bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defects in centromeric/pericentromeric histone H2A T120 phosphorylation by hBUB1 cause chromosome missegregation producing multinucleated cells
Authors: Maeda Katsutoshi , Yoneda Mitsuhiro , Nakagawa Takeya , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Higashi Miki , Nakagawa Kaori , Miyakoda Mana , Yui Katsuyuki , Oda Hiroaki , Inoue Satoshi , Ito Takashi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHistone H2A phosphorylation plays a role both in chromatin condensation during mitosis and in transcriptional activation during the G1/S transition. Bub1 and NHK1/VRK1 have been identified as histone H2A kinases. However, little is known about the importance of histone H2A phosphorylation in chromosome segregation. Here, we expressed recombinant hBUB1 and confirmed that it phosphorylates histone H2A T120 in the in vitro‐assembled nucleosome. Knockdown (KD) of BUB1 decreases bulk H2A T120 phosphorylation in HeLa cells, whereas hBUB1 is upregulated during mitosis, which corresponds with H2A T120 phosphorylation. ChIP‐qPCR of the DXZ1 centromeric and γ‐ALR pericentromeric region showed that BUB1 localizes to this region and increases local H2A T120 phosphorylation during M phase. BUB1 KD did not induce apoptosis but increased the M phase cell population, as detected by flow cytometry. BUB1 KD also caused an abnormal metaphase and telophase, resulting in multinucleated cells and impaired cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Over‐expression of the histone H2A T120D or T120E mutations, which mimic phosphorylated threonine, decreased the number of multinucleated cells caused by BUB1 KD. These results strengthen the apparent importance of BUB1‐mediated H2A T120 phosphorylation in normal mitosis.
Evaluating the thrombin generation profiles of four different rFVIII products in FVIII‐deficient plasma using FIXa and FXIa activation
Authors: Brophy Donald F. , Martin Erika J. , Ninivaggi Marisa , Mohammed Bassem M. , Barrett John C. , Kuhn Janice , Nolte Melinda E. , Waters Emily K. , Ezban Mirella 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionThe thrombin generation assay (TGA) can be used to monitor factor replacement therapy in patients with haemophilia. The TGA assay is typically performed using tissue factor as the reaction activator; however, activating with FIXa or FXIa can enhance assay sensitivity when FVIII < 1%.AimsTo evaluate the sensitivity of the TGA when FIXa (5 nmol/L) and FXIa (0.22 nmol/L) are used to activate the assay in platelet‐poor plasma and to compare these data to the one‐stage and chromogenic assays.MethodsPlasma from 10 severe FVIII‐deficient subjects was supplemented with FVIII (0%, 0.1%, 0.4%, 1.2%, 4%, 11% and 33%), using either Novo Eight®, Advate®, Eloctate®, turoctocog alfa pegol or a control standard. The one‐stage and chromogenic assays quantified the FVIII levels. The TGA assay was activated using either FIXa or FXIa.ResultsBoth FIXa‐ and FXIa‐activated TGA were sensitive across FVIII concentrations, with intra‐assay coefficient of variation (CV) < 10%. The FXIa‐activated assay had 25% CV at the lowest level of FVIII compared to 10% CV with FIXa activation. There were strong correlations between the FIXa‐ and FXIa‐activated TGA tests (R2 = 0.9912) and between the one‐stage and chromogenic assays (R2 = 0.9469). However, there were poor relationships between the TGA tests and one‐stage and chromogenic assays.ConclusionsBoth FIXa‐ and FXIa activation results in similar TGA profiles across a FVIII range of 0.1%‐33%; however, FIXa activation was more robust at the lowest levels of FVIII compared with FXIa activation.
Migraine and Non‐Migraine Headaches Following Diagnostic Catheter‐Based Cerebral Angiography
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Naseem Nishath , Saleem Muhammad A. , Potluri Anvita , Raja Faisal , Wallery Shawn S. 
