bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repurposing of Diagnostic Whole Exome Sequencing Data of 1,583 Individuals for Clinical Pharmacogenetics
Authors: van der Lee Maaike , Allard William G. , Bollen Sander , Santen Gijs W. E. , Ruivenkamp Claudia A. L. , Hoffer Mariëtte J. V. , Kriek Marjolein , Guchelaar Henk‐Jan , Anvar Seyed Y. , Swen Jesse J. 
Published: October 2019

For ~ 80 drugs, widely recognized pharmacogenetics dosing guidelines are available. However, the use of these guidelines in clinical practice remains limited as only a fraction of patients is subjected to pharmacogenetic screening. We investigated the feasibility of repurposing whole exome sequencing (WES) data for a panel of 42 variants in 11 pharmacogenes to provide a pharmacogenomic profile. Existing diagnostic WES‐data from child‐parent trios totaling 1,583 individuals were used. Results were successfully extracted for 39 variants. No information could be extracted for three variants, located in CYP2C19, UGT1A1, and CYP3A5, and for CYP2D6 copy number. At least one actionable phenotype was present in 86% of the individuals. Haplotype phasing proved relevant for CYP2B6 assignments as 1.5% of the phenotypes were corrected after phasing. In conclusion, repurposing WES‐data can yield meaningful pharmacogenetic profiles for 7 of 11 important pharmacogenes, which can be used to guide drug treatment.
Molecular Engineering of Simple Metal‐Free Organic Dyes Derived from Triphenylamine for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Ferdowsi Parnian , Saygili Yasemin , Jazaeri Farzan , Edvinsson Tomas , Mokhtari Javad , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Liu Yuhang , Grätzel Michael , Hagfeldt Anders 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo new metal‐free organic sensitizers, L156 and L224, were designed, synthesized, and characterized for application in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The structures of the dyes contain a triphenylamine (TPA) segment and 4‐(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol‐4‐yl)benzoic acid as electron‐rich and ‐deficient moieties, respectively. Two different π bridges, thiophene and 4,8‐bis(4‐hexylphenyl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene, were used for L156 and L224, respectively. The influence of iodide/triiodide, [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine), and [Cu(tmby)2]2+/+ (tmby=4,4′,6,6′‐tetramethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) complexes as redox electrolytes and 18 NR‐T and 30 NR‐D transparent TiO2 films on the DSC device performance was investigated. The L156‐based DSC with [Cu(tmby)2]2+/+ complexes as the redox electrolyte resulted in the best performance of 9.26 % and a remarkably high open‐circuit voltage value of 1.1 V (1.096 V), with a short‐circuit current of 12.2 mA cm−2 and a fill factor of 0.692, by using 30 NR‐D TiO2 films. An efficiency of up to 21.9 % was achieved under a 1000 lx indoor light source, which proved that dye L156 was also an excellent candidate for indoor applications. The maximal monochromatic incident‐photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency of L156–30 NR‐D reached up to 70 %.
2 D MXene‐based Energy Storage Materials: Interfacial Structure Design and Functionalization
Authors: Fang Ruyi , Lu Chengwei , Chen Anqi , Wang Kun , Huang Hui , Gan Yongping , Liang Chu , Zhang Jun , Tao Xinyong , Xia Yang , Zhang Wenkui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTransition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes), a burgeoning group of 2 D layer‐structure compounds, have multiple merits, such as high electrical conductivity, tunable layer structure, small band gap, and functionalized redox‐active surface, and are receiving significant attention as one of the most promising class of energy storage materials. The synthesis methods, structural configuration, and surface chemistry of MXenes directly influence their performance. This Minireview focuses on interfacial structure design and functionalization of MXenes and MXene‐based energy storage materials and the effect of structural configuration and surface chemistry on their electrochemical performance. Additionally, the structure–property relationships between interfacial structure, functional group, interlayer spacing, and the corresponding energy storage performance are summarized in detail. Finally, light is shed on the perspectives for the future research on advanced MXene‐based energy storage materials including scientific and technical challenges.
