bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrawide Bandwidth Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers Composed of Double-Layer Frequency Selective Surfaces with Different Patterns
Authors: Liu Tian , Kim Sung-Soo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA novel design for an ultra-wide bandwidth and thin microwave absorber is introduced utilizing two frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) with different patterns of resonating frequencies. The circuit parameters, inductance and capacitance, of the three types of FSS (square loop, cross, square patch) were determined using an equivalent circuit and strip wire conductor model. The square loop FSS indicates a low frequency resonance (10 GHz) due to its high inductance and capacitance. On the other hand, the square patch of small inductance reveals a high resonating frequency (36 GHz). By optimizing the combination of the two FSSs, an ultra-wide absorption bandwidth (6.3–40.0 GHz for −10 dB reflection loss) was designed with a small total thickness of 5.5 mm, which is close to the theoretical limit. The free space measurement result with a test sample prepared by the screen printing method was in good agreement with the simulation result and verified the validity of the proposed design method. For these periodic array structures, however, the grating lobes were observed above the high frequency limit, and it needs to be emphasized that the further control of the unit cell periodicity is important, particularly for large oblique incidence angles.
Rapid Shifts of Peak Flowering Phenology in 12 Species under the Effects of Extreme Climate Events in Macao
Authors: Zhang Jianhao , Yi Qifei , Xing Fuwu , Tang Chunyan , Wang Lin , Ye Wen , Ng Ian Ian , Chan Tou I , Chen Hongfeng , Liu Dongming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPlant phenology is sensitive to climate change; the timing of flowering has served as a visible indicator of plant phenology in numerous studies. The present study used phenological records from a manual monitoring program to characterize the flowering phenology of 12 species in Guia Hill, Macao. The mean peak flowering dates (PFDs) of these species ranged from March to September, 41.7% of which occurred in May. The earliest or latest PFDs of nine species occurred in 2013, a year with extremely heavy rain events in early spring. In addition, we found that, in the 5-year period, the monthly mean temperature or monthly precipitation in two periods, specifically 1) during November to December of the previous year and 2) during 0–2 months before the PFDs of each species, were significantly correlated with the PFD of eight species. The result showed that, even though complex species-specific responses to the characteristics of climate widely exist, most species in the present study responded to shifts in climate shifts in these two periods. In addition, some species were extraordinarily sensitive to extreme climate events. Precipitation was more effective in altering flowering date than temperature, especially among the late-flowering species in Guia Hill, Macao.
A specific, promoter-independent activity of T7 RNA polymerase suggests a general model for DNA/RNA editing in single subunit RNA Polymerases
Authors: Sarcar Subha Narayan , Miller Dennis L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInsertional RNA editing has been observed and characterized in mitochondria of myxomycetes. The single subunit mitochondrial RNA polymerase adds nontemplated nucleotides co-transcriptionally to produce functional tRNA, rRNA and mRNAs with full genetic information. Addition of nontemplated nucleotides to the 3′ ends of RNAs have been observed in polymerases related to the mitochondrial RNA polymerase. This activity has been observed with T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP), the well characterized prototype of the single subunit polymerases, as a nonspecific addition of nucleotides to the 3′ end of T7 RNAP transcripts in vitro. Here we show that this novel activity is an editing activity that can add specific ribonucleotides to 3′ ends of RNA or DNA when oligonucleotides, able to form intramolecular or intermolecular hairpin loops with recessed 3′ ends, are added to T7 RNA polymerase in the presence of at least one ribonucleotide triphosphate. Specific ribonucleotides are added to the recessed 3′ ends through Watson-Crick base pairing with the non-base paired nucleotide adjacent to the 3′ end. Optimization of this activity is obtained through alteration of the lengths of the 5′-extension, hairpin loop, and hairpin duplex. These properties define a T7 RNAP activity different from either transcriptional elongation or initiation.
