bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferroan olivine‐bearing eucrite clasts found in howardites
Authors: Patzer Andrea , McSween Harry Y. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe investigated several olivine‐bearing, medium‐grained, ophitic to subophitic eucritic clasts from three different Antarctic howardites. Based on grain size (0.5–2 mm), these clasts could represent intrusive igneous units. Based on mineral composition (pyroxene and plagioclase), they are similar to basaltic eucrites. Elemental concentrations of the major silicates and bulk mg#, however, range from those known for basaltic eucrites to those found in cumulate eucrites. Recognizable cumulus phases are absent. Conservatively speaking, the clasts examined may simply classify as relatively coarse‐grained unequilibrated basaltic eucrites. Alternatively, at least one of the clasts showing intermediate grain size and a relatively primitive chemical composition (mg# 50) may sample a rock type that could be genetically placed between the basaltic and cumulate eucrite lines of origin. A minor, yet genetically meaningful common feature of the clasts studied is the occurrence of fayalitic olivine. Two distinct categories exist. They are (1) fine veinlets exclusively percolating through pyroxene and (2) more substantial (up to 100 μm wide) veins and/or interstitial deposits. Only the fine veinlets also contain variable amounts of anorthite, ilmenite, and troilite. Although both types of olivine are ferroan, textural aspects suggest distinct paths of generation. The fine veinlets are best explained by decomposition of relatively FeO‐rich, heterogeneous, and locally metastable pyroxene, caused in situ by impact heating and subsequent fast cooling. The wider, often very ragged‐looking monomineralic olivine fillings, on the other hand, may represent the iron‐enriched portion of a highly fractionated magma.
Motherhood in the shade of migration: A qualitative study of the experience of Syrian refugee mothers living in Turkey
Authors: Korukcu Oznur , Aydın Ruveyde , Conway Jane , Kukulu Kamile 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTurkey receives the largest number of Syrian refugees in the world. Some of these refugee women become mothers in Turkey. This paper reports on a qualitative, descriptive study that investigated the experience of seven Syrian women migrants who gave birth in Turkey, and explores their experiences of transition to motherhood in a foreign country. The research identified that aspects of transition can be clustered under five main themes: difficulties during the pregnancy period, giving birth in a foreign country, problems of refugee mothers, milestones in life of refugee mothers, and influence of cultural beliefs of refugee mothers on baby care. Key findings revealed that the women in the study had negative experiences related to being pregnant and having a baby in a foreign country. In addition to identifying challenges associated with migration, such as language barriers, racism, discrimination, poverty, and separation from their culture and family, the study highlighted the fears and difficulties experienced by refugee mothers, the cultural beliefs of refugee women about caring for their babies, and turning points in the life of refugee mothers.
Plant water use responses along secondary forest succession during the 2015–2016 El Niño drought in Panama
Authors: Bretfeld Mario , Ewers Brent E. , Hall Jefferson S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTropical forests are increasingly being subjected to hotter, drier conditions as a result of global climate change. The effects of drought on forests along successional gradients remain poorly understood.We took advantage of the 2015–2016 El Niño event to test for differences in drought response along a successional gradient by measuring the sap flow in 76 trees, representing 42 different species, in 8‐, 25‐ and 80‐yr‐old secondary forests in the 15‐km2‘Agua Salud Project’ study area, located in central Panama.Average sap velocities and sapwood‐specific hydraulic conductivities were highest in the youngest forest. During the dry season drought, sap velocities increased significantly in the 80‐yr‐old forest as a result of higher evaporative demand, but not in younger forests. The main drivers of transpiration shifted from radiation to vapor pressure deficit with progressing forest succession. Soil volumetric water content was a limiting factor only in the youngest forest during the dry season, probably as a result of less root exploration in the soil.Trees in early‐successional forests displayed stronger signs of regulatory responses to the 2015–2016 El Niño drought, and the limiting physiological processes for transpiration shifted from operating at the plant–soil interface to the plant–atmosphere interface with progressing forest succession.
