bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Golden Hour After Injury Among Civilians Caught in Conflict Zones
Authors: Forrester Joseph D. , August Auriel , Cai Lawrence Z. , Kushner Adam L. , Wren Sherry M. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction:The term “golden hour” describes the first 60 minutes after patients sustain injury. In resource-available settings, rapid transport to trauma centers within this time period is standard-of-care. We compared transport times of injured civilians in modern conflict zones to assess the degree to which injured civilians are transported within the golden hour in these environments.Methods:We evaluated PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science databases for manuscripts describing transport time after trauma among civilian victims of trauma from January 1990 to November 2017.Results:The initial database search identified 2704 abstracts. Twenty-nine studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conflicts in Yugoslavia/Bosnia/Herzegovina, Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Israel, Cambodia, Somalia, Georgia, Lebanon, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Turkey were represented, describing 47 273 patients. Only 7 (24%) manuscripts described transport times under 1 hour. Transport typically required several hours to days.Conclusion:Anticipated transport times have important implications for field triage of injured persons in civilian conflict settings because existing overburdened civilian health care systems may become further overwhelmed if in-hospital health capacity is unable to keep pace with inflow of the severely wounded.
Management of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a low incidence area: A six-year experience in a university hospital
Authors: Emery Audrey , Jeanvoine Audrey , Bailly Pascale , Gbaguidi-Haore Houssein , Hocquet Didier , Bertrand Xavier 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe conducted a 6-year retrospective analysis of monitoring of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in a large hospital in a low CPE incidence area, and we evaluated the “search and isolate” strategy implemented. In total, 40 CPE isolates were collected from 32 patients, and only 1.4% of contact patients screened were CPE carriers.
Lecidea phaeophysata: a new saxicolous lichen species from western and southern Europe with a key to saxicolous lecideoid lichens present on Atlantic coasts
Authors: FRYDAY Alan M. , VAN DEN BOOM Pieter P. G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe new lichen species Lecidea phaeophysata is described from rocks close to the coast in Italy, Portugal, France and Ireland. Distinguishing features include Porpidia-type asci and simple paraphyses that are fuscous brown pigmented in their upper section. Its systematic position is discussed but is unclear as molecular data are lacking (all collections are c. 20 years old). Therefore, we chose to describe the species in a broadly-circumscribed Lecidea rather than erecting a new monotypic genus. A key to saxicolous lecideoid lichens present on Atlantic coasts in Europe is also provided.
Discoveries through social media and in your own backyard: two new species of Allographa (Graphidaceae) with pigmented lirellae from the Palaeotropics, with a world key to species of this group
Authors: JATNIKA Muhammad Feisal , WEERAKOON Gothamie , ARACHCHIGE Omal , NOER Iin Supartinah , VOYTSEKHOVICH Anna , LÜCKING Robert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe genus Graphis sensu Staiger was recently divided into two genera, Graphis s. str. and Allographa. The latter contains mostly species with robust lirellae with a well-developed, often massively carbonized excipulum. With one exception, it also contains all species with a pigmented, yellow to orange pruina on the lirellae. Until now, seven species of Allographa were known with this character, all present in the Neotropics and one also in Africa. Here we describe two further species, both from tropical Asia, thus extending the known distribution of Allographa species with pigmented lirellae to the entire tropics. Allographa kamojangensis Jatnika, Noer & Lücking sp. nov. from Indonesia (Java) was recognized as a new taxon on the social media Facebook site Lichens Connecting People. Detailed studies showed that it deviates from the neotropical A. firferi in the much larger ascospores and the orange, K+ immediately purple-violet pigment, and from A. lutea in the completely carbonized excipulum and the larger ascospores. Allographa jayatilakana Weerakoon, Arachchige & Lücking sp. nov. was discovered in the second author's backyard during a recent inventory of Graphidaceae in Sri Lanka. It differs from A. flavominiata in the much shorter ascospores, from A. firferi in the terminally muriform ascospores, and from A. ochracea in the yellow-orange, K+ yellow then slowly purple-violet pruina. A key is presented to all nine species of Allographa with pigmented lirellae.
