bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant reduction of ischemia‐reperfusion cell death in mouse myocardial infarcts using the immediate‐acting PrC‐210 ROS‐scavenger
Authors: Hacker Timothy A. , Diarra Gaoussou , Fahl Bryan L. , Back Susan , Kaufmann Erin , Fahl William E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractManaging myocardial infarction (MI) to reduce cardiac cell death relies primarily on timely reperfusion of the affected coronary site, but reperfusion itself induces cell death through a toxic, ROS‐mediated process. In this study, we determined whether the PrC‐210 aminothiol ROS‐scavenger could prevent ROS‐induced damage in post‐MI hearts. In a series of both in vitro and in vivo experiments, we show that: (a) in vitro, PrC‐210 was the most potent and effective ROS‐scavenger when functionally compared to eight of the most commonly studied antioxidants in the MI literature, (b) in vitro PrC‐210 ROS‐scavenging efficacy was both immediate (seconds) and long‐lasting (hours), which would make it effective in both (1) real‐time (seconds), as post‐MI or cardiac surgery hearts are reperfused with PrC‐210‐containing blood, and (2) long‐term (hours), as hearts are bathed with systemic PrC‐210 after MI or surgery, (c) systemic PrC‐210 caused a significant 36% reduction of mouse cardiac muscle death following a 45‐minute cardiac IR insult; in a striking coincidence, the PrC‐210 36% reduction in cardiac muscle death equals the 36% of the MI‐induced cardiac cell death estimated 6 years ago by Ovize and colleagues to result from “reperfusion injury,” (d) hearts in PrC‐210‐treated mice performed better than controls after heart attacks when functionally analyzed using echocardiography, and (e) the PrC‐210 ROS‐scavenging mechanism of action was corroborated by its ability to prevent >85% of the direct, H2O2‐induced killing of neonate cardiomyocytes in cell culture. PrC‐210 does not cause the nausea, emesis, nor hypotension that preclude clinical use of the WR‐1065/amifostine aminothiol. PrC‐210 is a highly effective ROS‐scavenger that significantly reduces IR injury‐associated cardiac cell death.
A study of the stochastic evolution of hydraulic geometry relationships
Authors: Song Xiaolong , Zhong Deyu , Wang Guangqian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUncertainty resulting from climatic and environmental changes creates barriers to the accurate acquisition of information about rivers. In this study, a set of stable stochastic differential equations is developed to simulate the dynamic probability distributions of typical hydraulic geometry variables represented by slope, width, depth, and velocity with variations in bankfull discharge over time for a river system. Random parts of the equations are modelled based on single Gaussian white noise and further on combined Gaussian/fractional white noise with Poisson noise. Consistent estimates of the equation parameters are made using a composite nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method. The proposed models are examined through a Monte Carlo simulation of the lower Yellow River, and the results successfully reveal the potential responses of hydraulic geometries to stochastic disturbance and that average trends largely synchronize with the measured values. Comparisons of the three different models confirm the advantages of fractional jump‐diffusion model, and according to further discussion, stream power on the basis of such a model is concluded to serve as the better systematic measure of river dynamics. The proposed stochastic approach is new to the field of fluvial relationships, and its application could help to design and monitor river systems with specified accuracy requirements.
Fire design of slim‐floor beams
Authors: Romero Manuel L. , Albero Vicente , Espinós Ana , Hospitaler Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSlim‐floor beams are a well‐known and cost‐effective solution that permits a significant reduction of floor thickness, and are increasingly used in industrial and commercial buildings. Since only their lower flange is exposed to fire, slim‐floor beams may also achieve higher fire resistance, in comparison to other types of composite beams that are not fully embedded in the concrete floor. Simplified models are available in Eurocode 4 Parts 1‐2 to evaluate the temperature distribution for partially encased and non‐encased composite beams. However this standard does not provide any simplified model to evaluate the cross‐sectional temperature field of slim‐floor beams. In this sense, different proposals have been evaluated in recent years in order to provide simplified models for temperature evaluation. The currently available models in the literature have shown their accurate behaviour providing results on the safe side, and are recommended for use in practice. Finally, this work shows that slim‐floor composite beams can provide good performance during a fire event. Specifically, 60 min of standard fire rating can be achieved for load levels lower than 0.5–0.6. Improved behaviour to achieve 90 or 120 min of standard fire exposure may also be reached by using innovative solutions, advanced materials or external protection.
