bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary intake of pearl millet based weaning food supplemented with iron and vitamin A enhances bioavailability of vitamin A in anemic rats
Authors: Sihag Manvesh Kumar , Sharma Vivek , Goyal Ankit , Arora Sumit , Kapila Rajeev 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The study was aimed to assess vitamin A bioavailability and allergenicity of pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum) based weaning food (PMWF) fortified with iron and retinyl acetate in male Wistar albino rats. Animals (n = 64) were divided into Normal (NG) and Anemic (AG) groups; further sub-divided into 4 sub-groups having 8 animals each receiving synthetic diet, commercial diet, iron fortified PMWF diet and iron (150.00 ± 0.73 ppm) plus retinyl acetate (393.00 ± 3.07 μg/100 g) fortified PMWF diet (Final diet). Results revealed that anemic sub-groups showed apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) in the range of 69.5 ± 0.40–93.2 ± 0.79%, which was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than normal sub-groups (65.5 ± 0.62–84.6 ± 0.33%). In both groups, rats fed final diet presented significantly (P < 0.01) higher ADC (84.6 ± 0.33–93.2 ± 0.79%) than that of animals received iron fortified diet (69.0 ± 0.59–76.1 ± 1.02%), indicating higher bioavailability of vitamin A in final diet. Moreover, hepatic vitamin A replenished rapidly in anemic groups (1.79–27.8) when compared to normal rats (1.11–19.4 μg/g liver). Immunoglobulins IgG, IgE in blood serum and IgA in intestinal fluid ranged from 574 ± 6.48 to 603 ± 9.76 μg/ml, 287 ± 4.46 to 309 ± 5.70 ng/ml and 204 ± 10.33 to 255 ± 13.22 μg/ml, respectively. However, no significant (P > 0.05) difference was observed between the groups and/or subgroups, suggesting no allergic response of final diet. Stimulation index triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ranged from 1.22 ± 0.06 to 1.45 ± 0.09 μg ml−1in normal sub-groups and 1.16 ± 0.02 to 1.33 ± 0.03 μg ml−1in anemic sub-groups with no significant (P > 0.05) difference among them. Overall, it can be concluded that retinyl acetate could be an effective fortificant to improve the status of vitamin A in anemic models.
Low-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Vitamin D for Anthropometric, Biochemical Blood Indices and Respiratory Function. Does it work?
Authors: Sujeta Arturas , Capkauskiene Sandrija , Vizbaraite Daiva , Stasiule Loreta , Balciunas Mindaugas , Stasiulis Arvydas , Kadusevicius Edmundas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3 have beneficial effects on different blood, cardiovascular parameters and physical performance. However, the effect of low-dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation remains unclear. 84 office workers aged 40–60 years, participated in a 16-week open, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. The experimental group received 330 mg of omega-3 fatty acid and 0.005 mg (200 IU) of vitamin D3 per day and the control group received placebo. Anthropometric, biochemical blood and respiratory indices were measured at 12 and 16 weeks. Body mass (BM) and body mass index (BMI) significantly reduced in both the experimental (BM from 74.4 ± 13.04 to 73.2 ± 13.02 kg, p < 0.001; BMI from 25.8 ± 4.1 to 25.4 ± 4.3 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and the placebo groups (BM from 69.5 ± 11. to 68.7 ± 11.4 kg, p < 0.05; BMI from 24.1 ± 4.0 to 23.8 ± 4.2 kg/m2, p < 0.05). Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly improved glucose (from 5.12 ± 0.55 to 4.97 ± 0.62 mmol/l; p = 0.05), total cholesterol (from 5.86 ± 1.0 to 5.32 ± 1.55 mmol/l; p = 0.003), and vitamin D levels (from 35.07 ± 21.65 to 68.63 ± 25.94 nmol/l; p = 0.000). Maximal oxygen consumption (from 33.7 ± 2.4 to 36.6 ± 3.2 ml/kg/min, p = 0.035), forced vital capacity (from 3.5 ± 0.6 to 3.9 ± 0.9 l, p = 0.044), forced expiratory volume (from 3.2 ± 0.6 to 3.5 ± 0.7 l, p = 0.014), and peak expiratory flow (from 6.7 ± 1.4 to 7.5 ± 1.6 l/s, p = 0.019) also slightly improved in the omega-3 fatty acid group. Daily supplementation of 330 mg of omega-3 fatty acids had a slight positive impact on total cholesterol and glucose level, while there was no effect on low and high density lipoproteins, and triglycerides levels. Therefore, dose of 330 mg per day seems as insufficient.
