bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of Ce–Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles: A Promising Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution and Dyes Degradation
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Bhawna  , Yadav Sanjeev Kumar , Gupta Akanksha , Dwivedi Bhavna , Kumar Anup , Singh Prashant , Deori Kalyanjyoti 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis report discussed the efficient hydrogen generation via water splitting and fast dye degradation pathway using Ce doped SnO2 nanoparticles. One pot synthesis of Ce doped SnO2 nanoparticles was carried out by a simple, convenient wet chemical method using H2O2 and the product obtained was characterized using array of physico‐chemical techniques. Powder X‐ray diffraction confirmed the presence of rutile phase. Band gap for Ce:SnO2 was found out to be 3.80 eV which is more than the pure SnO2 (3.71 eV) and it is due to Moss‐Burstein effect. EDAX analysis and elemental mapping support uniform distribution of 5% Ce and the SEM imaging depicts irregular shape of nanocrystallites. The doping of 5% Ce into the interstitial and lattice positions of SnO2 nanoparticles was also confirmed by the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Raman measurement and photoluminescence analysis showed the presence of oxygen vacancies and disorderness in the nanoparticles. Photocatalytic water splitting proficiency was investigated using Ce doped SnO2 nanomaterials in the presence of NiO as co‐catalyst and other different sacrificial reagents such as methanol, Na2S‐Na2SO3, EDTA ions, triethanolamine and in combinations. It was found that the evolution of H2 is maximum i. e. 25 μmol/g/h in presence of as‐synthesized catalyst, NiO (co‐catalyst) along with EDTA and methanol as scavengers under UV light irradiation. Further, the degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes was investigated under UV‐Visible irradiation using Ce:SnO2 NPs.
The Reaction of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes with 4,7‐Dihydroindole: A New Protocol for the Synthesis of Divergent C2‐Alkylated Indoles
Authors: Kilic Haydar , Dalkilic Oguzhan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNucleophilic ring opening reactions of donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes with 4,7‐dihydroindole (1 a) were described. A series of dimethyl 2‐(2‐(1H‐indol‐2‐yl)‐2‐arylethyl)malonates were synthesized by using Ytterbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate as the catalyst for the first time in good to excellent yields. This study is also the first example for the reaction of donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes with 4,7‐dihydroindole. The obtained products are amenable to purposive elaborations. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (HRMS) techniques.
Infrahepatic Inferior Vena Cava Semi‐Clamping can Reduce Blood Loss During Hepatic Resection but Still Requires Monitoring to Avoid Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Imamura Taisuke , Yamamoto Yusuke , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of infrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) semi‐clamping for reducing blood loss during hepatic resection and its safety remain unclear. The aim of this study was to validate the effectiveness of IVC semi‐clamping for reducing blood loss during hepatic resection and to confirm its safety.MethodsPatients who underwent anatomical hepatic resection between January 2011 and May 2018 were analysed by propensity score‐matched and multivariate analyses.ResultsOf 437 patients who underwent anatomical hepatic resection, IVC semi‐clamping was performed in 196 patients (44.9%; clamping group). A propensity score‐matched analysis demonstrated that even though there was no significant difference in the characteristics of the 141 patients in each group, IVC semi‐clamping reduced the blood loss during hepatic resection (clamping group versus non‐clamping group: 836 ± 123 vs. 1198 ± 124 ml, P = 0.04). Regarding post‐operative complications, the multivariate analysis identified IVC semi‐clamping as an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury on post‐operative day 1 (P = 0.01, odds ratio = 9.23). A significant positive correlation was found between the duration of IVC semi‐clamping and an increased level of serum creatinine (sCre) (P = 0.03), and a significant inverse correlation was found between the blood pressure after clamping and an increased level of sCre (P = 0.02). A receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the duration and mean blood pressure after clamping that indicated a high risk of acute kidney injury to be 116 min and 65 mmHg, respectively.ConclusionIVC semi‐clamping can reduce blood loss during hepatic resection but still necessitates monitoring in order to avoid acute kidney injury.
Substance-Linked Sex in Heterosexual, Homosexual, and Bisexual Men and Women: An Online, Cross-Sectional “Global Drug Survey” Report
Authors: Lawn Will , Aldridge Alexandra , Xia Richard , Winstock Adam R. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Substance use in sexual contexts has received recent attention, but it has mostly been restricted to men who have sex with men and the so-called “chemsex” phenomenon.

