bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APP-induced patterned neurodegeneration exacerbated byAPOE4inC. elegans
Authors: Sae-Lee Wisath , Scott Luisa L. , Encarnacion Aliyah J. , Kore Pragati , Oyibo Lashaun O. , Ye Congxi , Pierce Jonathan T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGenetic and epidemiological studies have found that variations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the apoliopoprotein E (APOE) genes represent major modifiers of the progressive neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An extra copy or gain-of-function mutations inAPPlower age of AD onset. Compared to the other isoforms (APOE3andAPOE2), the ε4 allele ofAPOE(APOE4) hastens and exacerbates early and late onset forms of AD. Convenientin vivomodels to study how APP and APOE4 interact at the cellular and molecular level to influence neurodegeneration are lacking. Here, we show that the nematodeC. eleganscan model important aspects of AD including age-related, patterned neurodegeneration that is exacerbated byAPOE4. Specifically, we found thatAPOE4, but notAPOE3, acts withAPPto hasten and expand the pattern of cholinergic neurodegeneration caused byAPP. Molecular mechanisms underlying how APP and APOE4 synergize to kill some neurons while leaving others unaffected may be uncovered using this convenient worm model of neurodegeneration.
Endoreduplication inDrosophila melanogasterprogeny after exposure to acute γ-irradiation
Authors: Skorobagatko Daria A. , Mazilov Alexey A. , Strashnyuk Volodymyr Yu. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe purpose of investigation was to study the effect of acute γ-irradiation of parent adults on the endoreduplication inDrosophila melanogasterprogeny. As a material usedOregon-Rstrain. Virgin females and males ofDrosophilaadults at the age of 3 days were exposed at the doses of 8, 16 and 25 Gy. Giant chromosomes were studied at late 3rd instar larvae by cytomorphometric method. The average polyteny in males increased at the dose of 8 Gy by 10.6%, at the dose of 25 Gy by 7.4%, and did not change at the dose of 16 Gy. In females, the polyteny did not differ from the control value irrespective of the irradiation dose. The statistical impact power of sex on polyteny was 4,9%, the radiation impact was 26,8%. The enhancement of endoruplication is considered as a consequence of an increasing selection pressure after irradiation.
An examination of SEC revenue recognition comments and IPO earnings management
Authors: Schuldt Michael , Vega Jose 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the association between revenue-based earnings management in the periods immediately before and after firms’ initial public offerings (IPOs) and regulatory scrutiny by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) during review of IPO firms’ registration statements.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses conditional discretionary revenues (Stubben, 2010) as its measure of earnings management, and revenue recognition comments delivered by the SEC as its measure of regulatory scrutiny. The authors use ordinary least squares regression (OLS) models, as well as a supplemental count model, to assess the association between conditional discretionary revenues and revenue recognition comments delivered by the SEC.

Findings
This study finds evidence of a positive association between earnings management measures in the pre-IPO period and the number of revenue recognition comments received by those firms during the SEC’s review. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that greater numbers of comments are associated with declining earnings management measures in the post-IPO period. However, the evidence suggests that these associations apply only to income-decreasing earnings management.

Originality/value
This paper extends the IPO earnings management literature by using conditional discretionary revenues as the measure of earnings management, and contributes to a nascent research stream in the accounting literature by investigating the SEC’s comment letter process and its association with, and impact upon, earnings management in the IPO process.
Impact of workplace bullying on employee outcomes: a study of Indian managerial employees
Authors: Rai Arpana , Agarwal Upasna 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of workplace bullying on innovative work behavior and neglect with defensive silence as a mediator. The study further examines if the presence of friendship networks in the workplace can weaken the negative impact of workplace bullying.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through self-report questionnaires from 835 full-time Indian managerial employees working in different Indian organizations.FindingsResults revealed that workplace bullying negatively related to innovative work behavior and positively related to neglect. Defensive silence mediated bullying–outcomes relationships and effects of workplace bullying on proposed outcomes were weaker in the presence of high workplace friendship.Research limitations/implicationsA cross-sectional design and use of self-reported questionnaire data are few limitations of this study.Originality/valueThe study extended the current research stream of workplace bullying to one of the underrepresented developing Asian countries, India. The study also contributes in terms of its sample characteristics as it covers managerial employees working across different organizations.
Determinants of ERM implementation: the case of Tunisian companies
Authors: Mardessi Sana Masmoudi , Ben Arab Sonda Daoud 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Enterprise risk management (ERM) has become an important subject of increasing interest among companies throughout the world. It is gaining global attention among risk management professionals and academics. However, little is known about the extent of ERM implementation in the Tunisian context. More importantly, there are limited studies in literature that examine the determinants of this implementation. The purpose of this study is threefold, to propose an index to measure the level of ERM implementation, to examine the level of ERM implementation in Tunisian companies and to propose a conceptual framework for the determinants of this implementation. From the review of literature, several factors are found to be determinants of ERM implementation. Such factors are the presence of a Chief Risk Officer, the appointment of an internal auditor, the type of industry and the firm size.

