bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding healing through animal companionship in Japanese animal cafés
Authors: Robinson Amanda S 
Published: July 2019

Animal cafés—businesses in which customers pay by the hour to have a drink and relax in a space filled with cats, rabbits or other animals—began to appear in Japan in 2004, as a part of theiyashihealing boom. Theiyashiboom, in goods and experiences that offer emotional and physical healing, was a response to problems of economic and social precarity triggered by the end of the Japanese bubble and the changing economic situation, particularly among younger Japanese facing the loss of earlier forms of social support and community. Animal cafés offeriyashito their customers by providing them a refuge from the stress of their everyday lives, where they can relax through engagement with companion animals, rather than returning to tiny, empty apartments. The focus of these businesses is to offer the opportunity to develop positive affective relationships with the animals, who offer stress relief, physical affection, and a listening ear to the visitors who come to spend time with them.This research explores the way that affective relationships with animals in these cafés are being used as a method to maintain emotional well-being and control stress levels. Based on 18 months of anthropological fieldwork in Tokyo, Japan, this paper draws on the narratives of café visitors to argue that the popularity of these businesses is indicative of a shift towards the commodification of care relationships, and that visitors are using animals to reduce their stress in order to further productivity, by investigating how affective connections with non-human animals helps them feel ‘healed”’, and to explore how this relates to larger social considerations about healing and wellness in modern Japan.
АНАЛІЗ СТРУКТУРИ ТА ДИНАМІКИ СОЦІАЛЬНО-МЕДИЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ХРОНІЧНОГО ВІРУСНОГО ГЕПАТИТУ С В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Kubarieva I. V. , Volkova A. V. , Nozdrina A. A. 
Published: July 2019

Мета роботи. Здійснити аналіз структури та динаміки соціально-медичних показників хронічного вірусного гепатиту С (ГС) в Україні.
Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні застосовано методи маркетингового аналізу, аналітичний, порівняльний методи та узагальнення інформації.
Результати й обговорення. За результатами аналізу визначено, що близько 75 % випадків хронічного ГС у світі припадає на країни з низьким і середнім рівнями доходу. В Україні реєструють близька 47 157 випадків на рік, частка ГС серед усіх захворювань в Україні складала у 2013 р.— 0,063 %, у 2017 р. – 0,087 % і має тенденцію до збільшення.
Наведено результати аналізу поширення ГС в Україні. Найбільш високі показники у Запорізькій та Миколаївській областях. Розраховано середній темп приросту показників поширення, який склав 7,4 % щорічно. Проаналізовано структуру вікового розподілу захворювання, так у період 2013–2017 рр. на доросле населення припадало 98,78 % від усіх випадків, 0,31 % — на підлітків 15 –17 років і 0,92 % — на дітей від 0 до 14 років відповідно. Серед дітей віком 0–14 років визначено приріст випадків хронічного ГС на 13,25 %.
Висновки. Встановлено тенденція зростання кількості випадків хронічного ГС в період 2013–2017 рр., визначено виражене збільшення питомої ваги хронічного ГС серед усіх випадків захворювань України. В усіх регіонах спостерігається зростання кількості випадків даного захворювання. Особливу увагу слід приділити регіонам з високими показниками поширення та з високими темпами росту даного захворювання. Вакцини проти ГС не існує, отже основні зусилля необхідно зосередити на профілактиці, діагностиці та лікуванні даного захворювання. У зв’язку з цим все більшої значущості набуває розробка шляхів вдосконалення комплексного надання якісної медичної та ефективної фармацевтичної допомоги хворим на ГС.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНАТОМІЧНИХ ОЗНАК ПЛОДІВ МОРКВИ ДИКОЇ ТА МОРКВИ ПОСІВНОЇ
Authors: Kyslychenko O. A. , Sokolova O. O. , Kotov A. H. , Protska V. V. , Zhuravel I. O. , Kotova E. E. 
Published: July 2019

