bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Water Mass Dynamics Over the Algero‐Provencal Basin (Western Mediterranean Sea) in the MEDRYS1V2 Reanalysis
Authors: Barral Quentin‐Boris , Zakardjian Bruno , Dumas Franck , Garreau Pierre , Beuvier Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe present an assessment of the water mass dynamics in a reanalysis of the Mediterranean Sea with a focus on the Algero‐Provencal basin. We use a θ‐S‐based algorithm to compute the fractions of the main western Mediterranean water masses: Atlantic and modified Atlantic Waters (AW and mAW), Western and Eastern Intermediate Waters (WIW and EIW), Tyrrhenian and Western Mediterranean Deep Water (TDW and WMDW). The reanalysis retains the known mean characteristics of the water masses, their seasonal to interannual variabilities, and main circulation patterns when compared with the literature. The imprint of winter mixing is particularly obvious with coherent variations of water mass volumes, mainly the yearly creation of WIW from mAW on northernmost shelves and of WMDW from all surface and intermediate layers during years of deep water formation (DWF). The results also highlight some unrealistic events of variability of the WMDW volume that are likely due to the data assimilation process. Recomputation of water mass volumes and transports without these altered years allowed to highlight the possible disruption of large‐scale barotropic cyclonic circulation in the East Algerian basin in response to major DWF events over the Gulf of Lion and the induced surface consequence on Algerian Eddies' trajectories.
Hollows on Mercury: A Comprehensive Analysis of Spatial Patterns and Their Relationship to Craters and Structures
Authors: De Toffoli Barbara , Galluzzi Valentina , Massironi Matteo , Besse Sebastien , Schmidt Gene Walter , Barraud Oceane , Buoninfante Salvatore , Palumbo Pasquale 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHollows on Mercury are small (hundreds of meters ‐ few kilometers), shallow (tens of meters), irregular depressions typically found in clusters, often associated with impact craters, and likely formed by the loss of volatile materials. While their exact formation process remains debated, various hypotheses suggest sublimation or space weathering. In this study, we analyzed the global distribution of hollows, exploring their spatial patterns and relationships with key geological features. Our findings challenge the idea that hollows arise from a single volatile‐rich surface layer, suggesting instead that volatiles are dispersed throughout the crust. Hollows show no correlation with specific geological units or elevations, indicating no singular volatile source. Moreover, the transitory nature of hollows is suggested as they are rare in older, degraded craters but common in younger ones or older craters with deep‐seated features, hinting at a link to the reworking of materials through impacts or volcano‐tectonic activity.
Satellite‐Based Diagnostics of Precipitation Process in Mixed‐Phase Clouds: Extension From Warm Rain Process Statistics
Authors: Suzuki Kentaroh , Nagao Takashi M. , Murai Aya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a methodology for analyzing the precipitation process in mixed‐phase clouds using multisensor satellite data, including radar, lidar, and imager. By leveraging a specific multivariate statistic, we elucidate the vertical microphysical structures of mixed‐phase clouds and their transitions associated with cloud particle growth and phase change. Expanding upon previous warm rain process diagnostics, we integrate cloud thermodynamic phase information from lidar and imager, representing the phase near the cloud top and column, respectively, to classify the vertical microphysical structures obtained from radar. Our global composite analysis reveals a systematic transition from non‐precipitating to precipitating characteristics with increasing ice phase fraction of the cloud column, rather than near the cloud top, and increasing cloud‐top particle size. These findings offer valuable observational references for evaluating numerical models in precipitation physics.
Impact of Horizontal Resolution on Simulating Eddy‐Induced Meridional Heat Transport in the Southeast Indian Ocean
Authors: Qian Xingshang , Zhou Lei , Qin Jianhuang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe eddy‐induced meridional heat transport (EMHT) in the Southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) plays a crucial role in regional air–sea interactions and climate changes, but it is commonly underestimated in widely‐known models and reanalysis data sets. This study uses three experiments of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) with varying horizontal resolutions to assess their impact on simulating EMHT in the SEIO. The results show that increasing horizontal resolution enhances the simulated EMHT with a stronger seasonal cycle. The higher horizontal resolution experiments show improvements in the association and phase difference between high‐frequency temperature and meridional velocity, both of which are the definition of EMHT. According to turbulent diffusion theory, the magnitude of EMHT is directly correlated with eddy kinetic energy (EKE). Both of them show similar vertical and temporal variations as well as spatial patterns. EKE budget analysis suggests that the improvement in EKE is primarily attributed to the enhanced baroclinic energy conversion, which indicates the EKE originated from eddy available potential energy. It is further found that the amplitude and number of mesoscale eddies are notably large in high‐resolution experiments, thereby augmenting the EKE and EMHT. Additionally, the seasonal variation in EMHT in each model experiment is tied to the number of mesoscale eddies, rather than other characteristics of them. Thus, this study provides a valuable insight into the enhancing horizontal resolution to improve the simulation of EMHT.
