bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and ecological determinants of woody plant height in eastern Eurasia and its relation to primary productivity
Authors: Wang Zhiheng , Li Yaoqi , Su Xiangyan , Tao Shengli , Feng Xiao , Wang Qinggang , Xu Xiaoting , Liu Yunpeng , Michaletz Sean T , Shrestha Nawal , Larjavaara Markku , Enquist Brian J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
Plant height is a key functional trait related to aboveground biomass, leaf photosynthesis and plant fitness. However, large-scale geographical patterns in community-average plant height (CAPH) of woody species and drivers of these patterns across different life forms remain hotly debated. Moreover, whether CAPH could be used as a predictor of ecosystem primary productivity is unknown.

Methods
We compiled mature height and distributions of 11 422 woody species in eastern Eurasia, and estimated geographic patterns in CAPH for different taxonomic groups and life forms. Then we evaluated the effects of environmental (including current climate and historical climate change since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)) and evolutionary factors on CAPH. Lastly, we compared the predictive power of CAPH on primary productivity with that of LiDAR-derived canopy-height data from a global survey.

Important Findings
Geographic patterns of CAPH and their drivers differed among taxonomic groups and life forms. The strongest predictor for CAPH of all woody species combined, angiosperms, all dicots and deciduous dicots was actual evapotranspiration, while temperature was the strongest predictor for CAPH of monocots and tree, shrub and evergreen dicots, and water availability for gymnosperms. Historical climate change since the LGM had only weak effects on CAPH. No phylogenetic signal was detected in family-wise average height, which was also unrelated to the tested environmental factors. Finally, we found a strong correlation between CAPH and ecosystem primary productivity. Primary productivity showed a weaker relationship with CAPH of the tallest species within a grid cell and no relationship with LiDAR-derived canopy height reported in the global survey. Our findings suggest that current climate rather than historical climate change and evolutionary history determine the geographical patterns in CAPH. However, the relative effects of climatic factors representing environmental energy and water availability on spatial variations of CAPH vary among plant life forms. Moreover, our results also suggest that CAPH can be used as a good predictor of ecosystem primary productivity.
Sessile oak forest plant community changes on the NE Iberian Peninsula over recent decades
Authors: Bou Jordi , Vilar Lluís 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsOur aims were 3-fold: (i) to determine whether global change has altered the composition and structure of the plant community found in the sessile oak forests on the NE Iberian Peninsula over the last decades, (ii) to establish whether the decline in forest exploitation activities that has taken place since the mid-20th century has had any effect on the forests and (iii) to ascertain whether there is any evidence of impact from climate warming.MethodsWe assess changes in the plant community by comparing a current survey of sessile oak forest with a historical data set obtained from previous regional studies dating from 1962 to 1977. We analyse the regional changes in the community in terms of biodiversity variables, species composition and plant traits. Furthermore, plants traits such as plant life forms and chorological groups are used to discern any effects from land-use changes and climate warming on the plant community.Important FindingsThere has been a loss of diversity in the community and, in the hottest region, there is also a loss of species richness. The composition of the community suggests that, although significant changes have taken place over recent decades, these changes differ between regions as a result of the low impact global change has had in the western regions. For instance, while the tree canopy cover in the western sessile oak forests remains stable, the eastern sessile oak forests are still recovering from the former exploitation that led to a loss of their rich and abundant herbaceous stratum. In fact, the recovery process in the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range has constituted an increase in the Euro-Siberian plants typical to this community. Moreover, in the eastern forests, there is evidence that climate warming has impacted the thermophilization of the sessile oak forests found on the Coastal Range.
ORVAL: a novel platform for the prediction and exploration of disease-causing oligogenic variant combinations
Authors: Renaux Alexandre , Papadimitriou Sofia , Versbraegen Nassim , Nachtegael Charlotte , Boutry Simon , Nowé Ann , Smits Guillaume , Lenaerts Tom 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A tremendous amount of DNA sequencing data is being produced around the world with the ambition to capture in more detail the mechanisms underlying human diseases. While numerous bioinformatics tools exist that allow the discovery of causal variants in Mendelian diseases, little to no support is provided to do the same for variant combinations, an essential task for the discovery of the causes of oligogenic diseases. ORVAL (the Oligogenic Resource for Variant AnaLysis), which is presented here, provides an answer to this problem by focusing on generating networks of candidate pathogenic variant combinations in gene pairs, as opposed to isolated variants in unique genes. This online platform integrates innovative machine learning methods for combinatorial variant pathogenicity prediction with visualization techniques, offering several interactive and exploratory tools, such as pathogenic gene and protein interaction networks, a ranking of pathogenic gene pairs, as well as visual mappings of the cellular location and pathway information. ORVAL is the first web-based exploration platform dedicated to identifying networks of candidate pathogenic variant combinations with the sole ambition to help in uncovering oligogenic causes for patients that cannot rely on the classical disease analysis tools. ORVAL is available at https://orval.ibsquare.be.
