bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thermocycling on Biaxial Flexural Strength of CAD/CAM, Bulk Fill, and Conventional Resin Composite Materials
Authors: Benalcázar Jalkh EB , Machado CM , Gianinni M , Beltramini I , Piza MMT , Coelho PG , Hirata R , Bonfante EA 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARY
New resin-based restorative materials have been developed, such as computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and bulk-fill composites, as an alternative to traditional layering techniques. This study evaluated the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) before and after thermocycling of five different resin composites: one hybrid resin/ceramic CAD/CAM indirect material, Lava Ultimate CAD-CAM Restorative (LU, 3M Oral Care); a conventional composite, Filtek Z350 XT (Z350, 3M Oral Care); two bulk-fill composites, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TBF, Ivoclar Vivadent) and Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF, 3M Oral Care); and one bulk-fill flow resin composite, Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (FBFF, 3M Oral Care). Three hundred disc-shaped specimens (6.5 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm thick) were fabricated and divided into five groups (n=30 for each composite and condition). The BFS test was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min immediately (i, 24 hours) and after thermocycling (a, 500 thermal cycles of 5°C to 55°C with a 30-second dwell time). The Weibull modulus (m) and characteristic stress (η) were calculated, and a contour plot was used (m vs η) to detect differences between groups (95% two-sided confidence intervals). Significantly higher characteristic stress was observed for LUi (286.6 MPa) and Z350i (248.8 MPa) compared to the bulk-fill groups (FBFi=187.9 MPa, FBFFi=175.9 MPa, TBFi=149.9 MPa), with no differences between LUi and Z350i. Thermocycling significantly decreased the characteristic stress of all groups with the highest values observed for LUa (186.7 MPa) and Z350a (188.9 MPa) and the lowest for FBFFa (90.3 MPa). Intermediate values were observed for FBFa (151.6 MPa) and TBFa (122.8 MPa). The Weibull modulus decreased only for FBFa compared to FBFi. Composition and thermocycling significantly influenced the biaxial flexural strength of resin composite materials.
Generazioni 2.0 e produzioni scritte
Authors: Firpo Elena 
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this article is to investigate the written productions carried out by pupils of Spanish-speaking origin of 2.0 generation of the Italian secondary school. The research question is inspired by a previous analysis (Firpo 2014) which aims to study the communicative linguistic preknowledge related to the Academic Language of foreign students of Spanish-speaking heritage language. The test was an adaptation of the Italstudio test (Firpo 2014). The test was divided into three sections: Language, Comprehension and Writing. This test was also used during the experimentation to verify the evolution of students' learning through repeated tests sessions. The same test was also submitted in Spanish to the sample of the Spanish-speaking heritage language. In this article we will analyze only the Italian written productions of a sample of 23 language students of Spanish-speaking heritage language of 2.0 generation.
Prevalencia de la incontinencia urinaria en mujeres de 45-65 años del Hospital Padre Carollo
Authors: Pazmiño Velasco Lenin Mauricio , Esparza Danilo , Ayala Liceth , Quinteros María José 
Published: June 2019

Introducción: La incontinencia urinaria (IU) es una enfermedad que afecta principalmente a mujeres y adultos mayores repercutiendo en su calidad de vida. Además, su tratamiento y sus secuelas representan un costo económico relevante en los sistemas de salud.
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de la IU en mujeres de 45 a 65 años, atendidas en el Hospital “Padre Carollo”, en el periodo 2016-2017.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo/retrospectivo revisando 887 historias clínicas. Se analizó la asociación entre variables (Chi2), los “odd ratios” (Regresión múltiple) y los valores Beta. Los factores de riesgo analizados fueron número de gestas, edad, ocupación, tipo de parto, IMC, hipertensión y tipo de tratamiento.
