bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Measuring Method for the Determination of Bisulfite and Sulfite in Seawater
Authors: Birkmann Jan , Pasel Christoph , Luckas Michael , Bathen Dieter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn conventional reverse osmosis processes for seawater desalination, a disinfection of the process stream with chlorine compounds is carried out for antifouling. After disinfection the reduction agent Na2S2O5 is used for the removal of residual chlorine in a strongly overstoichiometric way in order to protect the membranes from oxidational damages. To save chemicals a controlled dosing of Na2S2O5 based on a reliable concentration measurement is desirable. Therefore, a measuring method for the determination of the sulfur(IV) components bisulfite and sulfite in seawater is developed based on the combination of UV spectroscopy and a PLS regression method. Experimental results as well as the development of the regression model for sulfur species in ultrapure and seawater is described.
Acid Extraction from Liquid Phase Pyrolysis Oil Using Cyanex®923 and Subsequent Solvent Regeneration
Authors: Painer Daniela , Treusch Klara , Schwaiger Nikolaus , Weiß Tanja , Pucher Peter , Siebenhofer Matthäus 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLiquid phase pyrolysis (LPP) oil, an intermediate from biofuel production using second‐generation biomass, is a promising source of biobased platform chemicals like acetic acid, however, displaying a complex, multicomponent mixture. Reactive extraction with Cyanex®923 was investigated for selective recovery of acids and subsequent solvent regeneration in distillation at 200 mbar. In a three‐stage extraction 81 % of acids were removed from the LPP oil without loss of Cyanex®923 to the raffinate. Solvent regeneration efficiency of acids was up to 99.7 % with mainly acids and water in the distillate.
Differential expression of secretagogin immunostaining in the hippocampal formation and the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices of humans, rats, and mice
Authors: Tapia‐González Silvia , Insausti Ricardo , DeFelipe Javier 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSecretagogin (SCGN) is a recently discovered calcium‐binding protein belonging to the group of EF‐hand calcium‐binding proteins. SCGN immunostaining has been described in various regions of the human, rat and mouse brain. In these studies, it has been reported that, in general, the patterns of SCGN staining differ between rodents and human brains. These differences have been interpreted as uncovering phylogenetic differences in SCGN expression. Nevertheless, an important aspect that is not usually taken into account is that different methods are used for obtaining and processing brain tissue coming from humans and experimental animals. This is a critical issue since it has been shown that post‐mortem time delay and the method of fixation (i.e., perfused vs. nonperfused brains) may influence the results of the immunostaining. Thus, it is not clear whether differences found in comparative studies with the human brain are simply due to technical factors or species‐specific differences. In the present study, we analyzed the pattern of SCGN immunostaining in the adult human hippocampal formation (DG, CA1, CA2, CA3, subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum) as well as in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. This pattern of immunostaining was compared with rat and mouse that were fixed either by perfusion or immersion and with different post‐mortem time delays (up to 5 hr) to mimic the way the human brain tissue is usually processed. We found a number of clear similarities and differences in the pattern of labeling among the human, rat, and mouse in these brain regions as well as between the different brain regions examined within each species. These differences were not due to the fixation.
Quantum‐behaved RS‐PSO‐LSSVM method for quality prediction in parts production processes
Authors: Yingying Su , Lianjuan Han , Jianan Wang , Huimin Wang 
Published: September 2019

SummaryQuality control in the production process is the core of the enterprise to ensure product quality, and quality prediction is the key link of quality control and quality management. Aiming at the quality prediction of parts in the production process, a product quality prediction model is established. In this model, Rough Set (RS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) are applied to solve the problem of product quality prediction and a RS‐PSO‐LSSVM synthesis algorithm is established. First, the 5M1E analysis of production process for parts is carried out, and the index system of influencing factors is established. Based on this index system, the condition attributes and decision attributes of RS are determined, in which RS is used to the reduction to extract rules and the optimal condition attribute value is obtained, which is used as the pre‐processing of LSSVM input data. Second, in order to improve the learning and generalization ability of LSSVM, PSO is used to optimize the relevant parameters and find the optimal solution. Finally, an example is given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the product quality prediction model and the RS‐PSO‐LSSVM comprehensive algorithm established above, and the prediction accuracy is higher than that of the RS‐LSSVM algorithm.
Early exposure to a methyl donor supplemented diet and the development of repetitive motor behavior in a mouse model
Authors: Muehlmann Amber M. , Bliznyuk Nikolay , Duerr Isaac , Yang Thomas P. , Lewis Mark H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMotor behaviors that are repetitive and exhibit little variability in form are common in neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder). C58 mice exhibit persistent, high levels of repetitive motor behavior when reared in restricted, but not enriched, environments implicating epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation). We sought to determine if alteration of DNA methylation played a role in the development of repetitive behavior in C58 mice. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that early exposure (in utero and preweaning) to a methyl donor supplemented diet would alter the developmental trajectory of repetitive behavior. Such dietary exposure resulted in significant attenuation of repetitive motor behavior development, persisting through early adulthood. This was despite mice being housed in standard cages and maintained on a standard diet, postweaning. Early exposure to methyl donor supplementation not only affected the frequency of repetitive behavior but also its temporal structure, resulting in more variable patterns of repetitive behavior. Early exposure to the diet was also shown to induce long‐lasting increases in DNA methylation in brain tissue of female mice. The role for alterations in DNA methylation in this model may be one mechanism accounting for the robust effects of the environment on the development of repetitive behavior.
Kv2.1 voltage‐gated potassium channels in developmental perspective
Authors: Jędrychowska Justyna , Korzh Vladimir 
Published: September 2019

