bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carborane‐Based Analogues of 5‐Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Co‐inhibit Heat Shock Protein 90 in HCT116 Cells
Authors: Kuhnert Robert , Sárosi Menyhárt‐Botond , George Sven , Lönnecke Peter , Hofmann Bettina , Steinhilber Dieter , Steinmann Sara , Schneider‐Stock Regine , Murganić Blagoje , Mijatović Sanja , Maksimović‐Ivanić Danijela , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract5‐Lipoxygenase converts arachidonic acid into leukotrienes, which are involved in inflammation and angiogenesis. The introduction of carboranes can improve the pharmacokinetic behavior of metabolically less stable pharmaceutics. Herein we report the syntheses of several carborane‐based inhibitors of the 5‐lipoxygenase pathway. The isosteric replacement of phenyl rings by carboranes leads to improved cytotoxicity toward several melanoma and colon cancer cell lines. For the colon cancer cell line HCT116, the co‐inhibition of heat shock protein 90 was observed.
Future‐Proofing Institutional Research Skills in an Evolving Digital Institution
Authors: Johnson Gina , Simon Jason 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis chapter utilizes the duties and functions of institutional research to outline the skills needed by institutional research professionals in an evolving digital institution. The concept of future‐proofing, explained and considered in this context, encourages professionals to develop skills for the present with the future needs of data‐informed decision‐making in higher education in mind.
The Ethical Use of Data
Authors: Mathies Charles 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEvidence‐based decision‐making requires access to good and reliable data. In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase of data available to institutions, from internal as well as external sources. With this increase in data and its analytics, new challenges and questions arise. One of the most pertinent of which is the ethics and best practices of data collection and usage. This chapter explores the role data have in institutional decision‐making, the need for clear data policies and definitions, and concludes with suggestions for elements of a Data Bill of Rights.
Roles of phosphatase and tensin homolog in skeletal muscle
Authors: Shan Tizhong , Liu Jiaqi , Xu Ziye , Wang Yizhen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), originally identified as a tumor suppressor, is an important regulator of the PI3K–Akt pathway. PTEN plays crucial roles in various cellular processes, including cell survival, cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell metabolism. In metabolic tissues, PTEN expression affects insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. In skeletal muscle, the deletion of PTEN regulates muscle development and protects the mutant mice from insulin resistance and diabetes. Notably, the regulatory role of PTEN in skeletal muscle stem cells has been recently reported. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of PTEN in regulating the development, glucose metabolism, stem cell fate decision, and regeneration of skeletal muscle.
Purification of motor fuels by means of extraction using deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and glycerol
Authors: Zagajski Kučan Kristina , Rogošić Marko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) are being used in different applications as replacements for classical organic solvents; their physico‐chemical properties comply with the criteria of environmental acceptability.RESULTSIn this work, choline chloride‐glycerol based DESs of different molar ratios (ChCl‐Gly 1:1.5, 1:2 and 1:3) were prepared and characterized with respect to density, dynamic viscosity, refractive index, electrical conductivity and thermal properties. The DESs were tested for denitrification, desulfurization and dearomatization of the six‐component model gasoline composed of three aliphatic hydrocarbons and pyridine, thiophene and toluene as representatives of nitrogen, sulfur and aromatic compounds of fuel, respectively. It was found that ChCl‐Gly is a better solvent for removal of pyridine from model gasoline in comparison with thiophene and toluene. Optimally, denitrification efficiency of 58% can be achieved in one‐stage extraction, and deep denitrification can be achieved in five‐stage extraction resulting in an efficiency of 99.62%. By performing a four‐stage extraction using the same batch of DES, a gradual decrease in extraction efficiency was observed. By evaporative purification of DES between the stages, the extraction efficiency was found to remain constant. ChCl‐Gly exhibited significant efficiency in denitrification of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline as well.CONCLUSIONChCl‐Gly based DESs are suitable for denitrification of fuel. The ability of application environmentally friendly solvents in the fuel purification process contributes to the development of cleaner technologies. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Energy‐resolved mass spectrometry for differentiation of the fluorine substitution position on the phenyl ring of fluoromethcathinones
Authors: Murakami Takaya , Iwamuro Yoshiaki , Ishimaru Reiko , Chinaka Satoshi , Kato Noriyuki , Sakamoto Yuki , Sugimura Natsuhiko , Hasegawa Hiroshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA reliable method for structural analysis is crucial for the forensic investigation of new psychoactive substances (NPSs). Towards this end, mass spectrometry is one of the most efficient and facile methods for the identification of NPSs. However, the differentiation among 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐fluoromethcathinones (o‐, m‐, and p‐FMCs), which are ring‐fluorinated positional isomers part of the major class of NPSs referred to as synthetic cathinones, remains a challenge. This is mostly due to their similar retention properties and nearly identical full scan mass spectra, which hinder their identification. In this study, we describe a novel and practical method for differentiating the fluorine substitution position on the phenyl ring of FMCs, based on energy‐resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS) using an electron ionization‐triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. ERMS measurements showed that the three FMC positional isomers exhibited differences in relative abundances of both the fluorophenyl cation (m/z 95) and the fluorobenzoyl cation (m/z 123). The logarithmic plots of the abundance ratio of these two cations (m/z 95 to m/z 123) as a function of the collision energy (CE) followed the order of o‐FMC < p‐FMC < m‐FMC at each CE, which allowed the three isomers to be unambiguously and reliably differentiated. The theoretical dissociation energy calculations confirmed the relationship obtained by ERMS analyses, and additional ERMS measurements of methylmethcathinone positional isomers showed that the differences in abundance among the FMCs were attributed to the differences in their collision‐induced dissociation reactivities arising from the halogen‐induced resonance effects on the phenyl ring. Moreover, the method for differentiation described herein was successfully applied to the actual samples containing seized drugs. We expect that the described methodology will also contribute significantly to the reliable and accurate structural identification of NPSs in the fields of therapeutic, clinical, and forensic toxicology.
