bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of neonatal donors in pediatric liver transplantation: A single‐center experience
Authors: Gao Wei , Song Zhuolun , Ma Nan , Dong Chong , Sun Chao , Meng Xingchu , Zhang Wei , Wang Kai , Wu Bin , Li Shanni , Qin Hong , Han Chao , Li Haohao , Shen Zhongyang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of age‐ and size‐matched organs result in higher waiting list mortality in pediatric recipients than adults. Organs from deceased newborns and infants are a valuable source to increase donor pool in pediatric liver transplantation. However, the feasibility and safety of using neonatal donors have not been well evaluated.MethodsFrom 2014 to 2016, 48 deceased donor pediatric liver transplantations with donor age younger than 1 year old in our center were enrolled in this study. The recipients were divided into three groups based on the donor age (<1 month, 1 month ≤ to <3 months, and 3 months ≤ to <1 year). Recipient's characteristics, perioperative data, and postoperative complications were compared.ResultsTwo‐year patient survival rates were 87.5%, 94.4%, and 95.5%, and 2‐year graft survival rates were 75%, 94.4%, and 95.5%, respectively, without significant difference. The liver grafts from donors younger than 3 months were more advantageous in terms of acute rejection and virus infection, while the young grafts were related to slight higher incidence of hepatic artery thrombosis and SFSS. Those complications could be effectively prevented or treated by our perioperative care strategies. In addition, eight recipients who received neonatal livers achieved comparable outcomes with recipients with older livers.ConclusionOur data revealed that the application of liver grafts from donors younger than 1 year old could achieve excellent outcome. In particular, neonatal donors could be safely used in well‐selected patients.
Management and prevention of cytomegalovirus infection in paediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients: A binational survey
Authors: Al Yazidi Laila S. , Mitchell Richard , Palasanthiran Pamela , O’Brien Tracey A. , McMullan Brendan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCMV infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among HSCT recipients. Optimal strategies for prevention and management of CMV disease following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation remain uncertain. We conducted an online survey of Australasian paediatric allogeneic HSCT centres on management and prevention of CMV disease in this patient group. We asked for one response from a representative of the HSCT team and one from a representative of the ID team at each centre. All Australasian paediatric HSCT centres responded to our survey. Management of CMV in pre‐transplant setting was consistent between centres. All centres used a pre‐emptive strategy to prevent CMV disease, guided by quantitative CMV PCR. In the post‐transplant post engraftment setting, all centres recommended using ganciclovir (5mg/kg/dose twice daily) as a first‐line therapy for CMV reactivation or disease, with treatment duration of 14 days, provided declining CMV quantitative PCR. There was substantial variability of practice between centres in post‐transplant management of CMV reactivation, especially during the pre‐engraftment phase. Similarly, there was lack of uniformity in indication, dosing and duration of maintenance therapy. Divergence was noted between responses from HSCT and ID physicians within centres. This study identifies areas of uniformity and others of great variability in prevention and management strategies for CMV in paediatric HSCT. Data on CMV infection and management in HSCT patients should be routinely collected as part of prospective trials to inform guidelines and improve prevention and treatment of this important complication.
