bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-cancer effects of wedelolactone: interactions with copper and subcellular localization
Authors: Kučírková Tereza , Stiborek Marek , Dúcka Monika , Navrátilová Jarmila , Bogdanović Pristov Jelena , Popović-Bijelić Ana , Vojvodić Snežana , Preisler Jan , Kanický Viktor , Šmarda Jan , Spasojević Ivan , Beneš Petr 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Wedelactone (WL), a plant polyphenolic derivative of coumestan, represents a promising anti-cancer agent. The underlying mechanisms of its action are not fully understood and appear to involve interplay with copper ions. Herein, we examined coordination and redox interactions of WL with Cu2+ in phosphate buffer (pH 7), and in two breast cancer cell lines. EPR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that WL and Cu2+ build a coordination complex with 2 : 1 stoichiometry and distorted tetrahedral geometry. WL showed strong fluorescence that was quenched by Cu2+. The sequestration of the intracellular copper pool with neocuproine led to a significant drop in the cytotoxic effects of WL, whereas the co-application of Cu2+ and WL and the formation of an extracellular complex suppressed both the cytotoxic effects of WL and copper loading. Fluorescence microscopy showed that WL is mainly localized in the cytosol and significantly less in the nuclei. WL fluorescence was stronger in cells pretreated with neocuproine, implying that the complex of WL and Cu2+ is formed inside the cells. WL caused a two-fold increase in the lysosomal level of copper as well as copper-dependent lysosome membrane permeabilization. On the other hand, the protective effects of overexpression of thioredoxin 1 imply that WL exerts the main oxidative impact inside the nucleus. The interactions of WL with copper may be essential for therapeutic performance and selectivity against cancer cells, taking into account that a number of cancer types, including breast cancer, exhibit increased intratumoral copper levels or altered copper distribution.
Screen printed carbon CsPbBr3 solar cells with high open-circuit photovoltage
Authors: Poli Isabella , Baker Jenny , McGettrick James , De Rossi Francesca , Eslava Salvador , Watson Trystan , Cameron Petra J. 
Published: September 2018

Mesoporous carbon solar cells were prepared by infiltrating the porous substrate with inorganic CsPbBr3 solution. The films were post-annealed at different temperatures; post-annealing at 400 °C strongly enhances the open circuit voltage (1.44 V) and cell efficiency (8.2%).
Wafer‐level fabrication of low power consumption integrated alcohol microsensor
Authors: Wang Hairong , Wang Mengya , Lei Weitao , Chen Xiaowei , Huang Hao , Wang Jiuhong 
Published: September 2018

An integrated alcohol microgas sensor was designed and fabricated based on TiO2/SnO2 nanocomposites acting as a sensing layer and microheater providing working temperature. The stacked TiO2/SnO2 nanocomposites were prepared by magnetron sputtering. A unique suspended membrane consisting of Si3N4/SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2 four layers was prepared by different methods, respectively, and applied in microheater to support the electrodes and sensing layer for reducing power consumption. The fabrication process tackled the difficulty that the sensing layer preparation is incompatible with microelectromechanical systems micromachining technology and realised the mass production of the wafer‐level sensor chips with good consistency. The microalcohol sensors showed excellent response characteristics for alcohol (50–600 ppm) detection at low power consumption (39 mW).
An empirical recipe for inelastic hydrogen-atom collisions in non-LTE calculations
Authors: Ezzeddine R. , Merle T. , Plez B. , Gebran M. , Thévenin F. , Van der Swaelmen M. 
