bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors predicting early mortality after new diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome: A population‐based study
Authors: Jacobsen Annie M. , Poynter Jenny N. , Richardson Michaela R. , Nguyen Phuong L. , Hirsch Betsy , Cioc Adina , Roesler Michelle A. , Warlick Erica D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveLittle prospective data regarding factors determining patient outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are available. To establish features of early mortality in MDS, we compare characteristics of patients dying within 1 year of diagnosis with those surviving longer.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled adults with a new MDS diagnosis in a population‐based case‐control study. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for potential predictors of early mortality. Subgroup analyses were conducted within the following groups: high‐/very‐high‐risk IPSS‐R; very‐low‐/low‐/intermediate‐risk IPSS‐R; treated patients; and supportive care only patients.ResultsWe observed early mortality in those with abnormal cytogenetics (OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.52‐7.46), three or greater cytogenetic abnormalities (OR: 3.48, 95% CI: 1.51‐7.99), treatment at a community medical center (versus academic) (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.18‐5.47), and with 2‐3 concurrent medical comorbidities (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.08‐4.22). Similarly, in subgroup analyses, abnormal cytogenetics remained the main predictor of early mortality.ConclusionComplex cytogenetics and prognostic risk category have been associated with early mortality without intervention. Our data confirm these associations in a large, prospectively followed cohort and highlight the significance of cytogenetic abnormalities and complexity regardless of IPSS‐R risk categorization or treatment.
Subregional differences in groundfish distributional responses to anomalous ocean bottom temperatures in the northeast Pacific
Authors: Li Lingbo , Hollowed Anne B. , Cokelet Edward D. , Barbeaux Steven J. , Bond Nicholas A. , Keller Aimee A. , King Jacquelynne R. , McClure Michelle M. , Palsson Wayne A. , Stabeno Phyllis J. , Yang Qiong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough climate‐induced shifts in fish distribution have been widely reported at the population level, studies that account for ontogenetic shifts and subregional differences when assessing responses are rare.In this study, groundfish distributional changes in depth, latitude, and longitude were assessed at different size classes by species within nine subregions. We examined large, quality‐controlled datasets of depth‐stratified‐random bottom trawl surveys conducted during summer in three large regions—the Gulf of Alaska and the west coasts of Canada and the United States—over the period 1996–2015, a time period punctuated by a marine “heat wave.” Temporal biases in bottom temperature were minimized by subdividing each region into three subregions, each with short‐duration surveys. Near‐bottom temperatures, weighted by stratum area, were unsynchronized across subregions and exhibited varying subregional interannual variability. The weighted mean bottom depths in the subregions also vary largely among subregions. The centroids (centers of gravity) of groundfish distribution were weighted with catch per unit effort and stratum area for 10 commercially important groundfish species by size class and subregion. Our multivariate analyses showed that there were significant differences in aggregate fish movement responses to warm temperatures across subregions but not among species or sizes. Groundfish demonstrated poleward responses to warming temperatures only in a few subregions and moved shallower or deeper to seek colder waters. The temperature responses of groundfish depended on where they were. Under global warming, groundfish may form geographically distinct thermal ecoregions along the northeast Pacific shelf. Shallow‐depth species exhibited greatly different distributional responses to temperature changes across subregions while deep‐depth species of different subregions tend to have relatively similar temperature responses. Future climate studies would benefit by considering fish distributions on small subregional scales.
High‐Precision Measurement of 187Os/188Os Isotope Ratios of Nanogram to Picogram Amounts of Os in Geological Samples by N‐TIMS using Faraday Cups Equipped with 1013 Ω Amplifiers
Authors: Wang Guiqin , Vollstaedt Hauke , Xu Jifeng , Liu Wengui 
Published: May 2019

N(187Os)/N(188Os) ratios of six geological reference materials were measured using static Faraday cups (FCs) with 1013 Ω amplifiers by N‐TIMS. Our results show that the repeatability precision was 2–3‰ (2 RSD, n = 3), when taking ~ 1 g of BHVO‐2 with 76 pg g−1 of Os mass fraction and ~ 2 g of BCR‐2 with 21 pg g−1 of Os mass fraction for each sample, whether measured by FCs or by secondary electron multiplier. The repeatability precision measured by FCs was 1–0.2‰ (2 RSD, n = 3) when taking ~ 1 g of BIR‐2 with 350 pg g−1 of Os mass fraction, ~ 1 g of WGB‐1 with 493 pg g−1 of Os mass fraction or ~ 0.5 g of WPR‐1 with 13.3 ng g−1 of Os mass fraction for each sample, which is much better than those measured by secondary electron multiplier. Instead, when taking ~ 2 g of AGV‐2 with 4 pg g−1 Os mass fraction, the repeatability precision measured by secondary electron multiplier is 3–4‰ (RSD, n = 3), which is better than those measured by FCs. Of the six reference materials analysed, WPR‐1 and BIR‐1a are the most homogeneous with regard to Os isotopic composition (2 RSD of 0.08% and 0.23%, respectively) when test portion masses are 0.5–1 g.
