bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal healthcare services use in Mwanza Region, Tanzania: A cross-sectional baseline survey
Authors: Orwa James , Mantel Michaela , Mugerwa Micheal , Brownie Sharon , Pallangyo Eunice Siaity , Mwasha Loveluck , Isangula Kahabi , Subi Leonard , Mrema Secilia , Edwards Grace , Siso David , Selestine Edna , Mwansisya Tumbwene , Mbekenga Columba , Temmerman Marleen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Improving maternal health by reducing maternal morbidity and mortality relates to Goal 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals. Achieving this goal is supported by antenatal care (ANC), health facility delivery, and postpartum care. This study aimed to understand levels of use and correlates of uptake of maternal healthcare services among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Mwanza Region, Tanzania.Methods A cross-sectional multi-stage sampling household survey was conducted to obtain data from 1476 households in six districts of Mwanza Region. Data for the 409 women who delivered in the 2 years before the survey were analyzed for three outcomes: four or more ANC visits (ANC4+), health facility delivery, and postpartum visits. Factors associated with the three outcomes were determined using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering at the district level while adjusting for all variables.Results Of the 409 eligible women, 58.2% attended ANC4+, 76.8% delivered in a health facility, and 43.5% attended a postpartum clinic. Women from peri-urban, island, and rural regions were less likely to have completed ANC4+ or health facility delivery compared with urban women. Education and early first antenatal visit were associated with ANC4+ and health facility delivery. Mothers from peri-urban areas and those who with health facility delivery were more likely to attend postpartum check-ups.Conclusion Use of ANC services in early pregnancy influences the number of ANC visits, leading to higher uptake of ANC4+ and health facility delivery. Postpartum check-ups for mothers and newborns are associated with health facility delivery. Encouraging early initiation of ANC visits may increase the uptake of maternal healthcare services.
Storage time and temperature affect the isolation rate of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida from bovine bronchoalveolar lavage samples
Authors: Driessche Laura Van , De Neve Charlotte , Haesebrouck Freddy , Leenen Katharina van , Boyen Filip , Pardon Bart 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background A microbiological diagnosis is essential to better target antimicrobial treatment, control and prevention of respiratory infections in cattle. Under field conditions, non-endoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (nBAL) samples are increasingly collected. To what extent the highly variable turnaround time and storage temperatures between sampling and cultivation affect the isolation rate of bacterial pathogens is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this experimental study was to determine the effect of different storage temperatures (0°C, 8°C, 23°C and 36°C) and times (0,2,4,6,8,24,48 hours) on the isolation rate and concentration of Pasteurellaceae in nBAL samples from clinically affected animals.Results Storage at 36°C resulted in a reduced isolation rate already 2 hours after sampling for Mannheimia haemolytica and 24 hours after sampling for Pasteurella multocida . When samples were stored at 23°C, a decrease in M. haemolytica and P.multocida isolation rate was noticed, starting at 24 and 48 hours after sampling, respectively. The presence of microbial contamination negatively affected the isolation of P. multocida in clinical nBAL samples. An increase in concentration of contaminating bacteria was noticed after 24 hours of sampling at a temperature of 36°C and after 48 hours of sampling at a temperature of 23°C.Conclusion Optimal M. haemolytica and P. multocida isolation rates from clinical nBAL samples are obtained after storage at 0°C or 8°C, provided that the sample is cultivated within 24 hours after sampling. The maximum period a sample can be stored without an effect on the M. haemolytica and P. multocida isolation success varies and is dependent on the storage temperature and the degree of microbial contamination.
Unmet obstetric need in emergency obstetric services in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North Shoa Zone, Amhara Regional state, Ethiopia, 2019.
Authors: Kebede Shambel , Mekonnen Wassie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction Complications and obstetric emergencies were taken as an indicator of obstetric need. Obstetric needs are a health problem that needs Emergency Obstetric intervention. The assessment of Unmet Obstetric Need has never been articulated in studies conducted on Emergency Obstetric Care in the study area. This study identifies gap and deficit of Major Obstetric Intervention for Absolute Maternal Indication in relation to the existing need.Method A one year facility based cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted from July 8/2017-July 7/2018 G.C on mothers who delivered with Major Obstetric Intervention (Absolute Maternal Indication and non-Absolute Maternal Indication) at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital. Data was collected using structured and pre-tested format by four midwife trained data collectors from patient medical records. Rates of major obstetric interventions performed for absolute maternal indications among all expected births was calculated to assess unmet obstetric need. Training and using structured format were used to ensure the data quality in addition to supervision.Result A total of 363 major obstetric interventions were conducted in the study area. The result revealed that the unmet obstetric need of the area was 31.4%. Caesarean sections took the largest share of Major obstetric interventions 358(98.6%). Out of 153 women with absolute maternal indications majority were cephalo-pelvic disproportion which account 87(24%). The number of major obstetric interventions done without absolute maternal indications was 210(57.8%) where majority 78(29.5%) were done for fetal distress.Conclusion and recommendation There was higher unmet obstetric needs in rural than urban areas. Even though maternal mortality has been declining and no death was observed. The caesarean section rate was 2.3% this was below the world health organization recommendation 5% to 15%. Estimating the amount of unmet need for major obstetric interventions provide the information necessary for planning and prioritizing the development of services; and lead to action for the reduction of maternal mortality at local level.
