bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PARATETHYAN PETROLEUM SOURCE ROCKS: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Sachsenhofer R. F. , Popov S.V. , Coric S. , Mayer J. , Misch D. , Morton M.T. , Pupp M. , Rauball J. , Tari G. 
Published: June 2018

The Paratethys area extends from Central Europe to the borders of the Caspian Sea in Central Asia and hosts a significant number of petroleum provinces, many of which have been charged by Eocene to Miocene source rocks of supra‐regional significance. These include highly oil‐prone Middle Eocene marls and limestones in the Eastern Paratethys (Kuma Formation and equivalents) which are several tens of metres thick. Estimates of the source potential index (SPI) indicate that the Kuma Formation in the northern Caucasus and the Rioni Basin (Georgia) may generate 1 to 2 tons of hydrocarbons per square metre (tHC/m2). This implies that the Kuma Formation may also be an important and additional source rock in the eastern Black Sea.Oligocene and Lower Miocene pelitic rocks (Maikop Group and equivalents) are considered to be the most important source rocks in the Paratethys. Vertical variations in source potential record different stages of basin isolation that reached a maximum during the Early Oligocene (NP23) Solenovian Event. However major variations exist between different sub‐basins in the Central and the Eastern Paratethys. In the Central Paratethys, the highest quality source rocks occur in the Carpathian Basin where the Menilite Formation, several hundreds of metres thick, can generate up to 10 tHC/m2. Locally the Menilite Formation is about 1500 m thick and continues into the Lower Miocene. In these settings, the Menilite Formation can generate approximately 70 tHC/m2. In the Alpine Foreland Basin (Schöneck and Eggerding Formations) and the Pannonian Basin (Tard Clay Formation), oil‐prone source rocks are restricted to the Lower Oligocene. In the Eastern Paratethys, the best source rock intervals of the Maikop Group are typically associated with the Early Oligocene Solenovian Event. By contrast, with the exception of the Kura Basin in Azerbaijan, the potential of Upper Oligocene and Lower Miocene rocks is often limited. In total, the Maikop Group may generate up to 2 tHC/m2 in the North Caucasus area and 4 tHC/m2 in the Rioni Basin.A particular source rock facies is found in the Western Black Sea where diatomaceous rocks with good oil potential accumulated in the Kaliakra Canyon during Early Miocene time. This facies may generate up to 8 tHC/m2, but is probably limited to shelf‐break canyons.Middle and Upper Miocene rocks are the main source for oil and thermogenic gas in the Pannonian Basin System, and also contributed to thermogenic hydrocarbons in the Moesian Platform and the South Caspian Basin. In addition, Upper Oligocene and Miocene rocks are the source for microbial gas in several basins including the Alpine and Carpathian foredeeps.
Cataract surgery refractive outcomes: representative standards in a National Health Service setting
Authors: Brogan Kerr , Diaper Charles J M , Rotchford Alan P 
Published: June 2018

Background/aimsTo report refractive outcomes from an National Health Service (NHS) cataract surgery service and assess if results meet suggested benchmark standard.MethodsDetails of all patients undergoing cataract surgery in the Southern General and New Victoria hospitals in Glasgow, UK, between November 2006 and December 2016 were prospectively entered into an electronic database. Patients were reviewed 4 weeks postoperatively in the eye clinic and underwent refraction at their local optometrist prior to this appointment. Surgically uncomplicated cases with in the bag’ non-toric intraocular lens implantation were included. Patients with previous laser refractive procedures or failing to achieve 6/12 acuity or better postoperatively were excluded. Proximity to targeted postoperative refraction was documented.ResultsOver this 10-year period, 11 083 eyes underwent cataract surgery. Of these, 8943 eyes of 6936 patients (80.69%) met the inclusion criteria and had both target and postoperative outcome refraction recorded. The mean difference between the targeted and outcome refraction was −0.07 D (SD 0.67). The mean absolute error was 0.50 D. Postoperative refraction was within 1 D of target refraction for 7938 eyes (88.76%) and within 0.50 D for 5577 eyes (62.36%).ConclusionRefractive outcomes following routine cataract surgery reported here are well within the targets recommended by the Royal College of Ophthalmologists and European guidelines, but suggest that higher cataract refractive outcome benchmark standards may not yet be a realistic expectation for all NHS units with current biometry practice.
