bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROPAGATION OF PECAN BY LAYERING
Authors: Abou-Taleb S. , Wood B.W. , Fouad M.M. , Yates I.E. 
Published: February 2019

At present, a clonal rootstock for pecan is unavailable. Studies were initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of air-layering, stooling and trench layering techniques for propagation and field survival of clonal pecan rootstocks and to obtain an estimation of the relative responsiveness of genotypes.
These studies demonstrated that clonal rootstocks and scion materials can be produced for pecan genotypes by either of the air-layering, stooling, or trench layering techniques. Survival and health of clones were generally best from ramets produced by the stooling and trench layering methods if girdling plus IBA is used to induce rooting. Of the three methods evaluated, stooling would appear to be the most practical method of producing rootstock materials since it produces the most healthy clones, although its yield per tree is probably a little less than that of trench-layering. The influence of the `girdling plus IBA' treatment on overall physiology of the rooted shoot appears to be relatively minor when compared to that of the `check'.
MICROPROPAGATION OF MUSA ON A STATIONARY LIQUID MEDIUM
Authors: Harris Joan P. 
Published: February 2019

In vitro growth of banana, Musa sp., using a modified Murashige and Skoog liquid medium was compared with the same formulation solidified by the addition of agar. Plants grown on the stationary liquid weighed more and had a higher multiplication rate. The best volume of liquid and number of plants per vessel were determined.
Four hundred plants grown in liquid media were studied for one year after planting in the field. Flowering occurred at 7 months and harvesting 3 months later. The mutation rate observed was below 5%.
A HYDROPONICS NUTRIENT SOLUTION BASED ON COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER'
Authors: Ready Kathleen M. , Barker Allen V. 
Published: February 2019

Many people want to use hydroponics in production of plants but often are hobbyists with limited access to the reagents necessary to formulate a nutrient solution. Several readily available commercial fertilizers and chemicals with tomato-(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as the test plant were used to develop a nutrient solution. A 20-8.8-16.6 IN-P-K) general purpose fertilizer was added (1 g/liter) to deionized water to make a basic solution. This solution was fortified with slow-release fertilizer (approx. 17N-2.6P-8.5K with Ca, Hg, and minor elements) at 1 g/liter added directly to hydroponics vessels. Tomato developed severe foliar symptoms of Ca deficiency in this medium. Addition of CaSO4 or CaCO3 at 0.5 or 1 g/liter to give a solid phase of these chemicals in the vessels prevented development of symptoms of Ca deficiency; however, plants now showed symptoms of Mg deficiency. Addition of MgS0 at 0.25 g/liter to the basic solution prevented symptoms o Mg deficiency. Analyses confirmed that leaf N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were sufficient. This solution was as good as Hoagland's No. 1 solution for growth of tomato, marigold, and cucumber and was better than Hoagland's solution for growth of corn and wheat.
GREENHOUSE TOMATOES - CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS OF A GROWING INDUSTRY IN MISSISSIPPI
Authors: Snyder Richard G. 
Published: February 2019

Production of greenhouse tomatoes, while not new to Mississippi, has increased in the past 4 years to an industry of noteworthy size. This specialized industry in Mississippi has faded in and out of popularity over the years, as new growers have sometimes been stimulated by greenhouse supply companies looking for prospective customers. Often, rumors of incredibly high yields, consistently high demand and price, and minimal problems with pests and culture have encouraged novice growers to start in such a big way as to make it impossible to pay off their debts. With strong support from the Extension Service and the Experiment Station in Missiippi, the number of grown has increased from a handful to 71, utilizing 224 free-standing or gutter-connected greenhouse bays, occupying 12 acres under plastic. This has placed Mississippi within the top 10 greenhouse vegetable producing states in the U.S. and has helped to build a $1.8 million industry. University support has taken the form of: 1) monthly Vegetable Press Newsletter, 2) annual Greenhouse Tomato Short Course each April, 3) Greenhouse Tomato Handbook (1992). 4) organized Greenhouse Tours. 5) a greenhouse tomato production video now in the planning stage, and 6) excellent support by Plant Pathologists and Entomologists. To support these growers, most of whom are new to greenhouse tomatoes, a number of culturally based experiments have been performed at the Truck Crop Branch Experiment Station. These have included evaluation of heating systems, media, varieties, biological control, fog cooling, and bumblebee pollination.
HOME COMPOSTING: A STATE-WIDE INTERAGENCY INITIATIVE
Authors: McLaurin WJ. , Wade G.L. 
Published: February 2019

