bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Birth of the CrowdLaw Movement: Tech-Based Citizen Participation, Legitimacy and the Quality of Lawmaking
Authors: Alsina Victòria , Martí José Luis 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
One of the most urgent debates of our time is about the exact role that new technologies can and should play in our societies and particularly in our public decision-making processes. This paper is a first attempt to introduce the idea of CrowdLaw, defined as online public participation leveraging new technologies to tap into diverse sources of information, judgments and expertise at each stage of the law and policymaking cycle to improve the quality as well as the legitimacy of the resulting laws and policies. First, we explain why CrowdLaw differs from many previous forms of political participation. Second,we reproduce and explain the CrowdLaw Manifesto that the rising CrowdLaw community has elaborated to foster such approaches around the world. Lastly, we introduce some preliminary considerations on the notions of justice, legitimacy and quality of lawmaking and public decision-making, which are central to the idea of CrowdLaw.
Why We Should Talk about German ‘Orientierungskultur’ rather than ‘Leitkultur’
Authors: Risse Mathias 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The notion of Leitkultur has been used in German immigration debates to capture the idea that our living arrangements ought to be shaped by shared cultural identity. Leitkultur contrasts with a multiculturalism that sees multiple cultures side-by-side on equal terms. We should replace Leitkultur with Orientierungskultur, a notionwhose introduction is overdue. German philosophy, especially Kant, has bestowed an intellectual meaning upon an originally geographical notion that is already ubiquitous, making ‘Orientierungskultur’ a natural construct. That notion allows us to say there is an inevitably amorphous but recognizable German culture whose prominence in public life provides a grounding for many and prevents them from feeling alienated from the society they helped build; at the same time, for some domains of public life not participating in default behavior is not merely tolerated but acknowledged as a genuine alternative. Crucially, one way of orienting oneself is to turn away.
Personalized medicine into health national services: barriers and potentialities
Authors: Rodríguez Vicente Ana E. , Herrero Cervera Maria José , Bernal María Luisa , Rojas Luis , Peiró Ana M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Research and innovation in personalized medicine (PM) are extensive and expanding, with several pharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing options currently available for a wide range of health problems. However, PGx-guided therapy faces many barriers to full integration into clinical practice and acceptance by practitioner/patient: utilization and uptake by payers in real-world practice are being discussed, and the criteria to guide clinicians and policy makers in PGx test selection are not fully incorporated. This review focuses on the advances of pharmacogenomics to individualize treatments, the relationship between pharmacogenetics and pharmacometabolomics, the new paradigm of the Big Data, the needs and barriers facing PGx clinical application and the situation of PGx testing in health national services. It is based on lectures presented by speakers of the European Society of Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Therapy (ESPT) Fourth Conference, held in Catania, October 4th, 2017.
Sobolev’s inequality for double phase functionals with variable exponents
Authors: Maeda Fumi-Yuki , Mizuta Yoshihiro , Ohno Takao , Shimomura Tetsu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Our aim in this paper is to establish generalizations of Sobolev’s inequality
for double phase functionals

Φ
⁢

(
x
,
t
)

=

t

p
⁢

(
x
)

+

a
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

t

q
⁢

(
x
)

{\Phi(x,t)=t^{p(x)}+a(x)t^{q(x)}}

,
where

p
⁢

(
⋅
)

{p(\,{\cdot}\,)}

and

q
⁢

(
⋅
)

{q(\,{\cdot}\,)}

satisfy log-Hölder conditions and

a
⁢

(
⋅
)

{a(\,{\cdot}\,)}

is nonnegative,
bounded and Hölder continuous of order

θ
∈

(
0
,
1
]

