bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breed does not affect the association between murmur intensity and disease severity in dogs with pulmonic or subaortic stenosis
Authors: Rishniw M. , Caivano D. , Dickson D. , Swift S. , Rouben C. , Dennis S. , Sammarco C. , Lustgarten J. , Ljungvall I. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo determine whether breed affects the ability of murmur intensity to predict the severity of stenosis in dogs with pulmonic stenosis or subaortic stenosis.Materials and MethodsRetrospective multi‐investigator study of dogs with pulmonic stenosis or subaortic stenosis. Murmur intensity, assessed by a four‐level classification scheme, was compared with echocardiographically‐determined pressure gradient across the affected valve. Breeds represented by at least 10 dogs at any murmur intensity were compared to determine the effect, if any, of breed.ResultsA total of 1088 dogs (520 with pulmonic stenosis and 568 with subaortic stenosis, representing 106 breeds and the mixed breed group) were included; 208 dogs had soft, 210 had moderate, 283 had loud and 387 had palpable murmurs. Fifteen breeds were represented by at least 10 dogs: five breeds with at least 10 dogs had soft murmurs (132 dogs), nine breeds had moderate murmurs (149 dogs), 10 breeds had loud murmurs (188 dogs), and 11 breeds had palpable murmurs (286 dogs). No breeds differed in stenosis severity from any other breeds within any murmur grade. Post hoc power calculations suggested that we would have been able to detect at least a moderate or large effect size, had one existed. Several dogs with soft murmurs had more‐than‐mild disease severity.Clinical SignificanceDespite anecdotally perceived differences in the detection of heart murmurs between breeds, which have been proposed to potentially affect the interpretation of stenosis severity, we found no obvious breed effect in the ability to predict severity of stenosis.
Thomas Aquinas’ Divine Simplicity as Biblical Hermeneutic
Authors: Long D. Stephen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLong draws from the Old Testament scholar Walter Brueggemann's commentary on Jeremiah some strong reasons for rejecting the traditional teaching on divine simplicity. Above all, for Brueggemann the book of Jeremiah simply will not work if God is simple: God explicitly tells Jeremiah that God suffers and also that God changes in response to Israel. According to Long, however, Thomas Aquinas's doctrine of divine simplicity actually upholds the points that Brueggemann draws from Jeremiah. Long argues that theological accounts of divine simplicity should especially have two purposes: to serve as a way of manifesting in speech the mystery of the Triune God, and to affirm God's transcendent sovereignty over creation. In light of Brueggemann's approach, Long examines four early Reformed theologians: Peter Vermigli (1499‐1562), Girolamo Zanchi (1516‐1590), John Biddle (1615‐1662) and John Owen (1616‐1683). While Biddle rejects divine simplicity, the others uphold it. Long shows that their teaching on divine simplicity focuses on God's transcendent sovereignty over creation. By contrast, Long finds Aquinas's doctrine of divine simplicity to be more helpful in upholding Brueggemann's insights, insofar as Aquinas uses the doctrine to defend the simplicity of the Triune God. Rather than focusing on God's sovereign power, Aquinas's doctrine of divine simplicity focuses on getting the Trinitarian processions right.
Populism and nationalism
Authors: Brubaker Rogers 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFew social science categories have been more heatedly contested in recent years than ‘populism’. One focus of debate concerns the relation between populism and nationalism. Criticising the tendency to conflate populism and nationalism, De Cleen and Stavrakakis argue for a sharp conceptual distinction between the two. They situate populist discourse on a vertical, and nationalist discourse on a horizontal axis. I argue that this strict conceptual separation cannot capture the productive ambiguity of populist appeals to ‘the people’, evoking at once plebs, sovereign demos and bounded community. The frame of reference for populist discourse is most fruitfully understood as a two‐dimensional space, at once a space of inequality and a space of difference. Vertical opposition to those on top (and often those on the bottom) and horizontal opposition to those outside are tightly interwoven, generally in such a way that economic, political and cultural elites are represented as being ‘outside’ as well as ‘on top’. The ambiguity and two‐dimensionality of appeals to ‘the people’ do not result from the conflation of populism and nationalism; they are a constitutive feature of populism itself, a practical resource that can be exploited in constructing political identities and defining lines of political opposition and conflict.
