bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of corneal nerve fiber measures with cognitive function in dementia
Authors: Ponirakis Georgios , Al Hamad Hanadi , Sankaranarayanan Anoop , Khan Adnan , Chandran Mani , Ramadan Marwan , Tosino Rhia , Gawhale Priya Vitthal , Alobaidi Maryam , AlSulaiti Essa , Elsotouhy Ahmed , Elorrabi Marwa , Khan Shafi , Nadukkandiyil Navas , Osman Susan , Thodi Noushad , Almuhannadi Hamad , Gad Hoda , Mahfoud Ziyad R. , Al‐Shibani Fatima , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Own Ahmed , Al Kuwari Maryam , Shuaib Ashfaq , Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesCorneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a noninvasive ophthalmic technique that identifies corneal nerve degeneration in a range of peripheral neuropathies and in patients with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We sought to determine whether there is any association of corneal nerve fiber measures with cognitive function and functional independence in patients with MCI and dementia.MethodsIn this study, 76 nondiabetic participants with MCI (n = 30), dementia (n = 26), and healthy age‐matched controls (n = 20) underwent assessment of cognitive and physical function and CCM.ResultsThere was a progressive reduction in corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), branch density (CNBD), and fiber length (CNFL) (P < 0.0001) in patients with MCI and dementia compared to healthy controls. Adjusted for confounders, all three corneal nerve fiber measures were significantly associated with cognitive function (P < 0.05) and functional independence (P < 0.01) in MCI and dementia. The area under the ROC curve to distinguish MCI with CNFD, CNBD, and CNFL was 69.1%, 73.2%, and 73.0% and for dementia it was 84.8%, 84.2%, and 86.2%, respectively.InterpretationCCM demonstrates corneal nerve fiber loss, which is associated with a decline in cognitive function and functional independence in patients with MCI and dementia.
Comparison of Manikin Versus Porcine Trachea Models When Teaching Emergent Cricothyroidotomy Among Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Gustafson Mark L. , Hensley Brian , Dotson Marc , Broce Mike , Tager Alfred 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesEmergent cricothyroidotomy (EC) is a rarely used yet lifesaving procedure that is important for an emergency physician to master throughout his or her training. We evaluated the difference in utilization of a manikin or porcine model among emergency medicine (EM) residents when teaching EC. We also evaluated the difference in the models using two different commonly utilized and taught techniques: “scalpel‐finger‐bougie” (SFB) technique and the Melker technique (MT).MethodsThis was a prospective crossover design. Instructions about the procedure were provided; study participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups and performed cricothyrotomy on both manikin and porcine simulators using both the Melker and the SFB techniques. Each group was started with the technique on the second simulator opposite what they started with on the first simulator. After the procedures, study participants completed a questionnaire that used the same format for both groups. All survey questions required a 7‐point Likert scale response. Confidence, difficulty, reality of the anatomy, and landmarks were compared.ResultsFifteen EM residents participated in the study. Compared to the porcine‐first group, the manikin‐first group rated the anatomy more realistic (question 5) after their first attempt (6.29 vs. 5.87) than their second attempt (using the porcine model; 4.29 vs. 5.62; main effect for attempts [first vs. second] p = 0.027; interaction p = 0.074). Interestingly, the porcine model–first group rated the landmarks (question 6) significantly easier to find in both attempts (6.87 vs. 5.86 on the first attempt and 6.50 vs. 5.57 on the second attempt; p = 0.012). Twelve participants (80%) chose SFB as their preferred technique to use in real‐life scenario.ConclusionThe Manikin model tends to be more realistic in cricothyrotomy simulation than the porcine model. The influence of fresh pig skin overlying the porcine model may require further research. Landmark identification during the procedure was easier on both models when participants start with the porcine model. Participants prefer the SFB over MT if faced with a real‐life scenario.
