bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of trismus in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Watters Amber L. , Cope Shane , Keller Meir N. , Padilla Mariela , Enciso Reyes 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the prevalence of trismus in patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to April 2018. Level of evidence was assessed based on Oxford Centre for Evidence‐based Medicine. Publications were restricted to prospective cohort studies (n = 15), randomized clinical trials (n = 3), and cross‐sectional studies (n = 5) reporting on trismus as mouth maximum opening less than or equal to 35 mm in the English language.ResultsA total of 636 abstracts were reviewed for inclusion. Twenty‐three studies were included in qualitative analysis and 15 studies in meta‐analysis. The results included 2786 patients with head and neck cancer treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy either alone or in combination. Based on meta‐analyses, the weighted average prevalence of trismus increased from 17.3% at baseline (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.8%‐26.5%) to a peak of 44.1% at 6 months (95% CI, 36.7%‐51.8%) and decreased to 32.1% at 12 months (95% CI, 27.2%‐37.4%) and continued in average 32.6% at 3‐10 years (95% CI, 22.0%‐45.3%).ConclusionsHaving a primary site of the oral cavity or oropharynx was associated with a higher risk for developing trismus based on individual studies. Prospective cohort studies or randomized controlled trials with multiple objective trismus measurements, evaluation of disease characteristics, and treatment variables are needed to further investigate the prevalence of trismus secondary to head and neck cancer treatment.
Outcomes of dental and craniofacial osseointegrated implantation in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Moore Phillip , Grinsell Damien , Lyons Bernard , Hewson Ian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of head and neck cancer may result in disfiguring and debilitating anatomical changes. Osseointegrated implants may be used in these patients to facilitate attachment of implant‐retained dentures or cosmetic prostheses.MethodsA retrospective audit was performed, reviewing the treatment of patients who received dental or craniofacial osseointegrated implants during treatment of head and neck cancer.ResultsOne hundred sixty implants were inserted in 54 patients with oral, nasal, orbital, or auricular defects. Overall, 85% of implants were successful after mean follow‐up of 25.7 months. The brand of implant used was shown to impart a statistically significant implant survival difference, and orbital implants had poorer survival compared to nonorbital implants. There was a statistical insignificant implant survival advantage in both nonsmokers and patients who did not undergo radiotherapy.ConclusionsDental and craniofacial osseointegrated implants may be reliably used in patients with head and neck cancer. However, further research is required to clarify the role of smoking in osseointegrated implant failure.
Sestrin 3 Protects Against Diet‐Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice Through Suppression of Transforming Growth Factor β Signal Transduction
Authors: Huang Menghao , Kim Hyeong Geug , Zhong Xiaolin , Dong Chuanpeng , Zhang Brian , Fang Zhigang , Zhang Yang , Lu Xiaoyu , Saxena Romil , Liu Yunlong , Zhang Chi , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Dong X. Charlie 
Published: June 2019

Sestrin 3 (Sesn3) belongs to the three‐member sestrin protein family. Sestrins have been implicated in antioxidative stress, adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin signal transduction, and metabolic homeostasis. However, the role of Sesn3 in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not been previously studied. In this work, we generated Sesn3 whole‐body knockout and liver‐specific transgenic mice to investigate the hepatic function of Sesn3 in diet‐induced NASH. With only 4 weeks of dietary treatment, Sesn3 knockout mice developed severe NASH phenotype as characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Strikingly, after 8‐week feeding with a NASH‐inducing diet, Sesn3 transgenic mice were largely protected against NASH development. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that multiple extracellular matrix–related processes were up‐regulated, including transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) signaling and collagen production. Further biochemical and cell biological analyses have illustrated a critical control of the TGF‐β–mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) pathway by Sesn3 at the TGF‐β receptor and Smad3 levels. First, Sesn3 inhibits the TGF‐β receptor through an interaction with Smad7; second, Sesn3 directly inhibits the Smad3 function through protein–protein interaction and cytosolic retention. Conclusion: Sesn3 is a critical regulator of the extracellular matrix and hepatic fibrosis by suppression of TGF‐β–Smad3 signaling.
