bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colonic diverticular bleeding and predictors of the length of hospitalization: An observational study
Authors: Wada Michiko , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Kato Motohiko , Hirai Yuichiro , Kinoshita Satoshi , Mori Hideki , Nakazato Yoshihiro , Fujimoto Ai , Kikuchi Masahiro , Uraoka Toshio , Kanai Takanori 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimA significant percentage of patients with colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) experience bleeding that is severe enough to necessitate prolonged hospitalization. Prolonged hospitalization causes deterioration in patients' quality of life, as well as difficulties with cost‐effective utilization of medical resources, and is a financial burden to the society. Therefore, we investigated the factors associated with the length of hospitalization for the optimal management of patients hospitalized with CDB.MethodsThis study included patients who were hospitalized for the treatment of CDB and underwent colonoscopy between July 2008 and February 2016. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between the length of hospitalization and the patients' baseline characteristics, in‐hospital procedures performed, and the clinical outcomes.ResultsThe study included 223 patients. Diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 3.4, P = 0.014) and blood transfusion (OR 3.1, P = 0.0006) were identified as risk factors for prolonged hospitalization (≥ 8 days). Urgent colonoscopy (OR 0.41, P = 0.0072) predicted a shorter length of hospitalization (≤ 7 days). The study also indicated that endoscopic treatment showed a stronger association with urgent colonoscopy (OR 7.8, P < 0.0001) than with elective colonoscopy and that urgent colonoscopy was not associated with an increased rate of adverse events or re‐bleeding.ConclusionsCompared with elective colonoscopy, urgent colonoscopy shortens the length of hospitalization in patients with CDB. Moreover, it is not associated with an increased rate of adverse events. Urgent colonoscopy may be impracticable in a few cases; however, if possible, aggressive urgent colonoscopy should be considered for the efficient management of the patient's hospital stay.
Impact of Occlusal Intercuspal Angulation on the Quality of CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Crowns
Authors: Sadid‐Zadeh Ramtin , Li Rui , Patel Reena , Makowka Steven , Miller Lorin M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeModification of intercuspal angulation (ICA) influences the amount of tooth structure removal, which may impact the retention and resistance form of the preparation. This study evaluated the impact of ICA on the marginal gap of CAD/CAM crowns and the influence that tooth structure removal, caused by variation of ICA, has on the resistance and retention form of the preparation.Materials and MethodsSixty ivorine molars were manufactured with various ICAs (100°, 110°, 120°, 140°, 160°, and 180°; 10 per group). The preparations were digitized using an intraoral scanner, and the crowns were designed using a design software. The designed crowns were then manufactured from lithium disilicate using a 3‐axis milling machine, with the “detailed mode” selected for the manufacturing. The marginal gap of each crown was evaluated using a stereomicroscope at 20× magnification. Then, the marginal integrity and the resistance form of the preparation were assessed by tactile‐visual evaluation, and they were given a categorical score. Crowns were then secured on their associated preparations using a temporary luting agent, and retention force was measured on a universal testing machine under tension with a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Wilcoxon test followed by post‐hoc tests (α = 0.05) were used to evaluate the impact of the ICA on the marginal gap and the retention form of the preparation. Fisher's exact test followed by post‐hoc tests (α = 0.05) were used to assess the impact of the occlusal preparation design on the marginal integrity and the resistance form of the preparation.ResultsThe marginal gap was significantly larger for ICA‐180 preparations (72 μm), compared to the other groups (ICA‐180 vs ICA‐100, ICA‐110, ICA‐120, and ICA‐160 p = 0.0001; ICA‐180 vs. ICA‐140 p = 0.0017). None of the crowns for ICA‐180 preparations had clinically acceptable resistance form. Preparations with ICAs of 100°, 110°, and 120° had a significantly higher value of retention than the other groups (ICA‐100 vs. ICA‐120 p = 0.0119; ICA‐100 vs. ICA‐140, ICA‐160, and ICA‐180 p < 0.0001; ICA‐110 vs. ICA‐140, ICA‐160, and ICA‐180 p = 0.0001; ICA‐120 vs. ICA‐180 p = 0.0017).ConclusionsCrowns fabricated for preparations with various ICAs had clinically acceptable marginal adaptation. Variation in ICA impacts the loss of tooth structure. This loss of tooth structure may influence the resistance and retention form of the preparation.
