bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anemia and Risk of Fractures in Older Korean Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Lee Eun Ae , Shin Dong Wook , Yoo Jun Hyun , Ko Hyeon Young , Jeong Su Min 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Anemia is a common health problem in older adults and is associated with risk factors for fracture such as low physical function and low bone mass. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between anemia and fracture risk in older adults. We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2003 to 2013. The participants were community-dwelling Korean adults aged 65 years and older who participated in the National Health Screening Program (n = 72,131) between 2003 and 2008. Anemia (&lt;12 g/dL for women and &lt;13 g/dL for men) and severity of anemia (mild: 11 g/dL ≤ Hb &lt; 12 g/dL; moderate to severe: Hb &lt; 11 g/dL) were defined by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The incidence of any fractures, vertebral fractures, and femur fractures was identified using ICD-10 codes. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess risk of fracture according to anemia. Anemia was associated with increased risk of fracture in men (any: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–1.41; vertebral: aHR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.40; femur: aHR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.44–2.04), and less strongly but still significantly in women (any: aHR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.11–1.41; vertebral: aHR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.20; femur: aHR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.25–1.52). Higher risk was observed in subjects with moderate-to-severe anemia in both sexes. Considering the high prevalence of anemia in older adults, it is important that health professionals recognize increased fracture risk in older adults with anemia. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effects of Denosumab and Alendronate on Bone Health and Vascular Function in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Iseri Ken , Watanabe Makoto , Yoshikawa Hisako , Mitsui Hisao , Endo Teruhiko , Yamamoto Yuichiro , Iyoda Masayuki , Ryu Kakei , Inaba Taro , Shibata Takanori 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Mineral and bone disorders including osteoporosis are common in dialysis patients and contribute to increased morbimortality. However, whether denosumab and alendronate are effective and safe treatments in hemodialysis patients is not known. Thus, we conducted a prospective, three-center study of 48 hemodialysis patients who were diagnosed as having osteoporosis and had not received anti-osteoporotic agents previously. Participants were randomized to either denosumab or intravenous alendronate, and all subjects received elemental calcium and calcitriol during the initial 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percent change in lumbar spine bone mineral density (LSBMD) at 12 months of treatment. The secondary endpoints included the following: change in BMD at other sites; change of serum bone turnover markers (BTM), coronary artery calcium score (CACS), ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), flow mediated dilation (FMD), and intima-media thickness at the carotid artery (CA-IMT); change from day 0 to day 14 in serum levels of Ca and P; time course of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH); new fractures; and adverse events. Initial supplementation with elemental calcium and calcitriol markedly ameliorated the decrease of serum corrected calcium (cCa) levels induced by denosumab during the first 2 weeks, whereas serum cCa levels in the alendronate group were increased. Denosumab and alendronate markedly decreased serum levels of BTM and increased LSBMD at 12 months compared with baseline. However, no significant differences were found in the changes in LSBMD between the two groups. The serum cCa, P, and i-PTH levels in the two groups were maintained within the appropriate range. In contrast to the anti-osteoporotic effects, no significant differences after 12 months of treatment were found in the CACS, CA-IMT, ABI, baPWV, and FMD compared with pretreatment in both groups. Denosumab and alendronate treatment improved LSBMD, reduced BTM, and appeared to be safe in hemodialysis patients with osteoporosis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Alignment differs between patellofemoral osteoarthritis cases and matched controls: An upright 3D MRI study
Authors: Macri Erin M. , d'Entremont Agnes G. , Crossley Kay M. , Hart Harvi F. , Forster Bruce B. , Wilson David R. , Ratzlaff Charles R. , Goldsmith Charlie H. , Khan Karim M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTPatellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and clinically important knee OA subgroup. Malalignment may be an important risk factor for PF OA. However, little is known about alignment in PF OA, particularly in an upright, weightbearing environment. Using a vertically‐oriented open‐bore MR scanner, we evaluated 3D knee alignment in 15 PF OA cases and 15 individually matched asymptomatic controls. We imaged one knee per participant while they stood two‐legged at four flexion angles (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°), and also while they stood one‐legged at 30° knee flexion. We calculated 3D patellofemoral and tibiofemoral alignment. Using mixed effects models, four of the five patellofemoral measures differed by group. For key measures, PF OA patellae were 6.6° [95%CI 5.0, 8.2] more laterally tilted, 2.4 mm [1.3, 3.5] more laterally translated, and at least 3.7 mm [0.2, 7.2] more proximally translated compared to controls (more with knees flexed). Alignment did not differ between two‐legged stance and one‐legged stance in either group. Statement of Clinical Significance: Our study demonstrated significant and clinically relevant differences in alignment between PF OA cases and controls in upright standing and squatting positions. Our findings were similar to those in previous studies of PF OA using traditional MR scanners in supine positions, supporting the clinical usefulness of existing methods aimed at identifying individuals who may benefit from interventions designed to correct malalignment. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. 9999:1–9, 2019.
