bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytoglobins in the nuclei, cytoplasm and chloroplasts modulate nitric oxide signaling and interact with abscisic acid
Authors: Rubio Maria C. , Calvo‐Begueria Laura , Díaz‐Mendoza Mercedes , Elhiti Mohamed , Moore Marten , Matamoros Manuel A. , James Euan K. , Díaz Isabel , Pérez‐Rontomé Carmen , Villar Irene , Sein‐Echaluce Violeta C. , Hebelstrup Kim H. , Dietz Karl‐Josef , Becana Manuel 
Published: May 2019

SummarySymbiotic hemoglobins provide O2 to N2‐fixing bacteria within legume nodules, but the functions of non‐symbiotic hemoglobins or phytoglobins (Glbs) are much less defined. Immunolabeling combined with confocal microscopy of the Glbs tagged at the C‐terminus with green fluorescent protein was used to determine their subcellular localizations in Arabidopsis and Lotus japonicus. Recombinant proteins were used to examine nitric oxide (NO) scavenging in vitro and transgenic plants to show S‐nitrosylation and other in vivo interactions with NO and abscisic acid (ABA) responses. We found that Glbs occur in the nuclei, chloroplasts and amyloplasts of both model plants, and also in the cytoplasm of Arabidopsis cells. The proteins show similar NO dioxygenase activities in vitro, are nitrosylated in Cys residues in vivo, and scavenge NO in the stomatal cells. The Cys/Ser mutation does not affect NO dioxygenase activity, and S‐nitrosylation does not significantly consume NO. We demonstrate an interaction between Glbs and ABA on several grounds: Glb1 and Glb2 scavenge NO produced in stomatal guard cells following ABA supply; plants overexpressing Glb1 show higher constitutive expression of the ABA responsive genes Responsive to ABA (RAB18), Responsive to Dehydration (RD29A) and Highly ABA‐Induced 2 (HAI2), and are more tolerant to dehydration; and ABA strongly upregulates class 1 Glbs. We conclude that Glbs modulate NO and interact with ABA in crucial physiological processes such as the plant's response to dessication.
Chloride as a macronutrient increases water‐use efficiency by anatomically driven reduced stomatal conductance and increased mesophyll diffusion to CO2
Authors: Franco‐Navarro Juan D. , Rosales Miguel A. , Cubero‐Font Paloma , Calvo Purificación , Álvarez Rosario , Diaz‐Espejo Antonio , Colmenero‐Flores José M. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryChloride (Cl−) has been recently described as a beneficial macronutrient, playing specific roles in promoting plant growth and water‐use efficiency (WUE). However, it is still unclear how Cl− could be beneficial, especially in comparison with nitrate (NO3−), an essential source of nitrogen that shares with Cl− similar physical and osmotic properties, as well as common transport mechanisms. In tobacco plants, macronutrient levels of Cl− specifically reduce stomatal conductance (gs) without a concomitant reduction in the net photosynthesis rate (AN). As stomata‐mediated water loss through transpiration is inherent in the need of C3 plants to capture CO2, simultaneous increase in photosynthesis and WUE is of great relevance to achieve a sustainable increase in C3 crop productivity. Our results showed that Cl−‐mediated stimulation of larger leaf cells leads to a reduction in stomatal density, which in turn reduces gs and water consumption. Conversely, Cl− improves mesophyll diffusion conductance to CO2 (gm) and photosynthetic performance due to a higher surface area of chloroplasts exposed to the intercellular airspace of mesophyll cells, possibly as a consequence of the stimulation of chloroplast biogenesis. A key finding of this study is the simultaneous improvement of AN and WUE due to macronutrient Cl− nutrition. This work identifies relevant and specific functions in which Cl− participates as a beneficial macronutrient for higher plants, uncovering a sustainable approach to improve crop yield.
