bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENTINGNYA PARTISIPASI DAN PERANAN KELEMBAGAAN POLITIK DALAM PROSES PEMBUATAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK
Authors: Iskandar Dadi Junaedi 
Published: April 2018

Model ruang publisitas untuk menghasilkan kebijakan public efektif, pelaksanaannya perlu dikemas secara tepat dalam berbagai bentuk dan aktivitas yang meletakan posisi warga negara (citizen) sebagai sumber utama kekuatan demokratisasi politik. Sebab, demokrasi sejatinya merupakan manifestasi akuntabilitas politik yang bersandar pada kebaikan bersama. Dengan adanya perubahan dalam pola governance, maka partisipasi menjadi instrumen penting bekerjanya civil society dalam setiap proses perencanaan program pembangunan, implementasi hingga pengawasan kebijakan publik.Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif mengenai dimensi partisipasi civil society, dan faktor government yang bekerja secara kolaboratif dalam pembangunan politik demokrasi, perlu didukung oleh peran optimal kelembagaan politik dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan publik. Metode yang digunakan yakni dengan cara mengumpulkan berbagai sumber informasi yang relevan dengan masalah yang dikaji. Melalui studi literatur terhadap masalah demokrasi, partisipasi, kebijakan publik dan peran kelembagaan politik, peneliti dapat mengumpulkan informasi mengenai gambaran gejala atau keadaan yang terjadi dalam kehidupan politik kontemporer untuk dapat mengeksplorasi dan mengklarifikasi fenomena yang terjadi dewasa ini.Hasil kajian menunjukkan, bahwa akuntabilitas politik yang bersandar pada kebaikan bersama sangat ditentukan oleh kesadaran dan partisipasi rakyat dalam penyelenggaraan urusan publik, termasuk memiliki kemampuan untuk berurusan dengan pemerintah dan institusi demokrasi lainnya guna meningkatkan kontrol publik yang berorientasi pada kebutuhan, nilai atau kesempatan melalui tindakan partisipatoris di dalam kelembagaan politik demokrasi
ANALISIS KOMPARATIF PENGATURAN DIMENSI ORGANISASI KPU SEBAGAI PENYELENGGARA PEMILU PADA UNDANG-UNDANG DI ERA PEMERINTAHAN PASCAORDE BARU
Authors: Sudrajat Tatang 
Published: April 2018

Beberapa undang-undang terkait pemilu yang terbit pada era pemerintahan pasca-Orde Baru telah memberi landasan kuat bagi pemilu yang makin demokratis, dan penyelenggara pemilu merupakan aspek strategis bagi keberlanjutannya. Karena itu, penting adanya analisis komparatif pengaturan dimensi-dimensi organisasi penyelenggara dalam undang-undang tersebut. Dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik kepustakaan, studi dokumenter dan analisis isi, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sembilan undang-undang yang pernah dan masih berlaku pada era pemerintahan pasca-Orde Baru memuat pengaturan dimensi organisasi, baik dimensi struktural maupun kontekstual. Dimensi struktural meliputi formalisasi, spesialisasi, sentralisasi, standardisasi, hirarki kewenangan, kompleksitas, profesionalisme, sedangkan dimensi kontekstual meliputi ukuran organisasi, teknologi organisasi dan lingkungan. Dua undang-undang tentang Penyelenggara Pemilu yaitu UU Nomor 22 Tahun 2007 dan UU Nomor 15 Tahun 2011 lebih lengkap dan memadai memuat berbagai dimensi organisasi dibandingkan dengan tujuh undang-undang lainnya (UU Nomor 3 Tahun 1999, UU Nomor 12 Tahun 2003, UU Nomor 23 Tahun 2003, UU Nomor 32 Tahun 2004, UU Nomor 10 Tahun 2008, UU Nomor 42 Tahun 2008, dan UU Nomor 1 Tahun 2015).Ada tiga dimensi organisasi yang terkandung penuh dalam kesembilan undang-undang tersebut, yaitu spesialisasi, teknologi organisasi dan lingkungan, sehingga oleh karenanya jauh lebih lengkap dibandingkan dengan dimensi lainnya, khususnya dimensi profesionalisme, dimensi sentralisasi dan konfigurasi. Terdapat beberapa inkonsistensi dan permasalahan substantif terkait penyelenggara pemilu dalam UU Nomor 15 tahun 2011 yang saat ini menjadi pedoman pengaturan berbagai dimensi organisasi penyelenggara pemilu. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar UU Nomor 15 Tahun 2011 disempurnakan untuk lebih mengakomodasi beberapa dimensi organisasi yang pengaturannya belum memadai. Diantaranya berkaitan dengan ukuran organisasi (kesesuaian jumlah anggota dengan kondisi geografis), profesionalisme (tingkat pendidikan dan kesesuaian bidang ilmu) dan sentralisasi (proses, bentuk, dan jenis keputusan organisasi).Kata kunci : organisasi, dimensi organisasi, pemilu
Study of the Potential Use of Lithium in Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury in Rat Model
Authors: Kora Mahmoud Abdelaziz , Yassin Yassin Salah , Zahran Ahmed Mohamed , Ragheb Ahmed , Abdellatif Safwa Othman , Elbatsh Maha , Yousef Wael Mohamed , El-Rebey Hala Said , Mohamed Asmaa Shams El-Dein 
Published: April 2018

