bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Next Industrial Revolution? The Role of Public Administration in Supporting Government to Oversee 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: Dickinson Helen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn recent years, developments in 3D printing have grasped the public's attention. There are a range of different applications for these technologies that have a number of social, economic, and environmental implications. This essay considers these advancements and what the role of government should be in overseeing these technologies. It argues that although these technologies have been absent from the public administration literature to date, there is an important role that the field can play in supporting governments in this endeavor. In illustrating this, the final section of the essay draws considers how a multilevel governance framework of technology might allow us to consider the broader implications of these technologies.
Inherent Virtue or Inevitable Evil: The Effects of Directors' and Officers' Insurance on Firm Value
Authors: Fung Derrick W. H. , Yeh Jason J. H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhether directors’ and officers’ (D&O) insurance improves firm value is a controversial issue. We perform a literature review about the effect of D&O insurance and find mixed results. The proponents of D&O insurance believe it enhances corporate monitoring and improves firm value, while the opponents of D&O insurance argue that it creates a moral hazard problem and diminishes firm value. Against this backdrop, we argue that the trade‐off between the monitoring and moral hazard effects depends on the information acquired by the outside directors. Using a sample of listed Canadian firms, we find that (1) a change in D&O insurance coverage has no net effect on a firm's subsequent value when we ignore the information acquired by outside directors, (2) an increase in D&O insurance coverage improves a firm's subsequent value when the outside directors are well informed, and (3) an increase in D&O insurance coverage reduces a firm's subsequent value when the outside directors are poorly informed. Our findings are robust to endogeneity checks and have important implications for the regulation of D&O insurance.
Understanding health worker data use in a South African antiretroviral therapy register
Authors: Jobson Geoffrey , Murphy Joshua , van Huyssteen Mea , Myburgh Hanlie , Hurter Theunis , Grobbelaar Cornelis J. , Struthers Helen E. , McIntyre James A. , Peters Remco P. H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate how electronic data management systems affect data use practices in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs within local health districts, and individual health facilities.MethodsWe used a data quality audit to establish a baseline of the quality of data in the electronic register alongside in‐depth interviews with health workers and managers, to understand perceptions of data quality, data use by facility staff and challenges affecting data use.ResultsThe findings provide a four‐level continuum of data use that can be applied to other settings and recommendations for optimising facility‐level data use.ConclusionBy defining four levels of data use our findings suggest the potential to encourage a structured process of moving from passive data use, to more active and engaged data use, where data could be used to anticipate patient behaviour and link that behaviour to differentiated care plans.
Two R2R3‐MYB proteins are broad repressors of flavonoid and phenylpropanoid metabolism in poplar
Authors: Ma Dawei , Reichelt Michael , Yoshida Kazuko , Gershenzon Jonathan , Constabel C. Peter 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe phenylpropanoid pathway leads to the production of many important plant secondary metabolites including lignin, chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic glycosides. Early studies have demonstrated that flavonoid biosynthesis is transcriptionally regulated, often by a MYB, bHLH, and WDR transcription factor complex. In poplar, several R2R3 MYB transcription factors are known to be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Previous work determined that poplar MYB134 and MYB115 are major activators of the proanthocyanidin pathway, and also induce the expression of repressor‐like MYB transcription factors. Here we characterize two new repressor MYBs, poplar MYB165 and MYB194, paralogs which comprise a subgroup of R2R3‐MYBs distinct from previously reported poplar repressors. Both MYB165 and MYB194 repressed the activation of flavonoid promoters by MYB134 in transient activation assays, and both interacted with a co‐expressed bHLH transcription factor, bHLH131, in yeast two‐hybrid assays. Overexpression of MYB165 and MYB194 in hybrid poplar resulted in greatly reduced accumulation of several phenylpropanoids including anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phenolic glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acid esters. Transcriptome analysis of MYB165‐ and MYB194‐overexpressing poplars confirmed repression of many phenylpropanoid enzyme genes. In addition, other MYB genes as well as several shikimate pathway enzyme genes were downregulated by MYB165‐overexpression. By contrast, leaf aromatic amino acid concentrations were greater in MYB165‐overexpressing poplars. Our findings indicate that MYB165 is a major repressor of the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid pathway in poplar, and may also affect the shikimate pathway. The coordinated action of repressor and activator MYBs could be important for the fine tuning of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis during development or following stress.
