bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the trabecular meshwork length between open and closed angle with evaluation of the scleral spur location
Authors: Choi Wungrak , Lee Min woo , Kang Hyun Goo , Lee Hye Sun , Bae Hyoung Won , Kim Chan Yun , Seong Gong Je 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study analysed the trabecular meshwork (TM) length in open and closed angle patients and presented a better method for locating the scleral spur using Schwalbe’s line method in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Patients who underwent AS-OCT at Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital we enrolled; 58 and 57 open and closed angle eyes, respectively. We measured the distance from the scleral spur to Schwalbe’s line as the TM length and compared it between open and closed angle patients, and to previous studies. TM length was applied to locate the scleral spur using Schwalbe’s line method. Mean TM lengths were 811 ± 83 μm and 575 ± 96 μm in the open and closed angle groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Comparing the actual TM heights using Schwalbe’s line method with an updated reference distance significantly increased accuracy to locate the scleral spur (open: 811 μm, closed: 575 μm) when compared with the 1000 μm reference distance (p < 0.001). TM length was significantly different between open and closed angle patients. Further, the reference distance for Schwalbe’s line method should be distinguished according to open and closed angle eyes in order that the scleral spur can be located properly.
Nanostraw membrane stamping for direct delivery of molecules into adhesive cells
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Shi Yiming , Miyamoto Daisuke , Nakazawa Koji , Miyake Takeo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDelivering ions and molecules into living cells has become an important challenge in medical and biological fields. Conventional molecular delivery, however, has several issues such as physical and chemical damage to biological cells. Here, we present a method of directly delivering molecules into adhesive cells with an Au-based nanostraw membrane stamp that can physically inject a target molecule into the cytoplasm through a nanostraw duct. We successfully delivered calcein target molecules into adhesive cells with high efficiency (85%) and viability (90%). Furthermore, we modeled the molecular flow through Au nanostraws and then demonstrated the control of calcein flow by changing the concentration and geometry of Au nanostraws. Our Au membrane stamping provides a new way of accessing the cytoplasm to modulate cellular functions via injected molecules.
Increased biomass and lipid production of Ettlia sp. YC001 by optimized C and N sources in heterotrophic culture
Authors: Kim Minsik , Lee Bongsoo , Kim Hee Su , Nam Kibok , Moon Myounghoon , Oh Hee-Mock , Chang Yong Keun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe culture conditions and media composition for the heterotrophic culture of an axenic strain of Ettlia sp. YC001 were firstly optimized using the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The strain successfully showed higher productivity in the basal media without any light illumination at 32.2 to 33.3 °C. The PBD results showed that the most effective components for biomass productivity of Ettlia sp. were fructose and yeast extract for sources of C and N, respectively. The RSM results showed an optimal level of 72.2 g/L for fructose and 21.5 g/L for yeast extract, resulting in 46.1 g/L biomass with a lipid content of 13.8% over a course of 9 days. Using a 5 L scaled-up fermentation system for 6 days, the production of biomass and lipids was 7.21 g/L/day and 1.18 g/L/day, respectively. Consequently, heterotrophic cultivation of Ettlia sp. YC001 provided much higher production of biomass and lipids than those of autotrophic cultivation. As further research, the use of substitute substrates instead of fructose and yeast extract should be developed to reduce production costs.
Cost-effective fibrinolytic enzyme production by Bacillus subtilis WR350 using medium supplemented with corn steep powder and sucrose
Authors: Wu Rui , Chen Guiguang , Pan Shihan , Zeng Jingjing , Liang Zhiqun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study was to develop a cheap and simple medium and to optimize fermentation parameters for fibrinolytic enzyme production by Bacillus subtilis WR350. A low-cost medium containing 35 g/L sucrose, 20 g/L corn steep powder and 2 g/L MgSO4·7H2O was developed via single-factor and orthogonal experiments. A cheap nitrogen source, corn steep powder, was used to replace the soy peptone present in the initial medium. The highest fibrinolytic activity of 5865 U/mL was achieved using the optimized medium in a 100-L fermenter with an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm and an agitation speed of 200 rpm. The resulting enzyme yield was among the highest described in the literature with respect to fibrinolytic activity, as determined by the fibrin plate method. Techno-economic evaluation indicated that the cost of the optimized medium was only 8.5% of the cost of the initial medium, and the total fermentation cost of fibrinolytic enzyme production using the optimized medium was 23.35% of the cost of using the initial medium.