Clinical features of paediatric uveitis at a tertiary referral centre in São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Authors: Souto Fernanda Maria Silveira , Giampietro Bárbara Vilela , Takiuti Julia Thiemi , Campos Lucia Maria Arruda , Hirata Carlos Eduardo , Yamamoto Joyce Hisae 
Published: June 2018

AimsTo analyse the clinical features, systemic associations, treatment and visual outcomes of uveitis in children from a referral centre in São Paulo, Brazil.MethodsClinical records of patients under 16 years old who attended the Uveitis Service, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdadede Medicina, Universidade de São PauloFMUSP, between April and September 2017, were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with incomplete medical records, previous ocular trauma, or less than six6 months of follow-up were excluded.ResultsThirty-nine children (25 female/14 male) were included. There was predominance of bilateral (89.7%), asymptomatic (56.4%) and recurrent/chronic cases (84.6%). The mean age at study inclusion was 10.7±3.4 years (range 3–16 years). Improvement or preservation of visual acuity (VA) was observed in 27 patients (84%); VA was not informed in 8 patients. Patients were referred early to tertiary centre (55% within 6 months of uveitis diagnosis). Anterior uveitis was the most common involvement (46%), followed by intermediate uveitis (26%). Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis (41%) and immune-mediated intermediate uveitis (25.6%) were the principal non-infectious conditions; ocular toxoplasmosis (7.7%) and toxocariasis (5.1%) were the most common infectious conditions. Ocular complications were observed at first visit in 46% of patients and in 90% during final evaluation. Oral prednisone, immunosuppressive therapy (IMT) and/or biologic agents were used in all non-infectious conditions (32 children, 82%); IMT and/or biologic agents were used in all patients with JIA-associated uveitis and in 50% of patients with immune-mediated intermediate uveitis.ConclusionPaediatric patients with uveitis are referred early to this centre and, although severe, adequate management with systemic IMT may preserve VA.
Lower vitamin D levels are associated with higher blood glucose levels in Asian Indian women with pre-diabetes: a population-based cross-sectional study in North India
Authors: Bhatt Surya Prakash , Misra Anoop , Gulati Seema , Singh Naamrata , Pandey Ravindra Mohan 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAsian Indian women are predisposed to develop obesity, metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency. Relationship of vitamin D deficiency with blood glucose levels has not been explored in Asian Indian women with pre-diabetes.ObjectiveWe evaluated the associations of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations among adult women with the pre-diabetes residing in North India (Delhi).MethodsThis cross-sectional population-based study involved 797 women with pre-diabetes aged 20–60 years. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), extent of sun exposure and serum 25(OH)D levels were assessed. For purpose of analysis, serum 25(OH)D levels (nmol/L) were categorized in quintiles as follows: 0–21.5 (first quintile), 21.51–35.60 (second quintile), 35.61–46.50 (third quintile), 46.51–62.30 (fourth quintile) and >62.31 (fifth quintile).ResultThe prevalence (%) of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency was 68.6, 25.9 and 5.5, respectively. Mean age (p=0.004), systolic (p=0.05) and diastolic (p=0.04) blood pressure, weight (p=0.03), BMI (p=0.04) and FBG (p=0.02) were significantly higher in subjects with vitamin D deficiency as compared with those with vitamin D insufficiency and sufficiency. Unadjusted mean values of FBG were significantly decreased in fourth (p=0.02) and fifth quintiles (p=0.030) of 25(OH)D levels as compared with second quintile. Furthermore, after adjusting for age and family income FBG levels were significantly increased in first quintile (compared with fourth (p=0.012) and fifth (p=0.018) quintiles) and second quintile (compared with fourth (p=0.003) and fifth (p=0.004) quintiles) of 25(OH)D levels, respectively.ConclusionLower vitamin D levels are associated with higher blood glucose values in Asian Indian women with pre-diabetes. These findings need confirmation in case–control and prospective studies.
