bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of the Kapitza instability in confined falling liquid films
Authors: Lavalle Gianluca , Li Yiqin , Mergui Sophie , Grenier Nicolas , Dietze Georg F. 
Published: December 2018

We revisit the linear stability of a falling liquid film flowing through an inclined narrow channel in interaction with a gas phase. We focus on a particular region of parameter space, small inclination and very strong confinement, where we have found the gas to strongly stabilize the film, up to the point of fully suppressing the long-wave interfacial instability attributed to Kapitza (Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., vol. 18 (1), 1948, pp. 3–28). The stabilization occurs both when the gas is merely subject to an aerostatic pressure difference, i.e. when the pressure difference balances the weight of the gas column, and when it flows counter-currently. In the latter case, the degree of stabilization increases with the gas velocity. Our investigation is based on a numerical solution of the Orr–Sommerfeld temporal linear stability problem as well as stability experiments that clearly confirm the observed effect. We quantify the degree of stabilization by comparing the linear stability threshold with its passive-gas limit, and perform a parametric study, varying the relative confinement, the Reynolds number, the inclination angle and the Kapitza number. For example, we find a 30 % reduction of the cutoff wavenumber of the instability for a water film in contact with air, flowing through a channel inclined at$3^{\circ }$and of height 2.8 times the film thickness. We also identify the critical conditions for the full suppression of the instability in terms of the governing parameters. The stabilization is caused by the strong confinement of the gas, which produces perturbations of the adverse interfacial tangential shear stress that are shifted by half a wavelength with respect to the wavy film surface. This tends to reduce flow-rate variations within the film, thus attenuating the inertia-based driving mechanism of the Kapitza instability.
The School Diary in Wartime Japan: Cultivating morale and self-discipline
Authors: PIEL L. HALLIDAY 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDuring the Second World War, the Japanese state enacted sweeping education reforms designed to prime the population for Total War. The policies of the National Education Ordinance of 1941 aimed to strengthen collective loyalty and self-sacrifice for the state. Military drill and ceremonial rituals were the outward manifestation of wartime education. But this article examines how teachers borrowed an aspect of progressive ‘whole-person’ education from the more liberal pre-war era—‘daily life writing’ (seikatsu tsuzurikata)—to shape children's dispositions and consciousness. Through such reflective diary writing, children would learn to internalize the ideal behaviours and attributes of the Total War civilian. By comparing education discourse with samples of children's writings, teachers’ written feedback, and interviews of former students of an elementary school affiliated with the Ministry of Education, I show how reflective diary writing, despite its progressive origins as a means of self-expression for self-actualization and social critique, could be co-opted by right-wing Japanese ultra-nationalism for its potential as a means of self-censorship, self-monitoring, and self-control. At the same time, its practice did help children endure the hardships of war and defeat.
Reforming the Security Council through a Code of Conduct: A Sisyphean Task?
Authors: Adediran Bolarinwa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe failure of the UN Security Council to adequately and effectively address the Syrian crisis has brought renewed scrutiny to the veto and its capricious use during mass atrocity situations. In response to these concerns, the idea of a code of conduct to regulate the exercise of the veto during humanitarian situations is now being increasingly advanced by several states, including France and the United Kingdom. This paper disputes the utility of such a code and argues that it would not make any significant difference to the way mass atrocity crimes are addressed. I examine three core arguments often extended to justify the merit and the utility of the norm: the circumvention argument, the naming and shaming argument, and the Charter reform argument. I show how each of these arguments is undermined by mistaken notions about the norm's procedural effectiveness, and the role the veto plays in cases of what Simon Chesterman calls “inhumanitarian noninterventions.” Additionally, drawing on interviews conducted with diplomats at the United Nations in New York, I present evidence that resistance to a code of conduct comes not only from the permanent five members of the Council but also from the nonpermanent members, further imperiling the idea's capacity to effect change. Ultimately, I contend that the current global effort to curtail the influence of the veto is nothing more than a journey down the rabbit hole: exciting, but ultimately distracting.