Perceived Quality of Governance and Trust in Government in Rural China: A Comparison Between Villagers and Officials
Authors: Han Ziqiang , Lin Kai , Tao Peng 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThis research examined the relations between perceived quality of governance and trust in government in China.MethodsUsing nationally representative data collected in rural China, we compared the varying degrees of trust in different levels of government (central, provincial, county, and town), and the varied effects of perceived quality of governance on trust in different levels of government between general villagers and local officials.ResultsThis study found that although officials showed higher degrees of trust in government, they demonstrated no significant difference from the general villagers on their perceived quality of national governance. Also, the effects of perceived quality of governance on trust in most levels of government have no significant differences between local officials and villagers.ConclusionThese findings were discussed in the broader contexts of economic development in China.
Functional analysis tools for post‐translational modification: a post‐translational modification database for analysis of proteins and metabolic pathways
Authors: Cruz Edward R. , Nguyen Hung , Nguyen Tin , Wallace Ian S. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPost‐translational modifications (PTMs) are critical regulators of protein function, and nearly 200 different types of PTM have been identified. Advances in high‐resolution mass spectrometry have led to the identification of an unprecedented number of PTM sites in numerous organisms, potentially facilitating a more complete understanding of how PTMs regulate cellular behavior. While databases have been created to house the resulting data, most of these resources focus on individual types of PTM, do not consider quantitative PTM analyses or do not provide tools for the visualization and analysis of PTM data. Here, we describe the Functional Analysis Tools for Post‐Translational Modifications (FAT‐PTM) database (https://bioinformatics.cse.unr.edu/fat-ptm/), which currently supports eight different types of PTM and over 49 000 PTM sites identified in large‐scale proteomic surveys of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. The FAT‐PTM database currently supports tools to visualize protein‐centric PTM networks, quantitative phosphorylation site data from over 10 different quantitative phosphoproteomic studies, PTM information displayed in protein‐centric metabolic pathways and groups of proteins that are co‐modified by multiple PTMs. Overall, the FAT‐PTM database provides users with a robust platform to share and visualize experimentally supported PTM data, develop hypotheses related to target proteins or identify emergent patterns in PTM data for signaling and metabolic pathways.
eIF3f depletion impedes mouse embryonic development, reduces adult skeletal muscle mass and amplifies muscle loss during disuse
Authors: Docquier Aurélie , Pavlin Laura , Raibon Audrey , Bertrand‐Gaday Christelle , Sar Chamroeun , Leibovitch Serge , Candau Robin , Bernardi Henri 
Published: April 2019

Key points
In muscular cells, eukaryotic initiation factor subunit f (eIF3f) activates protein synthesis by allowing physical interaction between mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), although its physiological role in animals is unknown.
A knockout approach suggests that homozygous mice carrying a null mutation of the eIF3f gene fail to develop and consequently die at early embryonic stage, whereas heterozygous mice associated with a partial depletion of eIF3f gene grow normally and are phenotypically indistinguishable from wild‐type mice.
Heterozygous mice express reduced eIF3f mRNA and protein levels in skeletal muscles and show diminished muscle mass associated with a decrease in the protein synthesis rate and an inhibition of the MTORC1 pathway.
During hindlimb immobilization, heterozygous eIF3f mice display an exacerbated immobilization‐induced muscle atrophy associated with reduced protein synthesis.
These results highlight the essential role of eIF3f during embryonic development and its involvement in muscular homeostasis via protein synthesis regulation.
AbstractEukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit F (eIF3f), a component of eIF3 complex, plays an important role in protein synthesis regulation, although its physiological functions are unknown. We generated and analysed mice carrying a null mutation in the eIF3f gene. We showed that homozygous eIF3f knockout fail to develop and that eIF3f−/− embryos die at an early stage of development but after the pre‐implantation stage. However, disrupting one eIF3f allele does not affect growth, viability and fertility of heterozygous mice but, instead, reduces eIF3f mRNA and protein levels in all tissues examined. Although heterozygous mice are phenotypically indistinguishable from wild‐type mice, they present a diminished body weight and a lean mass reduction associated with normal body size. Interestingly, skeletal muscles are mainly affected and display an altered cell size without modification of fibre number. Skeletal muscles of heterozygous mice show a deficiency in polysome content, a decrease in protein synthesis rate and an inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) pathway. We then studied the effects of hindlimb immobilization that mimic muscle disuse on heterozygous mice aiming to further explore the involvement of eIF3f in protein synthesis. We found that eIF3f partial depletion amplifies muscle atrophy compared to wild‐type mice. Mass and cross‐sectional area decreases were associated with reduced MTOR pathway activation and protein synthesis rate. Taken together, our data indicate that eIF3f is essential for mice embryonic development and controls adult skeletal muscle mass via protein synthesis regulation in a MTOR‐dependent manner.
Sedimentary evolution of the foreland basin in the NE Tibetan Plateau and the growth of the Qilian Shan since 7 Ma
Authors: Hu Xiaofei , Chen Dianbao , Pan Baotian , Chen Jinjun , Zhang Jian , Chang Jing , Gong Changsheng , Zhao Qiming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe studied the magnetostratigraphy and sedimentary facies of a 550-m-long drill core from the Jiudong Basin in the NE Tibetan Plateau. Our aims were to reconstruct the late Cenozoic sedimentary evolution of this foreland basin, and to determine the spatiotemporal pattern of growth of the Qilian Shan. The magnetostratigraphy indicates that the sedimentary sequence was deposited during ca. 7–0 Ma. From ca. 6.7–3.0 Ma, the sediment accumulation rate increased gradually from ∼30 mm/k.y. to 120 mm/k.y., which was associated with the gradual evolution of sedimentary facies from a shallow lake/delta front to braided rivers. The progradation of the depositional system from 7 Ma to 3 Ma probably reflects the growth of the relief of the Qilian Shan caused by tectonic uplift. The occurrence of a continuous braided river environment from 3 Ma to the present suggests that the high relief of the Qilian Shan developed before 3 Ma. An abrupt decrease of the sedimentation rate to ∼46 mm/k.y. during 3.0–1.8 Ma, and the deposition of coarse-grained sediments, indicates the uplift of the basin center. We interpret this to reflect the propagation of the thrust system of the Qilian Shan into the basin along a southward-dipping décollement from ca. 3 Ma. Climatic changes may have influenced the sedimentary sequence by introducing long-distance-transported thin coarse sand/gravel layers which are sandwiched within the sequence, and likely were a response to cooling events or climatic transitions. The widespread occurrence of deformation within the basin region in the NE Tibetan Plateau at ca. 3 Ma indicates that this date marks the basinward growth of the deformation system.
