bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erosional Response to Pleistocene Climate Changes in the Brazilian Highlands
Authors: Godard Vincent , Siame Lionel L. , Salgado Andre A. R. ,   ASTER Team
Published: November 2024

AbstractPlio‐Quaternary climatic changes are considered to be a key driver of landscape evolution, but many unresolved questions remain, such as the extent of the impact of major climatic shifts such as the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT). Various geochronological methods are available to infer changes in surface processes over the Plio‐Quaternary, and Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclides (TCN) have proven to be one of the most efficient tools to reconstruct paleo‐denudation. Implementing these approaches requires very specific conditions, such as well‐preserved and extensive sediment sequences. Developing alternative methods to document the evolution of denudation is thus of major interest to retrieve information on the evolution of denudation in places where recent detrital sediment records are absent. We explore the evolution of landscape erosion over a 1 Ma timescale in an intra‐cratonic setting, the Espinhaço mountain range (Brazil), with a new data set of detrital cosmogenic nuclide concentrations (26Al–10Be). We observe a systematic disequilibrium in the 26Al/10Be ratio, which we interpret as resulting from the combination of soil mixing and a significant increase in the intensity of surface processes, close to the MPT. We discuss the different scenarios with respect to available local and global data concerning the relationships between climate evolution and erosion over this time period. Our results have important implications for the interpretation of the denudation rates derived from TCN concentrations under steady states assumption, in landscapes with low erosion rates, which have a long memory for surface processes history.
Novel pharmacologic inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1 as a potential therapeutic for glioblastoma
Authors: Shinjo Keiko , Umehara Takashi , Niwa Hideaki , Sato Shin , Katsushima Keisuke , Sato Shinya , Wang Xingxing , Murofushi Yoshiteru , Suzuki Miho M. , Koyama Hiroo , Kondo Yutaka 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) is a pivotal epigenetic enzyme that contributes to several malignancies including malignant glioma. LSD1 is a flavin adenine dinucleotide dependent histone demethylase that specifically targets histone H3 lysine (K) 4 mono- (me1) and di-methylation (me2) and H3K9me1/2 for demethylation. Herein we report the development of an LSD inhibitor, S2172, which efficiently penetrates the blood-brain barrier. S2172 effectively suppresses LSD1 enzymatic activity, resulting in the depletion of cell growth both in vitro in glioma stem cells (GSCs) (mean half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 13.8 μM) and in vivo in a GSC orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Treatment with S2172 robustly reduced the expression of the stemness-related genes MYC and Nestin in GSC cells. Consistent with this, chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed a significant S2172-dependent alteration in H3K4me2/H3K4me3 status. Furthermore, we identified 284 newly acquired H3K4me2 peak regions after S2172 treatment, which were encompassed within super-enhancer regions. The altered H3K4me2/H3K4me3 status induced by S2172 treatment affected the expression of genes related to tumorigenesis. Our data suggest that targeting LSD1 with S2172 could provide a promising treatment option for glioblastomas, particularly due to targeting of GSC populations.
ΔNp63α promotes radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through the PLEC-KEAP1-NRF2 feedback loop
Authors: Tao Jin , Mao Mian , Lu Yuhai , Deng Liyuan , Yu Shuhan , Zeng Xiaofei , Jia Weikun , Wu Zhiqiang , Li Chenghua , Ma Ruidong , Chen Hu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers and is highly prevalent in China, exhibiting resistance to current treatments. ΔNP63α, the main isoform of p63, is frequently amplified in ESCC and contributes to therapeutic resistance, although the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report that ΔNP63α is highly expressed in ESCC and is associated with radioresistance by reducing ROS level. Furthermore, ΔNP63α plays a critical role in radioresistance by directly transactivating the expression of PLEC. PLEC competitively interacts with KEAP1, resulting in the release of NRF2 from KEAP1 and its translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus, where it activates gene expression to facilitate ROS elimination. Additionally, radiotherapy-induced ROS also activates ΔNP63α expression via NRF2. Pharmacologic inhibition of NRF2 effectively improves radiosensitivity in nude mice. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that the ΔNp63α/PLEC/NRF2 axis plays a key role in radioresistance in ESCC, indicating that targeting NRF2 is a promising therapeutic approach for ESCC treatment.