Anthropogenic Perturbations Complicated the Downstream Greenhouse Gas Dynamics of a Large Subtropical Reservoir
Authors: Wan Xiang , Chen Shuai , Wang Wanfa , Dai Mutan , Shi Wenhong , Ran Lishan , Wu Xiaoxu , Tan Wenfeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRiver damming can significantly alter the hydrology and nutrient levels of river water, resulting in substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere. However, the dynamics of greenhouse gases in the discharged water downstream of dams remain poorly understood, despite being recognized as a crucial source of GHG emissions in river‐reservoir systems. In this study, we conducted comprehensive measurements of GHG concentrations and water chemistry in a large subtropical reservoir and its upstream and downstream rivers to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of GHG concentrations and fluxes and to identify their governing mechanisms, with a primary focus on downstream GHG dynamics. Our analysis revealed that the distribution of pCO2 among the reservoir and its upstream and downstream rivers was predominantly controlled by aquatic metabolism and atmospheric CO2 exchange. Conversely, the distribution of CH4 and N2O levels was largely influenced by anaerobic metabolism. Seasonal fluctuations in GHG dynamics were linked to hydroclimatic conditions, including water temperature, hydrologic connectivity between land and rivers, and reservoir thermal stratification. Anthropogenic activities (e.g., agricultural land use) were found to affect the downstream trend of GHG concentrations. Higher GHG fluxes in the downstream rivers compared to reservoir were attributed to the anaerobic production of CH4 in the reservoir and increased gas transfer velocity in the downstream rivers. These findings underscore the critical influence of anthropogenic activities on downstream GHG dynamics and emphasize the necessity of integrating anthropogenic impacts and seasonal variability in downstream GHG emissions to enhance our understanding of the carbon budget in river‐reservoir systems.
Seawater Lead Isotopes Record Early Miocene to Modern Circulation Dynamics in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Huang Huang , Gutjahr Marcus , Song Zhaoyang , Fietzke Jan , Frank Martin , Kuhn Gerhard , Hillenbrand Claus Dieter , Christl Marcus , Garbe‐Schönberg Dieter , Goepfert Tyler , Eisenhauer Anton 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is Earth's largest current flowing around Antarctica at all depths and connecting major ocean basins, thus representing an important component of Earth's climate. However, the timing and key controls determining ACC flow path and its strength as a function of past climatic boundary conditions that ultimately resulted in its modern configuration remain unclear due to major uncertainties in paleoceanographic and tectonic reconstructions. Here we present a unique high‐resolution laser ablation‐derived late Cenozoic seawater lead isotope record obtained from a hydrogenetic ferromanganese crust from the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Our Pb isotope data reveal that the ACC has experienced five stable circulation states since the early Miocene which were separated by four major transitions observed at 17.5‐14.6, 12, 10 and 5 Ma. We suggest that the relatively abrupt transitions between ACC circulation state were mainly induced by tectonic changes, whereas the impact of climatic changes was of secondary importance. According to our data the modern ACC configuration formed 5 million years ago, likely in response to the closure of the Panama Seaway. Since the Drake Passage (DP) has already been an open seaway since at least the late Miocene, our results demonstrate that DP opening was not the only factor affecting past ACC circulation. Our data also show that changes in the latitudinal position of the ACC were linked to the middle Miocene waxing and waning of the Antarctic ice sheets, which emphasizes the ACC's critical role as a key control of Antarctic glaciation.
Glial cell deficits are a key feature of schizophrenia: implications for neuronal circuit maintenance and histological differentiation from classical neurodegeneration
Authors: Bernstein Hans-Gert , Nussbaumer Madeleine , Vasilevska Veronika , Dobrowolny Henrik , Nickl-Jockschat Thomas , Guest Paul C. , Steiner Johann 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dysfunctional glial cells play a pre-eminent role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. Post-mortem studies have provided evidence for significantly decreased glial cell numbers in different brain regions of individuals with schizophrenia. Reduced glial cell numbers are most pronounced in oligodendroglia, but reduced astrocyte cell densities have also been reported. This review highlights that oligo- and astroglial deficits are a key histopathological feature in schizophrenia, distinct from typical changes seen in neurodegenerative disorders. Significant deficits of oligodendrocytes in schizophrenia may arise in two ways: (i) demise of mature functionally compromised oligodendrocytes; and (ii) lack of mature oligodendrocytes due to failed maturation of progenitor cells. We also analyse in detail the controversy regarding deficits of astrocytes. Regardless of their origin, glial cell deficits have several pathophysiological consequences. Among these, myelination deficits due to a reduced number of oligodendrocytes may be the most important factor, resulting in the disconnectivity between neurons and different brain regions observed in schizophrenia. When glial cells die, it appears to be through degeneration, a process which is basically reversible. Thus, therapeutic interventions that (i) help rescue glial cells (ii) or improve their maturation might be a viable option. Since antipsychotic treatment alone does not seem to prevent glial cell loss or maturation deficits, there is intense search for new therapeutic options. Current proposals range from the application of antidepressants and other chemical agents as well as physical exercise to engrafting healthy glial cells into brains of schizophrenia patients.
