bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutralisation of Acid Rock Drainage by Youngest Toba Tuff Leachate Revealed by Hydrogeochemistry
Authors: Prakash Kannan J. , Rani V. R. , Sajinkumar K. S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) supervolcanic eruption occurred 75000 years ago, and resulted in distinctive ash fall deposition in different locations encompassing marine, estuarine, lacustrine, and fluvial sedimentary basins. Of the different sedimentary basins, the YTT crypto‐tephra horizon preserved in the South Kerala Sedimentary Basin (SKSB) of the western coast of India is hosted by a paleo‐estuarine carbonaceous clay layer. Along the eastern margin of SKSB, confined aquifers hosting highly acidic groundwater is associated with this YTT ash and associated organic matter (OM)‐rich carbonaceous clay layer, creating worse acid rock drainage (ARD), which eventually gets neutralised during summer, signalled by the crystallisation of halotrichite. Hydrogeological investigation gave insights on some of the unique geochemical processes, which facilitated the neutralisation of ARD. The main aquifers in the area include laterite and clayey‐sand, which is separated by this impervious layer hosting YTT ash. Wells tapping the clayey‐sand aquifer, beneath this layer, is affected by the ARD condition due to the interaction with pyrite, manifested as low pH of groundwater (3.7). Simultaneously, leaching from YTT ash, which constitutes 11.91% of Al2O3, facilitates Al content to reach groundwater in high concentration (2879.97 ppb). During dry season, when the surface of YTT‐hosting OM‐rich carbonaceous clay layer is exposed, the leached Al interacts with the acid derived from the YTT‐hosting OM‐rich carbonaceous clay layer and results in the precipitation of halotrichite. The two processes, one resulting in ARD condition and the other as formation of halotrichite, occur in succession. Thus, the crystallisation of halotrichite signals the neutralisation of water as well as heralding the potability of water.
The role of youth extracurricular activities and political intentions in later political participation and civic engagement
Authors: Lundberg Erik , Abdelzadeh Ali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionCurrent literature recognizes that various socialization agents often shape political behavior. This study employs frameworks of political socialization and political agency to explore how extracurricular activities and political intentions established at age 16 influence aspects of political participation and civic engagement at age 20.MethodsA 4‐year longitudinal study was conducted using a community‐based sample of 933 adolescents from a medium‐sized Swedish city with a population of approximately 135,000. Data were collected in 2010 and 2014, allowing for an analysis of the impact of extracurricular activities and political intentions developed during adolescence on later political and civic behaviors. The analytical sample comprised 933 individuals (50.8% females; mean age = 16.62, SD = 0.71).ResultsThe analysis revealed that participation in extracurricular activities at age 16 is a significant predictor of offline political participation at age 20. However, no significant associations were found between these activities and other forms of participation, such as illegal behaviors or broader civic engagement. Political intentions at age 16 also significantly predicted offline political participation at age 20.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the pivotal roles of both socialization agents and individual factors related to youth political agency in shaping political trajectories during adolescence. Understanding the effects of extracurricular activities and political intentions on political participation and civic engagement can aid policymakers and educators in developing strategies to foster active citizenship among young people.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Detection in Premature Infants Using Broadband Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Flowerday Ethan , Daneshkhah Ali , Su Yuanzhe , Backman Vadim , Goldstein Seth D. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease affecting premature infants. Broadband optical spectroscopy (BOS) is a method of noninvasive optical data collection from intra‐abdominal organs in premature infants, offering potential for disease detection. Herein, a novel machine learning approach, iterative principal component analysis (iPCA), is developed to select optimal wavelengths from BOS data collected in vivo from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients for NEC classification. Neural network models were trained for classification, with a reduced‐feature model distinguishing NEC with an accuracy of 88%, a sensitivity of 89%, and a specificity of 88%. While whole‐spectrum models performed the best for accuracy and specificity, a reduced feature model excelled in sensitivity, with minimal cost to other metrics. This research supports the hypothesis that the analysis of human tissue via BOS may permit noninvasive disease detection. Furthermore, a medical device optimized with these models may potentially screen for NEC with as few as seven wavelengths.
