bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Long noncoding RNA HAGLROS regulates apoptosis and autophagy in colorectal cancer cells via sponging miR‐100 to target ATG5 expression
Authors: Zheng Yansheng , Tan Kanglian , Huang Haipeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the expression of HOXD antisense growth‐associated long noncoding RNA (HAGLROS) and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as the roles and regulatory mechanism of HAGLROS in CRC development. The HAGLROS expression in CRC tissues and cells was detected. The correlation between HAGLROS expression and survival time of CRC patients was investigated. Moreover, HAGLROS was overexpressed and suppressed in HCT‐116 cells, followed by detection of cell viability, apoptosis, and the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins and autophagy markers. Furthermore, the association between HAGLROS and miR‐100 and the potential targets of miR‐100 were investigated. Besides, the regulatory relationship between HAGLROS and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was elucidated. The results showed that HAGLROS was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cells. Highly expression of HAGLROS correlated with a shorter survival time of CRC patients. Moreover, knockdown of HAGLROS in HCT‐116 cells induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio, cleaved‐caspase‐3, and cleaved‐caspase‐9, and inhibited autophagy by decreasing the expression of LC3II/LC3I and Beclin‐1 and increasing P62 expression. Furthermore, HAGLROS negatively regulated the expression of miR‐100, and HAGLROS controlled HCT‐116 cell apoptosis and autophagy through negatively regulation of miR‐100. Autophagy related 5 (ATG5) was verified as a functional target of miR‐100 and miR‐100 regulated HCT‐116 cell apoptosis and autophagy through targeting ATG5. Besides, HAGLROS overexpression activated phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway. In conclusion, a highly expression of HAGLROS correlated with shorter survival time of CRC patients. Downregulation of HAGLROS may induce apoptosis and inhibit autophagy in CRC cells by regulation of miR‐100/ATG5 axis and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
The effects of particle density in moxa smoke on the ultrastructure of knee cartilage and expressions of TNF‐α, IL‐1b, BAX, and Bcl‐2 mRNA in a rat model for osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhang Jiangtao , Li QiYi , Chang ShouYa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness of smokeless moxa and other means to reduce exposure are extensively investigated with regards to the health consequences of inhalation of moxa smoke, and clinical studies indicate that classical moxibustion is superior to smokeless moxa. This study aims to quantify the effects of particle density in moxa smoke on the clinical outcome with an established model, demonstrated to be effective for classical moxibustion.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to explore the effects of particle density in moxa smoke on the ultrastructure of knee cartilage and expression of cytokine, tissue necrosing factor–alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1b), apoptosis regulator, B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), and BAX in a rat model for inflammatory joint disease.MethodsFifty healthy experimental rats were randomly divided into five groups, including normal control, model control, and moxa exposure groups with low, medium, and high particle density, and n = 10/group. In addition, a knee osteoarthritis model was duplicated in the model control and moxa exposure groups. Finally, the ultrastructure of knee cartilage was observed using transmission electron microscopy, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of TNF‐α, IL‐1b, BAX, and Bcl‐2 were determined with quantitative fluorescence methodology.ResultsIn the model control and moxa exposure groups, knee cartilage indicated that histologic changes with the degree of injury were inversely proportional to moxa smoke density. The mRNA expressions of TNF‐α, IL‐1b, and BAX in synovial fluid, as an acute phase reactant, were similarly inversely related to moxa smoke density, but significantly increased. In contrast, Bcl‐2, as an antiapoptotic, was substantially decreased in the model, while its levels were directly proportional to moxa smoke density. Besides, the ratio of Bcl‐2/BAX mRNA was sharply decreased in the model group, but with levels proportional to moxa smoke density.ConclusionsA correlation was found between the particle density in moxa smoke and degree of injury to knee cartilage, favoring higher particle densities. This can be partially related to the suppression of the inflammatory effects of TNF‐α, IL‐1b, enhancement of the antiapoptotic effects of Bcl‐2, and, nevertheless, suppression of the apoptotic effects of BAX. Finally, the protective effect of antiapoptotic is one of the key mechanisms for an ambient moxa smoking environment.
