bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MALATYA’DA KOLERA SALGINI VE DEVLETİN MÜDAHALE ÇABALARI	(1892-1894)- Cholera Epidemics in Malatya And State Intervention Efforts (1892-1894)
Authors: YÜCEL Gülseren 
Published: May 2019

Salgın
hastalıklar, farklı isimlerde ve değişik biçimlerde insanlık tarihini
değiştirmiş ve değiştirmekte olan bir olgudur. Dünya üzerindeki hemen hemen her
coğrafyada salgın hastalıklar görülmüştür. Salgın hastalığın bulaştığı
toplumlar, bu illetten kurtulmak için her türlü yola başvurmuşlardır. Çünkü
salgın hastalıklardan dolayı ölen insanların sayısı, savaş veya doğal
afetlerden dolayı ölen insan sayısından fazla olabiliyordu. Bazı dönemlerde
salgın hastalıklardan dolayı milyonlarca insan ölmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra salgın
hastalık bulaşmış olan bir toplumun sadece nüfusu azalmakla kalmıyor aynı zamanda
ekonomisi, sosyal çevresi ve demografisi de değişiyordu. Osmanlı
Devleti’nde de ortaya çıkan ve en çok tahribat yapan, binlerce ölüme sebep olan
hastalıklar veba, sıtma ve kolera gibi hızla yayılan salgın hastalıklardır. Her
devlet gibi Osmanlı Devleti’nde de salgın hastalıklar ülkeye girmeden tedbirler
alınmaya başlanmıştır. Kolera salgını konusunda her zaman tedbirli ve
hazırlıklı olunmuştur. Kolera salgınının yakın çevrelere bulaştığı haberi
ulaştığında, salgının Osmanlı Devleti’ne bulaşmasını önlemek için
tahaffuzhaneler kurulmuştur. Çevre temizliği ve kişisel temizlik konusunda halk
bilgilendirilmiş ve hatta bu konuda tebligatlar yayınlanmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin
kolera konusunda yeterli personele ve bütçeye sahip olmadığı görülmektedir. Ülkeye
girip çıkanlar mümkün olduğunca kontrol edilmeye ve tıbbi tedbirler alınmaya
çalışılmışsa da halkın bilinçsizce hareket etmesi sonucunda hastalık ilerlemeye
devam ediyordu. Tüm bu çabalara rağmen kolera salgınının önünün alınamaması ve
ölümlere sebep olması makalemizin konusunu oluşturmaktadır.
TECHNOPHOBIA AS A CULTURAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON: Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Nestik Timofey , Zhuravlev Anatoly , Eduard Patrakov , Marianna Szabó Csilla , Lioudmila Bautorina , Piurcosky Fabricio Pelloso , Ferreira Jeferson Vinhas 
Published: May 2019

Today we can talk about a sufficient formation of both negative and positive attitudes towards the introduction of new technologies. This is the technophobia that continued to be fueled by such objective factors as job slashing caused by events and new inventions. Technophobia includes cognitive, emotional and behavioral components. Along with individual factors (self-efficacy, open-mindedness, anxiety level, user’s experience, emotional state, etc.), the formation of technophobia is influenced by interpersonal factors (communication with colleagues, friends and relatives on the subject of technologies), group and intergroup factors (clash of interests of different relevant groups in connection with the appearance of new technologies, group stereotypes – representations of typical users of the given technology, its developers, etc.), as well as societal factors (mass culture and mass media, the level of technological and economic development of a country, cross-cultural features). In this way, this is an increasingly important phenomenon, since the speed of innovation is very high. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present a theoretical analysis on this subject and to highlight the importance of conducting other research on this subject.
