bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light and nutrient control phytoplankton biomass responses to global change in northern lakes
Authors: Bergström Ann‐Kristin , Karlsson Jan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGlobal change affects terrestrial loadings of colored dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients to northern lakes. Still, little is known about how phytoplankton respond to changes in light and nutrient availability across gradients in lake DOC. In this study, we used results from whole‐lake studies in northern Sweden to show that annual mean phytoplankton biomass expressed unimodal curved relationships across lake DOC gradients, peaking at threshold DOC levels of around 11 mg/L. Whole‐lake single nutrient enrichment in selected lakes caused elevated biomass, with most pronounced effect at the threshold DOC level. These patterns give support to the suggested dual control by DOC on phytoplankton via nutrient (positively) and light (negatively) availability and imply that the lakes' location along the DOC axis is critical in determining to what extent phytoplankton respond to changes in DOC and/or nutrient loadings. By using data from the large Swedish Lake Monitoring Survey, we further estimated that 80% of northern Swedish lakes are below the DOC threshold, potentially experiencing increased phytoplankton biomass with browning alone, and/or combined with nutrient enrichment. The results support the previous model results on effects of browning and eutrophication on lake phytoplankton, and provide important understanding of how northern lakes may respond to future global changes.
Improved estimates of global terrestrial photosynthesis using information on leaf chlorophyll content
Authors: Luo Xiangzhong , Croft Holly , Chen Jing M. , He Liming , Keenan Trevor F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe terrestrial biosphere plays a critical role in mitigating climate change by absorbing anthropogenic CO2 emissions through photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis is determined jointly by environmental variables and the intrinsic photosynthetic capacity of plants (i.e. maximum carboxylation rate; ). A lack of an effective means to derive spatially and temporally explicit has long hampered efforts towards estimating global photosynthesis accurately. Recent work suggests that leaf chlorophyll content (Chlleaf) is strongly related to , since Chlleaf and are both correlated with photosynthetic nitrogen content. We used medium resolution satellite images to derive spatially and temporally explicit Chlleaf, which we then used to parameterize within a terrestrial biosphere model. Modelled photosynthesis estimates were evaluated against measured photosynthesis at 124 eddy covariance sites. The inclusion of Chlleaf in a terrestrial biosphere model improved the spatial and temporal variability of photosynthesis estimates, reducing biases at eddy covariance sites by 8% on average, with the largest improvements occurring for croplands (21% bias reduction) and deciduous forests (15% bias reduction). At the global scale, the inclusion of Chlleaf reduced terrestrial photosynthesis estimates by 9 PgC/year and improved the correlations with a reconstructed solar‐induced fluorescence product and a gridded photosynthesis product upscaled from tower measurements. We found positive impacts of Chlleaf on modelled photosynthesis for deciduous forests, croplands, grasslands, savannas and wetlands, but mixed impacts for shrublands and evergreen broadleaf forests and negative impacts for evergreen needleleaf forests and mixed forests. Our results highlight the potential of Chlleaf to reduce the uncertainty of global photosynthesis but identify challenges for incorporating Chlleaf in future terrestrial biosphere models.
