bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
You are the colour of what you eat: higher invertebrate consumption correlates with redder muscle pigmentation in anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) along western Hudson Bay, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Faulkner Connor W. , Ittinuar Sonny J. , Tartak Clayton U. , L’Herault Vincent , Harris Les N. , Davoren Gail K. , Yurkowski David J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Salmonid fishes exhibit marked intra-specific variation in muscle pigmentation. This variation is primarily due to individual differences in the accumulation and assimilation of dietary carotenoids synthesized by primary producers and microorganisms and present in the tissues of crustaceans that can serve as important prey for salmonids. Despite anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) being a key subsistence and economic resource across Inuit Nunangat, their muscle pigmentation in relation to diet and environmental variability (e.g., sea ice dynamics) has not been investigated. Using carotenoid spectrophotometry analysis and a muscle colour scale, we examined the influence of Arctic char diet, inferred from stomach contents, stable isotopes (δ15N), and highly branched isoprenoids on their muscle pigmentation, as well as muscle pigmentation of their prey near the communities of Rankin Inlet and Naujaat, Nunavut in two years (2021, 2022) with contrasting sea ice cover. Among prey types, invertebrates had higher carotenoid concentrations than fishes. Arctic char in Naujaat contained higher muscle carotenoid concentrations and redder muscle than in Rankin Inlet in 2021, associated with a higher invertebrate-based diet and more prevalent sea ice cover. In 2022, muscle carotenoid concentrations of Naujaat and Rankin Inlet Arctic char were similar, associated with a largely fish-based diet and similar sea ice cover, although muscle still remained redder in Naujaat Arctic char. Inter-annual variation in carotenoid concentration and muscle pigmentation associated with diet variability observed in this species may affect local resource users over the long-term due to unpredictable climate-driven environmental changes, resulting in socioeconomic impacts across the Arctic.
Mapping Inclusive Migration Governance: A Comparative Analysis of Turkish Municipalities Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)
Authors: Rass-Turgut Seda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study critically examines how Turkish municipalities are responding to migration challenges posed by the influx of Syrian refugees. By combining qualitative and quantitative methods, it explores the mechanisms that enable inclusive governance at the local level. The findings highlight that municipalities governed by the ruling party and supported by international organizations are more likely to adopt inclusive policies, while those led by opposition parties depend heavily on local resources and economic strength. The results provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics shaping migration governance in Türkiye.
Türkiye, hosting the largest refugee population globally since the Syrian crisis in 2011, faces significant migration challenges. This study examines the factors shaping municipal responses to the refugee influx and emerging migration governance. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and text mining of strategic and performance plans from 81 municipalities, it explores inclusionary migration policies at the subnational level. The research identifies mechanisms that foster inclusive governance in Turkish municipalities, focusing on the roles of local politics, international organizations, and economic factors. The findings indicate that municipalities governed by the ruling party, with strong international NGO support and large refugee populations, tend to adopt inclusive measures. In contrast, opposition-led municipalities with strong economies depend more on local resources and international partnerships. These results underscore the complexity of local migration governance and the interplay between national, local, and international dynamics.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of tamoxifen and its active metabolite endoxifen in healthy volunteers of African ancestry genotyped for CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5.
Authors: Chiwambutsa Shingirai Melidith , Ali Ali Mahomed , Cubasch Herbert , Joffe Maureen , Ruff Paul , White-Koning Melanie , Masimirembwa Collen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Wide inter-individual variability is seen in the clinical outcomes of tamoxifen treatment, which may be attributable to cytochrome P450 genetic polymorphisms. To investigate this, we analysed data from an open-label three parallel arm trial with 36 healthy volunteers of African ancestry to whom a dose of 20 mg of tamoxifen had been administered and drug concentrations of tamoxifen and its three metabolites measured over 34 time points after administration.
