bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
let-7i-5p, miR-181a-2-3p and EGF/PI3K/SOX2 axis coordinate to maintain cancer stem cell population in cervical cancer
Authors: Chhabra Ravindresh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the genes responsible for their maintenance are highly variable in different cancers. Here, we identify the coordination among miRNAs and EGF pathway genes which is critical for the maintenance of CSCs in cervical cancer. The transcript analysis of CSCs enriched from cervical cancer cell lines (CaSki and HeLa) revealed a significant upregulation of SOX2. Since EGF receptor is frequently over expressed in cervical cancer, we hypothesized that EGF pathway may be responsible for the upregulation of SOX2. Also, the media used for CSC enrichment was supplemented with EGF. The hypothesis was validated as inhibiting the EGF/PI3K pathway suppressed the expression of SOX2 and reduced the CSC population. In addition, miRNA profiling identified miR-181a-2-3p and let-7i-5p as markedly reduced in CSCs. The exogenous expression of either of these miRNAs in CaSki cells inhibited the expression of SOX2 and subsequently reduced CSC population. In conclusion, this study highlights for the first time the contrasting role of let-7i-5p/ miR-181a-2-3p and EGF/PI3K/SOX2 axis in maintaining cervical CSCs. While the EGF pathway promotes CSC formation in cervical cancer by inducing SOX2, miR-181a-2-3p/let-7i-5p counteracts the EGF pathway by inhibiting SOX2, thereby reducing the CSC population.
High electromechanical strain and enhanced temperature characteristics in lead-free (Na,Bi)TiO3–BaTiO3 thin films on Si substrates
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiaki , Okamoto Shoji , Hashimoto Kazuya , Takayama Ryoichi , Harigai Takakiyo , Adachi Hideaki , Fujii Eiji 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHere, we demonstrate the high electromechanical strain and enhanced temperature characteristics in thec-axis-oriented lead-free (Na,Bi)TiO3–BaTiO3(NBT–BT) polycrystalline thin film prepared on Si substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. The effective transverse piezoelectric coefficient,e31*, estimated from the electromechanical strain measured under high electric field, reaches a high level of −12.5 C/m2, and is comparable to those of conventional Pb(Zr,Ti)O3films.In-situX-ray diffraction measurement and electron diffraction analysis revealed the electromechanical strain of the NBT–BT film to originate predominantly in elongation of the tetragonal (P4bm) crystal lattice in thec-axis direction. In addition to the largee31*, the NBT–BT film exhibits enhanced permittivity maximum temperature,Tm, of ~400 °C and no depolarization belowTm, as compared to bulk NBT–BT havingTm≈ 300 °C and a depolarization temperature of ~100 °C. We conclude that the enhancement of temperature characteristics is associated with the distortedP4bmcrystal lattice formed by deposition-induced stress and defects. We believe that the present study paves the way for practical applications of lead-free piezoelectric thin films in electromechanical devices.
HIV and Vertebral Fractures: a Systematic Review and Metanalysis
Authors: Ilha Thales A. S. H. , Comim Fabio V. , Copes Rafaela M. , Compston Juliet E. , Premaor Melissa O. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe survival of HIV-infected patients has increased with the advent of antiretroviral therapy with the emergence of new comorbidities. Vertebral fracture is a manifestation of reduced bone strength and osteoporosis. This study aims to assess the frequency of spine fractures in HIV-positive men and women aged over 18 years. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies. Studies that evaluated morphometric and/or clinical vertebral fracture were included. In total 488 studies were found, of which 53 had their full texts evaluated. A total of 85,411 HIV positive individuals were identified in 26 studies. The meta-analysis of the prevalence of vertebral fractures included 12 studies with 10,593 subjects. The prevalence was 11.1% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4.5%, 25.0%, I2 98.2% p < 0.00001]. When we evaluated independently studies of clinical vertebral fracture and morphometric vertebral fracture, the prevalence was 3.9% (95% CI 0.9, 15.8, I2 96.4% p < 0.00001) and 20.2% (95% CI 15.7%, 25.6%, I2 69.9% p = 0.003) respectively. HIV-infected individuals had an odds ratio of vertebral fractures of 2.3 (95% CI 1.37, 3.85, I2 98.2% p < 0.00001) when compared with HIV-uninfected patients (n = 9 studies). In conclusion, HIV-positive subjects had a higher risk of vertebral fractures when compared with HIV-negative subjects.
