bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preclinical evaluation of the CD38‐targeting engineered toxin body MT‐0169 against multiple myeloma
Authors: Bruins Wassilis S. C. , Rentenaar Rosa , Newcomb John , Zheng Wenrou , Ruiter Ruud W. J. , Baardemans Thomas , Poma Eric , Moore Chris , Robinson Garrett L. , Lublinsky Anya , Zhang Yuhong , Syed Sakeena , Milhollen Michael , Dash Ajeeta B. , van de Donk Niels W. C. J. , Groen Richard W. J. , Zweegman Sonja , Mutis Tuna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite significant progress in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), relapsed/refractory patients urgently require more effective therapies. We here describe the discovery, mechanism of action, and preclinical anti‐MM activity of engineered toxin body MT‐0169, a next‐generation immunotoxin comprising a CD38‐specific antibody fragment linked to a de‐immunized Shiga‐like toxin A subunit (SLTA) payload. We show that specific binding of MT‐0169 to CD38 on MM cell lines triggers rapid internalization of SLTA, causing cell death via irreversible ribosome inhibition, protein synthesis blockade, and caspase 3/7 activation. In co‐culture experiments, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells did not induce drug resistance against MT‐0169. In the preclinical setting, MT‐0169 effectively lysed primary MM cells from newly diagnosed and heavily pretreated MM patients, including those refractory to daratumumab, with minimal toxicity against nonmalignant hematopoietic cells. MM cell lysis showed a significant correlation with their CD38 expression levels but not with cytogenetic risk, tumor load, or number of prior lines of therapy. Finally, MT‐0169 showed efficient in vivo anti‐MM activity in various mouse xenograft models, including one in which MM cells are grown in a humanized bone marrow‐like niche. These findings support clinical investigation of MT‐0169 in relapsed/refractory MM patients, including those refractory to CD38‐targeting immunotherapies.
Association of Stress Defense System With Fine Particulate Matter Exposure: Mechanism Analysis and Application Prospects
Authors: Meng Tao , He Jing , Huo Qianru , Wang Yajie , Ren Qingchun , Kang Yihui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe association between the stress defense system and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a hot topic in the field of environmental health. PM2.5 pollution is an increasingly serious issue, and its impact on health cannot be ignored. The stress defense system is an important biological mechanism for maintaining cell and internal environment homeostasis, playing a crucial role in PM2.5‐induced damage and diseases. The association between PM2.5 exposure and activation of the stress defense system has been reported. Moderate PM2.5 exposure rapidly mobilizes the stress defense system, while excessive PM2.5 exposure may exceed its compensatory and coping abilities, resulting in system imbalance and dysfunction that triggers pathological changes in cells and tissues, thereby increasing the risk of chronic diseases, such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This detailed review focuses on the composition, function, and regulatory mechanisms of the antioxidant defense system, autophagy system, ubiquitin–proteasome system, and inflammatory response system, which are all components of the stress defiance system. In particular, the influence of PM2.5 exposure on each of these defense systems and their roles in responding to PM2.5‐induced damage was investigated to provide an in‐depth understanding of the pathogenesis of PM2.5 exposure, accurately assess potential hazards, and formulate prevention and intervention strategies for health damage caused by PM2.5 exposure.
