bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of depth and velocity on age‐0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon prey consumption: Implications for aquatic habitat restoration
Authors: Gemeinhardt Todd R. , Gosch Nathan J.C. , Civiello Anthony P. , Chrisman Nathan J. , Shaughnessy Heather H. , Brown Tracy L. , Long James M. , Bonneau Joseph L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAfter the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) was listed as endangered in 1990, a variety of management actions focusing on early life history needs have been implemented to aid species recovery. Given the scarcity of age‐0 pallid sturgeon, managers and scientists have relied on sympatric congeners to evaluate the effectiveness of management actions in the short term; however, increased understanding of habitat requirements for age‐0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon is still needed to appropriately focus management efforts. Recently, a lack of food‐producing and foraging habitats were proposed as potential limiting factors for pallid sturgeon, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the current definition of these habitats at multiple spatial scales using data from age‐0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon (shovelnose sturgeon [Scaphirhynchus platyrhynchus] or hybrid [shovelnose sturgeon x pallid sturgeon]). Results showed the water depths and velocities that currently define age‐0 pallid sturgeon foraging habitat had little effect on age‐0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon prey consumption. Similar results occurred when evaluating the relationship between prey consumption and food‐producing habitat present 10, 20, and 30 days before capture. Assuming that individuals captured during this study were a valid surrogate, these results suggest that increasing foraging and food‐producing habitat as defined by the current depth and velocity criteria is unlikely to result in the desired benefits of increased growth and survival of age‐0 pallid sturgeon.
FeCl3/PVP as Green Homogeneous Catalyst to Synthesize 5‐Amino‐1H‐Pyrazole‐4‐Carbonitriles from Malononitrile Derivatives
Authors: Elnagdy Hanan M. F. , Sarma Diganta 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe homogenous catalytic system “FeCl3/PVP” and green solvent system “water/PEG‐400” has been presented as a green pathway to synthesize 4‐amino‐1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbonitrile and its derivatives from a series of phenyl hydrazines and malononitriles. The new approach enhanced the reaction yield of the desired product up to 97% in 2–4 h time whereas the traditional thermal method gives only 87% maximum yield in relatively longer reaction time (3‐7 h). The catalytic system has remarkable benefits such as it is inexpensive, stable, easy to prepare and very efficient with a small loading of FeCl3 (5 mol%).
Understanding the Citric Acid–Urea Co–Directed Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Ferric Ion Modulation of Fluorescent Nitrogen Doped Carbon Dots: A Turn On Assay for Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Devi J. S. Anjali , Aparna R. S. , Aswathy B. , Nebu John , Aswathy A. O. , George Sony 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHerein, nitrogen doped carbon dots (NCDs) were synthesised from citric acid and urea via a previously reported microwave assisted route. The NCDs shows emission maximum at 500 nm on excitation at 400 nm. The fluorescence of NCDs decreases slightly with increase in basicity of solution up to pH 7.5 and then increases again after pH 8.5, along with a blue‐shift in tested alkaline pH. This pH dependent blue‐shift indicates the presence of both carboxyl↔carboxylate and phenol↔phenolate prototropic equilibrium in NCDs. Due to the special interaction of these phenolates and carboxylates on NCDs surface with di‐ or tri‐ valent heavy transition metal ions; it is demonstrated that ferric ion (Fe3+ ion) can quench the fluorescence of NCDs. This Fe3+ induced static quenching of NCDs is a collaborative effect of inner filter effect, aggregation and ferromagnetism. However, Ascorbic acid (AA) can recover the fluorescence of Fe3+ quenched NCD with detection limit as low as 96 μM. This detection strategy has good selectivity towards AA over other antioxidants, saccharides, proteins and neurotransmitters. Furthermore, (spiked) human serum and (spiked) human urine were analysed and found good recovery percentage.
