bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Solute Removal Properties Between High‐Efficient Dialysis Modalities in Low Blood Flow Rate
Authors: Maduell Francisco , Broseta José Jesús , Rodas Lida , Montagud‐Marrahi Enrique , Rodriguez‐Espinosa Diana , Hermida Evelyn , Arias‐Guillén Marta , Fontseré Néstor , Vera Manel , Gómez Miquel , González Bernardino , Rico Nayra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBlood flow (Qb) is one of the dialysis parameters most strongly influencing the performance of dialysis modalities. However, few studies have compared different dialysis modalities in patients with low Qb. We conducted a prospective, single‐center study in 21 patients. Each patient underwent four dialysis sessions with routine dialysis parameters: high‐flux hemodialysis (HD), predilution hemodiafiltration (pre‐HDF), expanded HD (HDx), and postdilution HDF (post‐HDF). The removal ratios (RR) of urea, creatinine, ß2‐microglobulin, myoglobin, prolactin, α1‐microglobulin, free kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains (ķFLC and λFLC), α1‐acid glycoprotein, and albumin were compared intraindividually. A proportional part of the dialysate was collected to quantify albumin loss. There were no differences in urea and creatinine RRs. The β2‐microglobulin RR was higher in pre‐HDF and post‐HDF. Myoglobin and prolactin RRs were higher with HDx and post‐HDF. The α1‐microglobulin and α1‐acid glycoprotein RRs were significantly higher with post‐HDF than with other treatments, and RRs obtained with HDx were higher than obtained with HD and pre‐HDF. Free ķFLC and λFLC RRs showed the following results in ascending order: HD, pre‐HDF, HDx, and post‐HDF, most of them with statistical significance. Albumin loss varied from 0.45 g with HD to 3.5 g with post‐HDF. The global removal score values were 41.0 ± 4.8% with HD, 44.0 ± 5.2% with pre‐HDF, 49.5 ± 4.6% with HDx, and 54.8 ± 5.3% with post‐HDF, with significant differences between all treatment modalities. In conclusion, this study confirms the superiority of post‐HDF over high‐flux HD, pre‐HDF, and HDx in patients with low Qb. HDx was the closest alternative to post‐HDF and was clearly superior to HD and pre‐HDF. Finally, pre‐HDF was also superior to HD. With this Qb, there was a higher risk of underdialysis, both diffusive and convective, especially in patients with a session duration of less than 5 h.
Origin of Boron in the Gas Hure Salt Lake of Northwestern Qaidam Basin, China: Evidence from Hydrochemistry and Boron Isotopes
Authors: HAN Jibin , XU Jianxin , HUSSAIN Syed Asim , JIANG Hongchen , MA Yunqi , XU Kai , MA Haizhou 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Gas Hure Salt Lake (GHSL) in the northwestern Qaidam Basin, western China, is rich in boron (B) resources, but its B‐resource origin is hardly known. Hydrochemical compositions and B isotope characteristics of different waters were collected around the GHSL, including the river water, stream water, spring water, salt‐lake brine, intercrystalline brine, well water, drilling brine, and solar pond brine. The hydrochemical signatures suggest that silicates, carbonates and evaporates are the main B‐bearing rocks during the water dynamic. The reservoir estimation of B resources shows that the Kulamulekesay River (KLMR) and the Atekan River (ATKR) contribute annually 18.3 tons and 22.84 tons of B, respectively, with a total amount of 11.72 × 104 tons of B during the past 5.7 ka. In comparison with the known B reservoir (32.96 × 104 tons) in the GHSL, a significant amount of B in the GHSL was probably recharged from deep fluids and sediments around the GHSL. The B concentration and B‐enrichment degree are shaped by the evaporation process, which are highly elevated at the carnallite and bischofite stages.