Loss of SMAD4 protein expression in gastrointestinal and extra‐gastrointestinal carcinomas
Authors: Ritterhouse Lauren L , Wu Elizabeth Yiru , Kim Woo Gyeong , Dillon Deborah A , Hirsch Michelle S , Sholl Lynette M , Agoston Agoston T , Setia Namrata , Lauwers Gregory Y , Park Do Youn , Srivastava Amitabh , Doyle Leona A 
Published: May 2019

AimsSMAD4 (DPC4) is a tumour suppressor gene that is dysregulated in various tumour types, particularly pancreaticobiliary and gastrointestinal carcinomas. Corresponding loss of protein expression has been reported in approximately 50% of pancreatic and 25% of colonic adenocarcinomas. In the evaluation of carcinoma of unknown primary site, immunohistochemical loss of SMAD4 expression is often used to suggest pancreaticobiliary origin, but there are limited data on the spectrum of SMAD4 expression in carcinomas of other sites. This study evaluates the frequency of SMAD4 loss in a large cohort of carcinomas from diverse anatomical sites.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry for SMAD4 was performed on tissue microarrays or whole tissue sections of 1210 carcinomas from various organs: gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas/biliary tract, lung, breast, thyroid, kidney, ovary and uterus. Expression was considered lost when there was complete absence of staining in tumour cell nuclei, in the presence of intact staining in non‐neoplastic cells. SMAD4 loss was seen in 58% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 27% of appendiceal adenocarcinomas, 19% of colorectal adenocarcinomas, 16% of cholangiocarcinomas, 10% of lung adenocarcinomas and <5% of oesophageal, breast, gastric and mucinous ovarian adenocarcinomas. All papillary thyroid, hepatocellular, non‐mucinous ovarian, endometrial and renal cell carcinomas showed intact SMAD4 nuclear expression.ConclusionIn addition to pancreaticobiliary, appendiceal and colonic tumours, SMAD4 loss is also seen in a small subset of other carcinomas, specifically breast, lung, oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas, all of which are typically CK7‐positive, similar to pancreaticobiliary carcinoma. Awareness of SMAD4 loss in these other carcinoma types is helpful in the evaluation of carcinomas of unknown or uncertain primary site.
Detection of 5‐HMF in apple juice with artificial sensing systems
Authors: Li Zhao , Yuan Yahong , Yue Tianli , Meng Jianghong 
Published: May 2019

Summary5‐HMF (5‐hydroxymethyl‐furfural) is a product of thermal treatment and is increasingly considered a food contaminant. Here, different concentrations of 5‐HMF were measured in apple juice to evaluate the performance of the electronic nose (EN) and electronic tongue (ET) as rapid detection techniques for 5‐HMF when coupled with chemometric analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) evaluated the discrimination capacity of EN and ET for 5‐HMF. Loading analysis examined the discrimination contribution of the EN sensors. Partial least square (PLS) regression analysis established a quantitative prediction model for different concentrations of 5‐HMF based on EN and ET data set. The optimal models had a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.926 and a root‐mean‐square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.4168 in EN; there were R2 of 0.914 and RMSEP of 0.5836 in ET. These results demonstrate that EN and ET coupled with chemometric analysis are two promising approaches for the rapid and online detection of 5‐HMF in apple juice.
