bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C-Peptide Decline in Type 1 Diabetes Has Two Phases: An Initial Exponential Fall and a Subsequent Stable Phase
Authors: Shields Beverley M. , McDonald Timothy J. , Oram Richard , Hill Anita , Hudson Michelle , Leete Pia , Pearson Ewan R. , Richardson Sarah J. , Morgan Noel G. , Hattersley Andrew T. ,   The TIGI Consortium, Roep Bart O. , Tree Tim I. , Hammersley Suzy , Bolt Robert , Hill Anita V. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE
The decline in C-peptide in the 5 years after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes has been well studied, but little is known about the longer-term trajectory. We aimed to examine the association between log-transformed C-peptide levels and the duration of diabetes up to 40 years after diagnosis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We assessed the pattern of association between urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) and duration of diabetes in cross-sectional data from 1,549 individuals with type 1 diabetes using nonlinear regression approaches. Findings were replicated in longitudinal follow-up data for both UCPCR (n = 161 individuals, 326 observations) and plasma C-peptide (n = 93 individuals, 473 observations).

RESULTS
We identified two clear phases of C-peptide decline: an initial exponential fall over 7 years (47% decrease/year [95% CI −51, −43]) followed by a stable period thereafter (+0.07%/year [−1.3, +1.5]). The two phases had similar durations and slopes in patients above and below the median age at diagnosis (10.8 years), although levels were lower in the younger patients irrespective of duration. Patterns were consistent in both longitudinal UCPCR (n = 162; ≤7 years duration: −48%/year [−55, −38]; &gt;7 years duration −0.1% [−4.1, +3.9]) and plasma C-peptide (n = 93; &gt;7 years duration only: −2.6% [−6.7, +1.5]).

CONCLUSIONS
These data support two clear phases of C-peptide decline: an initial exponential fall over a 7-year period, followed by a prolonged stabilization where C-peptide levels no longer decline. Understanding the pathophysiological and immunological differences between these two phases will give crucial insights into understanding β-cell survival.
Beta-blocker therapy reduces mortality in patients with coronary artery disease treated with percutaneous revascularization: a meta-analysis of adjusted results
Authors: Peyracchia Mattia , Errigo Daniele , Raposeiras Rubin Sergio , Conrotto Federico , DiNicolantonio James J. , Omedè Pierluigi , Rettegno Sara , Iannaccone Mario , Moretti Claudio , D’Amico Maurizio , Gaita Fiorenzo , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio 
Published: June 2018

Aims
The long-term impact of beta blockers on prognosis in patients treated with contemporary therapies for coronary artery disease remains to be defined.

Methods and results
All observational studies evaluating the impact of beta blockers in patients treated with coronary revascularization and contemporary therapies and adjusted with multivariate analysis were included. All-cause death was the primary endpoint, while Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) (composite endpoint of all-cause death or myocardial infarction, MI) and MI were secondary endpoints. A total of 26 studies were included, with 863 335 patients. After 3 (1–4.3) years, long-term risk of all-cause death was lower in patients on beta blockers [odds ratio, OR 0.69 (0.66–0.72)], both for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) [OR 0.60 (0.56–0.65)], and stable angina patients [OR 0.84 (0.78–0.91)], independently from ejection fraction [OR 0.64 (0.42–0.98) for reduced ejection fraction and OR 0.79 (0.69–0.91) for preserved ejection fraction]. The risk of long-term MACE was lower but NS for ACS patients treated with beta blockers [OR 0.83 (0.69–1.00)], as in stable angina. Similarly, risk of MI did not differ between patients treated with beta blockers or without beta blockers [OR 0.99 (0.89–1.09), all 95% confidence intervals]. Using meta-regression analysis, the benefit of beta blockers was increased for those with longer follow-up. The number needed to treat was 52 to avoid one event of all-cause death for ACS patients and 111 for stable patients.

Conclusion
Even in percutaneous coronary intervention era, beta blockers reduce mortality in patients with coronary artery disease, confirming their protective effect, which was consistent for both ACS and stable patients indifferently of preserved or reduced ejection fraction.
Electrocardiographic changes in patients with acute myocardial infarction caused by left main trunk occlusion
Authors: D’Angelo Cinzia , Zagnoni Silvia , Gallo Pamela , Tortorici Gianfranco , Casella Gianni , Di Pasquale Giuseppe 
Published: June 2018

Background
Left main trunk (LMT) occlusion is a rare angiographic finding. The primary purpose was to investigate the ECG pattern of patients with angiographic confirmation of LMT as culprit lesion.

