bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchrony — An emergent property of recreational fisheries
Authors: Kaemingk Mark A. , Chizinski Christopher J. , Hurley Keith L. , Pope Kevin L. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Recreational fisheries are traditionally managed at local scales, but more effective management could be achieved using a cross‐scale approach. To do this, we must first understand how local processes scale up to influence landscape patterns between anglers and resources. We highlight how population‐based synchrony methods, used in conjunction with a complex‐adaptive‐systems framework, can reveal emergent spatial properties within social‐ecological systems such as recreational fisheries.

Herein, we quantified the level of spatial synchrony in angler behaviour, defined the relationship between angler synchrony and distance among waterbodies, and highlighted social‐ecological attributes contributing to these patterns. We leveraged a 111 waterbody‐year (34 waterbodies, 5‐year collection period) recreational fisheries dataset from Nebraska, USA to address these objectives.

Intra‐annual patterns in angler behaviour were moderately synchronous across large spatial scales and predominately unrelated to distance among waterbodies. Large‐scale synchronous patterns in angler behaviour emerged from local‐scale interactions between angler heterogeneity and waterbody diversity.

Spatial synchrony in angler behaviour is an emergent property that resulted from local‐level processes that scaled up to form large‐scale patterns. We posit that angler utility in combination with waterbodies sharing these desired utility components caused spatial synchrony among anglers with similar preferences or specializations. The level of spatial synchrony in angler behaviour will therefore depend on the degree of angler heterogeneity and waterbody diversity on the landscape, with high or low levels of both leading to low and high levels of spatial synchrony respectively.

Synthesis and applications. Synchrony‐based methods proved useful for unveiling an emergent property in recreational fisheries that is beneficial for effective cross‐scale management. It may not be appropriate to extrapolate information and apply uniform management actions among local waterbodies because angler behaviour was not synchronous at small scales. Rather, anglers respond uniquely to waterbody diversity and therefore substitute waterbodies may be dispersed throughout the landscape. Creating boat access, for example could yield unintended consequences for a particular angler group and cause local and regional shifts in angler behaviour. Evaluating appropriate management options will require a cross‐scale monitoring approach that captures angler heterogeneity and waterbody diversity at multiple scales.
Root bacterial endophytes confer drought resistance and enhance expression and activity of a vacuolar H+‐pumping pyrophosphatase in pepper plants
Authors: Vigani Gianpiero , Rolli Eleonora , Marasco Ramona , Dell'Orto Marta , Michoud Grégoire , Soussi Asma , Raddadi Noura , Borin Sara , Sorlini Claudia , Zocchi Graziano , Daffonchio Daniele 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIt has been previously shown that the transgenic overexpression of the plant root vacuolar proton pumps H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) and H+‐PPase (V‐PPase) confer tolerance to drought. Since plant‐root endophytic bacteria can also promote drought tolerance, we hypothesize that such promotion can be associated to the enhancement of the host vacuolar proton pumps expression and activity. To test this hypothesis, we selected two endophytic bacteria endowed with an array of in vitro plant growth promoting traits. Their genome sequences confirmed the presence of traits previously shown to confer drought resistance to plants, such as the synthesis of nitric oxide and of organic volatile organic compounds. We used the two strains on pepper (Capsicuum annuum L.) because of its high sensitivity to drought. Under drought conditions, both strains stimulated a larger root system and enhanced the leaves' photosynthetic activity. By testing the expression and activity of the vacuolar proton pumps, H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) and H+‐PPase (V‐PPase), we found that bacterial colonization enhanced V‐PPase only. We conclude that the enhanced expression and activity of V‐PPase can be favoured by the colonization of drought‐tolerance‐inducing bacterial endophytes.
The place of abortion in the pregnancy decision‐making process in young adult women in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Ferrer Serret Laia , Solsona Pairó Montserrat 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInduced abortion is one option to control fertility in Spain. Young adult women (25–34 years old) show a different abortion pattern compared to women in other age groups, being less likely to seek abortions than younger women and having one of the lowest proportions of unintended pregnancies. We aimed to analyse the factors involved in the pregnancy decision‐making process to better understand why young adult women seek abortions in Catalonia, Spain. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 25 nulliparous pregnant young adult women and one focus group discussion with healthcare providers were conducted in 2008/2010. We found that inconsistent contraceptive use prior to an unintended pregnancy was due to ambivalence and weighing of priorities during sex. The quality of the relationship was paramount to the abortion decision whereas other reasons (financial/employment status, fulfilling aspirations, support networks) were less important. We conclude that the motivations for the abortion decision are interrelated and based on the current life stage of women and that there is pressure on young adult women in Spain to become mothers. Induced abortion is perceived as the last resort to postpone motherhood. Our findings reinforce the unequal societal burden placed on women to take responsibility for prevention of unintended pregnancy.
