bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convective and refractance window drying of cornelian cherry pulp: Effect on physicochemical properties
Authors: Tontul Ismail , Eroğlu Emrah , Topuz Ayhan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCornelian cherry is a wild fruit contains considerable amounts of bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, and phenolics. It has many different health beneficial effects due to these bioactive compounds. In the present study, convective drying and refractance window drying was employed in cornelian cherry pulp drying under different drying conditions. Moisture content (8.03–8.27 g/100 g), water activity (0.350–0.354), color properties, total monomeric anthocyanin content (247.47–347.3 mg C3G/kg dm), ascorbic acid content (0.81–0.90 g/kg dm), radical scavenging activity (0.87–1.47 g TEAA/kg dm), and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (18.80–24.10 mg/l) content of the powders were determined. According to the results, physicochemical properties of the samples produced by refractance window drying were better than those of convective drying. Higher drying temperatures and air velocities provided higher content of total monomeric anthocyanin content and radical scavenging activity in hot air drying. However, drying temperature was found to be ineffective on all tested parameters in refractance window dried samples. Overall, refractance window drying of cornelian cherry pulp at 90 °C is recommended to achieve good physicochemical properties.Practical applicationsRefractance window drying is an innovative drying system usually used in the drying of liquid and semi‐liquid foods. The results have shown that refractance window drying provided better physicochemical properties than convective drying in very short drying time.
The antibacterial effect of chitosan‐based edible coating incorporated with a lytic bacteriophage against Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the surface of tomatoes
Authors: Amarillas Luis , Lightbourn‐Rojas Luis , Angulo‐Gaxiola Ana K. , Basilio Heredia J. , González‐Robles Arturo , León‐Félix Josefina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEdible coating can be used as carriers of bacteriophages, whose release into the food surface could control bacterial growth. The aim of the study was to isolate and characterize bacteriophages against a wide range of E. coli strains. Furthermore, the efficacy of chitosan‐based edible coating incorporated with a lytic bacteriophage in the biological control of E. coli on the surface of tomatoes was evaluated and discussed. Three phages were isolated from raw beef and goat stool samples, and were characterized by host range, virion structure, and DNA restriction profiles. Analysis by electron microscopy revealed that the three phages belong to the Caudovirales order. Based on the host range of the phages, they have wide infection abilities against the Enterobacteriaceae family. Phages isolated have dsDNA genomes at about 40 kbp according to restriction digest of complete phage genome. The results demonstrate that the chitosan‐based edible coating can stabilize phage vB_EcoMH2W without significant loss in lytic activity of phage over a period of one week. Moreover, the results of bacterial growth analysis showed an approximately 3 log differences in microbial levels between the control and the treatment samples. Therefore, chitosan as edible coating would enhance the microbial safety of foods during storage.Practical applicationsThe development of functional edible coatings formulations incorporated with antimicrobial agents to minimize the risk of foodborne contamination by pathogens, inactivate pathogens present in the food, and limit pathogen growth is an environmentally friendly alternative that offers substantial advantages. Several antimicrobial agents, including phages, that can be incorporated into edible coating as packaging strategy to reducing levels of pathogenic bacterial. The edible coating incorporated with lytic phages have several potential applications in the food industry as a natural method for biocontrol of food‐borne pathogens, which can be released into the food slowly and steadily extending the antimicrobial activity.
