bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiwavelength Investigation of Pulsar Wind Nebula DA 495 with HAWC, VERITAS, and NuSTAR
Authors: Coerver A. , Wilcox P. , Zhang H. , Dingus B. L. , Gotthelf E. V. , Hailey C. J. , Humensky T. B. , Kaaret P. , Li H. , Mori K. , Mukherjee R. , Park N. , Zhou H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Pulsar wind nebula DA 495 (G65.7+1.2) was detected in TeV gamma-rays by the High Altitude Water Cerenkov Observatory in 2017 (2HWC J1953+294). Follow-up observations by the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System confirmed the association between 2HWC J1953+294 and DA 495 and found the TeV emission to be spatially coincident with the radio emission first reported in 1968. The detection of TeV gamma-rays from DA 495, along with past X-ray detection up to 10 keV, prompted high-energy X-ray observations as part of the NuSTAR Galactic Legacy Survey. We present the results of these NuSTAR observations, combined with archival Chandra and XMM-Newton observations, and confirm the previous X-ray photon index of

Γ

2
–
20

keV

=
2.0
±
0.1

. We find no spectral cutoff up to 20 keV. With the spectral information for DA 495 extended to TeV gamma-rays, we were able to perform analytical modeling to test leptonic and hadronic emission scenarios. The leptonic models can explain the broadband emission, but also imply a diffuse X-ray nebula of similar extent to the radio and TeV nebulae, which cannot be confirmed by our observations. The hadronic models can simultaneously explain the spectrum and the spatial extent in all wavelengths; however, we need a very high magnetic field strength pervading the radio and TeV nebulae and a surprisingly high particle kinetic energy. These requirements deepen the mystery of the physical nature of DA 495. Future observations in radio to infrared bands and spatially resolved γ-rays can further constrain the physical conditions and radiation mechanisms in DA 495.
Le CNP et le socle commun : genèse des idées directrices pour les programmes de collège (mars 1993-décembre 1994)
Authors: Clément Pierre 
Published: June 2019

À partir du dépouillement des archives du Conseil national des programmes (CNP), cet article revient sur la genèse des Idées directrices pour les programmes de collège . Publié par le CNP en décembre 1994, ce texte resté assez largement méconnu contient pourtant la première formulation du socle commun de connaissances et de compétences, une réforme décisive dans l’histoire récente des politiques scolaires en France. S’inscrivant dans une perspective de socio-histoire des politiques publiques, cet article analyse la genèse de ce texte en trois temps. Il revient tout d’abord sur la position du CNP dans les rapports de forces internes au champ bureaucratique. Il montre ensuite comment, dans ce contexte, le CNP s’est autosaisi de la question du socle pour se réinstaller au cœur du processus de réflexion sur les programmes scolaires. Il étudie enfin comment ce processus a conduit à donner corps aux Idées directrices .
L’envers des équipes de suivi de scolarisation : un indicateur de la qualité des relations interprofessionnelles ?
Authors: Laville Matthieu 
Published: June 2019

Prévues par la loi du 11 février 2005, les Équipes de suivi de scolarisation (ESS) veillent à l’organisation des parcours scolaires des élèves handicapés. Elles sont coordonnées par un Enseignant référent (ER), chargé d’inviter toutes les personnes concourant à la mise en œuvre de ces parcours. La sociologie des réseaux sociaux permet d’appréhender l’ESS à l’aune de la notion de « cercle » (Simmel, 1981) : d’un point de vue juridique, elle possède un nom, une mission spécifique et des « ressources de médiation » (Grossetti, 2006). À partir d’une ethnographie, complétée par des entretiens semi-directifs et par un questionnaire national adressé aux ER, nous analysons le déroulement concret de ces équipes. En nous focalisant sur des ESS conflictuelles, nous discutons les caractéristiques de ce « cercle ». Ceci nous permet de l’appréhender comme une réplique miniature des relations entre les mondes du soin et de l’éducation, socio-historiquement construites sur un mode concurrentiel (Mazereau, 2002).
Utilisation du numérique à l’école élémentaire : profils d’utilisation et analyse des compétences
Authors: Duguet Amélie , Giret Jean-François , Morlaix Sophie 
Published: June 2019

