bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of functional status and daily life problems faced by elderly in a North Indian city
Authors: Kaur Sukhpal , Bhalla Ashish , Kumari Savita , Singh Amarjeet 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe increase in proportion of elderly implies that their problems demand more attention of the administrators. The current study was carried out to assess the functional status of the elderly and to explore the extent and pattern of routine daily life problems faced by them.MethodsAn integrated qualitative and quantitative research design was employed. A stratified multistage random sampling technique was used to select the respondents from various areas of Chandigarh. The houses were selected randomly from where elderly persons (> 60 years) were identified. Katz Index of Independence in activities of daily living (ADL) was used to evaluate functional ability of the respondents. Instrumental ADLs (IADLs) were assessed using Lawton and Brody scale. Focus group discussions and in‐depth interviews were conducted among the elderly to explore their problems using an interview guide.ResultsOne thousand and eighty elderly were enrolled in the study. Their mean age was 67.22 ± 7.54 years. (range 60–102 years). The majority (70%) were independent in carrying out their daily life activities. Financially, around one‐third were completely dependent and around half were partially dependent. Major dependence was in food preparation, housekeeping and laundry. From the qualitative data, four main themes were formulated, that is general personal problems of elderly; family problems; problems faced by elderly in hospitals and at public places. A feeling of purposelessness, financial insecurity, physical dependency, problems in hospitals and so on, emerged as the main problems.ConclusionsMajority of the elderly considered their lives as problematic because they were dependent physically as well as financially. The main domains of dependency were problems related to bowel continence, food preparation, housekeeping and laundry.
Differences in coping strategies among young adults and the elderly with cancer
Authors: Hernández Raquel , Calderon Caterina , Carmona‐Bayonas Alberto , Rodríguez Capote Alejandra , Jara Carlos , Padilla Álvarez Airam , Gómez‐Camacho María de las Nieves , Beato Carmen , Castelo Beatriz , Majem Margarita , Muñoz María del Mar , Ivars Alejandra , Mangas‐Izquierdo Montserrat , Rogado‐Revuelta Jacobo , Jimenez‐Fonseca Paula 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCoping with cancer and the oncologist–patient relationship can vary depending on the patient's age. Our aim is to examine and compare young and elderly adults with non‐metastatic, resected cancer.MethodsTwo groups of patients were selected, young (< 40 years) and elderly (> 70) with a diagnosis of non‐metastatic, resected cancer requiring adjuvant chemotherapy from a pre‐exiting, national database (NEOCOPING Study). Epidemiological variables were collected and subjects’ emotional responses, perceptions of the physician–patient relationship, support network, fears, and regret about the decision to receive chemotherapy were assessed with questionnaires validated in previous studies: Mini‐Mental Adjustment to Cancer, Brief Summary Inventory (18 items), European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐C30, Shared Decision‐Making Questionnaire‐Physician's version, Shared Decision‐Making Questionnaire‐Patient's version, and Informed Risk (physician and patient versions).ResultsData from 46 young and 46 elderly participants were collected. The most common neoplasms in both groups were breast (50%) and colorectal (22%). The younger adults had a higher level of education and were actively employed (72% vs. 7%). The leading coping strategy in the younger cohort was hope, and resignation among the elderly. Young adults sought more social support and the impact of diagnosis was more negative for them than for older individuals. No significant differences were detected in quality of life; both age groups demanded more time at their first visit with the doctor, while the older group exhibited greater satisfaction with shared decision‐making. At the end of adjuvant chemotherapy, neither age group regretted their decision to receive said treatment.ConclusionHigher levels of education, greater demands of the labour market, and the advent of the age of information have entailed drastic changes in the physician–patient relationship paradigm. This is especially true in the younger cancer patient population, who require more information and active participation in decision‐making, can display more anxiety about their diagnosis, but also greater capacity to fight.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal association of sports participation, media consumption and motor competence in youth
Authors: Drenowatz Clemens , Greier Klaus 
Published: February 2019

The beneficial associations of physical activity (PA) and sports with motor competence have been well documented. Similarly, high media time has been associated with poor motor competence. Limited information, however, is available on the combined effects of sport participation and media consumption on motor competence. The present study followed 213 Austrian middle‐school students (57% male; age at baseline: 10.4 ± 0.6 years) over a 4‐year period. Annual assessments included the German Motor Test 6‐18, along with self‐reported participation in club sports, time spent watching TV and using the computer. There were no interaction effects between sports participation and media time on motor competence. Club sports participation, however, was associated with higher motor competence, while there was an inverse association between media time and motor competence. Further, motor competence affected future participation in club sports while club sports had limited effects on subsequent motor development. High media time, on the other hand, impaired subsequent motor development, while effects of motor competence on media time were limited. Taken together, these results emphasize the importance of motor competence in the facilitation of sports participation during adolescence. Accordingly, a wide variety of movement experiences should be provided at young ages to promote motor development. In addition, the detrimental effects of media time on motor competence warrant that sedentary behaviors are targeted separately, particularly in youth not participating in sports.