The effect of Self-Rated Health in Pregnancy on the type of delivery in Bandar Abbas pregnancy cohort, 2016-2018
Authors: Holakouie-Naieni Kourosh , Nematollahi Shahrzad , Madani Abdul-Hussain , Moameri Hossein 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Self-rated health in pregnancy can be a predictor of adverse childbirth outcomes and maternal health problems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of maternal self-rated health on the type of delivery in Bandar Abbas pregnancy cohort.Methods This study used data of 247 mothers registered in a prospective cohort study on pregnant women in the suburbs of Bandar Abbas city, South of Iran. Self-rated health of mothers in pregnancy was measured by the answer to the question: “How do you evaluate your health in general?” The study outcome defined as having cesarean section measured at the second visit during postpartum period. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using Cox regression models.Results The prevalence of bad/poor, good/excellent Self-rated health and cesarean section was 19.3% (n=42), 80.97% (n=200) and 40%, respectively. Compared to good self-rated health, the risk of cesarean section was 78% higher (RR= 1.78, 95% CI 1.32-2.4) in mothers with bad self-rated health. The risk of elective cesarean section and emergency cesarean section was 72% (RR= 1.72, 95% CI 1.09– 2.7) and 91% (RR= 1.91, 95% CI 1.04- 3.48) higher in mothers with bad self-rated health, respectively.Conclusion Our findings showed that self-rated health during pregnancy may effect cesarean section. Accordingly, the integration of screening for mental health morbidities into pregnancy health care packages are proposed.
Genome-wide identification of the Dicer-like family in cotton and analysis of the DCL expression modulation in response to biotic stress in two contrasting commercial cultivars
Authors: Moura Marianna de Oliveira , Fausto Anna Karoline S , Fanelli Amanda , Guedes Fernanda A de F , Silva Tatiane da F , Romanel Elisson , Vaslin Maite F S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Dicer-like proteins (DCLs) are fundamental players in RNA-silencing mechanisms acting in gene regulation via miRNAs and in antiviral protection in plants, in addition to being related to other biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite be identified in some crops, cotton DCLs weren't characterized until now. Here we characterize the DCLs of three cotton species and analyzed their expression profiles during biotic stress. Results We identified 11 DCLs in the allotetraploid cotton Gossypium hirsutum and 7 and 6 in the diploid G. arboreum and G. raimondii, respectively. Among some DCL duplication observed in these genomes, we observe the presence of an extra DCL3 in the three cotton species, not found in others eudicots until now. All the DCL types identified by in silico analysis in the allotetraploid cotton genome were able to generate transcripts, as observed by gene expression analysis in distinct tissues. Based on the importance of DCLs for plant virus defense, responses of cotton DCLs to virus infection and/or herbivore attack using two commercial cotton cultivars (cv.), one susceptible (Fibermax 966) and another resistant (Delta Opal) to polerovirus CLRDV infection were analyzed. Both cvs. responded differently to virus infection. At the initial stages, 24dpi, the resistant cv. showed strong induction of DCL2a and b, while the susceptible cv. showed a down-regulation of these genes, wherever DCL4 expression was highly induced. Herbivore attack did not induce contrasting profiles between cotton DCLs transcripts in either cotton cv. Conclusions The allotetraploide cotton G. hirsutum has almost all DCLs found in their diploid relative and duplication of DCL2 and DCL3 were found in the three species. All the four classes of DCL respond to aphid attack and virus infection in G. hirsutum, however, remarkable differences in DCL initial responses against the virus itself may be responsible for the virus susceptible and/or resistant phenotype of the contrasting cotton cv. studied.