Background: Management of acute kidney injury is still facing a big problem. It is only dependent up till now on supportive measures, like fluid resuscitation and renal replacement therapy. No current drug therapy has been approved for the treatment of acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury situations in a lot of cases can be predicted so, finding a drug for AKI will really benefit many patients. The pathophysiology of AKI is complex and many signaling pathways are involved in it. The Glycogen synthase kinase 3B enzyme is an important member in some of these pathways. The effect of its inhibition by the FDA approved drug, lithium on AKI is still under study.Material & Methods: The current study was conducted on28 Male Sprague–Dawley rats. We classified the rats into groups. We induced acute kidney injury to rats with cisplatin. We administered lithium chloride to treat AKI in comparison with saline treatment. We have done renal functions and histopathological examinations to all rats enrolled in our study.Results: Single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) in rat induced acute kidney injury. The effect of lithium chloride treatment with dose (80 mg/kg) on serum creatinine and blood urea levels showed significant regression in the rising of serum creatinine and blood urea in lithium chloride treated rats in comparison to saline-treated rats. Pathological pictures and scores demonstrated an improvement in lithium chloride treated rats than saline-treated but results were not significant.Conclusion:Administration of lithium may be a promising treatment for acute kidney injury.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 2, Issue 11 (July-December, 2017) Page:14-19
The unified theory – Neurology of emotions and how to control them
Authors: Cherian Iype , Burhan Hira , Kaur Harshpreet , Shreewastav Rupesh Kumar 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The major emotions such as fear, anger, joy and sadness are created through a complex mechanism in the temporal lobe combining data from all the sensory inputs to the brain. However, these emotions may turn into extreme manifestations when the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system transform these emotions to panic, rage, orgasm/laughter and grief. The Papez circuit which is at play for this “different turn” may be inactivated or could be over ridden by forebrain activity, that is, sequencing. This probably was the reason to the old adage of counting to ten when one is emotional. In this article, we hope to look at the basis and the neurology behind this and formulate a method to overcome panic.Materials & Methods:A pilot study of 10 children aged 10 -16 was done on 16th October 2017. These children were shown pictures inducing fear and anger. A Visual Analogue Score (VAS) was used to determine the induced emotion. Next, the children were made to do sequencing tasks like mathematical calculations while viewing the similar graphics again. The new score was recorded and the data analyzed.Results: The most frequently recorded VAS (n=4) before sequencing was around 6.0, and between 3.0-3.5 post sequencing. The mean VAS without sequencing was 6.19 ± 0.91, which reduced to 3.65 ± 0.665. On comparing the individual VAS scores before and after sequencing, there was a general trend of a decreased VAS post-sequencing. The results were statistically significant with a p-value <0.05.Conclusion: The study indicated that some form of sequencing while perceiving the fearful or any emotional stimuli might blunt the emotion and may not produce extreme emotions. This would be an extremely interesting and useful piece of information for many who are in cutting edge professions and competitive sports. However, much study needs to be performed to further validate this initial conclusion.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 2, Issue 11 (July-December, 2017) Page:29-34
Discordances à l’aube de l’islamisation du droit à Aceh (décembre 2002)
Authors: Feillard Andrée 
Published: April 2018

