bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's untreated decay is positively associated with past caries experience and with current salivary loads of mutans Streptococci; negatively with self‐reported maternal iron supplements during pregnancy: a multifactorial analysis
Authors: Fernando Surani , Kumar Santhosh , Bakr Mahmoud , Speicher David , Lea Rodney , Scuffham Paul A. , Johnson Newell W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored the association of children's salivary characteristics, past caries experience, birth weight, and reported maternal prenatal vitamin and mineral supplementation with the dental untreated decay of the child.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study, a sub‐study of Griffith University Environments for Healthy Living birth cohort study, was conducted on 174 mother‐child dyads. Mother's prenatal usage of vitamin and mineral supplements; child's birthweight; salivary pH, buffering capacity, and levels of salivary MS and LB were explored as risk indicators. Dental caries experience was assessed using International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria. Path analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of risk indicators with children's current and past dental caries experience.ResultsChildren's past caries experience (β = 0.332,p= 0.018), and salivary MS counts (β = 0.215,p= 0.032) were positively associated with untreated decay at time of examination. With a trend towards significance, children whose mothers had reported taking iron supplements during pregnancy experienced lower levels of past caries (β = −0.137,p= 0.068) and untreated dental caries (β = −0.046,p= 0.051).ConclusionsThis study confirms that a child's levels of untreated decay is positively associated with their past caries, and that it correlates with current levels of salivary MS. Children of mothers who reported to have taken iron supplements during pregnancy experienced less caries throughout their lives. These observations confirm the importance to offspring of monitoring maternal health throughout pregnancy and of early monitoring of children's oral health in preventing future dental disease.
Non‐adherence to psychotropic medication assessed by plasma level in newly admitted psychiatric patients: Prevalence before acute admission
Authors: Geretsegger Christian , Pichler Eva‐Maria , Gimpl Kathrin , Aichhorn Wolfgang , Stelzig Renate , Grabher‐Stoeffler Gertrud , Hiemke Christoph , Zernig Gerald 
Published: December 2018

AimsNon‐adherence or partial adherence to psychotropic medication is found in 18–70% of patients. Many previously used methods for the assessment of adherence (e.g. questionnaires, pill counts, and electronic systems), however, might underreport actual rates of non‐adherence to medication. The aim of this study was to quantify adherence using plasma level.MethodsWe conducted a 6‐week prospective study of all consecutive admitted patients at the Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Clinics of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, who had been treated with antipsychotics/antidepressants prior to admission (pre‐medication dosage in 161 of 233). Plasma drug levels were determined and compared with expected levels based on known preadmission dosing regimens and average pharmacokinetic data.ResultsSeventy‐three percent of the patients had actual plasma levels clearly below or above the intended level. Significantly more patients with schizophrenia (66%) did not take the medication as prescribed, when compared with patients with affective disorders (47%) or those with other psychiatric diagnoses (41%). Only 27% (44 of 161) of the patients had plasma level in the expected range based on the dosage.ConclusionThe risk of partial adherence or non‐adherence is expected in two‐thirds of patients with schizophrenia, half of patients with affective disorders, and approximately 40% of patients with other psychiatric diagnoses. Given that admitting psychiatrists could not provide an accurate assessment of patient adherence, it is strongly suggested that clinical judgment be supplemented with the actual monitoring of adherence – and further optimization of pharmacotherapy – by means of therapeutic drug monitoring.
A Bayesian Semiparametric Approach for Trend–Seasonal Interaction: an Application to Migration Forecasts
Authors: Milivinti Alice , Benini Giacomo 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWe model complex trend–seasonal interactions within a Bayesian framework. The contribution divides into two parts. First, it proves, via a set of simulations, that a semiparametric specification of the interplay between the seasonal cycle and the global time trend outperforms parametric and non-parametric alternatives when the seasonal behaviour is represented by Fourier series of order bigger than 1. Second, the paper uses a Bayesian framework to forecast Swiss immigration, merging the simulations’ outcome with a set of priors derived from alternative hypotheses about the future number of incomers. The result is an effective symbiosis between Bayesian probability and semiparametric flexibility that can reconcile past observations with unprecedented expectations.
