bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical practice guidelines for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis: Qualitative appraisals and synthesis of recommendations
Authors: Wainberg Sheila Kalb , Santos Nathalia Celini Leite , Gabriel Franciele Cordeiro , de Vasconcelos Luciana Pereira , Nascimento Jéssica Santos , de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino Caroline , de Melo Daniela Oliveira 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRationale, goals, and objectivesClinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for preoperative care have been developed for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP). The objective of this study was to synthetize recommendations for SAP based on best‐evaluated CPGs.MethodsA systematic literature search for documents related to SAP, published between January 2011 and December 2016, was conducted on MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and specific CPG websites. Three reviewers independently assessed the rigour of development and editorial independence of CPGs based on domains 3 and 6 of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument. CPGs with domain 3 scores of 50% and greater were selected for synthesis of recommendations. Two reviewers independently extracted CPG recommendations from among these documents. A third reviewer performed the synthesis of recommendations.ResultsThe search retrieved 363 documents, of which 29 CPGs were appraised using AGREE II. Only eight (28%) scored 50% and greater in domain 3. Most CPGs addressed topics related to preoperative care, including SAP. No conflicting recommendations were found, and most recommendations were based on clinical practice. The only recommendation for which there was a difference among CPGs was with respect to the time to initiate the administration of antibiotics (1 hour before or close to the time of the surgical incision). Four CPGs provide recommendations that demonstrate concern about inadequate SAP prolongation.ConclusionSeveral CPGs for SAP were developed without the desired methodological rigour or transparency. Synthesis of recommendations for best‐evaluated CPGs provides a broad approach owing to the complementarity of the recommendations.
Morphology and Phylogeny of Four New Vorticella Species (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) from Coastal Waters of Southern China
Authors: Liang Ziyao , Shen Zhuo , Zhang Yong , Ji Daode , Li Jiqiu , Warren Alan , Lin Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFour new species of Vorticella, V. parachiangi sp. n., V. scapiformis sp. n., V. sphaeroidalis sp. n., and V. paralima sp. n., were isolated from coastal brackish waters of southern China. Their morphology, infraciliature, and silverline system were investigated based on observations of specimens both in vivo and following silver staining. Vorticella parachiangi sp. n. is distinguished by: a J‐shaped macronucleus; a single dorsally located contractile vacuole; a two‐rowed infundibular polykinetid 3, in which row 1 is shorter than row 2; 21–31 silverlines between peristome and aboral trochal band, 6–11 between aboral trochal band and scopula. Vorticella scapiformis sp. n. is characterized by its conspicuously thin and irregularly edged peristomial lip; a J‐shaped macronucleus; a single, ventrally located contractile vacuole; row 1 of the infundibular polykinetid 3 proximally shortened; 18–25 silverlines between peristome and aboral trochal band, 8–12 between aboral trochal band and scopula. Vorticella sphaeroidalis sp. n. can be identified by its small, sub‐spherical zooid; a C‐shaped macronucleus; a ventrally located contractile vacuole; an aboral trochal band adjacent to the scopula; 16–18 silverlines between persitome and aboral trochal band, two between aboral trochal band and scopula. Vorticella paralima sp. n. can be identified by its ovoidal zooid; a J‐shaped macronucleus; a dorsally positioned contractile vacuole; rows 1 and 2 of the infundibular polykinetid 3 proximally shortened; 26–35 silverlines from peristome to aboral trochal band, and 7–13 from aboral trochal band to scopula. The SSU rDNA genes of these four species were sequenced and their phylogeny was analyzed.
Personal characteristics and outcomes of individuals with developmental disabilities who need support for self‐injurious behaviour
Authors: Bradley V. , Hiersteiner D. , Rotholz D. , Maloney J. , Li H. , Bonardi A. , Bershadsky J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundFor people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, self‐injurious behaviour (SIB) can have serious negative effects on both health and quality of life. This descriptive analysis will provide information on the characteristics and outcomes of a subsample of individuals who are identified as needing some or extensive support for SIB in the National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey sample.MethodsThe data for this analysis come from states that participated in the 2015–2016 data collection cycle of National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey which is a face‐to‐face survey of adults receiving services through state developmental disability agencies.ResultsThe characteristics and outcomes of individuals who need at least some support for SIB differ from those of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities who do not need support for SIB. Individuals with SIB support needs, for example, tend to live in more structured settings, have fewer relationships, less inclusion in their communities and poorer employment outcomes.ConclusionsThe exploratory descriptive analysis concludes with suggested recommendations for more standardised definitions of SIB in public systems, enhanced behaviour plan protocols and the need for additional research.
