bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kleptocracy and foreign corruption manifesting in illicit financial flows
Authors: Moorman Ted C. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the place of kleptocracy and foreign corruption within the broader framework of financial crime. This facilitates understanding the importance of kleptocracy and foreign corruption as social problems. Two other aims are to better understand the most problematic components of a kleptocratic network and the most effective combatants of that network. A subsequent goal is to offer solutions from a broad range of interventions, including policy, technology, education, research and collaborative efforts.

Design/methodology/approach
Theoretical economic concepts are used to analyze the importance of kleptocracy and foreign corruption. A small in-depth survey of 15 experts is conducted to identify the most problematic components of kleptocratic networks and the most effective combatants of those networks. The proposed solutions are based on a combination of argumentation, econometric developments, application of trends in related fields and material from in-depth surveys.

Findings
This paper identifies kleptocracy and foreign corruption as one of the most, if not the most, devastating financial crime according to its impact on the total marginal utility of wealth. Experts identify foreign kleptocrats or corrupt foreign government officials as the most problematic entities in kleptocratic networks and the most effective combatant is identified as the US Department of Justice. By adding up fines and asset forfeiture related to corruption, penalties are found to be a small fraction of the problem in terms of monetary magnitude.

Research limitations/implications
The paper does not attempt to make causal claims because of the nature of the paper’s purpose and methodology.

Practical implications
The paper offers suggestions and methods for academic researchers who may wish to pursue a research agenda that is empirical and forensic with the aim of combatting kleptocracy and foreign corruption. The paper describes how information on kleptocracy and foreign corruption can be implemented into business and economics curriculum.

Social implications
Kleptocracy and foreign corruption are important problems, and creative solutions are desperately needed.

Originality/value
The paper shows how understanding and combatting kleptocracy and foreign corruption can be considered an interdisciplinary activity, touching on fields including technology, economics, business, ethics, education, law, policy, statistics and research methods.
Does fear of victimization deter online shopping?
Authors: Yu Szde 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to address the relationship between fear of identity theft/fraud and online shopping, while identifying the most important factors affecting online shopping.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a mixed method approach in which the quantitative analysis identifies patterns in the data, whereas the qualitative analysis offers in-depth interpretation.

Findings
More fear actually predicts more online shopping but shoppers’ trust in the website’s willingness to redress financial harm and risk-benefit analysis are the real factors in online shopping.

Research limitations/implications
The sample consists of Amazon users mostly so the findings may not apply to those who never shop on Amazon or never shop online at all.

Practical implications
To encourage online shopping, online shopping websites should focus on maximizing the benefit and minimizing the risk, but without addressing the risk by reassuring shoppers of their financial security, emphasizing the benefit alone is ineffective.

Originality/value
This is the first study addressing online shopping in terms of fear of victimization. It is also the first study that addresses risk and benefit in relative terms as in risk-benefit analysis measured by both quantitative and qualitative methods.
Preserving the distinctiveness of corporate marks
Authors: Begum Afroza 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the Indian legal and judicial approaches to well-known trademark (WT) by placing special focus on the way the judiciary has striven to foster the regulatory goal of defending the distinctiveness of WT.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is based on primary and secondary resources; especially, the paper critically examines the central piece of legislation relevant to WT and analyses and compares a number of important judicial decisions of India.

Findings
Despite some limitations, the judicial initiatives reflect an impressive progression towards WT, and given the contemporary commercial imperatives backed up by technological advances, the interconnectedness of economies and global corporisation, such a progression is indispensable.

Research limitations/implications
The research involves only the legal aspects of WT; therefore, the social and economic implication is beyond the scope of it.

Practical implications
Even though the legal and judicial attempts in India have raised an inevitable tension between different competing claims and are in some instances intensely debated, a review of existing resources evidences a series of effective methods and practices where a balance can sensibly be drawn between those claims.
Crime prevention in terms of criminal intent criteria in white-collar crime
Authors: Alalehto Tage 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
In the field of crime prevention there are several theoretical approaches explaining why crime occurs and how to prevent it. Three of them – routine activity theory, crime pattern theory and the theory of crime-as-choice – are logically tested in this work. The point of departure is to test if the theories are logical consistent and logical valid, irrespective of whether the criterion for criminal intent is changed from direct intention to negligence.

Design/methodology/approach
The issues will be explored in a logical structure by a first-order logic propositional analysis.