Design/methodology/approach
To further understand the relation between ERM implementation and its determinants, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 2016 and administrated to 80 companies. Respondents were CRO and more often internal auditors or financial directors. Other data were collected from annual reports and notes to the financial statements. Along with this, the ordinal regression was applied to test the dependence between ERM implementation and its determinants.

Findings
Based on the data gathered, Tunisian companies have shown an increasing interest in risk management in the post-revolution context; however, an integrated approach of ERM implementation is still at an early stage. Descriptive statistics suggest that ERM is essentially developed in financial institutions, especially in banks and some large companies operating in non- financial industries. With regard to the multivariate regression results, the level of ERM implementation is positively related to the presence of a Chief Risk Officer, internal auditor, the type of industry and the firm size.

Originality/value
This study attempts to contribute to the risk management literature in two ways. Conceptually, this study proposes an ERM index to assess the level of ERM implementation. Empirically, it provides some empirical evidence that highlights factors which determine the level of ERM implementation. Therefore, this study will extend the scope of literature by providing novel empirical evidence by exploring the Tunisian context.
Reproductive mode, stem cells and regeneration in a freshwater cnidarian with postreproductive senescence
Authors: Sebestyén Flóra , Barta Zoltán , Tökölyi Jácint 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

In many basal metazoans, both somatic and reproductive functions are performed by cellular derivatives of a single multipotent stem cell population. Reproduction can drain these stem cell pools, imposing a physiological cost with subsequent negative effects on somatic maintenance functions.

In the freshwater cnidarian Hydra oligactis, both asexual (budding) and sexual reproductive modes (production of resting eggs) are present, and both of these are dependent on a common pool of interstitial stem cells. Resting eggs tolerate harsh abiotic conditions which neither the parental animals, nor asexual offspring can survive (e.g., freezing). Therefore, when facing unfavourable conditions and increased mortality risk, hydra polyps are expected to show higher level of differentiation of interstitial stem cells into germ cells (i.e., sexual reproduction) than other cell types needed for self‐maintenance or asexual reproduction.

Here, by comparing sexually and asexually reproducing individuals to nonreproductives, we studied the physiological costs of reproduction (size of interstitial stem cell pools, their somatic derivatives and regeneration rate, which is dependent on these cell types) in H. oligactis polyps from a free‐living Hungarian population prior to the onset of winter.

Sexual individuals were characterized by significantly smaller interstitial stem cell pools, fewer nematoblasts involved in food capture and lower regeneration ability compared to nonreproductives, but asexuals did not differ from nonreproductive animals. We also found a negative correlation between germ cell counts and stem cell numbers in males (but not in females).

We suggest that the lower numbers of these cell types and lower regenerative ability in sexual individuals reflect a somatic cost of sexual reproduction. Our results also suggest that increased differentiation of stem cells into gametes might limit investment into somatic functions in hydra polyps. Exhaustion of cellular resources (stem cells) could be a major mechanism behind the extreme postreproductive senescence observed in this species.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Macronutrients and micronutrients drive trade‐offs between male pre‐ and postmating sexual traits
Authors: Ng Soon Hwee , Simpson Stephen J. , Simmons Leigh W. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Nutrition fundamentally affects life span and reproduction, and identifying how nutrient intakes are linked to the expression of these life‐history traits can advance understanding of the mechanisms underlying life‐history trade‐offs. Males are thought to face trade‐offs between the allocation of resources to premating secondary sexual traits for gaining access to females and allocation to postmating traits such as ejaculate quality that affects their fertility.

We used the Geometric Framework for nutrition to examine the effects of macronutrient and micronutrient consumption on life span and the expression of pre‐ and postmating sexual traits in male field crickets Teleogryllus oceanicus.

