bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental students’ perceptions of learning communication skills in a forum theatre‐style teaching session on breaking bad news
Authors: Himida Tarek , Nanjappa Sucharita , Yuan Siyang , Freeman Ruth 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionCommunication skills are an integral component of dental undergraduate education. Due to the complex nature of these skills, didactic teaching methods used in other educational contexts can be limited. Interactive and participative methods rooted in modern adult learning theories, such as Forum Theatre, may be more effective in the teaching of communication skills.AimTo explore the usefulness of Forum Theatre in teaching clinical undergraduate dental students how to break bad news to their patients.MethodsA purposive sample of 4th‐year undergraduate dental students was invited to participate. An evaluation questionnaire was given to the students and collected after the Forum Theatre interactive session. Participants were asked to provide self‐reported accounts on the most and least useful parts of the session, as well as the most important learning outcome. Usefulness of the session in clinical work, increasing confidence and ability in breaking bad news, were evaluated via a 5‐point Likert‐scale type question. Qualitative data were analysed using Framework Analysis to explore the themes found in the open‐text component. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the Likert‐scale items.ResultsOne hundred and fifteen completed questionnaires were collected from the 2015 and 2016 classes. Most students gave the Forum Theatre session a rating of 3 or above on a 5‐point Likert scale; indicating that they found it useful. Qualitative results also showed that most participants liked the teaching session thanks to its interactive nature, the use of actors and the input of the facilitators. The majority of students showed preference towards smaller groups which give everyone equal opportunity to participate without unnecessary repetition.ConclusionThe results seem to confirm previous findings. Students rated their learning experience involving Forum Theatre favourably. Smaller groups and trained facilitators are required for the success of this teaching method. Further research is needed to assess the long‐term educational benefits of Forum Theatre.
Time to reconsider the strategic role of system(s) for monitoring higher education graduates’ careers?
Authors: Pavlin Samo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe “employability” paradigm is beginning to be publicly regarded as one of the key developmental paths and “modernisation” principles of higher education institutions. In this context, the article first overviews the existing practices for tracking graduates’ early careers in Europe. Next, it identifies and discusses relevant conceptual aspects for designing system(s) for tracking graduates’ careers and using the results of graduate studies. This includes understanding and interpreting employability, possible societal tensions surrounding higher education when seeking to support the needs of graduates, employers or initiating new “professional projects”, and the development of disciplinary assumptions about career success. Third, based on the results of a national survey among higher education institutions in Slovenia, it explores institutional views related to establishing systems for monitoring graduates’ “employability”. Understanding higher education institutions’ attitudes and capacities towards monitoring the employability of their graduates is important for the success of tracking surveys in terms of their involvement in the collection of data, adapting the research instrument to reflect possible disciplinary particularities and the use of survey results. By combining the institutional perspective with the previously elaborated conceptual framework, the article calls on higher education stakeholders to support the strategic function of career monitoring systems for exploring new professional opportunities of graduates in the context of broader societal and economic developments.
The re‐entry paradox: Abuse of EU law
Authors: Guski Roman 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAbuse of law is a fundamental paradox: It is necessary to consider legal acts as illegal acts. The distinction legal/illegal is applied to itself. The article shows that the notion of abuse in the European context is closely related to the antinomy of the Internal Market which describes itself as a borderless area with internal borders. A closer look at the case law reveals that actors can make use of the fundamental freedoms in the form of self‐contradictory arrangements (prototype: U‐Turns). Put more generally, autonomy is taken seriously and subjective rights are not covered by law when they are exercised in a tautological or paradoxical way.
Treatment of subchondral cystic lesions (SCLs) with parathyroid hormone peptide (PTH1‐34)‐enriched fibrin hydrogel in three different concentrations: A dose‐blinded, randomised study
Authors: Jackson M. A. , Ohlerth S. , Brink P. , Simon O. , Kummer M. , Fürst A. E. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis study reports the use of parathyroid hormone fragment peptide 1‐34 (PTH1‐34) cross‐linked to a hydrogel in a fibrin base for the treatment of subchondral cyst‐like lesions (SCLs). The objectives were to determine the clinical and radiographic outcome of 28 horses with lameness attributable to one or two SCLs treated locally with one of three different concentrations of PTH1‐34and to identify which concentration produces the best results. Twenty‐eight horses (34 SCLs) were treated surgically by debriding the content of the SCL and injecting different concentrations (0.1, 0.4, or 1 mg/mL) of PTH1‐34in a fibrin hydrogel into the cavity. Treatment was considered successful if the horse was sound 12 months after treatment. The mean age of the horses was 7.2 years. Treatment was successful in 22 (78.6%) horses and improved the radiographic appearance of 27 (79.4%) SCLs. The outcome was not affected by age of the horse or by the number of SCLs (1 or 2) per horse. PTH1‐34in a fibrin hydrogel administered into the SCL after surgical debridement of the lesion appears to be an effective treatment for horses with one or two SCLs. A PTH1‐34concentration of 0.4 mg/mL may be slightly superior to concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL in resolving SCLs.
