bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un acercamiento a la problemática de la protección de las expresiones culturales tradicionales mediante la propiedad intelectual: ¿qué protección jurídica hay para las banderas de los pueblos indígenas de Chile?
Authors: Pedeflous Patricia Denise 
Published: September 2019

La protección de los conocimientos tradicionales (CC.TT.) es un tema que ha ganado en interés durante los últimos decenios, no sólo por los aspectos económicos que dependen de la misma sino también porque las reivindicaciones en torno al reconocimiento de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas han cobrado mayor visibilidad.
En el presente artículo nos interesamos en la relación particular entre conocimientos tradicionales y propiedad intelectual (PI). Nos enfocamos en un elemento singular, la bandera de los pueblos indígenas.
En Chile, el amparo de los CC.TT. es residual y si bien el actual proyecto de ley sobre PI contiene disposiciones interesantes, pensamos que se debe explorar la posibilidad de la creación, dentro de la plataforma del INAPI, de una base de datos dedicada a las Expresiones Culturales Tradicionales (ECT).
Dicho eso, lo que se busca en este trabajo es sugerir pistas de reflexiones. No se pretende proponer soluciones ya que ellas sólo se podrán obtener trabajando en conjunto con los pueblos indígenas, dentro de un proceso político y jurídico más amplio de reconocimiento, reafirmación y valoración de los derechos y de la cultura indígena.
Nickel-Copper Sulfide Mineralization in the Ntaka Hill Ultramafic Complex, Nachingwea Region, Tanzania
Authors: Barnes Stephen J. , Mole David R. , Hornsey Richard , Schoneveld Louise E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Ntaka Hill Ni-Cu deposit in Tanzania lies within the Mozambique belt, a complex, long-lived Neoproterozoic suture zone that formed during the amalgamation of Gondwana. The deposit is hosted within the moderately deformed Ntaka Ultramafic Complex, which was emplaced at ~660 Ma, around 20 m.y. before the East African orogeny. Due to strain partitioning into amphibolites and metapyroxenites at the margins of the sills, magmatic cumulate textures are very well preserved. The Ntaka Hill mineralization is predominantly disseminated sulfides within orthopyroxenites and harzburgites. Sulfides show typical magmatic mineralogy and occur as isolated blebs and interstitial networks as well as in soft-walled segregation veins that form localized shoot-like high-grade zones. Deformation had relatively little effect on the deposition of sulfides other than minor localization of strain within some preexisting sulfide-dominant veins. Grade shells define elongate tubular channels that coincide broadly with the more magnesian cumulate rocks. Base and precious metal tenors are widely variable, ranging from 1 to 17% Ni and 0.5 to 10% Cu with no particular correlation with host-rock type, although the tenor range in the more magnesian cumulates is more restricted, with the low-tenor component (<3% Ni, <1% Cu) missing. Olivine compositions vary widely, with forsterite contents ranging from Fo84 to Fo89 with up to 0.85% NiO. These unusually high Ni contents are attributed to equilibration with high-Ni-tenor sulfides percolating through the intercumulus pore space. Complex zoning patterns in the Cr content of orthopyroxenes record fluctuating crystallization conditions attributed to wall-rock assimilation. The intrusion emplacement setting is interpreted to be derived from a flow of xenolith-, crystal-, and sulfideladen magma through channelized sills where much of the sulfide was incompletely equilibrated with the host magma, resulting in highly variable R-factors. Despite the widespread presence of graphite in the marginal pyroxenites, olivine-sulfide Fe/Ni partitioning records typical redox conditions that are slightly more oxidized than quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM)—further evidence of a lack of extensive large-scale equilibrium within the intrusive complex. The Ntaka Ultramafic Complex preserves an arrested stage of the amalgamation of small sulfide-bearing sill-sediment complex intrusions into larger convecting magma chambers, forming one end of a process continuum including Kevitsa (Finland) as an intermediate stage and Mirabela (Brazil) as the layered intrusion end member.
On the Integration of the matrix modified Korteweg-de Vries equation with a self-consistent source
Authors: Urazboev G. U. , Babadjanova A. K. 
Published: September 2019

In this work we deduce laws of the evolution of the scattering data for the matrix Zakharov Shabat system with the potential that is the solution of the matrix modied KdV equation with a self consistent source.
Use of Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) Staining to Separate Sarcomatoid Malignant Mesotheliomas From Benign Mesothelial Reactions
Authors: Derakhshan Fatemeh , Ionescu Diana , Cheung Simon , Churg Andrew 
Published: September 2019

Context.—
The separation of benign from malignant mesothelial proliferations is a difficult morphologic problem. Some mesotheliomas stain for programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1).

