bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The giant mycoheterotrophic orchid Erythrorchis altissima is associated mainly with a divergent set of wood‐decaying fungi
Authors: Ogura‐Tsujita Yuki , Gebauer Gerhard , Xu Hui , Fukasawa Yu , Umata Hidetaka , Tetsuka Kenshi , Kubota Miho , Schweiger Julienne M.‐I. , Yamashita Satoshi , Maekawa Nitaro , Maki Masayuki , Isshiki Shiro , Yukawa Tomohisa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe climbing orchid Erythrorchis altissima is the largest mycoheterotroph in the world. Although previous in vitro work suggests that E. altissima has a unique symbiosis with wood‐decaying fungi, little is known about how this giant orchid meets its carbon and nutrient demands exclusively via mycorrhizal fungi. In this study, the mycorrhizal fungi of E. altissima were molecularly identified using root samples from 26 individuals. Furthermore, in vitro symbiotic germination with five fungi and stable isotope compositions in five E. altissima at one site were examined. In total, 37 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to nine orders in Basidiomycota were identified from the orchid roots. Most of the fungal OTUs were wood‐decaying fungi, but underground roots had ectomycorrhizal Russula. Two fungal isolates from mycorrhizal roots induced seed germination and subsequent seedling development in vitro. Measurement of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope abundances revealed that E. altissima is a full mycoheterotroph whose carbon originates mainly from wood‐decaying fungi. All of the results show that E. altissima is associated with a wide range of wood‐ and soil‐inhabiting fungi, the majority of which are wood‐decaying taxa. This generalist association enables E. altissima to access a large carbon pool in woody debris and has been key to the evolution of such a large mycoheterotroph.
What is Vipp1 good for?
Authors: Junglas Benedikt , Schneider Dirk 
Published: February 2018

SummaryWhile Vipp1 (also known as IM30) clearly is essential for proper biogenesis of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, the exact function of Vipp1/IM30 still remains unclear. The recent in vivo study of Gutu et al. now demonstrates that Vipp1/IM30 forms localized puncta specifically at highly curved membrane regions at the cell periphery. These Vipp1/IM30 puncta were found being highly dynamic under normal growth conditions, while it has recently been shown that they stably associate with membranes under high‐light conditions. These observations, together with the observation that other Vipp1/IM30 homologous proteins also form puncta under stress conditions, indicate a protective function of these proteins at stressed membrane regions. However, Gutu et al. additionally show that Vipp1/IM30 is of special importance when growing cells are shifted from dark to light growth conditions, which could be explained by light stress, by thylakoid membrane dynamics and/or by photosystem biogenesis, which is being discussed in this article.
Age estimation in bowhead whales using tympanic bulla histology and baleen isotopes
Authors: Sensor Jennifer D. , George John C. , Clementz Mark T. , Lovano Denise M. , Waugh David A. , Givens Geof H. , Suydam Robert , Stimmelmayr Raphaela , Thewissen J. G. M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTympanic bullae and baleen plates from bowhead whales of the Western Arctic population were examined. Growth layer groups (GLGs) in the involucrum of the tympanic bone were used to estimate age of the whales, and compared to stable isotope signatures along transects of baleen plates and the involucrum. The involucrum of the tympanic bone consists of three regions that form in utero, during nursing in the first year, and during the first decades of life, respectively. Life history events, such as annual migration, are recorded in the bowhead tympanic bulla. It is likely that bone growth in the bowhead tympanic occurs during periods of high food intake, while slow or arrested growth occurs during periods of low food intake. Comparisons between numbers of GLGs in the tympanic, number of isotopic oscillations in a baleen plate, length of the baleen plate, and total whale length show correlation coefficients as high as 0.97. The tympanic GLG method is particularly useful for estimating the age of whales up to 20 yr old.
