bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defecation by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi occurs with an ultradian rhythm through a single transient anal pore
Authors: Tamm Sidney L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDefecation in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is a stereotyped sequence of effector responses that occur with a regular ultradian rhythm. Here I used video microscopy to describe new features and correct previous reports of the gastrovascular system during and between defecations. Contrary to the scientific literature, individuals defecated through only one of the two anal canals which possesses the only anal pore. The anal pore was not visible as a permanent structure as depicted in textbooks, but appeared at defecation and disappeared afterward. Time intervals between repeated defecations in individual animals depended on body size, ranging from ~10 min in small larvae to ~1 hr in large adults. Differential interference contrast microscopy revealed that both the opening and closing of the anal pore resembled a reversible ring of tissue fusion between apposed endodermal and ectodermal layers at the aboral end. Individuals of M. leidyi thus appear to have an intermittent anus and therefore an intermittent through‐gut that reoccur at regular intervals. The temporality of a visible anal pore in M. leidyi is novel, and may shed light on the evolution of a permanent anus and through‐gut in animals. In addition, mirror image dimorphism of the diagonal anal complex occurs in larval ctenophores but not in adults, indicating developmental flexibility in diagonal symmetry of the anal complex.
Interface evolution of a C/ZnO absorption agent annealed at elevated temperature for tunable electromagnetic properties
Authors: Li Minghang , Yin Xiaowei , Xu Hailong , Li Xinliang , Cheng Laifei , Zhang Litong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExcellent electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption agents that attenuate EM waves by mechanisms based on impedance matching, conductive loss and polarization loss instead of destructive interference are urgently needed but remain challenging. Here, an EM wave absorption agent with a tailorable heterogeneous interface is designed and prepared by the in situ growth of ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of mesoporous carbon hollow microspheres (PCHMs@ZnO) via hydrothermal synthesis followed by annealing. A controlled interface evolution associated with abundant heterogeneous interfaces plays a crucial role in optimized impedance matching and enhanced interfacial polarization loss. With this method, targeted EM wave absorption agents with an excellent absorption ability that is derived mainly from polarization loss and conductive loss rather than destructive interference are successfully obtained. When the PCHMs@ZnO annealed at 700°C were combined with paraffin, the effective absorption bandwidth of the resultant composites covers the whole X band, and the mean value of reflection loss (RL) reaches −12 dB, exceeding those of other reported ZnO‐based materials. When the thickness of the composites varies from 3.3 to 4.3 mm, the value of the RL is lower than −8 dB in the whole X band. This work provides a promising model for preparing high‐performance EM wave absorption agents.
Development, in vitro validation and human application of a novel method to identify arrhythmia mechanisms: The stochastic trajectory analysis of ranked signals mapping method
Authors: Honarbakhsh Shohreh , Hunter Ross J. , Finlay Malcolm , Ullah Waqas , Keating Emily , Tinker Andrew , Schilling Richard J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionStochastic trajectory analysis of ranked signals (STAR) is a novel method for mapping arrhythmia. The aim was to describe its development and validation as a mapping tool.Methods and ResultsThe method ranks electrodes in terms of the proportion of the time they lead relative to neighboring electrodes and ascribes a predominant direction of activation between electrodes. This was conceived with the aim of mapping atrial fibrillation (AF) drivers. Validation of this approach was performed in stages. First, in vitro simultaneous multi‐electrode array and optical mapping were performed on spontaneously fibrillating HL1 cell cultures, to determine if such a method would be able to determine early sites of activation (ESA). A clinical study acquiring unipolar electrograms using a 64‐pole basket for the purposes of STAR mapping in patients undergoing atrial tachycardia (AT) ablation. STAR maps were analyzed by physicians to see if arrhythmia mechanisms could be correctly determined. Mapping was then repeated during atrial pacing. STAR mapping of in vitro activation sequences accurately correlated to the optical maps of planar and rotational activation. Thirty‐two ATs were mapped in 25 patients. The ESA accurately identified focal/micro‐reentrant ATs and the mechanism of macro‐reentrant ATs was effectively demonstrated. STAR method accurately identified four pacing sites in all patients.ConclusionsThis novel STAR method correlated well with the gold standard of optical mapping in vitro and was able to accurately identify AT mechanisms. Further analysis is needed to determine whether the method might be of use mapping AF.