A dual target of Plasmepsin IX and X: Unveiling the atomistic superiority of a core chemical scaffold in malaria therapy
Authors: Munsamy Geraldene , Agoni Clement , Soliman Mahmoud E. S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPlasmepsin IX and X, members of the prominent aspartic family of proteases whose function were hitherto unknown have only recently been established as key mediators of erythrocyte invasion and egress of the virulent malarial parasite. Inhibitor 49c, a potent antimalarial peptidomimetic inhibitor initially developed to target Plasmepsin II has lately been proven to exhibit potent inhibitory activity against Plasmepsin IX and X. However, the molecular and structural dynamics supporting its inhibitory activity remain inconclusive. Hindering the motion of the flap and hinge region of an aspartic protease remains essential for disabling the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Integrating molecular dynamic simulations coupled with other advanced biocomputational tools, we reveal the enhanced structural mechanistic competence of 49c in complex with Plasmepsin IX and X relative to Pepstatin. Pepstatin, a known aspartic protease inhibitor which actively hinders the opening and closing of the flap tip and flexible loop and consequently limits access to the catalytic aspartic residues, however, its administration has been related to elevated levels of toxicity. Thermodynamic calculations reveal a higher relative binding free energy associated with Plasmepsin IX and X in complex with 49c as opposed to Pepstatin. A relatively compact and structurally rigid 49c bound complexes sequel into the restriction of the flap and hinge residues by restraining cohesive movement, consequently hindering their “twisting motion” from transpiring. Findings unveil an atomistic perspective into the structural superiority of 49c in complex with Plasmepsin IX and X.
What prevents doctors from seeking help for stress and burnout? A mixed‐methods investigation among metropolitan and regional‐based australian doctors
Authors: Clough Bonnie A. , March Sonja , Leane Sheena , Ireland Michael J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveDespite the increased risk of experiencing mental health concerns, particularly related to stress and burnout, psychological help‐seeking among medical doctors is typically low. This study examined the barriers to treatment experienced by doctors for stress and burnout‐related difficulties.MethodsA mixed‐methods design was adopted. The quantitative sample comprised 274 Australian‐based medical doctors. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a subsample of 20 (11 regional and 9 metropolitans) doctors. For triangulation, five stakeholder interviews were also conducted with representatives of the profession.ResultsTime was the greatest barrier to treatment. Qualitatively, doctors identified barriers such as stigma and fear of professional consequences, and particularly among regional doctors, access to services and professional culture.ConclusionsThere is a need for tailored strategies to address barriers to psychological treatment among doctors for improving service access and mental health.
Association and genome analyses to propose putative candidate genes for malt quality traits
Authors: Daba Sintayehu , Horsley Richard , Schwarz Paul , Chao Shaoman , Capettini Flavio , Mohammadi Mohsen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe studied the genetics of nine malt quality traits using association genetics in a panel of North Dakota, ICARDA, and Ethiopian barley lines. Grain samples harvested from Bekoji in 2011 and 2012 were used.RESULTSThe mapping panel revealed strong population structure explained by inflorescence‐type, geographic origin, and breeding history. North Dakota germplasm were superior in malt quality traits and they can be donors to improve malt quality properties. We identified 106 marker‐trait associations (MTAs) for the nine traits, representing 81 genomic regions across all barley chromosomes. Chromosomes 3H, 5H, and 7H contained most of the MTAs (58.5%). Nearly 18.5% of these genomic regions contained two to three malt quality traits. Within ±250 kb of 81 genomic regions, we recovered 348 barley genes, with some potential impacting malt quality. These include invertase, β‐fructofuranosidase, α‐glucosidase, serine carboxypeptidase, and bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET14‐like protein. Eighteen of these genes were also previously reported in the Hordeum Toolbox, and 17 of them highly expressed during the germination process.CONCLUSIONThe results from this study invite further follow‐up functional characterization experiments to relate the genes with individual malt quality traits with higher confidence. It also provides germplasm resources for malt barley improvement. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of cryoconcentration process on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in apple juice
