bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and acceptability of a rural, pragmatic, telemedicine‐delivered healthy lifestyle programme
Authors: Batsis John A. , McClure Auden C. , Weintraub Aaron B. , Kotz David F. , Rotenberg Sivan , Cook Summer B. , Gilbert‐Diamond Diane , Curtis Kevin , Stevens Courtney J. , Sette Diane , Rothstein Richard I. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe public health crisis of obesity leads to increasing morbidity that are even more profound in certain populations such as rural adults. Live, two‐way video‐conferencing is a modality that can potentially surmount geographic barriers and staffing shortages.MethodsPatients from the Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Weight and Wellness Center were recruited into a pragmatic, single‐arm, nonrandomized study of a remotely delivered 16‐week evidence‐based healthy lifestyle programme. Patients were provided hardware and appropriate software allowing for remote participation in all sessions, outside of the clinic setting. Our primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability of the telemedicine intervention, as well as potential effectiveness on anthropometric and functional measures.ResultsOf 62 participants approached, we enrolled 37, of which 27 completed at least 75% of the 16‐week programme sessions (27% attrition). Mean age was 46.9 ± 11.6 years (88.9% female), with a mean body mass index of 41.3 ± 7.1 kg/m2 and mean waist circumference of 120.7 ± 16.8 cm. Mean patient participant satisfaction regarding the telemedicine approach was favourable (4.48 ± 0.58 on 1‐5 Likert scale—low to high) and 67.6/75 on standardized questionnaire. Mean weight loss at 16 weeks was 2.22 ± 3.18 kg representing a 2.1% change (P < .001), with a loss in waist circumference of 3.4% (P = .001). Fat mass and visceral fat were significantly lower at 16 weeks (2.9% and 12.5%; both P < .05), with marginal improvement in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (1.7%). In the 30‐second sit‐to‐stand test, a mean improvement of 2.46 stands (P = .005) was observed.ConclusionA telemedicine‐delivered, intensive weight loss intervention is feasible, acceptable, and potentially effective in rural adults seeking weight loss.
Scaled boundary finite element modelling of thermally induced crack propagation
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Danish , Birk Carolin , Gravenkamp Hauke 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNumerical modelling of thermal shock processes is a very challenging task due to the rapid development of complex crack networks. In the context of linear elastic fracture mechanics, the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) has gained popularity due to its semi‐analytical nature. Here, modelling of stress singularities can be achieved efficiently and accurately. It also facilitates the derivation of generalized polygon elements and thus provides great flexibility in meshing of complex geometries. In crack propagation modelling, such polygon meshes require minimal re‐meshing in the vicinity of the crack.
Peridynamic investigation of dynamic brittle fracture
Authors: Butt Sahir , Meschke Günther 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the dynamic fracture process in amorphous brittle materials using 3D peridynamic analyses of dynamic crack propagation in PMMA plates subjected to quasi‐static loads. This loading condition allows one to assume, that the crack will accelerate to a steady‐state velocity and will continue propagating straight forward at a constant velocity. Dynamic crack instability and its effect on the fracture surface creation as well as the dissipated energy is analyzed numerically for cracks propagating at different velocities. Simulations reproduce many salient features of experimental observations, such as instabilities occurring at the crack tip for cracks propagating above a certain critical velocity. It is shown from the simulations, that increasing crack velocity results in excessively repeated micro‐branching. An increased energy dissipation is also observed at higher crack velocities in the simulations, which correspond to the well known velocity toughening effect. Simulations also reproduce a limiting crack speed, which is below the theoretical limit, i.e. the Rayleigh wave speed.