Correlates of Food–Energy–Water Nexus Awareness Among the American Public*
Authors: Hannibal Bryce , Portney Kent 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveRecently, much research in the physical sciences has been dedicated to identifying a nexus or connection between water, energy, and food. This research agenda, however, has not been sufficiently examined in the social sciences. This article examines the extent to which individuals demonstrate awareness of the three nexus elements: water–energy, energy–food, and food–water.MethodsWe use three awareness indexes as dependent variables and varying sociodemographic characteristics and aspects of environmental concern as predictors in the statistical analysis.ResultsOur results suggest that there are some patterned or systematic correlates with the nexus elements, although relationships do not always turn out as anticipated. Indeed, explanations of nexus awareness do not follow previously studies’ explanations of environmental concern, and vary depending on which elements of the nexus are analyzed.ConclusionWe conclude with suggestions to raise awareness of the connections between natural resources among all populations. Such awareness will promote sustainable societies and reduce environmental inequality and issues of environmental justice
How Governance and Disasters Shape Renewable Energy Transitions: The Case of Japanese Mega‐Solar*
Authors: Fraser Timothy 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesThis mixed‐methods study examines whether governance and disasters affect towns that host more renewable power plants, focusing on solar facilities in Japan after the 3/11 disaster.MethodsI tested the effects of various factors on multiple sizes of feed‐in tariff certified solar power plants with negative binomial models. I confirmed those effects through process tracing using 14 interviews with local stakeholders from two prefectural case studies.ResultsMost prefectures boost solar power plant siting, especially for small plants 10–499 kilowatts (kW) in size. However, towns more damaged by disaster host less 10–499 kW plants because disasters create land‐use problems for solar.ConclusionWhen prefectures share information about renewable resources with local residents, they can compete more evenly with extraprefectural companies. However, disaster areas face extra governance challenges when introducing solar. Good subnational governance is vital to creating a more equitable, locally engaged renewable energy transition.
An in vitro pilot study of apheresis platelets collected on Trima Accel system and stored in T‐PAS+ solution at refrigeration temperature (1‐6°C)
Authors: Reddoch‐Cardenas Kristin M. , Sharma Umang , Salgado Christi L. , Montgomery Robbie K. , Cantu Carolina , Cingoz Neslihan , Bryant Ron , Darlington Daniel N. , Pidcoke Heather F. , Kamucheka Robin M. , Cap Andrew P. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUNDUsing platelet additive solution (PAS) to dilute fibrinogen during long‐term cold storage of platelets (PLTs) decreases PLT activation and increases functional PLT shelf life. We performed a randomized, paired study to assess the in vitro quality of PLTs stored in the cold in T‐PAS+ for up to 18 days evaluated against PLTs stored under currently allowable conditions (5‐day room temperature–stored PLTs [RTP] and 3‐day cold‐stored PLTs [CSP]).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPLTs were collected from healthy volunteers (n = 10) and diluted to 65% T‐PAS+/35% plasma before cold storage. Double‐dose apheresis PLTs (in 100% plasma) were collected from the same donors and split into two bags (one bag RTP, one bag CSP). All bags were sampled on the day of collection (Day 0). CSP and RTP bags were sampled on Days 3 and 5, respectively. T‐PAS+ samples were assessed on Days 3, 5, 14, 16, and 18 of storage for metabolism, hemostatic function, and activation.RESULTSAfter 18 days of storage in T‐PAS+, pH was 6.71 ± 0.04, PLT count was comparable to Day 3 CSP, PLT function (aggregation and clot strength) was comparable to Day 5 RTP, and PLT activation was significantly increased.CONCLUSIONRefrigerated PLTs stored in T‐PAS+ for 18 days met FDA pH standards. Functional metrics suggest activity of T‐PAS+‐stored PLTs and the potential to contribute to hemostasis throughout 18 days of storage. Extending the shelf life of PLTs would increase access to hemostatic resuscitation for bleeding patients in military and civilian settings.