Male‐pattern baldness, common latent viruses, and microcompetition
Authors: Polansky Hanan , Kestenbaum Emily H 
Published: July 2018

SummaryMany studies link the development of androgen‐related disorders to the overexpression of two proteins, 5α‐reductase and androgen receptor (AR). In this commentary, we use microcompetition to explain how common latent viruses can cause transcription factor deficiency, overexpression of 5α‐reductase and AR, and male‐pattern baldness.
Effects of maternity yoga on the autonomic nervous system during pregnancy
Authors: Hayase Mako , Shimada Mieko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo elucidate the changes in the daily variation seen in the autonomic nervous system during pregnancy brought about by maternity yoga and to evaluate how maternal yoga affects stress and sleep.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal study was conducted between January 2013 and December 2014. Pregnant women who were attending maternity yoga classes at Palmore Hospital between 20 and 23 weeks’ gestation were enrolled as the yoga group, and a matched control group was also enrolled. Study participants completed questionnaires, including a perceived stress scale and sleep logs, during their second and third trimesters. Heart rate variability and salivary α‐amylase levels were evaluated as stress indices at 20–23 weeks’ gestation, 28–31 weeks’ gestation and 36–40 weeks’ gestation.ResultsA total of 38 women were in the yoga group, with 53 in the control group. At 28–31 weeks’ gestation, heart rate variability during night and late‐night periods was significantly higher in the yoga group than in the control group. At 36–40 weeks’ gestation, variability between the morning, afternoon and late night was significantly higher in the yoga group. Salivary α‐amylase levels decreased significantly immediately after practicing yoga during all evaluation periods in the yoga group. Night‐time sleep duration was significantly longer in the yoga group.ConclusionOur results suggest that practicing yoga activates the parasympathetic nervous system during the third trimester of pregnancy, consolidating sleep during the night and decreasing α‐amylase levels, which indicates reduced stress.
Low serum folate status in the second trimester increase the risk of low birthweight in Chinese women
Authors: Zhu Xiujuan , Wei Luyun , Cao Dehao , Liu Chaoqun , Tian Jiarong , Long Yu , Huang Shengzhu , Ou Liqian , Yang Xiaobo , Mo Zengnan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the influence of maternal folate and vitamin B12 (B12) status during pregnancy on the incidence of low birthweight (LBW) infants.MethodsA total of 6203 eligible women registered in seven hospitals in southern China, and 230 cases with singleton live births and 382 controls were matched for further analyses. The concentrations of serum folate and B12 were detected with chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay on ARCHITECT i2000‐1. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the effects of folate and B12 levels on LBW.ResultsMaternal serum folate levels increased basically with increasing the period of folic acid supplementation (P trend <0.001). Moreover, maternal serum folate and B12 levels gradually decreased with the increase of gestational age (P < 0.001). Conditional logistic regressions analysis results showed increased odds ratios (OR) for LBW from the fourth to first folate quartiles (P trend <0.01) in the second trimester. Compared with the women in the highest quartile, those in the lowest quartile of serum folate in the second trimester were found with higher risk of LBW (adjusted OR = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–2.73). However, no significant association was observed between serum folate and LBW in the first trimester or third trimester. In addition, serum B12 exhibited no significant association with LBW.ConclusionsLow serum folate levels in the second trimester significantly increases the risk of LBW amongst Chinese women with singleton pregnancies.
Validation of a purpose‐built chewing gum and smartphone application to evaluate chewing efficiency
Authors: Buser Ramona , Ziltener Valerie , Samietz Stefanie , Fontolliet Marta , Nef Tobias , Schimmel Martin 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectivesTo validate a purpose‐built two‐coloured chewing gum (Hue‐Check Gum®), and to test the accuracy of a custom‐built smartphone application for a colour‐mixing ability test to assess chewing function.MethodsFully dentate participants (28D‐group) and edentulous participants with implant overdentures (IOD‐group) were recruited. They chewed a Hue‐Check Gum®for 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 chewing cycles, respectively. Maximum voluntary bite force (MBF) was assessed with a digital gauge. The specimens were analysed according to their colour mixture (variance of hue,VOH) with a validated software (VOH_scan) and a newly developed smartphone application (VOH_app).ResultsParticipants segregated by dental state were significantly different regarding the number of occluding pairs of teeth, age andMBF.VOH_scan showed a negative logarithmic association with the number of chewing cycles, andVOHcould be predicted from chewing cycles,MBFand gender. The clearest discrimination between theIODand the 28D groups was observed for n = 20 chewing cycles; at this point,VOHwas distinguishably different with aP‐value < 0.0001. TheVOH_app was a very good predictor forVOH_scan with 0.80 < pseudo‐R2 < 0.83, depending on light exposure and measuring distance. There was, however, a systematic error in the accuracy of the app for inadequately chewed specimens.ConclusionsThe use of the two‐coloured chewing gum would provide a fast, simple and inexpensive method for the assessment of masticatory performance, which could be used in geriatric wards or in private practices without the requirement of specialised equipment or trained staff.
