bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multifaceted Intervention Improves Prescribing for Acute Respiratory Infection for Adults and Children in Emergency Department and Urgent Care Settings
Authors: Yadav Kabir , Meeker Daniella , Mistry Rakesh D. , Doctor Jason N. , Fleming‐Dutra Katherine E. , Fleischman Ross J. , Gaona Samuel D. , Stahmer Aubyn , May Larissa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics are commonly prescribed during emergency department (ED) and urgent care center (UCC) visits for viral acute respiratory infection (ARI). We evaluate the comparative effectiveness of an antibiotic stewardship intervention adapted for acute care ambulatory settings (adapted intervention) to a stewardship intervention that additionally incorporates behavioral nudges (enhanced intervention) in reducing inappropriate prescriptions.MethodsThis study was a pragmatic, cluster‐randomized clinical trial conducted in three academic health systems comprising five adult and pediatric EDs and four UCCs. Randomization of the nine sites was stratified by health system; all providers at each site received either the adapted or the enhanced intervention. The main outcome was the proportion of antibiotic‐inappropriate ARI diagnosis visits that received an outpatient antibiotic prescription by individual providers. We estimated a hierarchical mixed‐effects logistic regression model comparing visits during the influenza season for 2016 to 2017 (baseline) and 2017 to 2018 (intervention).ResultsThere were 44,820 ARI visits among 292 providers across all nine cluster sites. Antibiotic prescribing for ARI visits dropped from 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.5% to 7.9%) to 2.4% (95% CI = 1.3% to 3.4%) during the study period. We found a significant reduction in inappropriate prescribing after adjusting for health‐system and provider‐level effects from 2.2% (95% CI = 1.0% to 3.4%) to 1.5% (95% CI = 0.7% to 2.3%) with an odds ratio of 0.67 (95% CI = 0.54 to 0.82). Difference‐in‐differences between the two interventions was not significantly different.ConclusionImplementation of antibiotic stewardship for ARI is feasible and effective in the ED and UCC settings. More intensive behavioral nudging methods were not more effective in high‐performance settings.
Metformin overdose: A serious iatrogenic complication—Western France Poison Control Centre Data Analysis
Authors: Stevens Alexandre , Hamel Jean‐François , Toure Ali , Hadjadj Samy , Boels David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise across the world. Metformin is still considered the “gold standard” and is, therefore, increasingly prescribed. Monitoring of metformin continues to be debated because of its association with lactic acidosis (MALA), a rare but life‐threatening complication. The aim of this study was to identify the main individual characteristics associated with severe poisoning in self‐poisonings and therapeutic accidents reported at the Western France Poison Control Centre (PCC).MethodsRetrospective study of metformin poisoning from September 1999 to September 2016 at the Western France PCC recorded in the French PCC’s database (SICAP). The end‐point was clinically high severity (mortality and/or cardiovascular shock and/or GCS ≤ 7/15).ResultsOf the 382 cases included, 197 concerned acute accidental exposures, 127 self‐poisonings and 58 therapeutic accidents. MALA concerned 63 patients: 44 therapeutic accidents and 19 self‐poisonings. High severity concerned 59 patients: 47 therapeutic accidents and 12 self‐poisonings. T2D and age > 60 significantly increase the risk of high severity (OR 7.7, CI [1.54‐38.41]; P = 0.013; OR 3.5, CI [1.60‐7.84]; P = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsMetformin may lead to MALA and severe poisoning in therapeutic accidents but also in self‐poisoning circumstances. Among reported cases, T2D history and age >60 increase the risk of serious poisoning. Monitoring of their treatment should be taken seriously especially in the event of digestive symptoms such as diarrhoea.
Daratumumab and dexamethasone is safe and effective for triple refractory myeloma patients: final results of the IFM 2014‐04 (Etoile du Nord) trial
Authors: Boyle Eileen M. , Leleu Xavier , Petillon Marie‐Odile , Karlin Lionel , Doyen Chantal , Demarquette Hélène , Royer Bruno , Macro Margaret , Moreau Philippe , Fostier Karel , Marie‐Lorraine Chretien , Zarnitsky Charles , Perrot Aurore , Herbaux Charles , Poulain Stephanie , Manier Salomon , Beauvais David , Walker Brian A. , Wardell Christopher P. , Vincent Laure , Frenzel Laurent , Caillon Hélène , Susanna Schraen , Dejoie Thomas , Avet‐Loiseau Hervé , Mohty Mohamad , Facon Thierry ,   the IFM2014‐04 investigators
Published: June 2019

SummarySingle agent daratumumab has shown clinical activity in relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). The Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome 2014‐04 trial was designed to further investigate daratumumab in combination with dexamethasone in triple RRMM patients. Patients received daratumumab infusions in combination with weekly dexamethasone until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Fifty‐seven patients were included in the trial and evaluable for response. The overall response rate and the clinical benefit rate were 33% (n = 19) and 48% (n = 27), respectively. Five (8·8%) patients achieved a very good partial response or better. The median time to response was 4 weeks. For responding patients, the median progression‐free survival was 6·6 months, compared to 3·7 months (3·0–5·5) for those with a minimal or stable disease. The median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 16·7 months (11·2–24·0). For responding patients, the median OS was 23·23 months, whereas that of patients with progressive disease was 2·97 months. The incidence of infusion‐related reactions was 37%; all cases were manageable and did not lead to dose reduction or permanent treatment discontinuation. These data demonstrate that treatment with daratumumab and dexamethasone results in a meaningful long‐term benefit with an acceptable safety profile for patients with triple RRMM.
