bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-Textual Interpretation as Postcolonial Strategy in Bible Translation in Asia
Authors: Lee Archie C. C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article intends to look at Bible translation as a site of contestation and negotiation. The chapter focuses on the complicated issues of naming God and the depiction of God’s opponents in missionary translations in East Asia in general and China in particular. Though translation is a process of interaction and exchanges between the Bible and the target languages, it may also reveal the translator’s imperialistic and colonial mindset. Some missionaries have regarded Asian religions and their textual traditions as dangerous and a threat to the religion of Christianity. In some of the missionary translations, Christian doctrinal disposition takes priority over a proclaimed fidelity to the biblical text. This chapter proposes a cross-textual approach to Bible translation that will affirm the hybridized identity of the colonized and provide a creative site for negotiation between the Asian text (Text A) and the biblical text (Text B).
Close-to-Practice Qualitative Research Methods
Authors: Yardley Sarah , Mattick Karen , Dornan Tim 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Expertise is inherently linked to the context in which experts work. Qualitative methods are used to provide answers to “how” and “why” questions and to disentangle the impact of different interactions occurring in complex and uncertain situations. Such approaches are critical in order to understand context and be open to unexpected findings, and to truly understand how expert judgment works in the real world. This chapter considers how and why qualitative methods make important and distinct contributions to understanding expertise development in professional work. The application of qualitative methodologies to the study of expertise provides researchers with tools to explore and explain contextualized and social practices. Close-to-practice qualitative methodologies are described, highlighting the different research questions these approaches can answer and explaining why the methodologies are well suited to exploring the messiness and complexity of expertise.
Expertise and Resilience
Authors: Havinga Jop , Bergström Johan , Dekker Sidney , Rae Andrew 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResilience engineering has changed the value of expertise from meeting required standards, to how it helps organizations to adapt. This chapter discusses the origin of the concept of resilience and how it has been applied to sociotechnical systems within the safety domain. From there we review the current literature to explore how to manage expertise, considering both its possible good and bad effects, to engineer resilience into organizations. For this, the chapter looks at how this applies separately to frontline workers, teams and management, and on a systems level. While expertise generally has a positive relation to resilience on all levels, how to two relate to each other does change. This affects how expertise is best managed at different levels of an organization.
Legal Evidence
Authors: Gardner Jane F. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Roman law is documented in greater detail than that of any ancient Greek state, principally through an enormous corpus of legal writings. The four most important are the so-called Twelve Tables, the Institutes of Gaius, the Codex of Justinian, and Justinian’s Digest. Legal writings can shed important light on slavery in Roman life, especially when combined with the evidence of inscriptions; but much of their content is anecdotal, sometimes hypothetical. Frequency of mention of a given situation in juristic writings does not necessarily correspond to its frequency in litigation, let alone in everyday life. Moreover, little in Roman law is directly or exclusively concerned with slaves—there is, arguably, no Roman law of slavery.
Queering Middle Class Gender in Nineteenth-Century US Theater
Authors: Rodger Gillian M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers cross-dressed roles in nineteenth-century music-theatrical forms in the United States, and particularly in non-narrative and semi-narrative forms such as minstrelsy, circus, variety, and burlesque. It discusses the origins of cross-dressed roles in English theatrical traditions, as well as connections to similar roles in European opera and operetta. It also considers other kinds of performances present in variety that challenged middle class gender construction of the period, and suggests that variety represented working class gender roles, and humor was found at the expense of hegemonic middle class ideals. This becomes particularly clear in the performances by male impersonators in variety of the 1860s–1880s. By the end of the century the middle class had expanded to include portions of the variety audience, and audiences no longer found the satirical treatment of middle class men funny. This, and growing mainstream recognition of homosexual populations, particularly in urban areas, caused the decline of cross-dressed performance.
Long-term Benefit of Unilateral Cochlear Implantation on Quality of Life and Speech Perception in Bilaterally Deafened Patients
Authors: Häußler Sophia M. , Knopke Steffen , Wiltner Philipp , Ketterer Manuel , Gräbel Stefan , Olze Heidi 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
Cochlear implantation (CI) is a common treatment modality for unilaterally and bilaterally deafened patients as well as patients with severe to profound hearing loss. The aim of our study is the complex evaluation of the improvement and influence of health related quality of life (HRQoL) and auditory performance in cochlear implant patients during a long-term follow-up.

