bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usynlige studerende i åbne online forløb
Authors: Dalsgaard Christian , Gislev Tom 
Published: May 2019

Formålet med artiklen er at undersøge og diskutere, hvordan såkaldte usynlige studerende deltager i åbne online forløb, og hvordan og hvad de lærer. Usynlige studerende betegner i denne artikel de deltagere, der er inaktive, tilsyneladende falder fra, og som ikke gennemfører de obligatoriske kursusaktiviteter. Artiklen indledes med et overbliksreview af central litteratur inden for “open education” med særligt fokus på målet om at nå målgrupper, der ikke nås gennem traditionel uddannelse. Artiklen er baseret på et kvalitativt studie, som er funderet i 11 interviews og 51 spørgeskemabesvarelser. Analysen udpeger fem forskellige måder at deltage på i et online undervisningsforløb: Studerende, deltagere, medlemmer, observatører og gæster. Artiklen sætter i analysen af den empiriske undersøgelse fokus på, hvad og hvordan de usynlige studerende lærer gennem åbne online forløb. Analysen leder frem til fem centrale aktiviteter for usynlige studerendes læring: 1) at læse og se indhold, 2) at følge med og være en del af, 3) deltage i netværk, 4) reflektere og 5) anvende og ibrugtage. Endelig peger analysen på tre centrale former for udbytte for de usynlige studerende: 1) faglig inspiration, 2) at blive opdateret, samt 3) at få input til egen praksis. Resultaterne peger på, at der især er muligheder i at udvikle nye efteruddannelses-formater, der kan bidrage til usynlige studerendes egen kontekst - uden at etablere traditionelle kursusforløb med fastlagt læringsmål.
Les tensions de l’éthique et de l’éducation au cours des dernières décennies
Authors: Bourgeault Guy 
Published: May 2019

Un retour sur les dernières décennies touchant les rapports entre éthique et éducation ou formation dégage et illustre trois tensions majeures : entre l’hétéronomie et l’autonomie; entre la cohésion sociale et un vivre-ensemble faisant place à l’altérité et, du même coup, à la diversité; entre l’individualisme du chacun pour soi et la solidarité requise pour l’exercice de la responsabilité. Ces trois tensions interpellent à la fois l’éthique et la politique, l’école et l’éducation ou la formation.
Égalité des chances et stratification dans le champ scolaire : quid de l’équité du système d’éducation ?
Authors: Lessard Claude 
Published: May 2019

Le système d’éducation québécois, comme la société qui l’entoure, se fragmente : d’abord, en fonction des facteurs sociaux traditionnels — notamment, le revenu et l’éducation des parents —, ensuite, en fonction de la multiplication de modèles socioculturels. Dans le champ de l’enseignement primaire et secondaire, la première fragmentation s’exprime par la montée de l’enseignement privé, notamment dans les centres urbains; la seconde fragmentation se manifeste, au sein du réseau public, par la multiplication et la variété des projets particuliers, conçus pour retenir des élèves de milieux favorisés, mais aussi pour permettre à des groupes sociaux de transmettre à leurs enfants une éducation distinctive. Ce texte analyse la manifestation de cette double fragmentation dans le champ éducatif et la contextualise dans le cadre de grands changements sociétaux. Nous soutenons qu’ainsi mis sur les rails de la concurrence, le système scolaire québécois est de plus en plus stratifié ou qu’il a plusieurs vitesses. Nous explorons quelques politiques publiques qui permettraient la sortie d’une situation difficile à dépasser.
SAISIR LE PASSÉ DANS LE PRÉSENT
Authors: Kühn Marion 
Published: May 2019

Le motif de la filiation sert, comme l’ont démontré les travaux de Dominique Viart, puis de Laurent Demanze, en littérature contemporaine, le plus souvent à exprimer les enjeux d’une transmission défaillante de la mémoire familiale. Sujet au coeur de multiples romans et récits contemporains au Québec, la tentative d’appropriation fictionnalisée d’un passé familial inconnu relève, chez Anaïs Barbeau-Lavalette, Carole David et Judy Quinn, de ce qu’Astrid Erll appelle une « mémoire transculturelle », car c’est un passé autre qui fait irruption dans le présent des personnages. Construits autour de départs de membres de famille, les fictions des trois écrivaines imbriquent en effet mémoire familiale et histoire internationale en embrassant soit le point de vue en amont, soit celui en aval de la lignée familiale. Par le truchement de dispositifs narratifs et temporels complexes, qui servent de point de départ pour l’analyse, les fictions mettent à l’avant-plan le rôle des personnages comme porteurs d’une mémoire qui s’avère stratifiée. Dégageant les différents rapports au temps qui sous-tendent les mises en scène de mémoires « voyageantes », cet article fait l’analyse de la variété des postures proposées par ces fictions québécoises contemporaines face au « présent [qui] s’[est] découvert inquiet, en quête de racines, obsédé de mémoire » (Hartog 2012 : 248).
LA STRUCTURE FAMILIALE COMME REMPART
Authors: Alarie Julien 
Published: May 2019

