bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iodine‐Mediated Synthesis of Methylthio‐Substituted Catechols from Cyclohexanones
Authors: Wu Yue‐Hua , Wang Nai‐Xing , Zhang Tong , Yan Zhan , Xu Bao‐Cai , Inoa Joan , Xing Yalan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA novel and efficient I2‐mediated direct synthesis of methylthio‐substituted catechols from cyclohexanones was developed. Various cyclohexanones underwent oxygenation, methylthiolation, and dehydrogenative aromatization in one pot to form the desired products in moderate to good yields. DMSO was utilized as the solvent, oxygen source, and methylthiolation agent. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed.magnified image
Glycosidase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Glycosyl Esters and Phenolic Glycosides of Aromatic Acids
Authors: Bassanini Ivan , Kapešová Jana , Petrásková Lucie , Pelantová Helena , Markošová Kristína , Rebroš Martin , Valentová Kateřina , Kotik Michael , Káňová Kristýna , Bojarová Pavla , Cvačka Josef , Turková Lucie , Ferrandi Erica E. , Bayout Ikram , Riva Sergio , Křen Vladimír 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhenolic glycosides occur naturally in many plants and as such are often present in the human diet. Their isolation from natural sources is usually laborious due to their presence in complex matrices. Their chemical and enzymatic syntheses have been found complex, time‐consuming, and costly, yielding only small amounts of glycosylated products. In quest of a convenient biocatalytic route to structurally complex phenolic glycosides, we discovered that the rutinosidase from Aspergillus niger not only efficiently converts hydroxylated aromatic acids (e. g. coumaric and ferulic acids) into the respective phenolic rutinosides, but surprisingly also catalyzes the formation of the respective glycosyl esters. We report here the results of a systematic study presenting the unique synthesis of naturally occurring glycosyl esters and phenolic glycosides accomplished by glycosidase catalysis. A panel of aromatic acids was tested as glycosyl acceptors and the crucial structural features required for the formation of glycosyl esters were identified. In the light of the present structure‐activity relationship study, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed. All the products were fully structurally characterized by NMR and MS.magnified image
Estimating restaurant willingness to pay for local beef
Authors: McKay Lettie C. , DeLong Karen L. , Jensen Kimberly L. , Griffith Andrew P. , Boyer Christopher N. , Lambert Dayton M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe suggest an approach for estimating restaurant willingness to pay (WTP) for local foods. Using a telephone survey of Tennessee restaurants and the contingent valuation method, we estimate restaurant WTP for Tennessee Certified Beef (TCB). Probit regressions were used to determine the factors associated with restaurant decisions to purchase TCB ground beef and sirloin steak. Beef price was negatively associated with restaurant adoption of TCB. Restaurants that were located in a city, located in the eastern region of Tennessee, offered local foods, and had a higher percentage of adults as clientele were more likely to purchase TCB ground beef. A restaurant's decision to offer TCB sirloin steak was positively associated with locations in Middle Tennessee, if the restaurant offered local foods, and if managers placed importance on sustainability. This study contributes to understanding local food supply chains and provides a framework for future studies of restaurant WTP for local foods. [EconLit citation: Q130].
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Enol Acetates Using Trifluoroacetic Anhydride
Authors: Garg Parul , Singh Anand 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA synthetic method for the radical trifluoromethylation of enol acetates using trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) is reported. This photochemical reaction is operationally simple and employs economical reagents and readily accessible enol acetate precursors. The mild conditions and good scope render this method a useful addition to the repertoire of reactions employing TFAA as a trifluoromethyl source.
