bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Methanol as a Fuel Energy from CO2 Present in Polluted Seawater - A Photocatalytic Outlook
Authors: Kavil Yasar N , Shaban Yasser A , Orif Mohammad I , Al-Farawati Radwan , Zobidi Mousa , Khan Sahed U M 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The production of methanol by photocatalytic reduction of the CO2 present in the different polluted seawater systems was explored using P–25, C/TiO2, and Cu-C/TiO2 under both UV and sunlight. Both C/TiO2 and Cu-C/TiO2 were synthesized by the sonicated sol-gel method. The prepared photocatalyst demonstrated maximum efficiency when the dosage of photocatalysts was 1g/L and the doping level was 3wt% of copper. The maximum methanol yields of two observed polluted seawater systems were 2910 μmol/g and 2250 μmol/g after 5 hour illumination of UV light. However, the 5 hour natural sunlight illumination generated the yield of 990 μmol/g and 910 μmol/g of methanol. The observed results demonstrated that band gap narrowing of the photocatalyst by carbon modification and the restriction of electron-hole pair combination by copper doping both greatly enhanced the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol under both UV and natural sunlight.
Chemistry: The Driving Force for Emerging Technologies
Authors: Droescher Michael 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In June 2017, the World Economic Forum published their choice of the top 10 emerging technologies of 2017 [1]. As a chemist who has spent his life in basic and applied research and also many years in innovation and foresight activities, I wanted to know how much chemistry is needed in the future. My first reading of the paper surprised me and made me wonder. Why is chemistry only mentioned once, and then only as an application? So I looked deeper for chemical contributions in the various technologies, and will report in detail here what I found. Direct quotes from the original article [1] are indicated by quotation marks. Illustrations from the original article are used with permission from the World Economic Forum.
Preprints and Scholarly Communication in Chemistry: A look at ChemRxiv
Authors: Lawlor Bonnie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In August 2016, the American Chemical Society (ACS) announced its plans to develop a chemistry preprint service, and that it was seeking collaborators as well as input from all stakeholders to ensure that the service met the needs of the chemical community [1]. A year later, nearly to the day, on 14 August 2017, the ACS and its collaborative partners, the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) and the German Chemical Society (GDCh), launched the beta version of ChemRxiv (pronounced ‘chem-archive’), as a non-profit, free service for chemists around the globe. All three partners are supplying financial support. But why chemistry and why now, more than a quarter of a century after the first preprint server, arXiv, was launched to serve the fields of physics, mathematics, astronomy, and computer science? (Coincidentally, arXiv was also launched on August 14th) [2]. To answer these questions, I spoke with Dr. Darla Henderson, ACS’ Assistant Director of Open Access Programs, who brought me up-to-date on the status of ChemRxiv as it approached its first birthday.
A corpus-based study of the Chinese synonymous approximativesshangxia, qianhouandzuoyou
Authors: Wu Shuqiong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Chinese antonymous compoundsshangxia‘up-down’,qianhou‘front-back’ andzuoyou‘left-right’ can convey similar meanings as approximatives, indicating ‘about’ or ‘around’. Based on data from the CCL (Centre for Chinese Linguistics) corpus and adopting a behavioral profile (BP) approach, this study investigates the semantic and usage differences between the three approximatives. The corpus analysis yields the following findings. First, the most frequently used of the three approximatives iszuoyou, followed byqianhouandshangxia, in that order. Second,qianhoumainly approximates time;zuoyouapproximates quantity; andshangxia, age. Third, in approximating age, time and quantity, the three approximatives exhibit subtle behavioral preferences. Based on these corpus findings, I discuss the motivations underlying the similarities and differences between the three synonyms. I argue that their similarities are explained by the metaphor QUANTIFICATION IS SPACE and their differences are explained by the different kinds of quantification they are used to approximate.