Dans Les maisons, Tessa, une femme indécidable, qui est de plus en plus
« rattrapée par la sévérité, le jugement et l’intransigeance », est continuellement aux
prises avec une ironie destructrice. Pourtant, à certains endroits, l’autodénigrement laisse
place à des « moments-voilà-peut-être-tout-ce-qui-existe-désormais », commandés par l’ironie
elle-même et qui ont tous en commun la structure familiale, sorte de rempart contre le monde
chaotique. C’est ainsi que la maman extrêmement lucide se résout, pour compenser une ironie
avilissante, à « laisser se déployer la vie, cette vie qui fait parfois si bien les
choses ».
L’expérience de l’enfermement chez les proches de détenus
Authors: Ferreccio1,2 Vanina , Manrique Gabriela 
Published: May 2019

Cet article porte sur une population croissante et peu explorée dans le paysage argentin : les proches des personnes détenues. À partir d’un travail ethnographique auquel participèrent des personnes détenues et des proches de ces dernières dans des prisons pour hommes et femmes de la province de Santa Fe, en Argentine, nous présentons les multiples aspects qui caractérisent cette population. Une première partie s’intéresse à l’insistance avec laquelle les proches se définissent comme étant « invisibles », non seulement auprès du gouvernement et de ses politiques de soutien, mais aussi auprès du service d’intervention des établissements de détention. La deuxième partie aborde la difficulté pour les proches de se réunir en associations, à cause, d’une part, de la distinction entre les familles qui collaborent avec l’ordre carcéral et les familles cachivaches et, d’autre part, de la violence en prison, qui constitue, à l’extérieur, un frein aux relations entre les proches. La troisième partie se penche sur un mécanisme de protection que doivent adopter de nombreuses femmes au moment de subir la fouille corporelle, soit le déni (Cohen, 2008). La dernière partie aborde la (nouvelle) centralité de la famille comme facteur de différenciation entre les détenus et, par conséquent, leur redéfinition pénitentiaire. Bref, nous montrons qu’il existe une relation bidirectionnelle qui fait en sorte que les proches sont à la fois partie intégrante de l’ordre carcéral et soumis à la gouvernance des logiques pénitentiaires, même en étant « hors » de la prison.
Déconstruire la stigmatisation des familles dans le discours sur les familles affectées par l’incarcération
Authors: Hannem1 Stacey , Dubois Florence 
Published: May 2019

La présente étude se penche sur les tentatives récentes des chercheurs et des activistes pour comprendre les conséquences collatérales du système de justice pénale pour les familles des détenus et pour remettre en question la légitimité de tels dommages collatéraux dans la « guerre contre le crime ». Ceux qui cherchent à montrer que les familles des détenus sont des victimes du système font souvent face à des préjugés stigmatisants : les discours sociaux et politiques qui identifient ces familles comme étant marginalisées créent aussi des obstacles à la remise en cause des politiques qui ont des effets négatifs sur ces familles. Généralement, le discours des chercheurs et des défenseurs de cette cause qui tentent d’attirer l’attention sur les problèmes auxquels font face ces familles insiste sur l’innocence et montre du doigt le rôle des familles dans la réduction du crime. Chercheurs et défenseurs soutiennent ainsi que les services aux familles et aux enfants réduisent les risques de récidive et de crimes « intergénérationnels ». J’examinerai ici les dilemmes dans la conduite de telles analyses coût-bénéfice et dans la rhétorique néolibérale de la réduction du risque en vue de remettre en question les politiques qui affectent les familles. Je défendrai que la remise en cause de la stigmatisation et des changements dans les discours sur les conséquences collatérales doit passer par l’inclusion et les droits de la personne plutôt que par le discours de l’exclusion employé par les idéologies dominantes sur la réduction du crime.
Improved noise characteristics of mutually injection locked semiconductor lasers in a weak coupling regime
Authors: Ke Xu , Ma Weichao , Xiong Bing , Sun Changzheng , Hao Zhibiao , Han Yanjun , Wang Jian , Wang Lai , Li Hongtao , Yu Jiadong , Luo Yi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Noise characteristics of stable mutual injection locking under weak coupling is studied by a theory based on noise correlation analysis. Both relative intensity noise (RIN) and frequency noise are investigated in detail. It is found that the RIN characteristics of mutual injection locked lasers under weak coupling are similar to that of unidirectional injection locking, except for the oscillation caused by coupling delay. Different from unidirectional injection locking, however, an extremely narrow linewidth can be obtained by mutual injection locking, and the injection parameters have a significant influence on the linewidth.
Yrkesrelevant skoleopplæring for fremtidens mediegrafikere
Authors: Aakernes Nina , Hiim Hilde 
Published: May 2019

