bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting program rigor in newly developed specialty academic programs: Use of a self-evaluation reporting tool for emergency nurse practitioner academic programs
Authors: Wilbeck Jennifer , Evans Dian Dowling , Hummer Kirk , Staebler Suzanne 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The emergency nurse practitioner (ENP) specialty has grown rapidly, responding and adapting to changes in emergency care. Designation and advancement of nurse practitioner (NP) specialties follows a systematic process as defined by the profession. This includes establishment of scope and standards of practice, educational standards, and policy initiatives to ensure quality and safety within the profession. This article serves to detail a process of self-evaluation for newly developed ENP academic programs, including resources and key documents to be considered in the development of NP specialty programs. A transformative tool is included that serves as a model for use in development and self-evaluation of other emerging graduate academic NP specialty programs.
Long-term Outcomes of Balloon Dilation for Persistent Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Authors: Cutler Jeffrey L. , Meyer Ted A. , Nguyen Shaun A. , O’Malley Ellen M. , Thackeray Lisa , Slater Patrick W. 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
To gather long-term follow-up data on the efficacy of balloon dilation for treating patients with persistent Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD).

Study Design:
Extended follow-up study of the treatment arm of a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Tertiary care academic center and private practice.

Patients:
Patients diagnosed with medically refractory persistent ETD.

Interventions:
Balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube.

Main Outcome Measures:
The endpoints were the mean change from baseline in the 7-item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7) score, revision dilation rate, changes in assessments of middle ear function, and patient satisfaction.

Results:
A total of 47 participants enrolled in the extended follow-up study. Mean follow-up was 29.4 months (range, 18–42 mo). There was a statistically significant mean (SD) change from baseline in the overall ETDQ-7 score (–2.5 ± 1.2; p < 0.0001). A reduction of one or more in their overall ETDQ-7 score was observed by 93.6% (44/47) participants. The revision dilation rate was 2.1% (1/47). Among participants with abnormal baseline middle ear assessments, 76.0% had normalized tympanic membrane position (p < 0.0001), 62.5% had normalization of tympanogram type (p < 0.001), and 66.7% had positive Valsalva maneuvers (p < 0.0001). Participant satisfaction was 83.0% at long-term follow-up.

Conclusions:
Balloon dilation results in durable improvements in symptoms and middle ear assessments for patients with persistent Eustachian tube dysfunction at mean follow-up of longer than 2 years.
Immune responses towards bioengineered tissues and strategies to control them
Authors: Angeletti Andrea , Cantarelli Chiara , Cravedi Paolo 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Research into development of artificial tissues and bioengineered organs to replace physiological functions of injured counterparts has highlighted a previously underestimated challenge for its clinical translatability: the immune response against biomaterials. Herein, we will provide an update and review current knowledge regarding this important barrier to regenerative medicine.

Recent findings
Although a clear understanding of the immune reactivity against biomaterials remains elusive, accumulating evidence indicates that innate immune cells, primarily neutrophils and macrophages, play a key role in the initial phases of the immune response. More recently, data have shown that in later phases, T and B cells are also involved. The use of physicochemical modifications of biomaterials and cell-based strategies to modulate the host inflammatory response is being actively investigated for effective biomaterial integration.

Summary
The immune response towards biomaterials and bioengineered organs plays a crucial role in determining their utility as transplantable grafts. Expanding our understanding of these responses is necessary for developing protolerogenic strategies and delivering on the ultimate promise of regenerative medicine.
Treitz Hernia: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Cereser Teresa , Kuchen Natalie , Schöb Othmar 
Published: August 2019

