bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling Fluoride‐Forming Reactions for Improved Rate Capability in Lithium‐Perfluorinated Gas Conversion Batteries
Authors: Gao Haining , Li Yuanda , Guo Rui , Gallant Betar M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNonaqueous metal–gas batteries based on halogenated reactants exhibit strong potential for future high‐energy electrochemical systems. The lithium–sulfur hexafluoride (Li–SF6) primary battery, which utilizes a safe, noncombustible, energy‐dense gas as cathode, demonstrates attractive eight‐electron transfer reduction during discharge and high attainable capacities (>3000 mAh g−1carbon) at voltages above 2.2 VLi. However, improved rate capability is needed for practical applications. Here, two viable strategies are reported to achieve this by targeting the solubility of the passivating discharge product, lithium fluoride (LiF). Operating at moderately elevated temperatures, e.g., 50 °C, in DMSO dramatically improves LiF solubility and promotes sparser and larger LiF nuclei on gas diffusion layer electrodes, leading to capacity improvements of ≈10× at 120 µA cm−2. More aggressive chemical modification of the electrolyte by including a tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane anion receptor further promotes LiF solubilization; capacity increases even at room temperature by a factor of 25 at 120 µA cm−2, with attainable capacities up to 3 mAh cm−2. This work shows that bulk fluoride‐forming conversion reactions can be strongly manipulated by tuning the electrolyte environment to be solvating toward F−, and that significantly improved rates can be achieved, leading a step closer to practical applications.
Bacterial community structure and function distinguish gut sites in captive red‐shanked doucs (Pygathrix nemaeus)
Authors: Clayton Jonathan B. , Shields‐Cutler Robin R. , Hoops Susan L. , Al‐Ghalith Gabriel A. , Sha John C. M. , Johnson Timothy J. , Knights Dan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe mammalian order primates contains wide species diversity. Members of the subfamily Colobinae are unique amongst extant primates in that their gastrointestinal systems more closely resemble those of ruminants than other members of the primate order. In the growing literature surrounding nonhuman primate microbiomes, analysis of microbial communities has been limited to the hindgut, since few studies have captured data on other gut sites, including the foregut of colobine primates. In this study, we used the red‐shanked douc (Pygathrix nemaeus) as a model for colobine primates to study the relationship between gastrointestinal bacterial community structure and gut site within and between subjects. We analyzed fecal and pregastric stomach content samples, representative of the hindgut and foregut respectively, using 16S recombinant DNA (rDNA) sequencing and identified microbiota using closed‐reference operational taxonomic unit (OTU) picking against the GreenGenes database. Our results show divergent bacterial communities clearly distinguish the foregut and hindgut microbiomes. We found higher bacterial biodiversity and a higher Firmicutes:Bacteroides ratio in the hindgut as opposed to the foregut. These gut sites showed strong associations with bacterial function. Specifically, energy metabolism was upregulated in the hindgut, whereas detoxification was increased in the foregut. Our results suggest a red‐shanked douc's foregut microbiome is no more concordant with its own hindgut than it is with any other red‐shanked douc's hindgut microbiome, thus reinforcing the notion that the bacterial communities of the foregut and hindgut are distinctly unique.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded Open Materials and Open Data badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the IRIS Repository at https://www.iris-database.org/iris/app/home/detail?id=york:934328. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Mediated Semi‐Quantum Key Distribution Using Single Photons
Authors: Lin Po‐Hua , Tsai Chia‐Wei , Hwang Tzonelih 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA new mediated semi‐quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol is proposed, allowing two classical participants to share a secret key with the help of an untrusted third party, who only needs to generate single photons and perform Bell measurements. This is the first work attempting to reduce the quantum overhead of the untrusted third party, which makes the mediated SQKD even more practical. The proposed protocol is shown to be free from several well‐known attacks.
