bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Checking validity of monotone domain mean estimators
Authors: Oliva‐Aviles Cristian , Meyer Mary C. , Opsomer Jean D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEstimates of population characteristics such as domain means are often expected to follow monotonicity assumptions. Recently, a method to adaptively pool neighbouring domains was proposed, which ensures that the resulting domain mean estimates follow monotone constraints. The method leads to asymptotically valid estimation and inference, and can lead to substantial improvements in efficiency, in comparison with unconstrained domain estimators. However, assuming incorrect shape constraints may lead to biased estimators. Here, we develop the Cone Information Criterion for Survey Data as a diagnostic method to measure monotonicity departures on population domain means. We show that the criterion leads to a consistent methodology that makes an asymptotically correct decision choosing between unconstrained and constrained domain mean estimators. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 315–331; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Environmental and demographic drivers of male mating success vary across sequential reproductive episodes in a polygynous breeder
Authors: Manning Jeffrey A. , McLoughlin Philip D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEcological and social factors underpinning the inequality of male mating success in animal societies can be related to sex ratio, sexual conflict between breeders, effects of nonbreeders, resource dispersion, climatic conditions, and the various sequential stages of mating competition that constitute the sexual selection process. Here, we conducted an individual‐based study to investigate how local resource availability and demography interact with annual climate conditions to determine the degree of male mating inequality, and thus opportunity for sexual selection across two sequential reproductive episodes (harem and subsequent mate acquisition) in a naturally regulated (feral) horse population in Sable Island National Park Preserve, Canada. Using a 5‐year, spatially explicit, mark‐resight dataset and hierarchical mixed‐effects linear modeling, we evaluated the influence of adult sex ratio (ASR) on mating success and then tested for effects of freshwater availability, density, unpaired male abundance, and precipitation during each breeding season. Unpaired male abundance, freshwater availability, and ASR differed in their effects on male mating success according to year and selection episode. Opportunity for sexual selection in males associated with harem acquisition increased with ASR, and unpaired male abundance further explained weather‐related interannual variation after accounting for ASR. In contrast, once a harem was secured, ASR had little effect on male mating inequality in regard to acquiring additional females, while interannual variation in mating inequality increased with decreasing freshwater availability. Our findings show that local demography, resource availability, and weather effect opportunity for sexual selection in males differently depending on selection episode, and can attenuate or accentuate effects of ASR.
Lung tissue engineering: An update
Authors: Tebyanian Hamid , Karami Ali , Nourani Mohammad Reza , Motavallian Ebrahim , Barkhordari Aref , Yazdanian Mohsen , Seifalian Alexander 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPulmonary disease is a worldwide public health problem that reduces the life quality and increases the need for hospital admissions as well as the risk of premature death. A common problem is the significant shortage of lungs for transplantation as well as patients must also take immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of their lives to keep the immune system from attacking transplanted organs. Recently, a new strategy has been proposed in the cellular engineering of lung tissue as decellularization approaches. The main components for the lung tissue engineering are: (1) A suitable biological or synthetic three‐dimensional (3D) scaffold, (2) source of stem cells or cells, (3) growth factors required to drive cell differentiation and proliferation, and (4) bioreactor, a system that supports a 3D composite biologically active. Although a number of synthetic as well biological 3D scaffold suggested for lung tissue engineering, the current favorite scaffold is decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold. There are a large number of commercial and academic made bioreactors, the favor has been, the one easy to sterilize, physiologically stimuli and support active cell growth as well as clinically translational. The challenges would be to develop a functional lung will depend on the endothelialized microvascular network and alveolar–capillary surface area to exchange gas. A critical review of the each components of lung tissue engineering is presented, following an appraisal of the literature in the last 5 years. This is a multibillion dollar industry and consider unmet clinical need.
Will genotype drive treatment options?
