bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid T2‐ and T1‐weighted radial acquisition for free‐breathing abdominal examination
Authors: Benkert Thomas , Mugler John P. , Rigie David S. , Sodickson Daniel K. , Chandarana Hersh , Block Kai Tobias 
Published: April 2018

PurposeMost clinical MR examinations require acquisition of different image contrasts. For abdominal exams, the scans are conventionally performed as separate acquisitions using respiratory gating or repeated breath holding, which can be time‐inefficient and challenging for patients. Here, a hybrid imaging approach is described that creates T2‐ and T1‐weighted images from a single scan and allows for free‐breathing acquisition.Theory and MethodsT2‐weighted data is collected using 3D fast spin‐echo (FSE) acquisition with motion‐robust radial stack‐of‐stars sampling. The wait time between the FSE trains is used to acquire T1‐weighted gradient‐echo (GRE) data. Improved robustness is achieved by extracting a respiratory signal from the GRE data and using it for motion‐weighted reconstruction.ResultsAs validated in simulations and phantom scans, GRE acquisition in the wait time has minor effect on the signal strength and contrast. Volunteer scans at 1.5T showed that T2‐ and T1‐weighted hybrid imaging is feasible during free‐breathing. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated in a patient that hybrid imaging with T1‐weighted Dixon acquisition is possible.ConclusionThe described hybrid sequence enables comprehensive T2‐ and T1‐weighted imaging in a single scan. In addition to free‐breathing abdominal examination, it promises value for clinical applications that are frequently affected by motion artifacts.
The robustness of T2 value as a trabecular structural index at multiple spatial resolutions of 7 Tesla MRI
Authors: Lee D.K. , Song Y.K. , Park B.W. , Cho H.P. , Yeom J.S. , Cho G. , Cho H. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeTo evaluate the robustness of MR transverse relaxation times of trabecular bone from spin‐echo and gradient‐echo acquisitions at multiple spatial resolutions of 7 T.MethodsThe effects of MRI resolutions to T2 and
of trabecular bone were numerically evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations. T2,
, and trabecular structural indices from multislice multi‐echo and UTE acquisitions were measured in defatted human distal femoral condyles on a 7 T scanner. Reference structural indices were extracted from high‐resolution microcomputed tomography images. For bovine knee trabecular samples with intact bone marrow, T2 and
were measured by degrading spatial resolutions on a 7 T system.ResultsIn the defatted trabecular experiment, both T2 and
values showed strong (
> 0.80) correlations with trabecular spacing and number, at a high spatial resolution of 125 µm3. The correlations for MR image‐segmentation‐derived structural indices were significantly degraded (
< 0.50) at spatial resolutions of 250 and 500 µm3. The correlations for
rapidly dropped (
< 0.50) at a spatial resolution of 500 µm3, whereas those for T2 remained consistently high (
> 0.85). In the bovine trabecular experiments with intact marrow, low‐resolution (approximately 1 mm3, 2 minutes) T2 values did not shorten (
> 0.95 with respect to approximately 0.4 mm3, 11 minutes) and maintained consistent correlations (
> 0.70) with respect to trabecular spacing (turbo spin echo, 22.5 minutes).ConclusionT2 measurements of trabeculae at 7 T are robust with degrading spatial resolution and may be preferable in assessing trabecular spacing index with reduced scan time, when high‐resolution 3D micro‐MRI is difficult to obtain.
Robust motion correction in CEST imaging exploiting low‐rank approximation of the z‐spectrum
Authors: Wech Tobias , Köstler Herbert 
Published: April 2018

PurposeTo introduce and evaluate an image registration technique for robust quantification of CEST acquisitions corrupted by motion.MethodsThe proposed iterative algorithm exploits a low‐rank approximation of the z‐spectrum (LRAZ), to gradually separate the contrast variation due to saturation at different off‐resonance frequencies and accompanying motion. This registration method was first tested in a creatine CEST analysis of a phantom with simulated rigid motion. Subsequently, creatine CEST acquisitions in the human thigh during exercise were exemplarily corrected.ResultsThe z‐spectrum obtained by applying LRAZ to the corrupted phantom series exhibited a normalized RMS error with respect to the noncorrupted gold standard series of less than 4%. The corresponding creatine map resulting from an asymmetry analysis of the registered data showed only little difference with regard to the noncorrupted determination, too. A comparable performance was observed exploiting LRAZ for the correction of nonrigid motion within the dynamic CEST acquisitions in skeletal muscles. While for the phantom simulations, high‐quality registration was also possible by using a single reference image for the whole series and mutual information as similarity metric, this conventional approach resulted in inappropriate correction of the more complicated motion of the human thigh.ConclusionThe newly introduced method allows for a robust registration of CEST image series, which are corrupted by rigid and nonrigid motion of the investigated organ. The technique therefore improves the diagnostic value in various applications of CEST.
