bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Investigation of the Causal Relationship amongst Energy Consumption, Net Fixed Capital Stock and Economic Growth in India
Authors: Phukon Mr. Abhijit , Konwar Ms. Mitali 
Published: July 2019

Purpose- in this paper, an effort has been made to establish the causal relationship amongst energy consumption, net fixed capital stocks and economic growth measured in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in India. Further attempt has been made to fix the direction of causality by taking into account the disaggregated energy consumption such as petroleum, coal, electricity and gas consumption.
Design/ methodology/ approach- the methodology is based on the Engle-Granger method of co-integration and Johanson-Juselius multivariate method and uses a time series data of disaggregated energy consumption, net fixed capital stocks and GDP over the period 1970-2002. Since no co-integration was found amongst the concerned variables, Standard Granger method is used to find out the causality between energy consumption and economic growth as well as energy consumption and net fixed capital stocks.
Findings- the empirical results infer that there is bi-directional causality between energy consumption and economic growth and unidirectional causality running from energy consumption to net fixed capital stocks. The research concluded that since India is a net energy importer, especially petroleum, it has to pay a high oil import bill every year. Therefore, using oil more efficiently and/or substituting petroleum and gas by coal and electricity wherever possible could be a good policy measure. Perhaps, an energy conservation policy regarding petroleum and natural gas consumption would not lead to any adverse side effects on economic growth in India.
Development of Marketing and Distribution Channel to Ensure Fair Price in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md. Anowarul Arif , Haider Mohammad Hafizul , Hasan Md Sahariar , Hasan Md. Parvez , Islam Md. Ashraful 
Published: July 2019

Bangladesh is a developing country and agriculture is the largest sector of the economy. Agricultural producers, food producers, and handicrafts producers are not getting the proper price. Because, Bangladesh fully depends on the intermediaries because of improper infrastructure in supply chain of their product and shortage of capital as well literacy. A baseline study entitled “Development of marketing and distribution channel to ensure fair price for the products of Cooperative Societies under Department of Cooperatives” was conducted primarily to find out the present scenario of producing, selling, and supply chain of products of producers under cooperative society which would examine the challenges in productions, selling and supply chain for the producers of cooperative society, also analyze Time, Cost and Visit (TCV) regarding selling of produced goods and finally to find a way to mitigate these challenges. In this study, purposive sampling method was used for determining the sample where more than 160 respondents were selected as sample size. 34% people had to give commission to the whole seller and there was higher transportation cost. 34% of producers said that they sold their products at lower price; some people (40%) got their products price lately. There was also money collection problem (33%). Most of the farmers were illiterate and for that reason, they did not have the ability to sell their products in the international market and also nationwide, they just only sold to local market. Ministry of local Government & Cooperative Society could play a vital role to bring formation within the framework of Cooperative Society and could minimize the role of middlemen of marketing agricultural products of Bangladesh.
PERSEPSI DAN SIKAP MASYARAKAT TERHADAP WISATA SYARIAH (HALAL TOURISM) DI PULAU SANTEN KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Fawaid Achmad , Khotimah Juzrotul 
Published: July 2019

