bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Robotics
Authors: Burdet Etienne , Franklin David W. , Milner Theodore E. 
Published: March 2019

A synthesis of biomechanics and neural control that draws on recent advances in robotics to address control problems solved by the human sensorimotor system.
This book proposes a transdisciplinary approach to investigating human motor control that synthesizes musculoskeletal biomechanics and neural control. The authors argue that this integrated approach—which uses the framework of robotics to understand sensorimotor control problems—offers a more complete and accurate description than either a purely neural computational approach or a purely biomechanical one.
The authors offer an account of motor control in which explanatory models are based on experimental evidence using mathematical approaches reminiscent of physics. These computational models yield algorithms for motor control that may be used as tools to investigate or treat diseases of the sensorimotor system and to guide the development of algorithms and hardware that can be incorporated into products designed to assist with the tasks of daily living.
The authors focus on the insights their approach offers in understanding how movement of the arm is controlled and how the control adapts to changing environments. The book begins with muscle mechanics and control, progresses in a logical manner to planning and behavior, and describes applications in neurorehabilitation and robotics. The material is self-contained, and accessible to researchers and professionals in a range of fields, including psychology, kinesiology, neurology, computer science, and robotics.
Computer Games for Learning
Authors: Mayer Richard E. 
Published: March 2019

A comprehensive and up-to-date investigation of what research shows about the educational value of computer games for learning.
Many strong claims are made for the educational value of computer games, but there is a need for systematic examination of the research evidence that might support such claims. This book fills that need by providing, a comprehensive and up-to-date investigation of what research shows about learning with computer games.
Computer Games for Learning describes three genres of game research: the value-added approach, which compares the learning outcomes of students who learn with a base version of a game to those of students who learn with the base version plus an additional feature; the cognitive consequences approach, which compares learning outcomes of students who play an off-the-shelf computer game for extended periods to those of students who do not; and the media comparative approach, which compares the learning outcomes of students who learn material by playing a game to those of students who learn the same material using conventional media.
After introductory chapters that describe the rationale and goals of learning game research as well as the relevance of cognitive science to learning with games, the book offers examples of research in all three genres conducted by the author and his colleagues at the University of California, Santa Barbara; meta-analyses of published research; and suggestions for future research in the field. The book is essential reading for researchers and students of educational games, instructional designers, learning-game developers, and anyone who wants to know what the research has to say about the educational effectiveness of computer games.
The Software Arts
Authors: Sack Warren 
Published: March 2019

An alternative history of software that places the liberal arts at the very center of software's evolution.
In The Software Arts, Warren Sack offers an alternative history of computing that places the arts at the very center of software's evolution. Tracing the origins of software to eighteenth-century French encyclopedists' step-by-step descriptions of how things were made in the workshops of artists and artisans, Sack shows that programming languages are the offspring of an effort to describe the mechanical arts in the language of the liberal arts.
Sack offers a reading of the texts of computing—code, algorithms, and technical papers—that emphasizes continuity between prose and programs. He translates concepts and categories from the liberal and mechanical arts—including logic, rhetoric, grammar, learning, algorithm, language, and simulation—into terms of computer science and then considers their further translation into popular culture, where they circulate as forms of digital life. He considers, among other topics, the “arithmetization” of knowledge that presaged digitization; today's multitude of logics; the history of demonstration, from deduction to newer forms of persuasion; and the post-Chomsky absence of meaning in grammar. With The Software Arts, Sack invites artists and humanists to see how their ideas are at the root of software and invites computer scientists to envision themselves as artists and humanists.
Positive Computing
Authors: Calvo Rafael A. , Peters Dorian 
Published: March 2019

A case for building a digital environment that can make us happier and healthier, not just more productive, and a theoretical framework for doing so.
On the eve of Google's IPO in 2004, Larry Page and Sergey Brin vowed not to be evil. Today, a growing number of technologists would go further, trying to ensure that their work actively improves people's lives. Technology, so pervasive and ubiquitous, has the capacity to increase stress and suffering; but it also has the less-heralded potential to improve the well-being of individuals, society, and the planet. In this book, Rafael Calvo and Dorian Peters investigate what they term “positive computing”—the design and development of technology to support psychological well-being and human potential.
Calvo and Peters explain that technologists' growing interest in social good is part of a larger public concern about how our digital experience affects our emotions and our quality of life—which itself reflects an emerging focus on humanistic values in many different disciplines. Synthesizing theory, knowledge, and empirical methodologies from a variety of fields, they offer a rigorous and coherent foundational framework for positive computing. Sidebars by experts from psychology, neuroscience, human–computer interaction, and other disciplines supply essential context. Calvo and Peters examine specific well-being factors, including positive emotions, self-awareness, mindfulness, empathy, and compassion, and explore how technology can support these factors. Finally, they offer suggestions for future research and funding.
Sidebars Timothy N. Bickmore, Jeremy Bailenson, danah boyd, Jane Burns, David R. Caruso, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Felicia Huppert, Mary-Helen Immordino-Yang, Adele Krusche and J. Mark G. Williams, Jane McGonigal, Jonathan Nicholas, Don Norman, Yvonne Rogers
Privacy on the Ground
Authors: Bamberger Kenneth A. , Mulligan Deirdre K. 
Published: March 2019

