bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of V˙O2max Responders to Personalized versus Standardized Exercise Prescription
Authors: WEATHERWAX RYAN M. , HARRIS NIGEL K. , KILDING ANDREW E. , DALLECK LANCE C. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Despite knowledge of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) training responders and nonresponders, it is not well understood how the exercise intensity prescription affects the incidence of response. The purpose of this study was to determine CRF training responsiveness based on cohort-specific technical error after 12 wk of standardized or individually prescribed exercise and the use of a verification protocol to confirm maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max).

Methods
Sedentary adult participants (9 men, 30 women; 48.2 ± 12.2 yr) completed exercise training on 3 d·wk−1 for 12 wk, with exercise intensity prescribed based on standardized methods using heart rate reserve or an individualized approach using ventilatory thresholds. A verification protocol was used at baseline and 12 wk to confirm the identification of a true V˙O2max and subsequent relative percent changes to quantify CRF training responsiveness. A cohort-specific technical error (4.7%) was used as a threshold to identify incidence of response.

Results
Relative V˙O2max significantly increased (P < 0.05) from 24.3 ± 4.6 to 26.0 ± 4.2 and 29.2 ± 7.5 to 32.8 ± 8.6 mL·kg−1·min−1 for the standardized and individualized groups, respectively. Absolute V˙O2max significantly increased (P < 0.05) from 2.0 ± 0.6 to 2.2 ± 0.6 and 2.4 ± 0.8 to 2.6 ± 0.9 L·min−1 for the standardized and individualized groups, respectively. A significant difference in responsiveness was found between the individualized and standardized groups with 100% and 60% of participants categorized as responders, respectively.

Conclusions
A threshold model for exercise intensity prescription had a greater effect on the incidence of CRF training response compared with a standardized approach using heart rate reserve. The use of thresholds for intensity markers accounts for individual metabolic characteristics and should be considered as a viable and practical method to prescribe exercise intensity.
Using zebrafish larval models to study brain injury, locomotor and neuroinflammatory outcomes following intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Crilly Siobhan , Njegic Alexandra , Laurie Sarah E. , Fotiou Elisavet , Hudson Georgina , Barrington Jack , Webb Kirsty , Young Helen L. , Badrock Andrew P. , Hurlstone Adam , Rivers-Auty Jack , Parry-Jones Adrian R. , Allan Stuart M. , Kasher Paul R. 
Published: November 2018

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating condition with limited treatment options, and current understanding of pathophysiology is incomplete. Spontaneous cerebral bleeding is a characteristic of the human condition that has proven difficult to recapitulate in existing pre-clinical rodent models. Zebrafish larvae are frequently used as vertebrate disease models and are associated with several advantages, including high fecundity, optical translucency and non-protected status prior to 5 days post-fertilisation. Furthermore, other groups have shown that zebrafish larvae can exhibit spontaneous ICH. The aim of this study was to investigate whether such models can be utilised to study the pathological consequences of bleeding in the brain, in the context of pre-clinical ICH research. Here, we compared existing genetic (bubblehead) and chemically inducible (atorvastatin) zebrafish larval models of spontaneous ICH and studied the subsequent disease processes. Through live, non-invasive imaging of transgenic fluorescent reporter lines and behavioural assessment we quantified brain injury, locomotor function and neuroinflammation following ICH. We show that ICH in both zebrafish larval models is comparable in timing, frequency and location. ICH results in increased brain cell death and a persistent locomotor deficit. Additionally, in haemorrhaged larvae we observed a significant increase in macrophage recruitment to the site of injury. Live in vivo imaging allowed us to track active macrophage-based phagocytosis of dying brain cells 24 hours after haemorrhage. Morphological analyses and quantification indicated that an increase in overall macrophage activation occurs in the haemorrhaged brain. Our study shows that in zebrafish larvae, bleeding in the brain induces quantifiable phenotypic outcomes that mimic key features of human ICH. We hope that this methodology will enable the pre-clinical ICH community to adopt the zebrafish larval model as an alternative to rodents, supporting future high throughput drug screening and as a complementary approach to elucidating crucial mechanisms associated with ICH pathophysiology.
Evaluation of postoperative pain in infected root canals after using double antibiotic paste versus calcium hydroxide as intra-canal medication: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abouelenien Sarah Samir , Ibrahim Salsaby Mohamed , Shaker Olfat Gamil , Ahmed Geraldine Mohamed 
Published: November 2018