Parkinson's disease, temporomandibular disorders and bruxism: A pilot study
Authors: Verhoeff Merel C. , Lobbezoo Frank , Wetselaar Peter , Aarab Ghizlane , Koutris Michail 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundEven though bruxism and Parkinson's disease (PD) share common characteristics, their relation is still not clear. Both bruxism and PD are movement disorders in addition, patients with bruxism as well as those with PD complain about musculoskeletal pain, including temporomandibular disorders (TMD) pain.ObjectivesTherefore, the aim of this pilot study was to gain more insight into the possible relation between bruxism and TMD on one hand and PD on the other.MethodsIn total, 801 persons gave their written informed consent and agreed to participate in the study filling in a questionnaire. Complete data were collected from 708 persons (368 with PD or Parkinsonism [PR] and 340 controls) and were included in the analysis. The questionnaire included the graded chronic pain scale, the DC/TMD oral behaviour checklist, the DC/TMD symptom questionnaire and the TMD pain screener. In addition, a question about self‐reported tooth wear was included. The chi‐square test and independent samples t test were used for the data analysis.ResultsPatients with PD/PR reported significantly more often bruxism during sleep and wakefulness than controls. Also, patients with PD/PR had more often possible TMD and reported a significantly higher mean pain intensity in the orofacial region than controls. There was no significant difference in complaints of jaw locking between the patient group and the control group. A tendency towards a significant association was found between PD/PR and tooth wear.ConclusionThere is a relation between PD/PR and bruxism. Furthermore, a relation of PD/PR with TMD pain is suggested to be present.
Molecularly diverse odors advance olfactory threshold testing
Authors: Oleszkiewicz Anna , Würfel Helene , Han Pengfei , Hummel Thomas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMultiple‐compound mixtures of odorants are likely to produce significantly more reliable and favorable results of olfactory sensitivity testing. Within the current study, we aimed to investigate this hypothesis and determine the optimal number of odor compounds within a testing stimulus. One‐hundred individuals volunteered to participate in the study procedure wherein their olfactory threshold was measured with stimuli varying in the number of compounds during two sessions. We found that molecularly varied stimuli made olfactory threshold assessments relatively independent from an individual variability in sensitivity to specific odorants. Nevertheless, this was only true in certain conditions—depending on the number of components and quality of the odorants. On this basis, we outline future directions for studies aimed to advance assessments of the olfactory threshold by discussing the relationships between the chemical and physical properties of odorants and results of the threshold assessment they produce.Practical applicationsThis study provides empirical evidence that olfactory threshold testing becomes more favorable and reliable when an odor stimulus contains ~10 types of molecules. This is assumed due to an efficient activation of olfactory receptors. These findings advance the current state of knowledge in the field of biology by presenting behavioral responses to the augmented potential for binding molecules through olfactory receptors. Results presented in this manuscript constitute a significant improvement in the methods of olfactory function assessments and should be of interest to both scientific and clinical audience in the fields of neuroscience, chemosensory research, chemistry, and biology. These results are likely to translate to a more accurate assessment of olfactory abilities in commercial settings, that is, perfumes, or wine experts.
Curcumin sensitized the antitumour effects of irradiation in promoting apoptosis of oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma through NF-κB signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Guiping , Wang Yufang , Li Mingjun 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the potential synergistic effect of curcumin with irradiation (IR) in oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods
The ESCC cell lines were established from clinical samples. Cell apoptosis post-treatment was stained by Annexin V/PI staining and analysed by flow cytometry. Cells survived IR was evaluated with clonogenic assay. Xenograft tumour model was established by subcutaneous inoculation, and tumour progression was monitored. The NF-κB pathway was characterized by immunoblotting.

Key findings
Curcumin enhanced the pro-apoptotic effect of IR in ESCC cells. Pretreatment with curcumin significantly sensitized ESCC cells to IR in a dose-dependent manner. Coadministration with curcumin remarkably extended the median survival time of ESCC xenograft mice while exposed to IR therapy. The xenograft tumour progression was significantly suppressed as well. Mechanistically, curcumin treatment was demonstrated to efficiently inhibited NF-κB signalling.

Conclusions
We have well-recapitulated the pathological properties and therapeutic response of ESCC with established cell lines derived from clinical samples. We further demonstrated the significantly synergistic effect of curcumin on IR-elicited cell apoptosis in ESCC both in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggested the potential therapeutic values of curcumin for future clinical investigations.
