bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective study on the impact of ulnar nerve dislocation on the pathophysiology of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Kang Seok , Yoon Joon Shik , Yang Seung Nam , Choi Hyuk Sung 
Published: May 2019

Introduction
High resolution ultrasonography (US) has been used for diagnosis and evaluation of entrapment peripheral neuropathy. Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is the second most common focal entrapment neuropathy. The ulnar nerve tends to move to the anteromedial side and sometimes subluxates or dislocates over the medial epicondyle as the elbow is flexed. Dislocation of the ulnar nerve during elbow flexion may contribute to friction injury. We aimed to investigate the effects which the dislocation of ulnar nerve at the elbow could have on the electrophysiologic pathology of UNE.

Materials
We retrospectively reviewed 71 arms of UNE. The demographic data, electrodiagnosis findings and US findings of ulnar nerve were analyzed. We classified the electrodiagnosis findings of UNE into three pathologic types; demyelinating, sensory axonal loss, and mixed sensorimotor axonal loss. The arms were grouped into non-dislocation, partial dislocation, and complete dislocation groups according to the findings of nerve dislocation in US examination. We compared the electrodiagnosis findings, ulnar nerve cross sectional areas in US and electrodiagnosis pathology types among the groups.

Results
A total of 18 (25.3%) arms showed partial dislocation, and 15 (21.1%) arms showed complete dislocation of ulnar nerve in US. In the comparison of electrodiagnosis findings, the partial and complete dislocation groups showed significantly slower conduction velocities and lower amplitudes than non-dislocation group in motor conduction study. In the sensory conduction study, the conduction velocity was significantly slower in partial dislocation group and the amplitude was significantly lower in complete dislocation group than non-dislocation group. In the comparison of US findings, patients in partial and complete dislocation groups showed significantly larger cross sectional areas of the ulnar nerve. The comparison of electrodiagnosis pathologic types among the groups revealed that there were significantly larger proportions of the axonal loss (sensory axonal loss or mixed sensorimotor axonal loss) in partial and complete dislocation groups than non-dislocation group.

Conclusion
The ulnar nerve dislocation could influence on the more severe damage of the ulnar nerve in patients with UNE. It might be important to evaluate the dislocation of the ulnar nerve using US in diagnosing ulnar neuropathy for predicting the prognosis and determining the treatment direction of UNE.
The Suppressive Effects of Selected Plants Species for the Management of P. hysterophorus
Authors: Mtenga Neema , Mokiti Thadeo , Ndakidemi Patrick , Mbega Ernest 
Published: May 2019

Aims: The present study investigated the suppressive effects of Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum arundinaceum, Amaranthus spinous, Tagetes erictus and Cassia tora on the management of Parthenium hysterophorus.
Study Design: A randomized block design was used to assess the suppressive effects of Sorghum bicolor, Tagetes erictus, Amaranthas spinous, Sorghum arundinaceum and C. tora in laboratory and pot experiments. The treatments were replicated four times.
Place and Duration of Study: Experiments were conducted at the Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI) and Nelson Mandela Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) for three months from March to June, 2018.
Methodology: Plant to plant and seed to seed interactions were used to study the growth parameters behavior of tested plants both in pots and in laboratory settings. The germination of each plants in both laboratory and screen house was recorded soon after germination for 14 days at the interval of two days. Additionally, for pot studies, plant height, root length and biomass yield were assessed after a period of 3 months during the termination of the study.
Results: Results showed that Sorghum bicolor, Tagetes erictus, Amaranthus spinous and Sorghum arundinaceum demonstrated strong suppression on germination inhibition and plant height and root length as well as reduced biomass of P. hysterophorus. However, Cassia tora exhibited weak suppression effects in both laboratory and pot experiments.
Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that Sorghum bicolor, Tagetes erictus, Amaranthus spinous, Sorghum arundinaceum were effective in affecting P. hysterophorus. Our finding provides bases towards developing an effective alternative to manage P. hysterophorous.
Nematode Parasites of Anurans from Three Cocoa Farms in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oniya M. O. , Adeyekun A. L. 
Published: May 2019