Characteristics and Genesis of the Es1 Productive Sandstone Reservoir (Paleogene), Nanpu Sag, East China
Authors: MUHAMMAD Kashif , CAO Yingchang , NAVEED Ahsan , MUHAMMAD Asif , YUAN Guanghui , XI Kelai , ZHANG Shaomin , XU Qisong , TAHIR M. Usman , ORKHAN Isgandarov 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Shahejie Formation is a fundamental rock unit for hydrocarbon exploration and production in the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin. Methodology including thin sectioning, core observations, fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, fluid inclusion, laser scanning confocal microscopy and geochemical analysis (C, O isotopes) were all utilized to investigate the reservoir characteristics and origin of the Es1 Sandstone. Thin section study showed that the reservoir rock consisted of feldspathic litharenite and lithic arkose. The reservoir pores are categorized as intergranular pores, fracture pores, dissolution pores and intergranular cement dissolution pores. The studied sandstone had good porosity (0.05%–35%) and permeability (0.006–7000 mD). The Es1 reservoir is classified as a fractured reservoir, a primary intergranular pore‐associated reservoir and a dissolution reservoir. Deposition, diagenesis and tectogenesis are the main factors that played important roles in the development of the reservoir. Sedimentation is the foundation and assumption for reservoir development, but the effective reservoir is primarily controlled by primary pores, fractures, lithofacies, tectonic elements and dissolution pores. Moreover, compaction, fracture filling and cementation were the primary sources of reservoir densification. The reservoir was progressively formed through the influence of different geological and diagenetic events. The present study provides significant information and references for hydrocarbon exploration and development in the Nanpu Sag.
Smugglers, migrants, and demons
Authors: KAHN JEFFREY S. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTHaitian sea migration and US maritime policing have emerged in tandem since the 1980s. During this time, many Haitians have begun to assume that migration voyages succeed only because of ritual exchanges—in particular, transactions between migrants and sea‐traversing, other‐than‐human beings. These ritual payments, along with other activities of border crossing and control, have placed ships, routes, and offshore detention centers in an interconnected constellation that spans the northern Caribbean. These cosmographically deep spatial configurations exceed concepts like “region” or “sociocultural area.” Cosmographic depth, while not unique to these spaces, is made visible in the array of entities, forces, and moral sensibilities that compose them. Seeing cosmographically highlights this depth, which is often rendered inconsequential by dominant bureaucratic registers of border securitization. [oceans, migration, space, ritual economies, cosmology, Guantánamo Bay, Haiti, Caribbean]
Raised serum Interleukin‐6 identifies patients with liver cirrhosis at high risk for overt hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Labenz Christian , Toenges Gerrit , Huber Yvonne , Nagel Michael , Marquardt Jens U. , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Galle Peter R. , Labenz Joachim , Wörns Marcus‐Alexander 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundSystemic inflammation is a driving force for the development of hepatic encephalopathy and recent studies demonstrated that elevated Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) serum levels are associated with the presence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis.AimTo test the hypothesis that IL‐6 is a suitable marker to identify patients with liver cirrhosis at high risk for the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy.Methods201 patients were included into this prospective cohort study and were followed for a mean time of 322 days. Covert hepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed according to the West‐Haven criteria (hepatic encephalopathy grade 1) and with the portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE) test.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of overt hepatic encephalopathy was higher in patients with IL‐6 levels above the median of 9 pg/mL than in patients with IL‐6 levels at or below the median (35.6% vs 1.9%, P < .001). After adjustment for covert hepatic encephalopathy, history of overt hepatic encephalopathy, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD), IL‐6 levels above the median remained independently associated with the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy. The predictive performance of IL‐6 regarding the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy during the next 180 days (AUROC, 0.931) was numerically higher than that of MELD (AUROC, 0.841) or CRP (AUROC, 0.835). In patients without prior overt hepatic encephalopathy, the predictive performance of IL‐6 (AUROC, 0.966) was even significantly higher than that of MELD (AUROC 0.843) or CRP (AUROC 0.850). The ideal cut‐off for IL‐6 in this setting was 23.5 pg/mL with a sensitivity and specificity of 89.3% and 89.5% respectively.ConclusionIL‐6 serum levels are closely linked to the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Medicinal chemistry of oxazines as promising agents in drug discovery
Authors: Zinad Dhafer S. , Mahal Ahmed , Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Sarangi Ashish K. , Pratama Mohammad Rizki Fadhil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOxazines have brought much synthetic interest due to their extensive biological activities. These are the important category of heterocycles, which may be formally derived from benzene and its reduction products by convenient substitution of carbon (and hydrogen) atoms by nitrogen and oxygen. In the last few decades, oxazine derivatives have documented as worthy synthetic intermediates and also blessed with notable sedative, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antimalarial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Nowadays, it is important to develop new classes of compounds with more effective mechanisms due to drug resistance activity in which the ability of drug to effectively treat disease can be reduced. The aim of the article is to collect and make a more generalized review on the synthesis of oxazine derivatives and their pharmaceutical and biological activities. We hope this review will provide ample references for the researchers concerned with azines in generally and oxazines in particular.
