bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome predictors of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: Single‐center experience in a lower‐middle‐income country
Authors: Abdalla Amr , Hammad Mahmoud , Hafez Hanafy , Zaghloul Mohamed Saad , Taha Hala , El‐Hennawy Gihan , El‐Wakeel Madeeha , Khaled Mohamed , Mohamed Yasmin , El‐Haddad Alaa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adolescents with HL have excellent long‐term survival exceeding 95% after combined modality treatment. However, about 20% will either relapse or have PRF. Salvage HDCT followed by AHSCT is considered to be the preferential treatment.ObjectiveTo describe the outcome (OS and EFS) and prognostic factors in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory HL (r/rHL) who underwent AHSCT.MethodsWe retrospectively included 43 pediatric patients with r/rHL who underwent AHSCT from July 1, 2007, till December 31, 2016, at the Children's Cancer Hospital of Egypt. MAC regimen given was CMV.ResultsOf the whole cohort, 88.4% of patients achieved CR, while 11.6% had a positive PET scan prior to transplantation. The 3‐year OS and EFS were 85% and 70.6%, respectively. The 3‐year OS for patients > 10 years was 94% versus 65.5% for patients 10 years of age or younger (P = 0.046). There is strong tendency toward better 3‐year OS for patients with negative PET scan as compared to those with positive PET scan before AHSCT, 89.4% vs 60%, respectively (P = 0.059). This tendency is also applicable when looking at the 3‐year EFS for the two groups, 78.3% vs 40%, respectively (P = 0.069).ConclusionPoor predictors of OS were younger age and positive PET scan before AHSCT. The latter, along with single modality treatment before AHSCT, were poor predictors of EFS.
Apical membrane protein 1‐specific antibody profile and temporal changes in peripheral blood B‐cell populations in Plasmodium vivax malaria
Authors: Soares Roberta Reis , Cunha Clarissa F. , Ferraz‐Nogueira Raquel , Marins‐dos‐Santos Alessandro , Rodrigues‐da‐Silva Rodrigo Nunes , da Silva Soares Irene , da Costa Lima‐Junior Josué , Bertho Alvaro Luiz , Ferreira Marcelo Urbano , Scopel Kézia Katiani Gorza 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum‐specific antibodies tend to be short‐lived, but their cognate memory B cells (MBCs) circulate in the peripheral blood of exposed subjects for several months or years after the last infection. However, the time course of antigen‐specific antibodies and B‐cell responses to the relatively neglected parasite Plasmodium vivax remains largely unexplored. Here, we showed that uncomplicated vivax malaria elicits short‐lived antibodies but long‐lived MBC responses to a major blood‐stage P vivax antigen, apical membrane protein 1 (PvAMA‐1), in subjects exposed to declining malaria transmission in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. We found that atypical (CD19+CD10−CD21−CD27−) MBCs, which appear to share a common precursor with classical MBCs but are unable to differentiate into antibody‐secreting cells, significantly outnumbered classical MBCs by 5:1 in the peripheral blood of adult subjects currently or recently infected with P vivax and by 3:1 in healthy residents in the same endemic communities. We concluded that malaria can drive classical MBCs to differentiate into functionally impaired MBCs not only in subjects repeatedly exposed to P falciparum, but also in subjects living in areas with low levels of P vivax transmission in the Amazon, leading to an impaired B‐cell memory that may affect both naturally acquired and vaccine‐induced immunity.
Naturalness constraints on best systems accounts of laws
Authors: Hildebrand Tyler 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAccording to best systems accounts, laws of nature are generalizations in the best systematization of particular matters of fact. Metrics such as simplicity and strength determine which systematization is best, but these are notoriously language relative. For this reason, David Lewis proposed a constraint on languages of inquiry: all predicates must be natural. This constraint is sometimes interpreted as requiring us to know which natural properties are instantiated in our world prior to scientific theorizing. I argue that this interpretation is incorrect. I provide a better interpretation and show how it undercuts an influential epistemological objection to Lewis's best systems account of laws due to Bas van Fraassen.
