bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRC2 functions in development and congenital disorders
Authors: Deevy Orla , Bracken Adrian P. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a conserved chromatin regulator that is responsible for the methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27). PRC2 is essential for normal development and its loss of function thus results in a range of developmental phenotypes. Here, we review the latest advances in our understanding of mammalian PRC2 activity and present an updated summary of the phenotypes associated with its loss of function in mice. We then discuss recent studies that have highlighted regulatory interplay between the modifications laid down by PRC2 and other chromatin modifiers, including NSD1 and DNMT3A. Finally, we propose a model in which the dysregulation of these modifications at intergenic regions is a shared molecular feature of genetically distinct but highly phenotypically similar overgrowth syndromes in humans.
Previsão de value-at-risk e expected shortfall para mercados emergentes usando modelos FIGARCH
Authors: De Moraes Alex Sandro Monteiro , Figueiredo Pinto Antonio Carlos , Klotzle Marcelo Cabus 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo compara os desempenhos dos modelos de memória longa (FIGARCH) e curta (GARCH) na previsão de volatilidade para cálculo de value at-risk (VaR) e expected shortfall (ES) para múltiplos períodos à frente para seis índices de ações de mercados emergentes Utilizou-se, para dados diários de 1999
a 2014, uma adaptação da simulação de Monte Carlo para estimar previsões de VaR e ES para 1, 10 e 20 dias à frente, usando modelos FIGARCH e GARCH para quatro distribuições de erros. Os resultados sugerem que, em geral, os modelos FIGARCH melhoram a precisão das previsões para horizontes mais longos; que a distribuição dos erros pode influenciar a decisão de escolha do
melhor modelo; e que apenas para os modelos FIGARCH houve redução do número de subestimações do VaR verdadeiro com o aumento do horizonte de previsão. Entretanto, os resultados apontam para uma maior variação das estimativas dos parâmetros para os modelos FIGARCH.
Non-financial incentives and professional health workers’ intentions to stay in public district hospitals in Rwanda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ndikumana Celestin , Kwonyike Joshua , Tubey Ruth 
Published: October 2019

Background:Evidence shows that human resources are one of the major pillars of the healthcare system. As a result, retaining the health workforce has been associated with provision of the quality healthcare services. However, the challenge of retaining the health workforce has been an issue of concern in Rwanda. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of availability and provision of non-financial incentives, and their associations with professional health workers’ intentions to stay.Methods:A cross-sectional survey research design with a quantitative approach was used. With a population of 469 health workers from four district hospitals, the study considered a sample of 252 individuals. The study measured the perceived levels of availability and provision of non-financial incentives in terms of working conditions, training and development, career development, and intentions to stay. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between predictors and the outcome variable with 95% confidence intervals and 5% of confidence level, and results were reported using odds ratios.Results:The findings of the study show that perceiving an average and high level of working conditions was associated with professional health workers’ intentions to stay (OR: 9.70, P<0.001 and OR: 5.77, P=0.001, respectively). Similarly, an average and high perceived level of availability of career development programs predicted health workers’ intention to stay (OR: 13.98, P<0.001 and OR: 12.26, P=0.038, respectively). In the same way, health workers who rater availability of training and development programs as high had more odds of staying (OR 1.025; P=0.014) than their counterparts who rated such programs as low.Conclusion:There is a need for health care institutions and health planners at higher level to strategically boost health workers’ intentions to stay through non-financial packages including efficient and equitable training of health workers, manageable workload and initiate strong career development programs.
The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in adults and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis to inform a multivariable prediction model
Authors: Boyles Tom , Stadelman Anna , Ellis Jayne P. , Cresswell Fiona V. , Lutje Vittoria , Wasserman Sean , Tiffin Nicki , Wilkinson Robert 
Published: October 2019

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal and disabling form of tuberculosis. Delayed diagnosis and treatment, which is a risk factor for poor outcome, is caused in part by lack of availability of diagnostic tests that are both rapid and accurate. Several attempts have been made to develop clinical scoring systems to fill this gap, but none have performed sufficiently well to be broadly implemented. We aim to identify and validate a set of clinical predictors that accurately classify TBM using individual patient data (IPD) from published studies. Methods: We will perform a systematic review and obtain IPD from studies published from the year 1990 which undertook diagnostic testing for TBM in adolescents or adults using at least one of, microscopy for acid-fast bacilli, commercial nucleic acid amplification test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacterial culture of cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical data that have previously been shown to be associated with TBM, and can inform the final diagnosis, will be requested. The data-set will be divided into training and test/validation data-sets for model building. A predictive logistic model will be built using a training set with patients with definite TBM and no TBM. Should it be warranted, factor analysis may be employed, depending on evidence for multicollinearity or the case for including latent variables in the model. Discussion: We will systematically identify and extract key clinical parameters associated with TBM from published studies and use a ‘big data’ approach to develop and validate a clinical prediction model with enhanced generalisability. The final model will be made available through a smartphone application. Further work will be external validation of the model and test of efficacy in a randomised controlled trial.
Developmental dysplasia of the hip: a systematic literature review of the genes related with its occurrence
Authors: Gkiatas Ioannis , Boptsi Anastasia , Tserga Dimitra , Gelalis Ioannis , Kosmas Dimitrios , Pakos Emilios 
Published: October 2019

