bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal dynamics and behavioural ecology of a “demersal” fish population as detected using research survey pelagic trawl catches: the Eastern Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Casini Michele , Tian Huidong , Hansson Martin , Grygiel Włodzimierz , Strods Guntars , Statkus Romas , Sepp Elor , Gröhsler Tomas , Orio Alessandro , Larson Niklas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Cod is usually monitored for scientific purposes using bottom trawl surveys, although its regular pelagic occurrence is well documented. Here we analysed, using Generalized Additive Models, the spatio-temporal changes in the Eastern Baltic cod adult population using pelagic catches from an acoustic survey covering 37 years and the whole central Baltic Sea. Our analysis shows that in the northern areas cod catch per unit effort (CPUE, kg h-1) was high in the early 1980s whereas it dropped and remained very low thereafter. Conversely, in the southernmost area CPUE largely oscillated after the early 1990s. Our model was able to capture key ecological features of the Baltic cod such as preferred depth of occurrence and response to hypoxic conditions. The model also revealed a clear daily cycle of CPUEs, indicating diel vertical migrations at the population level. The temporal trends of pelagic CPUEs generally followed those from the bottom trawl surveys, although differences were observed especially in the recent years with a relative decline in the cod occurring in the pelagic waters. Our results point to the great potential of acoustic survey trawl catches to complement bottom trawl surveys for investigating the spatio-temporal population dynamics and behaviour of the Baltic cod.
A virtual element method for a nonlocal FitzHugh–Nagumo model of cardiac electrophysiology
Authors: Anaya Verónica , Bendahmane Mostafa , Mora David , Sepúlveda Mauricio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present a virtual element method (VEM) for a nonlocal reaction–diffusion system of the cardiac electric field. For this system, we analyze an $H^1$-conforming discretization by means of VEM that can make use of general polygonal meshes. Under standard assumptions on the computational domain, we establish the convergence of the discrete solution by considering a series of a priori estimates and by using a general $L^p$ compactness criterion. Moreover, we obtain optimal order space-time error estimates in the $L^2$ norm. Finally, we report some numerical tests supporting the theoretical results.
A posteriori error analysis for random scalar conservation laws using the stochastic Galerkin method
Authors: Meyer Fabian , Rohde Christian , Giesselmann Jan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this article we present an a posteriori error estimator for the spatial–stochastic error of a Galerkin-type discretization of an initial value problem for a random hyperbolic conservation law. For the stochastic discretization we use the stochastic Galerkin method and for the spatial–temporal discretization of the stochastic Galerkin system a Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method. The estimator is obtained using smooth reconstructions of the discrete solution. Combined with the relative entropy stability framework of Dafermos (2016, Hyperbolic Conservation Laws in Continuum Physics, 4th edn., Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften [Fundamental Principles of Mathematical Sciences], vol. 325, Berlin, Springer, pp. xxxviii+826), this leads to computable error bounds for the space–stochastic discretization error. Moreover, it turns out that the error estimator admits a splitting into one part representing the spatial error, and a remaining term, which can be interpreted as the stochastic error. This decomposition allows us to balance the errors arising from spatial and stochastic discretization. We conclude with some numerical examples confirming the theoretical findings.
Fox H-kernel and θ-deformation of the Cauchy Two-Matrix Model and Bures Ensemble
Authors: Forrester Peter J , Li Shi-Hao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA $\theta $-deformation of the Laguerre weighted Cauchy two-matrix model, and the Bures ensemble, is introduced. Such a deformation is familiar from the Muttalib–Borodin ensemble. The $\theta $-deformed Cauchy–Laguerre two-matrix model is a two-component determinantal point process. It is shown that the correlation kernel, and its hard edge scaled limit, can be written in terms of particular Fox H-functions, generalising the Meijer G-function class known from the study of the case $\theta = 1$. In the $\theta =1$ case, it is shown that the Laguerre–Bures ensemble is related to the Laguerre–Cauchy two-matrix model, notwithstanding the Bures ensemble corresponding to a Pfaffian point process. This carries over to the $\theta $-deformed case, allowing explicit expressions involving Fox H-functions for the correlation kernel, and its hard edge scaling limit, to also be obtained for the $\theta $-deformed Laguerre–Bures ensemble. The hard edge scaling limit is in the Raney class $(\theta /2+1,1/2)$.
Diverse Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Develop Macrophage-Induced Rifampin Tolerance
Authors: Adams Kristin N , Verma Amit Kumar , Gopalaswamy Radha , Adikesavalu Harresh , Singhal Dinesh Kumar , Tripathy Srikanth , Ranganathan Uma Devi , Sherman David R , Urdahl Kevin B , Ramakrishnan Lalita , Hernandez Rafael E 
Published: January 2019

Mycobacterium tuberculosis develops tolerance to multiple antibiotics when residing in host macrophages. We demonstrate that macrophage-induced tolerance to rifampin is common across major lineages of M. tuberculosis, except for Beijing-family lineage 2 strains.
