bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyslexia associated functional variants in Europeans are not associated with dyslexia in Chinese
Authors: Liu Lingfei , Gu Huaiting , Hou Fang , Xie Xinyan , Li Xin , Zhu Bing , Zhang Jiajia , Wei Wen‐Hua , Song Ranran 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of developmental dyslexia (DD) often used European samples and identified only a handful associations with moderate or weak effects. This study aims to identify DD functional variants by integrating the GWAS associations with tissue‐specific functional data and test the variants in a Chinese DD study cohort named READ. We colocalized associations from nine DD related GWAS with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) derived from brain tissues and identified two eSNPs rs349045 and rs201605. Both eSNPs had supportive evidence of chromatin interactions observed in human hippocampus tissues and their respective target genes ZNF45 and DNAH9 both had lower expression in brain tissues in schizophrenia patients than controls. In contrast, an eSNP rs4234898 previously identified based on eQTL from the lymphoblastic cell lines of dyslexic children had no chromatin interaction with its target gene SLC2A3 in hippocampus tissues and SLC2A3 expressed higher in the schizophrenia patients than controls. We genotyped the three eSNPs in the READ cohort of 372 cases and 354 controls and discovered only weak associations in rs201605 and rs4234898 with three DD symptoms (p < .05). The lack of associations could be due to low power in READ but could also implicate different etiology of DD in Chinese.
Mechanosynthesis of Odd‐Numbered Tetraaryl[n]cumulenes
Authors: Ardila‐Fierro Karen J. , Bolm Carsten , Hernández José G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA mechanochemical synthesis of one‐dimensional carbon allotrope carbyne model compounds, namely tetraaryl[n]cumulenes (n=3, 5) was realized. Central for the mechanosynthesis of the cumulenic carbon nanostructures were the development of a mechanochemical Favorskii alkynylation‐type reaction and the implementation of a solvent‐free, acid‐free reductive elimination with tin(II) chloride by ball milling.
Effect of gas extraction on the hydrodynamics in a fluidized bed membrane reactor at elevated temperatures
Authors: Xiao Yao , Bai Chenxi , Chen Yumin , Yan Weijie , Du Jizhi , Yu Tianze , Zhang Junying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study describes experimental explorations on the effects of gas extraction on hydrodynamics in a pilot‐scalegas fluidized bed membrane reactor (FBMR) at high temperatures. Differential pressure signals were measured at different vertical intervals in bed and were then characterized by multiscale resolution and power spectra analysis. The experimental results showed that the relative amplitude of σr (σ/xav) of pressure signal tended todecrease with the increase of gas extraction fraction.At room temperature, 20% gas extraction caused defluidization at an inlet velocity of 2Umf. However, athigh temperatures the gas extraction simultaneously decreased the magnitude of the low‐frequency components and the numbers of the medium‐ to small‐sized structures, mainly due to the decreased number of small‐sized structures and the integration of bubbles. This effect of gas extraction increased with increase of gas extraction fraction and slightly decreased at higher inlet gas velocities. At elevated temperatures, the D6 sub‐signals (0.781~1.562Hz) possessed the highest wavelet energy distribution percentage of the pressure signals, which meant that the medium‐ to small‐sized bubbles dominated the gas‐solid flow dynamics. Gas extraction was observed to enhance the dominance of the D6 scale components..