Published: August 2018

Background and ObjectiveNo reliable estimates of headaches following catheter‐based cerebral angiography are available. We performed an observational cohort study to ascertain the frequency and type of headaches following catheter‐based cerebral angiography.Materials and MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent cerebral angiography through the transfemoral (or infrequently radial) route were included. Each patient underwent a brief neurological assessment after the procedure and more detailed assessment was performed if any patient reported occurrence of a headache. The headaches were classified as migraine if the diagnostic criteria specified by International Headache Society were met. The headache severity was classified using a visual numeric rating scale and time to reach pain free status for 2 consecutive hours was ascertained.ResultsMigraine headaches occurred in 5 (3.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–7.2%) of 158 patients who underwent cerebral angiography. The median severity of migraine headaches was 10/10 and time to resolution of headaches was 120 minutes (range 60–360 minutes). Migraine headaches occurred in 4 (18.1%, 95% CI 5.2–40.3%) of 22 patients with a history of migraine and 4 (23.5%, 95% CI 6.8–50%) of 17 patients with regular migraine headaches (≥1 episodes per month). Headaches occurred in 6 (3.8%, 95% CI 1.8–8.0%) patients who did not meet the criteria for migraine headaches.ConclusionsWe provide occurrence rates of migraine headaches, an under‐recognized adverse event, in patients undergoing catheter‐based cerebral angiography.
Long‐term views on chronic kidney disease research priorities among stakeholders engaged in a priority‐setting partnership: A qualitative study
Authors: Elliott Meghan J. , Sale Joanna E. M. , Goodarzi Zahra , Wilhelm Linda , Laupacis Andreas , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. , Straus Sharon E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients and stakeholders are increasingly engaging in health research to help address evidence‐practice gaps and improve health‐care delivery. We previously engaged patients, caregivers, health‐care providers (HCPs) and policymakers in identifying priorities for chronic kidney disease (CKD) research.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore participants' views on the research priorities and prioritization process 2 years after the exercise took place.DesignIn this qualitative descriptive study, individual interviews were conducted and analysed using an inductive, thematic analysis approach.Setting/participantsParticipants resided across Canada. We purposively sampled across stakeholder groups (CKD patients, caregivers, HCPs and policymakers) and types of engagement (wiki, workshop and/or steering committee) from the previous CKD priority‐setting project.ResultsAcross 23 interviews, participants discussed their research priorities over time, views on the prioritization process and perceived applicability of the priorities. Even though their individual priorities may have changed, participants remained in agreement overall with the previously identified priorities, and some perceived a distinction between patient and HCP priorities. They tended to balance individual priorities with their broader potential impact and viewed the prioritization process as systematic, collaborative and legitimate. However, participants acknowledged challenges to applying the priorities and emphasized the importance of communicating the project's outcomes upon its completion.ConclusionTwo years after engaging in CKD research prioritization, stakeholder participants remained in agreement with the previously identified priorities, which they felt reflected group deliberation and consensus. Rapport and communication were highlighted as key elements supporting effective engagement in research prioritization.
Igbo historiography:PartIII
Authors: Chuku Gloria 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIgbo historiography has advanced since the publication of the epic narrative of Olaudah Equiano in 1789 and its different versions, especially that of Paul Edwards, a British literary historian in 1969. The main objective of this essay is to demonstrate the vitality and diversity of Igbo historical studies and provide informative and thoughtful interpretations of its strengths and weaknesses. In three parts, the essay examines the origin, dispersal, and settlement of the people; sociopolitical institutions and organization; economic systems, including slavery and the transatlantic slave trade, and the colonial economy; Igbo religion, Islam, Christianity, and Western education; colonial encounter; the Igbo in precolonial and modern Nigeria with focus on intergroup relations, ethnicity, and the Nigeria‐Biafra War; and Igbo intellectual history. The essay makes a spirited critique of areas of overemphasis and the conceptual and methodological issues. It suggests important neglected themes that require further historical investigations. Its primary goal is to nudge Igbo historiography in new and challenging directions and inspire historians interested in Igbo studies to adopt a historiographical approach that emphasizes currency, relevance, and usability.
