bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shootins mediate collective cell migration and organogenesis of the zebrafish posterior lateral line system
Authors: Urasaki Akihiro , Morishita Seiya , Naka Kosuke , Uozumi Minato , Abe Kouki , Huang Liguo , Watase Emiko , Nakagawa Osamu , Kawakami Koichi , Matsui Takaaki , Bessho Yasumasa , Inagaki Naoyuki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe zebrafish sensory posterior lateral line is an excellent model system to study collective cell migration and organogenesis. Shootin1 is a cytoplasmic protein involved in neuronal polarization and axon guidance. Previous studies have shown that shootin1 couples actin filament retrograde flow with extracellular adhesive substrates at the leading edge of axonal growth cones, thereby producing mechanical force for the migration and guidance of axonal growth cones. However, the functions of shootin in peripheral cells remain unknown. Here we identified two novel shootin family members, shootin2 and shootin3. In zebrafish, shootin1 and shootin3 are expressed in the posterior lateral line primordium (PLLP) and neuromasts during embryonic development. A shootin1 mutant displayed a reduced speed of PLLP migration, while shootin1;shootin3 double mutation inhibited cell proliferation in the PLLP. Furthermore, our results suggest that shootin1 and shootin3 positively regulate the number of neuromasts and the number of cells in deposited neuromasts. Our study demonstrates that shootins mediate collective cell migration of the posterior lateral line primordium and formation of neuromasts in zebrafish.
Analysis of Choroidal Vascularity in Children with Unilateral Hyperopic Amblyopia
Authors: Baek Jiwon , Lee Anna , Chu Miyoung , Kang Nam Yeo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis institutional case control study was carried out to compare choroidal vascularity (CV) in amblyopic eyes, fellow eyes, and control eyes in children with unilateral hyperopic amblyopia. Sixty-four eyes of 32 childeren with unilateral anisometropic hyperopic amblyopia and 38 eyes of 19 healthy children (controls), aged 3 to 16 years. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) and CV were measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The mean subfoveal CT of amblyopic eyes (338.9 ± 60.0 μm) was greater than that of fellow eyes (315.3 ± 63.3 μm, P = 0.043) and control eyes (313.0 ± 42.1 μm, P = 0.025). The mean CV of amblyopic eyes (0.715 ± 0.020) was greater than that of control eyes (0.700 ± 0.020, P < 0.001). While a positive correlation between CT and CV was found in normal eyes (r = 0.470, P = 0.004), a strong negative correlation existed in amblyopic eyes (r = −0.684, P < 0.001). In conclusion, although mean CV was higher in amblyopic eyes, the negative correlation between CT and CV may suggests insufficient blood supply to the outer retina and choroid in the affected eyes of patients with unilateral anisometropic hyperopic amblyopia.
Predictive and Prognostic Value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake Combined with Thymidylate Synthase Expression in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Moon Seung Hwan , Sun Jong-Mu , Ahn Jin Seok , Park Keunchil , Kim Byung-Tae , Lee Kyung-Han , Ahn Myung-Ju , Choi Joon Young 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between tumor 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans and thymidylate synthase (TS) expression. In addition, we evaluated the value of FDG uptake in predicting treatment response and prognosis when combined with TS expression in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We measured the maximum standard uptake value, metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of tumor lesions on pretreatment scan in 234 patients (age: 60.1 ± 9.4 years; males: 56.4%) with stage IV non-squamous NSCLC who were enrolled in the prospective phase II clinical trial. We investigated the correlation of the parameters with TS expression and the predictive values of the parameters compared with other clinical factors. Among these parameters, TLG was the most relevant parameter that had a significant correlation with TS expression (ρ = 0.192, P = 0.008). A multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model revealed that high TLG was a significant independent predictor for treatment response (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.05; P = 0.027), progression-free survival (HR: 1.39; P = 0.043), and overall survival (HR: 1.65; P = 0.035) with other factors. In patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC, tumor TLG on pretreatment PET/CT scan has predictive and prognostic value.
