bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of Friction Mechanism in Silica and Carbon Black Filled SBR: (3) Friction of Carbon Black and Silica Filled SBR Blends
Authors: Amino N. , Uchiyama Y. , Iwai T. , Maeda M. 
Published: September 2018

Tire tread compounds usually consist of polymer blends. In this paper the friction for immiscible SBR blends which consist of two different SBRs having different glass transition temperatures of −51 °C and −6 °C are investigated. The effects of the blend ratio of these two SBRs and the added fillers such as carbon black and silica on the friction are also investigated. The friction forces are measured when rubber specimens are rubbed against dry or wet metal gauze. The friction force-sliding speed curves for the SBR blends are related to their storage modulus E′, loss tangent tan δ, contact area A and shear strength s. The adhesion component of the friction for each SPR blend shows a peak at the sliding speed range examined. As the blend ratio of the SBR having higher Tg of −6 °C is raised, the peak value is lowered and the peak shifts to lower sliding speed. The adhesion component of the friction for silica-filled SBR blends is higher than that of carbon black-filled SBR blends. These trends are also shown when rubber specimens are rubbed against the wet metal gauze. On the other hand, the hysteresis component of friction is raised when the blend ratio of the SBRs having higher Tg is increased.
A Case Report of Anticoagulation Management in Acquired Hemophilia Associated With Levofloxacin
Authors: Mor Lori T. , Holley Kristina 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: To report a case of acquired hemophilia secondary to levofloxacin and provide a guide for the use of anticoagulation in acute coronary syndrome. Case Summary: A 75-year-old female treated with levofloxacin presented with spontaneous bruising of the upper extremities. Levofloxacin was discontinued and the symptoms resolved. Thereafter, the spontaneous bruising recurred and progressed over a few weeks. The patient was treated with recombinant factor VIIA with a time to recuperation of 3 months. The patient was subsequently found to have ST-segment elevation for which they received unfractionated heparin, ticagrelor, and aspirin prior to bare metal stent placement. Conclusion: Hemophilia A is a rare disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Case studies previously evaluating the association of levofloxacin with acquired hemophilia have shown causality. Initiating anticoagulation in patients with acquired hemophilia has long been a challenge to clinicians as evidence-based guidelines are lacking and bleeding risk may outweigh the benefit of anticoagulation. Furthermore, factor VIII deficiency does not provide additive protection against atherosclerotic plaque formation. This case report supports existing literature associating levofloxacin with acquired hemophilia. Due to the complication of life-threatening bleeds, familiarity with the treatment course following coronary events will allow patients with acquired hemophilia to be adequately and safely anticoagulated.
Heat Stability and Degradation of Thermostable Prepolymers in a Controlled Atmosphere
Authors: Richer S. , Alamercery S. , Paisse O. , Raffin G. , Sanglar C. , Waton H. , Grenier-Loustalot M.F. 
Published: September 2018

The liquid study of propargylic monomers during heat treatment has shown the formation of secondary phenolic products in the reaction mixture. They are in the form of propargyl-phenol and chromene-phenol and could be the weak links in the thermal properties of the final polymer. Moreover, we note some differences between the reactivities of the two monomers, probably related to the nature of the central pivot of the skeleton. Solid state analyses by FTIR and solid state crossed polarization magic angle spinning 13C NMR have confirmed the structure of the final polymer, and the reaction paths proposed and have enabled the heat cycle used to be validated. Thermal analyses have shown that the fluorine pivot confers the best thermal properties on the crosslinked material and influences the reactivity and degradation mechanisms of the compounds. In addition, the degradation of the crosslinked compounds occurred as a single step for the dipropargyl ether of bisphenol A and as two steps for the dipropargyl ether of hexafluorobisphenol A.
Synthesis, Mechanisms and Kinetics of Formation of Bi-Component Polyurethanes
Authors: Ketata N. , Sanglar C. , Waton H. , Alamercery S. , Delolme F. , Paisse O. , Raffin G. , Grenier-Loustalot M.F. 
Published: September 2018

