bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anionic Grafting to Strategies for Functional Polymethacrylates: Convenient Preparation of Stimuli‐Responsive Block Copolymer Architectures
Authors: Appold Michael , Bareuther Jennifer , Gallei Markus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFunctional block copolymers (BCP) are promising candidates for many important applications in fields of separations technologies, drug delivery, or (nano)lithography. Here, a universal strategy is described for the preparation of functional poly(methacrylate)s grafted (PMA) to polystyrene‐block‐polyisoprene (PS‐b‐PI) BCPs via a convenient postmodification strategy. PS‐b‐PIs are functionalized by means of hydrosilylation protocols for the introduction of chlorosilane moieties. Subsequent anionic grafting‐to polymerization of different functional PMA macro anions leads to grafted BCP. Various functional and non‐functional homopolymers, that is, poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate), poly(methacrylic acid), and poly(3‐methacryloxypropyl)heptaisobutyl‐T8‐silsesquioxane as well as poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(n‐butyl methacrylate), poly(iso‐propyl methacrylate), poly(tert‐butyl methacrylate), and poly(2‐hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) are block‐selectively incorporated into the PI segment. Applied grafting strategies for the non‐functional PMA derivatives, which feature different sizes of the alkyl substituent, reveal a strong influence on the grafting‐to efficiency. The grafted BCP architectures are capable of undergoing microphase separation in the bulk state, while the resulting morphology is significantly influenced by the introduction of PMA segments as shown by transmission electron microscopy measurements. Additionally, the structure formation and pH‐switching capability of the poly(methacrylic acid)‐grafted BCP is studied by dynamic light scattering, proving the feasibility for the herein investigated synthesis strategy.
On functions with one‐dimensional holomorphic extension property in circular domains
Authors: Kytmanov Alexander M. , Myslivets Simona G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper we consider continuous functions given on the boundary of a circular bounded domain D in , , and having the one‐dimensional holomorphic extension property along family of complex lines, passing through a finite number of points of D. We study the problem of existence of holomorphic extension of such functions into D.
Controlling of reheated quenching temperature of 1000 MPa grade steel plate for hydropower station
Authors: Chen J. , Li C.S. , Chen L.Q. , Fang L. , Huo S.B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe strength and toughness of 1000 MPa grade steel plate for hydropower station treated by different reheated quenching temperatures were investigated. With the increasing of reheated quenching temperature, the yield strength and tensile strength increase sharply, whereas the value of impact toughness decreases slowly. The lath martensite with high density dislocations enhances dislocation strengthening. On the contrary, the acicular or block ferrite (soft phase) produced by intercritical quenching reduces the phase transformation strengthening. Moreover, the ferrite has a low solubility of interstitial carbon due to the body‐centered‐cubic lattice structure. The bar‐shaped precipitates occur during the isothermal holding at the intercritical temperature and it will reduce the precipitation strengthening. The ferrite phase and high misorientation boundaries are the main factors that contribute to the toughening of the experimental steel. The lower the reheated quenching temperature is, the higher proportion of ferrite and high misorientation boundaries becomes. Considering the requirements for mechanical properties of 1000 MPa grade steel plate for hydropower station, the optimal temperature of reheated quenching is ∼920 °C.
Low‐FODMAP Diet Is Associated With Improved Quality of Life in IBS Patients—A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Kortlever Tim L. , Ten Bokkel Huinink Sebastiaan , Offereins Marleen , Hebblethwaite Clarice , O'Brien Leigh , Leeper Julie , Mulder Chris J. J. , Barrett Jacqueline S. , Gearry Richard B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol (FODMAP) diet is effectively manages irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. Long‐term low‐FODMAP studies rarely report quality of life (QoL). We aimed to determine the effect of low‐FODMAP diet on long‐term QoL, gastrointestinal (GI) and non‐GI symptoms in IBS patients.MethodsA prospective observational study of IBS patients referred for low‐FODMAP dietary advice was performed. The primary outcome of QoL and secondary outcomes of GI symptoms, anxiety/depression, fatigue, sleep quality, and happiness were obtained at baseline, 6 weeks (T6), and 6 months (T26).Results111 patients were recruited. 91.0%, 71.6%, and 50.5% of participants completed baseline, T6, and T26 assessments, respectively. There were significant improvements in QoL from baseline at T6 and T26 (both P < 0.001). Significant reductions were seen in GI symptoms at T6 and T26 (both P < 0.001), fatigue at T6 and T26 (both P < 0.003), and anxiety at T6 and T26 (both P < 0.007), compared with baseline. A significant reduction was seen for depression (P < 0.010) from baseline at T26, and a significant increase was seen for both happiness and vitality (both P < 0.04) from baseline at T26. There was a significant correlation between GI symptom response and change in QoL, anxiety, depression, and fatigue (all P < 0.034).ConclusionLow‐FODMAP diet was associated with improved long‐term QoL and GI symptoms, reduced fatigue and anxiety/depression, and increased happiness and vitality. These data support a wider range of benefits for IBS patients consuming a low‐FODMAP diet.
