bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating Footprints of Sympatric Rodents in Coastal Dune Communities: Implications for Imperiled Beach Mice
Authors: Greene Daniel U. , Oddy Donna M. , Gore Jeffery A. , Gillikin Michael N. , Evans Emily , Gann Shanon L. , Leone Erin H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIdentifying techniques for conducting frequent, effective, and inexpensive monitoring of small mammals can be challenging. Traditional approaches such as livetrapping can be laborious, expensive, detrimental to animal health, and ineffective. Passive approaches such as tracking (e.g., from tracks on the ground or footprints collected at a tracking station) have been shown to lessen those burdens, but a problem with tracking, particularly for rodents, is the uncertainty in identifying species from footprints. To address the need for a more accurate method of identifying small mammal tracks, we measured footprints from live-captured rodents and developed a classification tree for distinguishing between subspecies and species using footprint widths treated as having known or unknown identification. We captured rodents within or near the coastal dunes of Florida and Alabama with a focus on areas occupied by threatened and endangered beach mice Peromyscus polionotus subspp., whose populations warrant regular monitoring but whose tracks are not easily distinguished from those of some sympatric species. We measured 6,996 front and hind footprints from 540 individuals across eight species. The overall accuracy of our classification tree was 82.6% and we achieved this using only the front footprint width. Footprint width cutoffs for species identification were &lt; 5.5 mm for house mice Mus musculus, 5.5–6.7 mm for beach mice, and 6.7–8.3 mm for cotton mice Peromyscus gossypinus. We were most successful in confirming the identity of beach mice: we correctly classified approximately 94% of beach mice, while we misclassified fewer than 6% as house mice and fewer than 1% as cotton mice. When we input a beach mouse individual into the classification tree as of an unknown species, we correctly identified 78.1% of individuals as beach mice from their tracks, and most incorrect identifications were of house mouse tracks. Our study demonstrates that researchers can identify sympatric rodent species in coastal dune communities from tracks using quantitative classification based on footprint width. Accurate identification of beach mice or other imperiled species from tracks has important management implications. Not only can wildlife managers determine the presence of a species accurately, but they can monitor populations with considerably less effort than livetrapping requires. Although our study was specific to coastal dune communities, our methods could be adapted for the creation of a classification tree for identifying tracks from suites of species in other areas.
Etyma
Authors: Čop Bojan 
Published: December 2018

Arm. azbn, gén. azbin, instr. azbamb signifie selon Ciakciak «le fila dell'ordito«, (plus tard) «liccio». Le mot est inexpliqué. Sa partie finale rappelle un autre mot arménien, à savoir skizbn, gén. skizban, instr. skzbamb »principio, origine». Celui-ci est dérivé du verbe sksanim «(in)cominciare», ce qui veut dire que la partie radicale skis- donne l'abstrait verbal au moyen d'un suffixe bizarre -bn; mais c'est Pedersen qui a éclairé d'une manière suffisante cette anomalie (KZ. 38, 217): au lieu du suffixe -mn (i.-eur. *-men-), on a par dissimilation -vn et le -v- a dû donner une occlusive derrière une sifflante, qui elle-meme est devenue sonore. De la même façon, on a fait azbn. La racine de ce mot est done à chercher dans az-.
Alberto Varvaro: Storia, problemi e metodi della linguistica romanza,
Authors: Muljačić Žarko 
Published: December 2018

Taj priručnik povijesti romanske lingvistike i njenih problema i metoda ne kani zamijeniti odgovarajuće poglavlje u knjizi C. Tagliavinija, Le origini neolatine, Bologna 19644 (v. o njoj našu recenziju, Linguistica 6, 1964, str. 95-100) kako skromno ističe autor u pregovoru. S naše bismo strane dodali da je autorova namjera bila dati studentima bolji i suvremeniji pregled povijesti romanistike od Vidosova jer taj nizozemski romanist mađarskog porijekla nakon talijanskog izdanja svog priručnika (1959) nije mijenjao glavni tekst nego samo bilješke, i to nebitno (usp. španjolsko izdanje iz 1963. i njemačko iz 1968. god;). Kako povijest romanistike zaprerna u biti samo prvi dio Vidosove knjige (173 str.) a ovdje je glavna iako ne i jedina tema, to je očito da je Varvaro kvantitativno daleko ostavio iza sebe svog prethodnika. U čemu je kvalitetno bolji odnosno potpuniji, vidjet će se niže.
Alle origini della 1a Pl. Dell’indicativo presente in –iamo
Authors: Škerlj Stanko 
Published: December 2018

