bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI-TRUS fusion guided prostate biopsy – initial experience and assessment of the role of contralateral lobe systematic biopsy
Authors: Andras Iulia , Crisan Dana , Cata Emanuel , Tamas-Szora Attila , Caraiani Cosmin , Coman Radu-Tudor , Bungardean Catalina , Mirescu Claudiu , Coman Ioan , Crisan Nicolae 
Published: December 2018

Aims: To present our initial experience and results of MRI-TRUS fusion guided prostate biopsy and assess the role of contralateral lobe systematic biopsy.Material and method: A number of 119 patients with clinical or biochemical suspicion for prostate cancer (PCa) were included. All patients harbored at least one PIRADS score ≥ 3 lesion and underwent MRI-TRUS fusion guided biopsy, as well as a concurrent systematic biopsy. The biopsy was performed by the same operator, using a rigidregistration software system.Results: The mean age of the patients was 62.2 years. The mean pre-biopsy PSA was 9.15 ng/dl. The diagnosis rate of MRI-TRUS fusion guided biopsy was 47% for overall PCa and 29.4% for clinically significant (cs) PCa. A higher PIRADS score was significantly associated with the presence of overall and csPCa. MRI-TRUS fusion guided biopsy had a higher percentage of positive biopsy cores (51% vs 29%), higher likelihood of csPCa (OR 5.36, p=0.008) and upgrading (14.8%) in comparison with systematic biopsy but missed 6.7% csPCa. The contralateral lobe systematic biopsy could have been avoided without losing the PCa diagnosis all patients with PIRADS score 5, both in initial and repeat biopsy setting. Anterior and transitional lesions were more likely to be diagnosed only by targeted cores.Conclusion: MRI-TRUS guided prostate biopsy improves the detection of PCa, but systematic biopsy is still essential. In selected cases (PIRADS 5), contralateral lobe systematic biopsy can safely be avoided. Pre-biopsy mpMRI might reduce the number of biopsy sessions in patients with anterior and transitional lesions.
The Accuracy of the Placement of Wearable Monitors to Classify Sedentary and Stationary Time Under Free-Living Conditions
Authors: Flórez-Pregonero Alberto , Buman Matthew S. , Ainsworth Barbara E. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Published accelerometer cut-points have limited accuracy in measuring sedentary (SED) and stationary time (STA) despite hip or wrist placement. Few studies have evaluated established cut-points to measure SED and STA in free-living settings. Methods: This study evaluated published uniaxial and triaxial cut-points of accelerometers and identified optimal cut-points to measure SED and STA. Twenty participants, ages 18–65, wore three ActiGraph GT3X+ (one on each wrist and the waist) and two GENEActiv accelerometers (one on each wrist) for one weekday and one weekend day during simultaneous direct observation of movement. ActiGraph uniaxial cut-points (50, 100, 150, and 500 counts per minute [cpm]) and GENEActiv vector magnitude cut-points (VMCP; 217 and 386 cpm) were compared against the criterion measure of direct observation. As compared to the criterion, accuracy was determined with mean percent error, Bland-Altman plots, kappa coefficient, sensitivity, and specificity. Receiver operating characteristic curves identified cut-points with greatest discrimination to detect SED and STA. Results: For the GENEActiv, the 217 VMCP was most accurate for measuring SED and STA regardless of which arm wore the monitor. The ActiGraph was most accurate worn on the right hip using 100 and 150 uniaxial cpm to measure STA and 50 cpm to measure SED. Optimal ActiGraph VMCP cut-points to classify SED and STA were ActiGraph 2,000 cpm (left-wrist) and 63 cpm (right hip), respectively. Conclusion: Accuracy of ActiGraph uniaxial cut-points and GENEActiv VMCP is limited in assessing SED in free-living settings. Newer cut-points may increase the accuracy of measuring SED and STA from monitors in free-living settings.