Role of Thiamin in Health and Disease
Authors: Polegato Bertha F. , Pereira Amanda G. , Azevedo Paula S. , Costa Nara A. , Zornoff Leonardo A. M. , Paiva Sergio A. R. , Minicucci Marcos F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThiamin is a hydrosoluble vitamin that plays a role in several biological processes, mainly in glucose metabolism. There are several risk factors for developing thiamin deficiency, such as malnutrition, refeeding syndrome, gastrointestinal surgery, and alcoholism. Recently, the role of thiamin in critically ill patients has gained prominence, and the prevalence of thiamin deficiency was found to be increased in patients with severe burns, major surgery, septic shock, end‐stage renal disease, and heart failure. In adults, thiamin deficiency presents as encephalopathy, dry beriberi (with neurological signs and symptoms), or wet beriberi (with cardiovascular signs and symptoms). Thiamin deficiency can be diagnosed clinically, and all clinicians should be aware of this disease, especially in patients with risk factors for thiamin deficiency. Thiamin supplementation should be started as early as possible in patients suspected to have thiamin deficiency. Treatment is safe, inexpensive, simple, and life‐saving. Diagnosis is confirmed on a positive response to treatment.
Siyaphambili protocol: An evaluation of randomized, nurse‐led adaptive HIV treatment interventions for cisgender female sex workers living with HIV in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Comins Carly A. , Schwartz Sheree R. , Phetlhu Deliwe R. , Guddera Vijayanand , Young Katherine , Farley Jason E. , West Nora , Parmley Lauren , Geng Elvin , Beyrer Chris , Dowdy David , Mishra Sharmistha , Hausler Harry , Baral Stefan 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn South Africa, 60% of female sex workers are estimated to be living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Many of these women face structural and individual‐level barriers to initiating, accessing, and adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART). While data are limited, it is estimated that less than 40% of sex workers living with HIV achieve viral suppression, leading to suboptimal clinical outcomes and sustained risks of onward sexual and vertical HIV transmission. Siyaphambili, a NINR/NIH‐funded study, focuses on studying optimal implementation strategies for meeting HIV treatment needs among cisgender female sex workers living with HIV who are not virally suppressed. Here, we present the study protocol of this sequential multiple assignment randomized trial. In total, 800 viremic female sex workers will be enrolled into an 18‐month adaptive implementation study to 1) compare the effectiveness and durability of a nurse‐led decentralized ART treatment program versus an individualized case management approach, in isolation or in combination to achieve viral suppression and 2) estimate incremental cost‐effectiveness of interventions and combinations of interventions. The primary outcome is a combined intention‐to‐treat outcome of retention in ART care and viral suppression at 18 months with secondary implementation outcomes. Siyaphambili aims to inform the implementation of and scale‐up of HIV treatment services for female sex workers by determining the minimal package of services needed to achieve viral suppression and by characterizing individuals in need of more intensive HIV treatment approaches.
Synthesis, Anthelmintic and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New 2‐Arylidene‐1‐(4‐methyl‐6‐phenylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)hydrazines
Authors: Kamal Raj , Kumar Ravinder , Kumar Vipan , Kumar Vikas , Bansal Kushal K. , Sharma Prabodh C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA series of eighteen novel 2‐arylidene‐1‐(4‐methyl‐6‐phenylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)hydrazine derivatives were synthesized by simple condensation of 2‐hydrazinyl‐4‐methyl‐6‐phenylpyrimidine with benzaldehyde derivatives with an anticipation to find new biochemical hydrazones. Detailed structural analyses were delineated by means of their IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS analysis. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation was carried out against two gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121 and Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96) and two gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli MTCC 1652 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741). In vitro anthelmintic evaluations were also carried against Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma (Annelida) using albendazole as reference drug.
