bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative weather effects can impact across the whole life cycle
Authors: Hindle Bethan J. , Pilkington Jill G. , Pemberton Josephine M. , Childs Dylan Z. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPredicting how species will be affected by future climatic change requires the underlying environmental drivers to be identified. As vital rates vary over the lifecycle, structured population models derived from statistical environment–demography relationships are often used to inform such predictions. Environmental drivers are typically identified independently for different vital rates and demographic classes. However, these rates often exhibit positive temporal covariance, suggesting that vital rates respond to common environmental drivers. Additionally, models often only incorporate average weather conditions during a single, a priori chosen time window (e.g. monthly means). Mismatches between these windows and the period when the vital rates are sensitive to variation in climate decrease the predictive performance of such approaches. We used a demographic structural equation model (SEM) to demonstrate that a single axis of environmental variation drives the majority of the (co)variation in survival, reproduction, and twinning across six age–sex classes in a Soay sheep population. This axis provides a simple target for the complex task of identifying the drivers of vital rate variation. We used functional linear models (FLMs) to determine the critical windows of three local climatic drivers, allowing the magnitude and direction of the climate effects to differ over time. Previously unidentified lagged climatic effects were detected in this well‐studied population. The FLMs had a better predictive performance than selecting a critical window a priori, but not than a large‐scale climate index. Positive covariance amongst vital rates and temporal variation in the effects of environmental drivers are common, suggesting our SEM–FLM approach is a widely applicable tool for exploring the joint responses of vital rates to environmental change.
Efficacy of a newly developed auditory–cognitive training system on speech recognition, central auditory processing and cognitive ability among older adults with normal cognition and with neurocognitive impairment
Authors: Yusof Yusmeera , Mukari Siti Zamratol‐Mai Sarah , Dzulkifli Mariam Adawiah , Chellapan Kalaivani , Ahmad Kartini , Ishak Ismarulyusda , Maamor Nashrah , Ishak Wan Syafira 
Published: June 2019

AimTo evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed auditory–cognitive training system on speech recognition, central auditory processing and cognition among older adults with normal cognition (NC) and with neurocognitive impairment (NCI).MethodsA double‐blind quasi‐experiment was carried out on NC (n = 43) and NCI (n = 33) groups. Participants in each group were randomly assigned into treatment and control programs groups. The treatment group underwent auditory–cognitive training, whereas the control group was assigned to watch documentary videos, three times per week, for 8 consecutive weeks. Study outcomes that included Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Malay Hearing in Noise Test, Dichotic Digit Test, Gaps in Noise Test and Pitch Pattern Sequence Test were measured at 4‐week intervals at baseline, and weeks 4, 8 and 12.ResultsMixed design anova showed significant training effects in total Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Dichotic Digit Test in both groups, NC (P < 0.001) and NCI (P < 0.01). The NC group also showed significant training effects in the Malay Hearing in Noise Test (quiet) (P < 0.01), Gaps in Noise Test (P < 0.001) and Pitch Pattern Sequence Test (humming) (P < 0.05). All training effects were sustained up to 4 weeks after the training ended.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that the newly developed auditory–cognitive training system has the potential to improve general cognition and some of the auditory processing abilities in both the NC and NCI groups. Because of the short test–retest intervals used in the present study, it is possible that the training effects were influenced by learning effect and, therefore, should be considered cautiously. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 768–773.
The immune microenvironment and expression of PD‐L1, PD‐1, PRAME and MHC I in salivary duct carcinoma
Authors: Xu Bin , Jungbluth Achim A , Frosina Denise , Alzumaili Bayan , Aleynick Nathaniel , Slodkowska Elzbieta , Higgins Kevin , Ho Alan , Morris Luc , Ghossein Ronald , Katabi Nora 
Published: June 2019

AimsSalivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive salivary malignancy that results in high mortality rates and is often resistant to chemotherapy. Anti‐programmed death‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) checkpoint inhibitors have led to dramatic improvements in patients with various cancers. Other immunotherapeutic approaches, e.g. cancer vaccines, have shown promising results. Cancer testis antigens, e.g. preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), are regarded as promising vaccine targets because of their tumour‐specific expression pattern.Methods and resultsWe analysed the immunoexpression of PD‐L1, PD‐1, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) and PRAME in 53 SDCs. The immunoexpression levels of PD‐L1 in tumour cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs), PD‐1 in ICs, PRAME in TCs and MHC I in TCs were analysed, and were correlated with outcome. PRAME expression was seen in 83% of SDCs. No PRAME staining was present in normal salivary gland tissue. With the three established diagnostic algorithms proposed for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the criteria being a combined positive score of ≥1, TC% ≥1%, and TC% ≥25%, 35 (66%), 17 (32%) and three cases (6%), respectively, were deemed to be positive for PD‐L1. PD‐1‐positive ICs were seen in 35 (66%) cases. MHC I down‐regulation was seen in 82% of SDCs. There was a significant correlation among PD‐L1 expression in ICs, PD‐1 expression in ICs, and PRAME expression in TCs. PD‐L1 expression in TCs and lack of PD‐1 expression in ICs were associated with decreased disease‐specific survival in SDC patients.ConclusionsAlterations of the tumour immune microenvironment are common in SDCs, including expression of PD‐1/PD‐L1 and PRAME, which opens the way to potential novel immune therapies, such as cancer vaccination and PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade, in these tumours.
