bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spikelet fertility and heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene responses to heat stress in tolerant and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes
Authors: Malumpong C. , Cheabu S. , Mongkolsiriwatana C. , Detpittayanan W. , Vanavichit A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe reproductive stage of rice is the most sensitive to heat stress, which can lead to spikelet sterility. Thus, heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes were used to investigate their differences in terms of phenotypic responses and expression changes ofHsfgenes at the pre-flowering stage under heat stress. Results clearly showed that panicles had the highest temperature compared with other plant parts under both natural and heated conditions. However, the temperatures of tolerant and susceptible genotypes were not significantly different. In terms of spikelet fertility, the tolerant lines M9962 and M7988 had high seed set because their anther dehiscence, pollen viability and pollen germination were only slightly affected. In contrast, the susceptible line Sinlek showed severe effects at all steps of fertilization, and the pollen viability of M7766 was slightly affected under heat stress but was more affected in terms of anther dehiscence and pollen germination. Both susceptible lines showed dramatically decreased seed set. In addition, the expression of sixHsfAgenes in the flag leaves and spikelets at the R2 stage of plants under heat stress showed different responses. Notably, expression of theHsfA2agene was predominantly upregulated in the flag leaf and spikelets under heat stress in M9962. Therefore, it can be concluded that heat stress has severe effects on the stamen, and that different genotypes have different susceptibilities to heat stress.
Predictors of treatment resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review of prospective observational studies
Authors: Smart S. E. , Kępińska A. P. , Murray R. M. , MacCabe J. H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTreatment-resistant schizophrenia, affecting approximately 20–30% of patients with schizophrenia, has a high burden both for patients and healthcare services. There is a need to identify treatment resistance earlier in the course of the illness, in order that effective treatment, such as clozapine, can be offered promptly. We conducted a systemic literature review of prospective longitudinal studies with the aim of identifying predictors of treatment-resistant schizophrenia from the first episode. From the 545 results screened, we identified 12 published studies where data at the first episode was used to predict treatment resistance. Younger age of onset was the most consistent predictor of treatment resistance. We discuss the gaps in the literature and how future prediction models can identify predictors of treatment response more robustly.
Voting for Victors: Why Violent Actors Win Postwar Elections
Authors: Daly Sarah Zukerman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhy do citizens elect political actors who have perpetrated violence against the civilian population? Despite their use of atrocities, political parties with deep roots in the belligerent organizations of the past win postwar democratic elections in countries around the world. This article uses new, cross-national data on postwar elections globally between 1970 and 2010, as well as voting, survey, archival, and interview data from El Salvador. It finds that belligerents’ varied electoral success after wars can be explained not by their wartime levels of violence or use of electoral coercion, but by the distribution of military power at the end of conflict. It argues that militarily stronger belligerents are able to claim credit for peace, which translates into a reputation for competence on the provision of security. This enables them to own the security valence issue, which tends to crosscut cleavages, and to appeal to swing voters. The stronger belligerents’ provision of security serves to offset and justify their use of atrocities, rendering their election rational. This article sheds light on political life after episodes of violence. It also contributes to understanding security voting and offers insights into why people vote in seemingly counterintuitive ways.
Theory of Mind in Mild Cognitive Impairment – Relationship with Limbic Structures and Behavioural Change
Authors: Michaelian Johannes C. , Mowszowski Loren , Guastella Adam J. , Henry Julie D. , Duffy Shantel , McCade Donna , Naismith Sharon L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectives:Older adults presenting with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have a higher risk of developing dementia and also demonstrate impairments in social cognition. This study sought to establish whether in people with MCI, poorer theory of mind (ToM) was associated with volumetric changes in the amygdala and hippocampus, as well as early changes in behaviour.Methods:One hundred and fourteen people with MCI and fifty-two older adult controls completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), while close informants (e.g., spouse/family member/friend/carer) described any current behavioural changes using the Revised Cambridge Behavioural Inventory (CBI-R). A subsample of participants completed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results:The MCI group showed poorer performance on all neuropsychological tests administered, and moderate reductions on the RMET compared to the control group (d = .44), with greater reduction observed in those with amnestic compared to non-amnestic MCI (p = .03). While a robust correlation was identified between poorer RMET performance and smaller hippocampal volume in the control group (ρ = .53, p = .01), this relationship was not apparent in the MCI group (ρ = .21, p = .11). In the MCI group, poorer RMET performance was associated with poorer everyday skills (ρ = −.26, p = .01) assessed by the CBI-R.Conclusions:Our findings cross-validate previous reports that social cognitive deficits in ToM are a feature of MCI and also suggest that disruptions to broader neural networks are likely to be implicated. Furthermore, ToM deficits in MCI are associated with a decline in everyday skills such as writing or paying bills.
