bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral competence and conduct disorder among Filipino children in conflict with the law
Authors: Mariano Melissa Paulita V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsThe numbers of children in conflict with the law continue to rise in Asia, yet few studies have been conducted regarding factors associated with it. It has been theorized that children with conduct disorder represent majority of children in conflict with the law, and that poor moral competence mediates the association between conduct disorder and antisocial behavior. This study aimed to present a profile of Filipino children in conflict with the law, determine the prevalence of conduct disorder in the sample, and investigate variables associated with conduct disorder.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted at a conflict with the law Custodial Care Center in the Philippines. The procedure entailed a diagnostic interview and questionnaire administration conducted by psychiatrists. Questionnaires administered included the Moral Competence Test and Parental Warmth and Acceptance Scale. Statistical analyses of data included descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests, and independent t tests. SPSS v.23.0 was used for data encoding and analysis.ResultsTwenty‐three participants were included in the study, with 10 participants with conduct disorder and 13 controls. Majority were male adolescents between the ages of 16 and 18 years. Conduct disorder was associated with commission of multiple violations, particularly theft and homicide, the presence of a substance use disorder, and a history of abuse. Participants with conduct disorder had lower moral competence levels compared to participants without conduct disorder.ConclusionConduct disorder was associated with high‐risk antisocial behavior and lower levels of moral competence.
Haploidentical stem cell transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide for refractory systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma
Authors: Ito Jumpei , Shima Haruko , Inoue Kyohei , Yamazaki Fumito , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractJuvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a generally benign, self‐limited histiocytic disorder, which belongs to non‐Langerhans cell histiocytoses (non‐LCH). However, systemic JXG can be fatal in rare cases. We present the case of an 11‐year‐old female with systemic JXG, who experienced repeated vertebral compression fractures and did not fully respond to systemic chemotherapy. Based on its reported efficacy in LCH, the patient underwent human leukocyte antigen‐haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with posttransplant cyclophosphamide. The patient did not suffer major complications and has not experienced relapse for 13 months since HSCT. HSCT may be a potential treatment option for patients with refractory non‐LCH.
High‐Fidelity Universal Quantum Controlled Gates on Electron‐Spin Qubits in Quantum Dots Inside Single‐Sided Optical Microcavities
Authors: Cao Cong , Han Yu‐Hong , Zhang Li , Fan Ling , Duan Yu‐Wen , Zhang Ru 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSemiconductor quantum‐dot (QD) spins hold great promise in quantum information science and technology. The implementation of high‐fidelity quantum gates on QD‐spin qubits is of great importance. Here, two schemes are presented to implement two universal quantum controlled gates, that is, the two‐qubit controlled‐not gate and the three‐qubit Toffoli gate, on stationary electron‐spin qubits in QDs inside single‐sided optical microcavities, based on the cavity‐assisted photon scattering under the balance condition. Compared with the previous schemes based on the ideal giant circular birefringence, the present schemes use the balance condition of the single‐sided QD‐cavity system, which can be achieved in both the weak‐ and strong‐coupling regimes of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Under the balance condition, the noise caused by the unbalanced reflectance between the coupled and uncoupled QD‐cavity systems can be efficiently depressed, so that the fidelity of each quantum gate operation can be increased to unity in principle. The schemes exhibit the possibility of realizing high‐fidelity and scalable quantum computing with single QD spins and single photons using the feasible and robust light–matter quantum interface. These high‐fidelity quantum controlled gates can lead to more efficient construction of quantum circuits for quantum computing, and provide a convenient avenue for quantum networking.
A palaeoenvironmental study of particle size‐specific connectivity—New insights and implications from the West Sussex Rother Catchment, United Kingdom
Authors: Foster Ian D.L. , Biddulph Matilda , Boardman John , Copeland‐Phillips Ruth , Evans Jennine , Pulley Simon J. , Zhang Yusheng , Collins Adrian L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConnectivity has become an important conceptual and practical framework for understanding and managing sediment transfers across hillslopes, between hillslopes and rivers, and between rivers and other compartments along the river corridor (e.g., reservoirs, channel substrate, and floodplain). Conventionally, connectivity focuses on the quantity of sediment transferred but here, we also consider the size of the finer sediment (typically particles <500 μm diameter). We examine the role of small rapidly silting reservoirs in the river Rother on storing sediment and disrupting downstream sediment transfers. Spatial and temporal changes in the particle size characteristics of sediment deposited in one of the ponds is explored in detail. Downstream of this pond, we collected sediment from the river on nine occasions over 17 months using two sampling methods at two locations; first, immediately downstream of the pond and a second ~700 m further downstream but upstream of the confluence with the Rother. Results showed a significant depletion in sand‐sized particles immediately downstream of the pond but the sand had been recovered from an in‐channel source before the river reached the downstream sampling point.
