bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two QTLs controlling Clubroot resistance identified from Bulked Segregant Sequencing in Pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino)
Authors: Zhu Hongfang , Zhai Wen , Li Xiaofeng , Zhu Yuying 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora Brassicae, is a serious soil-borne disease in worldwide. In recent years, progression of clubroot is rapid and serious in Shanghai, China. In this study, The inheritance of clubroot resistance (CR) were determined in pakchoi using F2 segregation population that were developed by crossing highly resistant line ‘CR38’ and susceptible line ‘CS22’. Two novel QTLs, qBrCR38-1 and qBrCR38-2, was identified by BSA-seq (Bulked Segregant Sequencing) resistant to P. brassicae physiological race 7. Two significant peak qBrCR38-1 and qBrCR38-2 were observed by three statistical methods between interval of 19.7–20.6 Mb in chromosome A07 and 20.0–20.6 Mb in chromosome A08, respectively. In addition, Polymorphic SNPs identified within target regions were converted to kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays. In target regions of qBrCR38-1 and qBrCR38-2, there were twenty SNP sites identified, eleven KASP markers of which are significantly associated to CR (P < 0.05). Seven candidate genes were identified and found to be involved in disease resistance (TIR-NBS-LRR proteins), defense responses of bacterium and fungi and biotic/abiotic stress response in the target regions harboring the two QTLs. Two novel QTLs and candidate genes identified from the present study provide insights into the genetic mechanism of CR in B.rapa, and the associated SNPs can be effectively used for marker-assisted breeding.
Transcriptomic analysis of 3D Cardiac Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveals Faster Cardiomyocyte Maturation Compared to 2D Culture
Authors: Branco Mariana A. , Cotovio João P. , Rodrigues Carlos A. V. , Vaz Sandra H. , Fernandes Tiago G. , Moreira Leonilde M. , Cabral Joaquim M. S. , Diogo Maria Margarida 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent an almost limitless source of cells for disease modelling and drug screening applications. Here we established an efficient and robust 3D platform for cardiomyocyte (CMs) production from hiPSCs, solely through small-molecule-based temporal modulation of the Wnt signalling, which generates more than 90% cTNT+ cells. The impact of performing the differentiation process in 3D conditions as compared to a 2D culture system, was characterized by transcriptomic analysis by using data collected from sequential stages of 2D and 3D culture. We highlight that performing an initial period of hiPSC aggregation before cardiac differentiation primed hiPSCs towards an earlier mesendoderm lineage differentiation, via TGF-β/Nodal signaling stabilization. Importantly, it was also found that CMs in the 3D microenvironment mature earlier and show an improved communication system, which we suggested to be responsible for a higher structural and functional maturation of 3D cardiac aggregates.
Tolvaptan activates the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway through PERK phosphorylation
Authors: Fujiki Tamami , Ando Fumiaki , Murakami Kana , Isobe Kiyoshi , Mori Takayasu , Susa Koichiro , Nomura Naohiro , Sohara Eisei , Rai Tatemitsu , Uchida Shinichi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTolvaptan, a vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist initially developed to increase free-water diuresis, has been approved for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in multiple countries. Furthermore, tolvaptan has been shown to improve the renal functions in rodent models of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. CKD is characterized by increased levels of oxidative stress, and an antioxidant transcription factor—nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)—has been gaining attention as a therapeutic target. Therefore, we investigated the effects of tolvaptan and a well-known Nrf2 activator, bardoxolone methyl (BARD) on Nrf2. To determine the role of tolvaptan, we used a renal cortical collecting duct (mpkCCD) cell line and mouse kidneys. Tolvaptan activated Nrf2 and increased mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mpkCCD cells and the outer medulla of mouse kidneys. In contrast to BARD, tolvaptan regulated the antioxidant systems via a unique mechanism. Tolvaptan activated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway through phosphorylation of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). As a result, tolvaptan and BARD could successfully generate synergistic activating effects on Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway, suggesting that this combination therapy can contribute to the treatment of CKD.
