bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The flickering connectivity system of the north Andean páramos
Authors: Flantua Suzette G.A. , O’Dea Aaron , Onstein Renske E. , Hooghiemstra Henry 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT AND KEYWORDSAimTo quantify the effect of Pleistocene climate fluctuations on habitat connectivity across páramos in the Neotropics.LocationThe Northern AndesMethodsThe unique páramos habitat underwent dynamic shifts in elevation in response to changing climate conditions during the Pleistocene. The lower boundary of the páramos is defined by the upper forest line, which is known to be highly responsive to temperature. Here we reconstruct the extent and connectivity of páramos over the last 1 million years (Myr) by reconstructing the UFL from the long fossil pollen record of Funza09, Colombia, and applying it to spatial mapping on modern topographies across the Northern Andes for 752 time slices. Data provide an estimate of how often and for how long different elevations were occupied by páramos and estimates their connectivity to provide insights into the role of topography in biogeographic patterns of páramos.ResultsOur findings show that connectivity amongst páramos of the Northern Andes was highly dynamic, both within and across mountain ranges. Connectivity amongst páramos peaked during extreme glacial periods but intermediate cool stadials and mild interstadials dominated the climate system. These variable degrees of connectivity through time result in what we term the ‘flickering connectivity system’. We provide a visualization (video) to showcase this phenomenon. Patterns of connectivity in the Northern Andes contradict patterns observed in other mountain ranges of differing topographies.Main conclusionsPleistocene climate change was the driver of significant elevational and spatial shifts in páramos causing dynamic changes in habitat connectivity across and within all mountain ranges. Some generalities emerge, including the fact that connectivity was greatest during the most ephemeral of times. However, the timing, duration and degree of connectivity varied substantially among mountain ranges depending on their topographic configuration. The flickering connectivity system of the páramos uncovers the dynamic settings in which evolutionary radiations shaped the most diverse alpine biome on Earth.
Development of high throughput method for the analysis of anthelmintic resistance allele frequencies in field populations of gastrointestinal nematodes
Authors: Sargison Neil D. , MacLeay Madison , Morrison Alison A. , Bartley David J. , Evans Mike , Chaudhry Umer 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDrug resistant helminths have become a major cause of poor health and production in sheep and goats, and there is a need for diagnostic markers and tools to determine the frequency of resistance alleles in field parasite populations. Gastrointestinal nematode resistance to benzimidazole drugs is caused by a mutation in one of three positions on the isotype 1 β-tubulin locus, and in the absence of markers for resistance to other broad spectrum anthelmintic classes, these provide a relevant study example. Determination of the prevalence of these single nucleotide polymorphisms in field gastrointestinal nematode populations can be impractical using conventional molecular methods, which may be error prone or lack sensitivity at low levels of resistance. Here, we report the development of a novel method based on an Illumina Mi-seq deep amplicon sequencing platform; to sequence the isotype 1 β-tubulin locus of the small ruminant gastrointestinal nematode,Teladorsagia circumcincta, and determine the frequency of the benzimidazole resistance mutations. We validated the method by assessing sequence representation bias in the isotype 1 β-tubulin locus, comparing the results of Illumina Mi-seq and pyrosequencing, and applying the method to populations containing known proportions of resistant and susceptible L3. Finally, we applied the method to field samples collected from ewes and lambs on over a period of one year on three farms, each highlighting different aspects of sheep management and approaches to parasite control. The results show opportunities to build hypotheses with reference to selection pressures leading to differences in resistance allele frequencies between sampling dates, farms and ewes or lambs, and to consider the impact of their genetic fixation or otherwise. This study provides proof of concept of a practical, accurate, sensitive and scalable method to determine frequency of anthelmintic drug resistance mutations in gastrointestinal nematodes in field studies and as a management tool for livestock farmers.
Machine learning Classification of Dyslexic Children based on EEG Local Network Features
