bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheology of Cementitious Materials: Alkali-Activated Materials or Geopolymers
Authors: Puertas F. , Alonso M.M: , Gismera S. , Lanzón M. , Blanco-Varela M.T. 
Published: February 2018

A clear alternative to reach the goal of sustainable development in the Construction Sector is the development of alternative building materials to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in a more energetically as well as environmentally eco-efficient way. Alkaline cements (Alkali-Activated Materials, AAMs) and geopolymers meet these requirements; and they are based on the alkali activation of aluminosilicates (mainly waste and industrial by-products, such as blast furnace slag, fly ash and ceramic waste) in highly alkaline solutions. AAMs cements and concretes are notable for being very durable and mechanically resistant. However, to date their rheological behaviour is not well controlled and there is little understanding of it, with very disparate experimental data. Despite this, their rheological behaviour is not fully understood and little is known on the disparate data obtained in AAM pastes. Moreover, the common additives used in the preparation of OPC concretes and the rheology modifiers/controllers are also unstable in the AAMs systems.
Understanding and controlling the rheology of the AAMs systems will ultimately determine whether they can be implemented in the market, and will open up greater competitive possibilities in a crisis-affected sector. A systematic study of the factors that affect the rheological properties of AAMs (pastes, mortars and concretes) is therefore necessary in order to ultimately develop more resistant and durable materials.
Effect of mechanical activation of fly ash added to Moroccan Portland cement
Authors: Ez-zaki H. , Diouri A. , Maher M. , Aidi A. , Guedira T. 
Published: February 2018

Nowadays, the cement industry is the largest emitter of CO2. In 2015, cement production accounts for roughly 8% of global CO2 emissions. In order to reduce this impact, cement plants are working on alternative solutions, for instance, producing cement by adding additives like fly ash known for reducing the emissions of CO2 and minimizing production costs. The thermal power stations in Morocco produce more than 500 000 tons per year. For ecological and sustainable development reasons, it is desirable to recycle these quantities according to beneficial methods to their addition in the cement.
This study aims to investigate the influence of grinding fly ash on the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of fly ash blended CPJ45 cement. The addition of the fly ash particles to the grinder leads respectively to the breakage of the particles and to reduce the agglomeration effect in the balls of cement grinder. Fly ash milling was found to improve particles fineness, and increase the silica and alumina content in the cement. Furthermore, milled fly ash blended cements show higher compressive strength compared to unmilled fly ash blended cements, due to improved fly ash reactivity through their mechanical activation.
Cluster Preface: Alkene Halofunctionalization
Authors: Johnston Jeffrey , Rovis Tomislav 
Published: February 2018

Jeffrey N. Johnston is a 1992 graduate of Xavier University where he completed his B.S. Chemistry degree (Honors, summa cum laude). With summer research stints in medicinal, polymer, and inorganic pigment chemistry under his belt, he transitioned to synthetic organic chemistry at The Ohio State University where he worked with Leo Paquette for his graduate work (PhD 1997). He completed postdoctoral studies with ­David Evans at Harvard University (USA) and was supported by an NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship. His independent career began in 1999 at Indiana University, where he was promoted to Professor of Chemistry before moving to Vanderbilt University in 2006. He is currently a Stevenson Professor of Chemistry. The commitment of his students and postdoctoral scholars to the discovery and development of new reactions and reagents, particularly in enantioselective catalysis, have led to numerous honors, including the Cope Scholar Award, a Fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, a Swiss Chemical Society Lectureship, and an Eli Lilly Grantee Award. It was graduate student Mark Dobish's discovery of the chiral proton-catalyzed enantioselective iodolactonization reaction (J. Am Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 6068) that began his group's exploits of alkene halofunctionalization reactions for the good of chemical synthesis.
