bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervención en la Fuente de la Serreta. Rugat, Valencia, España. *** Intervention on the Serreta Fountain. Rugat, Valencia, Spain.
Authors: Alapont Ramón José Luis , Peña Cerdán Antonio 
Published: March 2018

Se presenta una de las dos actuaciones realizadas en Rugat, una pequeña población de la Vall d’Albaida (Valencia), de bajísimo presupuesto, obtenido de fondos FEDER, cuyo objetivo fue regenerar el entorno urbano, mediante la intervención en el escaso y degradado espacio público disponible. Ambos casos emplearon hormigón visto como material esencial, adaptando sus posibilidaddes formales, color y textura, a las posibilidades de cada emplazamiento. Además de mejorar accesos y conexión a edificios y calles existentes, el ayuntamiento deseaba obtener pequeños lugares de estancia y reunión para los vecinos, que otorgasen un mínimo de calidad y dignidad a estos espacios, cuyo único interés compartido era la presencia de sendas pequeñas fuentes públicas, entonces en desuso, que fueron incorporadas a la renovación urbana. La Fuente de la Serreta, ocupa un rincón entre dos calles curvas en acusado desnivel. La apuesta fue conciliar la verticalidad del terreno con la horizontalidad del programa, organizado en dos niveles, conectando ambas calles, con la fuente abajo y una plataforma superior, a la vez balcón y protección. Todo se resolvió con una única pieza de hormigón, a la vez cimiento, escalera, banco, muro, losa y pavimento, con un muro de mampostería y un fantástico árbol como fondo.***This paper describes two low-budget interventions carried out in Rugat, a small village in the Albaida Valley in Valencia, financed by FEDER funds. The aim was to regenerate the urban environment of the small and somewhat deteriorated available public space. In both cases concrete was used as the essential material, adapting its formal possibilities, color and texture to the conditions of each site. Besides improving access and the connections with existing buildings and streets, the local council wished to recover small leisure spaces and meeting places with the minimum standards of quality and dignity. The spaces’ only common interest was the presence of small public fountains, previously out of service, which were included in the renovation. The Serreta Fountain was on a corner between two curving streets on a steep slope. The challenge here was to merge the vertical aspect of the terrain with the horizontal design of the program, organized into two levels, connecting both streets with the fountain below and a platform above that acted as both balcony and protection. The entire project was achieved with a single piece of concrete that acted as foundation, steps, bench, wall, slab and pavement, with a masonry wall and spectacular tree in the background.
Non-Gaussianity and cross-scale coupling in interplanetary magnetic field turbulence during a rope–rope magnetic reconnection event
Authors: Miranda Rodrigo A. , Schelin Adriane B. , Chian Abraham C.-L. , Ferreira José L. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In a recent paper (Chian et al., 2016) it was shown that magnetic
reconnection at the interface region between two magnetic flux ropes
is responsible for the genesis of interplanetary intermittent
turbulence. The normalized third-order moment (skewness) and the
normalized fourth-order moment (kurtosis) display a quadratic
relation with a parabolic shape that is commonly observed in
observational data from turbulence in fluids and plasmas, and is
linked to non-Gaussian fluctuations due to coherent structures. In
this paper we perform a detailed study of the relation between the
skewness and the kurtosis of the modulus of the magnetic field
|B| during a triple interplanetary magnetic flux rope
event. In addition, we investigate the skewness–kurtosis relation of
two-point differences of |B| for the same event. The
parabolic relation displays scale dependence and is found to be
enhanced during magnetic reconnection, rendering support for the
generation of non-Gaussian coherent structures via rope–rope
magnetic reconnection. Our results also indicate that a direct
coupling between the scales of magnetic flux ropes and the scales
within the inertial subrange occurs in the solar wind. Keywords. Space plasma physics (turbulence)