In‐plane “superresolution” MRI with phaseless sub‐pixel encoding
Authors: Hennel Franciszek , Tian Rui , Engel Maria , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeAcquisition of high‐resolution imaging data using multiple excitations without the sensitivity to fluctuations of the transverse magnetization phase, which is a major problem of multi‐shot MRI.Theory and MethodsThe concept of superresolution MRI based on microscopic tagging is analyzed using an analogy with the optical method of structured illumination. Sinusoidal tagging is shown to provide subpixel resolution by mixing of neighboring spatial frequency (k‐space) bands. It represents a phaseless modulation added on top of the standard Fourier encoding, which allows the phase fluctuations to be discarded at an intermediate reconstruction step. Improvements are proposed to correct for tag distortions due to magnetic field inhomogeneity and to avoid the propagation of Gibbs ringing from intermediate low‐resolution images to the final image. The method was applied to diffusion‐weighted EPI.ResultsArtifact‐free superresolution images can be obtained despite a finite duration of the tagging sequence and related pattern distortions by a field map based phase correction of band‐wise reconstructed images. The ringing effect present in the intermediate images can be suppressed by partial overlapping of the mixed k‐space bands in combination with an adapted filter. High‐resolution diffusion‐weighted images of the human head were obtained with a three‐shot EPI sequence despite motion‐related phase fluctuations between the shots.ConclusionDue to its phaseless character, tagging‐based sub‐pixel encoding is an alternative to k‐space segmenting in the presence of unknown phase fluctuations, in particular those due to motion under strong diffusion gradients. Proposed improvements render the method practicable in realistic conditions.
Investigating the motives of patients with knee OA undergoing a TKR: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Traumer Line , Sørensen Erik Elgaard , Kusk Kathrine Hoffmann , Skou Søren Thorgaard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTotal knee replacement (TKR) is generally considered effective as treatment of pain and functional limitations in end‐stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, many patients delay surgery for months or are unwilling to undergo TKR despite pain and functional limitations. Hence, a qualitatively assessment of what actually affects the patient's decision to undergo TKR would be important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the motives of patients with knee OA choosing to undergo TKR and to explore the factors considered important during their decision‐making process.MethodsEleven patients undergoing TKR were recruited from the outpatient orthopedic department. Using an interview guide, in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted at participants' home. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and a thematic analysis was performed.ResultsThe analysis revealed that the interaction between doctor and patient emerged as a factor highly influential on patients' decision‐making process with patients choosing the treatment option suggested by the doctor. Using x‐rays, revealing no cartilage between the bones, as a reason for choosing to undergo TKR was a legitimate argument among patients. The prospect of avoiding taking high doses of pain‐relieving medication and hearing positive experiences of others who had undergone TKR motivated patients to undergo TKR. However, negative experiences of others were neglected.ConclusionsPatients' decision‐making process was influenced by several factors, with some factors being more influential than others. Knowledge of which factors patients consider important in relation to their decision to undergo TKR can facilitate and support shared decision‐making regarding TKR.
The impact of social capital on clinical risk management in nursing: a survey in Iranian public educational hospitals
Authors: Jafari Mehdi , Pourtaleb Arefeh , Khodayari‐Zarnaq Rahim 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the social capital impact on clinical risk management from nurses’ viewpoints.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional and analytical study conduct in six public educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).MethodQuestionnaires were used as the data collection tool. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, parametric and non‐parametric tests by SPSS 16 at a significance level of 0.05.ResultsRisk management, social capital and all its three dimensions evaluated in moderate level. It is confirmed that the social capital is one of the factors associated with the improvement of clinical risk management. There was a significant relationship between clinical risk management and social capital. In this respect, hospital managers and decision‐makers could enhance clinical risk management by identifying and increasing different dimensions of social capital which consequently led to have a better patient safety culture in hospitals.
Development of an adjustment ability scale for outpatients with cancer: Verification of its reliability and validity
Authors: Hirokawa Keiko , Suzuki Shizue 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimsTo develop an adjustment ability scale for outpatients with cancer and to investigate its reliability and validity.DesignQuantitative study.MethodsA proposed adjustment ability scale was prepared based on scale development guidelines. Its reliability and validity were statistically analysed using data obtained from 369 patients.ResultsSix factors were extracted from the factor analysis. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.95 and the test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.83. A correlation coefficient of .48 was determined between the adjustment ability scale and the Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale (Japanese version), which assesses psychological adaptations via the cognitive‐behavioural responses of patients with cancer. The correlation coefficient between the scale and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General (Japanese version 4), which measures quality of life among patients with cancer, was 0.15.
