bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling health literacy on conceptualizations of scientific literacy
Authors: Ploomipuu Inga , Holbrook Jack , Rannikmäe Miia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper recognizes the need to promote health literacy as the goal of health education for all, at all educational levels. It particularly explores the meaning of health literacy, based on the literature and seeks to put forward a new meaning, applicable for the general public with further considerations for healthcare professionals. The vision and scope of health literacy is promoted as the goal for health education, reflecting on a comparison with scientific literacy (SL) and science education. A model is proposed interrelating health education, health literacy, science education and science literacy and discusses areas where health literacy is seen as having attributes beyond SL. A revised definition of health literacy is proposed.
Beyond Credible Commitments: (Investment) Treaties as Focal Points
Authors: Skovgaard Poulsen Lauge N 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhy do states enter into treaties? In literature on the investment treaty regime, the dominant answer is that investment treaties provide credible commitments to foreign investors. This narrative provides valuable insights but cannot account for the historical origins of the treaties, where drafters explicitly decided to exclude “strong” dispute settlement provisions. Unlike modern-day investment treaties, the early investment treaty regime did not allow investors to file claims against host states through investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). Using historical evidence from three major capital-exporting states—the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany—the article shows that this was a conscious design choice. Rather than providing formal dispute settlement, sanctions, and penalties to make credible commitments, Western states intended investment treaties to serve as salient focal points for the informal resolution of investment disputes. The substantive obligations were expected to fulfil their coordinating role without the shadow of judicialized dispute settlement. The argument is not just of historical interest but has broader implications for literature on international economic law dominated by the credible commitment narrative, as well as the current political backlash against ISDS.
JEEA-FBBVA Lecture 2018: The Microeconomic Foundations of Aggregate Production Functions
Authors: Baqaee David Rezza , Farhi Emmanuel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAggregate production functions are reduced-form relationships that emerge endogenously from input–output interactions between heterogeneous producers and factors in general equilibrium. We provide a general methodology for analyzing such aggregate production functions by deriving their first- and second-order properties. Our aggregation formulas provide nonparametric characterizations of the macroelasticities of substitution between factors and of the macrobias of technical change in terms of microsufficient statistics. They allow us to generalize existing aggregation theorems and to derive new ones. We relate our results to the famous Cambridge–Cambridge controversy.
Life-History Data of a Mexican Population of Triatoma nitida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Martínez-Ibarra J Alejandro , Meraz-Medina Tzintli , Nogueda-Torres Benjamin , Villagrán-Herrera María E , de Diego-Cabrera Jose A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study reports the third collection of Triatoma nitida Usinger in Mexico, with a brief description of the collection area and an investigation of parameters related to its vectorial capacity. Whether a triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) species is a primary or secondary vector is determined by factors that include vectorial capacity, anthropophilic habits, geographic distribution, and capacity to invade and colonize human dwellings. However, when the primary vectors are removed, secondary vectors, such as T. nitida, can become important transmitters of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas to humans. To estimate the vectorial capacity of T. nitida, the egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals required to molt to the adult stage, accumulative mortality, onset time for feeding, and feeding and defecation times were examined. Triatoma nitida (n = 100) required a median of 590 d to complete its development time, with a median of 31 blood meals. Almost half (46.5%) of the nymphs died during the cycle. The onset of feeding time exceeded 5 min in all nymphal instars (except on fourth-instar) and adults and feeding times exceeded 22 min in all instars, except on first-instar nymphs. No defecation was observed for 65.6% (n = 383) of the triatomines during a 30-min observation period. Based on the six parameters, the vectorial capacity of T. nitida should be considered as low. However, surveillance programs should include this species because the potential importance of T. nitida as a vector has been demonstrated in other countries.
