bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic markers of fetal adiposity and risk of Cesarean delivery
Authors: Hehir M. P. , Burke N. , Burke G. , Turner M. J. , Breathnach F. M. , Mcauliffe F. M. , Morrison J. J. , Dornan S. , Higgins J. , Cotter A. , Geary M. P. , Mcparland P. , Daly S. , Cody F. , Dicker P. , Tully E. , Malone F. D. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveIncreased fetal size is associated with shoulder dystocia during labor and subsequent need for assisted delivery. We sought to investigate if increased fetal adiposity diagnosed sonographically in late pregnancy is associated with increased risk of operative delivery.MethodsThis secondary analysis of the Genesis Study recruited 2392 nulliparous women with singleton pregnancy in cephalic presentation, in a prospective, multicenter study, to examine prenatal and intrapartum predictors of Cesarean delivery. Participants underwent ultrasound and clinical evaluation between 39 + 0 and 40 + 6 weeks' gestation. Data on fetal biometry were not revealed to patients or to their managing clinicians. A fetal adiposity composite of fetal thigh adiposity and fetal abdominal wall thickness was compiled for each infant in order to determine whether fetal adiposity > 90th centile was associated with an increased risk of Cesarean or operative vaginal delivery.ResultsAfter exclusions, data were available for 2330 patients. Patients with a fetal adiposity composite > 90th centile had a higher maternal body mass index (BMI) (25 ± 5 kg/m2 vs 24 ± 4 kg/m2; P = 0.005), birth weight (3872 ± 417 g vs 3585 ± 401 g; P < 0.0001) and rate of induction of labor (47% (108/232) vs 40% (834/2098); P = 0.048) than did those with an adiposity composite ≤ 90th centile. Fetuses with adiposity composite > 90th centile were more likely to require Cesarean delivery than were those with adiposity composite ≤ 90th centile (P < 0.0001). After adjusting for birth weight, maternal BMI and need for induction of labor, fetal adiposity > 90th centile remained a risk factor for Cesarean delivery (P < 0.0001). A fetal adiposity composite > 90th centile was more predictive of the need for unplanned Cesarean delivery than was an estimated fetal weight > 90th centile (odds ratio, 2.20 (95% CI, 1.65–2.94; P < 0.001) vs 1.74 (95% CI, 1.29–2.35; P < 0.001). Having an adiposity composite > 90th centile was not associated with an increased likelihood of operative vaginal delivery when compared with having an adiposity composite ≤ 90th centile (P = 0.37).ConclusionsFetuses with increased adipose deposition are more likely to require Cesarean delivery than are those without increased adiposity. Consideration should, therefore, be given to adding fetal thigh adiposity and abdominal wall thickness to fetal sonographic assessment in late pregnancy. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Ultrasonic treatment enhances sludge disintegration and degradation in a photosynthetic bacteria‐bioelectrochemical system
Authors: Wang Youzhao , Pan Yuan , Li Xianjin , Zhang Kuo , Zhu Tong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExcess sludge contains a large amount of organic matter, most of which is present in the form of bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances. In this study, a photosynthetic bioelectrochemical system (BES) combined with ultrasonic treatment (UT) was investigated to mineralize sludge. The sludge was disintegrated by the UT, and the supernatant separated from the treated sludge was further degraded through a bioelectrochemical system containing photosynthetic bacteria (PSB‐BES). The UT efficiency was enhanced by supernatant separation. The PSB‐BES method effectively improved the degradation of the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) from the supernatant. The SCOD and protein removal were increased 1.4 and 1.5 times, respectively, compared to BES without PSB. In addition, the effects of several key operating factors including illumination, voltage, and temperature were systematically investigated. This study provides a basis for further development of sludge mineralization processes.Practitioner points

The sludge was disintegrated by the ultrasound treatment.

The supernatant separated from treated sludge was further degraded by a bioelectrochemical system combined with photosynthetic bacteria.

The ultrasonic treatment efficiency was enhanced by supernatant separation.

The PSB‐BES method effectively improved the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) degradation from the supernatant.

The effects of several key operating factors including light (dark–photo), voltage, and temperature were systematically investigated.
