bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LUCAS Versus Manual Chest Compression During Ambulance Transport: A Hemodynamic Study in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Magliocca Aurora , Olivari Davide , De Giorgio Daria , Zani Davide , Manfredi Martina , Boccardo Antonio , Cucino Alberto , Sala Giulia , Babini Giovanni , Ruggeri Laura , Novelli Deborah , Skrifvars Markus B , Hardig Bjarne Madsen , Pravettoni Davide , Staszewsky Lidia , Latini Roberto , Belloli Angelo , Ristagno Giuseppe 
Published: December 2018

Background
Mechanical chest compression (CC) is currently suggested to deliver sustained high‐quality CC in a moving ambulance. This study compared the hemodynamic support provided by a mechanical piston device or manual CC during ambulance transport in a porcine model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Methods and Results

In a simulated urban ambulance transport, 16 pigs in cardiac arrest were randomized to 18 minutes of mechanical CC with the LUCAS (n=8) or manual CC (n=8). ECG, arterial and right atrial pressure, together with end‐tidal CO
2
and transthoracic impedance curve were continuously recorded. Arterial lactate was assessed during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and after resuscitation. During the initial 3 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the ambulance was stationary, while then proceeded along a predefined itinerary. When the ambulance was stationary, CC‐generated hemodynamics were equivalent in the 2 groups. However, during ambulance transport, arterial and coronary perfusion pressure, and end‐tidal CO
2
were significantly higher with mechanical CC compared with manual CC (coronary perfusion pressure: 43±4 versus 18±4 mmHg; end‐tidal CO
2
: 31±2 versus 19±2 mmHg,
P
<0.01 at 18 minutes). During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, arterial lactate was lower with mechanical CC compared with manual CC (6.6±0.4 versus 8.2±0.5 mmol/L,
P
<0.01). During transport, mechanical CC showed greater constancy compared with the manual CC, as represented by a higher CC fraction and a lower transthoracic impedance curve variability (
P
<0.01). All animals in the mechanical CC group and 6 (75%) in the manual one were successfully resuscitated.

Conclusions
This model adds evidence in favor of the use of mechanical devices to provide ongoing high‐quality CC and tissue perfusion during ambulance transport.
Death From Stroke in End-Stage Kidney Disease
Authors: De La Mata Nicole L. , Masson Philip , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , Kelly Patrick J. , Webster Angela C. 
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose—
People with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at greater risk of stroke. We aimed to compare stroke mortality between the ESKD population and the general population.

Methods—
We included all patients with incident ESKD in Australia, 1980 to 2013, and New Zealand, 1988 to 2012. The primary cause of death was ascertained using data linkage with national death registers. We produced standardized mortality ratios for stroke deaths, by age, sex, and calendar year.

Results—
We included 60 823 patients with ESKD, where 941 stroke deaths occurred during 381 874 person-years. Patients with ESKD had >3× the stroke deaths compared with the general population (standardized mortality ratio, 3.4; 95% CI, 3.2–3.6), markedly higher in younger people and women. The greatest excess was in intracerebral hemorrhages (standardized mortality ratio, 5.2; 95% CI, 4.5–5.9). Excess stroke deaths in patients with ESKD decreased over time, although were still double in 2013 (2013 standardized mortality ratio, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.5–2.9).

Conclusions—
People with ESKD experience much greater stroke mortality with the greatest difference for women and younger people. However, mortality has improved over time.
Nonparametric Bayesian Semi-supervised Word Segmentation
Authors: Fujii Ryo , Domoto Ryo , Mochihashi Daichi 
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a novel hybrid generative/discriminative model of word segmentation based on nonparametric Bayesian methods. Unlike ordinary discriminative word segmentation which relies only on labeled data, our semi-supervised model also leverages a huge amounts of unlabeled text to automatically learn new “words”, and further constrains them by using a labeled data to segment non-standard texts such as those found in social networking services. Specifically, our hybrid model combines a discriminative classifier (CRF; Lafferty et al. (2001) and unsupervised word segmentation (NPYLM; Mochihashi et al. (2009)), with a transparent exchange of information between these two model structures within the semi-supervised framework (JESS-CM; Suzuki and Isozaki (2008)). We confirmed that it can appropriately segment non-standard texts like those in Twitter and Weibo and has nearly state-of-the-art accuracy on standard datasets in Japanese, Chinese, and Thai.
Building a State-of-the-Art Grammatical Error Correction System
Authors: Rozovskaya Alla , Roth Dan 
Published: December 2018