The Distribution of HR‐HPV E6/E7 DNA and mRNA by Histological Grade and the Clinical Performance for Detection of Cervical Cancer and Precancer
Authors: Pi Ruoji , Li Tingyuan , Zhang Hua , Zhou Hang , Yang Yuan , Dai Yu , Wu Zeni , Jiang Mingyue , Chen Wen , Zhu Lan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHigh‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) testing, utilizing both DNA and RNA methods, offers enhanced sensitivity compared to cytology for detecting high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+). Meanwhile, HR‐HPV E6 and E7 mRNAs are more likely to differentiate the transient infection from the persistent than DNA. Aptima HPV can not only detect HPV mRNA but also HPV DNA though it is much more efficient at detecting HPV RNA than DNA. Currently, there are few studies on the distribution of HPV E6 and E7 mRNA and DNA in the same individual. It is interesting to compare the clinical performance of the Onclarity and Aptima HPV assays and to assess variations in viral load across different histological grades at both DNA and mRNA levels. The analysis included 1607 women (902 from a cervical cancer screening population and 705 inpatients and outpatients), with cervical cytological samples tested using the Aptima and Onclarity HPV assays. Both assays demonstrated high agreement for HPV types 18/45 and 16. Signal‐to‐cutoff (S/CO) values and Ct values for various HR‐HPV types increased with histological severity from normal tissue to cancer. Notably, HPV18 Ct values exceeded those for HPV16 and 45 in women with ≥ CIN1 lesions but decreased sharply in cancer cases. Across the screening population, both assays showed similar sensitivity and predictive values for detecting CIN2+ lesions. The area under the curve (AUC) for CIN2+ and CIN3+ detection in the study population was robust (CIN2+: 0.880, 0.863; CIN3+: 0.881, 0.863). The DNA level for various HR‐HPV types increased with histological severity from normal tissue to cancer, which might impact the performance of Aptima HPV assay. Both assays showed similar sensitivity and predictive values for detecting CIN2+ lesions.
Assessment of Time‐Gated Raman Spectroscopy for Online Mineralogy of a Spodumene Ore
Authors: Laitinen Teemu , Legault Marc , Ojala Satu , Boulanger Jean‐François 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the applicability of time‐gated Raman spectroscopy (TRS) for online mineralogy identification, focusing on a Li‐bearing spodumene ore. The study provides an overview of existing online mineralogy tools and points out some limitations of elemental analysis techniques. Dense media separation concentrate and tailing samples used originated from a deposit in Quebec, Canada. Various techniques, including ICP‐AES, XRD, laser diffraction, and specific gravity determination, were used for detailed sample characterization. Samples and their mixtures at known ratios were prepared as powder and slurries, before being analyzed using TRS, followed by spectrum quantitative analysis. Results show a linear correlation between spodumene percentage by weight and the main Raman peak height or area, in both dry and slurry form, with a higher determination coefficient in slurry form. TRS also provided indications as to the gangue minerals present in the samples. This study shows the potential for TRS as a tool for online mineralogical assessment of spodumene ores, and further work should target the determination of detection limits and quantification of both valuable and gangue minerals.
Effect of cigarette smoke exposure and cessation on regional diffusion properties in rat intervertebral discs
Authors: Kelley Joshua , Buchweitz Nathan , Madden Avery , Fan Hongming , Hepfer Glenn , Kern Michael , Townsend Danyelle M. , Ye Tong , Yao Hai , Wu Yongren 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundCigarette smoking is a recognized risk factor for orthopedic disorders, particularly intervertebral disc (IVD) degenerative disease. However, the IVD pathophysiology, especially the spatial–temporal remodeling progression in the context of cigarette smoking, remains unclear. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap through a quantitative assessment of IVD structural composition and diffusion properties using a Sprague–Dawley rat model.MethodsTwenty‐four rats were divided into control and smoke exposure cohorts, each with two sub‐groups of six rats. One smoke exposure sub‐group was sacrificed after 2 months of daily cigarette smoke exposure in a custom smoking apparatus, while the other was sacrificed after an additional 5 months of smoke cessation. The control groups were age‐matched to the smoke exposure groups. A fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique was used to determine solute diffusivities and multi‐photon excitation (MPE) imaging was performed to characterize structural changes in the annulus fibrosus (AF), nucleus pulposus (NP), and cartilage endplate (CEP).ResultsA decrease in diffusivity was observed in the CEP and the AF (radial direction only) after 2 months of smoke exposure. MPE imaging showed aberrant CEP calcification and reduced AF radial collagen fiber bundle diameter, suggesting that the IVD exhibits regionally dependent structural remodeling due to smoke exposure. Furthermore, the smoke cessation group showed deteriorating alterations of structure and diffusivities in all three‐disc regions, including the NP, indicating that five‐month smoke cessation alone didn't reverse the progression of IVD degenerative remodeling during aging.ConclusionThis study advances the understanding of IVD pathophysiology in the context of cigarette smoke exposure and cessation, laying the groundwork for potential earlier diagnosis and optimized interventions.
