bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neither gift nor loan: the strategic use of pseudo-formality at the nexus of intimacy and economy
Authors: Hayes Adam S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, I introduce the concept of pseudo-formality as a novel form of relational work in economic sociology. Pseudo-formality refers to the performative use of formal aesthetics, such as contracts and repayment plans, in financial exchanges between close ties—as both parties tacitly understand that the agreement is flexible and not legally binding. I argue that pseudo-formality works by leveraging the signaling function of formal market elements in a way that contradicts their typical purpose, allowing for the compartmentalization of the economic and social aspects of the exchange. Through two complementary vignette experiments, I demonstrate that pseudo-formal framing enhances the perceived dignity of the recipient and the respect conveyed by the giver, compared to formal, informal, or gift-based arrangements. This effect partially mediates the relationship between the type of exchange and its overall acceptability. This research contributes to relational work perspectives in economic sociology by identifying a prevalent but understudied strategy for navigating the intersection of intimacy and economy, and highlights the adaptability of economic forms for relational purposes. The findings have practical implications for interpersonal exchanges as well as the design of financial assistance programs and policies, suggesting that pseudo-formal structures can provide a dignified and empowering means of support.
Therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases associated with cognitive decline
Authors: Spinelli Matteo , Fusco Salvatore , Grassi Claudio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the central nervous system, cell-to-cell interaction is essential for brain plassticity and repair, and its alteration is critically involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Neural stem cells are a plentiful source of biological signals promoting neuroplasticity and the maintenance of cognitive functions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an additional strategy for cells to release signals in the surrounding cellular environment or to exchange information among both neighboring and distant cells. In the last years, rising attention has been devoted to the ability of stem cell (SC)-derived EVs to counteract inflammatory and degenerative brain disorders taking advantage of their immunomodulatory capacities and regenerative potential. Here, we review the role of adult neurogenesis impairment in the cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases and describe the beneficial effects of SC-derived EVs on brain plasticity and repair also discussing the advantages of SC-derived EV administration vs SC transplantation in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Adjacent Segment Disease after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Satin Alexander M. , Shenker Tara , Guyer Richard D. , Blumenthal Scott L. , Zigler Jack E. , Shellock Jessica L. , Derman Peter B. , Ohnmeiss Donna D. , Rogers-LaVanne Mary P. 
Published: November 2024

Study Design.
A retrospective chart review was conducted at a single institution.

Objective.
The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) used for the treatment of symptomatic adjacent segment disease (ASD) developed after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data.
A major clinical concern following ACDF is the development of ASD. ASD after ACDF is often treated with an additional fusion, but risks include pseudoarthrosis and further ASD. CDA is a motion preserving alternative that addresses these concerns, and therefore, has been proposed as an alternative treatment for ASD after ACDF.

Methods.
CDA patients with prior adjacent-level ACDF (n=120) were identified from a consecutive series of CDA patients at one institution. Pre- to post- CDA patient-reported outcome measures were compared using the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results.
A total of 142 devices were implanted – 98 patients underwent a one-level CDA, and 22 patients underwent two-level CDA. The mean follow-up duration after CDA was 32.11 months. Neck pain, arm pain, and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores significantly improved from the preoperative to postoperative timepoint (respectively: 6.14 to 3.02, 4.42 to 1.61, 44.28 to 28.62, all P<0.001). In total, 7 patients underwent reoperation (5.83%). One of these patients underwent reoperation for pseudarthrosis at the level of ACDF following a hybrid procedure. The indications for index level reoperations (n=3) were foraminal stenosis, osteolysis, and postoperative hematoma. All patients with an adjacent level reoperation (n=3) received surgery at levels adjacent to the prior fusion, not the more recent CDA.

Conclusion.
The results of this study found CDA was effective for the treatment of ASD following ACDF. CDA appears to be a viable treatment option for ASD after ACDF in appropriately selected patients.
Effect of Valproate Coprescription on Clozapine Pharmacokinetics in Clinical Practice
Authors: Flanagan Robert James , Obee Stephen John , Kim Alice Hyun Min , Every-Palmer Susanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Sodium valproate has been coprescribed with clozapine for seizure prophylaxis and for augmentation in treatment-refractory schizophrenia. However, the effect of valproate on clozapine metabolism and on the incidence of clozapine-related side effects is unclear.

Methods
We compared clozapine dose and plasma clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine (norclozapine) concentrations in smokers and nonsmokers of both sexes in samples submitted for clozapine therapeutic drug monitoring, 1996–2017 in relation to valproate coprescription.

