bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in cerebral oxygen saturation and cerebral blood flow velocity under mild +Gz hypergravity
Authors: Konishi Toru , Kurazumi Takuya , Kato Tomokazu , Takko Chiharu , Ogawa Yojiro , Iwasaki Ken-ichi 
Published: June 2019

We previously reported that cerebral blood flow (CBF) was reduced by even mild +Gz hypergravity. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (C-rSO2) has been widely used to detect cerebral ischemia in clinical practice. For example, decreases in C-rSO2reflect reduced CBF or arterial oxygen saturation. Thus it was hypothesized that C-rSO2would decrease in association with reduced CBF during mild hypergravity. To test this hypothesis, we measured CBF velocity by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and C-rSO2during mild +Gz hypergravity while participants were in a sitting position. Among 17 male participants, 15 completed 21 min of exposure to +1.5 Gz generated by short-arm centrifuge. C-rSO2and mean CBF velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCBFVMCA) during centrifugation were averaged every 5 min and compared with pre-hypergravity (+1.0 Gz). C-rSO2did not change significantly throughout centrifugation, although MCBFVMCAgradually decreased from the beginning (−1.2% at 0–5 min), and significantly decreased at 5–10 min (−4.8%), 10–15 min (−6.7%), and 15–20 min (−7.4%). Contrary to our hypothesis, decreases in C-rSO2were not detected, despite reductions in CBF velocity during hypergravity. Since some assumptions, such as unaltered arteriovenous volume ratio, hemoglobin concentration, extracranial blood flow, and brain activity, need to be satisfied to monitor cerebral ischemia by C-rSO2, the present results suggest that these necessary assumptions for near-infrared spectroscopy are not always applicable, and that cerebral oxygenation may not precisely reflect decreases in CBF under mild +Gz hypergravity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate simultaneously cerebral oxygenation monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy and cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitored by transcranial Doppler under +1.5 Gz hypergravity. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no significant correlation between CBF velocity and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (C-rSO2). However, an incomplete case nearly involving syncope suggests the possibility that C-rSO2can detect a remarkable decrease in CBF with development of presyncope during +Gz hypergravity.
Noninvasive quantification of macrophagic lung recruitment during experimental ventilation-induced lung injury
Authors: Bitker Laurent , Costes Nicolas , Le Bars Didier , Lavenne Franck , Orkisz Maciej , Hernandez Hoyos Marcela , Benzerdjeb Nazim , Devouassoux Mojgan , Richard Jean-Christophe 
Published: June 2019

Macrophagic lung infiltration is pivotal in the development of lung biotrauma because of ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). We assessed the performance of [11C](R)-PK11195, a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer binding the translocator protein, to quantify macrophage lung recruitment during experimental VILI. Pigs ( n = 6) were mechanically ventilated under general anesthesia, using protective ventilation settings (baseline). Experimental VILI was performed by titrating tidal volume to reach a transpulmonary end-inspiratory pressure (∆PL) of 35–40 cmH2O. We acquired PET/computed tomography (CT) lung images at baseline and after 4 h of VILI. Lung macrophages were quantified in vivo by the standardized uptake value (SUV) of [11C](R)-PK11195 measured in PET on the whole lung and in six lung regions and ex vivo on lung pathology at the end of experiment. Lung mechanics were extracted from CT images to assess their association with the PET signal. ∆PL increased from 9 ± 1 cmH2O under protective ventilation, to 36 ± 6 cmH2O during experimental VILI. Compared with baseline, whole-lung [11C](R)-PK11195 SUV significantly increased from 1.8 ± 0.5 to 2.9 ± 0.5 after experimental VILI. Regional [11C](R)-PK11195 SUV was positively associated with the magnitude of macrophage recruitment in pathology ( P = 0.03). Compared with baseline, whole-lung CT-derived dynamic strain and tidal hyperinflation increased significantly after experimental VILI, from 0.6 ± 0 to 2.0 ± 0.4, and 1 ± 1 to 43 ± 19%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, both were significantly associated with regional [11C](R)-PK11195 SUV. [11C](R)-PK11195 lung uptake (a proxy of lung inflammation) was increased by experimental VILI and was associated with the magnitude of dynamic strain and tidal hyperinflation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We assessed the performance of [11C](R)-PK11195, a translocator protein-specific positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, to quantify macrophage lung recruitment during experimental ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). In this proof-of-concept study, we showed that the in vivo quantification of [11C](R)-PK11195 lung uptake in PET reflected the magnitude of macrophage lung recruitment after VILI. Furthermore, increased [11C](R)-PK11195 lung uptake was associated with harmful levels of dynamic strain and tidal hyperinflation applied to the lungs.