Targeted therapy: P2X3 receptor silencing in bone cancer pain relief
Authors: Jiang Yuge , Liu Xuan , Zhang Hong , Xu Longhe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBone cancer pain remains a significant clinical challenge, often refractory to conventional treatments. The upregulation of the P2X3 receptor in the dorsal root ganglia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of bone cancer pain. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the P2X3 receptor in this context and assess the therapeutic potential of receptor silencing. Utilizing a rat model with Walker 256 cells to simulate bone cancer pain, researchers conducted molecular analyses, including semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR and Western Blot, to investigate P2X3 receptor expression in the dorsal root ganglia. Results demonstrated a marked increase in P2X3 receptor levels in the dorsal root ganglia of the bone cancer pain model. Targeted silencing of the P2X3 receptor using specific shRNA delivered via lentiviral vectors significantly reduced pain sensitivity, underscoring the receptor's potential as a valuable therapeutic target. In addition, a comprehensive gene expression analysis leveraging the GEO data set GSE249443 was performed to explore the underlying biological pathways linked to bone cancer pain. This analysis provided insights into the intricate interplay between bone cancer pain and associated biological processes, offering a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in pain modulation and progression. In conclusion, this research identifies the P2X3 receptor as a critical molecular target for mitigating bone cancer pain. The selective silencing of the P2X3 receptor emerges as a promising and innovative therapeutic strategy, presenting novel avenues for managing bone cancer pain and potentially revolutionizing treatment approaches in this challenging domain.
Virtual Reality Exposure for Treating PTSD Due to Military Sexual Trauma
Authors: Loucks Laura , Rizzo Albert , Rothbaum Barbara O. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTVirtual reality exposure therapy (VRE) has been used in the treatment of combat‐related PTSD since the late 1990s and was recently adapted to treat PTSD due to military sexual trauma (MST). With content specifically tailored to MST‐related contexts, we present the case study of a military veteran who participated in the open clinical trial examining the feasibility of VRE in the treatment of MST‐related PTSD (Loucks et al. 2019). We illustrate VRE's use in activating the trauma memory to facilitate therapeutic emotional processing across sessions and overall symptom reduction. The case study includes common challenges that may occur during VRE and relevant recommendations. The discussion will include lessons learned from the case study and the open clinical trial, recommendations for the flexible application of VRE, and the ongoing developments in the latest version of the VRE system, informed by feedback acquired from the clinicians and patients who experienced it in the initial clinical trial.
Tocilizumab for Advanced Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer With Concomitant Cachexia: An Observational Study
Authors: Du Yang , Liu Xiao‐Yan , Pan Rui‐Li , Zhang Xiao‐Tong , Si Xiao‐Yan , Chen Min‐Jiang , Wang Meng‐Zhao , Zhang Li 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCancer cachexia significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Inflammatory pathways mediated by interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) play a crucial role in the development of cancer cachexia. This study aimed to investigate the use of tocilizumab in the management of NSCLC with coexisting IL‐6‐elevated cachexia.MethodsIn this retrospective study, data were collected from patients with NSCLC and concurrent IL‐6‐elevated cachexia who received either tocilizumab plus antitumour therapy or antitumour therapy alone. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and improved modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) at Week 12. The secondary endpoints included changes from baseline over 12 weeks in body weight, albumin, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and mGPS. Qualitative improvements in patient self‐rated appetite and fatigue were reported as exploratory analysis.ResultsThe study included 49 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and IL‐6‐elevated cachexia, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2–4. Of these, 26 received tocilizumab in combination with antitumour therapy, and 23 received antitumour therapy alone. The majority of these patients were male (87.8%). Baseline characteristics were almost identical between the two groups. The tocilizumab group demonstrated a significantly longer median OS compared to the control group (15.1 vs. 3.2 months; hazard ratio 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.08–0.38; p < 0.001). The rate of patients surviving with mGPS improvement at Week 12 was significantly higher in the tocilizumab group than in the control group (risk difference 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.75–1.00; p < 0.001). Over the 12‐week period, significant improvements were observed in body weight, albumin, CRP and mGPS in the tocilizumab group compared to the control group (body weight: 5.15 ± 0.53 kg vs. −5.69 ± 0.76 kg, p = 0.041; albumin: 5.89 ± 0.70 g/L vs. −2.97 ± 0.71 g/L, p < 0.001; CRP: −91.50 ± 7.15 mg/L vs. 9.47 ± 13.69 mg/L, p < 0.001; mGPS: −1.61 ± 0.15 vs. 0.03 ± 0.08, p < 0.001). The tocilizumab group also displayed significantly higher rates of improvement in appetite and fatigue (both p < 0.001). The incidence of Grade 3 or higher adverse events was 34.6% in the tocilizumab group compared to 78.3% in the control group. Tocilizumab‐related adverse events were observed in three patients (11.5%), including two cases of neutropenia and one case of skin and subcutaneous tissue infection.ConclusionTocilizumab demonstrated significant benefits in survival and various clinical parameters, including body weight, albumin, CRP, mGPS and symptom burden in patients with NSCLC and concurrent IL‐6‐elevated cachexia. Given the existing unmet medical need for effective interventions for cancer cachexia, tocilizumab may be considered as a potential treatment option.
Decision fatigue in hospital settings: A scoping review
Authors: Perry Kelsey , Jones Sarah , Stumpff Julia C. , Kruer Rachel , Czosnowski Lauren , Kashiwagi Deanne , Kara Areeba 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground“Decision Fatigue” (DF) describes the impaired ability to make decisions because of repeated acts of decision‐making.ObjectivesWe conducted a scoping review to describe DF in inpatient settings.MethodsTo be included, studies should have explored a clinical decision, included a mechanism to account for the order of decision making, and be published in English in or after the year 2000. Six databases were searched. Retrieved citations were screened and retained studies were reviewed against the inclusion criteria. References of included studies were manually searched, and forward citation searches were conducted to capture relevant sources.ResultsThe search retrieved 12,781 citations, of which 41 were retained following screening. Following review, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Half were conference abstracts and none examined hospitalists. Emergency medicine and intensive care settings were the most frequently studied clinical environments (n = 13, 81%). All studies were observational. The most frequently examined decisions were about resource utilization (n = 8, 50%), however only half of these examined downstream clinical outcomes. Decision quality against prespecified standards was examined in four (25%) studies. Work environment and patient attributes were often described but not consistently accounted for in analyses. Clinician attributes were described in four (25%) investigations. Findings were inconsistent: both supporting and refuting DF's role in the outcome studied.ConclusionsThe role of clinician, patient, and work environment attributes in mediating DF is understudied. Similarly, the context surrounding the decision under study require further explication and when assessing resource use and decision quality, adjudication should be made against prespecified standards.
Colonic phytobezoar in a child
Authors: Oxford Alexandra , Stearman Carine , Pohl John F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGastric bezoars and small bowel bezoars are uncommon in the pediatric population, and colonic bezoars are even rarer. We present the case of a 9‐year‐old female who presented with acute abdominal obstruction symptoms and a diagnosis of colonic phytobezoar. The phytobezoar was removed via endoscopic intervention. This case is important as it demonstrates that colonic bezoars can occur in children, may not be amenable to oral laxative or enema therapy, and may require endoscopic removal.