The Arabidopsis non‐host defence‐associated coumarin scopoletin protects soybean from Asian soybean rust
Authors: Beyer Sebastian F. , Beesley Alexander , Rohmann Philipp F.W. , Schultheiss Holger , Conrath Uwe , Langenbach Caspar J.G. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Pp) causes Asian soybean rust (SBR) disease which provokes tremendous losses in global soybean production. Pp is mainly controlled with synthetic fungicides to which the fungus swiftly develops fungicide resistance. To substitute or complement synthetic fungicides in Asian soybean rust control, we aimed to identify antifungal metabolites in Arabidopsis which is not a host for Pp. Comparative transcriptional and metabolic profiling of the Pp‐inoculated Arabidopsis non‐host and the soybean host revealed induction of phenylpropanoid metabolism‐associated genes in both species but activation of scopoletin biosynthesis only in the resistant non‐host. Scopoletin is a coumarin and an antioxidant. In vitro experiments disclosed fungistatic activity of scopoletin against Pp, associated with reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fungal pre‐infection structures. Non‐antioxidant and antioxidant molecules including coumarins with a similar structure to scopoletin were inactive or much less effective at inhibiting fungal accumulation of ROS and germination of Pp spores. When sprayed onto Arabidopsis leaves, scopoletin also suppressed the formation of Pp pre‐infection structures and penetration of the plant. However, scopoletin neither directly activated defence nor did it prime Arabidopsis for enhanced defence, therefore emphasizing fungistatic activity as the exclusive mode of action of scopoletin against Pp. Because scopletin also protected soybean from Pp infection, the coumarin may serve as a natural fungicide or as a lead for the development of near‐to‐nature fungicides against Asian soybean rust.
Influence of Micro-Lobed Burner on the Non-Premixed Combustion of Methane and Oxygen
Authors: Xie Yi , Yi Chuan-li 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Non-premixed combustion was implemented in a micro-lobed combustion system, and its influence on combustion was studied using both experiments and simulations. The results show that a micro-lobed burner produces streamwise vortices with intensities that increase with the equivalence ratio of methane to oxygen (Φ). Due to the streamwise vortices and the increment of the contact area between methane and oxygen, the gasses mix well in the micro-lobed burner, giving it a larger OH mass fraction and higher temperatures than the micro-splitter burner. Moreover, the equivalence ratio greatly influences the combustion enhancement from the micro-lobed burner, especially near the burner exit. The maximum temperature difference between the two micro-burners at the Z/D = 0.01 cross section is 171 K, when Φ is 0.6. However, when the mixing enhancement caused by the streamwise vortices disappears, Φ has little influence on the combustion temperature of the micro-lobed burner, especially when Φ ≥ 1. In this case, the maximum temperature variation between the micro-lobed burner and micro-splitter burner remains nearly constant.
Active Control of Nonlinear Transient Vibration of Laminated Composite Beams Using Triangular SCLD Treatment With Fractional Order Derivative Viscoelastic Model
Authors: Sahoo S. R. , Ray M. C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the analysis of the effectiveness of triangular shaped smart constrained layer damping (SCLD) treatment in attenuating geometrically nonlinear transient vibrations of laminated composite beams. The SCLD treatment is comprised of an advanced vertically reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composite (PZC) as the constraining layer and an isotropic viscoelastic layer as the constrained layer, which is modeled using a two-dimensional fractional order derivative (FOD) model with Grünwald definition of the FODs. A nonlinear meshfree model of the smart composite beam is developed for analyzing its nonlinear transient response within the framework of a layerwise shear and normal deformation theory considering von Kármán type geometric nonlinearity. Cantilever type composite beams having different lamination sequences integrated with regular rectangular/triangular type of SCLD treatments are considered for presenting the numerical results. For comparison purpose, a geometrical constraint has been imposed such that both the rectangular and triangular shaped SCLD treatments will cover the equal area on the top surface of the beam. The numerical analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the triangular shaped SCLD patches over the rectangular SCLD treatment in controlling the nonlinear vibration of laminated composite beams. The two-dimensional FOD model of the viscoelastic material has been efficiently implemented for the active damping analysis of smart composite beam.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Flow Field and Lagrangian Particle Tracking From a Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Amili Omid , MacIver Robroy , Coletti Filippo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study explores the optimal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) cannula outflow configuration in a patient-specific replica of the aorta. The volumetric velocity field is measured using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) under a physiologically relevant steady flow. The effect of the LVAD outflow graft insertion site and anastomosis angle on the transport of embolic particles to cranial vessels is studied by solving the particle equation of motion for spheres in the range of 0.1–1.0 mm using the measured three-dimensional (3D) velocity field. Results show that for a given aorta anatomy, it is possible to design the cannula graft location and terminal curvature so that the probability of embolic transport to the cranial vessels is significantly minimized. This is particularly important since the complex flow pattern in each cannula case affects the embolic trajectories differently, and hence the common assumption that particles distribute by the volumetric flow division does not hold.
