bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Plus Ça Change…”: Graduates’ Views of Canadian Females’ Opportunities after 50 Years of Change
Authors: Grayson J. Paul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNew‐Left Feminism emerged on Canadian campuses in 1967. While prior to that date some Canadian women had been concerned with their limited circumstances, by and large, university students expressed little visible support for their cause. In this article, I will show that prior to the debut of New‐Left Feminism, while they may not have been vocal, the 1967 graduates of Glendon College, York University, located in Toronto, Canada, were well aware of the barriers faced by Canadian women. In the intervening half‐century, although many impediments to the full social participation of Canadian women were removed, Glendon graduates of 2017 continued to recognize the existence of limits on female Canadians. Indeed, in some areas, these recent graduates saw more barriers than their counterparts 50 years earlier. This can be attributed, in part, to the attention currently given in curricula to the lives of Canadian women, large numbers of female faculty, a public discourse that includes sexuality and issues of interest to women, and the “relative deprivation” of Canadian females.
Anti‐Müllerian hormone variability and its implications for the number of oocytes retrieved following individualized dosing with follitropin delta
Authors: Nelson Scott M. , Larsson Per , Mannaerts Bernadette M. J. L. , Nyboe Andersen Anders , Fauser Bart C. J. M. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveThe stability of anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) across and between menstrual cycles has been the subject of debate. The objective of this analysis was to study the inter‐ and intracycle variability in repeated measurements and assess the impact on an individualized gonadotropin dosing algorithm and predicted oocyte yield.DesignRetrospective analysis of repeat AMH measures from a randomized controlled trial.PatientsA total of 1326 women aged 18‐40 years.MeasurementsSerum AMH levels at screening and at cycle day 2‐3 in up to three ovarian stimulation cycles. AMH variability and its impact on gonadotropin dose and the predicted number of oocytes.ResultsRepeat serum AMH measurements were strongly correlated within individual women (correlation coefficient 0.92). AMH exhibited limited within‐subject variation (coefficient of variation 23%), a small time‐related decline (mean 6% decrease/y), but no systematic variation across the menstrual cycle. Irrespective of whether the AMH screening value or the AMH at the initiation of ovarian stimulation was used, for women with an AMH level <15 pmol/L, 93% would receive the same gonadotropin dose and attain an identical number of oocytes in 97% of cases. For women with an AMH level ≥15 pmol/L, 80% would receive an individualized dose within ±1.5 μg and 90% would attain ±1 oocyte.ConclusionAMH variability had limited impact on individualized gonadotropin dosing, with 95% of women predicted to obtain an oocyte yield that does not vary beyond 1 oocyte count, irrespective of whether a random or early follicular AMH measurement was used to determine the individualized gonadotropin dose.
When the phone stops ringing: on the meanings and causes of disruptions in communication between Eritrean refugees and their families back home
Authors: BELLONI MILENA 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn recent years, a growing number of studies have highlighted the role of technology in facilitating the circulation of the information and images that underpin migrants' journeys and aspirations. However, less attention has been paid to the social circumstances that obstruct these communication flows. Based on ethnographic work in Italy and Eritrea, in this article I show that, despite the technological possibilities that are available, contacts between Eritrean refugees in Italy and their families back home are often extremely limited. This is not the result of infrastructural under‐development, but of a bundle of social and family expectations that my informants perceive as overwhelming. My respondents in Italy maintained many transnational relationships with friends and acquaintances around the world, but generally not with their parents in Eritrea. While revisiting the literature on the moral economy of transnational families, I show that my informants' attempts to move onwards from Italy emerge from their wish to reconnect with their left‐behind kin. Only by reaching the final destination of their geographical and moral journey can they support their families back home. Only this can give them respect in the eyes of their community and restore transnational communication with their families.
Social upgrading and cooperative corporate social responsibility in global value chains: the case of Fairphone in China
Authors: JINDRA BJÖRN , HATANI FAITH , STEGER THOMAS , HIEMER JOHANNES 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, we explore how a lead firm's strategy for corporate social responsibility influences the social upgrading of a supplier in a global value chain. Based on a single case study approach, we investigate the interaction between Dutch smartphone producer Fairphone and its Chinese supplier Guohong. On the one hand, the case illustrates how a cooperative approach to corporate social responsibility can lead to progress in suppliers' social upgrading. In particular, we highlight the role of a so‐called workers' welfare fund as a mechanism not only for improving measurable labour standards but also for enabling rights. On the other hand, the case demonstrates how the limited production and technological capabilities of the suppliers, a competitive market environment and lead firms' limited strategic access to the supply chain might constrain the extent of social upgrading through a cooperative approach towards corporate social responsibility in a global value chain.