Sharia / halal tourism tourism is a trend and golden opportunity for the region. Banyuwangi as one of the regions that has natural resources such as coastal, sea, and small islands trying to develop the tourism sector located in Santen Island, Karangrejo Banyuwangi Village with sharia tourism forms. The aim of the research is to find out how the perceptions and attitudes of the community towards the existence of sharia tourism (halal tourism) in Banyuwangi Regency. The research methods used in this study are interviews, documentation and observation. While the analysis is interactive models consisting of several components such as: data reduction, presentation data, drawing and testing data. The finding of this study is the application of the concept of Islamic tourism on Santen Island are still not optimal. The community has a positive perception with a value of 75%, a positive attitude with an 80% value and positive participation with a value of 85% of visitors, the results of the Islamic travel concept of 70% of visitors who consider the location clean and 30% of visitors consider the location unclean, visitors say facilities which is quite adequate on Santen Island with a value of 65% of visitors assuming that the separation of men and women has not been carried out in accordance with the concept of Islamic tourism. While the economic impact has experienced an increase in the local economy and reduced unemployment for the people on the island of Santen. Wisata syariah/halal tourism menjadi tren dan golden opportunity bagi daerah. Banyuwangi sebagai salah satu daerah yang memiliki sumber daya alam seperti: pesisir, laut, dan pulau kecil mencoba untuk mengembangkan sektor pariwisata yang berada Pulau Santen Kelurahan Karangrejo Banyuwangi dengan bentuk wisata syariah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi dan sikap masyarakat terhadap adanya wisata syariah (halal tourism) di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Beberapa metode penelitian yang digunakan diantaranya adalah wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Sedangkan analisis yang dapat digunakan diantaranya adalah model interaktif yang terdiri dari beberapa komponen seperti: reduksi data, data presentasi, menggambar dan menguji data. Temuan dalam penelitian ini termasuk penerapan konsep pariwisata Islam di Pulau Santen masih belum optimal. Masyarakat memiliki persepsi positif dengan nilai 75%, sikap positif dengan nilai 80% dan partisipasi positif dengan nilai 85% dari pengunjung, hasil konsep perjalanan syariah sebesar 70% dari pengunjung yang menganggap lokasi bersih dan 30% pengunjung menganggap lokasi tidak bersih, pengunjung mengatakan fasilitas yang ada cukup memadai di Pulau Santen dengan nilai 65% para pengunjung menganggap bahwa pemisahan laki-laki dan perempuan belum terlaksana sesuai dengan konsep pariwisata islami, sedangkan dari dampak ekonomi telah mengalami peningkatan ekonomi lokal dan mengurangi pengangguran bagi masyarakat di Pulau Santen.
Navegar o teatro contemporâneo: uma experiência da frustração à autonomia
Authors: Gomes da Rocha Fernanda Marilia , Dias Massa Clóvis 
Published: July 2019

O artigo discorre sobre pressupostos do trabalho do espectador de teatro, encarando este fazer como um ato produtivo. A partir dos avanços dos estudos da semiótica teatral ao longo do século XX, a noção de recepção ganha relevância e os estudos sobre o espectador se mostram cada vez mais refinados. Neste sentido, o objetivo é buscar princípios fundamentais para a relação teatral na atualidade e analisar que tipo de esforços são requisitados do espectador diante do espetáculo teatral contemporâneo. Este trabalho é fruto de um estudo teórico oriundo da pesquisa de Mestrado realizada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes Cênicas da UFRGS em 2012.
Islam Supports Democracy:The Views of Partai Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) and Their Implementation in the Recruitment of the Party’s Members and Leaders
Authors: Nurdin Ahmad Ali 
Published: July 2019

<p><em>This paper discusses the views of Partai Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) on democracy and its implementation in real politics in Malaysian context. I analyze PAS views on the relationship between Islam and democracy, their style in recruiting members and leaders of the party to demonstrate that this Islamic political party follows democratic rules. PAS believes that democracy and Islamic values are compatible and it is a good political tool for an Islamic party like PAS to reach its political goals. By examining the process of recruitment of members and leaders of PAS as the cases, the paper shows that commitment of PAS in toning up democracy in Malaysia could be viewed in their style of recruiting their leaders. The PAS has exercised democratic rules in their internal party activities, particularly in the way they recruit their members and how they chose their leaders. </em></p>
The Hadith Digitization in Millennial Era: A Study at Center for Hadith Studies, Indonesia
Authors: Istianah Istianah , Wahyuningsih Sri 
Published: July 2019

