bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freshwater conservation planning informed and validated by public participation: The Ebro catchment, Spain, as a case study
Authors: Cañedo‐Argüelles Miguel , Hermoso Virgilio , Herrera‐Grao Tony , Barquín José , Bonada Núria 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems generally lack adequate protection. In this regard, defining clear and objective conservation criteria through public participation is extremely important, as it can greatly enhance the feasibility of the conservation plans by building credibility, salience, and legitimacy.
This article presents an exercise of systematic freshwater conservation planning informed and validated by public participation using river protected areas (RPAs) in the Ebro catchment, Spain, as a case study. A public participation process was performed to define the conservation criteria that RPAs should meet, resulting in a detailed list of conservation features and constraints that were poorly covered by the present network of RPAs in Spain.
The present network of RPAs failed to adequately protect aquatic biodiversity, as 48% of the taxa did not meet the conservation target, including seven species of vulnerable invertebrates and three of vulnerable fish. marxan was used to identify a minimum set of additional areas that would help to meet the conservation target by adequately representing all conservation features and by increasing the efficiency of the network of protected areas. When marxan was run without restrictions, none of the present RPAs was selected, suggesting that the current network of RPAs is not efficiently meeting the conservation demands expressed through public participation.
Overall, this study shows that combining public participation and systematic conservation planning could result in more efficient and enhanced protection of freshwater ecosystems by integrating a wide variety of conservation preferences into the design of RPAs. Also, according to the results, having detailed and updated information on the distribution of invasive and endangered species, as well as increasing the frequency and spatial extension of ecological monitoring, are key to meeting the public demands of enhanced freshwater biodiversity protection and the preservation of sites with high ecological value.
Lorente de Nó: From Neuroanatomy to Neurophysiology
Authors: Espinosa‐Sanchez Juan M. , Espinosa‐Campos Lucía , Batuecas‐Caletrío Ángel 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTRafael Lorente de Nó (1902–1990) was the youngest and last of Santiago Ramón y Cajal's students. With Fernando de Castro, Lorente de Nó helped to transition the focus of Ramón y Cajal's School from neuroanatomy to neurophysiology. His main contributions to neuroscience concerned the cytoarchitecture of the cerebral isocortex and hippocampus, neural networks, central vestibular system anatomy, vestibulo‐ocular reflex physiology, cochlear nuclei anatomy, and synaptic transmission mechanisms. This article pays tribute to the memory of Lorente de Nó by providing a comprehensive review of the life and work of this giant of neuroscience. Anat Rec, 303:1221–1231, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Inhibition of the Progression of Skin Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Vascular Injury by Blockade of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Pathway in Experimental Mouse Models of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Luong Vu H. , Utsunomiya Akira , Chino Takenao , Doanh Le H. , Matsushita Takashi , Obara Takashi , Kuboi Yoshikazu , Ishii Naoto , Machinaga Akihito , Ogasawara Hideaki , Ikeda Wataru , Kawano Tetsu , Imai Toshio , Oyama Noritaka , Hasegawa Minoru 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the preclinical efficacy and mechanism of action of an anti‐CX3CL1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsCultured human dermal fibroblasts were used to evaluate the direct effect of anti‐CX3CL1 mAb on fibroblasts. In addition, bleomycin‐induced and growth factor–induced models of SSc were used to investigate the effect of anti‐CX3CL1 mAb on leukocyte infiltration, collagen deposition, and vascular damage in the skin.ResultsAnti‐CX3CL1 mAb treatment significantly inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation (P < 0.05) and expression of type I collagen and fibronectin 1 (P < 0.01) in dermal fibroblasts stimulated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). In the bleomycin model, daily subcutaneous bleomycin injection increased serum CX3CL1 levels (P < 0.05) and augmented lesional CX3CL1 expression. Simultaneous administration of anti‐CX3CL1 mAb or CX3CR1 deficiency significantly suppressed the dermal thickness, collagen content, and capillary loss caused by bleomycin (P < 0.05). Injection of bleomycin induced expression of pSmad3 and TGFβ1 in the skin, which was inhibited by anti‐CX3CL1 mAb. Further, the dermal infiltration of CX3CR1+ cells, macrophages (inflammatory and alternatively activated [M2‐like] subsets), and CD3+ cells significantly decreased following anti‐CX3CL1 mAb therapy (P < 0.05), as did the enhanced skin expression of fibrogenic molecules, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (P < 0.05). However, the treatment did not significantly reduce established skin fibrosis. In the second model, simultaneous anti‐mCX3CL1 mAb therapy significantly diminished the skin fibrosis induced by serial subcutaneous injection of TGFβ and connective tissue growth factor (P < 0.01).ConclusionAnti‐CX3CL1 mAb therapy may be a novel approach for treating early skin fibrosis in inflammation‐driven fibrotic skin disorders such as SSc.
