bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of drug consumption rooms on risk practices and access to care in people who inject drugs in France: the COSINUS prospective cohort study protocol
Authors: Auriacombe Marc , Roux Perrine , Briand Madrid Laélia , Kirchherr Sébastien , Kervran Charlotte , Chauvin Carole , Gutowski Marie , Denis Cécile , Carrieri Maria Patrizia , Lalanne Laurence , Jauffret-Roustide Marie 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionThe high prevalence of hepatitis C and the persistence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk practices in people who inject drugs (PWID) in France underlines the need for innovative prevention interventions. The main objective of this article is to describe the design of the COSINUS cohort study and outline the issues it will explore to evaluate the impact of drug consumption rooms (DCR) on PWID outcomes. Secondary objectives are to assess how DCR (a) influence other drug-related practices, such as the transition from intravenous to less risky modes of use, (b) reduce drug use frequency/quantity, (c) increase access to treatment for addiction and comorbidities (infectious, psychiatric and other), (d) improve social conditions and (e) reduce levels of violence experienced and drug-related offences. COSINUS will also give us the opportunity to investigate the impact of other harm reduction tools in France and their combined effect with DCR on reducing HIV-HCV risk practices. Furthermore, we will be better able to identify PWID needs.Methods and analysisEnrollment in this prospective multi-site cohort study started in June 2016. Overall, 680 PWID in four different cities (Bordeaux, Marseilles, Paris and Strasbourg) will be enrolled and followed up for 12 months through face-to-face structured interviews administered by trained staff to all eligible participants at baseline (M0), 3 month (M3), 6 month (M6) and 12 month (M12) follow-up visits. These interviews gather data on socio-demographic characteristics, past and current drug and alcohol consumption, drug-use related practices, access to care and social services, experience of violence (as victims), offences, other psychosocial issues and perception and needs about harm reduction interventions and services. Longitudinal data analysis will use a mixed logistic model to assess the impact of individual and structural factors, including DCR attendance and exposure to other harm reduction services, on the main outcome (HIV-HCV risk practices).Ethics and disseminationThis study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the French Institute of Medical Research and Health (opinion number: 14–166). The findings of this cohort study will help to assess the impact of DCR on HIV-HCV risk practices and other psycho-social outcomes and trajectories. Moreover, they will enable health authorities to shape health and harm reduction policies according to PWID needs. Finally, they will also help to improve current harm reduction and therapeutic interventions and to create novel ones.
Incidence and relative risk for developing cancers in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Peng Yun-Shing , Lin Jr-Rung , Cheng Bi-Hua , Ho Cheng , Lin Yung-Hsiang , Shen Chien-Hen , Tsai Ming-Hung 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the risk of developing cancers, particularly site-specific cancers, in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Taiwan.SettingThe National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan.ParticipantsThis study was conducted using the nationwide data from 2000 to 2013. In total, 1 466 596 pregnant women with admission for delivery were identified. Subjects with GDM consisted of 47 373 women, while the non-exposed group consisted of 943 199 women without GDM. The participants were followed from the delivery date to the diagnosis of cancer, death, the last medical claim or the end of follow-up (31 December 2013), whichever came first.Primary outcome measuresPatients with a new diagnosis of cancer (International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition, with clinical modification (ICD-9-CM codes 140–208)) recorded in NHIRD were identified. The risk of 11 major cancer types was assessed, including cancers of head and neck, digestive organs, lung and bronchus, bone and connective tissue, skin, breast, genital organs, urinary system, brain, thyroid gland and haematological system.ResultsThe rates of developing cancers were significantly higher in women with GDM compared with the non-GDM group (2.24% vs 1.96%; p<0.001). After adjusting for maternal age at delivery and comorbidities, women with GDM had increased risk of cancers, including cancers of nasopharynx (adjusted HR, 1.739; 95 % CI, 1.400 to 2.161; p<0.0001), kidney (AHR, 2.169; 95 % CI, 1.428 to 3.293; p=0.0003), lung and bronchus (AHR, 1.372; 95 % CI, 1.044 to 1.803; p=0.0231), breast (AHR, 1.234; 95% CI, 1.093 to 1.393; p=0.007) and thyroid gland (AHR, 1.389; 95 % CI, 1.121 to 1.721; p=0.0026).ConclusionWomen with GDM have a higher risk of developing cancers. Cancer screening is warranted in women with GDM. Future research should be aimed at establishing whether this association is causal.