Power‐sharing coalitions in the Basque Country (1987–1998): centripetal coalitions vs. consociational coalitions
Authors: Blas Asier 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFrom 1987 to 1998, the Basque government was made up of a coalition between Basque nationalists and unionists. However, there are doubts about whether this experience has a consociational character. In order to clarify this, the article analyses the four characteristics of Lijphart's scheme, focussing on the degree of power‐sharing of the Basque governments using the qualitative distinction of McGarry and O'Leary and the centripetal approach, creating the power‐sharing in government index and studying the degree of ideological proximity of the parties making up the coalition. The conclusions are that in the Basque case, there were no complete or concurrent consociational governments, but instead, there were centripetal coalitions. Furthermore, it makes clear that an electoral system with high proportionality is an obstacle when it comes to maintaining cross‐segment governments in societies that lack stability in the correlation of forces among segments and use centripetal power‐sharing coalitions or weak or concurrent consotiational coalitions. The most realistic choice in order to preserve the power‐sharing government would be adopting a proportional sequential coalition and a proportional electoral system with significative electoral threshold to avoid the emergence of anti‐consociational parties.
Two pivotal RNA editing sites in the mitochondrial atp1mRNA are required for ATP synthase to produce sufficient ATP for cotton fiber cell elongation
Authors: He Peng , Xiao Guanghui , Liu Hao , Zhang Lihua , Zhao Li , Tang Meiju , Huang Sheng , An Yingjie , Yu Jianing 
Published: February 2018

Summary

RNA editing is a post‐transcriptional maturation process affecting organelle transcripts in land plants. However, the molecular functions and physiological roles of RNA editing are still poorly understood.

Using high‐throughput sequencing, we identified 692 RNA editing sites in the Gossypium hirsutum mitochondrial genome. A total of 422 editing sites were found in the coding regions and all the edits are cytidine (C) to uridine (U) conversions. Comparative analysis showed that two editing sites in Ghatp1, C1292 and C1415, had a prominent difference in editing efficiency between fiber and ovule.

Biochemical and genetic analyses revealed that the two vital editing sites were important for the interaction between the α and β subunits of ATP synthase, which resulted in ATP accumulation and promoted cell growth in yeast. Ectopic expression of C1292, C1415, or doubly edited Ghatp1 in Arabidopsis caused a significant increase in the number of trichomes in leaves and root length.

Our results indicate that editing at C1292 and C1415 sites in Ghatp1 is crucial for ATP synthase to produce sufficient ATP for cotton fiber cell elongation. This work extends our understanding of RNA editing in atp1 and ATP synthesis, and provides insights into the function of mitochondrial edited Atp1 protein in higher plants.
Efficacy of high‐dose steroids for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome post pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Even‐Or Ehud , Ghandourah Hasan , Ali Muhammad , Krueger Joerg , Sweezey Neil B. , Schechter Tal 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBOS is the pulmonary manifestation of cGvHD post‐allogeneic HSCT. Survival and treatment of this often fatal complication have not improved over the last 20 years and there is no clear standard of care. For the past 10 years, BOS was treated in our center with monthly cycles of HDPS. We reviewed the outcomes of patients with post‐HSCT BOS who met the diagnostic criteria for BOS as per the NIH consensus and were treated with at least one cycle of methylprednisolone at a dose of 10‐30 mg/kg/d×3 d. We collected demographic and clinical data, responses to treatment and results of pulmonary function tests at several time points. Between January 2007 and January 2014, 12 patients were treated with HDPS for post‐HSCT BOS. Five patients (42%) had a good response to treatment; four patients (33%) stabilized with moderate lung disease; and three patients (25%) progressed to end‐stage disease. No significant acute side effects attributable to the HDPS treatment were identified. HDPS may be an effective treatment option for all but the most severely ill patients with post‐HSCT BOS.
