bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shoo fly don't bother me: Flies track social primates and carry viable anthrax
Authors: Zohdy Sarah , Schwartz Tonia S. 
Published: September 2019

Flies—a small name for an enormous taxonomic group of over 110,000 described species that have unique ecological roles. Nonbiting flies ingest organic material in faecal matter or carrion, which is rich in microbes and nutrients that benefit both adults and their offspring (maggots). These are often referred to as “filth flies” because they are often pests in human settlements and responsible for the spread of enteric pathogens. Filth flies associate with human populations; however, whether this association is simply due to the presence of organic waste produced, or if flies move with social groups remains unknown. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Gogarten et al. (2019) use a unique combination of field methods and molecular tools to show that filth flies (predominantly Muscidae [house flies] and Calliphoridae [blow flies]) associate and move with social nonhuman primate (NHP) groups (mangabeys and chimpanzees) for up to 12 days and over 1 km. Filth flies captured near these groups were found to have pathogen DNA on them from the causative agents of sylvatic anthrax and yaws. Furthermore, the authors were able to show that the anthrax bacteria on the flies was viable. Previous research emphasized sylvatic anthrax as a major conservation threat to wildlife at this field site (Hoffmann et al., 2017), highlighting the significance of filth flies as potential vectors of anthrax. The authors present a suite of methods and approaches that utilize flies to better understand rainforest biodiversity, pathogen transmission potential, and filth fly‐host associations. This work represents new directions and opportunities to integrate entomology into field research and exploit the natural history of flies to understand the pathogen landscape and address outstanding questions in ecology and evolution.
Small RNA inhibits infection by downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis
Authors: Bilir Özlem , Telli Osman , Norman Chris , Budak Hikmet , Hong Yiguo , Tör Mahmut 
Published: September 2019

SummaryGene silencing exists in eukaryotic organisms as a conserved regulation of the gene expression mechanism. In general, small RNAs (sRNAs) are produced within the eukaryotic cells and incorporated into an RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC) within cells. However, exogenous sRNAs, once delivered into cells, can also silence target genes via the same RISC. Here, we explored this concept by targeting the Cellulose synthase A3 (CesA3) gene of Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), the downy mildew pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana. Hpa spore suspensions were mixed with sense or antisense sRNAs and inoculated onto susceptible Arabidopsis seedlings. While sense sRNAs had no obvious effect on Hpa pathogenicity, antisense sRNAs inhibited spore germination and hence infection. Such inhibition of infection was not race‐specific, but dependent on the length and capping of sRNAs. Inhibition of infection by double stranded sRNA was more efficient than that observed with antisense sRNA. Thus, exogenous sRNA targeting conserved CesA3 could suppress Hpa infection in Arabidopsis, indicating the potential of this simple and efficient sRNA‐based approach for deciphering gene functions in obligate biotrophic pathogens as well as for R‐gene independent control of diseases in plants.
Comparative transcriptome profiling uncovers a Lilium regale NAC transcription factor, LrNAC35, contributing to defence response against cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus
Authors: Sun Daoyang , Zhang Xinguo , Zhang Qingyu , Ji Xiaotong , Jia Yong , Wang Hong , Niu Lixin , Zhang Yanlong 
Published: September 2019

SummaryCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a highly prevalent viral pathogen causing substantial damage to the bulb and cut‐flower production of Lilium spp. Here, we performed an Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) study on the leaf tissues of a virus‐resistant species Lilium regale inoculated with mock control and CMV. A total of 1346 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the leaves of L. regale upon CMV inoculation, which contained 34 up‐regulated and 40 down‐regulated DEGs that encode putative transcription factors (TFs). One up‐regulated TF, LrNAC35, belonging to the NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) superfamily, was selected for further functional characterization. Aside from CMV, lily mottle virus and lily symptomless virus infections provoked a striking increase in LrNAC35 transcripts in both resistant and susceptible Lilium species. The treatments with low temperature and several stress‐related hormones activated LrNAC35 expression, contrary to its reduced expression under salt stress. Ectopic overexpression of LrNAC35 in petunia (Petunia hybrida) resulted in reduced susceptibility to CMV and Tobacco mosaic virus infections, and enhanced accumulation of lignin in the cell walls. Four lignin biosynthetic genes, including PhC4H, Ph4CL, PhHCT and PhCCR, were found to be up‐regulated in CMV‐infected petunia lines overexpressing LrNAC35. In vivo promoter‐binding tests showed that LrNAC35 specifically regulated the expression of Ph4CL. Taken together, our results suggest a positive role of transcriptome‐derived LrNAC35 in transcriptional modulation of host defence against viral attack.
