bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic aerosol source apportionment in Zurich using an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS) – Part 2: Biomass burning influences in winter
Authors: Qi Lu , Chen Mindong , Stefenelli Giulia , Pospisilova Veronika , Tong Yandong , Bertrand Amelie , Hueglin Christoph , Ge Xinlei , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H. , Slowik Jay G. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Real-time, in situ molecular composition measurements of the organic
fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) remain challenging,
hindering a full understanding of the climate impacts and health effects of
PM2.5. In particular, the thermal decomposition and ionization-induced
fragmentation affecting current techniques has limited a detailed
investigation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which typically dominates
OA. Here we deploy a novel extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight
mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS) during winter 2017 in downtown Zurich,
Switzerland, which overcomes these limitations, together with an Aerodyne
high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS) and
supporting instrumentation. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) implemented
within the Multilinear Engine (ME-2) program was applied to the EESI-TOF-MS data to
quantify the primary and secondary contributions to OA. An 11-factor
solution was selected as the best representation of the data, including five primary and six secondary factors. Primary factors showed influence from
cooking, cigarette smoke, biomass burning (two factors) and a special local
unknown event occurred only during two nights. Secondary factors were
affected by biomass burning (three factors, distinguished by temperature and/or
wind direction), organonitrates, monoterpene oxidation, and undetermined
regional processing, in particular the contributions of wood combustion.
While the AMS attributed slightly over half the OA mass to SOA but did not
identify its source, the EESI-TOF-MS showed that most (>70 %) of
the SOA was derived from biomass burning. Together with significant
contributions from less aged biomass burning factors identified by both AMS
and EESI-TOF-MS, this firmly establishes biomass burning as the single most
important contributor to OA mass at this site during winter. High
correlation was obtained between EESI-TOF-MS and AMS PMF factors where specific
analogues existed, as well as between total signal and POA–SOA
apportionment. This suggests the EESI-TOF-MS apportionment in the current study
can be approximately taken at face value, despite ion-by-ion differences in
relative sensitivity. The apportionment of specific ions measured by the
EESI-TOF-MS (e.g., levoglucosan, nitrocatechol, and selected organic acids) and
utilization of a cluster analysis-based approach to identify key marker ions
for the EESI-TOF-MS factors are investigated. The interpretability of the
EESI-TOF-MS results and improved source separation relative to the AMS within
this pilot campaign validate the EESI-TOF-MS as a promising approach to source
apportionment and atmospheric composition research.
New chronological constraints on the timing of Late Pleistocene glacier advances in northern Switzerland
Authors: Gaar Dorian , Graf Hans Rudolf , Preusser Frank 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Deposits of the Reuss Glacier in the central northern Alpine foreland of Switzerland are dated using luminescence methodology. Methodological considerations on partial bleaching and fading correction of different signals imply the robustness of the results. An age of ca. 25 ka for sediment directly overlying basal lodgement till corresponds well with existing age constraints for the last maximal position of glaciers of the northern Swiss Alpine Foreland. Luminescence ages imply an earlier advance of Reuss Glacier into the lowlands during Marine Isotope Stage 4. The presented data are compared to findings from other parts of the Alps regarding glacier dynamics and palaeoclimatological implications, such as the source of precipitation during the Late Pleistocene.
Celebrating August Wilson's Legacy in Smoketown
Authors: Whitaker Mark 
Published: June 2019

In his opening address to attendees of the August Wilson Colloquium, Mark Whitaker—from his perspective as author of Smoketown—discusses the research he conducted and the subsequent incorporation of the topic of August Wilson into his book. Beginning with the assertion that that Wilson’s family story "fits the larger pattern of migrants from the northern part of the Old South who arrived in Pittsburgh with a respect for literacy and religious discipline," Whitaker contrasts the history of black Pittsburgh as reported in the pages of The Pittsburgh Courier with the metaphorical representations in Wilson's American Century Cycle.