Background: Postoperative pain is defined as pain of any degree after initiation of endodontic treatment either intra-appointment or post-obturation and is considered an undesirable occurrence for both patient and dentist. It was suggested that bacterial injury is probably the major cause of pain. Intra-canal medicaments are widely used to kill any bacteria surviving after instrumentation and irrigation. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of double antibiotic paste versus calcium hydroxide used as intra-canal medication in reducing postoperative pain. Methods: 36 patients with single rooted necrotic premolars with apical periodontitis were randomly assigned into two groups according to the intra-canal medication used: calcium hydroxide group (CH) and double antibiotic paste group (DAP). Preoperative pain was recorded using numerical rating scale. After isolation, access cavity was performed followed by chemico-mechanical preparation using rotary Race files with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Subsequently, intra-canal medication was placed and postoperative pain was recorded at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between both groups. Both groups resulted in an increase in median pain value from preoperative to 6 hours postoperative, followed by gradual decrease from 6 hours to 12, 24, 48 hours postoperatively with statistically significant difference. When comparing both groups, DAP group showed lower postoperative pain values than CH group at 12 and 24 hours, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The use of intra-canal medication in necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis was efficient in reducing postoperative pain regardless of type of intra-canal medication used. Trial registration: PACTR201605001482394 (Date: 22nd February 2016).
Language phenotypes in children with sex chromosome trisomies
Authors: Bishop Dorothy V. M. , Brookman-Byrne Annie , Gratton Nikki , Gray Elaine , Holt Georgina , Morgan Louise , Morris Sarah , Paine Eleanor , Thornton Holly , Thompson Paul A. 
Published: November 2018

Background:Sex chromosome trisomies (47,XXX, 47,XXY and 47,XYY) are known to be a risk factor for language disorder, but typical outcomes are hard to estimate, because many cases are identified only when problems are found.Methods:We recruited children aged 5-16 years with all three types of trisomy, and divided them into a High Bias group, identified in the course of investigations for neurodevelopmental problems, and a Low Bias group, identified via prenatal screening or other medical investigations. Children from a twin sample were used to compare the pattern and severity of language problems: they were subdivided according to parental concerns about language/history of speech-language therapy into a No Concerns group (N = 132) and a Language Concerns group (N = 41). Children were individually assessed on a psychometric battery, and a standardized parent checklist. After excluding children with intellectual disability, autism or hearing problems, psychometric data were available for 31 XXX, 20 XXY and 19 XYY Low Bias cases and 13 XXX, 25 XXY and 32 XYY High Bias cases.Results:Variation within each trisomy group was substantial: within the Low Bias group, overall language scores were depressed relative to normative data, but around one-third had no evidence of problems. There was no effect of trisomy type, and the test profile was similar to the Language Concerns comparison group. The rate of problems was much greater in the High Bias children with trisomies.Conclusions:When advising parents after discovery of a trisomy, it is important to emphasise that, though there is an increased risk of language problems, there is a very wide range of outcomes. Severe language problems are more common in those identified via genetic testing for neurodevelopmental problems but these are not typical of children identified on prenatal screening.
Book review: Unsettled: Denial and belonging among White Kenyans by Janet McIntosh
Authors: Roets Carla 
Published: November 2018

