bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waveguide effects and implications for cardiac magnetic resonance elastography: A finite element study
Authors: Manduca A. , Rossman T.L. , Lake D.S. , Glaser K.J. , Arani A. , Arunachalam S.P. , Rossman P.J. , Trzasko J.D. , Ehman R.L. , Dragomir‐Daescu D. , Araoz P.A. 
Published: August 2018

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is increasingly being applied to thin or small structures in which wave propagation is dominated by waveguide effects, which can substantially bias stiffness results with common processing approaches. The purpose of this work was to investigate the importance of such biases and artifacts on MRE inversion results in: (i) various idealized 2D and 3D geometries with one or more dimensions that are small relative to the shear wavelength; and (ii) a realistic cardiac geometry. Finite element models were created using simple 2D geometries as well as a simplified and a realistic 3D cardiac geometry, and simulated displacements acquired by MRE from harmonic excitations from 60 to 220 Hz across a range of frequencies. The displacement wave fields were inverted with direct inversion of the Helmholtz equation with and without the application of bandpass filtering and/or the curl operator to the displacement field. In all geometries considered, and at all frequencies considered, strong biases and artifacts were present in inversion results when the curl operator was not applied. Bandpass filtering without the curl was not sufficient to yield accurate recovery. In the 3D geometries, strong biases and artifacts were present in 2D inversions even when the curl was applied, while only 3D inversions with application of the curl yielded accurate recovery of the complex shear modulus. These results establish that taking the curl of the wave field and performing a full 3D inversion are both necessary steps for accurate estimation of the shear modulus both in simple thin‐walled or small structures and in a realistic cardiac geometry when using simple inversions that neglect the hydrostatic pressure term. In practice, sufficient wave amplitude, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and resolution will be required to achieve accurate results.
Vitamin D Status Is Associated With Development of Hospital‐Acquired Pressure Injuries in Critically Ill Surgical Patients
Authors: Otero Tiffany M. N. , Canales Cecilia , Yeh D. Dante , Elsayes Ali , Belcher Donna M. , Quraishi Sadeq A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundHospital‐acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) typically develop following critical illness due to immobility and suboptimal perfusion. Vitamin D helps to maintain epithelial cell integrity, particularly at barrier sites such as skin. It is unclear whether vitamin D status is a modifiable risk factor for HAPIs in critically ill patients. Our goal was to investigate the relationship between admission 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels with the development of HAPIs in surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to surgical ICUs at a major teaching hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. To investigate the association of 25OHD levels with subsequent development of HAPIs, we performed logistic regression analyses, controlling for body mass index, Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill score, ICU length of stay, and cumulative ICU caloric or protein deficit.ResultsA total of 402 patients comprised our analytic cohort. Each unit increment in 25OHD was associated with 11% decreased odds of HAPIs (odds ratio [OR] 0.89; 95% CI 0.840.95). When vitamin D status was dichotomized, patients with 25OHD <20 ng/mL were >2 times as likely to develop HAPIs (OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.065.97) compared with patients with 25OHD >20 ng/mL.ConclusionIn our cohort of critically ill surgical patients, vitamin D status at ICU admission was linked to subsequent development of HAPIs. Randomized, controlled trials are needed to assess whether optimizing 25OHD levels in the ICU can reduce the incidence of HAPIs and improve other clinically relevant outcomes in critically
ill patients.
