bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative demography elucidates the longevity of parasitic and symbiotic relationships
Authors: Hecht Luke B.B. , Thompson Peter C. , Rosenthal Benjamin M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractParasitic and symbiotic relationships govern vast nutrient and energy flows1,2, but controversy surrounds their longevity. Enduring relationships may engender parallel phylogenies among hosts and parasites3,4, but so may more ephemeral relationships when parasites disproportionately colonize related hosts5. When considering these relationships’ temporal durability, it would be useful to understand whether parasite and host populations have grown and contracted in concert. Here, we devised methods to compare demographic histories, derived from genomic data6. We used these methods to compare the historical growth of the agent of severe human malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, to human and primate histories7,8 and to that of their mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae9, thereby discerning long-term parallels and anthropogenic population explosions10,11. The growth history of Trichinella spiralis, a zoonotic parasite disseminated by swine domestication12,13, proved regionally-specific, paralleling distinctive growth histories for wild boar in Asia and Europe14. Parallel histories were inferred for an anemone and its algal symbiont (Aiptasia pallida15 and Symbiodinium minutum16). Concerted growth in potatoes and the agent of potato blight (Solanum tuberosum17 and Phytophthora infestans18) did not commence until the age of potato domestication, helping date the acquisition of this historically consequential fungal plant pathogen. Therefore, comparative historical demography provides a powerful new means by which to interrogate the history of myriad ecological relationships, enriching our understanding of their origins and durability.
Activated BAX/BAK enable mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilisation and mtDNA release during cell death
Authors: Riley Joel S , Quarato Giovanni , Lopez Jonathan , O’Prey Jim , Pearson Matthew , Chapman James , Sesaki Hiromi , Carlin Leo M , Passos João F , Wheeler Ann P , Oberst Andrew , Ryan Kevin M , Tait Stephen WG 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDuring apoptosis, pro-apoptotic BAX and BAK are activated, causing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP), caspase activation and cell death. However, even in the absence of caspase activity, cells usually die following MOMP. Such caspase-independent cell death is accompanied by inflammation that requires mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) activation of cGAS-STING signaling. Because the mitochondrial inner membrane is thought to remain intact during apoptosis, we sought to address how matrix mtDNA could activate the cytosolic cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Strikingly, using super-resolution imaging, we show that mtDNA is efficiently released from mitochondria following MOMP. In a temporal manner, we find that following MOMP, BAX/BAK-mediated mitochondrial outer membrane pores gradually widen over time. This allows extrusion of the mitochondrial inner membrane into the cytosol whereupon it permeablises allowing mtDNA release. Our data demonstrate that mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilisation can occur during cell death in a BAX/BAK-dependent manner. Importantly, by enabling the cytosolic release of mtDNA, inner membrane permeabilisation underpins the immunogenic effects of caspase-independent cell death.
Active degradation of a regulator controls coordination of downstream genes
Authors: Rossi Nicholas A. , Mora Thierry , Walczak Aleksandra M. , Dunlop Mary J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSeveral key transcription factors have unusually short half-lives compared to other cellular proteins. Here, we explore the utility of active degradation in shaping how a master regulator coordinates its downstream targets. We focus our studies on the multi-antibiotic resistance activator MarA, which controls a variety of stress response genes inEscherichia coli. We modify its half-life either by knocking down the protease that targets it via CRISPRi or by engineering MarA to protect it from degradation. Our experimental, analytical, and computational results indicate that active degradation can impact both the rate of coordination and the maximum coordination that downstream genes can achieve. Trade-offs between these properties show that perfect information fidelity and instantaneous coordination cannot coexist.
Numerical study of laminar mixed convection flow in a lid-driven square cavity filled with porous media
Authors: Hdhiri Najib , Ben Beya Brahim 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to produce a numerical model capable of predicting the mixed convection flows in a rectangular cavity filled with a porous medium and to analyze the effects of several parameters on convective flow in porous media in a differentially heated enclosure.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used the finite volume method.

Findings
The authors predicted and analyzed the effects of Richardson number, Darcy number, porosity values and Prandtl number in heat transfer and fluid flow. On other hand, the porosity and Richardson number values lead to reducing the heat transfer rate of mixed convection flow in a porous medium.

