bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four novel biomarkers for bladder cancer identified by weighted gene coexpression network analysis
Authors: Yan Xin , Guo Zi‐Xin , Liu Xiao‐Ping , Feng Yu‐Jia , Zhao Ying‐Jie , Liu Tong‐Zu , Li Sheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBladder cancer (BC) is one of the most malignancies in terms of incidence and recurrence worldwide. The aim of this study is to find out novel and prognostic biomarkers for patients with BC. First, we identified 258 differentially expressed genes by using GSE19915 from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Second, a total of 33 modules were identified by constructing a coexpression network by using weighted gene coexpression network analysis and yellow module was regarded as the key module. Furthermore, by constructing protein–protein interaction networks, we preliminarily picked out 13 genes. Among them, four hub genes (CCNB1, KIF4A, TPX2, and TRIP13) were eventually identified by using five different methods (survival analysis, one‐way analysis of variance, the Spearman correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve, and expression value comparison), which were significantly correlated with the prognosis of BC. The validation of transcriptional and translational levels made sense (based on Oncomine and The Human Protein Atlas database). Moreover, functional enrichment analysis suggested that all the hub genes played crucial roles in chromosome segregation, sister chromatid segregation, nuclear chromosome segregation, mitotic nuclear division, nuclear division, and organelle fission during cell mitosis. In addition, three of the hub genes (KIF4A, TPX2, and TRIP13) might be potential targets of cancer drugs according to the results of the genetical alteration. In conclusion, this study indicates that four hub genes have great predictive value for the prognosis of BC, and may contribute to the exploration of the further and more in‐depth research of BC.
Differential age‐specific distribution of influenza virus types and subtypes in tropical Singapore, 2011 to 2017
Authors: Ang Li Wei , Cui Lin , Mak Tze Minn , Ng Yixiang , Leo Yee Sin , Lee Vernon Jian Ming , Lin Raymond Tzer‐Pin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSurveillance and reporting of epidemiological features of seasonal influenza mostly are aggregates across all‐ages. We investigated age‐specific differences in distribution of influenza virus (sub)types in tropical Singapore, using laboratory‐confirmed virological data collected under the national influenza surveillance programme from 2011 to 2017. The proportion of influenza‐positive specimens from outpatients with influenza‐like illness was used as an indicator of influenza activity in the community. The highest influenza positivity for age groups of 5 to 14 years and 15 to 64 years coincided in the same month in 5 out of the 7 years under study. Influenza positivity was lowest in young children <5 years of age compared with older age groups. Influenza A(H3N2) was most prevalent in the community except in 2012 when a predominance of influenza B was observed. The dominant virus (sub)type varied across the years in children <5 years and 5 to 14 years of age. Influenza A(H3N2) was the predominant circulating virus subtype among elderly persons aged ≥65 years during the 7‐year period, and among adults aged 15 to 64 years since 2013. Knowledge about the age‐specific differences in distribution of influenza virus (sub)types helps to facilitate better understanding of seasonal epidemics and to inform targeted strategies in prevention and control of influenza virus transmission.
Routine drug resistance testing in proviral HIV‐1 DNA: Prevalence of stop codons and hypermutation, and associated factors
Authors: Alidjinou Enagnon Kazali , Deldalle Joséphine , Robineau Olivier , Hallaert Christophe , Meybeck Agnès , Huleux Thomas , Ajana Faiza , Hober Didier , Bocket Laurence 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe investigated the presence of stop codons (SC) and/or hypermutation (HM) in HIV‐1 DNA sequences generated for routine drug resistance testing in proviral HIV‐1 DNA, and sought for associated factors. At least one SC was identified in 6.2% of HIV‐1 DNA sequences, among which 54.8% were hypermutated. The defective virus group (SC w/o HM) was similar to the non‐SC group regarding the characteristics of HIV‐1 infection, and before drug exposure. In addition, the HIV‐1 DNA levels were not different between both groups. Sequences with SC/HM displayed a higher proportion of RAMs. The impact of the SC/HM associated RAMs on clinical responses requires further investigation.