Effect of Lantana camara on the Morphology of Polysulfone Membranes for Water Purification
Authors: Zwane Simphiwe , Kuvarega Alex T. , Mhlanga Sabelo D. , Dlamini Derrick S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMembrane technology has emerged as a viable method for water purification due to the high quality of water that is produced. Flat sheet polysulfone membranes were prepared using the phase inversion method. N‐methylpyrrolidone was used as a solvent and water as a coagulant. Lantana camara of different dosages was used as the polymeric additives in the casting solution. The morphology of the prepared membranes was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and performance of membranes was evaluated in terms of porosity, tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal stability and surface roughness. Results shows that L. camara particles are a pore former and they have the ability to improve the antifouling properties of the resultant membrane from 1.91×105 m−1 to 0.59×105 m−1.
Dyes Adsorption onto Fe3O4‐Bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine Composite Particles: Effects of pH and Ionic Strength on Electrostatic Interactions
Authors: Hu Yaoqiang , Li Kexin , Li Yuting , Liu Haining , Guo Min , Ye Xiushen , Wu Zhijian , Lee Kangtaek 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHydrophobic, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding play important roles in dyes adsorption. Solution pH and ionic strength of aqueous solutions are important factors affecting dye adsorption by influencing the aforementioned interactions. In order to understand adsorption mechanism of dye on the mesoporous particles, Fe3O4‐bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine (Fe3O4‐TSPA) composite particles were used to adsorb methyl orange (MO), methyl blue (MB), and neutral red (NR) from aqueous solutions. Fe3O4‐TSPA particles were found to be effective in removing acidic dyes at pH < 8.5. The adsorption amount of MB was nearly 0.047 mmol/g at pH 2. The adsorptions of MO and MB were found to be significantly influenced by electrostatic interactions. Based on the effect of NaCl on the adsorption, it was concluded that the electrostatic attraction was suppressed by high ionic strength, but suppression was less significant when electrostatic attraction was strong.
Fading Mechanisms and Voltage Hysteresis in FeF2–NiF2 Solid Solution Cathodes for Lithium and Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Qiao , Pollard Travis P. , Ren Xiaolei , Kim Doyoub , Magasinski Alexandre , Borodin Oleg , Yushin Gleb 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe rapid development of ultrahigh‐capacity alloying or conversion‐type anodes in rechargeable lithium (Li)‐ion batteries calls for matching cathodes for next‐generation energy storage devices. The high volumetric and gravimetric capacities, low cost, and abundance of iron (Fe) make conversion‐type iron fluoride (FeF2 and FeF3)‐based cathodes extremely promising candidates for high specific energy cells. Here, the substantial boost in the capacity of FeF2 achieved with the addition of NiF2 is reported. A systematic study of a series of FeF2–NiF2 solid solution cathodes with precisely controlled morphology and composition reveals that the presence of Ni may undesirably accelerate capacity fading. Using a powerful combination of state‐of‐the‐art analytical techniques in combination with the density functional theory calculations, fundamental mechanisms responsible for such a behavior are uncovered. The unique insights reported in this study highlight the importance of careful selection of metals and electrolytes for optimizing electrochemical properties of metal fluoride cathodes.
