bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women with Positive First Trimester Thyroid Disease Screening Results
Authors: Dhaifalah Ishraq , Havalova Jana , Langova Dagmar , Adamik Zdenek , Cuckle Howard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to follow up women with positive results on routine antenatal screening for maternal thyroid disease. Between November 2009 and September 2015, women having a first trimester Down’s syndrome screening test were simultaneously screened for thyroid disease; those symptomatic or being investigated for thyroid problems were excluded. A blood sample was tested for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and serum thyroid stimulating hormone, and in the first half of the study also for free thyroxine. Women with at least one analyte outside the range were classified as positive and referred to an endocrinologist for counselling. Among 10,052 women that were screened, 1190 (11.8%) were positive. Follow-up information was sought and this was available on 818 referrals. No further action was recommended in 440 (54%) and after repeat testing in 108 (13%) a total of 204 (25%) were recommended to take thyroxine, one was referred for surgery and propylthiouracil was recommended for five. Screening in the Czech Republic identifies an estimated 3.1% of pregnant women with subclinical thyroid disease.
Erholungsbeeinträchtigungen bei Beschäftigten
Authors: Schulz Anika D. , Wendsche Johannes , Lohmann-Haislah Andrea , Schöllgen Ina 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Das Thema Erholung von der Arbeit gewinnt in der Forschung und in der betrieblichen Praxis zunehmend an Bedeutung. Auftretende Schwierigkeiten, sich zu erholen, können ein frühes Warnsignal für drohende Gesundheitseinschränkungen sein.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Untersuchung gibt einen Überblick über die Verbreitung von Erholungsbeeinträchtigungen bei Beschäftigten in Deutschland. Dabei werden verschiedene Beschäftigungsmerkmale und Berufsgruppen berücksichtigt. Außerdem werden Erholungsprobleme in Verbindung mit gesundheitsbezogenen Aspekten wie Arbeitsfähigkeit, Erschöpfung und depressiven Symptomen betrachtet.

Methodik
Es wurden repräsentative Daten von 4201 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten in Deutschland aus der ersten Erhebungswelle der Studie Mentale Gesundheit bei der Arbeit (S-MGA) ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass 13 % der Befragten in ihrer Erholung beeinträchtigt sind. Personen mit einer hohen Anzahl an Wochenarbeitsstunden, ungeregelten Arbeitszeiten und/oder befristeten Verträgen sind anteilig am meisten von Erholungsproblemen betroffen. Erholungsschwierigkeiten treten prozentual am häufigsten bei Führungskräften und Beschäftigten mit Interaktionsarbeit auf. Mit steigendem Grad der Erholungsbeeinträchtigungen nimmt auch gleichzeitig der jeweilige Anteil an Beschäftigten mit Erschöpfung, depressiven Symptomen sowie verminderter Arbeitsfähigkeit zu.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse liefern Anhaltspunkte zur Identifikation beruflicher Risikogruppen für potenzielle Erholungsprobleme. Diese können mit reduzierter Arbeitsfähigkeit und eingeschränkter mentaler Gesundheit einhergehen. Im Rahmen der Gefährdungsbeurteilung sollten folglich auch die Erholungsbedingungen während und nach der Arbeit in den Blick genommen werden.
Disclosure as a tool for enhancing consumer engagement and competition
Authors: FLETCHER AMELIA 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFinding ways to get consumers engaged in markets is a major current topic of debate. This article examines why consumer engagement is so important in driving effective competition in markets. It then considers some key categories of intervention that can enhance consumer engagement, and in particular the various roles that disclosure can play. Recent examples are provided from the UK, where many such engagement measures have been implemented. The article emphasizes the importance, when policy-makers are designing such interventions, of understanding how real consumers truly behave. It also highlights the relevance to competitive outcomes of two further concepts: relative salience and relative consumer engagement. Finally, the article draws on both the successes and the failures of past interventions to identify some lessons for policy-makers when stepping into this area.
Classification of bloodstream infections in patients recently discharged from acute-care facilities: Hospital acquired or healthcare-associated community onset?
