bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENCIPTAAN MANUSIA
Authors: Soleh Ritonga Muhammad 
Published: April 2019

Humans is one of the best part for discussing in Philosophical. The existence of human can not be dissevered from the beginning and the end of creation of the universe. Based on the statement above, there was a problem that must be answered, i.e , how do the philoshopers and muslims think of the origin of life, human and the end of the universe? According to Thales (625-545 SM) the Universe is derivation from th water and it’s returned to the water. Anaxagoras (± 499 – 420 SM) thinked that the creation of the cosmos is caused by atoms, Anaimenes has said that the creation of the universe is derivation from air by processing of condentation and rarefaction. In holy Qur’an Al-Anbiya/21, verse 30 told that the universe is the one entity that unity . “ Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were joined together as one united piece, then We parted them? And We have made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe? (QS. Al-Anbiya’/21 : 30)”. Based on those, there was a similarity view between the holy Qur’an and the argument of the philosophers about the process of the occurence of Universe and also the relationship between the water and the air. In the islamic view, the universe has a beginning, so, the universe must has beginning and ending ( eschalogy). Evidently now the philosophers have justified that the end of the universe will come true. The Methode of collecting the data of this research used Library Research , and also using qualitative approach. There are similar or different views about the occurance of the universe, its contents, and also its destruction.
APLIKASI PEMANTAUAN STATUS GIZI BERDASARKAN PENGUKURAN ANTROPOMETRI MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY LOGIC
Authors: Sari Diska Yunita , Dewanto Wahyu K. , Surateno Surateno 
Published: April 2019

Masalah kekurangan gizi pada orang dewasa (usia 18 tahun keatas) merupakan masalah penting, karena selain mempunyai resiko penyakit-penyakit tertentu, juga dapat mempengaruhi produktifitas kerja. Oleh karena itu, pemantauan keadaan tersebut perlu dilakukan secara berkesinambungan. Salah satu cara adalah dengan mempertahankan berat badan yang ideal atau normal. Status gizi merupakan deskripsi keseimbangan antara asupan gizi dengan kebutuhan tubuh secara individual. Pada dasarnya status gizi dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor yaitu konsumsi makanan, pendidikan orang tua, pendapatan orang tua, dan kesadaran orang tua tentang pentingnya masalah gizi, akan tetapi akan tetapi faktor yang dominan adalah faktor konsumsi makanan.Antropometri merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat dipakai secara universal, tidak mahal untuk mengukur ukuran, bagian, dan komposisi tubuh manusia. Antropometri penting untuk kesehatan masyarakat dan dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan dan kesejahteraan sosial. Selain itu, aplikasi antropometri dapat dipakai untuk menilai status pertumbuhan, status gizi dan obesitas, olah raga, teknik dan lanjut usia.
THE EFFECTS OF THE COMMON FISHERIES POLICY ON THE THEORY OF THE AVAILABILITY OF MARINE RESOURCES
Authors: Gielo-Politewicz Magdalena 
Published: April 2019

The aim of the paper is to present issues connected with responsibility in the fishery industry. The paper discusses the ‘tragedy of common.’ An attempt was made to formulate proposals for how to increase the efficiency of marine resource management and reduce the problem of declining fisheries. The publication analyses the current Common Fisheries Policy in the context of overfishing. It will take a great deal of serious effort for fishermen, scientists and politicians to solve the problem of the Baltic Sea. The rebirth of fish stocks will create healthier ecosystems and greater reproduction of fish populations. A higher number of fish schools may result in more balanced catch figures. It is expected that profits will increase and thereby result in more jobs and higher salaries, leading to a greater overall profitability of the fishing sector.
JEL classification: Q 22
AS POLÍTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL NO BRASIL E A QUALIFICAÇÃO DOS TRABALHADORES
Authors: Sousa Tássia Pinheiro de , Lima Sales Francisco José 
Published: April 2019

Neste estudo, faremos um resgate histórico das políticas de educação profissional no Brasil, visando identificar a concepção de qualificação proposta pelas políticas de educação profissional. Partiremos da história da educação profissional desde o Brasil Colônia até os anos 2000, vislumbrando o processo de qualificação em cada década até chegarmos ao Pronatec. Tais discussões serão subsidiadas pelos pensamentos de Manfredi (2002), Libâneo (2001), Cunha (2000a) e Ferreti (1997). É possível perceber que a perspectiva tecnicista persiste atualmente, principalmente através dos programas de qualificação, a exemplo do Pronatec, tendo em vista que a qualificação, de modo geral, é rápida e focada nos processos produtivos.
Parameters of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Protection in Men with Pathological Spermogram Variants
Authors: Kurashova Nadezhda A. , Kudeyarova Ekaterina A. , Kuznetsova Ekaterina O. 
Published: April 2019