Nevus depigmentosus: review of a mark of distinction
Authors: Ullah Forhad , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNevus depigmentosus (ND), also known as nevus achromicus or achromic nevus, is an uncommon congenital hypomelanosis of the skin that is often characterized as being nonprogressive and having serrated borders. It needs to be distinguished from other hypopigmented skin conditions such as nevus anemicus, hypomelanosis of Ito, Fitzpatrick patches (ash leaf spots) of tuberous sclerosis, vitiligo, indeterminate leprosy, and pigment demarcation lines. Treatment may be desired for aesthetic and possible psychosocial considerations. We review and update knowledge about ND and its simulants.
Divergent SATB1 expression across human life span and tissue compartments
Authors: Nüssing Simone , Koay Hui‐Fern , Sant Sneha , Loudovaris Thomas , Mannering Stuart I , Lappas Martha , d′Udekem Yves , Konstantinov Igor E , Berzins Stuart P , Rimmelzwaan Guus F , Turner Stephen J , Clemens E Bridie , Godfrey Dale I , Nguyen Thi HO , Kedzierska Katherine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSpecial AT‐rich binding protein‐1 (SATB1) is a global chromatin organizer capable of activating or repressing gene transcription in mice and humans. The role of SATB1 is pivotal for T‐cell development, with SATB1‐knockout mice being neonatally lethal, although the exact mechanism is unknown. Moreover, SATB1 is dysregulated in T‐cell lymphoma and proposed to suppress transcription of the Pdcd1 gene, encoding the immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1). Thus, SATB1 expression in T‐cell subsets across different tissue compartments in humans is of potential importance for targeting PD‐1. Here, we comprehensively analyzed SATB1 expression across different human tissues and immune compartments by flow cytometry and correlated this with PD‐1 expression. We investigated SATB1 protein levels in pediatric and adult donors and assessed expression dynamics of this chromatin organizer across different immune cell subsets in human organs, as well as in antigen‐specific T cells directed against acute and chronic viral infections. Our data demonstrate that SATB1 expression in humans is the highest in T‐cell progenitors in the thymus, and then becomes downregulated in mature T cells in the periphery. Importantly, SATB1 expression in peripheral mature T cells is not static and follows fine‐tuned expression dynamics, which appear to be tissue‐ and antigen‐dependent. Furthermore, SATB1 expression negatively correlates with PD‐1 expression in virus‐specific CD8+ T cells. Our study has implications for understanding the role of SATB1 in human health and disease and suggests an approach for modulating PD‐1 in T cells, highly relevant to human malignancies or chronic viral infections.
Similar but different: Revealing the relative roles of species‐traits versus biome properties structuring genetic variation in South American marsh rats
Authors: Prado Joyce R. , Percequillo Alexandre R. , Thomaz Andréa T. , Knowles L. Lacey 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimWetland habitats, and the ecological restrictions imposed by them, structure patterns of genetic variation in constituent taxa. As such, genetic variation may reflect properties of the specific biomes species inhabit, or shared life history traits among species may result in similar genetic structure. We evaluated these hypotheses jointly by quantifying the similarity of genetic structure in three South American marsh rat species (Holochilus), and test how genetic variation in each species relates to biome‐specific environmental space and historical stability.LocationSouth America.TaxonRodentia.MethodsUsing complementary analyses (Mantel tests, dbRDA, Procrustes, covariance structure of allele frequencies and environmental niche models [ENMs]) with 8,000–32,000 SNPs per species, we quantified the association between genomic variation and geographic and/or environmental differences.ResultsSignificant association between genetic variation and geography was identified for all species. Similarity in the strength of the association suggests connectivity patterns dictated by shared species‐traits predominate at the biome scale. However, substantial amounts of genetic variation are not explained by geography. Focusing on this portion of the variance, we demonstrate a significant quantitative association between genetic variation and the environmental space of a biome, and a qualitative association with varying regional stability. Specifically, historically stable areas estimated from ecological niche models are correlated with local levels of geographic structuring, suggesting that local biome‐specific histories affect population isolation/connectivity.Main conclusionsThese tests show that although species exhibit similar patterns of genetic variation that are consistent with shared natural histories, irrespective of inhabiting different wetland biomes, local biome‐specific properties (i.e. varying environmental conditions and historical stability) contribute to departures from equilibrium patterns of genetic variation expected by isolation by geographic distance. The reflection of these biome‐specific properties in the genetic structure of the marsh rats provides a window into the differences among South American wetlands with evolutionary consequences for their respective constituent assemblages.
