bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between substance use disorders and self‐ and other‐directed aggression: An integrated model approach
Authors: Ghossoub Elias , Adib Salim M. , Maalouf Fadi T. , Fuleihan Ghada E.‐H. , Tamim Hani , Nahas Ziad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOur study's objective is to determine whether substance use disorders’ association with aggression differs according to the type of substance and/or the form of aggression, within the same population. We used data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health across 2008–2014, with a pooled sample of 270,227 adult respondents. We used regression models to estimate the odds ratios for those having alcohol and/or drug use disorder(s) perpetrating (a) each form of aggression compared with no aggression and (b) other‐directed compared with self‐directed aggression. Alcohol use disorder alone and drug use disorder(s) alone were both associated with significantly increased odds of committing self‐directed, other‐directed, and combined aggression. Individuals with drug use disorder(s) alone were more likely to commit other‐directed than self‐directed aggression (adjusted odds ratio = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.04–2.05). Individuals with alcohol use disorder alone were not likely to commit one over the other (adjusted odds ratio = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.90–1.61). In conclusion, the integrated model of aggression based on the stress–diathesis model is a relevant framework to study risk factors for aggression. Further research is needed to identify longitudinal predictors of directionality of aggression.
Two‐Sidedness of Surface Reaction Mediation
Authors: Chen Haoran , Zhu Hao , Huang Zhichao , Rong Wenhui , Wu Kai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA heterogeneous catalytic process involves many surface elementary steps that affect the overall catalytic performance in one way or another. In general, a high‐performance heterogeneous catalyst should meet the main criteria: excellent catalytic activity and high selectivity toward target products. Using surface science techniques, the two‐sidedness of the surface reaction mediations can be explored, from the perspectives of the surface and the molecule manipulations. The surface manipulation refers to a reaction that is mediated by composition and structure of the substrate as well as surface species, while the molecular manipulation relates to a reaction that is mediated by the reacting molecule via the precursor selection, environmental control, or external excitation. The best catalytic system should consist of the most efficient catalyst and the best suitable reacting molecule, in addition to its economic benefit and environmental amity. Recent research progress in surface reaction mediation is outlined, and its two‐sidedness is governed by the Arrhenius equation. This should shed new light on the connection between basic theory and surface reaction mediation strategies. To conclude, challenges and possible opportunities are elaborated for efficient surface reaction mediations.
Ultrastretchable and Wireless Bioelectronics Based on All‐Hydrogel Microfluidics
Authors: Liu Yaming , Yang Tiyun , Zhang Yuyan , Qu Gang , Wei Shanshan , Liu Zhou , Kong Tiantian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHydrogel bioelectronics that can interface biological tissues and flexible electronics is at the core of the growing field of healthcare monitoring, smart drug systems, and wearable and implantable devices. Here, a simple strategy is demonstrated to prototype all‐hydrogel bioelectronics with embedded arbitrary conductive networks using tough hydrogels and liquid metal. Due to their excellent stretchability, the resultant all‐hydrogel bioelectronics exhibits stable electrochemical properties at large tensile stretch and various modes of deformation. The potential of fabricated all‐hydrogel bioelectronics is demonstrated as wearable strain sensors, cardiac patches, and near‐field communication (NFC) devices for monitoring various physiological conditions wirelessly. The presented simple platform paves the way of implantable hydrogel electronics for Internet‐of‐Things and tissue–machine interfacing applications.
