bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tomato’s Mechanical Properties Measurement Aiming for Auto-harvesting
Authors: Feng Qingchun , Wang Guohua , Wang Shuai , Wang Xiu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Freshly-eating tomato’s auto-harvesting is urgently needed to replace labor-costly manual harvesting. And a feasible picking end-effector is a key part for mechanical harvesting, as the irregular-sized and soft fruits should be reliably separated from the plant. In this paper, the mechanical properties of “Jiali 14” tomato was measured and analysed to support the design of picking end-effector. The methods and devices for measuring a series of force parameters were researched, including fruit/stalk friction coefficient, fruit pressure resistance, stalk cutting force, and abscission-layer breakage force. Through measuring the pressure and maximum static-friction force between the fruit/stalk and the contrast material, the friction coefficients between fruit/stalk and stainless steel, PVC and rubber was calculated. The pressure resistance of fruit also was evaluated by measuring the extreme pressure on the test samples, and the influences from the fruit’s maturity and the pressure direction also were analysed. The stalk cutting force, with the single and double blade, both was measured and compared. The breakage force of the calyx abscission-layer and the tie abscission-layer also was measured, and the force value variation with its anisotropy and the fruit maturity was analysed. The measurement and analysis result in this paper was supposed as a necessary reference for developing the tomato’s auto-harvesting machine.
Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network Modeling and Migration Analysis of Siloxane D5 Migration from Selected Food Contact Materials
Authors: Wang Xiujuan , Thu Aung Myat , Liu Suting , Sheng Anbang , Song Meng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The detection and quantification of environmental pollution compounds migration in food contact silicone rubber materials remains a prospective issue to be solved in the consideration of toxicology and safety assessment. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was established to predict migration property of non-target compound decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) molecule in food contact silicone rubber. The average prediction accuracy of the model was 99.8%. The analysis of ANN indicates that high temperature condition accelerates the migration of D5 from silicone rubber into two typical food simulants, namely H2O and acetic acid. The migration of D5 is more apparent when the silicone rubber is in contact with acetic acid. The combination of experiment and simulation analysis of D5 migration indicates that high temperature and acetic acid food simulant environment threaten the safety of food contact silicone rubber. These fundamental studies can provide a comprehensive understanding of the migration of cyclic organosiloxane oligomer from silicone rubber and guidance for the safety evaluation and early warning mechanisms.
The frustration of being odd: universal area law violation in local systems
Authors: Giampaolo Salvatore Marco , Ramos Flavia Brága , Franchini Fabio 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
At the core of every frustrated system, one can identify the existence of frustrated rings that are usually interpreted in terms of single–particle physics. We check this point of view through a careful analysis of the entanglement entropy of both models that admit an exact single–particle decomposition of their Hilbert space due to integrability and those for which the latter is supposed to hold only as a low energy approximation. In particular, we study generic spin chains made by an odd number of sites with short-range antiferromagnetic interactions and periodic boundary conditions, thus characterized by a weak, i.e. nonextensive, frustration. While for distances of the order of the correlation length the phenomenology of these chains is similar to that of the non-frustrated cases, we find that correlation functions involving a number of sites scaling like the system size follow different rules. We quantify the long-range correlations through the von Neumann entanglement entropy, finding that indeed it violates the area law, while not diverging with the system size. This behavior is well fitted by a universal law that we derive from the conjectured single–particle picture.
Masculinized Male Chest Contouring: Creating the Armor Plate
Authors: Mowlavi Arian , Rashid Waleed , Berri Mariam , Talle Armin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Male patients are routinely consulted regarding dislike of their chest appearance. To date, majority of patients have desired elimination of their feminine-appearing breast, termed gynecomastia. These patients have associated their overweight body image, with the femininity of their breasts as presented by fullness and roundedness of their breasts and subsequently have desired maximal flattening of their breast. We present a new set of patients who desire a more muscular-appearing chest than a gynecomastia repair that is interposed on a chiseled abdominal contour. In contrast to the former set of patients, these patients desire bulking of their breasts with a bolder-appearing armor plate look. We present an alternative to traditional gynecomastia repair which involves a novel approach to chest contouring creating a flat, yet bold, pentagonal-shaped breast with linear borders utilizing both fat and gland removal as well as strategic fat grafting back into the chest. We present a novel protocol to create an armor plate male chest appearance as an alternative to traditional gynecomastia contouring. All patients treated to date demonstrate a muscular-appearing chest that is harmonious on an interposed masculine-appearing abdomen.
Knot_pull—python package for biopolymer smoothing and knot detection
Authors: Jarmolinska Aleksandra I , Gambin Anna , Sulkowska Joanna I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Summary
The biggest hurdle in studying topology in biopolymers is the steep learning curve for actually seeing the knots in structure visualization. Knot_pull is a command line utility designed to simplify this process—it presents the user with a smoothing trajectory for provided structures (any number and length of protein, RNA or chromatin chains in PDB, CIF or XYZ format), and calculates the knot type (including presence of any links, and slipknots when a subchain is specified).

