bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Faktor Determinan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 12 Sampai 60 Bulan
Authors: Hendrayati Hendrayati , Asbar Ramlan 
Published: September 2018

Stunting adalah masalah gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh asupan zat gizi dalam jangka waktu lama, sehingga menyebabkan tidak terpenuhinya kebutuhan zat gizi. Indonesia menduduki peringkat tertinggi kejadian stunting disbanding Negara Asia Tenggara lainnya. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia cenderung meningkat. Riset kesehatan Dasar menunjukan prevalensi stanting 35.6% tahun 2010 dan 37.2% tahun 2013 (Bapenas, 2011; MAC-Indonesia, 2014).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa factor determinan pada kejadian stunting anak usia 12 sampai 60 bulan. Metode survey analitik jumlah sampel 155 anak stunting.Hasil penelitian menunjukan factor determinan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12 sampai 60 bulan adalah asupan energy dan zat gizi makro seperti karbohidrat, protein dan lemak. Sedangkan asupan zat gizi mikro yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting adalah asupan Vitamin A dan Zink. Selain asupan praktek pemberian makan seperti konsistensi, frekwensi dan sarapan juga merupakan factor determinan kejadian stunting. Pengetahuan gizi ibu tentang ASI eksklusif dan Makanan Pendamping ASI meskipun bukan merupakan determinan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12 sampai 60 bulan tetapi merupakan factor protektif
The Effect of Magnetic Variability on Stellar Angular Momentum Loss. I. The Solar Wind Torque during Sunspot Cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Finley Adam J. , Matt Sean P. , See Victor 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The rotational evolution of cool stars is governed by magnetized stellar winds that slow the stellar rotation during their main sequence lifetimes. Magnetic variability is commonly observed in Sun-like stars, and the changing strength and topology of the global field is expected to affect the torque exerted by the stellar wind. We present three different methods for computing the angular momentum loss in the solar wind. Two are based on MHD simulations from Finley & Matt (2018), with one using the open flux measured in the solar wind, and the other using remotely observed surface magnetograms. Both methods agree in the variation of the solar torque seen through the solar cycle and show a 30%–40% decrease from cycles 23 to 24. The two methods calculate different average values, 2.9 × 1030 erg (open flux) and 0.35 × 1030 erg (surface field). This discrepancy results from the already well-known difficulty of reconciling the magnetograms with the observed open flux, which is currently not understood, leading to an inability to discriminate between these two calculated torques. The third method is based on the observed spin rates of Sun-like stars, which decrease with age, directly probing the average angular momentum loss. This method gives 6.2 × 1030 erg for the solar torque, larger than the other methods. This may be indicative of further variability in the solar torque on timescales much longer than the magnetic cycle. We discuss the implications for applying the formula to other Sun-like stars, where only surface field measurements are available, and where the magnetic variations are ill-constrained.
Effectiveness of 8 Weeks of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir for Hepatitis C in HCV–HIV-Coinfected Patients
Authors: Vega Ana D , Hynicka Lauren M , Claeys Kimberly , Chua Joel V , Heil Emily L 
Published: September 2018

Background Data is limited on the use of 8 weeks of therapy with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) for special populations such as HCV–HIV-coinfected patients. The primary objective of this analysis was to compare sustained virological response at 12 weeks after end of therapy (SVR12) rates among HCV-monoinfected and HCV–HIV-coinfected patients in a real-world clinical setting. Additionally, we compared SVR12 rates among patients receiving 8 versus 12 weeks of therapy. Methods This was a single-centre, retrospective study of HCV-infected patients prescribed LDV/SOF at ambulatory clinics associated with the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) from May 2015 to May 2016. Data were obtained from UMMC electronic medical records and outpatient pharmacy claims database. Comparisons between groups were made using χ2 or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum for continuous variables. All analyses were per-protocol; patients missing SVR12 data (25.2%) could not be evaluated for our stated objectives. Results A total of 274 patients were included. Median age was 58 years; 62.8% were male; 82.5% were Black. SVR12 data was available for 65 HCV–HIV-coinfected patients, of which 62 (95.4%) achieved SVR12. There was no difference in SVR12 rate between HCV–HIV-coinfected patients and HCV-monoinfected patients (86/90; 95.6%; P=0.959). Additionally, there was no difference in SVR12 attainment between HIV–HCV-coinfected patients who received 8 versus 12 weeks of therapy ( P=0.101). Conclusions 8 weeks of LDV/SOF was effective for treatment-naive, non-cirrhotic, HCV genotype-1 patients in this real-world setting, regardless of HIV status. Increased uptake of the 8-week regimen can decrease costs for patients and payers without compromising outcomes.