Potential effects of ultrafiltration process and date powder on textural, sensory, bacterial viability, antioxidant properties and phenolic profile of dromedary Greek yogurt
Authors: Jrad Zeineb , Oussaief Olfa , Bouhemda Talel , Khorchani Touhami , EL‐Hatmi Halima 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to improve textural and antioxidant capacity of dromedary yogurt using ultrafiltration process and date powder. Ultrafiltration increased total solids content of dromedary milk within the range considered optimal to develop yogurt. Texture profile of Greek yogurt fortified with date powder (GYD) improved considerably compared to control. Sample of GYD are more appealing to consumer than control. LC‐ESI‐MS analysis of GYD extracts allowed the identification of fifteen phenolic compounds, among which quinic acid and cirsiliol were found to be the major phenolic acid and flavonol, respectively. GYD exhibited the highest DPPH•‐radical scavenging activity, Fe2+ chelating capacity and Fe3+ reducing power. The follow‐up of physical and microbiological stability of GYD and control during cold storage showed that date powder significantly increased bacterial counts and decreased syneresis. Therefore, ultrafiltration and date powder could be valued as effective tool to solve the poor consistency of dromedary milk products.
Are Incentive Contract Settlements Nonevents?*
Authors: Gagnon Marie‐Hélène , Philippot Aurélien 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe examine the information conveyed in managers’ incentive contracts such as prepaid variable forward (PVF) contracts. Using a large database, we perform event studies on cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) and volatility around the signature and the settlement of such contracts. The results show that PVF settlements, which involve no divulgation of new information, can be interpreted as nonevents. For firms with lower visibility, CARs are significantly negative immediately after settlement, whereas firms with higher visibility incur this effect upon signature. The signature and settlement dates have a small negative effect on the firms’ volatility suggesting slow adjustment mechanisms.
The variant at TGFBRAP1 is significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and affects diabetes‐related miRNA expression
Authors: Yang Song , Chen Xiaotian , Yang Mengyao , Zhao Xianghai , Chen Yanchun , Zhao Hailong , Liu Chunlan , Shen Chong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhile the transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) regulates the growth and proliferation of pancreatic β‐cells, its receptors trigger the activation of Smad network and subsequently induce the insulin resistance. A case‐control was conducted to evaluate the associations of the polymorphisms of TGF‐β1 receptor‐associated protein 1 (TGFBRAP1) and TGF‐β1 receptor 2 (TGFBR2) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its genetic effects on diabetes‐related miRNA expression. miRNA microarray chip was used to screen T2DM‐related miRNA and 15 differential expressed miRNAs were further validated in 75 T2DM and 75 normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The variation of rs2241797 (T/C) at TGFBRAP1 showed significant association with T2DM in case‐control study, and the OR (95% CI) of dominant model for cumulative effects was 1.204 (1.060‐1.370), Bonferroni corrected P < 0.05. Significant differences in the fast glucose and HOMA‐β indices were observed amongst the genotypes of rs2241797. The expression of has‐miR‐30b‐5p and has‐miR‐93‐5p was linearly increased across TT, TC, and CC genotypes of rs2241797 in NGT, Ptrend values were 0.024 and 0.016, respectively. Our findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms of TGFBRAP1 may contribute to the genetic susceptibility of T2DM by mediating diabetes‐related miRNA expression.
Releasing small ejaculates slowly increases per-gamete fertilization success in an external fertilizer: Galeolaria caespitosa (Polychaeta: Serpulidae)
Authors: Olito Colin , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The idea that male reproductive strategies evolve primarily in response to sperm competition is almost axiomatic in evolutionary biology. However, externally fertilizing species, especially broadcast spawners, represent a large and taxonomically diverse group that have long challenged predictions from sperm competition theory—broadcast spawning males often release sperm slowly, with weak resource-dependent allocation to ejaculates despite massive investment in gonads. One possible explanation for these counter-intuitive patterns is that male broadcast spawners experience strong natural selection from the external environment during sperm dispersal. Using a manipulative experiment, we examine how male reproductive success in the absence of sperm competition varies with ejaculate size and rate of sperm release, in the broadcast spawning marine invertebrate Galeolaria caespitosa (Polychaeta: Serpulidae). We find that the benefits of Fast or Slow sperm release depend strongly on ejaculate size, but also that the per-gamete fertilization rate decreases precipitously with ejaculate size. Overall, these results suggest that, if males can facultatively adjust ejaculate size, they should slowly release small amounts of sperm. Recent theory for broadcast spawners predicts that sperm competition can also select for Slow release rates. Taken together, our results and theory suggest that selection often favours Slow ejaculate release rates whether males experience sperm competition or not.
