bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalising adherence-enhancing interventions using a smart inhaler in patients with COPD: an exploratory cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: van Boven Job F. M. , Cushen Breda , Sulaiman Imran , Greene Garrett , MacHale Elaine , Mokoka Matshediso C. , Doyle Frank , Reilly Richard B. , Bennett Kathleen , Costello Richard W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFour inhaler adherence clusters have been identified using the INCA audio device in COPD patients: (1) regular use/good technique, (2) regular use/frequent technique errors, (3) irregular use/good technique, and (4) irregular use/frequent technique errors. Their relationship with healthcare utilization and mortality was established, but the cost-effectiveness of adherence-enhancing interventions is unknown. In this exploratory study, we aimed to estimate the potential cost-effectiveness of reaching optimal adherence in the three suboptimal adherence clusters, i.e., a theoretical shift of clusters 2, 3, and 4 to cluster 1. Cost-effectiveness was estimated over a 5-year time horizon using the Irish healthcare payer perspective. We used a previously developed COPD health-economic model that was updated with INCA trial data and Irish national economic and epidemiological data. For each cluster, interventions would result in additional quality-adjusted life years gained at reasonable investment. Cost-effectiveness was most favorable in cluster 3, with possible cost savings of €845/annum/person.
Risk of weight gain for specific antipsychotic drugs: a meta-analysis
Authors: Spertus Jacob , Horvitz-Lennon Marcela , Abing Haley , Normand Sharon-Lise 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPeople with schizophrenia are at considerably higher risk of cardiometabolic morbidity than the general population. Second-generation antipsychotic drugs contribute to that risk partly through their weight gain effects, exacerbating an already high burden of disease. While standard ‘as-randomized’ analyses of clinical trials provide valuable information, they ignore adherence patterns across treatment arms, confounding estimates of realized treatment exposure on outcome. We assess the effect of specific second-generation antipsychotics on weight gain, defined as at least a 7% increase in weight from randomization, using a Bayesian hierarchical model network meta-analysis with individual patient level data. Our data consisted of 14 randomized clinical trials contributing 5923 subjects (mean age = 39 [SD = 12]) assessing various combinations of olanzapine (n = 533), paliperidone (n = 3482), risperidone (n = 540), and placebo (n = 1368). The median time from randomization to dropout or trial completion was 6 weeks (range: 0–60 weeks). The unadjusted probability of weight gain in the placebo group was 4.8% across trials. For each 10 g chlorpromazine equivalent dose increase in olanzapine, the odds of weight gain increased by 5 (95% credible interval: 1.4, 5.3); the effect of risperidone (odds ratio = 1.6 [0.25, 9.1]) was estimated with considerable uncertainty but no different from paliperidone (odds ratio = 1.3 [1.2, 1.5]).
Selection and evaluation of an efficient method for the recovery of viral nucleic acids from complex biologicals
Authors: Sathiamoorthy Sarmitha , Malott Rebecca J. , Gisonni-Lex Lucy , Ng Siemon H. S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere is a need for a broad and efficient testing strategy for the detection of both known and novel viral adventitious agents in vaccines and biologicals. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) is an approach for such testing; however, an optimized testing method is one with a sample-processing pipeline that can help detect any viral adventitious agent that may be present. In this study, 11 commercial methods were assessed for efficient extraction of nucleic acids from a panel of viruses. An extraction strategy with two parallel arms, consisting of both the Invitrogen PureLink™ Virus RNA/DNA kit for total nucleic acid extraction and the Wako DNA Extractor® kit with an RNase A digestion for enrichment of double-stranded nucleic acid, was selected as the strategy for the extraction of all viral nucleic acid types (ssRNA, dsRNA, and dsDNA). Downstream processes, such as double-strand DNA synthesis and whole-genome amplification (WGA), were also assessed for the retrieval of viral sequences. Double-stranded DNA synthesis yielded larger numbers of viral reads, whereas WGA exhibited a strong bias toward amplification of double-stranded DNA, including host cellular DNA. The final sample-processing strategy consisted of the dual extraction approach followed by double-stranded DNA synthesis, which yielded a viral population with increased detection of some viruses by 8600-fold. Here we describe an efficient extraction procedure to support viral adventitious agent detection in cell substrates used for biological products using HTS.
