bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Glutamate and the Immune Systems: New Targets for the Pharmacological Treatment of OCD
Authors: Marazziti Donatella , Albert Umberto , Mucci Federico , Piccinni Armando 
Published: April 2018

Background:In the last decades the pharmacological treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) has been significantly promoted by the effectiveness of selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the subsequent development of the 5-HT hypothesis of OCD. However, since a large majority of patients (between 40% and 60 %) do not respond to SSRIs or strategies based on the modulation of the 5-HT system, it is now essential to search for other possible therapeutic targets.Aims:The aim of this paper was to review current literature through a PubMed and Google Scholar search of novel hypotheses and related compounds for the treatment of OCD, with a special focus on the glutammate and the immune systems.Discussion:The literature indicates that glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter, might play an important role in the pathophysiology of OCD. In addition, a series of clinical studies also supports the potential efficacy of drugs modulating the glutamate system.The role of the immune system alterations in OCD in both children and adults needs to be more deeply elucidated. In children, a subtype of OCD has been widely described resulting from infections driven by group A streptococcus β-hemolitic and belonging to the so-called &quot;pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus&quot; (PANDAS). In adults, available findings are meager and controversial, although interesting.Conclusion:The glutamate and the immune systems represent two intriguing topics of research that hold promise for the development of open novel treatment strategies in OCD.
An Indian Desert Shrub ‘Hiran Chabba’, Farsetia hamiltonii Royle, Exhibits Potent Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect Against Iron- Overload Induced Liver Toxicity in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Basu Tapasree , Kumar Bipul , Shendge Anil K. , Panja Sourav , Chugh Heerak , Gautam Hemant K. , Mandal Nripendranath 
Published: April 2018

Background:Farsetia hamiltonii Royle, also known as Hiran Chabba grows in desert regions. It is widely used as folk medicine to treat joint pains, diarrhea and diabetes. However, its antioxidant and iron chelation abilities both in vitro and in vivo have not yet been investigated.Methods:The 70% methanolic extract of F. hamiltonii (FHME) was investigated for its free radical scavenging and iron chelation potential, in vitro. An iron-overload situation was established by intraperitoneal injection of iron-dextran in Swiss albino mice, followed by oral administration of FHME. Liver damage and serum parameters due to iron-overload were measured biochemically and histopathologically to test iron-overload remediation and hepatoprotective potential of FHME. Phytochemical analyses were performed to determine its probable bioactive components.Results:FHME showed promising antioxidant activity, scavenged various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and chelated iron in vitro. FHME reduced liver iron, serum ferritin, normalized serum parameters, reduced oxidative stress in liver, serum and improved liver antioxidant status in ironoverloaded mice. It also alleviated liver damage and fibrosis as evident from biochemical parameters and morphological analysis of liver sections. The phytochemical analyses of FHME reflected the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids and tannins. HPLC analysis indicated presence of tannic acid, quercetin, methyl gallate, catechin, reserpine, ascorbic acid and gallic acid.Conclusion:Based on the experimental outcome, FHME, an ethnologically important plant can be envisaged as excellent antioxidant and iron chelator drug capable of remediating iron-overload induced hepatotoxicity and the bioactive compounds present in FHME might be responsible for its efficacy.
β-cell Regenerative Potential of Selected Herbal Extracts in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Attanayake Anoja Priyadarshani , Jayatilaka Kamani Ayoma Perera Wijewardana , Mudduwa Lakmini Kumari Boralugoda , Pathirana Chitra 
Published: April 2018

Background:Effective β-cell regeneration is a recognized therapeutic strategy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Regeneration of β-cells could be achieved via exogenous natural sources as medicinal plant extracts. Medicinal plants selected for the investigation were Spondias pinnata (Linn. f.) Kurz, Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt and Gmelina arborea Roxb. The objective was to determine the β-cell regenerative potential of these plant extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Alloxan monohydrate was used to induce diabetes (150 mg/kg, ip).Methods:Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups (n=6); healthy untreated rats (healthy control), alloxan-induced diabetic untreated rats (diabetic control), diabetic rats received the extracts (treatment groups) of S. pinnata (1.0 g/kg), C. grandis (0.75 g/kg), G. arobrea (1.00 g/kg) and diabetic rats received glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg; positive control). The above treatment was continued for 30 days. On the 30th day, the rats were sacrificed and biochemical parameters were determined. In addition, histopathology and immunohistochemistry on the pancreatic tissue were done on the 30th day.Results:According to the results obtained for biochemical parameters, there was a significant increase in the concentrations of serum insulin and C-peptide in plant extracts treated diabetic rats (p < 0.05). The extract of C. grandis produced the highest degree of β-cell regeneration demonstrated through an increase in the number of islets and percentage of the insulin-secreting β-cells (75%) in the pancreas of diabetic rats (p < 0.05) based on the histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings.Conclusion:The results revealed that the selected extracts of C. grandis (0.75 g/kg), G. arborea (1.00 g/kg) and S. pinnata (1.00 g/kg) exerted β-cell regenerative potential in diabetic rats. The three plant extracts would be valued as natural agents of prompting the β-cell regeneration in vivo.
“Wish You Were Here”: Examining Characteristics, Outcomes, and Statistical Solutions for Missing Cases in Web-Based Psychotherapeutic Trials
Authors: Karin Eyal , Dear Blake F , Heller Gillian Z , Crane Monique F , Titov Nickolai 
Published: April 2018