Effect of warfarin education on patient knowledge and anticoagulation control: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bhatt Shireen , McCurdy Claire E. , Liew Danny , Russell David M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatient education is a key component of management in the anticoagulated patient.AimThe aim of this study was to establish whether reiteration of warfarin education in the outpatient setting affects patients’ knowledge of warfarin and anticoagulation control.MethodsThe study was a randomised prospective trial. Participants newly commenced on warfarin at The Royal Melbourne Hospital were randomised to either standard inpatient education (n = 19) or to receive an additional comprehensive warfarin education session (n = 21). The primary outcome was warfarin knowledge as assessed by the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge (OAK) test. Secondary outcomes were time in therapeutic range (TTR) and complications. The duration of follow‐up was 6 weeks.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in OAK test scores (16.3/20 vs 14.4/20, respectively; p = 0.07), TTR (56.9% vs 59.3%, respectively; p = 0.09) or in the incidence of complications.ConclusionWithin the limitations of a single‐centre, underpowered study, we did not detect any significant additional benefit to patient knowledge from further outpatient warfarin education. Current standard inpatient education at our centre compared favourably with other such designed interventions outlined in previous studies. Nevertheless, it is possible that certain subsets of the population may benefit from additional education, such as those with mild cognitive impairment and those from non‐English‐speaking backgrounds; however, a much greater sample size would be required to study these groups.
Ultrasound assisted low‐temperature drying of kiwifruit: Effects on drying kinetics, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity
Authors: Vallespir Francisca , Rodríguez Óscar , Cárcel Juan A , Rosselló Carmen , Simal Susana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundLow‐temperature drying is considered to be a promising technique for food processing. It preserves thermolabile compounds and might be intensified by acoustic assistance. The effect of acoustic assistance (20.5 kW m−3) during low‐temperature drying of kiwifruit (at 5, 10 and 15 °C, and 1 m s−1) on drying kinetics, bioactive compounds (such as ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and total polyphenols), and antioxidant activity was studied.ResultsDrying time was shortened by 55–65% when using power ultrasound. A diffusion model was used to evaluate the drying kinetics. The effective diffusion coefficient increased by 154 ± 30% and the external mass transfer coefficient increased by 158 ± 66% when ultrasound was applied during drying, compared with drying without ultrasound application. With regard to bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, although samples dried at 15 °C presented significantly higher (P < 0.05) losses (39–54% and 57–69%, respectively) than samples dried at 5 °C (14–43% and 23–50%, respectively) when ultrasound was not applied, the application of ultrasound during drying at 15 °C significantly reduced (P < 0.05) those losses in all quality parameters (15–47% and 47–58%, respectively).ConclusionOverall, low‐temperature drying of kiwifruit was enhanced by acoustic assistance preserving bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, especially at 15 °C. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The inhibition mechanism of ϵ‐polylysine against Bacillus cereus emerging in surimi gel during refrigerated storage
Authors: Su Ruihua , Li Tangfei , Fan Daming , Huang Jianlian , Zhao Jianxin , Yan Bowen , Zhou Wenguo , Zhang Wenhai , Zhang Hao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDRefrigeration is commonly used in the processing and storage of surimi products. However, refrigerated surimi products are susceptible to microbial contamination, which leads to deterioration of the products and shortens their shelf life. The aims of the present study were therefore to evaluate the effects of ϵ‐polylysine (ϵ‐PL) on spoilage bacteria in surimi products, and to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of Bacillus cereus, which is the dominant spoilage bacterium.RESULTSϵ‐Polylysine with a high degree of polymerization (20–30K) proved able to decrease the total number of colonies in surimi products and showed an obvious antibacterial effect against B. cereus. After ϵ‐PL treatments, the distinct broken areas on the bacterial surfaces and the aggregations of cells were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The intracellular materials, such as small molecules, soluble proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acids in the cells were analyzed, which revealed the destructive effects of ϵ‐PL on bacterial cells. Experiments with propidium iodide (PI) infiltration experiments verified that the permeability of cell membranes was enhanced by ϵ‐PL treatment.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that ϵ‐PL could destroy the cell membranes and change the permeability of B. cereus, and subsequently the cell contents leaked out to achieve antibacterial effects. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling of an electromagnetic bandgap antenna
Authors: Olule Lillian J. A. , Gnanagurunathan Gnanam , Thulasiraman Nandha Kumar , Kasi Baskaran 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn equivalent circuit is developed for an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) antenna that can provide a mathematically simple means for calculating the antenna's input impedance. The model predicts a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 0.42 GHz which is validated against simulated and measured values of 0.50 GHz and 0.51 GHz, respectively.
