bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agent defocusing in two-participant clauses in Finnish Sign Language
Authors: Nordlund Sanna 
Published: July 2019

This article investigates what strategies are used for defocusing the agent in two-participant clauses in FinSL. The question is approached by analyzing a set of data that consists of videotaped informational texts. Several strategies for agent defocusing were found. First, the agent can simply be omitted. Second, the agent can be expressed with a pronominal pointing sign used non-referentially. Pronominal pointing signs that can be used non-referentially include at least the non-first person plural pronominal pointing sign and the first person singular pointing sign, possibly also the first person plural pointing sign. This study also suggests that constructed action is an additional, optional strategy through which the signer can tell the event either from the patient’s or the agent’s perspective. No special passive marking was found, and the form of clauses defocusing the agent does not seem to differ from that of corresponding clauses including a referential agent. The non-referential reading comes from the fact that there is no antecedent to which a zero, an indicating verb or a non-first person pronominal pointing sign could refer, and with first person pronominal pointing signs the interpretation is made based on the context.
El lenguaje jurídico con perspectiva de género. Algunas reflexiones para la reforma constitucional
Authors: Marrades Ana , Sevilla Julia , Calero María Luisa , Salazar Benítez Octavio 
Published: July 2019

El lenguaje evidencia la cultura y describe la realidad, pero además el lenguaje sirve para conservar los valores existentes, para preservar, mantener y perpetuar los valores masculinos, los que imperan en la sociedad, que son patriarcales porque la sociedad lo es. Así el lenguaje ha servido para coadyuvar a la construcción de esa cultura patriarcal. Si el lenguaje tiene poder para crear, tiene poder para transformar, por tanto el lenguaje puede servir para construir otro tipo de relaciones y de cultura basadas en la igualdad y por tanto otra sociedad más justa. La construcción de una sociedad más justa depende en parte de la utilización de otro tipo de lenguaje, el lenguaje con perspectiva de género y la superación del lenguaje sexista y androcéntrico en la Constitución española. Una nueva redacción constitucional es posible teniendo en cuenta los criterios de esta nueva perspectiva.
Los conceptos jurídicos indeterminados en el lenguaje constitucional
Authors: Martínez Estay José Ignacio 
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo se analiza el rol que ocupan los conceptos indeterminados o abiertos en el Derecho Constitucional. Para tal efecto se revisan las constituciones de Estados Unidos, Alemania, España y Chile, y se hace una somera revisión de lo que la literatura jurídica ha dicho sobre la incorporación de esta clase de cláusulas en esos sistemas constitucionales. Asimismo, se plantean y analizan las consecuencias y riesgos que implican el uso de estos conceptos, y se revisa el problema adicional que surge a partir de la transformación de conceptos ciertos y determinados, en conceptos controvertidos.
El constitucionalismo viviente: método interpretativo, presupuestos semánticos y dificultades
Authors: Laise Luciano D. 
Published: July 2019

Las metodologías evolutivas o «vivientes» se utilizan con frecuencia en las prácticas interpretativas de los tribunales constitucionales e internacionales. Sin embargo, tanto las defensas como las críticas de tales metodologías rara vez caracterizan o sistematizan sus directivas interpretativas. El objetivo de este trabajo apunta, en primer lugar, a revertir tales insuficiencias mediante una reconstrucción de los pasos metodológicos que plantean los defensores del constitucionalismo viviente. Luego, se procederá a identificar los presupuestos semánticos de las metodologías evolutivas. Los resultados de esta investigación pretenden argumentar que tales presupuestos se caracterizan por una teoría del significado radical o eminentemente convencional; esto es, la extensión de los derechos fundamentales se apoyaría más en consensos sociales que en los bienes constitucionales que tales derechos protegen. Esta dificultad presenta especial relevancia porque conllevaría la imposibilidad de distinguir entre la arbitrariedad y la discrecionalidad judicial.
