bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoconcepto y tendencia religiosa en universitarios: propiedades psicométricas del AF-5
Authors: Zurita Ortega Félix , San Román-Mata Silvia , Martínez-Martínez Asunción , Chacón-Cuberos Ramón , Castro-Sánchez Manuel , Puertas-Molero Pilar 
Published: December 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido analizar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario AF-5 mediante técnicas de tipo exploratorio y confirmatorio en universitarios de diferentes tendencias religiosas, así como analizar la relación entre el autoconcepto y tendencia religiosa (cristianos, musulmanes y ateo-agnósticos). La muestra estuvo formada por 597 estudiantes (23.04 ± 3.72 años), donde 156 (26.1 %) eran hombres y 441 (73.9 %) mujeres, empleando como principales instrumentos el test de Autoconcepto AF-5 y una hoja de autorregistro para la tendencia religiosa. Los resultados indican que el cuestionario ofrece índices de fiabilidad superiores a α = 0.7. La factorialidad se ajusta adecuadamente al modelo de cinco factores original. Asimismo, las dimensiones académica y emocional presentan una mayor fortaleza en los cristianos, mientras que la social lo hace en los musulmanes. Las dimensiones familiar y física son más elevadas para universitarios que profesan alguna religión.
Dynamic Load Reduction and Station Keeping Mooring System for Floating Offshore Wind
Authors: Harrold Magnus J. , Thies Philipp R. , Johanning Lars , Newsam David , Checkley Michael , Bittencourt Ferreira Claudio 
Published: December 2018

The mooring system for a floating offshore wind turbine ensures that the platform stays within pre-defined station keeping limits during operation, while it provides sufficient restraining forces in storm events to guarantee survival. This presents a challenge during the design process, since the cost of the mooring system is proportional to the peak loads, i.e. those that occur infrequently in extreme conditions. Mooring designs are governed by extreme and fatigue loads which determine the required Minimum Breaking Load (MBL) of the system. If uncertainties in the environmental loading or hydrodynamic coupled response exist, additional safety factors are required.
This paper explores the application of a hydraulic based mooring system that enables a variable, non-linear line stiffness characteristic that cannot be achieved with conventional designs. This non-linear load-response behavior could function like a ‘shock absorber’ in the mooring system, and thus reduce the line tensions, enabling a more efficient mooring system that necessitates a lower MBL and thus lower cost. These claims are evaluated through numerical modelling of the NREL OC3 spar buoy and OC4 semi-submersible offshore wind platforms using the FAST-OrcaFlex interface. The simulations compare the dynamics with and without the inclusion of the hydraulic mooring component. The results suggest that mean mooring line loads can be reduced in the region of 9–17% through a combination of lower static and dynamic loads, while the peak loads observed in extreme conditions were reduced by 17–18%. These load reductions, however, come at the expense of some additional platform motion. The paper also provides an outlook to an upcoming physical test campaign that will aim to better understand the performance and reliability of the mooring component, which will provide the necessary evidence to support these load reduction claims.
An Ice-Structure Interaction Model Using Fourier Series for Offshore Wind Tower Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuxi , Yu Bingbin 
Published: December 2018

Intermittent brittle crushing often occurs in the movement of an ice sheet against an offshore structure. Matlock’s ice-structure interaction model is used to simulate the behavior of the ice crushing by modeling ice teeth indentation contacting a spring-mass-dashpot structure. The dynamic behavior of this analytical ice-structure interaction system is studied using Fourier analysis to efficiently predict the response amplitude of specific dynamic periodicity at a given indentation speed. The system’s equations of motion are established based on the assumption of continuous ice indentation. This assumption well captures the ice crushing failure by allowing immediate contact of the offshore structure with the next ice tooth at the time of fracturing of a previous tooth. The fourth mode shape of a numerical wind tower system is studied to convert the physical parameters to the parameters of the spring-mass-dashpot system.
The time histories of ice tooth deflections are expressed through the non-linear dynamic equations. The kinematic initial conditions and the response amplitude of the wind turbine structure can be predicted at targeted periodicity via the Fourier analysis. Given a representative offshore wind tower system, the mode shapes of the physical system are calculated as inputs for the ice-structure interaction model. As an extended validation, the amplitudes of the structural dynamic vibrations predicted by the analytical models at specific periodicity and using the mathematical closed-form simulation are compared with the numerical simulation results.
Predictors of extubation readiness in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shalish Wissam , Latremouille Samantha , Papenburg Jesse , Sant’Anna Guilherme Mendes 
Published: December 2018

