bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxic effect of high glucose on cardiomyocytes, H9c2 cells: Induction of oxidative stress and ameliorative effect of trolox
Authors: Davargaon Ravichandra Shivalingappa , Sambe Asha Devi , Muthangi V V Subramanyam 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions, including diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia. In the present study, OS induced by hyperglycemia and the effect of trolox, a vitamin E analog, were studied in cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells exposed to 15 to 33 mM glucose (HG) for 24 to 72 hours in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium. Cells treated wirh 24 or 33 mM glucose for 24 hours or above showed decreased viability and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content with a concomitant increase in radicals of oxygen species, calcium (Ca2+), mitochondrial permeability transition, and oxidative markers, confirming that the cells were under stress. However, upon exposure to 15 mM glucose for 24 hours, H9c2 cells maintained homeostasis and ATP generation. Pretreatment of cells with trolox reduced HG‐induced OS to control levels. Here, we report that the toxic effect of HG is highly regulated and that OS induction can be prevented with Trolox, a potential inhibitor of membrane damage.
27‐Hydroxycholesterol enhanced osteoclastogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Lishan , Liu Ming , Liu Jinglei , Li Xingkai , Yang Ming , Su Benhua , Lin Yanliang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract27‐Hydroxycholesterol (27‐HC) has been implicated in the pathological process of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. However, the role of 27‐HC in lung adenocarcinoma is still unclear. Because bone metastasis is a main reason for the high mortality of lung adenocarcinoma, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 27‐HC on osteoclastogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment. The results showed that the conditioned media (CM) from lung adenocarcinoma cells cocultured with macrophages promoted osteoclast differentiation, which was enhanced by 27‐HC. Further investigation showed that CM inhibited miR‐139 expression and promoted c‐Fos expression. Luciferase reporter assay identified c‐Fos as a direct target of miR‐139. CM also induced the expression and nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, which was enlarged by 27‐HC but was attenuated by miR‐139. Coimmunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that 27‐HC increased the interaction between NFATc1 and phosphorylated STAT3, which was restricted by miR‐139. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that pSTAT3 could bind to the promoter of c‐Fos, c‐Fos could bind to the promoter of NFATc1, and both pSTAT3 and NFATc1 could bind to the promoter of Oscar, which were enlarged by 27‐HC but were blocked by miR‐139. Knockdown of c‐Fos mimicked the effect of miR‐139. These results suggested that CM, especially containing 27‐HC, promoted osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting miR‐139 expression and activating the STAT3/c‐Fos/NFATc1 pathway.
The Hindlimb Elements of the Maas (Aves, Dinornithidae): A Multivariate Assessment of Size and Shape
Authors: Cracraft Joel 
Published: December 2018

A multivariate morphometric analysis of size and shape was performed on the hindlimb skeletal elements of the extinct New Zealand moas (Dinornithidae). Investigations were undertaken of size‐shape patterns within species and among moas as a group using principal components analysis; between species investigations used canonical analysis. In addition, standard allometric curve‐fitting of six femur, seven tibiotarsus, and nine tarsometatarsus variables against body size was performed.Size was the major discriminator along the first principal component for all three bones in the intraspecific and whole‐group analyses. Shape was the important discriminator along the second component: in the whole‐group analysis of all three bones, separation was based on relative robustness of the shaft, whereas in the intraspecific analyses shaft robustness was only expressed in the analysis of the femur, there being little correspondence in the results between the intraspeci fic and whole‐group analyses of the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus. Size was the major discriminator along the first canonical axis for the between‐group investigations of the femur and tibiotarsus, but in the analysis of the tarsometatarsus shape influences were equally as important as those of size. The second canonical axis separated groups on the basis of shape differences in all three hindlimb elements.The genus Dinornis, which contains the largest species of moas, has evolved sizeshape patterns very different from those of other moas. The species of Dinornis did not follow size‐dependent allometric trends and evolved proportionately thinner legs than might be expected for their body size. All other moas exhibit allometric increase in all hindlimb variables except bone lengths. Dinornis may have evolved a cursorial mode of locomotion as an adaptation for certain intraspecific behavioral interactions.
