bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grid Mapping the Northern Plains of Mars: Using Morphotype and Distribution of Ice‐Related Landforms to Understand Multiple Ice‐Rich Deposits in Utopia Planitia
Authors: Séjourné Antoine , Costard Francois , Swirad Zuzanna M. , Łosiak Anna , Bouley Sylvain , Smith Isaac , Balme Matthew R. , Orgel Csilla , Ramsdale Jason D. , Hauber Ernst , Conway Susan J. , van Gasselt Stephan , Reiss Dennis , Johnsson Andreas , Gallagher Colman , Skinner James A. , Kereszturi Ákos , Platz Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis work in Utopia Planitia is the first continuous regional mapping of ice‐related landforms integrated into an effort to study the three main basins (Arcadia, Acidalia, and Utopia Planitiae) in the northern plains. The distribution and morphotypes of these landforms, SHAllow RADar detections, and crater size‐frequency distribution measurements (>50 m in diameter) were used to understand the permafrost cryolithology and its past evolution in relation to climate in Utopia Planitia. Three assemblages of landforms were identified based on their spatial correlation and correlation with Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter surface roughness along a strip from 30°N to 80°N. At 30°–38°N, the assemblage is formed by kilometer‐scale polygons, high‐albedo mounds, and thumbprint terrains. This assemblage is associated with a lobate deposit of 30 m in thickness with a crater retention age of 1 Ga. At 38°–47°N, the assemblage is comprised of large scallops, 100‐m‐diameter polygons, pits, and mantled deposits. This assemblage is correlated with a deposit of 80 m in thickness containing excess ice (~50–85% by volume) with a crater retention age of about 10 Ma. At 47°–78°N, the assemblage is composed of mantled deposits, textured terrains, and 30‐m‐diameter polygons. This assemblage is related to the ice‐rich, debris‐covered, latitude‐dependent mantle that has a crater retention age of about 1.5 Ma. Utopia Planitia appears to be a region of combined depositions of sediment and continuous cold climatic conditions that leaded to a complex distribution of ground ice.
Soil exchange rates of COS and CO18O differ with the diversity of microbial communities and their carbonic anhydrase enzymes
Authors: Meredith Laura K , Ogée Jérôme , Boye Kristin , Singer Esther , Wingate Lisa , von Sperber Christian , Sengupta Aditi , Whelan Mary , Pang Erin , Keiluweit Marco , Brüggemann Nicolas , Berry Joe A , Welander Paula V 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Differentiating the contributions of photosynthesis and respiration to the global carbon cycle is critical for improving predictive climate models. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in leaves is responsible for the largest biosphere-atmosphere trace gas fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and the oxygen-18 isotopologue of carbon dioxide (CO18O) that both reflect gross photosynthetic rates. However, CA activity also occurs in soils and will be a source of uncertainty in the use of COS and CO18O as carbon cycle tracers until process-based constraints are improved. In this study, we measured COS and CO18O exchange rates and estimated the corresponding CA activity in soils from a range of biomes and land use types. Soil CA activity was not uniform for COS and CO2, and patterns of divergence were related to microbial community composition and CA gene expression patterns. In some cases, the same microbial taxa and CA classes catalyzed both COS and CO2 reactions in soil, but in other cases the specificity towards the two substrates differed markedly. CA activity for COS was related to fungal taxa and β-D-CA expression, whereas CA activity for CO2 was related to algal and bacterial taxa and α-CA expression. This study integrates gas exchange measurements, enzyme activity models, and characterization of soil taxonomic and genetic diversity to build connections between CA activity and the soil microbiome. Importantly, our results identify kinetic parameters to represent soil CA activity during application of COS and CO18O as carbon cycle tracers.
