bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking microhabitat temperature variation with iButton data loggers
Authors: Fawcett Susan , Sistla Seeta , Dacosta‐Calheiros Manny , Kahraman Abdullah , Reznicek Anton A. , Rosenberg Rachel , von Wettberg Eric J. B. 
Published: April 2019

Premise of the StudyFine‐scale variation in temperature and soil moisture contribute to microhabitats across the landscape, affecting plant phenology, distribution, and fitness. The recent availability of compact and inexpensive temperature and humidity data loggers such as iButtons has facilitated research on microclimates.Methods and ResultsHere, we highlight the use of iButtons in three distinct settings: comparisons of empirical data to modeled climate data for rare rock ferns in the genus Asplenium in eastern North America; generation of fine‐scale data to predict flowering time and vernalization responsiveness of crop wild relatives of chickpea from southeastern Anatolia; and measurements of extreme thermal variation of solar array installations in Vermont.DiscussionWe highlight a range of challenges with iButtons, including serious limitations of the Hygrochron function that affect their utility for measuring soil moisture, and methods for protecting them from the elements and from human interference. Finally, we provide MATLAB code to facilitate the processing of raw iButton data.
Spontaneous Nanobelt Formation by Self‐Assembly of β‐Benzyl GABA
Authors: Jeon Aram , Gong Jintaek , Oh Jun Kyun , Kwon Sunbum , Lee Wonchul , Kim Sang Ouk , Cho Sung June , Lee Hee‐Seung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present the formation of a nanobelt by self‐assembly of β‐benzyl GABA (γ‐aminobutyric acid). This simple γ‐amino acid building block self‐assembled to form a well‐defined nanobelt in chloroform. The nanobelt showed distinct optical properties due to π–π interactions. This new‐generation self‐assembled single amino acid may serve as a template for functional nanomaterials.
Dauerhaftigkeit von Beton im Bauteil
Authors: Jacobs Frank 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn den letzten Jahrzehnten beruhen in Europa Schäden an Stahlbetonbauteilen vor allem auf einer ungenügenden Dauerhaftigkeit. Für eine ausreichende Dauerhaftigkeit muss ein Beton in der notwendigen Qualität fachgerecht eingebaut und nachbehandelt werden. Zudem ist die notwendige Bewehrungsüberdeckung sicherzustellen. Untersuchungen zeigten, dass trotz Vorgaben an die Betonzusammensetzung je nach Expositionsklasse große Unterschiede in den an separat hergestellten Probekörpern bestimmten Betoneigenschaften entstehen können. Folglich wird in der Schweiz von den Betonherstellern gefordert, dass diese nicht nur die Vorgaben an die Betonzusammensetzung einhalten, sondern auch Prüfungen an separat hergestellten Probekörpern durchführen müssen. Jedoch stellte sich die Frage, inwieweit mit den Prüfungen an separat hergestellten Probekörpern die Betonqualität im Bauteil tatsächlich beurteilt werden kann. Bei den separat hergestellten Probekörpern können u. a. die Einflüsse der Bauteilgeometrie, des Betoneinbaus, dessen Nachbehandlung und der Umgebungsbedingungen auf das Bauteil nicht erfasst werden. Im Rahmen eines vom Bundesamt für Strassen (ASTRA) geförderten Forschungsvorhabens wurden zwischen 2015 und 2018 bei mehreren Tiefbaubauvorhaben Untersuchungen an Bauteilen mit jeweils ähnlicher Geometrie mehrfach durchgeführt. Die Untersuchungen umfassten Frischbetonprüfungen, Prüfungen an separat hergestellten Probekörpern sowie Bohrkernuntersuchungen aus dem Bauteil. Die Festbetonprüfungen fanden im Alter von 28 Tagen als auch im höheren Alter statt. Es wurden dabei die Druckfestigkeit, der Chloridmigrationskoeffizient, der Frosttausalzwiderstand und der Karbonatisierungswiderstand bestimmt. Zudem wurden als zerstörungsfreie Prüfungen die Prellhärte und die Luftpermeabilität bestimmt. Es zeigten sich große Abweichungen und Streuungen bei den Betoneigenschaften zwischen den separat hergestellten Prüfkörpern und Bohrkernen aus Bauteilen.
