bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of sexual orientation and gender identity data among NCI Community Oncology Research Program practice groups
Authors: Cathcart‐Rake Elizabeth J. , Zemla Tyler , Jatoi Aminah , Weaver Kathryn E. , Neuman Heather , Kazak Anne E. , Carlos Ruth , Gansauer Lucy , Unger Joseph M. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Kamen Charles 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundSexual and gender minority individuals face numerous cancer‐related inequities, many of which appear to be underreported. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no one has assessed rates of acquisition of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data within community oncology settings.MethodsCommunity oncology practices that were part of the NCI Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) network were asked whether they routinely collected SOGI information and coded this information in their electronic medical records. The proportion of practice groups reporting routine collection of sexual and/or gender minority information was calculated. Potential associations between the collection of SOGI information and practice group–level and state‐level characteristics (from Gallup poll data) were also provided.ResultsTwenty‐four percent of the responding NCORP practice groups reported routine collection of sexual orientation information, and 10% reported collection of gender identity information. Practices located in western regions of the United States, practices in states with higher proportions of sexual and gender minority–identifying individuals, and practices with lower proportions of non‐Hispanic patients were more likely to ask patients about sexual orientation and/or gender identity.ConclusionsUS oncology practices that participate in research do not frequently collect SOGI information from patients with cancer. Educational initiatives should inform oncology staff and providers about the importance of collecting gender identity and sexual orientation information to improve existent disparities faced by sexual and gender minority patients.
Unraveling the functional organization of lobula complex in the mantis brain by identification of visual interneurons
Authors: Yamawaki Yoshifumi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe praying mantis shows broad repertories of visually guided behaviors such as prey recognition and defense against collision. It is likely that neurons in the lobula complex (LOX), the third visual neuropil in the optic lobe, play significant roles in these behaviors. The LOX in the mantis brain consists of five neuropils: outer lobes 1 and 2 (OLO1 and OLO2); anterior lobe (ALO); dorsal lobe (DLO); and stalk lobe (SLO), and ALO comprise ventral and dorsal subunits, ALO‐V and ALO‐D. To understand the functional organization of LOX, intracellular electrodes were used for recording from and staining neurons in these neuropils of the mantis (Tenodera aridifolia). The neurons belonged to three categories based on their response properties and morphologies. First, tangential ALO‐V neurons projecting to ventromedial neuropils (VMNP) (TAproM1 and 2), tangential DLO (or ALO‐D) neurons projecting to VMNP (TDproM1 and 2), and tangential ALO‐V centrifugal neurons (TAcen) all showed directional sensitivity and sustained excitation to gratings drifting in preferred direction (outward–downward, inward–upward, outward–upward, inward–downward, and inward, respectively). Second, tangential OLO neurons projecting to VMNP or ventrolateral neuropils (VLNP) (TOproM or TOproL), columnar OLO commissural neurons (COcom), and SLO commissural neurons (Scom) all showed strong excitation to 2°–8° moving squares but little excitations to drifting gratings. COcom and SLO neurons ramified in both left and right LOX. Last, the class of tangential ALO‐V neurons projecting to VLNP (TAproL1, 2, and 3) responded best to looming circles and showed little excitation to receding, darkening, and lightening circles.
