bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları Etkileyen Faktörlerin Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemler ile İncelenmesi
Authors: YORULMAZ Özlem , GİRAY YAKUT Selay , KOCARIK GACAR Burcu 
Published: May 2019

Yabancı
yatırımlar, doğrudan ve dolaylı yabancı yatırımlar olmak üzere iki kısımda
incelenmektedir. Dolaylı yabancı yatırımlar, bir ülkeden başka bir ülkeye olan
sıcak para ya da portföy yatırımları olarak ifade edilirken; doğrudan yabancı
yatırımlar, uluslararası yatırımcıların bir ülkeye fabrika gibi üretim
tesisleri kurarak, şube açarak, taşınmaz edinerek veya var olan bir şirketi
tamamen ya da kısmen satın alarak yaptıkları yatırımlardır. Küreselleşmenin
etkisi ile ülkeler arasında bilgi, hizmet ve sermaye hareketleri hız kazanmış
ve bunun bir sonucu olarak da ülkelerin büyüme ve kalkınma süreçlerinde
doğrudan yabancı yatırımların etkisi ön plana çıkmıştır. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, yatırım yapılan
ülkeye yeni teknoloji getiren, sosyal ve ekonomik fayda sağlayan kalıcı yatırımlardır. Bu
çalışmada, literatürde doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar üzerinde etkisi olduğu
vurgulanan değişkenler ekonometrik bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmek yerine
çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler ile değerlendirilmiştir. Dünya Bankası
2014 yılı verilerinden hareketle OECD, Ortadoğu ve Latin Amerika ülkeleri
incelemeye alınmıştır. Çalışmanın
ilk aşamasında birimler değişkenler olarak alınmış ve doğrudan yabancı sermaye
yatırımlarını etkileyen çeşitli makro ekonomik, sosyal ve kurumsal dinamikler
arasındaki ilişki dikkate alınarak Ortadoğu, OECD ve Latin Amerika ülkelerinden
oluşan bu üç farklı ülke grubu, uzaklıklar matrisine dayanan bir boyut
indirgeme tekniği olan çok boyutlu ölçekleme ile kıyaslanmıştır. İkinci
aşamada ise ilgilenilen ülke grupları içerisindeki homojen ülke grupları,
kümeleme analizi ile belirlenmiş ve bulgular değerlendirilmiştir. Ortadoğu ve
Latin Amerika ülkelerinde doğrudan yabancı yatırımları etkileyen değişkenlerin
makro ekonomik değişkenler olmadığı, politik istikrar, yolsuzluk düzeyi ve
demokrasi gibi değişkenlerin belirleyici olduğu görülmüştür. Türkiye’nin
doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar açısından Ortadoğu ülkelerinden Ürdün, Lübnan,
İsrail ve Tunus ile benzer yapıda olduğu; OECD ülkelerinden ise Kore ile
doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve ilişkili faktörler bakımından benzer yapı
sergilediği saptanmıştır.
18. Yüzyılda Van Kalesi’nde Bulunan Dergâh-ı Âli Yeniçerileri
Authors: DEMLİKOĞLU Uğur 
Published: May 2019

Osmanlı Devleti’nin kuruluş
yıllarında ordu birlikleri aşiret kuvvetleri ile gaza için savaşan
gönüllülerden oluşmaktaydı. Ancak kale kuşatmalarının uzun sürmesi ve sürekli
fetihler için eldeki askerlerin kifayetsiz kalması hükümdara tabi, maaşlı ve
sürekli ordu birliklerinin kurulmasına neden olmuştur. Bu amaçla I. Murad
döneminde Yeniçeri Ocağı kurulmuştur.
Yeniçeri Ocağı’na sonraki hükümdarlar döneminde de farklı görevler icra
eden yeni askeri sınıflar dâhil olmuştur. Bu askeri sınıflar Osmanlı
Devleti’nin başkenti olan İstanbul’un dışında önemli hudut kalelerinde de görev
almışlardır. Bu kalelerden biri de Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Dönemi’nde Osmanlı Devleti’ne
katılan Van Kalesi olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti ile Safevi Devleti arasında meydana
gelen gerginliklerde ve harbin yaşandığı dönemlerde İstanbul’dan pek çok askeri
sınıf Van Kalesi’nde mevcut olmuştur. Bu makalede mevacib defterlerinden
istifade edilerek Van Kalesi’nde bulunan askeri sınıflar ile bu askeri
sınıfların mevcudu, yevmiyeleri, ulufe ve yıllık mevacibleri ile icra ettikleri
görevler ortaya konulmuştur. Van Kalesi’nin önemini ortaya koymak maksadıyla
Erzurum, Kars, Bağdat, Trabzon ve Tiflis gibi dönemin diğer önemli kaleleriyle
mukayesesi yapılmıştır.
Investigation on drag reduction performance of pipeline with bioinspired microgrooved surface
Authors: Liu Weili , Ni Hongjian , Wang Peng , Zhou Yi 
Published: May 2019