Why Looking Backward Is Necessary to Looking Forward
Authors: Armstrong Nancy 
Published: December 2018

By treating the imaginary element that is “sex,” the deployment of sexuality established one of its most essential internal operating principles; the desire for sex—the desire to have it, to have access to it, to liberate it, to articulate it in discourse, to formulate it in truth. It constituted “sex” itself as something desirable.—Michel Foucault,History of Sexuality, Vol. 1Although my critical focus has shifted in recent years onto other areas—both earlier and later—of novel studies, I find myself returning to the novels of the 1840s, which is, in my view, the pivotal moment in the history and theory of the British novel. This is the moment when novels relegated forever to the past a future that ensured domestic contentment. During the period from 1847 to 1900, as Georg Lukács tells the story, the historical novel faltered and then froze in its tracks, as the narrative of an individual caught in the winds of historical change capitulated to descriptions of demonically fetishized objects that obscured the engines of change. What Lukács doesn't mention is that, halfway through that same period, novels abruptly ceased to formulate a country house providing what Hannah Arendt has called “a model of national housekeeping.” From the ashes of that bourgeois appropriation of certain aspects of the genteel way of life, the novels of the 1840s assembled a single-family household as a kinship system uniquely capable of operating at every level of English society. To go by these novels, one would think that belonging to such a household was not only the same as belonging to English society itself but was also necessary to one's biological survival. In returning to that moment, I want to consider, more pointedly, what these two observations concerning the form of the Victorian novel have to do with one another, a question that was very much in the air in 1977, when I received my doctorate and took up my first university post.
Resilienz- vs. problemorientierte Beratung von Studierenden
Authors: Victor Philipp , Dikloo Asita Shirali , Schwert Pia , Willutzki Ulrike 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Studierende suchen zunehmend psychologische Beratung wegen Stressbelastung oder psychischer Störungen auf. Während viele Interventionen auf die Reduktion psychopathologischer Symptome fokussieren, nutzt das persönliche Resilienzmodell (PRM) vorhandene Stärken zur Bewältigung von Hindernissen. Fragestellung: Das PRM sollte mit einer problemorientierten Intervention (ABC-Modell) als aktive Kontrollbedingung und einer Wartekontrollgruppe (WKG) über sechs Wochen hinweg verglichen werden. Methode: In einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie mit n = 57 Studierenden (Completer) wurde das PRM mit ABC-Modell und WKG verglichen. Ergebnisse: Bei beiden Interventionen zeigten sich überwiegend signifikante Verbesserungen oder Trends in Psychopathologie, Inkongruenz, Depressivität, Selbstwert und Resilienz im Vergleich zur WKG. Die mittleren Prä-Post-Effektstärken lagen bei d = 0.62 (PRM), d = 0.42 (ABC) und d = 0.07 (WKG). Schlussfolgerungen: Das PRM bietet eine ökonomische und ressourcenorientierte Alternative zu problemorientierter Studienberatung.
Crustal and Mantle Structure Beneath the Southern Payenia Volcanic Province Using Gravity and Magnetic Data
Authors: Astort A. , Colavitto B. , Sagripanti L. , García H. , Echaurren A. , Soler S. , Ruíz F. , Folguera A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Auca Mahuida volcanic field lies on the southernmost Payenia Volcanic Province, one of the broadest retroarc volcanic plateaux in the southern Central Andes (~38°S). This voluminous basaltic flooding of Quaternary age was originated from a deep asthenospheric source, interpreted as a mantle plume product of changing slab dynamics. The geometry of this source is deduced from magnetotelluric data, but the limited spatial coverage of this array does not allow a detailed resolution of this anomaly. In order to present a detailed geometry of the conductive anomaly and related crustal magmatic bodies, we used multiple data sources. We combined Magnetic and Bouguer anomalies, Curie isotherm depth (Tc), Elastic Thickness (Te) and Moho depth derived from the Global Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (EMAG2) and terrestrial gravity measurements, all together in a holistic geophysical analysis. The magnetic data depict a nearly 200‐km‐in‐diameter circular anomaly that would correspond to a dense body according to the Bouguer anomaly. Geoid data from the Gravity Field Model (EIGEN‐6c4) have been filtered in order to isolate deeper mass influences and visualize the asthenospheric upwelling previously described from magnetotelluric data. Moho inversion yields a crustal attenuation at 36‐ to 32‐km depth coinciding with Te below 20‐km depth and a shallow Tc (≤15‐km depth) at the site where Geoid positive undulation was calculated. Finally, surface analysis allowed defining a topographic swell, compatible with the dimensions of the identified magnetic anomaly, where the main rivers deviated, potentially due to a recent base level change.