Cette recherche porte sur les pratiques du numérique des élèves de CM1 et CM2 dans un cadre scolaire et extra-scolaire. À partir d’une enquête empirique menée auprès de 1400 élèves et de leurs enseignants, nous nous interrogeons sur les conditions d’acquisition des compétences numériques. Trois de ces compétences ont été identifiées : les compétences techniques, les compétences liées à la conceptualisation d’Internet et les compétences éthiques. Les résultats soulignent que les pratiques des outils numériques dans un cadre extrascolaire ont assez peu d’effet sur les compétences acquises, à l’exception des compétences éthiques. Dans le cadre scolaire, les caractéristiques des enseignants et les ressources de la classe semblent avoir beaucoup plus d’effet sur les compétences techniques.
Exploitative Abuse and Abuse of Economic Dependence: What Can We Learn From an Industrial Organization Approach?
Authors: Bougette Patrice , Budzinski Oliver , Marty Frédéric 
Published: June 2019

Cet article analyse les concepts d’abus d’exploitation et de dépendance économique, non seulement sous le prisme de la jurisprudence concurrentielle européenne mais également sous celui de l’économie industrielle. Bien que les racines théoriques de ces concepts reposent sur la théorie économique, ils ont été ignorés ou peu pris en compte dans le contexte de l’application du droit de la concurrence. Une approche fondée sur les effets ( effects-based ) devrait tenir compte de ces pratiques et pourrait fournir des indications sur la façon d’analyser leurs impacts. Nous nous appuyons sur deux exemples tirés des industries agro-alimentaires et de l’économie numérique. Le présent article souligne l’existence d’un paradoxe : bien que les modèles d’organisation industrielle fournissent des outils pertinents pour caractériser ces abus, évaluer leurs effets et concevoir des mesures correctives, ils demeurent peu utilisés dans la pratique décisionnelle. Classification JEL: K21, L12, L40, L42
Leadership profiles of successful project managers in Indonesia
Authors: Hartono Budi , Sulistyo Sinta , Umam Miftachul 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: This study examines the possible relationship between leadership competency and project performance within an Indonesia project-based organization setting. Four mediating variables are considered in the analysis: industry type, project complexity, project strategic value, and contract type.Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional quantitative survey was administered to empirically evaluate the theoretical model. The targeted population was projected in Indonesia, and a snowball sampling method was utilized. Out of 183 respondents, 81 responded to the invitation, which accounts for a 44.2% response rate.Findings: It was found that the leadership profiles of more and less successful project managers differ, which suggests a positive association between competency and performance. More importantly, the evidence suggests that both industry type and complexity moderate the relationship. The different patterns of leadership profiles for successful managers in three types of industries—const ruction, information and communication technology (ICT), and consultancy—and under different project complexity levels were observed. No substantial evidence was observed for the moderating effects of “project strategic value” and “contract type.” It was also found that across contexts, three attributes of leadership differently influence performance in the following order of importance: IQ, MQ, and EQ. Generally, the results agree with the findings of past similar studies in different countries. However, some variations were found at a more detailed level, which may be due to cultural differences.Research limitations/implications: The study further extends the existing body of knowledge on project leadership, as it provides a new understanding on leadership profile and its efficacy within different contexts of project-based organizations in Indonesia—a case of a developing countryPractical implications: It exposes project practitioners to different leadership profiles that lead to successful and unsuccessful projects within different settings.Originality/value: This study provides an original work (theoretical and empirical) on a leadership area of project management within a specific context of a developing country.
Last mile logistics in mega-cities for perishable fruits
Authors: Orjuela-Castro Javier Arturo , Orejuela-Cabrera Juan Pablo , Adarme-Jaimes Wilson 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: A common problem in mega cities is congestion, due to the size of the automotive park, this makes that the perishable foods decreasing their organoleptic characteristics or increases their losses, which requires considering the effect of time on routing problems. The state of the art demonstrates the need to formulate new routing models that include the specific characteristics of perishable foods in order to reduce their losses.Design/methodology/approach: A mathematical model was formulated based on two classical models: the three-index vehicle flow model proposed by (Golden, Assad, Levy & Gheysens, 1984) and the time window model proposed by (Cordeau, Desaulniers, Desrosiers, Solomon & Soumis, 1999). We proposed a novel VRP Model that permits reductions loss due to the perishable.Findings: The optimum cost is found with AMP® for twenty nodes, six vehicles and six fruits. For more nodes, a two-phase strategy is proposed, first a clustering based on a modified p-median model and then a VRP for each cluster.Research limitations/implications: The results showed the need to investigate multi-objective models, since the performance measures can be efficiency, quality and response capacity; the model can be applied in other supply chains of perishable foods.Social implications: According to FAO in Logistics practices in the last mile generate between 10-30% of the perishable food loss in developing countries’ mega-cities.Originality/value: A last-mile logistics strategy is proposed to manage delivery routes for fresh fruits in mega-cities, considering the effect of congestion through travel time in the perishability function. The new model it uses the flow variable to control the amount of each fruit arriving to each node and the time variable to define fruit waste or loss depending on the time and type of fruit.