Strategies to augment adherence in the management of sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Sunwoo Bernie Y. , Light Matthew , Malhotra Atul 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is highly effective in treating sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). However, unlike surgical interventions, this treatment modality relies heavily on patient acceptance and adherence. The current definition of adherence is largely arbitrary and is mainly used by third‐party payers to determine CPAP reimbursement but CPAP adherence remains sub‐optimal. Strategies to augment adherence, especially early in the course of a CPAP trial, are needed in the management of SDB. An understanding of the basis for observed differences in CPAP and oral appliance (OA) use is necessary in developing these strategies, but to date no single factor has been consistently identified. Consequently, a multidimensional approach using educational, behavioural, technological and potentially pharmacological strategies to target (i) disease characteristics, (ii) patient characteristics including psychosocial factors, (iii) treatment protocols and (iv) technological devices and side effects that may influence adherence, is likely required to augment the complex behaviour of CPAP and OA use. In the near future, we envision a personalized medicine approach to determine the risk of non‐adherence and set individualized adherence goals aimed at treating specific symptoms (e.g. excessive daytime sleepiness) and reducing the risk of patient‐specific SDB consequences (e.g. atherosclerosis). Resources for interventions to improve adherence such as educational programmes and telemedicine encounters could then be more efficiently allocated.
A provenance metadata model integrating ISO geospatial lineage and the OGC WPS: Conceptual model and implementation
Authors: Closa Guillem , Masó Joan , Zabala Alaitz , Pesquer Lluís , Pons Xavier 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNowadays, there are still some gaps in the description of provenance metadata. These gaps prevent the capture of comprehensive provenance, useful for reuse and reproducibility. In addition, the lack of automated tools for capturing provenance hinders the broad generation and compilation of provenance information. This work presents a provenance engine (PE) that captures and represents provenance information using a combination of the Web Processing Service (WPS) standard and the ISO 19115 geospatial lineage model. The PE, developed within the MiraMon GIS & RS software, automatically records detailed information about sources and processes. The PE also includes a metadata editor that shows a graphical representation of the provenance and allows users to complement provenance information by adding missing processes or deleting redundant process steps or sources, thus building a consistent geospatial workflow. One use case is presented to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the PE: the generation of a radiometric pseudo‐invariant areas bench for the Iberian Peninsula. This remote‐sensing use case shows how provenance can be automatically captured, also in a non‐sequential complex flow, and its essential role in the automation and replication tasks in work with very large amounts of geospatial data.
GmWRKY54 improves drought tolerance through activating genes in abscisic acid and Ca2+ signaling pathways in transgenic soybean
Authors: Wei Wei , Liang Da‐Wei , Bian Xiao‐Hua , Shen Ming , Xiao Jian‐Hui , Zhang Wan‐Ke , Ma Biao , Lin Qing , Lv Jian , Chen Xi , Chen Shou‐Yi , Zhang Jin‐Song 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWRKY transcription factors play important roles in response to various abiotic stresses. Previous study have proved that soybean GmWRKY54 can improve stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Here, we generated soybean transgenic plants and further investigated roles and biological mechanisms of GmWRKY54 in response to drought stress. We demonstrated that expression of GmWRKY54, driven by either a constitutive promoter (pCm) or a drought‐induced promoter (RD29a), confers drought tolerance. GmWRKY54 is a transcriptional activator and affects a large number of stress‐related genes as revealed by RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and co‐expression network analysis, together with measurement of physiological parameters, supported the idea that GmWRKY54 enhances stomatal closure to reduce water loss, and therefore confers drought tolerance in soybean. GmWRKY54 directly binds to the promoter regions of genes including PYL8, SRK2A, CIPK11 and CPK3 and activates them. Therefore GmWRKY54 achieves its function through abscisic acid (ABA) and Ca2+ signaling pathways. It is valuable that GmWRKY54 activates an ABA receptor and an SnRK2 kinase in the upstream position, unlike other WRKY proteins that regulate downstream genes in the ABA pathway. Our study revealed the role of GmWRKY54 in drought tolerance and further manipulation of this gene should improve growth and production in soybean and other legumes/crops under unfavorable conditions.