The research was designed to investigate the parasitic fauna of Anurans from cocoa farms in Ondo state. Amphibians are one of the most threatened groups of vertebrates. Many reasons are attributed to the decline of amphibian species such as global warming, habitat destruction and modification, others include: exploitation, pesticide use, introduced species, ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B), pollution, parasites and diseases. A total of 31 frogs from 4 genera, Hemisus, Ptychadena, Rana and Xenopus and 7 toads from 1 genus, Sclerophrys were examined. 9 frogs were collected from Oluwateru farm at Iwoye Village; 7 frogs were collected from Folorunso farm at Ako-Igbatoro and 15 frogs from Obodulu farm in Idanre. 5 toads were collected from Oluwateru farm at Iwoye Village and 2 toads from Obodulu farm in Idanre. In all cases collection was done between 20:00 hrs and 05:00 hrs. Collected specimens were transported in sealed but ventilated containers to the laboratory where identification was done to species level. The frogs were anaesthetized until death in absolute chloroform soaked in cotton wool placed inside kill-jar for 3 minutes in the laboratory. The gastrointestinal tracts were cut open and the contents of the various sections were put into separate Petri dishes containing normal saline. The skin and the bladder were observed directly under a dissecting microscope for the presence of cysts and monogeneans. The parasites were fixed and preserved in 70% alcohol following standard procedure. Parasites recovered from the gastrointestinal tracts of the anurans include Cosmocerca ornata, Deising, 1861, Cosmocerca cummutata, Diesing, 1851 Paracosmocerca mucronata, Kung and Wu, 1945, Ampliceacum africanum, Taylor, 1924, Gendria liberrei Bain and Philipon, 1969 and Chenospirura asturi Hsu, 1957 Others were Procamallus brevis Kung, 1948 and Camallanus dimitrovi Durette- Desset and Batcharov, 1974. Some of the parasites are zoonotic while a few others are established parasites of African fishes and water Birds raising probable public health concerns from the findings. Further works aimed at unravelling the biodiversity of hosts and parasites in the lush ecosystem of Ondo state, as well as identification of organisms involved in the life cycle are noted.
Medication Errors among Healthcare Workers in a Major HIV Treatment Centre in Nigeria
Authors: Ekama S. O. , David A. N. , Musa A. Z. , Olojo I. I. , Herbertson E. C. , Oladele D. A. , Adaba S. T. , Chidi M. O. , Ohihoin A. G. , Odunukwe N. N. , Ezechi O. C. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Medication errors are major challenging clinical incidents in health care settings that could jeopardize a patient’s life and well being. These errors could occur at any step of the medication use process from prescribing, prescription verification, dispensing, drug administration to monitoring. This study aims to assess and classify medication errors among doctors and pharmacists.
Methods: A prospective observational study from July to September 2018. Randomly selected prescriptions were screened for errors before and after dispensing of drugs. Errors were assessed and classified according to the National Coordination Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCCMERP) index to determine the level of harm it posed to the patient.
Results: Out of 1529 prescriptions analyzed, 182(11.9%) medication errors were observed; 104(57.1%) and 78 (42.9%) among doctors and pharmacists respectively. Majority of the errors were for female patients, those on first line antiretroviral drug regimen, in the age group 41-50 years and according to the NCCMERP index of the error type D. The most common medication errors among the doctors were omission errors (36.5%) and errors in patient data (21.1%) while unsigned prescriptions (33.3%) and omitting prescribed drugs from dispensed drugs (28.2%) ranked highest among pharmacists’ errors. Doctors and pharmacists (53.3% and 75% respectively) with < 5years HIV care experience had higher error rates.
Conclusion: Medication errors associated with cotrimoxazole therapy were most common for both categories of health workers and this has a potential for poor treatment outcome. There is need for continuous training of health workers in HIV management.
KAJIAN PENERAPAN PRINSIP WATER CONSERVATION SESUAI STANDAR GREENSHIP NEW BUILDING VERSI 1.2 STUDI KASUS: GEDUNG P1 DAN P2 UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN PETRA SURABAYA
Authors: Teddy Steviani Dewi , Priatman Jimmy , Susilo Nugroho 
Published: May 2019

Isu green building dewasa ini menjadi sangat penting untuk diterapkan. Alasan utamanya adalah karena bangunan mengkonsumsi begitu banyak sumber daya alam, di tengah-tengah krisis energi dan air yang sedang melanda dunia. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar penghematan air yang dapat dicapai oleh gedung P1 dan P2 dengan menerapkan konsep penggunaan fitur hemat air, rainwater harvesting, serta daur ulang grey water. Penghematan ini berkaitan dengan jumlah poin yang berpotensi diperoleh gedung P1 dan P2 untuk credit WAC 1 sampai dengan WAC 6 menurut Greenship New Building Versi 1.2.