Does the Partners in Health scale allow meaningful comparisons of chronic condition self‐management between men and women? Testing measurement invariance
Authors: Smith David , Fairweather‐Schmidt A. Kate , Harvey Peter , Bowden Jacqueline , Lawn Sharon , Battersby Malcolm 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo determine if the Partners in Health scale, pertinent to assessing patient chronic condition self‐management, operates equivalently for men and women.BackgroundThere are distinct gender‐based differences in self‐management behaviours and health perceptions. This may introduce non‐invariance in self‐report measures. Testing of measurement invariance is a recommended practice in nursing science to ensure robust metrics.DesignA representative cross‐sectional population survey in South Australian.MethodIn 2014, 940 people responded to the South Australian Health Omnibus Survey, a battery of health‐related questions. MI and estimation of heterogeneity was tested using Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsFindings showed self‐management constructs were interpreted equivalently between men and women. Observed population heterogeneity associated lower education levels with poorer illness and treatment knowledge, smokers with poorer treatment partnerships and mental health problems with lower coping capacity.ConclusionApproximate measurement invariance was achieved between men and women for Partners in Health scale.ImpactThere is a lack of well‐validated generic instruments, including investigation into gender variability, for measuring chronic condition self‐management behaviours. Lower education levels were found to connect with poorer knowledge of health condition and treatment. Mental health problems attenuated ability to cope with the effect of the condition. Findings can facilitate the development of better tailored interventions for self‐management of patients’ chronic condition/s.
Effects of work practice environment, work engagement and work pressure on turnover intention among community health nurses: Mediated moderation model
Authors: Li Bei , Li Zhaoyang , Wan Qiaoqin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo test the relationship between work practice environment and turnover intention, considering the mediation of work engagement and the moderation of work pressure among community health nurses.Design and SamplesA cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsA total of 410 nurses were recruited from 32 community health centres between September 2016–January 2017 with survey on work practice environment, work engagement, work pressure and turnover intention. Structural equation modelling was used to test a mediated moderation model.ResultsWork practice environment was positively associated with higher work engagement and lower turnover intention and work engagement partially mediated the relationship between work practice environment and turnover intention. In addition, work pressure moderated the relationship between work practice environment and work engagement.ConclusionThe improvement of work practice environment including the physical and humanitarian environment could enhance nurse engagement and reduce turnover intention in community, which was more pronounced among high‐pressure nurses.ImpactIn front of the nursing shortage, especially in communities, the strategies on how to retain and motivate nurses have become the focus of concern. Based on the job demands‐resources model and the conservation of resources theory, this study examined the effect of work practice environment on turnover intention with the mediation role of work engagement and the moderation role of work pressure among community health nurses. The nurse managers of communities should pay attention to the role of work practice environment in stimulating nurses’ engagement and decreasing turnover intention, especially when nurses are under high work pressure.
Herbal formula Yangyinjiedu induces lung cancer cell apoptosis via activation of early growth response 1
Authors: Yang Wenxiao , Kang Yani , Zhao Qiang , Bi Ling , Jiao Lijing , Gu Yunzhao , Lu Jun , Yao Jialin , Zhou Di , Sun Jielin , Zhao Xiaodong , Xu Ling 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been extensively used in clinical practices and proven to be effective against cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. In this study, we examined the anticancer activities of Chinese herbal formula Yangyinjiedu (YYJD) and found that YYJD exhibits cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells. Transcriptome analysis indicated that 2178 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.05) upon YYJD treatment, with 1464 being (67.2%) up‐regulated. Among these, we found that the tumour suppressor early growth response 1 (EGR1) is the most activated. We demonstrated that EGR1 contributes to YYJD‐induced apoptosis in A549. Through dissecting EGR1‐associated transcriptional network, we identified 275 genes as EGR1 direct targets, some targets are involved in apoptosis. Lastly, we observed that YYJD enhances EGR1 expression and induces cell death in tumour xenografts. Collectively, these findings suggest that YYJD exerts its anticancer activities through EGR1 activation, thus providing the evidence for its potential clinical application for lung cancer patients.