Evaluation of several instrumentation techniques and irrigation methods on the percentage of untouched canal wall and accumulated dentine debris in C‐shaped canals
Authors: Zhao Y. , Fan W. , Xu T. , Tay F. R. , Gutmann J. L. , Fan B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of instrumentation using Reciproc Blue (RB; VDW, Munich, Germany) and XP‐endo Shaper (XP‐S; FKG Dentaire, La Chaux‐deFonds, Switzerland) systems on the area of untouched canal wall (AUCW), accumulated hard‐tissue debris (AHTD) and the efficacy of three irrigation protocols on percentage reductions (red%) of AHTD within C‐shaped canals of mandibular molars.MethodologySeventy mandibular molars with C‐shaped canals were scanned, matched and assigned to two shaping groups (n = 35): RB and XP‐S. Following instrumentation, specimens were triple‐matched with respect to the amount of remaining debris and assigned to three irrigation subgroups (n = 10): syringe‐and‐needle irrigation (SNI), XP‐endo Finisher (XP‐F; FKG Dentaire) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). The AUCW% and AHTD% after instrumentation and the red% of AHTD after irrigation were calculated from micro‐computed tomography. Data were analysed using comparisons for two groups (RB vs. XP‐S) or multiple subgroups followed by pairwise comparison procedures (SNI vs. XP‐F vs. PUI) at α = 0.05.ResultsFor RB and XP‐S, 33.04% and 30.45%, respectively, of the canal wall remained untouched (P > 0.05). For both groups, the apical third had larger AUCW% than the coronal third (P < 0.05). Instrumentation with RB left more debris (2.8%) than XP‐S (1.1%) (P < 0.05). The PUI and XP‐F subgroups had higher mean red% of AHTD than the SNI subgroup; the difference was significant for RB (P < 0.05) but not for XP‐S.ConclusionsBoth RB and XP‐S systems were associated with similar AUCW after instrumenting C‐shaped canals. RB left significantly greater levels of AHTD compared with XP‐S. PUI and XP‐F irrigation removed more debris than SNI when using the RB system.
Additive manufacturing of glass with laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Datsiou Kyriaki Corinna , Saleh Ehab , Spirrett Fiona , Goodridge Ruth , Ashcroft Ian , Eustice Dave 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIts transparency, esthetic appeal, chemical inertness, and electrical resistivity make glass an excellent candidate for small‐ and large‐scale applications in the chemical, electronics, automotive, aerospace, and architectural industries. Additive manufacturing of glass has the potential to open new possibilities in design and reduce costs associated with manufacturing complex customized glass structures that are difficult to shape with traditional casting or subtractive methods. However, despite the significant progress in the additive manufacturing of metals, polymers, and ceramics, limited research has been undertaken on additive manufacturing of glass. In this study, a laser powder bed fusion method was developed for soda lime silica glass powder feedstock. Optimization of laser processing parameters was undertaken to define the processing window for creating three‐dimensional multilayer structures. These findings enable the formation of complex glass structures with micro‐ or macroscale resolution. Our study supports laser powder bed fusion as a promising method for the additive manufacturing of glass and may guide the formation of a new generation of glass structures for a wide range of applications.
Breast health awareness in an Arabic culture: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Madkhali Norah Abdullah , Santin Olinda , Noble Helen , Reid Joanne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore breast health awareness and the early diagnosis and detection methods of breast cancer from the perspective of women and primary healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia.BackgroundA high incidence of advanced breast cancer exists in Saudi Arabia, particularly among younger women. This is due to poor awareness of breast cancer and its management, social customs and poor breast health awareness among healthcare providers.DesignQualitative exploratory study.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in eight states across the Jizan region of Saudi Arabia. Purposive sampling was used to recruit Saudi women (N = 24), general practitioners (N = 20), and nurses (N = 20). Semi‐structured interviews were conducted from November 2015–February 2016. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken.ResultsOverarching themes centred on culture, religion, and resources. Novel key findings from this study confirm that Saudi women require more health education about breast cancer and breast cancer screening. The study has provided important new knowledge in relation to Islamic concept of preserving health, social barriers, cultural taboos, misconceptions, and myths that currently exist surrounding breast cancer in Saudi Arabia.ConclusionThis study provides new evidence on the complexity of poor breast health awareness and lack of resources in Saudi Arabia. Additional resources are needed to remove such barriers and provide targeted health education and services.ImpactThis research informs breast cancer service provision for Muslim or Arab women internationally as they share cultural resources or Islamic principles to follow a healthy lifestyle and help promote the uptake of breast cancer screening services.
Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of dementia amongst older adults even in the absence of stroke
Authors: Rydén L. , Zettergren A. , Seidu N. M. , Guo X. , Kern S. , Blennow K. , Zetterberg H. , Sacuiu S. , Skoog I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation increases risk of stroke, and thus risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Emerging evidence suggests an association also in the absence of stroke. We aimed to examine the association between atrial fibrillation and incident dementia, with and without exclusion of individuals with stroke, and if sex and genetic factors modify the possible association.MethodsIn 2000–2001, a population‐based sample of 70‐year‐olds (N = 561) underwent comprehensive somatic and neuropsychiatric examinations, as part of the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies. Participants were followed up at age 75 and 79. Atrial fibrillation at baseline was identified through ECG, proxy‐reports and the National Patient Register (NPR). Stroke at baseline and follow‐up was identified through self‐reports, proxy‐reports and the NPR. Dementia at baseline and follow‐up was diagnosed according to the DSM‐III‐R criteria based on neuropsychiatric examinations, proxy‐reports and the NPR.ResultsIndividuals with atrial fibrillation had an almost threefold increased risk of dementia during 12‐year follow‐up (HR 2.8; 95% CI 1.3–5.7; P = 0.004), and this risk remained after excluding individuals with stroke at baseline and follow‐up. After stratification for sex, the association was only found amongst men (HR 4.6; 95% CI 1.9–11.2; P < 0.001, interaction sex*atrial fibrillation; P = 0.047) and noncarriers of the APOE ε4 allele (HR 4.2; 95% CI 1.8–9.7; P < 0.001, interaction APOE*atrial fibrillation; P = 0.128). Population attributable risk for dementia resulting from atrial fibrillation was 13%.ConclusionThe relevance for atrial fibrillation as an indicator of subclinical brain vascular risk needs to be further explored. In addition, patients with atrial fibrillation should be screened for cognitive symptoms.
Implementing Multilevel School‐Based Physical Activity Interventions Using Core Implementation Components Model
Authors: Kearns Nancy E. , Kleinert Jane O. , Dupont‐Versteegden Esther E. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEvidence‐based comprehensive physical activity programs developed for public schools are abundant yet a theoretical framework for implementation of these programs is lacking. Implementation science in public service organizations is an emerging area of research, but has not been widely successful in the area of physical activity implementation in public schools.METHODSFactors influencing the implementation of physical activity programs in public schools have been explored.RESULTSTo assist federal, state, and local policymakers in developing or enforcing existing policy, this paper provides an integrated theoretical framework, which will address the need for implementation of interventions to increase school‐based physical activity programs.CONCLUSIONWe propose a sustainable model of implementation for increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity in public schools using Core Implementation Components theory for organizations and policymakers.
A Systematic Review of Tools Measuring Nutrition Knowledge of Pre‐Adolescents and Adolescents in a School‐Based Setting
Authors: Newton Genevieve , Racey Megan , Marquez Olivia , McKenney Andrew , Preyde Michèle , Wosnick David 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMeasurement of nutrition knowledge is common in interventions targeting dietary modifications in a school‐based setting. Previous research has noted a general lack of disclosure regarding the details and psychometric properties of nutrition knowledge tools, which makes uptake of previously used instruments extremely difficult.METHODSOur systematic literature review sought to identify interventions measuring nutrition knowledge in school settings to students aged 9 to 18. Studies were categorized according to content subject and relevant descriptive characteristics and psychometric properties were extracted.RESULTSFollowing the initial screening of 16,868 articles, 308 papers were evaluated for eligibility. Sixty‐seven studies consistent with the inclusion criteria were included in the review. A minority of studies reported analysis of validity (31.3%) and/or reliability (40.3%), and 73.1% of studies had at least one unknown relevant descriptive characteristic. The majority (68.7%) of studies were custom developed, of which only 13 reproduced the tool in the publication.CONCLUSIONOverall, there was an alarming lack of reporting across studies, both in terms of the description of knowledge tools as well as their psychometric properties. These omissions make the selection of appropriate instruments for use in novel contexts difficult, and highlight the need for greater disclosure and pre‐intervention testing.
