bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iterative Modeling of a Small Underwater Tethered Remotely Operated Vehicle
Authors: Aldana Andrés F. , Esteban Villegas Helio Sneyder , Roa Prada Sebastián 
Published: January 2019

Remotely operated vehicles, ROV, are highly versatile robotic systems, which are currently the best alternative to carry out deep-sea tasks, that otherwise could compromise the safety of human lives. These vehicles are commonly used by several industries such as offshore oil companies, offshore wind energy companies and environmental organizations. These underwater vehicles may be classified as Free-Swimming Systems, FSS, or Tether Management Systems, TMS. Tether Management Systems use the cable to transmit data and steering commands, and as a mean for power supply. It is known that the cable has a strong influence on the dynamics and maneuverability of a ROV. To improve the motion accuracy and stability of the control of a ROV, it is necessary to understand the nature and to estimate the value of the mutual reaction forces between the ROV and the cable.
This research seeks the modeling of the overall underwater tethered vehicle, by iteratively coupling the results from the finite element analysis, FEA, of the cable with the dynamic model of the ROV, as obtained by using the standard Newton-Euler formulation. Morison equation is employed to obtain the cable transient response. In this work, the ROV tether is defined as a flexible, slender cylinder, with circular cross section and made of a material with nonlinear elastic behavior. The cable is assumed to be in a specific extended initial configuration, with one of its ends fixed in ground. The FEA analysis of the cable is performed with the help of the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. A commercial small ROV is selected as the case study to apply the Newton-Euler method, considering the location of its actuators and other actual parameters such as mass, matrix of mass moments of inertia and drag coefficients. To include the cable forces into the dynamic model of the ROV, it is necessary to perform an iterative process between the cable analysis results and the ROV open loop response. The modeling approach starts with an FSS system initial velocity, which is fed into the cable FEA analysis. Both analyses are iterated, following a mutual feedback scheme, until results converge, obtaining the complete tethered vehicle model. The main achievement of this investigation is to observe the cable influence on the ROV, providing results that prove to be extremely useful for future work on the control system design, taking into account the disturbances introduced by the cable.
Neural Network Based Bin Analysis for Indirect/Direct Evaporative Cooling of Modular Data Centers
Authors: Walekar Abhishek , Siddarth Ashwin , Guhe Abhishek , Sukthankar Nikita , Agonafer Dereje 
Published: January 2019

With an increase in the need for energy efficient data centers, a lot of research is being done to maximize the use of Air Side Economizers (ASEs), Direct Evaporative Cooling (DEC), Indirect Evaporative Cooling (IEC) and multistage Indirect/Direct Evaporative Cooling (I/DEC). The selection of cooling configurations installed in modular cooling units is based on empirical/analytical studies and domain knowledge that fail to account for the nonlinearities present in an operational data center. In addition to the ambient conditions, the attainable cold aisle temperature and humidity is also a function of the control strategy and the cooling setpoints in the data center.
The primary objective of this study is to use Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modelling and Psychrometric bin analysis to assess the applicability of various cooling modes to a climatic condition. Training dataset for the ANN model is logged from the monitoring sensor array of a modular data center laboratory with an I/DEC module. The data-driven ANN model is utilized for predicting the cold aisle humidity and temperatures for different modes of cooling. Based on the predicted cold aisle temperature and humidity, cold aisle envelopes are represented on a psychrometric chart to evaluate the applicability of each cooling mode to the territorial climatic condition. Subsequently, outside air conditions favorable to each cooling mode in achieving cold aisle conditions, within the ASHRAE recommended environmental envelope, is also visualized on a psychrometric chart. Control strategies and opportunities to optimize the cooling system are discussed.
