bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment burden and long‐term health deficits of patients with low‐grade gliomas or glioneuronal tumors diagnosed during the first year of life
Authors: Liu Anthony P. Y. , Hastings Camden , Wu Shengjie , Bass Johnnie K. , Heitzer Andrew M. , Ashford Jason , Vestal Robert , Hoehn Mary E. , Ghazwani Yahya , Acharya Sahaja , Conklin Heather M. , Boop Frederick , Merchant Thomas E. , Gajjar Amar , Qaddoumi Ibrahim 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundLow‐grade gliomas (LGGs) and low‐grade glioneuronal tumors (LGGNTs) diagnosed during the first year of life carry unique clinical characteristics and challenges in management. However, data on the treatment burden, outcomes, and morbidities are lacking.MethodsA retrospective study of LGGs and LGGNTs diagnosed in patients younger than 12 months at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (1986‐2015) was conducted.ResultsFor the 51 patients (including 31 males), the mean age at diagnosis was 6.47 months (range, 0.17‐11.76 months), and the mean follow‐up period was 11.8 years (range, 0.21‐29.19 years). Tumor locations were hypothalamic/optic pathway (61%), hemispheric (12%), brainstem (12%), cerebellar (8%), and spinal (8%). There were 41 patients with histological diagnoses: 28 had World Health Organization grade 1 tumors, 6 had grade 2 tumors, and 7 had an LGG/LGGNT not definitively graded. Forty‐one patients required an active intervention at diagnosis. Throughout their treatment course, 41 patients eventually underwent tumor‐directed surgeries (median, 2 surgeries; range, 1‐6), 39 received chemotherapy (median, 2 regimens; range, 1‐13), and 21 received radiotherapy. Forty patients experienced disease progression (median, 2 progressions; range, 1‐18). Ten patients died of progression (n = 5), malignant transformation (n = 2), a second cancer (n = 2), or a shunt infection (n = 1). The 10‐year overall survival, progression‐free survival, and radiation‐free survival rates were 85% ± 5.3%, 16.9% ± 5.3%, and 51.2% ± 7.5%, respectively. Forty‐nine patients experienced health deficits (eg, endocrinopathies, obesity, seizures, visual/hearing impairments, neurocognitive impairments, and cerebrovascular disease). Predictors of progression and toxicities were defined.ConclusionsInfantile LGG/LGGNT is a chronic, progressive disease universally associated with long‐term morbidities and requires multidisciplinary intervention.
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin 8, and insulinlike growth factor in sustaining autophagic DIRAS3‐induced dormant ovarian cancer xenografts
Authors: Mao Weiqun , Peters Haley L. , Sutton Margie N. , Orozco Aaron F. , Pang Lan , Yang Hailing , Lu Zhen , Bast Robert C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundRe‐expression of the imprinted tumor suppressor gene DIRAS family GTPase 3 (DIRAS3) (aplysia ras homology member I [ARHI]) induces autophagy and tumor dormancy in ovarian cancer xenografts, but drives autophagic cancer cell death in cell culture. The current study explored the tumor and host factors required to prevent autophagic cancer cell death in xenografts and the use of antibodies against those factors or their receptors to eliminate dormant autophagic ovarian cancer cells.MethodsSurvival factors (insulinlike growth factor 1 [IGF‐1], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], and interleukin 8 [IL‐8]) were detected with growth factor arrays and measured using enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assay analysis. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), nuclear localization of translocation factor EB (TFEB) or forkhead box O3a (FOXo3a), and expression of microtubule‐associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAPLC3B; LC3B) were examined using Western blot analysis. The effect of treatment with antibodies against survival factors or their receptors was studied using DIRAS3‐induced dormant xenograft models.ResultsOvarian cancer cells grown subcutaneously in nude mice exhibited higher levels of phosphorylated ERK/AKT activity and lower levels of nuclear TFEB/FOXo3a, MAPLC3B, and autophagy compared with cells grown in culture. Induction of autophagy and dormancy with DIRAS3 was associated with decreased ERK/AKT signaling. The addition of VEGF, IGF‐1, and IL‐8 weakened the inhibitory effect of DIRAS3 on ERK/AKT activity and reduced DIRAS3‐mediated TFEB or FOXo3a nuclear localization and MAPLC3B expression in ovarian cancer cells. Treatment with antibodies against VEGF, IL‐8, and IGF receptor inhibited the growth of dormant xenografts, thereby prolonging survival from 99 to >220 days (P < .05) and curing a percentage of mice.ConclusionsTreatment with a combination of anti‐VEGF, anti–IL‐8, and anti‐IGF receptor antibodies prevented the outgrowth of dormant cells and prolonged survival in a preclinical model.