Effects of different areca nut chewing habits on the gut microbiota of mice: High‐throughput sequencing analysis
Authors: Zhao Ziwei , Wu Zhongkun , Wang Chuanhua , Cheng Huan , Yi Shuhan , Li Ke , Li Zongjun , Wang Yuanliang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe chewing of areca nut is closely associated with human diseases such as oral submucous fibrosis and immune related diseases. Recent studies have focused on the pharmacological and toxicological effects of areca nut chewing, and have largely overlooked the effects on intestinal microbiota. In this study, we sought to understand how different methods of areca consumption affect intestinal microflora composition. A total of 60 male and 60 female Kunming mice were each randomly divided into six groups and fed different areca preparations to mimic different areca nut chewing habits. The preparations included fresh areca fruit; areca fruit with betel leaf or cured tobacco; brined areca; smoked brined areca; and a control. The fecal microbiota of mice in the 12 groups was compared after 28 days of oral gavage administration. To determine the composition and diversity of the fecal microbiota, we performed high‐throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA. In both male and female mice, the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbiota of the experimental groups were higher than those in the control groups. Furthermore, different areca preparations had different effects on the diversity, abundance, and composition of the intestinal flora of Kunming mice.Practical applicationsThe chewing of areca nuts in various forms is widespread in Asia and other areas. This manuscript first explores the effects of different areca nut chewing habits on the gut microbiota of mice. We then further clarify the impact of different areca nut chewing habits on intestinal health and provide a new direction for areca nut research. In addition, our findings will increase public understanding of areca nut usage and provide guidance for the areca nut industry.
Financial Contagion in the Laboratory: Does Network Structure Matter?
Authors: DUFFY JOHN , KARADIMITROPOULOU AIKATERINI , PARRAVANO MELANIE 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe explore the role of interbank network structure and premature liquidation costs for the likelihood of financial contagions in a laboratory experiment. We consider complete versus incomplete networks of banks linked together by interbank deposits, and we further vary premature liquidation costs. Subjects play the role of depositors deciding whether or not to withdraw funds from their interconnected bank. We find that when liquidation costs are high, a complete network structure is significantly less vulnerable to financial contagions than an incomplete network structure. However, when liquidation costs are low, network structure is less important for the frequency of financial contagions.
The International Bank Lending Channel of Monetary Policy Rates and QE: Credit Supply, Reach‐for‐Yield, and Real Effects
Authors: MORAIS BERNARDO , PEYDRÓ JOSÉ‐LUIS , ROLDÁN‐PEÑA JESSICA , RUIZ‐ORTEGA CLAUDIA 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWe identify the international credit channel by exploiting Mexican supervisory data sets and foreign monetary policy shocks in a country with a large presence of European and U.S. banks. A softening of foreign monetary policy expands credit supply of foreign banks (e.g., U.K. policy affects credit supply in Mexico via U.K. banks), inducing strong firm‐level real effects. Results support an international risk‐taking channel and spillovers of core countries’ monetary policies to emerging markets, both in the foreign monetary softening part (with higher credit and liquidity risk‐taking by foreign banks) and in the tightening part (with negative local firm‐level real effects).
Asset Allocation in Bankruptcy
Authors: BERNSTEIN SHAI , COLONNELLI EMANUELE , IVERSON BENJAMIN 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the consequences of liquidation and reorganization on the allocation and subsequent utilization of assets in bankruptcy. Using the random assignment of judges to bankruptcy cases as a natural experiment that forces some firms into liquidation, we find that the long‐run utilization of assets of liquidated firms is lower relative to assets of reorganized firms. These effects are concentrated in thin markets with few potential users and in areas with low access to finance. These findings suggest that when search frictions are large, liquidation can lead to inefficient allocation of assets in bankruptcy.
Copy number variation: A prognostic marker for young patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue
Authors: Gu Xiaolian , Coates Philip J. , Boldrup Linda , Wang Lixiao , Krejci Adam , Hupp Ted , Fahraeus Robin , Norberg‐Spaak Lena , Sgaramella Nicola , Wilms Torben , Nylander Karin 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) is increasing in people under age 40. There is an urgent need to identify prognostic markers that help identify young SCCOT patients with poor prognosis in order to select these for individualized treatment.Materials and methodsTo identify genetic markers that can serve as prognostic markers for young SCCOT patients, we first investigated four young (≤40 years) and five elderly patients (≥50 years) using global RNA sequencing and whole‐exome sequencing. Next, we combined our data with data on SCCOT from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), giving a total of 16 young and 104 elderly, to explore the correlations between genomic variations and clinical outcomes.ResultsIn agreement with previous studies, we found that SCCOT from young and elderly patients was transcriptomically and also genomically similar with no significant differences regarding cancer driver genes, germline predisposition genes, or the burden of somatic single nucleotide variations (SNVs). However, a disparate copy number variation (CNV) was found in young patients with distinct clinical outcome. Combined with data from TCGA, we found that the overall survival was significantly better in young patients with low‐CNV (n = 5) compared to high‐CNV (n = 11) burden (P = 0.044).ConclusionsCopy number variation burden is a useful single prognostic marker for SCCOT from young, but not elderly, patients. CNV burden thus holds promise to form an important contribution when selecting suitable treatment protocols for young patients with SCCOT.
