bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secular trends over 40 years of periodontal health and disease in individuals aged 20–80 years in Jönköping, Sweden: Repeated cross‐sectional studies
Authors: Wahlin Åsa , Papias Apostolos , Jansson Henrik , Norderyd Ola 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo assess trends over 40 years regarding prevalence and severity of periodontitis in a Swedish adult population.Materials and methodsCross‐sectional examinations using the same clinical protocol have been repeated every 10 years (1973–2013) in a Swedish city with focus on periodontal disease in adults. Periodontal recordings included all teeth, excluding 3rd molars. Periodontal disease experience was classified (no/minor, moderate and severe).ResultsThe no/minor group increased from 43% in 1983 to 60% in 2013. There was a non‐significant trend for a decrease of the severe group. Over the 40‐year period, the number of teeth increased significantly and at the examination 2013, the severe group accounted for this increase. More than 60% of the study population in 2013 had no periodontal pockets (PD) ≥6 mm. The number of PD ≥4 mm and ≥6 mm were unaltered between 2003 and 2013 in all age groups, except for the 20‐year old individuals. This group showed a statistically significant increase of ≥4 mm PD.ConclusionsThe periodontal health has improved in the population over the 40 years. The number of teeth increased significantly in the population, and in 2013, this increase occurred entirely in the severe group. Finally, there was a trend toward diminished prevalence of severe periodontitis.
Simulation study of misclassification bias in association studies employing partial‐mouth protocols
Authors: Heaton Brenda , Garcia Raul I. , Dietrich Thomas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo simulate the exposure misclassification bias potential in studies of perio‐systemic disease associations due to the use of partial‐mouth recording (PMR) protocols.MethodsUsing data from 640 participants in the Dental Longitudinal Study, we evaluated distributions of clinical periodontitis parameters to simulate hypothetical outcome probabilities using bootstrap sampling. Logistic regression models were fit using the hypothetical outcome as the dependent variable. Models were run for exposure classifications based on full‐mouth recording (FMR) and PMR protocols over 10,000 repetitions.ResultsThe impact of periodontitis exposure misclassification was dependent on periodontitis severity. Per cent relative bias for simulated ORs of size 1.5, 2 and 4 ranged from 0% to 30% for the effect of severe periodontitis. The magnitude and direction of the bias was dependent on the underlying distribution of the clinical parameters used in the simulation and the size of the association being estimated. Simulated effects of moderate periodontitis were consistently biased towards the null.ConclusionExposure misclassification bias occurring through the use of PMR protocols may be dependent on the sensitivity of the classification system applied. Using the CDC‐AAP case definition, bias in the estimated effects of severe disease was small, on average. Whereas effects of moderate disease were underestimated to a larger degree.
Identifying key components for a psychological intervention for people with vitiligo – a quantitative and qualitative study in the United Kingdom using web‐based questionnaires of people with vitiligo and healthcare professionals
Authors: Ahmed A. , Steed L. , Burden‐Teh E. , Shah R. , Sanyal S. , Tour S. , Dowey S. , Whitton M. , Batchelor J.M. , Bewley A.P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsychological interventions are recommended as part of routine management of vitiligo. However, the development and effectiveness of such interventions have been rarely addressed. This study aimed to identify key components for a psychological intervention for people with vitiligo. This is the first time perspectives of people with vitiligo, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) have been directly explored to inform intervention content and delivery.ObjectivesTo identify 1. which psychological difficulties are highlighted that can be targeted by an intervention; 2. what is important in terms of intervention content and delivery.MethodsWeb‐based questionnaires containing both quantitative and qualitative items were completed by people with vitiligo and HCPs. Questionnaires collected data from people with vitiligo on demographics, clinical features, psychological difficulties and priority areas for psychological interventions, including ideas on delivery and content. HCPs questionnaires collected data on psychological difficulties reported, use of psychological interventions and suitability within health services. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data utilized thematic framework analysis.ResultsA total of 100 people with vitiligo (66% female, 92% Caucasian) and 39 HCPs (54% dermatologists) participated. Key areas of difficulty were the impact of vitiligo, coping, issues with appearance/body image and the sun, and medical interactions. Vitiligo on sensitive sites was associated with more psychological impact. Interventions directed at increasing acceptance, confidence and self‐esteem, as well as managing embarrassment, were important. These issues could be managed through interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy, mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy. Both people with vitiligo and HCPs favoured individual interventions.ConclusionVitiligo has significant impact, requiring ongoing psychosocial support. There is a strong need for a psychoeducational intervention with focus on acceptance and managing social impact. The results of this study are the first steps to informing the development of a patient‐centred psychological intervention.
