bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structured Genome-Wide Association Studies with Bayesian Hierarchical Variable Selection
Authors: Zhao Yize , Zhu Hongtu , Lu Zhaohua , Knickmeyer Rebecca C , Zou Fei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt becomes increasingly important in using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to select important genetic information associated with qualitative or quantitative traits. Currently, the discovery of biological association among SNPs motivates various strategies to construct SNP-sets along the genome and to incorporate such set information into selection procedure for a higher selection power, while facilitating more biologically meaningful results. The aim of this paper is to propose a novel Bayesian framework for hierarchical variable selection at both SNP-set (group) level and SNP (within group) level. We overcome a key limitation of existing posterior updating scheme in most Bayesian variable selection methods by proposing a novel sampling scheme to explicitly accommodate the ultrahigh-dimensionality of genetic data. Specifically, by constructing an auxiliary variable selection model under SNP-set level, the new procedure utilizes the posterior samples of the auxiliary model to subsequently guide the posterior inference for the targeted hierarchical selection model. We apply the proposed method to a variety of simulation studies and show that our method is computationally efficient and achieves substantially better performance than competing approaches in both SNP-set and SNP selection. Applying the method to the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we identify biologically meaningful genetic factors under several neuroimaging volumetric phenotypes. Our method is general and readily to be applied to a wide range of biomedical studies.
Pharmacokinetic interactions study between carvedilol and some antidepressants in rat liver microsoms – a comparative study
Authors: Abrudan Maria Bianca , Popa Daniela Saveta , Muntean Dana Maria , Gheldiu Ana Maria , Vlase Laurian 
Published: April 2019