Methods:
Sixty-one bilaterally, postlingually deafened patients with unilateral CI were included in this prospective study. Assessment tools for auditory performance and HRQoL included the Freiburg Monosyllabic Speech test, Oldenburg Inventory (OI) questionnaire, Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ) and 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Data were collected before CI, at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.

Results:
The assessment tools for speech perception yielded a statistically significant improvement in the Freiburg Monosyllabic Speech test scores and of all subdomain scores of the OI during the 6-month follow-up period. The subdomain scores of the NCIQ and the psychological score of the SF-36 also improved significantly during this follow-up period. All results remained stable thereafter during the 12- and 24-month follow-up. There was a statistically significant correlation between subjective speech perception and HRQoL after CI.

Conclusion:
This is the first prospective study to show results in regard to speech perception and HRQoL and their correlation during a 2-year follow-up after unilateral CI in bilaterally deafened patients. Our results for speech perception and HRQoL showed a significant improvement during the 6-month follow-up that remained stable thereafter during a 24-month follow-up, even after finishing the hearing rehabilitation program.
Preservation of Residual Hearing After Cochlear Implant Surgery With Deep Insertion Electrode Arrays
Authors: Sierra Cristina , Calderón Manuela , Bárcena Eduardo , Tisaire Alexandra , Raboso Eduardo 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
To evaluate the hearing preservation (HP) in cochlear implant (CI) recipients who did not fulfill the criteria for electric acoustic stimulation (EAS).

Study Design:
Prospective study

Setting:
Tertiary academic hospital.

Patients:
Adults undergoing CI with deep insertion electrode arrays who had measurable residual hearing (RH) before surgery.

Intervention:
Demographic data, surgical technique, pure-tone average, and radiological findings were evaluated.

Main Outcome Measure:
Pre- and postoperative pure-tone audiometry. A preservation study was therefore performed for the whole range of frequencies (THP), and for low frequencies (LFHP).

Results:
From the total 25 patients who underwent the surgical procedure, 6 of them (26.08%) did not retain any RH and 17 of them (73.91%) had some degree of HP. A clear association was observed between the use of the atraumatic technique (AT) and the percentage of some degree of HP. In patients who underwent the AT, LFHP was 72.79% and THP was 70.40%. In patients who did not undergo the technique, LFHP was 31.48% (p: 0.003) and THP was 23.50% (p: 0.002). LFHP was complete or partial (more than 25% of initial RH) in 92.3% of patients who underwent AT and in 50% of those who did not. Radiological findings showed that complete insertion is not associated with poorer HP.

Conclusion:
If the appropriate technique is used, preservation of RH is feasible after cochlear implant surgery with deep insertion electrode arrays.
Pediatric Bilateral Cochlear Implantation: Simultaneous Versus Sequential Surgery
Authors: Uecker Florian Cornelius , Szczepek Agnieszka , Olze Heidi 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
To compare outcomes of bilateral cochlear implantation between simultaneous and sequential surgeries.

Study Design:
Retrospective study of surgical outcome for 54 children who received bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) over a five-year period.

Setting:
Tertiary health care

Patients:
We analyze surgical outcomes for 54 children who received two CIs over a five-year period. Thirty-two of these children received these implants simultaneously and 22 of these children received their implants sequentially (76 CI operations and 108 CI).

Intervention:
One hundred and eight CIs; Group A—bilateral simultaneous CI; Group B— bilateral sequential CI.

Main Outcome Measures:
Measurement of body temperature; recording drug administration measurement of the total length of hospital stay, surgery time, and total operating room utilization; recording complications.

