bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constituency Preferences and Committee Selection in the Mexican Cámara de Diputados
Authors: Raymond Christopher D. , Juárez Sergio Bárcena 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPrevious research examining selection to legislative committees has assumed that the impact of constituency preferences on committee assignments is due to the incentives for individual legislators to use their committee seats to increase their personal chances of re-election. Examining the case of the Mexican Chamber of Deputies (where legislators were, until recently, barred from re-election), this study argues that the impact of constituency preferences on selection to committees also occurs because parties have incentives for their members to use committee assignments to increase the party’s chances of being re-elected. Analysis of assignments to 11 committees over 4 legislative terms provides support for the argument. These findings reinforce previous research arguing that concerns with constituency representation and its impact on re-election also apply to political parties and not solely to individual legislators.
Two-sex life table and feeding dynamics ofSpilosoma obliquaWalker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on three green gram cultivars
Authors: Mobarak S.H. , Roy N. , Barik A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effect of three green gram cultivars (PDM 54, PUSA BAISAKHI and SAMRAT) on the biology ofSpilosoma obliquaWalker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) was studied using age-stage, two-sex life table. We also studied food utilization efficiency measures of larvae on green gram cultivars. The nutritional and antinutritional factors of leaves of green gram cultivars were determined. The preadult development time ofS. obliquawas shortest on PDM 54 (35.54 days) and longest on SAMRAT (39.29 days). The fecundity was highest on PDM 54 (318.32) and lowest on SAMRAT (250.20). The net reproductive rate (R0) ranged from 37.53 on SAMRAT to 79.58 on PDM 54. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was higher on PDM 54 (0.1148 day−1) and PUSA BAISAKHI (0.1018 day−1) than SAMRAT (0.0875 day−1). The finite rate of increase (λ) was lowest on SAMRAT (1.0915 day−1). Mean generation time (T) was shortest on PDM 54 (38.12 days) and longest on SAMRAT (41.42 days). Population projection revealed that the population growth was slowest on SAMRAT. The growth rate of sixth instar larvae was highest on PDM 54 and lowest on SAMRAT. The lower level of nutritional factors such as total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, amino acids and nitrogen content, and a higher level of antinutritional factors such as total phenols, flavonols and tannins influenced higher development time and lower fecundity ofS. obliquaon SAMRAT than other cultivars. These findings suggested that SAMRAT is a less suitable cultivar toS. obliquathan other cultivars, and this cultivar can be promoted for cultivation.
Comparative assessment of DNA extraction procedures forAscarisspp. eggs
Authors: Amoah I.D. , Singh G. , Troell K. , Reddy P. , Stenström T.A. , Bux F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA central and critical step in the molecular detection of soil-transmitted helminths from environmental sources is the extraction of DNA from the eggs. In this study, we investigated the yield of DNA extracted from known quantities (500, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5) ofAscaris suumeggs, as well as directly from wastewater and sludge samples containingAscarisspp. eggs, using six commercial DNA extraction kits. The amount of DNA extracted was quantified with NanoDrop, Qubit and Ct values from quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay using CFX96 Touch™ real-time PCR equipment. The PowerLyzer Ultraclean Microbial DNA isolation kit and PowerSoil DNA isolation kit gave the highest yield of DNA based on the NanoDrop, Qubit and Ct values. However, the qPCR results indicate that in some of the kits, PCR inhibitors may have been carried over to the PCR reaction. DNA extraction kits that incorporate a bead-beating step as well as other mechanical eggshell disruption steps were superior in extracting DNA fromAscarisspp. eggs. Additionally, for the accurate quantification of extracted DNA, the use of Ct values from qPCR and Qubit readings gives better results compared to the NanoDrop readings. For efficient downstream applications, the use of DNA extraction kits with superior inhibitor removal technology is essential, in addition to a high yield of DNA.