Aim
To explore the use of licit and illicit substances in combination with sex in heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual men and women; to explore substance-linked sex (SLS) differences across sexual orientation and sexes.

Methods
An international online self-selecting cross-sectional drugs survey, the Global Drug Survey 2013 (n = 22,289), was conducted. Respondents were asked about which drugs (including alcohol) they had had sex while on; how frequently they used drugs to enhance sex; and how different drugs changed different aspects of the sexual experience. We report descriptive statistics and test differences between men and women and between different sexual orientations.

Main Outcome Measures
The following outcome measures were recorded: (i) Percentage of each group reporting last-year use of each drug with sex, (ii) Mean subjective rating (–10 to +10) from each group for each drug on each aspect of the sexual experience.

Results
SLS occurred across sexual orientations and in both men and women. All groups reported that alcohol, cannabis, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) were the most while commonly used drugs with sex. Larger proportions of homosexual and bisexual men had sex while on most drugs than heterosexual men (P &lt; .001); and larger proportions of bisexual women had sex while on most drugs than heterosexual women (P &lt; .004). ≥20% of each group reported having used drugs with the intention of enhancing a sexual experience; larger proportions of homosexual and bisexual men reported this behavior than heterosexual men (P &lt; .001). There were clear dissociations between the effects of different drugs on different aspects of the sexual experience; although γ-hydroxybutyric acid/γ-butyrolactone and MDMA were rated consistently highly.

Clinical Implications
Men and women of different sexual orientations must be considered when forming harm reduction and treatment strategies. However, “chemsex” drugs were most commonly used by homosexual men; targeted messages to this group should continue.

Strength & Limitations
Our study is highly novel; no previous study has investigated the combination of sex with this range of drugs. However, our survey is self-selecting, and some groups have a small sample size.