Mikrobiologie in der Schule
Authors: Pitt Alexandra , Hahn Martin W. 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungIm Projekt „Verborgene Welt der Bakterien“ arbeiten über zwei Jahre Schülerinnen und Schüler von sechs Oberstufenklassen von Gymnasien in und um Salzburg mit Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern des Forschungsinstitutes für Limnologie, Mondsee der Universität Innsbruck zusammen. Ziel ist es, gemeinsam neue Bakterienstämme aus Gewässern der Umgebung zu isolieren und als Arten oder höhere taxonomische Einheiten zu beschreiben.
Gelenke, Führungen und Verbindungen
Authors: Nachtigall Werner 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Vergleich biologischer und technischer „Maschinenelemente“ lässt teils verblüffende funktionsmorphologische Gemeinsamkeiten erkennen. Da die Vergleichspartner einerseits ähnliche bis gleiche Funktionen aufweisen, andererseits aus unterschiedlichen Reichen stammen, handelt es sich um klassische Analogien. Meist sind die technischen Elemente bis in Einzelheiten bekannt, biologische werden immer wieder neu entdeckt. Der biotechnische Vergleich („Technische Biologie“) erlaubt somit in erster Linie ein besseres Verstehen der biologischen Strukturen, weniger die bionische Weiterentwicklung technischer. Dies wird an Hand einfacherer Elemente wie Gelenke, Führungen und Verbindungen aufgezeigt. Im Teil 2 des Artikels werden dann komplexere Analoga einander gegenübergestellt.
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Westhoff Peter 
Published: April 2019

Wissenschaft & GesellschaftPlan SKooperationAusbildungInternationale BiologieOlympiadeArs legendi‐Fakultätenpreis Mathematik und NaturwissenschaftenLandesverbändeSachsen
3‐Aryl Coumarin Derivatives Bearing Aminoalkoxy Moiety as Multi‐Target‐Directed Ligands against Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Abdshahzadeh Helia , Golshani Mostafa , Nadri Hamid , Saberi Kia Iraj , Abdolahi Zahra , Forootanfar Hamid , Ameri Alieh , Tüylü Küçükkılınç Tuba , Ayazgok Beyza , Jalili‐Baleh Leili , Sadat Ebrahimi Seyed Esmaeil , Moghimi Setareh , Haririan Ismaeil , Khoobi Mehdi , Foroumadi Alireza 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTwo series of novel coumarin derivatives, substituted at 3 and 7 positions with aminoalkoxy groups, are synthesized, characterized, and screened. The effect of amine substituents and the length of cross‐linker are investigated in acetyl‐ and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) inhibition. Target compounds show moderate to potent inhibitory activities against AChE and BuChE. 3‐(3,4‐Dichlorophenyl)‐7‐[4‐(diethylamino)butoxy]‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (4y) is identified as the most potent compound against AChE (IC50=0.27 μm). Kinetic and molecular modeling studies affirmed that compound 4y works in a mixed‐type way and interacts simultaneously with the catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. In addition, compound 4y blocks β‐amyloid (Aβ) self‐aggregation with a ratio of 44.11 % at 100 μm and significantly protects PC12 cells from H2O2‐damage in a dose‐dependent manner.
Recent Updates on Corals from Nephtheidae
Authors: Abdelhafez Omnia Hesham , Fahim John Refaat , Desoukey Samar Yehia , Kamel Mohamed Salah , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMarine natural products display a wide range of biological activities, which play a vital role in the innovation of lead compounds for the drug development. Soft corals have been ranked at the top in regard to the discovery of bioactive metabolites with potential pharmaceutical applications. Many of the isolated cembranoids revealed diverse biological activities, such as anticancer, antidiabetic and anti‐osteoporosis. Likewise, sterols from soft corals exhibited interesting biological potential as anti‐inflammatory, antituberculosis and anticancer. Consequently, investigating marine soft corals will definitely lead to the discovery of a large number of chemically varied secondary metabolites with countless bioactivities for possible applications in medicine and pharmaceutical industry. This review provides a complete survey of all metabolites isolated from the family Nephtheidae, from 2011 until November 2018, along with their natural sources and biological potential whenever possible.