Authors: Khatib Riad , Sharma Mamta , Fakih Mohamad G. , Riederer Kathleen M. , Johnson Leonard B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLaboratory-identified bloodstream infections (LAB-ID BSIs) in recently discharged patients are likely to be classified as healthcare-associated community-onset (HCA-CO) infections, even though they may represent hospital-onset (HO) infections. A review of LAB-ID BSIs among patients discharged within 14 days revealed that 109 of 756 cases (14.4%) were HO infections. The BSI risk being misclassified as HCA CO may underestimate the hospital infection risk.
Breakup and non-coalescence mechanism of aqueous droplets suspended in castor oil under electric field
Authors: Roy Subhankar , Anand Vikky , Thaokar Rochish M. 
Published: September 2019

The effect of an electric field on the coalescence of two water droplets suspended in an insulating oil (castor oil) in the non-coalescence regime is investigated. Unlike the immediate breakup of the bridge, as reported in earlier studies, e.g. Ristenpart et al. (Nature, vol. 461 (7262), 2009, pp. 377–380), the non-coalescence observed in our experiments indicate that at strong fields the droplets exhibit a tendency to coalesce, the intervening bridge thickens whereafter the bridge dramatically begins to thin, initiating non-coalescence. Numerical simulations using the boundary integral method are able to explain the physical mechanism of thickening of this bridge followed by thinning and non-coalescence. The underlying reason is the competing meridional and azimuthal curvatures which affect the pressure inside the bridge to become either positive or negative under the effect of electric field induced Maxwell stresses. Velocity and pressure profiles confirm this hypothesis and we are able to predict this behaviour of transitory coalescence followed by non-coalescence.
A motivational approach to emotional labor: Examining the link between goal orientation and emotional labor strategies
Authors: Esmaeilikia Mahsa , Groth Markus 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDrawing on goal orientation theory, in this study, we examine how an individual's motivational approach relates to the use of two common emotional labor strategies: surface acting and deep acting. In addition, we examine the role of self-efficacy as a mediating mechanism through which different goal orientations are related to different emotional labor strategies. To test our hypotheses, 262 U.S. full-time working adults from a variety of service occupations were surveyed. Consistent with the predictions of goal orientation theory, our results show that learning-oriented service employees tend to use deep acting, while performance-oriented service employees use both emotional labor strategies. Our findings also show that emotional labor self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between motivational approach and emotional labor strategy use.
Training and maintaining autonomy-supportive supervisory style in low-skilled occupations
Authors: Yong Amy , Roche Maree , Sutton Anna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAccording to self-determination theory, employees' well-being is related to the autonomy-supportive style of a supervisor. However, the effect of supervision style on well-being remains understudied in low-skilled occupations. This study employed a mixed-method, multi-level approach to examine the impact of autonomy-supportive training (AST) on supervisors and employees and to identify factors contributing to the maintenance of supervisors' autonomy support (SAS). The quantitative phase evaluated the effect of AST on supervisory style and employees' well-being, with a sample of 44 supervisors and 240 employees in New Zealand. The qualitative phase used focus groups and interview with 15 supervisors to explore factors that could influence the maintenance of SAS. Overall, supervisors can be trained to adopt an autonomy-supportive style, but these skills can also be diluted by organisational factors such as pressures and managerial behaviour. This study contributes to autonomy-supportive style research in order to account for factors affecting the maintenance of SAS in low-skilled occupations.
Media with reputational concerns: yes men or watchdogs?
Authors: Sheen Greg Chih-Hsin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDuring the political process, the electorate needs to determine the competence of the government by both observing its policy decisions and acquiring information from the media. However, media reports are often criticized for not being independent and truthful. This paper discusses whether the public can determine the quality of a government from media reports. In other words, are media outlets more likely to act as watchdogs or just as “yes men” to the government? This paper argues that, because of reputational concerns, the media usually avoid criticizing the government. The media only report truthfully when the expected competence of the government is sufficiently low and the probability for the voter to learn from other information sources is sufficiently high. Otherwise, media outlets—especially low-quality outlets—will pander to the government in their reporting. Policy bias or media capture is not required for the yes-man problem to prevail.
