bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPANSION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE WITH RUSSIAN GAS FOR THE ACCOUNT OF ITS DIVERSIFICATION AND USE OF INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Zhdanovskih R. M. 
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the gas export of the Russian Federation, as well as to the search for solutions to the problems arising in the process of foreign gas trading by Russian gas companies. It is specially noted that, as a serious shortcoming of gas exports from Russia, it is only one-pointedness to European countries (mainly to EU countries) and Turkey. In addition, it is pointed out that the supply of natural gas (GHG) from the Russian Federation is carried out with a few exceptions only through pipeline systems. All this puts Gazprom and a number of other Russian gas companies in greater dependence, both from direct European importers and from GHG transit countries. It will be possible to solve the problem of diversification and reliability of gas export to the far abroad of the Russian Federation only due to a certain transition to a new technological type of storage and transportation of NG – in liquefied state. In this case, Russian gas companies will be able to export LNG not only via pipelines to a limited number of countries, but also in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG) by gas tanks to many countries of the world. This will expand the scale of gas trade to the size of oil trading operations. Russian gas companies and Gazprom, using innovative forms of trade in illegal volumes of LNG in the form of spot, futures and forward contracts, will be able to carry out more flexible trading operations and receive increased profits. At the same time, their dependence on European consumers of Russian pipeline PG and transit countries will decrease.
Upregulation of Connexin-43 is Critical for Irradiation-induced Neuroinflammation
Authors: Chen Wei , Tong Wusong , Guo Yijun , He Bin , Chen Lei , Yang Wenjin , Wu Chenxing , Ren Dabin , Zheng Ping , Feng Jiugeng 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Radiation therapy is widely used for the treatment of pituitary adenomas.
Unfortunately, it might raise the risk of ischemic stroke, with neuroinflammation being a major pathological
process. Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system and have
been reported for playing important roles in ischemic stroke.

Objective:
Here we studied how γ-radiation would introduce astrocytes into a detrimental state for
neuroinflammation and provide new theory evidence and target for the clinical management of inflammation-
related neural damage after radiation-induced ischemic stroke.

Method:
HA-1800 cells were treated with γ-radiation and then the protein and mRNA levels of Connexin
(Cx)-43 were evaluated by western and q-PCR. The culture supernatant was collected and the
concentrations of the inflammatory factors were determined by ELISA. MiRNA complementary to
Cx-43 was designed through the online tools.

Results:
Cx-43 is upregulated in the treatment of γ-radiation in astrocytes and γ-radiation introduced
the detrimental function of astrocytes: cell viability was reduced while the apoptotic cells were increased.
Inflammatory factors like tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, interleukin-6, interleukin
1-beta were dramatically up-regulated by the irradiation. MiR-374a rescued irradiation induced
Cx-43 up-regulation of astrocytes and eliminated detrimental function triggered by γ-radiation.

Conclusion:
Cx-43 expression level may play an important role in the inflammation-related neural
damage after irradiation-induced ischemic stroke.
Habitus, ¿productor del espacio político? La elección en Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México
Authors: Alacio García Rosa Ynés , Hernández Gamboa Hugo 
Published: July 2018