In response to national Cooperative. Extension Service initiative and Georgia's Solid Waste Management Acts, eight state agencies and University of Georgia personnel joined forces to demonstrate simple and effective home composting concepts in a workshop format. Attended by over 550 participants, a series of ten workshops were held in selected locations throughout the state. These workshops were designed to instruct local volunteers to teach appropriate waste management practices concerning home composting and how home composting can help meet the state mandated 25% landfill reduction goal, what costs are involved, how to establish a community education program, and where to obtain technical assistance. During the daylong workshop, participants heard presentations on five important aspects of the role of composting in community waste management--the legislative/environmental mandate., the composting process, equipment/site requirements, curbside waste reduction, and start-up for local programs in home composting. As the first state-wide home composting educational project, it serves as a model for other state-wide initiatives targeting waste management concerns, and creates appropriate impetus for community waste management action throughout the state.
093 POSITION OF SUNLIGHT-EXPOSED CLUSTERS INFLUENCES DIURNAL PATTERNS OF FRUIT TEMPERATURE
Authors: Zabadal Thomas J. , Dittmer Thomas W. 
Published: February 2019

Sunlight-exposed clusters of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay at twelve positions on a N-S oriented, single curtain trellis were monitored for temperature to determine their patterns of heat summation and diurnal temperature.
Diurnal patterns of temperature differed greatly among these clusters. These differences reflected the solar insolation on individual clusters. Point-in-time measurements among clusters during mid-day varied as much as 12°C. 24-hour heat summation for these clusters revealed little difference among them. Heat summations for periods of daylight or solar insolation indicate more heat accumulation for clusters on the top of the trellis, at ground level and on the west side of the trellis than on the east side of the trellis. These differences might be usefully exploited when training vines to maximize aspects of fruit maturation in relatively cool climates.
124 VEGETABLE CROP RESPONSE TO SOIL COMPACTION
Authors: Wolfe David W. 
Published: February 2019

Field studies conducted in 1993 on an Eel loam soil compared the growth and yield response of direct-seeded cabbage, cucumber, snap bean, and sweet corn, and transplanted cabbage, to a compacted soil layer (>2.5 MPa penetrometer resistance) at the 15 - 30 cm depth. Direct-seeded cabbage and snap bean were most severely affected by compaction, with 50% yield losses, and much smaller cabbage head size in compacted plots. Transplanted cabbage had a 30% lower yield in compacted compared to uncompactcd plots. Early vegetative growth of cucumber was less stunted by compaction compared to snap bean and cabbage, but compaction nevertheless resulted in a 50% reduction in total cucumber yield. Compaction delayed maturity and reduced early yield of cabbage, snap bean, and cucumber. Sweet corn yield was reduced by only 10% when grown on compacted soil, and there was no delay in maturity. Sweet corn responded more negatively to compaction in a 1992 field experiment,
Greenhouse studies found a reduction in total plant biomass at 21 days after planting of 30%, 14%, 1%. and 3% for snap bean, cabbage, cucumber, and sweet corn, respectively, in pots compacted at the 10 cm depth. Sweet corn had a significantly higher proportion of root biomass in the compacted zone compared to the other crops. For all species, the growth reductions could not be attributed to reductions in leaf turgor, photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area or leaf nutrient status.
181 AN ULTRACELLULAR LOOK AT LIGHT-TREATED IPT-TRANSGENIC TOBACCO
Authors: Barbour Sandra L. , Decoteau Dennis R. 
Published: February 2019

