bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Novel Calpain Inhibitors in Transgenic Animal Model of Parkinson’s disease/dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Hassen Getaw Worku , Kesner Leo , Stracher Alfred , Shulman Abraham , Rockenstein Edward , Mante Michael , Adame Anthony , Overk Cassia , Rissman Robert A. , Masliah Eliezer 
Published: December 2018

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are neurodegenerative disorders of the aging population characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn). The mechanisms triggering α-syn toxicity are not completely understood, however, c-terminus truncation of α-syn by proteases such as calpain may have a role. Therefore, inhibition of calpain may be of value. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemically administered novel low molecular weight calpain inhibitors on α-syn pathology in a transgenic mouse model. For this purpose, non-tg and α-syn tg mice received the calpain inhibitors - Gabadur, Neurodur or a vehicle, twice a day for 30 days. Immunocytochemical analysis showed a 60% reduction in α-syn deposition using Gabadur and a 40% reduction using Neurodur with a concomitant reduction in c-terminus α-syn and improvements in neurodegeneration. Western blot analysis showed a 77% decrease in α-spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs) SBDPs with Gabadur and 63% reduction using Neurodur. There was a 65% reduction in the active calpain form with Gabadur and a 45% reduction with Neurodur. Moreover, treatment with calpain inhibitors improved activity performance of the α-syn tg mice. Taken together, this study suggests that calpain inhibition might be considered in the treatment of synucleinopathies.
Meta-analysis of Alzheimer’s disease on 9,751 samples from Norway and IGAP study identifies four risk loci
Authors: Witoelar Aree , Rongve Arvid , Almdahl Ina S. , Ulstein Ingun D. , Engvig Andreas , White Linda R. , Selbæk Geir , Stordal Eystein , Andersen Fred , Brækhus Anne , Saltvedt Ingvild , Engedal Knut , Hughes Timothy , Bergh Sverre , Bråthen Geir , Bogdanovic Nenad , Bettella Francesco , Wang Yunpeng , Athanasiu Lavinia , Bahrami Shahram , Le Hellard Stephanie , Giddaluru Sudheer , Dale Anders M. , Sando Sigrid B. , Steinberg Stacy , Stefansson Hreinn , Snaedal Jon , Desikan Rahul S. , Stefansson Kari , Aarsland Dag , Djurovic Srdjan , Fladby Tormod , Andreassen Ole A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA large fraction of genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is still not identified, limiting the understanding of AD pathology and study of therapeutic targets. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AD cases and controls of European descent from the multi-center DemGene network across Norway and two independent European cohorts. In a two-stage process, we first performed a meta-analysis using GWAS results from 2,893 AD cases and 6,858 cognitively normal controls from Norway and 25,580 cases and 48,466 controls from the International Genomics of Alzheimer’s Project (IGAP), denoted the discovery sample. Second, we selected the top hits (p < 1 × 10−6) from the discovery analysis for replication in an Icelandic cohort consisting of 5,341 cases and 110,008 controls. We identified a novel genomic region with genome-wide significant association with AD on chromosome 4 (combined analysis OR = 1.07, p = 2.48 x 10-8). This finding implicatedHS3ST1, a gene expressed throughout the brain particularly in the cerebellar cortex. In addition, we identifiedIGHV1-68in the discovery sample, previously not associated with AD. We also associatedUSP6NL/ECHDC3andBZRAP1-AS1to AD, confirming findings from a follow-up transethnic study. These new gene loci provide further evidence for AD as a polygenic disorder, and suggest new mechanistic pathways that warrant further investigation.
Prognostic significance of NEK2 in human solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xichen , Chen Kang , Liu Haipeng , Huang Zeping , Chen Xiao , Yin Lanning 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A consensus about the prognostic role of NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2) expression in various solid tumors has not been made yet. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the prognostic role of NEK2 expression in patients with solid tumors. The eligible studies were identified through searching PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. The hazard ratios (HRs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the link between NEK2 overexpression and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival (DFS/RFS) of patients with solid tumors. A total of 17 studies with 4897 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Among these studies, all of them explored the association between NEK2 expression and OS of patients with solid tumors. Our pooled analysis indicated that NEK2 overexpression was significantly related to adverse OS (HR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.38–2.00; P = 0.001). Additionally, there were six studies with 854 patients that investigated the association between NEK2 expression and DFS/RFS. Our pooled result indicated that there was a substantial relationship between NEK2 overexpression and poorer DFS/RFS (HR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.61–2.48; P = 0.003). In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicated that NEK2 may be a useful predictor of prognosis and an effective therapeutic target in solid tumors. Nevertheless, more high-quality studies are warranted to further support our conclusions because of several limitations in our meta-analysis.