Periodontitis and intake of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin among Korean adults
Authors: Lee Jung‐Hoo , Lee Sang‐Ah , Kim Hyun‐Duck 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesAdequate intake of vitamin B complex could be prerequisite to health. However, few studies have been reported on the association of thiamine (vit B1), riboflavin (vit B2) and niacin (vit B3) with periodontal health. This study described the association between periodontal health and dietary vit B1, vit B2 and vit B3 intake in the Korean population.MethodsA total of 12 750 adults aged over 19 years were selected for this study as a sub‐sample of the national data set from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (IV and V). Periodontitis and gingivitis were defined as Community Periodontal Index (CPI) scores of 3‐4 and 1‐2, respectively. Information on dietary vit B1, vit B2 and vit B3 intake was from 24‐hour dietary recall method. Multivariable complex logistic regression analyses estimated association between vit B1, vit B2 and vit B3 intakes and periodontal health after adjusting for various potential confounders. Stratified analyses by age, sex, dyslipidemia and total energy intake were also undertaken.ResultsThe overall estimated prevalence of periodontitis (CPI 3‐4) and gingivitis (CPI 1‐2) was 29.9% and 46.6%, respectively. Our data showed none of the inadequate intake of vit B1, vit B2 and B3 showed significant association with gingivitis after adjusting for potential confounders. Inadequate intake of vit B3 showed higher prevalence odds of periodontitis by 1.25 times (adjusted odds ratio = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.07‐1.46). The association of vit B3 with periodontitis was stronger in females and participants aged 40‐59 years.ConclusionsInadequate dietary intake of vit B3 was associated with periodontitis.
Clinical and experimental aspects of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Daou Badih J. , Koduri Sravanthi , Thompson B. Gregory , Chaudhary Neeraj , Pandey Aditya S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite advances in care and aneurysm treatment strategies. Cerebral vasospasm continues to be a major source of clinical worsening in patients. We intended to review the clinical and experimental aspects of aSAH and identify strategies that are being evaluated for the treatment of vasospasm. A literature review on aSAH and cerebral vasospasm was performed. Available treatments for aSAH continue to expand as research continues to identify new therapeutic targets. Oral nimodipine is the primary medication used in practice given its neuroprotective properties. Transluminal balloon angioplasty is widely utilized in patients with symptomatic vasospasm and ischemia. Prophylactic “triple‐H” therapy, clazosentan, and intraarterial papaverine have fallen out of practice. Trials have not shown strong evidence supporting magnesium or statins. Other calcium channel blockers, milrinone, tirilazad, fasudil, cilostazol, albumin, eicosapentaenoic acid, erythropoietin, corticosteroids, minocycline, deferoxamine, intrathecal thrombolytics, need to be further investigated. Many of the current experimental drugs may have significant roles in the treatment algorithm, and further clinical trials are needed. There is growing evidence supporting that early brain injury in aSAH may lead to significant morbidity and mortality, and this needs to be explored further.
