bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Practical Approach To Estimating The Cost Of Equity For South African Firms Undertaking Cross-Border Investments
Authors: Moyo Vusani 
Published: April 2018

Corporate finance literature has developed a number of models for use in estimating the cost equity in for cross-border investments. Most of the models, if not all, are specifically developed for use by US firms investing in emerging markets. The widely used models are the home country CAPM, the local CAPM, the country-risk adjusted CAPM or the Lessard model, the Godfrey-Espinosa model, the Goldman Sachs model, the Gamma model and the SalomonSmithBarney model. Using a hypothetical case study of FirstRand Limited’s proposed investments in Ireland and Turkey, this study tests for the suitability of the reverse-engineered versions of these models in estimating the cost of equity for a South African firm planning to invest in both Ireland (developed country) and Turkey (emerging country). The results of the study indicate that the Godfrey-Espinosa the Goldman-Sachs models are equivalent. The Lassard model is equivalent to the Gamma or Damodaran mode, and both models yielded estimates closer to the SalomonSmithBarney model. All the models’ estimates for the Turkish investment are consistent with the credit ratings of both Turkey and South Africa. The cost equity estimates show that FirstRand Limited investors will demand an additional risk premium for investments in Turkey. The cost of equity estimates for the Irish investment are mixed, inconsistent with the Ireland’s credit rating and had a higher standard deviation than the estimates for the Turkish investment. The Irish estimates seem to be largely affected by the country’s high country and banking industry betas. The reverse-engineered versions of these models are suitable for use by firms in emerging countries.
Errata a “Tradução e Validação da Escala FOUR para a Pediatria e o seu Uso Como Indicador Prognóstico: Um Estudo Piloto”
Authors: Ferreira Sofia Simões , Meireles Daniel , Pinto Alexandra , Abecasis Francisco 
Published: April 2018

O artigo “Tradução e Validação da Escala FOUR para a Pediatria e o seu Uso Como Indicador Prognóstico: Um Estudo Piloto”, publicado na edição da Acta Médica Portuguesa de Setembro de 2017 [Acta Med Port 2017 Sep;30(9):599-607] incluía o erro que passamos a descrever:Na página 600, parágrafo 4, onde se lê:“Porém, a GCS avalia apenas os dois últimos, podendo não detetar devidamente a profundidade do coma.4”Deverá ler-se:“A GCS não inclui indicadores importantes para uma avaliação adequada da gravidade do coma, isto é, avalia apenas a função cortical, não incluindo parâmetros da avaliação da função do tronco cerebral, tais como o padrão respiratório, o tamanho e os reflexos pupilares e os movimentos oculares, podendo não detetar devidamente a profundidade do coma.4” Artigo publicado com erro: https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/8052
Multiple Victims of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in the Aftermath of a Wildfire: A Case Series
Authors: Santos Luís Ramos dos , Alves-Correia Magna , Câmara Margarida , Lélis Manuela , Caldeira Carmo , Brazão Maria da Luz , Nóbrega José Júlio 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Carbon monoxide poisoning may occur in several contexts.Material and Methods: Retrospective of 37 carbon monoxide poisoning cases that underwent hyperbaric oxygen during wildfires in Funchal in August 2016.Results: The studied sample included 37 patients, mean age of 38 years, 78% males. Ten were firefighters, four children and two pregnant victims. Neurological symptoms were the most reported. Median carboxyhemoglobin level was 3.7% (IQR 2.7). All received high-flow oxygen from admission to delivery of hyperbaric oxygen. Persistence of symptoms was the main indication for hyperbaric oxygen. Median time to hyperbaric oxygen was 4.8 hours (IQR 9.5), at 2.5 ATA for 90 minutes, without major complications. Discharge in less than 24 hours occurred in 92% of the cases. Thirty days follow-up: five patients presented clinical symptoms of late neurological syndrome; twelve patients were lost to follow-up. Carboxyhemoglobin levels on admission and mean time to hyperbaric oxygen were no different between those who did and did not develop the syndrome at 30 days (p = 0.44 and p = 0.58, respectively).Discussion: Late neurological syndrome at 30 days occurred in 20% and no new cases were reported at 12 months.Conclusion: Use of hyperbaric oxygen appears to have reduced the incidence of the syndrome. This seems to be the first Portuguese series reporting use of hyperbaric oxygen in carbon monoxide poisoning due to wildfires. The authors intend to alert to the importance of referral of these patients because the indications and benefits of this treatment are well documented. This is especially important given the ever-growing issue of wildfires in Portugal.
La hernia del deportista: ¿hay alguna certeza en el enigma del dolor inguinal en los atletas?
Authors: Marsh Simon K. 
Published: April 2018