Untuk memprediksi penggunaan air di gedung P1 dan P2, dilaksanakan survei melalui kuesioner. Pengguna gedung P, W, dan T Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya dipilih secara acak sebagai responden. Dari hasil kajian, desain asli gedung P1 dan P2 berpotensi memperoleh 17 poin untuk kategori water conservation dari total 20 poin. Usulan-usulan diberikan untuk menyempurnakan desain gedung P1 dan P2 sehingga bisa mencapai perolehan 20 poin maksimum.

Nowadays, green building issue has become very important. The main reason is that buildings consume much of natural resources, in the middle of world energy and water crisis which is happening around the world. The goal of this research is to find out how much water saving that P1 and P2 building can achieve by applying the concepts of water saving fixture usage, rainwater harvesting, and grey water recycling. This saving is related to how many points that bulding can potentially achieve for WAC 1 to WAC 6 credit according to Greenship for New Building version 1.2 standard.

To predict water consumption at P1 and P2 buildings, a questionnaire survey was conducted. Occupants of P, W, and T buildings of Petra Christian University Surabaya were randomly chosen as respondents. As the result of this research, P1 and P2 building original design is potential to achieve 17 points out of total 20 points. Suggestions are proposed to perfect the design of P1 and P2 building in order to achieve maximum 20 points.
Intra-Annual Changes in Waterborne Nanophyetus salmincola
Authors: Hershberger P. K. , Powers R. L. , Besijn B. L. , Rankin J. , Wilson M. , Antipa B. , Bjelland J. , MacKenzie A. H. , Gregg J. L. , Purcell M. K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An analysis of daily water samples collected from an index site on Big Soos Creek, Washington indicated intra-annual differences in the concentrations of waterborne Nanophyetus salmincola. Waterborne concentrations, quantified as gene copies/L, peaked during the fall (October–November 2016), decreased to very low concentrations over the winter (January–March 2017), and then increased in the spring and throughout the summer. High waterborne concentrations of N. salmincola DNA (2 × 106 gene copies/L) corresponded with live N. salmincola cercariae (mean = 3 cercariae/L) that were detected in companion water samples. Spikes in waterborne N. salmincola concentrations in October and November typically coincided with increases in streamflow; this combination resulted in elevated infection pressures during high water events in the fall. The peak in waterborne N. salmincola concentrations corresponded with an accompanying peak in tissue parasite density (metacercariae/posterior kidney) in Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch that were reared in the untreated water.
Deceiving suspects about their alibi is equally harmful to the innocent and guilty
Authors: Sauerland Melanie , Krix Alana C. , Sagana Anna 
Published: May 2019