Introduction:Congenital hernias are rare findings, and their diagnosis is often delayed due to an incorrect interpretation of the clinical symptoms and/or images. We present a rare case of left-sided paraduodenal hernia at the ligament of Treitz, followed by a review of the literature.Case Presentation:We report the case of a 20-year-old patient with unusual, recurring abdominal pain in the past 3 months. There were no previous operations or past illnesses in the patient’s history. The computed tomographic scan showed a misplacement of small bowel into the lesser sack. With high suspicion of an internal hernia, we performed a diagnostic laparoscopy, which revealed a Treitz hernia. The reduction and fixation could be carried out fully with minimally invasive surgery with an uneventful postoperative course and complete recovery.Conclusion:A Treitz hernia is a rare cause of unspecific abdominal pain and the clinical signs are difficult to interpret. However, its knowledge may help to avoid emergency procedures and provide quick recovery of the patients. We recommend the laparoscopic approach as the first choice of treatment in all cases of internal hernia in the absence of peritoneal irritation or severe bowel obstruction.
Impact of CMV Reactivation, Treatment Approaches, and Immune Reconstitution in a Nonmyeloablative Tolerance Induction Protocol in Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Alonso-Guallart Paula , Duran-Struuck Raimon , Zitsman Jonah S. , Sameroff Stephen , Pereira Marcus , Stern Jeffrey , Berglund Erik , Llore Nathaly , Pierre Genevieve , Lopes Emily , Kofman Sigal B. , Danton Makenzie , Sondermeijer Hugo P. , Woodland David , Kato Yojiro , Ekanayake-Alper Dilrukshi K. , Iuga Alina C. , Wuu Cheng-Shie , Wu Anette , Lipkin W. Ian , Tokarz Rafal , Sykes Megan , Griesemer Adam 
Published: August 2019

Background.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a serious complication in immunosuppressed patients, specifically transplant recipients. Here, we describe the development and use of an assay to monitor the incidence and treatment of CMV viremia in a Cynomolgus macaque model of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for tolerance induction. We address the correlation between the course of viremia and immune reconstitution.

Methods.
Twenty-one animals received a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen. Seven received cyclosporine A for 28 days and 14 received rapamycin. A CMV polymerase chain reaction assay was developed and run twice per week to monitor viremia. Nineteen recipients were CMV seropositive before BMT. Immune reconstitution was monitored through flow cytometry and CMV viremia was tracked via quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results.
Recipients developed CMV viremia during the first month post-BMT. Two animals developed uncontrollable CMV disease. CMV reactivation occurred earlier in cyclosporine A-treated animals compared with those receiving rapamycin. Post-BMT, T-cell counts remained significantly lower compared with pretransplant levels until CMV reactivation, at which point they increased during the viremic phase and approached pretransplant levels 3 months post-BMT. Management of CMV required treatment before viremia reached 10 000 copies/mL; otherwise clinical symptoms were observed. High doses of ganciclovir resolved the viremia, which could subsequently be controlled with valganciclovir.

Conclusions.
We developed an assay to monitor CMV in Cynomolgus macaques. CMV reactivation occurred in 100% of seropositive animals in this model. Rapamycin delayed CMV reactivation and ganciclovir treatment was effective at high doses. As in humans, CD8+ T cells proliferated during CMV viremia.
Neuroprotective Biomarkers and Cognitive Function in a Long-Term Prospective Population-based Study of Aging US Adults
Authors: Paulsen Adam J. , Schubert Carla R. , Pinto Alex , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Chappell Richard J. , Fischer Mary E. , Klein Barbara E.K. , Klein Ronald , Tsai Michael Y. , Cruickshanks Karen J. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Relationships between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), aldosterone, and cognition in aging were evaluated in the population-based Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study (1993 to present).

Methods:
Beginning in 1998 to 2000, cognitive impairment was assessed by report of physician diagnoses and the Mini-Mental State Examination. In 2009 to 2010 and 2013 to 2016, information was collected on diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment/dementia. Decline in cognitive function was assessed by principal component analysis from additional tests administered during 2009 to 2010 and 2013 to 2016. BDNF, IGF-1, and aldosterone were measured in serum collected in 1998 to 2000.

Results:
There were 1970 participants (mean age=66.9 y; 59.1% female) without cognitive impairment at baseline. Among women, low BDNF was associated with 16-year incident cognitive impairment [hazard ratio=1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04, 2.98]. Among men, increasing IGF-1 was associated with decreased risk [per SD: relative risk (RR)=0.57; 95% CI=0.35, 0.92], whereas increasing aldosterone levels were associated with increased risk (per SD: RR=1.28; 95% CI=1.01, 1.62) for 5-year incident mild cognitive impairment/dementia. Overall, low BDNF was associated with increased risk (RR=1.52; 95% CI=1.02, 2.26) for 5-year cognitive decline.

