bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Water Source and Trout Strain on Expression of Stress-Affected Genes in a Commercial Setting
Authors: Welker Thomas L , Overturf Ken , Abernathy Jason 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Reduced water quality is a common problem in intensive fish culture that limits production and can affect fish mortality. In this study, two strains of juvenile Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (initial weight ~ 210 g) were exposed to first-, third-, and fifth-use water from raceways (the source spring and after two and four raceway passes) at a commercial Rainbow Trout farm for 90 d. Fish were sampled at 10 and 90 d poststocking to examine the effect of water source on the stress response and stress-affected gene expression (gill, kidney, liver, and spleen). Water quality, especially dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and total dissolved solids, was poorer in fifth-use water, causing significantly lower growth performance and an elevated stress response in Rainbow Trout. All six “stress-affected” genes examined—superoxide dismutase (SOD), regulator of G-protein signaling (REGPS), growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (GADD45a), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), FK506-binding protein 2 (FKBP2), and catalase (CAT; unchanged in gill and spleen)—were differentially expressed as water quality deteriorated from first- to fifth-use water, and the length of exposure also affected the expression of most genes. The uniformity of response of these genes to water quality stress makes them candidates as potential biomarkers for identification of stressful conditions and for further understanding effects on Rainbow Trout performance in intensive culture systems.
Maximizing sensitivity for fast GABA edited spectroscopy in the visual cortex at 7 T
Authors: Hendriks Arjan D. , Fracasso Alessio , Arteaga de Castro Catalina S. , Gosselink Mark W.J.M. , Luijten Peter R. , Petridou Natalia , Klomp Dennis W.J. 
Published: February 2018

The combination of functional MRI (fMRI) and MRS is a promising approach to relate BOLD imaging to neuronal metabolism, especially at high field strength. However, typical scan times for GABA edited spectroscopy are of the order of 6‐30 min, which is long compared with functional changes observed with fMRI.The aim of this study is to reduce scan time and increase GABA sensitivity for edited spectroscopy in the human visual cortex, by enlarging the volume of activated tissue in the primary visual cortex. A dedicated setup at 7 T for combined fMRI and GABA MRS is developed. This setup consists of a half volume multi‐transmit coil with a large screen for visual cortex activation, two high density receive arrays and an optimized single‐voxel MEGA‐sLASER sequence with macromolecular suppression for signal acquisition.The coil setup performance as well as the GABA measurement speed, SNR, and stability were evaluated. A 2.2‐fold gain of the average SNR for GABA detection was obtained, as compared with a conventional 7 T setup. This was achieved by increasing the viewing angle of the participant with respect to the visual stimulus, thereby activating almost the entire primary visual cortex, allowing larger spectroscopy measurement volumes and resulting in an improved GABA SNR. Fewer than 16 signal averages, lasting 1 min 23 s in total, were needed for the GABA fit method to become stable, as demonstrated in three participants. The stability of the measurement setup was sufficient to detect GABA with an accuracy of 5%, as determined with a GABA phantom. In vivo, larger variations in GABA concentration are found: 14‐25%. Overall, the results bring functional GABA detections at a temporal resolution closer to the physiological time scale of BOLD cortex activation.
Time to Peak Weight Loss During Extended Behavioral Treatment
Authors: Butryn Meghan L. , Call Christine C. , Schumacher Leah M. , Kerrigan Stephanie G. , Forman Evan M. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveThis study was designed to examine the variability in timing of peak weight loss in behavioral treatment (BT), that is, when treatment participants reach their greatest amount of cumulative weight loss.MethodsSecondary data analyses were conducted, drawing upon data from two clinical trials that provided 12 months of group‐based BT, with sessions meeting less frequently in the second half of the treatment year. Weight was measured at the beginning of each treatment session.ResultsCumulative proportions of participants reaching peak weight loss were as follows: 25.0% of study 1 and 20.0% of study 2 participants by month 4; 43.2% of study 1 and 52.2% of study 2 participants by month 6; 54.5% of study 1 and 77.8% of study 2 participants by month 8. Among participants who peaked after 4 months, the mean amount of additional weight loss achieved between 4 months and the peak session was 4.74 kg in study 1 and 4.07 kg in study 2.ConclusionsSubstantial variability in the timing of peak weight loss was observed, with larger than expected proportions of participants reaching their greatest amount of cumulative weight loss in the final months of treatment. This variability may create methodological and clinical challenges.
