bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusarium species in declining wild apple forests on the northern slope of the Tian Shan Mountains in north‐western China
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Zhao Wenxia , Lin Ruozhu , Yao Yanxia , Yu Shaoshuai , Zhou Zhongfu , Zhang Xuechao , Gao Yahui , Huai Wenxia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWild apple forests in the Tian Shan Mountains in north‐western China have been adversely affected by an unknown disease in recent years. Symptoms attributed to this disease that affects wild apple trees include xylem browning and dieback which are suggestive of infection by Fusarium species. Therefore, the research team conducted the first survey for Fusarium in the afflicted wild apple forests. Twig samples with symptoms of xylem browning and dieback were collected in the Xinyuan, Gongliu, Yining and Huocheng Counties of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region in China. Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological observation, sixty strains of Fusarium accounted for 48% of the total number of fungi isolated from samples were subsequently classified into six species including twenty‐four F. avenaceum, seventeen F. solani, ten F. tricinctum, five F. proliferatum, two F. sporotrichioides and two unfamiliar Fusarium sp. 1. The five previously known species of Fusarium were then tested for pathogenicity to leaves and twigs in vitro. The results indicated that all of the species, except for F. tricinctum, can cause obvious lesions on the leaves of host plants and on the twigs of Fuji and wild apple. This is the first report of Fusarium species pathogenicity in Xinjiang wild apple forests, confirming a new host for these pathogens in this study.
Self‐initiated learning reveals memory performance and electrophysiological differences between younger, older and older adults with relative memory impairment
Authors: Kenney Joanne P. M. , Ward Christina , Gallen Dervla , Roche Richard A. P. , Dockree Paul , Hohensen Nicola , Cassidy Clare , Keane Michael A. , Hogan Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOlder adults display difficulties in encoding and retrieval of information, resulting in poorer memory. This may be due to an inability of older adults to engage elaborative encoding strategies during learning. This study examined behavioural and electrophysiological effects of explicit cues to self‐initiate learning during encoding and subsequent recognition of words in younger adults (YA), older control adults (OA) and older adults with relative memory impairment (OD). The task was a variation of the old/new paradigm, some study items were preceded by a cue to learn the word (L) while others by a do not learn cue (X). Behaviourally, YA outperformed OA and OD on the recognition task, with no significant difference between OA and OD. Event‐related potentials at encoding revealed enhanced early visual processing (70–140 ms) for L‐ versus X‐words in young and old. Only YA exhibited a greater late posterior positivity (LPP; 200–500 ms) for all words during encoding perhaps reflecting superior encoding strategy. During recognition, only YA differentiated L‐ versus X‐words with enhanced frontal P200 (150–250 ms) suggesting impaired early word selection for retrieval in older groups; however, OD had enhanced P200 activity compared to OA during L‐word retrieval. The LPP (250–500 ms) was reduced in amplitude for L‐words compared to both X‐ and new words. However, YA showed greater LPP amplitude for all words compared to OA. For older groups, we observed reduced left parietal hemispheric asymmetry apparent in YA during encoding and recognition, especially for OD. Findings are interpreted in the light of models of compensation and dedifferentiation associated with age‐related changes in memory function.
Reconciling the contribution of environmental and stochastic structuring of tropical forest diversity through the lens of imaging spectroscopy
Authors: Bongalov Boris , Burslem David F. R. P. , Jucker Tommaso , Thompson Samuel E. D. , Rosindell James , Swinfield Tom , Nilus Reuben , Clewley Daniel , Phillips Oliver L. , Coomes David A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBoth niche and stochastic dispersal processes structure the extraordinary diversity of tropical plants, but determining their relative contributions has proven challenging. We address this question using airborne imaging spectroscopy to estimate canopy β‐diversity for an extensive region of a Bornean rainforest and challenge these data with models incorporating niches and dispersal. We show that remotely sensed and field‐derived estimates of pairwise dissimilarity in community composition are closely matched, proving the applicability of imaging spectroscopy to provide β‐diversity data for entire landscapes of over 1000 ha containing contrasting forest types. Our model reproduces the empirical data well and shows that the ecological processes maintaining tropical forest diversity are scale dependent. Patterns of β‐diversity are shaped by stochastic dispersal processes acting locally whilst environmental processes act over a wider range of scales.
