bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient attitudes toward novel glaucoma drug delivery approaches
Authors: Wang Benjamin B. , Lin Michael M. , Nguyen Thuan , Turalba Angela V. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeUnderstanding patients’ attitudes toward novel therapeutic options can help guide providers in personalizing treatment regimens for glaucoma patients. This study aimed to determine factors associated with acceptance of new drug delivery options among glaucoma patients.
MethodsA total of 199 patient volunteers participated in an interviewer-administered survey from June to August 2016 at the Glaucoma Service of Massachusetts Eye and Ear. The questionnaire was designed to determine acceptance of 6 drug delivery approaches: (1) triple combination eye drop, (2) microdose eye spray, (3) drug-eluting contact lens, (4) drug-eluting periocular ring insert, (5) injectable subconjunctival drug insert, and (6) injectable anterior chamber implant. Other factors analyzed included self-reported demographics, disease severity, and prior ocular history.
ResultsThe average respondent age was 63.2 ± 15.1 years; 48% were female. For approaches 1-6 listed above, overall acceptance rates were, respectively, 85%, 54%, 31%, 43%, 32%, and 30%. Patients with greater disease severity and prior incisional glaucoma surgery were more likely to pursue alternatives to traditional eye drops.
ConclusionsThere is limited acceptance of alternatives to traditional eye drop medications among glaucoma patients. Understanding motivating factors and potential barriers to patient acceptance of novel drug delivery approaches is important in how providers will incorporate these glaucoma treatment options into practice.
Treatment Efficacy of Different Surgical Procedures for Postoperative Residual Rectourethral Fistula Following Anoplasty
Authors: Zhang Tingchong , Chen Wei , Pang Wenbo , Peng Chunhui , Chen Yajun , Zhang Jinzhe 
Published: February 2019

Background/Purpose:
This study summarizes the surgical treatment options and their clinical efficacy for postoperative residual rectourethral fistula following anoplasty in patients treated in our department from July 2005 to July 2012.

Methods:
For 38 cases of postoperative residual rectourethral fistula following anoplasty, according to differences in anal appearance and functionality, either an anterior sagittal or a posterior sagittal surgical rectourethral fistula repair procedure was performed.

Results:
The residual rectourethral fistula following anoplasty was an obvious tube-like structure with a length of 0.9 ± 0.4 cm. Healing after the 1-stage operation was achieved in 37 cases. Among these cases, 35 were followed up and showed no urethral stricture and no diverticulum. The clinical score for anal function was excellent in 31 cases and good in 4 cases, with significant differences compared with the scores before surgery (P &lt; 0.05). The respective operative times for the 2 surgical procedures were 74.6 ± 10.1 minutes and 105.6 ± 14.6 minutes (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions:
The appropriate choice of surgical procedure was dependent on the patients' anal appearance and functionality. Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty was suitable in cases with a severely disordered perineal appearance, and it was a relatively difficult operation. In contrast, anterior sagittal anorectoplasty was best applied in patients with minor alteration in perineal appearance, and it had a clear surgical field and was easy to perform. In this study, the repair of cases of residual rectourethral fistula following anoplasty using anterior sagittal or posterior sagittal anorectoplasty showed high success rates, and anal function was significantly improved.
Molybdenum Dioxide in Carbon Nanoreactors as a Catalytic Nanosponge for the Efficient Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels
Authors: Astle Maxwell A. , Rance Graham A. , Loughlin Hannah J. , Peters Thomas D. , Khlobystov Andrei N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe principle of a “catalytic nanosponge” that combines the catalysis of organosulfur oxidation and sequestration of the products from reaction mixtures is demonstrated. Group VI metal oxide nanoparticles (CrOx, MoOx, WOx) are embedded within hollow graphitized carbon nanofibers (GNFs), which act as nanoscale reaction vessels for oxidation reactions used in the decontamination of fuel. When immersed in a model liquid alkane fuel contaminated with organosulfur compounds (benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, dimethyldibenzothiophene), it is found that MoO2@GNF nanoreactors, comprising 30 nm molybdenum dioxide nanoparticles grown within the channel of GNFs, show superior abilities toward oxidative desulfurization (ODS), affording over 98% sulfur removal at only 5.9 mol% catalyst loading. The role of the carbon nanoreactor in MoO2@GNF is to enhance the activity and stability of catalytic centers over at least 5 cycles. Surprisingly, the nanotube cavity can selectively absorb and remove the ODS products (sulfoxides and sulfones) from several model fuel systems. This effect is related to an adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) mechanism, which in combination with ODS within the same material, yields a “catalytic nanosponge” MoO2@GNF. This innovative ODS and ADS synergistic functionality negates the need for a solvent extraction step in fuel desulfurization and produces ultralow sulfur fuel.
