bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Price discovery and persistent arbitrage violations in credit markets
Authors: Lin Hai , Man Kasing , Wang Junbo , Wu Chunchi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates price violations in credit markets using a data sample spanning from 2002 to 2016. We find that price violations are highly persistent during the crisis period, particularly for speculative‐grade bonds. There is evidence that price distortions and market disintegration are linked to market‐wide and firm‐level impediments to arbitrage and limited capital provision. Higher firm‐level impediments to arbitrage lead to less market integration, and more severe and persistent pricing discrepancies. Moreover, we find that the negative CDS basis persists in the postcrisis period, which is attributable to dealers’ lower capital commitment and deterioration in market‐making quality.
Spatial and habitat variation in aphid, butterfly, moth and bird phenologies over the last half century
Authors: Bell James R. , Botham Marc S. , Henrys Peter A. , Leech David I. , Pearce‐Higgins James W. , Shortall Chris R. , Brereton Tom M. , Pickup Jon , Thackeray Stephen J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlobal warming has advanced the timing of biological events, potentially leading to disruption across trophic levels. The potential importance of phenological change as a driver of population trends has been suggested. To fully understand the possible impacts, there is a need to quantify the scale of these changes spatially and according to habitat type. We studied the relationship between phenological trends, space and habitat type between 1965 and 2012 using an extensive UK dataset comprising 269 aphid, bird, butterfly and moth species. We modelled phenologies using generalized additive mixed models that included covariates for geographical (latitude, longitude, altitude), temporal (year, season) and habitat terms (woodland, scrub, grassland). Model selection showed that a baseline model with geographical and temporal components explained the variation in phenologies better than either a model in which space and time interacted or a habitat model without spatial terms. This baseline model showed strongly that phenologies shifted progressively earlier over time, that increasing altitude produced later phenologies and that a strong spatial component determined phenological timings, particularly latitude. The seasonal timing of a phenological event, in terms of whether it fell in the first or second half of the year, did not result in substantially different trends for butterflies. For moths, early season phenologies advanced more rapidly than those recorded later. Whilst temporal trends across all habitats resulted in earlier phenologies over time, agricultural habitats produced significantly later phenologies than most other habitats studied, probably because of nonclimatic drivers. A model with a significant habitat‐time interaction was the best‐fitting model for birds, moths and butterflies, emphasizing that the rates of phenological advance also differ among habitats for these groups. Our results suggest the presence of strong spatial gradients in mean seasonal timing and nonlinear trends towards earlier seasonal timing that varies in form and rate among habitat types.
Take Your Time to Grow: A Field Experiment on the Hiring of Youths
Authors: Kübler Dorothea , Stüber Robert , Schmid Julia 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We investigate the effect of spells of no formal employment of young Germans on their chances of entering the labor market through an apprenticeship. We also study whether the potential negative effects of such spells can be mitigated by publicly provided training measures. In a field experiment, the fictitious applications of three young women were sent to firms advertising apprenticeships for the position of office manager. One application was from a fresh school-leaver and two from applicants who had been out of school for two years, where one of them had participated in a training measure. We find that applicants who have been out of school for two years and have participated in the training are more successful than older applicants without additional training. We do not find a significant difference between older applicants with or without training and fresh school leavers. Our findings show that training measures increase the attractiveness of applicants and that the potential stigma of spells of no formal employment after school are compensated by informal work experience or age or a combination of both.