Derivation and Validation of a Risk Assessment Model for Immunomodulatory Drug–Associated Thrombosis Among Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Li Ang , Wu Qian , Luo Suhong , Warnick Greg S. , Zakai Neil A. , Libby Edward N. , Gage Brian F. , Garcia David A. , Lyman Gary H. , Sanfilippo Kristen M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground: Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant complication for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) receiving immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), no validated clinical model predicts VTE in this population. This study aimed to derive and validate a new risk assessment model (RAM) for IMiD-associated VTE. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed MM receiving IMiDs were selected from the SEER-Medicare database (n=2,397) to derive a RAM and then data from the Veterans Health Administration database (n=1,251) were used to externally validate the model. A multivariable cause-specific Cox regression model was used for model development. Results: The final RAM, named the “SAVED” score, included 5 clinical variables: prior surgery, Asian race, VTE history, age ≥80 years, and dexamethasone dose. The model stratified approximately 30% of patients in both the derivation and the validation cohorts as high-risk. Hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.85 (P<.01) and 1.98 (P<.01) for high- versus low-risk groups in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. In contrast, the method of stratification recommended in the current NCCN Guidelines for Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolic Disease had HRs of 1.21 (P=.17) and 1.41 (P=.07) for the corresponding risk groups in the 2 datasets. Conclusions: The SAVED score outperformed the current NCCN Guidelines in risk-stratification of patients with MM receiving IMiD therapy. This clinical model can help inform providers and patients of VTE risk before IMiD initiation and provides a simplified clinical backbone for further prognostic biomarker development in this population.
Do Outcomes in Elective Colon and Rectal Cancer Surgery Differ by Weekday? An Observational Study Using Data From the Dutch ColoRectal Audit
Authors: Huijts Daniëlle D. , Guicherit Onno R. , Dekker Jan Willem T. , van Groningen Julia T. , van Bodegom-Vos Leti , Bastiaannet Esther , Govaert Johannes A. , Wouters Michel W. , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground: Previous studies showing higher mortality after elective surgery performed on a Friday were based on administrative data, known for insufficient case-mix adjustment. The goal of this study was to investigate the risk of adverse events for patients with colon and rectal cancer by day of elective surgery using clinical data from the Dutch ColoRectal Audit. Patients and Methods: Prospectively collected data from the 2012–2015 Dutch ColoRectal Audit (n=36,616) were used to examine differences in mortality, severe complications, and failure to rescue by day of elective surgery (Monday through Friday). Monday was used as a reference, analyses were stratified for colon and rectal cancer, and case-mix adjustments were made for previously identified variables. Results: For both colon and rectal cancer, crude mortality, severe complications, and failure-to-rescue rates varied by day of elective surgery. After case-mix adjustment, lower severe complication risk was found for rectal cancer surgery performed on a Friday (odds ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.97) versus Monday. No significant differences were found for colon cancer surgery performed on different weekdays. Conclusions: No weekday effect was found for elective colon and rectal cancer surgery in the Netherlands. Lower severe complication risk for elective rectal cancer surgery performed on a Friday may be caused by patient selection.
Capturing variation in floral shape; a virtual3D based morphospace for Pelargonium
Authors: van de Kerke Sara J. , van Engelenhoven Tiemen , van Es Anne , Schat Laura , van Son Lisa , Vink Sverre , Hemerik Lia , van Velzen Robin , Schranz M. Eric , Bakker Freek T. 
Published: July 2019

Background. Variation in floral shapes has long fascinated biologists and its modelling enables testing of evolutionary hypotheses. Recent comparative studies that explore floral shape have largely ignored 3D floral shape. We propose quantifying floral shape by using geometric morphometrics on a 3D model based on 2D photographical data and demonstrate its performance in capturing shape variation.
Methods. This approach offers unique benefits to complement established imaging techniques i) by enabling adequate coverage of the potential morphospace of large and diverse flowering-plant clades; (ii) by circumventing asynchronicity in anthesis of different floral parts; and (iii) by incorporating variation in copy number of floral organs within structures. We demonstrate our approach by analysing 90 florally-diverse species of the Southern African genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae). We quantify Pelargonium floral shapes using 117 landmarks and show similarities in reconstructed morphospaces for spur, corolla (2D datasets), and a combined 3D dataset.
Results. Our results indicate that Pelargonium species differ in floral shape, which can also vary extensively within a species. PCA results of the reconstructed 3D floral models are highly congruent with the separate 2D morphospaces, indicating it is an accurate, virtual, representation of floral shape. Through our approach, we find that adding the third dimension to the data is crucial to accurately interpret the manner of, as well as levels of, shape variation in flowers.
Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Ingrown Nails in Children
Authors: Arica Ibrahim Etem , Bostanci Seher , Koçyigit Pelin , Arica Deniz Aksu 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Ingrown nail is a condition frequently seen in children and adolescents, the pain from which can affect their daily living activities and school performances. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of ingrown nails in children.

Methods:
The clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients aged 0 to 18 years presenting with ingrown nail were evaluated retrospectively from clinic records.

Results:
Sixty-two patients aged 3 to 18 years (mean age, 15 years; male to female ratio, 1.06) were enrolled. A total of 175 ingrown nails were evaluated (all of them were in the halluces, 54.3% of them were on the lateral margin). A positive family history of ingrown nail was present in 15.7%. High prevalences of incorrect nail cutting (72.1%), trauma (36.1%), poorly fitting shoes (29%), hyperhidrosis (12.9%), obesity (9.7%), and accompanying nail disorders (9.7%) were determined among the patients.

Conclusions:
This study revealed the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of ingrown nails in children. These data will be useful in preventing the occurrence of ingrown nail by revealing and then eliminating predisposing factors.
Autoimmune encephalomyelitis in NOD mice is not initially a progressive multiple sclerosis model
Authors: Baker David , Nutma Erik , O'Shea Helen , Cooke Anne , Orian Jacqueline M. , Amor Sandra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveDespite progress in treating relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), effective inhibition of nonrelapsing progressive MS is an urgent, unmet, clinical need. Animal models of MS, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), provide valuable tools to examine the mechanisms contributing to disease and may be important for developing rational therapeutic approaches for treatment of progressive MS. It has been suggested that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide residues 35‐55 (MOG35‐55)‐induced EAE in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice resembles secondary progressive MS. The objective was to determine whether the published data merits such claims.MethodsInduction and monitoring of EAE in NOD mice and literature review.ResultsIt is evident that the NOD mouse model lacks validity as a progressive MS model as the individual course seems to be an asynchronous, relapsing‐remitting neurodegenerative disease, characterized by increasingly poor recovery from relapse. The seemingly progressive course seen in group means of clinical score is an artifact of data handling and interpretation.InterpretationAlthough MOG35‐55‐induced EAE in NOD mice may provide some clues about approaches to block neurodegeneration associated with the inflammatory penumbra as lesions form, it should not be used to justify trials in people with nonactive, progressive MS. This adds further support to the view that drug studies in animals should universally adopt transparent raw data deposition as part of the publication process, such that claims can adequately be interrogated. This transparency is important if animal‐based science is to remain a credible part of translational research in MS.
Novel Tunnel‐Contact‐Controlled IGZO Thin‐Film Transistors with High Tolerance to Geometrical Variability
Authors: Sporea Radu A. , Niang Kham M. , Flewitt Andrew J. , Silva S. Ravi P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThin insulating layers are used to modulate a depletion region at the source of a thin‐film transistor. Bottom contact, staggered‐electrode indium gallium zinc oxide transistors with a 3 nm Al2O3 layer between the semiconductor and Ni source/drain contacts, show behaviors typical of source‐gated transistors (SGTs): low saturation voltage (VD_SAT ≈ 3 V), change in VD_SAT with a gate voltage of only 0.12 V V−1, and flat saturated output characteristics (small dependence of drain current on drain voltage). The transistors show high tolerance to geometry: the saturated current changes only 0.15× for 2–50 µm channels and 2× for 9‐45 µm source‐gate overlaps. A higher than expected (5×) increase in drain current for a 30 K change in temperature, similar to Schottky‐contact SGTs, underlines a more complex device operation than previously theorized. Optimization for increasing intrinsic gain and reducing temperature effects is discussed. These devices complete the portfolio of contact‐controlled transistors, comprising devices with Schottky contacts, bulk barrier, or heterojunctions, and now, tunneling insulating layers. The findings should also apply to nanowire transistors, leading to new low‐power, robust design approaches as large‐scale fabrication techniques with sub‐nanometer control mature.