Prolonged Reduction in Shoulder Strength after Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Treatment of Exercise‐Induced Acute Muscle Pain
Authors: Butera Katie A. , George Steven Z. , Borsa Paul A. , Dover Geoffrey C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is commonly used for reducing musculoskeletal pain to improve function. However, peripheral nerve stimulation using TENS can alter muscle motor output. Few studies examine motor outcomes following TENS in a human pain model. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of TENS sensory stimulation primarily on motor output (strength) and secondarily on pain and disability following exercise‐induced delayed‐onset muscle soreness (DOMS).MethodsThirty‐six participants were randomized to a TENS treatment, TENS placebo, or control group after completing a standardized DOMS protocol. Measures included shoulder strength, pain, mechanical pain sensitivity, and disability. TENS treatment and TENS placebo groups received 90 minutes of active or sham treatment 24, 48, and 72 hours post‐DOMS. All participants were assessed daily.ResultsA repeated measures analysis of variance and post‐hoc analysis indicated that, compared to the control group, strength remained reduced in the TENS treatment group (48 hours post‐DOMS, P < 0.05) and TENS placebo group (48 hours post‐DOMS, P < 0.05; 72 hours post‐DOMS, P < 0.05). A mixed‐linear modeling analysis was conducted to examine the strength (motor) change. Randomization group explained 5.6% of between‐subject strength variance (P < 0.05). Independent of randomization group, pain explained 8.9% of within‐subject strength variance and disability explained 3.3% of between‐subject strength variance (both P < 0.05).DiscussionWhile active and placebo TENS resulted in prolonged strength inhibition, the results were nonsignificant for pain. Results indicated that higher pain and higher disability were independently related to decreased strength. Regardless of the impact on pain, TENS, or even the perception of TENS, may act as a nocebo for motor output.
Fibrinolytic abnormality associated with progression of pediatric solid tumor
Authors: Ishihara Takashi , Nogami Keiji , Takeshita Yasufumi , Ochi Satoshi , Shima Midori 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThrombosis and hemorrhage are serious complications of pediatric solid tumor, and enhanced fibrinolysis associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is often observed. Fibrinolytic enzymes also play an important role in metastasis. Limited information is available, however, on the assessment of overall hemostatic function in children with malignant solid tumor.MethodsWe have investigated the comprehensive hemostatic potential in these circumstances using simultaneous thrombin/plasmin generation assay (T/P‐GA). Endogenous thrombin potential (T‐EP) and plasmin peak height (P‐Peak) were measured using T/P‐GA in six children newly diagnosed with solid tumor at regular intervals during chemotherapy at the present hospital from 2013 to 2016. Four patients with metastasis were defined as the advanced group, and the other patients were defined as the non‐advanced group.ResultsIn the advanced group, the ratio of P‐Peak to normal was higher than the slightly increased ratio of T‐EP to normal (range, 1.2–2.1 vs 1.1–1.5, respectively). In the non‐advanced group, however, the P‐Peak ratio was relatively lower than the slightly increased T‐EP ratio (range, 1.0–1.5 vs 1.1–1.5, respectively). Fibrin–fibrinogen degradation product was elevated in all patients except in one non‐advanced brain tumor patient during this induction therapy (maximum, 11.6–161 μg/mL).ConclusionsUncontrolled fibrinolysis together with an imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolytic potential might lead to DIC. Further research is warranted to clarify comprehensive hemostatic function in pediatric patients with solid tumors to establish optimal supportive therapy, and possibly limit tumor progression in these critical disorders.
Evidence for selection pressure from resistant potato genotypes but not from fungicide application within a clonal Phytophthora infestans population
Authors: Stellingwerf J. S. , Phelan S. , Doohan F. M. , Ortiz V. , Griffin D. , Bourke A. , Hutten R. C. B. , Cooke D. E. L. , Kildea S. , Mullins E. 