Correlates and predictors of obesity‐specific quality of life of former participants of a residential intensive lifestyle intervention
Authors: Elbe A.‐M. , Elsborg P. , Dandanell S. , Helge J. W. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weight loss during and after a unique type of weight loss intervention, namely, a residential intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), and participants' obesity‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) several years after the intervention. In the residential ILI under investigation, participants attended a 10‐ to 12‐week long course away from their daily living environment, namely, at Ubberup Folk High School located in Denmark.MethodsA total of 79 former participants (31 male, mean age 36.6; SD = 12.7 years) who had participated in the intervention on average 5.3 (SD = 3.2) years ago were recruited for this study. They completed a questionnaire on weight‐related quality of life (IWQOL‐lite) and physical activity, as well as measurements of VO2max, blood pressure, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, waist circumference and hand grip strength.ResultsThe study results showed that weight change after the end of the intervention could predict HRQOL whereas how much weight they lost during the intervention could not. Furthermore, almost all of the investigated physiological factors were related to participants' current HRQOL. Waist circumference showed relationships with four of the five aspects of HRQOL.ConclusionFocusing on behavioural change, adhering to improved lifestyle and maintaining weight loss after the end of the intervention seem to be the key not only for cardio‐metabolic risk factors but also for sustainable HRQOL.
Preparation and characterization of poly(2‐methyl‐1,5‐pentamethylene oxamide) (PM52) polymer
Authors: Mutua Fredrick Nzioka , Gao Yuanbo , Yang Tingting , Zhu Bo , He Yong 
Published: February 2018

Poly(2‐methyl‐1,5‐pentaneoxamide) (PM52) with relative viscosity up to 3.3 were synthesized using 2‐methyl‐1,5‐pentanediamine (M52) and dibutyl oxalate via spray/melt polycondensation. The obtained polyoxamide was characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, WAXD, DSC, and TGA. The Tm of PM52 was 200°C with a heat of fusion (ΔHf) of 59.7 J·g−1, crystallization temperature of 125°C, and a crystallization enthalpy (ΔHc) of 42.6 J·g−1. Isothermal crystallization studies revealed a 2‐dimensional crystallization phenomenon which didn't vary with change in crystallization temperature. TGA analysis revealed that the thermal stability of PM52 compared well with commercial PA6, and XRD studies revealed an α form of crystal structure and that the polymers possessed good crystallinity. Saturated water absorption of 4.6 wt% was recorded for the new polyoxamide synthesized as compared with 10.6 wt% for commercial PA6; such properties are good for applications in the food industry, plastics, and electronics industry where dimensional stability is a key requirement.
Cover Image, Volume 67, Issue 3
Authors: Anjum Sadiya , Gurave Pramod M , Gupta Bhuvanesh 
Published: February 2018

The cover image, by Sadiya Anjum et al., is based on the Research Article Calcium ion‐induced self‐healing pattern of chemically crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels, DOI: 10.1002/pi.5517.
image
John D. Roberts, his beginnings at UCLA, his transformation of physical organic chemistry, and his impact on science
Authors: Houk Kendall N. , Liu Fang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis is a short account of the life and accomplishments of John D. Roberts on the occasion of his 100th birthday. Jack Roberts' education at the University of California, Los Angeles, his extraordinary career, and chemical discoveries contributed to the development of physical organic chemistry as a pervasive force on science.
