bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Validation and Refinement of a Decision Rule to Obtain Chest X‐ray in Patients With Nontraumatic Chest Pain in the Emergency Department
Authors: Newsom Case , Jeanmonod Rebecca , Woolley Wendy , Shah Nirali , Asher Shellie , Bruno Eric , Silberman Michael , Reiter Mark , Jeanmonod Donald 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to prospectively validate and refine previously published criteria to determine the potential utility of chest x‐ray (CXR) in the evaluation and management of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with nontraumatic chest pain (CP).MethodsA prospective observational study was performed of patients presenting to three EDs in the United States with a chief complaint of nontraumatic CP. Previously defined high‐risk history and examination elements were combined into a refined decision rule and these elements were recorded for each patient by the ED physician. CXR results were reviewed and analyzed to determine the presence of clinically significant findings including pneumonia, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, congestive heart failure, or the presence of a new mass. Odds ratios for each history and examination element were analyzed as well as sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of the rule overall.ResultsA total of 1,111 patients were enrolled and 1,089 CXRs were analyzed. There were 70 (6.4%) patients with clinically relevant findings on CXR. The refined decision rule had a sensitivity of 92.9% (confidence interval [CI] = 83.4%–97.3%) and specificity of 30.4% (CI = 27.6%–33.4%) to predict clinically relevant findings on CXR, with a NPV of 98.4% (CI = 96.1%–99.4%). Five CXRs with clinically significant findings would have been missed by application of the refined rule (three pneumonias and two pleural effusions). Applying these criteria as a CXR decision rule to this population would have reduced CXR utilization by 28.9%.ConclusionsThis study validates previous research suggesting a low clinical yield for CXR in the setting of nontraumatic CP in the ED. This refined clinical decision rule has a favorable sensitivity and NPV in a patient population with low incidence of disease. Further validation is needed prior to use in practice.
Efficacy and safety of antidepressant augmentation of continued antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Galling B. , Vernon J. A. , Pagsberg A. K. , Wadhwa A. , Grudnikoff E. , Seidman A. J. , Tsoy‐Podosenin M. , Poyurovsky M. , Kane J. M. , Correll C. U. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of antidepressant augmentation of antipsychotics in schizophrenia.MethodsSystematic literature search (PubMed/MEDLINE/PsycINFO/Cochrane Library) from database inception until 10/10/2017 for randomized, double‐blind, efficacy‐focused trials comparing adjunctive antidepressants vs. placebo in schizophrenia.ResultsIn a random‐effects meta‐analysis (studies = 42, n = 1934, duration = 10.1 ± 8.1 weeks), antidepressant augmentation outperformed placebo regarding total symptom reduction [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.57 to −0.17, P < 0.001], driven by negative (SMD = −0.25, 95% CI = −0.44–0.06, P = 0.010), but not positive (P = 0.190) or general (P = 0.089) symptom reduction. Superiority regarding negative symptoms was confirmed in studies augmenting first‐generation antipsychotics (FGAs) (SMD = −0.42, 95% CI = −0.77, −0.07, P = 0.019), but not second‐generation antipsychotics (P = 0.144). Uniquely, superiority in total symptom reduction by NaSSAs (SMD = −0.71, 95% CI = −1.21, −0.20, P = 0.006) was not driven by negative (P = 0.438), but by positive symptom reduction (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI = −0.77, −0.09, P = 0.012). Antidepressants did not improve depressive symptoms more than placebo (P = 0.185). Except for more dry mouth [risk ratio (RR) = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.04–2.36, P = 0.03], antidepressant augmentation was not associated with more adverse events or all‐cause/specific‐cause discontinuation.ConclusionsFor schizophrenia patients on stable antipsychotic treatment, adjunctive antidepressants are effective for total and particularly negative symptom reduction. However, effects are small‐to‐medium, differ across antidepressants, and negative symptom improvement seems restricted to the augmentation of FGAs.
Association between GOLGB1 tag‐polymorphisms and nonsyndromic cleft palate only in the Brazilian population
