bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intoxication de veaux et de moutons par des engrais. Difficulté de diagnostic
Authors: Dupré Claude 
Published: February 2018

En Limousin les veaux et les moutons souffrent souvent de pica. Ils lèchent alors les engrais oubliés par négligence dans les étables ou répandus sur le sol des pâtures et non encore absorbés.
Les symptômes observés ne sont pas pathognomoniques : diarrhée, laryngite, conjonctivite, cachexie et mort. Le laboratoire ne décèle aucun germe spécifique, sauf un large excès de phosphore dans le sang.
Ce diagnostic est difficile : il faut au praticien un grand sens de l’observation et il faut attacher beaucoup d’importance aux commémoratifs.
Ontological Conflicts Concerning Indigenous Peoples in Contemporary Brazil
Authors: Lea Vanessa R. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Inspired by Mauro Almeida's (2013) notion of ontological conflict, this article examines the current situation of the Indigenous peoples in Brazil. Various concrete situations are examined to exemplify the ways in which, at best, they are denied a voice unless their leaders adapt their discourse to concerns that resonate with those of their non-Indigenous interlocutors. Native ontologies relating to reciprocity and the use of natural resources for subsistence, without concern for creating a marketable surplus, are systematically subordinated to the vested interests of corporate capital, exemplified by the construction of hydroelectric dams and mining activities. The state stands by as Indigenous lands are subjected to arson attacks, and the judiciary fails to take action against the encroachment of Indigenous lands. The situation in Southern Mato Grosso borders on outright genocide. The economic and political crisis has worsened the situation, with dwindling resources for monitoring deforestation and for providing adequate health and educational services. The crisis in the industrial sector has favored advocates of the merits of large-scale monoculture of crops like soya for export on the commodity market. The wisdom of adaptation to the environment by the Indigenous peoples is ignored and their shrinking land base, coupled with their growing population, serves to make them increasingly dependent of governmental welfare benefits. This is then interpreted as evidence of the inevitability of capitalist globalization with disparagement of anything other than capital-intensive monoculture. The gap is constantly widening between the Indigenous peoples and the economic elite whose interests the state unabashedly represents.
Indigenous Games and Sports in the Australian National Curriculum: Educational Benefits and Opportunities?
Authors: Evans John , Georgakis Steve , Wilson Rachel 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The introduction of the national Australian Curriculum (AC) has the potential to make a significant impact on Indigenous education (Australian Curriculum 2012). Indigenous perspectives will now feature in all key learning areas in the national curriculum. More specifically, in the Health and Physical Education (HPE) curriculum, endorsed in 2015, the teaching of Indigenous Games and Sports (IGaS) is “encouraged for all students” (ACARA 2012, 28). However, there has been very little research into its place or a clear rationale for its inclusion. This article outlines the possibilities for the inclusion of IGaS across Australian schools. We provide details on IGaS and suggest an appropriate pedagogy for teaching purposes. We also outline two rationales for the inclusion of IGaS: first, for the contribution they can make to the development of social justice within schools; and second, for the way IGaS can promote fully inclusive classrooms that recognize and welcome Indigenous students.
Colonial History, Current Numerical Picture of Languages Spoken in Delhi and the National Capital Region of India, and a Look at the Ongoing Language Efforts
Authors: Prasannanshu  
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Many languages around the world are becoming endangered and are dying. This phenomenon is seen in India too. The death of a language is not just the loss of a language: it has serious accompanying social implications. The online version of UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger lists 197 Indian languages as being endangered. This number is an interesting coincidence and grim reminder because the 2001 census of India also lists 197 languages as mother tongues in Delhi, many of which are in fact endangered (Moseley 2010). In a type of racial profiling, some communities were singled out by the colonialists in India as criminal tribes. Their identity, language and culture were stigmatized by this labelling and suffered a setback. In recent times there has been a substantial amount of governmental effort to preserve and promote endangered languages in India, but it remains to be seen how effective this will prove to be.
