bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social capital, knowledge sharing and innovation of small- and medium-sized enterprises in a tourism cluster
Authors: Kim Namhyun , Shim Changsup 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThis study aims to identify the structural relationship among social capital, knowledge sharing, innovation and performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a tourism cluster.Design/methodology/approachA total of 199 valid questionnaires are collected from SMEs in the Bomun tourism cluster in South Korea. A structural equation modeling approach is used to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe findings suggest that social capital constructs, including network density of structural capital, relational capital and cognitive capital, all positively influence knowledge sharing among SMEs in the cluster. This implies that creating social capital is critical to enhancing the competitiveness of SMEs. This study confirms that knowledge sharing positively affects SME performance through innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThis study suggests that social capital, consisting of structural, cognitive and relational capital, facilitates increased knowledge sharing and innovation in a tourism cluster, which in turn enhances SME business performance.Practical/implicationsThis study suggests that tourism cluster policies should focus on how to create a friendly operational climate to build social capital and support SME innovation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on social capital and innovation as well as the discourse on tourism clusters by addressing knowledge sharing among SMEs in a tourism cluster. It also expands the knowledge sharing and innovation literature by focusing on inter-organizational social networking among SMEs.
Size of training firms – the role of firms, luck, and ability in young workers’ careers
Authors: Müller Steffen , Neubaeumer Renate 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how long-run unemployment of former apprentices depends on the size of their training firm and their ability.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a large administrative data set that follows graduated apprentices during their working life. They show that training in large and medium-sized firms is associated with considerably less unemployment. This, however, may simply be the result of sorting processes, i.e. larger training firms with higher wage levels attract and choose the most able young workers. Therefore, the authors use a proxy for ability to estimate and control for the impact of ability on long-run unemployment. They assume that rank-order tournaments for the most attractive training positions take place and take into account an institutional peculiarity of the German training system, the empirically observable regional immobility of apprentices. Accordingly, they use a region-specific ranking based on training plants’ size or median wages, respectively, to proxy for apprentices’ ability.FindingsThe negative association between training plant size and long-run unemployment is muted but still statistically well determined even after controlling for the rank of an individual’s training firm in the local plant size distribution or the local wage distribution, respectively. Thus, the rank itself is a predictor for long-run unemployment of apprentices. The fact that the position in the local size distribution matters conditional on plant size shows that there is a local competition for training places.Practical implicationsLacking mobility may increases aggregate unemployment, as mobility reduces the risk of unemployment.Social implicationsThe results imply that supporting regional mobility of young workers, e.g., by informing them better about existing mobility subsidies and dormitories for apprentices and by creating additional mobility incentives is warranted.Originality/valueThis is the first study to investigate long-run unemployment of former apprentices. Furthermore, the authors develop new variables to proxy for ability.
Parental leave length, social norms, and female labor market re-entry frictions
Authors: Bartoš Vojtech , Pertold-Gebicka Barbara 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the role of employers in creating employment gaps among women returning to the labor market after parental leaves of different durations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a controlled correspondence field experiment that orthogonally manipulates parental leave length and the quality of fictitious female job candidates. The experiment is complemented with a survey among human resource managers.FindingsHigh-quality candidates receive more interview invitations when applying after a short parental leave, while low-quality (LQ) candidates receive more interview invitations when applying after a typical three years long parental leave. Survey results suggest that the difference in invitations between short and typical leave treatments is driven by a social norm that mothers should stay home with children younger than three. Productivity gains from employing a LQ job applicant with a shorter career break might not be high enough to outweigh the adverse social norm effect.Social implicationsThe presented results point toward the strong effect of prevailing social norms on job search prospects of women returning to the labor market after parental leave.Originality/valueA correspondence experiment has not been used before to study the relationship between time spent on leave and the labor market prospects of mothers. It also extends research on social norms to the domain of hiring decisions.
Reconstructing my identity
Authors: Campbell Elaine 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to offer an insight into mental health illness in academia, and its impact on academic identity.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopts an evocative autoethnographic approach, utilising diary entries collected during the author’s three-month absence from her university due to depression and anxiety. A contemporary methodology, autoethnography seeks to use personal experience to provide a deeper understanding of culture. In this personal story, the author explores her decline in mental health and subsequent re-construction of her academic identity in order to enhance understanding of the organisational culture of higher education.

