bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators to implementing the commission on cancer's distress screening program standard
Authors: Knies Andrea K. , Jutagir Devika R. , Ercolano Elizabeth , Pasacreta Nicholas , Lazenby Mark , McCorkle Ruth 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveMany cancer centers struggle to implement standardized distress screening despite the American College of Surgeons’ Commission on Cancer 2012 mandate for a distress screening program standard of care by 2015. This paper presents outcomes for the first cohort of participants (n= 36) of a Screening for Psychosocial Distress Program (SPDP), a 2-year training program designed to assist clinicians in implementing routine distress screening as mandated by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer. Specifically, participants’ success with distress screening implementation, institutional barriers and facilitators to implementation, and the role of the SPDP are described.MethodThis research followed a longitudinal pre- and posttest mixed methods design. An investigator-developed questionnaire collected qualitative (distress screening goals, institutional barriers and facilitators, facilitators associated with participation in the SPDP) and quantitative (level of goal achievement) data at 6, 12, and 24 months of participation in the SPDP. Conventional content analysis was applied to qualitative data. Mixed methods data analysis in Dedoose evaluated (1) types and number of distress screening goals, barriers, and facilitators, and (2) goal achievement at 6, 12, and 24 months of participation.ResultNinety-five percent of distress screening implementation goals were completed after 2 years of participation. Most common institutional barriers to distress screening implementation were “lack of staff,” “competing demands,” and “staff turn-over.” Most common institutional facilitators were “buy-in,” “institutional support,” and “recognition of participants’ expertise.” The number of reported facilitators associated with SPDP participation was higher than the number associated with any institutional factor, and increased over time of participation.Significance of resultsParticipating in training programs to implement distress screening may facilitate successful achievement of the Commission on Cancer's distress screening standard, and benefits seem to increase with time of participation. Training programs are needed to promote facilitators and overcome barriers to distress screening.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE RULES OF GENTZEN’SNJANDLJ
Authors: BORISAVLJEVIĆ MIRJANA 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe connection between the rules and derivations of Gentzen’s calculiNJandLJwill be explained by several steps (i.e., systems), and an analysis of the well-known problems of the connection between reduction steps of normalization and cut elimination, from Zucker (1974) and Urban (2014), will be given.
The Provenance of Terrigenous Components in Marine Sediments Along the East Coast of Southern Africa
Authors: Hahn Annette , Miller Charlotte , Andó Sergio , Bouimetarhan Ilham , Cawthra Hayley C. , Garzanti Eduardo , Green Andrew N. , Radeff Giuditta , Schefuß Enno , Zabel Matthias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTerrestrial signals in marine sediment archives are often used for paleoclimatic reconstructions. It is therefore important to know the origin of the different terrestrial sedimentary components. The proximity to a river mouth is often the key location to determine the source. Especially in regions with strong ocean currents, such an assumption might, however, lead to considerable misinterpretations. To investigate the source of various terrigenous sediment fractions in southeastern Africa, a region with strong sediment redistribution, we have performed an extensive comparison between terrestrial material (pollen, plant lipids, detrital modes, and heavy minerals as well as bulk inorganic geochemical composition) from potential source regions and the same components in the adjacent coastal and continental shelf sediments. Onshore the proxy‐indicators reflect small‐scale diversity in sampling locations and associated environments (riverbank sediments, flood deposits, suspension loads, and soils). Nevertheless, the overall trends reflect significant environmental gradients along a SW to NE transect. We note a general comparability of the studied parameters between the continental and marine sediments regardless of their specific differences in transport and depositional characteristics. We propose that the influence of the Agulhas Current affects sediment deposition and distribution only seaward of the midshelf and that pockets of sediment remain preserved in the lee of coastal protrusions where they are protected from erosion. This study provides the essential prerequisite to allow the attribution of temporal variations of compositional changes in marine sediment cores to environmental changes in southeastern Africa.