Temperature—Not Flow—Predicts Native Fish Reproduction with Implications for Climate Change
Authors: Fraser Gregory S. , Bestgen Kevin R. , Winkelman Dana L. , Thompson Kevin G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHabitat alterations and introduction of nonnative fishes reduced the distributions of the Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis, Bluehead Sucker C. discobolus, and Roundtail Chub Gila robusta to less than 50% of their historical ranges. Climate change models generally predict decreased streamflows and increased water temperatures that may further affect these species. Understanding the effects of flow and water temperature on their life histories should lead to better assessments of climate change impacts on extant populations and more informed management for species conservation. Basinwide larval fish sampling and hatch dates derived from otolith daily increment counts showed that water temperature was the dominant environmental factor cueing reproduction in the upper White River basin, Colorado. Reproduction for all three species began in spring, occurring first at warmer, lower‐elevation, downstream locations and progressing upriver to higher elevations as water temperatures increased. Warmer water temperatures in tributaries initiated earlier reproductive activity compared to adjacent cooler main‐stem habitat. Presence of larvae in samples and estimated hatch dates demonstrated a distinct, predictable upstream progression of reproduction associated with warming water and clear upstream limits to reproduction for all three species. Larval presence and hatching dates revealed earlier reproductive activity in 2012 than in 2013, driven by lower flow and earlier stream warming. A regression model predicted stream temperature during fish spawning seasons under different climate change scenarios and showed expanded upstream limits of thermally suitable reproductive habitat and earlier reproduction for our study species. The long‐term implications of climate change are unknown, but managers should strive to perpetuate the valuable and relatively pristine native fish community in the upper White River drainage as a vestige of those that formerly existed throughout the Colorado River basin.
Quantitative Freedom
Authors: Dierksmeier Claus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter investigates two paragons of quantitative approaches to the philosophy of freedom: Friedrich August von Hayek and John Rawls. While they are typically portrayed as occupying opposing spaces on a spectrum from conservative to progressive liberal thinking, they resemble each other much more than meets the eye. On closer inspection, one can see, though, how either thinker assiduously tries to avoid any and all metaphysical underpinnings of his theory and aims to make do with a merely quantitative conception of freedom. These endeavors, however, fail to accomplish their respective – and quite contrary – political goals. Both Hayek and Rawls can only realize their concrete liberal aspirations by tacitly taking recourse to qualitative arguments. The chapter concludes by suggesting that one better give up the pretense that a philosophy of liberty could stand on quantitative grounds alone. Rather, the covert qualitative dimensions of liberal philosophy should be rendered overt so as to facilitate a productive as well as critical engagement with its tenets.
Energy flow networks: deep sets for particle jets
Authors: Komiske Patrick T. , Metodiev Eric M. , Thaler Jesse 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA key question for machine learning approaches in particle physics is how to best represent and learn from collider events. As an event is intrinsically a variable-length unordered set of particles, we build upon recent machine learning efforts to learn directly from sets of features or “point clouds”. Adapting and specializing the “Deep Sets” framework to particle physics, we introduce Energy Flow Networks, which respect infrared and collinear safety by construction. We also develop Particle Flow Networks, which allow for general energy dependence and the inclusion of additional particle-level information such as charge and flavor. These networks feature a per-particle internal (latent) representation, and summing over all particles yields an overall event-level latent representation. We show how this latent space decomposition unifies existing event representations based on detector images and radiation moments. To demonstrate the power and simplicity of this set-based approach, we apply these networks to the collider task of discriminating quark jets from gluon jets, finding similar or improved performance compared to existing methods. We also show how the learned event representation can be directly visualized, providing insight into the inner workings of the model. These architectures lend themselves to efficiently processing and analyzing events for a wide variety of tasks at the Large Hadron Collider. Implementations and examples of our architectures are available online in ourEnergyFlowpackage.
Does Induction Therapy Increase Anastomotic Complications in Bronchial Sleeve Resections?