Why does entrepreneurial orientation affect company performance?
Authors: Putniņš Tālis J. , Sauka Arnis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch summaryTo better understand why entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is positively associated with company performance, we propose and test a reconceptualization of how the components of EO (risk‐taking, innovativeness, proactiveness) combine in driving performance. Drawing on financial economics theory, our conceptualization highlights that all three components positively contribute to performance, but in different ways. Risk‐taking has a direct positive relationship with performance, which can be understood through the risk–return tradeoff that is central in financial economics theory. The relationship between risk‐taking and performance is conditional on the level of innovativeness and thus innovativeness contributes to performance through its effect on the type of risk‐taking. Proactiveness contributes to performance through its positive effect on the level of risk‐taking.Managerial summaryThis study analyzes three key drivers of company performance: risk‐taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. We show that constructive risk‐taking is the central driver of company performance, mirroring the principle of risk and return in financial investment settings. Risk‐ taking that is associated with innovation has a particularly strong positive relationship with performance, consistent with innovation being a driver of growth and profitability. More proactive firms tend to take on more risk and thus also perform better than less proactive firms.
Toward watermarking compressed data in columnar database architectures
Authors: Yaqub Waheeb , Kamel Ibrahim , Aung Zeyar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA digital watermark is a secret pattern of bits inserted in the data objects to verify the integrity of the contents or to identify ownership. It is an effective technique for protecting various databases against data copyright infringement, piracy, and data tampering in both relational and not‐only‐Structured Query Language (NoSQL) databases including columnar database. Unfortunately, most of the existing digital watermarking schemes do not take into consideration the side effects that watermarking might have on the database's important characteristics such as data compression and overall performance. Thus, we are in need of database watermarking schemes that are tailored to the target database systems' specific architecture so that it does not interfere with the database's characteristics and performance. Columnar database is a type of NoSQL database where its data are stored in a column‐wise manner. This facilitates better query processing (by leaving the unrelated attributes on the disk) as well as higher compression ratio. In this research, we propose a distortion‐free fragile watermarking scheme for the columnar database architecture without interfering its underlying data compression scheme and its overall performance. The proposed scheme is flexible and can be adapted to various distributions of data. We tested our proposed scheme on both synthetic and real‐world data, and proved its effectiveness.
Predictors of Death in Necrotizing Skin and Soft Tissue Infection
Authors: Eguia Emanuel , Vivirito Vincent , Cobb Adrienne N. , Janjua Haroon , Cheung Matthew , Kuo Paul C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundNecrotizing skin and soft tissue infection (NSTI) is a surgical emergency that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study aims to identify predictors of in‐hospital death following a NSTI.Material and methodsWe queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Database (SID) for California between 2006 and 2011. We used conventional and advanced statistical methods to identify predictors of in‐hospital mortality, which included: logistic regression, stepwise logistic regression, decision trees, and K‐nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithms.ResultsA total of 10,158 patients had a NSTI. The full and stepwise logistic regression models had a ROC AUC in the validation dataset of 0.83 (95% CI [0.80, 0.86]) and 0.81 (95% CI [0.78, 0.83]), respectively. The KNN and decision tree model had a ROC AUC of 0.84 (95% CI [0.81, 0.85]) and 0.69 (95% CI [0.65, 0.72]), respectively. The top predictors of in‐hospital mortality in the KNN and stepwise logistic model included: (1) the presence of in‐hospital coagulopathy, (2) having an infectious or parasitic diagnoses, (3) electrolyte disturbances, (4) advanced age, and (5) the total number of beds in a hospital.ConclusionPatients with a NSTI have high rates of in‐hospital mortality. This study highlights the important factors in managing patients with a NSTI which include: correcting coagulopathy and electrolyte imbalances, treating underlying infectious processes, providing adequate resources to the elderly population, and managing patients in high‐volume centers.
A New Metric for the Space of Macroscopic Parameters of Grain Interfaces
Authors: Morawiec A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Analysis of datasets of macroscopic grain boundary parameters is based on grouping boundaries with similar parameters. Therefore, a measure of similarity or a distance between interfaces is needed. The paper introduces a new interface distance function. The function has properties allowing for accounting for equivalences among points in the macroscopic parameter space. Moreover, it has a simple interpretation: it minimizes the sum of angles of crystallite rotations needed to transform one interface into the other.