Neural crest development: insights from the zebrafish
Authors: Rocha Manuel , Singh Noor , Ahsan Kamil , Beiriger Anastasia , Prince Victoria E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOur understanding of the neural crest, a key vertebrate innovation, is built upon studies of multiple model organisms. Early research on neural crest cells (NCCs) was dominated by analyses of accessible amphibian and avian embryos, with mouse genetics providing complementary insights in more recent years. The zebrafish model is a relative newcomer to the field, yet it offers unparalleled advantages for the study of NCCs. Specifically, zebrafish provide powerful genetic and transgenic tools, coupled with rapidly developing transparent embryos that are ideal for high‐resolution real‐time imaging of the dynamic process of neural crest development. While the broad principles of neural crest development are largely conserved across vertebrate species, there are critical differences in anatomy, morphogenesis, and genetics that must be considered before information from one model is extrapolated to another. Here, our goal is to provide the reader with a helpful primer specific to neural crest development in the zebrafish model. We focus largely on the earliest events—specification, delamination, and migration—discussing what is known about zebrafish NCC development and how it differs from NCC development in non‐teleost species, as well as highlighting current gaps in knowledge.
In‐situ photopolymerized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐derived monolithic capillary columns with quinidine functionality for enantioseparation by nano‐liquid chromatography
Authors: Liu Siyao , Fu Xinyue , Löffler Ronny , Lämmerhofer Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe successful fabrication of monolithic capillary columns for enantiomer separations was achieved within vinylized fused silica capillaries via fast “one‐pot” photo‐initiated free radical polymerization reaction. A mixture consisting of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, O‐[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl]‐10,11‐dihydroquinidine was copolymerized in the presence of n‐butanol, ethylene glycol and photo‐initiator 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone. The morphology of the resultant polymeric hybrid inorganic‐organic material and its permeability as well as porosity can be controlled by adjusting the composition of the monomers and binary porogenic solvent. The chromatographic characteristics of the columns have been investigated. Separation factors of N‐acetyl‐phenylalanine (Ac‐Phe) and dichlorprop dropped with decrease of chiral functional monomer. Permeability was better when the macroporogen ethyleneglycol was present at higher concentrations during the polymerization. In general, the chiral compounds were well separated (dichlorprop: α = 1.53, Rs up to 4.14; Ac‐Phe: α = 1.36, Rs up to 2.69) by nano‐HPLC with an optimized enantioselective monolithic capillary column which can be prepared within a few minutes.
Chemical characterization and biological activity of essential oils from the aerial part and root ofFerula haussknechtii
Authors: Arjmand Zahra , Dastan Dara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFerulagenus belongs to Umbelliferae family. Plants with this kind of genus are distributed in an extended region such as central Asia and Mediterranean area.Ferulaspecies are used in traditional medicine as a remedy in different kinds of illnesses and also in different kinds of industries. TheFerula haussknechtiiH. Wolff ex Rech. f. is one of the flora species in Iran which in this research the essential oil of its aerial parts and root was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. After that, theirs compounds were recognized using gas chromatography methods (GC‐MS and GC‐FID) and their amount was determined. Antibacterial activity of essential oils was examined, and phytochemical screening on the plant's extracts was done too. GC‐MS/FID method identified 62 compounds in root and 64 compounds in aerial parts of this plant which were 94.6 and 92.8 percent of their respective whole essential oil. Camphene, α‐pinene, and isoverbanol had the most percent in both essential oils. Antibacterial tests on root and aerial parts of plant essential oils on 4 g‐negative and 5 g‐positive bacteria were done. Results concluded that essential oils were effective on theBacillus pumilus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,andStaphylococcus aureus(17‐18mm, 7.5 mg/mL); therefore, this plant can be useful in medicine and food industry as an antibacterial agent.
