bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycans in the roles of parasitological diagnosis and host–parasite interplay
Authors: Veríssimo Carolina De Marco , Graeff-Teixeira Carlos , Jones Malcolm K. , Morassutti Alessandra L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe investigation of the glycan repertoire of several organisms has revealed a wide variation in terms of structures and abundance of glycan moieties. Among the parasites, it is possible to observe different sets of glycoconjugates across taxa and developmental stages within a species. The presence of distinct glycoconjugates throughout the life cycle of a parasite could relate to the ability of that organism to adapt and survive in different hosts and environments. Carbohydrates on the surface, and in excretory-secretory products of parasites, play essential roles in host–parasite interactions. Carbohydrate portions of complex molecules of parasites stimulate and modulate host immune responses, mainly through interactions with specific receptors on the surface of dendritic cells, leading to the generation of a pattern of response that may benefit parasite survival. Available data reviewed here also show the frequent aspect of parasite immunomodulation of mammalian responses through specific glycan interactions, which ultimately makes these molecules promising in the fields of diagnostics and vaccinology.
Personally salient, emotionally negative task contexts provoke goal neglect in depression
Authors: Werner-Seidler Aliza , Dahm Theresa , Golden Ann-Marie , Manly Tom , Dalgleish Tim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundGoal neglect refers to a dissociation between intended and actual action. Although commonly associated with frontal brain damage, this phenomenon is also characteristic of clinical depression. To date, tests of goal neglect typically require individuals to switch between subtasks populated with neutral stimuli. This study examined the impact of affective and personally salient stimulus contexts on goal neglect in clinical depression.MethodsParticipants were randomly allocated to either positively or negatively-valenced versions of the Affective Six Elements Test (A-SET). We hypothesised that depressed individuals (n= 30) would exhibit an overall impairment in A-SET performance by neglecting entire subtasks and allocating suboptimal time to each task, relative to never-depressed peers (n= 30), with effects being strongest for the negatively-valenced version.ResultsFindings showed that depressed individuals exhibited specific deficits, relative to controls on these measures in the negative A-SET only, with a magnitude comparable to that found in brain injured patients.ConclusionsIndividuals with depression are impaired in their ability to monitor performance and implement strategies that are optimal for the purpose of pursuing an overarching goal when the task context is negatively-valenced. Potential mechanisms are discussed.
The Body in the Ditch: Alternative Funerary Practices on the Northern Frontier of the Roman Empire?
Authors: Buck Trudi , Greene Elizabeth M. , Meyer Alexander , Barlow Victoria , Graham Eleanor 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTDisarticulated human remains were recovered from a first-century fort ditch at Vindolanda on the north-west frontier of the Roman Empire. Ancient DNA analysis revealed the skeleton to be that of a male individual and forensic taphonomic analysis suggested a primary deposition of the body in a waterlogged environment with no obvious evidence of formal burial. Occurrences of disarticulated human remains outside a cemetery context are often overlooked in Roman bioarchaeology. This discovery adds to the growing body of literature regarding alternative funerary practice in the Empire, highlighting that the concept of burial and disposal of the dead is more complex than ancient historical sources suggest. Details of the DNA analysis are provided in the Supplementary Material available athttps://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X1900014X.
Bargaining over maternity pay: evidence from UK universities
Authors: Epifanio Mariaelisa , Troeger Vera E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe generosity of maternity pay has been shown to be an important factor for mothers’ attachment to the labour market. In the UK, we can observe that the generosity of maternity leaves across universities varies greatly: some universities top up the statutory maternity pay with longer and better paid leaves, others are either less generous or only entitle academic women to the legal minimum. We want to understand why this is the case. Therefore, this article examines both theoretically and empirically how higher education employers decide about the generosity of the offered occupational maternity pay. We use a bargaining approach to model the supply and demand side of generous maternity benefits in universities with different characteristics and test the implications with a generalised negative binomial model. We find that universities’ income does not account for this variation while differences in terms of costs and benefits for employers do. Most importantly, our results show that more research intense universities with a higher previous share of female professors provide more generous maternity pay. We offer a range of explanations for these findings.
Gail M. Williamson, David R. Schaffer, and Patricia A. Parmelee, (Eds.). Physical Illness and Depression in Older Adults: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Practice. New York: Plenum, 2000.
Authors: Cappeliez Philippe , Rivard Vicky 
Published: May 2019

RÉSUMÉCet ouvrage nous aide à mieux comprendre les relations complexes entre la santé physique et la dépression au sein de la population âgée. Les parties les plus intéressantes du livre s'attachent à discuter de l'influence de variables potentiellement responsables de la médiation des liens bidirectionnels entre la santé physique et la dépression chez les aîné(e)s, et des implications de ces découvertes pour une meilleure identification et des traitements plus adéquats de la dépression parmi les patient(e)s médicaux(ales) âgé(e)s. Malgré une organisation des chapitres qui laisse à désirer une perspective nettement médicale sur le sujet, cet ouvrage représente une contribution importante à notre compréhension de la dépression à l'âge adulte avancé.