UV bullseye contrast of Hemerocallis flowers attracts hawkmoths but not swallowtail butterflies
Authors: Hirota Shun K. , Miki Nozomu , Yasumoto Akiko A. , Yahara Tetsukazu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe color and patterns of animal‐pollinated flowers are known to have effects on pollinator attraction. In this study, the relative importance of flower color and color contrast patterns on pollinator attraction was examined in two pollinator groups, swallowtail butterflies and hawkmoths using two Hemerocallis species; butterfly‐pollinated H. fulva and hawkmoth‐pollinated H. citrina, having reddish and yellowish flowers in human vision, respectively. Flowers of both species have UV bullseye patterns, composed of UV‐absorbing centers and UV‐reflecting peripheries, known to function as a typical nectar guide, but UV reflectance was significantly more intense in the peripheries of H. citrina flowers than in those of H. fulva flowers. Comparison based on the visual systems of butterflies and hawkmoths showed that the color contrast of the bullseye pattern in H. citrina was more intense than that in H. fulva. To evaluate the relative importance of flower color and the color contrast of bullseye pattern on pollinator attraction, we performed a series of observations using experimental arrays consisting of Hemerocallis species and their hybrids. As a result, swallowtail butterflies and crepuscular/nocturnal hawkmoths showed contrasting preferences for flower color and patterns: butterflies preferred H. fulva‐like colored flower whereas the preference of hawkmoths was affected by the color contrast of the bullseye pattern rather than flower color. Both crepuscular and nocturnal hawkmoths consistently preferred flowers with stronger contrast of the UV bullseye pattern, whereas the preference of hawkmoths for flower color was incoherent. Our finding suggests that hawkmoths can use UV‐absorbing/reflecting bullseye patterns for foraging under light‐limited environments and that the intensified bullseye contrast of H. citrina evolved as an adaptation to hawkmoths. Our results also showed the difference of visual systems between pollinators, which may have promoted floral divergence.
Freshwater species distributions along thermal gradients
Authors: Kärcher Oskar , Hering Daniel , Frank Karin , Markovic Danijela 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe distribution of a species along a thermal gradient is commonly approximated by a unimodal response curve, with a characteristic single optimum near the temperature where a species is most likely to be found, and a decreasing probability of occurrence away from the optimum. We aimed at identifying thermal response curves (TRCs) of European freshwater species and evaluating the potential impact of climate warming across species, taxonomic groups, and latitude. We first applied generalized additive models using catchment‐scale global data on distribution ranges of 577 freshwater species native to Europe and four different temperature variables (the current annual mean air/water temperature and the maximum air/water temperature of the warmest month) to describe species TRCs. We then classified TRCs into one of eight curve types and identified spatial patterns in thermal responses. Finally, we integrated empirical TRCs and the projected geographic distribution of climate warming to evaluate the effect of rising temperatures on species’ distributions. For the different temperature variables, 390–463 of 577 species (67.6%–80.2%) were characterized by a unimodal TRC. The number of species with a unimodal TRC decreased from central toward northern and southern Europe. Warming tolerance (WT = maximum temperature of occurrence—preferred temperature) was higher at higher latitudes. Preferred temperature of many species is already exceeded. Rising temperatures will affect most Mediterranean species. We demonstrated that freshwater species’ occurrence probabilities are most frequently unimodal. The impact of the global climate warming on species distributions is species and latitude dependent. Among the studied taxonomic groups, rising temperatures will be most detrimental to fish. Our findings support the efforts of catchment‐based freshwater management and conservation in the face of global warming.
Multi‐organ dysfunction/injury on admission identifies acute heart failure patients at high risk of poor outcome
Authors: Zymliński Robert , Sokolski Mateusz , Biegus Jan , Siwołowski Paweł , Nawrocka‐Millward Sylwia , Sokolska Justyna M. , Dudkowiak Marta , Marciniak Dominik , Todd John , Jankowska Ewa A. , Banasiak Waldemar , Ponikowski Piotr 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundClinical consequences of an interplay between dysfunction/injury of different end‐organs in acute heart failure (AHF) remain unknown.Methods and resultsIn 284 consecutive AHF patients, end‐organ dysfunction/injury was defined as cardiac [troponin I level above the upper reference limit (URL, > 0.056 ng/mL)], kidney (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and liver [at least one of the following: aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) > 3 times the URL (> 114 IU/L and > 105 IU/L for AST and ALT, respectively), bilirubin above the URL (> 1.3 mg/mL), albumin below the lower reference limit (< 3.5 mg/dL)]. The primary endpoints were early (within first 48 h) in‐hospital worsening of heart failure and 1‐year all‐cause mortality. On admission, cardiac, kidney, liver dysfunction/injury were present in 38%, 50%, and 54% of patients, respectively. Patients were classified as having 0, 1, 2, or 3 organ injury/dysfunction (17%, 36%, 35%, and 12% of patients, respectively). Baseline clinical characteristics and co‐morbidity profile were similar across groups. Patients with three organ dysfunction/injury had the worst 1‐year survival rate [46%; hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) vs. patients without organ dysfunction: 6.75 (2.52–18.13), those with two (67%; HR 3.54, 95% CI 1.38–9.08), one (84%; HR 1.58, 95% CI 0.58–4.30), or no organ dysfunction/injury (90%); P < 0.01]. Worsening of heart failure was more frequent in patients with three and two vs. those with one or no organ dysfunction/injury (37% vs. 38% vs. 23% vs. 21%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn patients with AHF, dysfunction/injury of > 1 end‐organ dysfunction/injury identifies patients at the highest risk of poor outcomes.
Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, betel quid chewing, and the risk of head and neck cancer in an East Asian population
Authors: Lee Yuan‐Chin Amy , Li Shuang , Chen Yuji , Li Qian , Chen Chien‐Jen , Hsu Wan‐Lun , Lou Pei‐Jen , Zhu Cairong , Pan Jian , Shen Hongbing , Ma Hongxia , Cai Lin , He Baochang , Wang Yu , Zhou Xiaoyan , Ji Qinghai , Zhou Baosen , Wu Wei , Ma Jie , Boffetta Paolo , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Dai Min , Hashibe Mia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe smoking prevalence among men in China is high, but the head and neck cancer incidence rates are low. This study's purpose was to investigate the impact of tobacco, betel quid, and alcohol on head and neck cancer risk in East Asia.MethodsA multicenter case‐control study (921 patients with head and neck cancer and 806 controls) in East Asia was conducted. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using logistic regression.ResultsHead and neck cancer risks were elevated for tobacco (OR = 1.58), betel quid (OR = 8.23), and alcohol (OR = 2.29). The total attributable risk of tobacco and/or alcohol was 47.2%. Tobacco/alcohol appeared to account for a small proportion of head and neck cancer among women (attributable risk of 2.2%). Betel quid chewing alone accounted for 28.7% of head and neck cancer.ConclusionsBetel quid chewing is the strongest risk factor for oral cavity cancer in this Chinese population. Alcohol may play a larger role for head and neck cancer in this population than in European or U.S. populations.
Racial disparities and human papillomavirus status in oropharyngeal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lenze Nicholas R. , Farquhar Douglas R. , Mazul Angela L. , Masood Maheer M. , Zevallos Jose P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study used a meta‐analysis to quantify the degree to which the racial disparity in overall survival for black versus white Americans with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) persists after adjusting for human papillomavirus (HPV) status.MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHLA were searched through November 2017. The PRISMA statement was followed. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) was calculated using a random‐effects model.ResultsFive studies met the inclusion criteria and had suitable data for pooling into the meta‐analysis (N = 1153). The pooled HR for overall survival in black versus white Americans with OPSCC after adjusting for HPV status was calculated to be 1.45 (95% confidence interval, 0.87‐2.40).ConclusionsThe difference in survival for black versus white Americans with OPSCC is not significant after adjusting for HPV status but still trends in the direction of a disparity. Additional studies are needed to better characterize this disparity.
American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Section clinical consensus statement: North American quality statements and evidence‐based multidisciplinary workflow algorithms for the evaluation and management of thyroid nodules
Authors: Meltzer Charles J. , Irish Jonathan , Angelos Peter , Busaidy Naifa L. , Davies Louise , Dwojak Sunshine , Ferris Robert L. , Haugen Bryan R. , Harrell Richard M. , Haymart Megan R. , McIver Bryan , Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Monteiro Eric , Morris John C. , Morris Luc G. T. , Odell Michael , Scharpf Joseph , Shaha Ashok , Shin Jennifer J. , Shonka David C. , Thompson Geoffrey B. , Tuttle R. Michael , Urken Mark L. , Wiseman Sam M. , Wong Richard J. , Randolph Gregory 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundCare for patients with thyroid nodules is complex and multidisciplinary, and research demonstrates variation in care. The objective was to develop clinical guidelines and quality metrics to reduce unwarranted variation and improve quality.MethodsMultidisciplinary expert consensus and modified Delphi approach. Source documents were workflow algorithms from Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Cancer Care of Ontario based on the 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer.ResultsA consensus‐based, unified preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative workflow was developed for North American use. Twenty‐one panelists achieved consensus on 16 statements about workflow‐embedded process and outcomes metrics addressing safety, access, appropriateness, efficiency, effectiveness, and patient centeredness of care.ConclusionA panel of Canadian and United States experts achieved consensus on workflows and quality metric statements to help reduce unwarranted variation in care, improving overall quality of care for patients diagnosed with thyroid nodules.
