bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Southeastern Illinois Earthquake of 10 June 1987
Authors: Taylor K. B. , Herrmann R. B. , Hamburger M. W. , Pavlis G. L. , Johnston A. , Langer C. , Lam C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The June 10 southeastern Illinois earthquake was the 11th largest earthquake felt in the central U.S. during this century. Source parameters of the main shock were estimated from an analysis of surface-wave amplitude spectra. The source that best fit the observed data has focal depth of 10 ± 1 km; mechanism with strike= 40.6°± 5.9°, dip= 76.2° ± 5.6°, slip= 159.7° ± 6.0°; tension and pressure axes of (T) trend= 357°, plunge= 24°, (P) trend= 89°, plunge= 4°; and a seismic moment of 3.1 * 1023 dyne-cm.
With the combined efforts of six institutions, a 24-station analog microearthquake network was deployed around the main shock epicenter. One hundred eighty-five aftershocks were recorded in the first week of monitoring, providing 144 hypocenter determinations. A subset of 51 well recorded events was used for joint relocation and calculation of station corrections for the stations within 100 km of the main shock epicenter. Joint hypocenter locations differ only slightly from the original locations. The spatial distribution of well located aftershocks indicates that the rupture was confined to a pencil-like zone within the Precambrian basement, extending from 7 to 11 km depth.
Ground Motion From A Magnitude 3.5 Earthquake Near Massena, New York: Evidence For Poor Resolution of Corner Frequency For Small Events
Authors: Hough S.E. , Jacob K. , Busby R. , Friberg P.A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present analysis of a magnitude 3.5 event which occurred at 9 km epicentral distance from a digital strong motion instrument operated by the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research. Although the size of this isolated event is such that it can scarcely be considered to be a significant earthquake, a careful analysis of this high quality recording does yield several interesting results: 1) the S-wave spectra can be interpreted in terms of a simple omega-squared source spectrum and frequency-independent attenuation, 2) there is the suggestion of a poorly-resolved resonance in the P-wave spectrum, and perhaps most importantly, 3) the apparently simple S-wave spectra can be fit almost equally well with a surprisingly wide range of seismic corner frequencies, from roughly 5 to 25 Hz. This uncertainty in corner frequency translates into uncertainties in inferred Q values of almost an order of magnitude, and into uncertainties in stress drop of two orders of magnitude. Given the high quality of the data and the short epicentral distance to the station, we consider it likely that resolution of spectral decay and corner frequency will be at least as poor for any other recording of earthquakes with comparable or smaller magnitudes.
A Comparison of Eastern North American ground Motion Observations with Theoretical Predictions
Authors: Atkinson Gail M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Theoretical predictions of eastern North American (ENA) ground motion parameters based on a stochastic model (Boore and Atkinson, 1987; Atkinson and Boore, 1990) are evaluated in light of recent data, including data from the 1988 Saguenay, Quebec earthquake. The evaluation is based on visual comparisons of predicted and observed ground motion amplitudes, and on regression analyses of the data. Data are consistent with the theoretical model on average, although high-frequency ground motions from the Saguenay earthquake are underpredicted. It is hypothesized that differences between the observations and the stochastic model predictions may be explained by the presence of two corner frequencies in the source spectrum. Any single earthquake may exhibit ground motions significantly higher or lower than predicted due to local or earthquake-specific effects not accounted for in predictions of ‘average’ motions.
Possbile Triggering of Earthquakes by Underground Waste Disposal in the El Dorado, Arkansas Area
Authors: Cox Randel Tom 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
From December, 1983 to September, 1989 twelve small earthquakes were recorded for the El Dorado, Arkansas area. Although the hypocenters for these events are poorly defined, the following observations in concert support the conclusion that the quakes were triggered. Prior to 1983 no seismicity was reported in the area, suggesting that the earthquakes were not naturally occurring and may have been the result of human activity. El Dorado is located at the margin of a region of underground waste brine disposal and along a major fault zone. Elevated pore pressures resulting from brine disposal may have reduced the normal stresses across fault surfaces and triggered fault movement.
The two injection wells (Great Lakes Chemical Corporation SWD# 7 and 13) in the El Dorado South field in closest proximity to fault surfaces at the depth of injection also lie at the center of the macroseismic area of a magnitude 2.5 earthquake of December 12, 1988 and show increases in injection rates prior to periods of seismicity. These relationships suggest that pressured fluid injection triggers earthquakes in the area. Seismic energy greatly exceeds injection energy, suggesting that induced earthquakes release tectonic strain.
