bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distraction Osteogenesis for Unicoronal Craniosynostosis: Rotational Flap Technique and Case Series
Authors: Brandel Michael G. , Dalle Ore Cecilia L. , Reid Chris M. , Zhu William , Lance Samuel , Meltzer Hal , Gosman Amanda A. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
The limitations of the soft-tissue envelope, devascularized bone grafts, and relapse of the deformity are important considerations in the surgical treatment of unicoronal craniosynostosis. The authors report their technique evolution of distraction osteogenesis for treatment of patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis.

Methods:
Open anterior cranial vault reconstruction combined with internal distraction was used, with the aid of virtual surgical planning. Technique evolution included maximizing bone flap perfusion by means of limited rotational flap osteotomies, and preservation of dural attachments. Clinical and procedural characteristics including distraction protocol, intracranial volume change, efficiency of distraction, transfusion, operative time, length of hospitalization, complications, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
Sixteen patients with nonsyndromic unicoronal craniosynostosis underwent repair between August of 2013 and December of 2016. Mean age was 9.0 months. Distractors were advanced a mean of 27.1 mm and achieved a cranial volume change of 29.5 percent, with a mean efficiency of 1.3 percent increase per millimeter of distraction. Mean operating time was 169.3 minutes. Complications were predominately related to infections at the distractor site. At most recent follow-up, all patients had a Whitaker grade I result.

Conclusions:
Distraction osteogenesis can be a safe and effective method of achieving satisfactory aesthetic outcomes and volume expansion for patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis. The technique presented is proposed to maximize bone flap viability and limit relapse of deformity. Further long-term follow-up is needed for definitive comparison with traditional anterior cranial vault reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Human Herpesvirus Alpha Subfamily (Herpes Simplex and Varicella Zoster) Viral Pneumonias
Authors: Hammer Mark M. , Gosangi Babina , Hatabu Hiroto 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate CT features of pneumonias caused by the alpha Herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV).

Materials and Methods:
By searching the electronic medical record from 2005 to 2017, we identified 12 patients with HSV and 15 with VZV pneumonia. Four patients with coinfection were excluded from imaging analysis. Two radiologists reviewed computed tomography scans (CTs) for findings including ground glass and nodules. CTs were assigned to a predominant pattern of crazy paving, nodular, or other.

Results:
The most common risk factor was hematologic malignancy, present in 58% of HSV and 47% of VZV patients. Crazy paving was seen in 50% of HSV and 31% of VZV cases; a nodular pattern was present in 20% of HSV and 69% of VZV patients (P=0.03).

Conclusions:
Most patients with alpha Herpesvirus pneumonias demonstrated either a crazy paving or nodular pattern on CT. The nodular pattern was significantly more common in VZV than in HSV. Radiologists should consider these rare infections when evaluating immunocompromised patients with these imaging patterns.
Evaluation of Validity and Reliability of a Revised Incontinence-Associated Skin Damage Severity Instrument (IASD.D.2) by 3 Groups of Nursing Staff
Authors: Bliss Donna Z. , Gurvich Olga V. , Hurlow Jennifer , Cefalu Jean E. , Gannon Alexandra , Wilhems Anna , Wiltzen Kjerstie R. , Gannon Elise , Lee Haeyeon , Borchert Kathleen , Trammel Sheila Howes 
Published: September 2018

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a revised version of the Incontinence-Associated Skin Damage Severity instrument (IASD.D.2) using 3 different groups of nursing staff. Revisions to the instrument included renumbering 1 body area where incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) occurs into 2 areas (right and left), which raised the total possible score from 52 to 56, and defining the borders of the body areas.

DESIGN:
Observational, evaluative design.

SAMPLE AND SETTING:
Five clinical experts certified in wound, ostomy, and/or continence (WOC) nursing evaluated content validity. Evaluators were attendees at the WOC Nurses (WOCN) Society 2014 conference, hospital nurses, and nursing staff at a nursing home. Evaluators were attendees at the WOCN Society's 2014 National Conference, hospital nurses at a community hospital with Magnet designation, and nursing staff at a skilled nursing home in the Midwestern United States. The evaluator group comprised 198 conference attendees (all nurses; age 53 ± 8.2 years, mean ± SD), 67 hospital nurses (age 37 ± 11 years), and 34 nursing home nursing staff (age 45 ±13.8 years). The majority of evaluators (>75%) in each of the groups were female.

METHODS:
Clinical experts evaluated the content validity of the revised instrument. Evaluators scored 5 to 9 photographic cases using the revised instrument. Four of the cases were scored by all evaluators. The agreement of case scores among all evaluators was analyzed to assess interrater reliability. The scores of evaluators grouped by evaluators' self-identified skin color or nursing experience (<10 years vs ≥10 years) were also tested for differences. To provide evidence for criterion validity, the agreement of evaluators' scores with experts' scores (considered a “gold standard” in this study) was analyzed.