A Surface Flux Scheme Based on the Monin‐Obukhov Similarity for Finite Volume Models
Authors: Nishizawa S. , Kitamura Y. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe proposed a surface flux scheme based on the Monin‐Obukhov similarity for finite volume models. The scheme solves a negative bias existing in conventional surface flux schemes. In the conventional schemes, the model prognostic variables are used as the center point value in the model grid to estimate the surface fluxes even though the variables are volume‐averaged values in finite volume models. The substitutional use of the volume‐averaged model variables for the point value results in underestimation of friction velocity and temperature scale and consequent surface fluxes. The underestimation is more remarkable for a thinner layer, namely, higher resolution, and larger roughness length. In the proposed scheme, the model variables are used as volume‐averaged quantities. Large‐eddy simulation and single‐column model experiments on a planetary boundary layer show that the surface fluxes calculated with the conventional scheme are, in fact, smaller compared to those with the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme allows better estimation of not only surface fluxes but also surface atmospheric diagnostics. Improved estimation of the surface flux with this scheme will contribute to improving the reliability of several kinds of simulations (e.g., those related to the atmosphere, ocean, ice sheet, and sea ice). Importantly, its impact becomes even more significant for higher‐resolution simulations, which are likely to be more sought after in the future.
Kinesin-2 and IFT-A act as a complex promoting nuclear localization of β-catenin during Wnt signalling
Authors: Vuong Linh T. , Iomini Carlo , Balmer Sophie , Esposito Davide , Aaronson Stuart A. , Mlodzik Marek 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWnt/Wg-signalling is critical signalling in all metazoans. Recent studies suggest that IFT-A proteins and Kinesin-2 modulate canonical Wnt/Wg-signalling independently of their ciliary role. Whether they function together in Wnt-signalling and their mechanistic role in the pathway remained unresolved. Here we demonstrate that Kinesin-2 and IFT-A proteins act as a complex during Drosophila Wg-signalling, affecting pathway activity in the same manner, interacting genetically and physically, and co-localizing with β-catenin, the mediator of Wnt/Wg-signalling on microtubules. Following pathway activation, Kinesin-2/IFT-A mutant cells exhibit high cytoplasmic β-catenin levels, yet fail to activate Wg-targets. In mutant tissues in both, Drosophila and mouse/MEFs, nuclear localization of β-catenin is markedly reduced. We demonstrate a conserved, motor-domain dependent function of the Kinesin-2/IFT-A complex in promoting nuclear translocation of β-catenin. We show that this is mediated by protecting β-catenin from a conserved cytoplasmic retention process, thus identifying a mechanism for Kinesin-2/IFT-A in Wnt-signalling that is independent of their ciliary role.
