bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cluster randomised controlled trial investigating the efficacy of family‐centred obesity management program in primary care settings: A study protocol
Authors: Al Yazeedi Basma , Al‐Haddabi Badriya , Waly Mostafa , Al‐Adawi Samir , Al‐Mammari Salima , Al‐Ghammari Ibtesam , Al‐Shammakhi Saleh , Al‐Azkawi Hanan , Khalaf Atika 
Published: November 2024

SummaryThe study aims to test the efficacy of a family‐centred healthy lifestyle program in primary care health centres among children with overweight or obesity, evaluating the results at 3, 6, and 9 months post‐intervention. A single‐blind, randomised controlled cluster study where participants will be blinded to group assignment to reduce bias will be followed. The intervention comprises a 6‐month program with intensive and maintenance behavioural therapies, including dietary modifications and guidelines for physical activity, administered by a multidisciplinary team. Participants will be assigned to an intervention group or a treatment‐as‐usual control group. Primary health centres in Seeb Wilayat, serving densely populated areas and willing to participate, will be included. Randomisation will be conducted at the cluster level to improve recruitment efficiency. A sample size calculation will ensure adequate power to detect significant differences. Ethical approval is granted and informed consent/assent will be obtained from all participants. The proposed study focusses on testing the efficacy of a family‐centred healthy lifestyle program in primary care centres through a controlled, randomised study. Successful outcomes could lead to informed interventions, improvements in the health system, policy recommendations, positive community impacts, information on behavioural therapies, and improved long‐term health outcomes for affected children and their families. This study will contribute to the literature by providing a culturally sensitive and evidence‐based solution to a pressing public health issue, which can be adapted to similar contexts in Oman and beyond.
First Evidence of Individual Sharks Involved in Multiple Predatory Bites on People
Authors: Clua Eric E. G. , Meyer Carl G. , Freeman Mark , Baksay Sandra , Bidenbach Hadrien , Haguenauer Anne , Linnell John D. C. , Séguigne Clémentine , Surina Steven , Vely Michel , Vignaud Thomas , Planes Serge 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIt is widely accepted that populations of terrestrial predators sometimes contain “problem individuals” that repeatedly attack humans, yet this phenomenon has never been demonstrated in sharks. Here, we present photographic and genetic evidence of individuals in populations of tiger Galeocerdo cuvier and oceanic whitetip Carcharhinus longimanus sharks that (1) demonstrated atypical behavior compared to the rest of the population, (2) engaged in repeated agonistic behavior directed toward humans, and (3) bit, or attempted to bite humans in probable foraging attempts. These case studies provide some of the first evidence for the existence of “problem individuals” among sharks. The percentage of fatalities due to the same shark individual are not known, so we recommend systematic swabbing of shark bite victims wounds to better understand the importance of this phenomenon and the possibility of identifying these animals. Environmentally conscientious management options for problem individuals range from prohibiting ocean activities (e.g., swimming and surfing) in their habitats to selectively removing the individual, although the latter would be challenging in the marine environment.
Perineuriomatous Melanocytic Nevi: A Case Series of Four Cases
Authors: Almashad Aya , Lindsey Miki , Zoumberos Nicholas , Shalin Sara C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMelanocytic tumors with perineuriomatous differentiation may pose diagnostic challenges. This study explores characteristics of perineuriomatous melanocytic nevi, an entity merging features of perineurioma and melanocytic nevi. The aim is to elucidate histopathological features of perineuriomatous nevi to allow dermatopathologists to recognize them and differentiate them from other spindle cell lesions.MethodThis study reviews four cases (2020–2023) of melanocytic nevi with perineuriomatous components.ResultsAll cases comprised adults (median age: 64.50, mean age: 60.25), with a female predominance, and exhibited clinical features characterized by irregular brown macules or papules on the trunk and extremities. Histopathologically, all lesions were compound, and biphasic patterns were evident, encompassing superficial nevoid and deeper spindled populations arranged in whorled fascicles and embedded in a sclerotic or myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of at least one perineuriomatous marker in deeper cells. Cases were assessed and compared with previously published cases for comprehensive insights. Three of our four cases demonstrated the presence of a junctional component that was smaller than the dermal component. We suggest that this unusual feature, which we term the “reverse shoulder”, may allow dermatopathologists to help consider perineurial differentiation in the appropriate setting.ConclusionPerineuriomatous nevi can pose diagnostic challenges. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on perineuriomatous nevi, emphasizing their unique features and the importance of accurate diagnosis to avoid unnecessary interventions.