This paper identifies and examines the key principles underlying building a state-of-the-art grammatical error correction system. We do this by analyzing the Illinois system that placed first among seventeen teams in the recent CoNLL-2013 shared task on grammatical error correction. The system focuses on five different types of errors common among non-native English writers. We describe four design principles that are relevant for correcting all of these errors, analyze the system along these dimensions, and show how each of these dimensions contributes to the performance.
Cardiac tamponade and graft versus host disease: one more reason to remember
Authors: Vetrugno Luigi , Tomasino Serana , Battezzi Alessandra , Parisella Laura , Bernardinetti Mattia , Bove Tiziana 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: In patients with cutaneous graft versus host disease (GvHD) that is resistant to traditional steroid therapy, imatinib is a first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor that seems to be a viable option. However, its antifibrotic activity can be associated with serosal inflammation and fluid retention. Methods: We report a case of an adult patient who, after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, developed a GvHD treated with imatinib at low dosage, followed by multiorgan failure. Clinical examination and cardiac ultrasound were unable to clearly recognize the low cardiac output state; laboratory analysis, filling pressure, and computed tomography examination clarified the correct diagnosis. Results: Low cardiac output state, secondary to pericardial effusion, is a diagnostic challenge. However, the association of four elements can help in its early recognition: increase in lactate levels and central venous pressure, associated with a low central venous saturation and a low brain natriuretic peptide level. Conclusions: Pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade is a difficult diagnosis even with ultrasound. Lactate levels, central venous pressure plus venous saturation, and brain natriuretic peptide could help in early detection.
Negative prompts aimed at maintaining eating independence
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Gonella Silvia , Kasa Tea , Caruzzo Davide , Hayter Mark , Watson Roger 
Published: December 2018