Emasculation of male characters as seen through Sula by Toni Morrison
Authors: KPOHOUE Ferdinand 
Published: February 2018

Emasculation is a drawback of slavery as it was practiced in the Americas. Men are limited in their power in order to be exploited without strong reactions. This aspect appears in Sula where female characters play the main roles. Male characters are shaped to be absent, irresponsible or insane. Female characters take care of the household and fight for their own survival. Children are educated by the female characters, male characters are regularly absent, some of them have deserted the household. The objective of this paper is to explain, through the emasculation system, the behaviors of some male characters such as Shadrack, Plum Peace, BoyBoy, Jude and Ajax (Albert Jacks) in Sula in order to provide deeper understanding to Toni Morrison’s skills to deal with the conditions of Blacks in the South of the USA. This can help to understand more Sula which is deeply rooted in the black community with its traditions and realities.
The Impact of Visual Aids on the Retention of English Word Stress Patterns
Authors: Ghaemi Farid , Rafi Fahimeh 
Published: February 2018

The present study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of three different techniques on learners’ long term memorization of English word stress patterns. After administering a quick placement test, 67 Iranian EFL elementary learners at language institutes were selected to participate in the study. Then they were divided into three groups. Before starting the instruction, a pretest was conducted to classify the participants’ abilities on word stress patterns. Then the new techniques were used to teach English word stress patterns. In all three groups, words were printed largely on a piece of paper and the syllables were clearly specified by dots. In group ‘A’, pronunciation and stress pattern of new words were taught aurally through the repetition of the words. In group ‘B’, all the procedure was exactly similar to that of group ‘A’, the only difference was that the stressed syllables were printed in bold. In group ‘C’, all the procedure was exactly similar to that of group ‘B’, except that the stressed syllables were not only printed in bold, but also introduced by teacher’s hand gesture. After two weeks, a delayed posttest was conducted to check long term memorization of the word stress patterns. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant difference between pretest and delayed posttest in all three groups. But the most meaningful difference belonged to group ‘C’. That is, the participants in the third group (gesture group) outperformed those in the other groups. Finally, some implications and suggestions provided for further research.
Subcutaneous ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis: Results of the Phase 1b OCARINA I study
Authors: Newsome Scott D. , Goldstick Lawrence , Robertson Derrick S. , Bowen James D. , Naismith Robert T. , Townsend Ben , Figueiredo Catarina , Kletzl Heidemarie , Giraudon Mylene , Bortolami Oscar , Zecevic Dusanka , Giacobino Caroline , Clinch Susanne , Shen Yun‐An , Deol-Bhullar Gurpreet , Bermel Robert A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveSubcutaneous ocrelizumab is being developed to provide treatment flexibility and additional choice to patients with multiple sclerosis. OCARINA I (NCT03972306) is an open‐label, multicenter, Phase 1b, dose‐finding study to investigate the pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of subcutaneous ocrelizumab and to select a dose for the Phase 3 OCARINA II study (NCT05232825).MethodsPatients with relapsing or primary progressive multiple sclerosis (aged 18–65 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale score 0.0–6.5) were enrolled into two groups: previously treated with intravenous ocrelizumab (Group A) or naïve to ocrelizumab (Group B). Patients received single ascending doses of subcutaneous ocrelizumab up to 1200 mg. Following dose escalation, new patients in Group A were randomized (1:1) to receive a single 600 mg intravenous ocrelizumab dose or the candidate subcutaneous dose, which was predicted to result in similar exposure as the 600 mg intravenous dose while being safe and well tolerated. The area under the concentration–time curve for both formulations was used to select the subcutaneous ocrelizumab dose. Patients in all cohorts could enter a dose‐continuation phase.ResultsEighty‐eight and 47 patients were enrolled into Group A and B, respectively; most patients were female (72.7%/63.0%), and mean age at baseline was 45.7 and 39.7 years, respectively. Subcutaneous ocrelizumab was well tolerated across all doses tested. The 920 mg subcutaneous ocrelizumab dose was selected for the OCARINA II study based on pharmacokinetic and safety data.InterpretationSubcutaneous ocrelizumab may provide patients with multiple sclerosis with an additional treatment option.