Published: September 2018

Context. Determination of high-precision abundances of late-type stars has been and always will be an important goal of spectroscopic studies, which requires accurate modeling of their stellar spectra with non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) radiative transfer methods. This entails using up-to-date atomic data of the elements under study, which are still subject to large uncertainties.Aims. We investigate the role of hydrogen collisions in NLTE spectral line synthesis, and introduce a new general empirical recipe to determine inelastic charge transfer (CT) and bound-bound hydrogen collisional rates. This recipe is based on fitting the energy functional dependence of published quantum collisional rate coefficients of several neutral elements (BeI, Na I, Mg I, Al I, Si Iand Ca I) using simple polynomial equations.Methods. We perform thorough NLTE abundance calculation tests using our method for four different atoms, Na, Mg, Al and Si, for a broad range of stellar parameters. We then compare the results to calculations computed using the published quantum rates for all the corresponding elements. We also compare to results computed using excitation collisional rates via the commonly used Drawin equation for different fudge factors,SMH, applied.Results. We demonstrate that our proposed method is able to reproduce the NLTE abundance corrections performed with the quantum rates for different spectral types and metallicities for representative Na Iand Al Ilines to within ≤0.05 dex and ≤0.03 dex, respectively. For Mg Iand Si Ilines, the method performs better for the cool giants and dwarfs, while larger discrepancies up to 0.2 dex could be obtained for some lines for the subgiants and warm dwarfs. We obtained larger NLTE correction differences between models incorporating Drawin rates relative to the quantum models by up to 0.4 dex. These large discrepancies are potentially due to ignoring either or both CT and ionization collisional processes by hydrogen in our Drawin models.Conclusions. Our general empirical fitting method (EFM) for estimating hydrogen collision rates performs well in its ability to reproduce, within narrow uncertainties, the abundance corrections computed with models incorporating quantum collisional rates. It performs generally best for the cool and warm dwarfs, with slightly larger discrepancies obtained for the giants and subgiants. It could possibly be extended in the future to transitions of the same elements for which quantum calculations do not exist, or, in the absence of published quantum calculations, to other elements as well.
Reanalysis of the Gaia Data Release 2 photometric sensitivity curves using HST/STIS spectrophotometry
Authors: Maíz Apellániz J. , Weiler M. 
Published: September 2018

Context. The second data release (DR2) from the European Space Agency mission Gaia took place on April 2018. DR2 included photometry for more than 1.3 × 109 sources in the three bands G, GBP, and GRP. Even though the Gaia DR2 photometry is very precise, there are currently three alternative definitions of the sensitivity curves that show significative differences.
Aims. The aim of this paper is to improve the quality of the input calibration data to produce new compatible definitions of the G, GBP, and GRP bands and to identify the reasons for the discrepancies between previous definitions.
Methods. We have searched the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archive for Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) spectra with G430L+G750L data obtained with wide apertures and combined them with the CALSPEC library to produce a high quality spectral energy distribution (SED) library of 122 stars with a broad range of colors, including three very red stars. This library defines new sensitivity curves for G, GBP, and GRP using a functional analytical formalism.
Results. The new sensitivity curves are significantly better than the two previous attempts we use as a reference, REV (Evans et al. 2018, A&A, 616, A4) and WEI (Weiler 2018, A&A, 616, A17). For G we confirm the existence of a systematic bias in magnitude and correct a color term present in REV. For GBP we confirm the need to define two magnitude ranges with different sensitivity curves and measure the cut between them at Gphot = 10.87 mag with a significant increase in precision. The new curves also fit the data better than either REV or WEI. For GRP, our new sensitivity curve fits the STIS spectra better and the differences with previous attempts reside in a systematic effect between ground-based and HST spectral libraries. Additional evidence from color–color diagrams indicate that the new sensitivity curve is more accurate. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement in the accuracy of the sensitivity curves because of the current dearth of good-quality red calibrators: adding more to the sample should be a priority before Gaia data release 3 takes place.
Kurzschaft, Geradschaft, anatomischer Schaft: freie Wahl oder Empfehlungen?