Water and Steel: The 1977 Johnstown Flood and the Bethlehem Steel Corporation
Authors: Farabaugh Pat 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
On the evening of July 19, 1977, it began raining over Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and didn't stop until twelve inches of rain had fallen in ten hours. In addition to the rain falling from the skies, water also rushed down the mountain slopes above the city and dams gave way, wreaking devastation. By the following morning, eighty-six people were dead, hundreds were injured, four dams had broken apart or eroded, and residents of the community began cleaning up following the third major flood to strike the city since its founding in the early nineteenth century. Once a vital hub of the US steel industry, the 1977 flood altered Johnstown's economic future. The city that once served as home to more than 16,000 steel workers was forced to reinvent its economy, something that remains a work in progress more than forty years since the deluge of 1977.
Will She Hang? Women Sentenced to Death in Pennsylvania and Virginia, 1800–1900
Authors: Coulson Hilary L. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
This article utilizes comparative data from Virginia and Pennsylvania to examine newspaper representations of white and black women sentenced to death in the nineteenth century. Media coverage changed over the course of the century and execution records reveal the growing demand for labor in the post-emancipation South halted the number of former slave women hanged. The number of white women executed in Pennsylvania increased as white women entered the public sphere. Press coverage, execution records, and penitentiary registers expose fluctuating media coverage of women convicted and sentenced to death in the two states over the course of a century.
برامج الأرشيفات الوطنية للتدريب على إدارة الوثائق الإلكترونية: الأرشيف الوطني الأمريكي أنموذجا
Authors: صلاح الصاوي السيد , Elsawy Elsayed Salah 
Published: June 2019

المستخلص
شرعت دول عديدة في تبنى سياسات وتطبيقات للحكومة الإلكترونية سعياً منها لتيسير وتطوير الخدمات المقدمة للجمهور. وفي إطار ذلك، تلتزم مؤسسات الدولة ومنظماتها بوضع «برنامج تدريب مستمر» لموظفيها لتزويدهم بالمعارف والمهارات الكافية لمتطلبات وممارسات إدارة الوثائق الإلكترونية. وفي الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، يوفر برنامج الأرشيف الوطني للتدريب على إدارة الوثائق الفيدرالية تعليمات شاملة وفعالة لإدارة الوثائق من قبل موظفي الدولة باستخدام مجموعة متنوعة من الأدوات والتقنيات لتيسير إتاحة الوثائق الفيدرالية، وحماية الحقوق القانونية. تهدف هذه الدراسة الى توثيق تجربة الأرشيف الوطني الأمريكي «نارا» NARA في مجال التدريب على إدارة الوثائق الإلكترونية (أهداف البرنامج، وموضوعاته، وأماكن التدريب، والأدوات والتقنيات المستخدمة،....). كما تعرض الدراسة لأنواع ومحتوى البرامج التدريبية الخاصة بإدارة الوثائق في أرشيفات وطنية أخرى، أجنبية وعربية (المملكة المتحدة، استراليا، اليابان، الهند، مصر، العراق، سلطنة عمان، تونس) بهدف إثراء النتائج المستخلصة من الدراسة والتي يمكن أن تفيد الأرشيفات الوطنية العربية في تخطيط وتطوير برامج تدريب مستمر لأخصائي الوثائق الإدارية والإلكترونية.
العلاقة بين جودة الخدمات المكتبية ومؤشرات تأثير المكتبات وفق مواصفتي الآيزو: 16439 و9001:2015
Authors: حمارشة أماني 
Published: June 2019

ملخص: تستهدف هذه الدراسة قياس إلى أي مدى يؤدي تطبيق مواصفة الآيزو 9001:2015، على الخدمات الإدارية للتحسين من مستوى جودتها، على مؤشرات تأثير المكتبات الجامعية، والتي تُقاس عن طريق مواصفة الآيزو رقم 16439، لتأثير المكتبات. وسيجري من خلال هذه المواصفة التركيز على أساليب قياس هذه التأثيرات، بهدف التخطيط الاستراتيجي وإدارة الجودة الداخلية للمكتبات. وتساهم هذه المواصفة في تسهيل المقارنة بين المكتبات من النوع نفسه (عامة، أكاديمية، مدرسية، إلخ) من حيث التأثير الذي تحدثه في مجتمع المعرفة. حيث تهدف هذه المقارنات إلى تعزيز دور المكتبات وقيمتها في مجال التعليم والبحث العلمي، إضافةً إلى الجانب الثقافي والحياة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية.