La questione della 1. a pers. pl. dell'indicakivo presente nell'italiano (e in alcum dialeltti italiani) è antioa probabilmente quanto la morfologia storica italiana stessa. Dopo che nella III coniugazione latina l'accento sulla terzultima (véndimus) aveva ceduto alia pressione che Ie altre tre coniu­ gazioni (cantámus, habémus, dormímus), unanimi, esercitavano su di esso (véndimus > vendímus, o piuttosto vendémus), i punti dd. partenza, per la formazione delle forme romanze, erano cantámu, abému (e vendému), dor­mímu. Infatti, molti dialetti italiani e anche alcuni della Toscana, fino a oggi mostrano esiti foneticamente normali, provenienti direttamente da quelle originarie forme latine; così, a modo d'esempio, Pracchia (provincia di Prato) ha: cantamo, vendemo, dormimo; l'isola d'Elba: passamo, scendemo, venimo; e similmente nelle Marche, nell'Umbria e altrove (cf. Rohlfs, Histor. Gram­ matik der italienischen Sprache II, § 530). Anche nell'antica lingua scritta di molte regioni della stessa Toscana, cosi nei testi antichi di Pisa e di Lucca, Ie forme »regolari« non sono rare; e distinguono le tre forme Guittone e Ristoro d'Arezzo. - Invece la desinenza in -iamo prevale, soprattutto nella I e nella IV coniugazd.one, in altrd. testi toscand. fin dal Duecento; a poco apoco, rna abbastanza presrto, essa si è insediata, come desinenza unica della 1. a pl. di tutte Ie ooniugazioni - anche di quella in -ere, la più resistente - nella lingua latteraria.
Carducci e il linguaggio poetico tradizionale
Authors: Klajn Ivan 
Published: December 2018

È indubbio che Giosue Carducci si trova a una svolta nello sviluppo del linguaggio poetico italiano. Prima di lui, alla conclusione del regno più che quadrisecolare della lingua petrarchesco-bembiana, i primi romantici avevano proclamato la necessità di rinnovare, fra l'altro, anche illinguaggio della poesia. Ma il peso della tradizione era troppo grande perché essi, con le loro modeste personalità poetiche, potessero attuiue un vero sovvertimento. Il Berchet adoperò qualche parola non ammessa nel lessico poetico più tradizionalista, ma il fondo del suo linguaggio rimase decisamente aulico, con speme, desire, pièta, veglio, assiso, diè, sieno, fea, mancâr, seguio, rimanmi, nosco, il difende, ei preferse e simili anticaglie. Nel Prati, gli elementi nuovi stonano ancora di più contro lo sfondo tradizionale; l'Aleardi, poi, «segna un netto ritorno alla tradizionne”. La generazione successiva al Carducci, invece, è dominata dal Pascoli, nella cui poesia non rimangono che rare tracce degli arcaismi creditati. Anche per ragioni cronologiche, quindi, calcolando una specie di media aritmetica, potremmo aspettarci di trovare nella lingua del maremmano una uguale mescolanza del vecchio e del nuovo.
Tracce dell’Antico dialetto Veneto di Pirano
Authors: Cortelazzo Manlio 
Published: December 2018

Il Comitato dell'Atlante Linguistico Mediterraneo (ALM), dopo aver accettato d'includere nel piano dei suoi lavori un'inchiesta presso i pe­ scatori di lingua slovena di S. Croce di Trieste (Sv. Križ pri Trstu) - inchiesta egregiamente compiuta tra il 1966 ed il 1967 da T. Logar e S. Škerlj nel quadro dei rilievi per un grande atlante linguistico slo­ veno -, ha aderito anche alla proposta parallela di allargare le inchieste italiane, aggiungendo alla rete precedentemente stabilita un punto sulla costa istriana. La scelta è caduta su Pirano (Piran) per due motivi: la sua dislocazione geografica, come ultimo porto meridionale dell'area slovena, e la sua fisionomia dialettale, abbozzata dall'Ascoli (1873), illustrata fin dal 1900 dall'Ive, che includeva il piranese fra I dialetti ladino-veneti dell'Istria, esemplificata dal Parenzan attraverso 24 sonetti in vernacolo (il titolo della raccoltina - Del dialetto di Pirano. Saggio di Pietro Parenzan riveduto e annotato dal Conte Nicodemo Ton, Trieste, 1901 - non inganni) e indirettamente descritta dallo Scheuer­ meier, che visitò la cittadina nel maggio del1922 per l'AIS (punto n. 368), e dal Pellis con una larga inchiesta diretta nel suo territorio (precisamente a Sicciole di Pirano), condotta nel 1926 e nel 1928 per l'Atlante Linguistico Italiano (ALI).
Ancora sull’Atlante linguistico Balcanico
Authors: Deanović Mirko 
Published: December 2018

