bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onset of Daily Activity in a Female Songbird Is Related to Peak-Induced Estradiol Levels
Authors: Graham Jessica L , Needham Katie B , Bertucci Emily M , Pearson Alexis A , Bauer Carolyn M , Greives Timothy J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractResearch in captive birds and mammals has demonstrated that circadian (i.e., daily) behavioral rhythms are altered in response to increases in sex-steroid hormones. Recently, we and others have demonstrated a high degree of individual repeatability in peak (gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH]-induced sex) steroid levels, and we have found that these GnRH-induced levels are highly correlated with their daily (night-time) endogenous peak. Whether or not individual variation in organization and activity of the reproductive endocrine axis is related to daily timing in wild animals is not well known. To begin to explore these possible links, we tested the hypothesis that maximal levels of the sex steroid hormone estradiol (E2) and onset of daily activity are related in a female songbird, the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). We found that females with higher levels of GnRH-induced E2 departed from their nest in the morning significantly earlier than females with lower stimulated levels. We did not observe a relationship between testosterone and this measure of onset of activity. Our findings suggest an interaction between an individual’s reproductive endocrine axis and the circadian system and variation observed in an individuals’ daily activity onset. We suggest future studies examine the relationship between maximal sex-steroid hormones and timing of daily activity onset.
Spatially resolved past and projected changes of the suitable thermal habitat of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua) under climate change
Authors: Núñez-Riboni Ismael , Taylor Marc H , Kempf Alexander , Püts Miriam , Mathis Moritz 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Previous studies have identified changes in habitat temperature as a major factor leading to the geographical displacement of North Sea cod in the last decades. However, the degree to which thermal suitability is presently changing in different regions of the North Sea is still unclear, or if temperature alone (or together with fishery) is responsible for this displacement. In this study, the spatial distribution of different life stages of cod was modelled from 1967 to 2015. The model is fit point-to-point, spatially resolved at scales of 20 km. The results show that suitability has decreased south of 56°N (&gt;12% in the Southern Bight) and increased north of it (with maximum of roughly 10% in southern Skagerrak). Future changes to suitability were estimated throughout the century using temperature projections from a regional climate model under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenario RCP8.5. The results show that southern Skagerrak, the central and northern North Sea and the edge of the Norwegian trench will remain thermally suitable for North Sea cod throughout the century. This detailed geographical representation of thermally suitable key zones for North Sea cod under climate change is revealed for the first time through the improved resolution of this analysis.
Powerful three-sample genome-wide design and robust statistical inference in summary-data Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhao Qingyuan , Chen Yang , Wang Jingshu , Small Dylan S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Summary-data Mendelian randomization (MR) has become a popular research design to estimate the causal effect of risk exposures. With the sample size of GWAS continuing to increase, it is now possible to use genetic instruments that are only weakly associated with the exposure.

Development
We propose a three-sample genome-wide design where typically 1000 independent genetic instruments across the whole genome are used. We develop an empirical partially Bayes statistical analysis approach where instruments are weighted according to their strength; thus weak instruments bring less variation to the estimator. The estimator is highly efficient with many weak genetic instruments and is robust to balanced and/or sparse pleiotropy.

Application
We apply our method to estimate the causal effect of body mass index (BMI) and major blood lipids on cardiovascular disease outcomes, and obtain substantially shorter confidence intervals (CIs). In particular, the estimated causal odds ratio of BMI on ischaemic stroke is 1.19 (95% CI: 1.07–1.32, P-value <0.001); the estimated causal odds ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on coronary artery disease (CAD) is 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73–0.84, P-value <0.001). However, the estimated effect of HDL-C attenuates and become statistically non-significant when we only use strong instruments.