Authors: Zielinski Acácio AF , Zardo Danianni M , Alberti Aline , Bortolini Débora G , Benvenutti Laís , Demiate Ivo M , Nogueira Alessandro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDFreeze concentration is an alternative process where bioactive compounds are preserved during the processing of juice concentrates. This study proposed a simple and cheaper cryoconcentration process assisted by centrifugation in apple juice.RESULTSThe levels of phenolics increased significantly (P < 0.05) with each freeze concentration cycle that was performed. Furthermore, the process resulted in an average increase in the concentration of phenolics of 1.9, 2.9 and 3.8 times for the first, second and third steps of the concentration, respectively. In relation to phenolics, the antioxidant potential, which was evaluated by radical scavenging activity and reduction power, also increased with the cryoconcentration steps. The influence of the phenolics on the in vitro antioxidant activity was confirmed by a significant correlation between the antioxidant assays and total phenolics, flavonoids, flavan‐3‐ols, and flavonols (r > 0.70).CONCLUSIONThe increase in antioxidant activity may have been attributed to the increase in the phenolic compounds in the apple juices because of the cryoconcentration process. Therefore, this could be an excellent natural product to supplement and enrich blends, juices, ciders, smoothies, and jams in order to improve the sensorial, nutritional and antioxidant properties. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of microcapsule antioxidative wall materials of pine nut oil by the Maillard reaction
Authors: Guo Yang , Bao Yi‐Hong , Chai Yang‐Yang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaillard reaction products contribute to the amelioration of the biological functions or physical properties of foods and can be used to make dependable antioxidant wall materials for microcapsules of pine nut oil. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of temperature on the Maillard reaction of dry heat processes using gelatin/gum arabic (GE/GA) or gelatin/gum arabic/maltodextrin (GE/GA/MD) models and the products of the Maillard reaction as encapsulants to protect pine nut oil, as well as to evaluate the characteristics of the microcapsules.RESULTSThe grafting degree of the product increased with the temperature increments during the Maillard reaction. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the polysaccharide covalently linked to the protein. The antioxidant capability of the Maillard products at 80 °C was the highest. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation‐inhibiting activity and reducing power of the GE/GA/MD model were higher than those of the GE/GA model. With in vitro digestion of Maillard products, GE/GA/MD pine nut oil microcapsules exhibited greater oil release in artificial gastric and enteric juices. Microencapsulated pine nut oil had more stable oxygen, which protected the oil, compared to unencapsulated pine nut oil.CONCLUSIONTemperature affects the degree of the Maillard reaction on GE/GA and GE/GA/MD models. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Pleomorphic adenoma of the head and neck in children: presentation and management
Authors: Dombrowski Natasha D. , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Irace Alexandria L. , Cunningham Michael J. , Vargas Sara O. , Perez‐Atayde Antonio R. , Robson Caroline D. , Rahbar Reza 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivePleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland neoplasm in children. Recurrence and malignant transformation are concerns necessitating proper treatment.The goal of this research was to discuss the presentation, evaluation, and management of pediatric pleomorphic adenoma of the head and neck.MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients under 20 years of age treated for pleomorphic adenoma of the head and neck between 1998 and 2017. Data assessed included demographics, clinical presentation, imaging, treatment, complications, recurrence, and follow‐up.ResultsForty‐one patients with pleomorphic adenoma were identified. Major salivary gland lesions were most common (n = 32, 78.0%); 78.1% (25 of 32) arising in the parotid and 21.9% (7 of 32) in the submandibular glands. Minor salivary gland lesions were removed from the palate (5 of 9, 55.6%), buccal mucosa (2 of 9, 22.2%), parapharyngeal space (1 of 9, 11.1%), and upper lip (1 of 9, 11.1%). Preoperative imaging was reviewed in 32 patients and consisted of nine ultrasound exams, 15 computerized tomography (CT) exams, and 23 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams. Multimodality imaging was performed in 14 of 32 patients. Surgical excision was performed in all patients. Postoperative complications included transient facial paresis (n = 9), Frey syndrome (n = 1), and bacterial pharyngitis (n = 1). Average length of follow‐up was 25.5 months; confirmed recurrence occurred in two patients (4.9%).ConclusionEvaluation of pleomorphic adenoma in children should include preoperative imaging. The goal of surgery should be complete surgical excision with negative margins. Rate of recurrence is low; however, prolonged monitoring is recommended.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 129:2603–2609, 2019