Modeling anthropogenic and natural fire ignitions in an inner-alpine valley
Authors: Vacchiano Giorgio , Foderi Cristiano , Berretti Roberta , Marchi Enrico , Motta Renzo 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Modeling and assessing the factors that drive forest fire ignitions
is critical for fire prevention and sustainable
ecosystem management. In southern Europe, the anthropogenic component of wildland fire ignitions is especially
relevant. In the Alps, however, the role of fire as a component of disturbance regimes in forest and grassland ecosystems
is poorly known. The aim of this work is to model the probability of fire ignition for an Alpine region in Italy using
a regional wildfire archive (1995–2009) and MaxEnt modeling. We analyzed separately (i) winter forest fires, (ii) winter
fires on grasslands and fallow land, and (iii) summer fires. Predictors were related to morphology, climate, and land use;
distance from infrastructures, number of farms, and number of grazing animals were used as proxies for the anthropogenic
component. Collinearity among predictors was reduced by a principal component analysis. Regarding ignitions, 30 % occurred in
agricultural areas and 24 % in forests. Ignitions peaked in the late winter–early spring. Negligence from
agrosilvicultural activities was the main cause of ignition (64 %); lightning accounted for 9 % of causes across the
study time frame, but increased from 6 to 10 % between the first and second period of analysis. Models for all groups of
fire had a high goodness of fit (AUC 0.90–0.95). Temperature was proportional to the probability of ignition, and
precipitation was inversely proportional. Proximity from infrastructures had an effect only on winter fires, while the density
of grazing animals had a remarkably different effect on summer (positive correlation) and winter (negative)
fires. Implications are discussed regarding climate change, fire regime changes, and silvicultural prevention. Such
a spatially explicit approach allows us to carry out spatially targeted fire management strategies and may assist in
developing better fire management plans.
Wintertime dynamics in the coastal northeastern Adriatic Sea: the NAdEx 2015 experiment
Authors: Vilibić Ivica , Mihanović Hrvoje , Janeković Ivica , Denamiel Cléa , Poulain Pierre-Marie , Orlić Mirko , Dunić Natalija , Dadić Vlado , Pasarić Mira , Muslim Stipe , Gerin Riccardo , Matić Frano , Šepić Jadranka , Mauri Elena , Kokkini Zoi , Tudor Martina , Kovač Žarko , Džoić Tomislav 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The
paper investigates the wintertime dynamics of the coastal northeastern
Adriatic Sea and is based on numerical modelling and in situ data collected
through field campaigns executed during the winter and spring of 2015. The
data were collected with a variety of instruments and platforms
(acoustic Doppler current
profilers, conductivity–temperature–depth probes, glider, profiling float)
and are accompanied by the atmosphere–ocean ALADIN/ROMS modelling system.
The research focused on the dense-water formation (DWF), thermal changes,
circulation, and water exchange between the coastal and open Adriatic.
According to both observations and modelling results, dense waters are formed
in the northeastern coastal Adriatic during cold bora outbreaks. However, the
dense water formed in this coastal region has lower densities than the dense
water formed in the open Adriatic due to lower salinities. Since the coastal
area is deeper than the open Adriatic, the observations indicate (i) balanced
inward–outward exchange at the deep connecting channels of denser waters
coming from the open Adriatic DWF site and less-dense waters coming from the
coastal region and (ii) outward flow of less-dense waters dominating in the
intermediate and surface layers. The latter phenomenon was confirmed by the
model, even if it significantly underestimates the currents and transports in
the connecting channels. The median residence time of the coastal area is
estimated to be approximately 20 days, indicating that the coastal area may
be renewed relatively quickly by the open Adriatic waters. The data that were
obtained represent a comprehensive marine dataset that can be used to
calibrate atmospheric and oceanic numerical models and point to several
interesting phenomena to be investigated in the future.