Modular‐scale ethane to liquids via chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation: Redox catalyst performance and process analysis
Authors: Neal Luke , Haribal Vasudev , McCaig Joseph , Lamb H. Henry , Li Fanxing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe difficulties in the liquefaction and transportation of ethane in shale gas has led to significant rejection, via reinjection or flaring, of this valuable hydrocarbon resource. Upgrading this low‐value, isolated ethane into easily transportable liquid fuels is a promising solution to this supply glut. In this study, we present a modular system that can potentially be operated economically at geographically isolated gas‐processing facilities. The modular ethane‐to‐liquids (M‐ETL) system uses a chemical looping‐oxidative dehydrogenation (CL‐ODH) technology to efficiently convert ethane and natural gas liquids into olefins (primarily ethylene) via cyclic redox reactions of highly effective redox catalyst particles. The resulting olefins are then converted to gasoline and mid‐distillate products via oligomerization. CL‐ODH eliminates air separation and equilibrium limitations for olefin generation. It also simplifies the process scheme and reduces energy consumption. Here, we present experimental proof‐of‐concept data on CL‐ODH conversion of ethane to ethylene. Using the CL‐ODH performance data at 750°C, we show that a simple, single‐pass configuration can be economically viable at distributed sites. We identify that economic factors such as the capital cost, price of ethane feed, and value of electricity byproduct have strong effects on the required selling price of the liquids. It is also noted that the economic viability of the M‐ETL system is relatively insensitive to the liquid yield under a low ethane price scenario. The demand and value of electricity at distributed locations, on the other hand, can play an important role in the optimal process configuration and economics.
The Emergence of Organic Single‐Crystal Electronics
Authors: Jiang Hui , Hu Wenping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOrganic semiconducting single crystals are perfect for both fundamental and application‐oriented research due to the advantages of free grain boundaries, few defects, and minimal traps and impurities, as well as their low‐temperature processability, high flexibility, and low cost. Carrier mobilities of greater than 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 in some organic single crystals indicate a promising application in electronic devices. The progress made, including the molecular structures and fabrication technologies of organic single crystals, is introduced and organic single‐crystal electronic devices, including field‐effect transistors, phototransistors, p‐n heterojunctions, and circuits, are summarized. Organic two‐dimensional single crystals, cocrystals, and large single crystals, together with some potential applications, are introduced. A state‐of‐the‐art overview of organic single‐crystal electronics, with their challenges and prospects, is also provided.
Possibilities and Limitations of Different Separation Techniques for the Analysis of the Protein Corona
Authors: Weber Claudia , Morsbach Svenja , Landfester Katharina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges in the field of nanomedicine is the adsorption of biomolecules on the nanomaterial upon contact with a biological medium. The interactions of the resulting protein corona are essential for their behavior in a biological system. Thus, it is now commonly accepted that understanding the formation and consequently understanding the influence of the protein corona on the biological response is crucial. However, the outcome of the protein corona characterization cannot easily be compared between different studies and techniques, since many different sample preparation procedures exist that are suitable for different materials or methods. Depending on the applied procedure, the nanomaterial–protein system will be altered in a certain way, so that it is necessary to consider the individual influence on the protein corona. Accordingly, the aim of this Minireview is to give an overview of the applied sample preparation methods for the analysis of the protein corona and to evaluate their influence on the outcome of the results especially with regard to the introduced terms “soft” and “hard protein corona”. Special focus will be placed on the comparison of the most commonly used techniques such as centrifugation, magnetic, and chromatographic separation.
Evaluation of prenatal diabetes mellitus and other risk factors for craniofacial microsomia
Authors: Siebold Babette , Heike Carrie L. , Leroux Brian G. , Speltz Matthew L. , Drake Amelia F. , Johns Alexis L. , Kapp‐Simon Kathleen A. , Magee Leanne , Luquetti Daniela V. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesCraniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital condition that typically involves hypoplasia of the ear and jaw. It is often associated with adverse effects such as hearing loss and sleep‐disordered breathing. There is little research on its etiology.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study from maternal interview data collected from mothers of infants with and without CFM. The study included 108 children with and 84 children without CFM. Logistic regression with adjustment for demographic factors was used to evaluate associations between maternal exposures of interest and risk for CFM overall, as well as for different phenotypic sub‐groups of children on the CFM spectrum.ResultsWe found a statistically significant association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and CFM (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.6–10.5). The association was slightly attenuated after adjustment for BMI. Higher parity was also associated with increased risk for CFM (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–4.0). Vitamin A consumption and/or liver consumption was associated with a 70% lower risk compared with non‐users (OR 0.3, 95% 0.1–0.8). Maternal age at the time of pregnancy was not associated with CFM.ConclusionsThese analyses contribute evidence linking maternal DM with an elevated risk of having an infant with CFM, which is consistent with previous research and adds to the body of knowledge about the strength of this association. Further study is warranted to understand the potential mechanisms underlying the effect of DM in the developing embryo.