Combined biocompatible medium with molecularly imprinted polymers for determination of aflatoxins B1 in real sample
Authors: Song Lixin , He Juan , Chen Ningning , Huang Zhipeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA kind of molecularly imprinted polymers modified with biocompatible medium was prepared by suspension polymerization. The obtained hybrid materials were used as the adsorbents for the solid‐phase extraction of aflatoxins B1 in real samples. A structural analog of the target, 6‐methyl‐4‐phenylchroman‐2‐one was used as the pseudo‐template, owing to their lower toxicity and cheaper price compared with aflatoxins B1; and methacrylic acid and glycidyl methacrylate were used as the co‐monomers. Scanning electron microscopy and size distribution analysis were used to characterize the obtained polymers. The extraction parameters were optimized to achieve the desired extraction performance. The polymer solid‐phase extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was successfully applied to determine aflatoxins B1 from soy sauce without the process of protein removal. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the detection results of aflatoxins B1 in lab‐made column in soy sauce samples was carried out, with a recovery rate of 96%. The established method presented a linear range from 10 to 1000 ng/mL with the coefficient of determination of 0.9994 and the limit of detection of 0.05 ng/mL. Likewise, the inherent selectivity of lab‐made column towards aflatoxins B1, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone was demonstrated.
Elective neck dissection during salvage laryngectomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gross Jennifer H. , Vila Peter M. , Simon Laura , Rizvi Zain H. , Zenga Joseph , Jackson Ryan S. , Pipkorn Patrik 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThe primary objective was to determine the rate of occult cervical nodal metastasis in patients undergoing elective neck dissection (END) during salvage laryngectomy. The secondary objective was to compare survival and postoperative complication rates between patients undergoing END versus observation.MethodsA medical librarian performed a comprehensive search for END outcomes in laryngeal cancer patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy after primary chemoradiation therapy. Seventeen retrospective studies and 1 prospective study met inclusion criteria, with a total of 1,141 patients (799 END, 350 observed).ResultsThe rate of nodal positivity was 11% among patients who underwent END during their salvage laryngectomy. Three studies and 155 patients were included in a 5‐year overall survival (OS) analysis with no significant difference in OS (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82‐2.22). After inclusion of six studies and 494 patients (249 END, 245 observed), the risk of fistula formation was not statistically different (95% CI: 0.61‐2.56). Due to significant heterogeneity between studies and inadequate data, most patients could not be included in the meta‐analysis of outcomes.ConclusionSalvage laryngectomy patients undergoing END have an occult nodal positivity rate of 11%. Meta‐analysis showed no statistically significant differences in 5‐year OS between patients undergoing END versus observation. Laryngoscope, 130:899–906, 2020
The minimal clinically important difference of the dyspnea index in laryngotracheal stenosis
Authors: Gray Alan J. , Huston Molly , Didericksen Devin , Meyer Tanya K. , Merati Albert , Brisebois Simon 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThe Dyspnea Index (DI) is a validated patient‐reported outcome (PRO) instrument that has been used in the management of laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS). The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is an established concept to help determine the change in a PRO instrument that reflects meaningful change for the patient. It is not known what change in the DI is of clinical significance in airway surgery. This study aims to determine the MCID for the DI in patients undergoing surgical treatment for LTS.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study in which 26 patients with LTS completed the DI (score range 0 to 40) before and 6 to 8 weeks postoperatively, in addition to a Global Ratings Change Questionnaire (GRCQ), scored from −7 to +7, at the postoperative interval. A hypothesis test was carried out to test the association between GRCQ and change in DI. The MCID for change in DI was determined using anchor‐based analysis.ResultsOverall mean change in DI was −11, and mean change in GRCQ was +5. Change in DI scores were significantly different among the improvement and no improvement groups (P value <0.002). Area under the receiver operating curve was 0.92, demonstrating high discriminatory ability of the change in DI score. A change of −4 was determined to be the threshold that discriminated between significant improvement and no improvement.ConclusionA decrease of 4 in the DI can be considered as the MCID for patients with LTS after surgical treatment.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 130:1775–1779, 2020