Authors: Brüggemann Norbert , Klein Christine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIndividual genetic variation can have a major impact on the clinical manifestation of a movement disorder and its response to treatment. Advances in gene discovery and increasing availability of diagnostic genetic testing have led to the identification of a growing number of patients with well‐defined hereditary movement disorders. Establishing a genetic diagnosis may greatly impact patient counseling and shape therapeutic decisions. Further, assignment of a movement disorder to a specific genetic defect holds promise for the development of causal treatment approaches and individualized therapies, especially as the first gene‐targeted approaches have recently entered clinical trials. However, important gaps remain, that is, genetic testing results are often inconclusive, gene‐specific treatment options are still exceedingly rare, and designing clinical trials to demonstrate disease modification continues to pose a major challenge. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A new bi‐fidelity model reduction method for Bayesian inverse problems
Authors: Ou Na , Jiang Lijian , Lin Guang 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis work presents a new bi‐fidelity model reduction approach to the inverse problem under the framework of Bayesian inference. A low‐rank approximation is introduced to the solution of the corresponding forward problem and admits a variable‐separation form in terms of stochastic basis functions and physical basis functions. The calculation of stochastic basis functions is computationally predominant for the low‐rank expression. To significantly improve the efficiency of constructing the low‐rank approximation, we propose a bi‐fidelity model reduction based on a novel variable‐separation method, where a low‐fidelity model is used to compute the stochastic basis functions and a high‐fidelity model is used to compute the physical basis functions. The low‐fidelity model has lower accuracy but efficient to evaluate compared with the high‐fidelity model; it accelerates the derivative of recursive formulation for the stochastic basis functions. The high‐fidelity model is computed in parallel for a few samples scattered in the stochastic space when we construct the high‐fidelity physical basis functions. The required number of forward model simulations in constructing the basis functions is very limited. The bi‐fidelity model can be constructed efficiently while retaining good accuracy simultaneously. In the proposed approach, both the stochastic basis functions and physical basis functions are calculated using the model information. This implies that a few basis functions may accurately represent the model solution in high‐dimensional stochastic spaces. The bi‐fidelity model reduction is applied to Bayesian inverse problems to accelerate posterior exploration. A few numerical examples in time‐fractional derivative diffusion models are carried out to identify the smooth field and channel‐structured field in porous media in the framework of Bayesian inverse problems.
Cribra orbitalia: Dissecting an ill‐defined phenomenon
Authors: Cole Garrard , Waldron Tony 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCribra orbitalia has been the subject of much discussion since first described in the late 19th century. In particular, its relationship to porotic hyperostosis, anaemia, and malaria has been considered on many occasions. We have examined historical, embryological, developmental, anatomical, and pathological data to try to determine the significance of cribra. We conclude that three separate conditions have been included under this rubric: simple orbital porosity (cribra orbitalia sensu strictu), which is a normal developmental variant; deposits of periosteal new bone on the orbital roof; and an extensive inflammatory enlargement of the inner face of the orbital roof. These final two classes are pathological conditions that lead to a convex appearance of the orbital roof. In contradiction to authors treating cribra orbitalia as a precursor to porotic hyperostosis, we conclude that there is no evidence that the two are causally related. Consequently, cribra orbitalia sensu strictu should not be used as a surrogate for either anaemia or malaria.
Cholera‐schistosomiasis coinfection dynamics
Authors: Okosun K.O. , Khan M.A. , Bonyah E. , Okosun O.O. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe present work investigates the coinfection dynamics of the cholera and schistosomiasis diseases. The steady states of the model are examined. We obtain results for the model in detail and present the stability results whenever the basic reproduction number is less than unity (
). For each submodel, the existence of backward bifurcation is presented and for the coinfection model. Furthermore, we formulate an optimal control problem with an appropriate set of control variables. The optimal control problem and the associated results are derived and discussed. The optimal control problem and the suggested controls are utilized to obtain optimal control characterizations. Numerical results are presented by choosing various optimal control strategies for the early elimination of both infections from the population. It is suggested that appropriate uses and application to the population could significantly reduce the infection. Therefore, based on our findings, we suggest to the public health department that the only possible cost‐effective strategy for the elimination of schistosomiasis and cholera coinfection is the combination of both diseases' preventive measures and the treatment of schistosomiasis.
Infant mortality in mid‐19th century Amsterdam: Religion, social class, and space
Authors: Ekamper Peter , van Poppel Frans 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study uses a unique historical GIS dataset compiled from birth, death, and population register records for infants born in the city of Amsterdam in 1851 linked to micro‐level spatial data on housing, infrastructure, and health care. Cox's proportional hazards models and the concept of egocentric neighbourhoods were used to analyse the effects of various sociodemographic characteristics, residential environment, water supply, and health‐care variables on infant mortality and stillbirth. The analyses confirm the favourable position of the Jewish population with respect to infant mortality as found in other studies and show the unfavourable position of orthodox Protestant minorities. Infant mortality rate differences are much smaller between social classes than between religions. The exact role of housing and neighbourhood conditions vis‐a‐vis infant mortality is still unclear; however, we ascertained that effects of environmental conditions are more pronounced in later stages of infancy and less important in the early stages of infancy.
