bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test–retest variability of [11C]ABP688 estimates of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 availability in humans
Authors: Smart Kelly , Cox Sylvia M. L. , Nagano‐Saito Atsuko , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Leyton Marco , Benkelfat Chawki 
Published: June 2018

Abstract[11C]ABP688 is a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand that binds selectively to metabotropic glutamate type 5 receptors (mGluR5). The use of this tracer has identified receptor binding changes in clinical populations, and has been informative in drug occupancy studies. However, previous studies have found significant increases in [11C]ABP688 binding in the later scan of same‐day comparisons, and estimates of test‐retest reliability under consistent scanning conditions are not available. The objective of this study was to assess the variability of [11C]ABP688 binding in healthy people in scans performed at the same time of day. Two [11C]ABP688 scans were acquired in eight healthy volunteers (6 women, 2 men) using a high‐resolution research tomograph (HRRT). Scans were acquired 3 weeks apart with start times between 10:00am and 1:30pm. Mean mGluR5 binding potential (BPND) values were calculated across cortical, striatal and limbic brain regions. Participants reported on subjective mood state after each scan and blood samples were drawn for cortisol analysis. No significant change in BPNDbetween scans was observed. Variability in BPNDvalues of 11–21% was observed across regions, with the greatest change in the hippocampus and amygdala. Reliability was low to moderate. BPNDwas not statistically related to scan start time, subjective anxiety, serum cortisol levels, or menstrual phase in women. Overall, [11C]ABP688 BPNDestimates show moderate variability in healthy people. Reliability is fair in cortical and striatal regions, and lower in limbic regions. Future research using this ligand should account for this in study design and analysis.
The seven-gluon amplitude in multi-Regge kinematics beyond leading logarithmic accuracy
Authors: Del Duca Vittorio , Druc Stefan , Drummond James , Duhr Claude , Dulat Falko , Marzucca Robin , Papathanasiou Georgios , Verbeek Bram 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present an all-loop dispersion integral, well-defined to arbitrary logarithmic accuracy, describing the multi-Regge limit of the 2 → 5 amplitude in planar$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4super Yang-Mills theory. It follows from factorization, dual conformal symmetry and consistency with soft limits, and specifically holds in the region where the energies of all produced particles have been analytically continued. After promoting the known symbol of the 2-loopN-particle MHV amplitude in this region to a function, we specialize toN= 7, and extract from it the next-to-leading order (NLO) correction to the BFKL central emission vertex, namely the building block of the dispersion integral that had not yet appeared in the well-studied six-gluon case. As an application of our results, we explicitly compute the seven-gluon amplitude at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy through 5 loops for the MHV case, and through 3 and 4 loops for the two independent NMHV helicity configurations, respectively.
Tinnitus in patients with hearing loss due to mitochondrial DNA pathogenic variants
Authors: Lechowicz Urszula , Pollak Agnieszka , Raj-Koziak Danuta , Dziendziel Beata , Skarżyński Piotr Henryk , Skarżyński Henryk , Ołdak Monika 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Purpose
Tinnitus described as individual perception of phantom sound constitutes a significant medical problem and has become an essential subject of many studies conducted worldwide. In the study, we aimed to examine the prevalence of tinnitus among Polish hearing loss (HL) patients with identified mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants.

Methods
Among the selected group of unrelated HL patients with known mtDNA pathogenic variants, two questionnaires were conducted, i.e. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory translated into Polish (THI-POL) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for measuring subjectively perceived tinnitus loudness, distress, annoyance and possibility of coping with this condition (VASs). Pathogenic mtDNA variants were detected with real-time PCR and sequencing of the whole mtDNA.

Results
This is the first extensive tinnitus characterization using THI-POL and VASs questionnaires in HL patients due to mtDNA variants. We have established the prevalence of tinnitus among the studied group at 23.5%. We found that there are no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of tinnitus and its characteristic features between HL patients with known HL mtDNA variants and the general Polish population. In Polish HL patients with tinnitus, m.7511T>C was significantly more frequent than in patients without tinnitus. We observed that the prevalence of tinnitus is lower in Polish patients with m.1555A>G as compared to other available data.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that the mtDNA variants causative of HL may affect tinnitus development but this effect seems to be ethnic-specific.
