bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preclinical alveolar ridge preservation using small‐sized particles of bone replacement graft in combination with a gelatin cryogel scaffold
Authors: Chang Po‐Chun , Chang Hao‐Chieh , Lin Tzu‐Chiao , Tai Wei‐Chiu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundParticulate anorganic bovine bone matrix (ABBM) is extensively used for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). This study evaluates the potential of ABBM/gelatin cryogel scaffold of regular (250 to 1,000 μm) and small (50 to 100 μm) particles for ARP.MethodsABBM was either condensed in a gypsum ring to simulate filling of ABBM in a defect or incorporated into a gelatin cryogel scaffold to disperse ABBM. Condensed regular‐sized or small‐sized ABBM (rABBM or sABBM) (± bone morphogenetic protein [BMP]‐2) were subcutaneously implanted in rats to evaluate biocompatibility and osteogenic potential. Experimental extraction sockets were surgically created on the maxillary ridges of rats and were unfilled (control), filled with rABBM/gelatin, or sABBM/gelatin cryogel scaffold. The socket fill and dimensional changes of the ridge were evaluated by microcomputed tomography imaging and histology.ResultsCondensed sABBM showed acceptable biocompatibility but significantly lower interparticle distance (IPD) and porosity (P < 0.001) compared with rABBM, whereas rABBM/gelatin and sABBM/gelatin cryogel scaffold showed similar IPD and porosity. Osteogenesis took place in rABBM/gelatin and sABBM/gelatin‐treated extraction sockets showed osteogenesis at 8 weeks and had increased ridge width and reduced ridge discrepancy compared with the control sites. sABBM/gelatin scaffold significantly increased socket fill and reduced ridge discrepancy at 4 weeks, increased ridge width at 8 weeks, and reduced buccal ridge height resorption at both 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsOsteoconductivity was suppressed in condensed sABBM, even after adding BMP‐2. By dispersing sABBM in a gelatin cryogel scaffold, sABBM/gelatin showed a greater potential in promoting socket fill, reducing buccal ridge atrophy, and providing equivalent ridge stability compared with rABBM/gelatin.
How does land management contribute to the resilience of Mediterranean forests and rangelands? A participatory assessment
Authors: Jucker Riva Matteo , Baeza Jaime , Bautista Susana , Christoforou Michalakis , Daliakopoulos Ioannis N. , Hadjimitsis Diofantos , Keizer Jan Jacob , Liniger Hanspeter , Quaranta Giovanni , Ribeiro Cristina , Salvia Rosanna , Tsanis Ioannis K. , Urgeghe Anna M. , Valdecantos Alejandro , Schwilch Gudrun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn Mediterranean forests and rangelands, the supply of important ecosystem services can decrease or cease as a consequence of disturbances and climatic oscillations. Land managers can sometimes prevent or mitigate the negative effects of disturbances through appropriate land management choices. In this study, we assess the contribution of land management practices (LMPs) to the resilience of eight Mediterranean forests and rangelands to multiple disturbances. The study uses a transdisciplinary approach, involving scientists, land managers, and local administrators. Data about disturbances, ecosystem services, the role of LMPs, and the resistance of LMPs to disturbances are combined using a semiquantitative index and analysed to evaluate how the LMPs implemented are suited to the disturbances affecting each study site. Our results indicate that the practices analysed are particularly effective in improving resilience of ecosystems against wildfires and torrential rainfalls. However, droughts are more difficult to address, and the examined practices were heavily affected by their occurrence. Tree planting appears to be highly affected by disturbances. Practices that selectively reduce the amount of vegetation appear to be beneficial in fostering recovery of ecosystems. Our assessment also suggests that it is particularly difficult to increase resilience to droughts and fires simultaneously. Practices that aimed to mitigate the impact of land use did not always prove valuable in terms of resilience. Finally, study sites that included efforts to address disturbances in their management objectives also displayed practices making the biggest contribution to resilience.
