bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teoretická východiska politického brandingu: představení modelu voliče orientovaného na hodnotu značky a jeho metodologické ukotvení
Authors: Vašátková Daniela 
Published: March 2018

Since the 1960s, voting behaviour in advanced democratic states has undergone substantial changes. From this period, the transformation of social structures, increased education, and the expansion of new technologies in the field of mass media, among other things, are evident. The transformation factors that affect the voter and his choice are sooner or later reflected in new theoretical concepts describing electoral behaviour, whether it was the theory of party identification, voter choice based on issues or rational choice. So far, however, none of the theories have adequately reflected the effect of consumer-style thinking on electoral behaviour. A new trend in political marketing – political branding – aims to correct precisely this deficiency. Due to the fact that the relevant research in the field of political branding and its impact on the voting behaviour of individuals is still in its infancy, we are faced with a lack of robust theoretical foundations. The text thus aims to clarify this situation by gathering and analysing existing branding concepts, pointing to their strengths and weaknesses. Also, it contributes to the theoretical discussion by linking research on political branding to existing theories of voting behaviour, asking whether the related branding concepts are able to explain the voting behaviour of voters as well as whether they are open to further amendments and modifications.
Distribution of 21-Gene Recurrence Scores Among Breast Cancer Histologic Subtypes
Authors: Kizy Scott , Huang Jing Li , Marmor Schelomo , Blaes Anne , Yuan Jianling , Beckwith Heather , Tuttle Todd M. , Hui Jane Yuet Ching 
Published: March 2018

Context.—
The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) provides a probability of distant recurrence for estrogen receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative breast cancers. The utility of RS for rarer histologic subtypes of breast cancer is uncertain.

Objective.—
To determine the distribution of RS among various histologic subtypes using a population database.

Design.—
Women between the ages of 18 and 75 with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer and known RS results were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Recurrence scores were categorized into risk groups using both traditional and Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment cutoffs. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with high-risk RS.

Results.—
We identified 45 618 patients with stage I to III, estrogen receptor–positive, HER2-negative breast cancer who had RS available. Overall, 3087 (7%) and 6337 (14%) of cancers were classified as high risk based on traditional and Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment RS cutoffs, respectively. The proportion of high-risk RS ranged from 1% (tubular, 2 of 225) to 68% (medullary, 13 of 19) and 4% (tubular, 10 of 225) to 79% (medullary, 15 of 19) for traditional and Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment cutoffs, respectively. Based on multivariable logistic regression (excluding medullary), subtypes other than invasive ductal carcinoma and papillary carcinoma were significantly associated with lower RS. The strongest predictors of a high-risk RS were higher tumor grade and negative progesterone receptor status.

Conclusions.—
We identified distinct distributions of RS among different histologic subtypes of breast cancer. Excluding medullary carcinoma, histologic subtypes other than invasive ductal carcinoma and papillary carcinoma all predict lower RS.
Bend Faulting at the Edge of a Flat Slab: The 2017 Mw7.1 Puebla‐Morelos, Mexico Earthquake
Authors: Melgar Diego , Pérez‐Campos Xyoli , Ramirez‐Guzman Leonardo , Spica Zack , Espíndola Victor Hugo , Hammond William C. , Cabral‐Cano Enrique 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present results of a slip model from joint inversion of strong motion and static Global Positioning System data for the Mw7.1 Puebla‐Morelos earthquake. We find that the earthquake nucleates at the bottom of the oceanic crust or within the oceanic mantle with most of the moment release occurring within the oceanic mantle. Given its location at the edge of the flat slab, the earthquake is likely the result of bending stresses occurring at the transition from flat slab subduction to steeply dipping subduction. The event strikes obliquely to the slab, we find a good agreement between the seafloor fabric offshore the source region and the strike of the earthquake. We argue that the event likely reactivated a fault first created during seafloor formation. We hypothesize that large bending‐related events at the edge of the flat slab are more likely in areas of low misalignment between the seafloor fabric and the slab strike where reactivation of preexisting structures is favored. This hypothesis predicts decreased likelihood of bending‐related events northwest of the 2017 source region but also suggests that they should be more likely southeast of the 2017 source region.
