bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shisha Smokers’ Desire To Quit Shisha Smoking Habit: Findings From A Nigerian Pilot Survey
Authors: Mohammed Faruk Abdullahi , Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Fagbule Omotayo Francis , Adesina Miracle Ayomikun , Njideka Nwafor Jacob , Sadiq Hamza Abubakar 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the reasons why shisha smokers indulge in shisha smoking habit, and to also explore their attitudes towards quitting shisha smoking habit

Methods
A total of 45 current shisha smokers participated in the study. The study tool was a paper questionnaire. Snowballing technique was the sampling method adopted in the recruitment of study participants. Data obtained was analyzed using the SPSS version 20 software

Results
The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 25.8 (±5.5) years and majority (71.1%) of them were males. The top two reasons why the participants smoke shisha were: “for pleasure” (40%); and “to feel among” (33.3%). The majority (66.7%) of the participants wanted to quit shisha smoking habits. However, only 54.5% (18/33) of them indicated that they made efforts at quitting the behavior within the past one year. Also, only 66.7% (28/42) and 65.6% (21/32) of those participants who had a close friend and a close family member/relative that smoke shisha, respectively, wanted to quit shisha smoking habit

Conclusion
This study shows diverse reasons why shisha smokers engage in shisha smoking habit. Also, many of these smokers were willing to quit shisha smoking habits but, unfortunately, they are yet to quit the habit. This demonstrates the need for social support of shisha smokers in our environment towards quitting shisha smoking habit
Institutionalization of the UN Police Peacekeeping
Authors: Tishkov S. A. , Labin D. K. 
Published: March 2019

Article studies the strategic frame, organizational and operational aspects of UN peacekeeping missions police components activities to ensure sustaining peace.It is noted that at present the UN Police actively participates in UN peace operations acting as an integrated solution of issues of peace and security. Consideration is also given to the growing importance of the UN Police to international peace and security and the increased attention given to policing by the Security Council and the Secretary General.The UN police now engage in United Nations peace operations across the entire peace and security spectrum, from conflict prevention to peacekeeping and peacebuilding. Serving in the frame of UN interim administrations the UN Police acquired a unique experience of law enforcement and international cooperation on combating crime.It underscores the most recent global developments, including advances made in the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, to ensure coherence of effort and refine strategic police generation platforms.From the viewpoint of the structural and functional approach, the UN Police as a peacekeeping actor has not only specific functions and tasks, but also the potential, organizational structure, trained personnel needed to perform a wide range of tasks both at the stage of conflict prevention and post-conflict peacebuilding.The legal and organizational issues of UN Police involvement in peacekeeping activities are almost resolved. At present the UN Police component as an institutional subsystem represents an organizational structure that unites international policemen from various member states, which acts as a collective actor in UN peacekeeping.
Chaos Synergy, Geopolitics And Culture Explain History Of International Relations. A Critique of William Wohlforth
Authors: Martynov B. F. 
Published: March 2019

The article is a critique of William Wohlforth’s piece on usefulness of IR theory in explaining the history of international relations published in this issue of MGIMO Review of International Relations. It offers an alternative answer to the key question raised by Wohlforth – why humans continue to resort to such a self-destructive method of conflict resolution as war. The author argues that the current aggravation of relations between Russia and the West helps find a new way of answering this eternal question. With the help of historical examples and logical reasoning the author shows that international relations are governed not so much by structural anarchy, as Wohlforth argues, as by «natural spontaneous systemic force», which does not depend on the will of people and manifests itself in events that seem random and irrational. This force can be rationally known by studying how classical geopolitics, cultural (especially legal culture) and civilizational factors influence international relations. These aspects, according to the author, explain both the Cold War and its on-going «second edition». Taking into account civilizational, cultural, historical, linguistic and legal characteristics of actors becomes the key to an adequate understanding of international politics. It should also be noted that cultural and civilizational features affect not only the practice of international relations, but also the IR. According to the author, the theory of political realism in Russia has been reinterpreted in light of the maxim: «God is not in power, but in truth». Thus, an important category of Russian realism turns out to be «justice».The alternative answer to the question about the recurrent practice of wars in international relations can be formulated as follows: the states are sometimes forced to fight each other due to their geopolitical contradictions complicated by cultural and civilizational differences.
Relations within «Triangle» USA – USSR – China at the End of Détente (1977–1980)
Authors: Vorobyova T. A. , Yungblud V. T. 
Published: March 2019