Methods
Forty-eight patients (32 men; mean age 73 years) with angiographic total (21 patients; 44%) or subtotal (27 patients; 56%) occlusion of the LMT were analyzed. Twenty patients (42%) were found to have concomitant coronary lesions. Eighteen patients (38%) required intra-aortic balloon pump support.

Results
A significant left axis deviation was observed in 26 cases (54%) and an intraventricular conduction delay in 32 patients (67%). The average QRS width and QTc interval were 122 and 433 ms, respectively. ST-segment elevation in lead aVR occurred in 32 patients (67%). ST-segment elevation in leads V2–5 and in leads I and aVL [classic left anterior descending (LAD) type] was frequently observed (18 cases; 35%). In six patients (13%), a partial LAD type was observed with ST-segment elevation in leads I and aVL, but not in peripheral leads. The remaining patients showed ST-segment elevation only in peripheral leads (12 cases), in inferior leads III + aVF (six cases), whereas six patients had no ST-segment elevation. Diffuse ST-segment depression only (>6 leads) was observed in 15 cases (31%). Eighteen patients (38%) died during hospitalization.

Conclusion
ST-segment elevation in lead aVR or a LAD-type pattern can be associated with LMT disease. Other relevant aspects are the presence of cardiogenic shock at admission, the left axis deviation and marked prolongation of QTc interval and QRS width.
Caracterización fisicoquímica del Golfo de Morrosquillo y tanques de lastre de buques de tráfico internacional
Authors: Cañón Páez Mary Luz , Quintana S. Diana M. , López O. Rossana M. , Tous H. Gustavo , Llamas C. Hugo 
Published: June 2018

Con el objetivo de establecer la variabilidad estacional de los parámetros fisicoquímicos en el Golfo de Morrosquillo, el cual es considerado como un puerto importador de agua de lastre, e identificar la influencia del agua de lastre, la Dirección General Marítima a través del Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Caribe (CIOH) centró su atención en obtener información fisicoquímica, biológica y microbiológica durante un periodo estacional completo (marzo a noviembre). Por lo anterior, fue necesario establecer una red de estaciones de muestreo distribuidas a lo largo de todo el Golfo, para caracterizar en las capas superficial, media y de fondo, los parámetros ambientales y con base en estos establecer si las descargas de agua de lastre y su contenido se constituyen en fuentes adicionales de contaminación y de introducción de especies.
Las metodologías implementadas, correspondieron a las establecidas dentro del sistema de gestión de calidad de los laboratorios del CIOH, tanto para el área evaluada como para los tanques de lastre.
Después de tomadas, procesadas y analizadas las muestras fue posible establecer que el área responde a la estacionalidad descrita para el Mar Caribe, observándose asociaciones fisicoquímicas, de acuerdo con el periodo climático evaluado. En cuanto a los criterios de calidad y las normas ambientales, el oxígeno, pH, temperatura y salinidad registraron concentraciones y valores dentro de las normas establecidas para la preservación de flora y fauna. Por el contrario, los nutrientes en la época de lluvias principalmente, superaron los límites establecidos por referentes internacionales (norma para aguas de uso pesquero, preservación de flora y fauna asiática) e incluso el promedio de la RedCAM para el departamento de Sucre. Se evidenció que el agua de lastre de algunos buques, se constituye en fuente adicional de contaminación al Golfo, debido a que sobrepasan los límites de nutrientes específicamente nitratos y ortofosfatos, para la preservación de la flora y la fauna.
Aislamiento de microorganismos oligotróficos degradadores de hidrocarburos en la Bahía de Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Quintana Saavedra Diana María , Cabrera Melody , Tous Herazo Gustavo , Echeverry Gustavo 
Published: June 2018

