bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interannual Variation and Regime Shift of the Evaporative Moisture Sources for Wintertime Precipitation Over Southern China
Authors: Yang Zifan , Huang Wenyu , Qiu Tianpei , He Xinsheng , Wright Jonathon S. , Wang Bin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe evaporative moisture source for wintertime precipitation over southern China during 1979–2017 is determined using a Lagrangian methodology. The five most important moisture source regions, in descending order, are the South China Sea, southern China (local moisture recycling), southeastern Asia, the East China Sea, and the western North Pacific. The dominant mode of variability of moisture contribution appears at the interannual time scale, which is closely related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation variability. The conventional El Niño signal favors moisture transport from the surrounding moisture source regions through an enhancement of an anticyclonic anomaly over the western North Pacific, while El Niño Modoki drives moisture recycling over southern China by cutting off access to moisture sources from surrounding regions. A regime shift of the evaporative moisture source is identified to occur around 1991/1992, after which there was a significant eastward migration of the moisture source. This migration is closely related to the presence of a cyclonic anomaly over the South China Sea. Both the observational and experimental results reveal that the appearance of this cyclonic anomaly is due to the warming over the Maritime Continent during the last two decades.
Distribution of Radioactive Heat Sources and Thermal History of the Moon
Authors: Laneuville M. , Taylor J. , Wieczorek M. A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe initial distribution of heat sources in crustal and mantle reservoirs plays a major role in the thermal evolution of the Moon. We use new constraints on the thickness of the crust, the size of a nearside low in crustal magnetization, surface composition data from orbit, Apollo samples, and mass balance considerations to generate a set of plausible post magma ocean initial conditions. We then test those initial conditions using the 3‐D thermochemical mantle convection code Gaia and compare with observables. Models that use Lunar Prospector gamma‐ray spectrometer values of thorium throughout the highland crust cannot sustain long lasting volcanic activity, as low abundances of heat‐producing elements are left in the mantle to keep an Earth‐like bulk silicate composition. The low magnetic field intensities of the innermost Procellarum KREEP Terrane are consistent with a higher heat production than in the outermost portion and delayed cooling below the Curie temperature of iron metal until after 3.56 Ga when the dynamo field strength is known to have decreased by an order of magnitude. The distribution of crustal heat sources also influences the depth evolution of isotopic closure isotherms for a range of isotopic systems relevant to radiometric dating, which may be important for sample age estimation. Core crystallization can sustain a continuous dynamo for about 1 billion years, after which dynamo activity is potentially more episodic.
Preindustrial Control Simulations With HadGEM3‐GC3.1 for CMIP6
Authors: Menary Matthew B. , Kuhlbrodt Till , Ridley Jeff , Andrews Martin B. , Dimdore‐Miles Oscar B. , Deshayes Julie , Eade Rosie , Gray Lesley , Ineson Sarah , Mignot Juliette , Roberts Christopher D. , Robson Jon , Wood Richard A. , Xavier Prince 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPreindustrial control simulations with the third Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, run in the Global Coupled configuration 3.1 of the Met Office Unified Model (HadGEM3‐GC3.1) are presented at two resolutions. These are N216ORCA025, which has a horizontal resolution of 60 km in the atmosphere and 0.25° in the ocean, and N96ORCA1, which has a horizontal resolution of 130 km in the atmosphere and 1° in the ocean. The aim of this study is to document the climate variability in these simulations, make comparisons against present‐day observations (albeit under different forcing), and discuss differences arising due to resolution. In terms of interannual variability in the leading modes of climate variability the two resolutions behave generally very similarly. Notable differences are in the westward extent of El Niño and the pattern of Atlantic multidecadal variability, in which N216ORCA025 compares more favorably to observations, and in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which is far too weak in N216ORCA025. In the North Atlantic region, N216ORCA025 has a stronger and deeper Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which compares well against observations, and reduced biases in temperature and salinity in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. These simulations are being provided to the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and provide a baseline against which further forced experiments may be assessed.