Temporal and spatial determinants of route selection in homing seabirds
Authors: Shiomi Kozue , Sato Katsufumi , Katsumata Nobuhiro , Yoda Ken 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Time of day is recognized as an important behaviour modulator of wild animals mainly via physical environmental changes such as temperature and light intensity. These temporal factors can also affect animal movements (i.e., changes of locations) and consequent distribution. However, while it is commonly observed in diverse taxa that an animal’s attendance at a specific site concentrates within a narrow time window, how time influences the route selections of traveling animals in the course of their movements through to the end point is still not well understood. In this study, we quantified temporal and spatial patterns in the homing paths of streaked shearwaters Calonectris leucomelas, which are present at the breeding colony exclusively after sunset, to investigate how time constrains their movement strategy for homing from at-sea foraging areas. We tracked the foraging trips using GPS loggers in chick-rearing seasons for five years. In addition, in one year we conducted displacement experiments, releasing birds at sea at three different times of the day (midday, sunset and night-time) to impose time constraints on homeward movements. The movement paths revealed that the time of sunset was key to their decision of timing and in route selections during homing. Most birds returning from foraging trips reached the coastal area around sunset by adjusting travel timing and directions, despite variation in foraging areas, and flew along the coastline to the breeding island. Meanwhile, most birds released offshore stopped flights around sunset and waited on the water surface for sunrise before restarting their homeward movements. Birds therefore avoid offshore traveling at night, appearing to preferentially use diurnal cues for homing at sea. This study demonstrates the importance of timing as well as geographic features for homing decisions of streaked shearwaters and confirms that both spatial and temporal cognitive abilities are well developed in seabirds.
Acoustically different contact calls of mother and young goitred gazelle are equally individualized: is this a common relationship in ruminants?
Authors: Volodin Ilya A. , Sibiryakova Olga V. , Soldatova Natalia V. , Volodina Elena V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Relationships between individualization and the acoustics of contact calls in ungulate mother and young are different between taxa. We compared the acoustic variables and individuality of adult female and neonate goitred gazelles Gazella subgutturosa. Discriminant function analysis based on six acoustic variables of nasal (closed-mouth) contact calls similarly accurately classified calls to neonate and adult individuals in spite of the prominent differences in the acoustic resonances (formants) and the mean fundamental frequency of their calls. In addition, we found prominent differences in duration, mean fundamental frequency and frequencies of the first four formants between nasal and oral (open-mouth) contact calls within and between adult and neonate age-classes. We discuss the effects on the acoustics of call production mode (oral versus nasal) and the relationship of acoustic differences and individuality in mother and young contact calls across species of ruminants (Bovidae and Cervidae).
