bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feedback regulation of Caulobacter crescentus holdfast synthesis by flagellum assembly via the holdfast inhibitor HfiA
Authors: Berne Cécile , Ellison Courtney K. , Agarwal Radhika , Severin Geoffrey B. , Fiebig Aretha , Morton Robert I. , Waters Christopher M. , Brun Yves V. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryTo permanently attach to surfaces, Caulobacter crescentusproduces a strong adhesive, the holdfast. The timing of holdfast synthesis is developmentally regulated by cell cycle cues. When C. crescentusis grown in a complex medium, holdfast synthesis can also be stimulated by surface sensing, in which swarmer cells rapidly synthesize holdfast in direct response to surface contact. In contrast to growth in complex medium, here we show that when cells are grown in a defined medium, surface contact does not trigger holdfast synthesis. Moreover, we show that in a defined medium, flagellum synthesis and regulation of holdfast production are linked. In these conditions, mutants lacking a flagellum attach to surfaces over time more efficiently than either wild‐type strains or strains harboring a paralyzed flagellum. Enhanced adhesion in mutants lacking flagellar components is due to premature holdfast synthesis during the cell cycle and is regulated by the holdfast synthesis inhibitor HfiA. hfiA transcription is reduced in flagellar mutants and this reduction is modulated by the diguanylate cyclase developmental regulator PleD. We also show that, in contrast to previous predictions, flagella are not necessarily required for C. crescentus surface sensing in the absence of flow, and that arrest of flagellar rotation does not stimulate holdfast synthesis. Rather, our data support a model in which flagellum assembly feeds back to control holdfast synthesis via HfiA expression in a c‐di‐GMP‐dependent manner under defined nutrient conditions.
The eggplant AG91‐25 recognizes the Type III‐secreted effector RipAX2 to trigger resistance to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum species complex)
Authors: Morel Arry , Guinard Jérémy , Lonjon Fabien , Sujeeun Lakshmi , Barberis Patrick , Genin Stéphane , Vailleau Fabienne , Daunay Marie‐Christine , Dintinger Jacques , Poussier Stéphane , Peeters Nemo , Wicker Emmanuel 
Published: August 2018

SummaryTo deploy durable plant resistance, we must understand its underlying molecular mechanisms. Type III effectors (T3Es) and their recognition play a central role in the interaction between bacterial pathogens and crops. We demonstrate that the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) T3E ripAX2 triggers specific resistance in eggplant AG91‐25, which carries the major resistance locus EBWR9. The eggplant accession AG91‐25 is resistant to the wild‐type R. pseudosolanacearum strain GMI1000, whereas a ripAX2 defective mutant of this strain can cause wilt. Notably, the addition of ripAX2 from GMI1000 to PSS4 suppresses wilt development, demonstrating that RipAX2 is an elicitor of AG91‐25 resistance. RipAX2 has been shown previously to induce effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) in the wild relative eggplant Solanum torvum, and its putative zinc (Zn)‐binding motif (HELIH) is critical for ETI. We show that, in our model, the HELIH motif is not necessary for ETI on AG91‐25 eggplant. The ripAX2 gene was present in 68.1% of 91 screened RSSC strains, but in only 31.1% of a 74‐genome collection comprising R. solanacearum and R. syzygii strains. Overall, it is preferentially associated with R. pseudosolanacearum phylotype I. RipAX2GMI1000 appears to be the dominant allele, prevalent in both R. pseudosolanacearum and R. solanacearum, suggesting that the deployment of AG91‐25 resistance could control efficiently bacterial wilt in the Asian, African and American tropics. This study advances the understanding of the interaction between RipAX2 and the resistance genes at the EBWR9 locus, and paves the way for both functional genetics and evolutionary analyses.
Role of the acquisition of a type 3 secretion system in the emergence of novel pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas
Authors: Meline Valérian , Delage Wesley , Brin Chrystelle , Li‐Marchetti Camille , Sochard Daniel , Arlat Matthieu , Rousseau Céline , Darrasse Armelle , Briand Martial , Lebreton Guillaume , Portier Perrine , Fischer‐Le Saux Marion , Durand Karine , Jacques Marie‐Agnès , Belin Etienne , Boureau Tristan 
Published: August 2018

