bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement and stabilization of rice production by delaying sowing date in irrigated rice system in central China
Authors: Tu Debao , Jiang Yang , Liu Min , Zhang Lijuan , Chen Linlin , Cai Mingli , Ling Xiaoxia , Zhan Ming , Li Chengfang , Wang Jinping , Cao Cougui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDClimate change has posed great challenges to rice production. Temperature and solar radiation show significant variations in central China. This study aims to analyze the responses of different rice genotypes to the variations of temperature and solar radiation in central China, and to find the way of identifying the optimal sowing date to improve and stabilize rice production. For this end, four rice genotypes (two Indica and two Japonica cultivars) were cultivated at two locations under irrigation conditions in 2 years with six sowing dates.RESULTSWe investigated variations of rice grain yield, resource use efficiency, average daily temperature and solar radiation during different phenological stages.Rice grain yield could increase by about 2–17% in central China. Compared with solar radiation, temperature was a more important factor affecting rice grain yield in central China. The grain yield showed great correlation with the means temperature during different phenological stages, especially during the first 20 days after heading (GT20). Besides our results demonstrated that the grain yield displayed slender variations when the GT20 was within 24.9–26.4 °C. However, GT20 was higher than 26.4 °C in most cases, which became more frequent due to climate changes. Analysis of climate change during the last 25 years revealed that the frequency of GT20 within 24.9–26.4 °C was increased by the delay of sowing date.CONCLUSIONWe propose that delaying sowing date to achieve the optimal GT20 (24.9 °C–26.4 °C) can be an effective strategy to stabilize and improve rice grain yield and resource use efficiency in central China. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Accuracy of the minimal leak test for endotracheal cuff pressure monitoring
Authors: Selman Yamil , Arciniegas Rafael , Sabra Joseph M. , Ferreira Tanira D. , Arnold David J. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the accuracy of the minimum leak test as a surrogate for target endotracheal cuff pressure of 20–30 cm H2O in intubated patients.MethodsCuff pressures were measured at the University of Miami Hospital using the minimum leak test on every intubated patient once per shift, then cuff pressure was reevaluated using handheld numerical manometers and recorded pressures above or below the target range, readjusting the pressure as needed. This assessment was repeated throughout each patient's intubation for up to 6 days. The readjustment rate of the test and the probability of a patient needing at least one adjustment were determined.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐two patients were evaluated. Median age was 67 years (range 29–95), 52% were male, 48% were female. Patients were followed for an average of 4.7 days. Seven hundred twenty‐two minimum leak tests were performed. Of these, 170 required readjustment into the target range (24% readjustment rate). Of the tests outside target range, 66% of cuffs were overinflated and 34% were underinflated. Fifty‐five percent of patients required at least one adjustment.ConclusionDespite ubiquitous use of the minimum leak test for endotracheal cuff pressure adjustment, the test has an unacceptably high error rate resulting in cuff pressures above or below the target range. Most patients will require at least one adjustment throughout an intubation, putting them at risk for tracheal injury, stenosis, or leak and aspiration. The minimum leak test is not sufficiently accurate for endotracheal cuff pressure monitoring. Formal manometry is superior and should be used to optimize patient outcomes.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1646–1650, 2020
Ten‐Year Reflections on the Neurophysiological Abnormalities of Focal Dystonias in Humans
Authors: Conte Antonella , Rocchi Lorenzo , Latorre Anna , Belvisi Daniele , Rothwell John C. , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe physiological landscape of dystonia has changed considerably over the past 10 years. Initial ideas that dystonic motor symptoms could be explained by a combination of loss of inhibition and increased plasticity, together with subtle deficits in sensory processing, have been questioned, whereas the possible role of the cerebellum has risen in importance. In addition, it has been recognized that symptoms affect more than just the motor and sensory systems and encompass independent cognitive and psychological changes. Finally, it has become clear that, despite similarities in symptoms, there may be pathophysiological differences between idiopathic, inherited, and acquired forms of dystonia. In other words, progress in the pathophysiology of dystonia has followed the usual pattern from an initial phase in which core deficits are readily explained by highly simplified models to a realization that within a highly interconnected network, effects are more nuanced with widespread changes that might either compensate or contribute to the clinical symptoms to different degrees in different individuals. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Use of the transverse branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery as a landmark facilitating identification and dissection of the deep branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery for free flap pedicle: Anatomical study and clinical applications
