Abstract 885: Anthracycline-induced apoptosis through caspase3/7 activity is p53-dependent in bladder cancer cells
Authors: Pandey Sony , Lothstein Leonard , Cekanova Maria 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a chemotherapy drug widely used for treatment of several cancers including bladder cancer. However, cardiovascular side effects caused by doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity has necessitated the synthesis and validation of next generation chemotherapy drugs that are as effective but not cardiotoxic. AD 312 (N-Nitrosureidodaunorubicin; Daunomustine®, Paradox Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and AD 198 (N- benzyladriamycin-14-valerate; Benzarubicin®, Paradox Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) are novel anthracyclines with confirmed non-cardiotoxicity in mice. Compared to Dox, AD 312 and AD 198 induce apoptosis in cells through distinct mechanisms. The tumor suppressor gene p53 is a key regulator of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Dysregulation of p53 expression and function was identified in over 70% of the bladder cancers and reported as a potential target for therapy. As a result, small molecule compounds that can restore mutated p53 function to wild-type, including PRIMA-1, are under intensive investigation. In this study, we have compared the efficacy of AD 312 and AD 198 to Dox to induce apoptosis in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cells by MTT assay and assessed the possible mechanisms of anthracyclines-induced apoptosis in TCC cells expressing wild-type (wt) p53 (RT4, SW780) and mutated (mt) p53 (UM-UC-3, 5637, J82, and TCCSUP) protein. We have also investigated the effects of co-treatment of anthracyclines with PRIMA-1 in J82 cells, as a representative mt-p53 TCC cell line, and compared the co-treatment effects in RT4, as a representative wt-p53 cell line. Our results demonstrated that anthracyclines inhibited cell viability of all tested TCC cells in vitro, with AD 198 demonstrating highest efficacy. Furthermore, anthracyclines upregulated p53 protein expression in wt-p53 RT4 and SW780 cells, but not in tested mt-p53 UM-UC-3, 5637, J82, and TCCSUP cells. A strong correlation was observed between p53 mutation status and activation of caspase 3/7 and cleavage of PARP. The upregulated caspase 3/7 activity and PARP cleavage was observed in wt-p53, but not in mt-p53 TCC cells. AD198 blocked c-myc expression in mt-p53 TCC cells and no expression of c-myc was detected in wt-p53 TCC cells. Furthermore, sensitivity to AD 198 treatment in mt-p53 J82 cells was significantly improved by a co-treatment with PRIMA-1. However, PRIMA-1 had no effect on cell viability in RT4, the wt-p53 TCC cells. Overall, our results demonstrated that AD 312 and AD 198 are potent inhibitors of bladder cancer cells in vitro and are promising candidates for new therapeutic strategies to replace Dox for bladder cancer treatment. PRIMA-1 even further sensitized mt-p53 cells to AD 198 treatment and thereby this co-treatment improved the inhibition of bladder cancer in vitro.
Citation Format: Sony Pandey, Leonard Lothstein, Maria Cekanova. Anthracycline-induced apoptosis through caspase3/7 activity is p53-dependent in bladder cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 885.