Tomislav Rovis was born in Zagreb in former Yugoslavia but was largely raised in southern Ontario, Canada. He earned his PhD degree at the University of Toronto (Canada) in 1998 under the direction of Professor Mark Lautens. From 1998–2000, he was an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard University (USA) with Professor David A. Evans. In 2000, he began his independent career at Colorado State University and was promoted in 2005 to Associate Professor and in 2008 to Professor. His group’s accomplishments have been recognized by a number of awards including an Arthur C. Cope Scholar, an NSF CAREER Award, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a ­Katritzky Young Investigator in Heterocyclic Chemistry. In 2016, he moved to Columbia University where he is currently Professor of Chemistry.
Recombinant FXIII (rFXIII-A2) Prophylaxis Prevents Bleeding and Allows for Surgery in Patients with Congenital FXIII A-Subunit Deficiency
Authors: Carcao Manuel , Altisent Carmen , Castaman Giancarlo , Fukutake Katsuyuki , Kerlin Bryce , Kessler Craig , Lassila Riitta , Nugent Diane , Oldenburg Johannes , Garly May-Lill , Rosholm Anders , Inbal Aida 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecombinant factor XIII-A2 (rFXIII-A2) was developed for prophylaxis and treatment of bleeds in patients with congenital FXIII A-subunit deficiency. mentor™2 (NCT00978380), a multinational, open-label, single-arm, multiple-dosing extension to the pivotal mentor™1 trial, assessed long-term safety and efficacy of rFXIII-A2 prophylaxis in eligible patients (patients with severe [<0.05 IU/mL] congenital FXIII subunit A deficiency) aged ≥6 years. Patients received 35 IU/kg rFXIII-A2 (exact dosing) every 28 ± 2 days for ≥52 weeks. Primary endpoint was safety (adverse events including immunogenicity); secondary endpoints were rate of bleeds requiring FXIII treatment, haemostatic response after one 35 IU/kg rFXIII-A2 dose for breakthrough bleeds and withdrawals due to lack of rFXIII-A2 efficacy. Steady-state pharmacokinetic variables were also summarized. Elective surgery was permitted during the treatment period. Sixty patients were exposed to rFXIII-A2; their median age was 26.0 years (range: 7.0–77.0). rFXIII-A2 was well tolerated without any safety concerns. No non-neutralizing or neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) against FXIII were detected. Mean annualized bleeding rate (ABR) was 0.043/patient-year. Mean spontaneous ABR was 0.011/patient-year. No patients withdrew due to lack of efficacy. Geometric mean FXIII trough level was 0.17 IU/mL. Geometric terminal half-life was 13.7 days. rFXIII-A2 prophylaxis provided sufficient haemostatic coverage for 12 minor surgeries without the need for additional FXIII therapy; eight procedures were performed within 7 days of the patient's last scheduled rFXIII-A2 dose, and four were performed 10 to 21 days after the last dose.
α2-Macroglobulin Is a Significant In Vivo Inhibitor of Activated Protein C and Low APC:α2M Levels Are Associated with Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Martos Laura , Ramón Luis , Oto Julia , Fernández-Pardo Álvaro , Bonanad Santiago , Cid Ana , Gruber Andras , Griffin John , España Francisco , Navarro Silvia , Medina Pilar 
Published: February 2018

Background Activated protein C (APC) is a major regulator of thrombin formation. Two major plasma inhibitors form complexes with APC, protein C inhibitor (PCI) and α1-antitrypsin (α1AT), and these complexes have been quantified by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Also, complexes of APC with α2-macroglobulin (α2M) have been observed by immunoblotting. Here, we report an ELISA for APC:α2M complexes in plasma.
Methods Plasma samples were pre-treated with dithiothreitol and then with iodoacetamide. The detection range of the newly developed APC:α2M assay was 0.031 to 8.0 ng/mL of complexed APC. Following infusions of APC in humans and baboons, complexes of APC with α2M, PCI and α1AT were quantified. These complexes as well as circulating APC were also measured in 121 patients with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and 119 matched controls.
