bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A trial engagement? Innovative free and other service trials
Authors: Bednall David H.B. , Oppewal Harmen , Laochumnanvanit Krongjit , Nguyen Cuc 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to discover how consumers process an innovative set of systematically varied service trial offers and how this affects their learning and interaction as precursors to customer engagement.

Design/methodology/approach
The research uses experiments that manipulate pricing, type of service and delivery method. A repeated-measures design was used with a sample of 396 participants.

Findings
Free (as opposed to cost or full price) service trials were more likely to be accepted, with perceived truthfulness of the trial offer and perceived obligation mediating the relationship. Credence service trials generate higher levels of perceived obligation than experience service trial offers, while personal services are more likely to lead to trial adoption.

Research limitations/implications
The research can be extended to well-recognized brands and further mixed service contexts.

Practical implications
Trial offers of new services are best targeted at buyers who are in the likely buyer group. The trial offer may accelerate time to purchase and relieve perceived risks. The trials of credence services need further signals of quality in the trial itself for consumers to adopt the full service. With personal service trials, skeptical consumers need assurance as to what will happen after the trial experience. Free trials may actually devalue a service, threatening engagement.

Originality/value
Uniquely, service trial offers are systematically manipulated using experience versus credence and personal versus impersonal trials to determine their effect on acceptance of the trial offer and the full service. Additionally, the study compares free, cost price and full price trial offers.
Corporate characteristics and leverage: evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Rouf Md. Abdur 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to determine the influence of various corporate characteristics such as total assets (TA), total sales (TSE), return on assets (ROA), return on sales (ROS), liquidity and age on leverage of the listed non-financial companies in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE).

Design/methodology/approach
A non-probability sampling technique has been used in this study, and the leverage of 106 companies listed in the DSE has been examined for the time period 2011-2015. Multiple regression models are used to estimate the influence of corporate characteristics on leverage and leverage is measured by the debt ratio, that is, total liabilities divided by total assets (TA).

Findings
The results obtained from the regression models show that TA, ROA and age are negatively and significantly related to the leverage of companies.

Research limitations/implications
Considering only non-financial companies as the sample is a limitation. Hence, the results may not extend across all listed companies in Bangladesh. The study explores only six corporate characteristics variables; other factors influencing the leverage of the firm such as the number of foreign shareholders, ownership structure and auditors’ opinion could be explored in further studies.

Originality/value
The finding of this study contributes to the regulators and enforcement agencies such as Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Bangladesh (ICMAB), Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh (ICAB), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the DSE. It will enable the regulatory agencies to aim at greater compliance with the local and international standards and also enforce penalties for non-compliance.
CeO2/TiO2 core/shell nanoparticles as quantitative gas sensor at room temperature
Authors: Samadi Susan , Asadi Cordshooli Ghasem , Yousefi Mohammad , Kalateh Khadijeh , Zakaria SeyedAmirabbas 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce constructed CeO2/TiO2 core/shell nanoparticle as sensitive substance organic compounds.

Design/methodology/approach
The CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment. Then CeO2/TiO2 core/shell was fabricated by sol–gel method preparation of TiO2 in the presence of ceria nanoparticles and applied as the sensitive material to make a sensor.

Findings
Formation of the nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The synthesized sensor exhibited not only good sensitivity to volatile organic compounds at room temperature but also logarithm of sensitivity versus concentrations was linear.

Research limitations/implications
The sensor shows acceptable sensitivity to volatile organic compound at room temperature.

Practical implications
Experimental data revealed satisfactory reproducibility and short response and recovery times.