ContextA variety of extubation readiness tests have already been incorporated into clinical practice in preterm infants.ObjectiveTo identify predictor tests of successful extubation and determine their accuracy compared with clinical judgement alone.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched between 1984 and June 2016. Studies evaluating predictors of extubation success during a period free of mechanical inflations in infants less than 37 weeks’ gestation were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. After identifying and describing all predictor tests, pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates for the different test categories were generated using a bivariate random-effects model.ResultsThirty-five studies were included, showing wide heterogeneities in population characteristics, methodologies and definitions of extubation success. Assessments ranged from a few seconds to 24 hours, provided 0–6 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure and measured several clinical and/or physiological parameters. Thirty-one predictor tests were identified, showing good sensitivities but low and variable specificities. Given the high variation in test definitions across studies, pooling could only be performed on a subset. The commonly performed spontaneous breathing trials had pooled sensitivity of 95% (95% CI 87% to 99%) and specificity of 62% (95% CI 38% to 82%), while composite tests offered the best performance characteristics.ConclusionsThere is a lack of strong evidence to support the use of extubation readiness tests in preterm infants. Although spontaneous breathing trials are attractive assessment tools, higher quality studies are needed for determining the optimal strategies for improving their accuracy.
Provocative testing in patients with jackhammer esophagus: evidence for altered neural control
Authors: Mauro Aurelio , Quader Farhan , Tolone Salvatore , Savarino Edoardo , De Bortoli Nicola , Franchina Marianna , Gyawali C. Prakash , Penagini Roberto 
Published: December 2018

Jackhammer esophagus (JE) is a hypercontractile disorder, the pathogenesis of which is incompletely understood. Multiple rapid swallows (MRS) and rapid drink challenge (RDC) are complementary tests used during high-resolution manometry (HRM) that evaluate inhibitory and excitatory neuromuscular function and latent obstruction, respectively. Our aim was to evaluate esophageal pathophysiology using MRS and RDC in 83 JE patients (28 men; median age: 63 yr; IQR: 54–70 yr). Twenty-one healthy subjects (11 men; median age: 28 yr; range: 26–30 yr) were used as a control group. All patients underwent solid-state HRM with ten 5-ml single swallows (SS) and one to three 10-ml MRS; 34 patients also underwent RDC. Data are shown as median (interquartile range). Abnormal motor inhibition was noted during at least one MRS test in 48% of JE patients compared with 29% of controls ( P = 0.29). Mean distal contractile integral (DCI) after MRS was significantly lower than after SS [6,028 (3,678–9,267) mmHg·cm·s vs. 7,514 (6,238–9,197) mmHg·cm·s, P = 0.02], as was highest DCI ( P < 0.0001). Consequently, 66% of JE patients had no contraction reserve. At least one variable of obstruction during RDC (performed in 34 patients) was outside the normal range in 25 (74%) of JE patients. Both highest DCI after SS and pressure gradient across the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) during RDC were higher in patients with dysphagia versus those without ( P = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Our data suggest altered neural control in JE patients with heterogeneity in inhibitory function. Furthermore, some patients had latent EGJ obstruction during RDC, which correlated with the presence of dysphagia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Presence of abnormal inhibition was observed during multiple rapid swallows (MRS) in some but not all patients with jackhammer esophagus (JE). Unlike healthy subjects, JE patients were more strongly stimulated after single swallows than after MRS. An obstructive pattern was frequently observed during rapid drink challenge (RDC) and was related to presence of dysphagia. MRS and RDC during high-resolution manometry are useful to show individual pathophysiological patterns in JE and may guide optimal therapeutic strategies.
Release of fascial compartment boundaries reduces muscle force output
Authors: Ruttiman Roy J. , Sleboda David A. , Roberts Thomas J. 
Published: December 2018