Similarities exist between the effects of phytochrome and cytokinins on plant growth and development (e.g., chloroplast development. amaranthin synthesis, seed germination, photomorphogenesis). It is unclear. however, if and how these two systems interact.
To determine the effects of phytochrome activity on cytokinin synthesis and ultracellular plant development, we utilized tobacco transformed with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene. This gene encodes for isopentenyl transferase (iptase) which is an enzyme active in cytokinin biosysthesis.
Ipt-transgenic tobacco cultures were treated with end-of-day red or far-red light for 15 minutes. After 15-30 days of treatment, the plant tissue was harvested and ipt expression was verified by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. Polyclonal antibodies specific to iptase were used as a primary antibody. Colloidal gold conjugated to goat. anti-rabbit antiserum served as an electron dense, secondary antibody and a probe to light-influenced iptase synthesis and distribution within the cell.
A Hitachi 600AB transmission electron microscope was used to determine the influence of phytochrome/light treatments on the ultrastructure of ipr-transgenic cells.
204 POTENTIAL OF BLOWN AIR AS A THIGMIC STRESS FOR TEMPORARY NONCHEMICAL PRIMOCANE SUPPRESSION OF RED RASPBERRY
Authors: Kostman T. , Cameron J. S. , Chen C. , Klauer S. F. 
Published: February 2019

The red raspberry industry of the Pacific Northwest depends upon chemical primocane suppression to temporarily reduce competing vegetation during fruit development. This practice increases yield and harvest efficiency, but can reduce cane vigor, number and diameter over time. Few chemicals are available for this purpose and thus the potential of nonchemical alternatives is being explored. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the potential of blown air as a thigmic stress to temporarily suppress primocane growth.
Blown air treatments were applied once (12 PM) or twice (12\4pm) per day, five days per week using a portable leaf blower generating winds of 273 km per hr. Treatments also included several rates of three experimental herbicides and an untreated control. All treatments were applied when primocanes were 10-15 cm in length and blown air treatments continued through fruit development. Primocane development was monitored over the course of the season.
Blown air reduced primocane length by 15-30% prior to harvest giving control equivalent to current chemical methods. Blown air increased cane diameter but reduced yield by reducing fruit numbers. Reductions in fruit numbers are likely due to flowering\fruiting points removed by blown air.
239 RESPONSE OF KIWIFRUIT SOFTENING TO ETHYLENE APPLICATION
Authors: Chene Guiwen , Crisosto Carlos , Garner David 
Published: February 2019

During the 1993 and 1994 seasons, the response of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. Hayward) flesh softening to exogenous ethylene applications was studied on fruit collected weekly from cold storage and directly from the vines. Fruit samples from both sources, were induced to ripen with and without ethylene preconditioning treatment (10 ppm, 24h at 0C).
During the first 3 weeks of fruit collection, flesh firmness decreased and SSC accumulation increased faster in ethylene treated kiwifruit than in the untreated. After this period, when kiwifruit had close to 9 pounds flesh firmness, ethylene treated and untreated kiwifruit softened at the same rate. Ethylene treatment did not enhance kiwifruit CO2 and ethylene production except at the first harvest time. Furthermore, ethylene treated kiwifruit did not have higher respiration and ethylene rates than untreated kiwifruit when measured at 0, 5 and 20C.
400 PB 001. SOFTWARE USAGE PATTERNS AND STUDY PREFERENCES IN THE EVALUTION OF A COMPUTER-BASED INTERACTIVE PROGRAM FOR WOODY LANDSCAPE PLANT INSTRUCTION
Authors: Lindsey Christopher , Kline Gate , Zampardo Mark 
Published: February 2019

An interactive computer-based system was designed to improve student plant identification skills and knowledge of ornamental, cultural, and usage information in a woody landscape plant materials course. The program is written for use under ToolBook, a Microsoft Windows based program, and incorporates 256-color high-resolution images and text into a single interactive computer program. Features include: a slideshow that allows students to select which genera and plant characteristics are to be viewed and in what order with the option of an interactive quiz, seeing the names immediately, or after a delay; side by side comparison of any image or text selection; and encyclopedic entries, all with a user-defined path and pace of study.
The system is being used to study how students learn the information presented to them via computer technology and which program features are most useful for improving identification skills and knowledge of other plant features. The computer tracks and logs all activity by students on the system for analysis.
443 PB 250 PUNGENCY EVALUATION OF FIFTEEN SHORTDAY ONION CULTIVARS
Authors: Alcalá-Sáinz J. , Yoo K.S. , Pike L.M. , Jones R.W. 
Published: February 2019