SummaryCases of emergence of novel plant‐pathogenic strains are regularly reported that reduce the yields of crops and trees. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such emergence are still poorly understood. The acquisition by environmental non‐pathogenic strains of novel virulence genes by horizontal gene transfer has been suggested as a driver for the emergence of novel pathogenic strains. In this study, we tested such an hypothesis by transferring a plasmid encoding the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and four associated type 3 secreted proteins (T3SPs) to the non‐pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas CFBP 7698 and CFBP 7700, which lack genes encoding T3SS and any previously known T3SPs. The resulting strains were phenotyped on Nicotiana benthamiana using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and image analysis. Wild‐type, non‐pathogenic strains induced a hypersensitive response (HR)‐like necrosis, whereas strains complemented with T3SS and T3SPs suppressed this response. Such suppression depends on a functional T3SS. Amongst the T3SPs encoded on the plasmid, Hpa2, Hpa1 and, to a lesser extent, XopF1 collectively participate in suppression. Monitoring of the population sizes in planta showed that the sole acquisition of a functional T3SS by non‐pathogenic strains impairs growth inside leaf tissues. These results provide functional evidence that the acquisition via horizontal gene transfer of a T3SS and four T3SPs by environmental non‐pathogenic strains is not sufficient to make strains pathogenic. In the absence of a canonical effector, the sole acquisition of a T3SS seems to be counter‐selective, and further acquisition of type 3 effectors is probably needed to allow the emergence of novel pathogenic strains.
Global guidelines and initiatives from the European Confederation of Medical Mycology to improve patient care and research worldwide: New leadership is about working together
Authors: Hoenigl Martin , Gangneux Jean‐Pierre , Segal Esther , Alanio Alexandre , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Chen Sharon C.‐A. , Govender Nelesh , Hagen Ferry , Klimko Nikolaj , Meis Jacques F. , Pasqualotto Alessandro C. , Seidel Danila , Walsh Thomas J. , Lagrou Katrien , Lass‐Flörl Cornelia , Cornely Oliver A. ,   the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
Published: August 2018

SummaryInvasive mycoses present a global challenge with expansion into new hosts, emergence of new pathogens, and development of multidrug resistance. In parallel, new antifungal agents and advanced laboratory diagnostic systems are being developed. In response to these evolving challenges, the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) is committed to providing international expertise, guidance, and leadership with the key objectives of improving diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and survival of persons with invasive fungal diseases. Representing 25 affiliated National Medical Mycology Societies, the ECMM has developed several major ways to achieving these critical objectives: (a) tasking specific medical mycology working groups; (b) founding the ECMM Academy and Fellow program (FECMM); (c) expanding the goals of ECMM beyond the European region; (d) implementing the ECMM Excellence Centre Initiative in Europe; and (e) the ECMM Global Guidelines and Neglected Orphan Disease Guidance Initiatives focusing on mucormycosis, rare mould diseases, rare yeast diseases, and endemic mycoses. We believe that these important initiatives and other strategies of the ECMM will advance the field of medical mycology and improve the outcome of patients with invasive mycoses worldwide.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Stress‐Related Growth Scale: Short Form in undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Li Ting , Wang Su‐Wei , Zhou Jing‐Jing , Ren Qing‐Zhuo , Gao Yu‐Lin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Stress‐Related Growth Scale–Short Form (SRGS‐SF) for undergraduate nursing students. Using a cross‐sectional design, a convenience sample of 253 undergraduate nursing students was included in this study. Half of the sample (n = 126) was randomly selected to explore the factorial structure of the SRGS‐SF via exploratory factor analysis. The rest of the sample (n = 127) was selected to confirm the structure via confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the Chinese version of the SRGS‐SF consisted of two factors: interpersonal and intrapersonal growth. The scale also had the power to discriminate between undergraduate nursing students with high and low levels of stress‐related growth (SRG). The internal consistency and stability of the scale were also adequate. The Chinese version of the SRGS‐SF is a valid and reliable measurement for assessing SRG among undergraduate nursing students. One suitable application would be the evaluation of the process underpinning SRG and the effectiveness of interventions.
Balancing protection and efficiency in the regulation of photosynthetic electron transport across plant evolution
Authors: Alboresi Alessandro , Storti Mattia , Morosinotto Tomas 
Published: August 2018