Impact of Crude Palm Oil Fortified Cookies Supplementation on Anthropometry, Vitamin A and Hematological Status of School Children in India
Authors: Ranjan Sobhana , Passi Santosh J. , Singh Som N. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Objectives: Food-based strategies remain the most sustainable solutions for combating micronutrient deficiencies. Crude palm oil being the richest natural source of β-carotene, the study aimed to assess the impact of crude palm oil fortified cookies supplementation on anthropometry, vitamin A and hematological status of school children. Methods: 444 children (boys-226, girls-218), aged 5-13 years from two Municipal Corporation of Delhi primary schools were enrolled. By draw of lot, children from one of the schools formed the experimental (n = 224; boys-119, girls-105) while other formed the placebo group (n = 220; boys-107; girls-113). Children from the experimental group received six crude palm oil fortified cookies providing 2152 μg of β-carotene while the placebo group received similar but non-fortified cookies each day for 50 school days. Anthropometry, vitamin A, and hematological status were assessed at baseline and post supplementation. Results: Post supplementation, the number of stunted subjects reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. There was a significant increase in plasma retinol (170.9%; mean change: 1.55 ± 1.30 μmol/L - experimental group vs. 0.45 ± 0.99 μmol/L - placebo group) and β-carotene (p < 0.01; median change from 0.55 to 0.76 μmol/L - experimental group vs. 0.59 to 0.55 μmol/L -placebo group) concentrations of the experimental group. The increase in hematological parameters (mean change in Hemoglobin: 1.64 g/dL in experimental group vs. 2.10 g/dL in placebo group) of both the groups were however, comparable. Conclusion: To address micronutrient deficiencies particularly in developing nations, the use of crude palm oil should be encouraged through supplementary feeding programs by way of ready-to-eat snacks.
Polyphenols, Vitamin C, in Vitro Antioxidant Capacity, α-Amylase and COX-2 Inhibitory Activities of Citrus Samples from Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Ernawita  , Thieme Constanze , Westphal Anna , Malarski Angelika , Böhm Volker 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This study was conducted to analyse antioxidant potencies, vitamin C contents, polyphenol profiles, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potencies of citrus fruits from Indonesia. Total phenolics contents (TPC) of seven citrus fruits from northern Aceh, Indonesia, were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) and Fast Blue BB (FBBB) methods. Total flavonoid content (TFC) test showed for peel and pulp extracts of calung and jeruk takengon (local mandarin) the highest values. H-TEAC (hydrophilic trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) and H-ORAC (hydrophilic oxygen reactive absorbance capacity) antioxidant capacity were highest for peel and pulp of jeruk takengon, calung and kruet mameh. Interestingly, peel extracts showed no α-amylase inhibition activity whilst pulp showed weak inhibitory activity. Polyphenol composition was dominated by flavanones, with hesperidin and neohesperidin as main flavanones (hesperidin: 131–5433 mg/100 g DW, neohesperidin: 431–4131 mg/100 g DW). Vitamin C contents were highly correlated with antioxidant capacities in pulp (R2 = 0.95 and R2 = 0.94 at p < 0.01 for H-TEAC and H-ORAC, respectively), and TPC and TFC were highly correlated with antioxidant capacities (R2 = 0.99 and R2 = 0.98 for TPC FC in pulp and R2 = 0.93 and R2 = 0.84 in peel for H-TEAC and H-ORAC, respectively; R2 = 0.88 and R2 = 0.80 in pulp, and R2 = 0.68 and R2 = 0.75 for TFC in peel for H-TEAC and H-ORAC at p < 0.01). In-vitro COX-2 inhibitory activity tests resulted in higher activity for pulp compared to the corresponding peel extracts except for calung. Pulp extract of jeruk takengon showed the highest activity. In general, local citrus fruits from Aceh, Indonesia, are potential sources of polyphenols and vitamin C.
