bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Harvesting in Cognitive Networks Using Feasible Channel Selection Assignment
Authors: Balasubramanian M. , Rajamani V. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
The importance of this paper is to achieve maximum spectrum efficiency
and proper channel allotment between Primary and Secondary User. The licensed and unlicensed users
gets promoted as the channel allotment is properly carried out. To improve energy capability and
spectral proficiency consider energy collecting cognitive radio systems to update both energy feasibility
and spectral viability. Energy Harvesting Provides possibility of sharing energy in wireless
networks which improves the performance of channel capacity.

Methods:
In this paper an Token Passing algorithm is proposed that switches the channels between
Primary User and Secondary User. The energy efficiency decision is taken according to when primary
user is idle or not. When the primary user is idle the secondary user cannot harvest any energy
and when the primary channel is occupied the secondary channel harvest energy from primary user
so that the harvested energy will be used by the secondary user during channel allotment. This proposed
algorithm provides energy harvesting and spectrum efficiency.

Results:
The result shows that the most extraordinary achievable throughput R (eh) of the energy
harvesting cognitive radio. The State Transition will move from busy to idle and idle to busy which
is represented as S0 and S1. The other parameters are Sensing Energy es, Sampling frequency fs,
Primary Signal which accepts a noise SNR γp. As Token Passing Algorithm provides tokens for
primary and secondary user it takes lesser time and achieves better throughput than the FDMA and
suboptimal algorithm.

Conclusion:
This paper achieves the maximum spectrum efficiency and energy harvesting by
properly allotting spectrum for both primary and secondary user. The primary user and secondary
user and spectrum management perform the channel allotment efficiently through the idle and busy
state and Token Passing Algorithm does energy harvesting. An efficient scheme is developed for allocating
energy in energy harvesting cognitive radio systems.
Therapeutic Potential of Probiotics: A Ray of Hope or Nightmare?
Authors: Arora Malika , Kaur Navdeep , Bansal Parveen , Baldi Ashish 
Published: March 2019

Background:The role of various probiotic microorganisms with a particular emphasis on their therapeutic use in human health and disease has been highlighted by diverse scientific research reports. Due to improvement and introduction of new technologies useful to understand the functionality and mode of action of probiotics with respect to nutritional as well as health perspectives, the research on probiotics has recently grabbed the attention of manufacturers, regulators as well as researchers. Currently there are clinical trial based evidences to support the effectiveness of probiotic interventions in various types of diarrheal diseases, chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, oral health etc. However, due to inadequate awareness about risks associated with the probiotics amongst physicians, regulatory authorities, consumers and manufacturers many attributes like quality, safety and efficacy require urgent attention. At the same time regulatory guidelines for these products face ambiguity. So, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the true status of probiotic products available in market with respect to all above mentioned parameters and to formulate harmonized regulatory guidelines for the manufacturing of probiotic products.Conclusion:The present compilation aims to highlight the progression of probiotic research related to therapeutic potentials of probiotics, clinical trials on probiotics, risks and regulatory concerns associated with probiotics and their use.
Synthesis and Performances of Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Sulfonate
Authors: Yan Lu , Ping Fan , Da-shan Lu 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate (AESO) was synthesized
by the following two steps reactions: fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 5 (AEO-5)
reacted with metallic sodium to form sodium alkoxide, then in toluene solvent, the sodium
alkoxide reacted with 2-chloroethyl sulfonate sodium to form AESO.

Methodology:
The reaction factors, such as temperature, reaction time and reactant ratio,
which effect on the product yield were discussed. The products were characterized by Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra in order to examine the aim of the product synthesized.
The AESO performances including thermal stability, salt resistance, emulsifying and
surface properties were studied.

Results:
The results show that the optimum conditions of AESO synthesis are as follows: the
reaction temperature is 64oC, the reaction time is 5h, the molar ratio of chloroethyl sulfonate
sodium and sodium alkoxide is 1.2:1. In the above reaction conditions, the AESO has the
highest yield, which is 74.43% and its purity is 89.25%. AESO’s surface properties, thermal
stability, and salt resistance are much better than that of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether
sulfate (AES). The AESO presents the best emulsifying performance at the concentration of
1250mg/L.

