bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
وجه الإعجاز البلاغي في القرآن الكريم عند الرماني في كتاب النكت
Authors: مرزوقي مسعود 
Published: December 2024

تناول الرماني في رسالته "النكت في إعجاز القرآن " وجها من وجوه الإعجاز القرآني، وهو الإعجاز البلاغي، واتجه إلى الكشف عن هذا الجانب عن طريق هذه الألوان البلاغية العشرة، التي ركز عليها بغية الكشف على أسرارها الإعجازية معتمدا على جوانب فنية مثل الموازنة من أجل الوقوف على تفاضل الكلام عن الكلام، وسعى إلى إثبات هذا التفاضل بالتحليل والشواهد القرآنية، مبينا ما فيها من الأسرار البلاغية، وكذا موازنات بين النص القرآني وما قيل في معناها من كلام العرب، البلاغية، يمكن حصر هذه الألوان في الصورة البيانية، والصورة الدلالية التركيبية، والصورة الصوتية، فهو يرى أن أسرار الإعجاز كامنة في هذا الجانب، والجانب العلمي عنده يكمن في اعتماده على الشواهد القرآنية في الغالب.
التّعريف بين التأثير الأرسطي والتأصيل العربي
Authors: بن يوسف حميدي 
Published: December 2024

تأثر العلماء العرب المسلمون بالتراث الفكري الأرسطي خاصة في تعاملهم مع مسائل التّعريف، باعتبار التّعريف من أهمّ المنطلقات في تحصيل المعرفة، وقد انقسم العلماء العرب القدماء في نظرتهم إلى التعريف إلى قسمين، قسم متأثر بالمنطق الأرسطي وهو المقر بوجود تعريف حقيقي يصل إلى المتحقق والممكن، وقسم حاول أصحابه أن يؤسسوا فكرا أصيلا متميّزا، ببناء نظريّة في التعريف تستمدّ أصولها من الاستعمال التّواصلي للّغة ومن نسبيّة المعاني. وقد تعرض الفريقان إلى الكثير من القضايا المرتبطة بالتّعريف، إلاّ أنّهم لم يتعمّقوا في بعض المسائل.
تأصيل عوارض التركيب النحوي
Authors: بن أحمد بدوي علي حنفي 
Published: December 2024

يعدّ بناء الجملة العربيّة نظاما متناسقا له قواعده التي تحكم تراكيبه ومكونّاته، تلك التّراكيب التي تسير على نسق متعارف عليه بين علماء العربيّة، هذه المكونّات أو القواعد قد استنبطت من الاستقراء الدّقيق للمنطوق والمسموع والمكتوب من كلام العرب نثرا وشعرا في فترة الاحتجاج اللغويّ، تلك الفترة الزمنية المؤطرّة بإطار مكانيّ ليجتمع الزمان والمكان في تشكيل القواعد التّركيبية للنّحو العربيّ؛ فقد يحذف من التّركيب ما حقه الذكر، أو تحلّ كلمة مكان كلمة أخرى، أو تختلف الرتبة الأصليّة في بناء الجملة فيتقدّم ما حقه التأخير، ويتأخّر ما حقه التّقديم، وكذلك قد يدخل في بناء الجملة حرف زائد على تركيبها الأصلي لغرض دلاليّ.
هذه العوارض في التّركيب النّحويّ لا تأتي اعتباطيّة في الجملة؛ بل تأتي لهدف يقصده المتكلّم باللّغة ليفهمه المتّلقي على وجه معيّن، يساهم في هذا الفهم الأسلوب والتّركيب الّغوي، وسياق الكلام العام.
ولكي نفهم هذه العوارض، ونعرف مواضعها في التّركيب النّحوي لا بدّ من الرّجوع إلى التّراث النّحوي العربيّ. وقد قام البحث على تأثيل نحويّ لبعض عوارض التّريكيب وهي : الحذف، والزيادة، الإحلال
تعليم النحو العربي بين غايتي حفظ اللسان وفهم مقاصد الكلام
Authors: ولد دالي محمد 
Published: December 2024

يشكو المدرسّون في الوطن العربيّ من ضعف المتعلمين في الأطوار المختلفة، في استعمال اللّغة العربيّة مشافهة وتحريرا. ولئن اختلفت مذاهبهم في تحديد أسباب هذا الضعف، فإنّ المهتمين بهذا الشّان ينسبون ذلك إلى قواعد النّحو العربيّ، وهم على فريقين : فريق يرى الخلل في هذه القواعد في حدّ ذاتها، وفريق آخر يرى أنّ الخلل يكمن في طرائق تدريس تلك القواعد.
ومن بين الانتقادات التي وٌجّهت إلى طرائق تدريس قواعد النّحو العربيّ تركيز المؤلّفات المدرسيّة بعرض جدل النّحاة حول المسائل النّحويّة الخلافيّة وتعدّد الوجوه النّحويّة في إعراب الجملة الواحدة
ظاهرة الحذف في ضوء الاستعمال اللغوي
Authors: أبو اليزيد خفاجة إبراهيم محمد 
Published: December 2024

