bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Study of Fetal Neurobehavior by the Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test
Authors: Moreira Neto Raul , Gaber Ghalia 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTFetal neurology is an evolving field in prenatal diagnosis and fetal medicine with great interest. The identification and diagnosis of brain damage prenatally has been a great challenge in obstetrics for many years. Investigations of the fetal behavior in comparison with morphological studies led to the conclusion that fetal behavioral patterns directly reflect developmental and maturational processes of fetal central nervous system (CNS). Four-dimensional ultrasound (4D US) has remarkably improved the assessment of the quality of fetal spontaneous movements, and enabled a better evaluation of fetal behavior. The assessment of normal neurobehavioral development by 4D US provided the opportunity to investigate functional characteristics of the fetus that could predict neurological developmental dysfunction. Some studies have already been carried out to evaluate this new methodology in the observation of the fetal behavior during different stages of gestation, in an attempt to better understand the relationships between the maturation of the CNS of the fetus and its implications on its behavior pattern. We present a review of literature on fetal behavior by 4D US.How to cite this articleNeto RM, Kurjak A, Porovic S, Stanojevic M, Gaber G. Clinical Study of Fetal Neurobehavior by the Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):355-361.
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Approach to a Patient with Suspected Pulmonary Hypertension in the Intraoperative Period
Authors: Kumar M Ganesh , Puri Goverdhan D 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTPulmonary hypertension (PH) defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) >25 mm Hg at rest is confirmed by right heart catheterization (RHC). With the rapid development of surgical methods and cardiopulmonary bypass strategies, many children and adults are undergoing surgical correction for their cardiac pathologies. Presence of PH in these patients contributes to a major morbidity and poses a great challenge for the operative team during its surgical and postoperative management. With the universal use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in almost all cardiac surgeries, the etiology, severity of PH, and its effect on cardiac structures and function can be evaluated in patients suspected of having PH. Since there is no established algorithm for the intraoperative TEE evaluation of such patients, we proposed an algorithm for the evaluation of PH in patients suspected of having raised pulmonary pressure using TEE in the intraoperative period.How to cite this articleKumar MG, Puri GD. Transesophageal Echocardiographic Approach to a Patient with Suspected Pulmonary Hypertension in the Intraoperative Period. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2017;5(2):49-63.
Gerbode Defect following Tetralogy of Fallot Repair: The Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Kiran Usha , Ladha Suruchi , Makhija Neeti , Balasubramaniam Uma , Devagourou Velayoudam 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Gerbode defect is a rare type of left ventricle (LV) to right atrium (RA) shunt. It is congenital in origin, but acquired cases are also described, usually following infective endocarditis, valve replacement, trauma, or myocardial infarction. We, hereby, report two cases of acquired Gerbode defect after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair, and describe the role of echocardiography in the complete visualization of the anatomical defect, and in differentiation of this shunt from other conditions. The role of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is highlighted during reintervention for successful shunt closure.

How to cite this article
Ladha S, Balasubramaniam U, Kiran U, Makhija N, Devagourou V. Gerbode Defect following Tetralogy of Fallot Repair: The Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2017;5(2):70-73.
Correlation Between Programmed Death Receptor-1 Expression in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: del C. Monroig-Bosque Paloma , Driver Brandon , Morales-Rosado Joel A. , Deavers Michael , Tacha David , Bernicker Eric , Cagle Philip T. , Miller Ross A. 
Published: February 2018

Context.—
The interaction between programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) on activated T cells sends an inhibitory signal that dampens the immune response. Tumors can express PD-L1 and evade the immune system. In advanced non–small cell lung carcinoma, expression of PD-1 in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) correlates with PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (TCs). However, this relationship has not been thoroughly explored in early disease.

Objective.—
To investigate the correlation of PD-1 and PD-L1 in non–small cell lung carcinoma tumor samples, with emphasis on stage I disease.

Design.—
Whole tissue sections from non–small cell lung carcinoma tumors were retrospectively evaluated by immunohistochemistry for PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. The scoring was based on the percentage of cells positive for PD-1 in TILs and PD-L1 in TCs and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (ICs).

Results.—
Expression of PD-1 in TILs was observed in 147 of 161 non–small cell lung carcinoma cases (91%). The majority of cases negative for PD-1 also lacked PD-L1 in TCs. The 68 cases with highest PD-1 expression in TILs included 33 (49%) with expression of PD-L1 in TCs and ICs. Strong correlations were observed in patients with elevated PD-1 expression in TILs and PD-L1 in TCs (P = .01) and ICs (P = .003). Expression of PD-1 also correlated with increased PD-L1 in TCs and ICs when the 2 were grouped together (P &lt; .001). Finally, stage I patients with negative PD-1 and PD-L1 expression showed trends toward increased disease-specific survival.