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most prevalent congenital malformations. It has a wide spectrum of anatomical abnormalities of the hip joint and is characterized by mild or incomplete formation of the acetabulum leading to laxity of the joint capsule, secondary deformity of the proximal femur and irreducible hip dislocation. It is the leading cause of early hip osteoarthritis in young individuals. Both genetic and environmental factors have been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DDH. A high prevalence is present in Asian, Caucasian, Mediterranean and American populations, with females being more frequently affected. We evaluated a variety of genetic studies indexed in the PubMed database. Several susceptive genes, including WISP3, PAPPA2, HOXB9, HOXD9, GDF5, TGF Beta 1, CX3CR1, UQCC, COL1A1, TbX4 and ASPN have been identified as being associated with the development of DDH. Moreover, genetic association has also been reported between hip dysplasia and other comorbidities. Even though genetic components are a crucial part in the aetiology of DDH, several DDH susceptibility genes need further investigation. The purpose of this review is to present current literature evidence regarding genes responsible for DDH development. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:595-601. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.190006
LUU CHECKER: A Web-based Tool to Incorporate Emerging LUs in the SWAT Model
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Saraswat Dharmendra , Pai Naresh , Hancock Benjamin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Standard practice of setting up Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) involves use of a single land use (LU) layer under the assumption that no change takes place in LU condition irrespective of the length of simulation period. This assumption leads to erroneous conclusions about efficacy of management practices in those watersheds where land use changes (LUCs) (e.g. agriculture to urban, forest to agriculture etc.) occur during the simulation period. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a user-friendly, web-based tool named LUU Checker that helps create a composite LU layer by integrating multiple years of LU layers available in watersheds of interest. The results show that the use of composite LU layer for hydrologic response unit (HRU) delineation in 2474-km2 L’Anguile River Watershed in Arkansas was able to capture changed LU at subbasin level by using LU data available in the year 1999 and 2006, respectively. The web-based tool is applicable for large size watersheds and is accessible to multiple users from anywhere in the world. Keywords: Land use, Web-based tool, SWAT, LUU Checker.
Amendment of Herbicide Spray Solutions with Adjuvants to Modify Droplet Spreading and Fading Characteristics on Weeds
Authors: Lin Jeng-Liang , Zhu Heping , Ling Peter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract.Improving the coverage area and fading time of herbicidal droplets on weeds has the potential to enhance the biological control effectiveness. Droplet spreading and fading behaviors on five different weeds were characterized for spray solutions containing a 1.25% glyphosphate Rodeo herbicide amended with each of three different adjuvants (nonionic surfactant Kinetic, nonionic organosilicone surfactant DyneAmic, and nonionic surfactant and antifoaming agent Preference). The five weeds were ragweed, crabgrass, yellow nutsedge, common purslane, and spurge. Tests were conducted by depositing single 300 and 600 µm herbicidal droplets with different adjuvant concentrations on weed leaves inside an environment control chamber. A droplet at a higher adjuvant concentration had greater coverage area on weed surfaces. Preference-amended herbicidal droplets had the largest coverage area increase for all five weeds, and generally followed by droplets with Kinetic and DyneAmic except for 300 µm droplet on purslane and 600 µm droplet on spurge. In comparison with the herbicidal solution containing Rodeo and water only, with addition of adjuvants the 600 µm droplets increased the coverage area by 2.13 to 5.47, 1.76 to 2.56, 1.84 to 2.07, and 2.40 to 4.49-fold on crabgrass, yellow nutsedge, common purslane, and spurge, respectively, while the 300 µm droplets increased the coverage area on ragweed by 3.88 to 5.86-fold. In contrast, fading times of all 300 µm droplets decreased with the adjuvant addition except for DyneAmic applied on purslane. However, fading times of 600 µm droplets did not have increase or decrease trends with adjuvants, which depended on types of the adjuvant and weed. The overall comparison by integrated index (coverage area × fading time) indicated that a spray droplet at higher adjuvant concentration was likely to have a higher integrated index. In addition, Preference amended droplets had significantly more integrated index increase for crabgrass and nutsedge, while DyneAmic had more increase for purslane. Therefore, appropriate selections of spray adjuvants during herbicide applications could significantly increase droplet deposition effectiveness for controlling specific weeds. Keywords: Spray droplet, Spray additive, Herbicide application, Surfactant, Weed control.
Kinetics of Transesterification Reaction of Soybean Oil into Biodiesel with CaO Catalyst
Authors: Pratigto Setiarto , Istadi Istadi 
Published: October 2019