Cholera toxin B induces interleukin-1β production from resident peritoneal macrophages through the pyrin inflammasome as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Orimo Takashi , Sasaki Izumi , Hemmi Hiroaki , Ozasa Toshiya , Fukuda-Ohta Yuri , Ohta Tomokazu , Morinaka Mio , Kitauchi Mariko , Yamaguchi Takako , Sato Yayoi , Tanaka Takashi , Hoshino Katsuaki , Katayama Kei-ichi , Fukuda Shinji , Miyake Kensuke , Yamamoto Masahiro , Satoh Takashi , Furukawa Koichi , Kuroda Etsushi , Ishii Ken J , Takeda Kiyoshi , Kaisho Tsuneyasu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCholera toxin B (CTB) is a subunit of cholera toxin, a bacterial enterotoxin secreted by Vibrio cholerae and also functions as an immune adjuvant. However, it remains unclear how CTB activates immune cells. We here evaluated whether or how CTB induces production of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β). CTB induced IL-1β production not only from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) but also from resident peritoneal macrophages in synergy with O111:B4-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS O111:B4) that can bind to CTB. Meanwhile, when prestimulated with O55:B5-derived LPS (LPS O55:B5) that fails to bind to CTB, resident peritoneal macrophages, but not BMMs, produced IL-1β in response to CTB. The CTB-induced IL-1β production in synergy with LPS in both peritoneal macrophages and BMMs was dependent on ganglioside GM1, which is required for internalization of CTB. Notably, not only the NLRP3 inflammasome but also the pyrin inflammasome were involved in CTB-induced IL-1β production from resident peritoneal macrophages, while only the NLRP3 inflammasome was involved in that from BMMs. In response to CTB, a Rho family small GTPase, RhoA, which activates pyrin inflammasome upon various kinds of biochemical modification, increased its phosphorylation at serine-188 in a GM1-dependent manner. This phosphorylation as well as CTB-induced IL-1β productions were dependent on protein kinase A (PKA), indicating critical involvement of PKA-dependent RhoA phosphorylation in CTB-induced IL-1β production. Taken together, these results suggest that CTB, incorporated through GM1, can activate resident peritoneal macrophages to produce IL-1β in synergy with LPS through novel mechanisms in which pyrin as well as NLRP3 inflammasomes are involved.
Rapid Genetic Code Evolution in Green Algal Mitochondrial Genomes
Authors: Noutahi Emmanuel , Calderon Virginie , Blanchette Mathieu , El-Mabrouk Nadia , Lang Bernd Franz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGenetic code deviations involving stop codons have been previously reported in mitochondrial genomes of several green plants (Viridiplantae), most notably chlorophyte algae (Chlorophyta). However, as changes in codon recognition from one amino acid to another are more difficult to infer, such changes might have gone unnoticed in particular lineages with high evolutionary rates that are otherwise prone to codon reassignments. To gain further insight into the evolution of the mitochondrial genetic code in green plants, we have conducted an in-depth study across mtDNAs from 51 green plants (32 chlorophytes and 19 streptophytes). Besides confirming known stop-to-sense reassignments, our study documents the first cases of sense-to-sense codon reassignments in Chlorophyta mtDNAs. In several Sphaeropleales, we report the decoding of AGG codons (normally arginine) as alanine, by tRNA(CCU) of various origins that carry the recognition signature for alanine tRNA synthetase. In Chromochloris, we identify tRNA variants decoding AGG as methionine and the synonymous codon CGG as leucine. Finally, we find strong evidence supporting the decoding of AUA codons (normally isoleucine) as methionine in Pycnococcus. Our results rely on a recently developed conceptual framework (CoreTracker) that predicts codon reassignments based on the disparity between DNA sequence (codons) and the derived protein sequence. These predictions are then validated by an evaluation of tRNA phylogeny, to identify the evolution of new tRNAs via gene duplication and loss, and structural modifications that lead to the assignment of new tRNA identities and a change in the genetic code.
The Impact of Alvimopan on Return of Bowel Function After Major Spine Surgery – A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Authors: Dunn Lauren K , Thiele Robert H , Lin Michelle C , Nemergut Edward C , Durieux Marcel E , Tsang Siny , Shaffrey Mark E , Smith Justin S , Shaffrey Christopher I , Naik Bhiken I 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Pain management following major spine surgery requires high doses of opioids and is associated with a risk of opioid-induced constipation. Peripheral mu-receptor antagonists decrease the gastrointestinal complications of perioperative systemic opioid administration without antagonizing the analgesic benefits of these drugs.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of alvimopan in opioid-naive patients undergoing major spine surgery.