Conclusion:
Low levels of serum BDNF and IGF-1 were associated with poorer cognition during aging. There may be differential biomarker effects by sex.
Can school children support ecological research? Lessons from the‘Oak bodyguard’citizen science project
Authors: Castagneyrol Bastien , Valdés-Correcher Elena , Bourdin Audrey , Barbaro Luc , Bouriaud Olivier , Branco Manuela , Csóka György , Duduman Mihai-Leonard , Dulaurent Anne-Maïmiti , Eötvös Csaba B. , Ferrante Marco , Fürjes-Mikó Ágnes , Galman Andrea , Gossner Martin M. , Harvey Deborah , Howe Andy G. , Kaennel-Dobbertin Michèle , Koricheva Julia , Löveï Gábor L. , Lupaștean Daniela , Milanović Slobodan , Mrazova Anna , Opgennoorth Lars , Pitkänen Juha-Matti , Popović Marija , Roslin Tomas V. , Scherer-Lorenzen Michael , Sam Katerina , Tahadlova Marketa , Thomas Rebecca , Tack Ayco J. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractScientific knowledge in the field of ecology is increasingly enriched by data acquired by the general public participating in citizen science (CS) programs. Yet, doubts remain about the reliability of such data, in particular when acquired by school children. We built upon an ongoing CS program -Oak bodyguards- to assess the ability of European schoolchildren to accurately estimate the strength of biotic interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. We used standardized protocols to estimate predation rates on artificial caterpillars and insect herbivory on oak leaves and compared estimates made by school children, trained and untrained professional scientists (with no or limited expertise in predation or herbivory assessment). Compared to trained scientists, both schoolchildren and untrained professional scientists overestimated predation rates, but assessments made by the latter were more consistent. School children overestimated insect herbivory, as did untrained professional scientists. Thus, raw data acquired by school children participating in CS programs cannot be used and require several quality checks. However, such data are of no less value than data collected by untrained professional scientists and can be calibrated for bias.
Evolution of imprinting via lineage-specific insertion of retroviral promoters
Authors: Bogutz Aaron B. , Brind’Amour Julie , Kobayashi Hisato , Jensen Kristoffer N. , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Imai Hiroo , Lorincz Matthew C. , Lefebvre Louis 
Published: August 2019

