bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Survival Processing Advantage a Possible Explanation for Remembering Criminal Events?
Authors: Mangiulli Ivan , Jelicic Marko , Otgaar Henry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Research indicates that enhancing memory retention through the processing of information for its survival relevance is a well-established phenomenon. Two experiments investigated whether contemplating crime-related scenarios could trigger ancestral feelings in participants akin to those in survival situations. In the first experiment, compared with traditional survival-themed scenarios, the crime-related condition failed to significantly improve memory retention. The second experiment examined whether the congruity between stimuli and processing tasks might explain a potential memory advantage for crime-related content. However, we found no evidence supporting congruity’s role in crime contexts. Collectively, our research consistently demonstrated the enhanced memory retention associated with survival processing across both experiments. Yet we did not observe a parallel mnemonic improvement in crime contexts when following the conventional survival processing paradigm (Experiment 1) or manipulating stimuli congruency (Experiment 2). Nevertheless, we encourage future investigations to explore specific crime-related situations (e.g. victimization), which may share certain commonalities with survival processing.
Adaptive Memory Research in Forensic Face Matching and Memory
Authors: Weatherford Dawn R. , Moore Kara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we explain the adaptive nature of face processing through the lens of security screenings and the search for missing/wanted persons. Under such circumstances, identification tasks are challenging, and mistakes can be costly. Research has produced a growing body of work exploring the cognitive mechanisms underpinning successes and pitfalls by law enforcement, security personnel, and everyday citizens. After reviewing the state of that literature, our chapter will identify areas for advancement and future research questions that must be resolved in order to optimize adaptive memory and decision-making performance in forensic face matching and memory.
A Fuzzy Trace Theory Account of Survival Processing
Authors: Bialer Daniel M. , Chang Minyu , Brainerd C. J. , Reyna Valerie F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
When a person processes a list of items in a survival context, true and false memory for the items increase. We propose a theoretical explanation for these findings using fuzzy trace theory (FTT). According to FTT, memories are stored in parallel as verbatim and gist traces where verbatim traces represent surface details and gist traces represent semantic content. Verbatim traces support true memories, while gist traces support both true and false memories. FTT predicts that deep processing creates stronger gist traces than shallow processing. This is because deep processing emphasizes the shared meaning of the items in a list. Hence, survival processing likely strengthens gist traces because it requires meaningful processing of how much items adhere to the shared function of aiding survival. Therefore, that survival processing increases true and false memory is consistent with FTT. We also discuss FTT’s predictions of developmental differences in survival processing.
Alternate Endings
Authors: Shilina-Conte Tanya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 brings the book to a close by exploring the use of black or white screens across the post-cinematic terrain, drawing on post-Deleuzian third-image interventions and broader scholarship on cinema in the digital age. As in chapter 1 of this book, the present chapter draws on a comparison between Paul Virilio’s account of integrative accident and technological progress, on the one hand, and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s theory of creative malfunction and abstract machining, on the other. Once the essence of analog cinema, black or white screens now take on different roles, as the architecture of the cinematic apparatus has been reconfigured into various post-cinematic assemblages. In line with the cartographic and diagrammatic inquiry undertaken in the book, this chapter approaches black or white screens as post-non-images, analyzing them in relation to spatiality, multiplicity, film installations, and participatory aesthetics. The computing and streaming culture has also introduced new ways of image interruption in our cinematic experience, such as the monochrome blue, white, or red “screens of death” combined with other error screens—indicating buffering, denial of access, or image erasure on the internet. As the chapter shows, in the context of media art practices, these error screens can be approached as new interface interstitials. Additionally, we have now notably shifted from the light-suffused white cinema screens to the black (screen) mirrors of electronic light-emitting devices: TV monitors, computers, tablets, and smartphones. As the cineplex went over to the “dark side” during the Covid-19 lockdowns, the black (screen) mirrors became our new digital darkness, giving rise to what the chapter conceptualizes as “co-vid cinema.”
Love, Human and Divine in the Hebrew Bible and Judaic Tradition
Authors: Goodman Lenn E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Love is the Torah’s theme from the start: God gratuitously creates this world and sees that it is good. He sees that it is not good for a man to live alone and gives Adam the counterpart he has been seeking, flesh of his flesh—for the sexes are not opposites, and the first loyalty of any human is to that partner, ally, and friend. Polygamy may be real, but monogamy is the ideal, and the Torah finds no higher metaphor for God’s bond with Israel than the intimacy and exclusivity of marriage—and no higher poetic expression of that bond than the Song of Songs. Creation is an act of love, and no response to God’s love is more fitting than to share its fruits with fellow creatures: the moral lesson prompted by God’s love leads on to the intellectual love of God, fostered by close study and appreciation of the wisdom and grace manifest in nature.
