bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Potentials and Limitations of Using Temperature Tracing to Infer Water Flux through Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Clutter Melissa , Ferré Ty P.A. 
Published: June 2018

Core Ideas
Temperature‐based methods have been primarily restricted to saturated flow conditions.
There is a minimum water flux that can be monitored with temperature methods.
Temperature methods will be restricted to relatively high fluxes in coarse soils.
Irrigation agriculture is the primary consumer of water worldwide. Because groundwater resources are being depleted, there is an increasing need to measure subsurface flux to quantify consumptive use and return flow. This study used HYDRUS‐1D to simulate one‐dimensional vertical movement of water and heat. Temperature time series were analyzed for different materials, depths, and applied fluxes to understand the limitations of temperature methods for monitoring steady‐state water flux under unsaturated conditions. The conditions used in this analysis were intended to explore the minimum standards needed for unsaturated, steady‐state flux estimation. If these conditions cannot be met, then it is unnecessary to look at more challenging conditions (e.g., heterogeneity, transient flux, and unknown hydraulic and thermal properties). Previous work has suggested that there is a minimum flux that is measurable with temperature methods. The low saturated hydraulic conductivities of fine‐grained materials limit the applicability of temperature methods to high fluxes that lead to near‐saturated conditions for these materials. Although coarser soils have higher hydraulic conductivities, thermal diffusivity increases significantly with decreasing water content and may still complicate flux measurements for unsaturated conditions. As a result, we conclude that temperature‐based methods in unsaturated conditions will most likely fail even with the most simplifying assumptions for most soil types. Therefore temperature methods should be restricted to monitoring steady‐state fluxes in coarse soils and/or conditions near saturation.
Effective adsorption of nickel (II) with Ulva lactuca dried biomass: isotherms, kinetics and mechanisms
Authors: Long Jianyou , Huang Xiaona , Fan Xiaoli , Peng Yan , Xia Jianrong 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the Ni2+ ions adsorption capability of Ulva lactuca. The isotherms, kinetics and mechanisms for the adsorption of Ni2+ from aqueous solution by Ulva lactuca were also investigated. Influencing factors including initial pH, initial Ni2+ concentration, biomass, contact time were examined. The results indicate that the maximum Ni2+ adsorption capacity of 38.28 mg/g was obtained at pH 5, initial Ni2+ concentration 250 mg/L, biomass dosage 0.5 g/L and contact time 30 min. The adsorption can be well fitted with Langmuir isotherm, and the kinetics were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. The parameters of thermodynamics verified that Ni2+ adsorption on Ulva lactuca was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Analyses of FT-IR, SEM-EDS and XPS indicate that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the surface of biomass are involved in Ni2+ adsorption. The dried biomass of Ulva lactuca can be a cost-effective and eco-friendly adsorbent for the removal of Ni2+ from wastewater.
Study of Optimum Condition for Rapid Preparation of Thrombin using Russell’s Viper Venom Factor X Activator
Authors: Kijkriengkraikul Narin , Nuchprayoon Issarang 
Published: June 2018

Background:
The purpose of this study is to investigate a simple method with the optimum condition for rapid thrombin preparation from Cryoprecipitate-depleted Plasma (CDP) using RVV-X in the process.

Methods:
Thrombin preparation from human CDP was studied with the presence of different factors in batch condition including: 1) RVV-X; 2) volume of calcium chloride solution; 3) volume of sodium chloride solution for final extraction; and 4) incubation time. The properties of the prepared sample were analyzed for fibrin clot formation, total protein by Kjeldahl method, thrombin time, molecular weight and protein patterns by SDS-PAGE, and thrombin concentration by coagulation analyzer. The method and process of preparing thrombin and the study of optimum condition for rapidly preparing the highest yield of thrombin from starting CDP 100 ml were introduced.

Results:
The best four conditions were concluded: 1) RVV-X 50 mcg should be present in the process; 2) volume of 0.25 M calcium chloride should be 3 ml; 3) volume of 0.85% sodium chloride for the final protein precipitate extraction should be 10 ml and; 4) no incubation time needed for prothrombin activation process. A solution prepared from the optimum condition showed an obvious band on SDS-PAGE at a molecular weight about 36,000 Da which is our target protein thrombin. The prepared solution had a total protein content of 0.065 g/dl and gave satisfactory results of thrombin time (9 seconds) and fibrin clot formation. The test results of thrombin concentration between the method with and without incubation time were 269.4 and 295.2 IU/ml, respectively.

