bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reality Of Scientific Research In Iraqi Universities And Ways Of Upgrading
Authors: Nasser Hussein Aliwi 
Published: July 2019

The fields of scientific research expanded with the development of human civilization, where science was a practice of verbal description. It underwent a lot of change and development, and the Arabs had a long history in the field of science and scientists. The scientific messages contained the facts, theories and perceptions of the finest that can be obtained in any Another place of the world (1).
The objective of the research is to study the concept of scientific research in Iraq and to show its role in the service of society, and it is natural to face difficulties and obstacles, because upgrading it according to available possibilities. The research also dealt with the impact of Iraqi universities as the main incubator for scientific research.
As for the survey tools used in the research or the method used, the information was derived from different sources. The analytical descriptive descriptive approach was used in studying many of the developments and variables that accompanied the historical development of scientific research. As it is said, history is the "forefather of human sciences and (2), we are part of history, and one day we will turn to history, and history was the future of a date before and prior to the previous history. To understand the present, it is necessary to study the past in all its dimensions and to understand it in a way that helps us to predict the future and give the closest expectations to accuracy and realism.
With regard to the sources of the study, it relied on the official sources and references in the field of scientific research, as well as the translated Arabic references
Antisickling and Antibacterial Activities of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg. (Gentianaceae) from Non-human Primates Pharmacopoeia in Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Ngunde-te-Ngunde Samy , Lengbiye Emmanuel Moke , Joseph Tshidibi Dipa , Franck Kengo Velantia , Djolu Ruphin D. , Mesango Colette Ashande , Gbolo Benjamin Z. , Jeff Iteku Bekomo , Mpiana Pius Tshimankinda , Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa 
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Chemical composition and bioactivity of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Gentianaceae) fruits, leaves, root bark and stem bark extracts against Sickle cell disease (SCD) and associated bacteria. The antisickling and antibacterial activities were carried out using Emmel and micro-dilution methods respectively. The results revealed that the fruits, leaves, root bark and stem bark extracts of A. schweinfurthii contains various secondary metabolites such as the alkaloids, saponins, total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanis, leuco-anthocyanins and quinones. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts displayed antisickling activity. While, the antibacterial activity of different plant extracts tested was weak toward tested bacterial strains (CMI ≥125μg/mL). The antibacterial activity can be improved by bio-guided fractionation of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate or methanol soluble fraction. This study provides for the first time a scientific basis for the in vitro antisickling activity of A. schweinfurthii.
Características clínicas de vulvovaginitis por cándida albicans en mujeres en edad reproductiva
Authors: Barraza Guimarrea Nathaly Lisseth , Ayala-Peralta Félix , Izaguirre-Lucano Humberto , Luna-Figueroa Antonio , Carranza-Asmat César 
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas de la infección vulvovaginal por Candida albicans (CVV) en mujeres en edad reproductiva. Materiales y métodos: Investigación observacional, descriptiva, retrospectiva y transversal. Se incluyó una muestra de 120 mujeres con diagnóstico de infección vulvovaginal por Candida Albicans atendidas en consulta externa en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal periodo 2018. Resultados: La prevalencia de infección vulvovaginal por Candida albicans fue 28%. Las características sociodemográficas fueron, edad mediana con 53,3%, estado civil conviviente 39,2%, instrucción superior 49,2% y ama de casa 53,3%. Respecto a las características ginecológicas incluyeron número de parejas sexuales 2,1±0,8, uso de anticonceptivo depoprovera con 35% y anticonceptivo oral combinado 28,3%; hábitos de higiene íntima ocasional 61,7%. La sintomatología predominante fue prurito en 100%, flujo genital blanquecino 99,2% e irritación vulvar 55,7%. Conclusión: La prevalencia de CVV fue 28%. Sintomatología clínica predominante fue prurito vulvar y flujo genital blanquecino.
Manejo de un aborto frustro en paciente con útero doble más tabique vaginal longitudinal
Authors: Limay-Rios Antonio , Ayala-Peralta Félix , Toro-Quioz Rosa , Tupac-Molleda Junior , Valle-Sandoval Victor , Vicencio-Salazar Liliam , Vasquez-Ochoa Pedro , Yauri-Huaman Martin , Quispe José 
Published: July 2019