Catalytic Mechanism Study on the 1,2‐ and 1,4‐Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketimines and β‐Enamino Esters Catalyzed by Axially Chiral Biscarboline‐Based Alcohols
Authors: Dong Mengxian , Wang Jie , Wu Shijie , Zhao Yang , Ma Yangyang , Xing Yongfei , Cao Fei , Li Longfei , Li Zhenqiu , Zhu Huajie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAxial N‐O alcohols, which have two large carboline moieties connected to the axis were synthesized and used in catalytic enantioselective 1,2‐ and 1,4‐transfer hydrogenations of total 26 ketimines and β‐enamino esters. Excellent levels of enantioselectivity ranging from 91% to 99% were achieved by using catalyst (aS)‐(S)‐3,3′‐bis((S)‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine‐1‐carbonyl)‐9,9′‐dimethyl‐9H,9′H‐[1,1′‐bipyrido[3,4‐b]indole] 2‐oxide. Interestingly, a mixture of (aS)‐(S)‐3,3′‐bis((S)‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine‐1‐carbonyl)‐9,9′‐dimethyl‐9H,9′H‐[1,1′‐bipyrido[3,4‐b]indole] 2‐oxide and (aR)‐(S)‐3,3′‐bis((S)‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine‐1‐carbonyl)‐9,9′‐dimethyl‐9H,9′H‐[1,1′‐bipyrido[3,4‐b]indole] 2‐oxide was also able to provide high enantioselectivities up to 95% that is the same as that using pure (aS)‐(S)‐3,3′‐bis((S)‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine‐1‐carbonyl)‐9,9′‐dimethyl‐9H,9′H‐[1,1′‐bipyrido[3,4‐b]indole] 2‐oxide. A plausible catalytic mechanism was suggested and total four kinds of transition states (TS) including almost 60 TS structures were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with different basis sets such as 6‐311G(2d,p). The predicted activation energy data are consistent with the experimental results.magnified image
Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed and Dimethyl Sulfoxide‐Involved Cross‐Coupling of Ketones and Amides for Direct Synthesis of β‐Amino Ketones
Authors: Xu Xuefeng , Zhou Zhi , Wang Zhipin , Ma Xinna , Chen Xin , Zhang Xu , Yu Xiyong , Yi Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA straightforward synthesis of β‐amino ketones has been realized by employing ketones and amides as the substrates via cobalt(III)‐catalyzed and dimethyl sulfoxide‐involved cross‐coupling reaction. Experimental investigations revealed that the β‐methylsulfide ketone species might be involved as the active intermediate. Diverse ketones (e. g. acetophenone and its derivatives, heteroaryl methyl ketones and dibenzoylmethane) and amides (e. g. aromatic, aliphaticand cyclicamides) with various substitution patterns were found to be applicable to this transformation, demonstrating a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance.magnified image
Fundamentals and Applications of Chalcogenide Phase‐Change Material Photonics
Authors: Cao Tun , Cen Mengjia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecently, chalcogenide phase‐change materials (PCMs) photonics have become an emerging research field because the optical properties of the PCMs undergo a dramatic change during the amorphous–crystalline phase transition. The chalcogenide PCMs can be efficiently switched by electrical or short optical pulses, offering versatility in photonic applications and extraordinary capability to engineer light. The authors introduce the fundamentals of chalcogenide PCM‐tuned photonics. The progress in the field is reviewed. Particularly, recent developments of metal–chalcogenide–metal (MCM) trilayered plasmonic nanostructures are presented. The authors then discuss the methodology of designing reconfigurable MCM‐based photonic devices, their advantages, and their existing challenges. Finally, requirements and prospects to successfully implement chalcogenide PCMs in growing areas of photonics are discussed.
Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives from Acetophenone and Ammonium Acetate by Releasing CH4
Authors: Zhang Xueguo , Wang Peigen , Yuan Xinglong , Qin Mingda , Chen Baohua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn efficient copper‐catalyzed cyclization of acetophenone and ammonium acetate with release of methane has been developed for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyridines. A series of 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐pyridines has been produced in good yields. This synthetic method is sustainable, simple, and environment‐friendly.
