bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of intestinal failure from necrotizing enterocolitis following surgery
Authors: Wang Huan , Wang Yan , Deng Chun , Li Lei , Guo Chunbao 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for intestinal failure (IF) in infants who received surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
A retrospective multicenter case-series study was conducted in a sample of 91 infants admitted to Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2010 and December 2017. The occurrence of IF was defined as the dependence on parenteral nutrition for ≥90 days. Logistic regression was used to investigate the predictors of IF.
Of 179 patients reviewed, excluding those with intestinal malformation and inadequate information, 91 were included in the study, and of these cases, 32 (35.2%) developed IF. Controlling for other factors, multivariate analysis showed that birth weight (OR = 0.999; 95% CI, 0.998–1.000; P = .010), the length of the bowel resected (OR = 1.109; 95% CI, 1.048–1.173; P = .000), and the percentage of small bowel resected (OR = 1.305; 95% CI, 1.133–1.504; P = .000) were factors that increased the chances of IF occurrence.
Our data demonstrated that variables characteristic of severe NEC, including lower birth weight, greater extent of bowel resection, and larger percentage of small bowel resection were associated with the incidence of IF.
The effects of intradialytic resistance training on muscle strength, psychological well-being, clinical outcomes and circulatory micro-ribonucleic acid profiles in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Zelko Aurel , Skoumalova Ivana , Kolarcik Peter , Rosenberger Jaroslav , Rabajdova Miroslava , Marekova Maria , Geckova Andrea Madarasova , van Dijk Jitse P. , Reijneveld Sijmen A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background:
Intradialytic resistance training (IRT) protects patients’ muscle mass and functions against protein-energy wasting, malnutrition and cachexia. However, the evidence of the effects of such an intervention in haemodialysis patients is limited and not conclusive. To improve the applicability of such interventions, we need a better understanding of molecular, functional and psycho-social adaptation in dialysed patients following a physical training. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of IRT on lower extremity muscle functions, quality of life, and anxiety and depression, clinical outcomes and circulatory micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) profiles in patients on chronic haemodialysis therapy.

Methods:
We will perform a quasi-experimental study in 3 dialysis centres. Patients will be recruited via their nephrologists and will be allocated to an experimental and a control group based on the location of the patients’ dialysis centre. Patients allocated to the experimental group will undergo a 12-week IRT, while the control group will remain physically inactive during dialysis. The primary outcome is the change in the maximal force produced during an isometric contraction of lower extremity muscles. Secondary outcomes regard quality of life, anxiety and depression, clinical outcomes and circulatory miRNA profiles. Patients’ level of health literacy defined as the ability to get and understand health information will be also measured in the study as a potential modifier of effects.

