bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequent chloroplast capture among Isodon (Lamiaceae) species in Japan revealed by phylogenies based on variation in chloroplast and nuclear DNA
Authors: Ogishima Miho , Horie Sachikio , Kimura Takuma , Yamashiro Tadashi , Dohzono Ikumi , Kawaguchi Lina , Nagano Atsushi J. , Maki Masayuki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA recent phylogenetic study based only on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation revealed that populations of an Isodon species are frequently embedded paraphyletically among other Isodon species. This phylogenetic discrepancy between species taxonomy and molecular phylogeny was considered to have resulted from chloroplast DNA captures and/or incomplete lineage sorting. To elucidate which of these factors was mainly responsible for the observed phylogenetic pattern, we performed phylogenetic analyses of multiple populations of Isodon species in Japan using cpDNA variation, three single‐copy nuclear genes, and double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐seq). Although a species often shared chlorotypes with other species, our phylogenetical analyses based on variation in the three single‐copy nuclear genes and the ddRAD‐seq data showed that most populations belonging to the same species were monophyletic at the species level, suggesting that chloroplast capture may have frequently occurred between Isodon species. Some populations of an intraspecific taxon were embedded paraphyletically within the species, regardless of the large amount of phylogenetic information in nuclear DNA; this incongruity may have resulted from incomplete lineage sorting.
The Maastrichtian‐Danian in the SW Zagros Fold‐Thrust Belt (S. Iran): An Integration of Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy and Gamma‐Ray Spectrometry
Authors: MOGHADDASI Abdolreza , VAZIRI‐MOGHADDAM Hossein , SEYRAFIAN Ali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, the Maastrichtian‐Danian boundary was measured and sampled in two stratigraphic sections, the north and south flanks of the Dehnow anticline in Coastal Fars, Southern Iran. This boundary was also investigated in the drilled exploratory well‐1 in the same region. The lithology of the Maastrichtian‐Danian deposits consists of glauconitic, phosphatic argillaceous limestones and marlstones. 30 genera and 77 species of planktonic foraminifera have been determined. The recognized biozones are theGansserina gansseriInterval Zone, and theContusotruncana contusaInterval Zone, which indicates latest Campanian to middle Maastrichtian age for the upper part of the Gurpi Formation. In addition, theEoglobigerina edita(P1) Partial Range Zone,Praemurica uncinata(P2) Lowest Occurrence Zone,Morozovella angulata(P3) Lowest Occurrence Zone andGlobanomalina psudomenardii(P4) Taxon Range Zone represent a Danian to Thanetian age for the lower part of the Pabdeh Formation. From the absence of theAbathomphalus mayaroensisInterval Zone,Pseudoguembelina hariaensisInterval Zone,Pseudotextularia elegansInterval Zone,Plummerita hantkeninoidesInterval Zone,Guembelitria cretacea(P0) Partial Range Zone andParvularugoglobigerina eugubina(Pα) Total Range Zone, it can be deduced that there is a paraconformity across the Maastrichtian–Danian boundary in the studied area, this hiatus encompassing the late Maastrichtian and the earliest Danian. Danian deposits from the study area contain reworked glauconitized macrofossils, planktonic and benthic foraminifera of the Cretaceous. The obtained surface gamma‐ray spectrometry logs resemble the exploratory well‐1 gamma‐ray wireline log.
Cyclic Characteristics of the Physical Properties of Key Strata in CBM Systems Controlled by Sequence Stratigraphy—An Example from the Gujiao Block
Authors: WANG Gang , QIN Yong , XIE Yiwei , WANG Ziwei , WANG Boyang , WANG Qi , ZHANG Xiaoyang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultiple coal seams and interbedded rock assemblages formed in vertical progression due to the influence of multiple stages of sea level transgressions. Based on mercury injection experiment, low temperature liquid nitrogen experiment, porosity and permeability experiment and breakthrough pressure experiment, the vertical variation characteristics of coal‐bearing strata in Gujiao block are explained in detail. The results of the mercury injection and low temperature liquid nitrogen experiments show that the pore structure characteristics fluctuate with increasing depth in the strata, with fewer micropores followed by transition pores. The BET specific surface area and average pore diameter of the Shanxi Formation are generally larger than those of the Taiyuan Formation. Due to the continuous cyclic sequence stratigraphy changes, the porosity, permeability, breakthrough pressure and breakthrough time of the samples show a certain cyclicity. Within the same sequence, the porosity is larger, and the permeability is smaller near the maximum flooding surface. Although the permeability of the sandstone samples is higher, the porosity is lower, and the breakthrough pressure and breakthrough times are greater. The strata in the study area formed in an oxidized environment that was affected by freshwater, and the pore structure of different lithologies is quite different. After the formation of sandstone, the intergranular pores generally underwent filling with secondary quartz, clay minerals and organic matter, resulting in low porosity and permeability.
