bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based policy en de doorwerking van sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek: are we there yet?
Authors: Smet Valérie 
Published: August 2019

Evidence-based policy en de doorwerking van sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek: are we there yet?
Internationaal stijgt de aandacht voor evidence-based policy (EBP); de term duikt steeds vaker op in het beleidsdiscours. Het empirisch onderzoek naar kennisgebruik en doorwerking van wetenschappelijk onderzoek is evenwel eerder gelimiteerd, al bestaat er consensus dat de doorwerking van sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek beperkt is. De vraag stelt zich of het recente EBP-discours hierin verandering kan brengen. Kan EBP leiden tot meer doorwerking van sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek, gelet op de inherente kenmerken van beleid en wetenschappelijk onderzoek die belangrijke obstakels blijken te vormen voor kennisgebruik en doorwerking? Kunnen we in Vlaanderen reeds spreken over een EBP? Wat verstaan beleidsmakers onder ‘evidence-based’? Is een EBP überhaupt mogelijk? Wat zijn de belangrijkste obstakels voor kennisgebruik volgens beleidsmakers en wat zijn de belangrijkste gebruiksverhogende factoren? In dit artikel wordt aan de hand van een literatuurstudie, een bevraging van (Vlaamse) beleidsmakers en een citaats- en inhoudsanalyse van Vlaamse parlementaire bronnen gepoogd een antwoord te bieden op deze vragen.
Hybrid K Based Influential Parameter Determination and Design Optimization of 220 kV High Voltage Insulator
Authors: Goswami Anik , Sadhu Paromita , Sadhu Pradip Kumar 
Published: August 2019

Insulator failure generally occurs due to improper design, and if there exists sharp edges over the insulator surface. There is a need to detect the fragile parameters in the insulator design as they can cause large electrical stress, leading to insulation failure. In this paper, machine learning based approach is used to identify the fragile design parameter and thus determine an optimized design of the insulator, which will eventually decrease the voltage stress over it. A 220 kV insulator is designed and electric field intensity and potential distribution for an assembly of live, ground and insulator is calculated for different geometries. The design parameters of the insulator are considered and varied. The electric field is calculated for the whole assembly of insulator to generate the most optimized design. The optimized design reduces the overall stress by 13.12 %.
Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology in Pediatric Thyroid Nodules: Experience of a Tertiary Care Referral Center
Authors: Heider Amer , Arnold Stacy , Jing Xin 
Published: August 2019

Context.—The Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer from The American Thyroid Association recommends fine-needle aspiration (FNA) as an essential tool for evaluation and management of pediatric thyroid nodules, and The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) as a guideline to categorize FNA cytologic findings. A few publications have focused on TBSRTC categorization in children.Objective.—To evaluate our institutional experience of using TBSRTC in the pediatric population.Design.—We conducted a retrospective data search for thyroid FNA specimens from patients younger than 21 years who were assessed by using TBSRTC categorization between January 1, 2011, and September 30, 2017. Cytologic and histologic diagnoses, rate of surgical follow-up, rate of histology-proven malignancy, and cytologic-histologic concordance were assessed in comparison with our previously published adult experience.Results.—Among a total of 201 specimens, benign category accounted for 103 (51.2%), followed by 35 (17.4%) malignant, 30 (14.9%) atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), 14 (7.0%) nondiagnostic, 10 (5.0%) follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN), and 9 (4.5%) suspicious for malignancy (SFM) categories. Surgeries were subsequently performed in 100 of the 201 cases (49.8%). All surgically removed nodules categorized as malignant and SFM by FNA showed malignancy, while malignancy was evident in various proportions of specimens classified as AUS/FLUS (5 of 16; 31.3%), FN/SFN (1 of 9; 11.1%), and nondiagnostic (1 of 7; 14.2%). No malignancy was identified in the benign category. Cytologic-histologic concordance achieved 100% in malignant, SFM, and FN/SFN categories, and exceeded beyond 85% and 50% for benign and AUS/FLUS categories, respectively.Conclusions.—TBSRTC is effective for appropriate categorization of pediatric thyroid nodules. Risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules is higher for the pediatric than adult population. Understanding the difference in TBSRTC categorization between children and adults may aid in achieving more appropriate evaluation and management of pediatric thyroid nodules.