Effects of particulate matter on healthy human skin: a panel study using a smartphone application measuring daily skin condition
Authors: Park J.H. , Oh S.J. , Lee J.H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of particulate matter (PM) on human health has recently attracted attention. However, most previous studies have been limited to diseased skin.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of PM on healthy skin.MethodsThe study enrolled 188 healthy volunteers without any skin disease during winter and early spring. Every day for 14 days, they recorded their skin states using a smartphone application, which automatically scored facial skin condition in terms of wrinkle, brown‐spot and trouble indexes based on a selfie. Subjects recorded information about their personal lifestyles such as sleeping time and outdoor activity. Air pollution and meteorological information were collected during the same period as well. We analysed the correlation between daily skin condition and environmental factors.ResultsOverall, 2625 person‐days were obtained for 3 months from February to April. Among the various factors analysed in this study, temperature and PM showed statistically significant relationships with the daily condition. Multivariable analysis showed a cumulative effect, as PM2.5 from 8 to 3 days prior to when daily skin condition was checked had a negative correlation with wrinkle index (P < 0.05).ConclusionsInadequate outdoor temperature can immediately impinge on the skin state of even healthy people. PM2.5 may contribute to skin ageing gradually rather than immediately.
Skin cancer prevention: a review of current topical options complementary to sunscreens
Authors: Rosenthal A. , Stoddard M. , Chipps L. , Herrmann J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe incidence of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is dramatically increasing worldwide, despite the increased use of improved sunscreens. In 2014, the Surgeon General estimated that 2.2–5.0 million people were treated annually for NMSC. As the number of newly diagnosed skin cancers continues to rise, there is a need for additional preventative measures beyond sunscreens. Several newer topical products that focus on boosting DNA repair, modulating DNA transcription, decreasing inflammation and selectively targeting precancerous cells may play an important role in future skin cancer prevention.
Translating the International Code of Marketing of Breast‐milk Substitutes into national measures in nine countries
Authors: Michaud‐Létourneau Isabelle , Gayard Marion , Pelletier David Louis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe International Code of Marketing of Breast‐milk Substitutes (the Code) adopted by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1981 and regularly updated through subsequent WHA resolutions, represents the international policy framework for protecting breastfeeding against inappropriate marketing practices. By March 2016, at least 135 countries had some measures covering provisions of the Code in their legislation. The translation of the International Code into national measures was investigated in the context of the advocacy efforts undertaken by the Alive & Thrive (A&T) initiative with UNICEF and partners. A real‐time evaluation was carried out over 22 months in seven Southeast Asian countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic [Lao PDR], Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Timor‐Leste) and two African countries (Burkina Faso and Ethiopia). Drivers of policy change and progress were examined. Two theory‐based approaches were used: developmental evaluation and contribution analysis. Data collection methods included participant observation, key informant meetings, in‐depth interviews, reflective practice, and desk review. Overall, countries made significant progress in translating the International Code into national measures and in moving forward throughout the policy cycle. The main driver of policy change was the creation of a strategic group, which engaged key relevant actors and supported the government in the performance of 15 critical tasks, which the analysis reveals is a second driver. Those critical tasks are described in this paper and could help public health advocates to anticipate the stages and challenges of policy change and develop more effective strategies to translate the Code into their legal framework.
Somatic distance, trust and trade
Authors: Melitz Jacques , Toubal Farid 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSomatic distance, or differences in physical appearance, proves to be extremely important in the gravity model of bilateral trade in conformity with results in other areas of economics and outside in the social sciences. This is also true independently of survey evidence about bilateral trust. These findings are obtained in a sample of the 15 members of the European Economic Area in 1996. Robustness tests also show that somatic distance, as well as co‐ancestry, has a more reliable influence on bilateral trade than the other customary cultural variables. The article finally discusses the interpretation and breadth of application of these results.
Health Effects of Sanitation Facilities: A Bayesian Semiparametric Analysis of Compositional Data
Authors: Watson Samuel I. , Sartori Jo , Uthman Olalekan , Lilford Richard J. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryDiarrhoeal disease is one of the leading causes of illness and death in young children: a problem exacerbated by a lack of access to safe sanitation facilities. But the effects of different types of sanitation facilities, and the relationship between their levels of coverage in an area and disease risk, remain uncertain. We specify a hierarchical model that enables us to estimate the disease risk response surface across the multi-dimensional space of the composition of sanitation facilities in an area. This permits a non-linear relationship between coverage of improved sanitation, differential effects by sanitation type and unobserved differences between countries. The model is used to estimate the change in risk associated with different types of sanitation facility, from which it is estimated that only increases in the coverage of sewerage and private improved sanitation facilities will achieve clinically meaningful reductions in the risk of adverse outcomes.