Large-scale mass wasting on small volcanic islands revealed by the study of Flores Island (Azores)
Authors: Hildenbrand A. , Marques F. O. , Catalão J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSmall intra-plate volcanic islands (total height above seafloor <2500 m) have been considered gravitationally stable. Topographic, stratigraphic, structural and new K/Ar data show that the small island of Flores (Azores) is strongly asymmetric and made up of nested volcanic successions. Along the northwestern coastline, ca. 1.2 Ma lava flows are in lateral contact with a younger volcanic unit (ca. 0.7 Ma), reflecting the existence of a steep lateral discontinuity. From the general dip of the lava flows, their age and the arcuate geometry of the contact, we infer a major landslide that removed the western flank of the older volcano. Further inland, E-dipping lava flows at the summit of the island are ca. 1.3 Ma, suggesting another landslide structure that displaced the whole western half of the former volcanic edifice. Available offshore data show a large hummocky field west of Flores, here interpreted as voluminous debris-avalanche deposits. Unlike the eastern and central Azores islands, Flores sits on a relatively stable tectonic setting. Therefore, we propose that small-size volcanic islands can be sufficiently gravitationally unstable to experience recurrent episodes of large-scale mass wasting triggered by mechanisms other than tectonic earthquakes and thus represent an under-evaluated potential source of hazard and, therefore, risk.
Divergent action of fluoxetine in zebrafish according to responsivity to novelty
Authors: Fior Débora , Dametto Fernanda , Fagundes Michele , Santos da Rosa João Gabriel , Sander de Abreu Murilo , Koakoski Gessi , Idalencio Renan , de Alcântara Barcellos Heloísa Helena , Piato Angelo , Barcellos Leonardo José Gil 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHere we show that the novel object recognition test can discriminate between high (HRN, neophobic) and low (LRN, neophilic) novelty responders in zebrafish populations. Especially when we observe the latency to the first entry in the novel object zone, zebrafish did not maintain these behavioral phenotypes in sequential tests and only the HRN group returned to their initial responsive behavior when exposed to fluoxetine. Our results have important implications for behavioral data analysis since such behavioral differences can potentially increase individual response variability and interfere with the outcomes obtained from various behavioral tasks. Our data reinforce the validity of personality determination in zebrafish since we show clear differences in behavior in response to fluoxetine.
Polyoxometalate-based microcrystal arrays patterned on air-grid superwettable surface
Authors: Zhang Tianzhan , Wang Yuefeng , Fan Jun-Bing , Meng Jingxin , Li Yangguang , Wang Enbo , Wang Shutao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSurface patterning of polyoxometalates (POMs) is an important step to gain functional materials and devices. However, some special requirements such as complex operation steps or strict synthesis environment greatly limit their further applications. Herein, we have employed a simple and universal strategy for patterning POM-based microcrystal arrays on air-grid superwettable surfaces. The size and distribution of POM crystals were precisely adjusted by varying the pillar parameter of superwettable surface and concentration of POM mother liquid. We envision that this POM patterning method may bring valuable insights for designing POM-based functional materials and devices.
Copper-to-copper direct bonding on highly (111)-oriented nanotwinned copper in no-vacuum ambient
Authors: Juang Jing-Ye , Lu Chia-Ling , Chen Kuan-Ju , Chen Chao-Chang A. , Hsu Po-Ning , Chen Chih , Tu K. N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA vacuum-free Cu-to-Cu direct bonding by using (111)-oriented and nanotwinned Cu has been achieved. A fast bonding process occurs in 5 min under a temperature gradient between 450 and 100 °C. It is verified by grain growth across the bonded interface. To investigate the grain growth behavior, further annealing in the temperature gradient, as well as in a reversed temperature gradient, was performed. They showed similar recrystallization behavior with de-twinning. To analyze the de-twinning, we recall the classic model of annealing twin formation by Fullman and Fisher as comparison. Our case is opposite to the model of Fullman and Fisher. A mechanism of direct bonding by surface diffusion creep is proposed.
