bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childrearing Stages and Work–Family Conflict: The Role of Job Demands and Resources
Authors: Nomaguchi Kei , Fettro Marshal Neal 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe authors examine the role of job characteristics in influencing variation in mothers' work–family conflict by childrearing stage.BackgroundAlthough researchers generally contend that having younger children is related to greater work–family conflict, examination of this association is limited.MethodUsing data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 774), we conduct fixed effects models to examine variations in mothers' job characteristics across four waves when their children are 6 months old, 15 months old, third graders, and fifth graders and their links to variations in mothers' work‐to‐family conflict and family‐to‐work conflict across the same waves.ResultsMothers work fewer hours, but perceive more job pressure, fewer career opportunities, and less supervisor support when children are younger. Because of the countervailing patterns of variations by childrearing stage between work hours and job pressure, there is little difference in mothers' work‐to‐family conflict across the four waves. Mothers report more family‐to‐work conflict when children are younger, but this difference by childrearing stage disappears when perceived job pressure is controlled for.ConclusionLife course dynamics of job demands and resources may shape variation in work–family conflict by childrearing stage.ImplicationsWorkplace policies designed to reduce job pressure while not eliminating career opportunities would be helpful for mothers with young children to adjust to the stressfulness of balancing work and childrearing demands.
Patient assessment of chronic kidney disease self‐care using the chronic kidney disease self‐care scale in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Shu‐Li , Chiu Yi‐Wen , Kung Lan‐Fang , Chen Tzu‐Hui , Hsiao Shih‐Ming , Hsiao Pei‐Ni , Hwang Shang‐Jyh , Hsieh Hui‐Min 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTAimSelf‐care represents the ‘action’ element of self‐management. This study aimed to use the chronic kidney disease self‐care (CKDSC) scale to examine factors associated with self‐care and aspects of self‐care deficits among CKD patients in Taiwan.MethodsA cross‐sectional investigation was conducted using the CKDSC scale with 449 CKD patients in Taiwan. The CKDSC is a 16‐item questionnaire with five subscales, including medication adherence, diet control, exercise, smoking behaviours and blood pressure monitoring. Patient demographic and clinical factors taht may affect CKD self‐care were analyzed in the multivariable regression models.ResultsOverall CKDSC scores were significantly higher for women (P = 0.020), older patients (P < 0.001), higher education (P = 0.033), BMI <24 kg/m2 (P = 0.005), later CKD stage or participants in the CKD care programme. Early‐stage CKD patients had significantly lower for medication adherence, diet control, and blood pressure monitoring. Patients who participated in the CKD care programme had higher for medication adherence, diet control and regular exercise habits.ConclusionThe CKDSC scale is a tool to assess patient self‐care. However, given the CKDSC tool is in Chinese, future studies should validate it in CKD patients in other languages or countries before it can be considered for general use.
Ambulatory assessment of colonic motility using the electromagnetic capsule tracking system
Authors: Mark Esben Bolvig , Poulsen Jakob Lykke , Haase Anne‐Mette , Espersen Marie , Gregersen Tine , Schlageter Vincent , Scott S. Mark , Krogh Klaus , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Motilis 3D‐Transit system tracks electromagnetic capsules as they traverse the gastrointestinal tract. The method is minimally invasive and ambulatory. Analysis has previously been limited to regional gut transit times, but new methods may allow detailed analysis of colonic motility.MethodsParameters of colonic motility were analyzed from 34 3D‐Transit recordings performed in healthy volunteers (median age 28 years; 8 F). Characteristic propulsive velocities and lengths of movement were determined to quantify common movement patterns. Data from seven patients with severe chronic diarrhea were included for comparison.Key ResultsLack of capsule motion accounted for 82% (75%‐87%) of total colonic transit time. Propulsive velocities were distributed with peaks at 0.5 cm/min (antegrade or retrograde) and 50 cm/min (antegrade). Based on velocity and length of propagation, five motor patterns were identified; (a) long fast antegrade, (b) fast antegrade, (c) slow antegrade, (d) slow retrograde, and (e) fast retrograde movements. Long fast antegrade movements were median 21 cm (10‐96 cm). Capsule progression was faster during daytime than at night (5.9 cm/h vs 0.8 cm/h; P < 0.01). Colonic transit was faster in patients with chronic diarrhea than in healthy volunteers (5.4 h vs 18.2 h; P = 0.04), with higher capsule velocity (20.4 cm/h vs 4.4 cm/h; P < 0.01).Conclusions and InferencesThe 3D‐Transit system now allows detailed description of colonic motility and our results are supported by those previously suggested by manometry. It holds promise for future assessment of movement patterns to characterize different diseases and effects of treatment.
Antecedent soil water content and vapor pressure deficit interactively control water potential in Larrea tridentata
Authors: Guo Jessica S. , Ogle Kiona 
Published: August 2018

