bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of culture conditions for promoting heat-stable antifungal factor production level in Lysobacter enzymogenes
Authors: Wang Chunting , Xu Heng , Zhang Ying , Wu Suzhen , Chen Dedong , Qian Guoliang , Hu Baishi , Fan Jiaqin 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF), which was first isolated from Lysobacter enzymogenes, exhibits inhibitory activities against a wide range of pathogens; however, a low level of HSAF was obtained from L. enzymogenes cultured in 0.1 × tryptic soy broth (TSB), an amount that does not satisfy HSAF application in disease control. In this study, the optimization of media components and environmental conditions were examined for improving the production of HSAF from L. enzymogenes OH11. The one factor at a time method was used to screen optimal nitrogen and carbon sources and inorganic salt. Then the orthogonal matrix method was used to determine the optimal concentration of the media components and environmental factors. The results showed that the maximum level of HSAF (23361 mAU·s) was achieved when OH11 cultured in the media of 0.7% (w/v) soybean powder, 0.5% (w/v) glucose and 0.08% CaCl2 at 200 rpm at 30°C for 60 h, which is much higher than that cultured in 0.1 × TSB. This opens up the possibility of HSAF or L. enzymogenes utilization for biological control of plant disease.
Gromov–Witten Theory of Toric Birational Transformations
Authors: Acosta Pedro , Shoemaker Mark 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We investigate the effect of a general toric wall crossing on genus zero Gromov–Witten theory. Given two complete toric orbifolds $X_{+}$ and $X_{-}$ related by wall crossing under variation of geometric invariant theory quotients, we prove that their respective $I$-functions are related by linear transformation and asymptotic expansion. We use this comparison to deduce a similar result for birational complete intersections in $X_{+}$ and $X_{-}$. This extends the work of the previous authors in [2] to the case of complete intersections in toric varieties and generalizes some of the results of Coates–Iritani–Jiang [15] on the crepant transformation conjecture to the setting of non-zero discrepancy.
The XUV irradiation and likely atmospheric escape of the super-Earth π Men c
Authors: King George W , Wheatley Peter J , Bourrier Vincent , Ehrenreich David 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
π Men c was recently announced as the first confirmed exoplanet from the TESS mission. The planet has a radius of just 2 R⊕ and it transits a nearby Sun-like star of naked-eye brightness, making it the ideal target for atmospheric characterization of a super-Earth. Here we analyse archival ROSAT and Swift observations of π Men in order to determine the X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet irradiation of the planetary atmosphere and assess whether atmospheric escape is likely to be on-going. We find that π Men has a similar level of X-ray emission to the Sun, with $L_{\rm X}/L_{\rm bol} = (4.84^{+0.92}_{-0.84})\times 10^{-7}$. However, due to its small orbital separation, the high-energy irradiation of the super-Earth is around 2000 times stronger than suffered by the Earth. We show that this is sufficient to drive atmospheric escape at a rate greater than that readily detected from the warm Neptune GJ 436b. Furthermore, we estimate π Men to be four times brighter at Ly α than GJ 436. Given the small atmospheric scale heights of super-Earths, together with their potentially cloudy atmospheres, and the consequent difficulty in measuring transmission spectra, we conclude that ultraviolet absorption by material escaping π Men c presents the best opportunity currently to determine the atmospheric composition of a super-Earth.
Codeswitching
Authors: González-Vilbazo Kay , Ramos Sergio E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhile research on codeswitching and on ellipsis has flourished in the last two decades, ellipsis in codeswitching has not received as much attention. In this chapter, we argue that using ellipsis to study codeswitching is insightful on two fronts: first, codeswitching data offer a new proving ground against which to test extant theories of ellipsis. Second, ellipsis data ought to bear on theories of codeswitching, which have for the most part remained silent on it. The chapter first offers an overview of the literature on codeswitching. Then, we cover the work on ellipsis in codeswitching done so far. Our claim is that codeswitching points largely towards a structural condition on identity in ellipsis. Conversely, we find that the ellipsis data from codeswitching can be accounted for within a constraint-free approach to codeswitching, without having to further complicate the system.
Fragments
Authors: Hall Alison 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter discusses two kinds of fragments: phrases such as DPs and PPs that occur apparently unembedded in a sentence, without any overt antecedent, and fragment answers to questions. It presents non-sententialist (Stainton 2006, Progovac 2006) and sententialist approaches (focusing especially on Merchant’s 2004 movement-then-deletion account), then considers the main evidence for each approach, and how the opposing approach has tried to address this evidence. Arguments discussed in favour of non-sententialism are anticonnectivity effects, differences in the behaviour of fragment answers and their overtly sentential counterparts with regard to presupposition inheritance, and questions about the psychological plausibility of silent syntax; arguments in favour of sententialism are various kinds of connectivity effects—case, island effects, binding, and requirements for complementizers and prepositions in fragment answers.
Ellipsis in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
