bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of patients with follicular lymphoma treated first line with obinutuzumab
Authors: Opat Stephen , Dickinson Michael , Cheah Chan Yoon , Tam Constantine , Boulos Joy , Thorburn Alison Nicole , Trotman Judith 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecently, obinutuzumab was included in the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for use in first line, advanced or bulky stage 2, follicular lymphoma, providing more immunochemotherapy treatment options available than ever before. Rituximab with chemotherapy has been the standard of care since reimbursement in the late 1990s; however, obinutuzumab‐based regimens have shown superior progression‐free survival in comparison to rituximab‐based options, albeit at an increased risk of grade ≥3 adverse events. As median overall survival approaches 20 years or more, the long‐term effects and sequencing of any strategy should be considered. Here we discuss the considerations for selection of front‐line therapy, based on evidence and local Australian clinician experience, in the management of first line follicular lymphoma.
Effect of intravenous dexamethasone on postoperative pain after spinal anaesthesia – a systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Heesen M. , Rijs K. , Hilber N. , Eid K. , Al‐Oweidi A. , Rossaint R. , Klimek M. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThere are data suggesting that intravenous dexamethasone has an effect on postoperative analgesia when given during single‐shot spinal anaesthesia. However, the research literature is equivocal. We performed a systematic literature search followed by conventional meta‐analysis (random effects model). We used trial sequential analysis to control for type‐1 and ‐2 statistical errors. We also performed a leave‐one‐out meta‐analysis for our primary outcome, the consumption of intravenous morphine in the first 24 postoperative hours. We applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to rate the level of evidence. We obtained data from 1133 patients, reported in 17 trials. Reporting quality was high, with low risk of bias. Dexamethasone use was associated with a significant reduction in 24‐h morphine consumption, the mean difference (95%CI) being −4.01 (−5.01 to −3.01) mg, 6 trials, 326 participants, I2 = 0%. Trial sequential analysis showed that there was firm evidence for the primary outcome, and leave‐one‐out meta‐analysis showed that our result was not driven by one single trial. The GRADE evaluation showed a high level of evidence, suggesting that further studies are unlikely to alter the result. The time to first analgesic request (95%CI) was significantly prolonged by 86.62 (10.62–162.62) min, I2 = 93%, in the dexamethasone group. For other secondary outcomes including number of patients requiring rescue analgesia, or visual analogue scale pain scores, we found no evidence of a significant difference between the treatment arms. We report a high level of evidence that intravenous dexamethasone improves postoperative analgesia after spinal anaesthesia.
Acute decrease in plasma testosterone and appetite after either glucose or protein beverages in adolescent males
Authors: Schwartz Alexander , Hunschede Sascha , Lacombe Russel John Scott , Chatterjee Diptendu , Sánchez‐Hernández Diana , Kubant Ruslan , Bazinet Richard Paul , Hamilton Jill K. , Anderson Gerald Harvey 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveChronic testosterone blood concentrations associate with food intake (FI), but acute effects of testosterone on appetite and effect of protein and glucose consumption on testosterone response have had little examination.MethodsIn a randomized, crossover study, twenty‐three adolescent (12‐18 years old) males were given beverages containing either: (a) whey protein (1 g/kg body weight), (b) glucose (1 g/kg body weight) or (c) a calorie‐free control (C). Plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), GLP‐1 (active), ghrelin (acylated), glucose, insulin and subjective appetite were measured prior (0) and at 20, 35 and 65 minutes after the consumption of the beverage. FI at an ad libitum pizza meal was assessed at 85 minutes.ResultsTestosterone decreased acutely to 20 minutes after both protein and glucose with the decrease continuing after protein but not glucose to 65 minutes (P = 0.0382). LH was also decreased by both protein and glucose, but glucose had no effect at 20 minutes in contrast to protein (P < 0.001). Plasma testosterone concentration correlated positively with LH (r = 0.58762, P < 0.0001) and negatively with GLP‐1 (r = −0.50656, P = 0.0003). No associations with appetite, ghrelin or glycaemic markers were found. Food intake was not affected by treatments.ConclusionProtein or glucose ingestion results in acute decreases in both plasma testosterone and LH in adolescent males. The physiological significance of this response remains to be determined as no support for testosterone's role in acute regulation of food intake was found.
