bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of anger and aggression in rural adolescent Australian males
Authors: Edwards Paul , van de Mortel Thea , Stevens John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProblematic anger is often the outward manifestation and expression of deeper mental health issues in young men with strong links to depression, aggression, and suicide. Few studies have explored adolescent anger and aggression from the perspective of adolescent males and even fewer studies focus specifically on a rural context. This research aimed to understand the role of anger and aggression from the perspective of Australian rural adolescent males. Mental health nurses can build upon this knowledge to promote more adaptive ways of coping with anger therefore identifying specific interventions for the prevention of violence and promotion of mental health in this cohort. One hundred and eighty‐seven rural adolescent males participated in focus groups that were conducted during their participation in the Rock and Water Program (RWP). Participants identified a number of factors they felt contributed to the aggression they both witnessed and experienced with eight themes emerging in response to the research questions. Four themes related to personological factors, that is racism, homophobia, family influences, and media influence. A further four themes related to situational factors, that is alcohol, territorialism, school context, and peer pressure. The study identified that racist and homophobic attitudes and beliefs were evident and clearly contributed to aggressive scripts as did family and media messages that normalized aggressive behaviour by way of endorsing stereotypical images of an aggressive masculinity. Situational factors such as alcohol use, territorialism, school context, and peer pressure were directly linked by participants to aggressive incidents embedded within their notions of masculinity.
Reaching for the stars: Iranian nurses’ perceptions of career success
Authors: Zamanzadeh V. , Valizadeh L. , Praskova A. , Ghahramanian A. , Rassouli M. , Asghari E. 
Published: July 2018

AimThe aim was to explore nurses’ perceptions of career success.IntroductionCareer success is a concept which leads to improving professional behaviours. Research that focused on conceptualizing career success found it to be a complex, value‐driven construct likely to be perceived differently across work and cultural contexts. It is not yet clear what constitutes career success, and how it is perceived by nurses in Iran. More comprehensive exploration of this concept in nursing is needed, so research and policymaking can advance in informed, data‐driven manner.MethodThis is a qualitative descriptive study. The setting was teaching hospitals of Iran. Twenty‐seven nurses participated in face‐to‐face interviews, and six field notes were collected. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis.FindingsAnalyses identified five themes of career success: providing high‐quality care, being exemplary employee, embarking on career growth, having positive personal attributes and being internally satisfied.ConclusionFindings confirmed that career success in Iranian nurses was a multidimensional concept that represented five internally and externally driven dimensions set within its cultural and religious context. Policymakers and clinical educators can now plan interventions aimed at fostering career success in nursing staff.Implications for education, nursing and health policiesFuture nurses could use these finding to reflect on their developed attributes throughout their studies and clinical placements and adjust their career preparation and learning to bridge any identified gaps. Organizational values and intervention for nursing staff could also be redesigned to align with the aspects of career success.
Luminescence effects in reactive powder sintered silica glasses for radiation sensing
Authors: Shaw Ruth E. , Kalnins Christopher A. G. , Spooner Nigel Antony , Whittaker Carly , Grimm Stephan , Schuster Kay , Ottaway David , Moffatt Jillian Elizabeth , Tsiminis Georgios , Ebendorff‐Heidepriem Heike 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSilica glasses doped with rare‐earth ions are potential materials for optical fiber radiation detection and dosimetry applications. High sensitivity to radiation requires fibers with large cores that can be reliably fabricated using glass made in a novel process from the reactive powder sintering of silica. The luminescence and dosimetric properties of a range of rare earth‐doped silica materials produced using this novel technique are reported here. Radioluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) are the fundamental mechanisms enabling radiation detection in optical fibers. It was found that thermoluminescence, radioluminescence, and OSL are observed if the glass contains luminescent transitions in the detection wavelength range. Cerium‐ and thulium‐doped silica glasses were found to be promising candidates for optical fiber dosimetry. Samples showed intense luminescence signals in response to both photo‐stimulation and irradiation from alpha and beta sources. OSL results for cerium are three times larger than results for irradiated fluoride phosphate glasses previously tested for dosimetry use. Spectroscopic measurements indicate emission in the 300‐500 nm region, suitable for detection with photomultiplier tubes.