Validation and Measurement Uncertainty Assessment of a Microbiological Method Using Generalized Pivotal Quantity Procedure and Monte-Carlo Simulation
Authors: Sossé Saad Alaoui , Saffaj Taoufiq , Ihssane Bouchaib 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Recently, a novel and effective statistical tool called the uncertainty profile has been developed with the purpose of graphically assessing the validity and estimating the measurement uncertainty of analytical procedures. One way to construct the uncertainty profile is to compute the β-content, γ-confidence tolerance interval. In this study, we propose a tolerance interval based on the combination of the generalized pivotal quantity procedure and Monte-Carlo simulation. The uncertainty profile has been applied successfully in several fields. However, in order to further confirm its universality, this newer approach has been applied to assess the performance of an alternative procedure versus a reference procedure for counting of Escherichia coli bacteria in drinking water. Hence, the aims of this research were to expose how the uncertainty profile can be powerfully applied pursuant to ISO 16140 standards in the frame of interlaboratory study and how to easily make a decision concerning the validity of the procedure. The analysis of the results shows that after the introduction of a correction factor, the alternative procedure is deemed valid over the studied range because the uncertainty limits lie within the acceptability limits set at ±−0.3 log unit/100 ml for a β = 66.7% and γ = 90%.
Un petit monde en Ontario. Application d’un modèle relationnel trialectique à la vie d’une communauté canadienne
Authors: Vautier Claude 
Published: March 2018

Face aux controverses encore vives entre les tenants du sujet et ceux des structures, entre ceux qui pensent que l’action est au centre de la sociologie et ceux qui sont convaincus que ce sont les systèmes sociétaux qui constituent la source de la dynamique sociale, nous pouvons ouvrir des voies nouvelles.Dans cet article, je cherche à démontrer qu’il est possible de sortir des approches actionnistes, structuralistes, de même que phénoménologiques, pour comprendre les phénomènes sociétaux. Pour ce faire, j’essaie de réintroduire une catégorie oubliée, l’événement, comme une catégorie importante de la recherche en sociologie. Mais, plus important, je propose un modèle relationnel qui étudie, non les catégories, mais les relations entre les catégories. Il ne le fait pas à la façon des modèles de la théorie des réseaux en étudiant les « relations entre », mais en se concentrant sur le caractère hologrammatique des systèmes sociétaux, c’est-à-dire sur l’idée selon laquelle individu, système et événement sont simplement indissociables les uns des autres.Le modèle repose sur l’étude des liens qui unissent de façon très intime les catégories en question. Ces liaisons sont telles que chaque catégorie est étudiée dans sa relation avec chacune des deux autres puis dans son rapport au rapport entre les deux autres. L’application empirique réalisée montre que l’on peut ainsi mieux comprendre les chemins ou histoires de vie de membres d’une petite communauté du nord-est de l’Ontario, leurs évolutions, voire leurs bifurcations, dans certains cas, qu’avec des modèles reposant sur les ressorts de l’action ou ceux des structures.
Opportunistic Market‐Driven Regional Shifts of Cropping Practices Reduce Food Production Capacity of China
Authors: Yuan Wenping , Liu Shuguang , Liu Wei , Zhao Shuqing , Dong Wenjie , Tao Fulu , Chen Min , Lin Hui 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChina is facing the challenge of feeding a growing population with the declining cropland and increasing shortage of water resources under the changing climate. This study identified that the opportunistic profit‐driven shifts of planting areas and crop species composition have strongly reduced the food production capacity of China. First, the regional cultivation patterns of major crops in China have substantially shifted during the past five decades. Southeast and South China, the regions with abundant water resources and fewer natural disasters, have lost large planting areas of cropland in order to pursue industry and commerce. Meanwhile, Northeast and Northwest China, the regions with low water resources and frequent natural disasters, have witnessed increases in planting areas. These macroshifts have reduced the national food production by 1.02% per year. The lost grain production would have been enough to feed 13 million people. Second, the spatial shifts have been accompanied by major changes in crop species composition, with substantial increases in planting area and production of maize, due to its low water consumption and high economic returns. Consequently, the stockpile of maize in China has accounted for more than half of global stockpile, and the stock to use ratio of maize in China has exceeded the reliable level. Market‐driven regional shifts of cropping practices have resulted in larger irrigation requirements and aggravated environmental stresses. Our results highlighted the need for Chinese food policies to consider the spatial shifts in cultivation, and the planting crop compositions limited by regional water resources and climate change.