Originality/value
A comparison between Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model and Darcy–Brinkman model is discussed and analyzed. The authors finally conclude that the Darcy–Brinkman model overestimates the heat transfer rate.
The effects of corporate governance on the stock return volatility
Authors: Aloui Mouna , Jarboui Anis 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the stock return volatility, the outside and the independent directors.Design/methodology/approachThe volatility, as the dependent variable in the model, is measured by the standard deviation of annual stock returns. Concerning the independent variable is as follows: The chief executive officer (CEO) is a dummy variable denoting whether or not the chairman of the board holds the position of CEO. The INDD, which represents the independent directors, is measured according to whether the firm appoints independent directors, or by the ratio of independent directors. The FD, which represents the outside directors, is measured according to whether the firm appoints outside directors, or by the ratio of outside directors. In addition, the authors also add the following five control variables to the regression model: the certified public accountant refers to the auditor-related variables including the audit opinion and whether the firm has previously switched accounting firms. The performance (PER) represents the firm performance in terms of the relative return on assets (ROA). The turnover (TURN) is measured by the natural log of the total liabilities. The SIZE is measured by the natural log of the market value of equity, and the leverage ratio (LEV) is the firm’s debt ratio measured by the ratio of total. The TURN is measured by the natural log of the total liabilities. The SIZE is measured by the natural log of the market value of equity and the LEV is the firm’s debt ratio measured by the ratio of total debt to total assets. The sample comprises 89 firms listed on the SBF 120 index over 2006-2012.FindingsResults reveal that the outside directors have a positive and significant effect on the stock return volatility. Moreover, the firm’s size and ROA have a negative effect on the stock return volatility, which is clearly evidenced in all the regressions. On the other hand, the CEO, audit size and debt ratio have statically significant and positive effects on the stock return volatility.Originality/valueThis study indicates the importance of corporate governance and helps investors and financial economists understand the behavior of the stock prices during a financial crisis. Although the existing studies refer to the influence of corporate governance on the stock prices during a crisis, none of these has ever discussed whether better corporate governance can help reduce the stock price volatility in such a situation.
The influence of spiritual leadership on quality of work life, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Pio Riane Johnly , Tampi Johny Revo Elia 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper is about the development of research by the author in the past with the topic of the influence of spiritual leadership on ethical behavior, quality of work life (QWL), job satisfaction, organizational commitment and employee performance.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is categorized as an explanation (explanatory) research that intends to explain the position of the variables that were analyzed, the relationship and influence of one variable with another variable and the data analysis methods used, such as structural equation modeling (SEM). The population under consideration for this study is all nurses working in three hospitals, totaling 292 people.

Findings
The results showed There were significant direct influences of spiritual leadership on quality of work life, spiritual leadership on job satisfaction, quality of work life on job satisfaction, quality of work life on organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior.

Originality/value
Originality for this paper shows an explanation (explanatory) research and the method used is SEM to find out the influence of spiritual leadership on ethical behavior, QWL, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and employee performance. This is a research case study on nursing staff of a private hospital in North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Stakeholders influence on voluntary disclosure practices by listed companies in Nigeria
Authors: Nyahas Samson Iliya , Ntayi Joseph Mpeera , Kamukama Nixon , Munene John 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate stakeholders influence on voluntary disclosure practices of listed firms in Nigeria from the perspective of managers.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a cross-sectional research design. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire for the constructs of power, legitimacy and urgency. The data for the voluntary disclosure practices were obtained from financial reports of 92 listed companies. The data were analysed using partial least squares.FindingsThe results indicate that managers’ perception of stakeholders’ power and urgency are associated with voluntary disclosure. Legitimacy, firm size and industrial category are not significant predictors of voluntary disclosure. It was concluded that stakeholders who are in control of critical resources such as the financial community, customers and creditors should put more pressure on companies to disclose information to meet various stakeholder needs. This will complement the efforts of regulatory agencies in promoting transparency in voluntary disclosure.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional nature of the study means that it does not capture changes in perceptions of managers overtime. Future research may consider a longitudinal study. The study is not industry-specific as such and may capture industry differences. However, in this study, the authors controlled for industry category.Practical implicationsThe result has implications for a number of interested parties such as shareholders, regulatory bodies, labour union, academics and mangers.Originality/valueThe study has contributed to the authors’ understanding of managers’ perception of stakeholder attributes that matter in voluntary disclosure decision from the perspective of a developing country like Nigeria.
How well does the law protect women at home?
Authors: Onyemelukwe Cheluchi 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The prevalence of domestic violence in Nigeria may be described as epidemic. To address this scourge, several pieces of legislation have been enacted in the past decade at state and federal levels in Nigeria. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the emerging legislation on domestic violence. This paper thus examines the contents of these laws in a bid to determine the potential of these laws to prevent domestic violence, deter perpetrators from further incidents, punish perpetrators, compensate survivors and provide them with the necessary interventions for their rehabilitation.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach adopted is a content analysis of the provisions of the legislation, using salient parameters that have been drawn from documented best practices, specifically the key components for framing of domestic violence legislation around the world.