Background and aims. Cardiovascular diseases and depressive disorders are some of the most frequent diseases. The probability of concomitant prescription of antihypertensive and antidepressive medication is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the enzyme inhibition by bupropion, sertraline and fluvoxamine on the metabolism of carvedilol using rat pooled liver microsomes and to assess the importance of these interactions from the pharmacokinetic mechanism point of view.
Methods. Two substrate concentrations (0.5 and 1 μM) and four inhibitor concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.75 and 1.5 μM) were used for each tested inhibitor.
Results. The results of the in vitro experiments showed a significant decrease of the metabolic rate of carvedilol to 4'-hydroxyphenyl carvedilol, for all tested inhibitors, when the inhibitor was added to the incubation mixture containing the substrate. Moreover, an increase of the area under the concentration-time curve for carvedilol was observed after incubation with each tested inhibitor compared with the control state (no inhibitor). The most potent inhibitor was sertraline, followed by fluvoxamine and bupropion.
Conclusion. The co-administration of tested antidepressants led to a significant alteration of carvedilol’s metabolism in vitro. CYP2D6 inhibition is the main pharmacokinetic mechanism that can explain these drug-drug interactions, with possible clinical implications.
Humanitarika Švedijoje – didvyrė ar tarnaitė?
Authors: Voidogienė Eglė 
Published: April 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
The aim of this research is to analyse the legitimacy problem of the humanities in Sweden. The first part presents the analysis of the arguments for the humanities published in relevant studies, anthologies as well as articles in the most popular cultural and academical magazines in Sweden from 2004 to 2014. The method was based on the Grounded Theory’s elements and had three steps. The result was four big categories of the arguments which also reflected four concepts of the humanities that were prevailing in Sweden. 1) Civic humanities. The authors argued that the humanities are necessary in order to build a democratic society and educate citizens who would be able to think critically and act responsibly. This group of argumentations was the biggest and the most popular. 2) Heroic humanities. It was claimed that the humanities are necessary to face the most serious challenges, globalization, homophobia, Islamophobia, climate change etc. 3) Integrative humanities that are considered as most valuable when they collaborate with other disciplines. 4) Existential humanities. According to this group, the humanities are most valuable when they raise the existential questions. The second part presents a short analysis of the programs of political parties from the year 2018. Although the legitimacy problem of the humanities has not taken a bigger part there, we can find links to all four concepts.
A nátrium immunmoduláns szerepe
Authors: Agócs Róbert István , Sugár Dániel , Pap Domonkos , Szabó Attila J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract: High salt intake, which is common in the Western world, is the cause of several lifestyle diseases. Recent investigations shed light on novel extrarenal processes, which play role in the maintenance of sodium balance. In the short term, sodium storage of the skin may serve as a buffer against volume overload arising from the osmotic properties of sodium. Increased tissue sodium concentration may also potentiate immune response against infections. In the long run, however, tissue sodium concentration over a certain limit may initiate pathophysiological processes by provoking inflammatory response. Due to the immune modulating role of sodium, the effector cells of the innate as well as the adaptive immune system are activated, while certain regulator cells of the same systems are repressed, ultimately resulting in a proinflammatory state characterized by the imbalance of the immune system. Experiments applying dietary salt overload/salt depletion imply the role of sodium in the initiation/exacerbation of several diseases. Thus the relationship between sodium and the immune system may give an explanation to the pathomechanism of diseases with so far unknown origin such as hypertonia (primary, salt sensitive) or autoimmune diseases – all these putting tremendous pressure on the healthcare system due to their increasing incidence. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(17): 646–653.
Beliefs About Advanced Cancer Curability in Older Patients, Their Caregivers, and Oncologists
Authors: Loh Kah Poh , Mohile Supriya G. , Lund Jennifer L. , Epstein Ronald , Lei Lianlian , Culakova Eva , McHugh Colin , Wells Megan , Gilmore Nikesha , Mohamed Mostafa R. , Kamen Charles , Aarne Valerie , Conlin Alison , Bearden James , Onitilo Adedayo , Wittink Marsha , Dale William , Hurria Arti , Duberstein Paul 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnsuring older patients with advanced cancer and their oncologists have similar beliefs about curability is important. We investigated discordance in beliefs about curability in patient-oncologist and caregiver-oncologist dyads.Materials and MethodsWe used baseline data from a cluster randomized trial assessing whether geriatric assessment improves communication and quality of life in older patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers. Patients were aged ≥70 years with incurable cancer from community oncology practices. Patients, caregivers, and oncologists were asked: “What do you believe are the chances the cancer will go away and never come back with treatment?” Options were 100%, &gt;50%, 50/50, &lt;50%, and 0% (5-point scale). Discordance in beliefs about curability was defined as any difference in scale scores (≥3 points were severe). We used multivariate logistic regressions to describe correlates of discordance.ResultsDiscordance was present in 60% (15% severe) of the 336 patient-oncologist dyads and 52% (16% severe) of the 245 caregiver-oncologist dyads. Discordance was less common in patient-oncologist dyads when oncologists practiced longer (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–0.97) and more common in non-Hispanic white patients (AOR 5.77, CI 1.90–17.50) and when patients had lung (AOR 1.95, CI 1.29–2.94) or gastrointestinal (AOR 1.55, CI 1.09–2.21) compared with breast cancer. Severe discordance was more common when patients were non-Hispanic white, had lower income, and had impaired social support. Caregiver-oncologist discordance was more common when caregivers were non-Hispanic white (AOR 3.32, CI 1.01–10.94) and reported lower physical health (AOR 0.88, CI 0.78–1.00). Severe discordance was more common when caregivers had lower income and lower anxiety level.ConclusionDiscordance in beliefs about curability is common, occasionally severe, and correlated with patient, caregiver, and oncologist characteristics.
Mesothelin Expression Is a Predictive Factor for Peritoneal Recurrence in Curatively Resected Stage III Gastric Cancer
Authors: Shin Su-Jin , Park Sejung , Kim Min Hwan , Nam Chung Mo , Kim Hyunki , Choi Yoon Young , Jung Min Kyu , Choi Hye Jin , Rha Sun Young , Chung Hyun Cheol 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Mesothelin is overexpressed in many solid tumors, and recent studies have shown that mesothelin expression is associated with poor outcomes in several malignant tumors and may play a role in cancer progression. Clinical trials of mesothelin-targeted immunotherapies are currently under way, but the correlation between mesothelin expression and gastric cancer prognosis is still unclear.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods
Mesothelin expression in tumor cells was evaluated immunohistochemically in 958 patients with advanced gastric cancer and interpreted according to the intensity and extent of staining. Samples were scored from 0 to 2, with high expression defined as a score of 2. Clinicopathological factors, overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and sites of initial recurrence, including peritoneal recurrence, were evaluated. Staging was performed according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition.