McIntosh’s, Unsettled: Denial and belonging among White Kenyans, is an ethnography of White Kenyan settler descendants who are battling with their identities and sense of belonging in the post-colonial Kenya. The author shares numerous stories of various ordinary interactions with her respondents (aged 20 – 80), as well as interactions from semistructured and open ended interviews. McIntosh notes that “ethnographies of elite groups are somewhat unusual; most cultural anthropologists prefer to explore the experiences of people who don’t have much of a voice” (pg.14), but with this ethnographic account of White settler descendants, the author provides the reader with a critical look into Whiteness and White privilegeby documenting how the respondents situate themselves between the colonial past and post-colonial present.
Fruits and flowers of the invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Chiquillo Kelcie L. , Barber Paul H. , Willette Demian A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
While the seagrass Halophila stipulacea reproduces both sexually and asexually in its native range, reproduction is largely asexual in its invasive range in the Mediterranean and the Caribbean Seas. Here we make the first report of fruit-bearing H. stipulacea in the Caribbean. Although the lack of reports of H. stipulacea fruit could be the consequence of past survey effort, multiple recent reports of both flowers and fruit across the invasive range strongly suggest that introductions of H. stipulacea in the tropical western Atlantic and Caribbean included both sexes of this dioecious seagrass. This finding may have important implications for the future dispersal, survival, and maintenance of the non-native population.
Global Non-Profit Chains and the Challenges of Development Aid Contracting
Authors: Burger Ronelle , Owens Trudy , Prakash Aseem 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper employs Oliver Williamson’s transaction cost approach to assess contracting. We find that donor contracting with global non-profit chains is conducive to NPO opportunism due to the asset specificity of the contracts, infrequent contracting, and the uncertainty of outcomes. These risks are further exacerbated by the weak enforcement mechanisms available in many developing countries. Williamson’s framework predicts that these risks would tempt donors to resort to the muscular approach, where they would exercise maximum control over the non-profit chain. Although competition would be a safeguard against the muscular approach, the donor landscape suffers from collusion and is monopsonistic. Our analysis suggests that while the current contracting and oversight arrangements might serve the donor procedural objective to exercise control in a sector marked by information asymmetries, these arrangements can undermine the primary objective of donors, namely responsiveness to beneficiaries, and ultimately, improved beneficiary welfare. We illustrate our conceptual analysis with short case studies of three Ugandan NPOs.
Bratman on shared intention
Authors: Kietzmann Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn work that spans almost four decades, Michael Bratman has developed a rich account of human agency. At the centre of this account lies an understanding of intentions as individual planning states. A significant strand in this enterprise has been his work on shared agency, culminating in his 2014 monograph, which aims to extend his account of individual agency to cover cases of what he calls “modest sociality”, i.e. simple cases of acting together. Central to this endeavour is Bratman’s analysis of shared intention, which for him is not asui generisphenomenon, but can be understood in terms of his concept of individual agency, as the main components of his account of shared intention are already available in his account of the intentions of a single person.In this paper, I want to critically examine Bratman’s approach to shared intention. I will proceed as follows: In Section 1, I will describe the analytic strategy that guides Bratman’s analysis. Section 2 will introduce his central claim that the fulfilment of a list of conditions suffices for a shared intention to be present. In Sections 3 to 5, I will discuss and criticise some of these conditions. In Section 6, I will draw some positive conclusions from my critical arguments.
Person Feature Geometry and Pronominal Clitic Ordering Preferences
Authors: Franks Steven L. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis paper examines so-called “Person Case Constraint” (PCC) effects. These are ordering restrictions on co-occurring clitic pronouns, where only certain person combinations are felicitous but the possibilities vary cross-linguistically. Taking the South Slavic languages as a point of departure, an account is developed in terms of person feature spreading from a high Appl(icative) node to underspecified clitic pronouns. It is argued that 3rdperson is the absence of person features, hence there is no PERS(on) node per se, and that person can be characterized in terms of PART(icipant) and AUTH(or). It is further argued that languages may differ in terms of how these two features are arranged, accounting for additional systems. Finally, speculations are offered on how feature spreading enlightens PCC violation repair strategies.
Ist der Name der nordwestböhmischen Stadt dt. Kaaden / tschech. Kadaň keltischen Ursprungs?
Authors: Bichlmeier Harald 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The North-West-Bohemian town Kaaden (Czech Kadaň) lies in an area where Celts settled some two millennia ago. For this reason a Celtic etymology was proposed for this placename, although a Slavic etymology based on the Common Slavic personal name *Kadanъ (attested in Old Czech, Polish, Sorabian) had existed for decades: Kadaň (taken over later on into German as Ka(a)den) was derived from the personal name *Kadanъ with the possessive suffix Common Slavic *-jь and meant originally ‘Kadan’s (castle/town)’. It will be shown that the Celtic etymology which argues for a Proto-Celtic *katu-dūno- ‘town/castle of the fight/battle’ invokes too many ad-hoc-developments and scarcely (if at all) attested soundchanges to be regarded at all plausible. The ‘classical’ Slavic etymology, on the other hand, can be shown to be flawless in all aspects.
No More FOMO: Limiting Social Media Decreases Loneliness and Depression
Authors: Hunt Melissa G. , Marx Rachel , Lipson Courtney , Young Jordyn 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Given the breadth of correlational research linking social media use to worse well-being, we undertook an experimental study to investigate the potential causal role that social media plays in this relationship. Method: After a week of baseline monitoring, 143 undergraduates at the University of Pennsylvania were randomly assigned to either limit Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat use to 10 minutes, per platform, per day, or to use social media as usual for three weeks. Results: The limited use group showed significant reductions in loneliness and depression over three weeks compared to the control group. Both groups showed significant decreases in anxiety and fear of missing out over baseline, suggesting a benefit of increased self-monitoring. Discussion: Our findings strongly suggest that limiting social media use to approximately 30 minutes per day may lead to significant improvement in well-being.
Acute milk-alkali syndrome
Authors: Timilsina Bidhya , Tachamo Niranjan , Parajuli Prem Raj , Gabriely Ilan 
Published: November 2018

