bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticancer Activity of Novel Gabexate Mesilate Mimetics in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Khan Amber , Wani Mohmmad Younus , Al‐Bogami Abdullah Saad , Subramanian Kumar , Kandhavelu Jeyalakshmi , Ruff Paul , Penny Clement 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite there being significant advances in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatments, recurrence and chemoresistance remain a challenge in the treatment of patients. During the process of autophagy, cancer cells acquire anoikis resistance and escape chemotherapy. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a key mediator of autophagy and can be exploited to develop effective targeted anticancer therapies. Gabexate mesilate (GM) used in the treatment of pancreatitis is both a synthetic inhibitor of HMGB1 and of metastasis. Structural analogues of GM hold promise to suppress HMGB1 functionality to arrest cancer growth, recurrence and resistance mechanisms. We synthesized structural GM mimetics (GMMs) and evaluated their anticancer activity. Considering the critical role of HMGB1 in the cell cycle, we analyzed cell cycle response to active GMMs in CRC cells in a Muse flow cell analyzer. Docking studies were further performed to predict the binding modes and affinity of active GMM for HMGB1. A total of thirteen GMMs were synthesized and their anticancer activity was evaluated on each of the SW480, HT29 and DLD1 CRC cell lines. Of the 13‐novel synthetic GMMs assessed, A1, A2, A3 and A6 were found to be the most active, with anticancer inhibitory concentrations (IC80) of 250–500μg/mL. Treatment with active GMM′s resulted in CRC cells being arrested mainly in preparatory phases of the cell cycle. Docking studies established that the active GMMs possessed specific binding affinity with the target, compared to the inactive GMM.
Dibenzo[a, c]phenazine‐Based Donor‐Acceptor (D–A) Tetra Branched Molecules: Fine Tuning of Optical Properties
Authors: Boxi Shatabdi , Jana Debabrata , Parui Partha P. , Ghorai Binay K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFour dibenzo[a, c]phenazine based donor–acceptor tetra branched molecules were synthesized. The optical (including absorption, steady state and time resolved fluorescence) and electrochemical properties of these compounds were investigated. The emitting behavior of these molecules depends on the donor strength of the side‐arms. Tuning of optical properties has been performed by varying side‐arms. Electron deficient 4‐(2‐benzothiazolyl)phenyl side‐arm compound emit light in the blue region. Weak donor (4‐methoxyphenyl substituted) compound shows red shifted emission in green region. With strong donor (thiophene and triphenylamine) substituted compounds exhibits red and orange‐red emission respectively.
Quantitative Determination of Contribution by Enhanced Local Electric Field, Antenna‐Amplified Light Scattering, and Surface Energy Transfer to the Performance of Plasmonic Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Shenghua , Hou Yidong , Xie Wei , Schlücker Sebastian , Yan Feng , Lei Dang Yuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPlasmonic metal nanostructures are widely used as subwavelength light concentrators to enhance light harvesting of organic solar cells through two photophysical effects, including enhanced local electric field (ELEF) and antenna‐amplified light scattering (AALS), while their adverse quenching effect from surface energy transfer (SET) should be suppressed. In this work, a comprehensive study to unambiguously distinguish and quantitatively determine the specific influence and contribution of each effect on the overall performance of organic solar cells incorporated with Ag@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) is presented. By investigating the photon conversion efficiency (PCE) as a function of the SiO2 shell thickness, a strong competition between the ELEF and SET effects in the performance of the devices with the NPs embedded in the active layers is found, leading to a maximum PCE enhancement of 12.4% at the shell thickness of 5 nm. The results give new insights into the fundamental understanding of the photophysical mechanisms responsible for the performance enhancement of plasmonic organic solar cells and provide important guidelines for designing more‐efficient plasmonic solar cells in general.