Authors: Rezvani Z. , Zare M. , Žarić G. , Bonte M. , Tijms J. , Van der Molen M.W. , Fraga González G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMachine learning can be used to find meaningful patterns characterizing individual differences. Deploying a machine learning classifier fed by local features derived from graph analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) data, we aimed at designing a neurobiologically-based classifier to differentiate two groups of children, one group with and the other group without dyslexia, in a robust way. We used EEG resting-state data of 29 dyslexics and 15 typical readers in grade 3, and calculated weighted connectivity matrices for multiple frequency bands using the phase lag index (PLI). From the connectivity matrices, we derived weighted connectivity graphs. A number of local network measures were computed from those graphs, and 37 False Discovery Rate (FDR) corrected features were selected as input to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and a commonKNearest Neighbors (KNN) classifier. Cross validation was employed to assess the machine-learning performance and random shuffling to assure the performance appropriateness of the classifier and avoid features overfitting. The best performance was for the SVM using a polynomial kernel. Children were classified with 95% accuracy based on local network features from different frequency bands. The automatic classification techniques applied to EEG graph measures showed to be both robust and reliable in distinguishing between typical and dyslexic readers.
Genetic Basis of Alternative Polyadenylation is an Emerging Molecular Phenotype for Human Traits and Diseases
Authors: Li Lei , Gao Yipeng , Peng Fanglue , Wagner Eric J. , Li Wei 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARYGenome-wide association studies have identified thousands of non-coding variants that are statistically associated with human traits and diseases. However, functional interpretation of these variants remains a major challenge. Here, we describe the first atlas of human 3’-UTR alternative polyadenylation (APA) Quantitative Trait Loci (3’QTLs), i.e. ∼0.4 million genetic variants associated with APA of target genes across 46 Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) tissues from 467 individuals. APA occurs in approximately 70% of human genes and substantively impacts cellular proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, 3’QTLs could alter polyA motifs and RNA-binding protein binding sites, leading to thousands of APA changes. Importantly, 3’QTLs can be used to interpret ∼16.1% of trait-associated variants and are largely distinct from other QTLs such as eQTLs. The genetic basis of APA (3’QTLs) thus represent a novel molecular phenotype to explain a large fraction of non-coding variants and to provide new insights into complex traits and disease etiologies.HighlightsThe first atlas of human 3’QTLs: ∼0.4 million genetic variants associated with alternative polyadenylation of target genes across 46 tissues from 467 individuals3’QTLs could alter polyA motifs and RNA-binding protein binding sites3’QTLs can be used to interpret ∼16.1% of trait-associated variantsMany disease-associated 3’QTLs contribute to phenotype independent of gene expression
A cancer-associated missense mutation in PP2A-Aα increases centrosome clustering during mitosis
Authors: Antao Noelle V. , Marcet-Ortega Marina , Cifani Paolo , Kentsis Alex , Foley Emily A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA single incidence of whole-genome doubling (WGD) is common early in tumorigenesis. In addition to increasing ploidy, WGD doubles centrosome number. In the ensuing mitoses, excess centrosomes form a multipolar spindle, resulting in a lethal multipolar cell division. To survive, cells must cluster centrosomes into two poles to allow a bipolar cell division. Cancer cells are typically more proficient at centrosome clustering than untransformed cells, but the mechanism behind increased clustering ability is not well understood. Heterozygous missense mutations in PPP2R1A, which encodes the alpha isoform of the A-subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A-Aα), positively correlate with WGD. To understand this correlation, we introduced a heterozygous hotspot mutation, P179R, in endogenous PP2A-Aα in human tissue culture cells. We find that PP2A-AαP179R decreases PP2A assembly and targeting. Strikingly, when centrosome number is increased, either through cytokinesis failure or centrosome amplification, PP2A-Aα mutant cells are more proficient than WT cells at centrosome clustering, likely due to PP2A-Aα loss-of-function. PP2A-AαP179R appears to enhance centrosome clustering by altering the interactions between centrosomes and the cell cortex. Thus, cancer-associated mutations in PP2A-Aα may increase cellular fitness after WGD by enhancing centrosome clustering.
Student persistence in open and distance learning: success factors and challenges
Authors: Au Oliver Tat-Sheung , Li K. , Wong T.M. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the success factors and challenges for students studying in an open and distance learning (ODL) mode and recommend strategies for student persistence based on the findings.