Pathways of Association from Stress to Obesity in Early Childhood
Authors: Miller Alison L. , Lumeng Julie C. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to critically review the literature on early life stress in relation to obesity in humans, including the multiple biological and behavioral mechanisms through which early life stress exposure (birth to the age of 5 years) may associate with obesity risk during childhood.MethodsA review of the literature was conducted to identify studies on associations between early childhood stress and risk for obesity and the mechanisms of association. Multiple databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, Google Scholar) were used in the search as well as a "snowball" search strategy. All study designs were included.ResultsEarly life stress and adverse childhood experiences are associated with obesity and overweight in adults. Evidence is less consistent in children. Studies vary in the nature of the stress examined (e.g., chronic vs. acute), sample characteristics, and study designs. Longitudinal studies are needed, as the effects of early life stress exposure may not emerge until later in the life‐span. Early life stress exposure is associated with biological and behavioral pathways that may increase risk for childhood obesity.ConclusionsThere is evidence that early life stress is associated with multiple biological and behavioral pathways in children that may increase risk for later obesity. Little work has detailed the interconnections among these mechanisms across development or identified potential moderators of the association. Mapping the mechanisms connecting early life stress exposure to obesity risk in young children longitudinally should be a priority for obesity researchers. Recommendations for developmentally sensitive approaches to research that can inform obesity prevention strategies are presented.
Daily Snacking Occasions and Weight Status Among US Children Aged 1 to 5 Years
Authors: Kachurak Alexandria , Davey Adam , Bailey Regan L. , Fisher Jennifer O. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo characterize associations of snacking frequency with weight status among US children aged 1 to 5 years.MethodsParticipants were children (n = 4,669) aged 1 to 5 years in the 2005 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Snacking was assessed by two 24‐hour dietary recalls using definitions that considered “snack” occasions as well as other foods/beverages consumed between meals. Overweight/obesity (OW/OB) was defined using percentile cutoffs: ≥ 97.7th weight‐for‐length (< 2 years) cutoff and the ≥ 85th BMI‐for‐age (≥ 2 years) cutoff. Linear/logistic regressions evaluated snacking based on daily occasions and relative to current recommendations (two to three snacks per day).ResultsDuring 2005 to 2014, US children aged 1 to 5 years consumed, on average, two to three snacks daily. Children with normal weight in both age groups tended to snack less frequently than children with OW/OB when considering all foods/beverages eaten between meals (P < 0.01‐0.12). Across most snacking definitions, children < 2 years who snacked more frequently than recommended had greater odds of having OW/OB (P < 0.01‐0.12) and consumed greater daily snack energy than those who snacked within recommendations (all P < 0.01). Recommendations did not clearly delineate weight status among children aged 2 to 5 years.ConclusionsSnacking frequency and weight are positively associated among US children 1 to 5 years old, with most consistent associations seen among children < 2 years old and when considering all foods/beverages consumed between meals.
Hierarchical SAPO‐34 Architectures with Tailored Acid Sites using Sustainable Sugar Templates
Authors: Miletto Ivana , Ivaldi Chiara , Paul Geo , Chapman Stephanie , Marchese Leonardo , Raja Robert , Gianotti Enrica 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn a distinct, bottom‐up synthetic methodology, monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) and disaccharides (sucrose) have been used as mesoporogens to template hierarchical SAPO‐34 catalysts. Detailed materials characterization, which includes solid‐state magic angle spinning NMR and probe‐based FTIR, reveals that, although the mesopore dimensions are modified by the identity of the sugar template, the desirable acid characteristics of the microporous framework are retained. When the activity of the hierarchical SAPO‐34 catalysts was evaluated in the industrially relevant Beckmann rearrangement, under liquid‐phase conditions, the enhanced mass‐transport properties of sucrose‐templated hierarchical SAPO‐34 were found to deliver a superior yield of ϵ‐caprolactam.
Ectopic expression of the PISTILLATA homologous MdPI inhibits fruit tissue growth and changes fruit shape in apple
Authors: Yao Jia‐Long , Xu Juan , Tomes Sumathi , Cui Wei , Luo Zhiwei , Deng Cecilia , Ireland Hilary S. , Schaffer Robert J. , Gleave Andrew P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFruit shape represents a key trait that consumers use to identify and select preferred cultivars, and although the manipulation of this trait is an opportunity to create novel, differentiated products, the molecular mechanisms regulating fruit shape are poorly understood in tree fruits. In this study, we have shown that ectopic expression of Malus domestica PISTILLATA (MdPI), the apple ortholog of the floral organ identity gene PISTILLATA (PI), regulates apple fruit tissue growth and shape. MdPI is a single‐copy gene, and its expression is high during flower development but barely detectable soon after pollination. Transgenic apple plants with ectopic expression of MdPI produced flowers with white sepals and a conversion of sepals to petals. Interestingly, these plants produced distinctly flattened fruit as a consequence of reduced cell growth at the basipetal position of the fruit. These altered sepal and fruit phenotypes have not been observed in studies using Arabidopsis. This study using apple has advanced our understanding of PI functions outside the control of petal and stamen identity and provided molecular genetic information useful for manipulating fruit tissue growth and fruit shape.