“I’m quite proud of how we’ve handled it”: health professionals’ experiences of returning additional findings from the 100,000 genomes project
Authors: Stafford-Smith Bethany , Gurasashvili Jana , Peter Michelle , Daniel Morgan , Balasubramanian Meena , Bownass Lucy , Brennan Paul , Cleaver Ruth , Clowes Virginia , Costello Philandra , DeSouza Bianca , Dubois Louise , Harrison Rachel , Hawkes Lara , Jones Elizabeth A. , Kraus Alison , McEntagart Meriel , Somarathi Suresh , Taylor Amy , Tripathi Vishakha , Chitty Lyn S. , Hill Melissa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractParticipants in the 100,000 Genomes Project (100kGP) could consent to receive additional finding (AF) results, individual variants relating to genes associated with susceptibility to cancer and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). In the study reported here, qualitative interviews were used to explore the experiences of National Health Service (NHS) professionals from across England who were tasked with returning over 80,000 “no AF” results and 700 positive AF results to 100kGP participants. Interviews were conducted with 45 professionals from a range of backgrounds, including Genetic Counsellors, Clinical Geneticists, FH Clinical Nurse Specialists and Clinical Scientists. Interviews were analysed using a codebook thematic analysis approach. Returning AF results has been a significant endeavour, with challenges for pathways, administrative processes and clinical and laboratory time when the capacity of NHS services is already stretched. Professionals discussed going “above and beyond” to prioritise patient care through pathway design, additional clinics, overtime, longer appointments and provision of follow-up appointments. Professionals also described facing practical and emotional challenges when returning AFs. Benefits for patients from receiving AFs in the 100kGP were highlighted and professionals were generally positive about offering clinically actionable AFs within routine NHS clinical care. Professionals were, however, cautious around the implementation of AFs into routine care and felt more research and discussion was needed to determine which AFs to offer, approaches to consent and communication of results, costs and the potential strain on NHS capacity and resources. Further consultation is required with careful review of pathways and resources before offering AFs in clinical practice.
Fast and light-efficient remote focusing for volumetric voltage imaging
Authors: Böhm Urs L. , Judkewitz Benjamin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVoltage imaging holds great potential for biomedical research by enabling noninvasive recording of the electrical activity of excitable cells such as neurons or cardiomyocytes. Camera-based detection can record from hundreds of cells in parallel, but imaging entire volumes is limited by the need to focus through the sample at high speeds. Remote focusing techniques can remedy this drawback, but have so far been either too slow or light-inefficient. Here, we introduce flipped image remote focusing, a remote focusing method that doubles the light efficiency compared to conventional beamsplitter-based techniques and enables high-speed volumetric voltage imaging at 500 volumes/s. We show the potential of our approach by combining it with light sheet imaging in the zebrafish spinal cord to record from >100 spontaneously active neurons in parallel.
Synergistic use of handcrafted and deep learning features for tomato leaf disease classification
Authors: Bouni Mohamed , Hssina Badr , Douzi Khadija , Douzi Samira 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research introduces a Computer-Aided Diagnosis-system designed aimed at automated detections & classification of tomato leaf diseases, combining traditional handcrafted features with advanced deep learning techniques. The system’s process encompasses preprocessing, feature extraction, feature fusion, and classification. It utilizes enhancement filters and segmentation algorithms to isolate with Regions-of-Interests (ROI) in images tomato leaves. These features based arranged in ABCD rule (Asymmetry, Borders, Colors, and Diameter) are integrated with outputs from a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) pretrained on ImageNet. To address data imbalance, we introduced a novel evaluation method that has shown to improve classification accuracy by 15% compared to traditional methods, achieving an overall accuracy rate of 92% in field tests. By merging classical feature engineering with modern machine learning techniques under mutual information-based feature fusion, our system sets a new standard for precision in agricultural diagnostics. Specific performance metrics showcasing the effectiveness of our approach in automated detection and classifying of tomato leaf disease.
