bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Connectivity Fingerprint of the Fusiform Gyrus Captures the Risk of Developing Autism in Infants with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Scherrer Benoit , Prohl Anna K , Taquet Maxime , Kapur Kush , Peters Jurriaan M , Tomas-Fernandez Xavier , Davis Peter E , M Bebin Elizabeth , Krueger Darcy A , Northrup Hope , Y Wu Joyce , Sahin Mustafa , Warfield Simon K 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by benign tumors throughout the body; it is generally diagnosed early in life and has a high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), making it uniquely valuable in studying the early development of autism, before neuropsychiatric symptoms become apparent. One well-documented deficit in ASD is an impairment in face processing. In this work, we assessed whether anatomical connectivity patterns of the fusiform gyrus, a central structure in face processing, capture the risk of developing autism early in life. We longitudinally imaged TSC patients at 1, 2, and 3 years of age with diffusion compartment imaging. We evaluated whether the anatomical connectivity fingerprint of the fusiform gyrus was associated with the risk of developing autism measured by the Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI). Our findings suggest that the fusiform gyrus connectivity captures the risk of developing autism as early as 1 year of age and provides evidence that abnormal fusiform gyrus connectivity increases with age. Moreover, the identified connections that best capture the risk of developing autism involved the fusiform gyrus and limbic and paralimbic regions that were consistent with the ASD phenotype, involving an increased number of left-lateralized structures with increasing age.
microRNA Deficiency in VIP+ Interneurons Leads to Cortical Circuit Dysfunction
Authors: Qiu Fang , Mao Xingfeng , Liu Penglai , Wu Jinyun , Zhang Yuan , Sun Daijing , Zhu Yueyan , Gong Ling , Shao Mengmeng , Fan Keyang , Chen Junjie , Lu Jiangteng , Jiang Yan , Zhang Yubin , Curia Giulia , Li Anan , He Miao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Genetically distinct GABAergic interneuron subtypes play diverse roles in cortical circuits. Previous studies revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed in cortical interneuron subtypes, and are essential for the normal migration, maturation, and survival of medial ganglionic eminence-derived interneuron subtypes. How miRNAs function in vasoactive intestinal peptide expressing (VIP+) interneurons derived from the caudal ganglionic eminence remains elusive. Here, we conditionally removed Dicer in postmitotic VIP+ interneurons to block miRNA biogenesis. We found that the intrinsic and synaptic properties of VIP+ interneurons and pyramidal neurons were concordantly affected prior to a progressive loss of VIP+ interneurons. In vivo recording further revealed elevated cortical local field potential power. Mutant mice had a shorter life span but exhibited better spatial working memory and motor coordination. Our results demonstrate that miRNAs are indispensable for the function and survival of VIP+ interneurons, and highlight a key role of VIP+ interneurons in cortical circuits.
Specifying a New Requirement Model for Secure Adaptive Systems
Authors: Alyari Robab , Karimpour Jaber , Izadkhah Habib 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSecurity is a growing concern in developing software systems. It is important to face unknown threats in order to make the system continue operating properly. Threats are vague and attack methods change frequently. Coping with such changes is a major feature of an adaptive software. Therefore, designing an adaptive secure software is an appropriate solution to address software security challenges. Through estimation of maximum amount of system assets security, one can determine whether the system is protecting the assets or not; if not, reconfiguration can be employed. This paper proposes a new requirement model for secure adaptive systems using fuzzy, goal modeling and Description Logic concepts. The model contains three phases of modeling security aspects of the system, identifying formalizations and relations between the requirements and monitoring and adapting, when needed. To illustrate the relations between the requirements, goal modeling is used in the first phase and fuzzy Description Logic in the second phase. For the third phase, four algorithms are proposed to monitor and determine whether reconfiguration is needed or not. Theorems are given to prove concept satisfaction of the requirements. Furthermore, examples and case studies are discussed to evaluate and show applicability of the proposed model.
Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in admissions and readmissions with and without syncope: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kadri Amer N , Zawit Misam , Al-Adham Raed , Hader Ismail , Nusairat Leen , Almahmoud Mohamed F , Senussi Mourad , Altibi Ahmed , Barakat Amr , Hernandez Adrian V , Masri Ahmad 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims
The Pulmonary Embolism in Syncope Italian Trial reported 17.3% prevalence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients admitted with syncope. We investigated the prevalence of venous thromboembolism [VTE, including PE and deep vein thrombosis (DVT)] in syncope vs. non-syncope admissions and readmissions, and if syncope is an independent predictor of VTE.