Paciente de 32 años que de manera incidental se descubre un útero didelfo, a la especuloscopía presentaba un tabique vaginal longitudinal total; en la ecografía vaginal se evidencio dos cavidades endouterinas separadas, dos canales cervicales y la presencia de embrión inactivo de seis semanas en cavidad izquierda; tras el diagnóstico de aborto frustro se le realiza una aspiración manual endouterina (AMEU) con guía ecográfica, no se logra acceder a cavidad uterina izquierda, siendo fallido este proceso en varias oportunidades; se re examina el canal vaginal y se encuentra un orificio vaginal anterior superior lateral izquierdo, con entrada de un pulpejo de dedo, en el cual se ingresa y evidencia cuello cervical izquierdo; este orificio fue ampliado en su abertura luego del cual se introdujo la cánula de aspiración previamente curvada, para que con ayuda ecográfica se proceda a realizar el aspirado el cual fue exitoso. Las malformaciones müllerianas tienen un sin número de variedades, es la experiencia del médico lo que determina resolviendo el caso
Authors: Ramdaniati Sri , Sukarni Ning 
Published: July 2019

Dengue Haemorragik Fever (DHF) atau yang biasa disebut demam berdarah dengue (DBD) sejak ditemukan pertama kali di Indonesia pada tahun 1968 sampai sekarang sering menjadi penyebab kematian terutama pada anak remaja dan dewasa. DHF juga telah menyebar ke hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Provinsi Jawa Barat khususnya kota Bandung merupakan daerah perkotaan dengan tingkat kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi ditunjang dengan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan yang masih rendah, mengakibatkan angka kejadian DHF masih tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di lapangan penyuluhan upaya pencegahan DHF sudah terjadwalkan satu bulan satu kali namun berdasarkan informasi yang diperoleh dari puskesmas bahwa masih banyak terdapat kasus DHF yang setiap tahunnya meningkat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat tentang penyakit DHF terhadap perilaku pencegahan penyakit DHF. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasional. Populasi seluruh masyarakat atau keluarga berjumlah 2913 KK dengan sample dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala keluarga atau anggota keluarga dewasa sejumlah 352 KK yang berada di Kelurahan Sukagalih Kecamatan Sukajadi Kota Bandung. Tehnik pengumpulan data dengan kuisioner. Analisa data dengan univariat berupa distribusi frekuensi dan analisa bivariat dengan Kendal Tau dan untuk analisa karakteristik responden menggunakan coeficient contingency. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian setengahnya (50 %) keluarga memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik, dan lebih dari setengahnya (53.1 %) keluarga mempunyai sikap mendukung terhadap perilaku pencegahan DHF. Hasil analisa bivariat terdapat hubungan/korelasi yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap perilaku pencegahan penyakit DHF dengan nilai p kurang dari 0,01.
Un acercamiento al trabajo colaborativo
Authors: Glinz Férez Patricia Elízabeth 
Published: July 2019

El propósito de este documento es presentar en forma clara y sencilla lo que es la técnica del trabajo colaborativo, su aplicación en las tres modalidades de esta estrategia de aprendizaje: informal, formal, virtual. Asimismo la metodología empleada durante el proceso de implantación requerido para el curso de Diseño de Actividades colaborativas, además de los resultados de la misma.
El objeto de estudio fue un grupo de la Preparatoria del Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) Campus Aguascalientes, en la materia de Historia de la Civilización II, que se imparte en el segundo semestre. En educación se han generado fuertes cambios en su paradigma, entre los cuales se encuentra el desarrollo de la habilidad de saber trabajar en grupo, dentro de la que se inserta, de forma natural cuando es bien dirigido, el Trabajo Colaborativo.
Las funciones de la literatura infantil en la Educación
Authors: Guimarães Botelho Rafael 
Published: July 2019