Design and visualization of second‐generation cyanoisoindole‐based fluorescent strigolactone analogs
Authors: Van Overtveldt Melissa , Braem Lukas , Struk Sylwia , Kaczmarek Anna M. , Boyer François‐Didier , Van Deun Rik , Gevaert Kris , Goormachtig Sofie , Heugebaert Thomas S. A. , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: December 2018

Summary
Strigolactones (SLs) are a family of terpenoid allelochemicals that were recognized as plant hormones only a decade ago. They influence a myriad of both above‐ and below‐ground developmental processes, and are an important survival strategy for plants in nutrient‐deprived soils. A rapidly emerging approach to gain knowledge on hormone signaling is the use of traceable analogs. A unique class of labeled SL analogs was constructed, in which the original tricyclic lactone moiety of natural SLs is replaced by a fluorescent cyanoisoindole ring system. Biological evaluation as parasitic seed germination stimulant and hypocotyl elongation repressor proved the potency of the cyanoisoindole strigolactone analogs (CISAs) to be comparable to the commonly accepted standard GR24. Additionally, via a SMXL6 protein degradation assay, we provided molecular evidence that the compounds elicit SL‐like responses through the natural signaling cascade. All CISAs were shown to exhibit fluorescent properties, and the high quantum yield and Stokes shift of the pyrroloindole derivative CISA‐7 also enabled in vivo visualization in plants. In contrast to the previously reported fluorescent analogs, CISA‐7 displays a large similarity in shape and structure with natural SLs, which renders the analog a promising tracer to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of SLs in plants and fungi.
Evidence of pandemic H1N1 influenza exposure in dogs and cats, Thailand: A serological survey
Authors: Tangwangvivat Ratanaporn , Chanvatik Sunicha , Charoenkul Kamonpan , Chaiyawong Supassama , Janethanakit Taveesak , Tuanudom Ranida , Prakairungnamthip Duangduean , Boonyapisitsopa Supanat , Bunpapong Napawan , Amonsin Alongkorn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInfluenza A virus causes respiratory disease in both humans and animals. In this study, a survey of influenza A antibodies in domestic dogs and cats was conducted in 47 animal shelters in 19 provinces of Thailand from September 2011 to September 2014. One thousand and eleven serum samples were collected from 932 dogs and 79 cats. Serum samples were tested for influenza A antibodies using a multi‐species competitive NP‐ELISA and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The NP‐ELISA results showed that 0.97% (9/932) of dogs were positive, but all cat samples were negative. The HI test against pandemic H1N1, human H3N2 and canine H3N2 showed that 0.64% (6/932) and 1.20% (1/79) of dogs and cats were positive, respectively. It is noted that all six serum samples (5 dogs and 1 cat) had antibodies against pandemic H1N1. In summary, a serological survey revealed the evidence of pandemic H1N1 influenza exposure in both dogs and cats in the shelters in Thailand.
Catecholamine response to exercise in patients with non‐obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shah Ankit B. , Bechis Mary Z. , Brown Marcel , Finch Jennifer Michaud , Loomer Garrett , Groezinger Erich , Weiner Rory B. , Wasfy Meagan M. , Picard Michael H. , Fifer Michael A. , Lewis Gregory B. , Baggish Aaron L. 
Published: December 2018

Key points
Intense physical activity, a potent stimulus for sympathetic nervous system activation, is thought to increase the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
As a result, the majority of patients with HCM deliberately reduce their habitual physical activity after diagnosis and this lifestyle change puts them at risk for sequelae of a sedentary lifestyle: weight gain, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, coronary artery disease, and increased morbidity and mortality.