Resultados: Cuarenta y cinco pacientes fueron diagnosticadas con IU (5.07%; IC95%:3.62-6.51), 44 tuvieron IU de esfuerzo y 1 tuvo IU mixta. La prueba Chi2 determinó una asociación entre IU, el número de gestas (p=0.002) y la hipertensión (p=0.025). La regresión múltiple encontró asociaciones significativas para el número de gestas (p=0.003), hipertensión (p=0.030) y partos por cesáreas (p=0.016). Los valores Beta ratificaron estos resultados.
Conclusiones: La prevalencia de IU fue de 5.07%. En cuanto a los tipos de IU, el más frecuente dentro de la muestra fue la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo. El número de gestas fue el factor de riesgo más significativo en relación con las variables edad, ocupación, tipo de parto, IMC, hipertensión y tipo de tratamiento. La regresión múltiple mostró una relación significativa entre el número de gestas e IU, para primíparas, multíparas y gran multíparas. Los valores BETA demostraron que los factores de predicción de la presencia de IU más importantes fueron mujeres gran multíparas, multíparas, primíparas, hipertensión, IMC y edad.
Prediction of Infectious Complications after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Chhetri Raj Kumar , Baral Suman , Thapa Neeraj 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Post-operative infection is one of the most common and potentially life-threatening complications following percutaneous nephrolithotomy, ranging from Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to severe sepsis. It is reported to be the most common peri-operative cause of death. Despite taking utmost precautions, we come across major complications such as haemorrhage and urosepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. This study aims to find the risk factors for infectious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study carried out in the Department of Surgery of Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital over a period of six months. Pre- operative and intra-operative parameters of ninety-seven patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy were analysed to see the association between perioperative and intraoperative factors in development of post-operative infectious complications.
Results: Post-operatively, SIRS was observed in 28.9% of the patients and 6.2% developed post operative sepsis. Stone burden, types of stone, abnormal urinalysis and mean operative time were associated with post-operative SIRS while stone burden, abnormal urinalysis, positive urine culture and operation time were statistically associated with post-operative sepsis. In univariate analysis only mean operation time and mean stone burden were statistically associated in development of post operative SIRS and sepsis.
Conclusion: In the present study mean operation time and mean stone burden were found to be the predictive factors for post-operative infectious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Outcome of Snodgrass Repair in Distal Hypospadias – An Institutional Experience
Authors: Thakur Deepak K. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly in which the urethral opening is on the ventral surface of the penis, often associated with ventral curvature of penis (chordee). Many techniques have been descried in the literature for the repair of hypospadias with variable results. This study aimed at outcome following Snodgrass repair in distal hypospadias by a single Urologist.
Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at Department of Urology, Birat Medical College from December 2017 to January 2019 during which 16 patients with distal hypospadias underwent primary repair using Snodgrass technique.
Results: Mean age was 5.12 years and duration of operation was 136.25 minutes. About 56.25% of cases were subcoronal and 43.25% were coronal. Chordee of <30 degree was present in 25% of cases. Complications occurred in 25% cases of which half (12.5%) were urethrocutaneous fistula and rest were meatal stenosis (6.25%) and hematoma (6.25%).
Conclusion: The outcome of Snodgrass repair in distal hypospadias is satisfactory with acceptable complications and urethrocutaneous fistula is the commonest complication.
