bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topographic and Faults Control of Hydrothermal Circulation Along Dormant Faults in an Orogen
Authors: Taillefer Audrey , Guillou‐Frottier Laurent , Soliva Roger , Magri Fabien , Lopez Simon , Courrioux Gabriel , Millot Romain , Ladouche Bernard , Le Goff Elisabeth 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHydrothermal systems involving dormant faults within orogenic belts are rarely targeted for geothermal exploration, partly because of the complexity of the 3‐D topography, the unknown permeability of the fault zones and the basement lithology, and the lack of deep‐level data. This study brings together various types of surface information (spring features, geological data, topography, and hydrochemistry) to explain the alignment of 29 hot springs (29–73 °C) along the dormant Têt fault (Eastern Pyrénées, France). Water ion concentrations, stable water isotopes, and lithium isotopic ratios indicate that (i) fluids originating from meteoric water infiltrate above an altitude of 2,000 m, (ii) the rocks interacting with the fluids are similar for all the springs, and (iii) the maximum fluid temperatures at depth show similar variations along the fault and at the surface. A 3‐D numerical model of the system, assembled from field structural data and from a digital elevation model, explores the permeability combinations for the basement and for a three‐fault network. The models indicate that for a relatively permeable basement (10−16 m2), fluids are topography‐driven down to thousands of meters (until −3,700 m) before being captured by the more permeable Têt fault. Hot spring temperatures can be numerically reproduced when fault permeability is around 10−14 m2, a value slightly lower than the critical permeability for which free convection would occur within the Têt fault. Our study shows that thermal anomalies are possible along dormant faults close to elevated topography in the core of an orogenic belt, thereby opening new perspectives for geothermal exploration.
Increasing Heat Stress in Urban Areas of Eastern China: Acceleration by Urbanization
Authors: Luo Ming , Lau Ngar‐Cheung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA combination of hot temperature and high humidity (high heat stress) has severe impacts on environment, society, and public health, especially in urban areas where the majority of the world's population lives. This study investigates the changes of heat stress in urban areas of eastern China and urbanization effects. Data for 242 urban areas and records from a dense network of nearly 2,000 stations are examined. All urban areas have experienced substantial increases in mean heat stress and the frequencies of extreme heat stress days and events during 1971–2014. The increases in human‐perceived heat stress are even stronger than air temperature. Urban areas experience more intense heat stress than the surrounding rural areas. We estimate that urbanization accounts for nearly 30% of the increase in mean and extreme heat stress. Urbanization effects are more prominent in the major urban conglomerates such as Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei and the Yangtze and Pearl river deltas.
A Study on the Quarterdiurnal Tide in the Thermosphere at Arecibo During the February 2016 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event
Authors: Gong Yun , Ma Zheng , Lv Xiedong , Zhang Shaodong , Zhou Qihou , Aponte Nestor , Sulzer Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUsing data collected from the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar during 5–10 February 2016, we present a study on the quarterdiurnal tide (QDT) from 250 to 360 km. A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event occurred on 8 February coincided with our observation. The maximum amplitude of the QDT, at ~37 m/s, is comparable with the diurnal tide and much larger than the semidiurnal tide. The QDT is largely evanescent. Our results manifest that the F region QDT could be as important as the diurnal and semidiurnal tides. The tidal waves show large variability before and after the commencement of the SSW. Our analysis indicates that the enhancement of the QDT is most likely due to the effect of the SSW. Nonlinear interaction of the diurnal tide with the terdiurnal tide is found to play a significant role in amplifying the QDT during the SSW event.