<p><em>The millennial era has been initially marked by the development of information technology. This article mainly explores the opportunities and challenges of digitizing hadith in the millennial era. This study belongs to a descriptive qualitative method. In-depth interviews with the Programmers of the Center for the study of Hadith in Jakarta, observation and documentation were conducted to gather data. The result reveals that digitizing the books of hadith provides an opportunity for everyone to access the books of hadith by downloading the hadith digitization application freely. Therefore, people can access the hadith books in both PDF and digital formats. On the contrary, it may lead to academic anxiety or challenges. This is because the hadith books in both PDF and digital formats can be deliberately changed by irresponsible people so that the authenticity of the information and the accuracy of the data will be questionable. Further, this tendency could be misused by certain people, by changing its contents and then disseminating it for the certain purposes. Regarding this, one of the ways to overcome this is by maintaining its authenticity, updating the content, and adding the copyright to the data source reference using the source check method.</em></p>
Cell-Centered Nonlinear Finite-Volume Methods With Improved Robustness
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Al Kobaisi Mohammed 
Published: July 2019

Summary
We present a nonlinear finite-volume method (NFVM) that is either positivity-preserving or extremum-preserving with improved robustness. The key ingredient of the method is the construction of one-sided fluxes, which involves decomposition of conormal vectors by introducing harmonic-averaging points as auxiliary points. The original NFVM using harmonic-averaging points is not robust in the sense that decomposition of conormal vectors with nonnegative coefficients can easily run into difficulties for heterogeneous and anisotropic permeability tensors on general nonorthogonal meshes. To improve NFVM robustness, we first present an alternative derivation of harmonic-averaging points and give a different formula that shows more clearly a point's location. On the basis of the derivation of the new formula, a correction algorithm is proposed to make modifications to those problematic harmonic-averaging points so that all the conormal vectors can be decomposed with nonnegative coefficients successfully. As a result, the resulting NFVM can be applied to more-challenging problems when conormal decomposition with nonnegative coefficients is not possible without correction. The correction algorithm is a compromise between robustness and accuracy. While it improves the robustness of the resulting NFVM, results of numerical convergence tests show that the effect of our correction algorithm on accuracy is problem-dependent. Optimal order of convergence is still maintained for some problems, and the convergence rate is reduced for others. Monotonicity and extremum-preserving properties are verified by numerical experiments. Finally, a field test case is used to demonstrate that the NFVM combined with our correction algorithm can be applied to simulate real-life reservoirs of industry-standard complexity.
Implementation Strategy and Cost of Mozambique’s HPV vaccine demonstration project
Authors: Soi Caroline , Babigumira Joseph B. , Chilundo Baltazar , Muchanga Vasco , Matsinhe Luisa , Gimbel Sarah , Augusto Orvalho , Sherr Kenneth 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Cost is as an important determinant of health program implementation. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the implementation strategy of Mozambique’s school-based HPV vaccine demonstration project. We sought to estimate the total cost of the program and the cost per fully immunized girl (FIG), and to project the total cost of implementing a similar immunization program at the national level.

Methods

We collected primary data through document review, participatory observation, and key informant interviews with project implementers at the central offices of the national immunization program, provincial and district health directorates, and in health facilities. We used a combination of micro-costing methods— the identification and measurement of resources quantities and valuation by application of unit costs, and gross costing—the consideration of resource bundles as they apply to the number of FIGs. We extrapolated the cost per FIG to the HPV-vaccine-eligible population of Mozambique under current guidelines to demonstrate the projected total annual cost for a similarly executed HPV vaccine program.

Results

The total cost of the Mozambique HPV vaccine demonstration project was $523,601. The mean cost per FIG was $72 (95% CI: $62 - $83) in year one, $38 (95% CI: $37 - $40) in year two, and $54 (95% CI: $49 - $61) for years one and two. The mean cost per FIG with the third HPV vaccine dose excluded from implementation was $60 (95% CI: $50 - $72) in year one, $38 (95%CI: $31 - $46) in year two, and $48 (95%CI: $42 - $55) for years one and two. The projected annual cost of a two-dose vaccine program targeting all 10-year-old girls in the country was $18,156,549 ($15,865,384 - $20,748,196). The main cost drivers in the analysis were vaccine price, number of doses administered per recipient, program startup costs, and the costs of demand creation.

