bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Course of the Femoral Artery in the Mid- and Distal Thigh and Implications for Medial Approaches to the Distal Femur: A CT Angiography Study
Authors: Maslow Jed I. , Collinge Cory A. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:
Unfamiliarity with the location of the femoral artery in the medial thigh has tempered surgeons' enthusiasm for medial approaches to the distal femur. The purpose of this study was to define the relationship of the femoral artery to the mid- and distal femur to assist in safely approaching the femur for fracture care.

Methods:
Fifteen patients undergoing CT with angiography (CTA) of the lower extremity (CTA) were evaluated. From three-dimensional CTA images, the distance of the artery at the anterior border, midsagittal line, and posterior border of the femur from the distal femur at both the adductor tubercle and medial femoral condyle was measured.

Results:
The average distances of the adductor tubercle to the femoral artery were 23.2 cm (±3.3), 18.8 cm (±3.4), and 14.3 cm (±4.1) at the level of the anterior border, midsagittal line, and posterior border of the femur, respectively. The descending genicular artery (DGA) originated 10.8 cm (±1.3) proximal to the adductor tubercle.

Discussion:
A wide safe zone exists in the medial distal femur. The artery crosses the midsagittal axis of the medial femur an average of 18.8 cm proximal to the adductor tubercle.
Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy
Authors: Soles Brian S. , Wilson Allecia , Lucas David R. , Heider Amer 
Published: November 2018

Context.—
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy, albeit rare and generally regarded as benign, is an important tumor to recognize because of its rapid growth, potential for local recurrence, and small round blue cell morphology, which can lead to misdiagnosis of a malignant neoplasm.

Objective.—
To review its clinical presentation and immunomorphologic findings, and discuss common entities in the differential diagnosis.

Data Sources.—
The study involved PubMed searches, including multiple review articles, case studies, retrospective studies, selected book chapters, and University of Michigan cases.

Conclusions.—
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy most commonly occurs in the bones of the head and neck region during the first year of life, but it can also present in other locations, including the central nervous system, testes, ovaries, and subcutaneous soft tissues. Histologically, it is composed of a biphasic population of cells, consisting of epithelioid melanin-producing cells and primitive neurogenic cells in a fibrocollagenous stroma. These microscopic findings, especially in small biopsies, can lead to a broad differential diagnosis that includes malignant small round blue cell tumors and malignant melanoma. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy commonly has an infiltrative growth pattern, and anatomic constraints often lead to incomplete resection and local recurrence, requiring multiple surgical operations. Because melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy can mimic a more aggressive and aggressively treated malignancy, recognition of this rare tumor is very crucial for pathologists.
BIODEGRADATION OF SOLUTIONS FOR CHEMICAL NICKELATION
Authors: Mukhametova Gulnaz M. , Vinokurov Eugeny G. , Babusenko Elena S. , Skopintsev Vladimir D. 
Published: November 2018

In this article, we examined the susceptibility of biodegradation of nickel-containing processing solutions and selected fungicidal products which meet the requirements. Technological solutions are characterized by such a priority parameter as the high deposition rate of the nickel coating were subject to biofouling by mycelial fungi, despite the presence of heavy metal ions in solutions. It is established that the development of mycelial fungi in solutions leads to their decomposition and deterioration of technological characteristics. The purpose of the study was to select the fungicide and its corresponding concentrations, which do not adversely affect the process rate and the quality of the coating. The following tasks were posed: investigation of the stability of various solutions for nickel plating to the action of microorganisms; identification of taxonomic affiliation of microorganisms that populate solutions; selection of fungicide, meeting the requirements for neutrality to the components of the solution, as there is no effect on the rate of the process. Based on the results of the experiment, the influence of microorganisms on the technological characteristics of solutions was determined. After the appearance and development of the colonies of mycelial fungi in time solutions, the pH changed to an alkaline region, the deposition rate of the Ni-P coating dropped. Copper sulfate, sodium tetraborate, lactic acid, chloroform was used as inhibitors. The use of copper sulfate fungicide in concentrations of 0.002-0.005 mol/l led to the inhibition of growth of the fungal colonies, but insignificant. Fungicide sodium tetraborate at a concentration of 0.03 mol/l had a noticeable inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi, and also had a positive effect on the rate of the process, which meets all the requirements for this compound.
For citation:
Mukhametova G.M., Vinokurov E.G., Babusenko E.S., Skopintsev V.D. Biodegradation of solutions for chemical nickelation. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 89-97
ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS OF POLYMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES IN AIR INVIRONMENT
Authors: Romanovsky Valentin I. , Hort Alexander A. , Podbolotov Kirill B. , Sdobnyakov Nikolay Yu. , Myasnichenko Vladimir S. , Sokolov Denis N. 
Published: November 2018