Turbulence‐mediated facilitation of resource uptake in patchy stream macrophytes
Authors: Cornacchia Loreta , Licci Sofia , Nepf Heidi , Folkard Andrew , van der Wal Daphne , van de Koppel Johan , Puijalon Sara , Bouma Tjeerd J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMany landscapes are characterized by a patchy, rather than homogeneous, distribution of vegetation. Often this patchiness is composed of single‐species patches with contrasting traits, interacting with each other. To date, it is unknown whether patches of different species affect each other's uptake of resources by altering hydrodynamic conditions, and how this depends on their spatial patch configuration. Patches of two contrasting aquatic macrophyte species (i.e., dense canopy‐forming Callitriche and sparse canopy‐forming Groenlandia) were grown together in a racetrack flume and placed in different patch configurations. We measured 15NH4+ uptake rates and hydrodynamic properties along the centerline and the lateral edge of both patches. When the species with a taller, denser canopy (Callitriche) was located upstream of the shorter, sparser species (Groenlandia), it generated turbulence in its wake that enhanced nutrient uptake for the sparser Groenlandia. At the same time, Callitriche benefited from being located at a leading edge where it was exposed to higher mean velocity, as its canopy was too dense for turbulence to penetrate from upstream. Consistent with this, we found that ammonium uptake rates depended on turbulence level for the sparse Groenlandia and on mean flow velocity for the dense Callitriche, but Total Kinetic Energy was the best descriptor of uptake rates for both species. By influencing turbulence, macrophyte species interact with each other through facilitation of resource uptake. Hence, heterogeneity due to multispecific spatial patchiness has crucial implications for both species interactions and aquatic ecosystem functions, such as nitrogen retention.
Pallidal beta bursts in Parkinson's disease and dystonia
Authors: Lofredi Roxanne , Neumann Wolf‐Julian , Brücke Christof , Huebl Julius , Krauss Joachim K. , Schneider Gerd‐Helge , Kühn Andrea A. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundExaggerated beta power has been discussed as a disease‐specific biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD) and has recently been suggested to rely on prolonged bursts of subthalamic beta synchronization.ObjectiveIn this study, we test whether prolonged bursts are disease specific for beta activity in PD by comparison to oscillatory activity in dystonia.MethodsPallidal local field potentials were recorded from 5 PD patients ON and OFF dopaminergic medication and 5 dystonia patients. Synchronization of beta and low‐frequency oscillations in bursts was compared between groups with respect to their duration, amplitude, and rate.ResultsPallidal beta bursts were longer in PD‐OFF than PD‐ON or dystonia (P < .05). PD‐ON and dystonia displayed similar beta burst dynamics. Low‐frequency burst features showed no differences across groups.ConclusionsProlonged burst duration appears as a disease‐specific feature for beta activity in PD across the basal ganglia. With dopaminergic medication, beta bursts in PD resemble those in dystonia, which supports the notion of short beta bursts as a physiological pattern. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Practices for Drawing Blood Samples from Teleost Fish
Authors: Duman Muhammed , Saticioglu Izzet Burcin , Suzer Bayram , Altun Soner 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In the field of fish physiology, the species-specific parameters of blood, biochemistry, and hormones are especially unknown. The main reasons for this include difficulties in drawing blood from some fish species and nonstandardized blood reference values that change for fish weight, water temperature, and other environmental variables. Information and instructions for drawing blood from fish are limited, and there are few practical examples. Fish blood should be studied to determine metabolic disease and feeding disorders and also to improve rapid diagnostic kits for determining microbiologic diseases. This paper demonstrates methodologies for drawing blood from both aquarium and farmed fish and lists the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure, considering animal welfare and practicalities. Images and videos showing the different applications are also presented.