A GSD‐driven approach to deriving stochastic soil strength parameters under hybrid machine learning models
Authors: Jiang Hu , Li Yong , Zou Qiang , Zhang Jun , Cui Junfang , Cheng Jianyi , Zhou Bin , Chen Siyu , Zhou Wentao , Yao Hongkun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe quantification of soil strength parameters is a crucial prerequisite for constructing physical models related to hydro‐geophysical processes. However, due to ignoring soil spatial variability at different scales, traditional parameter assignment strategies, such as assigning values depending on land use classification or other classification systems, as well as those extrapolation and interpolation methods, are insufficient for physical process modelling. This work addressed this deficiency by proposing a method to derive stochastic soil strength parameters under hybrid machine learning (ML) models, taking into account the grain‐size distribution (GSD) of soil with scaling invariance. The nonlinear connection between GSD parameters (derived from GSD curves, such as μ and Dc), moisture content, and soil shear strength parameters was fitted by the suggested hybrid ML model. An analysis of a case study revealed that: (i) the Multi‐layer Perceptron optimized by the African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) algorithm performs the best and can estimate the shear strength parameters of soil mass on vegetated slopes; (ii) all the selected ML models showed significant improvements in predictive performance after optimization with the AVOA, with R2 scores increasing by 24.72% for Support Vector Regressor, 34.04% for eXtreme Gradient Boosting, and 35.53% for Multi‐layer Perceptron; and (iii) soil cohesion has an increasing relationship with the GSD parameter μ, while soil internal friction angle has a negative correlation with the grain‐size parameter Dc. The proposed methodology can give predictions of soil shear strength distribution parameters, providing parameter support for the physical modelling of surface process dynamics.
Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation to treat drug‐resistant epilepsy: A randomized, controlled, crossover clinical trial
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Ma Lei , Shi Xiao‐Jing , Liu Yu , Wu Dian‐Wei , Hao Jian‐Min , Leng Xiu‐Xiu , Jin Lang , Yuan Fang , Sun Zhong‐Qing , Zhao Jing‐Jing , Wang Ling , Shang Lei , Wang Duo‐Lao , Song Chang‐Geng , Jiang Wen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is one of the most prevalent brain diseases. Approximately one third of patients consistently experience drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE), a condition where seizures persist despite the use of antiseizure medications. Exploration of new therapies for DRE is urgently needed. In this single‐center, randomized, sham‐controlled, crossover clinical trial (NCT05042726), we aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of transcranial magnetic continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) targeting the cerebellum to treat DRE.MethodsPatients with DRE for ≥2 years and a seizure frequency of ≥2 seizures per month were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to receive active stimulation followed by sham stimulation or vice versa. The bilateral cerebellum was targeted by navigated cTBS focusing on the cerebellar dentate nucleus, once daily on workdays for 2 weeks. The primary outcomes were the percentage of seizure reduction and 50% responder rate in the per‐protocol population within 2 months after treatment.ResultsForty‐four patients were enrolled and randomized; 18 patients in the active stimulation‐first group and 20 in the sham stimulation‐first group were included in the final analysis. Active cTBS significantly reduced seizures compared to sham stimulation (difference in percentage of seizure reduction between treatments = 25%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5%–46%, p = .018). The 50% responder rate after active stimulation was significantly higher than that after sham stimulation (difference in 50% responder rate between treatments = 24%, 95% CI = 11%–40%, p = .029). Adverse events occasionally occurred during active stimulation (moderate headache in 5% of patients, tinnitus in 3% of patients, dizziness in 3% of patients) but resolved spontaneously within days after treatment completion.SignificanceThis trial suggested that cTBS targeting the cerebellum was effective and well tolerated in the treatment of DRE. Further studies are warranted to confirm its effectiveness and mechanism.