Equivocal (HER2 IHC 2+) breast carcinomas: gene–protein assay testing reveals association between genetic heterogeneity, individual cell amplification status and potential treatment benefits
Authors: Pekar Gyula , Kasselaki Ionna , Pekar‐Lukacs Agnes , Dekany Csaba , Hellberg Dan , Tot Tibor 
Published: August 2018

AimsGenetic heterogeneity can pose a challenge to identifying eligible cases for targeted therapy in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) 2+ breast carcinoma group. In this study, we characterised this subset of tumours according to clinicopathological parameters.Methods and resultsWe assessed 1000 tumour cells per case and recorded the number of HER2 and chromosome enumeration probe 17 (CEP17) copies using gene–protein assay slides. HER2 status was determined based on ASCO/CAP 2013 guidelines. Tumours with 5–50% of cancer cells with amplification were considered to be heterogeneous, whereas those with >50% were considered to be non‐heterogeneous. In a study cohort of 110 HER2 IHC 2+ carcinomas, 93 (84.5%) were non‐amplified, 12 (10.9%) were amplified and five (4.5%) were ISH‐equivocal. All the HER2‐amplified and two of ISH‐equivocal cases (12.7%) corresponded to non‐heterogeneous tumours, with highly significant differences evident in the average HER2/CEP17 ratio (P = 0.0002) and the proportion of cells with HER2 >6 copies (P < 0.0001) compared with heterogeneous lesions. NST grade 3 and HER2‐amplified carcinomas average HER2/CEP17 ratio correlated with an increased number of cells with HER2/CEP17 ≥2.0 (P < 0.014). Triple‐negative CEP17 polysomic carcinomas showed increased metastatic capacity (P = 0.003) compared with other tumour types.ConclusionNon‐heterogeneous HER2 IHC 2+ tumours tend to be HER2‐amplified. Adding the percentage of cells with HER2 >6 copies to the average HER2/CEP17 ratio may facilitate assessment of amplification status in ISH‐equivocal cases. The proportion of cells with HER2/CEP17 ≥2.0 contributes information concerning the actual average HER2/CEP17 ratio, depending on tumour type.
Development of field cancerization in the clinically normal oral mucosa of shisha smokers
Authors: Amer Hatem W. , Waguih Hend M. , El‐Rouby Dalia H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the changes that occur in the oral mucosa of shisha smokers and compare them to cigarette smokers, nonsmokers and smokers of both shisha and cigarettes and to detect whether these changes could be detected biochemically in saliva.MethodsFour groups of subjects were included in our study (16 in each group); cigarette smokers, shisha smokers, nonsmokers and smokers of both. A salivary sample and a mucosal biopsy were obtained from each subject. Salivary detection of CYFRA 21‐1 was performed on each salivary sample. The mucosal biopsy was examined by routine H&E techniques. Furthermore, immunohistochemical expression of p53 was studied in all cases.ResultsA statistically significant difference in p53 expression was present between nonsmokers and the three smoker groups. However, no statistically significant variation was present between the 3 smoker groups. Furthermore, no statistically significant changes were found in the CYFRA 21‐1 levels among the four groups.ConclusionShisha smoking has the same damaging effect on the oral mucosa as cigarette smoking. Furthermore, no correlation was detected between the histological findings and the salivary biomarker used (CYFRA 21‐1).
PREFERENCES UNDER IGNORANCE
Authors: Gossner Olivier , Kuzmics Christoph 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA decision maker (DM) makes choices from different sets of alternatives. The DM is initially ignorant of the payoff associated with each alternative and learns these payoffs only after a large number of choices have been made. We show that, in the presence of an outside option, once payoffs are learned, the optimal choice rule from sets of alternatives can be rationalized by a DM with strict preferences over all alternatives. Under this model, the DM has preferences for preferences while being ignorant of what preferences are “right.”
AUCTION–LOTTERY HYBRID MECHANISMS: STRUCTURAL MODEL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Huang Yangguang , Wen Quan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article studies an auction–lottery hybrid mechanism that is widely adopted in allocating new vehicle licenses in China. We characterize individuals' entry and bidding strategies in a symmetric Bayesian Nash equilibrium, structurally estimate individuals' value distribution from a data set of a Guangzhou program, and evaluate the performance of the mechanism. Based on the estimated distribution and counterfactual analysis, our study suggests that a hybrid mechanism preserves 83% efficiency and 52% of revenue, while it improves equity by 25 times compared to a pure auction. We show that allowing auction losers to participate in the lottery can further enhance the performance.