Background
Missing cases following treatment are common in Web-based psychotherapy trials. Without the ability to directly measure and evaluate the outcomes for missing cases, the ability to measure and evaluate the effects of treatment is challenging. Although common, little is known about the characteristics of Web-based psychotherapy participants who present as missing cases, their likely clinical outcomes, or the suitability of different statistical assumptions that can characterize missing cases.

Objective
Using a large sample of individuals who underwent Web-based psychotherapy for depressive symptoms (n=820), the aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of cases who present as missing cases at posttreatment (n=138), their likely treatment outcomes, and compare between statistical methods for replacing their missing data.

Methods
First, common participant and treatment features were tested through binary logistic regression models, evaluating the ability to predict missing cases. Second, the same variables were screened for their ability to increase or impede the rate symptom change that was observed following treatment. Third, using recontacted cases at 3-month follow-up to proximally represent missing cases outcomes following treatment, various simulated replacement scores were compared and evaluated against observed clinical follow-up scores.

Results
Missing cases were dominantly predicted by lower treatment adherence and increased symptoms at pretreatment. Statistical methods that ignored these characteristics can overlook an important clinical phenomenon and consequently produce inaccurate replacement outcomes, with symptoms estimates that can swing from −32% to 70% from the observed outcomes of recontacted cases. In contrast, longitudinal statistical methods that adjusted their estimates for missing cases outcomes by treatment adherence rates and baseline symptoms scores resulted in minimal measurement bias (<8%).

Conclusions
Certain variables can characterize and predict missing cases likelihood and jointly predict lesser clinical improvement. Under such circumstances, individuals with potentially worst off treatment outcomes can become concealed, and failure to adjust for this can lead to substantial clinical measurement bias. Together, this preliminary research suggests that missing cases in Web-based psychotherapeutic interventions may not occur as random events and can be systematically predicted. Critically, at the same time, missing cases may experience outcomes that are distinct and important for a complete understanding of the treatment effect.
Dimensiones constitutivas y ejes estructurantes de la ciudadanía
Authors: Ramírez Saíz Juan Manuel 
Published: April 2018

<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica-Oblique; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica-Oblique; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><p> </p><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><p>El trabajo plantea dos asuntos distintos, pero directamente vinculados: los componentes centrales de la ciudadanía y sus factores transversales o articuladores. En específico, considera, por separado, dos bloques de temas:</p></span></span></span><p> </p><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;">a) las cinco dimensiones de la ciudadanía (civil, social,</span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"> <p>económica, cultural, y política, y</p></span><p> </p></span><p><em><span style="font-family: Helvetica-Oblique; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica-Oblique; font-size: xx-small;">b</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Helvetica-Oblique; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica-Oblique; font-size: xx-small;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;">) sus cuatro ejes estructurantes (el jurídico o reconocimiento</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"> <p>estatal; el cultural; las prácticas o la agencia ciudadana; y las instituciones de la ciudadanía).</p></span></span></span></span></span></em>
Estrategias de comercio electrónico: oportunidad de negocios en las empresas del sur de Sonora / E-Commerce strategies: business opportunities in Sonora Sur companies
Authors: Espinoza Zallas Francisco Alan , Flores Figueroa Julián 
Published: April 2018

