bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social climate on tobacco control in an advanced tobacco control country
Authors: Ruokolainen Otto , Ollila Hanna , Patja Kristiina , Borodulin Katja , Laatikainen Tiina , Korhonen Tellervo 
Published: April 2018

Aims: Finland has implemented a gradually tightening tobacco control policy for decades. Recently the objective of a tobacco-free Finland was introduced. Still, the population’s acceptance of tobacco control policy has not been measured. More knowledge is needed on differences in attitudes and factors associated with tobacco control opinions for future policy-making. Methods: A population-based study with quantitative analysis. Attitudes on smoking and tobacco control policy were assessed within the National FINRISK 2012 Study in Finland involving 25–74-year-old adults ( N = 4905). In analyses, smoking status groups were compared. Results: In general, attitudes differed systematically by smoking status. Differences increased or decreased when moving from never smokers to other smoking groups. Similarities in attitudes were found particularly on youth smoking, while differences between smoking groups were notable on statements regarding smoking on balconies and availability of tobacco products. The adjusted analysis showed that smoking status was most strongly associated with attitudes on different tobacco control policy measures. Daily smokers viewed stricter tobacco control policy and workplace smoking bans more negatively than others, though they viewed societal support for quitters and sufficiency of tobacco control policy more positively compared with others. Differences were vast compared with non-smokers, but also occasional smokers differed from daily smokers. Conclusions: Tightening tobacco control and workplace smoking bans were supported by the Finnish adult population, but societal support for quitters to a lesser extent. Attitude change, where smokers are seen as deserving help to quit smoking, is important.
Early Life Stress Associated With Increased Striatal N-Acetyl-Aspartate: Cerebrospinal Fluid Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Concentrations, Hippocampal Volume, Body Mass, and Behavioral Correlates
Authors: Coplan Jeremy D. , Lu Dunyue , El Sehamy Alexander M. , Tang Cheuk , Jackowski Andrea P. , Abdallah Chadi G. , Nemeroff Charles B. , Owens Michael J. , Mathew Sanjay J. , Gorman Jack M. 
Published: April 2018

Introduction Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging, the effects of early life stress on nonhuman primate striatal neuronal integrity were examined as reflected by N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) concentrations. NAA measures were interrogated through examining their relationship to previously documented early life stress markers—cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations, hippocampal volume, body mass, and behavioral timidity. Rodent models of depression exhibit increases in neurotrophic effects in the nucleus accumbens. We hypothesized that rearing under conditions of early life stress (variable foraging demand, VFD) would produce persistent elevations of NAA concentrations (in absolute or ratio form) in ventral striatum/caudate nucleus (VS/CN) with altered correlation to early life stress markers. Methods Eleven bonnet macaque males reared under VFD conditions and seven age-matched control subjects underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging during young adulthood. Voxels were placed over VS/CN to capture nucleus accumbens. Cisternal cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations, hippocampal volume, body mass, and response to a human intruder had been previously determined. Results VFD-reared monkeys exhibited significantly increased NAA/creatine concentrations in right VS/CN in comparison to normally reared controls, controlling for multiple comparisons. In comparison to controls, VFD cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations were directly associated with right VS/CN absolute NAA. Left hippocampal volume was inversely associated with left VS/CN NAA/creatine in VFD reared but not in controls. Disruption of a normative inverse correlation between left VS/CN NAA and body mass was noted in VFD. Only non-VFD subjects exhibited a direct relationship between timidity response to an intruder and right VS/CN NAA. Conclusion Early life stress produced persistent increases in VS/CN NAA, which demonstrated specific patterns of association (or lack thereof) to early life stress markers in comparison to non-VFD subjects. The data are broadly consistent with a stable nonhuman primate phenotype of anxiety and mood disorder vulnerability whereby in vivo indicators of neuronal integrity, although reduced in hippocampus, are increased in striatum. The findings may provide a catalyst for further studies in humans and other species regarding a reciprocal hippocampal/nucleus accumbens relationship in affective disorders.
Arthroscopic Characterization of Syndesmotic Instability
Authors: Abdelaziz Mohamed , Massri-Pugin Jafet , Lubberts Bart , Vopat Bryan , Guss Daniel , Hosseini Ali , DiGiovanni Christopher , Johnson Anne Holly 
Published: April 2018