Discussion:
This quasi-experimental study can add in an important way to our understanding of the effects of resistance training on dialysis patients’ muscle strength, quality of life and disease-specific outcomes.
The impact of natural disasters on medicare costs in U.S. gulf coast states
Authors: Horney Jennifer , Rosenheim Nathanael , Zhao Hongwei , Radcliff Tiffany 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Medicare utilization and costs for residents of the U.S. Gulf Coast, who are highly vulnerable to natural disasters, may be impacted by their disaster exposure.
To estimate differences in healthcare utilization by disaster exposure, we calculated Medicare expenditures among residents of U.S. Gulf States and compared them with expenditures among residents of other regions of the U.S.
Panel models were used to calculate changes in overall Medicare expenditures, inpatient expenditures, and home health expenditures for 32,819 Medicare beneficiaries. Individual demographic characteristics were included as predictors of change in expenditures.
Medicare beneficiaries with National Health Interview Survey participation were identified and Part A claims were linked. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) data was used to determine counties that experienced no, some, high, and extreme hazard exposure. FEMA data was merged with Medicare claims data to create a panel dataset from 2001 to 2007.
Medicare Part A claims for the years 2001 to 2007 were merged with FEMA data related to disasters in each U.S. County. Overall Medicare costs, as well as costs for inpatient and home health care for residents of states located along the U.S. Gulf Coast (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida) were compared to costs for residents of the rest of the U.S.
Expenditures among residents of U.S. Gulf States decreased with increased hazard exposure. Decreases in inpatient expenditures persisted in the years following a disaster.
The use of beneficiary-level data highlights the potential for natural hazards to impact health care costs. This study demonstrates the possibility that exposure to more severe disasters may limit access to health care and therefore reduce expenditures. Additional research is needed to determine if there is a substitution of services (e.g., inpatient rehabilitation for home health) in disaster-affected areas during the post-disaster period.
The correlation between the microstructure of meibomian glands and ocular Demodex infestation
Authors: Cheng Shengnan , Zhang Mingchang , Chen Hua , Fan Wanlin , Huang Yukan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common disease in ophthalmic clinic. This study aimed to explore ocular Demodex infestation on the microstructure changes of the meibomian glands (MGs) in patients with MGD by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).
We retrospectively reviewed 103 eyes of 52 patients with MGD and 62 eyes of 31 non-MGD patients. All enrolled patients underwent IVCM examination. The following IVCM parameters were recorded: the MG acinar density (MAD), MG acinar longest diameter (MALD), MG acinar shortest diameter (MASD), MG orifice area (MOA), severity of MG fibrosis (MF), MG acinar irregularity (MAI), meibum secretion reflectivity (MSR), inhomogeneous appearance of walls of acinar units (AWI) and periglandular interstices of acinar units (API), and the number of Demodex.
The positive rate of Demodex infestation in MGDs was 89.32%, and statistically higher than control group (controls; P < .001). All parameters showed statistically significant differences between MGDs and controls (P < .001), and Demodex-negative group and Demodex-positive group (P < .05) in both MGDs and controls, except MAD (P = .826) in controls. The number of Demodex was positively correlated with MALD, MASD, MF, MAI, MSR, AWI, and API in MGDs and controls (P < .05), and negatively correlated with MAD and MOA in MGDs (P < .05). MOA showed a strong significant correlation with the number of Demodex in controls (P < .001), whereas there was no significant difference between the number of Demodex and the MAD in controls (P = .448).

Demodex can cause microstructural changes of MGs, which can cause or aggravate MGD, and the more the number of Demodex infestation, the more serious the structural damage.
Scleral patch grafting for scleral wound thinning after pars plana phacoemulsification and aspiration
Authors: Terubayashi Yuya , Morishita Seita , Fukumoto Masanori , Sato Takaki , Kida Teruyo , Ikeda Tsunehiko 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Here we report the case of a patient who required closure with an autologous scleral patch graft during reoperation after developing marked scleral thinning in the late stage after pars plana phacoemulsification and aspiration (PPPEA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reports of the procedure being used for the treatment of a thinned scleral section post PPPEA.

Patient concerns:
This study involved a 73-year-old woman who had undergone vitreous surgery combined with PPPEA for retinal detachment in her right eye 8 years earlier and subsequently underwent intraocular lens (IOL) ciliary sulcus suture fixation.

Diagnoses:
She became aware of visual disturbance in her right eye and slit-lamp examination revealed the dislocation of the IOL.

Interventions:
To remove the dislocated IOL and resuture the nasal loop back onto the ciliary sulcus of the patient's right eye, a 25-guage trocar was placed on the superior temporal side.

Outcomes:
Subsequent removal of the trocar from the patient's right eye left an approximately 3-mm-wide oval-shaped gap at the trocar insertion site due to extreme thinning of the sclera in that area; that is, the location where the PPPEA was performed. Since suture fixation failed to stop intraocular fluid leakage, an inferior free half-thickness scleral flap was created to patch the scleral wound. Postsurgery, the leakage in that eye stopped and the intraocular pressure was stable. No complications were observed during the 1-year-postoperative follow-up period.