Prediction of global buckling loads of doubly symmetric pultruded FRP columns subjected to concentric compression
Authors: Zhan Yang , Wu Gang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an improved closed‐form solution to determine the global buckling capacity of axially loaded pultruded fiber‐reinforced polymer (PFRP) columns with doubly symmetry cross sections based on the original solution recommended by Eurocode 3 (EC3). In this improved solution, a new closed‐form equation to determine the reduction factor for global buckling of doubly symmetric PFRP members under axial compression is developed, based on the Ayrton–Perry formula and observed initial out‐of‐straightness of PFRP members measured by other researchers. Recognizing that data on initial imperfections may be unavailable, a second new empirical closed‐form equation is derived to predict the global buckling loads of doubly symmetric PFRP columns based upon the experimental data. Validation of the two explicit solutions taking into account the influence of geometric imperfections of doubly symmetric PFRP shapes is performed by both comparison to experimental data and comparison with validated numerical simulations. In addition, compared with the five closed‐form solutions available in the literature, the two proposed solutions exhibit higher accuracy in predicting the global buckling capacity of concentrically loaded PFRP columns with doubly symmetry cross sections. Parametric studies are further conducted, and the influences of the main parameters on the performance of corresponding solutions are discussed. The two proposed solutions can facilitate the global buckling analysis and design of doubly symmetric PFRP columns under concentric compressive loading.
Responsible Data Science in a Dynamic World
Authors: van der Aalst Wil M. P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractData science is changing our world in many different ways. Data and the associated data science innovations are changing everything: the way we work, the way we move, the way we interact, the way we care, the way we learn, and the way we socialize. As a result, many professions will cease to exist. For example, today’s call centers will disappear just like video rental shops disappeared. At the same time, new jobs, products, services, and opportunities emerge. Hence, it is important to understand the essence of data science. This extended abstract discusses the four essential elements of data science: “water” (availability, magnitude, and different forms of data), “fire” (irresponsible uses of data and threats related to fairness, accuracy, confidentiality, and transparency), “wind” (the way data science can be used to improve processes), and “earth” (the need for data science research and education). Next to providing an original view on data science, the abstract also highlights important next steps to ensure that data will not just change, but also improve our world.
IoT Enabled Process Innovation: Exploring Sensor-Based Digital Service Design Through an Information Requirements Framework
Authors: Carlén Niclas , Forsman August , Svensson Jesper , Sandberg Johan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThrough digitisation of physical artefacts and environments, the Internet of Things carries vast potential for process innovation. However, navigation of the quickly evolving technological landscape and identification of emerging opportunities for value creation remains challenging. To this end, we combine existing frameworks on information requirements, IT capability, and business value of IT. We evaluate the usability of these frameworks for IoT enabled innovation in our analysis of two sensor-based process innovation projects. We investigate the fit between process characteristics and technological functionality, and the implications of this alignment. Our analysis demonstrates that the framework provides a practically useful and theoretically coherent conceptual device for analyzing process characteristics and digital options to innovate processes. Furthermore, we find that IoT sensors are well suited to address connectivity and uncertainty requirements. However, in order to leverage them to address high equivocality requirements designers need deep contextual understanding to align IoT capability with information requirements.
Working with IoT – A Case Study Detailing Workplace Digitalization Through IoT System Adoption
Authors: Mähler Viktor , Westergren Ulrika Holmström 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to grow in scope it is bound to pervade an increasing number of firms. To that end it becomes important to understand the challenges and opportunities associated with introducing IoT in the workplace. By studying IoT implementation and usage from the perspective of three different stakeholders cooperating around the same IoT system, we explore how the introduction of IoT in the workplace presents unique opportunities and challenges for both management and individual workers. We conclude that the identified opportunities expressed by the different stakeholders were increased productivity, the ability to monitor performance, and improved customer relations. Challenges encountered were increased stress among some workers and forming a shared understanding of the IoT system’s capabilities amongst different stakeholders.
The Outcomes of the Implementation of Internet of Things: A Public Value Perspective
Authors: Velsberg Ott 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) has gained presence in all areas of life. Whilst private sector is the forerunner in the adoption of these devices, public sector usage has been lagging. With the rise of smart initiatives, public organizations are increasingly implementing IoT. The necessity to know in which areas of public sector IoT has been implemented and what public value has been derived, has gained importance as reporting of the cost efficiency and benefits of these initiatives has gained attention. This paper seeks to determine the importance of IoT in the public sector from the perspective of public value. IoT implementation in Estonian municipalities was studied to provide concrete data on the use of IoT. Next to efficiency, which is a known goal of IT implementation, the research findings suggest that while IoT has generated public value, there has been a shift in value creation with other outcomes such as effectiveness, transparency and collaboration gaining increased presence. While IoT shows great promise for public value creation, more research is needed to study how public sector can leverage these devices to harvest more benefits than the simple automatization of work processes.