Waveform Characteristics and Focal Mechanism Solutions of Five Aftershocks of the 1983 Goodnow, New York, Earthquake by Polarization Analysis and Waveform Modeling
Authors: Liu Zuyuan , Herrmarnn Robert. B. , Xie Jiakang , Cranswick E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Waveforms of the direct P-, SV- and SH-waves of five 1983 Goodnow, New York, aftershocks (mb = 1.4–3.1), locally recorded at four hard-rock sites (epicentral distances=1.9–8.0 km) with GEOS systems, were studied to obtain their focal mechanism solutions by waveform fit using both systematic search and moment tensor inversion. Both synthetic and observed data were low-pass filtered at 10 Hz to reduce sensitivity to shallow earth structure. It was discovered that only the first cycle of P-wave and S-wave appear to have pure direct body wave characteristics. The strong P- and S-coda have no stable polarization. The five aftershocks have similar locations, identical P-first motions, but varying direct S-waveforms.
A layered velocity model with a P-wave velocity of 4.4 km/s in the surface layer was derived. Fault plane solutions of four events indicate reverse faulting mechanisms that have a near horizontal P-axis with a strike of ENE. This is similar to the fault plane solution of the mainshock (October 7, 1983, mb = 5.1) and the composite focal mechanism of the aftershocks. Four aftershocks occurred on the fault planes with the strike NW-N and dip of 52°–64° toward NE-E. The fifth event studied has significant strike-slip motion with the P axis is also nearly horizontal and oriented NE. The results of systematic search technique agree well with those of moment tensor inversion. The first motion directions, pulse widths, amplitudes, amplitude ratios and arrival times of the direct P-, SV- and SH-phases of the synthetic seismograms are consistent with those of the observed seismograms. The results of the research demonstrated that the S-wave amplitude can provide important constraints on the focal mechanism.
The Pseudoearthquakes of 21 and 23 February, 1954, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Authors: Scharnberger Charles K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A mine collapse in the city of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, that began on 21 February, 1954, was mistaken for an intensity VII earthquake and an intensity VI aftershock. Although the non-tectonic character of these events has been recognized before now, they continue to show up on lists of significant eastern U.S. earthquakes. The reports of the federal mine inspectors and consulting engineers, made at the time, provide convincing evidence of the true nature of these events. Their misidentification as earthquakes appears to have been due to a number of factors, including inaccurate media reports, an ambiguous statement by a seismologist, the false impression of uplift in the affected area, and a newspaper strike.
Geologic Implications of Earthquake Source Parameters in Central and Eastern North America
Authors: Wheeler Russell L. , Johnston Arch C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The relations between geology and earthquakes remain mostly enigmatic in North America east of the Rocky Mountains. Hypocentral depths and the dips of rupture zones (preferred nodal planes) are among the seismological variables most likely associated with geologic structure in the stable continental region (SCR) of central and eastern North America (CENA). We compiled well-constrained depths and dips for 20 SCR shocks in CENA with magnitudes (M) between 4.9 and 6.8. The appendix lists the values we chose, our reasons for selecting specific values, and the uncertainties associated with each value. The median depth is 10 km, but an aseismic interval from about 15 to 25 km depth separates three midcrustal hypocenters from the others. The median dip of preferred nodal planes is 54°, and the larger earthquakes tend to rupture along shallower dips.
These results combined with geologic evidence lead to four inferences about SCR earthquakes with M≥ 4.9 in CENA. (1) If rupture generally progresses updip, then the tendency for large earthquakes to rupture more shallowly-dipping surfaces than small earthquakes can explain the scarcity of surface ruptures in CENA. (2) The few midcrustal earthquakes might be evidence that mafic or granulite facies rocks are present. (3) CENA seismicity is concentrated in Late Proterozoic and Phanerozoic orogens and extended terranes that rim an older, stable, central craton. Unusually shallow large CENA earthquakes have been observed only in the central craton, where they might cause severe but localized shaking. (4) Earthquakes in the Appalachian orogen tend to be shallower than those of comparable size in the Late Proterozoic rifted continental margin that underlies and borders the northwest side of the orogen. As a result, some Appalachian earthquakes could cause more localized shaking than comparable shocks in the rifted margin.