The effects of age group, interface type, and key area of mobile phones on game playing performance, usability, and visual fatigue: A case study of a rhythm game
Authors: Lin Po‐Hung , Chen Hung‐Jen , Yeh Po‐Ting 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of age group, interface type, and key area on accuracy, usability, the change of critical fusion frequency, and subjective visual fatigue in Taiko no Tatsujin game playing. Four groups divided by age (young adult, adult, middle‐aged adult, and senior citizen), two types of interface (solid and touch), and two types of key areas (approximately 1.1 and 0.6 cm2) were investigated in the experiment. The results showed significant differences for age group on accuracy, especially for young adults and senior citizens. The solid interface demonstrated better accuracy and usability and less subjective visual fatigue than the touch interface. The approximately 1.1 cm2 key indicated better performance than the 0.6 cm2 key in all indexes. It is inferred that the solid interface with the 1.1 cm2 key had better performance. Therefore, mobile phones with a larger key area are more suitable for game playing.
A low‐dimensional model of bedrock weathering and lateral flow coevolution in hillslopes: 1. Hydraulic theory of reactive transport
Authors: Harman Ciaran J. , Kim Minseok 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis is the first of a two‐part paper exploring the coevolution of bedrock weathering and lateral flow in hillslopes using a simple low‐dimensional model based on hydraulic groundwater theory (also known as Dupuit or Boussinesq theory). Here, we examine the effect of lateral flow on the downward fluxes of water and solutes through perched groundwater at steady state. We derive analytical expressions describing the decline in the downward flux rate with depth. Using these, we obtain analytical expressions for water age in a number of cases. The results show that when the permeability field is homogeneous, the spatial structure of water age depends qualitatively on a single dimensionless number, Hi. This number captures the relative contributions to the lateral hydraulic potential gradient of the relief of the lower‐most impermeable boundary (which may be below the weathering front within permeable or incipiently weathered bedrock) and the water table. A “scaled lateral symmetry” exists when Hi is low: age varies primarily in the vertical dimension, and variations in the horizontal dimension x almost disappear when the vertical dimension z is expressed as a fraction z/H(x) of the laterally flowing system thickness H(x). Taking advantage of this symmetry, we show how the lateral dimension of the advection–diffusion‐reaction equation can be collapsed, yielding a 1‐D vertical equation in which the advective flux downward declines with depth. The equation holds even when the permeability field is not homogeneous, as long as the variations in permeability have the same scaled lateral symmetry structure. This new 1‐D approximation is used in the accompanying paper to extend chemical weathering models derived for 1‐D columns to hillslope domains.
The relationship between terminal duct lobular unit features and mammographic density among Chinese breast cancer patients
Authors: Sung Hyuna , Guo Changyuan , Li Erni , Li Jing , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Guida Jennifer L. , Cora Renata , Hu Nan , Deng Joseph , Figueroa Jonine D. , Sherman Mark E. , Gierach Gretchen L. , Lu Ning , Yang Xiaohong R. 
