bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hop‐family Helicobacter outer membrane adhesins form a novel class of Type 5‐like secretion proteins with an interrupted β‐barrel domain
Authors: Coppens Fanny , Castaldo Gaetano , Debraekeleer Ayla , Subedi Suresh , Moonens Kristof , Lo Alvin , Remaut Han 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe human stomach pathogen Helicobacter pyloriattaches to healthy and inflamed gastric tissue through members of a paralogous family of ‘Helicobacter outer membrane proteins’ (Hops), including adhesins BabA, SabA, HopQ, LabA and HopZ. Hops share a conserved 25 kDa C‐terminal region that is thought to form an autotransporter‐like transmembrane domain. Instead, our results show that Hops contain a non‐continuous transmembrane domain, composed of seven predicted β–strands at the C–terminus and one at the N‐terminus. Folding and outer membrane localization of the C–terminal β–domain critically depends on a predicted transmembrane β‐strand within the first 16 N‐terminal residues. The N‐terminus is shown to reside in the periplasm, and our crystal and small angle X‐ray scattering structures for the SabA extracellular domain reveal a conserved coiled‐coil stem domain that connects to transmembrane β‐strand 1 and 2. Taken together, our data show that Hop adhesins represent a novel outer membrane protein topology encompassing an OmpA‐like 8–stranded β‐barrel that is interrupted by a 15–108 kDa domain inserted inside the first extracellular loop. The insertion of large, folded domains in an extracellular loop is unprecedented in bacterial outer membrane proteins and is expected to have important consequences on how these proteins reach the cell surface.
Connectivity of centermost chromatophores in Rhodobacter sphaeroides bacteria
Authors: Noble Jade M. , Lubieniecki Johann , Savitzky Benjamin H. , Plitzko Jürgen , Engelhardt Harald , Baumeister Wolfgang , Kourkoutis Lena F. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe size of whole Rhodobacter sphaeroides prevents 3D visualization of centermost chromatophores in their native environment. This study combines cryo‐focused ion beam milling with cryo‐electron tomography to probe vesicle architecture both in situ and in 3D. Developing chromatophores are membrane‐bound buds that remain in topological continuity with the cytoplasmic membrane and detach into vesicles when mature. Mature chromatophores closest to the cell wall are typically isolated vesicles, whereas centermost chromatophores are either linked to neighboring chromatophores or contain smaller, budding structures. Isolated chromatophores comprised a minority of centermost chromatophores. Connections between vesicles in growing bacteria are through ~10 nm‐long, ~5 nm‐wide linkers, and are thus physical rather than functional in terms of converting photons to ATP. In cells in the stationary phase, chromatophores fuse with neighboring vesicles, lose their spherical structure, and greatly increase in volume. The fusion and morphological changes seen in older bacteria are likely a consequence of the aging process, and are not representative of connectivity in healthy R. sphaeroides. Our results suggest that chromatophores can adopt either isolated or connected morphologies within a single bacterium. Revealing the organization of chromatophore vesicles throughout the cell is an important step in understanding the photosynthetic mechanisms in R. sphaeroides.
Aspartate deficiency limits peptidoglycan synthesis and sensitizes cells to antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Zhao Heng , Roistacher Daniel M. , Helmann John D. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPeptidoglycan synthesis is an important target for antibiotics and relies on intermediates derived from central metabolism. As a result, alterations of metabolism may affect antibiotic sensitivity. An aspB mutant is auxotrophic for aspartate (Asp) and asparagine (Asn) and lyses when grown in Difco sporulation medium (DSM), but not in LB medium. Genetic and physiological studies, supported by amino acid analysis, reveal that cell lysis in DSM results from Asp limitation due to a relatively low Asp and high glutamate (Glu) concentrations, with Glu functioning as a competitive inhibitor of Asp uptake by the major Glu/Asp transporter GltT. Lysis can be specifically suppressed by supplementation with 2,6‐diaminopimelate (DAP), which is imported by two different cystine uptake systems. These studies suggest that aspartate limitation depletes the peptidoglycan precursor meso‐2,6‐diaminopimelate (mDAP), inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, upregulates the cell envelope stress response mediated by σM and eventually leads to cell lysis. Aspartate limitation sensitizes cells to antibiotics targeting late steps of PG synthesis, but not steps prior to the addition of mDAP into the pentapeptide sidechain. This work highlights the ability of perturbations of central metabolism to sensitize cells to peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors.
LEAFY activity is post‐transcriptionally regulated by BLADE ON PETIOLE2 and CULLIN3 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chahtane Hicham , Zhang Bo , Norberg Mikael , LeMasson Marie , Thévenon Emmanuel , Bakó László , Benlloch Reyes , Holmlund Mattias , Parcy François , Nilsson Ove , Vachon Gilles 
Published: July 2018

