bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine-fibrous cellulose II aerogels of high specific surface from pulp solutions in TBAF·H2O/DMSO
Authors: Schimper Christian B. , Pachschwoell Paul , Wendland Martin , Smid Ena , Neouze Marie-Alexandra , Nedelec Jean-Marie , Henniges Ute , Rosenau Thomas , Liebner Falk 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Lightweight cellulose II aerogels featuring densities of about 40–70 mg cm−3 were prepared from 1 to 3% solutions of different pulps in hot (60°C) tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF)·H2O/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by (i) the coagulation of cellulose with EtOH to afford self-standing, transparent and homogeneous gels, (ii) gel ripening and washing, (iii) solvent exchange and (iv) supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) drying. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses confirmed that the chemical integrity of cellulose is largely preserved at short dissolution times. Dissolution of more than 2% of cellulose at a sufficiently low viscosity for solution, casting was achieved after the water content of TBAF was reduced to a value equaling that of the monohydrate. Intriguingly, the obtained aerogels featured higher specific surfaces (≤470 m2 g−1) than comparable materials prepared from other cellulose solvents. This is due to the particular morphology of TBAF aerogels, which is supposedly formed by spinodal decomposition of the cellulose/solvent mixture upon exposure to the cellulose antisolvent. As a result, largely homogeneous three-dimensional (3D) networks of agglomerated cellulose spheres were formed, which simultaneously acted as supporting scaffolds for interconnected micron-size voids. As cellulose spheres are composed of very small interwoven nanofibers, TBAF-derived aerogels contain a high portion of micropores and small amounts of mesopores, too.
Central pattern generators in the brainstem and spinal cord: an overview of basic principles, similarities and differences
Authors: Steuer Inge , Guertin Pierre A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Central pattern generators (CPGs) are generally defined as networks of neurons capable of enabling the production of central commands, specifically controlling stereotyped, rhythmic motor behaviors. Several CPGs localized in brainstem and spinal cord areas have been shown to underlie the expression of complex behaviors such as deglutition, mastication, respiration, defecation, micturition, ejaculation, and locomotion. Their pivotal roles have clearly been demonstrated although their organization and cellular properties remain incompletely characterized. In recent years, insightful findings about CPGs have been made mainly because (1) several complementary animal models were developed; (2) these models enabled a wide variety of techniques to be used and, hence, a plethora of characteristics to be discovered; and (3) organizations, functions, and cell properties across all models and species studied thus far were generally found to be well-preserved phylogenetically. This article aims at providing an overview for non-experts of the most important findings made on CPGs in in vivo animal models, in vitro preparations from invertebrate and vertebrate species as well as in primates. Data about CPG functions, adaptation, organization, and cellular properties will be summarized with a special attention paid to the network for locomotion given its advanced level of characterization compared with some of the other CPGs. Similarities and differences between these networks will also be highlighted.
“Authentically Disney, distinctly Chinese” and faintly American: The emotional branding of Disneyland in Shanghai
Authors: Cheung Ming , McCarthy William 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSince the 1980s Disney has opened a new overseas theme park every decade. After finding success in Tokyo in 1983, subsequent parks in Paris and Hong Kong have struggled to profit financially and connect culturally with locals. For Shanghai in 2016, Disney utilized a new discourse for the parkʼs development and configuration termed “authentically Disney, distinctly Chinese.” In this paper, Disneyʼs emotional branding strategy for Shanghai Disneyland is analyzed using a framework of five antecedents for creating affective attachment to brands. In addition, the pragmatics of the dyadic phrase and the intertextuality of the parkʼs composition demonstrate that unlike previous international Disneylands, Disney blurred and removed cultural and contextual references to America from Shanghai in an effort to achieve resonance with Chinese visitors. The result is Chinaʼs Disneyland, not Disneyland in China. Though Shanghaiʼs revenue and attendance figures are good so far, Disney will likely face challenges to its new emotional branding strategy from within China and the US.
The Western Balkans: Weak performance since the crisis
Authors: Dabrowski Marek , Myachenkova Yana 
Published: December 2018

In the early and mid-2000s, the prospect of EU accession and the global boom facilitated rapid economic recovery and boosted economic and institutional reforms in the Western Balkan region. The global financial crisis of 2007–2009 and the European crisis of 2010–2013 slowed the pace of economic growth and amplified high unemployment in the region. In addition, various unresolved legacies from past conflicts slowed the pace of reform and progress towards EU accession.
The European Commission’s February 2018 communication sets an indicative deadline (2025) for the two most advanced candidates – Serbia’s and Montenegro’s admission to the EU. This could incentivise all Western Balkan countries, including those candidates that have not yet started membership negotiations (Macedonia and Albania) and those waiting for candidate status (Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo), to remove domestic political obstacles to EU accession, solve conflicts with neighbours, speed up reforms and accelerate economic growth.
Ten years after the crisis in Hungary
Authors: Surányi György 
Published: December 2018