Explaining deer hunter preferences for regulatory changes using choice experiments
Authors: Serenari Christopher , Shaw Jonathan , Myers Ryan , Cobb David T. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAchieving state wildlife agency goals for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) management may conflict with hunter traditions and desires. Optimizing deer herd management given conflicting biological and social goals means that agencies will need to better understand what trade‐offs can be made. In North Carolina, USA, the harvest of deer by hunters is skewed towards males <2.5 years old and all firearm hunting seasons begin prior to the rut. Both trends can have undesirable consequences for deer populations, hunters, and deer managers. To provide better information to mitigate the potential for undesirable consequences, we modeled deer hunter choice behavior using a discrete choice experiment to identify their preferences for regulatory components and policy alternatives. Discrete choice experiments explain the choice behavior of humans via preference elicitation. We obtained the data used in our analysis after contacting 171,880 resident deer hunters by email and postcard to encourage their participation in a web‐based survey. We received valid responses from 25,508 resident deer hunters. Respondents identified gun season length as the most important regulatory attribute influencing their decisions about policy, followed by bag limits. Results also suggest that North Carolina's hunters may be more willing to make trade‐offs when attributes least affecting their decision making, such as season opening date and blackpowder season length, are altered by decision makers to benefit the deer herd. By employing wildlife valuation methods, such as discrete choice experiments, agencies can gain deep insights into viable trade‐offs between different attributes that underpin multidimensional policies, such as deer seasons, not achieved through attitudinal measures alone. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Seasonal habitat selection and movements by mottled ducks
Authors: Pollander Kaylee M. , Little Andrew R. , Hinton Joseph W. , Byrne Michael E. , Balkcom Gregory D. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTMottled ducks (Anas fulvigula) were released by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) in South Carolina, USA, during 1975–1983 and expanded into Georgia, USA, in the 1990s. Banding data suggest that birds marked in Georgia are often harvested in other states. Because the South Carolina reintroduced population was able to expand into Georgia via long‐distance dispersal, a more thorough understanding of mottled duck spatial ecology in Georgia and South Carolina is needed to direct future management decisions to accommodate expanding duck populations. We used global positioning system (GPS) telemetry to investigate movements and habitat selection by 47 mottled ducks (17 males, 30 females) during 4 seasons from 2013–2016. Mean seasonal home ranges varied from 2,002–4,598 ha across sexes and seasons. We found mean distances moved within seasonal ranges varied from 3.5–11.3 km/day for birds captured in Georgia, and 1.3–5.6 km/day for those captured in South Carolina. We observed 23 excursions, in which individuals left established seasonal ranges for >6 hours and moved ≥5 km; these excursions ranged from 5 km to 139.5 km. We documented 5 dispersals ranging from 52.6 km to 245.8 km. We also documented several long‐distance movements, with 7 birds captured in Georgia moving to South Carolina and 2 moving to Florida, USA. These movements suggest mottled ducks in South Carolina and Georgia may constitute a single population. Notably, we observed dispersal and long‐distance movements only from birds marked in Georgia, suggesting that habitat may be a limiting factor along the Georgia coast. We quantified third‐order selection for mottled ducks and found seasonal selection for managed impoundments and avoidance of palustrine emergent marsh during breeding and teal seasons. Managed impoundments were limited to 4 river systems along coastal Georgia and South Carolina, resulting in much of the coastal wetlands in both states being unused by mottled ducks. We suggest the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR) and SCDNR work cooperatively to manage mottled ducks and their habitats by focusing efforts to create and manage impoundments throughout the Santee, Savannah, Altamaha, and Ashepoo‐Combahe‐Edisto (ACE) river basins in coastal Georgia and South Carolina where we documented use. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Geomorphological analysis on the interaction of Alpine glaciers and rock glaciers since the Little Ice Age
Authors: Kenner Robert 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe interaction of glaciers and rock glaciers and the associated development and degradation of permafrost landforms are intensely discussed fields of periglacial geomorphology. This study presents examples of glacier–rock glacier interactions since the Little Ice Age in the Swiss and French Alps, based on sequences of current and historical maps and orthophotos as well as field observations. It is concluded from these examples that many creeping permafrost features, which were widely specified as ‘glacier derived’ in the literature, appear to be much older than the glacier itself and constitute the remains of rock glaciers, which were disrupted by glaciers. Furthermore, the environmental conditions causing an alternation of glaciers and rock glaciers at the same location are analysed here, and the processes leading to a transition from one landform to the other are identified in the examples given. The influence of climate change on rock glacier development appears to be ambiguous and partly contradictory. The examples show how rock glacier development can benefit from increased rock fall activity and deglaciation in warming periods.