Climatically Driven Changes in the Supply of Terrigenous Sediment to the East China Sea
Authors: Anderson C. H. , Murray R. W. , Dunlea A. G. , Giosan L. , Kinsley C. W. , McGee D. , Tada R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe examine the paleoceanographic record over the last ∼400 kyr derived from major, trace, and rare earth elements in bulk sediment from two sites in the East China Sea drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 346. We use multivariate statistical partitioning techniques (Q‐mode factor analysis, multiple linear regression) to identify and quantify five crustal source components (Upper Continental Crust (UCC), Luochuan Loess, Xiashu Loess, Southern Japanese Islands, Kyushu Volcanics), and model their mass accumulation rates (MARs). UCC (35–79% of terrigenous contribution) and Luochuan Loess (16–55% contribution) are the most abundant end‐members through time, while Xiashu Loess, Southern Japanese Islands, and Kyushu Volcanics (1–22% contribution) are the lowest in abundance when present. Cycles in UCC and Luochuan Loess MARs may indicate continental and loess‐like material transported by major rivers into the Okinawa Trough. Increases in sea level and grain size proxy (e.g., SiO2/Al2O3) are coincident with increased flux of Southern Japanese Islands, indicating localized sediment supply from Japan. Increases in total terrigenous MAR precede minimum relative sea levels by several thousand years and may indicate remobilization of continental shelf material. Changes in the relative contribution of these end‐members are decoupled from total MAR, indicating compositional changes in the sediment are distinct from accumulation rate changes but may be linked to variations in sea level, riverine and eolian fluxes, and shelf‐bypass processes over glacial‐interglacials, complicating accurate monsoon reconstructions from fluvial dominated sediment.
Analysis of Hypoxia and Sensitivity to Nutrient Pollution in Salish Sea
Authors: Khangaonkar Tarang , Nugraha Adi , Xu Wenwei , Long Wen , Bianucci Laura , Ahmed Anise , Mohamedali Teizeen , Pelletier Greg 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIncreasing levels of nutrients, persistent hypoxia, harmful algal blooms, and increased frequency of fish kills are degrading the ecological health of the Salish Sea. An improved version of a diagnostic hydrodynamic and biogeochemical model (nutrients, phytoplankton, carbon, dissolved oxygen, and pH) of the Salish Sea has been developed with the ability to simulate characteristic circulation and water quality features. Sensitivity tests were conducted to assess the responsiveness of the system to land‐based (rivers and wastewater sources) nutrient loading. The influence of Fraser River on the magnitude of estuarine exchange with the Pacific Ocean and nearshore habitat was examined given that it contributes nearly half of the total freshwater discharged to the Salish Sea. A large region of hypoxia in Hood Canal that extends over 30–40 km during its peak was reproduced and attributed primarily to the existence of a two‐layer classic fjord‐type circulation and a nearly stagnant deep bottom layer that occupies nearly 60% of the water column. Nitrate mass in the euphotic zone from land‐based and oceanic sources is depleted to near‐zero limiting levels during summer. Under such conditions, the Salish Sea is responsive to changes in nutrient loads entering the euphotic zone directly. A hypothetical scenario involving the elimination of land‐based nutrient sources results in notable water‐quality improvement, featuring a reduction in algal biomass (≈5.4%), reduction in sediment oxygen demand (≈17.1%), and significant reduction in hypoxic area (≈39%) and exposure in area‐days to bottom layer hypoxia (≈62%) within the Salish Sea.