Conclusions
All groups reported SLS to some degree. However, differences in SLS between men and women and sexual orientations were found. Alcohol, cannabis, and MDMA were most commonly used with sex. “Chemsex” drugs were more commonly used by homosexual and bisexual men than heterosexual men.
Evaluating Changes to Prevented Planting Provision on Moral Hazard
Authors: Boyer Christopher N. , Aaron Smith S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevented planting provision in crop insurance protects producers from failure to plant attributable to natural causes. We determined the impact of this provision at various crop insurance coverage levels on prevented planting claims and ex post moral hazard. The moral hazard incentive in the prevented planting provision is stronger for corn than soybeans. Reducing the prevented planting coverage factor for corn could likely reduce moral hazard, but the degree of the reduction will likely depend on the revenue protection coverage level. Conversely, we found moral hazard is unlikely to occur for soybean production regardless of the revenue protection coverage level.
A PARAMETRIC, RESOURCE-BOUNDED GENERALIZATION OF LÖB’S THEOREM, AND A ROBUST COOPERATION CRITERION FOR OPEN-SOURCE GAME THEORY
Authors: CRITCH ANDREW 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article presents two theorems: (1) a generalization of Löb’s Theorem that applies to formal proof systems operating with bounded computational resources, such as formal verification software or theorem provers, and (2) a theorem on the robust cooperation of agents that employ proofs about one another’s source code as unexploitable criteria for cooperation. The latter illustrates a capacity for outperforming classical Nash equilibria and correlated equilibria, attaining mutually cooperative program equilibrium in the Prisoner’s Dilemma while remaining unexploitable, i.e., sometimes achieving the outcome (Cooperate, Cooperate), and never receiving the outcome (Cooperate, Defect) as player 1.
Failure of activation of striatum during the performance of executive function tasks in adult patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Tian Fangfang , Diao Wei , Yang Xun , Wang Xiuli , Roberts Neil , Feng Can , Jia Zhiyun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough numerous studies have used functional neuroimaging to identify executive dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), the findings are not consistent. The aim of this meta-analysis is to identify the most reliable functional anomalies in BD patients during performance of Executive Function (EF) tasks.MethodsA web-based search was performed on publication databases to identify functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of BD patients performing EF tasks and a voxel-based meta-analytic method known as anisotropic Effect Size Signed Differential Mapping (ES-SDM) was used to identify brain regions which showed anomalous activity in BD patients compared with healthy controls (HC).ResultsTwenty datasets consisting of 463 BD patients and 484 HC were included. Compared with HC, BD patients showed significant hypo-activation or failure of activation in the left striatum (p= 0.00007), supplementary motor area (BA 6,p= 0.00037), precentral gyrus (BA 6,p= 0.0014) and cerebellum (BA 37,p= 0.0019), and hyper-activation in the left gyrus rectus (BA 11,p≈ 0) and right middle temporal gyrus (BA 22,p= 0.00031) during performance of EF tasks. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses showed that the anomaly of left striatum is consistent across studies and present in both euthymic and BD I patients.ConclusionsPatients with BD consistently showed abnormal activation in the cortico-striatal system during performance of EF tasks compared with HC. Failure of activation of the striatum may be a reliable marker for impairment in performance of especially inhibition tasks by patients with BD.
Lower [18F]fallypride binding to dopamine D2/3receptors in frontal brain areas in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a positron emission tomography study
Authors: van Duin Esther D. A. , Ceccarini Jenny , Booij Jan , Kasanova Zuzana , Vingerhoets Claudia , van Huijstee Jytte , Heinzel Alexander , Mohammadkhani-Shali Siamak , Winz Oliver , Mottaghy Felix , Myin-Germeys Inez , van Amelsvoort Thérèse 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is caused by a deletion on chromosome 22 locus q11.2. This copy number variant results in haplo-insufficiency of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, and is associated with a significant increase in the risk for developing cognitive impairments and psychosis. The COMT gene encodes an enzyme that primarily modulates clearance of dopamine (DA) from the synaptic cleft, especially in the prefrontal cortical areas. Consequently, extracellular DA levels may be increased in prefrontal brain areas in 22q11DS, which may underlie the well-documented susceptibility for cognitive impairments and psychosis in affected individuals. This study aims to examine DA D2/3receptor binding in frontal brain regions in adults with 22q11DS, as a proxy of frontal DA levels.MethodsThe study was performed in 14 non-psychotic, relatively high functioning adults with 22q11DS and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs), who underwent DA D2/3receptor [18F]fallypride PET imaging. Frontal binding potential (BPND) was used as the main outcome measure.ResultsBPNDwas significantly lower in adults with 22q11DS compared with HCs in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus. After Bonferroni correction significance remained for the anterior cingulate gyrus. There were no between-group differences in BPNDin the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.ConclusionsThis study is the first to demonstrate lower frontal D2/3receptor binding in adults with 22q11DS. It suggests that a 22q11.2 deletion affects frontal dopaminergic neurotransmission.
Definiendo el valor de las tecnologías sanitarias en Latino-América: desarrollo de marcos de valor para informar la priorización de recursos sanitarios
Authors: Pichon-Riviere Andres , Garcia-Marti Sebastian , Oortwijn Wija , Augustovski Federico , Sampietro-Colom Laura 
Published: April 2019