Application of variance‐based uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to biological modeling in carbon ion treatment plans
Authors: Kamp Florian , Wilkens Jan J. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeIn ion beam therapy, biological models to estimate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and subsequently the RBE‐weighted dose (RWD) are needed in treatment planning and plan evaluation. The required biological parameters as well as their dependency on ion species and ion energy can typically not be determined directly in experiments for in vivo situations. For that reason they are often derived from in vitro data and biological modeling and subject to large uncertainties. We present a model‐independent Monte Carlo (variance‐) based uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis (SA) approach to quantify the impact of different input uncertainties on a simulated carbon ion treatment plan.MethodThe influences of different input uncertainties are examined by variance‐based SA methods. In this Monte Carlo approach, a function is evaluated 103–105 times. For each of those runs, all inputs are changed simultaneously, using random numbers according to their associated uncertainties. Variance‐based statistic formalisms then rank the input parameter/uncertainty pairs according to their impact on the result of the function. The method of SA includes an uncertainty analysis and was applied to a two‐field spot scanning carbon ion treatment plan for two commonly used biological models and two representative tissue parameter sets.ResultsBased on an exemplary patient case, the application of variance‐based SA for biological measures, relevant in (carbon) ion therapy, is demonstrated. A voxel‐wise calculation for 2.9 · 105 voxels takes ~6 h. A structure‐based SA, which adds an uncertainty band to a RWD‐volume histogram (RW‐DVH) and shows how to decrease the uncertainty in the most effective way, can be calculated in 0.1–1.5 h (depending on the size of the structure). The uncertainties in RBE, RWD or RW‐DVH are broken down to the impact of different uncertainties in the (biological) model input. Biological uncertainties have a higher impact on the resulting RBE and RWD than uncertainties in the physical dose. Excluding the physical dose from the SA only slightly decreased the overall uncertainty, emphasizing the necessity to include biological uncertainties into treatment plan evaluation.ConclusionVariance‐based SA is a powerful tool to evaluate the impact of uncertainties in (carbon) ion therapy. The number of input parameters that can be examined at once is only limited by computation time. A Monte Carlo‐derived, comprehensive uncertainty quantification and a corresponding sensitivity analysis are implemented and provide new information for treatment plan evaluation. A possible future application is a SA‐based biologically robust treatment plan optimization using the additional uncertainty information as presented here.