Prevalence of pulp stones: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jannati Reza , Afshari Mahdi , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Allahgholipour Seyedeh Zahra , Eidy Milad , Hajihoseini Mojtaba 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveDuring the last years, different prevalences of dental pulps had been reported from different parts of the world. Combining these original estimates will provide useful information for policymaking in the field of health, treatment and research. This study aims to estimate the global prevalence of pulp stones.MethodsElectronic databanks such as PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, Cochrane, and also Google scholar motor engine were searched by 2 researchers using related keywords. The heterogeneity between the results was assessed using Cochrane andI2indices. The initial estimates were represented by forest plot and were combined according to random effects models. Factors responsible for heterogeneity were investigated using meta‐regression models, and studies responsible for heterogeneity were assessed following sensitivity analysis.ResultsPrevalence of pulp stones had been reported in 16 studies including 14 093 subjects. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of pulp stones among the total population, men and women were estimated as of 36.53% (27.17‐45.88), 32.58% (24‐41.15), and 39.23% (28.73‐49.73), respectively. In addition, of 193 687 teeth investigated during the primary studies, 9.57% (95% confidence interval: 7.05‐12.08) were affected by pulp stones.ConclusionOur meta‐analysis shows a considerable prevalence of pulp stones, especially among women.
New Member of Gromochytriales (Chytridiomycetes)—Apiochytrium granulosporum nov. gen. et sp.
Authors: Karpov Sergey A. , Moreira David , Mamkaeva Maria A. , Popova Olga V. , Aleoshin Vladimir V. , López‐García Purificación 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMolecular phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences of nearly any species of Chytridiomycota has typically challenged traditional classification and triggered taxonomic revision. This has often led to the establishment of new taxa which, normally, appears well supported by zoospore ultrastructure, which provides diagnostic characters. To construct a meaningful and comprehensive classification of Chytridiomycota, the combination of molecular phylogenies and morphological studies of traditionally defined chytrid species is needed. In this work, we have studied morphological and ultrastructural features based on light and transmission electron microscopy as well as molecular phylogenetic analysis of a parasite (strain X‐124 CCPP ZIN RAS) morphologically similar to Rhizophydium granulosporum living on the yellow‐green alga Tribonema gayanum. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene sequence of this strain supports that it represents a new genus and species affiliated to the recently established order Gromochytriales. The ultrastructure of X‐124 confirms its phylogenetic position sister to Gromochytrium and serves as the basis for the description of the new genus and species Apiochytrium granulosporum. The 18S rRNA gene of A. granulosporum contains a S943 group I intron that carries a homing endonuclease pseudogene.
Investigation of (+)‐catechin stability under ultrasonic treatment and its degradation kinetic modeling
Authors: Zhu Yuchen , Sun Jia , Xu Duoxia , Wang Shaojia , Yuan Yingmao , Cao Yanping 
Published: November 2018

Abstract(+)‐Catechin (CA) is extremely difficult to be extracted using ultrasound‐assisted extraction technique as CA is unstable under high temperature and oxidation condition. Thus, the stability of CA under various ultrasonic treatment conditions was properly investigated in the present study. The degradation ratio of CA gradually increased with the increase in either the ultrasonic frequency or the input power when the ultrasonic frequency was below 135 kHz or the ultrasonic power was below 0.45 W/cm2. Additionally, the primary degradation product of CA was identified as epicatechin (EC) that was epimerized by CA. Reaction kinetics analysis confirmed that the degradation of CA under ultrasonic treatment followed first‐order kinetics. In addition, ultrasonic treatment induced the increase in kinetic constant (k) and frequency factor (A), while the apparent activation energies (Ea) of CA degradation only decreased at 135 kHz. A mathematical model was established to accurately predict the degradation level of CA under various ultrasonic conditions. The results are of great significance for the ultrasonic extraction of CA from plants without sacrificing the recovery rate.Practical applications(+)‐Catechin (CA), which is sensitive to many environmental factors, possesses many physicochemical properties and biological activities. However, due to limited investigations about using ultrasound to extract CA, the stability of CA under ultrasonic treatment was not well studied and no appropriate ultrasound‐assisted extraction method for CA has been developed. Hence, it is essential to understand the stability of CA under ultrasonic treatment. In the present work, the stability of CA under various ultrasonic treatment conditions was properly investigated. A mathematical model was established to accurately predict the degradation level of CA under various ultrasonic conditions. The results are of great significance for the ultrasonic extraction of CA from plants without sacrificing the recovery rate.