Looking back to the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, Hungary was among the first countries to be forced to make use of financial assistance from the EU and the IMF. The government, the MNB (the central bank of Hungary) as well as the domestic and foreign analysts cited the high public debt and the volume of unsecured foreign-currency loans as the main reasons for the crises. Though these were real weaknesses, this diagnosis was false as much as the following treatment. First and foremost, it was the inadequate level of foreign exchange reserves that made Hungary to request outside financial assistance.
The excessive fiscal tightening urged by the MNB only led to deepening of the crises. In general, the macropolicy – both fiscal and monetary policy – before, during and after the crises turned out to be painfully pro-cyclical. Due to the lack of sufficient reserves, the MNB became virtually powerless to intervene and could only watch from the side-lines as events unfolded. The orthodox mind-set after replenishing the forex reserves prevented it from implementing a broad scale of unconventional measures to ease the crises. The fiscal authority lost its capacity long before to reduce the severity of the crises. Thus, the excessive and incorrect structure of fiscal correction coupled with an unjustified orthodox monetary policy, the contraction of the Hungarian economy went much beyond the inevitable amount.
İbn Cüzey’in Bazı Tefsir Eserlerindeki Üslup ve Usûl Sorunlarına Yaklaşımına İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: BAYSAL Sıddık 
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada, İbn Cüzey’in et-Teshil li ‘ulumi’t-tenziladlı eserinin önsöz ve mukaddimeleri, tefsirde üslup ve usûl sorunlarına yaklaşımı açısından incelenmiştir. İbn Cüzey, eserine ilki faydalı konular ve küllȋ kaidelerden; ikincisi Kur’an’da sık geçen lafızların anlamlarının işlendiği bir lügatçeden oluşan iki mukaddime yazmış; böylece takip ettiği usûlü ve üslubu hakkında bilgiler vermiş; girizgâhta ise et-Teshȋl’i, hangi saiklerle yazdığını ve amacını genel ifadelerle açıklamıştır. Bu bağlamda klasik tefsir küllîyatındaki bazı eserleri, bazen isim vererek ama daha çok meçhul kipte eleştirmiş ve bu sorunların nasıl aşılabileceğine dair önerilerde bulunmuştur. Onun bunu yapmaktan kastı, öncelikle tefsirde usûl ve üslubun önemini ortaya koymak; böylelikle akademik anlamda tefsirle ilgilenenlere ve sade okurlara sağlıklı bir perspektif kazandırmak, ardından da okura bu muhtasar eserin nasıl okunacağına ilişkin rehberlik etmektir. Makalenin önemi de buradan kaynaklanmaktadır. Makalede, ilmi şahsiyetinden tefsir mukaddimelerine kıvrılan bir üslupla betimleyici bir dil kullanılmış, sonra da tahlil-tenkit eksenli bir yaklaşımla genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
Initiation Ceremony in Primitive Tribes and Some Religions
Authors: SÜMER Necati 
Published: December 2018

Initiation ceromony is a ritual that signifies when someone reach to a certain age then, an attempt to be a member of an assembly or a group. This initiation ceromony can be occured in any society either in a primitive or in a civilized society. Although, the implementations process of initiation ceromony may sometimes vary however the purpose of it remains same. This is the purpose make individuals to accustom to the collective educational, religious or mithic sense. In preliterate society these rituals are loaded with religious content. In primitive societies the initiation ceremony were also held when the young girls and boys reach their puberty age and also when they are seen as an adult of the society. The ceremony contains some difficult ordeals for the youngs and in order to become successful participant to gain admittance to the society these young people need to prove themselves through these difficult ordeals. In some primitive societies gaining admittance and becoming a member require that getting intercourse with his protective spirit. At the end of all these process, the candidate gains a name and full membership when if succesfully complete the tasks and they become adults who now have social affiliation. These rituals can also be observed in civilized society’s culture. The initiation ceremony in advanced societies’ religious traditions is however different and the rituals are contain more symbolic meanings. The principal of physical suffering during initiation ceremonies in primitive society is the form of spiritual readiness in civilized societies. Hindu Upanayana, Jewish Bar/Bat Mitzvah and baptism rituals of Christians are typical ceremonies initiation. This study examines how the initiation ceremony that an important social ritual, takes place in the religious tradition of primitive and some civilized societies.
Effect of Soil Saturation On Seismic Performance of A Structure: A Numerical Approach
Authors: GÖKTEPE Fatih , ÇELEBİ Erkan , KARAHAN Nadir 
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate
the impact of soil saturation on the seismic performance of a structure when
subjected to earthquake-induced vibration. More specifically, this paper examines
the effect of the soil saturation level taking into account of soil-structure
interaction (SSI) on the structural response. For this purpose, a two
dimensional (2D) finite element model was developed with Mohr-Coulomb failure
criterion under plane-strain conditions using geotechnical ﬁnite element code
PLAXIS. To emphasize SSI problems in civil engineering applications, mechanical
behavior and various saturation levels of the local soil condition is examined
using a numerical model. As can seen from the analysis results, the
saturation level of soils causes an increase on the lateral roof displacement of
the saturated elasto-plastic soil. This situation was interpreted as the
increase in the saturation levels of the soils caused a decrease in the
rigidity. Furthermore, neglecting the effect of SSI leads to underestimated
results of the structural behavior.
Comparative randomized controlled clinical trial of diathermy versus scalpel incision in midline laparotomy
Authors: Vadodariya Bhavin P. , Shah Nimish J. , Patel Mrudul 
Published: December 2018