Rapid Isolation and Multiplexed Detection of Exosome Tumor Markers Via Queued Beads Combined with Quantum Dots in a Microarray
Authors: Bai Yanan , Lu Yunxing , Wang Kun , Cheng Zule , Qu Youlan , Qiu Shihui , Zhou Lin , Wu Zhenhua , Liu Huiying , Zhao Jianlong , Mao Hongju 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes are actively involved in cancer progression and metastasis and have emerged as a promising marker for cancer diagnosis in liquid biopsy. Because of their nanoscale size, complex biogenesis, and methodological limitations related to exosome isolation and detection, advancements in their analysis remain slow. Microfluidic technology offers a better analytic approach compared with conventional methods. Here, we developed a bead-based microarray for exosome isolation and multiplexed tumor marker detection. Using this method, exosomes are isolated by binding to antibodies on the bead surface, and tumor markers on the exosomes are detected through quantum dot (QD) probes. The beads are then uniformly trapped and queued among micropillars in the chip. This design benefits fluorescence observation by dispersing the signals into every single bead, thereby avoiding optical interference and enabling more accurate test results. We analyzed exosomes in the cell culture supernatant of lung cancer and endothelial cell lines, and different lung cancer markers labeled with three QD probes were used to conduct multiplexed detection of exosome surface protein markers. Lung cancer-derived samples showed much higher (~ sixfold–tenfold) fluorescence intensity than endothelial cell samples, and different types of lung cancer samples showed distinctive marker expression levels. Additionally, using the chip to detect clinical plasma samples from cancer patients showed good diagnostic power and revealed a well consistency with conventional tests for serological markers. These results provide insight into a promising method for exosome tumor marker detection and early-stage cancer diagnosis.
Behavioural and social sciences to enhance the efficacy of health promotion interventions: redesigning the role of professionals and people
Authors: PENNUCCI FRANCESCA , DE ROSIS SABINA , MURANTE ANNA MARIA , NUTI SABINA 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvidence on the effectiveness of health promotion interventions is mixed, especially in terms of the magnitude of their impact and long-term adherence. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach informed by behavioural economics of developing behavioural change programmes, which is designed to educate, activate, engage and empower people by taking into consideration individual and social mechanisms. Three applied pilots and their results are presented in order to illustrate the approach using cognitive and social mechanisms to lead to better health outcomes, individually and community-wide. More research is needed to explore levers and barriers for the systemic adoption of this framework in implementing health promotion interventions.
Multiproxy ecosystem response of abrupt Holocene climatic changes in the northeastern Mediterranean sedimentary archive and hydrologic regime
Authors: Giamali Christina , Koskeridou Efterpi , Antonarakou Assimina , Ioakim Chryssanthi , Kontakiotis George , Karageorgis Aristomenis P. , Roussakis Grigoris , Karakitsios Vassilis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAspects of paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic evolution of the north Aegean Sea through the Holocene are revealed by the study of quantitative variations in planktonic foraminiferal, pteropodal, and palynomorph assemblages; the isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera; and hydrographic-related indices, extracted from two high-sedimentation rate cores from the North Aegean Trough. Focusing on the last ~10 cal ka BP, the current Holocene subdivision (Greenlandian, Northgrippian, and Meghalayan) confirms the traditional understanding of an evolution from wetter (Greenlandian) to gradually drier (Northgrippian and Meghalayan) climatic conditions and further highlights the role of changing seasonality during this time. The most warm and humid phase corresponds to the time of the sapropel S1 deposition (9.6–6.1 cal ka BP). The Holocene climatic instability of the study area is further supported by six episodes of brief cooling (North Aegean cooling; NAEGC6–NAEGC1) centered at 9.30, 8.05, 7.05, 4.55, 3.55, and 2.05 cal ka BP, reflected by significant faunal changes and oxygen isotope enrichments. These cold/arid events are coeval with equivalent cooling events that have been described in different basins of the Mediterranean Sea, while signal similarities with equivalent changes in the intensity of the Siberian high suggest a climatic link between the studied area and the high-latitude areas.
Assembling emergence: making art and selling gas in Bulawayo
Authors: Rubin Joshua D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article is an ethnographic investigation of the labours of making art and selling liquid petroleum gas (LPG) in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It locates these activities within a shared social world, centred on one of Bulawayo's major art galleries, and it demonstrates that artists and LPG dealers use similar strategies to respond to the political conditions of life in the city. This article frames these conditions as unpredictable, insofar as they change frequently and crystallize in unexpected forms, and it argues that both groups are attempting to act within these conditions and shape them into emergent assemblages. In adopting this term ‘assemblage’, which has been elaborated theoretically by Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and their many interlocutors, this article emphasizes both the mutability and the unpredictability of these formations. The artists who work in the gallery, for their part, make their art by assembling their chosen media. The processes by which they choose their media constitute assemblages as well, in that artists have to adapt their artistic visions to the materials that Zimbabwe's market can provide. Street dealers in gas also produce emergent assemblages against the backdrop of unpredictability. If they want to make natural gas available to consumers, dealers must shepherd their medium through an always emergent process of distribution. They participate in transnational networks of trade, but they also theorize innovative strategies of procurement, develop circuits of trust and loyalty, and conjure up visions of a predatory state. Like artists, they use their work to construct dynamic representations of the world around them. Artists may produce images, and dealers circulate gas, but this article shows that conceptualizing these practices in terms of ‘assemblages’ calls their commonalities into view. In doing so, it also demonstrates that these practices complicate easy distinctions between aesthetics, economics and politics.
