bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layperson's Esthetic Preference to the Presence or Absence of the Interdental Papillae in the Low Smile Line: A Web‐based Study
Authors: Hochman Mark N. , Chu Stephen J. , da Silva Bruno Pereira , Tarnow Dennis P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine the layperson's esthetic preference to the visual display (presence) or lack thereof (absence) of the interdental papillae during minimum smiling or the low smile line patient type.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred lay‐people were shown three‐paired smile images indicative of a low gingival smile line patient type in which the vermillion border of the maxillary lip covered the mid‐facial gingiva of the anterior teeth. The three images differed only with respect to [1] presence of interdental papillae, [2] absence of the interdental papilla (“black triangle”), or [3] absence of the interdental papillae (replaced with a long restorative contact area). The three images were paired in multiple groupings; group‐1 consisted of a comparison of the presence of interdental papillae vs the lack of the interdental papillae “black triangle,” group‐2 compared the long restorative contact compared to the presence of the interdental papillae and Group‐3 compared the long restorative contact replacing a missing papilla to the absence of the interdental papillae “black triangle.” The comparisons were designed to determine the subjective preference of lay individuals between these groupings.ResultsNinety‐eight percent of lay‐people demonstrated a preference to the presence of the interdental papillae in the smile (image 1) when compared to its absence (“black triangle”; image 2) with a low smile line. Seventy percent preferred the visual display of the interdental papillae, that is, pink tissues (image 1), compared to the absence of the interdental papillae replaced with a long contact area (image 3), that is, white restorative materials, when viewing a low gingival smile line. And when comparing the absence of the interdental papillae “black triangle” to a long contact area, 92% of lay‐people preferred a long contact area vs the absence of the interdental papillae with a “black triangle” with a low smile line.ConclusionsThe visual display [presence] of the interdental papillae, that is, pink tissues, is notably preferred to the absence of the interdental papillae when replaced by either a “black triangle” or long contact area in the commonly known low smile line. This emphasizes the need to assess the Interdental Smile Line (ie, visual display of interdental papillae during smiling) in all patients and the importance to preserve and/or re‐establishment of the interdental papillae, that is, pink tissues, even in patients with a low smile line.
Tools for promoting industrial symbiosis: A systematic review
Authors: Yeo Zhiquan , Masi Donato , Low Jonathan Sze Choong , Ng Yen Ting , Tan Puay Siew , Barnes Stuart 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIndustrial symbiosis (IS) employs a cross‐organizational perspective to seek synergistic pairings of one company's waste output to another company's input, enabled by interfirm cooperation through resource and information sharing. Orchestrating IS relationships among companies, however, remains a complex process. In the literature, a wide range of qualitative and quantitative tools have emerged, tackling issues ranging from identifying IS creation opportunities to performance evaluation. Thus far, the available literature has focused on separate aspects and perspective of IS creation. Each individual work contributes, in part, to the overall process of IS creation. The disparate perspectives provided by the literature reflect the fragmented nature of available tools supporting IS, which operate in isolation of each other. An encompassing view of tools supporting the process of IS creation is missing to date. Therefore, to fill this gap, this study aims to develop a more comprehensive description of the landscape of IS tools by analyzing the associated approaches, roles, and contribution of existing tools. Through this understanding, the insights gained can be used to aid future development and advancement of tools for IS practitioners.
Life cycle assessment of emerging technologies at the lab scale: The case of nanowire‐based solar cells
Authors: Pallas Georgios , Vijver Martina G. , Peijnenburg Willie J. G. M. , Guinée Jeroen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNanomaterials are expected to play an important role in the development of sustainable products. The use of nanomaterials in solar cells has the potential to increase their conversion efficiency. In this study, we performed a life cycle assessment (LCA) for an emerging nanowire‐based solar technology. Two lab‐scale manufacturing routes for the production of nanowire‐based solar cells have been compared—the direct growth of GaInP nanowires on silicon substrate and the growth of InP nanowires on native substrate, peel off, and transfer to silicon substrate. The analysis revealed critical raw materials and processes of the current lab‐scale manufacturing routes such as the use of trifluoromethane (CHF3), gold, and an InP wafer and a stamp, which are used and discarded. The environmental performance of the two production routes under different scenarios has been assessed. The scenarios include the use of an alternative process to reduce the gold requirements—electroplating instead of metallization, recovery of gold, and reuse of the InP wafer and the stamp. A number of suggestions, based on the LCA results—including minimization of the use of gold and further exploration for upscaling of the electroplating process, the increase in the lifetimes of the wafer and the stamp, and the use of fluorine‐free etching materials—have been communicated to the researchers in order to improve the environmental performance of the technology. Finally, the usefulness and limitations of lab‐scale LCA as a tool to guide the sustainable development of emerging technologies are discussed.
