bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilização da simulação de Monte Carlo na gestão de estoques para empresas farmacêuticas
Authors: Lopes Rodrigo Campos , Mendes Alcindo Cipriano Argolo , Lunkes Rogério João , Costa Gabriel Donadio 
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é aplicar a Simulação de Monte Carlo (SMC) para o gerenciamento dos estoques em uma farmácia de pequeno porte.
Metodologia: Com características de pesquisas exploratória e descritiva, a presente pesquisa utilizou-se de dados reais coletados em uma farmácia de pequeno porte, e com participação do gestor e farmacêutico. Foram selecionados 22 medicamentos considerados de alta rotatividade, para o teste de modelagem. Em seguida observou-se a demanda diária por 22 dias úteis e consecutivos, para determinação dos parâmetros do modelo a ser utilizado. Para a modelagem foi utilizado a técnica de Simulação de Monte Carlo (SMC), proposta por Corrar e Theóphilo (2004).
Resultados: O modelo se mostrou aplicável e de fácil utilização por parte dos gestores. Nos exemplos de análise, do medicamento DRAMIN foi possível verificar que o aumento de estoque mínimo de 60 unidades para 100 unidades elevaria o índice de atendimento de 87% para 92,3%. Também se observou na unidade de análise que alguns medicamentos, como no caso do DORFLEX poderiam ter seus estoques reduzidos em mais de 300% que seria mantida a mesma eficiência em relação ao atendimento da demanda.
Contribuições do estudo: O presente trabalho contribui com a literatura de controles gerenciais, apontando técnicas de pesquisa operacional para gerenciamento de estoques. Além disso, traz uma valiosa contribuição para pequenas empresas do setor farmacêutico, auxiliando-as na utilização do uso de ferramentas estatísticas simples para melhorar a eficiência do investimento em estoque, e consequente o desempenho financeiro.
Impact of Using a 3D Visual Metaphor Serious Game to Teach History-Taking Content to Medical Students: Longitudinal Mixed Methods Pilot Study
Authors: Alyami Hussain , Alawami Mohammed , Lyndon Mataroria , Alyami Mohsen , Coomarasamy Christin , Henning Marcus , Hill Andrew , Sundram Frederick 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundHistory taking is a key component of clinical practice; however, this skill is often poorly performed by students and doctors.ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine whether Metaphoria, a 3D serious game (SG), is superior to another electronic medium (PDF text file) in learning the history-taking content of a single organ system (cardiac).MethodsIn 2015, a longitudinal mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) pilot study was conducted over multiple sampling time points (10 weeks) on a group of undergraduate medical students at The University of Auckland Medical School, New Zealand. Assessors involved in the study were blinded to group allocation. From an initial sample of 83, a total of 46 medical students were recruited. Participants were assigned to either a PDF group (n=19) or a game group (n=27). In total, 1 participant left the PDF group after allocation was revealed and was excluded. A total of 24 students in the game group and 14 students in the PDF group completed follow-up 7 weeks later. Using an iterative design process for over a year, with input from a variety of clinical disciplines, a cardiac history-taking game and PDF file were designed and informed by Cognitive Load Theory. Each group completed its intervention in 40 min. A total of 3 levels of Kirkpatrick training evaluation model were examined using validated questionnaires: affective (perception and satisfaction), cognitive (knowledge gains and cognitive load), and behavioral attitudes (Objective Structured Clinical Exam) as well as qualitative assessment. A priori hypotheses were formulated before data collection.ResultsCompared with baseline, both groups showed significant improvement in knowledge and self-efficacy longitudinally (P<.001). Apart from the game group having a statistically significant difference in terms of satisfaction (P<.001), there were no significant differences between groups in knowledge gain, self-efficacy, cognitive load, ease of use, acceptability, or objective structured clinical examination scores. However, qualitative findings indicated that the game was more engaging and enjoyable, and it served as a visual aid compared with the PDF file.ConclusionsStudents favored learning through utilization of an SG with regard to cardiac history taking. This may be relevant to other areas of medicine, and this highlights the importance of innovative methods of teaching the next generation of medical students.
A STUDY TO EXPLORE LEARNING STYLE PREFERENCES OF PHARMACY STUDENTS WITH REGARD TO PHARMACEUTICAL CALCULATIONS
Authors: WARA BAHTA , DALY JAN , MORRISSEY HANA , BALL PATRICK 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Pharmaceutical calculations are an essential aspect of learning for pharmacy students in order to avoid drug dose errors and maintain patient safety in future practice. Learning styles influence how lecturers approach the teaching-learning process. So far no specific learning preference is believed to be most appropriate for the pharmacy curricular; however certain learning styles are favoured by students as they improve their understanding of course material, knowledge and performance.
Methods: 148Master of pharmacy participants from the second and third year were given a questionnaire to complete during a compulsory Individual Readiness Assurance Test session. Participants were restricted to just one option.
Results: Workshops with a tutor was the most selected (36%) followed by 25% of participants favouring formative assessments, 28% selected workbooks alone, 37% for whole-class lecturers and videos option was the least selected. Reasons for the most and least preferred learning styles were highlighted and separated into advantages and disadvantages using themes. In the knowledge test; 92% of participants selected “unsure” or “didn’t know” the answer, 29% had a partially correct answer and 19% selected incorrect answers.
The overall order of ranking arose in regards to the most beneficial learning style which enhances performance. The responses revealed a variety of advantages and disadvantages which were reflected between year groups and similar to views obtained from recent literature. Students reflected a lack of understanding on extemporaneous preparation (EPs) terms used in pharmaceutical compounding practices, thus the university should consider addressing the lack of awareness and consider the best teaching-learning style in doing so.
Conclusion: Overall the findings suggested that the sample students have similar views on the learning styles used to deliver pharmaceutical calculations on their academic performance to that expressed by the authors from recent published literature.
RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ALOE VERA ON HEPATOSOMATIC INDEX OF SWISS ALBINO MICE
Authors: DADUPANTHI PRIYANKA 
Published: July 2019

