bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisa Variasi Tekanan Fluida Primer, Tekanan Discharge dan Posisi Keluaran Nozzle (NXP) pada Steam Ejector Menggunakan Metode Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)
Authors: Utomo MSK Tony Suryo , Widyanto Susilo Adi , Sekar Abibrojo 
Published: June 2019

Dilakukan simulasi numerik steam ejector dengan memvariasikan tekanan dari fluida primer, tekanan discharge dan posisi keluaran nozzle (NXP). Perlakuan variasi tekanan fluida primer dan tekanan discharge dilakukan untuk mendapat nilai nilai performa steam ejector yang disebut entrainment ratio (ER), tekanan kritis (critical pressure) dan tekanan discharge maksimum. Perlakuan variasi NXP dilakukan untuk mengetahui posisi keluaran nozzle terbaik dari steam ejector dengan nilai ER yang paling tinggi. Tekanan fluida primer yang divariasikan yaitu 2.66 bar, 3.00 bar dan 3.50 bar. Tekanan discharge divariasikan dari 0.20 bar sampai ejector mengalami aliran balik. NXP yang divariasikan yaitu dari posisi -3 mm atau -0.11 Den sampai + 35 mm atau 1.3 Den. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan tekanan fluida primer menyebabkan naiknya critical pressure tetapi membuat nilai entrainment ratio turun. Kenaikan tekanan discharge menyebabkan turunnya jarak shockwave ke posisi keluaran nozzle. Shockwave tercipta karena kenaikan tekanan yang signifikan secara cepat, saat tekanan discharge mendekati nilai critical pressure menunjukkan shockwave yang semakin lemah. Hasil variasi NXP dari posisi -3 mm ke +35 mm menunjukkan kenaikan dan penurunan dari entrainment ratio, posisi NXP + 19 mm atau 0.7 Den menunjukkan nilai ER paling besar sedangkan posisi NXP -3 mm paling kecil. Fluida yang dimodelkan ialah gas ideal dengan asumsi fluida berada pada kondisi saturasi uap. Pemodelan aliran menggunakan k- standard untuk memodelkan aliran dengan nilai Re yang tinggi dan dapat menerapkan perlakuan dinding agar hasil yang didapat akurat. Pemodelan geometri dibuat dengan menggunakan software CAD yaitu Solidworks 2015, geometri dieksport ke Ansys 16.2 dan di meshing dengan perlakuan adapsi y+.
The Freezing of Rice Products in Box Containers: Temperature Profile Prediction, Model Validation and Physical Characteristics
Authors: Lertamondeeraek Kanjana , Jittanit Weerachet 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this study, a three-dimensional finite difference method is applied to develop a mathematical model for the simulation of heat transfer phenomena in cooked white rice and fried rice in polypropylene boxes during the freezing process. The main objective was to develop a tool for predicting time/temperature profiles that can be applied under various freezing conditions. The results indicate fair agreement between experimental data and model predictions. The model precision can be improved if incorporating the heat transfer mechanism occurring at the head space and the equations for accurately estimating changes of freezing point temperatures and thermophysical properties of rice along freezing process. Textural properties of frozen rice samples after microwave warming were apparently different from the freshly cooked samples. Rapid freezing provided soft and nonsticky texture of cooked white rice after warming while slow freezing resulted in the fried rice with the most similar texture to freshly cooked fried rice.
Marketing wie in Hollywood: Storytelling bei ZB MED mit der klassischen Heldenreise
Authors: Roesner Elke 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Geschichten zu erzählen ist ein uraltes Bedürfnis von Menschen. Wie die wissenschaftliche Analyse von Sagen, Mythen, Romanen und Filmen zeigt, lässt sich die Struktur der Geschichten schlussendlich auf fünf Kapitel reduzieren, die dem Plot der klassischen Heldenreise entsprechen. Menschen, die nach „ETWAS“ streben, berühren die Rezipienten, da sie sich mit den Protagonisten identifizieren. Im Stil der Heldenreise lassen sich faszinierende Geschichten aus der Wissenschaft erzählen.