El presente documento se realizó con el fin de dar a conocer y demostrar que las estrategias de comercio electrónico pueden ser una oportunidad de trabajo en el área sur de Sonora. Este tipo de comercio hoy en día es uno de los más utilizados, ya que las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) dan a conocer sus productos o servicios a través del Internet; principalmente a través de las redes sociales, las que han tomado un papel muy importante, pues son el medio electrónico por el cual las personas se comunican con mayor facilidad y frecuencia. La metodología utilizada tuvo como base información documental, la cual, además, permitió proponer una estrategia ideal para las empresas de la geografía en cuestión.Como resultado se encontró que las redes sociales logran ser un gran aliado para las pymes por su bajo costo y fácil acceso; asimismo, se recomiendan estrategias de comercio electrónico para las empresas del sur de Sonora, tales como el uso de las ya mencionadas redes sociales, el desarrollo de páginas web y la implementación de carritos de compra.
Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Transport of Nanobodies Across the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Širochmanová I. , Čomor Ľ. , Káňová E. , Jiménez-Munguía I. , Tkáčová Z. , Bhide M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB) and a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier presents animmense challenge for effective delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system. Many potential drugs, which are effective at their site of action, have failed due to the lack of distribution in sufficient quantity to the central nervous system (CNS). In consequence, many diseases of the central nervous system remain undertreated. Antibodies, IgG for example, are difficult to deliver to the CNS due to their size (~155 kDa), physico-chemical properties and the presence of Fc receptor on the blood-brain barrier. Smaller antibodies, like the recently developed nanobodies, may overcome the obstacle of the BBB and enter into the CNS. The nanobodies are the smallest available antigen-binding fragments harbouring the full antigenbinding capacity of conventional antibodies. They represent a new generation of therapeutics with exceptional properties, such as: recognition of unique epitopes, target specificity, high affinity, high solubility, high stability and high expression yields in cost-effective recombinant production. Their ability to permeate across the BBBmakes thema promising alternative for central nervous system disease therapeutics. In this review, we have systematically presented different aspects of the BBB, drug delivery mechanisms employed to cross the BBB, and finally nanobodies — a potential therapeutic molecule against neuroinfections.
Clinical outcome and prognostic factors for central neurocytoma, a study of 14 cases
Authors: Mattar Mohamed Abdel Bari , El Badry Ashraf 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Since they’re rare, the intraventricular neoplasms “central neurocytoma” best management got diverse, and mystifying.
Aim of the work: to assess outcome for patients with central neurocytoma and value of specific factors like tumor size, surgical resection extent, atypia, and concomitant other modality of treatments by radiotherapy in their survival.
Patients & methods: 14 patients (8 males, 6 females) were managed surgically between 2012 and 2016. They were assessed clinically, radiologically and their outcome in relation to selected factors.
Results: Median age at diagnosis was 28.3 years in average (range 16–58). Median follow-up was 32.2 months.we lost 2 cases to follow-up in post-operative period. Six patients had recurrent of neurocytoma tumours.Five patients (35.7 %) obtained gross total resections (GTR) while 9 patients (64.2 %) had subtotal resections (STR). Two STR patients (14.2 %) received dose of radiation post operatively that significantly enhanced overall PFS (p =0.047). our series data propose that radiation therapy following (STR) usually increase (PFS). Two patients proved to have atypical neurocytoma by pathological reports died at 2.3 and 10.2 months after the microsurgical procedures. MIB-1 tagging index higher than 4 % is an indicator for poor outcome. We used Kaplan–Meier beside Cox proportional hazards methods in determining the Progression-free survival (PFS) in our study.
Conclusion: the extent of surgical resection may improve the neurological condition but not the survival, Atypia was the most important factor determine the recurrence & survival while radiotherapy improve the survival quietly.
Transsphenoidal surgery in Cushing disease: The challenging microadenoma (Local experience)
Authors: Zakaria Wael K. , Taha Ahmed N. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Cushing disease is uncommon challenging disease. The adenomas are usually small in size in most case making the disease diagnosis and management is sometimes difficult. In some cases, the tumor cannot be identified on imaging studies and in many cases the adenoma is eccentric in location adding more difficulties to the trans-sphenoid approach for excision of such tricky tumors.
Object: to evaluate the challenge of diagnosis and trans-sphenoid surgery for ACTH pituitary microadenomas.
Methods: 21 patients with ACTH secreting adenomas were involved in this retrospective study. All cases were operated up on via trans-sphenoid approach during the period from January 2009 till October 2015. All of them were microadenomas. All patients had obvious Cushing manifestations. In all cases magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and CT paranasal sinuses were performed. In this study: cases with macroadenomas and recurrent cases after previous trans-sphenoid approach or gamma knife radiosurgery were excluded.
Results: Among the 21 patients; 14 were female and 7 weremale with age ranging from 21 to 44 years. The imaging study was positive for microadenoma in 18 patients while in 3 cases; no tumor was seen on the MRI imaging. All were operated via the trans-sphenoid approach (12 patients via the microscopic technique and other 9 patients via the endoscopic technique). The adenoma was successfully removed in 15 out of the 18 patients with evident adenoma on pre-operative MRI imaging while partial hypophysectomy were done in 5 cases without an evident adenoma on pre-operative MRI study or difficult adenoma identification. In one patient; the procedure was aborted because of sphenoid sinus abnormalities and the tumor was successfully removed via trans-cranial approach. Disease remission was achieved in 17 patients. In 4 patients; complete remission was not achieved and gamma knife radiosurgery was done after surgery. Disease progression occurred in two patients with initial remission and was treated gamma knife radiosurgery. 13 patients had an ACTH deficiency after surgery while other hormonal replacement therapy is needed in only 5 cases. CSF rhinorrhea occurred in 2 patients and was managed with transient lumbar drain without any subsequent morbidities. Transient diabetes insipidus occurred in 6 cases and was treated conservatively.
Conclusions: The transsphenoidal approach ACTH secreting pituitary microadenomas is considered safe and effective for achieving disease remission despite the challenge of diagnosis and intra-operative tumor identification.
Partisipasi petani pada usahatani padi, jagung, dan kedelai perspektif gender
Authors: Mulyaningsih Asih , Hubeis Aida Vitayala S , Sadono Dwi 
Published: April 2018