Results
High mesothelin expression was observed in 49.7% of patients and significantly associated with high pathologic T (p = .021) and peritoneal recurrence (p = .018). Multivariate survival analysis showed that high mesothelin expression was independently associated with poor RFS (p = .001), OS (p = .001), and peritoneal recurrence (p = .002) in addition to stage, lymphovascular invasion, and Lauren classification. In a subgroup analysis of peritoneal recurrence, high mesothelin expression was also an independent prognostic factor in stage III (p = .013) and diffuse/mixed type gastric cancer (p = .010).

Conclusion
High mesothelin expression is correlated with poor outcomes. In addition, mesothelin expression, Lauren classification, and stage are meaningful predictive factors for peritoneal recurrence. Moreover, mesothelin was a significant predictor of a high risk of peritoneal recurrence in patients with stage III gastric cancer.

Implications for Practice
This study demonstrates that high mesothelin expression correlates with poor outcomes and is a significant predictor of peritoneal recurrence in patients with stage III gastric cancer. This study provides instrumental evidence for designing anti-mesothelin antibody-drug conjugate clinical trials in patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer to reduce their high risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Presentación
Authors: Martínez Barrios Patricia 
Published: April 2019

Nos complace presentar en esta versión 36 de la revista Educación y Humanismo ocho textos resultados de investigación y dos de revisión bibliográfica que apuntan hacia una nueva comprensión del aprendizaje de los estudiantes en ámbitos de nuevas complejidades presentes en contextos contemporáneos, desde experiencias diversas provenientes de universidades de España, México, Colombia y Venezuela.
Current approaches to gender dysforia management: an endocrinologist’s perspective
Authors: Volkova N. I. , Davidenko I. Yu. , Degtyareva Yu. S. 
Published: April 2019

Understanding of people with impaired gender identity in society, academic and science world is constantly changing due to increased awareness, openness and availability of the information on transgender people and their life. It is known that the social and psychological state of transgenders depends at a great extent on the quality of their medical care, including hormonal treatment. Unfortunately, until recently the awareness of this problem among many physicians (clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, endocrinologists, etc.) in the Russian Federation remained insufficient, and no unified standards of medical and psychological care for transgender people in Russia have been developed. As a result, when referring to various specialists, people with impaired gender identity commonly do not receive adequate recommendations and proper comprehensive medical follow-up. An endocrinologist, who prescribes hormonal treatment and performs long-term (usually life-long) follow-up and monitoring of adverse events, is one of the key team members to provide medical care to transgender patients. The article presents current views on definitions, diagnostic criteria and principles of endocrine therapy for gender dysphoria and gender incongruence, as well as highlights medical risks, associated with hormonal treatment, and a monitoring plan for patients receiving corrective therapy.
The right to water as a fundamental right
Authors: Mimoso Maria Joao , Anjos Maria RosÃ¡rio , Teixeira Joana 
Published: April 2019

Water is a Human Right of first necessity. We verified that water resources have been used at a rate higher than their replacement capacity, causing problems of water scarcity. This study aims to draw attention of the world community to the need to implement measures to a real social responsibility and cooperative. A review of the literature and an analysis of the various international legal instruments on water resources will be carried out to highlight the absence of social and cooperative responsibility and the need to create sanctions. It is observed that states and international organisations have failed to develop measures to curb their misuse and to overcome the shortage of water in some regions. We believe that the current situation can only be improved through the implementation of policies in terms of social responsibility and cooperative and the companies or the organisations in general.
Keywords: Environment, management, water, water shortage.
Message from Editor
Authors: Soran Haluk 
Published: April 2019

