bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Casualties of debate: A critique of the sociology of emotion
Authors: Cobb Maggie Colleen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractI argue that the adherence to and reproduction of Western dualisms has rendered the sociology of emotion a hollow, stagnant, and incestuous subfield that privileges dichotomy over complexity, natural science over social science, discourse and display over experience and embodiment, and a single body of recycled, unidimensional mandates over “other” voices that we most desperately need to hear. In conclusion, I reiterate the material consequences brought about by an unyielding and unreflexive devotion to artificial dichotomies for “real” people in the “real” world (including sociologists of emotion.)
Education quality for future doctors: a case study of the introduction of an Education Quality Dashboard (EQD) in a UK teaching hospital
Authors: Carr Sue , Kirtley Joanne , Shaw Liz , Willars Janet , Tarrant Carolyn 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe quality of postgraduate training environments vary, but measures of the quality of training environments are lacking. This case study describes the use of management principles combined with educational expertise to facilitate the development and evaluation of an Education Quality Dashboard (EQD) for monitoring the quality of training in a large UK NHS teaching hospital.MethodsEvaluation was conducted through the inspection of data‐reporting trends and interviews with key stakeholders. Fourteen key stakeholders took part in semi‐structured interviews about their experiences of implementing the EQD. Data were analysed thematically using nvivo 10.ResultsThe introduction of the EQD drove improvements in completeness of data about education standards, and improvements in performance on key metrics. Interviewees suggested that the EQD was feasible to compile but required infrastructure for data collection to be established and maintained. The use of a dashboard format was seen as helping to raise the profile of education quality standards in the trust, particularly at the board level, although some limitations of the dashboard were noted. The EQD enabled proactive monitoring and managing of problems with the educational environment, and interviewees identified concrete improvements that had resulted from the use of the dashboard. Making the EQD work well required commitment and leadership from senior staff. Feeding back and acting on findings was seen as critical for continuing engagement.DiscussionThe dashboard is now embedded as part of routine practice across the hospital, and has the potential to be implemented nationally to help drive improvements in the quality of education provision.
Determination of surgical exposure obtained with integrated endoscopic thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in large‐breed cadaveric dogs
Authors: Drury Adam G. , Monnet Eric , Packer Rebecca A. , Marolf Angela J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo define boundaries of minimally invasive integrated endoscopic hemilaminectomy at 4 sites in the canine thoracolumbar spine.Study designExperimental, randomized cadaveric study.AnimalsSix cadaver dogs that had been humanely euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study.MethodsHemilaminectomy was performed with an integrated endoscopic system at T11‐12, T12‐13, L1‐2, and L2‐3, 1 at each site, on the left or right side of each dog. Each site was randomly assigned either a 19‐mm or a 23‐mm cannula. The entire procedure, including soft tissue dissection, was performed through the cannula. Afterward, spines were imaged by computed tomography (CT) to measure the cranial and caudal extent of the hemilaminectomy from the center of the disc space.ResultsThe mean ± SD cranial extent of the hemilaminectomy was 4.5 ± 1.4 mm for the 19‐mm cannula and 5.6 ± 1.4 mm for the 23‐mm cannulas (P = .0757). The caudal extent of the hemilaminectomy was 9.5 ± 2.2 mm for the 19‐mm cannula and 10.3 ± 1.6 mm for the 23‐mm cannula (P = .206). The mean length of the hemilaminectomy was 13.0 ± 1.5 mm for the 19‐mm cannula and 15.0 ± 2.1 mm for the 23‐mm cannula (P = .022).ConclusionIntegrated endoscopic systems were reliably used to access the spinal canal within the range of the above measurements relative to the disc space as identified by CT or magnetic resonance imaging.Clinical significanceIntegrated endoscopy can be considered as an option in dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusions or other pathology measuring within the parameters defined by this study. Access may be possible beyond the dimensions defined in this study with probing and repositioning.
Biomechanical analysis of unidirectional knotless suture loop weld integrity after passage through a cadaveric body wall
Authors: Bailey Kristin L. , Johnson Matthew , Travers Colin J. , Fox‐Alvarez W. Alexander 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the integrity of the welded end loop on unidirectional knotless suture after transabdominal passage in a canine cadaver.Study designEx vivo biomechanical study.Study populationFour variations of unidirectional knotless suture and 1 canine cadaver.MethodsWelded end loop on strands consisted of 0 Quill polydioxanone (QP; n = 22), 0 Quill monoderm (QM; n = 23), 2‐0 V‐Loc 90 (V9; n = 12), and 2‐0 V‐Loc 180 (V18; n = 12). Half of the suture strands in each group were passed percutaneously through an insufflated cadaveric body wall, and the remaining half served as intact controls. A linear testing machine was used to load the sutures to failure. Modes of and loads to failure were compared within and between suture types.ResultsLoads to failure did not differ between sutures passed through the body wall and their controls when the loop remained intact. Sutures V9, V18, and QM sustained higher loads to failure compared with QP. All Quill suture lines failed at the weld during testing. Thirty‐three percent of QP sutures failed at the weld during initial passage through the body wall. V‐Loc sutures failed at the suture–apparatus interface, within the welded loop, or a combination.ConclusionPassing suture through a cadaveric body wall did not affect the integrity of the welded end loop of any of the unidirectional knotless sutures tested here when the loop remained intact.Clinical significanceUnidirectional knotless suture (V9, V18 and QM) can be safely passed through a canine body wall for use in laparoscopic procedures. The use of QP in this manner cannot be recommended.
