bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI Combined with Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography for Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Liu Xiaojin , Xu Wanbo , Liu Zhenhe , Ye Junli 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are among the important
premalignant lesions. Early detection and intervention are critical to positive patient outcomes.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to evaluate the malignancy of IPMNs, and magnetic
resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is recommended for follow-up of pancreatic
cystic lesions.

Objective:
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRI combined with MRCP in determining
the malignant potential of pancreas IPMN.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study of 55 patients with 58 pancreatic lesions confirmed after
surgery, which were analyzed and divided into two groups, a benign IPMN group (n = 27) and a
malignant IPMN group (n = 31). Two radiologists analyzed the high-risk stigmata and worrisome
features of pancreas IPMN to evaluate the malignant potential. Score all the lesions as proposed by
the international consensus guidelines 2012, and calculate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

Results:
There were significant differences of size, enhancement of solid components, and degree
of dilation of the main pancreatic duct between benign and malignant IPMN (P < 0.05). However,
differences in gender, age and location of disease between the two groups were not statistically
significant (P > 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI combined with MRCP in
preoperative diagnosis of malignant IPMNs were 90.3% (28/31), 70.4% (19/27) and 81.0% (47/58)
respectively, when at least one worrisome feature was present.

Conclusion:
MRI combined with MRCP is useful in the evaluation of the benign and malignant
pancreas IPMN.
Radiologic Findings of a Rare Subtype of Invasive Breast Cancer with Poor Prognosis: Metaplastic Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Aydin Hale , Guner Bahar , Bostanci Isil Esen , Ciledag Nazan , Bulut Melda Boyacioglu , Bozgul Mustafa , Dilek Gulay Bilir , Aribas Bilgin Kadri 
Published: August 2018

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mammographic,
sonographic and MRI findings of metaplastic breast carcinoma.

Methods:
In this retrospective review study, we analyzed the medical files of 9600 patients who
were treated for invasive breast cancers. Clinical information, histopathologic and radiologic findings
of 65 patients were included in this study. All existing radiologic images and medical reports
were reviewed retrospectively. Thirty-three patients had MG, 58 patients had US and 7 patients had
MRI imaging results.

Results:
Mammographically, the most frequent presentations of MPBC were round shape, microlobulated
margin and high density masses. Calcifications with or without masses were not a frequent
finding. The most common sonographic findings were round shape, partially indistinct angular
margin, hypoechoic and heterogeneous echo patterns and no posterior feature masses. All lesions
were presented as masses rather than non-mass enhancements on magnetic resonance imaging.
Features of masses had more malignant feature on MRI than other modalities in all 7 patients.

Conclusion:
Metaplastic breast carcinoma is one of the rarest poorly differentiated invasive breast
carcinomas. Interestingly, these aggressive tumors demonstrate benign or moderately malign features
on imaging methods. This appearance of MPBC can cause it to be misdiagnosed as a benign
breast lesion especially in young women. MPBC should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis
of large palpable breast masses. Therefore, follow-up at short intervals and/or multimodality
imaging studies which include breast MRI are important for the diagnosis of MPBC.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Novel Benzimidazole Fused Condensed Thienopyrimdines Derivatives
Authors: Kaliraj S. , Kathiravan Muthu K. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Cancer is a major health problem acting as a global killer and one of the leading
causes of death. Most cancer chemotherapeutic drugs currently in clinical use are to kill malignant
tumour cells by inhibiting some of the mechanisms implied in cellular division. Thienopyrimidines occupy
a special position among the fused pyrimidines, along with other pyrimidines containing an annelated
five membered hetero aromatic ring; forms a significant class of drugs which exhibit an array of
various biological activities. One of the important current anticancer agent gefitinib acts as tyrosine
kinase inhibitors is a quinazoline derivative. The thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine ring system, is considered as a
bioisostere of quinazoline moiety and have attracted great attention due to their broad bioactivities, including
antitumor.