Novel surface morphology of pipeline with transverse microgrooves was proposed for reducing the pressure loss of fluid transport. Numerical simulation and experimental research efforts were undertaken to evaluate the drag reduction performance of bionic pipeline. The computational fluid dynamic calculation, using SST κ-ω turbulent model, shown that the “vortex cushioning effect” and “driving effect” produced by the vortexes in the microgrooves were the main reason for the drag reduction. The shear stress of the microgrooved surface was reduced significantly owing to the decline of the velocity gradient; then bionic pipeline achieved drag reduction effect in the pipe and concentric annulus flow. The primary and secondary order of effect on the drag reduction and optimal microgroove geometric parameters were obtained by orthogonal analysis method. The comparative experiments were conducted in a water tunnel, and a maximum drag reduction rate of 3.21% was achieved. The numerical simulation and experimental results were cross-checked and consistent with each other to verify that the utilization of bionic theory to reduce the pressure loss of fluid transport is feasible. Results can provide theoretical guidance for the energy saving of pipeline transportation.
Trois pièces d’échecs en ivoire de morse découvertes au château de Crèvecœur-en-Auge (Calvados)
Authors: Goret Jean-François , Poplin François 
Published: May 2019

Des fouilles anciennes menées sur le site du château de Crèvecœur-en-Auge (Calvados) ont livré trois pièces d’échecs remarquables, un roi ou fierce, un cavalier et un pion. Elles sont en ivoire de morse et présentent une facture soignée ainsi qu’une ornementation fine. Elles ont des formes stylisées et s’inscrivent dans la tradition des pièces non figuratives créées par les Arabes et reproduites par les Occidentaux à partir de la fin du xe siècle. Elles ont été publiées à plusieurs reprises, mais avec des descriptions sommaires. Cet article vise à combler ces lacunes, en portant un intérêt particulier au matériau et au décor, et il examine la question de l’origine et de la datation des pièces.
Os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de formação de professores de Geografia após a aprovação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais
Authors: Morais Eliana Marta Barbosa de , Alves Adriana Olivia , Bueno Miriam Aparecida 
Published: May 2019

Objetiva-se analisar a formação de professores de Geografia em diferentes Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) no Brasil, avaliando as alterações ocorridas na formação inicial no período de 2002 a 2012 em função das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN’s). Trata-se de uma pesquisa coletiva desenvolvida no âmbito do Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa em Educação Geográfica (NEPEG), que agrega pesquisadores de diferentes IES brasileiras. A problemática da formação de professores de Geografia no âmbito das DCN’s envolve o contexto político da educação brasileira; o cenário de sua implantação; e os impactos já percebidos na formação de professores de Geografia em função dessas DCN’s. Apresentar-se-á nesse artigo a primeira etapa da pesquisa, qual seja, a análise dos projetos pedagógicos das instituições envolvidas, para conhecer a relação do projeto com as DCNs; a concepção do estágio e da prática como componente curricular; a relação teoria e prática; a posição e a carga horária das disciplinas pedagógicas, destacando as convergências e divergências quanto ao embate entre legislação e projeto pedagógico.
Palavras-chave: Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais; Projetos Pedagógicos; Formação de Professores em Geografia; Brasil.
INVENTÁRIO E ANÁLISE DA ARBORIZAÇÃO DE VIAS PÚBLICAS DE MARINGÁ-PR
Authors: Cesar Furlaneto Sampaio André , Luiz Domingos De Angelis Bruno 
Published: May 2019