Impact of renal dysfunction on the management and outcome of acute heart failure: results from the French prospective, multicentre, DeFSSICA survey
Authors: Dos Reis Dominique , Fraticelli Laurie , Bassand Adrien , Manzo-Silberman Stéphane , Peschanski Nicolas , Charpentier Sandrine , Elbaz Meyer , Savary Dominique , Bonnefoy-Cudraz Eric , Laribi Said , Henry Patrick , Guerraoui Abdallah , Tazarourte Karim , Chouihed Tahar , El Khoury Carlos 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesCardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is the combination of acute heart failure syndrome (AHF) and renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≤60 mL/min). Real-life data were used to compare the management and outcome of AHF with and without renal dysfunction.DesignProspective, multicentre.SettingTwenty-six academic, community and regional hospitals in France.Participants507 patients with AHF were assessed in two groups according to renal function: group 1 (patients with CRS (CrCl ≤60 mL/min): n=335) and group 2 (patients with AHF with normal renal function (CrCl >60 mL/min): n=172).ResultsDifferences were observed (group 1 vs group 2) at admission for the incidence of chronic heart failure (56.42% vs 47.67%), use of furosemide (60.9% vs 52.91%), insulin (15.52% vs 9.3%) and amiodarone (14.33% vs 4.65%); additionally, more patients in group 1 carried a defibrillator (4.78% vs 0%), had ≥2 hospitalisations in the last year (15.52% vs 5.81%) and were under the care of a cardiologist (72.24% vs 61.63%). Clinical signs were broadly similar in each group. Brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and BNP prohormone were higher in group 1 than group 2 (1157.5 vs 534 ng/L and 5120 vs 2513 ng/mL), and more patients in group 1 were positive for troponin (58.2% vs 44.19%), had cardiomegaly (51.04% vs 37.21%) and interstitial opacities (60.3% vs 47.67%). The only difference in emergency treatment was the use of nitrates, (higher in group 1 (21.9% vs 12.21%)). In-hospital mortality and the percentage of patients still hospitalised after 30 days were similar between groups, but the median stay was longer in group 1 (8 days vs 6 days).ConclusionsRenal impairment in AHF should not limit the use of loop diuretics and/or vasodilators, but early assessment of pulmonary congestion and close monitoring of the efficacy of conventional therapies is encouraged to allow rapid and appropriate implementation of alternative therapies if necessary.
Hearing Norton Sound: a community randomised trial protocol to address childhood hearing loss in rural Alaska
Authors: Emmett Susan D , Robler Samantha Kleindienst , Wang Nae-Yuh , Labrique Alain , Gallo Joseph J , Hofstetter Philip 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThe population in rural Alaska experiences a disproprionately high burden of infection-mediated hearing loss. While the state mandates school hearing screening, many children with hearing loss are not identified or are lost to follow-up before ever receiving treatment. A robust, tribally owned healthcare system exists in Alaska, but children with hearing loss must first be identified and referred for existing infrastructure to be used. This trial will evaluate a new school hearing screening and referral process in rural Alaska, with the goal of improving timely identification and treatment of childhood hearing loss.Methods and analysisComparative effectiveness community randomised trial testing digital innovations to improve school hearing screening and referral in 15 communities in the Norton Sound region of northwest Alaska, with data collection from October 2017 to February 2020. All children (K-12) attending school in Bering Strait School District with parental informed consent and child assent will be eligible (target recruitment n=1500). Participating children will undergo both the current school hearing screen and new mobile health (mHealth) screen, with screening test validity evaluated against an audiometric assessment. Communities will be cluster randomised to continue the current primary care referral process or receive telemedicine referral for follow-up diagnosis and treatment. The primary outcome will be time to International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, ear/hearing diagnosis from screening date, measured in days. Secondary outcomes will include: sensitivity and specificity of current school and mHealth screening protocols measured against a benchmark audiometric assessment (air and bone conduction audiometry, tympanometry and digital otoscopy); hearing loss prevalence; hearing-related quality of life; and school performance (AIMSweb). Intention-to-treat analysis will be used.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Alaska Area, Norton Sound and Duke University and is registered on clinicaltrials.gov. Results will be distributed with equal emphasis on scientific and community dissemination.Trial registration numberNCT03309553; Pre-results.
External cold and vibration for pain management of children undergoing needle-related procedures in the emergency department: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial protocol
Authors: Ballard Ariane , Khadra Christelle , Adler Samara , D Trottier Evelyne , Bailey Benoit , Poonai Naveen , Théroux Jean , Le May Sylvie 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionNeedle-related procedures are considered as the most important source of pain and distress in children in hospital settings. Considering the physiological and psychological consequences that could result from these procedures, management of pain and distress through pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods is essential. Therefore, it is important to have interventions that are rapid, easy-to-use and likely to be translated into clinical practice for routine use. The aim of this study will be to determine whether a device combining cold and vibration (Buzzy) is non-inferior to a topical anaesthetic (liposomal lidocaine 4% cream) for pain management of children undergoing needle-related procedures in the emergency department.Methods and analysisThis study will be a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial comparing the Buzzy device to liposomal lidocaine 4% cream for needle-related pain management. A total of 346 participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of the two study groups. The primary outcome will be the mean difference in pain intensity between groups during needle-related procedures. A non-inferiority margin of 0.70 on the Color Analogue Scale will be considered. A Non-inferiority margin of 0.70 on the Color Analogue Scale will be considered. The secondary outcomes will be the level of distress during the procedure, the success of the procedure at first attempt, the occurrence of adverse events, the satisfaction of both interventions and the memory of pain 24 hours after the procedure. The primary outcome will be assessed for non-inferiority and the secondary outcomes for superiority.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the study setting. Findings of this trial will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT02616419.