Physiological and pathological skeletal muscle T1 changes quantified using a fast inversion-recovery radial NMR imaging sequence
Authors: Marty Benjamin , Carlier Pierre G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe investigated the response of skeletal muscle global T1 under different physiological and pathological conditions using an inversion-recovery radial T1 mapping sequence. Thirty five healthy volunteers, seven patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and seven patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) were investigated in order to evaluate the effects of gender, age, muscle group, exercise and pathological processes on global T1 values. In addition, the intramuscular fat content was measured using 3-point Dixon and the global T2 and water T2 (T2H2O) were determined with a multi-spin-echo sequence. In the muscles of healthy volunteers, there was no impact of age on global T1. However, we measured a significant effect of sex and muscle group. After exercise, a significant 7.7% increase of global T1 was measured in the recruited muscles, and global T1 variations were highly correlated to T2H2O variations (R = 0.91). In pathologies, global T1 values were reduced in fat infiltrated muscles. When fat fraction was taken into account, global T1 values were higher in IBM patients compared to BMD. Global T1 variations are a sensitive indicator of tissue changes in skeletal muscle related to several physiological and pathological events.
Molecular insight into the lower critical solution temperature transition of aqueous alkyl phosphonium benzene sulfonates
Authors: Kang Hyungmook , Suich David E. , Davies James F. , Wilson Aaron D. , Urban Jeffrey J. , Kostecki Robert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIonic liquid (IL)-water mixtures can exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transition, but changes in long-range order and local molecular environment during this transition are not comprehensively understood. Here we show that in IL-H2O LCST mixtures, the IL forms loosely held aggregate structures that grow in size leading up to a critical temperature, whereas the aggregation of a fully miscible aqueous mixture, obtained by minor chemical modification of the anion, decreases with increasing temperature. Radial distribution functions from molecular dynamics simulations support the observation of aggregation phenomena in the IL-H2O mixtures. A local molecular structure of the ions is derived from multi-dimensional NMR experiments in conjunction with reported molecular dynamics simulations. In addition to considerable shifts of water’s hydrogen bonding network in the fully miscible phase, by NMR we observe the anion’s protons response to the intermolecular thermal environment and the intramolecular environment and find that the responses are determined by the sulfonate ionic functional group.
Pressure-induced magnetovolume effect in CoCrFeAl high-entropy alloy
Authors: Liu Lei , Huang Shuo , Vitos Levente , Dong Minjie , Bykova Elena , Zhang Dongzhou , Almqvist Bjarne S. G. , Ivanov Sergey , Rubensson Jan-Erik , Varga Bela , Varga Lajos K. , Lazor Peter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh-entropy alloys (HEAs) composed of multiple-principal elements with (nearly) equimolar ratio establish a new conceptual framework for alloy design and hold a promise for extensive applications in industry, akin to the controlled expansion alloys (CEAs), such as Invar alloys. Spontaneously, one question emerges - would it be possible to synthesize a novel class of alloys combining the virtues of both CEAs and HEAs? Here, we report the pressure-induced magnetovolume effect in the body-centered-cubic CoCrFeAl HEA coupled with magnetic phase transitions from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic, and to non-magnetic states, originating from the successive collapses of local magnetic moments of Co and Fe. The observed magnetovolume anomalies, occurring in a progressive way, tailor appreciably the coefficient of thermal expansion of CoCrFeAl. These results further strengthen HEAs’ anticipated potential for designing multifunctional materials in virtue of their multiple outstanding properties, and reveal possible routes for their future synthesis.
Impact of Tai Chi Exercise on Balance Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Huang Hsin-Wei , Nicholson Nannette , Thomas Sheila 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Tai chi is receiving increasing research attention with its benefit of improving flexibility and balance. The objective of this review was to examine the evidence concerning the impact of tai chi as a practical therapy for vestibular rehabilitation on individuals with balance and vestibular disorders.