Network analysis of prospective brain development in youth with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and its relationship to cognition
Authors: Garcia‐Ramos Camille , Dabbs Kevin , Lin Jack J. , Jones Jana E. , Stafstrom Carl E. , Hsu David A. , Meyerand Mary Elizabeth , Prabhakaran Vivek , Hermann Bruce P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveBenign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is the most common childhood idiopathic localization‐related epilepsy syndrome. BECTS presents normal routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, quantitative analytic techniques have captured subtle cortical and subcortical magnetic resonance anomalies. Network science, including graph theory (GT) analyses, facilitates understanding of brain covariance patterns, potentially informing in important ways how this common self‐limiting epilepsy syndrome may impact normal patterns of brain and cognitive development.MethodsGT analyses examined the developmental covariance among cortical and subcortical regions in children with new/recent onset BECTS (n = 19) and typically developing healthy controls (n = 22) who underwent high‐resolution MRI and cognitive assessment at baseline and 2 years later. Global (transitivity, global efficiency, and modularity index [Q]) and regional measures (local efficiency and hubs) were investigated to characterize network development in each group. Associations between baseline‐based GT measures and cognition at both time points addressed the implications of GT analyses for cognition and prospective cognitive development. Furthermore, an individual contribution measure was investigated, reflecting how important for cognition it is for BECTS to resemble the correlation matrices of controls.ResultsGroups exhibited similar Q and overall network configuration, with BECTS presenting significantly higher transitivity and both global and local efficiency. Furthermore, both groups presented a similar number of hubs, with BECTS showing a higher number in temporal lobe regions compared to controls. The investigated measures were negatively associated with 2‐year cognitive outcomes in BECTS.SignificanceChildren with BECTS present a higher‐than‐normal global developmental configuration compared to controls, along with divergence from normality in terms of regional configuration. Baseline GT measures demonstrate potential as a cognitive biomarker to predict cognitive outcome in BECTS 2 years after diagnosis. Similarities and differences in developmental network configurations and their implications for cognition and behavior across common epilepsy syndromes are of theoretical interest and clinical relevance.
Haemoperitoneum secondary to testicular rupture caused by blunt trauma in a stallion
Authors: da Silva Bonacin Y. , dos Santos Sousa S. , Canola P. A. , da Graça Macoris D. , Bueno G. M. , de Queiroz D. J. , Marques J. A. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryTesticular trauma is a commonly reported consequence of injury to the scrotum in humans and horses. In the majority of cases in stallions, injury is caused by a kick from a mare during mating. This case report describes a traumatically induced unilateral testicular rupture in a stallion associated with haemoperitoneum and acute, severe signs of abdominal discomfort. Initially, testicular ultrasound and clinical examinations were inconclusive and the clinical signs led to a diagnosis of an inflammatory abdominal disorder, possibly caused by inguinoscrotal herniation. The patient underwent exploratory celiotomy with unilateral orchiectomy at which time no involvement of the gastrointestinal tract was noted (aside from the presence of haemoperitoneum) and the testicular trauma was discovered. As this case demonstrates, testicular trauma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for inguinoscrotal herniation in stallions with clinical signs of discomfort even when there is no history of recent mating. Detailed clinical examination should be performed to establish a diagnosis but may not be conclusive.