Investigation Into the Temperature Field and Thermal Deformation of a Spiral Bevel Gear Pair at Different Rotational Speeds
Authors: Liu Shuyi , Liu Zhenxia , Lyu Yaguo 
Published: September 2018

In the gear transmission process, inevitably, the relative sliding of the meshing surface generates heat which leads to the deformation of gear. Severe thermal deformation may reduce gear meshing clearance and cause failure of transmission, so it is necessary to further study the thermal deformation of gear. The main purpose of this paper is to compare the steady temperature field, flash temperature and thermal deformation of a spiral bevel gear pair at different speeds.
This paper completed the thermal analysis and thermal deformation calculation via using a 3D finite element model of a spiral bevel gear pair. Firstly, the coupled thermo-elastic finite element model had been developed to obtain friction heat generation of spiral bevel gear. Then the friction heat flux was applied to investigate the steady state temperature field of single tooth model and the steady temperature was set as the initial field to predict the flash temperature of the meshing surface at different speeds. Finally, in order to obtain the thermal deformation of single tooth model at different rotational speeds, the static analysis was carried out by setting the steady-state temperature field as the boundary condition.
The results show that the steady temperature, flash temperature and thermal deformation of the driving gear and driven gear increase with the rise of speed. These values of the driving gear are always greater than that of the driven gear and also grow faster with the increase of the speed. In detail, the deformation of driving gear and driven gear in 5000rpm rises to the 3.95 times and 3.70 times than that in 1000rpm respectively.
Epilepsy, literature and linguistics: spotlighting subjective symptoms
Authors: Sanchez-Davies Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

Literature can offer a wealth of information about epilepsy: from complex narratives to children’s picture books, it can help broaden people’s understanding, show what it is like to live with epilepsy and provide a medium to which people with epilepsy (PWE) can relate. The latter being particularly important in such cases where seizure experiences are highly subjective, such as those associated with ‘focal seizures’, a common seizure type, which are known for their variable and hard-to-describe symptoms, causing complications with diagnosis as many of the symptoms overlap with those of other psychological health conditions.Literature, however, has more to offer than acting as a source for demystifying epilepsy. On a disciplinary level, literature is surrounded by different frameworks for linguistic analysis which, importantly, are also applicable to real-life discourse. In particular, the well-established discipline, cognitive stylistics, provides ample theory for analysing the different facets of literature, from narratological and storyworld level, to the intricacies of characterisation revealing the structure behind the presentation of fictional characters’ experiences, attitudes and personalities. Such methods have the potential to transform and decode complex, subjective experiences into manageable pieces of information. This, then, holds great potential for shedding light on the experiences of real-life seizure narratives to the extent that the identified seizure’s linguistic ‘profiles’ can be used to aid real-life situations. Therefore, the present study calls to attention the potential evoked through the convergence between literature, linguistic analysis, fictional characters, PWE and seizure narratives. Extrapolating the qualities of these converging strands can enrich our understanding of the seizure experience, as well as bring to awareness the areas of risk that surround aspects of the diagnosis process.
SuPAR, an emerging biomarker in kidney and inflammatory diseases
Authors: Hamie Lamiaa , Daoud Georges , Nemer Georges , Nammour Tarek , El Chediak Alissar , Uthman Imad W , Kibbi Abdul Ghani , Eid Assaad , Kurban Mazen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSoluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a circulating form of a physiological and pathophysiological important cell surface receptor, implicated in inflammation. Recent studies showed that suPAR is a promising biomarker, useful for diagnosis, assessment and prognosis of several diseases. This review summarises the majority of preliminary studies and analyses the significance and the clinical application of suPAR in various clinical conditions. SuPAR seems to have a significant value in the diagnosis as well as prognosis of many diseases; nonetheless, it merits large-scale studies to set cut-off values that help physicians in following up their patients and accordingly tailor their treatment plans.
Understanding the Physiology of <b><i>Liberibacter asiaticus</i></b>: An Overview of the Demonstrated Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Coyle Janelle F. , Lorca Graciela L. , Gonzalez Claudio F. 
Published: September 2018

Citrus greening disease, or huanglongbing, may entirely eradicate all varieties of citrus cultivars worldwide in the near future. This disease is caused by non-cultivable bacteria of the genus <i>Liberibacter</i>; among them, the more pathogenic being <i>Liberibacter asiaticus</i>. The complexity of the host–pathogen relationship, associated with the impossibility of performing research using axenic cultures, has severely hindered the basic research on microbiology. Since its genome sequence was published in 2009, most of the scientific publications in the field were dedicated to in silico analysis and selection of targets to design early detection methods. The knowledge gained with these approaches felt short to articulate effective methods to control the disease progression. There is a critical need to understand the basic biology of bacteria to design effective strategies to inactivate central mechanisms of pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the scientific progress made by studying <i>L. asiaticus’</i> biology through direct experimentation. The evidence collected thus far is not enough to understand <i>L. ­asiaticus’</i> fundamental biology. It is imperiously necessary to increase the basic research to identify relevant biological clues to control citrus greening. The gained knowledge may also help to prevent potential catastrophic diseases in other crops of significant importance caused by other unculturable <i>Liberibacter</i> species.