{\theta\in(0,1]}

.
Soft Organizations, Hard Powers: The FATF and the FSB as Standard-Setting Bodies
Authors: De Vido Sara 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this contribution is to analyze two major standard setting bodies, namely the Financial Action Task Force on money laundering and the Financial Stability Board from an international law perspective. It will be demonstrated that they are “soft organizations”, which, despite their loose structure, can exercise “hard powers” in inducing States to comply with their standards.
Relationship between anatomy and shear strength in wood of Larix sibirica
Authors: Luostarinen Katri , Heräjärvi Henrik 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In Siberian larch, shear strength (SS) is lower in sapwood (sW) than in mature heartwood (hW) despite the similarity of their cell structures. In sW, SS was not correlated with other properties, not even with density. The aim of the present study was to find the parameters affecting the SS in sW. The diameters of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) tracheid lumens [radial diameter (RD)], as well as their double wall thicknesses (2CWTs), were measured from different wood types. The 2CWT beside the resin canals was measured and rays were counted. The wall:lumen ratio of tracheids was calculated. None of the measured and calculated characteristics significantly correlated with SS in hW, while a high 2CWT and wall:lumen ratio of EW increased the SS and a large RD decreased the SS in sW. Tracheids of sW were larger and their walls were thicker than those of mature hW. The EW of sW sheared through tracheids, but practically never through rays, while in the EW of mature hW, both rays and tracheids could be sheared. It is suggested that change in viscoelastic properties, occurring in cell walls during the transformation from sW to hW, improves wood shear properties.
MiR-23a-3p-regulated abnormal acetylation of FOXP3 induces regulatory T cell function defect in Graves’ disease
Authors: Zhang Danhua , Qiu Xinguang , Li Jianhua , Zheng Shouhua , Li Liwen , Zhao Hongchao 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mechanism of miR-23a-3p in regulating Treg dysfunction in Graves’ disease (GD). The percentage of Treg cells and interleukin (IL)-17+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) and miR-23a-3p was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot. CD4+ T cells were treated with SIRT1 specific inhibitor EX-527 or left untreated. MiR-23a-3p mimic or inhibitor were transfected into CD4+ T cells. Acetylation expression of FOXP3 was analyzed by immunoprecipitation. The suppressive function of Treg was analyzed by the carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assay. The results showed that GD patients have significantly less Treg cells and more IL-17+ T cells. FOXP3 and miR-23a-3p were significantly down-regulated meanwhile SIRT1 and RORγt were up-regulated in GD patients. FOXP3 acetylation level of the GD group was lower than that of control groups. After EX-527 treatment, the percentage of Treg cells, expression and acetylation level of FOXP3 were significantly increased in the GD group. GD Tregs exhibited weaker suppressive activity, miR-23a-3p mimic suppressed SIRT1 expression and suppressive-activity of Tregs whereas it promoted the expression and acetylation level of FOXP3 in the GD group. Our findings suggest that the Treg function defect in GD patients is mediated by the abnormal acetylation of FOXP3, which is regulated by miR-23a-3p via targeting SIRT1.
Signal Synthesis Model Reference Adaptive Controller with Artificial Intelligent Technique for a Control of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Goud Harsh , Swarnkar Pankaj 
Published: November 2018