A framework for treating DSM‐5 alternative model for personality disorder features
Authors: Hopwood Christopher J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite its demonstrated empirical superiority over the DSM‐5 Section 2 categorical model of personality disorders for organizing the features of personality pathology, limitations remain with regard to the translation of the DSM‐5 Section 3 alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) to clinical practice. The goal of this paper is to outline a general and preliminary framework for approaching treatment from the perspective of the AMPD. Specific techniques are discussed for the assessment and treatment of both Criterion A personality dysfunction and Criterion B maladaptive traits. A concise and step‐by‐step model is presented for clinical decision making with the AMPD, in the hopes of offering clinicians a framework for treating personality pathology and promoting further research on the clinical utility of the AMPD. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Focusing on cancer patients' intentions to use psychooncological support: A longitudinal, mixed‐methods study
Authors: Tondorf T. , Grossert A. , Rothschild S.I. , Koller M.T. , Rochlitz C. , Kiss A. , Schaefert R. , Meinlschmidt G. , Hunziker S. , Zwahlen D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveDistress screening programs aim to ensure appropriate psychooncological support for cancer patients, but many eligible patients do not use these services. To improve distress management, we need to better understand patients' supportive care needs. In this paper, we report the first key finding from a longitudinal study that focused on patients' intentions to use psychooncological support and its association with distress and uptake of the psychooncology service.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational study in an Oncology Outpatient Clinic and assessed distress, intention to use psychooncological support, and uptake of the psychooncology service by using the Distress Thermometer, a semistructured interview, and hospital records. We analyzed data with a mixed‐methods approach.ResultsOf 333 patients (mean age 61 years; 55% male; 54% Distress Thermometer ≥ 5), 25% intended to use the psychooncology service (yes), 33% were ambivalent (maybe), and 42% reported no intention (no). Overall, 23% had attended the psychooncology service 4 months later. Ambivalent patients reported higher distress than patients with no intention (odds ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [1.06‐1.32]) but showed significantly lower uptake behavior than patients with an intention (odds ratio = 14.04, 95% confidence interval [6.74‐29.24]). Qualitative analyses revealed that ambivalent patients (maybe) emphasized fears and uncertainties, while patients with clear intentions (yes/no) emphasized knowledge, attitudes, and coping concepts.ConclusionsWe identified a vulnerable group of ambivalent patients with high distress levels and low uptake behavior. To optimize distress screening programs, we suggest addressing and discussing patients' supportive care needs in routine clinical practice.
Effect of Bulk Density on the Combustion Property of Nitrocellulose with Isopropanol Humectant
Authors: Liu Jia Hao , Wang Jian , Xie Qi Miao , Wang Jin Hui , Tao Chang Fa , Yuen Richard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper experimentally examined the effect of bulk density on the combustion behaviour of nitrocellulose with isopropanol humectant. Experimental findings reveal that when the bulk density varies within 120.5∼171.5 kg m−3, the fuel regression rate in the quasi‐steady stage changes slightly, with an average value of 0.41 mm s−1, while it will decrease visibly as the bulk density increases within 171.5∼209.7 kg m−3. The overall regression rate follows the similar variation trend. The measurements of thermocouples mounted inside the sample also support the findings above, and further indicate the flame temperature of nitrocellulose‐isopropanol is about 600∼800 °C. Considering the measured radiative heat flux and flame height determined from flame intermittent contour, the radiation fraction of nitrocellulose‐isopropanol is quantitatively ascertained, i. e. roughly equivalent to 0.3. It is expected that the findings could provide insights into the fire risks of nitrocellulose products with different bulk densities and further offer guidance on their safety management.
Size‐dependent Effect on Thermal Decomposition and Hazard Assessment of TKX‐50 under Adiabatic Condition
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Chen Shusen , Jin Shaohua , Wang Junying , Niu Hu , Zhang Guangyuan , Wang Xiaojun , Wang Dongxu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′‐bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diolate (TKX‐50) with three different particle sizes were studied under adiabatic condition by using accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC). The adiabatic experiment revealed that TKX‐50 had two decomposition stages. Based on the experimental results, the decomposition parameters including the thermal data and pressure data of three kinds of TKX‐50 were used as the hazard assessment indicators. The results revealed that the decomposition of TKX‐50 nanoparticles was the mildest among all of the samples in the first decomposition stage. In addition, the SADT of three kinds of TKX‐50 with different sizes were predicted when stored in the wooden cylinder, and the results showed that TKX‐50 milliparticles exhibited the best thermal stability.