Cycling and cardiovascular disease risk factors including body composition, blood lipids and cardiorespiratory fitness analysed as continuous variables: Part 2—systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Nordengen Solveig , Andersen Lars Bo , Solbraa Ane K , Riiser Amund 
Published: May 2019

Objectives
We aimed to examine the relationship between cycling (particularly commuter cycling) and risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including body composition, blood lipids and cardiorespiratory fitness. This study differed from our recent (Part 1) systematic review in that risk factors for CVD were analysed as continuous variables rather than being present or absent.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Eligibility criteria
We searched four databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and Scopus). All quantitative studies, published until August 2017, were included when a general population was investigated, cycling was assessed either in total or as a transportation mode, and CVD risk factors were reported.

Methods

We analysed body composition, physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), blood lipids and blood pressure (BP). Skinfold, waist circumference and body mass index were analysed and prioritised in that order when more than one measure were available. PA included measures of counts per minutes, moderate-to-vigorous PA or minutes per week. CRF included results of maximal tests with or without expired air or submaximal test. For blood lipids and BP, separate analyses were run for low-density and high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, systolic BP and diastolic BP. Studies were excluded when reporting dichotomous outcomes or when cycling and walking were combined. Heterogeneity was investigated using I
2
.

Results
Fifteen studies were included; the majority reported commuter cycling. In total, we included 5775 cyclists and 39 273 non-cyclists. Cyclists had more favourable risk factor levels in body composition −0.08 (95% CI −0.13 to −0.04), PA 0.13 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.20), CRF 0.28 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.35) and blood lipids compared with non-cyclists. There was no sex difference in risk reduction.

Conclusion/implication
Cycling mitigated the risk factor profile for CVD. A strength of this systematic review is that all the risk factors were analysed as continuous variables. These data provide evidence for practitioners, stakeholders, policy-makers and city planners to accommodate and promote cycling.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42016052421.
Trends in the risk of cardiovascular disease in women with breast cancer in a Dutch nationwide cohort study
Authors: Buddeke Josefien , Gernaat Sofie A M , Bots Michiel L , van den Bongard Desirée H J G , Grobbee Diederick E , Vaartjes Ilonca , Verkooijen Helena M 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk following breast cancer using national registry data.MethodsA nationwide cohort study was conducted, comprising 163 881 women with in situ (7.6%) or invasive (92.4%) breast cancer and women of the general population, ranging from 3 661 141 in 1996 to 4 566 573 in 2010. CVD mortality rate in women with and without breast cancer and hospitalisation rate after breast cancer were calculated for the years 1996–2010. Age-adjusted CVD and breast cancer mortality within 5 years after breast cancer admission (1997–2010) were compared with 1996 calculated with a Cox proportional hazard analysis.ResultsThe absolute 10-year CVD mortality risk following breast cancer decreased from 56 per 1000 women in 1996 to 41 in 2005 (relative reduction=27.8%). In the general population, this decreased from 73 per 1000 women in 1996 to 55 in 2005 (–23.9%). The absolute risk of CVD hospitalisation within 1 year following breast cancer increased from 54 per 1000 women in 1996 to 67 in 2009 (+23.6%), which was largely explained by an increase in hospitalisation for hypertension, pulmonary embolism, rheumatoid heart/valve disease and heart failure. The 5-year CVD mortality risk was 42% lower (HR 0.58, 95% CI=0.48 to 0.70) for women admitted for breast cancer in 2010 compared with 1996.ConclusionsCVD mortality risk decreased in women with breast cancer and in women of the general population, with women with breast cancer having a lower risk of CVD mortality. By contrast, there was an increase in hospitalisation for CVD in women with breast cancer.