In-vivo Study on Organometallic Compounds as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Mohammed F. Z. , Elsayed Elsherbiny H. , Elbaky Atef E. Abd , Shalaby H. M. 
Published: August 2019

This study aims to study the in-vivo anticancer effect of the synthesized copper complexes of 2,3-dihydroxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3a,b), followed by evaluating their antioxidant activity. Materials and methods: A total number of 80 adult female swiss albino mice weighing 20-25 gm were divided into 8 groups (10 mice /each group). The acute toxicity was estimated by intraperitoneal injection of the compounds (3a, b). Results: We found that, 5 mg /kg and 10 mg /kg were considered to be the most effective dose of compounds 3a & 3b, respectively. The mean volume of EAC in the positive control group was found to be 4.2 ±0.5 (mL), this value was significantly decreased by 100%, (p<0.001) for 3a & 3b treated groups, respectively.
A Comparative Analysis of Selected Fisher Linear Discriminant Based Algorithms in Human Faces
Authors: Okediran Oladotun O. , Ashaolu Temitope O. , Omidiora Elijah O. 
Published: August 2019

One of the most reliable biometrics when issues of access control and security is been considered is face recognition. An integral part of a face recognition system is the feature extraction stage, which becomes a critical problem where is a need to obtain the best feature with minimum classification error and low running time. Many of the existing face recognition systems have adopted different linear discriminant-based algorithms independently for feature extraction in which excellent performance were achieved, but identifying the best most suitable of these variants of linear discriminant-based algorithms for face recognition systems remains a subject open for research. Therefore, this paper carried out a comparative analysis of the performance of the basic Linear Discriminant Algorithm (LDA) and two of its variants which are Kernel Linear Discriminant Analysis (KLDA) and Multiclass Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA) in face recognition application for access control.
Three Hundred and forty (340) face images were locally acquired with default size of 1200 x 1200. Two hundred and forty (240) images were used for training while the remaining hundred (100) images were used for testing purpose. The image enhancement involves converting into grayscale and normalizing the acquired images using histogram equalization method. Feature extraction and dimension reduction of the images were done using each of LDA, KLDA and MLDA algorithms individually. The extracted feature subsets of the images from each of LDA, KLDA and MLDA algorithm were individually classified using Euclidian distance. This technique was implemented using Matrix Laboratory (R2015a). The performance of LDA, KLDA and MLDA was evaluated and compared at 200 x 200 pixel resolution and 0.57 threshold value using recognition accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, training time and recognition time.
The evaluation result shows that the LDA algorithm yielded recognition accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, training time and recognition time of 93.00%, 92.86%, 93.33%, 6.67%, 1311.76 seconds and 67.98 seconds respectively. Also, KLDA recorded recognition accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, training time and recognition time of 95.00%, 95.71%, 93.33%, 6.67%, 1393.24 seconds and 63.67 seconds respectively. Furthermore, MLDA algorithm yielded recognition accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, training time and recognition time of 97.00%, 97.14%, 96.67%, 3.33%, 1191.55 seconds and 58.65 seconds respectively. The t-test measured between the accuracies of MLDA algorithm and KLDA reveals that MLDA algorithm was statistically significant at . Also, the t-test measured between the accuracies of MLDA algorithm and LDA reveals that MLDA algorithm was statistically significant at .
Causality for Decision‐Making
Authors: Cox Louis A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRational decisions seek to cause preferred outcomes by selecting actions or policies that make them more likely. Decision optimization models therefore typically include causal models of how outcome probabilities depend on the decision maker's choices, as well as on other direct causes such as the uncontrollable state of nature – a catchall term for causes of outcomes that the decision maker cannot choose. These causal models are often left implicit in the objective functions (e.g., expected utility) that the decision maker seeks to maximize and in the constraints on allowed values of decision variables. Making them explicit through causal network models that display the dependencies (indicated by arrows) among decision variables and other uncertain quantities (represented as nodes in the network) allows a variety of network‐based algorithms to be used to solve for optimal decisions and invites natural extensions to include choices over time by multiple decision makers. This article reviews causal network models and optimization algorithms for single and multiple decision makers.
