bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The validity and utility of violence risk assessment tools to predict patient violence in acute care settings: An integrative literature review
Authors: Ghosh Manonita , Twigg Di , Kutzer Yvonne , Towell‐Barnard Amanda , De Jong Gideon , Dodds Mary 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo examine risk assessment tools to predict patient violence in acute care settings. An integrative review of the literature. Five electronic databases – CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, OVID, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched between 2000 and 2018. The reference list of articles was also inspected manually. The PICOS framework was used to refine the inclusion and exclusion of the literature, and the PRISMA statement guided the search strategy to systematically present findings. Forty‐one studies were retained for review. Three studies developed or tested tools to measure patient violence in general acute care settings, and two described the primary and secondary development of tools in emergency departments. The remaining studies reported on risk assessment tools that were developed or tested in psychiatric inpatient settings. In total, 16 violence risk assessment tools were identified. Thirteen of them were developed to assess the risk of violence in psychiatric patients. Two of them were found to be accurate and reliable to predict violence in acute psychiatric facilities and have practical utility for general acute care settings. Two assessment tools were developed and administered in general acute care, and one was developed to predict patient violence in emergency departments. There is no single, user‐friendly, standardized evidence‐based tool available for predicting violence in general acute care hospitals. Some were found to be accurate in assessing violence in psychiatric inpatients and have potential for use in general acute care, require further testing to assess their validity and reliability.
Rare chemical burns: Review of the Literature
Authors: Akelma Hakan , Karahan Zeki A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere are many chemicals that can cause burns. Although they are generally acidic and basic in nature, there are more than one million known chemical compounds, of which 300 have been declared highly hazardous chemical substances by the National Fire Protection Society. Chemical burns account for approximately 10.7% of all burn injuries and 30% of deaths because of burns. Chemicals can be classified as acid, alkali, organic, and inorganic compounds. Acids act by denaturing and coagulating proteins. Alkaline burns cause deeper burns than acid burns.
The effect of music intervention on patients with cancer‐related pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yangöz Şefika Tuğba , Özer Zeynep 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo synthesize the effect of music intervention on patients with cancer‐related pain in randomized controlled trials.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials following Cochrane methods.Data resourcesSystematic searches were conducted in Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer Link, Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations, Ovid, CINAHL, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Proquest, Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center, ULAKBIM Turkish National Databases for studies published in English and Turkish without year limitation. The review period covered 1978–March 2018.Review methodsThe risk of bias of eligible studies was evaluated by two researchers using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.ResultsSix studies with 593 participants met the inclusion criteria. Music intervention was generally applied by the passive listening method, which ranged from 30–60 min and 1–3 sessions. No significant publication bias was found in the main outcomes. As a result of the meta‐analysis, it was found that music interventions have a moderate effect on cancer‐related pain.ConclusionMusic intervention can have a positive effect on the management of cancer pain. The studies reported no adverse events. Nurses can use music intervention to manage cancer‐related pain.ImpactThe meta‐analysis addressed the effect of music intervention on cancer‐related pain. The statistical result indicates that music intervention was moderately effective in cancer‐related pain. The findings of this study will contribute to the application of effective music intervention by nurses and will provide guidance for the development of studies related to the effect of music intervention on cancer‐related pain.