Authors: Machado Renato Assis , Martelli‐Júnior Hercílio , de Almeida Reis Silvia Regina , Persuhn Darlene Camati , Coletta Ricardo D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNonsyndromic oral clefts are common congenital birth defects that exhibit variable prevalence around the world, often influenced by population‐dependent genetic predisposition. Few studies have been performed with nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO), limiting the knowledge of the genetic risk factors related to this type of oral cleft. Genetic variants in golgin subfamily B member 1 (GOLGB1), a gene that is essential for normal murine palatogenesis, were analyzed in this study to establish its potential association with NSCPO risk in the Brazilian population. Five tag‐single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GOLGB1 (rs1169, rs7153, rs9968051, rs9819530, and rs6794341), which capture the majority of alleles spanning within gene, were genotyped in a case–control study with 270 patients with NSCPO and 284 unrelated healthy controls. The samples were also genotyped for 40 biallelic polymorphic markers to characterize the genetic ancestry. After adjustment for co‐variants, the GOLGB1 tag‐SNPs and the haplotypes formed by those SNPs were not significantly associated with NSCPO in this Brazilian case–control cohort. Our results suggest that common polymorphisms of GOLGB1 are not associated NSCPO susceptibility in the Brazilian population.
Feasibility and validity of frailty measurement in geriatric rehabilitation
Authors: Arjunan Aparna , Peel Nancye M , Hubbard Ruth E 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesThe measurement of frailty using a Frailty Index (FI) has been criticised as too time‐consuming for use in hospital settings. We aimed to assess the feasibility and characteristics of an FI derived from routinely collected data.MethodsA total of 258 participants aged 65 and older were included in a single‐centre prospective cohort study conducted in inpatient geriatric rehabilitation wards. The functional independence measure (FIM™), medication count and comorbidities were coded as deficits.ResultsAn FI could be derived in all participants. It was normally distributed with a mean (SD) of 0.42 (0.13) and reached a submaximal limit of 0.69. Adjusting for age and sex, the odds ratio of a poor outcome (death/discharge to higher care) was 1.38 (confidence interval 1.11–1.70) per unit (0.1) increase in FI.ConclusionDerivation of an FI from routinely collected data is feasible in geriatric rehabilitation settings and is predictive of poor outcomes.
Sovereign intimacies: The lives of documents within US state‐noncitizen relationships
Authors: ABARCA GRAY ALBERT , COUTIN SUSAN BIBLER 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn the United States, the doctrine of plenary power grants the federal government considerable discretion in formulating US immigration policies. With only limited court review, the executive and legislative branches of government can create or abrogate immigration policies quite suddenly. This produces extreme uncertainty in the lives of noncitizens, who must collect check stubs, bills, medical records, and other documents in hopes of eventually being able to submit them as part of a legalization case. Such record‐keeping practices enable noncitizens to speak back to the state in its own language, thus exploiting opportunities to challenge illegalization. The discretion that has been deemed key to US sovereignty therefore makes not only immigrants but also the state vulnerable as it endows documents with transformative potential. [immigration, sovereignty, documents, vulnerability, intimacy, law, United States]
A politics of respect: Reconfiguring democracy in Afro‐Brazilian religious activism in Salvador, Brazil
Authors: HARTIKAINEN ELINA I. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAlternative politics of democracy shape and are shaped by dominant forms of democracy in circular fashion. In 2009 practitioners of Brazil's many Afro‐Brazilian religions gathered in Salvador to develop a religiously grounded mode of democratic politics. Mobilizing a religious formulation of respect, participants in the gathering subsumed government ideals of democratic practice under Afro‐Brazilian religious norms of hierarchy and the social order that they presupposed. These efforts were predicated on an artful combining and adapting of democratic and religious discourses and interactional practices. The Afro‐Brazilian religious politics of democracy that was articulated by this political project did not only reflect religious valorizations of hierarchy but it also established a new foundation for democratic politics in Brazil. [alternative democracy,active citizenship,deliberation,religious activism,respect,Afro‐Brazilian religions,Brazil]
Iron and Infection: The Clinical Evidence
Authors: OPPENHEIMER S.J. 
Published: February 2018