Cell death: a review of the major forms of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy
Authors: D’Arcy Mark S 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCell death was once believed to be the result of one of two distinct processes, apoptosis (also known as programmed cell death) or necrosis (uncontrolled cell death); in recent years, however, several other forms of cell death have been discovered highlighting that a cell can die via a number of differing pathways. Apoptosis is characterised by a number of characteristic morphological changes in the structure of the cell, together with a number of enzyme‐dependent biochemical processes. The result being the clearance of cells from the body, with minimal damage to surrounding tissues. Necrosis, however, is generally characterised to be the uncontrolled death of the cell, usually following a severe insult, resulting in spillage of the contents of the cell into surrounding tissues and subsequent damage thereof. Failure of apoptosis and the resultant accumulation of damaged cells in the body can result in various forms of cancer. An understanding of the pathways is therefore important in developing efficient chemotherapeutics. It has recently become clear that there exists a number of subtypes of apoptosis and that there is an overlap between apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of the current knowledge relating to the various forms of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, oncosis, pyroptosis and autophagy. This will provide researchers with a summary of the major forms of cell death and allow them to compare and contrast between them.
IgA1 isolated from Henoch‐Schönlein purpura children promotes proliferation of human mesangial cells in vitro
Authors: Zhang Qin , Yan Lili , Chen Mingyu , Gui Ming , Lu Ling , Deng Fang , Ren Zhenhua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevious studies show that the proliferation of human mesangial cells (HMCs) played a significant part in the pathogenesis of Henoch‐Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). The aim of this study was to explore the proliferation of HMCs induced by IgA1 isolated from the sera of HSP patients. HMCs were cultured in three different types of media, including IgA1 from patients with HSP (HSP IgA1 group), healthy children (healthy IgA1 group) and medium (control group). The proliferation of HMCs incubated with IgA1 was determined by cell counting kit‐8 assay and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. The expression of ERK1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian targets of the rapamycin (PI3K/AKt/mTOR) signals and transferrin receptor (TfR/CD71) was detected with the methods of immunoblotting. The results indicated that the proliferation of HMCs significantly increased in the HSP IgA1 group compared with that in the control group or the healthy IgA1 group (P < 0.001). Moreover, we found that IgA1 isolated from HSP patients activated ERK and PI3K/AKt/mTOR signals, and markedly increased TfR/CD71 expression in HMCs. These effects induced by IgA1 isolated from patients with HSP were inhibited by human TfR polyclonal antibody (hTfR pAb) and soluble human transferrin receptor (sTfR), indicating that IgA1‐induced HMC proliferation and ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKt/mTOR activation were dependent on TfR/CD71 engagement. Altogether, these data suggested that TfR/CD71 overexpression and ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKt/mTOR activation were engaged in HMC proliferation induced by IgA1 from HSP patients, which might be related to the mesangial injury of HSPN.
Day case discharge of patients treated with drug coated balloon only angioplasty for de novo coronary artery disease: A single center experience
Authors: Merinopoulos Ioannis , Wickramarachchi Upul , Wardley James , Khanna Vikram , Gunawardena Tharusha , Maart Clint , Vassiliou Vassilios S. , Eccleshall Simon C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report our initial experience with drug coated balloon (DCB) only angioplasty and propose a protocol to achieve this safely.BackgroundThere are no articles published in the literature currently regarding the safety of same day discharge in patients treated with DCB‐only angioplasty.MethodsRetrospective review of all our patients treated with DCB‐only angioplasty from September 2017 to April 2018 with identification of potential complications relating to same day discharge.ResultsA total of 100 consecutive patients who underwent elective DCB‐only angioplasty for de novo coronary artery disease and were discharged on the same day as the procedure were included. In 99% no cardiac symptoms relating to the procedure requiring urgent hospitalization or urgent investigations were identified. One patient was readmitted the next day requiring stenting of the previously treated lesion. Our 30‐day mortality was zero. Some 97 hospital bed days were saved with 100 patients treated.ConclusionElective day‐case DCB‐only angioplasty according to our local protocol is safe and cost‐effective and should be considered for the majority of the patients.
Assembling Two‐Phase Enzymatic Cascade Pathways in Pickering Emulsion
Authors: Pan Yongchun , Qiu Wu , Li Qin , Zhu Shuihong , Lin Changxu , Zeng Wenbin , Xiong Xueqing , Liu Xiang Yang , Lin Youhui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 07/2019 is provided by researchers from Xiamen University (China) and National University of Singapore (Singapore). The image shows a one‐pot biphasic enzymatic cascade pathway with the aid of Pickering emulsion. See the Communication itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201900098.
