bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimode interference in single mode‐multimode‐single mode fiber structure for steel beam compressive strain measurement
Authors: Yusof N. H. , Razak H. A. , Arof H. , Harun Sulaiman Wadi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA simple optical sensor based on singlemode‐multimode‐singlemode (SMS) optical fiber structure is proposed and demonstrated for the measurement of steel beam compression strain. The SMS sensor probe is fabricated by splicing both ends of a short multimode fiber with two pieces of standard single‐mode fibers using a fusion splicer. The strain sensitivity stems from the difference in the effective refractive index of the core, which induces resonant wavelength shift against the strain. In the experiment, parallel measurements were also made using an electrical resistance (ER) strain gauge for comparison purpose. The SMS sensor was also able to detect the elastic limit of the steel beam from the abrupt shift in the interference wavelength as the compressive strain was increased above 5.351 mm/mm. The sensor showed that the steel beam had an elastic limit at a compressive load of 130 kN, which was in good agreement with the ER strain gauge measurement. Furthermore, the SMS sensor exhibited a compressive strain sensitivity of 0.0323 nm/kN from the initial load until it reached the elastic limit.
Self‐reported chemotherapy‐related cognitive impairment compared with cognitive complaints following menopause
Authors: Vega Jennifer N. , Dumas Julie , Newhouse Paul A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveCancer‐related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is commonly reported following the administration of cancer treatment. Current longitudinal studies, primarily in women with breast cancer, suggest that up to 35% to 60% of patients exhibit persistent CRCI (pCRCI) following completion of chemotherapy. Complaints of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are also commonly reported by women during and following the menopause transition in noncancer patients. Although the majority of evidence for cognitive difficulties in cancer patients and survivors is attributed to chemotherapy, there is growing evidence to suggest that menopausal status can also influence cognitive function in cancer patients.MethodsGiven that menopausal status may be contributing to pCRCI, we compared a group of primarily postmenopausal women with pCRCI to 2 groups of postmenopausal women: women who endorse menopause‐associated SCD (maSCD+) and women who do not (maSCD−) to explore the similarities/differences between maSCD and pCRCI and the potential role of menopause in pCRCI.ResultsPersistent CRCI participants report more severe SCD symptoms than women after natural menopause, despite being on average 2.5‐year postchemotherapy, supporting previous findings that CRCI can persist for months to years after completing treatment. Persistent CRCI participants not only endorsed greater SCD but also exhibited objective performance differences. In addition, pCRCI participants endorsed significantly greater menopausal symptoms compared with either maSCD group. Results were not related to menopausal status prior to chemotherapy or current endocrine therapy use.ConclusionsThese results suggest that while menopausal symptoms may contribute to SCD experienced by cancer patients after chemotherapy, they do not fully account for pCRCI.
Stakeholder engagement to evaluate tourist development plans with a sustainable approach
Authors: Gonzalez‐Urango Hannia , García‐Melón Mónica 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study provides an evaluation of tourist development plans in the city of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). Different stakeholders are involved in the search for solutions to this problem. The proposal is based on a model that combines two techniques, namely the analytic network process (ANP) and social network analysis (SNA). SNA is used to assess the relationships among stakeholders by identifying those who are most relevant and ANP is used to aggregate their opinions and evaluate tourist development plans of Cartagena to improve tourist experiences in a participatory way. The results suggest that the combination of SNA and ANP is a novel and suitable tool for strategic planning of a city.