Sustainable Solution Processing Toward High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Review of Materials, Strategies, and Applications
Authors: Ma Bing , Yan Yongdie , Wu Maoheng , Li Sunsun , Ru Min , Xu Zhaoyang , Zhao Wenchao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as promising candidates for renewable energy harvesting due to their lightweight, flexible, and low‐cost fabrication potential. The efficiency of OSCs is largely determined by the choice of solvents, which significantly affect the film morphology of the active layers, the intermixed donor‐acceptor domains, and overall device performance. Beginning with an introduction to the importance of solvent selection, the screening and classification of solvents, emphasizing their characteristics and classification based on sustainability, solubility, and other additional considerations are explored. Various non‐halogenated solvents, highlighting commonly used aromatic solvents, biomass‐derived solvents, and water/alcohol‐based solvents are explored. The state‐of‐the‐art donor and acceptor materials, focusing on efficient donor materials such as PM6 and D18, and high‐performing Y‐series acceptors are also presented. Strategies for developing high‐performance OSCs processed using non‐halogenated solvents are examined, including solvent engineering with additive and additive‐free approaches, ternary strategies, and layer‐by‐layer techniques. The fabrication of large‐area devices using non‐halogenated solvents is addressed, focusing on blade‐coating, slot‐coating, and other processing techniques. Finally, this review outlines future research directions in the non‐halogenated solvent processing of OSCs, emphasizing the need for continuous innovation to overcome existing limitations and propel OSC technology toward commercial viability.
Cohesion Regulation of Polyphenol Cross‐Linked Hydrogel Adhesives: From Intrinsic Cross‐Link to Designs of Temporal Responsiveness
Authors: Xing Qi , Zhen Li , Zhou Xiaolu , Zhong Shitong , Li Fuxia , Li Jiyao , Meng Ruoyu , Duan Peipei , Luo Jun , Yang Jiaojiao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolyphenol hydrogels have found widespread application in wound healing, bone repair, drug delivery, and biosensors due to their robust wet adhesion, high ductility, and excellent self‐healing ability. However, these hydrogels often exhibit low intrinsic cohesion, which limits their overall adhesive strength. Enhancing cohesion is critical for improving both the adhesion and mechanical properties of the hydrogels, thereby expanding their utility in biomedical fields. This review begins by exploring strategies to enhance the cohesion of polyphenol hydrogel adhesives, detailing modifications that act individually or synergistically. The importance of temporally regulating cohesion is emphasized to accommodate various applications and environmental conditions. Finally, this paper discusses remaining challenges in cohesion regulation and outlines prospects for future research. It is hoped that this comprehensive review will provide new insights into the development of advanced polyphenolic hydrogel adhesives and contribute to the design of “smart adhesives” for increasingly complex needs in biomedical applications.
Effective Water Confinement and Dual Electrolyte–Electrode Interfaces by Zwitterionic Oligomer for High‐Voltage Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Deng Yinyan , Xing Chunxian , Li Chuan , Zhou Yangbo , Peng Zhiping , Fei Linfeng , Zhi Chunyi , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAqueous lithium‐ion batteries (ALIBs) have attracted significant interest due to their inherent advantage on safety. However, water itself has a narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW), limiting the energy density of ALIBs. Here, a low‐molecular‐weight zwitterionic oligomer, oligo(propylsulfonate dimethylammonium propylmethacrylamide) (OPDP), as an effective water binding agent for high‐voltage ALIBs is demonstrated. The OPDP can effectively confine water molecules while reducing water activity. The OPDP‐based electrolyte, with an ultra‐high water weight percentage of 25.4%, possesses an outstanding ESW of up to 3.26 V and an ionic conductivity as high as 3.18 mS cm−1. Furthermore, the aqueous Mo6S8//LiMn2O4 full cell with OPDP‐based electrolyte achieves a 99.7% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5C with a high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.7% and a specific energy of 88–101 Wh kg−1. Also, it achieves an 89% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 10C with a high CE of 99.9%. These postmortem characterizations suggest that robust organic–inorganic hybrid cathode/anode‐electrolyte interfaces have been constructed during the cycling through the heteroatoms of N, S, and O in the zwitterionic oligomer, leading to the inhibited hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions and high performance of the full cell. This work provides a promising strategy for developing low‐cost and high‐voltage aqueous batteries.
