bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrate anti-agglomerants on water-in-crude oil emulsion stability
Authors: Azizi Azlinda , Johns Michael L. , Aman Zachary M. , May Eric F. , Ling Nicholas N. A. , Husin Hazlina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnder high-pressure and low-temperature conditions, gas hydrate shells may form and grow at the interface of water droplets in water-in-oil emulsions. Such hydrate formation can enable downstream agglomeration and slurry viscosification, thus increasing the risk of hydrate blockage. Therefore, emulsion stability represents a critical parameter in understanding this overall flow behaviour. In this study, the impact of three common and widely-used industrial anti-agglomerants from three different suppliers (AA-1, AA-2 and AA-3—exact composition is commercially sensitive) on 30 wt% water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion stability was investigated. Bench-top nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulsed field gradient (PFG) methods were used to measure the droplet size distributions (DSDs) of the W/O emulsions as a complement to bottle stability test. In the absence of hydrate anti-agglomerants, based on visual observation, 85% of the original W/O emulsion remained after 10 h. In the presence of AA-1 and AA-2, 94% of the original emulsion was retained; in contrast, AA-3 acted to destabilise the emulsion with only 64% of the original emulsion visually evident after 10 h. These results were substantiated by PFG NMR measurements which showed substantial changes in droplet size as a function of sample height for the W/O emulsion formulated with AA-3. Interestingly the W/O emulsion formulated with AA-1, while very stable, was characterised by comparatively very large water droplets, indicative of a complex multiple water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion microstructure. AA-2 forms stable emulsion with small droplets of water dispersed in the oil phase. Our results provide insight into a wide range of potential impacts of AA addition on an industrial crude oil pipeline, in which AA-1 resulted in a complex W/O/W multiple emulsion, AA-2 behaved as an emulsifier and AA-3 behaved as a demulsifier.
Impact of wet supercritical CO2 injection on fly ash geopolymer cement under elevated temperatures for well cement applications
Authors: Ridha Syahrir , Setiawan Riau Andriana , Pramana Astra Agus , Abdurrahman Muslim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn alternative cement system created through geopolymerization of fly ash offers favorable properties such as able to resist acidic fluids and possess high compressive strength. However, the application of fly ash geopolymer as wellbore cement under carbon dioxide (CO2) environment at elevated temperature is not well recorded in the literature. This paper characterizes the fly ash-based geopolymer cement and experimentally investigates its mechanical and microstructure changes after exposed to CO2 under elevated temperature. Microstructure identification on the altered cement paste was conducted by the analysis of XRD and SEM. In this study, fly ash-based alkali-activated cement was made using 8 molal sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as alkali activators. The results found that crystal-like shape identified as calcium carbonate was formed at the surface of spherical fly ash particle after carbonation formation. The strength of geopolymer cement was found not to be decreased although carbonation process was occurred. Microstructure analysis revealed that zeolite was formed during CO2 acid exposure for geopolymer cement which contributes to the strength development.
Surfactant and a mixture of surfactant and nanoparticles to stabilize CO2/brine foam, control gas mobility, and enhance oil recovery
Authors: Al Yousef Zuhair A. , Almobarky Mohammed A. , Schechter David S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInjecting carbon dioxide into oil reservoirs has the potential to serve as an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique, mitigating climate change by storing CO2 underground. Despite the successful achievements reported of CO2 to enhance oil recovery, mobility control is one of the major challenges faced by CO2 injection projects. The objective of this work is to investigate the potential of using surfactant and a mixture of surfactant and nanoparticles to generate foam to reduce gas mobility and enhance oil recovery. A newly developed anionic surfactant and a mixture of the surfactant and surface-modified silica nanoparticles were used to assess the ability of generating a stable foam at harsh reservoir conditions: sc-CO2 and high temperature. Dynamic foam tests and coreflood experiments were conducted to evaluate foam stability and strength. To measure the mobility of injected fluids in sandstone rocks, the foam was generated by co-injection of sc-CO2 and surfactant, as well as a mixture of surfactant and nanoparticles at 90% quality. The coreflood experiments were conducted using non-fractured and fractured sandstone cores at 1550 psi and 50 °C. The use of surfactant and mixture was able to generate foam in porous media and reduce the CO2 mobility. The mobility reduction factor (MRF) for both cases was about 3.5 times higher than that of injecting CO2 and brine at the same conditions. The coreflood experiments in non-fractured sandstone rocks showed that both surfactant and a mixture of surfactant and nanoparticles were able to enhance oil recovery. The baseline experiment in the absence of surfactant resulted in a total recovery of 71.50% of the original oil in place. However, the use of surfactant was able to bring oil recovery to 76% of the OOIP. The addition of nanoparticles to surfactant, though, resulted in higher oil recovery, 80% of the OOIP. In fractured rocks, oil recoveries during secondary production mechanisms for the mixture, the surfactant alone, and sc-CO2 alone were 12.62, 8.41, and 7.21% of the OOIP, respectively. Huge amount of oil remains underground following the primary and secondary oil production schemes. CO2 has been widely used to enhance oil recovery. However, its high mobility might result in unfavorable and unsuccessful projects. The use of specially designed surfactants and the synergistic effect of surfactant and nanoparticles may provide a solution to stabilize CO2/brine foam at harsh reservoir conditions and, therefore, reduce the gas mobility and, consequently, enhance oil recovery.