Conclusion

National adaptation and scale-up of Mozambique’s school-based HPV vaccine strategy would result in substantial costs. To achieve national-level HPV vaccine roll out and sustainability, stakeholders will need to negotiate vaccine prices and achieve better efficiency in startup activities and demand creation.
The pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa promotes differential proteomic modulation of cacao genotypes with contrasting resistance to witches´ broom disease.
Authors: Santos Everton Cruz , Pirovani Carlos Priminho , Correa Stephany , Micheli Fabienne , Gramacho Karina P 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Witches’ broom disease (WBD) of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa, is one of the main problems limiting cacao production, thus, the development of cacao genotypes with durable resistance is the main challenge for disease control. Proteomic methods are often used to study the interactions between hosts and pathogens, therefore helping classical plant breeding in the development of resistant genotypes. Here, we compared the proteomic alterations of two cacao genotypes standard for WBD resistance and susceptibility in response to M. perniciosa infection at 72 hours and 45 days of post-inoculation.

Results:
A total of 554 proteins were identified, 246 in the susceptible and 308 in the resistant genotype. The identified proteins were involved mainly in metabolism, energy, defense and oxidative stress. The resistant genotype showed more expressed proteins as well as more variability of proteins associated to stress and defense, while the susceptible genotype showed more repressed proteins. Among these proteins, stand out pathogenesis related proteins (PRs), protein related with oxidative stress regulation, as well as, trypsin inhibitors, that were differentially expressed between genotypes. Interaction networks were predicted analyzing up and down regulated proteins separately. A complex protein-protein interaction was observed, and some proteins showed a high number of interactions. Those proteins may function as cross-talkers between these biological functions.

Conclusions:
We present the first study reporting the proteomic alterations of resistant and susceptible genotypes in the T. cacao x M. perniciosa pathosystem. Important altered proteins identified are related to key biologic functions in resistance, such as oxidative stress, especially in the resistant genotype, which showed a strong mechanism of detoxification. Also, the positive regulation of defense and stress proteins was more evident in this genotype. Proteins with significant roles against fungus, such as chitinases, trypsin inhibitors and PR 5 were identified and may be good resistance markers. Finally, important biological functions, such as stress and defense, photosynthesis, oxidative stress and carbohydrate metabolism were differentially impacted with M. perniciosa infection in each genotype.
Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses provide new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying taproot thickening in Panax notoginseng
Authors: Li Xue-Jiao , Yang Jian-Li , Lu Ying-Chun , Qian Zhi-Long , Li Ying , Ye Shuang , Tang Jun-Rong , Chen Mo , Long Guang-Qiang , Zhao Yan , Zhang Guang-Hui , Chen Jun-Wen , Fan Wei , Hao Bing , Yang Sheng-Chao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Taproot thickening is a complex biological process and depends on the coordinated expression of the genes controlled by both environmental and developmental factors. Panax notoginseng is an important Chinese medicinal herb characterized by enlarged taproot as the main organ of saponin accumulation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of taproot enlargement.

Results

A total of 29957 DETs were identified during thickening process of P. notoginseng taproot. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that DETs associated wthith “plant hormone signal transduction”, “starch and sucrose metabolism”, and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” were predominantly enriched. Furher functional analysis by integrating DETs expression profiling, endogenous hormone and primary metabolite identified some critical genes (e.g., RNase-like major storage protein, DA1-related protein, Starch branching enzyme I) and primary metabolites (e.g., Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose Malate and Arginine) potentially controlling taproot thickening, and highlighted that hormones crosstalk, transcriptional regulation, homeostasis regulation of sugar and starch, and cell wall metabolism play an important role during thickening process of P. notoginseng taproot.