Inconsistent scientific methods hamper the management of drone use near birds
Authors: Wilson Joshua P. , Amano Tatsuya , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDrone use has increased in the last decade, prompting efforts to manage their operation near wildlife. These efforts are hampered by variations in methods among studies, leading to evidence that is fragmented, inconsistent, and incomplete. To address this, we extracted evidence from 194 studies involving drones and birds, covering 314 species, including 61 studies on drone‐induced bird disturbance that encompassed 206 species. We summarized the results of these 61 studies, identified evidence gaps, and developed a standard method for characterizing drone‐induced bird disturbance. Drone‐induced bird disturbance varied with species, breeding status, and distance of the drone from the birds. Key evidence gaps include a lack of studies on small terrestrial species likely to occur in urban environments where drones are often used and limited research in Africa, Asia, and South America. Methods were inconsistent among studies, with only 20% of studies reporting the often‐recommended response variable of flight initiation distance (FID). We conclude that 1) managers should use evidence, including our database, to inform regulations, such as buffer distances, that account for species, breeding status, and drone type, 2) researchers should target contexts where interactions between drones and birds are likely but few studies exist, such as urban environments, and 3) researchers investigating drone‐induced bird disturbance should conduct horizontal and vertical approaches directly towards birds, and record the FID along with predictors describing the environment, target, and stimulus.
Multi‐institutional Validation of the Interarytenoid Assessment Protocol for Pediatric Laryngeal Cleft
Authors: Siu Jennifer M. , Amin Shaunak , Propst Evan J. , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Prager Jeremy , Wyatt Michelle , Lawlor Claire , Sidell Douglas , Mehta Deepak , Padia Reema , Smith Nicholas , Hartnick Christopher , Hart Catherine K. , Wang Xing , Johnson Kaalan 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundCurrent assessment techniques for determining whether a patient has normal interarytenoid anatomy, a deep interarytenoid notch, or a minor laryngeal cleft are highly variable. However, differentiating between these three entities is important, given it may distinguish whether a patient should be considered for surgical intervention. The Interarytenoid Assessment Protocol (IAAP) was developed to provide standardization of interarytenoid anatomy evaluations. We aimed to assess the reliability of the IAAP for assessment of interaytenoid mucosal height (IAMH) through a multi‐institutional validation study.MethodsReliability of the IAAP was assessed by 10 pediatric otolaryngologists all from different academic centers. 30 de‐identified endoscopic videos of interarytenoid assessments were rated at two separate time points, 2 months apart. Intra‐class correlation (ICC) coefficients with two‐way models were used to evaluate inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability.ResultsThirty endoscopic videos were collected for patients with a median (IQR) age of 4.9 years (59 months; range: 1 month to 20 years). On the first video assessment, inter‐rater reliability was 0.74 (95% CI 0.63–0.84), and on the second video assessment, inter‐rater reliability was 0.75 (95% CI 0.63–0.85) indicating strong inter‐rater reliability. Overall intra‐rater test–retest reliability was 0.75 (95% CI 0.69–0.79) indicating strong agreement. In almost half, 14 (46.6%) raters chose IAAP classification levels within 1 level of each other.ConclusionsMulti‐institutional validation of the IAAP demonstrates strong inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability for assessment of IAMH when evaluated through pictorial analysis. Standardization of anatomical evaluations may improve our ability to perform more reliable outcomes studies of pediatric pharyngeal dysphagia in the future.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2024
Influence of Surface Preparation on the Durability of Repair Coatings for Prepainted Galvanised Steel
Authors: LeBozec Nathalie , Picot Philippe , LeGac Anne , Thierry Dominique 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe performance of repair coating solutions at damaged areas on prepainted galvanised steel was assessed in a cyclic corrosion test and after outdoor exposures in marine atmosphere. Different surface preparations at corroded defects before the application of the repair coatings were tested, for example, water‐jetting, the use of commercial cleaning solutions either acidic or alkaline, a chrome‐free conversion coating and the application of Zn‐Al primer coating. A poorer performance of the repair coatings was observed on damaged and corroded systems compared to damaged‐only panels. This was connected to the presence of remaining chlorides and corrosion products at scribes on corroded panels before repair coating application, which indicated the need for careful surface preparation to minimise the concentration of soluble salts. This was achieved by water‐jetting and the use of alkaline or acidic cleaning which provided satisfying corrosion performance of the repair coatings particularly with a two‐layer system as expected from the thicker layer of the reparation and presence of a primer. The weakest protection was observed when the one‐layer repair coating was applied on a chemically treated surface, which may be related to the weakness of the coating.