Phyllis Braudy Harris (Ed.). The Person with Alzheimer Disease: Pathways to Understanding the Experience. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
Authors: Jonas-Simpson Christine 
Published: May 2019

RÉSUMÉIl est grand temps, essentiel en fait, que nous accordions toute l'importance qu'il mérite au témoignage des personnes atteintes de démence. Cet ouvrage, s'appuyant sur le point de vue des personnes qui vivent avec la maladie, vient enrichir la masse croissante de connaissances sur la démence. Pour répondre à la question « Comment vit-on chaque jour avec une maladie mentale comme la maladie d'Alzheimer (MA)? », l'auteure choisit de donner la parole à des personnes atteintes de démence. L'ouvrage reconnaît la contribution de ces personnes au corpus de connaissances sur la démence, il relate leur expérience et dénonce les stigmates associés à la maladie: à savoir que ces personnes sont des coquilles vides qui représentent un fardeau pour la société. Au contraire, nous dit l'auteure, ce sont elles les « vrais experts », et nous devons les écouter. Cet ouvrage est un outil indispensable pour tous les fournisseurs de services de santé et ceux qui s'occupent de personnes atteintes de démence, mais aussi pour les enseignants, les chercheurs, les décideurs et le personnel des sociétés d'Alzheimer. Ceux qui vivent avec la démence auront le sentiment d'être compris en lisant le récit d'autres personnes dans leur situation. L'ouvrage apporte une contribution précieuse à la recherche sur la démence, il nous fait mieux comprendre la maladie du point de vue des « experts » – ceux qui vivent avec la démence.
Crisis Clever System (CCS) – tracking experience of crisis management for decision support
Authors: Loriette Sophie , Matta Nada , Sediri Mohamed , Hugerot Alain 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDuring a crisis situation, the ability of emergency department to take reliable and quick decisions is the main feature that defines the success or failure of this organization in the course of its crisis management. Decision makers spend time on identifying the decisions that will be taken for the whole of the crisis management, and on anticipating the preparation of these decisions, ensuring that they have time to properly prepare all decisions to be taken and, be able to implement them as fast as possible. However, the context and the characteristics of the crisis make the decision process complicated because there is no specific methodology to anticipate these decisions and properly manage collaboration with the other protagonists. There is also the pressure of time, a significant stress and, the emotional impact on the decision maker that lead to losing objectivity in decision making. We understand so that the right decision will be greatly facilitated and enhanced by the development of an adequate tool and process for decision-making. This tool must respect methods of the emergency department considered, and highlight the importance of experience feedback referencing to past cases, especially success and failures. We propose in this paper, software in order to handle experience feedback as a support for decision-making in crisis management “Crisis Clever System”. Several dimensions are considered in this study, from one side: organization, communication and problem-solving activities and from the other side the presentation and finding of experience feedback thanks to an analogy technique.
Rheumatic fever in the 21st century
Authors: Mota Cleonice 
Published: May 2019

In this issue of the Journal, we publish three important papers concerned with rheumatic fever. So as to put these contributions in their world-wide perspective, I asked Cleonice Mota, a member of our Editorial Board, if she would prepare the “From the Editor” section for this issue. It is our pleasure to publish her thoughtful introduction, and we thank her for her continuing efforts on our behalf.Robert H. Anderson
Criteria for judging the improvement in subclinical rheumatic valvitis
Authors: Karaaslan Sevim , Demirören Saadet , Oran Bülent , Baysal Tamer , Başpinar Osman , Uçar Canan 
Published: May 2019

Recent technical improvements in cross-sectional echocardiography have made it possible to detect even mild organic regurgitation of the mitral and aortic valves in patients with acute rheumatic fever. To determine the prevalence and prognosis of subclinical valvitis, we have analyzed 104 patients with acute rheumatic fever referred to our institution. Of 53 patients who had no murmur, 22 of them with polyarthritis, 29 with chorea, and 2 with polyarthritis and chorea, 23 (43.4%) had subclinical valvitis. Isolated mitral regurgitation was the most common valvar lesion, seen in 82.6% of the patients. Isolated aortic regurgitation was detected in 4.4% of the cases, and combined mitral and aortic regurgitation in the remaining 13%. During follow-up, the degree of mitral regurgitation improved in 59.1%, decreased in 18.2%, and increased or remained unchanged in 22.7% according to the length of colour jet. According to criterions of velocity, mitral regurgitation improved in 86.4% of the patients, and increased or unchanged in the remaining 13.6%. Mitral regurgitation disappeared completely in 6 of the patients (27.3%) as judged according to both the length of colour jet and the velocity of regurgitation. Aortic regurgitation improved in all the patients with this problem, disappearing completely in two of the four.Based on this experience, we suggest that not only the disappearance of regurgitation, but also improvements in the echocardiographic diagnostic criterions of regurgitation, such as the length of the colour jet less than 1 cm, or velocity less than 2.5 m/s, or indicative of regurgitation that is either intermittent or of short duration, should also be considered as criterions indicating improvement in valvar regurgitation in patients with subclinical rheumatic valvitis.