Reevaluating immunization delays after red blood cell transfusion
Authors: Zabeida Alexandra , Lebel Marc H. , Renaud Christian , Cloutier Marc , Robitaille Nancy 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUNDCurrent American and Canadian guidelines recommend delaying live vaccine immunization by 5 to 6 months after transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) due to potential interference by serum antibodies. Due to lack of data, the recommendations may be unfounded and prevent valuable vaccination opportunities for children with frequent blood transfusions. The primary aim of this study was to determine measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine immunogenicity in patients chronically transfused with RBCs. A secondary aim was to quantify vaccine antibodies in RBC donations.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSMMR‐specific antibodies were quantified in 25 pediatric patients who received both doses of MMR vaccine while on a chronic RBC transfusion program (median, 6.6 years after vaccination). MMR antibodies were also quantified in 30 samples of supernatants from RBC donations.RESULTSImmunity to each of the MMR components was 68% to 76%. In blood donors born before 1976 (pre‐MMR vaccine), 67% of MMR serologies in the supernatants of RBC donations were at the immune level versus 7% in blood donors born after 1976.CONCLUSIONThis is the first study of the impact of RBC transfusions on MMR vaccine immunogenicity. Although lower than in the literature (immunity rates, ≥90%), the results show a high rate of immunogenicity of the MMR vaccine in chronically transfused patients. Additionally, results suggest that MMR antibody content in transfusions will continue to decrease with time. Weighing the risks and benefits of disease prevention in a vulnerable population, a reevaluation of immunization delays after RBC transfusions is called for.
Ex vivo comparison of intradermal closures with conventional monofilament suture vs unidirectional barbed suture in dogs
Authors: Regier Penny J. , Smeak Daniel D. , McGilvray Kirk C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the mechanical properties, strength, and quality of seal provided by continuous intradermal suture lines closed with barbed suture vs monofilament suture.Study designExperimental study.Sample populationForty‐eight full‐thickness wounds in canine cadavers.MethodsFour‐centimeter‐long parasagittal cutaneous wounds were created in canine cadavers. Each intradermal closure was closed with smooth monofilament suture and terminated with a 2 + 1 Aberdeen knot (n = 24) or a unidirectional barbed suture terminated with a single end pass (n = 24). Wounds (n = 12/group) were harvested, and a servohydraulic machine applied tensile load perpendicular to the long axis of the suture line. A load–displacement curve was generated; maximum load, displacement, stiffness, and mode of construct failure were recorded. Harvested wounds were placed in a watertight construct to measure the volume of fluid leaking over 3 minutes at 1.0 ± 0.1 psi.ResultsStiffness did not differ between constructs (P > .05). Incisions closed with monofilament sutures sustained higher maximum load (311.21 N ± 87.40) and displacement at failure (21.19 mm ± 4.51) compared with those with barbed sutures (116.38 N ± 42.82 and 15.03 mm ± 2.32, respectively, P < .05). Closures with monofilament sutures leaked more (4.38 mL ± 7.90) compared with those with barbed sutures (0.15 mL ± 0.43, P < .05).ConclusionMonofilament sutures resulted in stronger constructs, whereas barbed suture constructs provided a better watertight seal.Clinical significanceWhile unidirectional barbed sutures may improve watertight skin closure, surgeons should consider using conventional monofilament sutures when mechanical strength of the closure is of primary concern.
