bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S100B is required for maintaining an intermediate state with double-positive Sca-1+ progenitor and vascular smooth muscle cells during neointimal formation
Authors: Wu Yan , Liu Xin , Guo Ling-Yun , Zhang Lei , Zheng Fei , Li Shan , Li Xing-Yuan , Yuan Ye , Liu Yu , Yan Yu-wen , Chen Shi-You , Wang Jia-Ning , Zhang Jin-xuan , Tang Jun-Ming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionAccumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within the neointimal region is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and vessel injury. Evidence has shown that Sca-1-positive (Sca-1+) progenitor cells residing in the vascular adventitia play a crucial role in VSMC assemblages and intimal lesions. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially in the circumstances of vascular injury, remain unknown.Methods and resultsThe neointimal formation model in rats was established by carotid artery balloon injury using a 2F-Forgaty catheter. Most Sca-1+ cells first appeared at the adventitia of the vascular wall. S100B expressions were highest within the adventitia on the first day after vessel injury. Along with the sequentially increasing trend of S100B expression in the intima, media, and adventitia, respectively, the numbers of Sca-1+ cells were prominently increased at the media or neointima during the time course of neointimal formation. Furthermore, the Sca-1+ cells were markedly increased in the tunica media on the third day of vessel injury, SDF-1α expressions were obviously increased, and SDF-1α levels and Sca-1+ cells were almost synchronously increased within the neointima on the seventh day of vessel injury. These effects could effectually be reversed by knockdown of S100B by shRNA, RAGE inhibitor (SPF-ZM1), or CXCR4 blocker (AMD3100), indicating that migration of Sca-1+ cells from the adventitia into the neointima was associated with S100B/RAGE and SDF-1α/CXCR4. More importantly, the intermediate state of double-positive Sca-1+ and α-SMA cells was first found in the neointima of injured arteries, which could be substantially abrogated by using shRNA for S100B or blockade of CXCR4. S100B dose-dependently regulated SDF-1α expressions in VSMCs by activating PI3K/AKT and NF-κB, which were markedly abolished by PI3K/AKT inhibitor wortmannin and enhanced by p65 blocker PDTC. Furthermore, S100B was involved in human umbilical cord-derived Sca-1+ progenitor cells’ differentiation into VSMCs, especially in maintaining the intermediate state of double-positive Sca-1+ and α-SMA.ConclusionsS100B triggered neointimal formation in rat injured arteries by maintaining the intermediate state of double-positive Sca-1+ progenitor and VSMCs, which were associated with direct activation of RAGE by S100B and indirect induction of SDF-1α by activating PI3K/AKT and NF-κB.
Approximate coincidence point and common fixed point results for a hybrid pair of mappings with constraints in partially ordered Menger PM-spaces
Authors: Wu Zhaoqi , Liu Mengdi , Zhu Chuanxi , Chen Chunfang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We study an approximate coincidence point and a common fixed point problem for a hybrid pair of mappings with constraints in Menger PM-spaces, and obtain some new results. We derive interesting consequences of the main results by using the properties of a Menger–Hausdorff metric, and analogous results based on graphs instead of partial orders can be similarly formulated. Moreover, we construct two examples to reveal that the main results are valid, and show that the main results can be used to explore the existence of solutions to a system of nonlinear integral equations.
Determination of differential pencils with impulse from interior spectral data
Authors: Guo Yongxia , Wei Guangsheng , Yao Ruoxia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we are concerned with the inverse spectral problems for differential pencils defined on$[0,\pi ]$[0,π]with an interior discontinuity. We prove that two potential functions are determined uniquely by one spectrum and a set of values of eigenfunctions at some interior point$b\in (0,\pi )$b∈(0,π)in the situation of$b=\pi /2$b=π/2and$b\neq \pi /2$b≠π/2. For the latter, we need the knowledge of a part of the second spectrum.
Study of nonlinear Pachpatte’s inequalities on time scales
Authors: Sarfaraz Sarah , Ahmad Naveed , ur Rahman Ghaus 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a fundamental dynamic inequality, a generalization of comparison theorem and reproduce the proofs of some nonlinear integral Pachpatte’s inequalities by using their continuous analogue. We also unify and extend these improved integral Pachpatte’s inequalities and their corresponding discrete analogues on arbitrary time scales. The results are used to make qualitative analysis of higher order dynamic equations.
Stability of discrete-time HIV dynamics models with three categories of infected CD4+ T-cells
Authors: Elaiw A. M. , Alshaikh M. A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the global stability of two discrete-time HIV infection models. The models integrate (i) latently infected cells, (ii) long-lived chronically infected cells and (iii) short-lived infected cells. The second model generalizes the first one by assuming that the incidence rate of infection as well as the production and removal rates of the HIV particles and cells are modeled by general nonlinear functions. We discretize the continuous-time models by using a nonstandard finite difference scheme. The positivity and boundedness of solutions are established. The basic reproduction number is derived. By using the Lyapunov method, we prove the global stability of the models. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.
Generalized continued fractions: a unified definition and a Pringsheim-type convergence criterion
Authors: Baumann Hendrik 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the literature, many generalizations of continued fractions have been introduced, and for each of them, convergence results have been proved. In this paper, we suggest a definition of generalized continued fractions which covers a great variety of former generalizations as special cases. As a starting point for a convergence theory, we prove a Pringsheim-type convergence criterion which includes criteria for the aforementioned special cases. Furthermore, we address several fields in which our definition may be applied.
Oscillation and nonoscillation theorems of neutral dynamic equations on time scales
Authors: Zhou Yong , Alsaedi Ahmed , Ahmad Bashir 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present the oscillation criteria for the following neutral dynamic equation on time scales:
$$ \bigl(y(t)-C(t)y(t-\zeta )\bigr)^{\Delta }+P(t)y(t-\eta )-Q(t)y(t-\delta )=0, \quad t\in {\mathbb{T}}, $$