Aberrant cognition in newly diagnosed patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives
Authors: Kjærstad Hanne Lie , Mistarz Nicolaj , Coello Klara , Stanislaus Sharleny , Melbye Sigurd Arne , Harmer Catherine J. , Vinberg Maj , Miskowiak Kamilla , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with bipolar disorder (BD) experience persistent impairments in both affective and non-affective cognitive function, which is associated with a worse course of illness and poor functional outcomes. Nevertheless, the temporal progression of cognitive dysfunction in BD remains unclear and the identification of objective endophenotypes can inform the aetiology of BD.MethodsThe present study is a cross-sectional investigation of cognitive baseline data from the longitudinal Bipolar Illness Onset-study. One hundred seventy-two remitted patients newly diagnosed with BD, 52 of their unaffected relatives (UR), and 110 healthy controls (HC) were compared on a large battery of behavioural cognitive tasks tapping into non-affective (i.e. neurocognitive) and affective (i.e. emotion processing and regulation) cognition.ResultsRelative to HCs, patients with BD exhibited global neurocognitive deficits (ps < 0.001), as well as aberrant emotion processing and regulation (ps ⩽ 0.011); including decreased emotional reactivity to positive social scenarios, impaired ability to down-regulate positive emotion, as well as a specific deficit in the ability to recognise surprised facial expressions. Their URs also showed a trend towards difficulties identifying surprised faces (p = 0.075). No other differences in cognitive function were found for URs compared to HCs.ConclusionsNeurocognitive deficits and impairments within emotion processing and regulation may be illness-related deficits of BD that present after illness-onset, whereas processing of emotional faces may represent an early risk marker of BD. However, longitudinal studies are needed to examine the association between cognitive impairments and illness progression in BD.
Long-term declines in common breeding seabirds in Japan
Authors: SENZAKI MASAYUKI , TERUI AKIRA , TOMITA NAOKI , SATO FUMIO , FUKUDA YOSHIHIRO , KATAOKA YOSHIHIRO , WATANUKI YUTAKA 
Published: August 2019

SummaryGlobal seabird populations are in decline, with nearly half of all seabird species currently in an extinction crisis. Understanding long-term seabird population trends is an essential first step to inform conservation actions. In this study, we assembled historical breeding records of seabirds throughout the Japanese archipelago and quantified the long-term population trends of 10 major breeding seabird species using a hierarchical Bayesian state-space model. The model revealed that six species had increasing or no detectable trends (Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus, Leach’s Storm Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa, Pelagic Cormorant Phalacrocorax pelagicus, Japanese Cormorant Phalacrocorax capillatus, Spectacled Guillemot Cepphus carbo, and Rhinoceros Auklet Cerorhinca monocerata). However, decreasing trends were found not only in nationally threatened species (Common Murre Uria aalge, and Tufted Puffin Fratercula cirrhata) but also common species that are often described as abundant (Black-tailed Gull Larus crassirostris and Slaty-backed Gull Larus schistisagus). These declining species have declined to 3–35% of baseline levels over the past 30 years. This study provides the first evidence of long-term declines in common and widespread seabirds in Japan.
LINEAR INDEPENDENCE IN THE RATIONAL HOMOLOGY COBORDISM GROUP
Authors: Golla Marco , Larson Kyle 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe give simple homological conditions for a rational homology 3-sphere$Y$to have infinite order in the rational homology cobordism group$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E9}_{\mathbb{Q}}^{3}$, and for a collection of rational homology spheres to be linearly independent. These translate immediately to statements about knot concordance when$Y$is the branched double cover of a knot, recovering some results of Livingston and Naik. The statements depend only on the homology groups of the 3-manifolds, but are proven through an analysis of correction terms and their behavior under connected sums.
Die deutsche Version des Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI-G)
Authors: Maß Reinhard , Schottke Marie-Lene , Borchert Ann-Marie , Ellermann Pauline Marie , Jahn Lena-Marieke , Morgenroth Olaf 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Differenzierung des Selbst ist ein zentrales Konstrukt der Familiensystemtheorie, das häufig mit dem Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI) untersucht wird. Das DSI besteht aus den vier Unterskalen „Emotional Reactivity“ (ER), „Emotional Cutoff“ (EC), „I-Position“ (IP) und „Fusion with Others“ (FO). Bislang liegt keine deutschsprachige Version dieses Fragebogens vor. Fragestellung: Entwicklung und Evaluation einer deutschen Version des DSI (DSI-G). Methode: Eine autorisierte Übersetzung wurde N = 259 gesunden Erwachsenen vorgelegt. Da die Faktorenanalyse ergab, dass FO sich in der deutschen Version nicht abbildete und eine relativ geringe Reliabilität aufwies, wurde in einer zweiten Stichprobe ( N = 63) eine Neukonstruktion dieser Unterskala vorgenommen. Das DSI mit der neuen FO-Unterskala wurde mit einer dritten Stichprobe ( N = 215) evaluiert. Ergebnisse: Die neukonstruierte FO-Unterskala bildet sich zusammen mit den anderen drei Unterskalen in einer vierfaktoriellen Lösung ab. Das DSI-G korreliert in plausibler Weise mit Depression, Ängstlichkeit, Bindungsstil und Beziehungsqualität. Alle vier Unterskalen sind hinreichend reliabel. Schlussfolgerungen: Das DSI-G ist in Forschung und Praxis einsetzbar und könnte sich vor allem in der Therapie-Evaluation als nützlich erweisen.
