bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandatory sex selection and mitochondrial transfer
Authors: Brandt Reuven 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Institute of Medicine has recently endorsed arguments put forward by John Appleby calling for mandatory sex selection against female offspring in the initial trials of mitochondrial replacement techniques. In this paper I argue that, despite this endorsement, the reasons offered by Appleby for mandatory sex selection are inadequate. I further argue that plausible revisions to Appleby's arguments still fail to convincingly defend such an intrusive policy. While I remain neutral about whether intending parents making use of mitochondrial replacement techniques ought to have access to sex selection, I conclude that to date the case for mandatory sex selection has not been satisfactorily made.
Contributions of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting to children's self‐regulation: Evidence from an adoption study
Authors: Bridgett David J. , Ganiban Jody M. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Shaw Daniel S. , Reiss David , Leve Leslie D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe origins of top‐down self‐regulation are attributed to genetic and socialization factors as evidenced by high heritability estimates from twin studies and the influential role of parenting. However, recent evidence suggests that parenting behavior itself is affected by parents’ own top‐down self‐regulation. Because children's top‐down self‐regulation is influenced by genetic factors and parenting is influenced by top‐down self‐regulation, the effects of parenting on children's top‐down self‐regulation identified in prior studies may partially reflect passive gene–environment correlation. The goal of this study was to examine parenting influences on children's top‐down self‐regulation using a longitudinal, adoption‐at‐birth design, a method of identifying parenting influences that are independent of the role of shared genetic influences on children's characteristics because adoptive parents are genetically unrelated to their adopted child. Participants (N = 361) included adoptive families and biological mothers of adopted children. Adoptive mothers’ and fathers’ harsh/negative parenting were assessed when children were 27 months of age and biological mothers’ top‐down self‐regulation was assessed when children were 54 months of age. Adopted children's top‐down self‐regulation was assessed when they were 54 and 72 months of age. Results, accounting for child gender, biological mother top‐down self‐regulation, and the potential evocative effects of adopted child anger, provide evidence that inherited influences and socialization processes uniquely contribute to children's top‐down self‐regulation. Furthermore, findings demonstrate the importance of both mother's and father's parenting behavior as an influence on young children's top‐down self‐regulation. The implications of these findings for understanding the complex mechanisms that influence children's top‐down self‐regulation are discussed.
A Needs and Readiness Assessment of the United States Refugee Resettlement Program: Focus on Syrian Asylum‐Seekers and Refugees
Authors: Utržan Damir , Wieling Elizabeth , Piehler Timothy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPeople fleeing from violence and persecution around the world view the United States (US) as a safe haven. But recent socio political instability and growing anti‐refugee sentiment, in light of an unprecedented global humanitarian crisis, challenge this longstanding view. To better understand the current socio political climate, this study evaluated the US Refugee Resettlement Program (USRP) by focusing on Syrian asylum‐seekers and refugees. Participants consisted of 71 resettlement organization leaders (e.g., chief operating officer and director of refugee services) who, between 2013 and 2016, collectively resettled 76 per cent of all refugees and 44 per cent of Syrians to the US. Reasons for current challenges are explored while strengths are emphasized and future directions offered, along with relevant policy and clinical implications.
Anatomical relevance of ablation to the pulmonary artery root: Clinical implications for characterizing the pulmonary sinus of Valsalva and coronary artery
Authors: Dong Xiaonan , Tang Min , Sun Qi , Zhang Shu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAblation within the pulmonary sinus of Valsalva (PSV) becomes increasingly common in certain ventricular outflow arrhythmia. Understanding the regional anatomy is intensively concerned to avoid procedure complications.PurposeTo describe the anatomic relationships of PSV to its adjacent structures using computed tomographic coronary angiograms (CTCA).MethodsWe studied 145 patients (77 males, age 47 ± 18 years) investigated for chest pain with CTCA. The relationships between the PSV and adjacent structures were described by analysis of 2‐dimensional images and 3‐dimensional reconstructions.ResultsThe left adjacent sinus (LAS) was located within 5 mm of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) in 67% cases (19% within 2 mm) and within 5 mm of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 87% (36% within 2 mm). The anterior sinus was within 5 mm of the LAD in 1% and out of 5 mm from LMCA in all cases. Note that 93% LAS was within 5 mm of the left aortic sinus of Valsalva (LASV) (within 2 mm in 27%), remaining 80% right adjacent sinus (RAS) within 5 mm from ascending aorta. The right coronary artery (RCA) was within 5 mm of the RAS/right ventricular outflow tract in 82% cases.ConclusionsBoth the left and RASs are intimately related to the aortic root. The LAS is more often close to LMCA, LAD, and the LASV. The anterior sinus is more frequently related to LAD than LMCA. This information may help heighten operator awareness of safety for increasingly performed complex procedures in this area.