El dolor inguinal en el atleta es de origen multifactorial, con patologías superpuestas y un rango de diagnósticos y de potenciales tratamientos que anuncian el comienzo de casi todos los trabajos o conferencias sobre el tema. ¡De hecho, la condición parece volverse más compleja cada año que pasa! Pero, tal vez en nuestro deseo de comprender el dolor inguinal en su totalidad, ¡hemos perdido el sitio del síndrome clínico original y específico que ha generado tanta discusión y confusión!
Hernia inguinal con útero y anexos como contenido del saco herniario: Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Carvajal López Alejandro , Naranjo Aristizabal Fred Alexander , Flórez Arango Natalia , Carvajal López Ana María , Valencia Gómez Yeliana Mailyn 
Published: April 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN: La cirugía de hernia inguinal es una de las más comunes practicada por los cirujanos generales y menos del 1% de los casos contiene el útero o sus anexos en el saco herniario.OBJETIVO: Describir el caso de una paciente con una hernia útero-inguinal, sus características clínicas y manejo quirúrgico. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Previo consentimiento informado se tomaron los datos de la historia clínica de una paciente llevada a corrección quirúrgica electiva de hernia inguinal con evidencia de útero y anexos en el saco herniario. Se analizaron los datos clínicos, se realizó descripción de los hallazgos intraoperatorios y el manejo definitivo.RESULTADOS: Una paciente de 56 años de edad se llevó a cirugía de hernia inguinal cuyo saco herniario contenía el útero con un mioma y los anexos. Se realizó una reparación sin tensión con malla de polipropileno sin complicaciones y con adecuada evolución postoperatoria.CONCLUSIONES: La hernia inguinal con útero y/o anexos en el saco herniario es una entidad rara, más frecuente en pacientes jóvenes, con manifestaciones clínicas variables e inespecíficas. Existe poca literatura y la mayoría se limita a reportes de casos aislados, con respuesta adecuada al manejo quirúrgico
The Effect of an ACL Reconstruction in Controlling Rotational Knee Stability in Knees with Intact and Physiologic Laxity of Secondary Restraints as Defined by Tibiofemoral Compartment Translations and Graft Forces
Authors: Noyes Frank R. , Huser Lauren E. , Levy Martin S. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The effect of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction on restoring normal knee kinematics in unstable knees with physiologic laxity of secondary ligamentous restraints remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the stabilizing function of an ACL reconstruction and the resulting ACL graft forces in knees with severely abnormal anterior subluxation due to associated laxity of secondary restraints.

Methods:
A 6-degree-of-freedom robotic simulator was used to test 21 cadaveric knees studied as a whole and in subgroups of lax secondary restraints (Lax-SR) and intact secondary restraints (Intact-SR), based on abnormal translations and tibial rotations. Native, ACL-sectioned, and ACL-reconstructed conditions were tested. An instrumented bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) graft measured ACL graft forces. The loading profile involved the Lachman test (25° of flexion and 100-N anterior load), anterior tibial loading (100-N anterior load across 10° to 90° of flexion), internal rotation (25° of flexion and 5-Nm torque), and 2 pivot-shift simulations (100-N anterior load, 7-Nm valgus, and either 5 Nm of internal rotation [Pivot Shift 1] or 1 Nm of internal rotation [Pivot Shift 2]). Equivalence between conditions was defined as being within 2 mm for compartment translation and within 2° for internal tibial rotation, with p < 0.05.