Contents

Summary
105

I.
Introduction
105

II.
Diversity of molecular mechanisms for regulation of
photosynthetic electron transport
106

III.
Role of FLVs in the regulation of photosynthesis in eukaryotes
107

IV.
Why were FLVs lost in angiosperms?
108

V.
Conclusions
108

Acknowledgements
109

References
109

SummaryPhotosynthetic electron transport requires continuous modulation to maintain the balance between light availability and metabolic demands. Multiple mechanisms for the regulation of electron transport have been identified and are unevenly distributed among photosynthetic organisms. Flavodiiron proteins (FLVs) influence photosynthetic electron transport by accepting electrons downstream of photosystem I to reduce oxygen to water. FLV activity has been demonstrated in cyanobacteria, green algae and mosses to be important in avoiding photosystem I overreduction upon changes in light intensity. FLV‐encoding sequences were nevertheless lost during evolution by angiosperms, suggesting that these plants increased the efficiency of other mechanisms capable of accepting electrons from photosystem I, making the FLV activity for protection from overreduction superfluous or even detrimental for photosynthetic efficiency.
Efficacy of xenogeneic collagen matrix in the treatment of gingival recessions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Jia‐Ping , Liu Jia‐Mei , Wu Yan‐Min , Chen Li‐Li , Ding Pei‐Hui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis review aims to evaluate the efficacy of xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) for the treatment of single or multiple gingival recessions in terms of clinical parameters and patient‐related outcomes.Materials and MethodsVarious electronic databases (The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, etc.) from 1966 to April 2018 and hand literatures were searched. Quality of the included studies was assessed through the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool. A meta‐analysis was performed to calculate risk ratios and mean differences.ResultsNine randomized controlled trials were included. The results revealed a higher percentage of mean root coverage (MRC) and a greater recession reduction (RecRed) for single recessions for the combination of coronally advanced flap (CAF) with XCM compared to CAF alone (n = 3; MD = 10.00%; 95%CI [3.56%; 16.43%]; p = 0.002) (n = 3; MD = 0.35 mm; 95%CI [0.10 mm; 0.60 mm]; p = 0.005). Comparing XCM with connective tissue graft (CTG), no significant differences were detected in MRC or RecRed for single and multiple recessions.ConclusionsThe addition of XCM under CAF could improve MRC and RecRed at single tooth recessions. Initial data suggest that XCM shows promising results to improve the clinical efficacy of CAF for multiple recessions. In addition, XCM could be a valid alternative to CTG in terms of MRC and RecRed at both single and multiple recessions. Based on limited evidence, XCM may decrease postoperative morbidity and operation time compared to CTG.
Computational models evaluating the impact of sieve plates and radial water exchange on phloem pressure gradients
Authors: Stanfield Ryan C. , Schulte Paul J. , Randolph Katie E. , Hacke Uwe G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe sugar conducting phloem in angiosperms is a high resistance pathway made up of sieve elements bounded by sieve plates. The high resistance generated by sieve plates may be a trade‐off for promoting quick sealing in the event of injury. However, previous modeling efforts have demonstrated a wide variation in the contribution of sieve plates towards total sieve tube resistance. In the current study, we generated high resolution scanning electron microscope images of sieve plates from balsam poplar and integrated them into a mathematical model using Comsol Multiphysics software. We found that sieve plates contribute upwards of 85% towards total sieve tube resistance. Utilizing the Navier–Stokes equations, we found that oblong pores may create over 50% more resistance in comparison with round pores of the same area. Although radial water flows in phloem sieve tubes have been previously considered, their impact on alleviating pressure gradients has not been fully studied. Our novel simulations find that radial water flow can reduce pressure requirements by half in comparison with modeled sieve tubes with no radial permeability. We discuss the implication that sieve tubes may alleviate pressure requirements to overcome high resistances by regulating their membrane permeability along the entire transport pathway.
Apnea in infants hospitalized with pertussis: Incidence and gestational smoking association
Authors: Ramos‐Fernández José Miguel , Sánchez‐Pérez Margarita , Sánchez‐González Jorge Miguel , Calvo‐Cillán Alicia , Moreno‐Pérez David 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundApnea is a life‐threatening complication of pertussis, now a re‐emerging cause of infant hospitalization worldwide. The incidence of apnea during pertussis ranges widely. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the incidence of apnea in hospitalized infants diagnosed with pertussis and to identify relevant risk factors for apnea.MethodsThis was a retrospective analytical study. We included children hospitalized with pertussis at a tertiary hospital during a 5 year period from 2010 to 2015. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were obtained in all subjects. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to test NPA samples for Bordetella pertussis. The daily charts were assessed to identify inpatients with apnea. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for inpatient apnea.ResultsInpatient apnea was identified in 51 of 147 infants with pertussis confirmation (34.7%: 95%CI: 27–42%). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was the only statistically significant, independent predictor of inpatient apnea (OR: 4.48; 95%CI: 1.35–14.8). No statistically significant association was found with gender, corrected age; birthweight, caregiver smoking; lactation, weight at admission <3rd percentile, or hematological parameters.ConclusionsThe incidence of pertussis apnea was nearly one in three hospitalized infants, and was fourfold more frequent in infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy.