AbstractKv2.1 voltage‐gated potassium channels consist of two types of α‐subunits: (a) electrically‐active Kcnb1 α‐subunits and (b) silent or modulatory α‐subunits plus β‐subunits that, similar to silent α‐subunits, also regulate electrically‐active subunits. Voltage‐gated potassium channels were traditionally viewed, mainly by electrophysiologists, as regulators of the electrical activity of the plasma membrane in excitable cells, a role that is performed by transmembrane protein domains of α‐subunits that form the electric pore. Genetic studies revealed a role for this region of α‐subunits of voltage‐gated potassium channels in human neurodevelopmental disorders, such as epileptic encephalopathy. The N‐ and C‐terminal domains of α‐subunits interact to form the cytoplasmic subunit of heterotetrameric potassium channels that regulate electric pores. Subsequent animal studies revealed the developmental functions of Kcnb1‐containing voltage‐gated potassium channels and illustrated their role during brain development and reproduction. These functions of potassium channels are discussed in this review in the context of regulatory interactions between electrically‐active and regulatory subunits.
Generation of Nanog reporter mice that distinguish pluripotent stem cells from unipotent primordial germ cells
Authors: Terada Maiko , Kawamata Masaki , Kimura Ryota , Sekiya Sayaka , Nagamatsu Go , Hayashi Katsuhiko , Horisawa Kenichi , Suzuki Atsushi 
Published: September 2019

SummaryNanog is a core transcription factor specifically expressed not only in the pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), embryonic germ cells (EGCs), and induced PSCs (iPSCs), but also in the unipotent primordial germ cells (PGCs). Although Nanog promoter/enhancer regions are well characterized by in vitro analyses, direct correlations between the regulatory elements for Nanog expression and in vivo expression patterns of Nanog have not been fully clarified. In this study, we generated Nanog‐RFP transgenic (Tg) mice in which expression of red fluorescent protein (RFP) is driven by a 5.2 kb Nanog promoter/enhancer region. As expected, RFP was expressed in the inner cell mass of blastocysts, ESCs, and iPSCs. However, RFP fluorescence was not observed in PGCs, although Nanog was expressed in PGCs. Because RFP fluorescence was visible in the PGC‐derived pluripotent EGCs in culture, it was suggested that the reporter gene expression was specifically activated in PSCs. In conclusion, we have generated a novel Nanog‐RFP Tg mouse line that can selectively tag PSCs over unipotent PGCs.
Population genetic structure, migration, and polyploidy origin of a medicinal species Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Cucurbitaceae)
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Su Hailun , Yang Jia , Feng Li , Li Zhonghu , Zhao Guifang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGynostemma pentaphyllum, a member of family Cucurbitaceae, is a perennial creeping herb used as a traditional medicinal plant in China. In this study, six polymorphic nSSR and four EST‐SSR primers were used to genotype 1,020 individuals in 72 wild populations of G. pentaphyllum. The genetic diversity and population structure were investigated, and ecological niche modeling was performed to reveal the evolution and demographic history of its natural populations. The results show that G. pentaphyllum has a low level of genetic diversity and high level of variation among populations because of pervasive asexual propagation, genetic drift, and long‐term habitat isolation. Results of the Mantel test demonstrate that the genetic distance and geographic distance are significantly correlated among G. pentaphyllum natural populations. The populations can be divided into two clusters on the basis of genetic structure. Asymmetrical patterns of historical gene flow were observed among the clusters. For the contemporary, almost all the bidirectional gene flow of the related pairs was symmetrical with slight differences. Recent bottlenecks were experienced by 34.72% of the studied populations. The geographic range of G. pentaphyllum continues to expand northward and eastward from Hengduan Mountains. The present distribution of G. pentaphyllum is a consequence of its complex evolution. Polyploidy in G. pentaphyllum is inferred to be polygenetic. Finally, G. pentaphyllum is a species in need of protection, so in situ and ex situ measures should be considered in the future.
Population structure and spatial ecology of Kordofan giraffe in Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: D'haen Mathias , Fennessy Julian , Stabach Jared A. , Brandlová Karolína 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Population numbers of Kordofan giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum) have declined throughout its range by more than 85% in the last three decades, including in the isolated easternmost population found in the Garamba National Park (NP) in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

We provide new data on the conservation status and ecology of Kordofan giraffe in Garamba NP, specifically on the current population dynamics, distribution patterns, and spatial ecology for informed conservation management decisions.