Incidence and prevalence of psoriasis in Israel between 2011 and 2017
Authors: Schonmann Y. , Ashcroft D.M. , Iskandar I.Y.K. , Parisi R. , Sde‐Or S. , Comaneshter D. , Batat E. , Shani M. , Vinker S. , Griffiths C.E.M. , Cohen A.D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with a heavy burden of morbidity, disability and cost. The occurrence of the disease in Israel has not been previously investigated.ObjectivesTo provide standardized estimates of trends in psoriasis incidence, prevalence and mortality among patients in Israel between 2011 and 2017.MethodsUsing electronic health records from Clalit Health Services, the largest nationwide public health provider in Israel, we conducted a population‐based study investigating trends in the annual incidence and prevalence of psoriasis between the years 2011 and 2017. We report age‐ and sex‐adjusted rates, using the standard European population as a reference.ResultsWe identified 71 094 incident psoriasis cases. The mean (SD) age of onset was 42.4 (21.0) years with a bimodal distribution, peaking in the early ‘30s and early ‘60s. Late‐onset psoriasis, occurring after 40 years of age, accounted for 51.1% of incident cases. The annual psoriasis incidence rate was constant throughout the study period (280/100 000 person‐years). Psoriasis prevalence rose from 2.5% in 2011 to 3.8% in 2017.ConclusionsPsoriasis prevalence is increasing in Israel, although its incidence is stable. Clinicians and policymakers should plan to address the growing demands in the clinical, economic and societal burden of psoriasis.
A randomised clinical trial on the efficacy of 5% fluorocalcium phosphosilicate‐containing novel bioactive glass toothpaste
Authors: Patel Vivek Rajiv , Shettar Leena , Thakur Srinath , Gillam David , Kamala Daripineni Narayana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a common and harrowing dental condition. A novel BioMin‐F technology that contains 5% fluorocalcium phosphosilicate bioactive glass has been introduced. It forms fluorapatite, which is more stable towards acid erosion. There is a lack of literature with the utility of this toothpaste in treating DH. Therefore, the authors of this randomised clinical trial have aimed to compare and evaluate the efficacy of 5% fluorocalcium phosphosilicate with an 8% arginine and calcium carbonate and placebo toothpaste. A total of 75 patients clinically diagnosed with DH were randomly divided into three groups: Group A, 5% fluorocalcium phosphosilicate; Group B, 8% arginine and calcium carbonate; and Group C, placebo. The DH was evaluated by tactile and evaporative stimuli, and a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for evaporative stimuli at pre‐baseline, baseline (15 days) and post‐baseline (1 month). The results showed symptoms of DH were reduced in all three groups. However, Group A showed a better reduction of DH than the other two groups. The toothpaste containing 5% fluorocalcium phosphosilicate was reported to be more efficacious than the other two toothpastes in managing DH. This novel development opens up a unique opportunity in the prevention and management of DH and may also be beneficial in preventing acid erosion of the tooth surface and in the maintenance of oral hygiene by reducing the effects of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.
Symptom‐related changes in current perception threshold of restless legs syndrome
Authors: Seok Hung Youl , Do So Young , Motamedi Gholam K. , Cho Yong Won 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFew studies have investigated the mechanisms responsible for the symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS). However, these studies were mainly performed during the asymptomatic period and therefore their findings might not apply to changes in sensory processing that occur during the symptomatic period. The objective of this study was to investigate the function of sensory nerve fibres in RLS patients using the current perception threshold (CPT) test during the daytime and in the presence of symptoms. Ninety‐three patients with RLS and 34 healthy controls were included in the study. RLS patients were further divided into two subgroups, those who were experiencing RLS symptoms during the CPT test (symptom+) and those without symptoms (symptom−). Demographic data, RLS rating scale score and visual analogue scale were collected. Of the 127 enrolled subjects, CPT values were significantly lower in RLS patients than in controls for all three frequencies. Among the control and RLS subgroups (53 symptom+, 40 symptom−), symptom+ patients showed lower CPT values than controls. This finding indicates a relative hyperaesthetic state in the sensory afferents of peripheral nerves in symptom+ patients. There were no significant differences between the symptom− group and controls. The significantly lower CPT values for all three frequencies in symptom+ patients suggest that central sensory processing disturbance of sensory nerve fibres’ input may be involved in the development of symptoms in RLS patients.