Reduced graphene oxide‐based bortezomib delivery system for photothermal chemotherapy with enhanced therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Hu Yanfang , He Liang , Ma Weiqian , Chen Li 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn cancer treatment, it still is a curial challenge to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. A novel reduced graphene oxide‐based nanoplatform (rGO/PDex) has been constructed to deliver an anticancer drug, bortezomib (BTZ), for photo‐chemotherapy. The structure and properties of the nanoplatform were characterized. The obtained data strongly indicated that rGO/PDex had enhanced stability. Further, folic acid was introduced and the resulting rGO/PDexF nanoplatform exhibited improved cellular uptake due to the active targeting effect. The anticancer drug BTZ could be effectively encapsulated into the rGO‐based nanoplatform and be released in a controlled manner. In vitro experiments demonstrated that BTZ‐loaded rGO‐based nanoparticles displayed enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared with the single chemotherapy, indicating the great potential of rGO‐based nanoparticles for cancer treatments. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Insights into the Photothermal Hydrogen Production from Glycerol Aqueous Solutions over Noble Metal‐Free Ti@TiO2 Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Nikitenko Sergey I. , Chave Tony , Goff Xavier Le 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhotocatalytic production of hydrogen from renewable sources with platinum group metal‐free catalysts is of great importance for environmentally friendly energetics. Herein, Ti@TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles prepared by sonohydrothermal treatment of titanium metal nanoparticles are examined for hydrogen generation from aqueous glycerol solutions under vis/NIR light irradiation. It is shown that photocatalytic reforming of glycerol in the presence of Ti@TiO2 exhibits strong photothermal effect allowing more efficient use of solar energy. Apparent activation energy equal to E
act = 27 ± 2 kJ mol−1 indicates that the thermal effect is related to the diffusion of reaction intermediates at catalyst surface rather than to the activation of chemical bonds. The photoexcitation mechanism of Ti@TiO2 particles involves interband transitions in nonplasmonic Ti metal core followed by nonradiative Landau damping. Effective electron–hole separation between Ti core and nanocrystalline TiO2 anatase shell in Ti@TiO2 nanoparticles is confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy. In studied system, photothermal hydrogen production is not accompanied by CO2 emission indicating that glycerol is oxidized to glyceric acid without further decarboxylation.
Effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on rice resistance toOebalus pugnax
Authors: Stella de Freitas Thais F , Stout Michael J , Sant'Ana Josué 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAfter herbivore attack, plants express inducible resistance‐related traits activated by hormones, mainly jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). Methyl jasmonate (MeJa) is a biologically active methyl ester of JA. Exogenous applications of JA, SA, and MeJa induce responses similar to herbivory by insects. In this study, rice,Oryza sativaL. (Poaceae), plants were treated with two concentrations of MeJa (2 and 5 mmol L−1), two concentrations of SA (8 and 16 mmol L−1) and herbivory to evaluate effects of elicitation and herbivory on resistance to the rice stink bug (RSB)Oebalus pugnaxFabricius, 1775 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), an injurious insect pest of rice in the United States.RESULTSNymphs developing on plants treated with SA 16 mmol L−1took longer to reach adulthood than nymphs developing on check plants. Grains per panicle were higher in plants treated with SA 16 mmol L−1and MeJa in both concentrations than in check treatment. Plants treated with SA emitted five of six volatile compounds identified in equal or higher amounts than plants subjected to previous herbivory, particularly methyl salicylate, a known defense‐related compound. Salicylic acid 16 mmol L−1was the treatment that elicited the highest amount of all volatiles. In the field assay, plots treated with SA 16 mmol L−1showed lower spikelet sterility and a tendency for fewer bugs to be found in plots.CONCLUSIONRice plants possess defense mechanisms that can be elicited using hormones as elicitors, mainly SA 16 mmol L−1, to induce resistance against RSB. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A vector‐based representation of the chemical bond for the normal modes of benzene
Authors: Huang Wei Jie , Azizi Alireza , Xu Tianlv , Kirk Steven R. , Jenkins Samantha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe introduce a vector‐based interpretation of the chemical bond within the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), the bond‐path framework set B = {p, q, r}, to follow variations in the 3D morphology of all bonds for the four infrared active normal modes of benzene. The bond‐path framework set B comprises three unique paths p, q, and r where r is the familiar QTAIM bond concept of bond‐path (r) while the two new paths p and q are formulated from the least and most preferred directions of electron density accumulation, respectively. We find 3D distortions including bond stretching/compression, torsion, and curving. We introduce two fractional measures to quantify these variations away from linearity of the bond.
