bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Improvement in Periodontal Parameters between RPD Abutment Teeth with Direct and Indirect Retainers, after Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Almeida Mariana Linhares , Tôrres Ana Clara Soares de Paiva , de Oliveira Kleiton Clécio , Calderon Patrícia dos Santos , Carreiro Adriana da Fonte Porto , Gurgel Bruno César de Vasconcelos 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of basic periodontal treatment on clinical periodontal parameters associated with abutment teeth of patients with mandibular Kennedy class I removable partial dentures (RPD) 18 months after treatment.Materials and MethodsThirty patients with periodontal disease were treated and evaluated according to the following periodontal parameters: visible plaque index (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and keratinized mucosa (KM). These parameters were compared between abutment teeth with direct and indirect retainers at baseline, and after 6 and 18 months. Data were analyzed by Friedman Test and Wilcoxon Test for all variables.ResultsMost patients (n = 26; 86.7%) included in the study were female and had a mean age of 61 years (±7.54). Results showed that VPI and BOP decreased over time, and that VPI values were higher in abutment teeth with direct retainers (p = 0.001). There was a reduction in PD after 6 months, which was maintained up to 18 months. In general, abutment teeth with direct retainers had significantly higher values for PD, GR, and CAL (p = 0.029). Data also indicated that the parameters for VPI, BOP, and PD improved; however, abutment teeth with direct retainers presented smaller improvements, compared with abutment teeth with indirect retainers, which presented significant improvements for almost all variables.ConclusionPeriodontal treatment and oral hygiene care of patients were adequate for maintenance of adequate periodontal conditions, regardless of the use of prostheses.
Auricular Retentive Prosthetic Conformer Post Brent's Stage III Surgery in Microtia Repair: A Clinical Report
Authors: Lingeshwar D. , Appadurai R. , Challa Padmaja , Sswedheni S. U. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAuricular reconstruction is an interdisciplinary approach where multiple specialties play a vital role in the treatment provided to the patient. This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the process carried out for the fabrication of a custom‐made prosthetic conformer for the management of postoperative contraction of a skin graft after ear reconstruction surgery—Brent stage III. The prosthesis is used as a precautionary measure and is simple, effective, and economical.
The Development of Nonanatomic Denture Occlusion: Part III
Authors: Engelmeier Robert L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPart III of this four‐part series about nonanatomic denture tooth development traces the evolution of this movement from the mid‐1930s through the World War II era up to the early 1950s. By this time, the general preference for posterior denture occlusion had shifted from anatomic to nonanatomic teeth, and all the major denture tooth manufacturing companies listed at least one nonanatomic design in their inventories.
Multisensory Representation of Gender in Infants: An Eye‐Tracking Study
Authors: Méary David , Jaggie Carole , Pascalis Olivier 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVisual and auditory information jointly contribute to face categorization processes in humans, and gender is a socially relevant multisensory category specified by faces and voices that is detected early in infancy. We used an eye tracker to study how gender coherence in audio and visual modalities influence face scanning in 9‐ to 12‐month‐old infants and in adults. While viewing dynamic faces, infants attended to a speaker's mouth region to a greater extent than adults, regardless of speech, which was mostly due to an increase in mean fixation durations. However, the time course of attending to eye and mouth regions showed similarities in adults and infants. Face–voice congruence for gender appeared to have little effect on measures of face scanning. Overall, results suggested that 9‐ to 12‐month‐old infants give more weight to the processing of a speaker's mouth compared to adults but that infants already have an adult‐like face‐scanning strategy.
Mammals and meaningful taxonomic units: the debate about species concepts and conservation
Authors: Zachos Frank E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMammalian taxonomy based on the diagnosability version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept has recently been declared the only sound approach to mammalian classification. In this article, based on the underlying evolutionary ontology of species taxa, I explain the fallacy of these arguments and hold that in a ‘grey area’ after lineage sundering, completely objective species delimitation is impossible, making both lumping and splitting equally correct or incorrect. As a consequence, we may have to get used to the idea that described species are often a poor guide to the delineation of meaningful taxonomic units for conservation.