Data were gathered between September 26, 2016, and August 17, 2017, through direct observation and from eight GPS satellite collars deployed in early 2016. Movements, distribution patterns, and autocorrelated kernel density home ranges were estimated using the Continuous‐Time Movement Modeling (CTMM) framework. We then compared results with home ranges calculated using the kernel density estimation (95% KDE) method.

The Garamba NP population was estimated to be 45 giraffe with a female‐dominated sex ratio (35% males; 65% females), and adult‐dominated age class ratio (11.2% juveniles; 17.7% subadults; 71.1% adults). The giraffe's distribution was limited to the south‐central sector of the Park, and giraffe were divided over different areas with some degree of connectivity. The average giraffe home range size was 934.3 km2 using AKDE and 268.8 km2 using KDE. Both methods have shown surprisingly large home ranges despite of the relatively high humidity of Garamba NP.

Based on the outcomes of this research, urgent conservation action is needed to protect Garamba's remaining giraffe population.
Tightly linked antagonistic-effect loci underlie polygenic phenotypic variation inC. elegans
Authors: Bernstein Max R. , Zdraljevic Stefan , Andersen Erik C. , Rockman Matthew V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent work has provided strong empirical support for the classic polygenic model for trait variation. Population-based findings suggest that most regions of genome harbor variation affecting most traits. Here, we use the approach of experimental genetics to show that, indeed, most genomic regions carry variants with detectable effects on growth and reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans populations sensitized by nickel stress. Nine of 15 adjacent intervals on the X chromosome, each encompassing ∼0.001 of the genome, have significant effects when tested individually in near-isogenic lines (NILs). These intervals have effects that are similar in magnitude to those of genome-wide significant loci that we mapped in a panel of recombinant inbred advanced intercross lines (RIAILs). If NIL-like effects were randomly distributed across the genome, the RIAILs would exhibit phenotypic variance that far exceeds the observed variance. However, the NIL intervals are arranged in a pattern that significantly reduces phenotypic variance relative to a random arrangement; adjacent intervals antagonize one another, cancelling each other's effects. Contrary to the expectation of small additive effects, our findings point to large-effect variants whose effects are masked by epistasis or linkage disequilibrium between alleles of opposing effect.
Elevated incidence of head and neck cancer in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Mowery Alia J. , Conlin Michael J. , Clayburgh Daniel R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSolid organ transplant recipients are known to be at an increased risk of cancer development, but research on head and neck cancer in transplant recipients has been limited and prior risk assessments may not be accurate.MethodsA retrospective review using a national Veterans Administration database to query outpatient problem lists for ICD codes indicating solid organ transplant and subsequent diagnosis of head and neck cancer.ResultsIn a study of 30 939 656 patients (37 969 solid organ transplants and 113 995 head and neck cancers), history of transplant significantly predicted head and neck cancer, with relative risks ranging from 1.85 (thyroid) to 2.91 (salivary gland). Worse overall survival (OS) was seen for head and neck cancer patients with prior transplants.ConclusionsIn a large case‐control study, prior transplant was a risk factor for head and neck cancer development and worse OS for head and neck cancer patients.
Free flap salvage from venous thrombosis by creation of a venocutaneous fistula: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sethia Rishabh , Allarakhia Zahir , Puram Sidharth , Kang Stephen , Ozer Enver , Agrawal Amit , Carrau Ricardo , Rocco James , Old Matthew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundVenous congestion is the most frequently reported complication of free flap tissue transfer in head and neck patient with cancer. Numerous methods are utilized and prompt correction is necessary to prevent flap failure.MethodsA 77‐year‐old woman underwent oral cavity resection and neck dissection for squamous cell carcinoma followed by radial forearm free flap for reconstruction. Three days later, the flap became congested and surgical exploration revealed extensive venous thrombosis throughout the free flap venous system and internal jugular vein. The flap vein was evacuated and flowing, and a venocutaneous fistula was created thereafter.ResultsVenocutaneous fistula resulted in flap decongestion and successful salvage. The patient was discharged from the hospital with no further flap or surgical complications.ConclusionWhen anatomical revision of the venous anastomosis is not feasible in a venous‐congested free flap, the creation of a venocutaneous fistula should be considered as a viable option for salvage.
EXPLORE: A Prospective, Multinational, Natural History Study of Patients with Acute Hepatic Porphyria with Recurrent Attacks
Authors: Gouya Laurent , Ventura Paolo , Balwani Manisha , Bissell D. Montgomery , Rees David C. , Stölzel Ulrich , Phillips John D. , Kauppinen Raili , Langendonk Janneke G. , Desnick Robert J. , Deybach Jean‐Charles , Bonkovsky Herbert L. , Parker Charles , Naik Hetanshi , Badminton Michael , Stein Penelope E. , Minder Elisabeth , Windyga Jerzy , Bruha Radan , Cappellini Maria Domenica , Sardh Eliane , Harper Pauline , Sandberg Sverre , Aarsand Aasne K. , Andersen Janice , Alegre Félix , Ivanova Aneta , Talbi Neila , Chan Amy , Querbes William , Ko John , Penz Craig , Liu Shangbin , Lin Tim , Simon Amy , Anderson Karl E. 
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims
Acute hepatic porphyria comprises a group of rare genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes involved in heme biosynthesis. Patients can experience acute neurovisceral attacks, debilitating chronic symptoms, and long‐term complications. There is a lack of multinational, prospective data characterizing the disease and current treatment practices in severely affected patients.

