bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a model of care for hospitalised older persons with cognitive impairment (the Confused Hospitalised Older Persons program) in six New South Wales hospitals
Authors: Kurrle Susan , Bateman Cath , Cumming Anne , Pang Glen , Patterson Sigrid , Temple Anthea 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the implementation of a model of care known as the Confused Hospitalised Older Persons (CHOPs) program to improve recognition, assessment and management of older persons with cognitive impairment (delirium and/or dementia) admitted to acute hospitals.MethodsThe model of care was implemented in six selected hospitals across New South Wales. Pre‐ and postimplementation medical record audits, environmental audits, and staff knowledge and care confidence surveys were performed. Interviews with clinical leads postimplementation identified enablers and barriers.ResultsThere were significant increases in cognitive screening within 24 hours (OR = 3.32 [2.50‐4.91]), delirium risk identification (OR = 4.04 [2.89‐5.64]), assessment of cognitive impairment (OR = 2.55 [1.90‐3.43]) and interaction with families (OR = 2.81 [2.09‐3.79]). Staff education and care confidence were improved, and positive environmental changes occurred in all hospitals. Barriers and enablers to implementation were identified.ConclusionThe CHOPs program improved identification, risk assessment and management of cognitive impairment in older hospitalised patients.
Relation of total bilirubin and QT interval prolongation (from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey)
Authors: Majeed Chaudry N. , Ahmad Muhammad I. , Ahsan Irfan , Anees Muhammad A. , Maheshwari Sanjay K. , Soliman Elsayed Z. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe association of bilirubin with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is controversial. We sought to explore the association of total bilirubin (TB) levels with QT interval in a multiracial cohort.MethodsA total of 6,627 participants (59.0 ± 13.3 years; 52.6% women, 49.7% Non‐Hispanic Whites) without CVD from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this analysis. QT was automatically measured from digital 12‐lead electrocardiogram in a central reading center. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the cross‐sectional association between tertiles of TB and prolonged QT interval (≥450 ms in men and ≥460 ms in women).ResultsThe prevalence of prolonged QT was higher among those with higher levels of TB (prolonged QT prevalence was 4.7%, 6.8%, and 7.0% across TB lower (0–0.4 mg/dl), middle (0.5–1.6 mg/dl), and higher (0.70–4.30 mg/dl) tertiles, respectively). In a model adjusted for potential confounders, participants within the highest TB tertile had significantly greater odds of the prolonged QT interval (Odds ratios [95% confidence interval] 1.53 [1.16–2.02]) compared to those with bilirubin levels in the first tertile. Each 0.29 mg/dl increase in TB levels was associated with a 12% (p‐value <.0001) increase in the prevalence of prolonged QT interval. This association was stronger in men than in women (interaction p‐value = .04).ConclusionElevated bilirubin levels are associated with a prolonged QT interval. This finding extends our current knowledge on the relationship between serum bilirubin and CVD by demonstrating a link between higher TB and abnormal cardiac repolarization.
Association of the extent of therapy with prostate cancer in those receiving testosterone therapy in a US commercial insurance claims database
Authors: Lopez David S. , Huang Danmeng , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Khera Mohit , Williams Stephen B. , Urban Randall J. , Panagiotou Orestis A. , Kuo Yong‐fang , Baillargeon Jacques , Farias Albert , Krause Trudy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundConflicting evidence remains in the association of testosterone therapy (TTh) with prostate cancer (PCa). This inconsistency maybe due, in part, to the small sample sizes from previous studies and an incomplete assessment of comorbidities, particularly diabetes.ObjectiveWe investigated the association of PCa with TTh (injection or gel) and different TTh doses and determined whether this association varies by the presence of diabetes at baseline in a large, nationally representative, commercially insured cohort.DesignWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 189 491 men aged 40‐60 years old in the IBM MarketScan® Commercial Database, which included 1424 PCa cases diagnosed from 2011 to 2014. TTh was defined using CPT codes from inpatient and outpatient, and NDC codes from pharmacy claims. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios for patients with incident PCa.ResultsWe found a 33% reduced association of PCa after comparing the highest category (>12) of TTh injections with the lowest (1‐2 injections) category (HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54‐0.82). Similar statistical significant inverse association for PCa was observed for men who received TTh topical gels (>330 vs 1‐ to 60‐days supply). Among nondiabetics, we found significant inverse association between TTh (injection and gel) and PCa, but a weak interaction between TTh injections and diabetes (P = .05).ConclusionOverall, increased use of TTh is inversely associated with PCa and this remained significant only among nondiabetics. These findings warrant further investigation in large randomized placebo‐controlled trials to infer any health benefit by TTh.
