bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A link between environmental pollution and civilization disorders: a mini review
Authors: Konduracka Ewa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Most civilization disorders have a complex etiology, involving factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and environmental pollution (EP) due to different chemicals. Among harmful chemicals, the major ones include particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, pesticides, plasticizers, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, some food additives, hormones, and antibiotics. In fact, potential pollutants are countless and most of them have never been evaluated in terms of their toxicity and health risks, especially that new chemicals emerge all the time due to interactions between the existing ones. It is almost impossible to determine the effects of these new compounds on health. Previous studies have revealed a broad spectrum of diseases related to pollution. EP has been associated with an increased incidence of some malignancies, an increased rate of all-cause mortality, development or exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases, recurrent infections, impairment of intellectual and psychomotor development in children, development of type 2 diabetes, respiratory and immune system diseases, and also brain degenerative disorders. EP is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, generating high health care costs. Global pollution questions the common recommendation to eat vegetables, fruit, and fish regularly as part of a healthy diet, if they do not have ecological certification. Research in the fields of ecology, biology, and toxicology is needed to determine which environmental contaminants are the most hazardous to wildlife and humans and at what levels. Only an interdisciplinary cooperation and measures to raise public awareness could help improve environmental protection.
Reflective and Impulsive Predictors of Unhealthy Snack Impulse Buying
Authors: Moayery Meysam , Narvaiza Cantín Lorea , Gibaja Martíns Juan José 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
While impulse buying has been conceptualized as a product of impulses, this study proposes that both reflective and impulsive determinants can outline impulse buying. Following a dual-system model that distinguishes between a reflective and an impulsive system, we hypothesized that unhealthy snack impulse buying can be differentially influenced by either impulsive system or reflective system as a function of self-regulatory resources. Participants in the experiment were randomly assigned to one of the conditions of the two-group design (self-regulatory resources depletion vs. control condition); then they were given the opportunity to take part in a mock store spontaneous buying situation. While the impulsive system was represented by impulse buying tendency and unhealthy snack buying habit, dietary restraint represented the reflective system. The dependent variables were the number of unhealthy snacks purchased and the percentage of unhealthy snacks purchased. The results provided the first empirical foundation for reflective and impulsive aspects of impulse buying behavior. The findings showed that self-regulatory resources moderate the impact of both reflective and impulsive determinants on unhealthy snack impulse buying. While the reflective system (dietary restraint) only determined the behavior in the high self-regulatory resource condition, the impulsive system (impulse buying tendency and habit) associated with the behavior when self-regulatory resources were diminished. There was one exceptional case in which habit determined the percentage of unhealthy snacks purchased even in the high self-regulatory resource condition.
Ein „merkliches Muster von Blutsverwandtschaft“: Josef Jedličkas Herkunftserzählung inKrev není voda(1991)
Authors: Artwińska Anna 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe essay deals with Josef Jedlička’s family chronicleKrev není voda(‘Blood is no water’), regarding the genealogical figures of thought which structure the text and organize the narration of family history. It examines how the Czech author adapts and redefines the traditional genre of the family chronicle for his writing purposes, as well as to what extent the reconstruction of one’s own family history and the narrative about social origin interlock. The thesis is thatKrev není vodais an interesting example of a Central European family chronicle that works with a deterministic concept of origin and distinguishes itself from nostalgic, mythologizing representations of one’s own family history.
The Deflection of Rotating Composite Tapered Beams with an Elastically Restrained Root in Hygrothermal Environment
Authors: Lin B.C. , Qin Y. , Li Y.H. , Yang J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article aims to study the static deflection of a rotating composite Timoshenko beam subjected to the laterally distributed load and restrained by the elastic root and affected by the various cross-section, installation mode, and hygrothermal environment. The governing equation is established according to the force equilibrium condition and solved by a semianalytical power series solution. To verify the correctness, the results of differential quadrature method are introduced to make a comparison. Then, several parameters that can affect the static deflection of the beam, such as the rotating speed, temperature variation, elastic root, and so on, are investigated. Results indicate that (1) pitch angle, rotating speed, and hub radius can result in the centrifugal stiffening effect; (2) setting angle, fibre orientation angle, taper ratio, and elastic root affect the static deflection by changing the rigidity of the rotating composite tapered beam; and (3) temperature variation and moisture concentration can cause the expansion deformation and the change of material properties.
Cell Adhesion-Mediated Actomyosin Assembly Regulates the Activity of Cubitus Interruptus for Hematopoietic Progenitor Maintenance in Drosophila
Authors: Sharma Shiv Kumar , Ghosh Saikat , Geetha Aarathy RavisundarJose , Mandal Sudip , Mandal Lolitika 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The actomyosin network is involved in crucial cellular processes including morphogenesis, cell adhesion, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and collective cell migration in Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammals. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila larval blood stem-like progenitors require actomyosin activity for their maintenance. Genetic loss of the actomyosin network from progenitors caused a decline in their number. Likewise, the progenitor population increased upon sustained actomyosin activation via phosphorylation by Rho-associated kinase. We show that actomyosin positively regulates larval blood progenitors by controlling the maintenance factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci). Overexpression of the maintenance signal via a constitutively activated construct (ci.HA) failed to sustain Ci-155 in the absence of actomyosin components like Zipper (zip) and Squash (sqh), thus favoring protein kinase A (PKA)-independent regulation of Ci activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a change in cortical actomyosin assembly mediated by DE-cadherin modulates Ci activity, thereby determining progenitor status. Thus, loss of cell adhesion and downstream actomyosin activity results in desensitization of the progenitors to Hh signaling, leading to their differentiation. Our data reveal how cell adhesion and the actomyosin network cooperate to influence patterning, morphogenesis, and maintenance of the hematopoietic stem-like progenitor pool in the developing Drosophila hematopoietic organ.
Redes intelectuales en la reforma educativa en Guatemala a finales del siglo XIX
Authors: Nivón Bolán Amalia 
Published: May 2019

