bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efektifitas Berkumur Rebusan Daun Sirih Dibandingkan Rebusan Daun Saga terhadap Perubahan Derajat Keasaman Air Ludah
Authors: Wilis Ratna , Andriani Andriani 
Published: March 2018

Extract from betel leaf stew and saga leaves to gargle can change the pH of saliva. Changes are measured by a pH of 0-14 to saliva, alkaline, and neutrality. By 2013, nationwide primary school children who experience dental and mouth problems of 25,9%, the picture shows that dental and oral health status is still problematic. The objective of the study was to measure the effectiveness of gargling with the decoction of betel leaf and the decoction of saga leaves to the degree of acidity of saliva in the students. The research design is quasi-experiment, conducted on 26 elementary students of Banda Aceh as many as 60 students and divided into 3 groups. Collecting data by measuring saliva pH between gargling with betel leaf stew and sago leaf stew, both before and after treatments. Data analysis used T-Test statistic at CI:95%. The result of the research was descriptive of saliva pH average after rinsing with betel leaf (6,9), higher than saliva pH after gargling with saga leaf (7,3). This shows a significant difference between after goulash stewing betel leaves after gargling stew saga leaves (p<0,05). In conclusion, gargle stew of betel leaf is more effective compared to glyskin sago stew to the change of pH saliva acidity degree. Suggestion, use of leaf saga as a mouthwash is very good for the community through the addition of other concentrates so as to have a favorite aroma of the community.Keywords: Saliva, acidity, pH, betel and saga leaf extractSari dari rebusan daun sirih dan daun saga untuk berkumur dapat mengalami perubahan pH air ludah. Perubahan diukur dengan pH skala 0 – 14 terhadap keasaman ludah, basa dan netral. Tahun 2013, secara nasional anak-anak sekolah dasar yang mengalami permasalahan gigi dan mulut sebesar 25,9%, gambaran tersebut menunjukan bahwa status kesehatan gigi dan mulut masih bermasalah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengukur efektifitas berkumur dengan rebusan daun sirih dan rebusan daun saga terhadap perubahan derajat keasaman air ludah pada siswa. Desain peneltian yaitu kuasi eksperimen, yang dilakukan pada siswa SDN 26 Banda Aceh sebanyak 60 siswa dan dibagi kedalam 3 kelompok. Pengumpulan data melalui pengukuran pH saliva antara berkumur dengan rebusan daun sirih dan rebusan daun saga, baik sebelum maupun setelah treatmen. Analisis data digunakan statistik T-Test pada CI:95%. Hasil penelitian terdeskripsi rerata pH saliva setelah berkumur dengan daun sirih (6,9), lebih tinggi dari pH saliva setelah berkumur dengan daun saga (7,3). Hal tersebut menunjukan perbedaan signifikan antara setelah berkumur rebusan daun sirih dengan setelah berkumur rebusan daun saga (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan, berkumur rebusan daun sirih lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan berkumur rebusan daun saga terhadap perubahan derajat keasaman pH saliva. Saran, pengunaan daun saga sebagai obat kumur sangat baik bagi masyarakat melalui penambahan konsentrat lain sehingga memiliki aroma yang disenangi masyarakat.Kata kunci: Air ludah, keasaman, pH, sari daun sirih dan saga
TEMUAN BELIUNG DI KAWASAN DANAU: STUDI KASUS DI KAWASAN BEBERAPA RANU DI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Kasnowihardjo Gunadi 
Published: March 2018

The stone adze, both rectangular adze or pick adze, is one of the Neolithic tools’s characteristics. In the Asia-Pacific region, stone adze is contemporaneous with the spreading of Austronesian speakers. In East Java province two types of stone tools were found in the lakes region, that assumed as a past settlement. Stone adzes found in the lakes region sites are new data that can complement the data related to the distribution of stone adze in Java, particularly in East Java. Is it true that the findings of the stone adze has a connection with the humans that inhabitants the lake area? Based of these research questions, this research need to be conducted. To answer the research question, spatial archaeological approach issued and also a petrographic analysis of several stone adze samples and stone adze’s rocks material from these research need to be conducted.
RELIEF CANDI SEBAGAI MEDIA EFEKTIF UNTUK MENYAMPAIKAN INFORMASI MORAL-DIDAKTIF PADA MASA JAWA KUNA
Authors: Lelono Hari 
Published: March 2018