Amborella– Bearing Witness to the Past?
Authors: Poncet Valérie , Birnbaum Philippe , Burtet‐Sarramegna Valérie , de Kochko Alexandre , Fogliani Bruno , Gâteblé Gildas , Isnard Sandrine , Jaffré Tanguy , Job Dominique , Munoz François , Munzinger Jérôme , Scutt Charles P. , Tournebize Rémi , Trueba Santiago , Pillon Yohan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmborella trichopoda(Amborellaceae) is a shrub endemic to New Caledonia in the Southwest Pacific region. This plant suddenly became famous when molecular phylogenetic studies revealed that this sole species is likely the sister taxon to all other angiosperms. It has thus been a prime research model for reconstructing plant evolution and gaining insight into what the earliest angiosperms looked like. A wealth of studies onAmborellahave now shed considerable light on its genome, morphology, anatomy, physiology, development, and architecture – this research is reviewed in this article. WhileAmborellalikely retained some ancestral traits, critical character reconstructions have also highlighted some derived and sometimes unique characters in this species. The history ofAmborellais also tied to the South Pacific archipelago of New Caledonia, its homeland. It was part of the New Caledonian biogeography puzzle and its genetic history shed light on the dynamics of its ecosystem, the rainforest understorey.Amborellais now cultivated in botanical gardens and has been the focus of some conservation measures that will also benefit other species in this biodiversity hotspot.
High Ambipolar Mobility in a Neutral Radical Gold Dithiolene Complex
Authors: Mizuno Asato , Benjamin Helen , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Shuku Yoshiaki , Matsushita Michio M. , Robertson Neil , Awaga Kunio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new anionic gold dithiolene complex NBu4·[1] is synthesized from the (1‐((1,1‐biphenyl)‐4‐yl‐)‐ethylene‐1,2‐dithiolene ligand 1, and the cis and trans isomers are separated by recrystallization. The trans isomer is oxidized via electrocrystallisation to the neutral gold dithiolene complex 2. Complex 2 crystalizes in 1D chains, held together by short (3.30–3.37 Å) S–S contacts, which are packed in a herringbone arrangement in the ab‐plane. The complex exhibits semiconductor behavior (σRT = 1.5 × 10−4 S cm−1) at room temperature with a small activation energy (Ea = 0.11 eV), with greater conductivity along the stacking direction. The charge transport behavior of complex 2 is further investigated in single‐crystal field‐effect transistor (FET) measurements, the first such measurements reported for gold dithiolene complexes. Complex 2 shows incredibly balanced ambipolar behavior in the single‐crystal field‐effect transistor (SC‐FET), with high charge‐carrier mobilities of 0.078 cm2 V−1 s−1, the highest ambipolar mobilities reported for metal dithiolene complexes. This well‐balanced behavior, along with the activated conductivity and band structure calculations, suggests that 2 behaves as a Mott insulator. The magnetic properties are also studied by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry and solid state 1H NMR, with evidence of a nonmagnetic ground state at low temperature.
