bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elbow flexion reconstruction with nerve transfer or grafting in patients with brachial plexus injuries: A systematic review and comparison study
Authors: Ayhan Egemen , Soldado Francisco , Fontecha César G. , Bertelli Jayme A. , Leblebicioglu Gursel 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionPosttraumatic brachial plexus (BP) palsy was used to be treated by reconstruction with nerve grafts. For the last two decades, nerve transfers have gained popularity and believed to be more effective than nerve grafting. The aim of this systematic review was to compare elbow flexion restoration with nerve transfers or nerve grafting after traumatic BP injury.MethodsPRISMA‐IPD structure was used for 52 studies included. Patients were allocated as C5‐C6 (n = 285), C5‐C6‐C7 (n = 150), and total BP injury (n = 245) groups. In each group, two treatment modalities were compared, and effects of age and preoperative interval were analyzed.ResultsIn C5‐C6 injuries, 93.1% of nerve transfer patients achieved elbow flexion force ≥M3, which was significantly better when compared to 69.2% of nerve graft patients (p < 0.001). For improved outcomes of nerve transfer patients, shorter preoperative interval was a significant factor in all injury patterns (p < 0.001 for C5‐C6 injuries and total BP injuries, p = 0.018 for C5‐C6‐C7 injuries), and young age was a significant factor in total BP injury pattern (p = 0.022).ConclusionsOur analyses showed that nerve transfers appear superior to nerve graftings especially in patients with a C5‐C6 injury. Unnecessary delays in surgery must be prevented, and younger patients may have more chance for better recovery.Level of evidenceLevel II.
Dietary Black Raspberries Impact the Colonic Microbiome and Phytochemical Metabolites in Mice
Authors: Gu Junnan , Thomas‐Ahner Jennifer M. , Riedl Kenneth M. , Bailey Michael T. , Vodovotz Yael , Schwartz Steven J. , Clinton Steven K. 
Published: February 2019

ScopeBlack raspberries (BRB) are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals, including anthocyanins and ellagitannins. These phytochemicals are poorly absorbed and may be transformed by gut microbiota into various metabolites that may impact the colonic mucosa or upon absorption have systemic bioactivity. The objective of this study is to define the impact of a BRB‐containing diet on the colon microbiome in mice and quantify the phytochemical metabolites in the colon contents and circulation.Methods and resultsMale mice were fed 10% w/w freeze‐dried BRB powder for 6 weeks. The colonic microbiota was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Anthocyanin and ellagitannin metabolites, protocatechuic acid, and urolithins were analyzed by HPLC‐MS/MS. The BRB diet impacted colon mucosal microbial composition with a more robust effect observed on the luminal microflora. BRB‐derived protocatechuic acid and urolithins were quantified in the colon, luminal contents, plasma, liver, and prostate with protocatechuic acid present in higher concentrations compared to urolithins.ConclusionThis study highlights the complex interactions between dietary phytochemicals, the host microbiome, and metabolism. It is demonstrated that microbially produced phytochemical metabolites are present in the colon and systemic circulation where they may exert biological activity.
Patient specific prospective respiratory motion correction for efficient, free‐breathing cardiovascular MRI
Authors: Bush Michael A. , Ahmad Rizwan , Jin Ning , Liu Yingmin , Simonetti Orlando P. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeTo develop a patient‐specific respiratory motion correction technique with true 100% acquisition efficiency.MethodsA short training scan consisting of a series of single heartbeat images, each acquired with a preceding diaphragmatic navigator, was performed to fit a model relating the patient‐specific 3D respiratory motion of the heart‐to‐diaphragm position. The resulting motion model was then used to update the imaging plane in real‐time to correct for translational motion based on respiratory position provided by the navigator. The method was tested in a group of 11 volunteers with 5 separate free‐breathing acquisitions: FB, no motion correction; FB‐TF, free breathing with a linear tracking factor; Nav Gate, navigator gating; Nav Gate‐TF, navigator gating with a tracking factor; and PROCO, prospective motion correction (proposed). Each acquisition lasted for 50 accepted heartbeats, where non‐gated scans had a 100% acceptance rate, and gated scans accepted data only within a ±4 mm navigator window. Retrospective image registration was used to measure residual motion and determine the effectiveness of each method.ResultsPROCO reduced the range/RMSE of residual motion to 4.08 ± 1.4/0.90 ± 0.3 mm, compared to 10.78 ± 6.9/2.97 ± 2.2 mm for FB, 5.32 ± 2.92/1.24 ± 0.8 mm for FB‐TF, 4.08 ± 1.6/0.93 ± 0.4 mm for Nav Gate, and 2.90 ± 1.0/0.63 ± 0.2 mm for Nav Gate‐TF. Nav Gate and Nav Gate‐TF reduced scan efficiency to 48.84 ± 9.31% and 54.54 ± 10.12%, respectively.ConclusionPROCO successfully limited the residual motion in single‐shot imaging to the level of traditional navigator gating while maintaining 100% acquisition efficiency.