Tobacco-Related Counseling and Documentation in Adolescent Primary Care Practice: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: LeLaurin Jennifer H , Theis Ryan P , Thompson Lindsay A , Tan Andy S L , Young-Wolff Kelly C , Carter-Harris Lisa , Shenkman Elizabeth A , Salloum Ramzi G 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Primary care visits present an opportunity to reduce tobacco use and tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) among adolescents. To date, few studies have examined tobacco-related electronic health record (EHR) documentation in adolescent visits. The purpose of this study was to (1) describe tobacco-related EHR documentation practices in adolescent care clinics, including whether alternative tobacco products, parental use, and TSE were addressed; and (2) identify aspects of adolescent tobacco use that may inform EHR updates and counseling and documentation practices.

Methods
Following a convergent mixed-methods design, we conducted an EHR review of 508 adolescent well-child visits, performed focus groups with pediatric providers and staff, and conducted in-depth interviews with adolescent patients. Record review data and interview transcripts were analyzed and interpreted concurrently.

Results
In the EHR review, cigarette screening was documented in 92.3% of visits, smokeless tobacco screening in 51.4%, parental tobacco use in 23.2%, and home TSE in 33.1% of visits. Smoking status options were not mutually exclusive and did not include noncigarette products. No records documented assessment of e-cigarette use, despite nearly half of adolescent interview respondents citing these as the most popular products among adolescents. In interviews, adolescents discussed their experiences with alternative tobacco/nicotine products more than cigarettes.

Conclusions
Tobacco use status prompts should be revised for clarity and include noncigarette tobacco products and TSE. Provider education on noncigarette products and TSE assessment is needed. Improvements in EHR systems, resources, and tools can lead to better tobacco screening, prevention, and treatment practices among primary care providers.

Implications
Clinical guidelines call for pediatricians to assess and treat adolescent and parental tobacco use during primary care visits. The use of electronic health records (EHRs) can improve screening and counseling practices; however, few studies have examined tobacco-related EHR documentation practices in adolescent care settings. This mixed-methods study found low rates of EHR documentation related to noncigarette nicotine/tobacco products, parental tobacco use, and tobacco smoke exposure. These results demonstrate the need for increased provider training and EHR modifications to facilitate comprehensive tobacco control efforts in the adolescent population.
Language and Sexual Violence in the Legal System
Authors: Ehrlich Susan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews research on linguistic representations of sexual violence in the media and the legal system, illustrating how such representations can be informed by broader ideologies of gender and sexuality. In reviewing this literature, the chapter demonstrates, in particular, how discourses of normative heterosexuality help to give meaning to representations of sexual violence. The text then turns to a case study of the 2013 Steubenville (Ohio, U.S.A.) rape trial in order to show how the social media evidence in this case, specifically the photographic evidence, was able to unsettle these discourses in ways that the more typical “he said/she said” evidence of sexual assault trials may have had (more) difficulty doing.
Linguistic Landscapes of Language and Sexuality
Authors: Hiramoto Mie , Vitorio Raymund 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter outlines the benefits of a linguistic landscape studies approach for the broader study of language and sexuality. Chinese martial arts films, often described as highly masculine and dominated by male heroes and male characters, are a rich site for the analysis of the social construction of gender and sexuality, particularly in the way they portray an idealized male dominance through Confucian ideologies. These films are thus viewed as a legitimate space, albeit fictional and mediatized, for the application of a linguistic landscape perspective. Based on samples of over 200 films, the analysis argues that features in the linguistic landscapes of these films—among them referential names of landmarks and material constructions of settings and costumes—semiotically mark the gender and sexuality of the martial arts practitioner characters. Most notably, the linguistic landscapes in these films glorify celibacy—or controlled asexuality—as an ideal practice that goes along with ultimate masculinity, as seen in the homosocial rejection of romance and celebration of chastity.