Myricetin Inhibits Breast Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis by Regulating VEGF/VEGFR2 and p38MAPK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhou Zhiqing , Mao Wenli , Li Yuanyuan , Qi Cuiling , He Yanli 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTTumor angiogenesis is an important cause of tumor growth and metastasis. Myricetin is a flavonoid component used in traditional Chinese medicine that has been demonstrated to have anticancer activity. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of myricetin on tumor angiogenesis remains unknown. The present study reports the identification of myricetin as a potential chemopreventive agent by reason of its inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and demonstrates the anticancer effects of myricetin in vivo. Cell Counting Kit‐8 assays revealed that myricetin inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells but not that of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and a transwell assay demonstrated that myricetin could inhibit the migration of HUVECs. A rat aortic ring assay revealed that myricetin could also affect the development of microvessels and the formation of vascular networks. Further, an ELISA showed that myricetin reduced the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vivo and in vitro. Western blot analysis indicated that myricetin could downregulate VEGFR2 and p38MAPK. Therefore, myricetin could significantly inhibit tumor angiogenesis and has potential as a chemopreventive agent because of its inhibition to angiogenesis. Anat Rec, 302:2186–2192, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Microanatomical Record of Cortical Bone Remodeling and High Vascularity in a Fossil Giant Rat Midshaft Femur
Authors: Miszkiewicz Justyna J. , Louys Julien , O'Connor Sue 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTRat cortical bone does not typically undergo secondary (Haversian) remodeling. Haversian organization of rat bone has been mainly observed in experimental settings following biomechanical or dietary manipulation. Here, we report an observation of cortical secondary osteons within a histological femur cross‐section from an extinct (late Quaternary) form of Timorese giant rat (Murinae gen. et sp. indet). The medio‐lateral midshaft diameter of its femur, used as a measure of bone size, is 6.15 mm and indicates a heavier than normal skeletal frame. We compare this sample to bone histology in a small rat's midshaft femur of 2.33 mm diameter. A complete lack of Haversian bone remodeling characteristics is noted for the smaller sample, which is dominated by radial vascular canals. The giant rat shows clear secondary osteons and diffuse vascularity mainly composed of tightly packed longitudinal canals across its cortex. It appears that rat cortical bone can undergo bone remodeling, and is organized in a highly vascularized manner, in insular giant cases. Our findings from Timor align with results reported in experimental rat model skeletal biology literature and other insular fossil rat material. Where macroanatomical examination is limited, histological observations on fossil rat limb bones have the potential to aid reconstructions of life history and skeletal growth aspects in these rodents. Anat Rec, 302:1934–1940, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
The prevalence of birth defects among non‐Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders and American Indians/Alaska Natives in Texas, 1999–2015
Authors: Le Mimi T. , Shumate Charlie J. , Hoyt Adrienne T. , Wilkinson Anna V. , Canfield Mark A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is considerable variability in the prevalence of birth defects among racial/ethnic groups. This study estimated birth defect prevalence among the less studied non‐Hispanic (NH) Asian/Pacific Islander (PI) and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations in Texas relative to NH Whites.MethodsData were obtained from the Texas Birth Defect Registry from 1999 to 2015 for deliveries to Texas‐resident women who were NH White, NH Asian/PI, or AI/AN. This covers a live birth population of 2.6 million. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for NH Asian/PIs and AI/ANs (relative to NH Whites) for 44 birth defects using Poisson regression adjusting for maternal age.ResultsAfter adjustment there were 33 statistically significant prevalence ratios (aPRs). Among NH Asian/PIs, 23 defects had a lower aPR (0.38–0.86) and three defects had a higher aPR (1.19–2.50). AI/ANs had one defect with a significantly lower aPR (0.64) and six with a higher aPR (1.36–4.63).ConclusionsNon‐Hispanic Asian/PIs generally have a lower prevalence ratio for many birth defects while AI/ANs have a higher prevalence ratio compared to NH Whites. These findings update the limited literature on this topic and warrant additional research to identify the true associations across a range of birth defects among these understudied racial/ethnic groups.
