bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B60: Contraceptive methods and ovarian cancer risk among Chinese women: A report from the Shanghai Women Health Study
Authors: Huang Zhezhou , Beeghly-Fadiel Alicia , Li Honglan , Wen Wanqing , Gao Yutang , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Oral contraceptive (OC) use is known to be associated with reduced ovarian cancer risk; associations with other contraceptive methods, such as intrauterine devices (IUD) and tubal ligation (TL), are less clear. The majority of studies conducted to date have used case-control designs; fewer cohort studies have been conducted, especially among Asian women. As contraception use is popular among Chinese women, and the use of different contraceptive methods differs from Western countries, differences in associations with ovarian cancer risk may exist.
Methods: Data from the prospective Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS) was used to evaluate associations between different contraceptive methods and risk of ovarian cancer. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression; models included adjustment for age, education, years of ovulation, body mass index (BMI), first-degree family history of cancer (yes/no), and regular physical activity within 5 years (yes/no).
Results: A total of 164 ovarian cancer cases occurred among 70,349 women after an average follow-up time of 11.74 years. The majority of women had ever used any contraception (77.0%), including OC use (20.4%), contraceptive shots (2.6%), IUD use (55.6%) and TL (14.7%). Ever use of any contraception method was associated with a non-significant reduction in ovarian cancer risk (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.58-1.19). Similarly, among users of contraception, women with durations of OC use longer than the median (≥2 years) tended to have lower ovarian cancer risk (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.26-1.39), while women with durations of IUD use longer than the median (≥23 years) had significantly decreased ovarian cancer risk (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.30-0.75).
Conclusion: Longer durations of IUD use had beneficial effects on ovarian cancer risk among Chinese women. Due to the high prevalence and long duration of IUD use among Chinese women, and the protective association seen in this study, we estimate that approximately 20 ovarian cancer cases (12.0%) were prevented in this study population. Therefore, patterns of use of different contraceptive methods in China may contribute to the lower incidence of ovarian cancer observed in this country.
Citation Format: Zhezhou Huang, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Honglan Li, Wanqing Wen, Yutang Gao, Wei Zheng, Xiao-Ou Shu. Contraceptive methods and ovarian cancer risk among Chinese women: A report from the Shanghai Women Health Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr B60.
Abstract C19: Prospective association between blood leukocyte telomere length and cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: Gao Tao , Chu Junjie , Zheng Yinan , Zhang Xiao , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Schwartz Joel , Hou Lifang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and Objective: Telomeres play a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of chromosomes. Short telomeres may lead to chromosomal instability and increase cancer risk and related death. In this longitudinal study we examined prospective associations between blood leukocyte telomere length (TL) and cancer incidence and mortality.
Methods: Our study population included a total of 791 participants in the prospective Normative Aging Study (NAS), a 1963-established study devoted to determining the health effects of aging. Between January 1999 and December 2012, the participants underwent blood drawing during the NAS visits every 3-5 years. We examined leukocyte TL using quantitative real-time PCR on blood samples collected at each NAS visit, including 1-4 examinations before cancer diagnosis. We used mixed models and Cox models to evaluate the association between TL with cancer incidence and mortality individually. Both models were adjusted for age, race, body mass index, education, and smoking status.
Results: In 579 participants free of baseline cancers, telomeres were significantly shorter in association with aging (P &lt; 0.001) and lower levels of education (P = 0.02). 137(23.7%) new cancer cases (47 prostate, 15 gastrointestinal, and 75 other cancers) occurred throughout the 14-year follow-up. Shorter TL was associated with higher incidence of all cancers combined (OR=1.54, 95%CI 1.02-2.33, P=0.04). Totally, 75 (9.5%) deaths occurred due to cancers (12 prostate, 18 gastrointestinal, 45 other cancers). Subjects with shorter TL (less than median) had increased mortality from all cancer combined (HR= 1.68, 95%CI 0.99-2.87, P=0.05). Relative to subjects in the fourth quartile (longest) of TL, subjects in the first quartile (shortest) had almost twice mortality risk from all cancer combined (HR= 1.90, 95% CI 0.92-3.93, P-trend=0.02). For the cancer subgroups, subjects with shorter TL (less than median) had increased mortality from other cancers (mostly lung and blood cancers)(HR= 2.01, 95%CI 1.07-3.75, P=0.03).