Summary

The Arabidopsis LEAFY (LFY) transcription factor is a key regulator of floral meristem emergence and identity. LFY interacts genetically and physically with UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS, a substrate adaptor of CULLIN1–RING ubiquitin ligase complexes (CRL1). The functionally redundant genes BLADE ON PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and ‐2 (BOP2) are potential candidates to regulate LFY activity and have recently been shown to be substrate adaptors of CULLIN3 (CUL3)–RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL3).

We tested the hypothesis that LFY activity is controlled by BOPs and CUL3s in plants and that LFY is a substrate for ubiquitination by BOP‐containing CRL3 complexes.

When constitutively expressed, LFY activity is fully dependent on BOP2 as well as on CUL3A and B to regulate target genes such as APETALA1 and to induce ectopic flower formation. We also show that LFY and BOP2 proteins interact physically and that LFY‐dependent ubiquitinated species are produced in vitro in a reconstituted cell‐free CRL3 system in the presence of LFY, BOP2 and CUL3.

This new post‐translational regulation of LFY activity by CRL3 complexes makes it a unique transcription factor subjected to a positive dual regulation by both CRL1 and CRL3 complexes and suggests a novel mechanism for promoting flower development.
The genus Closterium, a new model organism to study sexual reproduction in streptophytes
Authors: Tsuchikane Yuki , Sekimoto Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2018