The use of biodiesel is expected to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In this study, the kinetic reaction of transesterification of soybean oil with methanol will be assessed using heterogeneous CaO solid base catalyst with parameters of mole ratio of reactants to the conversion of methyl ester used to determine the reaction velocity equation. The reaction speed equation is used in the design of a fluidized CSTR (Continues Tank Reactor) reactor to obtain the reactor volume and catalyst weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the form of the velocity reaction equation for soybean and methanol transesterification reactions using CaO catalyst and determine the weight of the catalyst needed by using the reaction speed equation. The study was carried out by transesterification of soybean oil and methanol with CaO catalyst with the independent variable mole ratio of reactants while the fixed variable reaction temperature was 60°C, catalyst weight was 3% (% b/v), reaction time was 180 minutes. The results showed that methanol adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst and triglycerides not adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst showed that the mechanism of the catalytic reaction that occurred was the Eley-Rideal mechanism where one of the reactants was adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst. The form of the speed equation for the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and methanol using a CaO catalyst is . The reaction speed equation is used in the design of the reactor, so that the relationship between the weight of the catalyst needed to convert triglycerides to biodiesel and the predicted calculation of the volume of the reactor used can be done.
Homogenization in BV of a model for layered composites in finite crystal plasticity
Authors: Davoli Elisa , Ferreira Rita , Kreisbeck Carolin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, we study the effective behavior of a two-dimensional variational model within finite crystal plasticity for high-contrast bilayered composites. Precisely, we consider materials arranged into periodically alternating thin horizontal strips of an elastically rigid component and a softer one with one active slip system. The energies arising from these modeling assumptions are of integral form, featuring linear growth and non-convex differential constraints. We approach this non-standard homogenization problem via Gamma-convergence. A crucial first step in the asymptotic analysis is the characterization of rigidity properties of limits of admissible deformations in the space BV of functions of bounded variation. In particular, we prove that, under suitable assumptions, the two-dimensional body may split horizontally into finitely many pieces, each of which undergoes shear deformation and global rotation. This allows us to identify a potential candidate for the homogenized limit energy, which we show to be a lower bound on the Gamma-limit. In the framework of non-simple materials, we present a complete Gamma-convergence result, including an explicit homogenization formula, for a regularized model with an anisotropic penalization in the layer direction.
The Date and Place of Andronicus’ Edition of Aristotle’s Works According to a Neglected Arabic Source
Authors: Perkams Matthias 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents and discusses the notice on the life and work of Andronicus of Rhodes by the famous Arabic philosopher Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī, which has been transmitted by the historian of medicine Ibn Abī ʿUṣaibiʾa. This text, which has never been discussed by modern scholarship on Andronicus, is our only direct source on the life, the time and the place of Andronicus’ famous edition of Aristotle. The paper argues that the informations in this passage must stem from a rather well informed Greek source, which presented an alternative and more complete account than the informations we have from Plutarch. We learn that Andronicus taught Aristotelian philosophy in Alexandria before 30 B.C. and based his editorial work on old Aristotelian manuscripts from the library there. After that date, he accompanied Augustus to Rome where he may have completed his edition. Thus, the late dating of Andronicus’ edition is confirmed by an independent source.
MatteRealities: Historical Trajectories and Conceptual Futures for Material Culture Studies
Authors: Gessner Ingrid , Nandi Miriam , Schwarz-Bierschenk Juliane 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
“No ideas but in things!” William Carlos Williams’s leitmotif for the modernist epic Paterson seems to anticipate the current renewal of academic attention to the materialities of culture: When the Smithsonian Institution accounts for The History of America in 101 Objects (Kurin) or when Neil MacGregor, designated director of the Humboldt Forum in Berlin, aims at telling The History of the World in 100 Objects (2011), they use specimens of material culture as register and archive of human activity. Individual exhibitions explore the role of objects in movements for social and political change (Disobedient Objects, Victoria and Albert Museum, London). Large-scale national museum projects like the new Humboldt Forum in Berlin or the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C., draw attention to the long existence of collections in Western institutions of learning and reveal the inherently political character of material culture—be that by underscoring the importance of institutional recognition of particular identities or by debates about provenance and restitution of human remains and status objects. The plethora of objects assembled in systematic as well as idiosyncratic collections within and outside the university is just beginning to be systematically explored for their roles in learning and education, funded by national research organizations such as the German BMBF.1 In theatrical performances, things function as discussion prompts in biographical work (Aufstand der Dinge, Schauspielhaus Chemnitz) or unfold their potential to induce a bodily experience (The Force of Things: An Opera for Objects, GK Arts Center, Brooklyn, NY). Things are present: as heritage, as commodities, as sensation; they circulate in processes of cognition and mediation, they transcend temporal and spatial distantiations. Things figure in narration and performance, in our everyday life practices, in political activism. They build knowledge of ourselves and others, influence the ways in which we interact with our fellow human beings, and in which we express or control our feelings. They combine the apparently concrete and the fleetingly abstract. Overall, things make us do things.
On a problem of Călugăreanu, Chekhlov and Krylov regarding pure endomorphic images of abelian groups
Authors: Keef Patrick W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A problem of Călugăreanu, Chekhlov and Krylov asks which abelian groups have the property that all of their pure subgroups that are endomorphic images are necessarily summands.
Complete answers are given for the groups in certain classes (for example, the torsion groups).
On the other hand, examples are constructed that show a complete solution to the general problem is likely to be quite difficult.
On a non-stationary, non-Newtonian lubrication problem with Tresca fluid-solid law
Authors: Benterki Djamila , Benseridi Hamid , Dilmi Mourad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with the theoretical analysis of a non-Newtonian lubrication problem in a dynamic regime in a three-dimensional thin domain

