bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lecturers’ methods in teaching speaking at the university of Muhammadiyah Aceh
Authors: Netta Ayuna , Safura Siti 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This research aimed at investigating; 1) what methods were applied by lecturers in teaching speaking; and 2) how were the methods applied in the classroom. This study employed qualitative research and was descriptive in nature. The respondent of this study were two English lecturers who taught speaking subject at the University of Muhammadiyah Aceh. In collecting the data, the researcher used two kinds of instrument; observation and interview. The data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman technique which proposed three simultaneous flows of action: a) data reduction; b) data display; and c) verification/conclusion. The result shows that; 1) the most of the methods applied in teaching speaking were communicative language teaching and direct method; and 2) the implementing method in teaching speaking consisted of material presentation by the lecturer and classroom discussion.
Identification of Banana Quality (Musa paradisiaca Var. Sapientum L.) Through the Using of Coconut Shell Charcoal and Potassium Permanganat as Absorber
Authors: Sholihati  
Published: September 2019

Abstract
One of the most frequently encountered problems in handling bananas is the ease of it characteristic to decay so they cannot be stored longer. Thus a technology is needed to increase the shelf life of banana. The use an absorber from coconut shell charcoal which is applied with potassium permanganate is a method that can be used. In this study the effectiveness of the absorber was tested using gas chromatography. The results obtained show us that the ethylene concentration can be pushed by the addition the number of the absorber. The treatment carried out is by compare it at two temperatures. Where at a temperature of 13 0C, the ethylene concentration is about 102.78 ppm for an absorber of 10 g. At 20 g it is 95.13 ppm. At 30 g it is 64.23 ppm and at 40 g is 65.85 ppm. At a temperature of 28 0C in the 8th hour the ethylene concentration was 104.30 ppm for 10 g absorber. At 20 g, it is 101.12 ppm. At 30 g is 89.22 ppm. At 40 g, it is 64.20 ppm. Absorber treatment affects ethylene production, and slows the physical and chemical processes of Raja banana which is characterized by green colouruntil the end of storage time and retained hardness, high starch content, low sugar content and small amount weight loss. generally, the treatment of ethylene potassium absorbent material greatly influences the maturation effect, by suppressing ethylene production and maintains the green color, texture and aroma of Raja banana within 15 days at 28 0C and 45 days at 13 0C.
Physical characteristic of probiotic ice cream substituted by encapsulated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with variety of aging time
Authors: Muhardina V , Sari PM , Aisyah Y , Haryani S 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProbiotic ice cream is one of methods in improving benefit and functional value of common ice cream. This research studies about the effect of probiotic added in form of capsules and maturation (aging) time on the physical quality and sensory acceptability. The article presents data of overrun, melting time, viscosity, and panelists’ preferences in terms of probiotic ice cream characteristics. The data is calculated statistically by using ANOVA. The results show that aging time determines most of evaluated physical characteristics, while inserting probiotic capsules tends to affect overrun specifically. Combination between a moderate percentage of probiotic capsules and aging time, 5% and 18 hours respectively, generates good and preferred quality of probiotic ice cream in all evaluated characteristics.
Local Soybean (Glycine max (L)) Stomatas’ Morphological And Anatomic Response In 3rd Vegetation Stage Towards Light Intensity Sress
Authors: Miftahurrohmat A , Dewi F D , Sutarman  
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this research is to know the morphological and anatomic stomatas’s response of local soybean varieties in a 3rd vegetative stage towards light intensity stress. The experiments were arranged in a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the treatment consisting of: without shade and with shade of 50, 60, 70, and 80% which repeated three times. The results showed that light intensity affects stomata length, diameter, and number of stomatal. The use of 50% shade which produces a daily average light intensity of 18,360 lux shows the number, length, and diameter of stomata that are not different from the controls. This local soybean cultivation can be done in shade intensity 50-70%.
