bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Evidence-Based Health and Safety Policies on Sudden Death and Concussion Management in Secondary School Athletics: A Benchmark Study
Authors: Adams William M. , Scarneo Samantha E. , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: September 2018

Context: Implementation of best-practice health and safety policies has been shown to be effective at reducing the risk of sudden death in sport; however, little is known about the extent to which these policies are required within secondary school athletics.Objective: To examine best-practice health and safety policies pertaining to the leading causes of sudden death and to concussion management in sport mandated at the state level for secondary school athletics.Design: Descriptive observational study.Setting: State high school athletic associations (SHSAAs), state departments of education, and enacted legislation.Patients or Other Participants: United States (including the District of Columbia) SHSAAs.Main Outcome Measure(s): A review of SHSAA health and safety policies for the 2016–2017 academic year, state department of education policies, and enacted legislation was undertaken to assess the polices related to the leading causes of sudden death and concussion management in sport. Current best-practice recommendations used to assess health and safety policies were specific to emergency action plans, automated external defibrillators, heat acclimatization, environmental monitoring and modification, and concussion management. The total number of best-practice recommendations required for each SHSAA's member schools for the aforementioned areas was quantified and presented as total number and percentage of recommendations required.Results: Four of 51 SHSAA member schools were required to follow best practices for emergency action plans, 7 of 51 for access to automated external defibrillators, 8 of 51 for heat acclimatization, and 3 of 51 for management of concussion.Conclusions: At the time of this study, SHSAA member schools were not required to follow all best-practice recommendations for preventing the leading causes of sudden death and for concussion management in sport. Continued advocacy for the development and implementation of best practices at the state level to be required of all secondary schools is needed to appropriately serve the health and well-being of our young student-athletes.
Formal Versus Informal Judgments: Faculty Experiences With Entrustment in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: van Loon Karsten A. , Teunissen Pim W. , Driessen Erik W. , Scheele Fedde 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Entrustment of residents has been formalized in many competency-based graduate medical education programs, but its relationship with informal decisions to entrust residents with clinical tasks is unclear. In addition, the effects of formal entrustment on training practice are still unknown.

Objective
Our objective was to learn from faculty members in training programs with extensive experience in formal entrustment how formal entrustment relates to informal entrustment decisions.

Methods
A questionnaire was e-mailed to all Dutch obstetrics and gynecology program directors to gather information on how faculty entrusts residents with clinical independence. We also interviewed faculty members to explore the relationship between formal entrustment and informal entrustment. Interviews were analyzed with conventional content analysis.

Results
Of 92 programs, 54 program directors completed the questionnaire (59% response rate). Results showed that formal entrustment was seen as valuable for generating formative feedback and giving insight into residents' progress in technical competencies. Interviewed faculty members (n = 12) used both formal and informal entrustment to determine the level of resident independence. Faculty reported they tended to favor informal entrustment because it can be reconsidered. In contrast, formal entrustment was reported to feel like a fixed state.

Conclusions
In a graduate medical education program where formal entrustment has been used for more than a decade, faculty used a combination of formal and informal entrustment. Informal entrustment is key in deciding if a resident can work independently. Faculty members reported being unsure how to optimally use formal entrustment in practice next to their informal decisions.
Source apportionment of atmospheric aerosol in a marine dusty environment by ionic/composition mass balance (IMB)
Authors: Cardoso João , Almeida Susana M. , Nunes Teresa , Almeida-Silva Marina , Cerqueira Mário , Alves Célia , Rocha Fernando , Chaves Paula , Reis Miguel , Salvador Pedro , Artiñano Begoña , Pio Casimiro 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. PM10 aerosol was sampled in Santiago, the largest island of Cabo
Verde, for 1 year, and analysed for elements, ions and carbonaceous material.