Pediatric liver transplantation for neonatal‐onset Niemann‐Pick disease type C: Japanese multicenter experience
Authors: Yamada Naoya , Inui Ayano , Sanada Yukihiro , Ihara Yoshiyuki , Urahashi Taizen , Fukuda Akinari , Sakamoto Seisuke , Kasahara Mureo , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Okamoto Shinya , Okajima Hideaki , Fujisawa Tomoo , Mizuta Koichi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNiemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease characterized by lysosomal accumulation of free cholesterol in macrophages within multiple organs. Infantile‐onset NPC often presents with jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly from birth, but these symptoms usually improve during early childhood, and it rarely progresses to liver failure. We report three cases from different hospitals in Japan; the patients developed neonatal‐onset NPC, and liver transplantation (LT) was performed as a life‐saving procedure. LT was performed at 19 days, 59 days, and 4 months of age, respectively. The last patient was diagnosed with NPC before LT, while the first two patients were diagnosed with neonatal hemochromatosis at LT. In these two patients, the diagnosis of NPC was made more than a year after LT. Even though oral administration of miglustat was started soon after the diagnosis of NPC, all patients showed neurological regression and required artificial respiratory support. All patients survived more than one year after LT; however, one patient died due to tracheal hemorrhage at 4.5 years of age, and another one patient was suspected as recurrence of NPC in liver graft. In conclusion, while LT may be a temporary life‐saving measure in patients with neonatal‐onset NPC leading to liver failure, the outcome is poor especially due to neurological symptoms. A preoperative diagnosis is thus critical.
Global transcriptome analysis provides new insights in Thellungiella salsuginea stress response
Authors: Zhang Y. , Shi S. H. , Li F. L. , Zhao C. Z. , Li A. Q. , Hou L. , Xia H. , Wang B. S. , Baltazar J. L. , Wang X. J. , Zhao S. Z. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Thellungiella salsuginea is highly tolerant to abiotic stress, while its a close relative Arabidopsis thaliana is sensitive to stress. This characteristic makes T. salsuginea an excellent model for uncovering the mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays essential roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.

To test the changes in gene expression of T. salsuginea under ABA treatment, in this study, the transcriptomes of T. salsuginea roots and leaves were compared in response to exogenously application of ABA.

The results showed that ABA treatment caused different expression of 2,200 and 3,305 genes in leaves and roots, respectively, compared with the untreated control. In particular, genes encoding transcription factors such as WRKY, MYB, NAC, GATA, ethylene‐responsive factors (ERFs), heat stress transcription factors, basic helix‐loop‐helix, PLATZ and B3 domain‐containing family members were enriched. In addition, 49 and 114 differentially expressed genes were identified as ABA‐regulated genes, separately in leaves and roots, respectively, which were related to biotic and abiotic stresses. The expression levels of some genes were validated by qRT‐PCR. Different responses of genes to ABA treatment were discovered in T. salsuginea and A. thaliana.

This transcriptome analysis expands our understanding of the role of ABA in stress tolerance in T. salsuginea. Our study provides a wealth of information for improving stress tolerance in crop plants.
Student‐Athletes Performing Community Service: Examination of Community Service Motivation and Athletic Department Involvement
Authors: Huml Matt R. , Hancock Meg G. , Bergman Mathew J. , Hums Mary A. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveFor this study, we seek to examine how student‐athletes’ community service is influenced by (a) their university's athletic department and (b) student‐athlete demographics. This was examined from the theoretical lens of student involvement theory (SIT).MethodsData were collected from active student‐athletes at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, II, and III institutions via an electronic survey, which collected information on community service frequency, motivations to volunteer, and athletic department involvement.ResultsStudent‐athletes were found to perform more community service during their upperclassmen years, if they had performed community service as punishment previously in college, and if they independently chose their community service activity instead of the athletic department.ConclusionsThese findings highlight both confirmation and rejection of SIT. First, results confirm SIT's belief that students will pursue more academically related activities if they choose the activity (i.e., choosing community service venue). Contrarily, findings related to punishment reject the tenets of SIT, highlighting that athletic departments forcing of student‐athletes to participate in an activity may be beneficial for their academic development.
How do hedgerows influence soil organic carbon stock in livestock‐grazed pasture?