Høsten 2020 skal det innføres en ny struktur for yrkesfagene i videregående skole, og nye læreplaner skal utarbeides. Det skal opprettes et nytt yrkesfaglig utdanningsprogram for IKT og medieproduksjon. Dette utdanningsprogrammet skal inneholde flere lærefag og blir dermed bredere enn det «gamle utdanningsprogrammet» for medier og kommunikasjon (MK).
I denne artikkelen presenterer vi resultater fra en toårig kvalitativ studie som har undersøkt kompetansebehovet i mediegrafikerfaget og yrkesrelevansen av dagens skoleopplæring for mediegrafikerlæringene. Studien har fulgt syv lærlinger i mediegrafikerfaget fra lærekontrakt ble inngått og frem til svenneprøven. Grunnlaget for resultatene som blir presentert i artikkelen er observasjoner i lærebedriftene og tilsammen 34 semistrukturerte intervjuer med lærlinger, yrkesfaglærere, instruktører i bedrift og representanter for opplæringskontor. Resultatene viserhvilken kompetanse som er sentral i mediegrafikerfaget, og styrker og svakheter ved dagens skoleopplæring. Disse resultatene peker mot hva som skal til for å oppnå en yrkesrelevant utdanning av mediegrafikere i det nye programmet.
Impact of Trichoderma Enhanced Composting Technology in Improving Soil Productivity
Authors: Matin M. A. , Islam M. N. , Muhammad N. , Rahman M. H. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: The study was conducted to determine (i) suitable waste, its quantity and dose of Trichoderma harzianum suspension and (ii) the impact of tricho-compost application on soil productivity.
Materials and Methods: Soil properties were tested before and after application of Trichoderma enhanced composting technology at five different districts of North-West Bangladesh. RCBD was used in the experiment where six biodegradable substratum were used and mixed with Trichoderma suspension in each pit. These six substratums were mixed with five doses of Trichoderma suspension i.e., 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ml per 100 kg substratum with three replications and therefore 90 pits were prepared to conduct the experiment. Nutrient content like N, P, K, B, S, Zn, soil pH and organic carbon were analysed in the laboratory.
Results and Discussion: Among the composting materials potato plant, water hyacinth, cowdung and household waste produced better compost than rice stubble and bio-slurry. Trichoderma suspension dose on 100 kg substratum 750 and 1000 ml showed better efficacy than other doses in terms of decomposition time, quantity of produced composed and nutrient value. The status of nutrient in soil were compared before and after interventions of Trichoderma suspension by means of using paired t-test and found that soil pH, K, S, Zn, N and B were increased significantly, where as organic carbon slightly increased but not significant changed and P decreased significantly.
Conclusion: There should be ample scope to be created tricho-compost everywhere for soil improvement for better crop production towards food security and improved livelihoods.
Health Risk Assessment of Chromium, Manganese and Arsenic through the Consumption of Food from Industrial Areas in South Eastern States of Nigeria
Authors: Onyedikachi Uchechi Bliss , Belonwu Chuka Donatus , Wegwu Mattew Owhonda 
Published: May 2019

