bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior Chest Wall Reconstruction Using Polypropylene Mesh: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Schroeder-Finckh Alexander , Lopez-Pastorini Alberto , Galetin Thomas , Defosse Jerome , Stoelben Erich , Koryllos Aris 
Published: August 2019

Background Anterior chest wall resection for oncological purposes is usually combined with a form of reconstruction. Most surgeons are convinced that ventrally located defects more than 4 to 5 cm require adequate reconstruction to minimize the risk of lung herniation and respiratory distress through paradox motion. We describe our in-house results of ventral chest wall reconstruction using polypropylene mesh without the use of metallic or biological implants regardless of the extent of chest wall resection.
Methods Patient selection involved ventral chest wall resection and reconstruction by polypropylene mesh for all indications such as primary tumors, metastasis, or infiltration by lung cancer from January 2008 to December 2016. Primary end point was the difference between both sides. Secondary end points were postoperative complications such as infection, surgical revision, and pulmonary complications.
Results Forty-five cases of isolated anterior reconstruction could be identified. In 34 cases, postoperative computed tomography scan of the thorax was available. Fifteen males and 19 females with a median age of 70.5 years were operated. The evaluation of maximum hemithorax diameter between operated and nonoperated sides was documented in centimeters, and the difference was documented in percentage. The mean percentage difference was 11.1% (minimum: 0.3, maximum: 44.4). In one case, wound infection with positive culture could not be treated conservatively and required operative revision and removal of the polypropylene mesh.
Conclusion Polypropylene mesh, though not rigid, can safely be used for anterior chest wall reconstruction.
The Structure of Legal Doctrine in a Judicial Hierarchy
Authors: Wofford Claire B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPolitical scientists interested in the structure of legal doctrine are especially attuned to the impact of the judicial hierarchy. They generally frame the issue as whether a higher court will issue a rigid “rule” to prevent shirking or a vague “standard” to give more discretion to lower courts. This “rules versus standards” debate rests on two presumptions: jurists write doctrine, and doctrine varies in flexibility. Using the US Supreme Court, I offer an initial empirical evaluation of these presumptions. The findings reveal that the justices almost always adopt doctrine suggested to them and that these doctrines differ little in flexibility.
Preventing treatment failures in coronary artery disease: what can we learn from the biology of in-stent restenosis, vein graft failure, and internal thoracic arteries?
Authors: Spadaccio Cristiano , Antoniades Charalambos , Nenna Antonio , Chung Calvin , Will Ricardo , Chello Massimo , Gaudino Mario F L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the availability of percutaneous or surgical revascularization procedures significantly improves survival. However, both strategies are daunted by complications which limit long-term effectiveness. In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a major drawback for intracoronary stenting, while graft failure is the limiting factor for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), especially using veins. Conversely, internal thoracic artery (ITA) is known to maintain long-term patency in CABG. Understanding the biology and pathophysiology of ISR and vein graft failure (VGF) and mechanisms behind ITA resistance to failure is crucial to combat these complications in CAD treatment. This review intends to provide an overview of the biological mechanisms underlying stent and VGF and of the potential therapeutic strategy to prevent these complications. Interestingly, despite being different modalities of revascularization, mechanisms of failure of stent and saphenous vein grafts are very similar from the biological standpoint.