Ultrasound and Histopathologic Correlation of Ovarian Cystadenofibromas: Diagnostic Value of the “Shadow Sign”
Authors: Timor‐Tritsch Ilan E. , Yoon Esther , Monteagudo Ana , Ciaffarano Jeanine , Brandon Caroline , Mittal Kushbakhat R. , Wallach Robert C. , Boyd Leslie R. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesCystadenofibromas (CAFs) are rare benign ovarian tumors without a widely accepted ultrasound (US) pattern. They are usually described by as thin‐walled, unilocular or multilocular, and at times septated cysts with scant blood flow and no solid components. We describe a unique US feature, the “shadow sign,” seen in prospectively diagnosed benign CAFs. We also provide the histopathologic basis for this typical US appearance.MethodsUltrasound (US) examinations were performed in our obstetric and gynecologic US unit. Pathologic examinations were performed by a dedicated gynecologic pathology team. The US and pathology department's database was searched for the diagnosis of a CAF between 2010 and 2017.ResultsWe identified 20 patients who underwent transvaginal US examinations with a sole US diagnosis of a CAF, and the tumors were surgically removed. The common US feature across the 20 cases was the presence of hyperechoic avascular shadowing nodules. The correlating histologic features were unilocular or multilocular cysts with a smooth internal wall surface lined by a simple epithelium and occasional robust polypoid fibrous stroma.ConclusionsThis US marker helps in differentiating CAFs from borderline ovarian tumors, which do not show this US feature. We hope that recognizing the suggested shadow sign as an additional descriptor of CAFs will lead to minimizing their unnecessary removal and eliminating additional and unnecessary imaging by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Market claims and efficacy information in direct‐to‐consumer prescription drug print advertisements
Authors: Aikin Kathryn J. , Betts Kevin R. , Keisler Aysha , Ziemer Kathryn Schaefer 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study examined the impact of “New” and “#1 Prescribed” market claims and quantitative efficacy information on perceptions of a hypothetical prescription drug in a direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) print advertisement. We examined two market claims (New and #1 Prescribed), two efficacy levels (higher and lower), and a control condition without this information. Participants with diabetes were randomized to review one ad version and asked their perceptions of the ad's message, the drug's benefits, side effects and risks, doctors' opinions about the drug, and behavioral intention to use the drug, as well as recall and recognition of drug benefits and risks. Results suggest the market claim affects personal perceptions and perceptions of the ad's message about drug benefits and perceptions about doctors' opinions of the drug. Inclusion of quantitative information about product efficacy did not show a large influence on perceptions. These findings can help inform stakeholders and policy makers as they work to ensure DTC prescription drug promotion does not mislead patients.
ETS transcription factors as emerging drug targets in cancer
Authors: Hsing Michael , Wang Yuzhuo , Rennie Paul S. , Cox Michael E. , Cherkasov Artem 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe ETS family of proteins consists of 28 transcription factors, many of which have been implicated in development and progression of a variety of cancers. While one family member, ERG, has been rigorously studied in the context of prostate cancer where it plays a critical role, other ETS factors keep emerging as potential hallmark oncodrivers. In recent years, numerous studies have reported initial discoveries of small molecule inhibitors of ETS proteins and opened novel avenues for ETS‐directed cancer therapies. This review summarizes the state of the art data on therapeutic targeting of ETS family members and highlights the corresponding drug discovery strategies.