Qualitative evidence syntheses: Assessing the relative contributions of multi‐context and single‐context reviews
Authors: Booth Andrew , Mshelia Suleiman , Analo Chukwudi V. , Nyakang'o Sarange Brenda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsTo examine the strengths and weaknesses of multi‐context (international) qualitative evidence syntheses in comparison with single‐context (typically single‐country) reviews. We compare a multi‐country synthesis with single‐context syntheses on facility‐based delivery in Nigeria and Kenya.DesignDiscussion paper.BackgroundQualitative evidence increasingly contributes to decision‐making. International organizations commission multi‐context reviews of qualitative evidence to gain a comprehensive picture of similarities and differences across comparable (e.g., low‐ and middle‐income) countries. Such syntheses privilege breadth over contextual detail, risking inappropriate interpretation and application of review findings. Decision‐makers value single‐context syntheses that account for the contexts of their populations and health services. We explore how findings from multi‐ and single‐context syntheses contribute against a conceptual framework (adequacy, coherence, methodological limitations and relevance) that underpins the GRADE Confidence in Evidence of Reviews of Qualitative Evidence approach.Data sourcesIncluded studies and findings from a multi‐context qualitative evidence synthesis (2001–2013) and two single‐context syntheses (Nigeria, 2006–2017; and Kenya, 2002–2016; subsequently updated and revised).FindingsSingle‐context reviews contribute cultural, ethnic and religious nuances and specific health system factors (e.g., use of a voucher system). Multi‐context reviews contribute to universal health concerns and to generic health system concerns (e.g., access and availability).Implications for nursingNurse decision‐makers require relevant, timely and context‐sensitive evidence to inform clinical and managerial decision‐making. This discussion paper informs future commissioning and use of multi‐ and single‐context qualitative evidence syntheses.ConclusionMulti‐ and single‐context syntheses fulfil complementary functions. Single‐context syntheses add nuances not identifiable in the remit and timescales of a multi‐context review.

Impact

This study offers a unique comparison between multi‐context and single country (Nigeria and Kenya) qualitative syntheses exploring facility‐based birth.

Clear strengths and weaknesses were identified to inform commissioning and application of future syntheses.

Characteristics can inform the commissioning of single‐ and multi‐context nursing‐oriented reviews across the world.
Long term assessment of root coverage stability using connective tissue graft with or without an epithelial collar for gingival recession treatment. A 12‐year follow‐up from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Barootchi Shayan , Tavelli Lorenzo , Di Gianfilippo Riccardo , Byun Ho‐Young , Oh Tae‐Ju , Barbato Luigi , Cairo Francesco , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the long term root coverage outcomes of coronally advanced flap plus a connective tissue graft with (CAF + CTG) or without an epithelial collar (CAF + ECTG), and evaluate the adjacent treated sites included in the flap.MethodsSeventeen of the original 20 subjects included in the randomized clinical trial were available at 12 years (43 sites). Mean root coverage (mRC), keratinized tissue width (KTW), gingival thickness (GT) on the grafted and adjacent sites were evaluated and compared with baseline and 6 months.ResultThere was a reduction in the mRC at all sites: 16.52% in the CAF + CTG (p > .05), 19.42% in the CAF + ECTG (p < .05) and 34.12% in the CAF‐alone (adjacent treated sites) group (p < .05). No significant differences were observed within the groups for changes in KTW, GT and clinical attachment level (CAL) (p > .05). Keratinized tissue width at baseline and at 6 months was found to be predictors for the stability of the gingival margin in the long term.ConclusionsCAF + CTG and CAF + ECTG were found equally efficacious in maintaining the levels of the gingival margin with a small amount of relapse over the period of 12 years while CAF‐alone sites showed a greater gingival recession (GR) reoccurrence.