Motions of the Convection Reversal Boundary and Local Plasma in the High‐Latitude Ionosphere
Authors: Chen Yun‐Ju , Heelis Roderick A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present results from a systematic study of multisatellite samplings from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F13, F15, F16, F17, and F18 satellites over the period from 2007 to 2015 that describe the motion of the convection reversal boundary (CRB) and the local plasma flow across it. Focusing on the cases with continuous poleward and equatorward CRB motion sampled by three consecutive satellites within 50 min, 45% of the time the CRB motion may deviate from the local plasma motion near dawn and dusk where the reconnection process is unlikely to be present. Differences in the inferred CRB motion and the local plasma motion may arise from apparent motion induced by the local time displacement of consecutive samples across the CRB that is tilted with respect to a line of constant latitude. The presence of a viscous‐like interaction across the CRB can also contribute to the difference in the CRB and plasma motion. Accounting for these processes, the CRB motion and the motion of the plasma at the CRB are consistent only if a back and forth motion over a timescale of a few minutes is superimposed on a monotonic migration of the CRB over longer time periods.
Strong Sporadic E Occurrence Detected by Ground‐Based GNSS
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Ning Baiqi , Yue Xinan , Li Guozhu , Hu Lianhuan , Chang Shoumin , Lan Jiaping , Zhu Zhengping , Zhao Biqiang , Lin Jian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe ionospheric sporadic E (Es) layer has significant impact on radio wave propagation. The traditional techniques employed for Es layer observation, for example, ionosondes, are not dense enough to resolve the morphology and dynamics of Es layer in spatial distribution. The ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technique is expected to shed light on the understanding of regional strong Es occurrence, owing to the facts that the critical frequency (foEs) of strong Es structure is usually high enough to cause pulse‐like disturbances in GNSS total electron content (TEC), and a large number of GNSS receivers have been deployed all over the world. Based on the Chinese ground‐based GNSS networks, including the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China and the Beidou Ionospheric Observation Network, a large‐scale strong Es event was observed in the middle latitude of China. The strong Es shown as a band‐like structure in the southwest‐northeast direction extended more than 1,000 km. By making a comparative analysis of Es occurrences identified from the simultaneous observations by ionosondes and GNSS TEC receivers over China middle latitude statistically, we found that GNSS TEC can be well employed to observe strong Es occurrence with a threshold value of foEs, 14 MHz.
Shapes of Magnetically Controlled Electron Density Structures in the Dayside Martian Ionosphere
Authors: Diéval C. , Kopf A. J. , Wild J. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNonhorizontal localized electron density structures associated with regions of near‐radial crustal magnetic fields are routinely detected via radar oblique echoes on the dayside of Mars with the ionospheric sounding mode of the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) radar onboard Mars Express. Previous studies mostly investigated these structures at a fixed plasma frequency and assumed that the larger apparent altitude of the structures compared to the normal surrounding ionosphere implied that they are bulges. However, the signal is subjected to dispersion when it propagates through the plasma, so interpretations based on the apparent altitude should be treated with caution. We go further by investigating the frequency dependence (i.e., the altitude dependence) of the shape of 48 density structure events, using time series of MARSIS electron density profiles corrected for signal dispersion. Four possible simplest shapes are detected in these time series, which can give oblique echoes: bulges, dips, downhill slopes, and uphill slopes. The altitude differences between the density structures and their edges are, in absolute value, larger at low frequency (high altitude) than at high frequency (low altitude), going from a few tens of kilometers to a few kilometers as frequency increases. Bulges dominate in numbers in most of the frequency range. Finally, the geographical extension of the density structures covers a wide range of crustal magnetic fields orientations, with near‐vertical fields toward their center and near‐horizontal fields toward their edges, as expected. Transport processes are suggested to be a key driver for these density structures.