Effects of cornstarch on the gel properties of black bean protein isolate
Authors: Xu Xiu‐Ying , Cao Yong , Zhang Hao , Yaqoob Sanabil , Zheng Ming‐Zhu , Wu Yu‐Zhu , Zhao Cheng‐Bin , Liu Jing‐Sheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effects of common starch (CS) and high amylopectin starch (HAS) from corn on the properties of heat induced black bean protein isolate (BBPI) gels prepared by heating at 95°C for 30 min were investigated by using dynamic oscillatory rheometer, texture analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared with BBPI alone, the presence of cornstarch (1–4%, wt/vol) could improve storage modulus (G′) and textural properties of BBPI (10%, wt/vol) gels. The mixed system of BBPI and 4% (wt/vol) HAS exhibited the highest G′ and formed the gel faster and more easily, which resulted in firmer and more elastic gel than BBPI‐CS at all starch concentrations. It was possible that HAS had lower pasting temperature and higher viscosity than CS, which was beneficial to the formation of BBPI gel network and strengthened the stability of network structure. Moreover, it might also be related to the synergistic effect between protein and starch. The CS and HAS existed in the BBPI gel network could bind water, leading to the increase in the water‐holding capacity (WHC) of mixed gels, especially 4% (wt/vol) HAS, which was related to homogeneous and compact microstructure with small pores.
Plant community response to Artemisia rothrockii (sagebrush) encroachment and removal along an arid elevational gradient
Authors: Kopp Christopher W. , Cleland Elsa E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractQuestionsShrub expansion into alpine ecosystems worldwide raises important questions regarding the influence of shrub encroachment on alpine species diversity. The stress gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts interactions will be competitive when resources are plentiful and the environment is benign, but that facilitative interactions will dominate when conditions are stressful. We asked how Artemisia rothrockii (sagebrush) encroachment in an arid mountain range is affecting alpine plant species there and how the plant community responds to the experimental removal of sagebrush at three sites along an elevational gradient.LocationThe White Mountains, California, USA (37°30′N, 118°10′W).MethodsA shrub removal experiment was established at three elevations (2,900, 3,100 and 3,750 m) to evaluate how sagebrush interacts with alpine and sub‐alpine plant communities.ResultsThe study sites experienced a strong drought over the 4 yrs of the experiment and plant cover declined overall. However, in the sagebrush removal treatment, cover of co‐occurring species increased at both the high‐elevation and low‐elevation sites, with no differences observed at the mid‐elevation site.ConclusionsWe observed the greatest inhibitory effects of sagebrush at high and low elevations, where plants experience the largest temperature and moisture stress, respectively, and no evidence of facilitation anywhere along the elevational gradient. These results demonstrate that while sagebrush has important influences on herbaceous species composition in the White Mountains, they are inconsistent with the classic predictions of the SGH.
Intra‐ and inter‐specific morphological diversity of amphidromous gobies influences waterfall‐climbing performance
Authors: Lagarde R. , Borie G. , Blob R. W. , Schoenfuss H. L. , Ponton D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe morphology of an individual can affect functional performance and, ultimately, survival and fitness. To study these links, a first step is to evaluate the relationship between morphology and performance. Sicydiine fishes are an interesting model for such studies, because successful completion of their life cycle depends on a functionally demanding task: climbing waterfalls when they return to freshwater from the ocean. Previous studies identified two different climbing modes among sicydiines: ‘inching’ and ‘powerburst’. Relationships between morphology and climbing performance have been found for inching and powerburst species present on different islands from distant oceans (Pacific and Caribbean), but species from the same island have not been compared. In this study, we challenged two different sicydiine species from Réunion Island to an artificial climbing ramp: the inching climber Sicyopterus lagocephalus and the powerburst climber Cotylopus acutipinnis. For each species, we evaluated differences in morphology between successful and unsuccessful climbers. We predicted that species with similar climbing styles (S. lagocephalus and S. stimpsoni) would show differences between successful and unsuccessful climbers that more closely resembled each other than differences between successful and unsuccessful climbers across species from the same island (S. lagocephalus and C. acutipinnis). This prediction was only partially met. S. lagocephalus individuals with a streamlined body showed better climbing performance, as observed for S. stimpsoni. However, the size of the pelvic sucker, which fish use to attach to the substrate while resting, appeared less important for S. lagocephalus than for S. stimpsoni and C. acutipinnis. Instead, the size of the mouth, which inching species use to attach to the substrate while moving up, seemed important for S. lagocephalus but not for other species. Thus, differences in the morphology–performance relationship among sicydiines may relate not only to differences in climbing mode, but also to species‐specific specializations within each climbing mode.