Influences of the Kuroshio on Interisland Remote Connectivity of Corals Across the Nansei Archipelago in the East China Sea
Authors: Uchiyama Yusuke , Odani Sachika , Kashima Motohiko , Kamidaira Yuki , Mitarai Satoshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFor the preservation and protection of coral habitats along the Nansei Archipelago in the East China Sea, a submesoscale eddy‐resolving synoptic ocean model was developed based on the Regional Oceanic Modeling System coupled with a 3‐D Lagrangian particle tracking model. Millions of neutrally buoyant particles representing coral spawn and larvae were released from 19 major islands and one lagoon every spring from 2012 to 2015. The model results were compared to satellite data, in situ observation, and surface drifters to confirm reasonable agreement. The connectivity matrix across the archipelago was quantified using Lagrangian probability density functions of the modeled particle displacement. Most particles remained near the release areas, while some traveled long distances by the northeastward drifting Kuroshio, leading to notable interisland coral transport across the archipelago that promotes interisland connectivity. A possible mechanism was examined by analyzing the transition from coastal to pelagic transport of the particles released from the Yaeyama Islands, the southernmost area of the archipelago. The Kuroshio trapped the particles released from the northern coast of the islands with considerable temporal variability in the entrainment rate. By contrast, particles released from the southern coast are markedly affected by the eastward current around the release sites, which significantly reduces their entrainment in the Kuroshio and, thus, long‐distance transport. Some entrained particles were expelled abruptly from the Kuroshio, trapped by the southwestward drifting Kuroshio Counter Current developed between the Kuroshio and the archipelago, and subsequently transported eastward to the islands.
The Teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the Stratosphere
Authors: Domeisen Daniela I.V. , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Butler Amy H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEl Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts also extend above the troposphere, affecting the strength and variability of the stratospheric polar vortex in the high latitudes of both hemispheres, as well as the composition and circulation of the tropical stratosphere. El Niño events are associated with a warming and weakening of the polar vortex in the polar stratosphere of both hemispheres, while a cooling can be observed in the tropical lower stratosphere. These impacts are linked by a strengthened Brewer‐Dobson circulation. Anomalous upward wave propagation is observed in the extratropics of both hemispheres. For La Niña, these anomalies are often opposite. The stratosphere in turn affects surface weather and climate over large areas of the globe. Since these surface impacts are long‐lived, the changes in the stratosphere can lead to improved surface predictions on time scales of weeks to months. Over the past decade, our understanding of the mechanisms through which ENSO can drive impacts remote from the tropical Pacific has improved. This study reviews the possible mechanisms connecting ENSO to the stratosphere in the tropics and the extratropics of both hemispheres while also considering open questions, including nonlinearities in the teleconnections, the role of ENSO diversity, and the impacts of climate change and variability.
Central amygdala circuit dynamics underlying the benzodiazepine anxiolytic effect
Authors: Griessner Johannes , Pasieka Manuel , Böhm Vincent , Grössl Florian , Kaczanowska Joanna , Pliota Pinelopi , Kargl Dominic , Werner Barbara , Kaouane Nadia , Strobelt Sandra , Kreitz Silke , Hess Andreas , Haubensak Wulf 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBenzodiazepines (BZDs) have been a standard treatment for anxiety disorders for decades, but the neuronal circuit interactions mediating their anxiolytic effect remain largely unknown. Here, we find that systemic BZDs modulate central amygdala (CEA) microcircuit activity to gate amygdala output. Combining connectome data with immediate early gene (IEG) activation maps, we identified the CEA as a primary site for diazepam (DZP) anxiolytic action. Deep brain calcium imaging revealed that brain-wide DZP interactions shifted neuronal activity in CEA microcircuits. Chemogenetic silencing showed that PKCδ+/SST− neurons in the lateral CEA (CEAl) are necessary and sufficient to induce the DZP anxiolytic effect. We propose that BZDs block the relay of aversive signals through the CEA, in part by local binding to CEAl SST+/PKCδ− neurons and reshaping intra-CEA circuit dynamics. This work delineates a strategy to identify biomedically relevant circuit interactions of clinical drugs and highlights the critical role for CEA circuitry in the pathophysiology of anxiety.