Umbilicaria subpolyphyllaOxner: the correct name forU. ibericaSancho & Krzewicka and its bipolar distribution pattern
Authors: DAVYDOV Evgeny A. , BLUM Oleg B. , KASHEVAROV Grigory P. , GRAKHOV Vladimir P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTheUmbilicaria polyphyllaaggregate (U. polyphylla(L.) Baumg.,U. subpolyphyllaOxner andU. ibericaSancho & Krzewicka) is discussed based on morphological, chemical and molecular data.Umbilicaria ibericais proposed to be a later synonym ofU. subpolyphylla.The constructed nrITS + mtLSU phylogeny, which includes specimens with wide geographical ranges, shows that bothU. polyphyllaandU. subpolyphyllaare monophyletic and closely related. Both species have the same type of thalloconidia and identical secondary metabolites.Umbilicaria subpolyphyllahas prominent phenotypic differences when compared toU. polyphyllaincluding the monophyllous thallus with a dull upper surface and an elevated, slightly wrinkled centre, often covered with white pruina, and a medulla of the ‘U. havaasii’ type. Phylogenetic evidence for the bipolar distribution of bothU. polyphyllaandU. subpolyphyllais provided. Sympatric speciation in one region followed by long-distance dispersal seems to be the most plausible phylogeographical explanation for the observed patterns.Umbilicaria subpolyphyllais found in southern temperate-subtropical (Mediterranean) mountains, at least in Europe.
The World Bank’s Environmental and Social Safeguards and the evolution of global order
Authors: Dann Philipp , Riegner Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article analyses the World Bank’s environmental and social Safeguards against the backdrop of changing paradigms of global legal order. In January 2017, a new ‘Environmental and Social Framework’ (ESF) entered into force and replaced older ‘Safeguard Policies’ that had incrementally emerged since the 1980s in response to harmful impacts of investment projects financed by the Bank. The Safeguards reform epitomizes the changing structures and geopolitical shifts that shape international law in the twenty-first century and provides a fascinating looking glass on the evolution of global order since the end of the cold war. In this perspective, we see the first generation of Safeguards, introduced since the late 1980s, as an element of incremental legalization in the emerging global governance regime, a regime characterized by unipolar multilateralism and geopolitical dominance of ‘the West’. The 2016 reform not only reflects the increased politicization of global governance by civil society but also the emergence of a more competitive multilateralism, characterized by counter-institutionalization on the part of emerging powers like China. A comparison of the old and new Safeguards thus allows us to analyse different forms of contestation and resulting normative evolution in the key area of global governance of development and finance.
Estimating prevalence from dried blood spots without using biological cut-offs: application of a novel approach to hepatitis C virus in drug users in France (ANRS-Coquelicot survey)
Authors: Léon L. , Pillonel J. , Jauffret-Roustide M. , Barin F. , Le Strat Y. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Seroprevalence estimation using cross-sectional serosurveys can be challenging due to inadequate or unknown biological cut-off limits of detection. In recent years, diagnostic assay cut-offs, fixed assay cut-offs and more flexible approaches as mixture modelling have been proposed to classify biological quantitative measurements into a positive or negative status. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among drug users (DU) in France in 2011 using a biological test performed on dried blood spots (DBS) collected during a cross-sectional serosurvey. However, in 2011, we did not have a cut-off value for DBS. We could not use the values for serum or plasma, knowing that the DBS value was not necessarily the same. Accordingly, we used a method which consisted of applying a two-component mixture model with age-dependent mixing proportions using penalised splines. The component densities were assumed to be log-normally distributed and were estimated in a Bayesian framework. Anti-HCV prevalence among DU was estimated at 43.3% in France and increased with age. Our method allowed us to provide estimates of age-dependent prevalence using DBS without having a specified biological cut-off value.
Non-invasive management of obstructive sleep apnoea in a Fontan patient
Authors: Boutsikou Maria , Li Wei , Gatzoulis Michael A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn patients with CHD after Fontan palliation, there is a lack of a pumping chamber in the pulmonary circulation; thus, pulmonary blood flow and cardiac output are sensitive to increased pulmonary vascular resistance; if obstructive sleep apnoea is present, there are legitimate concerns from continuous positive airway pressure ventilation, which may hinder pulmonary blood flow.