Why Great Ideas Are Often Overlooked
Authors: Rietzschel Eric F. , Nijstad Bernard A. , Stroebe Wolfgang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Group creativity is far more than the generation of ideas: Ultimately, creative ideas must be recognized, valued, and selected. This chapter reviews and theoretically analyzes the relevant literature on the recognition, evaluation, and selection of creative ideas in groups. In doing so, it explains that both idea evaluation and idea selection show substantial room for improvement, with idea selection being especially problematic. The chapter argues that the underlying problem in effective idea evaluation and selection is the tension between originality and feasibility, and that highly original ideas tend to be disliked or rejected because they are perceived to be risky and unfeasible. Situational or personal factors that make implementation or feasibility concerns more salient will therefore hinder creative idea selection. After discussing the literature, the chapter addresses some possible solutions and directions for future research.
Leading Creative Groups
Authors: Mumford Michael D. , Higgs Cory , Todd E. Michelle , Martin Robert 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Leaders play a critical role in group performance including groups asked to work on creative tasks. Leadership of creative groups might be understood either in terms of requisite leader behaviors or the critical functions that must be executed by those who assume leadership roles in creative groups. This chapter examines the key functions that must be performed by leaders to encourage group creativity. It argues leaders of creative groups must recruit team members, define team climate and processes, establish objectives and constraints, plan and evaluate creative work, and champion creative efforts to obtain necessary resources. The implications of these observations for understanding effective leadership for creative groups are discussed.
Nation, Nation-State, and Nationalism
Authors: Breuilly John 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Max Weber published a good deal as a German nationalist. He wrote about nation and state as a social scientist. Much of his political writing promoted German interests at home and abroad. As a scientist he wrote about ethnic community, national community, and state (though rather less about nationalism and nation-state). The present chapter argues that there are problems in relating these political and scientific writings to each other and that his theorizing of the concept of nation is inadequate by his own standards. However, his basic sociological concepts suggest better ways of understanding nation and nationalism, and the chapter will sketch out such an approach.
The Supranational Dimension in Max Weber’s Vision of Politics
Authors: Palonen Kari 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Max Weber analyzed politics from the perspective of Chancen for actors, and he never separated world politics from domestic politics. The “Westphalian balance” between great European powers shaped Weber’s views on international polity. However, he also regarded Western individualism, human rights, and parliamentary democracy as necessary qualities to possess in order to be recognized as a great power. This vision provided the basis for his wartime critique of the expansionist tendencies in German foreign policy and for his demand for the parliamentarization of German politics. After the end of World War I, Weber used Woodrow Wilson’s idea of the League of Nations as the basis for a proposal on new treaty legislation on war guilt. By doing so, he also identified chances for introducing supranational elements to world politics. The final part of the chapter applies a Weberian political imagination to the interpretation of the United Nations and the European Union as supranational institutions.
Max Weber and the Late Modernization of Catholicism
Authors: Turner Bryan S. , Forlenza Rosario 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
While Max Weber wrote extensively on a range of religions—Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, and most extensively Protestantism—there is no fully developed sociology of Catholicism. This chapter attempts to construct Max Weber’s missing sociology of Catholicism from the various scattered comments across his works. While Weber saw Protestantism influencing the growth of capitalism (and more broadly modernization), his view of Catholicism was largely negative: it was ritualistic, magical, bureaucratic, and traditional. What would Weber have made of Catholicism in the twentieth century and twenty-first century? This chapter first examines developments in nineteenth-century Catholicism that lay behind Weber’s critical commentary. The second half asks how changes in Catholicism after the Second Vatican Council (informally known as Vatican II, 1962–1965) have brought about a modernization of Catholicism. The chapter argues for the relevance of Weber’s views today by considering the impact of Vatican II on Catholic teaching and practice, arguing that it represents the political modernization of Catholicism. Vatican II represented a radical departure from the political conservatism of the nineteenth century. In principle, the church was no longer critical of secular democracy, pluralism, the party system, and state sovereignty. This modernization, however, began to undermine the universalism of the church and pushed Catholicism toward denominationalism. However, the church did not modernize its teaching on contraception, abortion, marriage, divorce, and family life. This tension between political modernization and what we might simply call “familial conservatism” still haunts the church today.
Max Weber’s Analysis of Capitalism
Authors: Bruhns Hinnerk 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Capitalism is an absolutely central theme of Max Weber’s work as an economist and sociologist as well as of his political and social commitment. Weber’s investigations in ancient economy, the medieval city, and the political, economic, social, and religious systems of China and India are for a great part an inventory of differences versus the occidental development of modern market-oriented capitalism based on the exploitation of (formally) free labor. The transition from agrarian to industrial capitalism in contemporary Germany is observed by Weber with respect to the political and social problems of the young nation-state. The universal expansion of capitalism is analyzed with respect to its effects on humankind and conduct of life.