Background. Today infertile marriage is not only a serious medical, but also a socio-demographic and economic problem. Male factor contributes averagely to half of the cases of the disease in couples. Such factors as high levels of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress have been reported to compromise the process of spermatogenesis and sperm function in men. Oxidative stress is a significant risk factor for male infertility. A pro-oxidant testicular environment may alter the expression profile of functional sperm proteins and result in poor sperm quality.Aims. To study the characteristics of the intensity of the processes of lipoperoxidation and antioxidant status in the ejaculate of men with different variants of spermograms.Materials and methods. We examined 69 men with primary infertility and 155 fertile men. The content of lipid peroxidation components and antioxidant protection was determined by spectrophotometric method.Results. The results of the study in men with infertility and asthenozoospermia showed decreased total antioxidant activity of sperm by 50 % and α-tocopherol by 52 %, and in men with infertility and oligozoospermia, decreased total antioxidant activity of sperm by 47 % and α-tocopherol by 41 %.Conclusions. The analysis indicates a change in the parameters of the system of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense system and confirms the development of oxidative stress in them. Depending on the pathological state of the ejaculate in men of reproductive age, lipid peroxidation processes have their own characteristics. In men with oligozoospermia, peroxidation processes occur more intensively. Activation of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense system processes can be both a consequence and a cause of various metabolic changes in the human body.
Bone Regeneration in the Application of a New Device for Osteosynthesis in the Experiment
Authors: Suchkov Dmitriy I. , Pavlov Artem V. , Vinogradov Aleksandr A. , Zherebyatyeva Svetlana R. , Timofeev Vasiliy E. , Lazutina Galina S. , Ovchinnikova Natalya V. , Tarasova Viktoria N. 
Published: April 2019

Background. Treatment of residual cavities after radical surgery for bone diseases is a vital problem of modern traumatology. Currently, there is an active search for devices both for osteosynthesis and bone-substituting masses. Aims. The purpose of this work was to test a new device for osteosynthesis. It can be used both for fixing bone fragments, and for studying the morphological features of bone regenerate in experiment.Materials and methods. A device for bone osteosynthesis of tubular bones in an experiment (Patent of the Russian Federation N 20116121487) was applied. The device consisted of two half-bushings, fastened to each other by a fierce clamp. Polypropylene was used as the material for the half-bushings, therefore no immunological reactions were observed. On the inner surface there were silicone cylinders, which directed pressure on the fragments and did not disturb the nutrition of the periosteum. The experiment was performed on Wistar rats. The surgical defect of the femur was filled with hydroxyapatite. Two groups of animals were identified. The bone in the first group was fixed by the device. The wire cerclage was used in the second group.Results. The study showed that the developed device does not disturb the nutrition of the periosteum, and also tightly fixes the osteoplastic material in the bone defect. Histological examination showed that bone regeneration was faster when the device was used. On the 21st day of the experiment, the regenerate filled the defect in the control group by 62 %, and in the experimental group by 73 %. The regenerate was represented by a woven bone. In all animals, bone regenerate formed a strong osteo-integrative connection with the maternal bone. In both groups, it looked like a mature bone tissue at the end of the experiment (28 days).Conclusion. The data indicate that the device does not disturb the processes of bone formation and allows for more efficient use osteoplastic material.
Remarriage as Family Reorganization For Divorced Persons — A Canadian Study
Authors: Schlesinger Benjamin 
Published: April 2019

Remarriage is a social institution; that is, it is an established pattern of operating which serves both public and private interests in an orderly, accepted, enduring way. A remarriage contains a valuable combination: the reality of a disruption of some kind and degree, and an attempt at reorganization. In short, as on of several solutions to family breakdown, it warrants examination per se. To date, little attention has been paid to this topic on the part of North American Sociologists. The paper examines first phenomenon of remarriage, which constitutes 13 per cent per annum of all marriages in Canada. The trends are analyzed. Secondly, a report of selected findings of an exploratory study of remarried subjects, which included 90 previously divorced persons, in Metropolitan Toronto, are presented. The findings relate to attitudes about the divorce, qualities sought in a second mate, reasons for remarriage, advice to those planning a second marriage, sexual adjustment, expectations in a second union, and and satisfaction found in a second marriage. A review of the existing literature is included in the paper.
Sexual Equality and Violence Against Wives in American States
Authors: Yllo Kersti 
Published: April 2019