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Yamamoto Takumi , Hayashi Akitatsu , Fuse Yuma , Karakawa Ryo , Iida Takuya , Narushima Mitsunaga , Tanakura Kenta , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Tzou Chieh Han John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe deep branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) should be included when a large superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap is necessary, or when anatomical structures perfused by the deep branch are procured. The aim of this study was first to describe the anatomical features of the “transverse branch” of the deep branch of the SCIA in cadavers, and then to assess the efficacy of its use as a landmark for identification and dissection of the deep branch of the SCIA through clinical applications.MethodsTwenty groin regions from 10 cadavers were dissected. The course and the takeoff point of the transverse branch were documented. With the transverse branch used as a landmark for pedicle dissection, 27 patients (16 males and 11 females) with an average age of 51.7 years underwent reconstructions that used vascularized structures nourished by the deep branch of the SCIA. Aside from the skin paddle, an iliac bone flap was used in 10 cases, a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve flap in four cases, and a sartorius muscle flap in three cases. The defect locations included the head (seven cases), the foot (six cases), the hand (six cases), the arm (five cases), and the leg (three cases). The causes of reconstruction were tumors in 13 patients, trauma in six patients, infection in four patients, surgical procedures in three patients, and refractory ulcer in one patient.ResultsIn all specimens, the transverse branch was found underneath the deep fascia caudal to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). The average distance from the ASIS to the transverse branch was 25.5 ± 13.0 mm (range, 5–50 mm). The average dimension of the flap was 13.1 × 5.9 cm2. All the flaps survived completely after the surgery; lymphorrhea was seen in one patient at the donor site. The average follow‐up period was 12.9 months (range, from 2 to 42 months), and all patients had good functional recovery with satisfactory esthetic results.ConclusionsThe transverse branch was found in all specimens, branching from the deep branch of the SCIA. Successful results were achieved by using it as the landmark for identification and dissection of the deep branch of the SCIA. This method allows safe elevation of a large SCIP flap or a chimeric SCIP flap.
An MIP formulation for the open location‐routing problem considering the topological characteristic of the solution‐paths
Authors: Granada Mauricio , Toro Eliana M. , Gallego Ramón 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the open location‐routing problem (OLRP), one has a set of candidate depots to be installed and the vehicles start from the depot, visit all customers, and are not required to return to the depot after completing their service. Thus, the OLRP involves the problems of facility location and open vehicle routing. In this paper, a new mixed integer programming formulation for the OLRP is presented by proposing a set of constraints to obtain valid solutions formed by a graph consisting of a spanning tree in each connected component of the graph. This approach results in an alternative way of avoiding generating subtours, which significantly simplifies the set of constraints associated with the connectivity of the solution and the vehicle capacity requirements. The computational results show that the proposed formulation is competitive against state of‐the‐art methods for this type of problems.
Stationary single waves in turbulent free‐surface flows
Authors: Stojanovic Mario , Schneider Wilhelm , Murschenhofer Dominik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStationary near‐critical turbulent open‐channel flow is considered. Allowing for locally enlarged roughness of the inclined bottom leads to the development of a stationary single wave. The waveform of the free surface is the key interest of this work. The flow is assumed to be fully developed far upstream and far downstream. In order to obtain the shape of the surface elevation as a result of the full equations of motion, an iteration procedure is used, which was successfully applied to the related problem of the undular hydraulic jump [1]. In addition to the classical solitary wave, the so‐called single wave of the second kind is studied numerically. The numerical results are compared with theoretical predictions and experimental data.
Modeling of hydraulically induced fractures in elastic‐plastic solids
Authors: Kienle Daniel , Keip Marc-André 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFracking, i.e. inducing fractures by hydraulic means, is a technique used for extraction of gas and petroleum from rock formations in the subsurface. Thereby a well is stimulated via fractures induced by a pressurized fluid which is injected into the wellbore. This leads to an increased permeability within the deep‐rock formations and finally to an increased flow of petroleum and natural gas out of the well. Because of its risks due to environmental issues, such as increased seismic activity or drinking water contamination, this technique is highly controversial in many countries. Numerical simulations can be used to gain a profound understanding of the involved physical processes leading to more precise estimates of associated risks and potentials. Of course, reliable numerical simulations must be based on accurate models and stable algorithms.Many of the existing models for hydraulically induced fractures are based on the assumption that the solid skeleton undergoes only non‐dissipative elastic deformations. However, there is experimental evidence that field measurements (e.g. net pressure) cannot be described with an elastic material law [1]. Hence we propose a framework that accounts also for dissipative plastic deformations within the solid skeleton. The elastic‐plastic material behavior is described by a Drucker–Prager‐type plasticity model based on [2,3]. It is linked to an elastic‐plastic failure criterion that drives the fractures. The fractures in turn are modeled by a phase‐field approach characterizing a regularization of a crack surface that converges for vanishing length‐scale parameter to a sharp crack [4]. Fluid contribution and interaction are incorporated by a Darcy–Biot‐type constitutive formulation [5]. By means of a representative numerical example the model capabilities are demonstrated.
