bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A speed-fidelity trade-off determines the mutation rate and virulence of an RNA virus
Authors: Fitzsimmons William , Woods Robert J. , McCrone John T. , Woodman Andrew , Arnold Jamie J. , Yennawar Madhumita , Evans Richard , Cameron Craig E. , Lauring Adam S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMutation rates can evolve through genetic drift, indirect selection due to genetic hitchhiking, or direct selection on the physicochemical cost of high fidelity. However, for many systems, it has been difficult to disentangle the relative impact of these forces empirically. In RNA viruses, an observed correlation between mutation rate and virulence has led many to argue that their extremely high mutation rates are advantageous, because they may allow for increased adaptability. This argument has profound implications, as it suggests that pathogenesis in many viral infections depends on rare orde novomutations. Here we present data for an alternative model whereby RNA viruses evolve high mutation rates as a byproduct of selection for increased replicative speed. We find that a poliovirus antimutator, 3DG64S, has a significant replication defect and that wild type and 3DG64Spopulations have similar adaptability in two distinct cellular environments. Experimental evolution of 3DG64Sunder r-selection led to reversion and compensation of the fidelity phenotype. Mice infected with 3DG64Sexhibited delayed morbidity at doses well above the LD50, consistent with attenuation by slower growth as opposed to reduced mutational supply. Furthermore, compensation of the 3DG64Sgrowth defect restored virulence, while compensation of the fidelity phenotype did not. Our data are consistent with the kinetic proofreading model for biosynthetic reactions and suggest that speed is more important than accuracy. In contrast to what has been suggested for many RNA viruses, we find that within host spread is associated with viral replicative speed and not standing genetic diversity.Author SummaryMutation rate evolution has long been a fundamental problem in evolutionary biology. The polymerases of RNA viruses generally lack proofreading activity and exhibit extremely high mutation rates. Since most mutations are deleterious and mutation rates are tuned by natural selection, we asked why hasn’t the virus evolved to have a lower mutation rate? We used experimental evolution and a murine infection model to show that RNA virus mutation rates may actually be too high and are not necessarily adaptive. Rather, our data indicate that viral mutation rates are driven higher as a result of selection for viruses with faster replication kinetics. We suggest that viruses have high mutation rates, not because they facilitate adaption, but because it is hard to be both fast and accurate.
Plant Hormonomics: Multiple Phytohormone Profiling by Targeted Metabolomics
Authors: Šimura Jan , Antoniadi Ioanna , Široká Jitka , Tarkowská Danu¡e , Strnad Miroslav , Ljung Karin , Novák Ondřej 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhytohormones are physiologically important small molecules that play essential roles in intricate signaling networks that regulate diverse processes in plants. We present a method for the simultaneous targeted profiling of 101 phytohormone-related analytes from minute amounts of fresh plant material (less than 20 mg). Rapid and nonselective extraction, fast one-step sample purification, and extremely sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry enable concurrent quantification of the main phytohormone classes: cytokinins, auxins, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, jasmonates, salicylates, and abscisates. We validated this hormonomic approach in salt-stressed and control Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings, quantifying a total of 43 endogenous compounds in both root and shoot samples. Subsequent multivariate statistical data processing and cross-validation with transcriptomic data highlighted the main hormone metabolites involved in plant adaptation to salt stress.
Abusive supervision and job outcomes: a moderated mediation study
Authors: Pradhan Sajeet , Jena Lalatendu Kesari 
Published: April 2018

PurposeBased on the conservation of resources theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the linkage between abusive supervision (a workplace stressor) and subordinate’s intention to quit by focusing on the mediating role of emotional exhaustion. The study also explores the conditional mediation model by testing the moderational role of perceived coworker support on the mediated abusive supervision-intention to quit relationship via emotional exhaustion.Design/methodology/approachTo test the proposed hypotheses, the study draws data from 382 healthcare employees working in several hospitals and clinics in the eastern and north-eastern states of India. The authors collected data on the predictor and criterion variables at two time points with a separation of three to four weeks in a reversed order to counter priming effect.FindingsThe findings of the study reported that emotional exhaustion partially mediated the abusive supervision-intention to quit relationship. The result also supported the assertion that perceived coworker support will moderate the relationship between abusive supervision and subordinate’s intention to quit. The authors also found support to the moderated mediation hypothesis, that suggest perceived coworker support will reduce the mediating effect of abusive supervision-intention to quit relationship via emotional exhaustion.Originality/valueThis study is among few empirical investigations to investigate and report the interactional effect of perceived coworker support (a buffer) on the indirect relationship between abusive supervision and subordinate’s intention to quit via emotional exhaustion.
Artificial intelligence arrives in the library
Authors: Massis Bruce 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this column is to examine artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential relationship to the library.