Methods and results
We conducted an observational study of index admissions of the 2013–14 Nationwide Readmission Database. We excluded patients &lt;18 years, December discharges, died during hospitalization, hospital transfers, and missing length of stay. Encounters were stratified by the presence or absence of DVT/PE and syncope diagnoses. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between syncope and VTE. There were 38 655 570 admissions, of whom 285 511 had syncope. In the overall cohort, syncope occurred in 1.6% of VTE and 1.8% in non-VTE admissions. In a multivariable model, syncope was associated with a lower prevalence of VTE [odds ratio (OR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–0.78; P &lt; 0.001]. In index syncope vs. non-syncope admissions, the prevalence of DVT, PE, and VTE were 0.4 ± 0.06% vs. 1.3 ± 0.12%, 0.2 ± 0.04% vs. 1.2 ± 0.11%, and 0.5 ± 0.07% vs. 2.1 ± 0.14% (all P &lt; 0.001), respectively. At 30 days, the prevalence of DVT, PE, and VTE in syncope vs. non-syncope were 2.2 ± 0.14% vs. 2.1 ± 0.14% (P = 0.38), 1.4 ± 0.12% vs. 1.2 ± 0.11% (P = 0.01), and 2.6 ± 0.17% vs. 3.0 ± 0.17% (P = 0.99), respectively.

Conclusion
Syncope admissions were associated with a lower prevalence of VTE as compared to non-syncope admissions. Syncope should not trigger an automatic PE workup, rather, should be put into context of patient presentation.
Farmers’ heterogeneous motives, voluntary vaccination and disease spread: an agent-based model
Authors: Sok Jaap , Fischer Egil A J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Animal health authorities responsible for effective voluntary livestock disease control need to consider the dynamic interplay between farmers’ collective behaviour and disease epidemiology. We present an agent-based model to simulate vaccination scheme designs that differ in expected adverse vaccine effects, communication strategies and subsidy levels. Specific scheme designs improve the vaccine uptake by farmers at the start of a livestock disease epidemic compared with a base scheme of minimal communication and subsidy. The results suggest that motivational mechanisms activated by a well-designed risk communication strategy are equally or more effective in increasing vaccination uptake than providing more financial compensation.
Limited reproducibility of MUCH and WUCH: evidence from the ELSA study
Authors: Mancia Giuseppe , Facchetti Rita , Cuspidi Cesare , Bombelli Michele , Corrao Giovanni , Grassi Guido 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the long-term reproducibility of masked (MUCH) and white-coat uncontrolled hypertension (WUCH), an information crucial for determining the long-term prognostic impact of these conditions.

Methods and results
Reproducibility of MUCH and WUCH was assessed in 1664 hypertensive patients recruited for the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis and treated with atenolol or lacidipine (±additional drugs) during a 4-year period. Office and 24 h blood pressure (BP) was measured at baseline and every year during treatment, allowing repeated classification of either condition. After 1 year of treatment 21.1% and 17.8% of the patients were classified as MUCH and WUCH, respectively. For both conditions the prevalence was similar in the following years, although with a large change in patients composition because only about 1/3 of patients classified as MUCH or WUCH at one set of office and ambulatory BP measurements maintained the same classification at a subsequent set of measurements. In only 4.5% and 6.2% MUCH and WUCH persisted throughout the treatment period. MUCH and WUCH reproducibility was worse than that of patients showing control or lack of control of both office and ambulatory BP, i.e. controlled and uncontrolled hypertension, respectively.

