bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five‐year study of mandibular overdentures on stud abutments: Clinical outcome, patient satisfaction and prosthetic maintenance—Influence of bone resorption and implant position
Authors: Matthys Carine , Vervaeke Stijn , Besseler Jos , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis prospective study analyses the 5‐year clinical outcome, patient satisfaction and the technical outcome of a 2‐implant overdenture on stud abutments. In addition, the influence of mandibular resorption and implant position on these outcomes was assessed.Material and methodsPatients received two implants in a one‐stage delayed protocol. Final prosthesis on stud abutments was finalized after 3 months. Implant survival, bone loss, plaque and sulcus bleeding index, OHIP‐14, technical outcome and costs were assessed after 5 years. The Cawood–Howell classification defined the mandibular resorption. Inter‐implant distances and angles (frontal, sagittal) were digitally measured. The significance level wasp < .05.ResultsFifty‐six patients, 23 female and 33 males (mean age = 66.3, range 41–82), completed the follow‐up. No implants were lost. Radiographical crestal bone loss was on average 1.25 mm (standard deviationSD1.06), bleeding index was 0.75 (SD0.73), and plaque index was 1.15 (SD0.75) and higher for low mandibles (p = .001). The OHIP‐14 reduction post‐connection and after 5 years was significant (p < .001). Five‐year maintenance required on average 6.7 (SD4.8, range 0–25) interventions per patient. A larger inter‐implant distance was associated with fewer replacement of retention inserts (p = .034) and less interventions (p = .006). Larger frontal (p = .023) and sagittal (p = .046) inter‐implant angles (non‐parallelism) required more inserts. The maintenance cost negatively influences the patient satisfaction (p = .004). 83% of the stud abutments showed wear.ConclusionThe implant overdenture on cylindrical stud abutments is a good and stable solution, irrespective of the resorption profile of the mandible. OHIP‐14 improved permanently up to 5 years but is negatively influenced by complication cost. A small inter‐implant distance, more frontal, sagittal inter‐implant divergence increased maintenance.
Behind the Seven Veils of Inequality. What if it's all about the Struggle within just One Half of the Population over just One Half of the National Income?
Authors: Palma José Gabriel 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis article addresses three main issues: why there is such a huge diversity of disposable income inequality across the world, why there is such a deterioration of market inequality among countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and why inequality seems to move in ‘waves’. There are many underlying questions: does diversity reflect a variety of fundamentals, or a multiplicity of power structures and choice? Is rising market inequality the product of somehow ‘exogenous’ factors (e.g., r>g), or of complex interactions between political settlements and market failures? How do we get through the veils obscuring these interactions and distorting our vision of the often self‐constructed nature of inequality? Has neoliberal globalization broadened the scope for ‘distributional failures’ by, for example, triggering a process of ‘reverse catching‐up’ in the OECD, so that highly unequal middle‐income countries like those in Latin America now embody the shape of things to come? Are we all converging towards features such as mobile élites creaming off the rewards of economic growth, and ‘magic realist’ politics that lack self‐respect if not originality? Should I say, ‘Welcome to the Third World’? In this paper I also develop a new approach for examining and measuring inequality (distance from distributive targets), and a new concept of ‘distributional waves’. The article concludes that, to understand current distributive dynamics, what matters is to comprehend the forces determining the share of the rich — and, in terms of growth, what they choose to do with it (and how they are allowed do it).
The Urbanization of the Sanitation Crisis: Placing Waste in the City
Authors: McFarlane Colin 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTSanitation systems are the most vital provisions in a city. Today, however, the global sanitation crisis is urbanizing, and growing numbers of city residents live with the struggle and consequences of not having safe, reliable facilities. While there is a large and vibrant literature on sanitation and cities, we have yet to account for the specifically urban nature of the deepening sanitation crisis in the global South. This article sets out a framework for understanding the dimensions of the urban sanitation crisis through a relational approach comprising five areas: people, life, things, spaces and distributions. Drawing on literature and research on urban sanitation in the global South, the author argues that if research, policy and practice is to better understand and respond to challenges of urban sanitation poverty, an expansive conception of its specifically urban dimensions is crucial.