Die Bedeutung des MRT nach geschlossener Reposition der traumatischen Hüftgelenkluxation im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Strüwind Christoph , von Rüden Christian , Thannheimer Andreas , Bühren Volker , Schneidmueller Dorien 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die traumatische Hüftgelenkluxation im Kindes- und Jugendalter stellt eine Rarität da. Verletzungsmechanismus ist i. d. R. ein Hochrasanztrauma. Nach geschlossener Reposition hängt die weitere Behandlung vom genauen Verletzungsmuster ab, das sich mittels Schnittbilddiagnostik darstellen lässt. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Untersuchung war es, die Häufigkeit von relevanten Begleitverletzungen nach traumatischer Hüftgelenkluxation bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu erfassen und die Notwendigkeit einer gezielten Diagnostik zu überprüfen.
Patienten/Material und Methoden In diese retrospektive Fallserie wurden 8 Patienten im Alter unter 18 Jahren mit einer isolierten Hüftgelenkluxation ohne Azetabulumfraktur zwischen 2001 und 2017 erfasst, die noch am Unfalltag notfallmäßig in Kurznarkose geschlossen reponiert wurden. In 5 Fällen wurde nach Reposition ein Magnetresonanztomogramm (MRT) und in 3 Fällen ein Computertomogramm (CT) zur diagnostischen Bilanzierung des Verletzungsausmaßes durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Zwei Mädchen und 6 Jungen mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 11 (5 – 16) Jahren konnten eingeschlossen werden. Bei 2 Patienten ergab sich nach geschlossener Reposition im CT ein freier knöcherner Gelenkkörper im dorsalen Gelenkspalt. Intraoperativ zeigte sich in beiden Fällen zusätzlich eine Interposition des Labrums in den Gelenkspalt. Bei einem Patienten, bei dem nach geschlossener Reposition ein MRT durchgeführt wurde, war das Labrum in den Gelenkspalt interponiert. Intraoperativ bestätigte sich der MRT-Befund. Bei 4 weiteren Patienten zeigte sich im MRT nach geschlossener Reposition keine Labrumverletzung. Als weitere Begleitverletzungen wurden ein Abriss der Spina iliaca anterior inferior sowie eine Ruptur des Lig. capitis femoris beschrieben.
Schlussfolgerung Das MRT nach traumatischen Hüftgelenkluxationen im Kindes- und Jugendalter gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Das Fehlen eines chondralen oder osteochondralen Fragments im CT schließt eine Verletzung oder Interposition des Labrums nicht aus. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen dieser Untersuchung wird daher das MRT möglichst zeitnah nach geschlossener Reposition einer traumatischen Hüftgelenkluxation grundsätzlich empfohlen.
Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of 2-heteroarylidene-1-tetralone Derivatives as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Authors: Amakali Klaudia , Legoabe Lesetja , Petzer Anél , Petzer Jacobus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present study investigates the human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition properties of a series of twelve 2-heteroarylidene-1-tetralone derivatives. Also included are related cyclohexylmethylidene, cyclopentylmethylidene and benzylidene substituted 1-tetralones. These compounds are related to the 2-benzylidene-1-indanone class of compounds which has previously been shown to inhibit the MAOs, with specificity for the MAO-B isoform. The target compounds were synthesised by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation between 7-methoxy-1-tetralone or 1-tetralone, and various aldehydes, under acid (hydrochloric acid) or base (potassium hydroxide) catalysis. The results of the MAO inhibition studies showed that the 2-heteroarylidene-1-tetralone and related derivatives are in most instances more selective inhibitors of the MAO-B isoform compared to MAO-A. (2E)-2-Benzylidene-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2 H)-one (IC50=0.707 μM) was found to be the most potent MAO-B inhibitor, while the most potent MAO-A inhibitor was (2E)-2-[(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)methylidene]-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2 H)-one (IC50=1.37 μM). The effect of the heteroaromatic substituent on MAO-B inhibition activity, in decreasing order was found to be: cyclohexyl, phenyl>thiophene>pyridine, furane, pyrrole, cyclopentyl. This study concludes that, although some 2-heteroarylidene-1-tetralone derivatives are good potency MAO inhibitors, in general their inhibition potencies, particularly for MAO-B, are lower than structurally related chalcones and 1-indanone derivatives that were previously studied.
