bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of using a kaleidoscope projector and matching cards on fear and vital signs in children aged 3–6 years receiving inhaled medication
Authors: Korkmaz Burcu , Karakul Atiye , Sönmez Düzkaya Duygu 
Published: December 2024

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of projector kaleidoscope and matching card on children's fear and physiological parameters in children aged 3–6 years receiving inhaled medication.MethodsThis randomised controlled study was conducted with the guidelines of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). The sample of children was allocated to the projector kaleidoscope group (n = 38), matching card group (n = 38) and control group (n = 38). Fear and vital signs were measured.ResultsIn the study, the mean age of the children in the projector kaleidoscope group was 4.39 ± 1.10, the mean age of the children in the matching card group was 4.34 ± 0.96 and the mean age of the children in the control group was 4.28 ± 1.18. There was a statistically significant difference between the post‐test scores of the Children's Fear Scale in the evaluation of parents and nurses according to the groups of children. There was a statistically significant difference between the respiratory post‐test scores according to the groups of children. It was observed that the mean heart rate of the control group participants was higher than that of the children in the matching card group. There were no statistically significant differences in the post‐test saturation values among the groups of children.ConclusionIt was observed that the projector kaleidoscope and matching card reduced fear and prevented increased respiratory rate in children receiving inhaler medication. In addition, it was determined that matching card had more effect on heart and respiratory rate than projector kaleidoscope.
Physiological responses of the alien macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae (Phaeophyceae, Heterokontophyta) to changes in nutrients and temperature
Authors: Bonomi‐Barufi José , Figueroa Félix L. , Vega Julia , Huesa Rubén , Harb Talissa B. , Avilés Antonio , Mercado Jesús M. , Korbee Nathalie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Asian brown macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae has invaded the oligotrophic areas of Mediterranean coasts since 2015, with drastic impacts on environmental conditions and socioeconomic activities in coastal areas in Europe. Therefore, it is intriguing how this species is able to grow and expand at the observed rates. In this context, the physiological responses of R. okamurae to changing nutrient concentrations and temperature were analyzed. Two experiments were conducted, evaluating six combinations of nitrate and phosphate concentrations and their potential interaction with temperature. Nutrient uptake efficiency (NUE) and rates (NUR), photosynthetic responses, growth rates, and biomass composition were evaluated. Photosynthesis parameters, soluble proteins, and ‐NUR increased with increasing N:P ratio; however, ‐NUR was very similar in all treatments. The species showed high capacity for nitrate assimilation, which was rapidly modulated by its external concentration and temperature (more than 90% of NO3‐NUE after 5 days in treatments with N:P rations of 5, 10, 16, 25, and 40 N to 1 P). Consequently, N‐nutrients were removed from the water by R. okamurae and likely stored inside the cells. This process will allow the alga to maintain high growth rates if thalli are moved to oligotrophic areas, favoring its spreading to many marine environments. Additionally, fucoxanthin was the predominant carotenoid in this species, although its content was lower than in other brown macroalgae species (mean value of 0.51 ± 0.05 mg · g−1 DW). However, since a huge amount of R. okamurae is observed recurrently on beaches, the use of this biomass might be proposed to compensate partially for its impacts.
Key Decision‐Making in Post‐Failed Internal Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fractures Hip Arthroplasty: A Multicenter Retrospective Study on Fracture Healing's Impact on Femoral Component Selection
Authors: Huang Jiexin , Huang Jiagu , Ding Haiqi , Lyu Jianhua , Huang Changyu , Chen Yang , Wang Qijin , Li Hongyan , Wu Baijian , Huang Ying , Yang Minghui , Fang Xinyu , Zhang Wenming 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeFollowing failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures (FIF‐ITF), the decision to use a long‐stem or standard‐stem femoral implant in hip arthroplasty is still debated. This study aimed to explore how the healing status of fractures after FIF‐ITF failure affects the choice of femoral stem and clinical outcomes.MethodsOur retrospective cohort study reviewed 105 cases of patients with FIF‐ITF who underwent hip arthroplasty at three tertiary Grade A hospitals between December 2012 and December 2022. We compared the clinical outcomes between patients with healed and unhealed fractures, focusing on the selection of femoral stems in relation to proximal medial support and the healing status of the greater trochanter. The primary outcomes measured were functional results, operative time, blood loss, and incidence of complications. A subgroup analysis was conducted to further evaluate the influence of the proximal medial buttress and greater trochanteric healing on femoral stem selection. Statistical analysis included binary and ordinal logistic regression to identify factors influencing the choice of femoral stems. Additionally, a decision tree model was developed to visually represent and explore the relationship between fracture healing status and the selection of femoral components.ResultsThe study included 38 patients with healed fractures and 67 patients with unhealed fractures. Patients in the healed group predominantly chose standard stems and experienced better functional outcomes (p < 0.001, p = 0.002). In contrast, the unhealed group preferred long stems, resulting in longer surgical durations and increased blood loss (p = 0.008, p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that nonunion of the proximal femoral medial buttress was an independent risk factor for long stems (p < 0.0001, OR = 10.402).ConclusionThe selection of femoral prostheses following FIF‐ITF is influenced by the fracture healing status, particularly the presence of proximal femoral medial buttress. The decision tree model suggested that long‐stem prostheses are more appropriate when there is inadequate fracture healing and the proximal femoral medial buttress is absent.