Oppenheimer, S. J. (Department of Paediatrics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia). Iron and infection: The clinical evidence.Iron deficiency is prevalent in childhood in the developed and developing countries. Programs of presumptive therapy, mass supplementation and food fortification have been introduced in many countries. The unresolved debate over the interaction of iron and infection in the clinical setting prompts re‐evaluation of these practices. Situations of iron overload are associated with increased susceptibility to certain infections, although the exact mechanisms may vary with the main pathology. Iron treatment has been associated with acute exacerbations of infection, in particular malaria. In most instances parenteral iron was used. In the neonate parenteral iron is associated with serious E. coli sepsis. In one country, with endemic malaria, parenteral iron was associated with increased rates of malaria and increased morbidity due to respiratory disease in infants. In contrast in non‐malarious countries studies of oral iron supplementation have if anything shown a reduction in infectious morbidity. Methodological problems in the latter reports indicate the need for further controlled prospective studies with accurate morbidity recording if informed recommendations are to be made.
Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Faldaprevir and Cyclosporine or Tacrolimus in Healthy Volunteers: A Prospective, Open‐Label, Fixed‐Sequence, Crossover Study
Authors: Huang Fenglei , Voelk Claudia , Trampisch Matthias , Rowland Lois , Schultz Armin , Sabo John P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFaldaprevir (FDV) is a potent, orally administered inhibitor of hepatitis C virus. In this single‐centre, open‐label, fixed‐sequence, crossover study of 32 healthy adult male and female volunteers, subjects received either a single dose of cyclosporine (CsA) 50 mg (N = 16) or tacrolimus (TAC) 0.5 mg (N = 16), followed by a washout of at least 14 days. Each subject then received a loading dose of FDV 240 mg followed by 120 mg FDV once daily for 6 days. FDV 120 mg was then co‐administered with an additional single dose of CsA (50 mg) or TAC (0.5 mg), followed by an additional 6 days of FDV 120 mg once daily. Intensive blood sampling was performed to assess the PK interaction potential. Assessment of relative BA indicated that exposure to CsA co‐administered with FDV was similar to CsA alone. However, the AUCτ,ssandCmax,ssof FDV were increased by 23% and 41%, respectively, when FDV was co‐administered with CsA. Exposure to TAC was slightly increased (AUC0‐∞increased by 27%, no change inCmax) when TAC was co‐administered with FDV. In contrast, exposure to FDV co‐administered with TAC was similar to FDV alone. No unexpected safety findings arose from the trial. The limitations of the study (use of single, low dose of TAC and CsA, and only healthy volunteers in the trial) are discussed.
“Stop talking about my disability, I am a mother”: Adapting video interaction guidance to increase sensitive parenting in a young mother with intellectual disability
Authors: Pethica Stefania , Bigham Katie 
Published: February 2018

