bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the speech and language of individuals with non‐syndromic submucous cleft palate: a preliminary report
Authors: Boyce Jessica O. , Sanchez Katherine , Amor David J. , Reilly Sheena , Da Costa Annette , Kilpatrick Nicky , Morgan Angela T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundSubmucous cleft palate (SMCP) has a heterogeneous presentation and is often identified late or misdiagnosed. Diagnosis is prompted by speech, resonance or feeding symptoms associated with velopharyngeal insufficiency. However, the broader impacts of SMCP on communication have rarely been examined and therefore are poorly understood.AimTo describe the communicative profile of individuals with non‐syndromic SMCP by examining speech, language and pragmatics (social language).Methods & ProceduresFifteen participants with SMCP aged 5;1–12;8, without a genetic diagnosis, participated in the study. Participants completed standardized assessments examining language, resonance, speech and non‐verbal intellect. Parents also completed the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC‐2), which provided a measure of overall communicative ability, including pragmatic skills. Formal language outcomes were compared with two cohorts: 36 individuals with overt non‐syndromic clefts and 129 individuals with no history of clefting.Outcomes & ResultsSpeech intelligibility was reduced secondary to hypernasality, disordered articulation and/or impaired phonology (n = 7) in children with SMCP. Poorer overall language outcomes were observed for children with SMCP compared with both those with overt clefts and no history of clefting (p < 0.001). Language scores for children with SMCP ranged from impaired (n = 6) to above the standardized mean (n = 4). Receptive and expressive language performance were independently correlated with non‐verbal IQ (p < 0.01). Those with severe language impairment (n = 4) also had borderline or impaired non‐verbal IQ. Parents reported that speech and semantics were the most affected sub‐domains of communication, while scores were the highest for the initiation domain. Speech and language skills were correlated strongly with pragmatics (r = 0.877, p < 0.01).Conclusions & ImplicationsOverall, performance was variable within the SMCP group across speech, language and pragmatic assessments. In addition to well‐documented speech difficulties, children with SMCP may have language or pragmatic impairments, suggesting that further neurodevelopmental influences may be at play. As such, for individuals with SMCP, additional clinical screening of language and pragmatic abilities may be required to ensure accurate diagnosis and guide both cleft and non‐cleft related therapy programmes.
Characteristics of hollows and hollow‐bearing trees in semi‐arid river red gum woodland and potential limitations for hollow‐dependent wildlife
Authors: Westerhuis Erin L. , Schlesinger Christine A. , Nano Catherine E. M. , Morton Stephen R. , Christian Keith A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUp to 37 species of the birds and microbats inhabiting inland Australia are dependent on tree cavities for breeding or roosting. The river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), a well‐known hollow‐bearing tree species, occurs in linear semi‐arid woodland along thousands of kilometres of ephemeral river channels and is the only tree species that provides widespread, aggregated hollow resources across a landscape otherwise dominated by shrublands. Here we assess the type and quantity of hollows available along ephemeral rivers of the MacDonnell Ranges bioregion in central Australia and determine which characteristics of river red gums best predict the abundance and characteristics of different tree hollows, as first steps towards assessing the current availability of hollows in the region. Approximately a third of all river red gums sampled were hollow‐bearing, but individual trees with abundant hollows were rare. Further, 36% of hollows had an entrance ≤ 5 cm, and 37% had entrances which were 6–10 cm in diameter, whereas only 13% of hollows had an entrance diameter > 20 cm suitable for larger hollow‐using species. Large and high hollows only occurred on trees that did not display post‐disturbance resprouting. Trees with multiple and diverse hollows were rare and tended to be in advanced stages of senescence and had larger stems (82.3 ± 3.33 cm) and were taller (14.4 ± 0.53 m) compared to non‐hollow‐bearing trees (23.44 ± 1.68 cm, 8.0 ± 0.34 m). Further research is required to establish whether the current abundance of hollows and diversity of hollow types are limiting to cavity‐dependent wildlife, and to identify any threats to availability of hollows.