Macrophage CD40 signaling drives experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Aarts Suzanne ABM , Seijkens Tom TP , Kusters Pascal JH , van Tiel Claudia M , Reiche Myrthe E , den Toom Myrthe , Beckers Linda , van Roomen Cindy PAA , de Winther Menno PJ , Kooij Gijs , Lutgens Esther 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe costimulatory CD40L–CD40 dyad plays a major role in multiple sclerosis (MS). CD40 is highly expressed on MHCII+ B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages in human MS lesions. Here we investigated the role of the CD40 downstream signaling intermediates TNF receptor‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and TRAF6 in MHCII+ cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Both MHCII–CD40–Traf2−/− and MHCII–CD40–Traf6−/− mice showed a reduction in clinical signs of EAE and prevented demyelination. However, only MHCII–CD40–Traf6−/− mice displayed a decrease in myeloid and lymphoid cell infiltration into the CNS that was accompanied by reduced levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IFN‐γ. As CD40–TRAF6 interactions predominantly occur in macrophages, we subjected CD40flflLysMcre mice to EAE. This myeloid‐specific deletion of CD40 resulted in a significant reduction in EAE severity, reduced CNS inflammation and demyelination.In conclusion, the CD40–TRAF6 signaling pathway in MHCII+ cells plays a key role in neuroinflammation and demyelination during EAE. Concomitant with the fact that CD40–TRAF6 interactions are predominant in macrophages, depletion of myeloid CD40 also reduces neuroinflammation. CD40–TRAF6 interactions thus represent a promising therapeutic target for MS. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A New Approach for the Synthesis of Miktoarm Star Polymers Through a Combination of Thiol–Epoxy “Click” Chemistry and ATRP/Ring‐Opening Polymerization Techniques
Authors: Gadwal Ikhlas , Wadgaonkar Prakash P. , Ichake Amol B. , Mane Shivshankar R. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTA new approach was developed for synthesis of certain A3B3‐type of double hydrophilic or amphiphilic miktoarm star polymers using a combination of “grafting onto” and “grafting from” methods. To achieve the synthesis of desired miktoarm star polymers, acetyl protected poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) thiols (Mn = 550 and 2000 g mol−1) were utilized to generate A3‐type of homoarm star polymers through an in situ protective group removal and a subsequent thiol–epoxy “click” reaction with a tris‐epoxide core viz. 1,1,1‐tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethane triglycidyl ether. The secondary hydroxyl groups generated adjacent to the core upon the thiol–epoxy reaction were esterified with α‐bromoisobutyryl bromide to install atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiating sites. ATRP of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) using the three‐arm star PEG polymer fitted with ATRP initiating sites adjacent to the core afforded A3B3‐type of double hydrophilic (PEG)3[poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)] (PNIPAM)3 miktoarm star polymers. Furthermore, the generated hydroxyl groups were directly used as initiator for ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone to prepare A3B3‐type of amphiphilic (PEG)3[poly(ε‐caprolactone)]3 miktoarm star polymers. The double hydrophilic (PEG)3(PNIPAM)3 miktoarm star polymers showed lower critical solution temperature around 34 °C. The preliminary transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated formation of self‐assembly of (PEG)3(PNIPAM)3 miktoarm star polymer in aqueous solution. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 146–156
MALDI Imaging for Proteomic Painting of Heterogeneous Tissue Structures
Authors: Kriegsmann Jörg , Kriegsmann Mark , Kriegsmann Katharina , Longuespée Rémi , Deininger Sören‐Oliver , Casadonte Rita 
Published: November 2018

PurposeTo present matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging as a powerful method to highlight various tissue compartments.Experimental designFormalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue of a uterine cervix, a pancreas, a duodenum, a teratoma, and a breast cancer tissue microarray (TMA) are analyzed by MALDI imaging and by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Peptide images are visualized and analyzed using FlexImaging and SCiLS Lab software. Different histological compartments are compared by hierarchical cluster analysis.ResultsMALDI imaging highlights tissue compartments comparable to IHC. In cervical tissue, normal epithelium can be discerned from intraepithelial neoplasia. In pancreatic and duodenal tissues, m/z signals from lymph follicles, vessels, duodenal mucosa, normal pancreas, and smooth muscle structures can be visualized. In teratoma, specific m/z signals to discriminate squamous epithelium, sebaceous glands, and soft tissue are detected. Additionally, tumor tissue can be discerned from the surrounding stroma in small tissue cores of TMAs. Proteomic data acquisition of complex tissue compartments in FFPE tissue requires less than 1 h with recent mass spectrometers.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe simultaneous characterization of morphological and proteomic features in the same tissue section adds proteomic information for histopathological diagnostics, which relies at present on conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining, histochemical, IHC and molecular methods.
Complexation of common metal cations by cyanins: Binding affinity and molecular structure
Authors: Estévez Laura , Sánchez‐Lozano Marta , Mosquera Ricardo A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe ability of diverse metal cations to form complexes with cyanin has been investigated by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM). The strongest preference is shown by trivalent metals which exceed that of Mg(II), indicating that ion replacement processes are suitable detoxification mechanisms for plants. Molecular structure analysis indicates that the larger the metal affinity of Cy−the longer the C2‐C1’ bond length and smallerρbvalue. This is understood as upon metal complexation the Cy−ligand molecular structure is more compatible with a dienolate‐like structure rather than the 4′‐keto‐quinoidal‐like structure. The weight of the former increases as stronger the binding. QTAIM charges indicate that the stronger the binding energy the larger the charge transfer from Cy−to the metal, reducing its positive charge below the values indicated by the corresponding Lewis structure.
Copper Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Nitriles from Acyl Azides
Authors: Chen Yang , Liu Yu , Zhang Xiao , Lu Da , Yang Lixin , Deng Junfeng , Deng Shengqi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA novel and general protocol for the copper catalyzed reductive elimination of acyl azides to nitriles using triethoxysilane is reported. Various nitriles are obtained in moderate to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance and high chemoselectivity under mild conditions. This new reaction can be performed using a cheap copper catalyst, a simple NHC ligand, an inexpensive silane, and with low catalyst loading.