bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brexit and Fisheries: Fish and Chips Aplenty?
Authors: Billiet Stijn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhen discussing Brexit and food, fisheries take a special place: first, because the fisheries sector punched far above its (economic) weight in the campaign leading up to the Brexit referendum; second, because of the promise of a bright future for the fishing industry—both by politicians promising to ‘take back control of our waters’ as well as by industry representatives auguring a ‘sea of opportunities’ for fishermen. As it is still far too soon to assess fully the effects of Brexit for the fishing industry and the market for fisheries products, this paper takes a step back and analyses the context within which the changes brought about by Brexit will be taking place. It analyses the complexity of the post‐Brexit fisheries context and its possible repercussions for food policy and the seafood sector. One of the central questions is whether Brexit could contribute to reviving the fisheries industry and enhancing food security in the UK. To explore this further, two other questions present themselves: when is fish UK fish? And what do UK consumers want? Finally, the paper looks at the structure of employment in the seafood industry and how that may present policy makers with difficult decisions. The paper concludes that the picture when it comes to the effect of Brexit on fisheries policy is expected to be mixed, and that both the potential benefits and costs of Brexit are likely to be unevenly distributed within the fisheries sector.
Discursive Exit
Authors: Montanaro Laura 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSome women did not participate in the Women's March, rejecting its claims of unity and solidarity because white women mobilize only in their self‐interest. This is a form of exit with three features: (1) rejecting a political claim; (2) providing reasons to the power wielder and the broader public; and (3) demanding accountability both as sanction and as deliberation, which requires a discussion about the claim—in this case, the meaning of the group and the terms on which it understands itself. This combination of exit, voice, and deliberative accountability might accurately be called “discursive exit.” Discursive exit addresses conceptual and normative limitations of standard accounts of exit, voice, and loyalty, in particular, when exit and voice are imperfect—because exit can be seen as disapproval of an entire cause—and morally problematic—because voice “from within” implies that cause trumps disagreement, leaving people morally complicit in an unwelcome exercise of power.
Alien Citizens and the Canonical Immigrant: Do Stigmatized Attributes Affect Latina/o Judgment about Discrimination?
Authors: Jones Bradford , Victor Kristina Flores , Vannette David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNegative elite and news media attention to Latino‐relevant issues, particularly undocumented immigration, has dramatically increased in recent years, potentially stigmatizing attributes of Latinos such as immigration status and language use. Concomitantly, immigration policy changes were leading to widespread arrests and deportation of many Latinos. Herein, we ask two questions: First, to what extent do Latinos perceive and experience discrimination? Second, to what extent do immigration status, generational status, and language use moderate beliefs about discrimination? Using Pew National Survey of Latinos data, we find that Latino beliefs about the problem of discrimination is a decreasing function of “proximity” to the “canonical immigrant”—defined here as first‐generation immigrants who are Spanish‐language dominant. Further, we demonstrate that reported rates of victimization due to discrimination exhibit no clear pattern and are flat over time. We conclude by demonstrating that discrimination beliefs have significant implications for systemic trust, anxiety, and policy preferences.
Upper endoscopy for non‐acute non‐specific symptoms is seldom beneficial for children under the age of seven
Authors: Helin Noora , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Rintala Risto , Merras‐Salmio Laura 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThis study estimated the diagnostic yield of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) in young children with non‐acute, non‐specific gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms who were treated by a Finnish tertiary level referral centre.MethodsA retrospective chart analysis was performed on 1850 Finnish children under 7 years of age who underwent their first diagnostic OGDs at Helsinki University Hospital during 2006‐2016. We noted the endoscopy indications, macroscopic findings, the histology of the mucosal biopsies and the follow‐up data.ResultsAfter the exclusion criteria were applied, we enrolled 666 patients (57.7% boys) at a median age of 3.5 years. The number of children with non‐specific symptoms referred for OGD increased 2.3‐fold in 11 years. A routine set of biopsies was obtained in 644/666 (96.7%) of the endoscopies. The OGD was both macroscopically and histologically normal in 519/644 (80.6%) of cases. The most common indication was to rule out gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease in 268/666 (40.2%) cases, and the most frequent histological diagnosis was mild to moderate oesophagitis in 57/644 (8.9%) cases. There was no erosive oesophagitis.ConclusionThe diagnostic yield of macroscopic and histological OGD findings was low in our cohort. Unless there are alarming symptoms, younger children do not need OGD.