A <word, part of speech> embedding model for text classification
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Liu Peiyu , Yang Yuzhen , Yi Jing , Zhu Zhenfang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExisting word embeddings learning algorithms only employ the contexts of words, but different text documents use words and their relevant parts of speech very differently. Based on the preceding assumption, in order to obtain appropriate word embeddings and further improve the effect of text classification, this paper studies in depth a representation of words combined with their parts of speech. First, using the parts of speech and context of words, a more expressive word embeddings can be obtained. Further, to improve the efficiency of look‐up tables, we construct a two‐dimensional table that is in the <word, part of speech> format to represent words in text documents. Finally, the two‐dimensional table and a Bayesian theorem are used for text classification. Experimental results show that our model has achieved more desirable results on standard data sets. And it has more preferable versatility and portability than alternative models.
The brighter side of climate change: How local oceanography amplified a lobster boom in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Goode Andrew G. , Brady Damian C. , Steneck Robert S. , Wahle Richard A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOcean warming can drive poleward shifts of commercially important species with potentially significant economic impacts. Nowhere are those impacts greater than in the Gulf of Maine where North America's most valuable marine species, the American lobster (Homarus americanus Milne Edwards), has thrived for decades. However, there are growing concerns that regional maritime economies will suffer as monitored shallow water young‐of‐year lobsters decline and landings shift to the northeast. We examine how the interplay of ocean warming, tidal mixing, and larval behavior results in a brighter side of climate change. Since the 1980s lobster stocks have increased fivefold. We suggest that this increase resulted from a complex interplay between lobster larvae settlement behavior, climate change, and local oceanographic conditions. Specifically, postlarval sounding behavior is confined to a thermal envelope above 12°C and below 20°C. Summer thermally stratified surface waters in southwestern regions have historically been well within the settlement thermal envelope. Although surface layers are warming fastest in this region, the steep depth‐wise temperature gradient caused thermally suitable areas for larval settlement to expand only modestly. This contrasts with the northeast where strong tidal mixing prevents thermal stratification and recent ocean warming has made an expansive area of seabed more favorable for larval settlement. Recent declines in lobster settlement densities observed at shallow monitoring sites correlate with the expanded area of thermally suitable habitat associated with warmer summers. This leads us to hypothesize that the expanded area of suitable habitat may help explain strong lobster population increases in this region over the last decade and offset potential future declines. It also suggests that the fate of fisheries in a changing climate requires understanding local interaction between life stage‐specific biological thresholds and finer scale oceanographic processes.
Clinical dental technicians in the United Kingdom: A qualitative understanding of the experiences, of practices and challenges of communication for dental professionals
Authors: Curtis Sarah , Gurveer Jaggee , Gallagher Jennifer E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the roles and relationships of registered Clinical Dental Technicians (CDTs) in the dental team and healthcare systems, and their perspective as a professional group in the United Kingdom (UK).MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted following a national questionnaire survey of CDTs, 18 of whom participated in semi‐structured interviews; they were purposively sampled to represent the diversity and demography of CDTs. A topic guide, informed by the literature and survey findings, guided discussions which were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Drawing upon phenomenological and cultural relativistic theories, thematic analysis was conducted, thus enabling an “analytic story” of the lived experience to emerge.ResultsClinical dental technicians expressed pride, passion and satisfaction in their work yet feel misunderstood in their role. Experiences of being accepted and incorporated into the wider dental profession are strained. Ultimately, there is a complex web of inter‐dependence between all actors—a triadic relationship—bounded by policymakers and regulators which directly impacts on best practice and the balance between collaboration and autonomy. Looking to the future, Ideal practice may involve different models of care, with examples of good practice emerging.ConclusionThis paper provides a unique examination of the lived experience, feelings and relationships of CDTs. The perceptions of their role, their inter‐professional relations and the progression as a professional group must be addressed, and their potential to work collaboratively actively engaged to serve our ageing population.