Sensitivities of Simulated Satellite Views of Clouds to Subgrid‐Scale Overlap and Condensate Heterogeneity
Authors: Hillman B. R. , Marchand R. T. , Ackerman T. P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSatellite simulators are often used to account for limitations in satellite retrievals of cloud properties in comparisons between models and satellite observations. The purpose of this framework is to enable more robust evaluation of model cloud properties, so that differences between models and observations can more confidently be attributed to model errors. A critical step in this process is accounting for the difference between the spatial scales at which cloud properties are retrieved with those at which clouds are simulated in global models. In this study, we create a series of sensitivity tests using 4‐km global model output from the multiscale modeling framework to evaluate the sensitivity of simulated satellite retrievals to common assumptions about cloud and precipitation overlap and condensate variability used in climate models whose grid spacing is many tens to hundreds of kilometers. We find the simulated retrievals are sensitive to these assumptions. Using maximum‐random overlap with homogeneous cloud and precipitation condensate leads to errors in Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project‐simulated cloud cover and in CloudSat‐simulated radar reflectivity that are significant compared to typical differences between the model simulations and observations. A more realistic treatment of unresolved clouds and precipitation is shown to substantially reduce these errors. The sensitivity to these assumptions underscores the need for the adoption of more realistic subcolumn treatments in models and the need for consistency among subcolumn assumptions between models and simulators to ensure that simulator‐diagnosed errors are consistent with the model formulation.
Evaluation of Remotely Sensed and Reanalysis Soil Moisture Against In Situ Observations on the Himalayan‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Fan Keke , Singh Vijay P. , Sun Peng , Shi Peijun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study collected soil moisture (SM) observations from 100 in situ observations and compared them with widely used SM estimations, derived from the Essential Climate Variables, European Reanalysis (ERA)‐Interim, the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, and Noah at spatial resolutions of 0.25° × 0.25°, 0.5° × 0.5°, and 1° × 1° during unfreezing and freezing periods. Results indicate that all estimations except ERA can depict the SM changes on the Himalayan‐Tibetan Plateau (HTP) well to some extent and Noah performs the best as a whole. In the Ngari region, however, SM estimations substantially overestimate SM observations. In the Naqu region, except ERA, SM estimations overestimate the SM amount during freezing periods but underestimate the SM amount during unfreezing periods. In Maqu, except ERA, SM estimations can characterize SM variations with substantial underestimation of SM during unfreezing periods, however, slight underestimation of SM during freezing periods. In space, the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications and Noah can evaluate the spatial distribution of SM better. The SM changes across most parts of the HTP are heavily influenced by precipitation changes. In addition, these changes in the western flank of the HTP are the combined result of snow and glacial melting and precipitation. Except in the western and northern regions, SM during unfreezing periods is usually higher than during freezing periods. Besides, evaluations can better describe SM changes at medium and large spatial scales than at small spatial scales. This study provides important basis for the selection of proper remote sensing and reanalysis SM data sets for the analysis of SM on the HTP.
Reflection of Electromagnetic Waves From Moving Interfaces for Analyzing Shock Phenomenon in Solids
Authors: Rougier B. , Aubert H. , Lefrançois A. , Barbarin Y. , Luc J. , Osmont A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new closed‐form expression is derived in this paper for computing the electromagnetic field reflected by two moving parallel interfaces. Next, the interfaces velocities and refractive index between interfaces are derived from measurable frequencies and amplitudes embedded in the reflected electromagnetic field. As an application, the remote analysis of the shock wave phenomenon in solids is reported and shock wave descriptors are estimated. Based on the proposed approach, physical insights on measurement published results are reported. Moreover, new measurement data on shocked polymethyl methacrylate material are presented and discussed.
Constraining Instantaneous Fluxes and Integrated Compositions of Fluvially Discharged Organic Matter
Authors: Freymond Chantal V. , Lupker Maarten , Peterse Francien , Haghipour Negar , Wacker Lukas , Filip Florin , Giosan Liviu , Eglinton Timothy I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFluvial export of organic carbon (OC) and burial in ocean sediments comprises an important carbon sink, but fluxes remain poorly constrained, particularly for specific organic components. Here OC and lipid biomarker contents and isotopic characteristics of suspended matter determined in depth profiles across an active channel close to the terminus of the Danube River are used to constrain instantaneous OC and biomarker fluxes and integrated compositions during high to moderate discharges. During high (moderate) discharge, the total Danube exports 8 (7) kg/s OC, 7 (3) g/s higher plant‐derived long‐chain fatty acids (LCFA), 34 (21) g/s short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), and 0.5 (0.2) g/s soil bacterial membrane lipids (brGDGTs). Integrated stable carbon isotopic compositions were TOC: −28.0 (−27.6)‰, LCFA: −33.5 (−32.8)‰ and Δ14C TOC: −129 (−38)‰, LCFA: −134 (−143)‰, respectively. Such estimates will aid in establishing quantitative links between production, export, and burial of OC from the terrestrial biosphere.
