bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keywords and key words in AE
Authors: SASTRAMIDJAJA YATUN 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe keywords and titles of articles published in American Ethnologist from 2016 to 2019 show a striking intersection of anthropological scholarship and world‐event trends. Tables and word clouds generated from recurring words expose the centrality of critical events, which appears to support recent contentions about a “crisis‐chasing” mode in anthropology today. But it conceals the multivocality of authors’ engagement with current events, while the idiosyncratic words that fill most of the keyword lists and titles in AE disrupt any generalization about anthropology's primary concerns. Therefore, aggregated key words cannot be taken at face value as signposts of relevance in anthropological scholarship. Yet those isolated words are increasingly influential in an era of digitized publishing, which compels scholars to adapt keywords to algorithmic logics of recognition. [keywords, aggregation, algorithm, relevance, anthropology, American Ethnologist]
A different background of arrhythmia in siblings with a positive family history of sudden death at young age
Authors: Stępień‐Wojno Małgorzata , Franaszczyk Maria , Bodalski Robert , Śpiewak Mateusz , Baranowski Rafał S. , Grzybowski Jacek , Płoski Rafał , Bilińska Zofia T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present two symptomatic sisters who had a positive family history of sudden death. None of them had structural heart disease. In the 25‐year‐old proband, complex ventricular arrhythmia, cardiac conduction system disease, and skeletal muscle weakness were found. Genetic examination showed a pathogenic intronic variant in the desmin gene in the proband only. In the elder sister with palpitations, complex ventricular arrhythmia (>46 000 ectopic beats) was removed by radiofrequency ablation. This family case shows that complex ventricular arrhythmia may have different background within one family, genetic examinations should be performed in a person with broadest spectrum of symptoms.
Tweeting the meeting: an analysis of Twitter activity at the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Annual Scientific Congress from 2015 to 2018
Authors: Gricks Benjamin , Woo Henry H. , Lai Christine Su‐Li 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTwitter has been shown to expand the audience and impact of material discussed at medical conferences, however, this phenomenon has not been analysed at the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Annual Scientific Congress. The purpose of this study is to document the amount of Twitter activity at the Annual Scientific Congress, and to describe the way delegates use Twitter.MethodsThe number of tweets, retweets and contributors from the 2015 to 2018 congresses were determined using the Twitter advanced search function. Tweets were categorized broadly as academic, social or promotional. Union Metrics, an online software, was used to calculate estimates of impact including impressions and reach at the 2018 congress. Popular topics of discussion at all congresses were defined and counted.ResultsTwelve thousand five hundred and eight‐six tweets were created with the official hashtag at the time of the four congresses. Activity increased over time except in the number of original tweets between the 2016 and 2018 congresses. Sixty‐six percent of the tweets were directly related to congress content, and 23% were social in nature. At the 2018 congress, 16–34% of contributors were matched with a congress delegate.ConclusionThe tweets analysed were mainly informative. Twitter expanded the audience for material discussed at the Annual Scientific Congresses, and the amount of Twitter activity generally increased. It is in the interest of conference organizers to encourage and regulate Twitter use for maximum effectiveness because it is a powerful tool and use is likely to continue increasing in future.
The chronotherapeutic treatment of bipolar disorders: A systematic review and practice recommendations from the ISBD task force on chronotherapy and chronobiology
Authors: Gottlieb John F. , Benedetti Francesco , Geoffroy Pierre A. , Henriksen Tone E. G. , Lam Raymond W. , Murray Greg , Phelps James , Sit Dorothy , Swartz Holly A. , Crowe Marie , Etain Bruno , Frank Ellen , Goel Namni , Haarman Bartholomeus C. M. , Inder Maree , Kallestad Håvard , Jae Kim Seong , Martiny Klaus , Meesters Ybe , Porter Richard , Riemersma‐van der Lek Rixt F. , Ritter Philipp S. , Schulte Peter F. J. , Scott Jan , Wu Joseph C. , Yu Xin , Chen Shenghao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo systematically review the literature on the efficacy and tolerability of the major chronotherapeutic treatments of bipolar disorders (BD)—bright light therapy (LT), dark therapy (DT), treatments utilizing sleep deprivation (SD), melatonergic agonists (MA), interpersonal social rhythm therapy (IPSRT), and cognitive behavioral therapy adapted for BD (CBTI‐BP)—and propose treatment recommendations based on a synthesis of the evidence.MethodsPRISMA‐based systematic review of the literature.ResultsThe acute antidepressant (AD) efficacy of LT was supported by several open‐label studies, three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and one pseudorandomized controlled trial. SD showed rapid, acute AD response rates of 43.9%, 59.3%, and 59.4% in eight case series, 11 uncontrolled, studies, and one RCT, respectively. Adjunctive DT obtained significant, rapid anti‐manic results in one RCT and one controlled study. The seven studies on MA yielded very limited data on acute antidepressant activity, conflicting evidence of both antimanic and maintenance efficacy, and support from two case series of improved sleep in both acute and euthymic states. IPSRT monotherapy for bipolar II depression had acute response rates of 41%, 67%, and 67.4% in two open studies and one RCT, respectively; as adjunctive therapy for bipolar depression in one RCT, and efficacy in reducing relapse in two RCTs. Among euthymic BD subjects with insomnia, a single RCT found CBTI‐BP effective in delaying manic relapse and improving sleep. Chronotherapies were generally safe and well‐tolerated.ConclusionsThe outcome literature on the adjunctive use of chronotherapeutic treatments for BP is variable, with evidence bases that differ in size, study quality, level of evidence, and non‐standardized treatment protocols. Evidence‐informed practice recommendations are offered.