Transient Negative Capacitance Effect in Atomic‐Layer‐Deposited Al2O3/Hf0.3Zr0.7O2 Bilayer Thin Film
Authors: Kim Keum Do , Kim Yu Jin , Park Min Hyuk , Park Hyeon Woo , Kwon Young Jae , Lee Yong Bin , Kim Han Joon , Moon Taehwan , Lee Young Hwan , Hyun Seung Dam , Kim Baek Su , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe negative capacitance (NC) effect is now attracting a great deal of attention in work towards low‐power operation of field effect transistors and extremely large capacitance density in dynamic random access memory. However, to date, observation of the NC effect in dielectric/ferroelectric bilayer capacitors has been limited to the use of epitaxial ferroelectric thin films based on perovskite crystal structures, such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and BaTiO3, which is not compatible with current complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. This work, therefore, reports on the transient NC effect in amorphous‐Al2O3/polycrystalline‐Hf0.3Zr0.7O2 bilayer systems prepared using atomic layer deposition. The thin film processing conditions are carefully tuned to achieve the appropriate ferroelectric performances that are a prerequisite for the examination of the transient NC effect. Capacitance enhancement is observed in a wide voltage range in 5–10 nm thick Al2O3/Hf0.3Zr0.7O2 bilayer thin films. It is found that the capacitance of the dielectric layer plays a critical role in the determination of additional charge density induced by the NC effect. In addition, inhibition of the leakage current is important for stabilization of nonhysteretic charge–discharge behavior of the bilayers. The mean‐field approximation combined with classical Landau formalism precisely reproduces the experimental results.
Tessellation of Chiral‐Nematic Cellulose Nanocrystal Films by Microtemplating
Authors: Tardy Blaise L. , Mattos Bruno D. , Greca Luiz G. , Kämäräinen Tero , Klockars Konrad W. , Rojas Orlando J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn biological architectures, material properties are optimized by the hierarchical structuring of components with a multiscaled order, from the nano‐ to the macroscales. Such designs enable, for instance, programmed yield points that maximize toughness. However, research efforts in biomimetic materials have focused on the assembly of nano‐ or macrostructures individually. In this study, high strength cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), assembled into chiral‐nematically ordered structures, are tiled into a higher level, macro‐sized, architecture by topographical templating. As templates, two meshed architectures with distinct feature sizes are evaluated, and the optomechanical properties of the resulting films are compared to featureless, flat, CNC films. Controlling capillary stresses arising during CNC assembly is shown to enable control over the orientation of the chiral‐nematic director across the topography of the template. Tuning the specific reflections and multiscaled fracture propagation is demonstrated for the microtemplated CNC films. The latter phenomenon contributed to enhancing the toughness of the material through a high tortuosity of fracture propagation in all (x, y, z) directions. The presented findings are expected to pave the way towards the incorporation of current research in cellular metamaterials with the research focusing on the generation of nanoscaled biomimetic constructs.