Love in Islamic Philosophy
Authors: Chittick William C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Muslim philosophers who spoke of love identified it with the Necessary Existence. They considered it the motive force both for creation and for the return of all things to the origin. The Necessary Existence, they said, loves the sheer good and the absolutely beautiful, which is itself. By loving itself, it loves all possible things, which are nothing but its own radiance. Human beings for their part innately love the good and the beautiful and strive to achieve it. Sufi teachers who employed the same language agreed with the philosophical conclusions but insisted that people needed to follow in the footsteps of the prophets in order to actualize the goal of love, which is union with the Real Beloved.
“Created in us by the decrees of Providence”
Authors: Calvert Jane E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In Chapter Six, Dickinson’s concerns about British legislation become reality with the passage of the Stamp Act. He then stepped up to become the leader of the resistance, first writing the resolves of the Pennsylvania Assembly against the Stamp Act and then the instructions of that body to the Stamp Act Congress that was to meet in New York in October. As one of the delegates, he brought draft resolves that became the basis for the Declarations of the Stamp Act Congress, and he drafted the petition to the king that accompanied it. Alarmed by the riots sweeping the colonies, later that fall, he wrote a broadside to “Friends and Countrymen” that gave Americans the first practical advice for how to resist the British. Dickinson advocated the old Quaker technique of civil disobedience for peaceful and effective resistance. He also authored a treatise on economic theory, as well as a fuller justification for peaceful resistance, declaring that rights came not from paper bills of rights but from God.
“From the Mist of Doubts to the Sunshine of Belief”
Authors: Calvert Jane E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter Eleven shows Dickinson retreating inward to his family, feeling Quakerism more fully, and seeking to do more good in the world. In 1779, Delaware eventually prevailed on him to accept a seat in Congress, where he worked hard to solve the intractable problems of the new nation. Delaware itself needed more help. With all major institutions failing and overrun with Loyalists, the state was unable to prevent Dickinson’s home in Dover from being plundered. Dickinson liberated unconditionally some of his slaves and then intended to return to Philadelphia. But instead, he was unanimously elected president of the state, a position he did not want, for a three-year term. Nevertheless, he served for one year, during which time he entirely reformed Delaware’s major institutions and systems, transforming it from a failing state to a model one. Before the end of that year, he was elected president of Pennsylvania.
A Man on Fire
Authors: Egerton Douglas R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
“He was a man on fire,” one editor wrote in his 1911, obituary of Thomas Wentworth Higginson. A descendant of the first families of Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Harvard-educated Higginson devoted his life to helping the poor, oppressed, and enslaved. Higginson was also a dedicated feminist, and late in life embraced the radical term “socialist.” If there was a just cause to be fought for, he was ever the willing ally. Higginson largely devoted his pen to the cause of antislavery, but he also devoted his sword. A disunionist, Higginson became an early Free Soil Party member. He also found time during these years to advocate for temperance and to agitate for better conditions and wages for cotton textile workers in Newburyport. He joined the Boston Vigilance Society and in 1854 took part in the assault on the federal courthouse in a failed attempt to free Anthony Burns. Higginson also helped to organize the New England Emigration Aid Society, a group dedicated to funding and arming free soil settlers in Kansas Territory. In the months after Sumter, joined the Fifty-first Massachusetts Infantry at the rank of captain, but at the request of General Saxton, he took command of the First South Carolina Volunteers, a regiment of lowcountry freedmen. He later wrote of his years as colonel in 1870’s Army Life In a Black Regiment. Higginson was finally mustered out after a cannonball grazed his side, cracking several ribs and leaving him weak and in a military hospital for several months.
“Launched upon the world”
Authors: Egerton Douglas R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 covers Higginson’s birth in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to an old but impoverished New England family. The chapter backtracks to demonstrate the Higginson family’s ties to the region, the father’s improvident ways and death, and Thomas Wentworth’s childhood as the favored youngest child of Louisa, his father’s second wife. The chapter concludes with Higginson’s graduation from Harvard College at a very young age, as he began to ponder the next steps in life.
“We all need action”
Authors: Egerton Douglas R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Unemployed at the age of twenty-five, Higginson turned his attentions to reform, especially as the Mexican War had opened up the possibility of slavery’s expansion into the Southwest. As a pragmatic abolitionist, Higginson endorsed the 1848 Free Soil Party and in 1850 unsuccessfully ran for Congress on that party’s ticket. But ever ready to put his principles into action, Higginson took part in the failed attempts to liberate captured runaways Thomas Sims and Anthony Burns. The latter effort left him with a sabre scar on his chin, which he forever wore as a point of pride, and led to futile attempts by the federal government to charge him with breaking the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act.