An Internet of Things (IoT) Model for Optimising Downtime Management: A Smart Lighting Case Study
Authors: Scholtz Brenda , Kapeso Mando , Van Belle Jean-Paul 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn today’s global, competitive economy, downtime has been identified as a key performance indicator for field service organisations. The emergence of an Internet of Things (IoT) has brought new enhancement possibilities to various industries such as the manufacturing and field service industry. This paper provides a vision and motivation for using IoT in Field Service Management (FSM) in order to address data quality and service delivery issues. The theory of information quality was used to undergird the research and a model for the optimisation of downtime management in the field service industry using the IoT is proposed. The model was used to drive the design of a “proof of concept” prototype, the KapCha prototype. The paper also includes a report on an empirical study of the application of the proposed IoT model in FSM. The experiment findings showed that the prototype reduced the round trip delay time for sending and receiving data and was scalable. As a result, access to quality information supporting advanced data analytics and artificial intelligence was provided. Therefore, service technicians can be alerted more quickly as soon as any potential technical problems occur. In turn improved diagnostics and more efficient decision making can be achieved. The model and the lessons learned provide valuable guidance to other researchers and fill the gap in research of empirical studies conducted on IoT implementations.
Current advances in Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Vadakara Joseph , Andrick Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHodgkin’s lymphoma is a highly treatable malignancy. It has high cure rates yet there are many patients who relapse or are refractory to treatment. Traditionally, treatment has been with conventional chemotherapy; however, the development of brentuximab vedotin and immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the care of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This is a review of the current advances in the management of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and a review of ongoing clinical trials in the field.
The Idealism and Pantheism of May Sinclair
Authors: THOMAS EMILY 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDuring the early twentieth century, British novelist and philosopher May Sinclair published two book-length defenses of idealism. Although Sinclair is well known to literary scholars, she is little known to the history of philosophy. This paper provides the first substantial scholarship on Sinclair's philosophical views, focusing on her mature idealism. Although Sinclair is working within the larger British idealist tradition, her argument for Absolute idealism is unique, founded on Samuel Alexander's new realist beliefs about the reality of time. Her metaphysics takes idealism and pantheism in new directions and provides fresh insight into 1920s debates between British idealisms and realisms.
Healthcare-associated bloodstream infection trends under a provincial surveillance program
Authors: Fakih Iman , Fortin Élise , Smith Marc-André , Carignan Alex , Tremblay Claude , Villeneuve Jasmin , Moisan Danielle , Frenette Charles , Quach Caroline , Schmidt Alexandra M. ,   for SPIN-BACTOT
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjective:BACTOT, Quebec’s healthcare-associated bloodstream infection (HABSI) surveillance program has been operating since 2007. In this study, we evaluated the changes in HABSI rates across 10 years of BACTOT surveillance under a Bayesian framework.Design:A retrospective, cohort study of eligible hospitals having participated in BACTOT for at least 3 years, regardless of their entry date. Multilevel Poisson regressions were fitted independently for cases of HABSI, catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CA-BSIs), non–catheter-associated primary BSIs (NCA-BSIs), and BSIs secondary to urinary tract infections (BSI-UTIs) as the outcome and log of patient days as the offset. The log of the mean Poisson rate was decomposed as the sum of a surveillance year effect, period effect, and hospital effect. The main estimate of interest was the cohort-level rate in years 2–10 of surveillance relative to year 1.Results:Overall, 17,479 cases and 33,029,870 patient days were recorded for the cohort of 77 hospitals. The pooled 10-year HABSI rate was 5.20 per 10,000 patient days (95% CI, 5.12–5.28). For HABSI, CA-BSI, and BSI-UTI, there was no difference between the estimated posterior rates of years 2–10 compared to year 1. The posterior means of the NCA-BSI rate ratios increased from the seventh year until the tenth year, when the rate was 29% (95% confidence interval, 1%–89%) higher than the first year rate.Conclusions:HABSI rates and those of the most frequent subtypes remained stable over the surveillance period. To achieve reductions in incidence, we recommend that more effort be expended in active interventions against HABSI alongside surveillance.
Health and economic burden of antimicrobial-resistant infections in Australian hospitals: a population-based model
Authors: Wozniak Teresa M. , Bailey Emily J. , Graves Nicholas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjective:To estimate the additional health and economic burden of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections in Australian hospitals.Methods:A simulation model based on existing evidence was developed to assess the additional mortality and costs of healthcare-associated AMR Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus aureus infections.Setting:Australian public hospitals.Findings:Australian hospitals spent an additional AUD$5.8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], $2.2–$11.2 million) per year treating ceftriaxone-resistant E.coli bloodstream infections (BSI), and an estimated AUD$5.5 million per year (95% UI, $339,633–$22.7 million) treating MRSA patients. There are no reliable estimates of excess morbidity and mortality from AMR infections in sites other than the blood and in particular for highly prevalent AMR E. coli causing urinary tract infections (UTIs).Conclusion:The limited evidence-base of the health impact of resistant infection in UTIs limits economic studies estimating the overall burden of AMR. Such data are increasingly important and are urgently needed to support local clinical practice as well as national and global efforts to curb the spread of AMR.
