bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reappraising academic and social adversity improves middle school students’ academic achievement, behavior, and well-being
Authors: Borman Geoffrey D. , Rozek Christopher S. , Pyne Jaymes , Hanselman Paul 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Without social and emotional support, adolescent students who have recently made the difficult transition to middle school experience decreased social belonging, waning academic performance, and increased risk of dropping out. This randomized field trial, conducted at scale across a Midwestern school district, reveals how a psychologically precise intervention for students supported transitioning sixth graders. Intervention materials taught students that middle school adversity is common, short-lived, and due to external, temporary causes rather than personal inadequacies. As a result, students realized improved social and psychological well-being, fewer absences and disciplinary infractions, and higher grade point averages. Implemented at scale, this intervention holds potential to help to address the widespread academic underperformance by the nation’s transitioning middle school students.
High-speed AFM reveals subsecond dynamics of cardiac thin filaments upon Ca
2+
activation and heavy meromyosin binding
Authors: Matusovsky Oleg S. , Mansson Alf , Persson Malin , Cheng Yu-Shu , Rassier Dilson E. 
Published: July 2019

Significance
The advent of high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) changed the field of biology considerably. HS-AFM is the only method where in situ dynamics of biological samples and imaging can be coupled with a spatial resolution of 1 to 5 nm in the horizontal direction. Unlike electron or cryo-electron microscopy, HS-AFM does not require fixation or freezing of the samples, and has the ability to derive kinetic parameters by recording the live movements of single-molecule dynamics. In this paper, we used HS-AFM to investigate directly the mechanisms of cardiac muscle activation. We visualized the muscle regulatory tropomyosin–troponin complex movements during activation by calcium or myosin (motor that drives contraction), and the structural transitions that happen during these events.
Radiokrypton unveils dual moisture sources of a deep desert aquifer
Authors: Yokochi Reika , Ram Roi , Zappala Jake C. , Jiang Wei , Adar Eilon , Bernier Ryan , Burg Avihu , Dayan Uri , Lu Zheng-Tian , Mueller Peter , Purtschert Roland , Yechieli Yoseph 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Paleoprecipitation records and subsurface water storage properties are essential data ingredients for accurate hydroclimate and water balance projections. Although both types of data could be extracted from groundwater, their application over long timescales had been limited by the lack of appropriate chronometers. We used a long-lived radiokrypton isotope and identified two distinct moisture source contributions to a deep desert aquifer from low eccentricity periods, one recent and the other 360 ky ago. The groundwater recharge periods show the sensitivity of the moisture transport processes to orbital forcing, whereas the long storage reflects subsurface flow attenuation exerted by faults. Krypton-81 enables groundwater to serve as a direct record of paleoprecipitation over land and of subsurface water storage for the past 1,300 ky.
Personal infidelity and professional conduct in 4 settings
Authors: Griffin John M. , Kruger Samuel , Maturana Gonzalo 
Published: July 2019

Significance
The relative importance of personal traits compared with context for predicting behavior is a long-standing issue in psychology. This debate plays out in a practical way every time an employer, voter, or other decision maker has to infer expected professional conduct based on observed personal behavior. Despite its theoretical and practical importance, there is little academic consensus on this question. We fill this void with evidence connecting personal infidelity to professional behavior in 4 different settings.
Energy conversion via metal nanolayers
Authors: Boamah Mavis D. , Lozier Emilie H. , Kim Jeongmin , Ohno Paul E. , Walker Catherine E. , Miller Thomas F. , Geiger Franz M. 
Published: July 2019

Significance
This work reports kinetic:electrical energy transduction using nanolayers formed in a single step from Earth-abundant elements. The method utilizes large-area physical vapor deposition onto rigid or flexible substrates that can be readily scaled to arbitrarily large areas. In addition to flowing aqueous droplets across the nanolayers, current is shown to be created either with linear flow of salinity gradients or with oscillatory flow of a constant salinity. The operational requirement of having to move a dynamically changing electrical double layer (a “gate”) across the nanostructure identified in prior approaches is confirmed for the structures and augmented by a need for electron transfer within the thermal oxide nanooverlayers terminating the metals. The simplicity of the approach allows for rapid implementation.
