bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond roots and affixes
Authors: Næss Åshild 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses the analysis of a particular class of morphemes in the Oceanic language Äiwoo, and argues that the difficulties in accounting for them in traditional terms such as nominalisation, compounding, relative clauses, or classifiers is due to their status as bound lexical morphemes, also known as bound roots, an under-discussed category in linguistic literature. It proposes some parameters of variation within bound lexical morphemes as a class and shows that the Äiwoo facts can be best accounted for by reference to these parameters, both in terms of language-internal description and crosslinguistic comparability. It argues that understanding crosslinguistic morphological structure in terms of a dichotomy between “roots” and “affixes” underplays the existing variation in linguistic structure, and that a more detailed examination is necessary of forms which do not fit clearly into this dichotomy; the discussion of the Äiwoo data aims to provide a starting-point for such an examination.
Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes are major phyla of filterable bacteria passing through 0.22 μm pore size membrane filter, in Lake Sanaru, Hamamatsu, Japan
Authors: Maejima Yoshiaki , Kushimoto Koya , Muraguchi Yusuke , Fukuda Kohei , Miura Takamasa , Yamazoe Atsushi , Kimbara Kazuhide , Shintani Masaki 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
141 filterable bacteria that passed through a 0.22 μm pore size filter were isolated from Lake Sanaru in Hamamatsu, Japan. These belonged to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, or Actinobacteria among which the first two phyla comprised the majority of the isolates. 48 isolates (12 taxa) are candidates assignable to new bacterial species or genera of Proteobacteria or Bacteroidetes.
Changes in Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Predict Changes in Vitality During a Weight Loss Trial in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Kenzik Kelly M , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy , Ganz Patricia A , Colditz Graham , Rock Cheryl L , Rogers Laura Q 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer survivors rank fatigue (e.g., decreased vitality) as their number one concern affecting quality of life. Excess adiposity is associated with decreased vitality in breast cancer survivors, yet weight loss intervention trials report inconsistent effects on this parameter.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the Exercise and Nutrition to Enhance Recovery and Good Health for You trial, in which 692 overweight or obese breast cancer survivors ≤5 years from diagnosis, initiated weight loss interventions, and completed assessments semi-annually for 2 years. Assessments included the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire and the SF-36 MOS vitality subscale as an inverse measure of fatigue. Multilevel structural equation models estimated the direct effects of physical activity on vitality and indirect effects through body mass index (BMI) changes.ResultsWithin-person findings show that at assessments with greater physical activity, BMI was significantly lower (B = −0.07, p &lt; 0.001) and vitality was higher (B = 0.22, p &lt; 0.001). However, there was no direct relationship between lower BMI and higher vitality (B = −0.11, p = 0.262) after controlling for the relationship of physical activity with BMI and physical activity with vitality. The between-person indirect effect of physical activity change through BMI change to vitality was significant (B = 0.03, p &lt; 0.001). Participants whose physical activity was above the mean (B = 0.37, p &lt; 0.001) and whose BMI was below the mean (B = −1.05, p &lt; 0.001) were more likely to report greater vitality.ConclusionImprovements in vitality are primarily associated with increases in physical activity rather than BMI changes in this trial. Vitality was lower among survivors with higher BMI, although within-individual changes in BMI had no effect on vitality. Physical activity and weight loss share mechanistic links to vitality with physical activity potentially increasing (e.g., in an additive or synergistic manner) the effect of BMI reduction on vitality.
A reference peptide database for proteome quantification based on experimental mass spectrum response curves
Authors: Liu Wanlin , Wei Lai , Sun Jianan , Feng Jinwen , Guo Gaigai , Liang Lizhu , Fu Tianyi , Liu Mingwei , Li Kai , Huang Yin , Zhu Weimin , Zhen Bei , Wang Yi , Ding Chen , Qin Jun 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Mass spectrometry (MS) based quantification of proteins/peptides has become a powerful tool in biological research with high sensitivity and throughput. The accuracy of quantification, however, has been problematic as not all peptides are suitable for quantification. Several methods and tools have been developed to identify peptides that response well in mass spectrometry and they are mainly based on predictive models, and rarely consider the linearity of the response curve, limiting the accuracy and applicability of the methods. An alternative solution is to select empirically superior peptides that offer satisfactory MS response intensity and linearity in a wide dynamic range of peptide concentration.