New Magnetic Anomaly Map of the Antarctic
Authors: Golynsky A. V. , Ferraccioli F. , Hong J. K. , Golynsky D. A. , von Frese R. R. B. , Young D. A. , Blankenship D. D. , Holt J. W. , Ivanov S. V. , Kiselev A. V. , Masolov V. N. , Eagles G. , Gohl K. , Jokat W. , Damaske D. , Finn C. , Aitken A. , Bell R. E. , Armadillo E. , Jordan T. A. , Greenbaum J. S. , Bozzo E. , Caneva G. , Forsberg R. , Ghidella M. , Galindo‐Zaldivar J. , Bohoyo F. , Martos Y. M. , Nogi Y. , Quartini E. , Kim H. R. , Roberts J. L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe second generation Antarctic magnetic anomaly compilation for the region south of 60°S includes some 3.5 million line‐km of aeromagnetic and marine magnetic data that more than doubles the initial map's near‐surface database. For the new compilation, the magnetic data sets were corrected for the International Geomagnetic Reference Field, diurnal effects, and high‐frequency errors and leveled, gridded, and stitched together. The new magnetic data further constrain the crustal architecture and geological evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula and the West Antarctic Rift System in West Antarctica, as well as Dronning Maud Land, the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, the Prince Charles Mountains, Princess Elizabeth Land, and Wilkes Land in East Antarctica and the circumjacent oceanic margins. Overall, the magnetic anomaly compilation helps unify disparate regional geologic and geophysical studies by providing new constraints on major tectonic and magmatic processes that affected the Antarctic from Precambrian to Cenozoic times.
Observations and Modeling of Long‐Period Ground‐Motion Amplification Across Northeast China
Authors: Chen Haichao , Tsai Victor C. , Niu Fenglin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBasin resonances can significantly amplify and prolong ground shaking, and accurate site‐amplification estimates are crucial for mitigating potential seismic hazards within metropolitan basins. In this work, we estimate the site amplification of long‐period (2–10 s) ground motions across northeast China for both surface waves and vertically incident shear waves. The spatial distribution of relatively large site amplifications correlates strongly with known sedimentary basins for both wave types. However, the site response of surface waves is typically twice as high as that of shear waves at most basin sites. We further show that these site‐amplification features can be well explained by predictions based on the local one‐dimensional structure at each site. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for surface‐wave contributions and demonstrate the usefulness of semi‐analytical theory for surface‐wave amplification, which may be broadly applicable in future seismic hazard analysis.
Site Diversity Prediction at a Tropical Location From Single‐Site Rain Measurements Using a Bayesian Technique
Authors: Das Saurabh , Jameson A. R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSite diversity is one of the few fade mitigation techniques that are actively explored to overcome the serious fading condition encountered in high‐frequency satellite communication, particularly over tropical regions. However, the study of site diversity performance is limited over tropical regions due to unavailability of simultaneous fade measurements from multiple locations as well as the lack of data on spatial rain pattern from radar measurements. We propose here a copula‐based Bayesian approach to study the site diversity performance utilizing only a single location's drop size distribution measurement. Study of diversity performance has been done for Ahmedabad, India, utilizing 3 years of disdrometer data. Effects of frequency, elevation angle, and site separation on diversity gain are investigated using the proposed method. Results are compared with two ITU‐R models, site diversity results from Italy, a temperate region, and Singapore, another tropical location. The spatial correlation obtained through this technique is also compared with radar observations in Oklahoma, a totally different climatic regime. The simple ITU‐R model is found to be underpredicting the diversity gain significantly for the present location whereas the explicit ITU‐R model shows overprediction above 8 dB for single‐site rain attenuation values. Comparison with measurements at Italy shows similar diversity gains for low single‐site attenuation values. The results reported for Singapore matches well with the present method. The study indicates room for improvement in the present ITU‐R model considering the different nature of tropical rain and that the proposed method is suitable for such a purpose.
