bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites in an invasive bird is lower in urban than in non‐urban environments
Authors: Santiago‐Alarcon Diego , Carbó‐Ramírez Pilar , Macgregor‐Fors Ian , Chávez‐Zichinelli Carlos Alberto , Yeh Pamela J. 
Published: December 2018

Urbanization affects the ecology of wildlife diseases and although it has been suggested that there are lower risks of infection in urban areas, there have been no experiments to support this conclusion. We assessed haemosporidian prevalence and intensity in House Sparrows Passer domesticus using field and experimental data under contrasting conditions (i.e. urban vs. non‐urban). For experimental data, we kept 32 male House Sparrows in captivity as a proxy of stress, and for field data we sampled 49 House Sparrows (17 females). We made use of microscopy to determine the relative intensity and used the polymerase chain reaction to estimate infection prevalence. We obtained total leucocyte counts, leucocyte differentials, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L) as a measure of stress, and the Polychromatic Index as a measure of physiological condition (erythropoiesis). We identified a total of 10 haemosporidian lineages. For field samples (both males and females), we found a significantly higher prevalence of infection in non‐urban House Sparrows than in urban ones. Under experimental conditions, non‐urban House Sparrows showed a higher prevalence than urban ones both before and after captivity, with a significant increase in parasite intensity. The number of infected birds increased after captivity for both urban (~ 32%) and non‐urban House Sparrows (~ 19%), indicating either a recrudescence of chronic and relapses of latent infections or the appearance of infections that had been acquired earlier. The H/L ratio was significantly higher for non‐urban than for urban male House Sparrows before captivity. No difference in H/L was found for urban House Sparrows before and after captivity, indicating tolerance to city stressors. Our results showed a significant decrease in H/L for non‐urban birds after captivity, suggesting higher stress in the non‐urban agricultural environment. Haemosporidian infections were not associated with the H/L ratio. Our study provides evidence that highly urbanized areas within cities represent lower haemosporidian infection risks than do non‐urban areas for House Sparrows.
Human polyomavirus 7 (HPyV7)‐associated dermatoses: novel molecular mechanism driven by viral activation of 4E‐BP1 and MEK‐ERK‐cJun
Authors: Wu Julie H. , Narayanan Deepika , Simonette Rebecca A. , Rady Peter L. , Tyring Stephen K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA number of pruritic skin conditions arising in immunocompromised patients are associated with viral infection. Recently, human polyomavirus 7 (HPyV7) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of eruptive pruritic parakeratotic and dyskeratotic dermatoses with distinct “peacock plumage” histology. While expression of HPyV7 viral protein, namely small tumor (sT) antigen, is prominent within lesional tissue, the functional role of HPyV7 in cutaneous pathobiology is not yet known. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role for HPyV7 sT antigen in pathways important for the maintenance of keratinocyte structure and function. In particular, HPyV7 sT was found to dysregulate protein phosphatase 2A through physical interactions that led to activation of MEK/ERK/c‐Jun and 4E‐BP1 (proteins that contribute to disorganized keratinocyte growth as well as hyperproliferative and inflammatory states). Given that HPyV7 actively infects keratinocytes and sT antigen is highly expressed in pruritic dyskeratotic/parakeratotic dermatoses, our data provide important mechanistic evidence supporting a pathogenic role for HPyV7 in cutaneous disease.
An interactional view of social presence: Making the virtual other “real”
Authors: Schultze Ulrike , Brooks Jo Ann M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn IS research, social presence is generally defined as the perceived capacity of a communication medium to convey contextual cues normally available in face‐to‐face settings. However, theorizing social presence as a property of the technology has been challenged for decades. The objective of this paper is to develop a more contemporary, interactional view of social presence. To this end, this paper develops a new conceptualization of how participants form the sense that each other is present. We characterize the development of this sense as a skilful accomplishment that entails interactants' joint construction of each other as “real.” Viewing social presence as contingent on social practice, we seek to answer the following research question: “How is social presence accomplished in virtual environments?” To explicate how virtual others are perceived as becoming socially present, that is, emotionally and psychologically “real” to someone interacting with them, we draw from Goffman's work, particularly his concepts of involvement and involvement obligation. Detailing two examples of social interaction in the virtual world Second Life, our analysis highlights the key role that this moral obligation, intrinsic to everyday social interaction, plays in virtual others becoming perceived as psychoemotionally “there.” By outlining a model of how the sense of a virtual other as “real” is produced in and through social interaction, our work contributes a sociological perspective to the construct of social presence and underscores some of the material and social conditions necessary for users to perceive virtual others as present.