The Sensitive Properties of Hydrate Reservoirs Based on Seismic Stereoscopic Detection Technology
Authors: LIU Xueqin , XING Lei , QIN Zhiliang , LIU Huaishan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigher‐precision determinations of hydrate reservoirs, hydrate saturation levels and storage estimations are important for guaranteeing the ability to continuously research, develop and utilize natural gas hydrate resources in China. With seismic stereoscopic detection technology, which fully combines the advantages of different seismic detection models, hydrate formation layers can be observed with multiangle, wide‐azimuth, wide‐band data with a high precision. This technique provides more reliable data for analyzing the distribution characteristics of gas hydrate reservoirs, establishing velocity models, and studying the hydrate‐sensitive properties of petrophysical parameters; these data are of great significance for the exploration and development of natural gas hydrate resources. Based on a velocity model obtained from the analysis of horizontal streamer velocity data in the hydrate‐bearing area of the Shenhu Sea, this paper uses three VCs (longitudinal spacing of 25 m) and four OBSs (transverse spacing of 200 m) to jointly detect seismic datasets consisting of wave points based on an inversion of traveltime imaging sections. Accordingly, by comparing the differences between the seismic phases in the original data and the forward‐modeled seismic phases, multiangle coverage constraint corrections are applied to the initial velocity model, and the initial model is further optimized, thereby improving the imaging quality of the streamer data. Petrophysical elastic parameters are the physical parameters that are most directly and closely related to rock formations and reservoir physical properties. Based on the optimized velocity model, the rock elastic hydrate‐sensitive parameters of the hydrate reservoirs in the study area are inverted, and the sensitivities of the petrophysical parameters to natural gas hydrates are investigated. According to an analysis of the inversion results obtained from these sensitive parameters, λρ, Vp and λμ are simultaneously controlled by the bulk modulus and shear modulus, while Vs and μρ are controlled only by the shear modulus, and the latter two parameters are less sensitive to hydrate‐bearing layers. The bulk modulus is speculated to be more sensitive than the shear modulus to hydrates. In other words, estimating the specific gravity of the shear modulus among the combined parameters can affect the results from the combined elastic parameters regarding hydrate reservoirs.
Venture capital certification of small and medium‐sized enterprises towards banks: evidence from China
Authors: Wu Long , Xu Lei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThrough a proprietary dataset of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) on China's National Equities Exchange and Quotations (NEEQ), we examine the impact of venture capital (VC) backup on access to bank loans by SMEs. We find that VC backup can help SMEs obtain more bank loans under better conditions and significantly relieve their financing constraint. This is especially meaningful for private SMEs, those in high‐tech, in regions of less‐developed banking industry, or with lower quality accounting information. This study may have policy implications as a pilot ‘combined debt‐equity financing’ discussion in the context of the largest bank‐based economy.
Understanding participation in accounting standard‐setting: the case of AASB ED 192 Revised Differential Reporting Framework
Authors: Handley Karen , Evans Elaine , Wright Sue 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the motives of participants in the standard‐setting process, based on the premise that standard‐setters strive for standards that are useful for decision‐making by a wide range of financial statement users. Our setting is the development of a contentious but contained Australian accounting standard, Reduced Disclosure Requirements. A consultative process initiated by the Australian Accounting Standards Board to create a specific Australian accounting standard for differential reporting provided an opportunity for interested parties to participate. We analyse the motives of participants through semi‐structured interviews with members of the Australian Accounting Standards Board and comment letter writers who responded to the relevant exposure draft. Our findings identify participants’ economic and political motivations and question the ability of the current standard‐setting process to extract decision‐making requirements from a wide range of users of financial statements and to reflect these in financial reporting standards. We find that the perspectives gathered are homogenised and that the process privileges the voices of powerful elites.
Getting ahead of the oral health game: it starts before we're born?
Authors: Silva MJ , Riggs E , Kilpatrick NM 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting individuals of all ages. Caries in the primary dentition is one of the main risk factors for caries in the permanent dentition. Preventing the development of the first carious lesion is fundamental not only to long term health and wellbeing but to reducing the burden of this disease on individuals, families and the community. Described as the developmental origins of health and disease, events from the prenatal period are increasingly recognised as having a significant impact on later health outcomes. While social and behavioural factors from this period have long been linked with oral health, emerging evidence of the influence of epigenetics and early life programming of microbiome and host response suggests that the prenatal period provides a timely opportunity for preventive interventions. Pregnancy is an ideal time to focus on health promoting activities as most women have regular interaction with health care professionals who can target risk factors before the onset of disease. This paper summarizes contemporary understanding of the role of pre‐ and perinatal factors on child oral health and describes how this evidence might be used by all health professionals to ensure infants start life ahead in the oral health game.