Skin application of glutathione and iron sulfate can inhibit elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis from hexavalent chromium
Authors: Lejding Tina , Engfeldt Malin , Bruze Magnus , Isaksson Marléne , Svedman Cecilia , Zimerson Erik , Verma Kaushal , Mowitz Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is often severe and difficult to treat. The most common source of exposure to Cr(VI) in Sweden used to be cement, and more recently leather. The contact allergy can be diminished or inhibited if the exposure is decreased or ceases. Barrier creams against different kinds of allergens have been investigated for their protective properties which may offer protection against Cr(VI) exposure.ObjectivesTo investigate the capacity of formulas containing glutathione (GSH) and iron sulfate to inhibit elicitation of ACD in Cr(VI)‐allergic individuals when exposed to Cr(VI).MethodsIn 18 Cr(VI)‐allergic volunteers the back was divided into eight patch test areas which were treated with preparations of possible barrier creams, prior to patch testing with a dilution series of potassium dichromate and a buffered extract of cement.ResultsA significant reduction in reactivity to Cr(VI) and cement extract on skin treated with formulas containing GSH or iron sulfate was noticed, compared with untreated skin.ConclusionFormulas containing GSH or iron sulfate in barrier creams inhibit ACD in individuals allergic to Cr(VI) when applied before exposure to Cr(VI) and cement extract.
Divergent chemosensory gene expression accompanies ecological specialisation of pea aphid morphs
Authors: Purandare Swapna R. , Brisson Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2019

1. Chemosensation is fundamental to the adaptation of insects to their environments. It is used in multiple ecological contexts such as host selection, mate selection, conspecific communication, and predator defence simultaneously. Therefore, understanding the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying specific chemosensory adaptations is important.2. Here a unique study system is used that provides a means to focus on separate aspects of chemosensory specialisation. Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) produce different morphs such as winged asexual females, wingless asexual females, sexual females, winged males, and wingless males during their annual life cycle. These morphs have the same or similar genotypes but distinct ecologies and chemosensory repertoires.3. It is hypothesised that divergent chemosensory gene expression underlies ecological and thus chemosensory specialisation. RNA‐Seq data were used to compare chemosensory gene expression levels of five pea aphid morphs. The study focused on 113 genes belonging to six chemosensory gene families (odorant‐binding proteins, chemosensory proteins, odorant receptors, gustatory receptors, ionotropic receptors, and sensory neuron membrane proteins).4. Gene expression analysis revealed that 85% of the chemosensory genes displayed significant differential expression among the five morphs. By performing pairwise morph comparisons, candidate chemosensory genes associated with the distinct chemosensory repertoires of the morphs were identified. Extensive phenotypic plasticity was also found in the expression of chemosensory genes. These results provide insights into the transcriptional variation in chemosensory genes underlying chemosensory and ecological specialisation of distinct morphs.
The relationship between measurement of in vivo brain glutamate and markers of iron metabolism: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in healthy adults
Authors: Burger Antoinette , Kotze Maritha J. , Stein Dan J. , Janse van Rensburg Susan , Howells Fleur M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFundamental human studies which address associations between glutamate and iron metabolism are needed. Basic research reports associations between glutamate and iron metabolism. Human studies report sex differences in iron metabolism and glutamate concentrations, which suggest that these relationships may differ by sex. We hypothesised associations would be apparent between in vivo glutamate and peripheral markers of iron metabolism, and these associations would differ by sex. To test this, we recruited 40 healthy adults (20 men, 20 women) and measured (a) standard clinical biomarker concentrations for iron metabolism and (b) an in vivo proxy for glutamate concentration, glutamate with glutamine in relation to total creatine containing metabolites using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies with a two‐dimensional chemical shift imaging slice, with voxels located in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, anterior cingulate cortices and frontal white matter. Only the female group reported significant associations between peripheral markers of iron metabolism and Glx:tCr concentration: (a) right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Glx:tCr associated positively with serum transferrin (r = .60, p = .006) and negatively with transferrin saturation (r = −.62, p = .004) and (b) right frontal white matter Glx:tCr associated negatively with iron concentration (r = −.59, p = .008) and transferrin saturation (r = −.65, p = .002). Our results support associations between iron metabolism and our proxy for in vivo glutamate concentration (Glx:tCr). These associations were limited to women, suggesting a stronger regulatory control between iron and glutamate metabolism. These associations support additional fundamental research into the molecular mechanisms of this regulatory control.
Comparison between micro‐computed tomography and transverse microradiography of sound dentine treated with fluorides and demineralized by microcosm biofilm
Authors: Soares dos Santos Daiana M. , Braga Aline S. , Rizk Marta , Wiegand Annette , Magalhães Ana C. 