Human Gingival Epithelial Growth In Vitro on a Polymer‐Infiltrated Ceramic Network Restorative Material
Authors: Smallidge Martin J. , Sabol Jennifer V. , Aita‐Holmes Cynthia , Chuang Henry , Dickinson Douglas P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the growth of primary human gingival epithelial (HGE) cells on polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material (Vita Enamic) with different surface roughnesses.Materials and MethodsPICN material specimens were polished with either silica carbide paper (grit‐polished) or the manufacturer's polishing wheels (wheel‐polished), and the surface roughness (Ra) measured. HGE cells were seeded and grown for 1, 3, or 6 days. Growth on tissue culture plastic was used as a control. Non‐linear regression analysis was used to examine the effect of surface roughness on cell growth.ResultsHGE cell growth on tissue culture plastic fitted an exponential growth model over the 6‐day experimental period (R2 = 0.966). Through day 6, cell density on PICN decreased with increasing surface roughness, with a fit to an exponential decay model (R2 = 0.666). A threshold Ra value of 0.254 μm (95% CI 0.177‐0.332) was determined as an upper limit for exponential growth. Cell growth was greatest on the group of specimens with Ra value below 0.127μm. Specimens polished by the manufacturer's method produced surface roughness of 0.118 μm and below.ConclusionsPICN material polished to a smooth surface (Ra < 0.254 μm) resulted in exponential growth of HGE cell growth compared to rough surfaces. Polishing PICN material as smooth as possible (below a Ra of 0.127 μm) was found to maximize epithelial cell growth on the PICN material surface. The manufacturer's polishing method achieved a sufficiently smooth surface. These results are contrary to previous research regarding surface roughness of transgingival implant restoration components. The study results suggest that smoother restorative material surfaces could improve peri‐implant soft tissue health.
Associations between G6PD, OATP1B1 and BLVRA variants and susceptibility to neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Li Yongpei , Wu Ting , Chen Ling , Zhu Yunxia 
Published: January 2019

AimHyperbilirubinaemia is a common disorder in newborns. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between G6PD 1388 G>A, SLCO1B1 rs4149056 and BLVRA rs699512 variants and the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in a Chinese neonate population.MethodsA total of 447 Chinese neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia were selected as the study group and 544 healthy subjects were recruited as the control group matched by baseline sex, age, feeding pattern and delivery mode. About 2 mL of peripheral venous blood was taken from all subjects. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of G6PD 1388 G>A, SLCO1B1 rs4149056 and BLVRA rs699512 loci were examined by the polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing technique in the peripheral blood of all subjects.ResultsFor the G6PD 1388 G>A SNP, individuals carrying the A‐allele were associated with a significantly increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.49, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31–1.67). This risk increased significantly in the CC genotype carriers at the rs4149056 locus of the SLCO1B1 gene (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.87–2.33), whereas it decreased significantly in individuals carrying the G‐allele at the rs699512 locus of the BLVRA gene (adjusted OR = 0.84, P = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.75–0.95). The G6PD 1388 G>A, SLCO1B1 rs4149056 and BLVRA rs699512 SNPs had a significant impact on serum total bilirubin levels. Moreover, individuals carrying the A‐allele of G6PD 1388 G>A and BLVRA rs699512 had a significantly increased risk of developing neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (OR = 5.01, P < 0.001, 95% CI: 3.42–7.85).ConclusionGenetic variants of bilirubin metabolism genes, including G6PD 1388 G>A, SLCO1B1 rs4149056 and BLVRA rs699512, are associated with the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia, and are potential markers for predicting the disorder.