Asymmetric assembly of high-value α-functionalized organic acids using a biocatalytic chiral-group-resetting process
Authors: Song Wei , Wang Jin-Hui , Wu Jing , Liu Jia , Chen Xiu-Lai , Liu Li-Ming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe preparation of α-functionalized organic acids can be greatly simplified by adopting a protocol involving the catalytic assembly of achiral building blocks. However, the enzymatic assembly of small amino acids and aldehydes to form numerous α-functionalized organic acids is highly desired and remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report an artificially designed chiral-group-resetting biocatalytic process, which uses simple achiral glycine and aldehydes to synthesize stereodefined α-functionalized organic acids. This cascade biocatalysis comprises a basic module and three different extender modules and operates in a modular assembly manner. The engineered Escherichia coli catalysts, which contained different module(s), provide access to α-keto acids, α-hydroxy acids, and α-amino acids with excellent conversion and enantioselectivities. Therefore, this biocatalytic process provides an attractive strategy for the conversion of low-cost achiral starting materials to high-value α-functionalized organic acids.
Child Weight Gain Trajectories Linked To Oral Microbiota Composition
Authors: Craig Sarah J. C. , Blankenberg Daniel , Parodi Alice Carla Luisa , Paul Ian M. , Birch Leann L. , Savage Jennifer S. , Marini Michele E. , Stokes Jennifer L. , Nekrutenko Anton , Reimherr Matthew , Chiaromonte Francesca , Makova Kateryna D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGut and oral microbiota perturbations have been observed in obese adults and adolescents; less is known about their influence on weight gain in young children. Here we analyzed the gut and oral microbiota of 226 two-year-olds with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Weight and length were measured at seven time points and used to identify children with rapid infant weight gain (a strong risk factor for childhood obesity), and to derive growth curves with innovative Functional Data Analysis (FDA) techniques. We showed that growth curves were associated negatively with diversity, and positively with the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, of the oral microbiota. We also demonstrated an association between the gut microbiota and child growth, even after controlling for the effect of diet on the microbiota. Lastly, we identified several bacterial genera that were associated with child growth patterns. These results suggest that by the age of two, the oral microbiota of children with rapid infant weight gain may have already begun to establish patterns often seen in obese adults. They also suggest that the gut microbiota at age two, while strongly influenced by diet, does not harbor obesity signatures many researchers identified in later life stages.
In silico and in vivo analyses of the mutated human tissue plasminogen activator (mtPA) and the antithetical effects of P19 silencing suppressor on its expression in two Nicotiana species
Authors: Amiri Mahshid , Jalali-Javaran Mokhtar , Haddad Raheem , Ehsani Parastoo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHuman tissue-type plasminogen activator is one of the most important therapeutic proteins involved in the breakdown of blood clots following the stroke. A mutation was found at position 1541 bp (G514E) and the mutated form was cloned into the binary vector pTRAc-ERH.In silicoanalysis showed that this mutation might have no significant effect on the active site of the tissue plasminogen activator enzyme. Accordingly, zymography assay confirmed the serine protease activity of the mutated form and its derivatives. The expression of the mutated form was verified with/without co-agroinjection of theP19gene silencing suppressor in bothNicotiana tabacumandN.benthamiana. The ELISA results showed that the concentration of the mutated form in the absence of P19 was 0.65% and 0.74% of total soluble protein versus 0.141% and 1.36% in the presence of P19 inN.benthamianaandN.tabacum, respectively. InN.tabacum, co-agroinjection of P19 had the synergistic effect and increased the mutated tissue plasminogen activator production two-fold higher. However, inN.benthamiana, the presence of P19 had the adverse effect of five-fold reduction in the concentration. Moreover, results showed that the activity of the mutated form and its derivatives was more than that of the purified commercial tissue plasminogen activator.
