bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maksilla ile Mandibulanın Sagittal Yön İlişkisini Gösteren Farklı Sefalometrik Parametrelerin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Büyükçavuş Muhammed Hilmi , KALE Burak 
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Kraniyofasiyal yapıların sagittal uyumsuzluğunu teşhis etmek amacıyla çok sayıda sefalometrik analiz önerilmiştir. Bu çalışmada amaç farklı sefalometrik iskeletsel analizlerin güvenilirliklerini ve geçerliliklerini karşılaştırmaktır. Materyal-Metot: Çalışmamıza farklı iskeletsel anomalilere sahip 72 hastanın lateral sefalometrik radyografi kayıtları (35 erkek, 37 kadın; ortalama yaş: 19,6 ± 2,3 yıl) dâhil edilmiştir. Hastaların lateral sefalometrik radyografilerinde ANB açısı, Wits ölçümü, Beta açısı, Yen açısı, Downs konveksite açısı ve W açısı ölçülmüştür. Hastalar lateral sefalogramlarda en sık kullanılan ANB açısına göre Sınıf I, II ve III gruplarına sınıflandırılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerin kendi aralarında geçerliliğini kontrol etmek için Pearson korelasyon yapılmıştır. Analizler ile iskeletsel sınıflamalar arasındaki ilişkiyi bulmak için ANOVA testi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Yapılan tüm analizler, her üç iskeletsel sınıflamanın değerleri için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark göstermiştir (p&lt;0,05). Ölçüm yapılan tüm sagittal yön analizlerin korelasyon değerleri yüksek bulunmuştur (±0.8&lt;r&lt;±1). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda yer alan sefalometrik sagittal analizlerin tümü güvenilirdir ve ortodontik tanıda birbirine alternatif olarak kullanılabilir.
Avaliação da Estabilidade Dimensional de Siliconas de Condensação
Authors: Lopes Luiz Artur Zenni , De Cezero Leonardo , Suzuki Roberto Makoto 
Published: September 2019

Foi avaliada a estabilidade dimensional de dois nomes comerciais de silicona de condensação em função de diferentes tempos de vazamento. Um modelo padrão metálico foi elaborado com dois cilindros de diferentes diâmetros e mesma altura. A partir desse foram obtidos 36 moldes através da técnica de moldagem de dois tempos, com um alívio uniforme de 1 mm em moldeiras padronizadas. Os moldes foram divididos em 6 Grupos (n=6): Zetaplus (Zermach) e Speedex (Vigodente) vazados nos tempos de 30 minutos, 36 horas e 72 horas respectivamente após a moldagem. Os moldes foram vazados com gesso tipo IV (Polidental) espatulado mecanicamenta à vácuo. As medições
foram feitas em três áreas distintas de cada cilindro: diâmetros mesio-distal, vestibulo-lingual e altura cérvico-oclusal e a distância entre os mesmos também foi registrada. Um aparelho de medição tridimensional por coordenadas com precisão de 0,002 mm (Zeiss) foi empregado nas mensurações. Os resultados mostraram diferença estatística na altura do cilindro de menor diâmetro e na distância entre os mesmos (ANOVA, p
Ações Preventivas contra o Câncer Bucal e Perfil da Doença no Estado da Paraíba
Authors: MEIRELES Sônia Saeger , COSTA Lino João da 
Published: September 2019

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo traçar o perfil dos portadores de câncer bucal, bem como desenvolver ações preventivas
contra a doença no Estado da Paraíba. Foram analisados 903 prontuários, sendo 812 arquivados no Hospital Dr. Napoleão
Laureano, em João Pessoa/PB, referentes ao período de 1998 a 2003 e 91 no Centro de Cancerologia Ulisses Pinto, em Campina Grande/PB, referentes ao período de 1999 a 2002. As palestras foram proferidas em 27 municípios utilizando-se de álbum seriado e folder informativo. Os dados foram coletados, tabulados e analisados através do software SPSS v.10.0. Observou-se que o sexo masculino (64,5%) e a faixa etária dos 61-80 anos (48,3%) apresentaram maior prevalência da doença. O tipo histológico predominante foi o Carcinoma espinocelular (98%), acometendo principalmente a língua (31,3%) e os lábios (24,7%). O Agreste (20,3%) e a Mata (19,5%) foram as macro-regiões do estado com maior número de registros dos casos. Verificou-se que o perfil dos portadores de câncer bucal não sofreu alterações significativas nos últimos anos, bem como falha dos serviços
odontológicos nos municípios, tornando-se importante à inclusão do cirurgião-dentista em programas de promoção de saúde, visando à prevenção e diagnóstico do câncer bucal.