Associations of number of teeth with medical costs and hospitalization duration in an older Japanese population
Authors: Saito Mizuki , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Nonoyama Toshiya , Tadokoro Yasushi 
Published: February 2019

AimMany studies have reported close relationships between oral and systemic health. We explored the association of the number of remaining teeth with medical costs and hospitalization duration in people aged 75 and 80 years.MethodsOral health examinations were carried out at dental clinics in 2014. Medical cost and hospitalization duration data for fiscal year 2015 were obtained from the Mie Prefecture health insurer. We analyzed the data of 4700 individuals who met our inclusion criteria: 2745 75‐year‐olds and 1955 80‐year‐olds. The effects of remaining tooth numbers on medical costs and hospitalization days were analyzed using a generalized linear model with log link adjustment for confounders.ResultsTotal medical costs for all diseases were significantly higher in those with 20–27, 10–19 and 1–9 teeth, and in edentulous older individuals, compared with those with 28 teeth. Outpatient medical costs for diabetes were significantly higher in those with 20–27 and 1–9 teeth. Inpatient medical costs for digestive cancers were significantly higher in those with 10–19 and 1–9 teeth, and in edentulous older individuals. Hospitalization for digestive cancer was significantly longer in those with 20–27, 10–19 and 1–9 teeth, and in edentulous older individuals, than in those with 28 teeth. The number of teeth as a continuous variable was significantly inversely associated with medical costs for cerebrovascular disease and digestive cancer, and hospitalization days for digestive cancer.ConclusionSmall numbers of teeth were associated with higher medical costs and longer hospital stays for older Japanese. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 335–341.
Influence of the phenotype on mycosis fungoides prognosis, a retrospective cohort study of 160 patients
Authors: Jaque Alejandra , Mereniuk Alexandra , Walsh Scott , Shear Neil H. , Sade Shachar , Zagorski Brandon , Alhusayen Raed 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMycosis fungoides (MF) typically has a CD4+CD8− T‐cell phenotype. Rare cases of CD4−CD8+, CD4−CD8−, or CD4+CD8+ immunophenotypes have been described. Little is known about the impact of MF immunophenotypes on disease behavior.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to review all cases of MF from 2007 to 2017 from Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada. CD4+CD8− (Group 1) was compared to the three less common subtypes (Group 2) with respect to stage at diagnosis, progression, and transformation. Potential confounding factors (demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters) were assessed.ResultsA total of 160 patients with confirmed MF were analyzed, including 126 CD4+CD8− MF (79%), 26 CD4−CD8+ MF (16%), six CD4+CD8+ MF (4%), and two CD4−CD8− MF (1%). Both groups were similar with respect to demographics and laboratory parameters at the time of diagnosis. There was no difference between patients with late stage disease (10% vs. 9%) for groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.901). There was no statistically significant difference either in 5‐year progression (27.7% vs. 23.5%, P = 0.283) or transformation (16.2% vs. 17.3%, P = 0.350) estimates. We did find that atypical immunophenotypes presented with different clinical morphologies and were less likely to require systemic therapy.ConclusionOur large cohort study indicates that atypical MF immunophenotypes do not seem to influence prognosis. Hypopigmented MF was more frequent in the CD4−CD8+ group while folliculotropic MF was exclusively seen in the CD4+CD8− group. We believe that cases of CD8+ MF with aggressive behavior described in the literature represent misclassified primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ T‐cell lymphoma. The small number of patients included in the study is a limiting factor.
New trends in voiding cystourethrography and vesicoureteral reflux: Who, when and how?
Authors: Arlen Angela M , Cooper Christopher S 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVesicoureteral reflux, retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract, is one of the most common urological diagnoses in the pediatric population. Diagnosis and subsequent management of urinary reflux have become increasingly debated in the past decade, with divergent opinions over which patients should be evaluated for reflux, and when detected, which children should receive intervention. Although some argue that vesicoureteral reflux is a “phenotype” that often resolves without intervention, others contest that untreated reflux has the potential to cause irreversible renal damage over time. Voiding cystourethrogram images the urethra and bladder during both bladder filling and emptying, as well as the ureters and kidneys when reflux is present, and is considered the gold standard for diagnosing vesicoureteral reflux. Once detected, therapeutic options for urinary reflux are diverse, ranging from observation with or without low‐dose antibiotic prophylaxis to a variety of operative interventions. Management should be based on a multitude of factors including patient age, risk of subsequent urinary tract infections, risk of renal parenchymal injury, a given child's projected clinical course and parental preference. Over the past two decades, investigators have elucidated many crucial voiding cystourethrogram findings in addition to grade that provide significant prognostic information and are useful in determining the best course of action for a child on a more individualized basis.
