bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Industry Payments to Physicians with Prescription of Brand‐Name Intranasal Corticosteroids
Authors: Morse Elliot , Fujiwara Rance J. T. , Mehra Saral 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the association of industry payments for brand‐name intranasal corticosteroids with prescribing patterns.Study DesignCross‐sectional retrospective analysis.SettingNationwide.Subjects and MethodsWe identified physicians prescribing intranasal corticosteroids to Medicare beneficiaries 2014‐2015 and physicians receiving payment for the brand‐name intranasal corticosteroids Dymista and Nasonex. Prescription and payment data were linked by physician, and we compared the proportion of prescriptions written for brand‐name intranasal corticosteroids in industry‐compensated vs non‐industry‐compensated physicians. We associated the number and dollar amount of industry payments with the relative frequency of brand‐name prescriptions.ResultsIn total, 164,587 physicians prescribing intranasal corticosteroids were identified, including 7937 (5%) otolaryngologists; 10,800 and 3886 physicians received industry compensation for Dymista and Nasonex, respectively. Physicians receiving industry payment for Dymista prescribed more Dymista as a proportion of total intranasal corticosteroid prescriptions than noncompensated physicians (3.1% [SD = 9.6%] vs 0.2% [SD = 2.5%], respectively, P <. 001). Similar trends were seen for Nasonex (12.0% [SD = 16.8%] vs 4.8% [SD = 13.6%], P <. 001). The number and dollar amount of payment were significantly correlated to the relative frequency of Dymista (ρ = 0.26, P <. 001 and ρ = 0.20, P <. 001, respectively) and Nasonex prescriptions (ρ = 0.09, P <. 001 and ρ = 0.15, P <. 001, respectively). For Dymista, this association was stronger in otolaryngologists than general practitioners (P <. 001). There was a stronger correlation between the percentage of prescriptions and the number and dollar amount of payments for Dymista than for Nasonex (P =. 014 and P <. 001).ConclusionsIndustry compensation for brand‐name intranasal corticosteroids is significantly associated with prescribing patterns. The magnitude of association may depend on physician specialty and the drug's time on the market.
Comparison of Outcomes in Medical Therapy vs Surgical Intervention of Esophageal Foreign Bodies
Authors: Lin Austin Y. , Tillman Brittny N. , Thatcher Aaron L. , Graves Casey R. , Prince Mark E. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives(1) Compare efficacy of primary medical therapy vs primary surgical intervention in patients with esophageal foreign bodies (EFBs). (2) Investigate variables that may predict successful outcomes in patients treated for EFBs.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingSingle‐institution academic tertiary care medical center.Subjects and MethodsAdult patients (older than 18 years) seen at the University of Michigan Emergency Department (ED) over an 8‐year period with the diagnosis of EFBs (January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2011; N = 250). Decision was made by ED physicians whether to treat patients with first‐line medical therapy vs surgical intervention. Pertinent clinical and demographic data were extracted from medical records and summarized by descriptive statistics.ResultsFirst‐line treatment with surgical intervention (flexible or rigid esophagoscopy with foreign body removal) was much more likely to lead to resolution of symptoms than medical therapy (glucagon alone or in combination with other medical therapy) (98% vs 28%, P <. 0001). When delivered within 12 hours of symptom onset, medical therapy was more likely to be successful (34% resolution vs 12% resolution, P <. 01). There was no difference in complication rates for primary medical therapy vs surgical intervention (8% vs 8%).ConclusionsPatients with EFBs are a commonly encountered consultation for both otolaryngologists and gastroenterologists. In these patients, first‐line surgical intervention is superior to medical therapy and should not be avoided for a trial of medical therapy or concern for higher morbidity. Implementation of these findings has the ability to positively affect treatment patterns, outcomes, and patient quality of life.
A study of measurement properties of the Life-Space Assessment questionnaire in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Garcia Isabel Fialho Fontenele , Tiuganji Carina Tiemi , Simões Maria do Socorro Morais Pereira , Lunardi Adriana Claudia 
Published: June 2018