Uninfested plants and honey enhance the attractiveness of a volatile blend to a parasitoid Cotesia vestalis
Authors: Ozawa Rika , Ohara Yoshitsugu , Shiojiri Kaori , Uchida Toru , Kakibuchi Kazumasa , Kugimiya Soichi , Uefune Masayoshi , Takabayashi Junji 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA blend of four volatile compounds, (Z)‐3‐hexene‐1‐yl acetate, α‐pinene, sabinene and n‐heptanal, emitted from cabbage plants infested by diamondback moth (DBM) larvae (hereafter called the attractant) attract females of Cotesia vestalis, a dominant parasitoid wasp species of DBM larvae. Here, we tested the effects of the presence of uninfested komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. cv. Rakuten) plants on the wasps’ response to the attractant in the choice chamber under laboratory conditions. Satiated female wasps were equally distributed between groups of 16 and four uninfested plants. However, the wasps preferred the group of 16 uninfested plants with the attractant to that of four uninfested plants with the attractant, indicating that the greater biomass of uninfested plants synergistically increased the attractiveness of the attractant. The effects of honey (a food of C. vestalis while rearing) on the wasps’ responses to the attractant were also tested using starved females. The wasps showed an equal distribution between honey with four uninfested plants and four uninfested plants. When both odour sources were coupled with the attractant, the wasps significantly preferred the former odour source, indicating a synergistic effect of honey on the attractiveness of the attractant. This effect, however, was observed when C. vestalis females had been reared with the tested honey but not when they had been reared with aqueous sucrose. In the experimental glasshouse, when comparing a group of infested plants coupled with uninfested plants, honey and the attractant to a group of infested plants, female wasps preferred the former. In addition, this preference was significantly greater than their preference for infested plants coupled with the attractant over infested plants. Thus, there was a synergistic effect of uninfested plants and honey on the attractiveness of the attractant–infested plant complex under glasshouse conditions.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of real‐time continuous monitoring glucose compared to self‐monitoring of blood glucose for diabetes mellitus in Spain
Authors: García‐Lorenzo Borja , Rivero‐Santana Amado , Vallejo‐Torres Laura , Castilla‐Rodríguez Iván , García‐Pérez Sonia , García‐Pérez Lidia , Perestelo‐Pérez Lilisbeth 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesSelf‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is recommended to monitor glycaemic levels. The recent development of real‐time continuous glucose monitoring (RT‐CGM) enables continuous display of glucose concentration alerting patients in the event of relevant glucose fluctuations, potentially avoiding hypoglycaemic events and reducing long‐term complications related to glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. This paper aims to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of RT‐CGM compared to SMBG in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which should support decision‐making on public funding of RT‐CGM in Spain.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analyses on the effectiveness of RT‐CGM in the reduction of HbA1c levels and severe hypoglycaemic events. A cost‐effectiveness analysis was conducted using a Markov model which simulates the costs and health outcomes of individuals treated under these alternatives for a lifetime horizon from the perspective of the Spanish Health Service. The effectiveness measure was quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). We ran extensive sensitivity analyses, including a probabilistic sensitivity analysis.ResultsReal‐time continuous glucose monitoring provides a significant reduction of HbA1c for T1DM (13 studies; weighted mean difference (WMD) = −0.23%, 95% CI: −0.35, −0.11) and T2DM (5 studies; WMD = −0.48%, 95% CI: −0.79, −0.17). There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of severe hypoglycaemic events in T1DM (9 studies; OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.72) or T2DM (no severe hypoglycaemic events were reported in any study). In the base case analysis, RT‐CGM led to higher QALYs and health care costs with an estimated incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of €2 554 723 and €180 553 per QALY for T1DM and T2DM patients respectively. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the study results were robust.ConclusionsReal‐time continuous glucose monitoring is not a cost‐effective technology when compared to SMBG in Spain.
Community Pharmacists' Contribution to Medication Reviews for Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kallio Sonja E. , Kiiski Annika , Airaksinen Marja S.A. , Mäntylä Antti T. , Kumpusalo‐Vauhkonen Anne E.J. , Järvensivu Timo P. , Pohjanoksa‐Mäntylä Marika K. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo identify medication review interventions for older adults that involve community pharmacists and evidence of outcomes of these interventions.DesignSystematic review.MeasurementsCinahl, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published between January 2000 and February 2016. Articles involving community pharmacists in medication reviews for outpatients aged 65 and older were included. Evidence of economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes of interventions was summarized.ResultsSixteen articles were found that described 12 medication review interventions, of which 6 were compliance and concordance reviews, 4 were clinical medication reviews, and 2 were prescription reviews according to a previously developed typology. Community pharmacists' contributions to reviewing medications varied from sending the dispensing history to other healthcare providers to comprehensive involvement in medication management. The most commonly assessed outcomes of the interventions were medication changes leading to reduction in actual or potential drug‐related problems (n=12) and improved adherence (n=5).ConclusionRegardless of community pharmacists' contributions to interventions, medication review interventions seem to reduce drug‐related problems and increase medication adherence. More well‐designed, rigorous studies with more sensitive and specific outcomes measures need to be conducted to assess the effect of community pharmacists' contributions to reviewing medications and improving the health of older adults.
