bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recyclable Robust Plastic Scintillation Resin Achieving the Exceptional Separation and Detection of Technetium‐99
Authors: Liu Tonghuan , Hu Yichen , Yang Junqiang , Hu Kesheng , Qi Bei , Zhou Yun , Tong Juan , Wang Man , Huang Liang , Shi Keliang , Hou Xiaolin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRapid detection and absorption of 99TcO4⁻ contamination in the environment are critical due to its high radioactivity, long half‐life, and significant environmental mobility. Resins have been demonstrated effective bifunctional properties for both the detection and separation of 99TcO4⁻. However, the poor stability of these compounds limits their practical application. Here, a chemical grafting strategy is presented to synthesize ultra‐stable plastic scintillation resin, in which 4‐vinylpyridine and divinylbenzene are cross‐linked as matrix polymer to withstand extreme conditions and a fluorophore “shield” to convert beta radiation into detectable signals. As expected, the as‐obtained resin exhibits a high adsorption capacity of 549.2 mg g⁻¹ for 99TcO4⁻ with a rapid kinetic response of just 10 min as well as superior selectivity at 1000 times excess of interfering ions and full reusability. Moreover, it showed remarkable stability under 800 kGy, 3.0 mol L−1 HNO3 or 2.5 L solution continuous leaching, consistently maintaining high separation and detection efficiency after recycling 10 times. This strategy paves a new way to develop stable resin for the rapid capture and accurate measurement of 99TcO4⁻, which owns great potential for practical application.
Vapor–liquid phase equilibrium prediction for mixtures of binary systems using graph neural networks
Authors: Sun Jinke , Xue Jianfei , Yang Guangyu , Li Jingde , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVapor–liquid phase equilibrium (VLE) plays a crucial role in chemical process design, process equipment control, and experimental process simulation. However, experimental acquisition of VLE data is a challenging and complex task. As an alternative to experimentation, VLE data prediction offers great convenience and utility. In this article, an artificial intelligence network is proposed to predict the temperature and the vapor phase composition of binary mixtures. We constructed a graph neural network (GNN) and designed an uncertainty‐aware learning and inference mechanism (UALF) in the prediction process. The model was tested on both a self‐constructed dataset and a publicly available dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reveals the phase equilibrium properties of the target data. This work presents a novel approach for predicting vapor–liquid phase equilibrium in binary systems and proposes innovative ideas for investigating phase equilibrium mechanisms and principles.
Structural changes in Nelumbo flower petals during opening and closing
Authors: Ishizuna Fumiko , Yo Ukin , Yoshimura Natsumi , Shirai Atsushi , Aono Toshihiro , Tsutsumi Nobuhiro , Arimura Shin‐Ichi , Takanashi Hideki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPremiseNelumbo nucifera is one of several plant species with flowers that typically open in the early morning and close by noon. This movement normally repeats for 3 days, with all petals falling off on day 4. However, detailed observations of flower movement in Nelumbo species are limited.MethodsMovement of flowers on plants in growth chambers were observed using time‐lapse photography. Petals were examined with scanning electron microscopy or fixed and sectioned for light microscopy to determine whether changes in cell size contribute to petal elongation during flowering.ResultsThis study is the first to microscopically observe petal cells of a Nelumbo species during flowering in controlled conditions. Petals elongated during the 4‐day flowering period. Inner petals were more elongated than the outer petals. Among the basal, central, and tip regions of a single petal, the cells in the basal region enlarged the most. Outer and inner epidermal cells in the basal region of the inner petals, on both adaxial and abaxial sides, gradually enlarged during the flowering period through cycles of repeated increases as the petals opened and decreases as they closed.ConclusionsPetals opened and closed repeatedly as they elongated, primarily in their basal region. Cells in the basal region of the petal on the adaxial and abaxial sides periodically fluctuated in size, increased during flower opening and decreased during closing, but differences in these patterns were observed between the two sides, suggesting that one of the driving forces behind the opening and closing of flowers of Nelumbo species is the increase and decrease in the size of the petal cells.
