bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer photothermal ablation by low-power near-infrared laser and topical injection of indocyanine green
Authors: Hirohashi Kentaro , Anayama Takashi , Wada Hironobu , Nakajima Takahiro , Kato Tatsuya , Keshavjee Shaf , Orihashi Kazumasa , Yasufuku Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Surgical treatment is the gold standard for the treatment of early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. However, minimally invasive tumour ablation can be an alternative treatment for patients not eligible for surgery due to comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of photothermal ablation therapy using low-power near-infrared laser and topical injection of indocyanine green (ICG), a photosensitizer, in a preclinical study using a rabbit VX2 lung cancer model.

METHODS
Six New Zealand white rabbits were used. Five hundred microlitres of a suspension containing 0.5 × 107 VX2 cancer cells with growth factor-reduced Matrigel was inoculated into the right lung using an ultrathin bronchoscope. Three rabbits were treated with laser ablation therapy with topical injection of ICG, whereas another 3 rabbits were treated with laser ablation alone. All tumours were irradiated with a laser with 500-mW output at 808 nm for 15 min. The tumours were examined histopathologically to assess the state of ablation.

RESULTS
The maximum tumour surface temperatures in rabbits treated using ICG/laser and laser alone were higher than 58°C and lower than 40°C, respectively. The ablated areas in the rabbits treated with ICG/laser were significantly larger than those in the rabbits treated with laser alone (0.49 ± 0.27 vs 0.02 ± 0.002 cm2, respectively) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The photothermal treatment using the combination of low-power near-infrared laser and topical injection of ICG can ablate a larger tumour area than laser treatment alone.
Adrenocortical carcinoma arising from an adrenal adenoma in a young adult female
Authors: Rebielak Monica E , Wolf Mary R , Jordan Rebecca , Oxenberg Jacqueline C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy that often carries a poor prognosis whereas adrenal incidentalomas are relatively common findings on imaging. Although most adrenal lesions are benign, 15% of patients with ACC are diagnosed based on workup for an adrenal incidentaloma. Continued surveillance or surgical resection may be recommended depending on size. The risk of a benign, non-functional adrenal lesion becoming malignant is low. Therefore, adrenal lesions typically undergo surveillance for no more than 2 years in patients with stable findings and no history of malignancy. This case describes a young adult female with a benign left adrenal adenoma who was found to have high grade ACC 7 years later. Based on interval size increase with indeterminate density, patient underwent surgical resection with adjuvant radiation and medical therapy.
Nutritional strategies to modulate inflammation pathways via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ
Authors: da Cruz Beatriz O , Cardozo Ludmila F M de França , Magliano D’Angelo C , Stockler-Pinto Milena B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ has an important role in multiple inflammatory conditions, including obesity, hypertension, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune diseases. PPARβ/δ forms a heterodimer with the retinoic acid receptor and binds to peroxisome proliferator response elements to initiate transcription of its target genes. PPARβ/δ is also able to suppress the activities of several transcription factors, including nuclear factor κB, and activator protein 1, thus regulating anti-inflammatory cellular responses and playing a protective role in several diseases. Recent studies have shown that nutritional compounds, including nutrients and bioactive compounds, can regulate PPARβ/δ expression. This review discusses key nutritional compounds that are known to modulate PPARβ/δ and are likely to affect human health.
Alopecia After Switch to Tenofovir Alafenamide in 6 African American Women
Authors: El Zein Said , Tabaja Hussam , Kanj Amjad , Richmond Deborah , Veltman Jennifer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNo cases of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)–induced alopecia have been reported in the literature. We describe 6 cases of hair loss in African American female patients after switching to TAF and aim to raise awareness about this potential adverse effect of TAF, which could predominate in certain patient populations.
The Extended Pterional Craniotomy: A Contemporary and Balanced Approach
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Pterional craniotomy is the workhorse approach among cranial operative corridors. It is a highly flexible skull base approach that affords excellent exposure of the anterior cranial fossa, the circle of Willis, and the interpeduncular region. Its strategic use via dynamic retraction can obviate the need to use a more extensive skull base route, such as orbitozygomatic osteotomy, in select cases. The focus of the surgeon should be reaching the surgical target effectively while minimizing disruption of normal anatomy. In other words, the focus should be less on “how to get there” and more on “what to do when you are there.” This multimedia presentation summarizes an efficient execution of this route and its expansion and demonstrates the surgical corridor via 3-dimensional virtual reality models.
Perioperative Opioid Prescribing Patterns and Readmissions After Total Knee Arthroplasty in a National Cohort of Veterans Health Administration Patients
Authors: Mudumbai Seshadri C , Chung Paul , Nguyen Nick , Harris Brooke , Clark J David , Wagner Todd H , Giori Nicholas J , Stafford Randall S , Mariano Edward R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
Among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) nationally, what are the underlying readmission rates and associations with perioperative opioid use, and are there associations with other factors such as preoperative health care utilization?