Increased carotid intima‐media thickness in African American pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Sgambat Kristen , Clauss Sarah , Lei K. Y. , Song Jiuzhou , Rahaman Shaik O. , Lasota Margaret , Moudgil Asha 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEarly signs of subclinical CV dysfunction can be detected by ultrasound for CIMT. Although A‐A are at high risk for CV disease, CIMT of A‐A kidney transplant recipients has not been previously investigated. The aim of this prospective, controlled, longitudinal study was to investigate determinants of CIMT in a multiracial pediatric kidney transplant population, with a focus on A‐A. Transplant recipients (n = 42) had BMI, waist‐to‐height ratio, fasting glucose, lipid panel, HbA1c%, and CIMT measured at 1, 18, and 30 months post‐transplant. Twenty‐four healthy children (14 A‐A) served as controls. CIMT of A‐A transplant (0.49, 0.49, and 0.48 mm) was higher than non‐AA transplant (0.43, 0.44, and 0.44 mm) at 1, 18, and 30 months and higher than A‐A controls (0.47 mm). Hyperparathyroidism prior to transplant predicted high CIMT‐for‐race. A‐A race was associated with 10% higher CIMT vs non‐A‐A transplant. Metabolic syndrome was associated with 0.03 ± 0.01 mm increase in CIMT among A‐A transplant recipients only. In conclusion, A‐A kidney transplant recipients have increased CIMT. Metabolic syndrome disproportionately affects CIMT of A‐A children post‐transplant. Identification of subclinical CV damage, detected by CIMT, may provide an opportunity for early detection of CV risk in this vulnerable population.
The Difficulties with Groundlessness
Authors: Dromm Keith 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn On Certainty, §166, Wittgenstein mentions the difficulty of realizing the “groundlessness of our believing.” In the course of reviewing what makes this realization so difficult, I examine a certain way of understanding one of Wittgenstein's techniques for getting us to realize it, his use of the “hinge” metaphor. It implies that hinge‐propositions possess that status inherently; for some commentators, this is because of their connection to instinctive and habitual behaviours. I offer an alternative interpretation of the remarks that have been used to support this understanding that better explains their role in Wittgenstein's response to scepticism and other epistemological problems.
Validation of Questionnaire and Diary Measures of Time Outdoors Against an Objective Measure of Personal Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure
Authors: Cust Anne E , Fenton Georgina L , Smit Amelia K , Espinoza David , Dobbinson Suzanne , Brodie Alison , Dang Huong Tran Cam , Kimlin Michael G 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSelf‐reported sun exposure is commonly measured using questionnaires or diaries, but there are limited data on their validity, particularly for population subgroups. This research aimed to compare self‐reported sun exposure, measured as (1) habitual time outdoors over the past month on weekends and weekdays and (2) a 4‐day diary measure, against objective measurement of personal ultraviolet radiation using polysulfone film dosimeters. From November 2015 to January 2016, 94 people (22–69 years and living in New South Wales, Australia) completed a questionnaire, 4‐day diary and 4‐day dosimeter measures of overall, weekday and weekend sun exposure. Spearman correlations and Bland–Altman plots were used to measure agreement. The overall weekly correlation was 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44, 0.68) between standard erythemal doses (SEDs) measured by dosimeter and time spent outdoors measured by questionnaire, 0.74 (95% CI 0.66–0.81) between dosimeter and diary, and 0.59 (95% CI 0.48–0.68) between questionnaire and diary measures. Validity was lower for younger people and weekend sun exposure. There was strong correlation between dosimeter and sun diary measures and moderate correlation between dosimeter and questionnaire measures. Daily measurement over a longer period may be required to accurately capture weeklong sun exposure in all population subgroups.
Antiphotoaging Effect of Prunus yeonesis Blossom Extract via Inhibition of MAPK/AP‐1 and Regulation of the TGF‐βI/Smad and Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathways
Authors: Li Lu , Hwang Eunson , Ngo Hien T. T. , Lin Pei , Gao Wei , Liu Ying , Yi Tae‐Hoo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCherry blossoms have attracted attention as an ingredient with potential for use in skincare products. However, no skin photoaging‐related research has been performed with this plant. In this study, cherry blossom extract (CBE) at 1, 10 and 100 μg mL−1 was investigated for its skin antiphotoaging effects in UVB‐irradiated normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cells in vitro. Our results showed that CBE markedly increased type‐I procollagen during UVB exposure via two pathways. Firstly, transcription activator protein‐1 expression and MAP kinases were downregulated, consequently reducing the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 and MMP‐3. Secondly, transforming growth factor TGF‐βI secretion was upregulated by Smads. Application of CBE facilitated the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 against reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced damage, which is essential for the coordinated induction of cytoprotective enzymes. Together, our findings suggest that CBE may be a promising ingredient for skin aging therapy and provide a novel approach for alleviating cutaneous aging.