An examination of corporate privacy management in the United States, Germany, Spain, France, and the United Kingdom, identifying international best practices and making policy recommendations.
Barely a week goes by without a new privacy revelation or scandal. Whether by hackers or spy agencies or social networks, violations of our personal information have shaken entire industries, corroded relations among nations, and bred distrust between democratic governments and their citizens. Polls reflect this concern, and show majorities for more, broader, and stricter regulation—to put more laws “on the books.” But there was scant evidence of how well tighter regulation actually worked “on the ground” in changing corporate (or government) behavior—until now.
This intensive five-nation study goes inside corporations to examine how the people charged with protecting privacy actually do their work, and what kinds of regulation effectively shape their behavior. And the research yields a surprising result. The countries with more ambiguous regulation—Germany and the United States—had the strongest corporate privacy management practices, despite very different cultural and legal environments. The more rule-bound countries—like France and Spain—trended instead toward compliance processes, not embedded privacy practices. At a crucial time, when Big Data and the Internet of Things are snowballing, Privacy on the Ground helpfully searches out the best practices by corporations, provides guidance to policymakers, and offers important lessons for everyone concerned with privacy, now and in the future.
Transcriptional factor regulation network and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network determining response of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Shao Mingrui , Li Wenya 
Published: March 2019

Background
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery benefits survival for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) compared with surgery alone, but the clinical outcomes of nCRT are heterogeneous. This study aimed to elucidate transcriptional factor (TF) regulation network and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network determining response of ESCC to nCRT.

Materials and Methods
RNA microarray data of GSE59974 and GSE45670 were analyzed to investigate the significant changes of lincRNAs, miRNAs, mRNAs in responders and non-responders of nCRT in ESCC. Functional and enrichment analyses were conducted by clusterProfiler. The target lincRNAs and mRNAs of miRNAs were predicted by miRWalk. The ceRNA and TF regulatory networks were constructed using Cytoscape.

Results
Differentially expressed genes between responders and non-responders mainly enriched in biological process including Wnt signaling pathway and regulation of cell development and morphogenesis involved in differentiation. Besides, these genes showed enrichment in molecular function of glycosaminoglycan binding, metalloendopeptidase inhibitor and growth factor activity. KEGG analysis enriched these genes in pathways of neurotrophin signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules and Wnt signaling pathway. We also constructed ceRNA network and TF network regulating response of ESCC to nCRT. Core regulatory miRNAs were miR-520a, miR-548am, miR-3184, miR-548d, miR-4725, miR-148a, miR-4659a and key regulatory TFs included MBNL1, SLC26A3, BMP4, ZIC1 and ANKRD7.