Observability of hydrogen-rich exospheres in Earth-like exoplanets
Authors: dos Santos Leonardo A. , Bourrier Vincent , Ehrenreich David , Kameda Shingo 
Published: December 2018

Context. The existence of an extended neutral hydrogen exosphere around small planets can be used as evidence of the presence of water in their lower atmosphere, but, to date, such a feature has not been securely detected in rocky exoplanets. Planetary exospheres can be observed using transit spectroscopy of the Lyman-α line, which is limited mainly by interstellar medium absorption in the core of the line, and airglow contamination from the geocorona when using low-orbit space telescopes.
Aims. Our objective is to assess the detectability of the neutral hydrogen exosphere of an Earth-like planet transiting a nearby M dwarf using Lyman-α spectroscopy and provide the necessary strategies to inform future observations.
Methods. Our tests require spatial and velocity information of the neutral hydrogen particles in the upper atmosphere. The spatial distribution is provided by an empirical model of the geocorona, and we assume a velocity distribution based on radiative pressure as the main driver in shaping the exosphere. We compute the excess absorption in the stellar Lyman-α line while in transit, and use realistic estimates of the uncertainties involved in observations to determine the observability of the signal.
Results. We found that the signal in Lyman-α of the exosphere of an Earth-like exoplanet transiting M dwarfs with radii between 0.1 and 0.6 R⊙ produces an excess absorption between 50 and 600 ppm. The Lyman-α flux of stars decays exponentially with distance because of interstellar medium absorption, which is the main observability limitation. Other limits are related to the stellar radial velocity and instrumental setup.
Conclusions. The excess absorption in Lyman-α is observable using LUVOIR/LUMOS in M dwarfs up to a distance of ~15 pc. The analysis of noise-injected data suggests that it would be possible to detect the exosphere of an Earth-like planet transiting TRAPPIST-1 within 20 transits.
Muskuloskelettale Schmerzen im Tanz: Prävalenz, Lokalisationen und zeitlicher Verlauf bei Tänzerinnen mit Amateurstatus und ihren hauptberuflich tätigen Lehrkräften
Authors: Lampe Jasmin , Ohlendorf Daniela , Groneberg David A. , Borgetto Bernhard M. , Wanke Eileen M. 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Schmerzen treten im Sport sowohl als Folge akuter Verletzungen als auch in Form von chronischen Schmerzen durch Über- oder Fehlbelastungen auf. Sie kommen im Tanz häufig vor und stehen in Zusammenhang mit der hohen tanztechnisch bedingten, spezifischen Belastung des muskuloskelettalen Systems. Bisher fehlen Daten zu schmerzrelevanten Aspekten aus dem semiprofessionellen bzw. ambitionierten Breitensportbereich. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für die Tänzer als auch für die Tanz-vermittelnden (professionellen) Lehrkräfte. Ziel der Studie war es, Schmerzen bezüglich der Prävalenz, der Lokalisationen und des zeitlichen Verlaufs im nicht professionellen Tanzbereich bei weiblichen Tänzerinnen (T) und Tanzpädagoginnen (TP) zu eruieren.
Methoden Die quantitative Querschnittsbeobachtungsstudie mit deskriptivem Charakter erfolgte bei n = 153 semiprofessionellen Tänzerinnen und n = 149 professionellen Tanzpädagoginnen im Rahmen einer vollstrukturierten anonymen Online-Befragung.
Ergebnisse Jeweils über 70 % der Befragten gaben Schmerzen am Bewegungssystem im Kontext des Tanzens innerhalb der letzten 3 und 12 Monate an. Am häufigsten und stärksten waren jeweils der untere Rücken und die Kniegelenke betroffen. Im zeitlichen Verlauf zeigten sich sowohl bei den T als auch TP vorrangig über 6 Monate andauernde, häufig auftretende Schmerzen. Bei den TP waren die Schmerzen länger anhaltend, traten eher auch in Ruhe auf und waren eher in der Beweglichkeit und Belastbarkeit einschränkender als bei der Gruppe der T.
