bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrrolizines as Potential Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, Caspase-3 activation and Micronucleus (MN) Induction
Authors: Belal Amany 
Published: April 2018

Background:
For further exploration of the promising pyrrolizine scaffold and in continuation of our
previous work, that proved the potential anticancer activity of the hit compound I, a new series of pyrrolizines
2-5 and 7-9 were designed and synthesized.

Methods:
Structures of the new compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis.
Antitumor activity for the prepared compounds against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), liver (HEPG2)
and colon (HCT116) cancer cell lines was evaluated using SRB assay method.

Result:
Compounds 2, 3 and 5 were the most potent on colon cancer cells, their IC50 values were less than 5 µM.
Compounds 2, 3 and 8 were the most potent on liver cancer cells, their IC50 values were less than 10 µM. As for
MCF7, compounds 2, 7, 8 and 9 were the most active with IC50 values less than 10 µM. We can conclude that
combining pyrrolizine scaffold with urea gave abroad spectrum anticancer agent 2 against the three tested cell
lines. Micronucleus assays showed that compounds 2, 3, 8 are mutagenic and can induce apoptosis. In addition,
caspase-3 activation was evaluated and compound 2 showed increase in the level of caspase-3 (9 folds) followed
by 3 (8.28 folds) then 8 (7.89 folds).

Conclusion:
The obtained results encourage considering these three compounds as novel anticancer prototypes.
Reduction of Vascular Inflammation, LDL-C, or Both for the Protection from Cardiovascular Events?
Authors: Reklou Andromachi , Doumas Michael , Imprialos Konstantinos , Stavropoulos Konstantinos , Patoulias Dimitris , Athyros Vasilios G. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and low grade arterial inflammation are key pathogenic factors for atherosclerosis and its manifestation, cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objective:
In this narrative review we assessed if decreasing LDL-C levels or inflammation or both is more effective in reducing CVD events.

Results:
In the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S), all statin trials of the 90s’ and the Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk (FOURIER) the benefit came from the LDL-C reduction. In the GREak and Atorvastatin Coronary heart disease Evaluation (GREACE), the Treating to New Targets (TNT), and the Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trials both mechanisms in combination produced significant benefits. In the Atorvastatin for Reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty (ARMYDA) trials and the Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) with a human antibody targeting IL-1β with no lipid lowering effect, the reduction in arterial inflammation played the only beneficial role because there was no change in lipids levels.

Conclusion:
Both LDL-C and inflammation reduction are beneficial to the reduction of CVD risk. However, canakinumab is a very expensive drug that only induced a 15% reduction in CVD events, thus drastically reducing the possibility for it to be used in clinical practice. Besides, canakinumab is associated with increased infections, some fatal. A potent statin with anti-inflammatory effects is probably the best choice for the majority of those needing hypolipidaemic drug therapy.
Crossed Fused Ectopia of Kidney – An Account of Tertiary Healthcare Center Experience
Authors: Hameed BM Zeeshan , Chawla Arun , Hegde Padmaraj , Vasa Tirth 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Crossed renal ectopia with fusion is the abnormal migration of the kidney to the opposite side of the insertion of the ureter to the bladder. It is the second most common congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract preceded by horseshoe kidney. The following article serves to highlight the anomaly in a conglomeration of 17 unique cases, managed in our tertiary care centre over a period of 5 years.

Materials and Methods:
This is a descriptive study analysing the demographic features and the management of seventeen patients diagnosed with crossed renal ectopia with fusion during the period January 2012 to January 2017. Radiological modalities of investigation were modified as per the anomaly. The management plan was devised keeping in mind, the essence of preserving the functional unit.

Results:
Of the seventeen cases, nine patients were symptomatic and eight were asymptomatic. The most recurring crossed renal ectopia with fusion was L- shaped (n=6), disc shaped (n=6) sigmoid shaped (n=2), inferior (n=1), cake shaped (n=1) and superior ectopia (n=1). Left to right ectopia (n=9) was more common than right to left (n=8). Three patients had a solitary crossed ectopia. Out of nine symptomatic patients, six patients underwent surgical procedures, the remaining three were treated conservatively and advised regular biannual follow-up with imaging.