Outcomes of low-intensity biopsy surveillance for rejection in paediatric cardiac transplantation
Authors: Evers Patrick D. , Jorgensen Neal , Hong Borah , Albers Erin , Kemna Mariska , Friedland-Little Josh , Boucek Robert J. , Law Yuk 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground:Significant inter-centre variability in the intensity of endomyocardial biopsy surveillance for rejection following paediatric cardiac transplantation has been reported. Our aim was to determine if low-intensity biopsy surveillance with two scheduled biopsies in the first year would produce outcomes similar to published registry outcomes.Methods:A retrospective study of paediatric recipients transplanted between 2008 and 2014 using a low-intensity biopsy protocol consisting of two surveillance biopsies at 3 and 12–13 months in the first post-transplant year, then annually thereafter. Additional biopsies were performed based on echocardiographic and clinical surveillance. Excluded were recipients that were re-transplanted or multi-organ transplanted or were followed at another institution.Results:A total of 81 recipients in the first 13 months after transplant underwent an average of 2 (SD ± 1.3) biopsies, 24 ± 6.8 echocardiograms, and 17 ± 4.4 clinic visits per recipient. During the 13-month period, 19 recipients had 24 treated rejection episodes, with the first at an average of 2.8 months post-transplant. The 3-, 12-, 36-, and 60-month conditional on discharge graft survival were 100%, 98.8%, 98.8%, and 90.4%, respectively, comparable to reported figures in major paediatric registries. At a mean follow-up of 4.7 ± 2.1 years, four patients (4.9%) developed cardiac allograft vasculopathy, three (3.7%) developed a malignancy, and seven (8.6%) suffered graft loss.Conclusion:Rejection surveillance with a low-intensity biopsy protocol demonstrated similar intermediate-term outcomes and safety measures as international registries up to 5 years post-transplant.
Trends and Characteristics of Security Incidents Involving Aid Workers in Health Care Settings: A 20-Year Review
Authors: Morokuma Nanami , Chiu Cindy H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroduction:In recent years, several high-profile attacks on hospitals providing medical aid in conflict settings have raised international concern. The International Humanitarian Law prohibits the deliberate targeting of health care settings. Violation of this law is considered a war crime and impacts both those delivering and receiving medical aid.Problem:While it has been demonstrated that both aid workers and health care settings are increasingly being targeted, little is known about the trends and characteristics of security incidents involving aid workers in health care compared to non-health care settings.Methods:Data from the publicly available Aid Worker Security Database (AWSD) containing security incidents involving humanitarian aid workers world-wide were used in this study. The security incidents occurring from January 1, 1997 through December 31, 2016 were classified by two independent reviewers as having occurred in health care and non-health care settings, and those in health care settings were further classified into five categories (hospital, health clinic, mobile clinic, ambulance, and vaccination visit) for the analysis. A stratified descriptive analysis, χ2 Goodness of Fit test, and Cochran-Armitage test for trend were used to examine and compare security incidents occurring in health care and non-health care settings.Results:Among the 2,139 security incidents involving 4,112 aid workers listed in the AWSD during the study period, 74 and 2,065 incidents were in health care settings and non-health care settings, respectively. There was a nine-fold increase from five to 45 incidents in health care settings (χ2 = 56.27; P &lt; .001), and a five-fold increase from 159 to 852 incidents in non-health care settings (χ2 = 591.55; P &lt; .001), from Period 1 (1997-2001) to Period 4 (2012-2016). Of the 74 incidents in health care settings, 23 (31.1%) occurred in ambulances, 15 (20.3%) in hospitals, 13 (17.6%) in health clinics, 13 (17.6%) during vaccination visits, and six (8.1%) in mobile clinics. Bombings were the most common means of attack in hospitals (N = 9; 60.0%), followed by gun attacks (N = 3; 20.0%). In health care settings, 184 (95.3%) were national staff and nine (4.7%) were international staff.Conclusion:Security threats are a growing occupational health hazard for aid workers, especially those working in health care settings. There is a need for high-quality data from the field to better monitor the rapidly changing security situation and improve counter-strategies so aid workers can serve those in need without having to sacrifice their lives.