4DCT image artifact detection using deep learning
Authors: Carrizales Joshua W. , Flakus Mattison J. , Fairbourn Dallin , Shao Wei , Gerard Sarah E. , Bayouth John E. , Christensen Gary E. , Reinhardt Joseph M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundFour‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) is an es sential tool in radiation therapy. However, the 4D acquisition process may cause motion artifacts which can obscure anatomy and distort functional measurements from CT scans.PurposeWe describe a deep learning algorithm to identify the location of artifacts within 4DCT images. Our method is flexible enough to handle different types of artifacts, including duplication, misalignment, truncation, and interpolation.MethodsWe trained and validated a U‐net convolutional neural network artifact detection model on more than 23 000 coronal slices extracted from 98 4DCT scans. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and precision‐recall curve were used to evaluate the model's performance at identifying artifacts compared to a manually identified ground truth. The model was adjusted so that the sensitivity in identifying artifacts was equivalent to that of a human observer, as measured by computing the average ratio of artifact volume to lung volume in a given scan.ResultsThe model achieved a sensitivity, specificity, and precision of 0.78, 0.99, and 0.58, respectively. The ROC area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) was 0.99 and the precision‐recall AUC was 0.73. Our model sensitivity is 8% higher than previously reported state‐of‐the‐art artifact detection methods.ConclusionsThe model developed in this study is versatile, designed to handle duplication, misalignment, truncation, and interpolation artifacts within a single image, unlike earlier models that were designed for a single artifact type.
The Positive Effects of Soil Organic Carbon on European Cereal Yields Level Off at 1.4%
Authors: Campos‐Cáliz Ana , Valencia Enrique , Plaza César , Garland Gina , Edlinger Anna , Herzog Chantal , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. , Banerjee Samiran , Rillig Matthias C. , Hallin Sara , Saghaï Aurélien , Maestre Fernando T. , Pescador David S. , Philippot Laurent , Spor Ayme , Romdhane Sana , García‐Palacios Pablo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIncreasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in croplands is a natural climate mitigation effort that can also enhance crop yields. However, there is a lack of comprehensive field studies examining the impact of SOC on crop yields across wide climatic, soil, and farming gradients. Furthermore, it is largely unknown how water retention, soil microbial diversity, and nutrient availability modulate the SOC‐crop yield relationship.Materials and MethodsWe conducted an observational study across 127 cereal fields along a 3000 km north‐south gradient in Europe, measured topsoil (0–20 cm) organic C content, and collected data on climate, soil properties, crop yield and farming practices. Additionally, we explored the relationship between crop yield, particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) contents at three soil depths (0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm) in a subset of sites.ResultsRelative yield increases levelled off at 1.4% SOC, indicating an optimal SOC content for cereals along a European gradient. The quadratic relationship between SOC and cereal yield was conspicuous even after controlling for large differences in climate, soil and farming practices across countries. The relationship varied significantly across soil depths and C fractions. MAOC dominated the SOC pool, and was significantly related to relative yield up to an optimal level that varied with soil depth. Soil microbial diversity and nutrient availability emerged as main drivers of the SOC‐yield relationship, while water retention did not exhibit a notable influence.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that SOC is as a key determinant of cereal yield along a European gradient, and identifying this threshold can inform soil management strategies for improved carbon capture based on initial SOC levels. Nevertheless, the complex SOC‐yield relationship highlights the necessity for tailored soil management strategies that consider specific site conditions to optimize C storage and crop yield.