Published: March 2018

Insight into pathogen population dynamics provides a key input for effective disease management of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Phytophthora infestans populations vary from genetically complex to more simple with a few clonal lineages. The presence or absence of certain strains of P. infestans may impact the efficacy of fungicides or host resistance. Current evidence indicates that genetically, the Irish populations of P. infestans are relatively simple with a few clonal lineages. In this study, P. infestans populations were genetically characterized based on samples collected at the national centre for potato breeding during the period 2012–16. The dominance of clonal lineages within this P. infestans population was confirmed and the potential selection pressure of fungicide treatment (2013–15) and host resistance (2016) on this clonal P. infestans population was then investigated. It was found that fungicide products did not notably affect the genetic structure of sampled populations relative to samples from untreated control plants. In contrast, samples taken from several resistant potato genotypes were found to be more often of the EU_13_A2 lineage than those taken from control King Edward plants or potato genotypes with low resistance ratings. Resistant potato varieties Sarpo Mira and Bionica, containing characterized R genes, were found to strongly select for EU_13_A2 strains.
Decision making in root‐coverage procedures for the esthetic outcome
Authors: Stefanini Martina , Marzadori Matteo , Aroca Sofia , Felice Pietro , Sangiorgi Matteo , Zucchelli Giovanni 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe primary indication for treatment of gingival recessions is esthetics. In the last decades, patients have become increasingly more demanding in the esthetic outcome expected. In order to obtain a successful final result, periodontal plastic surgery should provide not only complete root coverage but also perfect blending in terms of color and texture. In the literature, many techniques have been demonstrated to be effective in obtaining complete root coverage, and the selection of one surgical technique over another depends on several factors related to the anatomic characteristics of the defect. The purpose of this paper was to suggest a decision‐making process which starts from the clinical observation of the defects and is structured in progressive nodes that will guide the clinician through the most suitable surgical technique to achieve the ideal esthetic outcome.
Advances in the use of alternative protein sources for tilapia feeding
Authors: Montoya‐Camacho Nathaly , Marquez‐Ríos Enrique , Castillo‐Yáñez Francisco Javier , Cárdenas López José Luis , López‐Elías José Antonio , Ruíz‐Cruz Saúl , Jiménez‐Ruíz Edgar Iván , Rivas‐Vega Martha Elisa , Ocaño‐Higuera Víctor Manuel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe raising demand of fish for human consumption has caused a rise in fish cultivation to become a more intense activity and has increased the need for fish feed formulas for aquaculture. Tilapia are aquatic organisms with moderate protein requirements. One of the traditional ingredients used to develop protein diets is fish meal. Despite its high cost, this supply is of high demand for both aquaculture and terrestrial animals. Efforts to seek for alternative sources of conventional and unconventional proteins are ongoing. The purpose of this study is to review alternative sources of proteins with potential to partially or fully substitute fish meal in tilapia feed. Also, it addresses the challenges that aquaculture feeding is facing regarding the substitution of fish meal with proteins from plant sources.
Self‐Criticism as a Transdiagnostic Process in Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury and Disordered Eating: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zelkowitz Rachel L. , Cole David A. 
Published: March 2018

Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and disordered eating (DE) are highly comorbid and may be regarded as belonging to a spectrum of self‐harm behaviors. We investigated self‐criticism as a transdiagnostic correlate of these behaviors, in keeping with etiological theories of both NSSI and DE. We reviewed the literature and meta‐analyzed the relation of self‐criticism to both NSSI (15 studies; 17 effect sizes) and DE (24 studies; 29 effect sizes). Results showed equivalent, moderate‐to‐large effects for the relation of self‐criticism to NSSI (r = .38; CI: .29–.46) and DE (r = .40; CI: .34–.45). The relation of NSSI to self‐criticism generalized across multiple potential moderators. DE behavior type moderated the relation of self‐criticism to DE, with a stronger relation emerging for purging than restriction. Findings support self‐criticism as a possible candidate for transdiagnostic pathways to self‐harm.