Peer-Reviewed Validation of a Comprehensive Framework for Disaster Evaluation Typologies
Authors: Wong Diana F. , Spencer Caroline , Boyd Leanne , Burkle Frederick M. , Archer Frank 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroduction:The Comprehensive Framework for Disaster Evaluation Typologies, developed in 2017 (CFDET 2017), aims to unify and facilitate agreement regarding the identification, structure, and relationships between various evaluation typologies found in the disaster setting. A peer-reviewed validation process sought input from international experts in the fields of disaster medicine, disaster/emergency management, humanitarian/development, and evaluation. This paper discusses the validation process, its results, and outcomes.Research Problem:Previous frameworks, identified in the literature, lack validation and consistent terminology. To gain credibility and utility, this unique framework needed to be validated by international experts in the disaster setting.Methods:A mixed methods approach was designed to validate the framework. An initial iterative process informed an online survey which used a combination of a five-point Likert scale and open-ended questions. Pre-determined consensus thresholds, informed by a targeted literature review, provided the validation criteria.Results:A sample of 33 experts from 11 countries responded to the validation process. Quantitative measures largely supported the elements and relationships of the framework, and strongly supported its value and usefulness for supporting, promoting, and undertaking evaluations, as well as its usefulness for teaching evaluation in the disaster setting. Qualitative input suggested opportunities to strengthen and enhance the framework. There were limited responses to better understand the barriers and enablers of undertaking disaster evaluations. A potential for self-selection bias of respondents may be a limitation of this study. The attainment of high consensus thresholds, however, provides confidence in the validity of the results.Conclusion:For the first time, a framework of this nature has undergone a rigorous validation process by experts in three related disciplines at an international level. The modified framework, CFDET 2018, provides a unifying framework within which existing evaluation typologies can be structured. It gives evaluators confidence to choose an appropriate strategy for their particular evaluation in the disaster setting and facilitates consistency in reporting across the different phases of a disaster to better understand the process, outcomes, and impacts of the efficacy and efficiency of interventions. Future research could create a series of toolkits to support improved disaster evaluation processes and to evaluate the utility of the framework in the real-world setting.
Project Spraoi: a two-year longitudinal study on the effectiveness of a school-based nutrition and physical activity intervention on dietary intake, nutritional knowledge and markers of health of Irish schoolchildren
Authors: Merrotsy Alison , McCarthy Aoife L , Flack Jennifer , Lacey Sean , Coppinger Tara 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:To assess the effectiveness of a nutrition and physical activity (PA) intervention on dietary intake (DI), nutritional knowledge (NK), blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measures and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of schoolchildren.Design:Longitudinal study. DI, NK, BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), BP and CRF were all measured/calculated prior to (October 2014) and at the end of (June 2016) intervention delivery.Setting:Two primary schools (one intervention and one control), Cork, Ireland.Participants:Six-year-olds (n49; mean age = 6·09 (sd0·33) years) and 10-year-olds (n52; mean age = 9·90 (sd0·37) years).Results:There was a large and a moderate statistically significant difference between the change in systolic (P= 0·005, effect size (ES) = 0·165) and diastolic BP (P= 0·023, ES = 0·116), respectively, for 10-year-olds in the intervention and control groups. There was also a large statistically significant difference between the change in WHtR (P= 0·0005, ES = 0·386) and a moderate statistically significant difference between the change in NK (P= 0·027, ES = 0·107) for 10-year-olds in the intervention and control groups. There was a large statistically significant difference between the change in percentage of energy from protein in 10-year-old females (P= 0·021, ES = 0·276) in the intervention and control groups.Conclusions:Project Spraoi is Ireland’s first ever school-based intervention that has been evaluated and proven effective in improving DI, NK, WHtR and BP in older primary-school children in one intervention school.