Critical Roles for Coiled-Coil Dimers of Butyrophilin 3A1 in the Sensing of Prenyl Pyrophosphates by Human Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells
Authors: Wang Hong , Nada Mohanad H. , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Sakuraba Shun , Morita Craig T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVγ2Vδ2 T cells play important roles in human immunity to pathogens and tumors. Their TCRs respond to the sensing of isoprenoid metabolites, such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate, by butyrophilin (BTN) 3A1. BTN3A1 is an Ig superfamily protein with extracellular IgV/IgC domains and intracellular B30.2 domains that bind prenyl pyrophosphates. We have proposed that intracellular α helices form a coiled-coil dimer that functions as a spacer for the B30.2 domains. To test this, five pairs of anchor residues were mutated to glycine to destabilize the coiled-coil dimer. Despite maintaining surface expression, BTN3A1 mutagenesis either abrogated or decreased stimulation by (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate. BTN3A2 and BTN3A3 proteins and orthologs in alpacas and dolphins are also predicted to have similar coiled-coil dimers. A second short coiled-coil region dimerizes the B30.2 domains. Molecular dynamics simulations predict that mutation of a conserved tryptophan residue in this region will destabilize the dimer, explaining the loss of stimulation by BTN3A1 proteins with this mutation. The juxtamembrane regions of other BTN/BTN-like proteins with B30.2 domains are similarly predicted to assume α helices, with many predicted to form coiled-coil dimers. An exon at the end of this region and the exon encoding the dimerization region for B30.2 domains are highly conserved. We propose that coiled-coil dimers function as rod-like helical molecular spacers to position B30.2 domains, as interaction sites for other proteins, and as dimerization regions to allow sensing by B30.2 domains. In these ways, the coiled-coil domains of BTN3A1 play critical roles for its function.
Early T-BET Expression Ensures an Appropriate CD8+ Lineage–Specific Transcriptional Landscape after Influenza A Virus Infection
Authors: Prier Julia E. , Li Jasmine , Gearing Linden J. , Olshansky Moshe , Sng Xavier Y. X. , Hertzog Paul J. , Turner Stephen J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Virus infection triggers large-scale changes in the phenotype and function of naive CD8+ T cells, resulting in the generation of effector and memory T cells that are then critical for immune clearance. The T-BOX family of transcription factors (TFs) are known to play a key role in T cell differentiation, with mice deficient for the TF T-BET (encoded by Tbx21) unable to generate optimal virus-specific effector responses. Although the importance of T-BET in directing optimal virus-specific T cell responses is accepted, the precise timing and molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. Using a mouse model of influenza A virus infection, we demonstrate that although T-BET is not required for early CD8+ T cell activation and cellular division, it is essential for early acquisition of virus-specific CD8+ T cell function and sustained differentiation and expansion. Whole transcriptome analysis at this early time point showed that Tbx21 deficiency resulted in global dysregulation in early programming events with inappropriate lineage-specific signatures apparent with alterations in the potential TF binding landscape. Assessment of histone posttranslational modifications within the Ifng locus demonstrated that Tbx21−/− CD8+ T cells were unable to activate “poised” enhancer elements compared with wild-type CD8+ T cells, correlating with diminished Ifng transcription. In all, these data support a model whereby T-BET serves to promote appropriate chromatin remodeling at specific gene loci that underpins appropriate CD8+ T cell lineage–specific commitment and differentiation.
Contrasting rainfall-runoff characteristics of floods in desert and Mediterranean basins
Authors: Zoccatelli Davide , Marra Francesco , Armon Moshe , Rinat Yair , Smith James A. , Morin Efrat 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Catchment-scale hydrological studies on drylands are lacking because of the
scarcity of consistent data: observations are often available at the plot
scale, but their relevance for the catchment scale remains unclear. A
database of 24 years of stream gauge discharge and homogeneous
high-resolution radar data over the eastern Mediterranean allows us to describe the properties of floods over catchments spanning from desert to
Mediterranean climates, and we note that the data set is mostly of moderate
intensity floods. Comparing two climatic regions, desert and Mediterranean,
we can better identify specific rainfall-runoff properties. Despite the large differences in rainfall forcing between the two regions, the resulting unit
peak discharges and runoff coefficients are comparable. Rain depth and
antecedent conditions are the most important properties to shape flood
response in Mediterranean areas. In deserts, instead, storm core properties
display a strong correlation with unit peak discharge and, to a lesser extent,
with runoff coefficient. In this region, an inverse correlation with mean
catchment annual precipitation suggests also a strong influence of local
surface properties. Preliminary analyses suggest that floods in catchments
with wet headwater and dry lower section are more similar to desert
catchments, with a strong influence of storm core properties on runoff
generation.
School Nurses: An Indispensable Resource for Health Promotion in Ontario's Children and Adolescents
Authors: Mroczkowska Dagmara 
Published: June 2019

