bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Dehydroamino Acid Esters with Biscarbamate Protection and Its Application to the Synthesis of xCT Inhibitors
Authors: Yasuno Yoko , Mizutani Iho , Sueuchi Yuki , Wakabayashi Yuuka , Yasuo Nozomi , Shimamoto Keiko , Shinada Tetsuro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Tetsuro Shinada and co‐workers at Osaka City University and Suntory Foundation For Life Science. The image depicts new catalytic asymmetric synthesis (dragon ball), designed molecules (dragon), and the molecular target (xCT) on cancer cells (tiger). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201900289.
Chemical Modification of the sp‐Hybridized Carbon Atoms of Graphdiyne by Using Organic Sulfur
Authors: Yang Ze , Cui Weiwei , Wang Kun , Song Yuwei , Zhao Fuhua , Wang Ning , Long Yunze , Wang Huanlei , Huang Changshui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Changshui Huang and co‐workers at the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The image depicts sulfur‐decorated graphdiyne, which can provide more defects and storage sites, thus displaying good performance for energy storage devices. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201900477.
Electrocardiographic modifications induced by breast implants
Authors: Bun Sok‐Sithikun , Taghji Philippe , Errahmouni Abdelkarim , Laţcu Decebal Gabriel , Al Amoura Alaa , Enache Bogdan , Hugues Thomas , Yaïci Khelil , Saoudi Nadir 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundEchocardiography realization can be challenging in the presence of breasts implants (BI). It is less known if electrocardiograms (ECG) may be modified in the presence of BI.MethodsECG from women with BI (and without any known cardiac structural disease) were sent and analyzed by two experienced electrophysiologists (EP1 and EP2) who were blinded and completely unaware of the context of the patients (Group 1). ECG from a control matched‐group of female women without BI (Group 2) were also blindly sent for analysis.ResultsECG were collected from 28 women with BI (42 ± 8 years) without any acute medical condition. A proportion of 42% of the ECG were considered abnormal by EP1 and 46% by EP2. The abnormalities were for EP1: negative T waves (5), ST depression in inferolateral leads (2), absence of R wave progression from V1 to V4 (4), left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (1), long QT(1), early repolarization (1), short PR (1); For EP2: negative T waves (6), ST depression in inferolateral leads (2), absence of R wave progression from V1 to V4 (4), LV hypertrophy(3), long QT (1), early repolarization (1). ECG from group 2 were considered abnormal in only 1 patient (5%) for EP1, and normal in all for EP2 (P = 0.0002 between the groups).ConclusionsECG from women with BI were considered abnormal in 42% to 46% of the cases by expert readers. ECG interpretation can thus be misleading in these women.
Molecular Imaging of the Heart
Authors: Boutagy Nabil E. , Feher Attila , Alkhalil Imran , Umoh Nsini , Sinusas Albert J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTMultimodality cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to assess cardiac function, structure, and physiological parameters to facilitate the diagnosis, characterization, and phenotyping of numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as well as allows for risk stratification and guidance in medical therapy decision‐making. Although useful, these imaging strategies are unable to assess the underlying cellular and molecular processes that modulate pathophysiological changes. Over the last decade, there have been great advancements in imaging instrumentation and technology that have been paralleled by breakthroughs in probe development and image analysis. These advancements have been merged with discoveries in cellular/molecular cardiovascular biology to burgeon the field of cardiovascular molecular imaging. Cardiovascular molecular imaging aims to noninvasively detect and characterize underlying disease processes to facilitate early diagnosis, improve prognostication, and guide targeted therapy across the continuum of CVD. The most‐widely used approaches for preclinical and clinical molecular imaging include radiotracers that allow for high‐sensitivityin vivodetection and quantification of molecular processes with single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography. This review will describe multimodality molecular imaging instrumentation along with established and novel molecular imaging targets and probes. We will highlight how molecular imaging has provided valuable insights in determining the underlying fundamental biology of a wide variety of CVDs, including: myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, and nonischemic and ischemic heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. In addition, the potential of molecular imaging to assist in the characterization and risk stratification of systemic diseases, such as amyloidosis and sarcoidosis will be discussed. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:477‐533, 2019.
