bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guaranteed in‐control performance of the EWMA chart for monitoring the mean
Authors: Diko Mandla D. , Chakraborti Subha , Does Ronald J.M.M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractResearch on the performance evaluation and the design of the Phase II EWMA control chart for monitoring the mean, when parameters are estimated, have mainly focused on the marginal in‐control average run‐length (ARLIN). Recent research has highlighted the high variability in the in‐control performance of these charts. This has led to the recommendation of studying of the conditional in‐control average run‐length (CARLIN) distribution. We study the performance and the design of the Phase II EWMA chart for the mean, using the CARLIN distribution and the exceedance probability criterion (EPC). The CARLIN distribution is approximated by the Markov Chain method and Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that in‐order to design charts that guarantee a specified EPC, more Phase I data are needed than previously recommended in the literature. A method for adjusting the Phase II EWMA control chart limits, to achieve a specified EPC, for the available amount of data at hand, is presented. This method does not involve bootstrapping and produces results that are about the same as some existing results. Tables and graphs of the adjusted constants are provided. An in‐control and out‐of‐control performance evaluation of the adjusted limits EWMA chart is presented. Results show that, for moderate to large shifts, the performance of the adjusted limits EWMA chart is quite satisfactory. For small shifts, an in‐control and out‐of‐control performance tradeoff can be made to improve performance.
Sliding mode output‐feedback causal output tracking for a class of discrete‐time nonlinear systems
Authors: Ruiz‐Duarte Jorge E. , Loukianov Alexander G. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe output tracking (OT) of arbitrary references in discrete‐time (DT) nonlinear systems is addressed by designing an output‐feedback control. A set of difference‐algebraic equations is proposed as an exact solution of the problem. Using a novel technique of approximating DT functions, the system disturbance and steady states, characterized by tracking error identically zero, for both the system state and the control input, are represented as signals generated by a disturbed dynamic system. Using the mentioned dynamics, the control system is extended. Then, a state observer is proposed to estimate the resulting extended system state. Finally, a DT sliding mode controller is designed to achieve the approximate OT. Simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
The three Rs of river ecosystem resilience: Resources, recruitment, and refugia
Authors: Van Looy Kris , Tonkin Jonathan D. , Floury Mathieu , Leigh Catherine , Soininen Janne , Larsen Stefano , Heino Jani , LeRoy Poff N. , Delong Michael , Jähnig Sonja C. , Datry Thibault , Bonada Núria , Rosebery Juliette , Jamoneau Aurélien , Ormerod Steve J. , Collier Kevin J. , Wolter Christian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractResilience in river ecosystems requires that organisms must persist in the face of highly dynamic hydrological and geomorphological variations. Disturbance events such as floods and droughts are postulated to shape life history traits that support resilience, but river management and conservation would benefit from greater understanding of the emergent effects in communities of river organisms.We unify current knowledge of taxonomic‐, phylogenetic‐, and trait‐based aspects of river communities that might aid the identification and quantification of resilience mechanisms. Temporal variations in river productivity, physical connectivity, and environmental heterogeneity resulting from floods and droughts are highlighted as key characteristics that promote resilience in these dynamic ecosystems.Three community‐wide mechanisms that underlie resilience are (a) partitioning (competition/facilitation) of dynamically varying resources, (b) dispersal, recolonization, and recruitment promoted by connectivity, and (c) functional redundancy in communities promoted by resource heterogeneity and refugia. Along with taxonomic and phylogenetic identity, biological traits related to feeding specialization, dispersal ability, and habitat specialization mediate organism responses to disturbance. Measures of these factors might also enable assessment of the relative contributions of different mechanisms to community resilience.Interactions between abiotic drivers and biotic aspects of resource use, dispersal, and persistence have clear implications for river conservation and management. To support these management needs, we propose a set of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and life‐history trait metrics that might be used to measure resilience mechanisms. By identifying such indicators, our proposed framework can enable targeted management strategies to adapt river ecosystems to global change.