DNA‐Organized Light‐Harvesting Antennae: Energy Transfer in Polyaromatic Stacks Proceeds through Interposed Nucleobase Pairs
Authors: Bösch Caroline D. , Abay Elif , Langenegger Simon M. , Nazari Maryam , Cannizzo Andrea , Feurer Thomas , Häner Robert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDNA‐based light‐harvesting antennae with varying arrangements of light‐absorbing phenanthrene donor units and a pyrene acceptor dye were synthesized and tested for their light‐harvesting properties. Excitation of phenanthrene is followed by rapid transfer of the excitation energy to the pyrene chromophore. A block of six light‐absorbing phenanthrenes was separated from the site of the acceptor in a stepwise manner by an increasing number of intervening AT base pairs. Energy transfer occurs through interposed AT base pairs and is still detected when the phenanthrene antenna is separated by 5 AT base pairs.
How to inform relatives at risk of hereditary diseases? A mixed‐methods systematic review on patient attitudes
Authors: van den Heuvel L.M. , Smets E.M.A. , van Tintelen J.P. , Christiaans I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhen a genetic disease‐causing variant causing autosomal dominant diseases is identified, predictive DNA testing is possible for at‐risk relatives to investigate whether they are carrying the familial variant. In current practice, the proband is asked to inform at‐risk relatives, often supported by a family letter. This review summarizes the literature on preferences of probands and relatives regarding how and by whom at‐risk relatives should be informed. A search involving digital databases (Pubmed, Medline, and PsycInfo) focusing on patient attitudes toward informing relatives at risk of autosomal dominant onco‐, cardio‐, or neurogenetic disease, resulted in 1,431 screened records, of which 117 full‐text papers were assessed. Eventually, 32 studies were selected. This review shows that a majority of participants was in favor of someone in the family to inform their at‐risk relatives, with participants generally feeling responsible for informing relatives at risk themselves. However, variation in patient preferences regarding who should inform was observed. Face‐to‐face disclosure by the proband with additional information material for relatives provided by HCPs was most appreciated. Actively offered support of healthcare professionals was desired. In conclusion, although the family‐mediated approach was appreciated by a majority of participants, support by healthcare professionals was desired. By taking patient attitudes into account, the approach used to inform at‐risk relatives could be improved. Subsequently, more relatives will be informed and enabled to attend genetic counseling and make an informed decision regarding predictive DNA testing. Further research on patient attitudes, specifying for disease type and cultural background, is needed.
SERPINE2 rs16865421 polymorphism is associated with a lower risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Uygur population: A case–control study
Authors: Li Li , Li Shi Yue , Zhong Xuemei , Ren Jie , Tian Xuwei , Tuerxun Maimaitiaili , Xie Chengxin , Li Feifei , Zheng Aifang , Aini Paierda , Yasen Mukeremu , Wang Huaizhen , Zou Xiaoguang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship between seven polymorphisms of the serine protease inhibitor‐2 (SERPINE2) gene and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Uygur population via a case–control study.MethodsIn total, 440 Uygur patients with COPD were included in the patient group and 384 healthy individuals were recruited in the matched control group. Data on demographic variables, smoking status, occupational dust exposure history and living conditions were collected. Polymorphism analysis was performed for seven loci of the SERPINE2 gene by mass spectrometry.ResultsThe genotype distribution of rs16865421 showed a significant difference between the patient and control groups (p < 0.05). Participants carrying the rs16865421‐AG heterozygous mutant genotype had a lower risk of COPD compared to those with the rs16865421‐A allele (odds ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval = 0.47–0.98, p = 0.041). However, no such association was found for rs1438831, rs6734100, rs6748795, rs7583463, rs840088 and rs975278. No significant interaction was observed between the genotypes and risk factors.ConclusionsPolymorphisms of rs16865421‐AG carried by the Uygur population may be protective against COPD.
