bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Canopy Approach”: Case Series Using Immersive Virtual Reality for Bottom-Up Target-Based Preoperative Planning in Pediatric Neurosurgery
Authors: Lai Grace Y. , Phelps Ryan R.L. , Singhal Nilika S. , Sullivan Joseph E. , Numis Adam L. , Auguste Kurtis I. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly used for trajectory planning in neurosurgery.OBJECTIVE:To describe a case series showing the application of immersive VR involving both “top-down” from skull to lesion and “bottom-up” from lesion to skull approaches for trajectory planning in pediatric neurosurgical patients.METHODS:We detail the preoperative and intraoperative application of VR and clinical courses of 5 children (aged 7-14 years) with anatomically challenging intraparenchymal lesions that posed operative risks to nearby vascular anatomy and fiber tracts. Preoperative planning consisted of standard presurgical evaluation with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging used to render 3-dimensional models that could be viewed and manipulated using desktop software and immersive VR headsets and hand controllers by the surgeon and family. Patient satisfaction was evaluated by survey. Surgical outcomes were degree of seizure control or extent of resection.RESULTS:Three patients underwent lesion resection and 2 laser ablation. Modifications to 2-dimensional and “top-down” VR trajectory plans were made after “bottom-up” navigation in all cases. All families reported that the VR enhanced their understanding of the procedure. There were no complications, and no patients suffered permanent neurological deficits postoperatively. Gross total resection was achieved in all lesional cases, and patients with epilepsy achieved seizure freedom at 2 years postoperatively.CONCLUSION:Immersive VR allows operative corridors to be virtually traveled and viewed from a “top-down” and “bottom-up” perspective, as if looking up from under a forest canopy of overlying anatomy, for optimal trajectory planning and improvement of family understanding in pediatric neurosurgery.
Time-Dosed Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations: An Early Institution Experience and Case Series
Authors: Sethi Akal , Chee Keanu , Chatain Gregoire P. , Wittenberg Blake , Seinfeld Joshua , Milgrom Sarah , Kavanagh Brian , Breeze Robert 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment modality used by neurosurgeons to treat cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), particularly for treating AVMs <10 cm3. Current strategies include single-staged, dose-staged, and volume-staged SRS, all of which demonstrate varying effectiveness for treating large-volume AVMs (>10 cm3). We introduce a novel refinement called time-dosed SRS for the treatment of large-volume AVMs or AVMs located in eloquent areas. This study aims to detail treatment parameters, outcomes, and complications associated with time-dosed SRS in our early experience study.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed all patients treated using time-dosed SRS at our institution. Data, including AVM location, history of hemorrhage, history of intervention, AVM volume, Spetzler-Martin grade, presence of residual disease, and occurrence of postprocedural complications, were collected.

RESULTS:
Sixteen patients were included. The median total AVM volumes treated were 9.64 cm3 (0.92-46.2 cm3) and 13.2 cm3 (3.0-42.2 cm3) in adults and children, respectively. The median margin doses for adults and children at each of the 3 stages were 10 Gy, 10 Gy (8-10 Gy) and 9 Gy (8-10 Gy), and 10 Gy, 10 Gy (9-10 Gy), and 10 Gy (8-10 Gy), respectively. The median total dose delivered was 29 Gy (27-30 Gy) in adults and 30 Gy (28-30 Gy) in children. The median radiological follow-up length was 35 months (9-62 months) in adults and 31 months (4-72 months) in pediatric patients. Complete obliteration was confirmed by cerebral angiogram in 6 adult patients and 1 pediatric patient. One adult patient and 2 pediatric patients suffered radiation-related toxicity. No patients suffered postprocedural hemorrhage.

CONCLUSION:
Time-dosed SRS seems to be effective for treating large AVMs or those in highly eloquent areas, with a low rate of complications.
Psychological Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Awake Craniotomy With Dexmedetomidine: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Cassa Maddalena Irma , Orena Eleonora Francesca , Seveso Mirella , Acerbi Francesco , Izzo Mikael Gian Andrea , Gemma Marco 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Only few studies have investigated the psychological profile of patient candidates for awake craniotomy (AC). The aim of this study was to describe the multidisciplinary clinical protocol adopted in our hospital and to retrospectively explore differences in psychological characteristic of 51 patients, analyzing association with the tolerability of the procedure.