Findings
This paper illustrates how, rather than being an achievement, academic identity is an ongoing process of construction. Although mental health illness can contribute to a sense of loss of self, identity can be re-constructed during and after recovery. Autoethnographic explorations of depression and anxiety in higher education provide a deeper understanding of an often stigmatized issue, but researchers should be alive to the political and ethical pitfalls associated with deeply reflexive research.

Originality/value
There is little autoethnographic research on mental health illness in a university setting. This paper offers unique insights into the lived experience of depression and anxiety in the context of academic life, through the lens of academic identity.
The effect of treatments on the allergenicity of ß-lactoglobulin in Moroccan population
Authors: Azdad Ouarda , Mejrhit Najlae , Aarab Lotfi 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the effect of heating and pepsin hydrolysis on the allergenicity of purified cow’s milk ß-lactoglobulin using individual sera from Moroccan population.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Hospitals of Fez-Meknes region, to evaluate specific IgE to raw cow milk, as well as to heated and pepsin-hydrolyzed β-lactoglobulin.

Findings
Results showed that 6.6 per cent of studied patients presented high values of serial IgE. The effect of treatments on the allergenicity of ß-lactoglobulin showed that heating at 90°C and pepsin hydrolysis, for 1 h each, showed an important decrease in the recognition of human IgE with a maximum of reduction of 81 and 91 per cent, respectively.

Originality/value
This reduction of immunoreactivity of human IgE to treated ß-lactoglobulin suggested that this Moroccan population recognized mostly conformational epitopes.
Lactobacillus plantarum AR501 Alleviates the Oxidative Stress of D‐Galactose‐Induced Aging Mice Liver by Upregulation of Nrf2‐Mediated Antioxidant Enzyme Expression
Authors: Lin Xiangna , Xia Yongjun , Wang Guangqiang , Xiong Zhiqiang , Zhang Hui , Lai Fengxi , Ai Lianzhong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used as ingredients of functional foods to promote health and prevent diseases because of their beneficial effects. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative effects of LAB on the hepatotoxicity in D‐galactose‐induced aging mice. LAB were isolated from the traditional Chinese fermented foods and screened by the tolerance of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Male ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice were subcutaneously injected with D‐galactose for 5 weeks and then gastric gavage with LAB for 6 weeks. The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum AR113 and AR501, and Pediococcu pentosaceus AR243 could tolerate up to 1.5 mM H2O2 in vitro, and they could live through simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to colonizing the GIT of host. In vivo, oral administration of L. plantarum AR113 and AR501 improved the antioxidant status of D‐galactose‐induced oxidative stress mice such as alleviated liver damages and reduced abnormal activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase to normal levels. In addition, L. plantarum AR501 markedly elevated the gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 and upregulated the expressions of several antioxidant genes such as glutathione reductase, glutathione S‐transferase, glutamate‐cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, glutamate‐cysteine ligase modifier subunit, and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 in the liver of an aging mice. Therefore, L. plantarum AR501 could be a good candidate for producing antiaging functional foods.
Interferon epsilon in the reproductive tract of healthy and genital herpes simplex virus‐infected pregnant women: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Nickodem Colette , Criscitiello Michael F. , Bazer Fuller , Abiodun‐Ojo Olayinka , Taylor Brandie D. 
Published: June 2018

ProblemRecently characterized interferon epsilon (IFNe) protects against sexually transmitted infections, including genital herpes simplex virus (HSV), in animal models. There are no reports of IFNe in genital tract secretions of pregnant women, and data on IFNe in non‐pregnant women are limited. This pilot study is the first to measure concentrations of IFNe in vaginal and cervical secretions during pregnancy and compare values between healthy and genital HSV‐infected women.Method of StudyVaginal or cervical specimens from 30 pregnant women were obtained from the Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS) repository. Cervical samples were collected during the first trimester and vaginal samples across pregnancy. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay determined concentrations of IFNe (pg/mL). Data for IFNe were log‐transformed and compared by maternal demographics, clinical variables, and HSV status using t tests and linear regression. Repeated measures analysis explored trends across pregnancy.ResultsAmong the entire cohort, first trimester concentrations of IFNe in vaginal or cervical secretions decreased as body mass index increased (β = −0.14, P = .0466). Concentrations of vaginal IFNe increased across pregnancy in HSV‐infected and healthy women (P = .009). Average vaginal IFNe across pregnancy was lower in women with HSV compared to healthy women (P = .0009).ConclusionInterferon epsilon increased across pregnancy, but was less abundant in women with HSV. This pilot investigation cannot make any definitive conclusions. However, animal models suggest that IFNe may protect against STIs. Thus, larger studies are required to validate expression of IFNe in the reproductive tract of pregnant women with and without genital infections.
Platinum sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells does not influence their ability to induce M2‐type macrophage polarization
Authors: Mlynska Agata , Povilaityte Egle , Zemleckaite Inga , Zilionyte Karolina , Strioga Marius , Krasko Jan , Dobrovolskiene Neringa , Peng Mei‐Wen , Intaite Birute , Pasukoniene Vita 
Published: June 2018