Very high levels of dust were measured during the winter months, as a result
of the direct transport of dust plumes from the African continent. Ionic and
mass balances (IMBs) were applied to the analysed compounds, permitting the
determination of six to seven different processes and source contributions to
the aerosol loading: insoluble and soluble dust, sea salt, carbonaceous
material and secondary inorganic compounds resulting from the reaction of
acidic precursors with ammonia, sea salt and dust. The mass balance could be closed by
the consideration and estimation of sorbed water that constituted
20 %–30 % of the aerosol mass. The balance methodology was compared
with positive matrix factorisation (PMF), showing similar qualitative source
composition. In quantitative terms, while for soil dust and secondary
inorganic compound source classes, the results are similar, for other sources
such as sea-salt spray there are significant differences in periods of dust
episodes. The discrepancies between both approaches are interpreted based on
calculated source profiles. The joint utilisation of the two methodologies,
which are complementary, gives confidence in our capability for the correct
source apportionment of aerosol particles.
Autonomic dysfunction and white matter microstructural changes in drug-naïve patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ashraf-Ganjouei Amir , Majd Alireza , Javinani Ali , Aarabi Mohammad Hadi 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundAutonomic dysfunction (AD) is one of the non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Some symptoms tend to occur in the early stages of PD. AD also has a great impact on patient’s quality of life. In this study, we aimed to discover the association between AD (Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease-Autonomic, SCOPA-AUT) and microstructural changes in white matter tracts in drug-naïve early PD patients to elucidate the central effects of autonomic nervous system impairments.MethodIn total, this study included 85 subjects with PD recruited from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. Among the 85 PD patients, 38 were in Hoehn & Yahr stage 1 (HY1PD) and 47 were in stage 2 (HY2PD). Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (DMRI) data were reconstructed in the MNI space using q-space diffeomorphic reconstruction to obtain the spin distribution function. The spin distribution function (SDF) values were used in DMRI connectometry analysis. We investigated through diffusion MRI connectometry the structural correlates of white matter tracts with SCOPA-AUT subscores and total score.ResultsConnectometry analysis also revealed positive association with white matter density in bilateral corticospinal tract in HY1PD patients and negative association in genu of corpus callosum (CC) and, bilateral cingulum in both groups. In addition, there were associations between gastrointestinal, sexual, thermoregulatory and urinary items and structural brain connectivity in PD.ConclusionOur study reveals positive correlation, suggesting neural compensations in early PD. Cingulum and CC tracts have well-known roles in PD pathology, compatible with our findings that bring new insights to specific areas of AD and its role in central nervous system (CNS) neurodegeneration, paving the way for using prodromal makers in the diagnosis and treatment of PD.
Balanced and positively worded personality short-forms: Mini-IPIP validity and cross-cultural invariance
Authors: Martínez-Molina Agustín , Arias Víctor B. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe Mini-IPIP scales (Donellan et al., 2006) are possibly one of the most commonly used short inventories for measuring the Big Five Factors of personality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of two Mini-IPIP Spanish short forms, one balanced and one positively wording (PW).MethodTwo samples, one from native Spanish speakers and another from native English speakers, made up a total of 940 participants in this study. The short forms were translated and adapted based on international guidelines. Reliability (internal and composite) and validity analyses (construct ESEM, concurrent, predictive and cross-cultural invariance through multi-group factorial models) were performed.ResultsFor both the balanced scale and the PW one, modeling a method factor was not relevant. The reliability and validity indices of both forms were according to theory and prior studies’ findings: (a) personality factors were medium-high related to affective factors; (b) personality factors were less related to life satisfaction than affective factors; (c) life satisfaction was medium-high related to affective factors; (d) neuroticism appeared mainly related to all criteria variables; and (e) an acceptable level of invariance was achieved with regard to the English version.DiscussionThis study contributes to research on personality assessment by providing the first evidence regarding the psychometric properties of a PW short measure. These results suggest that PW short scales of personality used after data screening techniques may be appropriate for future studies (e.g., cross-cultural, content validity).
