bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CCB-ID approach to tree species mapping with airborne imaging spectroscopy
Authors: Anderson Christopher B 
Published: June 2018

Background. Biogeographers assess how species distributions and abundances affect the structure, function, and composition of ecosystems. Yet we face a major challenge: it is difficult to precisely map species across landscapes. Novel Earth observations could obviate this challenge. Airborne imaging spectrometers measure plant functional traits at high resolution, and these measurements can be used to identify tree species. Plant traits are often highly conserved within species, and highly variable between species, which provides the biophysical basis for species mapping. In this paper I describe a trait-based approach to species identification with imaging spectroscopy, CCB-ID, which was developed as part of a NIST-sponsored ecological data science evaluation (ECODSE).
Methods. These methods were developed using NEON airborne imaging spectroscopy data. CCB-ID classifies tree species using trait-based reflectance variation and decision tree-based machine learning models, approximating a morphological trait and dichotomous key method traditionally used in botanical classification. First, outliers were removed using a spectral variance threshold. The remaining samples were transformed using principal components analysis and resampled by species to reduce common species biases. Gradient boosting and random forest classifiers were trained using the transformed and resampled feature data. Prediction probabilities were then calibrated using sigmoid regression, and sample-scale predictions were averaged to the crown scale.
Results. This approach performed well according to the competition metrics, receiving a rank-1 accuracy score of 0.919, and a cross-entropy cost score of 0.447 on the test data. Accuracy and specificity scores were high for all species, but precision and recall scores were variable for rare species. PCA transformation improved accuracy scores compared to models trained using reflectance data, but outlier removal and data resampling exacerbated class imbalance problems.
Discussion. CCB-ID accurately classified tree species using NEON imaging spectroscopy data, reporting the best classification scores among participants. However, it failed to overcome several well-known species mapping challenges, like precisely identifying rare species. Key takeaways include (1) training models to maximize metrics beyond accuracy (e.g. recall) could improve rare species predictions, (2) within-genus trait variation may drive spectral separability, precluding efforts to distinguish between functionally convergent species, (3) outlier removal and data resampling exacerbated class imbalance problems, and should be carefully implemented, (4) PCA transformation greatly improved model results, and (5) feature selection could further improve species classification models. CCB-ID is open source, designed for use with NEON data, and available to support future species mapping efforts.
Medi(c)ation Work in the Emergency Department: Making Standardized Practice Work
Authors: Reichenpfader Ursula , Wickström Anette , Nilsen Per , Abrandt Dahlgren Madeleine , Carlfjord Siw 
Published: June 2018

Medication review, the systematic examination of an individual patient’s medicines in order to improve medication therapy, has been advocated as an important patient safety measure. Despite widespread use, little is known about how medication review is conducted when implemented in routine health care. Drawing from an ethnographic case study in a Swedish emergency department and using a practice-based approach, we examine how medication review is practically accomplished and how knowledge is mobilized in everyday practice. We show how physicians construct and negotiate medication safety through situated practices and thereby generate knowledge through mundane activities. We illustrate the centrality of practitioners’ collective reflexive work when co-constructing meaning and argue here that practitioners’ local adaptations can serve as important prerequisites to make “standardized” practice function in everyday work. Organizations need to build a practical capacity to support practitioners’ work-based learning in messy and time-pressured health care settings.