Von Sonnenlicht zu Brennstoffen: aktuelle Fortschritte der C1‐Solarchemie
Authors: Chen Guangbo , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Shi Run , Zhao Jiaqing , Li Zhenhua , Wu Li‐Zhu , Tung Chen‐Ho , Zhang Tierui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDie katalytische C1‐Chemie auf der Grundlage der Aktivierung/Umwandlung von Synthesegas (CO+H2), Methan, Kohlendioxid und Methanol verfügt über enormes Potential für die Entwicklung nachhaltiger Kohlenwasserstoffbrennstoffe als Ersatz für Öl, Kohle und Erdgas. Herkömmliche thermisch‐katalytische Verfahren zur C1‐Umsetzung benötigen hohe Temperaturen und Drücke und sind daher mit einem großen CO2‐Fußabdruck verbunden. Dagegen bietet die solargetriebene C1‐Katalyse einen umweltfreundlichen und nachhaltigen Weg für die Herstellung von Brennstoffen und anderen chemischen Grundstoffen, wenn auch die Umwandlungseffizienzen noch zu niedrig für industrielle Wirtschaftlichkeit sind. In unserem Aufsatz beleuchten wir aktuelle Fortschritte und Meilensteine der C1‐Solarchemie, einschließlich der solaren Fischer‐Tropsch‐Synthese, Wassergas‐Shift‐Reaktion, CO2‐Hydrierung, Methan‐ und Methanolumwandlung. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der rationalen Entwicklung von Katalysatoren, Struktur‐Reaktivitäts‐Beziehungen und Reaktionsmechanismen. Strategien für die Hochskalierung solargetriebener C1‐Verfahren werden ebenfalls diskutiert.
Paraganglioma of the tongue with SDHB gene mutation in a patient with Graves’ disease
Authors: Duran Alvarez Marcela Adriana , Tavarez Rodriguez Juan Jose , Robledo Mercedes 
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical MessageWe report a case of an apparently sporadic paraganglioma of the tongue with a germ‐line mutation in a female patient with asymptomatic Graves’ disease. The tongue is an unusual primary location. Genetic testing is mandatory in all cases. Thyroid gland dysfunction and autoimmune phenomena could be associated with some paragangliomas.
Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a patient with sarcoidosis
Authors: Tanaka Yuko , Shirai Toshihiro , Asada Kazuhiro , Muramatsu Aya , Katsumata Mineo , Suda Takafumi 
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical MessageSteroids used to treat sarcoidosis may induce aPAP. The cooccurrence of sarcoidosis and autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) is rare. In this case, aPAP merged into sarcoidosis regardless of the disease state of sarcoidosis and improved naturally. When using steroids during sarcoidosis exacerbation, attention should be paid to aPAP relapse.
Fathering across contexts: The moderating role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in predicting toddler emotion regulation
Authors: Richardson Patricia A. , Bocknek Erika L. , McGoron Lucy , Trentacosta Christopher J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCaregivers play an integral role in promoting children's emotion regulation, while children's individual physiology affects how they respond to the caregiving environment. Relatively little is known about how fathering influences toddler emotion regulation, particularly within African American and low‐income communities, where risk related to the development of emotion regulation is higher. This study investigated relations among fathering, toddler parasympathetic regulation, and toddler emotion regulation in a sample of 92 families. Fathering was assessed during two interactions: engagement following a stressor during a triadic task and a dyadic play task. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (resting and reactivity) was obtained as an index of toddler parasympathetic arousal. Findings demonstrated an association between fathers’ engagement poststressor and toddler emotion regulation. Toddler RSA moderated this association: toddlers with elevated levels of resting RSA benefitted from parenting engagement following a stressor. Fathering during play did not relate to toddler emotion regulation. The importance of fathering and physiologic contexts in early regulatory development is discussed.