Feasibility study comparing underwater endoscopic mucosal resection and conventional endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumor < 20 mm
Authors: Kiguchi Yoshiyuki , Kato Motohiko , Nakayama Atsushi , Sasaki Motoki , Mizutani Mari , Tsutsumi Koushiro , Akimoto Teppei , Takatori Yusaku , Mutaguchi Makoto , Takabayashi Kaoru , Ochiai Yasutoshi , Maehata Tadateru , Kanai Takanori , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: September 2019

Background and AimUnderwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has been reported as an alternative to conventional EMR for superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADET). However, the detailed outcomes are unclear. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between UEMR and EMR for SNADET <20 mm.Patients and methodsThis is a retrospective observational study using a prospective maintained database. From November 2017 to December 2018, 104 consecutive cases of attempted UEMR for SNADET <20 mm were prospectively allocated. A total of 240 cases of attempted EMR were chosen as historical controls. We compared technical success rate, defined as the resection rate without conversion to ESD; en bloc resection rate; R0 resection rate; and adverse event rate. Next, multivariate analyses were constructed to identify predictors of conversion to ESD, piecemeal resection, and RX or R1 (RX/R1) resection.ResultsTechnical success rate of UEMR was significantly higher than that of EMR (87% and 70%, P < 0.01). En bloc resection and R0 resection rates of UEMR were significantly lower than those of EMR (en bloc resection: 87% vs 96%, P < 0.01; R0 resection: 67% vs 80%, P = 0.05). Concerning adverse events, there were no significant differences. In multivariate analyses, attempted EMR, lesion size and depressed type were independent predictors of conversion to ESD. Attempted UEMR was an independent predictor of piecemeal resection and RX/R1 resection.ConclusionThe present study indicated that UEMR could be a feasible endoscopic resection method for SNADET (UMIN000025442).
Caesarean section and risk of type 1 diabetes: whole‐of‐population study
Authors: Begum M. , Pilkington R. , Chittleborough C. , Lynch J. , Penno M. , Smithers L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimA hypothesized mechanism for increased type 1 diabetes risk among caesarean births is lack of exposure to the vaginal microbiota. Children born by prelabour caesarean are not exposed to the vaginal microbiota, whereas caesarean births during labour (intrapartum) may be exposed. The aim of this study was to estimate type 1 diabetes risk among children born by caesarean compared with normal vaginal delivery.MethodsThis whole‐of‐population study linked routinely collected, de‐identified administrative data from the South Australian Early Childhood Data Project for all births from 1999 to 2013. Type 1 diabetes cases were identified using inpatient hospitalizations from 2001 to 2014 (ICD‐10‐AM codes E10‐E109). Type 1 diabetes risk for caesarean was assessed by Cox regression using two models: (i) caesarean vs. vaginal and (ii) prelabour or intrapartum caesarean vs. vaginal. Analyses were adjusted for confounding and multiple imputation was used to address missing data.ResultsA total of 286 058 children born between 1999 and 2013 contributed to 2 200 252 person‐years, of which 557 had type 1 diabetes. Of all births, 90 546 (31.7%) were caesarean, and of these 53.1% were prelabour and 46.9% intrapartum caesarean. Compared with vaginal delivery, the adjusted hazard ratio for type 1 diabetes was 1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86–1.28) for caesarean, 1.02 (95% CI 0.79–1.32) for prelabour caesarean and 1.08 (95% CI 0.82–1.41) for intrapartum caesarean.ConclusionThere may be a small increased type 1 diabetes risk following caesarean, but confidence intervals included the null. The lower estimate for prelabour compared with intrapartum caesarean, and the potential for unmeasured confounding suggest that neonatal vaginal microbiota might not be involved in type 1 diabetes.
Identification of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of Spondias spp. in Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Auricelia Sousa , Melo Maruzanete Pereira , Silva Juliana Pereira , Matos Kedma Silva , Beserra José Evando Aguiar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPlants of the genus Spondias are commonly cultivated in northern and north‐eastern Brazil for fruit production. Severe leaf anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is frequently observed in several species of Spondias. The objectives of this study were to identify and characterize Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose in species of Spondias by using the concept of morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Leaves with symptoms of anthracnose were collected from orchards in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Morphological identification; sequencing analysis of ACT, ITS and GS gene regions; and a pathogenicity test confirmed three Colletotrichum spp. (C. dianesei, C. siamense and C. brevisporum) were able to cause the disease. This is the first record of these species of Colletotrichum causing anthracnose in Spondias spp. in Brazil.