Results
There were 1217 (665 patients) and 3823 (1600 patients) samples from nonsmokers and from smokers, respectively, who were coprescribed valproate and clozapine. Data from 9774 (5065 patients) and 15,465 (7298 patients) samples from nonsmokers and from smokers, respectively, for whom drugs other than valproate were coprescribed were used as controls. Valproate coprescription in nonsmokers was associated with an increase in average plasma clozapine of 22.5%, suggesting moderate inhibition of clozapine metabolism, but there was no marked effect of valproate coprescription on plasma clozapine in smokers. In all the valproate-treated groups (male and female smokers and nonsmokers), the median plasma norclozapine concentration and the median plasma clozapine-to-norclozapine ratio were significantly lower and higher, respectively, as compared with the controls. Mixed-effects models showed a significant dose-response effect of valproate on lowering the plasma norclozapine concentration and on increasing the plasma clozapine-to-norclozapine ratio.

Implications
Given the complexity of the effect of valproate coadministration on clozapine pharmacokinetics and the possibility that the toxicity of clozapine may be enhanced in the presence of valproate, the use of these drugs in combination must now be questioned in all patients and not only in women of childbearing age.
Association Between Presenteeism and Mistreatment at the Workplace During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan
Authors: Sawamoto Naoya , Okawara Makoto , Matsugaki Ryutaro , Hino Ayako , Nagata Tomohisa , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa ,   for the CORoNaWork Project
Published: November 2024

Objective
Workers were subject to both presenteeism and workplace mistreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to examine their association during the pandemic in Japan.

Methods
An internet-based, 1-year prospective cohort study was conducted from 2020 to 2021. The Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun) as an indicator of presenteeism at baseline and workplace mistreatment experience at follow-up were assessed. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate their association.

Results
The analysis of 18,170 subjects showed that those with moderate and severe work function impairment were significantly associated with workplace mistreatment compared with those with less impairment (adjusted odds, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.67–2.14; P < 0.001] and 3.00 [95% CI, 2.69–3.35; P < 0.001], respectively).

Conclusions
Increasing severity of baseline presenteeism was associated with increasing likelihood of workplace mistreatment. Efforts to reduce presenteeism may help reduce workplace injustice and improve morale.
Tunneled Pleural Catheters
Authors: Pu Chan Yeu , Avendano Camilo A. , Durant Makayla , Gangadharan Sidharta P. , Beattie Jason , Parikh Mihir , Swenson Kai E. , Zhang Chenchen , Majid Adnan 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Open window thoracostomy (OTW) is the standard of care for debilitated patients with chronic pleural infection and nonexpandable lungs (NEL) who are not candidates for major surgical intervention. Tunneled pleural catheters (TPC) offer tremendous treatment potential in this setting based on their efficacy in malignant pleural effusion and NEL. We aim to assess the efficacy, safety, and health care utilization of TPC in this setting.

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent TPC procedures for the long-term management of chronic pleural infection and NEL who were not candidates for major surgical intervention. Clinically, complete treatment success was defined as fever abatement, normalization of white cell count, and stoppage of antimicrobial therapy without requiring surgical intervention. It is deemed a partial success if chronic antimicrobial suppression is still needed.

Results:
There were 20 patients who had TPC placed for chronic pleural infection with NEL. Clinical and partial treatment success was achieved in 9/17 and 8/17 patients, respectively, excluding 3 patients who were placed on comfort measures only. The median change in pleural volume was -218 mL. The median length of stay after TPC placement was 4.5 days. TPC was removed in 8 patients due to successful obliteration of pleural space in a median duration of 46.5 days. Four patients passed away with TPCs in place, 7 retained TPCs at the last health care system contact, and 1 patient had OTW due to TPC failure.

Conclusion:
This exploratory study suggests that TPC is an effective and safe intervention for the management of patients with chronic pleural infection and NEL lung who are not candidates for surgical intervention.
Reaccreditation and Pathways Recognition Experiences of Small Local and Tribal Health Departments
Authors: Allen Peg , Fifolt Matthew , Crenshaw Andrew N. , Erwin Paul C. , Lang Britt , Belflower Thomas Amy , Kuehnert Paul , Brownson Ross C. 
Published: November 2024

Context:
This paper describes experiences and views of leadership teams from 4 small local health departments (LHDs) seeking Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) reaccreditation or Pathways Recognition using PHAB Standards & Measures Version 2022. The Pathways program launched in 2022 provides additional supports for improvement of public health practice.

Objective:
Given the need to accelerate accreditation among small health departments, the purpose of this study is to share small health departments’ strategies for overcoming accreditation challenges and actionable advice for use by other health departments.

Design:
In this descriptive qualitative study, the study team conducted 22 individual interviews with 4 small LHDs from January to March 2024.

Setting:
Participating small health departments were located in the Midwestern and Western United States with staff sizes ranging from 3 to 47.