Surface Engineered Polymersomes for Enhanced Modulation of Dendritic Cells During Cardiovascular Immunotherapy
Authors: Yi Sijia , Zhang Xiaohan , Sangji M. Hussain , Liu Yugang , Allen Sean D. , Xiao Baixue , Bobbala Sharan , Braverman Cameron L. , Cai Lei , Hecker Peter I. , DeBerge Matthew , Thorp Edward B. , Temel Ryan E. , Stupp Samuel I. , Scott Evan A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe principle cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by immunologically complex fatty lesions within the intima of arterial vessel walls. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of atherosclerotic inflammation, with mature DCs generating pro‐inflammatory signals within vascular lesions and tolerogenic DCs eliciting atheroprotective cytokine profiles and regulatory T‐cell (Treg) activation. Here, the surface chemistry and morphology of synthetic nanocarriers composed of poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(propylene sulfide) copolymers to enhance the targeted modulation of DCs by transporting the anti‐inflammatory agent 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3‐(aVD) and ApoB‐100‐derived antigenic peptide P210 are engineered. Polymersomes decorated with an optimized surface display and density for a lipid construct of the P‐D2 peptide, which binds CD11c on the DC surface, significantly enhance the cytosolic delivery and resulting immunomodulatory capacity of aVD in vitro. Weekly low‐dose intravenous administration of DC‐targeted, aVD‐loaded polymersomes significantly inhibit atherosclerotic lesion development in high‐fat‐diet‐fed ApoE−/− mice. The results validate the key role of DC immunomodulation during aVD‐dependent inhibition of atherosclerosis and demonstrate the therapeutic enhancement and dosage lowering capability of cell‐targeted nanotherapy in the treatment of CVD.
A Versatile Biosynthetic Hydrogel Platform for Engineering of Tissue Analogues
Authors: Klotz Barbara J. , Oosterhoff Loes A. , Utomo Lizette , Lim Khoon S. , Vallmajo‐Martin Queralt , Clevers Hans , Woodfield Tim B. F. , Rosenberg Antoine J. W. P. , Malda Jos , Ehrbar Martin , Spee Bart , Gawlitta Debby 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor creating functional tissue analogues in tissue engineering, stem cells require very specific 3D microenvironments to thrive and mature. Demanding (stem) cell types that are used nowadays can find such an environment in a heterogeneous protein mixture with the trade name Matrigel. Several variations of synthetic hydrogel platforms composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which are spiked with peptides, have been recently developed and shown equivalence to Matrigel for stem cell differentiation. Here a clinically relevant hydrogel platform, based on PEG and gelatin, which even outperforms Matrigel when targeting 3D prevascularized bone and liver organoid tissue engineering models is presented. The hybrid hydrogel with natural and synthetic components stimulates efficient cell differentiation, superior to Matrigel models. Furthermore, the strength of this hydrogel lies in the option to covalently incorporate unmodified proteins. These results demonstrate how a hybrid hydrogel platform with intermediate biological complexity, when compared to existing biological materials and synthetic PEG‐peptide approaches, can efficiently support tissue development from human primary cells.
Genetically Programmable Self‐Regenerating Bacterial Hydrogels
Authors: Duraj‐Thatte Anna M. , Courchesne Noémie‐Manuelle Dorval , Praveschotinunt Pichet , Rutledge Jarod , Lee Yuhan , Karp Jeffrey M. , Joshi Neel S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA notable challenge for the design of engineered living materials (ELMs) is programming a cellular system to assimilate resources from its surroundings and convert them into macroscopic materials with specific functions. Here, an ELM that uses Escherichia coli as its cellular chassis and engineered curli nanofibers as its extracellular matrix component is demonstrated. Cell‐laden hydrogels are created by concentrating curli‐producing cultures. The rheological properties of the living hydrogels are modulated by genetically encoded factors and processing steps. The hydrogels have the ability to grow and self‐renew when placed under conditions that facilitate cell growth. Genetic programming enables the gels to be customized to interact with different tissues of the gastrointestinal tract selectively. This work lays a foundation for the application of ELMs with therapeutic functions and extended residence times in the gut.
Enabling Robust Self‐Folding Origami by Pre‐Biasing Vertex Buckling Direction
Authors: Kang Ji‐Hwan , Kim Hyunki , Santangelo Christian D. , Hayward Ryan C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSelf‐folding is a powerful approach to fabricate materials with complex 3D forms and advanced properties using planar patterning steps, but suffers from intrinsic limitations in robustness due to the highly bifurcated nature of configuration space around the flat state. Here, a simple mechanism is introduced to achieve robust self‐folding of microscale origami by separating actuation into two discrete steps using different thermally responsive hydrogels. First, the vertices are pre‐biased to move in the desired direction from the flat state by selectively swelling one of the two hydrogels at high temperature. Subsequently, the creases are folded toward their target angles by activating swelling of the second hydrogel upon cooling to room temperature. Since each vertex can be individually programmed to move upward or downward, it is possible to robustly select the desired branch even in multi‐vertex structures with reasonably high complexity. This strategy provides key new principles for designing shaping‐morphing materials that avoid undesired distractor states, expanding their potential applications in areas such as soft robotics, sensors, mechanical metamaterials, and deployable devices.