Conclusions
A genome-wide design can greatly improve the statistical power of MR studies. Robust statistical methods may alleviate but not solve the problem of horizontal pleiotropy. Our empirical results suggest that the relationship between HDL-C and CAD is heterogeneous, and it may be too soon to completely dismiss the HDL hypothesis.
Gone but Not Forgotten? Retrieving the Migrant in Late Antiquity
Authors: Doerfler Maria E 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, migration has come into increasing scholarly focus as both a historical and a transhistorical phenomenon, with particular periods emerging as foci for migration activity. The latter go hand in hand with high incidences of migrant deaths, responses to which remain swathed in the politics of remembrance and recovery. Both the grave vulnerabilities of migrants and the efforts surrounding their recollection find their echoes not only in the contemporary United States but in earlier historical eras and other regions as well. This article examines one such period: that of the fifth and sixth centuries CE, when wars, natural disasters, and shifts in imperial allegiances both shaped another “age of exile” and precipitated religious responses thereto. By investigating Eastern Christian narratives around the care for the bodies and souls of migrants, this article considers the challenges that afflict efforts to remember the migrant in both late ancient and contemporary practice.
In vitro antifungal activity of a novel topical triazole PC945 against emerging yeast Candida auris
Authors: Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M , Colley Thomas , Abdolrasouli Alireza , Ashman Jed , Dhaliwal Manpreet , Kaur Harsimran , Armstrong-James Darius , Strong Pete , Rapeport Garth , Schelenz Silke , Ito Kazuhiro , Chakrabarti Arunaloke 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Management of Candida auris infection is difficult as this yeast exhibits resistance to different classes of antifungals, necessitating the development of new antifungals. The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of C. auris to a novel antifungal triazole, PC945, optimized for topical delivery.

Methods
A collection of 50 clinical isolates was obtained from a tertiary care hospital in North India. Nine isolates from the UK, 10 from a CDC panel (USA) and 3 from the CBS-KNAW culture collection (Japanese and South Korean isolates) were also obtained. MICs (azole endpoint) of PC945 and other triazoles were determined in accordance with CLSI M27 (third edition). Quality control strains were included [Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) and Candida krusei (ATCC 6258)].

Results
Seventy-four percent of isolates tested showed reduced susceptibility to fluconazole (≥64 mg/L). PC945 (geometric mean MIC = 0.058 mg/L) was 7.4-fold and 1.5-fold more potent than voriconazole and posaconazole, respectively (both P < 0.01). PC945 MIC values correlated with those of voriconazole or posaconazole, and only three isolates were found to be cross-resistant between PC945 and other azoles. ERG11 sequence analysis revealed several mutations, but no correlation could be established with the MIC of PC945. Tentative epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) evaluated by CLSI’s ECOFF Finder (at 99%) with 24 h reading of MICs were 1, 4 and 1 mg/L for PC945, voriconazole and posaconazole, respectively. MIC values for quality control strains of all triazoles were in the normal ranges.

Conclusions
PC945 was found to be a more potent inhibitor than posaconazole, voriconazole and fluconazole of C. auris isolates collected globally, warranting further laboratory and clinical evaluations.
Real world evidence in cardiovascular medicine: ensuring data validity in electronic health record-based studies
Authors: Hernandez-Boussard Tina , Monda Keri L , Crespo Blai Coll , Riskin Dan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
With growing availability of digital health data and technology, health-related studies are increasingly augmented or implemented using real world data (RWD). Recent federal initiatives promote the use of RWD to make clinical assertions that influence regulatory decision-making. Our objective was to determine whether traditional real world evidence (RWE) techniques in cardiovascular medicine achieve accuracy sufficient for credible clinical assertions, also known as “regulatory-grade” RWE.

Design
Retrospective observational study using electronic health records (EHR), 2010–2016.

Methods
A predefined set of clinical concepts was extracted from EHR structured (EHR-S) and unstructured (EHR-U) data using traditional query techniques and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, respectively. Performance was evaluated against manually annotated cohorts using standard metrics. Accuracy was compared to pre-defined criteria for regulatory-grade. Differences in accuracy were compared using Chi-square test.