RESULTS:
The agreement of the IASD.D.2 scores among all evaluators within each group ranged from 0.74 to 0.79, suggesting good interrater reliability. The agreement of each group of evaluators with the experts for all case scores ranged from 0.82 to 0.85, suggesting good criterion validity. There was no significant difference in scores by evaluators' skin color or nursing experience.

CONCLUSION:
The revised IASD.D.2 has good content and criterion validity and interrater reliability. The instrument has potential to standardize reporting of IAD severity in research and clinical practice and assist communication about IAD among nursing staff.
Ancestral Reconstruction of Protein Interaction Networks
Authors: Liebeskind Benjamin J. , Aldrich Richard W. , Marcotte Edward M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe molecular and cellular basis of novelty is a major open question in evolutionary biology. Until very recently, the vast majority of cellular phenomena were so difficult to sample that cross-species studies of biochemistry were rare and comparative analysis at the level of biochemical systems was almost impossible. Recent advances in systems biology are changing what is possible, however, and comparative phylogenetic methods that can handle this new data are wanted. Here, we introduce the term “phylogenetic latent variable models” (PLVMs, pronounced “plums”) for a class of models that has recently been used to infer the evolution of cellular states from systems-level molecular data, and develop a new parameterization and fitting strategy that is useful for comparative inference of biochemical networks. We deploy this new framework to infer the ancestral states and evolutionary dynamics of protein-interaction networks by analyzing >16,000 predominantly metazoan co-fractionation and affinity-purification mass spectrometry experiments. Based on these data, we estimate ancestral interactions across unikonts, broadly recovering protein complexes involved in translation, transcription, proteostasis, transport, and membrane trafficking. Using these results, we predict an ancient core of the Commander complex made up of CCDC22, CCDC93, C16orf62, and DSCR3, with more recent additions of COMMD-containing proteins in tetrapods. We also use simulations to develop model fitting strategies and discuss future model developments.
Effect of cooling rate after heat treatment on pitting corrosion of super duplex stainless steel UNS S 32750
Authors: Shin Byung-Hyun , Park Junghyun , Jeon Jongbae , Heo Sung-bo , Chung Wonsub 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
In this study, super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) was heat-treated. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of the cooling rate after heat treatment on the pitting corrosion of SDSS.

Design/methodology/approach
The heat treatment from 1,000°C to 1,300°C was applied to SDSS to check the effect of the cooling rate.

Findings
The heat treatment temperature produced a different SDSS microstructure, and the cooling rate led to the growth of austenite. The casted SDSS indicated the presence of heterogeneous austenite, and the precipitation secondary phase under 1.6 per cent precipitated to bare metal. By applying heat treatment and cooling SDSS, its corrosion resistance changes because of the change in the chemical composition. The cooling rate at 5,600 J/s has the highest critical pitting temperature (CPT) at 1,100°C, and the cooling rate at 1.6 J/s has the highest CPT at 1,200°C. Low cooling rate (0.4 J/s) made the secondary phase at all temperature range.

Research limitations/implications
The effect of secondary phase not consider because that is well known to decreasing corrosion resistance.

Practical implications
Solution annealing is taken into account to optimize the corrosion resistance. But that is not consider the cooling rate at each temperature. This study assessed the effect of the cooling rate at each temperature point.

Social implications
Manufacturers need to know the effect of the cooling rate to optimize the corrosion resistance, and this study can be applied in the industrial scene.

Originality/value
SDSS is hard the optimization because SDSS is a dual-phase stainless steel. Corrosion resistance can be optimized by controlling heat treatment temperature and the cooling rate. Anyone not studied the effect of the cooling rate at each temperature. The effect of the cooling rate should be considered to optimize the corrosion resistance.
Use of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and gene expression programming methods for estimation of the bearing capacity of rock foundations
Authors: Sadrossadat Ehsan , Ghorbani Behnam , Oskooei Rahimzadeh , Kaboutari Mahdi 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This study aims to examine the potential of two artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms, namely, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and gene expression programming (GEP), for indirect estimation of the ultimate bearing capacity (qult) of rock foundations, which is a considerable civil and geotechnical engineering problem.

Design/methodology/approach
The input-processing-output procedures taking place in ANFIS and GEP are represented for developing predictive models. The great importance of simultaneously considering both qualitative and quantitative parameters for indirect estimation of qult is taken into account and explained. This issue can be considered as a remarkable merit of using AI-based approaches. Furthermore, the evaluation procedure of various models from both engineering and accuracy viewpoints is also demonstrated in this study.

