bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life associated with maternal anxiety disorder in Russian children and adolescents with food allergy
Authors: DunnGalvin Audrey , Treneva Marina , Pampura Alexander , Grebenko Andrey , Makatsori Melina , Munblit Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy negatively impacts the quality of life (QoL) and has been associated with increased maternal anxiety. There is currently a lack of data assessing QoL of food‐allergic children and adolescents in Russia. We aimed to evaluate the performance of the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ) measures in a Russian sample of children, adolescents, and mothers and to investigate association between child QoL and maternal general anxiety.MethodsFAQLQ and Food Allergy Independent Measures (FAIM) were translated to Russian to be completed by participants. Mothers also filled the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7) questionnaire. Reliability, construct, and discriminant validity of the FAQLQs and association between FAQLQ scores and general anxiety were assessed.ResultsA total of 142 participants completed FAQLQ and FAIM. In total, 126 mothers completed GAD‐7 questionnaire. All FAQLQs showed excellent internal consistency (α > 0.94). The means for the FAQLQ‐PF, FAQLQ‐CF, and FAQLQ‐TF varied according to the number of foods avoided, severity of symptoms, and FAIM and GAD scores (ηp2 0.40 P < .001). One in 5 mothers had GAD‐7 score indicative of moderate‐to‐severe anxiety. Association strength between GAD and FAQLQ increased with age. GAD score was associated with FAQLQ‐PF score, controlling for multiple confounders.ConclusionThe FAQLQ showed good reliability and validity in Russian. This study identified number of foods avoided and reported reaction severity being associated with greater QoL impairment in Russian children and adolescents affected by food allergy. The significant association found between general anxiety in parents and QoL in children and adolescents has practice, screening, and resource implications.
Delineating the role of MITF isoforms in pigmentation and tissue homeostasis
Authors: Flesher Jessica L. , Paterson‐Coleman Elyse K. , Vasudeva Priya , Ruiz‐Vega Rolando , Marshall Michaela , Pearlman Eric , MacGregor Grant R. , Neumann Jonathan , Ganesan Anand K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMITF, a gene that is mutated in familial melanoma and Waardenburg syndrome, encodes multiple isoforms expressed from alternative promoters that share common coding exons but have unique amino termini. It is not completely understood how these isoforms influence pigmentation in different tissues and how the expression of these independent isoforms of MITF is regulated. Here, we show that melanocytes express two isoforms of MITF, MITF‐A and MITF‐M. The expression of MITF‐A is partially regulated by a newly identified retinoid enhancer element located upstream of the MITF‐A promoter. Mitf‐A knockout mice have only subtle changes in melanin accumulation in the hair and reduced Tyr expression in the eye. In contrast, Mitf‐M‐null mice have enlarged kidneys, lack neural crest‐derived melanocytes in the skin, choroid, and iris stroma, yet maintain pigmentation within the retinal pigment epithelium and iris pigment epithelium of the eye. Taken together, these studies identify a critical role for MITF‐M in melanocytes, a minor role for MITF‐A in regulating pigmentation in the hair and Tyr expression in the eye, and a novel role for MITF‐M in size control of the kidney.
Pediatric kidney transplantation in Nepal
Authors: Kafle Mukunda Prasad , Poudyal Amod K. , Chalise Pawan Raj , Shah Dibya Singh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSuccess in pediatric kidney transplantation is great achievement for the emerging countries. This report is the first of its kind from Nepal. It demonstrates the status of pediatric kidney transplantation in Nepal.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of transplants done in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Living donor kidney transplant recipients ≤17 years transplanted till September 2018 were included. Demographic data, renal function, rejections, and other complications recorded in the charts were noted. Descriptive analysis was done in September 2018.ResultsA total of 517 living donor kidney transplants were done till September 2018 since August 2008. Twenty‐three were ≤17 years. Eighteen (78.26%) were male. Mean ± SD age was 15.35 ± 1.7 years, and weight was 41.8 ± 9.8 kg. One received ABO‐incompatible transplantation.Fifteen (65.22%) donors were female, 14 (60.87%) were mothers, and seven were fathers (30.43%). Mean donor age was 40.21 ± 8 years.Patient and graft survival at 1 year were 100% and 89.2%, respectively. One patient died on dialysis in second year after graft failure due to FSGS. One is on dialysis after losing graft to oxalate nephropathy. Three (13.3%) had biopsy‐proven acute rejections. Two had acute cellular rejection, and 1 had antibody‐mediated rejection.ConclusionsChildren from poor countries are also entitled to the benefits of medical advancements.