Stakeholder identities in Britain's neoliberal ethical community: Polish narratives of earned citizenship in the context of the UK's EU referendum
Authors: McGhee Derek , Moreh Chris , Vlachantoni Athina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article examines the narrative strategies through which Polish migrants in the UK challenge the formal rights of political membership and attempt to redefine the boundaries of ‘citizenship’ along notions of deservedness. The analysed qualitative data originate from an online survey conducted in the months before the 2016 EU referendum, and the narratives emerge from the open‐text answers to two survey questions concerning attitudes towards the referendum and the exclusion of resident EU nationals from the electoral process. The analysis identifies and describes three narrative strategies in reaction to the public discourses surrounding the EU referendum – namelydiscursive complicity,intergroup hostilityanddefensive assertiveness– which attempt to redefine the conditions of membership in Britain's ‘ethical community’ in respect to welfare practices. Examining these processes simultaneously ‘from below’ and ‘from outside’ the national political community, the paper argues, can reveal more of the transformation taking place in conceptions of citizenship at the sociological level, and the article aims to identify the contours of a ‘neoliberal communitarian citizenship’ as internalized by mobile EU citizens.
Ten years of medical education registrars: Value added?
Authors: Brazil Victoria , Davin Lorna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveThere is a paucity of any long‐term follow up of trainees’ career pathways or organisational outcomes from medical education registrar posts in emergency medicine training. We report on the experience of a selected group of medical education trainees during and subsequent to their post and reflect on the value added to emergency medical education at three institutions.MethodsWe conducted an online survey study, examining quantitative outcomes and qualitative reflections, of emergency physicians who had previously undertaken a medical education registrar post. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise responses to Likert items. The authors independently analysed and interpreted the reflective responses to identify key themes and sub‐themes.ResultsNineteen of 21 surveys were completed. Most respondents were in formal educational roles, in addition to clinical practice. The thematic analysis revealed that the medical education registrar experience, and the subsequent contribution of these trainees to medical education, is significantly shaped by external factors. These include the extent of faculty support, and the value placed on medical education by hospitals/departments/leaders. Acquisition of knowledge and skills in medical education was only part of a broader developmental journey and transitioning of identity for the trainees.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that medical education trainees in emergency medicine progress to educational roles, and most respondents attribute their career progression to the medical education training experience. We recommend that medical education registrar programmes need to be valued within the clinical service, supported by faculty and a ‘community of practice’, to support trainees’ transition to clinician educator leadership roles.
Edible Gum–Phenolic–Lipid Incorporated Gluten Films for Food Packaging
Authors: Liu Rui , Cong Xu , Song Yingshi , Wu Tao , Zhang Min 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was to improve the barrier and mechanical properties of gluten films and further explore their application in the packaging of seasonings. The effects of flaxseed gum (FG), oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs), and lauric acid (LA) on the water vapor permeability (WVP), mechanical properties, and peroxide value (POV) were determined. FG and OPCs improved the WVP properties of the gluten films, whereas LA significantly improved the oxygen‐barrier properties. The FG/OPCs/LA/GP composite film was then optimized, and the morphological, microstructural, and thermal properties of the composite gluten film were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, surface hydrophobicity analysis; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; thermal gravimetric analysis, respectively. The results confirmed that gluten is compatible with FG, OPCs, and LA, thereby leading to the formation of a more uniform, dense, and hydrophobic film. The changes in the preservation properties (appearance, POV, and acid value) of the composite gluten film for oil, salt, and vegetable packaging were also examined. The composite gluten film maintained some degree of seasoning packaging capacity over a 75‐day storage period, indicating its potential for uses as a packaging material for seasonings in food production.Practical ApplicationThe edible composite film will be produced in industry according to the data provided in our paper; the film can be used as packaging material for seasonings in food production.