An avian influenza virus A(H7N9) reassortant that recently emerged in the United States with low pathogenic phenotype does not efficiently infect swine
Authors: Powell Joshua D. , Abente Eugenio J. , Torchetti Mia K. , Killian Mary L. , Vincent Amy L. 
Published: February 2019

In 2017, outbreaks of low and highly pathogenic avian H7N9 viruses were reported in four States in the United States. In total, over 270 000 birds died or were culled, causing significant economic loss. The potential for avian‐to‐swine transmission of the U.S. avian H7N9 was unknown. In an experimental challenge in swine using a representative low pathogenic H7N9 (A/chicken/Tennessee/17‐007431‐3/2017; LPAI TN/17) isolated from these events, no infectious virus in the upper and minimal virus in the lower respiratory tract was detected, nor was lung pathology or evidence of transmission in pigs observed, indicating that the virus cannot efficiently infect swine.
How did terricolous fungi originate in the Mediterranean region? A case study with a gypsicolous lichenized species
Authors: Chiva Salvador , Garrido‐Benavent Isaac , Moya Patricia , Molins Arantzazu , Barreno Eva 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThe historical causes responsible for the wide distribution of terricolous, crustose lichenized fungi across the Mediterranean Basin and the Canary Islands have never been explored. Here, we used the terricolous, circum‐Mediterranean/Macaronesian species Buellia zoharyi (Caliciaceae, Ascomycota) to infer the time frame, and the climatic, geological and ecological factors influencing the origin and current spatial distribution of this species.LocationMediterranean Basin and Canary Islands.MethodsData from two nuclear markers (nrITS and tef1) obtained from 226 specimens of 23 populations covering the entire distribution range of B. zoharyi were used to calculate genetic diversity indices and haplotype networks and to investigate population size changes and structure. Three secondary calibrations were used to estimate the timing of the divergence of B. zoharyi from its hypothesized sister species, B. elegans, and the diversification of B. zoharyi.ResultsWe found low nucleotide diversity and two geographically differentiated haplogroups, with a contact zone in the Iberian Peninsula. The three dating approaches established wide temporal windows for the divergence of B. zoharyi from B. elegans (Eocene‐Pliocene) and its diversification (Miocene‐Pleistocene). These intervals overlap with the origin and diversification ages found in other lichen‐forming fungi and vascular plants inhabiting the Mediterranean region.Main conclusionsIn the context of lichen biogeography, our results support ecological specialization as well as geological and climatic events as drivers of the evolutionary history of B. zoharyi in the Mediterranean. In particular, the combined effects of the Messinian salinity crisis and the subsequent Zanclean Flood on the availability of gypsum soils in the Mediterranean Basin, as well as the Quaternary climatic oscillations, seem to have collectively shaped the amount and distribution of B. zoharyi population genetic diversity.
Phylogeography and post‐glacial dynamics in the clonal‐sexual orchid Cypripedium calceolus L.
Authors: Gargiulo Roberta , Pironon Samuel , Zheleznaya Ekaterina , Sanchez Michele D. , Balázs Zoltan R. , Podar Dorina , Wilkinson Timothy , Jäkäläniemi Anne , Kull Tiiu , Väre Henry , Fay Michael F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimWe investigated the phylogeographical history of a clonal‐sexual orchid, to test the hypothesis that current patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation retain the traces of climatic fluctuations and of the species reproductive system.LocationEurope, Siberia and Russian Far East.TaxonCypripedium calceolus L. (Orchidaceae).MethodsSamples (>900, from 56 locations) were genotyped at 11 nuclear microsatellite loci and plastid sequences were obtained for a subset of them. Analysis of genetic structure and approximate Bayesian computations were performed. Species distribution modelling was used to explore the effects of past climatic fluctuations on the species range.ResultsAnalysis of genetic diversity reveals high heterozygosity and allele diversity, with no geographical trend. Three genetic clusters are identified with extant gene pools derived from ancestral demes in glacial refugia. Siberian populations exhibit different plastid haplotypes, supporting an early divergence for the Asian gene pool. Demographic results based on genetic data are compatible with an admixture event explaining differentiation in Estonia and Romania and they are consistent with past climatic dynamics inferred through species distribution modelling. Current population differentiation does not follow isolation by distance model and is compatible with a model of isolation by colonization.Main conclusionsThe genetic differentiation observed today in C. calceolus preserves the signature of climatic fluctuations in the historical distribution range of the species. Our findings support the central role of clonal reproduction in the reducing loss of diversity through genetic drift. The dynamics of the clonal‐sexual reproduction are responsible for the persistence of ancestral variation and stability during glacial periods and post‐glacial expansion.