The period of détente is usually associated with a decrease of confrontation in US-Soviet relations, the signing of agreements on the limitation of strategic weapons and anti-missile defense systems and the development of trade and economic relations, scientific and cultural exchanges. Strengthening security in Europe is considered another facet of détente. From this perspective détente is viewed as an alternative to the Cold War, and the end of détente is seen as a missed opportunity to develop international relations in the direction of a secure world with working mechanisms for harmonizing the interests of both the great powers and other countries.The article deals with the history of relations in the triangle USA – USSR – China in 1977– 1980. The evolution of Washington’s foreign policy strategy and the inclusion to it policies towards the USSR and China in these years came at the background of pronounced Soviet– Chinese antagonism. In the first months there was no clear plan in the actions of the Carter administration, there was a sharp rivalry for influence on the president between individual political figures (first of all – S. Vance and Zb. Brzezinski). They proposed different scenarios of the development of the US–Soviet and US – China relations. Throughout the Carter presidency, the US used as much as possible the tensions between Moscow and Beijing. In the framework of tripartite relations, each of the sides consistently pursued its own course aimed at achieving unilateral benefits. There were no attempts to establish a trilateral dialogue with an agreed agenda. The processes of détente practically did not affect the complex of international problems that existed within the American – Soviet – Chinese triangle. Moreover, Washington’s use of the «Chinese card» prevented the reduction of tensions in American–Soviet relations and strengthened the Cold War logic and methods in the planning and implementation of US foreign policy.
Anarchy Is What Explains the History of International Relations
Authors: Wohlforth William C. 
Published: March 2019

The article examines the major events of the two previous centuries of international relations through main concepts of political realism. The author argues that in order to understand the present dilemmas and challenges of international politics, we need to know the past. Every current major global problem has historical antecedents. History from the late 19th century constitutes the empirical foundation of much theoretical scholarship on international politics. The breakdown of the Concert of Europe and the outbreak of the devastating global conflagration of World War I are the events that sparked the modern study of international relations. The great war of 1914 to 1918 underlined the tragic wastefulness of the institution of war. It caused scholars to confront one of the most enduring puzzles of the study of international relations, why humans continue to resort to this self-destructive method of conflict resolution? The article shows that the main explanation is the anarchical system of international relations. It produces security dilemma, incentives to free ride and uncertainty of intentions among great powers making war a rational tool to secure their national interests.
The U.S. and the UK in the United Nations: The Impact of the Special Relationship (2001 – 2017)
Authors: Mamedova A. O. 
Published: March 2019

Currently U.S.-UK cooperation in the UN does no attract as much attention as it deserves. Despite a conspicuous disparity in the countries’ military and economic might, they have maintained close ties for more than seventy years, which inevitably affects their position in the UN. The allies’ role in the 2003 invasion of Iraq cast suspicion on their activities in the organization. In the early 21st century, the UN itself was faced with a number of challenges, such as terrorism and regional conflicts; U.S. frustration with its effectiveness led to some reform efforts.Covering the years 2001 – 2017, the article consists of three parts. The first part focuses on quantitative and qualitative parameters determining the U.S.’s and the UK’s roles in the UN and compares their approaches to it. The second part discusses the activity of American and British permanent representatives to the UN, based on their memoirs and interviews. The third part analyses some examples of cooperation and competition in the UN. The list of examples is illustrative rather than comprehensive given the existence of the special relationship.The analysis of U.S.-UK cooperation in the UN reveals its ambiguous nature, but it does not serve to debunk the myth of the special relationship. The cooperation is largely pragmatic.
Ciberespaço e patrimônio cultural digital
Authors: Ramires Julio Cesar de Lima 
Published: March 2019

Esse artigo objetiva apontar algumas reflexões sobre as novas tecnologias na produção do ciberespaço e os processo de patrimonialização cultural digital. O patrimônio cultural digital é apontado como a interseção entre patrimônio e as tecnologias da informação e comunicação, com novas potencialidades nas ações de patrimonialização. A partir da literatura consultada, evidenciou-se as novas possibilidades para maior participação da sociedade nos processos de patrimonialização, até então centrados na figura do Estado e de suas agências estatais, incorporando os sujeitos sociais produtores de cultura de forma periférica nesses processos. As redes sociais são importantes, especialmente para a preservação dos patrimônios imateriais, e a interdisciplinariedade é uma condição fundamental para a apreensão das articulações entre ciberespaço e patrimonialização digital.
YABANCI PARA CİNSİNDEN BORCU OLANLARIN BAĞIMSIZ DIŞ DENETİM VE BİLDİRİM ZORUNLULUĞUNUN NEDENİ OLARAK KREDİ DOLARİZASYONUNUN TARİHİ BOYUTLARI
Authors: ALAGÖZ Ayşegül 
Published: March 2019