A Solid‐State Fibriform Supercapacitor Boosted by Host–Guest Hybridization between the Carbon Nanotube Scaffold and MXene Nanosheets
Authors: Yu Chenyang , Gong Yujiao , Chen Ruyi , Zhang Mingyi , Zhou Jinyuan , An Jianing , Lv Fan , Guo Shaojun , Sun Gengzhi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFiber‐shaped supercapacitors with improved specific capacitance and high rate capability are a promising candidate as power supply for smart textiles. However, the synergistic interaction between conductive filaments and active nanomaterials remains a crucial challenge, especially when hydrothermal or electrochemical deposition is used to produce a core (fiber)–shell (active materials) fibrous structure. On the other hand, although 2D pseudocapacitive materials, e.g., Ti3C2T
x
(MXene), have demonstrated high volumetric capacitance, high electrical conductivity, and hydrophilic characteristics, MXene‐based electrodes normally suffer from poor rate capability owing to the sheet restacking especially when the loading level is high and solid‐state gel is used as electrolyte. Herein, by hosting MXene nanosheets (Ti3C2T
x
) in the corridor of a scrolled carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffold, a MXene/CNT fiber with helical structure is successfully fabricated. These features offer open spaces for rapid ion diffusion and guarantee fast electron transport. The solid‐state supercapacitor based on such hybrid fibers with gel electrolyte coating exhibits a volumetric capacitance of 22.7 F cm−3 at 0.1 A cm−3 with capacitance retention of 84% at current density of 1.0 A cm−3 (19.1 F cm−3), improved volumetric energy density of 2.55 mWh cm−3 at the power density of 45.9 mW cm−3, and excellent mechanical robustness.
Correct‐by‐construction specification to verified code
Authors: Ge Ning , Dieumegard Arnaud , Jenn Eric , Voisin Laurent 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEvent‐B is a formal notation and method for the systems development. The key feature of this method is to produce correct‐by‐construction system designs. Once the correct design is established, the remaining work is to generate or implement correct code from the design. Two main problems remain in the process from the correct‐by‐construction design to the correct software. First, the Event‐B design is “quasi‐correct” due to some technical limitations. For instance, it is still difficult to prove the liveness properties by the Rodin platform; it is not possible to construct the Event‐B design with floating‐point arithmetic, and sometimes, the Event‐B model is incomplete and must rely on the third‐party libraries. Therefore, a method is needed to complement these modeling and proof gaps. Secondly, proving the correctness of an automatic code generator is very difficult; therefore, a method is needed to guarantee the correctness of the produced code without proving the code generator. In this article, we address the above 2 problems by introducing an intermediate formal language called High‐Level Language (HLL) between the Event‐B models and the C code. The Event‐B model is translated to HLL with an additional schedule configuration, where Event‐B invariants and system invariants (here, deadlock‐freeness and liveness properties) are proved using a SAT‐based model checker called S3. This proof guarantees the correctness of the HLL model with respect to the Event‐B model. The C code is then automatically generated from the HLL model for most functions and is manually implemented for the third‐party ones according to the function contracts defined in Event‐B. The correctness of the generated C code is guaranteed using the equivalence proof, and the correctness of the implemented C code is guaranteed using the conformance proof. Through the article, we use a traffic light controller to illustrate the proposed method; then, we apply the method to an automatic protection function of a 3‐wheeled robot to evaluate its feasibility.
Tick‐borne relapsing fever as a potential veterinary medical problem
Authors: Elelu Nusirat 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTick‐borne relapsing fever (TBRF) caused by the bacteria Borrelia, is poorly documented in veterinary medicine. Given the widespread presence of the soft tick vectors – Ornithodoros and the recently discovered hard tick vectors, as well as their close association with animal hosts, it is highly likely that infection occurs, but is rarely reported to be of veterinary importance. Sporadic reports of canine infection, some being fatal through to probable cause of abortion in horses have been published. Some of these pathogens exist in regions where there are limited diagnostic facilities, hence, they are likely to be missed and their impact on productivity may be unquantified. Here we review available literatures on cases of TBRF in domestic and wild animals in order to show their potential veterinary medical impact. Future efforts using field and laboratory surveys are needed to determine pathogenesis, vector competence and distribution in animals, their impact on animal health and productivity as well as to prevent further spill to the human population, where it is already a public health problem in some parts of the world.