Availability and implementation
Knot_pull works under Python &gt;=2.7 and is system independent. Source code and documentation are available at http://github.com/dzarmola/knot_pull under GNU GPL license and include also a wrapper script for PyMOL for easier visualization. Examples of smoothing trajectories can be found at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzSGDfc1vAY.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
In-Frame Indel Mutations in the Genome of the Blind Mexican Cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus
Authors: Berning Daniel , Adams Hannah , Luc Heidi , Gross Joshua B 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOrganisms living in the subterranean biome evolve extreme characteristics including vision loss and sensory expansion. Despite prior work linking certain genes to Mendelian traits, the genetic basis for complex cave-associated traits remains unknown. Moreover, it is unclear if certain forms of genetic variation (e.g., indels, copy number variants) are more common in regressive evolution. Progress in this area has been limited by a lack of suitable natural model systems and genomic resources. In recent years, the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, has advanced as a model for cave biology and regressive evolution. Here, we present the results of a genome-wide screen for in-frame indels using alignments of RNA-sequencing reads to the draft cavefish genome. Mutations were discovered in three genes associated with blood physiology (mlf1, plg, and wdr1), two genes associated with growth factor signaling (ghrb, rnf126), one gene linked to collagen defects (mia3), and one gene which may have a global epigenetic impact on gene expression (mki67). With one exception, polymorphisms were shared between Pachón and Tinaja cavefish lineages, and different from the surface-dwelling lineage. We confirmed the presence of mutations using direct Sanger sequencing and discovered remarkably similar developmental expression in both morphs despite substantial coding sequence alterations. Further, three mutated genes mapped near previously established quantitative trait loci associated with jaw size, condition factor, lens size, and neuromast variation. This work reveals previously unappreciated traits evolving in this species under environmental pressures (e.g., blood physiology) and provides insight to genetic changes underlying convergence of organisms evolving in complete darkness.
Associations of Body Composition Trajectories with Bone Mineral Density, Muscle Function, Falls, and Fractures in Older Men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project
Authors: Scott David , Seibel Markus J , Cumming Robert , Naganathan Vasi , Blyth Fiona , Le Couteur David G , Handelsman David J , Hsu Benjumin , Waite Louise M , Hirani Vasant 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Weight loss increases fracture risk in older adults. We aimed to determine associations of 2-year body composition trajectories with subsequent falls and fractures in older men.

Methods
We measured appendicular lean mass (ALM) and total fat mass (FM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and Year 2 in 1,326 community-dwelling men aged ≥70 and older. Body composition trajectories were determined from residuals of a linear regression of change in ALM on change in FM (higher values indicate maintenance of ALM over FM), and a categorical variable for change in ALM and FM (did not lose [≥−5% change] versus lost [&lt;−5% change]). Bone mineral density (BMD), hand grip strength, and gait speed were assessed at Years 2 and 5. After Year 2, incident fractures (confirmed by radiographical reports) and falls were recorded for 6.8 years.

Results
Compared with men who did not lose ALM or FM, men who did not lose ALM but lost FM, and men who lost both ALM and FM, had reduced falls (−24% and −34%, respectively; both p &lt; .05). Men who lost ALM but did not lose FM had increased falls (incidence rate ratio = 1.73; 95% CI 1.37–2.18). ALM/FM change residuals were associated with improved lumbar spine BMD (B = 0.007; 95% CI 0.002–0.012 g/cm2 per SD increase) and gait speed (0.015; 0.001–0.029 m/s), and reduced hip fractures (hazard ratio = 0.68; 95% CI 0.47–0.99).

Conclusions
Fracture risk may be increased in older men who lose higher ALM relative to FM. Weight loss interventions for obese older men should target maintenance of lean mass.
Prevalence and Patterns of Multimorbidity in a Nationally Representative Sample of Older Chinese: Results From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yao Shan-Shan , Cao Gui-Ying , Han Ling , Chen Zi-Shuo , Huang Zi-Ting , Gong Ping , Hu Yonghua , Xu Beibei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Multimorbidity has become a prominent problem worldwide; however, few population-based studies have been conducted among older Chinese with multimorbidity. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of multimorbidity and explore its common patterns among a nationally representative sample of older Chinese.