The General and Social Health Long-Term Outcome of Adult Epilepsy Patients at the Kork Epilepsy Center
Authors: Burkhardt Maxi , Bacher Matthias , Kornmeier Reinhold , Kurth Christoph , Staack Anke , Steinhoff Bernhard 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Objectives The majority of epidemiological studies show that there is an increased burden of somatic comorbidities among people with epilepsy (PWE) compared with the general population. We sought that in the subgroup of patients with satisfactory and stable seizure situation and healthy style of living, the general health and quality of life might be similar to people without epilepsy and investigated the long-term outcome and the prevalence of comorbidities and the social outcome of adult patients who had been continuously treated at our center for at least 25 years.
Material and methods We consecutively collected our adult out-patients for 10 months and identified those patients who had been treated at our center for at least 25 years. Among this group we assessed demographic data, epilepsy syndrome, seizure situation, antiepileptic therapy, the number of previous AEDs, the socioeconomic situation and co-morbidities.
Results Out of a total of 1672 patients, 14.4 % (n = 241) patients fulfilled our inclusion criterion. In 200 the files allowed an appropriate analysis of the data. Mean treatment duration in Kork was 36 years (25 – 52). 60% of patients were seizure-free for more than one year. 80% of the seizure-free patients did not complain of adverse events. Adverse events were more often among patients with ongoing seizures. Somnolence, gait disturbances and tremor were the leading symptoms. Better seizure outcome correlated with higher education, better professional education and lower unemployment rates. Diseases such as cardiovascular diseases or diabetes mellitus were not more frequent than in the general population. PWE do not have necessarily an impaired prognosis of their general health.
Review of Eyelid Reconstruction Techniques after Mohs Surgery
Authors: Patel Sagar , Itani Kamel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMohs micrographic surgery achieves high cure rates while preserving healthy tissue making it the optimal treatment for skin cancer. The goals of eyelid reconstruction after Mohs surgery include restoring eyelid structure and function while attaining acceptable aesthetic results. Given the variety of eyelid defects encountered after Mohs surgery, a thorough understanding of the complex eyelid anatomy as well as an in-depth knowledge of the numerous reconstructive techniques available are required to accomplish these reconstructive goals. In this article, the authors review eyelid anatomy and discuss a variety of techniques used for the reconstruction of defects involving the periocular region.
Follow-up Study on the Effect of Risk-Stratified, Protocol-Based Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Postoperative Infections in a Tertiary Care Neurosurgical Department over 10 Years (2007–2016)
Authors: Agarwal Ashutosh , Borkar Sachin , Kapil Arti , Dabral Jyotsna , Suri Ashish , Kale Shashank , Mahapatra Ashok 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Objective To study the effectiveness of risk-stratified prophylactic antibiotic policy on meningitis, surgical site, and extraneurosurgical site infections among postoperative neurosurgical patients from the year 2007 to 2016. This is a follow-up study for a similar analysis done from 1994 to 2006, which is published in Neurosurgery.

Methods Retrospective audit of 30,251 consecutive neurosurgical cases from January 2007 through December 2016 at a tertiary care center with culture positivity in samples taken from patients showing clinical/radiologic evidence of infection as an objective marker of postoperative infection. Risk-stratified, variable-duration antibiotic prophylaxis policy was followed over 10 years; it was modified in the year 2014, and infections from 2007 to 2013 were compared with 2014 to 2016.
Results Over 10 years, there were 2,782 infections in 2,193 (9.45%) patients with meningitis in 281 (0.96%), bloodstream infections in 596 (2.05%), respiratory infections in 913 (3.11%), urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 697 (2.30%), and wound infections in 295 (1.02%) patients. On comparison, the proportion of infections between 2014 and 2016 was significantly lower than that between 2007 and 2013 (4.61 ± 0.14% vs. 11.52 ± 2.2%, p = 0.001). The most common microorganisms were non–lactose-fermenting gram-negative bacilli, followed by Klebsiella and Escherichia coli. The proportion of gram-positive cocci (GPC) was 16.2% with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounting for 5.5% cases.