Contents

Summary
99

I.
Introduction
99

II.
Life cycle of Closterium
100

III.
Sexual reproductive processes in the heterothallic Closterium peracerosum‐strigosum‐littorale complex
101

IV.
Homothallism in the C. psl. complex
102

V.
Sexual reproduction and inheritance of mating types in Closterium ehrenbergii
102

VI.
mt‐determining gene of the C. psl. complex
103

VII.
Future perspectives
103

Acknowledgements
103

References
103

SummaryClosterium occupies a key phylogenetic position as an ancestor of land plants and is the best‐characterized Charophycean alga in terms of the process of sexual reproduction. Zygospores form as a result of sexual reproduction between genetically determined mating type plus (mt+) and mating type minus (mt−) cells in heterothallic strains, or between clonal cells in homothallic strains. Here we review knowledge on the intercellular communication and mating type determination for successful sexual reproduction in Closterium. Using genomic information and transgenic techniques, the genus could be a model organism to study the mechanisms and evolution of sexual reproduction in streptophytes.
One‐year follow‐up of the prospective registry of patients using the wearable defibrillator (WEARIT‐II Registry)
Authors: Kutyifa Valentina , Moss Arthur J. , Klein Helmut U. , McNitt Scott , Zareba Wojciech , Goldenberg Ilan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe WEARIT‐II Registry demonstrated efficacy and safety of the wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) for at‐risk cardiac patients. However, 1‐year outcomes in this population have not been reported.MethodsThe WEARIT‐II Registry enrolled 2,000 U.S. patients prescribed the WCD. One‐year mortality data from start of WCD use were prospectively collected for 1,846 patients (93%).Outcome data were analyzed by disease etiology and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation following WCD use.ResultsDuring 12 months of follow‐up, 73 patients died (4%). Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed differences in all‐cause mortality from WCD prescription between patients with ischemic versus nonischemic cardiomyopathy versus congenital/inherited heart disease (4% vs 3% vs 7%, P = 0.013). Patients with ventricular arrhythmia events during WCD use had a higher 1‐year mortality (10% vs 3%, P = 0.042). Renal disease, increasing age, prior syncope, and nonbeta‐blocker use predicted mortality. One‐year mortality was similar in patients who did versus did not receive an ICD following WCD use in ischemic (3% vs 4%, P = 0.470) and nonischemic cardiomyopathy (3% vs 3%, P = 0.892). Patients with congenital/inherited heart disease with no implanted ICD had a trend toward a higher rate of mortality than those who received an ICD (8% vs 3%, P = 0.082). Multivariate models confirmed these findings.ConclusionOne‐year follow‐up from the WEARIT‐II Registry shows an overall good survival in patients prescribed the WCD. Short‐term use of WCD allows appropriate risk stratification for decision on an ICD implantation in at‐risk ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients. Congenital/inherited heart disease patients had a higher risk of 1‐year mortality even without an implanted ICD post‐WCD.
A 3‐year longitudinal study of skeletal effects and growth in children after kidney transplantation
Authors: Swolin‐Eide Diana , Hansson Sverker , Magnusson Per 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis prospective study investigated growth and skeletal development for 3 years after kidney transplantation in pediatric patients, 3.4‐15.0 years of age. Growth, BMD, bone resorption markers (CTX and TRACP5b), bone formation markers (PINP, ALP, and osteocalcin), PTH, and vitamin D were assessed at start, 3, 12, and 36 months after transplantation. Median GFR was 63 (range 37‐96) mL/min/1.73 m2 after 3 years. The median height SDS increased from −1.7 to −1.1, and median BMI SDS increased from −0.1 to 0.6 over 3 years, which shows that transplantation had a favorable outcome on growth. Fat mass increased after transplantation at all time points, whereas lean mass increased after 1 year and 3 years. Total BMC increased at all time points. No changes were observed for total BMD. Bone resorption markers decreased initially after 3 months and remained stable throughout the study, whereas the bone formation markers decreased initially, but successively increased over the study period. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that height SDS and BMI SDS increased, along with the increased formation markers that reveal a positive bone acquisition after kidney transplantation, which was reflected by the significant increase in total body BMC.
Comparison of efficacy of aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy vs. adapalene gel plus oral doxycycline for treatment of moderate acne vulgaris–A simple, blind, randomized, and controlled trial
