bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic orchiopexy of palpable undescended testes - experience of a single tertiary institution with over 773 cases
Authors: You Jia , Li Gang , Li Shuang , Chen Haitao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background To discuss the feasibility and superiority of laparoscopic orchiopexy in the treatment of inguinal palpable undescended Testicles. Methods Inclusion criteria: Preoperative examination and color Doppler ultrasound examination confirmed that the testes were located in the inguinal canal and could not be pulled into the scrotum, except for retractive and ectopic testes. The surgical steps were depicted as follow. The retroperitoneal wall was carved by ultrasonic scalpels, separates the spermatic vessels closed to the inferior pole of the kidney, dissects the peritoneum of vas deferens, cuts the testicular gubernaculum, and pulls back the testicle into the abdominal cavity. Besides, protect the vas deferens, and descend the testes to the scrotum and fix them without tension. Results There were 773 patients with 869 inguinal undescended palpable testes, 218 cases on the left side, 459 cases on the right side and 96 cases with bilateral undescended testes, whose age ranged from 6 months to 8 years, with an average of 20 months. All testes were successfully operated, no converted to open surgery. The average operation time was (34.8 ± 5.4) min. There were 692 testes have an ipsilateral patent processus vaginalis (89.5%); In 677 cases of unilateral cryptorchidism, 233 cases (34.4%) have a contralateral occult hernia, and the hernia sac is ligated during the surgery. There was no subcutaneous emphysema during the operation, no vomiting, no abdominal distension, no wound bleeding and obvious pain after surgery, especially wound infection is rarely. Doppler ultrasound was evaluated regularly after surgery. The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months. All the testes were located in the scrotum without testicular retraction and atrophy. No inguinal hernia or hydrocele was found in follow-up examination. Conclusion Laparoscopic orchiopexy manage inguinal palpable cryptorchidism is safe and effective, and there are obvious minimally invasive advantages. It could detect and treat contralateral patent processus vaginalis at the same time and avoid the occurrence of metachronous inguinal hernia.
Drusen Characteristics of Type 2 Macular Neovascularization in Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Ahmed Daniel , Stattin Martin , Haas Anna-Maria , Graf Alexandra , Krepler Katharina , Ansari-Shahrezaei Siamak 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
To assess the relationship between drusen characteristics and type 2 macular neovascularization (MNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods
Retrospective data analysis of eyes previously diagnosed with neovascular AMD in a tertiary eye care center (Medical Retina Unit, Rudolf Foundation Hospital, Vienna, Austria) between June 2008 and December 2017. Drusen subtypes, fibrosis, atrophy and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of both eyes in patients with type 2 MNV lesions were categorized based on multimodal imaging.
Results
Type 2 MNV was diagnosed in 27 (3.2%) of 835 eyes (749 patients). Drusen characteristics in type 2 MNV were observed as followed: drusen < 63 m in 2 eyes (7.4%), drusen ≥ 63 mm in 10 eyes (37%), subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) in 8 eyes (29.6%), cuticular drusen in 2 eye (7.4%) and no drusen were evident in 10 eyes (37%). Drusen distribution in 23 fellow eyes was detected as followed: drusen < 63 mm in 2 eyes (8.7%), drusen ≥ 63 mm in 9 eyes (39.1%), SDD in 5 eyes (21.7%), cuticular drusen in 1 eye (4.3%) and no drusen were evident in 8 eyes (34.8%). Mean SFCT was 140 ± 49 mm in affected eyes and 152 ± 41 mm in the fellow eyes.
Conclusions
Type 2 MNV remains a rare entity in AMD. It was frequently seen in the absence of
drusen, a hallmark of AMD. These findings suggest other biological pathways related
to pure type 2 lesions.
Evaluation of vitrectomy combined preoperative intravitreal ranibizumab and postoperative intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Du Zhaodong , Hu Liting , Wang Wenying , Zhang Lina , Chen Qiulu , Lin Jing , Zhao Guiqiu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: To explore the treatment efficacy of the combination of preoperative intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and postoperative intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: A retrospective comparative study was performed on 128 eyes of 128 patients who had PDR and underwent PPV. Patients who received a single PPV were assigned to Group A. Those who received PPV with preoperative IVR were assigned to Group B. Patients in Group C underwent PPV combined preoperative IVR and postoperative IVTA. Intraoperative findings, changes in mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative adverse events were retrospectively evaluated at 6-month follow-up.

