bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polypropylene composite hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes with an acrylic hydrogel surface by in situ ultrasonic wave‐assisted polymerization for dye removal
Authors: Shao H. , Qi Y. , Liang S. , Qin S. , Yu J. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, polypropylene composite hollow fiber membrane with an acrylic hydrogel layer was fabricated successfully by in situ ultrasonic wave‐assisted polymerization. The ultrasonic irradiation can significantly improve the grafting efficiency of acrylic acid on the membrane surface. The modified membranes were characterized on the basis of physicochemical characteristics, permeation performance and antifouling property. The results revealed that the pure water flux of modified membranes was significantly increased when the graft density was lower than 0.82 mg cm−2, due to the improvement of hydrophilicity. Interestingly, the optimized membrane PPM1.49 could efficiently remove organic dyes from aqueous solution, showing retentions of 99.5 and 98.7% to Congo red and methylthionine chloride, respectively. Meanwhile, its flux recovery ratio was elevated from 68.0 to 92.0% using bovine serum albumin aqueous solution as a foulant compared with the pristine membrane. These promising results indicate that modified membranes developed in this study are potentially applicable for dye removal from wastewater. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47099.
Exponential Stability of Stochastic Differential Equations with Impulse Effects at Random Times
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the exponential stability for a class of impulse stochastic differential equations. Different from the previous literature, the impulsive times considered in this paper are random times. By applying stochastic processes theory, stochastic analysis theory and Lyaponov method, we establish several novel exponential stability criteria of the suggested system. Finally, several simple examples are provided to show the validity and significance of the results.
Analysis of solid tumor mutation profiles in liquid biopsy
Authors: Balaji Sai A. , Shanmugam Ashwini , Chougule Anuradha , Sridharan Srikant , Prabhash Kumar , Arya Anuradha , Chaubey Aditya , Hariharan Arun , Kolekar Pandurang , Sen Manimala , Ravichandran Aarthi , Katragadda Shanmukh , Sankaran Satish , Bhargava Saurabh , Kulkarni Prashanth , Rao Suchitra , Sunkavalli Chinnababu , Banavali Shripad , Joshi Amit , Noronha Vanita , Dutt Amit , Bahadur Urvashi , Hariharan Ramesh , Veeramachaneni Vamsi , Gupta Vaijayanti 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLiquid biopsy is increasingly gaining traction as an alternative to invasive solid tumor biopsies for prognosis, treatment decisions, and disease monitoring. Matched tumor‐plasma samples were collected from 180 patients across different cancers with >90% of the samples below Stage IIIB. Tumors were profiled using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) or quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the mutation status was queried in the matched plasma using digital platforms such as droplet digital PCR (ddCPR) or NGS for concordance. Tumor‐plasma concordance of 82% and 32% was observed in advanced (Stage IIB and above) and early (Stage I to Stage IIA) stage samples, respectively. Interestingly, the overall survival outcomes correlated to presurgical/at‐biopsy ctDNA levels. Baseline ctDNA stratified patients into three categories: (a) high ctDNA correlated with poor survival outcome, (b) undetectable ctDNA with good outcome, and (c) low ctDNA whose outcome was ambiguous. ctDNA could be a powerful tool for therapy decisions and patient management in a large number of cancers across a variety of stages.
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: A review
Authors: Lee Michael S. , Tadwalkar Rigved V. , Fearon William F. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Patel Amisha J. , Patel Chetan B. , Ali Ziad , Rao Sunil V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a complex disease that remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Originating as a result of inflammatory response, the development and progression of CAV is attributed to endothelial dysfunction, cellular infiltration, and a wide‐range of genetic and patient factors. The detection of CAV remains a diagnostic challenge, as symptoms can be variable or absent. While coronary angiography remains the initial test of choice for the diagnosis and surveillance of CAV, intravascular imaging (either by ultrasound or optical coherence tomography) and physiologic assessments are useful adjuncts in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Positron emission tomography, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging may have a role increasing the time interval between invasive screening tests for prognosis. Medical management should include a statin, vasodilator, and tailored immunosuppressive regimen that maximally decrease allograft rejection and CAV progression while causing minimal side effects. Patients that are less responsive to pharmacotherapy should be considered for invasive management with percutaneous coronary intervention. Although surgical revascularization is a poor option, repeat OHT is the only definitive treatment option but given its morbidity should be reserved for a highly selected patient population.
