bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological landscape elements: long-term monitoring in Great Britain, the Countryside Survey 1978–2007 and beyond
Authors: Wood Claire M. , Bunce Robert G. H. , Norton Lisa R. , Maskell Lindsay C. , Smart Simon M. , Scott W. Andrew , Henrys Peter A. , Howard David C. , Wright Simon M. , Brown Michael J. , Scott Rod J. , Stuart Rick C. , Watkins John W. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The Countryside Survey (CS) of Great Britain (GB) provides a unique and statistically robust series of datasets, consisting of an extensive set of repeated ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 29 years. CS was first undertaken in 1978 to provide a baseline for ecological and land use change monitoring in the rural environment of GB, following a stratified random design, based on 1 km squares. Originally, eight random 1 km squares were drawn from each of 32 environmental classes, thus comprising 256 sample squares in the 1978 survey. The number of these sites increased to 382 in 1984, 506 in 1990, 569 in 1998 and 591 in 2007. Detailed information regarding vegetation types and land use was mapped in all five surveys, allowing reporting by defined standard habitat classifications. Additionally, point and linear landscape features (such as trees and hedgerows) are available from all surveys after 1978. From these stratified, randomly located sample squares, information can be converted into national estimates, with associated error terms. Other data, relating to soils, freshwater and vegetation, were also sampled on analogous dates. However, the present paper describes only the surveys of landscape features and habitats. The resulting datasets provide a unique, comprehensive, quantitative ecological coverage of extent and change in these features in GB. Basic results are presented and their implications discussed. However, much opportunity for further analyses remains. Data from each of the survey years are available via the following DOIs: Landscape area data 1978: https://doi.org/10.5285/86c017ba-dc62-46f0-ad13-c862bf31740e, 1984: https://doi.org/10.5285/b656bb43-448d-4b2c-aade-7993aa243ea3, 1990: https://doi.org/10.5285/94f664e5-10f2-4655-bfe6-44d745f5dca7, 1998: https://doi.org/10.5285/1e050028-5c55-42f4-a0ea-c895d827b824, and 2007: https://doi.org/10.5285/bf189c57-61eb-4339-a7b3-d2e81fdde28d; Landscape linear feature data 1984: https://doi.org/10.5285/a3f5665c-94b2-4c46-909e-a98be97857e5, 1990: https://doi.org/10.5285/311daad4-bc8c-485a-bc8a-e0d054889219, 1998: https://doi.org/10.5285/8aaf6f8c-c245-46bb-8a2a-f0db012b2643 and 2007: https://doi.org/10.5285/e1d31245-4c0a-4dee-b36c-b23f1a697f88, Landscape point feature data 1984: https://doi.org/10.5285/124b872e-036e-4dd3-8316-476b5f42c16e, 1990: https://doi.org/10.5285/1481bc63-80d7-4d18-bcba-8804aa0a9e1b, 1998: https://doi.org/10.5285/ed10944f-40c8-4913-b3f5-13c8e844e153 and 2007: https://doi.org/10.5285/55dc5fd7-d3f7-4440-b8a7-7187f8b0550b.
Examining controls on peak annual streamflow and floods in the Fraser River Basin of British Columbia
Authors: Curry Charles L. , Zwiers Francis W. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The Fraser River Basin (FRB) of British Columbia is one of the largest and
most important watersheds in western North America, and home to a rich
diversity of biological species and economic assets that depend implicitly
upon its extensive riverine habitats. The hydrology of the FRB is dominated
by snow accumulation and melt processes, leading to a prominent annual peak
streamflow invariably occurring in May–July. Nevertheless, while annual peak
daily streamflow (APF) during the spring freshet in the FRB is historically
well correlated with basin-averaged, 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE),
there are numerous occurrences of anomalously large APF in below- or
near-normal SWE years, some of which have resulted in damaging floods in the
region. An imperfect understanding of which other climatic factors contribute
to these anomalously large APFs hinders robust projections of their magnitude
and frequency. We employ the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) process-based hydrological
model driven by gridded observations to investigate the key controlling
factors of anomalous APF events in the FRB and four of its subbasins that
contribute nearly 70 % of the annual flow at Fraser-Hope. The relative
influence of a set of predictors characterizing the interannual variability
of rainfall, snowfall, snowpack (characterized by the annual maximum value,
SWEmax), soil moisture and temperature on simulated APF at Hope
(the main outlet of the FRB) and at the subbasin outlets is examined within a
regression framework. The influence of large-scale climate modes of
variability (the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the
El Niño–Southern Oscillation – ENSO) on APF magnitude is also assessed,
and placed in context with these more localized controls. The results
indicate that next to SWEmax (univariate Spearman correlation
with APF of ρ^ = 0.64; 0.70 (observations; VIC simulation)),
the snowmelt rate (ρ^ = 0.43 in VIC), the ENSO and PDO indices
(ρ^ = −0.40; −0.41) and (ρ^ = −0.35;
−0.38), respectively, and rate of warming subsequent to the date of
SWEmax (ρ^ = 0.26; 0.38), are the most influential
predictors of APF magnitude in the FRB and its subbasins. The identification
of these controls on annual peak flows in the region may be of use in
understanding seasonal predictions or future projected streamflow changes.
Enhancing flood hazard estimation methods on alluvial fans using an integrated hydraulic, geological and geomorphological approach
Authors: Mollaei Zeinab , Davary Kamran , Hasheminia Seyed Majid , Faridhosseini Alireza , Pourmohamad Yavar 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Due to the uncertainty concerning the location of flow paths on active