Roof‐dependent atrial flutter with an epicardial component: Role of the septopulmonary bundle
Authors: Garcia Fermin , Enriquez Andres , Arroyo Alonso , Supple Gregory , Marchlinski Francis , Saenz Luis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation may predispose patients to the development of atypical atrial flutters (AFL). We describe two cases of roof dependent AFLs that failed to terminate despite posterior wall isolation. An epicardial breakthrough involving the septopulmonary bundle is proposed. The correlation between the electrophysiological findings and the anatomical substrate is described.
New tailored approach using a revised assessment of fragmented potentials for persistent atrial fibrillation: Early area defragmentation by modified CFAE module
Authors: Ohe Masatsugu , Haraguchi Go , Kumanomido Jun , Obuchi Aya , Hori Kensuke , Ito Shogo , Ueno Satoshi , Fukumoto Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is widely performed for atrial fibrillation (AFib). However, it is insufficient to maintain sinus rhythm (SR) in persistent and long persistent atrial fibrillation (Per‐AFib). Ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) is currently classified as class IIb, However, the concept of length of potential was different between the current CFAE module of CARTO system and the definition of CFAE potential. The current CFAE module was configured in the shortest complex interval (SCI) mode, in which the meaning of length of potential was the interval of each component of fragmented potentials. That was a part of the potential. On the other hand, the meaning of the definition of CFAE potential was the length of fragmented potential itself. The purpose of this study was to essentially evaluate fragmented potentials by revisiting in interval confidence level (ICL) mode and express them on the map and prospectively investigate the efficacy and prognosis of a new tailored approach for defragmentation, which is called early area defragmentation (EADF).Methods and ResultsWe acquired atrial potentials by modified CFAE module in ICL mode (K‐CFAE potential) and visualized the distribution of K‐CFAE potential (K‐CFAE map). We performed PVI, and we ablated the fragmented areas based on the K‐CFAE map. We enrolled 77 patients in this study (control group: 84 patients). After 24‐month follow‐up, 75.3% were able to maintain SR.ConclusionsK‐CFAE mapping faithfully represented the distribution of fragmented areas. PVI, together with our new tailored approach, EADF, was successful in treating Per‐AFib.
Effect of time on tooth dehydration and rehydration
Authors: Suliman Sama , Sulaiman Taiseer A. , Olafsson Vilhelm G. , Delgado Alex J. , Donovan Terence E. , Heymann Harald O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the time required for teeth to dehydrate and rehydrate and its relation to the accuracy of tooth shade selection.Materials and MethodsThirty‐two participants were recruited, and color measurements were conducted using a spectrophotometer placed with a custom jig. After isolation, baseline measurements were made at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 min intervals to determine dehydration time. After mouth rinsing, measurements were made to determine rehydration time. CIEDE2000 values were obtained for color change between the baseline recordings and all intervals and compared to the 50:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. Analysis of variance (anova) and Tukey test was used for multiple comparisons.ResultThe tooth color changes were beyond the ΔE00 perceptibility threshold (0.8) within the first minute of dehydration (P > 0.0001). After the first minute, 87% of the teeth were beyond the ΔE00 perceptibility threshold (0.8), and 72% of the teeth were beyond the ΔE00 acceptability threshold (1.8). After 15 min of rehydration, 90% of the teeth were beyond the perceptibility threshold, and 65% were beyond the acceptability threshold.ConclusionsShade selection procedures should be carried out within the first minute and before teeth dehydrate by means of isolation. Teeth do not rehydrate within 15 min after rehydration.Clinical SignificanceTeeth dehydration has a negative impact on shade selection, which can affect the final esthetic outcome. Shade selection should be performed at the beginning of any restorative procedure.