Therapeutic hypothermia for mild neonatal encephalopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kariholu Ujwal , Montaldo Paolo , Markati Theodora , Lally Peter J , Pryce Russell , Teiserskas Justinas , Liow Natasha , Oliveira Vânia , Soe Aung , Shankaran Seetha , Thayyil Sudhin 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo examine if therapeutic hypothermia reduces the composite outcome of death, moderate or severe disability at 18 months or more after mild neonatal encephalopathy (NE).Data sourceMEDLINE, Cochrane database, Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge databases, using ‘hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy’, ‘newborn’ and ‘hypothermia’, and ‘clinical trials’ as medical subject headings and terms. Manual search of the reference lists of all eligible articles and major review articles and additional data from the corresponding authors of selected articles.Study selectionRandomised and quasirandomised controlled trials comparing therapeutic hypothermia with usual care.Data extractionSafety and efficacy data extracted independently by two reviewers and analysed.ResultsWe included the data on 117 babies with mild NE inadvertently recruited to five cooling trials (two whole-body cooling and three selective head cooling) of moderate and severe NE, in the meta-analysis. Adverse outcomes occurred in 11/56 (19.6%) of the cooled babies and 12/61 (19.7%) of the usual care babies (risk ratio 1.11 (95% CIs 0.55 to 2.25)).ConclusionsCurrent evidence is insufficient to recommend routine therapeutic hypothermia for babies with mild encephalopathy and significant benefits or harm cannot be excluded.
Assessment of resistance of nasal continuous positive airway pressure interfaces
Authors: Green Elys Alexandra , Dawson Jennifer Anne , Davis Peter G , De Paoli Antonio G , Roberts Calum Timothy 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo compare the resistance of interfaces used for the delivery of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in neonates, as measured by the generated system pressure at fixed gas flows, in an in vitro setting.DesignGas flows of 6, 8 and 10 L/min were passed through three sizes of each of a selection of available neonatal nasal CPAP interfaces (Hudson prong, RAM Cannula, Fisher & Paykel prong, Infant Flow prong, Fisher & Paykel mask, Infant Flow mask). The expiratory limb was occluded and pressure differential measured using a calibrated pressure transducer.ResultsVariation in resistance, assessed by mean pressure differential, was seen between CPAP interfaces. Binasal prong interfaces typically had greater resistance at the smallest assessed sizes, and with higher gas flows. However, Infant Flow prongs produced low pressures (<1.5 cmH2O) at all sizes and gas flows. RAM Cannula had a high resistance, producing a pressure >4.5 cmH2O at all sizes and gas flows. Both nasal mask interfaces had low resistance at all assessed sizes and gas flows, with recorded pressure <1 cmH2O in all cases.ConclusionsThere is considerable variation in measured resistance of available CPAP interfaces at gas flows commonly applied in clinical neonatal care. Use of interfaces with high resistance may result in a greater drop in delivered airway pressure in comparison to set circuit pressure, which may have implications for clinical efficacy. Device manufacturers and clinicians should consider CPAP interface resistance prior to introduction into routine clinical care.
Hepatitis Service Provision at HMP Birmingham: Progressing a Previous Service Improvement Plan
Authors: Arif Tooba 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionHepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease, and hepatitis C is amenable to treatment. Both are highly prevalent in the prison population. This project provides a comprehensive evaluation of current hepatitis services at Her Majesty’s Prison Birmingham, assessing progress since previous work and proposing further suggestions for improvement.MethodsA review of hepatitis services was undertaken in 2013, in the context of underperformance against national targets. This revealed that the hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis C testing coverage was 22% and 0%, respectively. A resulting service improvement plan included interventions such as the development of a bloodborne virus (BBV) policy, implementing opt-out testing and introducing dried blood spot testing for ease of administration. In 2015, national guidelines were used to evaluate current practice, with comparison to previous practice. The indicators assessed included BBV policy, vaccination and testing protocols, prisoner education and reporting of results. Discussions were held with prison stakeholders to address areas that required development, producing a revised action plan.ResultsHepatitis services were available to all prisoners starting their sentence in 2015, n=4998. Testing was offered on an opt-out basis to all entrants, increasing the testing coverage by 7.6% from 2013. Vaccination was offered to 57% of entrants, with coverage slightly lower than 2013, largely due to prisoner refusal. In light of this, many strategies were devised to educate prisoners, increase opportunities to receive testing and vaccination, and decrease the risk of patients being lost to follow-up. An update in 2016 saw progress in many of these areas.DiscussionBeing in prison provides offenders with stability in their lifestyle and easier access to healthcare services. By optimising these services in line with national guidance, and implementing specific strategies to encourage uptake of hepatitis testing and vaccination, we may be better able to serve this vulnerable sector of the population.