Calcium fortification of dried noodle substituted by jackfruit seed (Artocarpusheterophyllus) flour with broccoly (Brassica oleracea var.) pasta
Authors: Yulia Ruka , Yuslinaini  , Wildanawati  
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Dried noodle has became an alternative food that is cheap to be obtained and easy to be served. Dried noodles sold in market had been not enough balanced for healthbecause it is still lack of micronutrients. Fortification of dried noodles with broccoli pasta can enhance micronutrients, especially calcium. The proportion of wheat flour in making dried noodle also can be reduced by substituted with jackfruit seed flour which is still contain protein. This study aims to determine effect of ratio wheat flour:jackfruit seed flour (N) andbroccoli pasta concentration (B) on calcium, water content, water absorption capacity and evoluation sensory of dried noodles. The variables observed in this study were N1(95%-5%), N2 (85-15%), N3 (75%-25%) and B1 (10%), B2 (20%), (30%). From the results, the highest calcium contain was 816,50 mgat N1B3, the lowest water content was 8,39 % at N1B1, the highest water absorption capacity was 394.16% at N1B2. From analysis of variance of organoleptics test, both of variables(NB) had significant effect on taste, flavour and texture. While, it was only ratio wheat flour: jackfruit seed flour that was very significant effect on color of dried noodles.
Addition of Serbitol in Biodegradable Plastic Cateristics from Janeng
Authors: Amni Chairul , Ismet  , Aprilia Sri , Mariana  
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The manufacture of biodegradable plastic film has been carried out using starch janeng which functions as the main raw material, water that functions as a solvent, and serbitol which functions as a plasticizer. Janeng is chosen as a raw material for making plastic because in addition to being easy to obtain and low in price, its use is still very minimal when compared to other plants which are the staple food of the community, such as rice, corn, potatoes, wheat, and so on. This study aims to make plastic that can reduce the environmental impact by looking at the influence of the plasticizer used on the mechanical properties of the film, the absorption capacity of water, and the decomposition rate of the plastic.Theplasticizerusedissorbitolwith a weight concentration of 1 ml, 3 ml, and 6 ml of the total weight, and the weight ratio of sago starch and water is 1 g, 3 g, and 6 g. Testing of mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation) using Universal Testing Machines Electronic System, testing water absorption is done by immersing the film in water for 24 hours, and decomposition rate testing is done by burying the film into the ground. The results showed that the highest tensile strength values were obtained at a concentration of 3 ml of serbitol with a weight ratio of 3 g of starch with a yield of 3.2 kgf/cm 2, whereas the highest percentage of elongation was obtained at a concentration of 6 ml of serbitolwith a ratio of weight of 1 g of starch to yield 3, 9%. The lowest water absorption was obtained in the composition of 1 ml of serbitol with a weight ratio of 1 gram of starch, which was 2.7%, and the decomposition process occurred for 27 to 33 days.
Fabrication of New Thermoelectric Block Floor for Power generator
Authors: Inthachaia S. , Prapaporn W. , Singsoog K. , Seetawan T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This was the study and designing of the thermoelectric block floor for power generator that are normally used for footpaths, traffic islands, and gardening together with solar radiation heat. Physically, this thermoelectric block is an octagonal block with a size of 19.8 × 19.8 × 6 cm. The block was composed of two layers. The upper layer received the solar radiation and produced the thermoelectric module heat by synthesizing thermoelectric materials and creating 4 thermoelectric modules from Bi2Te3 for one composition set where an aluminum sheet was used for cooling. Additionally, the lower layer was exposed to the ground with low temperature to produce the usable electric power. The efficiency of this electric power was tested with the solar radiation heat of the thermoelectric block floor and by the Thai Industrial Standards (TIS) 827-2531: Interlocking Concrete Paving Blocks. After installing the thermoelectric block floor at the Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, it was found that the block was usable as defined by TIS 827-2531: Interlocking Concrete Paving Blocks; meanwhile, the test on the electric power of the thermoelectric block floor indicated that the maximum electric potential difference was 73.91 mV where the temperature difference was 6.2 K measured from the surface of the block. In addition, the maximum electric power was 88.25 mV where the solar radiation was 1124.5 W m-2. Notably, this electric power of the thermoelectric block floor was directly variable following the solar radiation value. However, if used for power generator or as an alternative energy for engineering activities, the thermoelectric block should be properly designed and developed to produce higher level of electric power and more of them should be created for both series circuit and parallel circuit.
