bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous Haldane model: topological phase transitions and flat bands
Authors: Yang Fan , Ling Yi-Xuan , Yan Xu-Hui , Qi Lu , Zhang Xiuyun , Han Ying , He Ai-Lei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To investigate the influence of nanoholes on Chern insulators (CIs), we propose a porous Haldane model that considers the nearest-neighbor (NN) hoppings and next-NN (NNN) hoppings with staggered magnetic fluxes. This model supports multiple topological phases with different filling factors. At 2/5 filling, CI phases with

C
=
±
1

, C = 2,

C
=
±
3

,

C
=
±
4

and higher-order topological insulator (HOTI) appear. At 9/20 filling, CI with

C
=
±
1

, C = 2, C = 3, and HOTI phases are obtained. At half-filling, this model exhibits CI with

C
=
±
1

, C = 2, and

C
=
−
3

and HOTI phases. Unlike conventional HOTIs, these HOTI phases host gapless edge states and robust corner states which are characterized by a quantized quadrupole. Additionally, there is a topological flat band (TFB) with a flatness ratio about 13 with the NN and NNN hoppings. Based on the TFB model, we further investigate a

ν
=
1

/

2

fractional CI state with hard-core bosons filling.
Research on grating nano-measurement algorithm based on TCN
Authors: Chang Li , Li Zhipeng , Zhou Bo , Xiu Guoyi , Guo Yumei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In order to compensate for the errors caused by disturbing factors such as temperature, humidity, vibration and pressure in the environment during the measurement of grating sensor, a measurement algorithm based on an improved temporal convolutional network (TCN) is proposed. The environmental signals are first collected to construct the data set, and then the improved TCN model with S-shaped rectified linear activation unit activation function is used to subdivide the grating sensor signals and compensate the environmental errors. Experimental results show that in the training of the data set with the least error reduction, the error of the original TCN after compensation is about 4.52 nm, the error of the improved TCN after compensation is about 3.46 nm. Therefore, the improved TCN reduces the error by at least about 23.5%. Compared with the other same type of algorithm, the improved TCN can reduce the error in the verification set by at least 44.3%, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed error compensation algorithm, and lays a certain foundation for the realization of ultra-precision measurement of gratings.
A computational analysis to enhance performance of CIGS solar cells using back surface field and ZnSe buffer layer approach
Authors: Kumar Alok , Giripunje Sushama M , Patel Alok Kumar , Gohri Shivani 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aims to enhance copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cell efficiency while minimizing environmental impact by replacing the toxic CdS buffer layer with a ZnSe buffer layer. The CIGS chalcogenide semiconductor is a promising solar cell absorber material but has faced challenges related to defect-free manufacturing, misaligned buffer layers, and device configuration. Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and zinc selenide (ZnSe), an inexpensive, eco-friendly, and widely available material, are suggested as a back surface field layer and buffer layer to enhance device performance. This paper proposes a new cadmium-free structure (Al/ZnO:Al/ZnO/ZnSe/CIGS/Cu2O/Ni) to enhance the efficiency of CIGS heterojunction solar cells by reducing charge carrier recombination losses. We utilized solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) to simulate photovoltaic (PV) performance and examined the impacts of electron affinity, absorber thickness, interface defect density, operating temperature, radiative recombination coefficient (RRC), Mott–Schottky analysis, parasitic resistance, and quantum efficiency on PV characteristics. Optimization and choosing a suitable buffer and passivation layer gives the device efficiency of 31.13%, followed by V
OC (0.92 V), J
SC (40.40 mA cm−2), and FF (83.34%) for the proposed structure. The RRC found to be 10−13 cm3 s−1 and the parasitic resistance of the solar cell are in good agreement for fabricating high-efficiency solar cells. These findings suggest that CIGS-based heterojunction solar cells represent a cutting-edge method for achieving high-efficiency solar cells that outperform earlier designs.
Non-singular fast terminal sliding mode trajectory tracking control of cantilever piezo-electric stack actuator based on asymmetric hysteresis compensation
Authors: He Meng , Jiang Weichao , Ding Shuchen , Wang Yong , Zhu Junhui , Ru Changhai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Piezoelectric actuators are widely employed in micro-precision applications due to their fast response and high resolution. This paper investigates the trajectory tracking control of a cantilever piezoelectric stack actuator (CPSA) under external perturbations and hysteresis. A control scheme is proposed that effectively compensates for hysteresis by employing an asymmetric Bouc–Wen model, integrated with a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control (NFTSMC) featuring a variable convergence law. This methodology guarantees finite-time convergence and robustness, thereby enhancing the overall control performance of the CPSA. Experimental results reveal that the proposed control algorithm significantly improves control accuracy and speed, achieving stable closed-loop system performance and maintaining bounded closed-loop signals within a finite time frame. The effectiveness and superiority of the NFTSMC method are validated through comprehensive experimental studies.