We found that life span was maximized on diets with a low protein‐to‐carbohydrate (P:C) ratio, whereas premating sexual traits (courtship song and cuticular hydrocarbons) were maximized on high P:C ratios. In contrast, sperm viability, a postmating trait, was lowest on high‐P:C‐ratio diets.

Higher consumption of micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) was associated with decreased life span and lower relative abundances of longer chained CHCs, but improved the performance of sperm viability and courtship song.

We show that different macronutrients are not simply calories to be allocated to different traits, but directly determine the expression of different life‐history traits and mediate their trade‐offs. In this study, we also provide evidence that micronutrients influenced the expression of life‐history traits, emphasizing the value of including micronutrients in experiments using nutritional geometry.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Use of electropalatography in the treatment of speech disorders in children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wood Sara E. , Timmins Claire , Wishart Jennifer , Hardcastle William J. , Cleland Joanne 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundElectropalatography (EPG) records details of the location and timing of tongue contacts with the hard palate during speech. It has been effective in treating articulation disorders that have failed to respond to conventional therapy approaches but, until now, its use with children and adolescents with intellectual/learning disabilities and speech disorders has been limited.AimsTo evaluate the usefulness of EPG in the treatment of speech production difficulties in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) aged 8–18 years.Methods & ProceduresA total of 27 children with DS were assessed on a range of cognitive and speech and language measures and underwent additional EPG assessment. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three age‐matched groups receiving either EPG therapy, EPG‐informed conventional therapy or ‘treatment as usual’ over a 12‐week period. The speech of all children was assessed before therapy using the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP) and reassessed immediately post‐ and 3 and 6 months post‐intervention to measure percentage consonants correct (PCC). EPG recordings were made of the DEAP assessment items at all time points. Per cent intelligibility was also calculated using the Children's Speech Intelligibility Measure (CSIM).Outcomes & ResultsGains in accuracy of production immediately post‐therapy, as measured by PCC, were seen for all groups. Reassessment at 3 and 6 months post‐therapy revealed that those who had received therapy based directly on EPG visual feedback were more likely to maintain and improve on these gains compared with the other groups. Statistical testing showed significant differences between groups in DEAP scores across time points, although the majority did not survive post‐hoc evaluation. Intelligibility across time points, as measured by CSIM, was also highly variable within and between the three groups, but despite significant correlations between DEAP and CSIM at all time points, no statistically significant group differences emerged.Conclusions & ImplicationsEPG was an effective intervention tool for improving speech production in many participants. This may be because it capitalizes on the relative strength of visual over auditory processing in this client group. The findings would seem to warrant an increased focus on addressing speech production difficulties in current therapy.
Exome sequencing revealed a novel deletion in the ERCC8 gene in an Iranian family with Cockayne syndrome
Authors: Mohammadi‐asl J. , Hajjari M. , Tahmasebi Birgani M. , Riahi K. , Nasiri H. , Kollaee A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCockayne syndrome (CS) is one the rare DNA‐repair deficiency disorders with autosomal recessive inheritance. Failure to thrive and microcephaly are the major criteria of diagnosis. Owing to genetic heterogeneity of CS, whole exome sequencing is promising way to determine the genetic basis of the disease. Here, we present c.1053delT in ERCC8 gene in an Iranian family with symptom of CS using whole exome sequencing. The deletion was novel and was not previously reported elsewhere.
Driving After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Hanke Jasmin S. , Riebandt Julia , Wahabzada Miena , Nur Fatma , Wahabzada Angela , Dogan Günes , Feldmann Christina , Haverich Axel , Popov Aron‐Friedrich , Zimpfer Daniel , Schmitto Jan D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLiterature on driving capacities of ventricular assist device patients is rare and driving restrictions differ from center to center. Currently, no guidelines exist on whether and when left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients are allowed to begin driving cars after device implantation. In this study, we assess the driving abilities of patients after LVAD implantation. Three hundred and ninety LVAD patients have been surveyed in a worldwide, multicenter study. The single survey followed a multi‐method design, including online, phone, and face‐to‐face interviews. Out of 390 patients, 72% are still driving and 28% did not continue driving after LVAD implantation. Reasons for discontinuation were capability (24%), insecurity (17%), and disapproval by family members (9%) or doctors (5%). Ninety percent of the patients describe their ability to drive as perfect or adequate. Sixty‐nine percent state that they are not restricted in their general driving capacity. Forty‐nine percent report not to be restricted in agility to drive by the device equipment. The majority of patients have not been involved in car accidents or major complications (94%). Eight accidents were reported (3%). Out of those, all were minor collisions. No patient reported the occurrence of a fatal accident or casualties. LVAD alarms did occur in six incidents (2%) with the majority being low battery alarms. The results of this study suggest that driving with a left ventricular assist device is safe for stable patients and driving can be resumed 3 months after LVAD implantation after careful patient assessment.
Retrospective study found that outpatient care for infants exposed to drugs during pregnancy was sustainable and safe
Authors: Rasul R , Ward M , Clews S , Falconer J , Feller J , Lui K , Oei J 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimWe determined the safety, feasibility and sustainability of an outpatient model of care for infants exposed to intra‐uterine drugs.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of 774 drug‐exposed infants born between 1998 and 2016 at the Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, Australia.ResultsMost (86%) of the mothers used multiple drugs, including opioids (58%). More than three‐quarters (78%) of the infants were born full term at a mean gestation of 38 weeks and hospitalised for a median of seven days. This rose to 14 days if they were medicated for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Most of the NAS patients (83%) were discharged on medication, namely morphine, and the median duration of NAS treatment was 76 (interquartile range 35–120). Three medication errors occurred: two extra doses of phenobarbitone and one infant weaned off morphine faster than prescribed. No infants were rehospitalised for NAS. Four died from sudden infant death syndrome at 2.2–5.8 months after discharge and one drowned at 15 months. None were medicated at the time of death.ConclusionOutpatient care for drug‐exposed infants was sustainable and had low complication rates, even for those with NAS. The optimum duration of follow‐up and impact on hospital costs should be examined.
Logistic Regression Augmented Community Detection for Network Data With Application in Identifying Autism-Related Gene Pathways
Authors: Zhao Yunpeng , Pan Qing , Du Chengan 
Published: July 2018