Stage‐matched survival differences by ethnicity among gastric cancer patients of Asian ancestry treated in the United States
Authors: Rhome Ryan M. , Ru Meng , Moshier Erin , Mazumdar Madhu , Buckstein Michael H. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundDifferences have been noted in overall survival (OS) in gastric cancer (GC) between trials conducted in Western vs Asian countries. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) reports outcomes and patient/disease variables relevant to OS.MethodsUsing NCDB, we identified 89 558 adult patients with GC diagnosed (2004‐2012), where self‐reported race/ethnicity was available. Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate multivariable hazard ratio (HR) of death, adjusting for race/ethnicity, age, gender, insurance, histology, grade, location, stage, and treatment type.ResultsAfter adjustment, Asian patients had improved OS (HR = 0.74, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.71‐0.77). There were differences in OS between Asian ethnicities compared with white patients (n = 69 945), notably with Korean (n = 1249, HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.64‐0.75), Chinese (n = 1271, HR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.64‐0.75), and Indian/Pakistani patients (n = 492, HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.61‐0.76). Japanese (n = 829, HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.77‐0.91) and Vietnamese (n = 560, HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.71‐0.88) OS was also improved (P < 0.0001), while Filipino patients showed no difference (n = 415, HR = 1.00). Black patients had slightly improved OS (n = 13 500, HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.95‐1.00, P = 0.035).ConclusionsThis analysis supports improved OS in Asian patients independent of stage, treatment, and known patient or disease characteristics in this large US cohort, and is the largest to define OS differences between Asian ethnicities.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as a treatment for tinnitus
Authors: Phillips John S. , Erskine Sally , Moore Tal , Nunney Ian , Wright Catherine 
Published: January 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for tinnitus.Study DesignSingle‐site prospective interventional clinical trial at a university hospital in the United Kingdom.MethodsParticipants were provided with tEMDR. This is a bespoke EMDR protocol that was developed specifically to treat individuals with tinnitus. Participants received a maximum of 10 sessions of tEMDR. Outcome measures including tinnitus questionnaires and mood questionnaires were recorded at baseline, discharge, and at 6 months postdischarge.ResultsTinnitus Handicap Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory scores demonstrated a statistically significant improvement at discharge after EMDR intervention (P = .0005 and P = .0098, respectively); this improvement was maintained at 6 months postdischarge. There was also a moderate but not significant (P = .0625) improvement in Beck Anxiety Inventory scores.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that the provision of tEMDR has resulted in a clinically and statistically significant improvement in tinnitus symptoms in the majority of those participants who took part. Furthermore, the treatment effect was maintained at 6 months after treatment ceased. This study is of particular interest, as the study protocol was designed to be purposefully inclusive of a diverse range of tinnitus patients. However, as a small uncontrolled study, these results do not consider the significant effects of placebo and therapist interaction. Larger high‐quality studies are essential for the verification of these preliminary results.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:2384–2390, 2019
Patency of the nasolacrimal drainage system after power‐assisted medial flap turbinoplasty
Authors: Almoumen Zahra , AlQahtani Saeed , Albaharna Hussain 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTurbinoplasty is a common procedure for the management of nasal blockage resulting from inferior turbinate hypertrophy. There are many ways to perform turbinoplasty; however, power‐assisted medial flap turbinoplasty provides reliable reduction and long‐lasting results compared to other techniques. The aim of this study was to assess the patency of the nasolacrimal drainage system after power‐assisted medial flap turbinoplasty and to investigate the safety of this procedure with regard to drainage of the nasolacrimal ducts.MethodsThis prospective study included 31 patients (62 turbinates) who underwent power‐assisted medial flap turbinoplasty in the period between January 2017 and December 2017 and had a normal nasolacrimal drainage system as confirmed by endoscopic fluorescein dye test preoperatively. The test was repeated 3 months postoperatively to test for patency.ResultsAll the patients showed normal drainage of the fluorescein dye from the inferior meatus preoperatively and postoperatively as well. No other major complications resulting from the power‐assisted medial flap turbinoplasty procedure were reported.ConclusionPower‐assisted medial flap turbinoplasty is a safe and effective procedure. There was no nasolacrimal duct injury among our patients and we did not observe any major complications.Level of EvidenceIIb
Glycopolymers Made from Polyrotaxanes Terminated with Bile Acids: Preparation, Self‐Assembly, and Targeting Delivery
Authors: Liu Sa , Jin Jiahong , Jia Yong‐Guang , Wang Jin , Mo Lina , Chen Xiaohui , Qi Dawei , Chen Yunhua , Ren Li 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe use of natural compounds to construct biomaterials, including delivery system, is an attractive strategy. In the present study, through threading functional α‐cyclodextrins onto the conjugated macromolecules of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and natural compound bile acid, glycopolymers of polyrotaxanes with the active targeting ability are obtained. These glycopolymers self‐assemble into micelles as evidenced by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, in which glucosamine, as an example of targeting groups, is introduced. These micelles after loading doxorubicin (DOX) exhibit the selective recognition with cancer cells 4T1. Meanwhile, the maximal half inhibitory concentration is determined to be ≈2.5 mg L−1 for the DOX‐loaded micelles, close to the value of free DOX·HCl (1.9 mg L−1). The cumulative release of DOX at pH 5.5 is faster than at pH 7.4, which may be used as the controlled release system. This drug delivery system assembled by glycopolymers features high drug loading of DOX, superior biocompatibility. The strategy not only utilizes the micellization induced by bile acids, but also overcomes the major limitation of PEG such as the lack of targeting groups. In particular, this drug delivery platform can extend to grafting the other targeting groups, rendering this system more versatile.