Authors: Comacchio Giovanni M. , Schiavon Marco , Azzolina Danila , Mammana Marco , Marulli Giuseppe , Zuin Andrea , Verderi Enrico , Monaci Nicola , Bonanno Laura , Pasello Giulia , Rea Federico 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSleeve lobectomy represents a safe and effective treatment for central NSCLC to avoid the risks of pneumonectomy. Induction therapy (IT) may be indicated in advanced stages; however, the effect of IT on bronchial anastomoses remains uncertain. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of IT on the complications of the anastomoses.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2012, 159 consecutive patients were submitted to sleeve lobectomy for NSCLC at our Institution. We retrospectively compared the results of patients who underwent IT before operation with those who received upfront surgery.ResultsIn the study period, 49 (30.8%) patients received IT (37 chemotherapy, 1 radiotherapy and 11 chemo‐radiotherapy) and 110 (69.2%) patients were directly submitted to surgery (S). The two groups were comparable for sex, age, comorbidities, ASA score, pulmonary function, side, type of procedure and histology. Pathological stage was statistically higher for IT group (p = 0.001). No differences between IT and S groups were observed in terms of post‐operative mortality (2% vs 0%, p = NS), morbidity (45% vs 38%, p = NS), including early (6% vs 9%, p = NS) and long‐term (16% vs 14%, p = NS) bronchial complication rates. Patients undergoing induction mediastinal radiotherapy, however, are at higher risk of bronchial complications.ConclusionIn our experience, the use of induction chemotherapy did not significantly increase mortality and morbidity rates, in particular, neither for early nor for late anastomotic complications. We, therefore, conclude that sleeve lobectomy after induction chemotherapy is safe and reliable procedure for the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC.
Efficacy of Hepatic Segmental Visualization Using Indocyanine Green Photodynamic Eye Imaging
Authors: Nanashima Atsushi , Yano Koichi , Tobinaga Shuichi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo clarify the usefulness of identification of hepatic segmentation stained with an indocyanine green–photodynamic eye (ICG–PDE) system, we sequentially investigated the matching of visualization during hepatectomy in 40 patients at two institutions between 2009 and 2017.MethodsA low dose of ICG was administered into the portal flow to stain the estimated segments of the liver to be resected during hepatectomy, and segmentation images were observed using a PDE camera. Intraoperative ICG–PDE could be carried out for all patients without side effects.ResultsComplete segmental identification of the liver by blue dye stain and ICG–PDE was achieved in 30 (75%) and 35 (88%) patients, respectively, but the prevalence between them was not significantly different (p = 0.302). ICG–PDE segmentation in the estimated area was incomplete in three patients, and complete failure (no staining) was observed in two patients. The border between the posterior section and the caudate was identified in two patients.ConclusionThis preliminary study showed ICG–PDE to be a useful tool for clearly determining liver segmentation to estimate the area for resection.
Optimal growth of harmonic functions frequently hypercyclic for the partial differentiation operator
Authors: Gilmore Clifford , Saksman Eero , Tylli Hans-Olav 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe solve a problem posed by Blasco, Bonilla and Grosse-Erdmann in 2010 by constructing a harmonic function on ℝN, that is frequently hypercyclic with respect to the partial differentiation operator ∂/∂xk and which has a minimal growth rate in terms of the average L2-norm on spheres of radius r > 0 as r → ∞.
Sustaining the beneficial effects of maize production in Nigeria: Does adoption of short season maize varieties matter?
Authors: Oyinbo Oyakhilomen , Mbavai Joseph James , Shitu Mohammad Bello , Kamara Alpha Yaya , Abdoulaye Tahirou , Ugbabe Omadachi Ogbodo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn order to ensure sustainability of maize production in short-season environments of Nigeria, the Sudan savanna taskforce of Kano–Katsina–Maradi (KKM) Pilot Learning Site promoted short-season maize varieties in 2008 via Innovation Platforms (IPs). In the light of the promoted varieties, we evaluated the adoption and net benefits (productivity and income) of the maize varieties. We used cross-sectional household data elicited from 600 sampled households, double-hurdle model and propensity score matching. There was a remarkable increase in the adoption of short-season maize varieties in 2014 compared to what was obtained in a baseline conducted in 2008. Our empirical findings revealed that the adoption of the short-season maize varieties promoted through the IPs had significant productivity and income increasing effects. This implies that policy interventions to ensure sustainable maize intensification in the face of environmental limitations, such as early and late season drought, should intensify the promotion of short-season varieties in Sudan savannas. This will require well-concerted agricultural extension that can leverage IPs in view of its potentials.