Мета роботи. Дослідження анатомічної будови та встановлення основних діагностичних ознак шліфованих та нешліфованих плодів моркви дикої та моркви посівної.
Матеріали і методи. Досліджували 10 серій нешліфованих плодів моркви дикої та моркви посівної, а також 5 серій шліфованих плодів моркви посівної. Мікропрепарати готували відповідно до загальних правил.
Результати й обговорення. Як основні анатомічні діагностичні ознаки нешліфованих плодів моркви дикої та моркви посівної обрано наявність чотирьох виступаючих ребер на опуклому та двох на внутрішньому боці мерикарпію, простих одноклітинних волосків із бородавчастою поверхнею. На мікропрепаратах шліфованих плодів моркви посівної виявлено фрагменти цих структур, що може бути пов’язано з особливостями їх заготівлі. Спільними діагностичними ознаками для усіх зразків було наявність чотирьох округло-трикутних канальців в головних ребрах і двох овальних на увігнутій стороні мерикарпію, наявність в ендоспермі клітин з алейроновими зернами, друзами та поодинокими кристалами кальцію оксалату.
Висновки. Результати дослідження анатомічної будови плодів моркви дикої та моркви посівної використані при розробці проекту розділу «Ідентифікація В» національної частини монографії «Моркви дикої плодиN».
Widespread Translational Control of Fibrosis in the Human Heart by RNA-Binding Proteins
Authors: Chothani Sonia , Schäfer Sebastian , Adami Eleonora , Viswanathan Sivakumar , Widjaja Anissa A. , Langley Sarah R. , Tan Jessie , Wang Mao , Quaife Nicholas M. , Jian Pua Chee , D’Agostino Giuseppe , Guna Shekeran Shamini , George Benjamin L. , Lim Stella , Yiqun Cao Elaine , van Heesch Sebastiaan , Witte Franziska , Felkin Leanne E. , Christodoulou Eleni G. , Dong Jinrui , Blachut Susanne , Patone Giannino , Barton Paul J.R. , Hubner Norbert , Cook Stuart A. , Rackham Owen J.L. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Fibrosis is a common pathology in many cardiac disorders and is driven by the activation of resident fibroblasts. The global posttranscriptional mechanisms underlying fibroblast-to-myofibroblast conversion in the heart have not been explored.

Methods:
Genome-wide changes of RNA transcription and translation during human cardiac fibroblast activation were monitored with RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling. We then used RNA-binding protein-based analyses to identify translational regulators of fibrogenic genes. The integration with cardiac ribosome occupancy levels of 30 dilated cardiomyopathy patients demonstrates that these posttranscriptional mechanisms are also active in the diseased fibrotic human heart.

Results:

We generated nucleotide-resolution translatome data during the transforming growth factor β1-driven cellular transition of human cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. This identified dynamic changes of RNA transcription and translation at several time points during the fibrotic response, revealing transient and early-responder genes. Remarkably, about one-third of all changes in gene expression in activated fibroblasts are subject to translational regulation, and dynamic variation in ribosome occupancy affects protein abundance independent of RNA levels. Targets of RNA-binding proteins were strongly enriched in posttranscriptionally regulated genes, suggesting genes such as
MBNL2
can act as translational activators or repressors. Ribosome occupancy in the hearts of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy suggested the same posttranscriptional regulatory network was underlying cardiac fibrosis. Key network hubs include RNA-binding proteins such as Pumilio RNA binding family member 2 (
PUM2
) and Quaking (
QKI
) that work in concert to regulate the translation of target transcripts in human diseased hearts. Furthermore, silencing of both
PUM2
and
QKI
inhibits the transition of fibroblasts toward profibrotic myofibroblasts in response to transforming growth factor β1.

Conclusions:
We reveal widespread translational effects of transforming growth factor β1 and define novel posttranscriptional regulatory networks that control the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. These networks are active in human heart disease, and silencing of hub genes limits fibroblast activation. Our findings show the central importance of translational control in fibrosis and highlight novel pathogenic mechanisms in heart failure.
Acute Effects on Blood Pressure Following Controlled Exposure to Cookstove Air Pollution in the STOVES Study
Authors: Fedak Kristen M. , Good Nicholas , Walker Ethan S. , Balmes John , Brook Robert D. , Clark Maggie L. , Cole‐Hunter Tom , Devlin Robert , L'Orange Christian , Luckasen Gary , Mehaffy John , Shelton Rhiannon , Wilson Ander , Volckens John , Peel Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2019

Background

Exposure to air pollution from solid fuel used in residential cookstoves is considered a leading environmental risk factor for disease globally, but evidence for this relationship is largely extrapolated from literature on smoking, secondhand smoke, and ambient fine particulate matter (
PM
2.5
).