Authors: Ford Hilary , Healey John R. , Webb Bid , Pagella Tim F. , Smith Andrew R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHedgerows have the potential to influence ecosystem function in livestock‐grazed pasture. Despite this, they are often ignored when quantifying farmland ecosystem service delivery. In this study, we assess the contribution of hedgerows to the ecosystem function of carbon (C) storage, with a particular emphasis on soil organic carbon (SOC). We measured SOC stock (kg C m−2), on an equivalent soil mass basis, at 0–0.15 m depth in pasture adjacent to 38 hedgerows (biotic) and 16 stone walls or fences (abiotic controls) across ten farms in the county of Conwy, Wales, UK. Pasture SOC stock (~7 kg C m−2) was similar adjacent to biotic and abiotic field boundaries, positively associated with soil moisture and negatively with soil bulk density (BD). For biotic boundaries, two further variables were significantly associated with SOC stock, distance from hedgerow (decrease in SOC stock) and slope orientation (upslope SOC stock greater than downslope). For pasture adjacent to hedgerows, a model combining the aforementioned variables (BD, soil moisture, distance from hedgerow, slope orientation) explained 78% of variation in SOC stock. This study demonstrates that whilst hedgerows do have subtle positive effects on SOC stock in adjacent pasture, SOC storage adjacent to field boundaries is influenced more by soil moisture content and BD than field boundary type.
Phylogenomic analysis suggests Coreidae and Alydidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are not monophyletic
Authors: Forthman Michael , Miller Christine W. , Kimball Rebecca T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing technologies (NGS) allow systematists to amass a wealth of genomic data from non‐model species for phylogenetic resolution at various temporal scales. However, phylogenetic inference for many lineages dominated by non‐model species has not yet benefited from NGS, which can complement Sanger sequencing studies. One such lineage, whose phylogenetic relationships remain uncertain, is the diverse, agriculturally important and charismatic Coreoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Given the lack of consensus on higher‐level relationships and the importance of a robust phylogeny for evolutionary hypothesis testing, we use a large data set comprised of hundreds of ultraconserved element (UCE) loci to infer the phylogeny of Coreoidea (excluding Stenocephalidae and Hyocephalidae), with emphasis on the families Coreidae and Alydidae. We generated three data sets by including alignments that contained loci sampled for at least 50%, 60%, or 70% of the total taxa, and inferred phylogeny using maximum likelihood and summary coalescent methods. Twenty‐six external morphological features used in relatively comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of coreoids were also re‐evaluated within our molecular phylogenetic framework. We recovered 439–970 loci per species (16%–36% of loci targeted) and combined this with previously generated UCE data for 12 taxa. All data sets, regardless of analytical approach, yielded topologically similar and strongly supported trees, with the exception of outgroup relationships and the position of Hydarinae. We recovered a monophyletic Coreoidea, with Rhopalidae highly supported as the sister group to Alydidae + Coreidae. Neither Alydidae nor Coreidae were monophyletic; the coreid subfamilies Hydarinae and Pseudophloeinae were recovered as more closely related to Alydidae than to other coreid subfamilies. Coreinae were paraphyletic with respect to Meropachyinae. Most morphological traits were homoplastic with several clades defined by few, if any, synapomorphies. Our results demonstrate the utility of phylogenomic approaches in generating robust hypotheses for taxa with long‐standing phylogenetic problems and highlight that novel insights may come from such approaches.
Surgical team: improving teamwork, a review
Authors: Kumar Hemant , Morad Raimand , Sonsati Manish 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTeams within surgery have been through countless cycles of refinement with an ever-increasing list of surgical team members. This results in a more dispersed team, making effective teamwork harder to achieve. Furthermore, the ad hoc nature of surgical teams means that team familiarity is not always given. The impact of this is seen across the field, with inadequacies leading to disastrous outcomes. This is a review of research that has been done into the topic of surgical teams. It will investigate barriers and consider the evidence available on how to improve the current system. Studies show an increased effectiveness of surgical teams with structures that allowed consistency in team members. The research advocates that advancements made in improving teamwork and efficiency can prove to be a low-cost but high-yield strategy for development. This can be in terms of simulated training, staff turnover management and fixed team allocation.