An investigation of healthcare utilization and its association with levels of health literacy in individuals with chronic pain
Authors: Mackey Laura M. , Blake Catherine , Squiers Linda , Casey Maire‐Brid , Power Camillus , Victory Ray , Hearty Conor , Fullen Brona M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveChronic pain patients are frequent and recurrent users of health services, which may have an impact on levels of health literacy (HL). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate associations between healthcare utilization and varying levels of HL in individuals with and without chronic pain.MethodsA cross‐sectional questionnaire was distributed in three pain clinics in Dublin, Ireland, comprising a demographic section, a validated HL assessment tool (Newest Vital Sign) and self‐reported healthcare utilization in the previous year (i.e., general practitioner [GP] visits, accident and emergency room attendance, hospital services and allied health services). Patients with chronic pain, and a control group (no pain) were recruited.ResultsOverall, 262 participants were recruited: those with chronic pain (n = 131) and controls (n = 131). Those in the chronic pain group were more likely to be female (p = 0.004), have less education (p = 0.01), be unable to work (p < 0.001), have a lower monthly income (p = 0.001), be more likely to have a medical card (i.e., free access to public health services) (p = 0.002) and have a greater number of comorbidities (p < 0.0001). Although bivariate analyses demonstrated increased healthcare utilization in chronic pain patients (i.e., GP visits, hospital services and allied therapies; p < 0.05), there was no difference in HL levels between groups in multivariate analysis (chronic pain: 54%, n = 71; control group 49%, n = 64; p = 0.39). Higher educational attainment, greater levels of income and being younger remained independently associated with higher levels of HL.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to understand the nature of how HL is acquired, both from individual and organizational perspectives. Once this has been established, it may facilitate the development or advancement of current HL‐sensitive management strategies.
On the undrained and drained hydraulic fracture splits
Authors: Parchei Esfahani Matin , Gracie Robert 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe simulation of hydraulic fracturing (HF) involves the solution of a hydro‐mechanically coupled system. This article presents a new iterative sequential coupling algorithm, the undrained HF split, that improves the simulation of HFs in impermeable media. A poromechanics analogy is used to derive a stable split for the hydro‐mechanically coupled system in which the mechanical subproblem is solved first. The proposed undrained HF split is applied to the simulation of cohesive HFs in an impermeable elastic medium. The cubic law is used as the constitutive model for simulating fluid flow in fractures. A minimum hydraulic aperture is assumed in the cohesive tip zone, where the mechanical aperture smoothly vanishes. While general in its nature, the undrained HF splitting scheme is employed within the context of a two‐dimensional eXtended finite element model for the fractured solid, and a regular finite element model for fluid in the fracture. The undrained HF split is successfully used to simulate self‐similar plane strain HFs as well as the propagation of HFs from a wellbore under anisotropic stress conditions. Fracture trajectories and local alteration of stress field are investigated. The solution of the undrained HF split converges to the same solution as the fully coupled model, whereas the commonly used P→W sequential algorithm, referred to in this article as the drained HF split, generates spurious oscillations and fails to converge in many problems. The undrained HF split is shown to be stable and robust in applications where the drained HF split is unstable.