This is not the same: the ambiguity of a Gothic adjective
Authors: Ratkus Artūras 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn line with the traditional pronouncement that the weak (definite) forms of adjectives in Germanic follow the definite determiner, the Gothic weak-only adjectivesama‘the same’ (no indefinite form *sams, with the strong inflection-s, occurs) is determined (sa sama‘the same’) in the majority of its attestations. However, contrary to the traditional description, occasionally it also occurs on its own, without a determiner. An examination of the syntactic distribution of the adjective and a comparison of the Gothic translation of the Bible with the Greek and Latin texts uncover a double semantic nature ofsama. Specifically, when determined,samaconveys a definite/particularising force of ‘the same’. In the absence of the determiner, however, it conveys the semantic value of ‘one; of one kind’. The results of this investigation contribute to our understanding of the conditions that govern the distribution of strong vs. weak adjective inflections in early Germanic. In particular, they confirm the contention that the occurrence of the weak form of the adjective is not simply a matter of whether or not a definite determiner precedes it. Instead, the definite value of the adjective inflection is realised cumulatively (periphrastically), via the co-occurrence of the definite determiner and the weak adjective inflection.
Characterization of Non-Target-Site Mechanisms in Imidazolinone-Resistant Sunflower by RNA-seq
Authors: Gil Mercedes , Vega Tatiana , Felitti Silvina , Picardi Liliana , Balzergue Sandrine , Nestares Graciela 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImisun sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) are imidazolinone-resistant cultivars in which the two mechanisms of herbicide resistance coexist: (i) mutation in herbicide target-site (target-site resistance) and (ii) non-target-site resistance (NTSR). In Imisun technology, NTSR could be related to herbicide metabolism and might occur as a result of a constitutive up-regulation of resistance genes, or it can appear only after herbicide treatment. The objective of this study was to characterize NTSR in Imisun sunflower in response to imazethapyr using RNA-Seq and to determine whether these mechanisms are constitutive or herbicide-induced. Cypsels were germinated in plastic pots, watered by capillarity and growth in chamber under controlled conditions. Seven-day-old plants were treated with 0 (control) and 1 μM imazethapyr for 12 h. After leaf RNA purification, stranded, paired-end cDNA libraries were constructed. Sequencing was performed with Illumina HiSeq2000. Local mapping, with and without multihits, was carried out over the reference transcriptome HaT13l and differential expression was analysed. Sixty one and 47 contigs (according to mapping strategy) related to xenobiotic metabolism were found: cytochromes P450s, ABC transporters, glycosyltransferases, UDPglucuronosyl/glucosyltransferases and glutathione S-transferases. None of these contigs showed differential expression between control and imazethapyr-treated plants. Seventeen interesting contigs were verified by qRT-PCR. These results suggest that constitutive NTSR mechanisms may account for imidazolinone resistance in Imisun sunflower.
Optimal Scheduling and Economic Analysis of Hybrid Electric Vehicles in a Microgrid
Authors: Savari George Fernandez , Krishnasamy Vijayakumar , Guerrero Josep M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A projected high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the electricity market will introduce an additional load in the grid. The foremost concern of EV owners is to reduce charging expenditure during real-time pricing. This paper presents an optimal charging schedule of the electric vehicle with the objective to minimize the charging cost and charging time. The allocation of EVs should satisfy constraints related to charging stations (CSs) status. The results obtained are compared with the two conventional algorithms and other charging algorithms: Arrival time-based priority algorithm (ATP) and SOC based priority algorithm (SPB), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA). Also, the CS is powered by the main grid and the microgrid available in the CSs. The EVs charging schedule and the economic analysis is done for two cases: (i) With Grid only (ii) With Combined Grid & microgrid. The load shifting of EVs is done based on the grid pricing and the results obtained are compared with the other cases mentioned.