Green Synthesis of Aminosilicate‐Functionalized CuO–Ag Nanocomposites Using Syzygium cumini Seed Extract: Evaluation of Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Kathija M. Muthu , Kavitha B. , Eswaran K. , Badhusha M. Sheik Muhideen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe green EDAS–(CuO–Ag) nanocomposite was synthesized using Syzygium cumini seed extract. S. cumini seed extract act as a reducing as well as stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using different techniques such as UV–vis, FT‐IR, XRD, HRTEM, BET, and XPS. Photocatalytic activity was examined by subjecting it to UV light irradiation conditions and measuring its performance in degradation methylene blue. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of nanocomposite was assessed against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The results revealed that the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities are in following order: CuO < CuO–Ag < EDAS–(CuO–Ag).
2D‐to‐1D Conversion of a Layered Sodium Titanate via Rational Framework Splitting for Highly Efficient Cation Exchange
Authors: Moustafa Esraa , Esmat Mohamed , Iwanade Akio , Oishi Makoto , Nagai Takuro , Tsunoji Nao , Fukata Naoki , Chaikittisilp Watcharop , Ide Yusuke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDemand on high‐performance ion exchangers is ever‐increasing in energy and environment applications. Among many cation exchangers, layered alkali titanates generally show larger cation exchange capacity, but slower cation exchange rate due to their 2D micrometer‐size particle morphologies, which limits their practical applications. Here, a rational conversion of a layered sodium titanate, Na2Ti3O7, is reported to the corresponding 1D ultra‐narrow nanowires via hydrothermal treatment under basic conditions. The formation of nanowires is thought to involve the partial exfoliation of Na2Ti3O7 to form thin plate‐like particles that subsequently split into nanowires along a crystallographically defined, chemically selective weakness in the Na2Ti3O7 crystals. This process is similar to a recently burgeoning materials design using atomic‐level weakness in solids, such as zeolites and metal‐organic frameworks. The proposed formation scheme is further supported by comparative experiments performed on another layered alkali titanate, K0.8Ti1.73Li0.27O4, which possesses randomly distributed defects at the Ti sites. Thanks to the shortening of diffusion path lengths of the interlayer cations, the resulting Na2Ti3O7 nanowires show an excellent cation exchange performance toward Cd2+ in aqueous solution, exceeding several existing cation exchangers such as zeolites and organic resins.
Hyperbolic/elliptic‐CAP formulation for FRCC based on microplane constitutive theory
Authors: Caggiano Antonio , Vrech Sonia M. , Etse Guillermo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe present work describes an elasto‐plastic constitutive formulation aimed at simulating the failure behavior of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (FRCCs). This proposal, based on the Microplane Theory and Smeared Crack Approach (SCA), assumes a hyperbolic maximum strength criterion for the cementitious matrix in terms of normal and shear (micro‐)stresses, evaluated on generally oriented planes (microplanes). A combination of an associated/non‐associated plastic flow rule in conjunction with a fracture energy‐based softening law is defined to complete the modeling approach. The Mixture Theory is applied with the aim of characterizing the fiber‐to‐concrete interactions, described by considering two fundamental interaction phenomena: bridging debonding effects and dowel actions. Numerical analysis of FRCC failure behavior at the constitutive level is performed. Particularly, the soundness and capabilities of this approach are assessed against experimental data from tensile, shear, and compressive tests on FRCC samples. Simple shear tests are also evaluated to analyze the influence of the microplanes approximation over the unit microplane hemisphere. Comparisons against a discontinuous zero‐thickness interface model are proposed. Numerical results also illustrate the capabilities of the proposed constitutive theory to reproduce brittle or localized failure modes in limit stress states through discontinuous bifurcation analysis.