Effects on the aromatic character of DNA/RNA nucleobases due to its adsorption onto graphene
Authors: Cortés‐Arriagada Diego , Ortega Daniela E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the last years, experimental/theoretical studies have shown that graphene has a strong affinity toward nucleobases, serving as a promising nanomaterial for self‐assembly, sensing, and/or sequencing of DNA/RNA constituents. Then, a complete picture of the properties of the nucleobase–graphene systems is required for its use in technological applications. This work describes a detailed quantum chemical analysis of the aromaticity of adsorbed nucleobases on graphene, comparing between aromaticity indexes based on magnetic, geometry, electron density, and electron delocalization properties of graphene–nucleobase systems. Contrary to the stated by magnetic‐based aromaticity criteria (such as nucleus‐independent chemical shifts), it is proved that the aromatic character of nucleobases is not increased/decreased upon binding on graphene. Therefore, magnetic aromaticity criteria are not recommended to analyze aromaticity in related systems, unless a fragmented scheme be adopted. Finally, these results are expected to expand the knowledge about the understanding of biomolecules‐graphene interactions.
Localization of double‐bond positions in lipids by tandem mass spectrometry succeeding high‐performance liquid chromatography with post‐column derivatization
Authors: Jeck Viola , Korf Ansgar , Vosse Christian , Hayen Heiko 
Published: August 2018

RationaleLipids are a group of biomolecules known for their importance in a broad variety of biological tasks, which is attributed to the diversity of their molecular structures. The exact position of the double bond in a lipid affects its biological properties. Therefore, the determination of its position is highly important. Nevertheless, the unambiguous assignment is still a challenging task and requires the development of new approaches.MethodsA novel method for pinpointing double‐bond positions in lipids is presented based on the photochemical Paternὸ–Büchi reaction. Therefore, the reaction was performed using a post‐column derivatization by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation (254 nm) and an additional constant flow of acetone. The acetone adduct was formed due to the reaction of acetone with the double bond resulting in an oxetane. Subsequent fragmentation experiments generated diagnostic fragments allowing the localization of double‐bond positions.ResultsIntending online hyphenation with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), the reaction was optimized regarding parameters such as reaction time and the influence of trace oxygen as well as solvents. An additional separation of the reaction products by means of HPLC enabled further characterization of the chemical structures formed by UV irradiation. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed method, a mixture of the constitutional phospholipid isomers bis(monooleoylglycero) phosphate and dioleoyl‐phosphatidylglycerol was analyzed regarding their double‐bond positions, and lipids from an extract of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were investigated.ConclusionsThe successful hyphenation of HPLC/MS/MS with the online reaction was demonstrated for localization of double bonds in single lipids, lipid mixtures, and complex biological samples. Matrix effects can be reduced and further structural information, for example in case of constitutional isomers, can be obtained. This opens up new avenues for pinpointing lipid double‐bond positions even in complex samples.
Systematic review of the impact of point‐of‐care testing for influenza on the outcomes of patients with acute respiratory tract infection
Authors: Egilmezer Ece , Walker Gregory J. , Bakthavathsalam Padmavathy , Peterson Joshua R. , Gooding J. Justin , Rawlinson William , Stelzer‐Braid Sacha 
Published: August 2018

SummaryAcute respiratory tract infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and represent a significant burden on the health care system. Laboratory testing is required to definitively distinguish infecting influenza virus from other pathogens, resulting in prolonged emergency department (ED) visits and unnecessary antibiotic use. Recently available rapid point‐of‐care tests (POCT) may allow for appropriate use of antiviral and antibiotic treatments and decrease patient lengths of stay.We undertook a systematic review to assess the effect of POCT for influenza on three outcomes: (1) antiviral prescription, (2) antibiotic prescription, and (3) patient length of stay in the ED.The databases Medline and Embase were searched using MeSH terms and keywords for influenza, POCT, antivirals, antibiotics, and length of stay.Amongst 245 studies screened, 30 were included. The majority of papers reporting on antiviral prescription found that a positive POCT result significantly increased use of antivirals for influenza compared with negative POCT results and standard supportive care. A positive POCT result also led to decreased antibiotic use. The results of studies assessing the effect of POCT on ED length of stay were not definitive.The studies assessed in this systematic review support the use of POCT for diagnosis of influenza in patients suffering an acute respiratory infection. Diagnosis using POCT may lead to more appropriate prescription of treatments for infectious agents. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of POCT on the length of stay in ED.