Adherence to balanced transfusion among severely injured patients: A post hoc analysis of the RESTRIC trial
Authors: Aoki Makoto , Fukushima Kazunori , Hayakawa Mineji , Kudo Daisuke , Tagami Takashi , Oshima Kiyohiro , Kushimoto Shigeki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimA balanced transfusion strategy has been a standard resuscitation method for trauma patients, and adherence to a massive transfusion protocol incorporating balanced transfusion is reported to reduce mortality. This study aimed to assess adherence to balanced transfusion among severely injured patients in Japan.MethodsThis study analyzes RESTRIC (restrictive transfusion strategy for critically injured patients) trial patients who were cluster‐randomized based on restrictive or liberal transfusion strategy. We defined two transfusion groups: massive transfusion group 1, which includes RBC transfusions of at least eight units within 6 h; and massive transfusion group 2, which includes RBC transfusions of at least 20 units within 24 h. Adherence to balanced transfusion was assessed as the ratios of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to red blood cells (RBC) and platelet concentrate (PC) to RBC ratio >0.5.ResultsAmong 220 eligible patients, 98 (44.5%) were grouped as massive transfusion group 1 and 38 (17.3%) as massive transfusion group 2. The balanced transfusion in terms of the FFP to RBC ratio was nearly 100% for groups 1 and 2 over all periods. However, the balanced transfusion in terms of the PC to RBC ratio within 6 h were 51.0% for group 1 and 68.4% for group 2.ConclusionThis study revealed that while the ratio of FFP to RBC was balanced among patients from the early phase, the ratio of PC to RBC was not fully balanced, particularly in the early phase.
Photoinduced Bartoli Indole Synthesis by the Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes with Nitro(hetero)arenes
Authors: Qin Hongyun , Liu Ruihua , Wang Zemin , Xu Feng , Li Xiaowei , Shi Cong , Chen Jiashu , Shan Wenlong , Liu Chao , Xing Pan , Zhu Jiqiang , Li Xiangqian , Shi Dayong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiven the unique charm of dipole chemistry, intercepting N−O=C dipoles precisely generated by designed processes to develop novel reactivity has become a seminal challenge. The polar fragmentation of 1,3,2‐dioxazolidine species generated through the radical addition of excited nitro(hetero)arenes to alkenes represents a significantly underappreciated mechanism for generating N−O=C dipoles. Herein, we present a photoinduced Bartoli indole synthesis by the oxidative cleavage of alkenes with nitro(hetero)arenes. Various indoles and azaindoles are constructed through the multi‐step spontaneous rearrangement of carbonyl imine intermediates generated by the polar fragmentation of 1,3,2‐dioxazolidine species. Mechanism studies and DFT calculations support that the reaction involves radical cycloaddition, ozonolysis‐type cycloreversion, intramolecular H‐shift of carbonyl imines, and 3,3‐sigmatropic shift of O‐Alkenyl hydroxylamines, etc. The implementation of continuous‐ flow photochemistry, in particular, significantly enhances efficiency, thereby overcoming obstacles to the commercialization process.
Tetrahedral DNA Framework‐Based Spherical Nucleic Acids for Efficient siRNA Delivery
Authors: Li Jie , Mao Xiuhai , Zhao Tiantian , Fang Weina , Jin Yangyang , Liu Mengmeng , Fan Chunhai , Tian Yang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpherical nucleic acids (SNAs) hold substantial therapeutic potential for the delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Nevertheless, their potential remains largely untapped due to the challenges of cytosolic delivery. Inspired by the dynamic, spiky architecture of coronavirus, an interface engineering approach based on a tetrahedral DNA framework (tDF) is demonstrated for the development of coronavirus‐mimicking SNAs. By exploiting their robustness and precise construction, tDFs are evenly arranged on the surface of core nanoparticles (NPs) with flexible conformations, generating a dynamic, spiky architecture. This spiky architecture in tetrahedral DNA framework‐based SNAs (tDF‐SNAs) substantially improve siRNAs duplex efficiency from 20 % to 95 %. Meanwhile, tDF‐SNAs changed the endocytosis pathway to clathrin‐independent cellular engulfment pathway and enhanced the cellular uptake efficiency. Due to these advances, the delivery efficiency of siRNA molecules by tDF‐SNAs is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of SNAs, resulting in a 2‐fold increase in gene silencing efficacy. These results show promise in the development of bioinspired siRNAs delivery systems for intracellular applications.
