bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire Protection Systems functional safety requirements in performance-based design: proposed workflow and a simple case application
Authors: Fiorentini Luca , Cancelliere Piergiacomo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
According to the Italian Fire Code DM 03/08/2015 (IFC), the performance-based design with the Fire Safety Engineering (FSE) approach can be used whenever the deemed to satisfy solution cannot be put in place. When using FSE approach in an alternative solution, it is mandatory to demonstrate that, starting from a given fire risk level, the level of performance of the safety measures in the considered global strategy satisfies the fire safety goals. Since it’s possible to limit the Heat Release Rate (HRR) curve with automatic fire protection systems activation, according to the latest issue of the IFC DM 18/10/2019, these systems are considered safety critical systems since they operate a significant risk reduction and so “higher availability systems” (HAS) must be installed. This paper aims to describe how functional safety principles can be applied to the design of fire protection systems used in FSE-based design. Functional safety principles will be employed for designing a fire protection system whose reliability is quantitatively assessed and in line with the specific requirements of HASs.
Perspectives of stakeholders on tourist vulnerability to wildfires in cross-border regions
Authors: Ronchi Enrico , Vaiciulyte Sandra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents findings from a qualitative study on tourist vulnerability in wildfire scenarios considering the perspectives of tourist infrastructure owners/managers, fire and rescue service, municipality managers, researchers, and other emergency managers in Spain-France border regions. Through a thematic analysis of twenty survey responses, this study presents the critical factors influencing tourist vulnerability. Three key themes were identified, namely 1) Lack of knowledge, 2) Physical vulnerability, and 3) Discrepant tourist expectations. These themes highlight the urgency of educating tourists on self-protection measures while ensuring effective communication channels sensitive to language barriers. Challenges related to high population densities, access to communication means, and human behaviour highlight the need for dedicated emergency plans for tourists. These insights inform policymakers, emergency responders, and stakeholders in developing targeted interventions to enhance wildfire preparedness/response, ensuring the safety of tourists in cross-border regions.
Experimental large-scale pool fire with a fully engulfed tank
Authors: Rengel Borja , Dréan Virginie , Guillaume Bruno , Chiva Roman , Guillaume Eric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Tanks transporting hazardous materials must adhere to regulatory standards to ensure a high level of protection, thereby safeguarding individuals, communities, and the environment while minimizing economic losses. Specifically, tanks undergo testing in fully engulfed pool fires to evaluate their protective capabilities. This study provides an overview of the experimental setup involving a cylindrical tank exposed to a 21.6 m2 hydrocarbon pool fire in an open environment. The primary focus of the results is on the temperature distribution around the tank and the heat fluxes measured at various heights above the pool base.
Sensor based occupant monitoring
Authors: Gibbons Josh , Nilsson Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There is an increasing need to know the presence, number and location of occupants in the built environment. This data can be used to optimise evacuation, inform rescue operations and collect occupancy data for fire safety design. It is possible to utilise sensors and systems already installed in buildings, such as demand-controlled ventilation systems, to monitor occupancy. The objective of this research is to develop a calculation model that uses data from demand-controlled ventilation systems to predict the number of occupants in a lecture theatre. The development process involved calibration experiments using CO2 gas release, as well as installation of new and modification of existing sensors. This paper presents the results of six experiments with one experiment in detail and compares the predicted number of occupants from the calculation model to the observed number of occupants in the lecture theatre. Results show positive and promising trends, with the model being able to estimate the number of occupants in the lecture theatre. Over the course of a lecture, the model predicted number of occupants with an error margin as small as 5%. An important finding from this research is that the accuracy of the prediction improves with the number of occupants in the room. At higher occupancy, changes in the CO2 concentration are larger and therefore easier to measure, resulting in the model being more responsive. The research shows the potential of using demand-controlled ventilation for prediction of number of occupants, with a strong rationale for further research.
Fire safety challenges with photovoltaics and Li-ion battery system installations in buildings
Authors: Sanfeliu Meliá Cristina , Stølen Reidar , Garberg Olsø Brynhild 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The growing trend of using lithium-ion batteries as intermediate energy storage for renewable sources like solar panels is expected to increase in this decade, especially in buildings. Photovoltaic and Li-ion battery systems introduce certain fire risks which need to be considered before their implementation in new or existing buildings. Knowledge about the fire behaviour of both these systems, and how this may affect the building is crucial to reduce the consequences from a fire. The purpose of the work is to categorize the main fire safety challenges of PV and Li-ion battery installations for preventing fire and explosion hazardous scenarios in buildings. These are related to the increased risk of ignition, changed fire dynamics and increased fire spread risk, and to installations representing obstructions and hazards for firefighters. The research methodology consists of a combination of mixed methods: previous lessons learned in literature and experimental work and analysis of case studies. PV installations can cause ignition, promote fire spread and obstruct firefighting. A Li-ion battery installation can potentially increase the ignition risk, contribute to a rapid growth and spread of fire, and interfere firefighting and increase explosion hazards. The development of knowledge is important for the inclusion of new regulations and the modification of existing regulations in building codes nationally and internationally.