Modeling freshwater quality scenarios with ecosystem-based adaptation in the headwaters of the Cantareira system, Brazil
Authors: Taffarello Denise , Srinivasan Raghavan , Mohor Guilherme Samprogna , Guimarães João Luis Bittencourt , do Carmo Calijuri Maria , Mendiondo Eduardo Mario 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Although hydrologic models provide hypothesis testing of complex
dynamics occurring at catchments, freshwater quality modeling is
still incipient at many subtropical headwaters. In Brazil, a few
modeling studies assess freshwater nutrients, limiting policies on
hydrologic ecosystem services. This paper aims to compare freshwater
quality scenarios under different land-use and land-cover (LULC) change,
one of them related to ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), in
Brazilian headwaters. Using the spatially semi-distributed Soil and
Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, nitrate, total phosphorous (TP) and
sediment were modeled in catchments ranging from 7.2 to
1037 km2. These headwaters were eligible areas of the
Brazilian payment for ecosystem services (PES) projects in the
Cantareira water supply system, which had supplied water to
9 million people in the São Paulo metropolitan region (SPMR). We considered
SWAT modeling of three LULC scenarios: (i) recent past scenario
(S1), with historical LULC in 1990; (ii) current land-use
scenario (S2), with LULC for the period 2010–2015 with field
validation; and (iii) future land-use scenario with PES
(S2 + EbA). This latter scenario proposed forest cover
restoration through EbA following the river basin plan by
2035. These three LULC scenarios were tested with a selected record
of rainfall and evapotranspiration observed in 2006–2014, with the
occurrence of extreme droughts. To assess hydrologic services, we
proposed the hydrologic service index (HSI), as a new composite
metric comparing water pollution levels (WPL) for reference
catchments, related to the grey water footprint (greyWF) and water
yield. On the one hand, water quality simulations allowed for the
regionalization of greyWF at spatial scales under LULC
scenarios. According to the critical threshold, HSI identified areas
as less or more sustainable catchments. On the other hand,
conservation practices simulated through the S2 + EbA scenario
envisaged not only additional and viable best management practices (BMP),
but also preventive decision-making at the headwaters of water
supply systems.
Production of synthetic tetraploids as a tool for polyploid research
Authors: Castro Mariana , Castro Sílvia , Loureiro João 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Polyploidization has been traditionally considered a phenomenon that mediates ecological differentiation; however, the adaptive value of genome duplications has been seldom explored. Natural or synthetic polyploids offer unique opportunities to experimentally quantify the immediate consequences of genome duplications in plant traits that may be involved with ecological differentiation. Jasione maritima is a diploid-tetraploid complex with cytotypes distributed allopatrically in an environmental gradient ideal for exploring the role of genome duplications in the success of polyploid lineages. However, like in numerous other polyploid complexes, neotetraploids of J. maritima have not been found in nature. In this study we developed a methodology to obtain synthetic tetraploids from seeds collected in wild diploid plants of J. maritima. We tested the effect of different colchicine concentrations and seedling ages in survival and polyploidization success of J. maritima seedlings, using flow cytometry to assess ploidy level and considering the population of origin. A methodology to synchronize seed germination was also explored. Synchronization of seed germination was best achieved using a cold treatment of 2 weeks before the transference to a growth chamber. An overall survival rate of 11.5±0.7 % and further tetraploid conversion of 35.6±2.9 % was obtained using 3-day-old seedlings of J. maritima. Survival rates were variable depending on colchicine treatment (the highest the most lethal) and seedling origin (i.e. population), while conversion rate was similar across these factors and high rates of tetraploid conversion were obtained. Considering that the main constraint was survival to the colchicine treatment, we suggest the use of the lowest colchicine concentration tested, i.e. 0.1 % colchicine. The use of older seedlings increased survival rates but, in many cases, compromised a complete tetraploid conversion, generating many diploid-tetraploid mixoploid plants.