Formation of Dawn‐Dusk Asymmetry in Earth's Magnetotail Thin Current Sheet: A Three‐Dimensional Particle‐In‐Cell Simulation
Authors: Lu San , Pritchett P. L. , Angelopoulos V. , Artemyev A. V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUsing a three‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulation, we investigate the formation of dawn‐dusk asymmetry in Earth's magnetotail. The magnetotail current sheet is compressed by an external driving electric field down to a thickness on the order of ion kinetic scales. In the resultant thin current sheet (TCS) where the magnetic field line curvature radius is much smaller than ion gyroradius, a significant portion of the ions becomes unmagnetized and decoupled from the magnetized electrons, giving rise to a Hall electric field Ez and an additional cross‐tail current jy caused by the unmagnetized ions being unable to comove with the electrons in the Hall electric field. The Hall electric field transports via E × B drift magnetic flux and magnetized plasma dawnward, causing a reduction of the current sheet thickness and the normal magnetic field Bz on the duskside. This leads to an even stronger Hall effect (stronger jy and Ez) in the duskside TCS. Thus, due to the internal kinetic effects in the TCS, namely, the Hall effect and the associated dawnward E × B drift, the magnetotail dawn‐dusk asymmetry forms in a short time without any global, long‐term effects. The duskside preference of reconnection and associated dynamic phenomena (such as substorm onsets, dipolarizing flux bundles, fast flows, energetic particle injections, and flux ropes), which has been pervasively observed by spacecraft in the past 20 years, can thus be explained as a consequence of this TCS asymmetry.
El Niño, Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly and Coral Bleaching in the South Atlantic: A Chain of Events Modeled With a Bayesian Approach
Authors: Lisboa D. S. , Kikuchi R. K. P. , Leão Zelinda M. A. N. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCoral bleaching represents one of the main climate‐change related threats to reef ecosystems. This research represents a methodological alternative for modeling this phenomenon, focused on assessing uncertainties and complexities with a low number of observations. To develop this model, intermittent reef monitoring data from the largest reef complex in the South Atlantic collected over nine summers between 2000 and 2014 were used with remote sensing data to construct and train a bleaching seasonal prediction model. The Bayesian approach was used to construct the network as it is suitable for hierarchically organizing local thermal variables and combining them with El Niño indicators from the preceding winter to generate accurate bleaching predictions for the coming season. Network count information from six environmental indicators was used to calculate the probability of bleaching, which is mainly influenced by the combined information of two thermal indices; one thermal index is designed to track short period anomalies in the early summer that are capable of triggering bleaching (SST of five consecutive days), and the other index is responsible for tracking the accumulation of thermal stress over time, an index called degree heating trimester (DHT). In addition to developing the network, this study conducted the three tests of applicability proposed for model: 1‐ Perform the forecast of coral bleaching for the summer of 2016; 2‐ Investigate the role of turbidity during the bleaching episodes; and 3‐ Use the model information to identify areas with a lower predisposition to bleaching events.
Simulations of the Boreal Winter Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere With Meteorological Specifications in SD‐WACCM‐X
Authors: Sassi Fabrizio , Siskind David E. , Tate Jennifer L. , Liu Han‐Li , Randall Cora E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe investigate the benefit of high‐altitude nudging in simulations of the structure and short‐term variability of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (UMLT) dynamical meteorology during boreal winter, specifically around the time of the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming. We compare simulations using the Specified Dynamics, Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, extended version, nudged using atmospheric specifications generated by the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System, Advanced Level Physics High Altitude. Two sets of simulations are carried out: one uses nudging over a vertical domain from 0 to 90 km; the other uses nudging over a vertical domain from 0 to 50 km. The dynamical behavior is diagnosed from ensemble mean and standard deviation of winds, temperature, and zonal accelerations due to resolved and parameterized waves. We show that the dynamical behavior of the UMLT is quite different in the two experiments, with prominent differences in the structure and variability of constituent transport. We compare the results of our numerical experiments to observations of carbon monoxide by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier Transform Spectrometer to show that the high‐altitude nudging is capable of reproducing with high fidelity the observed variability, and traveling planetary waves are a crucial component of the dynamics. The results of this study indicate that to capture the key physical processes that affect short‐term variability (defined as the atmospheric behavior within about 10 days of a stratospheric warming) in the UMLT, specification of the atmospheric state in the stratosphere alone is not sufficient, and upper atmospheric specifications are needed.
Estimate of Radiosonde Dry Bias From Far‐Infrared Measurements on the Antarctic Plateau
Authors: Rizzi R. , Maestri T. , Arosio C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe experimental data set of downwelling radiance spectra measured at the ground in clear conditions during 2013 by a Far‐Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer at Dome‐C, Antarctica, presented in Rizzi et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025341) is used to estimate the effect of solar heating of the radiosonde humidity sensor, called dry bias. The effect is quite evident comparing residuals for the austral summer and winter clear cases and can be modeled by an increase of the water vapor concentration at all levels by about 15%. Such an estimate has become possible only after a new version of the simulation code and spectroscopic data has become available, which has substantially improved the modeling of water vapor absorption in the far infrared. The negative yearly spectral bias reported in Rizzi et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025341) is in fact greatly reduced when compared to the same measurement data set.