Trophic ecology of Humboldt squid, Dosidicus gigas, in conjunction with body size and climatic variability in the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Portner Elan J. , Markaida Unai , Robinson Carlos J. , Gilly William F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOver the past two decades, the Gulf of California (GOC) has experienced three strong El Niño events (1997–1998, 2009–2010, and 2015–2016), each of which was followed by a drastic reduction in mantle length of mature Humboldt squid, Dosidicus gigas (from >60 cm to <20 cm). However, it is unclear how the oceanographic changes associated with strong El Niño events affected the midwater organisms on which D. gigas feed, limiting our ability to assess the relative importance of temperature and food availability in the phenotypic response of D. gigas to environmental variability. We quantified the diet of D. gigas in the GOC before, during, and following the past three El Niño events and found that although its diet varied little across a large range of body sizes (8–85 cm), significant and predictable diet variability was observed with respect to sea surface temperature and chlorophyll‐a concentration. Consumption of large numbers of relatively small, high calorie prey in both relatively cool (anchovies) and relatively warm, productive conditions (myctophids) is likely necessary to support growth to large body sizes before maturation. When warm, unproductive conditions prevailed in the GOC, only small squid were present and had diets dominated by euphausiids and pteropods, prey with relatively low caloric value. Using a time series of diet data, this work provides unique insights into the response of a midwater forage community to oceanographic variability and the effects of environmental variability on the trophic ecology of an oceanic predator.
The correlation of the perforators and the accessory saphenous vein in a profunda femoris artery perforator flap for additional venous anastomosis: A cadaveric study and clinical application
Authors: Karakawa Ryo , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Fuse Yuma , Hayashi Akitatsu , Tanakura Kenta , Heber Ulrike M. , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Tzou Chieh‐Han J. , Meng Stefan , Yano Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe profunda femoris artery perforator (PAP) flap is gaining popularity in microsurgical reconstruction. To establish a safer flap elevation technique, we focused on the topology of the accessory saphenous vein in the medial thigh area. We hypothesize that including the accessory saphenous vein in a PAP flap results in safer PAP flap transfer with two venous drainage systems. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical relationship between the perforators and the accessory saphenous vein in the PAP flap using fresh cadavers and to describe the relationship through two clinical cases.MethodsFor the anatomical study, 19 posterior medial thigh regions from 10 fresh cadavers were dissected. We recorded the number, site of origin, the length, and the diameter of the pedicle. We also documented the course, the length, and the diameter of the accessory saphenous vein. PAP flap transfer with additional accessory saphenous vein anastomosis was performed in two clinical cases; a 40‐year‐old female with tongue cancer and a 51‐year‐old female with breast cancer.ResultsIn all cadaveric specimens, the accessory saphenous vein was found above the deep fascia. The average distance between the proximal thigh crease and the intersection of the anterior edge of the gracilis muscle and the accessory saphenous vein was 7.7 ± 2.5 cm. The diameter of the accessory saphenous vein averaged 3.1 ± 1.1 mm. The average accessory saphenous vein length from its takeoff from the great saphenous vein to the anterior edge of the gracilis muscle was 4.2 ± 1.3 cm. In clinical cases, the flap size was 6 x 18 cm and 8 x 21 cm and the follow‐up length was 12 and 3 months, respectively. In both cases, the postoperative course was uneventful and the flap survived completely.ConclusionAnatomical study confirmed that the accessory saphenous vein did exist in all specimens and it could be included in the PAP flap with sufficient length and relatively large diameter. Although further clinical investigation will be required to confirm its efficacy, a PAP flap including the accessory saphenous vein may decrease the chances of flap congestion.