Category: Arthroscopy, Sports, Trauma, Other, Syndesmosis Introduction/Purpose: Ankle arthroscopy is increasingly used to diagnose syndesmostic instability by visualizing the distal tibiofibular articulation and applying a lateral fibular stress. Precisely where in the incisura one should measure potential diastasis, however, remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine where within the incisura one should assess coronal plane instability in purely ligamentous syndesmotic injuries when performing a lateral hook stress test (LHT). Methods: Twenty-two above-knee cadaveric specimens underwent ankle arthroscopy, first with intact ligaments and thereafter after each sequential step of syndesmotic and deltoid ligament transection. At each step, a standard 100 N hook test was applied through a lateral incision 5 cm proximal to the ankle joint and the coronal plane diastasis in the stressed and unstressed states were measured at both anterior and posterior third of the distal tibiofibular joint using calibrated probes ranged from 0.1 to 6.0 mm, with 0.1 mm of increments. Results: Anterior third diastasis did not change significantly when applying a LHT, neither in the intact state nor after any stage of ligament transection (P values ranging from p=0.61 to p=0.94). In contrast, posterior third diastasis increased significantly by applying stress at the intact state at the following stages of transection: posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL), PITFL plus interosseous ligament, all syndesmosis ligaments, and all syndesmosis ligaments plus superficial and deep deltoid ligament (P values ranging p=0.001 to p=0.031). Interobserver agreement was substantial (ICC = 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.92), and moderate (ICC = 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.87) for anterior and posterior third diastasis measurements, respectively. Conclusion: Syndesmotic ligament injury results in coronal plane instability of the distal tibiofibular articulation that is readily identified arthroscopically with a LHT and when measured in the posterior third of the incisura. Measurement at the anterior third of the incisura may miss such injuries.
Intraoperative Syndesmotic Instability Test
Authors: de Cesar Netto Cesar , Dos Santos Alexandre Godoy , Araoye Ibukunoluwa , Hudson Parke , Shah Ashish , Staggers Jackson , Bergstresser Shelby , de Veloza Coelho Correia Martim Pinto , Phillips Sierra , Smith Walter , Chodaba Yvonne 
Published: April 2018

