bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barents Sea thermal frontal zones in 1960–2017: variability, weakening, shifting
Authors: Ivshin Viktor A , Trofimov Alexander G , Titov Oleg V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses our research on the interannual variability in the Barents Sea thermal frontal zones. The extent of the frontal zones and their mean temperature gradients at 50 m depth in August–September 1960–2017 were estimated for an area between 73–78°N and 15–43°E, where the frontal zones are more evident. Thermal frontal zones were identified in areas where temperature gradients exceeded 0.04°C km−1. Since the beginning of this century, the extent of the frontal zones has been decreasing and temperature gradients have been weakening. From the 1960s to the 2010s, the decadal mean centroids of thermal frontal zones shifted northeastwards by 150 km.
Guidance for Studies Evaluating the Accuracy of Biomarker-Based Nonsputum Tests to Diagnose Tuberculosis
Authors: Drain Paul K , Gardiner Jennifer , Hannah Haylea , Broger Tobias , Dheda Keertan , Fielding Katherine , Walzl Gerhard , Kaforou Myrsini , Kranzer Katharina , Joosten Simone A , Gilpin Christopher , Weyer Karin , Denkinger Claudia M , Schumacher Samuel G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The World Health Organization’s (WHO) “End TB” strategy calls for development and implementation of novel tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics. Sputum-based diagnostics are challenging to implement and often less sensitive in high-priority populations. Nonsputum, biomarker-based tests may facilitate TB testing at lower levels of the healthcare system, accelerate treatment initiation, and improve outcomes. We provide guidance on the design of diagnostic accuracy studies evaluating nonsputum, biomarker-based tests within the context of WHO’s target product profile for such tests. Study designs should account for the intended use when choosing the study population, setting, and reference standards. Although adults with respiratory symptoms may be an initial target population, other high-priority populations regardless of symptoms—including people living with human immunodeficiency virus, those unable to produce sputum samples or with extrapulmonary TB, household contacts, and children—should be considered. Studies beyond diagnostic accuracy that evaluate feasibility and population-level impacts are also needed. A biomarker-based diagnostic may be critical to ending the TB epidemic, but requires appropriate validation before implementation.
Acute kidney injury after platinum-based transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and transarterial infusion chemotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hayashi Manabu , Abe Kazumichi , Fujita Masashi , Okai Ken , Takahashi Atsushi , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundsThe incidence of acute kidney injury and the association between acute kidney injury and prognosis have been reported about transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using anthracycline. However, the incidence of acute kidney injury after platinum-based transarterial chemoembolization or transarterial infusion chemotherapy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate association between acute kidney injury after platinum-based transcatheter arterial chemoembolization/transarterial infusion chemotherapy and prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 270 sessions in 129 patients who underwent platinum-based transcatheter arterial chemoembolization/transarterial infusion chemotherapy. Acute kidney injury was diagnosed according to the criteria established by the International Club of Ascites. The incidence of acute kidney injury, risk factors for serum creatinine elevation and association between acute kidney injury and prognosis were assessed.ResultsFifteen cases of acute kidney injury (5.6%, 15/270) developed in 14 patients (10.8%, 14/129). Ascites (coefficient: 0.059, P = 0.006), low estimated glomerular filtration rate (coefficient: −0.008, P = 0.029), diabetes (coefficient: 0.072, P &lt; 0.001) and high albumin–bilirubin grade (albumin–bilirubin grade 2: coefficient: 0.053, P = 0.004; and albumin–bilirubin grade 3: coefficient: 0.103, P &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with an elevation in serum creatinine levels after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization/transarterial infusion chemotherapy. The development of acute kidney injury was associated with poor prognosis (hazard ratio: 3.18, 95%CI: 1.411–7.171, P = 0.005). Patients with acute kidney injury had a significantly lower survival rate than patients without acute kidney injury (log-rank test; P = 0.034).ConclusionsThe incidence of acute kidney injury after platinum-based transcatheter arterial chemoembolization/transarterial infusion chemotherapy was consistent with that after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using anthracycline, and the development of acute kidney injury was associated with poor prognosis. Ascites, diabetes, low estimated glomerular filtration rate and high albumin–bilirubin grade were risk factors for serum creatinine elevation after platinum-based transcatheter arterial chemoembolization/transarterial infusion chemotherapy.