Development of a high‐precision viscous chocolate printer utilizing electrostatic inkjet printing
Authors: Suzuki Yuya , Takagishi Kensuke , Umezu Shinjiro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to create a food printer with sufficient accuracy to grant the product artistry. To achieve this goal, a 3D printing method attracted our attention as such techniques are already used in various fields to create artistic products with complicated shapes. An accuracy of 70 μm is required to accomplish this goal due to the resolution of human eyesight. Therefore, the electrostatic printing method, which is known for printing high‐viscosity materials with high precision, was utilized for the 3D printing method. To improve the printing accuracy, the nozzle structure of the printer was modified using an ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) resin microfiber, as this material can be easily processed, is nontoxic, and does not interfere with the electric field.Practical applicationsThe goal of this study was to create a high‐precision food printing device that can print food materials with various viscosities at a sufficient precision relative to the resolution of human eyesight to meet the user's expectations. Humans evaluate food materials by means of taste, appearance, and odor. We have focused on the appearance of the food material, which we can control with high‐precision printing. Humans with 20/16.7 eyesight can recognize 70 μm at a distance of 30 cm. Therefore, the goal precision of this study is defined as 70 μm. Achieving this precision would enable the food printer to accurately control the appearance of the structure of the printed food product.
Clinical features of idiopathic portal hypertension in China: A retrospective study of 338 patients and literature review
Authors: Sun Yongliang , Lan Xu , Shao Chen , Wang Tailing , Yang Zhiying 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and AimIdiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) refers to a relatively rare condition characterized by intrahepatic portal hypertension in the absence of underlying disease such as liver cirrhosis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 338 patients with IPH that were diagnosed at the pathological consultation center of our hospital.ResultsThe ratio of male to female patients was 1:1. Mean age at onset was 35.1 ± 16.5 years; male patients on average were 12 years younger than female patients at onset. The median duration from onset to IPH diagnosis was 12 months. In 50 patients, medication use may have been an etiological factor. The most common clinical manifestations were splenomegaly (91.3%) and hypersplenism (68.9%); 57.0% patients presented varicosis, while 25.1% patients had a history of variceal bleeding. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia was found in 22.2% liver biopsies. Among patients for whom laboratory data were available, 65.0%, 50.3%, and 71.4% patients presented leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia due to hypersplenism. Liver function was mostly in the compensated stage. Female patients showed worse leukopenia and anemia, while male patients were more likely to have abnormal serum transaminase and bilirubin levels. Sixty‐seven patients received surgical or interventional treatment.ConclusionsHigh‐quality liver biopsy, detailed clinical information, and expert pathologist are necessary for diagnosis of IPH. IPH can occur concurrently with other liver disease such as hepatitis and drug‐induced liver injury. Medication appears to be an important etiological factor for IPH in China. Management approach was largely focused on treatment of portal hypertension and its complications.
Association Between Functional Performance and Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers in Individuals Without Dementia
Authors: Vassilaki Maria , Aakre Jeremiah A. , Kremers Walter K. , Mielke Michelle M. , Geda Yonas E. , Machulda Mary M. , Knopman David S. , Coloma Preciosa M. , Schauble Barbara , Vemuri Prashanthi , Lowe Val J. , Jack Clifford R. , Petersen Ronald C. , Roberts Rosebud O. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the cross‐sectional association between functional performance and Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuroimaging biomarkers in individuals without dementia (cognitively unimpaired (CU), and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)).DesignCross‐sectional.SettingOlmsted County, Minnesota.ParticipantsPopulation‐based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA) participants (aged ≥ 50, mean age 71.3 ± 10.2; 53.4% male; 28.3% apolipoprotein (APO)E ε4 allele carriers, 1,578 CU, 204 MCI) who underwent 11C‐Pittsburgh compound B (11C‐PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) (N=1,782).MeasurementsWe defined an abnormal (high) 11C‐PiB‐PET retention ratio as a standardized uptake value ratio greater than 1.42 (high amyloid; A+), abnormal (reduced) AD signature cortical thickness (neurodegeneration; N+) as less than 2.67 mm (MRI measurement), and biomarker groups according to the combination of abnormality (or not) for amyloid accumulation (A+/A–) and neurodegeneration (N+/N–). Functional performance was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Sum of Boxes (SOB) for functional domains and the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ).ResultsParticipants with a CDR‐SOB (functional) score greater than 0 were almost 4 times as likely to have N + (odds ratio (OR)=3.92, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.77–8.67, adjusting for age, sex, education, global cognitive z‐score, and APOE ε4 allele status; p<.001) and those with a FAQ score greater than 0 were 1.5 times as likely to have A + (OR=1.48, 95% CI=1.04–2.11, p=.03). Higher FAQ scores were associated with greater odds of A+N + and A–N + in CU participants.ConclusionThe findings of this cross‐sectional study supplement limited available information that supports an association between functional performance and AD neuroimaging biomarkers very early in the dementia pathophysiology. The associations should be validated in longitudinal studies. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2274–2281, 2018.