Conclusion:
This result showed that the method with RVV-X but without incubation time for prothrombin activation (optimum condition) gave the highest yield of thrombin.
Using Fair Value Earnings to Assess Firm Value
Authors: Barth Mary E. , Landsman Wayne R. 
Published: June 2018

SYNOPSIS
Whether fair value accounting should be used in financial reporting has been the subject of debate for many years. A key dimension to this debate is whether fair value earnings can provide information to financial statement users that is helpful in making their economic decisions. A criticism of fair value accounting is the contention that fair value earnings simply reflects “shocks” to value, and thus cannot be used to assess firm value. We show how fair value earnings can be disaggregated into components that can be used to assess firm value, as well as components that provide information about various types to shocks to value, e.g., effects of changes in expected cash flows.
Friends in Need Are Friends Indeed: An Analysis of Social Ties between Financial Analysts and Mutual Fund Managers
Authors: Gu Zhaoyang , Li Zengquan , Yang Yong George , Li Guangqing 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
We examine how hometown, school, and workplace ties between financial analysts and mutual fund managers affect their business decisions. We show that a fund manager is more likely to hold stocks covered by analysts with whom she is socially connected, and that she also makes higher profits from these holdings. Such social tie-related holding returns are higher among more opaque firms. In return, a fund manager tends to cast her star analyst votes in favor of her connected analysts, and her fund company is more likely to allocate trading commissions to her connected analysts' brokerages. Additional tests indicate that analysts more actively acquire information (through conducting corporate site visits) and issue more optimistically biased recommendations for stocks held by fund managers with whom they are connected. Overall, our results illustrate the pronounced influence of social networks on the behaviors of analysts and fund managers.
JEL Classifications: G10; G23; M40.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
The Joint Role of Auditors' and Auditees' Incentives and Disincentives in the Resolution of Detected Misstatements
Authors: Asare Stephen Kwaku , van Buuren Joost P. , Majoor Barbara 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARY
We investigate the joint role of auditors' and auditees' incentives and disincentives in the decision to waive detected economically important misstatements (EIM) using a proprietary dataset with longitudinal information from 850 audit engagements completed over the period 2005 to 2015 in The Netherlands. The empirical results show that auditors are more likely to waive EIM as their economic incentives (e.g., abnormally high audit fees, provision of non-audit services) increase. Auditors are also more likely to waive EIM as the auditee's incentives increase but less likely to waive as the auditee emplaces disincentives in the form of independent governance structures. Further, we find that the presence of an independent supervisory board dampened the effect of non-audit services on waiving EIM. Taken together, the results show that auditors' and auditees' incentives affect waiving decisions, which can potentially compromise both financial reporting reliability and audit quality.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M42; M48.
Estimating the Effect of a Fit-Focused Employee Selection Program
Authors: Liu Nai-Yng , Liu Shuen-Zen , Chu Hsuan-Lien 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Using empirical data from a Taiwanese realty company, this paper examines the effects of a fit-focused employee selection program in serving as a management control tool. Empirical results indicate that program-selected probationers show a higher level of goal congruence with the firm and better job performance than non-program-selected individuals. The results provide evidence that systematic selection may serve as a useful mechanism for finding better-fitting employees.
Hypoglycemia, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Death: The LEADER Experience
Authors: Zinman Bernard , Marso Steven P. , Christiansen Erik , Calanna Salvatore , Rasmussen Søren , Buse John B. ,   the LEADER Publication Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE
In the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results (LEADER) cardiovascular (CV) outcomes trial (NCT01179048), liraglutide significantly reduced the risk of CV events (by 13%) and hypoglycemia versus placebo. This post hoc analysis examines the associations between hypoglycemia and CV outcomes and death.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients with type 2 diabetes and high risk for CV disease (n = 9,340) were randomized 1:1 to liraglutide or placebo, both in addition to standard treatment, and followed for 3.5–5 years. The primary end point was time to first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) (1,302 first events recorded), and secondary end points included incidence of hypoglycemia. We used Cox regression to analyze time to first MACE, CV death, non-CV death, or all-cause death with hypoglycemia as a factor or time-dependent covariate.

