bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Social Stress Promotes Inflammation and Disease Risk in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Kinnally Erin L. , Martinez Steten J. , Chun Katie , Capitanio John P. , Ceniceros Lesly C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEarly social stress has potent lifelong health effects. We examined the association of early stress in the attachment relationship (low maternal sensitivity, low MS), lower maternal social hierarchy rank, and greater frequency of group-level social conflict, with biomarkers of inflammatory stress response in plasma (IL-8, MCP-1 and CRP collected two hours after temporary separation from mothers and social groups) and risk for developing a common macaques disease outcome (infectious colitis) in 170 socially-housed rhesus monkeys. We controlled for gene-environment correlations by comparing cross-fostered subjects with infants reared by their biological mothers. Low MS predicted higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteins at 3–4 months of age (F(3, 162) = 3.508, p = 0.002, partial eta2 = 0.061) and higher lifetime risk for developing colitis for up to twelve years of age (chi square = 5.919, p = 0.026). Lower maternal social rank (F (3, 162) = 3.789, p = 0.012, partial eta2 = 0.06) and higher rates of social conflict (F (3, 162) = 4.264, p = 0.006, partial eta2 = 0.074) each also predicted greater inflammation in infancy, but not lifetime colitis risk (both p > 0.05). The effects of low MS, lower social rank, and higher social conflict were significant in infants reared by biological mothers and cross-fostered infants, suggesting that our results did not arise from gene-environment correlations, but environmental stressors alone. We conclude that several types of early social stress confer risk for inflammation in infancy, but that stress in the mother-infant relationship may confer the longest-term risk for adverse health outcomes.
Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation defect in the Heart of Subjects with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ait-Aissa Karima , Blaszak Scott C. , Beutner Gisela , Tsaih Shirng-Wern , Morgan Garrett , Santos Janine H. , Flister Michael J. , Joyce David L. , Camara Amadou K. S. , Gutterman David D. , Donato Anthony J. , Porter George A. , Beyer Andreas M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and frequently associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Detailed understanding of abnormalities in mitochondrial function that occur in patients with CAD is lacking. We evaluated mitochondrial damage, energy production, and mitochondrial complex activity in human non-CAD and CAD hearts. Fresh and frozen human heart tissue was used. Cell lysate or mitochondria were isolated using standard techniques. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), NAD + and ATP levels, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity were evaluated. Proteins critical to the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and function were also evaluated in tissue lysates. PCR analysis revealed an increase in mtDNA lesions and the frequency of mitochondrial common deletion, both established markers for impaired mitochondrial integrity in CAD compared to non-CAD patient samples. NAD+ and ATP levels were significantly decreased in CAD subjects compared to Non-CAD (NAD+ fold change: non-CAD 1.00 ± 0.17 vs. CAD 0.32 ± 0.12* and ATP fold change: non-CAD 1.00 ± 0.294 vs. CAD 0.01 ± 0.001*; N = 15, P < 0.005). We observed decreased respiration control index in CAD tissue and decreased activity of complexes I, II, and III. Expression of ETC complex subunits and respirasome formation were increased; however, elevations in the de-active form of complex I were observed in CAD. We observed a corresponding increase in glycolytic flux, indicated by a rise in pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity, indicating a compensatory increase in glycolysis for cellular energetics. Together, these results indicate a shift in mitochondrial metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in human hearts subjects with CAD.
A phase I clinical trial for [131I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy in patients with refractory pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Wakabayashi Hiroshi , Inaki Anri , Yoshimura Kenichi , Murayama Toshinori , Imai Yasuhito , Higuchi Tetsuya , Jinguji Megumi , Shiga Tohru , Kinuya Seigo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRefractory pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) have a poor prognosis and the treatment strategy remains to be established. This multi-institutional phase I study was performed to determine the safety, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and efficacy of [131I]-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-mIBG) therapy for refractory PPGLs. Twenty patients with refractory PPGL were enrolled in this study. We administered fixed doses of 131I-mIBG to all patients, delivering a second and third course of 131I-mIBG to eight and three patients, respectively. During the 20 weeks after 131I-mIBG injection, the authors surveyed the adverse events in accordance with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. All patients experienced adverse events and adverse reactions, but none experienced a grade 4 adverse event. Twelve weeks after 131I-mIBG injection, examinations for the evaluation of therapeutic effects was performed in accordance with the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST). The best overall response rates (based on RECIST categories) were 10% (complete response), 65% (stable disease), 15% (progressive disease), and 10% (not all evaluated). The efficacy and safety of 131I-mIBG therapy was shown in patients with refractory PPGL, and DLT was observed in neither single nor repeated 131I-mIBG therapy, indicating a tolerability for 131I-mIBG therapy.