Patiromer to Enable Spironolactone Use in the Treatment of Patients with Resistant Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Rationale and Design of the AMBER Study
Authors: Agarwal Rajiv , Rossignol Patrick , Garza Dahlia , Mayo Martha R. , Warren Suzette , Arthur Susan , Romero Alain , White William B. , Williams Bryan 
Published: September 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> While chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in resistant hypertension (RHTN), prior studies ­evaluating mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists excluded patients with reduced kidney function due to risk of hyperkalemia. AMBER (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03071263) will evaluate if the potassium-binding polymer patiromer used concomitantly with spironolactone in patients with RHTN and CKD prevents hyperkalemia and allows more persistent spironolactone use for hypertension management. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group 12-week study of patiromer and spironolactone versus placebo and spironolactone in patients with uncontrolled RHTN and CKD. RHTN is defined as unattended systolic automated office blood pressure (AOBP) of ­135–160 mm Hg during screening despite taking ≥3 antihypertensives, including a diuretic, and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker ­(unless not tolerated or contraindicated). The CKD inclusion criterion is an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25 to ≤45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. Screening serum potassium must be 4.3–5.1 mEq/L. The primary efficacy endpoint is the between-group difference (spironolactone plus patiromer versus spironolactone plus placebo) in the proportion of patients remaining on spironolactone at Week 12. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Baseline characteristics have been analyzed as of March 2018 for 146 (of a targeted 290) patients. Mean (SD) baseline age is 69.3 (10.9) years; 52.1% are male, 99.3% White, and 47.3% have diabetes. Mean (SD) baseline serum potassium is 4.68 (0.25) mEq/L, systolic AOBP is 144.3 (6.8) mm Hg, eGFR is 35.7 (7.7) mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> AMBER will define the ability of patiromer to facilitate the use of spironolactone, an effective antihypertensive therapy for patients with RHTN and CKD.
The Reflective Fostering Programme: background and development of a new approach
Authors: Redfern Sheila , Wood Sally , Lassri Dana , Cirasola Antonella , West Grace , Austerberry Chloe , Luyten Patrick , Fonagy Peter , Midgley Nick 
Published: September 2018

Looked after children represent a vulnerable group in society, many of whom are exposed to maltreatment, particularly in the form of relational trauma, prior to placement with a foster family. Challenging behaviours can place foster placements at risk and looked after children often confront the possibility of placement breakdown. A carer’s capacity to retain a robust understanding of the children in their care as autonomous individuals with needs, feelings and thoughts can be important in enabling them to respond more effectively to the worrying or disruptive behaviour they may encounter. The Reflective Fostering Programme (RFP) is a new group-based programme aiming to support foster carers of children aged 4–11. This innovative development follows calls by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and other organisations to help improve outcomes for children in care by improving resources for their carers. The RFP is rooted in evidence drawn from the field of contemporary attachment and mentalizing research, which indicates that children who have a carer high in reflective functioning tend to have more favourable outcomes in terms of social-emotional well-being. It also draws on the evidence that looking after a child who has impaired capacity to mentalize as a result of early relational trauma affects the carer’s capacity to mentalize and respond sensitively to the child (Ensink, et al., 2015). This article sets out the rationale for the RFP, outlines its key elements and concludes by indicating future service implementation and a planned feasibility study examining this approach.
Acquired myopia followed by acquired hyperopia due to serous neurosensory retinal detachment following topiramate intake
Authors: Mazumdar Shahana , Tripathy Koushik , Sarma Barsha , Agarwal Neetu 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: To report a patient with fluctuating refraction following the use of oral topiramate. Case report: A 38-year-old male patient was diagnosed elsewhere with sudden-onset-acquired myopia, high intraocular pressure, and bilateral angle closure glaucoma for which he underwent laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes and was started on topical antiglaucoma medications and topical steroids following laser peripheral iridotomy. He was referred for ultrasound biomicroscopy, which showed bilateral ciliary effusion. Ultrasound of eyes revealed choroidal thickening. On further questioning, he was noted to have taken oral topiramate for 7 days, which he stopped a week before the ocular symptoms. He was started on atropine, on which the acquired myopia resolved, the anterior chamber deepened, and the intraocular pressure came down. After 4 days, he developed acquired hyperopia in the left eye. Neurosensory retinal detachment at the posterior pole was documented with optical coherence tomography. The fluorescein angiography showed few ink-blot leaks and one smokestack leak in the left eye. The neurosensory detachment resolved spontaneously with an uncorrected visual acuity of 6/6 in either eye. Conclusion: A unique case of central serous chorioretinopathy following oral intake of topiramate is presented. This patient had also received laser peripheral iridotomy and topical steroids following the peripheral iridotomy.