A prospective cohort for the investigation of alteration in temporal transcriptional and microbiome trajectories preceding preterm birth: a study protocol
Authors: Brummaier Tobias , Syed Ahamed Kabeer Basirudeen , Lindow Stephen , Konje Justin C , Pukrittayaamee Sasithon , Utzinger Juerg , Toufiq Mohammed , Antoniou Antonios , Marr Alexandra K , Suriyakan Sangrawee , Kino Tomoshige , Al Khodor Souhaila , Terranegra Annalisa , Nosten François , Paris Daniel H , McGready Rose , Chaussabel Damien 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionPreterm birth (PTB) results from heterogeneous influences and is a major contributor to neonatal mortality and morbidity that continues to have adverse effects on infants beyond the neonatal period. This protocol describes the procedures to determine molecular signatures predictive of PTB through high-frequency sampling during pregnancy, at delivery and the postpartum period.Methods and analysisFour hundred first trimester pregnant women from either Myanmar or Thailand of either Karen or Burman ethnicity, with a viable, singleton pregnancy will be enrolled in this non-interventional, prospective pregnancy birth cohort study and will be followed through to the postpartum period. Fortnightly finger prick capillary blood sampling will allow the monitoring of genome-wide transcript abundance in whole blood. Collection of stool samples and vaginal swabs each trimester, at delivery and postpartum will allow monitoring of intestinal and vaginal microbial composition. In a nested case–control analysis, perturbations of transcript abundance in capillary blood as well as longitudinal changes of the gut, vaginal and oral microbiome will be compared between mothers giving birth to preterm and matched cases giving birth to term neonates. Placenta tissue of preterm and term neonates will be used to determine bacterial colonisation as well as for the establishment of coding and non-coding RNA profiles. In addition, RNA profiles of circulating, non-coding RNA in cord blood serum will be compared with those of maternal peripheral blood serum at time of delivery.Ethics and disseminationThis research protocol that aims to detect perturbations in molecular trajectories preceding adverse pregnancy outcomes was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University in Bangkok, Thailand (Ethics Reference: TMEC 15–062), the Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee (Ethics Reference: OxTREC: 33–15) and the local Tak Province Community Ethics Advisory Board. The results of this cooperative project will be disseminated in multiple publications staggered over time in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT02797327; Pre-results.
Global certification of wild poliovirus eradication: insights from modelling hard-to-reach subpopulations and confidence about the absence of transmission
Authors: Duintjer Tebbens Radboud J , Kalkowska Dominika A , Thompson Kimberly M 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the extent to which undervaccinated subpopulations may influence the confidence about no circulation of wild poliovirus (WPV) after the last detected case.Design and participantsWe used a hypothetical model to examine the extent to which the existence of an undervaccinated subpopulation influences the confidence about no WPV circulation after the last detected case as a function of different characteristics of the subpopulation (eg, size, extent of isolation). We also used the hypothetical population model to inform the bounds on the maximum possible time required to reach high confidence about no circulation in a completely isolated and unvaccinated subpopulation starting either at the endemic equilibrium or with a single infection in an entirely susceptible population.ResultsIt may take over 3 years to reach 95% confidence about no circulation for this hypothetical population despite high surveillance sensitivity and high vaccination coverage in the surrounding general population if: (1) ability to detect cases in the undervaccinated subpopulation remains exceedingly small, (2) the undervaccinated subpopulation remains small and highly isolated from the general population and (3) the coverage in the undervaccinated subpopulation remains very close to the minimum needed to eradicate. Fully-isolated hypothetical populations of 4000 people or less cannot sustain endemic transmission for more than 5 years, with at least 20 000 people required for a 50% chance of at least 5 years of sustained transmission in a population without seasonality that starts at the endemic equilibrium. Notably, however, the population size required for persistent transmission increases significantly for realistic populations that include some vaccination and seasonality and/or that do not begin at the endemic equilibrium.ConclusionsSignificant trade-offs remain inherent in global polio certification decisions, which underscore the need for making and valuing investments to maximise population immunity and surveillance quality in all remaining possible WPV reservoirs.
