bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A binomial N‐mixture model for estimating arrival and departure timing
Authors: Mizel Jeremy D. , Schmidt Joshua H. , Phillips Laura M. , Mcintyre Carol L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe timing of life cycle events has strong fitness consequences, suggesting that monitoring of arrival and departure timing may help understand spatial and population dynamics. Several existing models with inference to arrival and departure in unmarked populations are applicable to detection/non‐detection data which is a reduced information summary of the underlying population and phenological dynamics. These models also do not directly address the dependence of seasonal variation in availability (e.g. song rate) on arrival timing, often treating the seasonal distribution of availability as fixed across years despite allowing variation in arrival. Model development in an abundance framework has largely occurred in the context of stopover populations, rather than populations that exhibit some period of closure between arrival and departure phases.We developed an N‐mixture model that accommodates the dependence of seasonal availability on arrival timing, providing inference about abundance and both arrival and departure timing based on repeated count data. The model is applicable to populations in which there exists some period of closure between the arrival and departure phases. We developed two general formulations of the model, both of which include a model for the arrival process, but differ in the model for seasonal availability. The first formulation is applicable to cases in which seasonal availability is a function of cue production. The other is applicable to situations where seasonal availability is a function of departure of individuals or their transition to a state in which they remain unavailable for detection.We demonstrated through simulation that both versions provide unbiased and precise estimates of phenology and abundance and illustrated the cue production formulation using data collected in Denali National Park, Alaska for three passerine species.We expect that our inference framework will be broadly applicable in studies of unmarked populations where joint assessment of population, spatial and phenological dynamics is of interest.
Class Monopoly Rent and the Redevelopment of Portland's Pearl District
Authors: Anderson Matthew B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study examines the role of class monopoly rent in shaping the spatial form and pattern of urban redevelopment processes in the contemporary neoliberal city. Since an initial flourishing literature during the 1970s and 1980s, urban land rent theory has fallen from the analytic radar of critical urban studies since the early 1990s, with the influence of class monopoly rent often considered an aberration of how capitalist real estate markets normally operate, if not rejected. Consequently, class monopoly rent has never been systematically elaborated. Based on an empirical analysis of Portland's Pearl District, this study suggests that the influence of class monopoly rent in contemporary processes of urban redevelopment is far more pervasive than often recognised, representing a “standard institutional practice” that is endemic (rather than aberrational) to the working of neoliberal urban governing regimes, and embeds in the social and physical landscape in a multiplicity of ways.
Contraception after pregnancy
Authors: Glasier Anna , Bhattacharya Siladitya , Evers Hans , Gemzell‐Danielsson Kristina , Hardman Sarah , Heikinheimo Oskari , La Vecchia Carlo , Somigliana Edgardo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhatever the outcome, pregnancy provides the opportunity to offer effective contraception to couples motivated to avoid another pregnancy. This narrative review summarizes the evidence for health providers, drawing attention to current guidelines on which contraceptive methods can be used, and when they should be started after pregnancy, whatever its outcome. Fertility returns within 1 month of the end of pregnancy unless breastfeeding occurs. Breastfeeding, which itself suppresses fertility after childbirth, influences both when contraception should start and what methods can be used. Without breastfeeding, effective contraception should be started as soon as possible if another pregnancy is to be avoided. Interpregnancy intervals of at least 6 months after miscarriage and 1‐2 years after childbirth have long been recommended by the World Health Organization in order to reduce the chance of adverse pregnancy outcome. Recent research suggests that this may not be necessary, at least for healthy women <35 years old. Most contraceptive methods can be used after pregnancy regardless of the outcome. Because of an increased risk of venous thromboembolism associated with estrogen‐containing contraceptives, initiation of these methods should be delayed until 6 weeks after childbirth. More research is required to settle the questions over the use of combined hormonal contraception during breastfeeding, the use of injectable progestin‐only contraceptives before 6 weeks after childbirth, and the use of both hormonal and intrauterine contraception after gestational trophoblastic disease. The potential impact on the risk of ectopic pregnancy of certain contraceptive methods often confuses healthcare providers. The challenges involved in providing effective, seamless service provision of contraception after pregnancy are numerous, even in industrialized countries. Nevertheless, the clear benefits demonstrate that it is worth the effort.