Design/methodology/approach
Three groups of ODL students with various levels of study performance – nine high-level, nine mid-level and eight low-level students – were invited to participate in three focus group interviews. They were asked about their motivation, success factors and challenges in their studies.

Findings
The different groups of participants showed observable variations in their response. The mid-level students believed that word-by-word rote memorisation was their best strategy in preparing for examinations. The low-level students believed that they needed to master multitasking to learn well in tight schedules. All these weak student participants considered quitting at some points, but no high-level student did so. To improve student persistence, the authors focus on meeting the needs of weak students and recommend the following actions for student persistence: add a time management and study skills component to existing courses for students to practise; appoint advisors to distance learning students to help them create an appropriate study plan and acquire a sense of belonging; make learning videos short and engaging; consider adopting student leaders or peer tutors that have been used successfully in full-time study; and conduct focus periodically with students to hear their views.

Originality/value
This study revealed the factors contributing to student persistence in ODL for the students of various levels of study performance. The results help in formulating measures to meet the diverse needs of ODL students for persistence in their studies.
Overtourism and the night-time economy: a case study of Budapest
Authors: Pinke-Sziva Ivett , Smith Melanie , Olt Gergely , Berezvai Zombor 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the phenomenon of overtourism with specific reference to the night-time economy (NTE) in Budapest, Hungary.Design/methodology/approachThe research took place between September and December 2017 in the so-called “party quarter” of Budapest – District VII. The chosen methods included mapping, observation, interviews and questionnaires with local residents, visitors and tourists.FindingsPartying opportunities are valued highly by tourists and the majority of customers in the bars are tourists. Many people feel that there are too many tourists in the area, although few had a bad experience with tourists. The most common complaints were the dirt and litter, public urination, street crime and noise. Most respondents would welcome a better cleaning service, more bins, more police, more public toilets and better street lighting.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was not undertaken in the high season, older residents were slightly under-represented and wider research across the whole city would give a more balanced perspective.Practical implicationsRecommendations are made for managing the NTE better in order to improve the experience of tourists and visitors and to improve the local resident quality of life.Social implicationsIt is hoped that this research may prompt local authorities to take local resident perceptions and experiences into account by creating better management measures and regulations.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to provide data from the perspective of three main stakeholder groups in the context of the NTE in Budapest.
Mind your metaphors: early warning signals when rolling out strategy
Authors: Jonczyk Sédès Claudia 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
While metaphors are widely used in strategy teaching and development, this study aims to present an approach how to benefit from metaphor analysis in strategy implementation. The authors find that metaphors used by organizational actors in strategy implementation processes carry a great range of implicit meanings and tacit knowledge that – when made explicit and critically examined – may serve as early warning signals to anticipate difficult or problematic developments in the strategy rollout phase.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted narrative interviews with the main protagonists involved in the implementation of a strategic knowledge management project for the sales force of a multinational telecommunication solution provider. The data collected resulted in the surfacing of distinct groups of metaphors used by different organizational groups at different phases of the project implementation.

Findings
The metaphor analysis showed that metaphors not only reflect but also foreshadow project developments, and thereby reveal organizational conflicts that may erupt at later stages of the strategy implementation. Learning through metaphors can be realized through a sensitization to the detrimental effects of particular metaphors, as well as through the revelation of inconsistencies between the metaphors used and the exposed behaviors.

Research limitations/implications
The study is an in-depth case study of a strategy implementation project in one organization. While the findings are related to the particular case context, the methodological approach to use metaphor analysis as an early warning signal in strategy implementation can be replicated for strategy implementation processes in general.

Practical implications
Organizations may use metaphor analysis as a tool to calibrate to what extent their strategy implementation is aligned with initial strategic objectives. Metaphor analysis will be particularly helpful to check if there is an alignment in the implementation approach between different organizational groups. Such analysis can serve as an early warning signal for the strategy implementation phase.