Electrocardiogram Monitoring After the Food and Drug Administration Warnings for Citalopram: Unheeded Alerts?
Authors: Gerlach Lauren B. , Kim Hyungjin Myra , Yosef Matheos , Kales Helen C. , Henry Jennifer , Zivin Kara 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate national trends in electrocardiogram (EKG) monitoring in Veterans Affairs (VA) beneficiaries prescribed high‐dose citalopram before and after the 2011–12 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) safety warnings.DesignInterrupted time‐series analyses.SettingNational VA healthcare system data linked to Medicare data for veterans dually eligible for VA and Medicare services.ParticipantsAdult VA outpatients prescribed citalopram or sertraline from February 2010 to September 2013 (N=1,068,816).MeasurementsEKG monitoring for VA outpatients prescribed high‐dose citalopram (>40 mg/d aged ≤60, >20 mg/d aged >60) or sertraline.ResultsFor individuals prescribed high‐dose citalopram, EKG monitoring increased from 9.0% before the start of the first FDA warning to a peak of 12.6% for individuals aged 18 to 60 and from 14.0% to 19.4% for individuals aged 61 to 100. However, following the second FDA warning in 2012, EKG monitoring declined, returning to prewarning levels in both age groups. EKG monitoring did not increase in individuals with a history of previous cardiac risk factors prescribed high‐dose citalopram in either age group.ConclusionsEKG frequency did not significantly change in individuals with cardiac risk factors at greatest potential risk for QT prolongation. Lack of responsiveness to the FDA warnings may be due to many factors, including lack of clarity about which individuals should undergo EKG monitoring, provider substitution of alternative antidepressants for citalopram, conflicting evidence regarding risk for adverse cardiac events with high‐dose citalopram use, and lack of provider knowledge regarding the warnings.
Speed‐of‐Processing Training in Assisted and Independent Living: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Smith Marianne , Jones Michael P. , Dotson Megan M. , Wolinsky Fredric D. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo examine speed‐of‐processing training (SOPT) in older adults in senior living communities, especially those in assisted living.DesignTwo‐arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial.SettingAssisted and independent residence settings in 31 senior living communities.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 55 to 102 (mean 81.0, 73.8% female, 76.4% living alone, 47.0% residing in assisted living; N=351).InterventionThe intervention was 10 hours of computerized SOPT at baseline with 4‐hour boosters at 5 and 11 months; the attention control was 10 hours of solving computerized crossword puzzles at baseline with 4‐hour boosters at 5 and 11 months.MeasuresOutcomes were useful field of view (UFOV) scores and improvements of 0.5 standard deviations (SDs) or more (> 158.4 ms). Data collection occurred at baseline, after training, and 6 and 12 months. Random‐effects linear mixed‐effect models were used to estimate SOPT effects in intention‐to‐treat complete‐case and multiple imputation analyses.ResultsWe found statistically significantly small standardized effect sizes (Cohen's ds 0.25–0.40) for SOPT, reflecting processing speed improvements on UFOV scores (of 39–63 ms) and greater percentages (9.8 to 14.9 percentage point advantages) for achieving more than 0.5 SD improvements (> 158.4 ms) over the 3 time periods.ConclusionThese findings support public health messaging about the potential benefits of SOPT for older adults in senior living communities and support the feasibility and acceptability of SOPT in assisted and independent living for older adults.
Older Adult and Surrogate Perspectives on Serious, Difficult, and Important Medical Decisions
Authors: Petrillo Laura A. , McMahan Ryan D. , Tang Victoria , Dohan Daniel , Sudore Rebecca L. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo elicit decisions that diverse older adults and surrogates perceive as serious, difficult, or important and explore what helped them make those decisions.DesignFocus groups (N=13) in which participants were asked to recall serious, difficult, or important medical decisions and what helped them make those decisions.SettingClinics, support groups and senior centers.ParticipantsDiverse English‐ and Spanish‐speaking older adults (age: mean 78, range 64–89) and surrogates (age: mean 57, range 33–76) (29% African American, 26% white, 26% Asian or Pacific Islander, 19% Hispanic) (N=69).MeasurementsWe used thematic analysis to analyze transcripts.ResultsWe identified 168 decisions. Older adults from all racial and ethnic groups frequently recalled cancer treatment decisions and decisions about chronic illness management. Surrogates described decisions about transitions in care and medical crises. Older adults valued self‐sufficiency and maximizing survival and relied on personal experiences as often as medical advice. In all racial and ethnic groups, surrogates valued avoiding suffering for loved ones.ConclusionDiverse older adults and surrogates perceive life‐threatening illness and day‐to‐day decisions about chronic disease to be serious, difficult, and important. The surrogates' goal of avoiding suffering of older adults may differ from older adults' priorities of self‐sufficiency and maximizing survival. Clinicians should support older adults and surrogates in identifying important and difficult decisions and learn about the values and information sources they bring to decision‐making. With this knowledge, clinicians can customize decision support and achieve person‐centered care.