Results:
Simultaneous bilateral CI-implantation is associated with a significantly reduced cumulative surgical time and cumulative operating room time. It shortens the total in-patient stay for children in comparison to sequential implantations. There were no clinically significant, adverse consequences of simultaneous implant surgery. Further information include medical history including cochlear malformations as well as complications after the surgery, use of analgesic and antiemetic medication and length of hospital stay.

Conclusions:
Simultaneous bilateral surgery is a safe option of pediatric cochlear implantation.
The Obliteration of Noncritical Size Bone Defects With Bone Dust or Bone Replacement Material (Bioactive Glass S53P4)
Authors: Kluge Anne , Neudert Marcus , Kunert-Keil Christiane , Lailach Susen , Zahnert Thomas , Kemper Max 
Published: March 2019

Hypothesis:
Bone dust (BD) harvested during operation may be suitable as an autologous obliteration material for noncritical size defects. Bioactive glass (BA) can be an alternative.

Background:
To treat noncritical size defects, BD and BA are commonly used for obliteration techniques. However, the optimal harvesting method and parameters for BD have not been examined. In this study, we analyzed the osseoregenerative potential of both materials.

Methods:
Thirteen female merino sheep (7-yr old) underwent surgery on the frontal calvaria. Three defects were inserted. The first defect was considered a reference and remained unfilled, the second defect was filled with BD from the calvaria bone, and the third defect was filled with BA S53P4. The animals were sacrificed after 3 weeks. To evaluate bone regeneration, we used digital volume tomography, bone density measurement, fluorochrome sequence labeling, and histological analysis.

Results:
All analyses showed quantitative and qualitative bone regeneration 3 weeks after operation. The control blank defect showed significantly less new bone growth than the BD-filled defect. Moreover, bone regeneration occurred from the surrounding bone and showed only a defect bridge in the BD-filled defect. The BA completely filled the defect and had the highest density although the same amount of new mineralized bone generated as in the reference.

Conclusion:
BD and BA seemed to be suitable bone replacement materials for obliteration techniques because they completely filled the defects. Thus, BD harvested under standardized conditions provided a higher level of osteoreparation potential for the generation of woven bone and establishment of defect bridges.
Dedicated Breast Computed Tomography With a Photon-Counting Detector
Authors: Berger Nicole , Marcon Magda , Saltybaeva Natalia , Kalender Willi A. , Alkadhi Hatem , Frauenfelder Thomas , Boss Andreas 
Published: March 2019

Objectives
The purpose of this work is to present the data obtained from the first clinical in vivo application of a new dedicated spiral breast computed tomography (B-CT) equipped with a photon-counting detector.

Materials and Methods
The institutional review board approved this retrospective study. Twelve women referred for breast cancer screening were included and underwent bilateral spiral B-CT acquired in prone position. Additional sonography was performed in case of dense breast tissue or any B-CT findings. In 3 women, previous mammography was available for comparison. Soft tissue (ST) and high-resolution (HR) images were reconstructed. Two independent radiologists performed separately the readout for subjective image quality and for imaging findings detection. Objective image quality evaluation was performed in consensus and included spatial resolution, contrast resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio. All women were asked to report about positioning comfort and overall comfort during data acquisition.

Results
The major pectoral muscle was included in 15 breast CT scans (62.5%); glandular component was partially missing in 2 (8.3%) of the 24 scanned breasts. A thin “ring artifact” was present in all scans but had no influence on image interpretations; no other artifacts were present. Subjective image quality assessment showed excellent agreement between the 2 readers (κ = 1). Three masses were depicted in B-CT and were confirmed as simple cysts in sonography. Additional 5 simple cysts and 2 solid benign lesions were identified only in sonography. A total of 12 calcifications were depicted with a median size of 1.1 mm (interquartile range, 0.7–1.7 mm) on HR and 1.4 mm (interquartile range, 1.1–1.8 mm) on ST images. Median SNRgl, SNRfat, and contrast-to-noise ratio were significantly higher in ST than in HR reconstructions (each, P < 0.001). A mild discomfort due to positioning of the rib cage on the table was reported by 2 women (16.7%); otherwise, no discomfort was reported.