Idiopathic histiocytoid Sweet syndrome: a case report with clinical and histopathological considerations
Authors: Secchin Pedro , Gomes Maria K. , Quintella Danielle C. , Barata Mariangela C. C. , Machado Humberto S. V. , Ramos‐e‐Silva Marcia , Cuzzi Tullia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundHistiocytoid Sweet syndrome is characterized by a predominant neutrophilic dermal infiltrate. Usual clinical differential diagnosis includes erythema multiforme, drug eruption, and erythema nodosum. Histiocytoid Sweet syndrome is considered an uncommon histopathological variant of the disease.MethodsWe evaluated clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings of a case categorized as idiopathic histiocytoid Sweet syndrome in which clinical‐epidemiological data raised the possibilities of Sweet syndrome, leprosy, and drug reaction.ResultsPositive reaction to myeloperoxidase (MPO) in histiocytoid cells of the dermal infiltrate, response to oral corticosteroids, clinical and laboratory investigation, and absence of cutaneous lesions or clinical complaints within 1 year of follow‐up are consistent with the diagnosis of idiopathic histiocytoid Sweet syndrome. CD68 (PG‐M1) and CD15 positive cells were also present among dermal cells.ConclusionsEpidemiological data are relevant while considering a clinical differential diagnosis of Sweet syndrome that can be further expanded, from a histopathological point of view, when dealing with the histiocytoid variant since neutrophils, macrophages, and immature myelomonocytic cells with histiocytoid morphology are present. The significance of the MPO positive mononuclear dermal cells are not completely established.
Investigation of umami and kokumi taste‐active components in bovine bone marrow extract produced during enzymatic hydrolysis and Maillard reaction
Authors: Xu Xinru , You Mengchen , Song Huanlu , Gong Lin , Pan Wenqing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUmami‐ and kokumi‐taste‐active peptides in Maillard reaction products of enzymatic hydrolysate of bovine bone marrow extract (BBME) were purified and identified by ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry (LC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS) and sensory evaluation. Eight umami and kokumi taste oligopeptides were found in the enzymatic hydrolysate of BBME. After Maillard reaction, the numbers of oligopeptides increased to twelve, such as Ala‐His, Ala‐Val‐His, Gly‐Pro, His‐Gly, Pro‐Ala‐His, Pro‐Val‐Asn‐His, Phe‐Glu‐Ala, Ala‐Ala‐Cys‐Arg, Leu‐Met, Leu‐Thr‐His, Pro‐Gly‐His, Ser‐Thr‐Gly‐Arg, which are linked to a variety of functional properties, such as ACE inhibitor, prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, etc. Eight peptides, including Cys‐Pro‐Arg, Ser‐Gly‐Val‐Glu, Pro‐Cys, Cys‐Glu, Cys‐Met‐Thr, Phe‐Glu‐Ala, Ala‐Gln and Leu‐Met, were synthesised and then subjected to sensory evaluation. The evaluation showed that among the eight peptides, Cys‐Pro‐Arg, Pro‐Cys and Leu‐Met led to the distinctly enhanced kokumi taste in blank beef soup.
Rapidly colorimetric detection of caffeine in beverages by silver nanoparticle sensors coupled with magnetic molecularly imprinted polymeric microspheres
Authors: Deng Huiyun , Wang Bin , Wu Mao , Deng Bin , Xie Lianwu , Guo Yaping 
Published: August 2018

SummaryExcessively intaking caffeine can harm human health, and it is imperative to develop a rapid method to identify caffeine for food safety. The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymeric microspheres (MMIPs) were prepared to pretreat samples before silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) colorimetric detection of caffeine. Using Fe3O4 as supporting core, mesoporous SiO2 as intermediate shell, α‐methylacrylic acid as functional monomer and caffeine as template, the prepared MMIPs were characterised by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. Adsorption process followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity at 38.8 mg g−1 under 298 K. The MMIPs extract caffeine from beverages, then the AgNPs colorimetric method rapidly screened and semi‐quantified caffeine ≥5 mg L−1 by naked eye, and accurately quantified caffeine ranging 0.1–5 mg L−1 by UV‐vis spectroscopy at 393 nm, which were consistent with HPLC analytical results. Thus, this method might be used to rapidly enrich and analyse caffeine in beverages.