Modeling of Longitudinal Factors Under-Age Five Children Body Mass Index at Bahir Dar Districts: First Order Transition Model
Authors: Alemu Alebachew Abebe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe body mass index (BMI) is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by square height in meters ($$ \frac{\text{kg}}{{{\text{m}}^{2} }} $$kgm2). Its formula was developed by Belgium Statistician Adolphe Quetelet, and was known as the Quetelet Index (Adolphe Quetelet in BMI formula was developed. Belgium Statistician, 1796–1874.http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/about_childrens_bmi.htm). It provides a reliable indicator of body fatness for most people and is used to screen weight categories that may lead to health problems. BMI is an internationally used measure of health status of an individual. This study was modeling of longitudinal factors under-age five children BMI at Bahir Dar Districts using First Order Transition Model. This study was based on data from 1900 pre four visits (475 per individual) children enrolled in the first 4 visits of the 4-year Longitudinal data of children in Bahir Dar Districts. First order transition model was used to describe the relationships between children BMI and some covariates accounting for the correlation among the repeated observations for a given children. There were statistically significant (Pvalue < 0.05) difference among children BMI variation with respect to time, Sachet (plump nut), age, residence, Antiretro-Viral Therapy, diarrhea and pervious BMI. But, fever, cough, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference and sex were statistically insignificant (pvalue > 0.05) effect on children BMI. According to the findings of this study about 29.28% were normal weight, 67% were under weight, 2.52% were overweight and only 1.21% were obesity. Consequently, the study suggests that concerned bodies should focus on awareness creation to bring enough food to under-age five children in Bahir Dar Districts especially in rural areas.
Dating Persistent Short-Term Human Activity in a Complex Depositional Environment: Late Prehistoric Occupation at Saruq al-Hadid, Dubai
Authors: Weeks Lloyd , Cable Charlotte M , Karacic Steven , Franke Kristina A , Price David M , Newton Claire , Roberts James , Al Ali Yaaqoub Youssef , Boraik Mansour , Zein Hassan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe archaeological site of Saruq al-Hadid, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, presents a long sequence of persistent temporary human occupation on the northern edge of the Rub’ al-Khali desert. The site is located in active dune fields, and evidence for human activity is stratified within a deep sequence of natural dune deposits that reflect complex taphonomic processes of deposition, erosion and reworking. This study presents the results of a program of radiocarbon (14C) and thermoluminescence dating on deposits from Saruq al-Hadid, allied with studies of material remains, which are amalgamated with the results of earlier absolute dating studies provide a robust chronology for the use of the site from the Bronze Age to the Islamic period. The results of the dating program allow the various expressions of human activity at the site—ranging from subsistence activities such as hunting and herding, to multi-community ritual activities and large scale metallurgical extraction—to be better situated chronologically, and thus in relation to current debates regarding the development of late prehistoric and early historic societies in southeastern Arabia.