PROOF SYSTEMS FOR VARIOUS FDE-BASED MODAL LOGICS
Authors: DROBYSHEVICH SERGEY , WANSING HEINRICH 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present novel proof systems for various FDE-based modal logics. Among the systems considered are a number of Belnapian modal logics introduced in Odintsov & Wansing (2010) and Odintsov & Wansing (2017), as well as the modal logic KN4 with strong implication introduced in Goble (2006). In particular, we provide a Hilbert-style axiom system for the logic $BK^{\square - } $ and characterize the logic BK as an axiomatic extension of the system $BK^{FS} $. For KN4 we provide both an FDE-style axiom system and a decidable sequent calculus for which a contraction elimination and a cut elimination result are shown.
The value of using mimic weeds in competition experiments in irrigated cotton
Authors: Charles Graham W. , Sindel Brian M. , Cowie Annette L. , Knox Oliver G. G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCrop plants have been used as mimic weeds to substitute for real weeds in competition studies. These mimic weeds have the advantages of availability of seed, uniform germination and growth, and the potential to confer better experimental controllability and repeatability. However, the underlying assumption that the competitive effects of mimic weeds are similar to real weeds has not been tested. We compared a range of morphological traits (plant height, node and leaf number, leaf area, leaf size, and dry weight) between the mimic weeds and real weeds: Japanese millet vs. junglerice, mungbean vs. bladder ketmia, and common sunflower vs. fierce thornapple. The impact of these mimic and real weeds on cotton was also assessed. There were similarities and differences between the mimic and real weeds, but impact on cotton lint yield was most closely associated with weed height and dry weight at mid-season. Mimic weeds may be satisfactorily substituted for real weeds in competition experiments where seasonal and environmental conditions are not limiting, such as with fully irrigated cotton, provided the plants have similar dry weight and height at mid-season. Alternatively, one can account for the differences in dry weight and height. We define here a generalized relationship estimating the yield loss of high-yielding, irrigated cotton from weed competition over a range of weed dry weights and heights, allowing extrapolation from the results with mimic weeds to the competitive effects of a range of weeds.
The Dark Side of Tinder
Authors: Sevi Barış 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Tinder is the leading online dating application. This study ( N = 271) explored the Dark Triad personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and sociosexuality as correlates of Tinder use. The results revealed that Tinder users had higher scores on the Dark Triad traits and sociosexuality, compared to non-users. Also, Tinder users with higher scores on the Dark Triad traits and sociosexuality significantly showed greater motivation to use Tinder for short-term mating; however, there was no significant relation with Tinder use and motivation for long-term mating. This finding supports the idea that Tinder can be a new venue for people high on the Dark Triad to pursue their short-term mating strategies.
Late Pleistocene Chronology of Sediments From the Yermak Plateau and Uncertainty in Dating Based on Geomagnetic Excursions
Authors: Wiers Steffen , Snowball Ian , O'Regan Matt , Almqvist Bjarne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Yermak Plateau is one of several regions in the Arctic Ocean where paleomagnetism yields controversial results. Despite low sedimentation rates, late Pleistocene paleomagnetic excursions have been reconstructed from many cores in the region, but they are characterized by considerably longer durations when compared to established ones. Self‐reversal during maghemitization of (titano)magnetite has been proposed as one explanation. Rock magnetic, 14C dating, sedimentological and stable isotope (δ18O) methods were employed to three new sediment cores to put paleomagnetic results in the context of the regional stratigraphy and chronology. Coherence of lithological parameters and δ18O variations validated the ratio of anhysteretic remanent susceptibility to bulk magnetic susceptibility (κARM/κ) as a parameter for cross‐core correlation. As established by earlier studies, we use the link between glacial/interglacial cycles and κARM/κ to tune our records to a global δ18O stack, which provides age models that are independent of radicarbon ages and paleomagnetic data. Our results show that zones of negative magnetic inclination are asynchronous across the plateau. Alternating field demagnetization data revealed that negative inclinations are contained in a medium‐high‐coercivity (>25–35 mT) magnetic phase that may be the result of postdepositional alteration of (titano)magnetite. We note a positive relationship between water depth and excursion duration, which may be driven by changes in water mass circulation on glacial/interglacial timescales.