Conclusion:
The management of crossed renal ectopia with fusion is individualised according to the underlying urological anomaly and its sequelae. Importance is given to preserve the renal function whenever possible. Reconstructive surgeries like pyeloplasty, ureteric reimplantation, boari flap can salvage some function in these units.
Proximal Femoral Bone Regeneration After an Uncemented Hydroxyapatite-coated Long-stem in Revision Hip Surgery
Authors: Cordero-Ampuero José , Garcia-Rey Eduardo , Garcia-Cimbrelo Eduardo 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Bone remodelling with lateral femoral cortex thinning is a major concern after extensively porous-coated long-stem in revision surgery. Extensive hydroxyapatite coated long-stems were introduced to improve osseointegration, but bone remodelling changes have not been quantified.

Objective:
The question of whether bone remodelling changes from extensive hydroxyapatite-coated long stems influence the durability of femoral revision, clinical outcome is assessed in follow-up radiographs.

Methods:
Uncemented straight monoblock hydroxyapatite-coated long-stems used in revision hip surgery for aseptic loosening were assessed in a consecutive series of 64 hips (60 patients). Mean follow-up was 8.6 years and the mean age at surgery was 70 years (27-91). The pre-operative bone defect was classified according to Paprosky. Cortical struts were not used in this series. Cortical index and femoral cortical width were measured at three different levels at different periods.

Results:
Four patients with pain under level 4 due to stem loosening needed an exchange surgery of their femoral component, but two patients rejected re-surgery. The cumulative probability of not having aseptic loosening was 91.2% (95% confidence interval 73.5-96.9) at 10 years according to Kaplan and Meier. Twenty-seven of 35 osteolytic lesions had disappeared or decreased at the last follow-up. The thickness of the lateral and medial cortex increased over the course of the study at different levels. Increases of femoral cortex thickness were greater in men and in cases with mild bone defects.

Conclusion:
Although clinical outcome of the hydroxyapatite-coated long stem in revision surgery is good but not outstanding, most osteolytic lesions heal and the femoral cortex thickness increases at different levels.
Patients’ Main Concerns About Having a Sibling Stem Cell Donor – A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Kisch Annika M , Forsberg Anna 
Published: April 2018

Background:
There is limited knowledge about the perspective of patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) about having a sibling as donor. It is essential to understand the main concerns of stem cell recipients in order to enable nurses to provide person-centred care.

Objectives:
The study aim was to explore patients’ main concerns about having a sibling stem cell donor and how the patients handle them, from immediately before until one year after transplantation.

Methods:
Twenty-eight interviews were performed prospectively during one year with ten adult sibling stem cell recipients with a mean age of 52 years (range 19-68 years). The interviews were analyzed by the Grounded Theory method.

Results:
The core category Recompensation summarises the process in the generated grounded theory including the three main categories; Invest, Compensate and Celebrate. Recompensation is defined as a lasting compensation given by the recipient to the sibling donor for the loss or harm suffered or effort made. The sense of having to reward, protect, appreciate, maintain peace and work on the relationship with the sibling donor at the same time as having to accept a serious illness, cope with their situation and promote their own recovery is strenuous for the recipients.