First description of the environmental niche of the epibenthic dinoflagellate species Coolia palmyrensis, C. malayensis, and C. tropicalis (Dinophyceae) from Eastern Australia
Authors: Larsson Michaela E. , Smith Kirsty F. , Doblin Martina A. 
Published: January 2019

Environmental variables such as temperature, salinity, and irradiance are significant drivers of microalgal growth and distribution. Therefore, understanding how these variables influence fitness of potentially toxic microalgal species is particularly important. In this study, strains of the potentially harmful epibenthic dinoflagellate species Coolia palmyrensis, C. malayensis, and C. tropicalis were isolated from coastal shallow water habitats on the east coast of Australia and identified using the D1‐D3 region of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA). To determine the environmental niche of each taxon, growth was measured across a gradient of temperature (15–30°C), salinity (20–38), and irradiance (10–200 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1). Specific growth rates of Coolia tropicalis were highest under warm temperatures (27°C), low salinities (ca. 23), and intermediate irradiance levels (150 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1), while C. malayensis showed the highest growth at moderate temperatures (24°C) and irradiance levels (150 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1) and growth rates were consistent across the range of salinity levels tested (20–38). Coolia palmyrensis had the highest growth rate of all species tested and favored moderate temperatures (24°C), oceanic salinity (35), and high irradiance (>200 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1). This is the first study to characterize the environmental niche of species from the benthic harmful algal bloom genus Coolia and provides important information to help define species distributions and inform risk management.
Clinical features and determinants of chronicity in hepatitis E virus infection
Authors: Narayanan Shivakumar , Abutaleb Ameer , Sherman Kenneth E. , Kottilil Shyam 
Published: January 2019

SummaryHepatitis E virus (HEV) has traditionally been associated with an acute, self‐limiting hepatitis and is not known to have any chronic sequelae. HEV genotypes 1 and 2, which are human pathogens, have been associated with this self‐limiting presentation, in both sporadic and epidemic settings. HEV genotype 3, which is zoonotically transmitted, is increasingly being reported as a cause of chronic infection in immunocompromised patients. These include patients with solid organ transplants, patients receiving chemotherapy for haematologic malignancies and patients infected with HIV. Chronic infection is associated with rapidly progressing liver disease and extrahepatic manifestations including neurologic disorders. We review the clinical manifestations of chronic HEV infection and discuss factors determining persistence and chronicity of HEV.
Quantifying group size in the red fox: impacts of definition, season and intrusion by non‐residents
Authors: Dorning J. , Harris S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDetermining group membership is fundamental to studies of social behaviour and monitoring population changes. However, this can be challenging for ecologically important solitary‐foraging carnivores such as red foxes, which have flexible social systems. We used camera‐traps to quantify seasonal changes in rates of territory intrusion by non‐residents and compared group definitions based on shared space use (spatial overlap) and social encounters (spatiotemporal overlap). Group sizes based on spatial overlap were overestimated but incorporating a minimum number of sightings (sighting threshold) improved accuracy. Groups defined by spatiotemporal overlap were similar in size to those based on spatial overlap with a sighting threshold but included different individuals, highlighting the challenges of determining group membership. Groups were smallest in spring and summer and largest in autumn and winter because all definitions failed to exclude non‐residents during the mating and dispersal seasons. However, non‐residents were recorded year‐round: over half were known or probable neighbours, and so may be relatives of territory residents. Strangers were most common in winter, when non‐residents were more likely to be males in search of extra‐group copulations. We conclude that groups of territorial, solitary foragers may be defined more accurately by combining patterns of space use, sighting frequency and social connectivity rather than considering these measures in isolation. When social information is not available, spatial overlap measures should include a sighting threshold. Surveying several adjacent territories concurrently helps identify the origins, and motivations, of non‐resident visitors.