Specification parameters for finite word length linear‐phase FIR single‐band PCLS filters
Authors: Li Shuang , Ling Bingo Wing‐Kuen 
Published: September 2018

SummaryFinite word length linear‐phase finite impulse response filters can be implemented using low‐cost devices. Among them, the single‐band peak‐constrained least squares filters are the most common one employed in many engineering applications. To design these filters, it is required to define the specifications on the maximum passband ripple magnitude, the maximum stopband ripple magnitude, and the number of bits for representing the filter coefficients. Most of the existing works on the filter design are on the determination of the filter coefficients based on a given set of these specification parameters. However, very few works are on the determination of these specification parameters. Hence, this paper establishes the analytical relationships among these specification parameters. In particular, the relationship between the total ripple energy and the maximum ripple magnitude of the filter, the relationship between the number of bits for representing the filter coefficients and the total ripple energy of the filter, and the relationship between the number of bits for representing the filter coefficients and the maximum ripple magnitude of the filter are established. Computer numerical simulations are presented for verifying the obtained results.
A new filter‐based stochastic gradient algorithm for dual‐rate ARX models
Authors: Chen Jing , Liu Yanjun , Xu Ling 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis paper proposes a new filter‐based stochastic gradient algorithm for dual‐rate ARX models. Algorithm analysis is based upon the Kalman filter and smoother method. The new filter applies the measurable outputs to adjust the estimated outputs during each interval of the slow sampled rate. A comparative study reveals that the present consideration makes the estimated outputs more accurate than the classical auxiliary model. A stochastic gradient algorithm is developed for the estimation of parameters using all data. The simulation made further guarantees the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.
Small‐Sized Cationic miRi‐PCNPs Selectively Target the Kidneys for High‐Efficiency Antifibrosis Treatment
Authors: Geng Xinran , Zhang Mengbi , Lai Xuandi , Tan Lishan , Liu Jianyu , Yu Meng , Deng Xiulong , Hu Jianqiang , Li Aiqing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSmall‐sized cationic miRi (microRNA‐21 inhibitor)‐PCNPs (low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC)‐modified polylactide‐co‐glycoside (PLGA) nanoparticles (PLNPs)) with special kidney‐targeting and high‐efficiency antifibrosis treatment are fabricated through coupling miRi, PLGA, and LMWC. In the miRi‐PCNPs, easily degraded miRi is encapsulated in PCNPs and thus prevented from degradation by nuclease. Cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and systemic toxicity assays and in vitro and ex vivo fluorescence imaging suggest that PCNPs possess excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular uptake efficiency, and selective kidney‐targeting capacity. Western blotting, pathological staining, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses show that the therapeutic effect of miRi‐PCNPs on kidney fibrosis is much higher than that of miRi, which is mainly through suppressing transforming growth factor beta‐1/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 3 (TGF‐β1/Smad3) and extracellular signal–regulated kinases/mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of microRNA‐21. For example, the tubule damage index and tubulointerstitial fibrosis area in the miRi‐PCNPs group are ≈2.5‐fold lower than those in the saline and bare miRi groups. The miRi‐PCNPs with special kidney‐targeting and high‐efficiency antifibrosis treatment may represent a promising strategy for designing and developing a therapeutic treatment for kidney fibrosis.