Objective: To test the measurement properties (reliability, interpretability, and validity) of the Life-Space Assessment questionnaire for older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Design: Clinimetric study. Setting: Pneumology service, ambulatory care, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Participants: Consecutive sample of older adults ( n = 62; 38 (61%) men, 24 (39%) women) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Interventions: Not applicable. Main outcome measures: Life-Space Assessment questionnaire assesses five space levels visited by the older adult in four weeks prior to the assessment. We tested the following measurement properties of this questionnaire: reliability (reproducibility assessed by a type-2,1 intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1); internal consistency assessed by the Cronbach’s alpha; measurement error by determining the standard error of measurement (SEM)), interpretability (minimum detectable change with 90% confidence (MDC90); ceiling and floor effects by calculating the proportion of participants who achieved the minimum and maximum scores), and validity by Pearson’s correlation test between the Life-Space Assessment questionnaire scores and number of daily steps assessed by accelerometry. Results: Reproducibility (ICC2,1) was 0.90 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–0.94), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) was 0.80 (range = 0.76–0.80 for each item deleted). SEM was 3.65 points (3%), the MDC90 was 0.20 points, and we observed no ceiling (2%) or floor (6%) effects. We observed an association between the score of the Life-Space Assessment questionnaire and daily steps ( r = 0.43; P = 0.01). Conclusion: Life-Space Assessment questionnaire shows adequate measurement properties for the assessment of life-space mobility in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Twenty-four-hour blood pressure variability plays a detrimental role in the neurological outcome of hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Zhang Huan-Xin , Fan Qun-Xiong , Xue Shi-Zhen , Zhang Min , Zhao Ji-Xian 
Published: June 2018

Background Blood pressure variability (BPV) is a modifiable risk factor for stroke. This study was performed to determine the prognostic role of BPV in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke. Methods The data of 131 hospitalized hypertensive patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) were collected. All patients underwent examinations using several neurological scales (Glasgow Coma Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and modified Rankin scale [mRS]) and BP measurements at different time points. Results Sex, age, hematoma volume, and neurological scores were not significantly different between patients with a favorable and unfavorable prognosis for sICH. However, significant differences were found in hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and stroke history. The standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and maximum–minimum range (Max–Min) of diastolic BP and the mean, SD, CV, and Max–Min of systolic BP significantly differed between the groups. Statistical analysis also demonstrated correlations between the 90-day mRS score and BPV and between systolic BPV and the 90-day mRS score. Conclusion High systolic or diastolic BPV within 24 hours of hemorrhagic stroke onset is associated with the 90-day neurological prognosis. The 24-hour BPV plays a critical role in the neurological outcome of hemorrhagic stroke.
High Rate of Return to High-Intensity Interval Training After Arthroscopic Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Riff Andrew J. , Ukwuani Gift , Clapp Ian , Movassaghi Kamran , Kelly D. Michael , Nho Shane J. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Since the inception of CrossFit in 2000, the popularity of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the United States has risen dramatically. While HIIT is a highly efficient exercise for weight loss and improved conditioning, some literature reports injuries in up to 34% of HIIT participants. We sought to evaluate the functional and sports-specific results of hip arthroscopic surgery in recreational HIIT participants. Purpose: To evaluate patients’ ability to return to HIIT after hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Consecutive patients with FAIS who had identified themselves as participating in HIIT and had undergone hip arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of FAIS by a single fellowship-trained surgeon between 2012 and 2015 were reviewed. Demographic data; preoperative physical examination findings; preoperative imaging results; preoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores including the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Score–Sports-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain; and postoperative examination and PRO scores at a minimum 2 years after surgery, including a HIIT-specific questionnaire, were assessed for all patients. Results: Thirty-two patients (13 male, 19 female) with a mean age of 34.7 ± 6.9 years (range, 21-49 years) were identified with a minimum 24-month follow-up. Among these, 22 participated in CrossFit, 4 in Shred415, 3 in Orangetheory, and 3 in self-directed cross-training including plyometrics. Preoperatively, 14 patients had discontinued HIIT because of activity-related hip complaints, 17 patients had scaled back involvement in HIIT, and 1 patient maintained her baseline routine. Postoperatively, 28 of 32 patients (88%) returned to HIIT at a mean of 9.8 ± 5.7 months after surgery (range, 3-24 months); 96% returned to HIIT at the same level as or better than before the injury. Fear of reinjury was the most common reason for cessation (3/4). Preinjury and postoperative involvement in HIIT were comparable (5.3 vs 5.1 h/wk, respectively; P = .8). All patients had significant improvements in the HOS-ADL score (69.7 ± 17.3 to 94.2 ± 8.4; P < .001), HOS-SSS score (49.2 ± 21.2 to 83.3 ± 21.4; P < .001), mHHS score (59.9 ± 14.2 to 85.4 ± 11.6; P < .001), and VAS for pain score (7.5 ± 1.8 to 1.1 ± 1.3; P < .001) from preoperatively to postoperatively. Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment of FAIS in recreational HIIT participants resulted in significant improvements in hip function and predictably high rates of patient satisfaction. Postoperatively, 88% of patients returned to HIIT, 44% noted improvement from preinjury HIIT performance, and the mean weekly participation was comparable with before the injury.
NIR in vivo imaging of blood flow and molecular distribution in a developing fish egg are simultaneously obtained using imaging-type two-dimensional Fourier spectroscopy
Authors: Ishigaki Mika 
Published: June 2018