In this work, we studied possibility to obtain bimetallic nanopowders by our modified solution combustion synthesis method using citric acid as a fuel. Stoichiometric amounts of metal nitrates with metal to metal ratios 1:1 and 1:2 and fuels with final oxidizer to fuel ratio of 1.75 were used as initial components to prepare aqueous solutions. The almost complete absence of metal oxide phases was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction analysis of obtained materials showed that all samples are pure bimetallic nanopowders with distorted cubic crystal structure of each metal. According to high resolution transmission electron microscopy the mean diameter of metallic particles are about 10 nm for all nanopowders. The calculated interplanar distances of crystals of metal particles as well as detailed scanning transmission electron microscopy studying showed uniform distribution of different metal spices into nanoparticles. Thus, we can conclude the nanopowders are bimetallic particles with co-integrated crystal structures of different metalic spices. We suppose, the possibility of solution combustion synthesis of bimetallic nanopowder in the air environment is due to a combination of type and amount of the fuels as well as technological conditions of the synthesis. These lead to rapid combustion process at low temperature. In addition, protective inert atmosphere appears above freshly synthesized metal nanopowders during thermal decompositions of the fuels that eventually prevent metal oxidation. Modified SCS method could be successfully used for one-step synthesis of complex oxide-oxide and metal-oxide core-shell nanostructures.
For citation:
Romanovskii V.I., Khort A.A., Podbolotov K.B., Sdobnyakov N.Y., Myasnichenko V.S., Sokolov D.N. One-step synthesis of polymetallic nanoparticles in air invironment. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 42-47
INFLUENCE OF PREPARING NANOSCALE SUSPENSIONS METHOD ON ITS PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND CATALYTIC PROPERTIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS
Authors: Kulikova Mayya V. , Dement’eva Oksana S. , Chudakova Maria V. , Ivantsov Mikhail I. 
Published: November 2018

Methods for the formation of stable iron-containing suspensions that exhibit activity in the conversion of synthesis gas to C5+ hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch method are proposed. By XRD and DLS methods it was determined that the formation of the Fe2O3 phase with a bimodal particle size distribution of 50 and 295 nm results in the formation of a suspension by the drop thermolysis method − the gradual introduction of the active metal precursor solution into the dispersion medium (mixture of hydrocarbons C19H40-C32H66). Pulsed introduction of the active metal precursor solution (flash-pyrolysis) into the reactor zone leads to the formation of the Fe3O4 phase with a particle size of 91 and 460 nm. By TEM and AFM methods it was established that, regardless of the slurry forming method, large active phase particles are agglomerates of a finer fraction of particles with an average size of 42 nm. The obtained suspensions demonstrated high activity in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis under the slurry-reactor conditions, however, the degree of CO conversion is slightly higher in the case of the catalytic suspension prepared by the drop thermolysis method. It is shown that the method of forming the suspension significantly affects the fractional composition of the resulting reaction products. In the presence of a suspension obtained by drop thermolysis, the yield of liquid hydrocarbons reaches 130 g/m3, while a high content of C19+ hydrocarbons is observed. The system formed by the method of flash-pyrolysis makes it possible to obtain mainly the gasoline (C5-C10) and diesel (C11-C18) hydrocarbon fractions. It should be noted that the products of the reaction have a high content of unsaturated hydrocarbons, which reaches 55%. Thus, the composition of the final products of FTS can be controlled by the choice of the catalytic suspension prepared method.
For citation:
Kulikova M.V., Dement’eva O.S., Chudakova M.V., Ivantsov M.I. Influence of preparing nanoscale suspensions method on its physico-chemical and catalytic properties under the conditions of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 70-75
DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL APPROBATION OF TECHNOLOGIES OF COBALT CATALYSTS FOR SYNTHESIS OF LONG CHAIN HYDROCARBONS FROM SYNTHESIS GAS
Authors: Savostyanov Alexander P. , Yakovenko Roman E. , Narochny Grigory B. , Bakun Vera G. , Merkin Alexander A. 
Published: November 2018