Speciation of Bio‐Available Iodine in Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Hyphenated with Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry Using an In Vitro Method
Authors: Doh Han Sol , Park Hyun Jin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAbalone is one of the most valuable marine products found in East Asia because it is rich in nutritious substances including iodine. In this study, the in vitro dialyzability approach was used to assess the bio‐available iodine species in abalone. Iodide, iodate, 3‐iodo‐L‐tyrosine (MIT), and 3,5‐diiodo‐L‐tyrosine (DIT) were separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ICP‐MS). To assure the consistency, reliability, and accuracy of the data, the method was validated. Comparison of the total iodine in abalone muscle and viscera indicated that abalone muscle showed greater digestion/absorption efficiency than abalone viscera (digestion efficiency: 68.13 ± 2.59% and 47.88 ± 5.76% and absorption efficiency: 59.78 ± 2.93% and 35.12 ± 1.43% for abalone viscera and muscle, respectively). However, evaluation of the sum of the analyzed iodine species targeted in this study by HPLC‐ICP‐MS indicated that abalone muscle showed lower digestion efficiency and similar absorption efficiency compared to that of abalone viscera (digestion efficiency: 35.52 ± 5.41% and 28.84 ± 1.83%; absorption efficiency: 23.56 ± 4.38% and 27.56 ± 1.51% for abalone viscera and muscle, respectively). The main forms of iodine detected in abalone muscle were iodide and MIT, whereas iodide was the major form in abalone viscera.Practical ApplicationThe bio‐available iodine in abalone was quantified via an in vitro method employing HPLC‐ICP‐MS. The results of this study indicated that abalone is feasible as a new iodine source and may prospectively find application in iodine‐fortified foods.
Cysteamine‐Modified Gold Nanoparticles as a Colorimetric Sensor for the Rapid Detection of Gentamicin
Authors: Gukowsky Joshua C. , Tan Chen , Han Zexiang , He Lili 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA simple, rapid, and specific colorimetric method for gentamicin detection using cysteamine‐modified gold nanoparticles (cys‐AuNPs) has been developed. The maximum residue limits of gentamicin allowed in foods are typically below 100 nM, so an effective detection method for low concentrations of the drug is required. The aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was used as the basis for this method, and adding cysteamine to the AuNPs helped to enhance their aggregative abilities. The cys‐AuNPs are capable of detecting gentamicin concentrations as low as 12.45 nM in water, which could be quantified using UV‐vis spectroscopy. Samples extracted from skim milk with a simple pretreatment showed that gentamicin concentrations down to at least 100 nM could be observed using the cys‐AuNPs. This study demonstrates the ability of the cys‐AuNPs to rapidly detect and quantify gentamicin in both simple and complex matrices.Practical ApplicationThis study demonstrates that cysteamine‐modified gold nanoparticles could be used as a rapid and efficient tool for gentamicin detection. This technique is cheaper, simpler, and more effective than many other methods that are currently used for detecting the antibiotic in industrial and commercial applications. It has a great potential to be practically applied as a rapid screening method for gentamicin and gentamicin‐like compounds in food and environmental samples.
Effect of Meat Type, Animal Fatty Acid Composition, and Isothermal Temperature on the Viscoelastic Properties of Meat Batters
Authors: Glorieux Seline , Steen Liselot , De Brabanter Jos , Foubert Imogen , Fraeye Ilse 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this research was to simultaneously study the effect of meat type (chicken breast and leg meat), animal fatty acid composition (selected pork backfats having a low and high degree of saturation, respectively), and isothermal temperature (50, 60, 70, and 80 °C) on the viscoelastic properties of meat batters during and after application of different time–temperature profiles. Gelation of meat proteins contributed most to the viscoelastic properties of meat batters during heating, whereas crystallization of the lipids especially contributed to the viscoelastic properties during the cooling phase. Although the meat type had little effect on the final viscoelastic properties of the meat product, the fatty acid composition had a clear impact on the melting peak area (and therefore solid fat content) of lard, and subsequently on the final viscoelastic properties of meat batters prepared with different types of fats, with higher G′ (elastic modulus) values for the most saturated animal fat. The crystallization of the fat clearly transcended the effect of the meat type with regard to G′ at the end of the process. With increasing (isothermal) temperature, G′ of meat batters increased. Therefore, it could be concluded that the structural properties of heated meat batters mainly depend on the heating temperature and the fatty acid composition, rather than the meat type.Practical ApplicationQuality characteristics of cooked sausages depend on multiple factors such as the meat and fat type, non‐meat ingredients and processing conditions. From this study it could be concluded that the structural properties of cooked sausage batters mainly depend on the heating temperature and the fatty acid composition, rather than the meat type. Because the fatty acid composition of different animal fats differs widely, these results may be a concern for all manufactures of cooked sausages products with regard to the product structure and final texture, keeping in mind that rendered fat was used in this study, which is not common in sausage making.