Summary

Plant water potential Ψ is regulated by stomatal responses to atmospheric moisture demand D and soil water availability W, but the timescales of influence and interactions between these drivers of plant Ψ are poorly understood.

Here, we quantify the effects of antecedent D and W on plant Ψ in the desert shrub Larrea tridentata. Repeated measurements of plant baseline water potential ΨB and diurnal water potential ΨD were analyzed in a Bayesian framework to evaluate the influence of antecedent D and W at daily and subdaily timescales.

Both ΨB and ΨD exhibited negative, 2‐ to 4‐d lagged responses to daily‐scale D; conversely, plant ΨD responded almost instantaneously to subdaily D, though the direction of this response depended on antecedent moisture conditions. Plant ΨB and ΨD responded positively and immediately (no lag) to shallow W, which contrasts the negative, lagged (6–7 d) response to deep W.

The changing sensitivity of ΨD to subdaily D highlights shifting modes of plant Ψ regulation: D effects on ΨD range from negative to neutral to positive depending on past conditions and time of day. Explicit consideration of antecedent conditions across multiple timescales can reveal important complexities in plant responses.
Rehabilitation of lost teeth related to maintenance of cognitive function
Authors: Shin Myung‐Seop , Shin Yoo Jin , Karna Sandeep , Kim Hyun‐Duck 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveAs the era of aging comes, cognitive impairment (CI) is increasing. The impact of rehabilitation of lost tooth on CI remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether non‐rehabilitated lost teeth (NRLT) is associated with CI among Korean elders.MethodsA total of 280 elders comprising of 140 cases and 140 age‐sex‐matched controls were included in this cross‐sectional study. CI was assessed using the Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE). NRLT was evaluated using panoramic radiograph and oral examination. NRLT was categorized into low (≤4) and high (≥5). Age, sex, education, drinking, smoking, exercise, obesity, hypertension, subclinical atherosclerosis, glucose, cholesterol, depression, and denture‐wearing were considered as confounders. Conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the adjusted association.ResultsNRLT was associated with increased CI after controlling for confounders (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [95% CFI]: 1.00–1.13). However, lost teeth were not associated with CI. Those with high NRLT (≥5) compared to those with low NRLT (≤4) was more likely to have CI by 2.7 times (OR = 2.74, 95% CFI = 1.28–5.86).ConclusionOur data showed that NRLT was independently associated with CI. Hence, rehabilitation of the lost teeth could be important for the maintenance of cognitive function.
State‐of‐the‐art multimodality approach to assist ablations in complex anatomies—From 3D printing to virtual reality
Authors: Knecht Sven , Brantner Philipp , Cattin Philippe , Tobler Daniel , Kühne Michael , Sticherling Christian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImaging of the heart anatomy plays an important role, especially in catheter ablation for the treatment of arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). We present a comprehensive overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art modalities available to plan and guide catheter ablation in an ACHD patient. In addition to the clinical assessment of the computed tomography and the integration of 3D reconstructions into the electroanatomical mapping system, 3D printing and virtual reality assessment showed its value in preprocedural planning of the intervention.
Removal of subcutaneous defibrillator shocking coils: Lessons to learn for future extraction of subcutaneous defibrillator systems
Authors: Nakhla Shady , Hussein Ayman A. , Brunner Michael P. , Wazni Oussama , Wilkoff Bruce L. , Tarakji Khaldoun G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundSubcutaneous shocking coils (SQC) have been used to lower defibrillation thresholds in certain patient populations. There are limited data regarding the extraction complexity of these leads. The goal of this study is to describe our SQC extraction experience and identify challenges that may be of importance with the increase in utilization and extraction of fully subcutaneous defibrillator systems.MethodsWe studied consecutive patients who underwent lead removal at our institution during which a Medtronic 6996SQ (Medtronic plc, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was removedResultsTwenty‐one patients (54.5 ± 14 years, 85.7% male) underwent procedures where at least one lead removed was a SQC. Mean ejection fraction was 27.7% and 11 patients had prior ventricular arrhythmia. Median SQC age was 177 days and the age of the oldest SQC removed was 3,041 days. Infection was the indication for removal in 14 patients. One removal was performed surgically and 20 were completed percutaneously. Three procedures required additional incisions beyond the device pocket and tie‐down sleeve to complete the SQC lead removal due to dense adhesions. One removal procedure required the use of a laser sheath to relieve fibrosis. Complications in this group did not appear related to SQC removal.ConclusionsDrawing from our SQC removal experience, there may be a need for additional incisions and extra tools to complete removal of older subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads.