Results: The incidences of iatrogenic breaks, severe intraoperative bleeding, using long-term internal tamponade agents, recurrent vitreous hemorrhage (VH) and duration of surgery were statistically significantly less in Group B and Group C than in Group A. The postoperative BCVA was statistically significantly better in Groups B and Group C than in Group A respectively at 1 month after surgery. The mean 3-month postoperative visual acuity was better in Group C. The incidence of high intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly higher in Group C at the first postoperative week. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of exudative retinal detachment and choroidal detachment among the three groups.

Conclusion: In patients undergoing PPV for PDR, preoperative IVR significantly reduced the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications, and the combination of preoperative IVR and postoperative IVTA can better improve the postoperative visual outcome.
Differences in factors influencing the use of eRehabilitation after stroke; a comparison between Brazilian and Dutch healthcare professionals
Authors: Brouns Berber , Bodegom-Vos Leti van , de Kloet Arend J. , Vlieland Thea P.M. Vliet , Gil Ingrid L.C. , Souza Lígia M.N. , Braga Lucia W. , Meesters Jorit J.L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Introduction: To improve the use of eRehabilitation after stroke, the identification of barriers and facilitators influencing this use in different healthcare contexts around the world is needed. Therefore, this study aims to investigate differences and similarities in factors influencing the use of eRehabilitation after stroke among Brazilian Healthcare Professionals (BHP) and Dutch Healthcare Professionals (DHP). Method: A cross-sectional survey study including 88 statements about factors related to the use of eRehabilitation (4-point Likert scale; 1-4; unimportant-important/disagree-agree). The survey was conducted among BHP and DHP (physical therapists, rehabilitating physicians and psychologists). Descriptive statistics were used to analyse differences and similarities in factors influencing the use of eRehabilitation. Results: ninety-nine (response rate 27%) BHP and 105 (response rate 37%) DHP participated. Differences were found in the top-10 most influencing statements between BHP and DHP; top-10 least influencing statements were mostly similar. Discussion: The results indicate that the use of eRehabilitation after stroke by BHP and DHP is influenced by different factors. A tailored implementation strategy for both countries needs to be developed; BHP were most influenced by support from the organization and the potential benefits of the use of eRehabilitation, DHP by the feasibility of the use of eRehabilitation for the patient. Statements with low influence like problems caused by patient characteristics or problems with resources, were comparable for both groups and should have less priority in the implementation strategies.
Missense mutations in a transmembrane domain of the Komagataeibacter xylinus BcsA lead to changes in cellulose synthesis
Authors: Salgado Luis , Blank Silvia , Esfahani Reza Alipour Moghadam , Strap Janice L. , Bonetta Dario 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Cellulose is synthesized by an array of bacterial species. Komagataeibacter xylinus is the best characterized as it produces copious amounts of the polymer extracellularly. Despite many advances in the past decade, the mechanisms underlying cellulose biosynthesis are not completely understood. Elucidation of these mechanisms is essential for efficient cellulose production in industrial applications. Results In an effort to gain a better understanding of cellulose biosynthesis and its regulation, cellulose crystallization was investigated in K. xylinus mutants resistant to an inhibitor of cellulose I formation, pellicin. Through the use of forward genetics and site-directed mutagenesis, A449T and A449V mutations in the K. xylinus BcsA protein were found to be important for conferring high levels of pellicin resistance. Phenotypic analysis of the bcsAA449T and bcsAA449V cultures revealed that the mutations affect cellulose synthesis rates and that cellulose crystallinity is affected in wet pellicles but not dry ones. Conclusions A449 is located in a predicted transmembrane domain of the BcsA protein suggesting that the structure of the transmembrane domain influences cellulose crystallization either by affecting the translocation of the nascent glucan chain or by allosterically altering protein-protein interactions.