Object Lessons: Derek Mahon's Material Ekphrasis
Authors: Vincent Bridget 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Derek Mahon, like many writers of ekphrastic poetry, uses the interartistic encounter as an opportunity to meditate on his own aesthetic practice. While the self-reflexive dimensions of Mahon's ekphrases have received considerable critical attention, the implications of his choice of source material remain underexamined. Many of Mahon's ekphrases respond not simply to paintings, but to works depicting three-dimensional objects and architectural spaces: indeed, he sometimes treats rooms and things as though they were the art objects in question. This is the case in a variety of poems, from “Courtyards in Delft” and “The Studio,” to later ekphrases like “Studio in Antibes,” and “New Space.” As these titles suggest, many of the objects and spaces he chooses are used in the production of further artworks—some of his best-known material ekphrases are responses to artists' rooms. This predilection repays critical attention, as the materiality of Mahon's ekphrastic writing shapes its metapoetic work in significant ways. Many of Mahon's aesthetic reflections concern abstraction, materiality, craft, and making, and these concerns take on additional complexity when the ekphrastic sources themselves involve physical things. Most importantly, Mahon's material ekphrases shed light on some of the ambivalence and ambiguity attending his aesthetic ideals.
Review of the New World genus Nanium Townes, 1967 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae), with two new species from the Neotropical region
Authors: Reshchikov Alexey , Sääksjärvi Ilari E. , Pollet Marc 
Published: September 2018

Nanium Townes, 1967 is a small New World parasitoid wasp genus in the subfamily Ctenopelmatinae Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Previously, it comprised five species: one from North America and four from Costa Rica. The current study reviews the Neotropical species of the genus, and includes descriptions of two new species, N. medianum Reshchikov & Sääksjärvi sp. nov. from Ecuador and N. atitlanensis Reshchikov & Sääksjärvi sp. nov. from Guatemala. A key to the species is provided.
Novel Management of Ectopic Pregnancy in a Noncommunicating Rudimentary Horn of a Unicornuate Uterus
Authors: Herchelroath Deborah , Miller Jena L. , Wang Karen C. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Pregnancy in a rudimentary horn is a rarely encountered form of ectopic pregnancy and is often an emergent situation because of the risk of rupture of the horn. A 31-year-old gravida 3 para 1 woman with 7 to 8 weeks’ gestational age was found to have a viable pregnancy in a rudimentary noncommunicating horn of a unicornuate uterus. She elected termination of the pregnancy via local intracardiac lidocaine and intra-amniotic methotrexate injections. Subsequent removal of the rudimentary horn was necessary to prevent recurrence. Because of the risk of rupture, the diagnosis and management of an ectopic pregnancy in a rudimentary horn can be emergent.
A bathypelagic ostracodConchoecissa nigromaculatussp. nov. (Myodocopa, Halocyprididae) from the South China Sea
Authors: Xiang Peng , Wang Yu , Chen Ruixiang , Zhao Liyuan , Wang Chunguang , Lin Mao 
Published: September 2018

Pelagic ostracods are one of the main groups of zooplankton and are abundant in marine ecosystems worldwide. The record of marine planktonic ostracod species in the central and southern part of the South China Sea accounts over for one-third of the total recorded marine planktonic ostracods in seas around China. In this study, we examined and compared the specimens from a recent cruise in this region that appeared to be different from previously described species of genusConchoecissa, and then confirmed them as a new bathypelagic speciesConchoecissa nigromaculatus. These specimens clearly differed from the other species of genusConchoecissawith differences observed in the size, carapace, locations of glands, mandible, maxilla, sixth limb, and furca. In this species, mandibular coxal endite has no ventral finger process, maxilla has prominently large endites and has only two claws on the tip, the sixth limb has very simple endites, and this species has distinctive features not previously observed in the tribe Conchoeciini before. It is therefore necessary to emend the diagnosis of this group.