Valleytronics: Opportunities, Challenges, and Paths Forward
Authors: Vitale Steven A. , Nezich Daniel , Varghese Joseph O. , Kim Philip , Gedik Nuh , Jarillo‐Herrero Pablo , Xiao Di , Rothschild Mordechai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA lack of inversion symmetry coupled with the presence of time‐reversal symmetry endows 2D transition metal dichalcogenides with individually addressable valleys in momentum space at the K and K′ points in the first Brillouin zone. This valley addressability opens up the possibility of using the momentum state of electrons, holes, or excitons as a completely new paradigm in information processing. The opportunities and challenges associated with manipulation of the valley degree of freedom for practical quantum and classical information processing applications were analyzed during the 2017 Workshop on Valleytronic Materials, Architectures, and Devices; this Review presents the major findings of the workshop.
From Coxeter higher-spin theories to strings and tensor models
Authors: Vasiliev M. A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA new class of higher-spin gauge theories associated with various Coxeter groups is proposed. The emphasize is on theBp-models. The cases ofB1and its infinite graded-symmetric productsym(×B1)∞correspond to the usual higher-spin theory and its multi-particle extension, respectively. The multi-particleB2-higher-spin theory is conjectured to be associated with String Theory.Bp-higher-spin models withp >2 are anticipated to be dual to the rank-pboundary tensor sigma-models.Bphigher-spin models withp≥ 2 possess two coupling constants responsible for higher-spin interactions in AdS background and stringy/tensor effects, respectively. The brane-like idempotent extension of the Coxeter higher-spin theory is proposed allowing to unify in the same model the fields supported by space-times of different dimensions. Consistency of the holographic interpretation of the boundary matrix-like model in theB2-higher-spin model is shown to demandN≥ 4 SUSY, suggesting duality with theN= 4 SYM upon spontaneous breaking of higher-spin symmetries. The proposed models are shown to admit unitary truncations.
Health Literacy Among Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Roy Mélissa , Corkum Joseph P. , Urbach David R. , Novak Christine B. , von Schroeder Herbert P. , McCabe Steven J. , Okrainec Karen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHealth literacy is the extent to which patients are able to understand and act upon health information. This concept is important for surgeons as their patients have to comprehend the nature, risks and benefits of surgical procedures, adhere to perioperative instructions, and make complex care decisions about interventions. Our review aimed to determine the prevalence of limited health literacy of the surgical patient population. A search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed from inception until January 14th 2017 for experimental and observational studies reporting surgical patients’ health literacy measurement. Overall pooled proportion of surgical patients with limited health literacy was calculated using a random‐effects model and methodologic quality was assessed. A total of 40 studies representing 18,895 surgical patients were included in our quantitative synthesis. Pooled estimate of limited health literacy was 31.7% (95%CI 24.7–39.2%, I2 99.0%). There was low risk of bias among the majority of the 51 studies included in the qualitative synthesis. Statistical heterogeneity could not be fully accounted for by methodologic quality or patient and surgical characteristics. However, some of the heterogeneity was accounted by measurement tool [combined proportions with the REALM and NVS of 35.6 (95%CI 31.5–39.9, I2 73.0%)]. A number of different health literacy measurement tools were used (19 overall). Our review demonstrates a high prevalence of limited health literacy among surgical patients with considerable heterogeneity. Our findings suggest the importance of recognizing and addressing surgical patients with limited health literacy and the need for standardization in measurement tools.