Summary
A 74-year-old woman presented with progressive lethargy, confusion, poor appetite and abdominal pain. She was found to have non-PTH-mediated severe hypercalcemia with renal failure and metabolic alkalosis. Extensive workup for hypercalcemia to rule out alternate etiology was unrevealing. Upon further questioning, she was taking excess calcium carbonate (Tums) for her worsening heartburn. She was diagnosed with milk-alkali syndrome (MAS). Her hypercalcemia and alkalosis recovered completely with aggressive hydration along with improvement in her renal function. High index of suspicion should be maintained and history of drug and supplements, especially calcium ingestion, should be routinely asked in patients presenting with hypercalcemia to timely diagnose MAS and prevent unnecessary tests and treatments.

Learning points:

Suspect milk-alkali syndrome in patients with hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal failure, especially in context of ingestion of excess calcium-containing supplements.

Careful history of over-the-counter medications, supplements and diet is crucial to diagnose milk-alkali syndrome.

Milk-alkali syndrome may cause severe hypercalcemia in up to 25–30% of cases.
Novel mutations associated with inherited human calcium-sensing receptor disorders: A clinical genetic study
Authors: García-Castaño Alejandro , Madariaga Leire , Pérez de Nanclares Gustavo , Ariceta Gema , Gaztambide Sonia , Castaño Luis , _ _ 
Published: November 2018

Objective
Molecular diagnosis is a useful diagnostic tool in calcium metabolism disorders. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is known to play a central role in the regulation of extracellular calcium homeostasis. We performed clinical, biochemical and genetic characterization of sequence anomalies in this receptor in a cohort of 130 individuals from 82 families with suspected alterations in the CASR gene, one of the largest series described.

Methods
The CASR gene was screened for mutations by polymerase chain reaction followed by direct Sanger sequencing.

Results
Presumed CaSR-inactivating mutations were found in 65 patients from 26 families. These patients had hypercalcemia (median: 11.3 mg/dL) but normal or abnormally high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (median: 52 pg/mL). On the other hand, presumed CaSR-activating mutations were detected in 17 patients from eight families. These patients had a median serum calcium level of 7.4 mg/dL and hypoparathyroidism (median: PTH 13 pg/mL). Further, common polymorphisms previously associated with high blood ionized calcium levels were found in 27 patients (median calcium: 10.6 mg/dL; median PTH: 65 pg/mL) with no other alterations in CASR. Overall, we found 30 different mutations, of which, 14 have not been previously reported (p.Ala26Ser, p.Cys60Arg, p.Lys119Ile, p.Leu123Met, p.Glu133Val, p.Gly222Glu, p.Phe351Ile, p.Cys542Tyr, p.Cys546Gly, p.Cys677Tyr, p.Ile816Val, p.Ala887Asp, p.Glu934*, p.Pro935_Gln945dup).