Whey proteins from camel's milk have higher in vitro wound‐healing effect than whey proteins from cow's milk
Authors: Gündeş Şevin Ece , Örenay Boyacioğlu Seda , Abbak Mürüvvet , Bulca Selda , Boyacioğlu Olcay 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effectiveness of whey obtained by either enzyme (sweet) or acid treatment on wound healing remains unclear. This study investigated the effectiveness of camel and bovine whey prepared enzymatically (CSW and BSW) or by pH reduction (CAW and BAW). After removing the cream from milk, HCl or rennet was used to remove casein, resulting in acid or sweet whey, respectively, followed by lactose removal using dialysis. Casein removal was verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Wound‐healing activity was measured in vitro on HT‐29 cells by scratch assay. All four whey samples (0–1000 mg L−1) were applied on the cells, and the closure of the cell‐free scratched areas was monitored for 48 h.RESULTSAll whey samples increased the cell migration significantly (P < 0.05) to help close the cell‐free areas as an indication of wound healing compared to the negative control. However, the closure amounts between the highest dose (1000 mg L−1) and the control were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Acid whey samples significantly (P < 0.05) elevated the closure speed compared to the sweet whey samples. The highest closure percentage (64.69%) was achieved after treatment with 10 mg L−1 CAW for 48 h. Between the sweet whey samples, BSW was significantly (P < 0.05) more effective in closing the cell‐free zone compared to CSW.CONCLUSIONThis study investigated the wound‐healing potential of camel and bovine whey in vitro by comparing their effects on HT‐29 cell migration. CAW showed the greatest activity and may find uses as a treatment agent in wound healing. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intraoperative Peripheral Frozen Margin Assessment in Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Zeitlinger Lauren , Chavez George M. , Wilson Machelle D. , Darrow Morgan , Canter Robert J. , Randall R. Lor , Thorpe Steven W. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesIntraoperative peripheral margin sampling in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a routine practice among musculoskeletal oncologists. Practice patterns are variable, and evidence to support it is lacking. Rates of peripheral margin sampling at our institution were analyzed in addition to its clinical utility and cost‐effectiveness.MethodsPeripheral margin sampling patterns at a tertiary sarcoma center were retrospectively evaluated. Concordance between peripheral margins and final pathology was assessed using McNemar's test and κ Coefficient. Clinical outcomes were compared, and a cost‐utility analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 179 patients were included. 66% had peripheral margins sampled of which 23% had frozen margins analyzed. Ten patients had positive margins (5.5% of all patients; 8.4% in those with margins sampled) and R1 margins on the final tumor specimen were identified in 15 patients (8.4%). There were no R2 resections. Three patients underwent repeat surgical resection (20%). Three patients with R1 resections had negative peripheral margins sampled, suggesting falsely reassuring peripheral margins. Peripheral margin sampling averaged $5000/patient.ConclusionsRoutine peripheral margin sampling in STS resection is of questionable utility with added cost. Prospective studies are warranted to determine the optimal approach to surgical margin assessment.
Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Member Survey: Intra‐Operative Peripheral Margins in Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Zeitlinger Lauren , Chavez George M. , Darrow Morgan , Canter Robert J. , Randall R. Lor , Thorpe Steven W. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesRoutine intraoperative peripheral margin sampling is often employed by musculoskeletal surgical oncologists. Several recommendations exist regarding this practice pattern. It is unknown what the practice patterns of Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) members are. Evidence‐based data to support or refute this practice is currently lacking. We developed an anonymous survey with two primary objectives. To determine the practice patterns of active MSTS members with respect to intraoperative peripheral margin sampling and to elucidate the most common rationale for routine sampling.MethodsAn anonymous survey was distributed through the MSTS to 320 active members. Results were collected with a branching logic fashion via Microsoft Forms®.ResultsSurveys were sent to 320 MSTS members in 2021. A total of 108 responses were collected. A total of 55 (51%) respondents noted that they routinely send intraoperative peripheral margins. Primary reasons for margin assessment included concerns about adequacy of margins. Members who routinely send frozen margins sent on average 4–6 specimens.ConclusionsThere is significant variability in this practice amongst MSTS members. Given there is no evidence to support or refute this practice, Further investigation is required to determine the clinical utility of routine intraoperative peripheral margin sampling.