Outpatient Engagement and Predicted Risk of Suicide Attempts in Fibromyalgia
Authors: McKernan Lindsey C. , Lenert Matthew C. , Crofford Leslie J. , Walsh Colin G. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivePatients with fibromyalgia (FM) are 10 times more likely to die by suicide than the general population. The purpose of this study was to externally validate published models predicting suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in patients with FM and to identify interpretable risk and protective factors for suicidality unique to FM.MethodsThis was a case–control study of large‐scale electronic health record data collected from 1998 to 2017, identifying FM cases with validated Phenotype KnowledgeBase criteria. Model performance was measured through discrimination, including the receiver operating area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity, and through calibration, including calibration plots. Risk factors were selected by L1 penalized regression with bootstrapping for both outcomes. Secondary utilization analyses converted time‐based billing codes to equivalent minutes to estimate face‐to‐face provider contact.ResultsWe identified 8,879 patients with FM, with 34 known suicide attempts and 96 documented cases of suicidal ideation. External validity was good for both suicidal ideation (AUC 0.80) and attempts (AUC 0.82) with excellent calibration. Risk factors specific to suicidal ideation included polysomatic symptoms such as fatigue (odds ratio [OR] 1.29 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.25–1.32]), dizziness (OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.22–1.28]), and weakness (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.15–1.19]). Risk factors specific to suicide attempt included obesity (OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.10–1.27]) and drug dependence (OR 1.15 [95% CI 1.12–1.18]). Per utilization analyses, those patients with FM and no suicidal ideation spent 3.5 times more time in follow‐up annually, and those without documented suicide attempts spent more than 40 times more time face‐to‐face with providers annually.ConclusionThis is the first study to successfully apply machine learning to reliably detect suicidality in patients with FM, identifying novel risk factors for suicidality and highlighting outpatient engagement as a protective factor against suicide.
Advocacy 101: Engaging Rheumatology Fellows in Health Policy and Advocacy
Authors: Doaty Sarah , Bitencourt Nicole , Harvey William , Kolasinski Sharon , Solow E. Blair 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveRheumatology fellowship programs lack formal curricular content to educate trainees about legislative and regulatory health care policies that have a profound impact on academic and community practices. Advocacy 101 was created as a program to address this gap and engage fellows‐in‐training (FIT) in health advocacy efforts.MethodsA web‐based survey was sent via the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) FIT listserve in July 2015 and April 2016. The survey queried respondents about their knowledge of and participation in health policy and advocacy. Survey results guided the design of an educational program called Advocacy 101 for FIT and program directors in conjunction with the ACR Advocates for Arthritis fly‐in meeting.ResultsThe survey response rate increased from 19% in 2015 (95 of 500 FIT) to 39% in 2016 (231 of 595 FIT). In 2015, the top reason for nonparticipation in health policy and advocacy efforts (64% of respondents) was lack of knowledge on how to get involved. This reason decreased to 39% of respondents in 2016. Other barriers to participation included lack of time and familiarity with the issues. Over the 2 years, FIT identified patient access to medication and insurance, and physician reimbursement as important advocacy issues. All participants of Advocacy 101 reported an increase in knowledge of health policy and the intent to stay involved.ConclusionFIT regard health policy issues as important, but many are uncertain of how to participate in advocacy. Advocacy 101 is the first program designed to educate and engage rheumatology FIT in health policy and advocacy endeavors.