Category: Ankle, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Precise diagnosis of distal tibiofibular syndesmotic injury is challenging and a gold standard diagnostic test has still not been established. Tibiofibular clear space identified on radiographic imaging is considered the most reliable indicator of the injury. The Cotton test is the most widely used intraoperative technique to evaluate the syndesmotic integrity although it has its limitations. We advocate for a novel intra operative test using a 3.5 mm cortical tap. Methods: Tibiofibular clear space was assessed in nine cadaveric specimens using three sequential fluoroscopic images. The first image was taken prior to the application of the tap test representing the intact and non-stressed state. Then, a 2.5 mm hole was drilled distally on the lateral fibula, and a 3.5 mm cortical tap was then threaded in the hole. The tap test involved gradually advancing the blunt tip against the lateral tibia, providing a tibiofibular separation force (intact, stressed). This same stress was then applied after all syndesmotic ligaments were released (injured, stressed). Measurements were compared by one-way ANOVA and paired Student’s t-test. Intra and inter-observer agreements were evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). P-values <.05 were considered significant. Results: We found excellent intra-observer (0.97) and inter-observer (0.98) agreement following the imaging assessment. Significant differences were found in the paired comparison between the groups (p<.05). When using an absolute value for TFCS >6 mm as diagnostic for syndesmotic instability, the tap test demonstrated a 96.3% sensitivity and specificity, a 96.3% PPV and NPV and a 96.3% accuracy in diagnosing syndesmotic instability. Conclusion: Our cadaveric study showed that this novel syndesmotic instability test using a 3.5 mm blunt cortical tap is a simple, accurate and reliable technique able to demonstrate significant differences in the tibiofibular clear space when injury was present. It could represent a more controlled and stable low-cost alternative to the most used Cotton test.
What are patients' knowledge, expectation and experience of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of their tendinopathies? A qualitative study
Authors: Leung Raymond , Malliaropoulos Nikolaos , Korakakis Vasileios , Padhiar Nat 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundExtracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is used to manage different tendinopathies and appears to be effective in some tendinopathies but not others. The reasons for this are unclear. There is evidence that patient outcomes can be influenced by a patient‐centred approach. There is therefore a need to qualitatively evaluate patient experiences for a treatment like ESWT where uncertainties exist. The aim of this study was to understand patients' overall perspective of ESWT to manage their tendinopathy.MethodsA qualitative semi‐structured face‐to‐face interview study design was used and the data was analysed thematically using ‘Framework Analysis'.ResultsEleven participants that have had radial ESWT (rESWT) to treat a range of tendinopathies were recruited from a private London sports clinic and interviewed in person or via Skype™. Four main themes and 16 subthemes were identified. Subthemes included previous failed treatment, clinician factors, mechanisms of ESWT, positive aspects, negative aspects, responsibility over own health and perceived outcomes.ConclusionThe participants understood the procedural aspects of rESWT, but were largely unaware of its mechanism of action and whether it was found to be effective for their condition or not. The participants felt that self‐management measures were equally or more important than rESWT to help treat their tendinopathies. Recommendations would be for rESWT providers to offer patients written information, maintain continuity of care, address patients' expectations, feedback on progress, and encourage self‐management measures such as activity modification.
Environmental colonization and onward clonal transmission of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in a medical intensive care unit: the case for environmental hygiene
Authors: Ng Deborah H. L. , Marimuthu Kalisvar , Lee Jia Jun , Khong Wei Xin , Ng Oon Tek , Zhang Wei , Poh Bee Fong , Rao Pooja , Raj Maya Devi Rajinder , Ang Brenda , De Partha Pratim 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
In May 2015, we noticed an increase in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU). To investigate this, we studied the extent of environmental contamination and subsequent onward clonal transmission of CRAB.

Methods
We conducted a one-day point prevalence screening (PPS) of the patients and environment in the MICU. We screened patients using endotracheal tube aspirates and swabs from nares, axillae, groin, rectum, wounds, and exit sites of drains. We collected environmental samples from patients’ rooms and environment outside the patients’ rooms. CRAB isolates from the PPS and clinical samples over the subsequent one month were studied for genetic relatedness by whole genome sequencing (WGS).

Results
We collected 34 samples from seven patients and 244 samples from the environment. On the day of PPS, we identified 8 CRAB carriers: 3 who screened positive and 5 previously known clinical infections. We detected environmental contamination in nearly two-thirds of the rooms housing patients with CRAB. WGS demonstrated genetic clustering of isolates within rooms but not across rooms. We analysed 4 CRAB isolates from clinical samples following the PPS. One genetically-related CRAB was identified in the respiratory sample of a patient with nosocomial pneumonia, who was admitted to the MICU five days after the PPS.