تتبنى الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، لجمع البيانات وتحليلها، لدراسة مؤشرات تأثير المكتبات الجامعية الأردنية في الجامعات الحكومية، ومدى تطبيق معايير آيزو 9001، وقياس التأثير الذي أحدثه الاستخدام للمكتبة، وذلك حسب مؤشرات المواصفة آيزو 16439: مؤشرات تأثير المكتبات.
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes for Laboratorians
Authors: Stram Michelle , Gigliotti Tony , Hartman Douglas , Pitkus Andrea , Huff Stanley M. , Riben Michael , Henricks Walter H. , Farahani Navid , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: June 2019

Context.—The Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) system is supposed to facilitate interoperability, and it is the federally required code for exchanging laboratory data.Objective.—To provide an overview of LOINC, emerging issues related to its use, and areas relevant to the pathology laboratory, including the subtleties of test code selection and importance of mapping the correct codes to local test menus.Data Sources.—This review is based on peer-reviewed literature, federal regulations, working group reports, the LOINC database (version 2.65), experience using LOINC in the laboratory at several large health care systems, and insight from laboratory information system vendors.Conclusions.—The current LOINC database contains more than 55 000 numeric codes specific for laboratory tests. Each record in the LOINC database includes 6 major axes/parts for the unique specification of each individual observation or measurement. Assigning LOINC codes to a laboratory's test menu should be a defined process. In some cases, LOINC can aid in distinguishing laboratory data among different information systems, whereby such benefits are not achievable by relying on the laboratory test name alone. Criticisms of LOINC include the complexity and resource-intensive process of selecting the most correct code for each laboratory test, the real-world experience that these codes are not uniformly assigned across laboratories, and that 2 tests that may have the same appropriately assigned LOINC code may not necessarily have equivalency to permit interoperability of their result data. The coding system's limitations, which subsequently reduce the potential utility of LOINC, are poorly understood outside of the laboratory.
Proteomic identification of membrane-associated placental protein 4 (MP4) as perlecan and characterization of its placental expression in normal and pathologic pregnancies
Authors: Szenasi Nikolett Lilla , Toth Eszter , Balogh Andrea , Juhasz Kata , Karaszi Katalin , Ozohanics Oliver , Gelencser Zsolt , Kiraly Peter , Hargitai Beata , Drahos Laszlo , Hupuczi Petronella , Kovalszky Ilona , Papp Zoltan , Than Nandor Gabor 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundMore than 50 human placental proteins were isolated and physico-chemically characterized in the 70–80s by Hans Bohn and co-workers. Many of these proteins turned to have important role in placental functions and diagnostic significance in pregnancy complications. Among these proteins was membrane-associated placental protein 4 (MP4), for which identity or function has not been identified yet. Our aim was to analyze the sequence and placental expression of this protein in normal and complicated pregnancies including miscarriage, preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.MethodsLyophilized MP4 protein and frozen healthy placental tissue were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. Placental tissue samples were obtained from women with elective termination of pregnancy (first trimester controls,n= 31), early pregnancy loss (EPL) (n= 13), early preeclampsia without HELLP syndrome (n= 7) and with HELLP syndrome (n= 8), late preeclampsia (n= 8), third trimester early controls (n= 5) and third trimester late controls (n= 9). Tissue microarrays were constructed from paraffin-embedded placentas (n= 81). Slides were immunostained with monoclonal perlecan antibody and evaluated using light microscopy and virtual microscopy. Perlecan was also analyzed for its expression in placentas from normal pregnancies using microarray data.ResultsMass spectrometry-based proteomics of MP4 resulted in the identification of basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein also known as perlecan. Immunohistochemistry showed cytoplasmic perlecan localization in syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblasts of the villi. Perlecan immunoscore decreased with gestational age in the placenta. Perlecan immunoscores were higher in EPL compared to controls. Perlecan immunoscores were higher in early preeclampsia without and with HELLP syndrome and lower in late preeclampsia than in respective controls. Among patients with preeclampsia, placental perlecan expression positively correlated with maternal vascular malperfusion and negatively correlated with placental weight.ConclusionOur findings suggest that an increased placental perlecan expression may be associated with hypoxic ischaemic injury of the placenta in miscarriages and in early preeclampsia with or without HELLP syndrome.
