bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Media, Cognition, and Brain Development in Adolescence
Authors: Marciano Laura , Dubicka Bernadka , Magis-Weinberg Lucía , Morese Rosalba , Viswanath Kasisomayajula , Weber René 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Drawing from the literature on adolescent cognitive development, we describe how digital media usage has been linked to cognitive control processes, including the regulation of affective responses. In addition, we highlight how digital media use is perceived as particularly gratifying for adolescents’ needs. The use of digital media for prolonged periods or in a problematic way has been associated with structural and functional changes in the brain regions related to top-down control and reward systems. Studies are still at an early stage, mostly cross-sectional and based on self-reports. Measures used to assess digital media use mainly cover time and frequency of use, or problematic digital media use, with little or no focus on specific activities and content. Reported effects tend to be negligible-to-small; however, studies have rarely examined the impact of mental health conditions, which can in themselves be the underlying driver of cognitive changes and digital media use. We suggest future research should focus on establishing causality and directionality while highlighting positive uses in relation to cognitive development. More data examining different types of uses and contexts, including vulnerable and underrepresented populations and areas, are necessary before generalizing results.
Video Games and Race
Authors: Gray Kishonna L , McPherson Tara , Russell Gillian , Anderson Rachel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Medical discussions around video games usually revolve around addiction, physical health, mental health outcomes, and even acts of violence. The authors of this chapter want to interject race into these discussions to explore the role that race, racialization, and racism have in conversations about gaming. By exploring the social harms of race in gaming, the authors explore how these emerge, from the radicalization of white youth to the toxic cultures that surround gaming, among others. We argue that significant harms occur also because of the ways in which spaces and technologies are designed that might facilitate the process of these racialized harms. The authors conclude with a list of recommendations and future research that focus on how we could imagine, design, and implement our technologies in ways that challenge, rather than reproduce, structural inequalities.
Online Resistance: The Past, Present, and Future of Challenging Racism with Digital Tools
Authors: Eschmann Rob , Anyiwo Nkemka , Toraif Noor , Ortiz Stephanie M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Here we explore the current state of research on online resistance, discuss how future research can build on this body of knowledge, and make recommendations for scholars, activists, and educators invested in understanding and utilizing digital tools to empower online resistance to racism and oppression. Digital tools can amplify resistance efforts as online users and activists create space for community growth and support across geographic boundaries, organize users to engage in collective or direct action, and facilitate the widespread sharing of anti-racist and anti-oppressive ideas, actions, and imaginaries. Digital resistance can change racial power dynamics, reducing the norms and social rules that make it improper to challenge the racism embedded in behaviors, attitudes, and policies in a racial capitalist society. We situate our analysis of online resistance in adolescence and emerging adulthood—developmental periods where youth grappling with their identity, developing their ideologies about the world, and contending with dynamic, increasingly complex forms of racism that can threaten their safety, health, and life trajectory. For youth who came of age as digital natives, the online context provides a unique, accessible space to explore their identity, assert their voice, build community, and challenge hegemonic racial structures that threaten their wellbeing.
Parenting and Screens During Middle Childhood
Authors: Bickham David S. , Cingel Drew P. , Nathanson Amy I. , Rose Chad A. , Johnson Colleen Russo , Scharrer Erica 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As their children reach middle childhood (6–12), parents are faced with new media-use challenges driven by their children’s development and growing independence. These youth spend over 5 ½ hours a day on screens, potentially displacing sleep, physical activity, and reading. During this stage, young people’s social lives evolve as the importance of peer interactions grows, their ability to understand the perspectives of other people develops, and their desire for online connection increases. In response, parents seek answers to questions concerning when and how to provide personal access to smartphones and social media. Research evidence supports considering a child’s needs, maturity, and responsibilities instead of only their age when providing them with a phone. Restrictive parental mediation strategies such as delaying access to social media during middle childhood may reduce overall use and limit risk for negative online social experiences, but they are also likely to interfere with the development of online social competencies and positive opportunities afforded by online socialization. A parental mediation approach that combines warmth and support with clear and consistent rules and consequences is likely protective, both against the negative impact of specific media content as well as against problematic media use overall.
Global Perspectives on Youth and the Digital Environment: Learnings from Majority World Countries
Authors: Magis-Weinberg Lucía , Dodel Matías , Pangrazio Luci , Pathak-Shelat Manisha , Tao Sisi , Uzuegbunam Chikezie E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With the proliferation of technology, the digital environment has become integral to youth globally. We provide an overview of research from Majority World countries (MWCs), where most children and adolescents are located and represent the fastest growing demographic of users. Digital inequalities in terms of access, use and skills, and risks and benefits impact the online and offline lives of youth in MWCs. We focus on micro-, meso-, and macro-level factors including gender, the role of parents and schools in mediation and scaffolding, digital literacy, and review recent regulatory initiatives. We highlight the unique challenges and opportunities that youth in MWCs face in navigating the digital environment and how these have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We identify areas for future research, including the need for more focus on children and younger adolescents, contextualized approaches that incorporate qualitative methodologies, and attention to the long-term consequences of the pandemic on youth’s digital technology use and well-being. Research and practical recommendations are included. We argue that a better understanding of youth’s experiences in MWCs can help inform more effective and equitable policies and programs that leverage the potential of digital technologies to improve the lives of youth globally, especially as regulatory initiatives gain momentum.
Education Technology During the Pandemic and Future Emergencies
Authors: Reich Justin , Cobo Cristóbal , Dryden-Peterson Sarah , Klopfer Eric , Kamenetz Anya , Trust Torrey 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As average global temperatures rise and extreme weather events become more common, schooling will be interrupted with greater frequency, for longer durations, in places without prior histories of disaster preparedness. Throughout the pandemic, educators developed a range of strategies for maintaining learning even when school buildings were inaccessible. These approaches included using outdoor spaces, supporting home-based learning, facilitating online learning, and adjusting class sizes and schedules. We call these approaches pedagogies of adaptability, and they will become increasingly important in an overheating world. To prepare for an uncertain future, schools and communities should develop local pedagogies of adaptability, ensure universal connectivity, prepare curriculum and policies for interruptions to learning, embrace critical approaches to technology adoption, and invest in social welfare and well-being for youth and families.
Gaming Convergences with Other Digital Technologies: Gambling, Pornography, Social Media, and Streaming
Authors: Gainsbury Sally M. , Swanton Thomas B. , Baenas Isabel , Castro-Calvo Jesús , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , Flayelle Maèva , Jiménez-Murcia Susana , Mestre-Bach Gemma , Billieux Joël 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the convergence of various digital technologies and their potential impacts on problematic online behaviors. Incorporation of gaming elements into many online activities (e.g., gambling, on-demand video streaming, social media, and pornography) has created concerns about problematic use, particularly among youth). We review the current state of knowledge, which suggests that problematic engagement in different activities represents distinct conditions. Nonetheless, despite their apparent distinctiveness, online addictive activities have shared risk factors, including personality factors, comorbid psychopathological symptoms, cognitive processes, and neurobiology. A common approach to prevention is therefore sensible, even if treatment of problematic cases should follow individualized approaches. Approaches actively involving parents are encouraged. We call for expanded research on the impact of specific design features of online activities on problematic behavior and risk, particularly relating to gamified activities. Longitudinal research is needed to better understand the use and impacts of online activities across developmental stages. Given the limited understanding of long-term impacts and the dynamic nature of related technologies, greater evidence is needed to inform policy and regulation relating to exposure of children and adolescents to content and activities that might in some cases promote problematic behaviors.
Genetic Effects
Authors: Kärkkäinen Katri , Kujala Sonja T. , Garcia-Gil Rosario , Steffenrem Arne , Sonesson Johan , Hoikkala Liina , Mäkinen Harri , Valkonen Sauli 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Genetic effects of continuous cover forestry (CCF) are not well known. We need more research, especially on the genetics of spruce-dominated CCF sites. Levels of relatedness are of interest, as are estimates of safe limits for the intensity and duration of CCF practices that secure genetic potential for good growth and quality.