Summary
When searching for gene pathways leading to specific disease outcomes, additional information on gene characteristics is often available that may facilitate to differentiate genes related to the disease from irrelevant background when connections involving both types of genes are observed and their relationships to the disease are unknown. We propose method to single out irrelevant background genes with the help of auxiliary information through a logistic regression, and cluster relevant genes into cohesive groups using the adjacency matrix. Expectation–maximization algorithm is modified to maximize a joint pseudo-likelihood assuming latent indicators for relevance to the disease and latent group memberships as well as Poisson or multinomial distributed link numbers within and between groups. A robust version allowing arbitrary linkage patterns within the background is further derived. Asymptotic consistency of label assignments under the stochastic blockmodel is proven. Superior performance and robustness in finite samples are observed in simulation studies. The proposed robust method identifies previously missed gene sets underlying autism related neurological diseases using diverse data sources including de novo mutations, gene expressions, and protein–protein interactions.
Generalized Linear Models With Linear Constraints for Microbiome Compositional Data
Authors: Lu Jiarui , Shi Pixu , Li Hongzhe 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Motivated by regression analysis for microbiome compositional data, this article considers generalized linear regression analysis with compositional covariates, where a group of linear constraints on regression coefficients are imposed to account for the compositional nature of the data and to achieve subcompositional coherence. A penalized likelihood estimation procedure using a generalized accelerated proximal gradient method is developed to efficiently estimate the regression coefficients. A de-biased procedure is developed to obtain asymptotically unbiased and normally distributed estimates, which leads to valid confidence intervals of the regression coefficients. Simulations results show the correctness of the coverage probability of the confidence intervals and smaller variances of the estimates when the appropriate linear constraints are imposed. The methods are illustrated by a microbiome study in order to identify bacterial species that are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to predict IBD using fecal microbiome.
Marginal Screening of 2 × 2 Tables in Large-Scale Case-Control Studies
Authors: McKeague Ian W. , Qian Min 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Assessing the statistical significance of risk factors when screening large numbers of tables that cross-classify disease status with each type of exposure poses a challenging multiple testing problem. The problem is especially acute in large-scale genomic case-control studies. We develop a potentially more powerful and computationally efficient approach (compared with existing methods, including Bonferroni and permutation testing) by taking into account the presence of complex dependencies between the tables. Our approach gains its power by exploiting Monte Carlo simulation from the estimated null distribution of a maximally selected log-odds ratio. We apply the method to case-control data from a study of a large collection of genetic variants related to the risk of early onset stroke.