In order to understand the single-step molten state reactivities of a diaromatic isocyanate (4,4’ dPDhenylmethane diisocyanate MDI), the mechanisms and reaction kinetics were modelled using a monofunctional aromatic isocyanate (para-tolyisocyanate p-TI) and hydroxytelechelic polyols (polyethylene glycol PEG) (polypropylene glycol PPG) with variable macromolecular chains and structure (from 200 to 2000 g.mol-1). The molar ratio of reactive functions NCO/OH was set at 1.1. We were able to characterise the bi-component polyurethanes synthesised and identify side products formed (urea, trimer, allophanate…). The results were obtained by the use of a panoply of classical analytical techniques (NMR, FTIR, HPLC/UV/MS, ESI/MS, DSC) or those more recent in the field of synthetic polymers (MALDI-TOF). This work shows the necessity of using several efficient and complementary techniques in order to understand the molten state reaction mechanisms and kinetics of these complex PU systems.
Composite from Wood Fibres Bonded with Renewable Wood Resin
Authors: Ghosh Arun , Sain Mohoni 
Published: September 2018

This paper shows the efficiency of a renewable wood resin as a binder for wood fibres in the manufacture of environmentally friendly fibreboard composites. The wood resin was nevertheless partially replaced by urea formaldehyde (UF) resin to make fibreboards more economical and performance-driven. The results demonstrate that nearly all the mechanical properties of the fibreboards were above the minimum requirements specified in the ANSI-AHA standard. The mechanical properties of wood resin bonded fibreboard were inferior to those of the UF resin bonded equivalents. The horizontal density profiles of the composites revealed that the wood resin distribution in the wood fibres could be optimised in presence of liquid UF resin. Wood resin bonded fibreboard showed a lower rate of formaldehyde emission than UF resin bonded fibreboard. The curing conditions were also optimised to achieve improved mechanical performance and dimensional stability for the composite fibreboards.
Mechanical and Surface Properties of E-beam Irradiated Polytetrafluoroethylene-Silicone Rubber Composites
Authors: Dadbin Susan , Kashcooli Yaser , Frounchi Masoud 
Published: September 2018

Compounding electron beam irradiated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon) powder with silicone rubber produced silicone rubber/PTFE composites with desired physical properties. PTFE powder was exposed to electron beam irradiation at various doses and characterized by FTIR, DSC and contact angle measurements. Irradiation of PTFE with high energy electron beam induced chain scission reactions. Irradiated PTFE showed higher degree of crystallization and lower melting point with increasing absorbed dose. Number average molecular weight of irradiated PTFE was reduced significantly at higher absorbed doses. Formation of polar groups on the surface of irradiated PTFE powder was detected by FTIR spectroscopy. The latter was also verified by measurements of water-drop contact angle, which decreased with increasing absorbed dose. Mechanical and surface properties of the composites of silicone rubber and PTFE were characterized by tensile strength, abrasion resistance and water drop contact angle measurements. All the composites containing 5–15 phr PTFE showed higher tensile strength compared to the silicone rubber. Irradiation of PTFE powder had a significant effect on improving the abrasion resistance of the silicone rubber upon addition of only 5 phr irradiated PTFE. Similar abrasion resistance was obtained with the addition of higher amounts of non-irradiated PTFE (15 phr). Water drop contact angle of the composites decreased slightly with increasing the absorbed dose of PTFE.
Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of New Concept for Build-Up of Local Load Specific Reinforced Hybrid Structures
Authors: Holschuh Renέ , Becker David , Mitschang Peter 
Published: September 2018