Patient‐Reported Goals of Care in the Preoperative Clinic: Barriers to and Facilitators of Patient Values Elicitation and Documentation
Authors: Rosen Roni Y. , Bartsch Christan , Thompson Errika , Letica‐Kreigel Allison , Kaur Yashjot , Ng Susan , Vaynrub Maksim , Rosa William E. , Broach Vance , Epstein Andrew S. , Nelson Judith E. , Nash Garrett M. , Goldfrank Deborah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesInfrequent preoperative goals of care (GOC) documentation leads to challenges in medical decision‐making when patients experience postoperative complications. We evaluated the feasibility of enhancing GOC documentation through a patient portal‐based values questionnaire.MethodsA patient values questionnaire (PVQ) was distributed to patients before their Gynecologic Surgical Oncology clinic appointments via an electronic health record (EHR)‐based portal from June to October 2023. Surgeons and advanced practice providers were encouraged to address PVQ responses during clinic appointments. Patient acceptability surveys were sent to PVQ respondents and clinicians were interviewed to assess feasibility and acceptability.ResultsPVQ response rate was 225/383 (59%); 29% of all patients had an established cancer diagnosis. Clinicians deemed preoperative GOC documentation important and the PVQ valuable to prepare for unexpected postoperative complications. Accessing questionnaire responses through the EHR was a technical barrier. Clinicians agreed that GOC should be addressed after diagnosis and treatment discussions, but before surgery. Ninety percent of patients felt comfortable discussing GOC at their first clinic appointment.ConclusionPatient portals facilitate preoperative GOC documentation, however, clarifying and integrating values into care require ongoing discussions between clinicians and patients. Optimal timing of GOC elicitation is posttreatment planning and before surgery when the patient is most informed.
Evaluating the Association of Area Deprivation Index (ADI) on Postoperative Outcomes in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Khalid Abdullah , Pasha Shamsher A. , Demyan Lyudmyla , Standring Oliver , King Daniel A. , Newman Elliot , DePeralta Danielle , Gholami Sepideh , Weiss Matthew J. , Melis Marcovalerio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a challenging disease, with outcomes influenced by several factors including socioeconomic status. The area deprivation index (ADI) has been used to understand how neighborhood disadvantages affect healthcare outcomes. Prior research has indicated that a higher ADI, reflective of a greater neighborhood disadvantage, is associated with an increased risk of major complications and unplanned readmission following PDAC resection. This study aimed to extend this investigation to the Northwell Health System in New York and explore the association between neighborhood ADI and surgical outcomes in patients with PDAC.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the Northwell Health multicenter pancreatic cancer database from 2014 to 2023 included patients who underwent PDAC resection. The ADI scores were divided into low (1–3), moderate (4–6), and high (7–10), as previously described. Multinomial regression models and Kaplan–Meier log‐rank tests were used to compare differences in surgical outcomes between the patients in each ADI group.ResultsOut of 314 PDAC patients who underwent resection and had available ADI data, 116 (36.9%) were in the low, 163 (51.9%) in the moderate, and 35 (11.2%) in the high ADI category. The median ADI score was 4 (IQR: 3–5). Adjusted multinomial regression analysis revealed the following disparities: compared to the low ADI group, patients in the moderate ADI group demonstrated a significantly higher risk of diabetes (RR: 1.76, 95% CI 1.06–2.90, p = 0.028); high ADI was associated with a poorer response to neoadjuvant therapy (RR 3.13, 95% CI 1.11–8.82, p = 0.031), higher incidence of microscopic positive margins (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.11–5.17, p = 0.028), increased severe complications (Clavien–Dindo class III−IV) (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.04–1.80, p = 0.027), and a higher failure‐to‐rescue (FTR) rate (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.12–1.85, p = 0.048). Although readmission and mortality rates at 30 and 90 days did not show significant differences (p > 0.05), the Kaplan–Meier log‐rank test indicated a marked disparity in survival probabilities among ADI ranks (p = 0.0025).ConclusionThis study underscores a pronounced survival disparity across ADI categories among PDAC patients, suggesting an association between socioeconomic status and postoperative survival. Consideration of patient ADI may guide tailored healthcare strategies, such as the distribution of navigation and resources, to bridge the gap in survival outcomes and ensure equitable care for all socioeconomic strata.