Detectability of cytokine and chemokine using ELISA, following sample-inactivation using Triton X-100 or heat
Authors: Labossiere Erica Hofer , Gonzalez-Diaz Sandra , Enns Stephanie , Lopez Paul , Yang Xuefen , Kidane Biniam , Vazquez-Grande Gloria , Siddik Abu Bakar , Kung Sam Kam-Pun , Sandstrom Paul , Ravandi Amir , Ball T. Blake , Su Ruey-Chyi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClinical samples are routinely inactivated before molecular assays to prevent pathogen transmission. Antibody-based assays are sensitive to changes in analyte conformation, but the impact of inactivation on the analyte detectability has been overlooked. This study assessed the effects of commonly used inactivation-methods, Triton X-100 (0.5%) and heat (60 °C, 1 h), on cytokine/chemokine detection in plasma, lung aspirates, and nasopharyngeal samples. Heat significantly reduced analyte detectability in plasma (IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-16, VEGF, IL-7, TNF-β) by 33–99% (p ≤ 0.02), while Triton X-100 minimally affected analytes in plasma and nasopharyngeal samples (11–37%, p ≤ 0.04) and had no significant impact on lung aspirates. Structural analysis revealed that cytokines affected by heat had more hydrophobic residues and higher instability-indices. As the protein-detectability was affected differently in different sample types, the sample environment could also influence protein stability. This underscores the importance of selecting the most suitable inactivation methods for clinical samples to ensure accurate cytokine/chemokine analysis in both clinical and research settings.
Misalignment analysis of WPT level 3/Z2-class of CirPT with DDPR and CirPR for EVs stationary charging
Authors: Elymany Mahmoud M. , Mohamed Ahmed A. S. , Shaier Ahmed A. , Enany Mohamed A. , Metwally Hamid , Selem Sameh I. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFuture inductive charging ports must possess the capability to charge any electric vehicle (EV), irrespective of the specific coil architecture it is equipped with. This study examines the misalignment scenarios of the global circular pad at transmitter side (CirPT) with circular receiver pad (CirPR) and a double-D receiver pad (DDPR). The CirPT, CirPR, and DDPR configurations for WPT3 (11.1 kW) with ground clearance meeting the Z2-class specifications and above ground surface installation are built by utilizing circuit analysis and 3D-finite element simulations, as outlined by the Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) J2954 standard. The simulated designs are employed to determine the frequency (f) and the compensating network components (CNCs) required to achieve optimal power transfer efficiency while maintaining nominal power levels. The analysis of misalignment scenarios involves examining various performance factors, including coupling coefficient (k), transmission power (Po), efficiency (η), and leakage electromagnetic fields (EMFs). These factors are assessed under conditions of ideal alignment, as well as various linear and angular misalignments within the inductive charging system. The results demonstrate that both the CirPR and DDPR configurations can successfully interface with the CirPT to provide the required Po to the EV battery with commendable efficiency. In perfect alignment, the efficiencies are 95.10% for the CirPT-CirPR model and 91.60% for the CirPT-DDPR model. In maximum misalignment, the efficiencies are 87.10% for the CirPT-CirPR model and 89.50% for the CirPT-DDPR model, all exceeding the acceptable threshold of 80%.
Fabrication and assessment of performance of clay based ceramic membranes impregnated with CNTs in dye removal
Authors: Hamad Kareem H. , Abdallah Heba , Aly Sohair T. , Abobeah R. , Amin Sh. K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this research, flat disk clay-based ceramic membranes were fabricated and optimized for use in the treatment of wastewater contaminated with dye. The properties of the fabricated membranes were assessed to optimize the fabrication conditions, namely, the firing temperature (1150 °C, 1200 °C, and 1250 °C), soaking time (30 min and 60 min) and zeolite percentage (0%, 10%, and 20%). On the other hand, the rejection of methylene blue dye (MB) and acid fuchsin dye (AF) was studied. The surface of the optimal membrane support was modified using functionalized COOH-carbon nanotubes to increase the dye removal percentage. The fabricated membranes were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and XRF. The optimum membrane support was fabricated at 1150 °C, after 30 min of soaking and with 0% zeolite. The most suitable membrane support was found to be AF, as its rejection percentages reached 42% and 95% without and after surface modification, respectively. The surface of the membrane was examined via SEM, which revealed normally distributed pores. The average pore size of the final membrane was found to be 0.076 micrometers using a mercury porosimeter; thus, the produced membranes can be used in ultrafiltration applications. Finally, the fouling properties showed that the total fouling reached 72.8%, of which only 2.1% was irreversible.
Performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs at laboratory and field conditions
Authors: El-Gepaly Hosam M. K. H. , Abdelhameed Khaled M. A. , Shakl Shimaa Y. E. , Saleh Ahmed A. , Hafez Elsayed E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is a significant pest threatening crops like maize across Africa, necessitating sustainable pest management alternatives. This study evaluates the efficacy of Trichogramma evanescens as a biological control agent against FAW egg masses in Egypt under laboratory and semi-field conditions. FAW larvae were initially collected from infested maize fields and reared on castor-oil plant leaves. Meanwhile, T. evanescens was propagated using Sitotroga cerealella eggs as hosts. The host eggs, aged 18 to 24 h, were sterilized with UV light to prevent host development while maintaining suitability for parasitism. Using custom-designed parasitoid incubators and hemisphere clip-cages, experiments focused on various egg mass configurations, assessing the effects of scales and layering. Laboratory conditions were controlled at 25 ± 2ºC and 55 ± 5% relative humidity, while semi-field trials used large cages in maize fields to approximate natural conditions. The results showed that in laboratory settings, parasitism rates averaged 5.96%, 2.00%, and 1.56% for non-, average-, and dense-scale egg masses, respectively. For egg masses with varying layers, parasitism rates were 5.24% for single-layer, 3.09% for double-layer, and 1.18% for ple-layer, regardless of scale presence. In semi-field conditions, parasitism rates were 1.01% for single-layer, 1.13% for double-layer, and 0.59% for triple-layer egg masses. Correspondingly, parasitism rates for non-, average-, and dense-scale eggs were 1.85%, 0.60% and 0.27%. The study concludes that T. evanescens shows promise for integrated pest management programs; however, its effectiveness is constrained by physical and environmental variables. Optimizing the timing of parasitoid releases and selecting robust strains could enhance the effectiveness of biological control, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides in Egypt.
Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles from Cassia javanica flowers extract and their medical and agricultural applications
Authors: Soliman Mohamed K.Y. , Amin Mohamed Abdel-Aal , Nowwar Abdelatti Ibrahim , Hendy Mahmoud H. , Salem Salem S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNanostructured materials are advantageous within numerous fields of medicine owing to their intriguing qualities, which include their size, reactive surface, bioactivity, potential for modification, and optical characteristics. Cassia javanica flower extract was used as a chelating agent in an environmentally friendly process to create SeNPs FTIR, XRD, and TEM, SAED were utilized to analyze and characterize the synthesized. The findings showed that the MIC of Se NPs against B. subtilis and S. aureus was 500 µg/ml. Conversely, the MIC for P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans were 125, 250, and 62.5 µg/ml, respectively. Hence, SeNPs considerably reduced the activity; the inhibition peaked at 77.6% at 250 µg/ml to reach 49.04% at 7.8 µg/ml. Which showed the greatest suppression of MRSA biofilm formation without affecting bacterial growth. SeNPs showed an intriguing antioxidant capacity, achieving an IC50 of 53.34 µg/ml. This study looked how soaking seeds before sowing them with Se NPs at 50, 100, and 200 ppm affected the plants’ development in different parameters, as well as their yield of Vicia faba L. The growth conditions were effectively increased by soaking application of various quantities of Se NPs. The highest values of dry weight/pod (g), number of seeds/plant, weight of 100 seeds (g), and number of pods/plant were caused by high concentrations of Se NPs, by 28.43, 89.60, 18.20, and 94.11%, respectively.