Evaluation of ion recombination and polarity effect on photon depth dose measurements using mini‐ and micro‐ion chamber
Authors: Fogliata Antonella , Bresolin Andrea , Gallo Pasqualina , La Fauci Francesco , Pelizzoli Marco , Reggiori Giacomo , Cozzi Luca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of ion recombination () and polarity () correction factors on percentage depth dose (PDD) curves for three ion chambers, using flat and flattening filter free (FFF) beams, across different broad field sizes. A method to assess these effects and their corresponding corrections is proposed.Methods and were evaluated following the IAEA TRS‐398 protocol for three ion chambers: PTW Semiflex‐3D‐31021, PinPoint‐3D‐31022, and Semiflex‐31010. PDD measurements were acquired from dmax to 32 cm depth at four voltages (± 400 V or ± 300 V, and ± 100 V) for field sizes 4 × 4, 10 × 10, 20 × 20, and 40 × 40 cm2. The values were computed after the correction at each applied voltage. This study aimed to assess the variation of the factors along scanning depths for different field sizes, to evaluate the need for correcting the scanning data.Results was independent of depth and field size for Semiflex‐3D, while it presented an increasing value with depth for the PinPoint‐3D. increased with dose rate, i.e., decreased with depth. The variation of this perturbation effect over the PDD range was about 0.1% for flat beams with all three ion chambers. With FFF beams, it was around 0.3% with PinPoint‐3D, and 0.8% for 10FFF with Semiflex‐3D. A second‐order polynomial fit can be determined to directly correct the raw data scanned along the beam axis for both and .Conclusion can significantly affect the PDD scanning measurements in FFF beams acquired with Semiflex‐3D. An error close to 1% at large depths could be present, meaning an error of less than 0.3% relative to the dose at the depth of dmax.
Motor phenotypes associated with genetic neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Santana Almansa Alexandra , Snyder LeeAnne Green , Chung Wendy K. , Bain Jennifer M. , Srivastava Siddharth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThere is a growing number of monogenic disorders implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Motor impairment is frequently seen in these disorders, although not clearly defined. We aimed to characterize the motor phenotype of genetic NDDs.MethodsWe analyzed data from Simons Searchlight, collecting information on patients with genetic NDDs. Data analyzed included Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Second Edition (Vineland‐II) motor standard scores, motor milestones and tone abnormalities.ResultsIn total, 959 patients with 57 genetic disorders were included. Disorders associated with Vineland‐II motor standard score <56 included GRIN2B‐related disorder (mean standard score = 53.5), HNRNPH2‐related disorder (mean standard score = 55.8) and SCN2A‐related disorder (mean standard score = 49.9). The only genetic condition with a mean age of sitting unsupported ≥18 months was GRIN1‐related disorder (mean age = 26.3 months). Genetic conditions with a mean age of walking independently ≥36 months included CTNNB1‐related disorder (mean age = 37.4 months) and HNRNPH2‐related disorder (mean age = 41.9 months). Tone abnormalities included hypotonia in 83% (577/696), hypertonia in 16% (112/696), a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) in 10% (73/696) and a diagnosis specifically of spastic CP in 3% (23/696).InterpretationPatients with genetic NDDs have a spectrum of motor impairment, which warrant further characterization.
Short‐Peptide‐Induced Diffusion‐limited Plasmonic Aggregation with Broad Spectral Tunability for Wearable Ophthalmic Devices in Color Vision Deficiency Correction
Authors: Ran Shengdong , Chen Yuzhe , He Haiyang , Zhang Qingwen , Liu Xiaohu , Wang Yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSmart wearable ophthalmic devices such as contact lenses have gained widespread interest owing to their compactness, portability, and versatility and have emerged as the most promising, non‐invasive, wearable devices for the treatment and diagnosis of a variety of ocular diseases. While contact lenses for the treatment of congenital eye diseases such as color vision deficiency (CVD) are reported, they show limited spectral adjustment range and the unavailability of blocking harmful light such as high‐energy blue light (HEBL). In this study, silver nanoparticle (AgNP) based multifunctional contact lenses that can correct various types of CVDs and filter out harmful light are developed. AgNPs are controllably assembled via short‐peptide‐induced diffusion‐limited aggregation and then integrated into the contact lenses. By varying the sequence and concentration of the peptides, the extinction value of the nanoparticles can be broadly tuned in the 400–600 nm range. The multifunctional contact lenses thus show wide spectral tunability and are capable of efficiently correcting multiple CVDs and blocking HEBL. The contact lenses are found to have excellent biocompatibility with cell and animal tests. In conclusion, the multifunctional contact lenses provide a candidate for the correction of CVD and protection against HEBL, and pave the way for personalized wearable ophthalmic devices.