Activatable Small‐Molecule Photoacoustic Probes that Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier for Visualization of Copper(II) in Mice with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wang Shichao , Sheng Zonghai , Yang Zhenguo , Hu Dehong , Long Xiaojing , Feng Gang , Liu Yubin , Yuan Zhen , Zhang Jingjing , Zheng Hairong , Zhang Xuanjun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCopper enrichment in the brain is highly related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, but in vivo tracing of Cu2+ in the brain by imaging techniques is still a great challenge. In this work, we developed a series of activatable photoacoustic (PA) probes with low molecular weights (less than 438 Da), RPS1–RPS4, which can specifically chelate with Cu2+ to form radicals with turn‐on PA signals in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. Introducing the electron‐donating group N,N‐dimethylaniline into the probe was found to significantly enhance the radical stability and PA intensity. The best probe in the series, RPS1, showed a fast response (within seconds) to Cu2+ with high selectivity and a low PA detection limit of 90.9 nm. Owing to the low molecular weight and amphiphilic structure, RPS1 could effectively cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and thus allowed us, for the first time, to visualize Cu2+ in vivo via PA imaging in the brains of AD mice.
New Designs for Phototherapeutic Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Imberti Cinzia , Zhang Pingyu , Huang Huaiyi , Sadler Peter J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this Minireview, we highlight recent advances in the design of transition metal complexes for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), and discuss the challenges and opportunities for the translation of such agents into clinical use. New designs for light‐activated transition metal complexes offer photoactivatable prodrugs with novel targeted mechanisms of action. Light irradiation can provide spatial and temporal control of drug activation, increasing selectivity and reducing side‐effects. The photophysical and photochemical properties of transition metal complexes can be controlled by the appropriate choice of the metal, its oxidation state, the number and types of ligands, and the coordination geometry.
Molekulare Halbleiter‐Tenside mit Fullerenol‐Kopfgruppe und Farbstoffketten für die photokatalytische Umwandlung von Kohlenstoffdioxid
Authors: Kunkel Marius , Sutter Sebastian , Polarz Sebastian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDas natürliche Blatt ist ein Paradebeispiel für ein System, das kontinuierlich Wertschöpfung betreibt, indem es z. B. CO2 in Zucker umwandelt. Wichtigster Bestandteil sind die gekoppelten Photosysteme II und I, die in der Zellmembran eingebettet sind. Können ihre Schlüsselfunktionen auf ein Tensid übertragen werden? Wir stellen moderne Tenside vor, die sich zu zweischichtigen Vesikeln anordnen (ähnlich der Zellmembran), fähig sind, Photonen verschiedener Wellenlängen zu absorbieren und angeregte Ladungsträger auszutauschen (ähnlich zu Photosystem II und I), sowie CO2 umzuwandeln (analog zum Blatt). Die Tenside bestehen aus fünf Farbstoffeinheiten als hydrophobe Gruppe, allesamt auf einer Seite des polyhydroxylierten Fullerenols, das als Kopfgruppe dient (Janus‐artig). Wir berichten über tensidische, optische, elektronische und katalytische Eigenschaften, sowie davon, wie von den Farbstoffen absorbierte Photonen zur Fullerenol‐Kopfgruppe transportiert werden, wo sie z. B. mit CO2 reagieren und dieses zu Ameisensäure reduzieren können.
Fluorographdiyne: A Metal‐Free Catalyst for Applications in Water Reduction and Oxidation
Authors: Xing Chengyu , Xue Yurui , Huang Bolong , Yu Huidi , Hui Lan , Fang Yan , Liu Yuxin , Zhao Yingjie , Li Zhibo , Li Yuliang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA highly efficient bifunctional metal‐free catalyst was prepared by growth of three‐dimensional porous fluorographdiyne networks on carbon cloth (p‐FGDY/CC). Our experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show the 3D p‐FGDY/CC network is highly active and it is a high potential metal‐free catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as well as overall water splitting (OWS) under both acidic and alkaline conditions. The experimental and theoretical results show very good consistency; for example, in the HER process, p‐FGDY/CC exhibits small overpotentials of 82 and 92 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2under alkaline and acidic conditions, respectively. This ensures an even higher selectivity for the adsorption/desorption of various O/H intermediate species. The essential key promotion accomplishes a bifunctional H2O redox performance application under pH‐universal electrochemical conditions.