AbstractModelling and controlling of Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is one of the major problems in the process industry. The nonlinear characteristic of CSTR may change the variation of temperature in either direction from the given set value. Chemical reactions within the CSTR depends on the given reference temperature. Such variation from reference values may result in degrading the variety of biomass. Design and implementation of the precise control device in such system are difficult for researchers. This paper proposes the MIT based control scheme as a solution to control problem of CSTR. An improvement of signal synthesis MIT system has been proposed in this study to enhance the steady-state and transient performance of CSTR. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) based controller parameter tuning technique is applied to get the optimal performance of the controller. This paper shows the design and implementation of conventional PID tuned with the Z-N method, adaptive PID tune with ABC, MIT and ABC-MIT for CSTR. Detailed comparison based on simulation studies is presented which shows that ABC-MIT based control scheme improves the transient and steady state response.
Influence of Wye-and Delta-Connected Winding on the Performance of Line Start Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Qiu Hongbo , Hu Kaiqiang , Yang Cunxiang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In order to obtain the influence of wye (Y)-and delta (
\Delta)-connected winding on line start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM), taking a 15 kW LSPMSM as an example, the two dimensional (2-D) finite element method (FEM) and analytical method are used to calculate the motor performance. The influence of 3rd harmonic current in
\Delta-connected winding on the motor electromagnetic field is analyzed. The difference of the losses and capacity of starting and overload between the Y- and
\Delta-connected winding are studied. Finally, combined with the related experiments, the correctness of the calculation model is verified and the reliability of the research results are proved.
Medicinal plants’ use among patients with dyslipidemia: an Iranian cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hashempur Mohammad Hashem , Mosavat Seyed Hamdollah , Heydari Mojtaba , Shams Mesbah 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite growing demand for medicinal plants, there is little data about their use by patients with dyslipidemia. We aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and associated factors for the use of medicinal plants among patients with dyslipidemia.MethodsA 17-item semi-structured questionnaire was filled out by 195 patients with dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional study carried out in two academic endocrinology clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The questionnaire comprised of three main domains of demographic data (6 questions), clinical data (2 of them), and data related to the use of medicinal plants (totally 9 questions).ResultsA total of 77.4% of patients took medicinal plants. The most common medicinal herbs used by dyslipidemic patients wereZataria multiflora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, andZingiber officinale. Duration of dyslipidemia was significantly longer in herbal users than non-herbal users (p=0.04). Patients believing that concomitant use of conventional drugs and herbal preparations had synergic positive effects in addition to those persuaded that herbal preparations possessed less side effects, were significantly more likely to use medicinal plants (p=0.008 and 0.005, respectively). Additionally, most of the medicinal herb users (87.4%) changed neither the pattern nor the dosage of their medications all during herbal preparations use.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a high prevalence of medicinal plants’ use among patients with dyslipidemia, which was associated with the duration of dyslipidemia, patients’ viewpoints about herbal preparations’ synergic positive effects, and their fewer side effects.
Hyperbolic and cubical rigidities of Thompson’s groupV
Authors: Genevois Anthony 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this article, we state and prove a general criterion allowing us to show that some groups are hyperbolically elementary, meaning that every isometric action of one of these groups on a Gromov-hyperbolic space either fixes a point at infinity, or stabilises a pair of points at infinity, or has bounded orbits. Also, we show how such a hyperbolic rigidity leads to fixed-point properties on finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes. As an application, we prove that Thompson’s groupVis hyperbolically elementary, and we deduce that it satisfies Property(FW∞){({\rm FW}_{\infty})}, i.e., every isometric action ofVon a finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complex fixes a point. It provides the first example of a (finitely presented) group acting properly on an infinite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complex such that all its actions on finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes have global fixed points.
Rare earth-rhodium-plumbides RE
2Rh2Pb with RE = La–Nd, Sm, Gd and Tb
Authors: Heletta Lukas , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The plumbides RE
2Rh2Pb (RE = La–Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) were synthesized in sealed niobium ampoules by induction melting of the pure elements or directly via arc-melting. The characterization of the samples by X-ray powder diffraction confirmed their Mo2B2Fe-type structure (space group P4/mbm) at room temperature. The Sm2Rh1.924Pb structure was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: a=760.02(5), c=378.20(3) pm, wR=0.0387, 292 F
2 values, 13 variables. The rhodium site shows small defects. The RE
2Rh2Pb plumbides are simple 1:1 intergrowth structures of AlB2 and CsCl related slabs of compositions RERh2 and REPb. The Rh2 dumbbell in the SmRh2 slab of Sm2Rh2Pb shows a Rh–Rh distance of 281 pm. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements of La2Rh2Pb, Pr2Rh2Pb and Nd2Rh2Pb showed that the rhodium atoms carry no localized magnetic moments. La2Rh2Pb exhibits Pauli-paramagnetic behavior induced by the conduction electrons. The ground state of the praseodymium compound is ferromagnetic below T
C=3.3 K while the neodymium compound shows a transition to an antiferromagnetic state at T
N=6.1 K and a metamagnetic transition at a critical field of ca. 1000 Oe.
On the Interaction between Superabsorbent Hydrogels and Blended Mixtures with Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: Farzanian K. , Ghahremaninezhad A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article studies the interactions between hydrogels with two distinct chemical compositions and hydrating blended mixtures containing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), including Class F fly ash, slag, and silica fume. The effect of SCMs on the absorption behavior and chemical characteristics of hydrogels was investigated. The desorption of hydrogels in hydrating blended pastes was examined at various times using scanning electron microscopy. A reduction in the absorption of hydrogels was observed in the blended slurry with fly ash compared to other slurries. Hydrogels showed faster desorption in the paste with silica fume and delayed desorption in the paste with fly ash. This was attributed to faster densification of the microstructure and development of the capillary suction in the paste with silica fume and delayed densification in the paste with fly ash at early ages.
Simple Indexes to Identify Fatigue Performance of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Chen Xuan , Solaimanian Mansour 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Using indexes based on engineering properties is among the ways to evaluate the quality of an asphalt concrete mix in terms of its resistance to fatigue cracking. These indexes typically are developed based on measuring asphalt concrete or asphalt binder properties in a laboratory test. Among such tests, the semicircular bend (SCB) test has shown potential as a promising test to determine fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures. In the work presented, this test was explored extensively to determine proper fatigue performance identifiers from the test. Numerous tests were conducted to determine the effect of asphalt mix composition on the SCB fatigue test results. A major index considered from this test for evaluation is the flexibility index (FI), which is defined as the ratio of fracture energy and the post peak slope at inflection point derived from a typical load-deformation or stress–strain monotonic test. This index has been proposed based on extensive research at the University of Illinois. In the work presented in this study, tests were conducted on both short- and long-term aged asphalt mixes to evaluate FI and its reliability as a fatigue resistance indicator. The mix components considered as test variables included binder content, air void, and binder stiffness. The results showed a significant reduction in FI fatigue resistance after long term aging. Reduced FI is believed to associate with reduced fatigue life. The sensitivity of FI and other engineering properties to mix parameters were investigated in this research. It was found that FI could not be used alone and as a sole indicator of fatigue performance. It was determined that two indexes are needed for this purpose—the first presents the mix toughness and ductility, and the second is a strength- or stiffness-based index.
ДІАЛОГ ЯК МЕХАНІЗМ АКСІОГЕНЕЗУ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИЩОЇ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Радчук Галина 
Published: November 2018