Experimental investigation on the thermal length expansion of direct laser writing material
Authors: Huang Wenjie , de Payrebrune Kristin M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe interest in micro applications increases in recent years due to new methods of fabrication. One fabrication process is direct laser writing, which can fabricate high‐precision structures in the micrometer range. The material properties of the micro structures are related to the writing parameters, such as laser power, scan speed, distance between written lines and writing direction. This work presents investigations of the thermal length expansion coefficients of a laser‐written polymer in regard to laser power. To this end cantilever structures are fabricated. The small cantilevers are heated and their length expansions observed using a microscope. Images of the cantilevers at different temperatures are taken and by image post processing, the change in length and their coefficients of thermal expansion is determined.
The reaction paths of CH2O decomposition on CuO(111) surface: A DFT study
Authors: Cao Zheliang , Zhang Wei , Ding Ruiqin , Wang Ju , Pu Min , Yang Zuoyin , Lei Ming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe dehydrogenation of formaldehyde (CH2O) on the clean CuO(111) surface and O/OH preadsorbed CuO(111) surface is investigated using density functional theory (DFT) method. The adsorption structures and energies of stationary points in this reaction are explored to map the whole reaction network. The calculated results indicate that the primary intermediates CH2O, CH2O2, and CHO2 prefer to adsorb at the Cusub sites and HCO prefers to adsorb at the Osuf sites. CH2O directly dehydrogenates through the pathway of CH2O → HCO → CO on the CuO(111) surface. In the presence of adsorbed oxygen or hydroxyl species, CH2O directly combines with O or OH on CuO(111) surface, leading to another pathway via CH2O → CH2O2 → CHO2 → CO2. And the preadsorbed O and OH could promote the C–H bond activation of CH2O, HCO, CH2O2, and CHO2 species.
Rheological Considerations for Binder Development in Direct Ink Writing of Energetic Materials
Authors: Woods Hannah , Boddorff Andrew , Ewaldz Elena , Adams Zachary , Ketcham Mitchell , Jang Dong June , Sinner Elizabeth , Thadhani Naresh , Brettmann Blair 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing is a promising approach to prepare highly specifically defined materials with unique dimensions, gradients in material attributes and on‐demand properties. For energetic materials applications, it is particularly exciting for its potential to create lattice and cellular structures and gradient solids to focus or dissipate energy. However, there are significant challenges to overcome, particularly in obtaining the very high particle content (>80 vol % particles), while still being manufacturable. This work focuses on the polymer binder used in an energetic materials system and aims to understand how its characteristics affect the viscosity and printability of the suspension. Two different types of polymer binders are examined: (a) high molecular weight polymer in a solvent and (b) polymerizable smaller molecules that were cured via UV light. We show that the suspension viscosity is primarily controlled by the particle volume fraction for the UV curable binder, while both the particle volume fraction and polymer molecular weight influence the response in the case of the polymer/solvent binder. Both binder types can be tuned to provide printable suspensions that result in lines of consistent width and 3D disc‐shaped objects, indicating that both paths are good potential directions for future formulations for polymer bonded explosives prepared via additive manufacturing.
A Fuel‐Driven Chemical Reaction Network Based on Conjugate Addition and Elimination Chemistry
Authors: Fan Bowen , Men Yongjun , van Rossum Susan A. P. , Li Guotai , Eelkema Rienk 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFuel‐driven chemical reaction networks provide an opportunity to develop chemical systems that operate out‐of‐equilibrium. There remains a need to design and develop new fuel‐driven chemical reaction networks capable of repeated operation using simple and benign chemistry. Herein, we propose a new chemical reaction network for fuel‐driven transient formation of covalent bonds, based on redox‐controlled conjugate addition and elimination chemistry. By investigating the separate reactions making up the cycle, we find that the bond formation, breaking and regeneration processes can be realized. At present, substantial side reactivity prevents achieving repeated operation of a full cycle in a single system. If such obstacles would be overcome, this chemical reaction network could be a valuable addition to the toolbox for out‐of‐equilibrium systems chemistry.