Dual‐Bond Confinement Enhanced Polyphosphides Adsorption and Electrochemical Kinetics in Metal Phosphides Anodes for Reversible and Stable Lithium/Sodium Storage
Authors: Cheng Deliang , Lei Li , Li Lintong , Wei Ankai , Ouyang Chuying , Tan Liang , Huang Qiang , Chen Yiwang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetal phosphides exhibit high energy densities as hosts for lithium/sodium storage owing to their conversion reaction mechanism. Nevertheless, they typically suffer from inferior reversibility and cyclability because of the dissolution of polyphosphides and sluggish electrochemical kinetics. Herein, a series of dual‐bond confined MXene‐MxPy‐G composites have been fabricated, in which MxPy nanoparticles are strongly bound with MXene and graphene nanosheets via Ti─P and C‐P bonds. On one hand, the dual‐bond confinement offers strong adsorption to trap polyphosphides, greatly stabilizing the conversion‐formed products during cycling. On the other hand, dual‐bond immobilization largely promotes electron transfer and ion diffusion, facilitating the reversibility of conversion reactions. As anticipated, these MXene‐MxPy‐G hybrids demonstrate superb lithium/sodium‐storage performance. Particularly, as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries, the MXene‐Sn4P3‐G delivers a high initial coulombic efficiency of 90.1% and a high reversible capacity of 1058.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Even tested at high rates of 1.0/2.0 A g−1, it can still maintain high reversible capacities of 820.6/726.5 mAh g−1 after 1450 cycles. When applied in pouch full‐cells and sodium‐ion batteries, it also shows extended cyclic lifespans of 350 and 1200 cycles. This work provides new insights to improve the reversibility and cyclability of conversion‐type anodes.
Bioprinting of Aptamer‐Based Programmable Bioinks to Modulate Multiscale Microvascular Morphogenesis in 4D
Authors: Rana Deepti , Rangel Vincent R. , Padmanaban Prasanna , Trikalitis Vasileios D. , Kandar Ajoy , Kim Hae‐Won , Rouwkema Jeroen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDynamic growth factor presentation influences how individual endothelial cells assemble into complex vascular networks. Here, programmable bioinks are developed that facilitate dynamic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) presentation to guide vascular morphogenesis within 3D‐bioprinted constructs. Aptamer's high affinity is leveraged for rapid VEGF sequestration in spatially confined regions and utilized aptamer‐complementary sequence (CS) hybridization to tune VEGF release kinetics temporally, days after bioprinting. It is shown that spatial resolution of programmable bioink, combined with CS‐triggered VEGF release, significantly influences the alignment, organization, and morphogenesis of microvascular networks in bioprinted constructs. The presence of aptamer‐tethered VEGF and the generation of instantaneous VEGF gradients upon CS‐triggering restricted hierarchical network formation to the printed aptamer regions at all spatial resolutions. Network properties improved as the spatial resolution decreased, with low‐resolution designs yielding the highest network properties. Specifically, CS‐treated low‐resolution designs exhibited significant vascular network remodeling, with an increase in vessel density(1.35‐fold), branching density(1.54‐fold), and average vessel length(2.19‐fold) compared to non‐treated samples. The results suggest that CS acts as an external trigger capable of inducing time‐controlled changes in network organization and alignment on‐demand within spatially localized regions of a bioprinted construct. It is envisioned that these programmable bioinks will open new opportunities for bioengineering functional, hierarchically self‐organized vascular networks within engineered tissues.