A review on the contribution of crop diversification to Sustainable Development Goal 1 “No poverty” in different world regions
Authors: Feliciano Diana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCrop diversification is one of the most cost‐effective way of reducing uncertainties in farmer's income, especially among poor smallholder farmers. However, poverty is a complex concept, which includes more dimensions than only income. This review investigates the contribution of crop diversification to Sustainable Development Goal 1(SDG1) “No poverty” by also considering other dimensions of poverty, namely gender equality, food security and nutrition, and vulnerability to climate change. It demonstrates that the contribution of crop diversification to food security and nutrition, gender equality, and reduction of poor farmers' vulnerability to climate change has not been properly researched. Several factors across the studies analysed were found to influence the implementation of crop diversification, but these were hardly connected to poverty reduction. New research and policy impact evaluation methods that follow a sustainability approach perspective to poverty need to be undertaken in order to assess the contribution of crop diversification to SDG1.
Green IT and sustainable technology development: Bibliometric overview
Authors: García‐Berná José A. , Fernández‐Alemán José L. , Carrillo de Gea Juan M. , Nicolás Joaquín , Moros Begoña , Toval Ambrosio , Mancebo Javier , García Félix , Calero Coral 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGreen information technologies (GITs) constitute a field of research, whose objective is to reduce the environmental pollution caused by masses of people using and producing technology. This paper describes the search for literature related to GIT and technology sustainability in Scopus database. No restriction was imposed on the time period when carrying out the search. The data gathered revealed that the journal with the highest number of publications is Computer, and the most prolific author is Tomoya Enokido, with 45 publications. A total of 53.12% of the documents found in Scopus were Conference Paper. Although no statistically significant differences were detected, countries in the group with less CO2 kton emissions per inhabitant and less income per capita have a higher percentage of publications. The reduction of power consumption in the cloud data centers is a hot topic for future work, because the word cloud appeared in 9 out of the 10 most frequently cited papers.
Effect of Unsymmetrically Branched Alkyl Chains on the Electrochemical Band Gap and Thermal Stability of the PCDTBT
Authors: Tan Shu Er , Anuar Farah Hannan , Sarkar  , Rahman  , Sarjadi Mohd Sani 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis work introduces a modified poly[N‐9’‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4’,7’‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2’,1’,3’‐benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) with the unsymmetrically branched N‐alkyl chain, which name as poly[N‐9’‐(2‐hexyldecyl)‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4’,7’‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2’,1’,3’‐benzothiadiazole)] (P1). The synthesis of P1 involves dimerization, cyclization, tosylation, N‐alkylation, bromination, Stille's and Suzuki's coupling reactions. Suitable analysis techniques have used to study the chemical, physical, electrochemical, optical, and thermal properties of P1. The analysis results show that P1 possesses higher HOMO and LUMO energy levels than the previously reported PCDTBT, which have been narrowing the electrochemical band gap down to 1.58 eV. However, the P1 experiences 5% thermal degradation at 280 °C, which is relatively less favourable than the PCDTBT. Hence, the replacement of the symmetrically branched alkyl chains of PCDTBT with unsymmetrically branched alkyl chains results in both improvement and drawback on the characteristics of the polymer.
Polyethyleneimine Nanofibers Functionalized with Tetradentate Schiff Base Complexes of Dioxomolybdenum(VI) as Efficient Catalysts for Epoxidation of Alkenes
Authors: Foumani Mahdi Mojallali , Khorshidi Alireza , Shojaei Abdollah Fallah 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThree tetradentate Schiff base ligands (H2L1‐3) were prepared from the reaction of 5‐sustituted‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehydes and 3,4‐diaminobenzoic acid. The obtained ligands were reacted with molybdenyl acetylacetonate in ethanol to prepare the corresponding dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes (MoO2L1‐3) in good yields (80‐82%). Immobilization of the abovementioned complexes on polyethyleneimine (PEI) was achieved via condensation of carboxylic functional groups of the complex with amine functional groups of the polymer in presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). The obtained hybrid materials were then converted to electrospun nanofibers and used as recyclable catalysts for the epoxidation of alkenes.