Topochemical conversion of an imine- into a thiazole-linked covalent organic framework enabling real structure analysis
Authors: Haase Frederik , Troschke Erik , Savasci Gökcen , Banerjee Tanmay , Duppel Viola , Dörfler Susanne , Grundei Martin M. J. , Burow Asbjörn M. , Ochsenfeld Christian , Kaskel Stefan , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStabilization of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by post-synthetic locking strategies is a powerful tool to push the limits of COF utilization, which are imposed by the reversible COF linkage. Here we introduce a sulfur-assisted chemical conversion of a two-dimensional imine-linked COF into a thiazole-linked COF, with full retention of crystallinity and porosity. This post-synthetic modification entails significantly enhanced chemical and electron beam stability, enabling investigation of the real framework structure at a high level of detail. An in-depth study by electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveals a myriad of previously unknown or unverified structural features such as grain boundaries and edge dislocations, which are likely generic to the in-plane structure of 2D COFs. The visualization of such real structural features is key to understand, design and control structure–property relationships in COFs, which can have major implications for adsorption, catalytic, and transport properties of such crystalline porous polymers.
Self-limited single nanowire systems combining all-in-one memristive and neuromorphic functionalities
Authors: Milano Gianluca , Luebben Michael , Ma Zheng , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal , Boarino Luca , Pirri Candido F. , Waser Rainer , Ricciardi Carlo , Valov Ilia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe ability for artificially reproducing human brain type signals’ processing is one of the main challenges in modern information technology, being one of the milestones for developing global communicating networks and artificial intelligence. Electronic devices termed memristors have been proposed as effective artificial synapses able to emulate the plasticity of biological counterparts. Here we report for the first time a single crystalline nanowire based model system capable of combining all memristive functions – non-volatile bipolar memory, multilevel switching, selector and synaptic operations imitating Ca2+ dynamics of biological synapses. Besides underlying common electrochemical fundamentals of biological and artificial redox-based synapses, a detailed analysis of the memristive mechanism revealed the importance of surfaces and interfaces in crystalline materials. Our work demonstrates the realization of self-assembled, self-limited devices feasible for implementation via bottom up approach, as an attractive solution for the ultimate system miniaturization needed for the hardware realization of brain-inspired systems.
An inflammatory-CCRK circuitry drives mTORC1-dependent metabolic and immunosuppressive reprogramming in obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun Hanyong , Yang Weiqin , Tian Yuan , Zeng Xuezhen , Zhou Jingying , Mok Myth T. S. , Tang Wenshu , Feng Yu , Xu Liangliang , Chan Anthony W. H. , Tong Joanna H. , Cheung Yue-Sun , Lai Paul B. S. , Wang Hector K. S. , Tsang Shun-Wa , Chow King-Lau , Hu Mengying , Liu Rihe , Huang Leaf , Yang Bing , Yang Pengyuan , To Ka-Fai , Sung Joseph J. Y. , Wong Grace L. H. , Wong Vincent W. S. , Cheng Alfred S. L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObesity increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) especially in men, but the molecular mechanism remains obscure. Here, we show that an androgen receptor (AR)-driven oncogene, cell cycle-related kinase (CCRK), collaborates with obesity-induced pro-inflammatory signaling to promote non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related hepatocarcinogenesis. Lentivirus-mediatedCcrkablation in liver of male mice fed with high-fat high-carbohydrate diet abrogates not only obesity-associated lipid accumulation, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, but also HCC development. Mechanistically, CCRK fuels a feedforward loop by inducing STAT3-AR promoter co-occupancy and transcriptional up-regulation, which in turn activates mTORC1/4E-BP1/S6K/SREBP1 cascades via GSK3β phosphorylation. Moreover, hepaticCCRKinduction in transgenic mice stimulates mTORC1-dependentG−csfexpression to enhance polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment and tumorigenicity. Finally, the STAT3-AR-CCRK-mTORC1 pathway components are concordantly over-expressed in human NASH-associated HCCs. These findings unveil the dual roles of an inflammatory-CCRK circuitry in driving metabolic and immunosuppressive reprogramming through mTORC1 activation, thereby establishing a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment for HCC development.