A study of the influence of chemical environment on the Li (i = 1–3) subshell X‐ray intensity ratios and the L3 absorption‐edge energy for some compounds of 66Dy using synchrotron radiation
Authors: Kaur Rajnish , Kumar Anil , Czyzycki Mateusz , Migliori Alessandro , Karydas Andreas G. , Puri Sanjiv 
Published: January 2019

In the present work, the X‐ray intensity ratios, ILk/ILα (k = l, β, γ1,5, γ2,3, γ4), have been measured for different compounds of 66Dy, namely, Dy2O3, Dy2(CO3)3, Dy2(SO4)3.8H2O, DyI2, and the 66Dy metallic foil by tuning the incident photon energies across its Li (i = 1–3) absorption‐edge energies covering the region 7.8–10 keV in order to investigate the influence of chemical effects on these intensity ratios in the presence of the many‐body effects, which become significant at photon energies in proximity to the Li absorption‐edge energies. The present measured intensity ratios ILk/ILα have been compared with two sets of values calculated using the nonrelativistic Hartree–Fock–Slater model‐based Li (i = 1–3) subshell photoionization cross sections, the Dirac–Fock model‐based X‐ray emission rates, and two sets of the fluorescence and Coster–Kronig yields. The L3 absorption‐edge energy of 66Dy in its different compounds and metallic foil has been deduced from the XANES spectra recorded in the present work. The L3 absorption‐edge energy shifts obtained from these absorption‐edge energies are found to increase linearly with the partial charge on the metal atom (66Dy).
CONTEMPORANEOUS AND LAGGED CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG NEGOTIATED LIVE CATTLE CASH MARKETS
Authors: COFFEY BRIAN K. , PENDELL DUSTIN L. , TONSOR GLYNN T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractU.S. live cattle markets have experienced dramatic shifts in marketing methods over the past two decades, changing the way live cattle prices are discovered. We identify relationships between prices of the five major live cattle marketing regions using Granger causality and directed graph analysis. The two approaches complement each other and reveal that interweek and intraweek price discovery roles for given markets differ. Evidence indicates that Colorado, though a minor market in terms of relative volume, has become an important source of interweek price information to other markets.
La linguistique en toute simplicité / Linguistics, simply
Authors: Bouchard Denis 
Published: January 2019

RésuméLa valeur explicative d'une théorie scientifique repose non seulement sur la quantité des éléments primitifs adoptés (principe de simplicité), mais aussi sur la qualité de ces éléments. En linguistique, les propriétés des substances perceptuelles et conceptuelles des signes offrent une base explicative solide parce qu'elles sont logiquement antérieures à l'objet qui est à l’étude. Ceci est particulièrement important parce que le langage est un phénomène neurologique, voire biologique. Moins les éléments d'une théorie linguistique sont spécifiques au domaine langagier, plus ils sont susceptibles d'avoir la granularité nécessaire pour être biologiquement plausibles (Poeppel et Embick 2005).Cette perspective est celle qui guide mes travaux depuis des décennies. Je l'illustre par l'analyse de plusieurs constructions maintenant classiques dans les études en syntaxe, pour donner une vision globale des conséquences de cette approche. Cette approche méthodologique renouvelle la notion d'adéquation explicative et répond à des questions laissées en suspens dans l'argumentation linguistique des six dernières décennies.
R v Halland the changing perceptions of the crime of bigamy
Authors: Probert Rebecca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn 1845, the conviction of Thomas Hall for bigamy was reported as an example of the unequal way in which the law operated, with great play being made of the steps that Hall could have taken to free himself from his first wife by a divorce, were it not for the cost involved. Since then, virtually every account of nineteenth-century bigamy or divorce has included some version of the judge's apparently ‘brilliantly sarcastic’ speech.But what the judge was reported as saying at the time differs in a number of crucial particulars from what later commentators have reported him as saying. Later accounts have played up the misconduct of the first wife, inflated the cost of obtaining a divorce, and exaggerated the poverty and lowly status of Hall, while playing down the sentence he received and ignoring his deception of his second wife.This paper traces the evolution of the account over time, and identifies the timing of the various changes that were made. It illustrates how history is used – by politicians, reformers, and scholars – to support both a particular view of the past and to bolster claims as to how the law should change for the future.
Some generic properties of Schrödinger operators with radial potentials
Authors: Poláčik Peter , Valdebenito Darío A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe consider a class of Schrödinger operators on ${\open R}^N$ with radial potentials. Viewing them as self-adjoint operators on the space of radially symmetric functions in $L^2({\open R}^N)$, we show that the following properties are generic with respect to the potential:
(P1)the eigenvalues below the essential spectrum are nonresonant (i.e., rationally independent) and so are the square roots of the moduli of these eigenvalues;(P2)the eigenfunctions corresponding to the eigenvalues below the essential spectrum are algebraically independent on any nonempty open set.