Conclusions
Patients with CASR mutations may not fit the classic clinical pictures of hypercalcemia with hypocalciuria or hypocalcemia with hypercalciuria. Molecular studies are important for confirming the diagnosis and distinguishing it from other entities. Our genetic analysis confirmed CaSR disorders in 82 patients in the study cohort.
To the species structure of predatory phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) of state reserve “Elanetskyi Step”
Authors: Bondarev V. Yu. 
Published: November 2018

As material for this work the gatherings of the author executed in 2016 year. On 43 species of plants 85 samples in which 249 copies of phytoseiid mites are revealed are taken. For the statistical analysis used an occurrence index (P1, %) and an index of domination of Paliya-Kovnatski (Di). Species structure of predatory phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) in plant associations of state reserve "Elanetskyi step" (Mykolaiv region, Ukraine) were studied at the first time. 21 species of 7 genera of the family are detected (A. andersoni, A. herbarius, A. maior, N. marginatus, N. reductus, N. tauricus, E. finlandicus, D. echinus, T. tiliarum, P. intermixtus, P. soleiger, A. caudiglans, A. rapida, A. pirianykae, A. recki, A. verrucosa, A. spectata, T. cotoneastri, T. laurae, T. tiliae). Frequency of occurrence and fidelity to different types of plant communities for each species of mites were determined. Amlydromella (s. str.) recki, the most common species, was with occurrence index 35.3%. The species Amblydromella (s. str.) rapida, Amblydromella (Litoseia) spectata, and Paraseiulus intermixtus were the rare species (one specimen of each species was presented at collections). Amblydromella (s. str.) recki was the dominant in the complex of plant-feeding predatory mites. Three species, A. pirianykae, A. andersoni and E. finlandicus, were the subdominants. Typhlodromus cotoneastri was the subdominant of the first order. The remaining 16 species were the secondary members of the complex.
FUNGOS ASSOCIADOS A SEMENTES HÍBRIDAS DE DENDEZEIRO
Authors: Cysne Alex Queiroz , Lima Wanderlei Antônio Alves de , Souza Maria Geralda de 
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: O conhecimento dos principais fungos que possam comprometer a qualidade das sementes torna-se indispensável no estabelecimento de áreas de cultivo de híbridos de dendezeiro, de forma a evitar a redução na produção e o aumento de custos. Assim, objetivou-se identificar os principais fungos associados a sementes híbridas intraespecíficas e interespecíficas de dendezeiro. Os lotes de sementes híbridas foram submetidos ao método de incubação em papel filtro (Blotter Test). O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 10 repetições. Foram detectados 22 fungos, divididos em saprófitas e potencialmente patogênicos. Destes destacam-se Thielaviopsis sp. e Rhizoctonia sp. como os mais frequentes encontrados em sementes híbridas interespecíficas e intraespecíficas, respectivamente. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Elaeis guineensis, Micofauna, patologia de sementes.
Superior vena cava syndrome in the CT scanning
Authors: Wróbel Grzegorz 
Published: November 2018

The study concerns a 67-year-old woman with symptoms such as swelling of the face, neck and upper limbs; bruising in the head and neck region; conjunctival hyperemia; excessive filling of the jugular veins. The CT examination was performed using the SOMATOM Definition AS (Siemens) and analyzed with SYNGO Multi-Modality CT Workstation (Siemens). The study showed a tumoral mass (67 x 91 mm) located in the right upper lobe and adjacent to the mediastinum, simultaneously invades the superior vena cava and causes it to narrow completely.
Empirikus vizsgálatok A Tanár című televíziós sorozat kapcsán
Authors: Keszy-Harmath Dániel Lóránd 
Published: November 2018

A tanulmány A Tanár című szórakoztató filmsorozat pedagógus és tanuló közötti diskurzusait elemzi Thomas Gordon amerikai pszichológus modellje alapján, amely a sikeres tanári kommunikáció fontos elemeit mutatja be. A vizsgálat célja a népszerű filmsorozat első évadában szereplő egyes jelenetek rögzítése után a bennük található gordoni közléssorompók és én-közlések bemutatása. A tanulmány azt kutatja, hogy a vizsgált társalgásokban mennyire valósul meg az asszertív kommunikáció a két főszereplő karaktereinek a megnyilvánulásai során. Bemutatja továbbá, hogy a filmsorozat által sugallt kép mennyire felel meg a mai magyar valóságnak a tanítási módszerek, az iskola adottságai, felszereltsége, a tanárok személyisége tekintetében.