Findings
The analysis shows that all three theories are logical consistent, but only routine activity theory is logical valid. The conclusion is that crime prevention should in general assume that routine activity theory is the legitimate theory and that social prevention as a prevention strategy is logically unnecessary to adopt because it does not matter whether the offender is motivated (direct intention) or not (negligence).

Practical implications
It does not really matter if the authors theoretically treat white-collar offenders as motivated, because if they have committed an actus reus, they are an offender according to the objective requisites. This means that the best strategies to prevent a potential white-collar criminal are situational prevention, i.e. complicate their access to money, where it becomes irrelevant if the potential offender has a mens rea or not. What counts is the prevention of actus reus by a potential offender.

Originality/value
As far as I know, no one has previously investigated the logical consistency and/or logical validity of routine activity theory, crime pattern theory and the theory of crime-as-choice as theories of crime prevention.
The application of cognitive interviews to financial crimes
Authors: Lokanan Mark Eshwar 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an argument for the use of cognitive interviews to be use in financial crime investigations. In particular, the paper argues that the components of cognitive interview make it useful for financial crime investigators to gather and collate information on financial criminality.Design/methodology/approachThe paper chronicles the literature on cognitive interviews to critically evaluate its usefulness in previous studies.FindingsA critical examination of the literature shows that cognitive interviews were successfully used in a variety of circumstances. Despite its difficulties, the empirical evidence reveals that cognitive interview fared well in laboratory studies across different (and vulnerable) population groups.Practical implicationsThere is evidence to suggest that cognitive interviews can be an effective technique to interview witnesses of financial crimes. The fact that white-collar criminals, more often than not, comes from a “gentleman background” and are not accustomed to the role of “criminal suspect,” makes cognitive interview techniques a useful tool for fraud investigators.Originality/valueTo the author’s knowledge, this is the first paper of its kind to conduct a thorough literature review and apply cognitive interview techniques to financial crime investigation.
An allegorical exploration of institutional complexity using Frank Baum’sThe Wizard of Oz
Authors: Jerome Robert , Cavazos David , Horn Robert 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply Frank Baum’sThe Wizard of Ozto illustrate the individual identity issues that can arise as a result of institutional complexity in organizations. Using Baum’s text to tell the story of four faculty members seeking the city of Oz, which in our story is a university athletic department, reveals how individuals and organizational units deal with the tensions brought about by institutional complexity. In addition to providing an entertaining, perhaps infuriating account of the typical public university, this essay reveals the importance of understanding individual struggles to deal with organizational pluralism.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the well-established example of the university using Frank Baum’sThe Wizard of Ozin allegorical form to illustrate the tensions that emerge from organizational units that deal with contradicting external environments as well as the sensemaking and search processes that can emerge for individuals dealing with the identity issues that can result from such tensions.FindingsInternal tensions can emerge within organizations when there are contradictions among the various pressures such organizations generate. These tensions have implications on individual identity.Originality/valueIndividuals (in this case individuals from academic units) risk having their occupational identities compromised by divergent organizational units as these units attempt to legitimate their existence within the organization. The authors illustrate how individuals deal with such risks by engaging in search processes that seek to construct their identities and develop meaning for their actions.
Cutis laxa for diagnosis of γ1‐heavy‐chain deposition disease: Report of four cases
Authors: Chavarot Nathalie , Battistella Maxime , Vignon Marguerite , Baron Marine , Girerd Sophie , Jachiet Marie , Asli Bouchra , Galicier Lionel , Malphettes Marion 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHeavy‐chain deposition disease (HCDD) is characterized by tissue deposits of a truncated monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy‐chain (HC) on basement membranes. Diagnosis is usually made on kidney biopsy, showing nodular glomerulosclerosis with HC deposits which can be missed, resulting in delay in diagnosis. We report four γ1‐HCDD patients presenting with cutis laxa, hypocomplementemia and hypoalbuminemia. In two patients, unsuspected HCDD was revealed by cutis laxa and diagnosis was made on skin biopsy. In all patients, serum albumin and complement represented surrogate markers for disease monitoring. In γ‐HCDD, extrarenal manifestations such as cutis laxa may precede renal injury and are precious tools for an early diagnosis, which is crucial to avoid progression of irreversible renal and elastic tissue damage.