Conclusion
The extensive environmental colonization of CRAB by patients highlights the importance of environmental hygiene. The transmission dynamics of CRAB needs further investigation.
EYA4 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth and invasion by suppressing NF‐κB‐dependent RAP1 transactivation
Authors: Mo Shi‐Jing , Hou Xun , Hao Xiao‐Yi , Cai Jian‐Peng , Liu Xin , Chen Wei , Chen Dong , Yin Xiao‐Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundOur previous studies demonstrated that eyes absent homolog 4 (EYA4), a member of the eye development‐related EYA family in Drosophila, is frequently methylated and silenced in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens and associated with shorter survival. The current work aimed to explore the mechanisms through which EYA4 functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC.MethodsStable EYA4‐expressing plasmid (pEYA4) transfectants of the human HCC cell lines Huh‐7 and PLC/PRF/5 (PLC) were established. Xenografts tumors were established via subcutaneous injection of the stable transfectants into BALB/c nude mice. Tissue samples were obtained from 75 pathologically diagnosed HCC patients. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the expression of EYA4 in cell lines, xenografts and clinical specimens. The cell proliferation, colony formation, invasiveness and tumor formation of stable transfectants were studied. A gene expression microarray was utilized to screen genes regulated by EYA4 expression. The effect of EYA4 on nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)/RAS‐related protein 1 (RAP1) signaling was demonstrated through the co‐transfection of pEYA4 and Flag‐tagged RAS‐related protein 1A gene‐expressing plasmid (Flag‐RAP1A), functional studies, chromatin immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining and cellular ubiquitination assay.ResultsThe restoration of EYA4 expression in HCC cell lines suppressed cell proliferation, inhibited clonogenic outgrowth, reduced cell invasion and restrained xenograft tumor growth, and Flag‐RAP1A reversed the suppressive effects of pEYA4 in vitro. Activation of NF‐κB with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) increased the binding of p65 to the RAP1A gene promoter and up‐regulated RAP1 protein expression. The inhibition of NF‐κB with BAY 11‐7085 and p65 siRNA successfully blocked TNF‐α‐induced RAP1 up‐regulation. EYA4 antagonized the TNF‐α‐induced phosphorylation and ubiquitination of inhibitor of NF‐κBα (IκBα) as well as the nuclear translocation and transactivation of p65, resulting in repressed NF‐κB activity and RAP1 expression. Blocking the serine/threonine phosphatase activity of EYA4 with calyculin A notably abrogated its suppressive effect on NF‐κB activity. In addition, EYA4 expression was inversely correlated with IκBα/RAP1 activity in clinical HCC specimens.ConclusionOur findings provide a functional and mechanistic basis for identifying EYA4 as a bona fide tumor suppressor that disrupts aberrant activation of the NF‐κB/RAP1 signaling pathway and thus orchestrates a physiological impediment to HCC growth and invasion.
Diagnosis-to-Treatment Interval Is an Important Clinical Factor in Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Has Implication for Bias in Clinical Trials
Authors: Maurer Matthew J. , Ghesquières Hervé , Link Brian K. , Jais Jean-Philippe , Habermann Thomas M. , Thompson Carrie A. , Haioun Corinne , Allmer Cristine , Johnston Patrick B. , Delarue Richard , Micallef Ivana N. , Peyrade Frederic , Inwards David J. , Ketterer Nicolas , Farooq Umar , Fitoussi Olivier , Macon William R. , Molina Thierry J. , Syrbu Sergei , Feldman Andrew L. , Slager Susan L. , Weiner George J. , Ansell Stephen M. , Cerhan James R. , Salles Gilles A. , Witzig Thomas E. , Tilly Hervé , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose Selection bias in clinical trials has consequences for scientific validity and applicability of study results to the general population. There is concern that patients with clinically aggressive disease may not have enrolled in recent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) trials due to the consent process and the inability to delay therapy for eligibility evaluation. We have examined the diagnosis-to-treatment interval (DTI) and its association with clinical factors and outcome in a clinic-based observational cohort of patients with DLBCL from the United States. Validation of results was performed in an independent, clinical trial-based cohort from Europe. Patients and Methods Patients were prospectively enrolled in the University of Iowa and Mayo Clinic Specialized Programs of Research Excellence Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER; N = 986) or the Lymphoma Study Association (LYSA) LNH-2003 clinical trials program (N = 1,444). All patients received anthracycline-based immunochemotherapy at initial diagnosis. Associations of DTI with clinical factors and outcome were examined. Outcome was assessed using event-free survival at 24 months from diagnosis (EFS24). Results Median (range) DTI was 15 days (0 to 155 days in the MER and 23 days (0 to 215 days) in LYSA. Shorter DTI was strongly associated with adverse clinical factors, including elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, poor performance status, B symptoms, and higher International Prognostic Index in both cohorts (all P < .001). Longer DTI was associated with improved EFS24 in both the MER (per-week odds ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.74 to .0.87) and LYSA (per-week odds ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.94); association with EFS24 remained significant after adjustment for International Prognostic Index. Conclusion DTI is strongly associated with prognostic clinical factors and outcome in newly diagnosed DLBCL. DTI should be reported in all clinical trials of newly diagnosed DLBCL and future trials should take steps to avoid selection bias due to treatment delay.
Bermanowskie superpozycje językowe i egzotyzacja kontra komiks Cyrila Pedrosy Portugalia
Authors: Jankowski Jakub 
Published: April 2018