Care bundles for acute kidney injury: a balanced accounting of the impact of implementation in an acute medical unit
Authors: Logan Rachael , Davey Peter , Davie Alison , Grant Suzanne , Tully Vicki , Valluri Achyut , Bell Samira 
Published: December 2018

In 2009, a National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death report detailed significant shortcomings in recognition and management of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). As part of a national collaborative to reduce harm from AKI, the Scottish Patient Safety Programme developed two care bundles to improve response (‘SHOUT’) and review (‘BUMP’) of AKI.Baseline data from eight patients with AKI on the acute medical unit (AMU) in Ninewells Hospital showed 62% compliance with SHOUT. However, most patients were transferred from AMU within 24 hours so BUMP could not be assessed. Our aim was to achieve >95% compliance with SHOUT on AMU within 2 months. The content of the SHOUT bundle was condensed onto a sticker for the case notes, which was implemented using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. Compliance was assessed weekly and feedback obtained from stakeholders concerning their opinion of the sticker, SHOUT bundle and care bundles in general.Use of the sticker was 27% in week 1 but fell to 5% by week 4. Compliance with the bundle varied from 45% to 60% and was only slightly improved by use of the sticker (OR 1.58, 95% CI 0.39 to 6.42). Staff found the sticker burdensome and did not agree that all elements of SHOUT were equally important. This opinion was supported by finding that their compliance with sepsis and hypovolaemia recommendations was 91%–100% throughout, whereas urinalysis was documented in only 55%–63% of patients. Several staff mentioned ‘bundle fatigue’ and on one day we identified 22 other care bundles or structured improvement forms in AMU.We concluded that the AMU staff had legitimate concerns about the SHOUT care bundle and that our intervention was demotivating. Overcoming bundle fatigue will not be a simple task. We plan to work with staff on integrating AKI into patient safety huddles and on using modelling and recognition of good practice to improve motivation.
Serum metabolites detect the presence of advanced fibrosis in derivation and validation cohorts of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Caussy Cyrielle , Ajmera Veeral H , Puri Puneet , Hsu Cynthia Li-Shin , Bassirian Shirin , Mgdsyan Mania , Singh Seema , Faulkner Claire , Valasek Mark A , Rizo Emily , Richards Lisa , Brenner David A , Sirlin Claude B , Sanyal Arun J , Loomba Rohit 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveNon-invasive and accurate diagnostic tests for the screening of disease severity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain a major unmet need. Therefore, we aimed to examine if a combination of serum metabolites can accurately predict the presence of advanced fibrosis.DesignThis is a cross-sectional analysis of a prospectivederivationcohort including 156 well-characterised patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and twovalidationcohorts, including (1) 142 patients assessed using MRI elastography (MRE) and(2) 59 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD with untargeted serum metabolome profiling.ResultsIn thederivationcohort, 23 participants (15%) had advanced fibrosis and 32 of 652 analysed metabolites were significantly associated with advanced fibrosis after false-discovery rate adjustment. Among the top 10 metabolites, 8 lipids (5alpha-androstan-3beta monosulfate, pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, androsterone sulfate, epiandrosterone sulfate, palmitoleate, dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate, 5alpha-androstan-3beta disulfate, glycocholate), one amino acid (taurine) and one carbohydrate (fucose) were identified. The combined area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the top 10 metabolite panel was higher than FIB--4 and NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS) for the detection of advanced fibrosis: 0.94 (95% CI 0.897 to 0.982) versus 0.78 (95% CI0.674 to 0.891), p=0.002 and versus 0.84 (95% CI 0.724 to 0.929), p=0.017, respectively. The AUROC of the top 10 metabolite panel remained excellent in the independent validation cohorts assessed by MRE or liver biopsy: c-statistic of 0.94 and 0.84, respectively.ConclusionA combination of 10 serum metabolites demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability for the detection of advanced fibrosis in anderivationand two independentvalidationcohorts with greater diagnostic accuracy than the FIB-4-index and NFS. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that a non-invasive blood-based diagnostic test can provide excellent performance characteristics for the detection of advanced fibrosis.