Oltre alla ricca e ben nota attività nel campo della sintassi e della storia letteraria il festeggiato Maestro Stanko Škerlj ha acquistato in tempi pin recenti meriti particolari anche nell'ambito della geografia linguistica. Infatti, negli anni 1966 e 1967, insieme al collega Tine Logar, egli ha effettuato un'inchiesta per l' Atlante Linguistico M editerraneo ( ALM) nella localita di Santa Croce di Trieste (Sveti Križ pri Trstu), piccolo porto abitato da pescatori parlanti lm dialetto sloveno. Così, per merito suo, anche codesto punto d'inchiesta, l'unico di lingua slava in Italia, poté entrare nel citato Atlante (col numero 79). In tal modo Stanko Škerlj è venuto ad aggiungersi alla shiera dei collaboratori e a far parte del Comitato per l'ALM, di cui il primo volume dei quattro previsti uscira nel 1974 a Firenze. Per merit di Škerlj dunque viene così arricchito il quadro sinottico del lessico marittimo slavo sulle coste dell'Adriatico e del Mar Nero, che comprende ora le nomenclature slovena e .serbo­ croata, bulgara e ucraina.
Sur l' origine de la formule Co poise moi en ancien francais
Authors: Grad Anton 
Published: December 2018

On sait que l'ancien français faisait un emploi des verbes impersonnels bien plus fréquent que la langue modeme, montrant, sous cet égard aussi, un état de choses qui ne différait pas beaucoup de celui du latin. C'est ainsi que, pour la catégorie des verbes exprimami un mouvement do l'âme, la vieille langue disposait de toute une série de verbes impersonnels dont la plupart sont inconnus à l'usage moderne et dont voici quelques exemples.
Johannes Hubschmid, Schläuche und Fässer. Wort- und sachgeschichtliche Untersuchungen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des romanischen Sprachgutes in und ausserhalb der Romania sowie der türkisch-europäischen und türkischkaukasisch- persischen Lehnbeziehun
Authors: Bezlaj F. 
Published: December 2018

C'est dans le bref espace de sept ans que Hubschmid, par une série de monographies et d'essais, s'est rangé parmi les plus remarquables paléontologues de la linguistique romane. Il s'est voué aux recherches de la stratigraphie du vocabulaire roman: la nature de son travail exige, cependant, qu'il touche tout autour dans les domaines très lointains des autres langues. Ses premières études consacrées principalement au substrat de mots préromans lui ont souvent offert l'occasion d'attirer l'attention sur les reliquats préslaves en slovène et, dans une certaine mesure en serbo-croate. Actuellement il a également étendu sa sphère d'activité jusqu'aux emprunts de civilisation. Sa première étude de cette espèce fut Haustiernamen und Lockrufe dans Vox Rom. XIV, 184—203, où il a traité de plusieurs mots slaves des Balkans qui font partie de cette catégorie de mots. Ses matériaux pourraient être considérablement complétés. Outre le mot suisse lōbe, lōbeli »appel aux vaches« et l'alb. lopë < *lāpa ou *lēpa, je vais citer aussi le slov. laba. »nom de vache« (Pleteršnik I, 494), serbocr. labo »nom de boeuf« (ARj V. 860) et le slov. kūcek, сūсек, kucin, kūček »chien«, etc. C'est aussi duns Schläuche und Fässer qu'il apporte quelques éléments complémentaires à cette catégorie. A cause du got. hakuls etc. (Berneker, SEW I, 593) et des vieux dérivés du type kozel »bouc«, v. norr. hôken »chevreau« il est impossible de dériver si. koza »chèvre« des mots ayant une forme semblable dans certaines langues orientales, p. ex. bachkir. käzä »chèvre«, comme le croyaient certains anciens chercheurs. Hubschmid, qui suit ces mots loin en Asie, juge, au contraire, que le point de départ commun germano-slave *kag'a est une vieille variante des appels de berger du type kač — kac dont s'est développé le mot pour la chèvre dans beaucoup de langues et qui sont d'usage aussi chez les Slaves, serbocr. kec, keca, bulg. kič-kič, kăču-kăču, kači-kači. Je serais d'avis que de toutes les opinions touchant l'étvmologie de ce mot slave difficile celle de Hubschmid est la plus acceptable. Il est intéressant que le vieux mot i.-e. oriental pour 'la chèvre *ag'i-, qui a été rencontré dans ce sens en indoiranien, en balto-slaye et en alnanais (Porzig, Die Gliederung 181) v. sl. (j)azno «peau, cuir» ne s'est conservé jusqu'à nos jours qu'en slov. aževina «déchets de tannage» (Pleteršnik I, 7).
IZ condizionale temporale nelle tre redazioni del romanzo manzoniano
Authors: Savić Momčilo D. 
Published: December 2018