Authors: Ginzburg Jonathan , Miller Philip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe chapter provides an overview of the types of analyses of elliptical phenomena that have been proposed in the literature on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). First, it explains the central insights behind the analyses, which have concentrated on three classes of phenomena: (i) non-sentential utterances, (ii) argument or predicate ellipsis, and (iii) constructions involving unpronounced syntactic structure. HPSG is crucially non-modular. Constraints involving various levels can be easily stated, which benefits the framework for the analysis of ellipsis, because it allows one to express simultaneous semantic and syntactic constraints on ellipsis (explaining for instance the connectivity effects among non-sentential utterances) and provides means to integrate non-semantic information-information about the realization of utterances-into context. A more detailed discussion of the theory then follows. The chapter provides a more technically precise account of the syntax of argument ellipsis, an area which has received a considerable amount of analysis in HPSG, for which there is a broad consensus. Subsequently, more recent developments are introduced and a detailed analysis of non-sentential utterances is provided. In particular, we introduce an alternative version of HPSG, which allows the grammar to directly interface with dialogue context as conceived in the framework of KoS.
Newton’s Scholium on Time, Space, Place and Motion
Authors: Rynasiewicz Robert 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In the Scholium to the Definitions at the beginning of the Principia, Newton distinguishes absolute time, space, place, and motion from their relative counterparts. He argues that they are indeed ontologically distinct, in that the absolute quantity cannot be reduced to some particular category of the relative, as Descartes had attempted by defining absolute motion to be relative motion with respect to immediately ambient bodies. Newton’s rotating bucket experiment, rather than attempting to show that absolute motion exists, is one of five arguments from the properties, causes, and effects of motion. These arguments attempt to show that no such program can succeed, and thus that true motion can be adequately analyzed only by invoking immovable places, that is, the parts of absolute space.
Making sense of altmetrics: The perceived threats and opportunities for academic identity
Authors: Regan Áine , Henchion Maeve 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
How research impact is defined and evaluated is much-debated at research policy level. Offering one avenue for capturing societal research impact, altmetrics are proposed as quantitative indicators providing a measure of the reach and attention that a research output, such as a peer-reviewed paper, is receiving online. Eighty publicly-funded food researchers participated in an online mixed-methods engagement study. The analytical framework of sensemaking was used to explore participants’ views of altmetrics as a threat or opportunity for their perceived professional identities. The identities important to our participants included ensuring rigour and quality in knowledge production; communicating and engaging with non-academic audiences; and bringing about tangible and meaningful changes in society. While an appetite for changes to research evaluation was apparent in our study, altmetrics was perceived to introduce a number of different threats as well as opportunities to the academic identity, which will influence its potential uptake and use.
A molecular phylogeny for the Pacific monitor lizards (Varanus subgenus Euprepiosaurus) reveals a recent and rapid radiation with high levels of cryptic diversity
Authors: Weijola Valter , Vahtera Varpu , Lindqvist Christer , Kraus Fred 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We provide a geographically well-sampled, time-calibrated molecular phylogeny for the Pacific monitor lizards (Varanus: subgenus Euprepiosaurus) based on ND4 and 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences. Three well-supported clades, or species groups, are retrieved: the Varanus doreanus Group, the V. jobiensis Group and the V. indicus Group. The subgenus is estimated to have originated in the Mid-Miocene, but extant lineage diversification dates from the Late Miocene and Pliocene. A rapid and widespread radiation of the V. indicus Group into the South-West Pacific islands has occurred in the Pleistocene, but colonization onto these islands did not occur in a linear, stepping-stone fashion. Genetically distinct populations – by tradition classified as V. indicus, but seemingly representing distinct species – occur scattered on Tanimbar, several of the Solomon Islands, the Admiralty Islands, the Louisiade Archipelago, Palau and Guam. Our analyses indicate that Varanus jobiensis is a species complex with several divergent lineages that started to separate in the Pliocene and continued in the Pleistocene, the former coinciding with the uplift of the Central Dividing Range on New Guinea. We find that sympatry among species of Euprepiosaurus has not occurred until divergence times of 4.7–5.8 Myr have accrued.
Effect of Local Anesthetic Versus Botulinum Toxin-A Injections for Myofascial Pain Disorders
Authors: Ahmed Sara , Subramaniam Shoba , Sidhu Kamaldeep , Khattab Shereen , Singh Dhanveer , Babineau Jessica , Kumbhare Dinesh A. 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
Myofascial pain is a chronic pain disorder characterized by the presence of painful localized regions of stiff muscle and/or myofascial trigger points. Intramuscular myofascial trigger point injections are considered first-line treatments for myofascial pain. Common injectates include local anesthetics and botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A). The objective of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness of local anesthetics and BTX-A on pain intensity in patients with myofascial pain.