Circular RNA circRNA_000203 aggravates cardiac hypertrophy via suppressing miR-26b-5p and miR-140-3p binding to Gata4
Authors: Li Hui , Xu Jin-Dong , Fang Xian-Hong , Zhu Jie-Ning , Yang Jing , Pan Rong , Yuan Shu-Jing , Zeng Ni , Yang Zhen-Zhen , Yang Hui , Wang Xi-Pei , Duan Jin-Zhu , Wang Sheng , Luo Jian-Fang , Wu Shu-Lin , Shan Zhi-Xin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in gene regulation in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of circRNA_000203 on cardiac hypertrophy and the potential mechanisms involved.Methods and resultsCircRNA_000203 was found to be up-regulated in the myocardium of Ang-II-infused mice and in the cytoplasma of Ang-II-treated neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVCs). Enforced expression of circRNA_000203 enhances cell size and expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain in NMVCs. In vivo, heart function was impaired and cardiac hypertrophy was aggravated in Ang-II-infused myocardium-specific circRNA_000203 transgenic mice (Tg-circ203). Mechanistically, we found that circRNA_000203 could specifically sponge miR-26b-5p, -140-3p in NMVCs. Further, dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-26b-5p, -140-3p could interact with 3′-UTRs of Gata4 gene, and circRNA_000203 could block the above interactions. In addition, Gata4 expression is transcriptionally inhibited by miR-26b-5p, -140-3p mimic in NMVCs but enhanced by over-expression of circRNA_000203 in vitro and in vivo. Functionally, miR-26b-5p, -140-3p, and Gata4 siRNA, could reverse the hypertrophic growth in Ang-II-induced NMVCs, as well as eliminate the pro-hypertrophic effect of circRNA_000203 in NMVCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NF-κB signalling mediates the up-regulation of circRNA_000203 in NMVCs exposed to Ang-II treatment.ConclusionsOur data demonstrated that circRNA_000203 exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy via suppressing miR-26b-5p and miR-140-3p leading to enhanced Gata4 levels.
Performance of acute coronary syndrome approaches in Brazil: a report from the BRACE (Brazilian Registry in Acute Coronary SyndromEs)
Authors: Franken Marcelo , Giugliano Robert P , Goodman Shaun G , Baracioli Luciano Moreira , Godoy Lucas Colombo , Furtado Remo H M , Lima Felipe Gallego , Nicolau Jose Carlos 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
Diagnostic and therapeutic tools have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality associated with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Data about ACS performance measures are scarce in Brazil, and improving its collection is an objective of the Brazilian Registry in Acute Coronary syndromEs (BRACE).

Methods and results
The BRACE is a cross-sectional, observational epidemiological registry of ACS patients. Stratified ‘cluster sampling’ methodology was adopted to obtain a representative picture of ACS. A performance score (PS) varying from 0 to 100 was developed to compare studied parameters. Performance measures alone and the PS were compared between institutions, and the relationship between the PS and outcomes was evaluated. A total of 1150 patients, median age 63 years, 64% male, from 72 hospitals were included in the registry. The mean PS for the overall population was 65.9% ± 20.1%. Teaching institutions had a significantly higher PS (71.4% ± 16.9%) compared with non-teaching hospitals (63.4% ± 21%; P &lt; 0.001). Overall in-hospital mortality was 5.2%, and the variables that correlated independently with in-hospital mortality included: PS—per point increase (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.98, P &lt; 0.001), age—per year (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.09, P &lt; 0.001), chronic kidney disease (OR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.08–9.00, P = 0.036), and prior angioplasty (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.07–0.84, P = 0.025).

Conclusions
In BRACE, the adoption of evidence-based therapies for ACS, as measured by the performance score, was independently associated with lower in-hospital mortality. The use of diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches for the management of ACS is less than ideal in Brazil, with high variability especially among different regions of the country.