Kredi
dolarizasyonu olarak tanımlanabilecek ülkedeki yerleşiklerin sahip
oldukları yabancı para cinsinden
krediler, döviz kurunda bir oynama olduğunda ekonominin tümü için bir maliyet
oluşturacağı için dikkatle izlenmesi gereken bir değişkendir. Bu nedenle, yurt içinden ve yurt dışından sağlanan yabancı para nakdi
krediler ile dövize endeksli kredilerinin toplamı Merkez Bankası tarafından
izlenmektedir. Yabancı para cinsinden
borçlanmanın finansal kriz olasılığına katkı yapıp yapmadığının araştırılması
bu çalışmanın temel argümanı olmaktadır.
DENETÇİNİN MESLEKİ ŞÜPHECİLİĞİNİN DENETİM KALİTESİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ERDOĞAN Nurten , BULUT Nurcan 
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı denetçinin mesleki şüpheciliğinin denetim kalitesine etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, denetim süreci bir bütün olarak ele alınırken, bu süreçte mesleki şüpheciliğin denetimdeki önemi vurgulanmış, denetim kalitesinin sağlanması için gerekli ölçütler ve denetim kalite çerçevesi incelenmiştir.Çalışmada, Kamu Gözetim Kurumu’ndan bağımsız denetim yetkilendirmesi almış olan ve fiilen bağımsız denetim yapan denetçilerden elde edilen veriler denetçinin mesleki şüpheciliğinin denetim kalitesine etkisinin ortaya çıkarılması için, Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) tekniği ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmada veri toplama araçları olarak, denetçilerin mesleki şüpheciliklerini tespit etmek için şüphecilik ölçeği ve denetçilerin denetim kalitesine ilişkin görüşlerini tespit etmek için denetim kalitesi sormaca formu kullanılmış ve veriler analiz edilerek yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, araştırma hipotezleri kabul edilmiş ve denetçinin mesleki şüpheciliği ile denetim kalitesi arasında pozitif yönde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Buradan denetçinin uygun ölçüde mesleki şüphecilikle davranmasının denetim kalitesini arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Perbedaan Efektivitas Senam Otak terhadap Peningkatan Fungsi Kognitif antara Lansia Laki-Laki dan Perempuan
Authors: Andari Fatsiwi Nunik , Amin M , Fitriani Yeta 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in cognitive function between men and women of elderly after being given brain gym intervention in patients with cognitive impairment. This research used experiment method, using Quasi experiment design with pre and posttest design. Instrument used The Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). The elderly group of men and women were given a 30 minute brain gym intervention, performed 3 times a week for 2 weeks. The results showed that there was a difference of cognitive function between men and women of elderly after giving brain exercise intervention with P value = 0,025. It can be concluded that there was a difference in the effectiveness of brain gym on improving cognitive function between men and women of elderly. Brain gym is more effective for improving cognitive function in elderly men.
Keywords : Brain Gym, Cognitive Function, Elderly
Efektifitas Relaksasi Benson terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Pasien Pasca Sectio Caesarea
Authors: Wahyu Afnijar 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this research was to know the relation of Benson relaxation effect to the decrease of the comfortable feeling of patients’ pain after op section caesarea. This research used quantitative method with Quasi Experimental Design. The sampling technique used the formula of quasi experimental research with the design of one group Pre Test and Post Tests with 22 samples. Benson relaxation technique was performed after two days post op section of caesarea with a duration of 5-10 minutes. The analysis was carried out through Wilcoxon indicated p Value 0.000 p ≤ 0.05 which means that there was a benson relaxation effect on the decrease of the comfortable feeling of pain in post-op patient sectio caesarea in RSUD Raja Ahmad Thabib and is expected to make benson relaxation therapy as a reference of alternative medicine to decrease pain relief in post patient op section caesarea.
Keywords: Sectio Caesarea, Benson Relaxatio
Gambaran Motivasi Belajar pada Siswa Pengguna Smartphone di SMP Negeri 4 Garut
Authors: Widadi Sri Yekti , Pramudita Inge Ajeng 
Published: March 2019

The main purpose of the research is to find out the description of learning motivation of students of smartphone users in SMP Negeri 4 Garut. The research method was descriptive approach. The sample in this research was 89 students. The data collecting technique was done by using the questionnaire. The result of the research are 1) half of students (50,6%) rarely use smartphone and almost half of students (41,6%) have medium learning motivation in SMP Negeri 4 Garut. It is recommended for students to be monitored and directed not to use smartphones at school and during strict studens learning.
Keywords: Learning Motivation, Smartphone Usage
Home Visit Berbasis Sistem Informasi Manajemen Telenursing
Authors: Padila Padila , Lina Liza Fitri , Febriawati Henni , Agustina Bintang , Yanuarti Riska 
Published: March 2019