Classification of Polar Maps from Cardiac Perfusion Imaging with Graph-Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Spier Nathalia , Nekolla Stephan , Rupprecht Christian , Mustafa Mona , Navab Nassir , Baust Maximilian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMyocardial perfusion imaging is a non-invasive imaging technique commonly used for the diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease and is based on the injection of radiopharmaceutical tracers into the blood stream. The patient’s heart is imaged while at rest and under stress in order to determine its capacity to react to the imposed challenge. Assessment of imaging data is commonly performed by visual inspection of polar maps showing the tracer uptake in a compact, two-dimensional representation of the left ventricle. This article presents a method for automatic classification of polar maps based on graph convolutional neural networks. Furthermore, it evaluates how well localization techniques developed for standard convolutional neural networks can be used for the localization of pathological segments with respect to clinically relevant areas. The method is evaluated using 946 labeled datasets and compared quantitatively to three other neural-network-based methods. The proposed model achieves an agreement with the human observer on 89.3% of rest test polar maps and on 91.1% of stress test polar maps. Localization performed on a fine 17-segment division of the polar maps achieves an agreement of 83.1% with the human observer, while localization on a coarse 3-segment division based on the vessel beds of the left ventricle has an agreement of 78.8% with the human observer. Our method could thus assist the decision-making process of physicians when analyzing polar map data obtained from myocardial perfusion images.
Differential effect of NMDA receptor GluN2C and GluN2D subunit ablation on behavior and channel blocker-induced schizophrenia phenotypes
Authors: Shelkar Gajanan P. , Pavuluri Ratnamala , Gandhi Pauravi J. , Ravikrishnan Aparna , Gawande Dinesh Y. , Liu Jinxu , Stairs Dustin J. , Ugale Rajesh R. , Dravid Shashank M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe GluN2C- and GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors are distinct from GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing receptors in many aspects including lower sensitivity to Mg2+ block and lack of desensitization. Recent studies have highlighted the unique contribution of GluN2C and GluN2D subunits in various aspects of neuronal and circuit function and behavior, however a direct comparison of the effect of ablation of these subunits in mice on pure background strain has not been conducted. Using knockout-first strains for the GRIN2C and GRIN2D produced on pure C57BL/6N strain, we compared the effect of partial or complete ablation of GluN2C and GluN2D subunit on various behaviors relevant to mental disorders. A large number of behaviors described previously in GluN2C and GluN2D knockout mice were reproduced in these mice, however, some specific differences were also observed possibly representing strain effects. We also examined the response to NMDA receptor channel blockers in these mouse strains and surprisingly found that unlike previous reports GluN2D knockout mice were not resistant to phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion. Interestingly, the GluN2C knockout mice showed reduced sensitivity to phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion. We also found that NMDA receptor channel blocker produced a deficit in prepulse inhibition which was prevented by a GluN2C/2D potentiator in wildtype and GluN2C heterozygous mice but not in GluN2C knockout mice. Together these results demonstrate a unique role of GluN2C subunit in schizophrenia-like behaviors.
Geochemical Evidence of First Forestation in the Southernmost Euramerica from Upper Devonian (Famennian) Black Shales
Authors: Lu Man , Lu YueHan , Ikejiri Takehito , Hogancamp Nicholas , Sun Yongge , Wu Qihang , Carroll Richard , Çemen Ibrahim , Pashin Jack 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe global dispersal of forests and soils has been proposed as a cause for the Late Devonian mass extinctions of marine organisms, but detailed spatiotemporal records of forests and soils at that time remain lacking. We present data from microscopic and geochemical analyses of the Upper Devonian Chattanooga Shale (Famennian Stage). Plant residues (microfossils, vitrinite and inertinite) and biomarkers derived from terrestrial plants and wildfire occur throughout the stratigraphic section, suggesting widespread forest in the southern Appalachian Basin, a region with no macro plant fossil record during the Famennian. Inorganic geochemical results, as shown by increasing values of SiO2/Al2O3, Ti/Al, Zr/Al, and the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) upon time sequence, suggest enhanced continental weathering that may be attributed to the invasion of barren lands by rooted land plants. Our geochemical data collectively provide the oldest evidence of the influences of land plants from the southernmost Appalachian Basin. Our synthesis of vascular plant fossil record shows a more rapid process of afforestation and pedogenesis across south-central Euramerica during the Frasnian and Famennian than previously documented. Together, these results lead us to propose a new hypothesis that global floral dispersal had progressed southward along the Acadian landmass rapidly during the Late Devonian.