A study on digital tooth preparation assessment software in undergraduate pre-clinical skills teaching
Authors: Alsharif Hanin , Boyle Richard , Maillou Pauline , Cherukara George P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Aims This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the PrepCheck digital system as an additional feedback tool in enhancing undergraduate dental students’ tooth preparation skills and its potential to enhance students’ learning experience.

Material and Methods
A total of 55 BDS3 students attending the “Crowns Course” and divided into three groups participated in the study. One group (n = 24) was randomly selected as the case group and received feedback using the digital tooth preparation analysis system, PrepCheck, alongside standard visual assessment. The other two groups (n = 31) served as controls and only received standard visual feedback. All students’ tooth preparations for the final test were digitally assessed using PrepCheck against a faculty-approved master preparation. The tooth preparation quality was compared between the case and control groups, employing two distinct grading methods. Additionally, a questionnaire was provided to students who used the digital system to gather their feedback.

Results
The findings revealed a positive trend in performance among the case group when using the PrepCheck system. However, the analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the groups in both the tutor assessment only and tutor assessment in addition to using the PrepCheck report. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences, qualitative feedback from participants indicated a favourable reception of the digital system.

Conclusions
While the PrepCheck digital system displayed potential in complementing traditional teaching methods and enhancing the learning experience, its integration posed challenges, particularly concerning time constraints. Further research is recommended to investigate further the potential longer-term effects and potential useful applications for integrating digital systems like PrepCheck into dental education.
Parallel development of social behavior in biological and artificial fish
Authors: McGraw Joshua D. , Lee Donsuk , Wood Justin N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOur algorithmic understanding of vision has been revolutionized by a reverse engineering paradigm that involves building artificial systems that perform the same tasks as biological systems. Here, we extend this paradigm to social behavior. We embodied artificial neural networks in artificial fish and raised the artificial fish in virtual fish tanks that mimicked the rearing conditions of biological fish. When artificial fish had deep reinforcement learning and curiosity-derived rewards, they spontaneously developed fish-like social behaviors, including collective behavior and social preferences (favoring in-group over out-group members). The artificial fish also developed social behavior in naturalistic ocean worlds, showing that these embodied models generalize to real-world learning contexts. Thus, animal-like social behaviors can develop from generic learning algorithms (reinforcement learning and intrinsic motivation). Our study provides a foundation for reverse-engineering the development of social behavior using image-computable models from artificial intelligence, bridging the divide between high-dimensional sensory inputs and collective action.
Healthcare utilization, mortality, and cardiovascular events following GLP1-RA initiation in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zhang Shuyao , Sidra Fnu , Alvarez Carlos A. , Kinaan Mustafa , Lingvay Ildiko , Mansi Ishak A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTreatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) may attenuate kidney disease progression and cardiovascular events but their real-world impact on healthcare utilization and mortality in this population are not well-defined. Here, we emulate a clinical trial that compares outcomes following initiation of GLP1-RA vs Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), as active comparators, in U.S. veterans aged 35 years of older with moderate to advanced CKD during fiscal years 2006 to 2021. Primary outcome was rate of acute healthcare utilization. Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and a composite of acute cardiovascular events. After propensity score matching (16,076 pairs) and 2.2 years mean follow-up duration, use of GLP1-RA in patients with moderate to advanced CKD was associated with lower annual rate of acute healthcare utilization and all-cause mortality. There was no significant difference in acute cardiovascular events.