Zusammenhänge zwischen Resilienz und Return to Work im Kontext der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Gissendanner Scott Stock , Schmid-Ott Gerhard , Schulz Wolfgang 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Studie betrachtet die Bedeutung der Resilienz für psychologische Interventionen in der stationären psychosomatischen Rehabilitation. Methode: An einer Stichprobe von 401 Patientinnen und Patienten werden Ausprägung, Veränderbarkeit und Vorhersagekraft der Resilienz am Anfang, am Ende und 12 Monate nach der Rehabilitation untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Patientinnen und Patienten verfügen zu Rehabilitationsbeginn im Vergleich zu repräsentativen Erhebungen über ein signifikant geringeres Ausmaß an Resilienz ( p < .001, d = 0.86). Über die drei Messzeitpunkte hat sich die Resilienz der Patientinnen und Patienten signifikant verändert ( p < .001, part. Eta2 = 0.08). Return to Work lässt sich durch die Resilienz zu Rehabilitationsbeginn und zu Rehabilitationsende signifikant vorhersagen (jeweils p < .001, d = 0.39 bzw. d = 0.53), allerdings kommen anderen Merkmalen, v. a. der Selbstregulationsfähigkeit und der subjektiven Prognose der Erwerbstätigkeit, eine größere Bedeutung zu. Schlussfolgerung: Resilienz ist ein veränderliches Merkmal, das mit anderen veränderbaren psychologischen Merkmalen in Zusammenhang steht. Bei psychologischen Interventionen in der Rehabilitation zur Stärkung der Erwerbsfähigkeit sollte die Selbstregulationsfähigkeit unter Berücksichtigung von Strategien zur Bewältigung beruflicher Belastungen betont werden.
The Carbon Balance of the Southeastern U.S. Forest Sector as Driven by Recent Disturbance Trends
Authors: Gu Huan , Williams Christopher A. , Hasler Natalia , Zhou Yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study documents annual carbon stocks and fluxes from 1986 to 2010 at 30‐m resolution across southeastern U.S. forests, analyzing trends and regional greenhouse gas exchange. We used forest inventory data to guide a carbon cycle model representing postdisturbance carbon dynamics for diverse forest and site conditions. We mapped carbon stocks and fluxes with stand age inferred from spaceborne disturbance monitoring and biomass. We assessed the fate of harvested biomass with a wood products model. We found that pine forests experienced the largest biomass removals, with paper products leading all end‐uses. Averaging across all SE forestlands, mean annual net ecosystem productivity decreased from 116 gC · m−2 · year−1 in 1986 to 71 gC · m−2 · year−1 in 2007, and 85 gC · m−2 · year−1 in 2010, equating to a range of 25 to 41 Tg C/year (mean of 34 Tg C/year). Interannual variability in forest‐atmosphere carbon exchange is dominated by the extent of harvesting, with removals ranging from 23 to 56 Tg C/year. Region‐wide live biomass stocks varied little over time, averaging 5.0 kg C/m2 for aboveground biomass or 1,780 TgC, with average annual biomass growth balanced by harvest removals. However, net biome productivity exhibited large interannual variability, spanning a sink of 16 Tg C/year in 1986 to a source of −30 Tg C/year in the year of peak harvest. Two thirds of harvest removals are emitted within 50 years, 8% as methane, causing the forest sector to act as a large CO2‐equivalent source. Uncertainties are estimated at ± 25%.
