bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence as the driving force of typological change in Nahuatl
Authors: Olko Justyna , Borges Robert , Sullivan John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper is based on extensive team research focusing on the reconstruction of the history of contact-induced change in Nahuatl from the first encounter with Spanish until the present day, taking into account both peripheral and central varieties. We trace the long-term trajectories of several morphosyntactic features that mark typological change: animacy as a grammatical category; the relational word as a lexical category; the formal distinction between comitative and instrumental markers; existential predicative possession; and relatively free word order. We argue that key innovations in Nahuatl during the colonial period are either borrowed from Spanish or begin as minor internal patterns that gradually become dominant due to similarity with an element of Spanish structure, and that these two processes have driven typological change in the language.
Constructing a genre: Hebrew ('ani) lo yode'a / lo yoda'at ‘(I) don’t know’ on Israeli political radio phone-ins
Authors: Maschler Yael , Dori-Hacohen Gonen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We explore employment of the Hebrew construction ('ani) lo yode'a / lo yoda'at (lit ‘[I] not m/f-sg.know’), roughly equivalent to English ‘I don’t know’, by callers and hosts in 80 interactions on Israeli political radio phone-in programs, as compared with its functions in casual conversation. Five uses were attested in the corpus of radio phone-ins and correlated with the syntactic form of complementation (if available) for each token of the construction: (i) expressing literal lack of knowledge; (ii) expressing epistemic stance of uncertainty / hedging; (iii) gaining cognitive processing time in the midst of self-repair; (iv) expressing affective stance of contempt or criticism; and (v) avoidance strategies. While most of these uses are common to both genres, some are unattested in casual conversation. By exploring the functions of the ('ani) lo yode'a / lo yoda'at construction and their distribution according to institutional role, the study (i) sheds further light on the use of the construction and its evolvement through use; and (ii) shows how hosts and callers exploit this specific construction in ways that establish the Israeli political radio phone-in institutional genre.
Enhancement of Full Coverage Film Cooling Effectiveness with Mixed Injection Holes
Authors: Prakash Mishra Mukesh , Sahani A K , Chandel Sunil , Mishra R K 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the present work numerical study of full coverage film cooling on an adiabatic flat plate is carried out. Cooling performance of three configurations of cylindrical holes is studied with downstream injection, upstream injection and mixed injection. In mixed injection configuration one column of holes inject in downstream direction and the holes in the adjacent column inject in the upstream direction. Numerical simulations are carried out at different velocity ratios and circumferentially averaged value of adiabatic film cooling effectiveness is estimated. Simulation results indicate that the mixed injection configuration has better and more uniform cooling, throughout the perforated plate, than with downstream injection. The difference is greater with increase in the velocity ratio. Configuration with upstream injection gives better cooling than mixed injection at front few rows of cooling holes but it shows poorer performance with downstream injection in the downstream rows of cooling holes. The obtained results from this study can be an invaluable input for highly loaded combustion chambers.
The Weapon of Blood: Politics and Intrigue at the Decline of Akkad
Authors: Kraus Nicholas 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
By the end of the reign of Šar-kali-šarrī, the hegemony that Akkad held over southern Mesopotamia was weakening. The governors of Sumer began to assert their independence and break free from Akkad’s control, and the Gutium presence posed a significant threat to Akkad’s power. The present article includes a copy, edition, and commentary of an unpublished Sargonic letter, specifically concerned with the political machinations occurring during this period of upheaval in the Late Akkadian period. Of particular interest are references to the governors of Umma and Adab, the ensi-ship of Gutium, and military action at Uruk. Additionally, the events detailed in this new letter closely parallel another letter from Girsu, suggesting that the two letters are synchronous correspondence. The new letter furthers our understanding of the intrigue amongst the political elite and the events leading to the end of Akkadian supremacy in Sumer.