Terahertz Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguides: A Comprehensive Model with Experimental Verification
Authors: Unutmaz Muhammed Abdullah , Unlu Mehmet 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpoof surface plasmon polariton waveguides are perfect candidates to enable novel, miniaturized terahertz integrated systems, which will expedite the next-generation ultra-wideband communications, high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy applications. In this paper, we introduce, for the first time, a model for the effective dielectric constant, which is the most fundamental design parameter, of the terahertz spoof surface plasmon polariton waveguides. To verify the proposed model, we design, fabricate and measure several waveguides with different physical parameters for 0.25 to 0.3 THz band. The measurement results show very good agreement with the simulations, having an average and a maximum error of 2.6% and 8.8%, respectively, achieving 10-to-30 times better accuracy than the previous approaches presented in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-time investigation of the effective dielectric constant of the terahertz spoof surface plasmon polariton waveguides, enabling accurate design of any passive component for the terahertz band.
Interface-inspired formulation and molecular-level perspectives on heat conduction and energy storage of nanofluids
Authors: Carrillo-Berdugo I. , Zorrilla D. , Sánchez-Márquez J. , Aguilar T. , Gallardo J. J. , Gómez-Villarejo R. , Alcántara R. , Fernández-Lorenzo C. , Navas J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAiming for the introduction of stability requirements in nanofluids processing, an interface-based three-step method is proposed in this work. It is theory-based design framework for nanofluids that aims for a minimum tension at the solid-liquid interface by adjusting the polar and dispersive components of the base fluid to meet those of disperse nanomaterial. The method was successfully tested in the preparation of aqueous nanofluids containing single-walled carbon nanotubes that resulted to be stable and to provide good thermal properties, i.e. thermal conductivity increases by 79.5% and isobaric specific heat by 8.6% for a 0.087 vol.% load of nanotubes at 70 °C. Besides, a system for these nanofluids was modelled. It was found to be thermodynamically consistent and computationally efficient, providing consistent response to changes in the state variable temperature in a classical Molecular Dynamics environment. From an analysis of the spatial components of the heat flux autocorrelation function, using the equilibrium approach, it was possible to elucidate that heat conduction through the host fluid is enhanced by phonon propagation along nanotubes longitudinal axes. From an analysis of the structural features described by radial distribution functions, it was concluded that additional heat storage arises from the hydrophobic effect.
Static and dynamical isomerization of Cu38 cluster
Authors: Zhang Chuanchuan , Duan Haiming , Lv Xin , Cao Biaobing , Abliz Ablat , Wu Zhaofeng , Long Mengqiu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe lowest-energy geometrical and electronic structures of Cu38 cluster are investigated by density-functional calculations combined with a genetic algorithm based on a many body semi-empirical interatomic potential, the traditional FCC-truncated Octahedron (OH) and an incomplete-Mackay icosahedron (IMI) are recognized as the two lowest energy structures (energetically degenerate isomers) but with different electronic structures: a semiconductor-type with the energy-gap of 0.356 eV for the IMI and a metallic-type with negligible gap for the OH, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. The electron affinity and ionization potential of Cu38 are also discussed and compared with the observations of the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. The dynamical isomerization of the OH-like and IMI-like structures of Cu38 is revealed to dominate the pre-melting stage through the investigation by the molecular dynamics annealing simulations.
hnRNPK S379 phosphorylation participates in migration regulation of triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Yu , Fu Shu-Ling , Tseng Ling-Ming , Chiu Jen-Hwey , Lin Chao-Hsiung 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe have previously identified a novel Aurora-A-mediated Serine 379 (S379) phosphorylation of a poly(C)-binding protein, hnRNPK, the overexpression of which is frequently observed in various cancers. It is known that the oncogenic Aurora-A kinase promotes the malignancy of cancer cells. This study aims to investigate the unexplored functions of hnRNPK S379 phosphorylation using MDA-MB-231 cells, a triple negative breast cancer cell that has amplification of the Aurora-A kinase gene. Accordingly, we established two cell lines in which the endogenous hnRNPK was replaced with either S379D or S379A hnRNPK respectively. Notably, we found that a phosphorylation-mimic S379D mutant of hnRNPK suppressed cell migration and, conversely, a phosphorylation-defective S379A mutant promoted migration. Moreover, Twist was downregulated upon hnRNPK S379 phosphorylation, whereas β-catenin and MMP12 were increased when there was loss of hnRNPK S379 phosphorylation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, S379A hnRNPK increases stability of β-catenin in MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that hnRNPK S379 phosphorylation regulates migration via the EMT signaling pathway.