In Silico Metabolic Design of Two‐Strain Biofilm Systems Predicts Enhanced Biomass Production and Biochemical Synthesis
Authors: Patel Ayushi , Carlson Ross P. , Henson Michael A. 
Published: March 2019

Engineered biofilm consortia have the potential to solve important biotechnological problems that have proved difficult for monoculture biofilms and planktonic consortia, such as conversion of lignocellulosic material to useful biochemicals. While considerable experimental progress has been reported for engineering and characterizing biofilm consortia, the field still lacks in silico tools for simulation, design, and optimization of stable, robust, and productive designed consortia. We developed biofilm consortia metabolic models for two coculture systems centered around the ecological design motif of a primary cell type that utilizes a supplied electron donor and secretes acetate as a byproduct and a secondary cell type that consumes the acetate, relieving byproduct inhibition on the primary cell type and enhancing overall system biomass. The models presented in this paper predict that distinct metabolic niches for the two cell types could be established by supplying electron donors and acceptors at opposite ends of the biofilm and that acetate consumption by the secondary cell type could increase total biomass accumulation and the synthesis of valuable biochemicals, such as isobutanol, by the primary cell type. System tunability is enhanced when each cell type is supplied with a unique terminal electron acceptor at opposite ends of the biofilm rather than competing for a common electron acceptor. Our model provides good qualitative agreement with data for a synthetic Escherichia coli coculture system, suggesting that the proposed design rules may have wide applicability to engineered biofilm consortia.
An engineered mouse embryonic stem cell model with survivin as a molecular marker and EGFP as the reporter for high throughput screening of embryotoxic chemicals in vitro
Authors: Zang Ru , Xin Xin , Zhang Fengli , Li Ding , Yang Shang‐Tian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEmbryonic stem cell test (EST) is the only generally accepted in vitro method for assessing embryotoxicity without animal sacrifice. However, the implementation and application of EST for regulatory embryotoxicity screening are impeded by its technical complexity, long testing period, and limited endpoint data. In this study, a high throughput embryotoxicity screening based on mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) driven by a human survivin promoter and a human cytomegalovirus promoter, respectively, was developed. These EGFP expressing mESCs were cultured in three‐dimensional (3D) fibrous scaffolds in microbioreactors on a multiwell plate with EGFP fluorescence signals as cell responses to chemicals monitored noninvasively in a high throughput manner. Nine chemicals with known developmental toxicity were used to validate the survivin‐based embryotoxicity assay, which showed that strongly embryotoxic compounds such as 5‐fluorouracil, retinoic acid, and methotrexate downregulated survivin expression by more than 50% in 3 days, while weakly embryotoxic compounds such as boric acid, methoxyacetic acid, and tetracyclin showed modest downregulation effect and nonembryotoxic saccharin, penicillin G, and acrylamide had negligible downregulation effect on survivin expression, confirming that survivin can be used as a molecular endpoint for high throughput screening of embryotoxicants. The potential developmental toxicity of three Chinese herbal medicines were also evaluated using this assay, demonstrating its application in in vitro developmental toxicity test for drug safety assessment.