Restorative treatment of primary teeth: an evidence‐based narrative review
Authors: Finucane D 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVarious methods, with a variety of materials, exist for restoring carious primary teeth. Successful restoration of primary teeth is dependent on accurate diagnosis, knowledge of the caries process, knowledge of dental materials, and treatment choice. The purpose of this evidence‐based review is to present evidence that will help clinicians to make an appropriate diagnosis, from which the optimum treatment plan can be made; to explore the literature regarding restoration of carious primary teeth; and to try and draw conclusions as to which materials and methods can be recommended. This review will primarily deal with the restoration of carious cavities in primary molars. A short discussion on restoration of primary incisors is included, with presentation of what limited evidence there is relating to this.
Dyadic associations reveal clan size and social network structure in the fission–fusion society of spotted hyaenas
Authors: Stratford Ken , Stratford Sabina , Périquet Stéphanie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEstimating the size and dynamics of populations is of paramount importance in ecology. In species with uniquely marked individuals, capture–recapture methods can be used to establish population size and to explore associations between individuals. However, very few studies have used cameras traps to focus on group composition in social carnivores, despite being of particular interest in species characterised by “fission–fusion” formation of sub‐groups. Here, we provide estimates of (a) population size, (b) density, (c) clan size, (d) association patterns and (e) social network structure in spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) based on images from camera traps deployed at waterholes on Ongava Game Reserve (northern Namibia). In a 15 week study period, we identified 32 individuals. Dyadic associations and the resulting social network showed that all but two hyaenas associated directly or indirectly with each other, indicating the presence of one clan of at least 30 individuals, resulting in a density of 8.1 hyaenas/100 km2. We found a very high variability in the tendency of individuals to associate with others. This study confirms a highly dynamic fission–fusion society in spotted hyaenas. We argue that camera traps can provide relevant insights into large carnivore social network structure where associations between individuals are difficult to observe directly.
Net energy content of five fiber‐rich ingredients fed to pregnant sows
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Chen Yifan , Ding Jian , Liu Hu , Lyu Zhiqian , Dong Wenxuan , Wang Zijie , Zhang Shuai , Wang Fenglai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the net energy (NE) values and energy efficiency of wheat bran (WB), sugar beet pulp (SBP), corn gluten feed (CGF), soybean hulls (SBH), and defatted rice bran (DFRB) fed to pregnant sows. Thirty‐six multiparous pregnant sows were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment. Each period lasted for 21 days including 14 days for adaptation. On day 15, sows were moved into respiration chambers for heat production (HP) measurement and provided feed at 544 kJ/kg BW0.75/day. On day 20, sows were fasted to measure the fasting heat production (FHP). Experimental diets included corn‐soybean meal basal diet and five diets containing 29.20% WB, SBP, CGF, SBH, and DFRB, respectively. Results showed that inclusion of WB, SBP, CGF, SBH, and DFRB to basal diet decreased (p < 0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients. The average adjusted total HP and FHP were 418 kJ/kg BW0.75/day and 326 kJ/kg BW0.75/day, respectively. The average NE:ME ratio of experiment diets was 82.5%. In conclusion, the NE values of WB, SBP, CGF, SBH, and DFRB were 9.05, 8.59, 8.37, 7.64, and 7.93 MJ/kg DM, respectively.
Student satisfaction with learning management systems: A growth model of belief and use
Authors: Yuen Allan H. K. , Cheng Miaoting , Chan Fred H. F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLearning management systems (LMSs) have been launched in universities and other schools. However, because the use of such technology in schools is relatively new in the blended context, it is essential to understand whether students will accept and continue to use it. In this study, longitudinal latent growth modelling was used to examine the relationship between changes to LMS use and belief, and satisfaction with LMS among 1179 students, mostly between 12 and 13 years old, from 25 Hong Kong schools. Both LMS use and belief had positive linear growth over time. We observed individual differences in the students’ initial level of belief and the rate at which their belief changed. In addition, individual differences in the students’ initial level of LMS use were observed. However, there were no individual differences in their rate of change for LMS use. The initial level of belief and increased LMS use were directly associated with system and learning satisfaction with LMS. Changes to LMS use mediated the relationship between changes to beliefs and system and learning satisfaction with LMS.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Extensive studies of technology acceptance have been conducted taking a cross‐sectional approach.
Previous technology acceptance studies are focused on users in organisations or students in higher education.
Technology acceptance studies explored users’ continuance technology use as the extension of initial acceptance, and a set of determinants have been established to predict and explain users’ acceptance and continued use of technologies, and user satisfaction.