Do Legal Differences Matter? A Comparison of German Patent Law Regimes before 1877
Authors: Donges Alexander , Selgert Felix 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this article, we give an overview of the differences in German patent legislations between 1815 and 1876. German patent laws differed in particular with regard to the application and approval system, the treatment of foreign applicants, and patent fees. Differences in the former two categories provide an explanation why the number of patents was considerably lower in Prussia than in other states. While the number of Prussian patents per capita almost stagnated between 1840 and 1872, it increased in Baden, Bavaria and Saxony. Formal differences in patent law do not fully explain this pattern, but Prussian patent policy does. The Prussian patent authority set high barriers to get a patent by applying a thorough technical examination and a strict definition of novelty. Furthermore, we show that states using a registration system granted a considerably higher number of patents than states with technical examinations.
Patenting the Risorgimento: Economic Integration and the Formation of the Italian Patent System (1855–1872)
Authors: Nuvolari Alessandro , Vasta Michelangelo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In 1864, the patent law of the Kingdom of Sardinia was extended to the newly created Kingdom of Italy. In this paper, on the basis of a new dataset containing all Italian patents granted over the period 1855-1872, we examine the formative years of this crucial institutional change. Firstly, we map the characteristics of the inventors before and after the 1864 reform. In particular, we look at their nationality and geographical distribution within the country, the technological fields in which they were active, the intensity of use of the system (sporadic versus “systematic” patentees), and their investments in patent protection (measured in terms of the fees they were paying). We find that the reform of the patent system prompted a reconfiguration of the geographical structure of Italian inventive activity, producing an increasing participation of the inventors of the other pre-unitary states, and, at the same time, becoming more attractive for inventors on a large international scale. This can be interpreted as a sign of an effective integration policy, at least in this specific domain of government activity.
The shifting perception of Japanese BELF users towards English: a case study
Authors: Otsu Akiko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper examines attitudes of Japanese business people towards English by interviewing Japanese construction company employees working on international projects in Asian countries, where English is used as a lingua franca (ELF). The engineers took part in an intensive English course provided by their company before being transferred to overseas offices. Conducting individual/focus-group interviews multiple times during and after the English course, the study sheds light on the participants’ ambivalent and shifting perception of the language, which has both communicative and identifying function in different contexts of use. While these BELF (English as a business lingua franca) users were more content-focused and critical about a teacher’s form-focused approach during the intensive English language training, they are likely to identify more with native-speakers’ English rather than with their own English communication in BELF environments. The paper discusses that there are two reasons for their adherence to “standard” English, referring to the impact of “standard” English ideology (Cogo 2015, 2016b; Seidlhofer 2011, 2018) and social power (French and Raven 1959) that their interlocutors possess. First, the participants are constrained by their past learning experience as EFL (English as a foreign language) learners (Iino and Murata 2016) with little exposure to varieties of English other than the Inner Circle English models (Kachru 1992). Second, they believe in the advantage of using “correct” or “proper” English in producing a good image of their company or themselves. More specifically, while the participants regard English predominantly as a tool to fulfil their communicative goals when working with interlocutors who have relatively less power (e.g. subordinates, subcontractors), they feel that they need to speak “proper” English when communicating with people with more power and authority (e.g. superiors, clients), because they believe it is more relevant and accepted by the wider public. In other words, the result shows how the “standard” English ideology is deep-seated in the workplace communication discourse.
Thermoelectric Thomson Relations Revisited for a Linear Energy Converter
Authors: Gonzalez-Hernandez Saul , Arias-Hernandez Luis-Antonio 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper we revisit the classic thermocouple model, as a Linear Irreversible Thermodynamic (LIT) energy converter. In this model we have two types of phenomenological coefficients: the first comes from some microscopic models, such as the coefficient associated with the electric conductivity, and the second comes from experimental facts, such as the coefficient associated with the Seebeck power. We show that in the last case, these coefficients can be related to the thermodynamic operation modes of the energy converter. These relations between the experimental phenomenological coefficients and the regimes of performance allow us to propose a first and a second Thomson-type relation, which give us 12 new relations between the Seebeck power, the Peltier heat and the Thomson heat. With this purpose we develop the idea of non-isothermal linear energy converters operated either “directly” (like a heat engine) or “inversely” (like a refrigerator). We analyze the energetics associated to these converters operating under steady states corresponding to different modes of performance, all of them satisfying the fundamental Onsager symmetry relations.