إنَّ ظاهرة الحذف من الظواهر اللّغويّة التي تشترك فيها اللغات الإنسانية، لأغراض متعدّدة في نفوس مستخدميها، لكنّها في اللّغة العربيّة أكتر ثباتاً ووضوحاً؛ لأنَّ اللّغة العربيّة من خصائصها الأصيلة الميل إلى الإيجاز والاختصار.
ويُعدّ الحذف ضرباً من ضروب البلاغة والفصاحة، حيث عدَّ العرب الحذف أحد نوعي الإيجاز وهما: القصر والحذف، وتؤكدّ العديد من المصادر والاستعمالات اللغويّة والشواهد التاريخيّة أنَّ العرب قد نفرت مما هو ثقيل في لسانها، ومالت إلى ما هو خفيف، ومن ثم عمدوا إلى الحذف لتحقيق ما أردوا.
وقد اتخذّت ظاهرة الحذف في اللّغة العربيّة مظاهر متعدّدة، فلم تقتصر على بنيّة الكلمة المفردة فقط، بل شملت أيضا بنية الجملة العربية والتّراكيب النّحوية على اختلاف أنواعها.
وتعدّدت أسباب الحذف وتنوّعت مواضعه وأغراضه، واختلفت شروطه وأحكامه من باب إلى آخر، وتردّد هذا المصطلح في كثير من المؤلّفات العربيّة حيث استخدم في العديد من أبواب الدّرس اللّغوي، وتردّد بين النّحو والبلاغة، والدّراسات الصوتيّة، وهذا البحث محاولة لإلقاء مزيد من الضوء على تلك الظاهرة اللغويّة والكشف عن كنهها وأسبابها، والمواضع التي آثرت العرب فيها الحذف على الذكر، والإيجاز على التّطويل، وما يترتب على ذلك من نتائج، وما يثار حولها من خلال بين علماء النحو والبلاغة.
SIGNIFICANCE OF HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (HER2-NEU) MARKER IN UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Maryam bibi  , Walayat Shah  , Asif Muhammad , Maria Tasneem khattak  , Anwar Wazir  , Aysha jamil  
Published: December 2024

Study design: Cross-Sectional descriptive studySetting: Histopathology section of Pathology department at Rahman Medical Institute (RMI) Peshawar and Khyber Medical University (KMU) Peshawar
Period: Six months from January to June, 2017 after approval from university Ethical board.
Material and Methods: this was a descriptive study and 63 cases were selected by purposive sampling. Tissue samples from diagnosed cases of urothelial carcinoma urinary bladder were included. Cases of urothelial carcinoma from other sites were excluded. Paraffin embedded tissue blocks were cut and sections stained by H&E to evaluate histopathological features and tumor grades. Immunohistochemical expression of HER2 was determined applying standard techniques of immunohistochemistry.
Results: Out of total 63 cases, 44 were males and 19 were female with a mean age of60.69 years (range 16-90 years). There were 38 High grade, 23 Low grade and 2 cases ofPUNLMP. 36 cases were positive for HER2 expression in which 26(72.2%) were Highgrade, 9(25%) of Low grade and 1(2.7%) of PUNLMP (Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential. High grade was more common in HER2 positive cases and this relationship was significant (p<.05). Among positive 36 cases, 19 cases of +3 score were High grade, 05 in Low grade and 01 in PUNLMP while score 2+ was in 07 cases of High grade and 04 were in Low grade. The relationship of HER2 score was not significantly related to grade of tumor (p>.05)
To determine frequency of distribution of breast carcinoma patients based on American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging of Breast Cancer (8th Edition)
Authors: Saeed Sidrah , Adil Zeenat , Majid Adbul , Rehman Mahnoor 
Published: December 2024

Objective: To determine frequency of distribution of breast carcinoma patients presenting to our centre based on American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for breast cancer (8th edition).
Study design: Cross sectional
Study duration: 12 months (January 2019 to December 2019).