The compositions, methods of preparation and specific technological parameters of the production processes of cobalt catalysts for the synthesis of long chain hydrocarbons from synthesis gas were justified. To obtain C35+ selective catalysts by coprecipitation of active components, the carrier must provide a polydisperse distribution of the pore volume along the radii. This is achieved by hydrothermal treatment of the aluminosilicate carrier. To increase the strength of catalysts, it is possible to incorporate natural bentonites and diatomite of Roctov region deposits into the composition of coprecipitated catalysts. Effective catalytic systems are impregnated catalysts on Al2O3 and SiO2 supports with aluminum oxide promotion. The insertion of 5% - Al2O3 of cobalt metal mass allows to form crystallites of Co-CoO system with a size of 8 nm on the SiO2 surface, which provides high activity and selectivity for ceresin. Aluminum oxide is stabilized with Co3O4 in a structure with a high degree of ordering, without hindering its reduction, with the formation of cobalt predominantly with the crystalline structure of hexagonal close packing. Catalyst technologies are implemented in industry. The catalysts underwent continuous continuous testing (1000 h) in laboratory and industrial conditions, showed high stability of operation. During the entire operation, the yield of C5+ hydrocarbons was 159-171 g/Nm3 based on the processed synthesis gas. The long-chain hydrocarbons C35+ (ceresin) obtained are of high quality: the dropping point was 114-116 °C (37-40% ceresin content). Operation during the year of two industrial reactors at the Novocherkassk plant of synthetic products with a total volume of catalyst loading of 18 m3 confirmed the results of laboratory tests.
For citation:
Savostyanov A.P., Yakovenko R.E., Narochny G.B., Bakun V.G., Merkin A.A. Development and industrial approbation of technologies of cobalt catalysts for synthesis of long chain hydrocarbons from synthesis gas. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 53-58
Experimental Study for Optimizing Pedestrian Flows at Bottlenecks of Subway Stations
Authors: Luo Wei , Sun Lishan , Yao Liya , Gong Qingsheng , Rong Jian 
Published: November 2018

In subway stations, bottlenecks are the narrowed areas that reduce pedestrian flows in channels. Because pedestrians at bottlenecks are forced to dense together, bottlenecks decrease flow efficiency and pedestrians’ transfer comfort and may trigger serious crowd disasters such as trampling. This study used pedestrian experiments to investigate the methods of optimizing pedestrian traffic at bottlenecks of subway stations. Three optimization measures were proposed and evaluated by analyzing the characteristics of pedestrian flows, including efficiency, smoothness, and security. In this paper, setting the rear sides of the bottleneck entrance as straight and surface funnel shapes is called straight funnel shape and surface funnel shape, respectively. Setting a column at a bottleneck is called the column obstacle. The results showed that when efficiency or security come first, a column on the left is recommended; when comfort comes first, a concave funnel is recommended; when comprehensiveness is prioritized, a column on the left is recommended. Moreover, the larger the volume, the optimization is more obvious. Although many bottlenecks cannot be prevented when subway stations are constructed, the proposed optimization measures may help ease their adverse effects by improving facility efficiency, smoothness, and security, and by providing recommendations for designing and managing subway stations.
Learning spinal manipulation: Gender and expertise differences in biomechanical parameters, accuracy, and variability*
Authors: Pasquier Mégane , Barbier-Cazorla Florian , Audo Yannick , Descarreaux Martin , Lardon Arnaud 
Published: November 2018

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences and expertise effects on biomechanical parameters as well as force accuracy and variability for students learning spinal manipulation.

