bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Fibromyalgia (FM): the foundation of a relationship
Authors: Mckay Pamela G , Martin Colin R , Walker Helen , Fleming Mick 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and fibromyalgia (FM) are both debilitating syndromes with complex polysymptomatology. Early research infers that a relationship may exist even though the diagnosis provided may influence the management trajectory. In the absence of a diagnostic test and treatment, this study aims to confirm the symptoms and their severity, which may infer a relationship and influence future research. Method: A quasi-experimental design was utilised, using Internet-based self-assessment questionnaires focusing on nine symptom areas: criteria, pain, sleep, fatigue, anxiety and depression, health-related quality of life, self-esteem and locus of control. The questionnaires used for data collection are as follows: the American Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Symptom Inventory for CFS/ME (American CDC Symptom Inventory); the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Criteria for FM; Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ); McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ); Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Health-Related Quality of Life SF-36 V2 (HRQoL SF-36 V2); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLOC) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Setting and participants: Participants were recruited from two distinct community groups, namely CFS/ME (n = 101) and FM (n = 107). Participants were male and female aged 17 (CFS/ME mean age 45.5 years; FM mean age 47.2 years). Results: All participants in the CFS/ME and FM groups satisfied the requirements of their individual criteria. Results confirmed that both groups experienced the debilitating symptoms measured, with the exception of anxiety and depression, impacting on their quality of life. Results suggest a relationship between CFS/ME and FM, indicating the requirement for future research.
Controlling Terrorism Through the Nudging of Social Interactions
Authors: Mitra Siddhartha 
Published: October 2019

The article explains how ‘nudge theory’ can be applied to alleviate the incidence of terrorism. Nudges, which bring about a change in the environment in which individual choice is exercised, do not just modify the behaviour of individuals in a society but thereby influence the social environment which impacts both the human brain and behaviour. Thus, a nudge when appropriately administered to a large number of individuals can potentially bring about social evolution. This article seeks to reap dividends from this analytical argument by setting up an axiomatic system which captures present-day individual and social behaviour and then elaborates on the resultant social dynamics, which lead to growth of terrorism inducing intercommunity hatred. As humans can evolve, any axioms about human and social behaviour are not timeless. The article therefore suggests nudges for utilizing the bidirectional causality between the human brain and social environment to render one or more axioms toothless and diminish the societal propensity for terrorism. The recommended nudges include those that promote formation of mixed neighbourhoods by discreetly inducing more frequent interactions of a positive nature between members of hitherto hostile socio-economic groups; cultural exchange on neutral ground; and corporate social responsibility fostering the wellbeing of poor communities. JEL Classification: B55, D74, D87
Impact of Insurance Status on Time to Evaluation and Treatment of Meniscal Tears in Children, Adolescents, and College-Aged Patients in the United States
Authors: Johnson Taylor R. , Nguyen Alexander , Shah Kush , Hogue Grant D. 
Published: October 2019

Background: The meniscus is vital for load bearing, knee stabilization, and shock absorption, making a meniscal tear a well-recognized sport-related injury in children and young adults. An inverse relationship between the quality and value of orthopaedic care provided and the overall treatment cycle exists in which delayed meniscal tear treatment increases the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes. Although a majority of children and young adults have health insurance, many athletes within this demographic still face significant barriers in accessing orthopaedic services because of insurance type and household income. Purpose: To determine the impact of insurance status and socioeconomic markers on the time to orthopaedic evaluation and treatment as well as the rate of surgical interventions for meniscal tears in children and young adult athletes in the United States. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients ≤22 years of age who presented to our institution between 2008 and 2016 and who were diagnosed with meniscal tears. Patients were categorized based on insurance and socioeconomic status. Dates of injury, referral, evaluation by an orthopaedic surgeon, and surgery were also recorded. Chi-square and regression analyses were utilized to determine the significance and correlation between the influencing factors and time to referral, evaluation, and surgery. Results: Publicly insured, commercially insured, and uninsured patients comprised 49.4%, 26.6%, and 24.1%, respectively, of the 237 patients included in this study. Insurance status was predictive of time to orthopaedic referral, initial evaluation, and surgery ( P < .01). Uninsured and publicly insured patients experienced significant delays during their orthopaedic care compared with commercially insured patients. However, no correlation was found between insurance status or household income and the rate of surgical interventions. Conclusion: Publicly insured and uninsured pediatric and college-aged patients faced significant barriers in accessing orthopaedic services, as demonstrated by substantially longer times between the initial injury and referral to an orthopaedic evaluation and surgery; however, these socioeconomic factors did not affect the rate of surgical management. Clinical competency regarding the effects of socioeconomic factors on the time to orthopaedic care and efforts to expedite care among underinsured and underserved children are vital for improving patient outcomes.
IL-6 dysregulation originates in dendritic cells and mediates graft-versus-host disease via classical signaling
Authors: Wilkinson Andrew N. , Chang Karshing , Kuns Rachel D. , Henden Andrea S. , Minnie Simone A. , Ensbey Kathleen S. , Clouston Andrew D. , Zhang Ping , Koyama Motoko , Hidalgo Juan , Rose-John Stefan , Varelias Antiopi , Vuckovic Slavica , Gartlan Kate H. , Hill Geoffrey R. 
Published: October 2019