ProblemDevelopment of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer is mediated by both cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. Activation of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition program in cancer cells may lead to enrichment for resistant clones. These processes can be affected by tumor‐associated macrophages, a highly plastic population of cells that participate in tumor progression and response to treatment by shaping the microenvironment. We aimed to study how platinum resistance influences the crosstalk between macrophages and ovarian cancer cells.Method of studyUsing cisplatin‐sensitive ovarian cancer cell line A2780, we developed and characterized cisplatin‐resistant A2780Cis and cisplatin and doxorubicin co‐resistant A2780Dox cell lines. Next, we set up an indirect coculture system with THP‐1 cell line‐derived M0‐type‐, M1‐type‐ and M2‐type‐like polarized macrophages. We monitored the expression of genes associated with cellular stemness, multidrug resistance, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in cancer cells, and expression profile of M1/M2 markers in macrophages.ResultsDevelopment of drug resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines was accompanied by increased migration, clonogenicity, and upregulated expression of transcription factors, associated with cellular stemness and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Upon coculture, we noted that the most relevant changes in gene expression profile occurred in A2780 cells. Moreover, M0‐ and M1‐type macrophages, but not M2‐type macrophages, showed significant transcriptional alterations.ConclusionOur results provide the evidence for bidirectional interplay between cancer cells and macrophages. Independent of platinum resistance status, ovarian cancer cells polarize macrophages toward M2‐like type, whereas macrophages induce epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and stemness‐related gene expression profile in cisplatin‐sensitive, but not cisplatin‐resistant cancer cells.
Nasal cytology: Methodology with application to clinical practice and research
Authors: Heffler E. , Landi M. , Caruso C. , Fichera S. , Gani F. , Guida G. , Liuzzo M. T. , Pistorio M. P. , Pizzimenti S. , Riccio A. M. , Seccia V. , Ferrando M. , Malvezzi L. , Passalacqua G. , Gelardi M. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryNasal cytology is an easy, cheap, non‐invasive and point‐of‐care method to assess nasal inflammation and disease‐specific cellular features. By means of nasal cytology, it is possible to distinguish between different inflammatory patterns that are typically associated with specific diseases (ie, allergic and non‐allergic rhinitis). Its use is particularly relevant when other clinical information, such as signs, symptoms, time‐course and allergic sensitizations, is not enough to recognize which of the different rhinitis phenotypes is involved; for example, it is only by means of nasal cytology that it is possible to distinguish, among the non‐allergic rhinitis, those characterized by eosinophilic (NARES), mast cellular (NARMA), mixed eosinophilic‐mast cellular (NARESMA) or neutrophilic (NARNE) inflammation. Despite its clinical usefulness, cheapness, non‐invasiveness and easiness, nasal cytology is still underused and this is at least partially due to the fact that, as far as now, there is not a consensus or an official recommendation on its methodological issues. We here review the scientific literature about nasal cytology, giving recommendations on how to perform and interpret nasal cytology.
A crystal structure of coil 1B of vimentin in the filamentous form provides a model of a high‐order assembly of a vimentin filament
Authors: Pang Allan H. , Obiero Josiah M. , Kulczyk Arkadiusz W. , Sviripa Vitaliy M. , Tsodikov Oleg V. 
Published: June 2018