We show that plasma catecholamine levels remain stably low at exercise intensities below the ventilatory threshold, a parameter that can be defined during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, but rise rapidly at higher intensities of exercise.
These findings suggest that cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be a useful tool to provide an individualized moderate‐intensity exercise prescription for patients with HCM.
AbstractIntense physical activity, a potent stimulus for sympathetic nervous system activation, is thought to increase the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the impact of exercise intensity on plasma catecholamine levels among HCM patients has not been rigorously defined. We conducted a prospective observational case‐control study of men with non‐obstructive HCM and age‐matched controls. Laboratory‐based cardiopulmonary exercise testing coupled with serial phlebotomy was used to define the relationship between exercise intensity and plasma catecholamine levels. Compared to controls (C, n = 5), HCM participants (H, n = 9) demonstrated higher left ventricular mass index (115 ± 20 vs. 90 ± 16 g/m2, P = 0.03) and maximal left ventricular wall thickness (16 ± 1 vs. 8 ± 1 mm, P < 0.001) but similar body mass index, resting heart rate, peak oxygen consumption (H = 40 ± 13 vs. C = 42 ± 7 ml/kg/min, P = 0.81) and heart rate at the ventilatory threshold (H = 78 ± 6 vs. C = 78 ± 4% peak heart rate, P = 0.92). During incremental effort exercise in both groups, concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline were unchanged through low‐ and moderate‐exercise intensity until reaching a catecholamine threshold (H = 82 ± 4 vs. C = 85 ± 3% peak heart rate, P = 0.86) after which levels of both molecules rose rapidly. In patients with mild non‐obstructive HCM, plasma catecholamine levels remain stably low at exercise intensities below the ventilatory threshold but rise rapidly at higher intensities of exercise. Routine cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be a useful tool to provide an individualized moderate‐intensity exercise prescription for patients with HCM.
Opacification of hydrophilic intraocular lenses associated with vitrectomy and injection of intraocular gas
Authors: Marcovich Arie L , Tandogan Tamer , Bareket Mor , Eting Eva , Kaplan-Ashiri Ifat , Bukelman Amir , Auffarth Gerd U , Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo report 11 cases of intraocular lens (IOL) opacification after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) involving intravitreal gas injection.Methods and analysisEleven cases of hydrophilic IOLs that opacified following PPV with intravitreal gas injection are described. Eight IOLs were explanted and analysed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Staining with alizarin red and von Kossa stains, as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed. Three IOLs were not explanted. The surgeons attached the clinical data.ResultsThe IOLs were hydrophilic acrylic produced by six manufacturers. Six patients underwent primarily phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. PPV with intravitreal gas injection was performed 3 months–6 years afterwards. The other five patients underwent combined phacoemulsification with IOL implantation and PPV with intravitreal gas injection. IOL opacification was recorded 1 month –6 years after PPV. In eight patients, the IOLs were explanted 1 month–9 years after opacification was noticed. In three patients, the opacified IOL was not explanted. IOLs had opacified mainly anteriorly at the pupillary entrance or capsulorhexis opening. Light microscopy demonstrated granular surface deposits on the IOLs that stained positive for calcium by alizarin red and von Kossa stains. EDX analysis of the deposits detected calcium and phosphorus.ConclusionsHydrophilic acrylic IOLs can opacify due to calcium deposition after PPV and intravitreal gas injection and may require IOL explantation. A hydrophobic IOL may be preferred when a simultaneous phacoemulsification and vitrectomy with intravitreal gas is performed.
