bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates balloon injury‐induced neointimal formation in rats
Authors: He Yang , Sun Bei , Chen Gang , Huang Renping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on the balloon injury‐induced neointimal formation in rats and to investigate the underlying mechanism.MethodsThe balloon‐induced carotid artery injury model was established in male Sprague–Dawley rats, immediately after which the DHA solution was injected into the tail vein of rats. In in vitro assays, primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were pretreated with DHA and then coincubated with LPS.ResultsDHA ameliorated the induced neointimal formation and fibrosis but enhanced apoptosis in rat carotid artery after balloon injury. Furthermore, DHA suppressed migration and enhanced apoptosis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated primary VSMCs in vitro. Moreover, in both the balloon injury‐induced rat sera and the LPS‐treated VSMCs, DHA significantly inhibited proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐ɑ, and matrix metalloproteinase‐1. Importantly, DHA significantly decreased the balloon injury‐increased expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) subunit NF‐κB p65 expression, and increased the balloon injury‐reduced expression of inhibitor of NF‐κB‐alpha, indicating the inhibition of the IκB/NF‐κB pathway.ConclusionDHA significantly inhibited neointimal formation in balloon‐induced rat carotid artery injury and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of IκB/NF‐κB signaling, which alleviates the inflammatory response.
Accurate Prediction of Initial Busulfan Exposure Using a Test Dose With 2‐ and 6‐Hour Blood Sampling in Adult Patients Receiving a Twice‐Daily Intravenous Busulfan‐Based Conditioning Regimen
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Li Ziwei , Liang Wu , Chen Bing , Hu Jiong , Yang Wanhua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to predict the area under the curve (AUC) of the initial busulfan dose using a test dose with the sparse sampling scheme in adult patients who underwent hematopoietic cell transplant. A test dose of 0.8 mg/kg busulfan was used 2 days before twice‐daily intravenous busulfan‐based conditioning regimens were administered. The AUC and the clearance (CL) were calculated for both the test dose and the first dose (AUCT, CLT, AUC1,and CL1) by noncompartmental analysis. The sparse sampling schemes of the test dose were developed by Bayesian method based on the population pharmacokinetic model. The optimal sparse sampling schemes were determined by evaluating the mean prediction error, the root mean square error, the absolute mean prediction error, and Bland‐Altman plot. The mean AUC1was 7.20 ± 1.48 mg • h/L, which ranged from 4.70 to 9.46 mg • h/L. The AUC1was below the therapeutic concentration of 7.38 mg • h/L in 45% (9 of 20) of the patients. The CLTof 3.05 ± 0.56 mL/min/kg was not significantly different with the CL1of 3.03 ± 0.69 mL/min/kg (P= .901). A sampling scheme at 2 and 6 hours after the test dose was developed to predict the AUCT(mean prediction error of 1.64%, root mean square error of 6.17%, and absolute mean prediction error of 4.94%). Additionally, the Bland‐Altman plot showed that the 2‐sampling scheme provided an acceptably accurate prediction of the AUC1. A test dose with a 2‐sampling scheme was sufficient to personalize the initial busulfan dosing in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of isolated fetal ascites in cri‐du‐chat (5p‐) syndrome: A case report
Authors: Cardoso Mariana C. , Raposo Maria Inês , Ormonde Mariana , Monteiro Rita , Sampaio André , Cosme Pedro , Mota‐Vieira Luisa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIsolated fetal ascites and cri‐du‐chat syndrome (CdCS; OMIM #123450) are two very rare conditions that, to our best knowledge, have never been reported together. Here, we describe a case of isolated fetal ascites detected in the first trimester ultrasound, with no other remarkable signs. After an extensive work‐up (fetal ultrasound, serologies, Coombs test, and NIPT), an amniocentesis was performed and revealed an abnormal karyotype of 46,XX,del(5)(p15.2), characteristic of CdCS. We hypothesize that isolated fetal ascites has to be considered an antenatal ultrasonographic marker for CdCS, a finding that should be confirmed in further cases.