(
y
(
t
)
−
C
(
t
)
y
(
t
−
ζ
)
)

Δ

+
P
(
t
)
y
(
t
−
η
)
−
Q
(
t
)
y
(
t
−
δ
)
=
0
,

t
∈
T
,
where $C, P, Q\in C_{\mathit{rd}}([t_{0},\infty ),{\mathbb{R}}^{+})$
C
,
P
,
Q
∈

C
rd

(
[

t
0

,
∞
)
,

R
+

)
, ${\mathbb{R}} ^{+}=[0,\infty )$

R
+

=
[
0
,
∞
)
, $\gamma , \eta , \delta \in {\mathbb{T}}$
γ
,
η
,
δ
∈
T
and $\gamma >0$
γ
>
0
, $\eta >\delta \geq 0$
η
>
δ
≥
0
. New conditions for the existence of nonoscillatory solutions of the given equation are also obtained.
Romiplostim Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Soff Gerald A. , Miao Yimei , Bendheim Gemma , Batista Jeanette , Mones Jodi V. , Parameswaran Rekha , Wilkins Cy R. , Devlin Sean M. , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K. , Cercek Andrea , Kemeny Nancy E. , Sarasohn Debra M. , Mantha Simon 
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) leads to delay or reduction in cancer treatment. There is no approved treatment. METHODS We conducted a phase II randomized trial of romiplostim versus untreated observation in patients with solid tumors with CIT. Before enrollment, patients had platelets less than 100,000/μL for at least 4 weeks, despite delay or dose reduction of chemotherapy. Patients received weekly titrated romiplostim with a target platelet count of 100,000/μL or more, or were monitored with usual care. The primary end point was correction of platelet count within 3 weeks. Twenty-three patients were treated in a randomization phase, and an additional 37 patients were treated in a single-arm, romiplostim phase. Resumption of chemotherapy without recurrent CIT was a secondary end point. RESULTS The mean platelet count at enrollment was 62,000/μL. In the randomization phase, 14 of 15 romiplostim-treated patients (93%) experienced correction of their platelet count within 3 weeks, compared with one of eight control patients (12.5%; P < .001). Including all romiplostim-treated patients (N = 52), the mean platelet count at 2 weeks of treatment was 141,000/μL. The mean platelet count in the eight observation patients at 3 weeks was 57,000/μL. Forty-four patients who achieved platelet correction with romiplostim resumed chemotherapy with weekly romiplostim. Only three patients (6.8%) experienced recurrent reduction or delay of chemotherapy because of isolated CIT. CONCLUSION This prospective trial evaluated treatment of CIT with romiplostim. Romiplostim is effective in correcting CIT, and maintenance allows for resumption of chemotherapy without recurrence of CIT in most patients.
Sex Hormone Replacement Therapy in Turner Syndrome: Impact on Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Viuff Mette H , Berglund Agnethe , Juul Svend , Andersen Niels H , Stochholm Kirstine , Gravholt Claus H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Context
The long-term effects of female hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in Turner syndrome (TS) are unknown.