Results
We constructed a reference database for proteome quantification based on experimental mass spectrum response curves. The intensity and dynamic range of over 2 647 773 transitions from 121 318 peptides were obtained from a set of dilution experiments, covering 11 040 gene products. These transitions and peptides were evaluated and presented in a database named SCRIPT-MAP. We showed that the best-responder (BR) peptide approach for quantification based on SCRIPT-MAP database is robust, repeatable and accurate in proteome-scale protein quantification. This study provides a reference database as well as a peptides/transitions selection method for quantitative proteomics.

Availability and implementation
SCRIPT-MAP database is available at http://www.firmiana.org/responders/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Average of the Smallest Prime in a Conjugacy Class
Authors: Cho Peter J , Kim Henry H 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Let C be a conjugacy class of $S_{n}$ and K an $S_{n}$-field. Let $n_{K,C}$ be the smallest prime, which is ramified or whose Frobenius automorphism Frob$_{p}$ does not belong to C. Under some technical conjectures, we show that the average of $n_{K,C}$ is a constant. We explicitly compute the constant. For $S_{3}$- and $S_{4}$-fields, our result is unconditional. Let $N_{K,C}$ be the smallest prime for which Frob$_{p}$ belongs to C. We obtain the average of $N_{K,C}$ under some technical conjectures. For n = 3 and C = [(12)], we have the average value of $N_{K,C}$ unconditionally.
Peripherally Acting μ-Opioid Receptor Agonists Attenuate Ongoing Pain-associated Behavior and Spontaneous Neuronal Activity after Nerve Injury in Rats
Authors: Tiwari Vinod , Anderson Michael , Yang Fei , Tiwari Vineeta , Zheng Qin , He Shao-Qiu , Zhang Tong , Shu Bin , Chen Xueming , Grenald Shaness A. , Stephens Kimberly E. , Chen Zhiyong , Dong Xinzhong , Raja Srinivasa N. , Guan Yun 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Ongoing neuropathic pain is difficult to treat. The authors examined whether dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1–4) amide, a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor agonist, attenuates ongoing pain-associated manifestations after nerve injury in rats and mice.

Methods
Using conditioned place preference assay, the authors tested whether animals show a preference to the environment associated with drug treatment. Wide-dynamic range and dorsal root ganglion neuronal activities were measured by electrophysiology recording and calcium imaging.

Results
Nerve-injured animals stayed longer in dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1–4) amide–paired chamber after conditioning than during preconditioning (rats: 402.4 ± 61.3 vs. 322.1 ± 45.0 s, 10 mg/kg, n = 9, P = 0.009; mice: 437.8 ± 59.4 vs. 351.3 ± 95.9 s, 2 mg/kg, n = 8, P = 0.047). Topical ganglionic application of dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1–4) amide (5 μM, 1 μl, n = 5) reduced the numbers of small-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons that showed spontaneous activity (1.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.5 ± 0.3, P = 0.044) and that were activated by test stimulation (15.5 ± 5.5 vs. 28.2 ± 8.2, P = 0.009) after injury. In neuropathic rats, dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1–4) amide (10 mg/kg, n = 8) decreased spontaneous firing rates in wide-dynamic range neurons to 53.2 ± 46.6% of predrug level, and methylnaltrexone (5 mg/kg, n = 9) blocked dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1–4) amide–induced place preference and inhibition of wide-dynamic range neurons. Dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1–4) amide increased paw withdrawal threshold (17.5 ± 2.2 g) from baseline (3.5 ± 0.7 g, 10 mg/kg, n = 8, P = 0.002) in nerve-injured rats, but the effect diminished after repeated administrations.