Participants:
Interview participants included small health department leadership teams, a local board of health member, and a contracted external accreditation consultant.

Main Outcome Measures:
We used a semi-structured interview guide to elicit participant experiences and views on accreditation processes, benefits, facilitators, strategies for overcoming challenges, and advice for other small health departments.

Results:
Participants suggested that accreditation benefits far outweighed the challenges. Perceived benefits included improved organizational procedures, equitable delivery of needed effective programs and services, and enhanced public perception. Key strategies to overcome staff capacity challenges were establishing a team approach and orienting and mentoring new staff in the “why” and “how” of accreditation. Advice included learning what is involved, taking the time to lay a foundation beforehand, and not waiting for a perfect time as accreditation is about improvement, not perfection.

Conclusions:
Small health departments can achieve and maintain PHAB accreditation by strategically implementing strategies to overcome staff capacity and other challenges. The Pathways Recognition program is a supportive option for small health departments wanting to improve public health practice.
Usefulness of Dual-Energy CT for Differentiating Hemorrhage From Iodine Extravasation in Meningiomas After Preoperative Embolization
Authors: Uchimura Ryutaro , Khant Zaw Aung , Hayashi Hidetaka , Nagayama Yasunori , Uetani Hiroyuki , Kaku Yasuyuki , Nagatomo Tatsuhiro , Tamura Yoshitaka , Yokogami Kiyotaka , Mukasa Akitake , Kiyosue Hiro , Azuma Minako , Hirai Toshinori 
Published: November 2024

Objective
Discriminating between hemorrhage and iodine extravasation can pose challenges in conventional computed tomography (CCT) images following preoperative embolization for meningioma. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in differentiating hemorrhage from iodine extravasation after preoperative embolization for meningioma.

Methods
Twenty-one consecutive meningioma patients who underwent CCT before and DECT immediately after preoperative embolization were included in this study. Two independent observers conducted qualitative assessments on CCT and virtual noncontrast (VNC) images and iodine maps (IMs) to differentiate between hemorrhage and iodine extravasation. One observer recorded CT values of hemorrhage and iodine extravasation on CCT and VNC images. The ratio of maximum attenuation to minimum attenuation on VNC images was defined as the VNC ratio. Statistical analysis included Kappa (κ) statistics, unpaired t tests, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
Interobserver agreement for qualitative assessment was fair (κ = 0.231) for CCT alone and good (κ = 0.723) for CCT plus VNC imaging and IM. The addition of VNC imaging and IM to CCT improved differential confidence in 16 (76%) and 18 (86%) cases of the two observers, respectively, increasing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) from 0.868 to 0.895 and 0.658 to 0.947, respectively. At a cutoff value of 1.527, the VNC ratio was significantly higher for hemorrhage than iodine extravasation (P < 0.05), with the highest diagnostic performance (AUROC, 1).

Conclusions
DECT with VNC imaging and IM is useful for differentiating hemorrhage from iodine extravasation in meningiomas with preoperative embolization.
Virtual Chest Radiographs Developed From Computed Tomography Images for Differentiating Central Venous Versus Misplaced Arterial Lines and for Training Radiologists
Authors: Morita Satoru , Inoue Akihiro , Kunihiro Yasuhiro , Ono Toshihiro , Endo Sota , Yamamoto Takahiro , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Bamba Yoshiko , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Sakai Shuji 
Published: November 2024

Objective
Radiographic findings to identify central venous catheter misplacement in the arteries, which can cause lethal complications, have not been fully evaluated, and its training is difficult because it is rare. The purpose of this study is to clarify radiographic findings for differentiating central venous and misplaced arterial lines using virtual chest radiographs and elucidate their usefulness in training radiologists.

Methods
This retrospective study included 150 patients (mean age, 67 [SD, ±12] years; 97 men) who underwent colon cancer surgery between January 2018 and December 2020. Virtual chest radiographs, including 6 oblique projections at 5° intervals, were developed from the computed tomography images using ray-sum reconstruction. Virtual venous and arterial lines were drawn from the right neck to the superior vena cava and aorta, respectively. Diagnostic abilities, including area under the curve (AUC) analysis of the 7 proposed radiographic findings for differentiating these lines in 100 patients, were evaluated. The diagnostic performance, including AUC analysis by 5 radiologists in the other 50 patients, was compared before and after disclosing these results to the radiologists.

Results
The findings of crossing over the right paratracheal stripe and running along the paracaval line showed the highest AUC for indicating arterial and venous lines in the frontal, right anterior oblique 15°, and left anterior oblique 15° projections (AUC = 0.992, 0.991, and 0.979, and 1.000, 0.994, and 0.998, respectively). The diagnostic performance of the radiologists improved after informing them of these results (AUC, 0.982–0.999 to 0.993–1.000 [P = 0.145–1.000] for the frontal projections and 0.932–0.970 to 0.967–0.995 [P = 0.075–0.150] for the oblique projections).