Self‐Supporting, Flexible, Additive‐Free, and Scalable Hard Carbon Paper Self‐Interwoven by 1D Microbelts: Superb Room/Low‐Temperature Sodium Storage and Working Mechanism
Authors: Hou Bao‐Hua , Wang Ying‐Ying , Ning Qiu‐Li , Li Wen‐Hao , Xi Xiao‐Tong , Yang Xu , Liang Hao‐Jie , Feng Xi , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHard carbon is regarded as a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, it usually suffers from the issues of low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor rate performance, severely hindering its practical application. Herein, a flexible, self‐supporting, and scalable hard carbon paper (HCP) derived from scalable and renewable tissue is rationally designed and prepared as practical additive‐free anode for room/low‐temperature SIBs with high ICE. In ether electrolyte, such HCP achieves an ICE of up to 91.2% with superior high‐rate capability, ultralong cycle life (e.g., 93% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 200 mA g−1) and outstanding low‐temperature performance. Working mechanism analyses reveal that the plateau region is the rate‐determining step for HCP with a lower electrochemical reaction kinetics, which can be significantly improved in ether electrolyte.
Mechanoresponsive Polymerized Liquid Metal Networks
Authors: Thrasher Carl J. , Farrell Zachary J. , Morris Nicholas J. , Willey Carson L. , Tabor Christopher E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRoom‐temperature liquid metals, such as nontoxic gallium alloys, show enormous promise to revolutionize stretchable electronics for next‐generation soft robotic, e‐skin, and wearable technologies. Core–shell particles of liquid metal with surface‐bound acrylate ligands are synthesized and polymerized together to create cross‐linked particle networks comprising >99.9% liquid metal by weight. When stretched, particles within these polymerized liquid metal networks (Poly‐LMNs) rupture and release their liquid metal payload, resulting in a rapid 108‐fold increase in the network's conductivity. These networks autonomously form hierarchical structures that mitigate the deleterious effects of strain on electronic performance and give rise to emergent properties. Notable characteristics include nearly constant resistances over large strains, electronic strain memory, and increasing volumetric conductivity with strain to over 20 000 S cm−1 at >700% elongation. Furthermore, these Poly‐LMNs exhibit exceptional performance as stretchable heaters, retaining 96% of their areal power across relevant physiological strains. Remarkable electromechanical properties, responsive behaviors, and facile processing make Poly‐LMNs ideal for stretchable power delivery, sensing, and circuitry.
Laser‐Induced Colloidal Writing of Organometallic Precursor–Based Repeatable and Fast Pd–Ni Hydrogen Sensor
Authors: Rahamim Guy , Greenberg Ehud , Rajouâ Khalil , Favier Frederic , Shpaisman Hagay , Zitoun David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe advent of hydrogen economy brings new challenges in terms of safety and sensing with a need for fast and low‐cost monitoring of hydrogen concentration. Herein, a repeatable process for the fabrication of Pd‐based hydrogen sensor is presented. First, a room‐temperature reaction of organometallic precursors yields colloidal Pd/Ni alloyed nanoparticles. This organic solvent‐based colloidal dispersion shows stability over months even with a relatively high metal content (≈1 wt%). Then, a laser induced microbubble deposits the nanoparticles in predetermined patterns from a microdroplet dispersion that is placed on a glass slide. An optical microscope monitors the writing process while a multimeter measures the sensor's conductance, assessing the success of the fabrication process. The fabricated sensors demonstrate excellent hydrogen detection performance in terms of response time, signal stability, and detection limit down to 100 ppm of H2 in air at room temperature.