Diskussion In der Schmerzprävalenz sowie in den Schmerzlokalisationen sind die vorliegenden Ergebnisse sowohl bei den TP als auch T mit bisherigen Studienergebnissen aus dem professionellen Bereich vergleichbar. Gesundheitliche Risiken und damit verbundene (berufliche) Einschränkungen entstehen vor allem durch chronische Schmerzverläufe bei den TP. In der Gesundheitsversorgung von TP können daher die Behandlung und der Umgang mit chronischen Schmerzzuständen hinsichtlich der beruflichen Teilhabe dieser sehr bedeutsam sein.
Retrospektive Analyse von Risikofaktoren bei
Adeno-Tonsillektomie im Kindesalter
Authors: Knipping Stephan , Michaelis Franziska 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Tonsillektomie zählt zu den in Deutschland am häufigsten
durchgeführten Operationen, deren gefährlichste Komplikation vor allem für
Kinder die Nachblutung darstellt. Die Bestimmung von INR und PTT erfolgt meist
nur noch in Ausnahmefällen.
Material und Methoden In einer retrospektiven, pseudonymisierten
Untersuchung aus einem 4-Jahreszeitraum wurden die Daten von Kindern und
jugendlichen Patienten mit Eingriffen am Waldeyerschen Rachenring erfasst.
Hierbei sollten anhand des präoperativen Fragebogens zur Blutgerinnungsanamnese
sowie des laborchemischen Screenings Risikofaktoren für Nachblutungen sowie für
ein von-Willebrand-Syndrom (vWS) identifiziert werden.
Ergebnisse Es handelte sich um 171 männliche und 137 weibliche Patienten,
bei denen vom 1. bis zum 13. postoperativen Tag bei 43 Kindern (14 %)
Nachblutungen beobachtet wurden. Davon traten 4,2 % innerhalb von 24 Stunden und
10,4 % nach 24 Stunden auf. Ein signifikant höheres Risiko für Nachblutungen
hatten Kinder mit anamnestisch häufigem Nasenbluten. Eine signifikant höhere
Nachblutungsrate bestand bei präoperativ pathologischem Hämoglobinwert. Für
Kinder mit vWS konnte ein signifikant erhöhtes Nachblutungsrisiko, festgestellt
werden.
Schlussfolgerungen Bei Vorliegen einer auffälligen Familienanamnese sowie
der Zusatzfragen an die Mutter des Blutungsfragebogens konnte ein signifikant
erhöhtes Risiko für ein vWS nachgewiesen werden. Hier empfiehlt sich die
Bestimmung der PTT sowie der PFA-100 und eine weitere vWS-Stufendiagnostik
anzuschließen. Auffällige Werte in der präoperativen Routinediagnostik,
besonders der Hämoglobinwert, können hinweisgebend für ein erhöhtes
Nachblutungsrisiko sein. Eine bestmögliche Risikoabschätzung für Nachblutungen
sowie dem vWS erfolgt durch eine gezielte Anamnese mittels standardisiertem
Fragebogen in Kombination mit einer gezielten Labordiagnostik.
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Studies of Thiazolidinone and Azetidinone Derivatives from Indole Moiety
Authors: Saini Sachin ,   Archana
Published: December 2018

Abstract2-Amino-5-(3’-indolomethylene)-1, 3 , 4 - oxadiazole (3) undergoes facile condensation with various aromatic aldehydes to gave 2-substitiuted arylidenylamino-5-(3’- indolomethylene) – 1, 3 , 4 – oxadiazole (4–8). Cyclocondensation of (4–8) with thioglycolic acid and triethylamine yielded 3-[5’-(3”- indolomethylene)- 1’, 3’, 4’- oxadiazol-2’-yl]- 2- (substituted aryl)-4- thiazolidinones (9–13) and 1-[5’-(3”- indolomethylene) -1’, 3’, 4’- oxadiazol - 2’- yl ] -4-(substituted aryl) -2- azetidinones (14–18). The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of analytical and spectral data. The newly synthesised compounds were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity and acute toxicity.