Structural assembly of the megadalton-sized receptor for intestinal vitamin B12 uptake and kidney protein reabsorption
Authors: Larsen Casper , Etzerodt Anders , Madsen Mette , Skjødt Karsten , Moestrup Søren Kragh , Andersen Christian Brix Folsted 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe endocytic receptor cubam formed by the 460-kDa protein cubilin and the 45-kDa transmembrane protein amnionless (AMN), is essential for intestinal vitamin B12 (B12) uptake and for protein (e.g. albumin) reabsorption from the kidney filtrate. Loss of function of any of the two components ultimately leads to serious B12 deficiency and urinary protein loss in humans (Imerslund-Gräsbeck’s syndrome, IGS). Here, we present the crystal structure of AMN in complex with the amino-terminal region of cubilin, revealing a sophisticated assembly of three cubilin subunits combining into a single intertwined β-helix domain that docks to a corresponding three-faced β-helix domain in AMN. This β-helix-β-helix association thereby anchors three ligand-binding cubilin subunits to the transmembrane AMN. Electron microscopy of full-length cubam reveals a 700–800 Å long tree-like structure with the potential of dimerization into an even larger complex. Furthermore, effects of known human mutations causing IGS are explained by the structural information.
Long distance electron transfer through the aqueous solution between redox partner proteins
Authors: Lagunas Anna , Guerra-Castellano Alejandra , Nin-Hill Alba , Díaz-Moreno Irene , De la Rosa Miguel A. , Samitier Josep , Rovira Carme , Gorostiza Pau 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite the importance of electron transfer between redox proteins in photosynthesis and respiration, the inter-protein electron transfer rate between redox partner proteins has never been measured as a function of their separation in aqueous solution. Here, we use electrochemical tunneling spectroscopy to show that the current between two protein partners decays along more than 10 nm in the solution. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal a reduced ionic density and extended electric field in the volume confined between the proteins. The distance-decay factor and the calculated local barrier for electron transfer are regulated by the electrochemical potential applied to the proteins. Redox partners could use electrochemically gated, long distance electron transfer through the solution in order to conciliate high specificity with weak binding, thus keeping high turnover rates in the crowded environment of cells.
Engrafted parenchymal brain macrophages differ from microglia in transcriptome, chromatin landscape and response to challenge
Authors: Shemer Anat , Grozovski Jonathan , Tay Tuan Leng , Tao Jenhan , Volaski Alon , Süß Patrick , Ardura-Fabregat Alberto , Gross-Vered Mor , Kim Jung-Seok , David Eyal , Chappell-Maor Louise , Thielecke Lars , Glass Christopher K. , Cornils Kerstin , Prinz Marco , Jung Steffen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMicroglia are yolk sac-derived macrophages residing in the parenchyma of brain and spinal cord, where they interact with neurons and other glial. After different conditioning paradigms and bone marrow (BM) or hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, graft-derived cells seed the brain and persistently contribute to the parenchymal brain macrophage compartment. Here we establish that graft-derived macrophages acquire, over time, microglia characteristics, including ramified morphology, longevity, radio-resistance and clonal expansion. However, even after prolonged CNS residence, transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility landscapes of engrafted, BM-derived macrophages remain distinct from yolk sac-derived host microglia. Furthermore, engrafted BM-derived cells display discrete responses to peripheral endotoxin challenge, as compared to host microglia. In human HSC transplant recipients, engrafted cells also remain distinct from host microglia, extending our finding to clinical settings. Collectively, our data emphasize the molecular and functional heterogeneity of parenchymal brain macrophages and highlight potential clinical implications for HSC gene therapies aimed to ameliorate lysosomal storage disorders, microgliopathies or general monogenic immuno-deficiencies.
In vivo cell type-specific CRISPR knockdown of dopamine beta hydroxylase reduces locus coeruleus evoked wakefulness
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Hopf F. Woodward , Li Shi-Bin , de Lecea Luis 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLocus coeruleus (LC) neurons in the brainstem have long been associated with attention and arousal. Optogenetic stimulation of LC-NE neurons induces immediate sleep-to-wake transitions. However, LC neurons also secrete other neurotransmitters in addition to NE. To interrogate the role of NE derived from the LC in regulating wakefulness, we applied in vivo cell type-specific CRISPR/Cas9 technology to disrupt the dopamine beta hydroxylase (dbh) gene selectively in adult LC-NE neurons. Unilateral dbh gene disruption abolished immediate arousal following optogenetic stimulation of LC. Bilateral LC-specific dbh disruption significantly reduced NE concentration in LC projection areas and reduced wake length even in the presence of salient stimuli. These results suggest that NE may be crucial for the awakening effect of LC stimulation and serve as proof-of-principle that CRISPR gene editing in adult neurons can be used to interrogate gene function within genetically-defined neuronal circuitry associated with complex behaviors.