Conclusion
We identified significantly altered lincRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs involved in the nCRT response of ESCC. In addition, the ceRNA regulatory network of lincRNA-miRNA-mRNA and TF regulatory network were constructed, which would elucidate novel molecular mechanisms determining nCRT response of ESCC, thus providing promising clues for clinical therapy.
Direct Detection of Local Electric Polarization in the Interfacial Region in Ferroelectric Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Peng Simin , Yang Xiao , Yang Yang , Wang Shaojie , Zhou Yao , Hu Jun , Li Qi , He Jinliang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFerroelectric polymer nanocomposites are widely used in capacitive energy storage, electrocaloric refrigeration, and mechanical energy harvesting due to their exceptional electric polarization property and ease of fabrication. It is generally considered that the abnormal performance of ferroelectric nanocomposites stems from the interfacial region between the polymer matrix and embedded nanoparticles. However, direct evidence of the distinct local electric polarization property at the interfacial region is not yet accessible. Herein, a modified Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) method with nanoscale spatial resolution is reported for direct detection of local polarization property at the matrix/particle interface in ferroelectric nanocomposites. Typical ferroelectric nanocomposites are studied using the present method. It is quantitatively probed that the electric polarization at matrix/particle interfacial region is higher than the polymer matrix under applied electric fields. Taking into account the enhanced local electric polarization gauged by the modified KPFM, the dielectric property of ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites matches with bulk experimental characterizations, indicating that the established method is reliable. It is anticipated that the present method, opening up new possibilities in understanding the matrix/particle interfacial region, may help with judicious design and engineering of high‐performance ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites.
A Ferrite Synaptic Transistor with Topotactic Transformation
Authors: Ge Chen , Liu Chang‐xiang , Zhou Qing‐li , Zhang Qing‐hua , Du Jian‐yu , Li Jian‐kun , Wang Can , Gu Lin , Yang Guo‐zhen , Jin Kui‐juan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHardware implementation of artificial synaptic devices that emulate the functions of biological synapses is inspired by the biological neuromorphic system and has drawn considerable interest. Here, a three‐terminal ferrite synaptic device based on a topotactic phase transition between crystalline phases is presented. The electrolyte‐gating‐controlled topotactic phase transformation between brownmillerite SrFeO2.5 and perovskite SrFeO3−δ is confirmed from the examination of the crystal and electronic structure. A synaptic transistor with electrolyte‐gated ferrite films by harnessing gate‐controllable multilevel conduction states, which originate from many distinct oxygen‐deficient perovskite structures of SrFeOx induced by topotactic phase transformation, is successfully constructed. This three‐terminal artificial synapse can mimic important synaptic functions, such as synaptic plasticity and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity. Simulations of a neural network consisting of ferrite synaptic transistors indicate that the system offers high classification accuracy. These results provide insight into the potential application of advanced topotactic phase transformation materials for designing artificial synapses with high performance.
Catalytic Desymmetrization of 1,3‐Difluoropropan‐2‐ols via C−F Bond Activation Using a Phosphazene Base Affords Monofluoromethyl‐Substituted Epoxides
Authors: Wang Jiandong , Tanaka Junki , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA facile synthetic route to monofluoromethyl substituted epoxides via the desymmetrization of 1,3‐difluoropropan‐2‐ols is reported. A silicon‐containing additive activates the inert C(sp3)−F bond in aliphatic fluorides to promote the intramolecular epoxidation under metal‐free reaction conditions. A phosphazene base, which acts as a catalyst, is indispensable for this silicon‐induced defluorinative cyclization.
Making sense of medieval mouths: Investigating sex differences of dental pathological lesions in a late medieval Italian community
Authors: Trombley Trent M. , Agarwal Sabrina C. , Beauchesne Patrick D. , Goodson Caroline , Candilio Francesca , Coppa Alfredo , Rubini Mauro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesBioarchaeological investigations of sex‐based differences in the prevalence of dental pathological lesions, particularly caries, have drawn considerable attention, and out of this work, two dominant models have emerged. Traditionally, the first model interprets sex‐related patterns in caries as a product of gendered differences in diet. A more recent model interprets a generally higher propensity for caries prevalence in females in light of reproductive ecology. To test the hypothesis that females have higher risk of caries in accordance with reproductive ecology, we examined and analyzed caries prevalence and other potentially synergistic oral pathological lesions in a late medieval (A.D. 1300–1500) Italian archaeological sample.Materials and methodsWe examined sex‐ and age‐related prevalence in caries and other oral pathological lesions in a late medieval Italian skeletal assemblage excavated from Villamagna consisting of 38 females and 37 males (n= 1,534 teeth). We examined age‐ and sex‐related patterns in six dental traits: antemortem tooth loss, caries, calculus, periapical inflammation, tooth wear, and periodontitis.ResultsSignificant age‐related increases in antemortem tooth loss, caries, calculus, and tooth wear were observed in both males and females. However, there was a lack of expected sex differences in oral pathological lesions, with instead older males exhibiting significantly more antemortem tooth loss and corrected caries than females.DiscussionResults are discussed in relation to the ethnohistoric context of medieval rural dietary practices as well as biomedical salivary literature, which suggest that dietary changes throughout the life course may have facilitated trade‐offs that buffered females from higher rates of dental pathological lesions.