Foot measures in patients with pes cavus with and without charcot–marie–tooth disease: A pilot study
Authors: Stino Amro M. , Atway Said , Anthony Michael , Kline David , Kissel John T. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionPes cavus often signals the presence of Charcot–Marie‐Tooth (CMT) in adult patients, although its prevalence in the general population makes it a finding of unclear significance.MethodsWe undertook a pilot double cohort study to investigate the feasibility of comparing preselected bedside and radiographic foot measures in pes cavus patients with and without CMT.ResultsA total of 16 CMT and 11 non‐CMT patients were recruited. Although no findings consistently met statistical significance, recruitment was highly limiting.ConclusionsFormalized foot measurement comparisons of CMT and non‐CMT pes cavus are feasible. Larger studies will be necessary to determine if there are differences in foot structure based on the presence of a hereditary neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 59:122–125, 2019
A genome‐wide analysis of colorectal cancer in a child with Noonan syndrome
Authors: Prasad Rahul M. , Mody Rajen J. , Myers George , Mullins Melisa , Naji Zaher , Geiger James D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNoonan syndrome (NS) is a developmental syndrome caused by germline mutations in the Ras signaling pathway. No association has been shown between NS and pediatric colorectal cancer (CRC). We report the case of CRC in a pediatric patient with NS. The patient underwent whole genome sequencing. A germline SOS1 mutation c.1310T>C (p. Ile437Thr) confirmed NS diagnosis. No known hereditary cancer syndromes were identified. Tumor analysis revealed two mutations: a TP53 missense mutation c.481G>A (p. Ala161Tyr) and NCOR1 nonsense mutation c.6052C>T (p. Arg2018*). This report highlights the complexity of Ras signaling and the interplay between developmental syndromes and cancer.
Reactive Plasticizers Covalently Linked to Glycidyl Azide Polymer via Catalyst‐Free Huisgen Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition
Authors: Fareghi‐Alamdari Reza , Jafari Najmeh , Shahidzadeh Mansour , Zekri Negar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReactive plasticizers (RPs) used in glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) were studied. These compounds consisted of an activated terminal alkyne group expected to give rise to Huisgen azide‐alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, which couldprevent the migration of plasticizers. FTIR, 13C and 1H NMR analyses were implemented to confirm that the connection was made properly. The properties GAP/RPs were investigated by DSC analyses, a viscometer, and heat of combustion. The RPs could effectively reduce the viscosity of the GAP from 5.5 Pa.s to 2.5 and 3.8 Pa.s when 40 % (w/w) of the reactive plasticizers are respectively added. Also, the glass transition temperature of GAP reduced from (−38) °C to −41 and −47.7 °C. The heats of combustion were measured by a calorimetric method. A significant difference in the heats of combustion was observed between the reactive plasticizers and reactive energetic plasticizers (from 17.31 kJ/g to 21.42 kJ/g).
A group‐based, individualized physiotherapy intervention for people with multiple sclerosis—A qualitative study
Authors: Lahelle Andreas Falck , Øberg Gunn Kristin , Normann Britt 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and purposeGroup‐based interventions for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) have gained increased attention in the field of physiotherapy research. However, no studies have investigated whether or how the prevailing principle of individualization is embedded in such interventions. The purpose of this study was to investigate how professional actions and interactions affect individualized exercise adaptations in a group intervention for people with MS.MethodsThis study had a qualitative design and investigated and analysed the actions and interactions of six different physiotherapists (PTs) with expertise in neurology and 40 patients (27 female and 13 male, mean age 52.2 years, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale 2.45) in a group‐based exercise intervention (GroupCoreDIST) for people with MS. We performed nonparticipatory video observations of 13 group exercise sessions, each consisting of three patients, followed by 13 semistructured in‐depth interviews with the PTs. Systematic text condensation analysis was conducted within an enactive theoretical framework.ResultsThe results of our study indicated that the extent of embodied interaction and patient participation affect the possibilities and challenges regarding individualization within a group intervention. Handling, facilitation, emphasis on movement quality, and PTs who invited their patients to play an active role in the encounter enriched the reasoning and decision‐making processes and yielded opportunities to adapt exercises to the specific patient's impairments. However, the combination of individuality and collectivity within a group context brings forth challenges in which the PTs are obligated to both preserve the benefits of being in a group and simultaneously attend to individual patients.ConclusionsOur study indicates that despite challenges, the PTs' integration of embodied interaction and mutual participation enables the patients to concurrently benefit from individualization and being in a group. These findings contribute to the question regarding the significance of individual adaptations in group interventions and point toward a need for future effect studies that compare standardized and individualized exercise protocols.