Correlation of patient complexity with the burden for health-related professions, and differences in the burden between the professions at a Japanese regional hospital: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yoshida Shuhei , Matsushima Masato , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Mutai Rieko , Sugiyama Yoshifumi , Yodoshi Toshifumi , Horiguchi Ryoko , Watanabe Takamasa , Fujinuma Yasuki 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesAn ageing society includes high patient complexity. Various biopsychosocial problems result in a high burden for health-related professionals. The direct relationship between the burden and patient complexity, however, has not been reported. We aimed to examine correlations between the burden for the attending physicians and nurses, and Patient Centred Assessment Method (PCAM) scores of patient complexity.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingA regional secondary care hospital in Japan.ParticipantsWe included all inpatients admitted to our acute care unit between 1 July 2014 and 30 September 2014. Exclusion criteria were age <20 years, refusal to participate in the study and length of stay fixed at the time of admission.Main predictorPCAM total score in the initial phase of hospital admission.Main outcomeThe burden for each profession (measured on a Visual Analogue Scale).ResultsIn total, 201 inpatients participated [female/male=98/103, mean (SD) age of 77.4±11.9 years]. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between the burden and the PCAM score ranged from 0.23 to 0.32. All p values were <0.05. Multivariate analysis was conducted using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression to determine the association between the burden and the PCAM score in two models. Model 1 used the total PCAM score as the predictive variable. Model 2 used the PCAM factors, patient-oriented complexity and medicine-oriented complexity, as predictive variables. In Model 2, with the burden of physicians, medicine-oriented complexity was statistically significant, whereas with the burden of nurses, both age and patient-oriented complexity were statistically significant.ConclusionsPCAM scores correlated with the burden for physicians and nurses. Individual PCAM factors affected the burden for each profession differently.
Prevalence and risk factors for pterygium: a cross-sectional study in Han and Manchu ethnic populations in Hebei, China
Authors: Pan Zhouxian , Cui Jiantao , Shan Guangliang , Chou Yuyu , Pan Li , Sun Zixi , Cui Ze , Sun Jixin , Cao Yajing , Zhao Jingjing , Ma Xinyan , Ma Jifei , He Huijing , Ma Jin , Zhong Yong 
Published: February 2019

AimsTo investigate the prevalence, ethnic differences and associated risk factors for pterygium in Han and Manchu populations aged 40–79 years in Hebei province, China.DesignCross-sectional study, as a part of the China National Health Survey.SettingHebei province, China.ParticipantsA multistage cluster sampling method with urbanisation level-based stratification was used to select participants for this study. A total of 4591 individuals over 40 years were recruited for this study. Inclusive criteria: (1) residents who had been living in Hebei for more than 1 year; (2) Han individuals with both parents being Han, or Manchu individuals with both parents being Manchu; (3) underwent ophthalmic examinations and (4) information in the questionnaire was complete.Main outcome measuresMultiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between pterygium prevalence and factors of interest.ResultsA total of 3790 individuals (2351 Hans and 1439 Manchus) met the study criteria, of which 248 were diagnosed with pterygium (6.5%). There was no significant difference between the prevalence rates in Hans (6.2%) and Manchus (7.2%) (p=0.232). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for grade 2 or higher pterygium were increasing age (p<0.001) and rural residence (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.02; p=0.018), while the protective factors include gender (female) (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.88; p=0.011), cigarette smoking (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.83; p=0.005) and myopia (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.77; p=0.002). Premature menopause (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.05 to 6.72; p=0.038) increased the risk of grade 2 or higher pterygium in females, while higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.47; p=0.027) was a risk factor of grade 2 or higher pterygium in males.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of pterygium in Han and Manchu population in Hebei, China was approximately 6.1%. There were no differences in the prevalence of pterygium between Hans and Manchus, and the race was not a risk factor. This is the first study to report on the positive association between premature menopause and pterygium in females and between higher HDL levels and pterygium in males.