The clock‐drawing test: normative data in adult and elderly Israeli Arabs
Authors: Merims Doron , Ben Natan Merav , Milawi Deep , Boguslavsky Tania 
Published: February 2018

AimDespite the widespread use of the clock‐drawing test (CDT), normative data and information regarding the influence of sociodemographic factors on test performance by adult and elderly Israeli Arabs are lacking. The current study aimed to establish normative data for this population group by exploring the impact of sociodemographic factors such as age, education, and gender on CDT performance. In addition, this study examined the association between CDT performance and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores.MethodsThe sample consisted of 295 community‐dwelling healthy adult and elderly Israeli Arabs, aged 20–86 years, with a MMSE score ≥24. The MMSE and the CDT were administered to participants.ResultsStatistical analyses revealed that age had a negative effect on CDT performance, which was most pronounced in the 60–86 age group, but education and occupation (academic vs non‐academic) had a positive effect. Gender and place of residence (urban vs rural) had no effect. CDT performance predicted the MMSE score.ConclusionsThe present study provides preliminary normative data on adult and elderly Israeli Arabs. The CDT appears to be applicable to Israeli Arabs, while the normative data might help interpret cognitive function results in this population.
Advantages of different care services for reducing neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia patients
Authors: Suzuki Yukiko , Kazui Hiroaki , Yoshiyama Kenji , Azuma Shingo , Kanemoto Hideki , Sato Shunsuke , Suehiro Takashi , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundIt is assumed that care services effectively reduce behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, it is unclear which care services are effective for reducing specific BPSD. The aim of this study was to clarify which care services were recognized by care specialists as being effective for reducing each of 11 BPSD.MethodsWe sent unsigned questionnaires to care specialists in Japan. The questionnaires asked specialists to choose from 12 kinds of care services the most, second‐most, and third‐most effective service for reducing each of 11 BPSD. The most effective service was scored as 3 points, the second‐most was 2 points, and the third‐most was 1 point. Specialists were also asked to describe why they chose each service. The 12 kinds of care services were categorized into four categories: (i) home‐visit; (ii) outpatient; (iii) short‐stay; and (iv) facility. Total scores for each category were analyzed using a two‐way anova. The reasons care specialists chose each service were analyzed using morphological analysis, and representative reasons were extracted.ResultsA total of 103 questionnaires were returned. Of the four service categories, outpatient services yielded the highest score for reducing apathy (P < 0.001) due to the effectiveness of participating in recreation and receiving stimulation. Facility services yielded the highest score for reducing aberrant motor behaviour (P < 0.001). Short‐stay services yielded the lowest score for reducing depression (P < 0.001). For eight other kinds of BPSD, there were no significant differences between home‐visit and facility services or between outpatient and facility services.ConclusionsCare specialists reported that effective care services for reducing BPSD differed among types of BPSD. In‐home care services might be effective at reducing many BPSD except for aberrant motor behaviour, suggesting that greater use of in‐home care services might enable people with BPSD to live in their homes for longer.