Enhancing RNAi by using concatemerized double‐stranded RNA
Authors: Sharath Chandra Gaddelapati , Asokan Ramaswamy , Manamohan Maligeppagol , Krishna Kumar Nallur 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDRNA interference (RNAi) is a potential tool for functional characterization of genes and also in the management of insect pests. Accumulated literature reveals that the RNAi efficiency varies among insect species and is reported to be less efficient in lepidopteran insects.RESULTSWe attempted to enhance RNAi efficiency by concatemerizing short double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) sequence. Then the effectiveness of concatemerized dsRNAs (C‐dsRNAs) was compared with non‐concatemerized long dsRNA (NCL‐dsRNA) in silencing of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera), a major pest on cruciferous vegetables. Results revealed that the C‐dsRNAs enhanced the RNAi efficiency in terms of higher target gene silencing and consequently resulted in lower larval weight gain and higher mortality compared to the NCL‐dsRNA treatment. Even the lower concentration (0.5 µg) of C‐dsRNAs had a relatively similar effect to that of higher concentrations (2 µg) of NCL‐dsRNA. The enhanced RNAi efficiency with C‐dsRNAs was plausibly due to the higher expression of core RNAi pathway genes, Dicer‐2 and Argonaute‐2 (Ago‐2), which are known to govern the efficiency of RNAi.CONCLUSIONOverall, C‐dsRNA enhanced the RNAi activity over routinely used long dsRNA in P. xylostella and this strategy may be applied for effective management of insect pests. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Personal mobility and climate change
Authors: Barr Stewart 
Published: July 2018

Changing personal mobility behavior in response to climate change represents a major challenge for social scientists and practitioners, given the embedded nature of mobility in daily life. Attempts to understand, govern, and promote more sustainable mobility have tended to focus on individual decision making and incremental shifts in behavior, such as reduced car use and increased walking, cycling, and public transport use. Indeed, these are progressively being woven into narratives of “smart” travel and the use of technology to enhance individual decision making. In this review, I respond to these developments by arguing that researchers and practitioners need to reframe their understanding of personal mobility to consider how travel can also be understood as an embedded form of practice, intimately connected to historic, economic, and cultural influences. In so doing, I propose that researchers need to focus their attention on two major challenges that constitute underpinning obstacles for promoting long‐term shifts in personal mobility: the ways in which cities are governed, designed, and regulated to promote hypermobility rather than dwelling; and the formidable problem of reducing personal carbon emissions from a growing international tourism industry. In addressing these two challenges, I argue for a new intellectual agenda that places personal well‐being at the center of efforts to promote shifts toward low carbon mobility practices. Such (radical) shifts include reducing the demand for travel, an emphasis on dwelling, and the promotion of “active” travel and “slow tourism.” In short, I ask why we travel so much, and why we don't travel well.This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses
Circuit complexity for free fermions
Authors: Hackl Lucas , Myers Robert C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe study circuit complexity for free fermionic field theories and Gaussian states. Our definition of circuit complexity is based on the notion of geodesic distance on the Lie group of special orthogonal transformations equipped with a right-invariant metric. After analyzing the differences and similarities to bosonic circuit complexity, we develop a comprehensive mathematical framework to compute circuit complexity between arbitrary fermionic Gaussian states. We apply this framework to the free Dirac field in four dimensions where we compute the circuit complexity of the Dirac ground state with respect to several classes of spatially unentangled reference states. Moreover, we show that our methods can also be applied to compute the complexity of excited energy eigenstates of the free Dirac field. Finally, we discuss the relation of our results to alternative approaches based on the Fubini-Study metric, the relevance to holography and possible extensions.