Study settings: Radiology Department Kuwait Teaching Hospital ,KPK.
Material and methods: A sample size of 164 patients was calculated by WHO, non-probability consecutive sampling was used. Ethical approval was taken from hospital. Consent forms were taken from all participants. Only biopsy proven case were included in our study. Patient having initial presentation and those coming for restaging after surgery/chemotherapy were included in study group. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.
Results: Total 164 breast cancer women were included in study. Mean age of patients was 45.6±1.7SD. Among all the patient 164(100%), 72(43.9%) had no lesion, 36(22%) had T1, 15(9.1%) had T2, 10(6.1%) had T3, 2(1.2%) had T4a and 29(17.7%) had T4b, 80(48.8%) had no lymph node, 55(33.5%) had N1, 9(5.5%) had N2, 2(1.2%) had N3a, 8(4.9%) had N3b, 10(6.1%) had N3c, 91(55.5%) had M0 and 73(44.5%) had M1.The lesions were further categorized into stage groups. Majority of patients were in stage IV ( 45.1% ).
Conclusion: Breast cancer is a common life threatening cancer in Pakistani Women. TNM classification is an effective classification system of breast cancer. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary therapy leads to improvement of prognosis in breast cancer staging
PEEPING INTO THE RETENTION WORLD: SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS LEADING TO ACUTE URINARY RETENTION IN AGING MEN DUE TO BENIGN PROSTATIC ENLARGEMENT
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Hassan Asiya , Hassan Muneeb , Hayat Faiza , Khan Ihsanullah , Sheikh Kainaat 
Published: December 2024

Objective: To study the sociocultural factors responsible for acute urinary retention due to clinically benign enlarge prostate in elderly male.
Methods: It is a descriptive study conducted in at Institute of Kidney Disease, Hayatabad Peshawar from January 2019 till December 2019. 104 patients with acute urinary retention were selected by non-probability consecutive sampling. We included all patients with spontaneous acute urinary retention presenting to Urology outpatient department of Institute of Kidney Diseases Peshawar. We excluded patients with bladder stone, chronic retention due to causes other than benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), urethral stricture. Structured proforma was used for data collection and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17 was used for analysis
Results: The mean age of the patients was 71.5± 5.7 years. 88 (84%) patients had no formal education. 88 (84 %) patients were having no knowledge of prostate gland. 76 (73.3%) respondents considered the urinary symptoms as aging process. 56 (53 %) patients admitted the financial constraints in seeking medical help. 86 (82%) patients denied to be neglected by family members and 94 (90%) patients admitted the social embarrassment with lower urinary symptoms. 76 (73 %) were having symptoms for 1 or more than 1 year before seeking medical attention. Only 36 (34%) patients were initially seen by doctors before referring to tertiary care facility.
Conclusion: Acute urinary retention due to clinically benign enlarge prostate is a social problem. Lack of health education, illiteracy and poor referral system are the leading sociocultural risk factors of acute urinary retention.
Pengaruh Net Profit Margin Dan Earning Per Share Terhadap Harga Saham PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk. (Periode 2014-2023)
Authors: Majdudah Gina Sa’adatul , Yusnita Rita Tri , Patimah Titin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Net Profit Margin dan Earning Per Share terhadap Harga Saham pada PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif asosiatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi. Alat analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis jalur (path analysis). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa: (1) Net Profit Margin berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Earning Per Share pada PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk. (2) Net Profit Margin dan Earning Per Share secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham pada PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk. (3) Net Profit Margin tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap Harga Saham pada PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk. (4) Earning Per Share tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap Harga Saham pada PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk. (5) Net Profit Margin tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham Melalui Earning Per Share pada PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk.
ABSTRACT
The research is conducted by the objective to know the effect of Net Profit Margin and Earning Per Share on Stock Price on PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with associative descriptive methods. data collection technique used in this study is documentation. The data analysis tool used in this study is path analysis. Based on the results pf the study, it can be seen that: (1) Net Profit Margin has a significant effect on Earning Per Share on PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk. (2) Net Profit Margin and Earning Per Share simultaneously have a significant effect on Stock Price on PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk. (3) Net Profit Margin has no direct effect on Stock Price on PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk. (4) Earning Per Share has no direct effect on Stock Price on PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk. (5) Net Profit Margin does not have a significant effect on Stock Prices through Earning Per Share at PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Ibu Menyusui Dalam Pemberian Asi Esklusif Di Rsia Dwi Sari Lubuk Linggau
Authors: Jannah Miftahul , Iswari Indra , sari Liya Lugita 
Published: December 2024

