bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial biosensors for diagnostics, surveillance and epidemiology: Today's achievements and tomorrow's prospects
Authors: Capin Julien , Chabert Emile , Zuñiga Ana , Bonnet Jerome 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicrobial biosensors hold great promise for engineering high‐performance, field‐deployable and affordable detection devices for medical and environmental applications. This review explores recent advances in the field, highlighting new sensing strategies and modalities for whole‐cell biosensors as well as the remarkable expansion of microbial cell‐free systems. We also discuss improvements in robustness that have enhanced the ability of biosensors to withstand the challenging conditions found in biological samples. However, limitations remain in expanding the detection repertoire, particularly for proteins. We anticipate that the AI‐powered revolution in protein design will streamline the engineering of custom‐made sensing modules and unlock the full potential of microbial biosensors.
Design, potential and limitations of conjugation‐based antibacterial strategies
Authors: Derollez Elisabeth , Lesterlin Christian , Bigot Sarah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOver the past few decades, the global spread of antimicrobial resistance has underscored the urgent need to develop innovative non‐antibiotic antibacterial strategies and to reduce antibiotic use worldwide. In response to this challenge, several methods have been developed that rely on gene transfer by conjugation to deliver toxic compounds or CRISPR systems specifically designed to kill or resensitize target bacterial strains to antibiotics. This review explores the design, potential, and limitations of these conjugation‐based antibacterial strategies, focusing on the recent advances in the delivery of CRISPR systems as antibacterial effectors.
Aggregate tone and gross domestic product
Authors: Demers Elizabeth , Gaertner Fabio B. , Kausar Asad , Li Heather , Steele Logan B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe examine whether the change in earnings announcement textual tone, aggregated across individual publicly traded firms, helps predict gross domestic product (GDP) growth. The literature finds that changes in aggregate accounting earnings do help predict GDP growth, but only when aggregate earnings changes are negative. Because conservative accounting rules limit managers' ability to communicate positive news promptly, we examine the tone of quarterly corporate earnings announcements as a possible source of timely positive information provided by firms. We find that the change in aggregate tone in the earnings announcements from the same quarter in the previous year predicts one‐quarter‐ahead GDP growth, but only when the change is positive. Our study contributes to the literature by investigating the relation between aggregate corporate disclosure tone and macroeconomic outcomes.
Age‐related loss of intestinal barrier integrity plays an integral role in thymic involution and T cell ageing
Authors: Conway Jessica , De Jong Erica N. , White Andrea J. , Dugan Ben , Rees Nia Paddison , Parnell Sonia M. , Lamberte Lisa E. , Sharma‐Oates Archana , Sullivan Jack , Mauro Claudio , van Schaik Willem , Anderson Graham , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Duggal Niharika A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe intestinal epithelium serves as a physical and functional barrier against harmful substances, preventing their entry into the circulation and subsequent induction of a systemic immune response. Gut barrier dysfunction has recently emerged as a feature of ageing linked to declining health, and increased intestinal membrane permeability has been shown to promote heightened systemic inflammation in aged hosts. Concurrent with age‐related changes in the gut microbiome, the thymic microenvironment undergoes a series of morphological, phenotypical and architectural alterations with age, including disorganisation of the corticomedullary junction, increased fibrosis, increased thymic adiposity and the accumulation of senescent cells. However, a direct link between gut barrier dysbiosis and thymic involution leading to features of immune ageing has not been explored thus far. Herein, we reveal strong associations between enhanced microbial translocation and the peripheral accumulation of terminally differentiated, senescent and exhausted T cells and the compensatory expansion of regulatory T cells in older adults. Crucially, we demonstrate that aged germ‐free mice are protected from age‐related increases in intestinal permeability, highlighting the direct impact of mucosal permeability on thymic ageing. Together, these findings establish a novel mechanism by which gut barrier dysfunction drives systemic activation of the immune system during ageing through thymic involution. This enhances our understanding of drivers of T cell ageing and opens up the possibility for the use of microbiome‐based interventions to restore immune homeostasis and promote healthy ageing in older adults.
