bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome induced by nivolumab immunotherapy for non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Kim Dohhyung 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessagePosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological syndrome characterized by vasogenic cerebral edema with predominantly posterior involvement. Uncontrolled severe hypertension and endothelial dysfunction have been implicated as two main mechanisms. Clinicians should notice the development of PRES in hypertensive patients accompanying neurological changes, such as impaired vision and consciousness.
Phosphorus and Boron Co‐Doped Carbon Coating of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes for Advanced Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Gu Tingting , Wang Jin , Tian Jing‐Hua , Zheng Xiangjun , Lu Kewei , Xin Yu , Wang Haibo , Yang Ruizhi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA facile approach for the preparation of phosphorus and boron co‐doped carbon coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, which is then applied as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries has been investigated. The effect of carbon coating amounts on the battery performance has been studied systematically. The 5 wt.% carbon coated sample exhibits the most outstanding performance, including an excellent capacity retention of 96.7 % after 200 cycles, superior rate capability (111 mAh g−1 capacity at 5 C), and significantly improved cycle life under 1 C. It is believed that the phosphorus and boron co‐doped carbon coating layer could suppress side‐reactions between the electrolyte and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, and alleviate the dissolution of manganese ions into the electrolyte effectively. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results reveal that the phosphorus and boron co‐doped carbon coating on LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 could reduce the charge transfer resistance significantly. The composite cathode therefore provides good conductivity as well as fast Li‐ion diffusion, then resulting in better rate capability and cycle life, even under a high temperature of 55 °C.
Investigations on the Liquid‐Phase Decomposition of AdBlue Urea for the Selective Catalytic Reduction Process
Authors: Braun Peter , Rabl Hans‐Peter , Matysik Frank‐Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDifficulties in decomposing AdBlue to ammonia limit the applicability of selective catalytic reduction systems at low exhaust temperatures. Investigations on the decomposition of AdBlue in the liquid phase under elevated pressure at temperatures up to 165 °C were carried out. Besides effects of inorganic catalysts, the impact of pH on urea decomposition was examined. After dissolution in aqueous phase, the compounds ZnO, WO3, and MoO3 were found to be effective in liquid‐phase AdBlue decomposition. However, the efficiency was dropping significantly over few hours. Decomposition of AdBlue urea was also found to be favored for alkaline and acidic conditions.
Association between depth of response and survival in patients with advanced‐stage non–small cell lung cancer treated with first‐line chemotherapy
Authors: Morgensztern Daniel , Ko Amy , O’Brien Mary , Ong Teng Jin , Waqar Saiama N. , Socinski Mark A. , Postmus Pieter E. , Bhore Rafia 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundA partial response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors includes a wide range of changes in tumor size. This study evaluated whether further specification of tumor reduction based on the depth of response (DpR) would provide a more precise association with outcomes for patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the randomized phase 3 CA031 trial in patients with NSCLC treated with carboplatin in combination with nab‐paclitaxel or solvent‐based paclitaxel. Quartiles according to the maximum tumor reduction from the baseline were defined (quartile 1 [Q1], >0% to 25%; quartile 2 [Q2], >25% to 50%; quartile 3 [Q3], >50% to 75%; and quartile 4 [Q4], >75%) and were compared with those patients with no tumor reduction (NTR). The primary objective was to evaluate the association between DpR and overall survival (OS).ResultsOf the 1052 patients enrolled in the CA031 trial, 959 (91%) were evaluable, and they included 365 (38.1%) who were classified as Q1, 327 (34.1%) who were classified as Q2, 131 (13.7%) who were classified as Q3, and 34 (3.5%) who were classified as Q4; 102 had NTR (10.6%). The median OS values for patients in the NTR, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups were 4.8, 10.4, 14.5, 19.3, and 23.5 months, respectively. The maximum DpR on treatment was an independent predictor of improved OS in comparison with patients with NTR; the hazard ratio decreased from 0.43 in Q1 to 0.16 in Q4.ConclusionsDpR was strongly associated with OS in patients with NSCLC receiving first‐line platinum‐based therapy. Additional studies may help to define the role of DpR in solid tumors.