Distinct developmental trajectories of body mass index and diabetes risk: A 5‐year longitudinal study of Chinese adults
Authors: Dai Haijiang , Li Fei , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Wang Jiangang , Chen Zhiheng , Yuan Hong , Lu Yao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis longitudinal study aimed to explore whether distinct developmental trajectories of body mass index (BMI) would be predictive of diabetes risk in general Chinese adults.Materials and MethodsA total of 4,519 participants aged >18 years who were free of diabetes in 2011 (baseline of the current analysis) were enrolled in this study. All participants completed a medical examination every year during 2011–2016, and BMI levels were measured two to six (average 5.6) times. Group‐based trajectory modeling was applied to identify BMI trajectories over time. New‐onset diabetes was confirmed in 2016.ResultsDuring 2011–2016, four distinct BMI trajectories were identified according to BMI range and changing pattern over time: “low” (19.6%), “moderate” (33.4%), “moderate‐high” (33.4%) and “high” (13.6%). A total of 168 (3.7%) new‐onset diabetes cases were confirmed in 2016. Compared with the “low” BMI trajectory, participants in the “high” BMI trajectory were at significantly higher risk for new‐onset diabetes (adjusted relative risk 3.24, 95% confidence interval 1.27–8.24). Notably, BMI trajectories based on the first four or three annual BMI tests yielded similar results. By contrast, no significant correlation was found between categories of baseline BMI and new‐onset diabetes in 2016 after multivariate adjustment.ConclusionsThe present results show that distinct BMI trajectories, even identified using just four or three annual BMI tests, are significantly associated with new‐onset diabetes. Monitoring BMI trajectories over time might provide an important approach to identify subpopulations at higher risk for developing diabetes.
First isolation of Flavobacterium psychrophilum associated with reports of moribund wild European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in Scotland
Authors: Soares Sílvia M. C. , Walker Amanda , Elwenn Svenja A. , Bayliss Sion , Garden Alison , Stagg Hannah E. B. , Munro Eann S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn late April 2015, the River Dee Trust informed Marine Scotland Science, Fish Health Inspectorate (FHI), that there had been observations of dead and moribund European eels on the River Dee. Later in May, the Spey Fishery Board also reported a number of moribund European eels in a rotary screw smolt trap on the River Spey. In total, 10 cases involving moribund eels were investigated in 2015 and one case in 2016. In addition, a health screen was conducted to investigate the potential presence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in healthy eels and Atlantic salmon from the River Dee in 2015. Externally, the diseased eels demonstrated white patches in different locations of the body. In all cases, F. psychrophilum was detected by bacterial isolation and/or molecular methods. Three isolates were further characterized by whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) as belonging to sequence type 15 (ST15). Histological examination of diseased European eels revealed lesions at the level of the integument. The pathogen screen for F. psychrophilum in wild healthy fish tested negative by PCR. Further investigation is required to understand the pathogenicity of this bacterium on the health of eels and the potential impact on the wild salmonid population.
Baseline and kinetics of serum hepatitis B virus RNA predict response to pegylated interferon‐based therapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen‐negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Limothai Umaporn , Chuaypen Natthaya , Poovorawan Kittiyod , Chotiyaputta Watcharasak , Tanwandee Tawesak , Poovorawan Yong , Tangkijvanich Pisit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSerum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA has emerged as a novel biomarker of treatment response. This study aimed to investigate the role of this marker in predicting long‐term outcome of patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN)‐based therapy. Serial serum samples from 91 patients with HBeAg‐negative CHB previously treated with PEG‐IFN alone or combined with entecavir in a randomized trial were retrospectively analysed. HBV RNA quantification was examined by droplet digital PCR. At the end of 3 years post‐treatment follow‐up, maintained virological response (MVR, HBV DNA < 2000 IU/mL), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance were achieved in 37.4% (34/91) and 7.7% (7/91), respectively. Baseline serum HBV RNA concentrations correlated with HBV DNA and covalently closed circular DNA but did not correlate with HBsAg levels. Multiple regression analysis showed that pre‐treatment HBV RNA and HBsAg were independently associated with MVR and HBsAg clearance. Baseline HBV RNA (cut‐off 2.0 log10 copies/mL) had a positive predictive value (PPV) and a negative predictive value in predicting MVR of 80.8% and 80.0%, respectively. At the same cut‐off value, PPV and NPV for predicting HBsAg clearance were 30.8% and 95.4%, respectively. At week 12 during therapy, HBV RNA level ≥ 2 log10 copies/mL displayed high NPVs of achieving MVR and HBsAg clearance (95% and 100%, respectively). In conclusion, the measurement of HBV RNA prior to PEG‐IFN‐based therapy could identify patients with high probability of MVR. In addition, HBV RNA kinetics may serve as a promising “stopping rule” in patients infected with HBV genotypes B or C.