Successional loss of two key food tree species best explains decline in group size of Panamanian howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata)
Authors: Milton Katharine , Armitage David W. , Sousa Wayne P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNegative impacts of discrete, short‐term disturbances to wildlife populations are well‐documented. The consequences of more gradual environmental change are less apparent and harder to study because they play out over longer periods and are often indirect in their action. Yet, they can drive the decline of wildlife populations even in seemingly pristine and currently well‐protected habitats. One such environmental change is a successional shift in a community's species composition as it regenerates from disturbance caused by past human land use. Early and middle successional tree species often provide key foods to folivores and frugivores, but the abundance of these resources drops as the forest matures, with adverse repercussions for these consumers. Our 44‐year record (1974–2018) of howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) group sizes and demographic composition from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, a protected reserve, documents an example of this phenomenon. After 70 years of relative stability, the mean size of howler monkey groups exhibited a marked decline, beginning in 2003. This downward trajectory in group size has continued through the most recent census in 2018. The composition of howler groups also changed significantly during the study period, with the patterns of decline differing among age/sex classes. There is no evidence that these changes were caused by increased rates of emigration, group fission, predation, parasitism, or disease. Rather, they are best explained by an island‐wide, succession‐driven decline in the densities of two species of free‐standing fig trees, Ficus yoponensis and F. insipida, which together were providing ~36% of BCI howlers’ annual diet.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
FARM: Functional Automatic Registration Method for 3D Human Bodies
Authors: Marin R. , Melzi S. , Rodolà E. , Castellani U. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe introduce a new method for non‐rigid registration of 3D human shapes. Our proposed pipeline builds upon a given parametric model of the human, and makes use of the functional map representation for encoding and inferring shape maps throughout the registration process. This combination endows our method with robustness to a large variety of nuisances observed in practical settings, including non‐isometric transformations, downsampling, topological noise and occlusions; further, the pipeline can be applied invariably across different shape representations (e.g. meshes and point clouds), and in the presence of (even dramatic) missing parts such as those arising in real‐world depth sensing applications. We showcase our method on a selection of challenging tasks, demonstrating results in line with, or even surpassing, state‐of‐the‐art methods in the respective areas.
A spatially explicit empirical model of structural development processes in natural forests based on climate and topography
Authors: Yamaura Yuichi , Lindenmayer David , Yamada Yusuke , Gong Hao , Matsuura Toshiya , Mitsuda Yasushi , Masaki Takashi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStand structure develops with stand age. Old‐growth forests with well‐developed stand structure support many species. However, development rates of stand structure likely vary with climate and topography. We modeled structural development of 4 key stand variables and a composite old‐growth index as functions of climatic and topographic covariates. We used a hierarchical Bayesian method for analysis of extensive snap‐shot National Forest Inventory (NFI) data in Japan (n= 9244) to account for differences in stand age. Development rates of structural variables and the old‐growth index exhibited curvilinear responses to environmental covariates. Flat sites were characterized by high rates of structural development. Approximately 150 years were generally required to attain high values (approximately 0.8) of the old‐growth index. However, the predicted age to achieve specific values varied depending on environmental conditions. Spatial predictions highlighted regional variation in potential structural development rates. For example, sometimes there were differences of >100 years among sites, even in the same catchment, in attainment of a medium index value (0.5) after timber harvesting. The NFI data suggested that natural forests, especially old natural forests (>150 years), remain generally on unproductive ridges, steep slopes, or areas with low temperature and deep snow, where many structural variables show slow development rates. We suggest that maintenance and restoration of old natural forests on flat sites should be prioritized for conservation due to the likely rapid development of stand structure, although remaining natural forests on low‐productivity sites are still important and should be protected.
Conservation performance of tropical protected areas: How important is management?