Maybe it Is More Than a Joke: Satire, Mobilization, and Political Participation*
Authors: Baumgartner Jody C , Lockerbie Brad 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the relationship between viewing late night political humor and political participation.MethodsWe used various measures of viewership of late night talk shows and political participation in the 2012 American National Election Studies (ANES) data set.ResultsWe show that viewership of “Late Night with David Letterman,” a simple form of political comedy, seems to be unrelated to political participation. However, viewership of Comedy Central's “The Daily Show with Jon Stewart” and “The Colbert Report,” considered by most to be genuine political satire, is associated with higher levels of political participation.ConclusionThe results suggest that advocates of political satire may be correct when they suggest that satire mobilizes viewers to political action.
Enoxaparin does not affect network formation of adipose tissue–derived microvascular fragments
Authors: Später Thomas , Frueh Florian S. , Karschnia Philipp , Menger Michael D. , Laschke Matthias W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDermal substitutes are frequently used for the initial coverage of extensive skin defects. The seeding of these implants with adipose tissue–derived microvascular fragments (ad‐MVF) has recently been shown to accelerate their vascularization and incorporation. In the present study we analyzed whether these processes are affected by a thromboprophylactic therapy with the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin (enox). Green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ ad‐MVF were isolated from enox‐ (8 mg/kg s.c.) and vehicle‐treated (0.9% NaCl s.c.) (C57BL/6‐Tg(CAG‐EGFP)1Osb/J mice and seeded onto Integra matrices. Subsequently, these were implanted into full‐thickness skin defects within dorsal skinfold chambers of enox‐ and vehicle‐treated C57BL/6 wild‐type mice. Repetitive stereomicroscopy and intravital fluorescence microscopy over 2 weeks as well as histological and immunohistochemical analyses on day 14 revealed that enox does not inhibit the reassembly of ad‐MVF into new microvascular networks. In addition, treatment with the anticoagulative compound did not promote implant‐induced hemorrhage formation. Accordingly, Integra matrices in enox‐ and vehicle‐treated animals exhibited a comparable final microvessel density, fraction of GFP+ blood vessels originating from seeded ad‐MVF, collagen fiber content, and epithelialization. These novel findings demonstrate that the seeding of dermal substitutes with ad‐MVF may be applied also during thromboprophylactic therapy without affecting implant vascularization and bleeding risk.
Complementary Mechanisms for Degradation of Inulin-Type Fructans and Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharides among Bifidobacterial Strains Suggest Bacterial Cooperation
Authors: Rivière Audrey , Selak Marija , Geirnaert Annelies , Van den Abbeele Pieter , De Vuyst Luc 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Inulin-type fructans (ITF) and arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) are broken down to different extents by various bifidobacterial strains present in the human colon. To date, phenotypic heterogeneity in the consumption of these complex oligosaccharides at the strain level remains poorly studied. To examine mechanistic variations in ITF and AXOS constituent preferences present in one individual, ITF and AXOS consumption by bifidobacterial strains isolated from the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME) after inoculation with feces from one healthy individual was investigated. Among the 18 strains identified, four species-independent clusters displaying different ITF and AXOS degradation mechanisms and preferences were found.
Bifidobacterium bifidum
B46 showed limited growth on all substrates, whereas
B. longum
B24 and
B. longum
B18 could grow better on short-chain-length fractions of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) than on fructose.
B. longum
B24 could cleave arabinose substituents of AXOS extracellularly, without using the AXOS-derived xylose backbones, whereas
B. longum
B18 was able to consume oligosaccharides (up to xylotetraose) preferentially and consumed AXOS to a limited extent.