METHODS:
During the preoperative neuropsychological assessment, the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale was administered to assess pain-related anxiety. Clinical characteristics and anesthesiological management were retrospectively recollected. The AC procedure was classified as “optimal” or “suboptimal” based on administration of rescue sedative midazolam doses because of psychomotor agitation or emotional distress in excess with respect to our anesthesiological protocol.

RESULTS:
The awake procedure was considered optimal in 33 cases (64.7% of total sample). General anesthesia was never required in our patients. No significant differences between optimal and suboptimal groups were found. No single variable was significant as a predictor of outcome on the univariate analysis, and no multivariate predictive model was possible.

CONCLUSION:
Although in our experience the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale score was not useful in identifying candidates for AC procedures, our multidisciplinary approach provided good results with respect to the tolerability of AC surgery. However, more studies are required to identify psychological profiles and preoperative possible warning signs to find the best course of surgery for each patient.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Beyond Diabetes—What the Neurosurgeon Needs to Know
Authors: Abdulrazeq Hael , Taman Mazen , Ali Rohaid , Doberstein Cody , Sullivan Patricia , Sampath Prakash , Telfeian Albert , Gokaslan Ziya , Fridley Jared , Asaad Wael 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have gained increasing popularity since the approval of semaglutide by the United States Food and Drug Administration for chronic weight management. Significant benefits have been noted in glycemic control and cardiovascular health. However, as increasing numbers of patients are started on these medications, it is important for neurosurgeons to have knowledge of any perioperative considerations and side effects related to this class of drugs.

METHODS:
We performed a qualitative literature review using the PubMed and Embase databases, using the following key words: GLP-1 RAs adverse events; GLP-1 RAs and anesthesia; substance use disorders; and addiction, functional neurosurgery, nervous system rehabilitation, and spinal cord injury. Articles of relevance to perioperative management of these medications and specific benefits in the neurosurgical field were discussed.

RESULTS:
Recent guidance from the American Society of Anesthesiologists demonstrates the importance of tailored management of GLP-RA drugs for surgical patients. In addition, certain positive effects have been noted with relation to substance use disorders, neural protection and rehabilitation, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

CONCLUSION:
In this article, we review what the neurosurgeon needs to know about the perioperative management of GLP-1 RAs and discuss existing literature in clinical and preclinical studies for potential indications and benefits of these medications, which can influence the management of conditions treated by neurosurgeons.
Delayed Deep White Matter Ischemia After Resection of Gliomas by Awake Surgery
Authors: Tsuchiya Takahiro , Takahashi Masamichi , Ohno Makoto , Yanagisawa Shunsuke , Osawa Sho , Fujita Shohei , Narita Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Deep white matter (DWM) is perfused by the medullary arteries from the cortex, and ischemia sometimes occurs after glioma resection. However, the clinical significance of postoperative medullary artery–related ischemia has not been well studied. We retrospectively reviewed cases of delayed DWM ischemia after awake craniotomy to elucidate the clinical characteristics, mechanisms, and management of delayed ischemia.

METHODS:
We identified 4 cases of intra-axial brain tumors, mainly gliomas, that underwent tumor resection by awake craniotomy at our hospital and developed DWM ischemic symptoms after surgery, despite no worsening of neurological symptoms at the end of surgery.

RESULTS:
Four patients (3 men and 1 woman) presented with glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, and brain metastasis. The median age at surgery was 47.5 years (41-73 years). The tumors were located in the watershed area in the frontal lobe (n = 2) and the parietal lobe (n = 2), all of which were left-sided (n = 4). DWM ischemic symptoms, such as motor dysfunction, aphasia, dysarthria, and dysgraphia, developed at an average of 24 hours (14-48 hours) after resection by awake craniotomy. All 4 patients showed symptom improvement within a week after surgery and completely recovered within a month.

