bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Calorimetric and Thermodynamic Investigation of the Synthetic Analogue of Mandarinoite, Fe2(SeO3)3·5H2O
Authors: Lelet Maxim I. , Charykova Marina V. , Holzheid Astrid , Ledwig Brendan , Krivovichev Vladimir G. , Suleimanov Evgeny V. 
Published: October 2018

Thermophysical and thermochemical calorimetric investigations were carried out on the synthetic analogue of mandarinoite. The low-temperature heat capacity of Fe 2 ( SeO 3 ) 3 · 5 H 2 O ( cr ) was measured using adiabatic calorimetry between 5.3 and 324.8 K, and the third-law entropy was determined. Using these C p , m o ( T ) data, the third law entropy at T = 298.15 K, S m o , is calculated as 520.1 ± 1.1 J∙K−1∙mol−1. Smoothed C p , m o ( T ) values between T → 0 K and 320 K are presented, along with values for S m o and the functions [ H m o ( T ) − H m o ( 0 ) ] and [ Φ m o ( T ) − Φ m o ( 0 ) ] . The enthalpy of formation of Fe 2 ( SeO 3 ) 3 · 5 H 2 O ( cr ) was determined by solution calorimetry with HF solution as the solvent, giving Δ f H m o ( 298 K , Fe 2 ( SeO 3 ) 3 · 5 H 2 O , cr ) = −3124.6 ± 5.3 kJ/mol. The standard Gibbs energy of formation for Fe 2 ( SeO 3 ) 3 · 5 H 2 O ( cr ) at T = 298 K can be calculated on the basis on Δ f H m o ( 298 K ) and Δ f S m o ( 298 K ) : Δ f G m o ( 298 K , Fe 2 ( SeO 3 ) 3 · 5 H 2 O , cr ) = −2600.8 ± 5.4 kJ/mol. The value of ΔfGm for Fe2(SeO3)3·5H2O(cr) was used to calculate the Eh–pH diagram of the Fe–Se–H2O system. This diagram has been constructed for the average contents of these elements in acidic waters of the oxidation zones of sulfide deposits. The behaviors of selenium and iron in the surface environment have been quantitatively explained by variations of the redox potential and the acidity-basicity of the mineral-forming medium. These parameters precisely determine the migration ability of selenium compounds and its precipitation in the form of solid phases.
A New C–D-like Diagram for SPB Stars: The Variations of Period Spacing as a Signature of Evolutionary Status
Authors: Wu Tao , Li Yan , Deng Zhen-min 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The slowly pulsating B-type (SPB) stars are the upper main-sequence stars on the HR diagram. Their oscillations are high-order, low-degree g-mode and can be used to probe the structure of the radiative zone near the outer boundary of the convective core and constrain the chemical mixing in stellar interiors. In SPB stars, the period spacing periodically varies with periods. It has been regarded as a signature of the chemical composition gradient beyond the convective core. Based on theoretical calculations, we find that the variation frequency of the period spacings (f
ΔP
) is related to the width of the μ-gradient region on the buoyancy radius (Λ
μ
) with the relation of f
ΔP
∼ 0.5Λ
μ
. This indicates that the variation frequency f
ΔP
is sensitive to the central hydrogen mass fraction X
C (i.e., the evolutionary status). Finally, we find that the variation frequency f
ΔP
and the means of the period spacings

can be used to construct a new C–D-like diagram (f
ΔP
versus

), which can be used to roughly decide the stellar evolutionary stages and to approximately determine stellar mass for SPB stars.
Magnetic Buoyancy and Magnetorotational Instabilities in Stellar Tachoclines for Solar- and Antisolar-type Differential Rotation
Authors: Gilman Peter A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We present results from an analytical model for magnetic buoyancy and rotational instabilities in full spherical shell stellar tachoclines that include rotation, differential rotation of either solar or antisolar type, and toroidal field. We find that in all cases, for latitudes where the tachocline vertical rotation gradient is positive, toroidal fields can be stored against magnetic buoyancy up to a limit that is proportional to the square root of the local vertical rotation gradient. For solar magnitude differential rotation, this limit is about 9 kG. For fixed percentage differential rotation, storage capacity varies linearly with the rotation rate. Faster rotators with the same percentage differential rotation can store larger fields, and slower rotators can store smaller fields. At latitudes where the vertical rotation gradient is negative, vigorous magnetorotational instability for even weak (≪1 kG) toroidal fields prevents such storage. We infer from these results that for stars with solar-type latitudinal differential rotation (fast equator, slow poles), any starspots present should be found in low latitudes, similar to the Sun. For antisolar differential rotation, any spots present should be found in mid- and high latitudes, perhaps with a peak of occurrence near 55°. These results hopefully provide some guidance for making and interpreting observations of stellar activity and differential rotation on stars with convection zones and tachoclines.
Resolving the X-Ray Obscuration in a Low-flux Observation of the Quasar PDS 456
Authors: Reeves J. N. , Braito V. , Nardini E. , Hamann F. , Chartas G. , Lobban A. P. , O’Brien P. T. , Turner T. J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Simultaneous XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and HST observations, performed in 2017 March, of the nearby (z = 0.184) luminous quasar PDS 456 are presented. PDS 456 had a low X-ray flux compared to past observations, where the first of the two new XMM-Newton observations occurred during a pronounced dip in the X-ray light curve. The broadband X-ray spectrum is highly absorbed, attenuated by a soft X-ray absorber of column density N
H = 6 × 1022 cm−2. An increase in obscuration occurs during the dip, which may be due to an X-ray eclipse. In addition, the persistent, fast Fe K outflow is present, with velocity components of −0.25c and −0.4c. The soft absorber is less ionized (

