bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of biatrial vs left atrial surgical ablation during concomitant cardiac surgery: A meta‐analysis of clinical studies with a focus on the causes of pacemaker implantation
Authors: Cappabianca Giangiuseppe , Ferrarese Sandro , Tutino Cassandra , Corazzari Claudio , Matteucci Matteo , Mantovani Vittorio , Musazzi Andrea , De Ponti Roberto , Beghi Cesare 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe latest STS guidelines recommend concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation not only during mitral surgery (Class IA) but also during other‐than‐mitral cardiac surgery procedures (Class IB) in patients with preoperative AF. Conventional Cox‐Maze III/IV procedures are performed on both atria (BA), but several studies reported excellent results with left atrial only (LA) ablations: the scope of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of BA vs LA approach.Methods and ResultsPubmed, Scopus, and WOS were searched from inception to November 2018: 28 studies including 7065 patients and comparing the performance of BA vs LA approaches were identified: of these, 16 (57.1%) enrolled exclusively patients with non‐paroxysmal AF forms, 10 (35.7%) focused on mitral surgery as main procedure, and 16 (57.1%) regarded patients undergone Cox‐Maze with radiofrequency. The 6‐ and 12‐months prevalence of sinus rhythm were higher in the BA group (OR, 1.37, CI, 1.09‐1.73, P = .008 and OR, 1.37, CI, 0.99‐1.88, P = .05 respectively). Permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation (OR, 1.85, CI, 1.38‐2.49, P < .0001) and reopening for bleeding (OR, 1.70, CI, 1.05‐2.75, P = .03) were higher in the BA group. Among patients undergone PPM implantation, BA group had a significantly higher risk of sinoatrial node dysfunction (OR, 3.01, CI, 1.49‐6.07, P = .002).ConclusionsConcomitant BA ablation appears superior to LA ablation in terms of efficacy but is associated with a higher risk of bleeding and of PPM implantation, more frequently due to sinoatrial node dysfunction. LA approach should be preferable in patients with a higher risk of bleeding or with perioperative risk factors for PPM implantation.
Education, Activity Engagement, and Cognitive Function in US Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Zhang Wei , Tang Fengyan , Chen Yiwei , Silverstein Merril , Liu Sizhe , Dong XinQi 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVESTo examine whether and how early‐life experiences such as years of schooling affect late‐life cognitive function through a pathway of activity engagement.DESIGNProspective.SETTINGWe used data from 2 waves of the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE).PARTICIPANTSPINE is the largest population‐based epidemiological study of Chinese‐American adults aged 60 and older in the greater Chicago area. Wave 1 data were collected for 2 years, from July 2011 to June 2013, and Wave 2 data were collected from 2013 to 2015; total sample size was 2,713.MEASUREMENTSEducation was measured in years of schooling. Activity engagement was assessed using 15 items grouped into two clusters: cognitive activity and social activity. Cognitive function was evaluated using five instruments to assess general mental status (Chinese Mini‐Mental State Examination (C‐MMSE)), episodic memory, perceptual speed, working memory, global cognition score.RESULTSAdjusting for sociodemographic and health‐related control variables, education measured at Wave 1 was associated with better global cognition (b = 0.025, p < .001), C‐MMSE (b = .037, p < .001), episodic memory (b = .026, p < .001), Symbol Digit Modalities Test perceptual speed (b = .036, p < .001), and Digit Span Backward working memory (b = .047, p < .001) at Wave 2. Activity engagement, cognitive activity in particular, significantly mediates the effect of education on all cognitive tests, with the size of the mediating effect ranging from 16% to approximately 24%.CONCLUSIONAmount of schooling early in life is significantly related to late‐life cognitive function in virtually all domains, and cognitive activity is one of many links between the two. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S525–S531, 2019
Reconstrucción de la negritud y políticas del reconocimiento: afrodescendientes en Oaxaca
Authors: Hernández‐Díaz Jorge 
Published: August 2019

ResumenLas manifestaciones propias de la movilización política de la población afrodescendiente en la costa de Oaxaca para conseguir su reconocimiento como pueblo diferenciado, son históricamente recientes. Hasta hace muy poco tiempo las expresiones de carácter reivindicatorio de las personas que se reclamaran negras, morenas, afrodescendientes o afromexicanas eran casi inexistentes. Este texto describe y analiza el proceso de reconstitución de las identidades afrodescendientes en los últimos años del siglo XX y lo que va del siglo XXI como manifestaciones patentes que indican que la movilización étnica de la población afrodescendiente es un nuevo actor político en el contexto estatal y nacional.