Tuning Proton Affinity on Co−N−C Atomic Interface to Disentangle Activity‐Selectivity Trade‐off in Acidic Oxygen Reduction to H2O2
Authors: Chen Shanyong , Luo Tao , Wang Jingyu , Xiang Jiaqi , Li Xiaoqing , Ma Chao , Kao Cheng‐wei , Chan Ting‐Shan , Liu You‐Nian , Liu Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn oxygen reduction reaction to H2O2 via two‐electron pathway (2e− ORR), adsorption strength of oxygen‐containing intermediates determines both catalytic activity and selectivity. However, it also causes activity‐selectivity trade‐off. Herein, we propose a novel strategy through modulating the interaction between protons and *OOH intermediates to break the activity‐selectivity trade‐off for highly active and selective 2e− ORR. Taking the typical cobalt–nitrogen–carbon single‐atom catalyst as an example, boron heteroatoms doped into second coordination sphere of CoN4 (Co1‐NBC) increase proton affinity on catalyst surface, facilitating proton attack on the former oxygen of *OOH and thereby promoting H2O2 formation. As a result, Co1‐NBC simultaneously achieves prominent 2e− ORR activity and selectivity in acid with onset potential of 0.724 V vs. RHE and H2O2 selectivity of 94 %, surpassing most reported catalysts. Furthermore, Co1‐NBC exhibits a remarkable H2O2 productivity of 202.7 mg cm−2 h−1 and a remarkable stability of 60 h at 200 mA cm−2 in flow cell. This work provides new insights into resolving activity‐selectivity trade‐off in electrocatalysis.
Early Detection of High‐Altitude Hypoxic Brain Injury by In Vivo Electrochemistry
Authors: Li Xinru , Zhu Boyu , Dong Nuo , Zhao Ziyi , Cao Jiayi , Zhou Lin , Gao Zhigang , Su Bin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh‐altitude hypoxic brain injury (HHBI) is a kind of acute mountain sickness and the survival rate of patients with HHBI can be improved only if it is detected and treated at the early stage. However, limited by speediness and accuracy, it is still very difficult for most of current approaches to realize the early detection of HHBI. We propose herein a novel strategy for this goal based on spatiotemporal changes in the brain oxygen level. As revealed by in vivo electrochemistry, the characteristic changes of brain oxygen level under the high‐altitude exposure are directly associated with the brain hypoxia status. Given brain hypoxia is the main pathogenesis of HHBI, the degree of HHBI can be diagnosed by the variation of brain oxygen, making the early detection of HHBI feasible. In addition, the risk of HHBI for mouse exposed to high‐altitude hypoxia environments can be also prognosed days in advance.
Localized Water Restriction in Ternary Eutectic Electrolytes for Ultra‐Low Temperature Hydrogen Batteries
Authors: Li Ziyue , Lin Yuxiao , Ruan Jiafeng , Liao Mochou , Wang Fengmei , Jiang Ruohan , Qu Xuelian , Li Qin , Yang Jinyu , Li Xinjie , Zhang Zihao , Li Yunsong , Sun Dalin , Fang Fang , Wang Fei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProton batteries are promising candidates for next‐generation large‐scale energy storage in extreme conditions due to the small ionic radius and efficient transport of protons. Hydrogen gas, with its low working potentials, fast kinetics, and stability, further enhances the performance of proton batteries but necessitates the development of novel electrolytes with low freezing points and reduced corrosion. This work introduces a localized water restriction strategy by incorporating a tertiary component with a high donor number, which forms strong bonds with water molecules. This approach restricts free water molecules and reduces the average hydrogen bond ratio and strength. As‐prepared ternary eutectic electrolytes lowered the freezing point to −103 °C, significantly lower than the traditional binary electrolyte (9.5 m H3PO4, −93 °C). This electrolyte is highly compatible with the Cu0.79Co0.21[Fe(CN)6]0.64 ⋅ 4H2O (CoCuHCF) cathode, reducing material dissolution and current collector corrosion. The H2||CoCuHCF battery using this electrolyte demonstrated a high‐power density of 23664.3 W kg−1, excellent performance at −80 °C, and stable cyclability over 1000 cycles (>30 days) at −50 °C. These findings provide a framework for proton electrolytes, highlighting the potential of hydrogen batteries in challenging environments.