Growth and body composition of children aged 2–4 years after exposure to community mobilisation women’s groups in Bangladesh
Authors: Fottrell Edward , Ahmed Naveed , Nahar Badrun , Shaha Sanjit Kumer , Kuddus Abdul , Grijalva-Eternod Carlos S , Nahar Tasmin , Fall Caroline , Osmond Clive , Govoni Virginia , Finer Sarah , Yajnik Chittaranjan , Khan A K Azad , Costello Anthony , Azad Kishwar , Hitman Graham A 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundWomen’s groups interventions in Bangladesh reduced neonatal deaths by 38% and improved hygienic delivery, newborn care practices and breast feeding. We explore the longer-term impact of exposure to women’s groups during pregnancy on child growth at 2–4 years.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional survey of child anthropometric measures (analysed as z-scores) among children born to women who had participated in the women’s groups interventions while pregnant, compared with an age-matched and sex-matched sample of children born to control mothers. Results were stratified by maternal body mass index (BMI) and adjusted for possible confounding effects of maternal education, household asset ownership and, in a separate model, mother-child height difference, a proxy for improved survival of small babies in intervention groups.ResultsData were obtained from 2587 mother-child pairs (91% response). After adjustment for asset ownership, maternal education and potential survival effects, children whose mothers were exposed to the women’s group intervention had higher head (0.16 (0.04 to 0.28)), mid-upper arm (0.11 (0.04 to 0.19)), abdominal (0.13 (0.00 to 0.26)) and chest (0.18 (0.08 to 0.29)) circumferences than their control counterparts. No significant differences in subcutaneous fat (subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness) were observed. When stratified by maternal BMI, intervention children had higher weight, BMI and circumferences, and these effects decreased with increasing maternal BMI category.ConclusionsWomen’s groups appear to have had a lasting, positive impact on child anthropometric outcomes, with most significant results clustering in children of underweight mothers. Observed differences are likely to be of public health significance in terms of the nutritional and metabolic development of children.
Current evidence for anesthesia management during endovascular stroke therapy: updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Goyal Nitin , Malhotra Konark , Ishfaq Muhammad F , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Nickele Christopher , Hoit Daniel , Arthur Adam S , Alexandrov Andrei V , Elijovich Lucas 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionDebate continues about the optimal anesthetic management for patients undergoing endovascular treatment (ET) of acute ischemic stroke due to emergent large vessel occlusion.ObjectiveTo compare, using current evidence, the clinical outcomes and procedural characteristics among patients undergoing general anesthesia (GA) and local or monitored anesthesia (non-GA).MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available studies that involved the use of stent retrievers for ET (stentriever group). Additionally, we included studies that were published in 2015 and later, and compared the clinical outcomes among the studies using stentrievers or no stentrievers (pre-stentriever group). Outcome variables included functional independence (FI; modified Rankin Scale scores of 0–2), symptomatic hemorrhage, mortality, procedure duration, and vascular and respiratory complications. We calculated pooled odds ratios and 95% CIs using random-effects models.ResultsSixteen studies (three randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and 13 non-randomized studies) were identified comprising 5836 patients. Although non-GA was associated with higher odds of 3-month FI (OR=1.57; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.10; P=0.003) and lower odds of 3-month mortality (OR=0.62; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.82; P=0.0006, substantial heterogeneity was noted across included trials. Sensitivity analyses of RCTs showed that non-GA was inversely associated with FI (OR=0.55; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.89; P=0.01; I2=15%), while no association was noted with mortality (OR=1.36; 95% CI 0.79 to 2.34; P=0.27; I2=0%).ConclusionOur updated meta-analysis demonstrates favorable results with non-GA, probably owing to inclusion of non-randomized studies. Recent single-center RCTs indicate that GA is associated with higher odds of FI at 3 months, while other outcomes are similar between the two groups.