Results:
ACL sectioning increased center translation in the Lachman test by a mean of 10.9 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.3 to 12.5 mm; p = 0.99), which was equivalent to native values after ACL reconstruction in all knees (mean difference, 0.0 mm [95% CI, −0.4 to 0.4 mm]; p = 0.0013), and in subgroups of Lax-SR (mean difference, 0.2 mm [95% CI, −0.5 to 0.8 mm]; p = 0.03) and Intact-SR (mean difference, −0.2 mm [95% CI, –0.8 to 0.4 mm]; p = 0.002). ACL sectioning in the pivot-shift (5-Nm) test increased lateral compartment translation to non-native-equivalent levels, which were restored to native-equivalent values after ACL reconstruction in all knees (mean difference, 0.9 mm [95% CI, 0.4 to 1.4 mm]; p = 0.055), in the Intact-SR subgroup (mean difference, 1.1 mm [95% CI, 0.5 to 1.8 mm]; p = 0.03), and to nearly native-equivalence in the Lax-SR subgroup (mean difference, 0.6 mm [95% CI, −0.3 to 1.6 mm; p = 0.06). The highest ACL graft force reached a mean of 190.9 N in the pivot-shift (5-Nm) test.

Conclusions:
The ACL reconstruction restored native kinematics and native rotational stability in all knees, including knees having laxity of secondary ligamentous restraints and clinically equivalent Grade-3 pivot-shift subluxation, and did so at ACL graft forces that were not excessive.

Clinical Relevance:
An ACL reconstruction with a BPTB graft restored normal stability parameters regardless of the integrity of secondary ligamentous restraints.
The Socioeconomic Implications of Isolated Tibial and Femoral Fractures from Road Traffic Injuries in Uganda
Authors: O’Hara Nathan N. , Mugarura Rodney , Potter Jeffrey , Stephens Trina , Rehavi M. Marit , Francois Patrick , Blachut Piotr A. , O’Brien Peter J. , Mezei Alex , Beyeza Tito , Slobogean Gerard P. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The purpose of this study was to determine the socioeconomic implications of isolated tibial and femoral fractures caused by road traffic injuries in Uganda.

Methods:
This prospective longitudinal study included adult patients who were admitted to Uganda’s national referral hospital with an isolated tibial or femoral fracture. The primary outcome was the time to recovery following injury. We assessed recovery using 4 domains: income, employment status, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) recovery, and school attendance of the patients’ dependents.

Results:
The majority of the study participants (83%) were employed, and they were the main income earner for their household (74.0%) at the time of injury, earning a mean annual income of 2,375 U.S. dollars (USD). All of the patients had been admitted with the intention of surgical treatment; however, because of resource constraints, only 56% received operative treatment. By 2 years postinjury, only 63% of the participants had returned to work, and 34% had returned to their previous income level. Overall, the mean monthly income was 62% less than preinjury earnings, and participants had accumulated 1,069 USD in debt since the injury; 41% of the participants had regained HRQoL scores near their baseline, and 62% of school-aged dependents, enrolled at the time of injury, were in school at 2 years postinjury.

Conclusions:
At 2 years postinjury, only 12% of our cohort of Ugandan patients who had sustained an isolated tibial or femoral fracture from a road traffic injury had recovered both economically and physically.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Assessing the Risk-Benefit Ratio of Scoliosis Surgery in Cerebral Palsy: Surgery Is Worth It
Authors: Miyanji Firoz , Nasto Luigi A. , Sponseller Paul D. , Shah Suken A. , Samdani Amer F. , Lonner Baron , Yaszay Burt , Clements David H. , Narayanan Unni , Newton Peter O. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The true benefits of scoliosis surgery in cerebral palsy (CP) remain uncertain. Our aims were to determine the benefits of spinal fusion according to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) improvement at long-term follow-up and to explore the effect of surgery-related complications on clinical outcomes.

Methods:
The cases of consecutive patients who had Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level-IV or V cerebral palsy with 5-year follow-up from a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter database were analyzed. Caregivers completed the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) questionnaire and 4 Likert-type anchor questions preoperatively and at 1, 2, and 5 years of follow-up. Data on complications were collected prospectively. Preoperative CPCHILD scores were compared with postoperative scores at the 1, 2, and 5-year follow-up evaluations. Preoperative CPCHILD scores were compared with postoperative scores at the 1, 2, and 5-year follow-up evaluations using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Spearman correlation coefficient was used to explore the association between changes in the CPCHILD at 1, 2, and 5-year follow-up and the reported complications within the follow-up period. Similarly, a comparative analysis between the percentage distribution of the answers to the 4 anchor questions and the reported complications was also performed.