Systemic infection in European perch with thermoadapted virulent Aeromonas salmonicida (Perca fluviatilis)
Authors: Rupp Melanie , Pilo Paola , Müller Barbara , Knüsel Ralph , von Siebenthal Beat , Frey Joachim , Sindilariu Paul‐Daniel , Schmidt‐Posthaus Heike 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn non‐salmonid fish, Aeromonas salmonicidacan cause local infections with severe skin ulcerations, known as atypical furunculosis. In this study, we present a systemic infection by a virulent A. salmonicidain European perch (Perca fluviatilis).This infection was diagnosed in a Swiss warm water recirculation aquaculture system. The isolate of A. salmonicida encodes a type three secretion system (TTSS) most likely located on a plasmid similar to pAsa5/pASvirA, which is known to specify one of the main virulence attributes of the species A. salmonicida. However, the genes specifying the TTSS of the perch isolate show a higher temperature tolerance than strains isolated from cold‐water fish. The function of the TTSS in virulence was verified in a cytotoxicity test using bluegill fry and epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cells.
First detection and isolation of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus from farmed rainbow trout in Nyeri County, Kenya
Authors: Mulei Isaac R. , Nyaga Phillip N. , Mbuthia Paul G. , Waruiru Robert M. , Xu Cheng , Evensen Øystein , Mutoloki Stephen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInfectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is the causative agent of infectious haematopoietic necrosis, a disease of salmonid responsible for great economic losses. The disease occurs in most parts of the world where rainbow trout is reared but has not been previously reported in Kenya. In this study, rainbow trout fry and growers from two farms in Nyeri County were screened for IHNV. Whole fry (n = 4 from each farm) and kidney samples from growers (n = 15 andn = 6 from the two farms, respectively) were collected and preserved for cell culture examination or PCR analysis. Screening of samples was done by PCR followed by sequencing of the glycoprotein gene of the virus. Demonstration of the virus was done by propagation in EPC cells followed by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The results revealed the presence of IHNV at low prevalence of 0.1 and 0.4 for the two farms. The virus was confirmed both by IFAT and by partial sequencing of the G gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Kenyan isolates were identical to those of the J genogroup found mostly in Asia. The findings have implications for biosecurity measures and import regulations for the Kenyan rainbow trout industry.
Effects of radio frequency, air and water tempering, and different end‐point tempering temperatures on pork quality
Authors: Zhu Yali , Li Feng , Tang Juming , Wang Ting‐Ting , Jiao Yang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo explore the effects of different tempering methods and end‐tempering temperature on pork quality, 1 kg frozen lean pork samples in cuboid shapes were treated under radio frequency tempering (3 kW, 27.12 MHz), water tempering, and air tempering from −22°C to −1°C and −4°C, respectively. Tempering time, temperature distribution, drip loss, cook loss, pH, color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) value of tempered samples were evaluated for comparison. Results showed both tempering methods and tempering temperature had significant (p < 0.05) effects on pork quality. The tempering time needed for water and air tempering were about 9 and 17 times longer than radio frequency tempering to reach −1°C, respectively (p < 0.05). From the tempering temperature point of view, when tempered to −1°C, no significant effect was found on physical and chemical properties of pork samples than tempered to −4°C (p > 0.05) expect for the increased drip loss, cook loss and the decreased pH (p < 0.05). From the tempering method point of view, air tempering retains the most physiochemical properties of fresh pork samples except for a higher cook loss, and a lower pH when tempering to −1°C (p < 0.05). The cook loss, TVBN and b* values were significantly higher, and the pH and L* values were lower (p < 0.05) in water immersion tempering to −1°C than those of fresh samples. Meanwhile, the cook loss, TVBN and b* was higher, and pH was lower than those of fresh values (p < 0.05) after radio frequency tempering to −1°C. In general, air tempering retained the best quality of pork samples, and radio frequency tempering showed the fastest tempering rate while also resulted in an acceptable meat quality, which has the potential of being further applied to meat industry.Practical applicationResults in this study provide sufficient data to the meat industry for selecting appropriate tempering method and target tempering temperature based on specific requirements. Results reveal that radio frequency tempering was fast and relatively uniform, which had the capability of defrosting meat blocks in the desired short time with acceptable physiochemical properties. However, radio frequency tempering also showed its limitation on non‐uniform heating especially at targeting temperature of −1°C. This reminds the meat industry to carefully design tempering protocols with appropriate tempering rate and endpoint temperature when applying radio frequency technology.