Methods:
A comprehensive systematic search of 3 databases, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Medline was conducted. The search was comprised of words to describe “myofascial pain” and “injections.” We performed a meta-analysis comparing local anesthetic and BTX-A injections across these follow-up week periods: 0 (immediately following the injection), 1 to 2, 3 to 4, 5 to 6, 7 to 8, 9 to 10, 11 to 12, 16, 18, 24 weeks with local anesthetics and BTX-A as subgroups. We also performed subgroup analyses comparing the effectiveness of local anesthetic injections and BTX-A injections at various muscle locations and comparing the effectives of single versus multiple injection sessions.

Results:
In total, 33 studies were included. A qualitative analysis suggested that local anesthetics and BTX-A were inconsistently effective at mitigating pain across all follow-up periods. The meta-analyses revealed that local anesthetic injections were more effective than BTX-A at mitigating pain intensity. Multiple injection sessions of local anesthetics were more beneficial than a single session.

Conclusions:
Additional studies are needed to determine sources of heterogeneity mediating the observed differences in effectiveness of local anesthetic and BTX-A injections among the studies. Additional replicative studies are also needed to delineate the relative efficacy and effectiveness of local anesthetic and BTX-A injection. The quantitative results of this study suggest that patients overall experience more pain relief with local anesthetic injections.
Comparing Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Instillation and Conventional Dressings for Sternal Wound Reconstructions
Authors: Chowdhry Saeed A. , Wilhelmi Bradon J. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Muscle flap reconstruction has become a mainstay of therapy following treatment of sternal wound complications; however, success depends on removing wound exudate and infectious material from the wound before reconstruction and closure. Importantly, time to closure is a key factor affecting morbidity/mortality and cost-to-treat for this wound type.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 30 patients who were treated for sternal wound complications between June 2015 and October 2017 was performed. After surgical debridement, group 1 patients (n = 15) received negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d), instilling 1/8-strength Dakin’s solution with a 20-minute dwell time followed by 2 hours of NPWT (-125 mm Hg); group 2 patients (n = 15) were treated with wet-to-moist dressings soaked in 1/8-strength Dakin’s solution. After muscle flap reconstruction and closure with sutures, group 1 patients received closed incision negative pressure therapy, and group 2 patients received Benzoin and wound closure strips. Data collected included time to closure, therapy duration, number of debridements/dressing changes, drain duration, and complications.