Carotid bodies contribute to sympathoexcitation induced by acute salt overload
Authors: da Silva Elaine Fernanda , Bassi Mirian , Menani José Vanderlei , Colombari Débora Simões Almeida , Zoccal Daniel Breseghello , Pedrino Gustavo Rodrigues , Colombari Eduardo 
Published: October 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does carotid body input contribute to the hyperosmotic responses?
What is the main finding and its importance?
The response to NaCl overload is sympathorespiratory excitation. Eliminating the carotid body input reduced sympathoexcitation but did not affect the increase in phrenic burst frequency, whereas eliminating the hypothalamus prevented the tachypnoea and sympathoexcitation. We conclude that the carotid body inputs are essential for the full expression of the sympathetic activity during acute NaCl overload, whereas the tachypnoea depends on hypothalamic mechanisms.
AbstractAcute salt excess activates central osmoreceptors, which trigger an increase in sympathetic and respiratory activity. The carotid bodies also respond to hyperosmolality of the extracellular compartment, but their contribution to the sympathoexcitatory and ventilatory responses to NaCl overload remains unknown. To evaluate their contribution to acute NaCl overload, we recorded thoracic sympathetic (tSNA), phrenic (PNA) and carotid sinus nerve activities in decorticate in situ preparations of male Holtzman rats (60–100 g) while delivering intra‐arterial infusions of hyperosmotic NaCl (0.17, 0.3, 0.7, 1.5 and 2.0 mol l−1; 200 μl infusion over 25–30 s, with a 10 min time interval between solutions) or mannitol (0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.7 and 3.8 mol l−1) progressively. The cumulative infusions of hyperosmotic NaCl increased the perfusate osmolality to 341 ± 5 mosmol (kg water)−1 and elicited an immediate increase in PNA and tSNA (n = 6, P < 0.05) in sham‐denervated rats. Carotid body removal attenuated sympathoexcitation (n = 5, P < 0.05) but did not affect the tachypnoeic response. A precollicular transection disconnecting the hypothalamus abolished the sympathoexcitatory and tachypnoeic responses to NaCl overload (n = 6, P < 0.05). Equi‐osmolar infusions of mannitol did not alter the PNA and tSNA in sham‐denervated rats (n = 5). Sodium chloride infusions increased carotid sinus nerve activity (n = 10, P < 0.05), whereas mannitol produced negligible changes (n = 5). The results indicate that carotid bodies are activated by acute NaCl overload, but not by mannitol. We conclude that the carotid bodies contribute to the increased sympathetic activity during acute NaCl overload, whereas the ventilatory response is mainly mediated by hypothalamic mechanisms.
Prolonged exercise training improves the acute type II muscle fibre satellite cell response in healthy older men
Authors: Snijders Tim , Nederveen Joshua P. , Bell Kirsten E. , Lau Sean W. , Mazara Nicole , Kumbhare Dinesh A. , Phillips Stuart M. , Parise Gianni 
Published: October 2018

Key points
Skeletal muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells, play a crucial role in repair and remodelling of muscle in response to exercise
An age‐related decline in satellite cell number and/or function has been hypothesized to be a key factor in the development of sarcopenia and/or the blunted muscle fibre adaptive response to prolonged exercise training in older persons
We report that performing prolonged exercise training improves the acute type II muscle fibre satellite cell response following a single bout of resistance exercise in older men.
The observed improvement in muscle satellite function is associated with an increase in muscle fibre capillarization following exercise training suggesting a possible functional link between capillarization and satellite cell function.