Optimization of Drug Candidates That Inhibit the D‐Loop Activity of RAD51
Authors: Budke Brian , Tueckmantel Werner , Miles Kelsey , Kozikowski Alan P. , Connell Philip P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRAD51 is the central protein in homologous recombination (HR) repair, where it first binds ssDNA and then catalyzes strand invasion via a D‐loop intermediate. Additionally, RAD51 plays a role in faithful DNA replication by protecting stalled replication forks; this requires RAD51 to bind DNA but may not require the strand invasion activity of RAD51. We previously described a small‐molecule inhibitor of RAD51 named RI(dl)‐2 (RAD51 inhibitor of D‐loop formation #2, hereafter called 2 h), which inhibits D‐loop activity while sparing ssDNA binding. However, 2 h is limited in its ability to inhibit HR in vivo, preventing only about 50 % of total HR events in cells. We sought to improve upon this by performing a structure–activity relationship (SAR) campaign for more potent analogues of 2 h. Most compounds were prepared from 1‐(2‐aminophenyl)pyrroles by forming the quinoxaline moiety either by condensation with aldehydes, then dehydrogenation of the resulting 4,5‐dihydro intermediates, or by condensation with N,N′‐carbonyldiimidazole, chlorination, and installation of the 4‐substituent through Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. Many analogues exhibited enhanced activity against human RAD51, but in several of these compounds the increased inhibition was due to the introduction of dsDNA intercalation activity. We developed a sensitive assay to measure dsDNA intercalation, and identified two analogues of 2 h that promote complete HR inhibition in cells while exerting minimal intercalation activity.
Development of Fibrates as Important Scaffolds in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Giampietro Letizia , Ammazzalorso Alessandra , Amoroso Rosa , De Filippis Barbara 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFibrates are a class of phenoxyisobutyric acid derivatives mainly used as anti‐hyperlipidemic agents. The fibrate scaffold has undergone a variety of chemical modifications, providing a wide spectrum of biological activities. Within the last few years, the majority of new synthetic fibrate derivatives have demonstrated hypolipidemic activity through peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) activation. However, some compounds containing the fibrate scaffold have shown different pharmacological properties, also independent of PPARα activation, such as anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and antiplatelet activities. The aim of this review is to highlight the structure–activity relationships (SAR) in evaluating the significance of fibrates in the field of medicinal chemistry.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nipecotic Acid and Guvacine Derived 1,3‐Disubstituted Allenes as Inhibitors of Murine GABA Transporter mGAT1
Authors: Schaarschmidt Maren , Höfner Georg , Wanner Klaus T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA new class of nipecotic acid and guvacine derivatives has been synthesized and characterized for their inhibitory potency at mGAT1–4 and binding affinity for mGAT1. Compounds of the described class are defined by a four‐carbon‐atom allenyl spacer connecting the nitrogen atom of the nipecotic acid or guvacine head with an aromatic residue. Among the compounds investigated, the mixture of nipecotic acid derivatives rac‐{(Ra)‐1‐[4‐([1,1′:2′,1′′‐terphenyl]‐2‐yl)buta‐2,3‐dien‐1‐yl](3R)‐piperidine‐3‐carboxylic acid} and rac‐{(Sa)‐1‐[4‐([1,1′:2′,1′′‐terphenyl]‐2‐yl)buta‐2,3‐dien‐1‐yl](3R)‐piperidine‐3‐carboxylic acid} (21 p), possessing an o‐terphenyl residue, was identified as highly selective and the most potent mGAT1 inhibitor in this study. For the (R)‐nipecotic acid derived form of 21 p, the inhibitory potency in [3H]GABA uptake assays was determined as pIC50=6.78±0.08, and the binding affinity in MS Binding Assays as pKi=7.10±0.12. The synthesis of the designed compounds was carried out by a two‐step procedure, generating the allene moiety via allenylation of terminal alkynes which allows broad variation of the terminal phenyl and biphenyl subunit.
Join query optimization in the distributed database system using an artificial bee colony algorithm and genetic operators
Authors: Panahi Vahideh , Navimipour Nima Jafari 
Published: April 2019

SummaryAs the main factor in the distributed database systems, query optimization is aimed at finding an optimal execution plan to reduce the runtime. In such systems, because of the repeated relations on various sites, the query optimization is very challenging. Moreover, the query optimization issue with large‐scale distributed databases is an NP‐hard problem. Therefore, in this paper, an Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm based on Genetic Operators (ABC‐GO) is proposed to find a solution to join the query optimization problems in the distributed database systems. The ABC algorithm has the global–local search capabilities and genetic operators to create new candidate solutions for improving the performance of the ABC algorithm. The obtained results have shown that the cost of the query evaluation is minimized and the quality of Top‐K query plans is improved for a given distributed query. Moreover, this method decreases the overhead. However, it needs a longer execution time.