See, Touch, and Feel: Enhancing Young Children's Empathy Learning Through a Tablet Game
Authors: Wu Ling , Kim Minkang 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTOngoing research is providing new insights into the biological rudiments of empathy and its neurobiological underpinnings. There is also growing awareness that tablet technology, when used educationally and ethically, can aid adolescents and young‐adults' empathic learning. However, there has been little attempt globally to translate this new knowledge into the learning and teaching of empathy in early years education. This small‐scale study aimed at enhancing 3–6‐year‐olds' empathy by designing a tablet game and evaluating its developmental impact by combining teachers' observation with pre‐electroencephalogram (EEG) and post‐EEG. Children in one Australian preschool, were invited to (1) attend to and perceive emotionally salient events in a story, (2) actively share the emotions of the characters identified, and (3) take others' perspectives, reasoning why a given emotion arises within the context. Repeated measures analysis of both EEG and observation data indicate that interacting with the tablet game enhanced participating preschoolers' empathic learning.
Genomic signatures and co‐occurrence patterns of the ultra‐small Saccharimonadia (phylum CPR/Patescibacteria) suggest a symbiotic lifestyle
Authors: Lemos Leandro N. , Medeiros Julliane D. , Dini‐Andreote Francisco , Fernandes Gabriel R. , Varani Alessandro M. , Oliveira Guilherme , Pylro Victor S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe size of bacterial genomes is often associated with organismal metabolic capabilities determining ecological breadth and lifestyle. The recently proposed Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR)/Patescibacteria encompasses mostly unculturable bacterial taxa with relatively small genome sizes with potential for co‐metabolism interdependencies. As yet, little is known about the ecology and evolution of CPR, particularly with respect to how they might interact with other taxa. Here, we reconstructed two novel genomes (namely, Candidatus Saccharibacter sossegus and Candidatus Chaer renensis) of taxa belonging to the class Saccharimonadia within the CPR/Patescibacteria using metagenomes obtained from acid mine drainage (AMD). By testing the hypothesis of genome streamlining or symbiotic lifestyle, our results revealed clear signatures of gene losses in these genomes, such as those associated with de novo biosynthesis of essential amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids and cofactors. In addition, co‐occurrence analysis provided evidence supporting potential symbioses of these organisms with Hydrotalea sp. in the AMD system. Together, our findings provide a better understanding of the ecology and evolution of CPR/Patescibacteria and highlight the importance of genome reconstruction for studying metabolic interdependencies between unculturable Saccharimonadia representatives.
Photosynthesis across African cassava germplasm is limited by Rubisco and mesophyll conductance at steady state, but by stomatal conductance in fluctuating light
Authors: De Souza Amanda P. , Wang Yu , Orr Douglas J. , Carmo‐Silva Elizabete , Long Stephen P. 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Sub‐Saharan Africa is projected to see a 55% increase in food demand by 2035, where cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the most widely planted crop and a major calorie source. Yet, cassava yield in this region has not increased significantly for 13 yr. Improvement of genetic yield potential, the basis of the first Green Revolution, could be realized by improving photosynthetic efficiency. First, the factors limiting photosynthesis and their genetic variability within extant germplasm must be understood.

Biochemical and diffusive limitations to leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake under steady state and fluctuating light in 13 farm‐preferred and high‐yielding African cultivars were analyzed. A cassava leaf metabolic model was developed to quantify the value of overcoming limitations to leaf photosynthesis.

At steady state, in vivo Rubisco activity and mesophyll conductance accounted for 84% of the limitation. Under nonsteady‐state conditions of shade to sun transition, stomatal conductance was the major limitation, resulting in an estimated 13% and 5% losses in CO2 uptake and water use efficiency, across a diurnal period. Triose phosphate utilization, although sufficient to support observed rates, would limit improvement in leaf photosynthesis to 33%, unless improved itself.

