bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient method for the isolation of interaction‐null/impaired mutants using the yeast two‐hybrid technique
Authors: Tanaka Seiji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProtein–protein interactions are one of the most basic and critical processes underlying biological functions. Thus, identification of the interacting proteins of a protein of interest and further elucidation of the roles of the interactions is critical for understanding the related biological processes. The yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) method is a popular approach for identifying protein–protein interactions. Once interacting proteins are identified, a comparison of the phenotypes of mutants lacking the specific protein–protein interaction with those of the wild‐type strain is a powerful tool for uncovering the former interactions’ biological significance. However, isolation of such interaction‐defective mutants is often laborious. Here, I describe a novel and efficient approach for isolating such mutants that uses the Y2H technique with a modified Y2H vector, and provide an example of how this approach can be used to screen interaction‐null/impaired mutants. Because the strategy is simple and the modification of a pre‐existing Y2H vector is sufficient for the screening purpose, the same strategy can be applied to any existing two‐hybrid system.
Comparison of litchi polysaccharides extracted by four methods: composition, structure and in vitro antioxidant activity
Authors: Gao Wenhong , Zhang Peilin , Lin Pingzhou , Zeng Xin‐An , Brennan Margaret A. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWater‐soluble polysaccharides (LCPs) were extracted from litchi, wherein LPS, LPH, LPP and LPM were extracted by ultrasound, hot water, ultra‐high pressure and microwave methods, respectively. The physicochemical properties, components, structures and in vitro antioxidant activities of four LCPs were investigated. LPP was the highest in yield and purity, and most physicochemical properties of four LCPs were similar. FTIR showed that LPP, LPS and LPH had ɑ‐dominating configuration in pyranose rings. SEM showed that four LCPs were different, and LPH and LPP had relatively smooth and compact surfaces. The Mw of LPS, LPH, LPP and LPM were 79 538, 320 213, 192 891 and 200 198 Da, respectively. All four LCPs consisted of fucose, galactose, glucose and rhamnose. Except for LPS, the other three LCPs contained mannose. Based on the results of in vitro antioxidant activity, 5 mg mL−1 LPP presented the highest in DPPH and hydroxyl scavenging activity, while it ranked secondly in reducing power.
A spatial production analysis of Chinese regional banks: case of urban commercial banks
Authors: Zhao Bingquan , Kenjegalieva Karligash , Wood Justine , Glass Anthony 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUrban commercial banks are regional banks which have gained tremendous importance in the last two decades in China. There is, however, a lack of research on regional banking, especially on the Chinese regional banking industry. Therefore, using an innovative spatial approach, this paper investigates the efficiency of 65 Chinese urban commercial banks across 26 regions during 2013–2017. A key finding for our sample is the significant spatial dependence of loans of Chinese urban commercial banks with their neighbouring regions’ banks. Short‐run efficiency is increasing during the research period. For regions with less than three urban commercial banks, the average efficiencies are stable and relatively high. However, regions with more banks have both the highest and lowest efficient banks at the same time. These interesting results fit with the development process of Chinese urban commercial banking, in which the market restructuring has contributed to banks’ efficiency.
The grain‐boundary resistance of CeO2 ceramics: A combined microscopy‐spectroscopy‐simulation study of a dilute solution
Authors: Parras Jana P. , Cao Chen , Ma Zheng , Mücke Robert , Jin Lei , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal , Guillon Olivier , De Souza Roger A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWeakly acceptor‐doped ceria ceramics were characterized structurally and compositionally with advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques and electrically with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The grain boundaries studied with TEM were found to be free of second phases. The impedance spectra, acquired in the range 703 ≤ T/K ≤ 893 in air, showed several arcs that were analyzed in terms of bulk, grain‐boundary, and electrode responses. We ascribed the grain‐boundary resistance to the presence of space‐charge layers. Continuum‐level simulations were used to calculate charge‐carrier distributions (of acceptor cations, oxygen vacancies, and electrons) in these space‐charge layers. The acceptor cations were assumed to be mobile at high (sintering) temperatures but immobile at the temperatures of the EIS measurements. Space‐charge formation was assumed to be driven by the segregation of oxygen vacancies to the grain‐boundary core. Comparisons of data from the simulations and from the EIS measurements yielded space‐charge potentials and the segregation energy of vacancies to the grain‐boundary core. The space‐charge potentials from the simulations are compared with values obtained by applying the standard, analytical (Mott–Schottky and Gouy–Chapman) expressions. The importance of modelling space‐charge layers from the thermodynamic level is demonstrated.