Methods:
Novel thienopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by cyclization of thiophene o-amino
esters with lactam salts such as pyrrolidin-2-one, piperidin-2-one and caprolactam by treating using
phosphorous oxychloride. The next set of compounds thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one were synthesised
by Niementowski condensations between 2-aminothiophene carboxylate and formamide under
reflux condition, followed by its chlorination in good yield. Microwave Fusion of 4-chlorothieno[2,3-d]
pyrimidines with o-phenylenediamine afforded target compounds. The target compounds were tested on
MCF-7 and HEK293 cell line.

Results:
The synthesized thirty compounds structures were established by IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy.
The synthesized compounds were obtained in the good yield ranging from 45-70%. The synthesized
compounds were subjected to cytotoxicity studies. Among the twenty compounds only one
compound showed moderate activity. One of the compound 2c bearing acetyl group had IC50 48.93 μM.
However decrease in the size of the lactam ring from six to five member ring or increase to seven member
ring resulted in the loss of activity. The IC50 value of 5a was found to be 70.86μg/ml. The compound
5i have more cytotoxic action among the series.

Conclusion:
A series of thirty compounds belonging to novel pyyrolo, pyrido and benzimidazole fused
thienopyrimidines were synthesized, characterized and were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity.
The compounds bearing bulky group such as terbutyl group and chloro substitution had the best activity.
In conclusion, these structures seems to have biological properties and further investigation on this
group could provide a lead.
Ameliorative Effect of Centaurea maroccana and Centaurea acaulis Against Nephrotoxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Baali Nacera , Samiya Baali , Ali Bentamen , Samir Benayache , Fadila Benayache , Souad Amedah 
Published: August 2018

Background:The ability of Centaurea maroccana (C. maroccana) and Centaurea acaulis (C. acaulis) to protect the kidney against CCl4-induced renal toxicity in male rats was investigated. Moreover, the total polyphenols and flavonoids amount and DPPH radical scavenging activity were estimated.Materials and Methods:Rats were pre-treated orally with C. maroccana and C. acaulis (200 mg/kg, daily for 2 weeks) along with CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, three times a week for 2 weeks). At the end of the treatment procedure, all rats were sacrificed and renal protective effect of C. maroccana and C. acaulis was evaluated.Results:Administration of CCl4 alone significantly elevated kidney malondialdehyde, as well as serum creatinine, urea and uric acid. While kidney level of glutathione and catalase were reduced. These were accompanied by glomerular and tubular degenerations and necrosis. Pre-treatment with C. maroccana and C. acaulis ameliorated the above mentioned biochemical parameters and histological changes associated with nephrotoxicity induced by CCl4. Moreover, both studied extracts showed a noticeable total polyphenols and flavonoids amount and antioxidant activity in DPPH assays.Conclusion:From the results, it is suggested that C. maroccana and C. acaulis extract has the ability to protect kidney against oxidative damages, possibly through the antioxidant effects of their bioactive compounds.
Aptamer-based Homogeneous Analysis for Food Control
Authors: Xia Xuhan , He Qiang , Dong Yi , Deng Ruijie , Li Jinghong 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Highly sensitive and rapid analysis of food contaminants is of great significance
for food safety control. Aptamer is a new kind of recognition molecules which could be applied
for constructing homogeneous analysis assays, potentially achieving highly sensitive, cheap and rapid
profiling of food contaminants.

Methods:
An overview of the literature concerning the homogeneous analysis of food contaminations
based on aptamers has been reviewed (focused on the most recent literature, 2000-2018).

Results:
Attributed to aptamer’s controllability, designability and feasibility for the adoption of nucleic
acid amplification, rapid, highly sensitive homogeneous assay for various food contaminants could
be constructed. The structure-switching aptamer probe would confer quick, efficient and specific response
to target food contaminants. Besides, the capability of amplification of aptamer sequences or
nucleic acid probes would lead to highly sensitive detection.

Conclusion:
Aptamer-based homogeneous analysis methods have already been applied to detect various
food contaminations ranging from toxins, heavy metal and pesticide to allergen and pathogenic
bacteria. However, it is still a challenge to achieve robust and accurate detection of food contaminants
in complex food samples.
Evaluation of Maximum Lifetime Power Efficient Routing in Ad hoc Network Using Magnetic Resonance Concept
Authors: Bhardwaja Manish , Ahlawat Anil 
Published: August 2018

Background:
A mobile Ad-hoc Network is a network in which each node is independent
of all other nodes of the network. In MANETs, nodes do not have proper infrastructure. The power
source of the Mobile Ad-hoc network is battery power. As we all know, battery power has a certain
limit and problems.