METHODS
Patients undergoing >3 levels of thoracic and/or lumbar spine surgery were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study to receive either alvimopan or placebo prior to and following surgery. Opioid consumption; pain scores; and time of first oral intake, flatus, and bowel movement were recorded.

RESULTS
A total of 24 patients were assigned to the active group and 25 were assigned to the placebo group. There was no significant difference in demographics between the groups. Postoperatively, the alvimopan group reported earlier time to first solid intake [median (range): alvimopan: 15 h (3-25) vs placebo: 17 h (3-46), P < .001], passing of flatus [median (range): alvimopan: 22 h (7-63) vs placebo: 28 h (10-58), P < .001], and first bowel movement [median (range): alvimopan: 50 h (22-80) vs placebo: 64 h (40-114), P < .001]. The alvimopan group had higher pain scores (maximum, minimum, and median); however, there was no significant difference between the groups with postoperative opioid use.

CONCLUSION
This study shows that the perioperative use of alvimopan significantly reduced the time to return of bowel function with no increase in postoperative opioid use despite a slight increase in pain scores.
The Effect of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets on Pain in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Strath Larissa J , Jones Catherine D , Philip George Alan , Lukens Shannon L , Morrison Shannon A , Soleymani Taraneh , Locher Julie L , Gower Barbara A , Sorge Robert E 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveOsteoarthritis is the most prominent form of arthritis, affecting approximately 15% of the population in the United States. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has become one of the leading causes of disability in older adults. Besides knee replacement, there are no curative treatments for KOA, so persistent pain is commonly treated with opioids, acetaminophen, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, these drugs have many unpleasant side effects, so there is a need for alternative forms of pain management. We sought to test the efficacy of a dietary intervention to reduce KOA.DesignA randomized controlled pilot study to test the efficacy of two dietary interventions.SubjectsAdults 65–75 years of age with KOA.MethodsParticipants were asked to follow one of two dietary interventions (low-carbohydrate [LCD], low-fat [LFD]) or continue to eat as usual (control [CTRL]) over 12 weeks. Functional pain, self-reported pain, quality of life, and depression were assessed every three weeks. Serum from before and after the diet intervention was analyzed for oxidative stress.ResultsOver a period of 12 weeks, the LCD reduced pain intensity and unpleasantness in some functional pain tasks, as well as self-reported pain, compared with the LFD and CTRL. The LCD also significantly reduced oxidative stress and the adipokine leptin compared with the LFD and CTRL. Reduction in oxidative stress was related to reduced functional pain.ConclusionsWe present evidence suggesting that oxidative stress may be related to functional pain, and lowering it through our LCD intervention could provide relief from pain and be an opioid alternative.
Added value of biomarkers compared with clinical parameters for the prediction of radiographic spinal progression in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Rademacher Judith , Tietz Lorraine Madeline , Le Lien , Hartl Agnes , Hermann Kay-Geert A. , Sieper Joachim , Mansmann Ulrich , Rudwaleit Martin , Poddubnyy Denis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine whether adding biomarkers to routine clinical parameters improves prediction of radiographic spinal progression in axial spondyloarthritis.MethodsOne hundred and seventeen patients with ankylosing spondylitis who completed the Effects of NSAIDs on RAdiographic Damage in Ankylosing Spondylitis (ENRADAS) trial were included. Radiographic spinal progression was defined as worsening of the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score by ⩾2 points after 2 years. A clinical prediction model was constructed out of baseline syndesmophytes, elevated CRP, cigarette smoking and male sex. The following serum biomarkers were measured at baseline by ELISA: MMP3, VEGF, calprotectin, leptin, high molecular weight adiponectin, osteoprotegerin, sclerostin, N-terminal telopeptide, procollagen type II N-terminal propeptide and serum amyloid A.ResultsRepeated cross-validation analyses revealed one biomarker combination with potential added predictive value in addition to the clinical model: leptin + high molecular weight adiponectin + VEGF. This biomarker combination showed an area under the curve (AUC)Biomarkers = 0.731 (95% CI: 0.614, 0.848), which was numerically superior to the clinical model [AUCClinical = 0.665 (95% CI: 0.553, 0.776)]. A combination of clinical parameters + biomarkers showed an improved predictive value compared with the clinical model reflected by AUCClinical+Biomarkers = 0.768 (95% CI: 0.666, 0.871), though not statistically significant (P = 0.051). However, by considering the part of the receiver operating characteristic curve with a specificity ⩾75% resulting in partial AUC (pAUC), the improvement becomes significant (pAUCClinical+Biomarkers = 0.119; pAUCClinical = 0.053; P = 0.01).ConclusionBiomarkers show potential to improve the prediction of radiographic spinal progression in axial spondyloarthritis when used in addition to the clinical parameters, though the added value seems to be rather small.
Measuring spinal mobility in early axial spondyloarthritis: does it matter?