Este artículo tiene por objetivos analizar y discutir las funciones de la literatura infantil en la Educación. Para ello, se realizó una investigación bibliográfica en libros, artículos, actas de congreso y tesis doctorales en castellano, portugués e inglés sobre literatura infantil. En base a todo lo expuesto, se concluye que la reunión de las seis funciones descriptas en este artículo –todas relevantes y con el mismo grado de importancia– pone de manifiesto la dimensión educativa real que ejerce la literatura infantil. Esta dimensión engloba la cuestión didáctica (esencial para el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje), el aspecto lúdico (necesario en la etapa de la infancia), la función literaria (que, como las demás asignaturas, presenta una función educativa), la sociocultural (que presenta en la narrativa de los libros infantiles aspectos reales de la sociedad, además de transmitir los rasgos culturales relacionados con una determinada región o país), la función axiológica (que colabora para que el niño construya, autónomamente, su jerarquía de valores) y la terapéutica (que tiene por objetivo ayudar a niños y niñas con distintos problemas de salud).

Palabras clave: literatura infantil, funciones, Educación
Investigating Subphotospheric Dissipation in Gamma-Ray Bursts Using Joint Fermi–Swift Observations
Authors: Ahlgren Björn , Larsson Josefin , Valan Vlasta , Mortlock Daniel , Ryde Felix , Pe’er Asaf 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The jet photosphere has been proposed as the origin for the gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission. In many such models, characteristic features in the spectra appear below the energy range of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) detectors, so joint fits with X-ray data are important in order to assess the photospheric scenario. Here we consider a particular photospheric model which assumes localized subphotospheric dissipation by internal shocks in a non-magnetized outflow. We investigate it using Bayesian inference and a sample of eight GRBs with known redshifts which are observed simultaneously with Fermi GBM and the Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT). This provides us with an energy range of 0.3 keV–40 MeV and much tighter parameter constraints. We analyze 32 spectra and find that 16 are well described by the model. We also find that the estimates of the bulk Lorentz factor, Γ, and the fireball luminosity, L
0,52, decrease while the fraction of dissipated energy, ε
d, increases in the joint fits compared to GBM-only fits. These changes are caused by a small excess of counts in the XRT data, relative to the model predictions from fits to GBM-only data. The fact that our limited implementation of the physical scenario yields 50% accepted spectra is promising, and we discuss possible model revisions in the light of the new data. Specifically, we argue that the inclusion of significant magnetization, as well as removing the assumption of internal shocks, will provide better fits at low energies.
The Motions of Dark Matter
Authors: Helfer H. L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The absence of dark matter (DM) in stars is interpreted as an important constraint on its allowable kinematics rather than implying extremely small cross sections. A model for the motions of DM particles in the vicinity of stars and spiral galaxies is developed assuming internal motions in a DM particle can couple to its translational motion. A DM particle having rapid “spin” must move in a tight helix around its guiding center world line, in a manner similar to an ion moving in a magnetic field. Compared to ordinary matter particles, DM particles cannot enter deep gravitational wells because their total angular momentum is too high. Numerical examples seem reasonable. It is very doubtful that this DM can be found in the solar system, or be present in stars or protostars, or be found in the interior regions of galaxies.
Triple-lens Gravitational Microlensing: Critical Curves for Arbitrary Spatial Configuration
Authors: Daněk Kamil , Heyrovský David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Since the first observation of triple-lens gravitational microlensing in 2006, analyses of six more events have been published by the end of 2018. In three events the lens was a star with two planets; four involved a binary star with a planet. Other possible triple lenses, such as triple stars or stars with a planet with a moon, are yet to be detected. The analysis of triple-lens events is hindered by the lack of understanding of the diversity of their caustics and critical curves. We present a method for identifying the full range of critical curves for a triple lens with a given combination of masses in an arbitrary spatial configuration. We compute their boundaries in parameter space, identify the critical-curve topologies in the partitioned regions, and evaluate their probabilities of occurrence. We demonstrate the analysis on three triple-lens models. For three equal masses the computed boundaries divide the parameter space into 39 regions yielding nine different critical-curve topologies. The other models include a binary star with a planet, and a hierarchical star–planet–moon combination of masses. Both have the same set of 11 topologies, including new ones with doubly nested critical-curve loops. The number of lensing regimes thus depends on the combination of masses—unlike in the double lens, which has the same three regimes for any mass ratio. The presented approach is suitable for further investigations, such as studies of the changes occurring in nonstatic lens configurations due to orbital motion of the components or other parallax-type effects.
An Investigation on the Origin of Centaurs’ Color–Inclination Relation
Authors: Liu Po-Yen , Ip Wing-Huen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Since its discovery, there has been a debate in the past few decades on the origin of the bimodal color distribution of Centaurs. Two theories have been proposed to explain this bimodal color distribution: (1) evolutionary processes resulting in changes of the surface properties of Centaurs, and (2) compositional differences inherited from the source region of Centaurs. Interestingly, Centaurs also show a correlation between their orbital inclinations and colors such that blue and red Centaurs tend to be characterized by high and low inclination distributions, respectively. In this study, these two hypotheses are investigated, and it is found that hypothesis (2) is more likely to be the origin of the color–inclination relation of Centaurs assuming that the scattered Kuiper Belt objects (SKBOs) also have a color–inclination relation, and this relation is statistically preserved when they evolved into Centaurs. This hypothesis is further justified by performing numerical simulations on 158 observed Centaurs and 82 observed SKBOs. Finally, it is suggested that the “outside-in” external photoevaporation happening during the early stage of the solar system might be related to the puzzling color–inclination relation observed in Centaurs and, possibly, other trans-Neptunian object subgroups.
Super-Eddington Accretion Disks around Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Jiang 姜 燕 Yan-Fei 飞 , Stone James M. , Davis Shane W. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We use global three-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamical simulations to study accretion disks onto a

