bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Medial Pivot or Posterior Cruciate-Stabilizing Prosthesis in Chinese Patients
Authors: Yuan Ding , Zhang Quan-San , Zhang Kun , Cao Yan-Wei , Chen Guan-Hong , Ling Zong-Zhun , Xu Hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is an unmet need for a prosthesis designed according to the anatomical parameters of the Chinese population. This study aims to compare the use of a medial pivot (MP) implant or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) substitution (posterior-stabilized [PS]) prosthesis for unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in a Chinese population. The medical records of patients undergoing unilateral TKA with an MP implant (Group A) or a PS prosthesis (Group B) at our institution between January 2010 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were followed up for 5 years. Preoperatively and at the December 2016 postoperative follow-up, the Hospital for Special Surgery scoring system (HSS knee score) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score were measured to evaluate TKA outcomes. This study included 49 patients in Group A and 51 in Group B. As of December 2016, there were no significant differences in the preoperative/postoperative changes in any category of the HSS knee score or WOMAC score between the groups. There were no postoperative complications in either group during the 5-year follow-up. There were no periprosthetic infections or need for revision surgery. One patient in Group A experienced aching and a small amount of effusion in the articular cavity that was attributed to overexertion. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in midterm outcomes in Chinese patients receiving an MP implant or a PS prosthesis for unilateral TKA. These data suggest that the MP and PCL substitution design are safe and effective for unilateral TKA in China.
Brain ventricular volume changes induced by long-duration spaceflight
Authors: Van Ombergen Angelique , Jillings Steven , Jeurissen Ben , Tomilovskaya Elena , Rumshiskaya Alena , Litvinova Liudmila , Nosikova Inna , Pechenkova Ekaterina , Rukavishnikov Ilya , Manko Olga , Danylichev Sergey , Rühl R. Maxine , Kozlovskaya Inessa B. , Sunaert Stefan , Parizel Paul M. , Sinitsyn Valentin , Laureys Steven , Sijbers Jan , zu Eulenburg Peter , Wuyts Floris L. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Long-duration spaceflight induces detrimental changes in human physiology due to microgravity. One example is a cephalic fluid shift. Here, we prospectively investigated the quantitative changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume of the brain ventricular regions in space crew by means of a region of interest, observer-independent analysis on structural brain MRI scans. MRI scans were collected before the mission, shortly after and 7 mo after return to Earth. We found a significant increase in lateral and third ventricles at postflight and a trend to normalization at follow-up, but still significantly increased ventricular volumes. The observed spatiotemporal pattern of CSF compartment enlargement and recovery points to a reduced CSF resorption in microgravity as the underlying cause.
Maternal overnutrition programs hedonic and metabolic phenotypes across generations through sperm tsRNAs
Authors: Sarker Gitalee , Sun Wenfei , Rosenkranz David , Pelczar Pawel , Opitz Lennart , Efthymiou Vissarion , Wolfrum Christian , Peleg-Raibstein Daria 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Obesity is a major public health issue worldwide. Easy accessibility of junk food is considered a major contributor to the current obesity epidemic. Thus, the impact of maternal overnutrition in determining disease susceptibility in offspring has received wide attention. It has also been shown that the effects of maternal overnutrition are not limited to the immediate offspring but can also be transmitted to successive generations. Among different epigenetic marks, sperm small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) have recently been reported as a direct mediator of acquired traits to the progeny following postnatal trauma or paternal diet. Here, we investigate whether sperm sncRNAs contributes to the transmission of metabolic and hedonic phenotypes across generations following maternal overnutrition.
Amount of substance and the mole in the SI
Authors: Güttler Bernd , Bettin Horst , Brown Richard J C , Davis Richard S , Mester Zoltan , Milton Martin J T , Pramann Axel , Rienitz Olaf , Vocke Robert D , Wielgosz Robert I 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Following the revision of the International System of Units (SI), that takes effect on 20 May 2019, the unit mole is defined by using a fixed number of elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, which is the defining constant of the unit mole. This definition was made possible because the determination of the Avogadro constant had reached a level of relative uncertainty that allowed its value to be fixed and, at the same time, safeguard continuity of measurement results before and after the definition. The motivation for the revision of the SI and the mole in particular will be explained and the experimental work that allowed it is summarized.