Entrepreneurship and gender: An appreciation of studies in Brazil
Authors: Machado Hilka Pelizza Vier 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the set of Brazilian scientific production in the themes Entrepreneurship and Gender associate to highlight the gender perspectives in these publications. A semi‐systematic literature review was carried out, according to the studies published until the year 2022, in the databases Spell, Scielo, and in the following scientific journals: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, Gender in Management, and Gender, Work and Organization. We selected 102 articles for reading. The studies were classified into five themes: (a) the impact of entrepreneurship on a woman's personal life; (b) aspects associated with management and entrepreneurship; (c) socialization and context; (d) gender and intersectionality; and (e) evaluation of the field of studies. An agenda for future studies is suggested. This research encourages Brazilian researchers to develop new studies and insights on the subject. In addition, it presents elements to guide policies and provide financial support to research aimed at understanding entrepreneurship and gender.
Gene flow stimulates recovery of reproductive fitness in a captive bred insect
Authors: Stuart Oliver P. , Cleave Rohan , Pearce Kate , Magrath Michael J. L. , Mikheyev Alexander S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Captive breeding can be a useful tool for the management of threatened species, but such programs often begin with a bottleneck which may lower reproductive fitness by increasing inbreeding and allowing deleterious alleles to increase in frequency by reducing effective population size.
Dryococelus australis, the Lord Howe Island stick insect, is a critically endangered insect that has been bred at the Melbourne Zoo in Melbourne, Australia, since shortly after the species was rediscovered in 2001. We analysed a long‐term dataset of phenotypic measurements from this captive breeding program to determine whether reproductive fitness has declined in captivity.
We found a clear signal of decline in direct (egg hatching success) and indirect (egg and nymph size) fitness indicators over time. We compared a captive line descended from the original program founders to a new hybrid line that has recent wild ancestry. The hybrid line showed an immediate improvement in egg hatch rate, suggesting the potential for genetic rescue. Egg and nymph size did not show as dramatic a change, although this line had only existed for just over a single generation at the time of data collection.
These results argue strongly for the regular sourcing of new genetic material from the wild D. australis population to counteract fitness declines in captivity. Aside from benefiting the captive population, this would also improve the prospects of establishing new wild populations in the future, using individuals sourced from captivity.