Experimental Verification of the Sky View Factor Model in Multiple-Row Photovoltaic Fields
Authors: Massalha Y. , Appelbaum J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In multiple rows of photovoltaic fields, the rows may be installed with several modules placed along the row width. The verification of the sky view factor model pertains to the second and subsequent rows. Photovoltaic (PV) modules along the row width experience uneven incident diffuse radiation caused by differences in the sky view factor of the modules. The present experimental study verifies first the sky view factor model, and second shows the differences in output power of the PV modules (affected by the sky view factors) placed in different locations along the width of the second row. This work complements the theoretical previous work and emphasizes the importance of the incident diffuse radiation, associated with the sky view factor, on the energy loss of the PV field. Two rows deployed with PV modules were tested on the laboratory roof for several days for different inclination angles and distances between rows. The results show that a top module on a row may generate 8% more power than a bottom module at noontime. The findings of this experimental study have technical significance in designing PV systems.
The Influences of Stagger and Pretwist Angles of Blades on Coupling Vibration in Shaft-Disk-Blade Systems
Authors: Heydari Hassan , Khorram Amir , Afzalipour Laya 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The influences of stagger angle (α) and pretwist angle (βL) of blades on the coupling vibration among shaft bending and blade bending in a shaft-disk-blade (SDB) system are investigated using a Lagrangian approach in combination with the assumed modes method (AMM). The disk is rigid, and the flexible shaft is supported with two rigid bearings. It is shown that α and βL have variable effects on the coupling vibration because their influences can be increased, reduced, or even completely eliminated for different values of disk location (λ), blade thickness ratio (δ), and blade aspect ratio (γ). To study the coupling vibration in an SDB system, consideration of λ, δ, and γ are very important because those can alter the coupling magnitude, the coupling pattern as well as the predominant modes. Nevertheless, previous researches rarely take into account these parameters. Moreover, in the present work, to investigate the natural frequencies and critical speeds versus λ, δ, and γ, new diagrams are introduced. Also, the relation between the in-plane and out-of-plane motions of the blades with the coupling vibration is precisely analyzed.
Being ‘at-home’ on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT): a qualitative study of parents’ experiences of paediatric OPAT
Authors: Carter Bernie , Fisher-Smith Debra , Porter David , Lane Steven , Peak Matthew , Taylor-Robinson David , Bracken Louise , Carrol Enitan 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo better understand the factors that facilitate and hinder a positive experience of paediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT).DesignQualitative study using semistructured interviews.SettingA dedicated paediatric consultant-led hospital-based, outreach OPAT service in England.ParticipantsParticipants were primarily parents of children who had received OPAT; one child participated.MethodsChildren and parents of children who received OPAT and who had participated in the survey phase of the larger study were invited to be interviewed.Results12 parents (10 mothers and 2 fathers) of 10 children participated; one child (aged 15 years). Data analysis resulted in one meta-theme, ‘At-homeness’ with OPAT, this reflected the overall sense of home being a place in which the children and their parents could be where they wanted to be. Four key themes were identified that reflect the ways in which parents and children experienced being at-home on OPAT: ‘Comfort, security, freedom, and control’; ‘Faith, trust and confidence’; ‘Explanations and communication’ and ‘Concerns, restrictions and inconveniences’.ConclusionsDespite feeling anxious at times, parents reported that they and their children generally had a positive experience of OPAT; being at-home brought many benefits compared with in-patient care. Recommendations arising from the study include a ‘whole-system’ approach to discharge home that includes support related to return to school/nursery, reduction in disruptions to home-based routines, more clarity on choice and preparation for managing potential anxiety, better consideration of dose timing and enhanced preparation and information.
