bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cause‐specific mortality among Medicare beneficiaries with newly diagnosed non‐Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Hester Laura L. , Park Steven I. , Wood William A. , Stürmer Til , Brookhart M. Alan , Lund Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs the US population ages and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)–specific mortality declines, deaths from causes other than NHL will become increasingly important in treatment decision making for older patients with NHL. The objective of the current study was to describe how the 5‐year cumulative incidence of NHL‐specific and other‐cause mortality varies by subtype, age, comorbidity level, and time since diagnosis in older patients.MethodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry data linked to Medicare claims, patients aged ≥66 years were identified at the time of diagnosis with a first, primary NHL diagnosis from 2004 through 2013. Death certificate data and Fine‐Gray competing risks models were used to estimate the 5‐year cumulative incidence of NHL‐specific and other‐cause mortality by NHL subtype, age, and comorbidity level. Estimates were displayed over time using stacked cumulative incidence curves.ResultsAmong 30,666 patients with NHL, 32% died of NHL and 13% died of other causes within 5 years of diagnosis. The cumulative incidence of other‐cause mortality increased with age and comorbidity level for all subtypes. Among patients with aggressive NHL subtypes, NHL‐specific mortality exceeded other‐cause mortality across all age groups, comorbidity levels, and number of years after diagnosis. For patients with indolent NHL subtypes, other‐cause mortality was similar to or exceeded NHL‐specific mortality, especially among older patients with severe comorbidity or with the indolent marginal zone, lymphoplasmacytic, and mycosis fungoides subtypes.ConclusionsThe findings of the current study suggest that mortality from causes other than NHL are important for patients of an older age, with a higher comorbidity level, and with indolent disease. Evidence from the current study can guide the development of tools for estimating individual prognosis that inform treatment discussions in patients with NHL.
Bilateral projections to the thalamus from individual neurons in the inferior colliculus
Authors: Mellott Jeffrey G. , Beebe Nichole L. , Schofield Brett R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe medial geniculate body (MG) receives a large input from the ipsilateral inferior colliculus (IC) and a smaller but substantial input from the contralateral IC. Both crossed and uncrossed inputs comprise a large percentage of glutamatergic cells and a smaller percentage of GABAergic cells. We used double labeling with fluorescent retrograde tracers to identify individual IC cells that project bilaterally to the MGs in adult guinea pigs. We also used immunohistochemistry for glutamic acid decarboxylase to distinguish GABAergic from glutamatergic cells that project bilaterally to the MG. We found cells in the IC that contained both retrograde tracers, indicating that they project bilaterally. Across cases, the bilaterally projecting cells constituted up to 37% of the cells that project to the ipsilateral MG and up to 73% of the cells that project to the contralateral MG. GABAergic cells averaged 20% of the bilaterally‐projecting population. We conclude that a population of IC cells sends branching axonal projections to innervate the MG bilaterally. Most of the neurons in this population are glutamatergic, with a minority that are GABAergic. A mixed projection, with glutamatergic cells outnumbering GABAergic cells, originates from each of the major IC subdivisions (central nucleus, dorsal cortex, and lateral cortex). The bilaterally projecting cells are likely to serve functions different from the larger unilateral projections, perhaps synchronizing activity on the two sides of the auditory brain.
Superoxide Decay Pathways in Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Carbon‐Based Catalysts Evidenced by Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Li Yuhang , Qiao Zhiwei , Cao Yonghai , Wang Hongjuan , Liang Hong , Yu Hao , Peng Feng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSuperoxide decay behavior is evaluated by contrastive potential energy surface analyses from theoretical calculations. The presence of carbon surfaces enhances the superoxide decay through disproportionation instead of electroreduction, which is a non‐electrochemical reaction that impedes the increase in energy efficiency for relevant energy conversion applications. Nitrogen doping of carbon effectively retards the disproportionation by influencing the oxygen stretching vibration and changing the proton‐coupled electron transfer trend.
A Highly Effective Route to Si−O−Si Moieties through O‐Silylation of Silanols and Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Silanols with Disilazanes
Authors: Kuciński Krzysztof , Hreczycho Grzegorz 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA simple and highly practical catalyst‐free O‐silylation of silanols with commercially available disilazanes has been developed under mild conditions. In the case of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) silanols and some other silanols, it was necessary to use catalytic amounts of inexpensive Bi(OTf)3 as additional catalyst. This efficient chlorine‐free protocol involves the synthesis of a wide range of important organosilicon derivatives such as unsymmetrical disiloxanes and functionalized silsesquioxanes.