Assessing the Feasibility of Fire-pattern-based Data-driven Models for Pre-flashover Fire Origin Determination
Authors: Ni Shuna , David Unobe Ikwulono 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study evaluates data-driven methods for fire origin determination in pre-flashover fires based on interior fire pattern distribution. A proof-of-concept study was conducted by simulating six hundred compartment fire scenarios to generate data for model development. Heat exposure of interior surfaces was recorded to identify potential areas with fire patterns. Models such as Partial Least Squares Regression, Random Forest, and Support Vector Regression were tested, with Random Forest showing the best performance in locating fire origin. This study demonstrates the potential of data-driven models for identifying fire origins but highlights limitations in complex fire sites and scenarios.
The impacts of the economics and social status on the residential fire in Taiwan
Authors: Yung Lin Wang , Hung Chung Yu , Lung (Farian) Wu Chia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The research investigates whether the economics and social status affect the occurrence of the residential fire. Analysing the data from the National Fire Agency, Department of Household Registration, Department of Household Registration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, and National Statistics. The year range in which the data was obtained was from 2014 to 2022 due to the assessed availability. The results show that households with low incomes, people with disabilities, and full-time social workers directly influence the occurrence of fires, considering the size of the counties. If extracting the impact of the city size, the only significant impact is the aboriginal population.
The Role of Polarization for Bound States in Strong Fields
Authors: Walker B C , Jones E C , Andreula Z , Gale M R , Pham M , Wisely J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As atomic matter interacts with ultrastrong fields, the bound electrons are polarized and have ionization energies changed by Stark-shifting. The unprecedented range of laser intensities from 1015 W cm−2 to 1024 W cm−2 can take the interaction from the neutral atom to a bare nucleus. We have used an outer, single active electron approximation to calculate the polarization and Stark-shifted binding energy for ultraintense lasers interacting with highly charged ions at intensities from 1014 W cm−2 to 1022 W cm−2. The polarization of the bound state can result in a dipole moment and Stark shift that may be 0.1 e a0 and 50 Eh, respectively. At these high intensities, relativistic effects must also be considered. Across the intensity range of these studies, the magnetic field of the laser does not comparably affect the bound state of the atom; the impact of polarization and Stark shift exceed changes to the bound state wave function and binding energy from including relativity.
Vortex-Antivortex Pair Production in Perturbed Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate
Authors: Sabari S , Kishor Kumar R , Tomio Lauro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The dynamics of vortex-antivortex pair production with the associated critical velocities are investigated in perturbed dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), by using a quasi-two-dimensional mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) model. By exploring the range of dipolar interaction strengths, it is also verified the regime in which turbulent behaviors can be observed. In the present contribution, we consider the emission of vortex and antivortex pairs in dipolar BECs produced by circularly moving blue detuned laser, simulated by a two-dimensional Gaussian obstacle. The critical velocities of the moving obstacle for vortex-antivortex nucleation, which emerge as regular pairs or cluster, are determined by numerical simulations, considering a BEC of dysprosium atoms with repulsive contact and dipolar interactions.
Optimizing States for Quantum-Enhanced Interferometry: Two Case Studies
Authors: Mishra Karunesh K. , Ataman Stefan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work we address the optimization of two important quantum states in terms of interferometric phase sensitivity, given a constraint on the total average number of input photons,

N
¯

We use the quantum Fisher information (QFI) as our main tool. We employ both the single- and two-parameter QFI in order to address detection schemes having, and respectively, not having access to an external phase reference. The first quantum state we consider is the coherent plus squeezed vacuum input and find the optimum coherent fraction that maximizes both the single- and two-parameter QFI. We also discuss detection schemes able to perform almost optimally. Finally, we consider the double squeezed vacuum input and determine the squeezed fraction between the inputs that maximizes the QFI. Similar to the previous input state, we also provide detection schemes able to perform optimally.