Evaluasi Kritis Penggunaan Membangun Jemaat Dari Perspektif Teologi Kontekstual
Authors: Oktoviandy Oktoviandy 
Published: May 2019

Using a qualitative approach we researched and then evaluated the use model of the book Building a Church in the Toraja Church in the South Sangalla Klasis by using a perspective on contextual theology. In this study we found 2 (two) models of using the Church Building book used by the servants there, namely the translation model and the post-translation model. We evaluate these two models as a model of use that is not sufficient to be able to bring the church to the celebration of God's great presence and work that surrounds all. We evaluate Both of these models is still very narrow in providing space for the development of theology and/ or preaching that is truly contextual. AbstrakDengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif kami meneliti untuk kemudian mengevaluasi model penggunaan buku Membangun Jemaat di Gereja Toraja se-Klasis Sangalla’ Selatan dengan menggunakan perspektif teologi kontekstual. Dalam penelitian ini kami menemukan 2 (dua) model penggunaan buku Membangun Jemaat yang digunakan oleh para pelayan di sana, yakni model terjemahan dan model post-terjemahan. Kedua model tersebut kami nilai sebagai model penggunaan yang belum memadai untuk bisa membawa jemaat (gereja) kepada perayaan akan kemahahadiran dan karya Allah yang besar dan yang melingkupi semua. Kedua model itu, kami nilai masih sangat sempit dalam memberi ruang bagi pengembangan teologi dan/atau khotbah yang sungguh-sungguh kontekstual.
KINERJA REKSA DANA PASAR UANG DENGAN METODE SHARPE, TREYNOR DAN JENSEN PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) – PERIODE 2013 – 2017
Authors: Suparningsih Dra. Budhi 
Published: May 2019

<em>This study aims to determine the performance of money market mutual funds using the Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen methods for 5 years from 2013 to 2017. This research uses qualitative quantitative design. The selected money market mutual fund products are 5 aggressive money market mutual fund products, where the asset allocation is money assets. Data analysis method uses Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen methods. In general, the performance of money market mutual funds based on the Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen methods has fluctuated. The higher the value of Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen, the better the performance of the Money Market mutual fund, because it can provide actual return that is higher than the expected return so as to minimize the individual risk that it bears. Mutual funds with Sharpe and Jensen approaches, the best performance of money market mutual funds is PT Bahana Dana Likuid. Whereas according to Treynor’s approach the best is Danamas Rupiah Plus because for five years it gives a positive value. This shows that it is useful to provide information to investors who want to invest in Money Market Mutual Funds, because it results in a higher return on risk-free investment</em>
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Pembuatan Web Blog Berbasis Web Menggunakan HTML5
Authors: Hasan Mhd Arief , Nasution Nurliana 
Published: May 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyederhanakan proses pembuatan webblog dan memberikan solusi atas permasalahan kompatibilitas pada aplikasi mandiri.HTML5 merupakan teknologi web terbaru yang terus dikembangkan dan akan segera menjadi penerus dari generasi HTML sebelumnya. Layanan pembuatan presentasi berbasis web yang dimaksud akan memanfaatkan fitur HTML5 dan JavaScript untuk menghadirkan aplikasi berbasis web yang ramah pengguna, dengan menitikberatkan dalam menerima masukan berupa teks dan mengelolanya menjadi blog responsive berbasis web 2.0 . Blog web2.0 berbasis HTML 5 dan CSS 3 ini menyediakan antarmuka pembuatan presentasi dengan fitur-fitur seperti audio dan video player otomatus tanpa harus menambahkan plugin tambahan. Selain itu, sblog ini menyederhanakan dalam pembuatan koding. Kata Kunci : Blog, HTML 5, Web 2.0, Responsive