A dual‐tuned 17O/1H head array for direct brain oximetry at 3 Tesla
Authors: Lakshmanan Karthik , Dehkharghani Seena , Madelin Guillaume , Brown Ryan 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo design and build a dual‐tuned 17O/1H coil for direct brain oximetry at 3T.MethodsA dual‐tuned 17O/1H coil comprising 2 degenerate mode birdcage coils was constructed to facilitate high‐sensitivity 17O and 1H imaging. In vivo 17O brain images were acquired in a healthy volunteer using a fermat looped orthogonally encoded trajectories sequence, together with high‐resolution structural brain 1H images.ResultsNatural abundance 17O images with a nominal resolution of 8 mm3 were acquired in under 20 minutes exhibiting clear delineation of the physiological 17O distribution. One‐millimeter isotropic 1H structural brain images demonstrated excellent quality and anatomical detail using routine clinical imaging sequence parameters and parallel acceleration.ConclusionA dual‐tuned 17O/1H array was constructed to enable high‐sensitivity 17O and 1H imaging under standard clinical 3 T scanning conditions.
Introduction
Authors: Westerlund Heidi , Karlsen Sidsel , Partti Heidi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis book highlights the importance of visions for intercultural music-teacher education in a time of increasing social complexity. This complexity spans a wide range of diversity dynamics related to various traditions of knowledge formation, multiple forms of cultural and artistic participation, feelings of national and ethnic belonging, and political instabilities which render possible shifting conditions for experiencing trust/distrust and societal unity/polarization. We argue that in music teacher education it is necessary to reflect on these intimate connections between music, education, and society and make our field an arena for dealing with substantial social change. In educating future music teachers to become change agents who can, if needed, challenge music education traditions, hierarchies, practices and structures, the professional ethos and standards need to be transformed so as to make teachers better equipped to handle the changing conditions created by new and emerging forms of diversity.Visions for Intercultural Music Teacher Educationpresents contributions that deal with these challenges in a variety of ways, through the perspectives of music teacher educators located around the world.
Structure and Fragmentation: The Current Tensions and Possible Transformation of Intercultural Music Teacher Education in South Africa
Authors: Odendaal Albi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe issues of multiculturalism and interculturalism are part of the daily discourse and painful history of South Africa. As such, South African music teacher educators have a unique contribution to make to the international discourse on diversity in music education. This chapter draws on Activity Theory to conceptually position the practices of music teacher education in South Africa, and to place the practices in a wider socio-political environment. Interviews were conducted with four music teacher educators in this interpretative descriptive study, in order to understand their conceptions of multicultural and intercultural music teacher education. Three common practices that are critically framed by the teachers are identified: immersion, interaction and documentation. These practices are then considered in the broader contexts of the structure of the university and the fragmentation of society. The chapter argues on the basis of this analysis that the historically accumulating structural tensions inherent in music teacher education in South Africa should lead to transformation of the activity, but only if music teachers themselves become cognisant of the contradictions inherent in the current practices and collaboratively and creatively expand beyond them.
Intercultural Game in Music Teacher Education: Exploring El Sistema in Sweden
Authors: Sæther Eva 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEl Sistema, the originally Venezuelan music teaching movement is spreading worldwide, suggesting Western classical music as a tool for counteracting poverty and segregation. In Sweden, this represents an interesting and perhaps provoking twist, as the hegemony of classical music in music teacher education has since long been replaced by the hegemony of popular music. Based on fieldwork during the implementation of El Sistema in Malmö, the most multicultural town in Sweden, this chapter analyses El Sistema through the concept of habitus crises, an important ingredient in the development of intercultural pedagogic competencies. Through the understanding of El Sistema as a glocal phenomenon, the potential of the El Sistema intervention is discussed. The discussion is framed by a mapping of the tension fields that El Sistema teachers are navigating. The experiences of the El Sistema teachers in Malmö point towards a music teacher training that actively prepares for teaching in segregated, multi-cultural and socio-economic vulnerable areas. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future music teacher training in interacting ethnospaces: stimulating habitus crises and promoting transformative learning.