bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical Cancer Burden and Opportunities for Prevention in a Safety-Net Healthcare System
Authors: Pruitt Sandi L. , Werner Claudia L. , Borton Eric K. , Sanders Joanne M. , Balasubramanian Bijal A. , Barnes Arti , Betts Andrea C. , Skinner Celette Sugg , Tiro Jasmin A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background:
The high prevalence of cervical cancer at safety-net health systems requires careful analysis to best inform prevention and quality improvement efforts. We characterized cervical cancer burden and identified opportunities for prevention in a U.S. safety-net system.

Methods:
We reviewed tumor registry and electronic health record (EHR) data of women with invasive cervical cancer with ages 18+, diagnosed between 2010 and 2015, in a large, integrated urban safety-net. We developed an algorithm to: (i) classify whether women had been engaged in care (≥1 clinical encounter between 6 months and 5 years before cancer diagnosis); and (ii) identify missed opportunities (no screening, no follow-up, failure of a test to detect cancer, and treatment failure) and associated factors among engaged patients.

Results:
Of 419 women with cervical cancer, more than half (58%) were stage 2B or higher at diagnosis and 40% were uninsured. Most (69%) had no prior healthcare system contact; 47% were diagnosed elsewhere. Among 122 engaged in care prior to diagnosis, failure to screen was most common (63%), followed by lack of follow-up (21%), and failure of test to detect cancer (16%). Tumor stage, patient characteristics, and healthcare utilization differed across groups.

Conclusions:
Safety-net healthcare systems face a high cervical cancer burden, mainly from women with no prior contact with the system. To prevent or detect cancer early, community-based efforts should encourage uninsured women to use safety-nets for primary care and preventive services.

Impact:
Among engaged patients, strategies to increase screening and follow-up of abnormal screening tests could prevent over 80% of cervical cancer cases.
CARRAGEENAN INDUCES CELL DEATH IN RATS BLOOD
Authors: Kopanytsia O. M. , Marushchak M. I. , Krynytska I. Ya. 
Published: September 2018