An efficient placement of sinks and SDN controller nodes for optimizing the design cost of industrial IoT systems
Authors: Faragardi Hamid Reza , Vahabi Maryam , Fotouhi Hossein , Nolte Thomas , Fahringer Thomas 
Published: June 2018

SummaryRecently, a growing trend has emerged toward using Internet of Things (IoT) in the context of industrial systems, which is referred to as industrial IoT. To deal with the time‐critical requirements of industrial applications, it is necessary to consider reliability and timeliness during the design of an industrial IoT system. Through the separation of the control plane and the data plane, software‐defined networking provides control units (controllers) coexisting with sink nodes, efficiently coping with network dynamics during run‐time. It is of paramount importance to select a proper number of these devices (i.e., software‐defined networking controllers and sink nodes) and locate them wisely in a network to reduce deployment cost. In this paper, we optimize the type and location of sinks and controllers in the network, subject to reliability and timeliness as the prominent performance requirements in time‐critical IoT systems through ensuring that each sensor node is covered by a certain number of sinks and controllers. We propose PACSA‐MSCP, an algorithm hybridizing a parallel version of the max‐min ant system with simulated annealing for multiple‐sink/controller placement. We evaluate the proposed algorithm through extensive experiments. The performance is compared against several well‐known methods, and it is shown that our approach outperforms those methods by lowering the total deployment cost by up to 19%. Moreover, the deviation from the optimal solution achieved by CPLEX is shown to be less than 2.7%.
Density and success of upland duck nests in native‐ and tame‐seeded conservation fields
Authors: Sherfy Mark H. , Anteau Michael J. , Shaffer Terry L. , Johnson Michael A. , Reynolds Ronald E. , Ringelman James K. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) generates substantial benefits to continental duck populations by providing grassland nesting habitat in rested cropland. Seeding mixes of CRP grasslands vary among numerous conservation practices, but one contrast of interest in the Prairie Pothole Region is the use of introduced, or “tame” versus native grass. Although the benefits of CRP to duck populations are well‐known, relative values of these planting practices to nesting ducks have received little attention. Understanding differences in benefits to ducks due to planting practices would aid in prioritizing and selecting management practices for CRP and other restoration activities. We evaluated nest survival and density of ducks nesting in tame‐ and native‐seeded CRP fields in 36 study areas in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and South Dakota, USA, during 2002–2003. We searched for duck nests in 209 fields totaling 5,386 ha and found 2,941 nests. We found no support for differences in nest survival for any upland‐nesting duck species between fields seeded to tame versus native grass based on a design and analyses that accounted for spatial and temporal variation. Additionally, nest densities, adjusted for nest survival rates, of all duck species were similar between tame‐seeded and native‐seeded fields. We conclude that benefits to nesting ducks from native‐grass seeding practices of CRP were similar to those of tame‐grass seeding practices. Although there may be other reasons to plant native seed mixes when establishing CRP tracts (e.g., native pollinators or insects, other wildlife species, etc.), our study suggests that duck nesting density and nest survival are not among those reasons. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A new algebraic structure in the standard model of particle physics
Authors: Boyle Latham , Farnsworth Shane 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe introduce a new formulation of the real-spectral-triple formalism in non-commutative geometry (NCG): we explain its mathematical advantages and its success in capturing the structure of the standard model of particle physics. The idea, in brief, is to representA(the algebra of differential forms on some possibly-noncommutative space) onH(the Hilbert space of spinors on that space); and to reinterpret this representation as a simple super-algebraB=A⊕Hwith even partAand odd partH. Bis the fundamental object in our approach: we show that (nearly) all of the basic axioms and assumptions of the traditional real-spectral-triple formalism of NCG are elegantly recovered from the simple requirement thatBshould be a differential graded ∗-algebra (or “∗-DGA”). Moreover, this requirement also yields other, new, geometrical constraints. When we apply our formalism to the NCG traditionally used to describe the standard model of particle physics, we find that these new constraints are physically meaningful and phenomenologically correct. In particular, these new constraints provide a novel interpretation of electroweak symmetry breaking that is geometric rather than dynamical. This formalism is more restrictive than effective field theory, and so explains more about the observed structure of the standard model, and offers more guidance about physics beyond the standard model.