Findings
A new and explicit formula generated by GEP is proposed for the estimation of the qult of rock foundations, which can be used for further engineering aims. It is also presented that although the ANFIS approach can predict the output with a high degree of accuracy, the obtained model might be a black-box. The results of model performance analyses confirm that ANFIS and GEP can be used as alternative and useful approaches over previous methods for modeling and prediction problems.

Originality/value
The superiorities and weaknesses of GEP and ANFIS techniques for the numerical analysis of engineering problems are expressed and the performance of their obtained models is compared to those provided by other approaches in the literature. The findings of this research provide the researchers with a better insight to using AI techniques for resolving complicated problems.
Induction of junior faculty members of higher education institutions in Eritrea
Authors: Zemichael Zecarias 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how the graduate assistants (GAs) are inducted into the system and ethos of the institutions of higher education (IHE) in Eritrea. The paper serves in the purpose of creating more conducive and supportive work environment in IHE facilitating the socialization of junior faculty members to the culture, standards and system of the institutions.Design/methodology/approachThe research adhered a combined approach of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Data were gathered through a Likert scale questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The study was conducted in seven IHE involving 165 participants.FindingsThe GAs’ knowledge of job description, access to institutional information, sharing of resources, the quality of guidance and support provided, supervised teaching and feedback are discussed in detail. Results revealed that the GAs shoulder vital responsibilities but they receive poor induction at individual and institutional levels. GAs complain for lack of job description clarity and lack of transparent institutional communication at work. Holding first degree, GAs teach senior courses without any prior induction, pedagogic trainings and unsupervised. The GAs are recruited on the basis of the colleges’ long-term staff development plan, but little is done.Practical implicationsDespite their academic rank, the GAs represent 64 percent of the national academic staff (ADF, 2010). Creating conducive work atmosphere for the junior faculty members in the institutions is a long-term investment on institutional capacity building and quality assurance of the institutions’ performance.Social implicationsInduction of the newly recruited junior faculty members to the social, professional and the institutional ethos is a socialization process that would minimize the professional isolation and inefficiency of new recruits.
Future scenarios of the collaborative economy
Authors: Fehrer Julia A. , Benoit Sabine , Aksoy Lerzan , Baker Thomas L. , Bell Simon J. , Brodie Roderick J. , Marimuthu Malliga 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The collaborative economy (CE), and within it, collaborative consumption (CC) has become a central element of the global economy and has substantially disrupted service markets (e.g. accommodation and individual transportation). The purpose of this paper is to explore the trends and develop future scenarios for market structures in the CE. This allows service providers and public policy makers to better prepare for potential future disruption.

Design/methodology/approach
Thought experiments – theoretically grounded in population ecology (PE) – are used to extrapolate future scenarios beyond the boundaries of existing observations.

Findings
The patterns suggested by PE forecast developmental trajectories of CE leading to one of the following three future scenarios of market structures: the centrally orchestrated CE, the social bubbles CE, and the decentralized autonomous CE.

Research limitations/implications
The purpose of this research was to create CE future scenarios in 2050 to stretch one’s consideration of possible futures. What unfolds in the next decade and beyond could be similar, a variation of or entirely different than those described.

Social implications
Public policy makers need to consider how regulations – often designed for a time when existing technologies were inconceivable – can remain relevant for the developing CE. This research reveals challenges including distribution of power, insularity, and social compensation mechanisms that need consideration across states and national borders.

Originality/value
This research tests the robustness of assumptions used today for significant, plausible market changes in the future. It provides considerable value in exploring challenges for public policy given the broad societal, economic, and political implications of the present market predictions.
Enhancing the customer relationship management in public libraries
Authors: Stokić Aleksandar , Stojanović Danijela , Bogdanović Zorica , Despotović-Zrakić Marijana , Radenković Božidar 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibilities of implementing the customer relationship management (CRM) concept and smart technologies in public libraries in developing countries. The goal was to explore the level of librarians’ awareness about CRM concept and their willingness to accept the CRM concept in libraries. Also, patrons’ satisfaction with the quality of services and relationships in public libraries is explored.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors obtained data for this research through two online surveys. The first survey measures librarians’ level of awareness about CRM concept and their perception about CRM and smart technologies concept in public libraries in three developing countries: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The second survey measures patrons’ satisfaction with services and relationship in public libraries in these three countries.

Findings
The research results revealed that most surveyed librarians are familiar with the CRM concept. However, libraries in these three developing countries barely use CRM or smart technologies to improve the relationship with stakeholders. Also, most patrons are satisfied with relationships and services. The analysis of data indicates no significant difference in the satisfaction level among patrons between these three developing countries.