LOCAL NEGATIVITY OF SURFACES WITH NON-NEGATIVE KODAIRA DIMENSION AND TRANSVERSAL CONFIGURATIONS OF CURVES
Authors: LAFACE ROBERTO , POKORA PIOTR 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe give a bound on the H-constants of configurations of smooth curves having transversal intersection points only on an algebraic surface of non-negative Kodaira dimension. We also study in detail configurations of lines on smooth complete intersections $X \subset \mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{C}}^{n + 2}$ of multi-degree d = (d1, …, dn), and we provide a sharp and uniform bound on their H-constants, which only depends on d.
Sustained impact of a sleep intervention and moderators of treatment outcome for children with ADHD: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sciberras E. , Mulraney M. , Mensah F. , Oberklaid F. , Efron D. , Hiscock H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aim to (1) determine whether a behavioural sleep intervention for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) leads to sustained benefits; and (2) examine the factors associated with treatment response.MethodsThis study was a randomised controlled trial of 244 children (5–13 years) with ADHD from Victoria, Australia. All participants had a moderate/severe sleep problem that met American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria for an eligible sleep disorder by parent report. The two-session intervention covered sleep hygiene and standardised behavioural strategies. The control group received usual care. Parent- and teacher-reported outcomes at 12 months included sleep, ADHD severity, quality of life, daily functioning, behaviour, and parent mental health. Adjusted mixed effects regression analyses examined 12 month outcomes. Interaction analyses were used to determine moderators of intervention outcomes over time. The trial was registered with ISRCTN, http://www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN68819261).ResultsIntervention children were less likely to have a moderate/severe sleep problem by parent report at 12 months compared to usual care children (28.4% v. 46.5%, p = 0.03). Children in the intervention group fared better than the usual care group in terms of parent-reported ADHD symptoms (Cohen's d: −0.3, p < 0.001), quality of life (d: 0.4, p < 0.001), daily functioning (d: −0.5, p < 0.001), and behaviour (d: −0.3, p = 0.005) 12 months later. The benefits of the intervention over time in terms of sleep were less for children not taking ADHD medication and children with parents experiencing depression.ConclusionsA behavioural sleep intervention for ADHD is associated with small sustained improvements in child wellbeing. Children who are not taking ADHD medication or have parents with depression may require follow-up booster sleep sessions.
Changes in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean estimated from the CESM Last Millennium Ensemble
Authors: Wainer Ilana , Gent Peter R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe changes in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current system associated with the Polar, sub-Antarctic and Subtropical Fronts in the Atlantic are examined in a ten-member ensemble using the Community Earth System Model. Results for the ensemble average mean show that the Polar Front at 25°W shifts to the south by 0.8° during 1970–2000 compared to its mean latitude over the period 1050–1950. This shift is significant because it is more than twice the standard deviation of the mean latitude time series during 1050–1950. The shift is caused by a slight southward displacement of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which in turn is caused by a southward shift in the latitude of the maximum zonal wind stress. The sub-Antarctic Front also shows a small southward shift after 1970, with a maximum latitudinal displacement of 0.2°. However, this shift is not significant compared to the standard deviation of the time series during 1050–1950. The Subtropical Front does not change its latitude during 1970–2000 compared to 1050–2000 because there is very little change in the wind-stress curl in the subtropics. Differences in temperature and salinity throughout the water column at 25°W reveal that during 1970–2000 there is freshening of Antarctic Intermediate Water, whereas the Circumpolar Deep Water becomes saltier.