Inhaler Review in Older Adults with Asthma or COPD: A Cost‐Effectiveness Study and a Perspective in Portugal
Authors: Maricoto Tiago , Marques‐Gomes João , Correia‐de‐Sousa Jaime , Taborda‐Barata Luís 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVESOlder patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are particularly susceptible to exacerbations that may be associated with incorrect use of inhalers. Educational programs with inhaler technique review seem to be effective, but no studies have addressed their cost‐effectiveness in older adult patients.The objective was to perform a cost‐effectiveness analysis of education programs in older patients and estimate the cost benefit of applying such a program in Portugal.DESIGNWe developed a decision tree analysis from a healthcare perspective, according to intervention costs and the exacerbation rates and costs described in a previous meta‐analysis. A sensitivity analysis of worst and best case scenarios was performed to estimate thresholds for intervention affordable limits, as well as cost‐saving estimations and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for a Portuguese scenario.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTSWe estimated cost‐effectiveness thresholds applicable in all settings and performed a sensitivity analysis of a theoretical intervention model in all patients including an inhaler technique review at an annual appointment with a doctor and a nurse.RESULTSIn the best case scenario, the intervention affordable budget could be up to almost 1800€ (US $1585.24) per patient per year. Mean intervention‐associated savings in Portugal would be 311.88€ (US $274.68) per patient per year, representing annual savings up to €131 million (US $150 million) for the whole health system, already including intervention costs. ICERs for Portugal vary between 93.73€ (US $82.55) and 437.43€ (US $385.25) per exacerbation avoided.CONCLUSIONA model of an intervention program with an inhaler technique review in older adult patients suggests that this intervention is cost‐effective and can generate significant savings. J Am Geriatr Soc 1–7, 2019.
Women and Tattoos: Fashion, Meaning, and Implications for Health
Authors: Farley Cindy L. , Van Hoover Cheri , Rademeyer Carol‐Ann 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTattooing is a type of body modification that is both ancient and modern. Tattooing is rapidly increasing in popularity and prevalence, especially among younger people. Therefore, health care providers require knowledge about this form of artistic expression, including potential health implications and psychosocial significance. Tattooing is richly laden with cultural and personal meaning, but despite the increasingly mainstream status of this art form, individuals with tattoos may experience stigma, stereotyping, and discrimination in their personal and professional lives. The legal and regulatory aspects of tattoos have lagged behind the rapid growth of this art form, causing confusion and variation in practice. Particularly concerning is the multitude of largely unregulated tattoo inks marketed for human use but untested on humans. Common and uncommon side effects and complications of this procedure include hypersensitivity, infection, and regret. More women than men are now tattooed, and tattooing is associated with important implications for women's health care, including pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. Because of the frequency of regret, many individuals wish to be rid of previously acquired body art. Therefore, health care providers also need to be conversant with tattoo removal: motivations, techniques, risks, and factors influencing success. Familiarity with the many dimensions of body art will facilitate safe, compassionate health care provision and will enhance the therapeutic relationship enjoyed by clinicians and the individuals they serve.