Objective.—
To determine whether PD-L1 staining can separate mesotheliomas from reactive mesothelial proliferations (RMPs).

Design.—
We stained 2 tissue microarrays containing in toto 62 malignant mesotheliomas and 88 RMPs, using anti-PD-L1 antibody 22C3. Staining was graded by using an immunoreactive score encompassing intensity/distribution and was divided into negative, weak, moderate, and strong. Because PD-L1 staining can be heterogeneous, we also stained 10 whole sections of sarcomatoid/desmoplastic mesotheliomas (SMMs) and 10 whole sections of spindled RMPs in the form of organizing pleuritis, the major morphologic differential of SMM. These 20 cases were not on the tissue microarrays.

Results.—
RMPs showed generally negative, or occasionally weak staining in either the epithelioid or spindle cell compartments, whereas moderate to strong staining was seen in 10 of 14 SMMs but only in 6 of 48 epithelioid mesotheliomas (EMMs). The difference between SMM and RMP staining was statistically significant (P &lt; .001), but between EMM and RMP was not significant. Whole section cases of organizing pleuritis showed no staining (N = 8) or weak staining (N = 2), whereas moderate/strong staining was seen in 9 of 10 whole sections of SMMs, a statistically significant difference (P = .02). There were no “hot spots” of RMP staining, suggesting that heterogeneous staining of RMPs is not a confounder.

Conclusions.—
Strong diffuse PD-L1 staining using antibody 22C3 supports a diagnosis of SMM when the differential diagnosis is RMPs, but PD-L1 staining is not useful for separating EMMs from RMPs.
Analysis of Quaternary Sediments of Quartz Grains Applied to the Identification of the Environment of Some Ivory Beaches East of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Ernest Konan Konan , Kouadio Gbangbot Jean-Michel , Eric Diangone , Valérie Wognin Ama , Jan Nyssen 
Published: September 2019

Morphoscopic and exoscopic analysis of quartz grains collected on the Ivorian beaches of the gulf of Guinea between Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and Aforenou (Ghana) during topographic surveys between March 2007 and March 2009 on the examination of quartz at the binocular loupe, reveals blunting grains shining on all beaches (50% to 70%).
In Abidjan area, the majority of the grains are reddish, indicates a ferrous and inherited environment. The exoscopy for the fine and detailed study of the morphology and the surface of the quartz grains was made with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). This approach makes it possible to interpret traces related to events (energy level) or environments (transport, transition and storage environments).
These observations indicate that the quartz after a long transport in a fluvial environment have been reworked in a marine environment. They were finally deposited in a low-energy aquatic continental medium marked by the polishing of the crystalline points and the siliceous corpuscles dotting the surface of the grains.
The energy of the transport environments crossed is high in a turbulent environment through traces of shock, as large and numerous as they are. SEM examination of the samples reveals that beach quartz has generally been transported by river and recovered in an intertidal and/or subtidal environment. They have a continental and marine origin.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Dyspeptic Symptoms in Damaturu Metropolitan
Authors: Gide S. , Ibrahim Y. , Anas G. , Alegbe S. D. 
Published: September 2019