Effects of soiling on photovoltaic (PV) modules in the Atacama Desert
Authors: Cordero R. R. , Damiani A. , Laroze D. , MacDonell S. , Jorquera J. , Sepúlveda E. , Feron S. , Llanillo P. , Labbe F. , Carrasco J. , Ferrer J. , Torres G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSoiling by dry deposition affects the power output of photovoltaic (PV) modules, especially under dry and arid conditions that favor natural atmospheric aerosols (wind-blown dust). In this paper, we report on measurements of the soiling effect on the energy yield of grid-connected crystalline silicon PV modules deployed in five cities across a north-south transect of approximately 1300 km in the Atacama Desert ranging from latitude 18°S to latitude 30°S. Energy losses were assessed by comparing side-by-side outputs of four co-planar PV modules. Two of the PV modules of the array were kept clean as a control, while we allowed the other two to naturally accumulate soiling for 12 months (from January 2017 to January 2018). We found that the combination of high deposition rates and infrequent rainfalls led to annual energy losses that peaked at 39% in the northern coastal part of the desert. In contrast, annual energy losses of 3% or less were measured at relatively high-altitude sites and also at locations in the southern part of the desert. For comparison, soiling-induced annual energy losses of about 7% were measured in Santiago, Chile (33°S), a major city with higher rainfall frequency but where urban pollution plays a significant role.
Grading facial expression is a sensitive means to detect grimace differences in orofacial pain in a rat model
Authors: Sperry Megan M. , Yu Ya-Hsin , Welch Rachel L. , Granquist Eric J. , Winkelstein Beth A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough pre-clinical models of pain are useful for defining relationships between biological mechanisms and pain, common methods testing peripheral sensitivity do not translate to the human pain experience. Facial grimace scales evaluate affective pain levels in rodent models by capturing and scoring spontaneous facial expression. But, the Rat Grimace Scale (RGS) has not assessed the common disorder of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. A rat model of TMJ pain induced by jaw loading (1 hr/day for 7 days) was used to investigate the time course of RGS scores and compare them between different loading magnitudes with distinct peripheral sensitivity profiles (0N–no sensitivity, 2N–acute sensitivity, 3.5N–persistent sensitivity). In the 3.5N group, RGS is elevated over baseline during the loading period and one day after loading and is correlated with peripheral sensitivity (ρ = −0.48, p = 0.002). However, RGS is not elevated later when that group exhibits peripheral sensitivity and moderate TMJ condylar cartilage degeneration. Acutely, RGS is elevated in the 3.5N loading group over the other loading groups (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that RGS is an effective tool for detecting spontaneous TMJ pain and that spontaneous pain is detectable in rats that develop persistent TMJ sensitivity, but not in rats with acute resolving sensitivity.
A Supramolecular Approach for Enhanced Antibacterial Activity and Extended Shelf-life of Fluoroquinolone Drugs with Cucurbit[7]uril
Authors: El-Sheshtawy Hamdy S. , Chatterjee Suchandra , Assaf Khaleel I. , Shinde Meenakshi N. , Nau Werner M. , Mohanty Jyotirmayee 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe host-guest interactions of a third-generation fluoroquinone, danofloxacin (DOFL), with the macrocyclic host cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) have been investigated at different pH values (~3.5, 7.5, and 10). The photophysical properties have been positively affected, that is, the fluorescence yield and lifetime increased, as well as the photostability of DOFL improved in the presence of CB7. The antibacterial activity of DOFL is enhanced in the presence of CB7, as tested against four pathogenic bacteria; highest activity has been found towards B. cereus and E. coli, and lower activity towards S. aureus and S. typhi. The antibacterial activity of two additional second-generation fluoroquinones, i.e., norfloxacin and ofloxacin, has also been investigated in the absence as well as the presence of CB7 and compared with that of DOFL. In case of all drugs, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was reduced 3–5 fold in the presence of CB7. The extended shelf-life (antibacterial activity over time) of the fluoroquinone drugs in the presence of CB7, irrespective of four types of bacteria, can be attributed to the enhanced photostability of their CB7 complexes, which can act as better antibiotics with a longer expiry date than uncomplexed DOFL.