Characterization of Pectins Extracted from Different Varieties of Pink/Red and White Grapefruits [Citrus Paradisi (Macf.)] by Thermal Treatment and Thermosonication
Authors: La Cava Enzo L. , Gerbino Esteban , Sgroppo Sonia C. , Gómez‐Zavaglia Andrea 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe physical and chemical properties of pectin extracts obtained from different white and pink/red varieties of grapefruit [Citrus paradisi (Macf.)], using both conventional heating (CHE) and thermosonication (TS), were investigated. The content of galacturonic acid (GalA), degree of esterification (%DM), color and antioxidant capacity were analyzed. Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) associated with multivariate analysis enabled a structural comparison among the pectin extracts, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) completed a full landscape of the investigated extracts. Pectin extracts obtained by CHE showed mostly higher GalA than those obtained by TS. All the extracts had a high antioxidant capacity, as determined by 2,2 diphenyl 1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) and 2,2′‐Azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS*+) assays, and a high correlation with the GalA content. The main differences observed in the FTIR spectra occurred in the 1200 to 900 cm−1 region (differences in GalA). The glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of all extracts were above 85 °C, making them interesting as stabilizing agents for the food industry.Practical ApplicationA wide database for the characterization of pectin extracts from grapefruits was obtained. The relationship between the extraction method and the source of pectins, with the physicochemical and antioxidant properties provided great support for their application in the food industry.
Spray‐Drying of Milk–Blackberry Pulp Mixture: Effect of Carrier Agent on the Physical Properties of Powder, Water Sorption, and Glass Transition Temperature
Authors: Braga Matheus Boeira , Rocha Sandra Cristina dos Santos , Hubinger Miriam Dupas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSpray dryer was used to produce particles from a milk–blackberry pulp mixture (25%:75% (w/w)). Maltodextrin 10DE and 20DE and gum Arabic were used as adjuvants in order to improve powder quality. The particles were analyzed with emphasis on physical and physicochemical characteristics: moisture content, bulk density, particle size, morphology, water activity, anthocyanins retention, anthocyanins content, hygroscopicity, solubility, water sorption, and glass transition temperature. The best results were obtained for the paste composition of 25% concentrated milk‐70% blackberry pulp‐5% gum Arabic, yielding high anthocyanins retention (>87.5%), low powder moisture content of 0.0265 g H2O/g dry matter and a higher powder solubility (>71.8%) when compared with other formulations. The increase of water content led to a decrease of powder's glass transition temperature. Powder stability was evaluated and the critical values of relative humidity and moisture content were estimated based on state diagrams of glass transition combined with sorption isotherm data.Practical ApplicationThe growing interest in blackberries is due to the presence of anthocyanins which have shown possible application as a natural dye for food and pharmaceutical products. Drying a mixture of blackberry pulp and milk may produce particles with a broad range of intrinsic nutrients. Milk components could act as a wall material and emulsifying agent, protecting the flavonoids from blackberry. Therefore, a milk–blackberry powder becomes an alternative, which may reduce postharvesting waste and increase the shelf life of the product without significantly altering its nutritional characteristics.
Meta‐Analysis of the Association of Alcohol‐Related Social Media Use with Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol‐Related Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Curtis Brenda L. , Lookatch Samantha J. , Ramo Danielle E. , McKay James R. , Feinn Richard S. , Kranzler Henry R. 
Published: May 2018

Despite the pervasive use of social media by young adults, there is comparatively little known about whether, and how, engagement in social media influences this group's drinking patterns and risk of alcohol‐related problems. We examined the relations between young adults’ alcohol‐related social media engagement (defined as the posting, liking, commenting, and viewing of alcohol‐related social media content) and their drinking behavior and problems. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies evaluating the association of alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related problems with alcohol‐related social media engagement. Summary baseline variables regarding the social media platform used (e.g., Facebook and Twitter), social media measures assessed (e.g., number of alcohol photographs posted), alcohol measures (e.g., Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and Timeline Follow back Interview), and the number of time points at which data were collected were extracted from each published study. We used the Q statistic to examine heterogeneity in the correlations between alcohol‐related social media engagement and both drinking behavior and alcohol‐related problems. Because there was significant heterogeneity, we used a random‐effects model to evaluate the difference from zero of the weighted aggregate correlations. We used metaregression with study characteristics as moderators to test for moderators of the observed heterogeneity. Following screening, 19 articles met inclusion criteria for the meta‐analysis. The primary findings indicated a statistically significant relationship and moderate effect sizes between alcohol‐related social media engagement and both alcohol consumption (r = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.44, p < 0.001) and alcohol‐related problems (r = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.51, p < 0.001). There was significant heterogeneity among studies. Two significant predictors of heterogeneity were (i) whether there was joint measurement of alcohol‐related social media engagement and drinking behavior or these were measured on different occasions and (ii) whether measurements were taken by self‐report or observation of social media engagement. We found moderate‐sized effects across the 19 studies: Greater alcohol‐related social media engagement was correlated with both greater self‐reported drinking and alcohol‐related problems. Further research to determine the causal direction of these associations could provide opportunities for social media‐based interventions with young drinkers aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related adverse consequences.