A hierarchical Bayesian approach for handling missing classification data
Authors: Ketz Alison C. , Johnson Therese L. , Hooten Mevin B. , Hobbs N. Thompson 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEcologists use classifications of individuals in categories to understand composition of populations and communities. These categories might be defined by demographics, functional traits, or species. Assignment of categories is often imperfect, but frequently treated as observations without error. When individuals are observed but not classified, these “partial” observations must be modified to include the missing data mechanism to avoid spurious inference.We developed two hierarchical Bayesian models to overcome the assumption of perfect assignment to mutually exclusive categories in the multinomial distribution of categorical counts, when classifications are missing. These models incorporate auxiliary information to adjust the posterior distributions of the proportions of membership in categories. In one model, we use an empirical Bayes approach, where a subset of data from one year serves as a prior for the missing data the next. In the other approach, we use a small random sample of data within a year to inform the distribution of the missing data.We performed a simulation to show the bias that occurs when partial observations were ignored and demonstrated the altered inference for the estimation of demographic ratios. We applied our models to demographic classifications of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) to demonstrate improved inference for the proportions of sex and stage classes.We developed multiple modeling approaches using a generalizable nested multinomial structure to account for partially observed data that were missing not at random for classification counts. Accounting for classification uncertainty is important to accurately understand the composition of populations and communities in ecological studies.
Prediabetes: An emerging public health concern in adolescents
Authors: Spurr Shelley , Bally Jill , Allan Diane , Bullin Carol , McNair Erick 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectivesTo identify the presence of risk factors for type 2 diabetes (ethnicity, body mass index, blood glucose tolerance and blood pressure) and to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in Canadian adolescents attending two multicultural urban high schools.MethodsA total of 266 multicultural urban high school students who live in a mid‐sized Western Canadian city, aged 14‐21, were screened for risk factors of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in March‐April 2018. Data with respect to demographics, family history of diabetes, anthropometrics, blood pressure and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were collected. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics in addition to chi‐square analyses.ResultsBased on body mass index, 38% of the adolescents were classified as either overweight or obese. Overweight rates for females (69.8%) were double than males (30.2%); however, males (52.2%) were more likely to obese than the females (47.8%). Based on HbA1c levels, 29.3% were at high risk to develop either diabetes or prediabetes and 2.6% were classified in the prediabetes range. Prehypertension/hypertension rates of 47% in the sample increased to 51% in those adolescents with elevated HbA1c; the majority of these prehypertensive/hypertensive participants were male.ConclusionHigh rates of overweight/obesity and prehypertension/hypertension were found in the adolescents studied and indicated the presence of prediabetes and an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes and associated complications. Obesity and hypertension are major risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes, resulting in earlier exposure to metabolic consequences and, ultimately, long‐term complications. Thus, timely research is needed to identify age‐appropriate strategies that address risks and to develop recommendations for routine screening of adolescents for prediabetes.
Properties of bone from Catfish heads and frames
Authors: Bechtel Peter J. , Watson Michael A. , Lea Jeanne M. , Bett‐Garber Karen L. , Bland John M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe objective of this paper was to evaluate methods of producing purified Catfish bone fractions from Catfish frames and heads and determine the composition of the purified bone fraction. Fresh samples of Catfish frames and heads were obtained from a large commercial Catfish processor. Triplicate samples were processed for all treatments. Two methods were developed to remove nonbone tissue from the frames: (a) use of a proteolytic enzyme to digest the nonbone tissues and (b) after boiling the frames, removal of the nonbone tissues with high‐pressure water. The ash, protein, and lipid contents of unprocessed dried frames were 17%, 33%, and 41%, respectively. After the enzymatic or high‐pressure water treatment processes, the frame bone compositions for the two processes were 62% and 54% ash, 35% and 33% protein, and 9% and 2% lipid, respectively. Bone from both processing treatments had a calcium content of 21%–25%, phosphorus content of 10%–11%, and contents of magnesium, manganese, zinc, and nickel were increased. Hydroxyproline content increased from 4% of the amino acids in the untreated bone to 7%–8% for the processed treatments. Tissues were removed from Catfish heads by digestion with a proteolytic enzyme and collection of the bone with a sieve. After the longest digestion period, dried head bone was 51% ash, 38% protein, and 7% lipid. The amino acid profiles showed high levels of hydroxyproline and lower levels of many essential amino acids. With increased enzymatic hydrolysis time, percent calcium and phosphorus increased. Results from this study will be used in the development of new value‐added food and feed ingredients from Catfish bone.