IMPACT of nurses′ solution‐focused communication on the fluid adherence of adult patients on haemodialysis
Authors: Beyebach Mark , Neipp María del Carmen , García‐Moreno Maite , González‐Sánchez Inés 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo test the hypothesis that fluid adherence in patients on haemodialysis can be improved through nurses′ solution‐focused communication with patients on issues of adherence.BackgroundAdherence to fluid‐intake restrictions is low in patients on haemodialysis, creating serious health risks. Psychosocial interventions to increase adherence have typically focused on patients and ignored patient/staff interactions.DesignThis is a single‐group, pre‐post pilot study registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03432988).MethodA 1‐month baseline of interdialytic weight gain was taken in April 2016 for a group of 36 adult patients in a hospital haemodialysis unit. Then, the nurses of the unit received a 4 hr training in solution‐focused communication on issues of fluid adherence and applied it with the patients of the sample. Interdialytic weight gains were measured during another month. One month after the training, in October 2016, interdialytic weight gains were measured for another month.ResultsAfter introducing solution‐focused communication on fluid adherence, patients′ average interdialytic weight gains decreased significantly, below the level considered indicative of problematic adherence. These results were maintained at follow‐up.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a novel approach to adherence, nurses′ solution‐focused communication with patients on haemodialysis, may improve patients′ adherence to fluid restriction. More rigorous, controlled studies are required to confirm long‐term benefits and to understand the causal mechanisms that may underlie the effectiveness of this intervention.
Ghanaian traditional and faith healers' explanatory models of intellectual disability
Authors: Kpobi Lily , Swartz Leslie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe use of traditional/alternative medicine for health care in Africa has been examined for various conditions. However, there is limited research about traditional/alternative health care for intellectual disability. The present authors explored the explanatory models (EMs) of intellectual disability held by traditional/faith healers in Ghana.MethodsUsing a case vignette, the present authors conducted semi‐structured interviews with 36 traditional/faith healers in Accra, Ghana. Using the EMs of illness framework as a guide, participants were asked questions to examine their beliefs about the nature, causes, course and recommended treatment of intellectual disability.ResultsThe healers' causal explanations included maternal negligence during pregnancy and spiritual factors. They also believed that intellectual disability was a congenital, lifelong condition which could not be cured.ConclusionsUnlike other conditions which traditional healers claimed to cure, participants admitted that intellectual disability was not curable. The present authors suggest that the findings highlight opportunities that exist for collaboration between biomedicine and traditional medicine.
Cross‐border acquisitions and host country competitiveness
Authors: Otchere Isaac , Oldford Erin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe investigate the competitive effects of cross‐border takeovers and find that following the acquisitions, the competitiveness of cross‐border targets improves. The results for industry rivals, however, are mixed. Rivals of targets of cross‐border acquisitions experience improvements in their competitive position in the long term, while at the same time, their growth and market share suffer. These acquisitions lead to a shifting of market share from rivals to cross‐border targets, which is suggestive of increased industry concentration. Cross‐border acquisitions also enhance the host country's financial market development, and lead to increases in innovation in the host country. Overall, our results cast some doubts on the often pessimistic view of foreign takeovers held by some politicians that these deals are bad for the host country.