ResumenObjetivosEl reciente desarrollo de marcos de valor responde a una demanda por hacer más explícito e inclusivo el proceso de toma de decisiones sobre asignación de recursos sanitarios. El objetivo del Foro de Políticas en Latino América 2018 de Health Technology Assessment International fue explorar las experiencias internacionales y discutir la potencial aplicación de marcos de valor en la región.MétodosEste manuscrito está basado en un documento base y en las presentaciones y discusiones mantenidas por los miembros del Foro (43 participantes, 12 países) durante el Foro del 2018.ResultadosLos participantes coincidieron en que un proceso de evaluación y toma de decisión basado en marcos de valor más inclusivos y abarcativos podría mejorar la efectividad, eficiencia, sustentabilidad y equidad; promover la transparencia y una evaluación más completa de las tecnologías, mejorar la rendición de cuentas de las decisiones y la participación de actores. Se identificaron como criterios esenciales para ser incluidos en marcos de valor en la región a la carga de enfermedad y severidad de la condición, la efectividad y seguridad de la tecnología, la calidad de la evidencia, la costo-efectividad e impacto presupuestario. Los potenciales desafíos para su implementación identificados incluyeron la escasez de recursos humanos y las demoras en el proceso de evaluación que se podrían producir.ConclusionesLos participantes remarcaron que los próximos pasos deberían ser identificar procesos y metodologías apropiadas, adaptadas al contexto de cada país, para facilitar la aplicación de marcos de valor y mejorar el vínculo entre la evaluación y la toma de decisiones.
Pulmonary hypertension in infancy and childhood
Authors: Gorenflo Matthias , Nelle Mathias , Schnabel Ph. A. , Ullmann Michael V. 
Published: April 2019