Conclusion:
The main concern for stem cell recipients during their first post-transplant year is to recompensate the sibling donor by investing, compensating and celebrating her/him. Although there is a positive aspect of recompensation, it can also imply pressure and guilt.
Exergy Assessment of a Solar-Assisted District Energy System
Authors: Rezaie Behnaz , Reddy Bale V. , Rosen Marc A. 
Published: April 2018

Background:District Energy (DE) is a technology capable of using renewable energy (e.g., solar thermal systems) and waste heat as energy sources efficiently. DE technology nonetheless has potential for improvement. Thermal Energy Storage (TES) can enhance DE performance significantly.Objective:An exergy analysis of a DE system which includes a solar thermal energy system and TES is performed, so as to improve understanding of its performance.Method:A case study based on the Friedrichshafen DE system in Germany is used to assess thermodynamically the role of solar energy and TES in a DE system. The system performance is separated into three modes: (1) fossil fuel is the only source of energy, (2) a discharging TES and fossil fuel provide heat for the DE system, and (3) solar energy and fossil fuels are the energy supplies. Exergy analyses are conducted for each performance mode and the overall DE system.Results:The results quantify the benefits of incorporating solar energy and TES on the performance of the Friedrichshafen DE system, and demonstrate that the overall exergy efficiency of the DE system increases from 23% to 27% with assistance of solar thermal collectors and TES, while the total energy efficiency increases from 83% to 87%.Conclusion:An increase of exergy efficiency is observed when TES is added to a DE system, due to a reduction in solar thermal energy loss by the TES, which allows more solar energy to be converted to useful energy to satisfy the DE system thermal energy demand.
Teaching (and Learning) Introductory Chemistry Courses in Context: A 40-Year Reflection
Authors: Middlecamp Cathy 
Published: April 2018

<p>When instructors teach chemistry using real-world contexts, they weave connections between chemistry and the large public issues of our world. They also weave connections between chemistry and the smaller – but equally significant – personal issues in the lives of their students. Teaching and learning chemistry in real world contexts is not new; rather, it is a well-established practice backed by research on how people learn. What has one college chemistry instructor (and her students) learned over the past 40 years? The answer to this question is multi-dimensional, involving teaching philosophy, learning outcomes, changing contexts, changing content, and bringing the content and the contexts together. In answering this question, this paper employs air quality and plastics as examples of two real-world contexts that can engage students in learning chemistry through the “big questions” in our world today.</p>
Care-giving burden and quality of life in diabetic foot patients' care givers
Authors: YAZLA Ece , KARADERE Mehmet Emrah , TERZİ Özlem , DOLAPÇI Mete , YASTI Ahmet 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The burden of care-giving is defined as the burden
sustained by an individual who is giving care to an elderly, chronically ill or
incapacitated person; the levels of perception of the burden are known to be
affected by various personal and disease-related characteristics. Studies that
compare the burden of internal patients’ caregivers with psychiatric patients’
caregivers, reported higher caregiving burden for caregivers of psychiatric
patients. In this study, it was aimed to compare the levels of the caregiving
burden of those caring for patients with diabetic foot with care-givers of
psychotic patients. Caregivers of those with inguinal hernia were designated as
the control group to determine the characteristics that are related to the
care-giving burden. Methods: The study was comprised of care-givers of 30
hospital in-patients with diabetic foot, 30 in-patients with inguinal hernia,
and care givers of 30 patients with a recorded diagnosis of psychotic disorder at
Çorum Community Mental Health Centre. The evaluation was made from voluntary
completion of the Zarit Burden Interview Form and the Beck Depression, Beck
Anxiety, Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) and Short Form-36 (SF-36)
scales. Results: The
caregivers of the diabetic foot group were found to be mostly non-working
females. No difference was found between the burden levels of psychotic and
diabetic patient groups but the burden level of caregivers of psychotic
patients was determined to be significantly higher than the control group
(p&lt;0.001). In comparison with those of the control and psychotic group, the
depression and anxiety scales of the diabetic foot group were signficantly high
and some points of the quality of life scales were determined to be
significantly low. A correlation between the duration of care-giving and the
burden was only determined in the diabetic foot group (r=0.421, p=0.020).