Objective
To examine morbidity, mortality and medicinal use in TS and the impact of HRT in 45,X women.

Design and Setting
National cohort study, following all TS individuals ever diagnosed in Denmark from 1977 to 2014.

Patients and Methods
In the Danish Cytogenetic Central Registry, we identified 1156 females diagnosed with TS from 1960 to 2014, and, subsequently, Statistics Denmark randomly identified 115 577 age-matched female controls. TS women and their matched controls were linked with person-level data from the National Patient Registry and the Medication Statistics Registry, and they were compared concerning mortality, hospitalizations, and medical prescriptions. Among 329 45,X women, 44 had never been HRT treated, and 285 had been treated at some point. HRT treated women were compared with untreated concerning mortality, hospitalizations, and medical prescriptions.

Results
Endocrine and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity were significantly increased in TS compared with the matched controls. Comparing HRT treated with nontreated 45,X women, we found a similar mortality (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.38–1.79). Among the HRT-treated 45,X women, we found a significantly lower use of antihypertensives, antidiabetics, and thyroid hormones and significantly reduced hospitalization rates for stroke and osteoporotic fractures.

Conclusion
Women with TS have an increased overall mortality and morbidity. HRT seems to have a beneficial effect on endocrine conditions, hypertension, and stroke in women with 45,X karyotype, with no clear impact on mortality.
Deep learning enables automated volumetric assessments of cardiac function in zebrafish
Authors: Akerberg Alexander A. , Burns Caroline E. , Burns C. Geoffrey , Nguyen Christopher 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Although the zebrafish embryo is a powerful animal model of human heart failure, the methods routinely employed to monitor cardiac function produce rough approximations that are susceptible to bias and inaccuracies. We developed and validated a deep learning-based image-analysis platform for automated extraction of volumetric parameters of cardiac function from dynamic light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) images of embryonic zebrafish hearts. This platform, the Cardiac Functional Imaging Network (CFIN), automatically delivers rapid and accurate assessments of cardiac performance with greater sensitivity than current approaches.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
An autism-associated mutation in GluN2B prevents NMDA receptor trafficking and interferes with dendrite growth
Authors: Sceniak Michael P. , Fedder Karlie N. , Wang Qian , Droubi Sammy , Babcock Katie , Patwardhan Sagar , Wright-Zornes Jazmin , Pham Lucynda , Sabo Shasta L. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders with multiple genetic associations. Analysis of de novo mutations identified GRIN2B, which encodes the GluN2B subunit of NMDA receptors, as a gene linked to ASDs with high probability. However, the mechanisms by which GRIN2B mutations contribute to ASD pathophysiology are not understood. Here, we investigated the cellular phenotypes induced by a human mutation that is predicted to truncate GluN2B within the extracellular loop. This mutation abolished NMDA-dependent Ca2+ influx. Mutant GluN2B co-assembled with GluN1 but was not trafficked to the cell surface or dendrites. When mutant GluN2B was expressed in developing cortical neurons, dendrites appeared underdeveloped, with shorter and fewer branches, while spine density was unaffected. Mutant dendritic arbors were often dysmorphic, displaying abnormal filopodial-like structures. Interestingly, dendrite maldevelopment appeared when mutant GluN2B was expressed on a wild-type background, reflecting the disease given that individuals are heterozygous for GRIN2B mutations. Restoring the fourth transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail did not rescue the phenotypes. Finally, abnormal development was not accompanied by reduced mTOR signaling. These data suggest that mutations in GluN2B contribute to ASD pathogenesis by disrupting dendrite development.
Deep inspiration breath hold in locally advanced lung cancer radiotherapy: validation of intrafractional geometric uncertainties in the INHALE trial
Authors: Josipovic Mirjana , Aznar Marianne C , Thomsen Jakob B , Scherman Jonas , Damkjaer Sidsel MS , Nygård Lotte , Specht Lena , Pøhl Mette , Persson Gitte F 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:
Patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were included in a prospective trial for radiotherapy in deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH). We evaluated DIBH compliance and target position reproducibility.