Conclusions
Peripherally acting μ-opioids may attenuate ongoing pain-related behavior and its neurophysiologic correlates. Yet, repeated administrations cause antiallodynic tolerance.
A Novel Scoring System Associated With Surgical Outcome of Distal-type Cervical Spondylotic Amyotrophy
Authors: Funaba Masahiro , Kanchiku Tsukasa , Imajo Yasuaki , Suzuki Hidenori , Yoshida Yuichiro , Nishida Norihiro , Fujimoto Kazuhiro , Taguchi Toshihiko 
Published: March 2018

Study Design:
A single-center retrospective study.

Objective:
To elucidate the pathology of distal-type cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA) and to assess predictive factors and a novel scoring system associated with surgical outcome.

Summary and Background:
Because of its rarity, the pathophysiology and surgical outcome of distal-type CSA are less well understood compared with proximal-type CSA.

Method:
Surgical procedures were performed in 13 patients with distal-type CSA. Patients were classified into 2 groups: those with good recovery of muscle power (group 1, n=4) and those with fair recovery (group 2, n=9). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Central motor conduction time was recorded in abductor digit minim and compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were recorded in extensor carpi dig. Predictive factors associated with surgical outcome and a scoring system based on clinical, radiologic, and electrophysiological findings were evaluated. Twelve of 13 patients were scored for the following features: (1) duration of symptoms ≥13 months, (2) initial manual muscle testing ≤1, (3) multiple compressions in magnetic resonance imaging, (4) CMAPs amplitudes on affected side <1 mV, (5) CMAPs amplitudes on normal side <7.2 mV, (6) central motor conduction time longer than 7.4 ms, (7) the ratio of CMAPs amplitudes comparison with the normal side <50%.

Result:
At final follow-up, 2 patients were graded excellent, 2 good, 9 fair, and 0 poor. None of the predictive factors was significantly different between groups 1 and 2. The mean score in group 2 (5.12±1.12) was significantly higher than for group 1 (2±1.15; P=0.006). Although all 8 patients in group 2 scored ≥4 points, all 4 patients in group 1 scored ≤3.

Conclusions:
Comprehensive assessment using a scoring system is useful for predicting the surgical outcome of distal-type CSA. Surgeons should be aware that a score of ≥4 points correlates with poor surgical outcome on motor function.
Nicardipine Effects on Renal Function During Spine Surgery
Authors: Park Cholhee , Kim Ji Young , Kim Chanmi , Chang Chul Ho 
Published: March 2018

Study Design:
Single-center, prospective, randomized, and single-blinded clinical trial was conducted in patients (n=64) undergoing anterior or posterior spinal interbody fusion.

Objective:
To investigate the renal protective effect of nicardipine during deliberate hypotension for spine surgery by measuring creatinine clearance (Ccr), serum cystatin C, urine output, and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa).

Summary of Background Data:
Deliberate hypotension during spine surgery may result in ischemic tissue damage of the kidney. Nicardipine is reported to dilate the renal artery and increase glomerular filtration rate. Previous studies reported the renal protective effect of nicardipine during cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Patients were randomized to receive nicardipine (nicardipine group, n=32) or normal saline (control group, n=32). Deliberate hypotension of mean arterial pressure at 50–65 mm Hg was maintained during surgery. Ccr, serum cystatin C, urine output, and FENa were measured before surgery, after surgery, and postoperative day 1 (POD1). The RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, and end stage renal disease) criteria of the patients were evaluated.

Results:
In the nicardipine group, Ccr at POD1 was increased compared with that after surgery. In both groups, serum cystatin C at POD1 was decreased compared with that before surgery and urine output at POD1 was decreased compared with that after surgery. FENa at POD1 in the control group was higher than that in the nicardipine group and was increased compared with that after surgery. Using RIFLE criteria, 6 patients in the control group and 2 patients in the nicardipine group were classified as having acute kidney injury.

Conclusions:
Nicardipine increased Ccr and attenuated the increase in FENa at POD1 in patients undergoing spine surgery under deliberate hypotension.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Mortality of Reintubation in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: De la Garza Ramos Rafael , Passias Peter G. , Schwab Frank , Bydon Ali , Lafage Virginie , Sciubba Daniel M. 
Published: March 2018

Study Design:
Retrospective study of an administrative database.