Does discharging asthma patients after one hour of treatment if clinically well affect emergency department length of stay
Authors: Lenko Debbie , Purcell Rachael , Starr Mike , Bryant Penelope A , South Michael , Gwee Amanda 
Published: March 2019

AimAsthma is a major contributor to direct and indirect health‐care costs and resource use. In May 2015, the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) amended its clinical practice guideline for acute asthma management from discharging patients if the anticipated salbutamol requirement was every 3–4 h to discharging patients who were clinically well at 1 h after initial treatment. Our objective was to examine the impact of the new discharge recommendation on emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS), rates of admission and representation.MethodsWe retrospectively audited the case notes of children presenting with mild or moderate asthma to the RCH ED over the equivalent 2‐week periods in winter 2014 (pre‐implementation of the new guideline) and 2015 (post‐implementation).ResultsA total of 105 patients in 2014 and 92 patients in 2015 were included. In both years, all patients who initially presented with mild or moderate asthma either improved or stayed within the same severity classification at the 1‐h assessment. For patients who were clinically well by the 1‐h assessment, there was a significant reduction in admissions between 2014 and 2015 (40 vs. 10%, P = 0.001). There was also a reduction for these patients in median LOS from 3 h 13 min in 2014 to 2 h 31 min in 2015 (P = 0.03). In both years, all patients who were moderate at 1 h were admitted. There was no difference in the rate of representation or subsequent deterioration in those patients who were discharged at 1 h between the 2 years.ConclusionEarly discharge of patients who are clinically well 1 h after initial therapy may be associated with a reduction in LOS and admission rate without an apparent compromise in patient safety. Further evaluation of this intervention is required to determine whether this is a true causal relationship.
Towards translational health policy: Findings from a state evaluation of programs targeting children with special health care needs
Authors: Keim‐Malpass Jessica , Croson Elizabeth , Allen Marcus , Deagle Cornelia , DeGuzman Pamela 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeCurrent evidence‐based research suggests that early evaluation, comprehensive care plans, and appropriate referrals for childhood and adolescent behavioral and development needs is critical for successful family‐centered outcomes. The overall purpose of this study was to conduct an assessment of a state public health program that offers diagnostic evaluation and coordination for children with behavioral and developmental disorders in the state of Virginia (Child Development Center programs, or CDC). A secondary purpose was to provide translational policy and advocacy targets based on key findings.Design and methodThe evaluation of the scope of services of the CDC programs was done using qualitative interviews with a focus group interview (n = 23), interviews from representatives from individual centers (
n = 5 centers), and descriptive quantitative data elements for the fiscal year 2015.ResultsAfter conducting the state public health evaluation, several translational health policy priorities emerged, including: (a) the need for integrated data standards, (b) Lack of developmental pediatric workforce, particularly in rural sectors of the state, and (c) Need for enhanced program support for care coordination.ConclusionAcademic nurse and public health partnerships can aid in translation from research to policy among vulnerable populations and assist in communication to key stakeholders and legislators for iterative action and reassessment.
Relationship between hepatitis B core‐related antigen levels and sustained HBeAg seroconversion in patients treated with nucleo(s)tide analogues
Authors: Sonneveld Milan J. , van Oord Gertine W. , van Campenhout Margo J. , De Man Robert A. , Janssen Harry L. A. , de Knegt Robert J. , Boonstra Andre , van der Eijk Annemiek A. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryHepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion experienced during nucleo(s)tide analogue (NUC) therapy is often not sustained. We aimed to study whether hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) levels predict sustained HBeAg seroconversion in patients treated with NUCs. We studied HBeAg‐positive patients treated with NUCs for at least 6 months. We quantified HBcrAg at baseline and at the time of HBeAg seroconversion and studied the relationship with HBeAg seroconversion and subsequent relapse. HBcrAg was quantified at baseline in 196 patients; levels varied significantly by HBV genotype and correlated with HBsAg, HBV DNA and HBeAg. Baseline HBcrAg levels were lower in patients who achieved HBeAg seroconversion than in those who did not; the unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 0.802 (95% CI: 0.656‐0.980, P = 0.031); and this association was not sustained in multivariate analysis. HBcrAg remained detectable in all patients at the time of HBeAg seroconversion. Higher HBcrAg at the time of seroconversion was an independent predictor of relapse (adjusted HR: 1.855 (95% CI: 1.099‐3.133, P = 0.021), and none of the patients with HBcrAg < 4.90 log U/mL experienced relapse. Baseline HBcrAg is not an independent predictor of HBeAg seroconversion during NUC therapy. HBcrAg remains detectable in patients after HBeAg seroconversion. Patients with lower levels at the time of seroconversion have a higher probability of sustained HBeAg seroconversion.