AbstractAge‐related type II muscle fibre atrophy is accompanied by a fibre type‐specific decline in satellite cell number and function. Exercise training restores satellite cell quantity in older adults; however, whether it can restore the impaired satellite cell response to exercise in older adults remains unknown. Therefore we assessed the acute satellite cell response to a single exercise session before and after prolonged exercise training in older men. Fourteen older men (74 ± 8 years) participated in a 12‐week exercise training programme (resistance exercise performed twice per week, high intensity interval training once per week). Before and after training, percutaneous biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were taken prior to and following 24 and 48 h of post‐exercise recovery. Muscle fibre characteristics were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression by RT‐PCR. Whereas no changes were observed in type II muscle fibres, type I muscle fibre satellite cell content increased significantly at 24 and 48 h after a single bout of resistance exercise before the exercise training programme (P < 0.01). Following the exercise training programme, both type I and type II muscle fibre satellite cell content increased significantly at 24 and 48 h after a single bout of resistance exercise (P < 0.05). The greater acute increase in type II muscle fibre satellite cell content at 24 h post‐exercise recovery after training was correlated with an increase in type II muscle fibre capillarization (r = 0.671, P = 0.012). We show that the acute muscle satellite cell response following exercise can be improved by prolonged exercise training in older men.
Gene Essentiality Analyzed by
In Vivo
Transposon Mutagenesis and Machine Learning in a Stable Haploid Isolate of
Candida albicans
Authors: Segal Ella Shtifman , Gritsenko Vladimir , Levitan Anton , Yadav Bhawna , Dror Naama , Steenwyk Jacob L. , Silberberg Yael , Mielich Kevin , Rokas Antonis , Gow Neil A. R. , Kunze Reinhard , Sharan Roded , Berman Judith 
Published: October 2018

Comprehensive understanding of an organism requires that we understand the contributions of most, if not all, of its genes. Classical genetic approaches to this issue have involved systematic deletion of each gene in the genome, with comprehensive sets of mutants available only for very-well-studied model organisms. We took a different approach, harnessing the power of
in vivo
transposition coupled with deep sequencing to identify >500,000 different mutations, one per cell, in the prevalent human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
and to map their positions across the genome. The transposition approach is efficient and less labor-intensive than classic approaches. Here, we describe the production and analysis (aided by machine learning) of a large collection of mutants and the comprehensive identification of 1,610
C. albicans
genes that are essential for growth under standard laboratory conditions. Among these
C. albicans
essential genes, we identify those that are also essential in two distantly related model yeasts as well as those that are conserved in all four major human fungal pathogens and that are not conserved in the human genome. This list of genes with functions important for the survival of the pathogen provides a good starting point for the development of new antifungal drugs, which are greatly needed because of the emergence of fungal pathogens with elevated resistance and/or tolerance of the currently limited set of available antifungal drugs.
Two-year effectiveness of a stepped-care depression prevention intervention and predictors of incident depression in primary care patients with diabetes type 2 and/or coronary heart disease and subthreshold depression: data from the Step-Dep cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pols Alide Danielle , Adriaanse Marcel C , van Tulder Maurits W , Heymans Martijn W , Bosmans Judith E , van Dijk Susan E , van Marwijk Harm W J 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionMajor depressive disorders (MDD), diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and coronary heart disease (CHD) are leading contributors to the global burden of disease and often co-occur.ObjectivesTo evaluate the 2-year effectiveness of a stepped-care intervention to prevent MDD compared with usual care and to develop a prediction model for incident depression in patients with DM2 and/or CHD with subthreshold depression.MethodsData of 236 Dutch primary care patients with DM2/CHD with subthreshold depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) score ≥6, no current MDD according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria)) who participated in the Step-Dep trial were used. A PHQ-9 score of ≥10 at minimally one measurement during follow-up (at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months) was used to determine the cumulative incidence of MDD. Potential demographic and psychological predictors were measured at baseline via web-based self-reported questionnaires and evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression model. Model performance was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, Nagelkerke’s R2explained variance and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Bootstrapping techniques were used to internally validate our model.Results192 patients (81%) were available at 2-year follow-up. The cumulative incidence of MDD was 97/192 (51%). There was no statistically significant overall treatment effect over 24 months of the intervention (OR 1.37; 95% CI 0.52 to 3.55). Baseline levels of anxiety, depression, the presence of >3 chronic diseases and stressful life events predicted the incidence of MDD (AUC 0.80, IQR 0.79–0.80; Nagelkerke’s R20.34, IQR 0.33–0.36).ConclusionA model with 4 factors predicted depression incidence during 2-year follow-up in patients with DM2/CHD accurately, based on the AUC. The Step-Dep intervention did not influence the incidence of MDD. Future depression prevention programmes should target patients with these 4 predictors present, and aim to reduce both anxiety and depressive symptoms.Trial registration numberNTR3715.