In vitro 0N4R tau fibrils contain a monomorphic β-sheet core enclosed by dynamically heterogeneous fuzzy coat segments
Authors: Dregni Aurelio J. , Mandala Venkata S. , Wu Haifan , Elkins Matthew R. , Wang Harrison K. , Hung Ivan , DeGrado William F. , Hong Mei 
Published: July 2019

Significance
The microtubule-binding protein tau misfolds into filamentous aggregates in many neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the structure and dynamics of tau fibrils is important for designing anti-tau inhibitors. Patient-brain-derived tau fibrils have been shown to adopt disease-specific molecular conformations, but in vitro heparin-fibrillized tau was recently proposed to exhibit significant structural polymorphism. Using solid-state NMR, we show that the β-sheet core of heparin-fibrillized 0N4R tau adopts a single molecular conformation that encompasses the second and third microtubule-binding repeats, and both cysteine residues in the protein are involved in side-chain packing with other β-sheet residues. Extensive characterization of the protein dynamics indicates that these tau fibrils are heterogeneously dynamic, and the first and fourth microtubule-binding repeats are semirigid while retaining β-sheet character.
Anomalous relaxation and the high-temperature structure factor of XXZ spin chains
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sarang , Vasseur Romain , Ware Brayden 
Published: July 2019

Significance
The XXZ model is a canonical model of quantum magnetism. In one dimension, this model is integrable and has ballistically moving quasiparticles; thus, energy spreads ballistically, but, surprisingly, spin transport can be diffusive or superdiffusive. Here, we show that spin transport is even richer in the presence of a magnetic field: Some fraction of the spin moves out ballistically, but the dynamical spin-structure factor decays with an anomalous, continuously varying exponent. A hitherto-unnoticed phase transition takes place at finite fields, separating ballistic from subballistic decay of local correlations. We analytically derive these results using generalized hydrodynamics and support our findings numerically. These anomalous exponents can readily be measured via the frequency and wavevector dependence of the spin conductivity.
Moving beyond Perceived Riskiness: Marijuana-Related Beliefs and Marijuana use in Adolescents
Authors: Chadi Nicholas , Levy Sharon , Weitzman Elissa R. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Perceived riskiness of marijuana in adolescents has been trending downward in the context of increasing legality and availability. Low perceived riskiness has been associated with marijuana use though evidence is lacking on associations among use and more specific claims about marijuana's safety and benefit, improved understanding of which could guide clinical interventions to reduce use. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional survey data collected from 502 adolescents aged 14–18 years recruited from an urban adolescent primary care clinic. Self-report questionnaires were administered via tablet computer. Use of marijuana was assessed with a brief validated screening tool, and agreement with each of five statements about marijuana's riskiness and health properties were reported using a four-point Likert scale. We conducted multivariable logistic regressions to determine the association between perceived riskiness and other marijuana-related beliefs and past-year marijuana use. Results: In total, 149 adolescents reported past-year marijuana use (29.7%). High overall perceived risk was associated with lower rates of past-year use (AOR 0.27, 95%CI: 0.15–0.48). Agreement with positive health beliefs that “marijuana can help teenagers focus in school” and that “marijuana is safe because it's natural” were associated with past-year marijuana use (respectively, AOR 5.50, 95%CI: 3.06–9.88 and AOR 6.61, 95%CI: 3.59–12.19) while agreement with negative health beliefs that “marijuana can affect youth even after they don't feel high anymore” and that “marijuana can be addictive” were both associated with lower rates of use (AOR 0.56, 95%CI: 0.31–0.99, and AOR 0.30, 95%CI: 0.16–0.56, respectively), adjusting for sociodemographic factors and use of other substances. Conclusions: Marijuana use varied in association with beliefs about its beneficial and harmful health properties. Clinical interventions that target specific marijuana-related health beliefs including unfounded claims of benefit may provide robust talking points for centering provider guidance and public health messaging.
A review of energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials: state-of-the-art a decade later (2008–2018)
Authors: Safaei Mohsen , Sodano Henry A , Anton Steven R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Energy harvesting technologies have been explored by researchers for more than two decades as an alternative to conventional power sources (e.g. batteries) for small-sized and low-power electronic devices. The limited life-time and necessity for periodic recharging or replacement of batteries has been a consistent issue in portable, remote, and implantable devices. Ambient energy can usually be found in the form of solar energy, thermal energy, and vibration energy. Amongst these energy sources, vibration energy presents a persistent presence in nature and manmade structures. Various materials and transduction mechanisms have the ability to convert vibratory energy to useful electrical energy, such as piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and electrostatic generators. Piezoelectric transducers, with their inherent electromechanical coupling and high power density compared to electromagnetic and electrostatic transducers, have been widely explored to generate power from vibration energy sources. A topical review of piezoelectric energy harvesting methods was carried out and published in this journal by the authors in 2007. Since 2007, countless researchers have introduced novel materials, transduction mechanisms, electrical circuits, and analytical models to improve various aspects of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices. Additionally, many researchers have also reported novel applications of piezoelectric energy harvesting technology in the past decade. While the body of literature in the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting has grown significantly since 2007, this paper presents an update to the authors’ previous review paper by summarizing the notable developments in the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting through the past decade.
