bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency treatment of iatrogenic coronary perforation by transcatheter embolization with gelatin sponge particles—Description of technique
Authors: Kałmucki Piotr , Kuzemczak Michał , Siminiak Tomasz , Baszko Artur 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCoronary artery perforation (CAP) is a rare but potentially life‐threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) that requires prompt diagnosis and effective treatment. Importantly, dynamic advances in interventional cardiology reflected by the increasing percentage of more challenging PCIs performed in more complex lesions have resulted in significant changes in CAPs pattern. Herein, we describe a technique and present a case report of CAP that occurred during percutaneous recanalization of the occluded restenotic right coronary artery (RCA) successfully treated with transcatheter embolization using gelatin sponge particles prepared on‐site. The patient underwent coronary angiography with a subsequent attempt to open chronically occluded RCA. During the procedure, a guidewire was inadvertently positioned outside the arterial bed resulting in type III CAP. After unsuccessful prolonged balloon inflations as well as an anticoagulation reversal, embolization of the RCA with gelatin sponge particles as an ultima ratio treatment was performed. Sponge particles were prepared on‐site by the operator, by cutting gelatin sponge used for wound healing. The procedure resulted in a total occlusion of the RCA and significant clinical improvement. The patient did not require pericardiocentesis and was discharged from the hospital after 10 days of an uneventful postprocedural course. The described technique is an easy and effective method of guidewire‐related CAPs treatment in whom stent grafts cannot be implanted. Noteworthy, the technique can be applied in most cath labs as it utilizes a widely available gelatin sponge and does not require any specific expertise.
First use and limitations of Magmaris® bioresorbable stenting in a low birth weight infant with native aortic coarctation
Authors: Sallmon Hannes , Berger Felix , Cho Mi‐Young , Opgen‐Rhein Bernd 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe, herein, report the first use of a Magmaris® magnesium‐based vascular scaffold for native aortic coarctation in a 1,980 g infant with multiple malformations. Due to the low body weight, complex illness, and clinical instability, it was decided to delay surgical correction. After insufficient results had been obtained by balloon angioplasty, Magmaris® implantation was chosen to bridge the patient to surgery by stabilizing left ventricular function and to allow for sufficient growth. Due to significant early stent restenosis and complete loss of radial force, the patient required balloon reangioplasty only 21 days after Magmaris® implantation and early surgical correction. In addition, high systemic sirolimus levels were detected 48 hr after the intervention (5 ng/mL). Although the bioresorbable scaffold was successfully used as a short‐term bridge‐to‐surgery in our case, due to significant early stent failure (loss of radial force), this approach does not seem promising for long‐term bridging of infants with aortic coarctation. In addition, the consequences of sirolimus‐induced systemic immunosuppression may further limit the applicability of Magmaris® scaffolds in infants with congenital heart disease.
Experience of associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy as first published case report in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljumaiah Shaikhah , Alarfaj Leenah , Almahozi Ahmad I. , Tabbal Mahmoud , Alqahtani Mohammed S. 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessageThis case is the first published associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy procedure done successfully in Saudi Arabia, with excellent hypertrophic response to the liver remnant. This is a milestone in liver resection techniques in the country and the region.
Novel Supramolecular Photocatalyst Based on Conjugation of Cucurbit[7]uril to Non‐Metallated Porphyrin for Electrophotocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Water Splitting
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Patil Bhushan , Khaligh Aisan , Hadi Seyed E. , Uyar Tamer , Tuncel Dönüs 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVisible‐light triggerable, stable, organic material‐based photocatalysts that can function in alkaline media without the necessity of sacrificial agent for hydrogen production are highly sought after. Here, we report a novel supramolecular photocatalyst that confers the aforementioned features. This supramolecular photocatalyst (TPP‐4CB7) is synthesized through the conjugation of monohydroxylated cucurbit(7)uril (CB7) hosts to a suitably substituted tetraphenyl porphyrin. Although TPP‐4CB7 by its own preforms as an efficient visible light triggered photocatalyst, the hydrogen production efficiency is significantly enhanced upon mixing with TiO2. The resulting nanocomposite (TPP‐CB‐TiO2@Pt) is observed to exhibit remarkable electrophotocatalytic activity under visible light and produces hydrogen (onset potential −10 mV, turn over frequency (TOF) 0.202 s−1, 24.5 mmol h−1 g−1) from water splitting without any significant degradation during four runs (5 h each) in alkaline media and in the absence of sacrificial agent.