Agronomic performance of winter wheat grown under highly divergent soil moisture conditions in rainfed and water‐managed environments
Authors: Schittenhelm Siegfried , Kottmann Lorenz , Kraft Martin , Matschiner Katja , Langkamp‐Wedde Tina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEven in the temperate climates of Europe, increasing early season drought and rising air temperature are presenting new challenges to farmers and wheat breeders. Sixteen winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes consisting of three hybrids, six line cultivars and two breeding lines from Germany as well as five line cultivars from France, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary and the Ukraine (referred to as “exotic” lines) have been included in this study. The genetic materials were evaluated over three growing seasons under a range of soil moisture regimes at the three North German sites Braunschweig (irrigated and drought‐stressed), Warmse (rainfed) and Söllingen (rainfed). The average grain yields in the twelve growth environments (water regime × season combinations) ranged from 6.1 to 13.5 t ha−1. The exotic lines showed little evidence of specific phenological adaptation to drought although they are frequently faced with water scarcity in their countries of origin. The hybrids and German lines exhibited higher regression coefficients (bi) to environmental means than the exotic lines, indicating particular adaptation to favourable growing conditions. The phenotypical correlations of grain yield between the various environments were high, ranging for instance from 0.6 to 0.8 for the irrigated and drought‐stressed environments at Braunschweig. It is thus expected that in the foreseeable future continued selection aiming at high yield potential will suffice as a means to counter the expected increase in droughts.
Releasing latent compassion through an innovative compassion curriculum for Specialist Community Public Health Nurses
Authors: Pettit Ann , McVicar Andrew , Knight‐Davidson Pamela , Shaw‐Flach Adelle 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the impact of a curriculum based on the Compassionate Mind Model (CMM) designed to facilitate the expression of compassion in Specialist Community Public Health Nurses.BackgroundThe CMM identifies that fear of compassion creates a barrier to the flow of compassion. There is some evidence linking self‐compassion to compassionate care but no previous research has explored this potential with postregistration specialist community public health nursing students.DesignProspective, longitudinal design using focus group interviews.MethodsTwenty six students (81% of cohort) agreed to participate in a wider evaluation (2014–2015). For this study, two groups were drawn from those participants (total 13 students) who attended audio‐taped group interviews at the course mid‐ and end‐points to explore their perceptions on compassion and compassionate care. Transcripts were analysed thematically.FindingsSeveral subthemes were identified. “Cultural change in the NHS”, “Workload and meeting targets” and “Lack of time were barriers to compassionate care, as was negative “Role modelling”. These were collated under a macro‐theme of “A culture lacking in compassion”. Secondly, the subthemes “Actualization of compassion” and “Transformation” were collated within a macro‐theme: “Realization of compassion”. This theme identified realization of latent compassion from their previous roles that in some transferred into students’ personal lives suggesting a transformation beyond professional attitude.ConclusionThe curriculum facilitated a realization of compassion in students over the period of the course by enhancing their capacity to be self‐compassionate and by actualization of compassion that had previously been suppressed.