Ferrocarbonatites in the Amba Dongar Diatreme, Gujarat, India
Authors: Viladkar S. G. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
In the Amba Dongar diatreme, “ferrocarbonatite” is not a single unit of late differentiate of calciocarbonatite magma but it is a family with variation on field occurrence, mineralogy and chemistry of each unit. The family includes dikes of ankeritic carbonatites (phase I and II), plugs of ankeritic carbonatite within sövite ring dike, dikes of sideritic carbonatite in ankeritic carbonatite plug and rödberg veins. Their intrusive relations are very clear in the field and each phase has characteristic mineralogy and trace and REE geochemistry. According to the nomenclature suggested by Harmer and Gittins (1997) majority of “ferro-carbonatites” of Amba Dongar plot in field of “ferruginous calciocarbonatite” and only siderite and rödberg plot in the field of “ferrocarbonatite”. Within these family members, their trace and REE show clear increase from early phase to last phase of sideritic carbonatite. The present short communication discusses various aspects of “ferrocarbonatites”.
Evaluation of Hydrological Components Using Hydrological Model SWAT for Malaprabha Subbasin
Authors: Nagraj S. Patil , Nataraja M. , Omprakash T. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
In this study Malaprabha sub-basin is selected for evaluation of water resource in the basin, as there is decline in flow due to reduced rainfall over years and also due to increased activities in the upstream areas of the catchment. The study focused on evaluation of hydrological components for Malaprabha sub-basin using hydrological model known as soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). The model was implemented for Malaprabha sub-basin using digital elevation model (DEM), land use, soil and meteorological data etc. The model performance was evaluated by calibration and validation approach. The calibration and validation of the model was done by using the data for a period from 1991-2000. It is found that R2 and NSE values are 0.67 and 0.69 during calibration and 0.73 and 0.60 during validation. The both coefficients are satisfying the model results and are used for evaluating the hydrological components for the basin. Finally, the spatial distribution maps were prepared for Malaprabha sub-basin for different hydrological components like water yield, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, sediment yield and discharge. The results can be used for decision making purpose and further for planning of water harvesting structure.
Palynofacies, Organic Thermal Maturation and Source Rock Evaluation of Nanka and Ogwashi Formations in Updip Niger Delta Basin, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Kingsley Okeke Kachikwulu , Umeji Obianuju P. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
The oil and gas prospects in the Nigerian inland basins necessitated the palynofacies characterization, thermal maturation and source rock evaluation of the Nanka and Ogwashi formations of the Niger delta basin. The Nanka Formation has dominant terrestrial microflora, brown structured phytoclasts and amorphous organic matter, opaque debris accompanied by dinoflagellate cysts. The Ogwashi Formation has maximum terrestrial microflora, medium to large brown structured phytoclasts, opaque debris with abundance of dark brown amorphous organic matter and a few marine taxa.
Palynofacies constituents of the Nanka Formation reflect Kerogen Type II / III which are Gas / Oil prone shown by abundance of marine species, amorphous organic matter in conjunction with terrestrial phytoclasts and non-marine palynomorphs assemblage. The spore/pollen colour range from light brown to dark brown which suggest oil generation to production of wet gas. This corresponds to thermal alteration index (TAI) 2+ to 3+ and vitrinite reflectance index (%Ro) 0.5% to 1.3%. Palynofacies of the Ogwashi Formation has Kerogen Type III (gas prone) linked with overwhelming abundant terrestrial phytoclasts palynomorphs and large amorphous organic matter of terrestrial origin. Spore/pollen thermal alteration colour ranges from light medium brown to dark brown indicative of mature oil generation and transition to dry gas phase. The thermal alteration index and vitrinite reflectance index (%Ro) values of the Ogwashi Formation is consistent with that of the Nanka Formation.