Methods
The data was best described by a pharmacokinetic model, which focused on tamoxifen and its active metabolite endoxifen only. The model was described by a two-compartment model for the parent linked to a one-compartment model for the metabolite.
Results
Data exploration and estimated pharmacokinetic parameters for both compounds indicated wide variability between participants. The findings demonstrated high inter individual variability (99.3%) in the formation of endoxifen with no evidence to suggest that the CYP2D6 gene could explain this variation. Model diagnostic plots such as goodness of fit plots and visual predictive checks showed a good predictive performance of the model.
Conclusion
Age, BMI, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes had no significant impact in explaining the variability in pharmacokinetic parameters for tamoxifen and endoxifen.
Exosomal miR-365b-5p derived from keratinocyte promotes melanogenesis by directly targeting GLI2
Authors: Zhao HaiRu , Jo ChanSong , Hwang JaeSung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In previous studies, we analyzed that exosomal microRNA (miRNA) secreted by keratinocytes exposed to Ultraviolet B(UVB) light regulate melanogenesis in melanocytes. Through functional experiments, it was determined that a subgroup of exosomal miRNAs had distinct impacts on melanogenesis. In the current study, we focused on hsa-miR-365b-5p which founded upregulated in UVB-irradiated keratinocyte exosomes and confirmed to exert enhancing effects on melanogenesis in human melanocyte. Hsa-miR-365b-5p is a specific, mature microRNA derived from the precursor hsa-miR-365. We demonstrated that the overexpression of hsa-miR-365b-5p in normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEM) resulted in an approximate 50% increase in melanin content relative to the control group. Furthermore, treatment with an inhibitor of hsa-miR-365b-5p substantiated its specific regulatory role in melanogenesis, as inhibition resulted in a nearly 90% reduction in melanin production. Notably, hsa-miR-365b-5p upregulates the expression of genes associated with melanogenesis, including MITF, TYR, TRP1, and TRP2. Additionally, we established that GLI Family Zinc Finger 2 (GLI2) functions as a repressor of MITF, with its inhibition via siRNA leading to increased melanogenesis. Moreover, we constructed a luciferase reporter vector containing the 3' UTR of GLI2, confirming that hsa-miR-365b-5p specifically targets GLI2, a known repressor of MITF. These findings elucidate the regulatory pathways governing melanogenesis and underscore the significant role of hsa-miR-365b-5p in this biological process.
A Dual-Targeted Nanocapsule Inhibitor Alleviates Severe Acute Pancreatitis via Cytokine and NLRP3 Inflammasome Regulation
Authors: Wu Ling , Liao Shuqi , Li Yuhang , Rao Yu , Cao Zhong , Liu Sulai , Zhou Lei , Li Yufeng , Liu Jie , Hu Lin , Xie Haijiao , Cheng Yao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), a special type of acute abdomen, lacks effective treatment methods for clinical diagnosis because of its complex etiology and unclear pathogenesis. Herein, we engineered a structurally controllable gold-doped Prussian blue analogues-based nanozyme by optimizing the preparation procedure as a dual-targeted inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory cytokine pathways for treating SAP. The as-synthesized nanomaterials with different structures, including nanocapsular (CaAuHCF), ultramicro nanocube (CAHCF-Au), and nanocube (CaHCF) structures, exhibit multienzyme-like activities, such as peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), which are dependent on their structure. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations revealed the underlying mechanisms of differences in reactivity among nanomaterials with different compositions and structures, indicating that the POD catalytic activity of CaAuHCF nanocapsules plays a leading role under physiological conditions. In vitro or vivo experiments confirmed that CaAuHCF nanocapsules can efficiently remove exogenous and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the cellular level and are nontoxic. Importantly, the CaAuHCF nanozyme not only is a cytokine regulator that can mediate the level of cytokine factors related to proinflammatory cell pathways (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) but also acts as an inhibitor of NLRP3 activation to effectively relieve the inflammatory symptoms of SAP through preventing the cleavage of Gasdermin-D into Gasdermin-N via targeted inhibition of cleaved Caspase-1 activation, thus suppressing the pyroptosis of pancreatic and immune cells. Overall, our data highlight the feasibility of CaAuHCF nanocapsules as dual-targeted inhibitors of cytokines and the NLRP3 inflammasome and provide potential nanozyme-based antioxidants for SAP treatment.