Modeling physical activity data using L0‐penalized expectile regression
Authors: Wirsik Norman , Otto‐Sobotka Fabian , Pigeot Iris 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn recent years accelerometers have become widely used to objectively assess physical activity. Usually intensity ranges are assigned to the measured accelerometer counts by simple cut points, disregarding the underlying activity pattern. Under the assumption that physical activity can be seen as distinct sequence of distinguishable activities, the use of hidden Markov models (HMM) has been proposed to improve the modeling of accelerometer data. As further improvement we propose to use expectile regression utilizing a Whittaker smoother with an L0‐penalty to better capture the intensity levels underlying the observed counts. Different expectile asymmetries beyond the mean allow the distinction of monotonous and more variable activities as expectiles effectively model the complete distribution of the counts. This new approach is investigated in a simulation study, where we simulated 1,000 days of accelerometer data with 1 and 5 s epochs, based on collected labeled data to resemble real‐life data as closely as possible. The expectile regression is compared to HMMs and the commonly used cut point method with regard to misclassification rate, number of identified bouts and identified levels as well as the proportion of the estimate being in the range of of the true activity level. In summary, expectile regression utilizing a Whittaker smoother with an L0‐penalty outperforms HMMs and the cut point method and is hence a promising approach to model accelerometer data.
Rapid structure identification of nineteen metabolites of ondansetron in human urine using LC/MSn
Authors: Duan Mingyu , Qin Li , Zhong Dafang , Zhang Peng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOndansetron, a 5‐hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5‐HT3) receptor antagonist, is regarded as an excellent candidate to treat chemotherapy‐ and radiotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. To better understand the metabolic profiles of ondansetron in human urine, the metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MSn). Urine samples were collected after oral administration of 8 mg ondansetron to healthy volunteers. Then samples were treated by solid‐phase extraction and detected with LC/MSn. Besides ondansetron, in human urine, a total of 19 metabolites including 13 new metabolites were detected and identified via comparing the retention time and product ion spectra with those of reference standards isolated and characterized. The results showed that ondansetron was metabolized via hydroxylation, glucuronidation, sulfation and minor N‐demethylation in human. LC/MSn was demonstrated to be useful and sensitive in the metabolic study of ondansetron.
Efficient succinic acid production from high‐sugar‐content beverages by Actinobacillus succinogenes
Authors: Ferone Mariateresa , Ercole Alessia , Raganati Francesca , Olivieri Giuseppe , Salatino Piero , Marzocchella Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study presents the production of succinic acid (SA) by Actinobacillus succinogenes using high‐sugar‐content beverages (HSCBs) as feedstock. The aim of this study was the valorization of a by‐product stream from the beverage industry for the production of an important building block chemical, such as SA. Three types of commercial beverages were investigated: fruit juices (pineapple and ace), syrups (almond), and soft drinks (cola and lemon). They contained mainly glucose, fructose, and sucrose at high concentration—between 50 and 1,000 g/L. The batch fermentation tests highlighted that A. succinogenes was able to grow on HSCBs supplemented with yeast extract, but also on the unsupplemented fruit juices. Indeed, the bacteria did not grow on the unsupplemented syrup and soft drinks because of the lack of indispensable nutrients. About 30–40 g/L of SA were obtained, depending on the type of HSCB, with yield ranging between 0.75 and 1.00 gSA/gS. The prehydrolysis step improved the fermentation performance: SA production was improved by 6–24%, depending on the HSCB, and sugar conversion was improved of about 30–50%.