Accredited investor tests: How to balance, access, entrepreneurial funding, and investor protection?
Authors: Humphery‐Jenner Mark 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRegulators seek to balance investor protection with the costs of that protection. This often leads to a distinction between “accredited” and “retail” investors. Only “accredited” investors can invest in certain “risky” or “illiquid” assets, including start‐ups and wholesale funds. But what should be the “bar” to be classified as “accredited”? Should people be able to qualify via income, wealth, or education? Should they be able to self‐certify? Thus, this article considers the situation in the US, UK, and Australia and argues in favour of letting people qualify via wealth, income, and education and being able to self‐certify.
Twelve‐year review of horse‐related trauma registry presentations to a regional Australian Emergency Department
Authors: Neville Emily K. , Neville Christine C. , Hicks Henry 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe size, strength, and unpredictability of horses, makes any interaction a potential situation for minor to severe injury. Despite this, horses continue to be popular for work and recreational activities. There have been five recent Australian publications that have examined various aspects of horse‐related trauma, but none have been conducted in regional New South Wales (NSW). This study aims to report on the pattern of horse‐related trauma that met the Institute of Trauma Injury Management's (ITIM) Trauma Registry criteria for people who presented to the emergency department at a regional NSW hospital, Australia.MethodsAn analysis of horse‐related trauma extracted from the Wagga Wagga Base Hospital's Trauma Registry from 2012 to 2023 was undertaken. Demographic and clinical variables were reported on all people (n = 85) and statistically evaluated.ResultsThe cohort median age was 46 years (range 2–78). Males represented 51.8%. Fall from mounted position was the most common mechanism of injury (84.7%) followed by kick while unmounted (11.7%). The head (45.9%) and chest (32.9%) were the most common regions of injury with head (45.9%) and fractures (44.7%) the most common types of injury. 11.8% of people required ICU admission.ConclusionHorse‐related trauma, whether a person is mounted or unmounted, causes mild to severe injuries and can require hospitalization. Horse‐related trauma has the potential to significantly impact morbidity, result in death and must not be underestimated. Establishing a protocol for horse‐related trauma presentations and increasing awareness of injury patterns sustained from this mechanism has the potential to improve diagnosis and reduce morbidity.
Evaluation of safety criteria for enoxaparin bridging in patients with left ventricular assist devices in an outpatient care setting
Authors: Lam Lee D. , Czer Lawrence S. , Runyan Carmelita , Otarola Ieeshiah , Jang Jason , Lau Jason , Gau Mignon , Hernandez Katrina , Ngo Tram , Aguillon Mario , Huie Newman , Chen Julie W. , Cole Robert , Moriguchi Jaime , Volod Oksana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate anticoagulation is crucial for the success of left ventricular assist device patients. Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal management of their subtherapeutic INR in ambulatory setting. Our goal is to evaluate both the short‐term adverse events and long‐term outcomes of enoxaparin bridging at a major transplant center, following the implementation of bridging safety criteria.MethodsIn total, 85 patients' medical records were reviewed between 7/2019 and 5/2022, with 51 patients meeting safety criteria were bridged with enoxaparin and 34 non‐bridged. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major bleeding/thrombosis events within 30 days of bridging. The secondary endpoint was freedom from events 30 days after enoxaparin initiation and overall patient survivability until the last follow‐up.ResultsWithin 30 days, no major bleeding/thrombotic events were noted. After 30 days, the major bleeding rate was 5.8% in bridged vs. 11.8% in non‐bridged patients (p = 0.02). Overall, 3‐year survival was 78% in the bridged vs. 49% in non‐bridged patients (p < 0.001). In patients with no events, 3‐year survival was 80% in bridged vs. 58% in non‐bridged (p < 0.001). In the patients with bleeding events, 3‐year survival was 55% in bridged vs. 51% in non‐bridged (p = 0.11). At 1 year, freedom from bleeding in the bridged patients was 81% in patients with no events vs. 0% in those with an event (p < 0.0001).ConclusionWhen eligibility criteria for safe bridging were applied, the use of enoxaparin bridging was associated with no major bleeding/thrombotic events during bridging and improved 3‐year survival in LVAD patients. Economically, using outpatient enoxaparin resulted in substantial healthcare savings, fewer readmissions, and improved quality of life.