In this review, we discuss current concepts in the pathogenesis and management of pulmonary hypertension affecting infants and children, with special focus on left-to-right shunting, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and primary pulmonary hypertension.In patients of these ages, functional aspects, such as an imbalance between vasoconstricting and vasodilating mechanisms, and morphological alterations of the vessel wall, contribute to the pulmonary hypertension. In the past decades, strategies have emerged for treatment that are targeted at the pathophysiological basis. Thus, in patients with left-to-right shunting and pulmonary hypertension after intra-cardiac repair, treatment with nitric oxide has been introduced effectively, while treatment with prostanoids, such as iloprost, is under investigation. In patients with pulmonary hypertension and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, therapeutic strategies focus on the underlying chronic lung disease and use of vasodilators. The pathogenesis of primary pulmonary hypertension in children remains as yet unclear, although treatment with prostanoids has proven effectively to improve the long-term prognosis.
Importance of knowledge in the behavioural treatment of panic disorder
Authors: Grubbs Kathleen M. , Broussard James D. , Hiatt Emily L. , Beason-Smith Melissa A. , Teng Ellen J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground:Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for panic disorder encourages patients to learn about and make changes to thoughts and behaviour patterns that maintain symptoms of the disorder. Instruments to assess whether or not patients understand therapy content do not currently exist.Aims:The aim of this study was to examine if increases within specific knowledge domains of panic disorder were related to improvement in panic symptoms following an intensive 2-day panic treatment.Method:Thirty-nine Veterans enrolled in an intensive weekend panic disorder treatment completed knowledge measures immediately before the first session of therapy and at the end of the last day of therapy. Four panic disorder experts evaluated items and reached consensus on subscales. Subscales were reduced further to create psychometrically sound subscales of catastrophic misinterpretation (CM), behaviours (BE), and self-efficacy (SE). A simple regression analysis was conducted to determine whether increased knowledge predicted symptom change at a 3-month follow-up assessment.Results:The overall knowledge scale was reduced to three subscales BE (n = 7), CM (n = 13) and SE (n = 8) with good internal consistency. Veterans’ knowledge of panic disorder improved from pre- to post-treatment. Greater increase in scores on the knowledge assessment predicted lower panic severity scores at a 3-month follow-up. A follow-up analysis using the three subscales as predictors showed that only changes in CM significantly contributed to the prediction.Conclusions:In an intensive therapy format, reduction in panic severity was related to improved knowledge overall, but particularly as a result of fewer catastrophic misinterpretations.
Neck circumference as an indicator of elevated central adiposity in children
Authors: Valencia-Sosa Evelyn , Chávez-Palencia Clío , Romero-Velarde Enrique , Larrosa-Haro Alfredo , Vásquez-Garibay Edgar Manuel , Ramos-García César Octavio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to study the correlation between neck circumference (NC) and anthropometric adiposity indicators, and to determine cut-off points of NC for both sexes to identify elevated central adiposity in schoolchildren in western Mexico.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRural settings in western México.ParticipantsChildren from a convenience sample of six schools in Acatlán, Jalisco, Mexico (n1802).ResultsNC showed a strong positive correlation with all anthropometric adiposity indicators in both sexes, which were notably higher in boys regardless of age. Noteworthy, waist circumference displayed the highest significant correlation when analysed by both age and sex. As age increased, NC cut-off points to identify elevated central adiposity ranged from 25·7 to 30·1 cm for girls and from 27·5 to 31·7 cm for boys.ConclusionsNC could be used as a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive indicator for central obesity assessment in Mexican schoolchildren.
WNT5A is transported via lipoprotein particles in the cerebrospinal fluid to regulate hindbrain morphogenesis
Authors: Kaiser Karol , Gyllborg Daniel , Procházka Jan , Salašová Alena , Kompaníková Petra , Molina Francisco Lamus , Laguna-Goya Rocio , Radaszkiewicz Tomasz , Harnoš Jakub , Procházková Michaela , Potěšil David , Barker Roger A. , Casado Ángel Gato , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Sedláček Radislav , Arenas Ernest , Villaescusa J. Carlos , Bryja Vítězslav 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWNTs are lipid-modified proteins that control multiple functions in development and disease via short- and long-range signaling. However, it is unclear how these hydrophobic molecules spread over long distances in the mammalian brain. Here we show that WNT5A is produced by the choroid plexus (ChP) of the developing hindbrain, but not the telencephalon, in both mouse and human. Since the ChP produces and secretes the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we examine the presence of WNT5A in the CSF and find that it is associated with lipoprotein particles rather than exosomes. Moreover, since the CSF flows along the apical surface of hindbrain progenitors not expressing Wnt5a, we examined whether deletion of Wnt5a in the ChP controls their function and find that cerebellar morphogenesis is impaired. Our study thus identifies the CSF as a route and lipoprotein particles as a vehicle for long-range transport of biologically active WNT in the central nervous system.
Nitrogen-fixing trees could exacerbate climate change under elevated nitrogen deposition
Authors: Kou-Giesbrecht Sian , Menge Duncan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBiological nitrogen fixation can fuel CO2 sequestration by forests but can also stimulate soil emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Here we use a theoretical model to suggest that symbiotic nitrogen-fixing trees could either mitigate (CO2 sequestration outweighs soil N2O emissions) or exacerbate (vice versa) climate change relative to non-fixing trees, depending on their nitrogen fixation strategy (the degree to which they regulate nitrogen fixation to balance nitrogen supply and demand) and on nitrogen deposition. The model posits that nitrogen-fixing trees could exacerbate climate change globally relative to non-fixing trees by the radiative equivalent of 0.77 Pg C yr−1 under nitrogen deposition rates projected for 2030. This value is highly uncertain, but its magnitude suggests that this subject requires further study and that improving the representation of biological nitrogen fixation in climate models could substantially decrease estimates of the extent to which forests will mitigate climate change.
Design of next-generation ceramic fuel cells and real-time characterization with synchrotron X-ray diffraction computed tomography
Authors: Li Tao , Heenan Thomas M. M. , Rabuni Mohamad F. , Wang Bo , Farandos Nicholas M. , Kelsall Geoff H. , Matras Dorota , Tan Chun , Lu Xuekun , Jacques Simon D. M. , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R. , Di Michiel Marco , Beale Andrew M. , Vamvakeros Antonis , Li Kang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCeramic fuel cells offer a clean and efficient means of producing electricity through a variety of fuels. However, miniaturization of cell dimensions for portable device application remains a challenge, as volumetric power densities generated by readily-available planar/tubular ceramic cells are limited. Here, we demonstrate a concept of ‘micro-monolithic’ ceramic cell design. The mechanical robustness and structural integrity of this design is thoroughly investigated with real-time, synchrotron X-ray diffraction computed tomography, suggesting excellent thermal cycling stability. The successful miniaturization results in an exceptional power density of 1.27 W cm−2 at 800 °C, which is among the highest reported. This holistic design incorporates both mechanical integrity and electrochemical performance, leading to mechanical property enhancement and representing an important step toward commercial development of portable ceramic devices with high volumetric power (>10 W cm−3), fast thermal cycling and marked mechanical reliability.