Background: Laparotomy incisions have traditionally been made using a scalpel. Diathermy, a latest technique, is thought to increase the risk of infection, impair healing and decrease cosmesis. Recent studies suggest that diathermy may offer likely advantages with respect to blood loss, incision time and postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of surgical diathermy incisions versus conventional scalpel incisions for midline laparotomy in our hospital with an aim to evaluate diathermy as an operational alternative to scalpel incision.Methods: This was a prospective randomized clinical study which was conducted in the surgical wards of Medical College & SSG hospital, Vadodara, between December 2013 and December 2014. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups i.e. Group A (scalpel group) and Group B (diathermy group).Results: A total of 148 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 74 patients were randomized to Group A (scalpel group) and 74 patients to Group B (diathermy group). The two groups did not vary significantly in relation to age and sex (p>0.001). Laparotomy skin incisions using diathermy were significantly quicker than scalpel incisions (p=0.624). There was significantly less blood loss in the diathermy group compared with the scalpel group (P=0.15). The mean visual analogue scale was significantly reduced more in the diathermy group than in scalpel group patients on postoperative day 1 (p=0.81), day 3 (p=0.71) and day 5 (p=0.79) respectively. Postoperative complication rates did not differ significantly between the scalpel and diathermy groups (p=0.624).Conclusions: We concluded that diathermy incision in midline laparotomy has significant advantages compared with the scalpel because of reduced incision time, less blood loss, reduced early postoperative pain and postoperative wound infection.
VOCAÇÃO, RESSONÂNCIA DO SER-AÍ
Authors: De Castro João Cardoso , De Castro Murilo Cardoso 
Published: December 2018

Como entender a vocação? Faz ainda algum sentido pensar em talento, vocação, dom? A partir do pensamento de Heidegger, investiga-se a vocação como possibilidade existencial, como ressonância do ser-aí. Retomamos também o pensamento grego antigo no que tange a virtude, relacionando-a com a vocação. Consideramos o entendimento da vocação como fundamental no atual sistema de trabalho que tanto valoriza qualificações e aptidões. Todavia, a questão da vocação parece não ter mais sentido na sociedade moderna, especialmente nos países desenvolvidos, onde se conjuga uma diversidade de atividades humanas como nunca vista na história da humanidade, uma ampla gama de possibilidades de formação educacional e um prestígio salarial muito insidioso para algumas profissões. Talvez esse seja mais um sintoma do “esquecimento do ser” e até de seu abandono a partir da Modernidade. Não havendo reconhecimento e valorização do “aí-ser”, em que somos, em que se é, não há a escuta necessária ao chamado, à vocação por ser o que se é, não só como si-mesmo, mas também, em decorrência, como mim-mesmo.
Palavras-chave: Vocação. Ser-aí. Heidegger. Virtude. Dom.
ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA E TEORIA HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A ORGANIZAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Alves Clarice Gonçalves Rodrigues 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo busca refletir sobre as possibilidades didáticas de relacionar o ensino de História à luz da Teoria Histórico-cultural. Valendo-se de revisão bibliográfica de autores como Vigotsky, Leontiev e Galperin, buscou-se evidenciar a necessidade de pensar em metodologias que promovam a aprendizagem e a assimilação de conceitos objetivando o desenvolvimento cognitivo dos estudantes. O estudo salienta a importância do planejamento das atividades de estudo e o uso de teorias psicológicas e pedagógicas que incitem a criatividade e a criticidade, elementos indispensáveis para o aprendizado de História.
Palavras-chave: Ensino de História. Teoria Histórico-cultural. Aprendizagem.
Epidural analgesia for living donor nephrectomy is associated with better early graft function in recipients after transplantation
Authors: Baar Wolfgang , Goebel Ulrich , Buerkle Hartmut , Jaenigen Bernd , Kaufmann Kai , Heinrich Sebastian 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: The beneficial effects of epidural analgesia (EDA) in terms of pain control and postoperative convalescence are widely known and led to a frequent use for patients who underwent living donor kidney nephrectomy. The objective of this study was to determine whether general anesthesia (GA) plus EDA compared to GA only, administered for living donor nephrectomy has effects on postoperative graft function in recipients.
Methods: In this monocentric, retrospective cohort analysis we analyzed the closed files of all consecutive donor- recipient pairs who underwent living donor kidney transplantations from 2008 to 2017. The outcome variable was delayed graft function (DGF), defined as at least one hemodialysis within seven days postoperatively, once hyperacute rejection, vascular or urinary tract complications were ruled out. Statistical analyses of continuous variables were calculated using the two-tail Student’s t test and Fisher exact test for categorical variables with a significance level of p<0.05, respectively.
Results: The study enclosed 291 consecutive living donor kidney transplantations. 99 kidney donors received epidural analgesia whereas 192 denied epidural analgesia. The groups showed balanced pretransplantational characteristics and comparable donors´ and recipients’ risk factors. 9 out of all 291 recipients needed renal replacement therapy (RRT) during the first 7 days due to delayed graft function; all of these donors received no EDA. The observed rate of DGF in recipients whose kidney donors received epidural analgesia was significantly lower (0% vs. 4.6%; p<0.031).
Conclusions: In our cohort we observed a significantly lower rate of DGF when epidural analgesia for donor nephrectomy was administered. Du to restrictions of the study design this observation needs further confirmation by prospective studies.
Key words: Kidney transplantation, delayed graft function, epidural analgesia, donor nephrectomy
Awareness of Glaucoma and Associated Factors among Adults in Sekela District, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Bizuneh Zewdu Yenegeta , Tsega Ayanaw , Addis Yezinash , Admassu Fisseha 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background