Transforming growth factor beta‐induced p.(L558P) variant is associated with autosomal dominant lattice corneal dystrophy type IV in a large cohort of Spanish patients
Authors: Campos‐Mollo Ezequiel , Varela‐Conde Yago , Arriola‐Villalobos Pedro , Cabrera‐Beyrouti Rubén , Benítez‐del‐Castillo José‐Manuel , Maldonado Miguel J. , Escribano Julio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImportanceRare transforming growth factor beta‐induced (TGFBI) gene variants are involved in autosomal dominant corneal dystrophies (CDs) with heterogeneous clinical features.BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyse TGFBI gene variants and genotype‐phenotype correlations in a cohort affected by atypical stromal CD.DesignRetrospective cohort study (from May 2014 to September 2017).ParticipantsThirty‐five individuals from 10 unrelated South European families presenting atypical lattice CD (LCD) were included.MethodsCorneal phenotypes were assessed by slit‐lamp examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Contrast sensitivity was measured under mesopic conditions. Genomic DNA was obtained from blood samples, and all 17 TGFBI exons were screened for variants by Sanger sequencing.Main Outcome Measuresp.(L558P) variant of TGFBI gene.ResultsThe p.(L558P) variant was identified in 22 members of the 10 families diagnosed with atypical LCD, characterized by late‐onset and absence of recurrent erosion syndrome. OCT revealed punctiform deposits in the deep‐mid stroma and normal anterior stroma. This variant was demonstrated to be transmitted with the disease according to autosomal dominant inheritance in most families.Conclusions and RelevanceTo the best of our knowledge, we describe a detailed clinical characterization of the largest CD cohort carrying the TGFBI p.(L558P) variant. We propose that the atypical phenotype of this recently reported alteration can be classified as a form of LCD type IV. The results show that OCT and anterior‐posterior analysis of the stromal location of the opacities, along with a genetic analysis of TGFBI, are required to ensure accurate diagnosis and management of CDs.
Likelihood of needing facial bone augmentation in the anterior maxilla of Chinese Asians: A cone beam computed tomography virtual implant study
Authors: Zhou Yiqun , Si Misi , Liu Yuelian , Wu Mengjie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe perfect position and axis of an implant is often limited by the morphology of the alveolar ridge, especially in Asians.PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the frequency at which ideal implant placement position in the anterior maxilla of Chinese Asians would require facial bone augmentation given by an initial facial bone profile.Materials and MethodsImplants were virtually placed in 303 sites without tooth loss in the anterior maxilla. The incidence and characters of implant facial plate fenestration were analyzed. If there was no facial fenestration, the thinnest buccal plate (TB) amount adjacent to the implant was measured and recorded.ResultsA total of 79 (26.07%) sites showed fenestrations. The mean length, width, and area of exposure in the fenestration sites were 2.94 ± 1.67 mm, 1.52 ± 0.97 mm, and 2.84 ± 3.13 mm2, respectively. In the nonfenestrated sites, the TB of facial bone around the virtual implants was 1.10 ± 0.78 mm. Among the 224 nonfenestrated sites, 126 sites had a TB of less than 1 mm.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that the initial facial bone profile should be considered when designing restorations and choosing an optimal implant position in the anterior maxilla.
Microscope and micro‐camera assessment of Schneiderian membrane perforation via transcrestal sinus floor elevation: A randomized ex vivo study
Authors: Gargallo‐Albiol Jordi , Sinjab Khaled H. , Barootchi Shayan , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to assess the effectiveness of using a microscope and non‐invasive camera for assessing sinus membrane perforations during transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE).Materials and methodsFive fresh human cadaver heads corresponding to eight maxillary sinuses (six bilateral and two unilateral) underwent 4 TSFEs per sinus (a total of 32 single site elevations). Each elevation was randomly assigned to receive a three or six mm membrane elevation height (MEH). A microscope and micro‐camera were used to assess the sinus membrane perforation. Afterwards, radiological and clinical membrane perforation assessments were performed. The statistical analysis results are expressed using the means, standard deviations, range values of the residual ridge height (RRH), residual ridge width (RRW), sinus membrane thickness (SMT) and incidence of perforation (IoP). Generalized linear methods were used to test for the correlation of RRH and MEH to the microscope and micro‐camera perforation assessments and the correlation of microscope and micro‐camera assessments with the post‐operative CBCT and crestal liquid evaluation.ResultsThe cumulative percentage of IoP was 40.62%, (23.07% with 3 mm MEH, and 76.92% with 6 mm MEH, p < 0.05). The perforation assessed using either the microscope or micro‐camera coincided with the post‐operative CBCT and crestal liquid assessment in 87.55% sites. No significant correlation was found between the microscope or micro‐camera assessments with RRH or MEH.ConclusionApplication of a microscope and micro‐camera during transcrestal sinus floor elevation may allow the detection of the integrity of the Schneiderian membrane with greater than 85% accuracy in this ex vivo model.