Compliance after switching from CPAP to bilevel for patients with non-compliant OSA: big data analysis
Authors: Benjafield Adam V , Pepin Jean-Louis D , Valentine Kate , Cistulli Peter A , Woehrle Holger , Nunez Carlos M , Armitstead Jeff , Malhotra Atul 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionFor patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) who are initially non-compliant with continuous (automatic) positive airway pressure (CPAP/APAP) therapy, a bilevel PAP (Spont/VAuto) therapy transition pathway is available to improve therapy adherence. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare PAP therapy usage data of patients with non-compliant OSA (ncOSA) on CPAP/APAP who were switched to bilevel PAP.MethodsA PAP telemonitoring database was queried between 1 January 2015 and 31 July 2016 for eligible patients started on CPAP/APAP and non-CMS (United States Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services) compliant and switched to bilevel PAP within 90 days of starting CPAP/APAP therapy. PAP therapy data on all patients were compared before switch (CPAP/APAP) and after switch (VAuto/Spont).ResultsOf the 1496 patients with ncOSA identified, 30.3% used CPAP, 62.3% APAP, and 7.4% both APAP and CPAP before switching to a bilevel mode. 47.8% patients switched to Spont mode and 52.2% to VAuto mode. PAP usage significantly improved by 0.9 h/day (p<0.001) and all other device metrics (residual apnoea–hypopnoea index and unintentional mask leak) also improved after the switch. No patients had achieved US CMS criteria for compliance before the switch, and 56.8% did after.ConclusionThis shows for the first time that there may be potential benefit from switching from CPAP/APAP to bilevel PAP for patients struggling with PAP adherence.
Prenatal ultrasound findings of rasopathies in a cohort of 424 fetuses: update on genetic testing in the NGS era
Authors: Stuurman Kyra E , Joosten Marieke , van der Burgt Ineke , Elting Mariet , Yntema Helger G , Meijers-Heijboer Hanne , Rinne Tuula 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThis study evaluates 6 years of prenatal rasopathy testing in the Netherlands, updates on previous data and gives recommendations for prenatal rasopathy testing.Methods424 fetal samples, sent in for prenatal rasopathy testing in 2011–2016, were collected. Cohort 1 included 231 samples that were sequenced for 1–5 rasopathy genes. Cohort 2 included 193 samples that were analysed with a 14-gene next generation sequencing (NGS) panel. For all mutation-positive samples in both cohorts, the referring physician provided detailed ultrasound findings and postnatal follow-up. For 168 mutation-negative samples in cohort 2, solely clinical information on the requisition form was collected.ResultsIn total, 40 (likely) pathogenic variants were detected (9.4%). All fetuses showed a variable degree of involvement of prenatal findings: increased nuchal translucency (NT)/cystic hygroma, distended jugular lymph sacs (JLS), hydrops fetalis, polyhydramnios, pleural effusion, ascites, cardiac defects and renal anomalies. An increased NT was the most common finding. Eight fetuses showed solely an increased NT/cystic hygroma, which were all larger than 5.5 mm. Ascites and renal anomalies appeared to be poor predictors of pathogenic outcome.ConclusionFetuses with a rasopathy show in general multiple ultrasound findings. The larger the NT and the longer it persists, the more likely it is to find a pathogenic variant. Rasopathy testing is recommended when the fetus shows an isolated increased NT ≥5.0 mm or when NT of ≥3.5 mm and at least one of the following ultrasound anomalies is present: distended JLS, hydrops fetalis, polyhydramnios, pleural effusion, ascites, cardiac defects and renal anomalies.
Low gonorrhoea antimicrobial resistance and culture positivity rates in general practice: a pilot study
Authors: Visser Maartje , van Westreenen Mireille , van Bergen Jan , van Benthem Birgit H B 
Published: April 2019

Objective
In the Netherlands, the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance (GRAS) programme is carried out at Centres for Sexual Health (CSH), which provide care for sexual high-risk populations. However, half of gonorrhoea infections are diagnosed in general practice (GP). We performed a pilot study to explore expanding GRAS to GPs using laboratory-based surveillance. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance patterns of GP and CSH patients were compared.

Methods
Three laboratories from different regions were included, which all perform gonorrhoea diagnostics for GPs and used ESwab for patient sampling. Additional culturing for all GP patients with gonorrhoea took place from February to July 2018. After positive PCR-nucleic acid amplification test, residual ESwab material was used for culture. In positive cultures, susceptibility testing was performed for azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone using Etest.