How Many Grays to Get to the Malfunction of Insulin Pumps? Determining the Effects of Radiation on Insulin Pump Function
Authors: Magdaleno Angela L. , Perilli Gretchen A. , Vengrove Marc A. 
Published: September 2018

Background: The primary objective was to determine if exposure to radiation has an effect on insulin pump function. Method: Four donated insulin pumps were filled with saline and set to identical program modes. They were attached together with a dosimeter and exposed to repeat CT scans. Results: Insulin Pump 1 experienced a “Prime” alarm and a darkened screen during CT scan radiation exposure; this pump was removed from further radiation exposure after 6 CT scans. Insulin Pumps 2, 3, and 4 all continued to receive 34 more consecutive CT scan exposures with no significant alarms, failures, or malfunctions. Insulin Pump 4 experienced “Low Battery” and “Stuck Button” alarms, both of which were easily fixed. Insulin Pumps 2, 3, and 4 received a total of at least 8576 mrem from 34 CT scans worth of radiation without any significant alarms, malfunctions, or failures. Insulin Pump 1 was monitored after being removed from the study and continued to function normally with the darkened screen. Conclusions: It cannot be determined whether Insulin Pump 1 had minor malfunctions due to repetitive use as a demonstration model or due to the radiation exposure. Insulin Pumps 2, 3, and 4 were monitored for 2 additional months following radiation exposure and continued to function normally. Further research studies with a larger number of insulin pumps are warranted to determine the true effect of radiation exposure on insulin pump function.
Growing older with post-polio syndrome: Social and quality-of-life implications
Authors: Duncan Andrea , Batliwalla Zinnia 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: To understand the quality-of-life implications for post-polio syndrome survivors. Methods: For this qualitative study, a focus group methodology, with a case study design, was used. The data were analyzed for themes using a social ecological conceptual framework. Results: Three focus groups were conducted with a total of 24 participants (N = 24). Participants defined quality of life as being able to engage in meaningful activities of daily living. Participants shared experiences of adapting to declining physical health and embracing new activities of daily living. They expressed hope and shared stories that demonstrated resiliency. Conclusion: The literature states that individuals aging with post-polio syndrome express concern that health providers often know little about their disability condition. The participants in this study reflected this experience by sharing feelings of misunderstanding from the medical community and expressing a desire to have more dynamic education for health providers.
Paging the eCardiologist: insights into referral behaviour of primary care physicians from qualitative analysis of a cardiology eConsult service
Authors: Chan Elizabeth , Johnson Christopher B , Liddy Clare , Keely Erin , Gauthier Nadine , Turek Michele , Shoki Alborz , Archibald Douglas 
Published: September 2018

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate determinants of primary care physician cardiology referrals by performing qualitative analysis of questions asked by primary care physicians in cardiology electronic consultation services (eConsults). Setting A health region in eastern Ontario, Canada, where primary care providers have had access to an eConsult service since 2010. Participants We included all consecutive cardiology eConsults initiated by registered primary care provider users of our eConsult service and who initiated one or more eConsult between July 2014 and January 2015. We excluded eConsults in which the primary care provider attached a document without asking a question. A convenience sample of 100 consecutive eConsults initiated by 61 primary care providers was analysed after excluding 14 eConsults. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Primary care provider eConsult questions are categorised into thematic categories based on the constant comparison method of qualitative analysis with external validation by content experts. Secondary outcomes include sample primary care provider eConsult questions to illustrate each theme and any emergent subthemes. Results Thematic saturation occurred after analysis of 30 eConsults. An additional 70 eConsults were coded with no new emergent themes. Themes include exceptions to clinical guidelines ( n=13), non-cardiac treatment in a cardiac patient ( n=13), specific investigation/management ( n=18), interpretation of diagnostic testing ( n=46), clinical concerns despite normal testing ( n=4) and screening for positive family history ( n=6). Subthemes include multiple comorbidities and mild abnormalities on cardiac tests. Conclusions We report categories of clinical questions that drive primary care provider cardiology eConsults. Multimorbidity leads to cardiology eConsults as primary care providers try to apply treatment guidelines in medically complex patients. Mild test abnormalities unrelated to clinical problems commonly lead to cardiology eConsult requests. Further research is needed to determine how guidelines can better account for multimorbidity, and how cardiologists can better communicate with primary care providers to put cardiac test results in clinical context.