Current transport for a spatially periodic potential system with color noises
Authors: Ning Lijuan , Wang Jie 
Published: December 2018

The transport of an underdamped particle driven by an external force in a periodic asymmetric potential with color noises is investigated. The corresponding mathematical model is established. By the method of the numerical simulation, we present the movement of the steady current of underdamped particles. Different parameters have different influences on current transport, such as increasing or decreasing. It is shown that the cooperations among the external force and the noises parameter lead to the phenomena: when the external force is not zero, the large external force may cause the large current value or the absolute value of the current. The current value is due to the effect of the cooperations of external force and noise parameter.
Age of the Acadian deformation and Devonian granites in northern England: a review
Authors: Woodcock Nigel H. , Jack Soper N. , Miles Andrew J. 
Published: December 2018

Field evidence shows that emplacement of Devonian granites in northern England overlaps in space and time with the end of the supposed Acadian deformation in their country rocks. The age of this Acadian event in England and Wales is in need of review because of revised Rb-Sr and K-Ar decay constants and recently acquired radiometric ages on the granites.
Published K-Ar and Ar-Ar cleavage ages recalculated to the new decay constants range from 404 to 394 Ma (Emsian, Early Devonian). Emplacement of the Skiddaw and Weardale granites at 398.8 ± 0.4 and 399.3 ± 0.7 Ma respectively is indicated by U-Pb zircon ages, and is compatible with the field evidence. However, emplacement of the Shap Granite at a Re-Os molybdenite age of 405.2 ± 1.8 Ma and at the youngest U-Pb zircon age of 403 ± 8 Ma matches the field evidence less well. The apparent paradox in these ages is resolved if the K-Ar ages record only the end of millions of years of cleavage formation. An earlier cluster of K-Ar and Ar-Ar cleavage ages at 426–420 Ma (Ludlow to Přídolí, late Silurian) dates a pre-Acadian resetting event soon after Iapetus closure, an event of uncertain significance.
Ion microprobe U-Pb zircon ages for the Shap Granite have a mean of 415.6 ± 1.4 Ma but a range of 428–403 Ma, compatible with a long magmatic history. Thermal considerations suggest that this history was not at the upper crustal emplacement site but in a mid-crustal mush zone, now preserved at about 10 km depth as a component of the Lake District and North Pennine batholiths.
The Paleozoic petroleum system in the north of Scotland – outcrop analogues
Authors: Brown John Flett , Astin Tim R. , Marshall John E. A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
All of the components of an exhumed Devonian petroleum system occur in Orkney. These include a good quality mature source rock to bitumen-bearing sandstone reservoirs, with several separate accumulations that could have held about 1.88 billion barrels of oil. The exhumed system presents an excellent analogue for deeply buried petroleum systems offshore. Whilst lighter oils are now absent, reported oil shows occur, commonly associated with faults cutting the Eday Group. On Orkney, Middle Devonian source rocks (750 m thick) were thick lacustrine laminites (fish beds) representing some 30% of the sequence. RockEval and vitrinite analyses show the organic matter is good quality Type I and II and within the early oil window. These source rocks underwent burial until Permian inversion. Several exhumed reservoirs occur on Orkney in aeolian and fluvial sandstones with porosities from 15 to 25%. These reservoirs have been ‘breached’, losing the light-end hydrocarbons, leaving pore space oil stain and bitumen residues. Thin fluvial and sheet-floods sands found within the lake cycles have bitumen residues and provided connectivity between the thicker reservoir units. All types of trap are found including a major, broad anticline running north–south on Mainland Orkney and an unconformity with fault traps and pinchouts.
Tso Morari coesite eclogite: pseudosection predictions v. the preserved record and implications for tectonometamorphic models
Authors: O'Brien Patrick J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Ultrahigh-pressure eclogites of the Tso Morari area, NW Himalaya (Ladakh, India), have been intensively investigated petrographically and petrologically with surprisingly different results. Metamorphic subduction paths based on mineral isopleths in pressure–temperature pseudosections in some studies claim concave (to the temperature axis) pressure–temperature paths predicting significant Ca–Mg–Fe garnet growth in the lawsonite and glaucophane fields: a prediction at odds with abundant epidote/clinozoisite and sodic-calcic amphibole inclusions in garnet interiors more probable along a convex path. One study deduced strong heating still at high pressures and proposed a felsic diapir rising through the mantle wedge: an explanation strongly at odds with well-documented glaucophane cores to barroisite replacing matrix omphacite requiring a cold exhumation most likely back up the subduction channel. In addition, matrix magnesite rimmed by dolomite suggests pressures well into the coesite (if not diamond) stability field: something neglected in most studies. Despite the application of modern analytical and thermodynamic modelling tools, the peak conditions attained by Tso Morari ultrahigh-pressure rocks are often poorly deduced and at odds with simple observations. Is this problem perhaps hindering the reliable identification of new ultrahigh-pressure terranes?