Isogeometric thickness stretchable shell: Efficient formulation for nonlinear dynamic problems
Authors: Hokkanen Jaro , Pedroso Dorival M. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryAn isogeometric shell element with through‐thickness stretch is introduced and applied to quasi‐static and dynamic problems. The shell element supports full three‐dimensional constitutive laws, ie, the plane stress assumption is not required. An updated Lagrangian rate formulation is adopted, and biquadratic spline‐based interpolation functions are used for in‐plane interpolation. The concept of fiber mass scaling is proposed to lower the highest eigenfrequencies to improve the performance of the formulation. Clamped and unclamped knot vectors are compared, and the advantages of using unclamped knot vectors are demonstrated. The shell element is validated using several benchmark tests, which indicate good performance of the proposed formulation.
Meet the Board of ChemistryOpen: Sheshanath V. Bhosale
Authors: Jangale Asha D. , Jadhav Ratan W. , Nadimetla Dinesh N. , Burud Mahesh D. , More Vishal G. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSheshanath V. Bhosale
received his PhD from Freie University Berlin (Germany) in supramolecular chemistry under the supervision of Prof. J. H. Fuhrhop in 2004. He then pursued his postdoctoral studies with Prof. S. Matile at University of Geneva (Switzerland) under the auspices of a Roche Foundation Fellowship. This was followed by a stay at Monash University (Australia) for 5 years as an ARC‐APD Fellow. He worked at RMIT University, Melbourne (Australia) for 6 years as ARC‐Future Fellowship. Currently, Prof. Bhosale is working at the Department of Chemistry, Goa University (India) as a UGC‐FRP Professor, His research interests lie in the design and synthesis of π‐functional materials, especially small molecules, for sensing, biomaterials, and supramolecular chemistry applications. So far, Prof. Bhosale has produced 185 research articles and his work has been cited more than 4400 times, giving him an h‐index of 32. He currently serves as an active Editorial Board member for ChemistryOpen.
Rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed in the first year of life: Localized, metastatic, and relapsed disease. Outcome data from five trials and one registry of the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS)
Authors: Sparber‐Sauer Monika , Stegmaier Sabine , Vokuhl Christian , Seitz Guido , von Kalle Thekla , Scheer Monika , Münter Marc , Bielack Stefan S. , Weclawek‐Tompol Jadwiga , Ladenstein Ruth , Niggli Felix , Ljungman Gustaf , Fuchs Joerg , Hettmer Simone , Koscielniak Ewa , Klingebiel Thomas ,   on behalf of the CWS Study Group
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) diagnosed during the first year of life is reported to have poor outcome. Little is known about treatment and outcome data of relapsed disease (RD).MethodsCharacteristics, treatment, and outcome of 155 patients ≤ 12 months registered within the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) between 1981 and 2016 were evaluated.ResultsLocalized disease (LD) was diagnosed in 144 patients and metastatic disease (MD) in 11. The histological diagnosis was alveolar (RMA) (n = 38, 23/25 examined patients PAX7/3:FOXO1‐positive), embryonal (RME) (n = 100), botryoid (n = 10), anaplastic (n = 1), and spindle‐cell RMS (n = 6). Multimodal treatment including conventional (age‐adjusted) chemotherapy (CHT) (n = 150), resection (n = 137), and radiotherapy (RT) (n = 37) was administered. Complete remission was achieved in 129 of 144 patients with LD. RD occurred in 51 infants at a median age of 1.7 years (range, 0.3–8.8). Sixty‐three percent of patients with RMA suffered RD, in contrast to 28% of patients with RME. Relapse treatment consisted of conventional CHT (n = 48), resection (n = 28), and RT (n = 21). The pattern of relapse and best resection were significant prognostic factors for patients with RD (P = 0.000 and P = 0.002). Late effects occurred as secondary malignancies in 6%, long‐term toxicity in 21%, and resection‐related impairment in 33% of the 105 surviving patients. The 5‐year event‐free survival and overall survival for infants with initial LD were 51% and 69%, 14% and 14% for patients with initial MD and 39% and 41% for relapsed patients, respectively.ConclusionMultimodal treatment including microscopically complete resection is strongly recommended to achieve a good prognosis in LD and RD of infants with RMS.