Originality/value
A radical mechanism for gas sensor reaction in two pathways was considered and activation energies were calculated by density functional theory (DFT) method to describe different sensitivities of tested volatile gases. The experimental results were consistent with the calculations.
Secured data aggregation in wireless sensor networks
Authors: D. Sathya , P. Ganesh Kumar 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis study aims to provide a secured data aggregation with reduced energy consumption in WSN. Data aggregation is the process of reducing communication overhead in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Presently, securing data aggregation is an important research issue in WSNs due to two facts: sensor nodes deployed in the sensitive and open environment are easily targeted by adversaries, and the leakage of aggregated data causes damage in the networks, and these data cannot be retrieved in a short span of time. Most of the traditional cryptographic algorithms provide security for data aggregation, but they do not reduce energy consumption.Design/methodology/approachNowadays, the homomorphic cryptosystem is used widely to provide security with low energy consumption, as the aggregation is performed on the ciphertext without decryption at the cluster head. In the present paper, the Paillier additive homomorphic cryptosystem and Bonehet al.’s aggregate signature method are used to encrypt and to verify aggregate data at the base station.FindingsThe combination of the two algorithms reduces computation time and energy consumption when compared with the state-of-the-art techniques.Practical implicationsThe secured data aggregation is useful in health-related applications, military applications, etc.Originality/valueThe new combination of encryption and signature methods provides confidentiality and integrity. In addition, it consumes less computation time and energy consumption than existing methods.
Fall prevention for people with learning disabilities: key points and recommendations for practitioners and researchers
Authors: Finlayson Janet 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a narrative review of what is currently known about the high rates of falls, and fall injuries, which are experienced by people with learning disabilities (LDs) throughout their lives.

Design/methodology/approach
Narrative review. Current evidence is summarised as key points and recommendations for practitioners and researchers.

Findings
People with LDs experience similar rates of falls as older adults in the wider population, but throughout their lives, or at an earlier age.