Growth of Phlebiopsis gigantea in wood of seven conifer species
Authors: Zaluma Astra , Bruna Lauma , Klavina Darta , Burnevica Natalija , Kenigsvalde Kristine , Lazdins Andis , Gaitnieks Talis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHeterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered.
Brain responses and approach bias to social alcohol cues and their association with drinking in a social setting in young adult males
Authors: Groefsema Martine M. , Mies Gabry W. , Cousijn Janna , Engels Rutger C. M. E. , Sescousse Guillaume , Luijten Maartje 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlcohol is mainly consumed in social settings, in which people often adapt their drinking behaviour to that of others, also called imitation of drinking. Yet, it remains unclear what drives this drinking in a social setting. In this study, we expected to see stronger brain and behavioural responses to social compared to non‐social alcohol cues, and these responses to be associated with drinking in a social setting. The sample consisted of 153 beer‐drinking males, aged 18–25 years. Brain responses to social alcohol cues were measured during an alcohol cue‐exposure task performed in an fMRI scanner. Behavioural responses to social alcohol cues were measured using a stimulus‐response compatibility task, providing an index of approach bias towards these cues. Drinking in a social setting was measured in a laboratory mimicking a bar environment. Specific brain responses to social alcohol cues were observed in the bilateral superior temporal sulcus and the left inferior parietal lobe. There was no approach bias towards social alcohol cues specifically; however, we did find an approach bias towards alcohol (versus soda) cues in general. Brain responses and approach bias towards social alcohol cues were unrelated and not associated with actual drinking. Thus, we found no support for a relation between drinking in a social setting on the one hand, and brain cue‐reactivity or behavioural approach biases to social alcohol cues on the other hand. This suggests that, in contrast to our hypothesis, drinking in a social setting may not be driven by brain or behavioural responses to social alcohol cues.
Microbial metabolite fluxes in a model marine anoxic ecosystem
Authors: Louca Stilianos , Astor Yrene M. , Doebeli Michael , Taylor Gordon T. , Scranton Mary I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPermanently anoxic regions in the ocean are widespread and exhibit unique microbial metabolic activity exerting substantial influence on global elemental cycles and climate. Reconstructing microbial metabolic activity rates in these regions has been challenging, due to the technical difficulty of direct rate measurements. In Cariaco Basin, which is the largest permanently anoxic marine basin and an important model system for geobiology, long‐term monitoring has yielded time series for the concentrations of biologically important compounds; however, the underlying metabolite fluxes remain poorly quantified. Here, we present a computational approach for reconstructing vertical fluxes and in situ net production/consumption rates from chemical concentration data, based on a 1‐dimensional time‐dependent diffusive transport model that includes adaptive penalization of overfitting. We use this approach to estimate spatiotemporally resolved fluxes of oxygen, nitrate, hydrogen sulfide, ammonium, methane, and phosphate within the sub‐euphotic Cariaco Basin water column (depths 150–900 m, years 2001–2014) and to identify hotspots of microbial chemolithotrophic activity. Predictions of the fitted models are in excellent agreement with the data and substantially expand our knowledge of the geobiology in Cariaco Basin. In particular, we find that the diffusivity, and consequently fluxes of major reductants such as hydrogen sulfide, and methane, is about two orders of magnitude greater than previously estimated, thus resolving a long‐standing apparent conundrum between electron donor fluxes and measured dark carbon assimilation rates.
Testing for changes in biomass dynamics in large‐scale forest datasets
Authors: Rutishauser Ervan , Wright Stuart J. , Condit Richard , Hubbell Stephen P. , Davies Stuart J. , Muller‐Landau Helene C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTropical forest responses to climate and atmospheric change are critical to the future of the global carbon budget. Recent studies have reported increases in estimated above‐ground biomass (EAGB) stocks, productivity, and mortality in old‐growth tropical forests. These increases could reflect a shift in forest functioning due to global change and/or long‐lasting recovery from past disturbance. We introduce a novel approach to disentangle the relative contributions of these mechanisms by decomposing changes in whole‐plot biomass fluxes into contributions from changes in the distribution of gap‐successional stages and changes in fluxes for a given stage. Using 30 years of forest dynamic data at Barro Colorado Island, Panama, we investigated temporal variation in EAGB fluxes as a function of initial EAGB (EAGBi) in 10 × 10 m quadrats. Productivity and mortality fluxes both increased strongly with initial quadrat EAGB. The distribution of EAGB (and thus EAGBi) across quadrats hardly varied over 30 years (and seven censuses). EAGB fluxes as a function of EAGBi varied largely and significantly among census intervals, with notably higher productivity in 1985–1990 associated with recovery from the 1982–1983 El Niño event. Variation in whole‐plot fluxes among census intervals was explained overwhelmingly by variation in fluxes as a function of EAGBi, with essentially no contribution from changes in EAGBi distributions. The high observed temporal variation in productivity and mortality suggests that this forest is very sensitive to climate variability. There was no consistent long‐term trend in productivity, mortality, or biomass in this forest over 30 years, although the temporal variability in productivity and mortality was so strong that it could well mask a substantial trend. Accurate prediction of future tropical forest carbon budgets will require accounting for disturbance‐recovery dynamics and understanding temporal variability in productivity and mortality.