X-linked deletion of Crossfirre, Firre, and Dxz4 in vivo uncovers diverse phenotypes and combinatorial effects on autosomes
Authors: Hasenbein Tim P. , Hoelzl Sarah , Smith Zachary D. , Gerhardinger Chiara , Gonner Marion O. C. , Aguilar-Pimentel Antonio , Amarie Oana V. , Becker Lore , Calzada-Wack Julia , Dragano Nathalia R. V. , da Silva-Buttkus Patricia , Garrett Lillian , Hölter Sabine M. , Kraiger Markus , Östereicher Manuela A. , Rathkolb Birgit , Sanz-Moreno Adrián , Spielmann Nadine , Wurst Wolfgang , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Fuchs Helmut , Hrabě de Angelis Martin , Meissner Alexander , Engelhardt Stefan , Rinn John L. , Andergassen Daniel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe lncRNA Crossfirre was identified as an imprinted X-linked gene, and is transcribed antisense to the trans-acting lncRNA Firre. The Firre locus forms an inactive-X-specific interaction with Dxz4, both loci providing the platform for the largest conserved chromatin structures. Here, we characterize the epigenetic profile of these loci, revealing them as the most female-specific accessible regions genome-wide. To address their in vivo role, we perform one of the largest X-linked knockout studies by deleting Crossfirre, Firre, and Dxz4 individually and in combination. Despite their distinct epigenetic features observed on the X chromosome, our allele-specific analysis uncovers these loci as dispensable for imprinted and random X chromosome inactivation. However, we provide evidence that Crossfirre affects autosomal gene regulation but only in combination with Firre. To shed light on the functional role of these sex-specific loci, we perform an extensive standardized phenotyping pipeline and uncover diverse knockout and sex-specific phenotypes. Collectively, our study provides the foundation for exploring the intricate interplay of conserved X-linked loci in vivo.
Deciphering the atomistic mechanism underlying highly tunable piezoelectric properties in perovskite ferroelectrics via transition metal doping
Authors: Tan Peng , Huang Xiaolin , Wang Yu , Xing Bohan , Zhang Jiajie , Hu Chengpeng , Meng Xiangda , Xu Xiaodong , Li Danyang , Wang Xianjie , Zhou Xin , Zhang Nan , Wang Qisheng , Li Fei , Zhang Shujun , Tian Hao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPiezoelectricity, a fundamental property of perovskite ferroelectrics, endows the materials at the heart of electromechanical systems spanning from macro to micro/nano scales. Defect engineering strategies, particularly involving heterovalent trace impurities and derived vacancies, hold great potential for adjusting piezoelectric performance. Despite the prevalent use of defect engineering for modification, a comprehensive understanding of the specific features that positively impact material properties is still lacking, this knowledge gap impedes the advancement of a universally applicable defect selection and design strategy. In this work, we select perovskite KTa1−xNbxO3 single crystals with orthorhombic phase as the matrix and introduce Fe and Mn elements, which are commonly used in “hard” ferroelectrics as dopants. We investigate how transition-metal doping modifies piezoelectric properties from the perspective of intrinsic polarization behaviors. Interestingly, despite both being doped into the B-site as an acceptor, Mn doping enhances the local structural heterogeneity, greatly bolstering the piezoelectric coefficient beyond 1000 pC/N, whereas Fe doping tends to stabilize the polarization, leading to a substantial improvement in the mechanical quality factor up to 700. This work deciphers the diverse impacts of transition metal impurities on regulating polarization structures and modifying piezoelectric properties, providing a good paradigm for strategically designing perovskite ferroelectrics.
Dengue virus transmission in Italy: historical trends up to 2023 and a data repository into the future
Authors: Branda Francesco , Nakase Taishi , Maruotti Antonello , Scarpa Fabio , Ciccozzi Alessandra , Romano Chiara , Peletto Simone , de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Marcello Alessandro , Ciccozzi Massimo , Lourenço José , Giovanetti Marta 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDengue virus circulation is on the rise globally, with increased epidemic activity in previously unaffected countries, including within Europe. In 2023, global dengue activity peaked, and Italy reported the highest number of dengue cases and local chains of transmission to date. By curating several sources of information, we introduce a novel data repository focused on dengue reporting in Italy. We integrate data from such a repository with other geographic, genomic and climatic spatiotemporal data to present an overview of transmission patterns of the past eight years related to circulating viral lineages, geographic distribution, hotspots of reporting, and the theoretical contribution of local climate. The novel data repository can contribute to a better understanding of an evolving epidemiological scenario in Italy, with the potential to inform reassessment and planning of adequate national and European public health strategies to manage the emergence of the dengue virus.
A global multi catchment and multi dataset synthesis for water fluxes and storage changes on land
Authors: Zarei Mohanna , Destouni Georgia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWater on land is essential for all societal, ecosystem, and planetary health aspects and conditions, and all life as we know it. Many disciplines consider and model similar terrestrial water phenomena and processes, but comparisons and consistent validations are lacking for the datasets used by various science communities for different world parts, scales, and applications. Here, we present a new global data synthesis that includes and harmonises four comparative datasets for main terrestrial water fluxes and storage changes, and the catchment-wise water balance closure they imply for the 30-year period 1980–2010 in 1561 non-overlapping hydrological catchments around the world. This can be used to identify essential agreements and disagreements of the comparative datasets for spatial variations and temporal changes of runoff, evapotranspiration, water storage, and associated water-balances around the global land area, e.g., for pattern recognition and hypothesis/model testing. The facilitated direct dataset comparison can advance a more coherent, realistic cross-disciplinary understanding of Earth’s water states and changes across regions and scales, from local and up to continental and global.