RESULTS
A total of 267 patients experienced severe hypoglycemia (liraglutide n = 114, placebo n = 153; rate ratio 0.69; 95% CI 0.51, 0.93). These patients had longer diabetes duration, higher incidence of heart failure and kidney disease, and used insulin more frequently at baseline than those without severe hypoglycemia. In combined analysis (liraglutide and placebo), patients with severe hypoglycemia were more likely to experience MACE, CV death, and all-cause death, with higher risk shortly after hypoglycemia. The impact of liraglutide on risk of MACE was similar in patients with and without severe hypoglycemia (P-interaction = 0.90).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients experiencing severe hypoglycemia were at greater risk of CV events and death, particularly shortly after the hypoglycemic episode. While causality remains unclear, reducing hypoglycemia remains an important goal in diabetes management.
Analysis of consumer food purchase data used for outbreak investigations, a review
Authors: Møller Frederik T , Mølbak Kåre , Ethelberg Steen 
Published: June 2018

Background
Investigations of food-borne outbreaks are frequently unsuccessful and new investigation methods should be welcomed. Aim: Describe the use of consumer purchase datasets in outbreak investigations and consider methodological and practical difficulties. Methods: We reviewed published papers describing the use of consumer purchase datasets, where electronic data on the foods that case-patients had purchased before onset of symptoms were obtained and analysed as part of outbreak investigations. Results: For the period 2006–17, scientific articles were found describing 20 outbreak investigations. Most outbreaks involved salmonella or Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and were performed in eight different countries. The consumer purchase datasets were most frequently used to generate hypotheses about the outbreak vehicle where case-interviews had not been fruitful. Secondly, they were used to aid trace-back investigation, where a vehicle was already suspected. A number of methodological as well as (in some countries) legal and practical impediments exist. Conclusions: Several of the outbreaks were unlikely to have been solved without the use of consumer purchase datasets. The method is potentially powerful and with future improved access to big data purchase information, may become a widely applicable tool for outbreak investigations, enabling investigators to quickly find hypotheses and at the same time estimate odds ratios or relative risks hereof. We suggest using the term ‘consumer purchase data’ to refer to the approach in the future.
Metabolik Gıda İntoleransları
Authors: Akoğlu Aylin , Oruç Murat 
Published: June 2018

Gıda intoleransı, bir gıda maddesinin
vücutta sindirilememesinden veya emilememesinden ileri gelen, genellikle gıda
alerjisi ile karıştırılan ancak gıda alerjisine göre daha yaygın görülen bir
rahatsızlık türüdür. Gıda intoleransının neden olduğu semptomlar, gıda alerjisi
semptomlarına benzemekte, gastrointestinal, kutanöz ve solunum
hastalıklarını içermektedir. Ancak her iki rahatsızlık farklı mekanizmalarla
gerçekleştiğinden tedaviler farklılık göstermektedir. Gıda intoleransları
enzimatik, farmakolojik ve tanımlanamayan gıda intoleransları olmak üzere üçe
ayrılmaktadır. Enzimatik gıda intoleransı; besin
öğelerinin vücutta kullanılmasında görev alan enzimlerden birinin, genlerdeki
hata sebebiyle yeterli sentezlenemeyişi ya da hiç sentezlenememesinden dolayı
meydana gelen ve metabolik gıda intoleransı olarak adlandırılan bir
durumdur. Dünya genelinde gıda intoleransı tanısı konulmuş insan sayısının
oldukça fazla olması ve konu hakkında insanların yeterli bilgiye sahip olmayışı
konunun ne derece önemli olduğunun bir göstergesidir. Bu çalışma, metabolik
gıda intoleranslarından olan laktoz intoleransı, çölyak, fenilketonüri, galaktozemi,
früktoz intoleransı ve favizm hakkında genel bir bilgi vermek amacıyla
hazırlanmıştır.
A Whale of a Difference: Southern Right Whale Culture and the Tasman World's Living Terrain of Encounter
Authors: Jones Ryan Tucker 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article examines the cross-cultural histories that developed around the bay whale fisheries of the Tasman World (Australia and New Zealand) in the early nineteenth century. Using new insights about whale culture from marine biology and data gleaned from whaling logs, it posits that changing right whale cultures significantly influenced the ways that Aboriginals and Māori participated in the industry, and thus deeply shaped colonial histories there. This case study presents evidence that historians need to consider animal cultures as important parts of human histories and that doing so can provide unexpected answers to large historical questions.
Étude palynologique de la couche Marmottan dans le bassin de Carmaux (Tarn)
Authors: Doubinger Jeanne , Rauscher Raymond 
Published: June 2018