Heritability of pachymetric indices using Pentacam Scheimflug imaging
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Yekta AbbasAli , Heydarian Samira , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Aghamirsalim Mohammadreza , Derakhshan Akbar , Khabazkhoob Mehdi 
Published: September 2019

AimTo investigate the heritability of corneal thickness at the apex, entrance pupil centre, thinnest point, pachymetric progression index (PPI) and maximum Ambrósio relational thickness (ARTmax) using Pentacam.MethodsThe present cross-sectional and population-based study was conducted in two rural districts that were selected randomly. Individuals 5 years and older and data from households where one of the parents and at least one child participated in the study were considered for this analysis. All subjects were examined for visual acuity, refraction, biomicroscopy and, finally, Pentacam imaging. The heritability estimate was used to calculate familial aggregation of pachymetric indices.ResultsOf the 3851 selected individuals, 3314 participated in the study. After applying the exclusion criteria, a total of 1383 individuals from 382 households were included in the analysis; of these, 754 (54.52%) were female. The mean age of the subjects was 37.23±19.35 years (from 6 to 93 years). The highest heritability was observed for corneal thickness at the apex (85%), and the lowest was for ARTmax (27.62%). The heritability of other studied parameters, including corneal thickness at the entrance pupil centre, thinnest point and average PPI, was 82.0%, 77.0% and 31.49%, respectively.ConclusionThe high heritability of the mentioned pachymetric parameters confirms the high correlation between these phenotypes and genetic factors and calls for genetic and molecular research to find related genes and to understand the aetiology of associated diseases, especially glaucoma and keratoconus.
Taste test using an edible taste film kit: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kim Ji-sun , Kim Dong-Hyun , Jeon Eun-ju , Kim Byung Guk , Yu Jeongjun , Shin Hyun-Il 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesWe developed an edible taste film test that can be stored easily as a kit. This study was conducted to confirm the agreement between the results of the edible taste film kit test and the conventional taste solution test.DesignProspective, randomised, controlled trial.SettingSingle tertiary hospital.ParticipantsSixty-two healthy volunteers with no self-described taste problems.InterventionsA randomisation scheme was used to determine the order of use of the edible taste film kit and the taste solution test for each subject. The taste solution test was performed using a cotton swab. In the taste film kit test, an edible taste film was placed on the tongue, and the subject detected the taste after the film was dissolved by saliva.Outcome measuresFor each test, we measured the taste identification threshold, taste detection time and total test time.ResultsWe confirmed the consistency of the taste identification thresholds of the two tests, and the results were consistent with each other except for the bitter taste results, which used coffee in the edible taste film kit and quinine in the taste solution test. Although the detection time for each taste quality was faster for the taste solution test, the mean total time was significantly shorter for the taste film kit test than for the taste solution test (6.16±2.27 min vs 7.04±1.98 min, respectively; p=0.004).ConclusionsThe edible taste film kit along with the taste solution test will be useful for quantitative taste testing.Trial registration numberKCT0002865.