Effect of comprehensive initial training on the variability of left ventricular measures using fast-SENC cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lapinskas Tomas , Hireche-Chikaoui Hanane , Zieschang Victoria , Erley Jennifer , Stehning Christian , Gebker Rolf , Giusca Sorin , Korosoglou Grigorios , Zaliunas Remigijus , Backhaus Sören Jan , Schuster Andreas , Pieske Burkert , Kelle Sebastian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is becoming the imaging modality of choice in multicenter studies where highly reproducible measurements are necessary. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of comprehensive initial training on reproducibility of quantitative left ventricular (LV) parameters estimated using strain-encoded (SENC) imaging. Thirty participants (10 patients with heart failure (HF) and preserved LV ejection fraction (HFpEF), 10 patients with HF and reduced LV ejection fraction (HFrEF) and 10 healthy volunteers) were examined using fast-SENC imaging. Four observers with different experience in non-invasive cardiac imaging completed comprehensive initial training course and were invited to perform CMR data analysis. To assess agreement between observers, LV volumes, mass, ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) were estimated using dedicated software (MyoStrain, USA). To test intraobserver agreement data analysis was repeated after 4 weeks. SENC imaging and analysis were fast and were completed in less than 5 minutes. LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi), LVEF and strain were significantly lower in HFpEF patients than in healthy volunteers (p = 0.019 for LVEDVi; p = 0.023 for LVEF; p = 0.004 for GLS and p < 0.001 for GCS). All LV functional parameters were further reduced in HFrEF. Excellent interobserver agreement was found for all LV parameters independently of the level of experience. The reproducibility of LV mass was lower, especially at the intraobserver level (ICC 0.91; 95% CI 0.74–0.96). LV volumetric and functional parameters derived using fast-SENC imaging, are highly reproducible. The appropriate initial training is relevant and allows to achieve highest concordance in fast-SENC measurements.
Isosteviol Sodium Protects against Ischemic Stroke by Modulating Microglia/Macrophage Polarization via Disruption of GAS5/miR-146a-5p sponge
Authors: Zhang Hao , Lu Minyi , Zhang Xiaofeng , Kuai Yihe , Mei Ying , Tan Qiwen , Zhong Kailun , Sun Xiaoou , Tan Wen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent studies have shown that transforming microglia phenotype from pro-inflammation of M1 phenotype to anti-inflammation and tissue-repairing M2 phenotype may be an effective therapeutic strategy for preventing ischemic stroke brain injury. Isosteviol Sodium (STV-Na) has shown promise as a neuroprotective agent in cerebral ischemia model, although its effect on microglial polarization and chronic recovery after stroke is not clear. Here, we demonstrated that STV-Na treatment significantly reduced cerebral ischemic damage at both acute and chronic time points. STV-Na has a profound regulatory effect on microglia response after stroke. It can promote M2 polarization and inhibit microglia-mediated inflammation (M1) response following stroke in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we also found that Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) altered OGD/R-induced microglial activation by increasing Notch1 expression via miR-146a-5p, the mRNA level of GAS5 and the protein level of Notch1 in vivo and in vitro, were discovered that both downgraded with STV-Na. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that STV-Na exerted neuroprotective effects by modulating microglia/macrophage polarization in ischemic stroke via the GAS5/miR-146a-5p sponge. These findings provide new evidence that targeting STV-Na could be a treatment for the prevention of stroke-related brain damage.