Seeking Maxwell’s Demon in a non-reciprocal quantum ring
Authors: Manaselyan Aram , Luo Wenchen , Braak Daniel , Chakraborty Tapash 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA non-reciprocal quantum ring, where one arm of the ring contains the Rashba spin-orbit interaction but not in the other arm, is found to posses very unique electronic properties. In this ring the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations are totally absent. That is because in a magnetic field the electron stays in the non-Rashba arm, while it resides in the Rashba arm for zero (or negative) magnetic field. The average kinetic energy in the two arms of the ring are found to be very different. It also reveals different “spin temperature” in the two arms of the non-reciprocal ring. The electrons are sorted according to their spins in different regions of the ring by switching on and off (or reverse) the magnetic field, thereby creating order without doing work on the system. This resembles the action of a demon in the spirit of Maxwell’s original proposal, exploiting a non-classical internal degree of freedom. Our demon clearly demonstrates some of the required features on the nanoscale.
Hybrid-state free precession in nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Assländer Jakob , Novikov Dmitry S. , Lattanzi Riccardo , Sodickson Daniel K. , Cloos Martijn A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe dynamics of large spin-1/2 ensembles are commonly described by the Bloch equation, which is characterized by the magnetization’s non-linear response to the driving magnetic field. Consequently, most magnetic field variations result in non-intuitive spin dynamics, which are sensitive to small calibration errors. Although simplistic field variations result in robust spin dynamics, they do not explore the richness of the system’s phase space. Here, we identify adiabaticity conditions that span a large experiment design space with tractable dynamics. All dynamics are trapped in a one-dimensional subspace, namely in the magnetization’s absolute value, which is in a transient state, while its direction adiabatically follows the steady state. In this hybrid state, the polar angle is the effective drive of the spin dynamics. As an example, we optimize this drive for robust and efficient quantification of spin relaxation times and utilize it for magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain.
Fabrication of soft ferromagnetic multilayer‐structure sensor for measurement of microampere direct currents
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Bicong , Chen YuYi 
Published: June 2019

Quantitative measurements of direct currents are achieved by using multilayer‐structure current sensor (NiFe/Cu/NiFe/Cu/Cr) carrying wide‐frequency alternating currents (20 Hz–100 MHz). It was found that the impedance of the current sensor was reduced in the presence of direct currents, and decreased with increasing direct currents at medium frequency. In addition, the measurement sensitivity increased with increasing the amplitude of the alternating current. The authors also observed that the resistance variation in response to the direct currents was much larger than that of impedance and reactance at medium frequency. This current sensor was capable of measuring the direct current of at least 40 μA, exhibiting a resistance variation of 0.00674 Ω. Consequently, the ferromagnetic multilayer films may serve as a super‐sensitive current sensor for the measurement of currents.
Regression analysis of FMCW–LiDAR beat signals for non‐linear chirp mitigation
Authors: Tsuchida H. 
Published: June 2019

The performance of a frequency‐modulated continuous wave (FMCW)–light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is severely limited by the inherent non‐linear chirp when laser diodes with direct frequency modulation are used as light sources. To overcome this limitation, optoelectronic feedback techniques were reported for chirp linearisation. The author propose and demonstrate an alternative technique that is based on regression analysis of FMCW–LiDAR beat signals. It is shown that the waveform of the laser frequency modulation accompanied by the non‐linear chirp is analytically expressed in terms of the Fourier series containing both the odd and even harmonics. The analytical expression is utilised in the regression analysis to calculate the unknown distances. A relative accuracy below 1 mm is obtained in the proof‐of‐principle experiment.
Design of compact single‐ended‐to‐balanced filtering power divider with wideband common‐mode suppression
Authors: Li Sai , Wang Xuedao , Wang Jianpeng , Ge Lei 
Published: June 2019

A new design of single‐ended‐to‐balanced (SETB) filtering power divider (FPD) with wideband common‐mode (CM) suppression is presented. To effectively realise high suppression of CM noise, a hybrid structure constructed by both the double‐side parallel‐strip line (DSPSL) and a half‐mode defected ground structure (HMDGS) serving as the mid‐inserted conductor plane are adopted. Besides, due to the effect of HMDGS, the rejection of second harmonics for the differential‐mode (DM) transmission is also improved. Meanwhile, by employing two pairs of dual‐mode resonators symmetrically coupled with a stepped‐impedance input feed line and adding a DSPSL stub, wideband‐filtering performance with high selectivity is achieved. For validation, a prototype of the proposed SETB‐FPD centred at 5.9 GHz with a 3‐dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 27% is designed, fabricated and measured. Results indicate that the proposed SETB FPD exhibits good performances of high selectivity, wide upper stop band, good isolation between two balanced output ports and 30‐dB suppression of CM noise over the DM pass band.