Trajectories of Relative Performance with 2 Measures of Global Cognitive Function
Authors: Espeland Mark A. , Chen Jiu‐Chiuan , Weitlauf Julie , Hayden Kathleen M. , Rapp Stephen R. , Resnick Susan M. , Garcia Lorena , Cannell Brad , Baker Laura D. , Sachs Bonnie C. , Tindle Hilary A. , Wallace Robert , Casanova Ramon ,   for the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Group
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo examine whether trajectories of global cognitive function over time in studies that change assessment protocols may be modeled based on an individual's performance relative to others in the study cohort.DesignExtended follow‐up of a cohort originally enrolled in a clinical trial of postmenopausal hormone therapy.SettingThe Women's Health Initiative Memory Study switched from an in‐person interview with the Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination to a telephone‐based interview with the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status to assess global cognitive function over long‐term follow‐up.ParticipantsWomen aged 75 to 92 (N=2,561).MeasurementsAnnual cognitive assessments from participants, ranked according to age‐, race‐ and ethnicity‐adjusted performance levels, were used to identify distinct trajectories. Participants assigned to the resulting trajectories were compared for selected risk factor profiles.ResultsOur approach grouped participants into five trajectories according to relative cognitive performance over time. These groups differed significantly according to 3 known risk factors for cognitive decline—education level, apolipoprotein E‐ϵ4 genotype, and type 2 diabetes mellitus—and a biomarker based on brain structure that has been linked to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Participants with consistently low relative levels of cognitive function over time and those whose relative performance over time declined to these levels tended to have poorer risk factor profiles.ConclusionLongitudinal measures of an individual's relative performance on different assessment protocols for global cognitive function can be used to identify trajectories of change over time that appear to have internal validity with respect to known risk factors.
Association Between History of Abuse and Falling in Older Adults
Authors: Reyes‐Ortiz Carlos A. , Ocampo‐Chaparro Jose Mauricio , Campo‐Arias Adalberto , Holmes Holly , Halphen John 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo explore the association between history of several types of abuse and falling.DesignCross‐sectional population‐based study.SettingData from the Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (Health, Well‐being, and Aging) Bogotá Study.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 60 and older living in Bogotá, Colombia (n=2,000).MeasurementsFalling was defined as the number of times a person had fallen during the previous 12 months. History of abuse was assessed according to self‐report. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between elder abuse and falling, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsMultivariate data analyses showed significant higher odds of any falls (≥1 vs 0) for past emotional (odds ratio (OR)=1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.23–1.90), physical (OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.57–2.51), or sexual (OR=3.08, 95% CI=1.78–5.32) abuse. Similarly, the odds of recurrent falls (≥2 vs 0–1) were significantly higher with each type of abuse. In addition, the odds of any falls and recurrent falls were significant higher in participants with polyvictimization (≥2 types of abuse) than in those with no history of abuse or 1 type of abuse.ConclusionHistory of abuse (emotional, physical, or sexual) was strongly associated with falling in older adults living in Bogota. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and further delineate the independent effects of elder abuse on fall risk.
Manual signing throughout the day: Influence from staff's sign use and type of activity
Authors: Rombouts E. , Maes B. , Zink I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundBoth individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and staff may be more inclined to use manual signs during formal than informal activities. In addition, the sign use of individuals with ID and staff is positively related. It is unclear if activity type and the sign use of staff interact as they shape the sign use of individuals with ID.MethodsThrough non‐continuous partial interval coding, we observed frequency of manual sign usage in adults with ID during communicative activities, non‐communicative activities and mealtimes in four special schools and 4‐day centres. Using loglinear analysis and partial associations, we measured how sign use varied by activity between the people with ID and the staff.ResultsWhen staff used signs, clients and students did not vary their spontaneous signing rate between types of activities. When staff did not use signs, a differential influence appeared according to the type of activity: clients and students were significantly more likely to also refrain from using signs during mealtimes and leisure or work activities such as crafts (84% to 89% of the time) than during communicative activities such as signing sessions (65% of the time).ConclusionsReluctance of staff to model sign use seemed to hinder signing implementation by the people with ID. Future studies should take into account various levels of sign prompting and increasing pragmatic functions of individuals' sign use.