Fluorine Modified Boron Carbon Nitride Semiconductors for Improved Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction under Visible Light
Authors: Xing Fangshu , Liu Qiuwen , Song Mingxia , Huang Caijin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhotocatalytic conversion of CO2 to usable fuel precursors is one of the most important renewable paths to mitigate energy shortages and greenhouse gas emissions. Photocatalysts for this transformation are typically based on precious metals to obtain high yield and selectivity. Currently, metal‐free graphitic conjugated materials (such as g‐C3N4, ternary boron carbon nitride) are promising and emerging photocatalysts to offset the above issues. Here we further modulated photocatalytic performance of ternary boron carbon nitride (BCN) by introducing fluorine into its graphitic‐like framework. As a result, the fluorination of the BCN productively increases the CO yield by three times under visible light. It was found that fluorine doping can remarkably accelerate migration‐separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers, prolong lifetime of the excited state and optimize electronic properties of BCN.
Polyvinyl Butyral/Modified SiO2 Nanoparticle Membrane for Gasoline Desulfurization by Pervaporation
Authors: Hou Yingfei , Xu Yang , Li Haiping , Li Yiyu , Niu Qingshan Jason 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPervaporation (PV) has many potential advantages in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline desulfurization. The PV membrane performance was improved by incorporating SiO2 nanoparticles in polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The coupling agent was used to enhance the compatibility between the inorganic phase and the organic phase to avoid the occurrence of film defects. Polyurethane membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. To evaluate the PV performance, the real FCC gasoline was tested. The effects of the SiO2 content, the operating temperature, and the active layer thickness on the PV performance of the PVB/SiO2 membranes were investigated.
Crosslinked MnO2 Nanowires Anchored in Sulfur Self‐Doped Porous Carbon Skeleton with Superior Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Jiang Min , Tang Jingjing , Zhou Xiangyang , Zhang Jiaming , Wang Qian , Xu Herong , Yang Juan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA facile process for the in‐situ anchoring of crosslinked MnO2 nanowires (MNs) in a preformed sulfur self‐doped porous carbon material (SPC) derived from antibiotic bacterial residues (ABRs) was developed, only involving impregnation of potassium permanganate aqueous solution into SPC and consequently occurring in‐situ redox reaction at room‐temperature. In the obtained SPC@MNs composite, SPC serves as a conductive collector for accelerating lithium‐ion transfer and a buffer carrier for reliving the volume‐expansion of MNs, and the in‐situ formed MNs homogeneously anchored in SPC can fully imply potential electrochemical properties and enable the whole skeleton more stable to guarantee good cycling stability. The proposed approach can not only solve the environmental problems associated with the accumulation of ABRs, but also achieve the maximization of dual energy storage and conversion of the SPC@MNs composite by elaborately utilizing the combinative merits of SPC and MNs. As a result, the SPC@MNs composite shows a reversible capacity of 953.4 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g after 80 cycles, and 745.9 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 450 cycles when used as anode for lithium‐ion batteries.
Hybrid Core–Shell Nanoparticles by “Plug and Play” Self‐Assembly
Authors: Pacaud Benjamin , Leclercq Loïc , Dechézelles Jean‐François , Nardello‐Rataj Véronique 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSupramolecular hybrid functional nanoparticles (NPs) can be obtained via the colloidal tectonics approach provided that multiple interactive molecular tectons are used. Herein, the programmable synthesis of novel hybrid core–shell nanoparticles via the following sequential steps is reported: (i) complexation of 1‐decanol by the β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), (ii) spontaneous self‐assembly into CD NPs, (iii) adsorption of polyoxometalate anions, PW12O403−, on the polar neutral interface of the CD NPs. Such an approach paves the way for the design of novel and original materials and systems.