Originality/value
Key points and recommendations are summarised for practitioners and researchers to promote fall prevention strategies and interventions for people with LDs.
Investigation of the language tasks to include in a short‐language measure for children in the early school years
Authors: Matov Jessica , Mensah Fiona , Cook Fallon , Reilly Sheena 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe inaccurate estimation of language difficulties by teachers suggests the benefit of a short‐language measure that could be used to support their decisions about who requires referral to a speech–language therapist. While the literature indicates the potential for the development of a short‐language measure, evidence is lacking about which combination of language tasks it should include.AimsTo understand the number and nature of components/language tasks that should be included in a short‐language measure for children in the early school years.Methods & ProceduresEight language tasks were administered to participants of the Early Language in Victoria Study (ELVS) at ages 5 (n = 995) and 7 (n = 1217). These included six language tasks measured by an omnibus language measure (which comprised a direction‐following, morphological‐completion, sentence‐recall, sentence‐formation, syntactic‐understanding and word‐association task) and a non‐word repetition and a receptive vocabulary task, measured by two task‐specific language measures. Scores were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), the Bland and Altman method, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Outcomes & ResultsPCA revealed one main component of language that was assessed by all language tasks. The most effective combination of two tasks that measured this component was a direction‐following and a sentence‐recall task. It showed the greatest agreement with an omnibus language measure and exceeded the criterion for good discriminant accuracy (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 91%, accuracy = 91%, at 1 SD (standard deviation) below the mean).Conclusions & ImplicationsFindings support the combination of a direction‐following and a sentence‐recall task to assess language ability effectively in the early school years. The results could justify the future production of a novel short‐language measure comprising a direction‐following and a sentence‐recall task to use as a screening tool in schools and to assess language ability in research participants.
Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the origin and incidence of sperm intranuclear cytoplasmic retention in fertile and teratozoospermia men
Authors: Zhu W.‐J. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe human sperm nucleus contains cytoplasm. However, the origin and incidence of human sperm intranuclear cytoplasmic retention (INCR) remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to observe the morphological origin of INCR within the seminiferous epithelium and investigate the incidence of INCR in fertile and teratozoospermia men using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By TEM, INCR initially appeared in elongating round spermatid nuclei and varied in size, number, shape, content, location and distribution within sperm nuclei. The teratozoospermia group (n = 16) demonstrated a higher incidence of INCR than did the fertile group (n = 16) (17.6 ± 5.2% vs. 9.7 ± 3.4%; p = 0.000). In the fertile group, no correlations were found between the incidence of INCR and abnormal sperm morphology, nuclear vacuole, acrosome integrity, motility or concentration (p > 0.05). However, the incidence of INCR exhibited a positive relationship with sperm abnormal morphology in the teratozoospermia group (r = 0.616, p = 0.011). These results demonstrate that INCR occurs in the early process of spermatogenesis and is an alteration found in the nucleus. Spermatozoa from teratozoospermia men contained more INCRs than those from fertile males. More attention should be paid to the possibility of spermatozoa containing INCR when using spermatozoa with abnormal head morphology for clinical or diagnostic purposes.
Sperm morphological normality under high magnification is correlated to male infertility and predicts embryo development
Authors: Zanetti B. F. , Braga D. P. A. F. , Provenza R. R. , Figueira R. C. S. , Iaconelli A. , Borges E. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryHuman sperm morphology has been described as an essential parameter for the diagnosis of male infertility and a prognostic indicator of natural or assisted pregnancies. Nevertheless, standard morphological assessment remains a subjective analysis and its impact on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is also of limited value. The objective of this prospective cohort study was to investigate whether motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME) can improve semen analysis by better defining male infertility and providing a better prognosis for ICSI up to a year later. Data were obtained from 483 patients undergoing conventional semen analysis from June 2015 to June 2017 in a private university‐affiliated in vitro fertilization (IVF) center. The correlation of MSOME with seminal parameters was evaluated. One hundred and thirty patients underwent ICSI up to a year later, and the correlation between MSOME and ICSI outcomes was established. Except for volume, all seminal parameters were positively correlated with MSOME I+II. MSOME was also distinct between World Health Organization (WHO) classification groups, with normozoospermic and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic presenting the higher and the lower proportion of MSOME I+II, respectively. MSOME I+II was prognostic for fertilization rate, high‐quality cleavage‐stage embryos rate, and blastocyst rate. The normality cutoff value based on blastocyst rate was MSOME I+II≥ 5.5%. MSOME could be a useful tool for the diagnosis of infertility severity as it is correlated with sperm morphology, motility, and concentration. Men who had higher MSOME I+II had better ICSI outcomes. The future use of MSOME as a routine method for semen analysis may be a reliable form of assessing male infertility.