Published: December 2018

Extensive mammographic density (MD), a well‐established breast cancer risk factor, is a radiological representation of stromal and epithelial breast tissue content. In studies conducted predominantly among Caucasian women, histologic measures of reduced terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) involution have been correlated with extensive MD, but independently associated with breast cancer risk. We therefore examined associations between TDLU measures and MD among Chinese women, a low‐risk population but with high prevalence of dense breasts. Diagnostic pre‐treatment digital mammograms were obtained from 144 breast cancer cases at a tertiary hospital in Beijing and scored using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) density classification. TDLU features were assessed using three standardized measures (count/100 mm2, span [μm], and acini count/TDLU) in benign tissues.Associations between each of TDLU measures and MD were examined using generalized linear models for TDLU count and span and polytomous logistic regression for acini count with adjustment for potential confounders stratified by age. Among women ≥50 years, 63% had dense breasts; cases with dense breasts (BI‐RADS, c‐d) had greater TDLU count (21.1 [SE = 2.70] vs. 9.0 [SE = 1.83]; p = 0.0004), longer span (480.6 μm [SE = 24.6] vs. 393.8 μm [SE = 31.8]; p = 0.03), and greater acini count (ORtrend = 16.1; 95%CI = 4.08–63.1; ptrend < 0.0001) compared to those with non‐dense breasts (BI‐RADS, a‐b). Among women <50 years, 91% had dense breasts, precluding our ability to detect associations. Our findings are consistent with previously reported associations between extensive MD and reduced TDLU involution, supporting the hypothesis that breast cancer risk associated with extensive MD may be related to the amount of “at‐risk” epithelium.
Bladder cancer metastasis producing beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor, and parathyroid hormone‐related protein
Authors: Hoshi Senji , Numahata Kenji , Morozumi Kento , Katumata Yuuki , Kuromoto Akito , Takai Yuuki , Hoshi Kiyotugu , Bilim Vladimir , Sasagawa Isoji 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionIn urothelial cancer, several paraneoplastic syndromes can be triggered by the aberrant expression of hormones, growth factors or lymphokines by tumor cells.Case presentationA 71‐year‐old female patient underwent radical cystectomy for muscle‐invasive urothelial cancer. Shortly after the operation, the patient presented with a leukemoid reaction and hypercalcemia. Computed tomography scans revealed a rapidly progressing tumor on the left pelvic side, and serum levels of granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor, parathyroid hormone‐related protein, and beta human chorionic gonadotropin were elevated. The patient also tested positive for serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen. Hypercalcemia was successfully treated with denosumab. However, the patient's leukocyte counts steadily increased, her condition deteriorated and she passed away.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of urothelial cancer that tested positive for four tumor markers. The findings support the idea that poorly differentiated bladder carcinomas can ectopically secrete multiple proteins causing pleiotropic paraneoplastic syndromes.
Prenatal exposure to PCBs in Cyp1a2 knock‐out mice interferes with F1 fertility, impairs long‐term potentiation, reduces acoustic startle and impairs conditioned freezing contextual memory with minimal transgenerational effects
Authors: Hufgard Jillian R. , Sprowles Jenna L.N. , Pitzer Emily M. , Koch Sheryl E. , Jiang Min , Wang Qin , Zhang Xiang , Biesiada Jacek , Rubinstein Jack , Puga Alvaro , Williams Michael T. , Vorhees Charles V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic environmental pollutants. Humans are exposed to PCB mixtures via contaminated food or water. PCB exposure causes adverse effects in adults and after exposure in utero. PCB toxicity depends on the congener mixture and CYP1A2 gene activity. For coplanar PCBs, toxicity depends on ligand affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Previously, we found that perinatal exposure of mice to a three‐coplanar/five‐noncoplanar PCB mixture induced deficits in novel object recognition and trial failures in the Morris water maze in Cyp1a2−/−::Ahrb1 C57BL6/J mice compared with wild‐type mice (Ahrb1 = high AHR affinity). Here we exposed gravid Cyp1a2−/−::Ahrb1 mice to a PCB mixture on embryonic day 10.5 by gavage and examined the F1 and F3 offspring (not F2). PCB‐exposed F1 mice exhibited increased open‐field central time, reduced acoustic startle, greater conditioned contextual freezing and reduced CA1 hippocampal long‐term potentiation with no change in spatial learning or memory. F1 mice also had inhibited growth, decreased heart rate and cardiac output, and impaired fertility. F3 mice showed few effects. Gene expression changes were primarily in F1 PCB males compared with wild‐type males. There were minimal RNA and DNA methylation changes in the hippocampus from F1 to F3 with no clear relevance to the functional effects. F0 PCB exposure during a period of rapid DNA de‐/remethylation in a susceptible genotype produced clear F1 effects with little evidence of transgenerational effects in the F3 generation. While PCBs show clear developmental neurotoxicity, their effects do not persist across generations for effects assessed herein.