Tragverhalten von CoSFB‐Dübeln
Authors: Braun Matthias , Obiala Renata , Schäfer Markus , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Reif Ferdinand , Odenbreit Christoph 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKennzeichnend für die Slim‐Floor‐Bauweise ist die Integration von Deckenträgern in die Decke. Wird eine Verbundtragwirkung zwischen Stahlträger und Betondecke aktiviert, so führt dies zu einem signifikanten Zuwachs an Steifigkeit und Tragfähigkeit des Trägers, wodurch größere Trägerspannweiten ermöglicht werden. Als Verbundmittel bieten sich hierzu sogenannte „CoSFB‐Dübel” an. Diese bestehen aus Bewehrungsstäben, die bauseits durch Bohrungen im Trägersteg geführt und auf der Baustelle mit Beton vergossen werden. Der vorliegende Aufsatz präsentiert eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Tragfähigkeit dieser CoSFB‐Dübel. Mittels einer detaillierten Auswertung von Push‐out‐Versuchen und umfangreicher numerischer Simulationen der einzelnen Versuche konnten die zur Beschreibung der Traglast maßgebenden Einflussgrößen bestimmt werden. Basierend auf den so gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurde eine vereinfachte, analytische Formulierung der Tragfähigkeit der CoSFB‐Dübel hergeleitet.
Computing motivic zeta functions on log smooth models
Authors: Bultot Emmanuel , Nicaise Johannes 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We give an explicit formula for the motivic zeta function in terms of a log smooth model. It generalizes the classical formulas for snc-models, but it gives rise to much fewer candidate poles, in general. This formula plays an essential role in recent work on motivic zeta functions of degenerating Calabi–Yau varieties by the second-named author and his collaborators. As a further illustration, we explain how the formula for Newton non-degenerate polynomials can be viewed as a special case of our results.
Limit theorems for the fractional nonhomogeneous Poisson process
Authors: Leonenko Nikolai , Scalas Enrico , Trinh Mailan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe fractional nonhomogeneous Poisson process was introduced by a time change of the nonhomogeneous Poisson process with the inverseα-stable subordinator. We propose a similar definition for the (nonhomogeneous) fractional compound Poisson process. We give both finite-dimensional and functional limit theorems for the fractional nonhomogeneous Poisson process and the fractional compound Poisson process. The results are derived by using martingale methods, regular variation properties and Anscombe’s theorem. Eventually, some of the limit results are verified in a Monte Carlo simulation.
Asymptotic expansions and saddlepoint approximations using the analytic continuation of moment generating functions
Authors: Butler Ronald W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransform inversions, in which density and survival functions are computed from their associated moment generating function $\mathcal{M}$, have largely been based on methods which use values of $\mathcal{M}$ in its convergence region. Prominent among such methods are saddlepoint approximations and Fourier-series inversion methods, including the fast Fourier transform. In this paper we propose inversion methods which make use of values for $\mathcal{M}$ which lie outside of its convergence region and in its analytic continuation. We focus on the simplest and perhaps richest setting for applications in which $\mathcal{M}$ is either a meromorphic function in its analytic continuation, so that all of its singularities are poles, or else the singularities are isolated essential. Asymptotic expansions of finite- and infinite-orders are developed for density and survival functions using the poles of $\mathcal{M}$ in its analytic continuation. For finite-order expansions, the expansion error is a contour integral in the analytic continuation, which we approximate using the saddlepoint method based on following the path of steepest descent. Such saddlepoint error approximations accurately determine expansion errors and, thus, provide the means for determining the order of the expansion needed to achieve some preset accuracy. They also provide an additive correction term which increases accuracy of the expansion. Further accuracy is achieved by computing the expansion errors numerically using a contour path which ultimately tracks the steepest descent direction. Important applications include Wilks’ likelihood ratio test in MANOVA, compound distributions, and the Sparre Andersen and Cramér–Lundberg ruin models.