Most limb muscles operate within a compartment defined by fascial layers that enclose a muscle or groups of muscles within a defined space. These compartments are important clinically, because fluid accumulation can cause ischemia and tissue necrosis if untreated. Little is known, however, about how fascial enclosures influence healthy muscle function. One previous study showed that removing a fascial covering reduced the force output of a muscle under maximal stimulation. We hypothesized that such reduction in force output was due to a change in the muscle length following fasciotomy and that a reduced force output could be explained by the length-tension relationship of muscle. Thus we predicted that the maximum force across a range of lengths would be unchanged following fasciotomy. We measured maximal tetanic force output in a wing muscle in wild turkeys both before and after removal of fascia that enclosed the muscle in a compartment. Our hypothesis was not supported. The length-tension curve of this muscle showed that removal of fascia reduced maximum force output to 72 ± 10% of the prefascial release condition. Thus a reduction in muscle force following fasciotomy was not explained by a change in muscle length. The mechanism underlying reduction in force is unclear, but it suggests that the assumption underlying most isolated muscle experiments, i.e., removal of a muscle from its situation in vivo does not influence its maximal mechanical output, may need reexamining.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Most limb muscles are enclosed within compartments bound by robust fascial sheets. The mechanical significance of the close packing of muscle and fascia is largely unexplored. We used an animal model to show that removal of a fascial covering reduces the maximal force developed during contraction. These results raise questions about the use of isolated muscles to estimate muscle performance and suggest that a muscle's mechanical surrounding influences performance by mechanisms that are not understood.
Macrophage-Derived IL1β and TNFα Regulate Arginine Metabolism in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Fultang Livingstone , Gamble Laura D. , Gneo Luciana , Berry Andrea M. , Egan Sharon A. , De Bie Fenna , Yogev Orli , Eden Georgina L. , Booth Sarah , Brownhill Samantha , Vardon Ashley , McConville Carmel M. , Cheng Paul N. , Norris Murray D. , Etchevers Heather C. , Murray Jayne , Ziegler David S. , Chesler Louis , Schmidt Ronny , Burchill Susan A. , Haber Michelle , De Santo Carmela , Mussai Francis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNeuroblastoma is the most common childhood solid tumor, yet the prognosis for high-risk disease remains poor. We demonstrate here that arginase 2 (ARG2) drives neuroblastoma cell proliferation via regulation of arginine metabolism. Targeting arginine metabolism, either by blocking cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT-1)–dependent arginine uptake in vitro or therapeutic depletion of arginine by pegylated recombinant arginase BCT-100, significantly delayed tumor development and prolonged murine survival. Tumor cells polarized infiltrating monocytes to an M1-macrophage phenotype, which released IL1β and TNFα in a RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT)–dependent manner. IL1β and TNFα established a feedback loop to upregulate ARG2 expression via p38 and extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling in neuroblastoma and neural crest–derived cells. Proteomic analysis revealed that enrichment of IL1β and TNFα in stage IV human tumor microenvironments was associated with a worse prognosis. These data thus describe an immune-metabolic regulatory loop between tumor cells and infiltrating myeloid cells regulating ARG2, which can be clinically exploited.Significance:These findings illustrate that cross-talk between myeloid cells and tumor cells creates a metabolic regulatory loop that promotes neuroblastoma progression.
Persistent Lagrangian Transport Patterns in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Gough Matt K. , Beron-Vera Francisco J. , Olascoaga María J. , Sheinbaum Julio , Jouanno Julien , Duran Rodrigo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPersistent Lagrangian transport patterns at the ocean surface are revealed from climatological Lagrangian coherent structures (cLCSs) computed from daily climatological surface current velocities in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (NWGoM). The climatological currents are computed from daily velocities produced by an 18-yr-long free-running submesoscale-permitting Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) simulation of the Gulf of Mexico. Despite the intense submesoscale variability produced by the model along the shelf break, which is found to be consistent with observations and previous studies, a persistent mesoscale attracting barrier between the NWGoM shelf and the deep ocean is effectively identified by a hook-like pattern associated with persistent strongly attracting cLCSs. Simulated tracer and satellite-tracked drifters originating over the shelf tend to be trapped there by the hook-like pattern as they spread cyclonically. Tracers and drifters originating beyond the shelf tend to be initially attracted to the hook-like pattern as they spread anticyclonically and eventually over the deep ocean. The findings have important implications for the mitigation of contaminant accidents such as oil spills.
The impact of strengthening mental health services to prevent suicidal behaviour
Authors: Atkinson Jo-An , Page Andrew , Heffernan Mark , McDonnell Geoff , Prodan Ante , Campos Bill , Meadows Graham , Hickie Ian B 
Published: December 2018

Objective: Successive suicide prevention frameworks and action plans in Australia and internationally have called for improvements to mental health services and enhancement of workforce capacity. However, there is debate regarding the priorities for resource allocation and the optimal combination of mental health services to best prevent suicidal behaviour. This study investigates the potential impacts of service capacity improvements on the incidence of suicidal behaviour in the Australian context. Methods: A system dynamics model was developed to investigate the optimal combination of (1) secondary (acute) mental health service capacity, (2) non-secondary (non-acute) mental health service capacity and (3) resources to re-engage those lost to services on the incidence of suicidal behaviour over the period 2018–2028 for the Greater Western Sydney (Australia) population catchment. The model captured population and behavioural dynamics and mental health service referral pathways and was validated using population survey and administrative data, evidence syntheses and an expert stakeholder group. Results: Findings suggest that 28% of attempted suicide and 29% of suicides could be averted over the forecast period based on a combination of increases in (1) hospital staffing (with training in trauma-informed care), (2) non-secondary health service capacity, (3) expansion of mental health assessment capacity and (4) re-engagement of at least 45% of individuals lost to services. Reduction in the number of available psychiatric beds by 15% had no substantial impact on the incidence of attempted suicide and suicide over the forecast period. Conclusion: This study suggests that more than one-quarter of suicides and attempted suicides in the Greater Western Sydney population catchment could potentially be averted with a combination of increases to hospital staffing and non-secondary (non-acute) mental health care. Reductions in tertiary care services (e.g. psychiatric hospital beds) in combination with these increases would not adversely affect subsequent incidence of suicidal behaviour.
Investigating Household State Dependence Effects across Categories
Authors: Seetharaman P.B. , Ainslie Andrew , Chintagunta Pradeep K. 
Published: December 2018