Methods:
Voluntary, visually guided DIBHs were performed with optical tracking. Patients underwent three consecutive DIBH CT scans for radiotherapy planning. We evaluated the intrafractional uncertainties in the position of the peripheral tumour, lymph nodes and differential motion between them, enabling PTV margins calculation. Patients who underwent all DIBH imaging and had tumour position reproducibility &lt;8 mm were up-front DIBH compliant. Patients who performed DIBHs throughout the treatment course were overall DIBH compliant. Clinical parameters and DIBH-related uncertainties were validated against our earlier pilot study.

Results:
69 of 88 included patients received definitive radiotherapy. 60/69 patients (87%) were up-front DIBH compliant. DIBH plan was not superior in seven patients and three lost DIBH ability during the treatment, leaving 50/69 patients (72%) overall DIBH compliant.
The systematic and random errors between consecutive DIBHs were small but differed from the pilot study findings. This led to slightly different PTV margins between the two studies.

Conclusions:
DIBH compliance and reproducibility was high. Still, this validation study highlighted the necessity of designing PTV margins in larger, representative patient cohorts.

Advances in knowledge:
We demonstrated high DIBH compliance in locally advanced NSCLC patients. DIBH does not eliminate but mitigates the target position uncertainty, which needs to be accounted for in treatment margins. Margin design should be based on data from larger representative patient groups.
Consumer Search and Automobile Dealer Colocation
Authors: Murry Charles , Zhou Yiyi 
Published: September 2019

Retailers colocate with rivals to take advantage of economies of agglomeration even though colocation implies greater competition. Using data on all new car transactions registered in Ohio from 2007 to 2014, we estimate a structural model of consumer search for spatially differentiated products that explicitly captures the agglomeration and competition effects of retail colocation. Search frictions generate an average of $333 per car in dealer markups. Agglomeration implies that dealer closures could harm incumbent colocated dealers, even though the incumbent dealers would face less competition. Our results inform the recent policy debate surrounding the massive downsizing of car retail networks and highlight the role of contagion in brick-and-mortar retailing. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Bohemian Rhapsody
Authors: Muñoz Sobrino Mónica , Pereira Domínguez Carmen 
Published: September 2019

Es el momento en que la banda Queen inicia su intervención en el memorable concierto de rock Live Aid para combatir el hambre en Etiopía, celebrado el 13 de julio de 1985, en el estadio Wembley de Londres; recital considerado como el mejor hasta la fecha y la actuación de Queen, con un Mercury glorioso, ante un espléndido escenario, calificada como la actuación más brillante de la historia del rock. Un flashback nos remonta a los orígenes del grupo y nos guía por la trayectoria vital de su líder, Freddie Mercury.Como dicen los protagonistas, Queen es un grupo de inadaptados que toca para inadaptados. Pero también es la familia que apoya incondicionalmente, sin juzgar, y que alienta la creatividad liberadora de sus miembros. A través de la música de Queen reviviremos las luces y las sombras de las décadas de 1970 y 1980, y entenderemos las circunstancias sociales que fraguaron el “mejor grupo británico de todos los tiempos” (título otorgado tras un sondeo realizado por la emisora BBC Radio 2 en 2007). (*) Recomendación bibliográfica: A. Casas. (2018). Freddie Mercury. Una biografía. Barcelona: Penguin Random House Editorial.
Separate But Interactive Parallel Olfactory Processing Streams Governed by Different Types of GABAergic Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of a Basal Insect
Authors: Takahashi Naomi , Nishino Hiroshi , Domae Mana , Mizunami Makoto 
Published: September 2019

