bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time imaging of photosynthetic oxygen evolution from spinach using LSI-based biosensor
Authors: Kasai Shigenobu , Sugiura Yamato , Prasad Ankush , Inoue Kumi Y. , Sato Teruya , Honmo Tomohiro , Kumar Aditya , Pospíšil Pavel , Ino Kosuke , Hashi Yuka , Furubayashi Yoko , Matsudaira Masahki , Suda Atsushi , Kunikata Ryota , Matsue Tomokazu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe light-driven splitting of water to oxygen (O2) is catalyzed by a protein-bound tetra-manganese penta-oxygen calcium (Mn4O5Ca) cluster in Photosystem II. In the current study, we used a large-scale integration (LSI)-based amperometric sensor array system, designated Bio-LSI, to perform two-dimensional imaging of light-induced O2 evolution from spinach leaves. The employed Bio-LSI chip consists of 400 sensor electrodes with a pitch of 250 μm for fast electrochemical imaging. Spinach leaves were illuminated to varying intensities of white light (400–700 nm) which induced oxygen evolution and subsequent electrochemical images were collected using the Bio-LSI chip. Bio-LSI images clearly showed the dose-dependent effects of the light-induced oxygen release from spinach leaves which was then significantly suppressed in the presence of urea-type herbicide 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)−1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU). Our results clearly suggest that light-induced oxygen evolution can be monitored using the chip and suggesting that the Bio-LSI is a promising tool for real-time imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe electrochemical imaging of light-induced O2 evolution using LSI-based amperometric sensors in plants.
Spectroscopic imaging with single acquisition ptychography and a hyperspectral detector
Authors: Batey Darren J. , Cipiccia Silvia , Van Assche Frederic , Vanheule Sander , Vanmechelen Juriaan , Boone Matthieu N. , Rau Christoph 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a new method of single acquisition spectroscopic imaging with high spatial resolution. The technique is based on the combination of polychromatic synchrotron radiation and ptychographic imaging with a recently developed energy discriminating detector. We demonstrate the feasibility with a Ni-Cu test sample recorded at I13-1 of the Diamond Light Source, UK. The two elements can be clearly distinguished and the Ni absorption edge is identified. The results prove the feasibility of obtaining high-resolution structural and chemical images within a single acquisition using a polychromatic X-ray beam. The capability of resolving the absorption edge applies to a wide range of research areas, such as magnetic domains imaging and element specific investigations in biological, materials, and earth sciences. The method utilises the full available radiation spectrum and is therefore well suited for broadband radiation sources.
Allylpyrocatechol, isolated from betel leaf ameliorates thyrotoxicosis in rats by altering thyroid peroxidase and thyrotropin receptors
Authors: Panda Sunanda , Sikdar Malabika , Biswas Sagarika , Sharma Rajesh , Kar Anand 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAllylpyrocatechol (APC) was isolated from betel leaf and its possible role in L-thyroxin (L-T4)-induced thyrotoxic rats was evaluated. The disease condition, thyrotoxicosis was confirmed by higher levels of thyroid hormones and low thyrotropin (TSH) in serum. Increased hepatic activities of 5′-mono-deiodinase(5′D1), glucose-6-phospatase (G-6-Pase); serum concentrations of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) were observed in thyrotoxic rats. Hepatic lipid peroxidation(LPO) was also increased and the endogenous antioxidants were depleted in these rats. In western blot analysis thyroid peroxidase expression was found to be reduced, whereas thyrotropin receptor(TSHR) expression was enhanced in thyroid gland of these animals. On the other hand, APC treatment in thyrotoxic rats decreased the levels of serum thyroid hormones, ALT, AST, TNF-α and LDH, as well as hepatic 5′ D1 and G-6-Pase activities. However, it increased the serum TSH levels. APC also reduced the hepatic LPO and increased the cellular antioxidants in thyrotoxic rats. However, expression of TSHR was inhibited and TPO was increased by APC. The test compound also improved histological features in both liver and thyroid. Present report appears to be the first one that indicates the positive role of APC in ameliorating T4-induced thyrotoxicosis.