) compared to the iron K outflow (

) and is outflowing with a velocity of approximately −0.2c. A soft X-ray excess is present below 1 keV against the highly absorbed continuum and can be attributed to the re-emission from a wide-angle wind. The complex X-ray absorption present in PDS 456 suggests that the wind is inhomogeneous, whereby the soft X-ray absorber originates from denser clumps or filaments that may form farther out along the outflow. In contrast to the X-ray observations, the simultaneous UV spectrum of PDS 456 is largely unabsorbed, where only a very weak broad absorption trough is present blueward of Lyα, compared to a past observation in 2000 when the trough was significantly stronger. The relative weakness of the UV absorption may be due to the soft X-ray absorber being too highly ionized and almost transparent in the UV band.
Distributed digital contexts and learning: Personal empowerment and social transformation in marginalized populations
Authors: Chib Arul , Bentley Caitlin , Wardoyo Reidinar-Juliane 
Published: October 2018

The role of digital media and learning has often been synonymous with the use of open education resources in formal institutional settings. Further, open and distance learning has been criticized for focusing narrowly on educational objectives, ignoring socio-political issues of access and participation by marginalized populations. This study examines the lived experiences of female migrant domestic workers (N=20) in Singapore attending Open University. Mobile and social media supplement open and distance learning resources to allow for open practices of consumption, production and sharing in distributed contexts of digital learning. Marginalized students engaged in participation and collaboration activities, with specific privacy practices due to their social positions. Digital learning led to substantive learning for personal empowerment and social transformation, with aspirational strategies often involving digital skills. The discussion reflects on identity management across formal and informal digital settings as a means of transforming societal discourses of discrimination.El rol de los medios digitales y el aprendizaje a menudo ha sido sinónimo del uso de recursos educativos abiertos en entornos institucionales formales. Además, el aprendizaje abierto y a distancia (ODL) ha sido criticado por centrarse estrictamente en los objetivos educativos, ignorando las cuestiones sociopolíticas de acceso y de participación de las poblaciones marginalizadas. Este estudio examina las experiencias de vida de un grupo de trabajadoras domésticas migrantes (N=20) en Singapur que asisten a Open University. Los medios móviles y las redes sociales complementan los recursos ODL para permitir prácticas abiertas de consumo, producción e intercambio en contextos distribuidos de aprendizaje digital. Los estudiantes marginalizados intervinieron en actividades participativas y colaborativas, con prácticas de privacidad específicas de acuerdo a sus posiciones sociales. El aprendizaje digital condujo a un aprendizaje sustantivo para el empoderamiento personal y la transformación social, con estrategias de aspiración que a menudo involucran habilidades digitales. La discusión reflexiona sobre la gestión de identidades en entornos digitales formales e informales como un medio para transformar los discursos sociales de discriminación.
Exploring the influence of the teacher: Social participation on Twitter and academic perception
Authors: Santoveña-Casal Sonia , Bernal-Bravo César 
Published: October 2018