A Method for Identifying Explosions Contaminating Earthquake Catalogs: Application to the Washington Regional Earthquake Catalog
Authors: Benson R. , Lindholm C. D. , Ludwin R. , Qamar A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Washington Regional Seismograph Network (WRSN) earthquake catalog shows more earthquakes in the day than at night, probably because some local explosions are misidentified as earthquakes. We have implemented a method to help discriminate likely local blasts from local earthquakes. Probable blasts are identified based on time of occurrence (year, month and hour), magnitude, location, and depth. We have defined thirteen areas in Washington and northern Oregon, with enhanced daytime activity probably due to blasts, and have developed specific time, magnitude, and depth criteria for each area to best identify probable blasts. Except in a few regions, most of the smallest, shallowest events occurring during the day in Washington and northern Oregon are probably blasts.
Determination of Source Parameters for Central and Eastern North American Earthquakes (1982–1986)
Authors: Nguyen B. V. , Herrmann R. B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A search technique is applied to determine focal mechanisms from the surface-wave spectral amplitudes of recent earthquakes in the eastern U. S. and Canada. The technique provides the five source parameters of dip, slip, strike, depth, and seismic moment through a combination of criteria requiring best correlation coefficients, least residuals between theoretical and observed spectral-amplitudes and equality between independent seismic moment estimates from Love and Rayleigh wave data.
This technique is applied to eight earthquakes of mb ≈ 5 that occurred in the North American continent in recent years. The focal mechanism results, constrained by P-wave first motions, indicate that near horizontal pressure axes are in the ENE-WSW for the 1982 Miramichi, New Brunswick (Canada) mainshock and one large aftershock (another large aftershock has ESE-WNW P-axis), the 1982 Gaza, New Hampshire mainshock, the 1982 Arkansas mainshock, the 1983 Goodnow, New York mainshock, and the 1986 Perry, Ohio mainshock. On the other hand a near horizontal tension axis in the direction NNE-SSW is found for the 1984 Wyoming mainshock in the western part of North American continent. The results obtained are consistent with the regional stress patterns and generally agree with the solutions of other investigators who used other aspects of the seismic wavefield.
Recurrence Expectation for Earthquakes in Eastern North America South of 50°N Latitude
Authors: Howell B.F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Gumbel’s method of extremes is used to estimate average recurrence intervals for four areas: eastern North America south of 50° N latitude, eastern United States, sixteen seaboard states and nine industrialized states (20, 44, 98 and 250 years, respectively, for magnitude 5.8).
The next large earthquake in eastern North America is likely to occur in a place that has not experienced even a moderate earthquake because past large earthquakes have tended to occur at places with no history of significant earthquakes. The rate of occurrence of very large earthquakes in the eastern United States has been lower for the past 48 years than previously, leading to the expectation that a magnitude 5.8 or larger earthquake may occur somewhere soon.
Crustal Structure Beneath the Atlantic Coastal Plain of South Carolina
Authors: Luetgert James H. , Benz Harley M. , Madabhushi Sriram 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In April, 1991, a northwest-southeast trending 120-km-long seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection profile was recorded across the Atlantic Coastal Plain of South Carolina, the passive margin of the eastern United States formed by Mesozoic extension during the opening of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Two-dimensional ray tracing of first arrivals and reflections indicates large lateral velocity variations in the upper 5 km of the crust. From northwest to southeast along the profile, Coastal Plain sediments thicken from a few tens of meters to more than 1 km. P-wave velocities within the sediments range from 1.85 to 3.5 km s−1, while intercalated basalts have velocities of 5.2–5.5 km s−1. The top of the crystalline basement dips eastward and is characterized by velocities of 6.0–6.2 km s−1. High velocities of 6.2 km s−1 within the crystalline basement are locally restricted to a shallow 25-km-wide zone adjacent and east of the Dunbarton basin. Seismic, gravity and magnetic observations suggest that this anomaly represents a pre-Cretaceous mafic intrusion formed during Mesozoic rifting. Mesozoic rifting is also evident from observed eastward thinning of the crust from 37 to 32 km along the profile.