Montmorency cherry supplement does not affect aerobic exercise performance in healthy men
Authors: Davis Greggory R. , Bellar David 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Aim: To determine the effects of short-term Montmorency cherry (MC) supplementation upon exercise performance, total blood nitrate levels, muscle oxygenation, and slow-component [Formula: see text]O2 kinetics. Methods: Twelve healthy male participants ingested a MC or placebo (PL) supplement in a randomized cross-over fashion over a six day period then cycled at a power output achieved at 70% of [Formula: see text]O2 peak for a maximum of 30 minutes or until exhaustion. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy sensors were used to determine muscle oxygenation. Blood was collected one hour post-supplement consumption on day one, day six, and one hour post-exercise. Results: All results are presented as mean ± SEM. Blood nitrate (μM/L) levels were not different one hour post-ingestion (MC = 8.30 ± 2.15, PL = 8.18 ± 1.86), following six days of supplementation (MC = 9.14 ± 1.89, PL = 7.24 ± 1.75) or one hour post-exercise (MC = 9.63 ± 1.61, PL = 7.97 ± 1.92) for treatment F = 0.26, p = 0.62; for time F = 0.45, p = 0.64; or treatment by time interaction F = 2.28, p = 0.13. Muscle oxygenation was not different between treatments for the right or left vastus lateralis, F = 0.68, p = 0.81 nor was time to respiratory compensation point (minutes) (MC = 18.40 ± 1.48, PL = 17.16 ± 1.78) F = 0.52, p = 0.60. MC supplement ingestion does not alter blood nitrate levels. Conclusion: Short-term MC ingestion does not increase muscle oxygenation during cycling exercise nor does it change slow-component [Formula: see text]O2 kinetics.
Lutein Complex Supplementation Increases Ocular Blood Flow Biomarkers in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Harris Alon , Siesky Brent , Huang Amelia , Do Thai , Mathew Sunu , Frantz Rachel , Gross Josh , Januleviciene Ingrida , Verticchio Vercellin Alice C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Introduction: To investigate the effects of a lutein complex supplementation on ocular blood flow in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Sixteen healthy female patients (mean age 36.8 ± 12.1 years) were enrolled in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, two-period crossover study. Subjects received daily an oral dose of the lutein with synergistic phytochemicals complex (lutein (10 mg), ascorbic acid (500 mg), tocopherols (364 mg), carnosic acid (2.5 mg), zeaxanthin (2 mg), copper (2 mg), with synergistic effects in reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines when administered together in combination) and placebo during administration periods. Measurements were taken before and after three-week supplementation periods, with crossover visits separated by a three-week washout period. Data analysis included blood pressure, heart rate, intraocular pressure, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity detection, ocular perfusion pressure, confocal scanning laser Doppler imaging of retinal capillary blood flow, and Doppler imaging of the retrobulbar blood vessels. Results: Lutein complex supplementation produced a statistically significant increase in mean superior retinal capillary blood flow, measured in arbitrary units (60, p = 0.0466) and a decrease in the percentage of avascular area in the superior (−0.029, p = 0.0491) and inferior (−0.023, p = 0.0477) retina, as well as reduced systolic (−4.06, p = 0.0295) and diastolic (−3.69, p = 0.0441) blood pressure measured in mmHg from baseline. Data comparison between the two supplement groups revealed a significant decrease in systemic diastolic blood pressure (change from pre- to post-treatment with lutein supplement (mean (SE)): −3.69 (1.68); change from pre- to post-treatment with placebo: 0.31 (2.57); p = 0.0357) and a significant increase in the peak systolic velocity (measured in cm/sec) in the central retinal artery (change from pre- to post-treatment with lutein supplement: 0.36 (0.19); change from pre- to post-treatment with placebo: −0.33 (0.21); p = 0.0384) with lutein complex supplement; data analyses from the placebo group were all non-significant. Discussion: In healthy participants, oral administration of a lutein phytochemicals complex for three weeks produced increased ocular blood flow biomarkers within retinal vascular beds and reduced diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Linalool in Rats Against Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Altınok-Yipel Fulya , Ozan Tekeli İbrahim , Özsoy Şule Yurdagül , Güvenç Mehmet , Kaya Alpaslan , Yipel Mustafa 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This study aimed to investigate and compare hepatoprotective activity of Coriandrum sativum (Cs) and it is major component linalool (Ln) against experimentally induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Essential oil of Cs was isolated by hydrodistillation method and chemical composition was determined by GS-MS analysis. 42 male Wistar Albino rats were divited into 7 groups each containing 6. The experimental groups were designed as: Normal control group, 1 ml/kg CCl4 administirated group, 25 mg/kg Silymarin and CCl4 administirated group, 100 and 200 mg/kg Cs and CCl4 administirated groups, 100 and 200 mg/kg Ln and CCl4 administered groups. The protective activities were determined according to the results of liver biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP), antioxidant parameters (GSH, GPx, CAT), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and histopathological examination. Linalool percentage of Cs was 81.6%. The groups treated with linalool (100 and 200 mg/kg) (p < 0.01) and coriander (200 mg/kg) (p < 0.05) had significantly reduced AST (262–375) and ALT (101–290) levels (U/L) compared to the CCl4 (600–622) group. The levels (nmol/g protein) of MDA (11–12) were significantly lower (p < 0.01), the levels of GSH (11–12) and the activities of CAT (23–24) were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in linalool groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) compared to the CCl4 (18-5-10 respectively) group. These results were also supported by histopathological findings and indicate that Cs and Ln shows hepatoprotective activity against liver damage. In this regard, evaluation of activities of major components are needed to compare to medicinal plants in experimental diseases models.