Background: Psychological abuse of older people is difficult to recognise; specifically, nursing home residents have been documented to be at higher risk of psychological abuse during daily care, such as during feeding. Healthcare professionals adopt positive and negative verbal prompts to maintain residents’ eating independence; however, negative prompts’ purposes and implications have never been discussed to date. Research aims: To critically analyse negative verbal prompts given during mealtimes as forms of abuse of older individuals and violation of ethical principles. Research design: This is a secondary analysis of three cases of negative prompts that emerged in a large descriptive study based upon focus group methodology and involving 13 nursing homes and 54 healthcare professionals. Participants and research context: This study included 3 out of 13 nursing homes caring for residents with moderate/severe functional dependence in self-feeding mainly due to dementia; in these nursing homes, we conducted three focus groups and 13 healthcare professionals participated. Ethical considerations: This study was conducted in accordance with the Human Subject Research Ethics Committee guidelines after being approved by the Review Board of the Trust. Findings: With the intent of maintaining self-feeding independence, negative verbal prompts have been reported as being used by nursing home teams. By critically analysing these negative prompts, it turned out they could trigger intimidation, depression and anxiety and thus could be considered as forms of abuse; moreover, negative prompts can threaten the ethical principles of (1) autonomy using a paternalist approach, (2) beneficence and non-maleficence as with the intent to act in the best interests of residents (to maintain self-feeding independence) they are harmed in their dignity and (3) justice, given that residents who received negative prompts are treated differently from those who received positive prompts. Discussion: Eating should be a pleasant experience with a positive impact on physiological, psychological and social well-being. However, negative prompting can lead to abuse and violation of basic ethical principles, destroying the healthcare professional resident and relative relationships strongly dependent on trust. Conclusion: Negative verbal prompting must be avoided.
Mid-term results with a neck-preserving femoral stem for total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Rinaldi Giampaolo , Capitani Dario , Maspero Fabio , Scita Valentina 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: This prospective study aims to evaluate the mid-term clinical and radiological performance of a new short, neck-preserving femoral stem in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients and methods: 178 consecutive patients (190 hips) underwent THA from November 2008 to July 2016. Mean follow-up is 62.4 months. Women make up 41% of the cohort at a mean age of 50 ± 4 years, with primary hip osteoarthritis as the main complaint. All patients underwent radiological evaluation using the modified Gruen method, and clinical assessment via the Harris Hip Score (HHS), preoperatively and at 1, 6, 12, 24, 60, 80 and 106 months post-op. Results: A mean HHS increase (from 50 ± 12 points preoperatively to 96 ± 4 at 62 months), together with painless articular improvement, was present at 6 months postoperatively indicating early functional recovery. Effective osteointegration and primary stability were present on radiographic analysis, without evidence of stress shielding or stem mal-positioning: subsidence amounting to <1 mm was present in 40% of implants immediately after surgery, with subsequent stabilisation within 6 months in all cases. Metaphyseal trabecular re-orientation in absence of symptomatic cortical hypertrophy or progressive radiolucency indicates physiological load transfer in the proximal femur. Stem-related revision surgery was necessary for 1.05% of all implants due to fracture and infection. No loosening, dislocations or mechanical failures were reported. Conclusions: All patients show excellent functional recovery and clinical outcomes at 62 months, demonstrating the role optimal primary stability and physiological joint reconstruction play in ensuring stable secondary fixation and long-term survival of a short, neck-preserving stem.
Suprascapular Nerve Blockade for Postoperative Pain Control After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kay Jeffrey , Memon Muzammil , Hu Thomas , Simunovic Nicole , Duong Andrew , Paul James , Athwal George , Ayeni Olufemi R. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Regional nerve blocks are commonly used to manage postoperative pain after arthroscopic shoulder procedures. The interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) is commonly used; however, because of the reported side effects of ISB, the use of a suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) has been described as an alternative strategy with fewer reported side effects. Purpose: To examine the efficacy of SSNB for pain control after shoulder arthroscopy compared with ISB as well as anesthesia without a nerve block. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Three databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE) were searched on April 20, 2018, to systematically identify and screen the literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A meta-analysis of standard mean differences (SMDs) was performed to pool the estimated effects of the nerve blocks. Results: The search identified 14 RCTs that included 1382 patients, with a mean age of 54 years (SD, 13 years). The mean follow-up time was 3 days (range, 24 hours to 6 weeks). Postoperative pain control was significantly more effective in the SSNB groups compared with the control groups within 1 hour (SMD, –0.76; 95% CI, –1.45 to –0.07; P = .03) and 4 to 6 hours (SMD, –0.81; 95% CI, –1.53 to –0.09; P = .03) postoperatively. However, pain control was significantly less effective in the SSNB groups compared with ISB within 1 hour (SMD, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.28 to 1.46; P = .004). No major complications were noted in the SSNB groups, and minor complications such as hoarseness and prolonged motor block were significantly less common for SSNB compared with ISB. Conclusion: Although not more efficacious than ISB in terms of pain control for patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy, SSNB provides significantly improved pain control in comparison with analgesia without a nerve block. Moreover, few major and minor complications are associated with SSNB reported across the literature.
Arthroscopic treatment of septic arthritis in adults
Authors: Magi Gonzalo J. , Carucci Juan Pablo , Bergués Sebastián 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Septic arthritis of the hip (SAH) is a serious condition. Prompt diagnosis and management are essential to avoid functional impairments and life-threatening complications.The many treatments advocated to date include repeated non-operative needle aspiration, open surgical synovectomy, and arthroscopic management by joint lavage with or without synovec-tomy. The indications of arthroscopic treatment in septic arthritis of native joints remain ill-defined. Objective: Describe clinical results, complicactions and recurrence rate of arthroscopic treatment of SAH. Methods: We included all adult patients treated with arthroscopy for SAH between March 2010 and March 2017. Patients with less than a year of follow up and previous surgery on the hip were excluded. We performed arthroscopic debridement and lavage of the joint according to Byrd´s technique followed by antiobiotic treatment. We registered modified Harris hip score (MHHS), Hip outcome score activity of daily living (EHOSDL), patients satisfaction, recurrence rate and complications. Results: Four patients were included, two women and two men. Average follow up was 2 years (range 1-3 years). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 3 cases and Staphylococcus epidermidis in the remaining. MMHS improved from preoperative average score of 48 to postoperative average of 90. Average EHOSDL improvement was 40% (from 35% preoperative to 75% postoperative). All patients had excellent results. All patients were satisfied with the treatment. We had no recurrence or complications. Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment of SAH in adults allowed us to obtain very good clinical results with no complications or recurrences with a minimum 1 year follow up.
Clinical outcomes and return to sport after repeat-revision ACL reconstruction: 2-year minimum follow-up
Authors: Costa-Paz Matías , Zícaro Juan Pablo , Gorodischer Tomas , Garcia-Mansilla Ignacio , Yacuzzi Carlos 
Published: December 2018