black hole with accretion rates varying from

to

. We initialize the disks with a weakly magnetized torus centered at either 50 or 80 gravitational radii, leading to self-consistent turbulence generated by the magnetorotational instability (MRI). The inner regions of all disks have radiation pressure ∼104–106 times the gas pressure. Nonaxisymmetric density waves that steepen into spiral shocks form as gas flows toward the black hole. Maxwell stress from MRI turbulence can be larger than the Reynolds stress only when the net vertical magnetic flux is sufficiently large. Outflows are formed with a speed of ∼0.1–0.4c. When the accretion rate is smaller than

, outflows are launched from ∼10 gravitational radii, and the radiative efficiency is ∼5%–7%. For an accretion rate reaching

, most of the funnel region near the rotation axis becomes optically thick, and the outflow is launched from beyond 50 gravitational radii. The radiative efficiency is reduced to 1%. We always find that the kinetic energy luminosity associated with the outflow is at most ∼15%–30% of the radiative luminosity. The mass flux in the outflow is ∼15%–50% of the net mass accretion rates. We discuss the implications of our simulation results on the observational properties of these disks.
Ancestral T Cells in Fish Require mTORC1-Coupled Immune Signals and Metabolic Programming for Proper Activation and Function
Authors: Wei Xiumei , Ai Kete , Li Huiying , Zhang Yu , Li Kang , Yang Jialong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
T cells suddenly appeared in jawed fish ∼450 million years ago. Biological studies of fish T cells may provide helpful evidence to understand evolution of adaptive immune systems. To this end, using a Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) model, we revealed the regulatory mechanism of adaptive immunity mediated by ancestral T cells in jawed fish. Nile tilapia T cells as well as a tightly regulated mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway participate in the cellular adaptive immune response during Streptococcus agalactiae infection. Blockade of mTORC1 signaling by rapamycin impairs T cell activation and Ag-induced proliferation in this early vertebrate. More critically, we show that signals from mTORC1 are indispensable for primordial effector T cells to eliminate infection by promoting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, cytotoxic-related molecules, and proapoptotic genes. Mechanistically, teleost mTORC1 directs effector T cell function by coordinating multiple metabolic programs, including glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and lipogenesis through activating key transcription factors c-Myc, HIF-1α, and sterol regulatory element–binding proteins, and thus links immune signals to metabolic reprogramming in jawed fish. To our knowledge, these results represent the first description of the regulatory mechanism for T cell–mediated adaptive immunity in a fish species. From an evolutionary viewpoint, our study suggests that primordial T cells are armed with sophisticated regulatory strategies like those in modern T cells prior to the divergence of bony fish from the tetrapod lineage. Therefore, our findings fill in an important gap regarding evolution of the adaptive immune system.
A Director’s Guide to the Art of Stand-up
Authors: Head Chris 
Published: July 2019