ADMM-based multiparameter wavefield reconstruction inversion in VTI acoustic media with TV regularization
Authors: Aghamiry H S , Gholami A , Operto S 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYFull waveform inversion (FWI) is a nonlinear waveform matching procedure, which suffers from cycle skipping when the initial model is not kinematically accurate enough. To mitigate cycle skipping, wavefield reconstruction inversion (WRI) extends the inversion search space by computing wavefields with a relaxation of the wave equation in order to fit the data from the first iteration. Then, the subsurface parameters are updated by minimizing the source residuals the relaxation generated. Capitalizing on the wave-equation bilinearity, performing wavefield reconstruction and parameter estimation in alternating mode decomposes WRI into two linear subproblems, which can be solved efficiently with the alternating-direction method of multiplier (ADMM), leading to the so-called iteratively refined WRI (IR–WRI). Moreover, ADMM provides a suitable framework to implement bound constraints and different types of regularizations and their mixture in IR–WRI. Here, IR–WRI is extended to multiparameter reconstruction for vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) acoustic media. To achieve this goal, we first propose different forms of bilinear VTI acoustic wave equation. We develop more specifically IR–WRI for the one that relies on a parametrization involving vertical wave speed and Thomsen’s parameters δ and ϵ. With a toy numerical example, we first show that the radiation patterns of the virtual sources generate similar wavenumber filtering and parameter cross-talks in classical FWI and IR–WRI. Bound constraints and TV regularization in IR–WRI fully remove these undesired effects for an idealized piecewise constant target. We show with a more realistic long-offset case study representative of the North Sea that anisotropic IR–WRI successfully reconstruct the vertical wave speed starting from a laterally homogeneous model and update the long wavelengths of the starting ϵ model, while a smooth δ model is used as a passive background model. VTI acoustic IR–WRI can be alternatively performed with subsurface parametrizations involving stiffness or compliance coefficients or normal moveout velocities and η parameter (or horizontal velocity).
Assessing the Jordan Compact One Year On: An Opportunity or a Barrier to Better Achieving Refugees’ Right to Work
Authors: Gray Meral Amanda 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The international community can play a key role in assisting states to achieve the right to work for refugees. For example, they can provide financial and technical support to host states as well as influencing a more enabling legal and policy environment. The recent Jordan Compact agreed between Jordan and the international community in February 2016 is an example of the sphere of that influence. Such bilateral agreements between refugee-hosting states and donor states, regional blocs or the international community are an increasing occurrence, providing enormous resources and support for improving the socio-economic lives of refugees. Yet, to date, there has been no analysis of these compacts from the perspective of international human rights law and specifically the right to work for refugees. This article attempts to fill that gap. Drawing on international human rights law and using the Jordan Compact as a case study, it examines the extent to which such agreements can be an effective tool in better achieving refugees’ right to work.
Gain stabilization for radio intensity mapping using a continuous-wave reference signal
Authors: Pollak Alexander W , Holler Christian M , Jones Michael E , Taylor Angela C 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Stabilizing the gain of a radio astronomy receiver is of great importance for sensitive radio intensity mapping. In this paper we discuss a stabilization method using a continuous-wave reference signal injected into the signal chain and tracked in a single channel of the spectrometer to correct for the gain variations of the receiver. This method depends on the fact that gain fluctuations of the receiver are strongly correlated across the frequency band, which we can show is the case for our experimental set-up. This method is especially suited for receivers with a digital back-end with high spectral resolution and moderate dynamic range. The sensitivity of the receiver is unaltered except for one lost frequency channel. We present experimental results using a new 4–8.5 GHz receiver with a digital back-end that shows substantial reduction of the 1/f noise and the 1/f knee frequency.