Conclusion: Care-givers of diabetic foot patients remained more
socially isolated. This was probably due to having to live with an elderly person
requiring care. For various reasons, care-givers of diabetic foot patients were
found to have high levels of anxiety and depression, low quality of life, and
burden levels as high as those of the psychotic group. Therefore, in the
context of protecting the physical and emotional health of care-givers, careful
monitoring and when necessary, supportive treatment would be appropriate.
Stability of the Light Output, Oral Cavity Tip Accessibility in Posterior Region and Emission Spectrum of Light-Curing Units
Authors: André CB , Nima G , Sebold M , Giannini M , Price RB 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYObjectives: This study evaluated the light output from six light-emitting diode dental curing lights after 25 consecutive light exposures without recharging the battery, tip accessibility in the posterior region, and light beam spread from light-curing units.Methods: Irradiance, spectral peak, and radiant exposure were measured with the battery fully charged (Bluephase Style, ESPE Cordless, Elipar S10, Demi Ultra, Valo Cordless, and Radii-Cal) and monitored for 25 light exposures (each lasting 10 seconds). The tip diameter was measured to identify the beam size and the ability of the six light-curing units to irradiate all areas of the lower second molar in the standard output setting.Results: Four curing lights delivered a single peak wavelength from 454 to 462 nm, and two (Bluephase Style and Valo Cordless) delivered multiple emission peaks (at 410 and 458 nm and 400, 450, and 460 nm, respectively). The irradiance and radiant exposure always decreased after 25 exposures by 2% to 8%, depending on the light unit; however, only ESPE Cordless, Valo Cordless, and Radii-Cal presented a statistical difference between the first and the last exposure. The tip diameter ranged from 6.77 mm to 9.40 mm. The Radii-Cal delivered the lowest radiant exposure and irradiance. This light was also unable to access all the teeth with the tip parallel to the occlusal surface of the tooth.Conclusion: Not all of the blue-emitting lights deliver the same emission spectra, and some curing lights delivered a lower irradiance (as much as 8% lower) after the 25th exposure.
Influence of Different CAM Strategies on the Fit of Partial Crown Restorations: A Digital Three-dimensional Evaluation
Authors: Zimmermann M , Valcanaia A , Neiva G , Mehl A , Fasbinder D 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
CAM fabrication is an important step within the CAD/CAM process. The internal fit of restorations is influenced by the accuracy of the subtractive CAM procedure. Little is known about how CAM strategies might influence the fit of CAD/CAM fabricated restorations. The aim of this study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the fit of CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic partial crowns fabricated with three different CAM strategies. The null hypothesis was that different CAM strategies did not influence the fitting accuracy of CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic partial crowns.

Methods and Materials:
Preparation for a partial crown was performed on a maxillary right first molar on a typodont. A chairside CAD/CAM system with the intraoral scanning device CEREC Omnicam (Dentsply Sirona, York, PA, USA) and the 3+1 axis milling unit CEREC MCXL was used. There were three groups with different CAM strategies: step bur 12 (12), step bur 12S (12S), and two step-mode (12TWO). The zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic Celtra Duo (Dentsply Sirona) was used as the CAD/CAM material. A new 3D method for evaluating the fit was applied, consisting of the quadrant scan with the intraoral scanning device CEREC Omnicam. The scan of the PVS material adherent to the preparation and the preparation scan were matched, and the difference analysis was performed with special software OraCheck (Cyfex AG, Zurich, Switzerland). Three areas were selected for analysis: margin (MA), axial (AX), and occlusal (OC). Statistical analysis was performed using 80% percentile, one-way ANOVA, and the post hoc Scheffé test with α=0.05.

Results:
Statistically significant differences were found both within and between the test groups. The aspect axial fit results varied from 90.5 ± 20.1 μm for the two-step milling mode (12TWO_AX) to 122.8 ± 12.2 μm for the milling with step bur 12S (12S_AX). The worst result in all groups was found for the aspect occlusal fit with the highest value for group 12S of 222.8 ± 35.6 μm. Group two-step milling mode (12TWO) performed statistically significantly better from groups 12 and 12S for the occlusal fit (p&lt;0.05). Deviation patterns were visually analyzed with a color-coded scheme for each restoration.