Analysis of population‐based colorectal cancer screening in Guangzhou, 2011‐2015
Authors: Zhiqiang Feng , Jie Cao , Yuqiang Nie , Chenghua Gong , Hong Wang , Zheng Sun , Wanglin Li , Yongjian Zhou , Liping Dai , Lizhong Zeng , DeJian Zhao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the detection rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyps by population‐based screening in Guangzhou.MethodsFrom January 2011 to December 2015, the residents aged 30‐79 were selected for CRC screening. The residents were conducted Questionnaires and/or FOBT to assess high‐risk groups, the free colonoscopy examination was recommended, and the results were evaluated in detail.ResultsThere were 98 927 residents involving screening, 5306 high‐risk residents identified (males 1859 and females 3447), and 4713 subjects underwent colonoscopy (males 1690 and females 3023). CRC was seen in 55 individuals (males 28 and females 27), and the detection rates in male were higher than in female (P = 0.019). And the detection rates increasing with age, for people over 60 years old, were obviously higher than those younger (x2 = 18.64, P = 0.000924).The polyps were seen in 1458 (30.94%) cases， and 1420 subjects received pathological examination (adenomas 971 and non‐adenomatous polyps 449). Advanced adenomas were seen in 462 cases (males 240 and females 222) and 509 cases of non‐advanced adenomas (males 255 and females 254). For advanced adenomas, the detection rates in male were higher than female (14.20% vs 7.34%, P = 2.64 × 10−14). For the detection rates of adenomas or advanced adenomas by age, the people over 40 years were higher than younger (20.91% vs 3.61% P = 7.87 × 10−6; 9.94% vs 2.41%, P = 0.009).ConclusionsFor Guangzhou residents, the detection rates of CRC and adenoma were 1.17% and 20.60%. The detection rates of CRC increasing with age, for people over 60 years old, were obviously higher than those younger. But for people over 40 years, the detection rate of adenoma and advanced adenoma was higher than younger. So for people over 40 years, the CRC screening is recommended.
Short‐ and long‐term results with a percutaneous treatment in critical hand ischaemia
Authors: Ruzsa Zoltán , Berta Balázs , Tóth Júlia , Nemes Balázs , Katona András , Hüttl Arthúr , Ungi Imre , Bertrand Olivier F. , Merkely Béla 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this prospective registry was to determine the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and thrombolysis in the treatment of critical hand ischemia (CHI).MethodsOne‐hundred one patients (aged 60.6 ± 15.3 years) were treated for CHI between 2012 and 2016 in three cardiovascular centers. Anatomically, the upper arm was divided into three segments (I‐subclavian, II‐brachial, and III‐forearm). We examined the rates of technical and clinical success, major adverse events (MAEs), and vascular complications at 1 year and at long‐term follow‐up.ResultsNineteen patients (18.8%) were treated for acute CHI, and 82 (81.2%) for chronic CHI. Median follow‐up was 36.9 (19.6–68.3) months. Clinical symptoms were isolated rest pain in 91 patients (90.1%) and digital ulcer or gangrene in 10 patients (9.9%). The technical and clinical success rate of intervention was 96.0% (97/101) and 84.2% (85/101) at 1 year. Angioplasty was performed in Segments I, II, and III in 28 (27.7%), in 29 (28.7%), and 44 (43.5%) patients. Stent implantation was necessary in 47 patients (46.8%). Vascular access site complications were found in 2.1% of the sample. After 1 year, MAEs occurred in 27 patients (26.9%), and the target lesion revascularization rate was 11.9%. In two patients (1.9%), thoracic sympatectomy was necessary, and two patients (1.9%) underwent minor finger amputations.ConclusionsAngioplasty of hand vessels for CHI is a feasible and safe procedure with acceptable rates of technical success and hand healing. MAEs are frequent because the rate of severe comorbidities is high.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Teicoplanin and C‐Reactive Protein in Hospitalized Patients With Gram‐Positive Infections
Authors: Ogami Chika , Tsuji Yasuhiro , Muraki Yuichi , Mizoguchi Akiko , Okuda Masahiro , To Hideto 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTeicoplanin is an antibiotic agent used for the treatment of Gram‐positive infections. The clinical benefit of teicoplanin is associated with its blood concentrations, but the optimal dosing regimen is not yet known. To explore the optimal individual dosing regimen, we performed a population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis targeting a large‐scale population, including patients with a wide range of ages, body weights, and renal functions. The PK of teicoplanin was described with a 2‐compartment model, and the PD of C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations was described with a turnover maximum inhibition model. The elimination half‐life of teicoplanin calculated from the final estimated parameters was 169 hours, and renal function was a significant covariate of teicoplanin clearance. The teicoplanin concentration producing 50% of the maximum inhibition of CRP production was estimated to be 2.66 mg/L. The minimum concentration of teicoplanin in patients with higher loading doses (15 mg/kg) reached the target range (15‐30 mg/L) with a probability of >50% in the dosing simulation. We described the influence of body size, body composition, and renal function on the PK of teicoplanin. The population PKPD model of teicoplanin and CRP in this study should provide useful information for development of a dosing strategy including the sequential clinical benefit of teicoplanin.