Method
A systematic review using 4 electronic databases was conducted. Randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies were included.

Results
Four studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for data analysis. Results indicate positive effect of tai chi practice on dynamic postural stability in balance of its practitioners.

Conclusion
Tai chi may be a useful therapy as for vestibular rehabilitation as it improves dynamic balance control and flexibility of individuals with balance and vestibular disorders.
Die neue (Muster-)Weiterbildungsordnung 2018 für das Fachgebiet Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin
Authors: Liebl Max Emanuel , Beyer Joachim , Deventer Angela , Glaesener Jean Jacques , Lange Uwe , Lemhöfer Christina , Mau Wilfried , Pioch Erdmute , Reißhauer Anett , Schwarzkopf Susanne Roswitha , Smolenski Ulrich Christian , Winkelmann Andreas , Gutenbrunner Christoph 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Vorstand der Bundesärztekammer hat auf der Basis der Beschlüsse der Deutschen Ärztetage die neue (Muster-)Weiterbildungsordnung (MWBO) verabschiedet. Die MWBO des Fachgebietes Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin wurde dabei von der gemeinsamen Arbeitsgruppe Weiterbildung von DGPRM und BVPRM mitgestaltet. Inhaltliche Hauptziele der Novellierung waren dabei die Stärkung der akutmedizinischen sowie der sozialmedizinischen Kompetenz des PRM-Facharztes. Konzeptuell stand die Abbildung der Weiterbildung in Form von Kompetenzen im Vordergrund. Auch die Zusatzweiterbildungen Physikalische Therapie, Balneologie und Medizinische Klimatologie sowie Rehabilitationswesen wurden reformiert. Die rechtlich verbindlichen Weiterbildungsordnungen werden auf Ebene der Landesärztekammern implementiert.
Insulin Resistance in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes is Associated with Lower Vitamin D Serum Concentration
Authors: Kamiński Mikołaj , Uruska Aleksandra , Rogowicz-Frontczak Anita , Lipski Dawid , Niedźwiecki Paweł , Różańska Olga , Skonieczna Paulina , Michalska Anna , Flotyńska Justyna , Araszkiewicz Aleksandra , Uruski Paweł , Pawlak Regina , Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz Dorota 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Aim Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disease characterized by an absolute deficiency of endogenous insulin secretion. Insulin resistance (IR) may develop among patients with T1DM. Vitamin D deficiency was reported to be a risk factor in the development of IR. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and IR among patients with T1DM.
Methods The test group consisted of 110 adult patients [males=65 (59%)] with T1DM. Participants were recruited in Poland between 1st October and 30th April in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. VD serum level was assessed by ELISA array. IR was assessed by estimated Glucose Disposal Rate (eGDR).
Results In the study group 21 (19%) patients were recognized as IR according to eGDR cut-offs (<7.5 mg/kg/min), 52 (47.3%) patients had VD deficiency (25(OH)D<20 ng/ml), 16 (14.5%) patients had 25(OH)D<10 ng/ml. Only 6 (5%) participants reported VD supplementation. Patients with IR, according to eGDR cut-off revealed significantly lower 25(OH)D serum level 15.7 (9.2–28.4) vs. 22.1 (13.0–38.4) ng/ml; p=0.04 as compared to patients without IR. R Spearman analysis found a positive relationship between VD and eGDR (Rs=0.27; p<0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed significant relationship between the presence of IR and VD serum level/presence of 25(OH)D serum level below 10 ng/ml, both models adjusted to sex, age, BMI, LDL and triglycerides, accordingly (OR=0.95, CI: 0.90–0.99; p=0.04) and (OR=4.19, CI: 1.04–16.93; p=0.04).
Conclusion The serum concentration of Vitamin D is negatively associated with insulin resistance in patients with T1DM and may have clinical implications.
A Review of Pedicled Perforator Flaps for Reconstruction of the Soft Tissue Defects of the Leg and Foot
Authors: Low O-Wern , Sebastin Sandeep J. , Cheah Andre E. J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLower extremity soft tissue defects frequently result from high-energy trauma or oncological resection. The lack of suitable muscle flap options for the distal leg and foot makes defects in these locations especially challenging to reconstruct and free tissue transfer is commonly used. Another option that has become more popular in the past two decades are pedicled perforator flaps. Based on a thorough literature review and the authors’ experience on leg perforator flaps for over a decade, this article presents a historical review, the anatomical basis of common perforator flaps of the leg and foot, patient selection, wound selection, perforator selection, flap design, surgical techniques, refinements, and postoperative care. A review of the clinical outcomes and complications of these flaps was also performed and was noted to be comparable to the outcomes of free tissue transfer with significantly lower total flap failure rate. It is hoped that this review will assist surgeons in the formulation of a comprehensive step-by-step guide in performing pedicled perforator flap reconstruction of the lower extremity.
Substrate complex competition is a regulatory motif that allows NFκB RelA to license but not amplify NFκB RelB
Authors: Mitchell Simon , Hoffmann Alexander 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Inflammation-responsive canonical NFκB induces many genes, two of which encode noncanonical NFκB pathway components that control developmental processes. This suggests potentially perilous cross-regulation by which inflammatory conditions could derail immune organ developmental decisions. We use mathematical modeling to propose a mechanism that functions as a brake on this connection. We report that the key enzyme mediating developmental NFκB is subject to competition from two forms of its single substrate. Termed substrate complex competition, this regulatory motif can lead to a counterintuitive decrease of signaling product in conditions of elevated substrate abundance. We propose that although noncanonical NFκB requires intact inflammatory NFκB signaling, substrate complex competition allows developmental signals to be reliably transduced without inappropriate amplification by inflammation.
Targeting RIPK1 for the treatment of human diseases
Authors: Degterev Alexei , Ofengeim Dimitry , Yuan Junying 
Published: May 2019