The acceptability and feasibility of lay‐health led interventions for the prevention and early detection of cancer
Authors: McWilliams Lorna , Bellhouse Sarah , Yorke Janelle , Cowan Richard , Heaven Catherine M. , French David P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundUS‐based evidence suggests that lay‐health worker (LHW) interventions can increase awareness around cancer risk‐related lifestyles, symptom recognition, and screening programme uptake. The suitability of LHW interventions in the UK and the potential barriers and facilitators for implementation is currently unknown. This study explored the acceptability and feasibility of developing LHW interventions for cancer prevention, screening, and early diagnosis.MethodsPurposive sampling recruited 5 separate lay groups: (1) completed cancer treatment; (2) friends/family of cancer patients; (3) cancer hospital volunteers; (4) cancer charity volunteers; and (5) members of the public. Audio‐recorded focus groups and semi‐structured interviews were transcribed for thematic analysis using framework matrices.ResultsForty‐one people (66% female, aged 23‐84 years) participated. Three main themes are reported: (1) scope of LHW roles, with a clear remit embedded within communities or primary care practices; (2) defining LHW tasks, with a focus on supporting people overcome barriers including lack of cancer symptom knowledge and non‐attendance at screening; and (3) clear boundaries, with LHW training and on‐going support from healthcare staff seen as key for intervention success. All groups were uncomfortable about having lifestyle‐related risk conversations and potentially inflicting guilt. The post‐treatment group expressed less concern about the possible emotional impact of discussing cancer symptoms, compared with the other groups.ConclusionsLHW interventions to promote early diagnosis or screening were generally considered acceptable in a UK context. LHW interventions focussing on reducing cancer risk may be less feasible.
Predicting the primary fragments in mass spectrometry usingab initioRoby–Gould bond indices
Authors: Alhameedi Khidhir , Bohman Björn , Karton Amir , Jayatilaka Dylan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere is currently a lack of computational methods supporting the elucidation of unknown compounds by mass spectrometry. In this study, we develop and evaluate seven different protocols, based on theab initioRoby–Gould bond indices [Gouldet al., Theor. Chem. Acc., 2008, 119, 275] for predicting the mass‐to‐charge ratio of the highest intensity peak (base peak) in electron impact mass spectra. The protocols are applied to a dataset of 75 molecules, including five directly targeted semiochemicals. The Roby–Gould bond indices are also surveyed exhaustively, for the first time, for a dataset of 103 molecules with 682 CC bonds. For neutral species we find that the bond indices are, as may be expected, highly correlated with the bond length; for cations, although there is a correlation, the bond indices are more variable. One of our protocols, protocol MG, correctly predicts the base peak in the mass spectra for 65 out of 75 cases. The correct base peak was calculated for three out of five targeted natural products.
Binding maps for the study and prediction of bimetallic catalyst surface reactions: The case of methanol oxidation
Authors: Gormley Eoghan L. , Berger Robert F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFocusing on the competing pathways of methanol oxidation on platinum and platinum/gold bimetallic catalysts, we explore a novel density functional theory (DFT)‐based approach to the study of reactions on catalyst surfaces. Traditionally, DFT has been used to compute binding energies of products and intermediates as proxies for catalytic activity, and to compute full reaction pathways and their activation energy barriers. Merging the computational simplicity and intuitive clarity of binding energy calculations with the site sensitivity of transition state calculations, we construct maps of the binding energies of relevant atoms and molecules at all sites on a surface. We show that knowledge of the arrangement of strong and weak binding sites on a surface is powerful in rationalizing the ease with which a reaction step proceeds on a given local motif of surface atoms. We highlight the prospects and challenges of this approach toward catalyst screening and prediction.