Role of oestrogen and its receptors in HEV‐associated feto‐maternal outcomes
Authors: Singh Swati , Daga Mradul K. , Kumar Ashok , Husain Syed A. , Kar Premashis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPregnant women infected with HEV develops adverse pregnancy outcomes like, abortions, intrauterine fetal death, still births, neonatal deaths, preterm delivery and maternal mortality.AimTo correlate oestrogen and its receptors ESR1α and ESR2β levels with HEV‐associated feto‐maternal outcomes.Material & MethodsA total of 142 pregnant women with HEV infection and 142 pregnant controls were included in study from Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC) and associated Lok Nayak Hospital (LNH), New Delhi. Three millilitre of blood sample was collected in plain for quantification of oestrogen, and its receptors ESR1α and ESR2β using commercially available third‐generation ELISA kits.ResultsThe levels of oestrogen, ESR1α and ESR2β were considerably higher in HEV‐infected pregnant women (20.11 ± 18.19 ng/mL, 10.58 ± 3.27 ng/mL, 10.42 ± 4.71 ng/mL respectively) than pregnant controls (11.74 ± 6.42 ng/mL, 9.11 ± 1.63 ng/mL, 9.01 ± 1.18 ng/mL respectively)(P < 0.0001). It was found that oestrogen levels were significantly higher in pregnant women infected with HEV who had preterm delivery, low birth weight babies and fetal loss (19.64 ± 17.60 ng/mL, 19.71 ± 17.63 ng/mL, 33.62 ± 23.20 ng/mL respectively) than who had full term delivery, average birth weight babies and live babies (11.71 ± 8.77 ng/mL, 11.99 ± 9.44 ng/mL, 16.58 ± 14.98 ng/mL respectively)(P < 0.05). A significant negative correlation was observed between baby birth weight and oestrogen levels in HEV‐infected pregnant women.ConclusionThe high level of oestrogen plays an important role in preterm delivery, low birth weight babies and fetal mortality in pregnant women with HEV infection through placental dysfunction. Moreover, oestrogen level is a significant predictor for preterm delivery and maternal mortality and ESR2β levels is a significant predictor for maternal mortality in pregnant women infected with HEV.
Knowledge and Temperance in Plato'sCharmides
Authors: Clark Justin C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractToward the end of theCharmides, Socrates declares the search for temperance a ‘complete failure’ (175b2‐3). Despite this, commentators have suspected that the dialogue might contain an implicit answer about temperance. I propose a new interpretation: the dialogue implies that temperance is the knowledge of good and bad, when this knowledge is applied specifically to certain operations of the soul. This amounts to a kind of self‐knowledge; it also involves a kind of reflexivity, for it involves knowing about thevalueof one's knowledge. This positive reading, more than any other, makes sense of the dialogue's dramatic and dialectic features.