Methods and Results

We conducted a controlled human‐exposure study (STOVES [the Subclinical Tests on Volunteers Exposed to Smoke] Study) to investigate acute responses in blood pressure following exposure to air pollution emissions from cookstove technologies. Forty‐eight healthy adults received 2‐hour exposures to 5 cookstove treatments (three stone fire, rocket elbow, fan rocket elbow, gasifier, and liquefied petroleum gas), spanning
PM
2.5
concentrations from 10 to 500 μg/m
3
, and a filtered air control (0 μg/m
3
). Thirty minutes after exposure, systolic pressure was lower for the three stone fire treatment (500 μg/m
3
PM
2.5
) compared with the control (−2.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, −4.5 to −0.1) and suggestively lower for the gasifier (35 μg/m
3
PM
2.5
; −1.8 mm Hg; 95%
CI
, −4.0 to 0.4). No differences were observed at 3 hours after exposure; however, at 24 hours after exposure, mean systolic pressure was 2 to 3 mm Hg higher for all treatments compared with control except for the rocket elbow stove. No differences were observed in diastolic pressure for any time point or treatment.

Conclusions

Short‐term exposure to air pollution from cookstoves can elicit an increase in systolic pressure within 24 hours. This response occurred across a range of stove types and
PM
2.5
concentrations, raising concern that even low‐level exposures to cookstove air pollution may pose adverse cardiovascular effects.
Dynamics of ITCZ Width: Ekman Processes, Non-Ekman Processes, and Links to Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Byrne Michael P. , Thomas Rhidian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The dynamical processes controlling the width of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) are investigated using idealized and CMIP5 simulations. ITCZ width is defined in terms of boundary layer vertical velocity. The tropical boundary layer is approximately in Ekman balance, suggesting that wind stress places a strong constraint on ITCZ width. A scaling based on Ekman balance predicts that ITCZ width is proportional to the wind stress and inversely proportional to its meridional gradient. A toy model of an Ekman boundary layer illustrates the effects of wind stress perturbations on ITCZ width. A westerly wind perturbation widens the ITCZ whereas an easterly perturbation narrows the ITCZ. Multiplying the wind stress by a constant factor does not shift the ITCZ edge, but ITCZ width is sensitive to the latitude of maximum wind stress. Scalings based on Ekman balance cannot fully capture the behavior of ITCZ width across simulations, suggesting that non-Ekman dynamical processes need to be accounted for. An alternative scaling based on the full momentum budget explains variations in ITCZ width and highlights the importance of horizontal and vertical momentum advection. Scalings are also introduced linking ITCZ width to surface temperature. An extension to Lindzen–Nigam theory predicts that ITCZ width scales with the latitude where the Laplacian of SST is zero. The supercriticality theory of Emanuel is also invoked to show that ITCZ width is dynamically linked to boundary layer moist entropy gradients. The results establish a dynamical understanding of ITCZ width that can be applied to interpret persistent ITCZ biases in climate models and the response of tropical precipitation to climate change.
Climatology and Trends in Hourly Precipitation for the Southeast United States
Authors: Brown Vincent M. , Keim Barry D. , Black Alan W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis research introduces a climatology of hourly precipitation characteristics, investigates trends in precipitation hours (PH) and hourly accumulation, and uses four different time series to determine if precipitation intensity is changing across the southeastern United States from 1960 to 2017. Results indicate hourly intensity significantly increased at 44% (22/50) of the stations, accompanied by an increase in average hourly accumulation at 40% of the sites analyzed (20/50). The average duration of precipitation events decreased at 82% (41/50) of the stations. However, the frequency of 90th percentile hourly events and events above station-specific average hourly totals did not show a broad increase similar to hourly intensity. It seems hourly events are becoming heavier on average, while the duration of the average precipitation event is decreasing. Geographically, heavy hourly events are more frequent along the Gulf Coast and decrease inland. PH significantly decreased across South Carolina, Georgia, and northern Florida, mainly due to significant decreases in winter (DJF) and spring (MAM). Decreases in PH during spring were contained to Georgia and South Carolina and were accompanied by a decrease in accumulation. Decreases in PH during winter were more widespread and did not exhibit a broad decrease in accumulation, suggesting winter precipitation across that portion of the region is becoming more intense.
Role of Reflux in Tracheoesophageal Fistula Problems after Laryngectomy
Authors: Lorenz Kai J. , Grieser Laura , Ehrhart Theresa , Maier Heinz 
Published: July 2019

