bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of drug treatment of vulvodynia: evidence of a strong placebo effect
Authors: Miranda Varella Pereira G , Soriano Marcolino M , Silveira Nogueira Reis Z , Vale de Castro Monteiro M 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundVulvodynia is the most common type of chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia in premenopausal women. The effect of drugs for the treatment of vulvodynia remains poorly discussed.ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review of randomised controlled studies which assess medications used to treat vulvar pain in vulvodynia.Search strategyWeb of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO Academic, LILACS and MEDLINE were searched from 1985 to September 2016.Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials comparing any kind of medication for vulvodynia treatment with placebo or with another medication in adult patients were included.Data collection and analysisThe two investigators independently conducted data extraction. The synthesis was provided by the pain reduction index. Study quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention and analysis of publication bias was conducted.Main resultsFive studies were included in qualitative synthesis. Number of participants varied from 30 to 133 participants among the eligible studies, resulting in a total of 297 patients. The pain reduction rates of patients with vulvodynia assessed by Q‐tipped cotton test and visual analogue scale varied between studies. Placebo was shown to be as effective as any medication.ConclusionsThere is a need for further studies evaluating topical monotherapy for the treatment of vulvodynia, as they are the main drugs used in clinical practice.Tweetable abstractNo medication has shown impact on vulvar pain in vulvodynia. There is evidence of a placebo effect.
NAV Premiums & REIT Property Transactions
Authors: Kim Dongshin , Wiley Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study explores the outcome for REIT investment in response to NAV premiums considering (1) the volume of acquisition activity, and (2) relative prices paid for individual assets. Regarding the first, we provide evidence that REIT managers increase real estate investment following positive changes in NAV premiums. Regarding the second, we use a large sample of transactions for retail, office and multifamily property and find that REITs appear to pay significantly higher prices relative to other investors. Transaction prices paid by REIT managers for all three property types are positively and significantly affected by market‐wide NAV premiums.
Why do ‘fast track’ patients stay more than four hours in the emergency department? An investigation of factors that predict length of stay
Authors: Gill Stephen D , Lane Stephen E , Sheridan Michael , Ellis Elizabeth , Smith Darren , Stella Julian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveLow‐acuity ‘fast track’ patients represent a large portion of Australian EDs’ workload and must be managed efficiently to meet the National Emergency Access Target. The current study determined the relative importance and estimated marginal effects of patient and system‐related variables in predicting ED fast track patients who stayed longer than 4 h in the ED.MethodsData for ED presentations between 1 July 2014 and 30 June 2015 were collected from a large regional Australian public hospital. Only ‘fast track’ patients were included in the analysis. A gradient boosting machine was used to predict which patients would have an ED length of stay greater or less than 4 h. The performance of the final model was tested using a validation data set that was withheld from the initial analysis. A total of 27 variables were analysed.ResultsThe model’s performance was very good (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.89, where 1.0 is perfect prediction). The five most important variables for predicting length of stay were time‐dependent and system‐related (not patient‐related); these were the amount of time taken from when the patient arrived at the ED to: (i) order imaging; (ii) order pathology; (iii) request admission to hospital; (iv) allocate a clinician to care for the patient; and (v) handover a patient between ED clinicians.ConclusionsWe identified the most important variables for predicting length of stay greater than 4 h for fast track patients in our ED. Identifying factors that influence length of stay is a necessary step towards understanding ED patient flow and identifying improvement opportunities.
Effect of fruit host on wing morphology in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): A first view using geometric morphometrics
Authors: Pajač Živković Ivana , Lemic Darija , Mešić Aleksandar , Barić Božena , Órdenes Rodrigo , Benítez Hugo A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe invasive alien fruit pest Drosophila suzukii, (Matsumura 1931) causes economic loss in soft‐skinned fruit production across Europe. After its first detection in 2008, the species has successfully expanded to a wide geographic area and invaded new host plants in a relatively short period of time. The aim of the present study was to analyze the connection between food preferences as host specialization and the morphology of D. suzukii. Population morphological variation in wings was investigated in two different host fruits (grape and strawberry) in which economic damage has been recorded. The geometric morphometric results revealed two noticeable wing shape morphotypes in D. suzukii (i.e. vein configuration) between the grape and strawberry fruits. Flies reared in grapes had wider wings, whereas flies grown in strawberries had more narrow wings. These differences in morphotype could be explained by the effects of wing aerodynamics, which affect the strength of the wings in flight. This, in turn, can lead to better dispersion within the associated fruit host. These results confirm that this extremely invasive species, found worldwide, is successful at spreading in part because of its potential to adapt rapidly under different rearing conditions. Therefore, adaptive variations in the wing shape of D. suzukii can be used to differentiate populations based on food preference (e.g. soft fruits) and can serve as an additional tool for detecting different bioecological types of D. suzukii.