A Single Nonblinking Cs4PbBr6 Nanoparticle as a Nanothermometer
Authors: Lei Yanyu , Yang Jie , Hong Daocheng , Wan Sushu , Hua Yan , Xie Mingcai , Tang Xiaosheng , Tian Yuxi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInorganic perovskite materials have attracted broad interest in the last several years due to their stability and promising applications as photovoltaic and light‐emitting materials. In this work, we prepared Cs4PbBr6 nanoparticles showing stable photoluminescence (PL) without blinking and studied the PL properties of individual Cs4PbBr6 nanoparticles in the biological temperature range. We found that both PL intensity and lifetime of a single Cs4PbBr6 particle strongly depends on the temperature. The PL intensity and lifetime decrease almost linearly with the increasing of the temperature. The slopes of the PL intensity and lifetime versus temperature were as high as 2% and 3% per degree centigrade, respectively. The photostability and thermal stability were also checked for individual particles. With these results, we proposed that the sensitivity of PL intensity and lifetime of a single Cs4PbBr6 nanoparticle on temperature showed the potential application of a single particle as a nanothermometer for thermal detection in a local environment.
An Open‐Label, Randomized, Pivotal Bioequivalence Study of Oral Rolapitant
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Yi , Wang Jing , Arora Sujata , Lu Sharon , Powers Dan , Kansra Vikram , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRolapitant, a selective and long‐acting neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist, is approved in an oral formulation for prevention of delayed chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in adults. This pivotal open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, multicenter, parallel‐group study assessed the bioequivalence of a single oral dose of 180 mg of rolapitant administered in tablet (2 × 90‐mg tablets) or capsule (4 × 45‐mg capsules) form in healthy male and female subjects. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected predose and at times up to 912 hours postdose. The rolapitant tablet was considered bioequivalent to the rolapitant capsule if the 90% confidence intervals for the ratios of the geometric means for rolapitant, observed maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and area under the curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐∞) were within the 0.80–1.25 range. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the capsule group (n = 43) and tablet group (n = 44) were similar. The geometric mean ratios of Cmax and AUC0‐∞ were 0.99 (0.89–1.11) and 1.05 (0.92–1.19), respectively, establishing bioequivalence of the rolapitant tablet and capsule formulations. Both formulations were well tolerated, with a similar incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events in the 2 groups.