Molecular Deformation, Charge Flow, and Spongelike Behavior in Anion–π {[M(CN)4]2−;[HAT(CN)6]}∞ (M=Ni, Pd, Pt) Supramolecular Stacks
Authors: Kuzniak Emilia , Pinkowicz Dawid , Hooper James , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Hetmańczyk Łukasz , Podgajny Robert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Robert Podgajny at Jagiellonian University. The image depicts the concept of the anion–π interactions between multisite anion receptors and cyanido‐complexes, in respect to the possible control of the formation of future polynuclear complexes. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201802933.
How does the Environment Influence a Given Cation? A Systematic Investigation of [Co(CO)5]+ in Gas Phase, Solution, and Solid State
Authors: Meier Stefan C. , Himmel Daniel , Krossing Ingo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIR spectroscopic studies of the gaseous metal carbonyl cations [Co(CO)5]+⋅mCO (m=1–4) indicated that the weakly bound CO molecules in a second coordination sphere perturb the structure of [Co(CO)5]+ causing the CO stretching frequencies ν(CO) to become noticeably redshifted. In this work, we aimed to establish the relationship between such gas phase IR spectra and those recorded in condensed phases, either as a solid salt or as a solution in the weakly basic solvent o‐difluorobenzene. For this purpose, a series of [Co(CO)5]+[WCA]− salts (WCA=weakly coordinating anion), with the counterions varying between more coordinating (WCA=F‐Al(ORF)3, (RFO)3Al‐F‐Al(F)(ORF)2; RF=C(CF3)3) and almost non‐coordinating (WCA=Al(ORF)4, F{Al(ORF)3}2), were synthesized and characterized by vibrational spectroscopy as well as X‐ray structure analysis. The experimental spectra differ considerably from that of the undisturbed gaseous [Co(CO)5]+ ion, as the structural deformation of [Co(CO)5]+ requires very little energy. Together with previously reported data, the perturbed condensed phase [Co(CO)5]+ ions were analyzed and compared with the gaseous [Co(CO)5]+⋅mCO ions. DFT calculations were performed on simply adapted [Co(CO)5]+ structures to allow the assignment of all the ν(CO) modes and a qualitative interpretation of structural deformations by external influences as a function of the environment (ligands, solvation, crystal packing). The analysis showed that especially the degenerate E′ mode νe and the averaged asymmetric equatorial CO stretch
e, which originates from a split of the E′ mode, are a function of the interaction with the environment. Whereas for the more coordinating counterions
e values of 2112–2120 cm−1 were obtained, for the less coordinating counterions
e values of up to 2133 cm−1 were found, which is very close to that of gaseous [Co(CO)5]+⋅4CO, with a
e value of 2135 cm−1. This indicates the possibility of approximating the gas phase conditions in the condensed phases with the [Co(CO)5]+ ion probably being the prototypical probe molecule for investigating the strengths of interactions in different environments.
Spatially Self‐Confined Formation of Ultrafine NiCoO2 Nanoparticles@Ultralong Amorphous N‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers as an Anode towards Efficient Capacitive Li+ Storage
Authors: Wang Zhengluo , Zhao Zhiwei , Zhang Yanru , Yang Xiaopeng , Sun Xuan , Zhang Jinyang , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe exploration of anode materials with a high degree of electrochemical utilization for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) still remains a huge challenge despite pioneering breakthroughs. Rational engineering of electrode structures/components by facile strategies would offer infinite possibilities for the development of LIBs. In this study, one‐dimensional ultralong nanohybrids of ultrafine NiCoO2 nanoparticles dispersed in situ in and/or on the surface of amorphous N‐doped carbon nanofibers (NCO@ANCNFs) were fabricated by a bottom‐up electrospinning protocol. By virtue of synergistic structural/component features, the obtained ultralong NCO@ANCNFs with low NCO loading (≈33.6 wt %) show highly efficient Li+ storage performance with high reversible capacity, high rate capability, and long cycle life. The unusual reversible crystalline transformation during cycling was analyzed. Quantitative analysis revealed that the pseudocapacitive contribution mainly accounts for the superior lithium storage of the NCO@ANCNFs. Besides, the ability of the hybrid anode to deliver competitive Li‐storage properties even without conductive carbon greatly enhances its commercial applicability. An NCO@ANCNFs//LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 full battery was assembled and exhibited striking electrochemical properties. This contribution offers a scalable methodology to fabricate highly efficient hybrid anodes for advanced next‐generation LIBs.