Glucagon‐like peptide 2 decreases osteoclasts by stimulating apoptosis dependent on nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Lu Yi , Lu Dongdong , Hu Yu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesGlucagon‐like peptide 2 (GLP2) is involved in the regulation of energy absorption and metabolism. Despite the importance of theGLP2 signalling mechanisms on osteoclast, little has been studied on howGLP2 works during osteoclastogenesis.Materials and MethodsRAW264.7 cells were infected withrLV‐Green‐GLP2. The induction of osteoclasts was performed byRANKL.TRAPwere detected byRT‐PCR, Western blotting and staining. Total nitric oxide and totalNOSactivity were measured. Cells apoptosis was detected by Hoest33258 and Annix V staining. Animal test, chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP), co‐immunoprecipitation(IP) and luciferase reporter assay were also performed.ResultsWe indicate thatGLP2 is associated with osteoporosis‐related factors in aged rats, includingBALP,TRAP,IL6,TNFα, Nitric Oxide (NO),iNOS, calcitonin and occludin. Moreover,GLP2 is demonstrated to result in negative action during proliferation of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive (TRAP+) osteoclasts. Furthermore,GLP2 decreases osteoclasts induced from monocyte/macrophage cellsRAW264.7 as well as the serumTRAPactivity in aged rats. Mechanistic investigations revealGLP2 enhances the expression ofiNOSthrough stimulating the activity ofTGFβ‐Smad2/3 signalling in osteoclasts. In particular, inhibition ofTGFβ fully abrogates this function ofGLP2 in osteoclasts. Strikingly, overexpression ofGLP2 significantly increases the product of nitric oxide viaiNOSwhich promotes apoptosis of osteoclasts by decreasing bcl2 or increasing caspase3. Thereby, the ability ofGLP2 to regulate apoptosis depends onTGFβ‐Smad2/3‐iNOS‐NOsignalling pathway since totalNOSinhibitor L‐NMMAspecifically inhibits the actions by GLP2.ConclusionsGLP2 induces apoptosis viaTGFβ‐Smad2/3 signalling, which contributes to the inhibition of the proliferation of osteoclasts and which may provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Natural fruits, flowers, honey, and honeybees harborHelicobacter pylori‐positive yeasts
Authors: Siavoshi Farideh , Sahraee Marzieh , Ebrahimi Hoda , Sarrafnejad Abdolfatah , Saniee Parastoo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundFor controllingHelicobacter pyloriinfection in humans, its environmental reservoir should be determined. In this study, yeast isolates from an isolated village in Iran were studied for the intracellular occurrence ofH. pylori.Materials and MethodsIn this study, yeasts were isolated from 29 samples, including oral swabs from villagers (n = 7), flowers and fruits (n = 6), honey and honeybees (n = 12) and miscellaneous samples (4). Yeasts were classified into 12RFLPgroups and identified by amplification of26SrDNAand sequencing.DNAextracted from the yeast cells was examined for the presence ofH. pyloriusingPCR.ResultsOf the 29 yeasts, 27 were members of different genera ofAscomycete.H. pyloriwas detected in 5 of 9Candida(55.5%), 4 of 5Komagataella(80%), 3 of 4Pichia(100%), 2 of 2Cytobasidia(100%), 2 of 2Hansenia(100%), 1 of 1Meyerozyma(100%) and 2 of 3 not sequenced (66.6%) yeasts. Distribution of 19 of 29 (65.5%)H. pylori‐positive yeasts within 4 groups was as follows: 1 of 7(14.3%) in oral swabs, 5 of 6 (83.3%) in flowers and fruits, 10 of 12 (83.3%) in honey and the bee group and 3 of 4 (75%) in miscellaneous.ConclusionsDifferent genera of osmotolerant yeasts from flowers, fruits, honey, and honeybees containedH. pyloriin their vacuole. High frequency ofH. pylori‐positive yeasts in these samples might be related to their high sugar content. Insects such as honeybees that facilitate transfer and easy access of these yeasts to nectars serve as the main reservoirs of these yeasts, playing an important role in their protection and dispersal. Accordingly,H. pyloriinside these yeasts can be carried by honeybees to different sugar‐ and nutrient‐rich environments. Sugar‐rich environments and honeybees play an important role in distribution ofH. pylori‐positive yeasts in nature.
Bicuspid Axial Wall Height Effect on CAD/CAM Crown Fracture Mode on Preparations Containing Advanced Total Occlusal Convergence
Authors: Miller Matthew , DuVall Nicholas , Brewster John , Wajdowicz Michael N. , Harris Ashley , Roberts Howard W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate bicuspid axial wall height effect on the fracture mode of adhesively luted, all‐ceramic CAD/CAM crowns with a 20° total occlusal convergence (TOC).Materials and MethodsRecently extracted premolars were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 12) with all‐ceramic crown preparations accomplished using a high‐speed handpiece inserted into a milling device. Specimens were prepared containing occlusogingival axial wall heights of 3, 2, and 1 mm as well as a group containing a flat preparation surface with no axial wall height. All preparations contained a 20° TOC. Completed preparation surface area was determined, and preparation features confirmed using a digital measuring microscope. Scanned preparations (CEREC) were fitted with milled and crystallized lithium disilicate full coverage restorations and luted with a self‐etching adhesive resin cement after hydrofluoric acid etching and silanation. All manufacturer recommendations were followed. Specimens were stored at 37°C/98% humidity for 24 hours. Specimens were tested to failure at a 45° angle to the long axis of the tooth root on a universal testing machine. Failure load was converted to MPa using the available bonding surface area with mean data analyzed using Kruskal‐Wallis/Dunn's (p = 0.05)ResultsThe 3 mm preparation height specimens were similar to the 2 mm specimens, and both demonstrated significantly stronger failure load than the 1 mm axial wall height and flat preparation specimens. The flat preparation and 1 mm axial wall height specimens all failed adhesively, while the 2 mm and 3 mm specimens failed largely due to tooth fracture.ConclusionsFurther evidence is provided that CAD/CAM adhesive techniques may compensate for less than ideal preparation features. Under the conditions of this study, bicuspid preparations with a 20° TOC restored with adhesively luted, CAD/CAM e.max CAD crowns require at least 2 mm of axial wall height, but further planned fatigue studies are necessary before definitive recommendations can be made.
Bone Strength and Exercise During Youth—The Year That Was 2017
Authors: Janz Kathleen F. , Baptista Fatima 
Published: February 2018