Rancang Bangun E-Commerce Untuk Meningkatkan Penjualan Petani Ikan Menggunakan Algoritma RSA (Studi Kasus : Desa Koto Tibun)
Authors: Van FC Lucky Lhaura 
Published: May 2019

Berbagai masalah yang dialami oleh petani pada saat menjual ikan dan memasarkan ikan seperti, ikan di jual kepada pengepul dengan harga yang di tetapkan pengepul, ikan yang sudah melewati pengepu ldijual dengan harga yang jauh lebih mahal dari pada harga yang sudah di tetapkan kepada petani ikan. Untuk menghindari penjualan ke pengepul dan sebagai media pemasaran air tawar maka di butuhkannya suatu aplikasi e-commerceyang dapat mempermudah dalam bertransaksi khususnya melalui media perangkat bergerak seperti smartphone.Penelitianini bertujuan untuk menyediakan layanan yang dapat membantu petani ikan menjual dan memasarkan ikan. Pemodelan yang digunakan dalam pengembangan aplikasi ini adalah pemodelan waterfall dan menggunakan UML (Unified Modeling Language) sebagai alat bantu pemodelan sistem. Aplikasi ini menggunakan algoritma RSA (Rivest Shamir Adleman) sebagai sekuriti untuk mengenkripsi data pelanggan seperti password pelanggan, alamat pelanggan dan nomor handphone pelanggan
Analisis Perbandingan Algoritma Apriori Dan Algoritma Eclat Dalam Menentukan Pola Peminjaman Buku Di Perpustakaan Universitas Lancang Kuning
Authors: Lisnawita Lisnawita , Devega Mariza 
Published: May 2019

Perpustakaan adalah salah satu sumber informasi dan tempat belajar. Setiap informasi peminjaman buku disimpan oleh perpustakaan sehingga menghasilkan data peminjaman buku dalam ukuran besar. Data yang besar jika tidak di manfaatkan akan membuat masalah dikemudian harinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pola peminjaman buku berdasarkan buku-buku yang sering dipinjam secara bersamaan. Menghasilkan informasi rekomendasi buku dan mengetahui kinerja algoritma apriori dan eclat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pola yang dihasilkan antara algoritma apriori dan algoritmaeclat memiliki frequent item yang sama yaitu sebanyak 20dengan support 0,01%, Confidence 0.875, dan rekomendasi buku yang dihasilkan buku manajemen pemasaran:marketing management 9e jilid 1Performa algoritma ECLAT memiliki waktu eksekusi lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan algoritma Apriori. Algoritma Apriori membutuhkan waktu 31 ms dalam proses eksekusi sedangkan algoritma ECLAT membutuhkan waktu 15ms proses eksekusi.
حكم المشتبهات بين الأمس واليوم
Authors: ALGÜL Adnan , ARMANAZİ Vasim 
Published: May 2019

بين لنا رسول الله صلى
الله عليه وسلم في الحديث الشريف أن الحلال بين واضح، والحرام بين واضح لا إشكال
فيه، ولكنه ذكر في الحديث نفسه أيضاً أن بين الحلال والحرام أمورا مشتبهات غير
واضحة الحكم ولا يعلمها كثير من الناس وقد ذكر أن الابتعاد عن كل ما فيه شبهة هو
من كمال الورع ونقاء الدين.من هنا جاء بحثنا
ليبين ماهي هذه المشتبهات؟ ولماذا هي متشابهات؟ وما هو سبب التشابه فيها ؟ وهل
يمكن معرفة حكمها؟؟

أسباب التشابه هي في الحقيقة كثيرة
جدًا وقد ذكرها بعض العلماء كالإمام الغزالي وغيره مفصلة. لكننا أجملناها هنا
بأربعة أسباب رئيسة هي: الشك بالسبب، والشك بالاختلاط، وتعارض الأدلة، والاختلاف
بالاجتهاد والقياس. دون ذكر الأسباب الفرعية التي يمكن أن تدرج تحت هذه الأسباب،
ثم بعد كل سبب بينا علاقته بالمشتبه وكيف يمكننا التخلص من التشابه فيه وبيان
حكمه.