Formal [5+3] Cycloaddition of Vinylethylene Carbonates with Isatin‐Based α‐(Trifluoromethyl)imines for Diastereoselective Synthesis of Medium‐Heterocycle‐Fused Spirooxindoles
Authors: Zhao Hong‐Wu , Wang Li‐Ru , Guo Jia‐Ming , Ding Wan‐Qiu , Song Xiu‐Qing , Wu Hui‐Hui , Tang Zhe , Fan Xiao‐Zu , Bi Xiao‐Fan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 (2.5 mol%), PPh3 (10 mol%) and pyridine (2.0 equiv.), the formal [5+3] cycloaddition of vinylethylene carbonates with isatin‐based α‐(trifluoromethyl)imines proceeded readily, and delivered trans‐configured novelmedium‐heterocycle‐fused spirooxindoles in 75–97% chemical yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. The relative stereochemical configuration of the title products was identified by X‐ray diffraction analysis.magnified image
Enhancing thermostability by modifying flexible surface loops in an evolved high‐redox potential laccase
Authors: Vicente Ana I. , Viña‐Gonzalez Javier , Mateljak Ivan , Monza Emanuele , Lucas Fatima , Guallar Victor , Alcalde Miguel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh‐redox potential laccases (HRPLs) from white‐rot fungi are versatile biocatalysts whose practical use is highly dependent on their thermostability. In this work, an evolved HRPL variant was subjected to structure‐guided evolution to improve its thermostability. We first selected several surface flexible loops in the laccase structure by inspecting them through molecular dynamics and an analysis of B‐factors. The resulting segments were grouped into three MORPHING (Mutagenic Organized Recombination Process by Homologous In vivo Grouping) blocks, which were constructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and explored at high temperatures. This evolution process gave rise to a double mutant that showed a half‐life at 70°C enhanced by 31 min with an optimum temperature for activity of 75°C and similar kinetic parameters. The Ser264Lys and Ser356Asn mutations modified the contacts established between these residues and those that surround them, altering the surface loops and thereby the enzyme properties.
A novel eye‐tracking paradigm for indexing social avoidance‐related behavior in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Klusek Jessica , Moser Carly , Schmidt Joseph , Abbeduto Leonard , Roberts Jane E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is characterized by hallmark features of gaze avoidance, reduced social approach, and social anxiety. The development of therapeutics to manage these symptoms has been hindered, in part, by the lack of sensitive outcome measures. This study investigated the utility of a novel eye‐tracking paradigm for indexing social avoidance‐related phenotypes. Adolescent/young adult‐aged males with FXS (n = 24) and typical development (n = 23) participated in the study. Participants viewed faces displaying direct or averted gaze and the first fixation duration on the eyes was recorded as an index of initial stimulus registration. Fixation durations did not differ across the direction of gaze conditions in either group, although the control group showed longer initial fixations on the eyes relative to the FXS group. Shorter initial fixation on averted gaze in males with FXS was a robust predictor of the severity of their social avoidance behavior exhibited during a social greeting context, whereas parent‐reported social avoidance symptoms were not related to performance in the semi‐naturalistic context. This eye‐tracking paradigm may represent a promising outcome measure for FXS clinical trials because it provides a quantitative index that closely maps onto core social avoidance phenotypes of FXS, can be completed in less than 20 min, and is suitable for use with individuals with low IQ.
Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Aromatic Networks as High‐Site‐Density and Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yang Shaoxuan , Yu Yihuan , Dou Meiling , Zhang Zhengping , Dai Liming , Wang Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional conjugated aromatic networks (CAN) with ultra‐thin conjugated layers (ca. 3.5 nm) and high single‐metal‐atom‐site density (mass content of 10.7 wt %, and 0.73 metal atoms per nm2) are prepared via a facile pyrolysis‐free route involving a one‐step ball milling of the solid‐phase‐synthesized polyphthalocyanine. These materials display outstanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mass activity of 47 mA mgcat.−1 represents 1.3‐ and 6.4‐fold enhancements compared to Pt and Pt/C in benchmark Pt/C, respectively. Moreover, the primary Zn‐air batteries constructed with CAN as an air electrode demonstrate a mass/volume power density of 880 W gcat.−1/615 W cmcat.−3 and stable long‐term operation for 100 h. This strategy offers a new way to design high‐performance electrocatalysts with atomic precision for use in other energy‐storage and conversion applications.