Enkidu and the Harlot: Another Fragment of Old Babylonian Gilgameš
Authors: George A. R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article presents a newly deciphered Old Babylonian fragment of the Epic of Gilgameš. The passages of text preserved on it tell of Enkidu’s encounter with the prostitute and of his arrival in the city of Uruk, and clarify the relationship between other sources for the same episode. The perceived difference between the Old and Standard Babylonian poems’ treatment of Enkidu’s seduction disappears. The extant versions can be reconciled in a single narrative, common to all versions, that holds two different weeks of sexual intercourse. The different narrative strategies deployed in describing them are one of the ways in which the poem explores Enkidu’s psychological development as he changes from wild man to socialized man.
A Hymn of Ayadaragalama, King of the First Sealand Dynasty, to the Gods of Nippur: The Fate of Nippur and Its Cult during the First Sealand Dynasty
Authors: Gabbay Uri , Boivin Odette 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The article presents a philological edition of a tablet stemming from the Sealand dynasty that ruled southern Babylonia during the late Old Babylonian and the early Kassite period. It contains a bilingual Sumero-Akkadian hymn to the gods of Nippur for the sake of the Sealand king Ayadaragalama. The article examines the hymn in its literary context, especially in relation to earlier Old Babylonian royal hymns, and in its historical context, focusing especially on the situation in Nippur during the period of the First Sealand dynasty.
Capital Investment, Weight Standards and Overland Trade at Emar
Authors: Zaccagnini Carlo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article analyses a selection of texts from Emar (modern Tell Meskene) in order to illuminate Late Bronze Age trade and financial activities run by private investors and travelling merchants in Northern Mesopotamia and the Levant. In the first part of the article, two cases of redemption of indebted merchants show how capital-lenders secured their investments through personal and real-estate guaranties. The second part of the article examines the various weight standards used by merchants in international trade activities, and shows how this metrological multiplicity is reflected in the figures recorded in the texts.
Exorcists and Physicians at Assur: More on their Education and Interfamily and Court Connections
Authors: May Natalie Naomi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study presents a further investigation into the library of the so-called Haus des Beschwörungspriesters, also known as N4 library, the largest and richest Neo-Assyrian private library. The research is based mostly on colophons, and also involves other texts originating in and outside Assur. Its purpose is to investigate further the functions of the exorcist family members in the Aššur temple and at the court and their kinship and professional relationships.
7-Methyl-6-furylpurine forms dinuclear metal complexes with N3,N9 coordination
Authors: Sinha Indranil , Heller Lukas , Kösters Jutta , Müller Jens 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two dinuclear metal complexes bearing the purine derivative 7-methyl-6-furylpurine (1b) as a ligand are reported. In [Ag2(1b)2(DMSO)2](ClO4)2·DMSO and [Cu2(1b)2(NO3)2], two bridging purine derivatives coordinate the two metal ions via their N3 and N9 positions. In the silver(I) complex, the coordination environment of each metal ion is completed by a DMSO ligand, whereas an additional nitrato ligand coordinates to each copper(I) ion. The intramolecular Ag···Ag distance of 3.1069(5) Å is in agreement with the presence of a weak argentophilic interaction, whereas the Cu···Cu distance of 2.9382(4) Å is too long to be indicative of a cuprophilic interaction. The compounds represent the first examples of dinuclear complexes comprising two N3,N9-bridging purine derivatives without any additional bridging ligand.
The use of Apixaban for the treatment of an LV thrombus
Authors: Bennett Sadie , Satchithananda Duwarakan 
Published: August 2018