The 6q25.1 rs2046210 polymorphism is associated with an elevated susceptibility to breast cancer: A meta‐analysis of 261,703 subjects
Authors: Jin Tie‐feng , Zhang Wen‐ting , Zhou Zhen‐feng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral genome‐wide association studies already explored the associations between 6q25.1 rs2046210 polymorphism and breast cancer (BC), but the results of these studies were not consistent. Thus, we conducted a meta‐analysis of relevant studies to better analyze the effects of rs2046210 polymorphism on individual susceptibility to BC.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsTotally 21 studies with 261,703 subjects were analyzed. A significant association with BC was observed for the rs2046210 polymorphism in GG versus GA +AA (dominant comparison, p < 0.0001, OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.73–0.83), AA versus GG + GA (recessive comparison, p < 0.0001, OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.18–1.24), GA versus GG + AA (overdominant comparison, p < 0.0001, OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.08–1.16), and G versus A (allele comparison, p < 0.0001, OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.82–0.89). Further subgroup analyses yielded similar positive results in both Asians and Caucasians.ConclusionIn summary, our findings suggested that the rs2046210 polymorphism may serve as a potential genetic biomarker of BC in both Asians and Caucasians.
Circular array with displaced phase reference
Authors: Chepala Anil , Fusco Vincent 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe describe how the phase reference of a circular array can be relocated from its center to an arbitrary radiating element located on the array while preserving the ability to project a collimated beam that can be steered into any azimuthal direction as with a conventional circular array. The ability to arbitrarily reposition the phase reference of the array makes this suitable for reducing Doppler effects when the array is in motion.
Glycemic Control in Adult Surgical Patients Receiving Regular Insulin Added to Parenteral Nutrition vs Insulin Glargine: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Truong Stephanie , Park Annie , Kamalay Salem , Hung Nancy , Meyer Jesse G. , Nguyen Nicole , Momenzadeh Amanda 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundHyperglycemia is a frequent complication in patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) and has been associated with an increased risk of mortality. Treatment of hyperglycemia requires insulin therapy; however, the optimal dose and route have not been established. This study aimed to compare regular insulin added to PN (RI‐in‐PN) with subcutaneous insulin glargine for the management of hyperglycemia in patients receiving PN.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary medical center and reviewed 113 adult, non–critically ill surgical patient admissions receiving PN over a 5‐year period. The primary outcome was achievement of glycemic control. Secondary outcomes were time to glycemic control, hypoglycemic events, hospital length of stay, and 1‐year mortality.ResultsThe RI‐in‐PN group had a significantly higher percentage of patient admissions who achieved glycemic control compared with the insulin glargine group (71.8% vs 48.6%, P = 0.017). There was no difference in time to glycemic control, hypoglycemic events, hospital length of stay, or 1‐year mortality between groups. Among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), however, the insulin glargine group had a significantly higher percentage of admissions with at least 1 hypoglycemic event (45.5% vs 20%, P = 0.035).ConclusionsRI‐in‐PN is recommended over insulin glargine because of the higher likelihood of achieving glycemic control and, in patients with DM, lower risk of hypoglycemic events. Large, randomized controlled trials are needed to further guide prescribing practice.