Conclusions
Virtual chest radiographs created from computed tomography images were useful for clarifying radiographic findings for differentiating central venous and misplaced arterial lines and for training radiologists.
Caveolin-1 and Aquaporin-4 as Mediators of Fibrinogen-Driven Cerebrovascular Pathology in Hereditary Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Authors: Singh Vishal , Rochakim Nicholas , Ferraresso Francesca , Choudhury Arnab , Kastrup Christian J. , Ahn Hyung Jin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHereditary Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (HCAA) is a rare inherited form of CAA, characterized by increased vascular deposits of amyloid peptides. HCAA provides a unique opportunity to study the pathogenic mechanisms linked to CAA, as it is associated with severe cerebrovascular pathology. Some of HCAA-associated amyloid-β (Aβ) mutations significantly enhance the interaction between fibrinogen and Aβ, resulting in altered fibrin structure and co-deposition with Aβ in the perivascular space. However, the mechanisms underlying perivascular fibrinogen deposition and the associated cerebrovascular pathology in HCAA remain unclear. To investigate this, we analyzed TgSwDI transgenic mice carrying HCAA-associated mutations and observed a significant age-dependent increase in fibrin(ogen) extravasation and fibrin(ogen)-Aβ colocalization in the perivascular space. Moreover, Caveolin-1, a protein involved in non-specific transcytosis across the endothelium, significantly increased with age in TgSwDI mice and correlated with fibrin(ogen) extravasation. Additionally, we noted significant aquaporin-4 (AQP4) depolarization in the CAA-laden blood vessels of TgSwDI mice, which also correlated with fibrin(ogen) extravasation and fibrin(ogen)-Aβ colocalization. Given that AQP4 plays a crucial role in Aβ clearance via the glymphatic pathway, its depolarization may disrupt this critical clearance mechanism, thereby exacerbating CAA pathology. To further explore the relationship between fibrin(ogen) and these factors, we depleted fibrinogen in TgSwDI mice using siRNA against fibrinogen. This intervention resulted in decreased CAA, reduced caveolin-1 levels, attenuated microglial activation, restored polarized expression of AQP4, and improved spatial memory in fibrinogen-depleted TgSwDI mice. These findings suggest that targeting fibrinogen could be a promising strategy for mitigating CAA pathology and its associated cerebrovascular pathology.Significance StatementOur study reveals the mechanism by which fibrin(ogen)-Aβ colocalization could exacerbates CAA pathology. Our findings highlight that the age-dependent increase of endothelial caveolin-1 could facilitate fibrin(ogen) extravasation, which binds with Aβ in the perivascular space inducing microglial neuroinflammation and AQP4 depolarization, thus exacerbating CAA pathology. Furthermore, fibrinogen depletion could mitigate CAA severity, reduce microglial activation, restore AQP4 polarization and memory impairment. These results suggest that targeting fibrinogen and caveolin-1-mediated transcytosis may offer new strategies to address CAA-associated cerebrovascular pathology.
Beyond the Surface: Deep TMS Efficacy in Reducing Craving in Addictive Disorders. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: del Mauro Lilia , Vergallito Alessandra , Devoto Francantonio , Locatelli Gaia , Hassan Gabriel , Romero Lauro Leonor J 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSubstance use disorders (SUDs) and Gambling Disorder (GD) are addictive disorders with a chronic course. Given the limited efficacy of conventional treatments, there is increasing interest in alternative strategies targeting the altered neural circuits associated with the disease. In this context, deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) has emerged as a novel neuromodulation technique capable of reaching deep brain regions. However, no definite recommendation for its use in addiction treatment exists. This study systematically reviewed and quantitatively analyzed dTMS effects in SUDs and GD populations.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA guidelines, we screened four electronic databases up to February 2024 and selected relevant English-written original research articles. 17 papers were included in the systematic review. As only a minority of studies employed a sham-controlled design, we ran the meta-analysis on a subset of 12 studies, computing the pre-post real stimulation standardized mean change (SMCC) as the effect size, using self-reported craving scores as the dependent variable.ResultsThe results showed a significant and large effect of active dTMS in reducing craving scores (SMCC = - 1.26, 95% CI [-1.67, - 0.86],p<.001). High heterogeneity at both quantitative and qualitative levels across studies was found, with research focusing on different types of SUDs and only one study on gambling behaviors.ConclusionsResults provide initial evidence of the feasibility of dTMS for SUDs care. However, further comprehensive research is needed to unveil several methodological challenges. The limitations of the available literature and future research directions are critically discussed.