The genus Laggera (Asteraceae) – Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Information, Chemical Composition as well as Biological Activities of Its Essential Oils and Extracts: A Review
Authors: Getahun Tokuma , Sharma Vinit , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMost species of the genus Laggera are often used in traditional and folk medicines for the treatment of jaundice, inflammation, leukemia, removing phlegm, bronchitis and bacterial diseases. The essential oils obtained from Laggera plants are rich sources of oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Among oxygenated monoterpenes, aromatic ether 2,5‐dimethoxy‐p‐cymene is the most abundant and dominant compound of many essential oils of the Laggera species. Till today, to the best of our knowledge, chemical compounds of the essential oils and/or extracts of only eight Laggera species were reported from different countries. Thus, this review presents the chemical compositions and biological activities of the essential oils of these plants studied in thirteen countries. In addition, it discusses the reported ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information as well as biological activities of the extracts and some of the isolated compounds of Laggera plants species.
Another tool for the fork‐in‐the‐road toolbox
Authors: Butman Samuel M. 
Published: June 2019

Key Points

A provisional stent strategy for bifurcation disease is a good rule of thumb.
The Tryton bifurcation stent is an additional potential useful tool for use in complex coronary disease.
If and when this device has a drug‐eluting side branch, its true role may be clearer.
Randomized trial of ofatumumab and bendamustine versus ofatumumab, bendamustine, and bortezomib in previously untreated patients with high‐risk follicular lymphoma: CALGB 50904 (Alliance)
Authors: Blum Kristie A. , Polley Mei‐Yin , Jung Sin‐Ho , Dockter Travis J. , Anderson Sarah , Hsi Eric D. , Wagner‐Johnston Nina , Christian Beth , Atkins Jim , Cheson Bruce D. , Leonard John P. , Bartlett Nancy L. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThis multicenter, randomized phase 2 trial evaluated complete responses (CRs), efficacy, and safety with ofatumumab and bendamustine and with ofatumumab, bendamustine, and bortezomib in patients with untreated, high‐risk follicular lymphoma (FL).MethodsPatients with grade 1 to 3a FL and either a Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score of 2 with 1 lymph node >6 cm or an FLIPI score of 3 to 5 were randomized to arm A (ofatumumab, bendamustine, and maintenance ofatumumab) or to arm B (ofatumumab, bendamustine, bortezomib, and maintenance ofatumumab and bortezomib).ResultsOne hundred twenty‐eight patients (66 in arm A and 62 in arm B) received treatment. The median age was 61 years, and 61% had disease >6 cm; 29% had an FLIPI score of 2, and 71% had an FLIPI score of 3 to 5. In arm A, 86% completed induction, and 64% completed maintenance. In arm B, 66% and 52% completed induction and maintenance, respectively. Dose modifications were required in 65% and 89% in arms A and B, respectively. Clinically significant grade 3 to 4 toxicities included neutropenia (A, 36%; B, 31%), nausea/vomiting (A, 0%; B, 8%), diarrhea (A, 5%; B, 11%), and sensory neuropathy (A, 0%; B, 5%). The estimated CR rates were 62% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50%‐74%) and 60% (95% CI, 47%‐72%) in arms A and B, respectively (P = .68). With a median follow‐up of 3.3 years, the estimated 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 80% and 97%, respectively, for arm A and 76% and 91%, respectively, for arm B.ConclusionsThe CR rates, PFS, and OS were not improved with the addition of bortezomib to ofatumumab and bendamustine in patients with high‐risk FL. Although grade 3 to 4 toxicities were similar, more patients treated with bortezomib required dose modifications and early discontinuation.