Conclusions
The new dedicated B-CT equipped with a photon-counting detector provides high-quality images with potential for screening of breast cancer along with minor patient discomfort.
Pulmonary Vascular Morphology Associated With Gas Exchange in Systemic Sclerosis Without Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Zhai Zhiwei , Staring Marius , Ninaber Maarten K. , Vries-Bouwstra Jeska K. de , Schouffoer Anne A. , Kroft Lucia J. , Stolk Jan , Stoel Berend C. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
Gas exchange in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is known to be affected by fibrotic changes in the pulmonary parenchyma. However, SSc patients without detectable fibrosis can still have impaired gas transfer. We aim to investigate whether pulmonary vascular changes could partly explain a reduction in gas transfer of SSc patients without fibrosis.

Materials and Methods:
We selected 77 patients whose visual computed tomography (CT) scoring showed no fibrosis. Pulmonary vessels were detected automatically in CT images, and their local radii were calculated. The frequency of occurrence for each radius was calculated, and, from this radius histogram, 2 imaging biomarkers (α and β) were extracted, wherein α reflects the relative contribution of small vessels compared with large vessels, and β represents the vessel tree capacity. Correlations between imaging biomarkers and gas transfer [single-breath diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for hemoglobin concentration (DLCOc) %predicted] were evaluated with Spearman correlation. Multivariable stepwise linear regression was performed with DLCOc %predicted as the dependent variable and age, BMI, sPAP, FEV1 %predicted, TLC %predicted, FVC %predicted, α, β, voxel size, and CT-derived lung volume as independent variables.

Results:
Both α and β were significantly correlated with gas transfer (R=−0.29, P-value=0.011 and R=0.32, P-value=0.004, respectively). The multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis selected sPAP [coefficient=−0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI)=−1.07, −0.49; P-value<0.001], β (coefficient=8.6; 95% CI=4.07, 13.1; P-value<0.001), and FEV1% predicted (coefficient=0.3; 95% CI=0.12, 0.48; P-value=0.001) as significant independent predictors of DLCOc %predicted (R=0.71, P-value<0.001).