Adaptation dynamics and evolutionary rescue under sulfide selection in cyanobacteria: a comparative study between Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria sp. (cyanobacteria)
Authors: Martín‐Clemente Elena , Melero‐Jiménez Ignacio J. , Bañares‐España Elena , Flores‐Moya Antonio , García‐Sánchez María J. 
Published: August 2019

Experimental evolution studies using cyanobacteria as model organisms are scarce despite the role of cyanobacteria in the evolution of photosynthesis. Three different experimental evolution approaches have been applied to shed light on the sulfide adaptation process, which played a key role in the evolution of this group. We used a Microcystis aeruginosa sulfide‐sensitive strain, unable to grow above ~0.1 mM, and an Oscillatoria sp. strain, isolated from a sulfureous spa (~0.2 mM total sulfide). First, performing a fluctuation analysis design using the spa waters as selective agent, we proved that M. aeruginosa was able to adapt to this sulfide level by rare spontaneous mutations. Second, applying a ratchet protocol, we tested if the limit of adaptation to sulfide of the two taxa was dependent on their initial sulfide tolerance, finding that M. aeruginosa adapted to 0.4 mM sulfide, and Oscillatoria sp. to ~2 mM sulfide, twice it highest tolerance level. Third, using an evolutionary rescue approach, we observed that both speed of exposure to increasing sulfide concentrations (deterioration rate) and populations’ genetic variation determined the survival of M. aeruginosa at lethal sulfide levels, with a higher dependence on genetic diversity. In conclusion, sulfide adaptation of sensitive cyanobacterial strains is possible by rare spontaneous mutations and the adaptation limits depend on the sulfide level present in strain’s original habitat. The high genetic diversity of a sulfide‐sensitive strain, even at fast environmental deterioration rates, could increase its possibility of survival even to a severe sulfide stress.
Documentation of shock features in impactites from the Dhala impact structure, India
Authors: Pati Jayanta Kumar , Poelchau Michael H. , Reimold Wolf Uwe , Nakamura Norihiro , Kuriyama Yutaro , Singh Anuj Kumar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe fundamental approach for the confirmation of any terrestrial meteorite impact structure is the identification of diagnostic shock metamorphic features, together with the physical and chemical characterization of impactites and target lithologies. However, for many of the approximately 200 confirmed impact structures known on Earth to date, multiple scale‐independent tell‐tale impact signatures have not been recorded. Especially some of the pre‐Paleozoic impact structures reported so far have yielded limited shock diagnostic evidence. The rocks of the Dhala structure in India, a deeply eroded Paleoproterozoic impact structure, exhibit a range of diagnostic shock features, and there is even evidence for traces of the impactor. This study provides a detailed look at shocked samples from the Dhala structure, and the shock metamorphic evidence recorded within them. It also includes a first report of shatter cones that form in the shock pressure range from ~2 to 30 GPa, data on feather features (FFs), crystallographic indexing of planar deformation features, first‐ever electron backscatter diffraction data for ballen quartz, and further analysis of shocked zircon. The discovery of FFs in quartz from a sample of the MCB‐10 drill core (497.50 m depth) provides a comparatively lower estimate of shock pressure (~7–10 GPa), whereas melting of a basement granitoid infers at least 50–60 GPa shock pressure. Thus, the Dhala impactites register a strongly heterogeneous shock pressure distribution between <2 and >60 GPa. The present comprehensive review of impact effects should lay to rest the nonimpact genesis of the Dhala structure proposed by some earlier workers from India.