Dissonances at the Dawn of Islamization of Law in Aceh (December 2002).
A series of interviews done in December 2002 in Aceh offers an interesting perspective of the Islamization of law at this early stage of the new legislation, when the first by-laws (qanun) were just passed by the local Parliament, awaiting their implementation. The interviews reveal a rift among Acehnese, with on one side, conservative ulama, revivalist activists (dakwah faculty), and politicians from ‘ secular’ or moderate Islamic parties pushing for sharia implementation, and on the other, sceptics who include traditionalist non-politicized ulama, modernist intellectuals and anti-revivalist politicians. The idea of sharia as an “ unwanted gift” given by Jakarta seems to be confirmed, but also the willingness to use sharia as a tool for “ social engineering” as well as increased revivalist influences as observed by Michael Feener ten years later.
La pointe nord de Sumatra et la côte orientale de l’Inde : horizons économiques (XIIe s.-XVIIe s.)
Authors: Perret Daniel 
Published: April 2018

The northern Tip of Sumatra and the eastern Coast of India : economic opportunities (12th-17th centuries).
This article considers the economic history of the northern tip of Sumatra in the longue durée by focusing on its interactions with the east coast of India, defined here as the coastline between Chittagong and Cape Comorin, from the twelfth to the seventeenth centuries. It is based on two assumptions : these interactions were continuous during the period under study here, and detailed contemporaneous archaeological data from neighbouring areas, especially from Barus on the west coast, are relevant to remedy the paucity of data available for the northern tip itself. Indian inscriptions and Western sources, whether travelogues or trading companies archives, especially from the VOC, complete the corpus of sources. Three aspects are considered : the bases of the economic positioning of the northern tip of Sumatra in relation to the eastern coast of India, the various categories of actors involved in this economic history, and finally the main trading places on the eastern coast India for which economic contacts with the northern tip of Sumatra were likely or attested during the period under study here.
A simple extension of the commonly used fitting equation for oscillatory structural forces in case of silica nanoparticle suspensions
Authors: Schön Sebastian , von Klitzing Regine 
Published: April 2018

Background: The ordering of molecules or particles in the vicinity of a confining surface leads to the formation of an interfacial region with layers of decreasing order normal to the confining surfaces. The overlap of two interfacial regions gives rise to the well-known phenomenon of oscillatory structural forces. These forces are commonly fitted with an exponentially decaying harmonic oscillation as introduced by Israelachvili (Israelachvili, J. N. Intermolecular & surface forces; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA, 1985). From the fit three important parameters are obtained, namely wavelength, amplitude and decay length, which are related to the period, the strength and the correlation length of the oscillatory structural forces, respectively. The paper addresses structural forces between a silica microsphere and a silicon wafer across silica nanoparticle suspensions measured with a colloidal probe AFM. Using the simple fitting procedure with three parameters often leads to underestimation of actually measured forces. The deviation of the fit from the experimental data is especially pronounced at small distances of the confining surfaces and at high concentrations of silica nanoparticles. As a consequence, the parameters of the common fit equation vary with the starting point of the fit. Although the wavelength is least affected and seems to be quite robust against the starting point of the fit, all three parameters show distinct oscillations, with a period similar to the wavelength of the oscillatory structural forces themselves. The oscillations of amplitude and decay length, which are of much higher magnitude, show a phase shift of 180° implying not only a dependence on the starting point of the fit but also on each other. The range affected by this systematic deviation of the fit parameters is much larger than the optically perceived mismatch between fit and experimental data, giving a false impression of robustness of the fit.Results: By introducing an additional term of exponentially decaying nature the data can be fitted accurately down to very small separations and even for high silica nanoparticle concentrations (10 wt %). Furthermore wavelength, amplitude and decay length become independent of the starting point of the fit and in case of the latter two of each other. The larger forces at small separations indicate a more pronounced ordering behavior of the particles in the final two layers before the wall. This behavior is described by the proposed extension of the common fit equation.Conclusion: Thus, the extension increases the accessible data range in terms of separation and concentration and strongly increases the accuracy for all fitting parameters in the system studied here.
Le voyage de Paris à Constantinople de l’ambassadeur de France auprès du sultan ottoman ( xvi e - xviii e siècle)
Authors: Brizay François 
Published: April 2018