A multiplex PCR for the identification of Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus sensu stricto and E. canadensis that infect human
Authors: Chen Fan , Liu Lei , He Qili , Huang Yan , Wang Wentao , Zhou Guo , Yu Wenjie , He Wei , Wang Qi , Zhang Guangjia , Liao Sha , Li Ruirui , Yang Liu , Yao Renxin , Wang Qian , Zhong Bo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEchinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.), Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus canadensis are the common causes of human echinococcosis in China. An accurate species identification tool for human echinococcosis is needed as the treatments and prognosis are different among species. The present work demonstrates a method for the simultaneous detection of these three Echinococcus species based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). Specific primers of this mPCR were designed based on the mitochondrial genes and determined by extensive tests. The method can successfully detect either separated or mixed target species, and generate expected amplicons of distinct size for each species. Sensitivity of the method was tested by serially diluted DNA, showing a detection threshold as less as 0.32 pg for both E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis, and 1.6 pg for E. multilocularis. Specificity assessed against 18 other parasites was found to be 100% except weakly cross-react with E. shiquicus. The assay was additionally applied to 69 echinococcosis patients and 38 healthy persons, confirming the high reliability of the method. Thus, the mPCR described here has high application potential for clinical identification purposes, and can further provide a useful tool for evaluation of serology and imaging method.
Culturally Responsive Supports for Metis Elders and Metis Family Caregivers
Authors: Cooper Elizabeth J. , Sanguins Julianne , Menec Verena , Chartrand Audrey Frances , Carter Sheila , Driedger S. Michelle 
Published: July 2019

RÉSUMÉMalgré une attention académique considérable au rôle de la famille des soignants avec la population générale, peu de recherches ont été menées avec les familles autochtones. Cette étude qualitative vise à combler cette lacune en se concentrant sur l’expérience des soignants Metis, fournir des soins aux adultes Metis plus âges. Des groupes de discussions et des entrevues ont été menés avec des aidants familiaux Metis (n - 79), aînés Metis (n - 11), et soignants officiels (n - 8). Bien qu’il existe de parallèles considérables dans les expériences des soins identifiés dans cette étude sur les Metis avec celles déjà documentées dans la littérature, il existe néanmoins des différences importantes pour la prestation des soins culturellement adaptés aux aînés Metis.
“Not Buried Yet”: Northern Responses to the Death of Jefferson Davis and the Stuttering Progress of Sectional Reconciliation
Authors: Cook Robert J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article, the first detailed scholarly assessment of northern responses to the death of former Confederate President Jefferson Davis in December 1889, contributes to ongoing academic debates over the troubled process of sectional reconciliation after the Civil War. Southern whites used their leader's funeral obsequies to assert not only their affection for the deceased but also their devotion to the Lost Cause that he had championed and embodied. Based on an analysis of northern newspapers and mass-circulation magazines in the two weeks after Davis's death, the essay demonstrates that many northerners, principally Republican politicians and editors, Union veterans, and African Americans, were outraged by southerners’ flagrant willingness to laud a man whom they regarded as the arch-traitor and that they remained opposed to reconciliation on southern terms. However, despite continuing concerns about public displays of affection for the Confederacy evident at the time of Davis's reinterment in Richmond in May 1893, northern opposition to the Lost Cause waned rapidly in the last decade of the nineteenth century. Full-blown sectional reconciliation occurred after the Republicans gave up on their efforts to enforce black voting rights in the South and President William McKinley's imperialist foreign policy necessitated, and to some degree garnered, support from southern whites. The death of Jefferson Davis, therefore, can be seen as an important event in the difficult transition from a heavily sectionalized postwar polity to a North-South rapprochement based heavily on political pragmatism, sentiment, nationalism, and white supremacism.
FORMAL REPRESENTATIONS OF DEPENDENCE AND GROUNDEDNESS
Authors: RIVELLO EDOARDO 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe study, in an abstract and general framework, formal representations of dependence and groundedness which occur in semantic theories of truth. Our goals are (a) to relate the different ways in which groundedness is defined according to the way dependence is represented and (b) to represent different notions of dependence as instances of a suitable generalisation of the mathematical notion of functional dependence.