A comparative study of serum ascitic fluid albumin gradient with ascitic fluid total protein in evaluating the etiology of ascites
Authors: Gopi Manigandan , Hanifah Mohamed 
Published: July 2019

Background: The traditional method of classification of ascites by AFTP offers little insight into the pathophysiology of ascites formation and it has many drawbacks. In order to overcome it, the classification of ascites based on SAAG has emerged. Even SAAG has some draw backs like non correlation with ascites due to non-alcoholic cirrhosis and difficulty in identifying the ascites due to mixed etiology. This study is conducted to compare the diagnostic accuracies of SAAG and AFTP in identifying the pathophysiology of ascites.Methods: A total of fifty patients who were admitted with ascites were included in the study. Ascitic fluid total protein and SAAG were calculated. They were classified on the basis of SAAG into High SAAG and Low SAAG and on the basis of AFTP into Transudate and Exudate. After the etiology of ascites evaluated by various diagnostic procedures, the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of SAAG and AFTP in identifying the pathophysiology of ascites calculated sepereately. The diagnostic accuracies of SAAG and AFTP were compared statistically.Results: The sensitivity of SAAG was found to be 86.84% and that of AFTP 60%. The specificity of SAAG was found to be 83.33% and that of AFTP was found to be 60%. The diagnostic accuracy of SAAG was found to be 86% and that of AFTP was found to be 60%. The diagnostic accuracy of SAAG and AFTP for individual etiologies of ascites were found and compared. SAAG was found to be superior to AFTP with a P value of <0.01 which was statistically significant.Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity of SAAG was superior to AFTP in identifying the etiology of ascites.
L’artisanat dans tous ses états : étude philologique
Authors: Durieux Christine 
Published: July 2019

PRZEGLĄD KONCEPTUALIZACJI POJĘCIA RZEMIOSŁA: ANALIZA FILOLOGICZNA
Artykuł dotyczy samego pojęcia rzemiosła. Zostało ono przedstawione w perspektywie diachronicznej, poczynając od łacińskiego pochodzenia tego leksemu, następnie jego ewolucji na przestrzeni dziejów, potwierdzonej odpowiednimi danymi leksykograficznymi, zamieszczonymi w następujących po sobie wydaniach Dictionnaire de l’Académie française (Słownika Akademii Francuskiej). Na każdym etapie opisu podany jest objaśniający je kontekst kulturowy. Ostatnią fazę badań stanowi usytuowane tytułowego zagadnienia we właściwych dla niego ramach administracyjnych, aby wydobyć z niego aktualny zakres oraz odpowiedzieć na pytanie: czym dzisiaj jest rzemiosło? Terminy nazywające to pojęcie są w artykule ujmowane w ich odniesieniach do rzeczywistości.
L’artisanat dans tous ses états : étude philologique
Le présent développement s’intéresse à la notion-même d’artisanat. D’abord présentée dans une perspective diachronique à partir de son origine latine, puis suivant son évolution au cours des siècles, attestée par les éditions successives du Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, cette notion est explicitée à chaque étape par son environnement culturel. Elle est replacée finalement dans son cadre administratif afin d’en cerner le périmètre actuel, et de répondre à la question : qu’est-ce que l’artisanat aujourd’hui ? Les termes en concurrence sont envisagés dans leurs relations à la réalité.
Containerisation in the Baltic Sea Region: Development, Characteristics and Contemporary Organisation
Authors: Serry Arnaud 
Published: July 2019

The main focus of the paper is on the container system development in the Baltic Sea Region studying cotemporary changes and organisation, as well as explaining the main driving forces of this situation.
The Baltic Sea is a transport corridor between Eastern and Western Europe. Over the last decade maritime transport in the Baltic Sea area has changed significantly. The disintegration of the Soviet Union forced Russia to start developing its own Baltic ports and terminals and to find new routes to export its oil and gas. The Baltic ports have welcomed a remarkable growth, especially in oil transportation and containerised flows.
The geographical configuration of the region naturally places it away from major global shipping lines. This situation is accentuated by the organisation of maritime regular lines, centred in Northern European ports. For this reason, the regional container network is mainly made up of feeder services.