Impact of supportive implant therapy on peri‐implant diseases: A retrospective 7‐year study
Authors: Frisch Eberhard , Vach Kirstin , Ratka‐Krueger Petra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimFew data are available regarding the long‐term impact of supportive implant therapy (SIT) on peri‐implant diseases. We present long‐term results on the possible effects of SIT on the peri‐implant tissues.Material and methodsIn a private practice, 50 consecutive patients with 101 implants had attended an SIT programme for >6 years (SIT group). A second consecutive group comprised patients without SIT compliance (C group). We assessed pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), bone loss (BL) and implant hygiene (QHI). Correlations between SIT compliance and the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases were evaluated statistically.ResultsThe inclusion criteria were met by 48 patients with 98 implants (SIT group) and 43 patients with 121 implants (C group). SIT group: Mucositis rate 30%; mean PPD 3.76 ± 0.86 mm; bone loss 1.02 ± 0.85 mm, peri‐implantitis rate 4%. C group: Mucositis rate 68%; mean PPD 4.07 ± 1.18 mm; bone loss 1.53 ± 1.46 mm; and peri‐implantitis rate 17%. Significant associations were found between SIT compliance and reduced peri‐implant mucositis (p = .019), reduced highest PPD (p = .038) and peri‐implantitis rates (p = .027).ConclusionsPatients under SIT were associated with lower incidence of peri‐implant diseases. Patients without regular maintenance might exhibit a 4.25‐fold increased risk for peri‐implantitis. Therefore, SIT programmes should be considered essential.
Effect of salep‐based edible coating enriched with grape seed extract on postharvest shelf life of fresh strawberries
Authors: Emamifar Aryou , Ghaderi Zeinab , Ghaderi Nasir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEffects of novel edible coatings based on salep solution (SS) enriched with grape seed extract (GSE) (1.5% SS, 1.5% SS + 0.5% GSE, 1.5% SS + 1.5% GSE, 1.5% SS + 3% GSE) on the quality characteristics of fresh strawberries were monitored after 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days of storage (1°C, 95% RH). The lowest growth of microorganisms, weight loss, softening and ascorbic acid, phenol and anthocyanin degradation was measured in strawberries coated with 1.5% SS + 3% GSE. The highest superoxide dismutase activity and the lowest peroxidase activity were determined in strawberries coated with 1.5% SS + 3% GSE. Moreover, they received the highest ranked sensory attributes. Incorporating GSE into the SS coating formulation as a new hurdle increased its antimicrobial properties and extended the shelf life of coated strawberries compared to uncoated by up to 20 days.
The texture and taste of food in the brain
Authors: Rolls Edmund T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOral texture is represented in the brain areas that represent taste, including the primary taste cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the amygdala. Some neurons represent viscosity, and their responses correlate with the subjective thickness of a food. Other neurons represent fat in the mouth, and represent it by its texture not by its chemical composition, in that they also respond to paraffin oil and silicone in the mouth. The discovery has been made that these fat‐responsive neurons encode the coefficient of sliding friction and not viscosity, and this opens the way for the development of new foods with the pleasant mouth feel of fat and with health‐promoting designed nutritional properties. A few other neurons respond to free fatty acids (such as linoleic acid), do not respond to fat in the mouth, and may contribute to some “off” tastes in the mouth. Some other neurons code for astringency. Others neurons respond to other aspects of texture such as the crisp fresh texture of a slice of apple versus the same apple after blending. Different neurons respond to different combinations of these texture properties, oral temperature, taste, and in the orbitofrontal cortex to olfactory and visual properties of food. In the orbitofrontal cortex, the pleasantness and reward value of the food is represented, but the primary taste cortex represents taste and texture independently of value. These discoveries were made in macaques that have similar cortical brain areas for taste and texture processing as humans, and complementary human functional neuroimaging studies are described.