Pd/UiO‐66(Zr)‐2OH as a High‐Performance Catalyst for Hydrogen‐Enhanced Fenton Oxidation of Trimethoprim
Authors: Chen Qin‐Qin , Shen Xin‐Hao , Wang Yun‐Dong , Gao Ying , Liu Feng , Wu Jian‐Hua , Wang Xiao‐Wen , Jin Long , Ma San‐Jian , Li Juan‐Hong , Lin Zi‐Xia , Yang Hong‐Wei , Liu Xin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA novel catalyst material named Pd/UiO‐66(Zr)‐2OH was successfully developed and applied in a hydrogen‐promoted Fenton system for the efficient catalytic oxidation of the widely used antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP). The UiO‐66(Zr)‐2OH, as the carrier of catalyst in this work, was synthesized through a solvothermal method. The Pd0 nanoparticle, as the active center of the catalyst, was loaded onto its surface by the “ship‐in‐a‐bottle” strategy. The results showed that the composite Pd/UiO‐66(Zr)‐2OH demonstrated excellent catalytic performance during the reaction, achieving over 97% of TMP removal efficiency within 180 min under optimal conditions under the condition of only trace of iron without adding H2O2. This may be attributed to the fact that the [H], as a clean and efficient reducing agent, can be utilized to accelerate the regeneration of Fe2+ in the Fenton reaction, as well as in the in‐situ regeneration of H2O2. The key parameters affecting the removal efficiency of TMP, including the initial pH and concentration of Fe2+, the dosage of the synthesized material, the flow rate of H2 and the stirring speed were investigated systematically. The Pd/UiO‐66(Zr)‐2OH exhibited high stability and reusability, maintaining over 82% of its initial degradation efficiency of TMP after six reaction cycles. The mechanistic insight revealed that the system primarily relied on the generation of hydroxyl radical (·OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) for the degradation of TMP, which was verified through quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR). The degradation pathway of TMP was elucidated by analyzing intermediates and the reduction in total organic carbon (TOC). This research offers novel conceptual insights into the evolution and application of advanced oxidation technologies, efficient degradation of emerging pollutants, and expansion of pathways for hydrogen resource utilization.
Fibrous‐biocomposites scaffold of natural rubber with bioactive glass–ceramic particles obtained by solution blowing spinning
Authors: Lima Luiz Rogério Monteiro , Vilches José Luiz , Caetano Guilherme Ferreira , Silva Lais Dantas , Soares Viviane Oliveira , dos Santos Renivaldo José , Sanches Alex Otávio , Malmonge José Antônio , Yarin Alexander L. , Silva Michael Jones 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBioactive glass‐ceramics (BGs) are widely used in clinical applications due to their excellent biodynamic and biological properties, though their low mechanical strength limits their use in load‐bearing contexts. This study aimed to develop fibrous biocomposite scaffolds based on natural rubber (NR) reinforced with BG particles, such as biosilicato (BioS) and 45S5‐K (BL0), to improve tensile strength, biocompatibility, and bioactivity for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering. Morphological, tensile, thermal, and biological tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of BG particles on the NR fibrous matrix. TG/DTG analysis revealed similar decomposition profiles for NR/BioS and NR/BL0 biocomposites compared to NR mats, with primary degradation occurring in the 290–450°C range. Tensile tests demonstrated that the addition of 30 mass% BioS or BL0 enhanced the ultimate tensile strength (σbreak) of the NR matrix from 1.44 ± 0.08 to 3.38 ± 1.31 MPa (NR/BioS) and 1.97 ± 0.53 MPa (NR/BL0). The Cole–Cole plot indicated system heterogeneity and strong NR‐BG particle interactions. Cytotoxicity tests revealed over 70% MSC viability for NR, NR/BioS, and NR/BL0 biocomposites, meeting ISO 10993‐5:2009 standards. These findings suggest that incorporating BioS and BL0 enhances the mechanical and biological properties of NR‐based scaffolds, making them suitable for biomedical applications, such as bone regeneration.
A Computational Mechanistic Study on Copper Autoreduction in Cu‐CHA Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Wen Miao , Liu Zhuyang , Liu Chong , Zhuang Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe activation of Cu‐zeolite catalysts is accompanied by an autoreduction reaction, in which a part of Cu(II) species is spontaneously reduced to Cu(I) species. The stoichiometry of autoreduction in which the release of one O2 is accompanied by the reduction of four Cu(II) to Cu(I) has been proposed, but the detailed mechanism of this autoreduction remains unclear. In this work, we used DFT calculations to study the autoreduction mechanism in Cu‐CHA zeolites. The two reduction mechanisms of [CuOH]+ to Cu+ in CHA‐type zeolite were systematically studied. In Mechanism I, two [CuOH]+ react via dehydration to form [Cu−O−Cu]2+, and the further reaction of two [Cu−O−Cu]2+ to produce O2 is the most critical step, which requires four charge‐compensating framework Al in close proximity. In Mechanism II, the production of O2 occurs via [CuO]+ intermediates, and the generation of possible [CuO]+ is the most critical step. The exploration of autoreduction reactions in a variety of Cu‐CHA models with different Al sittings shows that the O−O distances between two intermediate precursors, i. e., two [Cu−O−Cu]2+ in Mechanism I, or two [CuO]+ in Mechanism II, are key factors determining the activation barriers of O2 production during autoreduction.
