bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehospital Care of Pediatric Hypoglycemic Seizure Patients in the State of North Carolina: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Burroughs Zachary T. , Mitchell Michael S. , Hiestand Brian , Winslow James 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPediatric seizures are commonly encountered in emergency medical services (EMS). Evidence is accumulating that the rate of hypoglycemia in this setting is low, challenging the concept of routine prehospital glucose measurement.ObjectiveWe studied factors associated with EMS protocol compliance for glucose testing in children < 18 years of age with a 9‐1‐1 call for seizure as well as rates of hypoglycemia in the prehospital setting.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data from the North Carolina EMS registry from 2013 to 2014. North Carolina EMS protocols require glucose measurement prior to seizure treatment. Scene calls for patients ≤ 17 years with a complaint of seizure were included. We calculated incidence of testing, hypoglycemia, and the relative risk of compliance with glucose measurement.ResultsThere were 13,182 calls for seizure, of which 6,262 (47.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 46.6% to 48.3%) had a glucose obtained. Hypoglycemia (glucose < 60 mg/dL) was present in 78 of 6,262 (1.25%, 95% CI = 0.97% to 1.5%) patients. Glucose was supplemented in 61 patients (median glucose 61 mg/dL, interquartile range = 51 to 67 mg/dL). Testing rates increased with age (relative risk [RR] = 1.04 per year, 95% CI = 1.03–1.04 per year), emergency medical technician–paramedic (EMT‐P) presence (RR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1–1.3) and with antiepileptic medication use (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.1 to 1.2). Testing was less likely in nonwhite patients (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92 to 0.98).ConclusionsCompliance is suboptimal, varying with patient age, race, and EMT‐P presence. Testing increases when antiepileptic drugs are used. Hypoglycemia in tested patients was infrequent; however, proper treatment for hypoglycemic seizures will not be delivered if testing does not occur. It is worthwhile examining the utility of routine testing in this setting; however, until such time as protocols are revised, regional EMS administration should focus on education and uniform compliance with state protocols.
Heavy drinking in adolescents is associated with change in brainstem microstructure and reward sensitivity
Authors: Galinowski André , Miranda Ruben , Lemaitre Hervé , Artiges Eric , Paillère Martinot Marie‐Laure , Filippi Irina , Penttilä Jani , Grimmer Yvonne , van Noort Betteke M. , Stringaris Argyris , Becker Andreas , Isensee Corinna , Struve Maren , Fadai Tahmine , Kappel Viola , Goodman Robert , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L.W. , Bromberg Uli , Brühl Rüdiger , Büchel Christian , Cattrell Anna , Conrod Patricia , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Fröhner Juliane H. , Frouin Vincent , Gallinat Juergen , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Hohmann Sarah , Jurk Sarah , Millenet Sabina , Nees Frauke , Papadopoulos‐Orfanos Dimitri , Poustka Luise , Quinlan Erin Burke , Smolka Michael N. , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Martinot Jean‐Luc ,   for the IMAGEN Consortium
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe cortical‐cerebellar circuit is vulnerable to heavy drinking (HD) in adults. We hypothesized early microstructural modifications of the pons/midbrain region, containing core structures of the reward system, in HD adolescents. Thirty‐two otherwise symptom‐free HDs at age 14 (HD14) and 24 abstainers becoming HDs at age 16 (HD16) were identified in the community with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and compared with abstainers. The monetary incentive delay (MID) task assessed reward‐sensitive performance. Voxelwise statistics of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) values in the thalamo‐ponto‐mesencephalic region were obtained using tract‐based spatial statistics. Projections between the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) were identified by probabilistic tractography. Lower fraction of anisotropy and higher radial diffusivity (RD) values were detected in the upper dorsal pons of HD14 adolescents, and a trend for higher RD in HD16, compared with abstainers. When expecting reward, HD14 had higher MID task success scores than abstainers, and success scores were higher with a lower number of tracts in all adolescents. In symptom‐free community adolescents, a region of lower white matter (WM) integrity in the pons at age 14 was associated with current HD and predicted HD at age 16. HD was related to reward sensitivity.
Difficult airway management algorithms: a directed review
Authors: Edelman D. A. , Perkins E. J. , Brewster D. J. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe primary aim of this study was to identify, describe and compare the content of existing difficult airway management algorithms. Secondly, we aimed to describe the literature reporting the implementation of these algorithms. A directed search across three databases (MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus) was performed. All articles were screened for relevance to the research aims and according to pre‐determined exclusion criteria. We identified 38 published airway management algorithms. Our results show that most facemask employ a four‐step process as represented by a flow chart, with progression from tracheal intubation, facemask ventilation and supraglottic airway device use, to a rescue emergency surgical airway. The identified algorithms are overwhelmingly similar, yet many use differing terminology. The frequency of algorithm publication has increased recently, yet adherence and implementation outcome data remain limited. Our results highlight the lack of a single algorithm that is universally endorsed, recognised and applicable to all difficult airway management situations.