Molecular characterization of human isolates of Strongyloides stercoralis and Rhabditis spp. based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1)
Authors: Tehrani Mandana Fadaei , Sharifdini Meysam , Zahabiun Farzaneh , Latifi Robabeh , Kia Eshrat bigom 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: Due to the similarity of Strongyloides stercoralis with free-living nematodes of Rhabditis species they might be miss-diagnosed with each other in microscopical examination of stool samples. The aim of this study was molecular characterization and differentiation of human derived isolates of S. stercoralis and Rhabditis species based on the mitochondrial gene of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox1 ) amplification.
Methods: Using parasitological methods, ten isolates of S. stercoralis and three isolates of Rhabditis spp. were obtained from fresh stool samples of patients and the genomic DNA of the samples were extracted. PCR amplification of cox1 gene was carried out for all the isolates and the products were sequenced.
Results: The phylogenetic analysis illustrated that S. stercoralis and Rhabditis spp. isolates were placed in two distinguishable separate clades. Inter-species genetic variation between isolates of S. stercoralis and Rhabditis spp . were ranged from 13.5 to 14.5%.
Conclusions: Cox1 gene was a suitable marker for discrimination of S. stercoralis from Rhabditis spp. retrieved from human in the current study. The availability of gene sequence information will be helpful in the future development and validation of discriminatory PCR-based assays of these nematodes.
A global scan of how the issue of nutrient loading and harmful algal blooms is being addressed by governments, non-governmental organizations, and volunteers
Authors: Foulon Étienne , Rousseau Alain N. , Benoy Glenn , North Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHarmful algal blooms (HABs) in aquatic ecosystems are of concern worldwide. This review deals with how jurisdictions around the world are addressing this water quality issue to inform recommendations regarding nutrient loading and HABs in Missisquoi Bay-Lake Champlain and Lake Memphremagog; transboundary lakes located in the USA and Canada that suffer from symptoms of eutrophication. A global scan of the literature resulted in the consideration of 12 case studies of large water bodies within large watersheds, excluding in-lake geoengineering approaches. Although all of the systems experience excessive nutrient loading, they vary in two key ways: sources of nutrients and manifestations of eutrophication ranging from HABs, to limited recreational uses, to the additional complexity of internal loadings and fish kills, up to drinking water shutdowns. The case studies were analyzed with respect to four categories of approaches, namely: (i) regulatory; (ii) incentive-based; (iii) risk mitigation; and (iv) outreach, engagement, and educational. We found that the management frameworks are based on integrated watershed management planning and national standards. National water quality standards, however, are not stringent enough to prevent HABs. Overall, identified case studies did not successfully remediate HABs, they simply managed them.
Caspase-1 as Molecular Key in Cardiac Remodeling during Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3 in the Murine Model
Authors: Trentin-Sonoda Mayra , Fratoni Frayli Maltoni , da Cruz Junho Carolina Victoria , Silva Wellington Caio , Panico Karine , Carneiro-Ramos Marcela Sorelli 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Renal ischemia/reperfusion induces a systemic inflammatory
response that is directly related to the development of cardiac hypertrophy due to
cardiorenal syndrome type 3. Classic inflammatory pathways have been extensively
investigated in cardiovascular diseases, including the participation of inflammasome in
caspase-1-dependent IL-1β cleavage.

Objective:
In this study, we aimed to understand how lack of caspase-1 would impact
the hypertrophic and apoptotic response in the heart after renal ischemia/reperfusion.

Methods:
Wildtype and caspase-1 knockout animals were submitted to a renal
ischemia/reperfusion protocol. Briefly, left kidney ischemia was induced in male C57BL/6
mice for 60 min, followed by reperfusion for 15 days. Gene expression was analysed by
Real-Time PCR. Caspase activity was also evaluated.

Results:
Lack of caspase-1 led to a more pronounced cardiac hypertrophy in mice
subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion. Such hypertrophic process was accompanied
by increased activity of caspase3/7 and 9, indicating apoptosis initiation in an IL-1β-
independent manner.