Functional Assessment of a Bioprinted Immuno‐Mimetic Peyer's Patch Recapitulating Gut‐Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Authors: Park Jongho , Lee Gihyun , Park Je‐Kyun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGut immune models have attracted much interest in better understanding the microbiome in the human gastrointestinal tract. The gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) has complex structures that interact with microorganisms, including the intestinal monolayer as a physiological barrier and the Peyer's patch (PP) involved in the immune system. Although essential for studying GALT and microbiome interactions, current research often uses simplified models that only recapitulate some components. In this study, GALT is recapitulated to consider the morphology and function of lymphocyte‐containing PP beneath the intestinal monolayer and to analyze microbiome interaction. Using the bioprinting technique, a dome‐shaped structure array for the PP is fabricated, and epithelial cells are cocultured to form the intestinal monolayer. The developed GALT model shows stable cell differentiation on the hydrogel while exhibiting durability against lipopolysaccharides. It also exhibits increased responsiveness to Escherichia coli, as indicated by elevated nitric oxide levels. In addition, the model underscores the critical role of GALT in maintaining bacterial coexistence and in facilitating immune defense against foreign antigens through the secretion of immunoglobulin A by lymphocyte spheroids. The proposed GALT model is expected to provide significant insights into studying the gut‐immune system complexity and microbiome.
K2FeO4‐Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Breast Cancer via In Situ Synthesis of Fe2O3 and O2
Authors: Sun Yi , Peng Xin , Guan Yudong , Su Tong , Xie Zezun , Wu Ziying , Long Yongxuan , Zhu Huihui , Shao Jie , Mai Xiaoli , Shi Xuzhi , Wu Tingting , Teng Zhaogang , Zhang Bing , Chen Kun , Xin Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic Therapy (PDT) offers a promising minimally invasive treatment for breast cancer, but its efficacy is limited by the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME), including hypoxia and high glutathione (GSH) levels. Although various strategies to improve oxygen concentration or reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) resistance for enhanced PDT have been explored, they typically require intricate design and complex synthesis of multifunctional nanocarriers. Thus, this study introduces a facile K2FeO4‐induced strategy to enhance PDT efficiency in breast cancer through the tumor in situ synthesis of Fe2O3 and O2. Inspired by the successful application of K2FeO4 in ecological remediation and hemostasis, K2FeO4 reacts with GSH, biological system, H2O2, and water, to generate Fe2O3 and O2. Intratumoral injection of K2FeO4 improves the TME, followed by Ce6 administration to enhance PDT through synergistic ferroptosis. This approach boosts PDT efficacy significantly by increasing ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and inhibiting GSH and GPX4. Proteomic analysis revealed alterations in key pathways, including endocytosis and energy metabolism. This K2FeO4‐PDT strategy creates a positive feedback loop by enhancing oxidative stress, providing an interesting and promising approach to PDT.
Three‐Level Chirality Transfer and Amplification in Liquid Crystal Supramolecular Assembly for Achieving Full‐Color and White Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Wang Xujie , Gao Xinhui , Zhong Hai , Yang Kai , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChiral liquid crystal supramolecular assembly provides an ideal strategy for constructing excellent circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials. However, the chirality transfer in chiral liquid crystals normally occurs at two levels from the configurational chirality to the supramolecular phase chirality. The more precise and more levels of chirality transmission are fascinating but remain challenging. The present work reports the first success of three‐level chirality transfer and amplification from configurationally point chirality of small molecules to conformationally helical chirality of helical polymers and finally to supramolecular phase chirality of cholesteric liquid crystals composed of chiral nonfluorescent polymers (P46) and nematic liquid crystals. Noticeably, the helical twisting power of P46 is five‐fold larger than its monomer. Full‐color and white CPL with maximum luminescence dissymmetry factor up to 1.54 and photoluminescence quantum yield up to 63.8% are realized utilizing helical supramolecular assembly combined with selective reflection mechanism. Also significantly, the electrically stimuli‐responsive CPL switching device as well as anti‐counterfeiting security, information encryption, and chiral logic gate applications are developed. This study deepens the understanding of chirality transfer and amplification across different hierarchical levels.