Mosaic‐Structured Cobalt Nickel Thiophosphate Nanosheets Incorporated N‐doped Carbon for Efficient and Stable Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Liang Qinghua , Zhong Lixiang , Du Chengfeng , Zheng Yun , Luo Yubo , Xu Jianwei , Li Shuzhou , Yan Qingyu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEngineering the nanostructures and compositions of 2D layered metal thiophosphates (MTPs) is significant for extending their applications. Here, a scalable and flexible strategy is presented to prepare single crystalline CoNiPS3 incorporated with N‐doped carbon (CoNiPS3/C) nanosheets (≈16 nm thickness), which can be further processed into the mosaic‐structured CoNiPS3/C nanosheets (≈6 nm thickness) composed of randomly distributed crystalline nanodomains (≈15 nm diameter) and disordered boundaries (denoted as mosaic CoNiPS3/C nanosheets), and further into separated CoNiPS3/C nanodots (≈4 nm diameter). The initial CoNiPS3/C nanosheeets are prepared by using Co–Ni Prussian‐blue analogue nanoplates as templating precursors. As compared to the initial CoNiPS3/C nanosheets and nanodots, the mosaic CoNiPS3/C nanosheets exhibit plenty of active edge sites, retained crystallinity, and good structural stability. Synergistically, density functional theory calculations reveal that the bimetallic composition results in higher intrinsic activity, better conductivity, and lower kinetic energy barriers for bifunctional oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions. More importantly, a water‐splitting electrolyzer constructed using the mosaic CoNiPS3/C nanosheets as both cathode and anode achieves 30 mA cm−2 at 1.62 V, which is better than the initial CoNiPS3/C nanosheets (1.69 V) and is comparable to the discreted nanodots (1.58 V). Besides, the mosaic CoNiPS3/C nanosheets show much better electrocatalytic stability than nanodots.
Pleistocene diversification in an ancient lineage: a role for glacial cycles in the evolutionary history of Dioon Lindl. (Zamiaceae)
Authors: Dorsey Brian L. , Gregory Timothy J. , Sass Chodon , Specht Chelsea D. 
Published: September 2018

Premise of the StudyRecent estimates of crown ages for cycad genera (Late Miocene) challenge us to consider what processes have produced the extant diversity of this ancient group in such relatively little time. Pleistocene climate change has driven major shifts in species distributions in Mexico and may have led to speciation in the genus Dioon by forcing populations to migrate up in elevation, thereby becoming separated by topography.MethodsWe inferred orthologs from transcriptomes of five species and sequenced these in 42 individuals representing all Dioon species. From these data and published plastid sequences, we inferred dated species trees and lineage‐specific diversification rates.Key ResultsAnalyses of 84 newly sequenced nuclear orthologs and published plastid data confirm four major clades within Dioon, all of Pleistocene age. Gene tree analysis, divergence dates, and an increase in diversification rate support very recent and rapid divergence of extant taxa.ConclusionsThis study confirms the Pleistocene age of Dioon species and implicates Pleistocene climate change and established topography in lineage spitting. These results add to our understanding of the cycads as evolutionarily dynamic lineages, not relicts or evolutionary dead ends. We also find that well‐supported secondary calibration points can be reliable in the absence of fossils. Our hypothesis of lineage splitting mediated by habitat shifts may be applicable to other taxa that are restricted to elevation specific ecotones.
Gallic acid attenuates allergic airway inflammation via suppressed interleukin‐33 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells in ovalbumin‐induced asthma in mice
Authors: Wang Xinhua , Zhao Hongqing , Ma Chenhui , Lv Lei , Feng Jinping , Han Shuguang 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundAsthma is an inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness. Gallic acid is a powerful anti‐inflammatory agent. In this study we aimed to investigate the efficacy of gallic acid in asthma treatment and its mechanisms.MethodsAn ovalbumin‐induced asthma mouse model was generated. Pro‐inflammatory cell infiltration and T helper (Th2)–associated cytokine release in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed to reflect the severity of asthma in mice. An interleukin‐33 (IL‐33)–induced asthma mouse model was also generated to study the mechanism by which gallic acid could improve asthma. Group 2 lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were identified using flow cytometry. Proteins were detected using Western blotting.ResultsOvalbumin significantly increased the infiltration of pro‐inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, accompanied by enhanced airway hyperesponsiveness. Gallic acid reduced pro‐inflammatory cell infiltration and improved airway hyperresponsiveness. Meanwhile, gallic acid reduced IL‐5 and IL‐13 levels in BALF and decreased expression of IL‐33 in the lungs. Mechanistically, gallic acid inhibited MyD88 expression and downregulated nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signaling to decrease IL‐33 expression.ConclusionsGallic acid can mollify ovalbumin‐induced asthma in mice, possibly by inhibiting IL‐33‐mediated ILC2 activation and subsequent Th2 cytokine release via downregulation of the MyD88/NF‐κB signaling pathway. ©2018 ARSAAOA, LLC.