23 × 12 μm three‐stage amplifier using sub‐threshold active cascode compensation capable of driving very‐large‐load with no‐upper‐limit
Authors: Yan Zhanke , Zhang Chunming , Wang Menghai , Chen Haifeng 
Published: June 2019

An ultra‐area‐efficient three‐stage amplifier is proposed by using sub‐threshold active cascade compensation, which is able to drive very‐large or ultra‐large capacitive loads without sacrificing stability and power. Besides, external feed‐forward path and slew‐rate enhancer can significantly improve the large‐signal transient response of the circuit. Designed and verified in 28 nm CMOS technology, the proposed amplifier occupies die area of 0.00028 mm2 and consumes a power of 16.5 µW from 1.05 V supply. In addition, it can provide over 85 dB DC gain and is stable for any load larger than 4 nF, while the size of the entailed compensation capacitance is only 40 fF.
Galactocentric acceleration in VLBI analysis
Authors: MacMillan D. S. , Fey A. , Gipson J. M. , Gordon D. , Jacobs C. S. , Krásná H. , Lambert S. B. , Malkin Z. , Titov O. , Wang G. , Xu M. H. 
Published: June 2019

Aims. The IVS Working Group on Galactic Aberration (WG8) was established to investigate issues related to incorporating the effect of Galactic aberration in IVS analysis. The circular motion of the solar system barycenter around the Galactic center causes a change in aberration, which in the case of geodetic VLBI observing is over time scales of several decades. One of the specific goals was to recommend a Galactic aberration model to be applied by the IAU ICRF3 working group in the generation of ICRF3 as well as in other IVS analysis. Studies made by working group members have shown that the three-dimensional acceleration vector of the solar system barycenter can be estimated from VLBI delay observations.
Methods. Among the working group members, three methods were used to estimate the acceleration vector. One is to directly estimate the acceleration vector as a global parameter. The second is to estimate the acceleration vector from source proper motions determined from estimated source position time series. A third method estimated a global reference frame scale parameter for each source and derived the acceleration vector from these estimates. The acceleration vector estimate consists of a galactocentric component along with the non-galactocentric components.
Results. The geodetic reference frame VLBI estimates of the galactocentric aberration constant from the different working group members are in the range 5.1–6.4 μas yr−1. These estimates are relatively close to independent estimates of 4.8–5.4 μas yr−1 that can be derived from astrometric measurements of proper motions and parallaxes of masers in the Milky Way galaxy. Based on the most recent geodetic VLBI solutions, we find an upper bound of 0.8 μas yr−1 for the non-galactocentric component of the secular aberration.
Conclusions. The working group made a recommendation only for the galactocentric component of the observed acceleration vector. For the recommended galactocentric aberration constant, the working group chose a geodetic value to be consistent with geodetic VLBI applications. The recommended value 5.8 μas yr−1 was estimated directly in a global solution that used the ICRF3 solution data set: 1979–May 2018.
Vitamin D Replacement Mitigates Menopause-Associated Dyslipidaemia
and Atherogenic Indices in Ovariectomized Rats; A Biochemical
Study
Authors: Muhammad Marwa Hassan , Hussien Noha Ibrahim , Elwia Sania K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background & Aim Dyslipidaemia is highly prevalent among
postmenopausal women and its management represents a keystone in the
prevention of the worldwide increase in cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. Therapy choices for menopause-associated dyslipidaemia are
limited and a matter of debate. So, it becomes prudent to search for natural
safe alternatives. Vitamin D (VD) has been acknowledged as an essential
factor in cardiovascular health. Thus, we aimed to illustrate the impact of
different VD status on dyslipidaemia and atherogenic indices.