Vortex‐induced vibration of spar platforms for floating offshore wind turbines
Authors: Carlson Daniel W. , Modarres‐Sadeghi Yahya 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn experimental study of flow‐induced oscillations of a floating model spar‐type wind turbine platform was conducted. The model spar consisted of a floating uniform cylinder moored in a water tunnel test section and free to oscillate about its mooring attachment point near the center of mass. For the bare cylinder, periodic oscillations with figure‐eight trajectories were observed over a range of reduced velocities, resembling a lock‐in region. This was shown to be a vortex‐induced vibration response since the oscillation frequencies and the shedding frequencies stayed equal to each other during the lock‐in region. While the lower part of the cylinder was moving upstream at the 2 crossflow extremes of the trajectory, referred to as a counterclockwise (CCW) motion, its upper part experienced clockwise motion. It was hypothesized that the portion of the spar undergoing CCW figure eights is the portion where the flow excites the structure. This hypothesis was then validated by showing that adding helical strakes to the portion of the cylinder with CCW orbital motion suppresses vortex‐induced vibration almost entirely, while adding strakes to the portion with clockwise orbital motion had a minimal influence on the amplitude of response.
From climate to caribou: How manufactured uncertainty is affecting wildlife management
Authors: Boan Julee J. , Malcolm Jay R. , Vanier Mallory D. , Euler Dave L. , Moola Faisal M. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTOver the past decade, declines of Canadian populations of boreal caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) have received considerable attention from scientists, government agencies, environmental nongovernmental organizations, Indigenous communities, and the forest industry. Boreal caribou (also known as boreal woodland caribou) was listed as a threatened species in Canada when the Species at Risk Act came into force in June 2003. Many boreal caribou populations have been shown to be decreasing, in some cases precipitously, and empirical evidence from adult survival and calf recruitment surveys indicates that the cumulative effect of habitat disturbance, including that which results from industrial development, is a key driver in the decline. Yet, as scientific understanding of the decline has become clearer, and agreement among scientists and governments about habitat management requirements has increased, campaigns of denial have intensified in the public sphere. In this paper, we examine parallels with climate change rhetoric prolific in the 2000s and show that willful ignorance disguised as skepticism has resulted in public uncertainty despite robust scientific evidence. We show how these strategies of manufactured uncertainty used in climate change denial campaigns have seeped into wildlife management debates, with pernicious results. In this case, it has successfully delayed efforts to effectively address the decline of boreal caribou, which is protected under federal, provincial, and territorial legislation, and inhibited meaningful dialogue about socially acceptable conservation solutions. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Three‐Dimensional Versus Two‐Dimensional Video‐Assisted Endoscopic Surgery: A Meta‐analysis of Clinical Data
Authors: Liang Hengrui , Liang Wenhua , Lei Zhao , Liu Zhichao , Wang Wei , He Jiaxi , Zeng Yuan , Huang Weizhe , Wang Manting , Chen Yuehan , He Jianxing ,   AME Lung Cancer Cooperative Group
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere have been no studies to systematically evaluate the two display (3D vs. 2D) systems regarding both laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgeries in clinical settings; thus, we conducted one to evaluate the safety and efficacy of different visualization systems (two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional) during endoscopic surgery (laparoscopy or thoracoscopy) in clinical settings.MethodsA comprehensive search of online databases was performed. Perioperative outcomes were synthesized. Cumulative meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the temporal trend of pooled outcomes. Specific subgroups (laparoscopy vs. thoracoscopy, prospective vs. retrospective study, malignant vs. benign diseases) were examined. Meta‐regression was conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity.ResultsTwenty‐three articles were considered in this analysis, of which 7 were thoracoscopic and 16 were laparoscopic surgeries. A total of 2930 patients were recorded, of which 1367 underwent 3D video‐assisted surgery and 1563 underwent 2D display. Overall, significantly shorter operating time (SMD −0.69; p = <0.001), less blood loss (SMD −0.26; p = 0.028) and shorter hospital stays (SMD −0.16; p = 0.016) were found in the 3D display group. Meanwhile, the perioperative morbidity (OR 0.92; p = 0.487), retrieved lymph nodes (SMD 0.09; p = 0.081), drainage duration (SMD −0.15; p = 0.105) and drainage volume (SMD 0.00; p = 0.994) were similar between the two groups. Comparison of the overall outcomes in each subset showed consistency in all groups.ConclusionsThis up‐to‐date meta‐analysis reveals that the 3D display system is superior to the 2D system in clinical settings with significantly shorter operating time, less blood loss and shorter hospital stay. These findings suggest that, in laparoscopic or thoracoscopic surgeries, 3D endoscopic system is preferable when condition permits. Future efforts should be made on decreasing the side effects of 3D display and increasing its cost‐effectiveness.
