bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can threatened species adapt in a restored habitat? No expected evolutionary response in lay date for the New Zealand hihi
Authors: de Villemereuil Pierre , Rutschmann Alexis , Ewen John G. , Santure Anna W. , Brekke Patricia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany bird species have been observed shifting their laying date to earlier in the year in response to climate change. However, the vast majority of these studies were performed on non‐threatened species, less impacted by reduced genetic diversity (which is expected to limit evolutionary response) as a consequence of genetic bottlenecks, drift and population isolation. Here, we study the relationship between lay date and fitness, as well as its genetic basis, to understand the evolutionary constraints on phenology faced by threatened species using a recently reintroduced population of the endangered New Zealand passerine, the hihi (Notiomystis cincta). A large discrepancy between the optimal laying date and the mode of laying date creates a strong selection differential of −11.24. The impact of this discrepancy on fitness is principally mediated through survival of offspring from hatchling to fledgling. This discrepancy does not seem to arise from a difference in female quality or a trade‐off with lifetime breeding success. We find that start of breeding season depends on female age and average temperature prior to the breeding season. Laying date is not found to be significantly heritable. Overall, our research suggests that this discrepancy is a burden on hihi fitness, which will not be resolved through evolution or phenotypic plasticity. More generally, these results show that threatened species introduced to restored habitats might lack adaptive potential and plasticity to adjust their phenology to their new environment. This constraint is also likely to limit their ability to face future challenges, including climate change.
Probabilistic prediction of minimum fatigue life behaviour in α + β titanium alloys
Authors: Golden Patrick J. , Whitney‐Rawls Ashley , Jha Sushant K. , Porter, III W. John , Buchanan Dennis , Prasad Kartik , Chandravanshi Vivek , Kumar Vikas , John Reji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe objective of this work was to develop and demonstrate a probabilistic life prediction method for the prediction of minimum fatigue lives that are typically used in the design of fracture critical rotating turbine engine components. A Monte Carlo analysis was used to predict the variability in fatigue lives based on the distribution of microstructural features that lead to early crack initiation as well as the variability in small fatigue crack growth rates. Two titanium alloys, both with bimodal microstructures, were tested and analysed in this study. The distribution of critical microstructural features was calibrated based on test results and understanding of microstructure neighbourhood effects. Testing was conducted on both alloys and included both smooth and notched specimens. The predictions are presented and compared with the data for smooth and notch geometries for the various loading conditions. A parametric study was performed to identify the importance of several model inputs and to identify areas for future improvement.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality at Yuncheng Basin: Denotation for the Water Management in China
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Gao Xubo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDramatic decreases in groundwater quality have raised widespread concerns about water supplies and ecological crises in China. In this study, hydrochemistry, stable isotopes, and graphical and multivariate statistical methods are integrated to identify hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in the Yuncheng Basin, China. Our results show that groundwater with 21 variables (pH, temperature‐T, total dissolved solid, major‐trace elements, and stable isotopes) is chemically classified into three distinct clusters: fresh water [C1], brackish‐saline water [C2], and saline water [C3]. Groundwater salinization is identified as the prime process in controlling groundwater quality for shallow groundwater and deep groundwater in the lowland areas. Large‐scale As, F, or B contaminations found in groundwater are closely related to groundwater salinization, agricultural activity, and the exploration of geothermal water in the area. With respect to the risk of contamination, groundwater in the basin is spatially divided into the following: shallow groundwater with a high risk located in the north side of the Salt Lake, shallow groundwater with a moderate risk, and deep groundwater with a low to moderate risk. Nationally, the increasing demand on groundwater is threatened by a range of environmental and health pressures, including salinization and contaminations of nitrate, As, F, or B. Our study indicates that natural water‐rock interactions and hydrogeological conditions are significant factors controlling these contaminations. Systematic management and regulation of existing groundwater resources are required to prevent further deterioration of groundwater resources. Policies should be made and implemented to ensure “green” exploitation of geothermal water.
Evaluation of a project to engage patients in the development of a patient‐reported measure forHIVcare (the I‐Score Study)
Authors: Lessard David , Engler Kim , Toupin Isabelle ,   I‐Score Consulting Team, Routy Jean‐Pierre , Lebouché Bertrand 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatient engagement (PE), patients’ meaningful involvement in research through partnerships and sensitivity to their expertise, is receiving attention. However,PEinitiatives are poorly reported and little is known about patients’ perspective onPE.ObjectiveTo document and evaluate the first phase (22 months) of aPEProject for the I‐Score Study which is developing a patient‐reported measure ofHIVtreatment adherence barriers, we describe the nature ofPEconducted, determine the level ofPEachieved and present its impacts from the engaged patients’ perspective.Setting and participantsA Montreal‐based committee of ten people withHIVwas recruited from community and clinical settings and participated in: I‐Score study decision making, knowledge dissemination, research on the experience of people withHIVand thePEproject's evaluation.MethodsThe evaluation followed a convergent parallel mixed‐methods design. Data collection included participant observation, a satisfaction survey and meeting minutes/transcriptions. Analysis entailed reportingPEactivities, generating descriptive statistics and thematically analysing qualitative material.ResultsPEconsisted of twelve meetings, including two focus groups (needs assessment), in addition to four knowledge dissemination activities.PElevels showed an increase: the first four regular meetings entailed information/consultation, while subsequent meetings reached implication/collaboration. Regarding impacts, patients indicated high and stable satisfaction rates (M = 4.4/5;SD = 0.76). Furthermore, thematic analysis identified “positive interactions,” “co‐learning,” “self‐determination,” and “the collective management of confidentiality” as importantPEimpacts for engaged patients.ConclusionThisPEProject evaluation highlighted growing engagement levels, high satisfaction rates and the importance of a patient‐centric approach toPE.
Persistence of an imperiled specialist bee and its rare host plant in a protected area
Authors: Portman Zachary M. , Tepedino Vincent J. , Tripodi Amber D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