Numerical Solution of Viscoelastic Fluid‐Structure‐Diffusion Systems with Applications in Ophthalmology
Authors: Drobny Alexander , Friedmann Elfriede 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe research of fluid‐structure interaction problems is a continuously growing field, especially regarding applications in medicine and biology. We present the coupling of a potentially viscoelastic fluid with multiple hyperelastic structures incorporating chemical processes in the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian framework. This monolithic formulation allows a robust numerical solution with Newton's method. The discretization is based on the backward Euler scheme for temporal discretization and the Galerkin finite element method for spatial discretization. This fluid‐structure interaction problem is applied to ophthalmology in order to improve the medical treatment of retinal diseases. The physiological processes include the elastic response of various structures like the sclera, lens and iris coupled to the fluid‐like vitreous which is modeled by a viscoelastic Burgers type model for the healthy case and by the Newtonian Navier‐Stokes equations for the pathological case. Since most medical treatments are based on the injection of medicine we furthermore study the drug distribution, which is modeled by convection‐diffusion‐reaction equations, in the whole eye for healthy and non‐healthy pathologies.
On the pressure Poisson equation for the Stokes system
Authors: Pacheco Douglas R. Q. , Steinbach Olaf 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFor the numerical solution of the pressure Poisson equation, we consider an ultra–weak variational formulation and a related finite element method of Galerkin–Petrov type. While this allows a piecewise constant approximation of the pressure, the test functions have to be sufficiently smooth – in particular, we use modified B–splines of second order to guarantee conformity and stability, and optimal convergence. This novel formulation allows the computation of the pressure from either a given, measured, or precomputed velocity field as it appears in many applications in fluid mechanics.
Model order reduction applied to ALE‐fluid dynamics
Authors: Baroli Davide , Zilian Andreas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation allows the description of fluid dynamics involving moving and deforming fluid domains as they are found in many fluid‐structure interaction problems. This paper discusses a reduced order approach for ALE incompressible Navier‐Stokes flow formulated on a fixed reference configuration. Based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for generation of the reduced basis, the supermizer technique is adapted to the formulation involving a non‐affine term and used to ensure the fulfilment of the inf‐sup condition among the velocity and pressure basis. The approach is studied for an extended version of the classical driven‐cavity setup involving a non‐affine parameterization of the prescribed mesh deformation and a time‐dependent non‐homogeneous lid‐flow boundary condition.
Improved edge detection based on fractional derivatives for real‐time measurement systems
Authors: Loderer Maximilian , Beitelschmidt Michael 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSince edges are one of the most commonly used recognition features in object detection and image segmentation, their robust and clear recognition as well as the calculation in real time is important for most applications. It could be shown that the fractional filter CRONE leads to significantly better results in noisy images than classical filters such as Sobel or Prewitt, especially under the condition of real‐time capability. Unfortunately, the CRONE filter is a one‐dimensional filter and only leads to good results if its filter direction is perpendicular to the edge. Therefore, this paper presents the novel approach CRONE2D, the extension of the CRONE for surface input data like images, with much better results in detection of arbitrarily oriented edges.
Imperfection Sensitivity of Stiffened Cylindrical Shells Using a Mixed‐Hybrid Finite Element Formulation
Authors: Kern Simon , Dinkler Dieter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe imperfection sensitivity of stiffened cylinders is analysed on the basis of a critical perturbation associated with a minimum of strain energy. To identify worst perturbations including displacements and stresses, the perturbation energy concept is used, which is developed for mixed finite elements. Disadvantages in modelling branched structures due to stress discontinuities are avoided by transferring the concept to a mixed‐hybrid formulation. Beside an evaluation of common design recommendations, the identification of non‐initial perturbations lead to an insight into the quite complex buckling behaviour of stiffened shells.
The Taylor‐least‐squares time integrator scheme applied to tracer equations of a sea ice model
Authors: Nisters Carina , Schröder Jörg , Niekamp Rainer , Ricken Tim 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe viscous‐plastic sea ice model based on [2] describes the motion of sea ice for scales of several thousand kilometers. The numerical model for the simulation of sea ice circulation and evolution over a seasonal cycle includes the consideration of the sea ice thickness and sea ice concentration. Transient advection equations describe the physical behavior of both thickness and concentration with the velocity of the sea ice as the coupling field. Recent research on a finite element implementation of the sea ice model is devoted to formulations based on the (mixed) Galerkin variational approach, compare to [1] and [6] for instance. Here, particular treatments are necessary regarding the stabilization of the complex numerical scheme, especially for the first‐order advection equation. It is therefore suggested to utilize the mixed least‐squares finite element method (LSFEM), which is well established in the branch of, e.g., fluid mechanics. A significant advantage of the method is its applicability to first‐order systems. Thus, this method results in stable and robust formulations also for not self‐adjoint operators like the tracer equations. Moreover, in [7], the authors provide a promising higher‐order time integration scheme for transient advection equations denoted as Taylor‐least‐squares scheme, which is investigated in this article. The presented least‐squares finite element formulation is based on the unsteady sea ice equations including two tracer equations of transient advection type. The numerical problem of a Box test case is investigated.