Dinî Referanslarda Ailenin Sorumluluğu Bağlamında Çocuğun Dinî Eğitimine Dair Bazı İlkeler
Authors: ÇOBAN Mustafa 
Published: May 2019

Çocuk insanlık için hayatın devamını sağlayan temel unsur ve gelecek nesillerle bağ kuran bir köprü olması sebebiyle önemlidir. Nesli devam ettirmek arzusu bütün canlılar gibi fıtrî olarak insanda da vardır ve bu arzu insan eksenli değerlendirildiğinde çok daha öne çıkmaktadır. Neslin devamı Müslümanlar özelinde ele alınacak olursa ancak imanlı evlatlarla mümkün olmaktadır; İslam’a göre bu arzu imanla bağlantılı olabilmektedir. İnsan neslinin devamının temel taşı olan çocuk, eğitim ve eğitim sonucuna dair bilgilerin dinimizin temel kaynaklarında sıkça birlikte zikredildiğini görebiliriz. Göz nuru ve gönül ferahlığı anlamında vasıflandırılan çocuk, bazen ebeveynin dünyada iyiliklerini devam ettiren bir sebep iken, bazen de bir emanet anlamında “imtihan vesilesi” olarak ele alınmaktadır.Çocuk eğitimi ile ilgili ilkelerin referans olarak Kur’an ve sünnetten seçilme sebebi hem referans güvenilirliği konusu hem de kültürel kod ve medeniyet algımıza uygun düşmesidir.İslâm dünyasının temel problemlerinden birisi de hedeflediği çocuk ve dolayısıyla insan tipinin oluşturulamamış olmasıdır. Bu insan tipinin oluşmaması, geleceğe yönelik “Nasıl bir çocuk yetiştirelim?” düşüncesini de İslami kültürün değil, modern kültürün hem çocuklarımızı hem de hayatımızı kuşatarak istediği yöne yönlendirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada çocuk ve eğitime dair ilkeler dini referanslar bağlamında değerlendirilerek Kur’an ve sünnette eğitimle ilgili benzerlik gösteren kavramlar birlikte ele alınıp; genellikle vahiy ve sünnetin işaret ettiği noktalarda çocuklarla ilgili tavsiyeler tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Son tahlilde çocuk eğitiminin birinci ve en önemli sorumlusu ebeveynin yapması gereken hususlara değinilerek Müslüman çocuk örnekliğine dair bazı ilkeler üzerinde durulacaktır.
Perillyl Alcohol and Perillic Acid Exert Efficient Action upon HSV-1 Maturation and Release of Infective Virus
Authors: Mello Camilly Pires , Quirico-Santos Thereza , Amorim Lídia Fonte , Silva Viveca Giongo , Fragel Lucianne Madeira , Bloom David C , Paixão Izabel Palmer 
Published: May 2019

Background Infection by herpes simplex type-1 virus (HSV-1) causes several pathological processes, including cutaneous, oral and genital infections, fatal encephalitis and cognitive dysfunction due to grey matter loss. Acyclovir is the reference compound used as HSV-1 antiviral therapy. However, with the emergence of HSV-resistant strains to current antiviral drugs, development of new antiviral agents with distinct modes of action is urgently needed. Methods In this study, we examined the mechanism of action of monoterpenes perillyl alcohol (POH) and perillic acid (PA) upon in vitro replication of HSV-1 KOS wild-type and the syn-mutant 17+ strain on Vero cells by plaque assay. Results The cytotoxicity of POH and PA was measured by MTT assay and indicated that both compounds had high anti-HSV-1 activities in a concentration range that was not toxic for Vero cells. In addition, PCR analysis showed that POH and PA did not inhibit viral genome replication, but rather the release of infective virion particles from Vero cells. Conclusions Such findings suggest that POH and PA exert action upon late stages of HSV-1 maturation, therefore, indicating a promising perspective to its application in clinical investigation as effective anti-HSV-1 therapy preventing intermittent reactivation and progressive grey matter loss.
Liver involvement in the process of acute respiratory infections in pediatric patients
Authors: Baghdasaryan Nune , Ayvazyan Gohar , Grigoryan Murad , Avetisyan Lilit , Asatryan Olya , Mnatsakanyan Nane , Perikhanyan Anush 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of liver involvement in pediatric patients with ARI using both routine tests of hepatic panel, and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) to identify the most sensitive indicators of early hepatic injury.