Reprogramming and differentiation-dependent transcriptional alteration of DNA damage response and apoptosis genes in human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Shimada Mikio , Tsukada Kaima , Kagawa Nozomi , Matsumoto Yoshihisa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have a dual capability to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types necessary to develop an entire organism. Differentiation is associated with dynamic epigenetic alteration and transcriptional change, while self-renewal depends on maintaining the genome DNA accurately. Genome stability of PSCs is strictly regulated to maintain pluripotency. However, the DNA damage response (DDR) mechanism in PSCs is still unclear. There is accumulating evidence that genome stability and pluripotency are regulated by a transcriptional change in undifferentiated and differentiated states. iPSCs are ideal for analyzing transcriptional regulation during reprogramming and differentiation.
This study aimed to elucidate the transcriptional alteration surrounding genome stability maintenance, including DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in fibroblasts, iPSCs and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from iPSCs as differentiated cells. After ionizing radiation exposure, foci for the DNA double-stranded break marker γ-H2AX increased, peaking at 0.5 h in all cells (&gt;90%), decreasing after 4 h in fibroblasts (32.3%) and NPCs (22.3%), but still remaining at 52.5% (NB1RGB C2 clone) and 54.7% (201B7 cells) in iPSCs. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells were detected, indicating that iPSCs’ apoptosis increases. In addition, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed high expression of apoptosis genes (TP53, CASP3 and BID) in iPSCs. Results suggested that increased apoptosis activity maintains accurate, undifferentiated genome DNA in the cell population.
Runaway merger shocks in galaxy cluster outskirts and radio relics
Authors: Zhang Congyao , Churazov Eugene , Forman William R , Lyskova Natalia 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Moderately strong shocks arise naturally when two subclusters merge. For instance, when a smaller subcluster falls into the gravitational potential of a more massive cluster, a bow shock is formed and moves together with the subcluster. After pericentre passage, however, the subcluster is decelerated by the gravity of the main cluster, while the shock continues moving away from the cluster centre. These shocks are considered as promising candidates for powering radio relics found in many clusters. The aim of this paper is to explore the fate of such shocks when they travel to the cluster outskirts, far from the place where the shocks were initiated. In a uniform medium, such a ‘runaway’ shock should weaken with distance. However, as shocks move to large radii in galaxy clusters, the shock is moving down a steep density gradient that helps the shock to maintain its strength over a large distance. Observations and numerical simulations show that, beyond R500, gas density profiles are as steep as, or steeper than, ∼r−3, suggesting that there exists a ‘habitable zone’ for moderately strong shocks in cluster outskirts where the shock strength can be maintained or even amplified. A characteristic feature of runaway shocks is that the strong compression, relative to the initial state, is confined to a narrow region just behind the shock. Therefore, if such a shock runs over a region with a pre-existing population of relativistic particles, then the boost in radio emissivity, due to pure adiabatic compression, will also be confined to a narrow radial shell.
Searching for H i imprints in cosmic web filaments with 21-cm intensity mapping
Authors: Tramonte Denis , Ma Yin-Zhe , Li Yi-Chao , Staveley-Smith Lister 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the possible presence of neutral hydrogen (H i) in intergalactic filaments at very low redshift (z ∼ 0.08), by stacking a set of 274 712 2dFGRS galaxy pairs over 21-cm maps obtained with dedicated observations conducted with the Parkes radio telescope, over a total sky area of approximately 1300 deg2 covering two patches in the northern and in the southern Galactic hemispheres. The stacking is performed by combining local maps in which each pair is brought to a common reference frame; the resulting signal from the edge galaxies is then removed to extract the filament residual emission. We repeat the analysis on maps cleaned removing either 10 or 20 foreground modes in a principal component analysis. Our study does not reveal any clear H i excess in the considered filaments in either case; we determine upper limits on the total filament H i brightness temperature at $T_{\rm b} \lesssim 10.3 \, \mu \text{K}$ for the 10-mode and at $T_{\rm b} \lesssim 4.8 \, \mu \text{K}$ for the 20-mode removed maps at the 95 per cent confidence level. These estimates translate into upper limits for the local filament H i density parameter, $\Omega _{\rm HI}^{\rm (f)} \lesssim 7.0\times 10^{-5}$ and $\Omega _{\rm HI}^{\rm (f)} \lesssim 3.2\times 10^{-5}$, respectively, and for the H i column density, $N_{\rm HI} \lesssim 4.6\times 10^{15}\, \text{cm}^{-2}$ and $N_{\rm HI} \lesssim 2.1\times 10^{15}\, \text{cm}^{-2}$, respectively. These column density constraints are consistent with previous detections of H i in the warm-hot intergalactic medium obtained observing broad Ly α absorption systems. This work shows for the first time how such constraints can be achieved using the stacking of galaxy pairs on 21-cm maps.