The genericity means that in suitable topologies the potentials having the above properties form a residual set. As we explain, (P1), (P2) are prerequisites for some applications of KAM-type results to nonlinear elliptic equations. Similar properties also play a role in optimal control and other problems in linear and nonlinear partial differential equations.
Prime divisors of orders of products
Authors: Moretó Alexander , Sáez Azahara 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBaumslag and Wiegold have recently proven that a finite groupGis nilpotent if and only ifo(xy) = o(x)o(y) for everyx,y ∈ Gwith (o(x),o(y)) = 1. Motivated by this surprisingly new result, we have obtained related results that just consider sets of prime divisors of element orders. For instance, the first of our main results asserts thatGis nilpotent if and only if π(o(xy)) = π(o(x)o(y)) for everyx,y ∈ Gof prime power order with (o(x),o(y)) = 1. As an immediate consequence, we recover the Baumslag–Wiegold Theorem. While this result is still elementary, we also obtain local versions that, for instance, characterize the existence of a normal Sylowp-subgroup in terms of sets of prime divisors of element orders. These results are deeper and our proofs rely on results that depend on the classification of finite simple groups.
Development of a new high-current triode extraction system for helicon ion source: design and simulation
Authors: Khoshhal M. , Habibi M. , Boswell Rod W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThree triode extraction systems are simulated by IBSimu ion optical code for Amirkabir Helicon Ion Source (AHIS). The optimized pierce and suggested parabolic electrodes are introduced for the first time in this paper. The obtained N+beam for parabolic geometry designed for ion implantation has 66 keV energy, and 10.4 mA current. Ion beam emittance and Twiss parameters of the emittance ellipse as the function ofxterm index are calculated for parabolic electrode equation. The simulated triode extraction systems have been evaluated by using of optimized parameters such as the extraction voltage, gap distance, plasma electrode (PE) aperture, and ion temperature. The extraction voltage, gap distance, PE aperture, and ion temperature have been changed in the range of 58–70 kV, 35–39 mm, 4–6 mm, and 0.5–4.4 eV in the simulations, respectively.
THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH DEFINITE NOUN PHRASES BY MANDARIN CHINESE SPEAKERS
Authors: Feng Shuo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBy replicating Cho (2017), this article investigates how second language (L2) learners with an article-less first language acquire two types of English definiteness, anaphoric and nonanaphoric. Mandarin Chinese, as an article-less language, has a demonstrative determiner that shares the same feature set as the English definite article the: [+definite, +/-anaphoric]. In the current study, the participants were 28 advanced and 25 intermediate L1-Chinese L2-English learners and the native control data were from Cho. The results from an acceptability judgment task revealed that intermediate Chinese speakers, unlike advanced speakers, had difficulties in the nonanaphoric definite condition where, without a potential antecedent, definiteness is established through pragmatic knowledge and acquisition of nonanaphoric definiteness essentially takes place at the semantics-pragmatics interface. The findings of this article suggest that accommodating presuppositions at the semantics-pragmatics interface is challenging to L2 learners, even when feature reassembly is not required.
New tools for crop wild relative conservation planning
Authors: Magos Brehm J. , Kell S. , Thormann I. , Gaisberger H. , Dulloo M. E. , Maxted N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are a vital source of traits for crop improvement – therefore, conserving CWR diversity is critical to ensure food, nutrition and economic security. Efficient CWR conservation planning is a critical first step to maintain this natural resource for future use. The development of National Strategic Action Plans (NSAPs) for the conservation and sustainable use of CWR is an effective means of conservation planning and also plays an important role in sensitizing policy makers and other stakeholders to the importance of CWR. Tools to guide and facilitate countries in CWR national conservation planning and NSAP development have been prepared, namely: an ‘Interactive Toolkit for CWR Conservation Planning’, a ‘Template for the Preparation of a NSAP for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of CWR’, a ‘Template for the Preparation of a Technical Background Document for a NSAP for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of CWR’, a ‘CWR Checklist and Inventory Data Template’ and an ‘Occurrence Data Collation Template’. In this short communication, we briefly explain what these tools are, how they were developed, how they can be used and where they can be found.