Lessons:
Since thermal injuries during PPPEA may lead to postoperative scleral thinning, surgeons should avoid the site of a prior PPPEA when constructing a scleral wound during reoperation.
Feasibility of non-enhanced CT for assessing longitudinal changes in hepatic steatosis
Authors: Kim Min Gi , Lee Seung Soo , Jun Myung Joon , Byun Jieun , Sung Yu Sub , Shin Youngbin , Lee Moon-gyu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To evaluate the feasibility of computed tomography (CT) in the assessment of the change in hepatic steatosis (HS) in longitudinal follow-up by employing pathological HS as the reference standard.
We retrospectively evaluated 38 living liver donor candidates (27 men and 11 women; mean age, 29.5 years) who underwent liver biopsy twice and had liver CT scans within 1 week of each biopsy. Four readers independently calculated CTL-S index by subtracting spleen attenuation from liver attenuation on non-enhanced CT images. The changes in pathological HS (ΔHS) and CTL-S (ΔCTL-S) between the 1st and 2nd examinations were assessed. The correlation between ΔHS and ΔCTL-S was assessed using the linear regression analysis. Inter-observer measurement error for ΔCTL-S among the 4 readers was assessed using the repeatability coefficient.
ΔCTL-S showed a significant correlation with ΔHS in all readers (r = 0.571–0.65, P < .001). The inter-observer measurement error for ΔCTL-S was ±8.9. The ΔCTL-S values beyond the measurement error were associated with a consistent change in HS in 83.3% (13/15) to 100% (15/15), with sensitivities of 47.8 to 79.9% and specificities of 86.7 to 100% for detecting an absolute change of ≥10% in HS among the 4 readers. However, ΔCTL-S values within the measurement error were associated with a consistent change in HS in 43.5% (8/19) to 61.5% (16/26).
The change in CTL-S roughly reflects the change in HS during longitudinal follow-up. A small change in CTL-S should not be considered meaningful, while a larger change in CTL-S beyond the measurement error strongly indicates a true change in HS.
Primary mixed adenocarcinoma and small-cell carcinoma of appendix
Authors: Kim Woo Seok , Lee Dong Gi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Primary extrapulmonary small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of appendix is reported very rarely. We report herein a case of mixed SCC and adenocarcinoma of appendix.

Patient's concern:
A 70-year-old female was consulted to our Emergency Department with the right lower abdominal pain and low-grade fever for 2 days.

Diagnosis:
Abdominal ultrasonography revealed the perforated appendicitis with periappendiceal abscess. Postoperative histology confirmed the diagnosis of mixed SCC and adenocarcinoma.

Interventions:
After laparoscopic appendectomy, she underwent right hemicolectomy for radical surgery.

Outcomes:
Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed and histological examination showed mixed SCC and adenocarcinoma. After confirming that there was no other organ metastasis, right hemicolectomy was performed for radical surgery. Five months after surgery, the patient expired due to multiple organ metastases.

Lessons:
Further studies are required for better understanding of disease entities, and clinical trials are needed to define adequate treatment strategies for extrapulmonary SCC.
Brain Abnormalities in Different Phases of Working Memory in Schizophrenia
Authors: Fan Feng-Mei , Xiang Hong , Wen Yun , Zhao Yan-Li , Zhu Xiao-Lin , Wang Yun-Hui , Yang Fu-De , Tan Yun-Long , Tan Shu-Ping 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The current study aimed to examine both gray matter and functional activity changes in schizophrenia by combing both structural and task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Nineteen patients with schizophrenia and 17 controls were recruited. The fMRI scan was performed while performing a working memory (WM) task. In terms of task performance, accuracy did not differ between groups, but there were significant differences in reaction time. Compared with controls, patients exhibited decreased functional activation in prefrontal areas, insula, lingual gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus during different phases of WM. The subcallosal cortex showed increased activation. Intriguingly, a structural-functional correlation was found in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and subcallosal cortex in patients when performing high-load WM task. This study demonstrated both impaired gray matter volume and functional activation during WM in schizophrenia, suggesting structural and functional impairments. The structural-functional correlation in schizophrenia suggested that structural damage in schizophrenia might induce a decreased ability to modulate functional response in accordance with increasing task difficulty.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Diabetes in Pregnancy
Authors: Bishop Katherine C. , Harris Benjamin S. , Boyd Brita K. , Reiff Emily S. , Brown Laura , Kuller Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2019