Standardized training for AVT pacing in paediatric patients with postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia
Authors: Entenmann Andreas , Dittrich Susann , Hessling Vera , Niederwanger Christian , Cortina Gerard , Michel Miriam 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundJunctional ectopic tachycardia is a serious complication of surgery for paediatric congenital heart disease. R‐wave synchronized atrial (AVT) pacing, an innovative temporary pacing technique, restores atrioventricular synchrony in these patients. The method is highly effective but technically complex. A standardized training model exists for doctors but not for paediatric intensive care nurses.AimsThis study seeks to evaluate whether a standardized programme involving simulation and vignettes increases knowledge of AVT pacing and accuracy of its documentation, as well as recognition and management of specific complications.Study designThis study was an experimental simulation test with before and after descriptive evaluation.MethodsA custom‐made simulation model was used in combination with standardized training. Before and after training, 10 paediatric nurse specialists were asked to document pacing, to identify complications and to intervene as necessary. Four clinical scenarios were presented: effective AVT pacing, ineffective AVT pacing, pacing with narrow interval between atrial pacing and ventricular sensing and pacemaker‐induced tachycardia. Identification and management of complications were evaluated using a 3‐point scale.ResultsTraining improved the quality of documentation and complication management. At outset, documentation by 1 of 10 participants was completely correct, and after training, documentation by 8 of 10 participants was completely correct.Before training, 30% of interpretations of the four presented clinical scenarios were correct (12/40) versus 83% (33/40) after training. The decision to notify a doctor of a complication was correct in 83% (33/40) before versus 95% (38/40) after the training.ConclusionStandardized simulation training improves quality and safety in AVT pacing, with more accurate documentation of the pacing mode and better recognition and management of specific complications during pacing.Relevance to clinical practiceAVT pacing should be performed in conjunction with standardized simulation training in paediatric cardiac intensive care units.
Music training and child development: a review of recent findings from a longitudinal study
Authors: Habibi Assal , Damasio Antonio , Ilari Beatriz , Elliott Sachs Matthew , Damasio Hanna 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEvidence suggests that learning to play music enhances musical processing skills and benefits other cognitive abilities. Furthermore, studies of children and adults indicate that the brains of musicians and nonmusicians are different. It has not been determined, however, whether such differences result from pre‐existing traits, musical training, or an interaction between the two. As part of an ongoing longitudinal study, we investigated the effects of music training on children's brain and cognitive development. The target group of children was compared with two groups of children, one involved in sports and another not enrolled in any systematic afterschool training. Two years after training, we observed that children in the music group had better performance than comparison groups in musically relevant auditory skills and showed related brain changes. For nonmusical skills, children with music training, compared with children without music or with sports training, showed stronger neural activation during a cognitive inhibition task in regions involved in response inhibition despite no differences in performance on behavioral measures of executive function. No such differences were found between music and sports groups. We conclude that music training induces brain and behavioral changes in children, and those changes are not attributable to pre‐existing biological traits.
Up‐regulation of GhTT2‐3A in cotton fibres during secondary wall thickening results in brown fibres with improved quality
Authors: Yan Qian , Wang Yi , Li Qian , Zhang Zhengsheng , Ding Hui , Zhang Yue , Liu Housheng , Luo Ming , Liu Dexin , Song Wu , Liu Haifeng , Yao Dan , Ouyang Xufen , Li Yaohua , Li Xin , Pei Yan , Xiao Yuehua 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBrown cotton fibres are the most widely used naturally coloured raw materials for the eco‐friendly textile industry. Previous studies have indicated that brown fibre pigments belong to proanthocyanidins (PAs) or their derivatives, and fibre coloration is negatively associated with cotton productivity and fibre quality. To date, the molecular basis controlling the biosynthesis and accumulation of brown pigments in cotton fibres is largely unknown. In this study, based on expressional and transgenic analyses of cotton homologs of ArabidopsisPA regulator TRANSPARENT TESTA 2 (TT2) and fine‐mapping of the cotton dark‐brown fibre gene (Lc1), we show that a TT2 homolog, GhTT2‐3A, controls PA biosynthesis and brown pigmentation in cotton fibres. We observed that GhTT2‐3A activated GhbHLH130D, a homolog of ArabidopsisTT8, which in turn synergistically acted with GhTT2‐3A to activate downstream PA structural genes and PA synthesis and accumulation in cotton fibres. Furthermore, the up‐regulation of GhTT2‐3A in fibres at the secondary wall‐thickening stage resulted in brown mature fibres, and fibre quality and lint percentage were comparable to that of the white‐fibre control. The findings of this study reveal the regulatory mechanism controlling brown pigmentation in cotton fibres and demonstrate a promising biotechnological strategy to break the negative linkage between coloration and fibre quality and/or productivity.