Ag–Pt Alloy Nanoparticles Modified Zn‐Based Nanosheets for Highly Selective CO2 Photoreduction to CH4
Authors: Li Qiuchan , Wang Qi , Zeng Yubin , Xu Yanfei , Gu Xiang‐Kui , Ding Mingyue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMulti‐electron involved photoreduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels is a long‐standing challenge, particularly in manipulating the selectivity of the target products. Here, a novel Ag–Pt bimetallic alloy on Zn‐based supports by photo‐deposition is designed for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4 without any additives. This photocatalyst exhibits ≈ 98.9% selectivity for CH4. Experimental and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the excellent performance of the photocatalyst can be attributed to the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of metals, as well as the synergistic effects of the bimetallic sites. These factors are found to be beneficial not only for capturing solar radiation and facilitating electron migration but also for promoting the adsorption and activation of CO2 and the protonation of *CO. As a result, the photocatalyst achieved high selectivity and activity of photoreduction of CO2 to CH4. This work provides insights into the design of photocatalysts with highly selective target products for CO2 reduction.
Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by a Light Coupling and Charge Carrier Confinement Strategy
Authors: Xu Yixue , Qiu Fan , Xu Shun‐Qi , Zhu Shifan , Zhang Yeheng , Liu Haohao , Zong Pengfei , Ma Liu , Hong Kunquan , Wang Yuqiao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance photocatalysis requires efficient light absorption and low charge carrier recombination rates. Herein, a light coupling and charge carrier confinement strategy is demonstrated to simultaneously enhance the light absorption efficiency and suppress the charge carrier recombination for high‐performance photocatalysis. The strategy is achieved by the delicate incorporation of catalysts into a dual‐core‐shell structure (e.g., CdS@SiO2@NaYF4:Yb/Tm), in which CdS (catalyst), SiO2, and NaYF4:Yb/Tm serve as shell, outer core, and inner core, respectively. Interestingly, the absorbed light can be confined within the CdS layer through multiple reflections between the CdS and SiO2 interfaces, achieving light confinement. This confinement endows a longer light residence time, enhanced light reabsorption and reutilization efficacy, and a higher concentration of photogenerated charge carriers per unit of time. Moreover, the insulating SiO2 can confine the photogenerated charge carriers within CdS layer, thus shortening their diffusion length for reduced recombination rates. Notably, when employed as the photocatalyst, this dual‐core‐shell structure showed a superb photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate up to 74.67 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 11 times higher than that of pristine CdS. This work provides a new strategy for the design and synthesis of high‐performance photocatalysts.
Advancing Two‐Photon Photodynamic Therapy Over NIR‐II Excitable Conjugated Microporous Polymer with NIR‐I Emission
Authors: Li Bo , Yu Xinlei , Lu Xin , Sun Xianshun , Kai Yuanzhong , Cheng Longjiu , Zhou Hongping , Tian Yupeng , Li Dandan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe availability of second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) excitable two‐photon photosensitizers with NIR‐I emission for efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited by challenges in molecular design. In this study, a NIR‐II light‐excitable two‐photon conjugated microporous polymer (Tph‐Dbd) with emission in the NIR‐I region is developed. The large conjugated system and delocalized electronic structures endow Tph‐Dbd with a large two‐photon absorption cross‐section under NIR‐II light excitation. Moreover, the efficient electron acceptor and donor units within the π‐conjugated backbones result in NIR‐I emission for high signal‐to‐background ratio imaging, as well as separated highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital distributions for excellent singlet oxygen generation ability. The excellent NIR‐II excitable two‐photon absorption activity, NIR‐I emission, good biocompatibility, and high photostability allow Tph‐Dbd to be used for efficient in vitro fluorescence imaging guided PDT. Moreover, the impressive photothermal effect of Tph‐Dbd can overcome the limitations of PDT in the treatment of hypoxic tumors. This study highlights a strategy for designing NIR‐II excitable two‐photon photosensitizers for advanced PDT.