Conclusion:
Our data corroborate important findings on the role of caspase-1 in the
development of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling.
N-Acetyl Cysteine Attenuates the Sarcopenia and Muscle Apoptosis Induced by Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Abrigo Johanna , Marín Tabita , Aguirre Francisco , Tacchi Franco , Vilos Cristian , Simon Felipe , Arrese Marco , Cabrera Daniel , Cabello-Verrugio Claudio 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and
strength (muscle atrophy) because of aging or chronic diseases, such as chronic liver
disease (CLD). Different mechanisms are involved in skeletal muscle atrophy, including
decreased muscle fibre diameter and myosin heavy chain levels and increased
ubiquitin–proteasome pathway activity, oxidative stress and myonuclear apoptosis. We
recently found that all these mechanisms, except myonuclear apoptosis, which was not
evaluated in the previous study, were involved in muscle atrophy associated with
hepatotoxin 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced CLD.

Objective:
In the present study, we evaluated the involvement of myonuclear apoptosis
in CLD-associated sarcopenia and the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treatment on
muscle strength and apoptosis, using a DDC-supplemented diet-fed mouse model.

Methods:
Four-month-old male C57BL6 mice were fed with a standard or DDCsupplemented
diet for six weeks in the absence or presence of NAC treatment.

Results:
Our results showed that NAC attenuated the decrease in muscle fibre diameter
and muscle strength associated with CLD-induced muscle wasting in gastrocnemius
(GA) muscle of DDC-supplemented diet-fed mice. In addition, in GA muscle of the mice
fed with DDC-supplemented diet-induced CLD showed increased myonuclear apoptosis
compared with the GA muscle of the control diet-fed mice, as evidenced by increased
apoptotic nuclei number, caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression, enzymatic activity of
caspase-3 and BAX/BCL-2 ratio. NAC treatment inhibited all the mechanisms
associated with myonuclear apoptosis in the GA muscle.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the first study which reports the redox regulation
of muscle strength and myonuclear apoptosis in CLD-induced sarcopenia.
Effects of Stearic Acid on Proliferation, Differentiation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Yang Yuan , Huang Jin , Li Jianzhong , Yang Huansheng , Yin Yulong 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Stearic acid (SA), a saturated long-chain fatty acid consisting of
18 carbon atoms, is widely found in feed ingredients, such as corn, soybeans, and
wheat. However, the roles of SA in the renewal of intestinal epithelial cells remain
unclear.

Methods and Results:
In the present study, we found that 0.01-0.1 mM SA promoted
IPEC-J2 cell differentiation and did not affect IPEC-J2 cell viability. In addition, the
results showed that the viability of IPEC-J2 cells was inhibited by SA in a time- and
dose-dependent manner at high concentrations. Flow cytometry and western blot
analysis suggested that SA induced apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in cells. In
addition, the amounts of triglyceride were significantly increased upon challenge with
SA. Moreover, the decrease in the viability of cells induced by SA could be attenuated
by 4-PBA, an inhibitor of ER stress.

Conclusion:
In summary, SA accelerated IPEC-J2 cell differentiation at 0.01-0.1 mM.
Furthermore, SA induced IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis and autophagy by causing ER stress.
Artificial Hibernation by Phenothiazines: A Potential Neuroprotective Therapy Against Cerebral Inflammation in Stroke
Authors: Guan Longfei , Guo Sichao , Yip James , Elkin Kenneth B. , Li Fengwu , Peng Changya , Geng Xiaokun , Ding Yuchuan 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The inflammatory response to acute cerebral ischemia is a major factor in
stroke pathobiology and patient outcome. In the clinical setting, no effective pharmacologic treatments
are currently available. Phenothiazine drugs, such as chlorpromazine and promethazine,
(C+P) have been widely studied because of their ability to induce neuroprotection through artificial
hibernation after stroke. The present study determined their effect on the inflammatory response.