Analyzing the influence of social media on the learning process is no longer a novel idea; however, due to its importance for students and consequently for teachers, research continues to explore the pedagogical potential of social media. The main objective of the present study was to analyze the influence of teacher roles (guide or facilitator) on students’ social participation in Twitter and their perceived academic experience. The sample consisted of 525 future teachers, all of the Master’s degree students at Spain’s National Distance Education University (UNED). We used a mixed triangulation design, a theoretical model, quantitative methods (descriptive analysis and contrast of means) and qualitative methods (content analysis following the principles of grounded theory). Our results showed that the teacher’s role as a facilitator exerted a more positive influence on how students assessed their experience and on their participation on Twitter than the role as a guide. We conclude that the use of social media sites in education offers a motivating and satisfying framework that is not provided by other more traditional means such as forums, and that a role that facilitates independent learning is a better strategy when using social media in the classroom.El análisis de la influencia de las redes sociales en el proceso de aprendizaje ya no es una novedad. Sin embargo, debido a su importancia para el alumnado y en consecuencia para el profesorado, la literatura científica sigue prestando atención al potencial pedagógico de las redes sociales. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue analizar la influencia del rol del profesorado (guía y facilitador) sobre la participación social en Twitter y la experiencia académica percibida de los estudiantes. La muestra estuvo formada por 525 futuros profesores, estudiantes de posgrado en la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. Se utilizó un diseño mixto de triangulación, un modelo teórico, una parte cuantitativa (análisis descriptivo y contraste sobre medias) y otra cualitativa (análisis de contenido, siguiendo los principios de la teoría fundamentada). Los resultados mostraron que el rol facilitador del profesor influye positivamente en la valoración de la experiencia por parte de los estudiantes y en la participación en Twitter, en mayor medida que el rol guía. Por un lado, se concluye que el uso de las redes sociales, en el ámbito educativo, proporciona un marco motivacional y de satisfacción que no lo aportan otros medios más tradicionales, como los foros, y, por otro, que un rol que facilita un proceso de aprendizaje independiente es mejor estrategia cuando hablamos de redes sociales en el aula.
Global Consciousness in Nursing: An Ethnographic Study of Nurses with an International Perspective
Authors: Thorne Sally 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Despite an ideal of international awareness, nursing education and professional organization have traditionally fostered social analysis within a rather local sphere of influence. However, there have always been renegade nurses whose idealism and global perspective have made them challenge the profession, adopt unusual career paths, or even leave nursing in favor of roles that more readily adapt to global awareness. Because the health care of the future demands an increasingly global-policy perspective, it is important to explore the relationship between the social structure of professional nursing and its ideological imperatives. This research employed ethnographic methods to study the experience of nurses involved in balancing what they perceived to be the discrepant perspectives of nursing and global awareness. The findings depict remarkable and inspiring careers within nursing and document the difficulties encountered by nurses in their attempts to apply global awareness to their professional nursing lives. Further, they generate practical implications for nursing education and professional organization to respond to the global trend toward primary health care policy and to prepare nurses to meet the inevitable challenges of the next millennium.
The Impact of the Use of Inquiry-Based Learning as a Teaching Methodology on the Development of Critical Thinking
Authors: Magnussen Lois , Ishida Dianne , Itano Joanne 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Problem-based learning (PBL) uses patients' problems to develop students' problem-solving and clinical skills. Inquiry-based learning (IBL) was developed as a similar methodology that was more holistic and flexible. This study sought to determine if inquiry-based learning (IBL) enhances critical-thinking ability as measured by the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA). The WGCTA was administered to 228 nursing students in the first semester and 257 students in the final semester of their program. When the scores were stratified into groups, the students in the low group showed a significant increase in mean score, no change in the medium group, and a significant drop for the high group.
Prevalence of Strabismus Among Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Disease With and Without Optic Pathway Glioma
Authors: Dotan Gad , Qureshi Hanya M. , Toledano-Alhadef Hagit , Azem Nur , Yahalom Claudia 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the prevalence of strabismus in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) by comparing children with normal neuroimaging to those with optic pathway glioma.

Methods:
A retrospective data collection of all children with NF-1 with neuroimaging studies examined at a single medical center between 2000 and 2016.

Results:

Of the 198 children with NF-1 reviewed, 109 (55%) were male, 121 (61%) had normal neuroimaging, and 77 (39%) had an optic pathway glioma. Mean age at presentation was 6.3 ± 4.7 years and mean follow-up was 4.8 ± 3.1 years. Strabismus was present in 29 (15%) children and was significantly more prevalent in children with NF-1 with optic pathway glioma (21 of 77 [27%]) than in those with normal neuroimaging (8 of 121 [7%],
P
< .001). Sensory strabismus was only found in children with optic pathway glioma, accounting for most cases (12 of 21 [57%]). A strong association between strabismus and optic pathway glioma is demonstrated by an odds ratio of 5.29 (
P
< .001). Children with NF-1 with optic pathway glioma have a 4.13 times higher relative risk of developing strabismus than children with NF-1 without it (
P
= .001). The direction of ocular misalignment in children with NF-1 with optic pathway glioma was not significantly different than that observed in children without optic pathway glioma (
P
= .197, Fisher's exact test). Only 5 (17%) children with NF-1 with strabismus (3 with optic pathway glioma) underwent corrective surgery to align their eyes.