La Bahía de Cartagena, uno de los principales puertos en el Caribe colombiano, se caracteriza por tener un elevado tránsito marítimo, el cual representa un alto grado de exposición a contaminación por agua con mezcla de hidrocarburos procedentes de las embarcaciones que transitan en este puerto o a través de derrames ocasionales de embarcaciones menores que afectan el ecosistema estuarino. En este estudio, realizado en marzo de 2010, se recolectaron muestras de agua de mar, en nueve estaciones a tres profundidades en la columna de agua (superficie, medio y fondo). Los resultados obtenidos registraron que las estaciones donde se encontró mayor biodegradación con mayor crecimiento, emulsificación y turbidez, se encuentran cercanas a zonas vulnerables de contaminación por hidrocarburos, como: Ecopetrol-S, Ecopetrol-Fondo, Boya 19-S, B27-S, B27-M, B30-S, B30-M y Sociedad Portuaria.
Los microorganismos identificados fueron clasificados a través de la composición de su pared celular mediante tinción de Gram, en la cual se estableció que la microbiota dominante en las muestras aisladas eran Gram negativos, con forma bacteriana bacilar, coco bacilar y cocoides compatibles con los géneros Pseudomonas sp. y Bacillus subtilis. No obstante, se observaron bacilos y cocos Gram positivos compatibles con el género Staphylococcus sp. en menor proporción, provenientes generalmente de las partes más profundas de la columna de agua.
Mediante este estudio se logró el aislamiento de microorganismos nativos de la bahía, con capacidad de degradar petróleo crudo como fuente de energía, en aras de conformar un cepario de microorganismos biodegradadores que puedan ser empleados por la Autoridad Marítima Nacional, como alternativa biotecnológica que permita la aspersión de microorganismos sobre manchas de hidrocarburos, lo cual requerirá a futuro de ensayos controlados a escala de laboratorio, para su posterior escalamiento a campo como potencial respuesta de contingencia frente a derrames de crudo en la Bahía de Cartagena.
Konservasi In Vitro Pisang Kepok Unti Sayang (Musa balbisiana) Melalui Pertumbuhan Minimal pada Berbagai Media
Authors: Satriadi Ogie , Efendi Darda , Sulassih . 
Published: June 2018

<em>Pisang kepok Unti Sayang memiliki kandungan karbohidrat 30% sehingga berpotensi sebagai bahan pangan alternatif. Pisang kepok Unti Sayang juga merupakan tanaman yang lebih tahan terhadap serangan penyakit layu darah. Ketersediaan bibit dari anakan pisang di lapang yang terbatas jumlahnya berpotensi menyebabkan punahnya pisang jenis ini. Konservasi secara in vitro merupakan solusi dalam memelihara ketersediaan bibit yang lebih aman, lebih efektif dan efesien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi media yang optimal dalam upaya penyimpanan eksplan pisang kepok Unti Sayang dengan cara meminimumkan pertumbuhan menggunakan retardan paclobutrazol dan osmoregulator manitol serta mengevaluasi daya regenerasi pasca penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak satu faktor berupa komposisi media yang terdiri dari dua macam media, yang pertama adalah MS+ PVP (Polivinylpyrrolidone ) + paclobutrazol ( 0, 2, 4 dan 6 ppm), serta MS+ PVP + manitol (0, 20 dan 40 ppm). Eksplan disimpan selama 18 minggu pengamatan pada media pertumbuhan minimal, selanjutnya eksplan disubkultur dalam media regenerasi MS + 2 ppmBA dan diamati selama 4 minggu. Konsentrasi media terbaik untuk meminumkan pertumbuhan eksplan adalah MS+ PVP ditambah paclobutrazol 6 ppm memberikan nilai rata-rata pertumbuhan yang paling rendah dengan jumlah tunas sebanyak 0.33, tinggi eksplan 0.39 cm, jumlah akar 0.22 dan jumlah daun 0.00. Jika dibandingkan dengan pertumbuhan tertinggi yang terdapat pada tunas 1.11 (kontrol), tinggi 1.73 cm (kontrol), jumlah akar 1.11 (paclobutrazol 2 ppm) dan jumlah daun 0.44 (kontrol). Jadi konservasi in vitro pada perlakuan 6 ppm adalah perlakuan yang paling optimal dalam meminimumkan pertumbuhan eksplan hingga 18 minggu.</em>
Aplikasi Bakteri dalam Perlakuan Seed Coating untuk Mempertahankan Viabilitas dari Benih Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) yang Sehat
Authors: Indahwardani Herliyana , Widajati Eny , Giyanto . 
Published: June 2018

<em>Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan pelapisan benih menggunakan bakteri Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas keompok. fluorescens dan Serratia marcescens terhadap viabilitas benih cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) selama di penyimpanan. Penelitian ini mengunakan rancangan petak tersarang dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah periode simpan (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 dan 24 minggu) dan anak petak adalah perlakuan coating dengan bakteri tertentu (Bacillus subtilis, Pseduomonas kelompok fluorescens, Serratia marcescen dan kontrol). Benih cabai IPB C5 masih memiliki viabilitas yang cukup baik hingga akhir penyimpanan, ditunjukkan dengan nilai daya berkecambah sebesar 77.33%. Perlakuan kontrol dan coating menggunakan bakteri menunjukkan nilai daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh dan bobot kering kecambah normal yang tidak berbeda nyata.</em> <em>Ketiga bakteri yang digunakan sebagai pelapis masih dapat hidup sampai periode simpan 24 minggu dengan populasi </em><em>5.89 x 10<sup>4</sup> cfu g<sup>-1</sup> untuk Pseudomonas kelompok fluorescens, 4.79 x 10<sup>4</sup> cfu g<sup>-1</sup> untuk Bacillus subtilis dan 1.70 x 10<sup>4</sup> cfu g<sup>-1</sup> untuk Serratia marcescens.</em>
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae survival in point-inoculated kiwifruit vines
Authors: Tyson Joy L. , Manning Michael A. , Mellow Kieran D. , Vergara Michelle J. 
Published: June 2018