Innovation in Family Firms: A Systematic Literature Review and Guidance for Future Research
Authors: Calabrò Andrea , Vecchiarini Mariangela , Gast Johanna , Campopiano Giovanna , De Massis Alfredo , Kraus Sascha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThrough a systematic review of 118 peer‐reviewed journal articles published between 1961 and 2017, this article provides an integrative picture of the state of the art of the family firm innovation literature. Our aim is to widen existing understanding of innovation in family firms by building a theoretical bridge with studies in the mainstream innovation literature. Specifically, in identifying the main gaps in the literature and providing future research directions, our critical and dynamic picture of family‐specific determinants of innovation is intended to advance the debate on innovation in general, and family firms in particular.
Nobody Puts Baby in the Container: The Foetal Container Model at Work in Medicine and Commercial Surrogacy
Authors: Baron Teresa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article argues that a particular metaphysical model permeates cultural practices surrounding pregnancy: the foetal container model. Widespread uncritical reliance on this view of pregnancy has been highly detrimental to women's liberty and reproductive autonomy. In this article, I extend existing critiques of the medical treatment of pregnant women to the context of the burgeoning commercial surrogacy industry. In doing so, I aim to show that our philosophical analysis in both spheres is constrained by the presupposition that the foetus and pregnant woman are metaphysically and ethically distinct entities. By exploring the similarities and differences between the expectations placed on pregnant women in these two spheres, I show that the foetal container model is not a homogeneous understanding of pregnancy applied consistently across contexts; rather, it has been used to justify various practices and attitudes toward pregnancy and pregnant women through different moral frameworks, in the service of different overarching aims.
Selective differentiation during the colonization and establishment of a newly invasive species
Authors: Marchini Gina L. , Arredondo Tina M. , Cruzan Mitchell B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe potential for rapid evolution in invasive species makes them useful for studying adaptive responses of populations to novel environments. However, phenotypic divergence during invasion is not necessarily due to selection, but may be a product of neutral processes resulting from population bottlenecks during colonization and range expansion. We investigated phenotypic adaptation during the establishment and range expansion of the invasive bunchgrass, slender false brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum; Poaceae). Utilizing a novel approach, we made robust comparisons of functional traits using genetic similarity based on unique alleles to determine the genetic probability of contribution from native source regions and integrated these probabilities into our QST–FST comparisons for 12 physiological and anatomical traits associated with drought stress in the introduced range. Our results indicate phenotypic divergence greater than neutral expectations in five traits between native and invasive populations, indicating selective divergence occurred during invasive species establishment. The results indicate that the majority of divergence in B. sylvaticum occurred after introduction to the novel environment, but prior to invasive range expansion. This study provides evidence for adaptive genetic differentiation during the establishment of an invasive species, while also describing a robust method for the detection of selective processes after species introduction to a novel environment.
Psychiatry's contribution to the public stereotype of schizophrenia: Historical considerations
Authors: Katschnig Heinz 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe public stereotype of schizophrenia is characterized by craziness, a split personality, unpredictable and dangerous behaviour, and by the idea of a chronic brain disease. It is responsible for delays in help‐seeking, encourages social distance and discrimination, and furthers self‐stigmatization. This paper discusses the circumstances of the origins of the idea of a chronic brain disease (Emil Kraepelin, 1856‐1926), of the split personality concept derived from the term “schizophrenia” (Eugen Bleuler, 1857‐1939), and the craziness idea reflected in the “first rank symptoms”, which are all hallucinations and delusions (Kurt Schneider, 1887‐1967). It shows how Emil Kraepelin's scientific search for homogenous groups of patients with a common aetiology, symptom pattern, and prognosis materialized in the definition of “dementia praecox” as a progressing brain disease; how Eugen Bleuler's life and professional circumstances facilitated an “empathic” approach to his patients and prompted him to put in the foreground incoherence of cognitive and affective functioning, and not the course of the disease; finally, how Kurt Schneider in his didactic attempt to teach general practitioners how to reliably diagnose schizophrenia, neglected what Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler had emphasized decades earlier and devised his own criteria, consisting exclusively of hallucinations and delusions. In a strange conglomerate, the modern operational diagnostic criteria reflect all three approaches, by claiming to be Neo‐Kraepelinean in terms of defining a categorical disease entity with a suggestion of chronicity, by keeping Bleuler's ambiguous term schizophrenia, and by relying heavily on Kurt Schneider's hallucinations and delusions. While interrater reliability may have improved with operational diagnostic criteria, the definition of schizophrenia is still arbitrary and has no empirical validity—but induces stigma.