A stoichiometric terbium-europium dyad molecular thermometer: energy transfer properties
Authors: Bao Guochen , Wong Ka-Leung , Jin Dayong , Tanner Peter A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe optical thermometer has shown great promise for use in the fields of aeronautical engineering, environmental monitoring and medical diagnosis. Self-referencing lanthanide thermo-probes distinguish themselves because of their accuracy, calibration, photostability, and temporal dimension of signal. However, the use of conventional lanthanide-doped materials is limited by their poor reproducibility, random distance between energy transfer pairs and interference by energy migration, thereby restricting their utility. Herein, a strategy for synthesizing hetero-dinuclear complexes that comprise chemically similar lanthanides is introduced in which a pair of thermosensitive dinuclear complexes, cycTb-phEu and cycEu-phTb, were synthesized. Their structures were geometrically optimized with an internuclear distance of approximately 10.6Å. The sensitive linear temperature-dependent luminescent intensity ratios of europium and terbium emission over a wide temperature range (50–298K and 10–200K, respectively) and their temporal dimension responses indicate that both dinuclear complexes can act as excellent self-referencing thermometers. The energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ is thermally activated, with the most important pathway involving the 7F1 Eu3+J-multiplet at room temperature. The energy transfer from the antenna to Eu3+ was simulated, and it was found that the most important ligand contributions to the rate come from transfers to the Eu3+ upper states rather than direct ligand–metal transfer to 5D1 or 5D0. As the first molecular-based thermometer with clear validation of the metal ratio and a fixed distance between the metal pairs, these dinuclear complexes can be used as new materials for temperature sensing and can provide a new platform for understanding the energy transfer between lanthanide ions.
Thermodynamic phases in two-dimensional active matter
Authors: Klamser Juliane U. , Kapfer Sebastian C. , Krauth Werner 
Published: November 2018

AbstractActive matter has been much studied for its intriguing properties such as collective motion, motility-induced phase separation and giant fluctuations. However, it has remained unclear how the states of active materials connect with the equilibrium phases. For two-dimensional systems, this is also because the understanding of the liquid, hexatic, and solid equilibrium phases and their phase transitions is recent. Here we show that two-dimensional self-propelled point particles with inverse-power-law repulsions moving with a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm without alignment interactions preserve all equilibrium phases up to very large activities. Furthermore, at high activity within the liquid phase, a critical point opens up a gas–liquid motility-induced phase separation region. In our model, two-step melting and motility-induced phase separation are thus independent phenomena. We discuss the reasons for these findings to be common to a wide class of two-dimensional active systems.
Melt-driven erosion in microparticle impact
Authors: Hassani-Gangaraj Mostafa , Veysset David , Nelson Keith A. , Schuh Christopher A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImpact-induced erosion is the ablation of matter caused by being physically struck by another object. While this phenomenon is known, it is empirically challenging to study mechanistically because of the short timescales and small length scales involved. Here, we resolve supersonic impact erosion in situ with micrometer- and nanosecond-level spatiotemporal resolution. We show, in real time, how metallic microparticles (~10-μm) cross from the regimes of rebound and bonding to the more extreme regime that involves erosion. We find that erosion in normal impact of ductile metallic materials is melt-driven, and establish a mechanistic framework to predict the erosion velocity.
Structure of the hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channel OSCA1.2
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Jiawei , Sun Linfeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn plants, hyperosmolality stimuli triggers opening of the osmosensitive channels, leading to a rapid downstream signaling cascade initiated by cytosolic calcium concentration elevation. Members of the OSCA family in Arabidopsis thaliana, identified as the hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channels, have been suggested to play a key role during the initial phase of hyperosmotic stress response. Here, we report the atomic structure of Arabidopsis OSCA1.2 determined by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. It contains 11 transmembrane helices and forms a homodimer. It is in an inactivated state, and the pore-lining residues are clearly identified. Its cytosolic domain contains a RNA recognition motif and two unique long helices. The linker between these two helices forms an anchor in the lipid bilayer and may be essential to osmosensing. The structure of AtOSCA1.2 serves as a platform for the study of the mechanism underlying osmotic stress responses and mechanosensing.