Impact of upper respiratory tract infections on perioperative outcomes of children undergoing therapeutic cardiac catheterisation
Authors: Zhang S. , Ding S. , Cai M. , Bai J. , Zhang M. , Huang Y. , Zheng J. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundRecent upper respiratory tract infection (URI) is associated with increased incidence of perioperative complications in children undergoing open heart surgery. As a result, surgery is often postponed. However, the effect of recent URI on the incidence of perioperative complications in children undergoing therapeutic cardiac catheterisation is unknown. We investigated the perioperative outcomes of congenital heart disease (CHD) children with recent URI who underwent elective therapeutic catheterisation.MethodsWe prospectively included children treated for CHD. Before surgery, parents or legal guardians were interviewed to complete a questionnaire on the child's demographics, history of asthma and passive smoking, and URI symptoms. Recorded perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) included laryngospasm, bronchospasm, breath holding, oxygen desaturation, and severe cough. Information on postoperative dysphoria, fever, copious sputum, and vomiting was obtained by telephone 24 h after surgery.ResultsOf 363 included children, 169 had recently (within 2 weeks) had a URI. The URI did not affect the incidence of laryngospasm, bronchospasm, breath holding, fever, or vomiting. The incidence of desaturation, severe cough, dysphoria, and copious sputum were significantly increased. Independent risk factors for PRAEs in children with a recent URI included age, passive smoking, and presence of rhinorrhoea or moist cough. The lengths of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit were not significantly different between groups.ConclusionAlthough recent URI increased the incidence of PRAEs in children undergoing therapeutic cardiac catheterisation, most CHD patients with recent URI can undergo elective therapeutic cardiac catheterisation without serious adverse events or prolonged hospitalisation.
Out of sight, out of mind? Testing the effects of overwinter habitat alterations on breeding territories of a migratory endangered species
Authors: Morant J. , Zabala J. , Martínez J. E. , Zuberogoitia I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic activities are one of the main threats to species living in human‐dominated landscapes and can promote behavioral changes in birds. This paper presents a novel approach to test how a migratory species responds to habitat alterations occurring in nesting territories during winter, when the species is absent. From 2000 to 2016, we collated territory and nest monitoring data for the endangered Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus in the north of Spain, to test the effects of overwinter habitat alterations (OHA) around breeding territories on the species reproductive output. We monitored 70 different nest sites and observed OHA around the nesting area in 39 cases. Probability of switching to another nesting site almost tripled after OHA. Pairs that switched experienced substantially decreased breeding success and avoided reusing the nest for 4.8 ± 4.64 years. The presence of determinate landscape elements that provide screening, such as forest patches, increased nest reoccupancy probability after OHA by more than 0.3, to 0. 55 (compared to 0.24 when no screening was present). We also found that the distance and the situation of the OHA were critical factors explaining reproduction probabilities at nest sites. Our results demonstrate how OHA can strongly impact the breeding behavior of long‐lived species. This highlights the need to examine the long‐term impact of OHA rather than focusing only on disturbances during sensitive periods, as is often the case with habitual mitigation measures.
Antibiotic resistance in severe odontogenic infections of the South Australian population: a 9‐year retrospective audit
Authors: Liau I , Han J , Bayetto K , May B , Goss A , Sambrook P , Cheng A 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this study were to evaluate the microbiological trends in severe odontogenic infections requiring hospital admission in the South Australian Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit. Rates of antibiotic resistance to empirical antibiotic regimens were determined to quantify the clinical implications of antibiotic‐resistant odontogenic infections.MethodsA retrospective case audit was performed on all odontogenic infections admitted to the Royal Adelaide Hospital over a 9‐year period. Data was collected regarding demographics, microbiological culture and sensitivity results, and clinical outcome variables.ResultsOf a total of 672 patients, microbiology data was available for 447 cases. Penicillin‐resistant organisms were identified in 10.8% of patients, who required a significantly longer length of hospital admission (mean, 9.93 days) and higher rates of non‐response to initial surgical therapy (40%).ConclusionsThere were moderate rates of antibiotic‐resistant odontogenic infections within the South Australian population. Patients within this subgroup demonstrate markedly poorer clinical outcomes. Effective treatment of odontogenic infections involves early operative intervention, with adjunctive use of appropriate antibiotic therapy that involves close monitoring of response to removal of the cause and use of first‐line antibiotic agents. Cases that fail to respond require urgent specialist review in order to reduce morbidity and mortality outcomes.