alluvial fans, alluvial fan floods could be more dangerous than riverine
floods. The United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) used a
simple stochastic model named FAN for this purpose, which has been practiced
for many years. In the last decade, this model has been criticized as a
consequence of development of more complex computer models. This study was
conducted on three alluvial fans located in northeast and southeast Iran
using a combination of the FAN model, the hydraulic portion of the FLO-2D model, and
geomorphological information. Initial stages included three steps:
(a) identifying the alluvial fans' landforms, (b) determining the active and
inactive areas of alluvial fans, and (c) delineating 100-year flood within
these selected areas. This information was used as an input in the mentioned
three approaches of the (i) FLO-2D model, (ii) geomorphological method, and
(iii) FAN model. Thereafter, the results of each model were obtained and
geographical information system (GIS) layers were created and overlaid.
Afterwards, using a scoring system, the results were evaluated and compared.
The goal of this research was to introduce a simple but effective solution
to estimate the flood hazards. It was concluded that the integrated method
proposed in this study is superior at projecting alluvial fan flood
hazards with minimum required input data, simplicity, and affordability, which
are considered the primary goals of such comprehensive studies. These
advantages are more highlighted in underdeveloped and developing
countries, which may well lack detailed data and financially cannot
support such costly projects. Furthermore, such a highly cost-effective
method could be greatly advantageous and pragmatic for developed countries.
Satellite images survey for the identification of the coastal sedimentary system changes and associated vulnerability along the western bay of the Gulf of Tunis (northern Africa)
Authors: Hzami Abderraouf , Amrouni Oula , Romanescu Gheorghe , Constantin Stoleriu Cristian , Mihu-Pintilie Alin , Saâdi Abdeljaouad 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The aim of this study consists in testing the effectiveness of satellite data in order to monitoring shoreline and sedimentary features changes, especially the rapidly changing of Gulf of Tunis coast. The study area is located in the Gulf of Tunis western bay (Southern Mediterranean Sea) which is characterized by sandy beaches of Ghar Melah and Raoued (Medjerda Delta area). The aerial photographs and satellite imageries were used for mapping the evolution of shoreline. Diachronic data (satellite imagery, aerial photography and topographic maps) were used to monitor and to quantify, the evolution of the coastal areas. These thematic data were digitally overlaid and vectorised for highlighting the shoreline changes between 1936 and 2016, in order to map the rate of erosion and accretion along the shoreline. Results show that the accretion and degradation are related to the Medjerda: change of outlet in 1973 and impoundment of the Sidi Salem dam in 1982. We found that the general trend of the coastal geomorphic processes can be monitored with satellite imageries (such as Sentinel A2, Spots 4 and 5), due to its repetitive coverage along the time and their high quality concerning the spectral contrast between land and sea areas. Improved satellite imageries with high resolution should be a valuable tool for complementing traditional methods for mapping and assessing the sedimentary structures (such as shoreline, delta, marine bars), and monitoring especially the lowlands coastal areas (slightly eroded).
Relative performance of empirical and physical models in assessing the seasonal and annual glacier surface mass balance of Saint-Sorlin Glacier (French Alps)
Authors: Réveillet Marion , Six Delphine , Vincent Christian , Rabatel Antoine , Dumont Marie , Lafaysse Matthieu , Morin Samuel , Vionnet Vincent , Litt Maxime 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. This study focuses on simulations of the seasonal and annual surface
mass balance (SMB) of Saint-Sorlin Glacier (French Alps) for the
period 1996–2015 using the detailed SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus snowpack
model. The model is forced by SAFRAN meteorological reanalysis data,
adjusted with automatic weather station (AWS) measurements to ensure that simulations of all the
energy balance components, in particular turbulent fluxes, are
accurately represented with respect to the measured energy
balance. Results indicate good model performance for the simulation
of summer SMB when using meteorological forcing adjusted with
in situ measurements. Model performance however strongly decreases
without in situ meteorological measurements. The sensitivity of the
model to meteorological forcing indicates a strong sensitivity to
wind speed, higher than the sensitivity to ice albedo. Compared to
an empirical approach, the model exhibited better performance for
simulations of snow and firn melting in the accumulation area and
similar performance in the ablation area when forced with
meteorological data adjusted with nearby AWS measurements. When such
measurements were not available close to the glacier, the empirical
model performed better. Our results suggest that simulations of the
evolution of future mass balance using an energy balance model
require very accurate meteorological data. Given the uncertainties in the temporal
evolution of the relevant meteorological variables and glacier
surface properties in the future, empirical approaches based on
temperature and precipitation could be more appropriate for
simulations of glaciers in the future.
Workplace Barriers and Leadership Conflicts Experienced by the Women in Higher Education in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsubhi Afaf Awad , Hoque Kazi Enamul , Abdul Razak Ahmad Zabidi 
Published: April 2018