Susceptibility Status of Bedbugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Against Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Insecticides in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Baraka Germana T , Nyundo Bruno A , Thomas Adelina , Mwang’onde Beda J , Kweka Eliningaya J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cimex hemipterus resistance to residual insecticides is a growing public health concern worldwide. Herein, we report the susceptibility status of C. hemipterus against pyrethroid (permethrin) and organophosphate (dichlorvos) insecticides in Dar es Salaam. The knockdown efficacy of dichlorvos (99%) was greater than that of permethrin (43%), and mortality at the end of 24 h was also greater for dichlorvos than for permethrin. Mortality in recommended concentration of permethrin was lower than manufacturer’s expectations. In contrast, similar concentrations in dichlorvos resulted into mortality of 100% at the end of 24 h. LC50 and LC95 values for permethrin were 3.36 (2.356–4.364) and 2,887.39 (2,886.37–2,888.39), respectively, whereas those of dichlorvos were 7.91 (3.85–11.97) and 44.39 (40.33–48.45). Dar es Salaam city has high coverage and usage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) for prevent malaria. The resistance in bedbugs to permethrin may be related to the widespread use of the insecticide in LLINs. We recommend of the change from pyrethroids dichlorvos for the control of bedbugs.
Developing an Algorithm for Combining Race and Ethnicity Data Sources in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Hernandez Susan E , Sylling Philip W , Mor Maria K , Fine Michael J , Nelson Karin M , Wong Edwin S , Liu Chuan-Fen , Batten Adam J , Fihn Stephan D , Hebert Paul L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Racial/ethnic disparities exist in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), despite financial barriers to care being largely mitigated and Veterans Administration’s (VA) organizational commitment to health equity. Accurately identifying minority veterans is critical to monitoring progress toward equity as the VHA treats an increasingly racially and ethnically diverse veteran population. Although the VHA’s completeness of race and ethnicity data is generally better than its public sector and private counterparts, the accuracy of the race and ethnicity in the various databases available to VHA is variable, as is the accuracy in identifying specific minority groups. The purpose of this article was to develop an algorithm for constructing race and ethnicity variables from data sources available to VHA researchers, to present demographic differences cross the data sources, and to apply the algorithm to one study year.

Materials and Methods
We used existing VHA survey data from the Survey of Healthcare Experiences of Patients (SHEP) and three commonly used administrative databases from 2003 to 2015: the VA Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW), VA Defense Identity Repository (VADIR), and Medicare. Using measures of agreement such as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and Cohen kappa, we compared self-reported race and ethnicity from the SHEP and each of the other data sources. Based on these results, we propose an algorithm for combining data on race and ethnicity from these datasets. We included VHA patients who completed a SHEP and had race/ethnicity recorded in CDW, VADIR, and/or Medicare.

Results
Agreement between SHEP and other sources was high for Whites and Blacks and substantially lower for other minority groups. The CDW demonstrated better agreement than VADIR or Medicare.

Conclusions
We developed an algorithm of data source precedence in the VHA that improves the accuracy of the identification of historically under-identified minorities: (1) SHEP, (2) CDW, (3) Department of Defense’s VADIR, and (4) Medicare.
New observational constraints on interacting dark energy using galaxy clusters virial equilibrium states
Authors: Le Delliou M , Marcondes R J F , Lima Neto G B 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe nature of the dark sector components of the Universe still remains one of the largest unknown. Among many possibilities, it has been speculated that dark matter and dark energy may be more tightly coupled than usually thought, one component interacting with the other. Here, we continue to explore the possible dark sector interaction through means of the Layzer–Irvine equation together with a model of an interacting dark sector applied to clusters of galaxies. We have selected galaxy clusters that have their mass profiles determined by gravitational lensing effect (optical observations) and have their intracluster gas temperatures measured from X-ray observations and spectral fit found in the literature. Using a simple model based on semi-analytical simulations, we derived a putative dynamical evolution of the clusters and used it to estimate the coupling parameter of the dark sector interaction. Through a Bayesian analysis, we obtain a 3σ detection of the interaction strength for 11 clusters at −0.027 ± 0.009 that translates in a compounded Universal equilibrium virial ratio, U/T, of $-0.61^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$. We note that the X-ray temperature determination is sometimes inconsistent, depending on the instrument and/or methodology used. The level of detection and these inconsistencies call for caution. We expect that future observations will give us a clearer indication of an eventual dark sector interaction.