Application of epineural sheath conduit for restoration of 6‐cm long nerve defects in a sheep median nerve model
Authors: Siemionow Maria , Cwykiel Joanna , Uygur Safak , Kwiecien Grzegorz , Oztürk Can , Szopinski Jacek , Madajka Maria 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundDue to limited number of studies, we tested feasibility of autologous epineural sheath conduit (ESC) in repair of 6‐cm median nerve gaps in a sheep—the large animal model.Materials and methodsEight ewes, 6–8 months old, 30–35 kg, were divided into three experimental groups: group 1—no defect repair (n = 4 nerves/group), group 2—autograft controls (n = 6 nerves/group), group 3—autologous ESC filled with saline (n = 6 nerves/group). ESC was constructed from a 6‐cm long segment of sheep median nerve and tested for expression of laminin B, Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S‐100 and CD31 using immunofluorescent staining. At 6 months after nerve repair, nerve conduction velocity and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) assessed neurosensory recovery, while histomorphometry tested nerve regeneration.ResultsEx vivo characterization of ESC, before in vivo nerve gap repair, showed high laminin B expression, which supports axonal growth. At 6 months post‐repair, structural integrity of ESC was preserved. ESC was well‐vascularized and tissue adhesions were comparable to autograft controls. The maximal conduction velocities (29.80 ± 5.85 ms vs. 32.28 ± 6.75 ms; p = .44), action potential amplitudes (32.68 ± 17.44 mV vs. 44.14 ± 23.10 mV; p = .38) and SSEP amplitude values (6.18 ± 5.84 mV vs. 4.68 ± 2.53 mV; p = .28) were comparable between autograft and ESC groups. Presence of regenerating axons was confirmed in the distal segment of ESC at 6 months after repair.ConclusionThe feasibility of ESC in restoration of 6‐cm long nerve defects in a sheep median nerve model was confirmed by nerve conduction assessments and correlated with axonal regeneration tested by histomorphometry. We confirmed ESC potential in support of regeneration of long nerve defects.
A novel compact dual‐mode SIW filter with wide rejection band and selective response
Authors: Mahan Ahmad , Pourjafari Seyed Mojtaba , Tayarani Majid , Mahani Mohammad Shahidzadeh 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA compact dual‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter with wide upper stopband is presented. A cross shaped slot is etched on the top plane of SIW cavity to alter the second mode (TE201) current distribution and move it closer to the first mode (TE101), to enhance the bandwidth flatness. Removing few via near the excitation ports, provides longer path for the current to resonance and give us the transmission zeros (TZ1) in a simple way. Another 2 TZs are used to improve the stopband by suppressing higher order modes resonances. The designed filter is fabricated and tested and a very good result is achieved to confirm the design idea. There is also a good agreement between the measured and Full Wave simulated results. The fabricated sample realizes a fractional bandwidth of 9.1% at 7.5 GHz center frequency and 2 zeros at 12.5 GHz and 15 GHz.