Release parameters during progressive degeneration of dopamine neurons in a mouse model reveal earlier impairment of spontaneous than forced behaviors
Authors: Chen Yuan‐Hao , Hsieh Tsung‐Hsun , Kuo Tung‐Tai , Kao Jen‐Hsin , Ma Kuo‐Hsing , Huang Eagle Yi‐Kung , Chou Yu‐Ching , Olson Lars , Hoffer Barry J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo determine the role of reduced dopaminergic transmission for declines of forced versus spontaneous behavior, we used a model of Parkinson's disease with progressive degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons, the MitoPark mouse. Mice were subjected to rotarod tests of motor coordination, and open field and cylinder tests for spontaneous locomotor activity and postural axial support. To measure DA release in dorsal striatum and the shell of Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), we used ex vivo fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry in 6‐ to 24‐week‐old mice. To determine decline of DA transporter function, we used 18FE‐PE2I positron emission tomography. We show here that fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry is a sensitive tool to detect evoked DA release dysfunction in MitoPark mice and that electrically evoked DA release is affected earlier in nigrostriatal than mesolimbic DA systems. DA reuptake was also affected more slowly in NAc shell. Positron emission tomography data showed DA uptake to be barely above detection levels in 16‐ and 20‐week‐old MitoPark mice. Rotarod performance was not impaired until mice were 16 weeks old, when evoked DA release in striatum had decreased to ≈ 40% of wild‐type levels. In contrast, impairment of open field locomotion and rearing began at 10 weeks, in parallel with the initial modest decline of evoked DA release. We conclude that forced behaviors, such as motivation not to fall, can be partially maintained even when DA release is severely compromised, whereas spontaneous behaviors are much more sensitive to impaired DA release, and that presumed secondary non‐dopaminergic system alterations do not markedly counteract or aggravate effects of severe impairment of DA release.Open Science BadgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Penetration study of oils and its formulations into the human hair using confocal microscopy
Authors: Srivastav Ashu , Dandekar Prajakta , Jain Ratnesh 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundLaser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) is a nondestructive method for observing the samples in three dimensions as well in their natural environment. Therefore, it is well suited for studying human hair. This investigation is focused on evaluating the comparative penetration ability of vegetable vs mineral oils and their formulations with excipient, in human hair.AimsLaser scanning confocal microscopy was employed to assess thin cross sections of human hair, treated with oils and their formulations, to comprehend their penetration capability and pattern.MethodsHair incubated with individual oils or their formulations were labeled with the fluorescent dye was cross‐sectioned into thin fragments and visualized under the LSCM.ResultsThe mineral oil demonstrated better penetration through the hair than the vegetable oils. Combination of these oils with excipient, in an appropriate ratio, had a substantial influence on oil penetration in terms of the depth of penetration.ConclusionsOur investigation proved the suitability of fluorescent‐based imaging for studying the penetration of oils across human hair. This method can be employed as a potential analytical tool to study the penetration of various hair‐care formulations and/or their additives, to estimate their effects on human hair.
Do Expectations of Divorce Predict Union Formation in the Transition to Adulthood?
Authors: Arocho Rachel 
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study describes the association between explicit expectations of divorce and subsequent first union formation during the transition to adulthood (ages 18–28).Background: Expectations for marriage in young adulthood predict union formation. Even before marrying, young adults may express a perceived risk of eventual divorce, and expectations of divorce may also have implications for union formation during the transition to adulthood.Method: Data from the 2005 to 2015 years of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Transition to Adulthood Supplement (n = 2,052) were used to estimate the association between expectations of divorce and entry into first premarital cohabitation and first marriage using discrete‐time logistic and multinomial logistic survival models.Results: As hypothesized, greater expectations for divorce predicted slower entrance into first marriage, even when controlling for expectations for marriage and various sociodemographic characteristics, and predicted a greater likelihood of both remaining single and being first observed cohabiting instead of marrying in young adulthood for both men and women.Conclusion: Despite desiring to marry, young adults may delay marriage if they are concerned about their risk of future divorce.
Combining Conventional Impressions and Intraoral Scans: A Technique for the Treatment of Complete Denture Patients with Flabby Tissue
Authors: Hong Seoung‐Jin , Lee Hyeonjong , Paek Janghyun , Pae Ahran , Kim Hyeong‐Seob , Kwon Kung‐Rock , Noh Kwantae 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe conventional method for impressions of flabby tissue uses modified trays and highly flowable materials, but mucostatic impressions are difficult to achieve due to the viscous and the elastic natures of impression materials. In this report, a technique is presented in which conventional impression and intraoral scanning for a fully edentulous patient with flabby tissue are combined. The definitive impression was obtained by applying appropriate pressure to each tissue area, and the denture can be maintained passively and stable at rest and during function.