David, Gath, and the Politics of Identity
Authors: Leonard-Fleckman Mahri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 investigates scribal representations of Gath and its people in stories about David and Israel’s early monarchy to demonstrate that Gath is often depicted as a place and people who support and cooperate with David. This argument runs counter to the dominant stereotype of “the Philistines” as a fierce and powerful enemy of Israel, and counter to the common compositional claim that depictions of Gath become more negative over time. The chapter probes the diversity of scribal representations of Gath alongside theories of compositional development to expose the heterogeneity of scribal views on the David–Gath relationship, some more positive and some more negative, from biblical witnesses to Josephus’s first-century CE Jewish Antiquities. It also uses the book of Ruth and the positive presentation of a Moabite to demonstrate that textual representations of foreigners in general—not just the people of Gath—are situationally and temporally pliable.
Samson Mosaics
Authors: Leonard-Fleckman Mahri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In Chapter 6, Samson is the axis around which to explore textual development and history writing. The chapter argues that over time, Samson has functioned as a site of cultural memory and scribal discourse about the Shephelah relative to Israel and Judah’s histories. He is therefore a window into the continuous nature of historiography. The chapter probes Samson’s ongoing creation in composition and reception histories, from plausible mythological antecedents to a possible connection with Saul as early Israelite heroes, to his eventual placement in Judges and rewriting in Josephus’s Antiquities, continuing into modern reception. The chapter closes by returning to the archaeological remains from Tel Batash to interrogate the problematic use of biblical categories of identity in archaeological reconstructions and to argue that the composite artistry of the Samson cycle demonstrates a diversity of perspectives on his identity across space and time.
Gene cloning and characterization of N-carbamyl-l-glutamic acid amidohydrolase involved in ergothioneine utilization in Burkholderia sp. HME13
Authors: Muramatsu Hisashi , Yamada Masaaki , Maguchi Hiroki , Kato Shin-ichiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Burkholderia sp. HME13 utilizes ergothioneine, a strong antioxidant, as the nitrogen source. We have previously shown that ergothionase, thiourocanate hydratase, 3-(5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-yl) propionic acid desulfhydrase, and hydantoin-5-propionic acid amidohydrolase may be involved in ergothioneine utilization in this strain. In this study, we identified the ertE gene in Burkholderia sp. HME13, which encodes a bivalent metal-dependent N-carbamyl-l-glutamic acid amidohydrolase (ErtE). ErtE showed maximum activity at 60 °C and pH 7.0 and was stable at temperatures up to 55 °C and pH 6.5-8.0. The Km and Vmax values of ErtE for N-carbamyl-l-glutamic acid were 0.74 m m and 140 U/mg, respectively. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-treated ErtE showed no enzymatic activity, which was restored upon the addition of Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Fe2+. Expression analyses and enzymatic assays suggested that ErtE is involved in ergothioneine utilization in this strain. Finally, we propose a mechanism for ergothioneine utilization in Burkholderia sp. HME13.
How States Punch above Their Weight: Introducing Hybrid Actorness as Expanded Foreign Policy
Authors: McLarren Katharina , Stahl Bernhard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The interplay of states and transnational actors has found its way into Foreign Policy Analysis. At the same time, the call for new typologies of foreign policy actors has increased. We therefore develop a typological theory of expanded foreign policy and introduce a model of hybrid actorness that alludes to foreign policy actors with both state and transnational dimensions in their polity, politics, and policy. We assume that the transnational element is constitutive of such foreign policy actors. To theorize on such an expansion of foreign policy, we employ an abductive approach and revisit the polity, politics, and policy dimensions of foreign policy. We establish how these are expanded in five transnational sectors, namely state-religion, state-ideology, state-media, state-business, and state-diaspora. We then devise a typology of hybrid actorness by identifying different subtypes that range from latent to fully manifested hybrids. We argue that this model will help better grasp the evolving foreign policy phenomenon of the transnational in an increasingly globalized world.
A mutation in DNA polymerase γ harbors a shortened lifespan and high sensitivity to mutagens in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa
Authors: Yoshihara Ryouhei , Shimakura Yuzuki , Kitamura Satoshi , Satoh Katsuya , Sato Manami , Aono Taketo , Akiyama Yu , Hatakeyama Shin , Tanaka Shuuitsu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hyphal elongation is the vegetative growth of filamentous fungi, and many species continuously elongate their hyphal tips over long periods. The details of the mechanisms for maintaining continuous growth are not yet clear. A novel short lifespan mutant of N. crassa that ceases hyphal elongation early was screened and analyzed to better understand the mechanisms for maintaining hyphal elongation in filamentous fungi. The mutant strain also exhibited high sensitivity to mutagens such as hydroxyurea and ultraviolet radiation. Based on these observations, we named the novel mutant “mutagen sensitive and short lifespan 1 (ms1).” The mutation responsible for the short lifespan and mutagen sensitivity in the ms1 strain was identified in DNA polymerase γ (mip-1:NCU00276). This mutation changed the amino acid at position 814 in the polymerase domain from leucine to arginine (MIP-1 L814R). A dosage analysis by next-generation sequencing reads suggested that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences are decreased nonuniformly throughout the genome of the ms1 strain. This observation was confirmed by quantitative PCR for 3 representative loci and restriction fragment length polymorphisms in purified mtDNA. Direct repeat-mediated deletions, which had been reported previously, were not detected in the mitochondrial genome by our whole-genome sequencing analysis. These results imply the presence of novel mechanisms to induce the nonuniform decrease in the mitochondrial genome by DNA polymerase γ mutation. Some potential reasons for the nonuniform distribution of the mitochondrial genome are discussed in relation to the molecular functions of DNA polymerase γ.