On the extraction of the power-law parts of probability density functions in star-forming clouds
Authors: Veltchev Todor V , Girichidis Philipp , Donkov Sava , Schneider Nicola , Stanchev Orlin , Marinkova Lyubov , Seifried Daniel , Klessen Ralf S 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a new approach to extract the power-law part of a density/column-density probability density function (ρ-pdf/N-pdf) in star-forming clouds. This approach is based on the mathematical method bPlfit of Virkar & Clauset (2014, Annals of Applied Statistics, 8, 89) and it assesses the power-law part of an arbitrary distribution, without any assumptions about the other parts of this distribution. The slope and deviation point are derived as averaged values as the number of bins is varied. Neither parameter is sensitive to spikes and other local features of the tail. This adapted bPlfit method is applied to two different sets of data from numerical simulations of star-forming clouds at scales 0.5 and 500 pc, and it displays ρ-pdf and N-pdf evolution in agreement with a number of numerical and theoretical studies. Applied to Herschel data on the regions Aquila and Rosette, the method extracts pronounced power-law tails, consistent with those seen in simulations of evolved clouds.
Mechanism of Action and Biology of Flow Diverters in the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Ravindran Krishnan , Casabella Amanda M , Cebral Juan , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F , Kadirvel Ram 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Flow diverters have drastically changed the landscape of intracranial aneurysm treatment and are now considered first-line therapy for select lesions. Their mechanism of action relies on intrinsic alteration in hemodynamic parameters, both at the parent artery and within the aneurysm sac. Moreover, the device struts act as a nidus for endothelial cell growth across the aneurysm neck ultimately leading to aneurysm exclusion from the circulation. In silico computational analyses and investigations in preclinical animal models have provided valuable insights into the underlying biological basis for flow diverter therapy. Here, we review the present understanding pertaining to flow diverter biology and mechanisms of action, focusing on stent design, induction of intra-aneurysmal thrombosis, endothelialization, and alterations in hemodynamics.
The availability of Beddoe relief in trust disputes—Lines v Wilcox [2019] EWHC 1451
Authors: Chandler Sam 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An examination and discussion of the recent decision of the High Court (His Honour Judge Matthews) in Lines v Wilcox [2019] EWHC 1451 (Ch), concerning the availability of Beddoe relief in the context of proceedings involving trusts and estates. The fact pattern will be familiar to any practitioner in this field, and the decision is therefore of wide application. Specifically, the article considers the decision of the High Court to refuse Beddoe relief to an administrator of an estate who sought permission to prosecute a claim to set aside an inter vivos transfer of property made by the deceased in favour of a beneficiary named in her will.