Substance‐use initiation moderates the effect of stress on white‐matter microstructure in adolescents
Authors: Zhai Zu Wei , Yip Sarah W. , Morie Kristen P. , Sinha Rajita , Mayes Linda C. , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundWhile childhood stress may contribute risk to substance‐use initiation and differences in brain white‐matter development, understanding of the potential impact of substance‐use initiation on the relationship between experienced stress and white‐matter microstructure remains limited.ObjectivesThis study examined whether substance‐use initiation moderated the effect of perceived stress on white‐matter differences using measures of primary white‐matter fiber anisotropy.MethodsForty adolescents (age 14.75 ± .87 years) were assessed on the Perceived Stress Scale, and 50% were determined to have presence of substance‐use initiation. White‐matter microstructure was examined using primary‐fiber orientations anisotropy, which may reflect white‐matter integrity, modeled separately from other fiber orientations in the same voxels. Analyses were conducted on regions of interest previously associated with childhood stress and substance use.ResultsLower perceived stress and presence of substance‐use initiation were related to greater right cingulum primary‐fiber measures. Substance‐use‐initiation status moderated the association between perceived stress and right cingulum primary‐fiber measures, such that higher perceived stress was associated with lower right cingulum primary‐fiber anisotropy in adolescents without substance‐use initiation, but not in those with substance‐use initiation.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceFindings in primary‐fiber anisotropy suggest differences in right cingulum white‐matter integrity is associated with substance‐use initiation in higher‐stress adolescents. This reflects a possible pre‐existing risk factor, an impact of early substance use, or a combination thereof. Examination of potential markers associated with substance‐use initiation in white‐matter microstructure among stress‐exposed youth warrant additional investigation as such biomarkers may inform efforts relating to tailored interventions. (Am J Addict 2018;27:217–224)
Nonmedical prescription stimulant users experience subjective but not objective impairments in attention and impulsivity
Authors: Looby Alison , Sant'Ana Sarah 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectivesNonmedical prescription stimulant use is frequently reported by college students to improve academic performance, yet it is unknown whether users truly experience cognitive impairments that may drive use. This research compared students with at least one report of nonmedical prescription stimulant use and nonusers on both self‐report and objective measures of inattention and impulsivity.MethodsTwo studies examined inattention (N = 155) and impulsivity (N = 115) among college students. Participants completed self‐report questionnaires and cognitive tests, including Digit Span, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, and a Continuous Performance Test to assess inattention, and the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and the Stop Signal Task to assess risk‐taking and impulsivity.ResultsSelf‐reports of inattention and impulsive symptoms were significantly higher among users, controlling for gender, GPA, self‐reported ADHD, alcohol use, and drug use; however, no objective differences were found.Discussion and ConclusionsNonmedical prescription stimulant users may engage in use to overcome perceived deficits in cognitive abilities despite lack of objective evidence.Scientific SignificanceUnderstanding discrepancies in objective performance and subjective reports may aid in the development of effective interventions for nonmedical prescription stimulant use. (Am J Addict 2018;27:238–244)
Dermoscopy features of atypical fibroxanthoma: A multicenter study of the International Dermoscopy Society
Authors: Moscarella Elvira , Piana Simonetta , Specchio Francesca , Kyrgidis Athanassios , Nazzaro Gianluca , Eliceche Maite L , Savoia Francesco , Bugatti Leonardo , Filosa Giorgio , Zalaudek Iris , Scarfi Federica , Inskip Mike , Rosendahl Cliff , Pyne John H , Siggs Graeme , Toğral Arzu K , Cabo Horatio , Drlik Lubomir , Lallas Aimilios , Longo Caterina , Argenziano Giuseppe 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesLittle is known about the dermoscopic features of atypical fibroxanthoma.MethodsThis was a case‐control study. Atypical fibroxanthoma lesions were compared with a control group with non‐melanoma skin cancer.ResultsAltogether 40 atypical fibroxanthoma were collected. Most developed in men (93%), appearing mainly as nodular (63%), amelanotic (93%) and ulcerated (78%) lesions. Most lesions were located on the scalp (55%) and the ears (13%). Dermoscopically, most atypical fibroxanthoma displayed red (83%) and white (70%) structureless areas and irregular linear vessels (43%). A series of features achieved statistical significance when comparing atypical fibroxanthoma with non‐melanoma skin cancer. The presence of red and white structureless areas and white lines, and the absence of yellowish‐white opaque scales, hairpin vessels and arborising vessels were predictive of atypical fibroxanthoma in univariate analysis. However, when squamous cell carcinoma was excluded from the analysis, none of the criteria achieved statistical significance. When basal cell carcinoma was excluded, three variables achieved statistical significance in predicting atypical fibroxanthoma: red, structureless areas, the absence of opaque yellowish‐white scales and absence of white circles.ConclusionsAtypical fibroxanthomas seem to be barely distinguishable from basal cell carcinoma dermoscopically, but they are more easily distinguishable from a well to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. A histopathological examination is needed for the final diagnosis.