Conclusions:
In SSc patients without detectable pulmonary fibrosis, impaired gas exchange is associated with alterations in pulmonary vascular morphology.
Ibuprofen-mediated potential inhibition of biofilm development and quorum sensing inPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Dai Lu , Wu Tian-qi , Wang Zhong-hui , Yuan Ruoyu , Ding Ye , Zhang Wen-chen , Chu Shao-peng , Ju Shao-qing , Yu Juan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosais one of the leading causes of opportunistic and hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The infection withP. aeruginosais frequently linked with clinical treatment difficulties given drug resistance and abuse of antibiotics. Ibuprofen, a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been previously reported to exert antimicrobial activity, although the specific mechanism of its action requires additional investigation. Given the regulation effects on quorum sensing (QS), we hypothesized that inhibition ofP. aeruginosawith ibuprofen is linked with the QS systems. First, we assessed the action of ibuprofen inP. aeruginosaby measuring CFU. The antimicrobial activity of ibuprofen was evaluated by crystal violent staining and acridine orange staining at various drug concentrations (0, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL). Moreover, the effect of ibuprofen on different QS virulence factors, such as pyocyanin, elastase, protease, and rhamnolipids, was assessed revealing a concentration-dependent decrease (P<0.05). The effect of ibuprofen was confirmed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C4-HSL production. In addition, qRT-PCR results identified significant suppression of Las and Rhl gene expression after 18 hours of treatment with ibuprofen (P<0.05), with the most significant suppression observed at the concentration of 75 μg/mL. Functional complementation with exogenous 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C4-HSL suggested that C4-HSL can recover the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation inP. aeruginosa.Molecular docking of ibuprofen with QS-associated proteins revealed high binding affinity. In summary, the results suggest that ibuprofen is a candidate drug for the treatment of clinical infections withP. aeruginosa.
Iron-sulfur cluster repair contributes to Y. pseudotuberculosis survival within deep tissues
Authors: Davis Kimberly M. , Krupp Joanna , Clark Stacie , Isberg Ralph R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo successfully colonize host tissues, bacteria must respond to and detoxify many different host-derived antimicrobial compounds, such as nitric oxide (NO). NO has direct antimicrobial activity through attack on iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-containing proteins. NO detoxification plays an important role in promoting bacterial survival, but it remains unclear if repair of Fe-S clusters is also important for bacterial survival within host tissues. Here we show that the Fe-S cluster repair protein, YtfE, contributes to the survival of Y. pseudotuberculosis within the spleen following nitrosative stress. Y. pseudotuberculosis forms clustered centers of replicating bacteria within deep tissues, where peripheral bacteria express the NO-detoxifying gene, hmp. ytfE expression also occurred specifically within peripheral cells at the edges of microcolonies. In the absence of ytfE, the area of microcolonies was significantly smaller than WT, consistent with ytfE contributing to the survival of peripheral cells. The loss of ytfE did not alter the ability of cells to detoxify NO, which occurred within peripheral cells in both WT and ΔytfE microcolonies. In the absence of NO-detoxifying activity by hmp, NO diffused across ΔytfE microcolonies, and there was a significant decrease in the area of microcolonies lacking ytfE, indicating that ytfE also contributes to bacterial survival in the absence of NO detoxification. These results indicate a role for Fe-S cluster repair in the survival of Y. pseudotuberculosis within the spleen, and suggest that extracellular bacteria may rely on this pathway for survival within host tissues.
Proton uptake mechanism in bacteriorhodopsin captured by serial synchrotron crystallography
Authors: Weinert Tobias , Skopintsev Petr , James Daniel , Dworkowski Florian , Panepucci Ezequiel , Kekilli Demet , Furrer Antonia , Brünle Steffen , Mous Sandra , Ozerov Dmitry , Nogly Przemyslaw , Wang Meitian , Standfuss Jörg 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConformational dynamics are essential for proteins to function. Here we describe how we adapted time-resolved serial crystallography developed at X-ray lasers to visualize protein motions using synchrotrons. We recorded the structural changes upon proton pumping in bacteriorhodopsin over 200 ms in time. The snapshot from the first 5 ms after photoactivation shows structural changes associated with proton release at comparable quality to previous X-ray laser experiments. From 10-15 ms onwards we observe large additional structural rearrangements up to 9 Å on the cytoplasmic side. Rotation of Leu93 and Phe219 opens a hydrophobic barrier leading to the formation of a water chain connecting the intracellular Asp96 with the retinal Schiff base. The formation of this proton wire recharges the membrane pump with a proton for the next cycle.
Age-related alterations in functional connectivity along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus and its subfields
Authors: Stark Shauna M. , Frithsen Amy , Stark Craig E.L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAging causes hippocampal circuit alterations that differentially affect hippocampal subfields and are associated with age-related memory decline. Additionally, functional organization along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus has revealed distinctions between anterior and posterior (A-P) connectivity. Here, we examined the functional connectivity (FC) differences between young and older adults at high-resolution within the medial temporal lobe network (entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices), allowing us to explore how hippocampal subfield connectivity across the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus changes with age. Overall, we found reliably greater connectivity for younger adults than older adults between the hippocampus and PHC and PRC. This drop in functional connectivity was more pronounced in the anterior regions of the hippocampus than the posterior ones, consistent for each of the hippocampal subfields. Further, intra-hippocampal connectivity also reflected an age-related decrease in functional connectivity within the anterior hippocampus in older adults that was offset by an increase in posterior hippocampal functional connectivity. Interestingly, the anterior-posterior shift in older adults between hippocampus and PHC was predictive of lure discrimination performance on the MST, suggesting that this shift may reflect a compensation mechanism that preserves memory performance. While age-related dysfunction within the hippocampal subfields has been well-documented, these results suggest that the age-related A-P shift in hippocampal connectivity may also contribute significantly to memory decline in older adults.