Vagus-macrophage-hepatocyte link promotes post-injury liver regeneration and whole-body survival through hepatic FoxM1 activation
Authors: Izumi Tomohito , Imai Junta , Yamamoto Junpei , Kawana Yohei , Endo Akira , Sugawara Hiroto , Kohata Masato , Asai Yoichiro , Takahashi Kei , Kodama Shinjiro , Kaneko Keizo , Gao Junhong , Uno Kenji , Sawada Shojiro , Kalinichenko Vladimir V. , Ishigaki Yasushi , Yamada Tetsuya , Katagiri Hideki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe liver possesses a high regenerative capacity. Liver regeneration is a compensatory response overcoming disturbances of whole-body homeostasis provoked by organ defects. Here we show that a vagus-macrophage-hepatocyte link regulates acute liver regeneration after liver injury and that this system is critical for promoting survival. Hepatic Foxm1 is rapidly upregulated after partial hepatectomy (PHx). Hepatic branch vagotomy (HV) suppresses this upregulation and hepatocyte proliferation, thereby increasing mortality. In addition, hepatic FoxM1 supplementation in vagotomized mice reverses the suppression of liver regeneration and blocks the increase in post-PHx mortality. Hepatic macrophage depletion suppresses both post-PHx Foxm1 upregulation and remnant liver regeneration, and increases mortality. Hepatic Il-6 rises rapidly after PHx and this is suppressed by HV, muscarinic blockade or resident macrophage depletion. Furthermore, IL-6 neutralization suppresses post-PHx Foxm1 upregulation and remnant liver regeneration. Collectively, vagal signal-mediated IL-6 production in hepatic macrophages upregulates hepatocyte FoxM1, leading to liver regeneration and assures survival.
All-optical structuring of laser-driven proton beam profiles
Authors: Obst-Huebl Lieselotte , Ziegler Tim , Brack Florian-Emanuel , Branco João , Bussmann Michael , Cowan Thomas E. , Curry Chandra B. , Fiuza Frederico , Garten Marco , Gauthier Maxence , Göde Sebastian , Glenzer Siegfried H. , Huebl Axel , Irman Arie , Kim Jongjin B. , Kluge Thomas , Kraft Stephan D. , Kroll Florian , Metzkes-Ng Josefine , Pausch Richard , Prencipe Irene , Rehwald Martin , Roedel Christian , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter , Schramm Ulrich , Zeil Karl 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExtreme field gradients intrinsic to relativistic laser-interactions with thin solid targets enable compact MeV proton accelerators with unique bunch characteristics. Yet, direct control of the proton beam profile is usually not possible. Here we present a readily applicable all-optical approach to imprint detailed spatial information from the driving laser pulse onto the proton bunch. In a series of experiments, counter-intuitively, the spatial profile of the energetic proton bunch was found to exhibit identical structures as the fraction of the laser pulse passing around a target of limited size. Such information transfer between the laser pulse and the naturally delayed proton bunch is attributed to the formation of quasi-static electric fields in the beam path by ionization of residual gas. Essentially acting as a programmable memory, these fields provide access to a higher level of proton beam manipulation.
Publisher Correction: Orthogonal Cas9-Cas9 chimeras provide a versatile platform for genome editing
Authors: Bolukbasi Mehmet Fatih , Liu Pengpeng , Luk Kevin , Kwok Samantha F. , Gupta Ankit , Amrani Nadia , Sontheimer Erik J. , Zhu Lihua Julie , Wolfe Scot A. 
Published: December 2018

The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. Mehmet Fatih Bolukbasi was incorrectly associated with Bluebird Bio., Cambridge, MA, USA and Ankit Gupta was incorrectly associated with Exonics Therapeutics, Watertown, MA, USA. This has now been corrected in the HTML version of the Article. The PDF version of the Article was correct at the time of publication.
Broadband sound barriers with bianisotropic metasurfaces
Authors: Popa Bogdan-Ioan , Zhai Yuxin , Kwon Hyung-Suk 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNoise is a long standing societal problem that has recently been linked to serious health consequences. Despite decades of research on noise mitigation techniques, existing methods have significant limitations including inability to silence broadband noise and shield large volumes. Here we show theoretically and experimentally that acoustic bianisotropic materials with non-zero strain to momentum coupling are remarkably effective sound barriers. They surpass state-of-the-art sound isolators in terms of attenuation, bandwidth, and shielded volume. We implement our barriers with very compact active meta-atoms that owe their small size to their local response to external sound. Moreover, our active approach is not constrained by feedback stabilization requirements, in stark contrast with all traditional active sound control systems. Consequently, bianisotropic sound barriers have the potential to revolutionize noise control technologies and provide much needed solutions to an increasingly important and difficult challenge.