Overexpression of SNF4 and deletions of REG1- and REG2-enhanced maltose metabolism and leavening ability of baker’s yeast in lean dough
Authors: Lin Xue , Zhang Cui-Ying , Meng Lu , Bai Xiao-Wen , Xiao Dong-Guang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Maltose metabolism of baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in lean dough is suppressed by the glucose effect, which negatively affects dough fermentation. In this study, differences and interactions among SNF4 (encoding for the regulatory subunit of Snf1 kinase) overexpression and REG1 and REG2 (which encodes for the regulatory subunits of the type I protein phosphatase) deletions in maltose metabolism of baker’s yeast were investigated using various mutants. Results revealed that SNF4 overexpression and REG1 and REG2 deletions effectively alleviated glucose repression at different levels, thereby enhancing maltose metabolism and leavening ability to varying degrees. SNF4 overexpression combined with REG1/REG2 deletions further enhanced the increases in glucose derepression and maltose metabolism. The overexpressed SNF4 with deleted REG1 and REG2 mutant ΔREG1ΔREG2 + SNF4 displayed the highest maltose metabolism and strongest leavening ability under the test conditions. Such baker’s yeast strains had excellent potential applications.
Health Promotion and Wellness Initiatives Targeting Chronic Disease Prevention and Management for Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Recent Advancements in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Taggart L. , Truesdale M. , Dunkley A. , House A. , Russell A. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim of this paper was to review the recent international developments in health promotion and wellness initiatives targeting chronic disease prevention and management for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) targeting type 2 diabetes (T2D).Recent FindingsThere has been one diabetes prevention program (STOP) and two self-management T2D education programs (DESMOND-ID; OK diabetes) adapted for this population. All three programs have been adapted from other theoretically informed and tested programs developed for the general population. Each program has employed co-design and co-production techniques with all stakeholders. The three programs all target the high-risk lifestyle factors that can lead to T2D and contribute to poor glycaemia control, and have undertaken randomized-feasibility studies, the results of which are promising.SummaryThis paper shows that any health promotion and wellness initiatives need to be tailored and reasonable adjustments made in order to address this population’s cognitive impairments and communication difficulties.
Structural Design of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Practical Application
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Li Xia , Adair Keegan , Zhang Huamin , Sun Xueliang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices that have the potential to deliver energy densities that supersede that of state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries. Due to their high theoretical energy density and cost-effectiveness, Li–S batteries have received great attention and have made great progress in the last few years. However, the insurmountable gap between fundamental research and practical application is still a major stumbling block that has hindered the commercialization of Li–S batteries. This review provides insight from an engineering point of view to discuss the reasonable structural design and parameters for the application of Li–S batteries. Firstly, a systematic analysis of various parameters (sulfur loading, electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio, discharge capacity, discharge voltage, Li excess percentage, sulfur content, etc.) that influence the gravimetric energy density, volumetric energy density and cost is investigated. Through comparing and analyzing the statistical information collected from recent Li–S publications to find the shortcomings of Li–S technology, we supply potential strategies aimed at addressing the major issues that are still needed to be overcome. Finally, potential future directions and prospects in the engineering of Li–S batteries are discussed.Graphical Abstract
Emotional engagement, educational aspirations, and their association during secondary school
Authors: Gutman Leslie Morrison , Schoon Ingrid 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTPrevious research has demonstrated the link between school engagement and academic attainment, but there is less understanding of the relationship between school engagement and educational aspirations. Using the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE), this study examines the association between emotional engagement and educational aspirations during secondary school, covering ages 14 to 16. On average, emotional engagement increased over time. A significant proportion of adolescents shifted from expressing uncertainty to aspiring to continue in education. Males were more likely than females to shift from aspiring to continue in education to planning to leave school early. Greater emotional engagement was associated with a lower likelihood of having low or uncertain aspirations, especially for high‐achieving, ethnic minority, and male adolescents. Findings highlight the importance of emotional engagement, particularly for those at risk of uncertain educational aspirations and those least likely to continue in education following post‐compulsory schooling.
Childhood sexual abuse and current suicidal ideation among adolescents: Problem‐focused and emotion‐focused coping skills
Authors: Yoon Yoewon , Cederbaum Julie A. , Schwartz Alix 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe present study aims to investigate whether problem‐focused and emotion‐focused coping skills were associated with suicidal ideation. In addition, we examined whether childhood maltreatment (i.e. physical, psychological, sexual abuse, and neglect) is a risk factor for later‐on suicidal ideation.MethodsYouths aged 16 or 18 (n = 307, 56% females) from San Diego and Seattle at Wave 6 and Wave 7 of the LONGSCAN were included in the study. We used hierarchical logistic regression.Results & Conclusions17.6% reported suicidal ideation. Those who reported better emotion‐focused coping were .80 times less likely to report suicidal ideation. However, even after controlling for coping skills, adolescents with sexually abuse histories were 3.08 times more likely to report suicidal ideation. Our findings suggest implications for early intervention efforts. Building youth assets through promotion of positive youth development may serve as a driving force to reduce negative outcomes in youth who have experienced sexual abuse.