Comparison between quantitative measurements of diffusion tensor imaging and T2 signal intensity in a large series of cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients for assessment of disease severity and prognostication of recovery
Authors: Shabani Saman , Kaushal Mayank , Budde Matthew , Schmit Brian , Wang Marjorie C. , Kurpad Shekar 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVECervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction. Recently, it has been shown that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may be a better biomarker than T2-weighted signal intensity (T2SI) on MRI for CSM. However, there is very little literature on a comparison between the quantitative measurements of DTI and T2SI in the CSM patient population to determine disease severity and recovery.METHODSA prospective analysis of 46 patients with both preoperative DTI and T2-weighted MRI was undertaken. Normalized T2SI (NT2SI), regardless of the presence or absence of T2SI at the level of maximum compression (LMC), was determined by calculating the T2SI at the LMC/T2SI at the level of the foramen magnum. Regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship of fractional anisotropy (FA), a quantitative measure derived from DTI, and NT2SI individually as well their combination with baseline preoperative modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score and ∆mJOA score at the 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups. Goodness-of-fit analysis was done using residual diagnostics. In addition, mixed-effects regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of FA and NT2SI individually. A p value < 0.05 was selected to indicate statistical significance.RESULTSRegression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between FA at the LMC and preoperative mJOA score (p = 0.041) but a significant negative correlation between FA at the LMC and the ΔmJOA score at the 12-month follow-up (p = 0.010). All other relationships between FA at the LMC and the baseline preoperative mJOA score or ∆mJOA score at the 3-, 6-, and 24-month follow-ups were not statistically significant. For NT2SI and the combination of FA and NT2SI, no significant relationships with preoperative mJOA score or ∆mJOA at 3, 6, and 24 months were seen on regression analysis. However, there was a significant correlation of combined FA and NT2SI with ∆mJOA score at the 12-month follow-up. Mixed-effects regression revealed that FA measured at the LMC was the only significant predictor of ΔmJOA score (p = 0.03), whereas NT2SI and time were not. Goodness-of-fit analysis did not show any evidence of lack of fit.CONCLUSIONSIn this large prospective study of CSM patients, FA at LMC appears to be a better biomarker for determining long-term outcomes following surgery in CSM patients than NT2SI or the combination values at LMC.
Ice-sheet mass balance at the Last Glacial Maximum from the
GENESIS version 2 global climate model
Authors: Thompson Starley L. , Pollard David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAt the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) about 21000 years ago (21 ka BP), the
overall mass balance of the Laurentide and Eurasian ice sheets should have
been close to zero, since their rate of change of total ice volume was
approximately zero at that time. The surface mass balance should have been
zero or positive to balance any iceberg/iceshelf discharge and basal
melting, but could not have been strongly negative. In principle this can be
tested by global climate model (GCM) simulations with prescribed ice-sheet
extents and topography.We describe results from a suite of 21 ka BP simulations using a new GCM
(GENESIS version 2.0.a), with sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) prescribed
from GLIMAP (1981) and predicted by a mixed-layer ocean model, and with ice
sheets prescribed from both the ICE-4G (Peltier, 1994) and CLIMAP (1981) reconstructions. This GCM is
well suited for ice-sheet mass-balance studies because (i) the surface can
be represented at a finer resolution than the atmospheric GCM, (ii) an
elevation correction accounts for spectral distortions of the atmospheric
GCM topography, (iii) a simple post-processing correction for the refreezing
of meltwater is applied, and (iv) the model's precipitation and mass
balances for present-day Greenland and Antarctica are realistic. However,
for all reasonable combinations of SSTs and ice-sheet configurations, the
predicted annual surface mass balances of the LGM Laurentide and Eurasian
ice sheets are implausibly negative. Possible reasons for this discrepancy
are discussed, including increased ice-age aerosols, higher CLIMAP-like
ice-sheet profiles in the few thousand years preceding the LGM, and a
surface of the southern Laurentide just before the LGM to produce fleetingly
the ICE-4G profile at 21 ka BP.
Neurofibrillary Tangles and Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment with Certain Antihypertensives
Authors: Wharton Whitney , Zhao Liping , Steenland Kyle , Goldstein Felicia C. , Schneider Julie A. , Barnes Lisa L. , Gearing Marla , Yasar Sevil 
Published: June 2019

Background: Individuals taking renin angiotensin system (RAS) acting antihypertensives exhibit slower cognitive decline and are less likely to progress from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the mechanism remains unclear. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that individuals taking RAS acting antihypertensives exhibit less AD-related neuropathology and slower disease progression than individuals taking non-RAS acting antihypertensives. Method: Participants included 83 individuals with MCI who were taking an antihypertensive at baseline, had at least two follow-up visits, and had postmortem neuropathological data. Participants were old ( M = 83.1 years), 32% male, well educated ( M = 15.7 years), and 9.2% Black. Results: RAS medication users ( N = 38) were less likely to progress to AD than non-RAS users ( N = 45). RAS users exhibited fewer neurofibrillary tangles than non-RAS users in the hippocampal CA1 region ( p < 0.01), entorhinal cortex ( p = 0.03), and the angular gyrus, inferior temporal, mid-frontal cortex, and superior frontal ( p = 0.01). Conclusion: Prevention or clearance of neurofibrillary tangles represents a mechanism by which RAS medications may slow disease progression.