Associations Between Interleukin‐10 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Sjögren's Syndrome: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lee Young Ho , Song Gwan Gyu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study sought to investigate the association between interleukin‐10 (IL10) polymorphisms and susceptibility to Sjögren's syndrome. A systematic search of the Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify relevant articles from inception to April 2024. No restrictions were placed on race, ethnicity or geographic area, but only studies published in English were included. A meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the association among the IL10‐1082 G/A (rs1800896), ‐819 C/T (rs1800871) and ‐592 C/A (rs1800872) polymorphisms, as well as their haplotypes and the risk of developing Sjögren's syndrome. The included studies involved 998 Sjögren's syndrome patients and 1576 controls. Ten studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis of the IL10‐1082 G/A polymorphism revealed no significant association with Sjögren's syndrome (odds ratio [OR] = 1.115, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.888–1.401, p = 0.343), with stratification by ethnicity yielding consistent results for Europeans and Latin Americans. Similarly, the IL10‐819 C/T polymorphism was not associated with Sjögren's syndrome in any study subjects (OR = 0.859, 95% CI: 0.648–1.138, p = 0.290). The IL10‐592 C allele also exhibited no association with Sjögren's syndrome (OR = 1.131, 95% CI: 0.776–1.646, p = 0.522). However, the GCC carrier status demonstrated a significant association with Sjögren's syndrome across all study subjects (OR = 1.496, 95% CI: 1.200–1.865, p < 0.001), particularly in Europeans (OR = 1.444, 95% CI: 1.085–1.921, p = 0.012) and Latin Americans (OR = 1.324, 95% CI: 1.115–2.366, p = 0.012). A significant protective effect of the homozygous ATA/ATA haplotype on Sjögren's syndrome was found in Europeans (OR = 0.320, 95% CI: 0.121–0.846, p = 0.022).This meta‐analysis indicates a significant link between carrying the GCC haplotype of the IL10‐1082 G/A, ‐819 C/T and ‐592 C/A polymorphisms and an increased susceptibility to Sjögren's syndrome. Conversely, the homozygous ATA/ATA haplotype appears to confer protection against the risk of Sjögren's syndrome, particularly in European populations.
Career success and geographical location: A systematic review and future research agenda
Authors: Wang Huainan , Beigi Mina , Baruch Yehuda 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGeographical location sets the broad scene for people's access to knowledge and resources that are critical for career progression. Acknowledging the importance of location and following calls for a contextualized approach to career studies, an increasing body of literature on career success has incorporated geographical considerations over the past decades. However, this literature remains fragmented across disciplines, and a comprehensive understanding of how location influences individual success is lacking. This gap limits researchers’ ability to explain, predict and interpret the role of geographical location in career success. This gap also impedes a clear understanding of multi‐level influences that shape career outcomes, as location is a critical aspect of the macro context. We conducted a systematic review of 99 empirical studies published from 1970 to 2024, using a multi‐disciplinary, multi‐method and multi‐faceted approach. We developed an integrative model that illuminates how factors embedded in geographical context affect multiple aspects of career success through imprinting, (de)mobilizing and contingency mechanisms. Our review advances knowledge of career success from proximal to distal contexts and offers a shifting perspective of city and national career actors. In addition, it extends several streams of theory and scholarship by revealing the cross‐level effects on individual outcomes. We propose a future research agenda and provide suggestions for general career actors, companies and policymakers.
Exemption and work environment
Authors: Izumi Yutaro , Kawaguchi Daiji , Kuroda Sachiko , Tsubota Taiga 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Labor Standards Act of Japan requires employers to compensate employees based on hours worked, but exemptions apply to specific occupations with agreements between employers and employees. We assess the impact of being exempted on hours worked, earnings, and the physical and mental health conditions of employees. We find that, on average, exempt workers work longer hours and earn more than nonexempt workers, without hurting their health status. We also find, however, that being exempted exacerbates health status when it is applied to employees who do not have discretion in how and when they work.
Attempts to Modify Periodontal Screening Models Based on a Self‐Reported Oral Health Questionnaire in the Medical Care Setting
Authors: Nijland N. , Su N. , Gerdes V. E. A. , Loos B. G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimPeriodontal disease (PD) screening models based on a self‐reported questionnaire were previously established and externally validated. The aim of the present study is to explore whether the screening models could be modified to improve prediction performance; this methodology is called ‘updating’.MethodsUpdating the models for ‘total’ and ‘severe’ PD was performed using two datasets. One dataset from a previous study (n = 155) was used to explore the updating, and a second (n = 187, built for the current study) was used to validate whether updating improved performance. Updating was based on different statistical approaches, including model recalibration and revision. Discrimination and calibration were assessed after updating.ResultsFor ‘total’ PD, the update based on model revision improved its performance. However, still low AUCs were found: 0.64 (0.56–0.73) and 0.61 (0.53–0.69) with corresponding O:E ratios 1.00 (0.80–1.23) and 0.92 (0.75–1.13) in the update and validation cohorts, respectively. For ‘severe’ PD, performance of the original model without update performed still the best; AUCs were 0.72 (0.61–0.83) and 0.75 (0.66–0.84) in the update and validation cohorts, respectively, with corresponding O:E ratios 0.60 (0.38–0.84) and 0.62 (0.42–0.87).ConclusionsThe updating methodology did not further improve the performance of the original ‘severe’ PD screening model; it performed satisfactorily in the medical care setting. Despite updating attempts, the screening model for ‘total’ PD remained sub‐optimal. Screening for ‘severe’ PD can now be implemented in the medical care setting.