Slc26 Family of Anion Transporters in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Expression, Function, Regulation, and Role in Disease
Authors: Seidler Ursula , Nikolovska Katerina 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTSLC26 family members are multifunctional transporters of small anions, including Cl−, HCO3−, sulfate, oxalate, and formate. Most SLC26 isoforms act as secondary (coupled) anion transporters, while others mediate uncoupled electrogenic transport resembling Cl−channels. Of the 11 described SLC26 isoforms, the SLC26A1,2,3,6,7,9,11 are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, where they participate in salt and water transport, surface pH‐microclimate regulation, affect the microbiome composition, the absorption, and secretion of oxalate and sulfate, and other functions that require further study. Several intestinal or extra‐intestinal diseases are related to SLC26A mutations. Patients with congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD) suffer from Cl−‐rich acidic diarrhea and systemic alkalosis due to SLC26A3 mutations. Patients with osteochondrodysplastic syndromes experience skeletal defects due to SLC26A2 mutations, resulting in defective sulfate absorption in enterocytes and sulfate uptake in chondrocytes. Because of functional interactions between SLC26 and other proteins, such as the Cl−channel CFTR, some of the intestinal cystic fibrosis manifestations may be attributed to impaired SLC26 isoform localization and function. The altered expression of SLC26 members due to inflammation or operative procedures have important consequences on intestinal transport and barrier function in common diseases as inflammatory bowel disease or bariatric surgery. The present review gives an overview on the current state of knowledge of the intestinally expressed SLC26A isoforms (SLC26A1,2,3,6,7,9,11) from the history of their functional identification, cloning and expression, the insights into their function, interaction partners and regulation gained in heterologous expression systems and Slc26a‐deficient mice, to information about their transcriptional regulation and roles in gastrointestinal disease manifestations. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:839‐872, 2019.
Exercise and Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells
Authors: Landers‐Ramos Rian Q. , Sapp Ryan M. , Shill Daniel D. , Hagberg James M. , Prior Steven J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAutologous stem/progenitor cell‐based methods to restore blood flow and function to ischemic tissues are clinically appealing for the substantial proportion of the population with cardiovascular diseases. Early preclinical and case studies established the therapeutic potential of autologous cell therapies for neovascularization in ischemic tissues. However, trials over the past ∼15 years reveal the benefits of such therapies to be much smaller than originally estimated and a definitive clinical benefit is yet to be established. Recently, there has been an emphasis on improving the number and function of cells [herein generally referred to as circulating angiogenic cells (CACs)] used for autologous cell therapies. CACs include of several subsets of circulating cells, including endothelial progenitor cells, with proangiogenic potential that is largely exerted through paracrine functions. As exercise is known to improve CV outcomes such as angiogenesis and endothelial function, much attention is being given to exercise to improve the number and function of CACs. Accordingly, there is a growing body of evidence that acute, short‐term, and chronic exercise have beneficial effects on the number and function of different subsets of CACs. In particular, recent studies show that aerobic exercise training can increase the number of CACs in circulation and enhance the function of isolated CACs as assessed inex vivoassays. This review summarizes the roles of different subsets of CACs and the effects of acute and chronic exercise on CAC number and function, with a focus on the number and paracrine function of circulating CD34+ cells, CD31+ cells, and CD62E+ cells. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:767‐797, 2019.