The BVIT: from Flare Stars to the Search for ET
Authors: Welsh B. Y. , Vallerga J. , Siegmund O. H. W. , Wheatley J. , Kotze M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Berkeley Visible Image Tube (BVIT) has been a user instrument on the SALT 10-m telescope for the past six years. It can observe transient astrophysical phenomena occurring on time-scales of micro-seconds. This overview presented some recent observations of a dMe flare star, and discussed the recent results of our optical Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (OSETI) around nearby exoplanet-hosting stars.
The Next Generation Transit Survey
Authors: Burleigh M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis talk introduced and described the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS), which is a new ground-based transit survey operating at the ESO Paranal Observatory. NGTS has been designed to achieve better photometric precision than previous ground-based surveys; it aims to detect Neptune-sized planets around Sun-like stars, and sub-Neptunes around M dwarfs that are sufficiently bright for radial-velocity confirmation and mass determination. NGTS is also optimised for ground-based follow up of exoplanet candidates from TESS and PLATO. I presented early results from the survey, and described the status of our HARPS radial-velocity and SAAO photometric follow-ups of exoplanet candidates.
Early Blue Excess from the Type Ia Supernova 2017cbv
Authors: Hosseinzadeh G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper presented very early, high-cadence photometric observations of the nearby Type Ia SN 2017cbv. The light-curve is unique in that during the first five days of observations it has a blue bump in the U, B, and g bands which is clearly resolved by virtue of our photometric cadence of 5.7 hr during that time span. We modelled the light-curve as the combination of an early shock of the supernova ejecta against a non-degenerate companion star plus a standard Type Ia supernova component. Our best-fit model suggested the presence of a subgiant star 56 R⊙ from the exploding white dwarf, although that number is highly model-dependent. While the model matches the optical light-curve well, it over-predicts the flux expected in the ultraviolet bands. That may indicate that the shock is not a blackbody, perhaps because of line blanketing in the UV. Alternatively, it could point to another physical explanation for the optical blue bump, such as interaction with circumstellar material or an unusual distribution of the element Ni. Early optical spectra of SN 2017cbv show strong carbon absorption as far as day –13 with respect to maximum light, suggesting that the progenitor system contained a significant amount of unburnt material. These results for SN 2017cbv illustrate the power of early discovery and intense follow-up of nearby supernovæ for resolving standing questions about the progenitor systems and explosion mechanisms of Type Ia supernovæ.
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Gravitational Wave Source GW170817
Authors: Chen T.-W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOn 17th August 2017 a strong source of gravitational waves was detected by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration. The signal lasted for 60 seconds, and the event was followed just 2 seconds later by a short burst of gamma-rays that was detected by Fermi and INTEGRAL. The gravitational-wave and gamma-ray source had consistent sky positions to within about 30 square degrees. Within 10 hours of the gravitational-wave source event, a fast fading optical and near-infrared counterpart was discovered, which was subsequently followed-up and studied intensively for several weeks and months by numerous facilities. This talk presented the results from our optical and near-infrared imaging and spectroscopic follow-up campaign of this unprecedented discovery, which was the first electromagnetic counterpart of a gravitational-wave source, the first identification of a neutron star–neutron star merger, and the first direct evidence of the source of r-process elements. It focussed on the results of the GROND and ePESSTO teams, showing that this remarkable transient truly opened up the era of multi-messenger astronomy.
Periodic Variability on Time-scales of Decades to Centuries in Magnetic Ap Stars: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Mathys G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent studies have revealed the existence of a significant population of Ap stars with extremely long rotation periods, and the frequent occurrence of Ap stars in wide binaries. Those results represent new constraints on the understanding of the origin and evolution of Ap stars, and (by extension) of all upper-main-sequence stars. Current knowledge of Ap stars with the longest rotation and orbital periods remains incomplete, on the one hand because in many cases the periods of interest are longer than the time-spans over which relevant observations have been obtained, and on the other hand because some important subsets of Ap stars have been omitted from the studies that have been carried out until now. Additional observations over time-scales of decades to centuries are needed to complement the current incomplete picture. Securing them with the required accuracy and time coverage, and ensuring that their full exploitation will ultimately be possible, represents a unique challenge in time-domain astronomy.