Comparison of quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction and karyotype analysis for prenatal screening of chromosomal aneuploidies in 270 amniotic fluid samples
Authors: Masoudzadeh Nooshin , Teimourian Shahram 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) technique is a rapid prenatal aneuploidy detection method. This method can diagnose abnormality in chromosome 13, 18, 21, X and Y. Karyotyping is a technique in which, by the process of pairing and painting, all the chromosomes of an organism are displayed under a microscope. In the present study, a statistical comparison was made between karyotyping and QF-PCR for prenatal diagnosis.

Methods
A total of 270 samples were tested for QF-PCR and the results were compared with karyotyping. We also investigated heterozygosity of short tandem repeat (STR) markers by QF-PCR. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples (n = 270) were extracted from amniotic fluid (AF) cells. After PCR amplifications, analysis was performed using GeneMarker. A Devyser QF-PCR kit containing 26 primers was used to estimate the observed heterozygosity of STR markers located on chromosome 13, 18, 21, X and Y.

Results
The results of karyotyping and QF-PCR were as follows: trisomy 13 (one case), trisomy 18 (five cases), trisomy 21 (five cases) and triploidy (one case). Chromosomal rearrangements and mosaicisms were not detected by QF-PCR but were detected by karyotyping. Maternal cell contamination (MCC) made the karyotyping fail but not the QF-PCR.

Conclusion
The QF-PCR method is especially important because it is fast, accurate, low cost and has a short turnaround time. This method will avoid ambiguity of karyotype results and parental anxiety. It will also shorten clinical management for high-risk families.
A Funeral March for Those Drowning in Shallow Ponds?
Authors: Sticker Martin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
I discuss the problem that Kant’s ethics seems to be incapable of capturing our strong intuition that emergencies create a context for actions that is very different from other cases of helping and from other opportunities to further obligatory ends. I argue that if we pay attention to how Kant grounds beneficence we see that distress and emergency function as constitutive concerns. They are vital to establishing the duty of beneficence in the first place, and they also guide the application of duties to specific cases. Kant’s conception of imperfect duties to others, when understood correctly, offers a way to understand why emergencies are morally important, but also why other factors have a place in our moral reasoning.
An Antinomy Between Regulative Principles: An Aporetic Resolution to the Antinomy of Teleological Judgment
Authors: Halper Aaron 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The antinomy of teleological judgment has increasingly been understood as a conflict between regulative principles. But it is not clear why regulative principles can be in conflict at all, since Kant otherwise takes the realization that two conflicting principles are regulative to be sufficient to resolve an antinomy. I argue that in Kant’s view regulative principles do not conflict with one another only if they are reducible to reason’s interest in systematicity. Given that the principles of this antinomy do conflict, they must not be reducible to reason’s interest in systematicity. I argue that teleology is thus not reducible to reason’s interest because it is fundamentally unlawful. I then use this irreducibility to account for Kant’s appeal to the supersensible in this context.
Burebista bei Strabon und das Dakerbild augusteischer Zeit
Authors: Zimmermann Markus 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit den bei Strabon (7,3,5 und 7,3,11) überlieferten moralischen Reformen des dakischen Herrschers Burebista, die dieser zusammen mit dem Priester Dekaineos/Dekinais durchgeführt haben soll. Es wird dargelegt, dass die Reformen ein literarisches Konstrukt Strabons sind, die im Kontext des Dakerbilds des augusteischen Rom und der Selbstdarstellung des Augustus zu sehen sind, und dazu dienten, die Aufgabe ehemaliger Eroberungspläne des Augustus in Dakien zu relativieren.