Stand-up: it’s the ultimate solo art form. Yet, behind the scenes, you will increasingly find the shadowy figure of a director. For comics themselves and for those who support them, this is the first book to give the director’s perspective on creating and performing stand-up comedy. Drawing on his own experience of directing stand-up alongside speaking to comedians and their directors, Chris Head produces a revealing perspective on the creative process, comic persona, writing stand-up, structuring material and delivering a performance.
Directors interviewed include Logan Murray, John Gordillo and Simon McBurney, who between them have directed Eddie Izzard, Michael McIntyre, Milton Jones, Lenny Henry and French & Saunders. With a foreword by BBC arts editor Will Gompertz and contributions from many other interviewees including Oliver Double (author of Getting the Joke), this is the only book that goes all the way from one-liners to theatre via comedy club sets and full-length shows.
Perfect for stand-ups from newbies to pros, students of comedy, academics studying and teaching stand-up and for directors themselves, A Director’s Guide to the Art of Stand-up offers hundreds of inspiring practical insights and shows how creating the comedian’s highly personal, individual act can be a deeply collaborative process
Shakespeare in the Global South
Authors: Young Sandra 
Published: July 2019

Contemporary adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays have brought into sharp focus the legacies of slavery, racism and colonial dispossession that still haunt the global South. Looking sideways across the Atlantic and Indian Oceans to nontraditional centres of Shakespeare practice, Shakespeare in the Global South explores the solidarities generated by contemporary adaptations and their stories of displacement and survival. The book takes its lead from innovative theatre practice in Mauritius, North India, Brazil, post-apartheid South Africa and the diasporic urban spaces of the global North, to assess the lessons for cultural theory emerging from the new works.
Using the ‘global South’ as a critical frame, Sandra Young reflects on the vocabulary scholars have found productive in grappling with the impact of the new iterations of Shakespeare’s work, through terms such as ‘creolization’, ‘indigenization’, ‘localization’, ‘Africanization’ and ‘diaspora’. Shakespeare’s presence in the global South invites us to go beyond familiar orthodoxies and to recognize the surprising affinities felt across oceans of difference in time and space that allow Shakespeare’s inventiveness to be a part of the enchanting subversions at play in contemporary theatre’s global currents.
The Life of Training
Authors: Matthews John 
Published: July 2019

In The Life of Training, John Matthews offers an accessible and original contribution to the philosophy of training for performance, building on his previous works Training for Performance (2011) and Anatomy of Performance Training (2014).
With chapters on the seven characteristics of biological life - reproduction, stimulation, heritability, adaptation, growth, organisation and homeostasis - Matthews combines his unique approach with elements of Hannah Arendt’s mature philosophy to reach surprising and essential conclusions about the role time plays in training practices, and about the function of training practices in producing time and its tenses.
Ideal for readers seeking to understand the relationship between training practices and human experience, on and off stage, or for teachers looking for a new, innovative approach to performance.