Critical role for PI3Kγ-dependent neutrophil reactive oxygen species in WKYMVm-induced microvascular hyperpermeability
Authors: Hao Li , Lei Xi , Zhou Hong , Marshall Aaron J , Liu Lixin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPI3K has been indicated in regulating microvascular permeability changes during inflammation. However, its role in neutrophil-driven microvascular leakage in acute inflammation remains unclear. Using intravital microscopy in mice, we examined the role of PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ in formyl peptide WKYMVm- and chemokine CXCL2-induced permeability changes and assessed simultaneously neutrophil adhesion and emigration in post-capillary venules of murine cremaster muscle. We found a PI3Kγ-specific mechanism in WKYMVm-induced but not CXCL2-induced microvascular hyperpermeability. The increased microvascular permeability triggered by WKYMVm was not entirely due to neutrophil adhesion and emigration in cremasteric microvasculature in different PI3K transgenic mouse strains. The PI3Kγ-specific hyperpermeability was neutrophil-mediated as this was reduced after depletion of neutrophils in mouse circulation. Chimeric mice with PI3Kγ-deficient neutrophils but wild-type endothelium also showed reduced hyperpermeability. Furthermore, we found that the catalytic function of PI3Kγ was required for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in neutrophils stimulated with WKYMVm. Pharmacological scavenging PI3Kγ-dependent ROS in the tissue eliminated the discrepancy in hyperpermeability between different PI3K transgenic mice and alleviated WKYMVm-induced microvascular leakage in all mouse strains tested. In conclusion, our study uncovers the critical role for PI3Kγ-dependent ROS generation by neutrophils in formyl peptide-induced microvascular hyperpermeability during neutrophil recruitment.
The synthesis of isotopologues of AZD7307: A selective β2‐adrenoreceptor agonist
Authors: Kingston Lee P. , Hickey Michael J. , Elmore Charles S. 
Published: June 2019

A medicinal chemistry program to develop potent and selective LABA compounds required the synthesis of both carbon‐14 and stable‐isotope labelled materials. Carbon‐14 labelled AZD7307 was successfully synthesised in 6 steps from [14C]chloroacetyl chloride in an overall radiochemical yield of 10%. In addition, the synthetic route of a stable labelled isotopomer of AZD7307 is also described and synthesised in four linear steps from [13C6]cyclohexylamine hydrochloride in an overall yield of 12%.
Can clinical radiomics nomogram based on 3D multiparametric MRI features and clinical characteristics estimate early recurrence of pelvic chondrosarcoma?
Authors: Yin Ping , Mao Ning , Liu Xia , Sun Chao , Wang Sicong , Chen Lei , Hong Nan 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundChondrosarcoma (CS) is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor, with a relatively high recurrence rate. However, an effective method that estimates whether pelvic CS will recur after surgery, which influences the formulation of a clinical treatment plan, remains lacking.PurposeTo develop and validate a clinical radiomics nomograms based on 3D multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) features and clinical characteristics that could estimate early recurrence (ER) (≤1 year) of pelvic CS.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 103 patients (ER = 41, non‐ER = 62) with histologically proven CS were retrospectively analyzed and divided into a training set (n = 72) and a validation set (n = 31).Field Strength/Sequence3.0T axial T1‐weighted (T1‐w), T2‐weighted (T2‐w), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (CET1‐w).AssessmentRisk factors (sex, age, type, grade, resection margins, etc.) associated with ER were evaluated. Five individual models based on T1‐w, T2‐w, DWI, CET1‐w, and clinical data were built. Then we compared the performance of models based on T1‐w, T2‐w, CET1‐w and their combination. Lastly, two nomograms based on the best model + clinical data and DWI + clinical data were built.Statistical TestsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and accuracy (ACC) were used to evaluate different models.ResultsGrade was the most important univariate clinical predictor of ER of pelvic CS patients (odds ratio [OR]1 = 4.616, OR2 = 8.939, P < 0.05). T1‐w + T2‐w + CET1‐w had a significantly higher performance than CET1‐w in the training set (P = 0.01). Radiomics features are more important than clinical characteristics in clinical radiomics nomograms, especially for multisequence combined features (OR = 3.208, P < 0.01). Clinical radiomics nomogram based on combined features (T1‐w + T2‐w + CET1‐w) + clinical data achieved an AUC of 0.891 and ACC of 0.857, followed by DWI + clinical data (AUC = 0.882, ACC = 0.760) in the validation set.Data ConclusionThe clinical radiomics nomogram had good performance in estimating ER of pelvic CS patients, which would be helpful in clinical decision‐making.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:435–445.