A cidade de Maringá tem na sua arborização de vias públicas um bem muito valioso, que contribui significativamente para boa qualidade de vida da cidade e outros fatores, porém a qualidade desta arborização vem decrescendo a cada ano. Atualmente o gerenciamento destas árvores apresenta vários problemas e dentre os principais podemos contar a infraestrutura pequena e insuficiente, e dados para um manejo e planejamento desatualizados. Esta pesquisa pretende colaborar com a melhora do planejamento da arborização de vias públicas com uma análise geral da arborização urbana de Maringá. Dessa forma elaborouse um levantamento censitário em 72,55% da área da malha urbana do município. A análise dos dados identificaram 113 espécies de porte arbóreo, em 93.261 árvores cadastradas, sendo que, 35,52% foram cadastradas como em condições gerais ruins (danos físicos, doenças e pragas). Uma freqüência alta de ocorrência, na ordem de 39,21% da espécie Caesalpinea peltophoroides Benth. (Sibipiruna) foi observado, o que é considerado grave, sobretudo por facilitar disseminação de doenças e pragas. A área verde das árvores de vias públicas correspondeu a 25,24/m2/hab. Os dados demonstram que novas diretrizes e um novo planejamento devem ser pensados com urgência para que essa exuberante arborização não continue seu declínio.
HISTÓRICO DA COMPOSIÇÃO DA VEGETAÇÃO ARBÓREA DO PARQUE DO IBIRAPUERA E SUA CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE
Authors: Kabashima Yukie , Leandro Feitosa Andrade Marcelo , B. Gandara Flávio , L. Tomas Fábio , L. Polizel Jefferson , D. N. Velasco Giuliana , F. da Silva Luzia , D. P. Dozzo Angela , G. Moura Rogério , Ferreira da Silva Filho Demóstenes 
Published: May 2019

Os parques urbanos, além de importantes espaços de recreação, esportes, lazer, cultura e promover melhoria na qualidade de vida, apresentam potencial de contribuir para a biodiversidade regional. Objetivou-se discutir as modificações históricas da composição da vegetação arbórea do Parque Ibirapuera de São Paulo, SP; sua contribuição para a conservação da biodiversidade regional; e analisar as espécies arbóreas do Parque quanto ao risco de queda. Para isso, foi elaborado inventário por censo dos indivíduos arbóreos do Parque Ibirapuera. Historicamente as primeiras vegetações inseridas no Parque possuíam o papel de promover a drenagem da área com o uso de espécies arbóreas exóticas, como as do gênero Eucalyptus e Ligustrum, que hoje representam 16% e 7,29% das árvores, respectivamente. Estas representaram a maior porcentagem de espécies classificadas em risco de queda alto, 83,7%. A inserção posterior de espécies nativas no Parque contribuiu para o aumento da biodiversidade regional, atualmente apresentando 39,4% de árvores nativas brasileiras. Os resultados indicam a necessidade da contínua diversificação de árvores e arbustos com espécies nativas, pois além de contribuir para a minimização de pragas e doenças vegetais, pela manutenção da diversidade e dos processos ecológicos na paisagem urbana, poderá prevenir fatores importantes que provocam a queda de árvores.
Planejamento estatal do turismo na Chapada Diamantina como administração de crise/State planning of the tourism within the Chapada Diamantina as crisis management
Authors: Serrer Pedro Benetazzo 
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo se propõe a retomar aspectos do processo de modernização turística empenhada na Chapada Diamantina como planejamento estatal e desdobramentos do mesmo. Esses elementos particulares são cotejados com uma proposta de interpretação da crise da reprodução capitalista contemporânea em escala nacional e como totalidade. Daí emerge a interpretação do planejamento como administração de crise.Palavras-chave: Chapada Diamantina; crise; planejamento. ABSTRACTThe present article intends to retake aspects of the process of tourist modernization committed to the Chapada Diamantina as state planning and unfolding of the same. These particular elements are compared with a proposal of interpretation of the crisis of contemporary capitalist reproduction on a national scale and as a whole. Hence emerges the interpretation of planning as crisis management.Keywords: Chapada Diamantina; crisis; planning.
Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of wildtype and mutated Hydra actinoporin-like toxin 1 (HALT-1) on various cancer cell lines
Authors: Ng Teng Jia , Teo Michelle Yee Mun , Liew Dek Shen , Effiong Paul Etim , Hwang Jung Shan , Lim Crystale Siew Ying , In Lionel L.A. 
Published: May 2019

Background
Hydra actinoporin like toxin -1 (HALT-1), is a small 18.5 kDa pore forming toxin derived from Hydra magnipapillata which has been shown to elicit strong haemolytic and cytolytic activity when in contact with cell membranes. Due to its cytotoxic potency, HALT-1 was further investigated for its potential as a toxin moiety candidate in immunotoxin developmental efforts, ideally as a form of targeted therapy against cancer.

Methods
In this study, wtHALT-1 (wild type) and its Y110A mutated binding domain counterpart (mHALT-1) were produced and evaluated for their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on various cancer cell lines. A total of seven different tumour and non-tumour cell lines including HeLa, HepG2, SW-620, MCF-7, CCD841CoN, NHDF and HCT116 were used. Immunofluorescence assays were used to observe membrane binding and localization changes between both HALT-1 recombinant proteins based on 6xHis-tag detection.