Active sensing of industrial fluid degradation via electro-mechanical impedance of a submerged piezoelectric wafer
Authors: Lu Runye , Shen Yanfeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Industrial fluids, such as lubricants and cutting compounds, are ubiquitous in diverse mechanical transmission systems and manufacturing scenarios. Throughout the operational lifespan, these fluids are vulnerable to degradation and contamination, rendering change of mechanical properties and loss of performance, therefore causing detrimental effects on subordinate machineries and product quality. To address such a concern, this article proposes an electro-mechanical impedance spectroscopy for the real-time monitoring of industrial fluids via a structure-fluid interactive piezoelectric sensor. To unravel the intricacies of the interactive mechanism between industrial fluids and the piezoelectric sensory device, an analytical model was established, with the influence of the fluid processed as an additional inertial load and dissipative viscosity. Meanwhile, finite element analysis was performed to scrutinize the nuanced influence of the fluid with fluid-structural interaction boundary condition and spring–damper dissipative elements. Parametric studies were conducted to evaluate the impedance spectral features arising from the fluid properties alterations. A damage index based on the amplitude and frequency shift of the impedance spectra can readily serve as a robust quantifier of fluid degradation severity. Ultimately, experimental tests were performed to validate against the analytical and finite element models. The glycerol–water-mixed fluid was utilized to verify the sensor’s sensitivity on density and viscosity alteration of the fluid. Two industrial fluids, gearbox lubricant and cutting fluid under various service periods, were employed to demonstrate the practical monitoring capability. This article culminates with summary, concluding remarks, and suggestions for future work.
Using extended direct algebraic method to investigate families of solitary wave solutions for the space-time fractional modified benjamin bona mahony equation
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Iqbal Javed , Ullah Ikram , Shah Kamal , Abdeljawad Thabet 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This work studies the space-time fractional modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation, a mathematical model of nonlinear wave propagation in various physical systems, for solitary wave solutions. Among the precise solutions we produce with the Extended Direct Algebraic method are solitary waves and periodic wave patterns. These solutions reveal information on soliton interactions and propagation processes, offering insight into the dynamics of the problem. Characterizing the answers is made easier with the use of graphic representations. Our work bridges the gap between chemical reaction-diffusion mechanisms and biological mathematics to improve comprehension of complicated events in interdisciplinary study.
The evolution of spectral data for nonlinear Klein-Gordon models
Authors: Palheta P H S , Assis P E G , Gonçalves T M N 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We investigate the effect of the breaking of integrability in the integrals of motion of a sine-Gordon-like system. The class of quasi-integrable models, discussed in the literature, inherits some of the integrable properties they are associated with. Our strategy, to investigate the problem through a deformation of the so-called inverse scattering method, has proven to be useful in the discussion of generic nonlinear Klein-Gordon potentials, as well as in particular cases presented here.
Refined speckle contrast estimation in OCT based on compensation of scattering-related distortions of speckle pattern parameters
Authors: Matveev Lev A , Sovetsky Alexander A , Matveyev Alexander L , Vitkin I Alex , Assaad Maher , Zaitsev Vladimir Y 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Speckle contrast (SC) parameters in optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans are formed by the interplay of several factors—local level of optical wave backscattering by the material inhomogeneities, parameters of spatial distribution of the latter and the degree of cumulative optical wave attenuation during its fourth-and-back propagation. For the optical wavelengths used in OCT, this attenuation is usually dominated by the influence of scattering in the visualized turbid tissues rather than by absorption. For sufficiently high concentrations of scatterers (at least a few scatterers in the coherence volume) characterized by comparable scattering strengths and a fairly homogeneous distribution in space, the interference of locally scattered waves should be characterized by a Rayleigh distribution of speckle amplitudes, for which the local SC tends to 0.52. Equivalently, in terms of speckle intensities, the local SC tends to unity. Local spatial inhomogeneities or strongly uneven scattering strengths lead to the appearance of increased values of SC, which may serve as a diagnostic feature of some tissue components in OCT images. At the same time, in comparison to surface speckles formed by coherent-light scattering from rough surfaces, OCT-beam attenuation during its fourth-and-back propagation may introduce intensity inhomogeneities in OCT scans even for homogeneous tissue areas. This effect results in artefactual distortion of the visible SC in comparison with the above-mentioned expected value. Moreover, the presence of individual strong scatterers may additionally non-locally distort SC values due to the appearance of elongated shadows below such scatterers, which causes lateral inhomogeneities in OCT scans. Here, we propose a refined SC parameter, which is cleaned from distorting scattering-related effects in both axial and lateral directions. Depth-resolved estimation of the optical attenuation coefficient is used to restore attenuation-free OCT scans, for which the refined SC is estimated. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated using both digital OCT phantoms with highly controlled properties and experimental OCT data.