The World Health Organisation (WHO) issued child growth standards that were then implemented in all parts of the world. The content is to emphasise the importance of breastfeeding alone to babies from birth to 6 months of age, this means that babies only receive breast milk from the mother or from caregivers who are asked by the mother to breastfeed, without the addition of other liquids or solid foods, except syrups containing vitamins, supplements, minerals or drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitude of breastfeeding mothers in exclusive breastfeeding at RSIA Dwi Sari Lubuk Linggau. This study uses cross sectional research methods The population in this study were all mothers who breastfeed The sample in this study were 84 respondents with purposive sampling technique. This research instrument used a questionnaire. Data analysis was univariate and bivariate. The results showed that respondents who were less knowledgeable were (66.7) respondents' attitudes were not supportive, namely (60.7%) and respondents who did not give exclusive breastfeeding were (69%) It is hoped that health services should provide information in increasing exclusive breastfeeding.
Ferienwohnungen im Fokus der Finanzverwaltung
Authors: Köster Martina 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Statistik zu Ferienhäusern und -wohnungen in Deutschland zeigt, dass der Ferienhaus- und Ferienwohnungsmarkt in Deutschland - nicht zuletzt seit der Corona Krise - an Bedeutung zugenommen hat. Verbrachten vor der Corona-Pandemie nur ca. 12% der Befragten ihren Urlaub in einem Ferienhaus oder einer Ferienwohnung, waren es lt. einer Umfrage des Statistischen Bundesamtes im April und Mai 2020 fast 40 %. Dieser Trend scheint sich auch in der Zeit danach gefestigt zu haben. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben die Überlegungen der Steuerpflichtigen in Bezug auf eine Anschaffung einer Ferienimmobilie in Deutschland zugenommen. Nicht selten investieren Steuerpflichtige in Ferienimmobilien, um sich einerseits einen persönlichen Rückzugsort für ihre Freizeit bzw. ihren Urlaub in einer (bei ihnen) beliebten Ferienregion zu schaffen, und zum anderen sind sie durch verschiedene Investitionsmotive getrieben. So kann der Kauf einer Ferienwohnung zur Schaffung einer zusätzlichen Einnahmequelle oder als Altersvorsorge dienen, aus Sorge vor einer Inflation oder aus Steuersparmotiven heraus begründet sein. Zu beachten sind jedoch viele steuerliche Vorschriften und Besonderheiten, die beginnend bei der Anschaffung bis hin zu einem späteren Verkauf, von Bedeutung sein können.
Probabilistic Representation and Inverse Design of Metamaterials Based on a Deep Generative Model with Semi‐Supervised Learning Strategy
Authors: Ma Wei , Cheng Feng , Xu Yihao , Wen Qinlong , Liu Yongmin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe research of metamaterials has achieved enormous success in the manipulation of light in a prescribed manner using delicately designed subwavelength structures, so‐called meta‐atoms. Even though modern numerical methods allow for the accurate calculation of the optical response of complex structures, the inverse design of metamaterials, which aims to retrieve the optimal structure according to given requirements, is still a challenging task owing to the nonintuitive and nonunique relationship between physical structures and optical responses. To better unveil this implicit relationship and thus facilitate metamaterial designs, it is proposed to represent metamaterials and model the inverse design problem in a probabilistically generative manner, enabling to elegantly investigate the complex structure–performance relationship in an interpretable way, and solve the one‐to‐many mapping issue that is intractable in a deterministic model. Moreover, to alleviate the burden of numerical calculations when collecting data, a semisupervised learning strategy is developed that allows the model to utilize unlabeled data in addition to labeled data in an end‐to‐end training. On a data‐driven basis, the proposed deep generative model can serve as a comprehensive and efficient tool that accelerates the design, characterization, and even new discovery in the research domain of metamaterials, and photonics in general.
Dynamic Assembly of Small Parts in Vortex–Vortex Traps Established within a Rotating Fluid
Authors: Lee Taehoon , Sobolev Yaroslav I. , Cybulski Olgierd , Grzybowski Bartosz A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStable, purely fluidic particle traps established by vortex flows induced within a rotating fluid are described. The traps can manipulate various types of small parts, dynamically assembling them into high‐symmetry clusters, cages, interlocked architectures, jammed colloidal monoliths, or colloidal formations on gas bubbles. The strength and the shape of the trapping region can be controlled by the strengths of one or both vortices and/or by the system's global angular velocity. The system exhibits a range of interesting dynamical behaviors including a Hopf‐bifurcation transition between equilibrium‐point trapping and the so‐called limit cycle in which the particles are confined to circular orbits. Theoretical considerations indicate that these vortex–vortex traps can be further miniaturized to manipulate objects with sizes down to ≈10 µm.
Bright Silver Brilliancy from Irregular Microstructures in Butterfly Curetis acuta Moore