Natural pigments derived from plants and microorganisms: classification, biosynthesis, and applications
Authors: Tang Qian , Li Zhibo , Chen Ningxin , Luo Xiaozhou , Zhao Qiao 
Published: December 2024

SummaryPigments, as coloured secondary metabolites, endow the world with a rich palette of colours. They primarily originate from plants and microorganisms and play crucial roles in their survival and adaptation processes. In this article, we categorize pigments based on their chemical structure into flavonoids, carotenoids, pyrroles, quinones, azaphilones, melanins, betalains, flavins, and others. We further meticulously describe the colours, sources, and biosynthetic pathways, including key enzymatic steps and regulatory networks that control pigment production, in both plants and microorganisms. In particular, we highlight the role of transport proteins and transcription factors in fine‐tuning these pathways. Finally, we introduce the use of pigments in practical production and research, aiming to provide new insights and directions for the application of coloured compounds in diverse fields, such as agriculture, industry, and medicine.
Soil health improvements under cover crops are associated with enhanced soil content of cytokinins
Authors: Perera I. , Kisiala A. , Thompson K. A. , Emery R. J. N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Cytokinins (CKs) are phytohormones produced by plants and other soil life. including bacteria, fungi, insects, and earthworms. These organisms can release CKs to the soil, which may have positive implications for soil health and plant growth. However, no studies have examined phytohormones as soil health indicators.

In custom‐designed rhizo‐pots that separated rhizosphere and bulk soils, the cover crops tillage radish and cereal rye were used to manipulate soil health parameters: soil pH, soil organic matter, soil active carbon, soil microbial community diversity, and extracellular enzyme activities involved in C, N and P cycling. Data were compared to impacts of cover crops on CKs that were purified from the complex soil and measured with HPLC‐HRMS/MS.

From soil we detected free base‐CKs (trans‐zeatin (tZ), isopentenyladenine (iP)), riboside‐CKs (RB‐CKs), cis‐zeatin riboside (cZR), isopentenyladenosine (iPR) and four methylthiolated CKs: 2‐methylthio‐zeatin (2MeSZ), 2‐methylthio‐zeatin ribosides (2MeSZR), 2‐methylthio‐isopentenyladenine (2MeSiP), and 2‐methylthio‐isopentenyladenine riboside (2MeSiPR). These CK levels were significantly enhanced in cover cropped soil compared to uncultivated soil, and reflect a positive relationship between soil CK profiles and other soil health parameters – notably, between total CK and active C levels and soil microbial community diversity.

This is the first detailed soil CK analysis and assessment of its potential use as a novel, reliable, short‐term soil health parameter. The increased CK concentrations in cover cropped soils likely reflects the activity levels of soil life (plants, microbes, animals) and provides a rationale to use CKs as tools to evaluate soil health as influenced by agricultural management strategies.
Iron metabolism acts as a bridge between photosynthesis and red coloration of bud galls induced on Nothofagus obliqua (Nothofagaceae)
Authors: Arriola Ígor Abba , Guedes Lubia Maria , Moreira Ana Silvia Franco Pinheiro , Aguilera Narciso , dos Santos Isaias Rosy Mary , Oliveira Denis Coelho de 
Published: December 2024

AbstractColor and morphology are some of the most intriguing traits of plant galls, whose patterns resemble fruits and flowers. Many hypotheses were proposed to explain the involvement of anthocyanin accumulation with the development of red gall hues, whose mechanisms seem idiosyncratic. Anthocyanins are related to photoprotective strategies in green tissues and metal accumulation in some flowers. Despite that, the combination of such physiological phenomena has been neglected for galls, which are photosynthetic neoplasms genetically similar to reproductive organs. Here, we integrated different perspectives by measuring photosynthetic pigment and anthocyanin concentration combined with fluorescence quenching analysis, antioxidant activity assays, and histochemical elemental mapping in red and green galls induced by Espinosa nothofagi (Hymenoptera) on Nothofagus obliqua (Nothofagaceae). We found no relationship between high anthocyanin concentrations, light exposure, and red coloration in galls as anthocyanin concentrations were higher in the outermost tissues of green galls than in red galls. Red galls presented higher concentrations of total chlorophyll and lower carotenoid concentrations than green galls and leaves, which correlated with their highest photosynthetic activity and iron accumulation. The red color coincides with the accumulation of aluminum and Fe3+ and the lowest antioxidant capacity in the gall outer tissue. The high antioxidant capacity of N. obliqua galls and the Fe2+ and Fe3+ distribution are related to high photosynthesis, Fe‐use efficiency in galls, and the supply of Fe to the inducer diet. Overall, iron metabolism connects the high photosynthesis activity to the red gall color in the presence of low anthocyanin concentrations, like some flowers.