Approach and Results
EXPLORE is a prospective, multinational, natural history study characterizing disease activity and clinical management in patients with acute hepatic porphyria who experience recurrent attacks. Eligible patients had a confirmed acute hepatic porphyria diagnosis and had experienced ≥3 attacks in the prior 12 months or were receiving prophylactic treatment. A total of 112 patients were enrolled and followed for at least 6 months. In the 12 months before the study, patients reported a median (range) of 6 (0‐52) acute attacks, with 52 (46%) patients receiving hemin prophylaxis. Chronic symptoms were reported by 73 (65%) patients, with 52 (46%) patients experiencing these daily. During the study, 98 (88%) patients experienced a total of 483 attacks, 77% of which required treatment at a health care facility and/or hemin administration (median [range] annualized attack rate 2.0 [0.0‐37.0]). Elevated levels of hepatic δ‐aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 messenger ribonucleic acid levels, δ‐aminolevulinic acid, and porphobilinogen compared with the upper limit of normal in healthy individuals were observed at baseline and increased further during attacks. Patients had impaired quality of life and increased health care utilization.

Conclusions
Patients experienced attacks often requiring treatment in a health care facility and/or with hemin, as well as chronic symptoms that adversely influenced day‐to‐day functioning. In this patient group, the high disease burden and diminished quality of life highlight the need for novel therapies.
The development of emotional intelligence, self‐efficacy, and locus of control in Master of Business Administration students
Authors: Thompson Claire L. , Kuah Adrian T. H. , Foong Regina , Ng Eddy S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSuccessful managers must develop strong interpersonal skills alongside their ability to achieve personal and organizational goals. For educational institutions to stay relevant, courses must equip students with necessary psychological competencies in addition to technical knowledge, skills and abilities for the constantly evolving business climate. We explored whether Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs aid in the development of psychological competencies, given that MBAs are a popular management development tool. Specifically, we investigated changes in MBA candidates' emotional intelligence (EI) ability, self‐efficacy (SE), and locus of control (LoC) in a pre‐post survey design over the course of a 1‐year MBA educational program and explored the relationship of candidate's baseline psychological status to their academic success in the MBA educational program. Participants were recruited from newly enrolled students at an international university in Asia. The study participants (53 MBA students, plus 26 psychology students, and 34 nonstudents as comparison groups) completed self‐report measures of EI, SE, and LoC at the beginning and end of a 1‐year MBA period. The MBA candidates showed significant improvement in EI, SE, and LoC‐internality, as well as an increase in LoC‐powerful others during the program. LoC‐powerful others at the beginning of the program also predicted MBA students' academic performance. The findings provide evidence that psychological competencies that may positively affect work performance are key benefits of MBA education.
The potential role of regulatory microRNAs of RAS/MAPK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Soleimani Atena , Rahmani Farzad , Saeedi Nikoo , Ghaffarian Rana , Khazaei Majid , Ferns Gordon A. , Avan Amir , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Dysregulation of RAS/MAPK signaling axis is frequently found in CRC patients. The RAS/MAPK axis regulates cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, migration, and metastasis. Oncogenic or tumor‐suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) for RAS/MAPK signaling play a key role in the pathogenesis of CRC and are considered as novel potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of human malignancies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mechanisms of action of RAS/MAPK miRNAs in the development and progression of CRC for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.