The survival and spread over time of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) in point-inoculated kiwifruit vines is poorly understood. Forty-eight 2-year-old vines of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ and A. chinensis var. chinensis ‘Hort16A’ were inoculated 30 cm above the crown, either during the active growth (autumn) or dormant (winter) period in two successive years. Vines were cultivated for 3—4 years, after which bacterial isolations were made at intervals along the vines from crown to tip. Psa was found up to 220 cm above the inoculation point and in some of the crowns, 30 cm below the inoculation point. The sites where Psa was found within vines were not always contiguous. Fewer vines of ‘Hayward’ developed serious symptoms or died than ‘Hort16A’; however, more surviving vines of ‘Hayward’ were Psa-positive than those of ‘Hort16A’. Psa was able to survive for at least 4 years in apparently healthy kiwifruit vines. This has implications for the movement of asymptomatic budwood to areas without Psa.
Estructura funcional del Chaco y Plan de desarrollo físico de Resistencia y su área de influencia una recuperación histórica
Authors: Romagnoli Venettia 
Published: June 2018

<p><em>Estructura Funcional de la Provincia del Chaco </em>y <em>Plan de desarrollo físico de Resistencia y su Área de Influencia </em>son dos obras que recuperan los importantes trabajos investigativos y prospectivos desarrollados por Brian Alejandro Thomson y su equipo de trabajo entre los años 1966 y 1972 en el antiguo Departamento de Planeamiento Urbano y Regional de la Facultad de Ingeniería, Vivienda y Planeamiento de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, y que en palabras de su prologuista <em>“cimentaron las bases conceptuales sobre las cuales se edificó nuestra actual facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo” </em>(Barreto, 2016 y 2017).</p>
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TEACHER PERSONALITY COMPETENCIES AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE LEARNER
Authors: Wandini Intan , Abdurahkman Omon 
Published: June 2018

The attitude of learners can be influenced by a teacher as an educator, because teachers can direct and guide learners to be able to control his attitude in the control. Which is meant personality competence is full of changes that have a personality that wise, steady, authoritative, adult, and noble character. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between teacher personality competence with the attitude of learners. The type of research used is quantitative research. This study is a functional relationship that aims to determine the relationship of independent variables with the dependent variable, Data collected using questionnaires and interviews. The result of research obtained data of filling of questionnaire from 30 teacher and 70 student use t test obtained tcount = 4.625 > ttable = 1.988 so the relationship between the teacher personality competence and the attitude of the learners is significant. Regression equation of from Y = 68.873 + 0.132X. this study received an effective contribution R2 = 0.028 which indicates the existence 2.8% the attitude variabel of the student is influenced by teacher personality competence, 97.2 % are influenced by other factors that were not analyzed in the research, and result of correlation analysis between teacher personality competence with attitude of student obtained value equal to 0.409 showing moderate relationship between teacher personality competence with attitude of student at SDN Leuwiliang 01 and SDN Leuwiliang 04.
STRATEGI PENGUATAN IKNB MELALUI AUDIT TATA KELOLA DAN MANAJEMEN RISIKO TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI PADA USAHA START UP MENGGUNAKAN COBIT FRAMEWORK (STUDI KASUS : OTORITAS JASA KEUANGAN)
Authors: Sonata Fifin - 
Published: June 2018