Broadened immunity against influenza by vaccination with computationally designed influenza virus N1 neuraminidase constructs
Authors: Job E. R. , Ysenbaert T. , Smet A. , Christopoulou I. , Strugnell T. , Oloo E. O. , Oomen R. P. , Kleanthous H. , Vogel T. U. , Saelens X. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSplit inactivated influenza vaccines remain one of the primary preventative strategies against severe influenza disease in the population. However, current vaccines are only effective against a limited number of matched strains. The need for broadly protective vaccines is acute due to the high mutational rate of influenza viruses and multiple strain variants in circulation at any one time. The neuraminidase (NA) glycoprotein expressed on the influenza virion surface has recently regained recognition as a valuable vaccine candidate. We sought to broaden the protection provided by NA within the N1 subtype by computationally engineering consensus NA sequences. Three NA antigens (NA5200, NA7900, NA9100) were designed based on sequence clusters encompassing three major groupings of NA sequence space; (i) H1N1 2009 pandemic and Swine H1N1, (ii) historical seasonal H1N1 and (iii) H1N1 viruses ranging from 1933 till current times. Recombinant NA proteins were produced as a vaccine and used in a mouse challenge model. The design of the protein dictated the protection provided against the challenge strains. NA5200 protected against H1N1 pdm09, a Swine isolate from 1998 and NIBRG-14 (H5N1). NA7900 protected against all seasonal H1N1 viruses tested, and NA9100 showed the broadest range of protection covering all N1 viruses tested. By passive transfer studies and serological assays, the protection provided by the cluster-based consensus (CBC) designs correlated to antibodies capable of mediating NA inhibition. Importantly, sera raised to the consensus NAs displayed a broader pattern of reactivity and protection than naturally occurring NAs, potentially supporting a predictive approach to antigen design.
The Effect of Ratio of Changing to Static Stimuli on the Attentional Capture
Authors: Ono Fuminori 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStudies have shown that appearing or disappearing objects attract more attention than static objects. This study examined the modulation of attention attracted by transient signals by systematically manipulating the ratio of changing (appearing/disappearing) to static stimuli. The results revealed that the effect of transient stimuli in attracting attention was diminished by simultaneously appearing (disappearing) peripheral stimuli and that the position where nothing was presented (the remaining stimulus) attracted attention when the number of appearing (disappearing) peripheral stimuli was increased. These findings suggest that the sudden change does not always capture attention, and whether changed things are attended or unchanged things are attended is determined depending on the proportion of things that change and do not change.
Exploration of deep terrestrial subsurface microbiome in Late Cretaceous Deccan traps and underlying Archean basement, India
Authors: Dutta Avishek , Dutta Gupta Srimanti , Gupta Abhishek , Sarkar Jayeeta , Roy Sukanta , Mukherjee Abhijit , Sar Pinaki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractScientific deep drilling at Koyna, western India provides a unique opportunity to explore microbial life within deep biosphere hosted by ~65 Myr old Deccan basalt and Archaean granitic basement. Characteristic low organic carbon content, mafic/felsic nature but distinct trend in sulfate and nitrate concentrations demarcates the basaltic and granitic zones as distinct ecological habitats. Quantitative PCR indicates a depth independent distribution of microorganisms predominated by bacteria. Abundance of dsrB and mcrA genes are relatively higher (at least one order of magnitude) in basalt compared to granite. Bacterial communities are dominated by Alpha-, Beta-, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, whereas Euryarchaeota is the major archaeal group. Strong correlation among the abundance of autotrophic and heterotrophic taxa is noted. Bacteria known for nitrite, sulfur and hydrogen oxidation represent the autotrophs. Fermentative, nitrate/sulfate reducing and methane metabolising microorganisms represent the heterotrophs. Lack of shared operational taxonomic units and distinct clustering of major taxa indicate possible community isolation. Shotgun metagenomics corroborate that chemolithoautotrophic assimilation of carbon coupled with fermentation and anaerobic respiration drive this deep biosphere. This first report on the geomicrobiology of the subsurface of Deccan traps provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand microbial composition and function in the terrestrial, igneous rock-hosted, deep biosphere.