Lesões de Cárie Proximais na Dentição Decídua: Freqüência de Lesões Homólogas
Authors: MARIATH Adriela Azevedo Souza , BRESSANI Ana Eliza Lemes , PITONI Carla Moreira , FOSSATI Ana Cristina , Araújo Fernando Borba de 
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste estudo transversal observacional foi avaliar a experiência de cárie na superfície proximal de molares decíduos quanto à ocorrência de comportamento bilateral e ao envolvimento de superfícies adjacentes. A população estudada foi o arquivo de pacientes do Ambulatório de Odontopediatria (UFRGS). Das 670 fichas de pacientes avaliadas, 208 possuíam radiografias interproximais bilaterais. As fichas dos indivíduos que apresentaram lesão de cárie e/ou restauração proximal (kappa intra-examinador: 0,84), com adequado contraste e ausência de sobreposição foram selecionados para a análise. As imagens radio-gráficas foram avaliadas aleatoriamente de acordo com a presença de lesões proximais/restaurações e posteriormente foi analisada a freqüência de acometimento em superfícies homólogas e adjacentes. Assim, 64 pares de radiografias interproximais
compuseram a amostra, com ocorrência de 81% de lesões cariosas em faces homólogas. Dentre estas, 58% apresentaram mais de um par de superfícies homólogas com lesão cariosa. Além disso, 48% dos indivíduos mostraram exclusivamente lesões de cárie em pares homólogos. As superfícies distais dos primeiros molares inferiores foram as mais acometidas pela ocorrência bilateral (41%). Outro aspecto analisado foi a ocorrência simultânea de lesões em faces proximais adjacentes: em 59% das crianças, ambas as faces de contato apresentaram lesão cariosa diagnosticada através da imagem radiográfica.
A partir da metodologia utilizada, concluiu-se que lesões cariosas de molares decíduos apresentam com-portamento bilateral em faces homólogas, o que representa uma informação útil durante a investigação de lesões em pacientes com experiência de cárie.
Avaliação da relação entre o grau de retenção dentária e o tipo de retalho mais indicado para a cirurgia de remoção de terceiros molares inferiores retidos
Authors: NUNES Leandro Soeiro de Souza , HEITZ Cláiton , LORO Raphael Carlos Drumond , SILVA Roberto Fernandes Carvalho e 
Published: September 2019

O tratamento cirúrgico de dentes retidos, especialmente os terceiros molares, é uma das atividades cirúrgicas realizadas com maior freqüência nos consultórios odontológicos. A localização das incisões e a escolha do tipo de retalho são determinadas em função do acesso desejado e das estruturas anatômicas relacionadas.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar quanto à cicatrização, deiscência de sutura e indicações, as incisões angulares com relaxante na mesial do segundo molar ou na distal do segundo molar, a incisão em envelope e a incisão em V.
Foram atendidos 34 pacientes que possuíam terceiros molares inferiores retidos. Os pacientes foram divididos nos quatro grupos de diferentes retalhos. Ao final do estudo, observou-se que o grau de retenção influencia no tipo de retalho escolhido.