Persisting Gaps in Coverage and Services of Illinois Women Who Acquired Insurance After Implementation of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Bergo Cara Jane , Dominik Bethany , Sanz Stephanie , Rankin Kristin , Handler Arden 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: Before implementation of the Affordable Care Act, many uninsured women in Illinois received care through safety-net programs. The new law allowed them to acquire health insurance through Medicaid or the Illinois Health Exchange. We examined (1) the health care experiences of such women who previously used a safety-net program and acquired this new coverage and (2) persisting gaps in coverage for breast and cervical cancer services and other health care services. Methods: We interviewed a stratified random sample of 400 women aged 34-64 in Illinois each year during 2015-2017 (total N = 1200). We used multivariable logistic regression models to determine the association between health insurance status (Illinois Health Exchange vs Medicaid) and past 12-month gaps in coverage (ie, delaying care, not having a recent mammogram, having a medical cost, and having a medical cost not covered) for the 360 women who were former participants of the Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for race/ethnicity, age, income, and education. Results: We found no significant differences by health insurance status in the prevalence of delaying preventive, chronic, or sick care; timeliness of the most recent mammogram; and having a major medical cost. However, of women who reported a major medical cost, women with health insurance through the Illinois Health Exchange had a higher prevalence of not having a cost covered than women with Medicaid (adjusted OR = 4.86; 95% CI, 1.48-16.03). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that many women who gained health insurance lacked adequate coverage and services. Safety-net programs will likely continue to play an essential role in supporting women as they navigate a complex system.
An ecological study of NHS funded elective hip arthroplasties in England from 2003/04 to 2012/13
Authors: Sutaria Shailen , Kirkwood Graham , Pollock Allyson M 
Published: June 2019

Objectives To examine the impact of NHS-funded private provision on NHS provision, access and inequalities. Design Ecological study using routinely collected NHS inpatient data. Setting England. Participants All individuals undergoing an NHS-funded elective hip arthroplasty in England from 2003/2004 to 2012/2013. Main outcome measures Annual crude and standardised rates of hip arthroplasties per 100,000 population performed by NHS and private providers between 2004/2005 and 2012/2013. Results Age standardised rates of hip arthroplasty increased from 116.4 (95% CI 115.4–117.4) to 148.7 (147.6–149.8) per 100,000 between 2004/2005 and 2012/2013. Provision shifted from NHS providers to private providers from 2007/2008; NHS provision decreased 8.6% and private provision increased 188% between 2007/2008 and 2012/2013. There is evidence of risk selection; private sector hip arthroplasties on NHS patients from the most affluent areas increased 228% from 10.8 (10.2–11.5) to 35.4 (34.3–36.5) per 100,000 compared to an increase of 186% from 8.8 (8.1–9.4) to 25.2 (24.1–26.4) per 100,000 among patients from the least affluent areas between 2007/2008 and 2012/2013. There was no statistically significant (p > 0.05) widening in any measure of inequality (absolute, relative difference and slope and relative slope of index inequality) in hip arthroplasty rates between 2004/2005 and 2012/2013. Conclusion Private provision substituted for NHS provision and did not add to overall provision favouring patients living in the most affluent area. Continuing the trend towards private provision and reducing NHS provision is likely to result in risk selection and widening inequalities in provision of elective hip arthroplasty in England.
Decreased Graft Thickness Is Associated With Subchondral Cyst Formation After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Knee
Authors: Ackermann Jakob , Merkely Gergo , Shah Nehal , Gomoll Andreas H. 
Published: June 2019

Background:Subchondral changes, specifically cyst formation, are a known finding after osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose was to determine potential predictive associations between preoperative patient characteristics or OCA morphology and postoperative OCA appearance as assessed by the osteochondral allograft magnetic resonance imaging scoring system (OCAMRISS) at 6-month follow-up. It was hypothesized that preoperative patient factors or OCA morphology is associated with postoperative OCAMRISS scores.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:This study evaluated 74 OCAs that were implanted in the femoral condyles of 63 patients for the treatment of symptomatic osteochondral defects in the knee. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was obtained at a mean ± SD follow-up of 5.5 ± 1.0 months. A musculoskeletal radiologist scored all grafts according to the OCAMRISS. Point biserial correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher exact test, and chi-square test were used to distinguish associations between OCAMRISS subscales and age, sex, smoker status, body mass index, previous surgery, concomitant surgery, bone marrow augmentation, graft location, graft size, and bony graft thickness.Results:OCA bony thickness showed significant correlation with cystic changes at the graft-host junction ( P = .019). Grafts with cystic formation were significantly thinner than grafts without cystic changes ( P = .008). The odds ratio for grafts with <5-mm bony thickness demonstrating cystic changes was 4.9 (95% CI, 1.5-16.1; P = .009). Bony graft thickness was not associated with graft integration, but 40% of grafts with a bony thickness >9 mm presented with a residual osseous cleft, as opposed to 11.3% of thinner grafts ( P = .1). The augmentation with bone marrow aspirate did not affect osseous graft integration or subchondral cystic formation ( P = .375 and P = .458, respectively).Conclusion:Osteochondral allograft thickness is associated with subchondral cyst formation at short-term follow-up. Thin grafts demonstrate a substantially increased risk of developing subchondral cysts at the graft-host junction after OCA transplantation. Conversely, thicker grafts may negatively affect osseous graft integration. Hence, surgeons should be aware of the potential pitfalls of transplanting thin or thick grafts regarding cystic formation and delay of osseous integration after cartilage resurfacing.