Development of polymyalgia rheumatica during hospitalization and diagnosis based on history taking by physical and occupational therapists
Authors: Isono Hiroki , Ito Yuri , Takamura Noriko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPolymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is frequently reported in the outpatient setting and presents with pain, morning stiffness, mild fever, and fatigue. However, the clinical course of PMR during hospitalization is unknown. We report a case of PMR that developed during hospitalization. PMR diagnosis should begin with an evaluation of core inclusion and exclusion criteria. However, when examining elderly patients, retrieving symptom information from the patient or their family is often difficult, especially during prolonged hospitalization. History taking by physical and occupational therapists or by other health care professionals is paramount in the symptomatic diagnoses of inpatients.
Partitioning two‐coloured complete multipartite graphs into monochromatic paths and cycles
Authors: Schaudt Oliver , Stein Maya 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe show that any complete ‐partite graph on vertices, with , whose edges are two‐coloured, can be covered with two vertex‐disjoint monochromatic paths of distinct colours, given that the largest partition class of contains at most vertices. This extends known results for complete and complete bipartite graphs.Secondly, we show that in the same situation, all but vertices of the graph can be covered with two vertex‐disjoint monochromatic cycles of distinct colours, if colourings close to a split colouring are excluded. From this we derive that the whole graph, if large enough, may be covered with 14 vertex‐disjoint monochromatic cycles.
The Luminescent Systems of Pony Fishes
Authors: Haneda Yata , Tsuji Frederick I. 
Published: December 2018

The anatomy of bioluminescent organs and mode of light production in 18 species of pony fish have been investigated using fresh and preserved material. The luminescent systems are similarly arranged in all. Basically, the system consists of a light organ located at the distal end of the esophagus, and a series of abdominal accessory structures positioned in tandem for controlling light intensity and for directing and dispersing the light. Light is produced by numerous symbiotic luminous bacteria in the light organ. A simple classification of the luminescent systems is proposed.The light organs ofLeiognathus elongatusandL. rivulatusshow marked sexual dimorphism. The bacteria present in the light organs of many pony fishes are easily culturable, but not those fromL. elongatus. Electron micrographs of the light organs ofL. elongatusandL. rivulatusshow the presence of numerous rod‐shaped bacteria measuring approximately 0.8 µ x 2.4 µ and 0.8 µ x 7.3 µ, respectively. It is concluded that the light organ ofL. elongatuscontains another example of a type of non‐culturable luminous bacteria that have been found elsewhere. Such bacteria appear to require from the host some special factor for growth and luminescence.
The Efferent Connections of the Olfactory Bulb and Accessory Olfactory Bulb in the Snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis and Thamnophis radix
Authors: Halpern Mimi 
Published: December 2018

The efferent connections of the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb of two species of garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis and T. radix were studied with experimental anterograde degeneration techniques. Axons of cells located in the olfactory bulb terminate ipsilaterally in all parts of the anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle and lateral pallium. In addition, some axons enter the ipsilateral stria medullaris thalami, cross the midline in the habenular commissure, enter the contralateral stria medullaris thalami and terminate in the contralateral lateral pallium. The axons of cells in the accessory olfactory bulb course through the telencephalon completely separated from the fibers of olfactory bulb origin and terminate predominantly in the nucleus sphericus.These results confirm previous reports of the separation between the central projections of the olfactory and vomeronasal systems in a variety of vertebrates. The totality of the separation between these two systems coupled with the extensive development of the vomeronasal‐accessory bulb system in these snakes suggests that they may be ideal subjects for further research on the functional significance of the vomeronasal system.
The Structure and Development of the Pineal Complex in the Lanternfish Triphoturus mexicanus (Family Myctophidae)
Authors: McNulty John A. , Nafpaktitis Basil G. 
Published: December 2018

The pineal complex of the lanternfish Triphoturus mexicanus was studied by light and electron microscopy. Receptor, supportive and ganglion cells were identified in the pineal end‐vesicle. The presence of receptor cells and the prominent pineal window strongly suggest a photoreceptive function. Numerous unmyelinated nerve fibers were also found in the end‐vesicle. These converge to form part of the pineal stalk. Two kinds of cells (Types I and II) were distinguished in the dorsal sac, which is very well developed. Type I cells are non‐ciliated ependymal cells and contain large parcels of glycogen. Type II cells contain large lipidlike inclusions and a distinct band of filaments around the entire periphery of the cell.Receptor cells appear very early in the development of T. mexicanus. They seem to originate from ependymal cells lining the roof of the third ventricle.