Risk of clinically relevant hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes self‐titrating insulin glargine U‐100
Authors: Hollander Priscilla A. , Kiljanski Jacek , Spaepen Erik , Harris Cynthia J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsWe evaluated risk factors for clinically relevant hypoglycaemia (blood glucose <3 mmol/L) in patients with type 2 diabetes during insulin glargine self‐titration. Data were from two clinical trials in which patients were able to improve glycaemic control by self‐titration of insulin glargine using a simple algorithm.Materials and MethodsWe performed post hoc analyses of pooled treatment groups from each of two Phase 3 studies comparing LY2963016 with LANTUS: ELEMENT‐2 (double‐blind) and ELEMENT‐5 (open label). Clinically relevant hypoglycaemia was analysed by category of HbA1c (<7%, 7%‐8.5%, >8.5%) at Week 12 (titration period) and at Week 24 (overall study), and by subgroups of age (<65, ≥65 years) and previous insulin use (naïve or not).ResultsIn the ELEMENT‐2 study (N = 756), there were no overall differences in rate or incidence of hypoglycaemia among HbA1c categories. In the ELEMENT‐5 study (N = 493), patients with HbA1c greater than 8.5% had a lower rate and incidence of hypoglycaemia throughout the study compared to those in the lower HbA1c categories. In both studies, patients 65 years of age or older, compared to those less than 65 years, had a higher rate and incidence of hypoglycaemia during the titration phase, had lower baseline HbA1c, and experienced smaller increases in dose, with no differences in HbA1c post baseline. The rate and incidence of hypoglycaemia was similar between naïve patients and patients previously using basal insulin, across all levels of glycaemic control. With the exception of the older subgroup, hypoglycaemia rates were similar during titration and maintenance periods.ConclusionOur results support broader use of self‐titration algorithms for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Effects of dapagliflozin on urinary metabolites in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mulder Skander , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , Darshi Manjula , Kim Jiwan J. , Laverman Gozewijn D. , Sharma Kumar , Pena Michelle J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin on a pre‐specified panel of 13 urinary metabolites linked to mitochondrial metabolism in people with type 2 diabetes and elevated urine albumin levels.Materials and methodsUrine and plasma samples were used from a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover trial in 31 people with type 2 diabetes, with an albumin:creatinine ratio >100 mg/g, and who were on a stable dose of an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Dapagliflozin or placebo treatment periods each lasted 6 weeks, with a 6‐week washout period in between. Urinary and plasma metabolites were quantified by gas‐chromatography mass spectrometry, corrected for creatinine level, and then combined into a single‐valued urinary metabolite index. Fractional excretion of the metabolites was calculated.ResultsAll 13 urinary metabolites were detectable. After 6 weeks of dapagliflozin therapy, nine of the 13 metabolites were significantly increased from baseline. The urinary metabolite index increased by 42% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.5 to 85.6; P = .01) with placebo versus 121% (95% CI 69 to 189; P < .001) with dapaglifozin. The placebo‐adjusted effect was 56% (95% CI 11 to 118; P = .012). In plasma, seven of the 13 metabolites were detectable, and none was modified by dapagliflozin.ConclusionsDapagliflozin significantly increased a panel of urinary metabolites previously linked to mitochondrial metabolism. These data support the hypothesis that SGLT2 inhibitors improve mitochondrial function, and improvements in mitochondrial function could be a mechanism for kidney protection. Future studies with longer treatment duration and clinical outcomes are needed to confirm the clinical impact of these findings.
Is Serum Amyloid A elevated in horses with equine gastric ulcer syndrome?
Authors: Spanton J. A. , Smith L. , Mair T. S. 