Exploration of Antioxidant Activities of Potentially Bioactive Compounds in Trianthema portulacastrum Herb: Chemical Identification and Quantification by GC‐MS and HPLC
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Sirajuddin Muhammad , Iqbal Shahid , Tariq Muhammad I. , Ahmad Muhammad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTrianhtema portulacastrum (T. portulacastrum) herb is used for therapy of different diseases. The possibility of obtaining bioactive compounds from Pakistani T. portulacastrum herb using soxhlet extraction technique and identification with GC‐MS is shown for the first time here. Maximum yield of 20.33% of biologically active compounds extracts was obtained with 70% EtOH from T. Portulacastrum herb. Different esterifying agents ethanol, n‐butanol and mixture of reagent (BSTFA:TMCS in 50:50) were used for the derivatization of the extract. In GC‐MS analysis of 70% ethanolic extract of T. portulacastrum, 11 compounds were identified in dried powdered extracts after derivatization. Similarly, in HPLC analysis 5 compounds were identified in dried powdered extracts of T. portulacastrum herb. In the present work we have explored the antioxidant potentials of biologically active compounds present in Pakistani T. portulacastrum using GC‐MS and HPLC technique for their chemical identification and quantification.
MOFs‐Assisting Synthesis 3D Ni12P5 Catalyst for Hydrodechlorination of Trichloroethylene
Authors: Yuan Guojun , Bai Jianliang , Lu Shaoxiang , Ren Lili , Gao Bingying , Mei Jing , Ma Yusha , Chen Xu , Zhang Lu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe reported a new method for producing the 3D Ni12P5 catalyst. Four regular morphology metal chelates (Ni‐x) were synthesized by nickel nitrate reacting with different metal organic frameworks (MOFs). The 3D materials (Ni−P‐x) were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction with red phosphorus. The phase transition and the morphology change of Ni12P5 compounds were investigated via X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Moreover, compared with the unmodified catalyst, the catalyst modified with MOFs shows better catalytic activity for hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE). The activity of the catalyst improved after calcination at N2 atmosphere.
Viscosities and Conductivities of Binary Mixtures of 4‐(Diethoxyphosphoryl)butyl Triphenylphosphonium Hexafluorophosphate with Organic Solvents
Authors: Zhao Chuanli , Zhang Gongjun , Ge Jiawen , Wang Binbin , Liang Hongze , Yan Yinghua , Zhao Lingling 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this work, a phosphonate‐functionalized ionic liquid, 4‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)butyl triphenylphosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PFIL) has been synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR and HRMS spectra. The viscosities (η) and conductivities (κ) of three binary mixtures of PFIL with acetonitrile (ACN), N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively, were investigated in the temperature range from 293.15 to 343.15 K at atmospheric pressure. Solid PFIL dissolves in all these polar solvents within the concentrations studied (mole fraction of PFIL from 0.01 to 0.14). The experimental studies indicate that the viscosities of the three binary mixtures decrease in the following order: [PFIL(1) + DMSO(2)] > [PFIL(1) + DMF(2)] > [PFIL(1) + ACN(2)], while as expected, the conductivities increase in the following order: [PFIL(1) + ACN(2)]>[PFIL(1) + DMF(2)]>[PFIL(1) + DMSO(2)]. The conductivities as a function of temperature have been well correlated by Vogel‐Fulcher‐Tammann (VFT) and Arrhenius equations, while viscosities can be better fitted by using VFT equation. The dependence of conductivity on concentration for the studied systems is well represented by Casteel‐Amis equation.
A Green Synthesis of N,N‐ and N,O‐Heterocycles Using a Recyclable Catalyst in a Bio‐Based Solvent
Authors: Tran Chau B. , To Tuong A. , Vo Yen H. , Do Tuong T. L. , Nguyen Qui T. P. , Nguyen Anh T. , Nguyen Tung T. , Phan Nam T. S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA plethora of heterocycle syntheses relies on the use of nonreusable metal complexes and/or toxic solvents. We report here a benign method for synthesis of five‐ or six‐membered N,N/N,O heterocycles via a coupling of 2‐aminobenzyl amine/alcohols or 1,2‐phenylene diamines with aldehydes. Reactions proceed in the presence of Cu2(OBA)2bpy (OBA=oxy‐4,4’‐bisbenzoate, bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine) catalyst and biodegradable diethyl carbonate solvent. The copper material is truly heterogeneous and reusable, up to 5 times, without a prominent loss of activity. The reaction conditions are compatible with many functionalities such as halogens, olefin, and alkyne groups. To the best of our knowledge, combining such a recyclable solid catalyst and a bio‐related solvent for the mild synthesis of N‐heterocycles is still unknown in the literature.