The relationship between increasing sexual equality and the level of violence against wives has been the subject of some debate. A negative relationship has been posited by those who point out that as economic, educational, and legal opportunities and rights for women improve, fewer women remain trapped in violent marriages. Others have suggested that violence may increase as these social changes create additional strain and frustration for males attempting to retain their dominant position. This controversy is the focus of the present study. Using American states as the unit of analysis, the relationship between the societal status of women (in economic, educational, political, and legal spheres) and the rate of wife-beating is empirically examined. A status of Women Index is developed on the basis of U.S. Census and other data. State violence rates are based on data from a representative sample of 2143 American adults. The central finding of the study is that there appears to be a curvilinear relationship between women’s status and wife-beating. In states whre women’s status is lowest, wives are most likely to be assaulted by their husbands. Violence deceases as sexual equality increases—to a point. In those states where the status of women is highest, the level of violence against wives is also quite high. It is suggested that limited options to violent marriage may keep battered wives in abusive relationships in low-status states. In states where women’s status is relatively high, increased conflict and violence may be the consequence of rapid social changes which may be threatening to husbands. The study focuses on short-run consequences of increasing sexual equality. It does not address the impact of institutionalized sexual equality because even the highest status states are far from fully egalitarian.
The Segmentation and Integration of the Chinese in Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Crissman Lawrence W. , Beattie George , Selby James 
Published: April 2019

The history of the Chinese in Australia is traced, beginning with the gold rush of the mid-nineteenth century when there were nearly 10,000 at one point, almost all of them being male. Numbers of Chinese in Australia declined under the White Australia policy until there were fewer than 8,500 full-Chinese enumerated in the 1947 census, roughly half of them being Australian born, but only one quarter of them being female. Well more than half of all Chinese in Australia at that time were in Sydney, whereas Brisbane had only 500 or so. There were in addition some thousands of part-Chinese in Australia, over a quarter of whom were in Queensland. In 1956 immigration restrictions were eased, and in 1965 they were removed entirely, leading to a gradual influx of highly educated, largely westernized, and often affluent Chinese from China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore, and later from the ex-Australian Trust Territory of Papua New Guinea. By 1976 there were again nearly as many Chinese in Australia as there had been 100 years before (37,000), three-quarters of them foreign-born. Unlike the ear ly Chinese in Australia, who maintained sub-ethnic distinctions based on origins in China similar to those found in other overseas Chinese communities, the recent arrivals in Brisbane and elsewhere in Australia have congregated and formed associations on the basis of their country of birth (or extraction), although most are highly integrated into Australian society in general. Between the 1976 census and the one in 1981, Australia took in some 50,000 refugees from lndo-China, well over half of whom were ethnic Chinese. However unlike the other immigrant Chinese they are neither well educated (at least in English), nor westernized, nor wealthy. As a result, they have congregated in low-rent inner-city areas rather than dispersing in the affluent suburbs. These new, highly visible concentrations of Chinese, whose numbers have continued to grow, represent an entirely new element, and may come to compose an Australian Chinese proletariate that can be increasingly exploited by established Chinese, as well as wealthy new immigrants from Southeast Asia and, especially, Hong Kong.
Persistence, Change and Innovation: The Social Organization of the New Zeafand Chinese 1866-1976
Authors: Sedgwick Charles P. 
Published: April 2019

The central concern of this paper has to do with a description and explanation of the strategies used by the New Zealand Chinese to articulate their autonomy and survive in a context which would at times deny this possibility. The framework for the description and explanation draws mainly on the analytical contributions of Crissman (1967) and Wickberg (1979) and thus focusses on the unique organisational structures that are ubiquitious in the overseas Chinese context. These organisational structures provide not only a map to the internal and external relations of the Chinese community but also a key to understanding the process of change as it occurs in that community. It is the segmentary system, including all organisational structures in the Chinese community through time, which provides a range of idioms through which the _community may combine its resources to articulate its external and internal needs as well as confronting exploitation and discrimination. The context which underlies these needs, areas of confrontation and the changing configuration of the segmentary system, is shown, not only to be the result of influences external to the community but also to derive from the unintended and intended consequences of reorganisation to cope with the former. In brief cooperation that ensues because of one set of influences can at the same time provide the basis for conflict and fragmentation within the community structure. The result of this case study reveals an organisational structure in the New Zealand Chinese community which is forced through cycles of cooperation, fragmentation and conflict but because of the capacity to undergo change has also become, it is argued, the basis of its survival.
Family, Kinship, and Ethnic Identity of the Chinese in New York City, with Comparative Remarks on the Chinese in Lima, Peru and Manila, Philippines
Authors: Wong Bernard 
Published: April 2019