Relaxation‐compensated APT and rNOE CEST‐MRI of human brain tumors at 3 T
Authors: Goerke Steffen , Soehngen Yannick , Deshmane Anagha , Zaiss Moritz , Breitling Johannes , Boyd Philip S. , Herz Kai , Zimmermann Ferdinand , Klika Karel D. , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Paech Daniel , Ladd Mark E. , Bachert Peter 
Published: March 2019

PurposeRelaxation‐compensated CEST‐MRI (i.e., the inverse metrics magnetization transfer ratio and apparent exchange‐dependent relaxation) has already been shown to provide valuable information for brain tumor diagnosis at ultrahigh magnetic field strengths. This study aims at translating the established acquisition protocol at 7 T to a clinically relevant magnetic field strength of 3 T.MethodsProtein model solutions were analyzed at multiple magnetic field strengths to assess the spectral widths of the amide proton transfer and relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE) signals at 3 T. This prior knowledge of the spectral range of CEST signals enabled a reliable and stable Lorentzian‐fitting also at 3 T where distinct peaks are no longer resolved in the Z‐spectrum. In comparison to the established acquisition protocol at 7 T, also the image readout was extended to three dimensions.ResultsThe observed spectral range of CEST signals at 3 T was approximately ±15 ppm. Final relaxation‐compensated amide proton transfer and relayed nuclear Overhauser effect contrasts were in line with previous results at 7 T. Examination of a patient with glioblastoma demonstrated the applicability of this acquisition protocol in a clinical setting.ConclusionThe presented acquisition protocol allows relaxation‐compensated CEST‐MRI at 3 T with a 3D coverage of the human brain. Translation to a clinically relevant magnetic field strength of 3 T opens the door to trials with a large number of participants, thus enabling a comprehensive assessment of the clinical relevance of relaxation compensation in CEST‐MRI.
Ultrasonographic measurement of the cross‐sectional area of the axillary nerve
Authors: Yoon Joon Shik , Park Jung Hyun , Levin Joshua , Roh Eugene Y. , Park Hye Jung , Won Sun Jae 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe objectives of this study were to determine normal reference values for ultrasonographic measurement of the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the axillary nerve and to standardize the measurement methods.MethodsSixty healthy volunteers were evaluated. Ultrasonography was performed with the shoulder positioned in 100°–120° abduction and 90° external rotation. The CSA of the axillary nerve was measured bilaterally.ResultsThe normal CSA of the right axillary nerve was 2.9 ± 1.1 mm2. The side‐to‐side discrepancy was 22.8% ± 17.8%.DiscussionThese reference values may be helpful for investigating pathologies involving the axillary nerve.
Size Sorting in Bonytail Skews the Sex Ratio of Stocked Fish
Authors: Diver Tracy , Harrison Alexis , Knight William , Ulibarri Manuel , Wilson Wade 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
For sexually dimorphic species, size-based management can cause changes in the sex ratio of the target population. Bonytail Gila elegans populations in the Colorado River basin are augmented annually in an effort to re-establish wild populations. To increase survival rates of stocked individuals, the Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Program's Habitat Conservation Plan implemented a minimum stocking size. Anecdotal reports on hatchery populations suggest that females grow at a faster rate and reach larger sizes than males. If this observation is correct, a minimum stocking size may cause skewed sex ratios of stocked populations. To test this prediction, we compared average male and female lengths in 3-year-old fish from two cohorts before and after they were sorted by size. Our data support the observation that size in Bonytail is sexually dimorphic by age 3, with females being the larger sex. This is also the age at which fish begin to reach the minimum size to meet stocking requirements. As predicted, size-grading produced a significantly skewed sex ratio in the animals slated for release. The consequences of augmenting wild populations with groups of animals having skewed sex ratios are largely unknown but could include increased mate competition, inadvertent artificial selection, or a reduction in genetic diversity.