Unveiling the Hidden, Dark, and Short Life of a Vibronic State in a Boron Difluoride Formazanate Dye
Authors: Melenbacher Adyn , Dhindsa Jasveer S. , Gilroy Joe B. , Stillman Martin J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBoron difluoride (BF2) formazanate dyes are contenders for molecular species that exhibit a large Stokes shift and bright red emission. Excitation of 3‐cyanoformazanate complexes with 10 μs wide pulses of specific wavelengths resulted in strong luminescence at 663 nm at both room temperature in solution and at 77 K in a frozen solution. Analysis of the short‐lived excitation spectrum from this luminescence shows that it arises from a vibronic manifold of a higher‐lying excited state. This dark state relaxes to the emitting state over 10 μs. TD‐DFT calculations of the two lowest‐energy excited states show that the relaxed geometries are planar for S1 but highly distorted in S2. The specific time‐ and wavelength‐dependence of the excitation profile provides a unique optical encryption capability through the comparison of emission intensities between adjacent vibronic bands only accessible in the 0–12 μs time domain.
Three's a crowd: Stella's pregnancy and the arrival of an “other” in A Streetcar Named Desire
Authors: Jacobs Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the difficulties that may arise for some men when their wives become pregnant. The advent of a child may threaten the intense marital dyadic relationship on which a man may depend. The author explores how this particular threat to a husband's sense of security is manifest dramatically in Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire. In this reading of the play, Stella's pregnancy and Stanley's feelings about it lie at the heart of the drama.
Improving Pulverized Coal and Biomass Co‐Combustion in a Cement Rotary Kiln by Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Mikulčić Hrvoje , Cerinski Damijan , Baleta Jakov , Wang Xuebin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe cement industry is one of the largest pollutant emitters. One way to cope with high pollutant emissions is to co‐combust biomass with pulverized coal. A mathematical model was developed, which is detailed enough to consider the complex physical and chemical behavior of the co‐combustion process but simple enough to perform simulations with a real geometry of cement rotary kiln within reasonable time. Numerical simulation with a 20‐% share of pulverized biomass of total fuel heating value was performed. An industrial rotary kiln geometry was simulated; temperature and velocity fields along with mass fractions of released volatiles and combustion products were analyzed. The model allows better insights in the co‐firing process with the main goal to reduce CO2 emissions by optimizing the combustion process inside the rotary kiln.
High‐Voltage Performance of Ni‐Rich NCA Cathodes: Linking Operating Voltage with Cathode Degradation
Authors: David Lamuel , Mohanty Debasish , Geng Linxiao , Ruther Rose E. , Sefat Athena S. , Cakmak Ercan , Veith Gabriel M. , Meyer Harry M. , Wang Hsin , Wood David L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh‐voltage Ni‐rich cathodes have been studied as a possible way to achieve high energy density in Li‐ion batteries. However, capacity fade due to structural changes at high voltages has limited their applications. This study identifies 4.5 V (vs. graphite) as the optimum upper cutoff voltage (UCV) for a Ni‐rich NCA cathode [LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2]. At this UCV, NCA delivers a 12 % increase in reversible capacity (when discharged to 2.5 V) and retains 92 % of its initial capacity after 100 cycles at 1C/‐1C cycling when compared to 4.2 V as UCV. By increasing UCV to 4.7 V, the discharge capacity can be raised to >200 mAh/g. However, the rate of capacity fade is greater when compared to 4.5 V as UCV. This increased rate of capacity fade, at higher UCV, is related to irreversible lattice contractions that leads to structural rearrangement at charged states during high‐voltage cycling. Our results show a change in transition metal oxidation states and an onset of structural ordering occurs when the UCV is 4.7 V.
Colorimetric and Fluorimetric DNA Detection with a Hydroxystyryl–Quinolizinium Photoacid and Its Application for Cell Imaging
Authors: Das Avijit Kumar , Druzhinin Sergey I. , Ihmels Heiko , Müller Mareike , Schönherr Holger 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe combination of styryl dye properties with the acidity and strong photoacidity of the 2,2′‐[(1′′‐hydroxy‐4′′‐methyl‐(E)‐2′′,6′′‐phenylene)]‐bisquinolizinium enables the detection of DNA by distinct absorption and emission color changes and the fluorimetric detection of DNA in cells with epifluorescence and confocal fluorescence microscopy.