In the present report, I introduce our recent research about non-staining blood flow imaging of Japanese medaka fish egg ( Oryzias latipes) using an imaging-type two-dimensional Fourier spectroscopic system. Due to optical interference caused by optical path differences and light frequency shifts that were given by a partial movable mirror and Doppler effect, respectively, molecular vibration and heart beat signals can be simultaneously obtained in vivo. Therefore, non-staining blood flow images were successfully obtained by plotting light intensities associated with the heart beat, and molecular distributions of O–H (water) and C–H (hydrocarbons or aliphatic compounds) were visualized without staining. I additionally discuss about future applications of the imaging system to biological and biomedical research.
Longitudinal 3D Assessment of Facial Asymmetry in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Al-Rudainy Dhelal , Ju Xiangyang , Mehendale Felicity V. , Ayoub Ashraf 
Published: June 2018

Objective: Longitudinal evaluation of asymmetry of the surgically managed unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) to assess the impact of facial growth on facial appearance. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom Patients: Fifteen UCLP infants. Method: The 3-D facial images were captured before surgery, 4 months after surgery, and at 4-year follow-up using stereophotogrammetry. A generic mesh which is a mathematical facial mask that consists of thousands of points (vertices) was conformed on the generated 3-D images. Using Procustean analysis, an average facial mesh was obtained for each age-group. A mirror image of each average mesh was mathematically obtained for the analysis of facial dysmorphology. Facial asymmetry was assessed by measuring the distances between the corresponding vertices of the original and the mirror copy of the conformed meshes, and this was displayed in color-coded map. Results: There was a clear improvement in the facial asymmetry following the primary repair of cleft lip. Residual asymmetry was detected around the nasolabial region. The nasolabial region was the most asymmetrical region of the face; the philtrum, columella, and the vermillion border of the upper lip showed the maximum asymmetry which was more than 5 mm. Facial growth accentuated the underlying facial asymmetry in 3 directions; the philtrum of the upper lip was deviated toward the scar tissue on the cleft side. The asymmetry of the nose was significantly worse at 4-year follow-up ( P < .05). Conclusion: The residual asymmetry following the surgical repair of UCLP was more pronounced at 4 years following surgery. The conformed facial mesh provided a reliable and innovative tool for the comprehensive analysis of facial morphology in UCLP. The study highlights the need of refining the primary repair of the cleft and the potential necessity for further corrective surgery.
Chronic Stress in Children and Adolescents: A Review of Biomarkers for Use in Pediatric Research
Authors: Condon Eileen M. 
Published: June 2018

Problem:Incorporating biomarkers of chronic stress into pediatric research studies may help to explicate the links between exposure to adversity and lifelong health, but there are currently very few parameters to guide nurse researchers in choosing appropriate biomarkers of chronic stress for use in research with children and adolescents.Methods:Biomarkers of chronic stress are described, including primary mediators (glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and cytokines) and secondary outcomes (neurologic, immune, metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and anthropometric) of the chronic stress response.Results:Evidence of the use of each biomarker in pediatric research studies is reviewed. Recommendations for pediatric researchers, including selection of appropriate biomarkers, measurement considerations, potential moderators, and future directions for research, are presented.Discussion:A wide range of biomarkers is available for use in research studies with children. While primary mediators of chronic stress have been frequently measured in studies of children, measurement of secondary outcomes, particularly immune and metabolic biomarkers, has been limited. With thoughtful and theoretically based approaches to selection and measurement, these biomarkers present an important opportunity to further explore the physiologic pathways linking exposure to chronic stress with later health and disease.Conclusion:The incorporation of chronic stress biomarkers into pediatric research studies may provide valuable insight into the mechanisms through which stressful environments “get under the skin” and ultimately inform efforts to promote health and reduce inequities among children exposed to adversity.
Incidence and impact of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies in clinical trials of severe traumatic brain injury: A systematic review
Authors: Leblanc Guillaume , Boutin Amélie , Shemilt Michèle , Lauzier François , Moore Lynne , Potvin Véronique , Zarychanski Ryan , Archambault Patrick , Lamontagne François , Léger Caroline , Turgeon Alexis F 
Published: June 2018