Authors: Schleicher Judith , Peres Carlos A. , Leader‐Williams Nigel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIncreasing the coverage of effectively managed protected areas (PAs) is a key focus of the 2020 Aichi biodiversity targets. PA management has received considerable attention, often based on the widely held, but rarely examined, assumption that positive conservation outcomes will result from increased PA management inputs. To shed light on this assumption, we integrated data on PA management factors with 2006–2011 avoided forest degradation and deforestation across the Peruvian Amazon, using a counterfactual approach, combined with interviews and ranking exercises. We show that while increasing PA management input to Amazonian PAs tended to reduce likelihoods of forest degradation and deforestation, the associations were weak. Key challenges facing PAs ranked by PA managers included wider law enforcement, corruption and land title issues, rather than local management factors. We therefore encourage the post‐2020 conservation targets to adopt holistic approaches beyond PA management, incorporating political, institutional and governance contexts across scales.
Longitudinal associations between depression and diabetes complications: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nouwen A. , Adriaanse M. C. , van Dam K. , Iversen M. M. , Viechtbauer W. , Peyrot M. , Caramlau I. , Kokoszka A. , Kanc K. , de Groot M. , Nefs G. , Pouwer F. ,   the European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) Research Consortium
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies assessing the bi‐directional association between depression and diabetes macrovascular and microvascular complications. Embase, Medline and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception through 27 November 2017. A total of 4592 abstracts were screened for eligibility. Meta‐analyses used multilevel random/mixed‐effects models. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale. Twenty‐two studies were included in the systematic review. Sixteen studies examined the relationship between baseline depression and incident diabetes complications, of which nine studies involving over one million participants were suitable for meta‐analysis. Depression was associated with an increased risk of incident macrovascular (HR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.30–1.47) and microvascular disease (HR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.25–1.41). Six studies examined the association between baseline diabetes complications and subsequent depression, of which two studies involving over 230 000 participants were suitable for meta‐analysis. The results showed that diabetes complications increased the risk of incident depressive disorder (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.07–1.21). The quality analysis showed increased risk of bias notably in the representativeness of selected cohorts and ascertainment of exposure and outcome. Depression in people with diabetes is associated with an increased risk of incident macrovascular and microvascular complications. The relationship between depression and diabetes complications appears bi‐directional. However, the risk of developing diabetes complications in depressed people is higher than the risk of developing depression in people with diabetes complications. The underlying mechanisms warrant further research.
Capacity of different anthropometric measures to predict diabetes in a Chinese population in southwest China: a 15‐year prospective study
Authors: Wang Z. , He S. , Chen X. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate whether conicity index, abdominal volume index, body adiposity index, body roundness index, cardiometabolic index and lipid accumulation product compared with waist circumference could predict future diabetes in a 15‐year prospective study.MethodsThe data were collected in 1992 and recollected in 2007 from the same group of 687 individuals. Anthropometric indices and biochemical data were obtained. Cox's proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios of anthropometric measures. The discriminatory power of anthropometric measures for incident diabetes were assessed by Harrell's C‐statistic.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 74 participants were newly diagnosed with diabetes. In multivariable Cox regression analysis after adjusting potential for confounders, log10‐conicity index [HR: 1.67 (95% CI: 1.31–2.11) per sd; P < 0.0001], log10‐abdominal volume index [HR: 1.95 (95% CI: 1.50–2.55) per sd; P < 0.0001], log10‐body adiposity index [HR: 1.82 (95% CI: 1.33–2.50) per sd; P < 0.0001], log10‐body roundness index [HR: 2.16 (95% CI: 1.63–2.88) per sd; P < 0.0001], log10‐cardiometabolic index [HR: 1.70 (95% CI: 1.39–2.09) per sd; P < 0.0001], log10‐lipid accumulation product [HR: 2.06 (95% CI: 1.56–2.73) per sd; P < 0.0001] and log10‐waist circumference [HR: 1.99 (95% CI: 1.51–2.46) per sd; P < 0.0001] were significantly associated with incident diabetes. Additionally, lipid accumulation product had the highest Harrell's C‐statistic at 0.715 (95% CI: 0.656–0.775), followed by body roundness index at 0.714 (95% CI: 0.658–0.770) and cardiometabolic index at 0.704 (95% CI: 0.643–0.764) then by waist circumference at 0.701 (95% CI: 0.644–0.759).ConclusionsConicity index, abdominal volume index, body adiposity index, body roundness index, cardiometabolic index and lipid accumulation product were independent predictors of future diabetes. The discriminatory power of body roundness index, cardiometabolic index and lipid accumulation product for diabetes prediction were higher than that of waist circumference.