Based on the published scholarly works, this paper attempts to explore and accumulate the challenges and barriers that Saudi women leaders in higher education are experiencing in their professional lives. For this purpose, literature review method has been adopted. Relevant scholarly articles published in 2004 to 2017 have been rigorously studied and cited. Findings of this paper suggest that women leaders in higher education generally experience assorted challenges, such as 1) socio-cultural, 2) organizational, 3) economical and 4) personal. They also encounter eight workplace berries, such as 1) gender-based stereotypes, 2) work-life conflict, 3) self-imposed constraints, 4) social network limitations, 5) biased organizational policies, 6) non-gender-based discrimination, 7) inadequate qualification and 8) minimal existing representation. The findings also suggest that these challenges and barriers decrease the job-performances of the women leaders while igniting conflicts with their male counterparts. This paper can be helpful to the policy maker in formulating effective solutions for women leadership conflicts in Saudi Arabia. Besides, it may create new scopes for the researchers and academicians to conduct empirical studies in this very realm.
Romper el silencio: necesidades de información y comunicación de los migrantes centroamericanos en México
Authors: Barros Guillermo 
Published: April 2018

The spread of violence in Central America has diversifed the profle of people forced to fee their countries. Refugees and other undocumented migrants have different nationalities, ages or socio-economic status. But they all agree on something: they need reliable information to make decisions on an extremely dangerous journey. This research analyzes the information needs of migrants, their ways and resources to cover them and the role of technologies to help them or put them at greater risk. The study concludes that communication is a priority and many prefer invest their scant economical resources to be in touch with their families over food or shelter. Most of the interviewees were travelling with their own cell phones or wanted to get one. They were connected to social networks and starting to use apps like Google Maps. Mainly young and urban, migrants are gaining more knowledge to take advantage of these digital tools.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 149, 2017: 3-36
Retos de la comunicación en Centroamérica. El muro de los linchamientos: el discurso de las audiencias ante noticias sobre pandillas en Facebook
Authors: Carballo Willian 
Published: April 2018