Low frequency of acetyl salicylic acid hypersensitivity in mastocytosis: The results of a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled challenge study
Authors: Hermans M. A. W. , van der Vet S. Q. A. , van Hagen P. M. , van Wijk R. Gerth , van Daele P. L. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with mastocytosis are at increased risk of anaphylaxis. The use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is often discouraged because of this reason. However, the actual prevalence and severity of NSAID‐related hypersensitivity among patients with mastocytosis is unknown.MethodsA double‐blind, placebo‐controlled acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) challenge up to a cumulative dose of 520 mg was performed among adult patients with mastocytosis. In addition, a retrospective search of the entire outpatient cohort was performed to obtain “real‐life” data on NSAID hypersensitivity.ResultsFifty patients underwent an ASA challenge. Seventy percent had indolent systemic mastocytosis, 18% had mastocytosis in the skin, and 12% had advanced mastocytosis. The ASA challenge was positive in 1 patient who developed urticaria. The additional retrospective chart review revealed that 8 of 191 patients had a history of NSAID‐related hypersensitivity reaction(s), of whom 3 reported severe systemic reactions. All 8 patients had already experienced NSAID‐related hypersensitivity reactions before mastocytosis was diagnosed.ConclusionsThe frequency of ASA hypersensitivity was 2% in a prospective challenge study and 4.1% in a retrospective chart review of 191 patients with mastocytosis. NSAIDs can be administered safely to most patients with mastocytosis. Extra caution should be taken in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to other drugs, or traditional risk factors for NSAID hypersensitivity.
Outlier experienced surgeon’s performances impact on benchmark for technical surgical skills training
Authors: Gallagher Anthony G. , Henn Patrick J. , Neary Paul C. , Senagore Anthony J. , Marcello Peter W. , Bunting Brendan P. , Seymour Neal E. , Satava Richard M. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundTraining in medicine must move to an outcome‐based approach. A proficiency‐based progression outcome approach to training relies on a quantitative estimation of experienced operator performance. We aimed to develop a method for dealing with atypical expert performances in the quantitative definition of surgical proficiency.MethodsIn study one, 100 experienced laparoscopic surgeons’ performances on virtual reality and box‐trainer simulators were assessed for two similar laparoscopic tasks. In study two, 15 experienced surgeons and 16 trainee colorectal surgeons performed one simulated hand‐assisted laparoscopic colorectal procedure. Performance scores of experienced surgeons in both studies were standardized (i.e. Z‐scores) using the mean and standard deviations (SDs). Performances >1.96 SDs from the mean were excluded in proficiency definitions.ResultsIn study one, 1–5% of surgeons’ performances were excluded having performed significantly below their colleagues. Excluded surgeons made significantly fewer correct incisions (mean = 7 (SD = 2) versus 19.42 (SD = 4.6), P < 0.0001) and a greater proportion of incorrect incisions (mean = 45.71 (SD = 10.48) versus 5.25 (SD = 6.6), P < 0.0001). In study two, one experienced colorectal surgeon performance was >4 SDs for time to complete the procedure and >6 SDs for path length. After their exclusions, experienced surgeons’ performances were significantly better than trainees for path length: P = 0.031 and for time: P = 0.002.ConclusionObjectively assessed atypical expert performances were few. Z‐score standardization identified them and produced a more robust quantitative definition of proficiency.
A “Scented Declaration of Progress”: Globalisation, Afropolitan Imagineering and Familiar Orientations
Authors: Adeniyi Ogunyankin Grace 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBranded as “Africa's first luxury perfume”, the Scent of Africa perfume is a “scented declaration of progress”. Particularly fascinating is the commercial advertisement for the perfume, which I argue to be an “Afropolitan Imagineering” project that is intended to signal Africa's rise and its new association with global cosmopolitanism. At first glance, the Scent of Africa perfume advertisement seems to point to the ways in which Imagineering projects can reproduce colonial discourses about Africanness. However, in this article, I suggest that we complicate the advertisement and examine its subversive potential to decentre whiteness and celebrate Africanness while writing Africa into the world. Despite this subversion, I conclude that African worlding practices should disinherit the familiarity of Eurocentric geographic determinism that is embedded in Afropolitan Imagineering and instead become informed by afro‐futuristic imaginings and disidentification politics.