Authors: von Lewinski Gabriela 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Ziele der Hüftendoprothetik sind vielfältig. Neben dem Hauptziel der Schmerzfreiheit spielt vor allem die Primär- und langfristige Stabilität, die Rekonstruktion der Anatomie und die Wiedererlangung der Funktion eine entscheidende Rolle. Eine Vielzahl von Prothesentypen, die unterschiedliche Verankerungskonzepte verfolgen, ist auf dem Markt. Der folgende Beitrag will versuchen, die Unterschiede zwischen den Schafttypen aufzuzeigen und damit eine Entscheidungshilfe bei der Wahl zwischen den einzelnen Schafttypen zu geben. Der Geradschaft ist symmetrisch und verankert sich in Abhängigkeit von seiner Form sowohl meta- als auch diaphysär. Je weiter die Verankerung im diaphysären Bereich angesiedelt ist, umso größer ist die Gefahr des Stress-Shieldings. Der anatomische Schaft ist ein Geradschaft, der zusätzlich das Ziel hat, dem Femurmarkraum volumetrisch zu folgen bzw. diesen in der Form des Schaftkörpers als Gegenstück abzubilden. Damit soll auch die natürliche Krafteinleitung wieder hergestellt werden. Diese Passgenauigkeit hat aber auch ihre Grenzen, denn Femora weisen anatomische Unterschiede auf. Kurzschäfte zeichnen sich primär dadurch aus, dass sie eine geringere Länge aufweisen als die Standardschäfte. Wie die Geradschäfte unterscheiden sich die Kurzschäfte in ihrem Design und damit in ihren Verankerungshöhen, was wiederum Auswirkungen auf die Biomechanik hat. Neben den verschiedenen Schafttypen gilt es, die unterschiedlichen Morphologien zu differenzieren. Vor allem bei jüngeren Patienten findet man eine sekundäre Koxarthrose infolge von kongenitalen Hüftdysplasien, Morbus Perthes, Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris oder posttraumatischen Veränderungen. Auch ohne Voroperationen oder angeborene Deformitäten zeigen sich verschieden Formtypen des Femurs auch bei älteren Patienten, wie z. B. die Varianten nach Dorr. Der Operateur sollte daher bei der Schaftwahl sowohl biomechanische Aspekte als auch patientenspezifische Faktoren berücksichtigen, um den optimalen Schafttyp für den Patienten zu finden. Dabei sollten Primär- und Langzeitstabilität im Fokus stehen.
Austrian postwar democratic consensus and anti-Semitism
Authors: Bischof Karin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper explores the relation between the use of anti-Semitic rhetoric in post-war Austrian parliamentary debate and the development of the consensus-oriented, corporatist model of Austrian democracy, the “consociational model,” between 1945 and 1955. Specifically, this paper examines the anti-Semitic stereotypes found in parliament, an arena where “the sayable” of official politics is defined, and whether such anti-Semitic stereotyping serves political-strategic purposes. The predominant pattern of exclusion proves to be the attribution of ambivalence, drawing on the repertoire of nationalist anti-Semitic stereotypes, depicting “emigrants” as “cowards,” incapable of love for and defense of their countries. The analysis shows this pattern of exclusion is rooted in an ethnicized, homogeneous, and masculinist understanding of the people – recurrent in contemporary right-wing movements and parties. It follows the lines of Carl Schmitt’s concept of the political, in which the distinction of “friend” and “enemy,” and hence, the eradication of pluralism and ambivalence, is pivotal.
Health, Environmental Effects, the Control of Emission from Power Plants and the Need for a New Emission Capture Technology.
Authors: De D K , Ikono U I , Akinmeji S O 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
It is well known that global warming is a major environmental concern and it is primarily caused by the release of pollutants (greenhouse gases) into the atmosphere. Electric power plants have been found to be major contributors of environmental pollution which results in health and environmental hazards. There have been several ongoing research on ways to curtail and capture emissions which have led to development of state-of-the-art technologies. However, these technologies have not been proven cost effective and as a result, they cannot be implemented on a global scale. Also, chemical based flue gas emission capture technology may lead to secondary pollutions. Prevailing cryogenic capture technologies show inadequacies due to cost ineffectiveness and its high energy demand. This paper focuses briefly on the effects of emissions from power plants on health and environment and talks about the need of a new single technology that captures each component of flue gas emissions without the use of chemical reagents and offers an affordable cost for global implementation for clean energy and environment.