Feed and reproductive efficiency differences between divergently selected lines for birthweight environmental variability in mice
Authors: Formoso‐Rafferty Nora , de la Flor Miguel , Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , Cervantes Isabel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSustainability has come to play an important role in agricultural production. A way to combine efficiency with sustainability might be by searching for robust animals that can be selected for the homogeneity of certain traits. Furthermore, the optimization of feed efficiency is one of the challenges to improve livestock genetics programmes, but this might compromise reproductive efficiency. Animals from two divergent mouse lines, regarding variability of birthweight, were used to check whether homogeneity was also related to both feed and reproductive efficiency. The objective of this study was to use these divergent lines of mice to compare them with their feed efficiency and the reproductive capacity. Animal weight, weight gain, feed intake, relative intake and cumulated transformation index were considered as feed efficiency traits. Animals from the low line had both lower weight and feed intake from 21 to 56 days. They had a worse transforming index in the three last weeks when litter size was fitted as an effect of the model, but the lines become similar if the higher litter size of the low line was not included. Reproductively, the low line performed better considering the number of females having parturitions, the number of parturitions, and with higher litter size and survival in both parturitions. Hence, the low variability line was preferred because of reproductive efficiency without seriously affecting its feed efficiency. Homogeneity seemed to be related to robustness with similar feed efficiency but higher reproductive efficiency.
Sensitivity of the breeding values for growth rate and worm egg count to environmental worm burden in Australian Merino sheep
Authors: Hollema Baukje L. , Bijma Piter , van der Werf Julius H. J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore the sensitivity of breeding values for growth rate and worm egg count (WEC, cube root transformed) to environmental worm burden, measured as the average WEC for each contemporary group (CGWEC). Growth rate and WEC were measured on 7,818 naturally infected Merino lambs in eight flocks across Australia, linked through common use of AI sires. Through bivariate analysis, genetic correlations of 0.55 ± 0.23 and 0.30 ± 0.16 were found for growth rate and WEC between low and high CGWEC, respectively. In a second analysis, breeding values for growth rate and WEC were regressed on CGWEC with a random regression model. The heritability for growth rate varied from 0.23 to 0.16 from low to high CGWEC, and the heritability for WEC varied from 0.25 to 0.36. Results suggest that breeding values for both growth rate and WEC are sensitive to environmental worm burden. Animals expressed less genetic variation for growth rate and more genetic variation for WEC in high CGWEC than in low CGWEC. This form of genotype‐by‐environment interaction should therefore be considered in genetic evaluation of both growth rate and WEC, to increase the efficiency of selection for animals that are more parasite resistant and more resilient to environmental worm challenge.
The roles of allopatric fragmentation and niche divergence in intraspecific lineage diversification in the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans)
Authors: Maia‐Carvalho Bruno , Vale Cândida Gomes , Sequeira Fernando , Ferrand Nuno , Martínez‐Solano Iñigo , Gonçalves Helena 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimUnderstanding the roles of allopatric fragmentation and niche divergence in intraspecific lineage diversification is central to our comprehension of how new species arise and evolve. Here we integrate an extensive multilocus dataset with species distribution models to address these topics in genetically differentiated population lineages of the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans).LocationIberian Peninsula, Western Europe.MethodsWe genotyped 965 individuals from 142 localities at 12 microsatellite loci to finely delineate the ranges of population lineages in A. obstetricans. We then built ecological niche‐based models for each lineage and tested for niche overlap, equivalency and similarity based on PCA‐env analyses. We also investigated the relationship between genetic and environmental distances across lineages.ResultsWe recovered seven differentiated genetic clusters, with mostly different (sometimes nonoverlapping) niches. However, niches are not more divergent than expected given the largely allopatric ranges of population lineages. We found no significant isolation by environment within lineages, with genetic distances mostly explained by geographical distances.Main conclusionsAllopatric fragmentation in A. obstetricans resulted in (sometimes highly) different niches in intraspecific population lineages. Within lineages, isolation by distance is the major driver of patterns of genetic variation. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating intraspecific genetic structure into species distribution models to explore spatial patterns of genetic diversity in terms of their underlying processes.