Summary
A 42-year-old male was admitted with shortness of breath secondary to suspected heart failure and chest infection. An echocardiogram revealed a dilated and impaired left ventricle; ejection fraction 29%, with a large, mobile thrombus within the left ventricular apex. Due to the presence of liver dysfunction, vitamin K antagonists were deemed inappropriate; thus, the decision was taken to use the novel anticoagulation agent Apixaban. After 6 days of receiving Apixaban, a cardiac magnetic resonance scan was preformed, which showed complete resolution of the LV apical thrombus.
Concomitant acute stroke, pulmonary and myocardial infarction due to in-transient thrombus across a patent foramen ovale
Authors: Barros-Gomes Sergio , Sabbagh Abdallah El , Eleid Mackram F. , Mankad Sunil V. 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Non-atherosclerotic myocardial infarction (MI) is an important but often misdiagnosed cause of acute MI. Furthermore, non-atherosclerotic MI with concomitant acute stroke and pulmonary embolism due to in-transit thrombus across a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a rare but potentially fatal combination (1, 2, 3). Early detection of this clinical entity can facilitate delivery of targeted therapies and avoid poor outcome (1, 2). Here, we describe a 68-year-old female with hypertension, tobacco abuse and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presenting with facial droop, right arm weakness and aphasia. Head computed tomography (CT) without contrast was unremarkable. ECG showed an acute inferolateral ST-elevation MI (Fig. 1, Panel A). As patient presented with both an acute neurological deficit and MI, clinical suspicion of non-atherosclerotic MI was raised and the patient underwent concurrent emergency coronary angiography (CAG) and transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). TEE revealed highly mobile masses in the left and right atrium (Fig. 1, Panel B and Video 1). The large mass (thrombus or cast of a deep venous thrombus) was caught in a PFO (Fig. 1, Panel C, D, E and Videos 2, 3). A second smaller mass/thrombus was seen on the Eustachian valve near the right atrial/inferior vena cava junction (Fig. 1, Panel F and Video 4). CAG confirmed a 100% occluded distal right posterolateral artery suggestive of an embolic phenomenon. The patient underwent successful thrombectomy, retrieving a large thrombus burden (Fig. 1, Panel G and Videos 5, 6, 7). CT angiography showed occluded internal carotid artery (Fig. 1, Panel H). Pathology from thrombectomy confirmed fibrin-rich thrombus. The patient had bilateral lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and bilateral diffuse pulmonary embolisms.
Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE): contra-indications, complications and safety of perioperative TOE
Authors: Hauser Neil David , Swanevelder Justiaan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) has, in certain clinical situations, become an almost universal monitor and diagnostic tool. In the perioperative environment, TOE is frequently used to guide anaesthetic management and assist with surgical decision making for, but not limited to, cardiothoracic, major vascular and transplant operations. The use of TOE is not limited to the theatre environment being frequently used in outpatient clinics, emergency departments and intensive care settings. Two case reports, one of oesophageal perforation and another of TOE utilization in a patient having previously undergone an oesophagectomy, introduce the need for care while using TOE and highlight the need for vigilance. The safe use of TOE, the potential complications and the suggested contraindications are then considered together with suggestions for improving the safety of TOE in adult and paediatric patients.
DENEYSEL AKUT PANKREATİT MODELİNDE GELİŞEN AKCİĞER HASARINA TEMPOL’ÜN ETKİSİ
Authors: AYTEKİN Faruk Önder 
Published: August 2018