Connecting paths between juvenile and adult habitats in the Atlantic green turtle using genetics and satellite tracking
Authors: Chambault Philippine , de Thoisy Benoît , Huguin Maïlis , Martin Jordan , Bonola Marc , Etienne Denis , Gresser Julie , Hiélard Gaëlle , Mailles Julien , Védie Fabien , Barnerias Cyrille , Sutter Emmanuel , Guillemot Blandine , Dumont‐Dayot Émilie , Régis Sidney , Lecerf Nicolas , Lefebvre Fabien , Frouin Cédric , Aubert Nathalie , Guimera Christelle , Bordes Robinson , Thieulle Laurent , Duru Matthieu , Bouaziz Myriam , Pinson Adrien , Flora Frédéric , Queneherve Patrick , Woignier Thierry , Allenou Jean‐Pierre , Cimiterra Nicolas , Benhalilou Abdelwahab , Murgale Céline , Maillet Thomas , Rangon Luc , Chanteux Noémie , Chanteur Bénédicte , Béranger Christelle , Le Maho Yvon , Petit Odile , Chevallier Damien 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough it is commonly assumed that female sea turtles always return to the beach they hatched, the pathways they use during the years preceding their first reproduction and their natal origins are most often unknown, as it is the case for juvenile green turtles found in Martinique waters in the Caribbean. Given the oceanic circulation of the Guiana current flowing toward Martinique and the presence of important nesting sites for this species in Suriname and French Guiana, we may assume that a large proportion of the juvenile green turtles found in Martinique are originating from the Suriname–French Guiana beaches. To confirm this hypothesis, we performed mixed stock analysis (MSA) on 40 green turtles sampled in Martinique Island and satellite tracked 31 juvenile green turtles tagged in Martinique to (a) assess their natal origin and (b) identify their destination. Our results from MSA confirm that these juveniles are descendant from females laying on several Caribbean and Atlantic beaches, mostly from Suriname and French Guiana, but also from more southern Brazilian beaches. These results were confirmed by the tracking data as the 10 turtles leaving Martinique headed across the Caribbean–Atlantic region in six different directions and 50% of these turtles reached the Brazilian foraging grounds used by the adult green turtles coming from French Guiana. One turtle left the French Guianan coast to perform the first transatlantic migration ever recorded in juvenile green turtles, swimming toward Guinea‐Bissau, which is the most important nesting site for green turtles along the African coast. The extensive movements of the migrant turtles evidenced the crossing of international waters and more than 25 exclusive economic zones, reinforcing the need for an international cooperative network to ensure the conservation of future breeders in this endangered species.
Functional connectivity and home range inferred at a microgeographic landscape genetics scale in a desert‐dwelling rodent
Authors: Flores‐Manzanero Alejandro , Luna‐Bárcenas Madisson A. , Dyer Rodney J. , Vázquez‐Domínguez Ella 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGene flow in animals is limited or facilitated by different features within the landscape matrix they inhabit. The landscape representation in landscape genetics (LG) is traditionally modeled as resistance surfaces (RS), where novel optimization approaches are needed for assigning resistance values that adequately avoid subjectivity. Also, desert ecosystems and mammals are scarcely represented in LG studies. We addressed these issues by evaluating, at a microgeographic scale, the effect of landscape features on functional connectivity of the desert‐dwelling Dipodomys merriami. We characterized genetic diversity and structure with microsatellites loci, estimated home ranges and movement of individuals using telemetry—one of the first with rodents, generated a set of individual and composite environmental surfaces based on hypotheses of variables influencing movement, and assessed how these variables relate to individual‐based gene flow. Genetic diversity and structure results evidenced a family‐induced pattern driven by first‐order‐related individuals, notably determining landscape genetic inferences. The vegetation cover and soil resistance optimized surface (NDVI) were the best‐supported model and a significant predictor of individual genetic distance, followed by humidity and NDVI+humidity. Based on an accurate definition of thematic resolution, we also showed that vegetation is better represented as continuously (vs. categorically) distributed. Hence, with a nonsubjective optimization framework for RS and telemetry, we were able to describe that vegetation cover, soil texture, and climatic variables influence D. merriami's functional connectivity at a microgeographic scale, patterns we could further explain based on the home range, habitat use, and activity observed between sexes. We describe the relationship between environmental features and some aspects of D. merriami‘s behavior and physiology.