Slowing myopia progression with cylindrical annular refractive elements (CARE) spectacle lenses—Year 1 results from a 2‐year prospective, multi‐centre trial
Authors: Chen Xiaoqin , Wu Min , Yu Cui , Ohlendorf Arne , Rifai Katharina , Boeck‐Maier Christina , Wahl Siegfried , Yang Youhua , Zhu Yi , Li Lihua , Sankaridurg Padmaja 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of 12 months of spectacle lens wear incorporating cylindrical annular refractive elements (CARE) in slowing myopia progression compared to single vision (SV) spectacle wear.MethodsIn an ongoing 2‐year prospective, double‐masked, multi‐centre clinical trial, 240 Chinese children aged 6–13 years, spherical equivalent refractive error (SE) −0.75 D to −5.00 D were randomised to one of three groups of 80 participants each to wear: SV spectacle lens (N = 80), CARE spectacles (7 mm central clear zone surrounded by treatment zone incorporating CARE with mean surface power of +4.6 D) and CARE S (9 mm central clear zone surrounded by treatment zone comprising CARE with mean surface power of +3.8 D). Cycloplegic SE and axial length (AL) were measured at 6‐month intervals.ResultsCompared to baseline, changes in SE and AL were significantly different between the groups at both 6 and 12 months (p < 0.001, linear mixed model). Adjusting for site, group, parental myopia and age, at 12 months, the estimated change in SE and AL with 95% CI with SV was −0.65 D (CI: −0.56 to −0.74 D)/0.32 mm (CI: 0.29–0.36 mm). In comparison, the estimated change in SE/AL at 12 months with CARE was −0.35 D (−0.26 to −0.44 D)/0.19 mm (0.15–0.22 mm) and with CARE S was −0.36 D (−0.27 to −0.46 D)/0.21 mm (0.18–0.25 mm) at 12 months. Progression was slower with CARE and CARE S compared to SV (p < 0.05) but did not differ from each other (p = 0.793 and 0.336 for SE and AL, respectively).ConclusionsIn children with myopia, after 12 months of lens wear, both CARE and CARE S spectacle lenses significantly slowed myopia progression compared to SV lenses.
Efficacy of intravitreal faricimab therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Arnold‐Vangsted Andreas , Schou Marianne G. , Balaratnasingam Chandrakumar , Cehofski Lasse J. , Chhablani Jay , van Dijk Elon H. C. , Eriksen Nathalie S. , Grauslund Jakob , Hajari Javad N. , Sabaner M. Cem , Schneider Miklos , Subhi Yousif 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is an aneurismal type of macular neovascularization that show similarities with age‐related macular degeneration and diseases that are part of the pachychoroid disease spectrum. Exudative changes in PCV can be treated with intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy; however, a combination therapy with photodynamic therapy may be required. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we evaluated the efficacy of faricimab for PCV. We searched 12 literature databases for eligible studies. All study evaluation and data extraction were made by two authors in duplicate. Studies eligible for analysis were included for a qualitative and quantitative review. We identified seven studies with data from 150 eyes with PCV, five studies were of treatment‐naïve eyes who were commenced in faricimab monotherapy, and two studies were of switch‐over to faricimab from other anti‐VEGF drugs. After faricimab loading dose in treatment‐naïve eyes, the best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) remained stable at −0.09 (95% CI: −0.20–0.03) logMAR, central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased −169 (95% CI: −311–−27) μm, and 48.7 (95% CI: 32.5–65.0) % of eyes obtained polyp closure. In switch‐over eyes, 57%–67% experienced fluid reduction and 21% were able to extend their treatment interval. In conclusion, faricimab monotherapy for PCV leads to acceptable clinical outcomes in terms of stable BCVA, reduction of CRT, and high incidence of polyp closure. Some cases may benefit from a switch to faricimab. However, long‐term efficacy studies and controlled comparative studies are warranted.