Long‐term outcome of phacoemulsification in raptors—A retrospective study (1999‐2014)
Authors: Sigmund Alex B. , Jones Michael P. , Ward Daniel A. , Hendrix Diane V.H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine long‐term outcome of phacoemulsification in raptors at the University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center.Animals StudiedSeven nonreleasable diurnal raptors including, four bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), two red‐tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), and one peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) that had undergone phacoemulsification. All birds showed behavioral changes attributable to visual deficits prior to surgery.ProceduresAll birds underwent phacoemulsification for cataracts. Four underwent bilateral phacoemulsification, and three had unilateral surgery. Due to a low sample size, statistics were not done.ResultsSix raptors (nine eyes) had long‐term follow‐up (median 75 months, range 28 to 105 months). Seven of these eyes (78%) were visual at last examination. Of those visual eyes, two developed mild to moderate posterior synechiae, four had mild to moderate capsular opacities, and one developed a lipid keratopathy. The remaining two eyes with long‐term follow‐up were from the same red‐tailed hawk. Both eyes developed fibropupillary membranes that were blinding. One eye was pseudophakic, and the other was aphakic and also developed a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Another bald eagle was euthanized two months after surgery due to refractory glaucoma; one eye was pseudophakic.ConclusionsPhacoemulsification is a viable treatment for captive raptors with cataracts. The most severe complications occurred relatively soon after surgery. Captive raptors appear to adapt well to aphakia.
Hydromorphological, hydraulic and ecological effects of restored wood: findings and reflections from an academic partnership approach
Authors: Pinto Carolina , Ing Rebecca , Browning Ben , Delboni Vinicius , Wilson Hazel , Martyn Dominic , Harvey Gemma L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLarge wood (re)introduction can deliver multiple benefits in river restoration, but there is a dearth of the detailed and longer‐term post‐project monitoring and evaluation required for improving best practice. We present findings from an academic partnership approach to post‐project evaluation, based on successive MSc research projects on restored large wood in the Loddon catchment, UK. Field and modelling data reveal: (i) key differences in large wood features between restored and natural reaches; (ii) increased hydraulic retention and changes to mesohabitats associated with large wood; (iii) differences in macroinvertebrate community composition around large wood but a lack of site‐level effects; (iv) interactions between macrophytes and large wood that may be specific to restored reaches; (v) a need for further field and modelling studies to inform the accurate representation of large wood in hydraulic models. Some key challenges in partnership working are identified to aid planning and effectiveness of future collaborations.
Cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus modulate breathing in rats by direct projections to the retrotrapezoid nucleus
Authors: Lima Janayna D. , Sobrinho Cleyton R. , Falquetto Barbara , Santos Leonardo K. , Takakura Ana C. , Mulkey Daniel K. , Moreira Thiago S. 
Published: February 2019

Key points
Cholinergic projections from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) to the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) are considered to be important for sleep–wake state‐dependent control of breathing.
The RTN also receives cholinergic input from the postinspiratory complex.
Stimulation of the PPTg increases respiratory output under control conditions but not when muscarinic receptors in the RTN are blocked.
The data obtained in the present study support the possibility that arousal‐dependent modulation of breathing involves recruitment of cholinergic projections from the PPTg to the RTN.
AbstractThe pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) in the mesopontine region has important physiological functions, including breathing control. The PPTg contains a variety of cell types, including cholinergic neurons that project to the rostral aspect of the ventrolateral medulla. In addition, cholinergic signalling in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a region that contains neurons that regulate breathing in response to changes in CO2/H+, has been shown to activate chemosensitive neurons and increase inspiratory activity. The present study aimed to identify the source of cholinergic input to the RTN and determine whether cholinergic signalling in this region influences baseline breathing or the ventilatory response to CO2 in conscious male Wistar rats. Retrograde tracer Fluoro‐Gold injected into the RTN labelled a subset of cholinergic PPTg neurons that presumably project directly to the chemosensitive region of the RTN. In unrestrained awake rats, unilateral injection of the glutamate (10 mm/100 nL) in the PPTg decreased tidal volume (VT) but otherwise increased respiratory rate (fR) and net respiratory output as indicated by an increase in ventilation (VE). All respiratory responses elicited by PPTg stimulation were blunted by prior injection of methyl‐atropine (5 mm/50–75 nL) into the RTN. These results show that stimulation of the PPTg can increase respiratory activity in part by cholinergic activation of chemosensitive elements of the RTN. Based on previous evidence that cholinergic PPTg projections may simultaneously activate expiratory output from the pFRG, we speculate that cholinergic signalling at the level of RTN region could also be involved in breathing regulation.