Background. Because of its physical and chemical properties, carrageenan is fairly widely used. About 70 % of the carrageenan produced in the world is used in the food industry. Previous studies point to the development of oxidative stress in rats, by means of which carrageenan chronic enterocolitis was modeled.Objective. The aim of our study was to investigate the level of apoptosis and necrosis in the suspension of leukocytes in rats using 0.5 % and 1.0 % solutions of carrageenan.Methods. Annexin V (V) binding assays were performed using Annexin V Apoptosis Kit (Sigma Aldrich, USA), caspase rate in leukocyte-lymphocyte blood fractions was determined by spectrofotometry.Results. It was established that in the experimental application of carrageenan, the percentage of leukocytes with signs of apoptosis in both experimental groups statistically significantly increased. It was detected by the increased activity of effector caspase-3 in 1 month after the experiment in 1.5 times in the 2nd group and in 2.8 times in the 3rd group vs control data that point to caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway in case of carrageenan usage in rats.Conclusions. Oral use of carrageenan in rats was accompanied by the increase in the number of leukocytes with signs of apoptosis. The animals that consumed 1.0 % solution of carrageenan had more obvious increase in the activity of caspase-3 in serum relative to a group of rats consuming 0.5 % of carrageenan, proving the increase in the severity of apoptotic processes in intestine with the increase of the dose of carrageenan.
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of cathepsin C in the marine crab Charybdis japonica (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae)
Authors: Chen Jian H. , Chen Hai G. , Gao Huan , Li Ying L. , Xu Xing H. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cathepsin C is a crucial lysosomal cysteine proteinase that takes part in protein degradation and proenzyme activation. In this study, cDNA of cathepsin C in Charybdis japonica (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) (designated as Cj-cath C) was cloned and characterized. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of Cj-cath C was 1356 bp and encoded a protein of 451 amino acids. Cj-cath C contained two catalytic residues, a Cathepsin C exclusion domain and a Peptidase_C1 domain. The Cj-cath C was widely expressed in all tissues, with highest expression in hepatopancreas and heart. The transcript levels of Cj-cath C in the hepatopancreas and haemolymph were up-regulated after stimulation by Vibrio anguillarum Bergeman, 1909 and reached a peak value at 6 h post-infection, followed by a gradual decrease. These observations indicate that Cj-cath C might be a constitutive and inducible acute-phase protein that is involved in the immune defense of C. japonica.
Effects of specific wavelength spectra on antioxidant stress and cell damage of the ornamental cleaner shrimp Lysmata amboinensis (De Man, 1888) (Decapoda, Caridea, Lysmatidae) exposed to changing saline environments
Authors: Choe Jong Ryeol , Choi Ji Yong , Song Jin Ah , Choi Cheol Young 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA variety of environmental factors have a major influence on the survival of aquatic organisms, particularly light and salinity, changes in which lead to a range of physiological changes. In the present study, we investigated the levels of stress caused by changes in salinity in the ornamental cleaner shrimp,Lysmata amboinensis, as well as the effect of specific light wavelengths following stress to changes in salinity. We measured the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the tissues (gill, hepatopancreas, and muscle) for three days after irradiating shrimp with specific wavelengths of light [red (630 nm), green (520 nm), and blue (455 nm)] at two intensities (0.5 and 1.0 W/m2) following exposure to different saline environments [25 practical salinity units (psu), 30 psu, 35 psu (normal seawater), and 40 psu]. DNA damage was measured using comet assays. Although all of the experimental groups exhibited negative results to changes in salinity, the green and red light groups exhibited positive effects when compared to the other wavelengths and fluorescent light. The effect of wavelength was not influenced by the intensity. In conclusion, the light of green and red wavelengths effectively reduces antioxidant stress and cell damage in cleaner shrimp.
Characterizing the Local and Intense Water Cycle during a Cold Air Outbreak in the Nordic Seas
Authors: Papritz Lukas , Sodemann Harald 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAir masses in marine cold air outbreaks (CAOs) at high latitudes undergo a remarkable diabatic transformation because of the uptake of heat and moisture from the ocean surface, and the formation of precipitation. In this study, the fundamental characteristics of the water cycle during an intense and persistent, yet archetypal basinwide CAO from Fram Strait into the Nordic seas are analyzed with the aid of the tracer-enabled mesoscale limited-area numerical weather prediction model COSMO. A water budget of the CAO water cycle is performed based on tagged water tracers that follow moisture picked up by the CAO at various stages of its evolution. The atmospheric dynamical factors and boundary conditions that shape this budget are thereby analyzed. The water tracer analysis reveals a highly local water cycle associated with the CAO. Rapid turnover of water vapor results in an average residence time of precipitating waters of about one day. Approximately one-third of the total moisture taken up by the CAO falls as precipitation by convective overturning in the marine CAO boundary layer. Furthermore, precipitation efficiency increases as the CAO air mass matures and is exposed to warmer waters in the Norwegian Sea. These properties of the CAO water cycle are in strong contrast to situations dominated by long-range moisture transport that occur in the dynamically active regions of extratropical cyclones. It is proposed that CAOs in the confined Nordic seas provide a natural laboratory for studying local characteristics of the water cycle and evaluating its representation in models.
Improving the Structure and Physical Properties of LDPE Foams using Silica Nanoparticles as an Additive
Authors: Saiz-Arroyo C. , Escudero J. , Rodríguez-Pérez M.A. , De Saja J.A. 
Published: September 2018

