bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Traits Predict Outcomes of Current and Novel Competition Under Warmer Climate
Authors: Lyu Shengman , Alexander Jake M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFunctional traits offer a potential avenue to generalize and forecast the impacts of changing competition on plant communities, including changing outcomes of competition among species that currently interact (current competition) or that will interact in the future following range shifts (novel competition). However, it remains unclear how well traits explain variation in the outcomes of current and novel competition as well as the underlying processes determining coexistence or competitive exclusion, under changing climate. Here, we interacted pairs of high and low‐elevation species in three sites across an elevation gradient in the Swiss Alps. For each species pair, we quantified the population‐level outcomes of competition (invasion growth rates), relative fitness differences, and niche overlap and related these to 15 functional traits that were measured in each site. Most traits were significantly associated with invasion growth rates at the low elevation, where species had greater relative fitness differences, but these associations were much weaker towards higher elevations. This appears to be because traits, particularly those associated with light competition, captured species' relative fitness differences at lower elevations, but not at the high elevation site, highlighting that the predictive ability of traits can depend on environmental context. The amplified relative fitness differences towards lower elevations suggest that climate warming may increase the likelihood of competitive exclusion. In addition, novel competitors tended to show greater niche overlap than current competitors, leading to stronger overall competitive effects. However, in general, trait differences predicted competitive outcomes of novel and current competitors similarly well, suggesting that traits can predict interactions between species that do not yet interact. Our study reinforces the importance of considering changing interactions for predicting species responses to climate change and provides experimental evidence supporting the usefulness of functional trait differences in forecasting the impacts of future plant interactions under changing climate.
Additionality in Blue Carbon Ecosystems: Recommendations for a Universally Applicable Accounting Methodology
Authors: Houston Alex , Kennedy Hilary , Austin William E. N. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBlue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store significant amounts of organic carbon (OC) in their soils. Consequently, the protection and restoration of BCEs may contribute to net greenhouse gas emissions abatement and help address the global challenges of both mitigating and adapting to climate change. An ongoing debate is whether OC sequestered out with the blue carbon (BC) project and transported to its present location (allochthonous) should be counted as ‘additional’. There are inconsistencies in the treatment of allochthonous carbon between BCE methodologies, potentially undermining the credibility of global BC accounting initiatives. To explore these inconsistences, we compare the methodologies which we were able to find online, with particular focus on the VERRA, IPCC and BlueCAM methodologies, and review the science underlying any approach to account for allochthonous OC. Our findings indicate that there are currently no robust scientific approaches to define an appropriate apportioning of allochthonous OC for discounting in the calculation of additionality. We therefore advocate for the inclusion of allochthonous OC in BC crediting projects when an observational and experimental approach does not support the calculation (and discounting) of the refractory allochthonous carbon contribution.
Aridity‐Driven Change in Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency and Its Linkage to Soil Carbon Storage
Authors: Pei Junmin , Fang Changming , Li Bo , Nie Ming , Li Jinquan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGlobal warming is generally predicted to increase aridity in drylands, while the effects of aridity changes on microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and its linkage to soil organic carbon (SOC) storage remain unresolved, limiting the accuracy of soil carbon dynamic predictions under changing climates. Here, by employing large‐scale soil sampling from 50 sites along an ~6000 km aridity gradient in northern China, we report a significant decreasing trend in microbial CUE (ranging from approximately 0.07 to 0.59 across the aridity gradient) with increasing aridity. The negative effect of aridity on microbial CUE was further verified by an independent moisture manipulation experiment, which revealed that CUE was lower under lower moisture levels than under higher moisture levels. Aridity‐induced increases in physicochemical protection or decreases in microbial diversity primarily mediated the decrease in CUE with increasing aridity. Moreover, we found a highly positive microbial CUE–SOC relationship, and incorporating CUE improved the explanatory power of SOC variations along the aridity gradient. Our findings provide empirical evidence for aridity‐induced reductions in microbial CUE over a broad geographic scale and highlight that increasing aridity may be a crucial mechanism underlying SOC loss by suppressing the ability of soil microorganisms to sequester carbon.