Published: July 2019

SummarySerum Amyloid A (SAA) is an acute‐phase protein. Increased concentrations are seen in response to inflammatory stimuli. Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a common condition in the horse and has an inflammatory component, but there are few studies assessing SAA concentrations in horses with EGUS. The objective of this prospective cohort study was to assay SAA in horses presented for gastroscopy with suspected EGUS over a 2‐year period and to establish whether significant elevations in SAA concentration occur with any form of EGUS. Horses presented for gastroscopy for suspected EGUS had blood collected for SAA evaluation at the time of i.v. sedative administration. Two experienced clinicians reviewed the gastroscopic examinations and classified lesions according to the ECEIM EGUS consensus statement (2015). A total of 94 horses had 114 gastroscopic examinations. Twenty‐three horses were negative for EGUS, 25 had glandular EGUS, 38 had squamous EGUS, and 28 had both squamous and glandular EGUS. Four horses had SAA concentration >10 mg/L (range 11.4–104.7); one had mild multifocal pyloric ulceration, one had mild multifocal pyloric ulceration and grade 2 squamous ulceration, one had moderate multifocal pyloric ulceration and grade 1 squamous ulceration, and one had no ulceration. A limitation was that low sample numbers compromised the power of the study. It was concluded that no association was found between SAA concentrations and the presence or degree of squamous or glandular EGUS.
Failure mechanisms of friction stir spot welds of AA6061‐T6/DP590 steel during tensile‐shear testing
Authors: Niroumand‐Jadidi A. , Kashani‐Bozorg S.F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe tensile‐shear test was conducted for the evaluation of shear load and failure mechanisms of dissimilar friction stir spot weldments of AA6061‐T6/DP590 dual‐phase steel sheets. The joints were fabricated using a penetrated pin into the steel sheet (lower member). Such design resulted in the formation of a hook at the joint interface and an intermetallic compound layer (IMC) between the upper part of the hook and Al‐side. A maximum tensile‐shear load of ~2950 N was measured for the joint fabricated using a heat input of ~10 kJ; a lower strength was noted by varying the heat input. Partial plug was the failure mechanism in all joints. However, three different types of crack propagation paths were found depending on the heat input: along the interface between 6061 Al and IMC layer, thru 6061 Al near the joint interface, or within the IMC layer using relatively low, moderate, and high heat inputs.
Chemiluminescence imaging immunoassay for multiple aminoglycoside antibiotics in cow milk
Authors: Zeng Kun , Zhang Xuyun , Wei Dali , Huang Zhe , Cheng Sizhu , Chen Jiqing 
Published: July 2019

SummaryA simple and rapid multiplexed direct competitive chemiluminescent (CL) imaging immunoassay had been developed for the simultaneous detection of kanamycin (KAN) and streptomycin (STR), which were widely used against bacterial infections in animals. To achieve the multiplexed detection of the two targets, a microarray format based on nitrocellulose membranes (NCMs) has been designed. Then, the peroxidase activity of the captured HRP‐labelled immunocomplex in each channel was measured by an enhanced luminol‐based chemiluminescent solution using a cooled low‐light CCD with high resolution. For qualitative analysis, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.5 ng mL−1 for KAN and 3.13 ng mL−1 for STR by the naked eye. Through the CL data collected, KAN and STR could be detected quantitatively at the LOD of 0.03 and 0.33 ng mL−1, respectively. This method can be utilised as a screening test to evaluate the presence of antibiotics in milk samples.