Canopy height measurements and non‐destructive biomass estimation of Lolium perenne swards using UAV imagery
Authors: Borra‐Serrano Irene , De Swaef Tom , Muylle Hilde , Nuyttens David , Vangeyte Jürgen , Mertens Koen , Saeys Wouter , Somers Ben , Roldán‐Ruiz Isabel , Lootens Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn perennial ryegrass breeding programmes, dry‐matter yield (DMY) of individual plots is monitored destructively at the different cuts or derived from non‐destructive canopy height measurements using devices like rising plate meters (RPM). These approaches both have constraints. Destructive sampling implies low temporal resolution, restraining the study of dry‐matter accumulation rates, while RPM measurements are influenced by the canopy structure and limit intra‐field variability identification. We present a phenotyping methodology, based on the use of an affordable RGB camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), to monitor the spatial and temporal evolution of canopy height and to estimate DMY. Weekly flights were carried out from April to October above a field comprising a diverse set of accessions. To test the capacity of UAV imagery to estimate canopy height, 8 ground control points and 28 artificial height references were placed at different locations. Accurate flights with an RMSE as low as 0.94 cm were achieved. In addition, canopy height was recorded using an RPM and destructive biomass samples were collected. Different models (linear, multiple linear, principal components, partial least squares regression and random forest) were used to predict DMY, and their performance was evaluated. The best estimations were obtained by combining variables including canopy height, vegetation indices and environmental data in a multiple linear regression (R2 = .81). All models built using UAV data obtained a lower RMSE than the one using RPM data. The approach presented is a possibility for breeders to incorporate new information in their selection process.
Autotransplantation after primary bone repair of a recipient site with a large periradicular lesion: a case report
Authors: Arbel Y. , Lvovsky A. , Azizi H. , Hadad A. , Averbuch Zehavi E. , Via S. , Ben Itzhak J. , Solomonov M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo describe a case of autotransplantation nine weeks after the extraction of a hopeless tooth with a large periradicular lesion, which enabled the healing of the recipient site.SummaryA 19‐year‐old male in generally good health was referred for evaluation of tooth 46. Clinically, there were class III mobility and sensitivity to percussion and palpation. There was a mesio‐lingual swelling and a single narrow deep pocket of 15 mm at the disto‐lingual aspect. CBCT imaging revealed a radiolucent area over 15 mm in diameter that extended from the mesial aspect of the mesial root of tooth 47 to the distal aspect of tooth 45. The radiolucent area was in proximity to the inferior alveolar canal and penetrated the buccal and the lingual cortical plates. The tooth was diagnosed with previously treated tooth, acute apical abscess and vertical root fracture. Tooth 46 was extracted, and a delicate curettage and drainage were performed. Nine weeks afterwards, a second surgery was performed: extraction of the impacted immature third molar (tooth 48). Immediately after the extraction, the tooth was replanted in the healing socket of tooth 46, and sufficient initial stability achieved. At a 1‐year follow‐up, the tooth had normal mobility, no sensitivity to palpation and percussion, and responded to thermal pulp testing. The soft tissue was normal, probing depths up to 3‐mm, without swelling or sinus tract. Radiographically, periapical healing at the recipient site was observed. Compared to the post‐operative periapical radiography immediately after the procedure, there was no change in the distal root dimensions. In the mesial root, development of the root length and a closed apex was demonstrated.
The association of four SNPs in DNA mismatch repair genes with idiopathic male infertility in northwest China
Authors: Zhao Xinyan , Mu Chunlan , Ma Jia , Dai Xiaojing , Jiao Haiyan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDNA mismatch repair (MMR) plays a critical role in the maintenance of genetic integrity. The failure of MMR in sperm DNA was found in male infertility. However, its aetiology in idiopathic male infertility (IMI) remains unknown. The present study was to investigate whether the four SNPs (rs26279 in MSH3, rs1800734 and rs4647269 in MLH1 and rs175080 in MLH3) in MMR genes were associated with IMI or not. The interactions of the SNPs were also performed to clarify its genetic aetiology. In the present study, 209 clinically diagnosed IMI men and 201 fertile men were recruited. Four SNPs were genotyped by DNA sequencing. It was the first time to investigate the association between rs26279 in MSH3 and IMI. The genotype frequency distribution of rs26279 (A>G) in MSH3 was found to be significantly different between IMI and control (p < 0.05), as well as azoospermia. The rs1800734 and rs4647269 in MLH1 were found to be significantly different between severe oligozoospermia and control groups (p < 0.05). However, rs175080 in MLH3 was not significantly different between IMI and control (p > 0.05). Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) for detecting interactions showed that there were no interactions among the four SNPs on IMI.