In-vivo topical mucosal delivery of a fluorescent deoxy-glucose delineates neoplasia from normal in a preclinical model of oral epithelial neoplasia
Authors: Pal Rahul , Villarreal Paula , Qiu Suimin , Vargas Gracie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetabolic imaging of oral cavity mucosal surfaces could benefit early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Fluorescent deoxy-glucose agents provide contrast for glucose metabolism similar to 18FDG-PET imaging and allow use of optical imaging, which provides high resolution and lower potential cost. However, in-vivo topical mucosal delivery of fluorescent deoxy-glucose agents without injection or tissue resection has not been shown. We introduce in-vivo optical imaging of neoplasia following mucosal delivery of 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-D-glucose (2-NBDG) in an OSCC/OED hamster model and demonstrate uptake into epithelium across the mucosal surface without injection or disrupting the epithelium. 2-NBDG fluorescence intensity following 30-minutes topical application was 6-fold and 4-fold higher in OSCC and OED, respectively, compared to normal mucosa. Receiver operator characteristic analysis show 83% sensitivity and 73% specificity for detection of neoplasia vs benign (normal and inflammation). Faster 2-NBDG fluorescence temporal decay in neoplasia indicated higher uptake and glucose metabolic rate than normal mucosa. Mucosal delivery of 2-NBDG by topical application to the in-vivo oral surface is feasible and delineates neoplasia from normal mucosa, providing in-vivo noninvasive molecular imaging of dysregulated glucose metabolism, which could benefit preclinical studies of carcinogenesis or be developed for use in early detection.
Development and Validation of Nomogram to Predict Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated Invasively
Authors: Zhou Xuejun , Sun Zhiqin , Zhuang Yi , Jiang Jianguang , Liu Nan , Zang Xuan , Chen Xin , Li Haiyan , Cao Haitao , Sun Ling , Wang Qingjie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo identify patients who are likely to develop contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a nomogram was developed in AMI patients. Totally 920 patients with AMI were enrolled in our study. The discrimination and calibration of the model were validated. External validations were also carried out in a cohort of 386 AMI patients. Our results showed in the 920 eligible AMI patients, 114 patients (21.3%) developed CI-AKI in the derivation group (n = 534), while in the validation set (n = 386), 50 patients (13%) developed CI-AKI. CI-AKI model included the following six predictors: hemoglobin, contrast volume >100 ml, hypotension before procedure, eGFR, log BNP, and age. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.775 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.732–0.819) in the derivation group and 0.715 (95% CI: 0.631–0.799) in the validation group. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test has a p value of 0.557, which confirms the model’s goodness of fit. The AUC of the Mehran risk score was 0.556 (95% CI: 0.498–0.615) in the derivation group. The validated nomogram provided a useful predictive value for CI-AKI in patients with AMI.
Automated detection and manipulation of sleep in C. elegans reveals depolarization of a sleep-active neuron during mechanical stimulation-induced sleep deprivation
Authors: Spies Jan , Bringmann Henrik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAcross species, sleep is characterized by a complex architecture. Sleep deprivation is a classic method to study the consequences of sleep loss, which include alterations in the activity of sleep circuits and detrimental consequences on well being. Automating the observation and manipulation of sleep is advantageous to study its regulation and functions. Caenorhabditis elegans shows sleep behavior similar to other animals that have a nervous system. However, a method for real-time automatic sleep detection that allows sleep-specific manipulations has not been established for this model animal. Also, our understanding of how sleep deprivation affects sleep neurons in this system is incomplete. Here we describe a system for real-time automatic sleep detection of C. elegans grown in microfluidic devices based on a frame-subtraction algorithm using a dynamic threshold. As proof of principle for this setup, we used automated mechanical stimulation to perturb sleep behavior and followed the activity of the sleep-active RIS neuron. We show that our system can automatically detect sleep bouts and deprive worms of sleep. We found that mechanical stimulation generally leads to the activation of the sleep-active RIS neuron, and this stimulation-induced RIS depolarization is most prominent during sleep deprivation.