(Inter)subjective uses of the Dutch progressive constructions
Authors: Anthonissen Lynn , De Wit Astrid , Mortelmans Tanja 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the (inter)subjective functions of progressive aspect in Dutch. While the aspectual profile of the various Dutch progressive constructions has received considerable attention in the last few years, much less attention has been paid to their non-aspectual uses. As we will demonstrate in this paper on the basis of a corpus study of spoken Dutch, complemented with native-speaker elicitations, the Dutch progressive constructions can be specifically recruited to express (inter)subjective meanings such as surprise, irritation and intensity, and they differ in this respect from their simplex counterparts. Our analysis of progressive aspect in terms of backgrounded boundaries provides an explanation for (i) the general association of progressive aspect with (inter)subjectivity and (ii) our observation that some Dutch progressive constructions are more prone to such (inter)subjective exploitation than others. This semantic account also underlies the last part of this contribution, in which we discuss cases of what we call “(inter)subjective reinforcement” in complex progressive constructions, that is, the embedding of progressive constructions in other constructions that are also semantically affiliated to (inter)subjectivity (e.g. the perfect,gaan/komen‘go/come’, modals and the bare infinitive construction), which has been largely neglected in the literature.
Role of Applied Ethics(CIST) in Managing the Quality of Life in the Post-Risk Society
Authors: Fobelová Daniela , Moravec Lukáš , Bendíková Elena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe presented study focuses on the role of applied ethics(cist) in managing the quality of life in the post-risk society. Given that, from an ethical point of view, it is appropriate to reflect the quality of life also through other than quantitative, i.e. objective and therefore also measurable indicator, it is important to be also focused on the action of a person that leads to increasing his/her satisfaction, the feeling of happiness as a subjective indicator. The aim of this study is to point out the importance of ethical parameterization of the quality of life as well as the search for suitable concepts in its fulfilment.
Crystal structure of bis(di-n-butylammonium) tetrachloridodiphenylstannate(IV), C28H50Cl4N2Sn
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
C28H50Cl4N2Sn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.3981(2) Å, b = 13.2742(2) Å, c = 11.0847(2) Å, β = 111.657(2)°, V = 1695.49(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0161, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0431, T = 100(2) K.
Crangon crangon: can hydroxyproline be an indicator of changes in the species?
Authors: Kąkol Agnieszka , Szaniawska Anna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The hydroxyproline content in Crangon crangon tissues from the Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic) was determined in males, non-ovigerous females and ovigerous females, depending on the individual body length, the study area (two profiles: Gdynia and Sopot) and the depth of occurrence. Individuals were collected and analyzed from April to August 2008. The research on the migratory species C. crangon indicates that the area and depth of its occurrence do not significantly affect the level of hydroxyproline in the tissues of this animal (p > 0.05). However, certain trends have been observed. Hydroxyproline participates in various life processes of C. crangon and its level in the tissues is significantly correlated with the sex of animals (p < 0.05). In males, hydroxyproline plays a major role in the body growth. Moreover, water temperature significantly affects the hydroxyproline content in males of different body sizes. Ovigerous females use hydroxyproline in the reproductive process. In non-ovigerous females, hydroxyproline participates both in the growth of organisms and in the reproductive period. Hydroxyproline can be an indicator of the collagen level, as well as an important factor in physiological processes.
Biodynamic preparations on static pile composting from prickly pear cactus and moringa crop wastes
Authors: Rodas-Gaitán Heberto Antonio , Palma-García José Manuel , Olivares-Sáenz Emilio , Gutiérrez-Castorena Edgar Vladimir , Vázquez-Alvarado Rigoberto 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBiodynamic agriculture, which considered biodynamic preparations (BP) and compost as essential to farms sustainability, surged as an alternative almost a century ago. Composting is a way to obtain either biofertilizers or soil amendments, whereas the static piles method reduces energy and cost because no turnings are needed. The present study aims to evaluate the BP effect on physical, chemical and biological properties of static piles compost from prickly pear cactus and moringa crop wastes (regional principal substrates) over 100 days of composting. The experiment was carried out in an organic farm (Nuevo León, Mexico) considering four treatments: T1, Prickly pear cactus+BP; T2, Moringa+BP; T3, Prickly pear cactus and T4, Moringa. Results showed significantly higher bacterial activity (p<0.05) in T1 (until 1.38x1010CFU), therefore it had the highest temperatures and mineralization. Treatments with prickly pear cactus attained the highest temperatures, compared with those with moringa (significantly in 71% of total sampling days, p<0.05). An aerobic environment was maintained by the passive aeration system (holed PVC pipes placed at the bottom layer). The final material was considered to be sanitized, according to Enterobacteriaceae,Escherichia coliandSalmonella/Shigellaanalysis for quality control. Results indicate the BP efficiency on regional substrates decomposition, by using the static piles method.