From Byzantium to Constantinople
Authors: Matthews John 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The chapter surveys the city of Byzantium from its foundation as a Greek colony, and its growth through the Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman periods, to its restoration by the Severan emperors after its unsuccessful support of a usurper. Emphasizing its significance in the earlier Graeco-Roman period, the survey provides context for Constantine’s appraisal of Byzantium as a potential capital city, with an account of the circumstances of its dedication and consecration as Constantinople. The account is set in the context of Constantine’s relations with the city of Rome and the purported connections, alleged by his opponents, of the foundation of Constantinople with political crises in the emperor’s family and their religious consequences.
From the New World
Authors: Matthews John 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The final chapter is an attempt to broaden the focus on the population of the city as it has appeared through its social institutions and housing conditions in Chapter 10, and to extend the discussion from the relatively formal nature of what has preceded, by evoking the texture of life in the streets of the city and by adding certain topics, such as the recruitment and function of the senatorial class of the city, the public ceremony attending the deaths of emperors, and the character of its religious life, that were incompletely discussed in earlier chapters.
Introduction
Authors: Maler Anabel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter begins by demonstrating how the senses of sight, touch, taste, and smell might be foregrounded in a musical experience. Following from this notion, there may be music that does not involve sound at all, such as music produced in a signed language. In order to conceptualize sign language music as music, this chapter elaborates a definition of music that does not rely on sound. After surveying both historical and biological evidence indicating that music and movement are closely linked, the chapter submits that music can be broadly defined as organized movement. An overview of the succeeding chapters is presented, followed by a proposal that music, like language, is resilient.
Music and Deafness in America, 1820–1965
Authors: Maler Anabel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the history of Deaf musical practices in nineteenth- and twentieth-century America, revealing how institutional knowledge about music came to exclude deafness as a critical concept. The chapter argues that Deaf musical knowledge became excluded from music-theoretical systems of thought as a result of a battle between two competing philosophies of deaf education in the nineteenth century: the manualist school and the oralist school. Ideas about morality, authenticity, and technology also shaped and colored American views of deaf musicality, shaping the reception of deaf music-making to the present day. Ultimately, the chapter argues that nineteenth-century views on musicality as belonging exclusively to the domain of sound and “normal” or normalized hearing led to the exclusion of deaf ways of thinking and knowing about music.
Valley Paths to Native Lands
Authors: Calloway Colin G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights that the American expansion suggests settler colonialism spreading across the continent. When Scotch-Irish and other settler colonists arrived, they brought people into conflict as they competed for fertile valley lands. Internal population growth in the eighteenth century occurred less by natural causes than by massive immigration from Europe. Moreover, Pennsylvania quickly became a magnet for Scotch-Irish emigrants and the center for Scotch-Irish settlement and growth in America. Thus, by the eve of the American Revolution, Scotch-Irish colonists had established communities in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, and along the Great Wagon Road through Virginia and the Carolinas.
Indian-Killers to Patriots
Authors: Calloway Colin G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter tackles the transition from Indian-killers to patriots. The American Revolution was a key event in making the Scotch-Irish into Americans, either to assert political power or commercial opportunities. Although Scotch-Irish people in the backcountry embraced the goals of the Revolution and supported American conceptions of liberty, they looked to the new government to provide security, stability, and access to land. The Revolution depicted all Indians as enemies of American independence and turned Indian-killing into a patriotic duty. The chapter then explains that the Revolution in the backcountry unleashed violence between neighbors with bloody histories and scores to settle.
The Economics of Innovation and Intellectual Property
Authors: Hall Bronwyn H. , Helmers Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This work is an upper-division and master’s-level text covering the economics of innovation and the ways in which it is encouraged or discouraged by intellectual property (IP) protection. The first part of the book covers the basic features of invention, innovation, diffusion, and the various IP instruments; the contribution of these to firm profits and growth; and the policies that governments use to encourage innovative activity. Part II gives more detailed information on IP rights: patents, copyright, trademarks, and the various alternatives to formal IP. Part III covers several IP (mostly patent) topics in greater detail, looking at specific sectors such as software, including artificial intelligence, and pharmaceuticals, as well as the use of IP in developing countries. It also goes into detail on topics of strategic interest to firms: patent litigation, technology standards and patents, the sharing and exchange of patents, and the strategic use of patents in general. The book’s approach is largely verbal and example-driven, but with simple mathematical models that introduce the reader to the more advanced economics literature in this area and equip them to delve further if they so wish. There is a brief mathematical appendix (Appendix A) containing material that may be unfamiliar to the reader as well as appendices containing the many abbreviations used (B) and an introduction to the data now available for studying the economics of innovation (C). The Bibliography section is large and can serve as a useful compendium of the literature in this area.