Innovative Linker Strategies for Tumor‐Targeted Drug Conjugates
Authors: Dal Corso Alberto , Pignataro Luca , Belvisi Laura , Gennari Cesare 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe covalent conjugation of potent cytotoxic agents to either macromolecular carriers or small molecules represents a well‐known approach to increase the therapeutic index of these drugs, thus improving treatment efficacy and minimizing side effects. In general, cytotoxic activity is displayed only upon cleavage of a specific chemical bond (linker) that connects the drug to the carrier. The perfect balance between the linker stability and its selective cleavage represents the key for success in these therapeutic approaches and the chemical toolbox to reach this goal is continuously expanding. In this Review article, we highlight recent advances on the different modalities to promote the selective release of cytotoxic agents, either by exploiting specific hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment (e.g. pH, enzyme expression) or by the application of external triggers (e.g. light and bioorthogonal reactions).
Neural attention model with keyword memory for abstractive document summarization
Authors: Choi YunSeok , Kim Dahae , Lee Jee‐Hyong 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAbstractive summarization is the task of creating summaries by generating a set of novel sentences based on the information extracted from the original document, while most of summarization researches are based on extractive or compressive approaches. These approaches extract phrases from the original document and concatenate them by post‐processing and cannot truly encapsulate the contents of summaries, because they only reuse the phrases in the given document. Moreover, there are limits for paraphrasing and re‐organizing of the original contents with the current Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. With these reasons, we propose a novel abstractive summarization method. The main goal of our paper is to generate a long sequence of words with coherent sentences by reflecting the key concepts of the original document and the contents of summaries. To achieve this goal, we propose an attention mechanism that uses Document Content Memory for learning the language model effectively. To evaluate its effectiveness, the proposed methods are compared with other language models and an extractive summarization method. We demonstrate that our proposed methods improve summarization results in ROUGE score using ACL dataset. The experimental results show that our proposed methods using keyword memory are effective to generate long sequence summary.
Varieties of capitalism, corporate governance mechanisms, and stakeholder engagement: An overview of coordinated and liberal market economies
Authors: Pucheta‐Martínez María Consuelo , Gallego‐Álvarez Isabel , Bel‐Oms Inmaculada 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper examines those aspects of national institutions that affect corporate governance mechanisms at international level. The study uses the “varieties of capitalism” approach, which is concerned with the way companies interact strategically to solve the coordination problems arising from their activities. This research is based on a sample of countries operating in coordinated market economies and liberal market economies. The data were collected from the Thomson Reuters database. The findings suggest that the institutional context is associated with several corporate governance mechanisms. Specifically, our results find that the proportion of female directors on boards and the presence of corporate governance committees are higher in firms operating in liberal market economies than in those domiciled in coordinated market economies. Regarding the disclosure of corporate social responsibility information, the evidence shows that it is not affected by the varieties of capitalism measured, whereas board‐specific skills are higher in the latter than in the former. This paper offers empirical evidence at international level for the varieties of capitalism that contribute to better corporate governance structures. With regard to managerial implications, our findings show that belonging (or not) to a specific variety of capitalism impacts various mechanisms of corporate governance.