Awareness of glaucoma is directly affected by good eye screening practice which in turn helps for reduction of the blindness burden of glaucoma. However, it is unknown in the study area, making provision of interventions difficult. This study was intended to assess awareness of glaucoma and associated factors among adults in Sekela district, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A population based cross - sectional survey was conducted on 602 adults who were selected by using systematic random sampling from April to May, 2018. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and was analyzed by statistical package for social sciences version 23. The adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated to find out the strength of association. P–value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 594 adults were participated with a response rate of 98.7%. Nearly 52% of adults were females with median age of 28 years. The proportion of awareness of glaucoma was 24.4% [95% CI; 21.0, 28.1]. It was positively associated with educational status: primary education [AOR: 3.15; 1.72, 5.77], secondary education [AOR; 3.11: 1.66, 5.84], college and above [AOR; 6.10; 2.80, 13.27], history of eye examination [AOR: 6.52; 3.46, 12.25], income level: > 2000 Ethiopian birr [ 4.65; 2.59, 8.37] and history of chronic diseases [AOR; 2.93: 1.25, 6.85].

Conclusion

About one fourth of adults were aware of glaucoma and it was low. Higher educational status, eye examination, history of chronic diseases and better income level were significantly associated with awareness of glaucoma.
Modeling Genotype × Environment Interaction Using a Factor Analytic Model of On‐Farm Wheat Trials in the Yaqui Valley of Mexico
Authors: Hernández Mateo Vargas , Ortiz‐Monasterio Iván , Pérez‐Rodríguez Paulino , Montesinos‐López Osval A. , Montesinos‐López Abelardo , Burgueño Juan , Crossa José 
Published: December 2018

On‐farm trials of bread and durum wheat in the Yaqui Valley region of southern Sonora, Mexico, were established for three cropping seasons (2012, 2013, and 2015) using the management practices implemented by farmers. The trials comprised bread and durum wheats that were sown together under two regimes: full irrigation and reduced irrigation. The experiments were replicated and unbalanced, as several bread wheat and durum wheat lines were not repeated during the 3 yr. We studied the interaction between bread and durum wheats and environments (farmer‐irrigation‐year combinations). To model the crossover interaction (COI) and the non‐COI components of the genotype × environment interaction (G×E) between the wheat lines and the environments, we used a linear mixed model with the Factor Analytic (FA) model, a parsimonious model that is similar to the multiple regression of lines on environments based on latent variables. In this case, we modeled the combined effects of the wheat lines and their interactions with the farmer‐irrigation‐year combinations. Results show the separation of the dynamic (unpredictable) component of the interaction (year) from the more static component of the interaction due to farmer and irrigation level. The FA model offers a useful alternative for modeling interactions in agronomy‐breeding experiments to dissect and account for complex interactions that are common in agriculture experiments. Furthermore, stable wheat lines across all environments were also detected, as well the environments that caused most of the interaction.Core IdeasIn agriculture is important to study genotype × environment interaction (G×E) interaction and especially the interaction between bread and durum wheats and farmer–irrigation–year environmental combinations.The linear mixed model with the Factor Analytic (FA) is efficient for dissenting the main factors affecting G×E.