Distributed Trade-Based Edge Device Management in Multi-Gateway IoT
Authors: Samie Farzad , Tsoutsouras Vasileios , Bauer Lars , Xydis Sotirios , Soudris Dimitrios , Henkel Jörg 
Published: June 2018

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) envisions an infrastructure of ubiquitous networked smart devices offering advanced monitoring and control services. The current art in IoT architectures utilizes gateways to enable application-specific connectivity to IoT devices. In typical configurations, IoT gateways are shared among several IoT edge devices. Given the limited available bandwidth and processing capabilities of an IoT gateway, the service quality (SQ) of connected IoT edge devices must be adjusted over time not only to fulfill the needs of individual IoT device users but also to tolerate the SQ needs of the other IoT edge devices sharing the same gateway. However, having multiple gateways introduces an interdependent problem, the binding, i.e., which IoT device shall connect to which gateway.
In this article, we jointly address the binding and allocation problems of IoT edge devices in a multigateway system under the constraints of available bandwidth, processing power, and battery lifetime. We propose a distributed trade-based mechanism in which after an initial setup, gateways negotiate and trade the IoT edge devices to increase the overall SQ. We evaluate the efficiency of the proposed approach with a case study and through extensive experimentation over different IoT system configurations regarding the number and type of the employed IoT edge devices. Experiments show that our solution improves the overall SQ by up to 56% compared to an unsupervised system. Our solution also achieves up to 24.6% improvement on overall SQ compared to the state-of-the-art SQ management scheme, while they both meet the battery lifetime constraints of the IoT devices.
MET-Oncogenic and JAK2-Inactivating Alterations Are Independent Factors That Affect Regulation of PD-L1 Expression in Lung Cancer
Authors: Saigi Maria , Alburquerque-Bejar Juan J. , Mc Leer-Florin Anne , Pereira Carolina , Pros Eva , Romero Octavio A. , Baixeras Nuria , Esteve-Codina Anna , Nadal Ernest , Brambilla Elisabeth , Sanchez-Cespedes Montse 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Purpose: The blockade of immune checkpoints such as PD-L1 and PD-1 is being exploited therapeutically in several types of malignancies. Here, we aimed to understand the contribution of the genetics of lung cancer to the ability of tumor cells to escape immunosurveillance checkpoints.
Experimental Design: More than 150 primary non–small cell lung cancers, including pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas, were tested for levels of the HLA-I complex, PD-L1, tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes, and alterations in main lung cancer genes. Correlations were validated in cancer cell lines using appropriate treatments to activate or inhibit selected pathways. We also performed RNA sequencing to assess changes in gene expression after these treatments.
Results: MET-oncogenic activation tended to associate with positive PD-L1 immunostaining, whereas STK11 mutations were correlated with negative immunostaining. In MET-altered cancer cells, MET triggered a transcriptional increase of PD-L1 that was independent of the IFNγ-mediated JAK/STAT pathway. The activation of MET also upregulated other immunosuppressive genes (PDCD1LG2 and SOCS1) and transcripts involved in angiogenesis (VEGFA and NRP1) and in cell proliferation. We also report recurrent inactivating mutations in JAK2 that co-occur with alterations in MET and STK11, which prevented the induction of immunoresponse-related genes following treatment with IFNγ.
Conclusions: We show that MET activation promotes the expression of several negative checkpoint regulators of the immunoresponse, including PD-L1. In addition, we report inactivation of JAK2 in lung cancer cells that prevented the response to IFNγ. These alterations are likely to facilitate tumor growth by enabling immune tolerance and may affect the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4579–87. ©2018 AACR.