Perception and self-management of hypertension in Chinese cardiologists (CCHS): a multicenter, large-scale cross-sectional study
Authors: Hou Lei , Jin Xuejuan , Ma Jianying , Qian Juying , Huo Yong , Ge Junbo 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of risk factors for hypertension among Chinese cardiologists using a nation-wide survey.DesignMulticenter, cross-sectional observational study.Setting2441 hospitals across China were surveyed between September 2016 and August 2017.ParticipantsAll in-service cardiologists were surveyed (n=28 924).InterventionsWeChat-based electronic data capture system, a social application in China (Tencent, Nanshan, China), was used for data acquisition. Physician subscribed to the WeChat official account of the China Cardiologist Heart Study, and filled out an online questionnaire that included age, gender, level of in-service hospital, professional title, academic degree, area of expertise and cardiovascular risk factors. All information was required.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. The secondary outcome was the impact of the risk factors on the occurrence of hypertension.ResultsAmong 28 924 Chinese cardiologists who completed the questionnaire, 57.6% had blood pressure of 130–139/80–89 mm Hg (5.3% were taking antihypertensive drugs) and 22.0% had blood pressure>140/>90 mm Hg (36.5% were taking antihypertensive drugs). The multivariable analysis showed that age, gender, academic degree, hospital level, body mass index (BMI), smoking and comorbidities were independently associated with hypertension among cardiologists (all p<0.05). Age, female gender, BMI, smoking, family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and comorbidities were independently associated with taking antihypertensive drugs among hypertensive cardiologists (all p<0.05). Age, hospital level, professional title, BMI, family history of CVDs and comorbidities were independently associated with reaching target blood pressure among hypertensive cardiologists taking antihypertensive drugs.ConclusionChinese cardiologists do not recognise and pay attention to their own blood pressure. Their rate of antihypertensive treatment was low. The identified risk factors could be used to identify cardiologists at higher risk for hypertension and for implementing preventive interventions.
Empowering healthcare providers through smoking cessation training in Malaysia: a preintervention and postintervention evaluation on the improvement of knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy
Authors: Hasan Siti Idayu , Mohd Hairi Farizah , Ahmad Tajuddin Nur Amani , Amer Nordin Amer Siddiq 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesHealthcare providers are ideally positioned to advise their patients to quit smoking by providing effective smoking cessation intervention. Thus, we evaluate the effectiveness of a 1-day training programme in changing the knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy of healthcare providers in smoking cessation intervention.MethodsA prepost study design was conducted in 2017. The 8-hour Smoking Cessation Organising, Planning and Execution (SCOPE) training comprised lectures, practical sessions and role-play sessions to 218 healthcare providers. A validated evaluation tool, Providers’ Smoking Cessation Training Evaluation, was administered to assess the impact of training on knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy on smoking cessation intervention.ResultsAfter SCOPE training, the knowledge score increased significantly from 7.96±2.34 to 10.35±1.57 (p<0.001). Attitude and self-efficacy in smoking cessation intervention also increased significantly from 34.32±4.12 to 37.04±3.92 (p<0.001) and 40.31±8.61 to 54.67±7.45 (p<0.001) respectively. Pretraining and post-training scores improved significantly for all professions, and each measure, particularly self-efficacy.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that SCOPE training could improve healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy on smoking cessation intervention. Future training is recommended to equip healthcare providers with current knowledge, positive attitude and high self-efficacy to integrate what they have learned into practice successfully.
Effect on nurse and patient experience: overnight use of blue-depleted illumination
Authors: Albala Lorenzo , Bober Timothy , Hale Graham , Warfield Benjamin , Collins Micaela Langille , Merritt Zak , Steimetz Eric , Nadler Shmuel , Lev Yair , Hanifin John 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundTypical hospital lighting is rich in blue-wavelength emission, which can create unwanted circadian disruption in patients when exposed at night. Despite a growing body of evidence regarding the effects of poor sleep on health outcomes, physiologically neutral technologies have not been widely implemented in the US healthcare system.ObjectiveThe authors sought to determine if rechargeable, proximity-sensing, blue-depleted lighting pods that provide wireless task lighting can make overnight hospital care more efficient for providers and less disruptive to patients.DesignNon-randomised, controlled interventional trial in an intermediate-acuity unit at a large urban medical centre.MethodsNight-time healthcare providers abstained from turning on overhead patient room lighting in favour of a physiologically neutral lighting device. 33 nurses caring for patients on that unit were surveyed after each shift. 21 patients were evaluated after two nights with standard-of-care light and after two nights with lighting intervention.ResultsProviders reported a satisfaction score of 8 out of 10, with 82% responding that the lighting pods provided adequate lighting for overnight care tasks. Among patients, a median 2-point improvement on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was reported.Conclusion and relevanceThe authors noted improved caregiver satisfaction and decreased patient anxiety by using a blue-depleted automated task-lighting alternative to overhead room lights. Larger studies are needed to determine the impact of these lighting devices on sleep measures and patient health outcomes like delirium. With the shift to patient-centred financial incentives and emphasis on patient experience, this study points to the feasibility of a physiologically targeted solution for overnight task lighting in healthcare environments.