Photodetection probability in quantum systems with arbitrarily strong light-matter interaction
Authors: Di Stefano Omar , Kockum Anton Frisk , Ridolfo Alessandro , Savasta Salvatore , Nori Franco 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCavity-QED systems have recently reached a regime where the light-matter interaction strength amounts to a non-negligible fraction of the resonance frequencies of the bare subsystems. In this regime, it is known that the usual normal-order correlation functions for the cavity-photon operators fail to describe both the rate and the statistics of emitted photons. Following Glauber’s original approach, we derive a simple and general quantum theory of photodetection, valid for arbitrary light-matter interaction strengths. Our derivation uses Fermi’s golden rule, together with an expansion of system operators in the eigenbasis of the interacting light-matter system, to arrive at the correct photodetection probabilities. We consider both narrow- and wide-band photodetectors. Our description is also valid for point-like detectors placed inside the optical cavity. As an application, we propose a gedanken experiment confirming the virtual nature of the bare excitations that enrich the ground state of the quantum Rabi model.
Air pollutant particulate matter 2.5 induces dry eye syndrome in mice
Authors: Tan Gang , Li Juan , Yang Qichen , Wu Anhua , Qu Dong-Yi , Wang Yahong , Ye Lei , Bao Jing , Shao Yi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, we explored the effects of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) eye drops on the ocular surface structure and tear function in mice and established a novel animal model for dry eye research. We found that, following treatment with PM2.5, the tear volume and, the tear film break-up time showed statistical differences at each time point (P < 0.05). The FL score of the PM2.5-treated group was higher than that of others (P < 0.05). The average number of corneal epithelial layer cells in groups A and B was significantly lower than that in group C (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the number of corneal epithelial microvilli and corneal desmosomes was drastically reduced in group C. PM2.5 induced apoptosis in the corneal superficial and basal epithelium and led to abnormal differentiation and proliferation of the ocular surface with higher expression levels of Ki67 and a reduced number of goblet cells in the conjunctival fornix in group C. PM2.5 significantly increased the levels of TNF-α, NF-κB p65 (phospho S536), and NF-κB in the cornea. Thus, the topical administration of PM2.5 in mice induces ocular surface changes that are similar to those of dry eye in humans, representing a novel model of dry eye.
Active Acupoints Differ from Inactive Acupoints in Modulating Key Plasmatic Metabolites of Hypertension: A Targeted Metabolomics Study
Authors: Yang Mingxiao , Yu Zheng , Chen Xiaomin , Guo Zhenyu , Deng Shufang , Chen Lin , Wu Qiaofeng , Liang Fanrong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe effect of active acupoints versus inactive acupoints in treating hypertension is not well documented. Metabolic phenotypes, depicted by metabolomics analysis, reflect the influence of external exposures, nutrition, and lifestyle on the integrated system of the human body. Therefore, we utilized high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to compare the targeted metabolic phenotype changes induced by two different acupoint treatments. The clinical outcomes show that active acupoint treatment significantly lowers 24-hour systolic blood pressure but not diastolic blood pressure, as compared with inactive acupoint treatment. Furthermore, distinctive changes are observed between the metabolomics data of the two groups. Multivariate analysis shows that only in the active acupoint treatment group can the follow-up plasma be clearly separated from the baseline plasma. Moreover, the follow-up plasma of these two groups can be clearly separated, indicating two different post-treatment metabolic phenotypes. Three metabolites, sucrose, cellobiose, and hypoxanthine, are shown to be the most important features of active acupoint treatment. This study demonstrates that metabolomic analysis is a potential tool that can be used to efficiently differentiate the effect of active acupoints from inactive acupoints in treating hypertension. Possible mechanisms are the alternation of hypothalamic microinflammation and the restoration of host-gut microbiota interactions induced by acupuncture.