Early multiwavelength analysis of the recurrent nova V745 Sco
Authors: Delgado L , Hernanz M 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
In recent years, several nova explosions have been detected by Fermi/LAT at E &gt; 100 MeV, mainly early after the explosion and for a short period of time. The first evidence of particle acceleration in novae was found in the 2006 eruption of RS Oph to explain the faster than expected deceleration of the blast wave. As a consequence, emission of high-energy gamma-rays mainly from neutral pion decay and inverse Compton scattering is expected. We aim to understand the early shock evolution, when acceleration of particles can take place, in nova explosions. To achieve this goal, we perform a multiwavelength study of the 2014 outburst of V745 Sco, a symbiotic recurrent nova similar to RS Oph. The analysis of early Swift/XRT observations, simultaneous to the tentative Fermi detection, is combined with Chandra and NuStar data, to get a global picture of the nova ejecta and the red giant wind evolution. Early radio and IR data are also compiled, providing information about the forward shock velocity and its magnetic field. The comparison with the plasma properties of RS Oph shows striking similarities, such as the skipping of the adiabatic phase occurring in supernova remnants, a hint of particle acceleration. The multiwavelength study of V745 Sco provides new insights into the evolution of the hot plasma in novae and its interaction with the circumstellar material, a powerful tool to understand the nature of the high-energy gamma-ray emission from symbiotic recurrent novae.
Imprints of mass accretion history on the shape of the intracluster medium and the TX–M relation
Authors: Chen Huanqing , Avestruz Camille , Kravtsov Andrey V , Lau Erwin T , Nagai Daisuke 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We use a statistical sample of galaxy clusters from a large cosmological N-body + hydrodynamics simulation to examine the relation between morphology, or shape, of the X-ray emitting intracluster medium (ICM) and the mass accretion history of the galaxy clusters. We find that the mass accretion rate (MAR) of a cluster is correlated with the ellipticity of the ICM. The correlation is largely driven by material accreted in the last ∼4.5 Gyr, indicating a characteristic time-scale for relaxation of cluster gas. Furthermore, we find that the ellipticity of the outer regions (R ∼ R500c) of the ICM is correlated with the overall MAR of clusters, while ellipticity of the inner regions (≲0.5 R500c) is sensitive to recent major mergers with mass ratios of ≥1:3. Finally, we examine the impact of variations in cluster mass accretion history on the X-ray observable–mass scaling relations. We show that there is a continuous anticorrelation between the residuals in the TX–M relation and cluster MARs, within which merging and relaxed clusters occupy extremes of the distribution rather than form two peaks in a bimodal distribution, as was often assumed previously. Our results indicate that the systematic uncertainties in the X-ray observable–mass relations can be mitigated by using the information encoded in the apparent ICM ellipticity.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: rules of behaviour for spin-ellipticity radial tracks in galaxies
Authors: Rawlings Alexander , Foster Caroline , van de Sande Jesse , Taranu Dan S , Croom Scott M , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Brough Sarah , Bryant Julia J , Colless Matthew , Lagos Claudia del P , Konstantopoulos Iraklis S , Lawrence Jon S , López-Sánchez Ángel R , Lorente Nuria P F , Medling Anne M , Oh Sree , Owers Matt S , Richards Samuel N , Scott Nicholas , Sweet Sarah M , Yi Sukyoung K 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We study the behaviour of the spin-ellipticity radial tracks for 507 galaxies from the Sydney AAO Multiobject Integral Field (SAMI) Galaxy Survey with stellar kinematics out to ≥1.5Re. We advocate for a morpho-dynamical classification of galaxies, relying on spatially resolved photometric and kinematic data. We find the use of spin-ellipticity radial tracks is valuable in identifying substructures within a galaxy, including embedded and counter-rotating discs, that are easily missed in unilateral studies of the photometry alone. Conversely, bars are rarely apparent in the stellar kinematics but are readily identified on images. Consequently, we distinguish the spin-ellipticity radial tracks of seven morpho-dynamical types: elliptical, lenticular, early spiral, late spiral, barred spiral, embedded disc, and 2σ galaxies. The importance of probing beyond the inner radii of galaxies is highlighted by the characteristics of galactic features in the spin-ellipticity radial tracks present at larger radii. The density of information presented through spin-ellipticity radial tracks emphasizes a clear advantage to representing galaxies as a track, rather than a single point, in spin-ellipticity parameter space.