Brand choices over time are dictated not just by households’ intrinsic brand preferences, but also by marketing variables and state dependence effects. The authors examine brand choice behavior across five product categories as a function of these variables. Choice within a category is modeled with a multinomial probit model. A Bayesian variance components approach is used to model the covariation of household response parameters across categories. The model enables the authors to identify similarities in households’ state dependence effects across categories. On the basis of purchase data from a panel of 785 households, they also (1) estimate the correlations between household parameters for the marketing mix and state dependence, (2) study whether state dependence effects diminish over time, (3) investigate whether state dependence for a household is related to its demographic and behavioral characteristics, and (4) analyze whether category variables influence state dependence. The results indicate that households display similar state dependence effects across the five categories, with two categories exhibiting significantly lower state dependence levels than the other three. Furthermore, significant correlations exist between state dependence effects and marketing mix sensitivities. A household's level of brand choice inertia diminishes with time elapsed since the previous purchase. State dependence is influenced by shopping behavior variables but not by demographics.
Influence of Ambient Sound Fluctuations on the Crossing Decisions of Pedestrians who Are Visually Impaired: Implications for Setting a Minimum Sound Level for Quiet Vehicles
Authors: Kim Dae Shik , Emerson Robert Wall , Naghshineh Koorosh , Myers Kyle 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Following the passage of the Pedestrian Safety Enhancement Act in the United States, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is setting a minimum sound level for hybrid and battery electric vehicles. With an aim to aid this effort, the present study investigated the timing and performance of critical street-crossing decisions by pedestrians who are visually impaired (that is, those who are blind or have low vision) at selected intersections. Methods Fourteen visually impaired adults with typical hearing along with a sighted experimenter made street-crossing decisions by indicating when they would initiate crossing using radio controller handsets. Participants’ decisions were compared with the sighted experimenter's decisions to determine the level of their risk. Results At the residential intersection, the percentage of risky crossing decisions by participants was significantly lower when the decisions were made at lower ambient sound levels (M = 8.9%, SD = 6.9%) than when they were made at higher ambient sound levels (M = 35.3%, SD = 21.2%), p < .001. The participants were able to make significantly fewer risky crossing decisions during the windows of time when the ambient sound level was lower at the major-and-minor-street intersection as well ( p = .001). Discussion Participants were often able to take advantage of the troughs in ambient sound for making street-crossing decisions, and the decisions made in lower ambient sound level conditions were generally less risky than those made in higher ambient sound level conditions. Implications for practitioners Given the finding that the level of ambient sound detected when participants made crossing decisions was much lower than the average ambient sound level at a given intersection, as long as there are noticeable dips in ambient sound, average ambient sound level at a given intersection may not be the most relevant measure of background sound level when determining a minimum sound level for the hybrid and electric vehicles.
Virtual Environments for People who Are Visually Impaired Integrated into an Orientation and Mobility Program
Authors: Lahav Orly , Schloerb David W. , Srinivasan Mandayam A. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction The BlindAid, a virtual system developed for orientation and mobility (O&M) training of people who are blind or have low vision, allows interaction with different virtual components (structures and objects) via auditory and haptic feedback. This research examined if and how the BlindAid that was integrated within an O&M training program could be of help when teaching those who are blind or visually impaired to develop O&M skills. Methods Using qualitative and quantitative methods, this research focused on 16 participants during their O&M course, and studied virtual environment exploration and orientation tasks in virtual environments. Results The encouraging results of the current study indicate the potential strengths of the BlindAid system as an O&M training device for visually impaired people. Discussion Follow-up research evaluating transference of knowledge from virtual environments to real spaces could contribute to O&M training for people who are visually impaired. Implications for practitioners BlindAid could play a central role in three potential applications: a training simulator for O&M, a diagnostic tool for O&M specialists to track and observe participants’ spatial behavior, and a technique for advanced exploration of unknown spaces.