Metabolic profiles and pharmacokinetics of Qingre Xiaoyanning capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription of Sarcandrae Herba, in rats by UHPLC coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lin Pei , Dai Yi , Yao Zhihong , Qin Zifei , He Liangliang , Wang Qiyi , Wei Zhuochun , Zhang Yezi , Yao Xinsheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQingre Xiaoyanning capsule is a famous traditional Chinese medicine prescription which consisted of Sarcandrae Herba (also named Caoshanhu in China) water extract for the frequent treatment of inflammation and immunity related diseases. Until now, the in vivo bioactive components of Qingre Xiaoyanning capsule have not yet been fully addressed. In this study, a total of 42 xenobiotics including 20 prototypes and 22 metabolites were identified in rats after oral administration of Qingre Xiaoyanning capsule using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. Subsequently, isofraxidin and rosmarinic acid, two bioactive components with high exposure in rat plasma, were quantitatively analyzed, while another 20 major absorbed components were semi‐quantitatively measured, to investigate together the pharmacokinetics behavior of Qingre Xiaoyanning capsule. Taken together, this study provided comprehensive knowledge of in vivo disposal of this prescription, which could help reveal the potential bioactive components, and would be conducive to further pharmacological mechanism research as well as quality control approach improvement of Qingre Xiaoyanning capsule and Sarcandrae Herba related prescriptions.
Environmental factors influencing beaver dam locations
Authors: Swinnen Kristijn R. R. , Rutten Anneleen , Nyssen Jan , Leirs Herwig 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBeavers are known for their ability to build dams that change the environment. They also occupy territories where they do not construct dams. The goal of this study was to determine which environmental factors influence beaver dam construction and to examine the upstream water level increase caused by the dams. We compared factors collected at 15 beaver territories with dams (32 dams) and 13 territories without dams (i.e., control) in the gently undulating and human‐dominated landscape of Middle Belgium in 2013. River width, river depth, distance from woody vegetation, stream velocity, and bank height differed significantly between territories with and without dams. Water depth was the most important parameter to correctly classify territories as either dam territory or control territory (with 97% accuracy). When beavers were present and water depth in summer was <68 cm, the probability of dam building was high; if water depth was >68 cm, dam building was unlikely. Dams caused an increase in the upstream water level of on average 47 ± 21 cm. On average the water level could rise only an additional 25 ± 30 cm upstream of the dam before bank overtopping would occur. These results provide a simple tool for planners to assess the probability of floodplain inundation by beaver dam building, as part of multifunctional riverine landscape management. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of fire in subtropical cloud forests on an oceanic island
Authors: Bello‐Rodríguez Víctor , Gómez Luis A. , Fernández López Ángel , Del‐Arco‐Aguilar Marcelino J. , Hernández‐Hernández Raquel , Emerson Brent , González‐Mancebo Juana María 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe recurrence of fires has increased considerably due to human activity, affecting even forests where traditionally fire is uncommon. In this study, we verify the effects of degradation caused by fire in the Canarian laurel forests, which is a subtropical forest formation restricted to the humid montane areas of these Macaronesian islands. We evaluated the effect of fire by comparing a series of burned plots corresponding to fires from 1960, 1984, 1995, to 2012 with geographically proximate and comparable unburned plots in the Garajonay National Park (La Gomera Island, Spain). We focused on three aspects that are immediately altered by fire: forest structure, floristic composition, and microclimate. These aspects have been quantified using (a) tree density, the Pielou index using tree height classes, and DBH for the vertical structure of the forest; (b) DCA, the Bray Curtis dissimilarity index, and a species indicator analysis for the floristic composition; and (c) temperature and relative humidity for microclimate under three canopy cover conditions. Our results reveal that, overall, structural complexity and its composition in the burned areas have barely reached 40% and 35%, respectively, when compared with unburned areas, and recovery mainly depends on time since fire. Additionally, burned plots presented more pioneer species, a higher density of trees, and climatic variables tend to have a wider range throughout the day. These data reveal the long time span that this ecosystem needs for recovery to a prefire state and how it may be more prone to subsequent fire events.