Originality/value
The approach provides an inexpensive but very effective way of anticipating problematic project developments and unforeseen difficult collaborations during strategy implementation processes. With its focus on metaphors, it captures implicit meanings and connotations that business languages tend to filter out, yet that play a powerful role for enabling or obstructing strategy implementation.
How social media can fuel innovation in businesses: a strategic roadmap
Authors: Barlatier Pierre-Jean , Mention Anne-Laure 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to present a framework to guide managerial action for social media (SM) strategies for innovation by exploring its constituent elements – the “what” (SM types), the “who” (stakeholders to be reached), the “for” (innovation types) and the “how” (innovation process stages), as well as the value, benefits and barriers.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive and critical review of literature at the intersection of SM and innovation guides the development of a typology of SM types and their use across innovation types and stages.FindingsSM type and use tend to differ across innovation processes. The authors identify four types of SM in use across four stages of innovation, supporting six types of innovation, influenced by five categories of barriers, benefits and stakeholders each.Research limitations/implicationsThe research provides an integrative set of building blocks to consider for developing further studies of SM and innovation.Practical implicationsBy highlighting the intertwined aspects of SM and innovation in an open and collaborative environment, the paper calls for development of an SM readiness organisational diagnosis. It empowers managers with a coherent framework of different elements they should take into consideration when defining their SM strategies for innovation.Originality/valueResearch on SM adoption and the extent of its usage for innovation purposes is still at its infancy. Given the increasingly open and collaborative innovation settings, the authors draw managerial attention to the need of SM strategies for innovation activities and provide a coherent analytical framework to guide action for organisational diagnosis.
How patents became documents, or dreaming of technoscientific order, 1895-1937
Authors: Hemmungs Wirtén Eva 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how the documentation movement associated with the utopian thinkers Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine relied on patent offices as well as the documents most closely associated with this institutional setting – the patents themselves – as central to the formation of the document category. The main argument is that patents not only were subjected to and helped construct, but also in fact engineered the development of technoscientific order during 1895–1937.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on an interdisciplinary approach to intellectual property, document theory and insights from media archeology. Focused on the historical period 1895–1937, this study allows for an analysis that encapsulates and accounts for change in a number of comparative areas, moving from bibliography to documentation and from scientific to technoscientific order. Primary sources include Paul Otlet’s own writings, relevant contemporary sources from the French documentation movement and theCongrès Mondial de la documentation universellein 1937.FindingsBy understanding patent offices and patents as main drivers behind those processes of sorting and classification that constitute technoscientific order, this explorative paper provides a new analytical framework for the study of intellectual property in relation to the history of information and documentation. It argues that the idea of the document may serve to rethink the role of the patent in technoscience, offering suggestions for new and underexplored venues of research in the nexus of several overlapping research fields, from law to information studies.Originality/valueDebates over the legitimacy and rationale of intellectual property have raged for many years without signs of abating. Universities, research centers, policy makers, editors and scholars, research funders, governments, libraries and archives all have things to say on the legitimacy of the patent system, its relation to innovation and the appropriate role of intellectual property in research and science, milieus that are of central importance in the knowledge-based economy. The value of this paper lies in proposing a new way to approach patents that could show a way out of the current analytical gridlock of either/or that for many years has earmarked the “openness-enclosure” dichotomy. The combination of intellectual property scholarship and documentation theory provides important new insight into the historical networks and processes by which patents and documents have consolidated and converged during the twentieth century.
Culturally responsive practices for teacher candidates: a neighborhood treasure hunt
Authors: Johnson Velma , Carpenter Jan , Richards Centae , Vincent Kathleen Brennan 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how, and to what degree, culturally responsive field experiences influence the knowledge, beliefs, perspectives and abilities of teacher candidates in an educator preparation program (EPP).

Design/methodology/approach
Researchers conducted a mixed methods study using a pre-/post-Likert scale survey regarding pre-service teacher beliefs, reflections, Professional Learning Communities (PLC) meetings and observations by the researchers.

Findings
Teacher candidates expressed greater confidence in their ability to perform culturally responsive tasks by the end of their first field experience, but also indicated ambivalence toward the importance of those tasks.

Research limitations/implications
The paper’s limitations include the small number of participants, the short timeframe of the study and it was year one implementation of a new model.

Practical implications
A community mapping experience called the Neighborhood Treasure Hunt (NTH), in conjunction with the other components of the educator preparation program, impacted teacher candidates’ understanding of culturally responsive teaching practices, their perception of their ability to perform them and the importance of culturally responsive teaching. Each program component is necessary to raise awareness and effect change.

Originality/value
Based on the research of Ladson-Billings (1994) and Author 1 (2007), the NTH was intentionally integrated into the field experience component. Author 1 (2007) was involved in this process adding integrity, authenticity and originality to the research study with teacher candidates in an EPP.
Cross-country differences in new service development
Authors: Valtakoski Aku , Reynoso Javier , Maranto Daniel , Edvardsson Bo , Maravillo Cabrera Egren 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test how national culture may help to explain cross-country differences in new service development (NSD) by comparing the impact of NSD success factors between Mexico and Sweden.Design/methodology/approachEight hypotheses based on prior literature on NSD and national culture were tested using covariance-based structural equation modeling and survey data from 210 Mexican and 173 Swedish firms.FindingsLaunch proficiency and customer interaction had a positive impact on NSD performance with no difference between the two cultures. NSD process formalization did not have clear positive impact on NSD performance but had a statistically significantly stronger impact in the structured culture (Mexico). Team empowerment affected NSD performance positively, but the difference between cultures was non-significant.Research limitations/implicationsThe impact of national culture depends on the type of NSD success factor. Some factors are unaffected by the cultural context, while factors congruent with the national culture enhance performance. Factors incongruent with national culture may even hurt NSD performance.Practical implicationsWhen choosing priorities in NSD improvement, managers need to consider the national culture environment.Originality/valuePaper directly tests how national culture moderates NSD performance using primary data. Findings suggest that the effects of NSD success factors are contingent on congruence with national culture.