Effects of Educational Interventions on Oral Hygiene: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dadipoor Sakineh , Ghaffari Mohtasham , Alipour Abbas , Safari-Moradabadi Ali 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: This study assesses the impact of school based educational interventions on oral hygiene of students conducted worldwide. This is a systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Methods: Our investigation was conducted in electronic databases including MEDLINE Ovid), Embase Ovid, Scopus), Web of Science from 2000 to march 2018. The data were extracted based on a standard data collection form specific to observational studies, and entered into RevMan2014. Twelve studies of students in this review finally entered the study including five individual RCTs, four cluster-RCTs, and three quasi-experimental studies. Results: Meta-analyses showed a significant difference in knowledge (SMD 3.31, 95% CI 2.52 to 4.11; P < 0.001), attitude (SMD 1. 99, 95% CI 0. 43 to 3.54; P < 0.01), behavior (SMD 4.74, 95% CI 3.70 to 5.77; P < 0.001), plaque index (SMD -1. 01, 95% CI -1.50 to -0. 51; P < 0. 001) and Gingival index (SMD 0.33, 95% CI -0. 36 to 1.02; P = 0.34) for students receiving educational interventions compared to those receiving usual care . Discussion: The focus of the present study is the efficacy of all oral health education and promotion interventions, especially in terms of short-term outcomes. Since long-term and short-term results are of tremendous importance for oral and dental education programs, it will be possible to make these interventions in the future with several target groups, including families and teachers.
A novel method for measurement of occipital-cervical distance by occiput-C4 distance
Authors: Tang Chao , Yang Sheng , Liao Ye Hui , Tang Qiang , Ma Fei , Wang Qing , Zhong Dejun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To describe and measure the occipital-cervical distance by a novel method utilizing the occiput-C4 distance (OC4D) in normal subjects that can be used to guide the restoration of vertical dislocation of the occipitocervical region in patients with basilar invagination and to perform standardized testing of occipitocervical constructs.Methods: Neutral, flexion, and extension lateral cervical spine radiographs of 150 asymptomatic subjects (73 males and 77 females) judged to be normal were analyzed. The mean age was 48.0±8.4 years old (range 20–69 years; 48.4±10.2 years old for males and 47.6±6.4 years old for females). Analysis consisted of measurement of the OC4D. The OC4D was defined as the shortest distance from the center of the C4 vertebral body to the McGregor’s line. Two spine surgeons measured the OC4D thrice in the normal population and obtained the average values. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of each subject was recorded and analyze its correlation with OC4D.Results: The values of OC4D on neutral, flexion, and extension lateral cervical spine radiographs were 69.0±6.9 mm, 68.9±6.8 mm and 68.1±6.9 mm, respectively. There was no significantly different from the values measured in neutral、flexion and extension (P> 0.05). But the OC4D of males were higher than females in neutral, flexion, and extension (P < 0.001 for all). There was a positive correlation between OC4D and height and weight in neutral、flexion and extension (P <0.001 for all). The correlation between O-C4D and BMI was weak, and no significant in neutral, flexion, and extension (P > 0.05). The ICC values of inter- and intra-observer agreements for the radiographic parameter in all of the cervical positions were more than 0.93.Conclusions: OC4D, a new measurement method for occipital-cervical distance that is not affected by the change in neutral, flexion, and extension positions, should be a valuable parameter and intra-operative tool to guide the vertical restoration during OCF for patients with altered occiput-cervical anatomy.
Transcriptome analysis of peripheral whole blood reveals key lncRNAs implicated in childhood asthma
Authors: Zheng Peiyan , Huang Chen , Leng Dongliang , Feng Mengjie , Sun Baoqing , Zhang Xiaohua Douglas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic disorder of both adults and children affecting more than 300 million people heath worldwide. Diagnose and treatment for asthma, particularly in childhood asthma have always remained a great challenge because of its complex pathogenesis and multiple triggers, such as allergen, viral infection, tobacco smoke, dust, etc. It is thereby essential to explore novel biomarker or target for diagnose and therapy. Results In the present study, we performed a systematic transcriptome analysis based on the deep RNA sequencing of ten asthmatic children before and after desensitization treatment. First, a large number of lncRNAs were identified and characterized. Then a co-expressed network analysis was conducted to explore potential asthma-related lncRNAs using WGCNA R package. Module analysis disclosed 17 genes associated to asthma at distinct level. Subsequent network analysis based on PCC figured out several key lncRNAs related to asthma, i.e., LINC02145, GUSBP2, which probably involves in immune, inflammatory response and apoptosis process. Conclusions Our study successfully discovered many key noncoding RNA molecules related to pathogenesis of asthma and relevant treatment, which may provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for asthmatic diagnose and therapy.