Une analyse palynologique par les méthodes habituelles a été effectuée sur des fractions successives de cinq prélèvements complets de la couche Marmottan. Ce procédé a permis d'y définir une suite ordonnée et constante de cinq associations sporologiques que caractérisent les différences de fréquence de trois formes dominantes : Lycospora, Densosporites et Florinites. Des variations latérales dans la composition palynologique ont également pu être relevées.
A partir de ces données et des quelques observations tendant à rattacher le matériel sporo-pollinique à des unités botaniques, il a été possible de reconstituer la flore-mère des spores et des pollens observés, d'y distinguer les végétaux palustres de ceux d'endroits exondés et d'interpréter ainsi les variations palynologiques, tant verticales qu'horizontales, par des différences de profondeur d'eau du marécage.
Aspects de l'évolution quaternaire de la vallée inférieure de la Bruche
Authors: Maire Gérard 
Published: June 2018

Следы четвертичной эволюции в нижней долине Брюши.
На западе от Страсбура в конусе предгорья Брюши, эта работа различает присутствие многоярусных террас. Автор пробует определить их возраст и восстановить при помощи изучения существующих разрезов ибуровых скважин геоморфоло гическую эволюцию этого района в четвертичную эпоху. Он подчеркивает возможность существования тектонических движений в недавнюю четвертичную эпоху. Автор лока¬ лизует несколько линий разрыва, он также анализирует положение настоящих рек по отношению к геоморфологическим элементам, которые были предварительно установлены и объясняет некоторые аномалии в этом вопросе.
Etude géochimique des eaux d'une nappe d'arène en pays cristallin (Korhogo, Côte-d'lvoire)
Authors: Tardy Yves 
Published: June 2018

Un petit bassin expérimental a fait l'objet d'une étude hydrogéologique et hydrologique poussée. La couverture d'altération du socle cristallin abrite une nappe qui a été atteinte par un grand nombre de puits et forages. Des analyses chimiques ont été faites sur deux séries de prélèvements d'eaux. Les coefficients de corrélation calculés entre les concentrations et les paramètres physiques du bassin permettent d'apprécier l'influence des facteurs comme la perméabilité, la distance parcourue par l'eau, l'épaisseur et la profondeur de la nappe, sur les teneurs des éléments analysés. Des corrélations ont également été établies entre les teneurs en éléments majeurs et les teneurs en éléments traces. On peut ainsi mesurer les similitudes de comportement des différents ions :
— les liaisons entre éléments alcalins et éléments alcalino-terreux pris 2 à 2 sont d'autant plus étroites qu'ils sont plus proches dans le tableau périodique des éléments ;
— les métaux de transition calquent leur comportement sur trois d'entre eux : Ti, Fe, Mn.
Notes préliminaires sur les minéraux argileux des altérations et des sols méditerranéens du Liban
Authors: Lamouroux Maurice , Paquet Hélène , Pinta Maurice , Millot Georges 
Published: June 2018

Предварительные сообщения о глинистых минералах Выветриваний в средиземноморских поцвах Ливана.
Б ыло осуществелено описание глинистых минералов в наиболее распространенных почвах и выветриваниях Ливана. Эволюционные анализы вдоль некоторых разрезов дополняют эти анализы-. На базальтах были обнаружены новообразования монтмориллонита и наверно каолинита. На материнских осадочных породах, которые более мнгочислены, глины почв являются наследниками материнских пород. Но разложения могут быть обнаружены главным образом в иллитах, которые между стратификациями переходят в монтмориллониты разложения. Вполне возможны новообразования монтмориллонитов в гидроморфных и вертических почвах, но это нужно еще доказать.
Étude du rabattement d'une nappe par l'application de l'équation de Theis
Authors: Guerrier René , Simler Louis , Suzanne Pierre 
Published: June 2018

Применение уравнения Теиса при исследовании понижения уровня
грунтовых вод.
Глубокая разработка открытого карьера в песчаниках Вогезов в Фрейминге (Мозель ; требует понижение уровня грунтовых вод, чтобы разрабатывать материалы вне воды.
Чтобы определить гидродинамическую характеристику водоносного горизонта были произведены опыты классической откачки.
Интерпретация измерений чтобы определить способность просачивания (Т) и коэффициента накопления (S), которые вычислялись на основании уравнения Теиса при параллельном использовании графического способа Венцеля и приблизительного способа Жакоба.
Полученные результаты позволили составить номограмму , которая дает развитие специфического понижения уровня грунтовых вод для одной точки каждой откачки как во времени , так и в пространстве . При помощи этой номограммы можно рассчитать пьезометрическую площадь для точной установки водоотливной откачки.
Présentation d'un profil paléoécologique du Grès à Voltzia (Buntsandstein supérieur) des Vosges
Authors: Gall Jean-Claude , Grauvogel Louis 
Published: June 2018