SummaryImprinted genes are expressed from a single parental allele. In mammals, this unusual mode of transcription generally depends on the epigenetic silencing of one allele by DNA methylation (DNAme) established in the germline. While many species-specific imprinted orthologues have been documented in eutherians, the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolutionary switch from biallelic to imprinted expression are currently unknown. During mouse oogenesis, gametic differentially methylated regions (gDMRs) acquire DNAme in a process guided by transcription. Here we show that transcription initiating in proximal lineage-specific endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) is likely responsible for DNAme established in oocytes at 4/6 mouse-specific and 17/110 human-specific maternal imprinted gDMRs (igDMRs). The latter can be further divided into Catarrhini (Old World monkeys and apes)- or Hominoidea (ape)-specific igDMRs, which are embedded within transcription units initiating in ERVs specific to these primate lineages. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, we deleted the relevant murine-specific ERVs upstream of the maternally methylated genes Impact and Slc38a4. Strikingly, imprinting at these genes was lost in the offspring of females harboring these deletions and biallelic expression was observed. Our work reveals a novel evolutionary mechanism whereby maternally silenced genes arise from biallelically expressed progenitors.
Sequestration and functional diversification of cyanogenic glucosides in the life cycle of Heliconius melpomene
Authors: de Castro Érika C. P. , Demirtas Rojan , Orteu Anna , Olsen Carl Erik , Motawie Mohammed Saddik , Cardoso Márcio Z. , Zagrobelny Mika , Bak Søren 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHeliconius butterflies are highly specialized in Passiflora, laying eggs and feeding as larvae only on these plants. Interestingly, Heliconius butterflies and Passiflora plants both contain cyanogenic glucosides (CNglcs). While feeding on specific Passiflora species, Heliconius melpomene larvae are able to sequester simple cyclopentenyl CNglcs, the most common CNglcs in this plant genus. Yet, aromatic, aliphatic, and modified CNglcs have been reported in Passiflora species and they were never tested for sequestration by heliconiine larvae. As other cyanogenic lepidopterans, H. melpomene also biosynthesize the aliphatic CNglcs linamarin and lotaustralin, and their toxicity does not rely exclusively on sequestration. Although the genes encoding the enzymes in the CNglc biosynthesis have not yet been fully biochemically characterized in butterflies, the cytochromes P450 CYP405A4, CYP405A5, CYP405A6 and CYP332A1 are hypothesized to be involved in this pathway in H. melpomene. In this study, we determine how the CNglc composition and expression of the putative P450s involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds vary at different development stages of Heliconius butterflies. We also established which kind of CNglcs H. melpomene larvae can sequestered from Passiflora. By analysing the chemical composition of the haemolymph from larvae fed with different Passiflora diets, we observed that H. melpomene is able to sequestered prunasin, an aromatic CNglcs, from P. platyloba. They were also able to sequester amygdalin, gynocardin, [C13/C14]linamarin and [C13/C14]lotaustralin painted on the plant leaves. The CNglc tetraphyllin B-sulphate from P. caerulea was not detected in the larval haemolymph, suggesting that such modified CNglcs cannot be sequestered by Heliconius. Although pupae and virgin adults contain dihydrogynocardin resulting from larval sequestration, this compound was metabolized during adulthood, and not used as nuptial gift or transferred to the offspring. Thus, we speculate that dihydrogynocardin was catabolized to recycle nitrogen and glucose, and/or to produce fitness signals during courtship and calling. Mature adults had a higher concentration of CNglcs than any other developmental stages due to intense de novo biosynthesis of linamarin and lotaustralin. All CYP405As were expressed in adults, whereas larvae mostly expressed CYP405A4. Our results shed light on the importance of CNglcs in Heliconius biology and for their coevolution with Passiflora.
A key region of molecular specificity orchestrates unique ephrin-B1 utilization by Cedar virus
Authors: Pryce Rhys , Azarm Kristopher , Rissanen Ilona , Harlos Karl , Bowden Thomas A. , Lee Benhur 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe prototypic henipaviruses (HNV), Hendra (HeV) and Nipah (NiV), are emergent zoonotic pathogens responsible for frequent and fatal outbreaks of severe disease in domestic animals and humans. The HNV attachment glycoprotein (G) is a critical determinant of host-species and cell-type tropism. Utilization of highly conserved B-type ephrin ligands as functional entry receptors engenders HNVs with a broad permissive host range, accounts for zoonotic spillover, and is closely aligned with observed disease pathologies. Recent studies have uncovered numerous divergent clades of HNVs globally. Cedar virus (CedV), the closest relative of HeV and NiV identified to date, can establish experimental infections, yet has not been observed to cause overt disease. While the apathogenic phenotype may be attributed to a lack of P-gene derived interferon antagonists, the V and W accessory proteins, additional determinants of differential HNV pathobiology could be involved. Here, through comparative functional and structural analysis of CedV-G, we characterize molecular interactions critical to viral entry. We demonstrate that CedV possesses a unique cellular entry receptor repertoire which, in addition to functional utilization of the common HNV receptor, ephrin-B2, includes the hitherto uncharacterized interaction with ephrin-B1. Crystal structures reveal a conserved recognition mode between diverse HNV-G proteins and their distinct ephrin receptors and identify a region of molecular specificity within CedV-G that is a key determinant of ephrin selectivity. This work provides a platform for understanding the functional diversity and varied receptor tropism characteristics of HNV glycoproteins that will facilitate assessment of the pathogenic potential and transmissibility of newly discovered and uncharacterized HNVs.