Enhanced Photocarrier Generation with Selectable Wavelengths by M‐Decorated‐CuInS2 Nanocrystals (M = Au and Pt) Synthesized in a Single Surfactant Process on MoS2 Bilayers
Authors: Tang Shin‐Yi , Medina Henry , Yen Yu‐Ting , Chen Chia‐Wei , Yang Tzu‐Yi , Wei Kung‐Hwa , Chueh Yu‐Lun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA facile approach for the synthesis of Au‐ and Pt‐decorated CuInS2 nanocrystals (CIS NCs) as sensitizer materials on the top of MoS2 bilayers is demonstrated. A single surfactant (oleylamine) is used to prepare such heterostructured noble metal decorated CIS NCs from the pristine CIS. Such a feasible way to synthesize heterostructured noble metal decorated CIS NCs from the single surfactant can stimulate the development of the functionalized heterostructured NCs in large scale for practical applications such as solar cells and photodetectors. Photodetectors based on MoS2 bilayers with the synthesized nanocrystals display enhanced photocurrent, almost 20–40 times higher responsivity and the On/Off ratio is enlarged one order of magnitude compared with the pristine MoS2 bilayers‐based photodetectors. Remarkably, by using Pt‐ or Au‐decorated CIS NCs, the photocurrent enhancement of MoS2 photodetectors can be tuned between blue (405 nm) to green (532 nm). The strategy described here acts as a perspective to significantly improve the performance of MoS2‐based photodetectors with the controllable absorption wavelengths in the visible light range, showing the feasibility of the possible color detection.
Nanostructuring Confinement for Controllable Interfacial Charge Transfer
Authors: Qiao Wei , Tao Hua Bing , Liu Bin , Chen Jiazang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCarbon nanostructures supported semiconductors are common in photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical applications, as it is expected that the nanoconductors can improve the spatial separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers. Transfer of charge carriers through the carbon‐semiconductor interface is the key electronic process, which determines the role of charge separation channels, and is sensitively influenced by band structures of the semiconductor near the contacts. Usually, this electronic process suffers from excessive energy dissipation by thermionic emission, which will undesirably prevent the interfacial charge transfer and eventually aggravate the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Unfortunately, this critical issue has hardly been consciously considered. Here, ultrathin dopant‐free tunneling interlayers coated on the surface of graphene and sandwiched between the carbon sheets and the semiconductor nanostructures are adopted as a model system to demonstrate energy saving for the interfacial charge transfer. The nanostructuring confinement of band bending within the ultrathin interlayers in contact with the graphene sheets effectively narrows the width of the potential barriers, which enables tunneling of a substantial number of photogenerated electrons to the co‐catalysts without unduly consuming energy. Besides, the dopant‐free tunneling interlayers simultaneously block the transferred electrons in the sandwiched graphene sheets from leakage.
N,P Co‐Coordinated Manganese Atoms in Mesoporous Carbon for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Amal Rose , Lu Xunyu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe increasing interest in fuel cell technology encourages the development of efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts to replace the Pt based materials for catalyzing the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In the present work, a nitrogen and phosphorus co‐coordinated manganese atom embedded mesoporous carbon composite (MnNPC‐900) is successfully prepared via a polymerization of o‐phenylenediamine followed by calcination at 900 °C. The MnNPC‐900 composite shows a high ORR activity in alkaline media, offering an onset potential of 0.97 V, and a half‐wave potential of 0.84 V (both vs reversible hydrogen electrode) with a loading of 0.4 mg cm−2. This performance not only exceeds its phosphorus‐free counterpart (MnNC‐900), but also is comparable to the Pt/C catalyst under identical measuring conditions. The significantly enhanced ORR performance of MnNPC‐900 can be ascribed to: i) the introduction of phosphorus assists the generation of mesopores during the pyrolysis and endows the MnNPC‐900 composite with large surface area and pore volume, thus facilitating the mass transfer process and increases the number of exposed active sites. ii) The formation of N,P co‐coordinated atomic‐scale Mn sites (MnNxPy), which modifies the electronic configuration of the Mn atoms and thereby boosts the ORR catalytic activity.