Authors: Liu Xianghui , Wang Dantong , Yang Zhiwei , Zhou Han , Zhao Qibin , Fan Tongxiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStructural whiteness in nature is one of the useful optical phenomena contributed by refined microstructures and serves important biological functions. However, whiteness residing in wings, antennae, and bodies of butterflies often draws less attention, with undetected physical mechanisms and applications. Here, it is discovered that bright silver scales on the ventral side of butterfly Curetis acuta Moore have enhanced broadband reflection with particular angle dependency, which is dominated by the irregularity of scales. The broadband reflection is the result of color mixing effect caused by laminated scales with irregular layer space and thickness. The special angle dependency suggests that the reflection intensity changes with azimuth angles but remains unvaried at different viewing angles along given direction. This is the consequence of diffraction caused by ridges and irregular holes on the scales, which generates the shining effect and extends the viewing angle of broadband reflection. The characteristic reflection property is speculated to be used for intraspecific communication. Furthermore, it is found that the broadband reflection property of the silver scales is helpful to lower the body temperature under direct sunshine. These findings for light and thermo controlling would offer a potential strategy to design bioinspired advanced materials for low‐energy, reflectance‐based applications.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Alternating Ring‐Opening Metathesis Copolymerization of Norborn‐2‐ene with Cyclic Olefins
Authors: Paradiso Veronica , Grisi Fabia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA Grubbs‐type olefin metathesis catalyst bearing a backbone‐substituted unsymmetrical N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand has been prepared from readily available reagents using a four‐step synthetic protocol. This catalyst was found able to promote the alternating ring‐opening metathesis copolymerization of norborn‐2‐ene (NBE) with cis‐cyclooctene (COE) or cyclopentene (CPE) with a high degree of chemoselectivity (98% and 95% of alternating diads, respectively) at low comonomers ratios.magnified image
Structural Origins of BaF2/Ba1 −xRxF2 +x/RF3 Nanocrystals Formation from Phase Separated Fluoroaluminosilicate Glass: A Molecular Dynamic Simulation Study
Authors: Zhao Junjie , Xu Xiuxia , Ren Kai , Luo Zhou , Qiao Xvsheng , Du Jincheng , Qiu Jianbei , Fan Xianping , Qian Guodong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFluoroaluminosilicate glass‐ceramics with M1 − x RxF2 + x (M2+: Sr2+, Ba2+, R3+: rare earth ions) crystals are novel host materials for luminescence applications. However, the preparation of such materials is still a trial‐error based approach due to the lack of detailed glass structure understanding. In this work, the authors study the phase separation and potential nanocrystal formation in a series of Ba2+ and La3+ containing fluoroaluminosilicate glasses by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Fluoride phase separation is observed from all simulated glass samples. With gradual LaF3 to BaF2 substitution, the cations enrichment changes from Ba2+, to Ba2+ and La3+, and finally La3+ in the fluoride‐rich regions. Besides, the competition between Al3+ and La3+ in fluoride phase and the consequently redistribution of Al3+ and Na+ into oxide phase are observed, which can change the local environment of luminescent centers, affecting luminescence. An experimental support to this phenomenon is given. Therefore, MD simulation with effective potentials can be a practical method to study the structural origins of nanocrystal from fluoride phase separation as well as to study the structure‐property relationship in fluoroaluminosilicate glass. The simulation driven glass structure and crystal phase exploration can thus become an effective method in designing glass‐ceramics for luminescence and other applications.
Influence of Linked Bridges on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Characteristic for DCBPy Emitter
Authors: Gao Ying , Yang Xiao‐Dong , Wu Shui‐Xing , Geng Yun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, four compounds (2–5) are designed based on reported DCBPy (1) to investigate the influence of linked bridges on thermally activated delayed fluorescence properties. The results indicate that 2–5 have stronger oscillator strength and higher fluorescence radiative rate (kr) after introducing linked bridges. But, the increased local‐excitation and decreased charge‐transfer natures in the lowest singlet and triplet excited states lead to larger singlet‐triplet energy splitting (ΔΕST) for 2–5 than 1. The potential reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) channels are speculated for 1–5 by considering the higher triplet excited state and spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) matrix element. It is concluded that the introduction of bridges noticeably enhances the SOC between singlet (Sn) and triplet (Tn) excited states. By analyzing the excited state energies and transition natures, 2 and 3 are expected to undergo a T3 to S1 RISC process, and 4 and 5 are expected to undergo a RISC more significantly via T2 to S1 because of the almost equal energy levels and strong SOC.