With even-aged forestry, genetically improved regeneration material can be used to mitigate climate change-related risks through breeding and deployment recommendations. In CCF, currently based on natural regeneration, we assume that enough seedlings establish, and that sites contain enough genetic variation to enable natural selection and evolutionary processes.

Based on research in other regions, the number of reproducing trees must be kept large to avoid excessive levels of relatedness and inbreeding and to maintain sufficient levels of genetic diversity.

In some well-documented long-term experiments in other regions, intensive high-grading has led to slower growth rates, which could partly be due to genetic degradation of the stand. If contemporary recommendations for selection cutting are followed, negative genetic effects should be unlikely.
ESSD–ESGAR best practice position statements on the technical performance of videofluoroscopic swallowing studies in adult patients with swallowing disorders
Authors: Scharitzer Martina , Schima Wolfgang , Walshe Margaret , Verin Eric , Doratiotto Stefano , Ekberg Olle , Farneti Daniele , Pokieser Peter , Quaia Emilio , Woisard Virginie , Xinou Ekaterini , Speyer Renée 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) remain the gold standard for the instrumental assessment of oropharyngeal swallowing disorders alongside flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), requiring a high standard of quality and correct implementation. The current best practice position statements aim to guide the clinical practice of VFSS in individuals experiencing swallowing disorders.