What Is Innovation?
Authors: Hall Bronwyn H. , Helmers Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 provides an overview of the innovation process as analyzed by economists and others. It presents the linear model of innovation with a couple of concrete examples from pharma and software. It then discusses the ways in which there are feedback loops in that model, where technological change downstream feeds back to scientific research. Topics also covered include learning by doing and using as well as various taxonomies of innovation type. The last part of the chapter reviews the characteristics of innovative activity that make the knowledge thus acquired a quasi-public good and suggest that a competitive market may undersupply innovation.
Innovation and Competition in Firms
Authors: Hall Bronwyn H. , Helmers Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the theory and empirics of the relationship between industry market structure and innovation by firms. It begins by describing the R&D landscape with respect to industry and firm size using U.S. data. A few simple models of the relationship between market structure and innovation are presented, focusing on explaining the variation across industries as well as answering the question of which market structure (competitive or monopoly) is better at both the rate and timing of innovation. The empirical evidence on these questions is then briefly reviewed. The chapter concludes with a review of the historical evolution of new industries created by innovation, showing that such industries generally evolve in similar ways from large numbers of entrants to shakeout as the dominant design emerges.
Patents and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Hall Bronwyn H. , Helmers Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the use of patents in the pharmaceutical sector. It begins by describing the basic characteristics of the industry, and the R&D and drug development process in that industry. It then reviews the role of the patent system in the industry, its effects on drug availability and pricing, and the distinction between patent and regulatory exclusivity of a particular drug. Primary and secondary patents in pharmaceuticals are explained, and the use of secondary patents to extend the scope and length of patent exclusivity is described. Other methods such as patent litigation and collusive agreements that can delay generic entry are also covered.
Honor and Political Imagination
Authors: Rahman Smita A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Honor is often considered to be obsolete, musty, and tethered to a distant past of jousting knights and profound inequality. And yet it endures in the present, and it is its very conceptual slipperiness that allows it to inspire political action, even as it binds and blinds one to the consequences of a rigid attachment to it. Honor persists in the political imagination and generates an almost mythic source of meaning for those who draw inspiration from it for heroic (and often reckless) acts. Honor can inspire one to act with courage and conviction, but at the same time it is profoundly destructive and anesthetizes one to the terrible consequences of its pursuit. This tragic aspect of honor is often smoothed out in contemporary accounts of honor that seek to recover a more anodyne version of it for liberal and democratic politics. This book resists that impulse and argues instead that honor in the political imagination is a much more complex concept. It does so through a close reading of several visual and literary texts in popular culture, including Game of Thrones, Wolf Hall, and the Marvel Cinematic Universe’s Captain America, among others, and puts them in conversation with a range of texts in political theory on the concept of honor itself, including Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hegel, Nietzsche, Appiah, and more. In doing so, it attempts to show that while there may be a place for honor in the political imagination, it remains a contested and complicated one.
Introduction
Authors: Rahman Smita A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the theoretical framework of the book by articulating the conceptual slipperiness of the concept of honor itself and analyzing the contemporary and canonical literature in political theory on honor. It looks at contemporary accounts of honor that highlight its continued relevance to politics in the works of Appiah and Krause. It explores how a seemingly obsolete concept endures today in the form of honor codes, which can serve as sources of moral revolution, and as a liberal virtue, which can inspire heroic action in the face of democratic threats. It also examines Hobbes’s dismissal of honor as damaging to politics and Montesquieu’s account of honor as a defense against tyranny.
Antiblackness in Latinx Communities
Authors: Velasquez Meyleen M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anti-Black sentiment abounds in Latin America. Racist discourses and colorism are integrated into every area of the Latinx individual’s life and implicit belief system. Historical trauma from colonization and continued anti-immigrant sentiment in the United States can confuse non-Black Latinos into believing that they do not benefit from whiteness. However, it is vital to recognize that one can be part of a historically marginalized group and at the same time contribute to the harm Black communities experience. A lack of critical self-reflection and action is directly related to oppressive systems that harm Black communities. This chapter, “Antiblackness in Latinx Communities: Striving to Become Antiracist,” discusses a historical lens of antiblackness in Latinx communities and explores steps to move into an antiracist way of living.