Every time a news about gangs is reported in digital newspapers - whether these are the perpetrators or that one of their members has been killed - the media feedback platforms are filled with different reactions from the readers. The discourse of these news has already been well studied. However, there is no analysis of how audiences perceive such information and react to it. Taking into account that gap, this research took as a sample the comments of the readers posted on Facebook after the journalistic publication of two violent acts related to gang members. The speech reflects a contradiction among the readers: on the one hand, they repudiate the violence exerted by the gangs; and on the other, they justify it and even demand it and cause them rejoicing when the sufferer is a member of gangs. A narrative coherent with the journalistic stories, which have incited fear and encouraged the strong hand as a solution. Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 149, 2017: 147-169
Retos de la comunicación en Centroamérica. Derecho a la comunicación, género y ciudadanía: cambio social y empoderamiento de las mujeres a través de los medios comunitarios
Authors: Tornay Márquez María Cruz 
Published: April 2018

The recognition of the right to communicate in some Latin American countries has helped to achieve one of the demands that different agencies and international actors have positioned from the sixties as a strategic element related to the plurality and the democratic quality of societies. From an intersectional perspective, access to the right to communication from the new legislative frameworks in the region is an opportunity to dispute senses by those historically excluded from the mass media populations, such as indigenous and afrodescendant women. This article describes the right to communication as related to the construction of citizenship element, empowerment and social change is located, from the experience of two groups of afrodescendant and indigenous women in community radio stations of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Ecuador. Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 149, 2017: 171-197
A Full 3-D Finite Element Analysis of Group Interaction Effect on Laterally Loaded Piles
Authors: Alkloub Amer , Allouzi Rabab , Alkloub Haider , Al-Ajarmeh Ramia 
Published: April 2018

Piles are used for many types of structures to resist vertical and lateral loads. Design considerations of piles under lateral load are very crucial because the lateral performance of the pile foundations significantly influences the integrity of the structures supported by group of piles. Finite element study has been conducted to investigate the group interaction effect on the laterally loaded piles. This study investigates three factors, piles spacing, group arrangement, and group size. It has been concluded that: (1) As the piles spacing increases as the reduction factor increases and becomes close to one. (2) No reduction due to group interaction for piles spaced at eight times the pile diameter. (3) Group efficiency factor increases in piles that are arranged in a single row. (4) As the number of piles increases more reduction in the lateral resistance occurs.
Beyond “Hero-based” Management: Revisiting HRM Practices for Managing Collective Expertise
Authors: Lelebina Olga , Gand Sébastien 
Published: April 2018