Physical and environmental drivers of Paleozoic tetrapod dispersal across Pangaea
Authors: Brocklehurst Neil , Dunne Emma M. , Cashmore Daniel D. , Frӧbisch Jӧrg 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Carboniferous and Permian were crucial intervals in the establishment of terrestrial ecosystems, which occurred alongside substantial environmental and climate changes throughout the globe, as well as the final assembly of the supercontinent of Pangaea. The influence of these changes on tetrapod biogeography is highly contentious, with some authors suggesting a cosmopolitan fauna resulting from a lack of barriers, and some identifying provincialism. Here we carry out a detailed historical biogeographic analysis of late Paleozoic tetrapods to study the patterns of dispersal and vicariance. A likelihood-based approach to infer ancestral areas is combined with stochastic mapping to assess rates of vicariance and dispersal. Both the late Carboniferous and the end-Guadalupian are characterised by a decrease in dispersal and a vicariance peak in amniotes and amphibians. The first of these shifts is attributed to orogenic activity, the second to increasing climate heterogeneity.
The genomic landscape of molecular responses to natural drought stress in Panicum hallii
Authors: Lovell John T. , Jenkins Jerry , Lowry David B. , Mamidi Sujan , Sreedasyam Avinash , Weng Xiaoyu , Barry Kerrie , Bonnette Jason , Campitelli Brandon , Daum Chris , Gordon Sean P. , Gould Billie A. , Khasanova Albina , Lipzen Anna , MacQueen Alice , Palacio-Mejía Juan Diego , Plott Christopher , Shakirov Eugene V. , Shu Shengqiang , Yoshinaga Yuko , Zane Matt , Kudrna Dave , Talag Jason D. , Rokhsar Daniel , Grimwood Jane , Schmutz Jeremy , Juenger Thomas E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEnvironmental stress is a major driver of ecological community dynamics and agricultural productivity. This is especially true for soil water availability, because drought is the greatest abiotic inhibitor of worldwide crop yields. Here, we test the genetic basis of drought responses in the genetic model for C4 perennial grasses, Panicum hallii, through population genomics, field-scale gene-expression (eQTL) analysis, and comparison of two complete genomes. While gene expression networks are dominated by local cis-regulatory elements, we observe three genomic hotspots of unlinked trans-regulatory loci. These regulatory hubs are four times more drought responsive than the genome-wide average. Additionally, cis- and trans-regulatory networks are more likely to have opposing effects than expected under neutral evolution, supporting a strong influence of compensatory evolution and stabilizing selection. These results implicate trans-regulatory evolution as a driver of drought responses and demonstrate the potential for crop improvement in drought-prone regions through modification of gene regulatory networks.
Irradiation-induced palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative desaturation enabled by a dual ligand system
Authors: Cheng Wan-Min , Shang Rui , Fu Yao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGeneration of alkenes through decarboxyolefination of alkane carboxylates has significant synthetic value in view of the easy availability of a variety of carboxylic acids and the synthetic versatility of alkenes. Herein we report that palladium catalysts under irradiation with blue LEDs (440 nm) catalyze decarboxylative desaturation of a variety of aliphatic carboxylates to generate aliphatic alkenes, styrenes, enol ethers, enamides, and peptide enamides under mild conditions. The selection of a dual phosphine ligand system is the key enabler for the successful development of this reaction. The Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative desaturation is utilized to achieve a three-step divergent synthesis of Chondriamide A and Chondriamide C in overall 68% yield from simple starting materials. Mechanistic studies suggest that, distinct from palladium catalysis under thermal condition, irradiation-induced palladium catalysis involves irradiation-induced single-electron transfer and dynamic ligand-dissociation/association process to allow two phosphine ligand to work synergistically.