Method 5 groups of rats were conducted; SHAM group fed control diet,
ovariectomized rats fed control diet (OVX), ovariectomized rats fed
VD-sufficient-high fat diet (HFD) (1 000 IU/ kg
diet), ovariectomized rats fed VD-deficient-HFD (25 IU/ kg
diet), and ovariectomized rats fed VD-replete-HFD
(10 000 IU/ kg diet) for 16 weeks.
Results Dyslipidaemia with an increased atherogenic index of plasma,
atherosclerosis coefficient, cardiac risk ratio, and aortic total
cholesterol accumulation in addition to reduced serum 25-hydroxy-VD levels
was observed in the OVX and VD-sufficient HFD versus SHAM. These findings
were aggravated by VD-deficient-HFD while reversed by VD-replete-HFD. The
VD-mediated abundance of aortic ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)
expression, reduced activity of the inflammatory Jun N-terminal kinases
(JNK), and downregulation of aortic cluster of differentiation-36 (CD36)
receptors expression together with increased serum total antioxidant
capacity and reduced serum malondialdehyde were among the supposed
mechanisms.
Conclusions Our study sheds light on alarming levels of VD deficiency
among ovariectomized rats. VD repletion improved the menopause-associated
dyslipidaemia and atherogenic indices through hypolipidemic, antioxidant,
and anti-inflammatory effects.
Validity of Coagulation Activation Markers in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with a Short Data Report
Authors: Ames Paul R.J. , Bucci Tommaso , Iannaccone Luigi , Marottoli Vincenzo , Arcaro Alessia , Gentile Fabrizio , Ciampa Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProthrombin fragment F1 + 2 (F1 + 2) and thrombin–antithrombin (TAT) have been assessed in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) but without evaluating a direct relationship with antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody titers. This article aims to investigate a direct relationship between aPL and F1 + 2 and perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of F1 + 2 and TAT in APS. Systematic search was performed using EMBASE and PubMed databases from January 1982 to December 2018 and random effects meta-analyses for continuous outcomes. This is a cross-sectional case–control study; immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M (IgG/IgM) anticardiolipin (aCL) anti-β2-glycoprotein-I, antiprothrombin (aPT) antibodies, F1 + 2, and lupus anticoagulants (LA) were measured in 25 thrombotic primary APS (PAPS), 9 nonthrombotic carriers of aPL, and 18 controls. The significant effect size (ES) for F1 + 2 between aPL +ve and aPL −ve systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and between aPL +ve SLE and control displayed high heterogeneity. The significant ES for F1 + 2 between aPL −ve SLE and controls displayed no heterogeneity. The ES for TAT between aPL +ve and aPL −ve SLE patients and between aPL −ve SLE and controls was low, without heterogeneity. Mean F1 + 2 was greater in PAPS (p < 0.0001), inversely correlated with IgG aCL, IgM aPT, and LA (p = 0.001, 0.03, and 0.01, respectively), though only IgG aCL negatively predicted F1 + 2 (p = 0.01). IgG aCL inversely predicts F1 + 2. IgG aCL positivity introduces heterogeneity in the F1 + 2 ES, whereas the lack of heterogeneity in the ES for TAT may indicate poor TAT formation in aPL +ve group. Thus, F1 + 2 measurements may be unfounded as already demonstrated for TAT in the 1990s.
Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation
Authors: Roozenbeek Jon , van der Linden Sander 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe spread of online misinformation poses serious challenges to societies worldwide. In a novel attempt to address this issue, we designed a psychological intervention in the form of an online browser game. In the game, players take on the role of a fake news producer and learn to master six documented techniques commonly used in the production of misinformation: polarisation, invoking emotions, spreading conspiracy theories, trolling people online, deflecting blame, and impersonating fake accounts. The game draws on an inoculation metaphor, where preemptively exposing, warning, and familiarising people with the strategies used in the production of fake news helps confer cognitive immunity when exposed to real misinformation. We conducted a large-scale evaluation of the game with N = 15,000 participants in a pre-post gameplay design. We provide initial evidence that people’s ability to spot and resist misinformation improves after gameplay, irrespective of education, age, political ideology, and cognitive style.