While expert knowledge is a crucial resource for large science-based companies, management of the specific population of experts remains a sensitive issue for the HRM. In order to recognize and retain these employees, companies traditionally implement a dual ladder—a career management tool that proposes an alternative technical career track to the managerial one, thus allowing recognition of an expert status in the organization. However, multiple studies have demonstrated that the implementation of a dual ladder does not bring the expected results. While previous research has investigated the individual aspirations of experts as possible reasons for their dissatisfaction with this managerial tool, we show the importance of the collective dimension of expertise and claim that the latter is insufficiently supported by HRM practices.
Drawing on a case study in a large multinational firm, we explore the consequences of individualized practices on expert work and discuss the role of HRM in dealing with so-called “hero-based” management. The findings show that individualized practices could endanger the learning and innovation capacities of the firm and compromise processes such as decision making and problem solving. It could also jeopardize the continuity of expertise from a long-term perspective as younger generations refuse to align with a “hero-based” culture. Despite such a strategic challenge, HR managers experience difficulties in reinforcing the collective dimension of expertise. This opens up new perspectives for the HRM function that could lead the management of experts towards new horizons by supporting the fragile equilibrium between “agency” and “communion” in expertise processes.
Prévenir les risques psychosociaux : une étude des perceptions et des pratiques des employeurs
Authors: Weissbrodt Rafaël , Arial Marc , Graf Maggie , Ben Jemia Tarek , Villaret D’Anna Christine , Giauque David 
Published: April 2018

L’article porte sur les pratiques mises en oeuvre pour prévenir les risques psychosociaux (RPS) dans les entreprises. Selon les connaissances scientifiques actuelles, réduire ces risques requiert une approche intégrée qui vise à développer les ressources collectives et individuelles des travailleurs, ainsi qu’à réduire leurs contraintes professionnelles. Toutefois très peu de publications ont porté sur la façon dont les employeurs appréhendent effectivement ces questions. L’objectif de cette étude est de mieux comprendre les pratiques de prévention déclarées par des dirigeants d’entreprises, en relation avec la manière dont ils perçoivent l’exposition de leur personnel aux RPS. Nous avons élaboré un cadre d’analyse exploratoire des relations entre la prévention des RPS, la perception des facteurs de risques par les employeurs et diverses caractéristiques des entreprises. Ce cadre a servi de base à une enquête auprès de 404 établissements.
À partir d’analyses factorielles et de régressions multiples, l’étude a fait émerger deux modes de prévention : 1- des mesures de gestion spécifique des RPS axées sur les procédures et la formation et liées principalement au risque d’atteinte à l’intégrité personnelle (harcèlement, agressions, discrimination, confrontation à des événements traumatisants) ; et 2- des mesures d’amélioration générale des conditions de travail (organisation, horaires, équipements et environnement de travail) qui peuvent contribuer à renforcer les ressources, mais que les employeurs ne perçoivent guère comme de la prévention des RPS. Les pratiques sont liées à des variables structurelles, ainsi qu’aux modes de participation et de gestion des risques professionnels dans leur ensemble, davantage qu’à la perception de l’employeur concernant l’exposition aux RPS.
Les résultats soulignent deux défis pour les autorités. Le premier consiste à faire adopter par les entreprises une approche plus globale, non centrée sur les phénomènes de harcèlement. Le second réside dans le renforcement de mesures de prévention ayant un impact favorable sur l’activité réelle de travail.
Safety of Osteopathic Cranial Manipulative Medicine as an Adjunct to Conventional Postconcussion Symptom Management: A Pilot Study
Authors: Patel Komal G. , Sabini Rosanna C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Context
Osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine is not a well-established adjunct to conventional treatment for patients with postconcussion symptoms.

Objective
To determine whether adjunctive osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine is safe for patients with concussion when accompanied by conventional treatments.

Design
Prospective observational pilot study.

Setting
Outpatient concussion clinic.

Participants
Patients who sustained a concussion were prospectively recruited from an outpatient concussion clinic by a neuropsychologist specialized in concussion. All participants were identified to have a cranial dysfunction.

Intervention
Each eligible participant received 1 session of the osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine vault hold technique.

Main Outcome Measures
Self-reported adverse events during or after 1 session of the osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine procedure and improvement in concussion symptoms at return to follow-up.

Results
None of the 9 participants reported adverse events during or immediately after receiving osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine. Five of the 7 participants who returned for follow-up demonstrated improvement in their overall concussion symptoms based on the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale scores.

Conclusions
Osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine was considered a safe adjunctive treatment option to improve concussion-related symptoms and recovery.