Enhancement of Emission Intensity in Dy3+-Doped ZnO/ZnF2 Phosphoborate Glasses for W-LED Materials
Authors: Meejitpaisan P , Wongwan W , Kaewkhao J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Presently, white light emitting diodes (W-LEDs) were be used to substitute for conventional incandescent and fluorescent lamps due to their advantages; thus, it gets attention to create Dy3+-doped zinc phosphoborate glasses for enhancing better lightness. In this research, the replacing of ZnO by ZnF2 in 49B2O3:30P2O5:(20-x)ZnO:xZnF2:1Dy2O3 glasses, 0 ≤ × ≤ 20 mol% were prepared by melt quenching method and investigated through optical absorption and photoluminescence properties. The absorption results can be used for calculating the Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters (Ωλ, λ = 2, 4 and 6) and led to predicting the stimulated emission in present glasses. The trend of JO parameters is found to be Ω2 > Ω4 > Ω6 for all glasses. Nevertheless, replacing of ZnF2 does not affect position and intensity of optical absorption of Dy3+-doped glasses, whereas the observed blue (481 nm), yellow (573 nm) and red (662 and 752 nm) emission intensities of photoluminescence spectra rise with ZnF2 contents; the emission intensity at 573 nm for 20ZnF2 show the highest and was higher than 20ZnO around 1.6 times. The emission color of Dy3+-doped zinc phosphoborate glasses has been evaluated with CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. The results revealed that all glasses emit white light. Hence, these glasses may be suitable candidate for using in W-LED and lighting materials.
Structural, optical and electrical properties of (CdS)1-x (ZnTe)x solid solution thin films prepared by vacuum thermal evaporation method
Authors: Thueman D , Gaewdang T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The II-VI compounds and their solid solutions are promising source for various types of thin film devices such as thin film transistors, optoelectronic devices and solar cells. The formation of (CdS)1−x(ZnTe)x layer by interdiffusion of CdS and ZnTe during the fabrication of CdS/ZnTe heterojunction thin film was previous reported. This layer is thought to be important because it relieves strain at the CdS/ZnTe interface that would otherwise exist due to the excess 10 % lattice mismatch between the two materials. Therefore, it is essential to have a full understanding of the physical properties of (CdS)1−x(ZnTe)x alloy thin films. In this work, (CdS)1−x(ZnTe)x thin films in the entire composition range (0≤x≤1.0) were prepared by vacuum thermal evaporation on glass substrate using mixed powders of high purity of CdS and ZnTe compounds as the precursor. XRD revealed that the films exhibited a hexagonal structure with the preferred orientation of (002) plane when x ≤ 0.2. However, when x ≥ 0.8, they belonged to a cubic structure with the preferred orientation of (111) plane. For the composition 0.4 ≤ x ≤0.6, the hexagonal and cubic phases coexisted in the system and the films became less preferentially oriented. SEM and EDS were used to study the surface morphology and elemental composition of the samples. The crystallite size of the as-deposited films in the range 88–361 nm was observed by AFM image. The FTIR transmission spectra in the range 400−1,000 cm−1 revealed the characteristics of Cd-S and Zn-Te vibrational modes. Optical properties of the films were performed with UV-Vis spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 400−1,000 nm. The variation of direct energy gap with composition (x) was in good agreement with the quadratic form, giving an upward bowing parameter (b) of 1.23 eV. Electrical properties of the films were evaluated by resistivity and Hall effect measurements in the van der Pauw configuration. From transient photoconductivity measurement, the decay current data were better fitted with multiple exponential functions resulting in the several slow decay times. Density of trap states corresponding to its decay time was also evaluated from the decay current data.