Importance
Diabetes affects 6% to 9% of pregnancies, with gestational diabetes mellitus accounting for more than 90% of cases. Pregestational and gestational diabetes are associated with significant maternal and fetal risks; therefore, screening and treatment during pregnancy are recommended. Recommendations regarding the preferred treatment of diabetes in pregnancy have recently changed, with slight differences between American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) recommendations.

Objective
Our review discusses the diagnosis, management, and treatment of pregestational and gestational diabetes with the oral hypoglycemic agents metformin and glyburide as well as insulin. We also review the evidence for the safety and efficacy of these medications in pregnancy.

Evidence Acquisition
Articles were obtained from PubMed, the ACOG Practice Bulletin on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, and the SMFM statement on the pharmacological treatment of gestational diabetes.

Results
Insulin does not cross the placenta and has an established safety profile in pregnancy and is therefore considered a first-line treatment for gestational diabetes. Metformin and glyburide have also been shown to be relatively safe in pregnancy but with more limited long-term data. Regarding maternal and fetal outcomes, metformin is superior to glyburide and similar to insulin.

Conclusions and Relevance
Insulin is the preferred pharmacologic treatment according to ACOG. However, SMFM has stated that outcomes with metformin are similar, and it may also be considered as first-line therapy. Both agree that the available data show that metformin is safer and superior to glyburide, and glyburide is no longer recommended as a first-line therapy for the treatment of gestational diabetes.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to compare the maternal/fetal risks associated with glyburide, metformin, and insulin therapy; describe how to initiate insulin therapy (dosing and type of insulin) in patients who fail initial management; and explain the intrapartum and postpartum treatment of preexisting and gestational diabetes.
The Opioid Epidemic in the United States—Overview, Origins, and Potential Solutions
Authors: Jones Greg H. , Bruera Eduardo , Abdi Salahadin , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: May 2019