Aim: To study the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) contamination among dyspeptic patients in Damaturu and report on the relationship between H. pylori predominance and different age groups in the population under study.
Methods: A sum of 229 volunteers with dyspeptic symptoms (140 females and 89 males; mean period of 43.6 ± 14.2 years) took an interest in the investigation. The status of infection caused by H. pylori was determined using serological test. Information was gathered by the utilization of self-managed survey while status of H. pylori was resolved dependent on the serological examination (fast symptomatic test). The one Step H. Pylori serum whole blood rapid test kit was used to detect the presence of IgG antibodies specific to H. pylori infections in the participants.
Results: The prevalence of H. pylori disease was 51.96%. There was no noteworthy factual relationship between age and contamination rate at p-value (0.1515). In young subjects (under 11 years of age), the H. pylori contamination rate was moderately higher (50.00%). The most extreme number of the positive patients was found in the age range of 50-59 years (69.23%) and the base prevalence was in the age range of 10-19 years (50.00%).
The overall prevalence of H. pylori contamination between the gender is out of 89 males, 55 were found to be positive to the infection (61.79%), while out of 140 females, 64 were also positive (45.71%). Despite these findings, there was no critical factual relationship between the genders and H. pylori infection (p=0.113). The statistical qualities of members at the examination section demonstrate that out of 129 patients having a place with the upper lower class, 85 subjects (66.40%) were found to be positive to H. pylori. The lower-middle-class demonstrates that out of 89 subjects 30 were positive (33.70%), while upper-middle outcome demonstrates that out of 12 subjects 4 were confirmed with 33.33%. This demonstrates that subjects living under overcrowded conditions with dense population have a high contamination rate of H. pylori and therefore is a noteworthy factual relationship between socio-statistic factors and overall prevalence of H. Pylori infection (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: We came to realize the overall prevalence of H. pylori contamination in patients with dyspeptic symptoms in Damaturu. The H. pylori contamination might be a hazard factor for peptic ulcer and more grounded gastritis.
Who is more violent in extremist groups? A comparison of leaders and followers
Authors: Jasko Katarzyna , LaFree Gary 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFew prior studies have examined the extent to which the behavior and characteristics of political extremists are related to their position within radical groups. In this paper we concentrate on one of the most fundamental distinctions in groups: That between leaders and followers. Our main goal is to investigate the comparative propensity of leaders and followers to engage in political violence. In a sample of individuals who have committed ideologically motivated political crimes in the United States (N = 1,331). we found that even though leaders were more ideologically committed to the group's goals and ideologies, they were at the same time less likely to engage in violent acts. Moreover, we found that leaders in radical criminal organizations shared many characteristics with leaders in noncriminal organizations. Specifically, in comparison to followers, they were more often male, older, and they were more likely to belong to an ethnic majority. We consider implications for future research and policy of the fundamental conclusion that compared to leaders, followers in terrorist organizations are more likely to engage in violent acts.
Evaluation of fixed‐jaw IMRT and tangential partial‐VMAT radiotherapy plans for synchronous bilateral breast cancer irradiation based on a dosimetric study
Authors: Huang Jiang‐Hua , Wu Xiu‐Xiu , Lin Xiao , Shi Jun‐Tian , Ma Yu‐Jia , Duan Song , Huang Xiao‐Bo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the fixed‐jaw intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (F‐IMRT) and tangential partial volumetric modulated arc therapy (tP‐VMAT) treatment plans for synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC).Materials and methodTwelve SBBC patients with pTis‐2N0M0 stages who underwent whole‐breast irradiation after breast‐conserving surgery were planned with F‐IMRT and tP‐VMAT techniques prescribing 42.56 Gy (2.66 Gy*16f) to the breast. The F‐IMRT used 8‐12 jaw‐fixed tangential fields with single (sF‐IMRT) or two (F‐IMRT) isocenters located under the sternum or in the center of the left and right planning target volumes (PTVs), and tP‐VMAT used 4 tangential partial arcs with two isocenters located in the center of the left and right PTVs. Plan evaluation was based on dose‐volume histogram (DVH) analysis. Dosimetric parameters were calculated to evaluate plan quality; total monitor units (MUs), and the gamma analysis for patient‐specific quality assurance (QA) were also evaluated.ResultsFor PTVs, the three plans had similar Dmean and