Vimentin is an intermediate filament (IF) protein that is expressed in leukocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells of blood vessels. Vimentin filaments contribute to structural stability of the cell membrane, organelle positioning and protein transport. Vimentin self‐assembles into a dimer that subsequently forms high‐order structures, including tetramers and octamers. The details of IF assembly at crystallographic resolutions are limited to the tetrameric form. We describe a crystal structure of a fragment of a vimentin rod domain (coil 1B) with a dimer of tetramers in the asymmetric unit. Coil 1B in the crystal is in an infinitely high‐order filamentous assembly state, in which the tetramers are packed against each other laterally in an antiparallel fashion across the crystal lattice. In one of the directions of lateral packing, the tetramers pack against each other strictly head‐to‐tail, and in the orthogonal direction the tetramers pack in a staggered manner. This organization of the tetramers of coil 1B in the crystal lattice, together with previously reported biochemical and structural data, yield a model of high‐order vimentin filament assembly.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB under the accession number 5WHF.
High cycle fatigue analysis in the presence of autofrettage compressive residual stress
Authors: Okorokov V. , MacKenzie D. , Gorash Y. , Morgantini M. , van Rijswick R. , Comlekci T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of residual compressive stress on the high cycle fatigue life of notched low carbon steel test specimens is presented. Experimentally determined cyclic stress strain curves for S355 low carbon steel are utilized in a finite element analysis plasticity modelling framework incorporating a new cyclic plasticity material model representative of cyclic hardening and softening, cyclic mean stress relaxation, and ratcheting behaviors. Fatigue test results are presented for standard tensile fatigue test specimens and novel double notch specimens. Double notch specimens are tested with and without compressive residual stress prior‐induced through tensile overload. It is shown that cyclic plasticity phenomena have a significant influence on the induced residual stress distribution and also on material behavior when fatigue tested in the high cycle regime. It is observed that higher initial compressive residual stresses magnitude does not necessarily lead to a longer fatigue life. Finite element analysis using the new cyclic plasticity material model shows this behavior is due to combined residual stress redistribution under fatigue test cyclic loading and cyclic hardening effects. A fatigue life methodology based on the stress‐life approach augmented by a critical distance method is proposed and shown to give good agreement with experimental results for test specimens with no induced residual stress. The results obtained for specimens with induced residual stress are more conservative, but the degree of conservatism is significantly lower than that in the conventional stress life approach. The proposed methodology is therefore suitable for analysis and design assessment of components with pre‐service induced compressive residual stress, such as autofrettaged pressure components.
Corporate Governance and Financial Peer Effects
Authors: Fairhurst Douglas (DJ) , Nam Yoonsoo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that managers select financial policies partially by mimicking policies of peer firms. We find that these peer effects in capital structure choice are unique to firms operating under weak external corporate governance. Cross‐sectional tests suggest that this finding is best explained by a quiet life hypothesis in which managers may be able to avoid the effort required to optimize financial policies and the scrutiny of market participants. Leverage ratios of mimicking firms display less sensitivity to a profitability shock. Finally, mimicking correlates to higher financing costs and lower future profitability, especially if it results in high leverage.
The effect of cheats on siderophore diversity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Stilwell Peter , Lowe Chris , Buckling Angus 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCooperation can be maintained if cooperative behaviours are preferentially directed towards other cooperative individuals. Tag‐based cooperation (greenbeards) – where cooperation benefits individuals with the same tag as the actor – is one way to achieve this. Tag‐based cooperation can be exploited by individuals who maintain the specific tag but do not cooperate, and selection to escape this exploitation can result in the evolution of tag diversity. We tested key predictions crucial for the evolution of cheat‐mediated tag diversity using the production of iron‐scavenging pyoverdine by the opportunistic pathogen, Pseduomonas aeruginosa as a model system. Using two strains that produce different pyoverdine types and their respective cheats, we show that cheats outcompete their homologous pyoverdine producer, but are outcompeted by the heterologous producer in well‐mixed environments. As a consequence, co‐inoculating two types of pyoverdine producer and one type of pyoverdine cheat resulted in the pyoverdine type whose cheat was not present having a large fitness advantage. Theory suggests that in such interactions, cheats can maintain tag diversity in spatially structured environments, but that tag‐based cooperation will be lost in well‐mixed populations, regardless of tag diversity. We saw that when all pyoverdine producers and cheats were co‐inoculated in well‐mixed environments, both types of pyoverdine producers were outcompeted, whereas spatial structure (agar plates and compost microcosms), rather than maintaining diversity, resulted in the domination of one pyoverdine producer. These results suggest cheats may play a more limited role in the evolution of pyoverdine diversity than predicted.