Methods
This study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and included 19,841 participants aged at least 50 years. The prevalence of individual chronic diseases and multimorbidity during 2011–2015 were evaluated among the entire cohort and according to residential regions and gender. The relationships between participants’ demographic characteristics and multimorbidity were examined using logistic regression model. Patterns of multimorbidity were explored using hierarchical cluster analysis and association rule mining.

Results
Multimorbidity occurred in 42.4% of the participants. The prevalence of multimorbidity was higher among women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.51) and urban residents (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02–1.27) than their respective counterparts after accounting for potential confounders of age, education, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed four common multimorbidity patterns: the vascular-metabolic cluster, the stomach-arthritis cluster, the cognitive-emotional cluster, and the hepatorenal cluster. Regional differences were found in the distributions of stroke and memory-related disease. Most combinations of conditions and urban–rural difference in multimorbidity patterns from hierarchical cluster analysis were also observed in association rule mining.

Conclusion
The prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity vary by gender and residential regions among older Chinese. Women and urban residents are more vulnerable to multimorbidity. Future studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the identified multimorbidity patterns and their policy and interventional implications.
Seasonal Declines in Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab Concentration in Maturing Cotton Favor Faster Evolution of Resistance to Pyramided Bt Cotton in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Carrière Yves , Degain Ben , Unnithan Gopalan C , Harpold Virginia S , Li Xianchun , Tabashnik Bruce E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Under ideal conditions, widely adopted transgenic crop pyramids producing two or more distinct insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that kill the same pest can substantially delay evolution of resistance by pests. However, deviations from ideal conditions diminish the advantages of such pyramids. Here, we tested the hypothesis that changes in maturing cotton producing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab affect evolution of resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a pest with low inherent susceptibility to both toxins. In terminal leaves of field-grown Bt cotton, the concentration of both toxins was significantly higher for young, squaring plants than for old, fruiting plants. We used laboratory bioassays with plant material from field-grown cotton to test H. zea larvae from a strain selected for resistance to Cry1Ac in the laboratory, its more susceptible parent strain, and their F1 progeny. On young Bt cotton, no individuals survived to pupation. On old Bt cotton, survival to pupation was significantly higher for the lab-selected strain and the F1 progeny relative to the unselected parent strain, indicating dominant inheritance of resistance. Redundant killing, the extent to which insects resistant to one toxin are killed by another toxin in a pyramid, was complete on young Bt cotton, but not on old Bt cotton. No significant fitness costs associated with resistance were detected on young or old non-Bt cotton. Incorporation of empirical data into simulations indicates the observed increased selection for resistance on old Bt cotton could accelerate evolution of resistance to cotton producing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in H. zea.
Amyand hernia: scrotal pyocele, associated with perforated vermiform appendix and complicated by testicular ischemia in neonate
Authors: Omran Ammar , Gawrieh Bardisan Sleman , Abdo Aras , Ali Deeb Mohammad , Khalil Mohammad Almahmod , Shater Waseem 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The presence of vermiform appendix in an inguinal hernia sac is known as Amyand’s hernia. This research paper examines the case of a 28-day-old Syrian male presented with a history of an infected right-sided hydrocele from the age of 14 days. Upon admission, ultrasonography was reported as a right testicular torsion. Accordingly, emergency surgical exploration was performed, and by exposing the spermatic cord fascia, 7 mL of pus was drained, revealing the cecum and perforated appendix lying beside the right testis, which showed evidence of ischemia and bluish discoloration.
A Longitudinal Study of S. aureus Infection in a National Cohort of Surgical Patients
Authors: O’brien William J , Gupta Kalpana , Itani Kamal M F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Postoperative infections are a common and often preventable complication of surgery. Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent organism cultured in these infections and is associated with morbidity, mortality, and increased health care utilization. However, the long-term burden of S. aureus infection in surgical patients is not well studied. The purpose of this retrospective observational study was to assess the incidence, time trend, and burden of S. aureus infection up to 1 year after surgery.

Methods
We obtained manually reviewed data from the VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) to identify surgeries in all major specialties. These were combined with laboratory microbiology and pharmacy data to identify pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, surgical site, and blood.