Real world experience of R‐CHOP with or without consolidative radiotherapy vs DA‐EPOCH‐R in the first‐line treatment of primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Chan Esther Hian Li , Koh Liang Piu , Lee Joanne , De Mel Sanjay , Jeyasekharan Anand , Liu Xin , Tang Tiffany , Lim Soon Thye , Tao Miriam , Quek Richard , Farid Bin Harunal Ras Mohamad , Lee Yuh Shan , Diong Colin , Tan Daryl , Kim Seok Jin , Chee Yen Lin , Poon Li Mei Michelle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrimary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a distinct clinico‐pathological subtype of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with unclear prognostic factors and limited clinical data. Optimal treatment and role for radiotherapy is not fully defined. We performed a multicenter retrospective review of 124 patients with newly diagnosed PMBCL between 2001 and 2016. Treatment regimens were R‐CHOP (n = 41), R‐CHOP + RT (n = 37), and DA‐EPOCH‐R (n = 46). 6% (n = 3) in the DA‐EPOCH‐R group received RT. With a median follow up of 45 months, the overall 5‐year OS and PFS was 89.4% and 82.4%, respectively. The type of chemo‐radiotherapy regimen, B symptoms and Ann‐Arbor staging showed a significant association with OS on univariate analysis but only B symptoms remained prognostic (P = 0.012) after multivariate analysis. The chemo‐radiotherapy regimen, Japanese IPI and Ann‐Arbor stage was significantly associated with PFS in univariate analysis, but only chemo‐radiotherapy regimen remained significant (P = 0.02) after multivariate analysis. Patients who received R‐CHOP + RT or DA‐EPOCH‐R had better PFS than those receiving R‐CHOP alone, with 5‐year PFS of 90% vs 88.5% vs 56%, respectively (P = 0.02). In the subgroup analysis of patients with bulk (n = 71), R‐CHOP alone (n = 21) had inferior 5‐year PFS 56.6% compared to those who received R‐CHOP + RT (n = 23) 91.3% or DA‐EPOCH‐R (n = 27) 92.6% (P = 0.007). In contrast, in patients without bulk (n = 42), there was no impact of treatment regimen on PFS (P = 0.25). In conclusion, R‐CHOP + RT and DA‐EPOCH‐R provide excellent outcomes in patients with PMBCL. In patients with bulky disease, the use of DA‐EPOCH‐R may be preferable as it allows omission of RT without reduction in efficacy.
2D Metal–Organic Framework Derived CuCo Alloy Nanoparticles Encapsulated by Nitrogen‐Doped Carbonaceous Nanoleaves for Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst and Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Huo Meiling , Wang Bin , Zhang Chaochao , Ding Shuping , Yuan Haitao , Liang Zuozhong , Qi Jing , Chen Mingxing , Xu Yang , Zhang Wei , Zheng Haoquan , Cao Rui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe development of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) still remains a challenge in a wide range of renewable energy technologies. Herein, CuCo alloy nanoparticles encapsulated by nitrogen‐doped carbonaceous nanoleaves (CuCo‐NC) have been synthesized from a Cu(OH)2/2D leaf‐like zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐L)‐pyrolysis approach. Leaf‐like Cu(OH)2 is first prepared by the ultrasound‐induced self‐assembly of Cu(OH)2 nanowires. The efficient encapsulation of Cu(OH)2 in ZIF‐L is obtained owing to the morphology fitting between the leaf‐like Cu(OH)2 and ZIF‐L. CuCo‐NC catalysts present superior electrocatalytic activity and stability toward ORR and OER over the commercial Pt/C and IrO2, respectively, which are further used as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts in Zn–air batteries and exhibit impressive performance, with a high peak power density of 303.7 mW cm−2, large specific capacity of up to 751.4 mAh g−1 at 20 mA cm−2, and a superior recharge stability.