Transition Metal Diborides: A New Type of High‐performance Electrocatalysts for Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Qin Gangqiang , Cui Qianyi , Du Aijun , Wang Weihua , Sun Qiao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to produce ammonia via electrochemical methods at ambient conditions is of great significance for sustainable development of energy. However, searching for the highly efficient catalysts is still a great challenge. In this study, we report a type of novel electrocatalysts named transition metal diborides (TMB2) with a high‐activity, ‐selectivity, ‐conductivity and super‐stability for NRR. We have computationally calculated the binding energies of N2 and H2O on three TMB2 (TM=V, Nb and Ti), and the results show that all the three TMB2 can selectively adsorb and significantly activate N2. Further investigations of the NRR on the three TMB2 with two possible mechanisms, named associative Heyrovsky mechanism (AHM) and dissociative Heyrovsky mechanism (DHM), suggest that the VB2 is the most efficient electrocatalyst among them with a low limiting reaction energy of just 0.28 eV. Moreover, our calculated results have proved that the TMB2 used as electrocatalysts are highly recyclable as the binding energies of N2 on them are much larger than those of NH3. Consequently, our study demonstrates for the first time the mechanisms of NRR on TMB2, which offers a new type of electrocatalysts with high efficiency and durability for sustainable NH3 production.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp3)−H Insertion by Decarbenation of Cycloheptatrienes
Authors: Yin Xiang , Zuccarello Giuseppe , García‐Morales Cristina , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA novel synthesis of indanes and dihydronaphtalenes based on the intramolecular insertion into C(sp3)−H bonds of gold(I) carbenes generated by retro‐Buchner reaction (decarbenation) has been developed. Deuterium‐labeling and kinetic isotope effect experiments, DFT calculations, and generation of the proposed carbene intermediate from a well‐characterized gold(I) carbenoid support the involvement of a three‐center concerted mechanism for the C(sp3)−H functionalization process.
The role of cancer in marijuana and prescription opioid use in the United States: A population‐based analysis from 2005 to 2014
Authors: Tringale Kathryn R. , Huynh‐Le Minh‐Phuong , Salans Mia , Marshall Deborah C. , Shi Yuyan , Hattangadi‐Gluth Jona A. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundFor patients with cancer, marijuana may be an alternative to prescription opioid analgesics. This study analyzed self‐reported marijuana and prescription opioid use among people with cancer over a 10‐year time period.MethodsPopulation‐based data sets from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2005 and 2014 were compiled for respondents aged 20 to 60 years. Respondents with cancer and respondents without cancer were propensity score–matched (1:2) by demographics to compare substance use. Outcomes included current marijuana and prescription opioid use (ie, within the past 30 days). Pearson chi‐square tests and logistic regressions were performed; a 2‐tailed P value < .05 was significant.ResultsThere were 19,604 respondents, and 826 people with cancer were matched to 1652 controls. Among the respondents with cancer, 40.3% used marijuana within the past year, and 8.7% used it currently. Respondents with cancer were significantly more likely to use prescription opioids (odds ratio [OR], 2.43; 95% CI, 1.68‐3.57; P < .001). Cancer was not associated with current marijuana use in a multivariable conditional logistic regression but was associated with current opioid use (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.17‐2.82; P = .008). Among all survey respondents, the odds of marijuana use significantly increased over time (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.10; P = .012), whereas the odds of opioid use did not significantly change. There were no significant differences in the longitudinal odds of marijuana or opioid use over time between respondents with a cancer diagnosis and those without one.ConclusionsThis population‐based analysis revealed a considerable proportion of respondents with cancer self‐reporting marijuana use (40.3%) and a significantly higher prevalence of opioid use among respondents with cancer. In the midst of an opioid epidemic, an evolving political landscape, and new developments in oncology, quantifying the prevalence of opioid and marijuana use in the US population, especially among patients with cancer, is particularly relevant. Although opioid use did not significantly change from 2005 to 2014 among all respondents, marijuana use did increase, likely reflecting increased availability and legislative changes. A cancer diagnosis did not significantly affect longitudinal opioid or marijuana use.
Graph partition–based data and task co‐scheduling of scientific workflow in geo‐distributed datacenters
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Chen Jian , Zhan Jun , Jin Jiahui , Song Aibo 
Published: April 2019

SummaryMost large‐scale scientific workflows take place in multiple collaborative datacenters for access to community‐wide resources, while adhering to each datacenter's non‐uniform resource limits. However, moving both initial input datasets with predetermined locations and intermediate datasets needing placement decisions across geo‐distributed datacenters hinders efficient execution of large‐scale data‐intensive scientific workflows. Thus, scientific workflow's data and task co‐scheduling deal with situations such as pre‐placed initial input datasets, placement of intermediate datasets and each datacenter's non‐uniform computation and storage constraint, while minimizing the cross‐datacenter data transfer. Since this scheduling problem is known to be NP‐hard, here, we propose a novel approach, based on the multilevel graph coarsening and uncoarsening framework, together with a specialized hybrid genetic algorithm having distinctive graph partition driven features of repair and local improvement, for scheduling data‐intensive scientific workflows in geo‐distributed datacenters and optimizing the cross‐datacenter data transfer volume. Extensive simulations, based on four real‐world workflow traces, show that our algorithm significantly reduces the overall geo‐distributed data transfer and demonstrate its effectiveness.