Biomimetic Reductive Cleavage of Keto Aryl Ether Bonds by Small‐Molecule Thiols
Authors: Klinger Grace E. , Zhou Yuting , Hao Pengchao , Robbins Jacob , Aquilina Jake M. , Jackson James E. , Hegg Eric L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe nucleophilic and reductive properties of thiolates and thiols make them ideal candidates as redox mediators via the thiol/disulfide couple. One mechanism for biological lignin depolymerization entails reduction of keto aryl ether bonds by an SN2 mechanism with the thiol redox mediator glutathione. In this study, mimicking this chemistry in a simple protein‐ and metal‐free process, several small organic thiols are surveyed for their ability to cleave aryl keto ethers that model the β‐O‐4 linkages found in partially oxidized lignin. In polar aprotic solvents, β‐mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol yielded up to 100 % formation of phenol and acetophenone products from 2‐phenoxyacetophenone, but not from its reduced alcohol congener. The effects of reaction conditions and of substituents on the aryl rings and the keto ether linkage are assessed. These results, together with activation barriers computed by quantum chemical simulations and direct observation of the expected intermediate thioether, point to an SN2 mechanism. This study confirms that small organic thiols can reductively break down lignin‐relevant keto aryl ether linkages.
An Organic Molecular Photocatalyst Releasing Oxygen from Water
Authors: Li Qinghe , Liu Feng , Lin Feng , Lin Wei , Wang Xinchen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis employing solar energy is one of the best means of reaching a sustainable energy cycle, in which water is oxidized to oxygen and supplies electrons for fuel generation. The development of suitable oxygen evolution materials driven by sunlight is hence the most challenging research topic in the field of photocatalysis. Herein, photocatalytic O2 production from water at a rate of 22.6 μmol h−1 was performed by using a pyrene‐based organic molecule constructed through the Ullmann coupling reaction. Its significantly improved light‐harvesting ability and notably accelerated separation and transfer of photogenerated charges enhanced the O2 evolution efficiency. This study highlights the structural design of organic molecules applied to photocatalytic water splitting.
Simultaneous Conversion of C5 and C6 Sugars into Methyl Levulinate with the Addition of 1,3,5‐Trioxane
Authors: Lyu Xilei , Zhang Zihao , Okejiri Francis , Chen Hao , Xu Mai , Chen Xujie , Deng Shuguang , Lu Xiuyang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe simultaneous conversion of C5 and C6 mixed sugars into methyl levulinate (MLE) has emerged as a versatile strategy to eliminate costly separation steps. However, the traditional upgrading of C5 sugars into MLE is very complex as it requires both acid‐catalyzed and hydrogenation processes. This study concerns the development of a one‐pot, hydrogenation‐free conversion of C5 sugars into MLE over different acid catalysts at near‐critical methanol conditions with the help of 1,3,5‐trioxane. For the conversion of C5 sugars over zeolites without the addition of 1,3,5‐trioxane, the MLE yield is quite low, owing to low hydrogenation activity. The addition of 1,3,5‐trioxane significantly boosts the MLE yield by providing an alternative conversion pathway that does not include the hydrogenation step. A direct comparison of the catalytic performance of five different zeolites reveals that Hβ zeolite, which has high densities of both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites, affords the highest MLE yield. With the addition of 1,3,5‐trioxane, the hydroxymethylation of furfural derivative and formaldehyde is a key step. Notably, the simultaneous conversion of C5 and C6 sugars catalyzed by Hβ zeolite can attain an MLE yield as high as 50.4 % when the reaction conditions are fully optimized. Moreover, the Hβ zeolite catalyst can be reused at least five times without significant change in performance.
What affects government planning for climate change adaptation: Evidence from the U.S. states
Authors: Miao Qing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs climate change unfolds, formal planning for climate adaptation is emerging at all levels of governments. This paper examines the factors that lead U.S. state governments to develop comprehensive adaptation plans. Using an event history analysis, we find that a state is more likely to engage in adaptation planning we find that a state is more likely to engage in adaptation planning when it experienced more extreme weather events recently, has more economic activities in coastal regions, or when it has high levels of incomes and civic engagement. We also show that political ideology plays a critical role in subnational adaptation decision making. A state is less likely to pursue adaptation planning when it has a Republican governor or has a lack of preference for environmental legislations. In addition to the internal characteristics, our study further provides evidence of the external influence from other nearby adapting states through spatial policy diffusion. These findings shed light on the motivation for and obstacles to a state's adoption of adaptation policy and also provide implications for environmental federalism.