Objective: In the living organisms, deleterious effects produced by ionizing radiations. Human exposure to ionizing radiations increased enormously because of rapid technological advancements. There is a need to protect humans against such effects of ionizing radiation. Protection against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiations by radioprotectors was studied, which may be of great help for human application. Present study was conducted to evaluate the modulating efficacy of prolonged administration of Aloe vera extract against gamma irradiation-induced toxicity in mice.
Methods: Animals were given Aloe vera leaf extract orally 1000 mg/kg body weight/d for 15 consecutive days before radiation exposure (0.5, 3 and 5.5 Gy gamma radiation).
Results: Mice were autopsied at day ¼, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 after irradiation to evaluate the radio modulator effect in terms of the hepatosomatic index.
Conclusion: Aloe vera extract has a beneficial protective effect against radiation-induced oxidative stress.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF BOSENTAN IN SPIKED HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: K. BHAVYA SRI , H. MOUNIKA C. 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop and validate a simple, efficient, economical and accurate UV-visible spectrophotometric method for estimation of bosentan in spiked human plasma.
Methods: The analyte was extracted by Liquid-liquid Extraction (LLE) procedure using acetonitrile and chloroform. Absorbance of the analyte in the extract was measured at 270 nm using ethanol as a diluent. The developed method was validated for linearity, accuracy and robustness.
Results: The proposed method was found to be linear in the range of 6 to 18 mg/ml. The correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be 0.99. The results revealed that the linearity, accuracy and robustness of the developed method were within the acceptable range.
Conclusion: The analytical technique presented here demonstrates shorter and easier sample preparation method, decreased analysis time and reduces the need for complicated or expensive equipment. The sample preparation method used in this study can also be further extended to higherend analytical techniques and other biological samples for quantification of bosentan.
Children Exposed to Maternal Obesity or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus During Early Fetal Development Have Hypothalamic Alterations That Predict Future Weight Gain
Authors: Page Kathleen A. , Luo Shan , Wang Xinhui , Chow Ting , Alves Jasmin , Buchanan Thomas A. , Xiang Anny H. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE
Exposure in utero to maternal obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked to a high risk for obesity in offspring. Animal studies suggest that these exposures disrupt the development of the hypothalamus, a brain region that regulates body weight, predisposing offspring to develop obesity. This study tested the hypothesis in humans that in utero exposure to maternal obesity and/or GDM is associated with alterations in the hypothalamic response to glucose and the altered hypothalamic response would predict greater increases in child adiposity 1 year later.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants were 91 children aged 7–11 years with and without in utero exposure to GDM. Maternal prepregnancy BMI and GDM exposures were determined from electronic medical records. Arterial spin labeling MRI was used to determine the child’s hypothalamic blood flow response to oral glucose. Anthropometric measures were acquired in all children at their initial visit and again 1 year later in a subset of 44 children.

RESULTS
Children exposed to GDM diagnosed at ≤26 weeks' gestation had increased hypothalamic blood flow (a marker of hypothalamic activation) in response to glucose when compared with unexposed children, and results remained after adjustments for child age, sex, BMI, and maternal prepregnancy BMI. Maternal prepregnancy BMI was positively associated with the child’s hypothalamic response to glucose. Greater hypothalamic response to glucose predicted greater increases in child’s BMI 1 year later.