THE -PROVABILITY LOGIC OF
Authors: ARDESHIR MOHAMMAD , MOJTAHEDI MOJTABA 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor the Heyting Arithmetic HA, $HA^{\text{*}} $ is defined [14, 15] as the theory $\left\{ {A|HA \vdash A^\square } \right\}$, where $A^\square $ is called the box translation of A (Definition 2.4). We characterize the ${\text{\Sigma }}_1 $-provability logic of $HA^{\text{*}} $ as a modal theory $iH_\sigma ^{\text{*}} $ (Definition 3.17).
Equivalency of the diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yin , Levis Brooke , Riehm Kira E. , Saadat Nazanin , Levis Alexander W. , Azar Marleine , Rice Danielle B. , Boruff Jill , Cuijpers Pim , Gilbody Simon , Ioannidis John P.A. , Kloda Lorie A. , McMillan Dean , Patten Scott B. , Shrier Ian , Ziegelstein Roy C. , Akena Dickens H. , Arroll Bruce , Ayalon Liat , Baradaran Hamid R. , Baron Murray , Bombardier Charles H. , Butterworth Peter , Carter Gregory , Chagas Marcos H. , Chan Juliana C. N. , Cholera Rushina , Conwell Yeates , de Man-van Ginkel Janneke M. , Fann Jesse R. , Fischer Felix H. , Fung Daniel , Gelaye Bizu , Goodyear-Smith Felicity , Greeno Catherine G. , Hall Brian J. , Harrison Patricia A. , Härter Martin , Hegerl Ulrich , Hides Leanne , Hobfoll Stevan E. , Hudson Marie , Hyphantis Thomas , Inagaki Masatoshi , Jetté Nathalie , Khamseh Mohammad E. , Kiely Kim M. , Kwan Yunxin , Lamers Femke , Liu Shen-Ing , Lotrakul Manote , Loureiro Sonia R. , Löwe Bernd , McGuire Anthony , Mohd-Sidik Sherina , Munhoz Tiago N. , Muramatsu Kumiko , Osório Flávia L. , Patel Vikram , Pence Brian W. , Persoons Philippe , Picardi Angelo , Reuter Katrin , Rooney Alasdair G. , Santos Iná S. , Shaaban Juwita , Sidebottom Abbey , Simning Adam , Stafford Lesley , Sung Sharon , Tan Pei Lin Lynnette , Turner Alyna , van Weert Henk C. , White Jennifer , Whooley Mary A. , Winkley Kirsty , Yamada Mitsuhiko , Benedetti Andrea , Thombs Brett D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundItem 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) queries about thoughts of death and self-harm, but not suicidality. Although it is sometimes used to assess suicide risk, most positive responses are not associated with suicidality. The PHQ-8, which omits Item 9, is thus increasingly used in research. We assessed equivalency of total score correlations and the diagnostic accuracy to detect major depression of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9.MethodsWe conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis. We fit bivariate random-effects models to assess diagnostic accuracy.Results16 742 participants (2097 major depression cases) from 54 studies were included. The correlation between PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 scores was 0.996 (95% confidence interval 0.996 to 0.996). The standard cutoff score of 10 for the PHQ-9 maximized sensitivity + specificity for the PHQ-8 among studies that used a semi-structured diagnostic interview reference standard (N = 27). At cutoff 10, the PHQ-8 was less sensitive by 0.02 (−0.06 to 0.00) and more specific by 0.01 (0.00 to 0.01) among those studies (N = 27), with similar results for studies that used other types of interviews (N = 27). For all 54 primary studies combined, across all cutoffs, the PHQ-8 was less sensitive than the PHQ-9 by 0.00 to 0.05 (0.03 at cutoff 10), and specificity was within 0.01 for all cutoffs (0.00 to 0.01).ConclusionsPHQ-8 and PHQ-9 total scores were similar. Sensitivity may be minimally reduced with the PHQ-8, but specificity is similar.