The Pace of Neurogenesis Is Regulated by the Transient Retention of the Apical Endfeet of Differentiating Cells
Authors: Hatakeyama Jun , Shimamura Kenji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe development of the mammalian cerebral cortex involves a variety of temporally organized events such as successive waves of neuronal production and the transition of progenitor competence for each neuronal subtype generated. The number of neurons generated in a certain time period, that is, the rate of neuron production, varies across the regions of the brain and the specific developmental stage; however, the underlying mechanism of this process is poorly understood. We have recently found that nascent neurons communicate with undifferentiated progenitors and thereby regulate neurogenesis, through a transiently retained apical endfoot that signals via the Notch pathway. Here, we report that the retention time length of the neuronal apical endfoot correlates with the rate of neuronal production in the developing mouse cerebral cortex. We further demonstrate that a forced reduction or extension of the retention period through the disruption or stabilization of adherens junction, respectively, resulted in the acceleration or deceleration of neurogenesis, respectively. Our results suggest that the apical endfeet of differentiating cells serve as a pace controller for neurogenesis, thereby assuring the well-proportioned laminar organization of the neocortex.
Pulmonary Metagenomic Sequencing Suggests Missed Infections in Immunocompromised Children
Authors: Zinter Matt S , Dvorak Christopher C , Mayday Madeline Y , Iwanaga Kensho , Ly Ngoc P , McGarry Meghan E , Church Gwynne D , Faricy Lauren E , Rowan Courtney M , Hume Janet R , Steiner Marie E , Crawford Emily D , Langelier Charles , Kalantar Katrina , Chow Eric D , Miller Steve , Shimano Kristen , Melton Alexis , Yanik Gregory A , Sapru Anil , DeRisi Joseph L 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite improved diagnostics, pulmonary pathogens in immunocompromised children frequently evade detection, leading to significant mortality. Therefore, we aimed to develop a highly sensitive metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) assay capable of evaluating the pulmonary microbiome and identifying diverse pathogens in the lungs of immunocompromised children.MethodsWe collected 41 lower respiratory specimens from 34 immunocompromised children undergoing evaluation for pulmonary disease at 3 children’s hospitals from 2014–2016. Samples underwent mechanical homogenization, parallel RNA/DNA extraction, and metagenomic sequencing. Sequencing reads were aligned to the National Center for Biotechnology Information nucleotide reference database to determine taxonomic identities. Statistical outliers were determined based on abundance within each sample and relative to other samples in the cohort.ResultsWe identified a rich cross-domain pulmonary microbiome that contained bacteria, fungi, RNA viruses, and DNA viruses in each patient. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were ubiquitous among samples but could be distinguished as possible causes of disease by parsing for outlier organisms. Samples with bacterial outliers had significantly depressed alpha-diversity (median, 0.61; interquartile range [IQR], 0.33–0.72 vs median, 0.96; IQR, 0.94–0.96; P < .001). Potential pathogens were detected in half of samples previously negative by clinical diagnostics, demonstrating increased sensitivity for missed pulmonary pathogens (P < .001).ConclusionsAn optimized mNGS assay for pulmonary microbes demonstrates significant inoculation of the lower airways of immunocompromised children with diverse bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Potential pathogens can be identified based on absolute and relative abundance. Ongoing investigation is needed to determine the pathogenic significance of outlier microbes in the lungs of immunocompromised children with pulmonary disease.
The 4q25 variant rs13143308T links risk of atrial fibrillation to defective calcium homoeostasis
Authors: Herraiz-Martínez Adela , Llach Anna , Tarifa Carmen , Gandía Jorge , Jiménez-Sabado Verónica , Lozano-Velasco Estefanía , Serra Selma A , Vallmitjana Alexander , Vázquez Ruiz de Castroviejo Eduardo , Benítez Raúl , Aranega Amelia , Muñoz-Guijosa Christian , Franco Diego , Cinca Juan , Hove-Madsen Leif 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Aims
Single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 4q25 have been associated with risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) but the exiguous knowledge of the mechanistic links between these risk variants and underlying electrophysiological alterations hampers their clinical utility. Here, we tested the hypothesis that 4q25 risk variants cause alterations in the intracellular calcium homoeostasis that predispose to spontaneous electrical activity.