Strong parent-child correlation in circulating vitamin B12 levels and its association with inflammatory markers in Saudi families
Authors: M Al-Daghri Nasser , Abd-Alrahman Sherif , Wani Kaiser , Krishnaswamy Soundararajan , Alenad Amal , Hassan Mohammed A. , S Al-Attas Omar , Alokail Majed S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to adverse effects on human health, but limited information is available as to whether abnormal vitamin B12 levels are associated between parents and offspring. The present study aimed to assess the association between circulating levels of vitamin B12 in Saudi parents and their children as well as its association with pro-inflammatory markers. A total of 104 Saudi families: 49 fathers, 63 mothers, 94 sons and 79 daughters were selected for the study. Fasting blood samples and anthropometrics were collected. Biochemical parameters, various pro-inflammatory markers and vitamin B12 were measured. Results showed a significant positive correlation between B12 levels in most parent-offspring pairs: mother-daughter (N = 46 pairs, r = 0.72, p < 0.0001); father-daughter (N = 39, r = 0.62, p < 0.0001) and mother-son (N = 51, r = 0.42, p < 0.01). This association was absent in father-son pairs (N = 48, r = 0.26, p = 0.09). Also, B12 was inversely associated with tumor necrosis factor-α and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in parents (r = −0.32; p < 0.01 and r = −0.31; p < 0.01 respectively) and children (r = −0.14; p < 0.01 and r = −0.19; p < 0.01 respectively). A significant inverse correlation was found between vitamin B12 and leptin in mothers (r = −0.31, p < 0.05). Our study suggests a strong familial component between B12 levels indicating a possible genetic influence on individual B12 status. Our study also suggests an inverse correlation between circulating levels of vitamin B12 and pro-inflammatory markers. The present study highlights the importance of extending screening in families of patients with abnormal B12 levels and expanding treatment, if necessary, to maximize clinical benefits.
Säuglinge präferieren geschlechtsunabhängig eine Gruppe gegenüber einem Einzelindividuum
Authors: Erdmann Kathrin , Heil Martin 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung. Während Jungen und Männer bevorzugt in der Gruppe interagieren, präferieren Mädchen und Frauen die Dyade. Obwohl sich der Geschlechterunterschied meist erst ab einem Alter von 6 Jahren über die Interaktion mit anderen Kindern zeigte, konnte er über die Blickpräferenz auf soziale Gruppen- versus Einzelstimuli bereits bei 6 bis 9 Monate alten Säuglingen beobachtet werden. Die präsentierten Studien sind Replikationen bisheriger Säuglingsforschung mit einer deutlich größeren Stichprobe. Es wurden Säuglinge im Alter von 6 und 9 Monaten bezüglich ihrer Präferenz für einen sozialen Gruppenreiz oder einen Einzelreiz untersucht ( N = 352). Es wurden weder Geschlechterunterschiede für die Gesamtstichprobe noch für 6 oder 9 Monate alte Säuglinge gefunden. Sowohl Jungen als auch Mädchen bevorzugten die Gruppenreize. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem aktuellen Stand der Forschung diskutiert.