Haematological adverse effects associated with linezolid in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: an exploratory study
Authors: Letswee Gotlhe , Kamau Hellen , Gaida Razia , Truter Ilse 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Identify the incidence of haematological adverse effects associated with linezolid.

Methods
Medical records of 27 hospitalised patients in South Africa with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and prescribed linezolid therapy were retrospectively reviewed.

Key findings
Approximately a quarter (n = 7) of patients experienced haematological adverse effects. These included anaemia (14.8%; n = 4), low haemoglobin (7.4%; n = 2) and macrocytosis (3.7%; n = 1). All patients who exhibited haematological adverse effects were living with HIV.

Conclusion
The haematological effects of linezolid manifested in patients who were suffering from co-morbid HIV. Haematological monitoring should be done monthly in order to detect adverse effects timeously and intervene as appropriate.
Docetaxel‐based chemotherapy combined with dexamethasone 1 mg daily oral administration for castration‐resistant prostate cancer: Long‐term outcomes
Authors: Tanaka Nobumichi , Nishimura Kazuo , Okajima Eijiro , Ina Kenji , Ogawa Osamu , Nagata Hirohiko , Akakura Koichiro , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Gotoh Momokazu , Teramukai Satoshi , Hirao Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo report long‐term outcome survival analysis of docetaxel‐based chemotherapy combined with dexamethasone in castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients (Japan‐Multinational Trial Organization Pca10‐01 trial).MethodsThe Japan‐Multinational Trial Organization Pca10‐01 phase II trial was a multicenter, prospective single‐arm, phase II trial both in non‐metastatic and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients that was organized by The Japan‐Multinational Trial Organization. Patients received 75 mg/m2 of docetaxel (every 21 days) and 0.5 mg of dexamethasone orally twice a day continuing throughout the treatment period. The primary end‐point of this additional analysis was overall survival. Secondary end‐points were progression‐free survival and safety.ResultsBetween January 2011 and February 2014, a total of 76 chemotherapy‐naïve castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients were enrolled. The median overall survival time was 42.5 months. The median overall survival time of M1 patients was 40.5 months (M0: not reached). The median progression‐free survival time was 13.2 months (M0: 15.7 months and M1: 12.3 months). The multivariate analysis predicting overall survival of M1 patients showed that time to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (≥20 months) was an independent parameter (hazard ratio 0.39, P = 0.023). Regarding the safety analysis, 36 out of 74 patients (48.6%) suffered from any grade of adverse events after the protocol treatment, and 18 patients (24.3%) had grade ≥3 adverse events.ConclusionsDocetaxel‐based chemotherapy combined with dexamethasone can achieve excellent survival efficacy not only in M0 castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients, but also in M1 castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients.
Three‐year follow up of adrenal incidentalomas in a New Zealand centre
Authors: Goh Ziwei , Phillips Ian , Hunt Penny J. , Soule Steven , Cawood Tom J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe international guidelines for management of adrenal incidentalomas (AI) are becoming more conservative. These changes are based on the growing body of evidence suggesting that non‐functioning adenomas have a low likelihood of becoming functional or malignant over time.AimsTo follow up at least 100 patients for 3 years who were originally found to have benign adrenal adenomas which were non‐functional or had subclinical Cushing syndrome (SCS).MethodsThis study prospectively evaluated consecutive patients aged 18 years or older with benign adrenal incidentalomas (AI), not treated with adrenalectomy, which were non‐functioning or had SCS. The initial and follow‐up evaluation, including clinical assessment, hormonal investigations and imaging were coordinated via a standardised nurse‐led AI clinic.ResultsOf 233 patients referred to the AI clinic, 101 patients met the inclusion criteria and completed 3‐year follow up. Most of those excluded were due to incomplete initial or follow‐up evaluation or were not true AI. Most AI either remained stable or decreased in size on repeat imaging, while 5% of patients had AI enlargement of >5 mm diameter. No patient developed features suggesting adrenal carcinoma. Ninety‐two patients had an initial diagnosis of non‐functioning adenoma and nine patients had SCS. After 3 years (range 2.9–4.7 years), five of the nine patients with SCS showed normalisation of cortisol parameters (44%), and five of the 92 non‐functional AI patients developed SCS (5%).ConclusionAfter 3 years of follow up, approximately half of patients with SCS normalised, while 5% of patients with initially non‐functioning adenomas developed biochemical evidence of SCS. This study found a low likelihood of progressive hormonal excess with no evidence of malignancy developing on follow‐up evaluation, providing support for the shift towards the more conservative approach to management of AI recommended in recent guidelines.