Conclusion
Both MUCH and WUCH display poor reproducibility over time. This should be taken into account in studies assessing the long-term prognostic value of these conditions based on only one set of BP measurements.
Altered fibrin clot properties and fibrinolysis in patients with atrial fibrillation: practical implications
Authors: Undas Anetta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCompelling evidence indicates that a hypercoagulable state occurs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) including those in sinus rhythm following paroxysmal and persistent AF. Activation of blood coagulation in AF reflects heightened thrombin generation with the subsequent increased formation of fibrin as evidenced by elevated soluble fibrin monomers and D-dimer. Formation of denser fibrin meshworks, relatively resistant to plasmin-mediated lysis has been demonstrated in patients with AF. The presence of stroke risk factors in AF, such as diabetes, heart failure, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, or stroke, advanced age have been shown to be linked to the prothrombotic clot characteristics, including reduced clot permeability and lysability. Importantly, biomarkers, including cardiac troponins and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, are associated with thrombin generation and fibrin-related markers in AF patients. Recently, increased fibrin clot density (low clot permeability measured in plasma-based assays) and impaired fibrinolysis measured off anticoagulation have been demonstrated to predict ischaemic cerebrovascular events in patients with AF receiving vitamin K antagonists and those on rivaroxaban. The current review summarizes evidence for a role of altered fibrin clot properties and hypofibrinolysis in AF and their prognostic value in terms of adverse events.
Successional trophic complexity and biogeographical structure of eukaryotic communities in waterworks' rapid sand filters
Authors: Bugge Harder Christoffer , Nyrop Albers Christian , Rosendahl Søren , Aamand Jens , Ellegaard-Jensen Lea , Ekelund Flemming 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTAs groundwater-fed waterworks clean their raw inlet water with sand filters, a variety of pro- and eukaryotic microbial communities develop on these filters. While several studies have targeted the prokaryotic sand filter communities, little is known about the eukaryotic communities, despite the obvious need for knowledge of microorganisms that get in contact with human drinking water. With a new general eukaryotic primer set (18S, V1-V3 region), we performed FLX-454 sequencing of material from 21 waterworks' sand filters varying in age (3–40 years) and geographical location on a 250 km east–west axis in Denmark, and put the data in context of their previously published prokaryotic communities. We find that filters vary highly in trophic complexity depending on age, from simple systems with bacteria and protozoa (3–6 years) to complex, mature systems with nematodes, rotifers and turbellarians as apex predators (40 years). Unlike the bacterial communities, the eukaryotic communities display a clear distance–decay relationship that predominates over environmental variations, indicating that the underlying aquifers feeding the filters harbor distinct eukaryotic communities with limited dispersal in between. Our findings have implications for waterworks' filter management, and offer a window down to the largely unexplored eukaryotic microbiology of groundwater aquifers.
Probing upper mantle electrical conductivity with daily magnetic variations using global-to-local transfer functions
Authors: Guzavina M , Grayver A , Kuvshinov A 
Published: September 2019

Summary
We present new transfer functions (TFs) that can handle external electromagnetic (EM) sources of complex geometry. These TFs relate global expansion coefficients describing the source with a locally measured EM field. In this study, the new TFs concept was applied to the daily magnetic variations measured at the ground. The parameterisation of the source in terms of spherical harmonics was adopted. We used nearly 20 years of data from 125 mid-latitude observatories and explored how the results are affected by (I) solar activity conditions, (II) the choice of the prior conductivity model used for the source coefficient estimation, and (III) the presence of ocean tidal magnetic signals. We found that choosing magnetically quiet periods is beneficial due to simpler source morphology, and the choice of prior conductivity model may significantly affect the source coefficients and TFs at short periods. We further observed significant contributions by ocean tidal magnetic signals at coastal and island observatories and corrected for them. Finally, the estimated TFs were inverted for the mantle conductivity at several locations representing different geological settings.
Cell-Mediated Immune Responses After Influenza Vaccination of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Secondary Outcomes Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: L’huillier Arnaud G , Ferreira Victor H , Hirzel Cedric , Natori Yoichiro , Slomovic Jaclyn , Ku Terrance , Hoschler Katja , Ierullo Matthew , Selzner Nazia , Schiff Jeffrey , Singer Lianne G , Humar Atul , Kumar Deepali 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Despite annual immunization, solid organ transplant (SOT) patients remain at increased risk for severe influenza infection because of suboptimal vaccine immunogenicity. We aimed to compare the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses of the high-dose (HD) and the standard-dose (SD) trivalent inactivated vaccine.

Methods
We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells pre- and postimmunization from 60 patients enrolled in a randomized trial of HD versus SD vaccine (30 HD; 30 SD) during the 2016–2017 influenza season.

Results
The HD vaccine elicited significantly greater monofunctional and polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B. For example, median vaccine-elicited influenza-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells were higher in recipients of the HD than SD vaccine after stimulation with influenza A/H1N1 (1193 vs 0 per 106 CD4+ T cells; P = .003), A/H3N2 (1154 vs 51; P = .008), and B (1102 vs 0; P = .001). Likewise, vaccine-elicited influenza-specific polyfunctional CD8+ T cells were higher in recipients of the HD than SD vaccine after stimulation with influenza B (367 vs 0; P = .002).

Conclusions
Our study provides novel evidence that HD vaccine elicits greater cellular responses compared with the SD vaccine in SOT recipients, which provides support to preferentially consider use of HD vaccination in the SOT setting.
Composition of gut microbiota of children and adolescents with perinatal HIV infection taking antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe
Authors: Flygel Trym T , Sovershaeva Evgeniya , Classen-Weitz Shantelle , Hjerde Erik , Mwaikono Kilaza S , Odland Jon Ø , Ferrand Rashida A , Mchugh Grace , Gutteberg Tore J , Nicol Mark P , Cavanagh Jorunn P , Flægstad Trond ,   Breathe Study Team
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
HIV infection causes impairment of the gastrointestinal barrier, with substantial depletion of CD4+ T-cells in the gut. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) restores CD4+ counts and may have beneficial effects on gut microbiota in adults. Little is known about effect of long-term ART on gut microbiome in HIV infected children. We investigated composition of gut microbiota in HIV infected and uninfected children and assessed associations between gut microbiota and patient characteristics.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, rectal swabs were collected from 177 HIV infected and 103 HIV uninfected controls. Gut microbial composition was explored using 16S rRNA sequencing (Illumina Miseq).