Identification of CTA-Based Predictive Findings for Temporary and Permanent Neurological Dysfunction after Repair in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Zhao Hongliang , Wen Didi , Duan Weixun , An Rui , Li Jian , Zheng Minwen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine CT risk findings predictive of temporary neurological dysfunction (TND) and permanent neurological dysfunction (PND) after surgical repair for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). A total of 255 patients (41 ± 16 years, 79% male) with ATAAD underwent aortic CT angiography (CTA) and surgical repair consecutively from January 2013 to June 2016. The CTA findings of the 255 patients for the thoracic aorta and carotid artery were analysed to identify risk factors predictive of TND and PND. Thirty-eight patients (15%) suffered TND, and 18 (7%) exhibited PND. Common carotid artery (CCA) dissection (OR = 4.63), lower enhancement of unilateral ICA (OR = 3.02) and aortic arch tears (OR = 2.83) were predictors of postoperative TND, while PND was best predicted by retrograde ascending aorta (aAO) dissection (OR = 5.62) and aortic arch tears (OR = 6.74). In CCA dissection, the extent of the entire CCA and proximal ICA (P = 0.014), a low-enhancement false lumen with re-entry (P = 0.000) and a severely narrowed true lumen without re-entry (P = 0.005) significantly increased the risk of postoperative TND. In patients with ATAAD, specific CT findings allow the individual risk of postoperative TND and PND to be identified and may guide subsequent surgical management.
Imperceptible electrooculography graphene sensor system for human–robot interface
Authors: Ameri Shideh Kabiri , Kim Myungsoo , Kuang Irene Agnes , Perera Withanage K. , Alshiekh Mohammed , Jeong Hyoyoung , Topcu Ufuk , Akinwande Deji , Lu Nanshu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElectrooculography (EOG) is a method to record the electrical potential between the cornea and the retina of human eyes. Despite many applications of EOG in both research and medical diagnosis for many decades, state-of-the-art EOG sensors are still bulky, stiff, and uncomfortable to wear. Since EOG has to be measured around the eye, a prominent area for appearance with delicate skin, mechanically and optically imperceptible EOG sensors are highly desirable. Here, we report an imperceptible EOG sensor system based on noninvasive graphene electronic tattoos (GET), which are ultrathin, ultrasoft, transparent, and breathable. The GET EOG sensors can be easily laminated around the eyes without using any adhesives and they impose no constraint on blinking or facial expressions. High-precision EOG with an angular resolution of 4° of eye movement can be recorded by the GET EOG and eye movement can be accurately interpreted. Imperceptible GET EOG sensors have been successfully applied for human–robot interface (HRI). To demonstrate the functionality of GET EOG sensors for HRI, we connected GET EOG sensors to a wireless transmitter attached to the collar such that we can use eyeball movements to wirelessly control a quadcopter in real time.
Optimized reconstitution of membrane proteins into synthetic membranes
Authors: Goers Roland , Thoma Johannes , Ritzmann Noah , Di Silvestro Alfredo , Alter Claudio , Gunkel-Grabole Gesine , Fotiadis Dimitrios , Müller Daniel J. , Meier Wolfgang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLight-driven proton pumps, such as proteorhodopsin, have been proposed as an energy source in the field of synthetic biology. Energy is required to power biochemical reactions within artificially created reaction compartments like proto- or nanocells, which are typically based on either lipid or polymer membranes. The insertion of membrane proteins into these membranes is delicate and quantitative studies comparing these two systems are needed. Here we present a detailed analysis of the formation of proteoliposomes and proteopolymersomes and the requirements for a successful reconstitution of the membrane protein proteorhodopsin. To this end, we apply design of experiments to provide a mathematical framework for the reconstitution process. Mathematical optimization identifies suitable reconstitution conditions for lipid and polymer membranes and the obtained data fits well to the predictions. Altogether, our approach provides experimental and modeling evidence for different reconstitution mechanisms depending on the membrane type which resulted in a surprisingly similar performance.