The variation of carbon assimilation among cultivars was three times greater under nonsteady state compared to steady state, pinpointing important overlooked breeding targets for improved photosynthetic efficiency in cassava.
Brain flexibility associated with need for cognition contributes to creative achievement
Authors: He Li , Zhuang Kaixiang , Li Yu , Sun Jiangzhou , Meng Jie , Zhu Wenfeng , Mao Yu , Chen Qunlin , Chen Xiaoyi , Qiu Jiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdvances in graph‐theoretic models of networks have made it possible to investigate the topological properties of the human brain across time and space. Brain flexibility is defined as the frequency with which brain regions switch between different functional modules over time and has been shown to correlate with higher‐order cognitive functions. Need for cognition (NFC) refers to a personality trait to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive endeavors and usually has a positive effect on diverse cognitive activities (e.g., creativity), which may also be closely related to brain flexibility. Here, we tested whether the flexibility of a large‐scale brain network associated with NFC facilitated creative achievement. Robust correlation analyses showed that NFC correlates with the flexibility of the insula, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the putamen at the node level. Several large‐scale brain networks whose flexibility also correlated with NFC, including the default mode network, salience network, subcortical network, ventral attention network, and control network, imply that higher NFC individuals may exhibit better cognitive abilities, such as executive control, salient detection, spontaneous thought, and motivation function. Interestingly, only global flexibility acted as a mediator in the relationship between NFC and creative achievement, suggesting that the mediating mechanism may involve an interaction between distinct regions or large‐scale networks across the entire brain instead of the functional characteristic of local regions. Together, we demonstrate that the higher NFC is, the more flexible the brain, which may provide a potential insight into the acquisition of creative achievement.
An extreme wave event in eastern Yucatán, Mexico: Evidence of a palaeotsunami event during the Mayan times
Authors: Lario Javier , Spencer Chris , Bardají Teresa , Marchante Ángel , Garduño‐monroy Victor H. , Macias Jorge , Ortega Sergio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, has typically been considered a tectonically stable region with little significant seismic activity. The region though, is one that is regularly affected by hurricanes. A detailed survey ofca100 km of the eastern Yucatán and Cozumel coast identified the presence of ridges containing individual boulders measuring >1 m in length. The boulder ridges reach 5 m in height and their origin is associated with extreme wave event activity. Previously modelled tsunami waves from known seismically active zones in the region (Muertos Thrust Belt and South Caribbean Deformed Belt) are not of sufficient scale in the area of the Yucatán Peninsula to have produced the boulder ridges recorded in this study. The occurrence of hurricanes in this region is more common, but two of the most destructive (Hurricane Gilbert 1988 and Hurricane Wilma 2005) produced coastal waves too small to have created the ridges recorded here. In this paper, a new tsunami model with a source area located on the Motagua/Swan Island Fault System has been generated that indicates a tsunami event may have caused the extreme wave events that resulted in the deposition of the boulder ridges.
Gatekeeping disability income support: A conceptual model
Authors: McAllister Ashley 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn most developed countries, disability income support caseloads are on the rise. Little empirical knowledge exists, however, about how policy‐makers design these programmes, contributing to caseload growth. This article specifically explores how the boundary between who is eligible and who is not for disability income support is drawn in Australia and Canada. Forty‐five interviews were conducted between March 2012 and September 2013 with informants who were or are currently involved in designing disability income support in these jurisdictions. Analysis followed the fundamental steps of grounded theory. Findings revealed that the informants describe this process as “gatekeeping,” which can be subdivided into two stages: (a) establishing the gate (definition of disability) and (b) operating the gate (who interprets the definition and how). I present the results using a conceptual model I developed, deconstructing each stage of the process of gatekeeping into discrete units of analysis. The model is useful for future comparative studies, providing a historical perspective and allows policy researchers to concentrate on specific aspects of the process in detail, which could lead to finding solutions to the challenges related to disability income support.