Objectives The purpose of this 2-year prospective nonrandomized study was to investigate the relationship between pathological supraesophageal reflux and the occurrence of speech fistula complications, especially severe fistula enlargement, in patients who underwent total laryngectomy and prosthetic voice restoration. Methods We objectively assessed the presence of reflux disease using 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring in 60 laryngectomized patients, correlated the incidence of tracheoesophageal fistula complications with the severity of reflux, and assessed the risk of problems by determining the absolute number of reflux events at the level of the speech fistula, the reflux area index score, and the DeMeester score. Results All patients with fistula enlargement showed highly pathological results in the diagnostic tests for reflux disease. Depending on reflux severity, the relative risk of developing fistula complications was up to 10 times higher for these patients. Conclusions We found a significant correlation between the occurrence of tracheoesophageal fistula complications and the severity of supraesophageal reflux. Potential chronic irritation of the esophageal and tracheal mucosa can possibly contribute to the development of these problems. If the presence of reflux disease has been confirmed by 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring, patients with fistula complications should be treated with proton pump inhibitors.
Anatomic Risk Factors for Focal Cartilage Lesions in the Patella and Trochlea: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ambra Luiz Felipe , Hinckel Betina B. , Arendt Elizabeth A. , Farr Jack , Gomoll Andreas H. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Focal cartilage lesions in the patellofemoral (PF) joint are common. Several studies correlated PF risk factors with PF instability, anterior knee pain, and PF arthritis; however, there is a lack of evidence correlating those factors to PF focal cartilage lesions. Purpose: To evaluate the influence of the anatomic PF risk factors in patients with isolated focal PF cartilage lesions. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients with isolated PF focal cartilage lesions were included in the cartilage lesion group, and patients with other pathologies and normal PF cartilage were included in the control group. Multiple PF risk factors were accessed on magnetic resonance imaging scans: patellar morphology (patellar width, patellar thickness, and patellar angle), trochlear morphology (trochlear sulcus angle, lateral condyle index, and trochlear sulcus depth), patellar height (Insall-Salvati ratio and Caton-Deschamps index), axial patellar positioning (patellar tilt, angle of Fulkerson), and quadriceps vector (tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove distance). Results: A total of 135 patients were included in the cartilage lesion group and 100 in the control group. As compared with the control group, the cartilage lesion group had a higher sulcus angle ( P = .0007), lower trochlear sulcus depth ( P < .0001), lower angle of Fulkerson ( P < .0001), lower patellar width ( P = .0003), and higher Insall-Salvati ratio ( P < .0001). From the patients in the cartilage lesion group, 36% had trochlear dysplasia; 27.6%, patella alta; and 24.7%, abnormal patellar tilt. These parameters were more frequent in the cartilage lesion group ( P < .0001). Trochlear lesions were more frequent in men, presented at an older age, and had fewer associated anatomic risk factors. Patellar lesions, conversely, were more frequent in women, presented at younger age, and were more closely associated with anatomic risk factors. Conclusion: PF anatomic abnormalities are significantly more common in patients with full-thickness PF cartilage lesions. Trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, and excessive lateral patellar tilt are the most common correlated factors, especially in patellar lesions.
Likelihood of Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines of Veterans Who Are Obese by Disability Status
Authors: Vasudevan Vijay , Bouldin Erin , Bloodworth Shannon , Rocafort Linda 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the likelihood of meeting the physical activity guidelines in veterans who are obese by disability status. Design: We used data from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a cross-sectional telephone survey. The mean response rate was 44.9%. Setting: Respondents came from all 50 states, District of Columbia, and 3 US territories. Patients: Respondents included veterans self-reporting being obese (N = 13 798). Measures: We created a mutually exclusive disability variable: no disability, multiple disability, and limitations only with hearing, vision, cognitive, mobility, Activities of Daily Living, or Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Physical activity guidelines were defined as 150 minutes/week of aerobic activity and 2 days/week of strength activities. Analysis: Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated by performing separate log-binomial regression models for meeting strength and aerobic recommendations on veterans who were obese. Results: Obese veterans with mobility limitations only or multiple disabilities were significantly less likely to meet the aerobic (PR = 0.74, P = .002 and PR = .62, P = .021, respectively) or strength (PR = .76, P < .001 and PR = 0.74, P < .001, respectively) recommendations, compared to not having a disability (n = 7964). Conclusions: Inactivity could be explained by a lack of inclusive weight loss programs for veterans with disabilities and barriers to physical activity encountered by people with disabilities. Two primary limitations of this study are self-report of obesity and physical activity and exclusion of adults in institutional settings.
Validation of the Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment short form (KICA-screen) for telehealth
Authors: Russell Sarah , Quigley Rachel , Strivens Edward , Miller Gavin , Norrie Joan , Craig Denise , Jordan Jane , Muller Reinhold 
Published: July 2019