Correlation between atrial fibrillation driver locations and complex fractionated atrial electrograms in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ammar‐Busch Sonia , Reents Tilko , Knecht Sebastien , Rostock Thomas , Arentz Thomas , Duytschaever Mattias , Neumann Thomas , Cauchemez Bruno , Albenque Jean‐Paul , Hessling Gabriele , Deisenhofer Isabel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate a spatial correlation between active atrial fibrillation (AF) drivers measured by electrocardiographic imaging and complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) in patients with persistent AF.MethodsSixteen patients with persistent AF were included. A biatrial geometry relative to an array of 252‐body‐surface‐electrodes was obtained from a noncontrast computed tomography scan. The reconstructed unipolar AF electrograms were signal‐processed (ECVUE™, CardioInsight Technologies Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA) to identify AF drivers. Before driver ablation, a biatrial mapping using the NavX system (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) was performed to identify CFAEs. CFAE and driver regions were then quantified and compared.ResultsAF was terminated by driver ablation in 11/16 (70%) patients. The mean number of ablated driver regions was 4 ± 1 per patient. The most frequent driver locations were the inferior left atrium and coronary sinus, the right pulmonary veins, and the right atrium. In 49/63 (78%) of the driver locations, more than 75% of the driver site showed CFAEs. The mean ablated driver area was 58 ± 24 cm2 (19 ± 11% of total surface area). The mean CFAE area was 178 ± 59 cm2 (49 ± 16%). The percentage of non‐ablated CFAE area was 76 ± 13% of total CFAEs. In 9/11 patients with AF termination, the termination site showed CFAEs.ConclusionsThere is a significant overlap between AF driver regions identified by the ECVUE™ system and CFAE areas identified by the NavX system. AF driver regions are smaller and mostly embedded in larger CFAE areas. Selective ablation of drivers in CFAE areas seems sufficient to terminate persistent AF in the majority of patients.
Electrocardiogram screening of deaf children for long QT syndrome: An Egyptian experience
Authors: Gouda Sherif , Saif Mohammed Q. , Shabana Mohammed , Salama Sameh , Eldamaty Ahmed 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundJervell and Lange‐Nielsen syndrome is an autosomal recessive form of long QT syndrome (LQTS), clinically manifested by long QT interval and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with the highest prevalence in Norway and Sweden. No data are available about the prevalence of such syndrome in Egypt.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess by electrocardiogram (ECG) the prevalence of LQTS among Egyptian children with SNHL.MethodsOne thousand and twelve patients, aged ≤ 10 years (mean age 5.8 ± 2.6), were included in this study, 578 male patients (57%) and 434 female patients (43%). A 12‐lead ECG was recorded for all patients and the corrected QT interval (QTc) was calculated by Bazett's formula. The probability of LQTS was evaluated by Schwartz criteria and laboratory investigations were done on all patients with long QT interval.ResultsIn the current study, the mean QTc interval was 411.7 ± 25.3 ms (range 343–675 ms). Twenty‐one patients (2.1 %) had probable LQTS; of these, 11 patients had intermediate probability (Schwartz score 1.5–3 points) and 10 patients had high probability (Schwartz score ≥ 3.5 points).ConclusionThis study shows that 2.1% of Egyptian children with SNHL in a tertiary care setting have LQTS.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: An unusual presentation of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a pediatric post–liver transplant patient
Authors: Jarchin Lauren , Chu Jaime , Januska Megan , Merola Pamela , Arnon Ronen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare condition characterized by immune dysfunction with uncontrolled activation of macrophages and hypersecretion of cytokines, has only been reported in a small number of pediatric patients following solid organ transplant (SOT). The diagnosis of HLH after SOT is especially difficult, as several of the diagnostic criteria, including fever, splenomegaly, and cytopenias, are nonspecific and can be seen with other post‐transplant complications. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has also been reported after pediatric SOT and is thought to be related to immunosuppression, specifically tacrolimus. Although HLH and AIHA have been separately described following SOT, there have been no reports of them occurring together in post–liver transplant (LT) patients. We report the first case of autoimmune hemolysis as the presenting symptom of HLH in a pediatric post‐LT patient.
The role of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in C4 photosynthesis
Authors: Schlüter U. , Bräutigam A. , Droz J.‐M. , Schwender J. , Weber A. P. M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Alanine and aspartate are essential transfer metabolites for C4 species of the NAD‐malic enzyme and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase subtype. To some degree both amino acids are also part of the metabolite shuttle in NADP‐malic enzyme plants. In comparison with C3 species, the majority of C4 species are therefore characterised by enhanced expression and activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (AT) in the photosynthetically active tissue. Both enzymes exist in multiple copies and have been found in different subcellular compartments. We tested whether different C4 species show preferential recruitment of enzymes from specific lineages and subcellular compartments.