Sicheres Experimentieren – Das Ausgasen von Gefahrstoffen aus ihren wässrigen Lösungen
Authors: Klemeyer Horst 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWässrige Lösungen gelten in der Regel als kostengünstiger, umweltverträglicher, weniger gefährlich und einfacher zu handhaben als Reinstoffe oder Lösungen in anderen Solventien. Reaktionen in wässrigen Lösungen haben demzufolge bei Labor‐ und Schulexperimenten eine besondere Bedeutung. Anhand des Gesetzes von Henry wurde bei diversen schulüblichen wässrigen Lösungen von Gefahrstoffe untersucht in welchem Umfang die gelösten Stoff durch Ausgasen freigesetzt werden können. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass die wässrigen Lösungen unpolarer Stoffe wie Schwefelwasserstoff, Brom, Chlor, Chlordioxid, Blausäure, Schwefeldioxid, Propanal, t‐Butanol und Butanon in viel stärkerem Umfang aus dem Wasser ausgasen können, als dies nach der GHS‐Einstufung der Lösung suggeriert wird. Auch bei konzentrierten wässrigen Lösungen mäßig polarer Gase wie Ammoniak und Salzsäure können relevante Mengen der beim Einatmen giftigen Stoffe freigesetzt werden. Bei wässrigen Lösungen polarer Stoffe wie Methanol, Methanal und Methansäure ist das Freisetzungsverhalten viel geringer als dies durch die Kennzeichnung suggeriert wird. Da die GHS‐Kennzeichnung bei wässrigen Lösungen in Bezug auf die besonders schulrelevanten inhalativen Gefahren keine belastbaren Grundlagen für die Ersatzstoffprüfung und die Auswahl des verwendeten Verfahrens bietet, wurden für diese Arbeit von 37 Stoffe die hierfür notwendigen Informationen ermittelt.
A systematic topographical relationship between mouse lateral posterior thalamic neurons and their visual cortical projection targets
Authors: Juavinett Ashley L. , Kim Euiseok J. , Collins Hannah C. , Callaway Edward M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHigher‐order visual thalamus communicates broadly and bi‐directionally with primary and extrastriate cortical areas in various mammals. In primates, the pulvinar is a topographically and functionally organized thalamic nucleus that is largely dedicated to visual processing. Still, a more granular connectivity map is needed to understand the role of thalamocortical loops in visually guided behavior. Similarly, the secondary visual thalamic nucleus in mice (the lateral posterior nucleus, LP) has extensive connections with cortex. To resolve the precise connectivity of these circuits, we first mapped mouse visual cortical areas using intrinsic signal optical imaging and then injected fluorescently tagged retrograde tracers (cholera toxin subunit B) into retinotopically‐matched locations in various combinations of seven different visual areas. We find that LP neurons representing matched regions in visual space but projecting to different extrastriate areas are found in different topographically organized zones, with few double‐labeled cells (~4–6%). In addition, V1 and extrastriate visual areas received input from the ventrolateral part of the laterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (LDVL). These observations indicate that the thalamus provides topographically organized circuits to each mouse visual area and raise new questions about the contributions from LP and LDVL to cortical activity.
A customized precision format based on mantissa segmentation for accelerating sparse linear algebra
Authors: Grützmacher Thomas , Cojean Terry , Flegar Goran , Göbel Fritz , Anzt Hartwig 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this work, we pursue the idea of radically decoupling the floating point format used for arithmetic operations from the format used to store the data in memory. We complement this idea with a customized precision memory format derived by splitting the mantissa (significand) of standard IEEE formats into segments, such that values can be accessed faster if lower accuracy is acceptable. Combined with precision‐aware algorithms that dynamically adapt the data access accuracy to the numerical requirements, the customized precision memory format can render attractive runtime savings without impacting the memory footprint of the data or the accuracy of the final result. In an experimental analysis using the adaptive precision Jacobi method on diagonalizable test problems, we assess the benefits of the mantissa‐segmenting customized precision format on recent multi‐ and manycore architectures.