Published: October 2019

The study aimed to apply micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and transverse microradiography (TMR) to measure dentine demineralization and to test the preventive effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) under microcosm biofilm. Sound dentine specimens from bovine root were treated for 6 h with: (i) 4.0% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) varnish [pH 1.0, 2.45% fluoride (F−); (ii) 5.42% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish (pH 5.0, 2.45% F); (iii) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel (pH 7.0); (iv) placebo varnish (pH 5.0); or (v) no agent (untreated). Dentine specimens were then exposed to human saliva mixed with McBain saliva for 8 h. Thereafter, McBain saliva containing 0.2% sucrose was applied daily, for 5 d, onto dentine specimens to stimulate formation of microcosm biofilm. Although a high correlation was found between the results of both methods regarding integrated mineral loss, the results of the methods did not show good agreement in Bland–Altman plots, with significant biases in calculations of lesion depth. Fluoride varnishes were able to reduce dentine demineralization (P < 0.05), while CHX failed to do so. Fluorides are still the best option to reduce dentine demineralization. Micro‐CT may be used to measure dentine mineral loss, but not the lesion depth, for which TMR is superior.
P63‐related disorders: Dermatological characteristics in 22 patients
Authors: Maillard Alexia , Alby Caroline , Gabison Eric , Doan Serge , Caux Frédéric , Bodemer Christine , Hadj‐Rabia Smail 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn P63‐related ectodermal dysplasias (ED), the clinical characteristics focus on extra‐cutaneous manifestations. The dermatological phenotype remains incompletely characterized. We report the dermatological features of 22 patients carrying a TP63 mutation. Erosions, erythroderma and pigmentary anomalies are characteristics of P63‐related ED. Our data suggest that patients might be classified into two major P63‐related disorders: AEC and EEC. RHS and ADULT represent mild AEC and EEC forms, respectively.
Individual combinations of danger signals synergistically increase FVIII product immunogenicity
Authors: Miller Lilija , Klemm Jessica , Schmidt Carolin , Hanschmann Kay‐Martin , Bekeredjian‐Ding Isabelle , Waibler Zoe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe most severe side effect in haemophilia A treatment is the development of antifactor VIII antibodies, also called inhibitors. Why inhibitors develop in a proportion of treated patients while others are unaffected still remains unanswered. The presence of immunological danger signals, associated with events such as infection or surgery, has been proposed to play a role. Previous studies demonstrated that the presence of the bacterial molecule lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can synergistically increase the activation of human DC and subsequent T cell activation by FVIII.Aim and MethodsIn the present study, we investigated whether a combination of two danger signals can further increase immune cell activation by FVIII. For this, human in vitro differentiated DC that were treated with combinations of danger signals were co‐cultured with autologous primary T cells, and T cell proliferation was analysed.ResultsInterestingly, by combining LPS with a second danger signal, lower LPS concentrations were sufficient to synergistically increase DC and subsequent T cell activation by FVIII. Of note, a combination of LPS and the double‐stranded RNA, polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), was most potent in increasing FVIII immunogenicity, followed by LPS + R848 (resiquimod). However, a combination of LPS and the bacterial lipopeptide Pam3CysSK4 did not induce increased immune cell activation by FVIII.ConclusionThus, individual combinations of danger signals can increase FVIII product immunogenicity. This should be considered in the treatment routine of haemophilia A patients.
Minorités ethniques en marge et détermination du salaire en Chine
Authors: MACDONALD Andrew W. , HASMATH Reza 
Published: October 2019

RésuméDans la littérature existante, les conclusions sur l'effet de l'appartenance à une minorité ethnique sur le salaire en Chine urbaine sont contrastées. Pour en savoir plus, les auteurs décident d'examiner la situation en tenant compte plus précisément du groupe d'appartenance, exploitant pour ce faire une volumineuse série de données sur les minorités chinoises. Après contrôle de l'effet de différentes variables, ils font apparaître une pénalité salariale importante aux dépens de groupes «en marge» (tibétains et turciques notamment), mais pas par rapport aux minorités considérées dans leur ensemble. Les résultats, robustes à différentes spécifications, sont riches d'enseignements sur le plan théorique comme pour l'action publique.