The Customizable E-cigarette Resistance Influences Toxicological Outcomes: Lung Degeneration, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress-Induced in a Rat Model
Authors: Cirillo Silvia , Vivarelli Fabio , Turrini Eleonora , Fimognari Carmela , Burattini Sabrina , Falcieri Elisabetta , Rocchi Marco Bruno Luigi , Cardenia Vladimiro , Rodriguez-Estrada Maria Teresa , Paolini Moreno , Canistro Donatella 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite the knowledge gap regarding the risk-benefit ratio of the electronic cigarette (e-cig), its use has grown exponentially, even in teenagers. E-cig vapor contains carcinogenic compounds (eg, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) and free radicals, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause toxicological effects, including DNA damage. The role of e-cig voltage customization on molecule generation has been reported, but the effects of the resistance on e-cig emissions and toxicity are unknown. Here, we show that the manipulation of e-cig resistance influences the carbonyls production from nonnicotine vapor and the oxidative and inflammatory status in a rat model. Fixing the voltage at the conventional 3.5 V, we observed that the amount of the selected aldehydes increased as the resistance decreased from 1.5 to 0.25 Ω. Under these conditions, we exposed Sprague Dawley rats to e-cig aerosol for 28 days, and we studied the pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue damage, and blood homeostasis. We found a perturbation of the antioxidant and phase II enzymes, probably related to the increased ROS levels due to the enhanced xanthine oxidase and P450-linked monooxygenases. Furthermore, frames from scanning electron microscope showed a disorganization of alveolar and bronchial epithelium in 0.25 Ω group. Overall, various toxicological outcomes, widely recognized as smoke-related injuries, can potentially occur in e-cig consumers who use low-voltage and resistance device. Our study suggests that certain “tips for vaping safety” cannot be established, and encourages further independent investigations to help public health agencies in regulating the e-cig use.
p53 Activation by Cr(VI): A Transcriptionally Limited Response Induced by ATR Kinase in S-Phase
Authors: Luczak Michal W , Krawic Casey , Zhitkovich Anatoly 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cellular reduction of carcinogenic chromium(VI) causes several forms of Cr-DNA damage with different genotoxic properties. Chromate-treated cultured cells have shown a strong proapoptotic activity of the DNA damage-sensitive transcription factor p53. However, induction of p53 transcriptional targets by Cr(VI) in rodent lungs was weak or undetectable. We examined Cr(VI) effects on the p53 pathway in human cells with restored levels of ascorbate that acts as a principal reducer of Cr(VI) in vivo but is nearly absent in standard cell cultures. Ascorbate-restored H460 and primary human cells treated with Cr(VI) contained higher levels of p53 and its Ser15 phosphorylation, which were induced by ATR kinase. Cr(VI)-stimulated p53 phosphorylation occurred in S-phase by a diffusible pool of ATR that was separate from the chromatin-bound pool targeting DNA repair substrates at the sites of toxic mismatch repair (MMR) of Cr-DNA adducts. Even when more abundantly present than after exposure to the radiomimetic bleomycin, Cr(VI)-stabilized p53 showed a much more limited activation of its target genes in two types of primary human cells. No increases in mRNA were found for nucleotide excision repair factors and a majority of proapoptotic genes. A weak transcription activity of Cr(VI)-upregulated p53 was associated with its low lysine acetylation in the regulatory C-terminal domain, resulting from the inability of Cr(VI) to activate ATM in ascorbate-restored cells. Thus, p53 activation by ascorbate-metabolized Cr(VI) represents a limited genome-protective response that is defective in upregulation of DNA repair genes and proapoptotic transcripts for elimination of damaged cells.