Inverse optimal control for strict‐feedforward nonlinear systems with input delays
Authors: Cai Xiushan , Lin Cong , Liu Leipo , Zhan Xisheng 
Published: February 2018

SummaryWe consider inverse optimal control for strict‐feedforward systems with input delays. A basic predictor control is designed for compensation for this class of nonlinear systems. Furthermore, the proposed predictor control is inverse optimal with respect to a meaningful differential game problem. For a class of linearizable strict‐feedforward system, an explicit formula for compensation for input delay, which is also inverse optimal with respect to a meaningful differential game problem, is also acquired. A cart with an inverted pendulum system is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
Nitrogen‐Doped Single Graphene Fiber with Platinum Water Dissociation Catalyst for Wearable Humidity Sensor
Authors: Choi Seon‐Jin , Yu Hayoung , Jang Ji‐Soo , Kim Min‐Hyeok , Kim Sang‐Joon , Jeong Hyeon Su , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHumidity sensors are essential components in wearable electronics for monitoring of environmental condition and physical state. In this work, a unique humidity sensing layer composed of nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (nRGO) fiber on colorless polyimide film is proposed. Ultralong graphene oxide (GO) fibers are synthesized by solution assembly of large GO sheets assisted by lyotropic liquid crystal behavior. Chemical modification by nitrogen‐doping is carried out under thermal annealing in H2(4%)/N2(96%) ambient to obtain highly conductive nRGO fiber. Very small (≈2 nm) Pt nanoparticles are tightly anchored on the surface of the nRGO fiber as water dissociation catalysts by an optical sintering process. As a result, nRGO fiber can effectively detect wide humidity levels in the range of 6.1–66.4% relative humidity (RH). Furthermore, a 1.36‐fold higher sensitivity (4.51%) at 66.4% RH is achieved using a Pt functionalized nRGO fiber (i.e., Pt‐nRGO fiber) compared with the sensitivity (3.53% at 66.4% RH) of pure nRGO fiber. Real‐time and portable humidity sensing characteristics are successfully demonstrated toward exhaled breath using Pt‐nRGO fiber integrated on a portable sensing module. The Pt‐nRGO fiber with high sensitivity and wide range of humidity detection levels offers a new sensing platform for wearable humidity sensors.
Modal regression using kernel density estimation: A review
Authors: Chen Yen‐Chi 
Published: February 2018

We review recent advances in modal regression studies using kernel density estimation. Modal regression is an alternative approach for investigating the relationship between a response variable and its covariates. Specifically, modal regression summarizes the interactions between the response variable and covariates using the conditional mode or local modes. We first describe the underlying model of modal regression and its estimators based on kernel density estimation. We then review the asymptotic properties of the estimators and strategies for choosing the smoothing bandwidth. We also discuss useful algorithms and similar alternative approaches for modal regression, and propose future direction in this field.This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Density Estimation
Topographic staging of tau positron emission tomography images
Authors: Schwarz Adam J. , Shcherbinin Sergey , Slieker Lawrence J. , Risacher Shannon L. , Charil Arnaud , Irizarry Michael C. , Fleisher Adam S. , Southekal Sudeepti , Joshi Abhinay D. , Devous Michael D. , Miller Bradley B. , Saykin Andrew J. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionIt has been proposed that the signal distribution on tau positron emission tomography (PET) images could be used to define pathologic stages similar to those seen in neuropathology.MethodsThree topographic staging schemes for tau PET, two sampling the temporal and occipital subregions only and one sampling cortical gray matter across the major brain lobes, were evaluated on flortaucipir F 18 PET images in a test‐retest scenario and from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2.ResultsAll three schemes estimated stages that were significantly associated with amyloid status and when dichotomized to tau positive or negative were 90% to 94% concordant in the populations identified. However, the schemes with fewer regions and simpler decision rules yielded more robust performance in terms of fewer unclassified scans and increased test‐retest reproducibility of assigned stage.DiscussionTau PET staging schemes could be useful tools to concisely index the regional involvement of tau pathology in living subjects. Simpler schemes may be more robust.
Migração intrapélvica do parafuso cefálico da haste intramedular longa para fêmur proximal: Relato de caso*
Authors: Cavalcante Elton Luiz Batista , de Faria Fernando Junqueira , Rodrigues Rubens Azevedo , Ribeiro Filho José Eduardo Grandi , de Oliveira Saulo Gomes , Elias Nelson 
Published: February 2018

ResumoO uso dos dispositivos cefalomedulares tem ganhado popularidade no tratamento das fraturas do fêmur proximal. Apesar das vantagens biomecânicas, várias complicações são descritas, entre as quais a migração medial do parafuso cefálico é pouco conhecida. Os autores apresentam um caso dessa complicação incomum em um implante de haste longa tratada em dois tempos cirúrgicos para a retirada dos implantes e posterior osteossíntese com placa bloqueada para fêmur proximal, assim como o desfecho até a consolidação da fratura e resolução do caso.