Development and usability evaluation of an online self‐management intervention for fear of cancer recurrence (iConquerFear)
Authors: Smith Allan “Ben” , Bamgboje‐Ayodele Adeola , Butow Phyllis , Klein Britt , Turner Jane , Sharpe Louise , Fardell Joanna , Beatty Lisa , Pearce Alison , Thewes Belinda , Beith Jane ,   iConquerFear Community Advisory Group, Girgis Afaf 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and evaluate the usability of iConquerFear, an online self‐management adaptation of an efficacious face‐to‐face therapist‐delivered treatment for fear of cancer recurrence (FCR).MethodsiConquerFear development was theory based and person based. Development was guided by Ritterband et al's behaviour change model for internet interventions. iConquerFear end users (cancer survivors) provided iterative feedback in accordance with Yardley et al's person‐based approach to maximise engagement and usability. Online focus groups and cognitive interviews were conducted to evaluate the usability of iConquerFear. Discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed.ResultsFive online FCR modules were developed. Twenty‐three cancer survivors (47% of those eligible) participated; 11/23 (58%) were breast cancer survivors, and average age was 53 years (SD = 10.8). Thematic saturation was reached after six focus groups (n = 16) and seven individual think‐aloud interviews. Thematic analysis produced five overarching themes: easy navigation essential; satisfaction and engagement with content; flexible access is key; normalising and empowering; and a useful first step.ConclusionsOnline self‐management interventions like iConquerFear have the potential to address the unmet supportive care needs reported by burgeoning numbers of cancer survivors. However, that potential may not be realised unless interventions are rigorously developed and user tested, as benefits are constrained by limited engagement. Themes from the usability testing of iConquerFear highlight the importance of developing flexible, tailored, interactive, and contextual online self‐management interventions for people with cancer.
Large dam removal and early spontaneous riparian vegetation recruitment on alluvium in a former reservoir: Lessons learned from the pre‐removal phase of the Sélune River project (France)
Authors: Ravot Charlotte , Laslier Marianne , Hubert‐Moy Laurence , Dufour Simon , Le Coeur Didier , Bernez Ivan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe restoration of ecological continuity along the Sélune River (Normandy, France) involves the removal of two tall hydroelectric dams (36 m removed in 2019 and 16 m in 2021), a project without precedent in Europe. During the pre‐removal phase (2014–2018), we performed scientific monitoring of the vegetation that was colonizing alluvium in the former dam reservoir (length: 19 km; surface area: 151 ha).Our study aimed to analyse if spontaneous vegetation could ecologically restore the riparian zone and help maintain fine sediment after dam removal. We used colonization indicators related to vegetation structure, taxonomic richness and diversity, and composition. These indicators were calculated at two spatial scales (local, at a single site, and broad, along the reservoir). The aim was to (a) characterize the spontaneously established species pool; (b) analyse longitudinal patterns in vegetation colonization; and (c) assess temporal changes in the species community.Our results show that diverse plant communities have developed. Slight differences in longitudinal and lateral patterns existed; they were linked with habitat heterogeneity and the reservoir's slow pace of draining. We observed fast spontaneous terrestrialization, which has resulted in cover stabilization, decreased diversity, and the development of herbaceous riverbank communities, with very few invasive species. This finding suggests stabilization potential is high and passive ecological restoration could occur, at least locally. Further analyses focusing on functional traits could help inform future management decisions regarding revegetation on reservoir alluvium.