Methods and results
Western blotting, confocal calcium imaging, and patch-clamp techniques were used to identify mechanisms linking the 4q25 risk variants rs2200733T and rs13143308T to defects in the calcium homoeostasis in human atrial myocytes. Our findings revealed that the rs13143308T variant was more frequent in patients with AF and that myocytes from carriers of this variant had a significantly higher density of calcium sparks (14.1 ± 4.5 vs. 3.1 ± 1.3 events/min, P = 0.02), frequency of transient inward currents (ITI) (1.33 ± 0.24 vs. 0.26 ± 0.09 events/min, P < 0.001) and incidence of spontaneous membrane depolarizations (1.22 ± 0.26 vs. 0.56 ± 0.17 events/min, P = 0.001) than myocytes from patients with the normal rs13143308G variant. These alterations were linked to higher sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium loading (10.2 ± 1.4 vs. 7.3 ± 0.5 amol/pF, P = 0.01), SERCA2 expression (1.37 ± 0.13 fold, P = 0.03), and RyR2 phosphorylation at ser2808 (0.67 ± 0.08 vs. 0.47 ± 0.03, P = 0.01) but not at ser2814 (0.28 ± 0.14 vs. 0.31 ± 0.14, P = 0.61) in patients carrying the rs13143308T risk variant. Furthermore, the presence of a risk variant or AF independently increased the ITI frequency and the increase in the ITI frequency observed in carriers of the risk variants was exacerbated in those with AF. By contrast, the presence of a risk variant did not affect the amplitude or properties of the L-type calcium current in patients with or without AF.

Conclusions
Here, we identify the 4q25 variant rs13143308T as a genetic risk marker for AF, specifically associated with excessive calcium release and spontaneous electrical activity linked to increased SERCA2 expression and RyR2 phosphorylation.
CBCT in orthodontics: a systematic review on justification of CBCT in a paediatric population prior to orthodontic treatment
Authors: De Grauwe Annelore , Ayaz Irem , Shujaat Sohaib , Dimitrov Simon , Gbadegbegnon Logan , Vande Vannet Bart , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundTaking into account radiation doses, safety, and protection, we highlighted the features in which cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can offer an advantage compared to the conventional two-dimensional imaging in paediatric dentistry before orthodontic treatment.ObjectiveThe aim of this article was to conduct a systematic review to assess the diagnostic efficacy of CBCT in the paediatric population at a pre-orthodontic phase.Search methodsMEDLINE via PubMed was searched to identify all peer-reviewed articles potentially relevant to the review until 1 July 2018. Relevant publications were selected by two reviewers independently.Selection criteriaThe literature selection for this systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was based on predetermined inclusion criteria.Data collection and analysisData were collected on overall study characteristics and examination characteristics of the selected studies. Methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated. Original studies were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool. Thereafter, levels of evidence were obtained according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria.ResultsAs a result of the QUADAS assessment, a total of 37 articles were included in the protocol. Following a proper protocol, CBCT was regarded as a reliable tool for assessment and management of impacted canine and root fracture. It provided a better evaluation of normal and pathological condylar shape and volume. CBCT was a superior choice for pre-surgical diagnostic applications in cleft lip and/or palate over a medical computed tomography based on its lower radiation exposure, shorter investigation time, and low purchase costs.ConclusionsCBCT is justified only in those cases where conventional radiography fails to provide a correct diagnosis of pathology. Therefore, it cannot be regarded as a standard method of diagnosis. CBCT imaging may also be justified when it positively affects treatment options or provides treatment optimization.RegistrationNone.Conflict of interestNone to declare.
Dynamic target capital structure and speed of adjustment in farm business
Authors: Aderajew Tamirat S , Trujillo-Barrera Andres , Pennings Joost M E 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper quantifies the determinants and speed of adjustment to the target capital structure for a panel of 1,500 Dutch farms over the years 2001–2015. Using the System General Method of Moments (System-GMM) estimator, the results show that farm profitability, earnings volatility, asset tangibility and growth opportunity are important determinants of leverage. Leverage is highly persistent, i.e. the average adjustment speed is relatively low, with variations among farm types. This variation is mainly attributed to the difference in adjustment costs. Further, we show that the pecking order and signalling theories explain these leverage dynamics.