Management of Muscle Cramps in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Roberts Andrew T. , Makar Joseph , Abdelmalak Jonathan , Sinclair Marie , Testro Adam , Majumdar Avik 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMuscle cramps are common in patients with cirrhosis. Despite their prevalence and impact on health‐related quality of life, there are no widely used clinical practice guidelines for management of muscle cramps in cirrhosis. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate current evidence regarding treatment of muscle cramps in cirrhosis.MethodsA systematic review using PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, and Scopus databases was performed on 30 June by two independent reviewers to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting interventions for muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients.ResultsTwelve RCTs evaluating 13 distinct interventions were identified. Baclofen, methocarbamol, orphenadrine, and taurine supplementation reduced cramp frequency, severity, and duration when compared to placebo. Human albumin, pregabalin, and quinidine reduced cramp frequency compared to placebo. Pickle juice reduced cramp severity compared to placebo. BCAA supplementation and calcium carbonate were found to reduce cramp frequency compared to baseline. Stretching demonstrated a signal towards reducing cramp severity and frequency, and meditation had a signal towards reducing severity only when compared to baseline. Electro‐acupuncture was the only intervention which demonstrated no therapeutic effect. Pregabalin was the only agent associated with significant side effects that limited its use.ConclusionMethocarbamol, orphenadrine, and taurine supplementation were found in placebo‐controlled RCTs to be effective in reducing cramp frequency, severity, and duration in cirrhotic patients. All other interventions reported aside from electro‐acupuncture demonstrated a positive impact on cramps. High‐quality RCTs are needed to further investigate the use of these treatments in terms of comparative efficacy and safety.
Syringin ameliorates dextran sulphate colitis via alteration oxidative stress, inflammation NF‐κB signalling pathway and gut microbiota
Authors: Zhao Juhui , Zhang Qingqing , Hao Xudong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the current study was to investigate the potential effects of syringin against dextran sulphate colitis (DSS)‐induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice.Material and methodsIn vitro study was performed on the RAW 264.7 cells and cytokines and inflammatory level were estimated. The oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis and inflammatory parameters were estimated. The mRNA expression and faecal samples were estimated in the colon tissue.ResultsSyringin treatment enhanced the body weight, colon length and reduced the disease activity index (DAI), spleen index. Syringin treatment remarkably suppressed the level of nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) along with alteration of antioxidant parameters. Syringin treatment also altered level of cytokines in the serum and colon tissue; inflammatory parameters viz., platelet‐activating factor (PAF), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), prostaglandin (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), nuclear factor κ‐B (NF‐κB); matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) level. Syringin significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced the level of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1). Syringin remarkably altered the relative abundance of gut microbiota like Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, F/B ratio, Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria.ConclusionSyringin exhibited the protective effect against DSS‐induced UC in mice via alteration of NF‐κB signalling pathway.
Loneliness trajectories and psychological distress in youth: Longitudinal evidence from a population‐based sample
Authors: Kirwan Emma M. , Luchetti Martina , Burns Annette , O'Súilleabháin Páraic S. , Creaven Ann‐Marie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis pre‐registered secondary analysis aimed to examine distinct longitudinal loneliness trajectories in youth and whether these trajectories were associated with psychological distress at final follow‐up in the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Participants (N = 827, 55.1% female, Time 1: M ± SD = 16.50 ± 0.50 years) provided data during Waves 9, 10 and 11. K‐means longitudinal clustering analysis was used to identify clusters of participants with distinct loneliness trajectories across measurement waves. We identified four clusters demonstrating distinct trajectories of loneliness: stable low (40.7%), stable high (20.6%), moderate decreasing (19.6%) and low increasing (19.1%). Compared to ‘stable low loneliness’, ‘stable high’ and ‘low increasing’ loneliness clusters were significantly associated with psychological distress at Wave 11 following adjustment for sex, ethnicity, parent's highest educational achievement and Wave 9 psychological distress. The current study offers an important contribution to the literature on patterns of youth loneliness and mental health consequences.