Le récit du voyage que firent six ambassadeurs de France entre 1547 et 1768 pour gagner leur poste à Constantinople nous renseigne sur les conditions matérielles de leur voyage (les difficultés et les dangers rencontrés sur la route des Balkans et en mer, les moyens de transport et les conditions de logement) et sur l’accueil qu’ils reçurent en cours de route. Les récits accordent une place significative au protocole et au cérémonial observés pendant les étapes, que l’accueil fût officiel ou impromptu. Ils s’inscrivent dans une tradition de la littérature de voyage qui laisse peu de place à la nouveauté, et l’on observe qu’au xviii e siècle l’attitude des auteurs reste ambiguë à l’égard de l’Empire ottoman, car elle oscille entre une curiosité bienveillante et érudite, et une critique sans concessions.
Mobilité et commensalité diplomatiques : recevoir les résidents de France à Genève au xviii e siècle
Authors: Brandli Fabrice 
Published: April 2018

Les relations diplomatiques impliquent l’organisation de la mobilité légitime des négociateurs et la régularisation des formes de l’hospitalité où les prescriptions juridiques se combinent à la force des usages. Au xviii e siècle, les résidents de France auprès de la république de Genève sont soumis aux contraintes du voyage entre Paris et leur légation, contraintes à la fois matérielles et symboliques. Coût des déplacements et difficultés de progression en fonction de l’état des routes s’articulent aux modes cérémoniels du franchissement de la frontière comme formulation ritualisée de l’interaction entre deux souverainetés que distingue l’identité politique et confessionnelle. Au terme du voyage, la commensalité s’inscrit dans la circulation des dons diplomatiques. Elle mobilise les ressources économiques et les savoir-faire, elle exprime le prestige des hôtes, le rang hiérarchique des commensaux, et ne prend tout son sens qu’à la condition de comprendre la diplomatie comme un système d’interaction culturelle.
De la génétique à l’épigénétique : une révolution « post-génomique » à l’usage des sociologues
Authors: Dubois Michel , Guaspare Catherine , Louvel Séverine 
Published: April 2018

Resume Cette note critique étudie l’impact de la révolution dite « post-génomique » pour les sciences sociales à partir de cinq ouvrages1 publiés entre 2016 et 2017. Il s’agit non seulement d’introduire le lecteur français à l’actualité des débats dans les pays anglo-saxons sur la redéfinition en cours des frontières entre sociologie et biologie, mais également et surtout de contribuer à la réflexion sur l’évolution des pratiques de recherche interdisciplinaire. Une attention particulière est accordée au domaine émergent de l’épigénétique et à la manière dont il est représenté par ces ouvrages comme le lieu par excellence de la révolution post-génomique. L’article souligne l’importance pour les sociologues de prendre conscience des opportunités associées à cette révolution, tout comme de s’affranchir d’un certain nombre d’idées reçues. Il insiste également sur la nécessité de maintenir une distance critique suffisante par rapport à un domaine de recherche « prometteur ».
Enseigner dans les marges
Authors: Kherroubi Martine , Millet Mathias , Thin Daniel 
Published: April 2018

Résumé Cet article traite des enseignants en poste dans les dispositifs relais. Créés en 1996 dans le cadre d'un Plan de lutte contre la violence scolaire, ces dispositifs s'inscrivent dans le prolongement du modèle de « ségrégation partielle » qui regroupe les élèves en grande difficulté sociale et scolaire dans des voies spécialisées. Si ces dispositifs dérogatoires constituent un lieu de relégation pour des élèves sortis des classes généralistes du collège, ils sont aussi un espace professionnel spécifique relativement libre de prescriptions pour les enseignants qui y sont affectés. Ils donnent accès à de nouvelles fonctions et à de nouvelles tâches, à un niveau de responsabilité important, et à une place relativement singulière dans l'institution. Conduits à exercer en dehors du cursus scolaire modal, ces derniers ne semblent ni marginalisés ni particulièrement dominés au sein de leur univers professionnel. Au contraire, l'enquête montre qu'ils se saisissent plutôt de leur poste dans un dispositif relais comme d'une possibilité d'accorder leur activité professionnelle avec le rapport au métier et les dispositions construites au fil de leur parcours. C'est ce que s'attachent à montrer les pages qui suivent.Teaching with Marginalised PupilsThis article focuses on the teachers that intervene in programs designed for out-of-school secondary pupils. Created in 1996, these programs are part of a "partial segregation" model aimed at tracking students faced with important social and academic difficulties into specific curricula. Whereas these programs segregate students taken out of the non-specialized classrooms, they also create a specific professional space where teachers are relatively free from the standard prescriptions that structure regular secondary education. Such programs give teachers access to new functions, new tasks, important levels of responsibility, and specific spaces relatively particular in the institution. As they practice outside the standard school program, these teachers seem neither marginalized nor particularly dominated within their professional universe. On the contrary, this research shows that they seize upon their situation as a possibility for adapting their professional activity with the perspectives and the dispositions built along their social path.
Les mémoires disséminées de la transition démocratique au Mexique : usages politiques et sociaux de l’histoire des dissidences priistes des années 1950-1990
Authors: Plu-Jenvrin Raphaële 
Published: April 2018