Conclusion A risk-stratified, variable-duration prophylactic antibiotic protocol helps in reducing postoperative meningitis, surgical site, and extraneurosurgical site infections in neurosurgical patients, and prophylaxis with first-generation cephalosporin and aminoglycoside is effective.
Functional Outcome for Chiari Malformation Using a Novel Scoring System
Authors: Kumar Anil , Pruthi Nupur , Devi Bhagavatula , Gupta Arun 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background The authors report functional outcomes comparing various surgical techniques, using a Chiari-specific assessment tool. They also intend to externally validate the performance of the CCOS by comparing with gestalt outcome.
Methods Total cohort comprised 73 surgically treated patients, and patients were divided into two groups: patients who were operated upon at the authors’ institute and those who were evaluated at their institute but underwent surgery elsewhere due to various reasons. Functional outcome was evaluated on the basis of the Chicago Chiari outcome scale (CCOS) and gestalt outcome scale. Mean duration of follow-up was 10.23 ± 5.8 months.
Results In the authors’ cohort of 73 patients, 76.70% (n = 56) were improved, 23.30% (n = 17) were unchanged, and none of them deteriorated. The median CCOS was 14 ± 1.34 (range: 11–16). There was no statistical difference in outcome between the different operative groups (foramen magnum decompression, duraplasty, tonsillar resection “other”). The CCOS value of 14 has excellent sensitivity (0.95) and good specificity (0.746) for identifying patients with good gestalt outcome.
Conclusion The authors found a clear correlation between higher CCOS score and gestalt outcome. There was no statistical difference in outcome between the different operative groups.
Parenteral Nutrition in Interventional Radiology: Consideration and Management of the Patient
Authors: Kapoor Baljendra , Wang Weiping , Moon Eunice 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe approach for patients on parenteral nutrition is typically multidisciplinary. Catheters for parenteral nutrition are primarily placed by interventional radiologists under image guidance. Therefore, adequate knowledge of different catheters, including their indications and complications, as well as management of the complications is exceptionally important for interventional radiologists as well as the referring service. In this review, we discuss different aspects of parenteral nutrition, including infectious complications and the strategy for their prevention and management.
Red Blood Cell Transfusions Following Resection of Skull Base Meningiomas: Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Lagman Carlito , Sheppard John , Beckett Joel , Tucker Alexander , Nagasawa Daniel , Prashant Giyarpuram , Ziman Alyssa , Yang Isaac 
Published: May 2018

Objective This article identifies risk factors for and investigates clinical outcomes of postoperative red blood cell transfusion in patients with skull base meningiomas.
Design Retrospective cohort study.
Setting Single academic medical center.
Participants The transfusion group included patients who had skull base meningiomas and who received packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusion within 7 days of surgery. The no transfusion group included patients who had skull base meningiomas but who did not have RBCs transfused within 7 days of surgery.
Main Outcome Measures In-hospital complication rate, length of stay (LOS), and discharge disposition.
Results One hundred and ninety-six patients had a craniotomy for resection of a meningioma at our institution from March 2013 to January 2017. Seven patients had skull base meningiomas and received RBC transfusion within 7 days of surgery (the transfusion group). The skull base was an independent risk factor for transfusion after we controlled for the effect of meningioma size (OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.34, 11.25). Operative time greater than 10 hours was an independent risk factor for prolonged hospital stay (OR 8.84, 95% CI 1.08, 72.10) once we controlled for the effect of transfusion. In contrast, transfusion did not independently impact LOS or discharge disposition once we controlled for the effect of operative time.
Conclusions The skull base is an independent predictor of RBC transfusion. However, RBC transfusion alone cannot predict LOS or discharge disposition in patients who undergo surgical resection of a skull base meningioma.