The spatial extension of extended narrow line regions in MaNGA AGN
Authors: Chen Jianhang , Shi Yong , Dempsey Ross , Law David R , Chen Yanmei , Yan Renbin , Bing Longji , Rembold Sandro B , Li Songlin , Yu Xiaoling , Riffel Rogemar A , Brownstein Joe R , Riffel Rogério 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
In this work, we revisit the size–luminosity relation of the extended narrow line regions (ENLRs) using a large sample of nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. The ENLRs ionized by the AGN are identified through the spatially resolved BPT diagram, which results in a sample of 152 AGN. By combining our AGN with the literature high-luminosity quasars, we found a tight log-linear relation between the size of the ENLR and the AGN $\rm [O\, III]$λ5007 Å luminosity over four orders of magnitude of the $\rm [O\, III]$ luminosity. The slope of this relation is 0.42 ± 0.02 which can be explained in terms of a distribution of clouds photoionized by the AGN. This relation also indicates that the AGNs have the potential to ionize and heat the gas clouds at a large distance from the nuclei without the aids of outflows and jets for the low-luminosity Seyferts.†
A universal 21 cm signature of growing massive black holes in the early Universe
Authors: Sazonov S , Khabibullin I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
There is a hope that looking into the early Universe with next-generation telescopes, one will be able to observe the early accretion growth of supermassive black holes (BHs) when their masses were ∼104–106M⊙. According to the standard accretion theory, the bulk of the gravitational potential energy released by radiatively efficient accretion of matter onto a BH in this mass range is expected to be emitted in the extreme UV–ultrasoft X-ray bands. We demonstrate that such a ’miniquasar’ at z ∼ 15 should leave a specific, localized imprint on the 21 cm cosmological signal. Namely, its position on the sky will be surrounded by a region with a fairly sharp boundary of several arcmin radius, within which the 21 cm brightness temperature quickly grows inwards from the background value of ∼−250 mK to ∼+30 mK. The size of this region is only weakly sensitive to the BH mass, so that the flux density of the excess 21 cm signal is expected to be ∼0.1–0.2 mJy at z ∼ 15 and should be detectable by the Square Kilometer Array. We argue that an optimal strategy would be to search for such signals from high-z miniquasar candidates that can be found and localized with a next-generation X-ray mission such as Lynx. A detection of the predicted 21 cm signal would provide a measurement of the growing BH’s redshift to within Δz/(1 + z) ≲ 0.01.
Search for isolated Galactic Centre stellar mass black holes in the IR and sub-mm range
Authors: Ivanov P B , Lukash V N , Pilipenko S V , Pshirkov M S 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate a possibility to find an accreting isolated black hole (IBH) with mass 1–100 M⊙ within Central Galactic Molecular Zone in the submillimetre and infrared spectral range with help of planned space observatories James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Millimetron (MM). We assume the spherical mode of accretion. We develop the simplest possible quantitative model of the formation of radiation spectrum in this range due to synchrotron emission and show that it fully agrees with the more complicated model of Ipser and Price (1982) for expected values of accretion rate. If a substantial fraction of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) events was caused by merger of primordial black holes, the JWST would be able to find them provided that there is a cusp in distribution of dark matter in the Galaxy and that the accretion efficiency parameter λ defined as the ratio of accretion rate on to IBH to its Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton value is larger than ∼10−2. A comparable amount of IBHs is also predicted by recent models of their formation due to stellar evolution. MM capabilities are hampered by the effect of confusion due to distant submillimetre galaxies, but it can also be used for such purposes if the confusion effect is properly dealt with. In case of efficient accretion with λ ∼ 1, both instruments could detect IBHs even when their number densities are as low as 10−6 pc−3.
Spatial variations in the Milky Way disc metallicity–age relation
Authors: Feuillet Diane K , Frankel Neige , Lind Karin , Frinchaboy Peter M , García-Hernández D A , Lane Richard R , Nitschelm Christian , Roman-Lopes Alexandre 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Stellar ages are a crucial component to studying the evolution of the Milky Way. Using Gaia DR2 distance estimates, it is now possible to estimate stellar ages for a larger volume of evolved stars through isochrone matching. This work presents [M/H]–age and [α/M]–age relations derived for different spatial locations in the Milky Way disc. These relations are derived by hierarchically modelling the star formation history of stars within a given chemical abundance bin. For the first time, we directly observe that significant variation is apparent in the [M/H]–age relation as a function of both Galactocentric radius and distance from the disc mid-plane. The [M/H]–age relations support claims that radial migration has a significant effect in the plane of the disc. Using the [M/H] bin with the youngest mean age at each radial zone in the plane of the disc, the present-day metallicity gradient is measured to be −0.059 ± 0.010 dex kpc−1, in agreement with Cepheids and young field stars. We find a vertically flared distribution of young stars in the outer disc, confirming predictions of models and previous observations. The mean age of the [M/H]–[α/M] distribution of the solar neighbourhood suggests that the high-[M/H] stars are not an evolutionary extension of the low-α sequence. Our observational results are important constraints to Galactic simulations and models of chemical evolution.