Bilinear forms on potential spaces in the unit circle
Authors: Cascante Carme , Ortega Joaquín M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper we characterize the boundedness on the product of Sobolev spacesHs(𝕋) ×Hs(𝕋) on the unit circle 𝕋, of the bilinear form Λbwith symbolb∈Hs(𝕋) given by$${{\Lambda}_b} (\varphi, \psi): = \int_{\open T} {\left( {{{( - {\Delta })}^s} + I} \right)(\varphi \psi )(\eta )b(\eta ) {\rm d}\sigma (\eta ).}$$
Beneficial effects of green banana biomass consumption in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Costa Edna S. , França Carolina N. , Fonseca Francisco A. H. , Kato Juliana T. , Bianco Henrique T. , Freitas Thiago T. , Fonseca Henrique A. R. , Figueiredo Neto Antonio Martins , Izar Maria Cristina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a global epidemic, characterised as a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders associated with high risk of CVD. Green banana biomass, which is composed of resistant starches (RS) and cannot be hydrolysed by amylases, delays gastric emptying and modulates insulin sensitivity, thus contributing to improve metabolic disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of consumption of RS from green banana biomass on body composition, fasting plasma glucose, glycated Hb (HbA1c) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in subjects with pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes on top of treatment. Middle-aged subjects (n113) of both sexes with pre-diabetes (HbA1c: 5·7–6·4 %) or diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6·5 %) were randomised to receive nutritional support plus green banana biomass (40 g) (RS: approximately 4·5 g, G1,n62) or diet alone (G2,n51) for 24 weeks. Body composition, biochemical analyses and dietary intake were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study. In the experimental group (G1), consumption of RS was associated with reduction in HbA1c (P= 0·0001), fasting glucose (P= 0·021), diastolic blood pressure (P= 0·010), body weight (P= 0·002), BMI (P= 0·006), waist and hip circumferences (P< 0·01), fat mass percentage (P= 0·001) and increase in lean mass percentage (P= 0·011). In controls (G2), reductions were observed in waist and hip circumferences (P< 0·01), HbA1c (P= 0·002) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P= 0·020). In pre-diabetes or diabetes, non-significant differences were observed in the percentage reduction in HbA1c and fasting glucose in exploratory analyses. Our results indicate that the consumption of bioactive starches is a good dietary strategy to improve metabolic control and body composition.
Consistent improvements in soil biochemical properties and crop yields by organic fertilization for above-ground (rapeseed) and below-ground (sweet potato) crops
Authors: Li X. P. , Liu C. L. , Zhao H. , Gao F. , Ji G. N. , Hu F. , Li H. X. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough application of organic fertilizers has become a recommended way for developing sustainable agriculture, it is still unclear whether above-ground and below-ground crops have similar responses to chemical fertilizers (CF) and organic manure (OM) under the same farming conditions. The current study investigated soil quality and crop yield response to fertilization of a double-cropping system with rapeseed (above-ground) and sweet potato (below-ground) in an infertile red soil for 2 years (2014–16). Three fertilizer treatments were compared, including CF, OM and organic manure plus chemical fertilizer (MCF). Organic fertilizers (OM and MCF) increased the yield of both above- and below-ground crops and improved soil biochemical properties significantly. The current study also found that soil-chemical properties were the most important and direct factors in increasing crop yields. Also, crop yield was affected indirectly by soil-biological properties, because no significant effects of soil-biological activities on yield were detected after controlling the positive effects of soil-chemical properties. Since organic fertilizers could not only increase crop yield, but also improve soil nutrients and microbial activities efficiently and continuously, OM application is a reliable agricultural practice for both above- and below-ground crops in the red soils of China.
Comparative analysis of conventional cold curettage versus endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy
Authors: Bidaye R , Vaid N , Desarda K 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare conventional cold curettage adenoidectomy with endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy in terms of operative time, primary blood loss, post-operative residual tissue and post-operative pain.MethodsThis prospective non-randomised study was carried out on 60 patients aged 5–12 years. One group underwent conventional cold curettage adenoidectomy and the other underwent endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy, with 30 patients per group.ResultsMean operation duration was significantly higher for endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy. Mean blood loss was 44.33 ml in conventional cold curettage adenoidectomy and 32.47 ml in endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy. The pain grade was significantly lower in endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy. Forty per cent of patients who underwent conventional cold curettage adenoidectomy had adenoid tissue post-surgery, while it was completely absent in endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy patients.ConclusionCoblation adenoidectomy has significant advantages over conventional adenoidectomy in terms of reduced blood loss, no post-operative residual tissue and lower pain grade on day 1 after surgery.
Overlapping neural systems underlying “incentive hope” and apprehension
Authors: Tops Mattie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPositioning “incentive hope” in a general model of behavioral control systems removes artificial boundaries between mechanisms of incentive motivation in foraging behavior and other functions of the striatum and connected systems. Specifically, incentive hope may involve mechanisms of anticipation of both reward and threat, explaining why anxious individuals show stronger potentiation of incentive motivation under conditions of reward uncertainty.