Anti‐reductionism and Expected Trust
Authors: Goldberg Sanford C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAccording to anti‐reductionism, audiences have a default (but defeasible) epistemic entitlement to accept observed testimony. This paper explores the prospects of arguing from this premise to a conclusion in ethics, to the effect that speakers enjoy a default (but defeasible) moral entitlement to expect to be trusted when they testify. After proposing what I regard as the best attempt to link the two, I conclude that any argument from the one to the other will depend on a strong epistemological assumption that has not yet been discussed in this connection.
Conscription and the Returns to Education: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity*
Authors: Mouganie Pierre 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn 1997, the French government put into effect a law that permanently exempted young French men born after 1 January 1979 from mandatory military service. This paper uses a regression discontinuity design to identify the effect of peacetime conscription policies on education and labor market outcomes. Results indicate that conscription eligibility induces a significant increase in years of education but has no effect on employment and wages at the ages of 30–36. Further analysis shows that the interpretation most consistent with findings is that the average marginal return to the additional schooling induced by conscription is low.
The elephant in the newsroom: Current research on journalism and emotion
Authors: Kotisova Johana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe article seeks to review current work on the obvious but complex entanglement of journalism and emotion. The field has been under‐theorized and under‐researched; however, in recent years, the body of studies that attempt to grasp the relationship between journalism, journalists, media content, and emotion is growing. The paper roughly systematizes the literature on journalism and emotion based on the Goffmanian distinction between front region and back region; that is, I consider both research on emotionality of the public outcomes of journalists' work marked by journalists' professional ideology and less visible journalists' emotional labour that is behind media content. Based on the review of the body of research and on a sociological conceptualization of emotions, I identify several blind spots. Most importantly, what is still largely missing from the emergent work is research that complies with the social character of journalists' emotions: acknowledges emotions as a force central to the contemporary networked, dynamic and increasingly precarious journalism work, and conceptualizes emotions in journalism as a sociologically relevant phenomenon articulated by the context including newswork, technologies, and media organizations.
Higher‐level phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences
Authors: Liu Yingqi , Li Hu , Song Fan , Zhao Yisheng , Wilson John‐James , Cai Wanzhi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe higher‐level phylogeny of Pentatomomorpha, the second largest infraorder of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), which includes many important agriculture and forestry pests, has been debated for decades. To investigate the phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pentatomomorpha, we assembled new mitochondrial genomes for 46 species through next‐generation sequencing of pooled genomic DNA. Based on a much broader taxon sampling than available previously, Bayesian analyses using a site‐heterogeneous mixture model (CAT+GTR) resolved the higher‐level phylogeny of Pentatomomorpha as (Aradoidea + (Pentatomoidea + (Coreoidea + (Lygaeoidea + Pyrrhocoroidea)))). There was a transition from trnT/trnP to trnP/trnT in the common ancestor of Pyrrhocoroidea, which indicates that this gene rearrangement could be an autapomorphy for Pyrrhocoroidea. Divergence time analyses estimated that Pentatomomorpha originated c. 242 Ma in the Middle Triassic, and most of the recognized superfamilies originated during the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. The diversification of families within Pentatomomorpha largely coincided with the radiation of angiosperms during the Early Cretaceous.