Oral health‐related quality of life in patients with disorders of nutrition
Authors: Shay Boaz , Ben Ami Orly , Levy Ianculovici Dana , Zini Avraham , Ianculovici Clariel , Almoznino Galit 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundResearchers demonstrated a correlation between nutrition and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Little is known about the correlation between disorders of nutrition (DON) and Oral HRQoL (OHRQoL).Objectives(a) To measure OHRQoL in DON patients compared to patients attending nutritional counselling for other reasons (eg, systemic diseases or general dietary counselling) (NCOR) and to healthy controls attending routine dental screenings. (b) To analyse associations between OHRQoL and demographics, health‐related behaviours and nutritional practices. We hypothesised that OHRQoL is impaired in DON patients and correlates with poor health‐related behaviours and nutritional practicesMethodsDemographic, smoking, alcohol and physical activity habits, verbal pain scale, oral health impact profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) and nutritional practice data were collected from 63 DON, 35 NCOR and 100 controls.ResultsCompared to controls, DON patients exhibited poorer OHIP‐14 global scores and had more functional limitation, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicap. OHIP‐14 global score was positively associated with maternal origin, oral symptoms, eggs and eggplant consumption, avoiding seasoning, hot drinks and fibrous food and negatively associated with physical activity and fresh vegetable consumption. In the conceptual hierarchical multiple regression model, verbal pain scale, eggplant consumption and physical activity were mediators in the relationship between DON and OHIP‐14. DON, physical activity and eggplant consumption also directly associated with OHRQoL.ConclusionsOral HRQoL was impaired in DON patients and correlated with poor health‐related behaviours and nutritional practices. Routine workup of DON patients should include OHRQoL assessment.
Differential Mucosal Gene Expression Patterns inCandida‐Associated, Chronic Oral Denture Stomatitis
Authors: Offenbacher Steven , Barros Silvana P. , Bencharit Sompop , Yu Ning , Preisser John , Moss Kevin , Loewy Zvi G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeDenture stomatitis is a common condition manifested by inflammation of the oral mucous membrane beneath a denture. The objective of this study was to compare the transcriptome of human palatal mucosa with chronic oral stomatitis‐associatedCandida albicansinfection to that of healthy oral mucosa.Materials and MethodsOral palatal biopsies were obtained from 17 healthy and 15C. albicans‐infected stomatitis subjects for whole transcriptome analyses. The presence ofC. albicanswas confirmed by cytology and cultivable methods. The clinical severity of the stomatitis was evaluated by the Newton Classification (Class II or III). For transcriptome analyses a false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.05 was used, and the effects of age, race, and gender were evaluated by principle component analysis (PCA). Specific differentially expressed genes identified by mRNA array data were confirmed by measurements of salivary protein expression using multiplex analyses.ResultsMicroarray analysis of mRNA expression indicated that inC. albicansstomatitis there were 3034 genes‐in‐play that were differentially expressed and met the FDR < 0.05 criteria. Two hundred thirty five (235) genes were up‐regulated >2‐fold, and 71 genes were down‐regulated >2‐fold. Five of the 6 most significant gene ontology pathways involve inflammation and activation of the immune response with CD28 and CTLA signaling of T cells. There was strong up‐regulation of TLR2, CD14, MYD88, IKKA, and NFKB as the dominant toll‐like receptor‐signaling pathway. The expression of several extracellularly expressed inflammatory protein genes was up‐regulated in candidiasis, and 2 were confirmed as up‐regulated within the saliva using protein multiplexing analyses.ConclusionsNeutrophil recruitment and activation, epithelial suppression, and T‐cell activation appear as major pathways in chronic oral candidiasis. Tissue up‐regulation of TLR2 pathways, as well as potentialC. albicansbinding proteins, was observed, whereas keratin and adhesion molecule synthesis were down‐regulated. Several candidate biomarkers to potentially identify the presence of oral candidiasis were differentially expressed in tissues and saliva.