Cost‐effective mitigation strategies to reduce bycatch threats to cetaceans identified using return‐on‐investment analysis
Authors: Tulloch Vivitskaia , Grech Alana , Jonsen Ian , Pirotta Vanessa , Harcourt Rob 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlobally, fisheries bycatch threatens the survival of many whale and dolphin species. Strategies for reducing bycatch can be expensive. Management is inclined to prioritize investment in actions that are inexpensive, but these may not be the most effective. We used an economic tool, return‐on‐investment, to identify cost‐effective measures to reduce cetacean bycatch in the trawl, net, and line fisheries of Australia. We examined 3 management actions: spatial closures, acoustic deterrents, and gear modifications. We compared an approach for which the primary goal was to reduce the cost of bycatch reduction to fisheries with an approach that aims solely to protect whale and dolphin species. Based on cost‐effectiveness and at a fine spatial resolution, we identified the management strategies across Australia that most effectively abated dolphin and whale bycatch. Although trawl‐net modifications were the cheapest strategy overall, there were many locations where spatial closures were the most cost‐effective solution, despite their high costs to fisheries, due to their effectiveness in reducing all fisheries interactions. Our method can be used to delineate strategies to reduce bycatch threats to mobile marine species across diverse fisheries at relevant spatial scales to improve conservation outcomes.
Urban wild meat consumption and trade in central Amazonia
Authors: El Bizri Hani R. , Morcatty Thaís Q. , Valsecchi João , Mayor Pedro , Ribeiro Jéssica E. S. , Vasconcelos Neto Carlos F. A. , Oliveira Jéssica S. , Furtado Keilla M. , Ferreira Urânia C. , Miranda Carlos F. S. , Silva Ciclene H. , Lopes Valdinei L. , Lopes Gerson P. , Florindo Caio C. F. , Chagas Romerson C. , Nijman Vincent , Fa Julia E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe switch from hunting wild meat for home consumption to supplying more lucrative city markets in Amazonia can adversely affect some game species. Despite this, information on the amounts of wild meat eaten in Amazonian cities is still limited. We estimated wild meat consumption rates in 5 cities in the State of Amazonas in Brazil through 1046 door‐to‐door household interviews conducted from 2004 to 2012. With these data, we modeled the relationship between wild meat use and a selection of socioeconomic indices. We then scaled up our model to determine the amounts of wild meat likely to be consumed annually in the 62 urban centers in central Amazonia. A total of 80.3% of all interviewees reported consuming wild meat during an average of 29.3 (CI 11.6) days per year. Most wild meat was reported as bought in local markets (80.1%) or hunted by a family member (14.9%). Twenty‐one taxa were cited as consumed, mostly mammals (71.6%), followed by reptiles (23.2%) and then birds (5.2%). The declared frequency of wild meat consumption was positively correlated with the proportion of rural population as well as with the per capita gross domestic product of the municipality (administrative divisions) where the cities were seated. We estimated that as much as 10,691 t of wild meat might be consumed annually in the 62 urban centers within central Amazonia, the equivalent of 6.49 kg per person per year. In monetary terms, this amounts to US$21.72 per person per year or US$35.1 million overall, the latter figure is comparable to fish and timber production in the region. Given this magnitude of wild meat trade in central Amazonia, it is fundamental to integrate this activity into the formal economy and actively develop policies that allow the trade of more resilient taxa and restrict trade in species sensitive to hunting.