Survival after diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma among children, adolescents, and young adults in California, 2001–2014: A population‐based study
Authors: Abrahão R. , Ribeiro R.C. , Lichtensztajn D.Y. , Rosenberg A.S. , Keegan T.H.M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis population‐based study considered the influence of rituximab on the survival of children (0–19 years), adolescents, and young adults (AYAs, 20–39 years) with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), including patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.MethodsData on 642 children and AYAs diagnosed with DLBCL during 2001–2014 were obtained from the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry in California. Facility‐level reports provided treatment details. The Kaplan–Meier method estimated survival and Cox regression models examined the association between survival and rituximab use, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors.ResultsRituximab use increased from 2001–2007 to 2008–2014 among children (from 32% to 48%), AYAs (from 68% to 84%), and HIV patients (from 57% to 67%). Five‐year survival was higher among children (91%) than AYAs (82%). On multivariable analysis, the hazard of death was 44% lower among rituximab recipients, and higher among uninsured patients, those with HIV, and those with advanced stage at diagnosis. HIV patients who received rituximab were 60% less likely to die than nonrecipients.ConclusionsOur study suggests a benefit of rituximab on the treatment of AYAs and HIV patients with DLBCL. The worse survival observed among HIV‐positive and uninsured patients is of concern and calls for further investigation. Careful consideration should be given on whether to recommend rituximab more often on the front‐line treatment of children and HIV‐positive patients with DLBCL.
IKZF1 deletion and co‐occurrence with other aberrations in a child with chronic myeloid leukemia progressing to acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Klumb Claudete Esteves , Barbosa Thayana da Conceição , Nestal de Moraes Gabriela , Schramm Marcia Trindade , Emerenciano Mariana , Maia Raquel Ciuvalschi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare disease in children. Different from that in adults, childhood CML involves transformative events occurring over a short time period. CML transformation to lymphoid blast phase (BP) is associated with copy number abnormalities, characteristic of BCR‐ABL1 positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but not of CML in the chronic phase. Here, we present an unusual case of CML progressing to BP in a 1.6‐year‐old child, harboring IKZF1, PAX5, CDKN2A, and ETV6 deletions at diagnosis. It remains to be addressed whether distinct mechanisms might account for CML pathogenesis in early childhood.
Longitudinal changes in lung size and intrapulmonary‐artery Doppler during the second half of pregnancy in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Cruz‐Martinez Rogelio , Martínez‐Rodríguez Miguel , Nieto‐Castro Belén , Gámez‐Varela Alma , Cruz‐Lemini Monica , Luna‐García Jonahtan , Juárez‐Martínez Israel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of the study are to evaluate longitudinal changes in lung size and intrapulmonary‐artery (IPa) Doppler in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and assess their contribution in predicting neonatal survival.MethodsThe observed/expected lung‐to‐head ratio (O/E‐LHR) and IPa–pulsatility index (PI) and peak early diastolic reversed flow (PEDRF) were evaluated in a cohort of left‐sided CDH fetuses managed expectantly during pregnancy. Longitudinal changes were analyzed by multilevel analysis, and their value to predict survival using the multiple logistic regression and decision‐tree analysis was assessed.ResultsA total of 232 scans were performed on 69 CDH fetuses. The O/E‐LHR values remained unchanged during fetal monitoring, whereas IPa–PI and PEDRF showed a progressive increase throughout follow‐up, becoming abnormal on average at 30 weeks of gestation. Absent/reversed end‐diastolic velocity (EDV) in the IPa was observed in 20.3%. O/E‐LHR and IPa Doppler indices were significantly associated with probability of survival (O/E‐LHR ≥ 26%, odds ratio [OR] 19.0; IPa–PI <+2.0 z score, OR 3.0; and positive EDV, OR 7.4). All cases with IPa‐reversed EDV died after birth.ConclusionWhile lung size remains stable during pregnancy, CDH fetuses show progressive deterioration in intrapulmonary blood flow. IPa Doppler evaluation may aid in predicting survival of CDH fetuses managed expectantly during pregnancy.