Design/methodology/approach
Literature review and commentary on this topic have been addressed by professionals, researchers and practitioners.

Findings
The very disruptive nature of any new technology could be viewed as a threat to many institutions, including the library. But with the eventual acceptance and incorporation of AI into its services, it is certainly possible to speculate that this latest technology “intrusion” could also offer many potential positive enhancements into a multitude of library services, many of which are only being examined, considered and piloted in their early stages of development.

Originality/value
The value in exploring this topic is to present a look at the potential of using AI in the library and to open a discussion of its potential benefits.
Addressing student plagiarism from the library learning commons
Authors: Bell Stephanie 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize principled plagiarism education in library learning commons.

Design/methodology/approach
The synthesis of literature from library and information science, writing studies, and study skills illuminates academic cultures of speech reporting, causes of undergraduate student cheating behaviors and blunders in source use and attribution, and recommended best teaching practices.

Findings
Library learning commons are particularly well positioned to address student plagiarism as student-centric spaces with the potential to foster prosocial behaviors among students. Learning commons’ partner literatures reveal understandings of academic citation practices as multiple and fluid, tacit, ideological and skillful information literacies. Best practices for plagiarism education are developmental approaches aimed at socializing students into academic cultures of knowledge construction. These approaches to plagiarism education may preclude teaching academic integrity policy or participating in the enforcement of those codes of conduct.

Research limitations/implications
No survey of programs or their effectiveness was done for this paper. The effectiveness of the approach conceptualized here merits further study.

Originality/value
Contributions to fostering academic integrity support student success and the integrity of degrees and institutional reputation more broadly. This paper provides a model for interdisciplinary learning commons’ research.
Financial distress prediction of Islamic banks using tree-based stochastic techniques
Authors: Halteh Khaled , Kumar Kuldeep , Gepp Adrian 
Published: April 2018

PurposeFinancial distress is a socially and economically important problem that affects companies the world over. Having the power to better understand – and hence aid businesses from failing, has the potential to save not only the company, but also potentially prevent economies from sustained downturn. Although Islamic banks constitute a fraction of total banking assets, their importance have been substantially increasing, as their asset growth rate has surpassed that of conventional banks in recent years. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a data set comprising 101 international publicly listed Islamic banks to work on advancing financial distress prediction (FDP) by utilising cutting-edge stochastic models, namely decision trees, stochastic gradient boosting and random forests. The most important variables pertaining to forecasting corporate failure are determined from an initial set of 18 variables.FindingsThe results indicate that the “Working Capital/Total Assets” ratio is the most crucial variable relating to forecasting financial distress using both the traditional “Altman Z-Score” and the “Altman Z-Score for Service Firms” methods. However, using the “Standardised Profits” method, the “Return on Revenue” ratio was found to be the most important variable. This provides empirical evidence to support the recommendations made by Basel Accords for assessing a bank’s capital risks, specifically in relation to the application to Islamic banking.Originality/valueThese findings provide a valuable addition to the limited literature surrounding Islamic banking in general, and FDP pertaining to Islamic banking in particular, by showcasing the most pertinent variables in forecasting financial distress so that appropriate proactive actions can be taken.
A new self-adjusting PI controller for power control in a wind turbine generator
Authors: Parida Shubhranshu Mohan , Choudhury Subhashree , Rout Pravat Kumar , Kar Sanjeeb Kumar 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel self-adjusting proportional integral (SA-PI) controller, for controlling the active and reactive power of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) when subjected to variable wind speed and parameter variations.

Design/methodology/approach
The proportional and integral gains of the proposed SA-PI controller are based on tan-hyperbolic function and adjust themselves automatically within pre-fixed limits according to the error occurring during transient situations.

Findings
The proposed SA-PI controller is able to evade the problems usually encountered while using a constant gain PI controller, such as lack of robustness, adaptability and a wide range of operation. It also damps out system oscillations faster with reduced settling time and fewer overshoots.