Rationale and design of Patient-centered Retrospective Observation of Guideline-Recommended Execution for Stroke Sufferers in China: China PROGRESS
Authors: Li Zixiao , Wang Chunjuan , Jiang Yong , Zhang Xinmiao , Xian Ying , Liu Liping , Zhao Xingquan , Gu Hongqiu , Meng Xia , Li Hao , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundIn 2009, China launched ambitious healthcare reform plans to provide affordable and equitable basic healthcare for all patients, including the substantial number of patients who had a stroke. However, little is known about the pattern of evidence-based stroke care and outcomes across hospitals, regions and time during the last decade.AimsThe Patient-centered Retrospective Observation of Guideline-Recommended Execution for Stroke Sufferers in China (China PROGRESS) Study aims to use findings from a representative sample of Chinese hospitals over the last decade to improve future stroke care for patients hospitalised with ischaemic stroke (IS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).DesignThe China PROGRESS Study will use a two-stage cluster sampling method to identify over 32000 patient records from 208 hospitals across the Eastern, Central and Western geographical regions in China. To assess the temporal trends in patient characteristics, treatment and outcomes, study investigators will select records from 2005, 2010 and 2015. A double data reading/entry system will be developed to conduct this assessment. A central coordinating centre will monitor case ascertainment, data abstraction and data management. Analyses will examine patient characteristics, testing patterns, in-hospital treatment and outcomes, and variations across regions and across time.ConclusionsThe China PROGRESS Study is the first nationally representative study that aims to better understand care quality and outcomes for patients with IS or TIA before and after the national healthcare reform in China. This initiative will translate findings into clinical practices that improve care quality for patients who had a stroke and policy recommendations that allow these changes to be implemented widely.Ethics approvalThis study has also been approved by the central institutional review board (IRB) at Beijing Tiantan Hospital.
Use of computed tomography in the diagnosis of caecal inversion in a dog and a cat
Authors: Phipps William Bertram , Mortier Jeremy Raphael , Booth Malcolm , Rossanese Matteo 
Published: May 2019

Case 1: A nine‐month‐old entire male beagle presented with a history of chronic diarrhoea, intermittent haematochezia and rectal prolapse. An exploratory laparotomy performed prior to presentation reported visualisation of a suspected caecocolic intussusception. Physical examination revealed a non‐painful, mid‐abdominal mass and laboratory findings were consistent with non‐specific gastrointestinal disease. Abdominal CT identified intraluminal inversion of the caecum into the ascending colon. Intraoperatively, the inversion was unreducible and a colotomy followed by stapled typhlectomy was performed.Case 2: An eight‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthair presented with a history of chronic haematochezia and intermittent partial rectal prolapse. Physical examination and laboratory findings were unremarkable. Abdominal CT revealed a caecal inversion. A midline coeliotomy followed by manual correction of the inversion and a stapled typhlectomy were performed.In both animals, CT allowed an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of caecal inversion, a rarely reported small animal large intestinal disease.
Discrimination towards People Partnered with Assistance Dogs in Canada: Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: Graham Taryn M. , Lucyk Kelsey , Diep Lucy , Rock Melanie J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study examines alleged discrimination towards people partnered with assistance dogs, as represented by Canadian newspapers. Doing so expands understanding of attitudes held toward assistance dogs and highlights everyday challenges faced by the people with whom they are partnered. Articles included for analysis were tabulated according to where instances of alleged discrimination happened, the type of assistance dog that was involved, and the reported reasons that were given as grounds for denying accommodation. Reported reasons were grouped further into five themes (health risks; ignorance; nuisance; cultural beliefs and/or religious convictions; and assault). Education programs, intersectoral collaboration, and policy changes are all recommended to tackle the challenges identified.