This article describes a new process approach, based on a combination of thermoforming and in-situ tape placement for the build-up of locally load-related, reinforced multi-material-systems based on polymer-polymer-hybrids. The process is evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art technologies. A techno-economic analysis is presented for a case study, considering the cost-efficiency throughout the complete development in a process-based and stepwise differentiation approach. Compared to other competing concepts the novel concept offers the potential for reducing the unit costs at large-scale production scenarios.
Polymer Sheet Hot Incremental Forming - an Innovative Polymer Forming Approach
Authors: Sridhar R. , Rajenthirakumar D. 
Published: September 2018

Polymers are currently used as raw materials in automobile and house hold applications. Particularly in automobile parts polymers having significant percentage, because of its strength to weight ratio. But their conventional processing of heating- melting -injecting and solidifying process cycle is mainly suitable for high volume mass production1. Increasing demands for the products with low volume, best quality, less production lead time are impart the need for a new polymer processing method. This can be capable of fulfilling the current industrial requirement of agile manufacturing processing methods with short span for life cycle of parts and short design to production lead time. This paper is mainly focused on problems in conventional polymer processing and proves the opportunity to use single point incremental forming technology which is currently used for sheet metal forming applications. This method reduces and eliminates capital investment on special dies and tools. It is a highly flexible forming process and is enabled with the help of computer numerical control (CNC) technology2. In this work, a novel process namely hot incremental polymer forming (HIPF) is developed. In this process the material is heated with the help of heating element up to the required temperature and the hemispherical tool moves over the hot sheet, the tool path is controlled by CNC technology. This innovative process starts with development of low cost fixture and spherical tool, heating coil, temperature measurement device, feedback element and temperature controller. A truncated hexagonal pyramid shape is used to study the process capability regarding the geometrical accuracy and sheet thinning of the produced part. Results show that this method capable of forming polymer sheet parts at elevated temperature with good dimensional accuracy and better formability.
Effect of Processing Conditions on the Degradation and on the Recycling of Polycarbonate
Authors: La Mantia F.P. , Correnti A. 
Published: September 2018

Polycarbonate, like other polycondensation polymers, can be easily recycled without significant loss of properties only with careful drying. Indeed, the presence of humidity strongly decreases the molecular weight of the polymer by hydrolytic chain scission. In this paper, the degradation and the recycling of an extrusion grade polycarbonate sample has been investigated considering mainly the effect of the humidity. Some degradation is observed also for the material reprocessed in dry conditions and due to the thermomechanical stress acting on the melt. The chain scission is strongly reduced if the processing is carried out under nitrogen flow. In these conditions less degradation effects are also observed for the dry material. Similar results are obtained in extrusion steps if the extrusion is carried out with degassing.
Do States Circumvent Constitutional Supermajority Voting Requirements to
Raise Taxes?
Authors: Lee Soomi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
To constrain legislative taxing power, 16 U.S. state constitutions
require a supermajority in both chambers to increase or impose taxes. Both
supporters and opponents of the requirement argue that its effect fades away
because states circumvent it in various ways, especially by raising fees
that are not subject to the requirement. Existing literature, however,
offers little and inconsistent evidence on whether the effect decays over
time and whether the decay results from fee hikes. This article documents
legal cases to show the ways in which states have responded to the
requirement, estimates whether the effects of the requirement decay over
time, and tests whether states raise fees instead of taxes after adopting
such a requirement. Using state-level panel data, I find that the initial
effectiveness of the requirement on tax burden does decay approximately a
decade after enactment and that the decay is not the result of fee
increases.
The role of golimumab in inflammatory arthritis. A review of the evidence
Authors: Tahir Zunera , Kavanaugh Arthur 
Published: September 2018