Effects of obesity on the lipid and metabolite profiles of young adults by serum1H-NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Pasanta Duanghathai , Chancharunee Sirirat , Tungjai Montree , Kim Hong Joo , Kothan Suchart 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundOverweight (OW) is considered a risk for various metabolic diseases. However, its effects as a mechanism that alters the metabolite profiles remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects that OW has on the lipid and metabolite profiles in young adults.MethodsThe serum metabolite profiles of 46 young adults of normal weight and those considered OW were studied by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) technique.Results1H NMR metabolite analysis shows the alteration of metabolic levels and increased levels of CH2lipids and CH3lipids, which are used as unique biomarkers to identify OW subjects from the normal weight groups.ConclusionThis present study reveals that OW contributes to the systemic metabolism and the metabolite alteration among young adults. The alteration in serum lipids level could shed the light on metabolic syndrome pathogenesis in young adults and needs further elucidation.
Response patterns of routinely measured inflammatory and coagulatory parameters in sepsis
Authors: Bachler Mirjam , Hell Tobias , Schausberger Lukas , Schlömmer Christine , Schäfer Volker , Liebensteiner Marlies , Schäffler Katharina , Schenk Bettina , Fries Dietmar , Innerhofer Petra , Niederwanger Christian 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundSepsis is characterized by a pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulatory shift which can induce life-threatening complications. Close monitoring and risk stratification of sepsis patients is crucial for proper treatment and consequently patient outcome. Therefore, this study focuses on the response patterns of inflammatory and coagulatory parameters used in clinical routines to estimate the course of sepsis.MethodsA total of 1,110 patients diagnosed with sepsis were retrospectively analyzed to identify response patterns for risk stratification of routine parameters measured at the peak level of C-reactive protein. Cluster analysis was used and the differences in the patient characteristics and 28-day survival were assessed. Cox proportional hazards regression model for survival stratified by the clusters was performed.ResultsThe analyses revealed the parameters to have five distinct response patterns. These clusters reflect the etiology as well as the course of sepsis associated with different mortalities. Here, impairment of the liver plays a crucial role in the ability to appropriately respond to sepsis. Of the routinely measured parameters, C-reactive protein and antithrombin seem to be unspecific for stratification of septic patients. Adjusted for the individual clusters, survival was associated with an increase in fibrinogen (p = 0.0042), platelets (p = 0.0003) and PT (p = 0.001) as well as a decrease in leukocytes (p = 0.034).ConclusionsThis study reveals that patients have distinct response patterns of inflammatory and coagulatory parameters depending on disease etiology. These patterns are associated with different mortalities although the patients have similar levels of C-reactive protein. Independently of the type of response, good coagulatory capacity seems to be crucial for patient survival.
High Frequency and Activity of Glossina spp., Vectors of Human African Trypanosomiasis along a Secondary Forest-Man Made Transect in Makokou (North East-Gabon)
Authors: Roland Zinga-Koumba Christophe , Lendzele Sevidzem Silas , Joseph-Marie Affiri Odzame , Franck Mounioko , Aubin Koumba Armel , Nguema Rodrigue Mintsa , Lydie Acapovi-Yao Genevieve , Bertrand M’batchi , Mavoungou Jacques Francois 
Published: June 2019

The abundance, species diversity and diurnal activity rhythm of hematophagous glossineswere evaluated by trapping using 15 Vavoua traps, during the rainy season (25th Sept-5th Oct to 21st Oct-9th Nov 2018), in two habitats: secondary forest and Anthropised milieu, in the biosphere reserve Ipassa-IRET Makokou in Gabon. In total, 489 glossines were caught with 245 collected from Village-Town site and regrouped under 4 species [G.p.palpalis (32.17%), G. frezili (36.23%), G. nashi (29.57%) and G. f. fuscipes (2.03%)] while 244 were collected from forest and regrouped under 3 species [G.p.palpalis (61.48%), G. nashi (28.69%) and G. frezili (0.84%)]. The abundance of glossines was higher in the Village-Town milieu (2.88 g/t/d) as compared to the forest (2.34 g/t/d) with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Glossines showed a unimodal diurnal activity rhythm with peak between 10h-12h in the two milieu and was dominated by females.
