bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of behaviour in improving the production of shrimp in aquaculture
Authors: Bardera Guillermo , Usman Nafiha , Owen Matthew , Pountney Daniel , Sloman Katherine A. , Alexander Mhairi E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere is an increasing recognition within the aquaculture industry that understanding the behaviour of farmed animals can help provide solutions to feeding problems. However, most studies have focused on finfish production, with fewer behavioural studies on feeding processes in commercially produced crustaceans. More than 60% of crustacean aquaculture is attributed to the production of penaeids, particularly the Pacific white‐leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone). The profitability of the Pacific white‐leg shrimp for aquaculture stems from its ability to survive in a wide range of environments and its fast growth at high densities. However, there are significant setbacks within their farming. In particular, while they can move rapidly to take food pellets, they can be slow to consume them leading to food wastage and subsequent economic losses for the industry. Understanding shrimp behaviour provides a starting point for refinements to feeding practices. Here, we review the different influences on shrimp behaviour which are likely to influence productivity such as individual‐level effects (e.g. moulting, sex), environmental influences (e.g. photoperiod, conspecific presence) and water quality (e.g. salinity, temperature). Although work on feed management has been conducted, providing information on nutrition, feeding frequency and schedules, here we demonstrate that such advances must be accompanied by behavioural approaches to allow the development of optimal feeding efficiencies and to support the continued growth of the crustacean aquaculture industry.
One standard to rule them all?
Authors: Daoust Marc‐Kevin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt has been argued that an epistemically rational agent's evidence is subjectively mediated through some rational epistemic standards, and that there are incompatible but equally rational epistemic standards available to agents. This supports Permissiveness, the view according to which one or multiple fully rational agents are permitted to take distinct incompatible doxastic attitudes towards P (relative to a body of evidence). In this paper, I argue that the above claims entail the existence of a unique and more reliable epistemic standard. My strategy relies on Condorcet's Jury Theorem. This gives rise to an important problem for those who argue that epistemic standards are permissive, since the reliability criterion is incompatible with such a type of Permissiveness.
When ignorance excuses
Authors: Le Morvan Pierre 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn ingenious argument – we may call it the Argument from Excuse – purports to show that the Standard View of Ignorance is false and the New View of Ignorance is true. On the former, ignorance is lack of knowledge; on the latter, ignorance is lack of true belief. I defend the Standard View by arguing that the Argument from Excuse is unsound. I also argue that an implication of my case is that Factual Ignorance Thesis (FIT) is false. According to FIT, whenever an agent A acts from factual ignorance, A is morally blameworthy (culpable) for the act only if A is morally blameworthy (culpable) for the ignorance from which A acts.
Obstructive sleep apnoea independently predicts lipid levels: Data from the European Sleep Apnea Database
Authors: Gündüz Canan , Basoglu Ozen K. , Hedner Jan , Zou Ding , Bonsignore Maria R. , Hein Holger , Staats Richard , Pataka Athanasia , Barbe Ferran , Sliwinski Pavel , Kent Brian D. , Pepin Jean Lois , Grote Ludger ,   on behalf of the European Sleep Apnea Database Collaborators
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and dyslipidaemia are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the association between OSA and plasma lipid concentrations in patients enrolled in the European Sleep Apnea Database (ESADA) cohort.MethodsThe cross‐sectional analysis included 8592 patients without physician‐diagnosed hyperlipidaemia or reported intake of a lipid‐lowering drug (age 50.1 ± 12.7 years, 69.1% male, BMI: 30.8 ± 6.6 kg/m2, mean apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI): 25.7 ± 25.9 events/h). The independent relationship between measures of OSA (AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), mean and lowest oxygen saturation) and lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and fasting triglycerides (TG)) was determined by means of general linear model analysis.ResultsThere was a dose response relationship between TC and ODI (mean ± SE (mg/dL): 180.33 ± 2.46, 184.59 ± 2.42, 185.44 ± 2.42 and 185.73 ± 2.44; P < 0.001 across ODI quartiles I–IV). TG and LDL concentrations were better predicted by AHI than by ODI. HDL‐C was significantly reduced in the highest AHI quartile (mean ± SE (mg/dL): 48.8 ± 1.49 vs 46.50 ± 1.48; P = 0.002, AHI quartile I vs IV). Morbid obesity was associated with lower TC and higher HDL‐C values. Lipid status was influenced by geographical location with the highest TC concentration recorded in Northern Europe.ConclusionOSA severity was independently associated with cholesterol and TG concentrations.