Methods:
A total of 137 fourth- and fifth-year students were recruited for the study. Biomechanical parameters (preload, time to peak force, peak force, rate of force), as well as accuracy and variability of thoracic spine manipulation performance, were evaluated during 5 consecutive trials using a force-sensing table and a target force of 450 N. Gender, expertise differences on biomechanical parameters, as well as constant, variable, and absolute error were assessed using 2-way analysis of variance.

Results:
Analyses showed significant gender differences for several biomechanical parameters, as well as significant gender differences in accuracy and variability. Although women showed lower time to peak force and rate of force values, they were more precise and showed less variability than men when performing thoracic spine manipulations. Students with clinical expertise (fifth-year students) used less force and were more precise.

Conclusion:
Our results showed that gender differences in spinal manipulation performance exist and that these differences seem to be mainly explained by alternative motor strategies. To develop gender-specific teaching methods, future studies should explore why men and women approach spinal manipulation tasks differently.
Monte Carlo and analytic modeling of an Elekta Infinity linac with Agility MLC: Investigating the significance of accurate model parameters for small radiation fields
Authors: Gholampourkashi Sara , Cygler Joanna E. , Belec Jason , Vujicic Miro , Heath Emily 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeTo explain the deviation observed between measured and Monaco calculated dose profiles for a small field (i.e., alternating open‐closed MLC pattern). A Monte Carlo (MC) model of an Elekta Infinity linac with Agility MLC was created and validated against measurements. In addition, an analytic model which predicts the fluence at the isocenter plane was used to study the impact of multiple beam parameters on the accuracy of dose calculations for small fields.MethodsA detailed MC model of a 6 MV Elekta Infinity linac with Agility MLC was created in EGSnrc/BEAMnrc and validated against measurements. An analytic model using primary and secondary virtual photon sources was created and benchmarked against the MC simulations and the impact of multiple beam parameters on the accuracy of the model for a small field was investigated. Both models were used to explain discrepancies observed between measured/EGSnrc simulated and Monaco calculated dose profiles for alternating open‐closed MLC leaves.ResultsMC‐simulated dose profiles (PDDs, cross‐ and in‐line profiles, etc.) were found to be in very good agreements with measurements. The best fit for the leaf bank rotation was found to be 9 mrad to model the defocusing of Agility MLC. Moreover, a very good agreement was observed between results from the analytic model and MC simulations for a small field. Modifying the radial size of the incident electron beam in the BEAMnrc model improved the agreement between Monaco and EGSnrc calculated dose profiles by approximately 16% and 30% in the position of maxima and minima, respectively.ConclusionAccurate modeling of the full‐width‐half‐maximum (FWHM) of the primary photon source as well as the MLC leaf design (leaf bank rotation, etc.) is essential for accurate calculations of dose delivered by small radiation fields when using virtual source or MC models of the beam.
Efficient Inhibition of Wear‐Debris‐Induced Osteolysis by Surface Biomimetic Engineering of Titanium Implant with a Mussel‐Derived Integrin‐Targeting Peptide
Authors: Guo Xiaobin , Liu Yu , Bai Jiaxiang , Yu Binqing , Xu Menglei , Sun Houyi , Shen Jining , Lin Jiayi , Zhang Hongbo , Wang Dongqing , Geng Dechun , Pan Guoqing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWear‐debris‐induced osteolysis and subsequent aseptic loosening of the prosthesis are the main reasons for failed arthroplasty. Inhibition of wear‐debris‐induced osteoclastogenesis is thus a promising method to prolong the lifetime of prostheses. In this work, a mussel‐derived peptide, capped with an integrin‐targeting RGD tripeptide and a titanium (Ti)‐affinity tetrapeptide with catechol groups at each end is biomimetically designed. The RGD peptide can interfere with integrin αvβ3 to affect the cytoskeletal organization and functions of osteoclasts and subsequently inhibit osteoclast hyperactivation and osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo, while the catechol groups could easily adhere to the TiO2 layer of the Ti