Magnetic Anastomosis for Biliojejunostomy: First Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Liu Xue‐Min , Yan Xiao‐Peng , Zhang Hong‐Ke , Ma Feng , Guo Yan‐Guang , Fan Chao , Wang Shan‐Pei , Shi Ai‐Hua , Wang Bo , Wang Hao‐Hua , Li Jian‐Hui , Zhang Xiao‐Gang , Wu Rongqian , Zhang Xu‐Feng , Lv Yi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic compression anastomosis (magnamosis, MCA) has been verified safe and effective by us and others in animal bilioenteric anastomosis (BEA). The objective of the present study was to introduce clinical application of magnetic compression bilioenteric anastomosis (MC‐BEA) with a unique device in series of patients.MethodsPatients with obstructive jaundice with an indication of BEA were prospectively enrolled from 2012 to 2015. After dissection of bile ducts, the mother ring and drainage tube were placed in the proximal bile duct and the purse‐string suture was tightened over the drainage tube. The drainage tube was introduced into the jejunal lumen at the anastomotic site and used to guide the daughter ring to assemble with the mother ring. All the patients were routinely followed up for magnets discharge or any complications associated.ResultsForty‐one patients were included. Thirty‐four (82.9%) patients had a malignant primary disease, while seven (17.1%) had benign disease. The median time for MC‐BEA was 10.5 min (interquartile range [IQR] 8.3–13.0 min). No perioperative morbidity or mortality associated with MC‐BEA was observed. The median time for a patent bilioenteric anastomosis formation was 19.0 days (IQR 14.5–23.0 days), and the magnets were discharged with a median postoperative duration of 35.0 days (IQR 28.0–43.0 days). With a median follow‐up of 547.5 days (range 223–1042 days), no patients had biliary fistula, while two (4.9%) developed anastomotic stricture at 4 months and 14 months after surgery, and underwent reoperation for reconstruction of BEA.
ConclusionsMCA is a safe, effective, and time‐saving modality for biliojejunostomy.
How Durable Are Ethnoracial Segregation and Spatial Disadvantage? Intergenerational Contextual Mobility in France
Authors: McAvay Haley 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBuilding on emerging research into intergenerational contextual mobility, I use longitudinal data from France (1990–2008) to investigate the extent to which second-generation immigrants and the French majority continue to live in similar neighborhood environments during childhood and adulthood. To explore the persistence of ethnoracial segregation and spatial disadvantage, I draw on two measures of neighborhood composition: the immigrant share and the unemployment rate. The analysis explores the individual and contextual factors underpinning intergenerational contextual mobility and variation across immigrant-origin groups. The results document a strong stability of neighborhood environments from childhood to adulthood, especially with regard to the ethnoracial composition of the neighborhood. Individual-level factors are quite weak in accounting for these patterns compared with the characteristics of the city of origin. Moreover, the degree of contextual mobility between childhood and adulthood varies across groups. I find that neighborhood environments are more stable over time for non-European second-generation immigrants. The findings offer important new empirical contributions to the French literature on the residential segregation of immigrants and will more broadly be of interest to scholars of intergenerational spatial and social mobility.
Two-factor inauthentication – the rise in SMS phishing attacks
Authors: Jakobsson Markus 
Published: June 2018

There are countless ways to carry out a cyber-attack, but in the vast majority the key is deception – typically involving identity deception in which the attacker poses as a trusted party to the intended victim. Many of these attacks involve stealing passwords from victims in order to access their accounts and pose as them. Therefore, with cyber-criminals constantly on the prowl to capture passwords and other credentials, two-factor authentication (2FA) has become one of the most widely accepted back-up verifications for many services and companies. With cyber-criminals constantly on the prowl to capture passwords and other credentials, two-factor authentication (2FA) has become one of the most widely accepted back-up verifications for many services and companies. However, as Markus Jakobsson of Agari points out, 2FA has its own issues. Other options are on the way, but it's more important than ever for organisations to be aware that their workforce's digital identities may be compromised.