Result
Based on MTT data, mHALT-1 demonstrated a significant reduction of 82% ± 12.21% in cytotoxic activity across all cell lines after the membrane recognition domain had been mutated in comparison to the wtHALT-1. Annexin V FITC/PI assay data also indicated that HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7 demonstrated an apoptosis-mediated cell death after being treated with wtHALT-1. Additionally, a notable difference between wtHALT-1 and mHALT-1 binding affinity was clearly observed where emission of green fluorescence along the cell membrane was observed only in wtHALT-1 treated cells.

Discussion
These results suggest that mHALT-1 (Y110A) can be potentially developed as a toxin-moiety candidate for the development of future immunotoxins against various human cell-based diseases.
Biometrical Relationship between Body Weight and Body Measurements of Black Bengal Goat (BBG)
Authors: Habib Md. Ahsan , Akhtar Ambia , Haque Bhuiyan A. K. Fazlul , Choudhury Md. Panir , Afroz Most Farhana 
Published: May 2019

Aims: To develop regression equations for estimation of live weight from the external morphological measurements.
Study Design: CRD with non-orthogonal hierarchy.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at 3 rural village communities of Bhaluka Upazila in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh from 2009 to 2013.
Methodology: All animals were ear-tagged and maintained under semi-intensive management system with scheduled vaccination and de-worming. Data were collected from a baseline survey along with 3 progressive generations produced from the community foundation stocks. Body length, chest girth, wither height, hip height and body weights were measured in a same day and recorded individually from birth up to 15 month age. Body weights were measured in kilogram by a hanging spring balance and other morphological parameters were measured in centimeter by a measuring tape. The data were analyzed by "SPSS 17.0" statistical program.
Results: A total of seven regression models were adopted and analysis of variance showed that all models were fitted significantly (p<0.001). The correlation coefficient was higher when multiple body measurements were included in the model. The study also revealed that when chest girth as a single body measurement was included in the model gave the highest correlation coefficient (R=0.92). For including multiple measurements, body length and chest girth are the best external body measures which exposed same correlation coefficient (R2=0.92) when included more than these two body measures in the model. The differences between actual body weight and body weight predicted from regression equation for different ages were less than 1% (p>0.05) and correlation coefficient between weights was 0.92 (p<0.01).
Conclusion: There are strong correlations among morphometric body measurements. Thus, body weight can be estimated from a single or multiple body measurements by regression equation. Chest girth is the best single predictor for estimating live body weight with high accuracy.
Maize Response to Leguminous Biomass Composted with Phosphate Rocks in the Northern Zone of Tanzania
Authors: Shitindi Mawazo , Kpomblekou-A Kokoasse , McElhenney Wendell H. , Ankumah Ramble , Semoka Johnson , Bekunda Mateete , Bonsi Conrad 
Published: May 2019

A study was conducted to evaluate maize response to leguminous biomass composted with phosphate rocks (PRs) in a split plot design. Field experiments were conducted at Wang’waray Farmers Training Center (F.T.C) located in Babati District of Manyara region in the Northern zone of Tanzania between December 2013 and June 2015. Three leguminous (Crotalaria juncea, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriens) strips were cultivated in 2013/14 to produce a biomass which was harvested at flowering to early podding stage and air dried. Air-dry biomass was composted with PRs from Minjingu (medium reactive PR) and Panda Hill (low reactive PR). Maize response to different treatments was evaluated across the field strips in 2014/15 season. The strips previously used to produce leguminous biomass were used as main plots and each strip was divided into seven subplots receiving different treatments at random. A medium term maize variety SC. 627 was used as a test crop. Average maize grain yields obtained from Crotalaria, Lablab and Mucuna strips reached 5.3, 4.5 and 4.0 t ha-1, respectively and were statistically different (P=.05). Application of Minjingu or Panda Hill PR alone didn’t increase maize grain yield above the control while Minjingu PR applied with urea or composted with biomass increased maize grain yield by 2.40 and 1.58 t ha-1, respectively above the control. Application of Panda Hill PR with urea or composted with biomass increased grain yield by 1.20 and 1.06 t ha-1, respectively above the control. The observed differences (0.82 and 0.14 t ha-1) were not statistically significant indicating that biomass composted with PR was as effective as the PR applied with urea.
Intracellular accumulation of staphylopine impairs the fitness of Staphylococcus aureus cntE mutant
Authors: Chen Chunhui , Hooper David C. 
Published: May 2019