Conclusions:
Optic pathway glioma in children with NF-1 is associated with an increased risk of strabismus that is often sensory. Although exotropia is the most common ocular misalignment associated with optic pathway glioma, the direction of strabismus cannot be used as an accurate predictor for its presence.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(1):19–22.]
Myopia Growth Chart Based on a Population-Based Survey (KNHANES IV–V): A Novel Prediction Model of Myopic Progression in Childhood
Authors: Kim Dae Hee , Lim Hyun Taek 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To introduce a novel myopia growth chart based on a population-based survey for the prediction of myopic progression.

Methods:
The study included 7,695 Korean participants aged 5 to 20 years from a population-based health survey (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV–V). The authors collected spherical equivalent (SE) data converted from noncycloplegic refraction data. To create a myopia growth chart, data were arranged in the order of SE from hyperopia to myopia to acquire specific percentiles of the SE by age. Myopia progression rates were calculated between two specific ages in each percentile.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 11.8 years and the mean SE was −1.82 diopters (D). The SE of the 10th percentile was +0.72 D for participants aged 5 and −0.25 D for those aged 20 years, resulting in a total change in refraction of −0.97 D. In contrast, the SE of the 90th percentile was −0.75 D for participants aged 5 years and −6.73 D for those aged 20 years, showing myopia progression of −5.98 D. The myopia progression rate from 5 to 20 years of age was estimated as −0.06, −0.15, and −0.40 D/year in the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile groups, respectively.

Conclusions:
The myopia growth chart may be used to diagnose the severity or to estimate the progression of myopia. A patient in a higher percentile of myopia for his or her age may have myopia progressing at a faster rate and thus require close observation.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(2):73–77.]
Distance Education Features using Facebook
Authors: Dhyab Rozhgar , Varol Asaf 
Published: October 2018

<p class="0abstract">Thanks to rapid development of information technology there are many new tools that can be used for teaching and learning environment. In the long past, we had met classical classrooms where teachers had to use chalk to write done everything on the blackboard. Later, we have met new tools such as projection, desktop computers, smart boards, etc. in the classical classrooms. Nowadays, we have met with mobile devices. Mobile devices are magic tools which can be used for teaching and learning as a distance. Because of its mobility we do not need to join a classical classroom to listen to courses offered by our teachers any more. Now, we can join in virtual classroom which can be established on cloud. On the other hand, there are many social media applications which can be also used for teaching and learning. For example, it is now possible to teach courses by online where Facebook can be used as a supplementary tool. There are instructors who use Facebook as a learning environment where instructors and learners interact simultaneity on it. The Facebook has made a significant contribution towards solving the problems faced by practical education students during the period of practical education. There is an increasing trend in the study community to use Facebook in order to solve these problems. The aim of this research is to encourage instructors and students to teach and learn by using Facebook as part of a new system of education, namely online distance learning. In this study we explain how mobile devices and social media have been used during teaching and learning of courses at master studies’ level at the Department of Software Engineering of College of Technology at Firat University in Turkey. We will explore the advantages and disadvantages of Facebook in terms of teaching and learning environment and we will suggest some recommendations for using Facebook as a teaching and learning platform which have been resulted from our research. </p>
Aesthetic subunits of the trunk: Anatomy and behavior of skin and adipose tissue in each unit for better outcomes in liposuction
Authors: Parashar Sanjay , Venkataram Aniketh 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Liposuction and abdominal contouring is one of the most common procedures performed by plastic surgeons worldwide. Surprisingly, there has been few attempts at dividing the abdomen into subunits to delineate and aid in this endeavour. We have evolved a system of abdominal aesthetic subunits which has enabled us to achieve high quality results. Materials and Methods: A system of 8 subunits of the abdomen was evolved after analysing 1000 cases: Upper midline, upper rectus, lower rectus, pubic, Lateral abdomen, Lumbar Posterior midline and Bra Roll. Results: The system was used in 2000 cases with good results. The system enabled the performance of tailored liposuction in each area, with greater accuracy, better results and fewer complications. Conclusion: Our success with this classification validates its use, and makes liposuction more scientific and effective.
Scalp replantation in a cervical spine injury patient: Lessons learnt
Authors: Malmande Vithal , Rao Naveen , Biradar Amaresh , Bansal Abhilash , Dutt Chandrika 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTTotal scalp avulsion injury with cervical spine injury is rare. This article is to describe the technical difficulties and precautions to be taken during anatomical replantation. The patients with cervical spine injury should not be considered as an absolute contraindication for anatomical replant if patients are fit for general anaesthesia. We found that the supratrochlear and supraorbital vessels which are anterior and superficial temporal vessels which are lateral can be used to replant without much technical difficulty. We conclude that anatomical replant is always better keeping in mind the technical limitations of anatomical replant in case of cervical spine injury.