Kidney transplantation from an HIV‐positive cadaveric donor
Authors: Varotti Giovanni , Dodi Ferdinando , Boscaneanu Alexandru , Terulla Alessia , Sambuceti Virginia , Fontana Iris 
Published: September 2019

AbstractKidney transplantation is the gold‐standard therapy for select HIV‐positive patients with ESRD. Since the Italian Ministry of Health defined the guidelines for organ donation from HIV‐positive persons in 2018, we report the first case of renal transplantation from an HIV‐positive cadaveric donor in two HIV‐positive recipients in Italy. The donor was a 50‐year‐old male, deceased due to post‐anoxic encephalopathy, with a history of HIV infection in HAART, undetectable viral load, and HCV‐related chronic hepatitis that had been previously treated. The first recipient was a 59‐year‐old female with a prior history of drug addiction, and she suffered from ESRD secondary to HIV nephropathy. The patient followed preoperative HAART with a good viral response and undetectable HIV viral load. She also had a history of HCV‐related chronic hepatitis that had been successfully treated. The right kidney was uneventfully transplanted. The patient developed an asymptomatic reinfection of endogenous BK virus. The second recipient was a 41‐year‐old male with ESRD secondary to polycystic kidney disease. The patient was HIV‐positive in HAART, with a good viro‐immunologic response and an undetectable HIV viral load. He suffered from a severe form of hemophilia A and HCV‐related chronic hepatitis, which had been previously treated with undetectable HCV RNA. The left kidney was uneventfully transplanted. At the end of follow‐up, both patients had a healthy condition with stable renal function, a persistently good viral response and undetectable HIV and HCV viral loads. These encouraging preliminary results seem to confirm the safety and effectiveness of kidney transplantation from select HIV‐positive donors.
Reduced positive selection of a human TCR in a swine thymus using a humanized mouse model for xenotolerance induction
Authors: Nauman Grace , Borsotti Chiara , Danzl Nichole , Khosravi‐Maharlooei Mohsen , Li Hao‐Wei , Chavez Estefania , Stone Samantha , Sykes Megan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTolerance‐inducing approaches to xenotransplantation would be optimal and may be necessary for long‐term survival of transplanted pig organs in human patients. The ideal approach would generate donor‐specific unresponsiveness to the pig organ without suppressing the patient's normal immune function. Porcine thymus transplantation has shown efficacy in promoting xenotolerance in humanized mice and large animal models. However, murine studies demonstrate that T cells selected in a swine thymus are positively selected only by swine thymic epithelial cells, and therefore, cells expressing human HLA‐restricted TCRs may not be selected efficiently in a transplanted pig thymus. This may lead to suboptimal patient immune function.MethodsTo assess human thymocyte selection in a pig thymus, we used a TCR transgenic humanized mouse model to study positive selection of cells expressing the MART1 TCR, a well‐characterized human HLA‐A2‐restricted TCR, in a grafted pig thymus.ResultsPositive selection of T cells expressing the MART1 TCR was inefficient in both a non‐selecting human HLA‐A2–or swine thymus compared with an HLA‐A2+thymus. Additionally, CD8 MART1 TCRbrightT cells were detected in the spleens of mice transplanted with HLA‐A2+thymi but were significantly reduced in the spleens of mice transplanted with swine or HLA‐A2–thymi. [Correction added on October 15, 2019, after first online publication: The missing superscript values +, –, and bright have been included in the Results section.]ConclusionsPositive selection of cells expressing a human‐restricted TCR in a transplanted pig thymus is inefficient, suggesting that modifications to improve positive selection of cells expressing human‐restricted TCRs in a pig thymus may be necessary to support development of a protective human T‐cell pool in future patients.