Key PointsDCs are the principal source of IL-6 dysregulation after alloSCT. IL-6–dependent GVHD is driven by classical signaling of IL-6R on donor T cells but is regulated by trans signaling.
The bending properties of bamboo strand board I-beams
Authors: Sun Yuhui , Jiang Zehui , Liu Huanrong , Sun Zhengjun , Fang Changhua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Novel bamboo I-beams fabricated from bamboo oriented strand boards as structural members were investigated. Bending tests were performed to determine the stiffness and strength properties of bamboo I-beams. The results showed that the stiffness and strength properties exceeded the requirements of APA EWS Performance-Rated I-joist in PRI-400-2012. Increasing section depth had obvious effect on the ultimate load capacity, stiffness and failure mode of bamboo I-beams. Moreover, the bending properties of bamboo I-beams were also affected by flange materials, joint type in web, and reinforcement of flange finger joints. The strain measurements indicated that the plane assumption could be applied to the bamboo I-beams. Based on the stiffness calculation formula of I-beams recommended in Canadian standard and the moment capacity calculation formula corresponding to each failure mode of I-beams, the calculated stiffness and ultimate load capacity of specimens were relatively close to the experimental results.
A machine learning-based service for estimating quality of genomes using PATRIC
Authors: Parrello Bruce , Butler Rory , Chlenski Philippe , Olson Robert , Overbeek Jamie , Pusch Gordon D. , Vonstein Veronika , Overbeek Ross 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Recent advances in high-volume sequencing technology and mining of genomes from metagenomic samples call for rapid and reliable genome quality evaluation. The current release of the PATRIC database contains over 220,000 genomes, and current metagenomic technology supports assemblies of many draft-quality genomes from a single sample, most of which will be novel.

Description
We have added two quality assessment tools to the PATRIC annotation pipeline. EvalCon uses supervised machine learning to calculate an annotation consistency score. EvalG implements a variant of the CheckM algorithm to estimate contamination and completeness of an annotated genome.We report on the performance of these tools and the potential utility of the consistency score. Additionally, we provide contamination, completeness, and consistency measures for all genomes in PATRIC and in a recent set of metagenomic assemblies.

Conclusion
EvalG and EvalCon facilitate the rapid quality control and exploration of PATRIC-annotated draft genomes.
Person-centred, integrated and pro-active care for multi-morbid elderly with advanced care needs: a propensity score-matched controlled trial
Authors: Berntsen G. K. R. , Dalbakk M. , Hurley J. S. , Bergmo T. , Solbakken B. , Spansvoll L. , Bellika J. G. , Skrøvseth S. O. , Brattland T. , Rumpsfeld M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPerson-centred care (PCC) focusing on personalised goals and care plans derived from “What matters to you?” has an impact on single disease outcomes, but studies on multi-morbid elderly are lacking. Furthermore, the combination of PCC, Integrated Care (IC) and Pro-active care are widely recognised as desirable for multi-morbid elderly, yet previous studies focus on single components only, leaving synergies unexplored. The effect of a synergistic intervention, which implements 1) Person-centred goal-oriented care driven by “What matters to you?” with 2) IC and 3) pro-active care is unknown.MethodsInspired by theoretical foundations, complexity science, previous health service research and a patient-driven evaluation of care quality, we designed the Patient-Centred Team (PACT) intervention across primary and secondary care. The PACT team collaborate with the patient to make and deliver a person-centred, integrated and proactive multi-morbidity care-plan. The control group receives conventional care. The study design is a pragmatic six months prospective, controlled clinical trial based on hospital electronic health record data of 439 multi-morbid frail elderly at risk for emergency (re) admissions referred to PACT and 779 propensity score matched controls in Norway, 2014–2016. Outcomes are emergency admissions, the sum of emergency inpatient bed days, 30-day readmissions, planned and emergency outpatient visits and mortality at three and six months follow-up.ResultsThe Rate Ratios (RR) for emergency admissions was 0,9 (95%CI: 0,82-0,99), for sum of emergency bed days 0,68 (95%CI:0,52-0,79) and for 30-days emergency readmissions 0,72 (95%CI: 0,41-1,24). RRs were 2,3 (95%CI: 2,02-2,55) and 0,9 (95%CI: 0,68-1,20) for planned and emergency outpatient visits respectively. The RR for death at 3 months was 0,39 (95% CI: 0,22-0,70) and 0,57 (95% CI: 0,34-0,94) at 6 months.ConclusionCompared with propensity score matched controls, the care process of frail multi-morbid elderly who received the PACT intervention had a reduced risk of high-level emergency care, increased use of low-level planned care, and substantially reduced mortality risk. Further study of process differences between groups is warranted to understand the genesis of these results better.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (identifier:NCT02541474), registered Sept 2015.
A systematic review on anti-malarial drug discovery and antiplasmodial potential of green synthesis mediated metal nanoparticles: overview, challenges and future perspectives
Authors: Kojom Foko Loick P. , Eya’ane Meva Francois , Eboumbou Moukoko Carole E. , Ntoumba Agnes A. , Ngaha Njila Marie I. , Belle Ebanda Kedi Philippe , Ayong Lawrence , Lehman Leopold G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The recent emergence in Southeast Asia of artemisinin resistance poses major threats to malaria control and elimination globally. Green nanotechnologies can constitute interesting tools for discovering anti-malarial medicines. This systematic review focused on the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles as potential source of new antiplasmodial drugs.