CONCLUSION:
DWM ischemia is caused by sacrifice of the medullary artery, which feeds the tumor and adjacent brain tissue during tumor resection, and should be considered when delayed aphasia or paralysis occurs postoperatively. These symptoms are often transient and recovery usually occurs. Tumors located in the frontal or parietal lobes, particularly in the watershed area, should be carefully monitored for postoperative ischemia.
Lumbocaval Shunt for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Technical Report and Case Series
Authors: Sujijantarat Nanthiya , Koo Andrew B. , Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Antonios Joseph P. , Renedo Daniela , Haynes Joseph O. , Fathima Bushra , Theriault Brianna C. , Chavez Miguel M. , Amllay Abdelaziz , Nowicki Kamil W. , Kanzler Matthew , Jiang Jasmine W. , Shekar Apurv H. , Hebert Ryan M. , DiLuna Michael L. , Matouk Charles C. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Neurosurgical management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) can be challenging given high rates of revision associated with cerebrospinal fluid shunting. In this study, we present a technical report and early outcomes for lumbocaval shunt (LCS) placement in difficult-to-manage cases.

METHODS:
A literature search was performed for previous reports of LCS or lumboatrial shunt. Electronic medical records of patients who underwent placement of LCS for the treatment of IIH at a single institution were reviewed. Based on early experience and outcomes, our modified technique for LCS is described.

RESULTS:
Six patients (4 females, median age 36 years [IQR 31-43]) underwent placement of LCS between October 2023 and April 2024. LCS was completed in all cases without intraoperative complications. The median operative time was 88.5 minutes [IQR 79.5-158.8]. One patient developed low-pressure headaches that resolved after the addition of a shunt-assist device. Five of 6 patients reported improved headache at the last follow-up visit, with 4 of 5 patients reporting that their high-pressure headaches completely resolved (median time to the last follow-up of one month [IQR 1-2 months]). During the study period, one shunt revision was performed because of migration of the lumbar shunt into a suprafascial pocket. This led to modification of the surgical technique, specifically the inclusion of anchoring dips.

CONCLUSION:
LCS may represent an alternative shunting technique in difficult-to-manage patients with IIH. Further assessment of long-term outcomes is needed.
Primary parenchymal squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney: A case report
Authors: Zheng Zhi-Hui , Shao Bo , Xu Chao-Min , Wang Ke , Wen Jia-Zhu , Luo Li-Kang , Guan Jia-Cheng 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal parenchyma is extremely rare, with only nine cases reported.
CASE SUMMARY
This study reports a 51-year-old man with primary SCC of the renal parenchyma. The patient was admitted with recurrent dull pain and discomfort in the right lumbar region, which had worsened over 2 weeks, accompanied by painful gross hematuria. SCC antigen (SCCA) levels were elevated, and imaging revealed a renal mass with associated calculi. The patient underwent laparoscopic unilateral nephrectomy and lymph node dissection. Postoperative pathology confirmed highly differentiated SCC with necrosis in the right renal parenchyma, with negative renal pelvis and ureter. The pathological stage was Pt3aN1M0. Four months after surgery, the tumor recurred with involvement of the liver, right psoas major muscle, and inferior vena cava. The patient refused chemotherapy and succumbed to the disease 6 months postoperatively due to disease progression.
CONCLUSION
We report a case of primary SCC of the renal parenchyma, a rare renal malignancy. The clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging findings are nonspecific, making accurate and timely diagnosis challenging. According to the literature, for patients with renal calculi accompanied by a renal mass, elevated serum SCCA levels, and magnetic resonance imaging showing cystic or cystic-solid masses within the kidney with pseudocapsules and heterogeneous mild enhancement, the possibility of this disease should be considered.
Post-pandemic face-to-face learning environments for undergraduate students: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Garzon Diaz Karim , Villamil Duarte Angy , Velasco Forero Sandra , Herrera Jacobo Sandra 
Published: November 2024

Objective
This scoping review explores the existing literature related to post-pandemic face-to-face learning environments for undergraduate students following their participation in virtual classes during the Covid-19 pandemic. The secondary objectives are focused to identify the cognitive; emotional, or communicative demands that characterize students; changes in pedagogical strategies; and primary recommendations regarding post-pandemic face-to-face education in the context of Covid-19.