The establishment of temple as sacred buildings of Shivaism/Buddhism in Ancient Javanese Period aimed to worship gods. Temples are, decorated by reliefs contain moraleducational message to support their aim. Stories or non stories depicted on the relief functioned as information/publication medium for adult as well as children. This article examines why relief was used in Hinduism-Buddhism Period to deliver moral-educational message to them. Methods used is observation on the relief stories carved on temples in Central and East Jav, analysis, and interpretation based on literature study.
RELASI SOSIAL BUDAYA ATA KROWE DAN GUNUNG MAPITARA
Authors: Taniardi Putri Novita 
Published: March 2018

This paper discusses about a relation between Mount Mapitara and Ata Krowe. Mount Mapitara is a sacred mountain that has a special meaning for Ata Krowe. Ata Krowe is a name for Krowe people who lived in Krowe adat area in Kabupaten Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara on Flores Island. The question raised in this paper is: what is the meaning of Mount Mapitara for Ata Krowe and how does that meaning was symbolized by material culture among Ata Krowe. To answer these questions, the research has been conducted to explore the way material culture were being used as symbols that related to the existence of Mount Mapitara. This study is applying this study was applying theory of symbols which refer to Michael Shanks and Christopher Tilley’s theory of ideology, symbolic power, and ritual communication. This theory was applied to identifiy the use of material cultures as symbol in a certain place and to define the symbol that related to Mount Mapitara. The research result indicate that there is material culture named wu’a mahe that has special meaning for Ata Krowe. Wu’a mahe is a stone altar that believed as a place where the ancestor had lived, before they were getting purified and move into Mount Mapitara as a perpetual place to stay. This paper is focusing on the relation between Mount Mapitara and Ata Krowe that can be seen from the use of material culture as symbols. Tulisan ini mendiskusikan tentang relasi antara gunung Mapitara dan Ata Krowe. Gunung Mapitara adalah gunung yang disakralkan dan memiliki makna penting bagi Ata Krowe. Ata Krowe adalah sebutan bagi orang-orang yang tinggal di wilayah adat Krowe di Kabupaten Sikka, Nusa Tenggara Timur di Pulau Flores. Pertanyaan yang dimunculkan dalam tulisan ini adalah apa makna Gunung Mapitara bagi Ata Krowe dan bagaimana pemaknaan tersebut disimbolkan dengan budaya materi yang ada pada Ata Krowe. Untuk menjawab pertanyaanpertanyaan tersebut, penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menggali informasi penggunaan budaya materi sebagai simbol yang berelasi dengan keberadaan Gunung Mapitara. Studi ini menerapkan teori simbol, merujuk teori yang digunakan oleh Michael Shanks dan Christopher Tilley: idelogi, kuasa simbolis, dan komunikasi ritual. Teori ini diterapkan untuk mengindentifikasi penggunaan budaya materi sebagai simbol yang ada pada tempat tertentu dan mendefinisikan simbol yang berelasi dengan Gunung Mapitara. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat budaya materi bernama wu’a mahe yang memiliki makna khusus bagi Ata Krowe. Wu’a mahe adalah altar batu yang dipercaya sebagai tempat tinggal arwah leluhur sebelum disucikan dan nantinya pindah ke Gunung Mapitara sebagai tempat tinggal abadinya. Secara khusus, tulisan ini menekankan pada relasi antara Gunung Mapitara dan Ata Krowe dengan memperhatikan penggunaan budaya materi sebagai simbol.
Triggering the Activation of Main-belt Comets: The Effect of Porosity