Expression and Preparation of a G‐Protein‐Coupled Cannabinoid Receptor CB2 for NMR Structural Studies
Authors: Yeliseev Alexei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCannabinoid receptor type II, or CB2, is an integral membrane protein that belongs to a large class of G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCR)s. CB2 is a part of the endocannabinoid system, which plays an important role in the regulation of immune response, inflammation, and pain. Information about the structure and function of CB2 is essential for the development of specific ligands targeting this receptor. We present here a methodology for recombinant expression of CB2 and its stable isotope labeling, purification, and reconstitution into liposomes, in preparation for its characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Correctly folded, functional CB2 labeled with [13C,15N]tryptophan or uniformly labeled with 13C and 15N is expressed in a medium of defined composition, under controlled aeration, pH, and temperature conditions. The receptor is purified by affinity chromatography and reconstituted into lipid bilayers in the form of proteoliposomes suitable for analysis by NMR spectroscopy. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation and Flow Cytometry Characterization of Extracellular‐Vesicle Subpopulations Derived from Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Gorgun Cansu , Reverberi Daniele , Rotta Gianluca , Villa Federico , Quarto Rodolfo , Tasso Roberta 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis unit describes protocols for isolating subpopulations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) purified from human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stromal cells by density gradient centrifugation and for characterizing them by flow cytometry (FCM). Determining the optimal strategy for isolating EVs is a critical step toward retrieving the maximal amount while ensuring the recovery of different vesicular subtypes. The first protocol details density gradient centrifugation to isolate both exosomes and microvesicles. In the second protocol, characterization of EV subpopulations by FCM is depicted, taking advantage of non‐conventional modalities, in accordance with the latest technical indications. The procedures described here can be easily reproduced and can be employed regardless of the cell type used to obtain EVs. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A High‐Density Azobenzene Side Chain Polymer Brush for Azimuthal and Zenithal Orientational Photoswitching of a Nematic Liquid Crystal
Authors: Mukai Koji , Imai Kenjiro , Hara Mitsuo , Nagano Shusaku , Seki Takahiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe azimuthal and zenithal orientational switching of nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) can be performed by photoresponsive azobenzene alignment layers called command surfaces. Such photoresponsive layers have been prepared by molecular assembly methods or by spincasting of polymer materials. This work reports on the photoswitching orientation behavior of an NLC on a high‐density brush of an azobenzene‐containing side chain liquid crystalline polymer. On the high‐density polymer brush surface, the zenithal homeotropic/planar photoalignment switching modes triggered by UV/visible light irradiation are reversed from those observed for traditional command surface systems, reflecting the azobenzene side chain orientation directing parallel to the substrate surface. Because the thermally stable trans‐azobenzene provides the in‐plane orientation of the NLC, irradiation with linearly polarized visible light readily switches the azimuthal direction to an arbitrary direction, and the resulting orientation is retained persistently. This paper discusses the features of the architecture of a high‐density polymer brush as the command surface for NLC orientation.
SGMR: A spatial geometry–based multipath routing method on overlay networks
Authors: Guan Yunchong , Lei Weimin , Zhang Wei , Li Hao , Zhang Songyang 
Published: January 2019

SummaryMultipath transmission (MT) promotes transmission quality effectively. Path diversity (PD) impacts MT quality by aggregating capabilities of paths with little correlation. Enough PD contributes to improving concurrent link utilization and weakening negative impacts from a single path so that abilities of congestion and failure tolerance are enhanced. However, PD is hard to guarantee on overlay networks due to little awareness of underlay networks and few evaluation methods. In this paper, we propose the spatial geometry–based multipath routing (SGMR) method to improve PD for MT on overlay networks. Considering that paths are composed of overlay nodes and network coordinates effectively characterize node diversity (ND), we employ some geometric mechanisms on the spatial coordinate–based view to convert ND to PD. Firstly, coordinates are generated to match the overlay and underlay networks and meanwhile to characterize ND. Then, for generating multiple paths, transmission direction facilitates the path convergence, transmission surface constrains intermediate nodes, and deviation angle guarantees link diversity. Simulation and real‐world evaluations demonstrate that SGMR guarantees PD better, and the multipath transmission quality is improved thanks to enough PD.