Effects of 6% tetrastarch or lactated Ringer's solution on blood coagulation in hemorrhaged dogs
Authors: Diniz Miriely S. , Teixeira‐Neto Francisco J. , Gonçalves Daniele S. , Celeita‐Rodríguez Nathalia , Girotto Carolina H. , Fonseca Mariana W. , Takahira Regina K. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundTetrastarch solution (TS) can impair coagulation but the clinical relevance of this impairment is unclear in veterinary medicine.ObjectiveCompare the effects of volume replacement (VR) with lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or 6% TS on coagulation in hemorrhaged dogs.AnimalsSix healthy English Pointer dogs (19.7‐35.3 kg).MethodsProspective crossover study. Dogs were anesthetized without hemorrhage and VR (control). Two weeks later, dogs were hemorrhaged under anesthesia on 2 occasions (8‐week washout intervals) and randomly received VR with LRS or TS at 3:1 or 1:1 of shed blood, respectively, aiming to decrease the hematocrit to 33%. Rotational thromboelastometry and other coagulation variables were determined before 0.5, 2, and 4 hours after VR during anesthesia and 24 hours after VR (conscious dogs).ResultsBuccal mucosal bleeding time did not differ between treatments after VR. Activated partial thromboplastin time increased from controls 4 hours after TS (P = 0.045). Clot formation time (CFT) and alfa‐angle increased from controls from 0.5 to 4 hours after LRS (CFT, P ≤ 0.0001‐0.02; alpha angle, P = 0.0001‐0.02) and from 0.5 to 2 hours after TS (CFT, P = 0.0002‐0.01; alpha angle, P = 0.0005‐0.02). The maximum clot firmness decreased from controls from 0.5 to 4 hours after LRS (P ≤ 0.0001‐0.01) and TS (P ≤ 0.0001‐0.04).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceTetrastarch does not impair primary hemostasis and induces transient dilutional coagulopathy that is similar to LRS because, when compared to a 3 times higher volume of LRS in hemorrhaged dogs, it does not cause greater interference on the viscoelastic properties of the coagulum.
Female preterm indigenous Australian infants have lower renal volumes than males: A predisposing factor for end‐stage renal disease?
Authors: Kandasamy Yogavijayan , Rudd Donna , Lumbers Eugenie R , Smith Roger 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAimIndigenous Australians have an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Indigenous women have a higher rate of CKD than men. In a cohort of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous preterm neonates, we assessed total renal volume (TRV) (a proxy indicator for nephron number). We hypothesized that there would be no difference in renal volume between these two groups at term corrected (37 weeks gestation).MethodsNormally grown preterm neonates less than 32 weeks of gestation were recruited and at term corrected dates, the neonates underwent renal ultrasonography (TRV measurements), urine microalbumin‐creatinine ratio and serum analysis for Cystatin C measurement for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculation.ResultsOne hundred and five neonates (38 Indigenous; 67 non‐Indigenous) were recruited. Indigenous neonates were significantly more premature and of lower birth weight. At term corrected age, Indigenous neonates had a significantly smaller TRV (18.5 (4.2) vs 21.4 (5.1) cm3; P = 0.027) despite no significant difference in body weight. Despite having a smaller TRV, there was no significant difference in eGFR between Indigenous and Non‐indigenous neonates (47.8 [43.2–50.4] vs 46.2 [42.6–53.3] ml/min per 1.73 m2; P = 0.986). These infants achieve similar eGFR through hyperfiltration, which likely increases their future risk of CKD. There was no difference in microalbumin‐creatinine ratio. Female Indigenous neonates, however, had significantly smaller TRV compared with Indigenous male neonates (15.9 (3.6) vs 20.6 (3.6) cm3; P = 0.006), despite no difference in eGFR, birth weight, gestational age, and weight at term corrected.ConclusionThe difference in TRV is likely to be an important risk factor for the difference in morbidity and mortality from renal disease reported between male and female Indigenous adults.