Fifteen shortday onion cultivars grown at two production locations (GB and ST) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas were evaluated for pungency levels using gas chromatography (GC) and pyruvic acid tests.
Significant differences (P=0.05) were observed between cultivars in the pyruvic acid and GC tests within each location. Pyruvic acid content ranged from 3.0 to 5.1 μmol·g-1 fresh wt. The amount of total sulfur volatiles measured by the GC method ranged from 28 × 103 to 58 × 103EU. The correlation coefficients between GC and pyruvic acid were 0.10*** and 0.18*** at the GB and ST location, respectively.
When the two locations were combined, no significant differences (P=0.05) were observed between cultivars or locations using the GC test. However, the pyruvic acid test showed significant differences between locations. This result indicated that each cultivar had a different response in pungency as influenced by production location or environment.
596 PB 176 EXTENDING PRACTICAL INFORMATION TO CALIFORNIA CITRUS AND AVOCADO GROWERS
Authors: Witney Guy , Bender Gary , Faber Ben , Neja Rudy , Black Hodge , O'Connell Neil , Sakovich Nicholas , Freeman Mark 
Published: February 2019

The county farm advisors in California are responsible to develop and distribute county newletters to subtropical fruit farmers. The purpose of these newsletters is to appraise growers of emerging research developments and discuss topics of current importance. There is often repitition of information and duplication of mailing lists resulting in costly and innefficient use of the University's limited resources.
A cooperative effort between the California Avocado Society, the Citrus Research Board, and University of California farm advisors involved with subtropical fruit production has resulted in Subtropical Fruit News. This newsletter greatly improves Cooperative Extension's outreach education programs, makes better use of limited resources, yet retains the identity of each advisor and the county or region they serve. This newsletter should serve as a model for other extension programs looking toward maximizing efficiency.
597 PB 179 CROP LOAD-RELATED DEFORMITY OF DEVELOPING PISTACIA VERA CV KERMAN NUTS
Authors: Ferguson Louise , Niven Patrick , Fabbri Andrea , Dallo Lara , Bentley Walter , Metheney Paul , Polito Vito 
Published: February 2019

A deformity designated as `damage by other means' (DBOM) by California pistachio processors appeared in California's San Joaquin Valley orchards in 1990. Incidence, higher during the heavy crop year of this alternate bearing cultivar, was as high as 5% of harvested yield. This represents a significant loss as DBOM nuts cannot be used for shelling stock.
In 1993 ten weekly individual cluster samples from five heavily and five lightly cropped trees demonstrated a higher incidence of DBOM on heavily cropped trees. Further the damage occurred within one month of nut set, was exclusively on subterminal, adaxial positions of the rachis, and, often did not involve the nutmeat unless the deformity was extensive enough to expose the developing nutlet causing desiccation and abscission. Microanatomical studies demonstrated a deterioration of the parenchyma cells that form the inner cell layers of the endocarp (nut shell).
632 PB 284 EVALUATION OF MATURE `BARTLETT' PEAR SELECTIONS GRAFTED ON FIVE ROOTSTOCKS
Authors: Reil Wilbur , Ramos David , Snyder Ronald 
Published: February 2019

Three selections from different bud sources of Bartlett pear were planted in a split block experiment grafted to five rootstocks in 1971. In 1992 and 1993, significant yield and yield efficiency differences occurred between the three selections. The highest yielding selection produced 51 and 40% greater weight then the lowest. The lowest yielding selection also had smaller fruit and lower soluble solids.
Differences of 37 and 52% occurred between the highest and lowest yielding rootstocks. There were also significant differences in trunk cross sectional area, yield efficiency. fruit pressure and soluble solids between rootstocks.
617 PB 299 UVM Apple Fruit Quality Testing: An Efficient Procedure for Measuring and Recording Data
Authors: Clements J.M. , Cowgill W.P. , Costante J. F. 
Published: February 2019