Collectively Exhaustive Electrodes Based on Covalent Organic Framework and Antagonistic Co‐Doping for Electroactive Ionic Artificial Muscles
Authors: Roy Sandipan , Kim Jaehwan , Kotal Moumita , Tabassian Rassoul , Kim Kwang J. , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, high‐performance ionic soft actuators are developed for the first time using collectively exhaustive boron and sulfur co‐doped porous carbon electrodes (BS‐COF‐Cs), derived from thiophene‐based boronate‐linked covalent organic framework (T‐COF) as a template. The one‐electron deficiency of boron compared to carbon leads to the generation of hole charge carriers, while sulfur, owing to its high electron density, creates electron carriers in BS‐COF‐C electrodes. This antagonistic functionality of BS‐COF‐C electrodes assists the charge‐transfer rate, leading to fast charge separation in the developed ionic soft actuator under alternating current input signals. Furthermore, the hierarchical porosity, high surface area, and synergistic effect of co‐doping of the BS‐COF‐Cs play crucial roles in offering effective interaction of BS‐COF‐Cs with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), leading to the generation of high electro‐chemo‐mechanical performance of the corresponding composite electrodes. Finally, the developed ionic soft actuator based on the BS‐COF‐C electrode exhibits large bending strain (0.62%), excellent durability (90% retention for 6 hours under operation), and 2.7 times higher bending displacement than PEDOT:PSS under extremely low harmonic input of 0.5 V. This study reveals that the antagonistic functionality of heteroatom co‐doped electrodes plays a crucial role in accelerating the actuation performance of ionic artificial muscles.
Tuning Chiral Nematic Pitch of Bioresourced Photonic Films via Coupling Organic Acid Hydrolysis
Authors: Cheng Zheng , Ye Huilin , Cheng Feng , Li Hongyan , Ma Yi , Zhang Qing , Natan Avi , Mukhopadhyay Alolika , Jiao Yucong , Li Ying , Liu Yongmin , Zhu Hongli 
Published: February 2019

AbstractControlling the iridescent photonic film generated by self‐assembly of colorless cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) from the nanoscale to macroscale is challenging. This study combines experimental and computational approaches to systematically investigate the correlation between electrostatic interactions and chiral nematic structures. The chiral nematic order of the CNC colloidal is preserved in solid films after the evaporation of water. The cross‐sections of the iridescent film show a clear left‐handed helical arrangement of nanocrystals. The helical structure with the aid of acrylic acid exhibits longer organized patterns. This work reveals that compared to CNC prepared by pure sulfuric acid (zeta potential −37.1 mV), the CNC prepared using coupled mineral sulfuric and organic acrylic acid has a higher zeta potential (−67.2 mV), which induces the increase of helical pitch of the cholesteric nematic phase from 312 to 409 nm and a red shift of the iridescent film. Consequently, the tuning of reflected light wavelength lies in the variation of chiral nematic pitch inside the layered structure, which gives rise to different iridescent colors. The bioresourced photonic film is appealing to both academia and industry where optical and photonic components are essential.
What Will Come After V‐NAND—Vertical Resistive Switching Memory?
Authors: Yoon Kyung Jean , Kim Yumin , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe NAND flash memory serves as the key enabler of the flourishing of portable handheld information devices, such as the cellular phone. The recent upsurge in the sales of vertical NAND flash memory (V‐NAND) entails a further increase in the available information capacity at the edge devices and the servers with higher performance and lower power consumption compared with the magnetic hard‐disc drives. Nonetheless, there will certainly be an upper limit for the number of stacked layers, which will be the point at which further memory density increase will stop. While V‐NAND is a supreme outcome of semiconductor memory technologies, it still relies on conventional Si‐based materials. The newly explored memory materials and concepts, such as the resistance‐based memories, can therefore be an appealing contender to or successor of V‐NAND. In this review, the current state of V‐NAND is first briefly looked into, and then the eventual limitation of memory density increase and performance boost are discussed. Most importantly, the possible strategies of integrating the resistance‐based memories into the vertical architecture are then discussed. Finally, the outlook for such resistance‐based vertical memories is presented.