Further modifications of 1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine derivatives as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase
Authors: Giovannoni Maria P. , Cantini Niccolò , Crocetti Letizia , Guerrini Gabriella , Iacovone Antonella , Schepetkin Igor A. , Vergelli Claudia , Khlebnikov Andrei I. , Quinn Mark T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHuman neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a potent protease that plays an important physiological role in many processes and is considered to be a multifunctional enzyme. HNE is also involved in a variety of pathologies affecting the respiratory system. Thus, compounds able to inhibit HNE proteolytic activity could represent effective therapeutics. We present here a new series of pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine derivatives of our previously reported potent HNE inhibitors. Our results show that position 2 of the pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine scaffold must be unsubstituted, and modifications of this position resulted in loss of HNE inhibitory activity. Conversely, the introduction of certain substituents at position 5 was tolerated, with retention of HNE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 15–51 nM) after most substitutions, indicating that bulky and/or lipophilic substituents at position 5 probably interact with the large pocket of the enzyme site and allow Michaelis complex formation. The possibility of Michaelis complex formation between Ser195 and the ligand carbonyl group was assessed by molecular docking, and it was found that highly active HNE inhibitors are characterized by geometries favorable for Michaelis complex formation and by relatively short lengths of the proton transfer channel via the catalytic triad.
Development of self‐feeding behavior in children with typical development and those with arm movement impairments
Authors: Babik Iryna , Movva Naimisha , Baraldi Cunha Andrea , Lobo Michele A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSelf‐feeding is a critical self‐care skill that unites motor abilities (e.g., grasping and transporting utensils/food to the mouth) and cognitive abilities (e.g., using a spoon as a tool). This cross‐sectional study assessed self‐feeding behavior in a sample of 38 children with typical development (TD) and compared it between 18 of those children and 18 age‐ and sex‐matched peers with arm movement impairments (MI). Children were assessed with a bowl of cereal and two spoons presented in four different orientations. Results suggested that children with MI were less successful than their TD peers in both motor aspects (e.g., grasp and transport of food and utensils) and cognitive aspects (correct grasp across spoon orientations) of self‐feeding. Novel findings highlight: (a) interesting differences in visual attention between children with TD or MI; (b) the role of hand‐preference in the correct grasping of the spoon(s) and effective self‐feeding; (c) the positive relation between motor and cognitive aspects of self‐feeding; and (d) that greater variability of self‐feeding behavior relates to improved performance of cognitive aspects of the task. These results identify challenging components of self‐feeding for children with MI that should be targeted by early interventions and assistive technologies aimed at increasing self‐feeding independence.
Song Feature Specific Analysis of Isolate Song Reveals Interspecific Variation in Learned Components
Authors: Love Jay , Hoepfner Amanda , Goller Franz 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStudies of avian vocal development without exposure to conspecific song have been conducted in many passerine species, and the resultant isolate song is often interpreted to represent an expression of the genetic code for conspecific song. There is wide recognition that vocal learning exists in oscine songbirds, but vocal learning has only been thoroughly investigated in a few model species, resulting in a narrow view of birdsong learning. By extracting acoustic signals from published spectrograms, we have reexamined the findings of isolate studies with a universally applicable semi‐automated quantitative analysis regimen. When song features were analyzed in light of three different production aspects (respiratory, syringeal, and central programming of sequence), all three show marked interspecific variability in how close isolate song features are to normal. This implies that song learning mechanisms are more variable than is commonly recognized. Our results suggest that the interspecific variation shows no readily observable pattern reflecting phylogeny, which has implications for understanding the mechanisms behind the evolution of avian vocal communication. We emphasize that song learning in passerines provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolution of a complex, plastic trait from a phylogenetic perspective.