‘Illiterate’ musicians: an historic review of curriculum and practice for student popular musicians in Australian senior secondary classrooms
Authors: Carroll Christine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines curriculum and practice in Australian secondary classroom music education, in order to trace the inclusion of, and provision for, students with learning orientations based on popular music forms. A 60-year period of curriculum reform, matriculation statistics and literature is surveyed with a focus on the state of New South Wales (NSW), where the ‘non-literate’ student musician was first acknowledged in curriculum documents dating from the late 1970s at the senior secondary level (Music Syllabus Year 11 and 12: New 2 Unit A Course. Draft Document). Three overlapping eras frame discussion. The first discusses the original post–World War II school curriculum established for Western art music (WAM); the second discusses the period of curriculum reform beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, which leads to the inclusion of popular music at junior secondary levels; and the third is the present era from roughly 1980 onwards, where separate pathways of instruction are maintained for WAM and students with interests in popular and contemporary musics. Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) from the sociology of education is employed, with analysis unveiling a series of historic code shifts and clashes with implications for present practice. An unveiling of these codes explains the cause of ongoing tensions surrounding the inclusion of popular music and musicians in Australian music classrooms and provides foundation for much-needed curriculum development in the NSW context, and potentially elsewhere, where similar dynamics underpin practice in secondary classrooms.
IntrospectiveQ-learning and learning from demonstration
Authors: Li Mao , Brys Tim , Kudenko Daniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne challenge faced by reinforcement learning (RL) agents is that in many environments the reward signal is sparse, leading to slow improvement of the agent’s performance in early learning episodes. Potential-based reward shaping can help to resolve the aforementioned issue of sparse reward by incorporating an expert’s domain knowledge into the learning through a potential function. Past work on reinforcement learning from demonstration (RLfD) directly mapped (sub-optimal) human expert demonstration to a potential function, which can speed up RL. In this paper we propose an introspective RL agent that significantly further speeds up the learning. An introspective RL agent records its state–action decisions and experience during learning in a priority queue. Good quality decisions, according to a Monte Carlo estimation, will be kept in the queue, while poorer decisions will be rejected. The queue is then used as demonstration to speed up RL via reward shaping. A human expert’s demonstration can be used to initialize the priority queue before the learning process starts. Experimental validation in the 4-dimensional CartPole domain and the 27-dimensional Super Mario AI domain shows that our approach significantly outperforms non-introspective RL and state-of-the-art approaches in RLfD in both domains.
Biological underpinnings from psychosocial stress towards appetite and obesity during youth: research implications towards metagenomics, epigenomics and metabolomics
Authors: Michels Nathalie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPsychosocial stress, uncontrolled eating and obesity are three interrelated epidemiological phenomena already present during youth. This broad narrative conceptual review summarises main biological underpinnings of the stress–diet–obesity pathway and how new techniques can further knowledge. Cortisol seems the main biological factor from stress towards central adiposity; and diet, physical activity and sleep are the main behavioural pathways. Within stress–diet, the concepts of comfort food and emotional eating are highlighted, as cortisol affects reward pathways and appetite brain centres with a role for insulin, leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), endocannabinoids, orexin and gastrointestinal hormones. More recently researched biological underpinnings are microbiota, epigenetic modifications and metabolites. First, the gut microbiota reaches the stress-regulating and appetite-regulating brain centres via the gut–brain axis. Second, epigenetic analyses are recommended as diet, obesity, stress and gut microbiota can change gene expression which then affects appetite, energy homeostasis and stress reactivity. Finally, metabolomics would be a good technique to disentangle stress–diet–obesity interactions as multiple biological pathways are involved. Saliva might be an ideal biological matrix as it allows metagenomic (oral microbiota), epigenomic and metabolomic analyses. In conclusion, stress and diet/obesity research should be combined in interdisciplinary collaborations with implementation of several -omics analyses.
Why is an Egg Donor a Genetic Parent, but not a Mitochondrial Donor?
Authors: PIOTROWSKA MONIKA 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:As new ways of reproducing emerge, advancing technologies are forcing us to rethink our old ideas of what it means to be a genetic parent. Why should some processes qualify as “reproduction” and others should not? To illustrate the practical impact of providing a defensible account of reproduction, the author examines the case of mitochondrial donation (mtDNA) and calls for a philosophical argument to bring clarity to exactly what we mean by ‘reproduction.’