Objective:
The main objective of this manuscript is to resolve the power problem of nodes of mobile
ad hoc networks and increase the lifetime of the network.

Methods:
This paper implements the concept of wireless power transfer between the nodes of Adhoc
network and transfers the power to these nodes wirelessly and uses the maximum lifetime power
efficient routing algorithm (MLPER) to reduce the consumption of power used by the nodes. The
wireless power transfer can be achieved with the help of one type of near-field techniques called
magnetic resonance which works at the same resonance frequency. This technique is nonradiative in
nature.

Results:
This paper reduces the problem of power of the ad hoc network nodes nearly 70 to 80 %
from the traditional concept used for lifetime optimization of these nodes.

Conclusion:
In this manuscript, performance optimization can be analysed with the help of AODV
(Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol) on-demand routing protocol. This manuscript
shows that the proposed algorithm gives significant better results than AODV protocol with
some performance metrics. We revised some patents relating to Wireless power transfer.
Sexual Behaviour in Male Healthy Rats: A Comparison Between Indian Tribulus terrestris Linn. Extracts with Protodioscin Standardized Bulgarian Extract
Authors: Mukhram Mohammed Azeemuddin , Rafiq Mohamed , Kumar Neeraj , Jadhav Atul Namdeorao , Anturlikar Suryakanth Dattatray , Sundaram Ramachandran , Babu Uddagiri Venkanna , Paramesh Rangesh 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Tribulus terrestris Linn. (TT) is reported for its ability to improve male
sexual performance, and protodioscin is responsible for the activity. This study was designed to correlate
and compare various extracts of Indian TT with Bulgarian TT, and also the effect of protodioscin
content on the activity.

Methods:
Bulgarian TT extract (BT) and prepared solvent extracts [aqueous (WIT), supercritical
fluid (SIT) and methanol (MIT)] of Indian TT were standardized and compared using UV spectrophotometric
method. Forty male rats were randomized into 5 groups of 8 each. Group I served as untreated
control and group II to V were treated with 100 mg/Kg b.wt. of MIT, WIT, BT and SIT, respectively.
The groups received the respective treatment for fourteen days. Sexual behavior of the
rats was observed on Day-1&14. Serum testosterone was estimated after the last observation.

Results:
It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the treatment
groups. However, based on the mean values/ranking analysis of all the parameters, the order of potency
was WIT > SIT &#8805; BT > MIT.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that the aqueous extract of Indian TT which contains lesser
protodioscin showed comparatively better sex stimulant activity in comparison to the other tested
extracts.
Security Analysis of Wireless Authentication Protocols
Authors: Joshi Ashish , Mohapatra Amar Kumar 
Published: August 2018

Background & Objective:
Cryptographic protocols had been evident method for ensuring
con dentiality, Integrity and authentication in various digital communication systems. However the
validation and analysis of such cryptographic protocols was limited to usage of formal mathematical
models until few years back.

Methods:
In this paper, various popular cryptographic protocols have been studied. Some of these protocols
(PAP, CHAP, and EAP) achieve security goals in peer to peer communication while others
(RADIUS, DIAMETER and Kerberos) can work in multiparty environment. These protocols were
validated and analysed over two popular security validation and analysis tools AVISPA and Scyther.
The protocols were written according to their documentation using the HLPSL and SPDL for analysis
over AVISPA and Scyther respectively. The results of these tools were analysed to nd the possible
attack an each protocol. Afterwards The execution time analysis of the protocols were done by repeating
the experiment for multiple iterations over the command line versions of these tools.As the literature
review suggested, this research also validates that using password based protocols (PAP) is faster
in terms of execution time as compared to other methods, Usage of nonces tackles the replay attack
and DIAMETER is secure than RADIUS.

Results and Conclusion:
The results also showed us that DIAMETER is faster than RADIUS.
Though Kerberos protocol was found to safe, the results tell us that it is compromisable under particular
circumstances.
Randomized Link Repair Reactive Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Network
Authors: Rani Sudesh , Aseri Trilok C. 
Published: August 2018

Background and Objective:
Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) now-a-days is popular research
area due to numerous challenges such as congestion control, network management, and security
issues.