Triplet Excited States and Singlet Oxygen Production by Analogs of Red Wine Pyranoanthocyanins
Authors: Silva Gustavo Thalmer M. , Thomas Suma S. , Silva Cassio Pacheco , Schlothauer Jan C. , Baptista Mauricio S. , Freitas Adilson A. , Bohne Cornelia , Quina Frank H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDuring the maturation of red wines, the anthocyanins of grapes are transformed into pyranoanthocyanins, which possess a pyranoflavylium cation as their basic chromophore. Photophysical properties of the singlet and triplet excited states of a series of synthetic pyranoflavylium cations were determined at room temperature in acetonitrile solution acidified with 0.10 mol dm−3 trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, to inhibit competitive excited state proton transfer) and at 77 K in a rigid TFA‐acidified isopropanol glass. In solution, the triplet states of these pyranoflavylium cations are efficiently quenched by molecular oxygen, resulting in sensitized formation of singlet oxygen, as confirmed by direct detection of the triplet‐state decay by laser flash photolysis and of singlet oxygen monomol emission in the near infrared. The strong visible light absorption, the relatively small singlet‐triplet energy differences, the excited state redox potentials and the reasonably long lifetimes of pyranoflavylium triplet states in the absence of molecular oxygen suggest that they might be useful as triplet sensitizers and/or as cationic redox initiators in polar aprotic solvents like acetonitrile.
The proanthocyanidin‐specific transcription factor MdMYBPA1 initiates anthocyanin synthesis under low‐temperature conditions in red‐fleshed apples
Authors: Wang Nan , Qu Changzhi , Jiang Shenghui , Chen Zijing , Xu Haifeng , Fang Hongcheng , Su Mengyu , Zhang Jing , Wang Yicheng , Liu Wenjun , Zhang Zongying , Lu Ninglin , Chen Xuesen 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn plants, flavonoids play critical roles in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and contribute substantially to the quality, flavor, and nutritional quality of many fruit crops. In apple (Malus × domestica), inbreeding has resulted in severe decreases in the genetic diversity and flavonoid content. Over the last decade, we have focused on the genetic improvement of apple using wild red‐fleshed apple resources (Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana). Here, we found that the MYB transcription factors (TFs) involved in the synthesis of proanthocyanidins can be classified into TT2 and PA1 types. We characterized a PA1‐type MYB transcription factor, MdMYBPA1, from red‐fleshed apple and identified its role in flavonoid biosynthesis using overexpression and knockdown‐expression transgenes in apple calli. We explored the relationship between TT2‐ and PA1‐type MYB TFs, and found that MdMYB9/11/12 bind the MdMYBPA1 promoter. In addition, MdMYBPA1 responded to low temperature by redirecting the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway from proanthocyanidin to anthocyanin production. In binding analyses, MdbHLH33 directly bound to the low‐temperature‐responsive (LTR) cis‐element of the MdMYBPA1 promoter and promotes its activity. In addition, the calli expressing both MdMYBPA1 and MdbHLH33, which together form a complex, produced more anthocyanin under low temperature. Our findings shed light on the essential roles of PA1‐type TFs in the metabolic network of proanthocyanidin and anthocyanin synthesis in plants. Studies on red‐fleshed wild apple are beneficial for breeding new apple varieties with high flavonoid contents.
Impact of social relationships on income–laughter relationships among older people: the JAGES cross-sectional study
Authors: Imai Yurika , Nagai Masato , Ohira Tetsuya , Shirai Kokoro , Kondo Naoki , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesLaughter has a positive and quantifiable effect on certain aspects of health, and previous studies have suggested that income influences the emotion. However, it is unknown whether social relationship-related factors modify the association between equivalised income and laughter among older people. In the present study, we examined the relationship between equivalised income and the frequency of laughter. In addition, we examined the impact of social relationship-related factors on the association between equivalised income and frequency of laughter using a cross-sectional study design.DesignCross-sectional study and binomial regression analysis.SettingWe sampled from 30 municipalities in Japan.ParticipantsWe examined 20 752 non-disabled Japanese individuals aged ≥65 years using data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study.Primary outcomeFrequency of laughter.ResultsLaughter increased significantly with an increase in equivalent income (p for trend <0.0001). Prevalence ratios (PR) for laughing almost every day were calculated according to quartile equivalised income after adjusting for age, instrumental activities of daily living, depression, frequency of meeting friends, number of social groups and family structure. The results revealed that PRs in Q4 (men; ≥€24 420, women; ≥€21 154) were 1.21 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.30) among men and 1.14 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.20) among women, as compared with Q1 (men; <€12 041, women; <€9518), respectively. After excluding participants with depression, the association remained significant. In addition, we found inadequate social relationships and living alone were associated with a lower frequency of laughter. In comparison with the lowest equivalent income with meeting friends less frequently and living alone, the PRs of the highest equivalent income with meeting friends frequently and living with someone were higher, respectively.ConclusionsThe results revealed a significant relationship between equivalent income and the frequency of laughter. Social relationships and family structure were also associated with the frequency of laughter.
Sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes among young adults with limiting disabilities: findings from third British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3)
Authors: Holdsworth Elizabeth , Trifonova Viktoriya , Tanton Clare , Kuper Hannah , Datta Jessica , Macdowall Wendy , Mercer Catherine H 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo explore whether the sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes of young adults with self-reported disabilities that they perceive limit their activities (‘limiting disability’) differ from those without disability.DesignComplex survey analyses of cross-sectional probability sample survey data collected between September 2010 and August 2012 using computer-assisted personal interviewing and computer-assisted self-interview.SettingBritish general population.Participants7435 women and men aged 17–34 years, resident in private households in Britain, interviewed for the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported sexual behaviour and sexual health outcomes.ResultsApproximately 1 in 10 participants reported having a limiting disability. Sexual behaviours were similar between those with limiting disability and those without, with a few exceptions. Women and men with limiting disability were less likely to report having sexual partner(s) (past year, adjusted ORs (AORs) for age and social class: AORs: 0.71, 0.75, respectively). Women with limiting disability were more likely to report having same-sex partner(s) in the past 5 years (AOR: 2.39). Differences were seen in sexual health outcomes, especially among women; those with limiting disability were more likely to report having experienced non-volitional sex (ever, AOR: 3.08), STI diagnoses (ever, AOR: 1.43) and sought help/advice regarding their sex life (past year, AOR: 1.56). Women with limiting disability were also more likely to feel distressed/worried about their sex life than those without limiting disability (AORs: 1.61). None of these associations were seen in men.ConclusionsYoung adults with limiting disability, especially women, are more likely to report adverse sexual health outcomes than those without, despite comparatively few behavioural differences. It is important to ensure that people with disabilities are included in sexual health promotion and service planning, and targeted policy and programme interventions are needed to address negative sexual health outcomes disproportionally experienced by people with disabilities.
Accuracy of colorectal cancer ICD-9-CM codes in Italian administrative healthcare databases: a cross-sectional diagnostic study
Authors: Cozzolino Francesco , Bidoli Ettore , Abraha Iosief , Fusco Mario , Giovannini Gianni , Casucci Paola , Orso Massimiliano , Granata Annalisa , De Giorgi Marcello , Collarile Paolo , Ciullo Valerio , Vitale Maria Francesca , Cirocchi Roberto , Orlandi Walter , Serraino Diego , Montedori Alessandro 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the accuracy ofInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision – Clinical Modification(ICD-9-CM) codes in identifying subjects with colorectal cancer.DesignA diagnostic accuracy study comparing ICD-9-CM codes (index test) for colorectal cancers with medical chart (as a reference standard). Case ascertainment based on neoplastic lesion(s) within the colon/rectum and histological documentation from a primary or metastatic site positive for colorectal cancer.SettingAdministrative databases from the Umbria region, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Napoli 3 Sud (NA) region and Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) region.ParticipantsWe randomly selected 130 incident patients from each hospital discharge database, admitted between 2012 and 2014, having colorectal cancer ICD-9 codes located in primary position, and 94 non-cases, that is, patients having a diagnosis of cancer (ICD-9 140–239) other than colorectal cancer in primary position.Outcome measuresSensitivity, specificity and predictive values for 153.x code (colon cancer) and for 154.x code (rectal cancer).ResultsThe positive predictive value (PPV) for colon cancer diagnoses was 80% for Umbria (95% CI 73% to 87%), 81% for NA (95% CI 73% to 88%) and 80% for FVG (95% CI 72% to 87%).The sensitivity ranged from 98% to 99%, while the specificity ranged from 78% to 80% in the three units.For rectal cancer, the PPV was 84% for Umbria (95% CI 77% to 90%), 80% for NA (95% CI 72% to 87%) and 81% for FVG (95% CI 73% to 87%). The sensitivities ranged from 98% to 100%, while the specificity estimates from 79% to 82%.ConclusionsAdministrative databases in Italy can be a valuable tool for cancer surveillance as well as monitoring geographical and temporal variation of cancer practice.