Benign proliferative epithelial lesions of oral mucosa are infrequently associated with α‐, β‐, or γ human papillomaviruses
Authors: Kerge Sirli , Vuorinen Jessi , Hurme Saija , Soukka Tero , Gheit Tarik , Tommasino Massimo , Syrjänen Stina , Rautava Jaana 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundOral papillomas and verruca vulgaris have been associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, approximately half of these have remained HPV‐negative when tested for mucosal HPV genotypes. In this study, we evaluated presence of α‐, β‐, and γ‐HPVs in benign papillary and verrucous lesions.MethodsEighty‐three clinical lesions with suspected HPV etiology were analyzed for HPV types of genus α (n = 24), β (n = 46), and γ (n = 52). Immunohistochemistry was used for p16 as a possible surrogate marker of high‐risk HPV, accompanied by Ki‐67 proliferation marker.ResultsAltogether, α‐HPVs were detected in 6.4%, β‐HPVs in 2.4%, and γ‐HPV in 4.8%. The following genotypes were identified: HPV6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 161, and 170. Neither Ki‐67 nor p16 positivity alone were associated with HPV but combined staining showed significant inverse association (P = .042).ConclusionHPV infection is found only in a minority of benign verrucous and papillary oral lesions, with the predominance of α‐HPVs.Level of Evidence4
Acetazolamide‐Loaded pH‐Responsive Nanoparticles Alleviating Tumor Acidosis to Enhance Chemotherapy Effects
Authors: Liu Sen , Luo Xingyu , Liu Shiyi , Xu Peipei , Wang Jianquan , Hu Yong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), over‐expressed on cancer cells, catalyzes CO2 to bicarbonate and protons, contributing to the acidic extracellular pH (pHe), which enhances the multidrug resistance of tumor cells. Therefore, alleviating tumor acidosis would greatly improve the outcome of chemotherapy. This work fabricates acetazolamide (ACE)‐loaded pH‐responsive nanoparticles (ACE‐NPs), which are quickly disintegrated in an acidic solution (pH 6.8), resulting in a quick release of ACE from these NPs to inhibit the expression of CA IX, thus up‐regulating the pHe value. These ACE‐NPs have no obvious in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo studies confirm the accumulation of ACE‐NPs in tumor tissue. In addition, mice treated with ACE and paclitaxel (PTX) co‐loaded NPs show a smaller tumor size and a higher survival rate when compared to that of mice treated with ACE‐ or PTX‐loaded NPs. This work reveals that simultaneous delivery of ACE and chemotherapy agents to tumor tissue can up‐regulate the acidic pHe value, consequently enhancing the anti‐tumor ability of chemotherapy medicine. These findings open a new window for enhancing the anti‐tumor ability of traditional chemotherapy in clinic.
Self Assembly–Assisted Additive Manufacturing: Direct Ink Write 3D Printing of Epoxy–Amine Thermosets
Authors: Manning Kylie B. , Wyatt Nicholas , Hughes Lindsey , Cook Adam , Giron Nicholas H. , Martinez Estevan , Campbell Christopher G. , Celina Mathias C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe use of self‐assembling, pre‐polymer materials in 3D printing is rare, due to difficulties of facilitating printing with low molecular weight species and preserving their reactivity and/or functions on the macroscale. Akin to 3D printing of small molecules, examples of extrusion‐based printing of pre‐polymer thermosets are uncommon, arising from their limited rheological tuneability and slow reactions kinetics. The direct ink write (DIW) 3D printing of a two‐part resin, Epon 828 and Jeffamine D230, using a self‐assembly approach is reported. Through the addition of self‐assembling, ureidopyrimidinone‐modified Jeffamine D230 and nanoclay filler, suitable viscoelastic properties are obtained, enabling 3D printing of the epoxy–amine pre‐polymer resin. A significant increase in viscosity is observed, with an infinite shear rate viscosity of approximately two orders of magnitude higher than control resins, in addition to, an increase in yield strength and thixotropic behavior. Printing of simple geometries is demonstrated with parts showing excellent interlayer adhesion, unachievable using control resins.