Factors That Contribute to Excessive Sleepiness in Midwives Practicing in the United States
Authors: Arbour Megan , Tanner Tanya , Hensley Jennifer , Beardsley Janet , Wika Judie , Garvan Cynthia 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionExcessive daytime sleepiness is defined as difficulty maintaining wakefulness and alertness during normal waking hours. Excessive daytime sleepiness can lead to clinical errors in health care workers and is associated with dangerous driving. Little is known about the level of daytime sleepiness in midwives in the United States. The purposes of this study, conducted by the American College of Nurse‐Midwives (ACNM) Sleep and Safety Taskforce, were first to identify the sleepiness level of US certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs) and certified midwives (CMs) by calculating Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores for CNM/CMs in full‐scope practice, and then to determine factors that significantly contribute to elevated Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores (>10).MethodsParticipants in this descriptive, correlational survey study were active ACNM members in full‐scope midwifery practice. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Surveys were emailed to all active members of ACNM (N = 4358).ResultsA total of 753 (17.3%) survey responses were returned, of which 639 (14.7%) were eligible for analysis. Within this group, 639 (84.9%) self‐identified as being in full‐scope midwifery practice, and one‐fourth (n = 164; 25.7%) had elevated Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores. Duration of work shifts was the only variable found to significantly contribute to differences in Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores, with midwives working shifts longer than 12 hours having higher rates of excessive daytime sleepiness compared with midwives who worked shifts of 12 hours or less.DiscussionMidwives, midwifery services, and maternity care centers can work together to ensure that clinicians obtain adequate sleep. Reducing excessive sleepiness will contribute to increased safety for midwives, women, newborns, and the general public.
Impact of Coping Strategies on Nurses’ Well‐Being and Practice
Authors: Lee Tony Szu‐Hsien , Tzeng Wen‐Chii , Chiang Hui‐Hsun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the mechanisms of coping strategies on nurses’ psychological well‐being, practice environments and safety attitudes.MethodsA cross‐sectional study design was used. Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the results. Five hundred clinical nurses were randomly selected from a large group of 1,500 from a medical center with 1,350 beds in Taipei, Taiwan, from July to October 2015. Self‐report questionnaires were administered to measure coping strategies (Brief COPE), psychological well‐being (Ryff's Psychological Well‐being Scale), nurses’ practice environments (Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index), and safety attitudes (Safety Attitudes Questionnaire).ResultsOf the 500 participants who gave written consent, 474 (94.8%) filled out the questionnaire. Results showed that using more approach‐oriented coping strategies and fewer avoidant coping strategies was associated with greater psychological well‐being. Psychological well‐being was directly associated with quality of nurses’ practice environments and safety attitudes. The impact of psychological well‐being on safety attitudes was mediated significantly by the quality of the practice environment. The use of approach‐oriented coping strategies was significantly predictive of positive psychological well‐being, a good practice environment, and good safety attitudes.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis study found a distinct pathway for the relationships between clinical nurses’ psychological well‐being, practice environment, and safety attitudes. Psychological well‐being in clinical nurses was higher for those with more approach‐oriented coping strategies. Psychological well‐being directly impacted safety attitudes, which mediated nurses’ practice environments. The practical implications of the results suggest that interventions designed to promote positive psychological well‐being may help improve nurses’ practice environments, which, in turn, may result in better safety attitudes and nursing care outcomes.
Trotula de Ruggiero: The Magistra mulier sapiens and her medical dermatology treatises
Authors: Bifulco Maurizio , De Falco Domenico D. , Aquino Rita P. , Pisanti Simona 
Published: February 2019

SummaryTrotula de Ruggiero is supposed to be one of the first female physician of the history, or at least the first who practiced, taught, and wrote medical texts inside the illustrious medieval Medical School of Salerno around the XI‐XII centuries. Here we retrace the steps of her fascinating history from historical cues to legendary anecdotes, through the analysis of the medical texts which were ascribed to her in the Middle Ages and that were very popular around Europe for several centuries, prevalently dealing with all the aspects of women's medical problems, with a focus on dermatology, cosmetic science, and obstetrics/gynecology.