Adverse obstetric outcomes among female childhood and adolescent cancer survivors in Sweden: A population‐based matched cohort study
Authors: Armuand Gabriela , Skoog Svanberg Agneta , Bladh Marie , Sydsjö Gunilla 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionCancer treatment during childhood may lead to late adverse effects, such as reduced musculoskeletal development or vascular, endocrine and pulmonary dysfunction, which in turn may have an adverse effect on later pregnancy and childbirth. The aim of the present study was to investigate pregnancy and obstetric outcomes as well as the offspring's health among childhood and adolescent female cancer survivors.Material and methodsThis register‐based study included all women born between 1973 and 1977 diagnosed with cancer in childhood or adolescence (age <21), as well as an age‐matched comparison group. A total of 278 female cancer survivors with their first childbirth were included in the study, together with 829 age‐matched individuals from the general population. Logistic regression and analysis of variance were used to investigate associations between having been treated for cancer and the outcome variables, adjusting for maternal age, nicotine use and comorbidity.ResultsSurvivors were more likely to have preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58 to 7.56), undergo induction of labor (aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.62), suffer labor dystocia (primary labor dystocia aOR 3.54, 95% CI 1.51 to 8.34 and secondary labor dystocia aOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.37 to 4.31), malpresentation of fetus (aOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.65) and imminent fetal asphyxia (aOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.49 to 4.39). In addition, deliveries among survivors were more likely to end with vacuum extraction (aOR 2.53, 95% CI 1.44 to 4.47), with higher risk of clitoral lacerations (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.23) and anal sphincter injury (aOR 2.76, 95% CI 1.14 to 6.70) and emergency cesarean section (aOR 2.34 95% CI 1.39 to 3.95). Survivors used pain‐reliving methods to a higher extent compared with the comparison group. There was no increased risk of neonate diagnoses and malformations. The results showed that survivors who had been diagnosed with cancer when they were younger than 14 had an increased risk of adverse obstetric outcomes.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates increased risk of pregnancy and childbirth complications among childhood and adolescent cancer survivors. There is a need to optimize perinatal care, especially among survivors who were younger than 14 at time of diagnosis.
Gatekeeping Japan's Dual Civil Society: Semiotic Ideology inTōjishaTalk
Authors: Hasegawa Yuka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article studies the discussions that took place at a lifelong learning course in Yokohama city, Japan, on the topic oftōjisha, or subjects who might utilize the part of the city that was intended for commercial‐residential mixed‐use zoning. I examine how the course facilitators mediated the tōjisha talk using a semiotic ideology by instructing the discussants to list potential figures who might publicize the city by performatively enacting their citizenship using public spaces and exchanging symbolic artifacts in the city. This demonstrates how the male facilitators exercised their power to produce tōjisha as human capital that markets the city, which resulted in a breach in the gendered division of labor that historically produced and used public spaces for self‐cultivation and community development. I argue that a bourgeois, masculinist public sphere acts as a gatekeeper of Japan's dual civil society, by mediating the subjectivization of individuals through lifelong learning.
Comment on Phylogenetic analyses with four new Cretaceous bristletails reveal inter‐relationships of Archaeognatha and Gondwana origin of Meinertellidae
Authors: Montagna Matteo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractArchaeognatha (Machilida plus †Monura), with ~450 extant species worldwide, represent a key lineage for the understanding of insect evolution. In a recently published phylogenetic analysis on Archaeognatha, based on a total‐evidence approach, a Machilidae key fossil (Gigamachilis triassicus) from the Middle Triassic Lagerstätte of Monte San Giorgio and a representative of †Monura (Dasyleptus triassicus) from the same fossiliferous site, were not considered. In the present study, the phylogenetic analyses performed by Zhang et al. (2018) using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference were repeated including these two key taxa; in addition, Tricholepidion gertschi and Lepisma saccharina were included as representatives of Zygentoma. In the total‐evidence Bayesian analysis, †Monura was found to be paraphyletic, whereas in the maximum parsimony analysis, performed only on morphological characters, they were monophyletic. Moreover, the attribution of G. triassicus to Machilidae is now confirmed by these analyses, indicating that members of the extant group of Machilidae were already present in the Middle Triassic, at least ~100 Myr before the previous estimate.