Integration of urban agriculture in public areas. The case of the ex-military camp “Karatassiou” in Thessaloniki
Authors: Maknea K I , Tzortzi-J.Georgi N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The increase in interest in urban cultivation of edible eco-products has been the principle of the creation of movements and various groups of initiatives with a focus on agriculture, public health and information. Their aim is to return to nature, address the nutritional economy, organic nutrition, social relationships, and acquire specialist knowledge. The claim for the creation of urban agriculture areas such as public gardens and more specifically in inactive camps is based on ecologically sustainable and socially equitable development, the use of available natural resources in a sustainable manner and the rehabilitation of the bioclimatic intervention site.
As a case study was selected, the inactive camp (area of 689.000 m2), where the self-managed venture of the group “Peri-urban Cultivators” was developed. The aim is, to acquire a triple role in the area: green vegetable garden, recreation area and leisure park, without disturbing the historicity. The proposal is based on the principle of simplicity, using native flora, recyclable and eco-friendly materials and the existing infrastructure. Particular gravity was given to preserve the existing balance of space, with the functions, which have developed over time.
The elements of originality of the present work are identified by the use of more methodological tools such as: recording and analysis of existing state of the site, processing of questionnaires distributed to the self-managing group of growers and lastly, the processing of results from the open consultation of the municipality with the society the future sustainable development of the site.
Questions were used with elements of landscape architecture design focusing on: approaching the view of the general ecological park design and expanding and shaping the vegetable gardens with social and sustainable criteria. The results of the survey were elaborated using the statistical program S.P.S.S. highlighting the bases for a balanced proposal to redevelop an inactive camp. The research has highlighted the mistakes of the past in many areas and has mobilized the world with the aim of surviving or improving its life, in terms of quality and not just quantity. It also highlighted the sensitivity of the world to the environment and its preference for the use of eco-products.
Assessing the impact of selective demolition techniques on C&D waste management
Authors: Ruggeri M , Pantini S , Rigamonti L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Construction and demolition (C&D) waste is one of the heaviest and most voluminous waste streams generated nowadays in the world. Improper management of C&D waste often results in considerable environmental impacts. This study investigates the potential environmental impacts related to the end-of-life stage of buildings, focusing on how the use of different demolition techniques can influence the performances of the entire system of waste management. The main aim is to investigate if and how the environmental impacts associated to the selective demolition, that may be even higher than the ones associated to traditional techniques, are compensated by the benefits deriving from the waste recovery, reuse and recycling, that selective demolition is expected to maximize. The Life Cycle Assessment methodology is used to analyse and compare different scenarios: a selective demolition scenario for a residential building is compared with a traditional demolition one. Primary site-specific data supplied by demolition companies has been used. Indeed, unexpectedly, the selective demolition scenario results worse than the traditional one. Actions to improve the selective demolition have thus been identified.
Impact of vehicular emissions in an urban area of the Po valley by microscale simulation with the GRAL dispersion model
Authors: Fabbi S , Asaro S , Bigi A , Teggi S , Ghermandi G 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This work sets out the test of the GRAL model (Graz Lagrangian Model, vs.18.1) in the urban area of Modena (Po valley, Northern Italy). The simulation domain sizes 2 000 x 3 000 m2 and it features ‘microscale’ cells of 4 x 4 m2. The simulation focuses on an intersection featured by large traffic flows next to a school and a regulatory air quality monitoring station classified as an urban traffic site. The model is a lagrangian particle dispersion model and it takes into account the presence of buildings as obstacles and generating microscale wind fields accordingly, making this class of model suitable for investigating spatial pattern of atmospheric pollution in urban areas where local accumulation might occur. The simulation investigates traffic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) over the period October 29 to November 10, 2016, when direct measurements of traffic flow were collected by four one-channel doppler radar traffic counters. These counters provided continuous estimate of vehicle length, speed and number. These latter data were combined with available traffic flows at rush hour by PTV VISUM mobility software and the fleet composition of the municipality to estimate the total NOx emissions by vehicular traffic over the roads included in the simulation domain. NOx simulated concentrations showed a moderate correlation with the NOx observations at the nearby monitoring site. To have a better insight on the potential and the limitations of the GRAL model, its results will be compared with the output of the lagrangian particle dispersion model PMSS over the same area.