Dear Readers,
It is the great honor for us to publish 8th volume, 2nd issue of World Journal of Environmental Research. World Journal of Environmental Research welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on environmental issues. World Journal of Environmental Research is an internationalpeer-refereed journal which publishes global research articles about all aspects of environmental areas with the aim of sharing the findings of different environmental issues to provide contributions to the scientific studies.
The scope of World Journal of Environmental Research (WJER) includes major topics such as environmental agriculture, environmental biology, environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering, environmental health, environmental nanotechnology, environmental microbiology, environmental toxicology, environmental pollution and monitoring, environmental zoology, environmental ethics and biosciences, environmental informatics, environmental biochemistry, environmental genetics, environmental botany, environmental issues related to biosciences, environmental biophysics, environmental geology.
A total number of eight (8) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of two (2) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication. Aim of this issue is to give the researchers an opportunity to share the results of their academic studies. There are differentresearch topics discussed in the articles. The topics of the next issue will be different. You can make sure that we will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in 2018 Volume. We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.
Niveles de lectura de estudiantes de licenciatura: el caso de una tabla y una gráfica de líneas
Authors: Hernández Arredondo Elizabeth , García García Jaime , López Calvario César 
Published: April 2019

La enseñanza de la estadística ha cobrado auge en los últimos años, debido a ser considerada en las actuales políticas educativas como la promotora de una competencia necesaria en la sociedad. Esta competencia destaca entre sus puntos la capacidad de leer e interpretar información, de manera adecuada y crítica, presentada en cualquier tipo de representación. Se presenta un reporte de investigación cuyo objeto de estudio es la interpretación que realizan 36 estudiantes de licenciatura que llevaron a cabo la tarea de leer e interpretar una tabla y una gráfica de líneas. Esto con el objetivo de analizar el nivel de lectura que muestran al realizar dicha tarea, e identificar si el tipo de representación promueve niveles superiores de lectura; considerando dos marcos de referencia: los niveles de lectura de Curcio (1989) y Friel, Curcio y Bright (2001) para el análisis de la comprensión gráfica, y la jerarquía propuesta por Aoyama (2007) para la valoración crítica de la información y su integración con el contexto. El análisis de las interpretaciones evidencia que la mayoría de los estudiantes alcanzan el nivel 2, leer dentro de los datos, al enfocarse en la comparación de los datos; pocos jóvenes pudieron alcanzar los niveles superiores 3 y 4, leer más allá de los datos y leer detrás de los datos, respectivamente, al dar una predicción sobre una tendencia de los datos, o bien, al proporcionar hipótesis explicativas en términos de los datos que se muestran en la tabla o gráfica. Se observa que la valoración crítica de la información por parte del estudiante, se encuentra directamente relacionada con su conocimiento sobre el contexto, siendo este el que determina y caracteriza el nivel superior 4. Además, con base en nuestro análisis, podemos mencionar que la representación gráfica favorece en la interpretación de los estudiantes participantes para alcanzar niveles superiores delectura.
Algunos aspectos relacionados con la didáctica de la probabilidad y de la estadística en secundaria en Costa Rica
Authors: Nuñez Vanegas Félix 
Published: April 2019