The ground of ground, essence, and explanation
Authors: Wallner Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper is about the so-called meta-grounding question, i.e. the question of what grounds grounding facts of the sort ‘ϕis grounded inΓ’. An answer to this question is pressing since some plausible assumptions about grounding and fundamentality entail that grounding facts must be grounded. There are three different accounts on the market which each answer the meta-grounding question differently: Bennett’s and deRosset’s “Straight Forward Account” (SFA), Litland’s “Zero-Grounding Account” (ZGA), and “Grounding Essentialism” (GE). I argue that if grounding is to be regarded as metaphysical explanation (i.e. ifunionismis true), (GE) is to be preferred over (ZGA) and (SFA) as only (GE) is compatible with a crucial consequence of the thought that groundingismetaphysical explanation. In this manner the paper contributes not only to discussions about the ground of ground but also to the ongoing debate concerning the relationship between ground, essence, and explanation.
8 million phenological and sky images from 29 ecosystems from the Arctic to the tropics: the Phenological Eyes Network
Authors: Nagai Shin , Akitsu Tomoko , Saitoh Taku M. , Busey Robert C. , Fukuzawa Karibu , Honda Yoshiaki , Ichie Tomoaki , Ide Reiko , Ikawa Hiroki , Iwasaki Akira , Iwao Koki , Kajiwara Koji , Kang Sinkyu , Kim Yongwon , Khoon Kho Lip , Kononov Alexander V. , Kosugi Yoshiko , Maeda Takahisa , Mamiya Wataru , Matsuoka Masayuki , Maximov Trofim C. , Menzel Annette , Miura Tomoaki , Mizunuma Toshie , Morozumi Tomoki , Motohka Takeshi , Muraoka Hiroyuki , Nagano Hirohiko , Nakai Taro , Nakaji Tatsuro , Oguma Hiroyuki , Ohta Takeshi , Ono Keisuke , Pungga Runi Anak Sylvester , Petrov Roman E. , Sakai Rei , Schunk Christian , Sekikawa Seikoh , Shakhmatov Ruslan , Son Yowhan , Sugimoto Atsuko , Suzuki Rikie , Takagi Kentaro , Takanashi Satoru , Tei Shunsuke , Tsuchida Satoshi , Yamamoto Hirokazu , Yamasaki Eri , Yamashita Megumi , Yoon Tae Kyung , Yoshida Toshiya , Yoshimura Mitsunori , Yoshitake Shinpei , Wilkinson Matthew , Wingate Lisa , Nasahara Kenlo Nishida 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report long‐term continuous phenological and sky images taken by time‐lapse cameras through the Phenological Eyes Network (http://www.pheno‐eye.org. Accessed 29 May 2018) in various ecosystems from the Arctic to the tropics. Phenological images are useful in recording the year‐to‐year variability in the timing of flowering, leaf‐flush, leaf‐coloring, and leaf‐fall and detecting the characteristics of phenological patterns and timing sensitivity among species and ecosystems. They can also help interpret variations in carbon, water, and heat cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, and be used to obtain ground‐truth data for the validation of satellite‐observed products. Sky images are useful in continuously recording atmospheric conditions and obtaining ground‐truth data for the validation of cloud contamination and atmospheric noise present in satellite remote‐sensing data. We have taken sky, forest canopy, forest floor, and shoot images of a range of tree species and landscapes, using time‐lapse cameras installed on forest floors, towers, and rooftops. In total, 84 time‐lapse cameras at 29 sites have taken 8 million images since 1999. Our images provide (1) long‐term, continuous detailed records of plant phenology that are more quantitative than in situ visual phenological observations of index trees; (2) basic information to explain the responsiveness, vulnerability, and resilience of ecosystem canopies and their functions and services to changes in climate; and (3) ground‐truthing for the validation of satellite remote‐sensing observations.