Amaç: Akut pankreatitte gelişen
akciğer hasarına Tempol’ün etkisi araştırıldı.Yöntem: 30 adet rat üç gruba ayrıldı (
n=10). Grup I (Kontrol grubu): Laparotomi ve bilio-pankreatik kanal hazırlığı
yapıldı. Grup II (Akut pankreatit grubu):Bilio-pankreatik kanal bağlanarak akut
pankreatit ve akciğer hasarı oluşturuldu. Grup III (Tedavi grubu):
Bilio-pankreatik kanal bağlandı ve Tempol verildi. Her üç grupta da akciğer
dokusunun ıslak/kuru ağırlık oranı, akciğer dokusu miyeloperoksidaz aktivitesi
ve malondialdehit seviyesi ölçüldü.Bulgular: Grup II ve III de ıslak/kuru ağırlık oranında, miyeloperoksidaz
aktivitesinde ve malondialdehit
miktarında artış kontrol grubuna
göre anlamlı derecede yüksek saptandı (p&lt;0.0001). Grup III de ıslak/kuru
oranında azalma, miyeloperoksidaz aktivitesinde ve malondialdehit seviyesinde
düşme görüldü. Fakat bu değişim istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı.

Sonuç: Literatürde Tempol’ün deneysel iskemi-reperfüzyon ve sepsis
modellerinde gelişen uzak organ hasarı
üzerine olumlu etkileri bildirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda oluşturulan pankreatite
bağlı akciğer hasarında Tempol’ün kısmen
etkili olduğu, fakat bu etkinin literatürde yer alan iskemi-reperfüzyon ve sepsis modellerine göre
çok daha sınırlı kaldığı görülmekledir. Bu da pankreatite bağlı akciğer
hasarının oluşum mekanizmasında etkili başka faktörlerin de olabileceğini
düşündürmektedir. Bu konuda altta yatan mekanizmaları aydınlatmak için ileri
çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Levetiracetam in Select Populations
Authors: Jarvie Dael , Mahmoud Sherif Hanafy 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: Levetiracetam (LEV) is a broad spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) that has a more favorable side effect profile compared to older AEDs. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of LEV is generally unnecessary given its linear and predictable dose-serum concentration relationship, lack of drug-drug interactions, and broad therapeutic window. However, there is growing evidence showing that alteration of LEV pharmacokinetics (PK) may occur in special populations calling for the need for TDM. The purpose of this review was to summarize current literature surrounding altered LEV PK in special patient populations and determine if there is a need for levetiracetam TDM. Methods: A literature search of MEDLINE (1946 – November 2017) database of available evidence pertaining to altered LEV PK in humans was conducted. Results: A total of 51 articles were found. There has not been a positive correlation shown between LEV levels and efficacy or toxicity. Variable LEV levels are reported in the literature with respect to adverse effects, seizures and efficacy occurring below, within and above the supposed reference ranges. Age is a major contributor to altered pharmacokinetics of LEV as shown in elderly patients and pediatric patients. Compared to adults, clearance of LEV has been shown to be decreased by almost half in patients over 65 and increased by 30-40% in pediatric patients. LEV pharmacokinetics varied further when data from its use in neonates was explored. LEV clearance declined in a linear fashion with declining estimates of creatinine clearance but was variable in patients with end-stage renal failure or those requiring renal replacement therapy. In patients who were critically ill, LEV clearance may be augmented and these patients may require higher doses of medications to maintain drug levels. In patients who are pregnant, LEV levels are likely to decline as pregnancy progresses due to changes in glomerular filtration rate and remain variable in the post-partum period. Conclusion: Routine TDM of levetiracetam is not recommended for all populations, however, it may be beneficial to maintain an individual therapeutic range in patients where the PK of LEV may be altered, such as in patients who are critically ill patients, pregnant, pediatrics or elderly.
¿Puede la interpretación y aplicación que del Derecho privado haga el juez ser determinante en la subsistencia del estado de bienestar?
Authors: De Torres Perea José Manuel 
Published: August 2018

En el presente contexto global somos testigos de un enfrentamiento entre dos enfoques opuestos a la hora de interpretar y aplicar la ley. Uno, consagrado a lograr lo justo, considerando la justicia como esencia y fundamento del Derecho; y otro que hace prevalecer la seguridad jurídica y la interpretación literal de los contratos independientemente del resultado justo o injusto al que pueda llegarse. En este estudio, analizamos estos enfoques y sus consecuencias. Una de ellas podría ser, sin duda, la creciente desigualdad entre ciudadanos, en tanto que la carencia de recursos impidiera a parte de ellos poder asesorarse correctamente al contratar y quedar de este modo ligados al sentido literal de lo escrito. Desde esta perspectiva el riesgo en realidad lo es del propio concepto del «estado de bienestar».Recibido: 12 abril 2018Aceptado: 25 junio 2018 Publicación en línea: 03 agosto 2018
La tributación de las pensiones públicas
Authors: Gutiérrez Bengoechea Miguel 
Published: August 2018

El envejecimiento poblacional es un problema demográfico de carácter estructural que afecta en mayor o menor medida a todos los Estados de la Unión Europea. En España, este problema se agudizará dentro de diez años con la jubilación de la generación conocida como el baby-boom lo que ha puesto en duda la viabilidad del sistema de reparto de la seguridad social diseñado en los años 1963 a 1966 cuando la situación social de España y las necesidades de protección eran muy distintas a las que imperan actualmente.Además, con carácter coyuntural, desde el año 2006 España ha estado inmersa en una crisis económica como consecuencia de los efectos de la globalización económica en el ámbito financiero y por la caída del sector inmobiliario debida a una subida desproporcionada en los precios de este sector secundario. Este hecho ha provocado un descenso de cotizantes que ha suscitado que los partidos políticos se conciencien sobre la necesidad de que el sistema de reparto de la seguridad social se modifique para que sea sostenible en lo que respecta al pago de las pensiones públicas. A partir del año 2011, se han introducido reformas en relación a las pensiones públicas; así, el retraso en la edad de jubilación, el envejecimiento activo, la regulación del factor de sostenibilidad, el índice de revalorización y una recomendación hacia los instrumentos de previsión social privados como complemento de las pensiones públicas pretenden asegurar el principio constitucional de la suficiencia económica de los ciudadanos.Recibido: 12 abril 2018Aceptado: 25 junio 2018Publicación en línea: 03 agosto 2018
Sobre la estructura y los límites de los derechos sociales
Authors: Cabra Apalategui José Manuel 
Published: August 2018