Thermal Decomposition Enhancement of HMX by Bonding with TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Qing , Xiao Chun , Xie Xiao , Zheng Bao‐hui , Li Shang‐bin , Luo Guan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe appropriate structure and properties of a composite material, including the morphology, particle size, and bond strength, are very important for its performance and practical applications. The energetic material HMX (C4H8N8O8, cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine) is typically mixed with nanocatalysts to improve its thermal decomposition, which is advantageous for its detonation performance in practical applications. Inspired by the bioadhesion of mussels, a HMX@PDA@TiO2 (HMX first coated with PDA film and second coated with TiO2 nanoparticles) composite was developed in this study to greatly advance the thermal decomposition temperatures. A simple stirring process was used to prepare the composite from HMX and TiO2 nanoparticles under dopamine solutions with different pH values. Nanocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of HMX by reacting with the dopamine and polydopamine coatings. Compared with other reference samples, the thermal behavior of the obtained composite showed that the starting decomposition temperature was lower, at approximately 60 °C, and that the decomposition peak decreased by 35 °C, indicating that the composite properties should have great effects on the thermal performance of the materials. The findings offer a valuable composite preparation method to enhance the thermal behavior and the effect of the catalyst on the composite via bonding effects.
Assessing the predictability of Medicanes in ECMWF ensemble forecasts using an object‐based approach
Authors: Di Muzio Enrico , Riemer Michael , Fink Andreas H. , Maier‐Gerber Michael 
Published: January 2019

The predictability of eight southern European tropical‐like cyclones – seven Medicanes and the first‐ever documented case of such a storm in the Bay of Biscay – is studied evaluating European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational ensemble forecasts against operational analysis data. Forecast cyclone trajectories are compared with the cyclone trajectory in the analysis by means of a dynamic time warping technique, which allows one to find a match in terms of their overall spatio‐temporal similarity. Each storm is treated as an object and its forecasts are analysed using parameters that describe intensity, symmetry, compactness and upper‐level thermal structure. This object‐based approach allows one to focus on specific storm features, while tolerating their shifts in time and space to some extent.The high compactness and symmetry of the storms are generally poorly predicted, especially at long lead times. However, forecast accuracy tends to improve strongly at short lead times, indicating that the ECMWF ensemble forecast model can adequately reproduce Medicanes, albeit only a few days in advance. In particular, late forecasts which have been initialised when the cyclone has already developed are distinctly more accurate than earlier forecasts in predicting its kinematic and thermal structure, confirming previous findings of high sensitivity of Medicane simulations to initial conditions.Findings reveal a markedly non‐gradual evolution of ensemble forecasts with lead time, which is often far from a progressive convergence towards the analysis value. Specifically, a rapid increase in the probability of cyclone occurrence (a “forecast jump”) is seen in most cases, generally with lead times between 5 and 7 days. Jumps are also found for the forecast distribution of storm thermal structure. This behaviour is consistent with the existence of predictability barriers. On the other hand, storm position forecasts often exhibit a consistent spatial distribution of storm position uncertainty and bias between consecutive forecasts.
Robust sampled‐data model predictive control for networked systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Shi Ting , Shi Peng , Wang Shuoyu 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of sampled‐data model predictive control (MPC) is investigated for linear networked control systems with both input delay and input saturation. The delay‐induced nonlinearity is overapproximatively modeled as a polytopic inclusion. The nonlinear behavior of input saturation is expressed as a convex polytope. The resulting closed‐loop systems are represented as linear systems with polytopic and additive norm‐bounded uncertainties. The aim is to determine a robust MPC controller that asymptotically stabilizes the uncertain system at the origin with a certain level of quadratic performance. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Autonomous pollination of individual kiwifruit flowers: Toward a robotic kiwifruit pollinator
Authors: Williams Henry , Nejati Mahla , Hussein Salome , Penhall Nicky , Lim Jong Yoon , Jones Mark Hedley , Bell Jamie , Ahn Ho Seok , Bradley Stuart , Schaare Peter , Martinsen Paul , Alomar Mohammad , Patel Purak , Seabright Matthew , Duke Mike , Scarfe Alistair , MacDonald Bruce 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is an increasing concern that the traditional approach of natural kiwifruit pollination by bees may not be sustainable. The alternatives are currently too costly for most growers due to high labor requirements or inefficient usage of expensive pollen. This paper presents a performance evaluation of a novel kiwifruit pollinating robot designed to provide a more efficient, reliable, and cost‐effective means of producing kiwifruit. The robot comprises a novel air‐assisted sprayer, a machine vision system employing convolution neural networks, and a flower targeting system for efficient and effective application of pollen to individual flowers. We show that this pollination system is capable of individually targeting and pollinating 79.5% of flowers at 3.5 km/hr while using comparable amounts of pollen to commercial Cambrian operators. Furthermore, flowers that were successfully pollinated at 1 km/hr grew into the first robotically pollinated kiwifruit which were comparable in quality to commercially grown kiwifruit. However, the overall fruit set was found to be well below commercial requirements and further work on increasing the overall yield is required.