A historical Southern Ocean climate dataset from whaling ships’ logbooks
Authors: Teleti Praveen R. , Rees W. G. , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Wilkinson Clive 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHistorical ship logbooks provide vital historic meteorological observations in the Southern Ocean, one of the largest climate‐data deficient regions on the Earth. Christian Salvesen Whaling Company logbooks from whaling ships operating in the Southern Ocean, starting from the 1930s through the 1950s, are examined. Meteorological information contained in these logbooks has been extracted to produce a historical climate dataset. We discuss various instructions recommended by the British Admiralty to observe and record weather conditions on‐board whaling ships. Statistical tests were used to flag erroneous values and corrections were made using neighbouring values. Meteorological parameters such as air pressure, air and sea temperature and wind force on the Beaufort scale were standardized, converting imperial to metric units. The data were structured according to the internationally accepted International Maritime Meteorological Archive format, which includes the most commonly reported meteorological variables, including the time, location and ship‐related meta‐data. Hence, a readily accessible, error‐corrected and standardized historical climate dataset of the Weddell Sea sector of the Southern Ocean is presented.Open Practices

This article has earned an Open Data badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.31530. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Mono‐diffusive Hadley‐Prats flow in a horizontal porous layer subject to variable gravity and internal heat generation
Authors: Matta Anjanna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAnalysis of internal heated and gravity effect on the onset of Hadley‐Prats flow in a horizontal porous layer with inclined temperature gradients is investigated using the linear and nonlinear instability analysis. The transformed eigenvalue problem is evaluated numerically to find the eigenvalue, which is treated as a vertical thermal Rayleigh number (Rz). It is evaluated by applying shooting and Runge‐Kutta method. Also, the critical Rz is investigated for different parameters governing the flow. A theoretical study is made to understand the influence of gravity field on the mechanism of mono‐diffusive instability of Hadley‐Prats convection in a fluid saturated horizontal porous layer. Nonlinear stability is evaluated by using energy functional. The comparison between linear and nonlinear instability results are presented and it is noted that linear theory of instability may not be useful to capture the complete picture of stability and instabilities may arise before one attains the linear stability threshold. This subcritical instability region is identified between the linear and energy thresholds in the parameter space of the problem considered.
Testicular teratoma demanded in‐depth pathological exploration to rule out malignancy: A pediatric case report
Authors: Moritoki Yoshinobu , Mizuno Kentaro , Kato Taiki , Hamamoto Shuzo , Hattori Hideo , Ito Yasuhiko , Saitoh Shinji , Yasui Takahiro , Hayashi Yutaro 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionPrepubertal testicular tumors can be both benign and malignant. Although most testicular teratomas are benign, some immature cases include malignant transformation or the mixed type with yolk sac tumor and, occasionally, it is challenging to rule out malignancy.Case presentationWe present a case of immature testicular teratoma in a 7‐month‐old infant, whose alpha‐fetoprotein level was sequentially elevated following orchidectomy. Since malignancy could not be ruled out, we performed whole body imaging and in‐depth pathological exploration. GLYPICAN3, OCT3/4, and SOX2 staining revealed no evidence of malignancy. The patient was finally diagnosed with benign immature teratoma, and has been free from recurrence for 3 years.ConclusionHere, we describe the case report, as well as all the comprehensive diagnostic tests that we performed in order to rule out the malignant component.