Clinical Needs as a Starting Point for Different Strategies in Computational Drug Development
Authors: Portela César 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTraditionally, the first step in the development of drugs is the definition of the target, by choice of a biological structure involved in a disease or by recognition of a molecule with some degree of a biological activity that presents itself as druggable and endowed with therapeutic potential. The complexity of the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease and of the structures of the molecules involved creates several challenges in this drug discovery process. These difficulties also come from independent operation of the different parts involved in drug development, with little interaction between clinical practitioners, academic institutions and large pharmaceutical companies. Research in this area is purpose specific, performed by specialized researchers in each field, without major inputs from clinical practitioners on the relevance of such strategy for future therapies. Translational research can shift the way these relationships operate towards a process in which new therapies can be generated by linking experimental discoveries directly to unmet clinical needs. Computational chemistry methods provide valuable insights on experimental findings and pharmacological and pathophysiological mechanisms, allow the virtual construction of new possibilities for the synthesis of new molecular entities, and pave the way for informed cost-effective decisions on expensive research projects. This text focus on the current computational methods used in drug design, how they can be used in a translational research model that starts from clinical practice and research-based theorization by medical practitioners and moves to applied research in a computational chemistry setting, aiming the development of new drugs for clinical use.
Coronary Artery Disease as a Relevant Risk Factor in Screening of Abdominal Aortic Ectasia and Aneurysm
Authors: Koshty Ahmed , Bork Magdalena , Böning Andreas , Gündüz Dursun , Pleger Sebastian Paul 
Published: December 2018

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and abdominal aortic ectasia (AAE) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients in a multicenter setting to obtain significant data to establish an AAA screening program in our departments.
Methods Between January and September 2016, 500 patients with suspected or diagnosed CAD planned for coronary angiography or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) underwent a sonographic examination of the infrarenal abdominal aorta to diagnose AAA or AAE. We calculated the prevalence of AAA and AAE in patients diagnosed of CAD and investigated factors potentially associated with the occurrence of AAA.
Results The overall prevalence in all grades of CAD for AAE was 35.1% and for AAA 5.4%. In patients with three-vessel CAD, the prevalence of AAE was 34% and of AAA 6.8%. Significant correlation was found between the three-vessel CAD and AAA (p = 0.039). The logistic regression analysis showed significant correlation between AAA and age > 65 years (p = 0.05). The multivariate analysis of risk factors and CAD revealed significant correlations between one-vessel CAD and arterial hypertension (AH) (p = 0.004) and age > 65 years (p = 0.001) as well as between three-vessel CAD and AH (p = 0.01), peripheral artery disease (p = 0.01), and age > 65 years (p = 0.03).
Conclusion Our results confirm, that in comparison to other data, the prevalence of AAA in patients with CAD is high. Thus, it is recommended to include patients with CAD, especially elderly patients with three-vessel CAD, in future AAA screening programs.
Effects of Interictal Epileptiform Discharges on Cognition
Authors: Jennekens-Schinkel Aag , Meekes Joost 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInterictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are brief events (typically < 1 second, although some authors use a cutoff of up to 3 seconds) in the electroencephalogram (EEG), which are not accompanied by any overt change in behavior or consciousness. IEDs are associated with both chronic cognitive deficits and transient cognitive impairment (TCI). Higher IED load correlates with lower intelligence quotient (IQ) and poorer performance on tests of memory and executive function. TCI has mainly been observed during tasks that place high demands on attention, visuomotor speed, and working memory. There is evidence that IEDs may also directly interfere with episodic memory. Despite the evidence for associations between IEDs and cognitive dysfunction, there is currently scant evidence that IEDs, in fact, cause chronic cognitive deficit in humans. Although causality appears likely in the case of TCI, even here the conditions under which IEDs affect cognition are unclear. The evidence in favor of treating IEDs with medication is very limited. Attempts to treat IEDs should only be made when it is clear that cognitive impairment interferes with activities or participation. Such attempts require strong single-case designs and careful monitoring of both the EEG and cognitive function to establish the efficacy of treatment in individual patients.