Results:
There was a significantly shorter time to closure (P < 0.0001) for group 1 when compared with group 2. In addition, there were fewer therapy days (P = 0.0041), fewer debridements/dressing changes (P = 0.0011), and shorter drain duration (P = 0.0001) for group 1 when compared with group 2.

Conclusions:
We describe a novel regimen consisting of adjunctive NPWTi-d, along with debridement and systemic antibiotics, followed by closed incision negative pressure therapy after muscle flap reconstruction and closure, to help manage preexisting sternal wounds that had failed to close following a previous cardiac procedure.
The Benefit of a Wireless Contralateral Routing of Signals (CROS) Microphone in Unilateral Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Kurien George , Hwang Euna , Smilsky Kari , Smith Leah , Lin Vincent Y.W. , Nedzelski Julian , Chen Joseph M. 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
Assess speech outcomes in unilateral cochlear implant (CI) recipients after addition of a wireless contralateral routing of signals (CROS) microphone.

Study Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Ambulatory.

Patients:
Sixteen adult unilateral CI users with nonserviceable hearing on the contralateral side were recruited. Those with AzBio sentence scores of 40 to 80% or Hearing in Noise Test – Quiet (HINT-Q) scores of 60 to 90% with a CI alone were eligible participants.

Intervention:
Speech testing was carried out with the CROS on and off.

Main Outcome Measure:
Speech recognition.

Results:
In the consonant-nucleus-consonant test presented in quiet from the front, word scores were 64.4 (CI) and 63.8% (CI + CROS) (p = 0.72), and phoneme scores were 80.2 (CI) and 80.8% (CI + CROS) (p = 0.65). In AzBio sentence testing in quiet, with the signals projected from the contralateral, front, or ipsilateral to the CI, speech perception with the CI alone was 60.8, 75.9, and 79.1%. With the addition of the CROS microphone, using the same speaker arrangement, speech perception was 69.8 (p < 0.05), 71.8 (p = 0.05), and 71.8 (p < 0.05). In AzBio sentence testing in noise, speech perception with the CI alone was 18.6, 45.3, and 56.3% when signals were projected from contralateral, front, and ipsilateral sides to the CI. The addition of the CROS microphone led to speech perception of 45.3 (p < 0.05), 45.3 (p = 0.86), and 51.4% (p = 0.27) in the same paradigm.

Conclusions:
Addition of a wireless CROS microphone to a unilateral CI recipient can improve users’ perception of speech in both quiet and noise if speech signals come from the deaf ear, mitigating the head shadow effect.
Safety and Cost-effectiveness of Outpatient Administration of High-dose Chemotherapy in Children With Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Elshahoubi Alya , Alnassan Anwar , Sultan Iyad 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Children with Ewing sarcoma (ES) are subjected to an interval-compressed regimen with cycles of chemotherapy given every 2 weeks, which is nowadays considered to be the standard of care for individuals with such a case. We developed institutional clinical practice guidelines (CPG) applying outpatient administration in regard to this regimen. This study intends to evaluate our institutional experience with this regimen.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of patients with ES who were treated using interval-compressed protocol of 14 cycles consisting of alternating cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine (VDC) and ifosfamide, etoposide (IE) with a maximum dose of doxorubicin of 375 mg/m2. Cycles were subsequently followed by G-CSF administration until count recovery was recorded. Patients treated using our guidelines from June 2013 to June 2015 were eligible for these guidelines. Patients younger than 3 years at the time of diagnosis were not eligible for outpatient administration of chemotherapy.

Results:
In total 12 patients with localized ES or lung-only metastasis were eligible. By the time of analysis, 153 cycles were administered to these patients. Eight cycles for 6 patients were administered on an inpatient basis while the rest (N=145) were administered in the outpatient chemotherapy unit. The median number of cycles per patient were 14 (with a range of 5 to 14). Ninety cycles (59%) were administered on time per CPG. The median interval between these cycles were 16 days (range, 12 to 36 days). The median interval between induction and consolidation cycles were 14 and 17 days, respectively. Neutropenia was reported at the time of each next cycle for 12 cycles. Transient gross hematuria was reported in 1 patient only. In addition, a cost saving of 21% (approximately US$ 4500) were achieved per patient.