Evaluation of antibody detection against the NDO-BSA, LID-1 and NDO-LID antigens as confirmatory tests to support the diagnosis of leprosy in Yunnan province, southwest China
Authors: Jian Liu , Xiujian Shang , Yuangang You , Yan Xing , Lianchao Yuan , Duthie Malcolm S , Yan Wen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough multidrug therapy (MDT) has been widely used for the treatment of leprosy for nearly 40 y, the disease remains a public health concern in some areas. The early detection of leprosy cases is vital to interrupt Mycobacterium leprae transmission, but currently diagnosis is typically achieved during the recognition of clinical symptoms by professional staff performing physical examinations in conjunction with microbiological assessment of slit skin smears (SSSs) and histopathology. In the last 10 y, serum antibody detection tests have emerged to aid leprosy diagnosis. Here we evaluated the ability of antigens NDO-BSA and LID-1 (ML0405 and ML2331) and the conjugate of these, NDO-LID, to detect antibodies in the sera of 113 leprosy patients and 166 control individuals in Yunnan province in southwest China. We found that each antigen was readily detected by sera from multibacillary (MB) patients, with sensitivities of 97.3%, 97.3% and 98.6% for NDO-BSA, LID-1 and NDO-LID, respectively. Even among paucibacillary (PB) patients the antigens detected antibodies in 74.4%, 56.4% and 69.2% of serum samples, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis indicated that, irrespective of the leprosy case classification as MB or PB, the detection efficiency obtained with NDO-LID was better than that obtained with the other two antigens (with LID-1 being a slightly better than NDO-BSA). Our results indicate the utility of NDO-LID in assisting in the diagnosis of PB and MB leprosy patients and that these antibody detection assays represent powerful diagnostic tools. We suggest that could be implemented into the procedures of local health centres in leprosy-endemic regions to assist in earlier diagnosis.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Incident Infections
Authors: Jiang Tammy , Farkas Dóra Körmendiné , Ahern Thomas P. , Lash Timothy L. , Sørensen Henrik T. , Gradus Jaimie L. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
It is unknown whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with incident infections. This study’s objectives were to examine (1) the association between PTSD diagnosis and 28 types of infections and (2) the interaction between PTSD diagnosis and sex on the rate of infections.

Methods:
The study population consisted of a longitudinal nationwide cohort of all residents of Denmark who received a PTSD diagnosis between 1995 and 2011, and an age- and sex-matched general population comparison cohort. We fit Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine associations between PTSD diagnosis and infections. To account for multiple estimation, we adjusted the hazard ratios (HRs) using semi-Bayes shrinkage. We calculated interaction contrasts to assess the presence of interaction between PTSD diagnosis and sex.

Results:
After semi-Bayes shrinkage, the HR for any type of infection was 1.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.6, 2.0), adjusting for marital status, non-psychiatric comorbidity, and diagnoses of substance abuse, substance dependence, and depression. The association between PTSD diagnosis and some infections (e.g., urinary tract infections) were stronger among women, whereas other associations were stronger among men (e.g., skin infections).

Conclusions:
This study’s findings suggest that PTSD diagnosis is a risk factor for numerous infection types and that the associations between PTSD diagnosis and infections are modified by sex.
Orbital Reconstruction via Deformable Titanium Mesh Following Spheno-Orbital Meningioma Resection: Ophthalmic Presentation and Outcomes
Authors: Pace S. Tyler , Koreen Irina V. , Wilson John A. , Yeatts R. Patrick 
Published: August 2019

The ophthalmic presentation of spheno-orbital meningioma and postoperative results are presented following description of orbital reconstruction utilizing deformable titanium mesh.

Purpose:
To present a surgical approach to reconstruction of the bony orbit following resection of spheno-orbital meningioma utilizing deformable titanium mesh while emphasizing the ophthalmic presentation and outcomes of the repair.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review received International Review Board approval, and 20 patients met the inclusion criteria. All patients underwent resection of spheno-orbital meningioma followed by orbital reconstruction with deformable titanium mesh. Pre- and postoperative ophthalmic exam findings were recorded. Outcome measures include Snellen visual acuity, performance on automated Humphry 30–2 perimetry, extraocular motility, Hertel exophthalmometry, associated complications, and recurrence. A literature review of the use of titanium to reconstruct the orbit following resection of spheno-orbital meningioma was performed.

Results:
Visual acuity improved (9/20) or remained the same (8/20) in 85% of patients. Fifteen of the 20 patients had pre- and postoperative visual fields performed, and 93% (14/15) experienced substantial improvement or no change with full fields. Of the 12 patients who had extraocular motility disturbance following surgery, 25% (3/12) had preexisting defects that did not change, 58% (7/12) returned to normal, and 17% (2/12) had new onset dysfunction that did not improve. Proptosis was reduced by a mean of 4.4 mm. Complications were rare and inconsequential, and recurrence was observed in 20% (4/20) at an average of 43 months following surgery.

Conclusions:
Orbital reconstruction using deformable titanium mesh is both safe and effective in the setting of resection of spheno-orbital meningioma. This study is the largest known report of orbits reconstructed with deformable titanium mesh in the available literature.