Glycemic Outcomes in Adults With T1D Are Impacted More by Continuous Glucose Monitoring Than by Insulin Delivery Method: 3 Years of Follow-Up From the COMISAIR Study
Authors: Šoupal Jan , Petruželková Lenka , Grunberger George , Hásková Aneta , Flekač Milan , Matoulek Martin , Mikeš Ondřej , Pelcl Tomáš , Škrha Jan , Horová Eva , Škrha Jan , Parkin Christopher G. , Svačina Štěpán , Prázný Martin 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the clinical impact of four treatment strategies in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D): real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) with multiple daily insulin injections (rtCGM+MDI), rtCGM with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (rtCGM+CSII), self-monitoring of blood glucose with MDI (SMBG+MDI), and SMBG with CSII (SMBG+CSII).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This 3-year, nonrandomized, prospective, real-world, clinical trial followed 94 participants with T1D (rtCGM+MDI, n = 22; rtCGM+CSII, n = 26; SMBG+MDI, n = 21; SMBG+CSII, n = 25). The main end points were changes in A1C, time in range (70–180 mg/dL [3.9–10 mmol/L]), time below range (&lt;70 mg/dL [&lt;3.9 mmol/L]), glycemic variability, and incidence of hypoglycemia.

RESULTS
At 3 years, the rtCGM groups (rtCGM+MDI and rtCGM+CSII) had significantly lower A1C (7.0% [53 mmol/mol], P = 0.0002, and 6.9% [52 mmol/mol], P &lt; 0.0001, respectively), compared with the SMBG+CSII and SMBG+MDI groups (7.7% [61 mmol/mol], P = 0.3574, and 8.0% [64 mmol/mol], P = 1.000, respectively), with no significant difference between the rtCGM groups. Significant improvements in percentage of time in range were observed in the rtCGM subgroups (rtCGM+MDI, 48.7–69.0%, P &lt; 0.0001; and rtCGM+CSII, 50.9–72.3%, P &lt; 0.0001) and in the SMBG+CSII group (50.6–57.8%, P = 0.0114). Significant reductions in time below range were found only in the rtCGM subgroups (rtCGM+MDI, 9.4–5.5%, P = 0.0387; and rtCGM+CSII, 9.0–5.3%, P = 0.0235). Seven severe hypoglycemia episodes occurred: SMBG groups, n = 5; sensor-augmented insulin regimen groups, n = 2.

CONCLUSIONS
rtCGM was superior to SMBG in reducing A1C, hypoglycemia, and other end points in individuals with T1D regardless of their insulin delivery method. rtCGM+MDI can be considered an equivalent but lower-cost alternative to sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy and superior to treatment with SMBG+MDI or SMBG+CSII therapy.
Switching to iGlarLixi Versus Continuing Daily or Weekly GLP-1 RA in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled by GLP-1 RA and Oral Antihyperglycemic Therapy: The LixiLan-G Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Blonde Lawrence , Rosenstock Julio , Del Prato Stefano , Henry Robert , Shehadeh Naim , Frias Juan , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Souhami Elisabeth , Ji Chen , Aroda Vanita R. 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE
Fixed-ratio combinations of basal insulin plus glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) allow concomitant administration of two proven complementary injectable therapies for type 2 diabetes. This study investigated switching to a titratable fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving daily or weekly GLP-1 RA therapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
LixiLan-G, a randomized, open-label, 26-week trial, compared switching to iGlarLixi versus continuing prior GLP-1 RA in patients with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c 7–9% (53–75 mmol/mol) taking maximum tolerated doses of a GLP-1 RA daily (60% on liraglutide once daily or exenatide twice daily) or weekly (40% on dulaglutide, exenatide extended release, or albiglutide) with metformin with or without pioglitazone and with or without sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Adherence to randomized treatment was closely monitored throughout the study.

RESULTS
iGlarLixi (n = 257) reduced HbA1c more than continued GLP-1 RA therapy (n = 257) from a baseline 7.8% (62 mmol/mol) in both to 6.7% (50 mmol/mol) and 7.4% (57 mmol/mol), respectively, at 26 weeks (least squares mean difference −0.6%; P &lt; 0.0001). More iGlarLixi patients achieved HbA1c &lt;7% (53 mmol/mol) (62% vs. 26%; P &lt; 0.0001) and the composite of HbA1c &lt;7% without documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (&lt;54 mg/dL). Nausea and vomiting rates as well as numbers of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia events per patient-year were generally low but greater with iGlarLixi versus continued GLP-1 RA therapy.