Results
In the study population of 559 550 patients, S. aureus incidence decreased each year, from 2.1% in 2008 to 1.1% in 2015. Among these, incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection decreased from 0.7% to 0.4%, and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus decreased from 1.4% to 0.7%. S. aureus infection was associated with increased length of stay, emergency department utilization, inpatient admissions, and a 4-fold increase in mortality.

Conclusions
This is one of the largest studies describing the long-term incidence of S. aureus in the surgical population of a national integrated health care system. We conclude that the burden of S. aureus infection extends well beyond the conventional 30-day postoperative window, and late infection should be included in assessing the effects of interventions.
Dimensional reduction by conformal bootstrap
Authors: Hikami Shinobu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Dimensional reductions in the branched polymer model and the random field Ising model (RFIM) are discussed by a conformal bootstrap method. Small minors are applied for the evaluations of the scale dimensions of these two models and the results are compared to the $D'=D-2$D Yang–Lee edge singularity and to the pure $D'=D-2$D Ising model, respectively. For the former case, the dimensional reduction is shown to be valid for $3 \le D \le 8$ and, for the latter case, the deviation from the dimensional reduction can be seen below five dimensions.
Longitudinal evidence of the impact of dog ownership and dog walking on mental health
Authors: Cui Y , Russell M , Davern M , Christian H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Emerging evidence supports the physical health and social benefits of dog ownership. This study examined the longitudinal effect of dog ownership and dog walking on mental health.

Methods
Data from a cohort of 1023 participants taking part in the RESIDential Environments project, in Perth, Western Australia were collected over a 2 year period (baseline and follow-up). Self-report survey items measured mental health (stress and depression), dog ownership status and weekly minutes of dog walking. Logistic regression models accounted for potential confounding factors including socio–demographic, self-rated health and baseline mental health.

Results
Overall, no statistically significant effects were observed over time between dog ownership and stress (adjusted OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.81) or depression (adjusted OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 0.72, 3.16). There was a small inverse but non-significant association between weekly minutes of dog walking and stress over time (adjusted OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.22).

Conclusion
There was little evidence of prospective associations between dog ownership or dog walking and mental health. Further research is required to confirm longitudinal relationships between dog ownership and dog walking and mental health and investigate dog-related factors, such as a person’s attachment to their dog.
Quantifying the Range of Signal Modification in Clinically Fit Hearing Aids
Authors: Rallapalli Varsha , Anderson Melinda , Kates James , Balmert Lauren , Sirow Lynn , Arehart Kathryn , Souza Pamela 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:Hearing aids provide various signal processing techniques with a range of parameters to improve the listening experience for a hearing-impaired individual. In previous studies, we reported significant differences in signal modification for mild versus strong signal processing in commercially available hearing aids. In this study, the authors extend this work to clinically prescribed hearing aid fittings based on best-practice guidelines. The goals of this project are to determine the range of cumulative signal modification in clinically fit hearing aids across manufacturers and technology levels and the effects of listening conditions including signal to noise ratio (SNR) and presentation level on these signal modifications.Design:We identified a subset of hearing aids that were representative of a typical clinical setting. Deidentified hearing aid fitting data were obtained from three audiology clinics for adult hearing aid users with sensorineural hearing loss for a range of hearing sensitivities. Matching laboratory hearing aids were programmed with the deidentified fitting data. Output from these hearing aids was recorded at four SNRs and three presentation levels. The resulting signal modification was quantified using the cepstral correlation component of the Hearing Aid Speech Quality Index which measures the speech envelope changes in the context of a model of the listener’s hearing loss. These metric values represent the hearing aid processed signal as it is heard by the hearing aid user. Audiometric information was used to determine the nature of any possible association with the distribution of signal modification in these clinically fit hearing aids.Results:In general, signal modification increased as SNR decreased and presentation level increased. Differences across manufacturers were significant such that the effect of presentation level varied differently at each SNR, for each manufacturer. This result suggests that there may be variations across manufacturers in processing various listening conditions. There was no significant effect of technology level. There was a small effect of pure-tone average on signal modification for one manufacturer, but no effect of audiogram slope. Finally, there was a broad range of measured signal modification for a given hearing loss, for the same manufacturer and listening condition.Conclusions:The signal modification values in this study are representative of commonly fit hearing aids in clinics today. The results of this study provide insights into how the range of signal modifications obtained in real clinical fittings compares with a previous study. Future studies will focus on the behavioral implications of signal modifications in clinically fit hearing aids.