Tie a yellow ribbon around a papillary muscle
Authors: Cua Clifford L. , Cunningham Tyler W. , Low Samantha , Salavitabar Arash , Berman Darren P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old boy with tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and major aortopulmonary collaterals status post complete repair including a fenestrated ventricular septal defect patch presented to the catheterization laboratory for fenestration closure. During the procedure, the catheterization wire was found to have an unusual intracardiac loop and was unable to be straightened within the heart. Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography revealed the wire was looped around a right ventricular papillary muscle. The wire was readjusted, and the fenestration was successfully closed. Three‐dimensional imaging was essential in unambiguously defining the catheter course and assisting in fenestration closure.
Signatures of selection for bonamiosis resistance in European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis): New genomic tools for breeding programs and management of natural resources
Authors: Vera Manuel , Pardo Belén G. , Cao Asunción , Vilas Román , Fernández Carlos , Blanco Andrés , Gutierrez Alejandro P. , Bean Tim P. , Houston Ross D. , Villalba Antonio , Martínez Paulino 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) is a highly appreciated mollusk with an important aquaculture production throughout the 20th century, in addition to playing an important role on coastal ecosystems. Overexploitation of natural beds, habitat degradation, introduction of non‐native species, and epidemic outbreaks have severely affected this important resource, particularly, the protozoan parasite Bonamia ostreae, which is the main concern affecting its production and conservation. In order to identify genomic regions and markers potentially associated with bonamiosis resistance, six oyster beds distributed throughout the European Atlantic coast were sampled. Three of them have been exposed to this parasite since the early 1980s and showed some degree of innate resistance (long‐term affected group, LTA), while the other three were free of B. ostreae at least until sampling date (naïve group, NV). A total of 14,065 SNPs were analyzed, including 37 markers from candidate genes and 14,028 from a medium‐density SNP array. Gene diversity was similar between LTA and NV groups suggesting no genetic erosion due to long‐term exposure to the parasite, and three population clusters were detected using the whole dataset. Tests for divergent selection between NV and LTA groups detected the presence of a very consistent set of 22 markers, located within a putative single genomic region, which suggests the presence of a major quantitative trait locus associated with B. ostreae resistance. Moreover, 324 outlier loci associated with factors other than bonamiosis were identified allowing fully discrimination of all the oyster beds. A practical tool which included the 84 highest discriminative markers for tracing O. edulis populations was developed and tested with empirical data. Results reported herein could assist the production of stocks with improved resistance to bonamiosis and facilitate the management of oyster beds for recovery production and ecosystem services provided by this species.
An insight into mode II fracture toughness testing using SCB specimen
Authors: Bahrami Bahador , Ayatollahi Majid R. , Sedighi Iman , Yazid Yahya Mohd 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe effect of friction forces between the test specimen and its bottom supports on the mode II fracture toughness values obtained using the semicircular bend (SCB) specimen is investigated. First, a number of experiments were conducted on SCB specimen in order to determine the mode II fracture toughness of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) according to the conventional approaches available in the literature. Three different types of supports that have been frequently employed by researchers in recent years were used to evaluate the effect of support type on the fracture loads. It was found that the friction forces between the supports and the SCB specimen have a significant effect on the value of mode II fracture toughness measured using the SCB samples. Then, the specimen was simulated using finite element method for more detailed investigation on the near crack tip stress field evolution when friction forces increase between the supports and the SCB specimen. The finite element results confirmed that the type of support affects not only the stress intensity factors KI and KII but also the T‐stress. The experimental and numerical results showed that the use of the crack tip parameters available in literature for frictionless contact between the supports and the SCB specimen can result in significant errors when the mode II experiments are performed by using the fixed or roller‐in‐grove types of supports.
Abnormal behavior, striatal dopamine turnover and opioid peptide gene expression in histamine‐deficient mice
Authors: Abdurakhmanova Shamsiiat , Semenova Svetlana , Piepponen T. Petteri , Panula Pertti 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHypothalamic histaminergic neurons regulate a variety of homeostatic, metabolic and cognitive functions. Recent data have suggested a modulatory role of histamine and histamine receptors in shaping striatal activity and connected the histaminergic system to neuropsychiatric disorders. We characterized exploratory behavior and striatal neurotransmission in mice lacking the histamine producing enzyme histidine decarboxylase (Hdc). The mutant mice showed a distinct behavioral pattern during exploration of novel environment, specifically, increased frequency of rearing seated against the wall, jumping and head/body shakes. This behavioral phenotype was associated with decreased levels of striatal dopamine and serotonin and increased level of dopamine metabolite DOPAC. Gene expression levels of dynorphin and enkephalin, opioids released by medium spiny neurons of striatal direct and indirect pathways respectively, were lower in Hdc mutant mice than in control animals. A low dose of amphetamine led to similar behavioral and biochemical outcomes in both genotypes. Increased striatal dopamine turnover was observed in Hdc KO mice after treatment with dopamine precursor l‐Dopa. Overall, our study suggests a role for striatal dopamine and opioid peptides in formation of distinct behavioral phenotype of Hdc KO mice.