Assessment of Drug Interaction Potential Between the Hepatitis C Virus Direct‐Acting Antiviral Agents Elbasvir/Grazoprevir and the Nucleotide Analog Reverse‐Transcriptase Inhibitor Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
Authors: Feng Hwa‐Ping , Guo Zifang , Caro Luzelena , Talaty Jennifer E. , Mangin Eric , Panebianco Deborah , Fandozzi Christine , Zhu Yali , Marshall William , Huang Xiaobi , Hanley William D. , Jumes Patricia , Valesky Robert , Martinho Monika , Butterton Joan R. , Iwamoto Marian , Yeh Wendy W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTreatment of individuals coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires careful consideration of potential drug‐drug interactions. We evaluated the pharmacokinetic interaction of the direct‐acting antiviral agents elbasvir and grazoprevir coadministered with the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Three open‐label, multidose studies in healthy adults were conducted. In the first study (N = 10), participants received TDF 300 mg once daily, elbasvir 50 mg once daily, and elbasvir coadministered with TDF. In the second study (N = 12), participants received TDF 300 mg once daily, grazoprevir 200 mg once daily, and grazoprevir coadministered with TDF. In the third study (N = 14), participants received TDF 300 mg once daily and TDF 300 mg coadministered with coformulated elbasvir/grazoprevir 50 mg/100 mg once daily. Pharmacokinetics and safety were evaluated. Following coadministration, the tenofovir area under the plasma concentration‐time curve to 24 hours and maximum plasma concentration geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) for tenofovir and coadministered drug(s) versus tenofovir were 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) and 1.5 (1.3, 1.6), respectively, when coadministered with elbasvir; 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) and 1.1 (1.0, 1.2), respectively, when coadministered with grazoprevir; and 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) and 1.1 (1.0, 1.4), respectively, when coadministered with the elbasvir/grazoprevir coformulation. TDF had minimal effect on elbasvir and grazoprevir pharmacokinetics. Elbasvir and/or grazoprevir coadministered with TDF resulted in no clinically meaningful tenofovir exposure increases and was generally well tolerated, with no deaths, serious adverse events (AEs), discontinuations due to AEs, or laboratory AEs reported. No dose adjustments for elbasvir/grazoprevir or TDF are needed for coadministration in HCV/HIV‐coinfected people.
Bemessungskonzept für Druckschächte bei Nutzung des passiven Gebirgswiderstands
Authors: Innerhofer Guntram , Greiner Richard , Innerhofer Guntram 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe proposed method can be seen as an adaption of the ”Seeber“ concept considering developments in geomechanics, calculation methods and steel technology over the last decades. When exposed to inner pressure, the cracking condition is transgressed and steel linings will not protect the rock mass against cracking. Accordingly, the post‐failure behaviour of the rock mass is an essential basis for structural design. The effects of crack water pressure on radial displacements and the width of gaps are considered. The resistant behaviour of the rock mass is determined by its minor primary principal stress. Under mountain ridges and slopes, there is no correlation between the minor stresses and the height of overburden. Obviously damage cases in concrete lined tunnels are the result of inappropriate assessment of principal stresses. A better approach is proposed based on fundamental considerations and FE calculations. Crack water pressure close to the level of the minimal principal stress will induce progressive hydraulic fracturing in the rock mass, which requires safe waterproofing sealing of the shaft. Grouting the coaxial gap in rock mass is a firm part of any design concept. In shafts sealed by membranes, the capability to bridge fissures must be proved by tests. In steel lined shafts, the usable passive resistance of rock mass is determined by the acceptable radial displacement.