Percentile charts of twin birthweight
Authors: Kosińska Magdalena , Sierzputowska‐Pieczara Monika , Gadzinowski Janusz , Cygan Dorothy , Szpecht Dawid 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe birthweight of multiples is naturally lower than that of singletons. Given that the incidence of twin pregnancy has risen in recent years, it seems reasonable to create standards of birthweight separately for twins. This could help in the objective assessment of small and large for gestational age twin newborns. The main goal of this study was therefore to construct and present up‐to‐date birthweight references.MethodsThe present percentile charts for twins are based on a cohort retrospective study of 757 pairs of twins (767 boys and 709 girls) born between weeks 25 and 39 of gestation. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for the subsequent weeks of gestation. Percentiles were read for the subsequent gestational age. The obtained curves were smoothed with a fifth‐degree polynomial function. The significance of differences between the 50th percentile values for twins and singletons was estimated using median test.ResultsIn both sexes, a continuous observable trend occurs of a significantly lower average birthweight for twins. Differences increase with increasing gestational age and are greater in girls. The estimated 50th percentile for twins was greater than the estimated 10th percentile for singletons. This supports the notion of discordant growth as a physiological adaptation that promotes maturity.ConclusionsPercentile charts for singletons are not applicable for twins. This indicates the importance of applying separate percentile charts for twins, enabling objective evaluation of their health status and identifying deviations from normality.
Introduction of laryngeal mask airway in Japan, and its rescue use for newborns
Authors: Mizumoto Hiroshi , Motokura Koji , Kurosaki Akiko , Hata Daisuke 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn neonatal resuscitation, laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is recommended when both face mask ventilation and endotracheal intubation fail. Experience of LMA among obstetricians, nurses and midwives in Japan, however, is limited. The aims of the present study were to (i) offer an LMA training course to professionals dealing with low‐risk pregnancies at institutions across Japan; and (ii) assess the subsequent use and value of LMA at the participating institutions.MethodsBetween August 2016 and March 2017, a total of 18 training courses for 60 min were provided for around 350 medical personnel from 51 institutes. LMA use over the subsequent 12 months was assessed via a postal questionnaire.ResultsAfter training, a total of 38 institutes introduced LMA. Of 13 254 live births, seven cases of rescue use LMA in “cannot ventilate, cannot intubate” situations were reported. None of these seven newborns had any malformation of the upper airway. LMA insertion resulted in adequate ventilation in all seven cases.ConclusionLMA can be a life‐saving tool in neonatal resuscitation. All medical institutions dealing with low‐risk pregnancies in Japan should be equipped with this device.
Preparing for the 2018‐2019 influenza season
Authors: de St. Maurice Annabelle , Halasa Natasha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe 2017‐18 influenza season brought record numbers of cases in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres, resulting in high rates of influenza‐related hospital admission and death. Estimated efficacy of flu vaccine was low against the most common circulating strain, influenza A (H3N2). Decreased efficacy may be due to changes in circulating virus or mutations that occur in the vaccine strain during the manufacturing process.
Measures of cardiac function in Theraphosidae spiders using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Merrifield Gavin D. , Brydges Nichola M. , Hall Lynsey , Mullin James , Gallagher Lindsay , Pizzi Romain , Holmes William M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe report the first in vivo cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of Theraphosidae spiders. MRI scanning is performed on six spiders under isoflurane‐induced anaesthesia. Retrospective self‐gating cine‐cardiac MRI (RG‐CINE‐MRI) is used to overcome the difficulties of prospective cardiac gating in this species. The resulting RG‐CINE‐MRI images are successfully analyzed to obtain functional cardiac parameters from live spiders at rest. Cardiac ejection fraction is found to increase with animal mass (Pearson correlation 0.849, P = 0.03) at a faster rate than myocardial tissue volume, whereas heart rate remains constant across animals. This suggests the spider heart undergoes additional biomechanical loading with age. The results of the present study demonstrate the potential for retrospective gating with respect to evaluating aspects of cardiac function in a wide range of previously inaccessible species.
Development of an in vitro protocol to screen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis pathogenicity in different Solanum species
Authors: Mohd Nadzir M. M. , Vieira Lelis F. M. , Thapa B. , Ali A. , Visser R. G. F. , van Heusden A. W. , van der Wolf J. M. 
Published: August 2018