Promoting Neuro-Supportive Properties of Astrocytes with Epidermal Growth Factor Hydrogels
Authors: Chan Su Jing , Niu Wanting , Hayakawa Kazuhide , Hamanaka Gen , Wang Xiaoying , Cheah Pike See , Guo Shuzhen , Yu Zhangyang , Arai Ken , Selim Magdy H. , Kurisawa Motoichi , Spector Myron , Lo Eng H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Biomaterials provide novel platforms to deliver stem cell and growth factor therapies for central nervous system (CNS) repair. The majority of these approaches have focused on the promotion of neural progenitor cells and neurogenesis. However, it is now increasingly recognized that glial responses are critical for recovery in the entire neurovascular unit. In this study, we investigated the cellular effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) containing hydrogels on primary astrocyte cultures. Both EGF alone and EGF-hydrogel equally promoted astrocyte proliferation, but EGF-hydrogels further enhanced astrocyte activation, as evidenced by a significantly elevated Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene expression. Thereafter, conditioned media from astrocytes activated by EGF-hydrogel protected neurons against injury and promoted synaptic plasticity after oxygen–glucose deprivation. Taken together, these findings suggest that EGF-hydrogels can shift astrocytes into neuro-supportive phenotypes. Consistent with this idea, quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) demonstrated that EGF-hydrogels shifted astrocytes in part by downregulating potentially negative A1-like genes (Fbln5 and Rt1-S3) and upregulating potentially beneficial A2-like genes (Clcf1, Tgm1, and Ptgs2). Further studies are warranted to explore the idea of using biomaterials to modify astrocyte behavior and thus indirectly augment neuroprotection and neuroplasticity in the context of stem cell and growth factor therapies for the CNS. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1242&1248
Substitution Effect on Luminescence of 5H‐Indeno[1,2‐b]pyridin‐5‐one Based Isomers
Authors: Liu Di , Wei Qinhe , Li Deli , Dong Ruizhi , Jiang Wenfeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA series of novel fluorescent isomers were designed by using 5H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyridin‐5‐one (IP) as electron acceptor and triphenylamine (TPA) as electron donor, and were synthesized through Suzuki coupling reactions. The substitution position of TPA on IP was adjusted to form 6‐(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)‐5H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyridin‐5‐one (IP‐6‐TPA), IP‐7‐TPA, IP‐8‐TPA, and IP‐9‐TPA. The photophysical, thermal, and electrochemical properties of these isomers were systematically studied through experimental and theoretical methods. It was observed that the substitution position of TPA on IP results in different molecular conformation and finally determine the luminescent behavior of these isomers. The 6‐ and 9‐substituted isomers IP‐6‐TPA and IP‐9‐TPA with larger torsion angles exhibited thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) feature with long fluorescence lifetimes of microsecond range, while another two isomers IP‐7‐TPA and IP‐8‐TPA are only normal fluorescent molecules. Relatively higher photoluminescence quantum yields were detected for IP‐6‐TPA (0.70) and IP‐8‐TPA (0.69), while IP‐7‐TPA is poor emissive (0.23). These isomers were used as doped emitters to fabricate organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), among which IP‐6‐TPA realized the best performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.0% and a current efficiency of 24.2 cd A−1.
Rolling up MoSe2 Nanomembranes as a Sensitive Tubular Photodetector
Authors: Zhou Xuefei , Tian Ziao , Kim Hyuk Jin , Wang Yang , Xu Borui , Pan Ruobing , Chang Young Jun , Di Zengfeng , Zhou Peng , Mei Yongfeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides, as a kind of 2D material, are suitable for near‐infrared to visible photodetection owing to the bandgaps ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 eV. However, limited light absorption restricts photoresponsivity due to the ultrathin thickness of 2D materials. 3D tubular structures offer a solution to solve the problem because of the light trapping effect which can enhance optical absorption. In this work, thanks to mechanical flexibility of 2D materials, self‐rolled‐up technology is applied to build up a 3D tubular structure and a tubular photodetector is realized based on the rolled‐up molybdenum diselenide microtube. The tubular device is shown to present one order higher photosensitivity compared with planar counterparts. Enhanced optical absorption arising from the multiple reflections inside the tube is the main reason for the increased photocurrent. This tubular device offers a new design for increasing the efficiency of transition metal dichalcogenide–based photodetection and could hold great potential in the field of 3D optoelectronics.