Consent to discuss participation in research: a pilot study
Authors: Walker Sophie , Potts Jennifer , Martos Lola , Barrera Alvaro , Hancock Mark , Bell Stuart , Geddes John , Cipriani Andrea , Henshall Catherine 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundEquitable access to research studies needs to be increased for all patients. There is debate about which is the best approach to use to discuss participation in research in real-world clinical settings.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the feasibility of asking all clinical staff within one hospital Trust (an organisation that provides secondary health services within the English and Welsh National Health Service) to use a newly created form on the Trust’s electronic patient records system, as a means of asking patients to consent to discuss participation in research (the opt-in approach). We also aimed to collect feedback from patients and clinicians about their views of the opt-in approach.MethodsFour pilot sites were selected in the Trust: two memory clinics, an adult mental health team and an acute adult ward. Data were collected in three phases: (1) for 6 months, pilot site staff were asked to complete a consent to discuss participation in research form with patients; (2) staff feedback on the form was collected through an online survey; and (3) patient feedback was collected through focus groups.FindingsOf 1779 patients attending services during the pilot period, 197 (11%) had a form completed by staff and 143 (8%) opted-in to finding out about research. Staff cited limited time, low priority and poor user experience of the electronic patient records system as reasons for low uptake of the form. Patients generally approved of the approach but offered suggestions for improvement.ConclusionsThere were mixed results for adopting an opt-in approach; uptake was very low, limiting its value as an effective strategy for improving access to research.Clinical implicationsAlternative strategies to the opt-in approach, such as transparent opt out approaches, warrant consideration to maximise access to research within routine clinical care.
Diffusion weighted image documented cerebral ischemia in the postprocedural period following pipeline embolization device with shield technology treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a prospective, single center study
Authors: Pikis Stylianos , Mantziaris Georgios , Mamalis Vasileios , Barkas Konstantinos , Tsanis Antonios , Lyra Stavroula , Karkoulias Kuriakos , Petrosyan Tigran , Archontakis Eftychios 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveAcute ischemic stroke and silent cerebral infarctions following pipeline embolization device (PED) treatment of intracranial aneurysms have been estimated to occur in 3–6% and in 50.9–90% of patients respectively. The PED with Shield technology (PED-Shield) incorporates a surface phosphorylcholine polymer to reduce the thrombogenicity of the implant. We sought to determine the incidence of diffusion weighted image (DWI) documented cerebral ischemia after PED-Shield treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.MethodsThis prospective study involved a single center series of consecutive patients treated for an unruptured intracranial aneurysm with the PED-Shield. All participants underwent clinical evaluation on admission, after the procedure, at discharge, and 30 days following treatment. Brain MRI was obtained within 72 hours of the procedure. Ischemic lesions identified on DWI sequences where examined as to their number, size, and location in relation to the procedure.ResultsOver 12 months, 33 patients harboring 38 intracranial aneurysms were treated with the PED-Shield in 36 procedures. Neither mortality nor clinically evident ischemic events were noted in the 30 day postprocedural period. DWI documented, silent cerebral ischemia occurred in six patients (18.18%) after six procedures (16.66%). No statistically significant risk factors for postprocedural silent cerebral ischemia were identified.ConclusionWe demonstrated a reduced rate of silent cerebral infarcts following PED-Shield treatment of intracranial aneurysms than previously reported with other endovascular treatment modalities and with the previous device generations. Further research is necessary to evaluate our results and to identify methods to reduce the incidence of postprocedural cerebral ischemic events.