A High‐Power Na3V2(PO4)3‐Bi Sodium‐Ion Full Battery in a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Wang Chenchen , Du Dongfeng , Song Mingming , Wang Yunhai , Li Fujun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) that operate in a wide temperature range are in high demand for practical large‐scale electric energy storage. Herein, a novel full SIB is composed of a bulk Bi anode, a Na3V2(PO4)3/carbon nanotubes composite (NVP‐CNTs) cathode and a NaPF6‐diglyme electrolyte. The Bi anode gradually evolves into a porous network in the ether‐based electrolyte during initial cycles, and in the NVP‐CNTs cathode the NVP is cross linked by CNTs to show large exchange current density. These unique features merit the full SIB of Bi//NVP‐CNTs with high Na+ diffusion coefficient and low reaction activation energy, and hence fast Na+ transport and facile redox reaction kinetics. The resultant full SIB presents high power density of 2354.6 W kg−1 and energy density of 150 Wh kg−1 and superior cycling stability in a wide temperature range from −15 to 45 °C. This will shed light on battery design, and promote their development for practical applications in various weather conditions.
Cesarean birth and the growth of Yucatec Maya and Toba/Qom children
Authors: Veile Amanda , Valeggia Claudia , Kramer Karen L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveCesarean delivery is often epidemiologically associated with childhood obesity. However, little attention is paid to post‐birth modulatory environments, and most studies are conducted in settings where obesity arises for a number of reasons in addition to birth mode. We therefore assess population differences in the relationship between birth mode and childhood growth using data from rural and peri‐urban Latin American indigenous populations, and test predictions developed using life history theory.MethodsChild height and weight were measured monthly in 80 Yucatec Maya and 58 Toba/Qom children aged 1‐48 months (2007‐2014, 3812 observations). Random‐effects linear mixed models were used to compare children's growth by population, sex, and birth mode, accounting for potential confounders.ResultsCesarean delivery rates were 47% (Toba/Qom) and 20% (Yucatec Maya). Childhood obesity and overweight rates were low in both populations. Cesarean‐delivered children had significantly greater weight gain (but similar height grain) compared to vaginally‐delivered children. By age 4, cesarean delivered Yucatec Maya girls and boys, and Toba/Qom boys (not girls), had significantly higher weight‐for‐age compared to vaginally‐delivered children from their own sex and population.ConclusionsThis provides one of the first attempts to document differences in children's growth patterns according to mode of birth in modernizing indigenous populations. Cesarean delivery is associated with young children's growth patterns, even in the absence of many obesity‐inducing factors. There are also population, age, and sex differences in the relationship between birth mode and childhood weight trajectories that warrant future investigation.
Practical Route to Neokotalanol and Its Natural Analogues: Sulfonium Sugars with Antidiabetic Activities
Authors: Huang Yuhao , Gao Yunlong , He Weigang , Wang Zihao , Li Wei , Lin Aijun , Xu Jinyi , Tanabe Genzoh , Muraoka Osamu , Wu Xiaoming , Xie Weijia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn efficient and divergent approach toward the synthesis of all four de‐O‐sulfonated sulfonium type α‐glucosidase inhibitors, originally isolated from plants of genus Salacia, is reported for the first time. The key strategy features a coupling reaction between thiol derivatives and a diiodide counterpart. The newly designed thiol coupling partner presents high chemical stability, while the diiodide partner could be easily obtained with increased overall yields compared with conventional routes. The intermolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction followed by a diastereoselective intramolecular cyclization provided the target five‐member sulfonium salt structure, which was connected in an α‐orientation to a polyhydroxylated side‐chain moiety.
Anomalous coordination behaviour of 6‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxaldehyde‐4(N)‐substituted Schiff bases in Cu(II) complexes: Studies of structure, biomolecular interactions and cytotoxicity
Authors: Elamathi C. , Butcher Ray , Prabhakaran R. 
Published: February 2019

A series of copper(II) complexes containing 6‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxaldehyde‐derived Schiff bases have been synthesized and characterised using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. X‐ray crystallographic analysis confirmed the true coordinating nature of ligands with copper ion. The ligands exhibited ONS tridentate neutral and monobasic coordination. The spectroscopic results evidenced the interaction of the ligands and their copper(II) complexes with nucleic acid/serum albumin. Further, the complexes showed significant activity against human skin cancer cell line (A431) and less toxicity against human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Acridine orange/propidium iodide dual staining studies indicated that the major cause of A431 cell death was through necrosis. By comparing the biological activity of all the ligands, Cu(II) complexes and standard (cisplatin), complex [Cu(H‐6MOQtsc‐Ph)(H2O)]⋅NO3 (4) exhibited better activity than others, the activity being arranged as follows: 4 > 1 > cisplatin > 3 > 2.