Implementation of patient involvement methods in the clinical setting: A qualitative study exploring the health professional perspective
Authors: Jørgensen Marianne Johansson , Pedersen Charlotte Gjørup , Martin Helle Max , Lomborg Kirsten 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesPatient involvement is increasingly recognized as a key component on the international health care agenda. This attention has brought a need for developing generic and standardized open‐source methods, tools, and guidelines on how to systematically implement patient involvement initiatives in the clinical setting. The large‐scale projectthe User‐involving Hospitalwas initiated to implement two systematic methods for patient involvement at a Danish university hospital, but the required methods can only be implemented if embraced by the health professionals. This evaluation study aimed to explore the health professional perspective on the development and implementation ofshared decision making (SDM)anduser‐led health care. Specifically, the objectives were to identify the most crucial preconditions for success and to translate the findings into practice recommendations.MethodThe study was based on a simple questionnaire survey and a qualitative descriptive analysis of semistructured focus group interviews with representatives of 21 multidisciplinary clinical teams (nine interviews) and 18 health professional department managers (six interviews).ResultsTwo years after the initiation of the User‐involving Hospital, 13 out of 21 developed patient involvement initiatives were fully incorporated into clinical practice. Five domains were found significant for successful development and implementation of the patient involvement methods: the patients' perspectives, composition of multidisciplinary teams, bottom‐up and skill building, support from management, and information sharing with colleagues.ConclusionsThe findings draw attention to several significant factors for successful implementation of large‐scale patient involvement initiatives in hospitals, including the importance of having both a top‐down and bottom‐up approach and of active listening to the patients' perspectives. On the basis of these findings, the study outlines four recommendations incorporating the five identified key domains, which may inspire future projects on systematic development and implementation of patient‐involvement initiatives based on either shared decision making or user‐led health care in the clinical setting.
Establishment of an organoid bank of biliary tract and pancreatic cancers and its application for personalized therapy and future treatment
Authors: Saito Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiliary tract cancers and pancreatic cancers are aggressive malignancies that are difficult to diagnose early and have a poor prognosis. Patients with inoperable biliary tract and pancreatic cancers generally receive chemotherapy regimens including gemcitabine. However, the effects of these drugs are limited, and the 5‐year survival rates of patients are very low. The newly developed three‐dimensional culture system known as “organoid culture” allows long‐term expansion of stem cells into cyst‐like structures (organoids) with properties resembling those of the original tissues. We and other groups have successfully established long‐term in vitro cultures of organoids derived from biliary tract and pancreatic cancers. Organoids derived from biliary tract and pancreatic cancers closely recapitulate the properties of the original tumors including genetic alterations, gene expression profiles, and histopathological structures. These patient‐derived cancer organoids can be applied for drug sensitivity testing, drug screening, epigenetic therapy, and differentiation‐inducing therapy to identify therapeutic agents optimal for each patient. We intend to further establish organoids derived from various cancer cases and construct an organoid bank of biliary tract and pancreatic cancers. These powerful in vitro preclinical models of refractory cancers may bridge the gap between basic research and clinical trials and allow personalized therapy for patients.
Association between parental history of Helicobacter pylori treatment failure and treatment failure in the offspring
Authors: Deguchi Hisato , Yamazaki Hajime , Yamamoto Yosuke , Fukuhara Shunichi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimBoth clarithromycin‐resistant Helicobacter pylori and CYP2C19 polymorphisms may be passed down for generations and are known risk factors for the failure of H. pylori eradication therapy. However, no study has evaluated the risk of clarithromycin triple therapy failure in patients with a parental history of such failure. This study investigated the association between a history of clarithromycin triple therapy failure in parents and clarithromycin triple therapy failure in the offspring.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted using a large administrative claims database of 3 100 000 insured individuals. We identified 404 patients who had both personal and parental records of prescriptions for first‐line clarithromycin triple therapy between January 2005 and February 2018. Failure of clarithromycin triple therapy was defined as treatment with second‐line therapy after having received first‐line clarithromycin triple therapy. A parental history of clarithromycin triple therapy failure was defined as failure of clarithromycin triple therapy by either the father or the mother. Odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, and peptic ulcer.ResultsThe incidence of clarithromycin triple therapy failure was 22.5% (91/404). Based on univariate analysis (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.90 [1.10–3.29]) and multivariable analysis (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.93 [1.10–3.39]), parental history of clarithromycin triple therapy failure was associated with failure of clarithromycin triple therapy in the offspring.ConclusionA parental history of clarithromycin triple therapy failure is a risk factor for failure of clarithromycin triple therapy in the offspring.