Authors: Nicklas Claudia , Rubio Rocío , Cárdenas Consuelo , Hasson Ariel 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundAlthough progress has been made in the study of photodynamic therapy for acne, studies using current recommended therapies as active comparators are lacking.MethodsRandomized, controlled trial involving 46 patients with moderate inflammatory facial acne, 23 patients received two sessions of PDT separated by 2 weeks (ALA 20% incubated 1.5 hours before red light irradiation with 37 J/cm2 fluence) and 23 patients received doxycycline 100 mg/d plus adapalene gel 0.1%. In both groups, from the sixth week, we started adapalene gel 0.1% as maintenance therapy until 12 weeks of follow‐up. Primary end point was the reduction of acne lesions at the 6‐week follow‐up, which was evaluated by 2 investigators blinded to the intervention.ResultsThe median percent reductions in noninflammatory lesion count (P = 0.013) and total lesions (P = 0.038) at 6 weeks was found to be significantly higher in the group receiving PDT. At 12 weeks there was a greater reduction of inflammatory lesions in PDT group with 84% vs. 74% for group who received doxycycline plus adapalene (P = 0.020) as well as in reducing total lesions with 79% vs. 67% respectively (P = 0.026). No severe side‐effects were observed for either therapy.ConclusionsALA‐PDT offers promise as an alternative treatment for moderately severe inflammatory acne that has a higher effectiveness than the combination of doxycycline and adapalene gel in reducing noninflammatory and total lesions at 6 weeks. There were significantly superior reductions at 12 weeks in the combination of PDT group followed by adapalene gel in total, inflammatory, and noninflammatory lesions.
Ovine vital neutrophil extracellular traps bind and impair Haemonchus contortus L3 in a breed‐dependent manner
Authors: Garza Javier J. , Greiner Scott P. , Bowdridge Scott A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis study aimed to characterize neutrophil response to Haemonchus contortus (Hc) in vitro using cells from parasite‐resistant St. Croix (STC) and parasite‐susceptible Suffolk (SUF) sheep. Neutrophils from Hc‐primed and naive STC and SUF sheep were incubated with Hc larval antigen (HcLA), Hc worm antigen (HcWA) or complete media (CM). After HcLA exposure, neutrophils from STC and SUF formed extracellular traps composed of DNA. Stimulation with HcLA induced a 35‐fold increase in extracellular DNA compared to CM controls. However, extracellular DNA was not found when neutrophils were cultured with HcWA. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in response to HcLA yields a low percentage of necrotic cells indicating a form of vital NETosis. Neutrophils from primed and naïve STC bound Hc L3 greater (93% and 68%) than SUF (78% and 45%; P < 0.001). Furthermore, STC neutrophils significantly reduced larval ATP levels compared to SUF neutrophils (0.05 μmol/L vs 0.1 μmol/L ATP, P < 0.001). These data indicate that ovine neutrophils bind, form vital NET and reduce ATP to Hc L3 in a breed and infection status–dependent manner.
Lateral and vertical juxtaposition of matrix‐rich and matrix‐poor lithologies caused by particle settling in mixed mud–sand deep‐marine sediment suspensions
Authors: Angus Katrina , Arnott Robert William Charles , Terlaky Viktor 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSandy sedimentary rocks rich in detrital matrix (>10% silt/clay) have long been recognized in the ancient sedimentary record, and nowhere more commonly than in deep‐marine turbidite systems. Despite this, their depositional mechanisms remain poorly understood, in part because these rocks, which are enriched in fine‐grained sediment, are often poorly exposed in outcrop or are confined to observation in core. Matrix‐rich strata in the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, in contrast, are very well‐exposed and show systematic changes in lithofacies over distances of several tens to a few hundreds of metres along‐strike. Notably, these strata are observed in both basin floor and continental slope deposits, suggesting that their occurrence and systematic lithological arrangement is related to mechanistic, rather than palaeogeographic, controls. Specifically, the facies transect consists of structureless, clayey sandstone that transforms along‐strike to a two‐layer deposit with the development of an upper, planar‐based, markedly more matrix‐rich layer. Further along‐strike, the basal clayey sandstone thins and eventually pinches out, leaving only the (upper) sandy claystone layer, which in turn thins along‐strike and then pinches out. These systematic changes in lithology, but more specifically the distribution of clay, is interpreted to form a depositional continuum related to particle settling in a horizontally advecting, high concentration particle suspension formed along the margins of an avulsion‐related high‐energy turbulent suspension.
Immigrant rights and social movements
Authors: Mora Maria De Jesus , Rodriguez Rodolfo , Zermeño Alejandro , Almeida Paul 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe disciplinary fields of immigration and social movements have largely developed as two distinct subareas of sociology. Scholars contend that immigrant rights, compared to other movements, have been given less attention in social movement research. Studies of immigrant‐based movements in recent decades have reached a stage whereby we can now assess how immigrant movement scholarship informs the general social movement literature in several areas. In this article, we show the contributions of empirical studies of immigrant movements in four primary arenas of social movement scholarship: (a) emergence; (b) participation; (c) framing; and (d) outcomes. Contemporary immigrant struggles offer social movement scholarship opportunities to incorporate these campaigns and enhance current theories and concepts as earlier protest waves advanced studies of collective action.
Effect of anaerobic soil disinfestation amendment type and C:N ratio on Cyperus esculentus tuber sprouting, growth and reproduction