Significance
RIPK1 plays a critical role in mediating deleterious responses downstream of TNFR1. RIPK1 inhibitors have been progressed successfully past human phase I clinical studies. This paper discusses why RIPK1 inhibitors present an opportunity for developing oral drugs for a range of human degenerative and inflammatory diseases, especially CNS pathologies, including ALS, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and lysosomal storage diseases.
A victim of prudishness
Authors: Sydorenko Sergiy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOften excluded from Chaucer’s modernizations or heavily censored,The Miller’s Taleover the centuries has been stigmatized as bawdy, obscene and, as such, unfit for the general reader. The article briefly reviews the history of the modernization ofThe Miller’s Talein the 18th–19th centuries and focuses on its four major 20th-early 21st-century translations into modern English to find out how the motives of decency might have determined the translators’ choices where it concerns the tale’s explicit language. The argument of decency appears to be a lame excuse for the failure of many of Chaucer’s modernizers to understand the true purport and place ofThe Miller’s Talein the overall composition ofThe Canterbury Tales, as well as to appreciate Chaucer’s literary achievement in representing through his characters’ narratives the spirit and mindset of his age.
The role of magnetic order in VOCl
Authors: Ekholm M , Schönleber A , van Smaalen S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
VOCl and other transition metal oxychlorides are candidate materials for next-generation rechargeable batteries. We have investigated the influence of the underlying magnetic order on the crystallographic and electronic structure by means of density functional theory. Our study shows that antiferromagnetic ordering explains the observed low-temperature monoclinic distortion of the lattice, which leads to a decreased distance between antiferromagnetically coupled V–V nearest neighbors. We also show that the existence of a local magnetic moment removes the previously suggested degeneracy of the occupied levels, in agreement with experiments. To describe the electronic structure, it turns out crucial to take the correct magnetic ordering into account, especially at elevated temperature.
Electrostatic pair-potentials based on the Poisson equation
Authors: Stenqvist B 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Electrostatic pair-potentials within molecular simulations are often based on empirical data, cancellation of derivatives or moments, or statistical distributions of image-particles. In this work we start with the fundamental Poisson equation and show that no truncated Coulomb pair-potential, unsurprisingly, can solve the Poisson equation. For any such pair-potential the Poisson equation gives two incompatible constraints, yet we find a single unique expression which, pending two physically connected smoothness parameters, can obey either one of these. This expression has a general form which covers several recently published pair-potentials. For sufficiently large degree of smoothness we find that the solution implies a Gaussian distribution of the charge, a feature which is frequently assumed in pair-potential theory. We end up by recommending a single pair-potential based both on theoretical arguments and empirical evaluations of non-thermal lattice- and thermal water-systems. The same derivations have also been made for the screened Poisson equation, i.e. for Yukawa potentials, with a similar solution.
Quantum error correction with the semion code
Authors: Dauphinais G , Ortiz L , Varona S , Martin-Delgado M A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present a full quantum error correcting procedure with the semion code: an off-shell extension of the double-semion model. We construct open-string operators that recover the quantum memory from arbitrary errors and closed-string operators that implement the basic logical operations for information processing. Physically, the new open-string operators provide a detailed microscopic description of the creation of semions at their end-points. Remarkably, topological properties of the string operators are determined using fundamental properties of the Hamiltonian, namely, the fact that it is composed of commuting local terms squaring to the identity. In all, the semion code is a topological code that, unlike previously studied topological codes, it is of non-CSS type and fits into the stabilizer formalism. This is in sharp contrast with previous attempts yielding non-commutative codes.
The functional implications of tracheary connections across growth rings in four northern hardwood trees
Authors: Wason Jay W , Brodersen Craig R , Huggett Brett A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Deciduous angiosperm trees transport xylem sap through trunks and branches in vessels within annual growth rings. Utilizing previous growth rings for sap transport could increase vessel network size and redundancy but may expose new xylem to residual air embolisms in the network. Despite the important role of vessel networks in sap transport and drought resistance, our understanding of cross-ring connections within and between species is limited.