Myxoid glioneuronal tumor, PDGFRA p.K385‐mutant: clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features
Authors: Lucas Calixto‐Hope G. , Villanueva‐Meyer Javier E. , Whipple Nicholas , Oberheim Bush Nancy Ann , Cooney Tabitha , Chang Susan , McDermott Michael , Berger Mitchel , Cham Elaine , Sun Peter P. , Putnam Angelica , Zhou Hong , Bollo Robert , Cheshier Samuel , Poppe Matthew M. , Fung Kar‐Ming , Sung Sarah , Glenn Chad , Fan Xuemo , Bannykh Serguei , Hu Jethro , Danielpour Moise , Li Rong , Alva Elizabeth , Johnston James , Van Ziffle Jessica , Onodera Courtney , Devine Patrick , Grenert James P. , Lee Julieann C. , Pekmezci Melike , Tihan Tarik , Bollen Andrew W. , Perry Arie , Solomon David A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract“Myxoid glioneuronal tumor, PDGFRA p.K385‐mutant” is a recently described tumor entity of the central nervous system with a predilection for origin in the septum pellucidum and a defining dinucleotide mutation at codon 385 of the PDGFRA oncogene replacing lysine with either leucine or isoleucine (p.K385L/I). Clinical outcomes and optimal treatment for this new tumor entity have yet to be defined. Here, we report a comprehensive clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic assessment of eight cases. In addition to its stereotypic location in the septum pellucidum, we identify that this tumor can also occur in the corpus callosum and periventricular white matter of the lateral ventricle. Tumors centered in the septum pellucidum uniformly were associated with obstructive hydrocephalus, whereas tumors centered in the corpus callosum and periventricular white matter did not demonstrate hydrocephalus. While multiple patients were found to have ventricular dissemination or local recurrence/progression, all patients in this series remain alive at last clinical follow‐up despite only biopsy or subtotal resection without adjuvant therapy in most cases. Our study further supports “myxoid glioneuronal tumor, PDGFRA p.K385‐mutant” as a distinct CNS tumor entity and expands the spectrum of clinicopathologic and radiologic features of this neoplasm.
Primary adrenal insufficiency: New genetic causes and their long‐term consequences
Authors: Buonocore Federica , Achermann John C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrimary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a potentially life‐threatening condition that requires urgent diagnosis and treatment. Whilst the most common causes are congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in childhood and autoimmune adrenal insufficiency in adolescence and adulthood, more than 30 other physical and genetics cause of PAI have been reported. Reaching a specific diagnosis can have implications for management and for monitoring associated features, as well as for counselling families about recurrence risk in siblings and relatives. Here, we describe some recent insights into the genetics of adrenal insufficiency and associated molecular mechanisms. We discuss (a) the role of the nuclear receptors DAX‐1 (NR0B1) and steroidogenic factor‐1 (SF‐1, NR5A1) in human adrenal and reproductive dysfunction; (b) multisystem growth restriction syndromes due to gain‐of‐function in the growth repressors CDKN1C (IMAGE syndrome) and SAMD9 (MIRAGE syndrome), or loss of POLE1; (c) nonclassic forms of STAR and P450scc/CYP11A1 insufficiency that present with a delayed‐onset adrenal phenotype and represent a surprisingly prevalent cause of undiagnosed PAI; and (d) a new sphingolipidosis causing PAI due to defects in sphingosine‐1‐phosphate lyase‐1 (SGPL1). Reaching a specific diagnosis can have life‐long implications for management. In some situations, milder or nonclassic forms of these conditions can first present in adulthood and may have been labelled, “Addison's disease.”