EIF5A regulates proliferation and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer through the sHH signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Zheng , Jiang Jie , Qin Tao , Xiao Ying , Han Liang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) has a very poor prognosis and comparatively short survival. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (EIF5A) promotes cancer metastasis. Here, we exploited the biological role of EIF5A in PC chemoresistance.MethodsExpression of EIF5A was analysed in PC cells and tissues by real‐time PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent. EIF5A expression was specifically suppressed by transfection, and subsequently the alterations of growth behaviour and resistance to anticancer treatment were tested in an orthotopic tumour model.ResultsThe results showed EIF5A was increased in human PC tissues and PC cells. We found EIF5A knockdown reduced the PC proliferation ability in vivo and in vitro. In addition, sonic hedgehog (sHH) signalling pathway may be a downstream of EIF5A in PC cells. Inhibition of EIF5A and sHH signalling pathway could suppress PC cells proliferation and tumour growth. Importantly, EIF5A played an important role in gemcitabine sensitivity for PC.ConclusionTaken together, our results revealed that EIF5A regulated the proliferation of PC through the sHH signalling pathway and decreased the Gem sensitivity in PC, which provided a novel therapeutic strategy for PC patients.
Mutant hFGF23(A12D) stimulates osteoblast differentiation through FGFR3
Authors: Tu Yilin , Qu Taoran , Chen Fengshan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a member of the FGF family involved in bone development by interacting with FGFRs. In a previous study, we discovered a mutant human FGF (hFGF) 23 (A12D) in the mandibular prognathism (MP) pedigree. However, the exact role of hFGF23(A12D) during bone formation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the function of hFGF23(A12D) in bone formation. We infected isolated rat calvaria (RC) cells with the recombinant lentivirus containing mutant hFGF23(A12D) and WT hFGF23 respectively. Real‐time PCR, western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that hFGF23(A12D) failed to be secreted. We measured cell growth via the CCK‐8 assay based on Zsgreen expression, detected cell differentiation ability via alkaline phosphatase staining, performed RT‐PCR and found that hFGF23(A12D) inhibited proliferation of RC cells and stimulated the differentiation of RC cells to osteoblasts. Through RNA sequencing, RT‐PCR and western blot, we found increased expression of FGFR3. Through co‐immunoprecipitation assays and immunofluorescence staining, we revealed that hFGF23(A12D) activated the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling pathway through interactions with the intracellular domain of FGFR3. In summary, we determined the mechanisms of hFGF23(A12D) involved in osteoblast generation and formation which is specifically due to its interaction with FGFR3.
Reproductive strategy as a major factor determining female body size and fertility of a gregarious parasitoid
Authors: Samková Alena , Hadrava Jiří , Skuhrovec Jiří , Janšta Petr 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe generally known “adult size‐fitness hypothesis” (ASFH) is applied to the gregarious parasitic wasp Anaphes flavipes (Foerster, 1841) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). ASFH is dependent on the reproductive strategy of the mother, which means the larger females have more offspring compared to smaller females. Two main factors, the mother's body size and food quantity received during larval development, can affect the body size of the offspring. For the first time, we present a study on the relative effect of both factors on fitness of the same species, wasp A. flavipes. Our data confirmed that females of A. flavipes with larger body sizes had more offspring compared to smaller ones. At the same time, mother's body size does not seem to affect the body size of the offspring. The other studied factor, quantity of food received during larval development, can be influenced by reproductive strategy (number of parasitoids developing in one host egg), host quality or the duration of development. We found only the reproductive strategy to have a statistically significant effect on body size. We demonstrated that the variable reproductive strategy (VRS) of wasp A. flavipes causes a plasticity in body size and future number of offspring. The generally known “trade‐off” scheme (more small offspring or fewer bigger offspring) does not apply to A. flavipes, because their large females have more offspring and it is their reproductive strategy that determines body size.