Results
The dataset included 10 840 clinical notes. Individual concept occurrence ranged from 194 for coronary artery bypass graft to 4502 for diabetes mellitus. In EHR-S, average recall and precision were 51.7% and 98.3%, respectively and 95.5% and 95.3% in EHR-U, respectively. For each clinical concept, EHR-S accuracy was below regulatory-grade, while EHR-U met or exceeded criteria, with the exception of medications.

Conclusions
Identifying an appropriate RWE approach is dependent on cohorts studied and accuracy required. In this study, recall varied greatly between EHR-S and EHR-U. Overall, EHR-S did not meet regulatory grade criteria, while EHR-U did. These results suggest that recall should be routinely measured in EHR-based studes intended for regulatory use. Furthermore, advanced data and technologies may be required to achieve regulatory grade results.
Flagging Facebook Falsehoods: Self-Identified Humor Warnings Outperform Fact Checker and Peer Warnings
Authors: Garrett R Kelly , Poulsen Shannon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present two studies evaluating the effectiveness of flagging inaccurate political posts on social media. In Study 1, we tested fact-checker flags, peer-generated flags, and a flag indicating that the publisher self-identified as a source of humor. We predicted that all would be effective, that their effectiveness would depend on prior beliefs, and that the self-identified humor flag would work best. Conducting a 2-wave online experiment (N = 218), we found that self-identified humor flags were most effective, reducing beliefs and sharing intentions, especially among those predisposed to believe the post. We found no evidence that warnings from fact checkers or peers were beneficial. Compared to the alternatives, participants exposed to self-identified humor flags exhibited less reactance to and had more positive appraisals of the flagging system. The second study (N = 610) replicated the findings of the first and provides a preliminary test of what makes this flag work.
Dual role of FGF in proliferation and endoreplication of Drosophila tracheal adult progenitor cells
Authors: de Miguel Cristina , Cruz Josefa , Martín David , Franch-Marro Xavier 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdult progenitor cells activation is a key event in the formation of adult organs. In Drosophila, formation of abdominal adult trachea depends on the specific activation of tracheal adult progenitors (tracheoblasts) at the Tr4 and Tr5 spiracular branches. Proliferation of these tracheoblasts generates a pool of tracheal cells that migrate toward the posterior part of the trachea by the activation of the branchless/fibroblast growth factor (Bnl/FGF) signaling to form the abdominal adult trachea. Here, we show that, in addition to migration, Bnl/FGF signaling, mediated by the transcription factor Pointed, is also required for tracheoblast proliferation. This tracheoblast activation relies on the expression of the FGF ligand bnl in their nearby branches. Finally, we show that, in the absence of the transcription factor Cut (Ct), Bnl/FGF signaling induces endoreplication of tracheoblasts partially by promoting fizzy-related expression. Altogether, our results suggest a dual role of Bnl/FGF signaling in tracheoblasts, inducing both proliferation and endoreplication, depending on the presence or absence of the transcription factor Ct, respectively.
Intervention, Materiality, and Contemporary Somali Counterpiracy
Authors: Jacobsen Katja Lindskov 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTaking seriously debates in IR about the significance of materiality and noticing the prominence of materiality in contemporary counterpiracy interventions, this article combines insights from Science and Technology Studies (STS) with insights from the poststructuralist intervention literature. Both literatures highlight the importance of “constitutive effects.” Poststructuralists do so with attention to the effects of intervention in constituting, temporarily, the meaning of sovereignty, and STS scholars do so with attention to constitutive effects that processes at the level of materiality give rise to. By combining these two literatures, this article asks: how might we think about the constitutive effects of material aspects of counterpiracy interventions? This question is explored through a focus on two donor-funded pirate prisons in Somalia. By operationalizing the STS notions of coproduction (Jasanoff 2004c) and solution/problem-framings (Beck et al. 2016), the article broadens the study of how intervention practices give rise to constitutive effects by explicitly attending to processes at the level of materiality. This approach enables the article to highlight an important tension in contemporary intervention practices: a tension between donor's desire to delimit intervention contributions and the risk that such contributions (including presumably more easily delineated material aspects) give rise to effects that challenge this faith in neatly delimited forms of intervention. This tension is not only relevant in relation to Somali counterpiracy, but also in other intervention contexts. The article thus illustrates how STS insights can help advance our appreciation of the manifold dimensions and effects of contemporary interventionism.
Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma on the lower leg
Authors: Takegawa Masayasu , Kakudo Natsuko , Morimoto Naoki , Hihara Masakatsu , Masuoka Hiromu , Kusumoto Kenji 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PCACC) is a very rare malignant tumor. Here a case of PCACC on the left lower leg with metastasis to the inguinal lymph node. The tumor resection and the inguinal lymph node dissection were performed under general anesthesia, and the defect was covered with free meshed skin graft. No complication or recurrence has occurred after the surgery.
Traumatic cervical spine injury during sexual activity
Authors: Davidson Caroline , Crutcher Clifford L , Tender Gabriel C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sexual activity is unlikely to result in spinal injuries. We present the first case of a cervical fracture-subluxation and spinal cord injury following sexual activity. This 31-year-old female presented to the emergency room with neck pain and quadriparesis, following sexual activity in an extreme position. Imaging revealed a hyperflexion cervical fracture-subluxation injury, requiring reduction by traction, followed by circumferential surgical fixation. At 6 months postoperatively, she reported baseline return of function. This case demonstrates that sex-induced spinal injuries are possible and may require urgent surgical treatment.
Advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing for pre-operative planning of revision hip surgery
Authors: Tserovski Stefan , Georgieva Simona , Simeonov Radoil , Bigdeli Amir , Röttinger Heinz , Kinov Plamen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful and cost-effective interventions in medicine nowadays, providing reliable pain relief and functional improvement to those with osteoarthritis or inflammatory arthritis of the hip (P Kinov, B Antonov,’Possibilities for surgical treatment of acetabular osteolysis subsequent to revision arthroplasty of hip joint‘, Orthop Trauma. 52, 2015). Revision hip arthroplasty or severe reconstructive procedures in cases with significant anatomical defects require skilled surgical staff and accurate preoperative planning, including bone insufficiency, deficiency, discontinuity (anatomical assessment) as well as augmentation, cage or other requirements. (implant planning). Some authors recommend preoperative 3D model planning for precise anatomical assessment and preoperative training. This method has some limitations but could be successfully used in addition to conventional surgery.
Keep talking: crosstalk between iron and sulfur networks fine-tunes growth and development to promote survival under iron limitation
Authors: Mendoza-Cózatl David G , Gokul Arun , Carelse Mogamat F , Jobe Timothy O , Long Terri A , Keyster Marshall 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Plants are capable of synthesizing all the molecules necessary to complete their life cycle from minerals, water, and light. This plasticity, however, comes at a high energetic cost and therefore plants need to regulate their economy and allocate resources accordingly. Iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters are at the center of photosynthesis, respiration, amino acid, and DNA metabolism. Fe–S clusters are extraordinary catalysts, but their main components (Fe2+ and S2−) are highly reactive and potentially toxic. To prevent toxicity, plants have evolved mechanisms to regulate the uptake, storage, and assimilation of Fe and S. Recent advances have been made in understanding the cellular economy of Fe and S metabolism individually, and growing evidence suggests that there is dynamic crosstalk between Fe and S networks. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent literature on Fe sensing, allocation, use efficiency, and, when pertinent, its relationship to S metabolism. Our future perspectives include a discussion about the open questions and challenges ahead and how the plant nutrition field can come together to approach these questions in a cohesive and more efficient way.
Doubly disadvantaged? Gender, informal job search, and labor market outcomes among South Korea’s immigrant workers