The impact of home‐delivered meal services on the nutritional intake of community living older adults: a systematic literature review
Authors: Walton K. , do Rosario V. A. , Pettingill H. , Cassimatis E. , Charlton K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a global increase in populations aged over 65 years. Physiological changes that occur during ageing may increase the nutritional risk for older adults. To avoid malnutrition and address some of the barriers to obtain an adequate food supply, home‐delivered meals services provide meals in the home or in congregate settings for older adults who require nutritional support.MethodsThis systematic literature review explored whether nutritional intake is improved in community‐living older adults when receiving meal services compared to when meal services are not received. Four electronic databases were searched up to 31 January 2019. In total, 13 original studies were included in this analysis with the components: intervention of home‐delivered meal or congregate meal services to older adults; comparison with groups not receiving meal services or days not receiving the meal service; and nutritional intake as an outcome measured by food history, dietary recall and/or food frequency questionnaire.ResultsThe results supported a beneficial effect of home‐delivered meals on dietary intake of energy, protein and/or certain micronutrients in older adults.ConclusionsThe increased total energy intake is a positive influence on malnutrition risk in frail older adults and the increased protein intake supports good health, promotes recovery from illness and assists in maintaining functionality in older adults. Additionally, there was a particular increase in calcium intake, which is relevant in ageing, especially for bone health.
A topical regimen improves skin healing and aesthetic outcomes when combined with a radiofrequency microneedling procedure
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Sensing Whitney , Biron Julie A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionNovel topical products formulated using tri‐ and hexapeptide technology (TriHex Technology®; Alastin Skincare®, Inc) are used to clear the extracellular matrix, stimulate neocollagenesis and elastogenesis, decrease inflammation, and accelerate the epidermal healing process.AimsThis study assessed the efficacy of two topical tri‐ and hexapeptide‐containing products pre‐ and post‐treatment with radiofrequency (RF) microneedling of the photoaged neck with respect to healing and aesthetic outcomes.Subjects/MethodsIn this open‐label, nonrandomized study, eligible subjects underwent one screening visit, one RF microneedling procedure and follow‐up visits on post‐treatment Days 3, 7, 30, and 90. Subjects were instructed to apply one product to the neck for 2 weeks prior to treatment and 7 days post‐treatment. On post‐treatment Day 7, subjects switched to the other product until the end of the study. At each visit, subject and investigator questionnaires were completed and standardized digital images were obtained.ResultsFemale subjects (N = 10) with a mean age of 51.3 years (range, 44‐59 years) completed the study. All subjects achieved statistically significant improvements in Investigator Global Assessment scales at post‐treatment Day 90 and reported improvement in all Skin Quality Assessments. Among Subjective Tolerability Assessments, all post‐treatment reports of tingling and burning resolved by Day 3. 90% of stinging resolved by Day 3 with 100% resolving by Day 7. 40% of subjects had minimal itching on Day 3 which resolved by Day 7. Among the Investigator Post‐treatment Tolerability Assessments, edema resolved in all subjects by Day 3 and erythema settled between Day 3 and Day 7.ConclusionPre‐ and post‐treatment use of topical products formulated with tri‐ and hexapeptide technology appears to hasten healing and complement aesthetic outcomes associated with RF microneedling of the neck.
A Note on “Risk Reduction in Large Portfolios: Why Imposing the Wrong Constraints Helps”
Authors: JAGANNATHAN RAVI , MA TONGSHU , ZHANG JIAQI 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis note corrects an error in the proof of Proposition 2 of “Risk Reduction in Large Portfolios: Why Imposing the Wrong Constraint Helps” that appeared in the Journal of Finance, August 2003.