Elevated Risk of Infections after Spinal Cord Surgery in Relation to Preoperative Pressure Ulcers: a Follow-up Study
Authors: Yang Lei-luo , Peng Wu-xun , Wang Chun-qing , Li Qing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFactors associated with infections after spinal cord surgery were not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative pressure ulcers was a risk factor of infections after spinal cord operation. A 1:1 matched follow-up study was performed in a tertiary referral center in southwest China between 2010 and 2015. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression analysis. A total of 334 patients with spinal cord surgery were recruited (167 patients with preoperative pressure ulcers and 167 patients without preoperative pressure ulcers). Participants previously exposed to pressure ulcers had an elevated risk of infections post spinal cord operation including surgical site infection (RR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.7), pneumonia (RR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1,5.3), urinary tract infection (RR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 7.3), any kinds of postoperative infections (RR: 3.4, 95% CI: 2.1, 5.6) and 30-day postoperative hospitalization for infections (RR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 6.0). The associations between preoperative pressure ulcers in stage III to IV and postoperative infections were also pronounced, but towards null in stage I to II. The study showed an increased risk of infections after spinal cord surgery in patients with preoperative pressure ulcers, indicative of an urgent need for monitoring postoperative infections and medical treatment for patients with pressure sores.
Expanding Greenland seagrass meadows contribute new sediment carbon sinks
Authors: Marbà Núria , Krause-Jensen Dorte , Masqué Pere , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe loss of natural carbon sinks, such as seagrass meadows, contributes to grenhouse gas emissions and, thus, global warming. Whereas seagrass meadows are declining in temperate and tropical regions, they are expected to expand into the Arctic with future warming. Using paleoreconstruction of carbon burial and sources of organic carbon to shallow coastal sediments of three Greenland seagrass (Zostera marina) meadows of contrasting density and age, we test the hypothesis that Arctic seagrass meadows are expanding along with the associated sediment carbon sinks. We show that sediments accreted before 1900 were highly 13C depleted, indicative of low inputs of seagrass carbon, whereas from 1940’s to present carbon burial rates increased greatly and sediment carbon stocks were largely enriched with seagrass material. Currently, the increase of seagrass carbon inputs to sediments of lush and dense meadows (Kapisillit and Ameralik) was 2.6 fold larger than that of sparse meadows with low biomass (Kobbefjord). Our results demonstrate an increasing important role of Arctic seagrass meadows in supporting sediment carbon sinks, likely to be enhanced with future Arctic warming.
Time course of focused ultrasound effects on β-amyloid plaque pathology in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Poon Charissa T. , Shah Kairavi , Lin Chiungting , Tse Ryan , Kim Kate K. , Mooney Skyler , Aubert Isabelle , Stefanovic Bojana , Hynynen Kullervo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that temporarily increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier using focused ultrasound can reduce β-amyloid plaque load and improve cognitive function in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the underlying mechanism and duration for which the effects of one treatment persists for are unknown. Here, we used in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy to track changes in β-amyloid plaque sizes in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease after one focused ultrasound treatment. We found that one treatment reduced plaques to 62 ± 16% (p ≤ 0.001) of their original volume two days post-sonication; this decrease in size persisted for two weeks. We then sought to evaluate the effectiveness of biweekly focused ultrasound treatments using magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound treatments. Three to five biweekly treatments resulted in a 27 ± 7% (p ≤ 0.01) decrease in plaque number and 40 ± 10% (p ≤ 0.01) decrease in plaque surface area compared to untreated littermates. This study demonstrates that one focused ultrasound treatment reduces the size of existing β-amyloid plaques for two weeks, and that repeated biweekly focused ultrasound treatments is an effective method of reducing β-amyloid pathology in moderate-to-late stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
A transgenic zebrafish model for in vivo long-term imaging of retinotectal synaptogenesis
Authors: Du Xu-fei , Xu Bing , Zhang Yu , Chen Min-jia , Du Jiu-lin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe retinotectal synapse in larval zebrafish, combined with live time-lapse imaging, provides an advantageous model for study of the development and remodelling of central synapses in vivo. In previous studies, these synapses were labelled by transient expression of fluorescence-tagged synaptic proteins, which resulted in the dramatic variation of labelling patterns in each larva. Here, using GAL4-Upstream Activating Sequence (GAL4-UAS) methodology, we generated stable transgenic lines, which express EGFP-tagged synaptophysin (a presynaptic protein) in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), to reliably label the pre-synaptic site of retinotectal synapses. This tool avoids the variable labelling of RGCs that occurs in transient transgenic larvae. We obtained several stable transgenic lines that differ consistently in the number of labelled RGCs. Using stable lines that consistently had a single labelled RGC, we could trace synaptogenic dynamics on an individual RGC axonal arbor across different developmental stages. In the stable lines that consistently had multiple labelled RGCs, we could simultaneously monitor both pre- and post-synaptic compartments by combining transient labelling of post-synaptic sites on individual tectal neurons. These tools allowed us to investigate molecular events underlying synaptogenesis and found that the microRNA-132 (miR-132) is required for developmental synaptogenesis. Thus, these transgenic zebrafish stable lines provide appropriate tools for studying central synaptogenesis and underlying molecular mechanisms in intact vertebrate brain.