Translating clinical trial results into personalized recommendations by considering multiple outcomes and subjective views
Authors: Dagan Noa , Cohen-Stavi Chandra J. , Avgil Tsadok Meytal , Leibowitz Morton , Hoshen Moshe , Karpati Tomas , Akriv Amichay , Gofer Ilan , Gilutz Harel , Podjarny Eduardo , Bachmat Eitan , Balicer Ran D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCurrently, clinicians rely mostly on population-level treatment effects from RCTs, usually considering the treatment's benefits. This study proposes a process, focused on practical usability, for translating RCT data into personalized treatment recommendations that weighs benefits against harms and integrates subjective perceptions of relative severity. Intensive blood pressure treatment (IBPT) was selected as the test case to demonstrate the suggested process, which was divided into three phases: (1) Prediction models were developed using the Systolic Blood-Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) data for benefits and adverse events of IBPT. The models were externally validated using retrospective Clalit Health Services (CHS) data; (2) Predicted risk reductions and increases from these models were used to create a yes/no IBPT recommendation by calculating a severity-weighted benefit-to-harm ratio; (3) Analysis outputs were summarized in a decision support tool. Based on the individual benefit-to-harm ratios, 62 and 84% of the SPRINT and CHS populations, respectively, would theoretically be recommended IBPT. The original SPRINT trial results of significant decrease in cardiovascular outcomes following IBPT persisted only in the group that received a “yes-treatment” recommendation by the suggested process, while the rate of serious adverse events was slightly higher in the "no-treatment" recommendation group. This process can be used to translate RCT data into individualized recommendations by identifying patients for whom the treatment’s benefits outweigh the harms, while considering subjective views of perceived severity of the different outcomes. The proposed approach emphasizes clinical practicality by mimicking physicians’ clinical decision-making process and integrating all recommendation outputs into a usable decision support tool.
A comparison between solar plage and network properties
Authors: Buehler D. , Lagg A. , van Noort M. , Solanki S. K. 
Published: August 2019

Aims. We compare the properties of kG magnetic structures in the solar network and in active region plage at high spatial resolution.
Methods. Our analysis used six SP scans of the solar disc centre aboard Hinode SOT and inverted the obtained spectra of the photospheric 6302 Å line pair using the 2D SPINOR code.
Results. Photospheric magnetic field concentrations in network and plage areas are on average 1.5 kG strong with inclinations of 10° −20°, and have < 400 m s−1 internal and 2−3 km s−1 external downflows. At the disc centre, the continuum intensity of magnetic field concentrations in the network are on average 10% brighter than the mean quiet Sun, whilst their plage counterparts are 3% darker. A more detailed analysis revealed that all sizes of individual kG patches in the network have 150 G higher field strengths on average, 5% higher continuum contrasts, and 800 m s−1 faster surrounding downflows than similarly sized patches in the plage. The speed of the surrounding downflows also correlates with the patch area, and patches containing pores can produce supersonic flows exceeding 11 km s−1 in individual pixels. Furthermore, the magnetic canopies of kG patches are on average 9° more horizontal in the plage compared to the network.
Conclusions. Most of the differences between the network and plage are due to their different patch size distributions, but the intrinsic differences between similarly sized patches likely results from the modification of the convection photospheric convection with increasing amounts of magnetic flux.
Haptics democratization: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Iacob Robert , Popescu Diana 
Published: August 2019

The sense of touch is an important means of communicating and exchanging information primarily between people and between people and the environment, from the very first years of life. Nowadays, researches and technology advances in different domains make use of touch, man-computer communication and interaction throughout immersive simulation environments being also facilitated and enhanced by the kinesthetic technology.
The importance of haptic feedback for different applications is already a proved fact. However, it is still underrepresented in the everyday computer interfaces, mainly due to a current unfavourable compromise between price and user’s experience quality. That is, even if many haptic devices are available, they are either prohibitive in term of price, if provide high quality, or they are inexpensive and offer low realism haptic effects. Currently, there is no real intermediate device, and no device that can provide hardware upgrade according to users’ needs.
In this context, this paper provides an analysis of existing haptic equipment, both prototypes and commercially available devices, and presents different approaches used in haptic-based scenarios. On this basis, a critical set of requirements for a new type of haptic device are inferred. It could represent an innovative and affordable solution for a larger range of potential users: engineers, physicists, trainers, designers, researchers, as well as hobbyists.