Take out the rubbish – Removing NUMTs and pseudogenes from theBemisia tabacicryptic species mtCOI database
Authors: Kunz Daniele , Tay Wee Tek , Elfekih Samia , Gordon Karl Heinrichs Julius , De Barro Paul John 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIdentification ofBemisia tabacicryptic whitefly species complex currently relies on molecular characterisation of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) partial gene, however, nuclear mitochondrial sequences (NUMTs), PCR-derived pseudogenes and/or poor sequence editing have hindered this effort. To-date,ca.5,175 partial (≥ 300bp) mtCOI sequences for species identification purposes have been reported. We reviewedca.10% of sequences representing the standardB. tabacispecies complex mtCOI dataset. We found that 333 sequences (64.9%) were NUMTs, pseudogenes and/or affected by poor sequence quality. Amino acid pattern analyses of high throughput sequencing-derived mtCOI gene from 24 ‘tabaci’ and ‘non-tabaci’ species enabled differentiation between NUMTs/pseudogene-affected and likely real mtCOI sequences, and that the SSA4, SSA5/SSA8, AsiaII-2 and AsiaII_4 species were NUMTs/pseudogenes artefacts. Intra-specific uncorrected nucleotide distances (p-dist) from our up-dated dataset ranged from 0-1.98%, inter-specificp-dist within phylogenetic clades ranged betweenca.2.5 and 8%, and 8 and >19% for species between phylogenetic clades. Differentiating between closely related species could therefore utilise an ‘average’p-dist of 2.5%. Despite the smallerB. tabacimtCOI dataset, six putative new species were identified. Adoption of our standardised workflow and up-dated mtCOI clean dataset could facilitate better diagnostics ofB. tabaciand ‘non-tabaci’ cryptic species.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0068033 inhibits proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through sponging miR-659
Authors: Yuan Pengfei , Lei Liangliang , Liu Dechun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecently, dysregulated circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been associated with the progression of numerous malignant tumors. However, the mechanism through which circRNAs participate in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. This study was designed to illustrate the role of hsa_circ_0068033 in BC. A series of functional experiments were conducted to assess the function of hsa_circ_0068033 in the development of BC and the underlying mechanisms. The results suggested that the expression of hsa_circ_0068033 was downregulated in BC tissues, and markedly correlated with tumor size (P=0.021) and the Tumor, Node, and Metastasis stage (P=0.023). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that hsa_circ_0068033 testing yielded an area under the curve value of 0.8480 in discriminating BC from non-tumor controls. Functionally, overexpression of hsa_circ_0068033 could inhibit the growth, clone formation, invasion, and migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, while activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway to induce apoptosis. The xenograft experiment revealed that exogenous hsa_circ_0068033 is able to reduce the tumorigenic ability of MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice. Rescue assays further proved that hsa_circ_0068033 exerts biological functions by sponging miR-659. This study revealed for the first time that hsa_circ_0068033 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in BC, and the hsa_circ_0068033/miR-659 axis participates in the progression of BC.
The olfactory co-receptor IR8a governs larval-frass mediated competition avoidance in a hawkmoth
Authors: Zhang Jin , Bisch-Knaden Sonja , Fandino Richard A. , Yan Shuwei , Obiero George F. , Grosse-Wilde Ewald , Hansson Bill S. , Knaden Markus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFinding a suitable oviposition site is a challenging task for a gravid female moth. At the same time, it is of paramount importance considering the limited capability of most caterpillars to relocate to alternative host plants. The hawkmoth,Manduca sexta(Sphingidae), oviposits on solanaceous plants. Larvae hatching on a plant that is already attacked by conspecific caterpillars can face food competition, as well as an increased exposure to predators and induced plant defenses. Here, we show that frass from conspecific caterpillars is sufficient to deter a femaleM. sextafrom ovipositing on a plant and that this deterrence is based on the frass-emitted carboxylic acids 3-methylpentanoic acid and hexanoic acid. Using a combination of genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9), electrophysiological recordings, calcium imaging and behavioral analyses we demonstrate that the ionotropic co-receptor IR8a is essential for acid-mediated frass avoidance in ovipositing hawkmoths.