Displacement Factors for Aerosol Emissions From Alternative Forest Biomass Use
Authors: Tikka Aapo , Hartikainen Anni , Sippula Olli , Kilpeläinen Antti 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSubstituting alternative materials and energy sources with forest biomass can cause significant environmental consequences, such as alteration in the released emissions which can be described by displacement factors (DFs). Until now, DFs of wood‐based materials have included greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and have been associated with lower fossil and process‐based emissions than non‐wood counterparts. In addition to GHGs, aerosols released in combustion processes, for example, alter radiative forcing in the atmosphere and consequently have an influence on climate. In this study, the objective was to quantify the changes in the most important aerosol emission components for cases when wood‐based materials and energy were used to replace the production of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, common fossil‐based construction materials (concrete, steel and brick), non‐wood textile materials and energy produced by fossil fuels and peat. For this reason, we expanded the DF calculations to include aerosol emissions of total suspended particles (TSP), respirable particulate matter (PM10), fine particles (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and non‐methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) based on the embodied energies of materials and energy sources. The DFs for cardboard implied a decrease in BC, SO2 and NMVOC emissions but an increase in the other emission components. DFs for sawn wood mainly indicated higher emissions of both particles and gaseous emissions compared to non‐wood counterparts. DFs for wood‐based textiles demonstrated increased particle emissions and reduced gaseous emissions. DFs for energy biomass mainly implied an increase in emissions, especially if biomass was combusted in small‐scale appliances. Our main conclusion highlights the critical need to thoroughly assess how using forest biomass affects aerosol emissions. This improved understanding of the aerosol emissions of the forestry sector is crucial for a comprehensive evaluation of the climate and health implications associated with forest biomass use.
The Sociality of Form: Camillo Sitte's Urban Morphologies
Authors: Christian Margareta Ingrid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article examines a text by a lesser‐known figure of fin‐de‐siècle Vienna, Camillo Sitte's Der Städtebau nach seinen künstlerischen Grundsätzen (1889), tracing the relationship between urban form and social structure in Sitte's treatise. It identifies the key points of this relationship in terms of causality: the form of public spaces can determine the form of social life; surrogacy: the throngs of the places’ inanimate inhabitants, the statues and monuments, are placeholders for the missing human gatherings; and finally displacement: the thick sociality of community life is transferred onto a heightened relationality with urban forms. Sitte's text sublimates the social; it diffuses abstract social structures—density, relationality, connection—onto the spatial morphologies of the city. Ultimately, this diffusion results in a capacious yet weakened model of sociality.
Zircon Trace‐Element Compositions in Cenozoic Granitoids in Japan: Revised Discrimination Diagrams for Zircons in I‐Type, S‐Type, and A‐Type Granites
Authors: Sawaki Yusuke , Asanuma Hisashi , Sakata Shuhei , Abe Mariko , Ueda Hisahiro , Fujisaki Wataru , Ohno Takeshi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOwing to high resistance to alteration, detrital zircons retain information about their formation ages and parental magmas for a long period of time. Many geochemical researchers have proposed various indicators for zircon to constrain tectonic settings and to identify source rock. Because most detrital zircons analyzed by geochronologic studies are derived primarily from granitoids, we focus on the classification of zircon within granitoids. In the style of alphabetical classification scheme (Igneous, I; Sedimentary, S; and Alkaline, A types), some discrimination diagrams have been proposed. To improve the database and enhance discriminating studies, we examined trace‐element compositions of zircons extracted from some Cenozoic granitoids exposed in the Japan Islands. The zircons showed systematic differences in Nb, Ta, Ce, and P contents. Zircons in Oceanic Arc I‐type granite are poor in Nb and Ta, and these signatures clearly reflect those elements in their parental bodies. Despite their low abundance at the whole‐rock level, zircons in Oceanic Arc I‐type granite are characterized by high Ce content. This is attributable to the relatively oxidizing conditions of Oceanic Arc I‐type magma. Zircons in S‐type granite are characterized by high P and low Ce contents. The former can be explained by high apatite solubility in Al‐rich magma, whereas the reducing environment of S‐type magma is accountable for the latter. The zircon crystallized at the later stage during S‐type granite solidification is slightly depleted in Nb and Ta. This is attributable to the depletion of these elements in the magma by Ti‐bearing minerals such as ilmenite prior to zircon crystallization. In analogy with whole‐rock composition, zircons in transitional I‐A‐type granite have intermediate composition between I‐type and A‐type zircons. On the basis of the updated database, we demonstrated that the Nb/P–Ce/P or Ta/P–Ce/P crossplots are the most useful for discriminating zircons in Oceanic Arc I‐type, I‐type, S‐type, and A‐type granites.
Theorising Bounded Rationality in EU Policy‐Making
Authors: Figueira Filipa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article proposes a theoretical framework combining multi‐level governance (MLG) with bounded rationality. MLG theories have become increasingly popular to understand European Union (EU) policy‐making and interactions between national, sub‐national and EU levels. At the same time, principles of bounded rationality are entering the public policy debate, highlighting the role of cognitive biases in policy formation. However, these two developments have been separate, as bounded rationality has been little used in EU studies. The article therefore proposes a framework integrating the two lenses. This sheds new light on the optimal allocation of tasks between EU and national levels, given the prevalence of different cognitive biases at each level. Findings are that EU‐level policy‐making can be hampered by availability heuristics and undefined preferences, whilst national policy‐making is prone to zero‐sum bias and myopia. Insights are applied to research policy as an example, helping to explain obstacles to EU integration in this area.