CONCLUSIONS
Switching to iGlarLixi improves glucose control for patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on a maximum tolerated dose of a GLP-1 RA plus oral antihyperglycemic agents.
CAMPUH WARNA BASA RING SESOLAHAN WAYANG WONG SAKING SEKEHA WAYANG WONG GUNA MURTI DESA TEJAKULA SANE MAMURDA KATUNDUNG ANGGADA
Authors: Purwanata Komang Hendri , Wirani Ida Ayu Sukma , Rai Ida Bagus 
Published: September 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan (1) jenis campur kode menurut unsur-unsur bahasa dalam dialog pementasan wayang wong Guna Murti Desa Tejakula yang berjudul Katundung Anggada, (2) jenis-jenis campur kode menurut asal bahasa dalam dialog pementasan wayang wong Guna Murti Desa Tejakula yang berjudul Katundung Anggada, (3) faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya campur kode dalam dialog pementasan wayang wong Guna Murti Desa Tejakula yang berjudul Katundung Anggada, (4) manfaat campur kode dalam dialog pementasan wayang wong Guna Murti Desa Tejakula yang berjudul Katundung Anggada. Subjek dari penelitian adalah pementasan wayang wong yang berjudul Katundung Anggada. Objek penelitian adalah campur kode. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu tarnskrip video, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan seperti identifikasi data, reduksi data, klasifikasi data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yaitu, (1) jenis campur kode menurut unsur bahasa yaitu morfem, frasa, klausa, (2) jenis campur kode menurut asal bahasa, ada campur kode ke tengah, ada campur kode ke luar, dan ada campur kode campuran, (3) faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya campur kode yaitu, untuk menampilkan kelucuan, keceplosan, menyesuaikan tempat, pendengar mengerti yang diucapkan, mengikuti zaman, sesuai pengalaman, (4) manfaat campur kode yaitu dialog agar terarah dan nyambung, agar ada variasi bahasa, agar yang mendengarkan bisa mengerti.Kata kunci : campur kode, katundung anggada, wayang wong
NGAWIGUNAYANG APLIKASI PATIK BALI ANGGEN NINCAPANG KAWAGEDAN NYURAT PUPUH DURMA ANTUK MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR AND SHARE (TPS) SISIA KELAS XI BDPM C SMK NEGERI 1 SINGARAJA WARSA 2018/2019
Authors: Widiantari Ida Ayu Putu , Rai Ida Bagus , Wirani Ida Ayu Sukma 
Published: September 2019

Tetilikan puniki matetujon nelatarang (1) tata cara ngawigunayang model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS antuk aplikasi PaTik Bali ring palajahan nyurat pupuh Durma sisia XI BDPM C SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja (2) kawagedan sisia XI BDPM C SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja sawusan ngawigunayang model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS antuk aplikasi PaTik Bali ring palajahan nyurat pupuh durma, lan (3) panampen sisia XI BDPM C SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja indik kawentenan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS ring paplajahan nyurat durma. Tetilikan sane kamargiang puniki nganggen data deskriptif kualitatif lan kuantitatif. Jejering ring tetilikan puniki inggih punika guru basa Bali lan sisia kelas XI BDPM C SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja nglantur panandang tetilikan inggih punika pangajahan antuk model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS. Kramaning mupulang data inggih punika kramaning pratiaksa, tes miwah angket/kuesioner. Pikolih sajeroning tetilikan puniki inggih punika (1) tata cara guru ngawigunayang Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TPS antuk Aplikasi Patik Bali ring palajahan nyurat pupuh durma sampun nganutin pangrencana paplajahan, (2) ngawigunayang model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS prasida nincapang kawagedan sisia nyurat pupuh durma antuk Aplikasi PaTik Bali sisia kelas XI BDPM C SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja inggih punika nicap 4,97%, (3) ngawigunayang model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS prasida nglimbakan panampen becik saking sisia majeng ring pamlajahan nyurat pupuh durma antuk Aplikasi PaTik Bali sisia kelas XI BDPM C SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja inggih punika nincap 4,07%. Wenten ius sane becik lan signifikan ri sajeroning ngawigunayang Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TPS antuk Aplikasi PaTik Bali anggen nincapang kawagedan sisia nyurat pupuh durma. Kruna Jejaton : Model, kooperatif, TPS, aplikasi, aksara