Communication in children born very preterm: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sanchez Katherine , Boyce Jessica O , Mei Cristina , St John Miya , Smith Jodie , Leembruggen Linda , Mills Stephanie , Spittle Alicia J , Morgan Angela T 
Published: September 2019

AimTo compare language, speech, and voice of children born preterm and at term, and determine relevant predictors of outcome.MethodThree hundred infants (150 males, 150 females; 149 born at <30wks’ gestation, 151 term‐born) were prospectively recruited at birth from the Royal Women's Hospital. We administered the Preschool Language Scales, Fifth Edition, Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology, Grade Roughness Breathiness Asthenia Strain Scale, and Pediatric Voice Handicap Index at 3 years, and compared groups. We examined hypothesized predictors in children born preterm: gestational age at birth, birthweight, sex, chronic lung disease, high social risk, multilingualism, neurodevelopmental diagnosis, and oromotor feeding.ResultsChildren born preterm had poorer language than children born at term (coefficient −5.43). Speech and voice were similar between groups (coefficients −0.70 to 1.63). Chronic lung disease predicted voice (coefficient 6.05); male sex (coefficients 4.54–6.18), high social risk (coefficient −6.02 to −9.30), and neurodevelopmental diagnosis (coefficients −16.42 to −20.61) predicted language.InterpretationChildren born before 30 weeks’ gestation had poorer language than children born at term. Children born preterm with neurodevelopmental disabilities or high social risk experience poorer language outcomes, and would benefit from enrichment of their language environment.What this paper adds

Speech and voice outcomes were similar between children born preterm and at term.

Male sex, high social risk, and neurodevelopmental diagnosis predicted language outcomes.
Seizure detection based on heart rate variability using a wearable electrocardiography device
Authors: Jeppesen Jesper , Fuglsang‐Frederiksen Anders , Johansen Peter , Christensen Jakob , Wüstenhagen Stephan , Tankisi Hatice , Qerama Erisela , Hess Alexander , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: September 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and accuracy of seizure detection based on heart rate variability (HRV) using a wearable electrocardiography (ECG) device. Noninvasive devices for detection of convulsive seizures (generalized tonic‐clonic and focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures) have been validated in phase 2 and 3 studies. However, detection of nonconvulsive seizures still needs further research, since currently available methods have either low sensitivity or an extremely high false alarm rate (FAR).MethodsIn this phase 2 study, we prospectively recruited patients admitted to long‐term video–EEG monitoring (LTM). ECG was recorded using a dedicated wearable device. Seizures were automatically detected using HRV parameters computed off‐line, blinded to all other data. We compared the performance of 26 automated algorithms with the seizure time‐points marked by experts who reviewed the LTM recording. Patients were classified as responders if >66% of their seizures were detected.ResultsWe recruited 100 consecutive patients and analyzed 126 seizures (108 nonconvulsive and 18 convulsive) from 43 patients who had seizures during monitoring. The best‐performing HRV algorithm combined a measure of sympathetic activity with a measure of how quickly HR changes occurred. The algorithm identified 53.5% of the patients with seizures as responders. Among responders, detection sensitivity was 93.1% (95% CI: 86.6%‐99.6%) for all seizures and 90.5% (95% CI: 77.4%‐97.3%) for nonconvulsive seizures. FAR was 1.0/24 h (0.11/night). Median seizure detection latency was 30 s. Typically, patients with prominent autonomic nervous system changes were responders: An ictal change of >50 heartbeats per minute predicted who would be responder with a positive predictive value of 87% and a negative predictive value of 90%.SignificanceThe automated HRV algorithm, using ECG recorded with a wearable device, has high sensitivity for detecting seizures, including the nonconvulsive ones. FAR was low during the night. This approach is feasible in patients with prominent ictal autonomic changes.
Do bankers on the board reduce crash risk?
Authors: Kang Min Jung , Kim Y. Han (Andy) , Liao Qunfeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCommercial banker‐directors (CBDs) bring both financial expertise in risk management and conflicts of interest between shareholders and debtholders. The burgeoning literature on stock price crash risk generates important questions of whether CBDs reduce crash risk. Using BoardEx data from 1999 to 2009, we find supporting evidence that the firms with CBDs experience lower stock price crash risk. Moreover, the reduction of crash risk is more pronounced for high‐risk firms under the monitoring of affiliated banker‐directors. The results of this study are robust to the Heckman selection model, propensity score matching, and alternative measures of crash risk.