The Effectiveness of Single‐Sex Schools through Out‐of‐School Activities: Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Hahn Youjin , Wang Liang Choon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStudents’ out‐of‐school activities and time use can play a crucial role in facilitating the effect of schools on students’ achievement. Using data from Seoul, South Korea, where students are randomly assigned into schools, we show that when single‐sex schools improve students’ test performance, their effect is positive on students’ time spent on study‐related out‐of‐school activities. Our results indicate that out‐of‐school activities explain roughly 21%–30% of the effect of single‐sex schooling on test performance.
Homeostatic and neurocognitive control of energy intake in response to exercise in pediatric obesity: a psychobiological framework
Authors: Thivel D. , Finlayson G. , Blundell J. E. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWhile energy intake and energy expenditure have long been studied independently, the alarming progression of obesity has led to a more integrative approach to energy balance considering their potential interactions. Although the available literature concerned with the effect of chronic and acute exercise on energy intake and appetite control in adults is considerable, these questions remain less explored among children and adolescents. Based on the search of four databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library; articles published until May 2018), the objective of this review is to summarize and discuss the effect of acute and chronic physical exercise on energy intake and appetite control in children and adolescents with obesity, and to identify the physiological and neurocognitive signals and pathways involved. Evidence suggested that acute intensive exercise has the potential to reduce subsequent energy intake in children and adolescents with obesity but not healthy weight, through both peripheral (mainly gastro‐peptides) and neurocognitive (neural responses to food cues) pathways. The nutritional responses to chronic physical activity remain less clear and require further consideration, especially from an anti‐obesity perspective.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in de novo pediatric transplant recipients randomized to receive immediate‐ or prolonged‐release tacrolimus
Authors: Vondrak Karel , Dhawan Anil , Parisi Francesco , Grenda Ryszard , Debray Dominique , Marks Stephen D. , Webb Nicholas J. A. , Lachaux Alain , Kazeem Gbenga , Undre Nasrullah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhase 2, parallel‐group, multicenter, open‐label, 4‐week study, comparing PK of PR‐T vs IR‐T in de novo pediatric patients undergoing primary kidney, liver, or heart transplantation. Patients randomized 1:1 to receive once daily, PR‐T‐, or twice‐daily, IR‐T‐based regimens; dose adjustments permitted after Day 1. Twenty‐four‐hour PK profiles collected on Days 1, 7, and 28. Primary endpoint: tacrolimus AUC24. Secondary end points included tacrolimus C24 and Cmax. Endpoints compared between PR‐T and IR‐T on Days 1, 7, and 28. Predefined similarity interval for CIs of LSM ratios: 80%‐125%. PK analysis set comprised 33 patients (PR‐T, n = 15; IR‐T, n = 18). Overall, AUC24 and Cmax were lower on Day 1 vs 7 and 28. Geometric LSM ratios of PR‐T:IR‐T on Days 1, 7, and 28 were 66.3%, 92.5%, 99.9%, respectively, for AUC24; 66.3%, 82.2%, 90.9% for C24; and 77.3%, 120.3%, 92.2% for Cmax. AUC24 90% CI within predefined similarity interval on Day 28; other 90% CIs fell outside. Linear relationship was similar between AUC24 and C24, and between tacrolimus formulations, suggesting that the same therapeutic drug monitoring method can be used with both formulations in de novo pediatric allograft recipients.