<p>¿Cómo caracterizar el <em>habitus</em><a title="" href="#_ftn1"><strong>[1]</strong></a> ? El <em>habitus</em>, como generador y unificador de características intrínsecas que determina bienes y prácticas<a title="" href="#_ftn2">[2]</a> paralelamente, define la apropiación de los espacios y muestra coincidencias en las tendencias electorales, a su vez conectadas por tipos de relaciones socio-espaciales.</p><p>Los resultados electorales de 2003-2015, se relacionan con el concepto <em>habitus</em> desde los clivajes: marginación, densidad poblacional y estilos de consumo, debido a la conexión de patrones en las preferencias electorales para la contienda a la Jefatura Delegacional en Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México. Para identificar pautas socio-espaciales de comportamiento electoral, se utilizan los sistemas de información geográfica como herramienta metodológica. A partir de la distinción de la apropiación del espacio y estilos de consumo, desde la densidad poblacional y los grados de marginación, se analiza el comportamiento electoral en Miguel Hidalgo; se suman coincidencias encontradas a partir de georreferencias. </p><p> </p><p> </p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p><a title="" href="#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Pierre Bourdieu, <em>Capital cultural, escuela y espacio social</em>, Siglo xxi Editores, México, 2002, p. 33.</p></div><div><p><a title="" href="#_ftnref2">[2]</a> El habitus como ‘sistemas de disposiciones duraderas transferibles, estructuras estructuradas predispuestas a funcionar como estructuras estructuradoras, es decir, como principios generadores y organizadores de prácticas y de representaciones que pueden ser objetivamente adaptadas a su meta sin suponer el propósito consciente a ciertos fines ni el dominio expreso de las operaciones necesarias para alcanzarlos, objetivamente “reguladas” y “regulares” sin ser para nada el producto de la obediencia a determinadas reglas, y por todo ello, colectivamente orquestadas sin ser producto de la acción organizadora de un director de orquesta” Pierre Bourdieu, <em>El sentido práctico</em>, Siglo XXI Editores, México, 2007, p. 86.</p><p> </p></div></div>
Validation of Plasma Biomarker Candidates for the Prediction of eGFR Decline in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Heinzel Andreas , Kammer Michael , Mayer Gert , Reindl-Schwaighofer Roman , Hu Karin , Perco Paul , Eder Susanne , Rosivall Laszlo , Mark Patrick B. , Ju Wenjun , Kretzler Matthias , Gilmour Peter , Wilson Jonathan M. , Duffin Kevin L. , Abdalla Moustafa , McCarthy Mark I. , Heinze Georg , Heerspink Hiddo L. , Wiecek Andrzej , Gomez Maria F. , Oberbauer Rainer 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE
The decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes is variable, and early interventions would likely be cost-effective. We elucidated the contribution of 17 plasma biomarkers to the prediction of eGFR loss on top of clinical risk factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied participants in PROVALID (PROspective cohort study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for VALIDation of biomarkers), a prospective multinational cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes and a follow-up of more than 24 months (n = 2,560; baseline median eGFR, 84 mL/min/1.73 m2; urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, 8.1 mg/g). The 17 biomarkers were measured at baseline in 481 samples using Luminex and ELISA. The prediction of eGFR decline was evaluated by linear mixed modeling.

RESULTS
In univariable analyses, 9 of the 17 markers showed significant differences in median concentration between stable and fast-progressing patients. A linear mixed model for eGFR obtained by variable selection exhibited an adjusted R2 of 62%. A panel of 12 biomarkers was selected by the procedure and accounted for 34% of the total explained variability, of which 32% was due to 5 markers. The individual contribution of each biomarker to the prediction of eGFR decline on top of clinical predictors was generally low. When included into the model, baseline eGFR exhibited the largest explained variability of eGFR decline (R2 of 79%), and the contribution of each biomarker dropped below 1%.

CONCLUSIONS
In this longitudinal study of patients with type 2 diabetes and maintained eGFR at baseline, 12 of the 17 candidate biomarkers were associated with eGFR decline, but their predictive power was low.
Lo que importa es la pregunta. Aportes de la Economía Política Internacional en Latinoamérica para el debate en el contexto de crisis de la globalización
Authors: Zelicovich Julieta 
Published: July 2018

En el artículo se analizan las características del desarrollo reciente de la Economía Política Internacional en la región latinoamericana. Se busca resaltar la contribución de la Economía Política Internacional a las Relaciones Internacionales, para cuestionar los procesos de transformación en curso, definidos como crisis de globalización. Para ello se recopilan las preguntas de investigación de una serie de trabajos de reciente publicación, a través de las cuales puede apreciarse la capacidad crítica de este campo de estudio.
Palabras claves: Economía Política Internacional, Relaciones Internacionales, Crisis deglobalización.
Participación de Chile en el Consejo de Defensa Suramericano: moderación y pragmatismo
Authors: Riquelme Rivera Jorge 
Published: July 2018

El artículo analiza la participación de Chile en el Consejo de Defensa Suramericano (CDS), desde su establecimiento en diciembre de 2008. En tal sentido, se sostiene que la contribución en dicho consejo forma parte importante de la prioridad latinoamericana declarada por la política exterior chilena. Asimismo, se argumenta que, al igual que en su participación en otras instancias de integración regional, el país ha asumido con moderación y pragmatismo sus actividades en dicho consejo. Ello ha supuesto que, junto con participar activamente en el CDS, Chile continúe fuertemente comprometido con el esquema hemisférico de seguridad y defensa.
Palabras Claves: Política Exterior de Chile, Política de Defensa, Consejo de Defensa Suramericano.
La burocracia norteamericana y el cambio de Política Exterior. La transición a la política de Derechos Humanos de Carter hacia la Argentina (1976-1977)
Authors: Avenburg Alejandro 
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo analiza el rol del Departamento de Estado y de la embajada norteamericana en Buenos Aires en el proceso de implementación de la política de derechos humanos de la administración Carter hacia la Argentina. Diversos trabajos han destacado la resistencia de dichos sectores a la implementación de esta política. Utilizando documentos desclasificados del Departamento de Estado, analizamos aquí dos canales de implementación: el de las sanciones económicas y militares y el de los contactos privados bilaterales. Argumentamos que si bien estos actores se opusieron a la implementación de sanciones hacia la Argentina, en el canal diplomático bilateral hubo un consistente mensaje abogando por la implementación de medidas que buscaban mejoras en la situación de los derechos humanos.
Palabras clave: Derechos Humanos, Burocracia, Carter, Argentina.
Tensiones por usos y necesidades diferenciadas en el periurbano de La Plata: producir o vivir
Authors: Paggi María Guillermina , Di Croce Garay Andrea 
Published: July 2018