Rotavirus-Induced Early Activation of the RhoA/ROCK/MLC Signaling Pathway Mediates the Disruption of Tight Junctions in Polarized MDCK Cells
Authors: Soliman Mahmoud , Cho Eun-Hyo , Park Jun-Gyu , Kim Ji-Yun , Alfajaro Mia Madel , Baek Yeong-Bin , Kim Deok-Song , Kang Mun-Il , Park Sang-Ik , Cho Kyoung-Oh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntestinal epithelial tight junctions (TJ) are a major barrier restricting the entry of various harmful factors including pathogens; however, they also represent an important entry portal for pathogens. Although the rotavirus-induced early disruption of TJ integrity and targeting of TJ proteins as coreceptors are well-defined, the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. In the present study, infection of polarized MDCK cells with the species A rotavirus (RVA) strains human DS-1 and bovine NCDV induced a redistribution of TJ proteins into the cytoplasm, a reversible decrease in transepithelial resistance, and an increase in paracellular permeability. RhoA/ROCK/MLC signaling was identified as activated at an early stage of infection, while inhibition of this pathway prevented the rotavirus-induced early disruption of TJ integrity and alteration of TJ protein distribution. Activation of pMYPT, PKC, or MLCK, which are known to participate in TJ dissociation, was not observed in MDCK cells infected with either rotavirus strain. Our data demonstrated that binding of RVA virions or cogent VP8* proteins to cellular receptors activates RhoA/ROCK/MLC signaling, which alters TJ protein distribution and disrupts TJ integrity via contraction of the perijunctional actomyosin ring, facilitating virion access to coreceptors and entry into cells.
Brcal Defective Breast Cancer Cells Induce in vitro Transformation of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) to Metastasis Associated Fibroblasts (MAF)
Authors: Hemalatha Sreelatha K. , Sengodan Satheesh Kumar , Nadhan Revathy , Dev Jithin , Sushama Reshma R. , Somasundaram Veena , Thankappan Ratheeshkumar , Rajan Arathi , Latha Neetha Rajan , Varghese Geetu Rose , Mathew Arun Peter , Somanathan Thara , Srinivas Priya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt is known that Cancer Associated Fibroblast (CAFs) from the primary tumor site can accompany cancer cells to a secondary site during the process of metastasis. We hypothesize that these CAFs could be transformed to an altered cell type, which can be called as Metastasis Associated Fibroblasts (MAF) in turn can support, and convoy cancer cells for metastasis. There are no published reports that have characterized and distinguished CAFs from MAF. It is well established that some of the cancer cells within the tumor mass accumulate novel mutations prior to metastasis. Hence, we speculated that mutations in the tumor suppressor gene, BRCA1, which is already reported to induce metastasis via abnormal expression of Ezrin, Radixin and Moesin (ERM), could generate MAF. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that CAFs isolated from primary breast cancer tissues when co-cultured with BRCA1 mutated HCC1937 cells transform CAFs to MAF in vitro. As expected, MAF augmented proliferation, migration and invasion along with over-expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, Ezrin and CCL5, thereby facilitating metastasis. Therefore, we inhibited Ezrin and CCL5 in vitro in MAF and observed that the migration and invasion abilities of these cells were attenuated. This highlights the intriguing possibilities of combination therapy using MAF inhibitors as anti-metastatic agents along with anticancer drugs, to control the metastatic spread from primary tumor site.
Origin of extremely large magnetoresistance in the candidate type-II Weyl semimetal MoTe2−x
Authors: Lee Sangyun , Jang Jaekyung , Kim Sung-Il , Jung Soon-Gil , Kim Jihyun , Cho Suyeon , Kim Sung Wng , Rhee Joo Yull , Park Kee-Su , Park Tuson 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe recent observation of extremely large magnetoresistance (MR) in the transition-metal dichalcogenide MoTe2 has attracted considerable interest due to its potential technological applications as well as its relationship with novel electronic states predicted for a candidate type-II Weyl semimetal. In order to understand the origin of the MR, the electronic structure of MoTe2−x (x = 0.08) is systematically tuned by application of pressure and probed via its Hall and longitudinal conductivities. With increasing pressure, a monoclinic-to-orthorhombic (1 T′ to Td) structural phase transition temperature (T*) gradually decreases from 210 K at 1 bar to 58 K at 1.1 GPa, and there is no anomaly associated with the phase transition at 1.4 GPa, indicating that a T = 0 K quantum phase transition occurs at a critical pressure (Pc) between 1.1 and 1.4 GPa. The large MR observed at 1 bar is suppressed with increasing pressure and is almost saturated at 100% for P > Pc. The dependence on magnetic field of the Hall and longitudinal conductivities of MoTe2−x shows that a pair of electron and hole bands are important in the low-pressure Td phase, while another pair of electron and hole bands are additionally required in the high-pressure 1 T′ phase. The MR peaks at a characteristic hole-to-electron concentration ratio (nc) and is sharply suppressed when the ratio deviates from nc within the Td phase. These results establish the comprehensive temperature-pressure phase diagram of MoTe2−x and underscore that its MR originates from balanced electron-hole carrier concentrations.