Contemporary Capitalism and the Distribution of Power in Society
Authors: Scott John 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article examines Weber’s partial and fragmentary discussions of power and domination. It reconstructs a basis for Weber’s argument through introducing ideas of persuasive and coercive influence and shows how Weber examined these forms of power in structures of class and status and in views of state authority and patterns of domination in economic markets. It is shown that the Weberian conceptualization can illuminate many ongoing debates in studies of corporate power and control over state power. The application of the ideas is considered through current evidence on the financialization and globalization of economic domination and the transformation and globalization of state power in contemporary capitalism.
Materialist/Marxist Interpretations and Postcolonial Biblical Criticism
Authors: McKay Niall 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Marxist theory provides a set of tools to analyze the material conditions and social forces behind biblical texts and the contexts of their interpreters. Although often overlooked within biblical studies, an important scholarly movement in Marxist and materialist biblical criticism continues to challenge liberal and capitalist assumptions in historical-critical, social-scientific, and literary approaches to the Bible. This study examines the broad parameters of Marxist biblical criticism and how it might enrich readings from the margins collected under the tent of postcolonial biblical criticism. The chapter also notes the divergence between postcolonial and Marxist criticism in recent decades and looks to the work of Fernando Belo and Itumeleng Mosala to find common ground. Their analyses may challenge the tendency in postcolonial biblical criticism not to engage Marxism criticism deeply.
Liquidity Swaps between Central Banks, the IMF, and the Evolution of the International Financial Architecture
Authors: Bourgeon Pauline , Sgard Jérôme 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York, then the 2008 crisis and the euro crisis have seen a major monetary innovation in the form of large-scale exchanges of liquidity swaps between core central banks. For instance, the US Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank exchanged for a few days or weeks equivalent amounts of their respective currencies, so that the ECB could lend dollars to eurozone commercial banks, and vice versa. At maturity, the swaps were either extended over time or reimbursed. This utterly simple operation thus allows central banks to act collectively as a Fed-led, network-based international lender of last resort. A significant corollary is that the action of the IMF, which used to be the main international crisis manager, now extends only to the developing countries and the (smaller) emerging countries. Conditionality, with its strongly asymmetric dimension, is limited to this latter group, while unconditional swaps are now the key liquidity channel for supporting the rich and powerful countries.
States, Nonstate Actors, and Economics in Global Health Governance
Authors: Youde Jeremy 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The economic landscape for global health politics has shifted dramatically over the past generation as private and nonstate actors become increasingly important sources of development assistance for health. The growing economic clout of nonstate actors in the global health space raises questions about the role of states in funding development programs, whether state and nonstate actors work in a complementary fashion, and if there are fundamental shifts in the nature of global governance, legitimacy, and authority under way. This chapter examines the intersection of state and nonstate actors in the economic dimensions of global health governance by examining the different types of nonstate actors getting involved in funding global health programs, the historical experience of nonstate actors in global health, the informal division of labor within global health governance, and potential pathways for facilitating positive economic engagement between state and nonstate actors in the economics of global health.
Plurality
Authors: Tieu Lyn , Romoli Jacopo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis chapter presents an overview of recent experimental work investigating the semantics and pragmatics of plurality. The studies discussed examine the ‘more than one’ meaning that is seemingly contributed by plural morphology, referred to in the literature as a plurality inference or a multiplicity inference. Theoretical treatments of the multiplicity inference involve deriving the ‘more than one’ meaning as a kind of implicature, or treating it as one of the possible meanings of an ambiguous plural. Recent findings from experiments conducted with adults and children reveal that the plural meaning is sensitive to polarity, context-dependent, suspendable under certain conditions, and computed by preschool-aged children on a par with standard implicatures. The chapter discusses how these experimental findings align with the two main theoretical approaches, and suggests directions for future research.
Vagueness
Authors: Alxatib Sam , Sauerland Uli 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThough vague phenomena have been studied extensively for many decades, it is only in recent years that researchers sought the support of quantitative data. This chapter highlights and discusses the insights that experimental methods brought to the study of vagueness. One area focused on are ‘borderline contradictions’, that is, sentences like ‘She is neither tall nor not tall’ that are contradictory when analysed in classical logic, but are actually acceptable as descriptions of borderline cases. The flourishing of theories and experimental studies that borderline contradictions have led to are examined closely. Beyond this illustrative case, an overview of recent studies that concern the classification of types of vagueness, the use of numbers, rounding, number modification, and the general pragmatic status of vagueness is provided.