Concurrent cross‐reactivity of microbiota‐derived epitopes to both self and pathogens may underlie the “Hygiene hypothesis”
Authors: Usharauli David , Kamala Tirumalai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe current iteration of the “Hygiene hypothesis” proposes precipitous decline in exposure to conserved microbial products and metabolites in individuals in developed countries undermines innate self‐nonself “training” of immune system leading to allergy and autoimmunity. However, lack of innate “training” alone fails to account for the antigen‐driven nature of these immunopathologies. Here, we advance an alternative, antigen‐specific interpretive framework, SPIRAL (Specific ImmunoRegulatory Algorithm) that predicts “loss” of commensal microbiota‐derived epitopes cross‐reactive to both self and pathogens, rather than conserved microbial moieties or metabolites, underlies the “Hygiene hypothesis.” By mechanistically delineating how loss of selective microbiota in predisposed individuals could lead to corresponding “holes” in the epitope‐specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cell repertoire and subsequent selective immunopathologies, SPIRAL represents a novel interpretation of cross‐reactivity that could enable targeted discovery of microbiota species and their associated Treg epitopes “missing” in the diseases “Hygiene hypothesis” implicates, and provides a roadmap for a novel unified interpretation of self‐nonself discrimination and T helper phenotype selection.
Emotion understanding and maternal sensitivity as protective factors against hostile attribution bias in anger‐prone children
Authors: Wong Maria S. , Chen Xi , McElwain Nancy L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present research examined children’s anger proneness, emotion understanding, and maternal sensitivity during toddlerhood as predictors of children’s hostile attribution bias (HAB) during the later preschool years. At 2.8 years (N = 128), maternal sensitivity (e.g., child‐centered behavior) was observed during mother–child play and snack, and parents reported on children’s anger proneness. At 3.3 years, emotion understanding (i.e., ability to identify emotional expressions accurately) was measured via an interactive puppet interview. At 4.8 and 5.4 years, children's HAB was assessed via child responses to hypothetical vignettes of ambiguous peer provocations. Path models revealed that maternal sensitivity predicted fewer hostile attributions. In addition, emotion understanding and maternal sensitivity emerged as buffers against the negative effect of anger proneness on HAB. Specifically, greater anger proneness was associated with more frequent hostile attributions, but only when children had lower emotion understanding or had mothers who were less sensitive. The findings highlight the interplay between intrapersonal and interpersonal factors in early childhood that contribute to a hostile attribution bias during the preschool period.
Fosfomycin trometamol in the prophylaxis of post‐kidney transplant urinary tract infection: A controlled, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Arreola‐Guerra José M. , Rosado‐Canto Rodrigo , Alberú Josefina , Maravilla Ernesto , Torres‐González Pedro , Criollo Elia , Pérez Maria , Mancilla Eduardo , Arvizu Mauricio , Morales‐Buenrostro Luis Eduardo , Vilatobá‐Chapa Mario , Sifuentes‐Osornio José 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fosfomycin trometamol (FOS) in urinary tract infection (UTI) prophylaxis during the first 6 months after renal transplant (RT).MethodsThe intervention group received 3 g of FOS PO every 10 days and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX, 160/800 mg) three times per week (Group 1), whereas the control group received TMP‐SMX (160/800 mg) daily (Group 2). The outcomes were the time until the first UTI (symptomatic infection or asymptomatic bacteriuria (>105 CFU/mL)) and the incidence of UTI during the first 6 months post RT. Intermediate analysis was conducted after one‐half of the estimated sample size of patients was enrolled.ResultsThe recruitment of patients was stopped after the intermediate analysis due showed no emerging trends or reasonable chance of demonstrating benefit. Sixty‐seven patients were included (32 in Group 1 and 35 in Group 2). The UTI incidence (40.6% vs 42.8%, P = 0.85) and time until the first episode were similar between the groups (log rank, P = 0.862). UTI due to Klebsiella spp. was observed in both groups at equal rates (25% vs 20%, P = 0.62), episodes due to Escherichia coli were less frequent in Group 1 (12.5% vs 34.2%, P = 0.04), and Enterococcus faecalis infection only occurred in Group 2 (n = 4). Resistance to FOS was observed for Klebsiella spp.; in contrast, E. coli and E. faecalis were susceptible.ConclusionsThe addition of FOS to TMP‐SMX was not beneficial for the prevention of UTI after RT in our setting. (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01820897).