Effect of inter-layer thickness on dynamic mechanical properties of rock mass combined with hard and soft media
Authors: SONG Jiahui , WANG Yanbing , XIE Quanmin , YAO Yingkang , REN Bin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In order to explore the influence of interlayer thickness on the dynamic mechanical properties of the rock mass composed of soft and hard media, taking sandstone and granite as the soft and hard rock matrix, the energy evolution and loss laws of the rock mass composed of soft and hard media under different interlayer thicknesses (0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm) were studied by using the split Hopkinson pressure bar device, and the energy driving mechanism of its failure was explored. The discrete lattice spring method (DLSM) was used to simulate the crack growth, stress time and damage strain evolution of rock mass with different interlayer thicknesses. The results show that with the increase of interlayer thickness, the resistance of interlayer to the crack growth and development of rock mass is gradually enhanced, and the energy consumption is gradually increased. The energy driving mechanism for the failure of the composite rock mass containing interlayers of soft and hard media is: under the impact load, the elastic energy in soft rock, hard rock and interlayers increases continuously, and the elastic energy stored in the interlayers of the composite rock mass first reaches its bearing capacity limit, and the interlayers are rapidly destroyed. After the failure of the interlayer, the stored energy is released instantaneously and transferred to the soft rock and hard rock. Cracks begin to appear in the soft rock. Under the combined action of the energy released by the interlayer and the energy stored in the rock itself, the soft rock will have cracks and produce a little damage. The failure of interbedded rock mass starts at the interbedded cementation surface. With the increase of the interbedded thickness, only one side of the sandstone near the cementation surface is partially fractured. The growth rate of rock mass stress is inversely proportional to the interlayer thickness. The rate of damage degree increasing with strain of rock mass with low interlayer thickness (0 mm, 5 mm) is relatively constant compared with that of rock mass with other interlayer thickness. The damage degree of rock mass with high interlayer thickness (10mm, 15mm) increases rapidly with the strain in the late stage of crack growth.
Securing a future for Serbia's newly discovered Lycaena helle: Conservation recommendations from population study and ecological niche models
Authors: Ilić Milan , Stojanović Iva , Nikolić Marko , Popović Miloš 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Lycaena helle is a glacial relict, threatened by habitat and climate change, and designated as conservation priority species. It has been discovered recently within an isolated colony on Stara Planina Mt., facing threats from habitat overgrowing and large scale fires. The study aims to explore species population and map its distribution to aid future conservation efforts. Population was surveyed using mark-release-recapture method, distribution was mapped in the field, while habitat preferences and potential distribution were explored using correlative ecological niche models. The local population of L. helle was estimated to 724 individuals, with more than 10,000 adults in the metapopulation system. Colonization events and increasing metapopulation occupancy suggest functional metapopulation structure. The residence of females (0.84) was lower compared to males (0.95), suggesting their higher emigration in search for oviposition resources. Ecological niche models confirmed species preferences towards higher altitudes with low vegetation cover and nitrate rich soils, where some of these highlands could be lost with the rise in global temperature. A large fire in 2019 rendered a portion of the habitat unsuitable even after five years, while localized fire events did not seem to affect species survival. Implications for insect conservation Large and functional metapopulation of L. helle on Stara Planina Mt. requires limited habitat management to prevent overgrowing, preferably through traditional animal grazing. Conservation efforts are required to map suitable habitats using ecological niche models as a guide, and to implement monitoring protocols for timely habitat interventions and prevention of population decline.