Objective:
The objective was to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and mortality rate of reintubation after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.

Background Data:
There are limited data regarding the occurrence of reintubation after ASD surgery.

Materials and Methods:
The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2002 to 2011 was used to identify adult patients who underwent elective surgery for scoliosis. Patients who required reintubation were identified and compared with controls (no reintubation). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with reintubation.

Results:
A total of 9734 patients who underwent surgery for ASD were identified, and 182 required reintubation [1.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6%–2.1%] on average 2 days after surgery (range, 0–28 d). After multivariable analysis, the strongest independent risk factors associated with reintubation included postoperative acute respiratory failure [odds ratio (OR), 12.0; 95% CI, 8.6–16.6], sepsis (OR, 6.9; 95% CI, 3.5–13.6), and deep vein thrombosis (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 3.0–10.9); history of chronic lung disease (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1–2.3) and fusion of 8 or more segments (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.2) were also independent risk factors. Mortality rates were significantly higher in reintubated patients (7.3%) compared with that in nonreintubated patients (0.2%, P<0.001). More importantly, reintubation was an independent risk factor for inpatient mortality (OR, 9.8; 95% CI, 4.1–23.5; P<0.001).

Conclusions:
The reintubation rate after ASD surgery is approximately 1.8%. Patients with a history of chronic lung disease and patients undergoing fusion of 8 or more segments may be at an increased risk for reintubation; other associated factors included acute respiratory failure, sepsis, and deep vein thrombosis. Patients who required postoperative airway management after ASD surgery were 9.8 times more likely to die during their hospital stay compared with controls.
Evaluating the Extent of Clinical Variability Among Treatment Options for Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Phan Philippe , Ploumis Avraam , Hess Kathryn , Wood Kirkham B. 
Published: March 2018

Study Design:
This is a surgical strategy survey.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variability in in surgical strategy planning of adult spinal deformity (ASD) based on patients’ clinical and radiographic data.

Background:
Literature guiding the management of ASD consists primarily of studies with low levels of evidence. Recent studies have demonstrated good agreement among surgeons about the factors influencing surgical decision but poor agreement about the need for surgery. Therefore there is a relative lack of consensus and guidelines in the clinical practice and treatment of ASD.

Methods:
A total of 28 adult deformity surgeons were asked to fulfill an online survey of 10 spinal deformity cases. Case presentation included a clinical vignette with photographs, Oswestry Disability Index and Visual Analog Scale scores and imaging with radiographic measurements. For each case, the surgeons were asked whether surgical management would be beneficial and if so, their surgical plan (approach, staging, need for fusion, osteotomy or decompression and the techniques used). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were studied using average Cohen and Feiss Kappa statistics, respectively. Descriptive statistics were calculated to evaluate the frequency of each of the alternatives in surgical planning.

Results:
Average intrarater and interrater agreement for surgical strategy were evaluated to be substantial (κ=0.62) and fair (κ=0.24), respectively. Detailed interrater statistics demonstrates that there was only slight agreement on the need for surgery (κ=0.15), the approach (κ=0.15), and the need for fusion (κ=0.16) while moderate agreement was reached for the need for decompression (κ=0.42) and osteotomy (κ=0.29).

Conclusions:
Among surgeons, agreement about the need for surgery and the surgical strategy for ASD is limited. Findings from this survey highlight the need for comprehensive classifications for ASD, higher-level studies including randomized trials to set guidelines and lessen the variability in clinical practices, which would then hopefully lead to improved outcomes.
Kinematic Effects of Cervical Laminoplasty for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy on the Occipitoatlantoaxial Junction
Authors: Desroches Asuka , Morishita Yuichiro , Yugue Itaru , Maeda Takeshi , Flouzat-Lachaniette Charles-Henri , Hernigou Philippe , Shiba Keiichiro 
Published: March 2018

Study Design:
A retrospective evaluation of sagittal angular motion from cervical spinal flexion to extension.