A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials in targeted treatments of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Jing‐Meng , Huang Zan‐Sheng , Xu Jian‐Cheng , Fan Ye 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) results in a progressively worsening course associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this comprehensive study was to determine the clinical efficacy of targeted therapeutic interventions for this disease.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane databases and Pubmed for relevant clinical studies. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of targeted treatments to control in CTEPH population were included. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random effect model. Heterogeneity was determined using the I2 statistic.ResultsThis analysis included 6 studies with a total of 565 patients. We found that targeted treatments approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) were associated with a larger improvement in exercise capacity, haemodynamic parameters, functional status and clinical symptom. There were no statistically significant differences associated with targeted treatments compared with control in all‐cause mortality and safety outcomes.ConclusionsThis is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials revealing a positive role of PAH‐targeted therapies in CTEPH. Future larger randomized trials with a focus on long‐term clinical outcomes are urgently needed.
Comparing Teachers’ Job Satisfaction across Countries: A Multiple‐Pairwise Measurement Invariance Approach
Authors: Zieger Laura , Sims Sam , Jerrim John 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is much interest in comparing latent traits, such as teacher job satisfaction, in large international surveys. However, different countries respond to questionnaires in different languages and interpret the questions through different cultural lenses, raising doubts about the psychometric equivalence of the measurements. Making valid comparisons depends on the latent traits displaying scalar measurement invariance. Unfortunately, this condition is rarely met across many countries at once. Different approaches that maximize the utility of such surveys, but remain faithful to the principles of measurement invariance testing, are therefore needed. This article illustrates one such approach, involving multiple‐pairwise comparisons. This enables us to compare teacher job satisfaction in England to 17 of the countries that participated in TALIS 2013. Teacher job satisfaction in England was as low, or lower, than all of the 17 comparable countries.
Parallel plasticity of mating songs and preferences in the field cricket Gryllus rubens
Authors: Beckers Oliver M. , Murphey Katherine J. , Pease Jacob R. , Norman Nicholas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn animal communication systems, matching mating signals and preferences enable species identification and successful reproduction. In some species, the environment introduces substantial variation in signals and/or preferences. Only a few studies have tested how the match between signals and preferences is maintained despite phenotypic variation. Signal–preference coupling in the context of phenotypic plasticity is the focus of this study. The bivoltine cricket Gryllus rubens displays seasonal differences in the pulse rate of its mating songs. The seasonal effect on other fine‐temporal characters of the songs besides pulse rate, such as pulse and interval duration, duty cycle, as well as the dominant frequency, is not known and is described in the first part of the study for a Kentucky population. In the second part of the study, we tested preferences of spring and fall females to determine whether they match the seasonal plasticity of male songs using single‐speaker phonotaxis experiments. We found that fall songs had a faster pulse rate, shorter pulse and interval durations, and a higher dominant frequency than spring songs. Female preferences shifted in parallel with male song plasticity, that is, spring females preferred the spring song and fall females the fall song. In addition, female responsiveness to male song was plastic as well, that is, fall females were significantly more responsive than spring females. The parallel plasticity of male songs and female preferences facilitates successful communication despite the environmentally induced variation. The potential origin and function of behavioral plasticity in G. rubens are discussed.
Governance interactions in small‐scale fisheries market chains: Examples from the Asia‐Pacific
Authors: Steenbergen Dirk J. , Fabinyi Michael , Barclay Kate , Song Andrew M. , Cohen Philippa J. , Eriksson Hampus , Mills David J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSmall‐scale fisheries are subject to various governing institutions operating at different levels with different objectives. At the same time, small‐scale fisheries increasingly form part of domestic and international market chains, with consequent effects for marine environments and livelihoods of the fishery‐dependent. Yet there remains a need to better understand how small‐scale fisheries market chains interact with the range of governance institutions that influence them. In this paper, we examine how multiple governance systems function along market chains, in order to identify opportunities for improved multiscale governance. We use three small‐scale fisheries with varying local to global market chains operating in the Asia‐Pacific region to develop a framework for analysis. Drawing from Interactive Governance theory we identify governing systems that have come to operate at particular sections in each market chain. We recognize four institutions that shape the governance over the length of the chain; namely those centred on (a) government, (b) private sector and pricing, (c) decentralized multistakeholder management and (d) culture and social relations. The framework shows how diverse arrangements of these governing institutions emerge and take effect along market chains. In doing so, we seek to move away from prescribed “ideals” of universal governing arrangements for fisheries and their market chains, and instead illuminate how governing systems function interactively across multiple scales.