TiO2 and Co Nanoparticle‐Decorated Carbon Polyhedra as Efficient Sulfur Host for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Ruiqing , Liu Zhiwei , Liu Wenhui , Liu Yuejiao , Lin Xiujing , Li Yi , Li Pan , Huang Zhendong , Feng Xiaomiao , Yu Leshu , Wang Dan , Ma Yanwen , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMetal organic frameworks (MOFs)‐derived porous carbon is proposed as a promising candidate to develop novel, tailorable structures as polysulfides immobilizers for lithium–sulfur batteries because of their high‐efficiency electron conductive networks, open ion channels, and abundant central ions that can store a large amount of sulfur and trap the easily soluble polysulfides. However, most central ions in MOFs‐derived carbon framework are encapsulated in the carbon matrix so that their exposures as active sites to adsorb polysulfides are limited. To resolve this issue, highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles are anchored into the cobalt‐containing carbon polyhedras that are converted from ZIF‐67. Such a type of TiO2 and Co nanoparticles‐decorated carbon polyhedras (CCo/TiO2) provide more exposed active sites and much stronger chemical trapping for polysulfides, hence improving the sulfur utilization and enhancing reaction kinetics of sulfur‐containing cathode simultaneously. The sulfur‐containing carbon polyhedras decorated with TiO2 nanoparticles (S@CCo/TiO2) show a significantly improved cycling stability and rate capability, and deliver a discharge capacity of 32.9% higher than that of TiO2‐free S@CCo cathode at 837.5 mA g−1 after 200 cycles.
Effect of the torsional stiffness of closed‐section stiffeners on plate buckling in Eurocode 3, Part 1‐5
Authors: Martin Pierre‐Olivier , Nguyen Tien Minh , Davaine Laurence 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLongitudinally stiffened plates are commonly used to increase the resistance to plate buckling. Closed cross‐section stiffeners provide high values of the torsional stiffness and thus are very efficient to avoid their premature lateral torsional buckling. With the current software tools, it is easy to assess the critical stress for the elastic global mode, taking into account the beneficial effect of these high values of torsional stiffness for stiffeners with closed cross‐sections. However, the torsional stiffness of longitudinal stiffeners is not considered in the analytical formula proposed by Annex A of EN 1993‐1‐5 for the assessment of the global buckling critical stress. A study is presented here where the effect of the torsional stiffness of longitudinal stiffeners on the plate buckling criterion of EN 1993‐1‐5 has been analysed. 216 configurations of stiffened plates were calculated through finite element GMNIA non linear analyses. Their compressive strength thus obtained were compared to their resistance to plate buckling as predicted by EN 1993‐1‐5, either by considering their torsional stiffness with EBPlate software or by completely ignoring it. The study clearly shows that EN 1993‐1‐5 leads to unsafe results when the torsional stiffness is taken into account in the calculations. Finally, it is concluded that the torsional stiffness of longitudinal stiffeners has to be ignored in the design of stiffened plates according to EN 1993‐1‐5.
Distortional buckling of X‐joints made of square hollow cross‐section beams: theoretical energy‐based model
Authors: Björk Timo , Ahola Antti , Tuominen Niko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCurrent design codes do not consider distortional buckling failure modes, which can occur in the chord member of a tubular X‐joint loaded axially by brace members. In this study the critical load for distortional buckling is established based on the energy method and a beam on elastic foundation (BEF) approach. In the theoretical model the capacity is created by elastic bending of the chord faces in their own planes and elastic bending of the cross‐section as a frame structure. The theoretical capacity of an X‐joint is compared with numerical results obtained from finite element analyses (FEAs). Some discrepancy was found between theoretical model and numerical analysis, with the theoretical model slightly underestimating the load‐carrying capacity. Experimental tests show that an X‐joint can be prone to distortional buckling failure mode. However, detailed scrutiny of distortional buckling failure in X‐joints is only legitimate for joints made of high‐strength steel (HSS), because other failure mechanisms are more critical when conventional steels are used. Nevertheless, designers of X‐joints with rectangular hollow section (RHS) members should be aware of this potential failure mode.