Characterization of the I-phase regime at TCV
Authors: Griener M. , Wüthrich C. , Wang Y. , Brida D. , Faitsch M. , Offeddu N. , Theiler C. ,   the TCV Team,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The I-phase is an H-mode confinement regime of tokamaks characterized by limit cycle oscillations, the so-called LCOs or bursts. These bursts are the manifestation of a periodic flattening of the plasma edge pressure profile. The profile flattening is caused by increased radial transport, driven by a high-frequency plasma edge mode that periodically appears. This short-living mode is intrinsically connected to each burst. It vanishes once the profiles are fully flattened, and it reestablishes during profile recovery once critical gradients are reached and a new cycle begins. In this paper, we describe for the first time the unambiguous presence of the I-phase at the tokamak à configuration variable (TCV). As the I-phase confinement regime is found in the parameter regime between the L-mode and the fully developed H-mode, it is often confused with dithers between H-mode and L-mode. Therefore, we are highlighting the differences between these two phenomena. Furthermore, we show the two-dimensional dynamics of the I-phase mode and bursts and the associated filamentary transport, enabled by the outstanding capabilities of the 2D TCV Gas Puff Imaging diagnostics.
Current circulation near additional energy degeneracy points in quadratic Fermionic networks
Authors: Upadhyay Vipul , Marathe Rahul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study heat and particle current circulation (CC) in quadratic Fermionic systems analysed using a general dissipative Lindbladian master equation. It was observed in an earlier study (Upadhyay et al 2023 Phys. Rev. E 107 034120) that CC occurs near the additional energy degeneracy point (AEDP) in Fermionic systems which have some form of asymmetry. We find general analytical expression to support this observation for quadratic Fermionic networks. We then apply these ideas to the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model with periodic boundary conditions and a tight binding model with unequal hopping strengths in the upper and lower branches. In both these cases, we find the specific conditions required for observing CC and study the behavior of these currents with various system parameters. We find that having unequal number of Fermionic sites in the upper and lower branches is enough for generating CC in the SSH model. However, this asymmetry is not adequate for the tight-binding model and we require unequal hopping strengths in the upper and lower branches to induce CC in this model. We also compare our results with the exact results obtained via the Non-equilibrium Green function formalism, and observe that the relationship between AEDP and CC also holds for the exact results. Finally, we observe that for certain system parameters, the onset point of particle and heat CC are not the same. Based on all these observations, we describe how carefully examining the energy spectrum of the system gives a great deal of information about the possibility and behavior of CC in Fermionic systems with asymmetries.
Benchmarking the integration of hexagonal boron nitride crystals and thin films into graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Ouaj Taoufiq , Arnold Christophe , Azpeitia Jon , Baltic Sunaja , Barjon Julien , Cascales José , Cun Huanyao , Esteban David , Garcia-Hernandez Mar , Garnier Vincent , Gautam Subodh K , Greber Thomas , Said Hassani Said , Hemmi Adrian , Jiménez Ignacio , Journet Catherine , Kögerler Paul , Loiseau Annick , Maestre Camille , Metzelaars Marvin , Schmidt Philipp , Stampfer Christoph , Stenger Ingrid , Steyer Philippe , Taniguchi Takashi , Toury Bérangère , Watanabe Kenji , Beschoten Bernd 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present a benchmarking protocol that combines the characterization of boron nitride (BN) crystals and films with the evaluation of the electronic properties of graphene on these substrates. Our study includes hBN crystals grown under different conditions (atmospheric pressure high temperature, high pressure high temperature, pressure controlled furnace) and scalable BN films deposited by either chemical or physical vapor deposition (PVD). We explore the complete process from boron nitride growth, over its optical characterization by time-resolved cathodoluminescence (TRCL), to the optical and electronic characterization of graphene by Raman spectroscopy after encapsulation and Hall bar processing. Within our benchmarking protocol we achieve a homogeneous electronic performance within each Hall bar device through a fast and reproducible processing routine. We find that a free exciton lifetime of