Biomarkers of agitation and aggression in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Ruthirakuhan Myuri , Lanctôt Krista L. , Di Scipio Matteo , Ahmed Mehnaz , Herrmann Nathan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionAgitation is one of the most challenging neuropsychiatric symptoms to treat in Alzheimer's disease and has significant implications for patient and caregiver. A major source of difficulty in identifying safe and effective treatments for agitation is the lack of validated biomarkers. As such, patients may not be appropriately targeted, and biological response to pharmacotherapy cannot be adequately monitored.MethodsThis systematic review aimed to summarize evidence on the association between biomarkers and agitation/aggression in patients with Alzheimer's disease, utilizing the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association Research Framework and the Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools Resource of the Food and Drug Association‐National Institutes of Health Biomarker Working Group.ResultsThis review identified six classes of biomarkers (neuropathological, neurotransmitter, neuroimaging, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, inflammatory, and clusterin) associated with agitation/aggression, which were mostly diagnostic in nature.DiscussionFuture studies should investigate the predictive, prognostic, and monitoring capacity of biomarkers to provide insight into the longitudinal course of agitation/aggression, as well as predict and monitor biological response to a pharmacological intervention.
The impact of preanalytical variables on measuring cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: A review
Authors: Hansson Oskar , Mikulskis Alvydas , Fagan Anne M. , Teunissen Charlotte , Zetterberg Henrik , Vanderstichele Hugo , Molinuevo Jose Luis , Shaw Leslie M. , Vandijck Manu , Verbeek Marcel M. , Savage Mary , Mattsson Niklas , Lewczuk Piotr , Batrla Richard , Rutz Sandra , Dean Robert A. , Blennow Kaj 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of Alzheimer's disease, yet there is a lack of harmonized preanalytical CSF handling protocols.MethodsThis systematic review summarizes the current literature on the influence of preanalytical variables on CSF biomarker concentration. We evaluated the evidence for three core CSF biomarkers: β‐amyloid 42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau.ResultsThe clinically important variables with the largest amount of conflicting data included the temperature at which samples are stored, the time nonfrozen samples can be stored, and possible effects of additives such as detergents, blood contamination, and centrifugation. Conversely, we discovered that there is consensus that tube material has a significant effect.DiscussionA unified CSF handling protocol is recommended to reduce preanalytical variability and facilitate comparison of CSF biomarkers across studies and laboratories. In future, experiments should use a gold standard with fresh CSF collected in low binding tubes.
Late Cretaceous Construction of the Mantle Lithosphere Beneath the Central California Coast Revealed by Crystal Knob Xenoliths
Authors: Quinn D. P. , Saleeby J. B. , Ducea M. N. , Luffi P. , Asimow P. D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Pleistocene (1.65 Ma) Crystal Knob volcanic neck in the California Coast Ranges is an olivine‐plagioclase phyric basalt containing dunite and spinel peridotite xenoliths. Crystal Knob erupted through the Nacimiento belt of the Franciscan complex and adjacent to Salinian crystalline nappes. Its xenoliths sample the mantle lithosphere beneath the outboard exhumed remnants of the southern California Cretaceous subducting margin. This sample set augments previously studied xenolith suites in the Mojave Desert and Sierra Nevada, which linked the mantle lithosphere architecture and crustal structure of the western Cordillera. We examine six peridotite samples ranging from fertile lherzolites to harzburgite residues. Time‐corrected (εNd) of 10.3–11.0 and 87Sr/86Sr of 0.702 are characteristic of underplated suboceanic mantle. Pyroxene exchange geothermometry shows equilibration at 950–1060 °C. Phase stability, Ca‐in‐olivine barometry, and 65‐ to 90‐mW/m2 regional geotherms suggest entrainment at 45‐ to 75‐km depth. The samples were variably depleted by partial melting, and re‐enrichment of the hottest samples suggests deep melt‐rock interaction. We test the Crystal Knob temperature depth array against model geotherms matching potential sources for the mantle lithosphere beneath the Coast Ranges: (A) a shallow Mendocino slab window, (B) a young Monterey plate stalled slab, and (C) Farallon plate mantle nappes, underplated during the Cretaceous and reheated at depth by the Miocene slab window. Models B and C fit xenolith thermobarometry, but only model C fits the tectonic and geodynamic evolution of southern California. We conclude that the mantle lithosphere beneath the central California coast was emplaced after Cretaceous flat slab subduction and records a thermal signature of Neogene subduction of the Pacific‐Farallon ridge.