Phylogenetic analysis of alanine and aspartate ATs from a variety of monocot and eudicot C4 species and their C3 relatives was combined with subcellular prediction tools and analysis of the subsequent transcript amounts in mature leaves.

Recruitment of aspartate AT from a specific subcellular compartment was strongly connected to the biochemical subtype. Deviation from the main model was however observed in Gynandropsis gynandra. The configuration of alanine AT generally differed in monocot and eudicot species. C4 monocots recruited an alanine AT from a specific cytosolic branch, but eudicots use alanine AT copies from a mitochondrial branch.

Generally, plants display high plasticity in the setup of the C4 pathway. Beside the common models for the different C4 subtypes, individual solutions were found for plant groups or lineages.
Breeding systems in Balsaminaceae in relation to pollen/ovule ratio, pollination syndromes, life history and climate zone
Authors: Lozada‐Gobilard S. , Weigend M. , Fischer E. , Janssens S. B. , Ackermann M. , Abrahamczyk S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Pollen/ovule (P/O) ratios are often used as proxy for breeding systems. Here, we investigate the relations between breeding systems and P/O ratios, pollination syndromes, life history and climate zone in Balsaminaceae.

We conducted controlled breeding system experiments (autonomous and active self‐pollination and outcrossing tests) for 65 Balsaminaceae species, analysed pollen grain and ovule numbers and evaluated the results in combination with data on pollination syndrome, life history and climate zone on a phylogenetic basis.