Deep Resistivity Structure of Basalt‐Covered Central Part of Paraná Basin, Brazil, From Joint 3‐D MT and GDS Data Imaging
Authors: Maurya V. P. , Meju M. A. , Fontes S. L. , Padilha A. L. , La Terra E. F. , Miquelutti L. G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe deep structure beneath the basalt‐covered sediments of Paraná basin is not well understood. Magnetotelluric (MT) broadband (1,000 to 0.001 Hz) data recorded at 296 selected stations along three new survey lines were first inverted in three dimensions to reveal the local scale resistivity structure of the central part of the basin where there are three deep exploration wells with resistivity logs for model validation. The 3‐D MT inversion model correctly identified the resistive (>100 Ωm) flood basalts and postvolcanic cover layer, the underlying electrically conductive (~10 Ωm) sediments, and the highly resistive (>1,000 Ωm) crystalline basement at the well locations and provides a reliable average crustal resistivity structure consisting of ~20–24 km thick highly resistive upper crust and ~20 km thick conductive lower crust above a resistive mantle. Subsequent basin‐scale joint inversion of highest quality MT data sets (261 stations) and geomagnetic depth sounding array data imaged two prominent subparallel belts of N‐S and NNE‐SSW trending steep conductors in the deep crust and upper mantle, one located directly beneath the present‐day axis of thickest sedimentary deposits in the basin and another near the coastal location where dolerite dyke swarms intrude the outcropping Precambrian basement. Other roughly orthogonal bands (E‐W to NW‐SE) of linear crustal conductors radiate from these two main belts. The resulting networks of steep conductors at upper to midcrustal level seem to mark the fossil plumbing system of Paraná magmatic province and are interpreted as preexisting shear zones exploited by the voluminous Early Cretaceous magmatism in the region.
Observed metabolic asymmetry within soybean root nodules reflects unexpected complexity in rhizobacteria-legume metabolite exchange
Authors: Veličković Dušan , Agtuca Beverly J , Stopka Sylwia A , Vertes Akos , Koppenaal David W , Paša-Tolić Ljiljana , Stacey Gary , Anderton Christopher R 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this study, the three-dimensional spatial distributions of a number of metabolites involved in regulating symbiosis and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) within soybean root nodules were revealed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). While many metabolites exhibited distinct spatial compartmentalization, some metabolites were asymmetrically distributed throughout the nodule (e.g., S-adenosylmethionine). These results establish a more complex metabolic view of plant–bacteria symbiosis (and BNF) within soybean nodules than previously hypothesized. Collectively these findings suggest that spatial perspectives in metabolic regulation should be considered to unravel the overall complexity of interacting organisms, like those relating to associations of nitrogen-fixing bacteria with host plants.
Responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to long-term inorganic and organic nutrient addition in a lowland tropical forest
Authors: Sheldrake Merlin , Rosenstock Nicholas P , Mangan Scott , Revillini Daniel , Sayer Emma J , Olsson Pål Axel , Verbruggen Erik , Tanner Edmund V J , Turner Benjamin L , Wright S Joseph 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Improved understanding of the nutritional ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is important in understanding how tropical forests maintain high productivity on low-fertility soils. Relatively little is known about how AM fungi will respond to changes in nutrient inputs in tropical forests, which hampers our ability to assess how forest productivity will be influenced by anthropogenic change. Here we assessed the influence of long-term inorganic and organic nutrient additions and nutrient depletion on AM fungi, using two adjacent experiments in a lowland tropical forest in Panama. We characterised AM fungal communities in soil and roots using 454-pyrosequencing, and quantified AM fungal abundance using microscopy and a lipid biomarker. Phosphorus and nitrogen addition reduced the abundance of AM fungi to a similar extent, but affected community composition in different ways. Nutrient depletion (removal of leaf litter) had a pronounced effect on AM fungal community composition, affecting nearly as many OTUs as phosphorus addition. The addition of nutrients in organic form (leaf litter) had little effect on any AM fungal parameter. Soil AM fungal communities responded more strongly to changes in nutrient availability than communities in roots. This suggests that the ‘dual niches’ of AM fungi in soil versus roots are structured to different degrees by abiotic environmental filters, and biotic filters imposed by the plant host. Our findings indicate that AM fungal communities are fine-tuned to nutrient regimes, and support future studies aiming to link AM fungal community dynamics with ecosystem function.