conformity index (CI) values. F‐IMRT showed a slightly better target coverage according to the V100% values and demonstrated an obvious reduction in V105% and Dmax compared with the values observed for sF‐IMRT and tP‐VMAT. Compared with tP‐VMAT, sF‐IMRT was slightly better in terms of V100%, V105% and Dmax. In addition, F‐IMRT achieved the best homogeneity index (HI) values for PTVs. Concerning healthy tissue, tP‐VMAT had an advantage in minimizing the high dose volume. The MUs of the tP‐VMAT plan were decreased approximately 1.45 and 1 times compared with the sF‐IMRT and F‐IMRT plans, respectively, and all plans passed QA. For the lungs, heart and liver, F‐IMRT achieved the smallest values in terms of Dmean and showed a significant difference compared with tP‐VMAT. Simultaneously, sF‐IMRT was also superior to tP‐VMAT. For the coronary artery, tP‐VMAT achieved the lowest Dmean, while the value for F‐IMRT was 2.24% lower compared with sF‐IMRT. For all organs at risk (OARs), tP‐VMAT was superior at the high dose level. In contrast, sF‐IMRT and F‐IMRT were obviously superior at the low dose level. The sF‐IMRT and F‐IMRT plans showed consistent trends.ConclusionAll treatment plans for the provided techniques were of high quality and feasible for SBBC patients. However, we recommend F‐IMRT with a single isocenter as a priority technique because of the tremendous advantage of local hot spot control in PTVs and the reduced dose to OARs at low dose levels. When the irradiated dose to the lungs and heart exceed the clinical restriction, two isocenter F‐IMRT can be used to maximize OAR sparing. Additionally, tP‐VMAT can be adopted for improving cold spots in PTVs or high‐dose exposure to normal tissue when the interval between PTVs is narrow.
Supplementing Claims Data with Electronic Medical Records to Improve Estimation and Classification of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Feldman Candace H. , Yoshida Kazuki , Xu Chang , Frits Michelle L. , Shadick Nancy A. , Weinblatt Michael E. , Connolly Sean E. , Alemao Evo , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivePrevious attempts to estimate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity using claims data only did not yield high performance. We aimed to assess whether supplementing claims data with readily available electronic medical record (EMR) data might result in improvement.MethodsWe used a subset of the Brigham and Women's Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study (BRASS) that had linked Medicare claims. The disease activity score in 28 joints with C‐reactive protein (DAS28‐CRP) was considered the gold standard of measure. Variables in the linked Medicare claims, as well asEMRrecorded in the preceding one‐year period were used as potential explanatory variables. We constructed three models: “Claims‐Only,” “Claims + Medications,” and “Claims + Medications + Labs (laboratory data fromEMR). We selected variables via adaptiveLASSO. Model performance was measured with adjusted R2 for continuousDAS28‐CRPand C‐statistics for binary category classification (high/moderate vs low disease activity/remission).ResultsWe identified 300 patients with laboratory data and linked Medicare claims. The mean age was 68 years and 80% were female. The mean (SD)DAS28‐CRPwas 3.6 (1.6) and 51% had high or moderateDAS28‐CRP. For the continuous estimation, the adjusted R2 was 0.02 for Claims‐Only, 0.09 for Claims + Medications, and 0.18 for Claims + Medications + Labs. The C‐statistics for discriminating the binary categories were 0.61 for Claims‐Only, 0.68 for Claims + Medications, and 0.76 for Claims + Medications + Labs.ConclusionAddingEMR‐derived variables to claims‐derived variables resulted in modest improvement. Even withEMRvariables, we were unable to estimate continuousDAS28‐CRPsatisfactorily. However, in claims‐EMRmodels, we were able to discriminate between binary categories of disease activity with reasonable accuracy.
Tilting‐Sensitive Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting from Unstable/Fluctuating Surfaces
Authors: Zhong Wei , Xu Liang , Wang Haiming , An Jie , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe invention of triboelectric nanogenerators provides an opportunity to utilize previously wasted mechanical energy. The sway energy of ships that affects navigation and comfort on board has been considered negative in the past. Here, a tilting‐sensitive triboelectric nanogenerator (TS‐TENG) that can effectively harvest energy from unstable/fluctuating surfaces is demonstrated by using the sway energy of ships. The device adopts integrated blade structures on sliders, which make it sensitive to tilts and guarantee its power output. The response of the device to tilt agitations of different slopes and frequencies is systematically investigated. Rotational symmetry configuration is used to improve the motion stability of the device by excluding extra torque on the sliders. The peak power density and average power density of the TS‐TENG can reach 1.41 and 0.1 W m−3, respectively, in low‐frequency and low‐amplitude fluctuating conditions. By the excellent performance of harvesting energy from unstable/fluctuating surfaces, the TS‐TENG is considered promising for powering various distributed sensor devices on the ship for smart ships.