The rice terpene synthase gene OsTPS19 functions as an (S)‐limonene synthase in planta, and its overexpression leads to enhanced resistance to the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Chen Xujun , Chen Hao , Yuan Joshua S. , Köllner Tobias G. , Chen Yuying , Guo Yufen , Zhuang Xiaofeng , Chen Xinlu , Zhang Yong‐jun , Fu Jianyu , Nebenführ Andreas , Guo Zejian , Chen Feng 
Published: March 2018

SummaryRice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most devastating disease of rice. In our ongoing characterization of the defence mechanisms of rice plants against M. oryzae, a terpene synthase gene OsTPS19 was identified as a candidate defence gene. Here, we report the functional characterization of OsTPS19, which is up‐regulated by M. oryzae infection. Overexpression of OsTPS19 in rice plants enhanced resistance against M. oryzae, while OsTPS19 RNAi lines were more susceptible to the pathogen. Metabolic analysis revealed that the production of a monoterpene (S)‐limonene was increased and decreased in OsTPS19 overexpression and RNAi lines, respectively, suggesting that OsTPS19 functions as a limonene synthase in planta. This notion was further supported by in vitro enzyme assays with recombinant OsTPS19, in which OsTPS19 had both sesquiterpene activity and monoterpene synthase activity, with limonene as a major product. Furthermore, in a subcellular localization experiment, OsTPS19 was localized in plastids. OsTPS19 has a highly homologous paralog, OsTPS20, which likely resulted from a recent gene duplication event. We found that the variation in OsTPS19 and OsTPS20 enzyme activities was determined by a single amino acid in the active site cavity. The expression of OsTPS20 was not affected by M. oryzae infection. This indicates functional divergence of OsTPS19 and OsTPS20. Lastly, (S)‐limonene inhibited the germination of M. oryzae spores in vitro. OsTPS19 was determined to function as an (S)‐limonene synthase in rice and plays a role in defence against M. oryzae, at least partly, by inhibiting spore germination.
It's not you, it's them: Social influences on trust propensity and trust dynamics
Authors: Baer Michael D. , Matta Fadel K. , Kim Ji Koung , Welsh David T. , Garud Niharika 
Published: March 2018

AbstractScholars agree that trust primarily has two bases: trustworthiness—the extent to which a trustee is competent, honest, and has goodwill toward the trustor—and trust propensity—a stable trait reflecting the trustor's generalized belief that others can be trusted. Due to this trait characterization, the literature has largely reached a consensus that trust propensity is only an important base of trust in the earliest stage of a relationship—before information on trustworthiness has been gathered. Additionally, the trait conceptualization of trust propensity inhibits it from being modeled as an explanatory mechanism. Drawing on accessibility theory, a theory of trait activation, we argue that trust propensity has state‐like characteristics that are “activated” by the daily treatment an employee receives from coworkers. Our model highlights that the social context—predominantly ignored in prior trust research because of its lack of relevance to dyadic perceptions of trustworthiness—can have a substantial impact on dyadic trust. Across two multisource experience sampling methodology studies, we provide evidence that state trust propensity transmits the effects of citizenship and deviance received to trust in a focal coworker, whether that focal coworker is a source of that treatment or not. We also address how general levels of workplace unfairness—a between‐person construct—influence these dynamics. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these within‐person dynamics for fostering trust within organizations.