Temporal stability and assignment power of adaptively divergent genomic regions between herring (Clupea harengus) seasonal spawning aggregations
Authors: Kerr Quentin , Fuentes‐Pardo Angela P. , Kho James , McDermid Jenni L. , Ruzzante Daniel E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAtlantic herring (Clupea harengus), a vital ecosystem component and target of the largest Northwest Atlantic pelagic fishery, undergo seasonal spawning migrations that result in elusive sympatric population structure. Herring spawn mostly in fall or spring, and genomic differentiation was recently detected between these groups. Here we used a subset of this differentiation, 66 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to analyze the temporal dynamics of this local adaptation and the applicability of SNP subsets in stock assessment. We showed remarkable temporal stability of genomic differentiation corresponding to spawning season, between samples taken a decade apart (2005 N = 90 vs. 2014 N = 71) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and new evidence of limited interbreeding between spawning components. We also examined an understudied and overexploited herring population in Bras d'Or lake (N = 97); using highly reduced SNP panels (NSNPs > 6), we verified little‐known sympatric spawning populations within this unique inland sea. These results describe consistent local adaptation, arising from asynchronous reproduction in a migratory and dynamic marine species. Our research demonstrates the efficiency and precision of SNP‐based assessments of sympatric subpopulations; and indeed, this temporally stable local adaptation underlines the importance of such fine‐scale management practices.
Bottom‐up trait‐mediated indirect effects decrease pathogen transmission in a tritrophic system
Authors: Elderd Bret D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA plant's induction of secondary defenses helps to decrease herbivore damage by changing resource quality. While these chemical or physical defenses may directly decrease herbivory, they can also have indirect consequences. In a tritrophic system consisting of a plant, an insect herbivore, and an insect pathogen, plant based trait‐mediated indirect effects (TMIEs) can alter host–pathogen interactions and, thereby, indirectly affect disease transmission. In a series of field experiments, individual soybean plants (Glycine max) were sprayed with either a jasmonic acid (JA) solution to trigger induction of plant defenses or a similar control compound. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae along with varying amounts of a lethal baculovirus were placed on the plants to measure transmission. Induction of plant defenses decreased viral transmission due to increased population heterogeneity arising from changes in individual susceptibility. The change in susceptibility via TMIEs was driven by a decrease in feeding rates and an increase viral dose needed to infect larvae. While the induction against herbivore attack may decrease herbivory, it can also decrease the efficacy of the herbivore's pathogen potentially to the plant's detriment. While TMIEs have been well‐recognized for being driven by top‐down forces, bottom‐up interactions can dictate community dynamics and, here, epizootic severity.
Progress Towards Direct Liquid‐Fed Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Ha Su , Wachsman Eric D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) appear to be among the most promising solutions to our looming energy challenges as the inherently high efficiency and fuel flexibility offered by SOFCs would enable us to use our dwindling fossil fuels more efficiently. Unfortunately, despite their inherent advantages, the conventional SOFCs operating at high temperatures (> 700 °C) are limited largely to stationary applications. However, low‐temperature SOFCs (LT‐SOFCs) operating at temperatures < 600 °C can offer a cost‐effective fuel cell system with rapid start‐up and shut‐down characteristics, which can expand the applications of SOFCs into the transportation sector. Especially promising is the direct operation of LT‐SOFCs with liquid fuels, which can allow direct utilization of either conventional “drop‐in” fuels that adapt the existing fuel distribution infrastructure or other liquid fuels (e.g., methanol and ethanol) produced from various biomass sources.
A probabilistic, biologically informed model of desert shrub population dynamics with the granularity appropriate for geomorphic simulations
Authors: Worman Stacey L. , Furbish David J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAcross arid landscapes, desert shrubs affect where and how sediment is transported by various physical processes such as overland flow, wind, and rain splash. Simplistic biological models such as logistic growth curves offer important first steps towards representing and linking life to landscape dynamics. More sophisticated descriptions of desert shrub dynamics on scales commensurate with downslope sediment transport, however, are essential for more rigorously understanding how complex shrub‐sediment interactions may be affecting hillslope geomorphology. Here we present such a model that features a strong biophysical foundation by including, for example, basic aspects of desert soil‐water hydrology and population ecology such as recruitment, growth, and mortality. Model input parameters can also be modified to account for the influence of different environmental conditions and stressors (e.g. precipitation, soil types, droughts, grazing, fires, and climate change). Model behaviors mimic well documented aspects of how desert shrub populations respond to changes in precipitation, for example, productivity decreases with increasingly arid conditions and density declines during prolonged periods of drought. Model output (position and size of shrubs occupying a hillslope in a given year) represents the basic biological input variables necessary for calculating, for example, how rain‐splash induced mound building by individual shrubs may be affecting downslope sediment fluxes. Future research aimed at coupling this biological model with existing sediment transport models can therefore help advance our understanding for how desert shrub populations affect hillslope erosion across a broad range of scenarios. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different outcomes in sporadic versus familial medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Saltiki Katerina , Simeakis George , Anagnostou Elli , Zapanti Evangelia , Anastasiou Eleni , Alevizaki Maria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) has varying clinical course with familial cases (fMTC) diagnosed earlier than sporadic MTC (spMTC).MethodsA total of 273 MTCs (familial: n = 110 [40.3%], males: 38.5%) were followed for 1‐35 years (median 5.0 years). Fifty one of the familial cases were operated because of positive findings at genetic screening. Disease extent at diagnosis and follow‐up was recorded.ResultsMean age at diagnosis was: fMTC = 33.85 ± 16.5 years (range 4‐74) and spMTC = 52.6 ± 14.0 years (range 16‐81, P < .001). This difference remained when genetic screening cases were excluded. fMTCs had more frequently multifocality, smaller size, and more favorable stage at diagnosis (stages I and II: 60.9% vs 47.9%, stage III: 30.0% vs 23.9%, stage IV: 9.1% vs 28.9%, P = .01). fMTC had lower preoperative and postoperative calcitonin, more frequently remission (59.1% vs 47.2%) and less frequently progressive disease (8.2% vs 35.0%, P < .001). After excluding genetic screening cases, no difference in stage at diagnosis was observed. Outcome was more favorable in fMTC compared to sporadic (P = .002); the 10‐year probability of lack of progression of disease differed significantly between fMTCs and spMTCs (86.4% vs 65.0%, P < .001).ConclusionAfter excluding genetic screening cases, although stage at diagnosis is similar, disease outcome remains worse in sporadic compared to fMTCs.