Method to measure the mismatch between target and achieved received dose intensity of chemotherapy in cancer trials: a retrospective analysis of the MRC BO06 trial in osteosarcoma
Authors: Lancia Carlo , Anninga Jakob , Spitoni Cristian , Sydes Matthew R. , Whelan Jeremy , Hogendoorn Pancras C W , Gelderblom Hans , Fiocco Marta 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesIn cancer studies, the target received dose intensity (tRDI) for any regimen, the intended dose and time for the regimen, is commonly taken as a proxy for achieved RDI (aRDI), the actual individual dose and time for the regimen. Evaluating tRDI/aRDI mismatches is crucial to assess study results whenever patients are stratified on allocated regimen. The manuscript develops a novel methodology to highlight and evaluate tRDI/aRDI mismatches.DesignRetrospective analysis of a randomised controlled trial, MRC BO06 (EORTC 80931).SettingPopulation-based study but proposed methodology can be applied to other trial designs.ParticipantsA total of 497 patients with resectable high-grade osteosarcoma, of which 19 were excluded because chemotherapy was not started or the estimated dose was abnormally high (>1.25 × prescribed dose).Intervention(s)Two regimens with the same anticipated cumulative dose (doxorubicin 6×75 mg/m2/week; cisplatin 6×100 mg/m2/week) over different time schedules: every 3 weeks in regimen-C and every 2 weeks in regimen-DI.Primary and secondary outcome measurestRDI distribution was measured across groups of patients derived from k-means clustering of treatment data. K-means creates groups of patients who are aRDI-homogeneous. The main outcome is the proportion of tRDI values in groups of homogeneous aRDI.ResultsFor nearly half of the patients, there is a mismatch between tRDI and aRDI; for 21%, aRDI was closer to the tRDI of the other regimen.ConclusionsFor MRC BO06, tRDI did not predict well aRDI. The manuscript offers an original procedure to highlight the presence of and quantify tRDI/aRDI mismatches. Caution is required to interpret the effect of chemotherapy-regimen intensification on survival outcome at an individual level where such a mismatch is present.The study relevance lies in the use of individual realisation of the intended treatment, which depends on individual delays and/or dose reductions reported throughout the treatment.Trial registration numberISRCTN86294690.
Assessment of the quality and readability of online information on autopsy for the general public: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Hanley Brian , Brown Philip , O’Neill Shane , Osborn Michael 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesHospital (consented) autopsy rates have dropped precipitously in recent decades. Online medical information is now a common resource used by the general public. Given clinician reluctance to request hospital postmortem examinations, we assessed whether healthcare users have access to high quality, readable autopsy information online.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of 400 webpages. Readability was determined using the Flesch-Kincaid score, grade level and Coleman-Liau Index. Authorship, DISCERN score andJournal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)criteria were applied by two independent observers. Health on the net code of conduct (HON-code) certification was also assessed. Sixty-five webpages were included in the final analysis.ResultsThe overall quality was poor (mean DISCERN=38.1/80, 28.8% did not fulfil a singleJAMAcriterion and only 10.6% were HON-code certified). Quality scores were significantly different across author types, with scientific and health-portal websites scoring highest by DISCERN (analysis of variance (ANOVA), F=5.447, p<0.001) andJAMA(Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.001) criteria. HON-code certified sites were associated with higherJAMA(Mann-Whitney U, p<0.001) and DISCERN (t-test, t=3.5, p=0.001) scores. The most frequent author type was government (27.3%) which performed lower than average on DISCERN scores (ANOVA, F=5.447, p<0.001). Just 5% (3/65) were at or below the recommended eight grade reading level (aged 13–15 years).ConclusionsAlthough there were occasional high quality web articles containing autopsy information, these were diluted by irrelevant and low quality sites, set at an inappropriately high reading level. Given the paucity of high quality articles, healthcare providers should familiarise themselves with the best resources and direct the public accordingly.