Статтю присвячено проблемі теоретичного обґрунтування діалогу як механізму аксіогенезу особистості в освітньому процесі та виокремлення сутнісних аспектів діалогізації освітнього середовища вищої школи. Обґрунтовано, що провідними цілями сучасної вищої освіти в контексті її гуманітаризації є загальнокультурні орієнтири, які дозволяють замінити власне когнітивний підхід на смислотворчий, де і викладач, і студент є активними суб’єктами освітнього діалогу. Показано, що освітній діалог виступає зовнішньою спонукою внутрішнього ініціювання особистісно-професійного становлення майбутнього фахівця, становлення його ціннісно-смислової сфери, а рівень діалогізації освітнього середовища може слугувати мірилом реалізації особистісно-розвивального потенціалу освіти. На підставі емпіричного дослідження визначено, що у реальному освітньому процесі найбільшою перешкодою у діалогізації освітнього середовища є догматичність, формалізованість освітнього процесу та закритість, стереотипність рольової поведінки викладачів та студентів.
The article is focused on theoretical argumentation of the dialogue as a mechanism for personality axiogenesis in educational process and separation of essential dialogue aspects in higher educational environment. The author argues that general cultural orientations are main goals of modern higher education in the context of its humanization. This allows to replace the actual cognitive approach with sense creation one, where both teacher and student are active subjects of educational dialogue. It is shown that educational dialogue is an external stimulus of internal initiation of personal and professional formation in future specialists, as well as formation of their value- semantic sphere. The level of dialogue in educational environment can serve as a measure of implementation of personality and developmental potential in education. On the basis of empirical research it is determined that dogmatism, formalization of educational process, and closeness, stereotyped role of teachers’ and students’ behavior are the greatest obstacles for educational environment becoming more dialogue driven in real-life educational process.
ЕКЗИСТЕНЦІЙНА ПОЗИЦІЯ КОНСУЛЬТАНТА ЯК ПРОФЕСІЙНИЙ ВИБІР
Authors: Паркулаб Оксана 
Published: November 2018

У статті показано особливості вибору теоретичної орієнтації консультанта залежно від погляду на природу людини. Розкрито екзистенційний підхід до консультування, що вивчає головно ті людські можливості та потенції, яким не приділяється або мало приділяється уваги в класичній та позитивістській теоріях. Обґрунтовано його переваги над іншими терапевтичними напрямами й визначено спектр можливостей екзистенційного консультування для психологів, представників інших наукових шкіл. З’ясовано, що екзистенційні ідеї з різною мірою повноти та послідовності виявилися близькими багатьом психотерапевтам, у тому числі й тим, хто не вважається прихильником цього напряму психології. Підкреслено, що вихідним пунктом адептів екзистенціалізму є переконання про важливість допомоги індивіду в розвитку й посилені його здатності відповідати вимогам життя. Визначено основні завдання консультанта, що мають враховувати екзистенційно орієнтовані психологи у взаємодії з клієнтами, та сформульовано першочергове завдання, яке полягає не у вивченні самої особистості, а в дослідженні досвіду її переживання людського існування як такого (його прояснення та розуміння). Описано техніки, які застосовують екзистенціалісти, та аргументовано їх позитивний терапевтичний ефект у разі збалансованого поєднання методів вислуховування та впливу.
This paper shows the features of the choice of theoretical orientation consultant, depending on the view of human nature. It reveals the existential approach to consulting, studying mainly the human possibilities and potency, which are not really covered in the positivism and classical theories. The paper shows the features of the existential approach relevant for counselling, substantiates its advantages over other therapeutic areas, shows the range of existential consultation for psychologists and representatives of other scientific schools. It was found that existential ideas with varying degrees of completeness and consistency were close to many psychotherapists, including those who are not considered to be a fan of this area of psychology. It was underlined that the original existentialism followers’ standpoint is the belief about the importance of assistance for an individual in the development and reinforcement of his/her ability to meet the requirements of life. The main tasks of the consultant were defined, which existential oriented psychologists should consider in interaction with customers, and it was found, that the priority is not in the study of the person itself, but the study of the emotional experience of the human existence as such (its enlightenment and understanding). The techniques, which are used by existentialists were described and their positive therapeutic effect in case of a balanced combination of methods of auscultation and influence was reasoned