Results
HIV infected children had significantly lower alpha-diversity and higher beta-diversity compared to HIV uninfected. No association was observed between microbiome diversity and CD4+ T-cell count, HIV viral load or HIV-associated chronic lung disease. We found enriched levels of Corynebacterium (p<0.01), Finegoldia (p<0.01) and Anaerococcus (p<0.01) in HIV infected, and enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae (p=0.02) in participants with low CD4+ counts (<400 cells/mm3). Prolonged ART-treatment (≥10 years) was significantly associated with a richer gut microbiota by alpha diversity.

Conclusion
HIV infected children have altered gut microbiota. Prolonged ART may restore the richness of the microbiota closer to that of HIV-uninfected children.
Do performance indicators predict regulator ratings of healthcare providers? Cross-sectional study of acute hospitals in England
Authors: Allen Thomas , Walshe Kieran , Proudlove Nathan , Sutton Matt 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether a large set of care performance indicators (‘Intelligent Monitoring (IM)’) can be used to predict the Care Quality Commission’s (CQC) acute hospital trust provider ratings.

Design
The IM dataset and first-inspection ratings were used to build linear and ordered logistic regression models for the whole dataset (all trusts). This was repeated for subsets of the trusts, with these models then applied to predict the inspection ratings of the remaining trusts.

Setting
The United Kingdom Department of Health and Social Care’s Care Quality Commission is the regulator for all health and social care services in England. We consider their first-inspection cycle of acute hospital trusts (2013–2016).

Participants
All 156 English NHS acute hospital trusts.

Intervention(s)
None.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Percentage of correct predictions and weighted kappa.

Results
Only 24% of the predicted overall ratings for the test sample were correct and the weighted kappa of 0.01 indicates very poor agreement between predicted and actual ratings. This lack of predictive power is also found for each of the rating domains.

Conclusion
While hospital inspections draw on a much wider set of information, the poor power of performance indicators to predict subsequent inspection ratings may call into question the validity of indicators, ratings or both. We conclude that a number of changes to the way performance indicators are collected and used could improve their predictive value, and suggest that assessing predictive power should be undertaken prospectively when the sets of indicators are being designed and selected by regulators.
Lost in Misconceptions about Social Identity Theory
Authors: Larson Deborah Welch , Shevchenko Alexei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDissatisfied with their relative standing in the world, China and Russia are challenging the US-dominated liberal order. Could US accommodation of their status concerns reduce conflict? The psychological rationale for status accommodation is rooted in the insights of social identity theory (SIT), which argues that persistent status denial leads lower-status groups to “lash out.” Steven Ward (2017) objects that political scientists have misinterpreted SIT. In his view, impermeable group boundaries only affect individuals and do not lead to intergroup conflict. Ward's narrow critique overlooks the larger meaning and significance of SIT, which is about how frustration and anger over status barriers and unfair treatment motivate lower-status groups to challenge the status quo. Social competition is positional and zero-sum. Given the insights of SIT, Ward's recommendation that the United States demonstrate to China and Russia the futility of status competition is likely to provoke a backlash and increase the risk of military conflict. Instead, SIT implies a continuing process of status accommodation and efforts to maintain the legitimacy and stability of US leadership.
Augmented Experiences: Investigating the Feasibility of Virtual Reality as Part of a Workplace Wellbeing Intervention
Authors: Naylor Matthew , Morrison Ben , Ridout Brad , Campbell Andrew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis exploratory experiment tested the effect of two virtual reality (VR) relaxation interventions on measures of physiological arousal and affect, compared to a control. Forty-nine participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, all using the Oculus Rift. Participants wore a heart rate (HR) monitor and completed pre- and post-test surveys, including the positive and negative affect schedule, Likert-type and open feedback questions. Mixed repeated measures ANOVAs revealed significant reductions in HR and affect over time across all conditions, with a significant interaction identified for the breathing condition’s effect on negative affect. Participants were able to identify feeling relaxation, as well as influencing factors. Further, the majority expected, and supported, the introduction of VR interventions in their workplace and/or college, with privacy being a common concern. These results demonstrate the potential of VR augmented relaxation interventions with recommendations for further study provided.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSVR can potentially provide wellbeing interventions with a uniquely immersive quality Results suggest interactive and immersive VR experiences may facilitate relaxation and reduce stress Participants believe there may be substantial benefits to having VR wellbeing interventions at work and college.