Materials and methods
An international expert consensus panel with expertise in oropharyngeal dysphagia, comprised of radiologists, speech-language therapists, otolaryngologists, and other professionals in the field, convened by the European Society of Swallowing Disorders (ESSD) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR), developed best practice position statements. They were established using an online Delphi methodology involving an online panel discussion and item preparation and three consecutive rounds. Consensus was reached when ≥ 80% of the participants agreed on a specific recommendation.

Results
Eighteen best practice position statements were formulated, thereby establishing standard recommendations on the technical performance of VFSS. They cover VFSS planning, correct implementation, documentation, radiation protection, equipment and maintenance, and education and training.

Conclusion
These position statements summarise the panel’s deliberations and recommendations in performing VFSS, representing the agreed consensus of experts from ESSD and ESGAR. They provide a structured framework for optimising and standardising the performance of VFSS in patients with swallowing disorders.

Key Points
QuestionSignificant regional and national differences in clinical practice when performing VFSS highlight the need for interdisciplinary recommendations to optimise patient care.
FindingsEighteen statements were developed by representatives of the ESSD and the ESGAR.
Clinical relevanceThese best practice position statements on the technical performance of VFSS may serve as a basis for standardising the procedure and ensuring high-quality service.
Contemporaneity of the Typical and Upper Capsian (Northwest African Later Stone Age)
Authors: Perrault Nicolas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Capsian (9000–5400 cal BC) is an early Holocene Northwest African prehistoric tradition. It is generally divided into two facies: the Typical Capsian (TC) and the Upper Capsian (UC). While the TC was restricted to the eastern Capsian range, the UC existed in both the eastern and western ranges. Initially, these two facies were regarded as two successive phases (1933–1969). But with the arrival of radiocarbon dates, the TC, the eastern UC, and the western UC all came to be viewed as contemporary entities (1970–2002). Later, Rahmani (2003) argued for a return to the original view (1933–1969) and most authors have now come to accept this. Aumassip (2015:31–32), however, has recently argued that Rahmani’s theory may be flawed (“tendentious,” “partisan”). To investigate this possibility, the current paper reviews evidence from lithics, the bone industry, mortuary practices, the fauna, and radiocarbon dates. It concludes that Rahmani’s theory is indeed untenable. In particular, her assumption of western population replacement contradicts most relevant evidence. Due to developments in radiocarbon dating, however, it does not seem possible to return to the 1970–2002 view either, as suggested by Aumassip. A new model (the “H-model”) is therefore presented to reflect available evidence: Before the development of a flint knapping technique (pressure flaking) in the 6000s cal BC, Early Upper Capsians lived in the western Capsian range and Typical Capsians lived in the eastern range. By exchanging ideas, both groups then became Late Upper Capsians together, at the time of the development of pressure flaking. This new model emphasizes population continuity in both east and west.
Exploring Students’ Multimodal Representations of Ideas About Epistemic Reading of Scientific Texts in Generative AI Tools
Authors: Cheung Kason Ka Ching , Pun Jack , Kenneth-Li Wangyin , Mai Jiayi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs students read scientific texts created in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools, they need to draw on their epistemic knowledge of GenAI as well as that of science. However, only a few research discussed multimodality as a methodological approach in characterising students’ ideas of GenAI-science epistemic reading. This study qualitatively explored 44 eighth and ninth graders’ multimodal representations of ideas about GenAI-science epistemic reading and developed an analytical framework based on Lemke’s (1998) typology of representational meaning, namely presentational, organisational, and orientational meanings. Under each representational meaning, several categories were inductively generated while students expressed preferences in using drawn, written, or both drawn and written mode to express certain categories. Findings indicate that a multimodal approach is fruitful in characterising students’ semiotic resources in meaning-making of ideas about GenAI-science epistemic reading. We suggested implications regarding future intervention studies on tracking students’ ideas about GenAI-science epistemic reading using the analytical framework developed in this study.
Exploring the potential of Tb and Bi-doped LaF3 as a UV absorber
Authors: Deshmukh Pratik , Sharma Bhumika , Sahu Khageswar , Satapathy Srinibas , Majumder Shovan Kumar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLanthanide-based nanophosphors are finding significant applicability in various fields such as LED, solar spectral convertors, lasers, and biological sensors, owing to their superior stability and luminescence properties. However, their function as a UV protector has not evolved, possibly because of their limited absorption cross-section in the UV spectral region. Hence, to overcome this limitation, in this work, a strategy to utilize Bi3+ ion as a co-dopant in LaF3:Tb3+ nanophosphor has been devised. These nanophosphors with an uniform morphology and narrow particle size distribution were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. Luminescence mechanism involving energy transfer from Bi3+ to Tb3+ was investigated. The excitation spectrum of a LaF3 nanophosphor, co-doped with Bi and Tb, reveals distinct absorption bands. Absorption ascribed to Bi3+ characterizes the UV range between 220 and 275 nm, whereas Tb3+ is associated with absorption in another UV range spanning 280 to 380 nm. This shows the potential applicability of the Bi and Tb co-doped LaF3 nanophosphors as a UV absorber. The cytotoxicity of these nanophosphors was tested on HaCaT cells, indicating their potential applicability in the healthcare field.
Plant-specific microbial diversity facilitates functional redundancy at the soil-root interface
Authors: Wicaksono Wisnu Adi , Köberl Martina , White Richard Allen , Jansson Janet K. , Jansson Christer , Cernava Tomislav , Berg Gabriele 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aims
Plant-specific microbial diversity reflecting host-microbe coevolution was frequently shown at the structural level but less on the functional scale. We studied the microbiome of three compartments at the soil root interface (root endosphere, rhizosphere, bulk soil) of medicinal plants cultivated under organic management in Egypt. The study aimed to examine the impact of the rhizosphere on microbial community composition and diversity in desert agricultural soil, as well as to identify specific functions associated with the rhizosphere.