Conclusions.—
Expression of PD-1 in TILs correlates with PD-L1 expression in both TCs and ICs. Furthermore, negative expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 suggest trends toward disease-specific survival, even in early disease stages.
Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis Before and After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Study Based on SINO-NASAL OUTCOME TEST
Authors: Musavi Aghdas Mehrnoosh , Shahidi Nikzad , Sheikhzadeh Daryoush , Ebrahimzadeh Maryam 
Published: February 2018

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases in the world. The high prevalence and chronicity of disease increasing burden of disease. Burden of this disease, productivity and the quality of life of patients decreased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on the quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.Method: This prospective study was performed on 59 patients suffering chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis referring to ENT clinic of educational hospital of Tabriz University of medical sciences during 2015 to 2017. These patients underwent Endoscopic Sinus Surgery as treatment. For all patients, SINO-NASAL OUTCOME (TEST) (SNOT-22) was completed before and twelve months after surgery.Results: Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in this study. 21 were female (35.6%) and 38 were male (64.40%). The mean age of the studied population was 40.88 ± 16.11 years. The mean score of the preoperative score was 59.38 ± 5.84 and the mean score of the postoperative score was 24.01 ± 10.48. The results of the statistical analysis showed that endoscopic surgery reduced The SNOT-22 questionnaire score is significant. (P < 0.000). The results of the test showed that the increase in preoperative score increases the gain after surgery. (Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.419 and P: 0.001)Conclusion: Endoscopic sinus surgery seems to improve the symptoms and quality of Life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
Heterogenic transplantation of bone marrow-derived rhesus macaque mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in mouse
Authors: Fu Xufeng , Jiang Bin , Zheng Bingrong , Yan Yaping , Wang Junfeng , Duan Yanchao , Li Shanshan , Yan Li , Wang Hong , Chen Bingbing , Sang Xiongbo , Ji Weizhi , Xu Ren-He , Si Wei 
Published: February 2018