Conclusion

These results provide molecular regulatory network of taproot thickening in P. notoginseng and facilitate the characterization of genes responsible for taproot formation in root medicinal plants or crops.
Does Prosocial Motivation and Psychological Capital Improve Organizational Citizenship Behavior? An Emperical Study Through the Moderating Role of Workplace Incivility
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad , Abid Ghulam 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
This study aims to sightsee the importance of organizational citizenship behavior in public and private hospitals of Pakistan. It is found imperative to discover the impact of prosocial motivation and psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior. We also tried to investigate the role of workplace incivility as a moderator.
Method
We sampled the employees of public and private hospitals of Pakistan. All data were collected on-site during paid working hours without any kind of inference from the authors. Nurses and their immediate managers (i.e., doctors) were surveyed at two time points in order to minimize common method bias. At Time 1, 146 nurses completed survey on predictors (prosocial motivation, psychological capital) and moderator (workplace incivility). At Time 2, two weeks after Time 1, 35 doctors provide their perception about organizational citizenship behavior of nurses.
Results
Results showed that prosocial motivation has a trifling impact on organizational citizenship behavior when a high level of workplace incivility was observed. Conversely, psychological capital created a significant positive impact on organizational citizenship behavior, even when there was a lower level of workplace incivility exist. The results revealed that hospitals should strive for the minimal level of workplace incivility in order to improve the organizational citizenship behavior.
Conclusions
The hospitals should not tolerate the uncivil behaviors in order to ensure the high level of organizational citizenship behavior even at lower prosocial motivation levels. However, if nurses are prosocially motivated then the level of their organizational citizenship behaviors will be at its optimal level in the absence of workplace incivility which results in the ultimate benefit to patients. Furthermore, organizational citizenship behavior of nurses will be at optimal level in hospitals when they are equipped with hope, self-efficacy, optimism and resilience with the only condition that there must be low workplace incivility prevailed.
The Efficacy of Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Training in Older Adults Non-Demented and with Mild Dementia: an One Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Authors: Zając-Lamparska Ludmiła , Wiłkość-Dębczyńska Monika , Wojciechowski Adam , Podhorecka Marta , Polak-Szabela Anna , Warchoł Łukasz , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia , Araszkiewicz Aleksander , Izdebski Paweł 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Current methods of cognitive interventions for older adults are increasingly employing modern technologies. However, research into possible applications of virtual reality (VR) in such interventions has begun only recently. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of VR-based cognitive training for older adults and to compare this efficacy in older adults without cognitive impairment and with mild dementia.
Methods
The complete data were obtained from 99 individuals aged 60-89, qualified according to Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores into the group of non-demented older adults (n=72, mean age 68, MMSE: 28-30) or older adults with mild dementia (n=27, mean age 72, MMSE: 19-23).

An one group pretest-posttest design was applied. Cognitive training with the use of GRADYS software – a computer game with elements of VR was introduced in all participants. The game included four modules corresponding to: attention, memory, visual processing and language. The intervention lasted 4 weeks and consisted of eight sessions, two per week. The intervention program was preceded and followed by a cognitive assessment of processes corresponding to the modules of the game.
The following statistical tests were used: the repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance supplemented with one-way tests, the Hotelling T2 test, the Student’s t test, the Friedman test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results
Both research groups demonstrated progress in the training, which was greater in non-demented older adults for the majority of cognitive modules except for the attention module. There were also significant differences in general cognitive functioning before and after the training. However, positive changes in cognitive performance in particular tests were revealed almost exclusively in the group of older adults without cognitive impairment. There was no relationship between the level achieved in particular training modules and the improvement in corresponding cognitive tasks.
Conclusions
Currently, we can recommend the GRADS game for use only in non-demented older adults. The hypothesis of the presumable usefulness of the game in individuals with MCI needs to be tested. In turn, the application of the GRADYS game to people with dementia would require modification of the hardware and software.