Results
During the study period, 484 samples were put in culture. 16.5% of cultures were positive (n=80). Antimicrobial resistance levels were low, with 2.6% resistance to azithromycin, 21.5% to ciprofloxacin and 0.0% to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Resistance levels in CSH GRAS data (first half of 2018) were 19.2% for azithromycin, 31.5% for ciprofloxacin, 1.9% for cefotaxime and 0.0% for ceftriaxone.

Conclusions
Culture positivity rates for GP patients were low, probably due to long transportation times and awaiting PCR test results before attempting culture. Positivity rates might be improved by making changes in sampling and/or transportation methods, but that would require involvement of GPs and patients instead of keeping the surveillance lab based. Resistance levels appeared to be lower at GPs than at the CSH, indicating that resistance might emerge first in more high-risk populations. It is important to consider all potentially relevant patient populations when establishing a gonococcal antimicrobial resistance surveillance programme. However, based on the findings from this study the current GRAS programme will not be extended to GPs.
Surgical Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures under the Ultrasound-Guided Brachial Plexus Block Performed by Surgeons
Authors: Obata Hiroyuki , Naito Kiyohito , Sugiyama Yoichi , Nagura Nana , Kinoshita Mayuko , Goto Kenji , Iwase Yoshiyuki , Obayashi Osamu , Kaneko Kazuo 
Published: April 2019

Background: The upper limb surgery under the ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block is becoming popular due to its safety, effectiveness, and convenience. However, the uneven distribution of anesthesiologists become a social problem. Ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block by surgeons has been widespread especially in hand surgeons. We report the surgical treatment of distal radius fractures under the ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block performed by surgeons in our hospital. Methods: The subjects were 101 patients (41 males and 60 females, average age 61.6 years) who underwent surgery for distal radius fractures under ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block administered by orthopedists at our university or related facilities between January 2014 and June 2016. Brachial plexus block was administered through the supraclavicular approach. The time from initiation of anesthesia to initiation of surgery, mean operative time, the presence or absence of additional anesthesia (local infiltration anesthesia, intravenous anesthesia, and general anesthesia), and complications were evaluated. Results: The mean time from brachial plexus block to initiation of surgery was 35.7 (20–68) minutes, and the mean operative time was 90.5 (35–217) minutes. Surgery was completed with brachial plexus block alone in 62 patients (61.4%), and additional anesthesia was necessary in 39 patients (38.6%). Furthermore, general anesthesia was employed in 6 patients (5.9%). No serious complications occurred. Conclusions: According to our results, the operation could be completed with brachial plexus block alone and additional local infiltration anesthesia or intravenous anesthesia in 94.1% (95 cases). However, 6 cases (5.9%) shifted to general anesthesia. Although it needs training, we consider that hand surgery including distal radius fractures treatment under the ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block is possible. On the other hand, cooperation or a cooperative system with anesthesiologists is necessary for surgeons to administer this anesthesia.
Identification of Synthesis Approaches for IP/IC Piracy of Reversible Circuits
Authors: Saeed Samah Mohamed , Mahendran Nithin , Zulehner Alwin , Wille Robert , Karri Ramesh 
Published: April 2019

Reversible circuits employ a computational paradigm that is beneficial for several applications, including the design of encoding and decoding devices, low-power design, and emerging applications inquantum computation. However, similarly to conventional logic, reversible circuits are expected to be subject toIntellectual Property/Integrated Circuit piracy. To counteract such attacks, an understanding of how to identify the target function from a reversible circuit is a crucial first step. In contrast to conventional logic, the target function is (implicitly or explicitly) embedded into the reversible circuit. Numerous synthesis approaches have been proposed for this embedding task. To recover the target function embedded in a reversible circuit, one needs to know what synthesis approach has been used to embed the circuit.We propose a machine-learning-based scheme to determine the used reversible synthesis approach based on the telltale signs it leaves in the synthesized reversible circuit. We study the impact of optimizing the synthesis approaches on the telltale signs that they leave. Our analysis shows that the synthesis approaches can be determined in the vast majority of cases even if optimized versions of the synthesis approaches are used.