A randomised controlled trial of phenylephrine and noradrenaline boluses for treatment of postspinal hypotension during elective caesarean section
Authors: Mohta M. , Garg A. , Chilkoti G. T. , Malhotra R. K. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryPhenylephrine is currently the vasopressor of choice during elective caesarean section, but it can cause reflex bradycardia. Noradrenaline, a potent α‐agonist and weak β‐agonist, may be associated with a lower incidence of bradycardia. However, comparative information is limited. This double‐blind randomised controlled trial compared the effects of 100 μg phenylephrine and 5 μg noradrenaline administered as boluses for the treatment of postspinal hypotension during elective caesarean section in women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy. Hypotension was defined as a decrease of ≥ 20% from baseline systolic arterial pressure, or an absolute value < 100 mmHg. Ninety women were included in the study. The primary outcome was the incidence of maternal bradycardia < 60 beats.min−1. There was no difference in the incidence of bradycardia (37.8% with phenylephrine vs. 22.2% with noradrenaline; p = 0.167), number of hypotensive episodes, number of boluses required to treat the first hypotensive episode or reactive hypertension. The total number of boluses used was higher in the phenylephrine group (p = 0.01). Maternal heart rate at 1 min after vasopressor administration was non‐significantly lower using phenylephrine vs. noradrenaline (p = 0.034, considering p < 0.01 as statistically significant). The umbilical artery pH was higher using phenylephrine than with noradrenaline (p = 0.034). In conclusion, both vasopressors reversed postspinal hypotension without a statistically significant difference in maternal bradycardia. However, in view of the lower umbilical artery pH when using noradrenaline, further research is warranted to study its placental transfer and fetal metabolic effects.
Continuous 4‐week ECG monitoring with adhesive electrodes reveals AF in patients with recent embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Lumikari Tuomas J. , Putaala Jukka , Kerola Anne , Sibolt Gerli , Pirinen Jani , Pakarinen Sami , Lehto Mika , Nieminen Tuomo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) frequently escapes routine stroke workup due to its unpredictable and often asymptomatic nature, leaving a significant portion of patients at high risk of recurrent stroke. Recent trials emphasized continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in the detection of occult AF. We screened AF in patients meeting the embolic stroke of unknown source (ESUS) criteria using an external miniaturized recorder with an adhesive electrode.MethodsPatients aged ≥50 with recent ESUS were prospectively screened and assigned to wear a 1‐lead ECG device capable to record continuous ECG for up to 4 weeks. Electrodes were replaced every 3–4 days. Primary outcome was proportion of patients completing at least 80% of monitoring. Secondary outcome measures included incidence of AF and initiation of oral anticoagulation therapy after AF detection.ResultsFifty‐seven patients were monitored (mean age 64.5 ± 8.2 years, median delay from stroke to the start of monitoring 8 days, IQR 4–44). Of these, 51 patients (89.5%) completed at least 80% of the desired monitoring period. We detected AF ≥30 s in seven patients (12.3%), all of whom initiated anticoagulation therapy. Atrial fibrillation was revealed in six patients (85.7%) within the first week of monitoring. Compared to patients without AF, patients with AF were older (70.6 ± 5.1 vs. 63.6 ± 8.3 years, p < 0.011) and more obese (body mass index 30.0 ± 3.4 vs. 26.6 ± 4.6, p < 0.039).ConclusionsProlonged ECG monitoring with an external device using adhesive electrodes is feasible in ESUS patients, since nine out of ten patients used the device appropriately and AF was detected in one out of eight patients.
From a White Desert to the Largest World Deposit of Lithium: Symbolic Meanings and Materialities of the Uyuni Salt Flat in Bolivia
Authors: Sanchez‐Lopez Maria Daniela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Uyuni salt flat (Salar de Uyuni) in Bolivia possesses the largest lithium deposit in the world. Over the past 40 years, this location has been commodified and radically transformed. This paper examines how a landscape, understood from its material attributes and qualities, shapes and is shaped by social relations unfolding in a process of commodification and mining expansion. Based on primary qualitative data, the paper explores two elements: (1) how the symbolic meaning of this landscape has changed over time for the surrounding indigenous communities; and (2) how the different materialities of the salt flat as landscape, as ulexite and as lithium allow understanding of the drivers of socio‐environmental change and conflict in this region. The paper argues that social relations and governance frameworks are interlinked with changing symbolic meanings and the different materialities of the Uyuni salt flat.