Introduction
The global emergency created by the presence of COVID-19 has led to significant change in the daily lives of people worldwide, ranging from lockdowns to the proliferation of virtual channels for social interaction and learning. Interest in its effects remains relevant in various fields including social, economic, health, technological, and educational studies. The transition back to face-to-face studies in university settings requires new adjustment processes for both students and teachers, necessitating pedagogical transformations and addressing cognitive, emotional, communicative, and habituation demands. Studies on the return to face-to-face studies in university settings are relatively scarce and warrant in-depth research.

Inclusion criteria
This review will include studies completed and published in calendar years 2022 and 2024 that involve post-pandemic face-to-face learning environments for undergraduate students from any geographical area.

Methodology
This scoping review will follow the JBI methodology for conducting scoping reviews. The following databases will be used: Academic Search Complete, Inter-American Development Bank, CLACSO, and The UNESCO Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC), Dimensions, DOAB, DOAJ, ERIC, LILACS, Psicodoc, Redalyc, Redib, Scielo, Scopus, Dialnet, Web Of Science, Latindex, Google Scholar, SocArXiv. The search will aim to locate publications without language restrictions from any geographic location, including peer-reviewed articles, grey literature, preprints, technical notes, and policy reports. Three independent reviewers will screen, retrieve and review full-text studies and extract data. Consensus will be sought in the event of disagreement. The search results will be presented in the PRISMA-ScR flowchart. A narrative summary will also be included (Tricco AC 2018).

Trial registration
Registration of systematic reviews: Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6P9QB)
“Are you listening?”: Experiences shared online by family caregivers of patients in the palliative phase during the Covid-19-pandemic
Authors: Hoffstädt Hinke E. , Verhoef Mary-Joanne , Akkermans Aranka , van der Steen Jenny T. , Stoppelenburg Arianne , de Vries Sita , de Graaf Everlien , Teunissen Saskia C. C. M. , Hartog Iris D. , van der Linden Yvette M. 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
In palliative care, it is important for family caregivers to spend time with and care for the patient, and to receive (in)formal support. These elements were compromised during the Covid-19-pandemic. This study investigates what family caregivers of non-Covid-19-patients in the palliative phase shared online during the first wave of the pandemic, and what their communicative intentions were with posting online.

Methods
To investigate what family caregivers shared online, a reflexive thematic analysis was performed on online newspaper articles and posts on Twitter, Facebook and online forums. To investigate family caregivers’ communicative intentions with social media posts, content analysis was conducted guided by Speech Act Theory.

Results
In total, 412 posts and articles were included, the majority being Tweets (86.7%). Four themes were constructed: 1) ‘Being out of touch’, 2) ‘Fear, worries and uncertainties, 3) ‘Disbelief, anger and resistance’, and 4) ‘Understanding, acceptance and gratitude’. Family caregivers felt overwhelmed with anger, sadness and anxiety, yet some expressing milder or positive attitudes towards the new circumstances. Family caregivers mostly posted online to share their personal experiences and emotions, and to express their opinions about the restrictions.

Conclusions
The pandemic had distinct implications for family caregivers of non-Covid-19-patients in the palliative phase. In future similar circumstances, restrictions should be tailored to individual conditions and interventions should be in place to facilitate contact between patients, family caregivers and healthcare professionals and to support family caregivers.
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on delirium incidence in Ontario long-term care homes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kennedy Lydia , Hirdes John P. , Heckman George , Searle Samuel D. , McArthur Caitlin 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
To describe delirium incidence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine factors associated with delirium incidence in the long-term care setting.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Ontario long-term care residents without severe cognitive impairment or baseline delirium with an assessment between February 1, 2019, and March 31, 2021. Data were collected from the interRAI Minimum Data Set (MDS) 2.0. The outcome of interest was delirium development. Selected independent variables were entered into univariate longitudinal generalized estimating equations, followed by multivariate analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported.