Episodic-Memory Performance in Machine Learning Modeling for Predicting Cognitive Health Status Classification
Authors: Bergeron Michael F. , Landset Sara , Tarpin-Bernard Franck , Ashford Curtis B. , Khoshgoftaar Taghi M. , Ashford J. Wesson 
Published: June 2019

Background: Memory dysfunction is characteristic of aging and often attributed to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An easily administered tool for preliminary assessment of memory function and early AD detection would be integral in improving patient management. Objective: Our primary aim was to utilize machine learning in determining initial viable models to serve as complementary instruments in demonstrating efficacy of the MemTrax online Continuous Recognition Tasks (M-CRT) test for episodic-memory screening and assessing cognitive impairment. Methods: We used an existing dataset subset ( n = 18,395) of demographic information, general health screening questions (addressing memory, sleep quality, medications, and medical conditions affecting thinking), and test results from a convenience sample of adults who took the M-CRT test. M-CRT performance and participant features were used as independent attributes: true positive/negative, percent responses/correct, response time, age, sex, and recent alcohol consumption. For predictive modeling, we used demographic information and test scores to predict binary classification of the health-related questions (yes/no) and general health status (healthy/unhealthy), based on the screening questions. Results: ANOVA revealed significant differences among HealthQScore groups for response time true positive ( p = 0.000) and true positive ( p = 0.020), but none for true negative ( p = 0.0551). Both % responses and % correct had significant differences ( p = 0.026 and p = 0.037, respectively). Logistic regression was generally the top-performing learner with moderately robust prediction performance (AUC) for HealthQScore (0.648–0.680) and selected general health questions (0.713–0.769). Conclusion: Our novel application of supervised machine learning and predictive modeling helps to demonstrate and validate cross-sectional utility of MemTrax in assessing early-stage cognitive impairment and general screening for AD.
“FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING FILMS OF LAFUTIDINE”
Authors: Mehta Hir. R. , Patel Vijay K. 
Published: June 2019

The present invention was aimed to formulate and evaluate Lafutidine gastro retentive films. The films were prepared by solvent casting technique using different film forming polymers like HPMC and Ethyl cellulose. PEG 400 used as a plastsizer. The prepared films were evaluated for number of parameters like Physical appearance, Weight variation, Thickness, Folding endurance, Tensile strength, unfolding behavior, floating properties, drug content and In vitro drug release studies. From the trial batches the best release for gastroretentive film was shown by formulation T5 (Ethyl cellulose and PEG 400). Formulation T5 exhibited good appearance, better mechanical strength with acceptable flexibility. Also, formulation T5 was given more than 90 % drug released after 12 hr and 97.56 % Drug content. For optimization of formulation, 32 factorial design was applied by taking Ethyl cellulose and PEG 400 as an independent variables. Drug release at 8 hour and folding endurance selected as dependent variables. Based on drug release study, L8 batch found most satisfactory in all formulation and the effect of Ethyl cellulose and PEG 400 found significant. L8 batch found stable during stability study.
Key words: Lafutidine, Floating Films, Ethyl Cellulose.
“FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BUCCAL FILMS OF SAXAGLIPTIN”
Authors: Pandit Vipul , Patel Vijay 
Published: June 2019

Objective: Saxagliptin is an orally anti-diabetic drug. It has an oral bioavailability of 50% due to first pass hepatic metabolism. To achieve sustained action of drug, reduce dosing frequency, bypass the hepatic first pass effect and improve bioavailability, buccal films formulation was planned.