Conclusion: Shorter TL is associated with higher risk of cancer incidence and cancer mortality independent of age, race, body mass index, education, and smoking. More studies are needed to determine the predictive value of blood leukocyte TL in specific cancers, as well as their underlying mechanisms.
Citation Format: Tao Gao, Junjie Chu, Yinan Zheng, Xiao Zhang, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Joel Schwartz, Lifang Hou. Prospective association between blood leukocyte telomere length and cancer incidence and mortality. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C19.
Abstract C45: Effects of low-fat and low-carbohydrate dietary patterns combined with physical activity on serum adipokine concentrations among premenopausal women: A randomized trial
Authors: Llanos Adana A.M. , Krok Jessica L. , Peng Juan , Pennell Michael L. , Olivo-Marston Susan E. , Vitolins Mara Z. , Degraffinreid Cecilia R. , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: There is an ongoing debate regarding what dietary pattern is the most effective for breast cancer prevention. Several studies have examined hypocaloric diets with an emphasis on various macronutrient compositions, yielding inconclusive data regarding their effects on weight loss and breast cancer risk reduction. This study examined the effects of a 1-year intervention of 2 calorie-restricted diets (low-fat or low-carbohydrate [LFD and LCD, respectively]), in combination with increased physical activity (PA), on circulating adipokine concentrations among premenopausal women at increased risk of developing breast cancer.
Methods: Seventy nine overweight/obese premenopausal women were randomized to a LFD or LCD with PA for 52 weeks. Serum adiponectin, leptin and the adiponectin to leptin ratio (A/L) were measured at baseline, and weeks 25 and 52. Linear mixed models, which included fixed effects of treatment arm, time, and a treatment-by-time interaction, were used to assess intervention effects on serum adipokine concentrations.
Results: Compared to baseline, at week 25, adiponectin decreased 4.1% and 2.3%, leptin decreased 30.0% and 35.3%, and the A/L ratio increased 10.5% and 19.4%, among LFD and LCD participants, respectively. Compared to baseline, at week 52, adiponectin decreased 8.5% and 5.0%, leptin decreased 23.0% and 19.7%, and the A/L ratio increased 23.7% and 44.4%, among LFD and LCD participants, respectively. No differences in adipokine changes by diet were observed. Notably, we observed favorable improvement of adipokine concentrations (adiponectin increased 4.4% and 9.5%, leptin decreased 13.0% and 30.1%, and the A/L ratio increased 21.0% and 52.6%, at weeks 25 and 52, respectively) among women who were adherent to the LCD.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that long-term caloric-restriction with increased PA can effectively modify the obesity-related adipokines and thus, may prove useful as cancer preventive strategies for premenopausal women. Future studies of larger samples are required to confirm the beneficial effects of these interventions among high-risk women.
Citation Format: Adana A.M. Llanos, Jessica L. Krok, Juan Peng, Michael L. Pennell, Susan E. Olivo-Marston, Mara Z. Vitolins, Cecilia R. Degraffinreid, Electra D. Paskett. Effects of low-fat and low-carbohydrate dietary patterns combined with physical activity on serum adipokine concentrations among premenopausal women: A randomized trial. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C45.
Abstract C47: microRNA expression profiling in normal breast epithelium of BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers as prevention targets
Authors: Pruthi Sandhya , Buckmeier Julie , Preese Christina , Suman Vera J. , Hurley Rachel M. , Thompson Patricia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, noncoding RNAs with important regulatory roles in tissue development, differentiation, proliferation, and when deregulated tumor formation. The goal of this study was to characterize the miRNA profile of normal breast tissue from carriers of either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, with and without a prior history of cancer, for biomarker discovery for future prevention studies in high risk patient populations.
Methods: MicroRNA profiling was conducted using a panel of breast candidate miRNAs and normal ‘non-cancerous’ tissue biopsy from 15 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 15 BRCA2 mutation carriers and 15 BRCA screened mutation negative subjects from high risk families.