Results:
Sixty-nine patients with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 13.4 ± 2.6 years at enrollment were analyzed. The major Cobb angle was a mean of 81.9° ± 26.7° preoperatively and improved to a mean of 28.7° ± 14.4° at 2 years and 30.7° ± 15.3° at 5 years postoperatively. Significant improvements in CPCHILD personal care, positioning, and comfort domains were noted at all time points. The mean increase in the total score was 7.19 (p < 0.001) at 1 year, and the score gain was maintained at 2 and 5 years postoperatively. The overall complication rate was 46.4% at 1 year, 1.4% between 1 and 2 years, and 4.3% at 2 to 5 years postoperatively, with surgical intervention required in 6 patients within 1 year and in 2 additional patients within 5 years following scoliosis surgery. There was no correlation between complications and CPCHILD scores postoperatively at all time points, with the only exception of a weak correlation (ρ = –0.450, p = 0.002) with CPCHILD comfort score at 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions:
Scoliosis surgery in patients with CP leads to a significant improvement in HRQoL, which is maintained 5 years following surgery. The substantial complication rate does not correlate with HRQoL changes postoperatively, suggesting that the benefits of surgery outweigh the risks in this fragile population.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Motor-Evoked Potential Analysis of Femoral Nerve Status During the Direct Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Ishimatsu Tetsuro , Kinoshita Koichi , Nishio Jun , Tanaka Jun , Ishii Satohiro , Yamamoto Takuaki 
Published: April 2018

Background:
During the direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty, a retractor is placed on the anterior wall of the acetabulum to retract the iliopsoas muscle. This step with the retractor has been reported to put the patient at risk for femoral nerve damage. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of the anterior acetabular retractor on the status of the femoral nerve during the direct anterior approach on the basis of transcranial motor-evoked potential (MEP) analysis.

Methods:
Between July 2016 and February 2017, 22 patients underwent primary total hip arthroplasty via the direct anterior approach with MEP analysis. The integrity of the femoral nerve was tested at 3 time points: preoperatively, as a control (first period); just after retractor placement on the anterior wall of the acetabulum (second period); and after the procedure (third period). The association between operative time and femoral nerve status was examined. Postoperative femoral nerve damage was determined by the presence of causalgia and the results of a manual muscle test (MMT) for strength of knee extension.

Results:
The mean amplitude of the femoral nerve was significantly reduced, from 100% in the first period to 54% (range, 5% to 100%) in the second period (p < 0.01), but then significantly improved to 77% (range, 20% to 100%) in the third period (p < 0.01). In 17 (77%) of the 22 patients, the amplitude of the femoral nerve in the second period was reduced, while only 5 patients (23%) showed no reduction. The mean operative time was 83 minutes (range, 63 to 104 minutes), and no significant correlation was observed between operative time and improvement of femoral nerve status between the second and third periods (p = 0.83 and r = −0.05). All 22 patients had a postoperative MMT grade of 5 for knee extension without causalgia of the femoral nerve.

Conclusions:
On the basis of the MEP analysis, 17 (77%) of the 22 patients showed a significant reduction of the femoral nerve amplitude despite careful placement of the retractor on the anterior wall of the acetabulum. Although this reduction appears reversible, placement of an anterior retractor should be performed with careful attention to the femoral nerve.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Controversies in the Management of Central Cord Syndrome
Authors: Wagner Peter J. , DiPaola Christian P. , Connolly Patrick J. , Stauff Michael P. 
Published: April 2018

➤ Traumatic central cord syndrome is an incomplete spinal cord injury characterized primarily by disproportionate motor and sensory loss in the upper extremities compared with the lower extremities.➤ Initial management of central cord syndrome includes immobilization in a rigid cervical orthosis, maintaining mean arterial pressure, and performing serial neurologic examinations.➤ Treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone is no longer recommended for the treatment of central cord syndrome.➤ Central cord syndrome is generally treated surgically, but the timing and surgical approach depend on injury characteristics, including the injury pattern, neurologic examination and its evolution, and patient comorbidities.➤ Early surgery may be performed safely in the appropriate patient, but there is little evidence to support the notion that earlier surgery affects neurologic outcomes.
SUBCLINICAL SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE IN PREECLAMPTIC WOMEN WITHOUT PROTEINURIA. THE POSSIBILITIES OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Doroshenko D. A. , Zubarev A. R. , Lapochkina O. B. 
Published: April 2018