Cluster‐based emergency message dissemination strategy for VANET using V2V communication
Authors: Benkerdagh Saliha , Duvallet Claude 
Published: January 2019

SummaryData dissemination in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is emerging as a critical area of research. One of the challenges posed by this domain is the reliability of connection, which depends on many parameters, such as the bandwidth consumption, transmission delay, and data quality of service (QoS). Dissemination of emergency messages is very critical since the network topology is changing frequently and rapidly, which leads to data loss. So, it is necessary to develop new protocols and enhance dissemination schemes in VANET to avoid more emergencies and hazards cases. In this regard, we have proposed a new strategy, which consists of data handling before dissemination process as the first step of our scheme. In this phase, the original message is optimized in order to reduce the number of exchanged packets. The second part of this proposition consists of constructing fast and stable clusters to improve the message delivery time and to procure efficient bandwidth consumption. This approach is based on a Fitness function, which takes into account different parameters such as the transmission period, the connectivity degree, the relative velocity, and the link lifetime validity. Since exchanging data in VANET is an important process, routing phase is proposed to perform data exchange among clusters. It is based on a rapid and real‐time heuristic (real‐time adaptive A* [RTAA*]). To evaluate the reliability of the proposed approach, an urban scenario is used with different simulation parameters. The simulation results show that our proposed approach presents a better stability and efficiency performance compared with the discussed approaches. The proposed approach improves the performance of cluster duration (5% − 25%), delivery rate (2% − 8%), and the overhead (5% − 35%) on average compared with the discussed approaches.
Fine‐scale vegetation mosaics in Pyrenean mires are driven by complex hydrological regimes and threatened by extreme weather events
Authors: Colomer Joana , Pérez‐Haase Aaron , Carrillo Empar , Ventura Marc , Ninot Josep M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHolarctic mires are systems of great ecological value and limited alpine distribution. Their southernmost European boundary borders the Mediterranean region. Understanding how environmental factors influence the plant community distribution and its response to disturbances, especially in the water regime, is a key step for their management and conservation. Here, we report our study of the main ecological gradients that determine the distribution of different plant community types in the Trescuro mire system and their response to variations in the environmental conditions such as summer drought. We set up 30 sampling points across the vegetation mosaic where pH, electrical conductivity, water table depth, and ion concentration were recorded during the 2014 and 2015 summers. The results revealed that variation in the water table level is what most drives the vegetation distribution at the local scale, followed by the ion concentration. Soligenous communities, which are highly dependent on water run‐off, were the most affected by the drought event in 2015. Because these communities are generally situated in the marginal parts of mire systems, summer drought periods may facilitate invasion by trees into the areas they occupy, which may eventually lead to a reduction of mire area. This study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of these unique and complex systems through elucidating the relationship between the vegetation and climatic variations.
Differences in nutritional status and activities of daily living and mobility in elderly hospitalized patients with heart failure
Authors: Kitamura Masahiro , Izawa Kazuhiro P. , Yaekura Masakazu , Mimura Yumi , Nagashima Hitomi , Oka Koichiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsThis study aims to examine the effect of differences in nutritional status on activities of daily living (ADL) and mobility recovery of hospitalized elderly patients with heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsFrom among 377 consecutive HF patients who underwent rehabilitation at one acute‐care hospital from January 2013 to August 2015, those who were aged ≥ 65 years could walk with assistance before hospitalization and who were hospitalized for the first time were included in this retrospective cohort study. Exclusion criteria were pacemaker surgery during hospitalization, change to other departments, death during hospitalization, and unmeasured ADL. We investigated patient characteristics, basic attributes, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), ADL [motor Functional Independence Measure (motor FIM)], and Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI). Of these 377 patients, 96 met the inclusion criteria and were divided into the low GNRI group (n = 38, 83.5 ± 8.3 years, 44.7% male) and high GNRI group (n = 58, 81.0 ± 6.6 years, 55.2%). Patient characteristics and the difference between motor ADL and motility recovery and nutrition data were analysed with unpaired t‐test, χ2 test, and two‐way analysis of covariance. In comparing the two groups, the following parameters were significantly lower in the low GNRI group than in the high GNRI group: body mass index (18.7 ± 2.2 vs. 23.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2, P < 0.01), albumin (3.4 ± 0.4 vs. 3.8 ± 0.4 g/dL, P < 0.01), diabetes mellitus ratio (21.1% vs. 50.0%, P < 0.01), RMI at discharge (6.8 ± 2.6 vs. 8.2 ± 2.2, P = 0.01), and motor FIM at discharge (67.2 ± 19.5 vs. 75.6 ± 13.3, P = 0.02). RMI showed a significant group and term main effect and interaction effect (P < 0.05). Motor FIM showed a significant main effect of group and term (P < 0.05), and no significant interaction effect.ConclusionsLow nutritional status in hospitalized elderly HF patients affected their recovery of mobility but did not appear to affect the recovery of ADL.