Association of intestinal pathogens with faecal markers of environmental enteric dysfunction among slum‐dwelling children in the first 2 years of life in Bangladesh
Authors: Fahim Shah Mohammad , Das Subhasish , Gazi Md. Amran , Mahfuz Mustafa , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveEnvironmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) can be assessed by faecal biomarkers such as Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Neopterin (NEO) and Alpha‐1 anti‐trypsin (AAT). We aimed to test the association of intestinal pathogens with faecal markers of EED among slum‐dwelling children in first 2 years of life.MethodsThe MAL‐ED birth cohort data of Bangladesh site were used to conduct this analysis. Multivariable analyses using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were performed to test the association between intestinal pathogens and faecal markers of EED.ResultsGiardiasis, ascariasis and trichuriasis were the most frequent parasitic infections and Campylobacter spp., Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were the common bacterial pathogens observed in stool samples of the children. Overall, 71%, 97% and 58% of stool samples were above values considered normal in non‐tropical settings for MPO, NEO and AAT respectively. Giardiasis was found to be significantly associated with MPO (Coefficient = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.15, 0.95; P‐value = 0.008) and AAT concentrations (Coefficient = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.04, 0.63; P‐value = 0.03). A significant association was found between trichuriasis and NEO (Coefficient = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.19, 1.61; P‐value = 0.01). Trichuriasis (Coefficient = 1.71; 95% CI = 0.32, 3.11; P‐value = 0.02) and giardiasis (Coefficient = 1.51; 95% CI = 0.79, 2.23; P‐value <0.001) were significantly associated with EED score. Children with EAEC had significantly higher MPO concentrations (Coefficient = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.61; P‐value = 0.02).ConclusionThe study results imply the importance of intestinal pathogens in contributing to intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability in young children.
Evaluation of the analytical variability of urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio in cats
Authors: Giraldi Marco , Rossi Gabriele , Bertazzolo Walter , Negri Stefano , Paltrinieri Saverio , Scarpa Paola 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundProteinuria quantification with the urinary protein‐to‐creatinine (UPC) ratio is part of the diagnostic process in feline patients suspected of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In affected cats, monitoring and substaging of the UPC according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines is also necessary for appropriate patient management. No information is available about the possible effects of analytical variability on urinary proteins (UPs) and the UPC ratio in cats.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine whether imprecision and method‐dependent differences due to the two dye‐binding methods, pyrogallol red‐molybdate (PRM) and Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB), could affect IRIS substaging.MethodsUrine samples were collected from proteinuric and nonproteinuric cats. Intra‐assay and inter‐assay repeatability were assessed with both the PRM and CBB methods. Urinary supernatants (n = 120) were tested using both methods. Agreement between the methods and concordance with sample classification according to IRIS guidelines were determined.ResultsOn average, the PRM method yielded a higher CV (UP 8.4 ± 5.2%; UPC 9.5 ± 4.8%) than the CBB method (UP 5.6 ± 2.6%; UPC 7.2 ± 2.6%), but similar rates of misclassification were found in samples with UPC ratios close to the IRIS cut‐off. Although the two methods were correlated, the CBB method tended to yield UPs and UPC ratios that were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than that of the PRM method. The Passing‐Bablok test also found constant and proportional errors between the PRM and CBB methods. Concordance in substaging samples according to IRIS was good (k coefficient = 0.62).ConclusionsThe two methods were precise, but the higher UPC ratios obtained with the CBB methods might affect the interpretation using the IRIS guidelines and clinical decisions.