Methods
We retrospectively examined the records of 5,514 TKA patients (primary N = 4,955, 89.9%; revision N = 559, 10.1%) over one fiscal year (October 1, 2010–September 30, 2011) across VHA hospitals nationwide. Opioid use was classified into no opioids, tramadol only, short-acting only, or any long-acting. We measured readmission within 30 days and the number of days to readmission within 30 days. Extended Cox regression models were developed.

Results
The overall 30-day hospital readmission rate was 9.6% (N = 531; primary 9.5%, revision 11.1%). Both readmitted patients and the overall sample were similar on types of preoperative opioid use. Relative to patients without opioids, patients in the short-acting opioids only tier had the highest risk for 30-day hospital readmission (hazard ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence interval = 1.14–1.67). Preoperative opioid status was not associated with 30-day readmission. Other risk factors for 30-day readmission included older age (≥66 years), higher comorbidity and diagnosis-related group weights, greater preoperative health care utilization, an urban location, and use of preoperative anticonvulsants.

Conclusions
Given the current opioid epidemic, the routine prescribing of short-acting opioids after surgery should be carefully considered to avoid increasing risks of 30-day hospital readmissions and other negative outcomes, particularly in the context of other predisposing factors.
Vulnerability to xylem embolism correlates to wood parenchyma fraction in angiosperms but not in gymnosperms
Authors: Kiorapostolou Natasa , Da Sois Luca , Petruzzellis Francesco , Savi Tadeja , Trifilò Patrizia , Nardini Andrea , Petit Giai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding which structural and functional traits are linked to species’ vulnerability to embolism formation (P50) may provide fundamental knowledge on plant strategies to maintain an efficient water transport. We measured P50, wood density (WD), mean conduit area, conduit density, percentage areas occupied by vessels, parenchyma cells (PATOT) and fibers (FA) on branches of angiosperm and gymnosperm species. Moreover, we compiled a dataset of published hydraulic and anatomical data to be compared with our results. Species more vulnerable to embolism had lower WD. In angiosperms, the variability in WD was better explained by PATOT and FA, which were highly correlated. Angiosperms with a higher P50 (less negative) had a higher amount of PATOT and total amount of nonstructural carbohydrates. Instead, in gymnosperms, P50 vs PATOT was not significant. The correlation between PATOT and P50 might have a biological meaning and also suggests that the causality of the commonly observed relationship of WD vs P50 is indirect and dependent on the parenchyma fraction. Our study suggests that angiosperms have a potential active embolism reversal capacity in which parenchyma has an important role, while in gymnosperms this might not be the case.
Evaluation of Dose Derived From HTO for Adults in the Vicinity of Qinshan Nuclear Power Base
Authors: Qin Lailai , Dai Zhongqin , Xia Zhenghai , Ma Yuhua , Deng Ke , Liu Jiayu , Ma Zhaowei , Zhang Qin , Yang Guo , Wei Fei , Wu Shengwei , Bao Guangliang , Liu Wei , Liu Guimin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tritium that is released from nuclear facilities, especially from nuclear reactor units, may be the main origination of tritium in the environment. Atmospheric tritiated water (HTO) is the main chemical form of tritium that is released from nuclear reactor units. HTO in the air, drinking water and foods should be monitored routinely to protect public from the radiological hazards of tritium. Here, concentrations of HTO in the air, drinking