Predictor of Early Remission of Diabetic Macular Edema under As-Needed Intravitreal Ranibizumab
Authors: Yoshitake Tatsuya , Murakami Tomoaki , Suzuma Kiyoshi , Fujimoto Masahiro , Dodo Yoko , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe early remission of diabetic macular edema (DME) often occurs in eyes treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. We retrospectively reviewed and characterized eyes with early remission of DME at six months in 80 eyes under pro re nata (PRN) intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injections. The number of eyes without center-involved DME gradually increased and 14 and 20 eyes achieved remission of DME at 3 or 6 months, respectively, under the PRN regimen following three monthly loading doses. In particular, eyes with early remission at 6 months had smaller CSF thickness than those without the remission before and after the treatment except at the 1-month visit (P < 0.05); however, the changes in CSF thickness did not differ between them. VA and its changes were not different between eyes with and without remission. Multivariate analysis revealed that smaller CSF thickness at baseline predicted the early remission of DME under PRN IVR injections (odds ratio, 0.989; 95% confidence interval, 0.982–0.997; P = 0.008). These data elucidate the clinical characteristics of early remission of DME under PRN IVR injections and suggest that smaller CSF thickness at baseline is a novel predictor of early remission under PRN IVR injections for DME.
Modulated stimuli demonstrate asymmetric interactions between hearing and vision
Authors: Vuong Quoc C. , Laing Mark , Prabhu Anjana , Tung Hei Iong , Rees Adrian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe nature of interactions between the senses is a topic of intense interest in neuroscience, but an unresolved question is how sensory information from hearing and vision are combined when the two senses interact. A problem for testing auditory-visual interactions is devising stimuli and tasks that are equivalent in both modalities. Here we report a novel paradigm in which we first equated the discriminability of the stimuli in each modality, then tested how a distractor in the other modality affected performance. Participants discriminated pairs of amplitude-modulated tones or size-modulated visual objects in the form of a cuboid shape, alone or when a similarly modulated distractor stimulus of the other modality occurred with one of the pair. Discrimination of sound modulation depth was affected by a modulated cuboid only when their modulation rates were the same. In contrast, discrimination of cuboid modulation depth was little affected by an equivalently modulated sound. Our results suggest that what observers perceive when auditory and visual signals interact is not simply determined by the discriminability of the individual sensory inputs, but also by factors that increase the perceptual binding of these inputs, such as temporal synchrony.
Chimpanzees monopolize and children take turns in a limited resource problem
Authors: Knofe Hagen , Engelmann Jan , Tomasello Michael , Herrmann Esther 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCompetition over scarce resources is common across the animal kingdom. Here we investigate the strategies of chimpanzees and children in a limited resource problem. Both species were presented with a tug-of-war apparatus in which each individual in a dyad received a tool to access a reward, but tools could not be used simultaneously. We assessed the equality of tool use as well as the frequency of turn taking. Both species managed to overcome this conflict of interest but used different strategies to do so. While there was substantial variation in chimpanzee behaviour, monopolization was the common course of action: tool use was asymmetric with individual chimpanzees monopolizing the resource. In children, turn-taking emerged as the dominant strategy: tool use was symmetric and children alternated access to the tool at a high rate. These results suggest that while both species possess strategies for solving limited resource problems, humans might have evolved species unique motivations and socio-cognitive skills for dealing with such conflicts of interest.
Annihilation of the Somali upwelling system during summer monsoon
Authors: Chatterjee Abhisek , Kumar B. Praveen , Prakash Satya , Singh Prerna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSomali upwelling system during northern summer is believed to be the largest upwelling region in the Indian Ocean and has motivated some of the early studies on the Indian Ocean. Here we present results from observations and ocean model to show that the upwelling along the Somali coast is limited to the early phase of the summer monsoon and later primarily limited to the eddy dominated flows in the northern and some extent in the southern part of the coast. Major part of the Somali coast (~60% of the entire coastal length) shows prominent downwelling features driven by offshore negative windstress curl and subsurface entrainment mixing. Further, we show that the surface cooling of coastal waters are dominantly driven by subsurface entrainment and surface heat fluxes. These findings not only augment the existing knowledge of the Somali upwelling system, but also have serious implications on the regional climate. Most importantly, our analysis underscores the use of alongshore winds only to project future (climate driven) changes in the upwelling intensity along this coast.
4D Printing of Recyclable Lightweight Architectures Using High Recovery Stress Shape Memory Polymer
Authors: Li Ang , Challapalli Adithya , Li Guoqiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh-performance lightweight architectures, such as metallic microlattices with excellent mechanical properties have been 3D printed, but they do not possess shape memory effect (SME), limiting their usages for advanced engineering structures, such as serving as a core in multifunctional lightweight sandwich structures. 3D printable self-healing shape memory polymer (SMP) microlattices could be a solution. However, existing 3D printable thermoset SMPs are limited to either low strength, poor stress memory, or non-recyclability. To address this issue, a new thermoset polymer, integrated with high strength, high recovery stress, perfect shape recovery, good recyclability, and 3D printability using direct light printing, has been developed in this study. Lightweight microlattices with various unit cells and length scales were printed and tested. The results show that the cubic microlattice has mechanical strength comparable to or even greater than that of metallic microlattices, good SME, decent recovery stress, and recyclability, making it the first multifunctional lightweight architecture (MLA) for potential multifunctional lightweight load carrying structural applications.