Staple Land Equivalent Ratio for Assessing Yield Advantage from Intercropping
Authors: Narayana Reddy M. , Ramanatha Chetty C. K. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYThe Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) has been generally accepted as an agronomically sound index for assessing yield advantages derived from an intercropping practice. However, LER takes no account of the fact that, in subsistance agriculture, it is usually important to maintain a certain minimum percentage of the pure stand yield of the staple crop component in an intercropping system. A new measure ‘Staple Land Equivalent Ratio’ (SLER) is proposed in this paper which takes account of this requirement. Yield data from intercropping experiments are used to show how SLER can be effective in comparing the yield advantages of intercrop treatments in agronomic experiments.
Factual Tests for Identification of Volitional Insanity
Authors: Feller S. Z. 
Published: May 2019

A. Soundness of mind at the time of committing an offence is complementary to mental maturity as a condition for the criminal capacity of the perpetrator and is thus a condition for the criminality of his act. Accordingly, the perpetrator's mental disorder limits the criminality of his act, although not every such disorder has such radical legal consequences. If the disorder is cognitive, it must be such as to prevent the person from understanding the physical or social meaning of his conduct: if it is volitional, it must be such as to prevent him, at the time of his act, from choosing between performing the act and refraining from doing so. These are symptoms of mental disorder that negatives the criminal capacity of a person, and each of them is a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition. It is essential that this be due to a disease of the mind or an organic defect of reason. The disorder in question is therefore a radical one, and one that is also chronic if not permanent in nature, as opposed to temporary or less deep-rooted conditions such as a disturbed state, a trauma or emotional condition, impulsiveness in certain matters or urges that deviate from the normal in certain areas.B. The following remarks are confined to the absence of criminal capacity on the volitional level, to which we shall refer in short as “volitional insanity’. This is the case where the person at the time of his act did not have a choice between acting or not acting due to a disease affecting his mind. This case is also referred to as the commission of an act as a result of an irresistible morbid impulse.
Rescission and its Effect on Restitution
Authors: Deutch Sinai 
Published: May 2019

Rescission is one of the most important activities in the law of contract. The right or the possibility to rescind is no less important than the right to specific performance or damages. Indeed, in many cases, when specific performance is either undesired or impossible, and no harm entitling damages has been caused, it will be the major right.Despite this importance, Israeli contract laws have left many questions regarding rescission open (e.g. the character of the rescission, its range, contents and results regarding both contracting parties and third parties). The silence of the Israeli legislature in these matters is typical of Israeli civil law legislation in which major areas of law are condensed into a few laconic provisions. This attitude leaves much room for construction of the statute and for judicial legislation.
Protein antigens ofPlasmodium knowlesiclones of different variant antigen phenotype
Authors: Howard R. J. , Kao Vivien , Barnwell J. W. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYMature asexual stages of the malaria parasitePlasmodium knowlesisynthesize proteins of Mr180 000–225 000 that are expressed on the outer membrane of infected erythrocytes and which vary antigenically such that different parasite clones are specifically agglutinated with homologous antibody. Other non-agglutinable clones have been prepared which fail to express variant antigen on infected cells. Two agglutinable clones of different variant antigen phenotypes and a non-agglutinable clone were examined to determine the proportion of total malarial proteins represented by variant antigens. Malarial proteins were labelled with various radioactive amino acids and the sodium dodecyl sulphate—polyacrylamide gel patterns for the three clones compared by fluorography. The patterns were indistinguishable, the variant antigens being undetectable in analyses of total malarial proteins. Furthermore, these antigens were not detected by Coomassie Blue-staining of total cellular proteins after electrophoresis. Sodium dodecyl sulphate and Triton X-100 extracts of labelled cells were immunoprecipitated using a panel of sera of defined agglutination specificity. The variant antigens could not be detected in the fluorographic patterns of total malarial antigens immuno-precipitated by these sera. In contrast, after lactoperoxidase catalysed radio-iodination of intact schizont-infected cells, the125I-variant antigens on the cell surface were identified by demonstrating their accessibility both to antibody and to trypsin with intact cells. Thus, the variant antigens are quantitatively very minor malarial proteins that can only be detected by methods which selectively analyse the subset of proteins on the erythrocyte surface.