A pilot study on efficacy and tolerability of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT‐FD) for Japanese patients with focal dystonia
Authors: Kobayashi Kei , Sakamoto Takashi , Maruo Kazushi , Shinmei Issei , Mukai Yohei , Takahashi Yuji , Horikoshi Masaru 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal involuntary movement disorders such as dystonia are likely to be affected by a person's psychological state. Nevertheless, reports of the literature describing investigations of psychological interventions to dystonic patients are scarce. Patients with focal dystonia (FD) are left to confront various psychosocial difficulties. Ioannou and colleagues proposed a holistic approach to seek mechanisms of the basal ganglia associated with athletic performance from the perspective of neuro‐psycho‐motor‐cognitive perspective. This viewpoint endorses that treatment is not as simple as being solitary: Rather, it must incorporate physical, psychological, and social aspects. Empirical intervention studies using psychotherapy are urgently necessary.AimThe purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and tolerability of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT: hereinafter, CBT‐FD) in mental health and dystonia symptoms of patients with FD. This report is the first study of Japanese patients with FD followed up for one year after CBT‐FD intervention.MethodsWe administered 8 sessions of CBT‐FD to 15 patients without history of mental disorders who had focal dystonia and a score of 14 or higher on the Beck Inventory‐II. We evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of CBT‐FD.ResultsSignificant improvements were found in many scales. Most improvements were sustained for one year. Improvement of dysfunction occurred independently of a decrease in depression and anxiety levels.ConclusionsResults of this study suggest that CBT‐FD is effective for improving patient depression, anxiety, disability, pain, and quality of life including relation with the environment. We verified that CBT‐FD contributes safely to holistic recovery.
On the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis and Cyanobacteria
Authors: Sánchez‐Baracaldo Patricia , Cardona Tanai 
Published: October 2019

SummaryOxygenic phototrophs have played a fundamental role in Earth’s history by enabling the rise of atmospheric oxygen (O2) and paving the way for animal evolution. Understanding the origins of oxygenic photosynthesis and Cyanobacteria is key when piecing together the events around Earth’s oxygenation. It is likely that photosynthesis evolved within bacterial lineages that are not extant, so it can be challenging when studying the early history of photosynthesis. Recent genomic and molecular evolution studies have transformed our understanding about the evolution of photosynthetic reaction centres and the evolution of Cyanobacteria. The evidence reviewed here highlights some of the most recent advances on the origin of photosynthesis both at the genomic and gene family levels.
Clinical implications of immune‐mediated diseases in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Verstegen Ruud H. J. , Chang Krystal J. J. , Kusters Maaike A. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChildren with Down syndrome have changes in their innate and adaptive immunity, which contribute to increased rates of infections, autoimmune diseases, and haematological malignancies. While improved care for congenital heart disease has decreased mortality and morbidity, complications related to immune‐mediated diseases continue to limit the life expectancy in Down syndrome. Infectious diseases are common and have a significant effect on development, behaviour and quality of life. Infection frequency and severity are influenced by various anatomical and physiological alterations in addition to immunological changes in Down syndrome. Thus, prevention of respiratory tract infections requires a multifactorial approach. This could include additional active and/or passive immunizations, prophylactic antibiotics, immunoglobulin replacement and ear, nose and throat surgical interventions. Autoimmune conditions like coeliac disease, type I diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease are classically mentioned in the context of Down syndrome. However, autoinflammatory conditions are more prevalent as well. Screening for autoimmune diseases is required and immunosuppression has to be used with caution. Future studies should address optimal screening programmes for immune‐mediated diseases in individuals with Down syndrome, as well as the effect of immune modulation, to further decrease morbidity and mortality, and improve the quality of life of individuals with Down syndrome.