Structural and thermochronological studies of the Almora klippe, Kumaun, NW India: implications for crustal thickening and exhumation of the NW Himalaya
Authors: Puniya M. K. , Patel R. C. , Pant P. D. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Crystalline klippen over the Lesser Himalayan Metasedimentary Sequence (LHMS) zone in the NW Himalaya have specific syn- and post-emplacement histories. These tectonics also provide a means to understand the driving factors responsible for the exhumation of the rocks of crystalline klippen during the Himalayan Orogeny. New meso- and microscale structural analyses, and thermochronological studies across the LHMS zone, Ramgarh Thrust (RT) sheet and Almora klippe in the eastern Kumaun region, NW Himalaya, indicate that the RT sheet and Almora klippe were a part of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) of the Indian Plate which underwent at least one episode of pre-Himalayan deformation and polyepisodic Himalayan deformation in ductile and brittle–ductile regimes. The deformation temperature pattern within the Almora klippe records a normal thermal profile from its base to top but an inverted thermal profile from the base of Almora klippe down towards the LHMS zone. New fission-track data collected across the RT sheet and Almora klippe along Chalthi–Champawat–Pithoragarh traverse in the east Kumaun region document the exhumation of both units since Eocene times. Zircon fission-track (ZFT) ages from the Almora klippe range between 28.7 ± 2.4 and 17.6 ± 1.1 Ma, and from the RT sheet between 29.8 ± 1.6 and 22.6 ± 1.9 Ma; and the apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from the Almora klippe range between 15.1 ± 1.7 and 3.4 ± 0.5 Ma, and from the RT sheet between 8.7 ± 1.2 and 4.6 ± 0.6 Ma. The age pattern and diverse patterns of the exhumation rates reflect a clear tectonic signal in the RT sheet and the Almora klippe which acknowledge that the Cenozoic tectonics influenced the exhumation pattern in the Himalaya.
Cretaceous building sandstones in northern Germany
Authors: Ehling Angela 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Cretaceous sandstones occur mainly in the north and NE of Germany. Some of them have been quarried for more than a thousand years and they have been transported to other regions, even abroad, from as early as medieval times. These are the Elbe Sandstones in Saxony, the Wealden Sandstones and the Bentheimer Sandstone in Lower Saxony and the Baumberger Sandstone in North Rhein-Westfalia. All of these are still quarried, and all can be used as building stone as well as for sculptures. They are introduced with their special features and their use over the centuries.
Human-level saccade detection performance using deep neural networks
Authors: Bellet Marie E. , Bellet Joachim , Nienborg Hendrikje , Hafed Ziad M. , Berens Philipp 
Published: December 2018

Saccades are ballistic eye movements that rapidly shift gaze from one location of visual space to another. Detecting saccades in eye movement recordings is important not only for studying the neural mechanisms underlying sensory, motor, and cognitive processes, but also as a clinical and diagnostic tool. However, automatically detecting saccades can be difficult, particularly when such saccades are generated in coordination with other tracking eye movements, like smooth pursuits, or when the saccade amplitude is close to eye tracker noise levels, like with microsaccades. In such cases, labeling by human experts is required, but this is a tedious task prone to variability and error. We developed a convolutional neural network to automatically detect saccades at human-level accuracy and with minimal training examples. Our algorithm surpasses state of the art according to common performance metrics and could facilitate studies of neurophysiological processes underlying saccade generation and visual processing. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Detecting saccades in eye movement recordings can be a difficult task, but it is a necessary first step in many applications. We present a convolutional neural network that can automatically identify saccades with human-level accuracy and with minimal training examples. We show that our algorithm performs better than other available algorithms, by comparing performance on a wide range of data sets. We offer an open-source implementation of the algorithm as well as a web service.