Oxidation of a Dithieno[3,4‐b:3′,4′‐d]thiophene Cyclic Dimer Containing a Planar Cyclooctatetraene Ring: Retention of High Antiaromaticity During Reactions
Authors: Hamaoka Hinako , Shiroma Shun , Aburaya Kazuaki , Hasegawa Masashi , Nishinaga Tohru 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOne‐electron and peracid oxidations of dithieno[3,4‐b : 3’,4’‐d]thiophene cyclic dimer, which contains an antiaromatic planar cyclooctatetraene (COT) core, were conducted. The reaction of the cyclic dimer with SbCl5 produced isolable radical cation salts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the spin density of the radical cation resides not on the COT ring but on the peripheral sulfur and carbon atoms in the thiophene unit with retention of high antiaromaticity based on the nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS). The peracid oxidation of the cyclic dimer was found to proceed not on the COT ring but on the bridging sulfur atom in the dithienothiophene moiety. The retention of the high antiaromaticity of the COT ring after the sulfoxide formation was experimentally confirmed based on the relative hardness, and also was theoretically supported by NICS calculations. Interestingly, the DFT calculations suggested that the high antiaromaticity does not enhance the reactivity towards the epoxidation on the COT ring.
A UWB receiver with modified CS‐CG LNTA: Noise and nonlinearity analysis
Authors: Javadi Mohsen , Miar‐Naimi Hossein , Hosseini Andargoli Seyed Mehdi 
Published: March 2019

SummaryA modified common source‐common gate (CS‐CG) low‐noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) with an improved noise figure (NF), operational bandwidth, and power consumption are analyzed in this paper. The common source (CS) stage of the modified LNTA is utilized for noise cancellation and transconductance enhancement of the common gate (CG) transistor. Using these, NF, bandwidth, and power consumption are improved without using extra active elements. Noise analyses show the modified CS‐CG LNTA has lower NF than conventional CS‐CG LNTA. The linearity of the modified CS‐CG LNTA is calculated by Taylor series expression. Besides, a design procedure is proposed based on the obtained equations for linearity and NF. Finally, an ultra‐wideband (UWB) surface acoustic wave (SAW‐less) direct‐conversion receiver is designed in 65 nm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology. NF and third‐order intercept point (IIP3) of the designed receiver are simulated as 5 dB and −2 dBm, respectively. The receiver consumes 18.4 mA from a 1.8 V supply voltage.
Development of a ten‐element hybrid simulation platform and an adjustable yielding brace for performance evaluation of multi‐story braced frames subjected to earthquakes
Authors: Mojiri Saeid , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Christopoulos Constantin 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a ten‐element hybrid (experimental‐numerical) simulation platform, referred to as UT10, which was developed for running hybrid simulations of braced frames with up to ten large‐capacity physical brace specimens. This paper presents the details of the development of different components of UT10 and an adjustable yielding brace (AYB) specimen, which was designed to perform hybrid simulations with UT10. As the first application of UT10, a five‐story buckling‐restrained braced frame and a special concentrically braced frame (BRBF and SCBF) were designed and tested with AYB specimens and buckling specimens representing the braces. Cyclic tests of the AYB, one‐ and three‐element hybrid simulations of the BRBF, and four‐element hybrid simulations of the SCBF inside the UT10 confirmed the functionality of UT10 for running hybrid simulations on multiple specimens. The tests also indicated that AYB was capable of producing a stable hysteretic response with characteristics similar to BRBs. Comparison of the results of the hybrid simulations of the BRBF and SCBF with their fully numerical models showed that the modeling inaccuracies of the yielding braces could potentially affect the global response of the multi‐story braced frames further emphasizing the need for experimental calibration or hybrid simulation for achieving more accurate response predictions. UT10 provides a simple and reconfigurable platform that can be used to achieve a realistic understanding of the seismic response of multi‐story frames with yielding braces, distinguish their modeling limitations, and improve different modeling techniques available for their seismic response prediction.