Northwest Africa 10414, a pigeonite cumulate shergottite
Authors: Hewins R.H. , Zanda B. , Pont S. , Zanetta P.‐M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNorthwest Africa (NWA) 10414 is an unusual shergottite with a cumulate texture. It contains 73% coarse prismatic pigeonite, plus 18% interstitial maskelynite, 2% Si‐rich mesostasis, 2% merrillite, and minor chromite‐ulvöspinel. It contains no olivine, and only ~3% augite. Phase compositions are pigeonite (En68‐43Fs27‐48Wo5‐15) and maskelynite An~54‐36, more sodic than most maskelynite in shergottites. Chromite‐ulvöspinel composition plots between the earliest and most fractionated spinel‐group minerals in olivine‐phyric shergottites. NWA 10414 mineralogically resembles the contact facies between Elephant Moraine 79001 lithologic units A and B, with abundant pigeonite phenocrysts, though it is coarser grained. Its most Mg‐rich pigeonite also has a similar composition to the earliest crystallized pyroxenes in several other shergottites, including Shergotty. The Shergotty intercumulus liquid composition crystallizes pigeonite with a similar composition range to NWA 10414 pigeonite, using PETROLOG. Olivine‐phyric shergottite NWA 6234, with a pure magma composition, produces an even better match to this pigeonite composition range, after olivine crystallization. These observations suggest that after the accumulation of olivine from an olivine‐phyric shergottite magma, the daughter liquid could precipitate pigeonite locally to form this pigeonite cumulate, before the crystallization of overlying liquid as a normal basaltic shergottite.
A spatially explicit model of postdisaster housing recovery
Authors: Nejat Ali , Javid Roxana J. , Ghosh Souparno , Moradi Saeed 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough postdisaster housing recovery is an important player in community recovery, its modeling is still in its infancy. This research aims to provide a spatial regression model for predicting households’ recovery decisions based on publicly available data. For this purpose, a hierarchical Bayesian geostatistical model with random spatial effects was developed. To calibrate the model, households’ data that were collected from Staten Island, New York, in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy were used. The model revealed that on the scale of census tract, residents with higher income or larger household size were significantly less likely to reconstruct. In contrast, odds of reconstruction rose with increase of long‐term residents. The model outputs were also employed to develop a reconstruction propensity score for each census tract. The score predicts probability of reconstruction/repair in each tract versus others. The model was validated through comparison of the propensity scores with the distribution of Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery assistance and its resultant reconstruction. The validation indicated capability of the model to predict the potential hotspots of reconstruction. Accordingly, the propensity score can serve as a decision‐support tool to tailor recovery policies.
Effect of a gum‐based thickener on the safety of swallowing in patients with poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia
Authors: Bolivar‐Prados Mireia , Rofes Laia , Arreola Viridiana , Guida Sonia , Nascimento Weslania V. , Martin Alberto , Vilardell Natàlia , Ortega Fernández Omar , Ripken Dina , Lansink Mirian , Clavé Pere 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing viscosity with thickening agents is a valid therapeutic strategy for oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). To assess the therapeutic effect of a xanthan gum‐based thickener (Nutilis Clear®) at six viscosities compared with thin liquid in poststroke OD (PSOD) patients.MethodsA total of 120 patients with PSOD were studied in this controlled, multiple‐dose, fixed‐order, and single‐blind study using videofluoroscopy (VFSS). A series of boluses of 10 mL thin liquid and 2000, 1400, 800, 450, 250, and 150 mPa s viscosities were given in duplicate, interrupted in case of aspiration. We assessed the safety and efficacy of swallow and the kinematics of the swallow response.Key ResultsA total of 41.2% patients had safe swallow at thin liquid which significantly increased for all viscosities from 71.9% at 150 mPa s to 95.6% at 1400 mPa s (P < .001). PAS score (3.7 ± 2.3) at thin liquid was also reduced by increasing bolus viscosity (P < .001). The prevalence of patients with aspiration at thin liquid was 17.5% and decreased at all viscosities (P < .01), except at 150 mPa s. Increasing viscosity shortened time to laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) at all viscosities (P < .01) and reduced bolus velocity at ≥450 mPa s (P < .05). The prevalence of patients with pharyngeal residue at each viscosity 37.7%‐44.7% was similar to that at thin liquid (41.2%).Conclusions and InferencesThe prevalence of unsafe swallow with thin liquids is very high in PSOD. Increasing shear bolus viscosity with this xanthan gum‐based thickener significantly increased the safety of swallow in patients with PSOD in a viscosity‐dependent manner without increasing the prevalence of pharyngeal residue.