Aboveground, belowground biomass and nutrients pool in Salicornia brachiata at coastal area of India: interactive effects of soil characteristics
Authors: Chaudhary Doongar Ram , Rathore Aditya Prakash , Jha Bhavanath 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe present study determined the plant biomass (aboveground and belowground) of Salicornia brachiata from six different salt marshes distributed in Indian coastal area over one growing season (September 2014–May 2015). The nutrients concentration and their pools were estimated in plant as well as soil. Belowground biomass in S. brachiata was usually lower than the aboveground biomass. Averaged over different locations, highest biomass was observed in the month of March (2.1 t ha−1) followed by May (1.64 t ha−1), February (1.60 t ha−1), November (0.82 t ha−1) and September (0.05 t ha−1). The averaged aboveground to belowground ratio was 12.0. Aboveground and belowground biomass were negatively correlated with pH of soil, while positively with soil electrical conductivity. Further, there were positive relationships between organic carbon and belowground biomass; and available sodium and aboveground biomass. The nutrient pools in aboveground were always higher than to belowground biomass. Aboveground pools of carbon (543 kg ha−1), nitrogen (48 kg ha−1), phosphorus (4 kg ha−1), sodium (334 kg ha−1) and potassium (37 kg ha−1) were maximum in the month of March 2015. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors for sodium of S. brachiata were more than one showing tolerance to salinity and capability of phytoremediation for the saline soil.
CLOSED-MINDEDNESS AND DOGMATISM
Authors: Battaly Heather 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe primary goal of this paper is to propose a working analysis of the disposition of closed-mindedness. I argue that closed-mindedness (CM) is an unwillingness or inability to engage (seriously) with relevant intellectual options. Dogmatism (DG) is one kind of closed-mindedness: it is an unwillingness to engage seriously with relevant alternatives to the beliefs one already holds. I do not assume that the disposition of closed-mindedness is always an intellectual vice; rather I treat the analysis of the disposition, and its status as an intellectual vice, as separate questions. The concluding section develops a framework for determining the conditions under which closed-mindedness will be an intellectual vice.
Bifurcations and convective instabilities of steady flows in a constricted channel
Authors: Isler João A. , Gioria Rafael S. , Carmo Bruno S. 
Published: June 2018

Stability and nonlinear analyses were employed to study symmetric and asymmetric steady flows through a straight channel with a smooth constriction with 50 % occlusion. Linear stability analysis was carried out to determine the unstable regions and the critical Reynolds numbers for the primary and secondary global instabilities. The primary bifurcation demonstrated an intricate aspect: the three-dimensional modes transfer their energy to the two-dimensional mode, which causes a symmetry breaking of the flow. This behaviour could be observed for Reynolds number lower than the critical, showing that this primary bifurcation is hysteretical. The secondary bifurcation also presented subcritical behaviour, exhibiting a pitchfork diagram with a large hysteretic curve. Given the subcritical character of both bifurcations, the relevance of non-normal growth in these flows were assessed, so that their convective mechanisms were exhaustively investigated. In addition, we could show that, for the secondary instability, optimal initial disturbances with large enough initial energy were able to promote a subcritical nonlinear saturation for a Reynolds number lower than the critical. The physical mechanism behind the transition process occurred by nonlinear interaction between the two- and three-dimensional modes, which established oscillatory behaviour, moreover, this energy exchange between the modes led the flow to the nonlinear saturated state. Therefore, the two-dimensional modes play a key role in the primary and secondary bifurcations of this system.