How Do Fruit and Vegetable Markets Operate in Rural India? A Qualitative Study of the Impact of Supply and Demand on Nutrition Security
Authors: Kehoe Sarah H. , Dhurde Varsha , Bhaise Shilpa , Kale Rashmi , Kumaran Kalyanaraman , Gelli Aulo , Rengalakshmi R. , Sahariah Sirazul A. , Potdar Ramesh D. , Fall Caroline H. D. 
Published: June 2019

Background: Diets in rural India are cereal based with low intakes of micronutrient-rich foods. The value chains for nutrition approach aims to study supply and demand of such foods. This may aid in development of interventions to improve diets and livelihoods. Objectives: (1) To identify how fruit and vegetables are accessed, (2) to describe and map the structure of value chains for exemplar foods, (3) to understand how foods are priced, and (4) to explore factors that affect decisions about which crops are grown, marketed, and sold. Methods: After stakeholder consultation, we identified 2 fruits (mango and guava) and 2 vegetables (shepu and spinach) as exemplar foods. Criteria for these exemplar foods were that they should be known to participants and there should be variability in intakes. We held 24 interviews with value chain actors including farmers, wholesalers, and vendors of the exemplar foods. Data collection was stopped when no new information emerged. We used inductive thematic coding for our analysis. Results: The value chains for each of the exemplar foods were relatively simple and involved farmers, middlemen, and vendors at either city or village level. The main themes identified as being factors considered when making decisions about which foods to grow and sell were (1) farming resources and assets, (2) quality of produce, (3) environmental conditions, (4) financial factors, (5) transport availability, and (6) consumer demand. Conclusions: There are opportunities to intervene within fruit and vegetable value chains to increase availability, affordability, and access to produce in rural India. Future research is required to determine which interventions will be feasible, effective, and acceptable to the community and other stakeholders.
The doctor in my pocket: examining mobile approaches to personal wellbeing
Authors: Crosswell Laura H 
Published: June 2019

Aims: Today’s democratized media access, online engagement, and digital clout offer global opportunities for individual influence and customized messaging strategies. As such, public health initiatives are dramatically changing as target audiences decide where to place their time and attention regarding health information. This article reports on ways in which health professionals and mobile techies are teaming up to create pocket platforms for personal wellbeing. The following work also considers how healthcare digitization and mobilization operate in relation to public wellbeing. Methods: Using a double round Delphi survey, nine industry experts were asked about the impact of new media tools on health initiatives and subsequent healthcare behaviors. The panel also addressed the impact and efficacy of the mobile health movement. Results: Expert testimony identified ways in which millennial media can encourage (and sometimes prevent) improved patient, community, and population health outcomes. Industry leaders further addressed strategic moves healthcare professionals are making to ensure personal healthcare communication remains relevant, accessible, and attainable for the general public. Clear themes emerged throughout the iterative Delphi process, resulting in the overarching categories of information access, information literacy, patient privacy, patient accountability, physician engagement, and healthcare quality. Conclusions: This work connects theory with practice by examining developing health communication strategies through compliance-gaining choice models and modern marketing research. Findings delineate best practices for health communication and administration in the digital age, providing both a critical account of and practical approach to healthcare messaging within the millennial context. Results call attention to the impact of media platforms on information distribution, adaptive communication strategies, and overall health communication processes. The study invites further discussion regarding digital shifts in healthcare messaging and subsequent influences on patient/consumer compliance.