È noto che l'italiano, a differenza delle altre lingue neolatine occidentali, possiede due tempi per esprimere il futuro in relazione al passato: non soltanto il condizionale semplice, ma anche quello composto. Essendo il condizionale semplice un tempo che di Secolo in secolo sta perdendo terreno in quest'uso (e lo può dimostrare l'impiego più che parco che se ne fa nelle opere letterarie moderne, nonché qualche manuale grammaticale), crediamo utile analizzare tutti i condizionali temporali (trascurando assolutamente quelli con funzione modale) nelle tre redazioni successive del romanzo manzoniano; tanto più che il Manzoni è uno scrittore che si proponeva di avvicinare la lingua letteraria a quella parlata e che molte volte anche l'italiano moderno, voiendo darsi l'approvazione di qualche costrutto sintattico, si richiama ai Promessi Sposi.
Pretérito simple y compuesto en el español hablado
Authors: Skubic Mitja 
Published: December 2018

Estas líneas no pretenderi ser más que una modesta contribución a una más amplia y profunda encuesta sobre el empleo de las dos formas del pretérito en el español contemporáneo. Se trata de unas cuantas frases oídas en e1 otoño de este año en varias ciudades españolas. No he tenido en cuenta ni distinción social, ni edad. La edad se precisará sólo cuando se tratará del habla de los niños y personas jóvenes. Ninguna de las frases citadas representa la traducción 0 la respuesta a una pregunta formulada con el fin de obtener una frase con la forma verbal que nos interesa. En la mayoría de los casos, los pasajes han sido reeogidos en las conversaciones entre otras personas, y no conmigo, lo que probablemente elimina el empleo de una de las dos formas que él que, habla considera más literaria.
The repetition of phonemic chaeacteristics in radical morphemes in sets of synonyms from indo-european languages*
Authors: Vodušek Božo 
Published: December 2018

The next two notional groups to be examined in our inquiry investigating the correlation between sound and meaning are the group narrow, knead, thick (in density), and the group touch, stretch, put. The first contains in its radical morphemes a much greater number of nasal phonemic characteristics than expected from the Representative Sample. The second one presents the case of an unusual accumulation of dental phonemic characteristics. These groups have been established by the same method of selection of synonymic sets from Buck's dictionary employed already for the groups smooth and rough, and they have also approximately the same size. The hypothesis of a physiologically founded sound symbolism has been the criterion for constituting our groups here and there. In the same way as we quoted Plato's view of a natural connection between I and smoothness and between r and roughness, we can for the sound·symbolism of dentals appeal to the frequent - acoustically unexplained - appearing of these phonemes in the so-called »echoic« verbs and interjections for touching; striking, and falling, and on the other side to a largely accepted view of the correlation between the gesture of indicating (stretching the arm, the finger) and the use of »centrifugal« dentals in demonstrative and personal pronoums. Similarly the »centripetal« expressivity of nasals - on the physiological basis of tactile and proprioceptive sensations from the combined pressure of the muscles of (lips,) tongue and soft palate - has been repeatedly emphasized by linguists and psychologists. Darwin's observation in his treatise The expression of emotions about the involuntary accompaniment of the movements of the hands and the movements of the organs of speech can be considered as a supplementary clue of explanation being valid in both cases.
THE EFFECT OF MILKING PRACTICES UPON THE DETERIORATION OF MILKING MACHINE INFLATIONS
Authors: Ward Gerald M. , Elsey Virgil R. , Hurry J. A. 
Published: December 2018

This research was designed to study the effects of milking practices upon the deterioration of natural rubber liners. Winter rations appear to produce a more severe rate of blistering than either summer pasture or ration.
Cleaning seemed to have little effect upon rate of blistering. Storage in 10% lye solutions increased the time to blister. Pure fatty acids were shown to produce blistering. Udder ointments and mastitis treatments used in this study had no appreciable effects on blistering of rubber.
This Thing Called Life
Authors: Vogel Joseph 
Published: December 2018