An Efficient Local Correlation Matrix Decomposition Approach for the Localization Implementation of Ensemble‐Based Assimilation Methods
Authors: Zhang Hongqin , Tian Xiangjun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEnsemble‐based data assimilation methods often use the so‐called localization scheme to improve the representation of the ensemble background error covariance (Be). Extensive research has been undertaken to reduce the computational cost of these methods by using the localized ensemble samples to localize Be by means of a direct decomposition of the local correlation matrix C. However, the computational costs of the direct decomposition of the local correlation matrix C are still extremely high due to its high dimension. In this paper, we propose an efficient local correlation matrix decomposition approach based on the concept of alternating directions. This approach is intended to avoid direct decomposition of the correlation matrix. Instead, we first decompose the correlation matrix into 1‐D correlation matrices in the three coordinate directions, then construct their empirical orthogonal function decomposition at low resolution. This procedure is followed by the 1‐D spline interpolation process to transform the above decompositions to the high‐resolution grid. Finally, an efficient correlation matrix decomposition is achieved by computing the very similar Kronecker product. We conducted a series of comparison experiments to illustrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed local correlation matrix decomposition approach. The effectiveness of the proposed correlation matrix decomposition approach and its efficient localization implementation of the nonlinear least‐squares four‐dimensional variational assimilation are further demonstrated by several groups of numerical experiments based on the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model.
The Changeable Power Law Singularity and its Application to Prediction of Catastrophic Rupture in Uniaxial Compressive Tests of Geomedia
Authors: Xue Jian , Hao Shengwang , Wang Jun , Ke Fujiu , Lu Chunsheng , Bai Yilong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe acceleration precursor of catastrophic rupture in rock‐like materials is usually characterized by a power law relationship, but the exponent exhibits a considerable scatter in practice. In this paper, based on experiments of granites and marbles under quasi‐static uniaxial and unconfined compression, it is shown that the power law exponent varies between −1 and −1/2. Such a changeable power law singularity can be justified by the energy criterion and a power function approximation. As the power law exponent is close to the lowest value of −1, rocks are prone to a perfect catastrophic rupture. Furthermore, it is found that the fitted reduced power law exponent decreases monotonically in the vicinity of a rupture point and converges to its lower limit. Therefore, the upper bound of catastrophic rupture time is constrained by the lowest value of the exponents and can be estimated in real time. This implies that, with the increase of real‐time sampling data, the predicted upper bound of catastrophic rupture time can be unceasingly improved.
Deep cerebral vein expansion with metabolic and neurocognitive recovery in Sturge–Weber syndrome
Authors: John Flóra , Maqbool Mohsin , Jeong Jeong‐won , Agarwal Rajkumar , Behen Michael E. , Juhász Csaba 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present longitudinal imaging data of a child with Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS). At age 8 months, 3 weeks after initial seizures and prolonged motor deficit, MRI showed extensive right hemispheric SWS involvement with severe glucose hypometabolism on PET. She was treated with levetiracetam and aspirin. Follow‐up imaging at age 29 months showed a robust interval expansion of enlarged deep medullary veins throughout the affected hemisphere along with a dramatic recovery of hemispheric metabolism and normalized neurocognitive functioning. These findings demonstrate a robust, multilobar hemispheric remodeling of deep venous collaterals that likely contributed to reversal of initial metabolic and neurocognitive deficits.
Self‐Assembled pH‐Sensitive Fluoromagnetic Nanotubes as Archetype System for Multimodal Imaging of Brain Cancer
Authors: Villa Chiara , Campione Marcello , Santiago‐González Beatriz , Alessandrini Francesco , Erratico Silvia , Zucca Ileana , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Forzenigo Laura , Malatesta Paolo , Mauri Michele , Trombetta Elena , Brovelli Sergio , Torrente Yvan , Meinardi Francesco , Monguzzi Angelo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFluoromagnetic systems are recognized as an emerging class of materials with great potential in the biomedical field. Here, it is shown how to fabricate fluoromagnetic nanotubes that can serve as multimodal probes for the imaging and targeting of brain cancer. An ionic self‐assembly strategy is used to functionalize the surface of synthetic chrysotile nanotubes with pH‐sensitive fluorescent chromophores and ferromagnetic nanoparticles. The acquired magnetic properties permit their use as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging, and enable the tracking of tumor cell migration and infiltration responsible for metastatic growth and disease recurrence. Their organic component, changing its fluorescence attitude as a function of local pH, targets the cancer distinctive acidity, and allows localizing and monitoring the tumor occurrence and progression by mapping the acidic spatial distribution within biopsy tissues. The fluoromagnetic properties of nanotubes are preserved from the in vitro to the in vivo condition and they show the ability to migrate across the blood brain barrier, thus spontaneously reaching the brain tumor after injection. The simplicity of the synthesis route of these geomimetic nanomaterials combined with their demonstrated affinity with the in vivo condition strongly highlights their potential for developing effective functional materials for multimodal theranostics of brain cancer.