Los derechos en general y los derechos sociales en particular se enfrentan a tres tipos de problemas: problemas filosóficos relativos a su fundamentación; problemas políticos que afectan a su reconocimiento; y, por último, problemas jurídicos que surgen a la hora de su garantía y protección. La pregunta acerca del status constitucional de los derechos sociales afecta directamente a este último problema.En este trabajo voy a mantener dos tesis, que, si bien son conceptualmente independientes, guardan una estrecha relación. En primer lugar, cualquier acercamiento a los problemas jurídicos de los derechos sociales debe tener en cuenta la estructura de los derechos, esto es, la posición del titular y del obligado por el derecho. Tener un derecho, al margen de cuál pueda ser su fundamento, significa ocupar una posición determinada en el marco de una relación jurídica. Afirmar que se tiene derecho a algo sin indicar quién está afectado, como obligado a hacer o a abstenerse de hacer, es una declaración política o moral, pero no el reconocimiento de un derecho en sentido estricto, esto es, en sentido jurídico.En la segunda parte señalaré que los límites que afectan a la garantía y protección de los derechos sociales dependen de la estructura de los derechos más que de su status constitucional.Recibido: 12 abril 2018Aceptado: 25 junio 2018Publicación en línea: 03 agosto 2018
La crisis y sus retos para la democracia. ¿Hacia un nuevo contrato político y social?
Authors: Rubio Núñez Rafael 
Published: August 2018

Ante la percepción generalizada de crisis, y la interrelación entre sus distintos planos, se plantea la hipótesis de una crisis de origen únicamente económica, con una réplica o traslado al ámbito social y político.Por otro lado, están aquellos que señalan que cada plano requiere de soluciones diferentes, y que soluciones económicas no llevan necesariamente a un fortalecimiento de la democracia, como se puede observar en un número creciente de países en los que la libertad de mercado, y sus buenos resultados conviven con regímenes autoritarios.Este trabajo se centrará en el aspecto institucional, y concretamente, en la democracia. Así, se acabará concluyendo sobre los peligros de poner en la reforma constitucional las expectativas de solución de problemas económicos y sociales, y sobre la necesidad de trabajar para que se den condiciones que hagan posible la reforma.Recibido: 17 abril 2018Aceptado: 25 junio 2018Publicación en línea: 03 agosto 2018
Las raíces españolas del Derecho filipino
Authors: Balane Rubén F. 
Published: August 2018

A principios del siglo XVI un barco español capitaneado por Magallanes desembarca en lo que hoy en día se conoce como las Islas de Filipinas. Desde el año 1565 al 1898 España mantuvo su soberanía en el territorio. Hasta entonces, las islas eran administradas desde la Ciudad de México y controladas a través del puerto de Acapulco. Durante este periodo, las Islas de Filipinas se regían por la normativa española: las Partidas, la Novísima Recopilación y la recopilación de las Leyes de Indias. El órgano supremo era la Royal Audiencia, que más tarde se dividió en dos salas: Sala de lo Civil y Sala de lo Penal. Antes de la lograr la independencia, se implantarón en las Islas el Código Penal en 1887 y el Código de Comercio y el Código Civil en 1889. Estos tres códigos han influido enormemente el Derecho vigente actualmente en Filipinas.Recibido: 12 abril 2018Aceptado: 25 junio 2018Publicación en línea: 03 agosto 2018
Un estudio comparado sobre el Derecho Internacional de Catástrofes aplicable a España y Filipinas
Authors: Bautista-Hernáez Andrés 
Published: August 2018

Debido al gran número de víctimas que dejan y a sus nefastas consecuencias, las catastrofes naturales constituyen hoy en día uno de los problemas más importantes. Sin embargo, la regulación internacional en este ámbito se caracteriza por tener considerables vacíos legales, y está compuesta principalmente de normas regionales y nacionales. Tanto España como Filipinas se ven afectados por estas catastrofes, si bien es cierto que este último ocupa el primer puesto en el ranking de número de muertes en el sudeste asíatico. Este documento tiene como objetivo analizar el marco normativo aplicable en ambos Estados en relación con esta materia, exponiendo sus principales fortalezas y debilidades.Recibido: 12 abril 2018Aceptado: 25 junio 2018Publicación en línea: 03 agosto 2018