Detection of iron and iron-cobalt labeled cellulose nanofibrils using ICP-OES and XµCT
Authors: Turpeinen Tuomas , Lappalainen Timo , Kenttä Eija , Torvinen Katariina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
When studying the properties of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) enriched fiber products, it is essential to be able to determine the retention and the spatial distribution of the CNF inside the end-product. That is, to determine how much and where the CNF has been attached. As the CNF and cellulose fibers share the same density and chemical composition, labeling of the CNF is required to distinguish them from each other. In this work, we have applied iron and iron-cobalt -labeling. Labeling with iron is more desirable because of the carcinogenic and toxic properties of cobalt chloride. The benefits of our labeling method are the possibility to determine the retention of the labeled nanocellulose using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and to define the spatial distribution using X-ray micro-computed tomographic (XμCT). With XμCT we were able to measure fairly large samples (2 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm). Our study found that the retention of iron-labeled CNF was about 95 % and that of iron-cobalt labeled CNF was 84–94 %. Labeling of CNF improves the contrast of X-ray images. Labeled CNF is attached to fiber network also in the inner structures of the sample. Furthermore, when making thick porous structures using cationic starch, there might be agglomerates in the sample that cannot be visually detected by looking the sample.
Effect of nanoparticles on the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases
Authors: Matysiak-Kucharek Magdalena , Czajka Magdalena , Sawicki Krzysztof , Kruszewski Marcin , Kapka-Skrzypczak Lucyna 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Matrix metallopeptidases, commonly known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are a group of proteolytic enzymes whose main function is the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Changes in the activity of these enzymes are observed in many pathological states, including cancer metastases. An increasing body of evidence indicates that nanoparticles (NPs) can lead to the deregulation of MMP expression and/or activity both in vitro and in vivo. In this work, we summarized the current state of knowledge on the impact of NPs on MMPs. The literature analysis showed that the impact of NPs on MMP expression and/or activity is inconclusive. NPs exhibit both stimulating and inhibitory effects, which might be dependent on multiple factors, such as NP size and coating or a cellular model used in the research.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: The technique and its applications in soft matter
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Sankaran Jagadish , Wohland Thorsten 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a well-established single-molecule method used for the quantitative spatiotemporal analysis of dynamic processes in a wide range of samples. It possesses single-molecule sensitivity but provides ensemble averaged molecular parameters such as mobility, concentration, chemical reaction kinetics, photophysical properties and interaction properties. These parameters have been utilized to characterize a variety of soft matter systems. This review provides an overview of the basic principles of various FCS modalities, their instrumentation, data analysis, and the applications of FCS to soft matter systems.
Organophosphorus-selenium/tellurium reagents: from synthesis to applications
Authors: Hua Guoxiong , Woollins J. Derek 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Organic selenium- and tellurium-phosphorus compounds have found wide application as reagents in synthetic inorganic and organic chemistry, such as oxygen/chalcogen exchange, oxidation/reduction, nucleophilic/electrophilic substitution, nucleophilic addition, free radical addition, Diels–Alder reaction, cycloadditions, coordination, and so on. This chapter covers the main classes of phosphorus-selenium/tellurium reagents, including binary phosphorus-selenium/tellurium species, organophosphorus(III)-selenium/tellurium compounds, phosphorus(V)-selenides/tellurides, diselenophosphinates/ditellurophopshinates, diselenaphosphetane diselenides, Woollins’ reagent, phosphorus-selenium/tellurium amides, and imides. Given the huge amount of literature up to mid-2017, this overview is inevitably selective and will focus particularly on their synthesis, reactivity, and applications in synthetic and coordination chemistry.