Awareness of Female genital mutilation (FGM) and its determinants among women of reproductive age in Tanzania: Implications for public health Intervention
Authors: Asingwire Jackson Micheal , isiko Isaac , Rombe Kuli Faith , Ikwara Emmanuel Asher , Olot Haron , Izunwanne Manankong Jane Precious , Emmanuel Ogidi Chinaza , Kyada AshishKumar , Benjamin Nerat Stephanie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Female genital mutilation is a cultural practice carried out in African communities such as Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. It involves the partial or complete removal of external female genitalia or damage to the female genital organs for purposes other than medical ones. This study aimed at assessing determinants for female genital mutilation awareness among females of reproductive age in Tanzania
Methods
This was a complex cross-sectional survey that was conducted in Tanzania in 2022. The study population consists of women aged 15–49 and data was collected from February to July 2022. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using STATA software version 17. The significance level of p-value < 0.05 was set at 95% CI and the determinant variables were identified.
Results
The study contained 2531 women of the reproductive. The women with a primary level of education and secondary education had heard of female circumcision with [AOR: 2.62, CI:1.61–4.27]and [AOR: 4.69, CI: 2.40–9.19] odds respectively were higher than women with no education. In addition, the odds of women aged 35–39 having heard of female circumcision were [AOR: 1.75, CI:1.01–3.06] significantly lower than the odds of women between the ages of 15–19. Also, the odds of women who are occupationally employed [AOR: 0.47, CI:0.23–0.97] knew about female circumcision were lower than those employed all year. The odds of women who earn in kind only and have heard of female circumcision [AOR: 0.15, CI: 0.04–0.53] were significantly lower than those. In comparison to reading magazines for at least a week, the odds of having heard of the female is [AOR: 0.43, CI:0.23–0.82] significantly lower than those that did not read magazines, the odds of women watching TV less than once a week and have heard of female circumcision were [AOR:1.99, CI: 1.28–3.10] significantly higher than those that do not watch tv Also, the odds of women watching TV at least a week and having heard of female circumcision were [AOR: 2.11, CI:1.29–3.45] significantly higher than those that do not watch TV
Conclusion
The study shows that the age of women, educational level, type of employment and earnings, literacy level and media exposure as the predictors for female genital mutilation. For policymakers, the study suggests that female circumcision awareness should be incorporated into broader educational and healthcare programs. Improving media literacy and ensuring equitable access to information, especially in rural areas with limited media access, are crucial steps.
Continuous-frequency electric field measurements of D- band terahertz wave based on Rydberg atoms
Authors: CHAI JIWANG , LIU YANG , ZHANG YINGYUN , LIU GUIXIANG , XUE GUANGTAI , XU CHUNSHEGN , HAN SHUNLI 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We present an experimental investigation of continuous-frequency electric field measurement for D-band terahertz wavesbased on Rydberg atoms. Using the continuous superheterodyne methodin near-resonant and non-resonant regions in the center of a Rydberg energy level, a range of several GHz’s continuous-frequency field strength measurement can be realized. By using six Rydberg states, we accomplished continuous field strength measurement in all of D-band terahertz waves. A minimum measurableelectric field strength of 22.08μV/cm is realized, and the maximum value of minimum field strength is 287μV/cm. Our results may provide the support for the development of terahertz atomic spectrum analyzer.
Factors Influencing Radical Remission: A Cross-Sectional Examination of Conventional and Alternative Medicine Alongside Personal Life Attitudes in Chronic Illness.
Authors: Alexander Naida 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Radical remission, defined as the significant and not fully explained recovery from incurable diseases, is reported across various chronic conditions. Despite its significance, there has been limited empirical research on the underlying factors. While conventional medical approaches focus on symptomatic and disease-specific treatment, there is growing interest in complementary and alternative medicine and integrative practices as contributing factors to radical remission. This study aimed to identify common characteristics among patients with radical remission from chronic and incurable diseases and to explore patients’ experiences, specifically evaluating the perceived impact of conventional treatments, complementary and alternative practices, and personal life attitudes on their healing journey.