Fault analysis of AEZ
Authors: Qahur Al Mahri Hassan , Simpson Leonie , Bartlett Harry , Dawson Ed , Wong Kenneth Koon‐Ho 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAEZ is a block cipher mode based on AES which uses three 128‐bit keys. The algorithm has been updated several times during the three rounds of the CAESAR cryptographic competition. Cryptanalytic results presented on AEZ to date do not breach its security. This paper describes a fault injection analysis on AEZ. We focus on analysing AEZ v4.2 but also investigate the applicability of these analyses to the recent version AEZ v5. This paper shows that all three 128‐bit keys in AEZ v4.2 can be uniquely retrieved using only three random‐valued single byte fault injections. A similar approach using four fault injections can uniquely recover all three keys of AEZ v5. The feasibility of this fault injection methodology has been proven against AES in previous works.
Performance analysis of Israeli‐Jalfon's algorithm using probabilistic model checking
Authors: Guo Xu 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIsraeli‐Jalfon's self‐stabilization algorithm provides a solution to the problem of fault tolerance in distributed systems. To quantitatively evaluate the algorithm and discover the factors contributing to its performance, we used a probabilistic model checking technique to study the algorithm across different configurations. The mainstream probabilistic model checker PRISM assisted with our final assessment. We focus here on three aspects of the algorithm's performance: convergence, time complexity, and maximum execution time. Our experimental results show that time complexity is O (N^2) when N is less than 23, and we examine the factors contributing to this performance. These prove to be: the number of tokens, the number of processes, the probability of token transmission, and how tokens are spaced. Performance degrades as the number of tokens grows. For a certain number of processes, better performance can be obtained when the probability of token transmission is 0.5. Three tokens spaced evenly, meanwhile, yields the worst performance. The main contribution of this paper is its exhaustive quantitative performance analysis of Israeli‐Jalfon's algorithm and the presentation of accurate rather than approximate numerical results. Moreover, our assessment was undertaken in a reducible fashion, with stable states being set against a proper subset of the set of possible configurations rather than allowing two sets to coincide.
A novel method of symbolic representation in diving data mining: A case study of highways in China
Authors: Sun Chuan , Liu Wei , Chu Duanfeng , Li Wushuang , Lu Zhenji , Wang Jianyu 
Published: September 2018

SummaryVehicle field test can be conducted smoothly because of the automobile‐mounted monitoring system and abundant diving data have been collected. Driving data mining is in an urgent need of new thoughts introduced to break through the original technical bottleneck. This paper presented a novel method of symbolic representation in diving data mining and applied the idea of time series symbolization to traffic engineering. The sample data is processed by normalization, dimensionality reduction, discretization, and symbolization based on the three steps of symbolic aggregate approximation (SAX) with driving data characteristics taken into adequate consideration. The results showed that the high‐dimensionality miscellaneous driving time series data was rationally converted into highly readable, easy to search and locate symbolic series after semantic encoding, and the main characteristics of time series data was preserved after a substantial reduction of data dimensionality. Finally, the paper demonstrated the positive effects of this method on the analysis of actual vehicle driving safety based on case study, and it explored the application of SAX to speed and acceleration data from driving data set.