En los últimos programas de matemática de secundaria en Costa Rica, se incluyeron contenidos de probabilidad y estadística, y además una metodología nueva para el abordaje de tales temas, en la que el estudiante es protagónico en este enfoque, pues se espera que él descubra el conocimiento a partir de la solución a una situación problema que se le propone. Es importante por tanto que el docente cuente con ideas teóricas acerca de cómo un estudiante piensa una vez enfrentado a una situación. Con el fin de comentar los cambios que se han generado en los programas de estudio en secundaria, comentar los resultados en bachillerato en estos temas de estocástica de los años 2016 y 2017 y de generar conocimiento teórico acerca de cómo un estudiante procede una vez que se enfrenta a una situación problema, se ha realizado este trabajo. Concretamente, se presentarán algunas ideas de la Teoría de Campos Conceptuales explicadas en el contexto de la probabilidad y de la estadística. Veremos que los resultados en bachillerato en estos temas no son los deseados en general, por lo que es importante conocer propuestas que aporten en la mejora de esta problemática, y es por ello que también se comentan algunos trabajos realizados recientemente en Costa Rica sobre la didáctica de la probabilidad y la estadística.
Análisis De Actividades Estadísticas En Libros De Textos De Nivel Básico Y Medio Superior En México
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Yolanda , Ruiz Hernández Blanca , Hugues Galindo Enrique 
Published: April 2019

El presente trabajo muestra los resultados de una investigación sobre el análisis de las actividades estadísticas propuestas en seis libros de texto mexicanos de: nivel primaria (impartida en seis grados, incorpora a niños de 6 a 12 años), nivel secundaria (se imparte en tres grados, da cobertura a jóvenes de 13 a 15 años) y nivel medio superior (nivel bachillerato, impartida generalmente en tres grados, incorpora a jóvenes de 16 a 18 años). Para el desarrollo del trabajo se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, mediante el análisis de contenido. Las actividades se analizaron de acuerdo con tres criterios: tipo de técnicas estadísticas propuestas (tablas de frecuencia, gráficas y medidas estadísticas), tipo de prácticas que se solicita desarrollar y los niveles de lectura que se promueven de acuerdo con Curcio (1989). Dentro de los resultados se destacan: Las actividades están planteadas con un predominio de los gráficos de barras y circulares; las prácticas más frecuentes son leer, calcular, responder y registrar. Mientras que mínimamente se plantea: interpretar, argumentar, comparar e inferir. Las prácticas de lectura se ubican fundamentalmente en los niveles leer los datos y leer entre los datos. Con referencia a los tiempos sugeridos para el estudio de la Estadística, es el nivel básico el que presenta el mayor porcentaje de tiempo sugerido.
Cálculo en Varias Variables. Visualización interactiva
Authors: Mora Flores Walter 
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de este libro es la visualización interactiva en 2D y en 3D. La mayoría de los gráficos, vienen con una liga a una aplicación, llamada usualmente “demostración” (aplicación interactiva), que se corre con Wolfram CDFPlayer (libre). Las “aplicaciones interactivas” son un archivo .cdf que se ejecuta con Wolfram CDFPlayer y requieren haber instalado en la computadora esta aplicación Wolfram CDFPlayer. La aplicación es gratuita. Esta es una nueva edición donde se ha optimizado las aplicaciones cdf y se han agregado dos capítulos: Vectores, Rectas y Planos (y también coordenadas polares), Parametrizacion y Funciones Vectoriales. Muchos de los ejemplos y ejercicios de este libro han aparecido en exámenes, en el curso de Cálculo Superior del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica.
El lector puede visualizar la teoría y muchos de los ejemplos, e interactuar con las figuras en la aplicación interactiva, usando el ratón. La idea es visualizar no solo el espacio tridimensional, también poder entrenar en visualizar cortes de superficies, intersecciones y proyecciones de una superficie o un sólido, en algunos de los planos XY; XZ o Y Z: Este conocimiento se aplica después en el cálculo de integrales dobles, triples, de línea y de superficie. Varias aplicaciones interactivas se usan para visualizar la dinámica de una definición o un teorema y su alcance y significado.
Como es conocido, la visualización interactiva funciona bien como complemento y requiere “narrativa” por parte del profesor, para obtener buenos resultados en la enseñanza. También es deseable ejercicios de verbalización, en algunas actividades, por parte del estudiante