Authors: Kim Harris Hyun-Soo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis research investigates the gendered labor market consequences of immigrant social networks. Based on a nationally representative sample and using alternative analytic strategies, the present study investigates how and the extent to which informal job search, that is, finding a job through a personal contact, is associated with the earnings outcome for male and female immigrant workers in South Korea. Unlike most previous studies, it distinguishes between job contact sources: bonding and bridging. Contrary to the notion that immigrant women are ‘doubly disadvantaged’ in the labor market, findings indicate that informal job search yields lower monthly income for male workers only. In addition, significant evidence suggests that for the male subsample, securing a job through a bonding (co-ethnic) tie results in an earnings penalty. Negative income returns on using a bridging (inter-ethnic) tie, on the other hand, receive conditional empirical support.
Galaxy mass profiles from strong lensing I: the circular power-law model
Authors: O’Riordan C M , Warren S J , Mortlock D J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this series of papers, we develop a formalism for constraining mass profiles in strong gravitational lenses with extended images, using fluxes in addition to positional information. We start in this paper with a circular power-law profile and show that the slope γ is uniquely determined by only two observables: the flux ratio f1/f2 and the image position ratio θ1/θ2 of the two images. We derive an analytic expression relating these two observables to the slope, a result that does not depend on the Einstein angle or the structure or brightness of the source. We then find an expression for the uncertainty on the slope σγ that depends only on the position ratio θ1/θ2 and the total signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) in the images. For example, in a system with position ratio θ1/θ2 = 0.5, S/N = 100, and γ = 2 we find that γ is constrained to a precision of ±0.03. We then test these results against a series of mock observations. We invert the images and fit an 11-parameter model, including ellipticity and position angle for both lens and source and measure the uncertainty on γ. We find agreement with the theoretical estimate for all mock observations. In future papers, we will examine the radial range of the galaxy over which the constraint on the slope applies, and extend the analysis to elliptical lenses.
Partly burnt runaway stellar remnants from peculiar thermonuclear supernovae
Authors: Raddi R , Hollands M A , Koester D , Hermes J J , Gänsicke B T , Heber U , Shen K J , Townsley D M , Pala A F , Reding J S , Toloza O F , Pelisoli I , Geier S , Gentile Fusillo N P , Munari U , Strader J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We report the discovery of three stars that, along with the prototype LP 40−365, form a distinct class of chemically peculiar runaway stars that are the survivors of thermonuclear explosions. Spectroscopy of the four confirmed LP 40−365 stars finds ONe-dominated atmospheres enriched with remarkably similar amounts of nuclear ashes of partial O- and Si-burning. Kinematic evidence is consistent with ejection from a binary supernova progenitor; at least two stars have rest-frame velocities indicating they are unbound to the Galaxy. With masses and radii ranging between 0.20 and 0.28 M$\odot$ and between 0.16 and 0.60 R$\odot$, respectively, we speculate these inflated white dwarfs are the partly burnt remnants of either peculiar Type Iax or electron-capture supernovae. Adopting supernova rates from the literature, we estimate that ∼20 LP 40−365 stars brighter than 19 mag should be detectable within 2 kpc from the Sun at the end of the Gaia mission. We suggest that as they cool, these stars will evolve in their spectroscopic appearance, and eventually become peculiar O-rich white dwarfs. Finally, we stress that the discovery of new LP 40−365 stars will be useful to further constrain their evolution, supplying key boundary conditions to the modelling of explosion mechanisms, supernova rates, and nucleosynthetic yields of peculiar thermonuclear explosions.
The luminosity function of quasars by the Principle of Maximum Entropy
Authors: Andrei Alexandre , Coelho Bruno , Guedes Leandro L S , Lyra Alexandre 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We propose a different way to obtain the distribution of the luminosity function of quasars by using the Principle of Maximum Entropy. The input data come from Richard et al 2006 quasar counts, extending up to redshift 5 and limited from apparent magnitude i = 15–19.1 at z ≲ 3 to i = 20.2 for z ≳ 3. Using only few initial data points, the principle allows us to estimate probabilities and hence that luminosity curve. We carry out statistical tests to evaluate our results. The resulting luminosity function compares well to earlier determinations, and our results remain consistent either when the amount or choice of sampled sources is unbiasedly altered. Besides this, we estimate the distribution of the luminosity function for redshifts in which there is only observational data in the vicinity.