Variations in the dynamic response of structures founded on piles induced by obliquely incident SV waves
Authors: Medina Cristina , Álamo Guillermo M. , Aznárez Juan J. , Padrón Luis A. , Maeso Orlando 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAlthough the seismic actions generally consist of a combination of waves, which propagates with an angle of incidence not necessarily vertical, the common practice when analyzing the dynamic behavior of pile groups is based on the assumption of vertically incident wave fields. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the angle of incidence of SV waves affects the dynamic response of pile foundations and piled structures. A three‐dimensional boundary element‐finite element coupling formulation is used to compute impedances and kinematic interaction factors corresponding to several configurations of vertical pile groups embedded in an isotropic homogeneous linear viscoelastic half‐space. These results, which are provided in ready‐to‐use dimensionless graphs, are used to determine the effective dynamic properties of an equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillator that reproduces, within the range where the peak response occurs, the response of slender and nonslender superstructures through a procedure based on a substructuring model. Results are expressed in terms of effective flexible‐base period and damping as well as maximum shear force at the base of the structure. The relevance and main trends observed in the influence of the wavefront angle of incidence on the dynamic behavior of the superstructure are inferred from the presented results. It is found that effective damping is significantly affected by the variations of the wave angle of incidence. Furthermore, it comes out that the vertical incidence is not always the worst‐case scenario.
A new macromodel for the assessment of the seismic response of infilled RC frames
Authors: Pantò Bartolomeo , Rossi Pier Paolo 
Published: March 2019

SummaryNumerous research studies have proved that numerical models aiming at an accurate evaluation of the seismic response of RC framed buildings cannot ignore the inelastic behaviour of infills and the interaction between infill and frame elements. To limit the high computational burden of refined non‐linear finite element models, in the latest decades, many researchers have developed simplified infill models by means of single or multiple strut‐elements. These models are low time‐consuming and thus adequate for static and dynamic analyses of multi‐storey structures. However, their simulation of the seismic response is sometimes unsatisfying, particularly in the presence of infill walls with regular or (particularly) irregular distributions of openings. This paper presents a new 2D plane macro‐element, which provides a refined simulation of the non‐linear cyclic response of infilled framed structures at the expense of a limited computational cost. The macro‐element consists of an articulated quadrilateral panel, a single 1D diagonal link, and eight 2D links and is able to model the shear and flexural behaviour of the infill and the non‐linear flexural/sliding interaction between infill and surrounding frame. The proposed macro‐element has been implemented into the open source software OpenSees and used to simulate the response of single‐storey, single‐span RC infilled frame prototypes tested by other authors. The above prototypes are selected as made of different masonry units and characterised by full or open geometric configuration.
Improving the flame retardancy of polypropylene by nano metal–organic frameworks and bioethanol coproduct
Authors: Xie Jiong , Shi Xiaowei , Zhang Mi , Dai Xiu , Wang Xinlong 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this work, a novel flame retardant system based on nano zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) and the distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) without traditional flame retardants has been designed and blended with polypropylene (PP) to prepare the green flame retarded composites. The influences of nano ZIF‐8 and DDGS on mechanical properties and flame retardancy of PP are studied. The results indicate that combination of nano ZIF‐8 and DDGS improves the mechanical properties of PP, and the tensile strength of the composites containing 29 wt% of DDGS and 1 wt% of nano ZIF‐8 reaches 34.0 MPa compared with 24.7 MPa of pure PP. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the composites containing 27 wt% DDGS and 3 wt% of nano ZIF‐8 is about 25.0% compared with 17.5% of pure PP. Besides, its horizontal burning velocity also decreases significantly. The char residues after burning of the PP composites are analyzed, and the mechanism is discussed in detail.
India's family planning market and opportunities for the private sector: An analysis using the total market approach
Authors: Mozumdar Arupendra , Acharya Rajib , Mondal Subrato Kumar , Shah Amit Arun , Saggurti Niranjan 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe private (commercial) sector in India can complement public sector for family planning services, but the roadmap to engage these two sectors remains a challenge. The total market approach (TMA) offers a strategy by understanding the comparative advantage of public, commercial, and nonprofit sectors. We estimated TMA indicators using data of four rounds of the National Family Health Surveys: 1992‐93, 1998‐99, 2005‐06, and 2015‐16. The contraceptive prevalence of modern methods in India did not increase in recent years, but the number of users increased, and so did the market size for the commercial sector. In rural areas, the current market size in 2015‐16 (75 million) failed to reach its potential size in 1992‐93 (84 million). In urban areas, the market of modern contraceptives is mostly composed of the users from higher wealth, and a high percentage of users obtain contraceptives from subsidized sources. The family planning market of northern part of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh and of Northeast India are in the “early” stage and need more demand generation; “matured” markets are mostly concentrated in and around big metros. Subsidization in urban areas should be offered to the targeted population who need family planning products and services at low cost.