Distinct roles for IκB kinases alpha and beta in regulating pulmonary endothelial angiogenic function during late lung development
Authors: Iosef Cristiana , Liu Min , Ying Lihua , Rao Shailaja P. , Concepcion Katherine R. , Chan Westin K. , Oman Andrew , Alvira Cristina M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPulmonary angiogenesis is essential for alveolarization, the final stage of lung development that markedly increases gas exchange surface area. We recently demonstrated that activation of the nuclear factor kappa‐B (NFκB) pathway promotes pulmonary angiogenesis during alveolarization. However, the mechanisms activating NFκB in the pulmonary endothelium, and its downstream targets are not known. In this study, we sought to delineate the specific roles for the NFκB activating kinases, IKKα and IKKβ, in promoting developmental pulmonary angiogenesis. Microarray analysis of primary pulmonary endothelial cells (PECs) after silencing IKKα or IKKβ demonstrated that the 2 kinases regulate unique panels of genes, with few shared targets. Although silencing IKKα induced mild impairments in angiogenic function, silencing IKKβ induced more severe angiogenic defects and decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule expression, an IKKβ regulated target essential for both PEC adhesion and migration. Taken together, these data show that IKKα and IKKβ regulate unique genes in PEC, resulting in differential effects on angiogenesis upon inhibition, and identify IKKβ as the predominant regulator of pulmonary angiogenesis during alveolarization. These data suggest that therapeutic strategies to specifically enhance IKKβ activity in the pulmonary endothelium may hold promise to enhance lung growth in diseases marked by altered alveolarization.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduce ureteral stricture formation in a rat model via the paracrine effect of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Luo Jintai , Zhao Shankun , Wang Jiamin , Luo Lianmin , Li Ermao , Zhu Zhiguo , Liu Yangzhou , Kang Ran , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWith no effective therapy to prevent or treat ureteral stricture (US), a multifactorial fibrotic disease after iatrogenic injury of the ureter, the need for new therapies is urgent. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely studied for treating tissue defects and excessive fibrosis, and recent studies established that one of the main therapeutic vectors of MSCs is comprised in their secretome and represented by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Thus, we have determined to explore the specific role of MSCs‐derived EVs (MSC‐EVs) treatment in a pre‐clinical model of US. The results firstly showed that either a bolus dose of MSCs or a bolus dose of MSC‐EVs (administration via renal‐arterial) significantly ameliorated ureteral fibrosis and recuperated ureter morphological development in a US rat model. We confirmed our observations through MSCs or MSC‐EVs treatment alleviated hydronephrosis, less renal dysfunction and blunted transforming growth factor‐β1 induced fibration. Due to MSC‐EVs are the equivalent dose of MSCs, and similar curative effects of transplantation of MSCs and MSC‐EVs were observed, we speculated the curative effect of MSCs in treating US might on account of the release of EVs through paracrine mechanisms. Our study demonstrated an innovative strategy to counteract ureteral stricture formation in a rat model of US.
Triggering of cancer cell cycle arrest by a novel scorpion venom‐derived peptide—Gonearrestide
Authors: Li Bin , Lyu Peng , Xi Xinping , Ge Lilin , Mahadevappa Ravikiran , Shaw Chris , Kwok Hang Fai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, a novel scorpion venom‐derived peptide named Gonearrestide was identified in an in‐house constructed scorpion venom library through a combination of high‐throughput NGS transcriptome and MS/MS proteome platform. In total, 238 novel peptides were discovered from two scorpion species; and 22 peptides were selected for further study after a battery of functional prediction analysis. Following a series of bioinformatics analysis alongside with in vitro biological functional screenings, Gonearrestide was found to be a highly potent anticancer peptide which acts on a broad spectrum of human cancer cells while causing few if any observed cytotoxic effects on epithelial cells and erythrocytes. We further investigated the precise anticancer mechanism of Gonearrestide by focusing on its effects on the colorectal cancer cell line, HCT116. NGS RNA sequencing was employed to obtain full gene expression profiles in HCT116 cells, cultured in the presence and absence of Gonearrestide, to dissect signalling pathway differences. Taken together the in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo validation studies, it was proven that Gonearrestide could inhibit the growth of primary colon cancer cells and solid tumours by triggering cell cycle arrest in G1 phase through inhibition of cyclin‐dependent kinases 4 (CDK4) and up‐regulate the expression of cell cycle regulators/inhibitors—cyclin D3, p27, and p21. Furthermore, prediction of signalling pathways and potential binding sites used by Gonearrestide are also presented in this study.