Conclusions:
Our study showed that the outpatient administration of interval-compressed regimen is safe and associated with acceptable adherence to this regimen.
Presentation of Compound Heterozygous Hemoglobin Constant Spring and Hemoglobin Pakse in Neonates
Authors: Komvilaisak Patcharee , Jetsrisuparb Arunee , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Komwilaisak Ratana , Jirapradittha Junya , Kiatchoosakun Pakaphan 
Published: January 2019

Background:Mutations causing α thalassemia are divided into deletion and nondeletion groups. In the nondeletion group, hemoglobin constant spring (Hb CS) and hemoglobin Pakse (Hb Pakse) are both caused by a termination codon mutation leading to elongation of the α2 globin gene. In the case of Hb CS, the mutation is TAA→CAA, whereas the mutation causing Hb Pakse is TAA→TAT. Clinical hematologic phenotypes are not significantly different. It is important to identify compound heterozygotes for purposes of genetic counseling.Methods:We report 5 neonates with compound heterozygous Hb CS/Hb Pakse mutations with respect to clinical courses, hematologic profiles, and management.Results:Among 5 cases (3 male babies and 2 female babies) with mean birth weight 2982 g (range, 2660 to 3440 g), 3 were diagnosed as compound heterozygous Hb CS/Hb Pakse, 1 as homozygous Hb E with compound heterozygous Hb CS/Hb Pakse, and 1 as heterozygous Hb E with compound heterozygous Hb CS/Hb Pakse. Clinical manifestations included fetal anemia (1 case), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (5), neonatal anemia (2), hepatosplenomegaly (1), and cholestatic jaundice (1). Three cases required a single phototherapy; 2 cases needed double phototherapy for treatment of severe hyperbilirubinemia. During the first few months of life, all cases had mild anemia, slightly low mean corpuscular volume, wide red cell distribution width, and low red cell counts. At 1 to 3 years of age, all patients still had mild microcytic hypochromic anemia with Hb levels around 10 g/dL, increased reticulocyte count, and wide red cell distribution width.Conclusions:Misdiagnosis of Hb Pakse could occur via Hb typing using Hb electrophoresis, because the band comigrates with that of Hb CS. DNA study is the definitive method for diagnosis.
Eco-evo-devo implications and archaeobiological perspectives of wild and domesticated grapevines fruits covariating traits
Authors: Bonhomme Vincent , Picq Sandrine , Ivorra Sarah , Evin Allowen , Pastor Thierry , Bacilieri Roberto , Lacombe Thierry , Figueiral Isabel , Terral Jean-Frédéric , Bouby Laurent 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe phenotypic changes that occurred during the domestication and diversification of grapevine are well known, particularly changes in seed morphology, but the functional causes and consequences behind these variations are poorly understood. Wild and domesticate grapes differ, among others, in the form of their pips: wild grapes produce roundish pips with short stalks and cultivated varieties have more elongated pips with longer stalks. Such variations of form are of first importance for archaeobotany since the pip form is, most often, the only remaining information in archaeological settings. This study aims to enlight archaeobotanical record and grapevine pip development by better understanding how size and shape (co)variates between pip and berry in both wild and domesticated Vitis vinifera. The covariation of berry size, number of seeds per berry (“piposity”), pip size and pip shape were explored on 49 grapevine accessions sampled among Euro-Mediterranean traditional cultivars and wild grapevines. We show that for wild grapevine, the higher the piposity, the bigger the berry and the more elongated the pip. For both wild and domesticated grapevine, the longer is the pip, the more it has a “domesticated” shape. Consequences for archaeobotanical studies are tested and discussed, and these covariations allowed the inference of berry dimensions from archaeological pips from a Southern France Roman site. This systematic exploration sheds light on new aspects of pip-berry relationship, in both size and shape, on grapevine eco-evo-devo changes during domestication, and invites to explore further the functional ecology of grapevine pip and berry and notably the impact of cultivation practices and human selection on grapevine morphology.