A mirage of cryptic species: Genomics uncover striking mitonuclear discordance in the butterfly Thymelicus sylvestris
Authors: Hinojosa Joan C. , Koubínová Darina , Szenteczki Mark A. , Pitteloud Camille , Dincă Vlad , Alvarez Nadir , Vila Roger 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing has led to an unprecedented rise in the identification of cryptic species. However, it is widely acknowledged that nuclear DNA (nuDNA) sequence data are also necessary to properly define species boundaries. Next generation sequencing techniques provide a wealth of nuclear genomic data, which can be used to ascertain both the evolutionary history and taxonomic status of putative cryptic species. Here, we focus on the intriguing case of the butterfly Thymelicus sylvestris (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). We identified six deeply diverged mitochondrial lineages; three distributed all across Europe and found in sympatry, suggesting a potential case of cryptic species. We then sequenced these six lineages using double‐digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). Nuclear genomic loci contradicted mtDNA patterns and genotypes generally clustered according to geography, i.e., a pattern expected under the assumption of postglacial recolonization from different refugia. Further analyses indicated that this strong mtDNA/nuDNA discrepancy cannot be explained by incomplete lineage sorting, sex‐biased asymmetries, NUMTs, natural selection, introgression or Wolbachia‐mediated genetic sweeps. We suggest that this mitonuclear discordance was caused by long periods of geographic isolation followed by range expansions, homogenizing the nuclear but not the mitochondrial genome. These results highlight T. sylvestris as a potential case of multiple despeciation and/or lineage fusion events. We finally argue, since mtDNA and nuDNA do not necessarily follow the same mechanisms of evolution, their respective evolutionary history reflects complementary aspects of past demographic and biogeographic events.
The association between mitochondrial genetic variation and reduced colony fitness in an invasive wasp
Authors: Dobelmann Jana , Alexander Alana , Baty James W. , Gemmell Neil J. , Gruber Monica A. M. , Quinn Oliver , Wenseleers Tom , Lester Philip J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite the mitochondrion's long‐recognized role in energy production, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation commonly found in natural populations was assumed to be effectively neutral. However, variation in mtDNA has now been increasingly linked to phenotypic variation in life history traits and fitness. We examined whether the relative fitness in native and invasive common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) populations in Belgium and New Zealand (NZ), respectively, can be linked to mtDNA variation. Social wasp colonies in NZ were smaller with comparatively fewer queen cells, indicating a reduced relative fitness in the invaded range. Interestingly, queen cells in this population were significantly larger leading to larger queen offspring. By sequencing 1,872 bp of the mitochondrial genome, we determined mitochondrial haplotypes and detected reduced genetic diversity in NZ. Three common haplotypes in NZ frequently produced many queens, whereas the four rare haplotypes produced significantly fewer or no queens. The entire mitochondrial genome for each of these haplotypes was sequenced to identify polymorphisms associated with fitness reduction. We found 16 variable sites; however, no nonsynonymous mutation that was clearly causing impaired mitochondrial function was detected. We discuss how detected variants may alter secondary structures, gene expression or mito‐nuclear interactions, or could be associated with nuclear‐encoded variation. Whatever the ultimate mechanism, we show reduced fitness and mtDNA variation in an invasive wasp population as well as specific mtDNA variants associated with fitness variation within this population. Ours is one of only a few studies that confirm fitness impacts of mtDNA variation in wild nonmodel populations.
Does modularity undermine the pro‐emotion consensus?
Authors: Majeed Raamy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is a growing consensus that emotions contribute positively to human practical rationality. While arguments that defend this position often appeal to the modularity of emotion‐generation mechanisms, these arguments are also susceptible to the criticism that emotional modularity supports pessimism about the prospects of emotions contributing positively to practical rationality here and now. This paper aims to respond to this criticism by demonstrating how models of emotion processing can accommodate the sorts of cognitive influence required to make the pro‐emotion position plausible whilst exhibiting key elements of modularity.
A novel LC‐MS/MS method to quantify eumelanin and pheomelanin and their relation to UVR sensitivity – A study on human skin biopsies
Authors: Lerche Catharina Margrethe , Olsen Peter , Nissen Christoffer Valdemar , Philipsen Peter Alshede , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMelanin in the skin can be divided into eumelanin and pheomelanin subtypes. Simultaneous quantification of these subtypes could clarify their relation to skin type and skin cancer development. We describe a novel, sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify two eumelanin markers, pyrrole‐2,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) and pyrrole‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid (PDCA), and two pheomelanin markers, thiazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid (TDCA) and thiazole‐2,4,5 tricarboxylic acid (TTCA), performed in a single run using the same biopsy. Volunteers with either Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) I/II or III/IV (n = 30) each provided a 4‐mm punch biopsy from the buttock. Upon analysis, the FST I + II group had significantly less of all four melanin biomarkers (PTCA, 0.75 ng/mm2; PDCA, 0.08 ng/mm2; TTCA, 0.24 ng/mm2; and TDCA, 0.10 ng/mm2) versus the FST III + IV group (PTCA, 4.89 ng/mm2; PDCA, 0.22 ng/mm2; TTCA, 2.61 ng/mm2; and TDCA, 0.72 ng/mm2), p ≤ 0.003. We find that this new LC‐MS/MS method is sensitive enough to quantify eumelanin and pheomelanin markers even in the lightest skin types.