1

ns

measured on as-grown hBN crystals by TRCL is sufficient to achieve high graphene room temperature charge carrier mobilities of

80

000

cm
2

(
Vs

)

−
1

at a carrier density of

|
n

|

=
1
×

10

12

cm

−
2

, while respective exciton lifetimes around

100

ps

yield mobilities up to

30

000

cm
2

(
Vs

)

−
1

. For scalable PVD-grown BN films, we measure carrier mobilities exceeding

10

000

cm
2

(
Vs

)

−
1

which correlates with a graphene Raman 2D peak linewidth of

22

cm

−
1

. Our work highlights the importance of the Raman 2D linewidth of graphene as a critical metric that effectively assesses the interface quality (i.e. surface roughness) to the BN substrate, which directly affects the charge carrier mobility of graphene. Graphene 2D linewidth analysis is suitable for all BN substrates and is particularly advantageous when TRCL or BN Raman spectroscopy cannot be applied to specific BN materials such as amorphous or thin films. This underlines the superior role of spatially-resolved spectroscopy in the evaluation of BN crystals and films for the use of high-mobility graphene devices.
Research on enhancing thermal conductivity of phase change microcapsules with nano-copper
Authors: Yang Xinjie , Liping Zeng , Dai Xuebing , Chen Xiao , Sheng Mengyao , Su Huan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The unique ability of phase change materials (PCMs) to store and release heat makes their integration into building materials promising for reducing energy consumption and enhancing sustainability. In this work, a novel high-thermal-conductivity microencapsulated phase change material was studied, with nano-copper embedded in the microcapsule structure. This modification enhanced thermal conductivity while largely preserving the material’s latent heat storage capacity. Poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) is chosen as the capsule shell, whereas a eutectic mixture of decanoic acid (CA) and lauric acid (LA) serves as the core material. The analysis results indicate that as the shell-core mass ratio decreases, the microcapsule size increases, and both thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity gradually decrease. Moreover, the latent heat capacity of microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) increases. When the shell-core mass ratio is 1:1.5, the melting latent heat and solidification latent heat are 81.85 J g−1 and 88.68 J g−1, respectively. nano-copper doping enhances the material’s thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity by 47.5% and 50%, respectively, leading to a 20.3% improvement in heat storage efficiency. After 200 cycles of testing, the material maintains good thermal reliability and chemical stability. Mortar-based composite materials containing microcapsules were prepared. The mortar composite materials containing microcapsules exhibited minimal influence from heating and cooling, with those containing nano-copper microcapsules demonstrating superior thermal response speeds. The method of doping and modifying MEPCM with nano-copper is a promising approach for effectively reducing the impact of temperature fluctuations on the internal comfort of buildings, improving energy utilization efficiency, and providing reliable solutions for temperature-sensitive applications.
Supercapacitors for conformable electronics
Authors: Joseph Anit , Thomas Tiju 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The fast evolution of conformable electronics has demanded the development of energy storage technologies that are both flexible and efficient. Supercapacitors (SCs) offer an excellent option for powering these cutting-edge gadgets because of their high-power density, quick charge–discharge times, and extended cycle life. In this research, the materials, design, and performance features of SCs are highlighted as they are integrated into conformable electronic systems. We study the effects of several flexible electrode materials on the electrochemical performance of SCs, including conducting polymers and carbon-based nanomaterials. Along with current developments in conformable electronics, which combine SC power density, the issues of scalability, stability, and environmental effects are discussed. The advancements of SCs-based conformable electronics in India and a global perspective are analysed in detail. Our analysis shows how SCs can open the door for more adaptable and sustainable power solutions by enabling the next wave of wearable technology, soft robotics, and other conformable applications.
Enhancing source identification of water-soluble heavy metal contamination in urban road sediments: a receptor model approach for water and sediment quality in a Chinese metropolitan area
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , You Zai-Jin , Buttar Noman Ali , Naeem Muhammad , Azam Muhammad Imran , Ali Basharat , Hashem Abeer , Almutairi Khalid F , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the concentrations and sources of 8 heavy metals in urban road sediments and a total of 116 samples were collected from 29 locations, with four samples per location from Zhengzhou, China. Pb concentrations significantly exceeded background values, while Hg levels showed variability across locations. Pollution indices reveal that Cu and Cd, two hazardous metals, contribute significantly to urban road dust pollution. Notably, Hg shows high contamination levels, while Pb and Cr exhibit moderate contamination. The measured concentrations of the heavy metals are: Cr (28.32 μg l–1), Cu (334.65 μg l–1), Cd (2.87 μg l–1), Ni (83.20 μg l–1), Zn (204.10 μg l–1), As (45.10 μg l–1), Pb (4.11 μg l–1), and Hg (0.27 μg l–1). Using principal component analysis (PCA), three primary components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) were identified, explaining 86.85% of the variance in heavy metal concentrations. PC1, dominated by Cr and Pb, suggests industrial activities as the main source. PC2, influenced by As and Cd, reflects pollution from agrochemical use, while PC3, with high Ni values, indicates sources from alloy production and electroplating processes. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted environmental management strategies to mitigate the health and ecological risks posed by heavy metal contamination in urban environments.