The Effect of Rated Climb Performance on Low Cycle Fatigue of a Civil Turbojet Engine
Authors: König Jonas , Weißschuh Matthias , von Ende Sven , Staudacher Stephan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Low cycle fatigue (LCF) of jet engine disks is a major contributor to the maintenance costs of an engine. The current industry standard for the analysis of LCF is to use representative flight missions to reflect the in-service usage of engines. Based on the engine performance during those missions, the internal stresses and temperatures of life-critical components are calculated. These stresses and temperatures define the cyclic life consumption of a mission and determine the certifiable LCF life of the engine. The engine performance is defined by the power setting schedules of the engine, so-called engine ratings. The effect of the rated climb performance on high pressure turbine (HPT) disk life is investigated for a generic two-shaft engine operated in a small twin-jet civil aircraft. LCF life is analyzed using a finite element (FE)-based cycle counting model. The aircraft climb performance resulting from the changed climb ratings is assessed with an aircraft performance model. It is shown that there are climb ratings which result in reduced LCF life consumption and climb time compared to the reference rating. Employing these ratings on in-service engines increases the certifiable life count and reduces maintenance costs.
Folding the Carpenter’s Tape: Boundary Layer Effects
Authors: Calladine C. R. , Seffen K. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The “carpenter’s measuring tape” is a thin spring-steel strip, preformed to a curved cross section of radius R, which is straight when being used for measuring. Under bending moments, it forms a localized hinge, in which the transverse curvature is suppressed, and the longitudinal radius r is approximately equal to R. Rimrott made a simple strain energy analysis of the hinge region for isotropic material, which predicted that r = R. Both experimental observations and finite element computations show that ξ = r/R > 1, where the value of ξ exceeds unity by up to 15%, depending on whether the tape is bent in “equal-sense” or “opposite-sense” curvature; ξ varies linearly with Poisson’s ratio in both cases. We make a minor change to Rimrott’s analysis by introducing a boundary layer, in order better to satisfy the physical conditions at the free edges; this successfully accounts for the observed behavior of the tape.
Repeatable and High-Efficiency Patterning of Silver Nanowires on PDMS Using Micromilled Aluminum Molds
Authors: Helgason Rick , Choudhury Ayan , Lai Yongjun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present an inexpensive, repeatable, and efficient method of patterning silver nanowires onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using a mold-based approach. A micromilling machine is used to prepare an aluminum mold with a raised pattern so that PDMS cured in these molds is imprinted with the design. A solution of silver nanowires and ethanol can then be injected into the pattern. This method can be used to pattern silver nanowires onto PDMS in any two-dimensional (2D) layout, meaning it can be extended to produce a wide range of PDMS/silver nanowire-based sensors and devices. We demonstrate this by the development of two separate patterns. An intricate logo is developed in order to demonstrate the capability of patterning curved and sharp edges, and a strain gauge is developed in order to demonstrate a functional device.
Examining the Effect of Geometry Changes in Industrial Fuel Injection Systems on Hydrodynamic Structures With BiGlobal Linear Stability Analysis
Authors: Kaiser Thomas Ludwig , Oberleithner Kilian , Selle Laurent , Poinsot Thierry 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Shape optimization with respect to the suppression or enhancement of dynamical flow structures is an important topic in combustion research and beyond. In this paper, we investigate the flow in an industrial fuel injection system by experimental means, as well as large eddy simulation (LES) and linear stability analysis (LSA) for two configurations of the swirler. In the first configuration, the reference geometry, a precessing vortex core (PVC) occurs. In the second configuration, a center body is mounted in the interior of the injector. It is shown by both experiments and LES that the PVC is suppressed by the presence of the center body, while the mean flow remains nearly unaffected. The method of LSA is applied in order to explain the effect of the geometry change. The work shows that LSA is capable of explaining the occurrence or disappearance of coherent structures evolving on the turbulent flows if the geometry is changed. This is an important step in using LSA in the context of shape optimization of industrial fuel injectors.
Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing on Upper Body Resistance Exercise Performance
Authors: Krings Ben M. , Shepherd Brandon D. , Waldman Hunter S. , McAllister Matthew J. , Smith JohnEric W. 
Published: September 2019

Carbohydrate mouth rinsing has been shown to enhance aerobic exercise performance, but there is limited research with resistance exercise (RE). Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of carbohydrate mouth rinsing during a high-volume upper body RE protocol on performance, heart rate responses, ratings of perceived exertion, and felt arousal. Recreationally experienced resistance-trained males (N = 17, age: 21 ± 1 years, height: 177.3 ± 5.2 cm, mass: 83.5 ± 9.3 kg) completed three experimental sessions, with the first serving as familiarization to the RE protocol. During the final two trials, the participants rinsed a 25-ml solution containing either a 6% carbohydrate solution or an artificially flavored placebo in a randomized, counterbalanced, and double-blinded fashion. The participants rinsed a total of nine times immediately before beginning the protocol and 20 s before repetitions to failure with the exercises bench press, bent-over row, incline bench press, close-grip row, hammer curls, skull crushers (all completed at 70% one-repetition maximum), push-ups, and pull-ups. Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, and felt arousal were measured at the baseline and immediately after each set of repetitions to failure. There were no differences for the total repetitions completed (carbohydrate = 203 ± 25 repetitions vs. placebo = 201 ± 23 repetitions, p = .46, Cohen’s d = 0.10). No treatment differences were observed for heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, or felt arousal (p > .05). Although carbohydrate mouth rinsing has been shown to be effective in increasing aerobic performance, the results from this investigation show no benefit in RE performance in resistance-trained males.
Geology of the Driftless Area
Authors: Knox* James C. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The Driftless Area is a region of roughly 22,000 km2 almost entirely in southwestern Wisconsin and adjacent northwestern Illinois that contains no evidence for glaciation during the Quaternary. Both in terms of topography and geomorphic process, it stands in stark contrast to the surrounding glaciated landscapes of the Midwestern United States. The nearly flat-lying Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the region are deeply incised by the dendritic drainage system of the upper Mississippi and lower Wisconsin Rivers and numerous of their tributaries. Records of geologic processes that predate the Quaternary glaciations are exposed at the near-surface. The landscape is blanketed by loess of the Kieler Formation and was affected by mass wasting and a range of periglacial processes that were pervasive during permafrost conditions that existed between 33 and 14 ka. Post-glacial fluvial systems preserve myriad examples of channel adjustment to changes in sediment supply from the transition of glacial to interglacial conditions, changes in discharge across periods of Holocene climate change, and responses to Euro-American settlement of the landscape.
Late Pleistocene vegetation in the Driftless Area
Authors: Baker* Richard G. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The physical and fluvial development of the Driftless Area, largely in Wisconsin, has been investigated by James C. Knox and was the subject of a 1982 field trip. This chapter reviews and expands current understanding of the geomorphic history in and adjacent to the Driftless Area in northeast Iowa and southeast Minnesota, and the paleoecology and paleoclimates that were important in the late glacial and Holocene landform development. This information was largely obtained using fossil pollen, plant macrofossils, fossil mammals and insects, and cave speleothem records.
An overview of Driftless Area prehistory
Authors: Stoltman James B. , Boszhardt Robert F. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
This paper presents an overview of the human prehistory of the Driftless Area of the Upper Mississippi Valley as revealed through archaeological research. Discussion begins with the earliest evidence of human occupation over 13,000 yr ago and concludes just prior to the arrival of European traders and missionaries in the seventeenth century.