Inkjet‐Printed Random Lasers
Authors: Liao Yu‐Ming , Liao Wei‐Cheng , Chang Shu‐Wei , Hou Cheng‐Fu , Tai Chia‐Tse , Su Chen‐You , Hsu Yun‐Tzu , Wu Min‐Hsuan , Chou Rou‐Jun , Lee Yao‐Hsuan , Lin Shih‐Yao , Lin Wei‐Ju , Chang Cheng‐Han , Haider Golam , Kataria Monika , Roy Pradip Kumar , Bera Krishna Prasad , PaulInbaraj Christy Roshini , Hu Han‐Wen , Lin Tai‐Yuan , Chen Yang‐Fang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPrinting technology has led to a multitude of revolutions in design, conception, fabrication, and application of optoelectronics nowadays especially for wearables and one‐off devices. Recent advances range from solar cells, batteries, sensors, LEDs, displays, biomedical widgets to smart tags. Inkjet‐printed random lasers (IPRLs), demonstrated here, fill in the crucial but missing piece of the puzzle in printed optoelectronics as well as progress in laser research. A broad emission spectrum of IPRL inks covering more than 75% gamut of CIE color space is successfully exploited and well adopted by commercial desktop inkjet printers. Furthermore, based on the digital, ink‐efficient, mask‐free patterning, and drop‐on‐demand printing technique, a series of long‐anticipated proofs‐of‐concept including on‐chip laser lighting modules, red‐yellow‐green‐blue pixel‐based laser displays, and ink‐crypto/laser‐coded security printing technique are also demonstrated.
Information‐Entropic Measures in Confined Isotropic Harmonic Oscillator
Authors: Mukherjee Neetik , Roy Amlan K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInformation‐based uncertainty measures like Rényi entropy (R), Shannon entropy (S) and Onicescu energy (E) are employed to understand the influence of radial confinement in an isotropic harmonic oscillator (IHO). The transformation of the Hamiltonian into a dimensionless form gives an idea of the composite effect of oscillation frequency (ω) and confinement radius (). For a given quantum state, accurate results are provided by applying the respective exact analytical wave function in the r‐space. The p‐space wave functions are produced from Fourier transforms of radial functions. Pilot calculations are done taking order of entropic moments () as in r‐ and p‐spaces. A detailed, systematic analysis is performed for a 3D confined harmonic oscillator (CHO) with respect to state indices , and . It has been found that the CHO acts as a bridge between particles in a spherical box and the 3D free IHO. In the low‐ region, increases while decrease with the rise in . At moderate , there exists an interaction between two competing factors: i) radial confinement (localization) and ii) accumulation of radial nodes with growth of (delocalization). Most of these results are reported here for the first time, revealing many new interesting features.
Reactivity of N‐Substituted Exo‐oxazolidin‐2‐one Dienes with Naphthalene Chalcones and Cyclic 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Mastachi‐Loza Salvador , Ramírez‐Candelero Tania I. , González‐Romero Carlos , Díaz‐Torres Eduardo , Fuentes‐Benítes Aydeé , Tamariz Joaquín 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe N‐substituted exo‐2‐oxazolidinone dienes are versatile molecules that undergo a variety of reactions. To further explore this versatility, Diels‐Alder reactions were carried out with novel naphthalene chalcones. Upon attempting the Diels‐Alder reaction with 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, the formation of chromene unexpectedly took place via a formal [3+3] cycloaddition reaction. The observed reaction was then achieved with other 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds.
Vertical Assembly of Giant Double‐ and Triple‐Decker Spoked Wheel Supramolecular Structures
Authors: Liu Die , Chen Mingzhao , Li Yiming , Shen Yixian , Huang Jian , Yang Xiaoyu , Jiang Zhilong , Li Xiaopeng , Newkome George R. , Wang Pingshan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe double‐ or triple‐decker 3D metallo‐hexagons were obtained by self‐assembly of multitopic tris‐terpyridines with Cd2+ ions in near‐quantitative yield. Comprising up to 72 ionic pairs, the multiple spoked wheels display characteristic reversible gelation properties under thermodynamic conditions. The supramolecular metallo‐nanoarchitectures were characterized by 1H NMR, 2D NMR (COSY and NOESY), and diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and HR‐ESI‐MS, traveling‐wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM‐MS), TEM, and AFM. For the first time, the self‐assembly of 45 units at once was demonstrated to yield exceptional giant triple‐decker hexagons of up to circa 42 000 Da.