Identification of a human papillomavirus type 58 lineage in multiple Bowen's disease on the fingers: Case report and published work review
Authors: Kobayashi Kenta , Tanese Keiji , Kubo Akiharu , Matsumoto‐Mochimaru Naoko , Sasaki Aya , Kameyama Kaori , Amagai Masayuki , Umegaki‐Arao Noriko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected in some cases of Bowen's disease, particularly on the fingers and genitalia. HPV‐58 is classified as a high‐risk mucosal type and accounts for a high percentage of cervical cancer in Asia. Moreover, several HPV‐58 lineages, including sublineage A1, have a high prevalence in Asia. However, the nature of HPV‐58‐associated skin cancer is still unknown. Here, we report a case of a Japanese patient with multiple Bowen's disease on the fingers. A 33‐year‐old man presented with multiple reddish‐brown scaly plaques on his left middle finger and right ring finger. All lesions were surgically excised, and the diagnosis of Bowen's disease was made. We performed Sanger sequencing using DNA extracted from paraffin‐embedded samples and identified HPV‐58 sublineage A1. Additionally, we review previous reports on HPV‐58‐associated skin cancers, including our case, showing a high regional prevalence in Asia. Further studies would be needed to reveal the relationship between HPV‐58 lineages and carcinogenesis in the skin.
Self‐harm Risk Among Adolescents and the Phenomenon of the “Blue Whale Challenge”: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lupariello Francesco , Curti Serena Maria , Coppo Elena , Racalbuto Sara Simona , Di Vella Giancarlo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe “Blue Whale Challenge” is a dangerous Internet phenomenon. As per media reports, it involves a series of life‐threatening tasks imposed by a “curator” to “players,” who must fulfill the whole list, and it ends with the suicide of the player. The authors report the data of five suspected cases of “Blue Whales” managed from January 2016 to December 2017 by the staff of a unit (the “Bambi Unit” of the Pediatric Hospital “Regina Margherita” of Turin, Italy) that is dedicated to the evaluation of suspected abused children. Then, they analyzed this data in the light of the literature regarding self‐harm. This comparison highlights the role of the Internet in the spreading of self‐harm behavior among vulnerable adolescents who are characterized by epidemiological, psychological, psychiatric, social, and cultural risk factors. In conclusion, the authors suggest a multidisciplinary and specialized approach in the evaluation of adolescents who committed self‐harm activities.
Purification and Characterization of a Salt‐Dependent Pectin Methylesterase from Carica papaya Fruit Mesocarp‐Exocarp Tissue
Authors: Kotnala Bhavya , N Shashirekha M. , Vasu Prasanna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPectin methylesterase (PME) is a ubiquitous cell wall enzyme, which de‐esterifies and modifies pectins for food applications. Functional properties of pectin rely on molecular weight and degree of esterification, and thus de‐esterification by PME influences the pectin functionality. The main aim of the study is to purify and biochemically characterize PME from the outer mesocarp‐exocarp tissue of unripe Carica papaya L. fruit. The ion‐exchange and gel‐permeation chromatography purified enzyme exhibited a specific activity of 2363.1 ± 92.8 units/mg protein, with a fold purification of 10.6, and final recovery of 9.0%. The PME showed a low apparent mass of 27 kDa by SDS‐PAGE. The optimal activity of purified PME was found at pH 7.0, and at 60 °C. The enzyme is fairly stable at 60 °C for 10 min, retaining 60% activity. The optimum activity was found with 0.25 mol/L monovalent salts indicating that this PME is salt‐dependent. The Km of PME was 0.22 mg/mL, and the Vmax value was 1289.15 ± 15.9 units/mg. The increase in the calcium sensitivity of the PME‐treated pectin indicated a blockwise mode of action. The PME significantly differs from other known plant PMEs in their biochemical properties. Manual inspection and MASCOT searching of generated tryptic peptides confirmed no homology to known papaya PME sequences. The preliminary results indicate that the papaya PME can be potentially utilized to modify pectin functionality at elevated temperature. However, further investigation is required to understand the usefulness of this enzyme for the modification of pectins for various food applications.Practical ApplicationIn this work, a small, 27 kDa papaya PME was purified by ion‐exchange and gel‐permeation chromatography and biochemically characterized. The papaya PME significantly differs from other known plant PMEs in their biochemical properties. The preliminary results like fair thermostability coupled with high temperature optimum indicate that the papaya PME can be potentially utilized to modify pectin functionality at high temperature. Modification of pectin functionality at elevated temperatures is advantageous since it evades the detrimental action of other pectinolytic enzymes.
Effect of Pulsed Electric Field Pretreatment on Drying Kinetics, Color, and Texture of Parsnip and Carrot