Akermanite bioceramic enhances wound healing with accelerated reepithelialization by promoting proliferation, migration, and stemness of epidermal cells
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Wang Xiaoya , Ma Kui , Zhang Cuiping , Chang Jiang , Fu Xiaobing 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTReepithelialization is an important step of wound healing, which is mainly completed by proliferation and migration of epidermal cells. Akermanite is a Ca‐, Mg‐, and Si‐containing bioceramic. This study evaluated the effects of Akermanite on wound healing and investigated the mechanisms. Using scald burn mice models, we demonstrated that local Akermanite treatment significantly accelerated wound healing by increasing reepithelialization and the stemness of epidermal cells. Epidermal cells were cultured in medium containing Akermanite extracts to explore the cellular mechanism of reepithelialization. Akermanite promoted the cell proliferation and migration, maintaining more cells in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. An additional study showed that Akermanite enhanced the expressions of integrinβ1, Lgr4, Lgr5, and Lgr6, which are specific molecular markers of epidermal stem cells, accompanied by the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. These results suggested that Akermanite accelerated reepithelialization by increasing the proliferation, migration, and stemness of epidermal cells in a manner related to the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, which might contribute, at least partially, to accelerated wound healing by Akermanite therapy.
μ‐Opioid receptor signalling via PI3K/Akt pathway ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Ji Suzhen , Wang Leilei 
Published: July 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The aim was to investigate the role of μ‐opioid receptors in acute respiratory distress syndrome and whether their protective effect is mediated via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Our findings show that activation of μ‐opioid receptors ameliorates lung injury, and the effects are reversed by the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin.

AbstractThe main pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lung and increased permeability of vascular endothelial cells. The μ‐opioid receptor (MOR) is a G‐protein‐coupled receptor, which stimulates angiogenesis and vascular endothelial cell proliferation. In addition, the MOR inhibits cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. In this study, we aimed to explore the contribution of the MOR in ARDS and whether its effects are mediated via PI3K/Akt signalling. An ARDS model was established by intratracheal instillation of 5 mg kg−1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lung injury was confirmed by Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, lung wet/dry weight ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentrations, myeloperoxidase activity and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression. Lung inflammation was determined by assessment of interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α concentrations. The protein level of p‐Akt was detected by western blot. Endomorphin‐1‐activated MORs attenuated LPS‐induced lung injury, lung wet/dry weight ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentrations, myeloperoxidase activity, interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α levels and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression, and elevated LPS‐induced decreased p‐Akt expression. However, the protective effect of MOR activation on lung injury was reversed by the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin. In conclusion, MOR involvement in LPS‐induced ARDS is via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Matrix Fourier optics enables a compact full-Stokes polarization camera
Authors: Rubin Noah A. , D’Aversa Gabriele , Chevalier Paul , Shi Zhujun , Chen Wei Ting , Capasso Federico 
Published: July 2019

A metasurface polarization cameraImaging the polarization of light scattered from an object provides an additional degree of freedom for gaining information from a scene. Conventional polarimeters can be bulky and usually consist of mechanically moving parts (with a polarizer and analyzer setup rotating to reveal the degree of polarization). Rubinet al.designed a metasurface-based full-Stokes compact polarization camera without conventional polarization optics and without moving parts. The results provide a simplified route for polarization imaging.Science, this issue p.eaax1839
Seizure frequency, healthcare resource utilisation and mortality in childhood epilepsy: a retrospective cohort study using the THIN database
Authors: Myland Melissa , Buysse Brian , Tsong Wan , Power G Sarah , Nordli Douglas , Chin Richard F M 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo understand the association of seizure frequency with healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and mortality in UK children with epilepsy (CWE).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingRoutinely collected data in primary care from The Health Improvement Network UK database.PatientsCWE ≥1 and<18 years of age with a record of seizure frequency were included in mortality analyses from 2005 to 2015 and HCRU analyses from 2010 to 2015.Main outcome measuresFrequency of HCRU contacts during the year following latest seizure frequency and mortality (descriptive and Cox proportional hazards regression) from first record of seizure frequency.ResultsHigher seizure frequency was related to increased HCRU utilisation and mortality. In negative binomial regression, each category increase in seizure frequency related to 11% more visits to general practitioners, 35% more inpatient admissions, 15% more outpatient visits and increased direct HCRU costs (24%). 11 patients died during 12 490 patient-years follow-up. The unadjusted HR of mortality per higher category of seizure frequency was 2.56 (95% CI: 1.52 to 4.31). Adjustment for age and number of prescribed anti-epileptic drugs at index attenuated this estimate to 2.11 (95% CI: 1.24 to 3.60).ConclusionHigher seizure frequency is associated with greater HCRU and mortality in CWE in the UK. Improvement in seizure control may potentially lead to better patient outcomes and reduced healthcare use.