Compartmental surgery for oral tongue and floor of the mouth cancer: Oncologic outcomes
Authors: Piazza Cesare , Grammatica Alberto , Montalto Nausica , Paderno Alberto , Del Bon Francesca , Nicolai Piero 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundOral tongue/floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma (OTFMSCC) with a depth of invasion (DOI) > 10 mm involves extrinsic muscles and lingual neurovascular/lymphatic bundles. “Compartmental” hemiglossopelvectomy (CHGP) was developed to improve loco‐regional control by “en bloc” removal of tumor and its pathways of spread.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study on 45 CHGPs performed at a single institution for OTFMSCC with a DOI > 10 mm at CT/MR. Group A (n = 35) included naïve patients, and group B (n = 10) recurrent cancers. We evaluated 2‐year overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), local control (LC), and loco‐regional control (LRC).ResultsTwo‐year OS, DFS, LC, and LRC were 80%, 91%, 100%, and 94% for group A, and 27%, 26%, 67%, and 36% for group B, respectively. Salvage surgery and positive margins were significantly associated with worse prognosis.ConclusionCHGP is a reliable oncologic approach in primary surgery for advanced OTFMSCC. In recurrent cancers, survival remains poor.
Post‐diagnosis aspirin use and survival in veterans with head and neck cancer
Authors: Lumley Catherine J. , Kaffenberger Thomas M. , Desale Sameer , Tefera Eshetu , Han Chihun Jim , Rafei Hind , Maxwell Jessica H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to determine the effect of post‐diagnosis aspirin use on survival in veterans with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 584 veterans with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated at the Washington DC VA Medical Center between 1995 and 2015. Charts were queried for clinical‐pathologic data, aspirin prescriptions, and outcome. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to determine overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) among aspirin users and nonusers.ResultsA total of 329 patients met inclusion criteria. Primary subsites included oropharynx (n = 143), larynx (n = 105), oral cavity (n = 62), and hypopharynx (n = 19). Eighty‐four patients were aspirin users (25.5%). Aspirin users demonstrated significantly better 3‐year OS and DSS (78.6% and 88.1%) compared to nonaspirin users (OS: 55.9% and DSS: 70.2%; P = .0003 and P = .0019, respectively). On multivariate analysis, aspirin use remained independently associated with improved survival.ConclusionAspirin use following diagnosis and curative treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with improved OS and DSS.
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its tumor markers: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rintala Mirjami , Vahlberg Tero , Salo Tuula , Rautava Jaana 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim was to update information on oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), a disease of verrucous‐like lesions with high risk of malignancy, and its biomarkers.MethodsA systematic search of literature on PVL and its biomarkers showed 22 biomarkers that were investigated in 19 papers. A meta‐analysis was possible for human papillomavirus (HPV), aneuploidy, Ki‐67, and p53.ResultsAneuploidy was found consistently (I2 = 0%, P = 0.61) in 92% (95% CI 80%‐99%) of the PVL cases. P53 positivity prevalence was 27% (95% CI 15%‐40%) in two available studies (I2 = 0%, P = 0.64). With HPV and Ki‐67, the most outlying studies needed to be removed and after that the pooled HPV positivity prevalence (I2 = 24%, P = 0.27) was 5% (95% CI 0%‐14%) and for Ki‐67 (I2 = 9%, P = 0.33) 14% (95% CI 6%‐26%).ConclusionsWith the evidence of the current literature, aneuploidy could value as a biomarker of PVL but should be further validated.