The Mojave Desert of the southwestern U.S. is home to two protected species of poppy in the genus Arctomecon Torr. & Frém. (Papaveraceae). A pollinator of these species is the specialist bee Perdita meconis Griswold (Andrenidae) a specialist on poppy pollen.

Recently, the easternmost population of P. meconis, which was associated with A. humilis Coville in Utah, has become locally extinct, and other historically associated bee pollinators have become scarce. Implicated in the disruption of this pollination system is invasion by the Africanised honey bee.

Here we report on the status of P. meconis in historic populations associated with congener A. californica Torr. & Frém., 100 km west in Clark Co., Nevada where the Africanised honey bee is also adventive.

We surveyed flower visitors at eight A. californica populations in 2017, six of which had been surveyed in 1995. In general, we found no disruptions of the historic pollination system of A. californica despite the presence of abundant Africanised honey bees, which largely foraged at other flower species.

The most likely cause of the disparate effects of the Africanised honey bee in Utah and Nevada is livestock grazing. Grazing in Utah has been continuous for over three decades and while cattle do not graze A. humilis, they graze its floral competitors, forcing honey bees to forage on poppy flowers. In Nevada, protections afforded to the desert tortoise halted grazing approximately when the Africanised honey bee invaded, making diverse floral forage available for honey bees.
Prevalence of probable sleep bruxism and associated factors in Brazilian schoolchildren
Authors: Drumond Clarissa Lopes , Ramos‐Jorge Joana , Vieira‐Andrade Raquel Gonçalves , Paiva Saul Martins , Serra‐Negra Júnia Maria Cheib , Ramos‐Jorge Maria Letícia 
Published: October 2018