Immunoevolution of mouse pancreatic organoid isografts from preinvasive to metastatic disease
Authors: Filippini Dea , Agosto Sabrina D’ , Delfino Pietro , Simbolo Michele , Piro Geny , Rusev Borislav , Veghini Lisa , Cantù Cinzia , Lupo Francesca , Ugel Stefano , De Sanctis Francesco , Bronte Vincenzo , Milella Michele , Tortora Giampaolo , Scarpa Aldo , Carbone Carmine , Corbo Vincenzo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, which is contributed by the complex interaction between cancer cells and a heterogeneous population of stromal cells. Therefore, facile and trackable models are needed for integrative and dynamic interrogation of cancer-stroma interaction. Here, we tracked the immunoevolution of PDA in a genetically-defined transplantable model of mouse pancreatic tumour organoids that recapitulates the progression of the disease from early preinvasive lesions to metastatic carcinomas. We demonstrated that organoid-derived isografts (ODI) can be used as a biological source of biomarkers (NT5E, TGFB1, FN1, and ITGA5) of aggressive molecular subtypes of human PDA. In ODI, infiltration from leukocytes is an early event during progression of the disease as observed for autochthonous models. Neoplastic progression was associated to accumulation of Maf+ macrophages, which inversely correlated with CD8+ T cells infiltration. Consistently, levels of MAF were enriched in human PDA subtypes characterized by abundance of macrophage-related transcripts and indicated poor patients’ survival. Density of MAF+ macrophages was higher in human PDA tissues compared to preinvasive lesions. Our results suggest that ODIs represent a suitable system for genotypic-immunophenotypic studies and support the hypothesis of MAF+ macrophages as a prominent immunosuppressive population in PDA.
Non-Pulmonary Vein Triggers of Atrial Fibrillation Are Likely to Arise from Low-Voltage Areas in the Left Atrium
Authors: Kawai Shunsuke , Mukai Yasushi , Inoue Shujiro , Yakabe Daisuke , Nagaoka Kazuhiro , Sakamoto Kazuo , Takase Susumu , Chishaki Akiko , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe pathophysiology of non-pulmonary vein (PV) triggers of atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. We hypothesized that left atrial non-PV (LANPV) triggers are associated with atrial tissue degeneration. This study analyzed 431 patients that underwent catheter ablation (mean age 62 yrs, 303 men, 255 paroxysmal AF [pAF] patients). Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of non-PV trigger were analyzed. Fifty non-PV triggers in 40 patients (9.3%) were documented; LANPV triggers were the most prevalent (n = 19, 38%). LANPV triggers were correlated with non-paroxysmal AF (non-pAF) (OR 3.31, p = 0.04) whereas right atrial non-PV (RANPV) triggers (n = 14) and SVC triggers (n = 17) were not. The voltage at the LANPV sites during SR was 0.3 ± 0.16 mV (p < 0.001 vs. control site). Low-voltage areas (LVAs) in the LA were significantly greater in non-pAF compared to pAF (14.2% vs. 5.8%, p < 0.01). RANPV trigger sites had preserved voltage (0.74 ± 0.48 mV). Long-term outcomes of patients with non-PV triggers treated with tailored targeting strategies were not significantly inferior to those without non-PV triggers. In conclusion, non-PV triggers arise from the LA with degeneration, which may have an important role in AF persistence. A trigger-oriented, patient-tailored ablation strategy considering LA voltage map may be feasible and effective in persistent/recurrent AF.
Elevation of ambient temperature is associated with an increased risk of herpes zoster: a time-series analysis
Authors: Choi Yoon-Jung , Lim Youn-Hee , Lee Kyung-Shin , Hong Yun-Chul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough varicella zoster (VZ) and herpes zoster (HZ) are caused by the same varicella zoster virus (VZV), the former is caused by primary infection while the latter is caused by reactivation of latent VZV, and their relationships with ambient temperature are also different. It is relatively well-established that VZ incidence declines with ambient temperature, but the relationship between HZ and ambient temperature is inconclusive. Thus, we investigated the effects of ambient temperature on the incidence of HZ in time-series analysis by using data from the Korean National Emergency Department Information System between 2014 and 2016. We applied a generalized linear model to investigate the relationship between ambient temperature and emergency room (ER) visits due to HZ, after controlling for confounders in seven metropolitan cities and nine provinces in South Korea. Region-specific estimates were pooled to obtain the national average estimates. There were a total of 61,957 ER visits nationwide for HZ during the study period. HZ significantly increased by 2.03% to 2.94% in the moving average lag models throughout 0 to 11 days with maximum percent increase of 2.94% (95% CI: 2.20, 3.68) in the 6-day moving average lag model.