N, P Co‐Doped Hard Carbon Anodes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Enhanced Capacity Retention and Cycle Stability
Authors: Zheng Penglun , Wu Jing , Zhao Haihan , Li Junwei , Liu Zhihong , Zheng Yun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCompared to the traditional graphite anode, heteroatom‐doped polymer carbon materials have high capacity retention due to their high porosity and porous structure. Therefore, they have great potential for application in lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anodes. In this work, an N, P co‐doped precursor polymer material (MBPp), synthesized via a one‐pot method using bisphenol‐A (C‐source), melamine (N‐source), and 9,10‐Dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (P‐source). The resulting N, P‐co‐doped hard carbon materials (MBPs) were prepared at various pyrolysis temperatures, yielding microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous structures. MBP materials demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance as LIB anodes. Notably, MBP‐900 achieved a reversible capacity of 262 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 (in 0.005–2.0 V voltage range) with a capacity retention rate of 97.1 % after 1000 cycles. These findings highlight the significance of MBP materials, which possess numerous defects, large layer gaps, and excellent cycle stability, in advancing the development of polymer anode materials for LIBs.
Correlation Between Radio Loudness and the Eddington Ratio in Quasars
Authors: Shen Jing‐Jing , Zeng Xiang‐Tao , Huang Wei‐Rong , Tang Ze‐Yuan , Fan Jun‐Hui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTQuasars can be categorized into radio‐loud and radio‐quiet populations based on radio properties. The physical mechanisms underlying this dichotomy have long been an active area of investigation. In this work, we analyze multi‐wavelength data from 851 quasars matched between the SDSS DR14 and FIRST catalogs, requiring emission line measurements with signal‐to‐noise ratios > 3, we fit quasar optical continuum spectra and compute the radio loudness, luminosities, and Eddington ratios. We classify quasars as radio‐loud or radio‐quiet using a dividing line of . We find that the distribution of the Eddington ratio and radio luminosity is different between the radio‐loud and radio‐quiet quasars, and the correlation between the Eddington ratio and radio loudness is disparate as well. The Eddington ratio shows a weakly positive correlation with radio loudness in both the whole sample and radio‐loud quasars, which imply that the Eddington ratio contributes to the radio loudness but it is not the dominant factor and that additional factors influence relativistic jet production in radio‐loud quasars. However, the Eddington ratio is anti‐correlated with radio loudness in radio‐quiet quasars, potentially related to the properties of the accretion disk.
Wood‐inspired High Ionic Conductivity Hydrogel Electrolytes for Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Gao Chenxiang , Liu Yue , Zhang Jiuzhou , Li Hui , Liu Yang , Gu Jiyou , Ma Tianyi , Huo Pengfei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHydrogel is a promising electrolyte substrate, but its ionic conductivity needs further improvement. In this paper, we propose a strategy to improve the ionic conductivity of hydrogels with flexible wood and fabricate a flexible wood‐based poly(acrylic acid‐acrylamide) composite hydrogel electrolyte (WHE) by delignification and in‐situ polymerization. The flexible wood as a porous backbone for hydrogels can regulate ion transport pathways to improve the ionic conductivity of hydrogels. The straight pores of wood confine the transport of electrolyte ions along the shortest path, resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 3.0×10−2 S cm−1, which is great in composite polymer electrolytes. We have systematically investigated the effect of the degree of delignification and the polymerization process on the overall performance of the electrolyte. The optimized supercapacitor exhibits a specific capacitance of 155.64 F g−1 and an energy density of 7.45 W h kg−1. The WHE is applied to flexible supercapacitor, which exhibits good flexibility under bending conditions and can maintain similar electrochemical performance at a wide range of bending angles. This work provides an effective strategy for the efficient use of wood resources and the development of low‐cost, environmentally friendly, and high‐performance hydrogel electrolyte materials.