Multicentre retrospective study of intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma treated at academic institutions within the United States
Authors: Geer Marcus , Roberts Emily , Shango Maryann , Till Brian G. , Smith Stephen D. , Abbas Hashim , Hill Brian T. , Kaplan Jason , Barr Paul M. , Caimi Paolo , Stephens Deborah M. , Lin Emily , Herrera Alex F. , Rosenbaum Evan , Amengual Jennifer E. , Boonstra Philip S. , Devata Sumana , Wilcox Ryan A. , Kaminski Mark S. , Phillips Tycel J. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIntravascular large B‐cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare entity, with a generally aggressive course that may vary based on geographic presentation. While a United States (US) registry study showed relatively good outcomes with IVLBCL, clinicopathological and treatment data were unavailable. We performed a detailed retrospective review of cases identified at 8 US medical centres, to improve understanding of IVLBCL and inform management. We compiled data retrieved via an Institutional Review Board‐approved review of IVLBCL cases identified from 1999 to 2015 at nine academic institutions across the US. We characterized the cohort's clinical status at time of diagnosis, presenting diagnostic and clinical features of the disease, treatment modalities used and overall prognostic data. Our cohort consisted of 54 patients with varying degrees of clinical features. Adjusting for age, better performance status at presentation was associated with increased survival time for the patients diagnosed in vivo (hazard ratio: 2·12, 95% confidence interval 1·28, 3·53). Based on the data we have collected, it would appear that the time interval to diagnosis is a significant contributor to outcomes of patients with IVLBCL.
Association of youth health care transition readiness to role overload among parents of children with chronic illness
Authors: Hart Laura C. , van Tilburg Miranda A.L. , Campbell Robert , Faldowski Richard A. , Nazareth Meaghan , Ndugga Maggwa , Coltrane Chad , de Ferris Maria Diaz‐Gonzalez 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundA parent's level of role overload, a situation in which the demands of an individual's roles are beyond their capacity to perform adequately, has been associated with poor outcomes in adolescents. It is unknown if role overload in parents is associated with less health care transition (HCT) readiness in their children with chronic conditions. We sought to assess this relationship.MethodsYouth with chronic conditions attending a therapeutic camp and their parents completed online consents/assents and de‐identified surveys. Parents reported on parental role overload using the Reilly Role Overload Scale and a proxy assessment of the youth's HCT readiness using the STARx—Parent Questionnaire. Youth self‐reported on their HCT readiness using the STARx Questionnaire. Linear regression measured the relationship between parent role overload and HCT readiness, controlling for youth's age, sex, and degree of youth's educational support.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐two parents and 50 youth completed the measures. Greater parental role overload was associated with less overall HCT readiness on the parent proxy measure (β = −.12, P ≤ .008) and a lower level in the self‐management domain on the parent proxy measure (β = −.20, P ≤ .001). We found no associations between parent role overload and youth self‐report of HCT readiness.ConclusionParent's level of role overload had no association with youth's self‐report of HCT readiness but was negatively associated with parent proxy report of their youth's HCT readiness, suggesting that parents with high levels of role overload may perceive their youth as less ready to transition to adult‐focused care.