SummaryA common belief in police officers is that guilty suspects' statements are less consistent than innocent suspects'. This could leave guilty suspects more vulnerable to missing inconsistencies externally induced into their alibis. Source monitoring and cognitive load approaches suggest that untruthfulness rather than guilt should predict proneness to such deception. Manipulating both guilt and truthfulness, we tested these opposing hypotheses. One hundred twenty‐six participants were accused of stealing gift vouchers after wandering about a building. When interviewed several days later, participants rarely detected alterations in their alibi (23–29%). Unexpectedly, for one of three detection measures, untruthful participants detected more manipulations than did truthful participants. Guilt did not moderate detection rates. Manipulations were equally harmful for guilty and innocent suspects, and blindness to the alibi manipulations was not useful for discriminating innocent from guilty suspects. Because blindness effects are easy to elicit in the legal context, techniques that externally induce inconsistencies should be avoided.
Over 30% External Quantum Efficiency Light‐Emitting Diodes by Engineering Quantum Dot‐Assisted Energy Level Match for Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Song Jiaojiao , Wang Ouyang , Shen Huaibin , Lin Qingli , Li Zhaohan , Wang Lei , Zhang Xintong , Li Lin Song 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the study of hybrid quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs), even for state‐of‐the‐art achievement, there still exists a long‐standing charge balance problem, i.e., sufficient electron injection versus inefficient hole injection due to the large valence band offset of quantum dots (QDs) with respect to the adjacent carrier transport layer. Here the dedicated design and synthesis of high luminescence Zn1−x
CdxSe/ZnSe/ZnS QDs is reported by precisely controlled shell growth, which have matched energy level with the adjacent hole transport layer in QLEDs. As emitters, such Zn1−xCdxSe‐ based QLEDs exhibit peak external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of up to 30.9%, maximum brightness of over 334 000 cd m−2, very low efficiency roll‐off at high current density (EQE ≈25% @ current density of 150 mA cm−2), and operational lifetime extended to ≈1 800 000 h at 100 cd m−2. These extraordinary performances make this work the best among all solution‐processed QLEDs reported in literature so far by achieving simultaneously high luminescence and balanced charge injection. These major advances are attributed to the combination of an intermediate ZnSe layer with an ultrathin ZnS outer layer as the shell materials and surface modification with 2‐ethylhexane‐1‐thiol, which can dramatically improve hole injection efficiency and thus lead to more balanced charge injection.
Improved Stability and Photodetector Performance of CsPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dots by Ligand Exchange with Aminoethanethiol
Authors: Bi Chenghao , Kershaw Stephen V. , Rogach Andrey L. , Tian Jianjun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA surface engineering strategy aimed at improving the stability of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) both in solution and as films is demonstrated, by performing partial ligand exchange with a short chain ligand, 2‐aminoethanethiol (AET), in place of the original long chain ligands, oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OAm), used in synthesis. This results in the formation of a compact ligand barrier around the particles, which prevents penetration of water molecules and thus degradation of the films and, in addition, at the same time improves carrier mobility. Moreover, the AET ligand can passivate surface traps of the QDs, leading to an enhanced photoluminescence (PL) efficiency. As a result, AET‐CsPbI3 QDs maintain their optical performance both in solution and as films, retaining more than 95% of the initial PL intensity in water after 1 h, and under ultraviolet irradiation for 2 h. Photodetectors based on the AET‐CsPbI3 QD films exhibit remarkable performance, such as high photoresponsivity (105 mA W−1) and detectivity (5 × 1013 Jones at 450 nm and 3 × 1013 Jones at 700 nm) without an external bias. The photodetectors also show excellent stability, retaining more than 95% of the initial responsivity in ambient air for 40 h without any encapsulation.
Chiral Octahydro‐Binaphthol Compound‐Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence with Superior EQE of 32.6% and Extremely Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Wu Zheng‐Guang , Han Hua‐Bo , Yan Zhi‐Ping , Luo Xu‐Feng , Wang Yi , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Pan Yi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCircularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) are particularly favorable for the direct generation of CP light, and they demonstrate a promising application in 3D display. However, up to now, such CP devices have suffered from low brightness, insufficient efficiency, and serious efficiency roll‐off. In this study, a pair of octahydro‐binaphthol (OBN)‐based chiral emitting enantiomers, (R/S)‐OBN‐Cz, are developed by ingeniously merging a chiral source and a luminophore skeleton. These chirality–acceptor–donor (C–A–D)‐type and rod‐like compounds concurrently generate thermally activated delayed fluorescence with a small ΔEST of 0.037 eV, as well as a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 92% and intense circularly polarized photoluminescence with dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of ≈2.0 × 10−3 in thin films. The CP‐OLEDs based on (R/S)‐OBN‐Cz enantiomers not only display obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence signals with a |gEL| of ≈2.0 × 10−3, but also exhibit superior efficiencies with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) up to 32.6% and extremely low efficiency roll‐off with an EQE of 30.6% at 5000 cd m−2, which are the best performances among the reported CP devices to date.