The effect of free trade agreements revisited: Does residual trade cost bias matter?
Authors: Kharel Paras 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper revisits a prominent gravity model‐based empirical literature on the effects of free trade agreements by accounting for a potential bias caused by unobservable trade costs that operate through general equilibrium constraints. It embeds state‐of‐the‐art panel estimation techniques in a recently proposed two‐step remedy that features a constrained ANOVA‐type estimation. Using a dataset on manufacturing trade flows in eight sectors in 40 countries and a rest‐of‐the‐world aggregate for the period 1990–2002, it finds evidence of significant residual trade cost bias. The direction and magnitude of bias vary across sectors, with the standard one‐step approach used in the literature overestimating or underestimating the partial effect of free trade agreements by up to 110 percent. Overall, coefficients on trade costs variables are jointly significantly different between the standard method and the two‐step method. The biases in partial effect estimates translate into biases in general equilibrium effects.
Preliminary findings in 30 dogs treated with micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation for refractory glaucoma
Authors: Sapienza John S. , Kim Kay , Rodriguez Elena , DiGirolamo Nicola 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to report the preliminary results of a novel micropulse transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (MP‐TSCP) as primary therapy for glaucomatous dogs.Animal StudiedClient owned dogs undergoing MP‐TSCP therapy at a veterinary referral center.ProcedureRetrospective study of dogs with glaucoma that were treated with MP‐TSCP with a minimum of 1 month (range: 1‐18 months) of follow‐up. Reported outcomes were intraocular pressure (IOP), treatment parameters, reduction in medications, complications, and incidence of repeat therapy.ResultsThirty dogs (35 eyes) were evaluated. The mean age was 9.0 years. Mean preoperative IOP was 34.5 mm Hg. Mean postoperative IOP at 1 month (35/35 eyes) was 22 mm Hg, 2 months (26/35 eyes) was 20.5 mm Hg, 4 months (20/35 eyes) was 19 mm Hg, 6 months (10/35 eyes) was 19 mm Hg, 12 months (8/35 eyes) was 21 mm Hg. First treatment success rate was 19/35 eyes (54.3%). Repeat laser was performed in 11 eyes with 4/11 eyes responding favorably for a total IOP control of 23/35 eyes (65.7%). Mean energy levels employed were 137.5 seconds and 2351 mW at 31.3% duty cycle. Reduction in medications was from a mean of 3.6 medications preoperatively to 3.1 medications postoperatively. Complications included corneal ulcers 5/35 eyes (14.3%), uncontrolled IOP in 12/35 eyes (34.3%) and repeat treatment in 11/35 eyes (31.4%).ConclusionsMP‐TSCP was successful in controlling IOP in most patients as well as to reduce postoperative medications with minimal resultant intraocular inflammation and complications. The micropulse procedure also can be repeated. Future investigations to study effective treatment parameters are warranted in a larger series of patients over a longer period of evaluation.
Numerical modeling of fluid–structure interaction between sewage water flow and bar screen to improve the screening process
Authors: Ali Haider , Kim Kyung Won , Bang Sung Gi , Chae Hyun Bae , Shin Seung Wook , Park Cheol Woo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA self‐cleaning bar screen is often used in the first filtration level of a wastewater treatment plant to screen out solid debris from sewage water. The screening process of the bar screen was numerically investigated using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method to model the fluid–structure interaction between the sewage water and bar screen. The bar screen design is improved by installing a rotating subscreen under the bar screen to prevent solid waste from passing through. The effects of bar screen on the water flow were examined using hydrodynamic properties. The structural properties were estimated to observe the effects of water flow on the parts of the bar screen. Various inlet flow rates and positions of subscreen and rake were used to examine their effects on velocity, pressure coefficient, structural deformation and von Mises stress. The screening process decreased with the increase in sewage flow rates. The water flow significantly affected the bar screen when the subscreen and rake are not in contact.