Methods
Employing a prospective, cross-sectional, survey-based design, this study recruited a diverse sample of individuals (n=61) reporting radical remission from chronic diseases. Participants completed a systematic set of systematic questionnaires regarding their use of conventional, complementary and alternative therapies, and personal life attitudes to determine the perceived effectiveness of each factor in their healing process. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.
Results
While both conventional and complementary and alternative therapies were widely used, complementary and alternative practices, such as mind-body interventions, energy-based therapies, and lifestyle modifications, received higher perceived effectiveness ratings compared to conventional treatments. Personal life attitudes were also widely utilized. Furthermore, these attitudes —including emotional and social support, positive attitudes, and spiritual and religious factors— emerged as the most impactful perceived factor in healing, outperforming both traditional and complementary and alternative therapies. Gender differences also emerged, with women more frequently engaging in complementary and alternative therapies, especially in Eastern medicine and mind-body practices, as compared to men.
Conclusions
This study highlights the perceived roles of complementary and alternative therapies and personal life attitudes in radical remission. Findings suggest that an integrative approach combining conventional, complementary and alternative methods, along with fostering positive life attitudes, may be essential in promoting radical remission. These results advocate for further research on integrative health strategies and emphasize the potential benefits of addressing psychological and spiritual dimensions alongside conventional treatments in chronic disease management.
Fracture and Mechanical Properties of Layered Composite Rocks with Pre-existing Flaws: A Simulation Study Using RFPA2D
Authors: Zhao TENGYUAN 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Layered composite rocks with pre-existing flaws are frequently encountered in engineering applications such as tunneling, mining, and slope excavation. These rocks, due to the interaction between bedding planes and flaws, are more prone to cracking under external loads, potentially leading to catastrophic engineering failures. Understanding the fracture behavior and mechanical properties of such rocks is therefore essential. In this study, the Rock Failure Process Analysis System (RFPA) was employed to simulate the cracking processes in five types of layered composite rocks with collinear flaw pairs at varying bedding angles (θ = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°). Through uniaxial compression tests, we investigated how crack angle and crack length influence the uniaxial compressive strength of each rock type. Additionally, the patterns of crack initiation, propagation, and failure modes were analyzed. The findings provide valuable insights into the role of rock structure and flaw geometry in the cracking process, offering significant implications for disaster prevention in rock engineering involving layered composite rocks with flaws.
Predictive Modeling for Rectal Bleeding Risk in Functional Constipation: Integrating Lifestyle Factors and Machine Learning for Targeted Prevention
Authors: Ghosh Joyeta , Taneja Jyoti , Kant Ravi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Rectal bleeding is a prevalent but often underreported health concern in young adults, where functional constipation and lifestyle factors can play a pivotal role. This study investigates the influence of contemporary lifestyle factors—including dietary patterns, fibre intake, physical activity, and BMI—on rectal bleeding risk in young adults with functional constipation. Using a descriptive observational study design, data were collected from 875 college-aged individuals in India to analyse lifestyle and clinical factors associated with rectal bleeding. A variety of machine learning models were tested to develop an accurate predictive model for bleeding risk assessment. Findings revealed significant correlations between dietary habits and rectal bleeding; individuals consuming less than 50g of boiled vegetables or oatmeal daily experienced bleeding at a rate of 43.92% (p < 0.001), while low whole grain intake (> 25g daily) was linked to a 44.81% bleeding rate. BMI also significantly impacted bleeding risk (p = 0.008), with higher incidence among overweight/obese participants. The KNeighbors Classifier was identified as the most effective predictive model, achieving 98.86% accuracy with an ROC area of 0.994, where symptomatic factors outweighed lifestyle factors in predicting bleeding risk. This machine learning model offers a promising tool for early risk identification, supporting lifestyle interventions, particularly in fibre intake and weight management, to reduce bleeding risk in this population.