Research limitations/implications
Not all libraries participated in this research. Therefore, the sample is not distributed evenly across different types of libraries or user groups. Future research should include different types of libraries.

Practical implications
The results can be used by public libraries in developing countries to improve the relationship with stakeholders harnessing CRM concept and smart technologies.

Social implications
The use of CRM in combination with the smart technologies can help leverage the quality of the relationship between public libraries and stakeholders which in turn would secure their support and loyalty in the future.

Originality/value
The integration of CRM concept as a component of library business automation process is an idea that has not been discussed widely in the library community and could initiate a positive trend in public libraries in developing countries.
The Finna service: meeting the new measurement challenges in libraries
Authors: Laine Timo , Laitinen Markku Antero 
Published: September 2018

PurposeIn the transformed information environment, the impact and value of the services are not adequately shown using the traditional library metrics. It needs to be supplemented with user-centered ways of measurement. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a case study of the new Finna service and the measurement challenges it presents.FindingsThe standards guiding the measurement and evaluation of libraries cannot offer a “cook-book” for the organizations to follow. The paper suggests that as a one possible response to this, the Net Promoter Score can be used as one indicator in measuring the impact of new services.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of the paper are preliminary, because so far there is not a wide experience of the use of NPS in libraries. This calls for further study. The results are encouraging, but more testing is needed with different services.Originality/valueNPS has not been widely used in libraries before.
Dual isomorphic mechanisms and the role of a transnational agent
Authors: Ha Yoo Jung , Wei Yingqi 
Published: September 2018

PurposeCorporate environmental innovation (CEI) is a proactive type of response to increasing public scrutiny regarding firms’ environmental performance. While past studies have overwhelmingly focused on coercive mechanisms and assumed a closed national institutional field, less attention has been given to non-coercive and transnational inter-firm mimetic mechanisms. This paper aims to investigate the joint effect of coercive isomorphic mechanisms from domestic institutions and mimetic isomorphic mechanisms from foreign multinational enterprises (MNE) on CEI adoption in domestic firms.Design/methodology/approachThe study’s empirical analysis is based on data from 1,967 firms from the 2010 Korean Innovation Survey, as well as other official statistics.FindingsThis study reports the following results: the direct effects of domestic institutions on CEI adoption in domestic firms vary according to institution type; foreign MNEs have a positive effect, whether using global or local CEI strategies; and the positive effect of foreign MNEs strengthens when the stringency of domestic environmental regulation increases.Originality/valueThis paper shows that CEI diffusion is driven by both coercive institutional pressures and inter-firm mimetic mechanisms, including their joint effects. Foreign MNEs act as boundary-spanners that activate a dual isomorphic mechanism, affecting social as well as economic development in host countries. Finally, evidence of interaction between domestic coercive and transnational mimetic mechanisms supports the authors’ contention that national institutional fields are increasingly interconnected.
Conceptual modelling of the flow of frail elderly through acute-care hospitals
Authors: Bruzzi Silvia , Landa Paolo , Tànfani Elena , Testi Angela 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe ageing of the world’s population is causing an increase in the number of frail patients admitted to hospitals. In the absence of appropriate management and organisation, these patients risk an excessive length of stay and poor outcomes. To deal with this problem, the purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual model to facilitate the pathway of frail elderly patients across acute care hospitals, focussed on avoiding improper wait times and treatment during the process.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model is developed to enrich the standard flowchart of a clinical pathway in the hospital. The modified flowchart encompasses new organisational units and activities carried out by new dedicated professional roles. The proposed variant aims to provide a correct assessment of frailty at the entrance, a better management of the patient’s stay during different clinical stages and an early discharge, sending the patient home or to other facilities, avoiding a delayed discharge. The model is completed by a set of indicators aimed at measuring performance improvements and creating a strong database of evidence on the managing of frail elderly’s pathways, providing proper information that can validate the model when applied in current practice.FindingsThe paper proposes a design of the clinical path of frail patients in acute care hospitals, combining elements that, according to an evidence-based management approach, have proved to be effective in terms of outcomes, costs and organisational issues. The authors can, therefore, expect an improvement in the treatment of frail patients in hospital, avoiding their functional decline and worsening frailty conditions, as often happens in current practice following the standard path of other patients.Research limitations/implicationsThe framework proposed is a conceptual model to manage frail elderly patients in acute care wards. The research approach lacks application to real data and proof of effectiveness. Further work will be devoted to implementing a simulation model for a specific case study and verifying the impact of the conceptual model in real care settings.Practical implicationsThe paper includes suggestions for re-engineering the management of frail elderly patients in hospitals, when a reduction of lengths of stay and the improvement of clinical outcomes is required.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to study and provide solutions for the management of frail elderly patients in acute care hospitals, and generally to produce value in a patient-centred model.