The multiphase gas structure and kinematics in the circumnuclear region of NGC 5728
Authors: Shimizu T Taro , Davies R I , Lutz D , Burtscher L , Lin M , Baron D , Davies R L , Genzel R , Hicks E K S , Koss M , Maciejewski W , Müller-Sánchez F , Orban de Xivry G , Price S H , Ricci C , Riffel R , Riffel R A , Rosario D , Schartmann M , Schnorr-Müller A , Sternberg A , Sturm E , Storchi-Bergmann T , Tacconi L , Veilleux S 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We report on our combined analysis of HST, VLT/MUSE, VLT/SINFONI, and ALMA observations of the local Seyfert 2 galaxy, NGC 5728 to investigate in detail the feeding and feedback of the active galactic nucleus (AGN). The data sets simultaneously probe the morphology, excitation, and kinematics of the stars, ionized gas, and molecular gas over a large range of spatial scales (10 pc to 10 kpc). NGC 5728 contains a large stellar bar that is driving gas along prominent dust lanes to the inner 1 kpc where the gas settles into a circumnuclear ring. The ring is strongly star forming and contains a substantial population of young stars as indicated by the lowered stellar velocity dispersion and gas excitation consistent with H ii regions. We model the kinematics of the ring using the velocity field of the CO (2–1) emission and stars and find it is consistent with a rotating disc. The outer regions of the disc, where the dust lanes meet the ring, show signatures of inflow at a rate of 1 M$\odot$ yr−1. Inside the ring, we observe three molecular gas components corresponding to the circular rotation of the outer ring, a warped disc, and the nuclear stellar bar. The AGN is driving an ionized gas outflow that reaches a radius of 250 pc with a mass outflow rate of 0.08 M$\odot$ yr−1 consistent with its luminosity and scaling relations from previous studies. While we observe distinct holes in CO emission which could be signs of molecular gas removal, we find that largely the AGN is not disrupting the structure of the circumnuclear region.
Analysis of spiral structure in the accretion disc of the nova-like cataclysmic variable EC21178–5417
Authors: Ruiz-Carmona R , Khangale Z N , Woudt P A , Groot P J 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We present an extensive Doppler tomography study of the eclipsing nova-like EC21178–5417, which exhibits the classic accretion disc signature in the form of double-peak emission lines in its spectrum. Doppler tomograms confirm the presence of a strong, two-armed spiral pattern visible in the majority of the spectral lines studied. This makes EC21178–5417 one of the very few nova-likes that show spiral structure in their discs. We also report night-to-night changes in the position and relative strength of the spiral arms, revealing fluctuations on the conditions in the accretion disc.
Learning the relationship between galaxies spectra and their star formation histories using convolutional neural networks and cosmological simulations
Authors: Lovell Christopher C , Acquaviva Viviana , Thomas Peter A , Iyer Kartheik G , Gawiser Eric , Wilkins Stephen M 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a new method for inferring galaxy star formation histories (SFH) using machine learning methods coupled with two cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. We train convolutional neural networks to learn the relationship between synthetic galaxy spectra and high-resolution SFHs from the eagle and Illustris models. To evaluate our SFH reconstruction we use Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE), which acts as a true percentage error in the low error regime. On dust-attenuated spectra we achieve high test accuracy (median SMAPE = 10.5 per cent). Including the effects of simulated observational noise increases the error (12.5 per cent), however this is alleviated by including multiple realizations of the noise, which increases the training set size and reduces overfitting (10.9 per cent). We also make estimates for the observational and modelling errors. To further evaluate the generalization properties we apply models trained on one simulation to spectra from the other, which leads to only a small increase in the error (median SMAPE $\sim 15{\,{\rm {per\, cent}}}$). We apply each trained model to SDSS DR7 spectra, and find smoother histories than in the $\textsf{vespa}$ catalogue. This new approach complements the results of existing spectral energy distribution fitting techniques, providing SFHs directly motivated by the results of the latest cosmological simulations.