La consolidación de la educación pública brasileña en el estado de Mato Grosso (1889-1908)
Authors: Vieira Campos Ferreira Nilce , Montes Geles Yesica Paola 
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo examinar el fortalecimiento de la educación pública mato-grossense en el periodo de 1889-1908, a través del análisis de las legislaciones gubernamentales descritas en los informes emitidos por los responsables de la educación pública en dicho tiempo. Para ello, se plantearon dos preguntas base que orientaron el análisis: ¿hubo consonancia entre la defensa de la escuela pública moderna y el modelo de escuela establecida en Cuiabá, capital del estado de Mato Grosso?; y ¿las escuelas públicas cuiabanas fueron subsidiadas con los materiales y la infraestructura adecuados para el desarrollo de actividades en el aula? Se utilizaron, como origen de la información, las fuentes históricas oficiales, tanto como los mensajes de los presidentes estatales, las leyes o los decretos relacionados con la educación pública primaria y los informes de la educación pública desde 1889 hasta 1908. Gracias al estudio se concluye que, en 1889, año de la proclamación de la República de Brasil, persistían los problemas existentes en las escuelas de Mato Grosso como la precariedad y la falta de recursos para la enseñanza, así como falta de profesionales cualificados, temas que fueron expuestos repetidamente en los mensajes emitidos por el gobierno.
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Newenkonchi Brasil komgen kimeltuwün zugu feyti Mato Grosso xokiñ mapu mew (1889-1908)
PIKÜNOGETUN
Tüfa chi chijka mew ta malügeay ñi tukunewengen kimeltuwün zugu mato-grossense mew 1889-1908 xipantu, günezuamgen mew ta chem norgünen zugu mew feypilu ta pu koneltulu chijka xipalu fey chi mew.
Fey mew ta azkünugey epu ramtun inayael ta günezuam zugu: ¿müley tutewün zugu igkan chijkatuwe ruka pública moderna egu chumgen ta chijkatuwe ruka mülekefel Cuiabá, capital del estado Mato Grosso mew?; ka ¿chijkatuwe ruka pública cuiabanas elugepeygün fijem ka küme ruka kimeltuam kiñe wejin mew?. Tüfachi zugu nentugey kuyfike zugu mew chempin ta presidentes estatales, norgünen zugu mew kam decretos koneltulelu ta pública kimeltuwün ka fey tüfey chi chijka zugu xipalu 1889-1908 xipantu mew. Zewman mew tüfa chi küzaw kimgey ta 1889 xipantu mew, fey chi xipantu anümgelu República de Brasil, mülekefuy zewma ta wezake zugu chijkatuwe ruka Mato Grosso mew, müley warun, gelay chemkün kimeltucheam, ka gelay kümeke kimeltuchefe, fey chi ke zugu afkentu feypi ta pu günenielu fey chi mew.
Zichul zugun: Revista historia de la educación latinoamericana; descentralización de la educación; instrucción pública; chumlefuy kuyfi kimeltuwün Mato Grosso mew.
Antioxidant Effect of Kenitu leaf Etanol Extract (Chrysophyllum Cainito L.) on Wistar Rat Induced Cyclophosphamid
Authors: Pramudito Ekvan Danang Setya , Efendi Erfan , Shodikin Muhammad Ali 
Published: July 2019

Recently, cancer is globally the second highest cause of death with a total death about 8.8 million in 2015. There are some therapy of cancer, one of them by using cyclophosphamid chemotherapy, but this regimen has side effects of bone marrow depression through its active metabolite of 4 hydroxy cyclophpsphamid and increase ROS which will effect on serum MDA elevation. Increased MDA serum can be prevented by giving an antioxidant or plants that have various antioxidants, such as kenitu leaves. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of antioxidants in kenitu leaves (Chrysophyllum cainito L.)) extract to MDA serum leves of cyclophosphamid-induced mice. This study used quasi experimental method with post test only controlled group design by using 1 normal control group, 1 negative control group (cyclophosphamid), and 5 treatment groups (dose of extract 50mg/kgBW; 100mg/kgBW; 200mg/kgBW; 400mg/kgBB; and 800mg / kgBW). The results of the treatment group dose 100mg/kgBB showed the average of MDA serum levels was 1.94 μg/mL which is the highest decrease in this study. The result of Kendall Tau correlation test showed the effect of kenitu leaves extract to MDA serum level had p = 0.013 and correlation coefficient = 0.431.

Keywords: kenitu leaf etanol extract, cyclophosphamid, MDA serum