La ocupación del periurbano de las ciudades es epicentro de conflictos derivados de usos diferenciados del territorio. En el caso de La Plata, los dos principales usos son el residencial (principalmente informales) y el productivo (la ciudad posee uno de los cordones frutihortícolas más importantes regionalmente). En ese contexto, la ocupación de terrenos a escala local se convirtió en un fenómeno cotidiano en los últimos años, expresión -entre otras cosas- de este conflicto entre usos.
El artículo propone un recorrido conceptual sobre el periurbano, un análisis de los procesos históricos de cada uno de los mencionados usos principales a escala local, y la presentación de un primer avance de un trabajo de registro de tomas de tierras en La Plata durante el año 2015.
Analysis of the Keynesian Theory of Employment and Sectoral Job Creation: The Case of the South African Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Habanabakize Thomas , Muzindutsi Paul-Francois 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The manufacturing sector is one of the backbones of the South African economy, and yet is one of the economic sectors facing challenges in job creation. This study analysed the long-run and short-run effects of aggregate expenditure components on job creation in the South African manufacturing sector. A Vector Autoregressive (VAR) with Johansen co-integration approach was used to analyse quarterly data from 1994 to 2015. The findings are that there is a long-run relationship between aggregate expenditure and job creation in the South African manufacturing sector, with government and investment spending being the major components of aggregate expenditure that create jobs in the South African manufacturing sector. Conversely, consumption spending destroys jobs in the manufacturing sector, while net exports have no significant effect on job creation. The short-run relationship between variables was not significant. Recommendations are that more effort should be put into investment spending, and government should spend more on investment than on consumption spending - in order to increase job creation in the manufacturing sector.
Differences in Men’s and Women’s Wages in the Education Sector in the Baltic Sea Region States
Authors: Matuszewska-Janica Aleksandra 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the presented study, we analyse the men and women wage differences in the education sector and in the group of people employed as professional teachers in the Baltic Sea Region countries. For the analysis, we have applied one-equation econometric models and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique in the expansion proposed by Oaxaca and Ransom. The data are taken from the EU Structure of Earnings Survey of 2014. The obtained results show that the men and women wage gap for the analysed groups varies considerably among the analysed countries. We can also note that the GPG ratios in the education sector are usually lower than those at a national level. In addition, we can remark that in the states where remuneration systems are more transparent (Germany, Sweden), the level of explanation of ‘raw’ wage gaps is much higher than in other countries.
Approximate Method of Estimation of Exponential Trend Parameters for Forecasting Process Purposes
Authors: Bednarz-Okrzyńska Kamila 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The paper discusses the issue of estimation of exponential trend parameters in terms of its application in the forecast process. Due to the character of a random element, three models were considered: additive, multiplicative, and mixed. For estimating trend parameters, a log transformation method, least squares method, and approximate methods were applied. As a result of computer simulations, high sensitivity of the log transformation method with regard to the assumed random element model was noticed. This method yields the smallest value of ex post error for the multiplicative model but is burdened with a large error for the additive model, where the estimated parameter B takes large values (B > 0.24). In the paper, a new approximate method of estimation of exponential trend parameters is proposed. The method is compared with approximate formulas presented in the paper by Purczyński (2008).
EVALUASI FUNGSI ESTETIKA, KENYAMANAN DAN KESELAMATAN JALUR HIJAU JALAN (STUDI KASUS JALAN PROF. ALI HASJMY)
Authors: Fakhrurradhi Fakhrurradhi , Isya Muhammad , Irwansyah Mirza 
Published: July 2018