Conclusion:
The solubility of AES and AESO are all increased due to the EO groups’ existence
and their hard water resistances are better than that of lauryl sodium sulfate. The foamability
test shows that AESO has the best foaming ability at the concentration of 1480mg/L, which decreases
with the increase of the Ca2+ concentration, but the foam stability increases. It can be
seen that AESO has favorable resistance to high temperature and high salinity.
In-vitro Estimation of Photo-Protective Potential of Rosehip Seed Oil and QbD Based Development of a Nanoformulation
Authors: Kayath Himangi , Dhawan Surbhi , Nanda Sanju 
Published: March 2019

Background:
The use of natural actives for cosmeceutical benefits has recently
gained high popularity due to their low side effects, natural origin and safety. The
fruits of Rosehip, a wild shrub native to Europe, Northwest Africa, and Western Asia
have been used in traditional medicines since ancient times. Seeds of Rosehip are known
to contain more than 50% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Inherently, this class of phytoconstituents
has been reported to exhibit anti-aging potential.

Objective:
The objective of the present study was to explore and establish the
photoprotective potential of Rosehip Seed Oil (RSO) obtained from Rosa rubigenosa and
develop a QbD-based topical nanoformulation.

Methods:
The photo-protective potential of Rosehip Seed Oil was evaluated through
various in-vitro tests and biochemical assays. The o/w nanoemulsion (NE) of the oil was
prepared by the ultrasonication method following Central Composite Design (CCD) to
find the best possible formulation conditions. Nanoemulsion was further formulated into
a topical gel and evaluated for its semisolid attributes.

Results:
The antioxidant property of Rosehip Seed Oil assessed by estimating DPPH free
radical scavenging activity revealed that 45μg/ml of oil was equivalent to 8μg/ml of α-
tocopherol (standard). The total phenolic content of the oil was estimated to be
5.81μg/ml. IC50 values for anti-collagenase, anti-elastase and anti-hyaluronidase activities
were determined and found to be 7.34mg/ml, 42.3mg/ml and 36.34mg/ml, respectively.
The particle size, PDI, zeta potential, viscosity and pH of the optimized batch (R2)
were found to be 82.73nm, 0.214, -23.0 mV, 6.65cp and 6.94, respectively. The cumulative
release of the drug from the nanoemulsion gel was estimated for 7 hrs and found to
be 72.34%.

Conclusion:
Results of all the in vitro studies performed led to the conclusion that Rosehip
oil possesses very good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and photo-protective properties
and a nanoformulation of this plant seed oil has the potential to help in assuaging the
detrimental effects of UV rays like photoaging.
Chondroitin Sulphate Decorated Polymeric Nanoparticles: An Effective Carrier for Enhancement of Lung Cancer Targeting Capabilities of Anticancer Drug
Authors: Garg Sweta , Garg Ashish , Enaganti Sreenivas , Yadav Awesh K. 
Published: March 2019

Background:Currently, cancer is rising as one of the dominant causes of human deaths worldwide. The application of nano-carriers may help to treat cancer through the delivery of anticancer drugs inside the tumor cells.Objective:The foremost objective behind this research was to formulate chondroitin sulfate tailored cellulose acetate phthalate (CSAC) core shield nanoparticles (NPs) containing 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) as an anticancer drug.Methods:The FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic methods were used to analyze and characterize the formulation of CSAC copolymer. NPs were typified by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release.Results:CSAC NPs were found to exhibit moderate release (95.59±0.15% in 34hrs) than CAP NPs (78.97±0.08% in 8 hours). In the course of cytotoxicity examination in A549 cancer cell line, the results revealed that these 5-FU loaded CSAC NPs showed an immense cytotoxic potentiality. Moreover, CSAC NPs exhibit least hemolytic activity when compared with CAP NPs and plain 5-FU.Conclusion:Conclusively, it was found that the CSAC NPs is an efficient carrier system for the better release of 5-FU in lung cancer.
Pielgrzymka do Jerozolimy w ujęciu Psalmu 122 (121)
Authors: Wilk Janusz 
Published: March 2019