Durante los gobiernos guatemaltecos de 1873-1898 intelectuales liberales influyeron en la reforma educativa que impulsó en las escuelas públicas la enseñanza objetiva, racional y positivista a favor del desarrollo económico y el programa civilizatorio del Estado, al estilo de las sociedades modernas de Europa y América. El trabajo es de corte historiográfico, enmarcado en la historia de la educación centroamericana, desde la perspectiva cultual e intelectual de los grupos hegemónicos interesados en la construcción de las identidades nacionales asumidas como propias. Los vínculos profesionales identificados a partir del estudio prosopográfico de tres profesores estrechamente cercanos a la formación de docentes de primaria: Santos Turiño, José María Izaguirre y Rafaela del Águila, y sus relaciones de colaboración interinstitucional en escuelas, revistas de educación y asociaciones científicas y literarias fortalecen el capital cultural del profesorado e impactan en la educación pública nacional e internacional.
Comparación entre Técnicas de Modelado Computacional de Edificios de Tipo Muro
Authors: Álvarez González Sergio Gabriel 
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se compara la aplicación de diferentes técnicas de modelado computacional de edificios de tipo muro; específicamente se estudiaron las siguientes metodologías de modelado:

Modelado a través de elementos tipo barra con sección transversal rectangular
Modelado a través de elementos tipo barra con sección transversal irregular
Modelado a través de elementos tipo área.