Methods
Seven electronic database were used following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results
A total of 17 papers were included in the systematic review. 82.4% of the studies used plant leaves to produce nanoparticles (NPs) while three studies used microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. Silver was the main metal precursor for the synthesis of NPs. The majority of studies obtained nanoparticles spherical in shape, with sizes ranging between 4 and 65 nm, and reported no or little cytotoxic effect of the NPs. Results based on 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) varied between studies but, in general, could be divided into three NP categories; (i) those more effective than positive controls, (ii) those more effective than corresponding plant extracts and, (iii) those less effective than the positive controls or plant extracts.

Conclusions
This study highlights the high antiplasmodial potential of green-synthesized metal nanoparticles thereby underscoring the possibility to find and develop new anti-malarial drugs based on green synthesis approaches. However, the review also highlights the need for extensive in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm their safety in humans and the elucidation of the mechanism of action.

Graphical abstract
Applying new fixed point theorems on fractional and ordinary differential equations
Authors: Karapınar Erdal , Abdeljawad Thabet , Jarad Fahd 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a fixed point theorem that extends and unifies several existing results in the literature. We apply the proven fixed point results on the existence of solution of ordinary boundary value problems and fractional boundary value problems with integral type boundary conditions in the frame of some Caputo type fractional operators.
The influence of phytase, pre-pellet cracked maize and dietary crude protein level on broiler performance via response surface methodology
Authors: Moss Amy F. , Chrystal Peter V. , Dersjant-Li Yueming , Selle Peter H. , Liu Sonia Yun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The reduction of crude protein levels in diets for broiler chickens may generate economic, environmental and flock welfare and health benefits; however, performance is usually compromised. Whole grain feeding and phytase may improve the utilization of reduced crude protein diets.

Results
The effects of pre-pellet cracked maize (0, 15% and 30%) and phytase (0, 750 and 1500 FTU/kg) in iso-energetic maize-soy diets with three levels of crude protein (22%, 19.5% and 17%) were evaluated via a Box-Behnken response surface design. Each of 13 dietary treatments were offered to 6 replicate cages (6 birds/cage) of male Ross 308 broiler chicks from 7 to 28 d post-hatch. Model prediction and response surface plots were generated from experimental data via polynomial regression in R and only significant coefficients were included and discussed in the predicted models. Weight gain, feed intake and FCR were all influenced by pre-pellet cracked maize, phytase and crude protein level, where crude protein level had the greatest influence. Consequently, the reduction from 22% to 17% dietary crude protein in non-supplemented diets reduced weight gain, feed intake, relative gizzard weight, relative gizzard content and relative pancreas weight but improved FCR. However, the inclusion of 30% cracked maize to 17% crude protein diets restored gizzard weight and 1500 FTU phytase inclusion to 17% crude protein diets increased relative gizzard contents and pancreas weights. Cracked maize and phytase inclusion in tandem to 17% crude protein diets increased weight gain, feed intake and FCR; however, this FCR was still more efficient than broilers offered the non-supplemented 22% crude protein diet. Broilers offered the pre-pellet cracked maize and phytase inclusions reduced AME in 22% crude protein diets but improved AME by 2.92 MJ (14.16 versus 11.24 MJ; P < 0.001) in diets containing 17% crude protein. Ileal N digestibility was greater in broilers offered diets with 17% crude protein than those offered the 22% crude protein diet; irrespective of phytase and pre-pellet cracked maize.