The Role of Inherited Lithospheric Heterogeneities in Defining the Crustal Architecture of Rifted Margins and the Magmatic Budget During Continental Breakup
Authors: Gouiza Mohamed , Paton Douglas A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDuring the final stage of continental rifting, stretching localizes in the future distal domain where lithospheric necking occurs resulting in continental breakup. In magma‐poor margins, the lithospheric necking is accompanied by crustal hyperextension, serpentinization, and exhumation of mantle lithosphere in the continent‐ocean transition domain. In magma‐rich margins, the necking is accomplished by the emplacement of large amounts of volcanics in the continental‐ocean transition, in the form of seaward dipping wedges of flood basalts (seaward dipping reflections). This study examines the factors controlling the final crustal architecture observed in rifted margins and the magmatic budget during continental breakup, using observations from the Labrador Sea. The latter shows magma‐rich breakup with seaward dipping reflections documented in the north and magma‐poor breakup with a wide domain of exhumed serpentinized mantle recorded in the south. The pre‐rift strength of the lithosphere, defined by the inherited thermal structure, composition, and thickness of the lithospheric layers, controls the structural evolution during rifting. While variations in the magmatic budget associated with breakup are controlled primarily by the interaction between the pre‐rift inheritance, the timing and the degree of mantle melting, in relation to lithospheric thinning and mantle hydration.
Application of Clumped Isotope Thermometry to Benthic Foraminifera
Authors: Piasecki Alison , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Grauel Anna‐Lena , Hannisdal Bjarte , Ho Sze Ling , Leutert Thomas J. , Marchitto Thomas M. , Meinicke Niklas , Tisserand Amandine , Meckler Nele 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObtaining absolute temperatures of the ocean in deep time is complicated by the lack of constraints on seawater chemistry. Seawater salinity, carbonate ion concentration, δ18O, and elemental abundance changes may obscure widely applied paleoproxies. In addition, with foraminifera‐based proxies applied over long time scales or through major transitions, taxonomic turnover can impair the robustness of a record. While requiring larger sample sizes than most other proxies, the clumped isotope method is independent of seawater chemistry. Here we test if small benthic foraminifera precipitate their carbonate in equilibrium with respect to the clumped isotope thermometer and if there are any species‐specific vital effects. We find that benthic foraminifera fall on the same calibration line as the majority of carbonate minerals including inorganic calcite. In addition, we find no offsets that can be attributed to a species‐specific for any of the samples. This finding implies that a necessary amount of sample material can be obtained by aggregating over multiple taxa of benthic foraminifera and allows for the application of this proxy over major climatic transitions that coincide with seawater chemistry changes and foraminifera extinctions.
Uncovering the Pattern of Forced Sea Level Rise in the Satellite Altimeter Record
Authors: Hamlington Benjamin D. , Fasullo John T. , Nerem R. Steven , Kim Kwang‐Yul , Landerer F. W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe continuous and near‐global coverage of satellite altimeters has provided an improved understanding of sea level rise on both global and regional scales. With its relatively short record, however, questions have persisted regarding how well satellite‐measured trends reflect the trends associated with forced or anthropogenic forcing. Masking the forced sea level rise in the altimeter record is the presence of unaccounted‐for, naturally occurring variability. Here, a combined approach using models and observations is used to attribute a portion of the satellite‐measured sea level record to natural variability. The agreement between the observations and models makes clear the quality of current models and their ability to realistically capture sea level variability. This paper shows a regional trend pattern where the influence of natural variability has been reduced, providing a clearer picture of how anthropogenic forcing may impact sea level arise around the globe.
SuperDARN Evidence for Convection‐Driven Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Polar Ionosphere
Authors: Ramirez U. , Wang Ningchao , Chartier Alex T. , Datta‐Barua S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolar cap patches are large sporadic enhancements of plasma density on the scale of hundreds of kilometers, which can impact the performance of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) are ridges that show areas of maximal separation in a time‐evolving flow. Previous work based on modeled ionospheric flow showed that LCSs exist in the ionosphere and are barriers governing patch formation. In this work, we identify the first data‐driven LCSs in the high‐latitude ionosphere using Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) ion convection fields. The LCSs found using the Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Algorithm for LCSs are compared during geomagnetically quiet and active periods. The shape of the LCS is found to be dependent on the electric potential pattern. A consistent two‐cell pattern results in a W‐shaped LCS, but when the two‐cell pattern breaks down, the LCS loses this characteristic shape. The changes in the electric potential, and thus the LCS, are likely due to changes in the interplanetary magnetic field. A comparison between LCSs obtained from empirical models and data reveal that the data‐driven LCSs are poleward of and have a shorter longitudinal span than the model‐based LCSs. A comparison of the LCS location and the formation of a polar cap patch on 17 March 2015 showed that the center of the patch developed from plasma on the main LCS ridge, and this is confirmed with a separate polar cap patch event from 26 September 2011.