Polishing Methods' Influence on Color Stability and Roughness of 2 Provisional Prosthodontic Materials
Authors: Soares Irenaldo André , Leite Priscilla Kelly Batista da Silva , Farias Ohana Rodrigues , Lemos George Azevedo , Batista André Ulisses Dantas , Montenegro Robinsom Viegas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the roughness and color change of a conventional acrylic resin and a bis‐acryl resin, submitted to different types of polishing and exposed to a staining solution.Materials and MethodsOne hundred specimens were manufactured from an autopolymerizing conventional acrylic resin (Duralay, shade 66) (n = 50) and a bis‐acryl resin (Protemp 4, shade A3) (n = 50) according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Specimens were subdivided into 10 groups (n = 10), according to the type of resin and polishing method, including no‐polishing (control groups for acrylic resin [tungsten bur finishing] and bis‐acryl resin [cotton and alcohol]), Enhance System, Edenta kit, Labordental kit, and sandpaper. The specimens were immersed in a staining solution (coffee at 60°C) for 7 days. Surface roughness was evaluated before the first immersion (baseline – Ra1) and after 7 days (Ra2). The color change (∆E) was determined after 24 hours (∆E1) and 7 days (∆E2), by CIE L* a* b* scale. Data were statistically analyzed with 3‐way ANOVA for repeated measures test and Tukey test (α = 0.05).ResultsAccording to 3‐way ANOVA test, material, polishing techniques, and polishing*material factors exhibited statistically significant influence (p < 0.0001) on the roughness, and, for color change, material, polishing techniques, time, polishing*material, and material*time factors were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The polishing techniques successfully reduced the surface roughness of acrylic resin groups, when compared to control (p < 0.001), but for bis‐acryl resin, results were not different from the control group (Enhance: p = 0.954, Edenta: p = 0.866, sandpaper: p = 0.366, Labordental: p = 0.945). Surface roughness was not affected by the immersion in staining solution for 7 days. Color change of acrylic resin groups after 24 hours and 7 days of immersion exhibited a clinically acceptable value (ΔE < 3.7) with the exception of the Enhance group, and all bis‐acryl resin groups exhibited a clinically unacceptable color change value (ΔE > 3.7) independent of polishing technique and time interval (∆E1 and ∆E2).ConclusionsRoughness of both materials was similar when the polishing techniques studied were performed, although Ra values were superior to the clinically acceptable values (0.20 µm), and were not affected by the immersion protocol studied; however, when esthetics are critical, the selection of material type is more important than the surface treatment technique used, and bis‐acryl resin was more susceptible to clinically unacceptable color change after immersion in a staining solution.
Beautiful city: Leisure amenities and urban growth
Authors: Carlino Gerald A. , Saiz Albert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractModern urban economic theory and policymakers are coming to see the provision of consumer‐leisure amenities as a way to attract population, especially the highly skilled and their employers. However, past studies have arguably only provided indirect evidence of the importance of leisure amenities for urban development. In this paper, we propose and validate the number of tourist trips and the number of crowdsourced picturesque locations as measures of consumer revealed preferences for local lifestyle amenities. Urban population growth in the 1990–2010 period was about 10% points (about one standard deviation) higher in a metro area that was perceived as twice more picturesque. This measure ties with low taxes as the most important predictor of urban population growth. “Beautiful cities” disproportionally attracted highly educated individuals and experienced faster housing price appreciation, especially in supply‐inelastic markets. In contrast to the generally declining trend of the American central city, neighborhoods that were close to central recreational districts have experienced economic growth, although at the cost of minority displacement.
Rapid eye movement fragmentation, not slow‐wave sleep, predicts neutral declarative memory consolidation in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Lipinska Gosia , Thomas Kevin G. F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience disruption at both slow‐wave sleep (SWS) and rapid‐eye movement (REM) sleep stages and demonstrate marked memory impairment. A small group of studies suggests that, within the disorder, there is a mechanistic relation between these sleep and memory impairments. This study sought to extend that literature by examining whether, in PTSD‐diagnosed individuals, memory‐retention deficits are present after a sleep‐filled (but not after a wake‐filled) delay (i.e., whether memory deficits can be traced to interruptions of sleep‐dependent memory consolidation). Moreover, we investigated whether SWS‐ or REM‐based disturbances, or both, contribute to retention deficits. We recruited participants into three groups: PTSD (n = 21), trauma‐exposed non‐PTSD (TE; n = 19) and healthy control (HC; n = 20). Using a crossover design, we assessed memory recall before and after an 8‐hr period of polysomnography‐monitored sleep and an 8‐hr period of regular waking activity. PTSD‐diagnosed participants retained less information than controls over the sleep‐filled (but not wake‐filled) delay. Furthermore, increased REM fragmentation predicted postsleep memory retention in PTSD‐diagnosed individuals only. No SWS parameter was associated with or predictive of the amount of information retained postsleep. We conclude that specific REM‐related changes in PTSD‐diagnosed individuals affected sleep‐dependent neutral declarative memory consolidation. Generally, these findings extend the literature suggesting that the co‐occurrence of sleep and memory difficulties in PTSD is not accidental, but that these two symptom clusters are meaningfully related. Specifically, the study illustrates that subtle REM‐related disruptions contribute most strongly to memory impairment in PTSD.