Study of the relationship between self-stigma and subjective quality of life for individuals with chronic schizophrenia in the community
Authors: Guo Yi , Qu Shumin , Qin Hongyun 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundStudies conducted outside of China have found that stigma can predict low quality of life, and research in China has shown that stigma has an impact on the quality of life of convalescent patients with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, there is no indepth research on the impact of stigma on the quality of life of patients.AimsTo research the correlation of stigma and the subjective quality of life of persons with chronic schizophrenia in the community.MethodsWe adopted a stratified sampling method. General questionnaire, quality of life scale and stigma scale were given to 602 persons with chronic schizophrenia in the community.ResultsThe mean (SD) value of the Subjective Quality of Life Scale total scores was 32.99 (13.85). The mean (SD) value of the total stigma scores was 43.50 (5.02). After correlation analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis, it was shown that the total scores for self-stigma and each factor were positively correlated with subjective quality of life (r=0.462,p<0.001), psychosocial factors (r=0.517,p<0.001), and symptoms and adverse reaction factor scores (r=0.363,p<0.001), and the correlation coefficients were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe higher the stigma of persons with schizophrenia in the community, the lower the subjective quality of life is. This suggests that reduction of self-stigma should be considered in the improvement of the quality of life of persons with schizophrenia in the community.
Disruption of periaqueductal grey-default mode network functional connectivity predicts persistent post-traumatic headache in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Niu Xuan , Bai Lijun , Sun Yingxiang , Wang Shan , Cao Jieli , Sun Chuanzhu , Wang Zhuonan , Xu Hui , Gan Shuoqiu , Fan Geng , Huang Wenmin , Gu Chenghui , Yin Bo , Bai Guanghui , Xu Xiaoling , Zhang Ming 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivePost-traumatic headache (PTH) is one of the most frequent and persistent physical symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and develop in more than 50% of this population. This study aimed to investigate the periaqueductal grey (PAG)-seeded functional connectivity (FC) in patients with mTBI with acute post-traumatic headache (APTH) and further examine whether the FC can be used as a neural biomarker to identify patients developing chronic pain 3 months postinjury.Methods70 patients with mTBI underwent neuropsychological measurements and MRI scans within 7 days postinjury and 56 (80%) of patients were followed up at 3 months. 46 healthy controls completed the same protocol on recruitment to the study. PAG-seeded resting-state FC analysis was measured in 54 patients with mTBI with APTH, in comparison with 46 healthy volunteers.ResultsThe mTBI+APTH group presented significantly reduced PAG-seeded FC within the default mode network (DMN), compared with healthy volunteers group. The connectivity strength can also predict patients’ complaints on the impact of headache on their lives. Crucially, the initial FC strength between the PAG-right precuneus as well as the PAG-right inferior parietal lobule became the important predictor to identify patients with mTBI developing persistent PTH 3 months postinjury.ConclusionsPatients with mTBI+APTH exhibited significant PAG-related FC differences mainly within the DMN. These regions extended beyond traditional pain processing areas and may reflect the diminished top-down attention regulation of pain perception through antinociceptive descending modulation network. The disrupted PAG-DMN FC may be used as an early imaging biomarker to identify patients at risk of developing persistent PTH.
Unintended consequences of the electronic medical record on physicians in training and their mentors
Authors: Paterick Zachary R , Patel Nachiket J , Paterick Timothy Edward 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFor physicians in training and their mentors, the process of learning and teaching clinical medicine has become challenging in the electronic medical record (EMR) era. Trainees and their mentors exist in a milieu of incessant box checking and laborious documentation that has no clinical educational value, limits the time for teaching and curtails clinical cognitive skill development. These unintended consequences of the EMR are juxtaposed against the EMR’s intended benefits of improved patient care and safety with reduced medical errors, improved clinical support systems, reduced potential for negligence with clinical data and metadata data supporting compliance with the standard of care. Although the mindset was technology would be the solution to many healthcare issues, there was not an appreciation of the cumulative impact of the non-educational workload on physician time and education. The EMR was intended to improve the efficiency of medical care and time management. It appears that the unintended consequences of the EMR with numerous checkboxes, automatic filling of computer screens, pre-worded templates, and automatic history and physical examination functions with detailed administrative oversight and compliance monitoring were not appreciated, and many believe that burden has overwhelmed the intended benefits of the EMR. This juxtaposition of the intended and unintended consequences of the EMR has left trainees and mentors struggling to optimise medical education and development of clinical skills while providing high-quality patient medical care. Physician educators must identify how to use the benefits of the EMR and overcome the unintended consequences. A major unintended consequence of the EMR is time dedicated to automate functions that detract from the time spent with mentors and patients. This time loss has the potential to restrict the physician from meeting the essential canons of medical informed consent and interfere with a physician meeting her fiduciary duties to the patient. To raise awareness and stimulate a search for solutions that benefit medical education and patient care, we will explore the intended and unintended consequences of the EMR and potential solutions using the intelligent systems of the EMR.