Support for Carers of Young People with Mental Illness
Authors: Lederman Reeva , Gleeson John , Wadley Greg , D’alfonso Simon , Rice Simon , Santesteban-Echarri Olga , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario 
Published: February 2019

In this article, we show how a technology-mediated mental health therapy involving psycho-education, therapist moderators, and social networking can provide support for carers of young people with mental illness. This multi-faceted tool provides opportunities for users to adapt the system to their needs, leading us to refocus the goal of treatment adherence toward a relatively new phenomenon in HCI, concordance, which has not previously been examined in the HCI literature in relation to online mental-health tools. Concordance shares important links with the development of therapeutic alliance, which is centrally important to mental health therapy, and to Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which informed our approach to design.
We present a three-month user study, which provides initial encouraging support for both the suitability of concordance as a lens for viewing user engagement and the idea that users can develop a therapeutic alliance with an online support system. This latter result is surprising as the phenomenon of therapeutic alliance generally describes a relationship between client and (human) clinician. Therapeutic alliance has previously been explored for face-to-face groups, and between individuals and online systems, but not for online groups. We show how even automated system behavior can encourage engagement from users and contribute to alliance formation, if the non-human parts of an online system are interactive. We argue that a design approach involving peer/moderator support as well as automated feedback, and which takes account of SDT, can provide support for therapeutic alliance.
Size-based queuing
Authors: Heilmann Florian , Fohler Gerhard 
Published: February 2019

Ethernet has become one of the most researched network technologies for modern, safety-critical, distributed systems due to its maturity and low cost. Standard Ethernet, however, is unsuitable for safety-critical applications due to its lack of delivery guarantees and lack of delay bounds. The Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) task group proposes several extensions to Standard Ethernet to address these shortcomings. One of the proposed extensions is the Time-Aware Shaper (TAS, IEEE 802.1Qbv-2015) which introduces a gate mechanism that enables scheduled transmissions and minimal jitter for high-priority messages. In order to achieve low jitter for these messages, guard bands are inserted into the schedule of the other traffic classes to ensure that the outgoing link is idle when the transmission of the high-priority message is scheduled to occur. This can result in wasted bandwidth.
In this work, we propose Size-Based Queuing (SBQ) - an approach to improve bandwidth utilization in TSN networks that utilize TAS and guard bands. After a detailed description of SBQ, we provide a method to schedule an SBQ-enabled TSN network and conduct a qualitative analysis of the impact of SBQ on the transmission time of messages and the improvements on bandwidth utilization. We show that SBQ can reduce the amount of wasted bandwidth in a network, without impacting the transmission of high-priority messages or requiring extensive changes of the TSN network.
Reactive oxygen species modulate Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 expression in piglet pulmonary arterial endothelial cells
Authors: Dikalova Anna E. , Aschner Judy L. , Zhang Yongmei , Kaplowitz Mark R. , Fike Candice D. 
Published: February 2019

We have previously shown that Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1) modulates nitric oxide (NO) production in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) from newborn piglets. Specifically, the ability to increase NO production in response to the l-arginine-NO precursor l-citrulline is dependent on SNAT1 expression. Elucidating factors that regulate SNAT1 expression in PAECs could provide new insights and therapeutic targets relevant to NO production. Our major goals were to determine if reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate SNAT1 expression in PAECs from newborn piglets and to evaluate the role of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and uncoupled endothelial NO synthase, enzymatic sources of ROS, in hypoxia-induced increases in SNAT1 expression. Treatment with either H2O2 or xanthine plus xanthine oxidase increased SNAT1 expression in PAECs from newborn piglets cultured under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia-induced increases in SNAT1 expression were inhibited by treatments with the ROS-removing agents catalase and superoxide dismutase, NOX1 siRNA, and the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Both tetrahydropbiopterin (BH4) and l-citrulline, two therapies that decrease ROS by recoupling endothelial NO synthase, reduced the hypoxia-induced increase in SNAT1 expression. BH4 and l-citrulline treatment improved NO production in hypoxic PAECs despite a reduction in SNAT1 expression. In conclusion, SNAT1 expression is modulated by ROS in PAECs from newborn piglets. However, ROS-mediated decreases in SNAT1 expression per se do not implicate a reduction in NO production. Although SNAT1 may be critical to l-citrulline-induced increases in NO production, therapies designed to alter SNAT1 expression may not lead to a concordant change in NO production. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1) modulates nitric oxide (NO) production in piglet pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Factors that regulate SNAT1 expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells are unclear. Here, we show that ROS-reducing strategies inhibit hypoxia-induced increases in SNAT1 expression. l-Citrulline and tetrahydropbiopterin decrease SNAT1 expression but increase NO production. Although SNAT1 is modulated by ROS, changes in SNAT1 expression may not cause a concordant change in NO production.