Conjunctivitis in atopic dermatitis patients with and without dupilumab therapy – international eczema council survey and opinion
Authors: Thyssen J.P. , de Bruin‐Weller M.S. , Paller A.S. , Leshem Y.A. , Vestergaard C. , Deleuran M. , Drucker A.M. , Foelster‐Holst R. , Traidl‐Hoffmann C. , Eyerich K. , Taieb A. , Su J.C. , Bieber T. , Cork M.J. , Eichenfield L.F. , Guttman‐Yassky E. , Wollenberg A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundConjunctivitis is common in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) in general and a commonly reported adverse event in AD clinical trials with dupilumab.ObjectiveTo survey opinions and experience about conjunctivitis occurring in AD, including those during dupilumab treatment in a group of AD experts from the International Eczema Council (IEC).MethodsElectronic survey and in‐person discussion of management strategies.ResultsForty‐six (53.5%) IEC members from 19 countries responded to the survey. Consensus was reached for several statements regarding diagnostic workup, referral and treatment. IEC members suggest that patients with AD should (i) routinely be asked about ocular complaints or symptoms, (ii) obtain information about the potential for conjunctivitis before starting dupilumab therapy and (iii) if indicated, be treated with dupilumab despite previous or current conjunctivitis. In cases of new‐onset conjunctivitis, there was consensus that dupilumab treatment should be continued when possible, with appropriate referral to an ophthalmologist.LimitationsThe study relies on expert opinion from dermatologists. Responses from few dermatologists without dupilumab access were not excluded from the survey.ConclusionThe IEC recommends that dermatologists address conjunctivitis in patients with AD, especially during treatment with dupilumab.
Bowel patterns, gastrointestinal symptoms, and emotional well‐being in adolescents: A cohort study
Authors: Ayonrinde Oyekoya T , Sanfilippo Frank M , O'Sullivan Therese A , Adams Leon A , Ayonrinde Oyedeji A , Robinson Monique , Oddy Wendy H , Olynyk John K 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and AimBowel patterns are varied in the general population. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common reasons for clinical visits. We aimed to examine the usual bowel pattern and the prevalence and significance of gastrointestinal symptoms in a population‐based cohort of Australian adolescents.MethodsSeventeen‐year‐old adolescents (n = 1279) in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study participated in a cross‐sectional assessment, involving health questionnaires. Questions included medical history, diet, bowel patterns, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Data were analyzed to identify patterns of bowel motions, gastrointestinal symptoms, and factors associated with these in adolescents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of poorer self‐rated health status.ResultsThe dominant pattern of bowel motions was passage of stool that was “not too hard and not too soft” (Bristol stool types 3 and 4) in 90% and occurring between three and seven times per week in 74%. The most prevalent gastrointestinal symptoms included abdominal bloating (72%), abdominal pain (36%), nausea (25%), and constipation (20%). A “Western” dietary pattern was associated with abdominal bloating, constipation, and nausea (P < 0.05). Apart from diarrhea, gastrointestinal symptoms were more prevalent in female adolescents than male adolescents (P < 0.05 for all). Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–3.02, P = 0.01), nausea (OR 3.18, 95% CI 2.03–4.98, P < 0.001), and depression (OR 6.68, 95% CI 3.65–12.22, P = 0.03) were independently associated with poorer self‐rated health status, after adjusting for other gastrointestinal symptoms.ConclusionsIn adolescents, bowel patterns and gastrointestinal symptoms are diverse and show sex differences. Nausea, depression, and female sex are significant factors for poorer self‐rated health.
Interferon‐Gamma test for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in Macaca mulatta and other non‐human primates
Authors: Yee JoAnn L. , Prongay Kamm , Miles Brodie , Smedley Jeremy , Hansen Scott G. , Axthelm Michael K. , Ardeshir Amir , Van Rompay Koen K. A. , Timmel Gregory , Roberts Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe have formatted an assay to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections of non‐human primates. Commercially available reagents were used to elicit a specific immune response that was measured by interferon‐gamma release. Initial evaluation using blood samples from Rhesus macaques experimentally infected with M tuberculosis distinguished infected versus uninfected animals.