Accessible Summary

Parents with intellectual disabilities often have their children placed under child protection.

People with intellectual disabilities can find it difficult to access universal parenting programmes and can find it difficult to get professional help for their problems.

Video Interaction Guidance is an approach designed to help parents care for their children.

This case study shows that Video Interaction Guidance really helped a young mother with intellectual disability.

AbstractBackgroundParenting can be challenging for people with intellectual disabilities. The nature of the parents' intellectual disability as well as past experiences of institutionalisation, insensitive care and inadequate support can interfere with parents' capacity to provide responsive and appropriate parenting to their own children. This can result in parents with intellectual disabilities being investigated under child protection procedures. There is little evidence for parenting interventions to improve attachment in parents with intellectual disability.MethodThis is a case report of “Sarah,” a young mother with mild intellectual disability, whose children were placed on the child protection register. A behavioural video‐feedback approach that focused on Sarah's strengths, Video Interaction Guidance, was adapted to Sarah's intellectual disability.ResultsSarah demonstrated a noticeable increase in the frequency of sensitive interactions with her children as well as increased engagement with support services and request for more instructional parenting input.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of using Video Interaction Guidance with parents with an intellectual disability and offers suggestions on adapting the intervention to suit individual parents' needs. Further systematic research is, however, necessary to prove the effectiveness of this approach.
Mental health care needs and preferences for mothers of children with a disability
Authors: Gilson K.‐M. , Davis E. , Johnson S. , Gains J. , Reddihough D. , Williams K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundMothers of children with a disability are at increased risk of poor mental health compared with mothers of typically developing children. The aim of the study was to describe the mental health care needs and preferences for support of mothers of children and young people aged 0–25 years with a disability.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was used, using an online survey with 294 mothers of children with a disability. Questions were asked about mental health, perceived need for support, barriers to accessing mental health care, and preferences for support. Descriptive and chi‐squared analyses were performed.ResultsHigh rates of mental ill health were self‐identified in the previous 12 months, with reported clinically significant depression (44%), anxiety (42%), and suicidality (22%). Nearly half (48%) of the mothers reported high to very high psychological distress. Although 75% of mothers perceived a need for professional support, only 58% attempted to access this. Key barriers to accessing support were caregiving duties making it difficult to schedule appointments (45%) and not perceiving the mental health problem as serious enough to require help (36%). Individual counselling was the preferred type of support (66%) followed by professionally guided relaxation (49%) and education about mental health (47%). Support was considered most critical at the time of diagnosis and during medical intervention for their child.ConclusionsAlthough mental health problems were common and mothers perceived the need for professional help, several key barriers were preventing mothers from accessing help. Our study suggests that improving mothers' knowledge of when and where to seek help (mental health literacy) may encourage their access to support. There also needs to be more accessible treatment to mothers given the high care demands that are placed upon them.
Important and specific role for basophils in acute allergic reactions
Authors: Korošec P. , Gibbs B. F. , Rijavec M. , Custovic A. , Turner P. J. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIgE‐mediated allergic reactions involve the activation of effector cells, predominantly through the high‐affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils. Although the mast cell is considered the major effector cell during acute allergic reactions, more recent studies indicate a potentially important and specific role for basophils and their migration which occurs rapidly upon allergen challenge in humans undergoing anaphylaxis. We review the evidence for a role of basophils in contributing to clinical symptoms of anaphylaxis and discuss the possibility that basophil trafficking during anaphylaxis might be a pathogenic (to target organs) or protective (preventing degranulation in circulation) response. Finally, we examine the potential role of basophils in asthma exacerbations. Understanding the factors that regulate basophil trafficking and activation might lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in anaphylaxis and asthma.
The assessment of online health videos for surgery in Crohn's disease
Authors: Marshall J. H. , Baker D. M. , Lee M. J. , Jones G. L. , Lobo A. J. , Brown S. R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimYouTube™ is an open‐access, nonpeer‐reviewed video‐hosting site and is used as a source of publicly available healthcare information. This study aimed to assess the thematic content of the most viewed videos relating to surgery and Crohn's disease and to explore the viewer interactions with these videos.MethodA search of YouTube™ was carried out using one search string. The 50 most viewed videos were identified and categorized by source and content themes and assessed for viewer interactions. Video comments were used to describe the usefulness of the video content to viewers.ResultsThe majority of videos were uploaded by patients (n = 21).The remainder were uploaded by individual healthcare professionals (n = 9), hospital/speciality associations (n = 18) and industry (n = 2). The median number of likes for patient videos was significantly higher than for hospital/speciality association videos (P < 0.001). Patient videos received more comments praising the video content (n = 27) and more comments asking for further information (n = 14). The median number of likes for ‘experience of surgery’ (P < 0.001) and ‘experience of disease’ (P = 0.0015) themed videos were significantly higher than for ‘disease management’ themed videos.ConclusionCrohn's disease patients use YouTube™ as a surgical information source. The content of patient‐sourced videos focused on surgical and disease experience, suggesting that these themes are important to patients. Current patient developed videos provide limited information, as reflected by viewers requesting further information. Storytelling patient‐centred videos combined with clinical evidence may be a good model for future videos.
GATA3 staining in primary cutaneous apocrine cribriform carcinoma: Usefulness to differentiate it from breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Llamas‐Velasco Mar , Pérez‐Gónzalez Yosmar C. , Daudén Esteban , Rütten Arno 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundPrimary cutaneous apocrine cribriform carcinoma (PCACC) is a rare tumor, clinically appearing as a solitary nodule, mostly involving extremities of females and this lesion usually raises a differential diagnosis with metastatic cribriform carcinomas, especially breast cancer.ObjectiveTo study GATA3 expression in a series of 14 primary cutaneous cribriform carcinomas and to test its usefulness to differentiate this tumor from metastatic breast cancer.MethodsWe retrieved 14 cases with PCACC (each from a different patient) from the files of the authors. Cases were dated from 1994 to 2014. We also evaluated 6 cases of cutaneous breast cancer metastasisResultsNo PCACCs expressed GATA3. Breast cancer metastases expressed GATA3 in 100% of our studied cases.ConclusionEven though GATA3 expression has been reported in many benign and malignant adnexal tumors (mostly of sebaceous, follicular, and apocrine differentiation), as well as in many other neoplasms, GATA3 staining to differentiate PCACC from skin breast cancer metastasis has a high negative predictive value. A positive GATA3 staining in this context should permit one to rule out PCACC with a high level of confidence.
Lipomatoses
Authors: Al Ghazal Philipp , Grönemeyer Lisa‐Lena , Schön Michael P. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryLipomatoses are benign proliferations of adipose tissue, often with typical distribution patterns, which usually occur without clear causes. In contrast to circumscribed lipomas, they develop diffusely and symmetrically and are not surrounded by a fibrous pseudocapsule.The most common form is benign symmetric lipomatosis (BSL; Launois‐Bensaude syndrome), of which four types are distinguished based on the distribution pattern of hyperplastic adipose tissue. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are still largely unknown, although some forms appear to have a hereditary basis or to be associated with increased alcohol consumption. In some cases, mitochondrial dysfunctions have been detected. Lipomatoses may be solitary, but may also be associated with other symptoms or illnesses (comorbidity). Effective drug therapies are not known, but surgical procedures can alleviate the symptoms.Lipomatosis dolorosa, which can be distinguished from BSL, occurs predominantly in middle‐aged women and is characterized by proliferation of adipose tissue and severe pain in the affected areas. Various differential diagnoses and concomitant illnesses need to be considered, in particular depression. There are no evidence‐based recommendations for therapy. Repetitive lidocaine infusions can achieve temporary improvement. Recurrence after surgical intervention is not uncommon, but long‐term success is also possible.