School nurses play an important role in the promotion of physical, mental, and social health, as well as the prevention of disease and injury in school-aged children. Promotion of health is also a central goal of the Ontario government, and is codified in the Health Protection and Promotion Act (HPPA). Part I of this paper demonstrates that a reasonable interpretation of the HPPA supports the implementation of a robust school nurse program that can meet the health needs of children. Part II explores the shortcomings of current school health programs in Ontario and provides policy reasons that support a comprehensive school nurse program. Part III identifies logistical barriers to the implementation of a school nurse program that need to be overcome in order to plan and provide adequate school nurse programs. A significant increase in the availability of school nurses is an optimal way to fulfill the Ontario government’s legislative objectives of protecting and promoting public health in its communities. The scope of practice of registered nurses places them in the best position to implement and ensure that the goals of the HPPA are met in Ontario’s schools.
Diagnostic performance of clinical properties and conventional magnetic resonance imaging for determining the IDH1 mutation status in glioblastoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Qun , Zhang Jiashu , Li Fangye , Xu Xinghua , Xu Bainan 
Published: June 2019

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant form of gliomas, is a relatively common primary brain tumor in adults. Preoperative identification of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations in GBM is of critical prognostic importance. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility and diagnostic performance of basic patient information combined with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for determination of the IDH1 status (mutant vs wild type) in patients with GBM.

Methods
From January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017, a consecutive series of 50 patients with GBM was retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into two group according to their IDH1 mutation status. Basic information and MRI features were analyzed for the establishment of a diagnostic prediction model using logistic regression. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance.