Effects of Brittleness on Crack Behaviors in Rock-Like Materials
Authors: Zhou X. P. , Bi J. , Deng R. S. , Li B. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The principal objective of this work is to understand the effects of brittleness on crack behaviors in rock, rock-like materials, and the underlying fracturing mechanisms. Brittleness, as one of the critical parameters of rock, significantly affects mechanical properties and fracturing behaviors. A better understanding of the effects of the brittleness on fracturing behaviors can lead to a more satisfactory characterization and assessment of the overall behaviors and performances of rock mass. In this study, experiments on rock-like materials with two parallel preexisting flaws are conducted to study the effects of brittleness, as well as the mechanical properties, crack initiation modes, crack coalescence types, and ultimate failure modes, on cracking behaviors of rock-like materials. We find that the content of the adhesive material’s polyamide and epoxy have a significant effect on the brittleness of rock-like materials that consist of sand, barite, epoxy, polyamide, and alcohol at different mass ratios. The brittleness of specimens decreases with increasing content of the cementing agents epoxy and polyamide. Seven types of crack initiation—wing crack, antiwing crack, coplanar secondary crack, oblique secondary crack, out-of-plane tensile crack, out-of-plane shear crack, and far-field crack—are observed in high-speed images of the ultimate failure crack morphology. Four types of crack coalescence are also identified: tension coalescence mode, shear coalescence mode, and the mixed mode including tension-shear coalescence mode and tension-shear-tension coalescence mode. A primary observation was that the ultimate failure mode is a transition from tension failure mode to tension-shear failure mode and shear failure mode, in sequence, and the rupture angle increases gradually with decreasing brittleness. Finally, the effects of the brittleness on the mechanical properties of rock-like materials, including the complete axial stress-strain curves, crack initiation stress ratio, and residual stress, are investigated in detail.
Effect of Rubber Incorporation on the Behavior of Pavement Cemented Mixtures under Cyclic Flexural Loading: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Farhan Ahmed Hilal , Dawson Andrew Robert , Thom Nicholas Howard 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of replacing natural aggregate with crumb rubber on the behavior of cement-stabilized crushed aggregate mixtures subjected to cyclic flexural loading. This behavior is evaluated in terms of fatigue life and resilient flexural modulus. The damage to the modified mixtures was also examined utilizing permanent deformation accumulation and degradation of resilient flexural modulus during a fatigue test. To ensure the same packing of aggregate mixture, the natural aggregate was replaced by waste tire rubber particles of similar gradation. Four volumetric replacement percentages (0 %, 15 %, 30 %, and 45 %) of the 6-mm fraction size were utilized. The results revealed that the inclusion of rubber improves the fatigue life of cement-stabilized aggregate mixtures and reduces the resilient flexural modulus. Damage investigation showed that the rubber has little effect on the degradability of the modulus during fatigue. However, more permanent deformation was accumulated after modification with crumb rubber. It was observed that the applied stress ratio affected the different phases of permanent deformation accumulation. It is suggested that the mechanism of fatigue improvement of rubberized mixtures occurs by delaying crack propagation and absorbing the energy during the microcracking stage.
Influence of the Load and Time Conditions on the Results of the Static Plate Load Test
Authors: Mackiewicz Piotr , Krawczyk Bartłomiej 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this article, the authors analyzed the influence of the loading time, magnitude, and loading approach (loading device type and weight) on the vertical displacements registered in the pavement subgrade static plate load test. The three-dimensional finite element method computational model was developed. Conducted numerical analyses were verified in field tests. Three layer systems of different stiffnesses were examined. The visco-plastic behavior of the subgrade was taken into account in the numerical computations as well as the reach and superposition of the deflection (displacements) basins at different loading configurations (loading device type and weight). Essential discrepancies in both the field measurement results and computation results were observed for different loading times and approaches at the same loading level of the plate. The ambiguity of the pavement subgrade static plate load test results interpretation due to different load-time test conditions was explained.