A General Amino Acid Synthesis Enabled by Innate Radical Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Ni Shengyang , Garrido‐Castro Alberto F. , Merchant Rohan R. , de Gruyter Justine N. , Schmitt Daniel C. , Mousseau James J. , Gallego Gary M. , Yang Shouliang , Collins Michael R. , Qiao Jennifer X. , Yeung Kap‐Sun , Langley David R. , Poss Michael A. , Scola Paul M. , Qin Tian , Baran Phil S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe direct union of primary, secondary, and tertiary carboxylic acids with a chiral glyoxylate‐derived sulfinimine provides rapid access into a variety of enantiomerically pure α‐amino acids (>85 examples). Characterized by operational simplicity, this radical‐based reaction enables the modular assembly of exotic α‐amino acids, including both unprecedented structures and those of established industrial value. The described method performs well in high‐throughput library synthesis, and has already been implemented in three distinct medicinal chemistry campaigns.
Nanotubes of NiCo2S4/Co9S8 Heterostructure: Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Basu Mrinmoyee 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe most important issue in water splitting is the development of efficient, abundant, and cost‐effective hydrogen and oxygen evolution catalysts. The development of an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under alkaline conditions is described here following a simple hydrothermal route. Here, a method for the synthesis of NiCo2S4/Co9S8, Co9S8, and NiCo2S4 nanotubes has been developed. The NiCo2S4/Co9S8 heterostructure has been introduced as an efficient electrocatalyst towards HER under alkaline conditions (1.0 m KOH). The vertically aligned nanotube heterostructure (NiCo2S4/Co9S8) shows the most efficient activity as compared to bare Co9S8 and NiCo2S4 nanotubes. The heterostructure of NiCo2S4 and Co9S8 shows a significant anodic shift in the onset potential compared to the bare counterpart. NiCo2S4/Co9S8 can generate a current density of 10 mA cm−2 upon application of only −0.172 V vs. RHE, whereas Co9S8 and NiCo2S4 require −0.293 V and −0.239 V vs. RHE, respectively. The heterostructure formation and the nanotube morphology of Co9S8 and NiCo2S4 facilitates a fast charge transportation which results in higher electrocatalytic activity. The hydrogen gas evolution rate of the NiCo2S4/Co9S8 heterostructure was determined to be 2.29 μmol min−1.
Lanthanide‐Catalyzed Tandem Insertion of Secondary Amines with 2‐Alkynylbenzonitriles: Synthesis of Aminoisoindoles
Authors: Ye Pengqing , Shao Yinlin , Xie Leping , Shen Keting , Cheng Tianxing , Chen Jiuxi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA lanthanide‐catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of 2‐alkynylbenzonitriles with secondary amines has been disclosed, providing a streamlined access to a range of aminoisoindoles in moderate to excellent yields. The salient features of this reaction include high bond‐formation efficiency, mild reaction conditions, 100 % atomic efficiency and good functional group tolerance. This methodology has also been successfully applied to the construction of other nitrogen‐containing compounds, such as 5 H‐imidazo[2,1‐a]isoindoles and isoquinolines. A plausible mechanism for the formation of aminoisoindoles involving initial N−H activation by a lanthanide complex followed by C≡N insertion into a Ln−N bond to form an amidinate lanthanide intermediate, which undergoes the cyclization is proposed.
Selective Anion Recognition by a Dynamic Quadruple Helicate
Authors: Steel Peter J. , McMorran David A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn M2L4 quadruple helicate, formed by wrapping four molecules of 1,4‐bis(3‐pyridyloxy)benzene (L1) about two palladium(II) centers, is shown to bind anions within its internal cavity. 1H NMR exchange experiments provide a quantitative measure of anion selectivity and reveal a preference for ClO4− over the other tetrahedral anions BF4− and ReO4− and the octahedral anion PF6−. X‐ray crystal structures of [Pd2(L1)4]4+ helicates containing ClO4, BF4− and I− reveal that the cavity size can dynamically change in response to the size of the guest.