Between east and west, between past and future: The effects of exclusive historical victimhood on geopolitical attitudes in Hungary and Serbia
Authors: Ivanović Jovan , Vincze Orsolya , Jevtić Miloš , Szabó Zsolt , Csertő István , Choi Sarah Y. , Liu James H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn Eastern Europe, collective victim beliefs have become integral elements of national ideologies, especially amid rising geopolitical polarization. In this study, we investigated how exclusive victimhood was related to geopolitical attitudes in Hungary and Serbia. The study involved Serbian (N = 630) and Hungarian (N = 471) adult national samples stratified by gender, age, political orientation, and place of residence. As expected, exclusive victimhood predicted higher support for a geopolitical shift from the West (i.e., EU and US) to the East (i.e., Russia and China) via Euroscepticism in both samples. In Serbia, the strongest indirect effect was observed among participants with neutral attitudes towards the war in Ukraine. In Hungary, there was no expected moderated mediation while the direct effect of exclusive victimhood on the West‐to‐East geopolitical shift was largest for pro‐Russian participants and non‐significant for pro‐Ukrainian participants. Different measures of ethnic identity showed no expected moderation effect, but an exploratory analysis revealed that exclusive victimhood partially mediated the relationship between identity measures (superiority and attachment) and support for a pro‐Eastern (vs. pro‐Western) geopolitical orientation. We discuss how the construals of the past based on exclusive victimhood shape future geopolitical preferences of the public in Hungary and Serbia.
Oncological microdissection testicular sperm extraction (Onco‐microTESE) outcomes for fertility preservation of patients with testicular cancer with azoospermia or severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia
Authors: Fanshawe Jack B. , Hughes Thomas , Briggs Karen , Sandher Raveen , Khalaf Yacoub , Yap Tet , Kopeika Julia , Shabbir Majid 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the success rate of oncological microdissection testicular sperm extraction (onco‐microTESE) in patients with testicular cancer (TC) with azoospermia and severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT; <1 million/mL sperm) and to explore any factors that may predict success.Patients and MethodsCase series of outcomes from all consecutive patients (42 testes in 38 patients) that presented or were referred to a single specialist tertiary referral centre for fertility management in the context of TC with severe OAT or azoospermia between August 2015 and August 2022. Biochemical, radiological, and histological parameters were collected for all patients. All patients underwent onco‐microTESE (simultaneous radical inguinal orchidectomy with ex vivo microTESE of the affected testis). Those with unsuccessful surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) from the affected testis underwent contemporaneous contralateral microTESE, if no contraindication was present. The primary outcome was successful SSR from the affected testicle sufficient for assisted reproductive techniques. Secondary outcomes included contralateral microTESE success, the time from referral to procedure, and the total successful fertility preservation rate.ResultsInitial onco‐microTESE was successful in 19 of 31 patients (61%) with azoospermia. Contralateral microTESE was successful in a further two of eight patients with azoospermia with failed onco‐microTESE. Overall, 22/31 patients with azoospermia (71%) had successful fertility preservation in this series. In addition, six of seven patients with severe OAT had further sperm harvested by onco‐microTESE to maximise their fertility preservation. All surgery was performed within median (interquartile range) of 7 (5–13) days from presentation.ConclusionsOnco‐microTESE represents an effective method of fertility preservation for sub‐fertile patients with TC without delaying oncological treatment. Knowledge of the fertility status at first presentation is essential to allow for such additional options for optimal fertility preservation in TC.