Molecular Self‐Doping Controls Luminescence of Pure Organic Single Crystals
Authors: Parashchuk Olga D. , Mannanov Artur A. , Konstantinov Vladislav G. , Dominskiy Dmitry I. , Surin Nikolay M. , Borshchev Oleg V. , Ponomarenko Sergei A. , Pshenichnikov Maxim S. , Paraschuk Dmitry Yu. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOrganic optoelectronics calls for materials combining bright luminescence and efficient charge transport. The former is readily achieved in isolated molecules, while the latter requires strong molecular aggregation, which usually quenches luminescence. This hurdle is generally resolved by doping the host material with highly luminescent molecules collecting the excitation energy from the host. Here, a novel concept of molecular self‐doping is introduced in which a higher luminescent dopant emerges as a minute‐amount byproduct during the host material synthesis. As a one‐stage process, self‐doping is more advantageous than widely used external doping. The concept is proved on thiophene–phenylene cooligomers (TPCO) consisting of four (host) and six (dopant) conjugated rings. It is shown that <1% self‐doping doubles the photoluminescence in the TPCO single crystals, while not affecting much their charge transport properties. The Monte‐Carlo modeling of photoluminescence dynamics reveals that host–dopant energy transfer is controlled by both excitonic transport in the host and host–dopant Förster resonant energy transfer. The self‐doping concept is further broadened to a variety of conjugated oligomers synthesized via Suzuki, Kumada, and Stille crosscoupling reactions. It is concluded that self‐doping combined with improved excitonic transport and host–dopant energy transfer is a promising route to highly luminescent semiconducting organic single crystals for optoelectronics.
Electrode Materials, Electrolytes, and Challenges in Nonaqueous Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Li Bing , Zheng Junsheng , Zhang Hongyou , Jin Liming , Yang Daijun , Lv Hong , Shen Chao , Shellikeri Annadanesh , Zheng Yiran , Gong Ruiqi , Zheng Jim P. , Zhang Cunman 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAmong the various energy‐storage systems, lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are receiving intensive attention due to their high energy density, high power density, long lifetime, and good stability. As a hybrid of lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors, LICs are composed of a battery‐type electrode and a capacitor‐type electrode and can potentially combine the advantages of the high energy density of batteries and the large power density of capacitors. Here, the working principle of LICs is discussed, and the recent advances in LIC electrode materials, particularly activated carbon and lithium titanate, as well as in electrolyte development are reviewed. The charge‐storage mechanisms for intercalative pseudocapacitive behavior, battery behavior, and conventional pseudocapacitive behavior are classified and compared. Finally, the prospects and challenges associated with LICs are discussed. The overall aim is to provide deep insights into the LIC field for continuing research and development of second‐generation energy‐storage technologies.
Stable High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells via Grain Boundary Passivation
Authors: Niu Tianqi , Lu Jing , Munir Rahim , Li Jianbo , Barrit Dounya , Zhang Xu , Hu Hanlin , Yang Zhou , Amassian Aram , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe trap states at grain boundaries (GBs) within polycrystalline perovskite films deteriorate their optoelectronic properties, making GB engineering particularly important for stable high‐performance optoelectronic devices. It is demonstrated that trap states within bulk films can be effectively passivated by semiconducting molecules with Lewis acid or base functional groups. The perovskite crystallization kinetics are studied using in situ synchrotron‐based grazing‐incidence X‐ray scattering to explore the film formation mechanism. A model of the passivation mechanism is proposed to understand how the molecules simultaneously passivate the Pb–I antisite defects and vacancies created by under‐coordinated Pb atoms. In addition, it also explains how the energy offset between the semiconducting molecules and the perovskite influences trap states and intergrain carrier transport. The superior optoelectronic properties are attained by optimizing the molecular passivation treatments. These benefits are translated into significant enhancements of the power conversion efficiencies to 19.3%, as well as improved environmental and thermal stability of solar cells. The passivated devices without encapsulation degrade only by ≈13% after 40 d of exposure in 50% relative humidity at room temperature, and only ≈10% after 24 h at 80 °C in controlled environment.
Wetting State Transitions over Hierarchical Conical Microstructures
Authors: Park Il Woong , Fernandino Maria , Dorao Carlos A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAdvancing in a better understanding of the physics of wetting requires to be able to develop surfaces with well‐controlled roughness by controlling the microstructure morphology. In this study, patterned truncated cones and hierarchical conical structures are fabricated. The wetting properties of the fabricated surfaces are measured for identifying the importance of the geometrical parameters on the wetting states ranging from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic. In particular, the wetting transition from Cassie–Baxter to Wenzel state and its dependence on the geometrical parameters is investigated. It is observed that the transition is dependent on the center‐to‐center distance and the height of the structures.