Catabolic pathway of arginine in Anabaena involves a novel bifunctional enzyme that produces proline from arginine
Authors: Burnat Mireia , Picossi Silvia , Valladares Ana , Herrero Antonia , Flores Enrique 
Published: January 2019

SummaryArginine participates widely in metabolic processes. The heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena catabolizes arginine to produce proline and glutamate, with concomitant release of ammonium, as major products. Analysis of mutant Anabaena strains showed that this catabolic pathway is the product of two genes, agrE (alr4995) and putA (alr0540). The predicted PutA protein is a conventional, bifunctional proline oxidase that produces glutamate from proline. In contrast, AgrE is a hitherto unrecognized enzyme that contains both an N‐terminal α/β propeller domain and a unique C‐terminal domain of previously unidentified function. In vitro analysis of the proteins expressed in Escherichia coli or Anabaena showed arginine dihydrolase activity of the N‐terminal domain and ornithine cyclodeaminase activity of the C‐terminal domain, overall producing proline from arginine. In the diazotrophic filaments of Anabaena, β‐aspartyl‐arginine dipeptide is transferred from the heterocysts to the vegetative cells, where it is cleaved producing aspartate and arginine. Both agrE and putA were found to be expressed at higher levels in vegetative cells than in heterocysts, implying that arginine is catabolized by the AgrE‐PutA pathway mainly in the vegetative cells. Expression in Anabaena of a homolog of the C‐terminal domain of AgrE obtained from Methanococcus maripaludis enabled us to identify an archaeal ornithine cyclodeaminase.
Antifungal activity of selected Malassezia indolic compounds detected in culture
Authors: Gaitanis Georgios , Magiatis Prokopios , Mexia Nikitia , Melliou Eleni , Efstratiou Maria A. , Bassukas Ioannis D. , Velegraki Aristea 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundMalassezia yeasts produce bioactive indolic substances when grown on L‐tryptophan agar. A panel of these substances was tested against commensal and opportunistic fungi, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined and the potential for in loco antifungal activity on the skin was assessed.Materials and MethodsEight indoles were included (malassezin, pityriacitrin, indirubin, indolo[3,2‐b]carbazole, 6‐formylindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole, tryptanthrin, 6‐hydroxymethylindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole and 6‐methylindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole) and were tested against 40 fungal strains [yeasts: Malassezia spp.(N = 9); Cryptococcus spp.(N = 10); Candida spp.(N = 7); Yarrowia lipolytica(N = 1); Exophialla dermatitidis (N = 2); moulds: Aspergillus spp.(N = 7); Fusarium spp.(N = 2); Rhizopus oryzae(N = 2)]. The concentration of 5/8 of the tested indoles on diseased skin was calculated from published data. Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney U tests were employed for group susceptibility evaluation in 33 strains.ResultsThe MIC range was 0.125‐32 μg/mL, and the median log2MIC was four. Indirubin was the most potent antifungal agent and differed significantly from the others. The highest median MIC was found for FICZ.Malassezia with Candida strains were more susceptible compared to Cryptococcus and Aspergillus, and this inhibitory activity was predicted to be valid also on human skin.ConclusionsMalassezia yeasts produce indolic species that inhibit an array of clinically significant yeasts and moulds.
Heterogeneous Treatment Under Regression Discontinuity Design: Application to Female High School Enrolment
Authors: Önder Yasi˙n Kürşat , Shamsuddin Mrittika 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper undertakes a regression discontinuity (RD) framework with multiple cutoffs unlike typical RD setting where researchers normalize the score variable and pool all the observations. This paper explores this heterogeneity in the effect of Islamic mayor on female secular high schooling in Turkey using the multiple cutoff RD framework developed in Cattaneo et al. (2016). The presence of many parties in the 1994 municipality election in Turkey means that vote share of the strongest opponent party can vary substantially leading to different cutoffs. Meyersson (2014) finds that Islamic mayors of 1994 promoted female high schooling using a normalized and pooled RD framework, which averages the effect across all the different cutoffs. We extend his work by segregating the effect of Islamic mayor across different opponent party's vote shares. Our results suggest that the positive effect on female secular high school attainment was more pronounced in municipalities where the strongest opponent party was secular than where the opponent was conservative. This heterogeneity can be attributed to a policy change in 1999, which restricted religious high school graduates from entering universities.