Authors: Haghighipour N. , Maindl T. I. , Schäfer C. M. , Wandel O. J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
It has been suggested that the comet-like activity of Main-belt comets (MBCs) is due to the sublimation of sub-surface water-ice that is exposed when these objects are impacted by meter-sized bodies. We recently examined this scenario and showed that such impacts can, in fact, excavate ice and present a plausible mechanism for triggering the activation of MBCs. However, because the purpose of that study was to prove the concept and identify the most viable ice-longevity model, the porosity of the object and the loss of ice due to the heat of impact were ignored. In this paper, we extend our impact simulations to porous materials and account for the loss of ice due to an impact. We show that for a porous MBC, impact craters are deeper, reaching to ∼15 m, implying that if the activation of MBCs is due to the sublimation of sub-surface ice, this ice has to be within the top 15 m of the object. Results also indicate that the loss of ice due to the heat of impact is negligible, and the re-accretion of ejected ice is small. The latter suggests that the activities of current MBCs are most probably from multiple impact sites. Our study also indicates that for sublimation from multiple sites to account for the observed activity of the currently known MBCs, the water content of MBCs (and their parent asteroids) needs to be larger than the values traditionally considered in models of terrestrial planet formation.
Enrichment of Zinc in Galactic Chemodynamical Evolution Models
Authors: Hirai Yutaka , Saitoh Takayuki R. , Ishimaru Yuhri , Wanajo Shinya 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The heaviest iron-peak element Zinc (Zn) has been used as an important tracer of cosmic chemical evolution. Spectroscopic observations of the metal-poor stars in Local Group galaxies show an increasing trend of [Zn/Fe] ratios toward lower metallicity. However, the enrichment of Zn in galaxies is not well understood due to poor knowledge of astrophysical sites of Zn, as well as metal mixing in galaxies. Here we show possible explanations for the observed trend by taking into account electron-capture supernovae (ECSNe) as one of the sources of Zn in our chemodynamical simulations of dwarf galaxies. We find that the ejecta from ECSNe contribute to stars with [Zn/Fe] ≳ 0.5. We also find that scatters of [Zn/Fe] in higher metallicities originate from the ejecta of type Ia supernovae. On the other hand, it appears difficult to explain the observed trends if we do not consider ECSNe as a source of Zn. These results come from an inhomogeneous spatial metallicity distribution due to the inefficiency of the metal mixing. We find that the optimal value of the scaling factor for the metal diffusion coefficient is ∼0.01 in the shear-based metal mixing model in smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. These results suggest that ECSNe could be one of the contributors of the enrichment of Zn in galaxies.
Gravitational Theories near the Galactic Center
Authors: Kalita Sanjeev 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Upcoming Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) are promising probes of gravity in or near the galactic center (GC). Effects of alternative theories of gravity, namely the Brans–Dicke theory (BDT) and f(R) gravity, are studied near the GC black hole by calculating departure from general relativity (GR) in periastron advance of the S stars and light deflection. For these estimations, black hole spin and quadrupole moments are taken in the ranges χ = 0.1–2.0 and