Is TNF inhibitor exposure a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Authors: Petitpain Nadine , Devos David , Bagheri Haleh , Rocher Fanny , Gouraud Aurore , Masmoudi Kamel , Coquerel Antoine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTNFα modulation has been reported to be either beneficial or detrimental in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and therefore appears as a key issue. We analysed the relationship between TNFα inhibitor (TNFi) exposure and ALS. We performed descriptive analysis of ALS reports in patients treated with TNFi, registered in the French Pharmacovigilance Database (FPvD) and disproportionality analyses by the ‘case’/’non‐case’ method in FPvD and worldwide database (Vigibase®). The 8 retrieved ALS cases from the FPvD were 5 with limb‐onset and 3 with bulbar‐onset forms, in patients aged 43–75 years old, mainly treated for inflammatory rheumatism. The time to onset of the first symptoms ranged from 12 to 108 months, and the cumulative TNFi exposure before the diagnosis ranged from 12 to 120 months. TNFi was discontinued and thereafter survival ranged between 12 and 20 months. Disproportionality analyses showed significant associations between TNFi exposure and ALS in the FPvD and Vigibase® (160 ALS cases), regardless comparators. A putative association between TNFi and ALS must be interpreted cautiously, but TNFi could act as a predisposing or risk factor. TNFi should therefore be avoided in patients with a known risk of ALS and discontinued in the case of neurological signs of ALS.
Global patterns of intraspecific leaf trait responses to elevation
Authors: Midolo Gabriele , De Frenne Pieter , Hölzel Norbert , Wellstein Camilla 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElevational gradients are often used to quantify how traits of plant species respond to abiotic and biotic environmental variations. Yet, such analyses are frequently restricted spatially and applied along single slopes or mountain ranges. Since we know little on the response of intraspecific leaf traits to elevation across the globe, we here perform a global meta‐analysis of leaf traits in 109 plant species located in 4 continents and reported in 71 studies published between 1983 and 2018. We quantified the intraspecific change in seven morpho‐ecophysiological leaf traits along global elevational gradients: specific leaf area (SLA), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf area (LA), nitrogen concentration per unit of area (Narea), nitrogen concentration per unit mass (Nmass), phosphorous concentration per unit mass (Pmass) and carbon isotope composition (δ13C). We found LMA, Narea, Nmass and δ13C to significantly increase and SLA to decrease with increasing elevation. Conversely, LA and Pmass showed no significant pattern with elevation worldwide. We found significantly larger increase in Narea, Nmass, Pmass and δ13C with elevation in warmer regions. Larger responses to increasing elevation were apparent for SLA of herbaceous compared to woody species, but not for the other traits. Finally, we also detected evidences of covariation across morphological and physiological traits within the same elevational gradient. In sum, we demonstrate that there are common cross‐species patterns of intraspecific leaf trait variation across elevational gradients worldwide. Irrespective of whether such variation is genetically determined via local adaptation or attributed to phenotypic plasticity, the leaf trait patterns quantified here suggest that plant species are adapted to live on a range of temperature conditions. Since the distribution of mountain biota is predominantly shifting upslope in response to changes in environmental conditions, our results are important to further our understanding of how plants species of mountain ecosystems adapt to global environmental change.
Divergent long‐term trends and interannual variation in ecosystem resource use efficiencies of a southern boreal old black spruce forest 1999–2017
Authors: Liu Peng , Black T. Andrew , Jassal Rachhpal S. , Zha Tianshan , Nesic Zoran , Barr Alan G. , Helgason Warren D. , Jia Xin , Tian Yun , Stephens Jilmarie J. , Ma Jingyong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLong‐term trends in ecosystem resource use efficiencies (RUEs) and their controlling factors are key pieces of information for understanding how an ecosystem responds to climate change. We used continuous eddy covariance and microclimate data over the period 1999–2017 from a 120‐year‐old black spruce stand in central Saskatchewan, Canada, to assess interannual variability, long‐term trends, and key controlling factors of gross ecosystem production (GEP) and the RUEs of carbon (CUE = net primary production [NPP]/GEP), light (LUE = GEP/absorbed photosynthetic radiation [APAR]), and water (WUE = GEP/evapotranspiration [E]). At this site, annual GEP has shown an increasing trend over the 19 years (p < 0.01), which may be attributed to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Interannual variability in GEP, aside from its increasing trend, was most strongly related to spring temperatures. Associated with the significant increase in annual GEP were relatively small changes in NPP, APAR, and E, so that annual CUE showed a decreasing trend and annual LUE and WUE showed increasing trends over the 19 years. The long‐term trends in the RUEs were related to the increasing CO2 concentration. Further analysis of detrended RUEs showed that their interannual variation was impacted most strongly by air temperature. Two‐factor linear models combining CO2 concentration and air temperature performed well (R2~0.60) in simulating annual RUEs. LUE and WUE were positively correlated both annually and seasonally, while LUE and CUE were mostly negatively correlated. Our results showed divergent long‐term trends among CUE, LUE, and WUE and highlighted the need to account for the combined effects of climatic controls and the ‘CO2 fertilization effect’ on long‐term variations in RUEs. Since most RUE‐based models rely primarily on one resource limitation, the observed patterns of relative change among the three RUEs may have important implications for RUE‐based modeling of C fluxes.