NUREKSAIN KAANUTAN SESURATAN AKSARA BALI NGANGGEN NOTO FONT LAN APLIKASI WANTUAN PAPAN KETIK MULTILING O KEYBOARD
Authors: Antara Jaya I Made Dwi , Paramarta I Ketut , Rai I B 
Published: September 2019

Tetilikan puniki matetujon mahbahang (1) Paletan-paletan nyurat aksara Bali nganggen Noto Font ring aplikasi Multiling O Keyboard, (2) Kaanutan sesuratan aksara Bali ring uger-uger pasang lan wangun ring aplikasi Multiling O Keyboard (3) Kaluwihan lan kakirangan Noto Font lan aplikasi Multiling O Keyboard. Jejering tetilikan puniki Noto Font lan aplikasi wantuan Multiling O Keyboard. Panandang tetilikan puniki kaanutan sesuratan pasang lan wangun aksara Bali sakadi wangun, genah, sukat sane nenten nganutin pasang aksara Bali. Kramaning tetilikan sane kaanggen kramaning pratiaksa lan kramaning dokumentasi. Data tureksa sane kaanggen indentifikasi data, reduksi data, klasifikasi data, interpretasi data lan panyutetan. Pikolih tetilikan minakadi (1) paletan nyurat aksara Bali nganggen Noto Font lan aplikasi Multiling O Keyboard sane kadownload lan tata cara nganggen aplikasi marupa nlatarang panujuh nyurat aksara Bali ring aplikasi (2) Kaanutan sesuratan aksara Bali ring uger-uger pasang lan wangun saking aplikasi Multiling O Keyboard, minakadi sesuratan genah, wangun, lan sukating aksara Bali sane nenten manut ring uger-uger pasang lan wangun aksara Bali (3) Kaluwihan Noto Font lan aplikasi prasida nyurat online, marupa media sosial, taler kakirangannyane wantah prasida nganggen ring HP OS android versi 6.0 munggah lan nenten prasida nyurat offline. Kruna Jejaton: Noto Font, aplikasi aksara Bali
Discolouration of polyamide microcrystalline denture base plates after exposure to filter cigarette smoke
Authors: Jubhari Eri Hendra , Dangkeng Zulkarnain Wahid , Dangkeng Effendy 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Denture users with smoking habit often complain about colour changes in their dentures, especially on the base part. Polyamide microcrystalline is a thermoplastic denture base material and does not undergo many colour changes. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of filter cigarettes smoke exposure on the colour of polyamide microcrystalline materials. Methods: This study used posttest only control group design — Plate-Shaped sample with a size of 2 x 2 x 0.5 cm3. Nine samples as controls were immersed without exposure to the cigarette smoke, and 9 samples were immersed in artificial saliva with exposure to the filter cigarette smoke by six cycles, where one cycle was in the form of smoke exposure from one cigarette at 30-minute intervals. Cigarette exposure lasts for 21 days using a smoking simulation tool. Every seven days of exposure, colours were evaluated using a DSLR camera. The photos were then analysed with Adobe™ Photoshop in the CIELab colour space. The results were analysed afterwards by a one-way ANOVA variant test, and advance difference tests were analysed using a Post-Hoc test. Results: There was a significant colour change after exposure (p < 0.05), but the control group did not experience discolouration. The highest rate of colour change occurred in the second week, while in the third week the colour changes still occurred but tend to be stable. Conclusion: Exposure to the filter cigarette smoke changes the colour of polyamide microcrystalline denture base.Keywords: Polyamide microcrystalline, filter cigarette smoke, discolouration, denture base
Effect of lemon on saliva and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Batubara Natasya Angelyna , Lindawati Yumi 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Lemon juice contains citric acid. It is a highly antibacterial organic acid by gargling with, will be able to decrease the spreading of Staphylococcus aureus colony in saliva. The acid stimulation of lemon juice able to increase salivary secretion. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of gargling lemon juice of 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% concentrations towards the salivary flow rate, salivary pH, the number of Staphylococcus aureus colony, and also, correlation between salivary flow rate and pH, salivary flow rate and number of Staphylococcus aureus colony, and salivary pH and number of Staphylococcus aureus colony. Methods: This research conducted with a pre-and-post-test group design. Saliva was taken from 24 subjects before and after the subjects gargled with lemon juice. Measurements performed were salivary flow rate per minute, and salivary pH (using pH Hanna Instrument). The Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were placed in a Mannitol Salt Agar for 24 hours at 370C temperature, then the number of the colonies were counted (x103 CFU). Results: The Wilcoxon test results showed that lemon juice with 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% concentrations significantly increased the salivary flow rate and decreased the number of Staphylococcus aureus colony (p < 0.05). The result of the paired t-test showed that lemon juice with 25% and 12.5% concentration decreased the salivary pH significantly (p<0,05). The Pearson’s correlation results showed no significant correlation between salivary flow rate and salivary pH, flow rate and the number of Staphylococcus aureus colony, and salivary pH and number of Staphylococcus aureus colony. Conclusion: Lemon juice can decrease the salivary pH and the number of Staphylococcus aureus colony, but increases the salivary flow rate. It is considered to be good enough as one of the ingredients of mouthwash.Keywords: Flow rate, lemon, pH, saliva, Staphylococcus aureus
Inhibition of namnam (Cynometra cauliflora L.) leaves extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Ulpiyah Zakiyya , Shita Amandia Dewi Permana , Wahyukundari Melok Aris 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis growth should be prevented to minimise inflammation in periodontal tissues. Antibacterial herbs need to be considered because there are side effects caused by synthetic antibacterial drugs. Namnam (Cynometra cauliflora L.) leaves are known for having antibacterial effects. The purpose of this research was analysing the inhibition potential, and the highest inhibition concentration of namnam leaves extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methods: 24 samples were divided into 6 groups. The positive control group was given 0.2% chlorhexidine, and the treatment group was given various concentrations (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%) of namnam leaves extract. The disc which spilled by various concentrations of namnam leaves extracts and 0.2% chlorhexidine was placed on a medium which has been inoculated by P. gingivalis, then incubated at 37ºC for 48 hours. The inhibition zone was measured using a vernier calliper. Results: The concentration of 100% had the highest average inhibition zone value, which was 11.43 mm. The content in namnam leaves extracts which serve as antibacterial were tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins and quinones. Conclusion: Namnam leaves extract can inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis. 100% of namnam leaves extract has the highest antibacterial inhibition zone.Keywords: Antibacterial, Namnam leaves extract, periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis
Preliminary study on cells viability based on toxicity effect of varnish fluoride made from Indonesian de-waxed shellac
Authors: Djustiana Nina , Takarini Veni , Hasratiningsih Zulia 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Varnish fluoride has the ability to prevent enamel demineralization. De-waxed shellac that mostly used for fruits coating, now is applied as varnish fluoride materials. This de-waxed shellac is quite potential since the product can be found from Indonesian sources. The research aims to describe the toxicity effect of varnish fluoride made of de-waxed shellac by measuring the viability of the fibroblast cells. Methods: The research method that was used in this study is in vitro experimental method, which using the tooth that had been smeared with varnish fluoride contacted with fibroblast cells REF (Rat Embryonic Fibroblast) for 4, 8, and 24 hours. The toxicity effect of varnish fluoride was then measured by cell viability. Results The results show that the average cells viability on 4 hours contacted tooth was 88%, while average cells viability on 8 hours contacted tooth was 74%, and lastly the average cells viability on 24 hours contacted tooth was 63%. Conclusion: The conclusion of this preliminary study on cells viability based on toxicity effect of varnish fluoride made from Indonesian de-waxed shellac are different based on contacted time.Keywords: Cell viability, toxicity effect, varnish fluoride, Indonesian de-waxed shellac