Molecular hydrogen protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse fatty liver model via regulating HO-1 and Sirt1 expression
Authors: Li Shaowei , Fujino Masayuki , Ichimaru Naotsugu , Kurokawa Ryosuke , Hirano Shinichi , Mou Lisha , Takahara Shiro , Takahara Terumi , Li Xiao-Kang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFatty liver has lower tolerance against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in liver operations, including liver transplantation. Seeking to ameliorate liver injury following I/R in fatty liver, we examined the protective effect of hydrogen (H2) saline on I/R liver injury in a methionine and choline-deficient plus high fat (MCDHF) diet-induced fatty liver mouse model. Saline containing 7 ppm H2 was administrated during the process of I/R. Livers were obtained and analyzed. Primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs) were obtained from fatty liver and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Apoptosis-related proteins and components of the signaling pathway were analyzed after treatment with hydrogen gas. The MCDHF I/R group showed higher levels of AST and ALT in serum, TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells, F4/80 immunopositive cells, mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, constituents of the signaling pathway, pro-apoptotic molecules in liver, and KCs and/or primary hepatocytes, compared to the control group. In contrast, H2 treatment significantly suppressed the signs of I/R injury in fatty liver. Moreover, the expression of Bcl-2, HO-1, and Sirt1 in liver, KCs, and hepatocytes by hydrogen gas were increased, whereas caspase activation, Bax, and acetylation of p53 were suppressed by hydrogen gas. These results demonstrated that H2 treatment ameliorated I/R liver injury in a fatty liver model by reducing hepatocyte apoptosis, inhibiting macrophage activation and inflammatory cytokines, and inducing HO-1 and Sirt1 expression. Taken togather, treatment with H2 saline may have a protective effect and safe therapeutic activity during I/R events, such as in liver transplantation with fatty liver.
Spinosad resistance affects biological parameters of Musca domestica Linnaeus
Authors: Khan Hafiz Azhar Ali 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMusca domesticais one of the major cosmopolitan insect pests of public health importance. Spinosad is considered an eco-friendly insecticide used for the management ofM.domesticaand other pests of significant concern. Cases of resistance against spinosad inM.domesticahave been reported from some parts of the world; however, there are no reports of any negative effects of spinosad resistance on the fitness/biological parameters ofM.domestica. To investigate fitness costs, a near isogenicM.domesticaresistant strain (Spin-R) was constructed using Spin-UNSEL-susceptible and Spin-SEL-resistant strains sharing a close genetic background. We found significantly reduced rates of adult eclosion, fecundity, egg hatching, survival, and lengthened developmental time in the Spin-R strain. Moreover, the values of different fitness parameters like biotic potential, mean relative growth rate, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and net reproductive rate, were also significantly reduced in the Spin-R strain, which reflect fitness costs most probably linked with spinosad resistance. The presence of fitness costs suggests likely instability of resistance to spinosad inM.domestica, which can be reverted by relaxing spinosad selection pressure and rotation with alternate insecticides. The wise use of insecticides will ultimately help to manage resistance in this pest and minimize environmental pollution.