Results: While small differences were observed for any individual miRNA between groups, the most striking observation was the presence of a clear BRCA1 miRNA signature that was distinct from that in BRCA2 subjects or in the high-risk, non-mutation carriers. The BRCA1 pattern was present in normal appearing tissue biopsy independent of previous history of cancer, treatment for cancer, age, menopausal status or oophorectomy. BRCA2 carriers and high risk, mutation negative subjects showed an overall shared miRNA expression pattern. MicroRNA species that distinguished the groups included differences in the expressed levels of let-7a, let-7b, miR-125b, miR-145, miR-15b and members of the miR-181 family. Ongoing efforts include pathway modeling to gain insight on novel targets for prevention along with RT-PCR confirmation of differentiating microRNA species as well the potential downstream targets for example of miR-181b target genes including HOXA7, HOXA9, HOXA11 and PBX3.
Conclusion: The presence of a distinctive miRNA profile in normal appearing tissue of BRCA1 mutation carriers suggest a major role of BRCA1 mutation status on the normal tissue not previously reported. If corroborated, miRNA profiling studies of normal breast tissue may prove useful in both risk assessment as well as providing insight on deregulated pathways for pharmacologic intervention for risk reduction in the BRCA carrier population.
Citation Format: Sandhya Pruthi, Julie Buckmeier, Christina Preese, Vera J. Suman, Rachel M. Hurley, Patricia Thompson. microRNA expression profiling in normal breast epithelium of BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers as prevention targets. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C47.
Abstract C50: Results of a phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of Polyphenon E in women with persistent high-risk HPV infection and low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Nuno Tomas , Garcia Francisco A.R. , Cornelison Terri , Mitchell Amy L. , Greenspan David L. , Byron John W. , Hsu Chiu-Hsieh , Alberts David S. , Chow Sherry 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In vitro data and pilot clinical trial data suggest that green tea catechins may possess chemopreventive activity for cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of Polyphenon E (decaffeinated and enriched green tea catechin extract) in women with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and low grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) to evaluate the potentials of Polyphenon E for cervical cancer prevention. Ninety-eight eligible women were randomized to receive either Polyphenon E (containing 800 mg epigallocatechin gallate) or placebo once daily for 4 months. The primary study outcome was oncogenic HPV clearance and clearance of CIN1. Polyphenon E was shown to be acceptable, safe and well tolerated. There was no difference in the response rate by treatment allocation. Complete response, defined as negative for high risk HPV and normal histopathology, was noted in 7 (17.1%) and 6 (14.6%) women in the Polyphenon E and placebo arms, respectively. Partial response, defined as clearance of oncogenic HPV with evidence of CIN1, occurred more frequently in the placebo group 6 (14.6%) vs. 1 (2.4%) in the Polyphenon E arm. Progression, defined as persistent oncogenic HPV with histopathologic evidence of progression, was more common in the Polyphenon E group [3 (7.7%) vs. 6 (14.6%) in the placebo arm, although neither of these observations were statistically significant. Based on the largest randomized placebo-controlled trial of a green tea extract for HPV related cervical disease, we conclude that four months of Polyphenon E intervention did not promote the clearance of persistent high risk HPV and related CIN 1. Further studies may be necessary to better delineate the risk factors for persistent HPV infection and biology of the disease to facilitate the evaluation of chemopreventive strategies.
Citation Format: Tomas Nuno, Francisco A.R. Garcia, Terri Cornelison, Amy L. Mitchell, David L. Greenspan, John W. Byron, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, David S. Alberts, Sherry Chow. Results of a phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of Polyphenon E in women with persistent high-risk HPV infection and low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C50.
Abstract CN04-01: Reducing lung cancer mortality by 50% in the next decade: Is it feasible?