Fatty acids and triacylglycerols in the seed oils of Saudi Arabian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) palms
Authors: Lieb Veronika M. , Kleiber Caroline , Metwali Ehab M.R. , Kadasa Naif M.S. , Almaghrabi Omar A. , Steingass Christof B. , Carle Reinhold 
Published: September 2019

SummaryTotal lipids, fatty acids and triacylglycerols in seeds of the four Saudi Arabian date cultivars ‘Anbra’, ‘Megadwel’, ‘Sacai’ and ‘Sfwai’ were analysed. Total lipid contents ranged between 7.3 and 8.6%. Oleic, lauric and myristic acid represented the most abundant fatty acids in date seed oil. HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MSn analysis enabled the identification of 40 triacylglycerols with equivalent carbon number (ECN) 36–54, of which 17 were detected for the first time. Triacylglycerols mainly comprised LaOL, LaLaL, LaML, MML/LaPL and LaOO. ‘Anbra’ oil was characterised by highest proportions of saturated fatty acids and triacylglycerols with ECN 36 and 48–54. Unsaturated fatty acids prevailed in the three remaining varieties. Elevated proportions of triacylglycerols with medium ECNs were found in ‘Megadwel’ and ‘Sfwai’ oils. Aside from highest total lipid contents, ‘Sacai’ seeds predominantly contained triacylglycerols with low ECNs. Multivariate statistical analyses elucidated varietal influences on the fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of date seed oil.
Cereal bars functionalised with tempeh: nutritional composition, isoflavone content and consumer acceptance
Authors: de Melo Priscila F. , Kalschne Daneysa L. , da Silva‐Buzanello Rosana A. , Amaral Joana S. , Torquato Alex S. , Corso Marinês P. , Falcão Heloisa G. , Colla Eliane , Ida Elza I. , Canan Cristiane 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to produce cereal bars (CB) added with tempeh flour (TF) and evaluate the nutritional composition, fatty acids profile, isoflavone content and sensory acceptance. Tempeh was produced from organic soya beans cotyledons fermented by Rhizophus oligosporus followed by freeze‐drying and milling in order to obtain the TF. The addition of 10%, 15% and 20% TF to CB resulted in both protein and lipid content increase and a higher polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio. The content of isoflavone aglycones, the forms considered to have higher biological activity, was higher in TF than in soya bean, which was also reflected in the CB chemical composition. An acceptance test showed that CB added with TF (up to 15%) were sensory accepted. Overall results suggest that the addition of TF as an ingredient in cereal bars allows improving the chemical and functional characteristics of this type of ready‐to‐eat foods.
Phytochemical profile of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. and Graminis rhizoma and its influence on the bioactivity and shelf life of industrially produced pâté
Authors: Ferysiuk Karolina , Wójciak Karolina M. , Materska Małgorzata 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe impact of the use of Silybum marianum and G. rhizoma plant powders on the nutritional value of cooked pâté was explored. Three concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%) for S. marianum and two (5% and 10%) for G. rhizoma were added. The phytochemical profile of plant extracts was analysed using HPLC. The pH value, water activity, TBARS, oxidation–reduction potential, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, instrumental colour and microbiology of cooked pâtés were determined after 1 and 21 days of storage. Basic chemical composition, dietary fibre, elemental and nitrites/nitrates content were determined, and sensory analysis was performed after product preparation. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of fortified patties strongly correlated with the lower level of ORP and TBARS values. The obtained results indicate that the addition of S. marianum at a concentration of 10% is most beneficial for sensory attributes, colour stabilisation and antioxidant capacity.