Großtechnische, wirtschaftliche und effiziente untertägige Energiespeicher
Authors: Pikl Franz Georg , Richter Wolfgang , Zenz Gerald 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe conversion of the energy supply system towards renewable technologies is indispensable for climate and environmental protection. With the predominant use of inexhaustible but fluctuating renewable energy sources, energy storage capacities and physical networks are key infrastructure for sustainable functionality. Efficient pumped‐storage hydropower can meet these demands. However, suitable sites for conventional surface reservoirs are facing natural limits, and new storage capacities in ecologically sensitive mountainous valleys are increasingly difficult to license. To gap these aspects this article reflects the construction of fully underground pumped‐storage hydropower plants to cover multipurpose energy storage requirements.Thus, the surface reservoirs are substituted by underground storage caverns with less water volume required by equivalent energy storage capacity since high heads are utilized. Proximity to urban areas improves the construction and operation through various infrastructure and close connection to existing power grids, power plants and consumers. Valuable surface resources remain untouched and the closed water cycle ensures a constant storage volume and independent operation against external influences. Furthermore pumped‐storage is combined with seasonal underground thermal energy storage. This system leads the well‐proven hydraulic energy storage technology into a new energetic age and ensures the demand‐based and cross‐sectoral renewable energy supply.
A framework for evaluating correspondence between brain images using anatomical fiducials
Authors: Lau Jonathan C. , Parrent Andrew G. , Demarco John , Gupta Geetika , Kai Jason , Stanley Olivia W. , Kuehn Tristan , Park Patrick J. , Ferko Kayla , Khan Ali R. , Peters Terry M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAccurate spatial correspondence between template and subject images is a crucial step in neuroimaging studies and clinical applications like stereotactic neurosurgery. In the absence of a robust quantitative approach, we sought to propose and validate a set of point landmarks, anatomical fiducials (AFIDs), that could be quickly, accurately, and reliably placed on magnetic resonance images of the human brain. Using several publicly available brain templates and individual participant datasets, novice users could be trained to place a set of 32 AFIDs with millimetric accuracy. Furthermore, the utility of the AFIDs protocol is demonstrated for evaluating subject‐to‐template and template‐to‐template registration. Specifically, we found that commonly used voxel overlap metrics were relatively insensitive to focal misregistrations compared to AFID point‐based measures. Our entire protocol and study framework leverages open resources and tools, and has been developed with full transparency in mind so that others may freely use, adopt, and modify. This protocol holds value for a broad number of applications including alignment of brain images and teaching neuroanatomy.
Scoring system for the prediction of the successful treatment modality in women with cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Sun Qiu‐Lei , Luo Li , Gao Chun‐Yan , Yan Ping , Yang Ying , Chen Zheng‐Qiong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo establish a risk scoring system to predict the successful treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted between June 2016 and March 2018 in a tertiary care center. Patients received evacuation followed by uterine artery embolization and laparoscopic local resection/hysterectomy successively as salvage measures if necessary. Optimal scaling regression determined the extent of each potential prognostic factor predicted.ResultsOut of 228 women, 144 cases required evacuation before recovery, 73 women required uterine artery embolization, and 11 women eventually required laparoscopic surgery. Six variables were included in the predictive model: number of cesarean deliveries; maximal diameter of gestational sac; remnant myometrial thickness; grading of Doppler signals; presence of fetal heartbeat; and location of gestational sac. A 10‐point scoring system was established by weighting their prediction of the method of successful treatment. In the risk score rank of 1–4, only 4 (2.8%) out of 142 women needed uterine artery embolization as a salvage treatment, while in the risk score rank of 8–10, 41 (80.4%) cases needed uterine artery embolization; laparoscopic operations were performed by physicians for the other 10 (19.6%) cases.ConclusionThe successful treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy was accurately predicted by a 10‐point scoring system.Chinese Clinical Trials RegistryChiCTR‐OOC‐16008467.