Distribution of Hippoidea (Decapoda, Anomura) larvae off Veracruz, southern Gulf of Mexico: inferences about their migration route
Authors: Sanvicente-Añorve Laura , Rubio Santiago Aréstegui-Paz , Lemus-Santana Elia , Allende-Arandía Eugenia , Zavala-Hidalgo Jorge 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The distribution and abundance of hippoid zoeal stages offshore Veracruz, southern Gulf of Mexico, and the migration routes of these larvae in the western Atlantic, were analysed. Samples were collected with a Bongo net and larval dispersal was analysed applying the HYCOM hydrodynamical model; particles (virtual larvae) originating from 35 sites were tracked for 77 days. Larvae of Albunea paretii Guérin-Méneville, 1853 were the most abundant, and dispersal simulations indicated that older larvae occurring off Veracruz might originate from Texas. However, a substantial proportion of self-recruitment (7.8%) can occur, mainly due to the seasonal changes in direction of currents over the shelf as well as the high variability in weather conditions. Results also suggest that several generations of A. paretii are needed for the species to reach Veracruz from South America. A hypothetical model regarding the migration routes of A. paretii larvae in the western Atlantic is proposed.
Key environmental factors for the conservation of large branchiopods in farmland vernal pools — a case from a Central European diversity hotspot
Authors: Gołdyn Bartłomiej , Kowalczewska-Madura Katarzyna , Barałkiewicz Danuta 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Large branchiopod crustaceans are among the most threatened freshwater invertebrates of the world. They are regarded as a flagship group in the conservation of temporary waters, and knowledge of their ecology and conservation has developed rapidly in recent years, especially in the Mediterranean region. Little is known, however, about population functioning in species associated with vernal pools in cooler temperate areas, despite recent data showing a significant decline in their localities. The present study was conducted in western Poland, on a cluster of vernal pools known to host a Central European diversity hotspot of large branchiopods. We collected data on water and sediment quality, as well as hydroperiod length, to determine their effect on the occurrence of four large branchiopod species present in the ponds during our samplings: Eubranchipus grubii (Anostraca), Lynceus brachyurus (Laevicaudata), Cyzicus tetracerus (Spinicaudata) and Lepidurus apus (Notostraca). According to the statistical analyses, the presence or absence of particular species was affected by hydroperiod length, heavy metal content in the sediments of the marginal zone of the pond, total water phosphorus content, and pH value. Since previous studies show that deep and relatively small kettle-hole ponds seem to be the most vulnerable to human-induced changes in water nutrient contents and acidification, large branchiopod populations of this type of pools should be the first target for monitoring and active forms of protection, with the aim of maintaining the good water quality. Shallow shore-bursting type ponds are subject to increased heavy metal contamination and require activities reducing the influx of these elements from their agricultural catchment. Possible forms of protection are suggested, and the use of large branchiopods as an umbrella group in temporary waters of temperate climate is also discussed.
Rulership and Sovereignty at Akchakhan-kala in Chorasmia
Authors: Kidd Fiona J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Starting from the fall of the Seleucid Empire, scholars have noted changes to the practice of kingship manifest in the emergence of what has been described as a ruler cult based on a blending of Iranian and Greek or Hellenistic practices. The mix of indigenous Iranian ideas of kingship and (“Zoroastrian”) religion with Greek and Hellenistic ideas is key to understanding the practice of Central Asian rulership after the arrival of Alexander the Great. Chorasmia has not traditionally been part of this conversation: here the issue of a post-Seleucid transformation of Iranian kingship is nuanced by the fact that Alexander never visited the region, and the remains of Hellenism are rather scant. Nevertheless, the most recent findings at the mid 1st century BC – mid 1st century AD Ceremonial Complex at Akchakhan-kala suggest new practices of rule also in this region. This paper examines these new ideas against the background of changing practices in kingship across eastern Iran, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
Antique Samarkand or Afrasiab II and III
Authors: Lyonnet Bertille 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the Antique period of the old Samarkand. Using the old data from the Soviet excavations and the new one coming from the French-Uzbek ones, it gives stratified data leading to a finer distinction of the pottery between periods IIA, IIB and III. Proposals for their absolute dating and interpretation are added.