Using HARPS-N to characterize the long-period planets in the PH-2 and Kepler-103 systems
Authors: Dubber Sophie C , Mortier Annelies , Rice Ken , Nava Chantanelle , Malavolta Luca , Giles Helen , Coffinet Adrien , Charbonneau David , Vanderburg Andrew , Bonomo Aldo S , Boschin Walter , Buchhave Lars A , Cameron Andrew Collier , Cosentino Rosario , Dumusque Xavier , Ghedina Adriano , Harutyunyan Avet , Haywood Raphaëlle D , Latham David , López-Morales Mercedes , Micela Giusi , Molinari Emilio , Pepe Francesco A , Phillips David , Piotto Giampaolo , Poretti Ennio , Sasselov Dimitar , Sozzetti Alessandro , Udry Stéphane 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We present confirmation of the planetary nature of PH-2b, as well as the first mass estimates for the two planets in the Kepler-103 system. PH-2b and Kepler-103c are both long-period and transiting, a sparsely populated category of exoplanets. We use Kepler light-curve data to estimate a radius, and then use HARPS-N radial velocities to determine the semi-amplitude of the stellar reflex motion and, hence, the planet mass. For PH-2b we recover a 3.5σ mass estimate of $M_\mathrm{ p} = 109^{+30}_{-32}$ M⊕ and a radius of Rp = 9.49 ± 0.16 R⊕. This means that PH-2b has a Saturn-like bulk density and is the only planet of this type with an orbital period P &gt; 200 d that orbits a single star. We find that Kepler-103b has a mass of $M_{\text{p,b}} = 11.7^{+4.31}_{-4.72}$ M⊕ and Kepler-103c has a mass of $M_{\text{p,c}} = 58.5^{+11.2}_{-11.4}$ M⊕. These are 2.5σ and 5σ results, respectively. With radii of $R_{\text{p,b}} = 3.49^{+0.06}_{-0.05}$ R⊕ and $R_{\text{p,c}} = 5.45^{+0.18}_{-0.17}$ R⊕, these results suggest that Kepler-103b has a Neptune-like density, while Kepler-103c is one of the highest density planets with a period P &gt; 100 d. By providing high-precision estimates for the masses of the long-period, intermediate-mass planets PH-2b and Kepler-103c, we increase the sample of long-period planets with known masses and radii, which will improve our understanding of the mass–radius relation across the full range of exoplanet masses and radii.
The International Pulsar Timing Array: second data release
Authors: Perera B B P , DeCesar M E , Demorest P B , Kerr M , Lentati L , Nice D J , Osłowski S , Ransom S M , Keith M J , Arzoumanian Z , Bailes M , Baker P T , Bassa C G , Bhat N D R , Brazier A , Burgay M , Burke-Spolaor S , Caballero R N , Champion D J , Chatterjee S , Chen S , Cognard I , Cordes J M , Crowter K , Dai S , Desvignes G , Dolch T , Ferdman R D , Ferrara E C , Fonseca E , Goldstein J M , Graikou E , Guillemot L , Hazboun J S , Hobbs G , Hu H , Islo K , Janssen G H , Karuppusamy R , Kramer M , Lam M T , Lee K J , Liu K , Luo J , Lyne A G , Manchester R N , McKee J W , McLaughlin M A , Mingarelli C M F , Parthasarathy A P , Pennucci T T , Perrodin D , Possenti A , Reardon D J , Russell C J , Sanidas S A , Sesana A , Shaifullah G , Shannon R M , Siemens X , Simon J , Spiewak R , Stairs I H , Stappers B W , Swiggum J K , Taylor S R , Theureau G , Tiburzi C , Vallisneri M , Vecchio A , Wang J B , Zhang S B , Zhang L , Zhu W W , Zhu X J 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we describe the International Pulsar Timing Array second data release, which includes recent pulsar timing data obtained by three regional consortia: the European Pulsar Timing Array, the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves, and the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array. We analyse and where possible combine high-precision timing data for 65 millisecond pulsars which are regularly observed by these groups. A basic noise analysis, including the processes which are both correlated and uncorrelated in time, provides noise models and timing ephemerides for the pulsars. We find that the timing precisions of pulsars are generally improved compared to the previous data release, mainly due to the addition of new data in the combination. The main purpose of this work is to create the most up-to-date IPTA data release. These data are publicly available for searches for low-frequency gravitational waves and other pulsar science.