Delineation of the reservoir petrophysical parameters from well logs validated by the core samples case study Sitra field, Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Hadeel , Mabrouk Walid M. , Metwally Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the northern section of the Western Desert, there are many extremely profitable petroleum and natural gas deposits in the Abu EL-Gharadig Basin. This study aims to highlight the hydrocarbon potential of Abu Roash F Formation, which stands for high organic content unconventional tight reservoirs, and Abu Roash G Formation which stands for conventional sand reservoirs, in Sitra field located in the central-western part of the Abu EL-Gharadig Basin. The research employed well-log data from four wells to ascertain petrophysical properties combined with core samples of two wells for a comprehensive examination and description of lithology. Initially, we commenced the execution of petrophysical analysis, encompassing log quality control procedures. Subsequently, we identified and revealed zones of interest and hydrocarbon indicators in both formations. Additionally, we ascertained the three most influential parameters, shale Volume, effective Porosity, and water saturation, which serve as defining factors for reservoir quality. Subsequently, an examination of the core samples, which encompassed lithologic description, lithofacies analysis, paleoenvironmental interpretation, petrographic analysis, and porosity assessment is conducted. For the sake of a more accurate interpretation, we conclude our research with cartographic maps created to evaluate the geographical distribution of hydrocarbon potential based on petrophysical characteristics, Distribution of the net-to-gross ratio among wells by correlating the litho-saturation models (rock models) for the four wells. The foregoing results declare that The Abu Roash F carbonate-rich rocks are a contender for unconventional tight oil reservoir potential with thin secondary porosity and high organic content, which normally requires a kind of hydraulic fracturing for prospective oil extraction, Furthermore, the upper section of Abu Roash G formation, particularly in well sitra8-03, has highly favorable conventional reservoir characteristics.
Capnodynamic assessment of mixed venous oxygen saturation in a porcine experimental endotoxemic model
Authors: Svedmyr Anders , Hedov Joakim , Lipcsey Miklos , Wallin Mats , Hallbäck Magnus , Lönnqvist Per-Arne , Karlsson Jacob 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSepsis continues to be a major cause of death and illness globally, posing significant challenges for healthcare professionals. In the pursuit of more accurate and timely monitoring tools, the concept of capnodynamically derived mixed venous oxygen saturation (Capno-SvO2) has emerged as a promising method. Capno-SvO2 provides a non-invasive way to assess and track SvO2 and could serve as an additional tool alongside more invasive methods like the pulmonary artery catheter. This could potentially be of great value in the care of critically ill patients with sepsis, where alternative minimal invasive monitoring methods may vary in reliability. The aim of the current study was to compare capno-SvO2 against values obtained through pulmonary artery blood sample CO-oximetry and continuous fiberoptic SvO2 monitoring, using a well-established porcine experimental sepsis model. Anesthetized pigs were exposed to a standardized endotoxin infusion sepsis protocol, followed by a series of maneuvers typically applied in sepsis care. Simultaneous recordings were done throughout the experiment for all three monitoring methods. Bland–Altman analysis corrected for repeated measurements was used to assess the agreement of absolute values between the paired recording of CO-oximetry and Capno-SvO2 as well as between CO-oximetry and fiberoptic SvO2. The ability of Capno-SvO2 and fiberoptic SvO2 to track changes was assessed by concordance rate. A total of 10 animals and 275 paired datapoints were included in the study. The majority of the animals displayed pronounced hemodynamical instability in response to endotoxin exposure and subsequent treatment interventions. Analysis of all paired data points showed a bias between Capno-SvO2 and CO-oximetry SvO2 of + 1% with 95% limits of agreement of -14% to + 17%. The corresponding numbers for fiberoptic SvO2 and CO-oximetry SvO2 were -4% and -15% to + 8%. The concordance rate as compared to CO-oximetry, were 97% and 93% for Capno-SvO2 and fiberoptic SvO2, respectively. In this experimental sepsis model, continuous, non-invasive Capno-SvO2 generates average absolute values comparable to the gold standard CO-oximetry albeit with relatively wide limits of agreement. Capno-SvO2 displayed a concordance rate of 97% against CO-oximetry and exhibits better trending ability compared to invasive fiberoptic SvO2.