Methodology: A prospective cohort study of 84 armenian children with ARI was conducted to evaluate the associated liver involvement. The diagnostic variables of interest were the signs of clinical disease severity, and enzymatic profile of the patients.
Results: Serum levels of OCT were increased in 94% of patients versus routine tests of hepatic panel (AST in 41.7%, ALT in 15.5%, etc). Variance analysis by severity groups showed the serum levels of OCT (p < 0.001), ammonia (p < 0.001), phospholipides (p = 0.05), glucose (p = 0.01), TNF-α (p = 0.01), IL-8 (p < 0.001), AST (p < 0.001), and ALP (p < 0.001) were associated with the severity of underlying disease. Moreover, regression analysis revealed the serum activity of OCT (p value < 0.001, OR = 1.27) and ammonia (p value 0.002, OR = 1.1) significantly predict the severity of the disease.
Conclusions: Using more sensitive marker of liver damage can detect more cases of ARI with hepatic manifestations. For evaluation of the liver involvement we are suggesting the testing of serum OCT levels as a more sensitive and specific marker. Pediatric patients with ARI and with higher serum OCT levels have 27% more chance to experience increased disease severity, which can affect on liver state and prolong hospitalization time and cost.
Evaluation of IL-2, IL-10, IL-4 and ɤ-interferon levels in the oral fluids of patients with hepatitis C, B and HIV
Authors: Azatyan Vahe , Yessayan Lazar , Shmavonyan Melanya , Melik-Andreasyan Gayane , Perikhanyan Anush , Porkshenyan Kristina 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Oral fluid cytokine levels can vary considerably during the onset of Inflammatory Periodontitis (IP) especially in people with hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Aim of our study was to evaluate levels of oral cytokines during the onset of IP among HCV, HBV and HIV negative and positive individuals in order to evaluate local immunity state during these infections.
Methodology: This was a case control study with 3 groups of virally infected individuals and control group. All had IP including control group.
Results: 45 patients (51.7%) had HCV, 18 (20.7%) HBV and 24 (27.6%) HIV. For IL-2 we received significant difference for all groups compared with control -2.83; HBV-31.1 (p < 0.001), HCV-25.99 (p < 0.001) and HIV-24.57 (p < 0.001). For IL-10 significant difference was observed between control -0.94 and HCV-3.63 (p = 0.027), HBV-8.38 (15.51) groups (p < 0.001). IL-4 was significantly higher in control group 14.29 compared to HCV 0.2 (p < 0.001) and HIV 0.21 (p = 0.037) group. The adjusted analysis where we consider age as possible confounder revealed that only IL-2 significantly differs for all groups compared with control group: control vs HCV (p = 0.001); control vs HBV (p = 0.024); control vs HIV (p = 0.004).
Conclusions: Evidence for significant differences when comparing oral fluid cytokines of individuals with HCV, HBV and HIV with non-viral individuals was more obvious for IL-2. IL-2 levels were significantly higher in all 3 groups vs non-viral group even when age is confounder.
Mind the gap: Improving the performance of the reference laboratory to end-tuberculosis in Armenia
Authors: Cholakyans Viktorya , Kabasakalyan Eduard , Denisiuk Olga , Akopyan Kristina , Davtyan Karapet , Akhalaia Maka , Mirzoyan Alvard , Hayrapetyan Armen , Zachariah Rony 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: A one of the step towards achieving TB related targets is to ensure early and quality diagnosis of TB in national laboratories. WHO recommends that all national reference laboratories in TB burden countries strive to reach accreditation by 2025, based on ISO15189:2012 quality management system standard. To identify gaps, progress and evaluated the evolution in implementation QMS we performed a formal assessment of the national TB reference laboratory of Armenia, as well as estimates the specific quality indicators of NRL activity.