Comparative efficacy of modified atmospheres enriched with carbon dioxide against Cadra (=Ephestia) cautella
Authors: Tutuncu Sule , Emekci Mevlut 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCadra (=Ephestia) cautella (Walker) is a serious cosmopolitan pest that can feed on a wide variety of stored foods. It is controlled mainly by fumigation with phosphine, to which strong resistance has been documented in major stored‐product insects in many countries. The need for reliable, user‐ and environmentally friendly alternatives is therefore high on the agenda to avoid the development of potential resistance and to reduce human exposure to toxic insecticides. Two modified atmospheres (MAs) composed of high carbon dioxide (CO2) and low oxygen (O2) (90% and 96% CO2 in air) were studied at the laboratory at 20 °C and 65 ± 3% relative humidity (RH) against C. cautella.RESULTSEggs (1, 2, and 3 days old), young and mature larvae (10 and 20 days old), pupae (1, 2 and 3 days old) and adults (1 day old) were exposed to two MAs consisting of high CO2 and low O2 for the range of 2 to 104 h. Eggs, old larvae, and pupae were found to be the most tolerant. Adults were rather easily killed and young larvae were the most susceptible. Lethal exposure time (LT99) values were between 11.74 h and 128.97 h.CONCLUSIONModified atmospheres consisting of high CO2 and low O2 offer an affordable combination to control C. cautella effectively. From the perspective of economics and efficacy, 90% CO2 might be the concentration of choice. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of the effects of dynamic high‐pressure microfluidization and conventional homogenization on the quality of peach juice
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Wang Shuangshuang , Wang Wenjing , Ge Zhenzhen , Zhang Lihua , Li Changwen , Zhang Bei , Zong Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDynamic high‐pressure microfluidization (DHPM) is an emerging and promising technique for continuous production of fluid foods. This study aimed to investigate the influence of DHPM and conventional homogenization (CH) on the quality of peach juice. Processing was performed by passing peach juice through CH at 20 MPa and DHPM at 20–160 MPa for one or three passes. The effect of DHPM pressure and passing number were also assessed.RESULTSThe results indicate that DHPM could maintain the antioxidant activity of peach juice much better than CH processing. Total phenolic compounds were decreased by 11.7% and 7.9%–15.8% through CH and DHPM processing in different conditions. Moreover, particle size, non‐enzymatic browning index and turbidity decreased significantly under DHPM and CH processing, and decreased more and more with the increasing of DHPM pressure and treatment times. However, vitamin C content and zeta‐potential did not reveal remarkable variation before and after these two types of processing.CONCLUSIONTaken together, DHPM is able to maintain the quality and stability of peach juice, which can be a reliable technological alternative to CH to produce fresh‐like peach juices. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A data‐mining‐based approach for aeolian desertification susceptibility assessment: A case‐study from Northern China
Authors: Yaojie Yue , Min Li , Lin Wang , A‐Xing Zhu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDesertification is a grave threat to the environment and livelihoods. Desertification susceptibility assessment (DSA) plays a critical role in reasonable desertification prevention planning by mapping the extent, intensity, and classification of desertification. Numerous desertification maps have been produced using various DSA methods. However, the method of rapid desertification mapping by objectively discovering valuable DSA knowledge from experienced experts stored in such maps has rarely been explored. We propose a data‐mining‐based approach to mapping aeolian desertification that applies the decision tree (DT) C5.0 (C5) algorithm as a knowledge discovery tool to the reference map and corresponding environmental variables. The results of our case‐study in Northern China show that the overall accuracy of aeolian desertification classification based on C5 is 86.69%, and the predicted map is highly consistent with the reference map. The DT algorithm outperforms the artificial neural network and naive Bayes approaches. Our results highlight the importance of selecting more representative training samples across where interleaved distributions of multiple aeolian desertification land exist when applying the DT algorithm. The findings of the present study are valuable for highlighting the significance of the data mining approach in DSA, with the growth of desertification maps. Given that aeolian desertification is a complex process coupling natural and human factors, and there are significant regional and scale differences in Northern China, further studies at a fine‐scale regarding human factors deserve more attention.