Acceleration of Northern Ice Sheet Melt Induces AMOC Slowdown and Northern Cooling in Simulations of the Early Last Deglaciation
Authors: Ivanovic R. F. , Gregoire L. J. , Burke A. , Wickert A. D. , Valdes P. J. , Ng H. C. , Robinson L. F. , McManus J. F. , Mitrovica J. X. , Lee L. , Dentith J. E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe cause of a rapid change in Atlantic Ocean circulation and northern cooling at the onset of Heinrich Stadial 1 ~18.5 ka is unclear. Previous studies have simulated the event using ice sheet and/or iceberg meltwater forcing, but these idealized freshwater fluxes have been unrealistically large. Here we use a different approach, driving a high‐resolution drainage network model with a recent time‐resolved global paleo‐ice sheet reconstruction to generate a realistic meltwater forcing. We input this flux to the Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 (HadCM3) climate model without adjusting the timing or amplitude and find that an acceleration in northern ice sheet melting (up to ~7.5 m/kyr global mean sea level rise equivalent) triggers a 20% reduction in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The simulated pattern of ocean circulation and climate change matches an array of paleoclimate and ocean circulation reconstructions for the onset of Heinrich Stadial 1, in terms of both rates and magnitude of change. This is achieved with a meltwater flux that matches constraints on sea level changes and ice sheet evolution around 19–18 ka. Since the rates of melting are similar to those projected for Greenland by 2200, constraining the melt rates and magnitude of climate change during Heinrich Stadial 1 would provide an important test of climate model sensitivity to future ice sheet melt.
Advancing Mg/Ca Analysis of Coralline Algae as a Climate Proxy by Assessing LA‐ICP‐OES Sampling and Coupled Mg/Ca‐δ18O Analysis
Authors: Light Tricia , Williams Branwen , Halfar Jochen , Hou Alicia , Zajacz Zoltan , Tsay Alexandra , Adey Walter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHigh‐latitude climate reconstructions are essential for discerning anthropogenic climate change from natural climate variability. Since observational high‐latitude climate records are rare prior to the satellite era, climate proxies such as the coralline algae Clathromorphum compactum are needed to generate these reconstructions. C. compactum is distributed across the northern high latitudes and documents environmental variability in the magnesium‐to‐calcium ratio (Mg/Ca) and δ18O composition of its calcite skeleton. Therefore, paired Mg/Ca and δ18O analyses in C. compactum are a promising new tool for reconstructing historic high‐latitude climate change. Here a new method for C. compactum Mg/Ca analysis, laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy (LA‐ICP‐OES), was verified through comparisons with parallel Mg/Ca transects using established techniques in a specimen from Labrador, Canada. Next, LA‐ICP‐OES Mg/Ca analysis in two specimens from Nunavut, Canada, was paired with δ18O analyses. While Mg/Ca data across all specimens captured seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) variability, Mg/Ca values differed in replicate transects within skeleton formed at the same time regardless of technique used. This reduces the effectiveness of C. compactum Mg/Ca as a SST proxy on interannual time scales. Mg/Ca values and δ18O composition differed between the two Nunavut specimens, and only one of them documented local SST, sea ice cover, and sea surface salinity. This indicates that climate archive verification is required for each unique coralline algal specimen. In the specimen from Nunavut verified here, paired Mg/Ca and δ18O analyses produced more robust sea ice cover/sea surface salinity reconstructions than δ18O analyses alone, supporting further development of this proxy system.
Monsoon Climate Change Projection for the Orographic West Coast of India Using High‐Resolution Nested Dynamical Downscaling Model
Authors: Jayasankar C. B. , Rajendran Kavirajan , Surendran Sajani 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn efficient, reliable very high resolution dynamical downscaling model, a regional climate model (Weather Research and Forecasting‐Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting) one‐way nested into skillful general circulation model (National Center for Atmospheric Research‐Community Climate System Model version 4), is configured and implemented for ecologically sensitive, densely populated west coast of India encompassing Western Ghats (WG) having complex, meridionally oriented orography and wide biodiversity. This model with 3 km resolution resolves orographic features enabling realistic simulation of physical and dynamical characteristics of present‐day Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and extreme events, particularly recent trends in ISM rainfall over WG as observed. Marked skill of this model provides confidence in its future climate projection at regional scale. Future ISM rainfall projection shows significant increase (reduction) over 50.7% (5.8%) of Indian grid points. Significant reduction (10–20% of mean) over WG is due to upper‐tropospheric warming effect that stabilizes the atmosphere. Projected changes in extreme events show overall increase in warm days and warm nights over India with maximum increase over South India. Projected changes show widespread increase in wet days over most of India and reduction over WG. Projection of consecutive dry days implies wetter future for most parts of India but strengthened drought conditions for WG. Wind extreme projection shows strengthened (weakened) low (high) winds probability over WG and increase (decrease) in very high (low) winds over central India. This study establishes the importance of (i) employing sufficiently high‐resolution model, (ii) using bias‐corrected boundary data, and (iii) configuring model for realistic present‐day climate over complex topographic coastlines such as the west coast, in order to obtain useful climate change information for adaptation measures.