Chameleon Building
Authors: Mandaglio M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The research lines that are outlined for the next few years identify the most promising innovation territory for the development of resilient envelopes in materials and construction systems. In the last two decades, this research lines has fuelled the development and then the entry on the market of different materials supported by a growing demand for resilience and characterized by the adoption of different approaches: from the design of the same material to the modification of some of its characteristics, obtained by technological transfer both within the same building sector, both from other sectors already tested, from the “eco-active” ones to obtain self-cleaning surfaces, up to PCM Phase Change Material, TIM Transparent Insulation Material, Aerogel, ETFE Ethylene, a polymer made of a translucent and resilient plastic film an air cushion that inflates and deflates according to weather conditions. To this, adds the strong contribution of SMART systems that produce sensitive and responsive envelopes that define its new resilient character. Another approach inherent in the adaptive requisite of buildings is that following the dictates of Biomimetic, it directs studies towards the realization of iridescent facades in the material-functional and language responses, to the different solicitations deriving from the contexts.
Assuming nature as a model, measurement we study materials and components that react to environmental stimuli in an organic and passive way. These highly adaptive strategies could substantially contribute to the realization of resilient envelopes. The use of innovative materials and systems would therefore in a certain sense “tune” the building to the climate, in fact with the right sensors and controls the building is able to respond to weather conditions in real time.
Thermal performance evaluation of a low-cost housing ceiling prototype made with gypsum and sisal fibre panels
Authors: Pinto C C , Carvalho R F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Social housing needs and constructive demands required new constructive solutions based on the use of innovative materials, aiming energy efficiency, reducing waste, maintains of buildings and pollutants such as CO2. The composites materials with a ceramic matrix and fibres as reinforcement originate materials widely used in building industry. However, the study of the thermal performance of these composites materials as a ceiling prototype panels contributes to the determination of the internal temperatures and thermal comfort achieve by the social house. The present research had the purpose of conceiving and evaluating the thermal performance of a low-cost ceiling prototype panels made of a gypsum composite reinforced with sisal nonwoven (“in nature”), located in Salvador, Napoli, Barcelona and Marseille, by means of computer simulations for testing the improvements of the original gypsum ceiling. Among the composites used in this study are the following conformations: gypsum-sisal-gypsum (GMG), gypsum-sisal-sisal-gypsum (GMMG), gypsum-sisal-gypsum-sisal-gypsum (GMGMG). From obtained results, general guidelines were drawn for improving indoor comfort condition for summer at each location.
An overview on contemporary rammed earth buildings: technological advances in production, construction and material characterization
Authors: Giuffrida G , Caponetto R , Cuomo M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Raw earth is a traditional material used worldwide in vernacular architectures. For its wide availability, recyclability and low embodied energy in its life cycle, earth is acknowledged as one of the most environmentally sustainable material. Earth construction diffusion has been slowed by the lack of broadly accepted standards. Due to it, earth has been used as an artisanal material or adapted to existing technologies in combination with high embodied energy materials as steel, concrete and EPS or PU insulations (as in rammed earth technique, from now on RE). Aim of the research is to propose an innovative RE constructive technology, more coherent with the sustainable features of the base material, which can reach the high performances and the quality target required by the constructions sector using a low-tech prefabrication process. Prefabrication of RE elements can also reduce the construction times and the risks of technological faults, enhancing the quality of the entire building. The basic idea is to create manageable and transportable rammed earth panels with superior mechanical and thermal performances. The prefabrication under controlled conditions ensures a high-quality product which can be combined, on site, with a reinforcing timber structure with anti-seismic function. A characterization campaign on different local soils has been performed in order to implement the desired RE elements. The soils have been analysed with a set of geotechnical tests and qualitative assessments in order to detect their suitability for constructions. Once a suitable soil has been identified, a physical and / or chemical stabilization is needed to improve the physical features, mechanical characteristics and thermal properties of the natural soil. In the last section of the paper, the first results on natural local soil and engineered soil (an optimized mix of soil, sand and gravel) are presented and compared to identify a suitable material for the RE panel.