Vocal Fold Vibration in Older Adults With and Without Age-Related Dysphonia
Authors: Samlan Robin A. , Kunduk Melda , Ikuma Takeshi , Black Mindy , Lane Christianne 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which 7 measures of glottal area timing and regularity differ between older adults with and without age-related dysphonia (ARD).MethodLaryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy was completed at 4,000 frames per second for 42 adults aged 70 years and older (ARD: 9 female, 5 male; control group: 15 female, 13 male). Relative glottal gap, open quotient, speed index, maximum area declination rate, harmonics-to-noise ratio, harmonic richness factor, and standard deviation of fundamental frequency were measured from a 0.5-s segment of the glottal area waveform. Eta squared (η2) was computed to estimate group effect.ResultsSmall effect sizes (η2= .18–.35) were present for relative glottal gap, open quotient, maximum area declination rate, harmonic richness factor, and standard deviation of fundamental frequency. Speed index and glottal harmonics-to-noise ratio did not explain group membership (η2= .001 and .05, respectively).ConclusionThese findings provide evidence that vocal fold vibration in ARD is different than in normal aging, whereas the overlap in values for every measure is consistent with the concept that normal aging and ARD exist as a continuum of health and disease.
Effects of Interventions That Include Aided Augmentative and Alternative Communication Input on the Communication of Individuals With Complex Communication Needs: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: O'Neill Tara , Light Janice , Pope Lauramarie 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions that included aided AAC input (e.g., aided AAC modeling, aided language modeling, aided language stimulation, augmented input) on communicative outcomes (both comprehension and expression) for individuals with developmental disabilities who use AAC.

Method
A systematic search resulted in the identification of 26 single-case experimental designs (88 participants) and 2 group experimental designs (103 participants). Studies were coded in terms of participants, intervention characteristics, dependent variables, outcomes, and quality of evidence.

Results
AAC interventions that included aided AAC input in isolation, or as part of a multicomponent intervention, were found to be highly effective across participants of various ages, disabilities, and language skills. The interventions typically included aided AAC input in conjunction with expectant delay, direct prompting (e.g., spoken, gestural), contingent responding, and open-ended questions. The interventions were found to be highly effective in supporting both comprehension and expression across the domains of pragmatics, semantics, and morphosyntax. Outcomes related to expression were reported more often than outcomes related to comprehension.

Conclusion
Aided AAC input may reduce input–output asymmetry and enhance expression and comprehension for individuals who use AAC; the evidence suggests that partners should utilize this strategy. Future research is needed to investigate the effects of AAC input (aided and unaided) on long-term language development for individuals who require AAC.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6394364
Transfer of Learning: What Does It Tell Us About Speech Production Units?
Authors: Caudrelier Tiphaine , Schwartz Jean-Luc , Perrier Pascal , Gerber Silvain , Rochet-Capellan Amélie 
Published: June 2018

PurposeWords, syllables, and phonemes have each been regarded as basic encoding units of speech production in various psycholinguistic models. The present article investigates the role of each unit in the interface with speech articulation, using a paradigm from motor control research.MethodSeventy-six native speakers of French were trained to change their production of /be/ in response to an auditory feedback perturbation (auditory–motor learning). We then assessed the magnitude of learning transfer from /be/ to the syllables in 2 pseudowords (/bepe/ and /pebe/) and 1 real word (/bebe/) as well as the aftereffect on the same utterance (/be/) with a between-subjects design. This made it possible to contrast the amplitude of transfer at the levels of the utterance, the syllable, and the phoneme, depending on the position in the word. Linear mixed models allowed us to study the amplitude as well as the dynamics of the transfer and the aftereffect over trials.ResultsTransfer from the training utterance /be/ was observed for all vowels of the test utterances but was larger to the syllable /be/ than to the syllable /pe/ at word-initial position and larger to the 1st syllable than to the 2nd syllable in the utterance.ConclusionsOur study suggests that words, syllables, and phonemes may all contribute to the definition of speech motor commands. In addition, the observation of a serial order effect raises new questions related to the connection between psycholinguistic models and speech motor control approaches.