Metal−Organic Decomposition Ink for Printed Electronics
Authors: Choi Yejung , Seong Kwang‐dong , Piao Yuanzhe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrinted electronics is a rapidly expanding research field because of its incomparable economic efficiency. While various types of inks are employed in the printing of electronics, metal–organic decomposition (MOD) ink is an interesting type of ink worth paying attention to. MOD ink consists of metals in their ionic state and the advantages include simple preparation, long shelf life, high jetting stability, and low temperature processing. Additionally, the ease of large‐scale fabrication through industrial scale printing processes makes MOD ink ideal for printed electronics. To improve the conductivity, morphology, and variety of the conductive substance resulting from MOD ink, recent research has focused on the variation of the ink composition, printing techniques, and sintering methods. Here, the conventional methods of preparation and processing of MOD ink are introduced, followed by discussion of various research efforts to date. Furthermore, applications and their examples including but not limited to conventional conductive patterning are presented.
Multistimuli Responsive Liquid‐Release in Dynamic Polymer Coatings for Controlling Surface Slipperiness and Optical Performance
Authors: Zhao Huaixia , Prieto‐López Lizbeth Ofelia , Zhou Xiaozhuang , Deng Xu , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractControllable stabilization of liquids on interfaces is emerging as a novel method to mediate surface properties. Here, the fast, stimuli‐responsive liquid release from dynamic polymer coatings is described to mediate surface slipperiness and optical performance. These polymer coatings consist of a slippery liquid‐locked rough surface and a liquid‐supplied bottom layer storing the liquid in embedded droplets. They are prepared by a simple one‐pot casting of a solution of cross‐linkable polymer and silicone oil in tetrahydrofuran. It is demonstrated that upon mechano‐, solvent‐, or thermo‐stimulation, the liquid stored in the bottom layer is released altering both surface slipperiness and optical properties of the coatings.
Treatment of Glioblastoma Using Multicomponent Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Turan Oguz , Bielecki Peter A. , Perera Vindya , Lorkowski Morgan , Covarrubias Gil , Tong Kathleen , Yun Aaron , Loutrianakis Georgia , Raghunathan Shruti , Park Youngjun , Moon Taylor , Cooley Shane , Dixit Deobrat , Griswold Mark A. , Ghaghada Ketan B. , Peiris Pubudu M. , Rich Jeremy N. , Karathanasis Efstathios 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains highly lethal. This partially stems from the presence of brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), a highly plastic cellular subpopulation that is resistant to current therapies. In addition to resistance, the blood–brain barrier limits the penetration of most drugs into GBMs. To effectively deliver a BTIC‐specific inhibitor to brain tumors, a multicomponent nanoparticle, termed Fe@MSN, which contains a mesoporous silica shell and an iron oxide core, is developed. Fibronectin‐targeting ligands direct the nanoparticle to the near‐perivascular areas of GBM. After Fe@MSN particles are deposited in the tumor, an external low‐power radiofrequency (RF) field triggers rapid drug release due to mechanical tumbling of the particle resulting in penetration of high amounts of drug across the blood–brain tumor interface and widespread drug delivery into the GBM. The nanoparticle is loaded with the drug 1400W, which is a potent inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). It is shown that iNOS is preferentially expressed in BTICs and is required for their maintenance. Using the 1400W‐loaded Fe@MSN and RF‐triggered release, in vivo studies indicate that the treatment disrupts the BTIC population in hypoxic niches, suppresses tumor growth and significantly increases survival in BTIC‐derived GBM xenografts.
Gene Delivery to Nonhuman Primate Preimplantation Embryos Using Recombinant Adeno‐Associated Virus
Authors: Wang Dan , Niu Yuyu , Ren Lingzhi , Kang Yu , Tai Phillip W. L. , Si Chenyang , Mendonca Craig A. , Ma Hong , Gao Guangping , Ji Weizhi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDelivery of genome editing tools to mammalian zygotes has revolutionized animal modeling. However, the mechanical delivery method to introduce genes and proteins to zygotes remains a challenge for some animal species that are important in biomedical research. Here, an approach to achieve gene delivery and genome editing in nonhuman primate embryos is presented by infecting zygotes with recombinant adeno‐associated viruses (rAAVs). Together with previous reports from the authors of this paper and others, this approach is potentially applicable to a broad range of mammals. In addition to genome editing and animal modeling, this rAAV‐based method can facilitate gene function studies in early‐stage embryos.