An accurate and efficient system for measuring and recording fruit quality data was developed. Utilizing this procedure and custom made instrumentation. two individuals can efficiently collect, measure and record the following data: apple fruit size (weight and diameter), % red skin color, length/diameter ratio, flesh firmness, soluble solids. seed count. and starch-iodine index at a rate exceeding 60 fruit/hour. If starch iodine and seed counts are eliminated, 100 fruit/hour rates can he achieved. One individual can test 40-50 fruit/hour.
Testing equipment/materials consist of a mechanical weight scale; custom made length/diameter ratio gauge; custom made flesh firmness instrumentation; refractometer; starch-iodine solution and pie pans; and an electronic data-logger. All data is manually entered. The use of custom equipment constructed from readily available parts combined with the UVM Fruit Testing Protocol, has greatly enhanced the speed and accuracy of testing, measuring and quantifying apple fruit quality data.
EFFECT OF OXYGEN CONCENTRATION AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON THE RANCIDITY PROCESS OF WALNUTS AND PEANUTS
Authors: Maté J.I. , Saltveit M.E. , Krochta J.M. 
Published: February 2019

Rancidity is a major problem during the storage of shelled peanuts and walnuts. Blanched peanuts, blanched dry roasted peanuts, blanched oil roasted peanuts (all of them extra large Virginia variety) and shelled Persian walnut (Chandler variety) were maintained in closed jars at 37 C. Relative humidity was controlled by saturated salt solutions at 20% and 55%. Oxygen concentration was 21% or reduced to 0.1% by flushing with nitrogen.
Samples were taken every 2 weeks for 10 weeks. Peroxide values were measured and volatiles were analyzed to determine the rancidity of the samples. Oxygen concentrations in the jars and nut moisture were also measured.
Dry roasted peanuts were the most susceptible to rancidity. Blanched peanuts, without any roasting process, were the most stable. The results quantified the importance of oxygen as a major factor in rancidity at the relative humidities studied. It was concluded that it is possible to quantitatively control the rancidity process by decreasing the oxygen concentration surrounding the nuts.
864 PB 543 RESPONSE OF NIGELLIA SATIVA L. PLANTS TO FERTILIZATION AND GROWTH REGULATOR TREATMENTS. I. VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND SEED YIELD
Authors: Al-Badawy Ahmed A. , Abdalla Nadia M. , Hassan Mahmoud A. , Ali Ahmed F. 
Published: February 2019

Nigellia sativa L. plants were fertilized with different rates of NPK fertilizers and sprayed with the growth regulators BL-2142 at 0, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm, CCC at 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm and Multiprop at 0. 12.5, 25, and 50 ppm.
The results indicated that both of NPK fertilization and growth regulator treatments enhanced the plant growth in terms of stem diameter, branch number and herb dry weight. Also, these treatments caused early flowering, increased fruit number and seed yield compared to the control plants.
The interaction between NPK fertilization and growth regulators had a synergistic effect. The highest seed yield was obtained when the plants received 200, 100, and 25 kg/feddan (feddan = 4200 sqm) of urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate, respectively and sprayed with CCC at 500 ppm.
865 PB 544 RESPONSE OF NIGELLIA SATIVA L. PLANTS TO FERTILIZATION AND GROWTH REGULATOR TREATMENTS. II. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Authors: Al-Badawy Ahmed A. , Abdalla Nadia M. , Hassan Mahmoud A. , Ali Ahmed F. 
Published: February 2019

Nigellia sativa L. plants were fertilized with different rates of NPK fertilizers in combination with the growth regulators, BL-2142, CCC and Multiprop sprayed at varied concentrations.
Fertilization and growth regulators increased the volatile and fixed oil content in the seeds. The photosynthetic pigments in the leaves, the reducing sugar and the total carbohydrate contents, N, P, and K uptake in the herb were also increased.
The interaction between fertilization and growth regulators had a synergistic effect on increasing the volatile and fixed oil percentage and yield, the photosynthetic pigments, N, P, K uptake. The highest volatile oil yield was found when the plants received 100, 200 and 50 kg/feddan (4,200 sqm) of urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate, respectively and sprayed with 500 ppm BL-2142, 1000 ppm CCC or 12.5 pm Multiprop. The volatile oil, fixed oil yield and seed yield were highly and significantly correlated with each other.