, respectively. Periastron advance (

) has been calculated for hypothetical S stars with orbital period one-fifth of S0-2 and eccentricity e = 0.8. The difference between BDT and GR (

) lies in the range 10−3–2.3 μas yr−1, even for a large departure from GR. The difference between quadrupoles

and J
2 = 2.0 lies in the range

. These ranges are not only outside the astrometric capability of the ELTs, but are also contaminated by stellar perturbations. Parameter degeneracy among χ, J
2, and

is discussed. For black hole–S-star distances, D
LS = 100 and 50 au, the difference in light deflection between BDT and GR lies in the range

, making it difficult to distinguish them. From the relation between scalaron mass,

in f(R) gravity, and calculated

, it is found that

can form a stable “dark cloud” near the black hole. Scalarons with

are found to bring

close to the astrometric range of the ELTs. Prospects for these scalarons in the tests of gravity are discussed.
Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the forearm
Authors: Asokan B. , Ramanan P. , Sundararaj M. , Kovarthini E. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAlveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare form of soft-tissue sarcoma arising from connective tissue. It is most often seen in adolescents and young adults and has high propensity for recurrence and metastasis. Clinically, it mimics haemangioma or arteriovenous malformations. In our case report, an 18-year-old female presented with markedly vascular tumour in the left forearm, for which excision biopsy was done. Histopathological report revealed ASPS. The patient was screened for metastasis. Ultrasound abdomen, computed tomography (CT) chest, CT brain and whole-body skeletal survey was done. The patient was found to have bilateral pulmonary metastasis. The patient was given 6 cycles of chemotherapy with adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and vincristine. There was no locoregional and pulmonary recurrence for 11 months after being treated by excision of the tumour followed by chemotherapy.
The conundrum of deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in burns in India and review of literature
Authors: Shirol S. S. , Kodaganur Srinivas , Rao M. Raghavendra , Tiwari Vinaykumar 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim is to assess the practice of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis among the plastic surgeons attending National Academy of Burns India Conference 2012 (NABICON 2012). Background: DVT prophylaxis in burns is a controversial issue as there is no consensus among the community of burn surgeons about the prevalence of DVT, the incidence of pulmonary embolism, the indications for DVT prophylaxis, dosage and duration of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) and the complications related to DVT and LMWH. Methodology: A survey was conducted among plastic surgeons attending the NABICON 2012 held at New Delhi, by circulating a questionnaire. The respondents were divided into two groups based on whether burns constituted more than or less than 50% of their practice. The data thus collected were tabulated and analysed. Results: Almost 70% of all the respondents practice some form of DVT prophylaxis. There was significantly higher incidence of complications related to the use of LMWH among the surgeons whose practice of burns was >50%. There was no significant difference between the two groups in relation to the incidence and complication of DVT or recommendation of DVT prophylaxis. Conclusion: Majority of plastic surgeons practice DVT prophylaxis routinely and consider multiple criteria such as percentage of burns, age, lower limb involvement, the degree of burns and associated co-morbidities for starting the LMWH.
Acetic acid dressings: Finding the Holy Grail for infected wound management
Authors: Agrawal Kapil S. , Sarda Anup Vidyadhar , Shrotriya Raghav , Bachhav Manoj , Puri Vinita , Nataraj Gita 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Wounds have since long, contributed majorly to the health-care burden. Infected long-standing non-healing wounds place many demands on the treating surgeon and are devastating for the patients physically, nutritionally, vocationally, financially, psychologically and socially. Acetic acid has long been included among agents used in the treatment of infected wounds. In this study, we have evaluated the use of acetic acid for topical application in the treatment of infected wounds. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients with infected wounds were treated with topical application of 1% acetic acid as dressing material after appropriate cleaning. A specimen of wound swab was collected before first application and further on days 3, 7, 10 and 14. Daily dressings of wounds were done similarly. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of acetic acid against various organisms isolated was determined. Results: The patients treated ranged between 9 and 60 years, with the mean age 33 years. Nearly 70% of patients were male. Aetiologies of wounds: infective 35, diabetic 25, trauma 20, burns 10, venous ulcers 5 and infected graft donor site 5. Various microorganisms isolated include Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40%), Staphylococcus aureus (2%), Acinetobacter (12%), Escherichia Coli (5%), Proteus mirabilis (3%), Klebsiella (18%), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (10%), Streptococcus (2%) and Enterococcus (1%), Citrobacter (1%). Few wounds (6%) also isolated fungi. About 28%, 64% and 8% of patients isolated no growth on culture after 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. MIC of all isolated organisms was ≤0.5%. Conclusion: pH of the wound environment plays a pivotal role in wound healing. Acetic acid with concentration of 1% has shown to be efficacious against wide range of bacteria as well as fungi, simultaneously accelerating wound healing. Acetic acid is non-toxic, inexpensive, easily available and efficient topical agent for effective elimination of wound infections caused due to multi-drug resistant, large variety of bacteria and fungus.