Physiological basics of sweet cherry productivity depending on rootstocks, interstems and plant density
Authors: Bondarenko Pavlo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOptical and physiological parameters in sweet cherry tree canopies at different plant density and rootstock-interstem-scion combinations were studied in order to identify the combinations that would ensure optimal passage of photosynthesis and increase yield and fruit quality. It was shown that cherry cultivars react differently to varying plant density depending on their growth habit and thus require different planting schemes. Leaves in the periphery of tree canopy had higher dry matter content per unit of leaf surface area (LSA) and increased net photosynthetic productivity (NPP) compared to leaves in the center of the canopy. This can be related to higher light interception (LI) levels in peripheral zones of the tree. Trees on interstems had higher yield than trees on own-root clonal rootstock. The complex of photosynthetic and yield indices allowed to select the best scion-rootstock-density combinations: for ‘Melitopolska chorna’ cultivar – Krymsk 5 and Gisela 5 interstems with 5 x 3 m planting scheme; for ‘Krupnoplidna’ cultivar – Gisela 5 interstem (5 x 3 m) and Krymsk 5 interstem (5 x 4 m).
Gradient Effects of Animacy on Differential Object Marking in Turkish
Authors: Krause Elif , von Heusinger Klaus 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Animacy is a pervasive cognitive category that is displayed in the grammatical behavior of the world’s languages through categorical or gradient effects. We argue in this paper that animacy is a crucial parameter for Differential Object Marking (i.e., the optional marking of the direct object) in Turkish. DOM languages are typically categorized according to their dependency on definiteness and animacy. Turkish has thus far been assumed to depend only on definiteness; however, we present the first set of empirical evidence based on perceived acceptability judgment measures that show a significant effect of animacy on Turkish DOM. Moreover, we show the gradient nature of this effect. This original finding provides further evidence for the assertion that animacy is a crucial linguistic parameter in Turkish DOM and illustrates how the conceptual category of animacy is deeply entrenched in the grammar of Turkish.
Kamerabasierte Erfassung von Vitalparametern
Authors: Haist Tobias , Reichert Carsten , Würtenberger Felicia , Lachenmaier Lena , Faulhaber Andreas 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die berührungslose und für den Benutzer/Patienten möglichst wenig einschränkende Erfassung von Vitalparametern ist für eine Vielzahl potentieller Anwendungen von hohem praktischem Interesse. In der hier dargestellten Arbeit zeigen wir zwei Ansätze, wie hochgenau und robust Puls und Atmung kamerabasiert detektiert werden können. Wesentlich ist für die Pulsmessung die Nutzung der geeigneten Wellenlängenkanäle und bei der Atmungsdetektion der Einsatz der holografischen Mehrpunktmethodik. Für die Pulsmessung konnte so bei 73 Messreihen eine mittlere Abweichung von 1,67 Schlägen pro Minute erzielt werden. In 95 % aller Messungen lag der Fehler kleiner 5 Schläge pro Minute (klinisch irrelevant). Die Atmungsdetektion lieferte bei 94 Messungen lediglich eine Fehlmessung (Abweichung größer 2 Atemzüge pro Minute) und eine mittlere Abweichung von 0,34 Atemzügen pro Minute.
Automated discrimination of surface imperfections and adhered particles on customer-specific optical elements
Authors: Schöch Alexander , Perez Patric , Linz-Dittrich Sabine , Bach Carlo , Ziolek Carsten 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In previous work, we proposed an automated system, capable of detecting surface defects (e. g. edge chips, digs, scratches) on optical components as defined in the international standard ISO 10110-7. It objectively discriminates between defect classes and quantifies their geometrical size. During assessment of quality control at multiple manufacturers, the need for a method to discriminate between dust particles and surface imperfections has been identified. This article describes an approach to automatically assess dust particles and imperfections on the surface of interest based on the stereo vision approach.