Nocturnal asthma is affected by genetic interactions between RORA and NPSR1
Authors: Gaertner Vincent D. , Michel Sven , Curtin John A. , Pulkkinen Ville , Acevedo Nathalie , Söderhäll Cilla , von Berg Andrea , Bufe Albrecht , Laub Otto , Rietschel Ernst , Heinzmann Andrea , Simma Burkhard , Vogelberg Christian , Pershagen Göran , Melén Erik , Simpson Angela , Custovic Adnan , Kere Juha , Kabesch Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeuropeptide S Receptor 1 (
NPSR1) and
Retinoid Acid Receptor‐Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORA ) interact biologically, are both known candidate genes for asthma, and are involved in controlling circadian rhythm. Thus, we assessed (1) whether interactions between
RORA and
NPSR1 specifically affect the nocturnal asthma phenotype and (2) how this may differ from other asthma phenotypes.MethodsInteraction effects between 24 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RORA and 35 SNPs in
NPSR1 on asthma and nocturnal asthma symptoms were determined in 1432 subjects (763 asthmatics [192 with nocturnal asthma symptoms]; 669 controls) from the Multicenter Asthma Genetic in Childhood/International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood studies. The results were validated and extended in children from the Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study (N = 723) and the Children Allergy Milieu Stockholm and Epidemiological cohort (N = 1646).ResultsRORA*
NPSR1 interactions seemed to affect both asthma and nocturnal asthma. In stratified analyses, however, interactions mainly affected nocturnal asthma and less so asthma without nocturnal symptoms or asthma severity. Results were replicated in two independent cohorts and seemed to remain constant over time throughout youth.ConclusionRORA*
NPSR1 interactions appear to be involved in mechanisms specific for nocturnal asthma. In contrast to previous studies focusing on the role of beta 2 receptor polymorphisms in nocturnal asthma as a feature of asthma control or severity in general, our data suggest that changes in circadian rhythm control are associated with nighttime asthma symptoms.
Boiogito prevents dietary lithocholic acid (LCA)‐induced cholestatic liver injury through the suppression of intestinal LCA absorption
Authors: Watanabe Shiro , Chen Zhuoer , Fujita Kyosuke 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAimThe effects of boiogito (BOT) on liver injury and on the changes in hepatic bile acid induced by dietary and i.p. lithocholic acid (LCA) treatment were examined in mice. Furthermore, we examined whether BOT alters the level of LCA in the cecum and feces after oral LCA loading.MethodsCholestatic liver injury was induced in mice by dietary or i.p. injection of LCA, and the effects of BOT on the development of cholestatic symptoms were evaluated. Bile acid in the cecum and in the feces in the LCA‐treated mice was measured on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and on thin‐layer chromatography, respectively.ResultsBOT prevented the development of cholestatic symptoms induced by dietary LCA but not that induced by i.p. LCA. LCA increased in the cecum of mice upon dietary LCA treatment, which was further increased by BOT. Fecal excretion of LCA in the mice after oral loading was enhanced by BOT.ConclusionBOT could suppress the intestinal absorption of LCA, which is a plausible explanation for the ameliorative effects of BOT on dietary LCA‐induced cholestatic liver injury in mice.
Fathers’ and Mothers’ Early Mind-Mindedness Predicts Social Competence and Behavior Problems in Childhood
Authors: Colonnesi Cristina , Zeegers Moniek A. J. , Majdandžić Mirjana , van Steensel Francisca J. A. , Bögels Susan M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractParental mind-mindedness, the parent’s propensity to treat the child as an intentional agent, has repeatedly shown to promote children’s development of social understanding and secure attachment. Less is known about whether the impact of maternal and paternal mind-mindedness extends to children’s social and behavior problems. We investigated the combined effect of mothers’ and fathers’ (N = 104) mind-mindedness at 4, 12, and 30 months on children’s social competence and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems at 4.5 years. Besides, we examined the stability, continuity, parental concordance, and inter-parental differences in the use of mind-related comments. Appropriate mind-mindedness (i.e., correct interpretations of the child’s mental states) and nonattuned mind-mindedness (i.e., misinterpretations of the child’s mental states) were observed during parent-child free-play interactions. Social competence, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems were assessed using both parents’ reports. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that, at 30 months, infrequent use of appropriate mind-related comments of both parents predicted children’s externalizing problems, while their frequent use of nonattuned comments predicted children’s low social competence. Furthermore, mothers’ frequent use of nonattuned comments at 12 and 30 months and fathers’ nonattuned comments at 30 months predicted children’s externalizing behavior. The findings suggest that both parents’ low use of mind-related comments, and frequent misinterpretations of their child’s mind, may act as risk factors for later social and behavior problems of their child.