Trombosis de la vena central de la retina (TVCR) bilateral asociada a síndrome de hiperviscosidad en una Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström (MW) - a propósito de un caso
Authors: Luco López Valentina Teresa , Muñoz López Camila Fernanda , González Monsalve Felipe Humberto , Araya Araya Álvaro Francisco , González Salazar Rafael 
Published: February 2019

Introducción: la Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström (MW) es un tipo raro de linfoma de células B caracterizado por la proliferación de células linfoplasmocíticas que secretan altas cantidades de inmunoglobulinas M (IgM) monoclonales. Puede presentarse con una amplia gama de síntomas, entre ellos los derivados del aumento de la viscosidad plasmática. Métodos: reportamos un caso de MW que presentó una trombosis de la vena central de la retina (TVCR) bilateral en el contexto de un síndrome de hiperviscosidad (SHV). El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar algunos aspectos clínicos de la MW, con especial énfasis en el SHV y la TVCR. Resultados: las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio de la MW son inespecíficas y comunes a otras neoplasias hematológicas. El SHV se produce cuando los niveles de IgM sobrepasan los 3 mg/dL, situación que ocurre en un 15-30% de los pacientes. La TVCR es una complicación grave y rara asociada al SHV, presentándose típicamente como una pérdida de agudeza visual indolora. El fondo de ojo exhibe signos característicos, como tortuosidad venosa y hemorragias retinales hasta la periferia, y la angiografía con fluorosceína y la OCT pueden orientar al diagnóstico y guiar el manejo. El tratamiento incluye la plasmaféresis y tratamientos oftalmológicos basados en agentes antioangiogénicos. Conclusión: la MW es una enfermedad incurable. Sin embargo, es importante sospechar una TVCR en pacientes que debutan con una pérdida de agudeza visual, ya que existen tratamientos efectivos en el manejo de esta complicación.
Desaceleración en la reducción de la mortalidad materna en Chile impide alcanzar el 5° Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio.
Authors: Vera Pérez-Gacitúa Claudio Mauricio , Donoso Siña Enrique 
Published: February 2019

Antecedentes: en Chile, a pesar de la importante reducción de la mortalidad materna en la década de los 90, los avances distan de los objetivos comprometidos. Objetivos: analizar la tendencia de la razón de mortalidad materna (RMM) en Chile desde 1990 al 2015 y de factores epidemiológicos que afectan el cumplimiento del 5° Objetivo del Mileno (5°OM). Métodos: estudio observacional a nivel nacional. Analizamos la tendencia del cambio porcentual anual promedio (CPAP) y puntos de inflexión de la RMM junto con la evolución de los nacimientos, muertes maternas y sus causas. Además, analizamos los nacimientos por edad y la distribución de la razón de mortalidad materna por edad y por causa de muerte materna. Resultados: en Chile la RMM se redujo un 61% entre 1990 y 2015, con una inflexión desde el 2001 (IC 95% 1997 a 2004) demostrando dos periodos: 1990-2001 (CPAP -6,97%; IC 95% -8,63 a -5,29) y 2001-2015 (CPAP -0,66%; IC 95% -2,40 a 1,10). En el segundo período la tasa de natalidad disminuyó con menor pendiente, los nacimientos de madres de 15-29 años disminuyeron, mientras que en los otros estratos de edad los nacimientos aumentaron. En ambos períodos las primeras causas de muerte fueron hipertensión arterial, enfermedades concurrentes y aborto. En el segundo período la muerte materna por hipertensión arterial y aborto se redujo, mientras que por enfermedades concurrentes aumentó. Conclusiones: en Chile la RMM es estacionaria desde el 2001 y se asocia a cambios en la distribución en la edad materna y causas de muerte.