Liver fibrosis is a disease that causes high morbidity and has become a major health problem. Liver fibrosis can lead to the end stage of liver diseases (livercirrhosisand hepatocellularcarcinoma). Currently, liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. However, the shortage of organ donors, high cost of medical surgery, immunological rejection and transplantation complications severely hamper liver transplantation therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been regarded as promising cells for clinical applications in stem cell therapy in the treatment of liver diseases due to their unique multipotent differentiation capacity, immunoregulation and paracrine effects. Although liver fibrosis improvements by MSC transplantation in preclinical experiments as well as clinical trials have been reported, the in vivo fate of MSCs after transportation and their therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. In this present study, we isolated MSCs from the bone marrow of rhesus macaques. The cells exhibited typical MSC markers and could differentiate into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes, which were not affected by labeling with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The harvested MSCs respond to interferon-γ stimulation and have the ability to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. EGFP-labeled MSCs (1 × 106 cells) were transplanted into mice with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via tail vein injection. The ability of the heterogenic MSC infusion to ameliorate liver fibrosis in mice was evaluated by a blood plasma chemistry index, pathological examination and liver fibrosis-associated gene expression. Additionally, a small number of MSCs that homed and engrafted in the mouse liver tissues were evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis. Our results showed that the transplantation of heterogenic MSCs derived from monkey bone marrow can be used to treat liver fibrosis in the mouse model and that the paracrine effects of MSCs may play an important role in the improvement of liver fibrosis.
Assessing Hazard Vulnerability, Habitat Conservation, and Restoration for the Enhancement of Mainland China's Coastal Resilience
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Li Yangfan , Tang Zhenghong , Cao Ling , Liu Xiaoping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWorldwide, humans are facing high risks from natural hazards, especially in coastal regions with high population densities. Rising sea levels due to global warming are making coastal communities' infrastructure vulnerable to natural disasters. The present study aims to provide a coupling approach of vulnerability and resilience through restoration and conservation of lost or degraded coastal natural habitats to reclamation under different climate change scenarios. The integrated valuation of ecosystems and tradeoffs model is used to assess the current and future vulnerability of coastal communities. The model employed is based on seven different biogeophysical variables to calculate a natural hazard index and to highlight the criticality of the restoration of natural habitats. The results show that roughly 25% of the coastline and more than 5 million residents are in highly vulnerable coastal areas of mainland China, and these numbers are expected to double by 2100. Our study suggests that restoration and conservation in recently reclaimed areas have the potential to reduce this vulnerability by 45%. Hence, natural habitats have proved to be a great defense against coastal hazards and should be prioritized in coastal planning and development. The findings confirm that natural habitats are critical for coastal resilience and can act as a recovery force of coastal functionality loss. Therefore, we recommend that the Chinese government prioritizes restoration (where possible) and conservation of the remaining habitats for the sake of coastal resilience to prevent natural hazards from escalating into disasters.
The 21 August 2017 Ischia (Italy) Earthquake Source Model Inferred From Seismological, GPS, and DInSAR Measurements
Authors: De Novellis V. , Carlino S. , Castaldo R. , Tramelli A. , De Luca C. , Pino N. A. , Pepe S. , Convertito V. , Zinno I. , De Martino P. , Bonano M. , Giudicepietro F. , Casu F. , Macedonio G. , Manunta M. , Cardaci C. , Manzo M. , Di Bucci D. , Solaro G. , Zeni G. , Lanari R. , Bianco F. , Tizzani P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe causative source of the first damaging earthquake instrumentally recorded in the Island of Ischia, occurred on 21 August 2017, has been studied through a multiparametric geophysical approach. In order to investigate the source geometry and kinematics we exploit seismological, Global Positioning System, and Sentinel‐1 and COSMO‐SkyMed differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar coseismic measurements. Our results indicate that the retrieved solutions from the geodetic data modeling and the seismological data are plausible; in particular, the best fit solution consists of an E‐W striking, south dipping normal fault, with its center located at a depth of 800 m. Moreover, the retrieved causative fault is consistent with the rheological stratification of the crust in this zone. This study allows us to improve the knowledge of the volcano‐tectonic processes occurring on the Island, which is crucial for a better assessment of the seismic risk in the area.
Transpressional Rupture Cascade of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand
Authors: Xu Wenbin , Feng Guangcai , Meng Lingsen , Zhang Ailin , Ampuero Jean Paul , Bürgmann Roland , Fang Lihua 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLarge earthquakes often do not occur on a simple planar fault but involve rupture of multiple geometrically complex faults. The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand, involved the rupture of at least 21 faults, propagating from southwest to northeast for about 180 km. Here we combine space geodesy and seismology techniques to study subsurface fault geometry, slip distribution, and the kinematics of the rupture. Our finite‐fault slip model indicates that the fault motion changes from predominantly right‐lateral slip near the epicenter to transpressional slip in the northeast with a maximum coseismic surface displacement of about 10 m near the intersection between the Kekerengu and Papatea faults. Teleseismic back projection imaging shows that rupture speed was overall slow (1.4 km/s) but faster on individual fault segments (approximately 2 km/s) and that the conjugate, oblique‐reverse, north striking faults released the largest high‐frequency energy. We show that the linking Conway‐Charwell faults aided in propagation of rupture across the step over from the Humps fault zone to the Hope fault. Fault slip cascaded along the Jordan Thrust, Kekerengu, and Needles faults, causing stress perturbations that activated two major conjugate faults, the Hundalee and Papatea faults. Our results shed important light on the study of earthquakes and seismic hazard evaluation in geometrically complex fault systems.
DNA Origami‐Guided Assembly of the Roundest 60–100 nm Gold Nanospheres into Plasmonic Metamolecules