Correlation of electrophoretic urine protein banding patterns with severity of renal damage in dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hokamp Jessica A. , Leidy Sidney A. , Gaynanova Irina , Cianciolo Rachel E. , Nabity Mary B. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundUrine protein loss is common in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Currently available noninvasive means of evaluating CKD in dogs cannot accurately predict the severity of glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage. Electrophoretic analysis of urine proteins can indicate the compromised renal compartment (glomerular vs tubular), but extensive evaluation of protein banding pattern associations with histologic damage severity has not been performed in dogs.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate electrophoretic banding patterns as indicators of the presence and severity of glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage in dogs with naturally occurring, predominantly proteinuric CKD.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study using urine and renal tissue from 207 dogs with CKD. Urine protein banding patterns were correlated with histologic severity of renal damage. Sensitivity and specificity of banding patterns for the detection of glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage were determined.ResultsBanding patterns were 97% sensitive and 100% specific for the detection of glomerular damage and 90% sensitive and 100% specific for the detection of tubulointerstitial damage. Correlations between composite banding patterns and the severity of renal damage were strong, while glomerular banding patterns correlated moderately with glomerular damage severity, and tubular gel scores correlated weakly to moderately with the severity of tubulointerstitial damage.Conclusions and clinical importanceUrine protein banding patterns are useful for the detection of glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage in dogs with proteinuric CKD.
Combined carbon dioxide laser and cryosurgical ablation of rostral nasal septum squamous cell carcinoma in 10 dogs
Authors: Ierace Maria K. , Canfield Michael S. , Peters‐Kennedy Jeanine , Kane Curtis W. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most commonly reported neoplasm of the nasal planum and treatment is focused on localized disease. Rostral maxillectomy and/or nasal planectomy are considered standard of care for excision of nasal planum SCC; however, the cosmetic outcome of these procedures can be deemed unacceptable by many pet owners.ObjectivesThe study aim was to evaluate the efficacy of combination carbon dioxide (CO2) laser surgery and cryosurgery as a palliative treatment modality in dogs with nasal SCCs.AnimalsTen client‐owned dogs with nasal SCC were included: seven neutered males, two spayed females and one intact male, with a median age of 12.5 years (range 9–15 years).Methods and materialsTumour CO2 laser ablation was followed by cryosurgical ablation of the visible tumour, adjacent and subjacent tissue. Three rapid freeze–slow thaw cycles were performed.ResultsEight of 10 dogs were Labrador retrievers. The ages ranged from 9 to 14 years. Overall median survival time was 260 days with two dogs still alive at the time of writing.Conclusions and clinical importanceCombined CO2 laser and cryosurgical ablation was practical, cost‐effective and provided an excellent aesthetic outcome in dogs with SCCs restricted to the nasal septum, while providing acceptable palliation of local disease.
The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for healing chronic venous leg ulcers: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Thistlethwaite Kenneth R. , Finlayson Kathleen J. , Cooper P. David , Brown Bebe , Bennett Michael H. , Kay Graeme , O'Reilly Maria T. , Edwards Helen E. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTOver 30% of venous leg ulcers do not heal despite evidence‐based treatment. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) as an adjunct treatment for nonhealing venous leg ulcers. A randomized, double‐blind, parallel group, placebo‐controlled trial was undertaken in three hyperbaric medicine units. Adults with a venous leg ulcer, Transcutaneous Oxygen Measurement indicative of a hypoxic wound responsive to oxygen challenge, and without contraindications for HBOT; were eligible. Of 84 eligible patients, 10 refused and 74 enrolled. 43 participants achieved over 50% ulcer Percent Area Reduction (PAR) after four weeks of evidence‐based care and were thus excluded from the intervention phase. Thirty‐one participants were randomized to either 30 HBOT treatments (100% oxygen at 2.4 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 80 minutes), or 30 “placebo” treatments, receiving a validated “sham” air protocol, initially pressurized to 1.2ATA, then cycled between 1.05–1.2ATA for eight minutes before settling at 1.05ATA. The primary outcome was numbers in each group completely healed. Secondary outcomes were ulcer PAR, pain and quality of life, 12 weeks after commencing interventions. The participants’ mean age was 70 years (standard deviation (SD) 12.9) and median ulcer duration at enrolment was 62 weeks (range 4–3120). At 12 weeks, there was no significant difference between groups in the numbers completely healed. The HBOT intervention group had a mean of 95 (SD 6.53) ulcer PAR, compared to 54 (SD 67.8) mean PAR for the placebo group (t = −2.24, p = 0.042, mean difference −40.8, SE 18.2) at 12 weeks. HBOT may improve refractory healing in venous leg ulcers, however patient selection is important. In this study, HBOT as an adjunct treatment for nonhealing patients returned indolent ulcers to a healing trajectory.