10054- CBMS-1 TARGETING POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) TO INDUCE SELECTIVE CELL DEATH IN IDH-MUTANT GLIOMAS
Authors: Kitagawa Yosuke , Nasser Ali , Wetzel Ethan , Miller Julie , Wakimoto Hiroaki , Daniel Cahill 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To develop a novel therapeutic approach targeting DNA repair mechanisms for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas, we examined the combined effects and mechanisms of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitors (PARGi) and radiation therapy (IR). Poly(ADP-ribose) polymers (PAR chains) are essential DNA repair enzymes synthesized by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a substrate. PAR chains are degraded by PARG, and their length is precisely controlled by the balance of PARP and PARG activities, playing crucial roles in DNA damage response and cellular stress reactions. Previous studies showed that the combination of PARGi and temozolomide (TMZ) exhibited selective cytotoxicity in IDH mutant glioma cells, and our study confirmed cell death due to a novel DNA repair vulnerability independent of NAD depletion. Experiments using patient-derived IDH mutant glioma cell lines demonstrated that the combination of PARGi and IR exhibited strong cytotoxicity towards IDH mutant cells. Additionally, lentivirus-mediated PARG knockout (KO) experiments showed high radiation sensitivity in PARG KO cells, and partial recovery of cytotoxicity with IDH inhibitors. These results suggest that the combination of PARGi and IR has synergistic effects specifically in IDH mutant cells. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of DNA damage markers PAR and γH2AX over time using western blotting and immunofluorescence, and confirmed tumor reduction in a mouse model with IDH mutant PARG-KO cell lines treated with IR. PARGi, which have high selectivity and bioavailability, are expected to have lower systemic toxicity compared to conventional alkylating agents, and the synergistic cytotoxic effects could potentially reduce postoperative radiation doses. Particularly, since recurrent tumors after TMZ treatment often acquire mutations in DNA repair enzymes, this therapeutic strategy offers a promising new approach based on novel mechanisms.
10124- GEN-6 ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION IN DIFFERENTIATION AND DEDIFFERENTIATION MECHANISMS OF GLIOMA STEM-LIKE CELLS
Authors: Sano Emiko , Yoshikawa Masaaki , Hino Hirotsugu , Ohyama Kentaro , Sumi Koichiro , Nishide Takuma , Aida Yumi , Nara Kaoru , Yamamuro Shun , Hara Hiroyuki , Hirai Shuichi , Yoshino Atsuo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The presence of glioma stem cells, capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, is one of the reasons why brain tumors are difficult to treat. Gliomas are predicted to arise from the accumulation of genetic abnormalities in glial cells or their progenitor cells at the origin of tumorigenesis. It has been suggested that these glioma stem cells can acquire different properties through epigenomic reprogramming by interacting with the surrounding environment. In this study, we investigated whether DNA methylation, an epigenomic factor, is involved in the mechanism of glioma differentiation and dedifferentiation. DNA methylation was analyzed by real-time methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The promoter region (CpG island) of EZH2 (histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methyltransferase), which has been reported to be involved in the mechanism of differentiation and dedifferentiation, was examined. 0125-GSC and 0222-GSC which are established from patient tumors were cultured in neurobasal medium with supplements and used as glioma stem-like cells. These cells formed sphere and expressed stem cell markers. S0125 and S0222 were adherent and cultured in D-MEM with 10 % fetal calf serum. The DNA methylation rate of EZH2 was increased in S0125 and S0222. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of EZH2 mRNA was decreased in S0125 and S0222. These results suggest that changes in DNA methylation and gene expression of EZH2 may be involved in the differentiation and dedifferentiation of glioma cells.Keyword: Glioblastoma stem-like cell, Differentiation, EZH2 methylation