The Dual PI3K/mTOR Pathway Inhibitor GDC-0084 Achieves Antitumor Activity in PIK3CA-Mutant Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Ippen Franziska M. , Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher A. , Kuter Benjamin M. , Fink Alexandria L. , Bihun Ivanna V. , Lastrapes Matthew , Penson Tristan , Schmidt Stephen P. , Wojtkiewicz Gregory R. , Ning Jianfang , Subramanian Megha , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Martinez-Lage Maria , Carter Scott L. , Cahill Daniel P. , Wakimoto Hiroaki , Brastianos Priscilla K. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Previous studies have shown that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in up to 70% of breast cancer brain metastases, but there are no approved agents for affected patients. GDC-0084 is a brain penetrant, dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor that has shown promising activity in a preclinical model of glioblastoma. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of PI3K/mTOR blockade in breast cancer brain metastases models.
Experimental Design: The efficacy of GDC-0084 was evaluated in PIK3CA-mutant and PIK3CA wild-type breast cancer cell lines and the isogenic pairs of PIK3CA wild-type and mutant (H1047R/+) MCF10A cells in vitro. In vitro studies included cell viability and apoptosis assays, cell-cycle analysis, and Western blots. In vivo, the effect of GDC-0084 was investigated in breast cancer brain metastasis xenograft mouse models and assessed by bioluminescent imaging and IHC.

Results:
In vitro, GDC-0084 considerably decreased cell viability, induced apoptosis, and inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and p70 S6 kinase in a dose-dependent manner in PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer brain metastatic cell lines. In contrast, GDC-0084 led only to growth inhibition in PIK3CA wild-type cell lines in vitro. In vivo, treatment with GDC-0084 markedly inhibited the growth of PIK3CA-mutant, with accompanying signaling changes, and not PIK3CA wild-type brain tumors.

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that the brain-penetrant PI3K/mTOR targeting GDC-0084 is a promising treatment option for breast cancer brain metastases with dysregulated PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway conferred by activating PIK3CA mutations. A national clinical trial is planned to further investigate the role of this compound in patients with brain metastases.
A C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 2–Dominated Cross-talk between Tumor Cells and Macrophages Drives Gastric Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Zhou Zhijun , Xia Guanggai , Xiang Zhen , Liu Mingyang , Wei Zhewei , Yan Jie , Chen Wei , Zhu Jintao , Awasthi Niranjan , Sun Xiaotian , Fung Kar-Ming , He Yulong , Li Min , Zhang Changhua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurpose:C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2) is a key regulator that drives immune suppression and inflammation in tumor microenvironment. CXCR2-targeted therapy has shown promising results in several solid tumors. However, the underlying mechanism of CXCR2-mediated cross-talk between gastric cancer cells and macrophages still remains unclear.Experimental Design: The expression of CXCR2 and its ligands in 155 human gastric cancer tissues was analyzed via immunohistochemistry, and the correlations with clinical characteristics were evaluated. A coculture system was established, and functional assays, including ELISA, transwell, cell viability assay, and qPCR, were performed to determine the role of the CXCR2 signaling axis in promoting gastric cancer growth and metastasis. A xenograft gastric cancer model and a lymph node metastasis model were established to study the function of CXCR2 in vivo.Results:CXCR2 expression is associated with the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.002). Of all the CXCR2 ligands, CXCL1 and CXCL5 can significantly promote migration of gastric cancer cells. Macrophages are the major sources of CXCL1 and CXCL5 in the gastric cancer microenvironment, and promote migration of gastric cancer cells through activating a CXCR2/STAT3 feed-forward loop. Gastric cancer cells secrete TNF-α to induce release of CXCL1 and CXCL5 from macrophages. Inhibiting CXCR2 pathway of gastric cancer cells can suppress migration and metastasis of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions:Our study suggested a previously uncharacterized mechanism through which gastric cancer cells interact with macrophages to promote tumor growth and metastasis, suggesting that CXCR2 may serve as a promising therapeutic target to treat gastric cancer.