Biochemical pH clamp: the forgotten resource in membrane bioenergetics
Authors: Wegner Lars H. , Shabala Sergey 
Published: August 2019

SummarySolute uptake and release by plant cells are frequently energized by coupling to H+ influx supported by the proton motive force (pmf). The pmf results from a stable pH difference between the apoplast and the cytosol, with bulk values ranging from 4.9 to 5.8 and from 7.1 to 7.5, respectively, in combination with a negative electrical membrane potential. The P‐type H+ ATPases pumping H+ from the cytosol into the apoplast at the expense of ATP hydrolysis are generally viewed as the only pmf source, exclusively linking membrane transport to energy metabolism. However, recent evidence suggests that pump activity may be insufficient to energize transport, particularly under stress conditions. Indeed, cytosolic H+ scavenging and apoplastic H+ generation by metabolism (denoted as ‘active’ buffering in contrast to the readily exhausted ‘passive’ matrix buffering) also stabilize the pH gradient. In the cytosol, H+ scavenging is mainly associated with malate decarboxylation catalyzed by malic enzyme, and via the GABA shunt of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle involving glutamate decarboxylation. In the apoplast, formation of bicarbonate from CO2, the end‐product of respiration, generates H+ at pH ≥ 6. Membrane potential is stabilized by K+ release and/or by anion uptake via ion channels. Finally, thermodynamic aspects of active buffering are discussed.
Racial discrimination, the superwoman schema, and allostatic load: exploring an integrative stress‐coping model among African American women
Authors: Allen Amani M. , Wang Yijie , Chae David H. , Price Melisa M. , Powell Wizdom , Steed Teneka C. , Rose Black Angela , Dhabhar Firdaus S. , Marquez‐Magaña Leticia , Woods‐Giscombe Cheryl L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRacial discrimination has been linked to allostatic load (i.e., cumulative biological stress) among African American women. However, limited attention has been given to psychosocial processes involved in the stress response—critical for understanding biological pathways to health—in studies examining racial discrimination as a social determinant of health. We examined whether the superwoman schema (SWS), a multidimensional culture‐specific framework characterizing psychosocial responses to stress among African American women, modifies the association between racial discrimination and allostatic load. We used purposive sampling to recruit a community sample of African American women ages 30–50 from five San Francisco Bay Area counties (n= 208). Path analysis was used to test for interactions while accounting for the covariance among SWS subscales using both linear and quadratic models. Significant interactions were observed between racial discrimination and four of the five SWS subscales. Feeling obligated to present an image of strength and an obligation to suppress emotions were each protective whereas feeling an intense motivation to succeed and feeling an obligation to help others exacerbated the independent health risk associated with experiencing racial discrimination. Our findings affirm the need to consider individual variability in coping and potentially other psychosocial processes involved in the stress response process, and offer several insights that may help elucidate the mechanisms by which racial discrimination gets “under the skin.”