Research on Fluidizing of Swirling Transport of Bulk Grain Based on Gas–Solid Coupled Bin Pump
Authors: Zhang Hanshan , Li Yongxiang , Xu Xuemeng , Wei Wenji , Song Hai Hao , Shang Kun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo improve the fluidization state of bulk grain in the bin pump in the conveying process, save the time of sending material and improve the conveying efficiency. Add the swirling device at the inlet of the bin pump, and use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the key parts of the axial flow pneumatic conveying bulk grain particle system and the bin pump to introduce the swirling technology bin pump. Comparison of the two under the same conditions swirling pneumatic conveying pressure of 0.25MPa, 0.3MPa and 0.35MPa when the material length of 13s, 10s, 8s, respectively, compared with the axial conveying material speed were increased by 18.6%, 28.9%, 20.1%; from the inlet of the lead pipe to the exit of the pressure was reduced by 94.58%, 94.55% and 94.65%; the inlet and the outlet of the pressure were reduced by 94.65%; the inlet and the outlet of the pump were reduced by 94.58% and 94.55%, respectively. 94.65%; the gas‐solid two‐phase velocity at the inlet and outlet were improved compared with axial pneumatic conveying, in which the gas‐phase velocity at the inlet was increased by 81.4% on average, the gas‐phase velocity at the outlet was increased by 67.6% on average, the particle velocity at the inlet was increased by 28.9% on average, and the particle velocity at the outlet was increased by 29.2% on average. Through the experiments to compare the two conveying methods, in 0.25MPa, 0.30MPa and 0.35MPa three different pressures under the time used to send material. Swirling pneumatic conveying material speed increased by 19.5%, 30.1%, 23.9%, respectively, the swirling pneumatic conveying material rate is higher than the axial flow pneumatic conveying and the material process is stable.
Transient receptor potential channel 6 knockout ameliorates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Zeng Xixi , Liao Yanhong , Cheng Weiyi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimHepatic fibrosis is a common outcome of chronic liver injury and can eventually lead to cirrhosis, which is a major public health concern. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major producers of extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate the synthesis and decomposition of ECM, but the specific mechanism of them remains unclear. Transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6), a non‐selective cation channel, plays an important role in organic fibrosis. However, the role of TRPC6 in liver fibrosis is rarely studied.MethodsHere, we investigated the function of TRPC6 in the activation of the human hepatic stellate cell line LX‐2 in vitro and bile duct ligation (BDL)‐induced hepatic fibrosis in vivo by western blot, Ca2+ imaging, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsWe first found that TRPC6 was upregulated in fibrotic liver tissues and TRPC6 knockout inhibited BDL‐induced hepatic fibrosis. Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) treatment increased TRPC6 expression and thapsigargin (Tg)‐mediated SOCE in LX‐2 cells, which was decreased by the TRPC6 specific inhibitor SAR7334. Blockage of TRPC6 by SAR7334 or TRPC6‐shRNA transfection attenuated TGF‐β1‐induced LX‐2 cell activation and proliferation via the PI3K/AKT/p70S6K signaling pathway.ConclusionsThese observations suggested that TRPC6 contribute to LX‐2 cell activation and hepatic fibrosis, and downregulation of TRPC6 may become a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis in the future.