Ethnic differences in spirometry measurements in China: Results from a large community‐based epidemiological study
Authors: Yan Ruohua , Tse Lap Ah , Liu Zhiguang , Bo Jian , Chan Emily Y. , Wang Yang , Yin Lu , Li Wei ,   on behalf of PURE‐China Investigators
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveNo previous studies have examined differences in spirometry measurements among ethnic populations in China, and factors which may influence ethnic differences are unclear. Our study aimed to investigate whether forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) differ among Han Chinese and other ethnic minorities in China.MethodsWe recruited 7137 individuals aged 35–70 years from four areas of China inhabited by ethnic minority groups between 2007 and 2009. We conducted spirometry tests for all available participants, and compared FEV1 and FVC among Uygur, Hui, Mongolian, Dai and Han Chinese ethnicities, using nonlinear multiplicative regression models.ResultsA total of 2005 healthy never‐smokers were enrolled in the analysis. For all ethnicities, spirometry values increased with height and decreased with age; FEV1 and FVC were consistently higher in males than in females. Compared with Han Chinese, FEV1 was 4.42% (95% CI: 2.11–6.78%) higher in Mongolians, 4.08% (95% CI: 1.33–6.76%) lower in Uygurs, 4.39% (95% CI: 1.33–7.35%) lower in Hui people and 4.72% (95% CI: 1.80–7.55%) lower in Dai people, after adjusted for potential confounders including height, age, sex and place of residence. We observed similar differences for FVC.ConclusionsWe detected significant differences in spirometry measurements among ethnic populations in China. Such differences cannot be fully explained by demographic, anthropometric or socioeconomic factors, but may also be attributed to genetic background as well as indoor and outdoor environmental exposures that need further investigation.
Khat: Adaptive Community Resilience Strategy or Short‐Sighted Money Maker?
Authors: Cafer Anne M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractKhat (Catha edulis) is a perennial bush originating in East Africa. This shrub's leaves and twigs are sold in East African and Middle Eastern markets for their narcotic effect. Khat has become an exceedingly popular topic in both the health and policy arenas, with a growing body of literature related to cardiovascular and oral health, mental health and cognitive processes, and monitoring and policy related to khat. However, there has been relatively little research on khat's association with food security, which is foundational to human health and well‐being, or its place in the agrifood system. Furthermore, research linking khat to validated cross‐cultural measures of food security is nonexistent. The majority of studies contextualizing khat production in terms of food security focus on khat's displacement of food crops. This study surveyed 115 farmers in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. Data revealed khat to be positively associated with food security. However, there is reason for caution given the documented potential for poor health outcomes related to khat consumption and the heavy reliance on irrigation for intensive khat production, combined with the unregulated nature of water withdrawals in Ethiopia. Poor health and degradation of water and soil resources are key vulnerability pathways in community resilience.
Health status and most distressing concerns at admission and discharge reported by patients cared for at an internal medical care ward
Authors: Jakobsson Sofie , Jakobsson Ung Eva , Lindström Marie , Eliasson Björn , Ringström Gisela 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundTo promote patients’ ability to regain health during hospitalisation, care should not only focus on disease but also on how patients perceive health. There is a lack of studies on how patients admitted for inpatients care perceive their health.AimTo investigate self‐reported health at admission and discharge perceived by patients admitted to an internal medicine ward; and, further, to explore the most distressing concerns at admission and discharge and the factors that influence low health status at discharge.Designs and methodsOne hundred and forty‐seven patients completed EQ‐5D and an open‐ended question ‘What concerns distress you the most?’ at admission and discharge. Descriptive, parametric and nonparametric analyses were used. Subset analyses were performed between three groups based on health change. Factors influencing low health status at discharge were tested in a logistic regression. To analyse most distressing concerns, an inductive content analysis was performed.ResultsThere was a significant increase in self‐rated health for patients with gastrointestinal disorders. At discharge, 50% was identified with improved and 30% with unaltered health. Twenty per cent reported a significant deterioration of health and had the highest frequency of severe problems in all EQ‐5D dimensions. Several patients left hospital with distressing symptoms, uncertainty and concerns that had persisted throughout their hospitalisation. Vulnerable patients were characterised by an acute admission, unemployment and longer hospitalisation. Low EQ VAS at admission predicted poor health at discharge.ConclusionsMany patients had low health status at admission. For some, this did not improve during hospital stay, and for some, it got worse. Our findings highlight a group, whose care can be improved, through information, support and follow‐up routines within and outside the hospital. Identifying these patients, efforts to better support patients in their self‐care, including relief of pain and worries, at discharge can be established.