Detection of Novel duck reovirus (NDRV) using visual reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)
Authors: Li Zhili , Cai Yuejia , Liang Guozhi , El-Ashram Saeed , Mei Minmin , Huang Wenjing , Li Xiaowen , Li Wenfeng , He Cheng , Huang Shujian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHere we present a visual reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for detecting the gene encoding the σB major outer-capsid protein of novel duck reovirus (NDRV). A set of primers, composed of two outer primers, two inner primers and two loop primers, was designed based on the gene of interest. The LAMP reaction was conducted in a traditional laboratory water bath at 65 °C for 50 min. We compared the performance of calcein/Mn2+ and SYBR Green I dyes, as well as electrophoresis on agarose gel stained with GoldView nucleic acid dye to detect the RT-LAMP-amplified products and all assays could be employed to discriminate between positive and negative specimens in visible or UV light. Our data showed that there is no cross-reaction with other viruses and the RT-LAMP technique displayed high sensitivity for detecting NDRV with a minimal detection limit of 200 fg RNA input. This assay was more sensitive than conventional PCR in detecting NDRV both in natural and experimental infection. In conclusion, the RT-LAMP technique was remarkably sensitive, specific, rapid, simple and profitable for the identification of NDRV.
Distinct profile and prognostic impact of body composition changes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
Authors: Suzuki Yuzo , Yoshimura Katsuhiro , Enomoto Yasunori , Yasui Hideki , Hozumi Hironao , Karayama Masato , Furuhashi Kazuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Suda Takafumi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChange in body composition with skeletal muscle wasting, a major component of pulmonary cachexia, is associated with mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer. However, its relevance in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) remains unclear. We hypothesized changes in body composition would be associated with mortality in ILDs. We measured the cross-sectional-area (ESMCSA) and muscle attenuation (ESMMA) of erector-spinae muscles, as determined by CT-imaging, in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; n = 131) and idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (iPPFE; n = 43) and controls. Subsequently, implications with prognosis were evaluated. The ESMCSA of ILD patients, but not ESMMA, was significantly smaller than that in controls. Lower ESMCSA with decreased BMI were recorded in iPPFE patients versus IPF patients, whilst IPF patients had decreased ESMCSA without BMI decline. Lower ESMCSA in IPF patients were associated with poorer prognoses. Conversely, decreased ESMMA were associated with worse survival in iPPFE patients. Multivariate analyses showed that ESMCSA in IPF and ESMMA in iPPFE were independent risk factors for mortality. Distinct changes in body composition had prognostic significance among patients with IPF and iPPFE. Lower ESMCSA and ESMMA were independently associated with poor prognosis in IPF and iPPFE, respectively. These results suggest values to measure body composition changes in managing patients with IPF and iPPFE.
TGF-β1 promotes expression of fibrosis-related genes through the induction of histone variant H3.3 and histone chaperone HIRA
Authors: Shindo Toshihiro , Doi Shigehiro , Nakashima Ayumu , Sasaki Kensuke , Arihiro Koji , Masaki Takao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRenal fibrosis is a histological manifestation that occurs in almost every type of chronic kidney disease. Histone variant H3.3 and its chaperone, histone cell cycle regulation defective homolog A (HIRA), serve as epigenetic marks that regulate transcriptional activity. In this study, we assessed the roles of histone H3.3 and HIRA in unilateral ureteral-obstruction (UUO) mice. In UUO mice, the levels of histone H3.3 and HIRA were significantly upregulated in the kidneys. These upregulated levels were decreased by a TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. TGF-β1 induced histone H3.3 and HIRA expression in vitro via a Smad3-dependent pathway in normal rat kidney (NRK)−52E cells. Additionally, knockdown of HIRA expression decreased histone H3.3 expression and fibrogenesis in NRK-52E cells after TGF-β1 stimulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that promoters of fibrosis-related genes were immunoprecipitated with both histone H3.3 and HIRA in NRK-52E cells. Lastly, in human kidney biopsies from patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy, histone H3.3 and HIRA immunostaining correlated positively with areas of fibrosis and estimated glomerular filtration rate. In conclusion, TGF-β1 induces expression of histone H3.3 and HIRA, which regulates expression of fibrosis-related genes.