Results
Patients with IDH1-mutant tumors were younger than those with IDH1-wild type tumors, and exhibited a larger tumor volume. The diagnostic predictive model established by combining age and the tumor size exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 93%, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.88, which indicated high diagnostic performance.

Conclusion
Patient age and tumor volume can be used as indicators of IDH1 mutation status in patients with GBM, with high diagnostic performance for simple evaluations in clinical practice. The combined use of these two indicators can further enhance the diagnostic specificity.
Analysis of genetic population structure and diversity inMallotus oblongifoliususing ISSR and SRAP markers
Authors: Yan Wuping , Li Juanling , Zheng Daojun , Friedman Cynthia , Wang Huafeng 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundMallotus oblongifolius, an evergreen shrub endemic to Hainan Island, China, is important both medicinally and economically. Due to its special medicinal significance and the continuing rise of market demand, its populations in the wild have been subject to long-term illegal and unrestrained collection. Hence, an evaluation of genetic variability is essential for the conservation and genetic reserve development of this species.MethodsSequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to assess the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 20 natural populations ofM. oblongifoliusgrowing in different eco-geographical regions of Hainan Island, China.ResultsWe revealed a considerable genetic diversity (h= 0.336,I= 0.5057, SRAP markers;h= 0.3068,I= 0.4657, ISSR markers) and weak genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.2764 for SRAP, Gst = 0.2709 for ISSR) with the same gene flow (Nm = 1.3092 for SRAP, Nm = 1.346 for ISSR) among theM. oblongifoliuspopulations. The Mantel Test showed that the distribution of genetic variation among populations could not be explained by the pronounced geographical distances (r= 0.01255,p= 0.5538). All results of the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), Neighbor-joining (NJ), Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Bayesian analyses supported a habitat-specific genetic clustering model forM. oblongifolius, indicating a local adaptive divergence for the studied populations.DiscussionWe suggested that the habitat fragmentation and specificity forM. oblongifoliuspopulations weakened the natural gene flow and promoted an adaptation to special habitats, which was the main reason for local adaptive divergence amongM. oblongifolius.
An Overview of Herbal Traditional Eye Care Practices and the Development of Eye Health Promotion Strategies in Cameroon
Authors: Dorcas Waindim , Emilliene Epee , Estella Tembe Fokunang , Joseph E. A. Nshadze , Kovin Naidoo , Jaggernath Jyotikumarie , Timothy Waindim , Ngo Ngo Valery , Therese Abena Obama Marie , Ntungwen Fokunang Charles 
Published: June 2019

Herbal plants have played an important role traditional medicine therapy of multiple human illnesses since the existence of man in many parts of the globe .The most common eye diseases include conjunctivitis, cataract, glaucoma, eye allergies, eye inflammation. The problem of adverse drug effects of modern drugs, has led to the increased use nowadays of herbal remedies in the treatment of eye diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO), defines traditional medicine as, the knowledge, skills and practices based on theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to diverse cultures, be it explicable or not that are used in the maintenance of health and the prevention, diagnosis, improvement and the treatment of physical and mental diseases. In the last decade, the use of traditional medicine has gained popularity and has expanded globally. While traditional medicine is used in developing countries for primary health care, it is also being used in developed countries with advanced health care systems. Traditional medicine accounts for up to 60% of health care delivered in Cameroon, while in other African countries traditional medicine is being relied on as a result of cultural and historical beliefs and up to 80 % of the population in Africa use traditional medicine to meet their health care needs. Although, traditional medicine is widely used, issues around policy; safety; efficacy and quality control are still of prime public health concern.
Traditional eye care practices are believed to be indigenous medicines used by community members for the treatment of eye diseases or ocular problems. This is the most applied form of eye treatment in Africa and other parts of Asia and Latin America. Eye care is a public health concern in Cameroon due to late diagnosis of eye pathology and limited access to medication and affordability of prescription eye glasses. This paper attempts to review the herbal medicine practice as an alternative approach to eye treatment using traditional healing, and the development of eye health promotion strategies in the primary health care system in Cameroon.