Con el fin de aplicar cada una de las técnicas de modelado a distintos edificios se utilizó el software de análisis estructural llamado ETABS. Posteriormente se efectuó un análisis dinámico de cada uno de estos modelos, con lo cual se creó una matriz de resultados que permitió comparar y discutir las diferentes respuestas estructurales que se pueden obtener para un mismo edificio cuando se utilizan distintas técnicas de modelado. De esta comparación se concluye que en general los modelos compuestos por elementos tipo barra con sección transversal rectangular y los modelos elaborados con elementos tipo área presentan comportamientos similares, por lo que se podrían modelar edificios de tipo muro de hasta 30 niveles con ambas metodologías sin esperar diferencias significativas en las respuestas estructurales. Por otro lado, los modelos elaborados con elementos tipo barra con sección transversal irregular presentaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a dichas respuestas.
Prevalence of work related neck and shoulder pain among office receptionist of Karachi
Authors: RAJPUT Hira İslam , KHAN Muhammad Atif , ASİF Muhammad , KAFEEL Muzna , KUBRA Khadija Tul , CHUGHTAİ Muhammad Jawwad Baig , CHUGHTAİ Muhammad Riaz Baig 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
To
determine the prevalence of work related neck
and shoulder pain among office receptionist of Karachi.Methods:
It was a cross sectional study. Office receptionists from
different private organizations of Karachi were selected by convenient sampling.
After approval from Institutional Ethical Review Committee of Isra University,
data was collected from January 2018 to June 2018. We selected office
receptionist from both gender between 22 to 41 years of age. Those participants
who had work experience of about one year using
computer for at least two hours. A self-administered questionnaire was used to
determine the work related neck and shoulder pain. Data was analyzed by SPSS
version 21.
Results:
The highest prevalence of work related neck
and shoulder pain was found and their frequency was 72 and 62. 61% participants
responded that pain starts when they perform their work. 47%
participants responded that they keep their neck in bending position and
shoulders elevated while using computer.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of work related neck pain
and shoulder pain among office receptionist was 72%. Symptoms increases with
the increase contact time with the computer. So the complaints of work related neck
and shoulder pain among receptionist of Karachi are much higher when they
perform their work.
Therefore, it is recommended that as postural training and ergonomically designed furniture
can decrease complaints of pain and occurrence of injuries, increase
productivity, improve morale, and decrease work-related musculoskeletal
disorders.
Thiol-disulphide homeostasis in noncomplicated chronic otitis media
Authors: BOZDEMİR Kazım , ULUSOY Bülent , SEZGİN Arife , AKKOZ Ahmet , EREL Özcan , KORKMAZ Mehmet Hakan 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: We
hypothesized that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic
otitis media, chronic mucosal inflammatory disease. We aimed to investigate a
novel oxidative stress marker in this study. Materıals and methods: Thirty
patient with chronic otitis media as the patient group and 30 healthy volunteer
subjects as the control group were admitted to the study. Blood samples were taken when they admitted to our clinic
before surgical intervention. In healthy volunteers, blood samples were taken
when they were admitted to our policlinic.
Thiol/disulphide levels were analyzed with a newly developed method by
Erel and Neselioglu.Results: 30 subjects were included in chronic otitis media
group (20 females, 10 males). 30
subjects were included in the control group (8 females and 22 males). Sex distribution
within the groups was significantly different (p=0.004). There was no
significant difference between groups with respect to the age distribution
(p=0.072). Measured native thiol, disulphide and total thiol values of the
groups were not significantly different from each other.

Conclusion: This study
demonstrated that although dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis was shifted
towards disulphide formation as a result of thiol oxidation in patients with
chronic otitis media. But we could not find any significant difference between
groups.
Hsiang m-kupon protokolünün güvenlik analizi
Authors: YILDIRIM Kerim , DALKILIÇ Gökhan , DURU Nevcihan 
Published: May 2019