Repositioning Dopamine D2 Receptor Agonist Bromocriptine to Enhance Docetaxel Chemotherapy and Treat Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yang Yang , Mamouni Kenza , Li Xin , Chen Yanhua , Kavuri Sravan , Du Yuhong , Fu Haian , Kucuk Omer , Wu Daqing 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Docetaxel resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis. In this study, we demonstrate that the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) agonist bromocriptine effectively enhances docetaxel efficacy and suppresses skeletal growth of prostate cancer in preclinical models. DRD2 is ubiquitously expressed in prostate cancer cell lines and significantly reduced in prostate cancer tissues with high Gleason score. Bromocriptine has weak to moderate cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells, but effectively induces cell-cycle arrest. At the molecular level, bromocriptine inhibits the expression of c-Myc, E2F-1, and survivin and increases the expression of p53, p21, and p27. Intriguingly, bromocriptine markedly reduces androgen receptor levels, partially through Hsp90-mediated protein degradation. The combination of bromocriptine and docetaxel demonstrates enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells and significantly retards the skeletal growth of C4-2-Luc tumors in mice. Collectively, these results provide the first experimental evidence for repurposing bromocriptine as an effective adjunct therapy to enhance docetaxel efficacy in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 1859–70. ©2018 AACR.
YAP Is Essential for Treg-Mediated Suppression of Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Ni Xuhao , Tao Jinhui , Barbi Joseph , Chen Qian , Park Benjamin V. , Li Zhiguang , Zhang Nailing , Lebid Andriana , Ramaswamy Anjali , Wei Ping , Zheng Ying , Zhang Xuehong , Wu Xingmei , Vignali Paolo , Yang Cui-Ping , Li Huabin , Pardoll Drew , Lu Ling , Pan Duojia , Pan Fan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg) are critical for maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, but their suppressive function can impede effective antitumor immune responses. FOXP3 is a transcription factor expressed in Tregs that is required for their function. However, the pathways and microenvironmental cues governing FOXP3 expression and Treg function are not completely understood. Herein, we report that YAP, a coactivator of the Hippo pathway, is highly expressed in Tregs and bolsters FOXP3 expression and Treg function in vitro and in vivo. This potentiation stemmed from YAP-dependent upregulation of activin signaling, which amplifies TGFβ/SMAD activation in Tregs. YAP deficiency resulted in dysfunctional Tregs unable to suppress antitumor immunity or promote tumor growth in mice. Chemical YAP antagonism and knockout or blockade of the YAP-regulated activin receptor similarly improved antitumor immunity. Thus, we identify YAP as an unexpected amplifier of a Treg-reinforcing pathway with significant potential as an anticancer immunotherapeutic target.Significance: Tregs suppress antitumor immunity, and pathways supporting their function can be novel immunotherapy targets. Here, the selective expression of YAP by Tregs, its importance for their function, and its unexpected enhancement of pro-Treg Activin/SMAD signaling are reported, as are validations of potential cancer-fighting antagonists of YAP and its regulatory targets. Cancer Discov; 8(8); 1026–43. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 899
Precision Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer: Fundamental Principles
Authors: Rebbeck Timothy R. , Burns-White Karen , Chan Andrew T. , Emmons Karen , Freedman Matthew , Hunter David J. , Kraft Peter , Laden Francine , Mucci Lorelei , Parmigiani Giovanni , Schrag Deborah , Syngal Sapna , Tamimi Rulla M. , Viswanath Kasisomayajula , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Garber Judy E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrevention and early detection is critical for reducing the population cancer burden. Two approaches have been used: Population approaches change social norms (e.g., smoking bans) or impose incentives (e.g., cigarette taxes); high-risk strategies intervene upon individuals with elevated cancer risk (e.g., smoking cessation). Knowledge about carcinogenesis mechanisms, extreme exposures, and inherited susceptibility provides opportunities to develop precision prevention and early-detection (PPED) strategies. PPED aims to understand the basis of risk, identify groups that optimally benefit from interventions, characterize heterogeneity in intervention responses, optimize intervention timing, and minimize toxicities. We propose a framework around which PPED strategies can be developed. Currently available cancer prevention and early-detection approaches have the potential to reduce a large proportion of the cancer burden in the population. However, even if fully implemented, existing methods cannot fully eliminate the cancer burden. New PPED approaches that exploit the growing knowledge of molecular and biological cancer mechanisms should be developed and implemented. Cancer Discov; 8(7); 803–11. ©2018 AACR.