Authors: Cummings K. Michael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Lung cancer deaths are finally declining in the United States after a nearly century long rise. After a steep increase in cigarette use rates over the first half of the 20th century, smoking prevalence rates started declining from their peak in 1964 and the number of lung cancer deaths followed about 30 years later. Today, less than 20% of adults are current smokers, although there is significant variation from state to state and smoking behavior today, in contrast to 50 years ago, is largely concentrated among the poor and less educated members of society and also among individuals with mental health and substance abuse diagnoses. While some predictions have cigarette consumption dropping to near trivial levels in the US over the next 50 years, others have suggested the rate of decline might be much slower than predicted as the ratio of former to ever smokers has stalled. In other words, while fewer young people are taking up smoking, smoking cessation rates among adult smokers have not changed much in the past decade. While having fewer young people take up smoking means less lung cancer in the long run, in the next decade it means that lung cancer mortality rates will be higher than they might otherwise have to be. This presentation asks the question: Is it feasible to lower lung cancer mortality by 50% in the next decade? The answer to this question is yes, if we want it to make it happen. This presentation describes two complimentary strategies to more rapidly reduce lung cancer mortality in the United States over the next decade. The first strategy includes policies that could realistically be implemented in the next few years to dramatically accelerate a reduction in cigarette consumption. The second strategy focuses on ways to promote lung cancer screening among high risk current and former smokers to change the typical prognosis of lung cancer from one of death sentence to one where lung cancer is detected early enough for cure and improved management. Quite simply, maximizing these two intervention strategies will almost assuredly do more to reduce deaths from lung cancer over the next decade than could possibly be hoped for by investing in high risk biomedical research to try to improve current treatment outcomes, and most likely at a small fraction of the cost.
Citation Format: K. Michael Cummings. Reducing lung cancer mortality by 50% in the next decade: Is it feasible? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr CN04-01.
Abstract CN08-01: Expediting clinical translation of optical molecular imaging techniques in oncology and its role in preventive medicine
Authors: Dam Gooitzen M. van 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In recent years, significant progress has been made in both optical imaging systems and fluorescent contrast agents for clinical applications. NIRF imaging with a free-floating imaging device mounted on the ceiling of the operating theatre or on a microscope articulating arm during surgery for cancer will enable visualization of tumor delineation, locoregional metastases, remnant disease as well as e.g. tumor-containing lymph nodes. Hereby, the surgeon can both detect (diagnostic) and excise (therapeutic) malignant tissue and possible residual disease at the same time. The use of NIRF optical imaging has a range of advantages. Most prominent among these is the fact that it is very safe technology, simple to operate, fast, high resolution (as low as 1 mm), relatively inexpensive and makes use of non-ionizing radiation. Based on the above, it is clear that intra-operative imaging is on the verge of entering standard clinical practice for surgery. Not only the imaging system but also the availability of clinical grade tumor-targeted probes is of the utmost importance for a successful introduction into clinical practice. This talk will give an overview of the current concepts and future perspectives of intraoperative fluorescence image-guided surgery using non-targeted and targeted optical contrast agents for the first-time ever used in patients with ovarian cancer and the anticipated developments within the next 5 years. It will become clear that agencies like the FDA and EMA will play a major role in bringing this technology into the clinic and the necessity of standardization of methodology when applied in multinational multicenter studies. Moreover, the role of optical molecular imaging as a screening instrument in preventive medicine will be outlined.
Citation Format: Gooitzen M. van Dam. Expediting clinical translation of optical molecular imaging techniques in oncology and its role in preventive medicine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr CN08-01.
Abstract ED02-03: DNA methylation as a target in cancer prevention
Authors: Belinsky Steven A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of genes and microRNAs (miRs) via chromatin remodeling and cytosine methylation has emerged as a major mechanism in cancer etiology. The reversal of gene and miR silencing by affecting cytosine-DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs), or histone deacetylases (HDACs) offers new strategies for cancer prevention and intervention for lung cancer. This presentation will provide an overview of studies using natural chemopreventive agents (e.g., lycopenes, isoflavones, omega-3 fatty acids) that reprogram the epigenome for affecting lung, colon, breast and prostate cancer either through generalized effects or targeting the expression of specific microRNAs to modulate genes involved in cancer. Focused studies from our laboratory using an in vitro model of hTERT/cdk4 immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBECs) will describe the sequence of events driving gene and microRNA silencing for lung pre-malignancy and novel preventive strategies to reverse transformation. New concepts that incorporate tissue surrogates and biomarkers to assess in humans the efficacy of chemopreventives for lung cancer will be presented.
Citation Format: Steven A. Belinsky. DNA methylation as a target in cancer prevention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr ED02-03.