CONCLUSIONS
Increased glucose-linked hypothalamic activation during childhood represents a possible mechanism by which exposure to maternal metabolic disorders during fetal development increases future risk for obesity.
Effects of hospital–community integrated transitional care on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease†
Authors: Liu Min , Li Guo-Hong , Liu Yan-Hong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
To explore the effects of “hospital–community integrated transitional care” model on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods
A total of 117 inpatients with COPD from the Department of Respiratory Medicine in a tertiary general hospital in Nanjing were enrolled by convenience sampling from January to December in 2016 and then were divided into intervention group (n = 60) and control group (n = 57) by random number table. Patients in the intervention group accepted both routine care and hospital–community integrated transitional care for 3 months after discharge. Assessment of quality of life by telephone follow-up or interview within a week before discharge and 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge was evaluated using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaire.

Results
For a total score of quality of life, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05): 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. In addition, for each dimension score of quality of life, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) except vitality dimension, 1 month after discharge, and there were significant differences in all dimensions, 3 and 6 months after discharge (P < 0.05)

Conclusions
Hospital–community integrated transitional care model can improve the quality of life of patients with COPD.
Assessment of physical activity status among pregnant women in southwestern China
Authors: Yin Ya-Nan , Huang Yan , Liu Xing-Hui , Luo Bi-Ru 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
To assess the patterns and intensities of physical activity among pregnant women in southwestern China, which help us create a fitness regimen based on the 2002 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines for exercise during pregnancy.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed to recruit pregnant women at a prenatal checking visit clinic with the self-administered Chinese version of Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ).

Results
A total of 1179 Chinese pregnant women were enrolled, of whom 92.60% were classified as not meeting the ACOG guidelines. By intensity, 47.36% of the score was attributed to light-intensity activities (1.5 to <3.0 metabolic equivalent [MET]) in the first trimester; the other 2 trimesters were similar. By patterns, about 45.15% of the score was attributed to inactivity. More than 82.35% of enrolled pregnant women regarded slowly walking as the most common type of exercise during pregnancy.

Conclusions
This study represents a group of Chinese women who maintained an inactive lifestyle, including low-intensity activities and unitary type of exercises during their pregnancy. Health-care providers are advised to provide appropriate physical activity guidelines to pregnant women. Development of MET-hours/week recommendations is warranted to promote greater physical activity during pregnancy.
Relationship of visual impairment and peripheral artery disease with the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers in Dr. Moewardi Hospital
Authors: Purwanti Okti Sri , Yetti Krisna , Herawati Tuti 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
One of the diabetes mellitus (DM) complications is foot ulcers. Foot ulcers are influenced by many factors. DM puts patients at risk of injury because of visual impairment. Hyperglycemia can damage blood vessels, which results in peripheral artery disease (PAD). The purpose of this study was to find the relationship of visual impairment and PAD with diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods
This research used observational analytic study with case–control methods. It used purposive sampling in 34 DM patients with foot ulcers and 34 DM patients without foot ulcers. The research instruments were an interview guide to assess visual impairment, physical examination to assess PAD, and documentation study, which was used to know the incidence of diabetic ulcers.

Results
The results showed that the respondents who experienced ulcers with visual impairment were 44.1% and the respondents who had foot ulcers with PAD were 73.5%. The results of statistical tests showed that there was no relationship between visual impairment and the incidence of ulcers (P = 0.166). The respondents with PAD will have a chance to suffer from foot ulcers 5.808 times higher than those who do not have PAD.

Conclusions
There is no relationship between visual impairment and the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, but there is relationship between PAD and the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Suggestions of this study are to do foot screening and educate about the importance of foot care to prevent the occurrence of diabetic ulcers.
Constructing a caring training content for nurse managers: a Delphi study
Authors: Chen Rui , Liu Yi-Lan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
To design a scientific, feasible caring training content for nurse managers.

Methods
Training content came from review of literature; all the content were sorted out, analyzed, and compiled by the research team. Then, a Delphi method was used to collect opinions from experts on the caring training contents.

Results
A 22-member multidisciplinary panel was engaged in a two-round Delphi process to assess the importance of the items and to identify any additional elements. Consensus was obtained on 23 items that belonged to four modules. There were 10 items related to caring knowledge and caring ability, six items related to caring leadership, three items related to caring education, and four items related to caring research.