Authors: Marques Mary Lucy , Ramiro Sofia , Goupille Philippe , Dougados Maxime , van Gaalen Floris , van der Heijde Désirée 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the frequency and order of impairment of spinal mobility measures (SMMs) and their cross-sectional and longitudinal usefulness in early axial spondyloarthritis.MethodsSMMs measurements of patients from the DESIR (5-year data) and SPACE (2.6 (1.9) years of follow-up) cohorts were analysed. Cross-sectional (group level) and longitudinal (individual level) analyses were performed comparing SMMs to pre-defined cut-offs derived from healthy individuals. Subgroup analyses were used to study patient and disease characteristics potentially influencing spinal mobility. Reliability was analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients and the smallest detectable change.ResultsIn 328 DESIR and 148 SPACE patients, lateral spinal flexion (LSF) and mSchober were the most impaired SMMs. If both (LSF and mSchober) were measured, 84% (DESIR) and 74% (SPACE) of the patients with impairment in ≥1 SMM would be captured. LSF and Bath AS Metrology Index best discriminated between subgroups of patients (higher impairment in patients ever treated with biologics, with higher disease activity and presence of baseline syndesmophytes): e.g. 31% of LSF impairment in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) < 2.1 in ≥2/3 visits vs 49% in those with ASDS ≥ 2.1. A high variability in SMMs within the same patient over time was observed, even when restricting the analysis to patients with low disease activity. Reliability of SMMs was ‘fair’ to ‘good’ (inter-reader intraclass correlation coefficients (2, 1): 0.55–0.84; intrareader intraclass correlation coefficients (2, 1): 0.49–0.72). Smallest detectable changes were in general high, e.g. 5.1 cm for LSF.ConclusionCross-sectional use of SMMs, at the group level, is informative in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis. However, the high variation of SMMs over time impairs their use, at the individual patient level.
‘Losing My Raise’: minimum wage increases, status loss and job satisfaction among low-wage employees
Authors: Storer Adam , Reich Adam 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPolicymakers concerned with economic inequality regularly advocate for laws to increase the minimum wage. The impact of such laws on low-wage employment levels has been studied extensively within the field of labor economics. Yet, the vast majority of this literature has failed to explore how changes in the minimum wage impact the actual experience of low-wage work. We first discuss qualitative evidence that Walmart, the largest low-wage employer in the country, adjusts to minimum wage increases by compressing wages at the lower end of its wage distribution. We then make use of an innovative source of data to explore quantitatively the impact of such compression on workers’ experiences of their jobs at Walmart. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find that a higher minimum wage raises job satisfaction for workers who have worked at the company for under a year, but decreases job satisfaction for longer-term and marginally higher status employees.
Changing employment relations under a fractured corporate elite
Authors: Benton Richard , Hafeez Aibak , Mun Eunmi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Shareholder power is often cited as contributing to the deterioration of employment relations. However, managerial power also shapes how shareholder pressures affect workers. In this article, we examine how managerial power contributed to the initial durability and eventual decline of white-collar benefits in the era of shareholder primacy. One traditional source of elite power is the network of overlapping board appointments which helped corporate leaders resist shareholder pressures that weaken employment relations and benefits. More recently, this network has begun to fracture and leaders are no longer able to draw on collective resources in resisting shareholders. We investigate how shifting bases of elite power affect white-collar benefits, focusing on employee stock ownership plans, work–life balance policies and profit-sharing plans. Using a panel of S&P 1500 firms from 1998 to 2011, we show that firms densely connected in the board interlock network were more likely to adopt white-collar benefits; but these benefits began to erode as the network fractured. We discuss the consequences of a disempowered corporate elite for employment stability.
Concept Mapping During Simulation Debriefing to Encourage Active Learning, Critical Thinking, and Connections to Clinical Concepts
Authors: Odreman Holldrid A. , Clyens Dawn 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This pilot study showed how concept mapping during debriefing made a difference in the learning experience of participants. After a 20-minute video showing the clinical interaction between nurses and a patient, 34 nursing students debriefed their observations in either a traditional team debriefing session or in a debriefing session using concept mapping. Results showed an increase in analysis of thoughts, feelings, and critical thinking and connections to clinical concepts for students who used concept mapping during the debriefing session. Results suggest the application of concept mapping during debriefing as a useful teaching modality to help make connections to clinical concepts.
Recommended screenings for chlamydia and gonorrhea
Authors: O'Byrne Patrick 
Published: January 2019

Abstract:
Chlamydia and gonorrhea are the most commonly diagnosed bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and both are increasing in incidence. Because these STIs are often asymptomatic and found at extragenital sites, such as the pharynx and rectum, it is important that clinicians know when and how to screen for them. This article reviews recent updates to Canadian screening guidelines, including the evidence that led to updates on this topic.