Binocular game versus part-time patching for treatment of anisometropic amblyopia in Chinese children: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Yao Jing , Moon Hye-Won , Qu Xiaomei 
Published: July 2019

AimsTo compare amblyopic-eye visual acuity (VA) and binocularity improvement of a binocular game with part-time patching in the treatment of Chinese children with anisometropic amblyopia.Methods103 Chinese children aged 3–13 years with anisometropic amblyopia were recruited in a randomised clinical trial. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to the binocular, patching and combined groups. Primary outcome was amblyopic-eye VA improvement at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included reduction of suppression and change of stereoacuity.ResultsOf 85 completed participants, 44 (52%) were women and mean (SD) age was 5.99 (2.33) years. At 3 months, mean (95% CI) amblyopic-eye VA improved 0.18 (0.10–0.26), 0.28 (0.19–0.36) and 0.30 (0.21–0.39) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution in the binocular, patching and combined groups, respectively. After adjusting for baseline VA, the difference was statistically significant (F=6.29, p=0.003), favouring as follows: the combined group, the patching group and the binocular group. After treatment, Titmus (x2binocular=9.75, p=0.007; x2combined=9.35, p=0.009) and dynamic stereoacuity (x2binocular=12.56, p=0.01; x2combined=12.66, p=0.01) improved only in the binocular and combined groups. Among groups, only Titmus improvement differed significantly (F=49.55, p<0.001). Changes of other types of stereoacuity and interocular suppression were similar.ConclusionsThe binocular game used in this study could improve amblyopic-eye VA and binocularity in Chinese children with anisometropic amblyopia, but it was less effective than patching in amblyopic-eye VA improvement and showed no superiority in binocularity over patching. It remains unclear whether the low treatment response of this binocular game was due to limitations of the study or its low treatment effect.
Long-term outcome of low-cost glaucoma drainage device (Aurolab aqueous drainage implant) compared with Ahmed glaucoma valve
Authors: Pandav Surinder Singh , Seth Natasha Gautam , Thattaruthody Faisal , Kaur Manpreet , Akella Madhuri , Vats Abhinav , Kaushik Sushmita , Raj Srishti 
Published: July 2019

PurposeTo compare the long-term outcome of Aurolab aqueous drainage device (AADI) and Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV).MethodRetrospective analysis of patients with refractory glaucoma who underwent AGV (AGV-FP7) and AADI (AADI Model 350) implantation. The outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), requirement of antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) and re-surgery for IOP control. The postoperative complications were classified as early (≤3 months), intermediate (>3 months to ≤1 year) or late (>1 year).Results173 patients (189 eyes) underwent AGV implantation (AGV Group) while 201 patients (206 eyes) underwent AADI implantation (AADI group). The IOP in AADI group was significantly lower than AGV group at all time points till 2 years and comparable at 3 years. AADI group had significantly higher number of AGM in preoperative period and significantly lower number in postoperative period till 3 years compared with AGV group. AADI group had more hypotony-related complications but statistically insignificant (p = 0.07). The surgical interventions were significantly higher in AGV (n = 18) compared with AADI group (n = 5) in late postoperative period (p = 0.01). At 3 years, overall success was seen in 58.18% in AGV and 73.08% in AADI group (p = 0.15). Complete success was seen in 7.27% patients in AGV and 25.00% patients in AADI group (p = 0.02).ConclusionBoth AADI and AGV implant had comparable mean IOP at 3 years with lesser requirement of AGM in the AADI group. Both procedures appear to be safe with slight preponderance of hypotony-related complications in AADI group.