Cost-minimisation analysis alongside a pilot study of early Tissue Doppler Evaluation of Diastolic Dysfunction in Emergency Department Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (TEDDy-NSTEACS)
Authors: Gc Vijay S , Alshurafa Mohamad , Sturgess David J , Ting Joseph , Gregory Kye , Oliveira Gonçalves Ana Sofia , Whitty Jennifer A 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate the cost implications of early angiography for patients with suspected non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).DesignA decision tree model was used to synthesise data from the pilot study and literature sources. Sensitivity analyses tested the impact of assumptions incorporated into the analysis.SettingEmergency department (ED), Brisbane, Australia.ParticipantsPatients with suspected NSTEACS.InterventionsTDI as a diagnostic tool for triaging patients within 4 hours of presentation in addition to conventional risk stratification, compared with conventional risk stratification alone.Data sourcesResource used for diagnosis and management were recorded prospectively and costed for 51 adults who had echocardiography within 24 hours of admission. Costs for conventional care were based on observed data. Cost estimates for the TDI intervention assumed patients classified as high risk at TDI (E/e’>14) progressed early to angiography with an associated 1-day reduction in length of stay.Primary outcome measuresCosts until discharge from the Australian healthcare perspective in 2016–2017 prices.ResultsFindings suggest that using TDI as a diagnostic tool for triaging patients with suspected NSTEACS is likely to be cost saving by $A1090 (95% credible interval: $A573 to $A1703) per patient compared with conventional care. The results are mainly driven by the assumed reduction in length of stay due to the inclusion of early TDI in clinical decision-making.ConclusionsThis pilot study indicates that compared with conventional risk stratification, triaging patients presenting with suspected NSTEACS with TDI within 4 hours of ED presentation has potential cost savings. Findings assume a reduction in hospital stay is achieved for patients considered to be high risk at TDI. Larger, comparative studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm the clinical effectiveness of TDI as a diagnostic strategy for NSTEACS, the assumed reduction in hospital stay and any cost saving.
Evidence on the effect of gender of newborn, antenatal care and postnatal care on breastfeeding practices in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis andmeta-regression analysis of observational studies
Authors: Habtewold Tesfa Dejenie , Sharew Nigussie Tadesse , Alemu Sisay Mulugeta 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association of gender of newborn, antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) with timely initiation of breast feeding (TIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices in Ethiopia.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesTo retrieve all available literature, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, WHO Global Health Library, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases were systematically searched and complemented by manual searches. The search was done from August 2017 to September 2018.Eligibility criteriaAll observational studies including cross-sectional, case-control, cohort studies conducted in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2018 were included. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of included studies.Data extraction and synthesisStudy area, design, population, number of mothers (calculated sample size and participated in the study) and observed frequency data were extracted using Joanna Briggs Institute tool. To obtain the pooled effect size, a meta-analysis using weighted inverse variance random-effects model was performed. Cochran’s Q X2test, τ2and I2statistics were used to test heterogeneity, estimate amount of total/residual heterogeneity and measure variability attributed to heterogeneity, respectively. Mixed-effects meta-regression analysis was done to identify possible sources of heterogeneity. Egger’s regression test at p value threshold ≤0.01 was used to examine publication bias. Furthermore, the trend of evidence over time was examined by performing a cumulative meta-analysis.ResultsOf 523 articles retrieved, 17 studies (n=26 146 mothers) on TIBF and 24 studies (n=17 819 mothers) on EBF were included in the final analysis. ANC (OR=2.24, 95% CI 1.65 to 3.04, p<0.001, I2=90.9%), PNC (OR=1.86, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.47, p<0.001, I2=63.4%) and gender of newborn (OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.68, p=0.04, I2=81.7%) significantly associated with EBF. ANC (OR=1.70, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.65, p=0.02, I2=93.1%) was also significantly associated with TIBF but not with gender of newborn (OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.21, p=0.82, I2=66.2%).ConclusionsIn line with our hypothesis, gender of newborn, ANC and PNC were significantly associated with EBF. Likewise, ANC was significantly associated with TIBF. Optimal care during pregnancy and after birth is important to ensure adequate breast feeding. This meta-analysis study provided up-to-date evidence on breastfeeding practices and its associated factors, which could be useful for breastfeeding improvement initiative in Ethiopia and cross-country and cross-cultural comparison.Trial registration numberCRD42017056768