water and foods in the vicinity of Qinshan Nuclear Power (QNP) base were measured from 2012 to 2016. And based on the concentrations of HTO measured, annual dose equivalent and collective dose equivalent for adults were calculated to evaluate the radiological hazards derived from HTO. The annual dose equivalent for adults in Qinshan and Wuyuan communities were both far below the dose limit for public exposure, and both showed an increasing trend, indicating that great attention still should be payed to the releasing of tritium from nuclear reactor units in the QNP base.
Biological Dosimetry Network in Africa: Establishment of a Dose-Response Curve Using Telomere and Centromere Staining
Authors: Soumboundou Mamadou , Nkengurutse Innocent , Dossou Julien , Colicchio Bruno , Djebou Catherine , Gadji Macoura , Houenon Germain , Dem Ahmadou , Dedjan Alexandre , Diarra Mounibé , Adjibade Rachad , Finot Francis , Hempel William , Dieterlen Alain , Jeandidier Eric , Rodriguez-Lafrasse Claire , M’kacher Radhia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose: Biological dosimetry, based on the relationship between the absorbed dose after exposure to ionizing radiation and the frequency of scored aberrations, has been and continues to be an important tool for estimating the dose after exposure. Dicentric chromosomes are considered to be the most specific and sensitive aberration related to radiation exposure. Here, we established the dose-response curve following in vitro irradiation of circulating lymphocytes from healthy donors from three African countries after scoring unstable chromosomal aberrations.

Materials and methods: Blood samples from 16 African donors were exposed to various doses (0 to 4 Gy) using an X-RAD320 x-ray system with a maximum photon energy of 250 kV at a dose rate of 0.1 Gy min−1. Blood lymphocytes were cultured for 48 h, and chromosomal aberrations were scored during the first mitosis by telomere and centromere staining. The distribution of dicentric chromosomes was determined.
Results: No dicentric chromosomes were found after the analysis of 2,669 first-division metaphases before in vitro exposure. We established a linear-quadratic dose-response curve based on the frequency of dicentric and ring chromosomes and calculated double-strand breaks, taking into account all scored aberrations.

Conclusion: The generation of a specific dose-response curve for African donors will allow the practice of precise biological dosimetry in these countries. This work is the first step towards realizing an African biodosimetry network and the establishment of a biological dosimetry laboratory, which could play a major role in the application of radioprotection norms.
Histopathologic Characteristics of Internal Auditory Canal Diverticula
Authors: Muelleman Thomas , Maxwell Anne K. , Lopez Ivan , Linthicum Fred , Ishiyama Akira , Ledbetter Luke , Lin James , Staecker Hinrich , Miller Mia 
Published: June 2019

Hypothesis:
We hypothesize that internal auditory canal (IAC) diverticula occur independent of otosclerosis as demonstrated by temporal bone histopathology.

Background:
Diverticula at the anterior-inferior aspect of the IAC have been described histologically in the setting of cavitary otosclerosis. Recent radiographic studies show the prevalence of IAC diverticula that is higher than what can be accounted for by cavitary otosclerosis alone.

Methods:
We examined hematoxylin and eosin temporal bone histopathology slides with otosclerosis involving the IAC. We also examined bones from normal hearing subjects with normal histologic findings. Temporal bones were included if donors were more than 18 years of age at time of death and adequate horizontal cuts were available to evaluate the area of interest.