Ultra‐high molecular weight styrenic block copolymer/TPU blends for automotive applications: Influence of various compatibilizers
Authors: Gopalan Anagha M. , Naskar Kinsuk 
Published: November 2018

Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) based on new generation ultrahigh molecular weight styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are developed and characterized especially for automotive applications. Influence of maleic anhydride grafted styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS‐g‐MA) and maleic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber (EPM‐g‐MA) as compatibilizers has been explored and compared on the blends of SEBS/TPU (60:40). The amount of compatibilizers was varied from 0 to 10 phr. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies revealed the dramatic changes from a nonuniform to finer and uniform dispersed phase morphology. This was reflected in various mechanical properties. SEBS‐g‐MA modified blends showed higher tensile strength. EPM‐g‐MA modified blends also displayed considerable improvement. Elongation at break (EB) was doubled for the entire compatibilized blends. Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) confirmed the chemical changes in the blends brought about by the interactions between blend components and compatibilizers. Both SEBS‐g‐MA and EPM‐g‐MA had more or less similar effects in dynamic mechanical properties of the blends. Additionally, melt rheological studies have also been pursued through a rubber process analyzer (RPA) to get a better insight.
Inflammation induces endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and promotes vascular calcification through downregulation of BMPR2
Authors: Sánchez‐Duffhues Gonzalo , García de Vinuesa Amaya , van de Pol Vera , Geerts Marlieke E , de Vries Margreet R , Janson Stef GT , van Dam Hans , Lindeman Jan H. , Goumans Marie‐José , ten Dijke Peter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEndothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been unveiled as a common cause for a multitude of human pathologies, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Vascular calcification is a risk factor for ischemic vascular disorders and slowing calcification may reduce mortality in affected patients. The absence of early biomarkers hampers the identification of patients at risk. EndMT and vascular calcification are induced upon cooperation between distinct stimuli, including inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) family members. However, how these signaling pathways interplay to promote cell differentiation and eventually vascular calcification is not well understood. Using in vitro and ex vivo analysis in animal models and patient‐derived tissues, we have identified that the pro‐inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) induce EndMT in human primary aortic endothelial cells, thereby sensitizing them for BMP‐9‐induced osteogenic differentiation. Downregulation of the BMP type II receptor BMPR2 is a key event in this process. Rather than compromising BMP canonical signal transduction, loss of BMPR2 results in decreased JNK signaling in ECs, thus enhancing BMP‐9‐induced mineralization. Altogether, our results point at the BMPR2–JNK signaling axis as a key pathway regulating inflammation‐induced EndMT and contributing to calcification. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Thermal Behavior and Detonation Characterization of 3,3‐Dinitroazetidinium Salicylate
Authors: Yan Biao , Li Hongya , Ma Haixia , Zhao Fengqi , Ma Yajun , Zhang Zhifang , Zhang Ya , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe thermal behavior of 3,3‐dinitroazetidinium salicylate (DNAZ ⋅ SA) was studied under a non‐isothermal condition by DSC and TG/DTG methods. The intense exothermic decomposition processes of DSC curves were analyzed to obtain its kinetic parameters. The self‐accelerating decomposition temperature (TSADT), thermal ignition temperature (TTIT), and critical temperatures of thermal explosion (Tb) were obtained to evaluate its thermal stability and safety. The DFT was used to calculate its band structure; the energy gap was obtained to evaluate its impact insensitivity. Its detonation velocity (D) and detonation pressure (P) were estimated using the nitrogen equivalent equation according to the experimental density. The above results of DNAZ ⋅ SA were compared with those of 3,3‐dinitroazetidinium 3,5‐dinitrosalicylate (DNAZ ⋅ DNS), and the effect of nitro group on them were discussed, which results indicate that the nitro group increases the safety and energy simultaneously.