Microbial Changes Associated with IBD Mouse Model and Microbiota Transplantation Confers Colitis Symptom in Microbiota Deletion Mice
Authors: Shang Lijun , Liu Hongbin , Dai Ziqi , Li Jie , Chen Meixia , Zeng Xiangfang , Qiao Shiyan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic and relapsing inflammation occurring among the gastrointestinal tract. Available evidence suggests that host microbiome, as well as various components of the mucosal immune system, are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD though the exact mechanism remains unknown. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have provided new insights on the function identification of gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota response to colitis and discussed the underlying mechanisms of this alteration in combination with latest research. The function of altered microbiota was investigated through microbiota transplantation technology.Results
Twenty-seven female C57BL/6J mice were fed DSS solution for 5 days and followed by 5 days normal drinking water. D 0 was considered as normal control while d 5 and d 10 were seen as disease progressive phase and recovery phase, respectively. Alpha diversity results showed that the detected microbiota composition differences among 3 phases were not due to the presence and/or absence of rare phylotypes. In IBD mouse model, community richness decreased but diversity did not change significantly. Besides, the strong negative correlation between phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased in IBD mouse model of which maybe one of the dysbiosis signatures. Furthermore, transplanting microbiota of IBD mouse model to antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion mice (Abx-mice) could induce inflammation similar to colitis. The proportion of the Lactobacillus, as well as other less abundant probiotic taxa, significantly increased in recovery phase, revealing the potential of these probiotic in IBD therapy.Conclusions
IBD could induce proportional changes of gut microbiota, and these changes are capable of conferring pathogenicity in Abx-mice. This study provides updated comprehensions of the commensal microbiota alteration.Keywords
Gut microbiota, dysbiosis, inflammation bowel disease, DSS, microbiota transplantation
Applied Boron Increases Alfalfa Petiole Boron Concentration across Water Regimes, Not Yield
Authors: Sapkota Anish , Meccage Emily , Stougaard Robert N. , Bicego Breno , Torrion Jessica A. 
Published: October 2019

Boron (B) fertilization based on soil B status may prevent negative effects on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) yield and quality. Our objective was to determine the effects of foliar‐applied B and water regimes on alfalfa yield and quality. A 2‐yr (2016–2017) study was done at Creston, MT in a fine sandy loam soil that tested 0.2 mg kg−1 B. Alfalfa was planted in 2016. Levels of B ranging from 0 to 2.24 kg B ha−1 were applied in association with three water regimes including rainfed, 50%, and 100% evapotranspiration (ET). There was no effect of B on yield or crude protein (P > 0.05) in either year. Both B fertilization and irrigation application increased petiole B concentration. In 2017, the water regime × B level interaction was significant specifically for the yield of the second cutting (P = 0.02), as well as for the relative feed value, neutral detergent fiber, and petiole B concentration in the third cutting (P < 0.05). Irrigation decreased (P < 0.01) forage quality only in the second cutting of 2016. Irrigation increased alfalfa yield by 45% in the establishment year (2016), but only by 12% in the following year. However, there was no yield difference observed (P > 0.05) between the 100ET and 50ET treatments each year, and irrigation water productivity decreased in the second year of alfalfa growth. The foliar application of B on a B‐deficient soil did not increase yield or crude protein content of alfalfa, regardless of soil moisture availability.Core Ideas

Application of B or irrigation increase petiole B concentration of alfalfa.
Increases of petiole B due to B fertilization did not increase alfalfa yield and crude protein.
Deficit irrigation did not reduce yield in alfalfa.
Regardless of water regime, application of B on B‐deficient soil did not improve yield and crude protein of alfalfa.
Greenhouse Gases from Irrigated Rice Systems under Varying Severity of Alternate‐Wetting and Drying Irrigation
Authors: Balaine Nimlesh , Carrijo Daniela R. , Adviento‐Borbe M. Arlene , Linquist Bruce 
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas
Rice cultivation under flooded conditions is a significant source of methane.
Increasing drying severity decreased methane by 41 to 71% compared to flooded conditions.
Drying beyond a certain level did not result in further methane emission reductions.
Co‐management of nitrogen and drying time ensured that N2O emissions remained low.
Increasing drying severity resulted in no reduction in grain yields.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is normally grown under flooded conditions and is a significant source of methane (CH4). Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is one practice which has shown promise to reduce CH4 emissions and global warming potential (GWP). Under AWD, the soil is allowed to dry periodically during the growing season. In this 2‐yr field study, three different severities of drying were compared to a continuously flooded condition to quantify effects on rice yields, greenhouse gas emissions, GWP and yield‐scaled GWP (GWPY). The AWD treatments in order of increasing drying severity were: Safe‐AWD (AWDS) where plots were reflooded when the perched water table fell 15 cm below the soil surface (volumetric water content of 41 to 44%); and AWD35 and AWD25 where plots were reflooded when the soil volumetric water content reached approximately 35 and 25%, respectively. Each of these treatments received two drying cycles (all occurring between 45 d after planting and heading). Grain yields and cumulative N2O emissions (close to zero) did not vary significantly among treatments. The AWDS reduced CH4 emissions by 41% and the AWD35 and AWD25 by 56 to 73% and 60 to 67%, respectively. Since only CH4 differed between treatments, AWD reduced GWP and GWPY by the same relative amount as CH4. Increasing drying severity reduced CH4, GWP and GWPY emissions up to a point (AWD35) but continued drying (AWD25) did not further reduce CH4 emissions. Given the high early season CH4 fluxes, drying earlier may result in greater reductions of CH4 in wet seeded rice systems but this requires further study as there may be negative effects such as increased N2O emissions.