Conclusion
Pre-pellet cracked maize and phytase inclusions will improve the performance of broilers offered reduced crude protein diets.
Targeted Therapy in Advanced Melanoma With Rare BRAF Mutations
Authors: Menzer Christian , Menzies Alexander M. , Carlino Matteo S. , Reijers Irene , Groen Emma J. , Eigentler Thomas , de Groot Jan Willem B. , van der Veldt Astrid A.M. , Johnson Douglas B. , Meiss Frank , Schlaak Max , Schilling Bastian , Westgeest Hans M. , Gutzmer Ralf , Pföhler Claudia , Meier Friedegund , Zimmer Lisa , Suijkerbuijk Karijn P.M. , Haalck Thomas , Thoms Kai-Martin , Herbschleb Karin , Leichsenring Jonas , Menzer Alexander , Kopp-Schneider Annette , Long Georgina V. , Kefford Richard , Enk Alexander , Blank Christian U. , Hassel Jessica C. 
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE BRAF/MEK inhibition is a standard of care for patients with BRAF V600E/K–mutated metastatic melanoma. For patients with less frequent BRAF mutations, however, efficacy data are limited. METHODS In the current study, 103 patients with metastatic melanoma with rare, activating non-V600E/K BRAF mutations that were treated with either a BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi), MEK inhibitor (MEKi), or the combination were included. BRAF mutation, patient and disease characteristics, response, and survival data were analyzed. RESULTS Fifty-eight patient tumors (56%) harbored a non-E/K V600 mutation, 38 (37%) a non-V600 mutation, and seven had both V600E and a rare BRAF mutation (7%). The most frequent mutations were V600R (43%; 44 of 103), L597P/Q/R/S (15%; 15 of 103), and K601E (11%; 11 of 103). Most patients had stage IV disease and 42% had elevated lactate dehydrogenase at BRAFi/MEKi initiation. Most patients received combined BRAFi/MEKi (58%) or BRAFi monotherapy (37%). Of the 58 patients with V600 mutations, overall response rate to BRAFi monotherapy and combination BRAFi/MEKi was 27% (six of 22) and 56% (20 of 36), respectively, whereas median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months and 8.0 months, respectively ( P = .002). Of the 38 patients with non-V600 mutations, overall response rate was 0% (zero of 15) to BRAFi, 40% (two of five) to MEKi, and 28% (five of 18) to combination treatment, with a median PFS of 1.8 months versus 3.7 months versus 3.3 months, respectively. Multivariable analyses revealed superior survival (PFS and overall survival) with combination over monotherapy in rare V600 and non-V600 mutated melanoma. CONCLUSION Patients with rare BRAF mutations can respond to targeted therapy, however, efficacy seems to be lower compared with V600E mutated melanoma. Combination BRAFi/MEKi seems to be the best regimen for both V600 and non-V600 mutations. Yet interpretation should be done with care because of the heterogeneity of patients with small sample sizes for some of the reported mutations.
Lanreotide Therapy vs Active Surveillance in MEN1-Related Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors &lt; 2 Centimeters
Authors: Faggiano Antongiulio , Modica Roberta , Lo Calzo Fabio , Camera Luigi , Napolitano Vincenzo , Altieri Barbara , de Cicco Federica , Bottiglieri Fialomena , Sesti Franz , Badalamenti Giuseppe , Isidori Andrea M , Colao Annamaria 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are frequent in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. They are usually not surgically treated unless larger than 1 to 2 cm or a growth rate &gt; 0.5 cm per year. Somatostatin analogues represent one of the main therapeutic options in pNETs, but they have never been prospectively investigated in MEN1-related pNETs. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of lanreotide in patients with MEN1-related pNETs &lt; 2 cm.

Methods
MEN1 patients with 1 or more pNETs &lt; 2 cm of maximal diameter were considered. Study design was prospective observational, comparing patients treated with lanreotide autogel 120 mg every 28 days (LAN group) and patients in active surveillance, not receiving any therapy (AS group).

Results
Forty-two patients were enrolled: 23 in LAN and 19 in AS group. Median follow-up was 73 months. Initial imaging identified a total of 91 pNETs. The median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the LAN than in the AS group (median not reached vs 40 months, P &lt; 0.001). In the LAN group, 4 patients had an objective tumor response, 15 patients had stable disease, while 4 had tumor progression. In the AS group, 13 patients had pNET progression, while 6 were stable.

Conclusions
This is the first prospective study evaluating the efficacy of somatostatin analogues in MEN1-related pNETs. These findings highlight that lanreotide autogel is effective as antiproliferative therapy in MEN1-related pNETs &lt; 2cm, suggesting the utility of somatostatin analogues to arrest the development of tumor lesions as well as to delay or avoid pancreatic surgery.