Building (Viral) Phylogenetic Trees Using a Maximum Likelihood Approach
Authors: King Kelly M. , Van Doorslaer Koenraad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses allow for inferring a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a set of homologous molecular sequences. This hypothesis can be used as the basis for further molecular and computational studies. In this unit, we offer one specific method to construct a Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree. We outline how to identify homologous sequences and construct a multiple sequence alignment. Following alignment, sequences are screened for potentially confounding factors such as recombination and genetic saturation. Finally, a Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree can be constructed implementing a rigorously tested model of evolution. The workflow outlined in this unit provides sufficient background for inferring a robust phylogenetic tree starting from a particular gene of interest. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimization of Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Hunter Molly , Yuan Ping , Vavilala Divya , Fox Mark 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecombinant proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies, are produced in mammalian cell lines to introduce proper protein folding and post‐translational modifications, which are essential for full biological activity. In both the industrial and academic environments, the use of recombinant proteins varies widely and, with it, the method of production. The amount of an antibody needed for a toxicity study is far greater than that needed by a research lab performing cellular assays, and the amount of effort put into the development of the protein will vary accordingly. There is no universal strategy for mammalian expression systems, and scientists often struggle to develop a suitable process from the myriad of choices at each step. Here, we elaborate on the various obstacles encountered when planning high‐yield experiments to produce the recombinant proteins of interest. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Run‐time calibration scheme for the implementation of a robust field‐programmable gate array–based time‐to‐digital converter
Authors: Chen Yuan‐Ho 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn this study, we propose a robust field‐programmable gate array (FPGA)–based time‐to‐digital converter (TDC) with run‐time calibration. A code density test was used for differential nonlinearity (DNL) calibration to deal with nonuniformity in delay cells. The proposed calibration scheme is implemented as a four‐step finite state machine (FSM) for run‐time calibration. We implemented the TDC with the proposed run‐time calibration circuit on the Xilinx 65‐nm FPGA platform. This improved the DNL and integral nonlinearity (INL) values over those obtained using a TDC without run‐time calibration circuit. The DNL and INL values at a time resolution of 46.875 picoseconds were [−0.68, 1.04] and [−4.27, 2.27] least significant bits, respectively. More than 30% DNL and INL improvements are achieved for the TDC with calibration circuit. The results obtained at temperatures of 27°C to approximately 70°C indicated that the proposed run‐time calibration circuit enhanced the capability of the FPGA‐based TDC against temperature effects. The FPGA‐based TDC with the proposed run‐time calibration FSM provides robust high‐resolution performance suited for a range of scientific applications.
Novel in situ Bi−Sb‐Film Electrodes for Trace Heavy Metal Analysis
Authors: Finšgar Matjaž , Petovar Barbara 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis work reports on new in situ formed Bi−Sb‐film glassy carbon electrodes (Bi−SbFEs) with different Bi(III):Sb(III) mass concentration ratios (1 : 9, 2 : 8, 3 : 7, 4 : 6, 5 : 5, 6 : 4, 7 : 3, 8 : 2, 9 : 1) and at two different total mass concentrations of Bi(III) and Sb(III), i. e. 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L. The analytical performance of these Bi−SbFEs was compared with Bi‐film (BiFE) and Sb‐film (SbFE) electrodes in 0.1 M acetate buffer solution. All combinations of Bi−SbFEs were selective for Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) detection. Bi−SbFEs showed linear concentration ranges for Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) substantially wider than that for BiFE. Moreover, the method's sensitivities can be substantially improved by using different Bi−SbFEs compared with BiFE and SbFE. Most of the Bi−SbFE methods provided satisfactory recovery for Cd(II) determination, many of them also for Pb(II), whereas for Zn(II) only a few methods provided recovery values within the 80.0–120.0 % recovery range. The precision of different Bi−SbFEs were satisfactory for Pb(II) and Cd(II) with an RSD lower than 20.0 %. Accumulation time optimisation resulted in lower LOD and LOQ, higher sensitivity. Finally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed for the first time to characterise the electroanalytical behaviour of an SbFE. The latter analysis was employed to compare the electrode's properties with pure BiFE and pure GCE, and to show when the system is under a kinetic‐ and/or diffusion‐controlled process.