Empowering Graduate Students to Address Ethics in Research Environments
Authors: HILDT ELISABETH , LAAS KELLY , MILLER CHRISTINE , TAYLOR STEPHANIE , BREY ERIC M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:In this article, we present an educational intervention that embeds ethics education within research laboratories. This structure is designed to assist students in addressing ethical challenges in a more informed way, and to improve the overall ethical culture of research environments. The project seeks (a) to identify factors that students and researchers consider relevant to ethical conduct in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) and (b) to promote the cultivation of an ethical culture in experimental laboratories by integrating research stakeholders in a bottom-up approach to developing context-specific, ethics-based guidelines. An important assumption behind this approach is that direct involvement in the process of developing laboratory specific ethical guidelines will positively influence researchers’ understanding of ethical research and practice issues, their handling of these issues, and the promotion of an ethical culture in the respective laboratory. The active involvement may increase the sense of ownership and integration of further discussion on these important topics. Based on the project experiences, the project team seeks to develop a module involving the bottom-up building of codes-of-ethics-based guidelines that can be used by a broad range of institutions and that will be distributed widely.
MECHANIZING PRINCIPIA LOGICO-METAPHYSICA IN FUNCTIONAL TYPE-THEORY
Authors: KIRCHNER DANIEL , BENZMÜLLER CHRISTOPH , ZALTA EDWARD N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrincipia Logico-Metaphysica contains a foundational logical theory for metaphysics, mathematics, and the sciences. It includes a canonical development of Abstract Object Theory [AOT], a metaphysical theory (inspired by ideas of Ernst Mally, formalized by Zalta) that distinguishes between ordinary and abstract objects.This article reports on recent work in which AOT has been successfully represented and partly automated in the proof assistant system Isabelle/HOL. Initial experiments within this framework reveal a crucial but overlooked fact: a deeply-rooted and known paradox is reintroduced in AOT when the logic of complex terms is simply adjoined to AOT’s specially formulated comprehension principle for relations. This result constitutes a new and important paradox, given how much expressive and analytic power is contributed by having the two kinds of complex terms in the system. Its discovery is the highlight of our joint project and provides strong evidence for a new kind of scientific practice in philosophy, namely, computational metaphysics.Our results were made technically possible by a suitable adaptation of Benzmüller’s metalogical approach to universal reasoning by semantically embedding theories in classical higher-order logic. This approach enables one to reuse state-of-the-art higher-order proof assistants, such as Isabelle/HOL, for mechanizing and experimentally exploring challenging logics and theories such as AOT. Our results also provide a fresh perspective on the question of whether relational type theory or functional type theory better serves as a foundation for logic and metaphysics.
Summer weed species incidence in Western Australia varies between seasons
Authors: Borger Catherine , Hashem Abul , D’Antuono Mario 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAgronomic surveys of summer weed species are necessary to identify future research directions for optimal weed control, but usually focus on agricultural fields in a single season. To survey all species in the absence of weed control measures and determine species variability between seasons, a survey of 133 sites was conducted on roadsides adjoining agricultural fields throughout the Western Australian grainbelt in early 2015 and repeated in 2016 and 2017. The survey identified 144 species, but only 19 species were evident at more than 10% of sites. The most common species were weeping lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees], fleabane (Erigeron sp.), windmillgrass (Chloris truncata R. Br.), and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L). The survey highlighted that weed species incidence varied between years. For example, C. truncata incidence was 30% in 2015 and 55% in 2016, while stinkgrass [Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch.] ranged from 20% in 2015 to 50% of sites in 2017. Conversely, density of individual species on the roadside was usually low, and density remained consistent between years. The survey highlighted multiple weed species that will require further research to optimize management programs. Raphanus raphanistrum and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in particular are an issue for growers, as these species are highly detrimental winter weeds, and the survey demonstrates that they can also be common summer weeds. Control of these species with nonselective herbicides in summer as well as winter is likely to exacerbate the development of herbicide resistance.