This study aims to analyze the description of Procurement of Nursing Management Information System at Home Visit Telenursing application at RS. M.Yunus Bengkulu. Design research that researchers use modify the theory of research (R) and development (D). The development of telenursing technology based on BAN (body area network) technology can provide realtime monitoring results and connect with WSN (wireless sensor network) transmission through integration with end user devices (laptop) which design and implementation can be used in rural and remote areas. The result of the study is the design of the program system that has the advantage of being able to be used to transmit medical data of the patient, the main complaint, the type of illness he feels (mild, moderate and severe), visualization of data in image, sound and text, even video, can be used as health detector digital-based patients via video mail, and family medical history with multimedia medical records techniques that are connected to the health center of M. Yusuf Bengkulu Hospital. Direct research was piloted to the nurse to gain a nurse's understanding of the use of telenursing. The conclusion of this research is the enthusiasm of nurses in accepting new challenge in providing telenursing service is very high, it can impact on ability to improve effective communication between nurse and patient.
Keywords: Home Visit Telenursing, Development, SIM
Perbedaan Efektivitas Teknik Relaksasi Nafas Dalam dan Kompres Hangat Dalam Penurunan Nyeri Dysmenorhea
Authors: Wianti Arni , Karimah Maulida Miftahul 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the effectiveness of breathing relaxation and warm compress techniques on the reduction of dysmenorrheal pain in Grade II and III nursing bachelor students of YPIB Health Science Institute Majalengka. This study used experimental method with non-equivalent control group approach. The subjects were Grade II and III nursing bachelor students of YPIB Health Science Institute Majalengka in April-May 2017. The number of samples was 20 respondents, divided into two treatment groups with duration 20 minutes each treatment. The sampling technique used accidental sampling. Data analysis techniques were univariate analysis with Mean test, and bivariate analysis with Mann-Whitney U test. The study results described that the group of deep breath obtained probability value ρ of 0.002 <(0.05), while the warm compress group obtained probability value ρ of 0,000 <(0.05). Bivariate analysis showed significant difference in dysmenorrheal pain intensity during breathing relaxation therapy and warm compress therapy. According to this study, female students are advised to use breathing relaxation technique and warm compress as the alternatives to the dysmenorrheal pain reduction.
Keywords: dysmenorrhea, breathing relaxation therapy, warm compress.
Pengaruh Do’a terhadap Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronis (GGK) Pre-Hemodialysis
Authors: Afriani Hilda Nur , Azzam Rohman , M.Nur Busrja 
Published: March 2019

Objective of this study was to determine the effect of prayer on pre-hemodialysis blood pressure of CRF patients in the hemodialysis room of the Jakarta Islamic Hospital. Data collection was done through purposive sampling. This study examined 32 respondents. The results of the study indicated there was a decrease in blood pressure in the intervention and control groups before and after giving prayers on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The results of the paired t-test before and after being given prayers in the intervention and control groups produced a sig value of <0.05 in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which means that there were differences before and after giving prayers. The unpaired t-test results in the intervention and control groups of systolic blood pressure produced a sig value> 0.05, which means that there was no difference between the intervention and control group. On the contrary, diastolic blood pressure produced a sig value <0.05, which means that there were differences between the intervention and control group. Finally, it can be concluded that the provision of a prayer intervention in pre-hemodialysis was effectively proven to reduce blood pressure.
Keywords : chronic kidney disease, blood pressure, prayer.
Perbedaan Efektivitas Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) dengan Slow Deep Breathing Exercise (SDBE) terhadap Tekanan Darah Penderita Hipertensi
Authors: Sartika Andry , Wardi Anwar , Sofiani Yani 
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to determine the differences between the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and Slow Deep Breathing Exercise (SDBE) on BP of hypertension patients. The research was an experiment with a randomized pretest and posttest with three group design without a control group. The sample was 30 people with hypertension. The data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate and miltivariate. The results of the study showed a decrease in systolic and diastolic BP after the intervention to all groups. There was no significant difference on the effectiveness between the three groups after intervention. The optimal time of reduction in systolic BP in the PMR and SDBE groups occurred on day three. In diastolic BP, the optimal time of reduction did not occur. In conclusion, the three relaxation techniques effectively reduced blood pressure of hypertension patients. The effective time of blood pressure reduction occurred on the third day. The suggestion for patients from this study is the patients with hypertension can do the relaxation techniques Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and Slow Deep Breathing Exercise (SDBE) to lower the BP to close to normal.
Keywords: Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and Slow Deep Breathing Exercise (SDBE)