Interactive effects of Orobanche latisquama parasitism and drought stress in Salvia rosmarinus plants growing under Mediterranean field conditions
Authors: Jené Laia , Massó‐Rodríguez Marcel , Munné‐Bosch Sergi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMediterranean‐type ecosystems are recognized as critical hotspots for both biodiversity and climate change. Within these environments, plants often interact with diverse species, including holoparasitic plants, while simultaneously facing increasing episodes of precipitation shortages and rising temperatures. Here, we investigated the impact of Orobanche latisquama Reut. ex Boiss infestation on the Mediterranean shrub Salvia rosmarinus (L.) Spenn (rosemary) across three populations along an altitudinal gradient, focusing on its effects on host tolerance and resilience to severe summer drought in its natural habitat. Results showed no major physiological impact of the parasite on the host during spring but revealed an enhanced photo‐ and antioxidant‐protective response during the summer drought in rosemary plants infested with O. latisquama. Infested plants showed elevated contents of α‐tocopherol and a shift in the ascorbate ratio towards its oxidized state during the summer, particularly in upper and sun‐exposed leaves. This was accompanied by elevated malondialdehyde content, indicating enhanced lipid peroxidation. However, despite the heightened photo‐oxidative stress observed in leaves from infested plants, no damage to photosystem II was observed, indicating a good tolerance of rosemary to the interaction between parasitism and drought. By autumn, all plants displayed similar recovery patterns, and the differences between infested and non‐infested plants disappeared, thus indicating a high resilience to the combination of these biotic and abiotic stresses. Overall, these findings underscore the great adaptive mechanisms S. rosmarinus plants have evolved to endure severe summer drought, even when challenged by holoparasitic plant infestation, and provide new insights into plant‐parasite interactions in Mediterranean‐type ecosystems.
A New Perspective on Pig Genetics and Breeding: microRNA
Authors: Xiang Wei , Yang Fan , Pu Xiufen , Zhao Shuang , Wang Pingqing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTmicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small non‐coding RNA molecules that are widely expressed in organisms and play an important role in the regulation of gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. In recent years, researchers have begun to explore its effects on the development of domestic animals and have begun to think about its potential role in modern molecular breeding. Increasing evidence shows that miRNA play a central role in the regulation of pig fertility, pork product quality and disease resistance. Understanding the physiological mechanism of miRNA will be able to better guide future breeding work. In this paper, we will review the research progress of the function and mechanism of miRNA in combination with the above economic characteristics of pigs. The reported miRNA and their target genes were sorted out to evaluate their potential role in improving economic traits such as pig fertility, meat quality and disease resistance, to provide a reference for modern pig molecular breeding.
Elucidation of the late steps in the glycan‐dependent ERAD of soluble misfolded glycoproteins
Authors: Schoberer Jennifer , Vavra Ulrike , Shin Yun‐Ji , Grünwald‐Gruber Clemens , Strasser Richard 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) utilizes ER‐associated degradation (ERAD), a highly conserved eukaryotic pathway, to eliminate misfolded or unassembled proteins and maintain protein homeostasis in cells. The clearance of misfolded glycoproteins involves several distinct steps, including the recognition of a specific glycan signal, retrotranslocation to the cytosol, and subsequent degradation of the misfolded protein by the ubiquitin proteasome system. Confocal microscopy was used to track the fate of a well‐characterized ERAD substrate via a self‐complementing split fluorescent protein assay. The results demonstrate that a misfolded variant of the STRUBBELIG (SUB) extracellular protein domain (SUBEX‐C57Y) is retrotranslocated to the cytosol when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells. Retrotranslocation requires a protein domain with a lesion that is exposed in the lumen of the ER, N‐glycan trimming by α‐mannosidases, HRD1‐mediated ubiquitination, and the ATPase function of CDC48. The retrotranslocated SUBEX‐C57Y ERAD substrate undergoes deglycosylation, and proteasomal degradation is blocked by a catalytically inactive cytosolic peptide N‐glycanase. These findings define distinct aspects of ERAD that have been elusive until now and may represent the default pathway for degrading misfolded glycoproteins in plants.