Adding hydroxyurea in combination with ruxolitinib improves clinical responses in hyperproliferative forms of myelofibrosis
Authors: Pugliese Novella , Giordano Claudia , Nappi Davide , Luciano Luigiana , Cerchione Claudio , Annunziata Mario , Casale Beniamino , Crisà Elena , Villa Maria Rosaria , Pezzullo Luca , Iovine Maria , Picardi Marco , Grimaldi Francesco , Pane Fabrizio , Martinelli Vincenzo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRuxolitinib, an orally bioavailable and selective inhibitor of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and JAK2, significantly reduces splenomegaly and disease‐related symptoms in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). However, no clear survival benefit has been demonstrated, which may in part reflect suboptimal drug exposure related to lower dosages needed to minimize hematological toxicity, specifically cytopenias. Furthermore, the optimal management of specific conditions such as leukocytosis or thrombocytosis in patients under ruxolitinib therapy is still undefined. In these cases, combining ruxolitinib with a cytoreductive agent like hydroxyurea might improve hematological response. This observational multi‐center study enrolled 20 adult patients with intermediate‐ or high‐risk primary MF, post‐ polycythemia vera MF, or postessential thrombocythemia MF with hyperproliferative manifestations of the disease and WBC and/or platelet counts not controlled by ruxolitinib therapy. The patients received treatment with a combination of ruxolitinib and hydroxyurea. A clinical response of any type was obtained in 8 patients (40%) during ruxolitinib monotherapy and in 17 patients (85%) during ruxolitinib‐hydroxyurea combination (P = 0.003). After a median duration of 12.4 months of combination therapy, 16/20 patients had a hematological response; 14/17 patients who had started combination therapy to control WBC count and 2/3 who started in order to reduce platelets count. The number of patients requiring ruxolitinib dosage reduction or discontinuations was lower during combination therapy and, at the end of follow‐up the median ruxolitinib dose was increased in 50% of patients. In conclusion, the combination of hydroxyurea with ruxolitinib yielded a high clinical response rate and increased ruxolitinib exposure in patients with hyperproliferative forms of MF.
Disordered eating and the perinatal period: A systematic review and best evidence synthesis of mental health and psychosocial correlates
Authors: Baskin Rachel , Galligan Roslyn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis paper systematically reviews the literature to date on the relationship between disordered eating and mental health, psychological and social factors during pregnancy and the post‐partum period, as well as the direction of associations.MethodsPeer reviewed articles were sourced from seven databases: PsycINFO, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, Academic Search Complete, Scopus (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and Proquest. A quality review and best evidence synthesis was conducted.ResultsThe final review included 11 prospective cohort and 14 cross sectional/retrospective studies. According to a synthesis of findings, a strong level of evidence supports an association between disordered eating during pregnancy and depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy. There was also a limited level of evidence for the association between disordered eating and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms during pregnancy and between disordered eating and depressive symptoms during the post‐partum period. No directions of associations could be determined.ConclusionsOn the basis of initial findings, it is recommended that depressive and anxiety symptoms be monitored in conjunction with any disordered eating concerns during perinatal care. Given the significance of the childbearing years to the health and well‐being of both mother and infant, further prospective cohort studies in this area are necessitated.
Numerical simulation of a coupled gas flow and geomechanics process in fractured coalbed methane reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Liehui , Lu Guang , Chang Chen , Wu Jianfa , Zhao Yulong , Liu Wentao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe pores and throats of coal seam are narrow, and the permeability is very low. It is a porous medium with complicated deformation mechanism. In the process of gas production, the change of stress, pore pressure, gas adsorption and desorption will lead to the change of grains, pore volume, and the seepage capacity of coal seam. Based on the theory of poroelastic and seepage mechanics, a physical model of fractured horizontal well and a coupled mathematic model of coal deformation and gas flow are established. The dynamic change model of permeability is deduced too. The development characteristics and laws of coalbed methane are numerically simulated by using numerical analysis software Comsol Multiphysics. Finally, the sensitivity of the key parameters in the model and the influence of the fracture parameters are analyzed. The results show that the application of fractured horizontal well is an effective measure to increase production of coalbed reservoirs; with the increase of Langmuir volumetric strain constant, fracture half‐length, and the numbers of fracture, the production of coalbed methane is increasing. In the case of constant total fracture length, number, and spacing, when fracture half‐lengths are long and short interlaced distribution, the production is the highest and it is the best fracture distribution pattern. The study provides a theoretical basis for the further study of coalbed deformation, gas migration, efficient, and rational development of coalbed methane reservoirs.
Better Guidance for Surrogates
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe March–April issue of the Hastings Center Report offers another in a series of articles over the last few years on the structure and the ethics of surrogate decision‐making. Here, Daniel Brudney addresses how to help the surrogate deal with a treatment decision. A core insight he offers is that the structure of the surrogate’s decision has been misunderstood and the misunderstanding makes the task yet harder. As usually understood, the surrogate is supposed to be guided by the question, what would the patient choose, if the patient were making the choice herself? Brudney argues that this conception is impossible, and that the surrogate’s task is instead to consider the patient’s best interests, as illuminated in part by the patient’s expressed values and past choices. This understanding leads, he argues, to a different guiding question: what could the patient choose, given her values?