Design and Synthesis of Metronidazole‐Based Photoswitches With Potential Biological Applications
Authors: Martínez‐López David , García‐Iriepa Cristina , Piñeiro‐Hermida Sergio , López Icíar P. , Fernández‐Martínez Diana , Alfaro‐Arnedo Elvira , Pichel José G. , Campos Pedro J. , Sampedro Diego 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhotocontrol of the activity of biomolecules is a promising field to selectively target specific cells or tissues. Herein, we present a rational design of novel photoactive molecules which combine a metronidazole‐like moiety, responsible for the cytotoxic activity, and a photoswitchable unit. The proposed compounds stand out for their straightforward synthesis (two steps through a simple and versatile route), as well as their photochemical and thermal stability. These compounds are water soluble and their photoisomerization takes place with a high quantum yield. A computational study was performed to guide the design of this novel family, to fully characterize their structure and properties and to aid in the analysis of the experimental results. Moreover, the photoisomerized forms feature cytotoxicity in the micromolar range against human cancer cell lines, allowing a complete off/on photocontrol of the biological activity.
Machine Learning Based Real‐Time Image‐Guided Cell Sorting and Classification
Authors: Gu Yi , Zhang Alex Ce , Han Yuanyuan , Li Jie , Chen Clark , Lo Yu‐Hwa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCell classification based on phenotypical, spatial, and genetic information greatly advances our understanding of the physiology and pathology of biological systems. Technologies derived from next generation sequencing and fluorescent activated cell sorting are cornerstones for cell‐ and genomic‐based assays supporting cell classification and mapping. However, there exists a deficiency in technology space to rapidly isolate cells based on high content image information. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting can only resolve cell‐to‐cell variation in fluorescence and optical scattering. Utilizing microfluidics, photonics, computation microscopy, real‐time image processing and machine learning, we demonstrate an image‐guided cell sorting and classification system possessing the high throughput of flow cytometer and high information content of microscopy. We demonstrate the utility of this technology in cell sorting based on (1) nuclear localization of glucocorticoid receptors, (2) particle binding to the cell membrane, and (3) DNA damage induced γ‐H2AX foci. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Pharmacodynamic interaction of 3α‐hydroxymasticadienonic acid and diligustilide against indomethacin‐induced gastric damage in rats
Authors: Pineda‐Peña Elizabeth A. , Meza‐Pérez Dulce G. , Chávez‐Piña Aracely E. , Velázquez‐Moyado Josué A. , Tavares‐Carvalho José C. , Navarrete Castro Andrés 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aims of the study were to evaluate the pharmacodynamic interaction between 3α‐hydroxymasticadienonic acid and diligustilide (DLG), isolated from the plants Amphiptherygium adstringens and Ligusticum porteri, respectively, using the indomethacin‐induced gastric injury model, as well as their individual gastroprotective efficacy in this model. Male Wistar rats were orally administered with 3α‐hydroxymasticadienonic acid, DLG or the mixture of 3α‐hydroxymasticadienonic acid‐DLG (at a fixed‐ratio combination of 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1). Thirty minutes later, the gastric damage was induced by a single oral dose of indomethacin (30 mg/kg). Three hours later, the gastric injury (mm2) was determined. 3α‐hydroxymasticadienonic acid and DLG as individual compounds showed a gastroprotective effect against indomethacin‐induced gastric damage (p < .05). The effective dose (ED50) values for each compound were 6.96 ± 1.25 mg/kg for 3α‐hydroxymasticadienonic acid and 2.63 ± 0.37 mg/kg for DLG. The isobolographic analysis performed showed that the combination exhibited super‐additive interaction as the experimental ED50 values (Zexp) were lower than theoretical additive dose values (Zadd; p < .05). Our results identify the super‐additive (synergist) interaction between 3α‐hydroxymasticadienonic acid and DLG and the gastric safety of both compounds in the indomethacin—induced gastric injury model, suggesting their potential in the future as a strategy to decrease the gastric damage associated to the chronic use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).