Objective:
To evaluate the kinematic effects of cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) on the occipitoatlantoaxial junction.

Summary of Background Data:
The kinematic effects of cervical laminoplasty for CSM on the occipitoatlantoaxial junction remain controversial.

Methods:
A total of 65 CSM patients who were treated with cervical laminoplasty ranging from the C3 to C7 vertebrae were included in the study. After surgery, all patients wore a Philadelphia collar for the first week and began cervical range of motion exercises as soon as possible. Functional plain radiographs were obtained preoperatively and at 1 and 3 years postoperatively. Sagittal angular motion from cervical spinal flexion to extension was measured using the Cobb technique at 7 cervical segments (Oc–C1, C1–C2, C2–C3, C3–C4, C4–C5, C5–C6, and C6–C7). We defined the contribution of each segment’s mobility to the total angular mobility of the cervical spine as percent segmental mobility.

Results:
Total cervical angular mobility significantly decreased after cervical laminoplasty. There were no significant differences in Oc–C2 angular mobility; however, C2–C7 angular mobility had significantly decreased by 3 years postoperatively. No significant differences in percent segmental mobility were observed at 1 year postoperatively except at the C3–C4 segment. By 3 years postoperatively, percent mobility at the Oc–C1 and C1–C2 segments had significantly increased, whereas that at the C3–C4 and C5–C6 segments had significantly decreased.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that, although the contribution of occipitoatlantoaxial junctional mobility to total cervical mobility increases, dynamic mechanical stress to the occipitoatlantoaxial junction does not increase following laminoplasty, and no adjacent segmental disorder at the occipitoatlantoaxial junction was observed within 3 years postoperatively. We hypothesized that early removal of the cervical collar and early cervical range of motion exercises may contribute to these kinematic changes.
Clinical Outcomes With Midline Cortical Bone Trajectory Pedicle Screws Versus Traditional Pedicle Screws in Moving Lumbar Fusions From Hospitals to Outpatient Surgery Centers
Authors: Chin Kingsley R. , Pencle Fabio J.R. , Coombs André V. , Elsharkawy Mohamed , Packer Corrine F. , Hothem Elijah A. , Seale Jason A. 
Published: March 2018

Study Design:Level III.Objective:To report on the outcomes of midline cortical bone trajectory (CBT) pedicle screw surgical technique for posterior lumbar fixation in the outpatient surgery center (OSC) compared with traditional pedicle screws in the hospital.Summary of Background Data:Traditional pedicle screws have been the gold standard for posterior lumbar fusion. Advances in spine surgery, including less invasive procedures have propelled the design of instruments and implants to achieve greater posterior spinal fixation, with decreased tissue destruction and higher safety margins. Biomechanical studies have validated the superior pullout strength of cortical screws versus the traditional pedicle screws and represent an opportunity to perform safe lumbar fusions in OSCs with same day discharge.Materials and Methods:The medical records of 60 patients with prospectively collected data were reviewed. Two matched cohort groups consisting of 30 patients each, CBT pedicle screws performed in OSC patients (group 1) was compared with traditional pedicle screws performed in hospital patients (group 2). Outcomes were assessed with self-reported Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index scores, and radiologic fusion rate.Results:Totally, 33 males and 27 females, age range (28–75), average 58±3 years. Average body mass index was 29±1.15 kg/m2. A total of 65% of surgeries were at L5–S1 level. Significant improvement noted in VAS back pain scores in the OSC group from 7.8±0.5 to 2.5±0.7,P=0.001. Comparing intergroup VAS back pain scores and Oswestry Disability Index scores, OSC group demonstrated significant improvement,P=0.004 and 0.027, respectively. Fusion rate at 2 years was similar,P=0.855 between groups.Conclusions:We successfully transitioned our lumbar fusions from hospitals to OSCs using a midline CBT pedicle screw technique. Although traditional pedicle screw placement is effective and may be viable in an OSC, we see more advantages to use midline cortical screws over traditional pedicle screws.