Low density polyethylene/silica nanocomposites have been produced by melt blending and foamed in a high pressure autoclave by gas (CO2) dissolution. Different amounts of nanosilica, (from 1 wt% to 9 wt%) were used in order to analyze the influence of silica content on thermal and mechanical properties of both foamed and un-foamed composites.It has been proved that the presence of silica nanoparticles modifies the structure and properties of both foamed and un-foamed materials. An increase in the crystallinity of the polymeric matrix as well as a decrease in cell size (for low contents of silica) have been observed. In addition it was found a significant increment of melt strength, thermal stability and mechanical properties for both solids and foams. From the obtained results, it has been concluded that silica particles play a multifunctional role in this system, and in addition to this, it has been demonstrated that the use of nanoparticles can produce synergetic effects, increasing foam mechanical properties in a greater extend than that of the solids.
A qualitative exploration of patient and healthcare professionals’ views and experiences of palliative rehabilitation during advanced lung cancer treatment
Authors: Payne Cathy , McIlfatrick Sonja , Larkin Philip , Dunwoody Lynn , Gracey Jackie 
Published: September 2018

Background: Limited evidence exists on the impact of palliative rehabilitation during systemic treatment of advanced cancer. Aim: To explore the experiences and perceptions of patients and healthcare professionals on the feasibility and acceptability of palliative rehabilitation during advanced lung cancer treatment. Design: Qualitative design using individual semi-structured interviews transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Setting/participants: Eight patients and six healthcare professionals were recruited from a regional cancer centre in the United Kingdom following completion of a 6-week individualised behaviour change study which combined physical activity and nutritional guidance. Results: Palliative rehabilitation and study participation were positively viewed by both participants and healthcare professionals. Five themes were identified from patient interviews within an overarching theme of living with and beyond an advanced cancer diagnosis: (1) challenges of living with incurable cancer, (2) personal and altruistic reasons for participating in rehabilitation, (3) applicability of palliative rehabilitation content, (4) barriers and facilitators to adherence and (5) positive impact on self and others. Three themes were identified from healthcare professionals, within an overarching theme of palliative rehabilitation: exploring the concept (1) pre-study-mixed perceptions of palliative rehabilitation, (2) perceived benefits for patients and families and (3) lessons for future research. Conclusion: Patients described personal benefits associated with setting their own goals for physical activity and dietary intake. Healthcare professionals who initially expressed a negative or indifferent stance towards palliative rehabilitation, displayed a mind-set change and were keen to explore further opportunities to expand the evidence base.
Does getting high hurt? Characterization of cases of LSD and psilocybin-containing mushroom exposures to national poison centers between 2000 and 2016
Authors: Leonard James B , Anderson Bruce , Klein-Schwartz Wendy 
Published: September 2018

Background: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are serotonergic hallucinogens that are used primarily for recreational abuse. Small studies evaluated the efficacy of LSD and psilocybin for several psychiatric conditions. There are limited safety or toxicity data for either of these substances, especially in large populations. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of single-substance exposures of LSD or psilocybin-containing mushrooms (PcMs) reported to United States poison centers from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2016. The study describes the most frequent toxicities, management sites, and medical outcomes. Results: A total of 5883 PcM and 3554 LSD exposures were included. Most patients were between 13 and 29 years of age (83.9% PcM, 88.9% LSD) and primarily male (77.9% PcM, 74.1% LSD). Most common clinical effects were hallucinations (45.8% PcM, 37.4% LSD), agitation (24.1% PcM, 42.4% LSD), and tachycardia (18.0% PcM, 38.6% LSD). Serious clinical effects were infrequent, but included hyperthermia, seizures, coma, increased serum creatinine, and cardiac arrest. Most patients were treated and released from the emergency department. More LSD patients were admitted to critical care and non-critical care units than PcM patients. Moderate effect was the most frequent outcome for both substances (61.0% PcM, 62.3% LSD). Conclusion: These data find that LSD and PcM use occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults, who experience mild to moderate adverse effects. Serious effects are infrequent but can occur. While most LSD and PcM users require only emergency department management, LSD use is more likely to require medical admission.
The effect of humour usage on customer’s service experiences
Authors: Chiew Tung Moi , Mathies Christine , Patterson Paul 
Published: September 2018