Methodology: This is retrospective study cross-sectional study using laboratory data from the National TB Reference Laboratory in Armenia. Quality Management System assessments was conducted twice a year, using TB SLMTA assessment checklist. The sputum rejection and culture rates for quality indicators are calculated and assessed monthly.
Results: Compared to the baseline in 2016, there was a quality improvement reflecting the progress from zero to a “one star” in 2018. Areas that reached half of the target score included document and records, management review and responsibilities, evaluation and audits. Sections as “client management and customer service” and “evaluation and audits” stagnated in terms of progress. In terms of NRL performace, all indicators improved except for culture positivity in smear negative tuberculosis.
Conclusion: Although a quality management system was introduced in the NRL there is now an urgent need to develop and implement an adapted roadmap for Armenia. This will be vital to hasten the much-needed pace towards accreditation.
A country-wide evaluation of infection control for tuberculosis in health-care facilities in Armenia
Authors: Jayaraj Joshua Chadwick , Davtyan Karapet , Davatyan Hayk , Khachatryan Anush , Hayrepetyan Armen , Khachatryan Lilit , Abgaryan Seda , Reid Anthony , Laxmeshwar Chinmay , Hermans Veerle , Guardiola Maite , Grieve Timothy , Zachariah Rony 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Infection control at health facilities is an important part of TB control programmes. To assess the implementation of tuberculosis infection control (TB IC) measures and barriers hindering their implementation in TB health care facilities (HCFs) in Armenia; to report the feasibility of using the WHO recommended checklist.
Methodology: A cross-sectional survey using WHO TB-IC checklist and direct observations was conducted between January and May 2018.
Results: The survey included all 62 TB institutions in Armenia. TB HCFs in Armenia had implemented some recommended TB IC measures: offering IC training to staff (48%), shortening time to diagnosing TB to less than one day (29%) and ensuring good ventilation (60%). N95 respirators were available in all HCFs. However, barriers that hindered implementation of TB IC measures were: lack of training, a different incentive model for primary care doctors versus TB doctors and lack of space and poor conditions of the building.
Conclusion: The use of the standardized WHO checklist in this first evaluation of TB IC measures in Armenia was found to be useful and feasible in identifying areas of weak IC implementation and barriers to achieving good infection control. Other TB programs may benefit from the use of this model of assessment, based on the WHO checklist.
When will the coughing stop? Characteristics of children with pertussis (whooping cough) in Armenia (2014-2018)
Authors: Margaryan Sose , Wells Markus , Apresyan Hripsime , Grigoryan Tatevik , Akopyan Kristina , Denisiuk Olga , Zachariah Rony , Davtyan Karapet 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Despite the reported cases of whooping cough in Armenia, there has been no formal evaluation of “who these cases are and their load on hospital wards”. In a tertiary reference hospital, we determined the trend in hospitalized pertussis cases stratified by vaccination status and risk factors associated with apnea and hospital stay.
Methodology: Retrospective cohort study of children (< 18 years) with confirmed pertussis hospitalized at the Republican Infectious Diseases Hospital between 2014 and 2018. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors.
Results: The majority (62%) of 116 children (44% female, mean age 21 months) were from regions outside the capital city of Yerevan. Standardized pertussis admissions increased by almost fivefold, from 2.2/1,000 in 2014 to 10.6/1,000 in 2018. The cumulative average percentage (2014-2018) of children not vaccinated against pertussis was 33%, while 29% were completely vaccinated. Twenty-five children (21%) had apnea, two of whom died. Younger age (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.04; P = 0.05), not having been vaccinated (OR = 3.57; P = 0.01) and having comorbidities (OR = 4.1; P = 0.09) were associated with apnea. After adjusting for age, the longer hospital stay (>8 days) was significantly associated with non-vaccination (OR = 5.0, P = 0.002).
Conclusions: There is a progressive increase in rate of hospital admissions for pertussis meriting closer vigilance on a national scale. Unvaccinated children of younger age are predisposed to apnea and longer hospitalization and would benefit from early referral to specialized infectious units. This may improve clinical outcomes and reduce hospital burden.