On the Problem of Standardisation in Time-Domain Photometry
Authors: Sterken C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis presentation addressed some aspects of photometric standardisation and calibration that have a very significant effect on the accuracy of long time-baseline photometry. The difficulties were illustrated by examples of combinations of vintage photographic magnitudes with photomultiplier and CCD photometry, and with photometry from space. The case studies involved variability on time-scales of hours, years, decades and centuries. The examples went beyond classical problems of combining incongruent and ambiguous passbands, non-linear detectors and poor standardisation.
MeerLICHT: MeerKAT’s Optical Eye
Authors: Paterson K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMeerLICHT is a 65-cm optical telescope situated in Sutherland. The MeerLICHT project, as a part of the ThunderKAT project, will be linked to MeerKAT in real time, providing simultaneous optical and radio observations of the transient sky. Since transient events often require multi-wavelength observations within a short time-lapse, the combination of MeerLICHT and MeerKAT will provide invaluable information on emission at both wavelengths, including the relation between, and evolution of, emission from both wavelength windows. With the installation and commissioning of MeerLICHT now completed, early science with MeerLICHT has begun. The talk offered an overview of the MeerLICHT and ThunderKAT projects as a whole, presented early science results obtained with MeerLICHT, looked at future work with these projects, and discussed other related planned projects.
Getting Ready for TESS: an On-hand Software Tutorial
Authors: Burt J. , Barclay T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe launch of NASA’s next exoplanet mission, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), took place successfully on 2018 April 18, and has now commenced science operations. TESS is specifically designed to search for exoplanets transiting the closest and brightest stars using high-cadence photometric measurements. The images employed for detecting those planets can also be used for a wide variety of time-domain astronomy, especially when considering the full-frame images that TESS takes every 30 minutes. This (pre-launch) workshop familiarised participants with the details of how TESS will operate, described the expected data products and how to access them, introduced the software suite PyKE, which can be used to analyse TESS data, and highlighted ways for participants to request additional TESS targets.
25 Years of the Southern Skies Monitoring by OGLE
Authors: Wyrzykowski Ł. , Pietrukowicz P. ,   OGLE
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) started at Las Campanas Observatory in 1992 with a pilot monitoring programme of two million stars in the Galactic Bulge. It is still operating today, collecting time-domain photometric data of a billion stars from the densest regions in the southern sky. Among its main achievements are discoveries of thousands of microlensing events, a few dozen extrasolar planets and candidates for black holes, a million variable stars, and thousands of quasars and supernovæ. It has made a major contribution to the studies of the dark-matter content of the Milky Way halo, the structure of the Galactic Bulge, the Magellanic Clouds, and new classes of variable stars. In this its 25th anniversary year, we presented a selection of the major scientific highlights of OGLE.
Accessing Data for Long-Term Variability
Authors: Griffin E. , Balona L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAstronomy’s heritage, comprised mainly of several million photographic plates (both images and spectra), extends backwards in time for many decades. It constitutes a unique and irreplaceable resource for research into long-term variations. Unfortunately, to date rather few of the plates can be accessed in digital formats and cannot therefore be used in modern research. That lack of use encourages the attitude that ‘old’ data have no value and might as well be destroyed. This Workshop discussed ways and means to avert such threats, and prioritised a list of actions that need to be taken as soon as possible.
Testing the SALT High-Resolution Spectrograph for Pulsation Studies of roAp Stars
Authors: Holdsworth D. , Kurtz D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present the first time-resolved spectroscopic observations, made with the SALT HRS instrument, of a rapidly oscillating Ap star. We used the instrument in the High Stability mode, with the fastest readout settings – a setup never previously used. Over a 2.5-hr track length, we obtained 280 spectra at 8-second integration times and a cadence of 30 seconds. The target, α Circini, is the brightest of the roAp stars, and thus provides an excellent opportunity to test the instrument. Previous time-resolved spectroscopic studies of this star have been conducted by Kurtz, Elkin & Mathys† with the VLT/UVES instrument, and by Mkrtichian & Hatzes‡ with the HARPS instrument on the ESO 3.6-m telescope. Those two studies provide us with benchmarks to compare the performance of SALT/HRS for this type of project. With the upcoming TESS mission, the ability to perform high-precision, time-resolved spectroscopy of pulsating stars will be key for the scientific output of SALT.