W artykule podjęto analizę Psalmu 122 z perspektywy zjawiska pielgrzymkowego w starożytnym Izraelu. Prawdopodobnie utwór ten zrodził się pod wpływem pielgrzymki, jaką psalmista podjął wraz ze swoimi bliskimi do Jerozolimy. Po powrocie, utrwalając swoje natchnione przemyślenia, spisał dla siebie i potomnych tekst, który ostatecznie otrzymał kształt Psalmu 122. Stanowi on pewnego rodzaju wykładnię pielgrzymowania do Jerozolimy. Uniwersalność i ponadczasowość tych słów pozwala wyróżnić w nim trzy aspekty pielgrzymiej drogi: (1) Organizacja pielgrzymki i przybycie do Jerozolimy (w. 1bc–2), (2) Pochwała Jerozolimy (w. 3–5), (3) Życzenia dla Jerozolimy i jej mieszkańców (w. 6–9), które stały się przedmiotem studium niniejszego opracowania.
„O naśladowaniu Chrystusa” – Pismo Święte w życiu duchowym
Authors: Kamykowski Łukasz 
Published: March 2019

Jeden z najważniejszych klasycznych podręczników pobożności O Naśladowaniu Chrystusa Tomasza à Kempis uczy czytelnika podejścia do Pisma i sam je wykorzystuje. Artykuł chce zachęcić do pogłębionego studium nad podejściem teoretycznym i praktycznym do Biblii w tym dziełku, analizując pod tym kątem pięć wybranych fragmentów.
Rajallinen työmuisti S2-oppijoiden puheenymmärtämisvaikeuksien selittäjänä
Authors: Laakso Saara 
Published: March 2019