Ω
ε

{\Omega^{\varepsilon}}

with Tresca friction law. The problem statement and variational formulation of the problem are formulated. Then the problem is reformulated in a fixed domain, in which case the estimates on velocity and pressure are proved. These estimates are useful in order to give a specific Reynolds equation associated with variational inequalities and prove the uniqueness.
Long-term follow-up of children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: suggestions for age dependent treatment in childhood and puberty
Authors: Pijnenburg-Kleizen Karijn J. , Thomas Chris M.G. , Otten Barto J. , Roeleveld Nel , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
In congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), achieving the balance between overtreatment and undertreatment remains challenging. Final height (FH) can serve as a long-term outcome measure. We aimed to identify age-dependent factors that influence FH in CAH patients, resulting in age-specific treatment goals.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated longitudinal data of 39 pediatric CAH patients born between 1980 and 1997 from the Radboudumc CAH database. We analyzed height and bone age (BA) at diagnosis or 4 years of age, at the start of puberty and at FH. Height data were corrected for parental height and secular trend. Hydrocortisone (HC) use and salivary steroid concentrations were studied longitudinally throughout childhood and puberty.

Results
Median FH standard deviation scores (SDSs) corrected for target height SDSs (THSDSs) was −1.63. Median height SDS corrected for THSDS (HSDS-THSDS) decreased from diagnosis/age 4 years to FH in both salt wasting (SW) CAH and simple virilizing (SV) CAH, and in both male and female patients. However, when height was corrected for BA, no height loss occurred from diagnosis/age 4 years to FH in any of the subgroups, while a height gain was seen in SV males. In the combined model analyzing both HC dose and salivary steroid concentrations, in childhood the androstenedione (A) concentration was negatively associated with FH, while in puberty the HC dose was negatively associated with FH.

Conclusions
In CAH, loss of growth potential already occurs in early childhood. In prepubertal children, exposure to elevated androgens is associated with decreased FH. In puberty, the growth suppressing effects of HC outweigh the negative effects of elevated androgens. Therefore, we suggest different treatment approaches in prepubertal and pubertal patients.
Equity-linked security pricing and Greeks at arbitrary intermediate times using Brownian bridge
Authors: Jang Hanbyeol , Wang Jian , Kim Junseok 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We develop a numerical algorithm for predicting prices and Greeks of equity-linked securities (ELS) with a knock-in barrier at any time over the total time period from issue date to maturity by using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The ELS is one of the most important financial derivatives in Korea. In the proposed algorithm, first we calculate the probability (

0
≤
p
≤
1

{0\leq p\leq 1}

) that underlying asset price never hits the knock-in barrier up to the intermediate evaluation date. Second, we compute two option prices

V

n
⁢
k

{V_{nk}}

and

V
k

{V_{k}}

, where

V

n
⁢
k

{V_{nk}}

is the option value which knock-in event does not occur and

V
k

{V_{k}}

is the option value which knock-in event occurs. Finally, we predict the option value with a weighted average. We apply the proposed algorithm to two- and three-asset ELS. We provide the pseudo-numerical algorithm and computational results to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method.