Circulating blood volumes in pulmonary hypertension associated with erythrocytosis – the effects of therapeutic hemodilution
Authors: Gonçalves Rilvani C. , Buschpigell Carlos Alberto , Lopes Antonio Augusto 
Published: May 2019

In the Eisenmenger syndrome, indirect estimation of blood volumes may provide quite inaccurate information when seeking to define therapeutic strategies. With this in mind, we analyzed directly the red cell mass, plasma volume, and total blood volume in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital cardiac defects and erythrocytosis, comparing the results with the respective estimated volumes, and examining the changes induced by therapeutic hemodilution.Thus, we studied 17 patients with the Eisenmenger syndrome, aged from 15 to 53 years, in the basal condition, studying 12 of them both before and after hemodilution. We also investigated five individuals with minimal cardiac lesions, aged from 14 to 42 years, as controls. Red cell mass and plasma volumes were measured using [51 chromium]-sodium chromate and [131iodine]-albumin respectively. Hemodilution was planned so as to exchange 10% of the total blood volume, using 40,000 molecular weight dextran simultaneously to replace the removed volume. The mean values of the red cell mass, plasma volume and total blood volume as assessed by radionuclide techniques were 32%, 31% and 32% higher than the respective volumes as estimated using empirical mathematical formulas (p < 0.002). The measured total blood volume was also 19% higher in the patients compared with controls. Following a period of 5 days after hemodilution, we noted a 13% reduction in red cell mass (p = 0.046), and 10% reduction in total blood volume (p = 0.02), albeit with no changes in the plasma volume.We conclude that direct measurement of blood volumes is useful for proper management of these patients, and provides results that are considerably different from those obtained by empirical estimations.
Addressing Adolescent Mental Health after Disasters: The Critical Role of Chronic Stressors
Authors: Newnham Elizabeth , Gao Xue , Nathan Elizabeth , Boyes Mark , Jiao Feng , Guragain Bhushan , Leaning Jennifer 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Prolonged conditions of chronic stress have the potential to cause mental health difficulties and disrupt developmental processes for children and adolescents. Natural disasters disproportionately affect low-resource areas, yet little is known about the interaction between trauma exposure, chronic stressors, and mental health.Aim:To determine the rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety among adolescents affected by earthquakes in China and Nepal, and examine the specific roles of trauma exposure and chronic stressors across the three mental health outcomes.Methods:A school-based, cross-sectional study of 4,215 adolescents (53% female, ages 15-19 years) was conducted in disaster-affected areas of southern China and Nepal. Participants completed a series of translated and culturally adapted standardized assessments. Mixed effects logistic regression analyses were conducted for each mental health outcome.Results:The overall rate of PTSD was 22.7% and was higher among Nepalese participants (China: 19.4% vs. Nepal: 26.8%, p<0.001), but did not differ between genders (China: p=0.087 and Nepal: p=0.758). In both countries, the level of trauma exposure was a significant risk factor for PTSD, depression, and anxiety (China: OR’s 1.09-1.18 and Nepal: OR’s 1.08-1.13). Chronic stressors significantly improved the model and further contributed to mental health outcomes (China: OR’s 1.23-1.26 and Nepal: OR’s 1.10-1.23). Multilevel risk and protective factors across all mental health outcomes will be presented.Discussion:While there are limited opportunities to protect adolescents from disaster exposure, there is significant potential to address the effects of ongoing economic insecurity, domestic violence, and school cessation that are likely to worsen mental health outcomes. Programs that identify chronic stressors for adolescents in disaster-affected settings, and work to address poverty and violence, will have cascading effects for mental health, development, and security.