Solution‐Processed Transparent Sn4+‐Doped CuI Hybrid Photodetectors with Enhanced Performances
Authors: Li Siyuan , Zhang Yong , Yang Wei , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerein, Sn4+‐doped copper (I) iodide (CuI) is prepared via a facile, cost‐efficient solution process, and the properties of Sn4+‐doped CuI, including morphology, crystalline phase, as well as optical and electrical properties, are investigated by varying the Sn4+ concentration. And by constructing transparent Sn4+‐CuI/ZnO hybrid UV photodetectors, the potential of Sn4+‐CuI as a p‐type material for high‐performance photodetection is investigated. It is found that Sn4+ doping has great effect on the morphology as the formation of Sn4+‐CuI thin sheets is observed, and the resistivity of Sn4+‐CuI could be tuned by controlling Sn4+ addition. The Sn4+‐CuI/ZnO hybrid photodetectors exhibit obviously enhanced photodetecting performance outperforming ZnO film and CuI/ZnO photodetectors by the same preparation method, including significantly improved on/off ratio, spectral responsivity, and shortened responsive time. The enhanced performance of Sn4+‐CuI/ZnO hybrid photodetectors mainly arises from the formation of type‐II p‐Sn4+‐CuI/n‐ZnO heterojunctions, and the better interface contact leads to higher carrier separation efficiency due to the existence of Sn4+‐CuI thin sheets. And the improved performance is also related to the optimized resistivity of Sn4+‐CuI. This study sheds light on the potential of doped CuI toward transparent, high‐performance photodetectors in the future.
Laser‐Induced Graphene Composites for Printed, Stretchable, and Wearable Electronics
Authors: Tehrani Farshad , Beltrán‐Gastélum Mara , Sheth Karan , Karajic Aleksandar , Yin Lu , Kumar Rajan , Soto Fernando , Kim Jayoung , Wang Joshua , Barton Shemaiah , Mueller Michelle , Wang Joseph 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGraphene‐based composites have received attention as part of the drive towards next‐generation electronic and energy‐storage technologies. However, current graphene synthesis methods are limited by complex, time‐consuming, toxic, costly, and/or often low‐yield procedures. The synthesis of a novel stretchable graphene‐polyurethane‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate ink aimed at printing wearable electronics is reported. The procedure is based on low‐cost high‐yield production of high‐performance graphene ink produced by laser induction of polyimide film followed by harvesting the graphene. Screen printing is used to fabricate flexible and intrinsically stretchable micro‐supercapacitors (S‐MSCs) printed on different substrates. The resulting graphene‐based printed S‐MSCs display a remarkably high capacitive performance and attractive mechanical resiliency. High specific areal capacitance, above 23 mF cm−2, is achieved, which is the highest areal capacitance reported for highly stretchable, printed graphene supercapacitors. A repeated (200 cycles) stretchability beyond 100% is obtained while maintaining more than 85% of the S‐MSCs' original capacitance. This unique and highly scalable graphene ink synthesis method holds considerable promise for application in low‐cost graphene‐based chemical formulation, especially in the field of printed and wearable electronics toward multifunctional, energy‐storage systems capable of withstanding severe mechanical deformation while maintaining their optimal electrochemical performance.
Organic Solar Cells on Paper Substrates
Authors: Rawat Madhu , Jayaraman Eswaran , Balasubramanian Sambathkumar , Iyer S. Sundar Kumar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe fabrication of organic solar cells on paper substrate is attractive as it paves the way for roll‐to‐roll‐processed modules on more ecologically friendly substrates. A paper‐substrate solar‐cell process is successfully demonstrated. Commercially available paper with coatings from the polyvinyl family of materials is made suitable for electronic‐device fabrication. Smoothing layers of polyvinyl formal (PVF) with a knife‐edge coater give them an acceptable root mean square roughness of around 2.6 ± 0.2 nm. This paper is shown to be compatible with subsequent organic‐solar‐cell device fabrication with a variety of solvents including polar solvents. Top‐illuminated solar cells with blends of either poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and [6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), or poly({4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl}{3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl}) and PCBM as photoactive layer having power conversion efficiencies up to 3.37% and 6.44%, respectively, are fabricated. A statistically significant number solar cells with different areas from multiple runs are fabricated and their solar cell parameters are analyzed and discussed. The results show strong promise for solar‐cell fabrication on environmentally friendly paper substrates.