AimTo determine the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and associated factors among schoolchildren.DesignThis cross‐sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of 440 schoolchildren. The children were submitted to a clinical oral examination for the evaluation of tooth wear and/or muscle discomfort. Parents/caregivers filled out a questionnaire with information related to characteristic sounds of sleep bruxism, sociodemographic factors, and the presence of harmful oral habits of children. The stress of the mothers was measured through the Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults (LSSI) instrument. The child's stress was measured through the Child Stress Scale (CSS). Data analysis included descriptive analysis and hierarchical Poisson regression (95% CI, P < 0.05).ResultsThe prevalence of PSB was 40.0% (n = 176). The final Poisson regression model showed that PSB was significantly more prevalent in children with a history of nail biting (PR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.19‐1.90; P = 0.001) and biting objects (PR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03‐1.63; P = 0.025) and less prevalent among girls (PR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63‐0.98; P = 0.033).ConclusionsThe prevalence of PSB in schoolchildren was high. Schoolchildren with a history of nail biting and biting objects had a higher prevalence of PSB.
The intermittent travelling salesman problem
Authors: Pham Tu‐San , Leyman Pieter , De Causmaecker Patrick 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a new variant of the travelling salesman problem, namely the intermittent travelling salesman problem (ITSP), which is inspired by real‐world drilling/texturing applications. In this problem, each vertex can be visited more than once and there is a temperature constraint enforcing a time lapse between two consecutive visits. A branch‐and‐bound approach is proposed to solve small instances to optimality. We furthermore develop four variable neighbourhood search metaheuristics which produce high‐quality solutions for large instances. An instance library is built and made publicly available.
Australian rice varieties vary in grain yield response to heat stress during reproductive and grain filling stages
Authors: Ali Fawad , Waters Daniel L.E. , Ovenden Ben , Bundock Peter , Raymond Carolyn A. , Rose Terry J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractClimate change may lead to an increase in both day and night time temperatures in rice (Oryza sativa L) growing regions, but the impact of such temperature increases on yields of Australian rice varieties is not known. We evaluated the biomass and grain yield response of eleven Australian rice varieties including long, medium and short grain types, and the Californian cultivar M205, to heat stress during the reproductive phase and grain filling stages. Heat stress (day/night = 35/25°C) was applied at one of three stages: from panicle exertion to anthesis (PE), from anthesis to 10 days after anthesis (EGF) and from 10–20 days after anthesis (LGF) periods after which the effect on biomass and grain yield was compared to control plants. When heat stress was applied at PE and early grain filling stages, mean grain yield losses across rice varieties were 83% and 53%, respectively, though significant genotype × heat stress treatment interactions were observed. Notably, three varieties—YRM 67, Koshihikari and Opus—appeared to possess greater tolerance to heat stress at these growth stages. A significant genotype × heat stress treatment interaction was also observed in the LGF treatment, where significant yield reductions were only observed in Opus (21% loss) and YRM 67 (25% loss). A lack of effect of heat stress on total grain yield in most varieties at late grain filling appeared to be due to late tiller grain yields which were either unaffected by the heat stress or increased significantly compared to control plants. While genetic variation for tolerance to heat stress across the three growth stages was observed, there was no rice genotype that was consistently tolerant (in terms of yield under stress) across all three heat stress treatments. In the absence of a genotype that showed broad heat stress tolerance during reproductive growth, we suggest screening of a wider pool of more diverse rice germplasm is warranted.
Public knowledge and expectations about dispatcher assistance in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Mathiesen Wenche T. , Birkenes Tonje S. , Lund Helene , Ushakova Anastasia , Søreide Eldar , Bjørshol Conrad A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the factors associated with the knowledge and expectations among the general public about dispatcher assistance in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest incidents.BackgroundIn medical dispatch centres, emergency calls are frequently operated by specially trained nurses as dispatchers. In cardiac arrest incidents, efficient communication between the dispatcher and the caller is vital for prompt recognition and treatment of the cardiac arrest.DesignA cross‐sectional observational survey containing six questions and seven demographic items.MethodFrom January–June 2017 we conducted standardized interviews among 500 members of the general public in Norway. In addition to explorative statistical methods, we used multivariate logistic analysis.ResultsMost participants expected cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions, while few expected “help in deciding what to do.” More than half regarded the bystanders present to be responsible for the decision to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Most participants were able to give the correct emergency medical telephone number. The majority knew that the emergency call would not be terminated until the ambulance arrived at the scene. However, only one‐third knew that the emergency telephone number operator was a trained nurse.ConclusionThe public expect cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions from the emergency medical dispatcher. However, the majority assume it is the responsibility of the bystanders to make the decision to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation or not. Based on these findings, cardiopulmonary resuscitation training initiatives and public campaigns should focus more on the role of the emergency medical dispatcher as the team leader of the first resuscitation team in cardiac arrest incidents.
Harnessing the power of clinician judgement. Identifying risk of deteriorating and dying in people with a haematological malignancy: A Delphi study
Authors: Button Elise , Gavin Nicole C. , Chan Raymond J. , Connell Shirley , Butler Jason , Yates Patsy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo provide expert consensus on the clinical indicators that signal a person with a haematological malignancy is at high risk of deteriorating and dying.BackgroundIdentification of people who are at risk of deteriorating and dying is essential to facilitate patient autonomy, appropriate treatment decisions, and effective end‐of‐life care.DesignA three‐step modified Delphi approach.MethodsThe study was conducted over 6 months (September 2015–March 2016) to gather opinion from an international panel of experts (N = 27) on the clinical indicators that signal a person with a haematological malignancy is at high risk of deteriorating and dying. The first round was informed by a systematic review of prognostic factors present in the final months of life for people with a haematological malignancy. Consensus was achieved if 70% of responses fell within two points on a seven‐point Likert‐type scale.FindingsConsensus was achieved on the following 11 clinical indicators: (a) advancing age; (b) declining performances status; (c) presence of co‐morbidities; (d) disease status; (e) persistent infections (bacterial and viral); (f) fungal infections; (g) severe graft versus host disease; (h) requiring high care; (i) signs of frailty; (j) treatment limitations; and (k) anorexia and/or weight loss. Consensus was also achieved on associated themes and statements for each indicator.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that subjective clinician‐assessed indicators that are contextually relevant to the nature of haematological malignancies are markers of risk. This study has provided valuable preliminary findings on the topic and will inform future research.
Emergence of informal clinical leadership as a catalyst for improving patient care quality and job satisfaction
Authors: Boamah Sheila A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsTo analyse the critical attributes of clinical leadership and test a model linking clinical leadership behaviours of staff nurses to patient care quality and job satisfaction.BackgroundResearch has historically proclaimed the beneficial effects of clinical leadership for optimizing care and improving patient outcomes. Few studies, however, have assessed the influence of clinical leadership at the staff nurse level and empirically tested the concept.DesignA predictive cross‐sectional design was used in this study.MethodsData were collected during January 2016 using a survey questionnaire. A random sample of Registered nurses working in direct care positions in acute care hospitals was surveyed. The hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling in the analysis of a moment structures software.ResultsNurses reported higher levels of clinical leadership skills in their practice. Staff nurses’ use of clinical leadership behaviours directly and positively influenced the quality of care they given to patients and their satisfaction in the workplace.ConclusionThe findings indicate that informal leadership at the clinical level may be an underused asset in health care and if identified and developed, staff nurse clinical leaders have potential to improve the delivery of patient care and may offer a tangible solution to the patient safety conundrum.
Real‐time PCR assays for rapid detection of Zeugodacus cucumis and Bactrocera jarvisi (Diptera: Tephritidae) for quarantine application
Authors: Li Dongmei , Nair Sreelakshmi , Anderson Diane , Doddala Prasad , Gunawardana Disna N. , George Sherly 
Published: October 2018