implant via Ti–catechol coordination. This design thus enables the stable immobilization of the RGD peptide on Ti implants to inhibit osteoclast formation and reduce osteolysis in vivo, even with the existence of Ti wear particles. Further study reveals that the suppression of osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast polarization on the peptide coating is regulated by blocking the PI3K/AKT and NF‐κB signal pathways. Considering the simplicity in the surface engineering, the highly biomimetic nature of the bioactive peptide, and efficient inhibition of wear‐debris‐caused osteolysis, this work thus presents a simple and efficient strategy to improve clinical outcome of prosthesis implantation in challenging conditions.
Electronic Tuning of Co, Ni‐Based Nanostructured (Hydr)oxides for Aqueous Electrocatalysis
Authors: Kuang Min , Han Peng , Huang Linsong , Cao Na , Qian Linping , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCo, Ni‐based (hydr)oxides with stoichiometric or nonstoichiometric composites are playing significant roles in renewable energy technologies, such as electrocatalytic reactions for transforming earth abundant resources into value‐added chemicals. In the past several years, attributed to the development of novel synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and theoretical calculations, the rational design and realization of a variety of Co, Ni‐based (hydr)oxides with exciting performances have been demonstrated. Particularly, the electrocatalytic reactivities of these Co, Ni‐based (hydr)oxides are highly dependent on their surface electronic structures, which can be well tuned by their nanostructures and compositions. This Review summarizes recent research advances in regulating electronic structures toward the optimization of electrochemical reactivity in aqueous solutions. These research works mainly focus on three important clean energy reactions: i) water oxidation, ii) oxygen reduction, and iii) carbon dioxide reduction, where the developments of advanced electrocatalysts can enable the production of value‐added chemicals or fuels. Furthermore, the electronic structure–property relationships behind the enhanced electrocatalytic properties of these Co, Ni‐based (hydr)oxides are also discussed.
Fabricating an Aqueous Symmetric Supercapacitor with a Stable High Working Voltage of 2 V by Using an Alkaline–Acidic Electrolyte
Authors: Li Chunyang , Wu Wenzhuo , Wang Peng , Zhou Weibin , Wang Jing , Chen Yuhui , Fu Lijun , Zhu Yusong , Wu Yuping , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAqueous symmetric carbon‐based supercapacitors (CSCs) are always the research focus for energy storage devices because of the virtue of low cost, inherent safety, and encouraging electrochemical stability. As is well‐known, so far most aqueous symmetric CSCs are subjected to low energy densities. Here, a symmetric supercapacitor comprising electrodes from biomass‐derived activated carbon and alkaline–acidic electrolyte is reported. This aqueous symmetric CSC demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance with high stable working voltage of 2 V and attractive cycling stability of no capacitance loss over 10 000 cycles. Impressively, it shows a remarkable energy density of 36.9 W h kg−1 at 248 W kg−1 based on the total mass of the active materials, which is much higher than traditional aqueous symmetric CSCs, and a power density of 4083 W kg−1 with an energy density of 8.8 W h kg−1. The use of stable alkaline–acidic electrolyte provides an innovative technique to enhance the energy density of aqueous supercapacitors.
Smeared d‐Wave Anisotropy in a Monolayer Organic Superconductor
Authors: Hassanien Abdou 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn epitaxially grown monolayer of organic superconductor, (BETS)2GaCl4, on Ag(111) forms islands of uniform and mixed stacking of 2D stripes. A d‐wave superconducting gap of magnitude 2Δ = 14 meV is ubiquitously measured even though orientation directions of the molecular chains are altered in the inhomogeneous islands. Mixing of intrastripes antinodal states is manifested by smeared anisotropy of the low energy quasiparticle as well as features of multigaps in their density of states. Despite proximal convolution, the pronounced coherence peaks indicate well preserved superconducting state. The interplay between structural parameters and electronic properties makes single layer (BETS)2GaCl4 a unique playground to test the effect of confinement and symmetry variation on the superconducting ground state.