Ideology and interests in the Rwandan patriotic front: Singing the struggle in pre-genocide Rwanda
Authors: Chemouni Benjamin , Mugiraneza Assumpta 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In the study of African Politics, the analysis of political ideologies as a normative engine of political action seems to have receded in favour of a treatment of ideology as the support of actors in their pursuit of material interests. Rwanda is not an exception. The ideology of the ruling Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) has been predominantly analysed as a self-serving strategy geared towards the reinforcement of the party’s power. Such treatment of ideology prevents a full understanding of the RPF. This article argues that ideology should also be conceptualized as a matrix that can reshape material incentives and through which the RPF’s interests have emerged. To do so, the article analyses new sources of material, the songs of mobilization from RPF members and supporters composed before the Front took power during the genocide, to systematically delineate the RPF’s early ideology. The analysis centres on four main themes—Rwandan national unity, the RPF’s depiction of itself, its depiction of its enemy, and its relationship with the international community—and traces their influence on RPF interests in the post-genocide era. It reveals the surprisingly long-lasting power of ideas despite fast-changing material circumstances.
The effect of intravenous iron on erythropoiesis in older people with hip fracture
Authors: Moppett I K , Rowlands M , Mannings A M , Marufu T C , Sahota O , Yeung J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundanaemia following hip fracture is common and associated with worse outcomes. Intravenous iron is a potential non-transfusion treatment for this anaemia and has been found to reduce transfusion rates in previous observational studies. There is good evidence for its use in elective surgical populations.Objectiveto examine the impact of intravenous iron on erythropoiesis following hip fracture.Designtwo-centre, assessor-blinded, randomised, controlled trial of patients with primary hip fracture and no contra-indications to intravenous iron.Methodthe intervention group received three doses of 200 mg iron sucrose over 30 min (Venofer, Vifor Pharma, Bagshot Park, UK) on three separate days. Primary outcome was reticulocyte count at day 7 after randomisation. Secondary outcomes included haemoglobin concentration, complications and discharge destination. Eighty participants were randomised.Resultsthere was a statistically significantly greater absolute final reticulocyte count in the iron group (89.4 (78.9–101.3) × 109 cells l−1 (n = 39) vs. the control (72.2 (63.9–86.4)) × 109 cells l−1 (n = 41); P = 0.019; (mean (95% confidence intervals) of log-transformed data). There were no differences in final haemoglobin concentration (99.9 (95.7–104.2) vs. 102.0 (98.7–105.3) P = 0.454) or transfusion requirements in the first week (11 (28%) vs. 12 (29%); P = 0.899). Functional and safety outcomes were not different between the groups.Conclusionsalthough intravenous iron does stimulate erythropoiesis following hip fracture in older people, the effect is too small and too late to affect transfusion rates. Trial Registry Numbers: ISRCTN:76424792; EuDRACT: 2011-003233-34.
Maternal Obesity, Birth Size, and Risk of Childhood Cancer Development
Authors: Stacy Shaina L , Buchanich Jeanine M , Ma Zhen-qiang , Mair Christina , Robertson Linda , Sharma Ravi K , Talbott Evelyn O , Yuan Jian-Min 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInfants and children are particularly vulnerable to in utero and early-life exposures. Thus, a mother’s exposures before and during pregnancy could have important consequences for her child’s health, including cancer development. We examined whether birth certificate–derived maternal anthropometric characteristics were associated with increased risk of subsequent childhood cancer development, accounting for established maternal and infant risk factors. Pennsylvania birth and cancer registry files were linked by the state Department of Health, yielding a virtual cohort of births and childhood cancers from 2003 through 2016. The analysis included 1,827,875 infants (13,785,309 person-years at risk), with 2,352 children diagnosed with any cancer and 747 with leukemia before age 14 years. Children born to mothers with a body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2) of ≥40 had a 57% (95% confidence interval: 12, 120) higher leukemia risk. Newborn size of ≥30% higher than expected was associated with 2.2-fold and 1.8-fold hazard ratios for total childhood cancer and leukemia, respectively, relative to those with expected size. Being <30% below expected size also increased the overall cancer risk (P for curvilinearity < 0.0001). Newborn size did not mediate the association between maternal obesity and childhood cancer. The results suggest a significant role of early-life exposure to maternal obesity- and fetal growth–related factors in childhood cancer development.