Objectives Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is one of the most common procedures performed by orthopaedic surgeons to date. As the number of ACL reconstructions continues to increase, revision and multiple revision scenarios will become more frequent. The purpose of our study was to retrospectively analyze functional outcomes, return-to-sports and concomitant procedures in a series of patients who had undergone repeat revision surgery. Methods We retrospectively evaluated a consecutive series of patients operated between 2011 and 2016 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Surgical procedure, type of graft and fixation were recorded. IKDC evaluation, Lysholm score, KOOS score, Tegner scale, return-to-sports and a radiographic evaluation were performed. Results Seven patients were included for analysis with an average age at the second revision of 34 years (range 22-49). The contralateral knee was intact in 5 cases while in the remaining 2 an ACLR had been performed. The average follow-up was 35 months (SD 17; median 27 [IQR 24-39 months]). The graft used for ACLR was: 1 ipsilateral BTB autograft and 6 allografts. In three cases, an associated lateral extra-articular procedure was performed. Three (43%) patients had a meniscal tear; two required partial meniscectomy and 1 was sutured. Three (43%) patients had grade III chondral lesion and we performed microfracture. All patients had a side-to-side difference of less than 5 mm in the arthrometric evaluation and none had residual rotational laxity. The median pre and postoperative IKDC score was 60 (IQR 45-68) and 89 (IQR, 65-94) respectively (p 0.021). The median pre and postoperative Lysholm score was 69 (IQR, 55-80) and 91 (IQR, 86-100) respectively (p 0.S007). The median postoperative KOOS score was: Pain 93, Symptoms 94, ADL 100, Sports 90, QOL 56. Three (43%) patients returned to their previous sports activity level at final follow-up. Three switched to a less demanding activity, whereas 1 discontinued contact sports. No significant osteoarthritic changes were observed. The mean posterior tibial slope was 8° (SD 2.7; median 7 [IQR 10-6]). Conclusion Repeat revision ACLR was effective in restoring knee stability and improving functional outcomes in our patients when compared to their preoperative state. However, only 43% returned to their pre-injury level of sports activity.
Perovskite Oxide Catalysts for Liquid-Phase Organic Reactions
Authors: Kamata Keigo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The catalytic function of perovskite oxides has received significant attention because of their structural flexibility and controllable physicochemical properties. In contrast to their catalytic application to gas-phase high-temperature, electrochemical, and photocatalytic reactions, liquid-phase organic reactions with perovskite oxide-based catalysts are still underexplored. Numerous nanosized and porous perovskite oxide catalysts have been synthesized by co-precipitation, sol-gel, solution combustion, and soft/hard templating methods, and these catalyst systems are effective for various types of liquid-phase organic reactions that have been classified into three main groups: (a) cross-coupling reactions, (b) acid/base-catalyzed reactions, and (c) selective oxidation reactions. This review article focuses on the relationships among the structures, the physicochemical properties, and the unique catalytic properties of perovskites in liquid-phase according to groups (a)–(c). In addition, the reaction mechanisms, kinetics, spectroscopy, catalyst stability/recyclability, and heterogeneous nature are comprehensively summarized for some catalytic systems.
Self-Assembling Peptides as Building Blocks of Functional Materials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Fukunaga Kazuto , Tsutsumi Hiroshi , Mihara Hisakazu 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Self-assembling peptides have been explored as building blocks to construct functional materials that can be used in a broad range of biomedical applications. This account gives an overview of the materials built from biomolecules and summarizes the cell culture and drug delivery applications of nanofibrous and hydrogel materials formed via self-assembly of peptides. The design flexibility of materials composed of calcium ion-responsive peptides, which offer a wide range of applications from cell culture scaffolds to drug releasing devices, is highlighted.
Geographical distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and genetic diversity of invading population of Ae. albopictus in the Republic of the Congo
Authors: Kamgang Basile , Wilson-Bahun Theodel A. , Irving Helen , Kusimo Michael O. , Lenga Arsene , Wondji Charles S. 
Published: December 2018

Background:The arbovirus vector,Aedes albopictus,originating from Asia, has recently invaded African countries, including the Republic of the Congo, where it was associated with a chikungunya outbreak. Up until now, little was known about its distribution in relation to the nativeAedes aegyptiand how the invasion will modify the epidemiology of arboviral diseases. Here, we assessed the current distribution ofAe. albopictusandAe. aegyptiin the Republic of the Congo and explored the genetic diversity of the invading species,Ae. albopictus.Methods:Immature stages ofAedeswere collected in nine locations in the Republic of the Congo in 2017 following a north-south transect and reared to adult stage. Adults were morphologically identified, counted and grouped according to species and location. Genetic diversity ofAe. albopictuswas assessed by analyzing the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene.Results:Ae.albopictusandAe. aegyptiwere found together across the country in all the locations investigated. The invasive species is predominant over the native species in all locations except Brazzaville, suggesting thatAe. albopictusis displacingAe. aegyptiacross Congo. When comparing the species distributions across the two largest cities, Brazzaville and Pointe Noire,Ae. albopictuswas more prevalent thanAe. aegyptiin the suburbs whereas the opposite situation was reported in the city centre. Mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed very low genetic diversity ofAe. albopictuswith only three haplotypes recorded across the country supporting the recent introduction of this species in the Republic of the Congo. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed thatAe. albopictusfrom Congo originated from other tropical Asian countries such as China, likely as a result of increasing trade links.Conclusion:These findings are important for the implementation of vector control strategies and can serve as a foundation for further research on these vectors in the country.