Physical, optical and gamma-ray shielding properties of BaO- La2O3-B2O3 and BaO-Na2O-B2O3 glass systems at 662 keV
Authors: Siengsanoh K , Hongtong W , Chaiphaksa W , Limkitjaroenporn P , Kaewkhao J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this work, glasses with composition xBaO : 20La2O3: (80-x)B2O3 and xBaO : 20Na2O3: (80-x)B2O3 (where x= 15, 20,25 and 30 mol%) were prepared using melt-quenching method. Physical, optical and gamma-ray shielding properties were investigated and compared with theoretical calculations. 137Cs was used as γ-source for investigating experimental mass attenuation coefficient at 662 keV energy. The theoretical mass attenuation coefficient was calculated using WinXcom program. The density and the molar volume show increasing trend with increase in BaO concentration. Transmission spectra shows dissimilarity in their transmittance for BaO-Na2O-B2O3 and BaO-La2O3-B2O3 glasses. BaO-Na2O-B2O3 glasses show higher transmittance in the visible region than compared to BaO-La2O3-B2O3 glasses. Mass attenuation coefficients, Zeff show increasing trend whereas HVL at 662 keV show decreasing trend with increase in BaO concentration for these both these glasses. Theoretical and experimental mass attenuation results are in good agreement with each other. The synthesized glasses show potential use for radiation shielding material applications.
Improved Transparent Gas Sensor Properties of Cu-Doped SnO2 Films using O2 Plasma Treatment
Authors: Somjaijaroen N , Sakdanuphab R , Sakulkalavek A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cu-doped SnO2 films were deposited on glass slide substrate using an RF magnetron sputtering method. The effects of O2 partial pressures in the deposition process and post O2 plasma treatment were assessed for optical and sensing properties. O2 partial pressures from 2% to 10% were assessed. Post-plasma treatment used a 15 mL/min O2 flow, 450 °C annealing temperature and 30 min treatment time. Optical transmission spectra showed that the films deposited at higher O2 partial pressures had higher transparency and increased band gaps from 3.08 to 3.78 eV. After O2 plasma treatment, the films showed better than optical transmission. However, when the O2 partial pressure increased to 10%, the optical transmission declined slightly because the film had higher surface roughness, smaller crystals and fewer oxygens in the parent rutile tetragonal cells, enhanced the sensor response at room temperature.
Robust throttle control of Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Tripathi Sandeep Kr. , Shrivastava Ashish , Jana K. C. , Agrawal Amit , Rai Amit 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In recent past years, growing carbon emission caused by vehicle and scarcity of oil resources gives attention of all researchers to investigate low pollution, improved fuel economy type vehicle such as Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). In this paper nonlinear hybrid electric vehicle speed control using different control techniques has been employed to improve the efficiency of vehicle by throttle position control. The controller like Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), Artificial intelligence based fuzzy controller, robust controller (H∞) and their comparative performance analysis has been done on the basis of rise time, settling time, and zero steady error in MATLAB-Simulink.
Sentiment Extraction and Analysis using Machine Learning Tools-Survey
Authors: Shaik Amjan , Sekhar Dey Niladri , Purnachand K. , Babu Ch. Madhu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Sentiment search is clearly abstract cornerstone and essential administer in identifying user’s importance preferences. To get the quality of the product, position in evaluations is precondition. Normally, if item’s studys express constructive idea, the produce perhaps with bigger rating to some populous qualification. By analyzing the user considerations, their sentiments suggest unique experts to some target user in agreement the user culture. LDA is truly a Bayesian approach represented particularly to create the unification of studies, topics and discussions. In this paper, we have discussed about various machine learning tools and techniques for the better understanding of the concepts and efficient processing of sentiments from the huge data sets.