Olive Oil Processing: Current Knowledge, Literature Gaps, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kalogianni Eleni P. , Georgiou Despoina , Hasanov Jahongir H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOlive oil quality is determined through a series of steps starting from the olive oil tree and ending to the consumer. Among these steps, olive oil processing plays a decisive role in determining quality. This work reviews current olive oil‐processing technology and compares available technologies for the unit operations involved. Furthermore, for each unit operation involved in olive oil processing, the effect of process variables on the parameters determining olive oil quality is presented and discussed. Process efficiency and environmental impact are also presented and discussed for specific unit operations. Through this review, the gaps in current knowledge are highlighted. Finally, future perspectives on olive oil processing and further research required for olive oil quality optimization are presented.
Phosphorylated sodium alginate/APP/DPER intumescent flame retardant used for polypropylene
Authors: Pallmann Johanna , Ren Yuan‐Lin , Mahltig Boris , Huo Tong‐Guo 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTFlame‐retardant polypropylene (FR‐PP) materials are realized by use of natural‐sourced flame‐retardant materials. Phosphorylated sodium alginate, ammonium polyphosphate, and dipentaerythritol are used to create an intumescent flame retardant (IFR). This realized flame retardant is embedded into polypropylene (PP) through melt blending method. The components, chemical structures, thermal properties, and degradation mechanisms of the samples are characterized by infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and cone calorimeter test. The results indicate that an effective IFR is obtained due to gas phase and condensed phase synergistic flame‐retardant ability during combustion and degradation of FR‐PP. This work presents a facile method for preparing FR‐PP with efficient flame retardancy. This study is a first proof of concept for an innovative flame retardant, which could find application in future in the fields of automotive industry and the construction of electronic devices. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47794.
Enhancement of near‐infrared up‐conversion and blue down‐conversion luminescence in LuNbO4:Yb3+,Tm3+ with Ga3+ and Ta5+ substitutions
Authors: Im Min Hyuk , Kim Young Jin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUnder a 980‐nm excitation, the up‐conversion (UC) spectra of LuNbO4:Yb3+,Tm3+ powders exhibited predominantly near‐infrared bands (~805 nm) of Tm3+ through an energy transfer process from Yb3+ to Tm3+. Regarding the down‐conversion (DC) luminescence of the powders, the photoluminescence excitation spectra consisted of a broad charge transfer band (270 nm) due to [NbO4]3− and sharp band (360 nm) of Tm3+, while the corresponding emission spectra exhibited a blue emission at 458 nm. Upon substitution of Ga3+ and Ta5+ for Lu3+ and Nb5+, respectively, both UC and DC luminescence properties were significantly enhanced. For the Ga3+ substitution, the increased emission intensity could be explained by the crystal field asymmetry surrounding the Tm3+ ions induced by the large difference in ionic radius between Ga3+ and Lu3+. For the Ta5+ substitution, we believe that an M′‐LuTaO4 substructure was formed in the host, which led to the formation of a TaO6 octahedral coordination instead of a NbO4 tetrahedral coordination. Consequently, the crystal symmetry of the local structure was modified, and thus the UC and DC luminescence properties were enhanced. The dual‐mode (UC and DC) luminescence demonstrates that LuNbO4:Yb3+,Tm3+ has a great potential in the fields of temperature sensing probes, anti‐counterfeiting, and bioapplications.
Laser‐Assisted Lip Repositioning With Smile Elevator Muscle Containment and Crown Lengthening for Gummy Smile: A Case Report
Authors: Ganesh Balaji , Burnice Nalina Kumari C. , Mahendra Jaideep , Vijayalakshmi Rajaram , K. Anil Kumar 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionTreating the patients with excessive gingival display to provide a pleasant smile is a challenge to the periodontist. Gummy smile can be due to excessive vertical bone growth, dentoalveolar extrusion, short upper lip, upper lip hyperactivity, or altered passive eruption. Gummy smile associated with hyperactivity of smile elevator muscles can be treated by surgical techniques like lip repositioning, botulinum toxin injection, lip elongation with rhinoplasty, detachment of the lip muscles, and myectomy. Regardless of the technique used, to achieve a predictable result with long‐term stability limiting upper lip movement when the patient smiles, firm muscle containment is imperative.Case PresentationThe case report describes the excessive gingival display having a multifactorial etiology in a 25‐year‐old female patient. Altered passive eruption in upper anterior teeth was treated by crown lengthening followed by management of hyperactive lip using a diode laser‐assisted lip repositioning along with traction and muscle containment. Excellent and predictable results were obtained after a 1‐year follow‐up without the relapse of gummy smile.ConclusionsThe case report showed an excellent result when treated by a combined approach of an innovative procedure with laser‐assisted lip repositioning aimed at maintaining the traction and containment of the smile elevator muscles along with crown lengthening procedure by gingivectomy.
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma Associated With Periodontal Intrabony Defect
Authors: Moreno Rodríguez Jose A. 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionThe peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is associated with periodontal bony lesions in several situations and excision results in a soft papilla defect and an intrabony defect without soft tissue protection.Case PresentationA PGCG associated with loss of periodontal support is described. Following the lesion excision, a specific flap design outlining a surgical papilla in the adjacent area was proposed. The aim of this flap design was to obtain an optimal condition for periodontal regeneration, to treat the lesion excision associated with soft tissue defect, and to avoid a second surgical area. Complete periodontal defect resolution without soft tissue contraction or lesion recurrence was obtained at 2‐year follow‐up.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent greater loss of periodontal attachment.