Socioeconomic gradients in toothache experience among Australian adults: A time trend analysis from 1994 to 2013
Authors: Peres Karen G. , Luzzi Liana , Harford Jane , Peres Marco A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo identify time trend pattern in toothache and to estimate whether toothache prevalence differs by socioeconomic position and residential location over time.MethodsData from nine successive National Dental Telephone Interview Surveys (NDTIS) from 1994 (n = 6907) to 2013 (n = 6778) performed in Australia among individuals aged 15 years or over were used. The dependent variable was toothache reported very often, often or sometimes during the previous 12 months. Independent variables were age group, household income (tertiles), insurance/cardholder status and geographical remoteness. Prais‐Winsten analyses were performed, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for toothache prevalence was estimated.ResultsToothache affected slightly more than 10% of the overall population in 1994 (11.6%) and 1995 (11.4%), reaching approximately one‐sixth (16.2%) of individuals in 2013. Overall, there was a significant increase in toothache prevalence over time (AAPC = 2.0% [95% CI 0.7;1.34]) and in those aged 25‐44 (AAPC 2.1% [95% CI 0.6;3.6]) and 45‐64 (AAPC 3.4% [95% CI 1.5;5.3]) years and markedly among those in the lowest income group (AAPC 3.4% [95% CI 0.1;6.7]). All geographic locations except for remote/very remote areas had upward toothache prevalence over time. Insured status was not associated with increased toothache prevalence during the investigated period.ConclusionsToothache prevalence increased from 1994 to 2013 in Australian adults particularly among the lowest socioeconomic group.
LL‐37 promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Cao Yujie , Chen Fenghong , Sun Yueqi , Hong Haiyu , Wen Yihui , Lai Yinyan , Xu Zhaofeng , Luo Xin , Chen Yang , Shi Jianbo , Li Huabin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophil accumulation has been observed in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the functions of neutrophils are poorly understood. Neutrophils produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are involved in a variety of chronic inflammatory pathologies. LL‐37 is the only member of the cathelicidin family in human.ObjectiveOur aims were to examine the presence of NETs in CRSwNP and to investigate the regulatory effect of LL‐37 on NET formation.MethodsNasal polyp tissues were investigated for the presence of NETs by using immunofluorescent (IF) staining. The expression and distribution of LL‐37 were examined by using quantitative RT‐PCR, ELISA, IF, and immunohistochemistry. Purified peripheral neutrophils were stimulated with LL‐37 and stained with IF to identify NETs. NETs% was defined as percentage of NET‐generating neutrophils to the total number of neutrophils.ResultsNeutrophil extracellular traps were located in the subepithelial layer of nasal polyps and control tissues. Nasal polyps had higher NETs% compared with that of controls (23.01% ± 3.43% vs 4.52% ± 1.33%, P < 0.0001). NET count was also increased in nasal polyps. NET count correlated with neutrophil count (r = 0.908, P < 0.001). LL‐37 protein and mRNA levels were upregulated in nasal polyps. LL‐37 was distributed in the epithelial and subepithelial layer and mainly expressed by neutrophils. Moreover, LL‐37 promoted peripheral neutrophils to form NETs in a dose‐dependent manner ex vivo. Interestingly, dexamethasone did not inhibit the effect of LL‐37 on inducing NET formation. Furthermore, peripheral neutrophils from CRSwNP patients were more susceptible to LL‐37‐mediated NET formation, compared with neutrophils derived from control subjects. In addition, NETs released LL‐37 in vivo and ex vivo.ConclusionNeutrophil extracellular traps are significantly increased in nasal polyps and LL‐37 induces NET formation in CRSwNP patients. These findings indicate that NETs may contribute to the pathogenesis of neutrophilic inflammation in CRSwNP.
Development and validation of a preoperative prediction model for follicular thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Yu QingAn , Liu KunPeng , Xie ChangMing , Ma DaKun , Wu YaoHua , Jiang HongChi , Dai WenJie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe low pre‐ and intraoperative diagnostic rates in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) often lead to inadequate surgical resection and necessitate further completion surgery. Therefore, the preoperative prediction of FTC in thyroid nodules is essential.Design and PatientPatients were categorized into two data sets: the modelling data set, which included 3649 patients admitted to our centre between January 2014 and December 2016, and the validation data set, which included 1253 patients admitted between January and December 2017. Patient data from the FTC and non‐FTC groups were initially included in a modelling data set to establish a preoperative prediction model. This model was subsequently employed in a validation data set for external validation of the predictive value. The positivity rate for FTC predicted by the model was compared with that of the intraoperative frozen sections.ResultsThe preoperative serum thyroglobulin level, nodule diameter, calcification status, solidity and blood supply were selected as predictors for the model. The regression equation was as follows: Y = 0.010 × (thyroglobulin level) + 0.556 × (nodule diameter) + 0.675 × (calcification status) + 2.355 × (nodule component) + 1.072*(blood flow) − 9.787. The model positively predicted FTC at values of Y ≥ −4.11. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of the prediction model were 89.2%, 90.2%, 87.7%, 39.2 and 0.11, respectively. External validation of the model demonstrated acceptable results. The positive prediction rate of the model was 90.7% (78/86), which was significantly higher than that of the intraoperative frozen sections (10.5% [9/86]; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsWe successfully established and validated a simple and reliable preoperative prediction model for FTC using the preoperative thyroglobulin level and ultrasonographic features of the thyroid nodules. This model may improve the preoperative evaluation of FTC in clinical settings and facilitate the development of a reasonable surgical programme for FTC.