The paper first examines how U.S. immigration policies and economic adaptation of the Chinese affect and modify the Chinese family system in the U.S. and then proceeds to discuss the development of the various types of Chinese American families: the old immigrant families, new immigrant families, American born Chinese families, the families of Chinese professionals and non residential extended families. These families differ not only in size but also in intrafamilial relationships and cultural identities. Some of these families are more Old World oriented; others are U.S. oriented. Some straddle two cultures - Chinese and American. Some are characterized by dominance of the traditional father-son bond, others the mother-child bond, and still others the husband-wife bond. The immigration policies and the economic adaptation of the Chinese which affected the development of the Chinese American families are responsible also for the development of the current trends: 1) the weakening of patrilineal kinship, 2) the emergence of the non-residential extended family, 3) the increased occurrence of fictive kinship, 4) the popularity of the nuclear family and 5) the replacement of the traditional fatherson bond by husband-wife bond. Some of these developmental trends are contrasted with those in Chinese communities in Lima and Manila. Although the American environment has modified the Chinese families, some Old World traditions linger on among all the Chinese in New York. All seem to value personalism and familism. All want to incorporate friends into their kinship network. This tendency of enlarging one’s personal/kinship network seems to be universal whether it is m Lima, Manila or New York City.
The Familial and the Familiar: Constancy and Variation in Chinese Culture with Reference to the HSU Attributes
Authors: Serrie Hendrick 
Published: April 2019

This paper analyzes the structures and functions of social organizations in thirteen mainland, offshore, and overseas Chinese communities. Based on the principle of recruitment, five structural types account for the social organization of these communities: kinship, residence, surname, origin, and contract. Mainland and offshore rural communities are organized in terms of kinship, residence, and contract. Overseas urban communities tend to be organized in terms of surname, origin, and contract. Marginal, rural or urban communities are organized only in terms of contract. Structural and functional data indicate that surname is a substitute for kinship, and origin is a substitute for reside nee in the organization of overseas communities, so that the familiar is a substitute for the familial in Chinese social organization. Of the 51 functions assumed by the organizations of these communities, some are determined by subsistence, others by rural-urban or mainland offshore differences. Patterns of the functional substitution indicate an interchangeability, by which almost any or all recruitment types of social organization may in some community or other be responsible for a given function. This interchangeability aids the familial-familiar orientation, not only in the creation of new organizations, but also in the retention of members on a life long basis. Structures, functions, and substitutions show a substantial presence of the Hsu attributes of continuity, inclusiveness, authority, and asexuality in overseas as well as mainland Chinese communities.
Household Structures in Rural Populations of South Togoland
Authors: Benoit D. , Levi P. , Vimard P. 
Published: April 2019

This text studies, in the rural populations of South Togoland, variations in family sizes and structures by comparing them to the socio-demographic characteristics of the heads of household and the characteristics of the native populations. This comparative analysis utilizes factor analysis to distinguish two main components in the households the nucleus and the peripheral component—and three groups of household type. The distribution of the family structures reveals an important difference between populations which is based, on the one hand, on the disparity between the total household sizes and the nuclear components, and, on the other hand, on the existence or nonexistence of a number of peripheral individuals.
Social and Demographic Correlates of Consanguineous Marriages in South India
Authors: Driver Edwin D. , Driver Aloo E. 
Published: April 2019

Interviews with a random sample of households resident in metropolitan Madras in 1966 revealed that many women, of the different age cohorts, married consanguineously. Most often these women married men who were defined by their communities as the most preferred types of mates - mother’s brother, mother’s brother’s son, or father’s sister’s son. As compared with non-consanguineous marriages, these marriages were usually arranged by the parents and usually occurred at young ages for -bride and groom. Comparatively speaking, they produced more offspring and had greater infant and child mortality. Findings for metropolitan Madras are similar to findings reported in studies of other areas of Tamil Nadu and of Karnataka State. These patterns for South India are vivid contrasts to marital patterns elsewhere in India and in other nations.
Intermarriage Between ‘White’ Britons and Immigrants from the New Commonwealth and Pakistan
Authors: Cretser Gary A. 
Published: April 2019

The 1983 General Household Survey for the United Kingdom was analyzed to examine the extent to which intermarriage has occurred between white British residents and immigrants from countries of the New Commonwealth and Pakistan (NCWP) as well as between other minority ethnic groups. Comparisons are made between intermarrying and intrarnarrying men and women in terms of area of residence, age, length of marriage, education (school leaving age, type of institution last attended) and occupational category. The 25,000 households sampled yielded 5140 married couples of which approximately 1 % were intermarriages. The female spouses in most of the intermarriages were white (62%). There was a tendency for intermarried couples to be living in urban areas, to be younger, to be more recently married and to have achieved a higher !eve! of education than their intraethnically married counterparts. A comparison is made of the current findings to those of earlier researchers employing different data sources. The implications of the findings for understanding the assimilation of NCWP immigrants in the United Kingdom are briefly discussed. The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance provided by the Computer Centre and the Board of Study of Sociology and Social Anthropology at the University of Kent, Canterbury, England.