On the Sources of the Feldstein–Horioka Puzzle across Time and Frequencies
Authors: Ko Jun‐Hyung , Funashima Yoshito 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study quantitatively assesses existing explanations for the Feldstein–Horioka puzzle using time–frequency domain analyses for nine countries for the period 1885–2010. The main findings are summarized as follows. First, large economies (e.g. the United States, Italy) show higher correlations between saving and investment than middle‐sized and small countries do. Second, countries can be grouped into two time‐changing patterns of correlations: inverted U‐shaped and increasing patterns. Third, the fiscal balance seems most related to a positive saving‐investment correlation in many countries. Fourth, a global common factor plays an important role in explaining the Feldstein–Horioka puzzle.
The construction of a queer rhizomatic hermeneutics through an exploration of Dennis Cooper'sHTMLnovels
Authors: Barrows Cameron 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDennis Cooper's latest project, a series ofHTMLnovels composed entirely ofGIFs,Zac's Haunted Housepublished by Kiddiepunk, showcases the changing literary times and styles. As literature and the Internet become further integrated, our hermeneutical theory and praxis of style must change as well. The influence of the Internet upon the written word is irreversible and has ushered in paradigmatic change. The central question of classical hermeneutics, the relations between writing and the word, and the word to the event has become obfuscated in our digital age. Cooper'sHTMLnovels explicitly play with questions of digital hermeneutics pushing the horizons and perhaps calling for a queer rhizomatic hermeneutics of style. Through his emphasis on structure over narrative, Cooper develops a phenomenology of the digital. Cooper'sHTMLnovel forces the reader to engage in a rhizomatic hermeneutics of the imaginary, that is to say, one must allow the text to develop into multiplicities of worlds, then enter and explore those multiplicities with all the paradoxes and syntheses inherent in them. Cooper's new texts not only question the limits of reading, but also question our hermeneutical methodology and analyses, thus prompting reinterpretation of our understanding of style and its hermeneutical and rhizomatic conceptualizations.
Outcome of a High‐Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (hfTENS) Device for Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jamison Robert N. , Wan Limeng , Edwards Robert R. , Mei Anna , Ross Edgar L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis controlled trial examined the benefit of a high‐frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (hfTENS) device (the Quell, NeuroMetrix, Inc., Waltham, MA, U.S.A.) for patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).MethodsThirty‐five (n = 35) participants were randomly assigned to use the device each day for 3 months (experimental group) and were compared with 33 subjects without the device (treatment‐as‐usual control group). All patients were instructed to complete baseline questionnaires and were assessed on thresholds of pressure pain and mechanical temporal summation as part of standardized quantitative sensory testing (QST). The subjects also uploaded smartphone applications (apps) for tracking use of the hfTENS and for daily pain assessment. Each participant completed weekly phone interviews, was prompted to complete daily pain app assessments, and was asked to repeat the baseline questionnaires again after 6 weeks and 3 months.ResultsSixty percent of the subjects were female, 77.9% were Caucasian, and the average age was 46.2 years. Significant reductions in pain intensity (P < 0.01) and activity interference (P < 0.025) and significant improvements in pain catastrophizing (P < 0.025) were noted in the experimental group compared with the control group. No group differences were found on depression, anxiety, or pain‐related disability. Older subjects with a longer duration of pain tended to use the hfTENS more often. Subjects who showed greater sensitivity based on QST results revealed increased use of the hfTENS (P < 0.025) and tended to believe that the hfTENS was more helpful in reducing their back pain, but these findings did not reach significance (P = 0.09).ConclusionThese results suggest that hfTENS can have a moderate effect in reducing pain and improving quality of life in low back pain patients. Further trials designed to determine the mechanism of action of the hfTENS are needed.