Association of antepartum vitamin D deficiency with postpartum depression: a clinical perspective
Authors: Szpunar Mercedes J 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivePostpartum depression affects up to 20 % of new mothers within the first 12 months of parturition. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has known importance in bone health, but it may also play an important role in other functions, including reproduction and fertility, immune function and mental health. This clinical commentary reviews literature evaluating 25(OH)D deficiency during pregnancy and the incidence of postpartum depressive symptomatology.DesignNarrative review, summary and recommendations.Setting/ParticipantsA literature search revealed five relevant studies of antepartum women, three based in the USA, one in Turkey and one in Iran.ResultsThree of the five studies measured serum 25(OH)D concentrations during the first or second trimester and discovered an association with 25(OH)D deficiency and depressive symptoms postpartum. One study determined an almost significant (P=0·058) inverse relationship with first-trimester 25(OH)D concentration and depressive symptoms postpartum, and the last study, which was a secondary analysis, did not find an association.ConclusionsThe Endocrine Society recommends routine vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation due to increased metabolic demand in the mother, but a recent Cochrane review recommended against screening. Vitamin D should be the target of more studies during pregnancy and the postpartum period since it appears to have an important role for both medical and mental health. Vitamin D supplementation is a relatively safe and cost-effective intervention during pregnancy, and it may prove to be important in the prevention of postpartum depression.
Neogene Epeirogeny of Iberia
Authors: Conway‐Jones Benedict W. , Roberts Gareth G. , Fichtner Andreas , Hoggard Mark 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe origin of Iberia's topography is examined by combining gravity, magmatic, topographic, and seismological observations with geomorphic considerations. We have four principal results. First, the highest coherence between free‐air gravity and topography is at wavelengths
250 km where admittance indicates that elastic thickness of Iberia's plate is 20 ± 3 km. These results imply that flexural and subplate support of Iberian topography could be expressed at wavelengths of O(100) km. Second, P‐to‐S receiver functions and simple isostatic calculations indicate that while crustal thickness variations and flexural loading (e.g., as a result of plate shortening) partially explain the elevation of Pyrenean, Betics, Cantabrian, Spanish Central System, and Iberian Chain topography, they fail to explain the elevation of large parts of Iberia. Third, a new full waveform shear wave tomographic model and velocity to temperature conversions suggest that the asthenosphere beneath Iberia is anomalously slow and has excess temperatures of up to 162 ± 14 °C. Simple isostatic calculations indicate asthenospheric support of topography of up to 1 km. Neogene‐Recent (∼23–0 Ma) extrusive magmatism (e.g., Calatrava, Catalan) sit atop many of the slow shear wave velocity anomalies. Finally, biostratigraphic data, combined with inversion of 3,217 river profiles, show that most of Iberia's topography grew during the last ∼30 Ma at rates of up to 0.3 mm/year. Best‐fitting theoretical rivers have a low residual root‐mean‐square misfit (=0.96) and calculated uplift is consistent with an independent inventory of stratigraphic and biostratigraphic observations. We suggest that Neogene‐Recent growth of most of central Iberia's topography was a result of asthenospheric support.
A Statistical Model for Isolated Convective Precipitation Events
Authors: Moseley Christopher , Henneberg Olga , Haerter Jan O. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present a highly simplified model to describe the diurnal evolution of a convective cloud field in idealized large eddy simulations. The life cycles of individual precipitation events are detected by a storm tracking algorithm which records the autonomous appearance and decay, as well as the merging and fragmentation of convective precipitation cells. Conditioned on the area covered by each cell, the tracking method records the time evolution of the precipitation intensity, the anomalies of near‐surface temperature and moisture, convective available potential energy, and convective inhibition. For tracks that do not merge or split (termedsolitary), many of these quantities show generic, often nearly linear relations that hardly depend on the forcing conditions of the simulations, such as surface temperature. This finding allows us to propose a simple idealized model of precipitation events, where the surface precipitation area is circular and a cell's precipitation intensity falls off linearly with the distance from the respective cell center. The drop‐off gradient is nearly independent of track duration and cell size. Multiple track properties, that is, track duration, peak, and mean intensity, as well as the associated cell area can hence be specified by knowing only one remaining parameter. In contrast to the simple and robust behavior of solitary tracks, tracks that result from merging of two or more cells show a much more complicated behavior. The most intense, long lasting, and largest tracks stem from tracks involved in repeated merging.