Findings
The author finds that while there is significant attempt in extant legislation to ensure that women are protected within domestic relationships, there are still gaps. Further, the protections are uneven across the states. In addition, there are systemic and contextual challenges that hamper the effectiveness of existing legislation in Nigeria in providing the necessary protections to women.

Originality/value
This study analyses the provisions of some of the legislation currently in place to protect persons from domestic violence. The impact, potential effect and overall utility of these pieces of legislation continue to require examination.
The benefits and disadvantages of the law on the expansion of the jurisdiction of the DIFC Court
Authors: Al-Tawil Tareq Na’el , Gantasala Prabhakar , Younies Hassan 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the benefits and disadvantages of the law on the expansion of the jurisdiction of the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) Court. The major role of DIFC Courts in the Arab community is to handle cases related to commerce and business. For a long time, the court had been acting only in their geographical area until a new law was enacted to extend their jurisdiction all over the world. Afterward, a lot of criticism emerged as for why and how the court will benefit from such actions. The law has drawn a harsh response, although most benefits have also been experienced since the court received quite a large number of new signings. Interaction at the world business forum has benefited the economy of Dubai thanks to the law.

Design/methodology/approach
The following study focuses on a description of such benefits and drawbacks. The study does not evaluate a factual process of expansion but indicates the most distinct evidence of positive, as well as negative consequences of the expansion.

Findings
It is appropriate to make a general comment on the fact that the expansion of DIFC Court is not sufficiently effective at the current stage. Needless to say, it contains numerous positive aspects, but the gaps are evidently essential because they place the entire Court in a hard circumstance. The Court does not have a well-developed legal framework for its new area of jurisdiction as long as its limited volume of prior precedent is a distinct sign of the Court’s dependence on the UAE’s Law. In such way, DIFC Court will not be able to address issues within new fields of jurisdiction, as it simply lacks an expertise and international law in its legal framework. Moreover, the jurisdiction over new areas of international business was not verified with a plain system of mediation, which is why a current expansion of DIFC Court has to be recognized as redundant. However, its advantages are tending to produce their effects provided that the Court manages to address its current problems.

Originality/value
The study has described the basic benefits and drawbacks of DIFC Court expansion. To speak about the main benefits, they can be depicted as appliance of the common law, unification of English language for proceedings, presence of a preliminary arbitration and guarantees of award enforcement. In a similar way, the drawbacks of the expansion have been issued. The study has identified such drawbacks as lack of international and sophisticated expertise, untested legal framework, strong influence of forum non conveniens, and existence of a limited volume of prior precedent. The paper has not assessed a success of a factual expansion of DIFC Court jurisdiction, but it has managed to fulfill its primary purpose. Thus, the paper has identified a certain tendency concerning the expansion.
The effect of servant leadership on rewards, organizational culture and its implication for employee’s performance
Authors: Sihombing Sahat , Astuti Endang Siti , Al Musadieq Mochammad , Hamied Djamhur , Rahardjo Kusdi 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to examine factors that affect employee performance at Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN).

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative research approach was used with generalized structure component analysis (GSCA) as the analysis tool. This study was specific to Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi) areas, considering that 60 per cent of employees of BTN, who were also the study population, resided in the Jabodetabek areas. This study was conducted for a month in 2016. By using the representative sample, the results could be generalized.

Findings
The results of the analysis suggested that the structural model showed that the servant leadership (X1) significantly affected rewards (Y1) and organizational culture (Y2), but it had no significant effect on employee performance (Y3). Other results showed that there was a significant effect of rewards (Y1) on organizational culture (Y2) and employee performance (Y3), and that there was a significant effect of organizational culture (Y2) on employee performance (Y3).