Authors: Shrestha U , Rosskopf E N , Butler D M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAnaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a cultural technique primarily targeted for control of soilborne plant pathogens, but can also impact weed propagules. A repeated pot study was conducted to evaluate ASD treatment impact on sprouting and growth of introduced Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) tubers using dry molasses‐based and wheat bran‐based amendment mixtures at four carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C:N) ratios (from 10:1 to 40:1) and compared with a non‐amended control. The mean percentage of sprouted tubers recovered after ASD treatment was lower for wheat bran‐based (42%) than dry molasses‐based (65%) amendments, and tuber production was 1.6‐fold higher in dry molasses‐based than wheat bran‐based treatments. The highest percentage of sprouted tubers (79%) and the highest mean production of large tubers (threefold higher than wheat bran‐based and 1.7‐fold higher than molasses‐based amendments) were observed for the non‐amended control. Tuber sprouting was significantly lower from all ASD treatments (regardless of amendment C:N ratio) compared with the non‐amended control at a 15 cm burial depth. New tuber production was lowest at C:N ratios of 10:1 and 20:1 and more than twofold higher in the non‐amended control. Wheat bran‐based amendments reduced above‐ground C. esculentus biomass compared with the non‐amended control and ASD treatments with molasses‐based amendments, and reduced below‐ground biomass compared with molasses‐based amendments. Above‐ground biomass was highest at amendment C:N ratio of 10:1, and below‐ground biomass was highest at amendment C:N ratio of 40:1 and the non‐amended control. ASD treatment with wheat bran‐based amendments at lower C:N ratios reduced tuber sprouting and reproduction compared with the non‐amended control, but not at rates high enough to use as a primary weed management tactic.
Bacterial Y RNAs: Gates, Tethers, and tRNA Mimics
Authors: Sim Soyeong , Wolin Sandra L. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTY RNAs are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are present in most animal cells and also in many bacteria. These RNAs were discovered because they are bound by the Ro60 protein, a major target of autoantibodies in patients with some systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Studies of Ro60 and Y RNAs inDeinococcus radiodurans, the first sequenced bacterium with a Ro60 ortholog, revealed that they function with 3′-to-5′ exoribonucleases to alter the composition of RNA populations during some forms of environmental stress. In the best-characterized example, Y RNA tethers the Ro60 protein to the exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase, allowing this exoribonuclease to degrade structured RNAs more effectively. Y RNAs can also function as gates to regulate access of other RNAs to the Ro60 central cavity. Recent studies in the enteric bacteriumSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium resulted in the discovery that Y RNAs are widely present in bacteria. Remarkably, the most-conserved subclass of bacterial Y RNAs contains a domain that mimics tRNA. In this review, we discuss the structure, conservation, and known functions of bacterial Y RNAs as well as the certainty that more bacterial Y RNAs and additional roles for these ncRNAs remain to be uncovered.
Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in relation to non-psychotic mental health disorders in Rwanda: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Rurangirwa Akashi Andrew , Mogren Ingrid , Ntaganira Joseph , Govender Kaymarlin , Krantz Gunilla 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of non-psychotic mental health disorders (MHDs) and the association between exposure to all forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy and MHDs.DesignCross-sectional population-based study conducted in the Northern Province of Rwanda and Kigali city.Participants and settingsTotally, 921 women who gave birth ≤13 months before being interviewed were included. Simple random sampling was done to select villages, households and participants. Community health workers helped to identify eligible participants and clinical psychologists, nurses or midwives conducted face-to-face interviews. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression modellingResultsThe prevalence rates of generalised anxiety disorder, suicide ideation and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were 19.7%, 10.8% and 8.0%, respectively. Exposure to the four forms of IPV during pregnancy was highly associated with the likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for each of the non-psychotic MHDs investigated. Physical, psychological and sexual violence, showed the strongest association with PTSD, with adjusted ORs (aORs) of 4.5, 6.2 and 6.3, respectively. Controlling behaviour had the strongest association with major depressive episode in earlier periods with an aOR of 9.2.ConclusionIPV and MHDs should be integrated into guidelines for perinatal care. Moreover, community-based services aimed at increasing awareness and early identification of violence and MHDs should be instituted in all villages and health centres in Rwanda. Finally, healthcare providers need to be educated and trained in a consistent manner to manage the most challenging cases quickly, discreetly and efficiently.