Light detection and ranging explains diversity of plants, fungi, lichens, and bryophytes across multiple habitats and large geographic extent
Authors: Moeslund Jesper Erenskjold , Zlinszky András , Ejrnæs Rasmus , Brunbjerg Ane Kirstine , Bøcher Peder Klith , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Normand Signe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEffective planning and nature management require spatially accurate and comprehensive measures of the factors important for biodiversity. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) can provide exactly this, and is therefore a promising technology to support future nature management and related applications. However, until now studies evaluating the potential of LIDAR for this field have been highly limited in scope. Here, we assess the potential of LIDAR to estimate the local diversity of four species groups in multiple habitat types, from open grasslands and meadows over shrubland to forests and across a large area (~43,000 km2), providing a crucial step toward enabling the application of LIDAR in practice, planning, and policy‐making. We assessed the relationships between the species richness of macrofungi, lichens, bryophytes, and plants, respectively, and 25 LIDAR‐based measures related to potential abiotic and biotic diversity drivers. We used negative binomial generalized linear modeling to construct 19 different candidate models for each species group, and leave‐one‐region‐out cross validation to select the best models. These best models explained 49%, 31%, 32%, and 28% of the variation in species richness (R2) for macrofungi, lichens, bryophytes, and plants, respectively. Three LIDAR measures, terrain slope, shrub layer height and variation in local heat load, were important and positively related to the richness in three of the four species groups. For at least one of the species groups, four other LIDAR measures, shrub layer density, medium‐tree layer density, and variations in point amplitude and in relative biomass, were among the three most important. Generally, LIDAR measures exhibited strong associations to the biotic environment, and to some abiotic factors, but were poor measures of spatial landscape and temporal habitat continuity. In conclusion, we showed how well LIDAR alone can predict the local biodiversity across habitats. We also showed that several LIDAR measures are highly correlated to important biodiversity drivers, which are notoriously hard to measure in the field. This opens up hitherto unseen possibilities for using LIDAR for cost‐effective monitoring and management of local biodiversity across species groups and habitat types even over large areas.
Fine‐scale genetic structure and flowering output of the seagrass Enhalus acoroides undergoing disturbance
Authors: Yu Shuo , Wu Yunchao , Serrao Ester A. , Zhang Jingping , Jiang Zhijian , Huang Chi , Cui Lijun , Thorhaug Anitra , Huang Xiaoping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSeagrass are under great stress in the tropical coast of Asia, where Enhalus acoroides is frequently the dominant species with a large food web. Here, we investigate the question of the fine‐scale genetic structure of this ecologically important foundation species, subject to severe anthropogenic disturbance in China. The genetic structure will illuminate potential mechanisms for population dynamics and sustainability, which are critical for preservation of biodiversity and for decision‐making in management and restoration. We evaluated the fine‐scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) and flowering output of E. acoroides, and indirectly estimated the relative importance of sexual versus asexual reproduction for population persistence using spatial autocorrelation analysis. Results reveal high clonal diversity for this species, as predicted from its high sexual reproduction output. The stronger Sp statistic at the ramet‐level compared with genet‐level indicates that clonality increases the SGS pattern for E. acoroides. Significant SGS at the genet‐level may be explained by the aggregated dispersal of seed/pollen cohorts. The estimated gene dispersal variance suggests that dispersal mediated by sexual reproduction is more important than clonal growth in this study area. The ongoing anthropogenic disturbance will negatively affect the mating pattern and the SGS patterns in the future due to massive death of shoots, and less frequency of sexual reproduction.
The missing fire: quantifying human exclusion of wildfire in Pacific Northwest forests, USA
Authors: Haugo Ryan D. , Kellogg Bryce S. , Cansler C. Alina , Kolden Crystal A. , Kemp Kerry B. , Robertson James C. , Metlen Kerry L. , Vaillant Nicole M. , Restaino Christina M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWestern U.S. wildfire area burned has increased dramatically over the last half‐century. How contemporary extent and severity of wildfires compare to the pre‐settlement patterns to which ecosystems are adapted is debated. We compared large wildfires in Pacific Northwest forests from 1984 to 2015 to modeled historic fire regimes. Despite late twentieth‐century increases in area burned, we show that Pacific Northwest forests have experienced an order of magnitude less fire over 32 yr than expected under historic fire regimes. Within fires that have burned, severity distributions are disconnected from historical references. From 1984 to 2015, 1.6 M ha burned; this is 13.3–18.9 M ha less than expected. Deficits were greatest in dry forest ecosystems adapted to frequent, low‐severity fire, where 7.2–10.3 M ha of low‐severity fire was missing, compared to a 0.2–1.1 M ha deficit of high‐severity fire. When these dry forests do burn, we observed that 36% burned with high‐severity compared to 6–9% historically. We found smaller fire deficits, 0.3–0.6 M ha, within forest ecosystems adapted to infrequent, high‐severity fire. However, we also acknowledge inherent limitations in evaluating contemporary fire regimes in ecosystems which historically burned infrequently and for which fires were highly episodic. The magnitude of contemporary fire deficits and disconnect in burn severity compared to historic fire regimes have important implications for climate change adaptation. Within forests characterized by low‐ and mixed‐severity historic fire regimes, simply increasing wildfire extent while maintaining current trends in burn severity threatens ecosystem resilience and will potentially drive undesirable ecosystem transformations. Restoring natural fire regimes requires management that facilitates much more low‐ and moderate‐severity fire.