The article presents the main pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the development of complications of pregnancy against the background of arterial hypertension in patients without clinical manifestations of left ventricular dysfunction, the possibilities of speckle tracking of echocardiography in revealing latent systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in pregnant women on the background of preeclampsia not accompanied by proteinuria are shown.Goal. To identify early markers of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in pregnant women with preeclampsia without proteinuria according to speckle tracking echocardiography.Material and methods. 100 pregnant women with hypertension and a gestation period of 29–40 weeks are divided into 2 groups: 1 st group – 50 patients without an arterial hypertension in the anamnesis, 2 nd group – 50 patients with an arterial hypertension in the anamnesis (without the proteinuria during pregnancy). For all patients, echocardiography with evaluation of cardiomyocyte function by speckle-tracking was performed on ultrasonic scanners Aplio ™ 500 and Aplio ™ Artida from Toshiba.Results. Ejection fraction of the left ventricle in the groups was not significantly different, while the longitudinal, radial and circular deformation parameters differed between the groups, with the lowest values characterizing the global longitudinal deformation.Conclusions. In assessing the function of the left ventricle in pregnant women with preeclampsia without diurnal proteinuria, it is not enough to focus on traditional parameters, shifting the emphasis towards derivatives of force, speed and time. Study of myocardium with the help of speckle tracking echocardiography promotes the detection of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension without daily proteinuria.
Synthesis of some Novel Imidazoles Catalyzed by Co3O4 Nanoparticles and Evaluation of their Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Mohammad A. , Abdollahi-Basir Mohammad H. , Elyasi Zahra 
Published: April 2018

Aim and Objective:
The multi-component condensation of benzil, primary amines,
ammonium acetate and various aldehydes was efficiently catalyzed using cobalt oxide nanoparticles
under ultrasonic irradiation. This approach describes an effective and facile method for the synthesis
of some novel 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives with several advantages such as high
yields and short reaction times and reusability of the catalyst. Moreover, the prepared heterocyclic
compounds showed high antibacterial activity against some pathogenic strains.

Materials and Method:
The facile and efficient approaches for the preparation of Co3O4
nanoparticles were carried out by one step method. The synthesized heterogeneous nanocatalyst was
characterized by spectroscopic analysis including EDX, FE-SEM, VSM, XRD and FT-IR analysis.
The as-synthesized cobalt oxide nanoparticles showed paramagnetic behaviour in magnetic field. In
addition, the catalytic influence of the nanocatalyst was examined in the one-pot reaction of primary
amines, benzil, ammonium acetate and diverse aromatic aldehydes under ultrasonic irradiation. All
of the 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles were investigated and checked with m.p., 1H NMR, 13C
NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy techniques. The antibacterial properties of the heterocycles were
evaluated in vitro by the disk diffusion against pathogenic strains such as Escherichia coli (EC),
Bacillus subtillis (BS), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Salmonellatyphi (ST) and Shigella dysentrae
(SD) species.

Results:
In this research cobalt oxide nanostructure was used as a robust and green catalyst in the
some novel imidazoles. The average particle size measured from the FE-SEM image is found to be
20-30 nm which confirmed to the obtained results from XRD pattern. Various electron-donating and
electron-withdrawing aryl aldehydes were efficiently reacted in the presence of Co3O4 nanoparticles.
The role of the catalyst as a Lewis acid is promoting the reactions with the increase in the
electrophilicity of the carbonyl and double band groups. To investigate the reusability of the catalyst,
the model study was repeated using recovered cobalt oxide nanoparticles. The results showed that
the nanocatalyst could be reused for five times with a minimal loss of its activity.

Conclusion:
We have developed an efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis
of some tetrasubstituted imidazoles via three-component reaction of benzil, primary amines,
ammonium acetate and various aldehydes using Co3O4 NPs. The present approach suggests different
benefits such as: excellent yields, short reaction times, simple workup procedure and recyclability of
the magnetic nanocatalyst. The prepared 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles revealed high
antibacterial activities and can be useful in many biomedical applications.