Historic changes to floodplain systems in the Driftless Area
Authors: Belby Colin S. , Spigel Lindsay J. , Fitzpatrick* Faith A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Floodplain systems in the Driftless Area have experienced widespread historical transformations in hydrologic and sediment characteristics as well as rates of hydrogeomorphic processes. These changes exceed natural variability experienced during the Holocene and are driven by nearly two centuries of major land-cover alterations coupled with shifting precipitation patterns. On the pre–Euro-American landscape, tributaries to the Upper Mississippi River had clear, constant base flow and low sedimentation rates due to a protective cover of prairie, oak savanna, and woodland. The Upper Mississippi River was sandy and braided, with geomorphologically diverse backwaters, side channels, and vegetated islands. Soil erosion and gullying caused by agriculture-related land clearance have had the largest historical effects on Upper Mississippi River tributary stream morphology and floodplain sedimentation. Floodplain sedimentation rates for tributaries and the Upper Mississippi River were 0.2 and 0.9 mm/yr, respectively, before Euro-American settlement, compared to 2–20 and 5–20 mm/yr after Euro-American settlement, respectively. The soil conservation movement had its birthplace in the Driftless Area in the 1920s because of the region’s widespread landscape degradation. As soil erosion decreased and gullies were stabilized in the middle to late twentieth century, land management efforts turned toward the lingering problem of fine-grained, phosphorus-rich sediment stored in tributary floodplains and channels. This trend has been complicated by a climatic shift in the late twentieth century toward increased annual precipitation, increased flood variability, and more floods in late fall and winter months, when bare fields are vulnerable to runoff. Floods are major contributors to channel erosion and deposition, and variability in magnitudes and frequency will likely continue in the early twenty-first century. Restoration efforts in tributaries have included reducing bank erosion, reconnecting floodplains, and adding trout habitat features. Lock and dam structures have altered sediment transport and erosion processes within the Upper Mississippi River, and restoration efforts there have focused on creation and rehabilitation of islands and protection of remnant off-channel backwater habitats.
Lead and zinc mining in the Driftless Area
Authors: Knox* James C. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Lead and zinc ore minerals occur in the middle Ordovician Sinnipee Group dolomites in southwest Wisconsin and adjacent areas of northwest Illinois and northeast Iowa. Europeans began mining lead deposits as early as the mid-1600s; production of lead ore and smelting of lead reached a peak ca. 1850. Mining and production from the stratigraphically lower zinc deposits reached a peak in 1917, with a lesser resurgence of zinc production ca. 1950–1970. The mining detritus and sediment from mine waste piles is relatively stable. However, cations of lead and zinc freely adsorb to clay and silt particles and have been incorporated into the downstream fluvial systems. The temporal coincidence of lead-zinc mining and active aggradation of many fluvial systems in the Driftless Area has resulted in these “legacy sediments” being preserved in overbank fluvial deposits throughout the Lead-Zinc District.
Dip, layer spacing, and incision rate controls on the formation of strike valleys, cuestas, and cliffbands in heterogeneous stratigraphy
Authors: Ward Dylan J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLandscapes developed over heterogeneous stratigraphy exhibit a spectrum of landforms from dramatic cliffbands to hogbacks, depending on the dip and spacing of the layers. In deeply incised landscapes, a single cliffband may consist of multiple resistant layers, whereas similar stratigraphy elsewhere is separated by strike valleys into individual cuesta benches or hogbacks. This paper presents a geometric analysis, informed by a numerical landscape model, to explain the conditions for development of a strike valley floored by erodible rocks. The results define a threshold incision rate below which strike valleys are more likely to form; this threshold incision rate is proportional to the stratigraphic spacing of cliff-forming layers and a trigonometric function of dip angle. The analysis also yields a time scale for the adjustment of structural landforms to changes in regional incision rate, which is a function of dip angle and the coupling between cliff retreat rate and escarpment height. In example landscapes of the Colorado Plateau, this time scale is likely much longer than that of documented variations of incision rates due to late Quaternary climate and land-use changes. The transitional state of escarpments in layered rock may therefore contain information about regional downcutting rates over time scales different from those recorded by the fluvial network. The utility of such features will require better understanding of the coupling between incision of a foot slope and the retreat rate of the cliff above in different kinds of rocks.