Whitefly‐Pathogenic Beauveria bassiana JEF‐507 as a Competitive Biopesticide, Chongchae‐Stop
Authors: Kim Jong‐Cheol , Baek Sehyeon , Kim Jae Su 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSilverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a destructive insect pest damaging to diverse crops by vectoring several plant pathogenic viruses, which consequently causes economic losses in crop production. As the resistance of whiteflies to chemical insecticides is increasing, this study aimed to investigate the potential of entomopathogenic fungi as an alternative. A total of 72 entomopathogenic fungal isolates, collected from soils using Tenebrio molitor larvae as an insect baiting method, were assessed for their virulence against 2nd nymphs of whitefly. Their virulence was assayed by dipping whitefly‐infested tomato leaves in fungal conidia suspensions at 1.0 × 107 conidia/mL. Among the tested isolates, two isolates of Beauveria bassiana JEF‐462 and JEF‐507 showed high virulence. In the assessment of virulence depending on conidia concentrations, the estimated LC50 values for JEF‐462 and JEF‐507 were similarly 8.7–14.0 × 107 conidia/mL. However, B. bassiana JEF‐507 showed higher conidial productivity and thermotolerance on most of tested 12 grain substrates than B. bassiana JEF‐462, and millet was the most suitable grain substrate. Additionally, siloxane as a surfactant was able to sufficiently exhibit the insecticidal activity of JEF‐507 against whitefly nymphs compared with other surfactants. In a pot‐based greenhouse trial, JEF‐507 showed higher control efficacy than chemical insecticides, dinotefuran and spinetoram. This work suggests that B. bassiana JEF‐507 could be competitively used as a biopesticide to control silverleaf whiteflies while overcoming current resistance issues. The JEF‐507 isolate has been registered in Korea, 2022 and successfully commercialised as the name of Chongchae‐Stop in this local market to control whitefly and thrips.
Developing and Evaluating SEE‐Diabetes: A Patient‐Centered Educational Decision Support System for Diabetes Care
Authors: Narindrarangkura Ploypun , Dejhansathit Siroj , Khan Uzma , Day Margaret , Boren Suzanne A. , Simoes Eduardo J. , Kim Min S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis feasibility study evaluated the effectiveness of Support‐Engage‐Empower‐Diabetes (SEE‐Diabetes), a patient‐centered educational tool designed to promote shared decision‐making of diabetes management in older adults. We aimed to assess SEE‐Diabetes's ability to facilitate patient engagement and collaborative goal setting, as measured by the Observational Patient Involvement (OPTION) scale and Shared Decision‐Making Questionnaire (SDM‐Q‐Doc). We hypothesized that these instruments would effectively differentiate between healthcare providers who actively leveraged SEE‐Diabetes to guide patient‐centric conversations and set goals compared to those who did not.MethodsSEE‐Diabetes, developed through a 4‐year user‐centered design process, was employed in simulated clinical encounters at the University of Missouri Health Care. We conducted an analysis of 12 clinical encounters using video recordings. This analysis involved three simulated patients and four providers, two internals and two externals, utilizing a mixed‐methods approach. We assessed the decision‐making process using SEE‐Diabetes by SDM‐Q‐Doc, OPTION scale, and conversation analysis.ResultsThe average scores for the SDM‐Q‐Doc and the OPTION scale, out of a possible 100, were 52.6 and 75.9, respectively. Our findings revealed that active provider engagement with SEE‐Diabetes during patient interactions served as an effective medium to facilitate shared decision‐making and to set patient‐centered goals. Providers who actively utilized SEE‐Diabetes to guide conversations, ask open‐ended questions, and incorporate patient input into goal setting demonstrated significantly higher OPTION and SDM‐Q‐Doc scores compared to those who used the tool less frequently or primarily for documentation purposes. Providers expressed positive feedback, highlighting its conciseness, patient‐centricity, and optimism about integrating SEE‐Diabetes into their future practices.ConclusionSEE‐Diabetes showed considerable promise in improving interactions between patients and providers, presenting an innovative approach to diabetes management for older adults. This tool has the potential to not only close communication gaps but also enable patients to take a more active role in their healthcare decisions.