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) is a quarantine organism in Europe and in many other countries. It is one of the most severe bacterial pathogens affecting tomato. Screening tomato plants for their resistance level to Cmm requires a large amount of space under quarantine conditions and is therefore costly. This project developed a new inoculation protocol on in vitro tomato plants to facilitate a more economic and higher throughput disease screening. A new method using the PathoScreen system was tested to localize green fluorescent protein‐tagged Cmm in planta and to quantify the pathogen based on the percentage of corrected GFP (cGFP%). The system was sensitive in detecting the GFP‐tagged Cmm in the shoots, but in the roots a high autofluorescence masked detection and thus sensitivity of the assay. The in vitro protocol was tested on several wild relatives of tomato, which were previously screened in a greenhouse assay. The correlation between wilt symptoms in vitro and wilt symptoms in the greenhouse was overall moderate (r = 0.6462). The protocol worked well in differentiating the two parents that were used in the mapping studies. This study shows that the in vitro protocol can be efficiently used for resistance breeding in many tomato genotypes.
Meta‐analysis of fungicide efficacy on soybean target spot and cost–benefit assessment
Authors: Edwards Molina J. P. , Paul P. A. , Amorim L. , da Silva L. H. C. P. , Siqueri F. V. , Borges E. P. , Campos H. D. , Nunes Junior J. , Meyer M. C. , Martins M. C. , Balardin R. S. , Carlin V. J. , Grigolli J. F. J. , Belufi L. M. de R. , Godoy C. V. 
Published: August 2018

Target spot of soybean has spread in Brazil, the southeastern United States and Argentina in the last decade. A collaborative network of field Uniform Fungicide Trials (UFT) in Brazil was created in 2011 to study the target spot control efficacy of fungicides, including azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr (AZ_BF), carbendazim (CZM), fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (FLUX_PYRA), epoxiconazole + FLUX_PYRA (EPO_FLUX_PYRA), mancozeb (MZB) and prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin (PROT_TRIF). Network meta‐analysis was used to conduct a quantitative synthesis of UFT data collected from 2012 to 2016 and to evaluate the effects of disease pressure (DP, low ≤ 35% target spot severity in the nontreated control < high) and year of experiment on the overall mean efficacy and yield response to each of the tested fungicides. Based on mean percentage control of target spot severity, the tested fungicides fall into three efficacy groups (EG): high EG, FLUX_PYRA (76.2% control relative to the nontreated control) and EPO_FLUX_PYRA (75.7% control); intermediate EG, PROT_TRIF (66.5% control) and low EG, MZB (49.6% control), AZ_BF (46.7% control) and CZM (32.4% control). DP had a significant effect on yield response. At DPLow, the highest response was due to PROT_TRIF (+342 kg ha−1, +12.8%) and EPO_FLUX_PYRA (+295.5 kg ha−1, +11.2%), whereas at DPHigh, EPO_FLUX_PYRA and FLUX_PYRA outperformed the other treatments, with yield responses of 503 kg ha−1 (+20.2%) and 469 kg ha−1 (+19.1%), respectively. The probability of a positive return on fungicide investment ranged from 0.26 to 0.56 at DPLow and from 0.34 to 0.66 at DPHigh.