Perkembangan sektor usaha rintisan/start up berbasis teknologi informasi (TI) dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat dengan pesat. Pada 2016, Indonesia tercatat sebagai negara yang memiliki jumlah start-up tertinggi di Asia Tenggara, yakni 2.000-an. Hal ini semakin memperkuat IKNB meningkatkan audit tata kelola dan manajemen risiko TI di tengah peluang ekspansi usaha melalui OJK. Oleh karena itu sudah saatnya OJK membutuhkan metode khusus yang digunakan untuk audit tata kelola dan manajemen risiko TI untuk dapat mengevaluasi, memanajemen dan menjamin pesatnya teknologi informasi dalam usaha rintisan/start up menjadi lebih kondusif dan kredibel. Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan audit tata kelola dan manajemen risiko TI adalah COBIT (Control Objective for Information and Related Technology) Framework. COBIT framework berfungsi memberikan manajer, auditor, dan pengguna teknologi informasi dengan kumpulan umum tindakan, indikator, proses dan praktik terbaik untuk membantu usaha start up dalam memaksimalkan keuntungan yang diperoleh melalui penggunaan teknologi informasi dan berkembang sesuai IT Governance dan kontrol dalam sebuah perusahaan start up. Pelaksanaan audit tata kelola dan menajemen risiko TI dengan COBIT yang dilakukan OJK mempunyai dampak positif bagi berbagai pihak, diantaranya : OJK, pelaku bisnis rintisan/start up, usaha lain (Ekomoni Kreatif, UMKM, sektor infrastruktur), lembaga pendanaan IKNB dan pertumbuhan ekonomi indonesia. Selain itu, standar COBIT ini juga dapat memberikan masukan dan solusi bagi OJK untuk perbaikan pengelolaan TI pada sektor IKNB di masa yang akan datang
National Cancer Diagnosis Audit: initial results on avoidable delays
Authors: Swann Ruth , Witt ÒJana , Shand Brian , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Hiom Sara , Rubin Greg , McPhail Sean 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAn earlier diagnosis of cancer can increase cancer survival and quality of life. Characterising avoidable delays to a patient’s diagnosis of cancer can help to direct quality improvement initiatives.AimTo evaluate avoidable delays to cancer diagnoses and the variation by cancer type and patient characteristics using primary care data collected as part of the National Cancer Diagnosis Audit (NCDA).MethodEnglish general practices participating in the NCDA (439) entered primary care data on patients (17,042) diagnosed with cancer in 2014. Using a taxonomy developed from the National Audit of Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care (2011), GPs reported delays to the diagnosis that in their judgement were avoidable.ResultsIn 22% of NCDA patient records (n = 3380), the GP considered there to be an avoidable delay to the patient receiving their cancer diagnosis. There was variation by cancer type; 7% of breast cancer patients experienced delays compared to 34% of stomach cancer patients. 49% of avoidable delays occurred in primary care and 38% in secondary or tertiary care. Of all delays, 28% were attributed to clinician factors and 34% to health care system factors. Results will be presented by patient characteristics.ConclusionPrimary care data from the NCDA can be used to better understand potentially avoidable delays to diagnosis and identify possible solutions for improving the diagnostic pathway. Avoidable delays during cancer diagnosis occur for many reasons. These insights can inform quality improvement initiatives, which should be directed at both clinical and organisational factors in primary care and hospital settings.
Diagnostic timeliness in adolescents and young adults with cancer: Cross-sectional findings from the BRIGHTLIGHT cohort
Authors: Herbert Annie , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Whelan Jeremy , Taylor Rachel M , Barber Julie , Gibson Faith , Fern Lorna A 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAdolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer are thought to experience prolonged diagnostic intervals but robust evidence quantifying such associations is lacking.AimTo examine diagnostic timeliness in a cohort of young people, identifying sociodemographic factors and cancer sites associated with variation in timeliness.MethodWe analysed data from 830 patients with cancer aged 12–24 who completed BRIGHTLIGHT face-to-face interviews, for variation in the patient interval (time from symptom onset to first healthcare presentation); the number of pre-referral GP consultations; and the total interval (time from symptom onset to diagnosis). We present descriptive statistics of these outcomes by patient characteristics and cancer site and multivariable regression models for adjusted estimates of associations.ResultsAmong participants, 27% experienced a patient interval of >1 month and 35% of those consulting a GP had 3 or more (3+) pre-referral consultations. The median total interval was 62 days. We hereafter highlight significant associations (<0.05). Females were more likely to have 3+ consultations and longer total intervals compared with males. Patients with lymphoma or bone tumours were most likely to have 3+ pre-referral consultations and those with melanoma least likely. Females and patients with bone tumours had the longest median total intervals and those with leukaemia the shortest.ConclusionThese data benchmark diagnostic timeliness for young people with cancer and identify subgroups at higher risk of prolonged diagnostic journeys. Further work is now required to prioritise and stratify early diagnosis initiatives for these subgroups.FundingNational Institute for Health Research (RP-PG-1209-10013); Teenage Cancer Trust; Cancer Research UK (A18180).