Size‐Dependent Activity of Iron‐Nickel Oxynitride towards Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Xiong Jun , Di Jun , Yan Cheng , Xu Manzhang , Yu Jinli , Zhu Wenshuai , Li Huaming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe exploration of efficient nonprecious metal‐based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is of great significance. Herein, both size‐ and component‐tuned FeNi oxynitride are prepared and employed for electrocatalytic water oxidation. Combining the excellent metal‐like feature of induced OER activity of nitrides and oxidation resistance performance of oxides, the obtained FeNi oxynitride delivers an outstanding OER performance. The synergistic interplay between Fe, Ni components creates a favorable local coordination environment for OER and decreased sizes enables more active sites exposure. As a result, under 1 M KOH, the optimized material displays highly efficient electrocatalytic OER performance with low overpotential 295 mV (10 mA cm−2 catalytic current density) and considerable durability. These findings open up opportunities to explore other excellent catalysts through multicomponent strong interactions coupled with size control.
The role of glacial‐interglacial climate change in shaping the genetic structure of eastern subterranean termites in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA
Authors: Hyseni Chaz , Garrick Ryan C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, currently inhabits previously glaciated regions of the northeastern U.S., as well as the unglaciated southern Appalachian Mountains and surrounding areas. We hypothesized that Pleistocene climatic fluctuations have influenced the distribution of R. flavipes, and thus the evolutionary history of the species. We estimated contemporary and historical geographic distributions of R. flavipes by constructing Species Distribution Models (SDM). We also inferred the evolutionary and demographic history of the species using mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I and II) and nuclear (endo‐beta‐1,4‐glucanase) DNA sequence data. To do this, genetic populations were delineated using Bayesian spatial‐genetic clustering, competing hypotheses about population divergence were assessed using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), and changes in population size were estimated using Bayesian skyline plots. SDMs identified areas in the north with suitable habitat during the transition from the Last Interglacial to the Last Glacial Maximum, as well as an expanding distribution from the mid‐Holocene to the present. Genetic analyses identified three geographically cohesive populations, corresponding with northern, central, and southern portions of the study region. Based on ABC analyses, divergence between the Northern and Southern populations was the oldest, estimated to have occurred 64.80 thousand years ago (kya), which corresponds with the timing of available habitat in the north. The Central and Northern populations diverged in the mid‐Holocene, 8.63 kya, after which the Central population continued to expand. Accordingly, phylogeographic patterns of R. flavipes in the southern Appalachians appear to have been strongly influenced by glacial‐interglacial climate change.OPEN RESEARCH BADGES

This article has been awarded Open Materials, Open Data Badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5hr7f31.
Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is common in tropical lowland habitats: Implications for amphibian conservation
Authors: Zumbado‐Ulate Héctor , García‐Rodríguez Adrián , Vredenburg Vance T. , Searle Catherine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNumerous species of amphibians declined in Central America during the 1980s and 1990s. These declines mostly affected highland stream amphibians and have been primarily linked to chytridiomycosis, a deadly disease caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Since then, the majority of field studies on Bd in the Tropics have been conducted in midland and highland environments (>800 m) mainly because the environmental conditions of mountain ranges match the range of ideal abiotic conditions for Bd in the laboratory. This unbalanced sampling has led researchers to largely overlook host–pathogen dynamics in lowlands, where other amphibian species declined during the same period. We conducted a survey testing for Bd in 47 species (n = 348) in four lowland sites in Costa Rica to identify local host–pathogen dynamics and to describe the abiotic environment of these sites. We detected Bd in three sampling sites and 70% of the surveyed species. We found evidence that lowland study sites exhibit enzootic dynamics with low infection intensity and moderate to high prevalence (55% overall prevalence). Additionally, we found evidence that every study site represents an independent climatic zone, where local climatic differences may explain variations in Bd disease dynamics. We recommend more detection surveys across lowlands and other sites that have been historically considered unsuitable for Bd occurrence. These data can be used to identify sites for potential disease outbreaks and amphibian rediscoveries.