Maturation of the scolex syncytium in the metacestode ofHymenolepis diminuta, with special reference to microthrix formation
Authors: Richards K. Sylvia , Arme C. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYThe entire surface of the early developmental stages of the cysticercoid ofHymenolepis diminutabears microvilli. Posteriad differentiation produces a microthrix-bearing surface on the presumptive scolex region, commencing before scolex retraction in cysticercoids inTenebrio molitorkept at 26°C. During sucker development, the scolex syncytial cytoplasm possesses electron-dense discoidal bodies, aligned parallel to the surface. They become associated with the apical membrane, domes are formed and electron-dense spine-like profiles become apparent. Elevation on short shafts follows, and multilaminate baseplates are then discernible. Fewer microvilli are now present and vesicles with asymmetric membranes (denser inner leaflet) occur within the syncytial cytoplasm. Before scolex retraction, this differentiation extends to the level of the suckers; thus the neck, which becomes reflected on retraction, still possesses only microvilli. After retraction, differentiation proceeds rapidly with increased growth of existing microtriches, discoidal bodies possibly contributing to the shaft support material; the reflected neck develops microtriches and the microvilli are shed into the scolex retraction cavity. The ‘asymmetric’ vesicles increase numerically, some fusing with the apical membrane and releasing their contents. Concurrently, apical membrane asymmetry (denser outer leaflet) becomes apparent. The adult-type surface is formed by 3 days post-scolex retraction, coinciding with the earliest time that the metacestode is infective to the final host.
RIFORME ISTITUZIONALI E SISTEMA POLITICO
Authors: Passigli Stefano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneAnticipato molti anni or sono dall'acume cntico di alcuni isolati studiosi, a lungo confinato in una cultura politica a ragione o a torto considerata di «destra», adombrato piò volte nel corso degli anni sessanta e settanta, ed esploso finalmente sul finire dell'ottava legislatura, il dibattito sulle riforme istituzionali è ormai non solo un argomento trattato da riviste specializzate o in convegni specialistici, ma è diventato anche uno dei temi dominanti di questa nona legislatura.
COME MIGLIORARE GLI ATTUALI MECCANISMI (E RENDIMENTI) DI GOVERNO
Authors: Urbani Giuliano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl mio tema riguarda il «cuore» del governo, in un sistema politico che opera mediante governi di coalizione: il funzionamento del Consiglio dei ministri e le istituzioni in grado di condizionarne piò da vicino i rendimenti. Il tema è stato scelto in base a due assunti. Primo: per quanto ampia possa essere la nostra fantasia di «riformatori», non penso che nei prossimi cinque/sei anni il sistema politico italiano potrà affrancarsi dalla necessità di ricorrere a governi di coalizione. Secondo: i rendimenti complessivi della democrazia italiana mi sembrano, quindi, strettamente condizionati dai livelli (e dalle modalità) di funzionamento delle maggioranze che essa saprà esprimere e — piò specificamente ancora — dalle «delegazioni di governo» che saranno espresse da queste stesse maggioranze. Dico questo, per anticipare subito le ragioni in base alle quali pro-pongo di delimitare così drasticamente il campo delle possibili riforme in proposito.
PATTI E TRANSIZIONI: MEZZI NON-DEMOCRATICI A FINI DEMOCRATICI?
Authors: Schmitter Philippe C. 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneMutamenti fondamentali nella configurazione delle più importanti istituzioni politiche di un dato regime sono eventi rari. Di certo, tali mutamenti non hanno le stesse origini, non seguono percorsi simili e non producono identici risultati. E ciò si deve, se non altro, al gran numero dei fattori coinvolti oltre che alla complessità della loro successione temporale. Ne deriva che tali transizioni di regime non possono essere analizzate con i metodi induttivi delle scienze sociali probabilistiche. Né possono essere spiegate facendo ricorso ai principi deduttivi della teoria razionale delle scelte sociali.