Cross-disciplinary research recognises humour as an effective communication tool for fostering engagement and positive interpersonal relationships, although inappropriate use can create negative outcomes. Drawing on positive psychology, this study aims to empirically examine the extent to which frontline employee’s (FLE’s) humour usage can influence customers’ service encounter evaluations. Findings from 252 retail service customers indicate that their sense of humour drives humour perceptions and facilitates positive encounter evaluations. In particular, FLEs’ other-directed humour, rather than self-directed humour, leads to more enjoyable interactions for customers. This effect is moderated by pre-encounter mood, in that customers react more positively to other-directed humour when they are in a bad mood. This study contributes empirical support for the importance of appropriate humour usage to the service encounter literature. From a managerial perspective, the outcomes highlight that service encounters benefit from other-directed humour. JEL Classification: M31
Appropriateness of Beta-Lactam Allergy Record Updates After an Allergy Service Consult
Authors: Shaw Bryan G. , Masic Inela , Gorgi Nancy , Kalfayan Niree , Gilbert Elise M. , Barr Viktorija O. , Ison Michael G. , McLaughlin Milena M. 
Published: September 2018

Background: Many patients with a self-reported penicillin allergy go on to tolerate beta-lactam antibiotics. Allergy specialists may be consulted to determine the nature and extent of the allergy. However, electronic allergy records must be appropriately updated such that recommendations are carried forward. Objective: To determine the percentage of patients who have their electronic allergy record updated after an allergy service consult (ASC). Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with at least 1 documented beta-lactam allergy and had an ASC during (inpatient) or prior to (outpatient) hospital admission at Northwestern Memorial Hospital and Prentice Women’s Hospital in Chicago, Illinois. Results: Within the study period, a total of 26 526 patients were identified as having a documented antibiotic allergy, with 21 657 patients (81.6% of patients with allergies) having a listed beta-lactam allergy. Of these patients, 1689 (7.8%) patients were identified as having an ASC during or prior to admission, with 598 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Changes in the allergy record were recommended by the ASC for 62% (n = 371) of patients; however, the allergy record was updated after the ASC in 74.9% (n = 278) of patients. Conclusion: ASC recommendations to delabel a patient as beta-lactam allergic must result in updating the allergy record in order to optimize future treatment. Given the low proportion of allergy-labeled patients tested, programs outside formal ASCs should be considered.
Diagnosis of feline pancreatitis with SNAP fPL and Spec fPL
Authors: Schnauß Fanny , Hanisch Franziska , Burgener Iwan Anton 
Published: September 2018

Objectives Pancreatitis is a frequent disease in cats for which the ante-mortem diagnosis remains challenging. Feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) has been reported to have a high sensitivity for the diagnosis of pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to compare the rapid in-house test SNAP fPL with the standard test Spec fPL and to evaluate the use of SNAP fPL to diagnose pancreatitis in an emergency setting. Methods fPLI of 111 cats with a clinical suspicion of pancreatitis was measured with both SNAP fPL and Spec fPL. Furthermore, clinical signs, haematological and biochemical changes, and abdominal ultrasound findings were recorded. Results Seventy-eight of 111 cats (70.3%) were tested below the cut-off level for pancreatitis with SNAP, as well as Spec fPL, whereas 21/111 (18.9%) were tested with values above the cut-off level with both tests. In 12/111 (10.8%) cats the results were discordant. The comparison of both tests revealed an agreement of 78/80 (97.5%) when Spec fPL was ⩽3.5 μg/l (negative) and 18/20 (90%) when Spec fPL was ⩾5.4 μg/l (positive). The most common clinical signs in cats with suspected pancreatitis (n = 21) were lethargy (95.2%), reduced appetite and vomiting (90.5% each), dehydration (81.0%), diarrhoea (57.1%), abdominal pain and weight loss (47.6% each). Hyperglycaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia (85.7% each), increased aspartate transaminase (76.2%) and alanine transaminase (47.6%), leucocytosis (61.9%), lymphopenia (57.1%), decreased sodium and chloride (57.1% each), and increased urea (52.4%) were the most common abnormalities in blood work. Conclusions and relevance Clinical signs, as well as routine blood-work changes, were non-specific and thus proved to be insufficient to diagnose pancreatitis. The combination of SNAP fPL and subsequent Spec fPL, if indicated, provided the opportunity to rule out or to diagnose pancreatitis with a higher certainty than previously known test methods. This study proved SNAP fPL to be a valuable tool to exclude or include pancreatitis in an emergency setting.
Are paediatric stabbings in London related to socioeconomic status?
Authors: Lam Christine , Aylwin Christopher , Khan Mansoor 
Published: September 2018