Soil strength influences wheat root interactions with soil macropores
Authors: Atkinson Jonathan A. , Hawkesford Malcolm J. , Whalley William R. , Zhou Hu , Mooney Sacha J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDeep rooting is critical for access to water and nutrients found in subsoil. However, damage to soil structure and the natural increase in soil strength with depth, often impedes root penetration. Evidence suggests that roots use macropores (soil cavities greater than 75 μm) to bypass strong soil layers. If roots have to exploit structures, a key trait conferring deep rooting will be the ability to locate existing pore networks; a trait called trematotropism. In this study, artificial macropores were created in repacked soil columns at bulk densities of 1.6 g cm−3 and 1.2 g cm−3, representing compact and loose soil. Near isogenic lines of wheat, Rht‐B1a and Rht‐B1c, were planted and root–macropore interactions were visualized and quantified using X‐ray computed tomography. In compact soil, 68.8% of root–macropore interactions resulted in pore colonization, compared with 12.5% in loose soil. Changes in root growth trajectory following pore interaction were also quantified, with 21.0% of roots changing direction (±3°) in loose soil compared with 76.0% in compact soil. These results indicate that colonization of macropores is an important strategy of wheat roots in compacted subsoil. Management practices to reduce subsoil compaction and encourage macropore formation could offer significant advantage in helping wheat roots penetrate deeper into subsoil.
Geometric accuracy improvement of WorldView‐2 imagery using freely available DEM data
Authors: Gašparović Mateo , Dobrinić Dino , Medak Damir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper provides geometric accuracy improvements for very high resolution WorldView‐2 (WV2) Ortho Ready Standard Level‐2A (ORS2A) satellite images in the panchromatic (PAN) band. The entire process can be divided into two steps: (1) sensor orientation, which was conducted on 40 ground control points (GCPs) to determine which sensor model was best depending on various numbers of GCPs; and (2) orthorectification, whose main objective was to compare the accuracy of the process when using different freely available global digital elevation models (DEMs). The research showed that a sensor model based on rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) with a shift or zero‐order bias correction attained the best geopositioning accuracy during the orientation step with the use of seven GCPs. The highest accuracy was achieved for images orthorectified with the ALOS World 3D‐30 m DEM (AW3D30).
Phytophthora agathidicida: research progress, cultural perspectives and knowledge gaps in the control and management of kauri dieback in New Zealand
Authors: Bradshaw R. E. , Bellgard S. E. , Black A. , Burns B. R. , Gerth M. L. , McDougal R. L. , Scott P. M. , Waipara N. W. , Weir B. S. , Williams N. M. , Winkworth R. C. , Ashcroft T. , Bradley E. L. , Dijkwel P. P. , Guo Y. , Lacey R. F. , Mesarich C. H. , Panda P. , Horner I. J. 
Published: October 2019

Kauri (Agathis australis), which is one of the world's largest and longest‐living conifer species, is under threat from a root and collar dieback disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora agathidicida. The noted incidence of kauri dieback has increased in the past decade, and even trees >1000 years old are not immune. This disease has profound effects on both forest ecosystems and human society, particularly indigenous Māori, for whom kauri is a taonga or treasure of immense significance. This review brings together existing scientific knowledge about the pathogen and the devastating disease it causes, as well as highlighting important knowledge gaps and potential approaches for disease management. The life cycle of P. agathidicida is similar to those of other soilborne Phytophthora pathogens, with roles for vegetative hyphae, zoospores and oospores in the disease. However, there is comparatively little known about many aspects of the biology of P. agathidicida, such as its host range and disease latency, or about the impact on the disease of abiotic and biotic factors such as soil health and co‐occurring Phytophthora species. This review discusses current and emerging tools and strategies for surveillance, diagnostics and management, including a consideration of genomic resources, and the role these play in understanding the pathogen and how it causes this deadly disease. Key aspects of indigenous Māori knowledge, which include rich ecological and historical knowledge of kauri forests and a holistic approach to forest health, are highlighted.