Die frühe Entwicklung der Bluttransfusion und ihre Anwendung im Ersten Weltkrieg
Authors: Müllerschön André 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Entdeckung des Blutkreislaufs durch William Harvey im Jahr 1628 förderte experimentelle Versuche von Blutübertragungen. Über die Frage des zu transfundierenden Blutes gab es in der Folgezeit immer wieder wissenschaftliche Dispute. War das 17. Jahrhundert geprägt von der Überleitung unbehandelten Tierblutes, vertraten einige Ärzte ab Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts die Ansicht, ausschließlich defibriniertes Blut sei zu übertragen. Kurz vor Ausbruch des Deutsch-Französischen Krieges wurden verschiedene Überlegungen zur militärmedizinischen Nutzung der Bluttransfusion diskutiert, die wiederum zu einer Renaissance der Tierbluttransfusion führten. Die Entdeckung der Blutgruppen durch Karl Landsteiner im Jahr 1901 gilt als Übergang zur serologischen Ära der Transfusion, auch wenn diese – aus heutiger Sicht – bahnbrechende Erkenntnis in der wissenschaftlichen Welt zunächst wenig Beachtung fand. Der Erste Weltkrieg mit seiner enormen Anzahl von Schwerstverwundeten förderte die Entwicklung der Transfusion nachhaltig. Während auf deutscher Seite anfangs die direkte Übertragung am verbreitetsten war, bestritten die alliierten Streitkräfte mit der Verwendung von konserviertem Zitratblut einen gänzlich anderen Weg. Mit der erstmaligen Bevorratung von Konserven unmittelbar in der Nähe des Kampfgeschehens im November 1917 war die Idee einer Blutbank geboren. Bewertet man die Blutübertragung während des Ersten Weltkriegs rückblickend aus ethischer Sicht, so bleibt festzustellen, dass sie heutigen medizinethischen Standards nicht standhält und in gewisser Weise Versuchen an Menschen gleichgesetzt werden kann.
Gentherapie von Hämoglobinkrankheiten – aktuelle Konzepte und Herausforderungen
Authors: Kulozik Andreas E. , Kunz Joachim 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie β-Thalassämien und die Sichelzellerkrankung sind weltweit die häufigsten Einzelgendefekte, die konventionell nur durch eine lebenslang erforderliche Supportivtherapie oder kurativ mittels allogener Stammzelltransplantation behandelbar sind. Aktuell werden Gentherapiestrategien entwickelt, die nach Transduktion von hämatopoetischen Stammzellen durch lentivirale Vektoren zu einer Expression eines therapeutischen β-Globin-Gens oder zur therapeutischen Reexpression der fetalen Globinsynthese und damit des fetalen Hämoglobins (HbF) führen. Für die β-Thalassämie hat die Genadditionstherapie für eine ausgewählte Gruppe von Patientinnen und Patienten mit transfusionsbedürftiger Non-β0-Thalassaemia major nach konditionaler Zulassung durch die European Medicines Agency (EMA) im Juni 2019 einen ersten Grad klinischer Reife erreicht. In dieser Übersicht diskutieren wir darüber hinaus die Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen von Genomeditierungsstrategien für die Hämoglobinkrankheiten, insbesondere durch Inaktivierung von BCL11A, des zentralen Inhibitors der postnatalen fetalen Hämoglobinsynthese. Insgesamt verspricht die Entwicklung der Gentherapie für die Hämoglobinkrankheiten eine relevante Chance für diese, auch in Deutschland zahlreicher werdenden Gruppe von Patientinnen und Patienten mit schweren, sowohl Lebensqualität als auch Lebenserwartung erheblich einschränkenden Erkrankungen.
Remarkable frequency of a history of liver disease in dogs
fed homemade diets with buckwheat
Authors: Lineva Anna , Tavčar Benković Eva , Kreft Samo , Kienzle Ellen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective In our nutrition consultation service we observed liver disease
in 2 dogs of one owner who was feeding buckwheat. This led to the hypothesis
that buckwheat may cause problems. The present retrospective study in a German
and a Russian nutrition consultation service was carried out to see whether
there is an increased incidence of liver disease in dogs fed buckwheat.
Materials and methods A retrospective study was carried out on the
nutrition consultation cases of the Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, LMU
Munich and a Russian nutrition consultant. All cases of dogs with buckwheat in
their nutritional history were evaluated and compared with randomly selected
dogs that had not been fed buckwheat from the same case set. Two German and
1 Russian buckwheat samples were compared (appearance, nutrient content, starch
gelatinization, flavonoids, fagopyrin) as well as cooking methods.