Günümüzde
mobil cihazlar üzerlerinde barındırdıkları teknolojiler sayesinde günlük
hayatın her alanına girmiştir. Bu uygulamalara örnek olarak yeni bir alan olan
ve mobil cihazlarda kullanılan m-kupon uygulaması verilebilir. Mobil kupon
kullanımının yaygınlaştırılabilmesi için gerekli olan hususlardan birisi,
kullanıcı güvenliğinin sağlanmasıdır. M-kuponun elde edilmesi/kullanılması
aşamasındaki güvenlik, sadece bilinen şifreleme algoritmaları kullanılarak
sağlanamaz. Şifreleme algoritmaları protokolün olmazsa olmaz bir unsuru
olmasına rağmen sadece şifreleme algoritmaları kullanılarak güvenlik garanti
altına alınamaz. Bunlara ek olarak sürecin önemli bir parçası olan protokolün
de güvenlik analizinin yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmada, firmaların
özel müşterilerine sağladığı özel indirimlerin müşterilere ulaştırılabilmesi
için kullanılan m-kupon protokollerinden, Hsiang tarafından geliştirilen NFC
tabanlı protokolün güvenlik analizi, oyun kuramı ve otomatik güvenlik protokolü
doğrulama aracı Scyther kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Protokolün doğal elemanları
olan kupon sağlayıcı, müşteri ve kasiyer için birer oyuncu ve saldırgan için
ayrı bir oyuncu olmak üzere oyun kuramı için dört oyuncu belirlenmiştir. Bu
amaçla senaryolar oluşturulmuş ve senaryoların simülasyonu yapılmıştır.
Simülasyonda saldırganın, iletişimi dinleyerek elde ettiği paketleri çözüp
çözemediği, sistemi manipüle edip edemediği incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda,
kuponun oluşturulması aşamasında, güvenlik zafiyeti olduğu, bu açık kullanılarak
saldırılar yapılabildiği hem simülasyon ile hem de güvenlik protokollerinin
doğrulanması amacıyla kullanılan Scyther aracı ile tespit edilmiş ve tespit
edilen açıklar için çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
Using Computer-assisted Language Learning in Classrooms: What Does Research Say about Teachers' Beliefs and Practices?
Authors: Alsuhaibani Zainab 
Published: May 2019

The last decades have witnessed the introduction of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) into the field of education. This introduction has brought in major changes in the traditional view of language teaching and learning. Accordingly, the implementation of technology through Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and its success has become of particular interest. However, the success of CALL implementation does not merely depend only on economic investments. In fact, teachers play a major role in using technology successfully in classrooms (Galvis, 2012). Thus, it is important to investigate teachers' beliefs about CALL implementation and see whether they practically practice their beliefs in classrooms. Of equal importance is to investigate and question why some teachers do not practice their beliefs. This paper attempts to shed light on teachers' beliefs and practices of CALL implementation in classrooms. First, teachers' beliefs are defined and their importance and formation process are presented. Then, teachers' beliefs about CALL implementation in language classrooms are discussed along with the factors that affect them. A discussion of whether teachers' beliefs about technology entail their actual practice is then provided. Finally, barriers hindering teaches' practices of technology in language classrooms are explained.
Attitude and awareness on importance of breastfeeding among childbearing women in a rapidly developing country
Authors: Vamegh Motahareh H. , Karkout Rami A. , Shihan Hadeel A. , Kaouas Mujtaba C. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Health authorities in United Arab Emirates passed a law giving all the mothers the right to breastfeed their children even during the working hours. The objective of this study is designed to explore the degree of awareness among mothers in childbearing period on breastfeeding importance and practices.Methods: A cross sectional explorative questionnaire-based survey included 400 mothers from multi health centres in 3 emirates of United Arab Emirates as follows: Abu Dhabi 100 samples, Dubai 100 samples and Sharjah 200 samples, who were in their childbearing period and had a minimum of one child during the study period between July 2016 and November 2016.Results: Total 54.5% of mothers were above 30 years of age. 48% were local and 52% were non-local. 80% were familiar with the advantages of breastfeeding. 84.8% believed that exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months is important and 41% had breastfed their children exclusively. 76% had the skin-to-skin contact with their baby and 43.5% had started breastfeeding within the first hour after birth, of them, 10% had delivered by caesarean section. 82% were roaming in with their baby during hospital stay and 81% had practiced demand breastfeeding. 89.9% of mothers had received the support they needed for breastfeeding from hospital staff. 56% had not used pacifier during the hospital stay and 56% had used bottle-feeding. 55% of mothers were employed, 72% of them had the intention to continue exclusive breastfeeding for a minimum of 6-month period.Conclusions: Attitude and awareness on breastfeeding are encouraging. Educational efforts, workshops and public awareness should be enhanced and maximized.
Role of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of abdominal trauma in Sothern Rajasthan, India
Authors: . Puran , Kardam Narendra Kumar 
Published: May 2019