Tässä artikkelissa käsittelen työmuistin rajallisuuden ja aikuisten suomenoppijoiden puheenymmärtämisvaikeuksien yhteyttä tarkastelemalla oppijoiden kuuntelutehtäväsuorituksia ja niitä seuraavia stimulated recall -haastatteluja. Lisäksi selvitän, millaisilla muistitoiminnoilla oppijat kompensoivat työmuistin rajallisuutta ja helpottavat ymmärtämistä. Tutkimukseen osallistui 12 arabiankielistä alkeis- ja perustason aikuista suomenoppijaa, ja aineisto koostuu oppijoiden kuuntelutehtäväsuoritusten ja stimulated recall -haastattelujen videotallenteista.
Työmuistin rajallisuuden vaikutus ymmärtämisvaikeuksissa tuli esiin erityisesti silloin, kun yhteen sanaan tai ilmaukseen keskittyminen aiheutti edeltävien tai seuraavien sanojen unohtamista ja kun mielessä pidettävän puhejakson pituus ylitti osallistujan kapasiteetin. Osallistujat kompensoivat työmuistin rajallisuutta ja helpottivat ymmärtämistään ylhäältä alas -prosessoinnilla eli täydentämällä tekstiin jääneitä aukkoja säilömuistissa olevalla maailmantiedollaan ja kokemuksillaan.
Adventures in Higher Education, Happiness, And Mindfulness
Authors: Huang Peter H. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This Article recounts my unique adventures in higher education, including being a Princeton University freshman mathematics major at age 14, Harvard University applied mathematics graduate student at age 17, economics and finance faculty at multiple schools, first-year law student at the University of Chicago, second- and third-year law student at Stanford University, and law faculty at multiple schools. This Article also candidly discusses my experiences as student and professor and openly shares how I achieved sustainable happiness by practicing mindfulness to reduce fears, rumination, and worry in facing adversity, disappointment, and setbacks. This Article analyzes why law schools should teach law students about happiness and mindfulness. This Article discusses how to teach law students about happiness and mindfulness. Finally, this Article provides brief concluding thoughts about how law students can sustain happiness and mindfulness once they graduate from law school.
Posner’s Folly: The End of Legal Pragmatism and Coercion’s Clarity
Authors: D’Agostino Joseph 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Highly influential legal scholar and judge Richard Posner, newly retired from the bench, believes that law is irrelevant to most of his judicial decisions as well as to most constitutional decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court. His recent high-profile repudiation of the rule of law, made in statements for the general public, was consistent with what he and others have been saying to legal audiences for decades. Legal pragmatism has reached its end in abandoning all the restraints of law. Posner-endorsed “epistemological democracy” obscures a discretion that is much worse than the rule of law promoted by epistemological authoritarianism. I argue that a focus on conceptual essentialism and on the recognition of coercive intent as essential to the concept of law, both currently unpopular among legal theorists and many jurists, can clarify legal understandings and serve as starting points for the restoration of the rule of law. A much more precise, scientific approach to legal concepts is required in order to best ensure the rational and moral legitimacy of law and to combat eroding public confidence in political and legal institutions, especially in an increasingly diverse society. The rational regulation by some (lawmakers) of the real-world actions of others (ordinary citizens) requires that core or central instances of concepts have essential elements rather than be “democratic.” Although legal pragmatism has failed just as liberal theory generally has failed, the pragmatic value of different conceptual approaches is, in fact, the best measure of their worth. Without essentialism in concept formation and an emphasis on coercion, the abilities to understand and communicate effectively about the practical legal world are impaired. Non-essentialism grants too much unwarranted discretion to judges and other legal authorities, and thus undermines the rule of law. Non-essentialist or anti-essentialist conceptual approaches allow legal concepts to take on characteristics appropriate to religious and literary concepts, which leads to vague and self-contradictory legal concepts that incoherently and deceptively absorb disparate elements that are best kept independent in order to maximize law’s rationality and moral legitimacy. When made essentialist, the concept of political positive law shrinks, clarifies, and reveals its true features, including the physically-coercive nature of all laws and the valuable method of tracing the content of law by following its coercive intents and effects.
The U.S. Constitution’s Emoluments Clauses: How History, Behavioral Psychology, and the Framers’ Understanding of Corruption All Require an End to President Trump’s Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Mayer Don , Sulkowski Adam 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The two Emoluments Clauses in the U.S. Constitution forbid federal officials from accepting “any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatsoever” from foreign or domestic governments. President Donald Trump’s business interests generate numerous opportunities to use public office for his personal benefit. This article examines the history of the Emoluments Clauses and the Framers’ conception of corruption. The conflicts of interest alleged in pending emoluments lawsuits against President Trump would not be allowable in the private sector, and various plaintiffs argue that the Emoluments Clauses apply to all public officials, including the President. The President’s lawyers have claimed he is exempt from the application of these clauses and have raised numerous procedural objections, such as challenging who might have” standing” to bring a lawsuit to compel his compliance with the clauses. Out of three cases filed in 2017, one has been dismissed, while two judges have recognized that the plaintiffs have standing. In each lawsuit, the President’s lawyers insist on a conception of corruption that is quid pro quo, where only bargained for exchanges count as corruption. While the Emoluments Clauses require public officials to get Congressional permission before receiving such benefits, the President’s position is that Congress must first demand an accounting of any personal benefits, rather than the burden being on the President to ask permission. Thus far, two courts have rejected that approach, and as of this writing, further appeals can be expected.
The Curious Incident of Trump and the Courts: Interbranch Deference in an Age of Populism
Authors: Peabody Bruce G. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Given President Donald Trump’s generally non-deferential posture towards national political and governing institutions, why hasn’t his administration produced greater tension with respect to judges, courts, and established norms of judicial independence? Increased politicization of the judiciary, deepening partisanship, and distinct attributes of the President himself all seem to set up a climate of interbranch confrontation likely to challenge judicial independence norms. But at least in the first two years of this presidency, sustained opposition to courts is not evident. This analysis documents and accounts for this puzzle, ultimately contending that the President’s unexpected (and admittedly fragile) institutional comity can be traced to his personal history of relying on legal safeguards and authority as well as a complex stew of partisan and ideological uncertainty about the future direction of courts.
Constitutional Coup? The Case that Promulgated a New Constitution for Montana
Authors: Natelson Robert G. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This Article examines one of the most important state court cases ever decided. In Montana ex rel. Cashmore v. Anderson, the Montana Supreme Court exercised its original jurisdiction to order, by a 3-2 margin, that the state’s original constitution be replaced with one the people apparently had failed to ratify. In doing so, the court yielded to interest groups that favored replacing the original state constitution with an instrument based on radically different premises. Political threats may have caused the swing justice to vote for the new constitution, but even if that did not occur, the case represents a striking example of the failure of the rule of law. The Article also proposes reforms that may reduce the chances of a recurrence.
Improving gluten-free buckwheat bread by sourdough fermentation and addition of arabinoxylan and pyranose 2-oxidase
Authors: Zand Elena , Bender Denisse , D’Amico Stefano , Tömösközi Sandor , Jaeger Henry , Schoenlechner Regine 
Published: March 2019