Efficient and specific oligo-based depletion of rRNA
Authors: Kraus Amelie J. , Brink Benedikt G. , Siegel T. Nicolai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn most organisms, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) contributes to >85% of total RNA. Thus, to obtain useful information from RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses at reasonable sequencing depth, typically, mature polyadenylated transcripts are enriched or rRNA molecules are depleted. Targeted depletion of rRNA is particularly useful when studying transcripts lacking a poly(A) tail, such as some non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), most bacterial RNAs and partially degraded or immature transcripts. While several commercially available kits allow effective rRNA depletion, their efficiency relies on a high degree of sequence homology between oligonucleotide probes and the target RNA. This restricts the use of such kits to a limited number of organisms with conserved rRNA sequences. In this study we describe the use of biotinylated oligos and streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads for the efficient and specific depletion of trypanosomal rRNA. Our approach reduces the levels of the most abundant rRNA transcripts to less than 5% with minimal off-target effects. By adjusting the sequence of the oligonucleotide probes, our approach can be used to deplete rRNAs or other abundant transcripts independent of species. Thus, our protocol provides a useful alternative for rRNA removal where enrichment of polyadenylated transcripts is not an option and commercial kits for rRNA are not available.
Tracking the Multistep Formation of Ln(III) Complexes with in situ Schiff Base Exchange Reaction and its Highly Selective Sensing of Dichloromethane
Authors: Mo Kai-Qiang , Ma Xiong-Feng , Wang Hai-Ling , Zhu Zhong-Hong , Liu Yan-Cheng , Zou Hua-Hong , Liang Fu-Pei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFour complexes, namely, [Ln2(L2)2(NO3)4]. 2CH3OH (Ln = Tb (1), Dy (2), Ho (3), Er (4), and L2 = (E)-2-methoxy-6-(((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)imino)methyl)phenol), were obtained by reacting (E)-2-((3-methoxy-2-oxidobenzylidene)amino)ethanesulfonate (L1), Ln(NO3)3·6H2O, and 2-aminomethylpyridine at room temperature under solvothermal conditions in methanol for 12 h. The new Schiff base L2 was generated in situ based on the organic ligand L1 and 2-aminomethylpyridine through Schiff base exchange reaction by using lanthanide salts as inductor. A combination of crystallography and mass spectrometry was performed to track the exchange reaction, and the underlying mechanism accompanied by the complex assembly process was clearly presented. The multistep formation mechanism of the above dinuclear complex was also proposed, i.e., [L1] → Dy[L1]/[L2] → Dy[L2] → Dy[L2]2 → Dy2[L2]2. Luminescence test of 1 showed that it had extremely high selectivity to dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). Therefore, we established a quick, simple, and efficient method of detecting CH2Cl2 that enabled strong-luminescence observation with the naked eye. Tests for small amounts of CH2Cl2 in water further indicated the potential of 1 as a test strip for CH2Cl2 fluorescence detection in water samples. Alternating-current magnetic susceptibility studies indicated the field-induced single-molecule magnet behavior of 2.