Counter-Theatre during the 1797 Fleet Mutinies
Authors: Easton Callum 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the spring of 1797, when French invasion appeared likely, the Spithead and Nore mutinies successively immobilized the two Royal Navy fleets responsible for home defence. The Spithead mutineers gained more pay and greater food rations for all Royal Navy sailors, and a general pardon for themselves. The Nore mutiny ended in collapse, courts martial, and the execution of approximately twenty-eight prominent mutineers. In their scale and potential danger, these fleet mutinies rank among the most serious manifestations of collective resistance in eighteenth-century Britain. In complexity, they far exceeded single-ship mutinies like theBountyorHermione. The mutineers deliberately subverted symbols of the legitimate rule of officers and deployed them in support of their own rival regime. “Counter-theatre” allowed the mutineer leaders to perpetuate their rule with minimal recourse to coercion by combining familiar symbols of naval order, new mutineer power structures, and sailors’ traditions of resistance. As such, the mutinies speak to wider literatures: to histories of the age of revolutions, to the revolutionary Atlantic, and to histories of popular protest and resistance.
Vietnamese ethnic minority students’ language practices under the influence of external interventions: A management perspective
Authors: Nguyen Trang Thi Thuy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article examines Vietnamese ethnic minority students’ language practices under the influence of external interventions from a language management perspective. It focuses on the ways the students engage with various levels of interventions in their language practices. The study mainly draws on a group of college-age minority students’ experiences and perspectives collected through semistructured interviews. Findings suggest that the students, in making decisions to use their ethnic language and Vietnamese, the mainstream language,respondedto interventions by the school and the ethnic community by adapting to the latter's language policy, whilereinterpretingto conform to/deviate from interventions by other individuals such as their parents, their teachers, or their peers. In that process of managing their language practices, theyreframedtheir identity in which both maintenance and transformation orientations were active. Implications related to minority language policy and language maintenance are then suggested. (Language management, individual language management, language practices, language choice, language policy, language maintenance, ethnic minority)*
Carneades: The One and Only
Authors: Fleischer Kilian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Academic scholarch Carneades of Cyrene withdrew from active lecturing several years before his death. He handed the Academy over – either formally or informally – to a successor, who remained in charge for six years (137/6–131/0 BC) and passed away in Carneades’ own lifetime. Philodemus reports this episode three times in the Index Academicorum. Since 1869 scholars have never questioned the notion that Carneades’ lifetime-successor was a namesake: Carneades, son of Polemarchus (also called Carneades the younger). Now, new readings of several lines in all three passages reveal that the name of Carneades’ successor was actually Polemarchus of Nicomedia – a man skilled in dialectical methods. There never was a second Academic named Carneades.
Evaluation of the ‘Unforgettable’ art programme by people with dementia and their care-givers
Authors: Hendriks Iris , Meiland Franka J. M. , Gerritsen Debby L. , Dröes Rose-Marie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractArt programmes have been shown to contribute to the quality of life of people with dementia. To understand how people with dementia benefit from art programmes it is important to evaluate them. ‘Unforgettable’ is an interactive museum programme for people with dementia and their care-givers in the Netherlands. This study examined how it is experienced and appreciated by its users. It also investigated whether the user experience and appreciation are linked to their specific background characteristics. In a single-group design, we used a ‘take-home’ survey to collect the participants’ background characteristics and their experience and appreciation of the programme. A before and after intervention measurement took place, using a smiley face scale, to measure the change in mood of participants. Participants evaluated the programme very positively. Social interaction proved a key factor in their appreciation. The mood of the persons with dementia (N = 95) and care-givers (N = 104) improved after participation in the ‘Unforgettable’ programme. The results of this evaluation may contribute to the quality of art programmes in museums.