The authors have carried out the systematic investigation of a clay-bearing lense interbedded within the sandstone layers of the Lower Voltzia Sandstone. The sediment is made of a tiny alternation of sedimentary leafs (laminae), which show generally graded bedding. They derive from intermittent detrital deposits controlled by the fluctuation of weathering agents.
The sedimentological and paleontological features have been recorded for each lamina. The fauna includes Arthropods (Limules, Scorpions, Crustacea, Insects) and Fishes, while the flora is composed of Gymnosperms and Equisetum.
The concentration of aquatic fauna at the top of some laminae recalls to massive mortalities which occur in drying water ponds. On the other hand, the statistical study of the biological associations replacing each other from the bottom to the top of the profile indicates the progressive improverishment of a brackish like fauna on behalf of a palustric vegetation of Equisetum. This evolution seems to be achieved within a single year and is typical of lagoons occuring around actual deltas.
Etude géochimique de quelques calcaires éocènes de la partie nord-ouest du bassin de Transylvanie (Roumanie)
Authors: Imreh Joseph , Mihalka Stephan 
Published: June 2018

Геохимические исследования некоторых эоценовых известняков северо-западной части Трансильванского бассейна (Румыния)
Авторы излагают результаты химического, спекрального , рентгенографического и оптического изучения некоторых эоценовых известняков Трансильванского бассейна.
На изученной площади они выделяют два геохимических участка, которые различаются по вертикальному распределению стронция в пластах.
La magadiite, silicate sodique de néoformation des faciès évaporitiques du Kanem (littoral nord-est du lac Tchad)
Authors: Maglione Gilbert 
Published: June 2018

Des études de terrain et de laboratoire ont montré la présence de magadiite (NaSi₇ O₁₃ (OH)₃, 3H₂O) dans les sédiments argileux des dépressions interdunaires du Kanem (bordure septentrionale du lac Tchad). Ce silicate sodique a été mis en évidence dans les dépressions où se développe (ou a pu se développer) un milieu confiné carbonaté sodique par remontées capillaires à partir d'une nappe phréatique peu profonde. II se présente sous deux faciès, en lits interstratifiés et en nodules épars au sein d'une trame argileuse.
Trois mécanismes génétiques sont tour à tour envisagés. — 1. Précipitation chimique par évaporation des saumures alcalines des lacs interdunaires résiduels. 2. Précipitation chimique, après hydrolyse et remobilisation de la silice des lits diatomitiques du sédiment originel. — 3. Précipitation chimique de la silice dissoute dans la nappe par évaporation capillaire.
Ce dernier mécanisme, responsable de la mise en place des concrétions de magadiite, semble se poursuivre actuellement dans les dépressions exploitées en salines, dans lesquelles la nappe présente des concentrations en silice soluble allant jusqu'à 2 000 mg/1.
La faune de Mammifères du Lutétien de Bouxwiller (Bas-Rhin) et sa contribution à l'élaboration de l'échelle des zones biochronologiques de l'Eocène européen
Authors: Jaeger Jean-Jacques 
Published: June 2018

La faune de mammifères du gisement de Bouxwiller (Bas-Rhin), riche de trente-huit espèces, représente un repère fondamental dans l'histoire des faunes de mammifères de l'Eocène européen. Provenant de niveaux lacustres stratifiés, elle réunit toutes les conditions favorables pour sa désignation comme localité-type d'une nouvelle zone, la zone de Bouxwiller se substituant ainsi à l'ancienne zone d'Issel.
L'étude critique de l'ancienne échelle de zones, devenue possible grâce aux travaux les plus récents, a entraîné d'une part la suppression des zones d'Argenton et Issel, et d'autre part la mise en évidence de très importantes lacunes dans l'histoire des mammifères de cette époque.
La comparaison de cette faune avec les autres faunes éocènes de même que les corrélations actuellement possibles avec certains niveaux marins, ont permis d'attribuer à ce gisement un âge Lutétien moyen.