Diagnostic performance of optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Miguel Ana I M , Silva André B , Azevedo Luis F 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCompared with current imaging methods, the diagnostic performance and the advantages and limitations of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) remain unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating vessel density (VD) in patients with glaucoma using OCTA.MethodsWe conducted a literature search on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ISI Conference Proceedings and Google Scholar, along with a manual search, from January 2006 to March 2018. We included prospective studies that used OCTA to compare the VD in glaucomatous eyes with healthy control eyes.ResultsOf 3045 screened articles, 24 were included in a broad characterisation and 18 in the meta-analysis. We observed a statistically significant reduction in the mean peripapillary VD (MPVD) in glaucoma (MPVD: 57.53%, 95% CI 52.60 to 62.46, p< 0.001) compared with controls (MPVD: 65.47%, 95% CI 59.82 to 71.11; standardised mean difference [SMD], –1.41, 95% CI –1.62 to –1.20, p< 0.001) for 888 glaucomatous and 475 healthy eyes, and also in the mean-whole optic nerve image VD (SMD, –9.63, 95% CI –10.22 to –9.03, p<0.001), mean inside-disc VD (SMD, − 9.51, 95% CI –12.66 to –6.36, p<0.05) and mean parafoveal VD (SMD, –3.92, 95% CI –4.73 to –3.12, p<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a significant difference in the MPVD across glaucoma subtypes and OCTA devices.ConclusionThis suggests the diagnostic utility of OCTA in detecting glaucomatous eyes; however, further longitudinal prospective studies are welcomed to characterise vascular changes in glaucoma.
Cross-sectional study of the association between serum perfluorinated alkyl acid concentrations and dental caries among US adolescents (NHANES 1999–2012)
Authors: Puttige Ramesh Nithya , Arora Manish , Braun Joseph M 
Published: February 2019

Study objectivesPerfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a class of anthropogenic and persistent compounds that may impact some biological pathways related to oral health. The objective of our study was to estimate the relationship between dental caries prevalence and exposure to four PFAA: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents.Setting/DesignWe analysed cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2012 for 12–19-year-old US adolescents.ParticipantsOf 10 856 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years who had a dental examination, we included 2869 with laboratory measurements for serum PFAA concentrations and complete covariate data in our study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDental caries prevalence was defined as the presence of decay or a restoration on any tooth surface, or the loss of a tooth due to tooth decay. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the covariate-adjusted association between serum PFAA concentrations and dental caries prevalence, accounting for the complex National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey design.ResultsOf 2869 adolescents, 59% had one or more dental caries. We observed no associations between the prevalence of dental caries and serum concentrations of PFOA, PFOS or PFHxS. The adjusted odds of caries were 21% (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.63 to 1.01), 15% (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.08) and 30% (OR 0.7; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.90) lower among adolescents in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th serum PFNA concentration quartiles compared to adolescents in the first quartile, respectively. The linear trend for this association was not statistically significant.ConclusionPFOA, PFOS and PFHxS were not associated with prevalence of dental caries. The prevalence of caries was reduced with increasing serum PFNA concentrations; however, these results should be interpreted cautiously given that we were unable to adjust for several factors related to oral health.
Sharing individual participant data from clinical studies: a cross-sectional online survey among Italian patient and citizen groups
Authors: Colombo Cinzia , Roberto Anna , Krleza-Jeric Karmela , Parmelli Elena , Banzi Rita 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo gather knowledge on the current debate, opinions and attitudes of Italian patient and citizen groups on individual participant data (IPD) sharing from clinical studies.DesignCross-sectional online survey.Setting and participantsA 22-item online questionnaire was sent by email to 2003 contacts of patient and citizen groups in Italy. We received 311 responses, checked for duplicate respondents (16); 295 single groups responded, 280 providing questionnaires eligible for analysis (response rate 15%). Ninety (32.1%) dealt with oncology and palliative care, 175 (46.2%) operated locally or regionally and 136 (48.6%) were involved in clinical research.Outcome measureData on Italian patient and citizen groups’ self-reported knowledge, attitudes and opinions on IPD sharing, mechanisms for IPD access, advantages and risks.ResultsHalf the respondents (144 out of 280, 51%) had some knowledge about the IPD sharing debate, and 60 (42%) stated they had an official position (35 in favour, 19 in favour with restrictions, 2 against, 1 neither for nor against, 3 missing). Nineteen discussed the topic encouraged by this survey; 39% approved broad access by researchers and other professions and identified information to participants, data de-identification, secure archives, access agreements and sanctions for misuse as important aspects of IPD sharing models. Respondents highlighted re-identification, privacy and re-use of data for purposes that participants do not agree on, as main risks, advancement of innovation and reducing waste in research as main advantages. Around half believed IPD sharing would not discourage study participation.ConclusionsHalf the respondents were aware of the debate. Those who had an official position were mainly in favour of IPD sharing. Many supported broad access, asking for conditions important for building trust in entities that handle IPD sharing.Although limited by the low response rate, these findings reinforce the demand for reliable and transparent processes where accountabilities are clear.