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Huh Ji‐Hyeok , Kim Kwangjin , Lee Seungwoo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDNA origami can provide programmed information to guide the self‐assembly of gold nanospheres (Au NSs) into higher‐order supracolloids. Molecularly precise and truly 2D/3D integration of Au NSs is possible using DNA origami‐enabled assembly, and the resulting assemblies have potential applications in plasmonics and metamaterials. However, the relatively small size (<60 nm) and randomly faceted Au NSs that have been used thus far in DNA origami‐enabled assembly have limited their nanophotonic applications. Here, the robust self‐assembly of the 60–100 nm roundest Au NSs into metamolecular assemblies using 3D DNA origami is described. These Au NSs are successfully conjugated with DNA oligonucleotides and are therefore stable at high salt concentrations even without backfilling using organic ligands. The roundest Au NSs are successfully assembled into supracolloidal metamolecules and chains via 3D DNA origami. These plasmonic metamolecules and chains display strong electric and unnatural magnetic resonances that can be deterministically controlled.
Multifactorial modeling and optimization of solution and electrospinning parameters to generate superfine polystyrene nanofibers
Authors: Rezaei Babak , Shoushtari Ahmad Mousavi , Rabiee Mohammad , Uzun Lokman , Turner Anthony P. F. , Cheung Mak Wing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to provide a quantitative understanding of the influence of the different solution and electrospinning variables on the morphology and the mean diameter of electrospun polystyrene nanofibers. In this regard, the effect of different solvents and ionic additives on the electrical conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension of the electrospinning solutions and thereby the morphology of nanofibers were examined. The results indicated that the morphology of the fibers is extremely dependent on the solvent's properties, especially volatility and electrical conductivity, and the ionic characteristics of additives. Finally, to estimate the optimal electrospinning conditions for production of nanofibers with minimum possible diameter, modeling of the process was undertaken using the response surface methodology. Experimentally, nanofibers with the finest diameter of 169 ± 21 nm were obtained under the optimized conditions, and these could be considered promising candidates for a wide practical range of applications ranging from biosensors to filtration.
Probing Electron Mobility of Monolayer MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistors in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Lu Ming‐Pei , Dai Xiao‐Yen , Lu Ming‐Yen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAtomically thin layered 2D semiconductors have inspired intense interest in building hybrid liquid–semiconductor electronic systems for next‐generation biological/chemical sensing applications. There remains, however, a lack of understanding of the electrical characteristics of 2D materials in aqueous environments and, thereby, much useful information for advancing the development of such emerging sensor systems. In this study, the effects of aqueous environments on the field‐effect electron mobility (µFE) of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field‐effect transistors (FETs), using various operational modes (back‐gating, liquid‐gating, and dual‐gating), are explored at room temperature. The value of µFE of the MoS2 exposed to deionized (DI) water is much greater than that treated merely under ambient conditions, presumably the result of a dielectric screening effect. When the DI water is changed to a biologically compatible buffer (0.01 or 0.1 m potassium phosphate buffer) at pH 7, the value of µFE decreases significantly. Further investigation into the possible origin of the degraded mobility suggests that the ions in the aqueous solutions play an important role as additional scatterers. This report should enhance the understanding of the mechanisms of mobility scattering in liquid–semiconductor 2D FET systems for applications in hybrid electronics, bioelectronics, and nanosensors.
Porous MoS2/Carbon Spheres Anchored on 3D Interconnected Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Networks for Ultrafast Na Storage
Authors: Chen Biao , Lu Huihui , Zhou Jingwen , Ye Chao , Shi Chunsheng , Zhao Naiqin , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe performance of lithium and sodium‐ion batteries is partly determined by the microstructures of the active materials and anodes. Much attention has been paid to the construction of various nanostructured active materials, with emphasis on optimizing the electronic and ionic transport kinetics, and structural stability. However, less attention has been given to the functionalization of electrode microstructure to enhance performance. Therefore, it is significant to study the effect of optimized microstructures of both active materials and electrodes on the performance of batteries. In this work, porous MoS2/carbon spheres anchored on 3D interconnected multiwall carbon nanotube networks (MoS2/C‐MWCNT) are built as sodium‐ion battery anodes to synergistically facilitate the sodium‐ion storage process. The optimized MoS2/C‐MWCNT possesses favorable features, namely few‐layered, defect‐rich, and interlayer‐expanded MoS2 with abundant mesopores/macropores and carbon incorporation. Notably, the presence of 3D MWCNT network plays a critical role to further improve interparticle and intraparticle conductivity, sodium‐ion diffusion, and structural stability on the electrode level. As a result, the electrochemical performance of optimized MoS2/C‐MWCNT is significantly improved. This study suggests that rational design of microstructures on both active material and electrode levels simultaneously might be a useful strategy for designing high performance sodium‐ion batteries.
Ionically Conductive Self‐Healing Binder for Low Cost Si Microparticles Anodes in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Munaoka Takatoshi , Yan Xuzhou , Lopez Jeffrey , To John W. F. , Park Jihye , Tok Jeffrey B.‐H. , Cui Yi , Bao Zhenan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA self‐healing polymer (SHP) with abundant hydrogen bonds, appropriate viscoelasticity, and stretchability is a promising binder to improve cycle performance of Si microparticle anodes in lithium (Li) ion batteries. Besides high capacity and long cycle life, efficient rate performance is strongly desirable for practical Si anode implementation. Here, polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups are incorporated into the SHP, facilitating Li ionic conduction within the binder. The concept of the SHP‐PEG binder involves improving the interface between Si microparticles and electrolytes after cycling based on the combination of self‐healing ability and fast Li ionic conduction. Through the systematic study of mixing PEG Mw and ratio, the polymeric binder combining SHP and PEG with Mw 750 in an optimal ratio of 60:40 (mol%) achieves a high discharging capacity of ≈2600 mA h g−1, reasonable rate performance especially when >1C and maintains 80% of their initial capacity even after ≈150 cycles at 0.5C. The described concept for the polymeric binder, embedding both self‐healing ability and high Li ionic conductivity, should be equally useful for next generation batteries utilizing high capacity materials which suffer from huge volume change during cycling.