Synthesis of poly(o‐cresol) by oxidative coupling polymerization of o‐cresol
Authors: Aiba Motohiro , Sun Xiao‐Cheng , Shibasaki Yuji , Oda Mitsuo , Ooka Chihiro , Fukuta Seijiro , Higashihara Tomoya , Ando Shinji , Ueda Mitsuru , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe oxidative coupling polymerization of o‐cresol was investigated using various 2‐substituted pyridine/CuCl catalysts under an oxygen atmosphere, in which 2‐phenylpyridine/CuCl and 2‐(p‐tolyl)pyridine/CuCl catalysts yielded poly(o‐cresol)s with higher regioselectivity for 1,4‐coupling. These polymerizations produced branched and crosslinked polymers in the later stages of polymerization. These polymers showed good thermal properties, such as 5% weight loss temperatures of up to 406 °C and glass transition temperatures of up to 151 °C. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 878–884
Improving the gas barrier, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) with molybdenum disulfide nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Jin , Lei Weiwei , Schutz Jurg , Liu Dan , Tang Bin , Wang Chun H. , Wang Xungai 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTNew multifunctional materials with both high structural and gas barrier performances are important for a range of applications. Herein we present a one‐step mechanochemical process to prepare molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets with hydroxy functional groups that can simultaneously improve mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and gas permittivity of a polymer composite. By homogeneously incorporating these functionalized MoS2 nanosheets at low loading of less than 1 vol %, a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer exhibits elongation at break of 154%, toughness of 82 MJ/m3, and in‐plane thermal conductivity of 2.31 W/m K. Furthermore, this composite exhibits significant gas barrier performance, reducing the permeability of helium by 95%. Under fire condition, the MoS2 nanosheets form thermally stable char, thus enhancing the material's resistance to fire. Hydrogen bonding has been identified as the main interaction mechanism between the nanofillers and the polymer matrix. The present results suggest that the PVA composite reinforced with 2D layered nanomaterial offers great potentials in packaging and fire retardant applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 406–414
Reasons for low uptake of a psychological intervention offered to cancer survivors with elevated depressive symptoms
Authors: van der Donk Loek J. , Tovote K. Annika , Links Thera P. , Roodenburg Jan L.N. , Kluin‐Nelemans Johanna C. , Arts Henriette J.G. , Mul Veronique E.M. , van Ginkel Robert J. , Baas Peter C. , Hoff Christiaan , Sanderman Robbert , Fleer Joke , Schroevers Maya J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn line with screening guidelines, cancer survivors were consecutively screened on depressive symptoms (as part of standard care), with those reporting elevated levels of symptoms offered psychological care as part of a trial. Because of the low uptake, no conclusions could be drawn about the interventions' efficacy. Given the trial set‐up (following screening guidelines and strict methodological quality criteria), we believe that this observational study reporting the flow of participation, reasons for and characteristics associated with nonparticipation, adds to the debate about the feasibility and efficiency of screening guidelines.MethodsTwo thousand six hundred eight medium‐ to long‐term cancer survivors were consecutively screened on depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9). Those with moderate depressive symptoms (PHQ‐9 ≥ 10) were contacted and informed about the trial. Patient flow and reasons for nonparticipation were carefully monitored.ResultsOne thousand thirty seven survivors (74.3%) returned the questionnaire, with 147 (7.6%) reporting moderate depressive symptoms. Of this group, 49 survivors (33.3%) were ineligible, including 26 survivors (17.7%) already receiving treatment and another 44 survivors (30.0%) reporting no need for treatment. Only 25 survivors (1.0%) participated in the trial.ConclusionOf the approached survivors for screening, only 1% was eligible and interested in receiving psychological care as part of our trial. Four reasons for nonparticipation were: nonresponse to screening, low levels of depressive symptoms, no need, or already receiving care. Our findings question whether to spend the limited resources in psycho‐oncological care on following screening guidelines and the efficiency of using consecutive screening for trial recruitment in cancer survivors.