Results:
IAC diverticula were found in 33 of 47 (70%) temporal bones with IAC otosclerosis and in 5 of 20 (25%) normal temporal bones. The difference in mean pure tone averages (PTA) in the normal temporal bones with (PTA 7.3 ± 7) and without (PTA 8 ± 2) diverticula was not statistically significant (p = 0.86).

Conclusion:
IAC diverticula which have been previously demonstrated to occur in the setting of cavitary otosclerosis can also occur independent from otosclerosis. Subjects with diverticula but without other temporal bone pathology have normal hearing thresholds.
Clinical Applicability of a Preoperative Angular Insertion Depth Prediction Method for Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Rathgeb Christoph , Demattè Marco , Yacoub Abraam , Anschuetz Lukas , Wagner Franca , Mantokoudis Georgios , Caversaccio Marco , Wimmer Wilhelm 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
Evaluation of the accuracy and clinical applicability of a single measure cochlear implant angular insertion depth prediction method.

Background:
Cochlear implantation outcomes still vary extensively between patients. One of the possible reasons could be variability in intracochlear electrode array placement. For this reason, single measure methods were suggested to preoperatively predict angular insertion depths. Based on a previously performed accuracy study in human temporal bones, we were interested in determining the extent to which the method could be applied in a clinical setting.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on pre- and postoperative radiographic images of 50 cochlear implant recipients. Preoperatively predicted angular insertion depths were compared with angular insertion depths measured on postoperative ground truth. The theoretical prediction error was computed under the assumption that all achieved insertions were matching the preoperatively assumed linear insertion depth. More importantly, the clinical prediction error was assessed using two different software tools performed by three experienced surgeons.

Results:
Using the proposed method we found a theoretical prediction error of 5 degrees (SD = 41 degrees). The clinical prediction error including the cases with extracochlear electrodes was 70 degrees (SD = 96 degrees).

Conclusions:
The presented angular insertion depth prediction method is a first practical approach to support the preoperative selection of cochlear implant electrode arrays. However, the presented procedure is limited in that it is unable to predict the occurrence of insertion results with extracochlear electrodes and requires user training.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Pancreatic Cancer by Histological Subtypes
Authors: Luo Guopei , Fan Zhiyao , Gong Yitao , Jin Kaizhou , Yang Chao , Cheng He , Huang Dan , Ni Quanxing , Liu Chen , Yu Xianjun 
Published: June 2019

Objectives
Except pancreatic adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer has several uncommon histological subtypes, including invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET), adenosquamous carcinoma, invasive mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), acinar cell carcinoma (ACC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and invasive solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT). However, features of theses uncommon subtypes are not systematically analyzed.

Methods
Subjects with different histological subtypes of pancreatic cancers were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Characteristics and behaviors of uncommon subtypes were compared.

Results
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (85.8%) represented most primary pancreatic cancers, and other subtypes were rare (14.2%). Features of uncommon subtypes included females with SPT and MCN, located at the pancreatic body/tail of pNET, SPT, and MCN; poor differentiation of adenosquamous carcinoma and SCC; and large size of MCN, SPT, ACC, and SCC. In addition, IPMN, pNET, MCN, ACC, and SPT were indolent. For indolent subtypes, patients with locoregional tumor had prominent prognosis compared with patients with distant disease, especially for invasive IPMN (median survival, localized, 30.0 months; regional, 11.0 months; distant, 4.0 months).

Conclusions
The study systematically summarizes characteristics and behaviors of primary pancreatic cancer by histological subtypes, which can facilitate the management of pancreatic cancer.
Iowa TelePrEP: A Public-Health-Partnered Telehealth Model for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preexposure Prophylaxis Delivery in a Rural State
Authors: Hoth Angela B. , Shafer Cody , Dillon Dena Behm , Mayer Randy , Walton George , Ohl Michael E. 
Published: June 2019

Background
Access to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is often poor in small urban and rural areas because of stigma and long distances to providers. The Iowa Department of Public Health and The University of Iowa created a regional telehealth program to address these barriers (“Iowa TelePrEP”). We describe initial TelePrEP results and share lessons learned.