<p><em>Sektor pertanian memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam pembangunan. Adanya kultur masyarakat yang menempatkan perempuan dengan perspektif tertentu mengakibatkan terjadinya bias gender dalam kegiatan usahatani. Partisipasi petani sangat diperlukan untuk mewujudkan ketahanan pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat partisipasi petani Pajale perspektif gender dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi petani dalam usahatani padi, jagung, dan kedelai perspektif gender. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan April sampai Juni 2017. Lokasi Penelitian di Kabupaten Pandeglang dan Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah suami istri petani padi, jagung, dan kedelai sebanyak 216 keluarga petani. Data yang dikumpulkan dan diolah dengan statistik inferensi yaitu Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) LISREL 8.72 dan Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: ciri kepribadian petani, intensitas pemberdayaan, ketersediaan informasi pertanian, dan dukungan terhadap lingkungan fisik dan sosio-ekonom mempengaruhi partisipasi petani persprktif gender. Dengan demikian model partisipasi petani perspektif gender dapat tercapai dengan cara meningkatkan kepribadian petani, meningkatkan intensitas pemberdayaan, ketersediaan informasi pertanian yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan petani, serta dukungan lingkungan fisik dan sosial ekonomi.</em></p>
Validity and Responsiveness of the Short Version of the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (Short-WORC) in Patients With Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Dewan Neha , MacDermid Joy C. , MacIntyre Norma 
Published: April 2018

Study Design Clinical measurement. Background Recently, the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) was shortened, but few studies have reported its measurement properties. Objective To compare the validity and responsiveness of the short version of the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (Short-WORC) and the WORC (disease-specific measures) with those of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and the simple shoulder test (SST) (joint-specific measures); the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) (a region-specific measure); and the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2) (a general health status measure) in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair (RCR). Methods A cohort of patients (n = 223) completed the WORC, SPADI, SST, DASH, and SF-12v2 preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months after RCR. Short-WORC scores were extracted from the WORC questionnaire. The construct validity (Pearson correlations) and internal responsiveness (effect size [ES], standardized response mean [SRM], relative efficiency [RE]) of the Short-WORC were calculated. Results The Short-WORC was strongly correlated with the WORC (r = 0.89−0.96) and moderately to strongly correlated with non-disease-specific measures at preoperative and postoperative assessments (r = 0.51−0.92). The Short-WORC and WORC were equally responsive (REShort-WORC/WORC = 1) at 0 to 6 months and highly responsive overall at 0 to 3 months (ESShort-WORC, 0.72; ESWORC, 0.92; SRMShort-WORC, 0.75; SRMWORC, 0.81) and 0 to 6 months (ESShort-WORC, 1.05; ESWORC, 1.12; SRMShort-WORC, 0.89; SRMWORC, 0.89). The responsiveness of the comparator measures (SPADI, SST, DASH, SF-12v2) was poor to moderate at 0 to 3 months (ES, 0.07−0.55; SRM, 0.09−0.49) and 0 to 6 months (ES, 0.05−0.78; SRM, 0.07−0.78). Conclusion The Short-WORC and WORC have similar responsiveness in patients undergoing RCR, and are more responsive than non-disease-specific measures. Future studies should focus on validation of the Short-WORC in samples representing the spectrum of rotator cuff disorders. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(5):409–418. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7928
Гипернефроидный рак почки с метастазом в молочную железу
Authors: Седаков И. Е. , Смирнов В. Н. , Скочиляс Т. Л. , Гандера В. Ф. , Хлопушин Е. Ю. , Рашевская А. А. 
Published: April 2018

В данной статье описан случай лечения пациента в Республиканском онкологическом центре им. проф.Г.В.Бондаря с гипернефроидным раком почки с метастазом в молочную железу с изучением клинически значимых валидных предикторов для построения дальнейшей тактики ведения пациентов.