The positive effects of physical activity on bone strength are certain. However, researchers have yet to precisely quantify the contribution of specific characteristics of physical activity that affect bone strength in children and adolescents. This commentary highlights 2 noteworthy 2017 publications that addressed osteogenic physical activity dose–response issues. Both papers moved the field forward by providing new insights on physical activity exposures beyond high-impact loading. Koedijk et al’s paper was selected because, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first systematic review to solely examine associations between sedentary behavior and indicators of bone strength. The second selected paper, Gabel et al, used novel approaches in accelerometer processing and statistical modeling to separate the osteogenic effects of frequency of short bouts of physical activity from total volume of physical activity. As such, the authors of this paper begin to explore in youth what animal models have shown for some time, that is, optimal bone adaptation requires the correct combination of intensity, frequency, duration, nonrepetitive movement, and rest. Together, these papers signal new and important approaches for the conceptualization, measurement, and interpretation of osteogenic physical activity.
Fibronectin Facilitates Enterovirus 71 Infection by Mediating Viral Entry
Authors: He Qiao-qiao , Ren Sheng , Xia Zhang-chuan , Cheng Zhi-kui , Peng Nan-fang , Zhu Ying 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Fibronectin (FN) is a high-molecular-weight extracellular matrix protein that contains the RGDS motif, which is required to bind to integrins. Synthetic RGDS peptides have been reported to compete with FN to bind to the cell surface and inhibit the function of FN. Here, we identified that synthetic RGDS peptides significantly inhibit human enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in cell cultures. In addition, mice treated with RGDS peptides and infected with EV71 had a significantly higher survival rate and a lower viral load than the control group. Because RGDS peptides affect the function of FN, we questioned whether FN may play a role in virus infection. Our study indicates that overexpression of FN enhanced EV71 infection. In contrast, knockout of FN significantly reduced viral yield and decreased the viral binding to host cells. Furthermore, EV71 entry, rather than intracellular viral replication, was blocked by FN inhibitor pretreatment. Next, we found that FN could interact with the EV71 capsid protein VP1, and further truncated-mutation assays indicated that the D2 domain of FN could interact with the N-terminal fragment of VP1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the host factor FN binds to EV71 particles and facilitates EV71 entry, providing a potential therapy target for EV71 infection.

IMPORTANCE
Hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreaks have occurred frequently in recent years, sometimes causing severe neurological complications and even death in infants and young children worldwide. Unfortunately, no effective antiviral drugs are available for human enterovirus 71 (EV71), one of the viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease. The infection process and the host factors involved remain unknown, although several receptors have been identified. In this study, we found that the host factor fibronectin (FN) facilitated EV71 replication by interacting with EV71 particles and further mediated their entry. The RGDS peptide, an FN inhibitor, significantly inhibited EV71 replication in both RD cells and mice. In conclusion, our research identified a new host factor involved in EV71 infection, providing a new potential antiviral target for EV71 treatment.