Summary
The purpose of this research was to improve the functional properties of gluten-free (GF) wholemeal buckwheat bread by sourdough fermentation and addition of arabinoxylan (AX) and pyranose 2-oxidase (POx). AXs are able to cross-link to other AX molecules under acidic conditions, which is supported by the addition of oxidizing enzymes (e.g., POx). On a first approach, the optimal sourdough concentration (% acidification of total flour weight) was adjusted. The best results were seen at an acidification of 82% of total flour weight. The optimal dosage of 3% AX and 1 nkat POx/g flour was able to increase the specific volume from 1.80 to 1.93 cm3/g bread and reduce the firmness from 9.61 to 4.69 N compared to the control bread and presented an acceptable relative elasticity of 62.20 ± 0.96%. These effects were then compared in breads produced from wholemeal and refined buckwheat flour. Interestingly, the wholemeal buckwheat bread showed a significantly lower firmness and higher relative elasticity than the bread from refined flour, which can be mainly attributed to the higher protein and dietary fibre content of wholemeal flour. Overall, this study suggested that addition of AX and POx could positively increase the quality of GF buckwheat bread.
Digestibility and nutrient retention of a wheat bran-containing diet containing two vegetable oil sources applied to laying hens with emphasis on prefeeding period
Authors: Wanzenböck Elisa , Schreiner Matthias , Zitz Ulrike , Figl Sophie , Kneifel Wolfgang , Schedle Karl 
Published: March 2019

Summary
A feeding trial with laying hens was conducted to study the effect of rising levels of dietary wheat bran (WB) and two vegetable oils on digestibility and retention. In addition, two different adaption times were evaluated. The following treatments were applied: no WB/29 g/kg rapeseed oil, no WB/29 g/kg sunflower oil, 75 g/kg WB/45 g/kg rapeseed oil, 75 g/kg WB/45 g/kg sunflower oil, 150 g/kg WB/62 g/kg rapeseed oil, and 150 g/kg WB/62 g/kg sunflower oil. Samples of excrements were examined for dry matter, crude protein, ether extracts, starch, neutral detergent fiber, short-chain fatty acids, and elemental analyses. The effect of the adaption time showed a significantly negative effect on the digestibility of NDF and the retention of phosphorus when a longer prefeeding period was applied. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that regardless of high dietary fiber content, laying hens are capable of tolerating higher dietary fiber levels compared to the fiber level of corn soybean meal diets. Precondition is a balanced nutrient content between diets. Therefore, wheat bran supplementation can be regarded as an interesting option for a sustainable utilization of by-products to produce food of animal origin.
Roads support the spread of invasive Asclepias syriaca in Austria
Authors: Follak Swen , Schleicher Corina , Schwarz Michael 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Asclepias syriaca is an invasive alien plant that has recently spread in Central Europe. The spatiotemporal spread of A. syriaca was reconstructed based on the distribution data for Austria. A. syriaca has increased in abundance and range, especially after the year 2005. At present, the species occurs primarily in eastern Austria (Vienna, Lower Austria), while it was rarely recorded in southern and western Austria. Further spread and range filling is probable. Moreover, the distribution of A. syriaca along roadsides and the role of road type and adjoining land use in facilitating its spread were studied in an area of high presence of the species in Lower Austria in 2018. It was shown that A. syriaca occurred regularly along roadsides and the chance of finding A. syriaca was higher along unpaved roads and along roadsides bordered by forests and grassland. The results indicate that the road network contributes to the spread of A. syriaca in the study area, most likely by providing suitable and well connected habitats. If A. syriaca densities are to be lowered, emphasis should be placed on both a proper roadside management (e.g., mowing regimes) and on the control of the species in the respective adjacent habitat.