(Abstracted from Cancer 2018;124:4279–4286)
Over the last 20 years, there has been a staggering increase in addiction to opiates and the number of deaths from opioids in the United States. The initial trigger for the epidemic was a letter to the editor published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1980 (N Engl J Med 1980;302:123), which reported that fewer than 1% of 11,000 patients who received opioids in a hospital setting became addicted.
Job Stress and Heart Rate Variability: Findings From the ELSA-Brasil Cohort
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Itamar Gusmão , Camelo Lidyane V. , Mill José Geraldo , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz , de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca Maria , Härter Griep Rosane , Bensenor Isabela Judith , Santos Itamar S. , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Giatti Luana 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveEvidence suggests that exposure to psychosocial stress at work can inhibit vagal tonus, influencing the capacity to respond to environmental stimuli. We investigated whether job strain and low control and high demand at work, as separate measures, are associated with a reduction in heart rate variability (HRV).MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with 9658 active workers at the baseline (2008–2010) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA–Brasil). HRV was estimated using electrocardiographic recordings for 10 minutes, at rest, examining the following indices were used: root mean square of successive difference, standard deviation of normal to normal, percentage of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference lasting more than 50 ms, low frequency (LF), and high frequency. Job strain was defined based on the demand-control model. Independent associations between job strain and HRV indices were verified using generalized linear models and the magnitude of the association was estimated by evaluating the ratios of arithmetic means.ResultsNeither the unfavorable demand-control relation nor job demand dimension separately was associated with HRV. However, the increase of one unit in the control dimension was associated with an increment of 2.2% (95% confidence interval = 1.014–1.029) in the LF mean. After adjustments for sociodemographic characteristics, assessment site, health-related behaviors, and depression, this association remained statistically significant (ratio of arithmetic means = 1.008; 95% confidence interval = 1.0002–1.017).ConclusionsJob control was associated with HRV in a large cohort of civil servants. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that only the LF index remained associated with low job control. Further studies are needed to develop a greater understanding of the relationship of psychosocial aspects and autonomic balance.
Application of Contrast-Enhanced Sonography on the Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Rejection After Renal Transplantation
Authors: Cai Ruiming , Tao Liu , Liang Weixiang , Lin Minzhuan , Guo Xuekun , Huang Xian-en 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To test the reliability of CEUS on the diagnosis of acute (AR) or chronic rejection (CR) after renal transplantation, patients who received renal transplantation in our center from January 2011 and December 2015 were retrospectively included in the current study. All the included patients underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasonography tests. Two regions of interests were chosen to carry out time-intensity curves (TICs). The main indexes include time indexes, intensity indexes, and difference indexes. Separation of TIC1 and TIC2 was evaluated by the authors. Results revealed that time to peak 1 (TTP-1), TTP-2, absolute time to peak 1 (ATTP-1), and ATTP-2 in the CR group were significantly later than those in the graft function stable group. Peak intensity 2 is smaller in the AR group than that in the GFS group, velocity of intensity ascending 2 is slower in the CR group than that in the GFS group, terminal intensity 1 (TI-1) and TI-2 are lower in the CR group than those in the GFS group, and Vd-1 is faster in the CR group than that in the GFS group (P < 0.05). Those results indicated that contrast-enhanced ultrasonography test can satisfactorily reflect the microcirculation of transplanted kidney and can be used to assist in the early diagnosis of graft rejection.
Two Cases of De Novo Pathological Gambling Associated With Aripiprazole
Authors: Chen Hui-Yi , Ma Chia-Hao , Liu Chen-Chung 
Published: May 2019

Objectives
Pathological gambling can be potentiated by treatment with dopamine agonists. Aripiprazole, bearing a partial agonist activity at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, has also been linked to such a behavioral aberration, usually on subjects predisposed with tendency of impulsive or addictive behaviors.

Methods
Review of patient's medical records and literature review.

Results
Two young patients' pathological gambling emerged simply due to exposure to aripiprazole, neither related to manic or psychotic symptoms nor with history of addictive or impulsive behaviors. Their pathological gambling disappeared soon after switching aripiprazole to other antipsychotics. One patient has tested such a relationship by reexposure to aripiprazole while his compulsion to gamble recurred.

Conclusions
In addition to previously recognized risk factors, pathological gambling might occur in young patients whose history did not reveal an addictive tendency while they were sensitive to the pharmacological effect, as well as adverse effects, of psychotropic agents.
Sources of solar energetic particles
Authors: Vlahos Loukas , Anastasiadis Anastasios , Papaioannou Athanasios , Kouloumvakos Athanasios , Isliker Heinz 
Published: May 2019

Solar energetic particles are an integral part of the physical processes related with space weather. We present a review for the acceleration mechanisms related to the explosive phenomena (flares and/or coronal mass ejections, CMEs) inside the solar corona. For more than 40 years, the main two-dimensional cartoon representing our understanding of the explosive phenomena inside the solar corona remained almost unchanged. The acceleration mechanisms related to solar flares and CMEs also remained unchanged and were part of the same cartoon. In this review, we revise the standard cartoon and present evidence from recent global magnetohydrodynamic simulations that support the argument that explosive phenomena will lead to the spontaneous formation of current sheets in different parts of the erupting magnetic structure. The evolution of the large-scale current sheets and their fragmentation will lead to strong turbulence and turbulent reconnection during solar flares and turbulent shocks. In other words, the acceleration mechanism in flares and CME-driven shocks may be the same, and their difference will be the overall magnetic topology, the ambient plasma parameters, and the duration of the unstable driver.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Solar eruptions and their space weather impact’.