Multiobjective fuzzy mathematical model for a financially constrained closed‐loop supply chain with labor employment
Authors: Goli Alireza , Zare Hasan Khademi , Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam Reza , Sadegheih Ahmad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the multiobjective, multiproducts and multiperiod closed‐loop supply chain network design with uncertain parameters, whose aim is to incorporate the financial flow as the cash flow and debts' constraints and labor employment under fuzzy uncertainty. The objectives of the proposed mathematical model are to maximize the increase in cash flow, maximize the total created jobs in the supply chain, and maximize the reliability of consumed raw materials. To encounter the fuzzy uncertainty in this model, a possibilistic programming approach is used. To solve large‐sized problems, the multiobjective simulated annealing algorithm, multiobjective gray wolf optimization, and multiobjective invasive weed optimization are proposed and developed. The numerical results demonstrate that these algorithms solve the problems within about 1% of the required solving time for the augmented ε‐constraint and have similar performance and even better in some cases. The multiobjective simulated annealing algorithm with a weak performance takes less time than the other two algorithms. The multiobjective gray wolf optimization and multiobjective invasive weed optimization algorithms are superior based on the multiobjective performance indices.
Clinical Pharmacology‐Driven Translational Research to Optimize Bedside Therapeutics of Sotalol Therapy
Authors: Dahmane Elyes , Tang Kathy , Gobburu Jogarao V.S. , Mattingly T. Joseph , Reed Brent N. , See Vincent Y. , Ayres Joshuha , Ivaturi Vijay 
Published: July 2019

Oral sotalol, used in adults for sinus rhythm control, is initiated at 80 mg b.i.d. and titrated to a maximum safe dose. The US Food and Drug Administration recommends monitoring the corrected QT interval (QTc) for at least 3 days, until steady‐state exposure of the drug is reached, before patient discharge, which can significantly impact the total cost of treatment. The objectives of this research were to design an accelerated intravenous sotalol loading and maintenance therapy that will reduce the hospital length of stay and to also evaluate the pharmacoeconomic impact in a hospital setting. Pharmacokinetic simulations of sotalol plasma concentrations vs. times profiles were performed to determine the optimal intravenous/oral transition regimen. A cost minimization analysis from the health sector perspective was conducted to assess the cost savings for these proposed accelerated regimens. For a chosen target dose of 120 mg b.i.d., two infusions of 40 mg over 1 hour and 20 mg over 0.5 hour, each followed up by an evaluation of QTc, can be administered followed immediately by the target oral maintenance dose of 120 mg at the end of the second infusion. Consequently, steady‐state exposure and, therefore, steady‐state QTc are obtained on the first day of therapy, facilitating an earlier hospital discharge. Two and 1‐day mean total cost of −$3,123 (95% confidence interval (CI), −$3,640, −$2,607) −$4,820 (95% CI, −$5,352, −$4,288) were observed for this strategy, respectively. We are proposing an intravenous to oral transition strategy for sotalol that has the potential to significantly reduce cost and increase patient convenience.
Spatial gradients in country‐level population trends of European birds
Authors: Hanzelka Jan , Horká Petra , Reif Jiří 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimPopulation trends reflect influence of environmental drivers acting upon species' population dynamics. As the strength of this influence may change predictably in space, we test multiple hypotheses about spatial gradients in the effects of environmental drivers on bird population trends across the continent.LocationEurope.MethodsWe used country‐level population trends for 249 bird species in 32 European countries. For each species, we expressed values of 12 traits which mirror the influence of major environmental drivers: climate change, land‐use change and change in environmental legislation. We related these traits to population trends using generalized additive mixed models and tested for the presence of spatial gradients by including the interaction of countries' geographic position with four of these traits for which we hypothesized spatial patterns in relationships to trends.ResultsSpecies listed for the longest time under Annex I of the EU's Birds Directive had increasingly positive trends towards the north‐west, but an indication of the opposite pattern was found for shorter‐listed species. Cold‐adapted species had increasingly negative trends towards the North and especially the north‐west, whereas the trends of the warm‐adapted species were generally positive and increased in northern direction. Spatial gradients in trends were weaker for the habitat niche position with forest species having positive trends in North‐Eastern Europe and open‐habitat species having negative trends in the Westernmost edge of the continent.Main conclusionsThe influence of all major hypothesized drivers varies across Europe. Climate change impacts are probably most detrimental in North‐Western Europe for the Arctic and upland birds, whereas the warm‐adapted species may benefit from these changes at the same time. The differences in the enforcement of environmental legislation among countries are a likely driver of the spatial patterns for the Annex I species, whereas the unification of land‐use intensity may be the cause of relatively weak patterns in the habitat niche effects.