High‐order sliding‐mode observer–based input‐output linearization
Authors: Ferreira de Loza A. , Fridman L. , Aguilar L. T. , Iriarte R. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe problem of output control in multiple‐input–multiple‐output nonlinear systems is addressed. A high‐order sliding‐mode observer is used to estimate the states of the system and identify the discrepancy between the nominal model and the real plant. The exact and finite‐time estimation may be tackled as long as the system presents the algebraic strong observability property. Thus, a continuous robust input‐output linearization strategy can be obtained with respect to a prescribed output. As a consequence, the closed‐loop dynamics performs robustly to uncertainties/perturbations. To illustrate the advantages of the proposed method, we introduce a study case that demands a robust linear system behavior: the self‐oscillations induced in an underactuated mechanical system through a two‐relay controller. Experiments with an inertial wheel pendulum illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Molecular and morphological characterization of new interspecific hybrids of alstroemeria originated from A. caryophylleae scented lines
Authors: Aros D. , Suazo M. , Rivas C. , Zapata P. , Úbeda C. , Bridgen M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlstroemeriais a genus native to South America from which many varieties of ornamental plants have been developed and introduced into the market. Interspecific hybridization followed by embryo rescue has been one of the most common breeding techniques to obtain new varieties. This study was aimed at obtaining alstroemeria hybrids through interspecific crosses using novel scented parental lines and assessing these hybrids. A total of 3669 embryos were rescued, from which 18 flowering plants were morphologically evaluated. Flower stem length ranged from 25 (14E07) to 83 cm (14A11) and most of the flowers showed pink/white colors with stripes over the inner tepals. Only 3 hybrids were perceived as scented and one of them (14E08) was evaluated through GC-MS analysis, detecting 9 VOCs, all of them monoterpenes. Molecular analysis using RAPD markers clustered two main groups: (A) hybrids withA. pelegrinaas parental line and (B) hybrids coming from the crossing UC05 × C3 and its reciprocal. Moreover through this analysis was possible to subcluster hybrids coming from different seasons. A protocol for obtaining alstroemeria hybrids was successfully developed for this species using molecular and phenotypic evaluation to provide information about their pedigree and to spot those traits which are attractive for the ornamental plant market.
Proterozoic Magnesian Feldspathic Magmatism in the Nallamalai Fold Belt, Southern India – Petrogenesis of Vellaturu-Ipuru-Nakerikallu (VIN) Arc Magmatic Granites, Eastern Dharwar Craton
Authors: Sai V. V. Sesha 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Through extensive field studies substantiated by detailed petrographic, geochemical and mineral chemistry studies, a significant event of “Proterozoic magnesian feldspathic magmatism” is reported from the SE part of the Indian subcontinent. Three major granitoids i.e. Vellaturu, Ipuru and Nakerikallu (VIN) are emplaced along an NNE-SSW axis in the Proterozoic Nallamalai fold belt (NFB) in the Eastern Dharwar craton (EDC). The axis of emplacement of VIN granites represents a tectonic contact that is juxtaposed along the NE fringes of NFB and adjoining Precambrian accretionary terrain comprising of gneisses and amphibolites with intrusive granites in the northern part of the Nellore schist belt (NSB). Petrographically the VIN granitoids are biotite ± hornblende bearing with apatite and zircon as accessory phases. Exsolution texture is observed in the form of microcline microperthite intergrowth. In IUGS, QAP diagram the VIN granitoids essentially fall in granite - granodiorite field. Presence of mafic rich microgranitoid enclaves (MMEs) are prominently noticed in the VIN granitoids indicating magma mingling. These granitoids are deformed along their margins. Enclaves of quartzite of NFB and older amphibolites indicate the intrusive nature of VIN granitoids. Major oxide analyses indicate that the Mg# ranges from 43 to 56. Rare earth element studies reveal a general enrichment of LREE relative to HREE. Incompatible HFSE element studies indicate a significant Nb and Ti negative anomaly; characteristic of subduction zone magmatism. In Y + Nb vs Rb trace element tectonic discrimination diagram the granitic rocks of Nakerikallu, Ipuru and Vellaturu essentially fall in post-collisional granites (post-COLG) field. Based on the remarkable magnesian feldspathic character coupled with their emplacement in an arc magmatic tectonic setting, it is concluded that the VIN granitoids in the Proterozoic NFB, SE India; mark a significant event of “Proterozoic magnesian feldspathic magmatism” in the EDC.