Background Most deaths following severe traumatic brain injury follow decisions to withdraw life-sustaining therapies. However, the incidence of the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies and its potential impact on research data interpretation have been poorly characterized. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the reporting and the impact of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies in randomized clinical trials of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, BIOSIS, and CINAHL databases and references of included trials. All randomized controlled trials published between January 2002 and August 2015 in the six highest impact journals in general medicine, critical care medicine, and neurocritical care (total of 18 journals) were considered for eligibility. Randomized controlled trials were included if they enrolled adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8) and reported data on mortality. Our primary objective was to assess the proportion of trials reporting the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies in a publication. Our secondary objectives were to describe the overall mortality rate, the proportion of deaths following the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies, and to assess the impact of the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies on trial results. Results From 5987 citations retrieved, we included 41 randomized trials (n = 16,364, ranging from 11 to 10,008 patients). Overall mortality was 23% (range = 3%–57%). Withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies was reported in 20% of trials (8/41, 932 patients in trials) and the crude number of deaths due to the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies was reported in 17% of trials (7/41, 884 patients in trials). In these trials, 63% of deaths were associated with the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies (105/168). An analysis carried out by imputing a 4% differential rate in instances of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies between study groups yielded different results and conclusions in one third of the trials. Conclusion Data on the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies are incompletely reported in randomized controlled trials of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Given the high proportion of deaths due to the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies in severe traumatic brain injury patients, and the potential of this medical decision to influence the results of clinical trials, instances of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies should be systematically reported in clinical trials in this group of patients.
Evaluation of a Smoking Prevention Intervention Aimed at Youth: Pataclope
Authors: Loiseau Stéphanie , Le Cain Anne , Sasco Annie J. , Mourouga Philippe , Sancho-Garnier Hélème 
Published: June 2018

Tobacco is responsible for 66,000 deaths per year in France, which makes it one of the most important national public health priorities. Preadolescents, at the age where this addiction usually begins, are a particularly interesting target group for the implementation of prevention activities. It is for this reason that in 1990, the French National League against Cancer established a set of non-smoking youth clubs (“Pataclope”) of which the main objective is to prevent adolescents from starting to smoke. An evaluation programme was put into place in 1999 in order to better understand the impact of these clubs on the prevalence of smoking in 15 year olds, which corresponds to the age of former participants one year after leaving the clubs. A comparison between a group of youth having participated in the Pataclope clubs and a group of adolescents taken from the general population was carried out at the national level. Those selected were 15 years of age and were in high school. An anonymous self-questionnaire on their tobacco habits and factors of addiction was distributed to the two groups. The analysis involved a total of 3274 questionnaires, 899 of which were from Pataclope participants and 2375 from the sample population. The primary results show that the prevalence rates according to sex essentially mirror those of the Baromètre santé 2000, among other accepted statistics (25.5% for girls and 19.9% for boys versus 31.6% for girls and 18.1% for boys in the Baromètre santé 2000). One year after leaving the clubs, the former Pataclope members see their risk of becoming a smoker reduced by 26% with respect to those who were not club members (OR = .74 adjusted for the factors of addiction), within a model which regroups smokers and ex-smokers versus non-smokers. In utilising this model which takes into account the ex-smokers and smokers as two distinct categories (the reference always being non-smokers), the reduction of risk in being a smoker is always significant, and goes up to 50% less risk (OR= 0.5) for members of Pataclope. The probability of being an ex-smoker is identical in the two groups: given that once one has taken up smoking, the Pataclope members present the same smoking behaviours as the general population (same consumption, same age of quitting, and the same frequency of quitting). The activity of the Pataclope clubs has been encouraging in at least slowing or hindering the commencement of smoking in youth aged 15 years. However, these results require a confirmation in the long term. The lack of impact on the ex-smokers tends to demonstrate that the mesSAGE of clubs reinforces a non-smoking behaviour but remains ineffective on quitting, once smoking has been taken up.