Methods:
VANET is a subtype of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), therefore, allows a vehicle to
exchange information with neighboring vehicles and with roadside infrastructure units. High mobility
of vehicles results to frequent link breakages. The existing VANET routing protocols follow a trivial
link repair mechanism. Therefore, there is a need to compute stable and reliable routes for vehicular
communication as well as frequently repair the broken links. Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector
(AODV) routing protocol is a reactive routing protocol which is suitable for very dynamic environment
such as VANET. In this paper, an improved Randomized Link Repair based AODV (RLRAODV)
routing protocol is proposed which uses the multiple route reply packets for data transmission
through alternate paths during link failure. The proposed methodology also reduces the network congestion
overhead generated due to broadcasting of route request packets.

Results and Conclusion:
The simulation analysis shows that RLR-AODV gives better performance
with respect to performance parameters such as average end-to-end delay, average packet delivery ratio,
and average packet loss ratio as compared to AODV and AOMDV.
An Analytical Drain Current Model for Dual-material Gate Graded - channel and Dual-oxide Thickness Cylindrical Gate (DMG-GC-DOT) MOSFET
Authors: Jaafar Hind , Aouaj Abdellah , Bouziane Ahmed , Iñiguez Benjamin 
Published: August 2018

Background:
A novel Dual Material Gate Graded Channel and Dual Oxide Thickness Cylindrical
Gate (DMG-GC-DOT) MOSFET is presented in this paper.

Methods:
Analytical model of drain current is developed using a quasi-two-dimensional cylindrical
form of the Poisson equation and is expressed as a function of the surface potential, which is calculated
using the expressions of the current density.

Results:
Comparison of the analytical results with 3D numerical simulations using Silvaco Atlas -
TCAD software presents a good agreement from subthreshold to strong inversion regime and for different
bias voltages.

Conclusion:
Two oxide thicknesses with different permittivity can effectively improve the subthreshold
current of DMG-GC-DOT MOSFET.
Ultra-deformable Liposomes as Flexible Nanovesicular Carrier to Penetrate Versatile Drugs Transdermally
Authors: Tiwari Gaurav , Tiwari Ruchi , Singh Rachna , Rai Awani K. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction:
Transferosomes also known as ultra-deformable liposomes were introduced by
Gregor Cevc in 1990. These are deformable vesicles that transport drug across the skin, which is the best
route of drug delivery because skin is the largest human organ with 3 kg total weight and a surface area
of 1.5-2.0 m2.

Methods:
Transferosomes are able to efficiently deliver low as well as high molecular weight drug
across the skin in terms of quantity and depth. Various methods used for the preparation of transferosomes
such as thin film hydration method, reverse phase evaporation method, vortex/sonication
method, ethanol injection method and freeze thaw method.

Results:
The prepared transferosomal preparation will be evaluated for particle shape and size, entrapment
efficiency, stability study, penetration ability and skin permeation study. In vitro release studies are
to be performed using a specific dissolution medium.

Conclusion:
Ultra deformable liposomes can be used for delivery of different drugs e.g. analgesic, anesthetic,
corticosteroids, anticancer, sex hormone, insulin, gap junction protein, and albumin.
Biomarkers and Spectroscopic Methods: The Strategies for Diagnostics of Selected Diseases
Authors: Krajčíková Kristína , Glinská Gabriela , Tomečková Vladimíra 
Published: August 2018

Background:
There are many different tools for diagnostics of various diseases.
One of the simplest approach for the early, rapid and accurate diagnosis represents
determination of biomarkers.
</P><P>
Focus: In the following text, we describe review of the latest discoveries in the field of
biomarkers of selected diseases: intestinal ischemia and atherosclerosis. The aim of this
review article is to show the problems which the researchers have been dealing with in the
process of discovering and establishing novel biomarkers. This work describes the
possibilities of monitoring biomarkers from noninvasive samples such as tears. Additionally,
the actual possibilities of the spectroscopy techniques in monitoring and diagnostics of
selected diseases are mentioned which might replace the need of biomarkers of several
diseases.
</P><P>
Prospect: For the most diagnostic purposes, biomarkers should be analyzed in body fluid
samples. For the biofluids, metabolic signatures could be determined, although there is no
consensus on possible biomarkers yet. Metabolomics, the comprehensive, qualitative, and
quantitative study of secondary metabolites and signaling molecules reveal a wide range of
dysregulated molecules in various diseases. However, using spectroscopic methods could
contribute to the traditional view on biomarkers by monitoring the relevant tissues and body
fluid samples.
Cost of inoculating seedlings with Pisolithus tinctorius spores
Authors: South David B. 
Published: August 2018