Raman spectroscopic analysis of saliva for the diagnosis of oral cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Calado Genecy , Behl Isha , Daniel Amuthachelvi , Byrne Hugh J. , Lyng Fiona M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and new protocols for routine and early detection are required. Raman spectroscopy is an optical based method that can provide sensitive and non‐invasive real time detailed information on the biochemical content of a sample like saliva, through the unique vibrations of its constituent molecules and this is sensitive to changes associated with disease. A comprehensive systematic review of the available scientific literature related to Raman spectroscopy of human saliva for diagnosis of OSCC was performed. The 785 nm laser line was most applied wavelength along with principal components analysis associated with linear discriminant analysis. The main salivary components possibly associated with the presence of OSCC were proteins and lipids. Measurement in the liquid physical state, and with no addition of nanoparticles for signal enhancement, seemed to best conserve the salivary integrity. However, in terms of sampling protocols, no differentiation was generally made between stimulated and non‐stimulated saliva. Raman spectroscopy of saliva holds a promising future for clinical applications such as early detection of OSCC. However, more systematic analyses are still required for a better elucidation regarding sampling procedure, storage and degradation.
Reducing the prior‐knowledge achievement gap by using technology‐assisted guided learning in an undergraduate chemistry course
Authors: Lou Anna J. , Jaeggi Susanne M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere have been many practical obstacles for teachers to implement evidence‐based educational technology, especially in STEM classrooms. By implementing learning principles related to Cognitive Load Theory, we developed an innovative Technology‐Assisted Guided Learning (TAGL) approach and its web‐based instructional tool, combining expertise from educational research and best teaching practices to enhance guided student‐centered learning in chemistry. A total of 185 community college students were randomly assigned to learn stoichiometry through either TAGL or one of two active control interventions, traditional direct instruction and Khan Academy, a widely used web learning platform. We found that the TAGL group significantly outperformed both active control groups immediately after instruction, and furthermore, despite the fact that all groups received additional instruction in stoichiometry, the beneficial effects of TAGL compared to the control groups were maintained a month later. Notably, TAGL was able to eliminate the achievement gap between students with low prior knowledge and students with high prior knowledge. Furthermore, prior‐knowledge activation was found to be especially beneficial for students with low prior knowledge. Our work contributes to existing research in learning theories and provides new insight toward the development of more effective and adaptive instructional designs. By translating research into practice, this study demonstrates the great potential of using innovative computer‐based technology to improve student learning for all.
A randomized placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effect of lactolycopene on semen quality in healthy males
Authors: Williams Elizabeth A. , Parker Madeleine , Robinson Aisling , Pitt Sophie , Pacey Allan A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposePoor sperm quality is a major contributor to infertility in heterosexual couples, but at present there are few empirical therapies. Several studies have examined the role of dietary factors and data from randomized controlled trials suggest that oral antioxidant therapy can improve some sperm parameters. Health benefits of lycopene supplementation have been proposed for a variety of health conditions and here we examine whether it can help improve sperm quality. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 14 mg daily lactolycopene for 12 weeks on semen quality in healthy men.MethodsSixty healthy male participants were recruited and randomized to this double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study and received either 14 mg/d lactolycopene or a placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was a change in motile sperm concentration. Secondary endpoints were all other aspects of sperm quality, including the level of sperm DNA damage.ResultsFifty-six men completed the intervention and the level of plasma lycopene was significantly increased in the men randomized to receive lycopene supplementation. There was no significant change in the primary endpoint (motile sperm concentration) post-intervention (p = 0.058). However, the proportion of fast progressive sperm (p = 0.006) and sperm with normal morphology (p < 0.001) did improve significantly in response to lactolycopene intervention.ConclusionsSupplementation with 14 mg/d lactolycopene improves sperm motility and morphology in young healthy men.Clinical Trial Registry number and websiteISRCTN33248724http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN33248724
Olfactory and gustatory functioning and food preferences of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment compared to controls: the NUDAD project
Authors: Doorduijn A. S. , de van der Schueren M. A. E. , van de Rest O. , de Leeuw F. A. , Fieldhouse J. L. P. , Kester M. I. , Teunissen C. E. , Scheltens P. , van der Flier W. M. , Visser M. , Boesveldt S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOur aim is to compare olfactory and gustatory function and food preferences of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with controls. We included 22 patients with MCI, 30 patients with AD and 40 controls and assessed olfactory threshold, odor discrimination and odor identification (Sniffin’ Sticks), gustatory functioning (Taste Strips), and food preferences (Macronutrient and Taste Preference Ranking Task). Linear regression analyses were used to study associations of five cognitive domains or AD biomarkers with olfactory functioning. Groups did not differ in olfactory threshold, gustatory function and food preferences. Patients with MCI and AD scored lower on odor discrimination and identification than controls. Poorer memory, but no other cognitive domain, was associated with poorer odor discrimination and odor identification, but not with odor threshold. No associations with AD biomarkers were found. In conclusion, patients with MCI and AD have poorer odor discrimination and identification ability than controls, but similar detection thresholds. This is likely a consequence of poorer memory rather than directly caused by AD pathology.