A learning module in hair restoration surgery: A simple and economic method to learn all steps of strip method of hair follicles harvesting and implantation
Authors: Garg Anil Kumar , Garg Seema 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: There is a global increase in demand for hair transplant as well as increasing demand for trained assistants and surgeons. It is a fact that permanent donor hair follicles are limited and any loss during learning is permanent and irreversible, so there is no place to learn and/or practice on a patient. Objective: To develop a learning module in hair restoration surgery to learn all steps of strip method of hair follicles harvesting and methods of implantation. Materials and Methods: In this learning module, the materials used are paper, pencil, plant leaf, foam and thread. The last step is on goat skin. Module has been divided into multiple steps. The first step is training of microsurgery position, the second step is training of movement at wrist using paper and pencil, the third step is strip harvesting and slivering on foam model, the fourth step is learning of follicle dissection on leaf model, the fifth step is thread follicle implantation on leaf bed. After practising on non-living model finally, all steps are practised on goatskin, starting from slivering, follicle dissection and implantation of goat follicles on leaf. Conclusion: This is very economical and user-friendly system to learn all steps of strip method of hair follicle harvesting and methods of implantation as well. The materials used are available around us and anyone can learn as well as train his or her technicians in very short time.
Three component cartilage framework reconstruction for correction of post-traumatic nasal septal collapse
Authors: Bhat Uday , Gupta Tarush , Nair Mahesh , Mantri Mayur , Pawar Mangesh , Baliarsing Amresh 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: Post-traumatic nasal septal collapse results in flat, broad, non-projecting nose due to mid-vault collapse. These patients may have airway obstruction due to poorly supported internal valve. Traditional techniques like ‘cantilever graft technique’ or conventional ‘L-graft technique’ produce a rigid lobule as the single unit framework extends to the tip. These grafts also lack in internal valve support. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients with post-traumatic nasal septal collapse were treated with three component cartilage framework technique in the past 3 years. The framework was reconstructed in three components-septal, columellar and dorsal onlay; using costal cartilage. If needed, upper lateral cartilage support grafts were also provided. Results: At 6 months’ follow-up, all 12 patients were satisfied with the outcome. The nasal projection and dorsal definition were aesthetically pleasing, and there was free natural movement of the lobular part of the nose. One graft was revised for further improvement in outcome. Airway obstruction, when present was also relieved. Conclusion: This technique has distinct advantages over the conventional techniques as the framework of separate components maintains pliability of the lobule, supports the internal valve and offers good control of aesthetic needs.
A novel technique using a subcutaneously pedicled islanded prolabial flap for the secondary correction of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity
Authors: Mokal Nitin J. , Desai Mahinoor Feroze 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Context: The bilateral cleft lip and nose deformity frequently requires lip revision surgery at the time of secondary rhinoplasty. The goal is to achieve an adequate philtrum with a well-shaped Cupid's bow, white roll alignment and a central vermilion tubercle. Aims: We have devised a new technique of using prolabial tissue tailored as an island of skin based on a subcutaneous pedicle for the secondary reconstruction of the philtral aesthetic unit in patients with bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Settings and Design: This technique was used in 21 patients from March 2012 to August 2015. All patients had undergone primary lip repair at other institutions and required lip revision with simultaneous rhinoplasty. Subjects and Methods: The objective criteria considered in the post-operative evaluation by the authors included improvement of philtral ridge projection, symmetry of philtral column and nasal sill and white roll continuity. The ten individual parameters were given a score from 1 to 4 (with 1 = lowest and 4 = highest for each individual parameter) and the total score was rated as 31–40 = excellent, 21–30 = good, 11–20 = fair and 0–10 = Poor. The patients’ overall satisfaction was assessed at 6 months postoperatively to record their impression of the aesthetic improvement after our procedure. Results: The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 3 years. The prolabial flap had no post-operative complications. The authors’ assessment judged 15 (71.4%) patients as having an excellent outcome and 6 (28.5%) patients as having a good outcome. All patients expressed subjective satisfaction with the post-operative appearance of their upper lip and rated their results as improved and overall satisfaction scoring was high. Conclusions: This technique is a new addition to the repertoire of procedures which already exist for the correction of bilateral cleft lip nose deformity. It is safe, reliable and has a good aesthetic outcome with no significant morbidity.