Results In the years 2007–2017, 34 cases of dogs fed buckwheat were
identified in Germany and 57 in Russia. Eighty-five control cases in Germany and
48 in Russia were evaluated. In Germany, the incidence of liver disease in dogs
fed buckwheat was 32 %, while that of the control group was 3.5 %. However, in
Russia there was no significant difference between dogs fed buckwheat and
control dogs. The appearance of the German and Russian buckwheat differed, with
smaller seeds and more greenish colour in the German specimens while the Russian
buckwheat presented larger and more brownish seeds. There was no difference in
the analyses of the 3 buckwheat samples in crude nutrient and rutin content.
Quercetin, quercitrin and fagopyrin were not detectable in all three samples.
The degree of starch gelatinization in the Russian sample was higher than in the
German. In Russia it is recommended to remove the reddish scum during boiling
whereas this is rarely mentioned in Germany.
Conclusion and clinical significance German buckwheat may represent a risk
in canine diets. With the difference remaining unclear, it is recommended to
refrain from feeding buckwheat to dogs. In dogs fed homemade diets and suffering
from liver disease, buckwheat should be considered in the nutrition history.
Eine einfache Methode zum Ausschluss unzureichender
Phosphorverdaulichkeit bei wachsenden Schweinen
Authors: Böswald Linda , Kienzle Ellen 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Speziesunterschiede im Kalzium- und
Phosphorstoffwechsel lassen sich quantitativ über die Berechnung der
Kalzium/Phosphor-Quotienten in Futter und Kot darstellen. In der vorliegenden
Meta-Analyse wurde überprüft, ob auf diese Weise eine Aussage zur
Phosphorverdaulichkeit bei wachsenden Schweinen getroffen werden kann, um einen
möglichst einfachen Prüfparameter zu definieren. Dies ist in Fällen sinnvoll, in
denen trotz adäquater Kalzium- und Phosphorgehalte des Futters der Verdacht auf
einen Phosphormangel besteht.
Material und Methoden Es wurden 34 Studien mit phytasesupplementierten
Rationen (PHYT; Datensätze n = 110) und entsprechenden Kontrollrationen (CON;
Datensätze n = 106) anhand der Parameter Kalzium- und Phosphoraufnahme, fäkale
Kalzium- und Phosphorausscheidung und der jeweiligen scheinbaren Verdaulichkeit
ausgewertet. Für beide Mineralien kam ein modifizierter Lucas-Test zur
Anwendung, indem eine Regressionsberechnung von fäkaler Ausscheidung gegen
Aufnahme (beides in mg/kg KM0,75) durchgeführt wurde.
Ergebnisse Der Lucas-Test zeigte keinen signifikanten Unterschied der
fäkalen Kalziumausscheidung zwischen PHYT und CON (p = 0,29), während der in der
Literatur vielfach beschriebene positive Effekt der Phytase auf die
Phosphorverdaulichkeit sehr deutlich wurde (p < 0,01). Die fäkalen
Kalzium/Phosphor-Quotienten aller Datensätze wurden berechnet und gruppiert, und
zwar nach der Körpermasse (KM) der Tiere sowie der scheinbaren
Phosphorverdaulichkeit (KM ≤ 30 kg: scheinbare Phosphorverdaulichkeit ≤ 60 % und
> 60 %; KM > 30 kg: scheinbare Phosphorverdaulichkeit ≤ 40 % und > 40
%).
Schlussfolgerung Aus der Datenverteilung im Box Plot kann – unter der
Voraussetzung eines Kalzium/Phosphor-Verhältnisses im Futter von ≥ 1,2 – bei
einem fäkalen Kalzium/Phosphor-Quotienten von > 1,5 (für Schweine ≤ 30 kg KM)
bzw. > 1,2 (für Schweine > 30 kg KM) auf eine hohe scheinbare
Phosphorverdaulichkeit von über 60 % bzw. 40 % geschlossen werden.
Klinische Relevanz Werden in Kotproben Kalzium/Phosphor-Quotienten über
diesen Schwellenwerten erreicht, ist eine schlechte Phosphorverdaulichkeit somit
unwahrscheinlich. Bei fäkalen Kalzium/Phosphor-Quotienten unterhalb dieser
„Grenzwerte“ ist keine Einschätzung der Phosphorverdaulichkeit möglich.