PDGF enhances the protective effect of adipose stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in a model of acute hindlimb ischemia
Authors: Lopatina Tatiana , Favaro Enrica , Grange Cristina , Cedrino Massimo , Ranghino Andrea , Occhipinti Sergio , Fallo Sofia , Buffolo Fabrizio , Gaykalova Daria A. , Zanone Maria M. , Romagnoli Renato , Camussi Giovanni 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe previously have shown that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) modulates the biological activity of extracellular vesicles released by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC-EVs). ASC-EVs may interact with blood and vessel cells by transferring proteins and nucleic acids and regulate their functions. In this study, we investigated immunomodulatory activity and protection from acute hindlimb ischemia of EVs released by PDGF-stimulated ASC (PDGF-EVs). PDGF treatment of ASC changed protein and RNA composition of released EVs by enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors. In vitro, control EVs (cEVs) derived from non-stimulated ASC increased the secretion of both the IL-1b, IL-17, IFNγ, TNFα pro-inflammatory factors and the IL-10 anti-inflammatory factor, and enhanced the in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) adhesion on endothelium. In contrast, PDGF-EVs enhanced IL-10 secretion and induced TGF-β1 secretion by PBMC. Moreover, PDGF-EVs stimulated the formation of T regulatory cells. In vivo, PDGF-EVs protected muscle tissue from acute ischemia, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased T regulatory cell infiltration in respect to cEVs. Our results suggest that PDGF-EVs are enriched in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors and induced in PBMC an enhanced production of IL-10 and TGF-β1 resulting in protection of muscle from acute ischemia in vivo.
Orbital angular momentum dichroism in nanoantennas
Authors: Kerber R. M. , Fitzgerald J. M. , Oh S. S. , Reiter D. E. , Hess O. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhen light interacts with matter, dichroism with respect to the handedness of circularly polarized light is well established. But what happens if the light further possesses an orbital angular momentum? In this paper, we discuss possible definitions of orbital angular momentum dichroism and define a new type of dichroism, the class dichroism. By numerically calculating the scattering cross-section spectra, we study the dichroism of a plasmonic nanostructure interacting with orbital angular momentum light. By considering the exemplary case of twisted, stacked nanorods, we show that the orbital angular momentum dichroism can be as strong as dichroism induced by circular polarization. We present a detailed classification of the different types of orbital angular momentum dichroism, which paves the way for new chiroptic spectroscopic techniques.
Telluric correction in the near-infrared: Standard star or synthetic transmission?
Authors: Ulmer-Moll S. , Figueira P. , Neal J. J. , Santos N. C. , Bonnefoy M. 
Published: November 2018

Context. The atmospheric absorption of the Earth is an important limiting factor for ground-based spectroscopic observations and the near-infrared and infrared regions are the most affected. Several software packages that produce a synthetic atmospheric transmission spectrum have been developed to correct for the telluric absorption; these are Molecfit, TelFit, and Transmissions Atmosphériques Personnalisées pour l’AStronomie (TAPAS).
Aims. Our goal is to compare the correction achieved using these three telluric correction packages and the division by a telluric standard star. We want to evaluate the best method to correct near-infrared high-resolution spectra as well as the limitations of each software package and methodology.
Methods. We applied the telluric correction methods to CRIRES archival data taken in the J and K bands. We explored how the achieved correction level varies depending on the atmospheric T-P profile used in the modelling, the depth of the atmospheric lines, and the molecules creating the absorption.
Results. We found that the Molecfit and TelFit corrections lead to smaller residuals for the water lines. The standard star method corrects best the oxygen lines. The Molecfit package and the standard star method corrections result in global offsets always below 0.5% for all lines; the offset is similar with TelFit and TAPAS for the H2O lines and around 1% for the O2 lines. All methods and software packages result in a scatter between 3% and 7% inside the telluric lines. The use of a tailored atmospheric profile for the observatory leads to a scatter two times smaller, and the correction level improves with lower values of precipitable water vapour.
Conclusions. The synthetic transmission methods lead to an improved correction compared to the standard star method for the water lines in the J band with no loss of telescope time, but the oxygen lines were better corrected by the standard star method.
Masses, oxygen, and carbon abundances in CHEPS dwarf stars
Authors: Pavlenko Y. V. , Kaminsky B. M. , Jenkins J. S. , Ivanyuk O. M. , Jones H. R. A. , Lyubchik Y. P. 
Published: November 2018

Context. We report the results from the determination of stellar masses, carbon, and oxygen abundances in the atmospheres of 107 stars from the Calan-Hertfordshire Extrasolar Planet Search (CHEPS) programme. Our stars are drawn from a population with a significantly super-solar metallicity. At least 10 of these stars are known to host orbiting planets.
