi Kuniyoshi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in Chinese river catchments
are contributed by agricultural non-point and industrial point sources
causing deterioration of river water quality and degradation of ecosystem
functioning for a long distance downstream. To evaluate these impacts, a
distributed pollutant transport module was developed on the basis of BTOPMC
(Block-Wise Use of TOPMODEL with Muskingum-Cunge Method), a grid-based
distributed hydrological model, using the water flow routing process of
BTOPMC as the carrier of pollutant transport due a direct runoff. The
pollutant flux at each grid is simulated based on mass balance of pollutants
within the grid and surface water transport of these pollutants occurs
between grids in the direction of the water flow on daily time steps. The
model was tested in the study area of the Lu county area situated in the
Laixi River basin in the Sichuan province of southwest China. The simulated
concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus are compared with the available
monthly data at several water quality stations. These results demonstrate a
greater pollutant concentration in the beginning of high flow period
indicating the main mechanism of pollution transport. From these preliminary
results, we suggest that the distributed pollutant transport model can
reflect the characteristics of the pollutant transport and reach the expected
target.
Multiple time scale analysis of sediment and runoff changes in the Lower Yellow River
Authors: Chi Kaige , Gang Zhao , Pang Bo , Huang Ziqian 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Sediment and runoff changes of seven hydrological
stations along the Lower Yellow River (LYR) (Huayuankou Station, Jiahetan
Station, Gaocun Station, Sunkou Station, Ai Shan Station, Qikou Station and
Lijin Station) from 1980 to 2003 were alanyzed at multiple time scale. The
maximum value of monthly, daily and hourly sediment load and runoff
conservations were also analyzed with the annually mean value. Mann–Kendall
non-parametric mathematics correlation test and Hurst coefficient method
were adopted in the study. Research results indicate that (1) the runoff of
seven hydrological stations was significantly reduced in the study period at
different time scales. However, the trends of sediment load in these
stations were not obvious. The sediment load of Huayuankou, Jiahetan and
Aishan stations even slightly increased with the runoff decrease. (2) The
trends of the sediment load with different time scale showed differences at
Luokou and Lijin stations. Although the annually and monthly sediment load
were broadly flat, the maximum hourly sediment load showed decrease trend.
(3) According to the Hurst coefficients, the trend of sediment and runoff
will be continue without taking measures, which proved the necessary of
runoff-sediment regulation scheme.
Evaluation of water productivity under climate change in irrigated areas of the arid Northwest China using an assemble statistical downscaling method and an agro-hydrological model
Authors: Liu Liu , Guo Zezhong , Huang Guanhua 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The Heihe River Basin (HRB) is the second largest inland river
basin, located in the arid region of Northwest China with a serious water
shortage. Evaluation of water productivity will provide scientific
implications for agricultural water-saving in irrigated areas of the arid
region under climate change. Based on observed meteorological data, 23 GCMs
outputs and the ERA-40 reanalysis data, an assemble statistical downscaling
model was developed to generate climate change scenarios under RCP2.6,
RCP4.5, RCP8.5 respectively, which were then used to drive the SWAP-EPIC
model to simulate crop growth in the irrigated areas of the middle HRB for
the future period from 2018 to 2047. Crop yield showed an increasing trend,
while crop water consumption decreased gradually in Gaotai and Ganzhou
irrigated areas. The water productivity in future 30 years showed an
increasing trend in both Gaotai and Ganzhou areas, with the most significant
increase under RCP4.5 scenario, which were both larger than 2 kg m−3.
Compared with that of the period from 2012 to 2015, the water productivity
during 2018–2047 under three RCP scenarios increased by 9.2, 14.3
and 11.8 % in the Gaotai area, and 15.4, 21.6, 19.9 % in the
Ganzhou area, respectively.