Zebrafish fin‐derived fibroblast cell line: A model for in vitro wound healing
Authors: Kalaiselvi Sivalingam Nathiga Nambi , Seepoo Abdul Majeed , Gani Taju , Selvam Sivakumar , Azeez Sait Sahul Hameed 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study was to develop and characterize a cell line from the caudal fin tissue of zebrafish and also its application as an in vitro model to study the effect of H2O2 in wound healing. Fibroblastic cell line was developed using explant culture method from caudal fin tissue of zebrafish and characterized. This cell line was named as DrF cell line. The DrF cells treated with 0–10 µM/ml H2O2 were tested for viability, proliferation and motility by MTT assay, trypan blue assay and chemotaxis assay, respectively. Among the different concentrations of H2O2, 4 µM was found to be nontoxic to study cell migration in in vitro scratch wound assay. Furthermore, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and chemokine receptor (CXCR4) genes was carried by qPCR. The cell survival, proliferation and migration were extremely enriched at 4 µM level of H2O2. We observed accelerated wound closure in DrF cells treated with H2O2. The qPCR results indicated that H2O2 markedly up‐regulated mRNA expression of PCNA and CXCR4. The findings from our study suggest that H2O2 at low levels promotes cell survival, proliferation, migration and wound healing in DrF cells.
CAN NONLOCAL TRADERS CAPTURE THE LOCAL INFORMATION ADVANTAGE AND PROFIT?
Authors: Meshcheryakov Artem , Winters Drew B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMarket makers located in geographic proximity (local) to companies possess a local information advantage that comes from access to soft information. We study whether a nonlocal trader can capture the local information advantage and profit without relocating. We develop a trading strategy for the nonlocal trader that generates “buy” and “sell” signals for stocks based on quotes of local market makers. Our findings suggest it is possible, albeit difficult, for nonlocal traders to extract local information from local market makers’ quotes. Using limit orders from buy signals, we generate up to 7.6 basis points of abnormal return per day.
Association of low alanine aminotransferase with loss of independence or death: A 5‐year population‐based cohort study
Authors: Yamazaki Hajime , Kamitani Tsukasa , Matsui Takeshi , Yamamoto Yosuke , Fukuhara Shunichi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimAlanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an important enzyme for amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis, and low ALT is an indicator of vitamin B6 deficiency. However, it is unknown whether individuals with low ALT are likely to develop loss of independence (LOI) or death. We investigated the association of low ALT with LOI or death in the elderly.MethodsBetween 2008 and 2010, 2,484 elderly individuals (≥ 65 years old) without functional dependency from the Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcomes in the Aizu Cohort Study were enrolled. Based on baseline ALT values, the participants were divided into the following groups: ALT < 10 (n = 73), 10–20 (n = 1,372), 20–30 (reference, n = 734), 30–40 (n = 201), and ≥ 40 (n = 104) U/L groups. LOI was defined as requiring complete support for basic activities of daily living, which is care levels 3–5 in Japanese long‐term care insurance certifications. The hazard ratios of LOI or death were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsDuring the median follow‐up period of 5.75 (interquartile range 4.85–5.83) years, LOI or death occurred in 195 participants (7.85%). Compared with ALT 20–30 U/L, low ALT was associated with LOI or death (multivariable adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 3.02 [1.57–5.81] and 1.55 [1.07–2.24] in ALT < 10 and 10–20 U/L groups, respectively), while high ALT was not (1.29 [0.72–2.31] and 1.49 [0.68–3.25] in ALT 30–40 and ≥ 40 U/L groups, respectively).ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of not only high ALT, indicating liver injury, but also low ALT associated with LOI or death.