The Platonic conception of intellectual virtues: its significance for virtue epistemology
Authors: Kotsonis Alkis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSeveral contemporary virtue scholars (e.g. Zagzebski in Virtues of the mind: an inquiry into the nature of virtue and the ethical foundations of knowledge, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996; Kvanvig in The intellectual virtues and the life of the mind, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, 1992) trace the origin of the concept of intellectual virtues back to Aristotle. In contrast, my aim in this paper is to highlight the strong indications showing that Plato had already conceived of and had begun developing the concept of intellectual virtues in his discussion of the ideal city-state in theRepublic. I argue that the Platonic conception of rational desires satisfies the motivational component of intellectual virtues while his dialectical method satisfies the success component. In addition, I show that Plato considersepistemeas the primary intellectual virtue.Episteme, which is quite similar to Pritchard’s (in: Pritchard, Millar, Haddock (eds) The nature and value of knowledge: three investigations, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010) conception of understanding, is a cognitive achievement that cannot be attained by luck or testimony. The realization that Plato was the first to conceive of and develop the concept of intellectual excellences is not merely of historic significance. I illustrate, through the example of Zagzebski’s (1996) virtue theory, how the Platonic conception of intellectual virtues could prove promising in contemporary debates on virtue epistemology theories.
Partnering for good? An analysis of how to achieve sustainability-related outcomes in public–private partnerships
Authors: Spraul Katharina , Thaler Julia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSince 1987, members of the United Nations have strived for improving sustainability to fulfill the vision of sustainable development. Current discussions focus on the role of collaborations between public and private actors to realize social, ecological, and economic sustainability. This study explores how public–private partnerships may contribute to the achievement of sustainability-related outcomes by analyzing a longitudinal case in the German public bathing and swimming pool sector. The empirical findings illustrate how both external conditions, such as regulation or industry-self regulation, and internal elements, such as specific structure and process elements of the public–private partnership, contribute to sustainability-related outcomes. Results reveal an interaction of specific external conditions and some internal elements. Our findings serve as a starting point for further empirical investigations of the sustainable provision of public services via public–private partnerships, and form a basis for theory development. The revealed insights result in practical implications for partners involved in public–private partnerships.
Undernourishment and recurrent seizures early in life impair Long‐Term Potentiation and alter NMDAR and AMPAR expression in rat hippocampus
Authors: Wearick‐Silva L.E. , Sebben A.D. , Costa‐Ferro Z.S.M. , Marinowic D.R. , Nunes M.L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUndernourishment is a global issue, especially in developing countries, affecting newborns and children in a vulnerable period of brain development. Previous studies of undernourishment models suggested a relationship between undernourishment and epilepsy. The exposure to both undernourishment and recurrent seizures early in life appears to have detrimental effects on the developing brain. This study aims to investigate the neurobiological consequences of undernourishment and recurrent seizures exposure early in life, investigating Long‐Term Potentiation (LTP) induction and gene expression of NMDA receptor subunits in the hippocampus during adulthood (P60). Animals were exposed to maternal deprivation protocol from P2 to P15 to control food intake in rat pups and Flurothyl‐induced seizures from P7 to P10. Electrophysiological records of hippocampal slices were recorded and gene expression of NR1A, NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, NR2D and BDNF were investigated. Animals exposed to undernourishment or recurrent seizures failed to promote LTP after stimulation. Furthermore, seizure exposure early in life led to increased expression of hippocampal NR1A, NR2A, NR2B, NR2C and NR2D when compared to controls. Interestingly, when animals were exposed to undernourishment paradigm early in life, this upregulation of NDMA subunits was absent. In conclusion, our study showed impaired LTP after undernourishment and recurrent seizures early in life, together with differential expression of NDMA expression in the hippocampus during adulthood.