Berman’s language superpositions and exotization vs Portugal, a comic book by Cyril Pedrosa
The present article aims towards analysing three versions of a comic book Portugal by Cyril Pedrosa – original French and its translations into portuguese and polish – having in mind translation problems related with form (comic book) as well as with content. The analysis uses classic text deformative categories formulated by Antoine Berman. In course of analysis and interpretation of the translators’ choices we were able to show all the changes forced by specific language situation subsequent from the author’s creation of the plot situation.
Przekład choronimów „roszczeniowych” Między teorią tłumaczenia a onomastyką kulturową
Authors: Włoskowicz Wojciech 
Published: April 2018

Claim choronyms in translation. Between a theory of translation and the onomastics of culture
Toponyms may be used as manifestations of present or past power or claims. This is often connected with different points of view of national historiographies. A translator may have to mediate between such different perspectives. The proposed model of onymic semantics is based on the Ogden & Richards semiotic triangle. A claim choronym is a choronym established by an official decision or by language usus in order to manifest an existing or a past rule over a given territory or in order to manifest a claim to it. The three types of c. ch. are: formal (a new name is made for an existing concept of a territory), conceptual (an existing name is used to designate a new or modified concept of a territory), and formal‑conceptual (a new name is given to a new concept of a territory). In translation the most similar reaction of a recipient to the choronym is to be achieved (according to the theory of translation by Olgierd Wojtasiewicz).
Wokół recepcji przekładów poezji Pabla Nerudy w Polsce
Authors: Gaszyńska‑Magiera Małgorzata 
Published: April 2018

On the reception of Pablo Neruda’s poetry in Poland
Translations of Pablo Neruda’s poetry started to be published in Poland after the second world war in the press, even in newspapers. Until the beginning of the 1960s only ideological poems which showed the poet’s involvement in the fight for communism were selected. First collections of his poems also contained similar compositions. By that time Polish critics and poets highly appreciated his work. However, the selection criteria for the poems to be translated and published strengthened the image of Neruda as a poet‑communist which proved to be long‑lasting and influenced his later reception in Poland in spite of the fact that his erotic and lyrical verses started to appear in the Polish press and anthologies. Therefore, today he is an almost forgotten author.
Isothermal Crystallization Properties and Improved Rheological Performance of Waxy Crude Oil using Polyoctadecylacrylate-Modified Montmorillonite Composite as a Pour Point Depressant
Authors: Yao Bo , Li Chuanxian , Yang Fei , Sun Guangyu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecently, studies on the use of polymer nanomaterial composites as pour-point depressants (PPD) have drawn much attention, but the crystallization properties and improved rheological performance of waxy crude oils using nanoclay-based composite PPDs have rarely been reported. In this paper, montmorillonite (Mnt) was first organically modified using octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (C21H46NCl, or stearyltrimethylammonium chloride) in aqueous solution. Then, the organically modified Mnt (OMnt) material was dispersed into a polyoctadecylacrylate (POA) matrix to prepare a POA/OMnt composite PPD by melt blending. The composition, structure, and morphology of Mnt, OMnt, and the POA/OMnt composite PPDs were investigated. The results showed that the OMnt and POA were compatible and that the OMnt was exfoliated into several sheets in the POA matrix. Subsequently, the isothermal crystallization kinetics of the POA/OMnt composite PPDs showed that small amounts of OMnt had a dramatic impact on POA chain motion during crystallization and facilitated POA crystallization. After it was added to a waxy crude oil, the POA/OMnt composite PPDs produced better rheological properties and performance than identical concentrations of the neat POA. The POA/OMnt composite PPDs can act as wax nucleation sites for wax molecule precipitation and result in larger and more compact wax crystal flocs, which adversely affect the formation of a wax crystal network and, thus, favor the improvement of waxy crude oil rheology.