Staphylococcus aureus exports staphylopine (StP), a broad‐spectrum metallophore, via the CntE efflux pump. Here, the mechanism of the fitness defect in the ΔcntE mutant under metal depletion was investigated. Deletion of the StP exporter CntE results in a substantial growth defect, and disrupting the StP biosynthesis gene cntL restores growth of the ΔcntE mutant in metal‐depleted media. High‐resolution mass spectrometry revealed cytoplasmic accumulation of StP and the absence of extracellular StP in the ΔcntE mutant. The fitness defect of the ΔcntE mutant in mouse subcutaneous abscesses is largely due to StP accumulation. Expression of StP biosynthesis genes are upregulated in the ΔcntE mutant under metal starvation induction. In conclusion, failure to efflux StP results in intracellular StP accumulation and substantially impairs the fitness of S. aureus.
Quality evaluation of image‐based iterative reconstruction for CT: Comparison with hybrid iterative reconstruction
Authors: Kawashima Hiroki , Ichikawa Katsuhiro , Matsubara Kosuke , Nagata Hiroji , Takata Tadanori , Kobayashi Satoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the physical image quality of a commercially available image‐based iterative reconstruction (IIR) system for two object contrasts to resemble a soft tissue (60 HU) and an enhanced vessel (270 HU), and compare the results with those of filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR). A 192‐slice computed tomography (CT) scanner was used for data acquisitions. IIR images were processed from the FBP images. Task‐based in‐plane transfer function (TTF) and slice sensitivity profile (SSPtask) were measured from rod objects inside of a 25‐cm diameter water phantom at four dose levels (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mGy). Noise power spectrum (NPS) was measured from the water‐only part. System performance (SP) function was calculated as TTF2/NPS over FBP, IR, and IIR for comparison. In addition, an image subtraction was performed using images of rod objects, a bar‐pattern phantom, and a clinical abdomen case to observe the noise reduction performance of IIR. As a results, IIR mostly preserved TTF and SSPtask of FBP, whereas IR exhibited enhanced TTF at 10 and 20 mGy for 60 HU contrast and at all doses for 270 HU contrast. SP of IIR at 2.5, 5, 10 mGy (half doses) were similar to those of FBP at 5, 10, 20 mGy, respectively. IR exhibited enhanced SP at medium to high frequencies. The subtracted images showed weak remained edge signals in the bar‐pattern and abdominal images. In conclusion, IIR uniformly improved the task‐based image quality of FBP over the entire frequency range, whereas IR improved the characteristics over medium to high frequencies. The dose reduction potential of IIR estimated from SP is approximately 50%, when allowing the slight signal reductions.
The pedunculopontine region and breathing in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hyam Jonathan A. , Wang Shouyan , Roy Holly , Moosavi Shakeeb H. , Martin Sean C. , Brittain John Stuart , Coyne Terry , Silburn Peter , Aziz Tipu Z. , Green Alexander L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveRespiratory abnormalities such as upper airway obstruction are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and are an important cause of mortality and morbidity. We tested the effect of pedunculopontine region (PPNr) stimulation on respiratory maneuvers in human participants with PD, and separately recorded PPNr neural activity reflected in the local field potential (LFP) during these maneuvers.MethodsNine patients with deep brain stimulation electrodes in PPNr, and seven in globus pallidus interna (GPi) were studied during trials of maximal inspiration followed by forced expiration with stimulation OFF and ON. Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded in the unstimulated condition.ResultsPEFR increased from 6.41 ± 0.63 L/sec in the OFF stimulation state to 7.5 L ± 0.65 L/sec in the ON stimulation state (z = −2.666, df = 8, P = 0.024). Percentage improvement in PEFR was strongly correlated with proximity of the stimulated electrode contact to the mesencephalic locomotor region in the rostral PPN (r = 0.814, n = 9, P = 0.008). Mean PPNr LFP power increased within the alpha band (7–11 Hz) during forced respiratory maneuvers (1.63 ± 0.16 μV2/Hz) compared to resting breathing (0.77 ± 0.16 μV2/Hz; z = −2.197, df = 6, P = 0.028). No changes in alpha activity or spirometric indices were seen with GPi recording or stimulation. Percentage improvement in PEFR was strongly positively correlated with increase in alpha power (r = 0.653, n = 14 (7 PPNr patients recorded bilaterally), P = 0.0096).InterpretationPPNr stimulation in PD improves indices of upper airway function. Increased alpha‐band activity is seen within the PPNr during forced respiratory maneuvers. Our findings suggest a link between the PPNr and respiratory performance in PD.