Background: Golimumab (GOL) is a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor that is used for various types of inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This article is a systematic review of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of golimumab in inflammatory arthritides, specifically RA, PsA and AS. Methods: We conducted a search of randomized controlled trails in MEDLINE [PubMed], CENTRAL, Embase, and Current Controlled Trials databases (ClinicalTrials.gov) through 2017 for studies that evaluated golimumab in inflammatory arthritides. We focused on pivotal, phase III trials for this review of the safety and efficacy of the drug. However, as some important information is not available in detail in publications from the phase III studies, additional individual studies pertaining to antidrug antibodies were also included. Results: A total of 12, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were included in this review of literature. Two trials focused on the GOL response in the PsA population, four trials focused on the GOL response in the AS population, and five trials focused on the GOL response in the RA population. Additional studies that evaluated autodrug antibodies produced in patients using GOL were also included. Conclusion: Golimumab was found to be clinically effective and also have a good safety profile in the treatment of RA, PsA, and AS based on data available from large studies.
The Spectrum of Hazing and Peer Sexual Abuse in Sports: A Current Perspective
Authors: Jeckell Aaron Slone , Copenhaver Elizabeth Anne , Diamond Alex Benjamin 
Published: September 2018

Context: Hazing and peer sexual abuse in sport are a critical issue, brought into public scrutiny with increasing frequency due to various forms of media, resulting in major causes of numerous avoidable mental health issues, and in some cases, even death. While the exact incidence of these activities is extremely difficult to quantify, trends indicate that the problem is very likely underreported. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed, Google, various legal journals/statutes, books on hazing and peer abuse in sport, and newspaper periodicals/editorials were all searched. Sources range in date from 1968 through 2018. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: Hazing and peer sexual abuse are complex issues that have the potential to lead to physical, emotional, and mental harm. The underlying causes of hazing are complex but rooted in maintaining a hierarchical structure within the team unit. By implementing various changes and strategies, coaches and team administration can mitigate the risks of these behaviors. Conclusion: Hazing and peer sexual abuse in sport are avoidable and must be eliminated to maximize the numerous physical and psychosocial benefits attainable by participating in team athletics.
Bridging the gap: A user-driven study on new ways to support self-care and empowerment for patients with hip fracture
Authors: Jensen Charlotte Myhre , Overgaard Soren , Wiil Uffe Kock , Smith Anthony C , Clemensen Jane 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: In future healthcare systems, individuals are expected to be more involved in managing their health and preventing illness. A previous study of patient empowerment on a hip fracture pathway uncovered a gap between what the healthcare system provided and patients’ needs and wishes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a user-driven approach and a participatory design could provide a solution that would bridge this gap. Methods: Four workshops and a laboratory test were conducted with healthcare professionals to co-create a final prototype. This was performed in iterative processes through continuous interviews and face-to-face evaluation with patients, together with field studies in patients’ homes, to maintain relevance to end-users, that is, patients and healthcare professionals. The data were analysed according to the plan, act, observe and reflect methodology of iterative processes in participatory design. Results: Our results contribute to a key research area within patient involvement. By using participatory design, patients and healthcare professionals gained a mutual understanding and collaborated to create a technological solution that would encompass needs and wishes. Patient empowerment also involved giving healthcare professionals a means of empowerment, by providing them with a platform to support patient education. We found that one solution to bridging the aforementioned gap could be an app, including a range of educational features that would accommodate different learning styles. Conclusion: In developing a technological solution, user involvement in a participatory design ensures usability and inclusion of the requested functionalities. This can help bridge the gap between what the healthcare system provided and patients’ needs and wishes and support patients’ individual empowerment needs and self-care capacity. Together with the tools and techniques, the setting in which PD unfolds should be thoughtfully planned.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in sexual partners of H. pylori‐infected subjects: Role of gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Sgambato Dolores , Visciola Giulio , Ferrante Emanuele , Miranda Agnese , Romano Lorenzo , Tuccillo Concetta , Manguso Francesco , Romano Marco 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori is transmitted through faecal‐oral or oral‐oral routes. Whether H. pylori infection is more prevalent in sexual partners of H. pylori‐infected subjects is unclear.ObjectiveWe evaluated 1) the prevalence of H. pylori infection in sexual partners of H. pylori‐infected subjects; and 2) whether presence of gastroesophageal reflux in H. pylori‐infected subjects was associated with transmission of infection to their sexual partners.MethodsWe evaluated H. pylori infection by 13C Urea Breath Test in sexual partners of 161 consecutive patients with H. pylori‐related dyspepsia. The case‐control group consisted of 161 dyspeptic subjects undergoing the 13C Urea Breath Test. The prevalence of reflux symptoms was noted through the Leeds scale. The role of gastroesophageal reflux in transmission of H. pylori infection was evaluated by binary logistic regression. A two‐tailed p value of 0.05 or less was considered significant.ResultsPrevalence of H. pylori infection in sexual partners of H. pylori‐infected subjects is 74.5% whereas prevalence of H. pylori infection in the control group is 32.3%, p<0.05. At the logistic regression analysis, the presence of reflux symptoms in H. pylori‐infected subjects is independently associated with concomitant infection in both members of the couple (odds ratio 4.41, 95% confidence interval 1.6–12.3) and with length of cohabitation (odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.0–5.7).ConclusionsThe prevalence of H. pylori infection is significantly higher in sexual partners of H. pylori‐infected subjects than in controls. Members of a couple are four times more likely to be both H. pylori infected if one of the couple has reflux symptoms.
Treatment of Axis Ring Fractures: Recommendations of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU)
Authors: Scholz Matti , Kandziora Frank , Kobbe Philipp , Matschke S. , Schleicher Philipp , Josten Christoph ,   the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma
Published: September 2018