Postglacial stratigraphic evolution of a current‐influenced sandy shelf: offshore Kujukuri strandplain, central Japan
Authors: Nishida Naohisa , Ajioka Taku , Ikehara Ken , Nakashima Rei , Katayama Hajime , Sato Tomoyuki , Furuyama Seishiro , Tamura Toru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSandy shelf sediments are important elements of clastic sedimentary systems because of their wide distribution in the geological record and their significance as hydrocarbon reservoirs. Although many studies have investigated shelf sediments influenced by waves or tidal currents, little is known about shelf sediments influenced by oceanic currents, particularly their lithofacies characteristics and stratigraphic evolution. This study investigated the stratigraphic evolution of shelf sediments off the Kujukuri strandplain facing the Pacific Ocean, which is influenced by the strong Kuroshio Current. Sediment cores were obtained from six locations on the Kujukuri shelf (34 to 124 m water depth) using a vibrocorer. The dominant lithofacies is mud‐free sand with low‐angle cross‐lamination associated with alternating beds of finer and coarser sand with cross‐lamination. These display depositional processes influenced by storm waves and the Kuroshio Current, respectively. This finding is consistent with the previously presented modern and historical observations of the Kuroshio Current and estimates of the storm‐wave base. Radiocarbon dates show that the sediment succession formed during the last transgressive and highstand stages after 13·1 ka. The depositional processes during the stages represent a transition from storm waves with abundant sediment supply to both storm waves and the Kuroshio Current with sediment starvation mainly due to its trapping in the strandplain. Comparison to other Holocene–Modern shelf systems suggests that the sandy shelf successions are strongly influenced by oceanic currents under conditions of limited riverine input and open coastal geometry. The resultant sand‐dominated succession is characterized by reversal of the proximal to distal grain‐size trend compared to the fining for most other recognized wave/storm‐dominated shelf successions. This is because of seaward increase in the influence of the Kuroshio Current. Thus, shelf deposits are naturally complex, and these may be further complicated by the additional influence of oceanic currents above the usual wave‐dominated and tide‐dominated end members.
Motivational Interviewing to Address Suicidal Ideation: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Veterans
Authors: Britton Peter C. , Conner Kenneth R. , Chapman Benjamin P. , Maisto Stephen A. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveAlthough the months following discharge from psychiatric hospitalization are a period of acute risk for veterans, there is a dearth of empirically supported treatments tailored to veterans in acute psychiatric hospitalization.MethodWe conducted a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of Motivational Interviewing to Address Suicidal Ideation (MI‐SI) that explored and resolved ambivalence, and a revised MI‐SI (MI‐SI‐R) that resolved ambivalence, on suicidal ideation (SI) in hospitalized veterans who scored > 2 on the Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Participants were randomized to receive MI‐SI plus treatment as usual (TAU), MI‐SI‐R+TAU, or TAU alone. MI‐SI+TAU and MI‐SI‐R+TAU included two in‐hospital therapy sessions and one telephone booster session. Participants completed follow‐up assessments over 6 months.ResultsParticipants in all groups experienced reductions in the presence and severity of SI, but there were no significant differences among the groups. For the presence of SI, results were in the hypothesized direction for both MI‐SI+TAU conditions.ConclusionsResults are nondefinitive, but the effect size of both versions of MI‐SI+TAU on the presence of SI was consistent with prior MI findings. Exploratory analyses suggest MI‐SI‐R may be preferable to MI‐SI. More intensive MI‐SI‐R with a greater number of follow‐ups may increase its effectiveness.
Once in Parkland, a Year in Hartford, a Weekend in Chicago: Race and Resistance in the Gun Violence Prevention Movement
Authors: Bernstein Mary , McMillan Jordan , Charash Elizabeth 
Published: August 2019

Generally ignoring firearm‐deaths by suicide, “common sense” divides gun violence into two distinct types of phenomena: urban gun violence and mass shootings. At a cursory level, these phenomena seem distinct because of the difference in the number of victims killed during a particular shooting, rather than subtypes co‐creating a master category defined by gun violence. As a result, gunshot deaths of black and brown bodies in urban settings, which constitute the majority of deaths by gun violence after suicide, are viewed as routine whereas gunshot deaths in suburban settings are extraordinary and worthy of outrage. In this article, we draw on ethnographic observation to compare protest vigils in urban communities comprised predominantly of people of color, in suburban areas that are mostly white, and at the national level in order to uncover the racialized processes of symbolic classification by which this “commonsense” view is produced and how it is challenged by activists. We use the framework of cultural pragmatics to analyze these vigils, making visible the racialized forms of domination that structure activism and, we contend, ultimately divide gun violence into two distinct phenomena rather than constituting a master category. We argue that cultural pragmatics provides a way to understand what it means to challenge culture as emphasized by the multi‐institutional politics approach to social movements.