Prediction of pharyngocutaneous fistula and survival after salvage laryngectomy for laryngohypopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Kim Yong Han , Roh Jong‐Lyel , Choi Seung‐Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the risk factors of pharyngocutaneous fistula development and poor survival after salvage laryngectomy.MethodsBinary logistic regression analyses were carried out to analyze the relationship between post‐salvage fistula development and variables. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to evaluate prognostic factors associated with disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) after salvage laryngectomy.ResultsMultivariate analyses showed that previous radiotherapy and pre‐salvage tracheostomy were the independent variables predictive of post‐salvage fistula development (all P < .05). The 5‐year DFS and OS rates were 58.8% and 45.9%, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that nodal positivity at salvage remained the independent factor predictive of both DFS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.83, P = .002) and OS (HR 2.22, P = .006).ConclusionsFistula development after salvage laryngectomy might be predicted by a history of radiotherapy or tracheostomy. Post‐salvage survival is associated with nodal positivity at salvage.Condensed AbstractThis study examined the risk factors of pharyngocutaneous fistula development and survival in 103 patients who underwent salvage laryngectomy. Previous radiotherapy and tracheostomy were the independent variables predictive of post‐salvage fistula development, and nodal positivity at salvage was the independent factor predictive of both disease‐free survival and overall survival.
New graphical methods for estimating aquifer hydraulic parameters using pumping tests with exponentially decreasing rates
Authors: Zhuang Chao , Zhou Zhifang , Zhan Hongbin , Wang Jinguo , Li Yabing , Dou Zhi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractActual pumping tests may involve continuously decreasing rates over a certain period of time, and the hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss) of the tested confined aquifer cannot be interpreted from the classical constant‐rate test model. In this study, we revisit the aquifer drawdown characteristics of a pumping test with an exponentially decreasing rate using the dimensionless analytical solution for such a variable‐rate model. The drawdown may decrease with time for a short period of time at intermediate pumping times for such pumping tests. A larger ratio of initial to final pumping rate and a smaller radial distance of the observation well will enhance the decreasing feature. A larger decay constant results in an earlier decrease, but it weakens the extent of such a decrease. Based on the proposed dimensionless transformation, we have proposed two graphical methods for estimating K and Ss of the tested aquifer. The first is a new type curve method that does not employ the well function as commonly done in standard type curve analysis. Another is a new analytic method that takes advantage of the decreasing features of aquifer drawdown during the intermediate pumping stage. We have demonstrated the applicability and robustness of the two new graphical methods for aquifer characterization through a synthetic pumping test.
Straightforward and Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of a New Set of Functionalized Dispiropyrrolidines Involving Multicomponent 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition with Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Boudriga Sarra , Elmhawech Besma , Moheddine Askri 
Published: April 2019

The diastereoselective synthesis of novel series of dispiropyrrolidines has been achieved by a one‐pot three‐component [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of (E)‐2‐arylideneindanones, glycine ethyl ester, and the cyclic diketones 1H‐indole‐2,3‐dione (isatin) or acenaphthenequinone. Moreover, we disclose an unprecedented epimerization of spiroadducts leading to a new family of dispiropyrrolidines with an unusual relative stereochemistry.
Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction coupled with pressure‐assisted electrokinetic injection for simultaneous enrichment of seven phenolic compounds in water samples followed by determination using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Ma Suya , Gao Fangfang , Lu Wenhui , Zhou Na , You Huiyan , Li Jinhua , Chen Lingxin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOffline dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction combined with online pressure‐assisted electrokinetic injection was developed to simultaneously enrich seven phenolic compounds in water samples, followed by determination using capillary electrophoresis, namely phenol, 4‐chlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol, 2,4‐dichlorophenol, 2‐chlorophenol, and 2,6‐dichlorophenol. Several parameters affecting separation performance of capillary electrophoresis and the enrichment efficiency of pressure‐assisted electrokinetic injection and dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction were systematically investigated. Under the optimal conditions, seven phenolic compounds were completely separated within 14 min and good enrichment factors were obtained of 61, 236, 3705, 3288, 920, 86, and 1807 for phenol, 4‐chlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol, 2,4‐dichlorophenol, 2‐chlorophenol, and 2,6‐dichlorophenol, respectively. Good linearity was attained in the range of 0.1–200 μg/L for 2,4‐dichlorophenol, 0.5–200 μg/L for 4‐chlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol, 2‐chlorophenol, and 2,6‐dichlorophenol, as well as 1–200 μg/L for phenol, with correlation coefficients (r) over 0.9905. The limits of detection and quantification ranging from 0.03–0.28 and 0.07–0.94 μg/L were attained. This two step enrichment method was potentially applicable for the rapid and simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in water samples.