Methods:
Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) sham, (2) stroke, (3) stroke treated
by C+P without temperature control and (4) stroke treated by C+P with temperature control (n=8
per group). To assess the neuroprotective effect of C+P, brain damage was measured using infarct
volume and neurological deficits. The expression of inflammatory response molecules tumor necrosis
factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular
cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated
B cells (NF-κB) was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting

Results:
TNF-α, IL-1β, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and NF-κB mRNA and protein expressions were upregulated,
and brain damage and neurological deficits were increased after stroke. These markers
of cerebral injury were significantly reduced following C+P administration under drug-induced
hypothermia, while C+P administration under normal body temperature reduced them by a lesser
degree.

Conclusion:
This study showed an inhibitory effect of C+P on brain inflammation, which may be
partially dependent on drug-induced hibernation, as well as other mechanisms of action by these
drugs. These findings further suggest the great potential of C+P in the clinical treatment of ischemic
stroke.
Pharmacokinetic Differences of Grape Seed Procyanidins According to the Gavage Administration Between Normal Rats and Alzheimer's Disease Rats
Authors: Cheng Xinhui , Zhang Jingying , Jing Huiting , Qi Yu , Yan Tingxu , Wu Bo , Du Yiyang , Xiao Feng , Jia Ying 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Grape Seed Procyanidins (GSP) refers to a type of natural polyphenols
that have to roust antioxidant capacity. Studies have shed light on the fact that GSP significantly
impacts the alleviation of Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

Objective:
This study aimed at investigating whether there exists a pharmacokinetics difference in
GSP between normal and AD rats, a rapid UPLC-MS/MS methodology, for the detection of its
content in plasma samples was put forward. We carried out an analysis of the plasma concentrations
of procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3, catechin and epicatechin in normal and AD rats over time
for determining the plasma concentration of GSP.

Methods:
We made use of 400 μL of methanol for the protein precipitation solvent in the plasma
treatment. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column at a temperature of 20 °C.
The mobile phase was a gradient of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol within 15 min.

Results:
: In the current research work, the plasma concentrations of procyanidin B2, procyanidin
B3, catechin and epicatechin in AD rats were significantly higher as compared with those in normal
rats (P < 0.05) and the content of epicatechin constituted the highest as compared with catechin,
procyanidin B2 and procyanidin B3 following the administration of GSP.

Conclusion:
We discovered the better absorptions of these analytes in the AD group as compared
with that in the normal group, providing an analytical basis for treating the AD with procyanidins.
Exploring of Taguchi Design in the Optimization of Brinzolamide and Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic in-situ Gel Used in Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: Shah Purvi , Thakkar Vaishali , Anjana Vishvas , Christian Jenee , Trivedi Roma , Patel Kalpana , Gohel Mukesh , Gandhi Tejal 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
The present research work focuses on experimental design assisted In-situ gel
for fixed dose combination.

Significance:
Brinzolamide(BZ) BCS class II drug and Timolol Maleate (TM), a BCS class I drug
is formulated for obtaining the sustained effect, increased ocular bioavailability and reduction of
dose leading to better patient compliance.

Methods:
The material attributes were gelrite, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K4M(HPMC K4M)
and HP-β-CD and critical quality attributes identified were gel strength, mucoadhesive index and
percentage of drug release of both drugs. BZ and TM were successfully formulated in ion-triggered
In-situ gelling system using Taguchi design with minimum trials.

Results:
The final optimized formula 0.5 %w/v gelrite, 0.5 %w/v HPMC K4M, 1:2.5 Ratio of drug
to HP-β-CD as well as 150rpm stirring rate exhibited acceptable results with enhanced solubility of
BZ. The pharmacodynamic study revealed a decrease in intraocular pressure for In-situ gel (17.3)
compared to conventional marketed suspension. Moreover, delayed mean residence time and high
AUC (61.237 and 4523.65) of In-situ gel indicates prolonged residence time with sustained release.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, excellent ocular tolerance and longer action of gelrite and HPMC K4M.
In-situ gel for BZ and TM can be explored as potential alternative to marketed formulation reducing
the frequency of administration and improving patient compliance in glaucoma.