Introduction Paediatric stabbings are on the increase across the United Kingdom, especially in large urban centres. Many London trauma centres are reporting a significant annual rise in the cases of penetrating trauma. Studies have shown victims with a lower socioeconomic status have an increased risk of paediatric penetrating trauma. This study aims to determine whether high depravity of an area increases the risk of paediatric stabbings in West London. We hypothesise that more deprived areas are likely to have a higher incidence of paediatric stabbings. Methods A retrospective review of data from the emergency department at a major trauma centre in West London was conducted using patient <18 years with a stabbing injury between March 2015 and July 2017. Gender, age, incident postcode and home postcode were collected. Socioeconomic status was measured using the 2015 English index of multiple deprivation. Incident postcode and home postcode were matched to an index of multiple deprivation decile, with 1 being the most deprived. Data were analysed using SPSS© Statistics 24. Results One hundred seventy-four cases were included; 97.7% of the cases were male and the mean age was 16 years. The location of the stabbings had a median index of multiple deprivation score of 3 (interquartile range = 3) with 61% of the cases occurring in areas with an index of multiple deprivation decile of 3 or less. Index of multiple deprivation decile from incident location and frequency of stabbing were strongly negatively associated (r = −0.85, p = 0.002). The victim’s home location had a median index of multiple deprivation score of 3 (interquartile range = 3) and 59.3% of victims living in areas with an index of multiple deprivation decile of less than 3. Again, they were strongly negatively associated (r = −0.85, p = 0.002). Conclusion The location of paediatric stabbings is associated with areas of high depravity and with victims from a more deprived background. To prevent paediatric stabbings, a multifactorial approach is required to increase the socioeconomic status of these areas.
Epidemiology of Upper Extremity Soccer Injuries Among High School– and College-Aged Players in the United States: An Analysis of the 1999-2016 NEISS Database
Authors: Durand Wesley M. , Goodman Avi D. , Giglio Patricia , Etzel Christine , Owens Brett D. 
Published: September 2018

Background: Although lower extremity injuries are more common than upper extremity injuries in high school– and college-aged soccer players, upper extremity injuries may be equally severe. The epidemiology of upper extremity injuries is poorly characterized in this population. Hypothesis: Upper extremity injuries are an important contributor to soccer-related morbidity among high school– and college-aged players. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) is a nationally representative sample of 100 hospital emergency departments (EDs). Each record contains demographic and injury information. Records from 1999 to 2016 were analyzed, including patients between the ages of 14 and 23 years with a soccer-related injury sustained at school or during an athletic event. Results: A total of 1,299,008 high school– or college-aged patients presented to the ED for a soccer-related injury from 1999 to 2016, of which 20.4% were in the upper extremity. Patients were predominantly male (58.0%) and high school–aged (81.4%). Males constituted a greater proportion of upper extremity injuries when compared with other injury locations (63.5% male for upper extremity). Upper extremity injuries were more likely to be fractures (43.7% vs 13.9%) and dislocations (7.1% vs 3.4%) and less likely to be strains/sprains (27.8% vs 56.6%). Males suffered more shoulder dislocations (81.8% males among patients with shoulder dislocation vs 57.8% among those with other injuries), finger dislocations (72.0% vs 58.0%), upper arm fractures (74.9% vs 57.6%), and forearm fractures (68.3% vs 57.3%). Conclusion: Upper extremity injuries are frequent in high school– and college-aged soccer players presenting to the ED. Efforts to reduce soccer-related injuries should include strategies targeting the upper extremity, perhaps reducing the incidence of high-energy falls. Clinical Relevance: Efforts to reduce soccer-related injuries should include strategies targeting upper extremity injuries, particularly among males and college-aged players.