Methods: Compatibility of the drug with the excipients was studied with the help of FTIR. 23 factorial design was planned using concentration of Sodium alginate, concentration of Chitosan and PEG 400. Solvent casting method was used for the fabrication of films. Weight, thickness, surface pH, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro residence time, % swelling and % drug release were evaluated for the prepared film formulations.
Results: All the films were found have surface pH close to neutral pH and were found to have content uniformity. Mucoadhesive strength was found to increase with increase in concentration of Chitosan. Drug release is more controlled by the high swelling film formers than sodium alginate. Among the film formers, though swelling is more, % drug release is also more from sodium alginate and Chitosan films because of its ionic nature and more solubility.
Conclusion: Because of high mucoadhesive strength and more % drug release, combination of Sodium alginate with Chitosan film formulations was selected.
Key Words: Saxagliptin, Buccal films
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COLON TARGETED PELLETS OF BUMADIZONE CALCIUM
Authors: Nareshkumar Mr. Shah Akashkumar , Raval Mr. Anil G. 
Published: June 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to Formulation and Evaluation of colon targeted pellets of Bumadizone Calcium
Objective: Bumadizone Calcium is an acetic acid derivative, having irritation in stomach. Bumadizone Calcium has short half-life (4hrs) and undergoes first pass metabolism. It is pH-dependent. This research work was carried out to improve the bioavailability, patient compliance on oral colon targeted drug delivery. Bumadizone Calcium sustained release enteric coated pellets were prepared, which minimize the release of drug in stomach for treatment of IBD formulated by Extrusion Spheronization process.
Experimental work done: Enteric coated pellets prepared by Extrusion Spheronization technique. Eudragit S100, HPMC, PVP K30, and Ethyl Cellulose were used as rate controlling polymers. In this study, a pH dependent colon targeted enteric coated pellets was established using 32 full factorial design by giving enteric coating with Eudragit S100. Different Concentration of Eudragit S100 as an enteric coating material (4%, 5%, & %6) and PVP K30 as a Binder (0.5%, 1% & 1.5%) are taken for the measurements of % Drug Release that are performed by using USP dissolution 1 (Basket type) at 50 rpm. The test is performed with gastric fluid (pH 1.2) at 37±0.5 for first 2 hours & then in phosphate buffer 6.8 for 4 hrs & finally in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 for 6 hrs. The prepared formulations were evaluated for drug-excipient compatibility study, flow property, drug content, and coating process efficiency.
Results and Discussion: Optimized batch shown that less than 0.50% of the drug released at the end of 2 hrs in pH 1.2, less than 20% of drug released after end of 4 hrs in pH 6.8 and more than 85% at the end of 12 hrs in pH 7.4.
Conclusion: Bumadizone Calcium Enteric Coated pellets can be successfully formulated by addition of PVP K-30 as a binder and Eudragit S100 as Coating polymer. It was also concluded that prepared formulation minimizes drug release in stomach and avoid side effect of the drug.
Keywords: Bumadizone calcium, Eudragit S100, Enteric coating, extrusion spheronization technique, 32 full factorial designs.
Actitudes de la comunidad de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, sede Bogotá sobre discapacidad
Authors: Caraballo Martínez Gilma Jeannette 
Published: June 2019

Esta investigación muestra las actitudes hacia la discapacidad por parte de la comunidad académica conformada por estudiantes, docentes y administrativos de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina -sede Bogotá, El tipo de diseño implementado fue descriptivo de corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. La escala que se utilizó para medir estas actitudes fue la Evaluación de actitudes de los profesionales hacia las personas con discapacidad (Verdugo y otros, 2016). Se aplicó a 141 participantes entre estudiantes, administrativos y docentes. Los resultados mostraron que la comunidad académica presenta actitudes negativas hacia las personas con discapacidad, lo que puede deberse a que persisten creencias, estereotipos y valoraciones negativas a la discapacidad presentada por la persona, sin considerarse sus capacidades y potencialidades.