Improving physical layer security via cooperative diversity in energy‐constrained cognitive radio networks with multiple eavesdroppers
Authors: Shah Hurmat Ali , Koo Insoo 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a scheme that exploits cooperative diversity of multiple relays to provide physical layer security against an eavesdropping attack is concerned. Relay‐based cognitive radio network (CRN) faces issues multiple issues other than the same as faced by conventional wireless communications. If the nodes in a CRN are able to harvest energy and then spend less energy than the total energy available, we can ensure a perpetual lifetime for the network. In this paper, an energy‐constrained CRN is considered where relay nodes are able to harvest energy. A cooperative diversity‐based relay and subchannel‐selection algorithm is proposed, which selects a relay and a subchannel to achieve the maximum secrecy rate while keeping the energy consumed under a certain limit. A transmission power factor is also selected by the algorithm, which ensures long‐term operation of the network. The power allocation problem at the selected relay and at the source also satisfies the maximum‐interference constraint with the primary user (PU). The proposed scheme is compared with a variant of the proposed scheme where the relays are assumed to have an infinite battery capacity (so maximum transmission power is available in every time slot) and is compared with a scheme that uses jamming for physical layer security. The simulation results show that the infinite battery‐capacity scheme outperforms the jamming‐based physical layer security scheme, thus validating that cooperative diversity‐based schemes are suitable to use when channel conditions are better employed, instead of jamming for physical layer security.
Postnatal development of the largest subterranean mammal (Bathyergus suillus): Morphology, osteogenesis, and modularity of the appendicular skeleton
Authors: Montoya‐Sanhueza Germán , Wilson Laura A. B. , Chinsamy Anusuya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSubterranean mammals show a suite of musculoskeletal adaptations that enables efficient digging. However, little is known about their development. We assessed ontogenetic changes in functionally relevant skeletal traits, and ossification patterns (periosteal and endochondral bone modules) in a truly subterranean scratch‐digging rodent,Bathyergus. We studied 52 individuals (202 long bones) from a wild population by using a multiscale approach involving internal and external morphology.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed significant morphological changes during ontogeny. A specialized phenotype is expressed perinatally (eg, greater external robustness and developed olecranon, teres major, and deltoid processes), whereas adults presented slender bones with significantly thicker cross‐sections. Ossification modules scaled mostly isometrically with body size parameters. Periosteal modules showed high variability and tended to grow faster than endochondral modules.ConclusionsScratch‐digging adaptations appear at perinatal age and then specialize in subadults. Early development of agonistic and digging behaviors and onset of sexual maturation seems to contribute to its development, although genetic factors also seem to play an important role. Ontogenetic differences are probably a trade‐off to counteract weaker cortical bone properties and poor muscle development in juveniles, whereas slender but thicker cortical bones maximize bone resistance during burrow construction without compromising locomotor performance in adults.
Differences in seasonal survival suggest species‐specific reactions to climate change in two sympatric bat species
Authors: Reusch Christine , Gampe Jutta , Scheuerlein Alexander , Meier Frauke , Grosche Lena , Kerth Gerald 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLong‐lived animals with a low annual reproductive output need a long time to recover from population crashes and are, thus, likely to face high extinction risk, if the current global environmental change will increase mortality rates. To aid conservation of those species, knowledge on the variability of mortality rates is essential. Unfortunately, however, individual‐based multiyear data sets that are required for that have only rarely been collected for free‐ranging long‐lived mammals. Here, we used a five‐year data set comprising activity data of 1,445 RFID‐tagged individuals of two long‐lived temperate zone bat species, Natterer's bats (Myotis nattereri) and Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii), at their joint hibernaculum. Both species are listed as being of high conservation interest by the European Habitats Directive. Applying mixed‐effects logistic regression, we explored seasonal survival differences in these two species which differ in foraging strategy and phenology. In both species, survival over the first winter of an individual's life was much lower than survival over subsequent winters. Focussing on adults only, seasonal survival patterns were largely consistent with higher winter and lower summer survival but varied in its level across years in both species. Our analyses, furthermore, highlight the importance of species‐specific time periods for survival. Daubenton's bats showed a much stronger difference in survival between the two seasons than Natterer's bats. In one exceptional winter, the population of Natterer's bats crashed, while the survival of Daubenton's bats declined only moderately. While our results confirm the general seasonal survival pattern typical for hibernating mammals with higher winter than summer survival, they also show that this pattern can be reversed under particular conditions. Overall, our study points toward a high importance of specific time periods for population dynamics and suggests species‐, population‐, and age class‐specific responses to global climate change.