Influences of Temperature and Secondary Environmental Parameters on Planktonic Foraminiferal Mg/Ca: A New Core‐Top Calibration
Authors: Dai Yuhao , Yu Jimin , deMenocal Peter , Hyams‐Kaphzan Orit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe accuracy of the Mg/Ca paleothermometer is contested over the influences of secondary environmental parameters such as salinity and pH. Recent calibrations based on compiled sediment trap and laboratory culture data suggest moderate influences from salinity and pH. Core tops are the best analogues to downcore samples used for paleoceanographic reconstruction with well‐constrained environmental parameters and thus can be used to validate sediment trap and laboratory culture calibrations. Here, we calibrate new core‐top Mg/Ca data in Globigerinoides ruber (white) and Trilobatus sacculifer (without final sac‐like chamber) with sea surface temperature, salinity, and pH. Part of these coretops were previously used to argue for a large salinity effect on G. ruber (w) Mg/Ca (Arbuszewski et al., 2010, http://10.0.3.248/j.epsl.2010.10.035). Our new G. ruber (w) Mg/Ca data are on average 12% lower than the previous results. Our calibrations yield Mg/Ca‐temperature sensitivities of 8.1 ± 0.7%/°C for G. ruber (w) and 6.6 ± 0.8%/°C for T. sacculifer (w/o sac), and Mg/Ca salinity effects of 4.7 ± 2.4%/‰ for G. ruber (w) and 5.5 ± 2.3%/‰ for T. sacculifer (w/o sac). These results agree well with culture experiments but discount the large salinity effects reported in previous core‐top studies. Our data reveal insignificant pH effects on Mg/Ca in both species. Overall, our core‐top calibrations for G. ruber (w) and T. sacculifer (w/o sac) lend strong support to previous calibrations, strengthening our confidence in the use of planktonic Mg/Ca as a reliable proxy for sea surface temperature reconstructions.
The Impact of Wind Gusts on the Ocean Thermal Skin Layer
Authors: Zappa Christopher J. , Laxague Nathan J. M. , Brumer Sophia E. , Anderson Steven P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe thermodynamic and emissive properties of the ocean thermal skin layer are crucial contributors to air‐sea heat flux. In order to properly observe ocean surface temperature without disturbing any delicate fluid mechanical processes, thermal infrared imaging is often used. However, wind impacting the ocean surface complicates the extraction of meaningful information from thermal imagery; this is especially true for transient forcing phenomena such as wind gusts. Here, we describe wind gust‐water surface interaction through its impact on skin layer thermal and emissive properties. Two key physical processes are identified: (1) the growth of centimeter‐scale wind waves, which increases interfacial emissivity, and (2) microscale wave breaking and shear, which mix the cool skin layer with warmer millimeter‐depth water and increase the skin temperature. As more observations are made of air‐sea interaction under transient forcing, the full consideration of these processes becomes increasingly important.
Predictability of Antarctic Sea Ice Edge on Subseasonal Time Scales
Authors: Zampieri Lorenzo , Goessling Helge F. , Jung Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCoupled subseasonal forecast systems with dynamical sea ice have the potential of providing important predictive information in polar regions. Here, we evaluate the ability of operational ensemble prediction systems to predict the location of the sea ice edge in Antarctica. Compared to the Arctic, Antarctica shows on average a 30% lower skill, with only one system remaining more skillful than a climatological benchmark up to ∼30 days ahead. Skill tends to be highest in the west Antarctic sector during the early freezing season. Most of the systems tend to overestimate the sea ice edge extent and fail to capture the onset of the melting season. All the forecast systems exhibit large initial errors. We conclude that subseasonal sea ice predictions could provide marginal support for decision‐making only in selected seasons and regions of the Southern Ocean. However, major progress is possible through investments in model development, forecast initialization and calibration.
The OI‐135.6 nm Nighttime Emission in ICON‐FUV Images: A New Tool for the Observation of Classical Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances?
Authors: Wautelet G. , Hubert B. , Gérard J.‐C. , Immel T. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission will study the close relationship between the ionosphere, the atmospheric weather, and space weather using in situ and remote sensing instruments proving plasma density, temperature, ion drift velocity, and thermospheric wind velocity over the equatorial region. In particular, the far ultraviolet (FUV) instrument will image the terrestrial limb in two wavelength channels. During nighttime, only the channel characterizing the bright 135.6‐nm emission of atomic oxygen will be used. The purpose of this study is to simulate FUV nightglow measurements under quiet as well as disturbed ionospheric conditions. Classical medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), which are understood as the ionospheric signature of atmospheric gravity waves, are one of the main sources of ionospheric variability. Here, we simulate their potential appearance in the FUV instrument data. The simulation model produces FUV images used as input to identify and characterize MSTIDs. MSTID propagation parameters can be retrieved under specific geometrical configurations between the FUV lines of sight and propagation direction of the MSTID, which differs depending on the limb or sublimb observing geometry. The largest MSTID signature is expected during equinoxes under solar maximum periods, for MSTID periods of less than 30 min. The weak brightness of the 135.6‐nm multiplet under solar minimum conditions is the main limitation to the MSTID detection on the nightside. Future MSTID detection algorithms would have to cope with very low signal‐to‐noise ratio, in particular during solstices and under solar minimum conditions.