Lifestyle, socioeconomic status and healthcare seeking among women with gynaecological cancer alarm symptoms: a combined questionnaire-based and register-based population study
Authors: Balasubramaniam Kirubakaran , Elnegaard Sandra , Rasmussen Sanne , Haastrup Peter Fentz , Christensen René dePont , Søndergaard Jens , Jarbøl Dorte Ejg 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the proportion of contacts to general practitioner (GP) with recent onset gynaecological cancer alarm symptoms (pelvic pain, postmenopausal bleeding, bleeding during intercourse or pain during intercourse) and to analyse the associations between lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status and GP contact for these symptoms.DesignCross-sectional survey combined with data from national registers.SettingThe general Danish population.ParticipantsA total of 25 866 non-pregnant women ≥20 years completed the survey. Women reporting at least one of four gynaecological alarm symptoms within the preceding 6 months form the study base (n=2957).ResultsThe proportion of women reporting GP contact ranged from 21.1% (pain during intercourse) to 32.6% (postmenopausal bleeding). Women aged 60+ years had higher odds of reporting GP contact for at least one of the four gynaecological cancer alarm symptoms compared with those aged 20–39 years (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.89), and immigrants had higher odds of reporting GP contact for at least one of the symptoms (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.15) compared with ethnic Danish individuals. Among those reporting postmenopausal bleeding and/or bleeding during intercourse, women in the age group 60+ years had higher odds of reporting GP contact compared with those aged 20–39 years (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.33 to 5.87). A high educational level (>12 years) was positively associated with reporting GP contact for postmenopausal bleeding and/or bleeding during intercourse compared with a low educational level (<10 years) (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.19 to 4.19). No associations were found with lifestyle factors.ConclusionsFew women contacted their GP with recent onset gynaecological cancer alarm symptoms. Higher age, being immigrant and higher educational level increased the odds of GP contact. Future studies should explore the reasons for these findings as this may aid in prompting early diagnosis and thereby improve the prognosis of gynaecological cancer.
Cytomegalovirus Serostatus Affects Autoreactive NK Cells and Outcomes of IL2-Based Immunotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Bernson Elin , Hallner Alexander , Sander Frida E. , Nicklasson Malin , Nilsson Malin S. , Christenson Karin , Aydin Ebru , Liljeqvist Jan-Åke , Brune Mats , Foà Robin , Aurelius Johan , Martner Anna , Hellstrand Kristoffer , Thorén Fredrik B. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is reported to promote NK cell differentiation and education. The CMV-induced generation of highly differentiated adaptive-like NK cells has been proposed to affect favorably on the maintenance of remission in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). The impact of CMV infection and adaptive-like NK cells on relapse and survival of patients with AML not receiving allo-SCT remains unknown. We assayed CMV IgG serostatus to determine past CMV infection in 81 nontransplanted AML patients who were receiving relapse-prevention immunotherapy comprising histamine dihydrochloride and low-dose interleukin-2 (HDC/IL2; NCT01347996). CMV seropositivity correlated negatively with leukemia-free and overall survival of patients receiving HDC/IL2, but did not correlate with outcomes in a contemporary control cohort. Analysis of outcome after stratification of patients based on concordant or discordant killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and HLA genotypes implied that the negative impact of CMV seropositivity was restricted to patients lacking a ligand to inhibitory KIRs (iKIR). Previous CMV infection was also associated with fewer NK cells expressing only nonself iKIRs (NS-iKIR). We propose that CMV-driven NK cell education depletes the population of NS-iKIR NK cells, which in turn reduces the clinical benefit of relapse-preventive immunotherapy in AML. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(9); 1110–9. ©2018 AACR.