Bacterial Responses and Material‐Cell Interplays With Novel MoAlB@MBene
Authors: Jakubczak Michał , Bury Dominika , Montes‐García Verónica , Ciesielski Artur , Naguib Michael , Jastrzębska Agnieszka M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient antibacterial nanomaterials has potential across diverse fields, but it requires a deeper understanding of material‐bacteria interactions. In this study, a novel 2D core‐shell MoAlB@MBene structure is synthesized using a mild wet‐chemical etching approach. The growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis bacteria in the presence of MoAlB@MBene decreased in a concentration‐dependent manner, with a prolonged lag phase in the initial 6 h of incubation. Even under dark conditions, MoAlB@MBene triggered the formation of intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and singlet oxygen (1O2) in bacteria, while the bacteria protected themselves by forming biofilm and altering cell morphology. The MoAlB@MBene shows consistent light absorption across the visible range, along with a distinctive UV absorption edge. Two types of band gaps are identified: direct (1.67 eV) and indirect (0.74 eV), which facilitate complex light interactions with MoAlB@MBene. Exposure to simulated white light led to decreased viability rates of E. coli (20.6%), S. aureus (22.9%), and B. subtilis (21.4%). Altogether, the presented study enhances the understanding of bacteria responses in the presence of light‐activated 2D nanomaterials.
Compact Molecular Conformation of Prodrugs Enhances Photocleaving Performance for Tumor Vascular Growth Inhibition
Authors: Lin Wen‐Yue , Wen Hui‐Ping , Li Jia‐Yao , Wang Juan‐Mei , Feng Hong‐Juan , Huang Zhi , Li Ran , Zeng Le , Huang Ling 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHighly spatiotemporal‐resolved photomodulation demonstrates promise for investigating key biological events in vivo and in vitro, such as cell signaling pathways, neuromodulation, and tumor treatment without side effects. However, enhancing the performance of photomodulation tools remains challenging due to the limitations of the physicochemical properties of the photoactive molecules. Here, a compact, stable intramolecular π‐π stacking conformation forming between the target molecule (naproxen) and the perylene‐based photoremovable protecting group is discovered to confine the motion of the photolabile bond and then enhance the photocleavage quantum yield. In conjunction with a red‐absorbing photosensitizer, the photocleavage wavelength is extended to the red region via triplet–triplet annihilation. In particular, the triplet lifetime of the prodrug can be extended via the linked steric hindrance to improve the conversion yield via TTA. Using the new photomodulation tool, it is precisely photoreleased cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors for tumor vascular growth suppression in vivo. In combination with cisplatin, over 90% efficient inhibition of malignant breast tumors is observed via the synergistic tumor treatment strategy. These findings provide a new concept for the rational design of efficient photocleavage and have implications for photomodulating cell signaling pathways in tumor therapy, as well as laying a solid foundation for the development of phototherapeutic approaches.
Aptamer‐Encapsulated Cellular Nanoparticles for Neurotoxin Neutralization
Authors: Kai Mingxuan , Shen Wei‐Ting , Wang Dan , Yu Yiyan , Zhang Jiayuan Alex , Sun Lei , Fang Ronnie H. , Gao Weiwei , Zhang Liangfang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAptamers are single‐stranded oligonucleotides that fold into defined architectures for specific target binding. In this study, aptamers are selected that specifically bind to small‐molecule neurotoxins and encapsulate them into cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles (referred to as ‘cellular nanoparticles’ or ‘CNPs’) for effective neutralization of neurotoxins. Specifically, six different aptamers are selected that bind to saxitoxin (STX) or tetrodotoxin (TTX) and encapsulate them into metal–organic framework cores, which are then coated with neuronal cell membrane. The resulting CNPs exhibit high colloidal stability, minimal aptamer leakage, and effective protection of aptamer payloads against enzyme degradation. This detoxification platform combines membrane‐enabled broad‐spectrum neutralization with aptamer‐based specific toxin binding, offering dual‐modal neutralization mechanisms for efficient neurotoxin neutralization. The in vitro neutralization efficacy is demonstrated using a neuron osmotic swelling assay, a Na+ flux fluorescence assay, and a cytotoxicity assay. The in vivo neutralization efficacy is further validated using mouse models of STX and TTX intoxication in both therapeutic and preventative regimens. Overall, integrating aptamers with CNPs combines the strengths of both technologies, resulting in a robust solution for broad‐spectrum toxin‐neutralization applications.