Contemporary Presidency: Which Presidents Are Uncommonly Successful in Congress? A Trump Update
Authors: Bond Jon R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article updates previous research that seeks to identify which presidents won more or fewer roll‐call votes than should be expected through Trump's first two years in office. Multiple regression models estimating the effects of key contextual variables known to influence roll‐call voting in Congress (party control, public approval, and party polarization plus interactions) establish a common baseline of predicted success. The errors reveal which presidents won more or less than should be expected given the political context. Consistent with earlier studies using different model specifications analyzing earlier periods and presidents, this updated analysis is unable to reject the null hypothesis that the errors are random, and we observe no more unusual outliers than would be expected to occur by chance. Trump's high success rates in the 115th Congress are about what should be expected with cohesive Republican majorities in both chambers.
Invasive alien plants and environmental remediation: a new paradigm for sustainable restoration ecology
Authors: Rai Prabhat K. , Kim Ki‐Hyun 
Published: October 2019

This article explores some fundamental aspects of ecological restoration dynamics when an ecosystem is exposed to and altered by environmental disturbances like invasive alien plants and metals/particulates. These dynamics are assessed in socioeconomic and phytoremediation terms with respect to the perspective of emerging nations (e.g. an Indo‐Burma global biodiversity hotspot). In this short report, we discussed the positive ecological uses of invasive alien plants in remediation/restoration of the contaminated environment. Therefore, the impacts of invasive alien plants on the ecosystem are analyzed as prerequisite for remediation/restoration efforts. The utility of an integrated approach is proposed as a promising option to help restore or sustain the socioecological systems from diverse disturbances.
Light verbs in verbal reduplication
Authors: Wang Chyan‐an Arthur , Wu Hsiao‐hung Iris 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBy drawing on new verbal reduplication data of tentative constructions in Mandarin Chinese, this paper provides an interesting argument for the conception of phases and its corollary, Phase Impenetrability Condition (Chomsky 2001, 2004, 2008). In particular, it is observed that common lexical verbs are compatible with two templatic reduplication patterns whereas an independent light verb is only allowed to occur in one reduplicative form. We demonstrate that the noted discrepancies can receive a proper characterization by admitting the special status of spelled‐out light verbvand the phase it introduces in a phase‐based model of syntax‐morphology interface computation, where it is hypothesized that derivations must proceed cyclically and locally.
The Vietnamese Version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire: Translation and Cross‐cultural Adaptation
Authors: Nguyen Thang , Cao Hoang T. K. , Quach Dung N. , Le Khanh K. , Au Sam X. , Pham Suol T. , Nguyen Thao H. , Pham Tam T. , Taxis Katja 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo translate and cross‐culturally adapt the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) into Vietnamese.MethodsWe followed the guideline by Beaton et al. (2000 & 2007). Stage I: two translators (informed and uninformed) translated the questionnaires. Stage II: the translations were synthesised. Stage III: back translation was performed by two translators fluent in both Vietnamese and English but naïve to the outcome measurement. Stage IV: seven experts reached consensus on the pre‐final Vietnamese version (BIPQ‐V and BMQ‐V). Stage V: field test of the questionnaires on 16 twelve‐year‐old students and 31 Vietnamese patients. In addition, we determined the internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the questionnaires in 34 Vietnamese patients with acute coronary syndrome.ResultsAll experts agreed that there was semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalence between the original and pre‐final Vietnamese versions of the BIPQ and BMQ. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the internal consistency were acceptable for the BMQ‐V Specific‐Necessity (0.64), BMQ‐V Specific‐Concerns (0.62) and BMQ‐V General‐Harm (0.60), with the exception of BMQ‐V General‐Overuse (0.27). Intra‐class correlation coefficients of the test–retest reliability were acceptable for the subscales of BMQ‐V (range: 0.77–0.86), and BIPQ‐V items (range: 0.62–0.85) with the exception of BIPQ‐V 1 (0.44, 95% CI −014 to 0.72) and BIPQ‐V 4 (0.57, 95% CI 0.22–0.81).ConclusionsThe Vietnamese version of BIPQ and BMQ are reliable tools to assess illness perceptions and beliefs about medicines of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Psychometric properties of these questionnaires should be tested in different patient populations.