Quantification and modeling of mechanical degradation in lithium-ion batteries based on nanoscale imaging
Authors: Müller Simon , Pietsch Patrick , Brandt Ben-Elias , Baade Paul , De Andrade Vincent , De Carlo Francesco , Wood Vanessa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCapacity fade in lithium-ion battery electrodes can result from a degradation mechanism in which the carbon black-binder network detaches from the active material. Here we present two approaches to visualize and quantify this detachment and use the experimental results to develop and validate a model that considers how the active particle size, the viscoelastic parameters of the composite electrode, the adhesion between the active particle and the carbon black-binder domain, and the solid electrolyte interphase growth rate impact detachment and capacity fade. Using carbon-silicon composite electrodes as a model system, we demonstrate X-ray nano-tomography and backscatter scanning electron microscopy with sufficient resolution and contrast to segment the pore space, active particles, and carbon black-binder domain and quantify delamination as a function of cycle number. The validated model is further used to discuss how detachment and capacity fade in high-capacity materials can be minimized through materials engineering.
Amino acid-dependent cMyc expression is essential for NK cell metabolic and functional responses in mice
Authors: Loftus Róisín M. , Assmann Nadine , Kedia-Mehta Nidhi , O’Brien Katie L. , Garcia Arianne , Gillespie Conor , Hukelmann Jens L. , Oefner Peter J. , Lamond Angus I. , Gardiner Clair M. , Dettmer Katja , Cantrell Doreen A. , Sinclair Linda V. , Finlay David K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes with important anti-tumour functions. Cytokine activation of NK cell glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are essential for robust NK cell responses. However, the mechanisms leading to this metabolic phenotype are unclear. Here we show that the transcription factor cMyc is essential for IL-2/IL-12-induced metabolic and functional responses in mice. cMyc protein levels are acutely regulated by amino acids; cMyc protein is lost rapidly when glutamine is withdrawn or when system l-amino acid transport is blocked. We identify SLC7A5 as the predominant system l-amino acid transporter in activated NK cells. Unlike other lymphocyte subsets, glutaminolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle do not sustain OXPHOS in activated NK cells. Glutamine withdrawal, but not the inhibition of glutaminolysis, results in the loss of cMyc protein, reduced cell growth and impaired NK cell responses. These data identify an essential role for amino acid-controlled cMyc for NK cell metabolism and function.
Large herbivores influence plant litter decomposition by altering soil properties and plant quality in a meadow steppe
Authors: Wang Zhongnan , Yuan Xia , Wang Deli , Zhang Yang , Zhong Zhiwei , Guo Qinfeng , Feng Chao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLarge herbivores act as a major driver of plant litter decomposition in grasslands. The modifications of soil biotic and abiotic properties, as well as the changes in quality (C/N ratio) of plant litter, are two key pathways by which large herbivores can affect litter decomposition. Yet we know little about the relative role of these two mechanisms in mediating decomposition. Here, by combining a large-scale and a small-scale field manipulative experiment, we examined how livestock (cattle and sheep) grazing affects standing litter decomposition of a dominant grass,Leymus chinensisin grasslands in northeast China. We found that livestock grazing affected litter decay rate both by its influences on soil property (soil moisture, nutrient content, and microbial communities) and on plant litter quality (C/N ratio). Due to their distinct body size and diet preference, cattle and sheep affected soil property and litter quality, thus litter decay rate, differently by causing varying disturbance regimes and by feeding on different dominant species. Our study provides evidence that herbivore grazing can influence litter decomposition by modifying soil conditions and litter quality independently. Therefore, choosing the proper large herbivore(s) in grazing regimes may be important in maintaining nutrient cycling in grassland ecosystems.