A High‐Index Ge2Sb2Te5‐Based Fabry–Perot Cavity and Its Application for Third‐Harmonic Generation
Authors: Cao Tun , Liu Kuan , Tang Yutao , Deng Junhong , Li Kingfai , Li Guixin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThird‐order harmonic generation (THG) plays a vital role in microscopy, optical communications, etc. Conventional methods of obtaining efficient THG in macroscopic crystals is already mature; however, they will finally limit the miniaturization and integration of on‐chip laser sources. To date, THG from either photonic crystals or metamaterials provides compact photonic platforms; however, selection of materials remains elusive. Herein, a giant enhancement of THG efficiency from an air/high index Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST)/gold multi‐layered Fabry–Perot cavity is experimentally demonstrated. At cavity resonant wavelength in near‐infrared regime, the efficiency of THG from a 50‐nm thick amorphous GST planar film is boosted 422 times compared to that of nonresonant conditions. Interestingly, the THG efficiency has a dramatic decrease of three orders when the structural state of GST is transformed from amorphous to crystalline. These findings have a potential for achieving an ultracompact nonlinear optical source with high efficiency and switchable functionality.
Laser Vaginal Tightening Complications: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Al‐Badr Ahmed , Alkhamis Waleed H. 
Published: June 2019

Background and ObjectivesLaser vaginal tightening (LVT) outpatient procedures have become increasingly popular for cosmetic reasons, for enhancement of sexual functioning and to treat vaginal laxity, mild pelvic organ prolapsed (POP), and urinary incontinence, although scientific short‐ and long‐term evidence is lacking.Study Design/Materials and MethodsReport of three patients with vaginal laxity who previously underwent LVT procedures.ResultsThree premenopausal women who previously underwent LVT for vaginal laxity but had no improvement. On subsequent posterior vaginal repair procedures, their vaginal mucosa was found to be scarred or friable, making surgery and dissection more difficult.ConclusionsLVT procedures lack scientific evidence of safety and efficacy regarding management of mild POP and vaginal laxity, and healthcare providers should counsel and educate their patients of the potential risks, some of which is still unreported. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional independence of Taiwanese patients with mucopolysaccharidoses
Authors: Lee Chung‐Lin , Lin Hsiang‐Yu , Chuang Chih‐Kuang , Chiu Huei‐Ching , Tu Ru‐Yi , Huang You‐Hsin , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Tsai Fuu‐Jen , Chiu Pao‐Chin , Niu Dau‐Ming , Chen Yann‐Jang , Chao Mei‐Chyn , Chang Tung‐Ming , Lin Ju‐Li , Chang Chia‐Ying , Kao Yu‐Chia , Lin Shuan‐Pei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundInformation on functional strengths and weaknesses of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) patients is important for early intervention programs and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).MethodsWe used the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) questionnaire to assess the functional skills of 63 Taiwanese MPS patients (median age, 13 years 3 months; range, 3–20 years) from January 2012 to December 2018.ResultsMean total WeeFIM score was 75.4 of a potential score of 126. Mean total WeeFIM scores of each type (MPS I, MPS II, MPS IIIB, MPS IVA, and MPS VI) were 103.8, 76.2, 41.6, 92.2, and 113.6, respectively. Mean scores for self‐care, mobility, and cognition domains were 30 (maximum 56), 23 (maximum 35), and 22 (maximum 35), respectively. MPS type IIIB patients had the lowest scores in self‐care, mobility, cognition, and total domains compared to other types of MPS. All patients with ERT in MPS I, II, and IVA had higher scores in self‐care and mobility domains than patients without ERT. Most patients required assistance for self‐care skills, especially in grooming and bathing.ConclusionMPS patients require support and supervision in self‐care tasks. For cognition tasks, MPS IIIB patients also require help. This questionnaire is useful to identify the strengths and limitations of MPS patients.