Levamisole suppresses adipogenesis of aplastic anaemia‐derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through ZFP36L1‐PPARGC1B axis
Authors: Liu Lu‐Lu , Liu Lei , Liu Hai‐Hui , Ren Sai‐Sai , Dou Cui‐Yun , Cheng Pan‐Pan , Wang Cui‐Ling , Wang Li‐Na , Chen Xiao‐Li , Zhang Hao , Chen Ming‐Tai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAplastic anaemia (AA) is a life‐threatening hematopoietic disorder characterized by hypoplasia and pancytopenia with increasing fat cells in the bone marrow (BM). The BM‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from AA are more susceptible to be induced into adipogenic differentiation compared with that from control, which may be causatively associated with the fatty BM and defective hematopoiesis of AA. Here in this study, we first demonstrated that levamisole displayed a significant suppressive effect on the in vitro adipogenic differentiation of AA BM‐MSCs. Mechanistic investigation revealed that levamisole could increase the expression of ZFP36L1 which was subsequently demonstrated to function as a negative regulator of adipogenic differentiation of AA BM‐MSCs through lentivirus‐mediated ZFP36L1 knock‐down and overexpression assay. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B) whose 3′‐untranslated region bears adenine‐uridine‐rich elements was verified as a direct downstream target of ZFP36L1, and knock‐down of PPARGC1B impaired the adipogenesis of AA BM‐MSCs. Collectively, our work demonstrated that ZFP36L1‐mediated post‐transcriptional control of PPARGC1B expression underlies the suppressive effect of levamisole on the adipogenic differentiation of AA BM‐MSCs, which not only provides novel therapeutic targets for alleviating the BM fatty phenomenon of AA patients, but also lays the theoretical and experimental foundation for the clinical application of levamisole in AA therapy.
Morbidity following transcrestal and lateral sinus floor elevation: A randomized trial
Authors: Farina Roberto , Franceschetti Giovanni , Travaglini Domenico , Consolo Ugo , Minenna Luigi , Schincaglia Gian Pietro , Riccardi Orio , Bandieri Alberto , Maietti Elisa , Trombelli Leonardo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo comparatively evaluate the morbidity following maxillary sinus floor elevation according to either transcrestal (tSFE) or lateral (lSFE) approach with concomitant implant placement.Materials & MethodsPatients with ≥1 edentulous maxillary posterior site with residual bone height (RBH) of 3–6 mm were enrolled. tSFE was performed in association with a xenograft and a collagen matrix. For lSFE, the sinus was grafted with the xenograft, and the antrostomy was covered with a membrane. Implants were inserted concomitantly. The postoperative course was assessed through questionnaires. Pain level (VASpain) was recorded using a 100‐mm visual analogue scale.ResultsTwenty‐nine and 28 patients were included in tSFE and lSFE group, respectively. On the day of surgery, VASpain was significantly higher for tSFE compared to lSFE, and similar from day 1 to 14. tSFE was characterized by significantly lower incidence of swelling, bruising and nasal discharge/bleeding. Significantly less severe limitation in swallowing, continuing daily activities, eating, speaking, opening the mouth and going to school/work was found for tSFE only at specific postsurgery intervals.ConclusionslSFE was associated with lower pain on the day of surgery, and tSFE revealed lower postoperative morbidity as well as more tolerable postoperative course.