Prognosis Following Discontinuation of OnabotulinumA Therapy in “Super‐responding” Chronic Migraine Patients
Authors: Ching Jason , Tinsley Amanda , Rothrock John 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo determine whether the successful treatment of chronic migraine (CM) with onabotulinumA (BotoxA) may be followed by a continued respite from headache once therapy has been discontinued.BackgroundThe optimal duration of prophylactic therapy for migraine generally and for CM treated with BotoxA specifically is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study evaluating a series of patients with CM at a university‐affiliated headache subspecialty clinic in Reno, Nevada, all of whom were treated according to a uniform protocol involving serial injections of BotoxA. We followed all positively responding patients who met our stopping rule for a minimum of 6 months after discontinuation of BotoxA, and we assessed the incidence of clinical worsening in that group.ResultsA total of 105/131 patients (80%) for whom complete follow‐up was available reported no clinical worsening or need to resume prophylactic therapy over the 6 months following discontinuation of BotoxA therapy. Patients with pre‐treatment baseline chronic daily headache (CDH) of greater than 6 months duration were more likely to report clinical deterioration within 6 months of stopping treatment, as compared to patients with CDH of less than 6 months. A greater number of BotoxA treatments required to achieve our stopping rule correlated with clinical deterioration within 6 months of stopping treatment.ConclusionsIn many CM patients who experience an especially positive response to serial BotoxA injection therapy, clinical improvement may be sustained for a period of at least 6 months following discontinuation of prophylactic therapy.
The effects of ball milling time on the rheological, optical, and microstructural properties of YAG transparent ceramics
Authors: Mohammadi Fatemeh , Mirzaee Omid , Tajally Mohammad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStable slurries dispersed mixture of commercial Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders, ammonium poly meta acrylate (Dolapix CE64) as the dispersant, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the sintering aid were prepared by ball milling process. The effects of the milling time on the fabrication of transparent polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramics were investigated by slip casting and vacuum sintering. The results showed that the best milling time for the deagglomeration of the powder mixture was 16 hours and the slurry prepared during this time showed a near‐Newtonian behavior due to the better deagglomeration and lower viscosity. X‐ray patterns also showed that all samples were pure YAG phase. The results also revealed that the sample prepared by 16 hours ball milling time suspensions exhibited higher relative green and final density, as well as the maximum transmittance at 1064 nm (≈ 77%). These samples had a more uniform microstructure too.
Life cycle assessment of a ceramic glaze containing copper slags and its application on ceramic tile
Authors: Mohaddes Khorassani Sara , Siligardi Cristina , Mugoni Consuelo , Pini Martina , Cappucci Grazia Maria , Ferrari Anna Maria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEven though copper slags have many possible applications, their disposal is still practiced, creating long‐term waste management problems. This led to the investigation of new products for residential applications, taking advantages of the interesting chemical properties of copper slag. This study aims to assess the environmental impact of the use of copper slag as secondary raw material in a ceramic glaze composition and to compare it with a traditional glaze. A manufacturing process was designed, through an industrial scale up operation from experimental laboratory data and the entire life cycle of the products was analyzed using the Life‐cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Considering the production of a ceramic glaze containing copper slag, the most impacting process resulted the one related to frit production, due to the large amount of thermal energy necessary for the raw materials melting. The comparative LCA analysis carried out between the frit obtained from metallurgical slags and a traditional one, demonstrated that the innovative ceramic frit has a greater environmental advantage. The LCA analysis allowed to highlight the most impactful stages of an industrial process using copper slag as a secondary raw material for glaze production and to quantify the potential environmental advantages of this operation.