Non-damping oscillations at flaring loops
Authors: Li D. , Yuan D. , Su Y. N. , Zhang Q. M. , Su W. , Ning Z. J. 
Published: June 2018

Context. Quasi-periodic oscillations are usually detected as spatial displacements of coronal loops in imaging observations or as periodic shifts of line properties (i.e., Doppler velocity, line width and intensity) in spectroscopic observations. They are often applied for remote diagnostics of magnetic fields and plasma properties on the Sun.
Aims. We combine the imaging and spectroscopic measurements of available space missions, and investigate the properties of non-damping oscillations at flaring loops.
Methods. We used the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) to measure the spectrum over a narrow slit. The double-component Gaussian fitting method was used to extract the line profile of Fe XXI 1354.08 Å at the “O I” spectral window. The quasi-periodicity of loop oscillations were identified in the Fourier and wavelet spectra.
Results. A periodicity at about 40 s is detected in the line properties of Fe XXI 1354.08 Å, hard X-ray emissions in GOES 1−8 Å derivative, and Fermi 26−50 keV. The Doppler velocity and line width oscillate in phase, while a phase shift of about π/2 is detected between the Doppler velocity and peak intensity. The amplitudes of Doppler velocity and line width oscillation are about 2.2 km s−1 and 1.9 km s−1, respectively, while peak intensity oscillates with amplitude at about 3.6% of the background emission. Meanwhile, a quasi-period of about 155 s is identified in the Doppler velocity and peak intensity of the Fe XXI 1354.08 Å line emission, and AIA 131 Å intensity.
Conclusions. The oscillations at about 40 s are not damped significantly during the observation; this might be linked to the global kink modes of flaring loops. The periodicity at about 155 s is most likely a signature of recurring downflows after chromospheric evaporation along flaring loops. The magnetic field strengths of the flaring loops are estimated to be about 120−170 G using the magnetohydrodynamic seismology diagnostics, which are consistent with the magnetic field modeling results using the flux rope insertion method.
Separation of a Plasminogen Activator from Plasminogen or Plasmin in Guinea-Pig Serum by Means of Cationic Agents
Authors: Olesen E. S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe fibrinolytic activity of the precipitates produced in guinea-pig serum by means of the cationic detergent cetyl pyridinium chloride (germidin®) or by protamine sulphate depends on pH and on the concentration of NaCl during precipitation.By selecting appropriate conditions it is possible to prepare precipitates with considerable fibrinolytic activity on normal fibrin, but without any demonstrable protease activity on heated fibrin. The experimental data indicate that this result is caused by separation of an activator of plasminogen from plasmin and/or plasminogen. This concept implies that the activator and the protease are separate entities.
Absence of Blood Clotting Substances from Synovial Fluid
Authors: Cho M. H , Neuhaus O. W 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAnalyses were performed on normal bovine synovial fluid for prothrombin, fibrinogen, Ac-globulin (factor V), autoprothrombin I (factor VII), tissue thromboplastin, and antithrombin. None of these active substances in blood clotting was found. The absence of these proteins, especially prothrombin (MW of 62 700), may be on the basis of selective permeability of the capillaries of the synovial membrane to certain plasma proteins.
The Formation of the Extrinsic Prothrombin Activator
Authors: Straub W , Duckert F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe formation of the extrinsic activator of prothrombin conversion is investigated. We use the term “extrinsic activator” to avoid ambiguity which could arise when employing the name tissue thromboplastin.The experiments are carried out with purified clotting factors and congenital factor VII and X-deficient sera. Two steps can be distinguished. First, tissue factor and factor X react together as substrates in presence of Ca ions to form the extrinsic reaction product. The reaction is catalyzed enzymatically by factor VII. In the second stage, the reaction product and factor V (substrate) form the extrinsic activator which in turn can convert the prothrombin to thrombin.