Increasing proportion of herpes simplex virus type 1 among women and men diagnosed with first-episode anogenital herpes: a retrospective observational study over 14 years in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Durukan Duygu , Fairley Christopher K , Bradshaw Catriona S , Read Tim R H , Druce Julian , Catton Michael , Caly Leon , Chow Eric P F 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesReports of rising herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genital infections relative to HSV-2 have been published up to 2006 in Australia. These changes have been attributed to declining childhood immunity to HSV-1. We described the temporal trends of HSV-1 and HSV-2 up to 2017 in Melbourne, Australia, to determine if the earlier trend is continuing.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 4517 patients who were diagnosed with first episode of anogenital HSV infection at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia, between January 2004 and December 2017. HSV-1 and HSV-2 were calculated as a proportion of all first episode of anogenital HSV infections. The change in the proportions of HSV-1 and HSV-2 over time was assessed by a χ2trend test. Risk factors associated with HSV-1 were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsThe proportion of first episode of anogenital herpes due to HSV-1 increased significantly over time in women (from 45% to 61%; ptrend<0.001) and heterosexual men (from 38% to 41%; ptrend=0.01) but not in men who have sex with men (MSM) (ptrend=0.21). After adjusting for condom use, partner number and age, the annual increase remained significant only in women (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13, p<0.001). In MSM, HSV-1 caused up to two-thirds of anogenital herpes in most years and HSV-1 was more likely to be diagnosed at an anal site than genital site (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.32, p<0.001). Younger age (<28 years) was an independent risk factor for HSV-1 in all groups.ConclusionsThe proportion of first-episode anogenital herpes due to HSV-1 has been rising in women since 2004. HSV-1 has become the leading cause of anogenital herpes in younger populations, women and MSM.
Cohort effects of tobacco control policy: evidence to support a tobacco-free norm through smoke-free policy
Authors: Kang Heewon , Cho Sung-il 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe prevalence of cigarette smoking among South Korean adolescents has decreased markedly over the past decade, which may indicate a norm shift between generations of adolescents. The present study aims to identify the effect of banning smoking in public places and increasing cigarette prices on current adolescent smoking, and to determine whether these policies additionally resulted in cohort effects.MethodsRepeated cross-sectional survey data, nationally representative of South Korean adolescents, were used. A total of 853 441 adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 18 years (mean age, 15 years) were identified. Models applied were segmented regression model to detect changes in smoking trends and age-period-cohort model to determine the cohort effects on the trends.FindingsBetween 2006 and 2017, smoking decreased from 16% to 9% in boys and from 9% to 3% in girls. After a complete ban on smoking in public places, there were significantly negative trends in the prevalence of smoking for both boys (β=−1.1; 95% CI: −1.9 to −0.2) and girls (β=−0.4; 95% CI: −0.6 to −0.1). Immediate decrease among girls was found after cigarette prices increased (β=−0.8; 95% CI: −1.5 to −0.2). For the cohort effect, the risk of smoking decreased with every consecutive year for boys born after 1998 and girls born after 1997.ConclusionsOur results indicate the presence of cohort effects in the reduction of adolescent smoking. The cohort effect was induced by smoke-free legislation. Research on cohort effects, and methods to denormalise tobacco, will contribute to preventing adolescents from ever trying a cigarette.