Methods
Iowa Department of Public Health personnel in sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics, disease intervention specialist and partner services, and HIV testing programs referred clients to pharmacists at University of Iowa. Clients could also self-refer via a website. Pharmacists completed video visits with clients in the community on smartphones and other devices, arranged local laboratory studies, and mailed medications. We performed a retrospective record review to quantify rates of PrEP referral, initiation, retention, guideline-concordant laboratory monitoring, and STI identification and treatment.

Results
Between February 2017 and October 2018, TelePrEP received 186 referrals (37% from public health) and completed 127 (68%) initial video visits with clients. Median client age was 32; 91% were men who have sex with men. Most clients with video visits (91%) started PrEP. Retention in TelePrEP at 6 months was 61%, and 96% of indicated laboratory monitoring tests were completed. Screening identified 37 STIs (8 syphilis, 10 gonorrhea, 19 chlamydia). Disease intervention specialist and partner services linked all clients with STIs to local treatment within 14 days (80% in 3 days).

Conclusions
Using widely available technology and infrastructure, public health departments and health care systems can collaborate to develop regional telehealth programs to deliver PrEP in small urban and rural settings.
Increases in the Estimated Number of Reported Gonorrhea Cases Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: The Role of Testing
Authors: Williams Austin M. , Weston Emily J. , Gift Thomas L. , Torrone Elizabeth 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The rate of reported gonorrhea among men who have sex with men has been steadily increasing in recent years, but little is known about how much changing testing practices and incidence each contribute to this trend. We report that both factors are likely contributing to the observed rate increases.
Preliminary Aquatic Physical Therapy Core Sets for Children and Youth With Neurological Disorders: A Consensus Process
Authors: Güeita-Rodríguez Javier , García-Muro Francisco , Rodríguez-Fernández Ángel L. , Cano-Díez Beatriz , Chávez-Santacruz David , Palacios-Ceña Domingo 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:To report on the preliminary aquatic physical therapy core sets for children and youth with neurological disorders using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-children and youth version.Methods:A formal and structured consensus process was developed, integrating the findings of preparatory studies: a systematic literature review, expert survey with 69 participants, and a qualitative study with 43 participants.Results:Five preliminary aquatic physical therapy core sets were described: a Comprehensive Core Set (64 categories); a Common Brief (13 categories); and 3 age-specific Core Sets: infant (below 6 years, 18 categories), school-age (from 6 to <14 years, 22 categories), and youth (from 14 to 18 years, 19 categories).Conclusions:Consensus among aquatic physical therapists' expert opinions identified the relevant intervention categories available when treating children and youth with neurological disorders. This list of intervention categories can be used in practice, research, education, and health administration.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound-Guided Interventions—The New Sheriff in Town?
Authors: Caserta Melanie P. , Dahiya Nirvikar , Tchelepi Hisham 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ultrasound (US)–guided intervention is a well-established medical procedure and offers advantages such as real-time guidance, portability, reduced cost, shortened procedure time compared with computed tomography, and lack of ionizing radiation. Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are a useful adjunct to US-guided procedures. The addition of microbubble UCAs during US-guided interventions can assist with biopsy planning and lesion selection, aid in identification of target lesions, and direct the biopsy toward viable tissue. Ultrasound contrast agents have been in use outside of the United States for many years and have been used off label at select institutions across the United States before the Food and Drug Administration approval of Lumason (Bracco Diagnostics) for liver lesion evaluation in April 2016. After Food and Drug Administration approval, the use of UCAs has expanded rapidly, and UCAs are being used for a variety of clinical applications. Ultrasound contrast agents have been shown to be safe, and there is no renal toxicity. In this article, we will discuss the indications and techniques for using contrast-enhanced ultrasound during US-guided interventions, and we will present case examples where contrast-enhanced ultrasound added value.