Results
A total of 63,913 residents were included within the comparison sample from February 2019 to February 2020. The pandemic sample consisted of 54,867 residents from March 2020 to March 2021. Incidence of delirium in the comparison sample was 3.4% (2158 residents) compared to 3.2% (1746 residents) in the pandemic sample (P = 0.06). Residents who were older, cognitively impaired, and increasingly frail had greater odds of developing delirium. Increased odds were associated with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.07–1.51) and anxiolytic use (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.25). Residents who were newly admitted (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.60–0.71) and those dependent for activities of daily living (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.33–0.64) had lower odds of delirium development.

Conclusions and implications
The incidence of delirium did not differ between the year prior to and the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating that preventative interventions employed by long-term care homes may have been effective. Long-term care residents who are older, frail, cognitively impaired, or had unstable health would benefit from targeted interventions to prevent delirium. Newly admitted residents or those dependent in activities of daily living had lower odds of developing delirium, which could indicate under detection in these groups.
Tarifverträge zu mobiler Arbeit
Authors: Dittmar Nele 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Mobiles Arbeiten, unterstützt durch digitale Technologien, ist spätestens seit der Corona-Pandemie ein wichtiges Thema in Debatten und Praxis der Arbeitswelt. Mobile Arbeit birgt Chancen aus Beschäftigten- und Unternehmenssicht, ebenso wie Herausforderungen und potenzielle Belastungen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Herausforderungen, die die Gestaltung mobilen Arbeitens für betriebliche Akteure darstellt, beleuchtet dieser Beitrag, ob und wie mobiles Arbeiten in Deutschland in Tarifverträgen reguliert wird. Es zeigt sich, dass die Tarifparteien diese Facette der Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt tarifpolitisch aufgreifen und gestalten – wenngleich einige Konfliktpunkte in Bezug auf mobiles Arbeiten den Betriebsparteien zur Lösung überlassen werden.
Compiling Kabbalistic Secrets after the Spanish Expulsion
Authors: Abrams Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study offers a bibliographic history of the manuscript evidence and printed editions of the compilation Shushan Sodot, arranged by Moshe of Kyiv (1449–c. 1520). Positioned within a larger inquiry of numbered compilations of short-form texts of Jewish esoteric literature, Shushan Sodot is one of the largest and most well-known compilations. Following a review of scholarship, the study describes the features of various manuscripts, including those in Byzantine and Spanish script and those produced in later Ashkenazi script. It then focuses on the circulation of a particular format of the text copied by a scribe, with these copies now housed in collections at YIVO and the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. The manuscripts produced in early modern Ashkenazi script were copied from the YIVO manuscript, which also served the printers in Koretz who edited and abbreviated its contents to their tastes. The article concludes with suggestions about how and why this compilation was so well-received in Ashkenazi reading communities and how it became a staple of Jewish esoteric literature in the early modern period.
Sefer Razi’el ha-Mal’akh
– A Conduit of Medieval Ashkenazi Culture
Authors: Idel Moshe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This essay examines Sefer Razi’el ha-Mal’akh, a complex work reflecting diverse textual sources and literary layers, as a crucial channel for transmitting early esoteric traditions in Ashkenazi religious culture. It emphasizes the »nominal register« related to the exegesis and uses of divine names as a key part of the Ashkenazi esoteric tradition. The popularity of Sefer Razi’el ha-Mal’akh in Ashkenaz, especially during the Hasidic renaissance, highlights the essential role of practical and magical mentality developed in Ashkenazi culture and traditions. Additionally, a Romanian translation of Sefer Razi’el ha-Mal’akh by Menachem Mendel Stein, who engaged in occult practices during the World War II, showcases the book’s varied reception and long durée.