In vitroevaluation of plants as storage media for avulsed teeth: A systematic review
Authors: Resende Kêmelly Karolliny Moreira , Faria Geovanna Pascoal , Longo Daniele Lucca , Martins Lázara Joyce Oliveira , Costa Cláudio Rodrigues Rezende 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsDental avulsion is defined as the complete displacement of a tooth from its socket owing to trauma. The treatment outcome depends on storage of the avulsed teeth in media capable of maintaining the viability of periodontal ligament cells, when immediate replantation is not possible. To maintain the viability of periodontal ligament cells, plants can be used as a storage medium because of their pharmacological and phytotherapic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of plants on the tissue repair following tooth replantation.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and included articles collected in the Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases, plus articles found in the grey literature. The articles were screened for partial reading using the Endnote and Rayyan platform. The methodology of studies was evaluated by using the OHAT and GRADE.ResultsIn the initial search, 2361 articles were obtained, only 51 articles were submitted to complete reading, and 35 articles were selected for the qualitative analysis. The evaluated plants had a potential effect on cell viability and proliferation. The articles evaluated mainly the action of plants on cells of the periodontal ligament. Propolis, coconut water and Aloe vera were the most common storage medium.ConclusionThe methodological limitations persist, and the evaluation of the pharmacological potential of plants on dental tissues still requires more research.
Can school centralization foster human capital accumulation? A quasi‐experiment from early twentieth‐century Italy
Authors: Cappelli Gabriele , Vasta Michelangelo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article shows that a shift towards a more centralized school system can benefit countries that are characterized by poor levels of human capital and large regional disparities in education. In 1911, Italy moved from a fully decentralized primary school system towards centralization through the Daneo‐Credaro Reform. The design of the Reform allows us to compare treated municipalities with those that retained school autonomy. Our quasi‐experiment, based on propensity score matching (PSM), shows that centralization substantially increased the pace of human capital accumulation. Treated municipalities were characterized by a 0.43 percentage‐point premium on the average annual growth of literacy between 1911 and 1921. We discuss some of the channels through which the new legislation affected primary schooling and literacy, with important implications for long‐term economic growth.
The effect of primary education teachers on the formation of pupil citizenship
Authors: Lukšik Ivan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDecreasing levels of civic participation and political engagement are generating an interest in citizenship and citizenship education. New forms of citizenship education which go beyond traditional instruction on political institutions are being sought, such as “democratic citizenship education”, “education of, for and through democracy” and “teaching democracy”. One area which has been little investigated is primary school teachers and citizenship education. This article reports on questionnaire‐based research among Slovak teachers that shows great variety in the focus of citizenship education. Teachers emphasised national pride as well as multicultural, global, regional and human rights aspects and the common good of an entity. The connections between teacher focus on citizenship education, the curricular framework, models of citizenship education and generational differences are all discussed.
Signs of stabilisation and stable coexistence
Authors: Broekman Maarten J. E. , Muller‐Landau Helene C. , Visser Marco D. , Jongejans Eelke , Wright S. J. , de Kroon Hans 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany empirical studies motivated by an interest in stable coexistence have quantified negative density dependence, negative frequency dependence, or negative plant–soil feedback, but the links between these empirical results and ecological theory are not straightforward. Here, we relate these analyses to theoretical conditions for stabilisation and stable coexistence in classical competition models. By stabilisation, we mean an excess of intraspecific competition relative to interspecific competition that inherently slows or even prevents competitive exclusion. We show that most, though not all, tests demonstrating negative density dependence, negative frequency dependence, and negative plant–soil feedback constitute sufficient conditions for stabilisation of two‐species interactions if applied to data for per capita population growth rates of pairs of species, but none are necessary or sufficient conditions for stable coexistence of two species. Potential inferences are even more limited when communities involve more than two species, and when performance is measured at a single life stage or vital rate. We then discuss two approaches that enable stronger tests for stable coexistence‐invasibility experiments and model parameterisation. The model parameterisation approach can be applied to typical density‐dependence, frequency‐dependence, and plant–soil feedback data sets, and generally enables better links with mechanisms and greater insights, as demonstrated by recent studies.
Supratentorial arachnoid cysts and seizures/epilepsy: A population study in community dwellers aged ≥20 years
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Kiernan Jaydon , Castle Paul , Zambrano Mauricio , Sedler Mark J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLiterature on the association between arachnoid cysts and seizures/epilepsy is inconsistent, and most series have been flawed due to recruitment bias. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of supratentorial arachnoid cysts (SACs) in Atahualpa residents aged ≥20 years, and to estimate whether these lesions were associated with seizures/epilepsy. A total of 1157 individuals were included. Computed tomography revealed SACs in 25 individuals (2.2%). Most had middle cranial fossa SACs (n = 19). Recurrent nonprovoked seizures were diagnosed in 28 individuals and a single seizure in 4. Only 1 of 25 (4%) individuals with SACs had seizures/epilepsy as opposed to 31 of 1132 (2.7%) who did not have SACs (P = 0.508). A logistic regression model showed no association between SACs and seizures/epilepsy, after taking into account the effect of relevant confounders (odds ratio [OR] 1.71; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.22‐13.3; P = 0.607). This study provides evidence of lack of association between SACs and seizures/epilepsy.