Introduction Studies show Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are at increased risk of dementia. Whilst there have been several studies evaluating the use of telehealth for improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health outcomes, and studies validating telehealth dementia screening tools for the wider community, none have addressed the pressing need for culturally appropriate telehealth dementia screening for this at-risk population. The aim of the study was to examine the utility of using a culturally appropriate dementia screening tool (KICA-screen) in a telehealth setting. Methods A prospective field trial was used to compare administration of the short version of the Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA-screen) face-to-face and via telehealth. A total of 33 medically stable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander inpatients/outpatients participated. The stability of the KICA-screen scores, administered face-to-face and via telehealth, for each participant was measured. Results The two test delivery methods showed not only good correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.851; p < 0.01) but good agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.85; p < 0.01). Discussion Results of the assessment showed that KICA-screen can be reliably administered via videoconference and resulted in comparable scores to face-to-face testing in the majority of cases. The telehealth process was acceptable to participants, who were able to understand the process and complete the full screen remotely.
Feline immunodeficiency virus in Northern Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Bruno Marques , Taniwaki Sueli Akemi , Menezes Poliana Marisa Miranda , Rodrigues Ana Kétylla Ponte Prado , Mouta Andressa Nunes , Arcebispo Thiago Luiz Mendes , Braz Gissandra Farias , da Cruz Juliano Cezar Minardi , Brandão Paulo Eduardo , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Silva Marcos Xavier , Hosie Margaret J 
Published: July 2019

Objectives The objectives of this study were to confirm the prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in domestic cats in the region north of Ceará, Brazil, and to determine the factors associated with infection and the major circulating subtypes of the virus in this area. Methods Samples from 148 cats were collected and tested using anti-FIV antibody screening, with confirmation of positive results by PCR. Univariate analysis was performed considering the epidemiological characteristics and FIV status. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the gag and pol genes were performed to confirm the FIV subtype. Results Nine cats (6.1%) tested positive for FIV – one female (0.7%) and eight males (5.4%). Male cats were significantly more likely to be infected ( P <0.05). Phylogenetic analysis of gag and pol gene sequences indicated that the FIV isolates circulating in the study area belonged to subtype B. Conclusions and relevance In this study, we demonstrated a low prevalence for FIV in the northwest of Ceará, north-eastern Brazil. Male sex is a significant risk factor for FIV infection and the best predictive factor for FIV status. All isolates examined in this study clustered within subtype B, which is the predominant subtype in Brazil. This is the first report of genetic characterization of FIV in the state of Ceará, Brazil.