Comparison of Significant Carotid Stenosis for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma between Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and Conventional Two-Dimensional Radiotherapy
Authors: Liao Wang , Zhou Haihong , Fan Shengnuo , Zheng Yuqiu , Zhang Bei , Zhao Zhongyan , Xiao Songhua , Bai Shoumin , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) serves as the most efficient treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and can cause carotid stenosis. This work compared the incidence of significant carotid stenosis between intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and two-dimensional conventional radiotherapy (2D-RT) for NPC and explored the risk factors. We retrospectively reviewed 233 cases with NPC who underwent carotid ultrasound post IMRT or 2D-RT from 2006 to 2015. The incidence of significant stenosis after RT was 19.3%. Significant stenosis was identified in 20 (14.6%) of 137 patients treated with IMRT and 25 (26.0%) of 96 patients with 2D-RT, respectively (p = 0.035). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated age (odds ratio = 1.054, 95% CI = 1.011–1.099, p = 0.014), radiation technique (IMRT) (odds ratio = 0.471, 95%CI = 0.241–0.919, p = 0.027) and time interval (odds ratio = 1.068, 95%CI = 1.033–1.105, p = 0.001) as independent predictors for significant carotid stenosis. Our study suggests that IMRT was associated with decreased incidence of significant carotid stenosis versus 2D-RT for NPC. Prevention and carotid ultrasound should be considered for older NPC survivors with longer interval from RT, especially those treated with 2D-RT.
Whole genome sequencing data for two individuals of Pakistani descent
Authors: Khan Shahid Y. , Kabir Firoz , M’Hamdi Oussama , Jiao Xiaodong , Naeem Muhammad Asif , Khan Shaheen N. , Riazuddin Sheikh , Hejtmancik J. Fielding , Riazuddin S. Amer 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHere we report next-generation based whole genome sequencing of two individuals (H1 and H2) from a family of Pakistani descent. The genomic DNA was used to prepare paired-end libraries for whole-genome sequencing. Deep sequencing yielded 706.49 and 778.12 million mapped reads corresponding to 70.64 and 77.81 Gb sequence data and 23× and 25× average coverage for H1 and H2, respectively. Notably, a total of 448,544 and 470,683 novel variants, not present in the single nucleotide polymorphism database (dbSNP), were identified in H1 and H2, respectively. Comparative analysis identified 2,415,852 variants common in both genomes including 240,181 variants absent in the dbSNP. Principal component analysis linked the ancestry of both genomes with South Asian populations. In conclusion, we report whole genome sequences of two individuals from a family of Pakistani descent.
Single-cell RNA sequencing of adult mouse testes
Authors: Lukassen Soeren , Bosch Elisabeth , Ekici Arif B. , Winterpacht Andreas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpermatogenesis is an efficient and complex system of continuous cell differentiation. Previous studies investigating the transcriptomes of different cell populations in the testis relied either on sorting cells, cell depletion, or juvenile animals where not all stages of spermatogenesis have been completed. We present single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data of 2,500 cells from the testes of two 8-week-old C57Bl/6J mice. Our dataset includes all spermatogenic stages from preleptotene to condensing spermatids as well as individual spermatogonia, Sertoli and Leydig cells. The data capture the full continuity of the meiotic and postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis, and is thus ideally suited for marker discovery, network inference and similar analyses for which temporal ordering of differentiation processes can be exploited. Furthermore, it can serve as a reference for future studies involving single-cell RNA-Seq in mice where spermatogenesis is perturbed.