Sida hermaphrodita seeds as the source of anti - Candida albicans activity
Authors: Lewtak Kinga , Fiołka Marta J. , Czaplewska Paulina , Macur Katarzyna , Kaczyński Zbigniew , Buchwald Tomasz , Szczuka Ewa , Rzymowska Jolanta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSida hermaphrodita is a perennial herbaceous plant with potential economic importance; however, there is no information about its antimicrobial properties. The aim of our study was to analyze the morphology and metabolic activity of Candida albicans cells after exposure to the extract from S. hermaphrodita seeds, determine its cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblasts and carry out chemical analysis of the extract. Microscopic analysis showed that the crude seed extract (CSE) caused a significant decrease in the metabolic activity of fungal cells, clear cell deformation, and budding disturbances. The analysis of cytotoxicity showed no influence of the extract on the fibroblasts. The CSE and seed extract after dialysis (DSE) were analyzed using electrophoretic, chromatographic, and spectroscopic methods. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed the presence of proteins and carbohydrate compounds in the extract. The Raman spectroscopy analysis of the DSE confirmed the presence of proteins, while FTIR analyses revealed the occurrence of albumin-type proteins. The NMR and GC-MS analyses showed the presence of carbohydrates in the seed extract. The MALDI and ESI LC-MS/MS analysis of the CSE and the DSE fractions revealed the occurrence of vicilin-type and plant lipid transfer proteins. The seed extract is a promising formulation to use in C. albicans infections.
Far-ranging generalist top predators enhance the stability of meta-foodwebs
Authors: Brechtel Andreas , Gross Thilo , Drossel Barbara 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIdentifying stabilizing factors in foodwebs is a long standing challenge with wide implications for community ecology and conservation. Here, we investigate the stability of spatially resolved meta-foodwebs with far-ranging super-predators for whom the whole meta-foodwebs appears to be a single habitat. By using a combination of generalized modeling with a master stability function approach, we are able to efficiently explore the asymptotic stability of large classes of realistic many-patch meta-foodwebs. We show that meta-foodwebs with far-ranging top predators are more stable than those with localized top predators. Moreover, adding far-ranging generalist top predators to a system can have a net stabilizing effect. These results highlight the importance of top predator conservation.
Yields and resilience outcomes of organic, cover crop, and conventional practices in a Mediterranean climate
Authors: Li Meng , Peterson Caitlin A. , Tautges Nicole E. , Scow Kate M. , Gaudin Amélie C. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdaptive management practices that maximize yields while improving yield resilience are required in the face of resource variability and climate change. Ecological intensification such as organic farming and cover cropping are lauded in some studies for fostering yield resilience, but subject to criticism in others for their low productivity. We implemented a quantitative framework to assess yield resilience, emphasizing four aspects of yield dynamics: yield, yield stability, yield resistance (i.e., the ability of systems to avoid crop failure under stressful growing conditions), and maximum yield potential. We compared the resilience of maize-tomato rotation systems after 24 years of irrigated organic, cover cropped, and conventional management in a Mediterranean climate, and identified crop-specific resilience responses of tomato and maize to three management systems. Organic management maintained tomato yields comparable to those under conventional management, while increasing yield stability and resistance. However, organic and cover cropped system resulted in 36.1% and 35.8% lower maize yields and reduced yield stability and resistance than the conventional system. Our analyses suggest that investments in ecological intensification approaches could potentially contribute to long-term yield resilience, however, these approaches need to be tailored for individual crops and systems to maximize their benefits, rather than employing one-size-fits-all approaches.
Highly-efficient laser ablation of copper by bursts of ultrashort tuneable (fs-ps) pulses
Authors: Žemaitis Andrius , Gečys Paulius , Barkauskas Martynas , Račiukaitis Gediminas , Gedvilas Mindaugas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUltrashort pulse laser, capable of varying pulse duration between 210 fs and 10 ps and producing a burst of pulses with an intra-burst pulse repetition rate of 64.5 MHz (time distance between pulses 15.5 ns), was used to investigate the ablation efficiency of the copper. The study on ablation efficiency was done for various numbers of pulses per burst between 1 and 40. The increase in the ablation efficiency by 20% for 3 pulses per burst compared to a non-burst regime was observed. The comparison was made between the beam-size optimised regimes. Therefore, the real advantage of the burst regime was demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, we report the highest laser milling ablation efficiency of copper of 4.84 µm3/µJ by ultrashort pulses at ~1 µm optical wavelength.