Authors: Alam MD Rizvi , Lyng James G. , Frontuto Daniele , Marra Francesco , Cinquanta Luciano 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment on drying kinetics and on color and textural changes in sliced parsnip and carrot. Cell disintegration index measured in parsnips after PEF pretreatment significantly differed from the ones measured for carrots and, consequently, the reduction of the time needed to dry both samples to a final moisture content up to 5% (wet basis). The drying time of the PEF pretreated parsnip was reduced by up to 28% at 70 °C and by up to 21% at 60 °C in carrot, in comparison to untreated samples. The PEF pretreatment influenced the effective diffusivity of water into the samples going from 50 °C to 70 °C: in carrots it ranged between 1.61 × 10−10 and 3.04 × 10−10 (m2/s), although, in parsnip, it ranged between 1.97 × 10−10 and 3.06 × 10−10 (m2/s). Also, PEF pretreatment influenced color changes: PEF pretreated dried carrots showed a significant (p < .05) reduction in lightness values (L*) compared to untreated dried ones, although PEF pretreated parsnip had a significant (p < .05) increase in redness values (a*). The PEF treatment did not affect the mechanical properties (p > .05) of carrot and parsnip dried at 50 and 60 °C, whereas at 70 °C a significant increase (p < .05) of the force required to cut both root slices was detected. The choice of a PEF pretreatment of foods to be dried should be related to shorten the drying time and to minimize the loss in quality properties mentioned above.Practical ApplicationDry carrots and parsnip slices can be used as food ingredients for further food preparations but also as healthy snacks, thanks to their health benefits. Pulsed electric field (PEF) resulted to be an effective pretreatment for carrots and parsnips before undergoing convective drying, because it reduced the drying time (up to 28% in parsnip and 21% in carrot slices) and, particularly at mild temperatures (50 to 60 °C), it did not affect the texture properties of both carrot and parsnip. PEF pretreatment of these roots before convective heating can be surely suggested as industrial application.
High‐quality whole‐genome sequence of an abundant Holarctic odontocete, the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
Authors: Autenrieth Marijke , Hartmann Stefanie , Lah Ljerka , Roos Anna , Dennis Alice B. , Tiedemann Ralph 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is a highly mobile cetacean found across the Northern hemisphere. It occurs in coastal waters and inhabits basins that vary broadly in salinity, temperature and food availability. These diverse habitats could drive subtle differentiation among populations, but examination of this would be best conducted with a robust reference genome. Here, we report the first harbour porpoise genome, assembled de novo from an individual originating in the Kattegat Sea (Sweden). The genome is one of the most complete cetacean genomes currently available, with a total size of 2.39 Gb and 50% of the total length found in just 34 scaffolds. Using 122 of the longest scaffolds, we were able to show high levels of synteny with the genome of the domestic cattle (Bos taurus). Our draft annotation comprises 22,154 predicted genes, which we further annotated through matches to the NCBI nucleotide database, GO categorization and motif prediction. Within the predicted genes, we have confirmed the presence of >20 genes or gene families that have been associated with adaptive evolution in other cetaceans. Overall, this genome assembly and draft annotation represent a crucial addition to the genomic resources currently available for the study of porpoises and Phocoenidae evolution, phylogeny and conservation.
How complete are “complete” genome assemblies?—An avian perspective
Authors: Peona Valentina , Weissensteiner Matthias H. , Suh Alexander 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe genomics revolution has led to the sequencing of a large variety of nonmodel organisms often referred to as “whole” or “complete” genome assemblies. But how complete are these, really? Here, we use birds as an example for nonmodel vertebrates and find that, although suitable in principle for genomic studies, the current standard of short‐read assemblies misses a significant proportion of the expected genome size (7% to 42%; mean 20 ± 9%). In particular, regions with strongly deviating nucleotide composition (e.g., guanine‐cytosine‐[GC]‐rich) and regions highly enriched in repetitive DNA (e.g., transposable elements and satellite DNA) are usually underrepresented in assemblies. However, long‐read sequencing technologies successfully characterize many of these underrepresented GC‐rich or repeat‐rich regions in several bird genomes. For instance, only ~2% of the expected total base pairs are missing in the last chicken reference (galGal5). These assemblies still contain thousands of gaps (i.e., fragmented sequences) because some chromosomal structures (e.g., centromeres) likely contain arrays of repetitive DNA that are too long to bridge with currently available technologies. We discuss how to minimize the number of assembly gaps by combining the latest available technologies with complementary strengths. At last, we emphasize the importance of knowing the location, size and potential content of assembly gaps when making population genetic inferences about adjacent genomic regions.