Young children combine sensory cues with learned information in a statistically efficient manner: But task complexity matters
Authors: Bejjanki Vikranth R. , Randrup Emily R. , Aslin Richard N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman adults are adept at mitigating the influence of sensory uncertainty on task performance by integrating sensory cues with learned prior information, in a Bayes‐optimal fashion. Previous research has shown that young children and infants are sensitive to environmental regularities, and that the ability to learn and use such regularities is involved in the development of several cognitive abilities. However, it has also been reported that children younger than 8 do not combine simultaneously available sensory cues in a Bayes‐optimal fashion. Thus, it remains unclear whether, and by what age, children can combine sensory cues with learned regularities in an adult manner. Here, we examine the performance of 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children when tasked with localizing a ‘hidden’ target by combining uncertain sensory information with prior information learned over repeated exposure to the task. We demonstrate that 6‐ to 7‐year‐olds learn task‐relevant statistics at a rate on par with adults, and like adults, are capable of integrating learned regularities with sensory information in a statistically efficient manner. We also show that variables such as task complexity can influence young children's behavior to a greater extent than that of adults, leading their behavior to look sub‐optimal. Our findings have important implications for how we should interpret failures in young children's ability to carry out sophisticated computations. These ‘failures’ need not be attributed to deficits in the fundamental computational capacity available to children early in development, but rather to ancillary immaturities in general cognitive abilities that mask the operation of these computations in specific situations.
Efficacy and safety of everolimus treatment on liver transplant recipients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Guan Tong‐Wei , Lin Yi‐Jin , Ou Meng‐Ying , Chen Ke‐Bao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundEverolimus is an effective immunosuppressant in organ transplantation without impaired renal function. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of everolimus therapy in liver transplant recipients.Materials and methodsA systematic literature search was conducted to identify the eligible studies. The quality of the included studies was assessed. The outcomes of interest were biopsy‐proven acute rejection (BPAR), graft loss, death, renal function and adverse events.ResultsEight trials involving 1570 participants were included. Compared to the standard exposure to calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), the incidences of BPAR, graft loss and death were not increased in the everolimus combined with reduced CNIs group. The renal function was significantly improved after everolimus combined with reduced CNI therapy, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated to be elevated by 5.59 (95% CI: 2.17‐9.01, P = .001) as compared to the standard exposure to CNIs. The risk of any adverse event was increased by everolimus combined with reduced CNI therapy (RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.42, P = .01) as compared to the standard exposure to CNIs. The likelihood of infection was not associated with the regimen. Any publication bias was not identified.ConclusionsAlthough everolimus combined with reduced CNI therapy significantly improved the renal function in liver transplant recipients, it did not influence the incidence of BPAR, graft loss and death. This regimen might be associated with an increased risk of adverse events, which needs to be elucidated further.
Developmental plasticity associated with early structural integration and evolutionary patterns: Examples of developmental bias and developmental facilitation in the skeletal system
Authors: Kavanagh Kathryn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe relation of developmental plasticity to evolutionary diversification is a key component of evolutionary theory involving developmental bias, but the basis of the relationship varies among traits and among taxa. Here I review some scenarios of how structural integration during early organogenesis could influence this relationship. When condensations are highly integrated and dependent on each other during early organogenesis, both plasticity and evolution are restricted, for example size proportions in molar tooth rows and phalanges within a digit. When similar condensations develop and remain separate (in tracheal cartilages and feather buds), they show high levels of variation and diversity in number but not in shape and size, at least at early stages. When non‐similar structures form separately and then integrate while still undergoing patterning, high levels of plasticity (in number, size, shape; in rib uncinate processes) or new dimensions of ecologically‐significant variation (cusp offset, in mammal teeth) are seen. Although each of these structural integration scenarios is unique, the modulation of evolvability is detectable and informative. Parsing the influence of structural integration at these developmental levels, rather than later‐stage structural correlations or only through genetic covariation, may be necessary to advance understanding of evolvability of the phenotype.
Medical doctors’ knowledge of dental trauma management: A review
Authors: Yeng Thai , O’Sullivan Anthony J. , Shulruf Boaz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEducation in dental trauma is extremely important to promote knowledge on the assessment and management of a traumatized tooth. Medical doctors are normally only required to manage the emergency phase of traumatic dental injury (TDI) treatment before referring to a dentist, endodontist or oral and maxillofacial surgeon for continuing care. Medical doctors who possess sufficient theoretical knowledge and are competent enough clinically to handle TDI can provide a higher standard of treatment care and ultimately achieve a better patient outcome. The aim of this literature review was to assess the extent of medical doctors’ knowledge of dental trauma management for injuries in the following four areas: (a) tooth structure; (b) to the supporting bone; (c) to the periodontal tissues; and (d) to the soft tissues. Based on the findings from this literature review, an overall deficiency in knowledge and confidence in managing dental trauma has been identified. Knowledge and understanding to categorize TDI using the same classification of dental injuries commonly used amongst dentists would allow medical doctors to better manage and communicate with dental colleagues concerning referral for further care. If the medical education curriculum provided medical doctors with more information and skills for the management of dental trauma and an understanding of the importance of early management, then more favourable outcomes may prevail for dental trauma patients.
Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy in the elderly: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Lattanzi Simona , Trinka Eugen , Del Giovane Cinzia , Nardone Raffaele , Silvestrini Mauro , Brigo Francesco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the comparative efficacy and safety of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the elderly with new‐onset epilepsy.MethodsWe searched electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of monotherapy AEDs to treat epilepsy in elderly. The following outcomes were analyzed: seizure freedom and withdrawal from the study for any cause at 6 and 12 months; withdrawal from the study for any adverse event (AE) at 12 months; and occurrence of any AE at 12 months. Effect sizes were estimated by network meta‐analyses within a frequentist framework. The hierarchy of competing interventions was established using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) and mean ranks.ResultsFive RCTs (1425 patients) were included. Included AEDs were carbamazepine immediate‐ and controlled‐release (CBZ‐IR, CBZ‐CR), gabapentin (GBP), lacosamide (LCM), lamotrigine (LTG), levetiracetam (LEV), phenytoin (PHT), and valproic acid (VPA). At the pairwise and network meta‐analyses, there were no differences in any of the comparison according to 6‐ and 12‐month seizure freedom. The treatment with CBZ‐IR and CBZ‐CR was associated with a higher risk of withdrawal than LTG, LEV, or VPA, and CBZ‐IR had the overall highest probability of discontinuation across all AEDs. According to SUCRA, the following had the greatest likelihood ranking best for seizure freedom at 6 and 12 months: LCM, LTG, and LEV. CBZ‐CR and CBZ‐IR had the highest probabilities of being worst for the 12‐month retention. CBZ‐IR, CBZ‐CR, and GBP had the highest probabilities of withdrawal from the study for AEs, , and VPA had the highest probability of being the best‐tolerated option.SignificanceAlthough no significant difference in efficacy was found across treatments, LCM, LTG, and LEV had the highest probability of ranking best for achieving seizure freedom. CBZ‐IR and CBZ‐CR showed a poor tolerability profile, leading to higher withdrawal rates compared to LEV and VPA.
Why is hair curly?—Deductions from the structure and the biomechanics of the mature hair shaft
Authors: Wortmann Franz J. , Wortmann Gabriele , Sripho Therakanya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe final shape of a head hair is predetermined through a variety of factors during its formation in the follicle. These are genetic pathways, specific growth factors, cell differentiation and segregation, etc, with spatial as well as chronological dynamics. The cortex of hair consists of two major cell groups. These are characterized by parallel (para‐type) or roughly helical arrangements (ortho‐type) of the intermediate filaments (IF). There are also cell‐specific differences in the disulphide content, that is, of the cross‐link density of the IF‐associated matrix proteins. Given the current state of the academic discussion, we consider it as timely to support and broaden the view that, the structural differences of the cell types together with their lateral segregation are the main driving factor of curl formation. The mechanical effects, which derive thereof, are triggered in the transition zone of the follicle, that is, upon formation of the mature hair shaft. Furthermore, an irregular, “flat” cross section of the hair shaft is shown to be a synergistic but not determining factor of curl formation. The degree of cell type segregation along the mature hair shaft together with dynamic changes of the location of the plane of segregation, namely in a non‐circular cross section can account for very complex curl patterns. Against the background of these views, we argue that contributions to hair curl are implausible, if they relate to physical mechanisms which are active below the transition zone from the living to the mature (dead) hair.
Performance peer groups in CEO compensation contracts
Authors: Bakke Tor‐Erik , Mahmudi Hamed , Newton Ashley 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow do firms choose performance peer groups used in chief executive officer (CEO) relative performance evaluation contracts? We find that while firms, for the most part, choose performance peers to better identify their CEOs’ impact on firm performance, they also tend to select underperforming peers. Dynamically, we find that peers that are added and retained every year are weaker than ones that were not chosen. These findings suggest managers may have some influence on the choice of performance peers. Finally, using a quasi‐natural experiment, we find that enhanced disclosure did not affect the tendency of firms to select underperforming peers.
DETECTING AND ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF TIME‐VARYING PARAMETERS IN DSGE MODELS
Authors: Canova Fabio , Ferroni Filippo , Matthes Christian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study how structural parameter variations affect the decision rules and economic inference. We provide diagnostics to detect parameter variations and to ascertain whether they are exogenous or endogenous. A constant parameter model poorly approximates a time‐varying data generating process (DGP), except in a handful of relevant cases. Linear approximations do not produce time‐varying decision rules; higher‐order approximations can do this only if parameter disturbances are treated as decision rule coefficients. Structural responses are time invariant regardless of order of approximation. Adding endogenous variations to the parameter controlling leverage in Gertler and Karadi's model substantially improves the fit of the model.