Spatial capture–recapture for categorically marked populations with an application to genetic capture–recapture
Authors: Augustine Ben C. , Royle J. Andrew , Murphy Sean M. , Chandler Richard B. , Cox John J. , Kelly Marcella J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecently introduced unmarked spatial capture–recapture (SCR), spatial mark–resight (SMR), and 2‐flank spatial partial identity models (SPIMs) extend the domain of SCR to populations or observation systems that do not always allow for individual identity to be determined with certainty. For example, some species do not have natural marks that can reliably produce individual identities from photographs, and some methods of observation produce partial identity samples as is the case with remote cameras that sometimes produce single‐flank photographs. Unmarked SCR, SMR, and SPIM share the feature that they probabilistically resolve the uncertainty in individual identity using the spatial location where samples were collected. Spatial location is informative of individual identity in spatially structured populations because a sample is more likely to have been produced by an individual living near the trap where it was recorded than an individual living further away from the trap. Further, the level of information about individual identity that a spatial location contains is related to two key ecological concepts, population density and home range size, which we quantify using a proposed Identity Diversity Index (IDI). We show that latent and partial identity SCR models produce imprecise and biased density estimates in many high IDI scenarios when data are sparse. We then extend the unmarked SCR model to incorporate categorical, partially identifying covariates, which reduce the level of uncertainty in individual identity, increasing the reliability and precision of density estimates, and allowing reliable density estimation in scenarios with higher IDI values and with more sparse data. We illustrate the performance of this “categorical SPIM” via simulations and by applying it to a black bear data set using microsatellite loci as categorical covariates, where we reproduce the full data set estimates with only slightly less precision using fewer loci than necessary for confident individual identification. We then discuss how the categorical SPIM can be applied to other wildlife sampling scenarios such as remote camera surveys, where natural or researcher‐applied partial marks can be observed in photographs. Finally, we discuss how the categorical SPIM can be added to SMR, 2‐flank SPIM, or other latent identity SCR models.
Meta‐ecosystem processes alter ecosystem function and can promote herbivore‐mediated coexistence
Authors: Marleau Justin N. , Guichard Frederic 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerbivory and dispersal play roles in the coexistence of primary producers with shared resource limitation by imposing trade–offs either through apparent competition or dispersal limitation. These mechanisms of coexistence can further interact with meta‐ecosystem effects, which results in spatial heterogeneity through the movement of herbivores and nutrients. Here, we investigate how herbivores influence autotroph coexistence through a meta‐ecosystem effect, and how this effect couples mechanisms of coexistence to ecosystem structure and functioning. We articulate this framework through a parameterized one resource‐k producer–one herbivore meta‐ecosystem model. The results show that herbivore movement with nutrient recycling can generate spatial heterogeneity to allow coexistence where the well‐mixed system predicts competitive exclusion. Furthermore, the presence of movement alters local and regional ecosystem functioning even when coexistence would occur without movement. These results highlight how meta‐ecosystem theory can provide a mechanistic context for the observed complexity of biodiversity‐ecosystem function relationships.
Multi‐objective PMU placement optimization considering the placement cost including the current channel allocation and state estimation accuracy
Authors: Matsukawa Yoshiaki , Watanabe Masayuki , Mitani Yasunori , Othman Mohammad Lutfi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe optimal phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement problem in power systems has been considered and investigated by many researchers for accurate and fast state estimation by PMUs. However, the current channel cost of the PMU affects the total placement cost. This paper proposes a novel formulation in the multi‐objective optimal PMU placement, which minimizes the PMU placement cost with the current channel selection and the state estimation error. The current channel selection is represented as a decision variable in the optimization. For trade‐off objective functions, the Pareto approach by nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II) is applied in the optimization. The result of the numerical experiment in this paper demonstrates the advantage of considering the appropriate PMU current channel allocation, compared with the conventional method that ignores it, in the modified IEEE New England 39‐bus test system. As a result, the proposed method obtained a better Pareto solution compared with the conventional one because of the consideration for the current channel selection. An advantage of the proposed PMU placement is that it is able to reduce the total PMU placement cost while maintaining the state estimation accuracy.