Ultrafast nonthermal heating of water initiated by an X-ray Free-Electron Laser
Authors: Beyerlein Kenneth R. , Jönsson H. Olof , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Aquila Andrew , Bajt Saša , Barty Anton , Bean Richard , Koglin Jason E. , Messerschmidt Marc , Ragazzon Davide , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Williams Garth J. , Hau-Riege Stefan , Boutet Sébastien , Chapman Henry N. , Tîmneanu Nicuşor , Caleman Carl 
Published: May 2018

Significance
X-ray Free-Electron Lasers have opened the door to a new era in structural biology, enabling imaging of biomolecules and dynamics that were impossible to access with conventional methods. A vast majority of imaging experiments, including Serial Femtosecond Crystallography, use a liquid jet to deliver the sample into the interaction region. We have observed structural changes in the carrying water during X-ray exposure, showing how it transforms from the liquid phase to a plasma. This ultrafast phase transition observed in water provides evidence that any biological structure exposed to these X-ray pulses is destroyed during the X-ray exposure.
Design of an allosterically modulated doxycycline and doxorubicin drug-binding protein
Authors: Schmidt Karin , Gardill Bernd R. , Kern Alina , Kirchweger Peter , Börsch Michael , Muller Yves A. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
The design of binding sites for nonnatural ligands into natural proteins is a very topical subject in protein design. This also applies to the manipulation of allosteric coupling pathways with the goal of controlling protein function. Here it is shown that both topics can be addressed concurrently in a single protein. Thus, starting from human α1-antichymotrypsin, two drug-binding proteins were developed. Whereas ligand-binding design enables the binding of either the antibiotic doxycycline or the anticancer compound doxorubicin, the reengineering of an existing allosteric coupling mechanism enables the release of the bound ligands on occurrence of a proteinase trigger signal. It is proposed that such binding proteins can be further developed into drug-specific delivery shuttles.
Triplets, birthweight, and handedness
Authors: Heikkilä Kauko , Van Beijsterveldt Catharina E. M. , Haukka Jari , Iivanainen Matti , Saari-Kemppainen Aulikki , Silventoinen Karri , Boomsma Dorret I. , Yokoyama Yoshie , Vuoksimaa Eero 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Low birthweight is a risk factor for developmental delay, and is also associated with a higher odds of being left-handed. Likewise, compared with singletons, triplet births encompass an increased probability of left-handedness and developmental delay. In a large study, including triplets from two countries, we studied if left-handedness is associated with birthweight and postnatal development. Triplets have naturally low birthweights, being about 1.5 kg lighter than singletons. In both samples of triplets, we showed that left-handedness was associated with lower birthweight. Left-handers had also smaller infant head circumference and delayed motor development compared with right-handers, but these differences were not evident when controlling for birthweight.
Functional organization of intrinsic and feedback presynaptic inputs in the primary visual cortex
Authors: Zhang Qing-fang , Li Hao , Chen Ming , Guo Aike , Wen Yunqing , Poo Mu-ming 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Elucidating how different types of presynaptic inputs to a brain area are functionally organized is crucial for understanding how incoming information is integrated. Here, we introduce presynaptic-targeted genetically encoded calcium indicators in two colors and mapped the functional organization of two major input pathways—primary visual cortex (V1) intrinsic and V2–V1 feedback—to tree shrew V1. Axon boutons of both input pathways are spatially organized according to their orientation preferences, forming orientation maps aligned to the V1 map. Nonselective integration of intrinsic inputs around dendritic trees reproduced neuronal orientation preference, suggesting a reinforcing role for intrinsic inputs to the neuronal map. Beyond the specific findings, the experimental approaches we introduced here could significantly expand the toolbox for exploring the organization of neural circuits.
Transhemispheric ecosystem disservices of pink salmon in a Pacific Ocean macrosystem
Authors: Springer Alan M. , van Vliet Gus B. , Bool Natalie , Crowley Mike , Fullagar Peter , Lea Mary-Anne , Monash Ross , Price Cassandra , Vertigan Caitlin , Woehler Eric J. 
Published: May 2018

SignificanceEcological processes at regional geographic scales can be connected to those in far distant locations by teleconnections, or interactions between species and systems far removed from one another. Macrosystem ecology views such interactions as elements of much larger ecosystems than either component. We have identified a remarkable example of a transhemispheric macrosystem spanning 15,000 kilometers of the Pacific Ocean maintained by a migratory species of seabird that nests in the South Pacific and winters in the North Pacific. It highlights another example in a growing list of ecosystem disservices of an abundant species of North Pacific salmon, and the need to include ecosystem processes at such geographic scales in conservation and management considerations for this northern open ocean.