Gifts as governance: Church Welfare and the Samaritan's dilemma
Authors: Goodman Nathan P. , Herzberg Roberta Q. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHow do gifts relate to formal and informal institutions? Giving gifts, especially in the form of anti-poverty aid, opens the givers to a serious social dilemma: the Samaritan's dilemma. We explain how the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints uses a mixture of formal and informal governance to provide sustainable social welfare programs that avoid this dilemma. These institutions not only govern aid arrangements, but also provide governance across the entire Church community, encouraging religious adherence and broad-based participation.
Genetically engineered T cells for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Li Dan , Li Xue , Zhou Wei-Lin , Huang Yong , Liang Xiao , Jiang Lin , Yang Xiao , Sun Jie , Li Zonghai , Han Wei-Dong , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractT cells in the immune system protect the human body from infection by pathogens and clear mutant cells through specific recognition by T cell receptors (TCRs). Cancer immunotherapy, by relying on this basic recognition method, boosts the antitumor efficacy of T cells by unleashing the inhibition of immune checkpoints and expands adaptive immunity by facilitating the adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T cells. T cells genetically equipped with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or TCRs have shown remarkable effectiveness in treating some hematological malignancies, although the efficacy of engineered T cells in treating solid tumors is far from satisfactory. In this review, we summarize the development of genetically engineered T cells, outline the most recent studies investigating genetically engineered T cells for cancer immunotherapy, and discuss strategies for improving the performance of these T cells in fighting cancers.
The emerging interface of mass spectrometry with materials
Authors: Chakraborty Papri , Pradeep Thalappil 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS), a hundred-year-old subject, has been a technique of profound importance to molecular science. Its impact in solid-state materials science has not been evident, although many materials of modern science, such as fullerenes, have their origins in MS. Of late, mass spectrometric interface with materials is increasingly strengthened with advances in atomically precise clusters of noble metals. Advances in instrumentation along with recent developments in synthetic approaches have expanded the chemistry of clusters, and new insights into matter at the nanoscale are emerging. High-resolution MS coupled with soft ionization techniques enable efficient characterization of atomically precise clusters. Apart from that, techniques such as ion mobility, tandem MS, etc. reveal structural details of these systems. Growth, nucleation, and reactivity of clusters are also probed by MS. Some of the recent advancements in this field include the development of new hyphenated techniques. Finer structural details may be obtained by coupling MS with spectroscopic tools, such as photoelectron spectroscopy, vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy, etc. With such advancements in instrumentation, MS can evolve into a universal tool for the characterization of materials. The present review captures highlights of this area.
TRIM66 reads unmodified H3R2K4 and H3K56ac to respond to DNA damage in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Chen Jiajing , Wang Zikang , Guo Xudong , Li Fudong , Wei Qingtao , Chen Xuwen , Gong Deshun , Xu Yanxin , Chen Wen , Liu Yongrui , Kang Jiuhong , Shi Yunyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecognition of specific chromatin modifications by distinct structural domains within “reader” proteins plays a critical role in the maintenance of genomic stability. However, the specific mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. Here we report that the PHD-Bromo tandem domain of tripartite motif-containing 66 (TRIM66) recognizes the unmodified H3R2-H3K4 and acetylated H3K56. The aberrant deletion of Trim66 results in severe DNA damage and genomic instability in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Moreover, we find that the recognition of histone modification by TRIM66 is critical for DNA damage repair (DDR) in ESCs. TRIM66 recruits Sirt6 to deacetylate H3K56ac, negatively regulating the level of H3K56ac and facilitating the initiation of DDR. Importantly, Trim66-deficient blastocysts also exhibit higher levels of H3K56ac and DNA damage. Collectively, the present findings indicate the vital role of TRIM66 in DDR in ESCs, establishing the relationship between histone readers and maintenance of genomic stability.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions of Amazon hydropower with strategic dam planning
Authors: Almeida Rafael M. , Shi Qinru , Gomes-Selman Jonathan M. , Wu Xiaojian , Xue Yexiang , Angarita Hector , Barros Nathan , Forsberg Bruce R. , García-Villacorta Roosevelt , Hamilton Stephen K. , Melack John M. , Montoya Mariana , Perez Guillaume , Sethi Suresh A. , Gomes Carla P. , Flecker Alexander S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHundreds of dams have been proposed throughout the Amazon basin, one of the world’s largest untapped hydropower frontiers. While hydropower is a potentially clean source of renewable energy, some projects produce high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit electricity generated (carbon intensity). Here we show how carbon intensities of proposed Amazon upland dams (median = 39 kg CO2eq MWh−1, 100-year horizon) are often comparable with solar and wind energy, whereas some lowland dams (median = 133 kg CO2eq MWh−1) may exceed carbon intensities of fossil-fuel power plants. Based on 158 existing and 351 proposed dams, we present a multi-objective optimization framework showing that low-carbon expansion of Amazon hydropower relies on strategic planning, which is generally linked to placing dams in higher elevations and smaller streams. Ultimately, basin-scale dam planning that considers GHG emissions along with social and ecological externalities will be decisive for sustainable energy development where new hydropower is contemplated.