Results In all the in vivo experiments, α2M was a significant APC inhibitor. The VTE case–control study showed that VTE patients had significantly lower APC:α2M and APC levels than the controls (p < 0.001). Individuals in the lowest quartile of APC:α2M or the lowest quartile of APC had approximately four times more VTE risk than those in the highest quartile of APC:α2M or of APC. The risk increased for individuals with low levels of both parameters.
Conclusion The APC:α2M assay reported here may be useful to help monitor the in vivo fate of APC in plasma. In addition, our results show that a low APC:α2M level is associated with increased VTE risk.
Does local dynamic stability of kayak paddling technique affect the sports performance? A pilot study
Authors: Hamacher Daniel , Krebs Tobias , Meyer Guido , Zech Astrid 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTDuring competition, kayak athletes must optimally adapt to environmental factors (e.g. wind, waves) to achieve peak performance. However, the ability to adapt to such perturbations has never been assessed in kayak paddling. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the local dynamic stability in sports technique of youth sprint kayak athletes. In a cross‐sectional study, 14 healthy male athletes were recruited from an elite youth sprint kayak squad. During an incremental kayak ergometer test, mean power, heart rates and local dynamic technique stability of hands, arms, trunk and paddle were registered and the association with the athletes 2000 m free‐water times were estimated using mixed models. The 2000 m free‐water performance significantly predicted the paddles (p = .037) local dynamic stability whereas no association was found for the trunk or the upper extremity kinematics. In conclusion, kayak athletes with high‐performance capability over 2000 m paddling depict high local dynamic technique stability. This emphasizes the importance of a stable technique for advanced kayak skills, especially regarding paddling movements.
The genome sequence and transcriptome of Potentilla micrantha and their comparison to Fragaria vesca (the woodland strawberry)
Authors: Buti Matteo , Moretto Marco , Barghini Elena , Mascagni Flavia , Natali Lucia , Brilli Matteo , Lomsadze Alexandre , Sonego Paolo , Giongo Lara , Alonge Michael , Velasco Riccardo , Varotto Claudio , Šurbanovski Nada , Borodovsky Mark , Ward Judson A , Engelen Kristof , Cavallini Andrea , Cestaro Alessandro , Sargent Daniel James 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
The genus Potentilla is closely related to that of Fragaria, the economically important strawberry genus. Potentilla micrantha is a species that does not develop berries but shares numerous morphological and ecological characteristics with Fragaria vesca. These similarities make P. micrantha an attractive choice for comparative genomics studies with F. vesca.

Findings
In this study, the P. micrantha genome was sequenced and annotated, and RNA-Seq data from the different developmental stages of flowering and fruiting were used to develop a set of gene predictions. A 327 Mbp sequence and annotation of the genome of P. micrantha, spanning 2674 sequence contigs, with an N50 size of 335,712, estimated to cover 80% of the total genome size of the species was developed. The genus Potentilla has a characteristically larger genome size than Fragaria, but the recovered sequence scaffolds were remarkably collinear at the micro-syntenic level with the genome of F. vesca, its closest sequenced relative. A total of 33,602 genes were predicted, and 95.1% of bench-marking universal single-copy orthologous genes were complete within the presented sequence. Thus, we argue that the majority of the gene-rich regions of the genome have been sequenced.

Conclusions
Comparisons of RNA-Seq data from the stages of floral and fruit development revealed genes differentially expressed between P. micrantha and F. vesca.The data presented are a valuable resource for future studies of berry development in Fragaria and the Rosaceae and they also shed light on the evolution of genome size and organization in this family.
Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship: A Growing Frontier—Combining Myxovirus Resistance Protein A With Other Biomarkers to Improve Antibiotic Use
Authors: Joseph Patrick , Godofsky Eliot 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of oral antibiotics are prescribed in outpatient primary and urgent care clinics for acute respiratory infections. Effective antibiotic stewardship must include proper prescribing for outpatients as well as for those in a hospital or long-term care facility.MethodsMajor databases, including MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library, were searched for prospective human clinical studies, including children and/or adults published between January 1966 and November 2017 that evaluated Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) as a biomarker for diagnosing viral infections as well as both C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) as potential biomarkers for identifying and differentiating true bacterial upper respiratory infection (URI) from colonization.ResultsTen prospective human studies, totaling 1683 patients, were identified that evaluated MxA as a viral biomarker in children and/or adults. Both systematic review articles, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled clinical trials that examined CRP and/or PCT as a biomarker for identifying clinically significant bacterial infections and supporting antibiotic stewardship were identified.ConclusionsQuick and accurate differentiation between a viral and bacterial respiratory infection is critical to effectively combat antibiotic misuse. MxA expression in peripheral blood is a highly specific marker for viral infection. Combining MxA with other inflammatory biomarkers to test for respiratory infections offers enhanced sensitivity and specificity, forming an excellent tool for antibiotic stewardship in the outpatient setting.
Building programs in a Linux environment
Authors: Boudreau Joseph F. , Swanson Eric S. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A specific computing technology is commonplace in the ecosystem of modern scientific computing. Elements of this technology, including the linux and OS/X operating systems and the C++ computing language, are introduced, and provide the student with a basis for writing and building programs to solve mathematical and scientific problems that occur throughout the text and most likely throughout a career in the physical sciences. While high-level languages may facilitate computation (or not), they often complicate the build procedure. This chapter discusses the steps involved in the build of simple and more complicated programs and program libraries, the use of external libraries or APIs, and automation of build procedures. Advice is given on mysterious problems in the build and execution of a program, and on the utilities that can be used to elucidate them. Source code management systems are also discussed.
Polymorphism
Authors: Boudreau Joseph F. , Swanson Eric S. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Polymorphism is a programming style that is supported by C++ and other languages which allows objects of different classes to be treated in a common way and permits high level abstractions for C++ functions. With proper use, polymorphism can become the basis of robust, flexible code that anticipates future extensions without requiring modification to an existing code base. It underpins a programming style called object-oriented programming, which can be used to manage the complexity of a computing project, and which must be fully understood to function in a modern programming environment. The nuts-and-bolts of polymorphism and object-oriented programming, such as inheritance and virtual functions, are discussed and illustrated with examples from numerical programming.
Nonlinear dynamics and chaos
Authors: Boudreau Joseph F. , Swanson Eric S. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Simple maps and dynamical systems are used to explore chaos in nature. The discussion starts with a review of the properties of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, including the useful concepts of phase portraits, fixed points, and limit cycles. These notions are developed further in an examination of iterative maps that reveal chaotic behavior. Next, the damped driven oscillator is used to illustrate the Lyapunov exponent that can be used to quantify chaos. The famous KAM theorem on the conditions under which chaotic behavior occurs in physical systems is also presented. The principle is illustrated with the Hénon-Heiles model of a star in a galactic environment and billiard models that describe the motion of balls in closed two-dimensional regions.
Templates, the standard C++ library, and modern C++
Authors: Boudreau Joseph F. , Swanson Eric S. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This chapter is devoted to programming techniques which rely on the C++ template mechanism. This mechanism, which is the basis of a computing style known as generic programming, allows whole families of functions and classes to be easily written. It is described early in the chapter. A host of extremely useful template functions and classes is universally available in the C++ standard library, including container classes (vector, list, set, and map) and algorithms used to sort, shuffle, and otherwise manipulate or query their contents. The chapter closes with an introduction to the newer constructs of modern C++: smart pointers, lambda functions, the auto keyword, range-based for loops, and more. An application to group theory is explored in the exercises.
Introduction
Authors: Schmidt Susanne K. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
An intergovernmental treaty that has specific aims for cooperation has a very different thrust than national constitutions, which are designed to allow political order and to safeguard individual rights. I argue that the literature in political science on the ECJ is too focused on showing how member states can influence the Court. It overlooks the supranational outcomes that ensue when the Treaty contains policy prescriptions, while being constitutionalized through supremacy and direct effect. Through its case law, the Court provides additions to the Treaty. To demonstrate the importance of judicial policymaking through case-law development and codification, three steps are fundamental to the book’s argument. First, we have to understand both case-law development and the impact of the Court. Secondly and thirdly, we must ask how the ECJ’s case law may make a difference to policymaking at both the European and member-state levels.