Erbliche spastische Spinalparalysen: aktuelle Erkenntnisse und Entwicklungen
Authors: Beetz Christian , Khundadze Mukhran , Goldberg Lisa V. , Hübner Christian A. 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die erblichen spastischen Spinalparalysen („hereditary spastic paraplegias“, HSPs) sind Bewegungsstörungen, die aus der Degeneration der Axone oberer Motoneuronen resultieren. Sie sind klinisch und genetisch sehr heterogen. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel fasst aktuelle Strategien zur genetischen Diagnostik der HSPs zusammen, erörtert mögliche Mutationsmechanismen, diskutiert Erklärungen für die klinische Variabilität innerhalb ausgewählter Formen und verweist auf noch ungeklärte und zum Teil wenig beachtete Phänomene. Außerdem wird die Notwendigkeit eines tieferen Verständnisses der zellulären und molekularen Mechanismen für die Entwicklung neuer Therapien dargestellt.
A Systems Biology Approach for Studying Heterotopic Ossification: Proteomic Analysis of Clinical Serum and Tissue Samples
Authors: Crowgey Erin L. , Wyffels Jennifer T. , Osborn Patrick M. , Wood Thomas T. , Edsberg Laura E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the abnormal formation of bone in soft tissue. Although some of the underlying processes of HO have been described, there are currently no clinical tests using validated biomarkers for predicting HO formation. As such, the diagnosis is made radiographically after HO has formed. To identify potential and novel biomarkers for HO, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and high-throughput antibody arrays to produce a semi-quantitative proteomics survey of serum and tissue from subjects with (HO+) and without (HO−) heterotopic ossification. The resulting data were then analyzed using a systems biology approach. We found that serum samples from subjects experiencing traumatic injuries with resulting HO have a different proteomic expression profile compared to those from the matched controls. Subsequent quantitative ELISA identified five blood serum proteins that were differentially regulated between the HO+ and HO− groups. Compared to HO− samples, the amount of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) was up-regulated in HO+ samples, whereas a lower amount of osteopontin (OPN), myeloperoxidase (MPO), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and growth differentiation factor 2 or bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) was found in HO+ samples (Welch two sample t-test; P &lt; 0.05). These proteins, in combination with potential serum biomarkers previously reported, are key candidates for a serum diagnostic panel that may enable early detection of HO prior to radiographic and clinical manifestations.
Fatty oil from Securidaca inappendiculata exerted therapeutic effects on adjuvant‐induced arthritis in mice via suppression on fibroblast‐like synoviocyte
Authors: Jiang Hui , Ji Cong‐Lan , Yang Kui , Zhang Wen , Zuo Jian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSecuridaca inappendiculata Hassk. (SI) is a medicinal plant used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in South China. A substantial amount of fatty oil was isolated from SI (SIF), however little knowledge about its chemical composition and medicinal potentials was obtained. In this study, we analyzed its chemical composition with methyl esterification based GC–MS method, and investigated the therapeutic potentials on adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AA) in mice. MTT and western‐blot methods were employed to investigate its effects on proliferation rate and protein expressions in MH7A cells, respectively. It was revealed SIF was mainly comprised of saturated and monosaturated fatty acids, and the two predominant compounds were palmitic acid (36.89%) and oleic acid (31.12%). Treatment with SIF at 100 mg/kg resulted in significant alleviation of AA severity in mice, together with reduced synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltration in joints, and decreased levels of sialic acid, malondialdehyde and alkaline phosphatase in serum. Results from immunohistochemical assays hinted the protective effects of SIF on joints were associated to the inhibition on production of some pathological factors in synovium, including IL‐1β, TNF‐α and MMP‐9. SIF inhibited the proliferation of MH7A cells in a concentration dependent manner, and abrogated phosphorylation of p65 in vitro. These evidences collectively suggested SIF could suppress the pathological functions of fibroblast‐like synoviocyte, and protect joints from destruction under AA conditions.