Remediating doctors’ performance to restore patient safety: a realist review protocol
Authors: Price Tristan , Brennan Nicola , Cleland Jennifer , Prescott-Clements Linda , Wanner Amanda , Withers Lyndsey , Wong Geoff , Archer Julian 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionUnderperformance by doctors poses a risk to patient safety. Remediation is an intervention designed to remedy underperformance and return a doctor to safe practice. Remediation is widely used across healthcare systems globally, and has clear implications for both patient safety and doctor retention. Yet, there is a poor evidence base to inform remediation programmes. In particular, there is a lack of understanding as to why and how a remedial intervention may work to change a doctor’s practice. The aim of this research is to identify why, how, in what contexts, for whom and to what extent remediation programmes for practising doctors work to support patient safety.Methods and analysisRealist review is an approach to evidence synthesis that seeks to develop programme theories about how an intervention works to produce its effects. The initial search strategy will involve: database and grey literature searching, citation searching and contacting authors. The evidence search will be extended as the review progresses and becomes more focused on the development of specific aspects of the programme theory. The development of the programme theory will involve input from a stakeholder group consisting of professional experts in the remediation process and patient representatives. Evidence synthesis will use a realist logic of analysis to interrogate data in order to develop and refine the initial programme theory into a more definitive realist programme theory of how remediation works. The study will follow and be reported according to Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses—Evolving Standards (RAMESES).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Our dissemination strategy will include input from our stakeholder group. Customised outputs will be developed using the knowledge-to-action cycle framework, and will be targeted to: policy-makers; education providers and regulators, the National Health Service, doctors and academics.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018088779.
Woman with recurrent vomiting
Authors: Liu Ying-Kuo , Kuo Chun-Lin , Hsu Chin-Wang 
Published: October 2018

Clinical introductionA 69-year-old woman presented to the ED with a chief complaint of recurrent vomiting for 3 weeks. She was afebrile, blood pressure was 100/67 mm Hg, HR was 114/min, RR was 19/min and oxygen saturation was 98%. On physical examination, she had mild epigastric tenderness without guarding. Blood tests were normal except for hyponatraemia of 128 mmol/L and hypokalaemia of 2.7 mmol/L. The ECG demonstrated sinus tachycardia with first-degree atrioventricular block. Chest radiograph posteroanterior view (CXR) was performed (figure 1).Figure 1Chest radiograph posteroanterior view. The patient presented to the ED with a complaint of recurrent vomiting for 3 weeks.QuestionDue to continuous vomiting of this patient, which of the following is the most appropriate management?Abdominal ultrasonography.Chest and abdominal CT.Barium swallow.Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).For answer see page 02For question see page 01
Evidence-based out-of-hours hospital medicine
Authors: McKenzie Gordon Arthur George 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOut-of-hours (OOH) hospital ward cover is generally provided by junior doctors and is typified by heavy workloads, reduced staff numbers and various non-urgent nurse-initiated requests. The present inefficiencies and management problems with the OOH service are reflected by the high number of quality improvement projects recently published. In this narrative review, five common situations peculiar to the OOH general ward setting are discussed with reference to potential areas of inefficiency and unnecessary management steps: (1) prescription of hypnotics and sedatives; (2) overnight fluid therapy; (3) fever; (4) overnight hypotension and (5) chasing outstanding routine diagnostic tests. It is evident that research and consensus guidelines for many clinical situations in the OOH setting are a neglected arena. Many recommendations made herein are based on expert opinion or first principles. In contrast, the management of significant abnormalities in outstanding blood results is based on well-established guidelines using high-quality systematic reviews.
Assessment of Statistically Significant Command-Following in Pediatric Patients with Disorders of Consciousness, Based on Visual, Auditory and Tactile Event-Related Potentials
Authors: Dovgialo Marian , Chabuda Anna , Duszyk Anna , Zieleniewska Magdalena , Pietrzak Marcin , Różański Piotr , Durka Piotr 
Published: October 2018

Disorders of consciousness (DOC) are among the major challenges of contemporary medicine, mostly due to the high rates of misdiagnoses in clinical assessment, based on behavioral scales. This turns our attention to potentially objective neuroimaging methods. Paradigms based on electroencephalography (EEG) are most suited for bedside applications, but sensitive to artifacts. These problems are especially pronounced in pediatric patients. We present the first study on the assessment of pediatric DOC patients by means of command-following procedures and involving long-latency cognitive event-related potentials. To deal with the above mentioned challenges, we construct a specialized signal processing scheme including artifact correction and rejection, parametrization, classification and final assessment of the statistical significance. To compensate for the possible bias of the tests involved in the final diagnosis, we propose the Monte Carlo evaluation of the processing pipeline. To compensate for possible sensory impairments of DOC patients, for each subject we check command-following responses to the stimuli in the major modalities: visual, tactile, and audio (words and sounds). We test the scheme on 20 healthy volunteers and present results for 15 patients from a hospital for children with severe brain damage, in relation to their behavioral diagnosis on the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R).