Coronary artery calcification in middle‐aged women with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Gunning Marlise N. , Meun Cindy , van Rijn Bas B. , Maas Angela H. E. M. , Benschop Laura , Franx Arie , Boersma Eric , Budde Ricardo P. J. , Appelman Yolande , Lambalk Cornelis B. , Eijkemans Marinus J. C. , Velthuis Birgitta K. , Laven Joop S. E. , Fauser Bart C. J. M. ,   On behalf of the CREW‐consortium
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveWomen with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) enter menopause before age 40. Early menopause was associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), death from cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality. We compared the prevalence of CAD between middle‐aged women on average 10 years following the initial POI diagnosis, with a population‐based cohort.DesignCross‐sectional case‐control study.ParticipantsWomen from two Dutch University Medical Centers above 45 years of age previously diagnosed with POI (n = 98) were selected and compared with age‐ and race‐matched controls from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).MeasurementsThe primary outcome was detectable coronary artery calcium (CAC) determined by coronary computed tomography (CCT).ResultsWomen with POI had significantly higher blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose, despite lower BMI compared to controls. Similar proportions of detectable CAC (CAC score >0 Agatston Units) were observed in women with POI and controls (POI n = 16 (16%), controls n = 52 (18%), P = 0.40 and Padj = 0.93). In women with POI separately, we were not able to identify associations between CVD risk factors and CAC. The following CVD risk factors in controls were positively associated with CAC: age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and LDL cholesterol. HRT use was negatively associated with CAC in controls.ConclusionsThe presence of CAC did not differ significantly in women with POI around 50 years of age, compared to an age‐ and race‐matched control group. We observe no increased calcified coronary disease in POI patients, despite the presence of unfavourable cardiovascular risk factors in these women.
Conservation prioritization based on trait‐based metrics illustrated with global parrot distributions
Authors: Kosman Evsey , Burgio Kevin R. , Presley Steven J. , Willig Michael R. , Scheiner Samuel M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimConservation planning and prioritization generally have focused on protecting taxa based on assessments of their long‐term persistence or on protecting habitats and sites with high species richness. An implicit assumption of these approaches is that species are equally different from each other. We propose metrics for conservation planning and prioritization that include consideration of differences among taxa in their functional characteristics to ensure long‐term maintenance of ecosystem functioning and services.InnovationWe define metrics of functional distinctiveness, irregularity and singularity for a species. Functional distinctiveness is the mean distance in trait space of a species to all other species in a community. Functional irregularity is the variation in the proportional distances of a focal species to all other species based on a Hill function. Functional singularity is the product of those two metrics. These metrics can be weighted based on proportional abundance, biomass or frequency of occurrence. The metrics can be used to prioritize particular species for conservation based on their functional characteristics or to identify functionally distinct priority areas for conservation using the mean functional distinctiveness, irregularity and singularity of a set of species in an area. The metrics can be compared to the species richness of that area, thereby identifying areas that might have low species richness, but whose species are especially functionally distinct, providing important information of conservation relevance.Main conclusionsApplying these metrics to data on the global distributions of parrots, we identified species that are not of current conservation concern because they are geographically widespread, but which might be prioritized due to their functional singularity (e.g., the scarlet macaw). We also identified areas that are species poor and not generally considered noteworthy for their parrot fauna, but that contain a fauna that is functionally singular (e.g., Chile). Together, these metrics broaden the criteria used for conservation prioritization.