A predictive formula for the Nusselt number of compressible laminar fluid flow passing the thermal developing zone of a hot tube
Authors: Abolpour Bahador , Shamsoddini Rahim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany of the industrial and engineering problems need to know the value of the convective heat transfer coefficient of fluid flows within various tools, systems, or tubes. In the present study, a predictive formula has been obtained for the Nusselt number for compressible laminar flows passing the velocity developed and thermal developing zone of a hot tube with different angles with the horizon. A fractional factorial experimental design method and an optimization method have been utilized for obtaining a width range and accurate formula. Finally, the ability of this formula has been examined using a set of testing data.
Biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction in inherited cystathionine β‐synthase deficient homocystinuria and the impact of taurine treatment in a phase 1/2 human clinical trial
Authors: Van Hove Johan L. K. , Freehauf Cynthia L. , Ficicioglu Can , Pena Loren D. M. , Moreau Kerrie L. , Henthorn Thomas K. , Christians Uwe , Jiang Hua , Cowan Tina M. , Young Sarah P. , Hite Michelle , Friederich Marisa W. , Stabler Sally P. , Spector Elaine B. , Kronquist Kathryn E. , Thomas Janet A. , Emmett Peggy , Harrington Mary J. , Pyle Laura , Creadon‐Swindell Geralyn , Wempe Michael F. , MacLean Kenneth N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudy ObjectiveA phase 1/2 clinical trial was performed in individuals with cystathionine
β synthase (CBS) deficient homocystinuria with aims to: (a) assess pharmacokinetics and safety of taurine therapy, (b) evaluate oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular function in CBS deficiency, and (c) evaluate the impact of short‐term taurine treatment.MethodsIndividuals with pyridoxine‐nonresponsive CBS deficiency with homocysteine >50 μM, without inflammatory disorder or on antioxidant therapy were enrolled. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, endothelial function (brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation [FMD]), and disease‐related metabolites obtained at baseline were compared to normal values. While maintaining current treatment, patients were treated with 75 mg/kg taurine twice daily, and treatment response assessed after 4 hours and 4 days.ResultsFourteen patients (8‐35 years; 8 males, 6 females) were enrolled with baseline homocysteine levels 161 ± 67 μM. The study found high‐dose taurine to be safe when excluding preexisting hypertriglyceridemia. Taurine pharmacokinetics showed a rapid peak level returning to near normal levels at 12 hours, but had slow accumulation and elevated predosing levels after 4 days of treatment. Only a single parameter of oxidative stress, 2,3‐dinor‐8‐isoprostaglandin‐F2α, was elevated at baseline, with no elevated inflammatory parameters, and no change in FMD values overall. Taurine had no effect on any of these parameters. However, the effect of taurine was strongly related to pretreatment FMD values; and taurine significantly improved FMD in the subset of individuals with pretreatment FMD values <10% and in individuals with homocysteine levels >125 μM, pertinent to endothelial function.ConclusionTaurine improves endothelial function in CBS‐deficient homocystinuria in patients with preexisting reduced function.
Shifting corporate social responsibility to corporate social opportunity through creating shared value
Authors: Moon Hwy‐Chang , Parc Jimmyn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractContributing to society is not simply a charitable gesture but can be a value creating activity when utilized with an appropriate strategy. Companies should attempt to move from “good corporation” to “smart corporation.” Society should also recognize that corporations are the organizations that create values in collaboration rather than just offering away some of their profits to society. When both corporations and society realize this mutually beneficial role, we can develop a virtuous cycle of increasing the benefits for both corporations and society.