Study Design: Narrative literature review and expert recommendation. Objective: To establish treatment recommendations for axis ring fractures based on the knowledge of the experts of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma. Methods: This recommendation summarizes the knowledge of the experts of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma with regard to the treatment of axis ring fractures based on a narrative literature review. Results: Typical “hangman’s fractures” with bilateral separation of the neural arch from C2 and atypical “hangman’s fractures” with irregular fracture morphology are described. Computed tomography is the “gold” standard used to detect and analyse these fractures adequately. Furthermore, the detection of vertebral artery integrity is necessary. To classify axis ring fractures, the Levine-Edwards or Josten classification is recommended. In particular, the integrity of the C2/3 disc and the integrity of the anterior longitudinal ligament are used to determine the treatment strategy. While Levine-Edwards type I and type IIA (Josten type 1 and 2) fractures should be treated conservatively, Levine type II and type III (Josten type 3 and 4) fractures should be treated operatively. Levine-Edwards type II fractures will be predominately treated by anterior C2/3 fusion. Levine-Edwards type III fractures have to be primary reduced, if an anterior fusion is planned (anterior cervical discectomy and fusion [ACDF] C2/3). If a closed reduction of a type III fracture is impossible, an open reduction and posterior fixation/fusion is the treatment of choice. Conclusion: Conservative treatment is predominantly reserved for Levine-Edwards I and IIA fractures. Operative treatment should be performed in case of Levine-Edwards II and III fractures.
Dry Catheter Technique in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Gendelberg David , Hassenbein Susan , Kim H. Mike , Adhikary Sanjib , Armstrong April 
Published: September 2018

Introduction Interscalene regional anesthesia is effective for pain management but is not without complications. To determine whether postoperative neurologic findings were related to the surgery versus the regional catheter, we developed the dry catheter technique where patients could be examined after the surgery prior to dosing the catheter. The purpose of the study was to assess the utility of the dry catheter block in recognizing neurological deficits associated with regional anesthesia. Methods An interscalene catheter was placed but not started. After the surgery, a neurovascular examination was performed. If the examination was normal, the regional anesthesia was started. Throughout the patient’s hospitalization, pain levels were collected. Results A total of 125 shoulders were studied. There were 9 postoperative nerve-related complications. The patients experienced the most pain relief in the first 12 hours. Conclusion The dry catheter technique allows differentiation between complications associated with regional anesthesia versus those associated with the surgery. Although interscalene anesthesia provided effective pain control, we stopped using it because we felt its complication rate was too high.