2D Multifunctional Phototransistor Based on MoTe2/Graphene/SnS0.25Se0.75 Heterostructure with High Photogain and Reconfigurable Polarized Detection
Authors: Gao Jiahao , Tao Lin , Chen Jianru , Huang Jianming , Zhou Yao , Yang Mengmeng , Sun Yiming , Huo Nengjie , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Luo Dongxiang , Gao Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract2D van der Waals (vdWs) heterojunctions exhibit facile fabrication process and tunable optoelectronic properties. However, suppressing interfacial charge traps and multifunctional photoresponse remain significant challenges. Here, the study designs a 2D multifunctional phototransistor based on ambipolar MoTe2/graphene (Gr)/p‐type SnS0.25Se0.75 double vdWs vertical heterostructure via alloy engineering. The middle Gr interlayer is pivotal in reducing interfacial charge traps, facilitating vertical photocarrier transportation, and enhancing light absorption coefficient. Under photogating effect, the trapped electrons in SnS0.25Se0.75 promote the photogating effect, resulting in the maximum photogain of 8084 and specific detectivity (D*) of 8.2 × 1012 Jones. Under photoconductive effect, a high responsivity (R) of 36.9 A W−1 and D* of 7.17 × 1011 Jones are achieved. Under photovoltaic effect, the devices exhibit a remarkable R of 501 mA W−1, D* of 1.4 × 1011 Jones. Notably, a self‐driven photocurrent polarized ratio of 8 under 635 nm is achieved because of the anisotropic nature of SnS0.25Se0.75 and the effective double built‐in electric fields. By varying the gate voltage, the polarization ratio can be modulated from 1 to 2.5, enabling reconfigurable polarized‐sensitive detection. Above all, the designed heterojunction with multifunctional and reconfigurable polarization detection.
Beating the Odds with Binuclear N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Metallacycles: A Practical and Efficient Full‐Color Tunable Fluorescence System
Authors: Wang Chaoyu , Duan Lixin , Chai Qiongjie , Ma Yanzhe , Qian Dongjin , Tu Tao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAchieving full‐color emission with just two emitters presents a significant challenge. Two N‐heterocyclic carbene metallacycles (NHC‐M; M ═ Ag, Au) featuring a tetraphenylethene core, combining covalent and coordination bonds are synthesized to restrict rotation within the NHC‐M‐BC (BC = bicyclic) metallacycles and greatly enhanced their quantum yields. The enhancement is accomplished by adjusting the CH3CN/H2O solvent mixture, allowing emission tuning from blue to green for NHC‐Ag‐BC. Further diversification of the emission spectrum, including access to high‐quality white light (CIE coordinates 0.33, 0.34), is facilitated through the addition of sulforhodamine B via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The compatibility of NHC‐Ag‐BC with agarose gel extends its applicability to UV‐LEDs chromic coatings, as well as information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting materials. The results underscore the viability of dual‐fluorophore systems for achieving full‐color emission and highlight the potential for developing versatile, multi‐colored functional materials.
Inhibiting Cation Segregation to Enable Highly Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Dong Chaomin , Chen Guoyi , Yao Fang , yu Zhiqiu , Dong Kailian , Du Shengjie , Huang Lishuai , Wang Cheng , Wang Ti , Wang Shuxin , Ke Weijun , Fang Guojia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) present potential applications for next‐generation displays due to their excellent luminescent properties and solution processing. The formamidinium‐caesium lead bromide (FAxCs1−xPbBr3) mixed cation strategy is one of the primary methods to achieve high‐performance of Cs‐dominate PeLEDs system. However, the inhomogeneous distribution of cations is detrimental to the photoelectronic performance of Cs‐dominated PeLEDs. Here, in mixed FA/Cs perovskite films, it is observed that Cs, Br and trace Pb elements precipitated on the surface of the perovskite films. It is found that the segregation of cations is induced by the uncontrollable crystallization process of Cs/FA cations. By introducing biuret additive, the hydrogen bonding interaction of biuret and FA cation balances crystallization rate, which therefore significantly improves the crystal quality and cations distribution of perovskite films. As a result, green PeLEDs with a high external quantum efficiency of 28.8% are obtained, and represent five times enhancement in half‐life time (T50) of 2.48 h at an initial luminance of 100 cd m−2 relative to the control device. The results help to understand the relationship between cationic distribution and PeLEDs properties, offering significant insights for modulating the performance of PeLEDs.