Psychiatric Disorders in Children after Epilepsy Surgery: Acute, Subacute, and Chronic
Authors: Park Jun , Brooks Garrett 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPsychiatric illness is highly prevalent among children with epilepsy and most commonly manifests as attentional deficits, mood dysregulation, and social isolation. While epilepsy surgery is increasingly utilized for seizure control in children with medically refractory epilepsy, its consequences with regard to psychiatric outcomes are still somewhat obscure. Epilepsy surgery may influence psychiatric outcomes in myriad ways, including through improved seizure control, decreased reliance on antiepileptic drugs, and by altering the course of a child's neurodevelopmental trajectory. This review surveys the current literature to elucidate the complex interactions between epilepsy surgery and psychiatric outcomes and attempts to delineate the progression of psychiatric manifestations in surgical patients over time. When compared with medical treatment, epilepsy surgery yields better social and behavioral outcomes in the early postoperative period; however, it is not clear that surgery is superior when assessing long-term social and behavioral metrics. Additionally, epilepsy surgery has shown promise in improving long-term cognitive outcomes, but these effects may not become apparent until several years after surgery. Moreover, longer preoperative seizure duration tends to be associated with worse psychiatric outcomes. Finally, surgical patients may be particularly vulnerable to the deleterious psychiatric effects of ongoing seizures.
Islamic tourism: the role of culture and religiosity.
Authors: Jamal A. , El-Bassiouny N. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This chapter aims to provide insights into the consumer behaviour of Muslim tourists and their significance as a potential target segment within the context of Halal tourism. More specifically, the chapter intends to discuss the role of religious commitment and culture in impacting Muslim tourist decision-making processes within the Halal tourism sector. The chapter first presents a brief overview of the Halal tourism sector, highlighting the need to target Muslim consumers. This is followed by a section that discusses Muslim tourist travel motivations, particularly in the context of guidance provided by the holy Quran. The chapter then presents and evaluates a stimulus-response model that assesses the extent to which the Muslim tourist consumer responds to the marketing efforts by the Halal tourism industry, and in doing so presents a conceptual framework of the industry-customer interface. The subsequent section describes the role of culture and its dimensions, drawing from the literature in marketing and social psychology. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of recent research that discusses the interaction of religious commitment, cultural orientations and their potential implications for the Halal tourism industry.
Marketing approaches and problems of Islamic destinations.
Authors: Bılım Y. , Bıșkın F. , Kaynak İ. H. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to evaluate the marketing approaches and to identify any marketing problems of Islamic destinations. Using published literature, case studies and on-line sources, the chapter examines why tourism development has not progressed in most parts of the Islamic world, as well as the main problems of Islamic travel and tourism development, the common marketing approaches of Islamic destinations, the problems with marketing, and how to solve these problems.
Sufi tourism: the impact of Sufi heritage on Islamic religious tourism.
Authors: Elhadary T. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This chapter attempts to explore the Sufi heritage and its effect in promoting Islamic religious tourism. It presents the similarities between religious and Sufi tourism. Moreover, the chapter discusses how religious tourism embodies the essence of Sufism in its search for love, peace and knowledge. The city of Konya (Turkey) is presented as a Sufi destination.
Holy foods and religious tourism: Konya and Mevlevi cuisine.
Authors: Yİlmaz M. , Güneș E. , Sormaz Ü. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This chapter discusses the dishes of Konya (Turkey) that reflect the rich culinary culture that Mevlana Celâleddîn-i Rumi described in his book, including the food for special occasions and food used in sacred regional and indoctrination ceremonies. The study also attempts to answer the following questions: (i) How did Mevlevi cuisine influence the Konya food culture? (ii) Are there any sacred books that describe Konya's food culture? (iii) Why are foods and beverages sacred? (iv) How can the forgotten foods be reintroduced?
The halal tourism: a business model opportunity.
Authors: Biancone P. P. , Secinaro S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

By focusing on Halal tourism, which is rooted in the Islamic culture and religion, this chapter demonstrates that the way to discover the world is changing and ethical tourism is moving forward. The chapter highlights ways to promote ethical and Halal tourism in the context of non-Muslim regions/countries. A case study is presented of the Halal to Company project, a university spin-off group that has ambitions to develop Halal ethical tourism in Italy.