AbstractZeugodacus cucumis and Bactrocera jarvisi are pests of fruit and vegetable crops and cause damage to horticulture industries. Immature stages of these two fruit fly species have been intercepted in New Zealand a number of times. Identification to species was not possible using morphological characters; thus, it is important to develop an assay for their species‐level identification. Here, the real‐time PCR assays for rapid identification of Z. cucumis and B. jarvisi were developed and validated. The PCR protocols demonstrated their specificity by amplifying the two target species successfully, with no cross‐reactions observed in the tested tephritid species. The in silico test of the primer and probe binding sites of the two assays also demonstrated the assays’ specificity by no mismatches present in the binding regions of the target species, but 1–4 mismatches in the binding regions of the non‐target fruit fly species. The thresholds of detection for the two assays are as low as 10 copies/µl of the target DNA, indicating that the assays have a very high sensitivity. The application of the real‐time PCR assays has greatly assisted in routine pest identifications at the New Zealand border and surveillance programme. Therefore, the assays have the potential to be used by diagnostic agencies and research organizations worldwide.
Risk of bias and the reporting of surgeons' experience in randomized controlled trials of total hip and total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review
Authors: Carroll Christopher , Mahmood Faizan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe potential bias introduced by surgeons' lack of comparable, relevant experience when performing the procedures in different arms of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is arguably not well‐managed or reported. The aim of this work was to review the frequency and nature with which surgeons' relevant experience is reported in RCTs of total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and to relate this to other risk of bias domains for this study design.MethodsA systematic review of RCTs comparing different minimally invasive procedures for TKA and comparisons of THA and hemiarthroplasty (HA). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, The Cochrane Library, Conference Proceedings Citation Index‐Science (CPCI‐S), Current Controlled Trials, and Clinical Trials.gov.ResultsSeventy‐five relevant RCTs were identified, 65 RCTs comparing minimally invasive with standard or other minimally invasive approaches to TKA, and 10 for THA compared with HA. Risk of bias based on the reported details of surgeons' relevant experience was categorized as low, high, or unclear. There was a clear distinction before and after 2009, with a substantial decrease in trials at high or unclear risk of bias after this date. There were no strong associations between this domain and other, standard risk of bias domains for RCTs.ConclusionThe surgeons' relevant experience in an evaluated procedure is often poorly reported but has improved since 2009. The variable is not adequately captured by any other risk of bias domain. Future work should concentrate on conducting research on a much larger sample of studies and in procedures other than knee and hip arthroplasty.