High Performance Ion Exchange Membranes Prepared via Direct Polyacylation of Racemic and (S)‐1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐Based Cationic/Anionic Monomers
Authors: Zhang Zhenghui , Xu Tongwen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSide‐chain‐type sulfonated/quaternized aromatic polyelectrolytes with precisely controlled contents of ionized groups are successfully synthesized via direct polyacylation of sulfonated/quaternized monomers based on 2,2′‐dihydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (DHBN). Both proton exchange membranes (PEMs) and anion exchange membranes (AEMs) of the corresponding polyelectrolytes exhibit outstanding properties. Proton conductivity (116 mS cm−1 at 30 °C) higher than Nafion 115 for the PEMs and OH– conductivity (28.5–53.7 mS cm−1 at 30 °C) comparable to Tokuyama A901 for the AEMs are accomplished. In addition, the AEMs can withstand 60 days’ aging in 1 mol L−1 NaOH at 60 °C without degradation, as proved by 1H NMR. More intriguingly, when starting from optically active (S)‐DHBN instead of racemic DHBN, an enhancement in proton conductivity of PEMs is observed for the first time, which opens a new door to optically active ion exchange membranes.
Dietary Methionine Restriction Upregulates Endogenous H2S via miR‐328‐3p: A Potential Mechanism to Improve Liver Protein Metabolism Efficiency in a Mouse Model of High‐fat‐diet‐induced Obesity
Authors: Wu Guoqing , Wang Yanan , Yang Yuhui , Shi Yonghui , Sun Jin , Xu Yunchong , Luo Tingyu , Le Guowei 
Published: December 2018

ScopeDietary methionine restriction (MR) promotes multifaceted health benefits. Moreover, lower rate of protein synthesis by dietary MR is associated with life span extension. The goal of this work is to explore how dietary MR would affect protein metabolism in a mouse model of high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity (DIO).Methods and resultsDIO mice (male C57BL/6) are subjected to dietary MR for 22 weeks. High‐throughput sequencing technology, qRT‐PCR analysis, and the dual luciferase reporter assay are performed to verify that MiR‐328‐3p directly targets cystathionine γ‐lyase (CSE) to modulate endogenous H2S production. Moreover, indicators of endogenous H2S, fractional synthesis rate (FSR), fractional growth rate (FGR), fractional degradation rate (FDR), and protein retention efficiency (PRE) are analyzed. MR results in an increase in endogenous H2S to relieve oxidative stress and ER stress to improve protein homeostasis and metabolic efficiency in DIO mice.ConclusionResults show that dietary MR increases endogenous H2S production via miR‐328‐3p. Furthermore, these results suggest the potential involvement of endogenous H2S on the efficiency of protein metabolism in dietary MR.
(all‐E)‐ and (5Z)‐Lycopene Display Similar Biological Effects on Adipocytes
Authors: Fenni Soumia , Astier Julien , Bonnet Lauriane , Karkeni Esma , Gouranton Erwan , Mounien Lourdes , Couturier Charlene , Tourniaire Franck , Böhm Volker , Hammou Habib , Landrier Jean‐François 
Published: December 2018

ScopeAlthough about 90% of lycopene in dietary sources occurs in the linear all‐trans conformation, a large proportion of the lycopene found in human tissues is of the cis‐isomer type, notably (5Z)‐lycopene. The biological effects of this (5Z) isomer have been under‐researched. The aim of this study is to evaluate some biological functions of (5Z)‐lycopene in adipocytes and to compare them with those of (all‐E)‐lycopene.Methods and results(all‐E)‐ and (5Z)‐Lycopene displayed strong similarities in global gene expression profile and biological pathways impacted. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) signaling is identified as a major actor mediating the effects of lycopene isomers. Transactivation assays confirmed the ability of both isomers to transactivate PPARγ. In addition, the TNFα‐induced proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes is reduced by both isomers via a reduction in the phosphorylation levels of p65. Finally, lycopene isomers restore the TNF‐α‐blunted uptake of glucose by adipocytes via a modulation of AKT phosphorylation.ConclusionThese results show that lycopene isomers exert similar biological functions in adipocytes, linked to their ability to transactivate PPARγ. These findings add to our knowledge of lycopene effects in adipocyte biology and point to the possible use of lycopene in the prevention of obesity‐related disorders.