Relaxation for Critically ill Patient Outcomes andStress-coping Enhancement (REPOSE): a protocol for a pilot randomised trial of an integrative intervention to improve critically ill patients’ delirium and related outcomes
Authors: Papathanassoglou Elizabeth D E , Skrobik Yoanna , Hegadoren Kathleen , Thompson Patrica , Stelfox Henry Thomas , Norris Colleen , Rose Louise , Bagshaw Sean M , Meier Michael , LoCicero Cheryl , Ashmore Rhonda , Sparrow Brulotte Tiffany , Hassan Imran , Park Tanya , Kutsogiannis Demetrios J 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionDelirium is a common complication of critical illness, associated with negative patient outcomes. Preventive or therapeutic interventions are mostly ineffective. Although relaxation-inducing approaches may benefit critically ill patients, no well-designed studies target delirium prevention as a primary outcome. The objective of this study is to assess feasibility and treatment effect estimates of a multimodal integrative intervention incorporating relaxation, guided imagery and moderate pressure touch massage for prevention of critical illness delirium and for related outcomes.Methods and analysisRandomised, controlled, single-blinded trial with two parallel groups (1:1 allocation: intervention and standard care) and stratified randomisation (age (18–64 years and ≥65 years) and presence of trauma) with blocking, involving 104 patients with Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC): 0–3 recruited from two academic intensive care units (ICUs). Intervention group participants receive the intervention in addition to standard care for up to five consecutive days (or until transfer/discharge); control group participants receive standard care and a sham intervention. We will assess predefined feasibility outcomes, that is, recruitment rates and protocol adherence. The primary clinical outcome is incidence of delirium (ICDSC ≥4). Secondary outcomes include pain scores, inflammatory biomarkers, heart rate variability, stress and quality of life (6 weeks and 4 months) post-ICU discharge. Feasibility measures will be analysed descriptively, and outcomes will be analysed longitudinally. Estimates of effects will be calculated.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received approval from the Human Research Ethics Board, University of Alberta. Results will inform the design of a future multicentre trial.Trial registration numberNCT02905812; Pre-results.
Qualitative study investigating the underlying motivations of healthy participants in phase I clinical trials
Authors: Manton Kerry J , Gauld Cassandra S , White Katherine M , Griffin Paul M , Elliott Suzanne L 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesIf patients are to reap the benefits of continued drug development, an understanding of why healthy participants take part in phase I clinical trials is imperative. The current study aimed to explore the nature of these underlying motivations which may, in turn, improve the overall participant experience and assist in the development of more effective recruitment and retention strategies.DesignThis study used a qualitative design based on the theory of planned behaviour. Specifically, it explored healthy participants’ underlying behavioural, control and normative beliefs which influence their participation in phase I clinical trials.SettingThis study took place at a company that specialises in conducting phase I and phase II clinical trials in the Australian state of Queensland.ParticipantsParticipants (n=31) were either currently undergoing a phase I clinical trial or had previously taken part in a phase I clinical trial.ResultsResults showed that the motivations were varied and not solely centred on financial gains. Reported advantages of participation included altruism, while inconvenience was most often reported as a disadvantage. Friends were reported as those most likely to approve, while one’s mother was reported as most likely to disapprove. Having a suitable time frame/flexible scheduling and feeling comfortable taking part in the trial were both the most commonly reported facilitators, while inflexible scheduling/time commitment was the most commonly reported barrier.ConclusionsPractical implications included the need for organisations involved in clinical trials to be mindful of inflexible scheduling and exploring the possibility of making educational materials available to family members who may be concerned about the risks associated with participation. Overall, it is anticipated that the results of this study will improve the understanding of factors that influence phase I clinical trial participation which may, ultimately, help develop new therapeutics to improve patient health.
Long-term outcome of therapist-guided internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD-NET): a naturalistic 2-year follow-up after a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Enander Jesper , Ljótsson Brjánn , Anderhell Lina , Runeborg Martin , Flygare Oskar , Cottman Oskar , Andersson Erik , Dahlén Sofia , Lichtenstein Linn , Ivanov Volen Z , Mataix-Cols David , Rück Christian 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesMost patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) do not receive evidence-based treatment. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) has found that a therapist-guided internet-based cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) programme for BDD (BDD-NET) can be delivered safely via the internet with significant improvements in BDD symptom severity in the short term. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the therapeutic gains of BDD-NET are maintained 2 years after treatment.SettingAcademic medical centre.ParticipantsA naturalistic 2-year follow-up study of the 88 self-referred adult outpatients with a diagnosis of BDD that had received BDD-NET within the context of the RCT.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was the BDD-Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Responder status was defined as a ≥30% reduction in symptoms. Remission was defined as no longer meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition criteria for BDD. Secondary outcomes included measures of depression, global functioning and quality of life.ResultsThe efficacy of BDD-NET was sustained long- term, with further improvements observed on the BDD-YBOCS during the follow-up period. At follow-up, 69% (95% CI 57% to 80%) were classified as responders and 56% (95% CI 43% to 69%) were in remission. Gains on depressive symptoms and global functioning were also sustained but not quality of life. A majority of participants reported that the main reason for seeking help for their BDD was the possibility to access the treatment from home.ConclusionBDD-NET is an effective treatment for BDD, and the patients’ gains are maintained in the long term. BDD-NET has the potential to increase access to CBT and may lower the threshold for BDD sufferers to seek help in the first place.Trial registration numberNCT02010619.