Quantitative Uncertainty Analysis for a Weed Risk Assessment System
Authors: Caton Barney P. , Koop Anthony L. , Fowler Larry , Newton Leslie , Kohl Lisa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWeed risk assessments (WRA) are used to identify plant invaders before introduction. Unfortunately, very few incorporate uncertainty ratings or evaluate the effects of uncertainty, a fundamental risk component. We developed a probabilistic model to quantitatively evaluate the effects of uncertainty on the outcomes of a question‐based WRA tool for the United States. In our tool, the uncertainty of each response is rated as Negligible, Low, Moderate, or High. We developed the model by specifying the likelihood of a response changing for each uncertainty rating. The simulations determine if responses change, select new responses, and sum the scores to determine the risk rating. The simulated scores reveal potential variation in WRA risk ratings. In testing with 204 species assessments, the ranges of simulated risk scores increased with greater uncertainty, and analyses for most species produced simulated risk ratings that differed from the baseline WRA rating. Still, the most frequent simulated rating matched the baseline rating for every High Risk species, and for 87% of all tested species. The remaining 13% primarily involved ambiguous Low Risk results. Changing final ratings based on the uncertainty analysis results was not justified here because accuracy (match between WRA tool and known risk rating) did not improve. Detailed analyses of three species assessments indicate that assessment uncertainty may be best reduced by obtaining evidence for unanswered questions, rather than obtaining additional evidence for questions with responses. This analysis represents an advance in interpreting WRA results, and has enhanced our regulation and management of potential weed species.
A generalized Okun's Law: Uncovering the myth of China's labor market resilience
Authors: Liu Xiaoguang , Lam Raphael , Schipke Alfred , Shen Guangjun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA stable labor market is a policy priority for most countries, especially after the burst of the global financial crisis. Unlike most countries, the labor market in China appears to be holding up well, despite sharp slowdown in economic growth. This paper argues that there are underlying fundamental mechanisms that help explain the resilience of China's labor market. The key to understanding labor market dynamics in China is that rural‐to‐urban migrant flows are more sensitive to growth than urban workers in the process of fast urbanization, which serves as a main shock absorber to buffer employment against adverse shocks. Therefore, we propose a generalized Okun's Law (GOL) that incorporates migrant flows with unemployment rates to capture the relation between labor market dynamics and economic cycles. The original Okun's Law can be regarded as a special case of the GOL for developed countries that have already completed urbanization. Conducting empirical analysis with both China's national‐ and city‐level data and cross‐country panel data, we find strong evidence supporting the GOL theory. Findings in the paper have implications for a deeper understanding of the wisdom of Okun's Law and its application in labor market policies.
Interactive value‐based curriculum: a pilot study
Authors: Bowman Peterson Jill M , Duffy Briar , Duran Alisa , Gladding Sophia P 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundCurrent health care costs are unsustainable, with a large percentage of waste attributed to doctor practices. Medical educators are developing curricula to address value‐based care (VBC) in education. There is, however, a paucity of curricula and assessments addressing levels higher than ‘knows’ at the base of Miller's pyramid of assessment. Our objective was to: (1) teach residents the principles of VBC using active learning strategies; and (2) develop and pilot a tool to assess residents’ ability to apply principles of VBC at the higher level of ‘knows how’ on Miller's pyramid.MethodsResidents in medicine, medicine–paediatrics and medicine–dermatology participated in a 5‐week VBC morning report curriculum using active learning techniques. Early sessions targeted knowledge and later sessions emphasised the application of VBC principles.Medical educators are developing curricula to address value‐based care in educationResultsThirty residents attended at least one session and completed both pre‐ and post‐intervention tests, using a newly developed case‐based assessment tool featuring a ‘waste score’ balanced with ‘standard of care’. Residents, on average, reduced their waste score from pre‐intervention to post‐intervention [mean 8.8 (SD 6.3) versus mean 4.7 (SD 4.6), p = 0.001]. For those who reduced their waste score, most maintained or improved their standard of care.DiscussionOur results suggest that residents may be able to decrease health care waste, with the majority maintaining or improving their management of care in a case‐based assessment after participation in the curriculum. We are working to further incorporate VBC principles into more morning reports, and to develop further interventions and assessments to evaluate our residents at higher levels on Miller's pyramid of assessment.