Aim: This study investigated the health risk associated with chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and arsenic (As) through consumption of some food crops in selected industrialized areas located in the south eastern states of Nigeria using the estimated daily intake(EDI), bioaccumulation factor(BCF), target hazard quotient(THQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR).
Study Design: Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to assess the concentrations of Cr, Mn and As in the different food crops and soils at the industrialized areas.
Place and Duration: Samples were collected around industrial layouts in south east states of Nigeria. Duration was between February 2018 to September 2018.
Methodology: Twelve (12) different food crops which included 3 each of vegetables, tubers fruits and nuts and their rhizophere soils were collected from farmlands close to the industries at Osisioma, Akwuuru, Ishiagu, Ngwo, Irete while Umudike was the control site for this study.
Results: Mean concentrations of Cr and Mn ranged from 0.01 ± 0.01c to 26.32 ± 0.02 dmg/kg and 0.01 ± 0.00 to 5.53 ± 0.00 mg/kg while As which was Below Detection Limit (< 0.01) mg/kg. 60 and 11 0ut of 72 samples exceeded the WHO permissible limits of 0.2 and 2 mg/kg for Cr and Mn respectively. The BAF of >1 was recorded in 26 Samples out of 108 with its highest values in Pumpkin and Waterleaf suggesting it could be tried as bioindicators .THQ > 1 was recorded in all samples for different locations except for Star apple and Kolanut. ILCR values for Cr in all the samples ranged 10-2 to 10-5 exceeding the permissible range of 10-4 to 10-6.
Conclusion: The exposed population has the probability of contracting cancer and other ailments due to exposure to the heavy metals in this study. Therefore, this study suggests further consideration of the metals as chemicals of concern with respect to industrial locations in South Eastern, Nigeria.
K
olakowski,
L
eszek (1927–2009)
Authors: Rojek Chris 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Leszek Kolakowski's career illustrates the contradictions of modernity while being devoted to studying them. His experience under Marxist‐Leninism in postwar Poland exposed him to a model of government outwardly based upon socialist principles of management and development. Kolakowski grew to find it brutal, inflexible, and annihilating. Following sustained criticism of “presently existing socialism” he was expelled. His subsequent work examined the limitations of the central categories of modernist thought. He drew on the traditions of metaphysics and vitalism to pursue this end. He argued that the Enlightenment tradition that elevated reason as the defining characteristic of progress was unable to achieve social integration. His later work turned to the Christian tradition as the best resource to achieve integration.
Ethnic Identity and Globalization
Authors: Terpenning Steven 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Globalization and ethnic identity are inescapable features of our contemporary social experience, operating in a complex and paradoxical relationship. On one hand, ethnic identity is often employed in service of resisting or contesting globalization. A group that can convincingly demonstrate a shared history and culture in a particular territory is well positioned to put forward a political argument or territorial claim in the national or international arena. On the other hand, this politicalization of ethnicity and its relationship to geography itself emerged and spread through globalization. The very concept of ethnic identity as we know it arose from the history of increased global mobility and intercultural contact. In addition, political movements that assert a common ethnic identity are often enabled by globalization in that they rely on international networks, institutions, and media outlets to shape and convey their message. While the increasing mobility of people, ideas, and things has loosened ties between ethnicity and territory, ethnic identity remains a primary way for a group of people to express a shared culture and history while differentiating themselves from other groups. Furthermore, since globalization is experienced in different ways by different populations, ethnic identity has become a useful discourse for people to process and articulate their experience.
Civilizing Process
Authors: van Krieken Robert 
Published: May 2019