An Alternative Low Cost Multiplication Technique: Natural Substances for Regenerating Plantlets from Mini Tubers of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas, L.)
Authors: Wilson Victoria 
Published: June 2019

Aims: This study was conducted specifically to develop a low cost rapid plantlet multiplication process easily affordable for farmers to enable them speedily generate plantlets for their farms from mini tubers of sweet potato variety, TIS 87/0087.
Study Design: The experimental design was a completely randomised design with three replications. Analysis of variance was used (P=.05) to test treatment effects in a completely randomized design and mean comparison was by LSD.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between February and April 2019 in the plant culture laboratory of the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, South-South, Nigeria.
Methodology: Mini tubers of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, L.) were preconditioned by soaking in a 1:10 ratio of natural substance to water for 12 hours before planting in soil. The natural substances comprised coconut water, grapefruit juice and honey with water as control.
Results: Mini tubers primed with grapefruit juice and coconut water sprouted significantly earlier (P=0.05) (7 days and 10 days respectively) than the control (water) which sprouted after 19 days. However, there was no significant difference in time to sprouting between mini tubers primed with honey (16 days) and the control (19 days). Mini tubers primed with grapefruit juice, coconut water and the control did not differ significantly (P=.05) in the number of initial plantlet sprouts but mini tubers primed with honey had significantly lower initial sprouts than others. On average, coconut water primed mini tubers produced significantly higher (P=.05) total number of regenerated plantlets compared to the other treatments and continued regeneration of plantlets longer than other treatments. Coconut water regenerated almost 3times the number of plantlets regenerated by mini tubers soaked in water. Mini tubers primed with honey stopped sprouting after 29 days which was significantly earlier (P=.05) than those primed with grapefruit juice (38 days), water (46 days) and coconut water (51 days).
Conclusion: This study found that mini tubers of sweet potato after a preconditioning treatment by soaking in dilute coconut water (1:10 coconut water : water ratio) for 12 hrs before planting regenerated almost 3times the number of plantlets regenerated by mini tubers soaked in water for the same period.
Preliminary Studies on the Detection of Bacillus cereus and Its Toxins: Comparing Conventional and Immunological Assays with a Direct Polymerase Chain Reaction Method
Authors: Abel Efezino Simon 
Published: June 2019

Aims: Experiments were conducted to evaluate the specificity and rapidity of the application of conventional, immunoassay and direct Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) techniques in the detection of Bacillus cereus and its toxins in contaminated rice.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK, between May 2015 and December 2015.
Methodology: Conventional testing for the presence of B. cereus and associated toxins was achieved using Polymixin Egg-yolk Mannitol Agar (PEMBA) culture plates while immunoassays were conducted using a commercially available Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination (TD0950 BCET-RPLA, Oxoid, UK) kit. Direct PCR was used to detect the HBL-E gene in the food samples and the PCR amplicons were visualised after separation by gel electrophoresis.
Results: Total Mean B. cereus count was recorded as 5.3 ×107 cfu / g of the rice sample from the PEMBA plate culture. The PEMBA method was the least in terms of rapidity of assay completion. Further assays such as the RPLA and dPCR assays were tested for potential in overcoming this limitation. Results from the immunological study showed that sample agglutination with sensitised latex beads was only positive up to the 10-2 dilution which is an indication of the presence of the Haemolysin BL enterotoxin (HBL-E). The PCR assay had the lowest limit of detection (5.3 ×106 cfu / g) thereby suggesting that the method has very low sensitivity for the bacteria. However, the PEMBA method was more sensitive but had highest detection limit (100 cfu / g) than the RPLA assay (5.3 ×105 cfu / g).
Conclusion: Although the dPCR had the advantage of producing results within a short time, it was less sensitive to B. cereus than RPLA and PEMBA assays. A development of improved highly sensitive assay for the toxin has the potential to enhance food safety.