Expansion of Thaumarchaeota habitat range is correlated with horizontal transfer of ATPase operons
Authors: Wang Baozhan , Qin Wei , Ren Yi , Zhou Xue , Jung Man-Young , Han Ping , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A , Li Meng , Zheng Yue , Lu Lu , Yan Xin , Ji Junbin , Liu Yang , Liu Linmeng , Heiner Cheryl , Hall Richard , Martens-Habbena Willm , Herbold Craig W , Rhee Sung-keun , Bartlett Douglas H , Huang Li , Ingalls Anitra E , Wagner Michael , Stahl David A , Jia Zhongjun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Thaumarchaeota are responsible for a significant fraction of ammonia oxidation in the oceans and in soils that range from alkaline to acidic. However, the adaptive mechanisms underpinning their habitat expansion remain poorly understood. Here we show that expansion into acidic soils and the high pressures of the hadopelagic zone of the oceans is tightly linked to the acquisition of a variant of the energy-yielding ATPases via horizontal transfer. Whereas the ATPase genealogy of neutrophilic Thaumarchaeota is congruent with their organismal genealogy inferred from concatenated conserved proteins, a common clade of V-type ATPases unites phylogenetically distinct clades of acidophilic/acid-tolerant and piezophilic/piezotolerant species. A presumptive function of pumping cytoplasmic protons at low pH is consistent with the experimentally observed increased expression of the V-ATPase in an acid-tolerant thaumarchaeote at low pH. Consistently, heterologous expression of the thaumarchaeotal V-ATPase significantly increased the growth rate of E. coli at low pH. Its adaptive significance to growth in ocean trenches may relate to pressure-related changes in membrane structure in which this complex molecular machine must function. Together, our findings reveal that the habitat expansion of Thaumarchaeota is tightly correlated with extensive horizontal transfer of atp operons.
The genetic relationship between educational attainment and cognitive performance in major psychiatric disorders
Authors: Comes Ashley L. , Senner Fanny , Budde Monika , Adorjan Kristina , Anderson-Schmidt Heike , Andlauer Till F. M. , Gade Katrin , Hake Maria , Heilbronner Urs , Kalman Janos L. , Reich-Erkelenz Daniela , Klöhn-Saghatolislam Farah , Schaupp Sabrina K. , Schulte Eva C. , Juckel Georg , Dannlowski Udo , Schmauß Max , Zimmermann Jörg , Reimer Jens , Reininghaus Eva , Anghelescu Ion‐George , Arolt Volker , Baune Bernhard T. , Konrad Carsten , Thiel Andreas , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Nieratschker Vanessa , Figge Christian , von Hagen Martin , Koller Manfred , Becker Thomas , Wigand Moritz E. , Jäger Markus , Dietrich Detlef E. , Stierl Sebastian , Scherk Harald , Spitzer Carsten , Folkerts Here , Witt Stephanie H. , Degenhardt Franziska , Forstner Andreas J. , Rietschel Marcella , Nöthen Markus M. , Wiltfang Jens , Falkai Peter , Schulze Thomas G. , Papiol Sergi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCognitive deficits are a core feature of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Evidence supports a genome-wide polygenic score (GPS) for educational attainment (GPSEDU) can be used to explain variability in cognitive performance. We aimed to identify different cognitive domains associated with GPSEDU in a transdiagnostic clinical cohort of chronic psychiatric patients with known cognitive deficits. Bipolar and schizophrenia patients from the PsyCourse cohort (N = 730; 43% female) were used. Likewise, we tested whether GPSs for schizophrenia (GPSSZ) and bipolar disorder (GPSBD) were associated with cognitive outcomes. GPSEDU explained 1.5% of variance in the backward verbal digit span, 1.9% in the number of correctly recalled words of the Verbal Learning and Memory Test, and 1.1% in crystallized intelligence. These effects were robust to the influences of treatment and diagnosis. No significant associations between GPSSZ or GPSBD with cognitive outcomes were found. Furthermore, these risk scores did not confound the effect of GPSEDU on cognitive outcomes. GPSEDU explains a small fraction of cognitive performance in adults with psychiatric disorders, specifically for domains related to linguistic learning and working memory. Investigating such a proxy-phenotype longitudinally, could give intriguing insight into the disease course, highlighting at what time genes play a more influential role on cognitive performance. Better understanding the origin of these deficits might help identify those patients at risk for lower levels of functioning and poor social outcomes. Polygenic estimates may in the future be part of predictive models for more personalized interventions.