Observers’ impression of the person in pain influences their pain estimation and tendency to help
Authors: Khatibi Ali , Mazidi Mahdi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundEstimation of a patient's pain may have a considerable impact on the level of care that patient receives. Many studies have shown that contextual factors may influence an observer's pain estimation. Here, we investigate the effect of an observer's impression of a person in pain and justification of his/her pain on the observer's pain estimation, tendency to help and perceived empathy.MethodsThirty healthy individuals (half females) read scenarios aimed to manipulate the reader's impression of characters who ultimately were fired from their work (four positive characters and four negative; half females). Then they observed 1‐s videos of four levels of pain expression (neutral, mild, moderate, strong) in those characters during an examination. Subsequently, they rated pain estimation, tendency to help and perceived empathy. Afterwards, they rated their likability of characters and how just they find the end of story.ResultsPeople rated pain in positive characters higher than the pain in negative characters. They also expressed more tendency to help and a higher level of perceived empathy towards positive characters than negative characters. For the highest level of pain in positive characters, perceived injustice towards that person was the best predictor of the observer's pain estimation, tendency to help and perceived empathy. For negative characters, dislikeability was the best predictor of tendency to help and perceived empathy. Justification of their pain was a predictor of pain estimation and tendency to help.ConclusionObservers used different information to evaluate pain in positive and negative individuals.SignificanceObservers’ estimation of pain, perceived empathy and tendency to help biases by their understanding of the characteristics of the person in pain. In clinical settings, these biases may influence the quality of care and well‐being of patients. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these biases can help us improve the quality of care and control the effect of prejudices on pain assessment.
Standards for the diagnosis and management of complex regional pain syndrome: Results of a European Pain Federation task force
Authors: Goebel Andreas , Barker Chris , Birklein Frank , Brunner Florian , Casale Roberto , Eccleston Chris , Eisenberg E. , McCabe Candy S. , Moseley G. Lorimer , Perez R. , Perrot Serge , Terkelsen Astrid , Thomassen Ilona , Zyluk Andrzey , Wells Chris 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundComplex regional pain syndrome is a painful and disabling post‐traumatic primary pain disorder. Acute and chronic complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) are major clinical challenges. In Europe, progress is hampered by significant heterogeneity in clinical practice. We sought to establish standards for the diagnosis and management of CRPS.MethodsThe European Pain Federation established a pan‐European task force of experts in CRPS who followed a four‐stage consensus challenge process to produce mandatory quality standards worded as grammatically imperative (must‐do) statements.ResultsWe developed 17 standards in 8 areas of care. There are 2 standards in diagnosis, 1 in multidisciplinary care, 1 in assessment, 3 for care pathways, 1 in information and education, 4 in pain management, 3 in physical rehabilitation and 2 on distress management. The standards are presented and summarized, and their generation and consequences were discussed. Also presented are domains of practice for which no agreement on a standard could be reached. Areas of research needed to improve the validity and uptake of these standards are discussed.ConclusionThe European Pain Federation task force present 17 standards of the diagnosis and management of CRPS for use in Europe. These are considered achievable for most countries and aspirational for a minority of countries depending on their healthcare resource and structures.SignificanceThis position statement summarizes expert opinion on acceptable standards for CRPS care in Europe.