Originality/value
Russell and Stone (2002) studied the servant leadership in a review of servant leadership attributes, and McCann et al. (2014) studied servant leadership, employee satisfaction and organizational performance in rural community hospitals. Thereby, the originality of this paper is shown on servant leadership variable for relationship between rewards, organizational culture and employee’s performance. The method used is GSCA and the location of this research is at BTN throughout Indonesia, where there are no previous research studies that have discussed the same topic on these locations.
Service capabilities and servitized SME performance: contingency on firm age
Authors: Valtakoski Aku , Witell Lars 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the impact of back-office (BO) service capability and front-office (FO) service capability, and how firm age influences the impact of these service capabilities on small and medium size enterprise (SME) performance.Design/methodology/approachBased on the prior literature on servitization and firm operational capabilities, hypotheses were developed on the impact of service capabilities on firm performance. These hypotheses were tested using a survey and externally sourced financial data on 224 SMEs in the software industry.FindingsFO service capability has a positive impact on firm performance of SMEs. The effect of BO service capability was weaker and partly contrary to expectations, showing a negative effect on firm performance for young SMEs. As hypothesized, the impact of both BO and FO service capability is moderated by firm age. Young SMEs benefit more from FO service capability. For older SMEs, BO service capability becomes increasingly more important.Practical implicationsAs different capabilities lead to different outcomes, SMEs need to carefully consider which service capabilities to invest in. As the relative importance of capabilities changes over time, SMEs need to be ready to change their strategic focus over time toward BO capabilities to attain optimal outcomes.Originality/valueThe findings suggest that factors such as industry, firm size, and firm age affect the optimal servitization path, and that current understanding of servitization does not necessarily apply to all servitized firms. The study also provides further evidence of the impact of service capabilities on firm performance.
An empirical investigation of the relationship between e-government development and the digital economy: the case of Asian countries
Authors: Ali Mohammad Afshar , Hoque Md. Rakibul , Alam Khorshed 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate and comprehend the nature of the relationship between e-government development and the digital economy.Design/methodology/approachA multidimensional research paradigm is developed on the basis of the technology adoption model and Fountain’s technology enactment theory. The model is empirically examined using a regional study of 20 Asian countries.FindingsA positive two-way relationship between e-government development and the digital economy has been indicated by the findings. Moreover, along with social, economic, political, technological and demographic factors, certain national cultural characteristics have significant effects on the digital economy and e-government development.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the key limitations of the study is that it is based on publicly available secondary data. Therefore, some degree of caution should be kept in mind when making generalisations about the findings of this study.Originality/valueThe contribution of this study is that it provides a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the dynamic association between e-government development and the digital economy by providing aid to policymakers in understanding the nature of dynamic relationships between the digital economy, government organisations and citizens’ adoption of technologies.
The value of internationalization
Authors: Ral-Trebacz Arkadiusz , Eckert Stefan , Dittfeld Marcus 
Published: February 2018

PurposeCurrent discussions in the international business community have demonstrated that the focus of MNCs operations tends to be more regional than global. This paper aims to investigate the performance effects of intra-regional and inter-regional strategy among large companies in European countries.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test the research hypothesis on a sample of 25 largest European companies from six regional, as well as global-oriented, industries using the random effects model.FindingsThe authors find that an increase in a firm’s degree of regionalization leads to value enhancement. On the other side, the results reveal that an inter-regional strategy is associated with value discount. Moreover, empirical findings show that the higher the degree of inter-regional expansion the more pronounced is the effect of firm-specific assets related to marketing on performance. Hence, the negative valuation impact of an inter-regional strategy may be attenuated or even overcome through the interplay of inter-regional internationalization and firm-specific assets related to marketing.Originality/valueBy introducing a theoretical framework, the authors discuss the performance effects of regional-oriented and inter-regional-oriented strategies. Furthermore, they investigate the moderating effect of inter-regional expansion on the performance impact of firm-specific assets related to marketing in the case of large companies. Empirically, they test the hypotheses on a sample of large firms for an 11-year period using different measurements regarding the degree of intra-regional and inter-regional expansion.