The basic organization of the olfactory system has been the subject of extensive studies in vertebrates and invertebrates. In many animals, GABA-ergic neurons inhibit spike activities of higher-order olfactory neurons and help sparsening of their odor representations. In the cockroach, two different types of GABA-immunoreactive interneurons (calyceal giants [CGs]) mainly project to the base and lip regions of the calyces (input areas) of the mushroom body (MB), a second-order olfactory center. The base and lip regions receive axon terminals of two different types of projection neurons, which receive synapses from different classes of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), and receive dendrites of different classes of Kenyon cells, MB intrinsic neurons. We performed intracellular recordings from pairs of CGs and MB output neurons (MBONs) of male American cockroaches, the latter receiving synapses from Kenyon cells, and we found that a CG receives excitatory synapses from an MBON and that odor responses of the MBON are changed by current injection into the CG. Such feedback effects, however, were often weak or absent in pairs of neurons that belong to different streams, suggesting parallel organization of the recurrent pathways, although interactions between different streams were also evident. Cross-covariance analysis of the spike activities of CGs and MBONs suggested that odor stimulation produces synchronized spike activities in MBONs and then in CGs. We suggest that there are separate but interactive parallel streams to process odors detected by different OSNs throughout the olfactory processing system in cockroaches.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOrganizational principles of the olfactory system have been the subject of extensive studies. In cockroaches, signals from olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in two different classes of sensilla are sent to two different classes of projection neurons, which terminate in different areas of the mushroom body (MB), each area having dendrites of different classes of MB intrinsic neurons (Kenyon cells) and terminations of different classes of GABAergic neurons. Physiological and morphological assessments derived from simultaneous intracellular recordings/stainings from GABAergic neurons and MB output neurons suggested that GABAergic neurons play feedback roles and that odors detected by OSNs are processed in separate but interactive processing streams throughout the central olfactory system.
Naturalistic Audio-Movies and Narrative Synchronize “Visual” Cortices across Congenitally Blind But Not Sighted Individuals
Authors: Loiotile Rita E. , Cusack Rhodri , Bedny Marina 
Published: September 2019

How does developmental experience, as opposed to intrinsic physiology, shape cortical function? Naturalistic stimuli were used to elicit neural synchrony in individuals blind from birth (n= 18) and those who grew up with sight (n= 18). Blind and blindfolded sighted participants passively listened to three audio-movie clips, an auditory narrative, a sentence shuffled version of the narrative (maintaining language but lacking a plotline), and a version of the narrative backward (lacking both language and plot). For both groups, early auditory cortices were synchronized to a similar degree across stimulus types, whereas higher-cognitive temporoparietal and prefrontal areas were more synchronized by meaningful, temporally extended stimuli (i.e., audio movies and narrative). “Visual” cortices were more synchronized across blind than sighted individuals, but only for audio-movies and narrative. In the blind group, visual cortex synchrony was low for backward speech and intermediate for sentence shuffle. Meaningful auditory stimuli synchronize visual cortices of people born blind.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNaturalistic stimuli engage cognitive processing at many levels. Here, we harnessed this richness to investigate the effect of experience on cortical function. We find that listening to naturalistic audio movies and narrative drives synchronized activity across “visual” cortices of blind, more so than sighted, individuals. Visual cortex synchronization varies with meaningfulness and cognitive complexity. Higher synchrony is observed for temporally extended meaningful stimuli (e.g., movies/narrative), intermediate for shuffled sentences, lowest for time varying complex noise. By contrast, auditory cortex was synchronized equally by meaningful and meaningless stimuli. In congenitally blind individuals most of visual cortex is engaged by meaningful naturalistic stimuli.