Examining the National Profile of Chronic Disaster Health Risks in Australia
Authors: Reifels Lennart , Dückers Michel LA , Blashki Grant 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Despite a longstanding focus on examining acute health impacts in disaster research, only limited systematic information is available today to further our understanding of chronic physical health risks of disaster exposure. Heterogeneity of studies and disaster events of varying type and scale compounding this challenge highlight the merit of a consistent approach to examining nationally representative population data to understand distinctive profiles of chronic disaster health risks.Aim:This epidemiological study examined the full spectrum and national profile of chronic physical health risks associated with natural and man-made disaster exposure in Australia.Methods:Nationally-representative population survey data (N=8841) were analyzed through multivariate logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographic variables, exposure to natural and man-made disasters, and other traumatic events. Key outcomes included lifetime national chronic health priority conditions (asthma, cancer, stroke, rheumatism/arthritis, diabetes, heart/circulatory) and other conditions of 6 month or more duration (based on the World Health Organization’s WMH-CIDI chronic conditions module).Results:Natural disaster exposure primarily increased the lifetime risk of stroke (AOR 2.06, 95%CI 1.54-2.74). Man-made disaster exposure increased the lifetime risk of stomach ulcer (AOR 2.21, 95%CI 1.14-4.31), migraine (AOR 1.61, 95%CI 1.02-2.56), and heart/circulatory conditions (AOR 2.01, 95%CI 1.07-3.75). Multiple man-made disaster exposure heightened the risk of migraine (AOR 2.98, 95%CI 1.28-6.92) and chronic back or neck conditions (AOR 1.63, 95%CI 1.02-2.62), while multiple natural disaster exposure heightened the risk of stroke (AOR 3.28, 95%CI 1.90-5.67). No other chronic health risks were elevated. Despite the relatively greater chronic health risks linked to man-made disasters, natural disasters were associated overall with more cases of chronic health conditions.Discussion:The analysis of nationally-representative population data provides a consistent method to examine the unique national imprint of disaster exposure and distinct profile of disaster health risks to inform future detection, prevention measures, disaster health preparedness, and response planning.
Surge Capacity Planning to Inform the Need for International and Domestic Emergency Medical Team Deployments Following a Severe Wellington, New Zealand Earthquake
Authors: Blanch Charles , Lawrey Emma 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Wellington, New Zealand has a significant earthquake risk with unique response challenges posed by its geography and limited road, rail, and sea access. In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Medical Team (EMT) initiative published minimum and technical standards for EMTs in response to failures by responding teams to deliver appropriate and ethical clinical care during a number of disasters (Norton, 2014). The initiative has evolved to develop national and International EMTs in addition to a support capacity building within Ministries of Health to better coordinate clinical capacity during an emergency.Aim:Over the last two years, the WHO EMT Coordination Cell (EMTCC) course has trained over 300 health personnel globally to coordinate clinical surge capacity using a three-step Impact Assessment, Needs Assessment, and Tasking process informed by disaster epidemiology and mass casualty ratios.Methods:EMTCC planning methodology was applied to the “Wellington Earthquake National Initial Response Plan” (MCDEM, 2017) to develop a Health Action Plan for a significant Wellington earthquake. Known earthquake impact modeling for injuries was applied against predicted capacity in receiving hospitals in the affected region, and the ability to transfer patients nationally to determine unmet response needs. EMT minimum standards and operational insights from recent disasters were then used to determine the number of EMTs required for optimal tasking.Discussion:The surge planning methodology provided a theoretical framework for national and local health emergency management staff to engage with clinical colleagues. This allowed likely EMT assistance to be pre-planned, which facilitates further planning with national and local emergency management, border, and registration agencies for rapid entry into NZ, including onward transport and logistical support. While injury treatment ratios had to be refined to reflect NZ context, the methodology proved useful for Ministries of Health to pre-identify the need for international assistance in national emergencies.
Epidemic Thunderstorm Asthma
Authors: McMillan Alison 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:On November 21 and 22 of 2016, Victoria witnessed an unprecedented epidemic thunderstorm asthma emergency event in size acuity and impact. This scenario was never exercised nor contemplated. The event resulted in a 73% increase in calls to the Emergency Services Telecommunications Authority and 814 ambulance cases in the six hours from 6 pm on November 21, 2016. A 58% increase in people presented to public hospital emergency departments in Melbourne and Geelong on November 21 and 22, 2016 (based on the three-year average). 313 calls were made to the nurse on call from people with breathing, respiratory, and allergy problems (compared to an average of 63 calls for the previous month). Tragically, ten deaths are linked to this event.Methods:A substantial amount of work has been completed, much of which goes towards addressing the Inspector-General for Emergency Management recommendations following a review of the event, including:
Release of an epidemic thunderstorm asthma campaign and education programs which were rolled out across Victoria for the community and health professionals from September through November 2017;Development of a new epidemic thunderstorm asthma forecasting system on 1 October 2017 and updated warning protocols during the 2017 grass pollen season;Implementation of a Real-time Health Emergency Monitoring System to alert the department of demands on public hospital emergency departments on the system; andIntroduction of a new State Health Emergency Response Plan in October 2017 to improve coordination and communications before and during a health emergency.Discussion:The presentation will concentrate on the lessons learned more than two years down the track from the event in November 2016.