A three‐dimensional heat transfer and thermal cracking model considering the effect of cracks on heat transfer
Authors: Yan Chengzeng , Jiao Yu‐Yong , Zheng Hong 
Published: April 2019

SummaryA simple three‐dimensional heat transfer model is developed to consider the hindering effect of cracks on heat transfer. The 3D heat transfer model can also be applied to numerical methods such as the combined finite‐discrete element method (FDEM), discrete element method (DEM), discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), the numerical manifold method (NMM), and the finite element method (FEM) to construct thermo‐mechanical coupling models that allow these methods to solve thermal cracking problems and dynamically consider the hindering effect of cracks on heat transfer. In the 3D heat transfer model, the continuous‐discontinuous medium is discretized into independent tetrahedral elements, and joint elements are inserted between adjacent tetrahedral elements. Heat transfer calculations for continuous‐discontinuous media are converted to heat conduction in tetrahedral elements and the heat exchange between the adjacent tetrahedral elements through the joint element. If the joint element between adjacent tetrahedral elements breaks (ie, a crack generates), the heat exchange coefficient of the joint element is reduced to account for the hindering effect of cracks on heat conduction. Then the model and the FDEM are combined to build a thermo‐mechanical coupling model to simulate thermal cracking. The thermally induced deformation, stress, and cracking are investigated by the thermo‐mechanical coupling model, and the numerical results are compared with analytical solutions or experimental results. The 3D heat transfer model and thermo‐mechanical model can provide a powerful tool for simulating heat transfer and thermal cracking in a continuous‐discontinuous medium.
High‐Stability MnOxNanowires@C@MnOxNanosheet Core–Shell Heterostructure Pseudocapacitance Electrode Based on Reversible Phase Transition Mechanism
Authors: Ma Zhipeng , Jing Fengyang , Fan Yuqian , Hou Liyin , Su Li , Fan Lukai , Shao Guangjie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA stable MnOx@C@MnOxcore–shell heterostructure consisting of vertical MnOxnanosheets grown evenly on the surface of the MnOx@carbon nanowires are obtained by simple liquid phase method combined with thermal treatment. The hierarchical MnOx@C@MnOxheterostructure electrode possesses a high specific capacitance of 350 F g−1and an excellent cycle performance owing to the existence of the pore structure among the ultrasmall MnOxnanoparticles and the rapid transmission of electrons between the active material and carbon coating layer. Particularly, according to the in situ Raman spectra analysis, no characteristic peaks corresponding to MnOOH are found during charging/discharging, indicating that pseudocapacitive behavior of the MnOxelectrode have no relevance to the intercalation/deintercalation of protons (H+) in the electrolyte. Further combining in situ X‐ray powder diffraction analysis, the diffraction peak of α‐MnO2can be detected in the process of charging, while Mn3O4phase is found in discharge products. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the MnOxundergoes a reversible phase transformation reaction of Mn3O4↔α‐MnO2. Moreover, the assembled all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor with a MnOx@C@MnOxelectrode delivers a high energy density of 23 Wh kg−1, an acceptable power density of 2500 W kg−1, and an excellent cyclic stability performance of 94% after 2000 cycles, showing the potential for practical application.
Responsive Porous Microcarriers With Controllable Oxygen Delivery for Wound Healing
Authors: Liu Yuxiao , Zhao Xin , Zhao Cheng , Zhang Hui , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicrocarriers with oxygen‐delivering capacity have attracted increasing interest in the field of tissue regeneration. Here, a kind of molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) integrated responsive porous microcarriers with controllable oxygen‐delivering ability for wound healing is presented. The specific gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa) porous microcarriers are derived from inverse opal microparticles which can be decorated with the oxygen‐carrying protein hemoglobin. Because of their characteristic porous structure, interconnected nanochannels, and excellent biocompatibility, the resultant microcarriers could carry oxygen extensively and provide support for tissue repair physically and biologically. Besides, since the typical photothermal effect of 2D materials and their derived 2D QDs, the inverse opal particles integrated with MoS2 QDs are imparted with photo‐responsive capacity, which makes them able to release oxygen photo‐controllably. It is demonstrated that the designed microcarriers can promote the repair of abdominal wall defects effectively with their multifunctional features. These remarkable properties point to the potential value of the microcarriers in wound healing and tissue engineering.
The Lost Art of the Book Talk: What Students Want
Authors: Batchelor Katherine E. , Cassidy Rebecca 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe authors share an activity in which two fifth‐grade teachers and one sixth‐grade teacher received book talk videos via Flipgrid from preservice literacy teachers and watched the videos with their students. Students responded with feedback and suggestions for how to better represent each book. The authors compiled and coded students' comments and created a checklist with six criteria, based on what the fifth and sixth graders suggested, that teachers can use when conducting book talks with their students.