Methods
The microbiome community structure, diversity, and microbial functioning were evaluated through the utilization of 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenome sequencing.

Results
We found the typical rhizosphere effect and plant-species-specific enrichment of bacterial diversity. The annual plants Calendula officinalis and Matricaria chamomilla (Asteraceae) were more similar than the perennial Solanum distichum (Solanaceae). Altogether, plant species explained 50.5% of the variation in bacterial community structures in the rhizosphere. Our results indicate a stronger effect of the plant species in terms of modulating bacterial community structures in the rhizosphere than in root endosphere samples. The plant-driven rhizosphere effect could be linked to redundant plant beneficial functions in the microbiome, while enrichment of specific genes related to amino acid ion transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, defense mechanisms, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis were more specific.

Conclusions
The study explores the microbiome continuum at the soil-root interface of medicinal plant species, revealing significant bacterial community structure shifts and plant specificity. The study provides insights into the essential microbiome components contributing to rhizosphere functionality.
Cargo bikes and their modal shift effects: from substitution to car renunciation
Authors: Marincek Dimitri , Rérat Patrick , Lurkin Virginie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the context of a modal shift towards alternative transport modes such as cycling, walking and public transport, cargo bikes for personal transport could fill a void in the transport market by providing an alternative to car trips, especially among families. Yet, few studies have considered their modal shift effects on the use of other transport modes. We conduct a nationwide survey of 696 cargo bike owners in Switzerland, one of the largest samples to date. Cargo bikes’ modal shift effects are considered through three dimensions (1) their owners’ characteristics, motivations and uses; (2) the substitution of trips by other transport modes; and (3) the renunciation of ownership of other transport modes – especially the car. Our results provide a typology of five types of households depending on how the cargo bike induces a modal shift from the car.
Antifragile Treatment for Efficient Chimerism of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Kwon Daekee , Lee Taewook , Han Mijung , Han So-Woon , Kang Kyung-Sun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEngraftable hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can be obtained from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and peripheral blood (PB). However, a major bottleneck in HSC transplantation is identifying an unrelated donor that completely matches the human leukocyte antigen type of the recipient. This issue can be resolved by producing patient-specific stem cells. The purpose of this study was to identify the conditions under which induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived hematopoietic stem cells (iHSC) exhibit high efficiency. Because HSC are fragile and vulnerable to damage, this study was performed under the hypothesis that the engraftment rate could be increased by antifragile treatment. Antioxidant ginsenoside Rg1 was used to differentiate from iPSC to iHSC, and differentiated iHSC was intravenously injected into Balb/c nude mouse conditioned with diverse concentrations of busulfan. Engraftment was verified by the presence of human-specific markers in the PB at 2 and 8 weeks post iHSC transplantation. iHSC differentiated by incorporating 1 µM of Rg1 demonstrated high colony forming efficiency in vitro. Additionally, high efficiency engraftment occurred immediately after iHSC were transplanted into mice conditioned with high dose busulfan at a dosage of 125 mg/kg or higher. In this study, high-quality iHSC manufacturing and transplantation conditions capable of high efficiency engraftment in vivo were established. Hereafter, this method of producing HSC using patient-specific iPSC will become the fourth new source of HSC. Additionally, if gene-editing technology is applied, the scope of its application can be expanded to diverse infectious diseases.
Graphical Abstract