The use of distress thermometer in advanced cancer inpatients with pain
Authors: Guan Bingqing , Wang Kun , Shao Yuejuan , Cheng Xianjiang , Hao Jianlei , Tian Chang , Chen Lei , Ji Kai , Liu Weishuai 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to provide support for the extensive application of Distress Thermometer (DT) in advanced cancer inpatients with pain and explored factors associated with high DT scores among this population.MethodsAdvanced cancer patients with pain were recruited from Department of Pain Relief in Tianjin Cancer Hospital and Institute, China. They completed the DT with problems list and HADS within 48 h after admission. The cutoff score of DT was evaluated against Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for its sensitivity and specificity by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Multiple logistic regression model analysis was performed to investigate correlates of DT scores.ResultsFour hundred forty one inpatients with mixed diagnoses were recruited. Referring to the cutoff of 15 on HADS, DT cutoff score of 5 yielded AUC of 0.757, with an optimal sensitivity of 0.861 and specificity of 0.531. Using the cutoff scores of greater than or equal to 5, 70.5% of the patients were distressed. Logistic regression analysis of DT found that the breakthrough pain, poorer KPS, higher pain degree, and emotional problems were the predictive factor for current distress.ConclusionDT is efficacious in screening for psychological distress in advanced cancer inpatients with pain. Psychological distress is prevalent with a cutoff score of greater than or equal to five. To better identify the distressed cancer patients with pain, pain degree, performance status, and emotional problems should be considered together.
Cardiovascular effects of cannabis (marijuana): A timely update
Authors: Sánchez Artiles Angel E. , Awan Areeba , Karl Mitchell , Santini Antonello 
Published: February 2019

Cannabis (medical marijuana) is generally considered a low toxicity drug. The plant belongs to the family Cannabaceae (Urticales). Two main species may be recognized: Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica. Plants of this species contain many psychoactive components, the cannabinoids, including the primary psychoactive compound Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active substance present in Marijuana. The history of its cultivation and use dates back thousands of years. A possible first documented use for medical purposes of this drug is found in Chinese records dated from 28th century BC. Moreover, the presence of THC has been detected in several internal organs from an Egyptian mummy with a 14C‐dating of approximately 950 BC.Evidence of therapeutic potential for marijuana and its components has been suggested for a large number of medical conditions. Despite this, a variety of cardiovascular complications have been documented. Dysregulation of the endogenous lipid mediators endocannabinoids and their G‐protein‐coupled cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 has been, in fact, linked to different cardiovascular pathologies. Here, we describe a timely update of possible cardiovascular effects of its use for medical purposes.
Water‐Dispersible Candle Soot–Derived Carbon Nano‐Onion Clusters for Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Xiaodong , Jia Hao‐Ran , Zhu Ya‐Xuan , Guo Yuxin , Gao Ge , Li Yan‐Hong , Wu Fu‐Gen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHerein, water‐dispersible carbon nano‐onion clusters (CNOCs) with an average hydrodynamic size of ≈90 nm are prepared by simply sonicating candle soot in a mixture of oxidizing acid. The obtained CNOCs have high photothermal conversion efficiency (57.5%), excellent aqueous dispersibility (stable in water for more than a year without precipitation), and benign biocompatibility. After polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification, the resultant CNOCs‐PEI‐PEG have a high photothermal conversion efficiency (56.5%), and can realize after‐wash photothermal cancer cell ablation due to their ultrahigh cellular uptake (21.3 pg/cell), which is highly beneficial for the selective ablation of cancer cells via light‐triggered intracellular heat generation. More interestingly, the cellular uptake of CNOCs‐PEI‐PEG is so high that the internalized nanoagents can be directly observed under a microscope without fluorescent labeling. Besides, in vivo experiments reveal that CNOCs‐PEI‐PEG can be used for photothermal/photoacoustic dual‐modal imaging‐guided photothermal therapy after intravenous administration. Furthermore, CNOCs‐PEI‐PEG can be efficiently cleared from the mouse body within a week, ensuring their excellent long‐term biosafety. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the first example of using candle soot as raw material to prepare water‐dispersible onion‐like carbon nanomaterials for cancer theranostics is represented herein.