Can spectral power predict subjective sleep quality in healthy individuals?
Authors: Gabryelska Agata , Feige Bernd , Riemann Dieter , Spiegelhalder Kai , Johann Anna , Białasiewicz Piotr , Hertenstein Elisabeth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectral density and subjective sleep quality in healthy individuals. The sample was selected from the archival database of the Sleep Center at the Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, and consisted of 206 healthy adults aged 19–73 years (85 male, 121 female) who underwent a polysomnographic examination for two consecutive nights. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with spectral power variables of different frequency bands as dependent variables and subjective sleep quality, night number, age and gender as independent variables was statistically significant for subjective sleep quality, age and gender, but not for night number. In subsequent separate ANOVAs, higher subjective sleep quality was significantly related to decreased non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) stage 2 sigma 2 and rapid eye movement (REM) delta 1; however, the relation between REM delta 1 and sleep quality did not remain significant when REM duration was accounted for. The effect sizes of the correlations between sleep quality and spectral power were small (r = −0.1). In contrast to common assumptions, the amount of variance in subjective sleep quality that can be explained through EEG power spectral density variables is small. This finding indicates that subjective and objective sleep are different constructs, the interrelations of which are not yet well understood.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of conspecific movement explain a solitary carnivore's space use
Authors: Kanda C. Z. , Oliveira‐Santos L. G. R. , Morato R. G. , de Paula R. C. , Rampim L. E. , Sartorello L. , Haberfeld M. , Galetti M. , Cezar Ribeiro M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPatterns of space use by an individual emerge as a result of their movements, and their decisions of when and where to move are related to the distribution of resources needed for their survival and reproduction. Solitary species are characterized by limited social interaction with conspecifics, moving independently or maintaining a spatiotemporal avoidance of them, except during courtship or parental care. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of various factors on space use by jaguars (Panthera onca) in the Pantanal of Brazil. We used step selection functions (SSF) to evaluate the effect of the tendency to return to the home‐range center (HRC), habitat, time of day and distance to conspecifics on jaguars’ space use. Five jaguars with partially overlapping home ranges were simultaneously monitored using global positioning system collars. The results indicate that the main factors guiding individual movement are the spatiotemporal movements of conspecifics, differences in HRC between sexes, and the variations in habitat type throughout the day. Tracked females presented strong HRC, limiting their movements to the vicinity of their HRC, while the single tracked male did not. The habitat varies throughout the day, according to daily activities; forest and water bodies were selected all day long, but especially at night, when the species is more active and hunting. Tracked male and females selected areas that maximized the likelihood of encountering a female, but females avoided areas with a likelihood of encountering the single tracked male. Our findings allowed us to propose the solitary species’ space use, highlighting the relevance of including conspecifics as factors in the selection or avoidance of determined areas.
Hemobilia: Historical overview, clinical update, and current practices
Authors: Zhornitskiy Alex , Berry Rani , Han James Y. , Tabibian James H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHemobilia refers to macroscopic blood in the lumen of the biliary tree. It represents an uncommon, but important, cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and can have potentially lethal sequelae if not promptly recognized and treated. The earliest known reports of hemobilia date to the 17th century, but due to the relative rarity and challenges in diagnosis of hemobilia, it has historically not been well‐studied. Until recently, most cases of hemobilia were due to trauma, but the majority now occur as a sequela of invasive procedures involving the hepatopancreatobiliary system. A triad (Quincke's) of right upper quadrant pain, jaundice and overt gastrointestinal bleeding has been classically described in hemobilia, but it is present in only a minority of patients. Therefore, prompt diagnosis depends critically on a high index of suspicion based on a patient's clinical presentation and a history of recently undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary intervention or having other predisposing factors. Treatment of hemobilia depends on the suspected source and clinical severity and thus ranges from supportive medical care to urgent advanced endoscopic, interventional radiologic, or surgical intervention. In the present review, we provide a historical perspective, clinical update and overview of current trends and practices pertaining to hemobilia.