Review of various Artificial Intelligence Techniques and its applications
Authors: Varshney Shivi , Jigyasu Rajvardhan , Sharma Amandeep , Mathew Lini 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
With the upgrading needs of automation and prediction requirements in the industries, automation for improving the quality of the product and prediction of the product cycle to make product more economical. Now a days the use of artificial intelligence techniques becoming crucial to apply in the industries which makes the products more reliable, robust and economical. This paper deals and explains the different techniques of artificial intelligence. Also covers the review of the different applications of these techniques in the industries. This paper covers the review of Artificial intelligence techniques applied in the different fields like civil engineering, biomedical engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical and electronics engineering and many more.
Analysis and design of solar photovoltaic systems and its applications by using different MPPT techniques
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Shrivastava Ashish 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper a 40KW solar photovoltaic design is presented and displaying the output curve with different parameters i.e. temperatures and irradiations. The different MPPT techniques are used and make comparison among these techniques by using solar PV modeling to get better results using in matlab simulation tool boxes. This paper is useful for solar PV modeling and power electronics converter design. The perturb and observe and incremental conductance technique is compared to get maximum output voltage, current and power of photovoltaic array and using feedback PI controller to regulate the output of different power electronic converters i.e. buck-boost and cuk converters. The comparative analysis confirms the best method by studying the performance.
Grid Connected-Photovoltaic System (GC-PVS): Issues and Challenges
Authors: Pratap Singh Bhuwan , Kumar Goyal Sunil , Ahmed Siddiqui Shahbaz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Smart grid is the key technology for an effective utilization of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The utilization of RES for the generation of electricity is increasingly gaining interest of researchers during the last decades. The main reason behind this is global incentivization, the increasing price of petroleum products, climate issues and deregulations in the energy market. As the Government of India, (MNRE i.e. Ministry of New & Renewable Energy) is targeting to generate 20000 MW power through grid-connected solar PVS by the year 2022 therefore, the main focus in this paper has been presented on power generation through grid-connected PVS. The emerging smart grid technology has enabled the grid-connected PVS as an evolving process in today’s world for electrical power generation. However, apart from so many advantages, there are several issues and challenges associated with the integration of PVS to the electric utility grid hence, the investigation to find out available possible solutions to overcome these issues becomes essential in order to enhance the performance of grid-connected PVS. The most severe constraint associated with this emerging technology is it high penetration level. If during low load conditions there is some mismatch found between the real power output and the load profile characteristics of PVS then it may result into large reverse power flow, high power losses or severe voltage violation. In this paper, several issues and challenges associated with the integration of solar PVS with the electric utility grid are presented.
Design of Read Circuitry for Nonlinear Smart Sensors
Authors: Ananthi S , Chaudhary Himanshu , Singh Kulwant 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is comparative study, design and simulation of two stage, analog to digital convertor to convert the properly conditioned stepwise linearized analog output signal from a ratio metric NTC thermistor circuit. The design part consists of linearization of thermistor temperature- resistance characteristics in analog domain. A CMOS sample and hold circuit is used to bridge linearizing circuit in analog domain and the flash ADC circuit in digital domain. Ratio of the voltage is sensed rather than absolute voltage across the thermistor, as part of linearization. Further linearization is done in two stage flash ADC consisting of a reference voltage divider resistance, comparators, analog multiplexers and 8bit differential ADC. A graph is plotted between temperature and the corresponding resistance of NTC thermistor NTCLE100E10 [1], having a resistance of 10kΩ at 25°C. The graph is an exponential curve and it is linearized [2] around 50°C by drawing a curve between temperature and voltage ratio across a resistor connected in series to the thermistor. This curve is still nonlinear at extreme values of the considered range -20 °C to 100 °C. The full range is divided into four sub ranges and piecewise linearization is done simultaneously with analog to digital conversion. Analog and digital integrated circuits are generally low powered and the voltage limit is 5V. Thermistor is compatible in this range. A number of signal conditioning circuits are devised in the past. Here the linearizing steps involved in simple circuit elements and simple design. Signal conditioning of thermistor response has a number of design circuits already devised, still there is room for research to make it is small in size, low powered, high sensitivity and cost effective.