Methods
We studied cross-ring connections in four temperate deciduous trees using dye staining and X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) to detect xylem connectivity across growth rings and quantify their impact on hydraulic conductivity.

Key results
Acer rubrum and Fraxinus americana had cross-ring connections visible in microCT but only A. rubrum used previous growth rings for axial sap flow. Fagus grandifolia and Quercus rubra, however, did not have cross-ring connections. Accounting for the number of growth rings that function for axial transport improved hydraulic conductivity estimates.

Conclusions
These data suggest that the presence of cross-ring connections may help explain aspects of whole-tree xylem sap transport and should be considered for plant hydraulics measurements in these species and others with similar anatomy.
Y-Shaped En-Bloc Mortise-Tenon Rhinoplasty Technique
Authors: Tan Zheng , Sun Wentao , Yang Wenjing , Zhu Xiaoling , Dong Fan , Li Qin , Li Shengli 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Nasal tip management is the most important and challenging aspect of rhinoplasty. Costal cartilage can be utilized in septal extension grafting to effectively correct nasal shape deformity.

Objectives
The authors described their experience with costal cartilage grafting for septal extension utilizing a novel en-bloc mortise-tenon technique to correct primary or secondary nose deformity or to enhance nasal appearance in Asian patients.

Methods
From July 2015 to December 2017, costal cartilage grafts were applied as septal extension biomaterials utilizing the novel en-bloc mortise-tenon technique in 278 consecutive Asian rhinoplasty patients with primary (n = 95), secondary (n = 173), and tertiary (n = 10) nose deformity or in patients needing nasal reshaping. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 46 years. In all cases, the mucoperichondria of the nasal septum were dissected bilaterally from the septal cartilage. The prepared en-bloc costal cartilage graft was mounted onto the caudal portion of the septal cartilage and fixed to the septum with 5-0 polydioxanone sutures.

Results
The follow-up duration ranged from 10 months to 2.5 years. Of the 278 patients treated, 5 were male and 273 were female. External lengthening of the nose from the nasal root to the tip ranged from 3 to 10 mm. All patients except 1 were satisfied with the shape of the nose.

Conclusions
The authors obtained good aesthetic results utilizing the novel en-bloc mortise-tenon method for connecting costal cartilage grafts as septal extension materials in patients with different types of nasal deformity and in patients needing nose reshaping.

Level of Evidence: 4