Estimating the water use efficiency of spring barley using crop models
Authors: Pohanková E. , Hlavinka P. , Orság M. , Takáč J. , Kersebaum K. C. , Gobin A. , Trnka M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the current study, simulations by five crop models (WOFOST, CERES-Barley, HERMES, DAISY and AQUACROP) were compared for 7–12 growing seasons of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) at three sites in the Czech Republic. The aims were to compare how various process-based crop models with different calculation approaches simulate different values of transpiration (Ta) and evapotranspiration (ET) based on the same input data and compare the outputs of these simulations with reference data. From the outputs of each model, the water use efficiency (WUE) from Ta (WUETa) and from actual ET (WUEETa) was calculated for grain yields and above-ground biomass yield. The results of the first part of the study show that the model with the Penman approach for calculating ET simulates lower actual ET (ETa) sums, at an average of 250 mm during the growing season, than other models, which use the Penman–Monteith approach and simulate 330 mm on average during the growing season. In the second part of the current study, WUE reference values in the range 1.9–2.4 kg/m3were calculated for spring barley and grain yield. Values of WUETa/WUEETacalculated from the outputs of individual models for grain yields and above-ground biomass yields ranged from 2.0/1.0 to 5.9/3.8 kg/m3with an average value of 3.2/2.0 kg/m3and from 3.9/2.1 to 10.5/6.8 kg/m3with an average value of 6.5/4.0 kg/m3, respectively. The results confirm that the average values of all models are nearest to actual values.
Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea: can our identification of surgical candidates be evidence-based?
Authors: Pabla L , Duffin J , Flood L , Blackmore K 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground:Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea is a common clinical condition managed by most ENT clinicians. However, despite the plethora of publications on the subject, there is wide variability, in the literature and in practice, on key aspects such as diagnostic criteria, the impact of co-morbidities and the indications for surgical correction.Methods:A systematic review is presented, addressing four key questions from the available literature: (1) what is the evidence base for any definition of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea?; (2) does it cause serious systemic illness?; (3) what co-morbidities influence the severity of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea?; and (4) is there a medical answer?Results and conclusion:There is a considerable lack of evidence regarding most of these fundamental questions. Notably, screening measures show low specificity and can be insensitive to mild obstructive sleep apnoea. There is a surprising lack of clarity in the definition (let alone estimate of severity) of sleep-disordered breathing, relying on what may be arbitrary test thresholds. Areas of potential research might include investigation of the mechanisms through which obstructive sleep apnoea causes co-morbidities, whether neurocognitive, behavioural, metabolic or cardiovascular, and the role of non-surgical management.
Some problems with non-inferiority tests in psychotherapy research: psychodynamic therapies as an example
Authors: Rief Winfried , Hofmann Stefan G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn virtually every field of medicine, non-inferiority trials and meta-analyses with non-inferiority conclusions are increasingly common. This non-inferiority approach has been frequently used by a group of authors favoring psychodynamic therapies (PDTs), concluding that PDTs are just as effective as cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT). We focus on these examples to exemplify some problems associated with non-inferiority tests of psychological treatments, although the problems also apply to psychopharmacotherapy research, CBT research, and others. We conclude that non-inferiority trials have specific risks of different types of validity problems, usually favoring an (erroneous) non-inferiority conclusion. Non-inferiority trials require the definition of non-inferiority margins, and currently used thresholds have a tendency to be inflationary, not protecting sufficiently against degradation. The use of non-inferiority approaches can lead to the astonishing result that one single analysis can suggest both, superiority of the comparator (here: CBT) and non-inferiority of the other treatment (here PDT) at the same time. We provide recommendations how to improve the quality of non-inferiority trials, and we recommend to consider them among other criteria when evaluating manuscripts examining non-inferiority trials. If psychotherapeutic families (such as PDT and CBT) differ on the number of investigating trials, and in the fields of clinical applications, and in other validity aspects mentioned above, conclusions about their general non-inferiority are no more than a best guess, typically expressing the favored approach of the lead author.