Hemoglobin: potential roles in the oocyte and early embryo†
Authors: Lim Megan , Brown Hannah M , Kind Karen L , Thompson Jeremy G , Dunning Kylie R 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHemoglobin (Hb) is commonly known for its capacity to bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in erythroid cells. However, it plays additional roles in cellular function and health due to its capacity to bind other gases including nitric oxide. Further, Hb acts as a potent antioxidant, quenching reactive oxygen species. Despite its potential roles in cellular function, the preponderance of Hb research remains focused on its role in oxygen regulation. There is increasing evidence that Hb expression is more ubiquitous than previously thought, with Hb and its variants found in a myriad of cell types ranging from macrophages to spermatozoa. The majority of nonerythroid cell types that express Hb are situated within hypoxic environments, suggesting Hb may play a role in hypoxia-inducible factor-regulated gene expression by controlling the level of oxygen available or as an adaptation to low oxygen providing a mechanism to store oxygen. Oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development occur within the low oxygen environments of the antral follicle and oviduct/uterus, respectively. Interestingly, Hb was recently found in human cumulus and granulosa cells and murine cumulus–oocyte complexes and preimplantation embryos. Here, we consolidate and analyze the research generated todate on Hb expression in nonerythroid cells with a particular focus on reproductive cell types. We outline future directions of this research to elucidate the role of Hb during oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development and finally, we explore the potential clinical applications and benefits of Hb supplementation during the in vitro culture of gametes and embryos.
The lung-enriched p53 mutants V157F and R158L/P regulate a gain of function transcriptome in lung cancer
Authors: Barta Julie A , Pauley Kristen , Kossenkov Andrew V , McMahon Steven B 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA, and alterations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 are the most frequent somatic mutation among all histologic subtypes of lung cancer. Mutations in TP53 frequently result in a protein that exhibits not only loss of tumor suppressor capability but also oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF). The canonical p53 hotspot mutants R175H and R273H, for example, confer upon tumors a metastatic phenotype in murine models of mutant p53. To the best of our knowledge, GOF phenotypes of the less often studied V157, R158 and A159 mutants—which occur with higher frequency in lung cancer compared with other solid tumors—have not been defined. In this study, we aimed to define whether the lung mutants are simply equivalent to full loss of the p53 locus, or whether they additionally acquire the ability to drive new downstream effector pathways. Using a publicly available human lung cancer dataset, we characterized patients with V157, R158 and A159 p53 mutations. In addition, we show here that cell lines with mutant p53-V157F, p53-R158L and p53-R158P exhibit a loss of expression of canonical wild-type p53 target genes. Furthermore, these lung-enriched p53 mutants regulate genes not previously linked to p53 function including PLAU. Paradoxically, mutant p53 represses genes associated with increased cell viability, migration and invasion. These findings collectively represent the first demonstration that lung-enriched p53 mutations at V157 and R158 regulate a novel transcriptome in human lung cancer cells and may confer de novo function.
Efficient Attribute-Based Data Sharing Scheme with Hidden Access Structures
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Wenmin , Gao Fei , Yin Wei , Liang Kaitai , Zhang Hua , Wen Qiaoyan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOnline data sharing has become a research hotspot while cloud computing is getting more and more popular. As a promising encryption technique to guarantee the security shared data and to realize flexible fine-grained access control, ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) has drawn wide attentions. However, there is a drawback preventing CP-ABE from being applied to cloud applications. In CP-ABE, the access structure is included in the ciphertext, and it may disclose user’s privacy. In this paper, we find a more efficient method to connect ABE with inner product encryption and adopt several techniques to ensure the expressiveness of access structure, the efficiency and security of our scheme. We are the first to present a secure, efficient fine-grained access control scheme with hidden access structure, the access structure can be expressed as AND-gates on multi-valued attributes with wildcard. We conceal the entire attribute instead of only its values in the access structure. Besides, our scheme has obvious advantages in efficiency compared with related schemes. Our scheme can make data sharing secure and efficient, which can be verified from the analysis of security and performance.
Some key terms in ELT and why we need to disambiguate them
Authors: Murray Neil , Muller Amanda 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVariation in the use of terminology in the field of ELT can make dialogue difficult, if not impossible, with significant implications for sharing knowledge, structuring language provision, and, ultimately, teaching practices. Furthermore, such variation has the potential to influence negatively the perceptions of stakeholders both within and outside of the field, for it can convey a sense of disparateness and disunity that can seriously undermine the ability of ELT professionals to appear credible, to influence, and to pursue their work effectively. This is particularly true of terminology closely associated with the teaching of English within tertiary settings. This article looks at six terms, differentiating them and reflecting on their scope and areas of overlap.