Immediate Effects of Counterforce Forearm Brace on Grip Strength and Wrist Extension Force in Patients with Lateral Epicondylosis
Authors: Shamsoddini Alireza , Hollisaz Mohammad Taghi , Hafezi Rahmatollah , Amanellahi Asadollah 
Published: July 2018

Objective Although the effectiveness of counterforce braces has been reported in patients with lateral epicondylosis over the elbow, its immediate effect is limited. This research was to study the immediate effects of counterforce forearm brace on grip strength and wrist extension force in patients. Methods Fifteen patients (9 women and 6 men) with lateral epicondylosis (M ± SD, 8.1 ± 1.1 weeks) on their dominant arm participated in this study. We tested grip strength, wrist extension muscle force and range of motion (ROM) wrist extension immediately after application of counterforce forearm brace in the affected and unaffected arms. Results Among the variables, significant differences were found in grip strength (p =.02) and wrist extension muscle force (p =.001), but changes in ROM of wrist extension were not statistically significant (p = .98). Conclusion Using the counterforce forearm brace increased the rate of grip strength and wrist extension muscle force in patients with lateral epicondylosis. However, our findings did not support the use of the counterforce brace in increasing ROM in wrist extension.
A Psychometric Study of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (Mohost)
Authors: Kielhofner Gary , Fan Chia-Wei , Morley Mary , Garnham Mike , Heasman David , Forsyth Kirsty , Lee Sun Wook , Taylor Renée R. 
Published: July 2018

Objective This study examined the psychometric properties of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST) using item response theory and classical test theory approaches for clients with psychiatric disorders. Methods Data, including demographic variables and scores on the MOHOST and a version of the Health of the Nation Outcomes Scale, were retrieved from case records of 1039 adult psychiatric service users. Results Participants ranged in age from 18 to 102 and 57% were female and 43% were male. Most (94%) were unemployed, retired, or receiving other education or training. The items that make up each of the MOHOST subscales demonstrated good discriminant validity and excellent goodness of fit showing that the items measured the MOHO constructs unidimensionally. All subscales were able to distinguish clients into at least three statistically distinct strata and showed convergence with an independent measure of functioning. Conclusion Findings from this study must take into account implicit limitations associated with the use of Rasch analysis and classical test theory. At the same time, results did support use of the MOHOST for research and clinical purposes. The MOHOST demonstrated good construct validity, item separation reliability, and concurrent validity. As a measure of occupational participation, the MOHOST offers practitioners and researchers a valid and reliable measure of volition, habituation, communication/interaction skills, process skills, motor skills, and environmental influences on participation.
Evaluation of a Horticultural Activity Programme for Persons with Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Kam Michael C.Y. , Siu Andrew M.H. 
Published: July 2018

Objective To investigate the effect of applying horticulture activity on stress, work performance and quality of life in persons with psychiatric illness. Methods This study was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Using convenience sampling, 24 participants with psychiatric illness were recruited to participate in a horticultural programme and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Two participants dropped out from experimental groups after assignment. Ten participants in the experimental group attended 10 horticultural sessions within 2 weeks, while 12 participants in the control group continued to receive conventional sheltered workshop training. Participants were assessed before and after programme using Chinese version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21) and the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI-C), and the Work Behavior Assessment. Results There was a significant difference in change scores of the DASS21 (p=.01) between experimental and control group. There were no significant differences in change scores of the PWI-C between the two groups. Conclusion Horticultural therapy is effective in decreasing the levels of anxiety, depression and stress among participants in this pilot study, but the impact of the programme on work behavior and quality of life will need further exploration.