The effect of prepregnancy body mass index on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and dose‐response meta‐analysis
Authors: Najafi Farid , Hasani Jalil , Izadi Neda , Hashemi‐Nazari Seyed‐Saeed , Namvar Zahra , Mohammadi Samira , Sadeghi Masoud 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of the prepregnancy BMI on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Five electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were searched for literature published until 1 January 2018. The two‐stage, random effect meta‐analysis was performed to compare the dose‐response relationship between BMI and GDM. As well as studies with categorized BMI, studies that treat BMI as a continuous variable were analysed. A total of 33 observational studies with an overall sample size of 962 966 women and 42 211 patients with GDM were included in analysis. The pooled estimate of GDM risk in the underweight, overweight, and obese pregnant women was 0.68, 2.01, and 3.98 using the adjusted OR and 0.34, 1.52, and 2.24 using the adjusted RR. The GDM risk increased 4% per unit of increase in BMI with both the crude and adjusted OR/RR models. Also, the risk of GDM increased 19% with the crude model and 14% with the adjusted model. The existence of dose‐response relationship between the pre‐pregnancy BMI and GDM can strengthen the scientific background for vigorous public health interventions for the control of pre‐pregnancy BMI as well as the weight gain during pregnancy.
Mental Accounting, Access Motives, and Overinsurance*
Authors: Fels Markus 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe access motive for insurance posits that insurance derives its value from providing access to a loss remedy that is unaffordable without insurance. I explore the potential of this alternative insurance motive to explain attitudes towards modest risks, and I argue that mental accounting makes the access motive relevant for understanding both the popularity of warranties and the avoidance of deductibles. The value of partial insurance is shown to critically depend on the way in which the insurer pays benefits. This can explain several empirical regularities that are difficult to reconcile within existing models.
Nietzsche on Monism about Objects
Authors: Remhof Justin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article concerns whether Nietzsche is sympathetic to monism about concrete objects, the heterodox metaphysical view that there is exactly one concrete object. I first dispel prominent reasons for thinking that Nietzsche rejects monism. I then develop the most compelling arguments for monism in Nietzsche’s writings and check for soundness. The arguments seem to be supported by the texts, but they have not been developed in the literature. Despite such arguments, I suggest that Nietzsche is actually not sympathetic to monism about objects—but his reasons for siding against monism are not at all obvious. The result should be a new understanding of some of Nietzsche’s fundamental ontological commitments.
A GIS data model for public gardens
Authors: Morgan Brian J. , Greco Steven E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn enterprise GIS data model was developed for use in public gardens, which includes botanical gardens, arboreta, and zoos. The data model defines the representation of geographical phenomena, the attributes of each feature, and the relationships between them in order to support information management and analysis within public gardens. The data model was developed using a three‐stage process consisting of conceptual, logical, and physical design, each guided by stakeholder workshops and software testing. The data model includes the attributes of features necessary to create collection maps and perform collection analysis, and is designed to link to existing plant and animal records management systems (BG‐BASE and ZIMS) through a common key. The Public Garden Data Model consists of three modules (Base Map, Facilities and Infrastructure, and Basic Plant Records), unified into one comprehensive spatial data model for public gardens, and contains 59 feature classes and tables connected by 49 relationship classes.
Urine sediment examination: Potential impact of red and white blood cell counts using different sediment methods
Authors: Chase Julia , Hammond Jeremy , Bilbrough Graham , DeNicola Dennis B. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundCentrifugation is the primary method used to perform urine sediment analyses, but evaluation of other methods is required to validate centrifugation.ObjectivesNon‐urine materials were used to examine the repeatability (precision) and effectiveness (recovery) of four sediment methodologies on red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts.MethodsFour urine sediment methods were compared using commercially available quality control material (QCM) and fresh canine RBCs in a diluent. Treatments included (a) 5 mL centrifugation at 390g for 5 minutes; (b) 1.5 mL centrifugation at 3900g for 45 seconds; (c) 60 µL of neat (unspun urine) in a microtiter well; and (d) 30 µL of neat on a slide with a coverslip. A within‐run precision using QCM was followed by a one‐run comparison test performed with a suspension of canine erythrocytes. RBC morphology was also examined.ResultsAll results are listed in order of Methods A‐D. Percent coefficients of variation (%CVs) for WBCs were 23.2%, 33.7%, 15.0%, and 27.2%. Red blood cells %CVs were 34.3%, 29.2%, 16.2%, and 24.4%. Average WBC counts in ten fields of view (FOV) ± 1 SD were 26.4 ± 6.1, 14.2 ± 4.8, 32.8 ± 4.9, and 1.6 ± 0.4. Average RBC counts in 10 fields of view (FOV) ± 1 SD were 45.3 ± 15.5, 23.9 ± 7.0, 38.4 ± 6.2, and 2.6 ± 0.6. The one‐run comparison test reports average RBC counts per FOV at 55.2, 23.4, 92.8, and 13.8. The percentages of abnormal RBCs were 92.2%, 74.8%, 7.0%, and 55.1%.ConclusionsMethod C had the best reproducibility, a lower frequency of cell morphology abnormalities, and similar cellular counts to those of Methods A and B.