Design, Fabrication, and Mechanics of 3D Micro‐/Nanolattices
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Wang Yujia , Ding Bin , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOver the past several decades, lattice materials have been developed and used as engineering materials for lightweight and stiff industrial structures. Recent advances in additive manufacturing techniques have prompted the emergence of architected materials with minimum characteristic sizes ranging from several micrometers to hundreds of nanometers. Taking advantage of the topological design, structural optimization, and size effects of nanomaterials, various 3D micro‐/nanolattice materials composed of different materials exhibit combinations of superior mechanical properties, such as low density, high strength (even approaching the theoretical limits), large deformability, good recoverability, and flaw tolerance. As a result, some micro‐/nanolattices occupy an unprecedented area in Ashby charts with a combination of different material properties. Here, recent advances in the fabrication and mechanics of micro‐/nanolattices are described. First, various design principles and advanced techniques used for the fabrication of micro‐/nanolattices are summarized. Then, the mechanical behaviors and properties of micro‐/nanolattices are further described, including the compressive Young's modulus, strength, energy absorption, recoverability, and tensile behavior, with an emphasis on mechanistic insights and origins. Finally, the main challenges in the fabrication and mechanics of micro‐/nanolattices are addressed and an outlook for further investigations and potential applications of micro‐/nanolattices in the future is provided.
Neuroprotective Effect of Nerve Growth Factor Loaded in Porous Silicon Nanostructures in an Alzheimer's Disease Model and Potential Delivery to the Brain
Authors: Zilony‐Hanin Neta , Rosenberg Michal , Richman Michal , Yehuda Ronen , Schori Hadas , Motiei Menachem , Rahimipour Shai , Groisman Alexander , Segal Ester , Shefi Orit 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) plays a vital role in reducing the loss of cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its delivery to the brain remains a challenge. Herein, NGF is loaded into degradable oxidized porous silicon (PSiO2) carriers, which are designed to carry and continuously release the protein over a 1 month period. The released NGF exhibits a substantial neuroprotective effect in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells against amyloid‐beta (Aβ)‐induced cytotoxicity, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Next, two potential localized administration routes of the porous carriers into murine brain are investigated: implantation of PSiO2 chips above the dura mater, and biolistic bombardment of PSiO2 microparticles through an opening in the skull using a pneumatic gene gun. The PSiO2‐implanted mice are monitored for a period of 8 weeks and no inflammation or adverse effects are observed. Subsequently, a successful biolistic delivery of these highly porous microparticles into a live‐mouse brain is demonstrated for the first time. The bombarded microparticles are observed to penetrate the brain and reach a depth of 150 µm. These results pave the way for using degradable PSiO2 carriers as potential localized delivery systems for NGF to the brain.
Guidelines for Fostering Student Affairs‐Academic Affairs Partnerships in Hispanic‐Serving Institutions
Authors: Allen Taryn Ozuna , Thompson Melissa Laird , Calderón Galdeano Emily 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter describes the policy context that led to the establishment of Hispanic‐Serving Institutions (HSIs), and reviews relevant literature related to student success at HSIs. The chapter concludes with guidelines for developing partnerships between academic affairs and student affairs at HSIs.
Final Thoughts
Authors: Khalil Deena , Allen Taryn Ozuna , Arroyo Andrew T. , Palmer Robert T. , Maramba Dina C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this final chapter, we refamiliarize the readers with each of the Minority‐Serving Institution (MSI) chapters by highlighting important points and questions to consider. We conclude with a discussion on the implications for research, policy, and practice and future directions in student services and academic affairs partnerships at MSIs.