Originality/value
Simulation results and comparative studies with conventional PI controller and the differential evolution–optimized PI (DE-PI) controller reveal the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. MATLAB is used to perform the simulation studies.
Systematic review of the prevalence of nodal metastases and the prognostic utility of sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tejera‐Vaquerizo Antonio , García‐Doval Ignacio , Llombart Beatriz , Cañueto Javier , Martorell‐Calatayud Antonio , Descalzo‐Gallego Miguel A. , Sanmartín Onofre 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer and its incidence is rising. The prognosis is mostly good but patients with high‐risk cSCC have a greater risk of recurrence and death. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review analyzing the prevalence, predictors and prognostic utility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) involvement in cSCC. We performed a published work search in Ovid MEDLINE and reviewed the reference lists of selected studies. Based on the 23 studies included in the systematic review, the proportion of patients with cSCC and positive SLN biopsy findings was 8% (95% confidence interval, 5.1–10.8%; I2= 44.51%). We found no studies reporting on predictors of SLN involvement in cSCC or on the prognostic utility of this finding following adjustment for confounders. The rate of positive SLN in cSCC is less than previously reported. Criteria for recommending SLN biopsy as a staging tool for cSCC vary considerably from study to study, and none of the studies were large enough to reliably identify predictors of SLN positivity. No randomized controlled trials have yet analyzed whether SLN biopsy may improve the prognosis of cSCC. More studies are required on the prognostic value of SLN positivity and the associated risk factors in cSCC.
Grazer effects on soil carbon storage vary by herbivore assemblage in a semi‐arid grassland
Authors: Chang Qing , Wang Ling , Ding Shiwen , Xu Tongtong , Li Zhiqiang , Song Xuxin , Zhao Xuan , Wang Deli , Pan Duofeng 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Accounting for 10%–30% of global soil organic carbon, grassland soils potentially present a large reservoir for storing atmospheric CO2. Livestock grazing management can substantially affect grassland soil carbon (C) storage, but few controlled experiments have explored how herbivore assemblages (different herbivore species and combinations) affect soil C storage.

We examined effects of moderate grazing by different herbivore assemblages (no grazing; sheep grazing; cattle grazing; mixed grazing by sheep and cattle) on soil organic carbon storage in two types of grassland communities (high forbs/high diversity and low forbs/low diversity), within a semi‐arid grassland with a 5‐year grazing history.

We found that herbivore assemblage generated varying effects on soil C storage and the effects were subject to grassland community types. In the low diversity community, none of three herbivore assemblages studied had obvious effects on soil C storage. In the high diversity community, however, sheep grazing significantly decreased soil C storage due to high selectivity for high quality forbs, and cattle grazing had no effects on soil C storage, while mixed grazing by sheep and cattle significantly increased soil C storage. Overall, soil C storage was highest in mixed‐grazed grassland sites with high diversity.

Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that explicitly incorporating grazer species and the combination of grazing livestock into grassland grazing management may help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Caution should be exercised when using grazer species with high food selectivity in grazing management aimed at climate mitigation, especially in grasslands with abundant high quality forbs and high plant diversity, as sheep grazing may reduce soil carbon (C) storage. Moreover, mixed grazing, including multiple herbivore species, may contribute to a reduction in foraging selectivity for a plant community by means of complementary foraging. It could therefore be considered as an optimal grazing management strategy to maintain and improve soil C storage.
‘Ingredients’ of a supportive web of caring relationships at the end of life: findings from a community research project in Austria
Authors: Wegleitner Klaus , Schuchter Patrick , Prieth Sonja 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn accordance with the pluralisation of life plans in late modernity, the societal organisation of care at the end of life is diverse. Although the public discourse in western societies is dominated by questions about optimising specialised palliative care services, public health approaches, which take into account the social determinants and inequalities in end‐of‐life care, have gained in importance over the last decade. Conceptual aspects, dimensions of impact and benefit for the dying and their communities are well discussed in the public health end‐of‐life care research literature. Our research focuses on the preconditions of a supportive caring web in order to understand how communities can build on their social capital to deal with existential uncertainty. As part of a large‐scale community research project, we carried out focus groups and interviews with community members. Through dispositive analysis, we generated a set of care‐web ‘ingredients’, which constitute and foster a caring community. These ‘ingredients’ need to be cultivated through an ongoing process of co‐creation. This requires: (i) a focus on relationships and social systems; (ii) the creation of reflective spaces; and (iii) the strengthening of social capital, and d) the addressing of inequalities in care.
Predictors for unsuccessful pessary fitting in women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse: a prospective study
Authors: Mao M , Ai F , Zhang Y , Kang J , Liang S , Xu T , Zhu L 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the success rate of vaginal pessary fitting and identify the risk factors associated with unsuccessful pessary fitting in a large cohort of patients with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP).DesignProspective observational study.SettingThe Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.PopulationWomen with symptomatic POP between May 2015 and December 2016 (n = 343).MethodsA successful pessary fitting was defined as a patient fitted with a pessary at the initial fitting and continued use 2 weeks later. The independent samples t‐test, non‐parametric test, Chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used for the data analysis.Main outcome measuresThe success rate of vaginal pessary fitting and the risk factors associated with unsuccessful pessary fitting.Results302 patients had successful pessary fitting (88.0% success rate). A higher body mass index [BMI; 24.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2 in the successful group versus 25.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2 in the unsuccessful group, odds ratio (OR) 1.174, 95% CI 1.055–1.307, P = 0.003] and a shorter TVL [8.0 (8–9) cm in the successful group versus 7.0 (6.8–8) cm in the unsuccessful group, OR 0.338, 95% CI 0.223–0.513, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of an unsuccessful pessary fitting. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that patients with a total vaginal length (TVL) less than 7.3 cm had a higher unsuccessful pessary fitting rate (sensitivity = 0.82, specificity = 0.64).ConclusionsA higher BMI and shorter TVL were independent predictors of an unsuccessful pessary fitting. Patients with a TVL <7.3 cm are not appropriate candidates for a vaginal pessary.Tweetable abstractA higher BMI and shorter TVL (<7.3 cm) were independent predictors of an unsuccessful pessary fitting.
Petrological and Os Isotopic Characteristics of Zedong Peridotites in the Eastern Yarlung–Zangbo Suture in Tibet
Authors: LAI Shengmin , YANG Jingsui , DILEK Yildirim , XIONG Fahui , JIANG Rui , CHEN Yanhong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Zedong ophiolites in the eastern Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone of Tibet represent a mantle slice of more than 45 km2. This massif consists mainly of mantle peridotites, with lesser gabbros, diabases and volcanic rocks. The mantle peridotites are mostly harzburgite, lherzolite; a few dike‐like bodies of dunite are also present. Mineral structures show that the peridotites experienced plastic deformation and partial melting. Olivine (Fo89.7–91.2), orthopyroxene (En88–92), clinopyroxene (En45–49Wo47–51Fs2–4) and spinel [Mg#=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe)]=49.1–70.7; Cr#=(100×Cr/(Cr+Al)=18.8–76.5] are the major minerals. The degree of partial melting of mantle peridotites is 10%–40%, indicating that the Zedong mantle peridotites may experience a multi–stage process. The peridotites are characterized by depleted major element compositions and low REE content (0.08–0.62 ppm). Their “spoon–shaped” primitive–mantle normalized REE patterns with (La/Sm)N being 0.50–6.00 indicate that the Zedong ultramafic rocks belong to depleted residual mantle rocks. The PGE content of Zedong peridotites (18.19–50.74 ppb) is similar with primary mantle with Pd/Ir being 0.54–0.60 and Pt/Pd being 1.09–1.66. The Zedong peridotites have variable, unradiogenic Os isotopic compositions with 187Os/188Os=0.1228 to 0.1282. A corollary to this interpretation is that the convecting upper mantle is heterogeneous in Os isotopes. All data of the Zedong peridotites suggest that they formed originally at a mid‐ocean ridge (MOR) and were later modified in supra–subduction zone (SSZ) environment.
Isotope Geochronologic and Geochemical Constraints on the Magmatic Associations of the Collisional Orogenic Zone in the West Kunlun Orogen, China
Authors: WANG Chan , LIU Hao , DENG Jianghong , LIU Xianfan , ZHAO Fufeng , WANG Chun , TIAN Xin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Jiajiwaxi pluton in the southern portion of the West Kunlun Range can be divided into two collision–related intrusive rock series, i.e., a gabbro–quartz diorite–granodiorite series that formed at 224±2.0 Ma and a monzonitic granite–syenogranite series that formed at 222±2.0 Ma. The systematic analysis of zircon U‐Pb geochronology and bulk geochemistry is used to discuss the magmatic origin (material source and thermal source), tectonic setting, genesis and geotectonic implications of these rocks. The results of this analysis indicate that the parent magma of the first series, representing a transition from I‐type to S‐type granites, formed from thermally triggered partial melting of deep crustal components in an early island–arc–type igneous complex, similar to an I‐type granite, during the continental collision orogenic stage. The parent magma of the second series, corresponding to an S‐type granite, formed from the partial melting of forearc accretionary wedge sediments in a subduction zone in the late Palaeozoic–Triassic. During continued collision, the second series magma was emplaced into the first series pluton along a central fault zone in the original island arc region, forming an immiscible puncture‐type complex. The deep tectonothermal events associated with the continent–continent collision during the orogenic cycle are constrained by the compositions and origins of the two series. The new information provided by this paper will aid in future research into the dynamic mechanisms affecting magmatic evolution in the West Kunlun orogenic belt.