The Beijing Twin Study (BeTwiSt): An Update
Authors: Bi Dandan , Li Xinying , Chen Jie , Jiang Nengzhi , Zhang Jianxin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Beijing Twin Study (BeTwiSt), which was established in 2006, is an ongoing study aiming to investigate the genetic and environmental etiology of adolescent psychopathology. Resting-state brain imaging datasets have been examined for same-sex twins, and other psychological traits and emotional and behavioral variables have been examined for all twins. Based on the registry, the main findings regarding the etiological mechanism underlying adolescent development, magnetic resonance imaging results, and genetic and environmental influences on other psychological traits have been published. This article summarizes the key findings in these three areas and discusses future plans for the BeTwiSt.
Timing-Dependent Priming Effects of Anodal tDCS on Two-Hand Coordination
Authors: Azarpaikan Atefeh , Torbati Hamid Reza Taherii , Sohrabi Mehdi , Boostani Reza , Ghoshoni Majid 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The aim of study was to investigate the interaction of time of applying anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with motor learning using a two-hand coordination (THC) task. Sixty-four healthy participants were tested under four stimulation conditions: anodal tDCS a head of the motor task, anodal tDCS during the motor task, anodal tDCS following the motor task, and sham tDCS. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) stimulation was applied on cerebellum by using a weak direct current (15 min) of 1.5 mA generated by a battery and regulated by the drive stimulator. The results show that on-line learning increased in the anodal tDCS-during group ( p = .039). The anodal tDCS-after group relied more on off-line learning ( p = .05). The during-tDCS and after-tDCS groups achieved greater improvements in speed/accuracy than the before-tDCS and sham-tDCS groups. The cerebellar tDCS may play a significant role to speed up motor skill acquisition and improve motor skill accuracy.
Emotional Valence Modulates Low Beta Suppression and Recognition of Social Interactions
Authors: Berntsen Monica B. , Cooper Nicholas R. , Romei Vincenzo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Emotional valence may have evolutionary adaptive purposes as negative stimuli can be related to survival against threat and positive stimuli to facilitating relationships. This can be seen in the different impact positive and negative stimuli have on human health and well-being, and in the valence-specific cortical activity and neurophysiological patterns reported; for example, negative stimuli are processed more rapidly than positive. Valence-specific patterns are affected by individual differences and personality traits such as empathy, where levels of empathy relate to different reactivity patterns to valence. Here we investigated the effect of valence on neurophysiological responses and interpretation of social interactions depicted by point-light biological motion (PLBM) displays. The meaning of each PLBM display is revealed as the sequence unfolds and is therefore not readily available for snap assessments such as fight or flight responses. We compared electroencephalogram (EEG) reactivity during observation of the displays between individuals with low, moderate, or high levels of empathy. Results indicated that positive displays induced significantly larger suppression in lower beta (13–20 Hz) compared to control displays, while negative displays revealed no difference in suppression compared to scrambled versions. However, no difference between positive and negative displays was observed, suggesting that the rapid processing of negative displays may have been minimized by revealing meaning more slowly. Positive displays were interpreted more accurately, while levels of empathy did not modulate either neurophysiological responses or interpretation, suggesting that empathy under these conditions did not influence the way in which valence was processed or interpreted.
Long‐Term Wetting and Drying Trends in Land Water Storage Derived From GRACE and CMIP5 Models
Authors: Jensen L. , Eicker A. , Dobslaw H. , Stacke T. , Humphrey V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCoupled climate models participating in the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) exhibit a large intermodel spread in the representation of long‐term trends in soil moisture and snow in response to anthropogenic climate change. We evaluate long‐term (January 1861 to December 2099) water storage trends from 21 CMIP5 models against observed trends in terrestrial water storage (TWS) obtained from 14 years (April 2002 to August 2016) of the GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) satellite mission. This is complicated due to the incomplete representation of TWS in CMIP5 models and interannual climate variability masking long‐term trends in observations. We thus evaluate first the spread in projected trends among CMIP5 models and identify regions of broad model consensus. Second, we assess the extent to which these projected trends are already present during the historical period (January 1861 to August 2016) and thus potentially detectable in observational records available today. Third, we quantify the degree to which 14‐year tendencies can be expected to represent long‐term trends, finding that regional long‐term trends start to emerge from interannual variations after just 14 years while stable global trend patterns are detectable after 30 years. We classify regions of strong model consensus into areas where (1) climate‐related TWS changes are supported by the direction of GRACE trends, (2) mismatch of trends hints at possible model deficits, (3) the short observation time span and/or anthropogenic influences prevent reliable conclusions about long‐term wetting or drying. We thereby demonstrate the value of satellite observations of water storage to further constrain the response of the terrestrial water cycle to climate change.