The concept of “the civilizing process” aims at understanding those social and political conditions, practices, and strategies which have produced changing conceptions of civilization. The concept is used in the greatest depth by the German sociologist Norbert Elias. Elias's approach shows that what is experienced as “civilization” is founded on a psychic structure or habitus which had changed over time, and that it can only be understood in connection with changes in broader social relationships.The concept is an important element of social and historical studies of the self, emotions and the body, sport, crime and punishment, genocide, organizations, international relations, and globalization. A central methodological problem concerns whether there has been too much emphasis placed on it as an unplanned process, and not enough attention paid to it as a civilizingmissionoroffensive. Anthropologists have also drawn attention to the continuities in human behavior across all cultural and historical contexts.The themes which will dominate future discussion of the civilizing process include extending the analysis of civilizing processes beyond advanced industrial societies, the regulation of crime and corruption, the application of the concept to international relations, and the analysis of globalization.
Solvent‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Crystallization of SnO2 Electron‐Transfer Layer for High‐Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Cong , Jiang Yue , Guo Jiali , Wu Xiayan , Zhang Wenhui , Wu Sujuan , Gao Xingsen , Hu Xiaowen , Wang Qianming , Zhou Guofu , Chen Yiwang , Liu Jun‐Ming , Kempa Krzysztof , Gao Jinwei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA high‐quality polycrystalline SnO2 electron‐transfer layer is synthesized through an in situ, low‐temperature, and unique butanol–water solvent‐assisted process. By choosing a mixture of butanol and water as a solvent, the crystallinity is enhanced and the crystallization temperature is lowered to 130 °C, making the process fully compatible with flexible plastic substrates. The best solar cells fabricated using these layers achieve an efficiency of 20.52% (average 19.02%) which is among the best in the class of planar n–i–p‐type perovskite (MAPbI3) solar cells. The strongly reduced crystallization temperature of the materials allows their use on a flexible substrate, with a resulting device efficiency of 18%.
Reduction of the Hysteresis Voltage in Atomic‐Layer‐Deposited p‐Type SnO Thin‐Film Transistors by Adopting an Al2O3 Interfacial Layer
Authors: Jang Younjin , Yeu In Won , Kim Jun Shik , Han Jeong Hwan , Choi Jung‐Hae , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe origin of hysteresis in the drain–source current (IDS)–gate‐source voltage (VGS) characteristics of atomic‐layer‐deposited (ALD) p‐type SnO thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is examined by adding ALD Al2O3 interfacial layers (IL) between the SnO channel layer and the SiO2 gate insulator (GI) layer. SnO TFTs with SiO2 GI exhibit a large hysteresis voltage (Vhy) due to the trap state density near the interface between the SnO active layer and the SiO2 GI (known as the border trap). Both experimental results and theoretical calculations show that the origin of border traps is the gap states in SiO2, which is induced by the Sn diffusion into the SiO2 layer. The use of Al2O3 films as ILs suppresses this diffusion. The effectiveness, however, is dependent on the thickness, crystallinity, and density of the Al2O3 films. The Vhy of the SnO TFTs can be decreased when the thickness and density of the ILs is increased if the amorphous structure of the Al2O3 IL is maintained after the rapid thermal annealing process. p‐Type ALD SnO TFTs with optimum ILs exhibit a high on‐off ratio of IDS (1.2 × 105), high field‐effect mobility (1.6 cm2 V−1 s−1), and a small Vhy (0.2 V).
An association between women's physical attractiveness and the length of their reproductive career in a prospectively longitudinal nationally representative sample
Authors: Kanazawa Satoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesWhy is physical attractiveness more important for women's mate value in long‐term mating than in short‐term mating? This article replicates Bovet et al.'s (Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2018; 31:229–238) recent finding that physically attractive women have a later expected age of menopause.MethodsI analyzed the prospectively longitudinal, nationally representative sample of women in the National Child Development Study, applying t‐test and multiple regression analyses.ResultsAnalyses showed that girls rated physically attractive at age 7 underwent menarche 3.12 months earlier than other girls, and they had 32% smaller odds of having undergone menopause before age 51. The results suggest that more physically attractive women have longer reproductive careers, explaining why physical attractiveness may be a more important determinant of women's mate value in long‐term mating than in short‐term mating.ConclusionsWomen's physical attractiveness predicts the timing of menarche and menopause, thereby the length of their reproductive careers.
Impact of population aging on the presentation of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in the Pan Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study
Authors: Tagami Takashi , Tanaka Hideharu , Shin Sang Do , Ma Matthew Huei‐Ming , Ko Patrick Chow‐in , Karim Sarah , Khruekarnchana Pairoj , Naroo Ghulam Yasin , Ong Marcus Eng Hock 
Published: May 2019

AimAs a population ages, it can impact on the characteristics and outcomes of cardiogenic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the age incidence of cardiogenic OHCA and population aging.MethodsThis was a post‐hoc analysis of the Pan Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS) database. Data on the population old‐age dependency ratio (i.e. elderly/non‐elderly) were extracted from publicly accessible sources (United Nations and World Health Organization).ResultsWe analyzed 40,872 OHCA cases from seven PAROS countries over the period 2009 to 2013. We found significant correlation between the population old‐age dependency ratio and elderly/non‐elderly ratio in OHCA patients (r = 0.92, P = 0.003). There was a significant correlation between the population old‐age dependency ratio and risk differences of 30‐day survival rates for non‐elderly and elderly OHCA patients (r = 0.89, P = 0.007).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the proportion of elderly among OHCA patients will increase, and outcomes could increasingly differ between elderly and non‐elderly as a society ages progressively. This has implications for planning and delivery of emergency services as a society ages.