Conclusions
The four-module integrated training contents achieved in this study represented the core caring knowledge and skills that a nurse manager who worked in hospital needed to know. Nurse managers can choose any module to have a system learning according to their practical needs, totally or separately.
Desperately Seeking Understanding: A New Perspective on Multiculturalism
Authors: Muzykina Yelena V. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a discussion of the Muslim presence in modern Western Europe and the trends that accompany it. The author argues that such debates could not be conducted in the absence of Muslims themselves and introduces Ziauddin Sardar (a modern British Muslim intellectual) and his thinking on “multiculturalism”. Sardar’s vision on the matter radically differs from the traditional interpretations, which usually involve European Union policies regarding ethnic minorities. Sardar’s theory is built on a broader context and develops such concepts as “diversity”, “identity”, and “power”. His approach transcends the boundaries of a limited geographic area and could be applied to non-Western regions. The author attempts to apply it to Kazakhstan, in an attempt to see how it could work in the Kazakh sociocultural context. The main focus is on the ethnic and religious characteristics of the Republic. Finally, the paper contains some suggestions for the further development of Sardar’s theory of multiculturalism. The conclusions offer a justification of the possibility and necessity to transform the idea of “multiculturalism” into “interculturalism”.
Ethnic Identity of Kazakhstani Russians: The Dynamics of Change and the Place of Russia as a Kin State
Authors: Senggirbay Mukhtar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper was to find out how the ethnic identity of Russians residing in Kazakhstan has changed since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. What qualities and characteristics distinguish ethnic Russians in Kazakhstan now? What are the main factors shaping their identity? To what extent Russians see aligned with their homeland and with the mainstream Kazakh society. What is the role of Russia in promoting a sense of attachment to the homeland? The case of Kazakhstani Russians was analyzed applying the various methods of qualitative research, including surveys, in-depth interviews, content analysis of the publications, and the speeches of political figures and activists. In addition, the methods of participant observation helped in understanding the cultural differentiation of the Russian religious organizations in Kazakhstan. The research revealed the significant changes in the identity patterns of ethnic Russians in Kazakhstan, which resulted from the process of consolidation of the vigorous state-protected ethnic Kazakh identity. Losing the previous dominant position in demography, the Russians bowed to the inevitable Kazakhification of the society. The change in the language preferences shows that the new generation of Russians is gradually accepting the new trend – Kazakh–Russian bilingualism – which is being promoted and implemented by the government of Kazakhstan and by the overwhelmingly ethnocratic Kazakh political elite.
New technologies in breast cancer detection – contrast enhanced dual-energy spectral mammography
Authors: Chernaya A. V. , Novikov S. N. , Krivorotko P. V. , Ulyanova R. Kh. , Danilov V. V. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: to study the possibilities of contrast enhanced dual-energy spectral mammography (CESM) in the diagnostics of malignant tumors in the breast.Material and methods. Forty-seven patients with suspicious for breast cancer (BC) lesions underwent CESM. Digital mammography (MMG) and post-contrast images were correlated with the results of path morphological studies after surgery or puncture biopsy was performed.Results. Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy in the diagnostics of breast cancer were 83.3%, 85.7%, 85.1% for digital mammography and 91.6%, 91.4%, 91.4% for CESM, respectively. The positive predictive value was 66.6% for digital MMG and 78.5% for CESM. The negative predictive value (NPV) was 96.9% for the CESM and exceeded NPV of the digital MMG, which was 93.7%.Conclusion. Thus, these findings suggest that CESM is an effective method for the diagnostics of malignant tumors in the breast.
Giant fecal calculus of the proximal colon. Clinical observation
Authors: Litvinenko I. V. , Pronkina E. V. , Rostovtsev M. V. , Nudnov N. V. , Godzhello M. A. 
Published: July 2019

Fecal stones are a collection of solid feces, most often in the distal colon. The formation of fecal stones occurs in people with damage to the autonomic nervous system (Chagas or Hirschsprung's disease), elderly patients suffering from prolonged constipation. Symptoms of coprolites are usually not specific (discomfort in the abdomen, constipation followed by severe diarrhea, weight loss). At clinical examination it is possible to suspect tumor formation. In diagnosis using a colonoscopy, X-ray methods (irrigoscopy, radiography of the abdomen, CT, MRI). The occurrence of fecal concretions can lead to complications such as intestinal obstruction, bedsores in the area of the fit of the stone, ulcers, bleeding, perforation, fecal peritonitis, the formation of a tumor process in the intestinal wall. Treatment is often conservative, in complicated cases surgery.Present a rare case of intestinal obstruction in an 85-year-old male with colostoma caused by obstruction by a giant fecal calculus in an atypical location (proximal colon), with an erased clinical picture and diagnostic difficulties.