Based on fruit set, we assigned three breeding systems: autogamy, self‐compatibility and self‐incompatibility. Self‐pollination led to lower fruit set than outcrossing. We neither found significant P/O differences between breeding systems nor between pollination syndromes. However, the numbers of pollen grains and ovules per flower were significantly lower in autogamous species, but pollen grain and ovule numbers did not differ between most pollination syndromes. Finally, we found no relation between breeding system and climate zone, but a relation between climate zone and life history.

In Balsaminaceae reproductive traits can change under resource or pollinator limitation, leading to the evolution of autogamy, but are evolutionary rather constant and not under strong selection pressure by pollinator guild and geographic range changes. Colonisation of temperate regions, however, is correlated with transitions towards annual life history. Pollen/ovule‐ratios, commonly accepted as good indicators of breeding system, have a low predictive value in Balsaminaceae. In the absence of experimental data on breeding system, additional floral traits (overall pollen grain and ovule number, traits of floral morphology) may be used as proxies.
A non‐normative account of assertion
Authors: Black Dylan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany contemporary philosophers argue that assertion is governed by an epistemic norm. In particular, many defend the knowledge account of assertion, which says that one should assert only what one knows. Here, I defend a non‐normative alternative to the knowledge account that I call the repK account of assertion. According to the repK account, assertion represents knowledge, but it is not governed by a constitutive epistemic rule. I show that the repK account offers a more straightforward interpretation of the conversational patterns and intuitions that motivate the knowledge account. It does so in terms of ordinary normative principles that philosophers already accept, none of which are constitutive to assertion. I then contend that the repK account is preferable to the knowledge account because it is simpler, its implications are less contentious, and it avoids a problem for normative accounts of assertion recently raised by Peter Pagin. I also argue that the repK account offers a satisfying explanation of selfless assertion, a counterexample to the knowledge account posed by Jennifer Lackey.
Valuing the Benefits of Rock Climbing and the Welfare Gains from Decreasing Injury Risk
Authors: Nicita Lea , Shaw W. Douglass , Signorello Giovanni 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRock climbing is an increasingly popular recreation activity worldwide, nevertheless there are only few studies that estimate the demand for it. In this article the Kuhn–Tucker approach is used to estimate the demand for rock climbing in Sicily, the recreation value of different climbing sites, and the welfare impact of reducing injury risk. In modeling the demand for climbing we account for the heterogeneity of preferences. We find that decreasing the level of injury risk generates remarkable welfare gains to climbers. This is the first study we know of that provides a welfare measure of risk reduction in rock climbing and one of a very few studies in environmental economics that uses a revealed preference approach to estimate a welfare measure associated with a reduction in risk.
Neurobiological Mechanisms for Semantic Feature Extraction and Conceptual Flexibility
Authors: Pulvermüller Friedemann 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSigns and symbols relate to concepts and can be used to speak about objects, actions, and their features. Theories of semantic grounding address the question how the latter two, concepts and real‐world entities, come into play and interlink in symbol learning. Here, a neurobiological model is used to spell out concrete mechanisms of symbol grounding, which implicate the “association” of information about sign and referents and, at the same time, the extraction of semantic features and the formation of abstract representations best described as conjoined and disjoined feature sets that may or may not have a real‐life equivalent. The mechanistic semantic circuits carrying these feature sets are not static conceptual entries, but exhibit rich activation dynamics related to memory, prediction, and contextual modulation. Four key issues in specifying these activation dynamics will be highlighted: (a) the inner structure of semantic circuits, (b) mechanisms of semantic priming, (c) task specificity in semantic activation, and (d) context‐dependent semantic circuit activation in the processing of referential, existential, and universal statements. These linguistic‐semantic examples show that specific mechanisms are required to account for context‐dependent semantic function or conceptual “flexibility.” Static context‐independent concepts as such are insufficient to account for these different semantic functions. Whereas abstract amodal models of concepts did so far not spell out concrete mechanisms for context‐dependent semantic function, neuronal assembly mechanisms offer a workable perspective.