Properties of factorization operators in boundary crossing problems for random walks
Authors: Lotov V. I. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We study the properties of operators arising in the calculation of double Laplace–Stieltjes transforms of distributions in various boundary crossing problems for random walks. Such operators are defined in terms of the components of the Wiener–Hopf factorization. We give bounds for the norms of these operators and prove continuity theorems.
Systematic mapping of cell wall mechanics in the regulation of cell morphogenesis
Authors: Davì Valeria , Chevalier Louis , Guo Haotian , Tanimoto Hirokazu , Barrett Katia , Couturier Etienne , Boudaoud Arezki , Minc Nicolas 
Published: June 2019

Significance
The cell wall is a thin polymeric layer encasing the membrane of bacterial, fungal, and vegetal cells, which supports viability and defines cell shape and the mode of growth and division. The material properties of the cell wall are thus key for understanding morphogenesis, but remain difficult to quantify. We introduce a systematic method to map subcellular values of cell wall thickness and bulk elasticity in large populations of yeast cells with unprecedented accuracy. By screening libraries of mutants with defects in cell shapes, we demonstrate that cell walls are stiffer in larger cells or larger cell portions. This size-dependent stiffening constrains cell size definition and promotes cell mechanical integrity.
The VEGF receptor neuropilin 2 promotes homologous recombination by stimulating YAP/TAZ-mediated Rad51 expression
Authors: Elaimy Ameer L. , Amante John J. , Zhu Lihua Julie , Wang Mengdie , Walmsley Charlotte S. , FitzGerald Thomas J. , Goel Hira Lal , Mercurio Arthur M. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
VEGF signaling mediated by the NRPs impacts tumor cells, independently of its function in angiogenesis and vascular permeability. VEGF–NRP2 signaling in tumor cells is associated with poor prognosis and therapy resistance in TNBC patients. In light of these observations the question arises, How does VEGF–NRP2 contribute to therapy resistance in TNBC? We discovered that autocrine VEGF–NRP2 signaling contributes to HR DNA repair and therapy resistance in TNBC cells by promoting YAP/TAZ-dependent Rad51 transcription. We also demonstrated that Rad51 is a YAP/TAZ target gene and that VEGF–NRP2–YAP/TAZ–mediated cisplatin resistance occurs through downstream Rad51 expression. These observations establish functions of VEGF–NRP2 signaling and YAP/TAZ in tumor biology and provide an integrated mechanism that governs Rad51 expression and HR in TNBC.
Chronic, sublethal effects of high temperatures will cause severe declines in southern African arid-zone birds during the 21st century
Authors: Conradie Shannon R. , Woodborne Stephan M. , Cunningham Susan J. , McKechnie Andrew E. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
We synthesized physiological and behavioral data to evaluate the risks of acute, lethal effects of extreme heat events versus the sublethal costs of chronic exposure to sustained hot weather for birds inhabiting southern Africa’s Kalahari Desert over the course of the 21st century. The risk of mass mortality events similar to those predicted for the American southwest and sometimes observed in Australia will remain low for Kalahari birds. However, the sublethal costs of chronic exposure, manifested as progressive loss of body condition, delayed fledging, reduced fledging size, and outright breeding failure, will likely drive major population declines. We anticipate that much of the Kalahari’s avian biodiversity will be lost by the end of the century.
Axonal pathology in hPSC-based models of Parkinson’s disease results from loss of Nrf2 transcriptional activity at the Map1b gene locus
Authors: Czaniecki Christopher , Ryan Tammy , Stykel Morgan G. , Drolet Jennifer , Heide Juliane , Hallam Ryan , Wood Shalandra , Coackley Carla , Sherriff Keith , Bailey Craig D. C. , Ryan Scott D. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Neurological dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is highly associated with pathological deposits of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain, and yet an understanding of how early α-syn deposits bring about neuronal dysfunction remains elusive. This study exploits stem cell technology to model PD using two human isogenic stem cell models of the disease. Using these systems, we have identified a mechanism whereby mutant α-syn inhibits the antioxidant response, which, in turn, leads to axonal pathology through loss of expression of microtubule stabilizing proteins. We show that reactivation of this pathway can rescue axonal neuropathology. This is a demonstration of modulation of cytoskeletal elements as a potential therapy against PD, providing a previously unknown link between α-syn mutation and the antioxidant pathway.