Cette recherche porte sur les mémoires de deux dissidences priistes conduites par deux personnalités politiques très différentes du Mexique des années 1950-1960 : celle dirigée par Salvador Nava Martínez dans l’État de San Luis Potosí entre 1958 et 1992 et celle menée depuis l’intérieur du Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) à la fin des années 1960 par Carlos Madrazo Becerra qui, en 1964-1965, avait échoué – depuis la présidence du Comité exécutif national – à réformer les modalités de désignation de ses candidats aux élections locales et nationales. Nous nous interrogeons sur la façon dont les récits et les commémorations consacrés à ces dissidences au cours des années 1990-2000 se sont ajoutés aux multiples productions historiographiques – nationales et régionales – de la post-révolution et de l’opposition politique. Ces dernières n’ont en effet jamais cessé d’être au contact – c’est-à-dire au service – des usages politiques de l’histoire de la révolution, lesquels ont souvent transcendé les clivages partisans à mesure que les années de la « transition démocratique » contribuaient à une recomposition des alliances nationales et locales censées lutter contre l’héritage d’une hégémonie priiste en déclin. Que nous enseignent les traces laissées par ces dissidences priistes sur les différentes « histoires officielles » étudiées par l’historien Javier Garcíadiego dans un article intitulé « ¿Es posible –o deseable– una nueva historia oficial? », publié en 2005 ? Que nous apprennent-elles sur les changements survenus dans les usages politiques de ces « histoires officielles » dans le Mexique de la transition démocratique dont de nombreux historiens situent précisément les origines dans le Mexique de la fin des années 1960 ?
A Growing Consensus for Change in Interpretation of Clinical Research Evidence
Authors: Wilkerson Gary B. , Denegar Craig R. 
Published: April 2018

Context:
The paradigm of evidence-based practice (EBP) is well established among the health care professions, but perspectives on the best methods for acquiring, analyzing, appraising, and using research evidence are evolving.

Background:
The EBP paradigm has shifted away from a hierarchy of research-evidence quality to recognize that multiple research methods can yield evidence to guide clinicians and patients through a decision-making process. Whereas the “frequentist” approach to data interpretation through hypothesis testing has been the dominant analytical method used by and taught to athletic training students and scholars, this approach is not optimal for integrating evidence into routine clinical practice. Moreover, the dichotomy of rejecting, or failing to reject, a null hypothesis is inconsistent with the Bayesian-like clinical decision-making process that skilled health care providers intuitively use. We propose that data derived from multiple research methods can be best interpreted by reporting a credible lower limit that represents the smallest treatment effect at a specified level of certainty, which should be judged in relation to the smallest effect considered to be clinically meaningful. Such an approach can provide a quantifiable estimate of certainty that an individual patient needs follow-up attention to prevent an adverse outcome or that a meaningful level of therapeutic benefit will be derived from a given intervention.

Conclusions:
The practice of athletic training will be influenced by the evolution of the EBP paradigm. Contemporary practice will require clinicians to expand their critical-appraisal skills to effectively integrate the results derived from clinical research into the care of individual patients. Proper interpretation of a credible lower limit value for a magnitude ratio has the potential to increase the likelihood of favorable patient outcomes, thereby advancing the practice of evidence-based athletic training.