Conclusions:
CAM strategy influenced the internal adaptation of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate partial crowns fabricated with a chairside CAD/CAM system. Sensible selection of specific areas of internal adaptation and fit is an important factor for evaluating the CAM accuracy of CAD/CAM systems.
Color and Translucency of Resin-based Composites: Comparison of A-shade Specimens Within Various Product Lines
Authors: Kim D , Park S-H 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARY

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the color and translucency of currently available resin-based composites (RBCs) with respect to the shade numbers within each product line.

Methods and Materials:
Four A-shades (A1, A2, A3, and A3.5) of nine RBC products (Beautifil II, Ceram-X One, Estelite Sigma Quick, Esthet-X HD, Filtek Z250, Filtek Z350 XT, Gradia Direct, Herculite Precis, and Tetric N-Ceram) were investigated. Ten disk-shaped specimens of two different thicknesses (1 and 2 mm) were prepared for each shade of the RBCs. The maximum blue light irradiance (Imax) through the specimen was recorded using a digital optometer. The color measurements were made according to the CIELAB color scale (quantifying L*, a*, and b*) using a colorimeter, and the translucency parameter (TP) was calculated. The L*, a*, b*, TP, and Imax values were compared among the different shades and thicknesses of each product using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test.

Results:
There were significant differences in the color and translucency among the shades and thicknesses within each product line (p&lt;0.001). The L*, Imax, and TP of the 1-mm specimens were higher than those of the 2-mm specimens. The specimens showed equal or lower L* and Imax for higher shade numbers. The a* values differed only slightly among the shades, whereas the b* values were distributed over a relatively wide range. The TP values were independent of the order of shade numbers.

Conclusions:
Within the limitations of this study, the RBCs became darker and yellowish as the shade number increased. The blue light irradiance decreased in increasing order of the shade numbers. Changes in the translucency demonstrated different trends among the shades, depending on the product line.
Accuracy of Buccal Scan Procedures for the Registration of Habitual Intercuspation
Authors: Zimmermann M , Ender A , Attin T , Mehl A 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARY

Clinical Relevance:
Accurate reproduction of the jaw relationship is important in many fields of dentistry. Maximum intercuspation can be registered with digital buccal scan procedures implemented in the workflow of many intraoral scanning systems.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of buccal scan procedures with intraoral scanning devices for the registration of habitual intercuspation in vivo. The hypothesis was that there is no statistically significant difference for buccal scan procedures compared to registration methods with poured model casts.

Methods and Materials:
Ten individuals (full dentition, no dental rehabilitations) were subjects for five different habitual intercuspation registration methods: (CI) poured model casts, manual hand registration, buccal scan with inEOS X5; (BC) intraoral scan, buccal scan with CEREC Bluecam; (OC4.2) intraoral scan, buccal scan with CEREC Omnicam software version 4.2; (OC4.5β) intraoral scan, buccal scan with CEREC Omnicam version 4.5β; and (TR) intraoral scan, buccal scan with Trios 3. Buccal scan was repeated three times. Analysis of rotation (Rot) and translation (Trans) parameters was performed with difference analysis software (OraCheck). Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Scheffé test (p&lt;0.05).

Results:
Statistical analysis showed no significant (p&gt;0.05) differences in terms of translation between groups CI_Trans (98.74±112.01 μm), BC_Trans (84.12±64.95 μm), OC4.2_Trans (60.70±35.08 μm), OC4.5β_Trans (68.36±36.67 μm), and TR_Trans (66.60±64.39 μm). For rotation, there were no significant differences (p&gt;0.05) for groups CI_Rot (0.23±0.25°), BC_Rot (0.73±0.52°), OC4.2_Rot (0.45±0.31°), OC4.5β_Rot (0.50±0.36°), and TR_Rot (0.47±0.65°).

Conclusions:
Intraoral scanning devices allow the reproduction of the static relationship of the maxillary and mandibular teeth with the same accuracy as registration methods with poured model casts.