Back to Basics: Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the past 20 to 30 years, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become commonplace in almost all surgical specialties. The needs of the perioperative team and patients are different during MIS than during traditional open surgery. The equipment and instrumentation required to perform MIS are extensive and continue to evolve as new techniques are developed. As advances in MIS occur and more procedures are completed using this method, some surgeons are conducting research studies related to the efficacy of certain longstanding MIS protocols. Perioperative nurses are challenged to stay current on the available technology and results of research studies so that they can provide safe patient care. This Back to Basics article will provide basic strategies for perioperative nurses to ensure successful MIS outcomes for patients.
Perioperative Do‐Not‐Resuscitate Suspension: The Patient's Perspective
Authors: Hiestand Debbie , Beaman Margaret 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHospitalized patients with do‐not‐resuscitate (DNR) orders commonly require surgical procedures. When this occurs, the usual practice in our medical center is to suspend the DNR order during the perioperative period. Few studies provide the patient perspective regarding automatic DNR suspension. The research team used a mixed‐method, nonexperimental qualitative study design to conduct audio‐recorded interviews with 17 nonsurgical patients who had DNR orders. We studied the patients' understanding of DNR status and their expectations regarding the changing of this status if surgery were required. The patients in the study expected a discussion regarding any change in their DNR status before the day of surgery and thought they should have the option to maintain their DNR status.
An LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of diclofenac sodium in dairy cow plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics studies
Authors: Yang Ya‐Jun , Liu Xi‐Wang , Kong Xiao‐Jun , Qin Zhe , Li Shi‐Hong , Jiao Zeng‐Hua , Li Jian‐Yong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn LC–MS/MS method with internal standard tolfenamic acid for determining diclofenac sodium (DCF) in dairy cow plasma was developed and validated. Samples were processed with protein precipitation by cold formic acid–acetonitrile. Determination of DCF was performed using LC–ESI+–MS/MS with the matrix‐matched calibration curve. The results showed that the method was sensitive (LOD 2 ng mL−1, LOQ 5 ng mL−1), accurate (97.60 ± 5.64%), precise (<10%) and linear in the range of 5–10,000 ng mL−1. A single intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 5% diclofenac sodium injection at a dose of 2.2 mg kg−1 was performed in six healthy dairy cows according to a two‐period crossover design. The main pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters after a single i.v. administration were as follows: t1/2β, 4.52 ± 1.71 h; AUC, 77.79 ± 16.76 h μg mL−1; mean residence time, 5.16 ± 1.11 h. The main PK parameters after a single i.m. administration were as follows: Tmax, 2.38 ± 1.19 h; Cmax, 7.46 ± 1.85 μg mL−1; t1/2β, 9.46 ± 2.86 h; AUC 67.57 ± 13.07 h μg mL−1. The absolute bioavailability was 87.37 ± 5.96%. The results showed that the diclofenac sodium injection had PK characteristics of rapid absorption and slow elimination, and high peak concentration and bioavailability in dairy cows, and that the recommended clinical dosage of diclofenac sodium injection is 2.2 mg kg−1.
Retrograde aortic approach for atrial fibrillation ablation with a conventional 3‐D mapping catheter: A case report
Authors: Comandante Christian , Chang Po‐Cheng , Huang Yu‐Chang , Chou Chung‐Chuan 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageThe presence of a Gore‐Tex patch can create difficulty in performing transeptal puncture for atrial septal defect patients underwent atrial fibrillation ablation. The maneuverability and stability of using manually operated catheters via retrograde aortic approach could be overcome by a large‐curved catheter to form a loop facilitating approachability to all parts of left atrium.