Estimating dayside effective temperatures of hot Jupiters and associated uncertainties through Gaussian process regression
Authors: Pass Emily K , Cowan Nicolas B , Cubillos Patricio E , Sklar Jack G 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
In this work, we outline a new method for estimating dayside effective temperatures of exoplanets and associated uncertainties using Gaussian process (GP) regression. By applying our method to simulated observations, we show that the GP method estimates uncertainty more robustly than other model-independent approaches. We find that unbiased estimates of effective temperatures can be made using as few as three broad-band measurements (white-light HST WFC3 and the two warm Spitzer IRAC channels), although we caution that estimates made using only IRAC can be significantly biased. We then apply our GP method to the 12 hot Jupiters in the literature whose secondary eclipse depths have been measured by WFC3 and IRAC channels 1 and 2: CoRoT-2 b; HAT-P-7 b; HD 189733 b; HD 209458 b; Kepler-13A b; TrES-3 b; WASP-4 b; WASP-12 b; WASP-18 b; WASP-33 b; WASP-43 b; and WASP-103 b. We present model-independent dayside effective temperatures for these planets, with uncertainty estimates that range from ±66 to ±136 K.
Incidence of Maternal Tachycardia During the Second Stage of Labor: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Towers Craig V. , Trussell John , Heidel Robert E. , Chernicky Lindsey , Howard Bobby C. 
Published: August 2019

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019;32(10):1615–1619)
Electronic fetal monitoring has become the primary mode of evaluating the fetus intrapartum, with external Doppler monitoring being the most commonly used method with the criterion standard for fetal heart monitoring, the fetal scalp electrode (FSE), used less frequently. However, Doppler monitoring of fetal heart rate (FHR) presents the possibility of confusion between maternal heart rates (MHRs) and FHRs, referred to as signal ambiguity.
Spinal Metastatic Disease
Authors: Derincek Alihan , Guler Umit O. , Uysal Mustafa , Ozalay Metin 
Published: August 2019

Study Design:
This was a retrospective analysis.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the 4 different scoring systems Tomita, Bauer modified, Tokuhashi revised, and Van der Linden and some parameters that are used in these scoring systems.

Summary and Background Data:
Prediction of the survival period before treatment for spinal metastasis is extremely important. A lot of scoring systems have been described to predict the survival periods and to select the ideal treatment modality in the literature.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospectively 146 patients with spinal metastasis were investigated between 2002 and 2011. The following parameters were analyzed: age, pathologic vertebra fracture, neurological deficit, visceral metastasis, diagnosis of primary tumor and its spinal metastasis interval, other skeletal metastasis, involved region of vertebra, and undergone spinal surgery. Patients were also scored by the 4 different scoring systems. The survival period was calculated from date of diagnosis of the spinal metastasis to the date of death or last follow-up (minimum: 12 mo). Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier survival test, and Cronbach α tests were performed for statistical analysis.

Results:
Median overall survival for all patients was 13 months (range: 1–68 mo). The primary tumor (P=0.015), existence of visceral metastasis (P=0.017), presence of pathologic vertebra fracture (P=0.009), and undergone spinal surgery (P=0.047) showed significant influence on survival. Each scoring system was reliable and concordant with the other scoring systems (Cronbach α=80%); however, after 2 years, Modified Bauer score appeared to be the most reliable system for predicting survival (Cronbach α=25%).

Conclusions:
According to this analysis, lung cancer, visceral metastasis, pathologic vertebra fracture, and undergone spinal surgery have shown a negative effect on survival. All 4 scoring systems were reliable for predicting survival of patients with spinal metastatic disease. However, modified Bauer scoring system seems to be more predictive after 2 years.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.