Fortification of carrot juice with a high‐pressure‐obtained pomegranate peel extract: chemical, safety and sensorial aspects
Authors: Trigo João P. , Alexandre Elisabete M. C. , Oliveira Ana , Saraiva Jorge A. , Pintado Manuela 
Published: September 2019

SummaryHigh‐pressure extraction was used to produce pomegranate peel extract, later incorporated in carrot juice. Chemical, microbiological and sensorial analyses were performed during storage to untreated, high‐pressure and thermally processed juices incorporating pomegranate peel extract. Fortified juices showed lower counts for mesophiles and psychrophiles than the nonfortified ones (P < 0.05). Total phenolic and hydrolysable tannin contents, and antioxidant activity had superior values in supplemented juices during storage. The extract did not affect any sensorial parameter. On the 28th day, pressurised juices exhibited lower microbial loads in comparison with heated process, but phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and several sensorial descriptors were identical between both processing technologies. The β‐ and α‐carotene content decreased after processing, and pressurised juices exhibited higher residual activity for peroxidase (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the application of pomegranate peel extract in treated carrot juices (2.5 mg mL−1) improves their microbial safety and antioxidant capacity, without impairing the sensorial aspects.
Impact of infection on transplantation tolerance
Authors: Yu Shuangjin , Su Chang , Luo Xunrong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAllograft tolerance is the ultimate goal of organ transplantation. Current strategies for tolerance induction mainly focus on inhibiting alloreactive T cells while promoting regulatory immune cells. Pathogenic infections may have direct impact on both effector and regulatory cell populations, therefore can alter host susceptibility to transplantation tolerance induction as well as impair the quality and stability of tolerance once induced. In this review, we will discuss existing data demonstrating the effect of infections on transplantation tolerance, with particular emphasis on the role of the stage of infection (acute, chronic, or latent) and the stage of tolerance (induction or maintenance) in this infection‐tolerance interaction. While the deleterious effect of acute infection on tolerance is mainly driven by proinflammatory cytokines induced shortly after the infection, chronic infection may generate exhausted T cells that could in fact facilitate transplantation tolerance. In addition to pathogenic infections, commensal intestinal microbiota also has numerous significant immunomodulatory effects that can shape the host alloimmunity following transplantation. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies for robustly inducing and stably maintaining transplantation tolerance while preserving host anti‐pathogen immunity in clinically relevant scenarios.
Identification of pheromone candidates for the eucalyptus weevil, Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Branco Sofia , Mateus Eduardo Pires , Gomes da Silva Marco Diogo Richter , Mendes Davide , Pereira Maria Manuela Araújo , Schütz Stefan , Paiva Maria Rosa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe eucalyptus weevil, Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), is a major pest of eucalyptus plantations worldwide. To date, no pheromones have been identified for this species, despite their valuable potential as tools in monitoring or control strategies. Here we report the detection and identification of pheromones candidates of G. platensis. The weevil's volatile compounds were collected by solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and monolithic material sorption extraction (MMSE). Using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, eleven insect specific compounds were detected and identified: verbenene, cis‐verbenol, trans‐verbenol, verbenone, 2‐oxo‐1,8‐cineole, 9‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole, 2‐α‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole, 3‐oxo‐1,8‐cineole, 2‐β‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole, 3‐α‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole and 7‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole. Three of these compounds, verbenene, cis‐verbenol and trans‐verbenol, were shown to be male‐specific. Antennal sensitivity towards ten compounds emitted by G. platensis was detected using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry/Electroantennographic Detection (GC‐MS/EAD). Extracts from virgin males proved to be attractive to virgin females in olfactometer bioassays. Further behavioural bioassays showed that both virgin females and virgin males were attracted to the male‐specific compound cis‐verbenol and that virgin females were attracted to trans‐verbenol. Verbenone was attractive to mated females. Regarding 2‐α‐hydroxy‐1.8‐cineole and 2‐oxo‐1,8‐cineole, which are produced by both sexes, the alcohol was attractive to virgin males and both the alcohol and the ketone were repellant to mated females. This is, to our knowledge, the first identification of pheromones candidates in Gonipterus spp. and also the first evidence of cineole metabolites acting as semiochemicals.
Does geographical location matter for ethnic wage gaps?
Authors: Longhi Simonetta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes ethnic wage gaps in Great Britain by comparing minorities to majority workers in the same local labor market and focuses on the variation of wage gaps across areas. As wage gaps vary across areas, using one single national measure may be misleading. Higher wage gaps across groups are associated with higher occupational segregation and ethnic diversity, while higher wage gaps within groups are associated with higher regional specialization and proportion of co‐ethnics. Policies could help by improving job location and selection into occupations across groups.