Does oral fluid contribute to exhaled breath samples collected by means of an electret membrane?
Authors: Garzinsky Ann‐Marie , Walpurgis Katja , Krug Oliver , Thevis Mario 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo date, blood (and serum) as well as urine samples are the most commonly collected specimens for routine doping controls, which allow for the analytical coverage of an extensive set of target analytes relevant to sports drug testing programs. In the course of studies to identify potential alternative matrices to complement current testing approaches, exhaled breath (EB) has been found to offer advantageous properties especially with regard to the sample collection procedure, which is less invasive, less intrusive, and less time‐consuming when compared to conventional blood and urine testing. A yet unaddressed question has been the potential contribution of oral fluid (OF) to EB samples. The current investigation focused on characterizing an electret membrane‐based EB collection device concerning a potential introduction of OF during the sampling procedure. For that purpose, EB and OF samples collected under varying conditions from a total of 14 healthy volunteers were tested for the presence of abundant salivary proteins using bottom‐up proteomics approaches such as SDS‐PAGE followed by tryptic digestion and chromatographic‐mass spectrometric analysis. The trapping baffles integrated into the mouthpiece of the EB collection device were found to effectively retain OF introduced into the unit during sample collection as no saliva breakthrough was detectable using the established analytical approach targeting predominantly the highly abundant salivary α‐amylase. Since α‐amylase was found unaffected by storage, smoking, food intake, and exercise, it appears to be a useful marker to reveal possible OF contaminations of EB collection devices.
Accounting for kin sampling reveals genetic connectivity in Tasmanian and New Zealand school sharks, Galeorhinus galeus
Authors: Devloo‐Delva Floriaan , Maes Gregory E. , Hernández Sebastián I. , Mcallister Jaime D. , Gunasekera Rasanthi M. , Grewe Peter M. , Thomson Robin B. , Feutry Pierre 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFishing represents a major problem for conservation of chondrichthyans, with a quarter of all species being overexploited. School sharks, Galeorhinus galeus, are targeted by commercial fisheries in Australia and New Zealand. The Australian stock has been depleted to below 20% of its virgin biomass, and the species is recorded as Conservation Dependent within Australia. Individuals are known to move between both countries, but it is disputed whether the stocks are reproductively linked. Accurate and unbiased determination of stock and population connectivity is crucial to inform effective management. In this study, we assess the genetic composition and population connectivity between Australian and New Zealand school sharks using genome‐wide SNPs, while accounting for non‐random kin sampling. Between 2009 and 2013, 88 neonate and juvenile individuals from Tasmanian and New Zealand nurseries were collected and genotyped. Neutral loci were analyzed to detect fine‐scale signals of reproductive connectivity. Seven full‐sibling groups were identified and removed for unbiased analysis. Based on 6,587 neutral SNPs, pairwise genetic differentiation from Tasmanian and New Zealand neonates was non‐significant (FST = 0.0003, CI95 = [−0.0002, 0.0009], p = 0.1163; Dest = 0.0006 ± 0.0002). This pattern was supported by clustering results. In conclusion, we show a significant effect of non‐random sampling of kin and identify fine‐scale reproductive connectivity between Australian and New Zealand school sharks.OPEN RESEARCH BADGES

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pd8612j.