What were Prince’s politics? What did he believe about God? And did he really forsake the subject—sex—that once made him the most subversive superstar of the Reagan era? In this illuminating thematic biography, Joseph Vogel explores the issues that made Prince one of the late 20th century’s most unique, controversial, and fascinating artists.
Since his unexpected death in 2016, Prince has been recognized by peers, critics, and music fans alike. President Barack Obama described him as “one of the most gifted and prolific musicians of our time.” Yet in spite of the influx of attention, much about Prince’s creative life, work, and cultural impact remains thinly examined. This Thing Called Life fills this vacuum, delving deep into seven key topics—politics, sound, race, gender, sex, religion, and death—that allow us to see Prince in fresh, invigorating new ways. Accessible and timely, This Thing Called Life takes the reader on a journey through the catalog and creative revolution of one of America’s most compelling and elusive icons.
A “two-eyed seeing” approach to Indigenizing nursing curricula
Authors: Harder Marti , Johnson Jessie , MacDonald Cathy , Ingstrup Andrea , Piche Marc J 
Published: December 2018

Educational institutions, including schools of nursing, find themselves in significant times, as they work to Indigenize programs, and strive to repair and heal relationships with Indigenous peoples as recommended in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (2015). Educators question where to begin the process, how such Indigenization should occur, and what the curricular end result should look like. In response, the authors considered many aspects from the literature, specific to nursing programs. The following themes were explored: partnering with community, cultural relevance, and faculty development. Through the utilization of a “two-eyed seeing” approach, institutional administrators need to partner with Indigenous Elders and community members to facilitate relationships required to provide the knowledge necessary to bring about change within educational programs. It is through such an approach that nursing curricula can be designed to be culturally safe and relevant for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous learners, and faculty can be supported in their growth and development in Indigenous knowledge. The authors propose that through “two-eyed seeing” and the integration of the Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada (2009) core competencies, Indigenization of nursing curricula may ultimately move forward in a culturally reciprocal and respectful way.
The oncological outcomes of small cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Williams Harley A. , Punjani Nahid , Khan Obaidullah , Power Nicholas E. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SmCC) is a rare and aggressive genitourinary malignancy. The paucity of clinical trials and outcome data provide no standard treatment guidelines. Accordingly, patient prognosis is poor. Our goal was to present the first comprehensive in-depth analysis of SmCC in a tertiary Canadian centre.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with primary SmCC at the London Regional Cancer Program between January 1990 and 2016. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). We examined a number of secondary outcomes and baseline characteristics.
Results: We identified 15 men and six women (median age 72 years) with a SmCC diagnosis (median followup 11.33 months). Median Charlson Comorbidity Index score was 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 5‒10) and 15 patients had a smoking history. Most common presentation was gross hematuria (18 patients, 86%), and pT2 stage at transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) (n= 7/21, 33%), although five patients had cT4 (24%). Pure SmCC was found in nine individuals (43%), whereas 12 had mixed differentiation (57%). From initial staging, 15 patients had extravesical disease (71%), 10 had positive pelvic lymphadenopathy (48%), and distant metastases occurred in six (29%). In our series, five individuals (24%) underwent cystectomy, 18 (86%) received radiation, and 14 (67%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median OS was 15 months (two-year OS was 19%).
Conclusions: SmCC is a rare and aggressive form of bladder cancer. Despite multimodal therapy, prognosis remains guarded, with little improvement seen over the study’s 25-year duration. An understanding of study limitations is warranted in interpretation of results.
Aangescherpt bestuursgericht toezicht in de corporatiesector
Authors: Verschuren Olga , Beyens Stefanie 
Published: December 2018

Sharpened governance based regulation in the social housing sector – The guarding eye of the Housing Authority scrutinized
The Dutch social housing sector is still recovering from a series of incidents that harmed the sector’s reputation drastically. Part of the recovery plan is the installation of an independent Housing Authority, who focuses specifically upon the ‘governance’ of housing corporations. This article explores the implementation and development of the Authority’s regulation strategy. It finds that although the strategy sharpens the focus of housing corporations and limits risky circumstances and behavior, it also triggers adverse effects. The Authority should therefore adopt a broader outlook, that is more sensitive to (1) the complexity of the social housing task, and (2) the pathologies of multiple accountabilities being placed upon the corporation(sector).