Aims. In this work, we set out to understand the behaviour of carbon and oxygen abundance in stars with different spectral classes, metallicities, and V sin i within the metal-rich stellar population.
Methods. Masses of these stars were determined using data from Gaia DR2. Oxygen and carbon abundances were determined by fitting the absorption lines. We determined oxygen abundances with fits to the 6300.304 Å O I line, and we used 3 lines of the C I atom and 12 lines of the C2 molecule for the determination of carbon abundances.
Results. We determine masses and abundances of 107 CHEPS stars. There is no evidence that the [C/O] ratio depends on V sin i or the mass of the star within our constrained range of masses, i.e. 0.82 < M*∕M⊙ < 1.5 and metallicities − 0.27 < [Fe∕H] < +0.39. We also confirm that metal-rich dwarf stars with planets are more carbon rich in comparison with non-planet host stars with a statistical significance of 96%.
Conclusions. We find tentative evidence that there is a slight offset to lower abundance and a greater dispersion in oxygen abundances relative to carbon. We interpret this as potentially arising because the production of oxygen is more effective at more metal-poor epochs. We also find evidence that for lower mass stars the angular momentum loss in stars with planets as measured by V sin i is steeper than stars without planets. In general, we find that the fast rotators (V sin i > 5 km s−1) are massive stars.
Alginat bei Bedarf als Add-on bei unzureichendem Effekt von Protonenpumpen-Hemmern bei Patienten mit gastroösophagealer Reflux-Krankheit
Authors: Müller Matthias , Labenz Gisela , Borkenstein Daniela-P. , Labenz Joachim ,   LOPA Studiengruppe
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Chronische Reflux-Patienten mit Langzeit-PPI-Therapie haben häufig persistierende Symptome. Eine wesentliche Ursache hierfür ist die Acid-Pocket, die lokal durch Alginate wirksam behandelt werden kann.
Methoden In einer prospektiven, multizentrischen, nicht randomisierten, nicht interventionellen und unkontrollierten Studie in hausärztlichen Praxen wurden Reflux-Patienten mit einer PPI-Dauertherapie über ≥ 1 Jahr, die mit ihrer Behandlung unzufrieden waren, über 14 Tage mit einem Alginat nach Bedarf (bis zu 4 ×/Tag) behandelt. Es wurde die Frequenz der Symptome in der Woche vor Therapie und in der zweiten Behandlungswoche erfasst, zusätzlich der validierte GERD-Q-Score. Die Patienten gaben ihre Zufriedenheit mit der Therapie vor Beginn und am Ende der Studienperiode auf einer 5-Punkt-Likert-Skala an (1: sehr unzufrieden; 5: zufrieden). Primärer Endpunkt der Studie war die Verbesserung der Zufriedenheit um ≥ 1 Punkt.
Ergebnisse 155 Patienten (54 % Frauen, medianes Alter 57 Jahre [Bereich 18 – 85 Jahre]) wurden rekrutiert. 6 Patienten wurden von der Wirksamkeitsanalyse ausgeschlossen, da sie entweder die Studienmedikation nicht genommen hatten oder nicht zur Abschlussvisite erschienen. Die mediane Krankheitsdauer lag bei 8 Jahren (Bereich 1 – 50 Jahre), die mediane Dauer der PPI-Langzeittherapie bei 6 Jahren. In der Studie nahmen die Patienten im Mittel 3 Sachets des Studienmedikaments pro Tag. Die Alginat-Therapie führte bei 72 % der Patienten zu einer Verbesserung der Therapiezufriedenheit um mindestens 1 Punkt (1 Punkt: n = 45, 2 Punkte: n = 41, 3 Punkte: n = 16, 4 Punkte: n = 5). Patienten mit einem GERD-Q-Score > 8 sprachen häufiger auf die Therapie an (81 %). Die Verbesserung umfasste alle typischen Reflux-Symptome und Schlafstörungen. Die Therapie wurde gut vertragen.
Diskussion Eine Reflux-Blockade mit einem Alginat als Add-on ist eine wirksame und sichere Option zur Behandlung von Durchbruchsymptomen bei GERD-Patienten mit PPI-Therapie.