Tax Competition and the Distribution of Income*
Authors: Traub Stefan , Yang Hongyan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we provide a two‐country, two‐class model of asymmetric capital tax competition. We show formally that poor people living in small countries can benefit from capital tax competition and therefore they are in favor of it. In order to benefit from capital inflow from larger countries, poor people in smaller countries accept less within‐country income redistribution. As a consequence, between‐country income inequality is increased by tax competition.
A social learning video method: Identifying and sharing successful transformation knowledge for sustainable soil management in Switzerland
Authors: Fry Patricia , Thieme Susan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo enhance sustainable land use, aFrom Farmer to Farmerproject was conducted in Switzerland (2001–2010). A multi‐stakeholder discussion group co‐produced nine videos with experienced farmers and wine producers showing sustainable soil management practices. We analysed the video audio‐visual content and drew on reflections of the co‐production process, referring to concepts of system, target and transformation knowledge, as well as on social learning. The analysis showed a broad range of means (or actions) for sustainable soil management in arable land management, fodder production and wine growing that are aligned to transformation knowledge. The research showed that farmers refer to three phases of social learning, light‐bulb moments, coping with challenges and gaining successful expertise. These are not just linear processes of individuals. Four types of social learning were found in the video analysis: (a) learning from observing actions of others, (b) sharing experiences with storytelling, (c) informal social interactions and (d) being a role model with a large social network. Videos enable transformation knowledge to be shared with peers using storytelling; this powerful narrative communication style provides credibility and respects the ‘thought style’ of the target audience group. We conclude that for successful implementation of sustainable actions, it is important to address a specific target group and share their transformation knowledge built upon system and target knowledge. The social learning video method is a viable way to enable social learning between science, administration and practice and has potential for fostering change in sustainable soil management.
Female genitalia are moderately informative for phylogenetic inference and not concerted with male genitalia in Saprininae beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae)
Authors: Lackner Tomáš , Tarasov Sergei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOur study – the first of its kind within Histeridae (Coleoptera) – deals with the female genitalia in the subfamily Saprininae, with respect to their variation and utility for phylogenetic reconstruction. Morphology of female genitalia (chiefly characters of the spermatheca, and variation of the gonocoxites, articulating sclerites and gonostyli) is herein described and depicted. We perform parsimony‐based morphological phylogenetic analyses of Saprininae using combined datasets that comprise somatic, male and female genitalia characters. We assess phylogenetic utility of female genital characters and test for their correlation with male genital characters. We found that female genitalia are generally moderately informative for phylogenetic reconstruction. The somatic and male genitalia characters (on average) possess higher phylogenetic signal; female genitalia provide better support and diagnoses for particular clades (emphasizing their importance for systematics), in which the evolution of female genitalia can be linked to environmental factors imposed by the mode of life. Regardless of the degree of informativeness, structures of female genitalia represent an additional interesting and important source of information for systematics and taxonomy. We did not find any evidence of correlated evolution between male and female genitalia.
Women's recommendations: vacuum extraction or caesarean section for prolonged second stage of labour, a prospective cohort study in Uganda
Authors: Nolens Barbara , van den Akker Thomas , Lule John , Twinomuhangi Sulphine , van Roosmalen Jos , Byamugisha Josaphat 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate what women who have experienced vacuum extraction or second stage caesarean section (CS) would recommend as mode of birth in case of prolonged second stage of labour.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in Uganda. Between November 2014 and July 2015, women with a term singleton in vertex presentation who had undergone vacuum extraction or second stage CS were included. The first day and 6 months after birth women were asked what they would recommend to a friend: vacuum extraction or CS and why. Outcome measures were: proportions of women choosing vacuum extraction vs. CS and reasons for choosing this mode of birth.ResultsThe first day after birth, 293/318 (92.1%) women who had undergone vacuum extraction and 176/409 (43.0%) women who had undergone CS recommended vacuum extraction. Of women who had given birth by CS in a previous pregnancy and had vacuum extraction this time, 31/32 (96.9%) recommended vacuum extraction. Six months after birth findings were comparable. Less pain, shorter recovery period, avoiding surgery and the presumed relative safety of vacuum extraction to the mother were the main reasons for preferring vacuum extraction. Main reasons to opt for CS were having experienced CS without problems, CS presumed as being safer for the neonate, CS being the only option the woman was aware of, as well as the concern that vacuum extraction would fail.ConclusionsMost women would recommend vacuum extraction over CS in case of prolonged second stage of labour.