Is Arthroscopic Transosseous Rotator Cuff Repair Strength Dependent on the Tunnel Angle?
Authors: Bronsnick Daniel , Pastor Andrew , Peresada Dmitriy , Amirouche Farid , Solitro Giovanni Francesco , Goldberg Benjamin A. 
Published: June 2019

Background: Previous studies have aimed to biomechanically improve the transosseous tunnel technique of rotator cuff repair. However, no previous work has addressed tunnel inclination at the time of surgery as an influence on the strength of the repair construct. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the tunnel angle and entry point would influence the biomechanical strength of the transosseous tunnel in rotator cuff repair. Additionally, we investigated how tunnel length and bone quality affect the strength of the repair construct. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Mechanical testing was performed on 10 cadaveric humeri. Variations in the bone tunnel angle were imposed in the supraspinatus footprint to create lateral tunnels with inclinations of 30°, 45°, and 90° relative to the longitudinal axis of the humeral shaft. A closed loop of suture was passed through the bone tunnel, and cyclic loading was applied until failure of the construct. Load to failure and distance between entry points were the dependent variables. Analysis of variance, post hoc paired t tests, and the Bonferroni correction were used to analyze the relationship between the tunnel angle and failure load. The Pearson correlation coefficient was then used to evaluate the correlation of the distance between entry points to the ultimate failure load, and t tests were used to compare failure loads between healthy and osteoporotic bone. Results: Tunnels drilled perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis (90°) achieved the highest mean failure load (167.51 ± 48.35 N). However, there were no significant differences in the failure load among the 3 tested inclinations. Tunnels drilled perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis (90°) measured 13.86 ± 1.35 mm between entry points and were significantly longer ( P = .03) than the tunnels drilled at 30° and 45°. We found no correlation of the distance between entry points and the ultimate failure load. Within the scope of this study, we could not identify a significant effect of bone quality on failure load. Conclusion: The tunnel angle does not influence the strength of the bone-suture interface in the transosseous rotator cuff repair construct. Clinical Relevance: The transosseous technique has gained popularity in recent years, given its arthroscopic use. These findings suggest that surgeons should not focus on the tunnel angle as they seek to maximize repair strength.
Management of Pre-existing Macular Edema With Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Eyes Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Authors: Smith Bradley T. , Banda Himanshu K. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of intraocular dexamethasone implant (IDI) for pre-existing macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO), diabetes, and uveitis in eyes undergoing cataract surgery. Methods: A retrospective, noncomparative study was conducted. The medical record database was searched for patients meeting criteria of macular edema treated with IDI prior to cataract surgery. Results: Twenty-two patients had macular edema due to RVO (14 or 63.6%), diabetes (5 or 22.7%), or uveitis (3 or 13.6%). None had complications during cataract surgery. Thirteen (60%) were female with a mean age of 64 years (range, 25-82 years). The mean interval of dexamethasone implantation to cataract extraction was 49 days. The mean interval to follow-up optical coherence tomography was 65 days. Mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity (VA) improved from .94 (20/150–) to .56 (20/70+) ( P = .004), with an average gain in VA measuring +0.37 logMAR (3 line gain). Mean central retinal thickness decreased from 474 to 378 μm ( P = .006) with an average reduction of 96 μm ( P = .006). Mean macular volume decreased from 10.29 mm3 to 9.78 mm3 ( P = .0002) with an average reduction of 0.51 mm3. Two patients developed postoperative ocular hypertension requiring treatment with topical antihypertensive agents. One had a combined glaucoma filtering procedure at the time of cataract surgery because of a history of ocular hypertension. Conclusions: The majority of this cohort had improved macular edema due to RVO, diabetes, and noninfectious uveitis while undergoing cataract surgery. IDI is an effective and safe treatment in these at-risk eyes.