Mental and behavioural disorders in the children of mothers diagnosed with cancer: A Danish population‐based register study
Authors: Momen Natalie C. , Ernst Andreas , Arendt Linn H. , Olsen Jørn , Li Jiong , Gissler Mika , Ramlau‐Hansen Cecilia H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveMaternal cancer may be associated with offspring mental and behavioural disorders through various biological pathways. When postnatally diagnosed, it may cause stress and changes in care, potentially influencing mental health. Prenatally diagnosed cancer could lead to maternal stress and treatment, or influence foetal neural development. This study investigates associations between prenatally or postnatally diagnosed maternal cancers and mental and behavioural disorders in children.MethodsThe study composed of 2 158 430 children born in Denmark (1978‐2012). Children were exposed if their mother received a cancer diagnosis prenatally (2 years prepartum, until birth) or postnatally (birth, until 18 years postpartum). Further analyses considered cancer types and diagnostic delays. Children were followed until 18 years of age or the first of the following: diagnosis of a mental or behavioural disorder, emigration, death, end of follow‐up.ResultsDuring follow‐up 79 682 (3.7%) children were diagnosed with mental or behavioural disorders. There was an increased risk among offspring exposed to postnatally diagnosed cancers (HR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.11); for prenatally diagnosed cancers HR was 1.07 (0.87‐1.31). The strongest associations for disorder types were for prenatal diagnoses with mood/affective disorders (HR 2.45; 1.02‐5.89) and postnatal diagnoses with mood/affective disorders (HR 1.43; 1.14‐1.79).ConclusionsThe results indicate a link between maternal cancer occurrence during pregnancy or early postnatal life, and mental and behavioural disorders in offspring. This association could be driven by common factors in the two periods, such as psychological stress or genetic factors. No specific foetal programming was identified.
Monitoring of time between events with a double generally weighted moving average control chart
Authors: Alevizakos Vasileios , Koukouvinos Christos , Lappa Angeliki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMonitoring of time between events (TBE) instead of the number of events is used in high‐quality processes where the events occur rarely. This article presents a double generally weighted moving average control chart with a lower time‐varying control limit to monitor the TBE (regarded as DGWMA‐TBE chart). The design parameters of the proposed chart are provided, and through a simulation study, it is shown that the DGWMA‐TBE chart is more effective than the DEWMA and GWMA charts in detecting moderate to large shifts. Furthermore, the DGWMA‐TBE chart is very robust for the same range of shifts when the TBE observations follow a Weibull or a lognormal distribution. Finally, examples are also presented to enhance the performance of the proposed chart.
Designing Three‐dimensional (3D) Non‐Fullerene Small Molecule Acceptors with Efficient Photovoltaic Parameters
Authors: Ans Muhammad , Iqbal Javed , Ahmad Zahoor , Muhammad Shabbir , Hussain Riaz , Eliasson Bertil , Ayub Khurshid 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A−D‐A) type small molecules (M1, M2, M3 and M4) are theoretically investigated for optoelectronic properties. The designed molecules contain spirobifluorene as core unit linked with end capped acceptors through four four thieno‐[3,2‐b]Thiophene (TT) units. The end capped acceptors are (3‐methyl‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐4‐one) (M1), 2‐(2‐ethylidene‐5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (M2), 2‐(3‐ethyl‐4‐oxothiazolidin‐2‐ylidine)malononitrile (M3) and 2‐(2‐ethylidene‐5,6‐dicyano‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (M4). The photovoltaic parameters of the designed molecules are compared with the recently reported reference compound R. Among all designed molecules, M4 is a low energy gap material (2.28 eV), broad absorption which is attributed to excellent communication between strong electron withdrawing end capped acceptors through extended conjugation. All newly designed molecules have lower binding energy as compared to reference molecule R which results in higher exciton dissociation in excited state. The reorganization energy calculations indicate good charge transfer ability of the designed molecules. M4 shows the lowest λe (0.0022) value with respect to the reference molecule R (0.034) which signifies its enhanced electronic transport behavior. The calculated open circuit voltages (Voc) ranges from 1.97 to 2.36 eV, 2.11 to 2.49 eV and 1.9 eV to 2.28 eV with respect to three different well known donor materials PTB7‐Th, PBDB−T and P3HT, respectively.