A Gene Expression Screen inDrosophila melanogasterIdentifies Novel JAK/STAT and EGFR Targets During Oogenesis
Authors: Wittes Julia , Schüpbach Trudi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways are conserved regulators of tissue patterning, morphogenesis, and other cell biological processes. During Drosophila oogenesis, these pathways determine the fates of epithelial follicle cells (FCs). JAK/STAT and EGFR together specify a population of cells called the posterior follicle cells (PFCs), which signal to the oocyte to establish the embryonic axes. In this study, whole genome expression analysis was performed to identify genes activated by JAK/STAT and/or EGFR. We observed that 317 genes were transcriptionally upregulated in egg chambers with ectopic JAK/STAT and EGFR activity in the FCs. The list was enriched for genes encoding extracellular matrix (ECM) components and ECM-associated proteins. We tested 69 candidates for a role in axis establishment using RNAi knockdown in the FCs. We report that the signaling protein Semaphorin 1b becomes enriched in the PFCs in response to JAK/STAT and EGFR. We also identified ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif A (AdamTS-A) as a novel target of JAK/STAT in the FCs that regulates egg chamber shape. AdamTS-A mRNA becomes enriched at the anterior and posterior poles of the egg chamber at stages 6 to 7 and is regulated by JAK/STAT. Altering AdamTS-A expression in the poles or middle of the egg chamber produces rounder egg chambers. We propose that AdamTS-A regulates egg shape by remodeling the basement membrane.
Increasing Immunization Rates in Infants with Severe Chronic Lung Disease: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Milet Beatriz , Chuo John , Nilan Kathleen , Warren Karen , McKenna Kristin , Carroll Jean M. , Evans Jacquelyn , Zhang Huayan 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES:
Immunizations provide important protection from serious childhood illnesses. Infant chronic lung disease (CLD) is a serious complication of prematurity and predisposes premature infants to respiratory morbidity, rehospitalization, and mortality. This high-risk group is especially vulnerable to infections, such as invasive pneumococcal disease, influenza, and bronchiolitis. Our purpose for this project was to increase 2-, 4-, and 6-month immunization rates in eligible infants with CLD in the NICU by 30% through December 2016.

METHODS:
A multidisciplinary team developed weekly targeted rounds to identify eligible patients with outstanding immunizations. Exclusion criteria included the following: (1) a fraction of inspired oxygen requirement of &gt;80%, (2) pulmonary hypertensive crisis, (3) positive blood culture results or if within 48 hours of a sepsis evaluation, (4) if within 5 days of a surgical or interventional procedure, (5) receiving steroid treatment (not including a physiologic hydrocortisone dose for adrenal insufficiency), (6) a CLD team consensus of contraindication, and (7) parental refusal.

RESULTS:
The project managed 60 patients from March 2016 to December 2016. Immunization of eligible patients increased from 44% to 75% and was sustained for the next 6 months. The average number of days from admission to immunization record review decreased from 71 days at baseline to 27 days.

CONCLUSIONS:
The implementation of (1) an in-hospital immunization record review, (2) an e-mail reminder, (3) a weekly multidisciplinary eligibility discussion, and (4) an updated rounding tool was successful in increasing and sustaining immunization rates in this population of infants with CLD. The multidisciplinary CLD meeting was a novel opportunity to discuss immunization eligibility and safety monitoring.
Pediatric Readiness in the Emergency Department
Authors: Remick Katherine , Gausche-Hill Marianne , Joseph Madeline M. , Brown Kathleen , Snow Sally K. , Wright Joseph L. ,   AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Section on Surgery,   AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee,   EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION Pediatric Committee
Published: November 2018

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed January 2024.
This is a revision of the previous joint Policy Statement titled “Guidelines for Care of Children in the Emergency Department.” Children have unique physical and psychosocial needs that are heightened in the setting of serious or life-threatening emergencies. The majority of children who are ill and injured are brought to community hospital emergency departments (EDs) by virtue of proximity. It is therefore imperative that all EDs have the appropriate resources (medications, equipment, policies, and education) and capable staff to provide effective emergency care for children. In this Policy Statement, we outline the resources necessary for EDs to stand ready to care for children of all ages. These recommendations are consistent with the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (now called the National Academy of Medicine) in its report “The Future of Emergency Care in the US Health System.” Although resources within emergency and trauma care systems vary locally, regionally, and nationally, it is essential that ED staff, administrators, and medical directors seek to meet or exceed these recommendations to ensure that high-quality emergency care is available for all children. These updated recommendations are intended to serve as a resource for clinical and administrative leadership in EDs as they strive to improve their readiness for children of all ages.