Comparison of the Position-Matching and Position-Reproducing Tasks to Detect Deficits in Knee Position Sense After Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Hoshiba Takuma , Nakata Hiroki , Saho Yasuaki , Kanosue Kazuyuki , Fukubayashi Toru 
Published: December 2018

Context: Deficits in knee position sense following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can delay an athlete’s return to sport participation and increase the risk of reinjury. Deficits in position sense postreconstruction have been evaluated using either a position-reproducing or position-matching task. Objective: The aim of our study was to combine both to determine which assessment would be more effective to identify deficits in knee position sense. Design: Longitudinal laboratory-based study. Participants: Eleven athletes (6 men and 5 women; mean age, 20.5 [1.2] y), who had undergone ACL reconstruction with an ipsilateral hamstring autograft, and 12 age-matched controls. Interventions: Position sense was evaluated at 6 and 12 months postreconstruction and once for the control group. In addition, peak isokinetic knee extension and flexion strength, at 60°/s and 180°/s, was assessed for the ACL reconstruction group to evaluate possible influences of muscle strength on knee joint position sense. Main Outcome Measures: The variables include the angular differences between the reference limb and indicator limb, and peak torque values of isokinetic knee extension and flexion. Results: Significant matching differences were identified at 6 months postsurgery on the position-matching task, but not at 12 months postsurgery. No significant between-group and within-subject differences were identified on the position-reproducing task. No significant matching errors were identified for the control group. There was no correlation between errors in position sense and maximum isokinetic strength. Conclusion: The position-matching task is more sensitive than the position-reproducing task to identify deficits in knee position sense over the first year following ACL reconstruction surgery.
The Effectiveness of Deep Oscillation Therapy on Reducing Swelling and Pain in Athletes With Acute Lateral Ankle Sprains
Authors: Hausmann Matt , Ober Jacob , Lepley Adam S. 
Published: December 2018

Clinical Scenario: Ankle sprains are the most prevalent athletic-related musculoskeletal injury treated by athletic trainers, often affecting activities of daily living and delaying return to play. Most of these cases present with pain and swelling in the ankle, resulting in decreased range of motion and strength deficits. Due to these impairments, proper treatment is necessary to avoid additional loss of play and prevent future injuries. Recently, there has been an increased use of deep oscillation therapy by clinicians to manage pain and swelling following a variety of injuries, including ankle sprains. However, very little evidence has been produced regarding the clinical effectiveness of deep oscillation therapy, limiting its application in therapeutic rehabilitation of acute lateral ankle sprains. Clinical Question: Is deep oscillation therapy effective in reducing pain and swelling in patients with acute lateral ankle sprains compared with the current standard of care protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation? Summary of Key Findings: The literature was searched for studies of level 2 evidence or higher that investigated deep oscillation therapy on pain and inflammation in patients with lateral ankle sprains. Three randomized control trials were located and appraised. One of the 3 studies demonstrate a reduction in pain following 6 weeks of deep oscillation therapy compared with the standard of care or placebo interventions. The 2 other studies, 1 utilizing a 5-day treatment and the other a 1 time immediate application, found no differences in deep oscillation therapy compared with the standard of care. Clinical Bottom Line: There is inconclusive evidence to support the therapeutic use of deep oscillation therapy in reducing pain and swelling in patients with acute lateral ankle sprains above and beyond the current standard of care. In addition, the method of treatment application and parameters used may influence the effectiveness of deep oscillation therapy. Strength of Recommendation: Level B.