DMP1 Ablation in the Rabbit Results in Mineralization Defects and Abnormalities in Haversian Canal/Osteon Microarchitecture
Authors: Liu Tingjun , Wang Jun , Xie Xudong , Wang Ke , Sui Tingting , Liu Di , Lai Liangxue , Zhao Hu , Li Zhanjun , Feng Jian Q 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

DMP1 (dentin matrix protein 1) is an extracellular matrix protein highly expressed in bones. Studies of Dmp1 knockout (KO) mice led to the discovery of a rare autosomal recessive form of hypophosphatemic rickets (ARHR) caused by DMP1 mutations. However, there are limitations for using this mouse model to study ARHR, including a lack of Haversian canals and osteons (that occurs only in large mammalian bones), high levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and PTH, in comparison with a moderate elevation of FGF23 and unchanged PTH in human ARHR patients. To better understand this rare disease, we deleted the DMP1 gene in rabbit using CRISPR/Cas9. This rabbit model recapitulated many features of human ARHR, such as the rachitic rosary (expansion of the anterior rib ends at the costochondral junctions), moderately increased FGF23, and normal PTH levels, as well as severe defects in bone mineralization. Unexpectedly, all DMP1 KO rabbits died by postnatal week 8. They developed a severe bone microarchitecture defect: a major increase in the central canal areas of osteons, concurrent with massive accumulation of osteoid throughout all bone matrix (a defect in mineralization), suggesting a new paradigm, where rickets is caused by a combination of a defect in bone microarchitecture and a failure in mineralization. Furthermore, a study of DMP1 KO bones found accelerated chondrogenesis, whereas ARHR has commonly been thought to be involved in reduced chondrogenesis. Our findings with newly developed DMP1 KO rabbits suggest a revised understanding of the mechanism underlying ARHR. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The association between leisure time physical activity and happiness: Testing the indirect role of health perception
Authors: Ross Allison , Cloutier Scott , Searle Mark 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsResearch supports the influence of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) on well‐being; however, little is known about the mechanisms that drive the relationship. The aim of this study was to investigate the indirect influence of health perception on the association between neighborhood LTPA and happiness.MethodsTelephone interviews were conducted using random digit dialing among a sample of adult residents aged 18+ (n = 570) to gather information about neighborhood LTPA behaviors, perceptions of health and happiness, and sociodemographics.ResultsResults of a structural equation modeling analysis indicated that health had a small significant indirect influence on the relationship between LTPA and happiness.ConclusionFocusing on perceptions offers a holistic conceptualization of how behavior impacts happiness and may offer important insights into how the experience of engaging in LTPA contributes to the subjective evaluation of personal happiness through perceived health.
c‐Jun expression after cerebral hyperstimulation differs between rats and marmosets
Authors: Barros Vanessa Novaes , Barros Elisa Maria Novaes , da Silva Clivandir , Lacerda Shirley , Mello Luiz E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImmediate early genes (IEGs) are a fundamental element in the way we respond and adapt to a variety of stimuli. We have recently reported that IEG response, as measured by c‐Fos expression, is different between rodents and primates. Here, we further extend this analysis by assessing the expression of c‐Jun, one of the main complements of c‐Fos, under the same stimulation protocol. For this, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of c‐Jun (and compared with that previously shown for c‐Fos) after stimulation with pentylenetetrazol in the cingulate gyrus, motor cortex, piriform cortex, inferior temporal cortex, and visual cortex of rats and marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), both male and female. Overall the immunohistochemical expression of c‐Jun was more intense but remained elevated for a shorter duration in marmosets as compared to rats. These results are in contrast to what we had previously shown for c‐Fos. Furthermore, in terms of the temporal profile, c‐Fos and c‐Jun expression occurred in a complementary manner in rats—the peak of c‐Fos expression coincided with low levels of c‐jun expression—and in a superimposed manner in marmosets—the peak of c‐Fos expression coincided with the peak of c‐Jun expression. Since Fos proteins may form dimers with Jun proteins and together control late gene expressions in the cell nucleus, this different expression profile between primates and rodents may bear meaningful impact for how the nervous system reacts and adapts to stimulation.
Nonresectional regional therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver
Authors: Schlick Cary Jo R. , Merkow Ryan P. , Bentrem David J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe liver is the second leading site of colorectal cancer metastases, following the lymph nodes. Although metastatic resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases has been shown to improve survival, many patients cannot undergo surgery. Several nonsurgical therapies are available in these situations, however high‐quality evidence comparing the effectiveness of these therapies is sparse. Here, we review the currently available evidence in support of nonresectional regional therapies for colorectal metastases to the liver.