What this paper adds

A growth model of belief and use to explore the dynamic changes of LMS belief and use and how they impact on satisfaction was proposed.
The model was tested by a three‐wave longitudinal survey data set, which is a random sample that covered diverse academic ability levels of junior secondary students from 25 schools in Hong Kong.
This study would make a significant contribution towards a better understanding about students’ acceptance and continuance of LMS and e‐learning technology.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Facilitating students to form positive LMS/e‐learning beliefs is critical to ensure satisfaction and the continuance use of LMS/e‐learning technologies.
It is important for teachers and system designers to put more effort towards supporting students’ belief in perceived ease of use, so that they would find LMS easy to use.
Teachers should endeavour to create positive LMS use experiences and encourage more frequent use of the LMS for different learning tasks.
α7 nicotinic ACh receptors are necessary for memory recovery and neuroprotection promoted by attention training in amyloid‐β‐infused mice
Authors: Telles‐Longui Milena , Mourelle Danilo , Schöwe Natalia Mendes , Cipolli Gabriela Cabett , Malerba Helena Nascimento , Buck Hudson Sousa , Viel Tania Araujo 
Published: May 2019

Background and PurposeAttention training reverses the neurodegeneration and memory loss promoted by infusion of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide in rats and increases the density of α7 nicotinic ACh receptors (α7nAChRs) in brain areas related to memory. Hence, we aimed to assess the role of α7nAChRs in the memory recovery promoted by attention training.Experimental ApproachC57Bl/6 mice were chronically infused with Aβ, Aβ plus the α7 antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA), or MLA alone. Control animals were infused with vehicle. Animals were subjected weekly to the active avoidance shuttle box for 4 weeks (attention training). The brain and serum were collected for biochemical and histological analysis.Key ResultsAβ caused cognitive impairment, which was reversed by the weekly training, whereas Aβ + MLA also promoted memory loss but with no reversal with weekly training. MLA alone also promoted memory loss but with only partial reversal with the training. Animals infused with Aβ alone showed senile plaques in hippocampus, no change in BDNF levels in cortex, hippocampus, and serum, but increased AChE activity in cortex and hippocampus. Co‐treatment with MLA increased AChE activity and senile plaque deposition in hippocampus as well as reducing BDNF in hippocampus and serum, suggesting a lack of α7nAChR function leads to a loss of neuroprotection mechanisms.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe α7nAChR has a determinant role in memory recovery and brain resilience in the presence of neurodegeneration promoted by Aβ peptide. These data support further studies concerning these receptors as pharmacological targets for future therapies.
Children's and Adolescents’ Evaluations of Intergroup Exclusion in Interracial and Interwealth Peer Contexts
Authors: Burkholder Amanda R. , Elenbaas Laura , Killen Melanie 
Published: May 2019

Children and adolescents (N = 153, ages 8–14 years, Mage = 11.46 years) predicted and evaluated peer exclusion in interwealth (high‐wealth and low‐wealth) and interracial (African American and European American) contexts. With age, participants increasingly expected high‐wealth groups to be more exclusive than low‐wealth groups, regardless of their depicted race. Furthermore, children evaluated interwealth exclusion less negatively than interracial exclusion, and children who identified as higher in wealth evaluated interwealth exclusion less negatively than did children who identified as lower in wealth. Children cited explicit negative stereotypes about high‐wealth groups in their justifications, while rarely citing stereotypes about low‐wealth groups or racial groups. Results revealed that both race and wealth are important factors that children consider when evaluating peer exclusion.
Response of passerine birds and chicks to larvae and pupae of ladybirds
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Veselý Petr , Nedvěd Oldřich 
Published: May 2019

1. Few, if any, experimental tests have demonstrated the anti‐predator protection of the developmental stages of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) against vertebrates, despite the fact that both the visual appearance of ladybirds and the content of defensive compounds fulfil the definition of an aposematic prey.2. In this study, avian predators of three species were confronted with fourth‐instar larvae and pupae of the harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) – a large, conspicuous, and toxic ladybird species.3. The selected predators differed in their individual experience and attitude to ladybirds. Wild‐caught great tits (Parus major) strongly avoided attacking ladybirds in general, whereas wild‐caught tree sparrows (Passer montanus) were willing to include ladybirds in their diet. Domestic chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) have never been confronted with ladybirds but usually show avoidance of aposematic signals. In this study, great tits and domestic chicks avoided both developmental stages, but in the case of chicks the avoidance had to be learned over the course of repeated encounters. Sparrow avoidance was significantly lower, with more than one‐third of the prey being attacked and eaten.4. The protection of both developmental stages of ladybirds is similar to adults, despite substantially different visual appearance.