PARTITI E SISTEMA PENSIONISTICO IN ITALIA. UN'ANALISI DELL'AZIONE PARLAMENTARE DELLA DC E DEL PCI (1953–1975)
Authors: Maestri Ezio G. 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl welfare state si è in questi ultimi anni imposto come un campo d'indagine eminentemente interdisciplinare. Sempre più numerosi sono infatti i lavori ad esso dedicati da sociologi, economisti e politologi. La ormai vasta letteratura ha esplorato gran parte dell'orizzonte tematico implicito nel concetto e da questo convergente sforzo di ricerca teorica ed empirica sono emersi i capisaldi analitici dei possibili diversi approcci allo studio del welfare state. La tesi che emerge da queste ricerche con il maggiore potenziale esplicativo è quella che — sia pure con sfumature ed accentuazioni non sempre collimanti — ipotizza l'esistenza — a livello macrostrutturale — di una relazione di dipendenza (più o meno lineare) tra apparizione, diffusione ed affermazione del processo di industrializzazione delle economie e il parallelo processo di democratizzazione da un lato, e l'emergenza del welfare state, dall'altro.
On c-cyclical monotonicity for optimal transport problem with Coulomb cost
Authors: DE PASCALE LUIGI 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is proved that c-cyclical monotonicity is a sufficient condition for optimality in the multi-marginal optimal transport problem with Coulomb repulsive cost. The notion of c-splitting set and some mild regularity property are the tools. The result may be extended to Coulomb like costs.
The Makaton Vocabulary: From Britain to the Antipodes
Authors: Walker Margaret 
Published: May 2019

The Makaton Vocabulary was devised by the author over ten years ago. It began as a small piece of work in response to a clinical need and is now extensively used all over the U.K. with children and adults who have communication and language difficulties.Surveys carried out over the past five years (Reid, Jones & Kiernan) into the use of signing and symbols in schools for children who are mentally handicapped throughout the U.K. have shown the following growth of the scheme.
Using Volunteer Mothers to Tutor Poor Readers Within a School Context
Authors: Cooper Bryce E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTen Year 3 children from a Sydney primary school, identified by testing as the poorest readers out of the five classes in the grade, received remedial tutoring using a set of highly structured remedial materials. The tutoring involved twenty one volunteer mothers, and each mother worked with a child for two sessions a week to allow the child to receive four sessions of tutoring each week. The tutoring sessions involved (1) drill of single sounds and digraphs (2) tutoring and practice of word attack skills, and (3) reading practice using an appropriate reader, with verbal comprehension questions relevant to the reader. The volunteers kept records of each child’s performance during each session. After an average of one term of tutoring, the children demonstrated considerable improvement on test gains in comparison with gains made by a control group from the same classes.
Bidirectional Glenn for residual outflow obstruction in Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Saleem Kamal , Ahmed Iftikhar , Sultan Mehboob , Haq Intisar ul , Younus Umair , Novick William M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground:Residual right ventricular outflow obstruction during Tetralogy of Fallot repair necessitates peri-operative revision often requiring trans-annular patch with its negative sequels. Bidirectional Glenn shunt in this setting reduces trans-pulmonary gradient to avoid revision.Methods:Bidirectional Glenn shunt was added during Tetralogy repair in patients with significant residual obstruction. A total of 53 patients between January, 2011 and June, 2018 were included. Final follow-up was conducted in July, 2018.Results:Mean age at operation was 5.63±3.1 years. Right to left ventricular pressure ratio reduced significantly (0.91±0.09 versus 0.68±0.05; p<0.001) after bidirectional Glenn, avoiding revision in all cases. Glenn pressures at ICU admission decreased significantly by the time of ICU discharge (16.7±3.02 versus 13.5±2.19; p<0.001). Pleural drainage ≥ 7 days was seen in 14 (26.4%) patients. No side effects related to bidirectional Glenn-like facial swelling or veno-venous collaterals were noted. Mortality was 3.7%. Discharge echocardiography showed a mean trans-pulmonary gradient of 32.11±5.62 mmHg that decreased significantly to 25.64±5 (p<0.001) at the time of follow-up. Pulmonary insufficiency was none to mild in 45 (88.2%) and moderate in 6 (11.8%). Mean follow-up was 36.12±25.15 months (range 0.5–90). There was no interim intervention or death. At follow-up, all the patients were in NYHA functional class 1 with no increase in severity of pulmonary insufficiency.Conclusion:Supplementary bidirectional Glenn shunt significantly reduced residual right ventricular outflow obstruction during Tetralogy of Fallot repair avoiding revision with satisfactory early and mid-term results.