Background: Abdominal injury constitutes a significant portion of all blunt and penetrating body injuries. Computed tomography is an important and fast technique which gives rapid information on the type of abdominal injury and helps in management of the patient accordingly. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) in detection of intra-abdominal injury in patients with blunt abdominal trauma and to provide information that could accurately determine choice of management (non- operative versus operative). And to correlate the computed tomography (CT) findings with either clinical observation, follow up CT scan (if required) or surgical findings (wherever applicable).Methods: A total of 50 patients with abdominal trauma who underwent computed tomography (CT) examination were included. CT findings were compared with surgical findings in operated cases, and in the rest CT findings were compared by clinical outcome.Results: Among the 50 cases studied, all 50 had positive CT findings of abdominal trauma, out of which 24 patients underwent surgery and the remaining were managed conservatively. The age group of the patients was ranging from 8 to 66 years with male predominance. In this study the commonest organs affected were liver and spleen accounting for 48% and 44% respectively.Conclusions: Computed tomography is an important and highly sensitive imaging modality for diagnosis of organ injuries in patients with abdominal trauma and accordingly deciding the management of patient.
Evaluation of laboratory request forms submitted to clinical pathology department in tertiary health care hospital
Authors: Manoharan Kavitha , Manoharan Hemavathi , Sharma Chetna 
Published: May 2019

Background: Laboratory diagnostics is the fast-growing field which contributes 70% of clinical diagnosis. Laboratory information has a profound impact on patient diagnosis. Research has demonstrated most of the laboratory errors occur in the pre-analytical phase. Incorrect and incomplete filling of information on the laboratory request forms can significantly impact the quality of laboratory results, and it affects patient outcome and resources. We, therefore, evaluated the extent of incomplete laboratory forms in our center.Methods: The study was a retrospective study conducted on all request forms received over 1 month from June 15, 2018, to July 15, 2018, in the Clinical Pathology Department of ESI hospital, Coimbatore, during working hours were analyzed for the frequency of incomplete data.Results: Only the patient’s name appeared in all the forms. Consultant in charge of requesting laboratory tests (99%) was the most omitted parameter. No clinical details or location/ward details of the patient was provided in 90.7% and 7% of the cases. Age and gender did not appear in 21.9% and 22%, respectively. Date of request, doctor’s signature, and hospital number were missing on 8.4%, 27.6%, and 4.4%, respectively.Conclusions: The study has demonstrated the level completion of laboratory request forms was suboptimal. This may be responsible for many pre-analytical errors. There should be closer interaction between clinicians and laboratory physician to improve the quality of laboratory services and resource management.
The European Higher Education Area: A road to the future or at way’s end?
Authors: Bergan Sjur 
Published: May 2019

The goal of the Bologna Process was to develop a European Higher Education Area within a decade. The goal and the process proved to be attractive, new countries steadily applied for accession, and the Bologna Process has brought about substantial reforms. At the same time, the drive and optimism of the early years has given way to more measured optimism and even a sense of disillusion as we approach the 20th anniversary of the Bologna Declaration. The article outlines six phases in the development of the European Higher Education Area and then looks at some of the main challenges the EHEA faces as it approaches its third decade. Structural reforms have been the hallmark of the EHEA, and in this area the main challenges concern implementation rather than the development of new structures even if some policy challenges also remain. In the run-up to the 2018 Ministerial conference, EHEA faced a bitter debate on the character of the EHEA itself, linked to the questions of how to foster implementation of commitments undertaken and what it means to be a voluntary process. The fundamental values on which the EHEA builds are now threatened in some EHEA members, the role of the EHEA in a global context, and its relevance and governance constitute other challenges.Received: 08 April 2019Accepted: 29 April 2019Published online: 29 May 2019