Although the production of commercial products of vegetative Pt (Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) inoculums has ceased in North America due to a lack of demand by consumers, the number of products that contain Pt spores has increased. The quality, quantity and price of these products vary considerably. The cost of inoculating 1,000 tree seedlings with Pt basidiospores can vary from $0.45 to more than $30. The cost of treating with Pt spores is lowest when seedlings are inoculated in a container nursery using rates that are less than 0.4 mg per seedling. However, with some products the cost to treat 1,000 bareroot seedlings is greater than $500 when spores are applied in the planting hole. Three decades ago, 1 g of Pt spores could be purchased for $0.13 and now the price of 1 g can exceed $14. Although many research papers provide data on the biological response to inoculating seedlings with spores, few document the cost of inoculation. Commercial products that are marketed toward homeowners containing both ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal spores are more expensive than products that contain only ectomycorrhizal spores. In situations where survival and growth of seedlings are not increased, the benefit/cost ratio will typically be less than one.
ESTADO-RECONSTRUTOR
Authors: Vargas Daniel 
Published: August 2018

Qual o papel do estado na economia? O ensaio apresenta três visões sobre o funcionamento do estado, que ganharam proeminência no pensamento social e na prática governamental ao longo do último século: o estado-regulador, o estado-compensador e o estado-reconstrutor. Na primeira visão, o estado-regulador atua para corrigir falhas de mercado. Na segunda, o estado-compensador atua para compensar desigualdades geradas pelo mercado. Na terceira, o estado-reconstrutor atua para reorganizar as fronteiras que organizam o próprio mercado. Ao contrastar suas principais fundamentações, o artigo também chama a atenção para o potencial do estado na reconstrução no desenvolvimento nacional.
Agoranomi
Authors: Van Golde Jacco 
Published: August 2018

Interbellum Rotterdam
IPSV
Sustainable building
100 jaar woningwet: atlas Wonen in Amsterdam en regio
100 jaar woningwet: Geografische Routes
Verslag congres 'Achtergestelde buurten en stedelijk beleid' te Schaarbeek (B), 20 april 2001
The Characteristics and Distribution of Congenital Heart Disease in Outpatient Clinic and Inpatient Ward of RSUD Dr. Soedono Madiun East Java in Year 2015
Authors: Finariawan Finariawan , Mahmud S.A. Syifa 
Published: August 2018

Background: Congenital heart disease is a heart abnormality that presents at birth and fatal in the majority of the case. Congenital heart disease affecting up to 8-10 in every 1,000 newborn. Methods: This study was a descriptive research about the characteristics and distribution of congenital heart disease at ward and clinic of a government hospital in East Java for a year, by investigating medical record from 1 January 2015 – 31 December 2015. We classified and analyzed the patients based on the different groups of age, gender, type of congenital heart disease, the age of first diagnosed, nutritional status, co-morbidities of the disease, medical intervention, and the funding. Result: Total sample from this research was 49 subjects, consist of 53% male and 46% female. CHD was mostly diagnosed in the first year of life (75%), with acyanotic CHD as the most common type. Malnutrition was found in 51% of the subjects. Nonsurgical medical intervention was the most common management performed to treat the condition (97%). The funding with National Health Insurance (PBI or non-PBI) was used in more than half of the subjects (51%). Conclusion: As the conclusion, CHD was commonly found in the first year of life with noncyanotic type dominated the CHD patients. As the highly cost of this disease, it was surprising that only half of the subjects were covered by National Health Insurance. A good funding resource was really needed to make sure the treatment plan of the diseases was well executed.