Oral microbiome development during childhood: an ecological succession influenced by postnatal factors and associated with tooth decay
Authors: Dzidic Majda , Collado Maria C , Abrahamsson Thomas , Artacho Alejandro , Stensson Malin , Jenmalm Maria C , Mira Alex 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Information on how the oral microbiome develops during early childhood and how external factors influence this ecological process is scarce. We used high-throughput sequencing to characterize bacterial composition in saliva samples collected at 3, 6, 12, 24 months and 7 years of age in 90 longitudinally followed children, for whom clinical, dietary and health data were collected. Bacterial composition patterns changed through time, starting with “early colonizers”, including Streptococcus and Veillonella; other bacterial genera such as Neisseria settled after 1 or 2 years of age. Dental caries development was associated with diverging microbial composition through time. Streptococcus cristatus appeared to be associated with increased risk of developing tooth decay and its role as potential biomarker of the disease should be studied with species-specific probes. Infants born by C-section had initially skewed bacterial content compared with vaginally delivered infants, but this was recovered with age. Shorter breastfeeding habits and antibiotic treatment during the first 2 years of age were associated with a distinct bacterial composition at later age. The findings presented describe oral microbiota development as an ecological succession where altered colonization pattern during the first year of life may have long-term consequences for child´s oral and systemic health.
Single-walled carbon-nanohorns improve biocompatibility over nanotubes by triggering less protein-initiated pyroptosis and apoptosis in macrophages
Authors: He Bing , Shi Yujie , Liang Yanqin , Yang Anpu , Fan Zhipu , Yuan Lan , Zou Xiajuan , Chang Xin , Zhang Hua , Wang Xueqing , Dai Wenbin , Wang Yiguang , Zhang Qiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSingle-walled carbon-nanohorns (SNH) exhibit huge application prospects. Notably, spherical SNH possess different morphology from conventional carbon nanotubes (CNT). However, there is a tremendous lack of studies on the nanotoxicity and mechanism of SNH, and their comparison with nanotubes. Here, the dissimilarity between SNH and CNT is found in many aspects including necrosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, protein expression, hydrolases leakage, lysosome stress, membrane disturbance and the interaction with membrane proteins. The improved biocompatibility of SNH over four types of established CNT is clearly demonstrated in macrophages. Importantly, a key transmembrane protein, glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is discovered to initiate the nanotoxicity. Compared to CNT, the weaker nano-GPNMB interaction in SNH group induces lower degree of cascade actions from nano/membrane interplay to final cell hypotoxicity. In conclusion, the geometry of single-construct unit, but not that of dispersive forms or intracellular levels of nanocarbons make the most difference.
Covalent-supramolecular hybrid polymers as muscle-inspired anisotropic actuators
Authors: Chin Stacey M. , Synatschke Christopher V. , Liu Shuangping , Nap Rikkert J. , Sather Nicholas A. , Wang Qifeng , Álvarez Zaida , Edelbrock Alexandra N. , Fyrner Timmy , Palmer Liam C. , Szleifer Igal , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Stupp Samuel I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSkeletal muscle provides inspiration on how to achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here we report on the bottom-up design of macroscopic tubes that exhibit anisotropic actuation driven by a thermal stimulus. The tube is built from a hydrogel in which extremely long supramolecular nanofibers are aligned using weak shear forces, followed by radial growth of thermoresponsive polymers from their surfaces. The hierarchically ordered tube exhibits reversible anisotropic actuation with changes in temperature, with much greater contraction perpendicular to the direction of nanofiber alignment. We identify two critical factors for the anisotropic actuation, macroscopic alignment of the supramolecular scaffold and its covalent bonding to polymer chains. Using finite element analysis and molecular calculations, we conclude polymer chain confinement and mechanical reinforcement by rigid supramolecular nanofibers are responsible for the anisotropic actuation. The work reported suggests strategies to create soft active matter with molecularly encoded capacity to perform complex tasks.