Europeanization With and Against the Odds
Authors: Schmidt Susanne K. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The extent to which member states still enjoy the autonomy to regulate their society and economy ultimately depends on the way the Court interprets the constraints of the Treaty. As a consequence, the domestic impact of the EU goes beyond the implementation of European secondary law, which Europeanization research focuses on. European case law should take immediate effect in the member states, but the literature in this area expects member states to contain compliance. Chapter 6 contrasts two case studies for markedly different member-state reactions to case law: the German reaction to the Meilicke tax cases and the Irish reaction to the Zambrano case. While the Meilicke case confirms that case law does not generally have a direct impact at the member-state level, the implementation of the Zambrano case by Ireland and other member states shows that member states also implement EU case law in a rule-of-law fashion.
The Europeanization Effects of Case Law
Authors: Schmidt Susanne K. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Chapter 7 seeks to summarize what we can learn from different case studies concerning member-state responses to EU case law. Compliance with secondary law requires the implementation of specific policies, but case law cannot make comprehensive policy prescriptions. Instead, it normally prohibits certain member-state policies by declaring them to be in conflict with EU law. There can be no expectation for the one-dimensional impact of case law, I argue. Given that the Europeanization effects of case law have hardly been researched, I give an overview of different responses, structured according to executive, legislative, and judiciary reactions, which are considered alongside the responses from societal actors. In particular, the example of EU citizens’ access to tax-financed social benefits shows how difficult it is for national administrations to translate case-law principles into general administrative procedures.
Multiple Impurity Scattering
Authors: Morawetz Klaus 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFurnished with basic ideas about the scattering on a single impurity, the motion of a particle scattered by many randomly distributed impurities is approached. In spite of having a single particle only, this system already belongs to many-body physics as it combines randomising effects of high-angle collisions with mean-field effects due to low-angle collisions. The averaged wave function leads to the Dyson equation. Various approximations are systematically introduced and discussed ranging from Born, averaged T-matrix to coherent potential approximation. The effective medium and the effective mass as wave function renormalisations are discussed and the various approximations are accurately compared.
Systems with Condensates and Pairing
Authors: Morawetz Klaus 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Bose–Einstein condensation and appearance of superfluidity and superconductivity are introduced from basic phenomena. A systematic theory based on the asymmetric expansion of chapter 11 is shown to correct the T-matrix from unphysical multiple-scattering events. The resulting generalised Soven scheme provides the Beliaev equations for Boson’s and the Nambu–Gorkov equations for fermions without the usage of anomalous and non-conserving propagators. This systematic theory allows calculating the fluctuations above and below the critical parameters. Gap equations and Bogoliubov–DeGennes equations are derived from this theory. Interacting Bose systems with finite temperatures are discussed with successively better approximations ranging from Bogoliubov and Popov up to corrected T-matrices. For superconductivity, the asymmetric theory leading to the corrected T-matrix allows for establishing the stability of the condensate and decides correctly about the pair-breaking mechanisms in contrast to conventional approaches. The relation between the correlated density from nonlocal kinetic theory and the density of Cooper pairs is shown.
Nonlocal Collision Integral
Authors: Morawetz Klaus 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe kinetic equation with the nonlocal shifts is presented as the final result on the way to derive the kinetic equation with nonlocal corrections. The exclusive dependence of the nonlocal and non-instant corrections on the scattering phase shift confirms the results from the theory of gases. With the approximation on the level of the Brueckner reaction matrix, the corresponding non-instant and nonlocal scattering integral in parallel with the classical Enskog’s equation, can be treated with Monte-Carlo simulation techniques. Neglecting the shifts, the Landau theory of quasiparticle transport appears. In this sense the presented kinetic theory unifies both approaches. An intrinsic symmetry is found from the optical theorem which allows for representing the collision integral equivalently either in particle-hole symmetric or space-time symmetric form.