The Green path in the road is the part of the landscape in the space area of the road which has safety and comfortability function to the road users, supporting education activities, recreation, conservation aesthetics, and area identity and become a character of a city. The plant is the main element in structuring the green road path. The plant functions on the road landscapes are to reduce exposure to direct sunlight and vehicle lights, as a director, physical barrier, movement control, microclimate controller, and wildlife habitat. The arrangement of plant placement in the green path in the area belong to the road likes tree, shrubs which by the principal and regulation of design will deliver more impact regarding aesthetics. This research purpose is to conduct the assessment against trees planting in the green path of the road regarding aesthetic, comfort and safety, effectively to support the layout of Banda Aceh city. Identifying technical incompatibility of tree planting that occurs on the green path of the road and also the need of strategy determine the implementation of the green path of the road.The purpose of this research is to identify the placement of tree on green road path and define the implementation strategy on the implementation of green road path by using a qualitative descriptive method which is supported by perceptions of officials and expert respondents. Sources of data to be used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The analysis result obtained three alternative strategies that is 1) Increase the quantity and quality of trees and improving the planting systems regulation, spacing, and tree species (type). 2) Improve the socialization of green open space masterplan of Banda Aceh city and technical regulations of green road path to utilize open space in space belong to the road and road monitoring room. 3) Increase community participation and support and related parties in creating a systematic green road path according to Green Open Space master plan and technical regulation of green road path
Language Policy of Ukraine as a Source of Ethno-Political Destabilization
Authors: Medvedev N. P. , Krasnov L. N. 
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the language policy on political stability in Ukraine. The article examines the current provisions of the Ukrainian legislation related to the development of language policy, as well as the provisions of the latest draft laws on the status of languages in Ukraine. The authors have analyzed recent trends in the development of language policy, which are a source of destabilization in modern Ukraine.The problem of ethno-political stability becomes one of the key problems for the modern Ukrainian state. This issue was on a par with socio-economic issues and foreign policy interaction. Its scientific analysis is necessary to determine the impact of the state language policy implemented in Ukraine on the development of all regions of the country, which have significant differences in their national composition, history and traditions. In this context, the study of this issue has not only theoretical but also practical importance.One of the draft laws regulating the language sphere assumes that foreign citizens who intend to obtain Ukrainian citizenship will have to take exams in the Ukrainian language. The required level of proficiency will be determined by the national Commission on the standards of the Ukrainian language. It will be created if the bill is passed by Parliament. This Commission will be entrusted with the task of determining the necessary level of proficiency in the state language for the persons willing to occupy certain positions.The bill provides for the introduction of mandatory use of the state Ukrainian language by various authorities. It provides for the use of the Ukrainian language not only for documentation, but also for pre-election campaigns carried out at the expense of the state budget. The main trends that occur in the language sphere of Ukraine prove that they are part of the processes that occur in all the former republics of the USSR. They include the revival of interest in the national language and national culture, the desire to expand the social functions of the national language in different spheres of communication in each of the newly independent states and constitute a part of the process of statehood assertion.
The political process in Kazakhstan at the present stage
Authors: Seidumanov A. S. 
Published: July 2018

In recent decades, the political process in Kazakhstan has gone through several stages of its development. Each of them was associated with the specifics development of the Kazakh state, reflecting, among other things, the level of economic and social development.After gaining independence, the political process in Kazakhstan was held in the conditions of growing economic problems, reorientation of trade and economic relations. The country’s leadership faced the need to address urgent socio-economic tasks and, at the same time, to prevent political chaos and anarchy.Formation and subsequent development of the institution of the presidency, the formation of the party system, the development of parliamentarism required the alterations, and subsequently the adoption of a new version of the Basic Law of Kazakhstan. Its adoption made it possible to achieve the functioning of a strong presidential power in the country, combined with the presence of ideological pluralism, the development of the party system.The problems of Kazakhstan’s political development were constantly in the field of view of the country’s leadership. After 2007, the president of the country initiated a course for a gradual redistribution of powers between the executive and legislative branches of power. The task was set to expand the powers of the legislature, while maintaining a strong presidential branch of power. Such changes were dictated by the tasks of Kazakhstan’s political development, its economy, active participation in integration projects, as well as greater involvement of the country in world political processes.In the past few years, the political process in Kazakhstan has been marked by large-scale changes that reflect the incompleteness of political reform. A key element of the transformation is the creation of a system of power in which strengthening the presidential-parliamentary form of government will reflect the need to strengthen the role of parties. At the same time, in 2017– early 2018 various initiatives aimed at enhancing the stability of the existing political system are discussed in the country, which should give greater stability and predictability to the political process in Kazakhstan, creating the basis for its stable social and economic development.