Measurement Method Has a Larger Impact Than Spatial Scale For Plot‐Scale Field‐Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (Kfs) After Wildfire and Prescribed Fire in Forests
Authors: Ebel Brian A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWildfires raise risks of floods, debris flows, major geomorphologic and sedimentologic change, and water quality and quantity shifts. A principal control on the magnitude of these changes is field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs), which dictates surface runoff generation and is a key input into numerical models. This work synthesizes 73 Kfs datasets from the literature in the first year following fire at the plot scale (≤ 10 m2). A meta‐analysis using a random effects analysis showed significant differences between burned and unburned Kfs. The reductions in Kfs after fire, expressed by the ratio of Kfs Burned/Kfs Unburned, were 0.46 (95% confidence interval of 0.31‐0.70) combining wildfire and prescribed fire and 0.3 (95% confidence interval of 0.13‐0.71) for wildfire. No significant differences for Kfs were observed between wildfire and prescribed fire or moderate and high fire severity. Both Kfs magnitude and variability depended more on measurement method than measurement support area at the plot scale, with methods applying head ≥0.5 cm producing larger estimates of Kfs. It is recommended that post‐fire efforts to characterize Kfs for modeling or process‐based interpretations use methods that reflect the dominant infiltration processes: tension infiltrometers and simulated rainfall methods when soil matrix flow dominates and ponded head methods when macropore flow is critical. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Selenium and Mercury in Freshwater Fish Muscle Tissue and Otoliths: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Reash Robin J. , Friedrich Lisa A. , Bock Michael J. , Halden Norman M. , Palace Vince P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Evaluating potential ecological and human health risks of exposure to bioaccumulative trace elements is typically implemented using analysis of tissue samples. Increasingly, the microchemistry of fish calcified structures is used to elucidate the lifetime exposure to trace elements. In the present study, we measured total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), and selenium (Se) in muscle tissue and otolith samples from 12 species of fish collected at reference sites and locations influenced by power plant wastewater. Muscle tissue concentrations of Se were sensitive to recent wastewater exposure magnitude, stream type, trophic level, and species (p &lt; 0.001). For Hg, concentrations in muscle tissue and otoliths were affected only by trophic level and species. Levels of THg and Se in muscle tissue and otolith samples were positively correlated for those species with a robust sample size. Some individual fish from 3 species (channel catfish, hybrid striped bass, and freshwater drum) showed significantly increasing or decreasing lifetime concentrations of either THg or Se in otolith samples. Multiple regression analysis indicated that for bluegill muscle tissue Se concentrations could be best explained utilizing water concentrations of selenium, sulfate, and molybdenum (r2 = 0.87; p &lt; 0.001). Because of the increased cost and specialized sample processing requirements of analyzing trace elements in otolith structures, it may be prudent to limit these analyses to those species where insights into temporal trends are sought or where evidence indicates that fish move into or out of contaminated water bodies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1467–1475. © 2019 SETAC
Arginine improves the color stability of hemoglobin powder during freeze‐drying and storage
Authors: Hou Chengli , Song Xuan , Li Zheng , Wang Wenting , Shen Qingwu , Zhang Dequan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo increase the color stability of hemoglobin (Hb) powder, the technological conditions for arginine–hemoglobin (Arg‐Hb) powder preparation were optimized by response surface methodology and the influence of arginine (Arg) on the color stability of Hb powder was evaluated. Results showed that: (a) Arg‐Hb powder had better colors (less MetHb% and higher a* value) than Hb powder (p < 0.05); (b) using MetHb% as an indicator, the optimal conditions to prepare Arg stabilized Hb were Arg concentration of 10.5 mg/ml Hb extract, reaction pH of 10.75, and reaction temperature of 18°C; (c) pH and NaCl had a significant influence on the color stability of Hb (p < 0.05). At various NaCl concentrations and pH conditions, Arg‐Hb solution showed better color than Hb (p < 0.05); (d) Arg‐Hb powder had higher a* values and higher percentages of deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin but lower MetHb% than Hb powder during storage (p < 0.05).
Differential regional decline in dopamine receptor availability across adulthood: Linear and nonlinear effects of age
Authors: Seaman Kendra L. , Smith Christopher T. , Juarez Eric J. , Dang Linh C. , Castrellon Jaime J. , Burgess Leah L. , San Juan M. Danica , Kundzicz Paul M. , Cowan Ronald L. , Zald David H. , Samanez‐Larkin Gregory R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTheories of adult brain development, based on neuropsychological test results and structural neuroimaging, suggest differential rates of age‐related change in function across cortical and subcortical sub‐regions. However, it remains unclear if these trends also extend to the aging dopamine system. Here we examined cross‐sectional adult age differences in estimates of D2‐like receptor binding potential across several cortical and subcortical brain regions using PET imaging and the radiotracer [18F]Fallypride in two samples of healthy human adults (combined N = 132). After accounting for regional differences in overall radioligand binding, estimated percent difference in receptor binding potential by decade (linear effects) were highest in most temporal and frontal cortical regions (~6–16% per decade), moderate in parahippocampal gyrus, pregenual frontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, caudate, putamen, thalamus, and amygdala (~3–5%), and weakest in subcallosal frontal cortex, ventral striatum, pallidum, and hippocampus (~0–2%). Some regions showed linear effects of age while many showed curvilinear effects such that binding potential declined from young adulthood to middle age and then was relatively stable until old age. Overall, these data indicate that the rate and pattern of decline in D2 receptor availability is regionally heterogeneous. However, the differences across regions were challenging to organize within existing theories of brain development and did not show the same pattern of regional change that has been observed in gray matter volume, white matter integrity, or cognitive performance. This variation suggests that existing theories of adult brain development may need to be modified to better account for the spatial dynamics of dopaminergic system aging.