Harnessing calcineurin-FK506-FKBP12 crystal structures from invasive fungal pathogens to develop antifungal agents
Authors: Juvvadi Praveen R. , Fox David , Bobay Benjamin G. , Hoy Michael J. , Gobeil Sophie M. C. , Venters Ronald A. , Chang Zanetta , Lin Jackie J. , Averette Anna Floyd , Cole D. Christopher , Barrington Blake C. , Wheaton Joshua D. , Ciofani Maria , Trzoss Michael , Li Xiaoming , Lee Soo Chan , Chen Ying-Lien , Mutz Mitchell , Spicer Leonard D. , Schumacher Maria A. , Heitman Joseph , Steinbach William J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCalcineurin is important for fungal virulence and a potential antifungal target, but compounds targeting calcineurin, such as FK506, are immunosuppressive. Here we report the crystal structures of calcineurin catalytic (CnA) and regulatory (CnB) subunits complexed with FK506 and the FK506-binding protein (FKBP12) from human fungal pathogens (Aspergillus fumigatus,Candida albicans,Cryptococcus neoformansandCoccidioides immitis). Fungal calcineurin complexes are similar to the mammalian complex, but comparison of fungal and human FKBP12 (hFKBP12) reveals conformational differences in the 40s and 80s loops. NMR analysis, molecular dynamic simulations, and mutations of theA. fumigatusCnA/CnB-FK506-FKBP12-complex identify a Phe88 residue, not conserved in hFKBP12, as critical for binding and inhibition of fungal calcineurin. These differences enable us to develop a less immunosuppressive FK506 analog, APX879, with an acetohydrazine substitution of the C22-carbonyl of FK506. APX879 exhibits reduced immunosuppressive activity and retains broad-spectrum antifungal activity and efficacy in a murine model of invasive fungal infection.
Genome-wide identification of DNA methylation QTLs in whole blood highlights pathways for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Huan Tianxiao , Joehanes Roby , Song Ci , Peng Fen , Guo Yichen , Mendelson Michael , Yao Chen , Liu Chunyu , Ma Jiantao , Richard Melissa , Agha Golareh , Guan Weihua , Almli Lynn M. , Conneely Karen N. , Keefe Joshua , Hwang Shih-Jen , Johnson Andrew D. , Fornage Myriam , Liang Liming , Levy Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIdentifying methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) and integrating them with disease-associated variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may illuminate functional mechanisms underlying genetic variant-disease associations. Here, we perform GWAS of >415 thousand CpG methylation sites in whole blood from 4170 individuals and map 4.7 million cis- and 630 thousand trans-meQTL variants targeting >120 thousand CpGs. Independent replication is performed in 1347 participants from two studies. By linking cis-meQTL variants with GWAS results for cardiovascular disease (CVD) traits, we identify 92 putatively causal CpGs for CVD traits by Mendelian randomization analysis. Further integrating gene expression data reveals evidence of cis CpG-transcript pairs causally linked to CVD. In addition, we identify 22 trans-meQTL hotspots each targeting more than 30 CpGs and find that trans-meQTL hotspots appear to act in cis on expression of nearby transcriptional regulatory genes. Our findings provide a powerful meQTL resource and shed light on DNA methylation involvement in human diseases.