B. adolescentis
B72 degraded all fractions of FOS simultaneously, partially degraded inulin, and could use xylose backbones longer than xylotetraose extracellularly. The strain-specific degradation mechanisms were suggested to be complementary and indicated resource partitioning. Specialization in the degradation of complex carbohydrates by bifidobacteria present on the individual level could have
in vivo
implications for the successful implementation of ITF and AXOS, aiming at bifidogenic and/or butyrogenic effects. Finally, this work shows the importance of taking microbial strain-level differences into account in gut microbiota research.

IMPORTANCE
It is well known that bifidobacteria degrade undigestible complex polysaccharides, such as ITF and AXOS, in the human colon. However, this process has never been studied for strains coexisting in the same individual. To examine strain-dependent mechanistic variations in ITF and AXOS constituent preferences present in one individual, ITF and AXOS consumption by bifidobacterial strains isolated from the SHIME after inoculation with feces from one healthy individual was investigated. Among the 18 bifidobacterial strains identified, four species-independent clusters displaying different ITF and AXOS degradation mechanisms and preferences were found, indicating that such strains can coexist in the human colon. Such specialization in the degradation of complex carbohydrates by bifidobacteria present on the individual level could have
in vivo
implications for the successful implementation of ITF and AXOS, aiming at bifidogenic and/or butyrogenic effects.
Novel (p)ppGpp Binding and Metabolizing Proteins of
Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zborníková Eva , Rejman Dominik , Gerdes Kenn 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

The alarmone (p)ppGpp plays pivotal roles in basic bacterial stress responses by increasing tolerance of various nutritional limitations and chemical insults, including antibiotics. Despite intensive studies since (p)ppGpp was discovered over 4 decades ago, (p)ppGpp binding proteins have not been systematically identified in
Escherichia coli
. We applied DRaCALA (
d
ifferential
ra
dial
c
apillary
a
ction of
l
igand
a
ssay) to identify (p)ppGpp-protein interactions. We discovered 12 new (p)ppGpp targets in
E. coli
that, based on their physiological functions, could be classified into four major groups, involved in (i) purine nucleotide homeostasis (YgdH), (ii) ribosome biogenesis and translation (RsgA, Era, HflX, and LepA), (iii) maturation of dehydrogenases (HypB), and (iv) metabolism of (p)ppGpp (MutT, NudG, TrmE, NadR, PhoA, and UshA). We present a comprehensive and comparative biochemical and physiological characterization of these novel (p)ppGpp targets together with a comparative analysis of relevant, known (p)ppGpp binding proteins. Via this, primary targets of (p)ppGpp in
E. coli
are identified. The GTP salvage biosynthesis pathway and ribosome biogenesis and translation are confirmed as targets of (p)ppGpp that are highly conserved between
E. coli
and
Firmicutes
. In addition, an alternative (p)ppGpp degradative pathway, involving NudG and MutT, was uncovered. This report thus significantly expands the known cohort of (p)ppGpp targets in
E. coli
.

IMPORTANCE
Antibiotic resistance and tolerance exhibited by pathogenic bacteria have resulted in a global public health crisis. Remarkably, almost all bacterial pathogens require the alarmone (p)ppGpp to be virulent. Thus, (p)ppGpp not only induces tolerance of nutritional limitations and chemical insults, including antibiotics, but is also often required for induction of virulence genes. However, understanding of the molecular targets of (p)ppGpp and the mechanisms by which (p)ppGpp influences bacterial physiology is incomplete. In this study, a systematic approach was used to uncover novel targets of (p)ppGpp in
E. coli
, the best-studied model bacterium. Comprehensive comparative studies of the targets revealed conserved target pathways of (p)ppGpp in both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and novel targets of (p)ppGpp, including an alternative degradative pathway of (p)ppGpp. Thus, our discoveries may help in understanding of how (p)ppGpp increases the stress resilience and multidrug tolerance not only of the model organism
E. coli
but also of the pathogenic organisms in which these targets are conserved.