Improved Global Net Surface Heat Flux
Authors: Carton James A. , Chepurin Gennady A. , Chen Ligan , Grodsky Semyon A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSurface heat flux estimates from widely used atmospheric reanalyses differ locally by 10–30 W m−2even in time mean. Here a method is presented to help identify the errors causing these differences and to reduce these errors by exploiting hydrographic observations and the resulting temperature increments produced by an ocean reanalysis. The method is applied to improve the climatological monthly net surface heat fluxes from three atmospheric reanalyses: MERRA‐2, ERA‐Interim, and JRA‐55, during an 8 year test period 2007–2014. The results show that the time mean error, as evaluated by consistency with the ocean heat budget, is reduced to less than ±5 W m−2over much of the subtropical and midlatitude ocean. For the global ocean, after all the corrections have been made, the 8 year mean global net surface heat imbalance has been reduced to 3.4 W m−2. A method is also presented to quantify the uncertainty in the heat flux estimates by repeating the procedure with many different atmospheric reanalyses and then examining the resulting spread in estimates. This reevaluation of net surface flux reveals, among other results, that the Southern Ocean is a source of heat to the atmosphere.
A Distributed Snow‐Evolution Model for Sea‐Ice Applications (SnowModel)
Authors: Liston Glen E. , Polashenski Chris , Rösel Anja , Itkin Polona , King Jennifer , Merkouriadi Ioanna , Haapala Jari 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSnow‐depth distributions on sea ice have substantial impacts on winter ice growth and summer ice melt. There are two types of wind‐related snow distributions in this environment: snowdrifts that form around ice pressure ridges; and snow dunes and other snow bedforms that form on relatively level, undeformed ice. A snow‐evolution modeling system (SnowModel) was tested against winter snow observations collected during the Norwegian young sea ICE expedition (N‐ICE2015) north of Svalbard, with an emphasis on reproducing these two types of snow distributions. The SnowModel simulation spanned 1 year, summer 2014 through summer 2015, over a 1.5 km by 1.5 km domain, using a 1 m horizontal grid increment and 3 h time step. Existing SnowModel components, created originally for terrestrial applications, performed energy balance, snow property, snowdrift, and data assimilation calculations in response to prescribed meteorological forcings. A new SnowModel component, SnowDunes, was created to simulate snow‐bedform distributions on level, undeformed ice. Model results reproduced observed snowdrift profiles around pressure ridges and snow‐depth distributions over level, undeformed ice, resulting in physically realistic snow heterogeneity and property information. We conclude that the SnowModel toolkit contains the components required to simulate most processes driving the seasonal distribution of snow on sea ice. SnowModel can evolve snow on sea ice over local to pan‐Arctic areas, using grid increments ranging from 1 m to tens of km, and time increments of subhourly to daily.
Simultaneous Fabrication and Functionalization of Nanoparticles of 2D Materials with Hybrid Optical Properties
Authors: Ibrahim Khaled H. , Irannejad Mehrdad , Wales Benji , Sanderson Joseph , Yavuz Mustafa , Musselman Kevin P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA general, rapid technique is introduced to simultaneously fabricate and functionalize nanoparticles of 2D materials. A femtosecond laser is used to irradiate flakes of 2D materials in an ethanol‐containing solvent. The highly energetic laser pulses exfoliate and cleave the flakes into nanosheets with diameters of ≈3 nm and simultaneously dissociate the solvent molecules. The dissociated carbon and oxygen atoms bond with the freshly cleaved 2D nanoparticles to satisfy edge sites, resulting in the formation of hybrid 2D nanoparticles that contain graphene‐like carbon domains as well as the host material. The technique is demonstrated for molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), tungsten disulfide (WS2), and boron nitride (BN) flakes. Notably, the hybrid nanoparticles are formed in as little as 20 min without toxic or corrosive chemicals and are multifunctional. Photoluminescence and absorption owing to both the carbon domains and host 2D material (MoS2, WS2, or BN) are observed. This novel hybrid optical behavior makes these materials promising for emerging nanoelectronic and nanophotonic applications.