Chlamydia‐infected macrophages are resistant to azithromycin treatment and are associated with chronic oviduct inflammation and hydrosalpinx development
Authors: Harvie Marina CG , Carey Alison J , Armitage Charles W , O'Meara Connor P , Peet Jesse , Phillips Zachary N , Timms Peter , Beagley Kenneth W 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChlamydia infection remains the leading sexually‐transmitted bacterial infection worldwide, causing damaging sequelae such as tubal scarring, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. As infection is often asymptomatic, prevention via vaccination is the optimal strategy for disease control. Vaccination strategies aimed at preventing bacterial infection have shown some promise, although these strategies often fail to prevent damaging inflammatory pathology when Chlamydia is encountered. Using a murine model of Chlamydia muridarum genital infection, we employed two established independent models to compare immune responses underpinning pathologic development of genital Chlamydia infection. Model one uses antibiotic treatment during infection, with only early treatment preventing pathology. Model two uses a plasmid‐cured variant strain of C. muridarum that does not cause pathologic outcomes like the plasmid‐containing wild‐type counterpart. Using these infection models, contrasted by the development of pathology, we identified an unexpected role for macrophages. We observed that mice showing signs of pathology had greater numbers of activated macrophages present in the oviducts. This may have been due to early differences in macrophage activation and proinflammatory signaling leading to persistent or enhanced infection. These results provide valuable insight into the cellular mechanisms driving pathology in Chlamydia infection and contribute to the design and development of more effective vaccine strategies for protection against the deleterious sequelae of Chlamydia infection of the female reproductive tract.
Computational approaches for characterizing the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Liu Candace C. , Steen Chloé B. , Newman Aaron M. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryRecent advances in high‐throughput molecular profiling technologies and multiplexed imaging platforms have revolutionized our ability to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment. As a result, studies of tumor‐associated immune cells increasingly involve complex data sets that require sophisticated methods of computational analysis. In this review, we present an overview of key assays and related bioinformatics tools for analyzing the tumor‐associated immune system in bulk tissues and at the single‐cell level. In parallel, we describe how data science strategies and novel technologies have advanced tumor immunology and opened the door for new opportunities to exploit host immunity to improve cancer clinical outcomes.
Combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus to enhance nitrogen use efficiency and close the wheat yield gap on varying soils in semi‐arid conditions
Authors: McBeath Therese M. , Gupta Vadakattu V. S. R. , Llewellyn Rick S. , Mason Sean D. , Davoren Christopher W. , Correll Raymond L. , Jones Ben , Whitbread Anthony M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA primary driver of the wheat yield gap in Australia and globally is the supply of nitrogen (N) and options to increase N use efficiency (NUE) are fundamental to closure of the yield gap. Co‐application of N with phosphorus (P) is suggested as an avenue to increase fertiliser NUE, and inputs of N and P fertiliser are key variable costs in low rainfall cereal crops. Within field variability in the response to nutrients due to soil and season offers a further opportunity to refine inputs for increased efficiency. The response of wheat to N fertiliser input (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 kg N ha‐1) under four levels of P fertiliser (0, 5, 10 and 20 kg P ha−1) was measured on three key low rainfall cropping soils (dune, mid‐slope and swale) across a dune‐swale system in a low rainfall semi‐arid environment in South Australia, for three successive cropping seasons. Wheat on sandy soils produced significant and linear yield and protein responses across all three seasons, while wheat on a clay loam only produced a yield response in a high rainfall season. Responses to P fertiliser were measured on the sandy soils but more variable in nature and a consistent effect of increased P nutrition leading to increased NUE was not measured.