Screening of pregnant women for foetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: A cost–utility analysis
Authors: de Vos Thijs W. , Tersteeg Ilonka , Lopriore Enrico , Oepkes Dick , Porcelijn Leendert , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Verweij E. Joanne T. , Winkelhorst Dian , de Haas Masja , van den Akker‐van Marle M. Elske 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFoetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) results from maternal platelet‐directed antibodies and can result in severe intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in foetuses and newborns. Screening for human platelet antigen‐1a (HPA‐1a)‐directed antibodies during pregnancy could allow timely intervention with antenatal treatment and prevent ICH. We assessed the cost effectiveness of HPA‐1a typing and anti‐HPA‐1a‐screening as part of the prenatal screening programme.Materials and MethodsDifferent HPA‐1a screening scenarios were tested in a decision analysis model and assessed for diagnostic, treatment, intervention and lifetime costs and prevention effects compared to the current situation without screening in the Netherlands. Model parameters were based on available data, literature and expert opinions. One‐way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed.ResultsAdding screening for anti‐HPA‐1a antibodies to the current antenatal screening programme of the Netherlands will lead to an additional cost of €4.7 million per year and a gain of 226 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) per year, indicating an incremental cost–effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €20,782 per QALY gained. One‐way sensitivity analysis showed that the uncertainty around the incidence of ICH, lifetime costs of disabled children and the probability of having antibody quantitation >3.0 IU/mL at 20 weeks had the highest effect on the ICER.ConclusionAntenatal anti‐HPA‐1a screening might be cost effective. To obtain more knowledge and thereby to improve risk stratification, a pilot screening programme is warranted.
The Wound Reporting in Animal and Human Preclinical Studies (WRAHPS) Guidelines
Authors: Ojeh Nkemcho , Vecin Nicole M. , Pastar Irena , Volk Susan W. , Wilgus Traci , Griffiths Sarah , Ramey‐Ward Allison N. , Driver Vickie R. , DiPietro Luisa A. , Gould Lisa J. , Tomic‐Canic Marjana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPreclinical studies for wound healing disorders are an essential step in translating discoveries into therapies. Also, they are an integral component of initial safety screening and gaining mechanistic insights using an in vivo approach. Given the complexity of the wound healing process, existing guidelines for animal testing do not capture key information due to the inevitable variability in experimental design. Variations in study interpretation are increased by complexities associated with wound aetiology, wounding procedure, multiple treatment conditions, wound assessment, and analysis, as well as lack of acknowledgement of limitation of the model used. Yet, no standards exist to guide reporting crucial experimental information required to interpret results in translational studies of wound healing. Consistency in reporting allows transparency, comparative, and meta‐analysis studies and avoids repetition and redundancy. Therefore, there is a critical and unmet need to standardise reporting for preclinical wound studies. To aid in reporting experimental conditions, The Wound Reporting in Animal and Human Preclinical Studies (WRAHPS) Guidelines have now been created by the authors working with the Wound Care Collaborative Community (WCCC) GAPS group to provide a checklist and reporting template for the most frequently used preclinical models in support of development for human clinical trials for wound healing disorders. It is anticipated that the WRAHPS Guidelines will standardise comprehensive methods for reporting in scientific manuscripts and the wound healing field overall. This article is not intended to address regulatory requirements but is intended to provide general guidelines on important scientific considerations for such studies.
Experimental Performance Analysis of Solar Air Heater With Innovative Perforated Semi-Conical Ribs
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Kumar Rajeev , Pandey Arun Kumar , Thakur Deep Singh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the performance of two solar air heater designs, S1-SAH and S2-SAH, through experimental analysis of temperature, energy gain and loss, efficiency, and Thermal-Hydraulic Performance Parameter (THPP) across mass flow rates ranging from 0.013 to 0.061 kg/s in hot climatic conditions of R.E.C Banda. The S2-SAH consistently outperformed the conventional S1-SAH, achieving a maximum energy efficiency of 79.3% at 0.051 kg/s and a peak exergy efficiency of 4.5% at 0.013 kg/s. Additionally, the highest THPP of 2.0 was recorded at 0.051 kg/s. The results highlight the superior performance and enhanced efficiency of the S2-SAH, showcasing the effectiveness of its design for improved heat transfer.