How does parent/self‐reporting of common respiratory conditions compare with medical records among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) children and young adults?
Authors: Blake Tamara L , Chang Anne B , Chatfield Mark D , Marchant Julie M , Petsky Helen L , McElrea Margaret S 
Published: May 2019

AimSelf‐reporting and/or data from medical records are frequently used in studies to ascertain health history. Data on the discrepancies between these information sources is lacking for Indigenous Australians. This study reports such data for selected respiratory and atopic conditions common among Indigenous Australians.MethodsData were extracted from the Indigenous respiratory reference value study, a multicentre cross‐sectional study of Indigenous children and young adults (3–25 years) between June 2015 and November 2017. Only those living in rural/remote regions were included. Self‐reported history was collected from parents (if participants <18 years) or participants. Medical records were manually reviewed. Participants with incomplete data (missing self‐reported and/or medical record information) were excluded. Agreement between sources was examined using Cohen's kappa.ResultsOf 1097 participants, 889 (97.1% <18 years) had sufficient self‐reported and medical record histories for comparison. Asthma was self‐reported by 15.7% of participants and was reported in medical records for 10.3% (κ = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45–0.61). For bronchiectasis, the reported rates were 1.5 and 0.7% (κ = 0.52, 95% CI 0.25–0.80), pneumonia 1.1 and 5.8% (κ = 0.15, 95% CI 0.02–0.27), allergic rhinitis 6.6 and 0.6% (κ = 0.05, 95% CI −0.03, 0.13) and eczema 5.8 and 6.2% (κ = 0.30, 95% CI 0.18–0.42).ConclusionsWithin our cohort, agreement was moderate for asthma and bronchiectasis, fair for eczema and poor for pneumonia and allergic rhinitis. These results highlight the challenges associated with how best to obtain an accurate health history within Australian Indigenous rural/remote communities. Generalisability of findings and contributions of poor health knowledge and/or poor medical record documentation need further exploration.
Yiqifumai injection and its main ingredients attenuate lipopolysaccharide‐induced cerebrovascular hyperpermeability through a multi‐pathway mode
Authors: Li Dan‐Tong , Sun Kai , Huang Ping , Pan Chun‐Shui , Yan Li , Ayan Ayididaer , Liu Yu‐Ying , Fan Jing‐Yu , Fang Wei‐Gang , Han Jing‐Yan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveYiqifumai injection is a compound Chinese medicine used to treat microcirculatory disturbance‐related diseases clinically. Our previous study proved that Yiqifumai injection pretreatment inhibited lipopolysaccharide‐induced venular albumin leakage in rat mesentery. This study aimed to investigate whether Yiqifumai injection attenuated cerebral microvascular hyperpermeability and corresponding contribution of its main ingredients.MethodsRats were challenged by lipopolysaccharide infusion (5 mg/kg/h) for 90 minutes. Yiqifumai injection (160 mg/kg/h), Rb1 (5 mg/kg/h), Sch (2.5 mg/kg/h), and Rb1 (5 mg/kg/h) + Sch (2.5 mg/kg/h) were infused 30 minutes before (pretreatment) or after (post‐treatment) lipopolysaccharide administration.ResultsBoth pretreatment and post‐treatment with Yiqifumai injection attenuated cerebral venular albumin leakage during lipopolysaccharide infusion and cerebrovascular hyperpermeability at 72 hours after lipopolysaccharide infusion. Yiqifumai injection restrained the decreased junction protein expression, adenosine triphosphate content, and mitochondria complex I, II, IV, and V activities. Moreover, Yiqifumai injection inhibited toll‐like receptor‐4 expression, Src phosphorylation, and caveolin‐1 expression. Its main ingredients Rb1 and Sch alone worked differently, with Rb1 being more effective for enhancing energy metabolism, while Sch attenuating toll‐like receptor‐4 expression and Src activation.ConclusionYiqifumai injection exerts a protective and ameliorated effect on cerebral microvascular hyperpermeability, which is more effective than any of its ingredients, possibly due to the interaction of its main ingredients through a multi‐pathway mode.