A RHAG point mutation selectively disrupts Rh antigen expression
Authors: Mu S. , Cui Y. , Wang W. , Wang L. , Xu H. , Zhu O. , Zhu D. 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterise a novel mutation in the gene encoding RhAG in order to elucidate a molecular mechanism for Rh antigen expression and spherocytosis.BackgroundRhesus‐associated glycoprotein (RhAG) is critical for maintaining the structure and stability of erythrocytes. Single missense mutations in the gene encoding RhAG are sufficient to induce spherocytosis and deficiencies in Rh complex formation. We report a novel missense mutation that incompletely disrupts Rh antigen expression and selectively knocks out RhD antigen expression.MethodsBlood samples were taken from a 38‐year‐old male, his brother, his wife and his daughter in Xi'an, China. To detect the proband's RhAG and D antigen expression, the RBC were stained with anti‐D and anti‐RhAG and analysed by flow cytometry. Red blood cell morphology was detected with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples, and the RHD, RHCE and RHAG alleles were sequenced and analysed. The mutation was mapped onto a predicted crystal structure of RhAG by the I‐TASSER server and visualised using PyMOL.ResultsMorphological testing by AFM found clear evidence of spherocytosis in the proband's erythrocytes. RHAG gene sequencing identified the mutation at sequence 236G > A, resulting in a serine to asparagine substitution at residue 79 (S79N). Family survey indicated that inheriting this allele is necessary and sufficient to cause the condition. Mapping the mutation onto a predicted crystal structure of RhAG revealed the proximity of the mutation to the critical structural elements of the protein.ConclusionsA novel RHAG mutation significantly lowers RhAG antigen expression and antigen‐mediated agglutination intensity.
Pilot Study of Model-Based Dosage Individualization of Ganciclovir in Neonates and Young Infants with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Dong Qian , Leroux Stephanie , Shi Hai-Yan , Xu Hai-Yan , Kou Chen , Khan Muhammad Wasim , Jacqz-Aigrain Evelyne , Zhao Wei 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Newborns with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are at high risk for developing permanent sequelae. Intravenous ganciclovir therapy is frequently used for the treatment of congenital CMV infection. A target area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC
0–24
) of 40 to 50 μg · h/ml is recommended. The standard dose has resulted in a large variability in ganciclovir exposure in newborns, indicating the unmet need of dosage individualization for this vulnerable population, but the implementation of this strategy remains challenging in clinical practice. We aim to evaluate the clinical utility of model-based dosage individualization of ganciclovir in newborns using an opportunistic sampling approach. The predictive performance of a published ganciclovir population pharmacokinetic model was evaluated using an independent patient cohort. The individual dose was adjusted based on the target AUC
0–24
to ensure its efficacy. A total of 26 newborns with congenital CMV infection were included in the present study. Only 11 (42.3%) patients achieved the target AUC
0–24
after being given the standard dose. For all the subtherapeutic patients (achieving <80% of the target AUC) (
n
= 5), a model-based dosage adjustment was performed using the Bayesian estimation method combined with the opportunistic sampling strategy. The adjusted doses were increased by 28.6% to 60.0% in these five patients, and all adapted AUC
0–24
values achieved the target (range, 48.6 to 66.1 μg · h/ml). The clinical utility of model-based dosing individualization of ganciclovir was demonstrated in newborns with congenital CMV infection. The population pharmacokinetic model combined with the opportunistic sampling strategy provides a clinically feasible method to adapt the ganciclovir dose in neonatal clinical practice. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT03113344.)