Predictions of Gross Calorific Value of Indian Coals from their Moisture and Ash Content
Authors: Kumari Priya , Singh Ashok K. , Wood David A. , Hazra Bodhisatwa 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
India, the world’s third largest coal producing country, is expected to maintain strong dependency on coal for the coming few decades. The gross calorific value (GCV) of coal is a key yardstick for many end users purchasing coal from suppliers, as it provides a clear measure of the useful energy content of a coal. Several methods are available to predict GCV using either moisture content and/or ash yield or using entire proximate and ultimate coal analysis data. These correlations and machine learning prediction tools tend to be too complex and hence are of limited utility for the end-user. For Indian coals, the most widely used simple correlation, based only on moisture content and ash yield, proposed by Mazumdar (1954), is less applicable to the coals being mined today, which have higher ash yields. This and other existing correlations used to predict GCV of Indian coals from moisture content and ash yield is linear in nature. Here the application of non-unitary exponents to the ash yield and moisture content terms and introducing other non-linear terms to the equation to provide empirical correlations with improved prediction accuracy for local and national application is evaluated. This evaluation is achieved in Excel using its built-in optimizer “Solver” to evaluate a generic equation and optimize its coefficients when applied to a dataset of 756 coals from three Indian coal basins and to locally focused subsets of that dataset.
Association between prior somatic disease and 5-year relapse risk among 11,856 incident patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Köhler-Forsberg Ole , Sørensen Holger J. , Benros Michael E. , Petersen Liselotte , Gasse Christiane 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground:Somatic diseases have been associated with an increased risk for subsequent schizophrenia; however, it is unknown whether prior somatic diseases negatively affect early treatment outcomes after a first-time schizophrenia diagnosis.Methods:We included all individuals born in Denmark after January 1st, 1977 and first-time diagnosed with schizophrenia between January 1st, 1996 and December 31st, 2015. We identified all life-time somatic hospital contacts and all prescriptions within the year before the first-time schizophrenia diagnosis and followed patients for up to five years regarding risk for schizophrenia (re)-hospitalization (relapse). We performed Cox regression analyses calculating hazard rate ratios (HRR) including 95%-confidence intervals (CI) and adjusted for relevant confounders.Results:We followed a total of 11,856 patients with a first-time schizophrenia diagnosis (58.7% male, mean age 23.1 (SD = 4.7) years) for 39,033 person-years, whereof 5506 (46.4%) had relapse with schizophrenia re-hospitalization during 5-year of follow-up. Somatic hospital contacts ever before (95.4%; HRR = 1.30; 95%-CI = 1.07–1.59), and specifically during the year before schizophrenia diagnosis (42.5%; HRR = 1.36; 95%-CI = 1.11–1.66) were associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia relapse as were a greater number of prior somatic hospital contacts (p < 0.001). Individuals with up to four different prescriptions for somatic medications showed a trend towards a slightly lower risk of relapse.Conclusion:Somatic diseases and health seeking patterns might have an impact on the course of schizophrenia, where severe somatic comorbidity, specifically during the year before first-time schizophrenia diagnosis, seem to negatively affect early treatment course, whereas previous somatic medication use may indicate a better compliance and help-seeking behavior.
General and domain‐specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older women
Authors: Petkus Andrew J. , Resnick Susan M. , Rapp Stephen R. , Espeland Mark A. , Gatz Margaret , Widaman Keith F. , Wang Xinhui , Younan Diana , Casanova Ramon , Chui Helena , Barnard Ryan T. , Gaussoin Sarah , Goveas Joseph S. , Hayden Kathleen M. , Henderson Victor W. , Sachs Bonnie C. , Saldana Santiago , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Shumaker Sally A. , Chen Jiu‐Chiuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn a geographically diverse sample of women, we asked whether cognitive reserve (CR) is best viewed as a general or cognitive domain‐specific construct and whether some cognitive reserve domains but not others exert protective effects on risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.MethodsEstimates of general and domain‐specific CR were derived via variance decomposition in 972 cognitively intact women from the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging and Women's Health Memory Study Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Women were then followed up for 13 years.ResultsGeneral CR was the strongest predictor of reduced risk for both MCI and dementia, compared to domain‐specific CR measures. Verbal memory, figural memory, and spatial CR were independently protective of MCI, but only verbal memory was independently associated with reduced risk for dementia.DiscussionCognitive reserve is a heterogenous construct with valid quantitative measures identifiable across different neuropsychological processes associated with MCI and dementia.
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria on personal devices in hospital intensive care units: Molecular approaches to quantifying and describing changes in the bacterial community of personal mobile devices
Authors: Volkoff Savannah J. , McCumber Alexander W. , Anderson Deverick J. , Gunsch Claudia K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBacterial community composition and presence of antibiotic resistance genes (mecA,tetK, andvanA) on personal mobile devices (PMDs) of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs) were evaluated. Antibiotic resistance genes on PMDs decreased at the end of the shift, and a several microbial genera changed.