A cross‐sectional survey exploring knowledge, beliefs and barriers to whole food plant‐based diets amongst registered dietitians in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Authors: Metoudi Michael , Bauer Alexander , Haffner Tanya , Kassam Shireen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPlant‐based diets (PBDs) have gained popularity in recent years due to their co‐benefits for human and planetary health. Although clinical guidelines now recommend well‐balanced PBDs, it remains unclear how dietitians in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (ROI) view such diets and their implementation in practice. This study aimed to evaluate the perspectives of registered dietitians (RDs) on the role of a whole food plant‐based diet (WFPBD) in clinical practice.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was conducted amongst RDs in the UK and ROI between September and November 2023.ResultsA total of 335 RDs participated in the survey. Most RDs (76%) agree that a well‐planned WFPBD is suitable for all stages of life, with some (48%) expressing concerns over the risk of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Three‐quarters of RDs (75%) incorrectly thought that plant protein is incomplete, necessitating protein combining. A WFPBD was on average ranked fourth out of 14 dietary strategies for managing some of the leading non‐communicable diseases. Excluding dairy and eggs was the primary reason preventing RDs from personally adopting a WFPBD, whereas meal preparation and cost were the main barriers for their clients. The majority of RDs (79%) feel they did not receive sufficient education on WFPBDs, with 58% agreeing there are insufficient evidence‐based resources available in their field. Only 33% feel supported when advocating for a WFPBD in their workplace.ConclusionsAlthough many RDs view WFPBDs as viable and clinically relevant, significant barriers to their implementation exist, underscoring the need for enhanced education and support.
Scope, Scale, and Concentration: The 21st‐Century Firm
Authors: HOBERG GERARD , PHILLIPS GORDON M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe provide evidence using firm 10‐Ks that over the past 30 years, U.S. firms have expanded their scope of operations. Increases in scope were achieved largely without increasing traditional operating segments. Scope expansion significantly increases valuation and is realized primarily through acquisitions and investment in R&D, but not through capital expenditures. Traditional concentration ratios do not capture this expansion of scope. Our findings point to a new type of firm that increases scope through related expansion, which is highly valued by the market.
Assessment Tools for Masticatory Function in Periodontitis Patients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fok Chris T. C. , Acharya Aneesha , Chin Bonnie H. M. , Fok Melissa Rachel , Pelekos George 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThe aim of this scoping review was to map the available evidence on assessment tools for masticatory function for periodontitis patients. It also aimed to examine the methodology of masticatory function assessment and to identify the elements of subjective masticatory function evaluation for periodontitis patients reported in the literature.MethodsA scoping review was conducted following the methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched for published studies in English reporting objective or subjective masticatory function assessment in periodontitis patients.ResultsForty‐five studies were included in the analysis. The identified assessment tools for masticatory function were summarized using the terminology described by the recent consensus. Heterogeneity was observed in the approach of assessment, the type(s) and design of assessment tools, and the methods of measurement employed. Most studies utilized only one assessment tool. Seven studies reported composite objective assessment and five studies utilized assessment tools for both objective and subjective masticatory function. Items from the included instruments for subjective masticatory function were analyzed and categorized into seven potentially clinically relevant elements of subjective masticatory function evaluation. Unclear reporting on validation status was found in all included instruments for subjective masticatory function.ConclusionVariable methodologies have been reported to assess masticatory function in periodontitis patients. Future research is needed to discern the clinical utility of these assessment tools for masticatory function in periodontitis patients.
Mud crab, Scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1798), crablet grow‐out in lined ponds with different stocking densities to support soft‐shell crab production
Authors: Gunarto Gunarto , Herlinah Herlinah , Muliani Muliani , Nurbaya Nurbaya , Rosmiati Rosmiati , Suryati Emma , Sulaeman Sulaeman , Lante Samuel , Parenrengi Andi , Syafaat Muhammad Nur , Septiningsih Early , Nursyamsi Idayanti 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCrab stocking densities in brackish water ponds can influence crab growth rate, survival, and production volume. This study aimed to determine the optimum grow‐out stocking density for Scylla tranquebarica crablets reared in lined ponds to supply the soft‐shell crab industry. Three stocking density treatments (1, 4, and 8 ind./m2) were applied to crablets reared in lined ponds for 90 days. The crablets were fed low‐value fish (Leiognathus equula) at an initial rate of 100% of total body weight for two weeks, reduced to 3% toward the end of the study. Crablets stocked at 1 and 4 ind./m2 had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher net growth (NG) and daily growth rate (DGR) than crablets stocked at 8 ind./m2. Deformed crabs were also most common at the highest stocking density. The intermediate stocking rate achieved moderate survival and feed conversion rates, with the highest crab production volume (19.65 ± 0.10 kg/100 m2) and net income (6845.60 US$/Ha/2 crops/year). Based on these findings, a stocking rate of around 4 ind./m2 is recommended for the grow‐out of S. tranquebarica crablets in lined ponds.