Incidence and Neonatal Risk factors of Short Stature and Growth Hormone treatment in Japanese Preterm Infants Born Small for Gestational Age
Authors: Matsumoto Masaaki , Nagano Nobuhiko , Awano Hiroyuki , Ohyama Shohei , Fujioka Kazumichi , Iwatani Sota , Urakami Tatsuhiko , Iijima Kazumoto , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncidence and neonatal risk factors for short stature in preterm children born small for gestational age (SGA) have not been fully investigated in Japan. In this prospective study, infants born ≤32 weeks’ gestational age (GA) from 2004–2015 were enrolled and followed for 3 years. Incidence of short children born SGA and short stature treated with growth hormone (GH) were investigated. Neonatal risk factors were analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses. GA cut-off value was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Of 604 infants born ≤32 weeks’ GA, 76 (13%) were SGA at birth. Twenty-seven infants (36%) developed short stature at age 2 and 14 infants (19%) received GH treatment at age 3. GA, birthweight, birth length, birth head circumference, and chronic lung disease at 36 weeks’ corrected GA were determined as risk factors by univariate analyses (p < 0.01). Multivariate analyses only revealed low GA as an independent risk factor. ROC curve analysis determined a cut-off value of 24 weeks’ GA. Nineteen percent of preterm SGA infants ≤32 weeks’ GA developed short stature treated with GH. A low GA at birth could be an early detection marker for short stature that requires GH treatment in preterm infants born SGA.
Properties of echoic memory revealed by auditory-evoked magnetic fields
Authors: Kinukawa Tomoaki , Takeuchi Nobuyuki , Sugiyama Shunsuke , Nishihara Makoto , Nishiwaki Kimitoshi , Inui Koji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe used auditory-evoked magnetic fields to investigate the properties of echoic memory. The sound stimulus was a repeated 1-ms click at 100 Hz for 500 ms, presented every 800 ms. The phase of the sound was shifted by inserting an interaural time delay of 0.49 ms to each side. Therefore, there were two sounds, lateralized to the left and right. According to the preceding sound, each sound was labeled as D (preceded by a different sound) or S (by the same sound). The D sounds were further grouped into 1D, 2D, and 3D, according to the number of preceding different sounds. The S sounds were similarly grouped to 1S and 2S. The results showed that the preceding event significantly affected the amplitude of the cortical response; although there was no difference between 1S and 2S, the amplitudes for D sounds were greater than those for S sounds. Most importantly, there was a significant amplitude difference between 1S and 1D. These results suggested that sensory memory was formed by a single sound, and was immediately replaced by new information. The constantly-updating nature of sensory memory is considered to enable it to act as a real-time monitor for new information.
Effect of Negative Middle Ear Pressure and Compensated Pressure on Wideband Absorbance and Otoacoustic Emissions in Children
Authors: Aithal Sreedevi , Aithal Venkatesh , Kei Joseph , Manuel Alehandrea 
Published: August 2019

Objective
This study investigated pressurized transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) responses and wideband absorbance (WBA) in healthy ears and ears with negative middle ear pressure (NMEP).

Method
In this cross-sectional study, TEOAE amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio, and WBA were measured at ambient and tympanometric peak pressure (TPP) in 36 ears from 25 subjects with healthy ears (age range: 3.1–13.0 years) and 88 ears from 76 patients with NMEP (age range: 2.0–13.1 years), divided into 3 groups based on NMEP (Group 1 with TPP between −101 and −200 daPa, Group 2 with TPP between −201 and −300 daPa, and Group 3 with TPP between −301 and −400 daPa).

Results
Mean TEOAE amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio, and WBA were increased at TPP relative to that measured at ambient pressure between 0.8 and 1.5 kHz. Further decrease in TPP beyond −300 daPa did not result in further increases in the mean TEOAE or WBA at TPP. The correlation between TEOAE and WBA was dependent on the frequency, pressure conditions, and subject group. There was no difference in pass rates between the 2 pressure conditions for the control group, while the 3 NMEP groups demonstrated an improvement in pass rates at TPP. With pressurization, the false alarm rate for TEOAE due to NMEP was reduced by 17.8% for NMEP Group 1, 29.2% for NMEP Group 2, and 15.8% for NMEP Group 3.

Conclusion
Results demonstrated the feasibility and clinical benefits of measuring TEOAE and WBA under pressurized conditions. Pressurized TEOAE and WBA should be used for assessment of ears with NMEP in hearing screening programs to reduce false alarm rates.