Melatonin activity and receptor expression in endometrial tissue and endometriosis
Authors: Mosher A A , Tsoulis M W , Lim J , Tan C , Agarwal S K , Leyland N A , Foster W G 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSTUDY QUESTIONAre melatonin receptors (melatonin receptor 1A (MR1A) and melatonin receptor 1B (MR1B)) expressed in human endometrium and endometriotic tissue, and does melatonin affect endometrial cell proliferation?SUMMARY ANSWERMelatonin receptors are expressed in human eutopic endometrium, endometriomas and peritoneal lesions, although to different extents, and melatonin treatment attenuated estradiol-induced endometrial epithelial cell proliferation in culture.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYMelatonin decreased endometriotic lesion volume in a rat model of endometriosis. Melatonin treatment reduced pain scores in and analgesic use by women with endometriosis.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONBasic science study using human endometrial tissue and an endometrial epithelial cell line.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSMeasurement of melatonin receptor expression (mRNA and protein) in women with surgically confirmed endometriosis (endometrioma (n = 20) or peritoneal lesion (n = 11) alone) and women without surgical evidence of endometriosis (control, n = 15). Collection of endometrial and endometriotic tissue samples, gynecologic history and demographic information. Quantification of estradiol (1.0 nM) and melatonin (0.1 nM–1.0 μM) ± estradiol-induced endometrial epithelial cell proliferation in cultures of endometrial epithelial cells (CRL-1671) following 24 and 48 hours of culture.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEMR1A and MR1B were localized by immunohistochemistry in glandular epithelial cells of endometrial biopsies from women with and without endometriosis. Both receptors were expressed in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue. mRNA expression of MR1A and MR1B was significantly greater in peritoneal lesions than in either endometriomas or eutopic endometrium. However, protein expression of MR1A was decreased in peritoneal lesions compared to control eutopic endometrium, whereas MR1B expression did not differ between the groups. Melatonin (0.1 nM–1.0 μM) treatment inhibited estradiol (1.0 nM)-induced endometrial epithelial cell proliferation at 48 hours but not 24 hours of culture.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONBeneficial effects of melatonin seen in culture have yet to be comprehensively evaluated in women with endometriosis.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSOur data suggest that melatonin may be useful as an adjunct to current endometriosis treatments.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant MOP142230 to W.G.F.). A.A.M. is supported by a resident research grant through the Physicians Services Incorporated Foundation. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
In thoracic aortic surgery, is innominate artery cannulation a safe and effective alternative to axillary artery cannulation?
Authors: Harky Amer , Grafton-Clarke Ciaran , Hadlett Max , Shuttleworth Emily 
Published: May 2019

Summary
A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was: in a patient undergoing thoracic aortic surgery, is innominate artery cannulation superior to axillary artery cannulation in terms of postoperative outcomes? Five hundred and thirty-one papers were found using the reported search strategy, of which 5 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. A total of 1338 participants were included across the 5 studies. Seven hundred and twenty-two patients were cannulated via the axillary artery and 616 were cannulated via the innominate artery. The included 5 studies were 2 prospective observational cohorts, 2 retrospective case-series analysis and a single-blinded randomized trial. Thirty-day or in-hospital mortality rates were reported in all 5 studies. There were no significant differences in mortality with innominate artery cannulation compared to axillary artery cannulation (P > 0.05), with slightly lower mortality rates in 2 studies, slightly higher mortality rates in 2 and equal in 1 study. Though statistical significance was not demonstrated (P > 0.05), a stroke occurred slightly less frequently in patients receiving innominate artery cannulation compared to axillary artery cannulation in 3 of the 4 studies. Innominate artery cannulation is non-inferior to axillary artery cannulation for thoracic aortic surgery, with a similar level of neuroprotection and is not associated with increased levels of mortality.
Does prehabilitation improve outcomes in cardiac surgical patients?
Authors: Sandhu Manraj Singh , Akowuah Enoch Francis 
Published: May 2019

Summary
A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was: does prehabilitation improve outcomes in cardiac surgical patients? Altogether more than 483 papers were found using the reported search, of which 10 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Four meta-analyses concluded that prehabilitation reduced postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). The 6 randomized controlled trials (RCT) included, differed significantly in the type of prehabilitation delivered. There was replication of some RCTs across the meta-analyses. The consensus across the meta-analyses was a reduction in PPCs and 3 of 4 meta-analyses finding a reduction in length of stay (LOS). There were no adverse events or difference in mortality found. Two small RCTs showed feasibility and modest improvements in physiological parameters. Three RCTs demonstrated a reduction in LOS and a reduction in PPCs. One RCT found no difference in quality of life scores, LOS or postoperative atrial fibrillation. None of the RCTs found negative evidence of prehabilitation interventions. We conclude that the prehabilitation is a positive preoperative intervention, most favourably in older patients and in those who are at risk of PPCs. Specifically inspiratory muscle training is the intervention with most favourable evidence.