Evidence on Nurse Staffing Ratios and Patient Outcomes in a Low‐Income Country: Implications for Future Research and Practice
Authors: Kouatly Iman Al , Nassar Nada , Nizam Maya , Badr Lina Kurdahi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundConclusive evidence on the effect of nurse staffing ratios on nurse‐sensitive outcomes (NSOs) has not yet been achieved worldwide.AimsTo describe the relationship between nurse staffing and NSOs at a Magnet designated, university hospital a low‐income country.MethodsA 48‐month prospective study assessed the relationship between nurse staffing and six patient outcomes or NSOs in medical–surgical units and critical care units (CCUs). Nurse staffing was measured by nursing hours per patient day (NHPPD) and skill mix, whereas NSOs were total falls and injury falls per 1,000 patient days, percent of surveyed patients with hospital‐acquired pressure injuries (HAPI), catheter‐associated urinary tract infections, ventilator‐associated pneumonia, and central line‐associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) per 1,000 central line days.ResultsThe odds for total falls, injury falls, HAPI, and CLABSI in the medical–surgical units were higher with lower NHPPD ratios, OR = 4.67, p = .000; OR = 4.33, p = .001; OR = 3.77, p = .004 and OR = 2.61, p = .006, respectively. For the CCUs, lower rates of NHPPD increased the odds for total falls, OR = 6.25, p = .0007, HAPIs OR = 3.91, p = .001 and CLABSI, OR = 4.78, p = .000. Skill mix was associated with total falls, OR = 2.40, p = .005 and HAPIs OR = 2.07, p = .03 in the medical–surgical units but had no effect in any NSOs in the CCUs.Linking Evidence to ActionHigher rates of nurses per patient were effective in improving some NSOs but not others. Skill mix had no effect on any of the six NSOs in the CCUs. As such, the results remain inconclusive as the benefits of the higher nurse to patient ratios in this low‐income country warranting further multisite studies in different settings and countries.
The Second Triennial Systematic Literature Review of European Nursing Research: Impact on Patient Outcomes and Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Richards David A. , Hanssen Tove Aminda , Borglin Gunilla 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundEuropean research in nursing has been criticized as overwhelmingly descriptive, wasteful and with little relevance to clinical practice. This second triennial review follows our previous review of articles published in 2010, to determine whether the situation has changed.ObjectiveTo identify, appraise, and synthesize reports of European nursing research published during 2013 in the top 20 nursing research journals.MethodsSystematic review with descriptive results synthesis.ResultsWe identified 2,220 reports, of which 254, from 19 European countries, were eligible for analysis; 215 (84.7%) were primary research, 36 (14.2%) secondary research, and three (1.2%) mixed primary and secondary. Forty‐eight (18.9%) of studies were experimental: 24 (9.4%) randomized controlled trials, 11 (4.3%) experiments without randomization, and 13 (5.1%) experiments without control group. A total of 106 (41.7%) articles were observational: 85 (33.5%) qualitative research. The majority (158; 62.2%) were from outpatient and secondary care hospital settings. One hundred and sixty‐five (65.0%) articles reported nursing intervention studies: 77 (30.3%) independent interventions, 77 (30.3%) interdependent, and 11 (4.3%) dependent. This represents a slight increase in experimental studies compared with our previous review (18.9% vs. 11.7%). The quality of reporting remained very poor.Linking Evidence to ActionEuropean research in nursing remains overwhelmingly descriptive. We call on nursing researchers globally to raise the level of evidence and, therefore, the quality of care and patient outcomes. We urge them to replicate our study in their regions, diagnose reasons for the lack of appropriate research, identify solutions, and implement a deliberate, targeted, and systematic global effort to increase the number of experimental, high quality, and relevant studies into nursing interventions. We also call on journal editors to mandate an improvement in the standards of research reporting in nursing journals.