Process of selecting and educating HCV‐uninfected kidney waiting‐list candidates for HCV‐infected kidney transplantation
Authors: Sise Meghan E. , Wojciechowski David , Chute Donald F. , Gustafson Jenna , Chung Raymond T. , Williams Winfred W. , Elias Nahel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLong waiting times for kidney transplant (KT) and the high risk of mortality on dialysis have prompted investigation into strategies to utilize hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected organs to decrease discard rates of potentially viable kidneys. Due the opioid epidemic, the number of HCV‐infected donors has increased significantly. With the development of direct‐acting antiviral therapies for HCV infection, now more than 95% of patients who received treatment are cured. Experimental trials have used direct‐acting antiviral therapy to treat HCV infection in HCV‐uninfected transplant recipients of kidneys from HCV‐viremic donors. To date, HCV has been eradicated in all cases. Though these strategies will potentially increase the donor pool of available kidneys, shorten waitlist times, and ultimately decrease mortality in patients waiting for KT, identifying the ideal candidates and educating them about a protocol to utilize direct‐acting antiviral therapy to cure HCV after it is transmitted is essential. We present our approach to patient selection and education for a clinical trial in transplantation of HCV viremic kidneys into uninfected recipients.
Parental height modifies the association between linear growth and neurodevelopment in infancy
Authors: Upadhyay Ravi P. , Chandyo Ram K. , Kvestad Ingrid , Hysing Mari , Ulak Manjeswori , Ranjitkar Suman , Shrestha Merina , Shrestha Laxman , Strand Tor A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo estimate the extent to which maternal and paternal height modify the association between length‐for‐age Z‐score (LAZ) and neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley‐III).MethodsBaseline data from a clinical trial in 600 Nepalese infants aged six to 11 months with LAZ less than −1 were utilised. The primary exposure was the LAZ score, interaction variables were maternal and paternal height, and the outcomes were Bayley‐III cognitive, language and motor scaled scores. Linear regression and generalised additive model (GAM) were used to identify potential interactions.ResultsLinear regression analysis stratified by parental height categories showed that association between unit increase in LAZ and cognitive scaled score differed across maternal (normal height: ß 1.16, 95% CI; 0.75, 1.57 and short height: ß 0.67, 95% CI; 0.28, 1.05) and paternal (normal height: ß 1.32, 95% CI; 0.91, 1.72 and short height: ß 0.61, 95% CI; 0.03, 1.18) height categories. Maternal height also modified the association between LAZ and fine motor scaled score.ConclusionThe association between LAZ and neurodevelopmental outcomes was attenuated when maternal and paternal height was taken into account. Parental stature should be considered when using LAZ as a proxy for neurodevelopment among infants.
Long‐term oncological outcomes of patients with paratesticular sarcoma
Authors: Goldberg Hanan , Wong Lih‐Ming , Dickson Brendan , Catton Charles , Yap Stanley A. , Alkasab Thamir , Evans Andrew , van der Kwast Theodorus , Jewett Michael A. S. , Hamilton Robert J. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo present long‐term oncological outcomes of patients with paratesticular sarcoma treated by a multidisciplinary team.Patients and methodsPatients managed at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, between 1990 and 2012, were analysed. A sarcoma expert performed central pathology review. Kaplan–Meier graphs compared local recurrence (LR), metastasis, and overall survival (OS) of patients treated with hemiscrotectomy vs those who did not. Univariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to delineate predictors of LR, metastasis, and OS.ResultsOverall, 51 patients with a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 132 (51.6–226.8) months were analysed. At presentation, 92.2% (47 patients) had localised disease. Only five patients (9.8%) had undergone initially planned hemiscrotectomy. Completion and salvage hemiscrotectomy was performed in 25 (54.3%) and seven (15.2%) patients, respectively. Recurrence and metastasis occurred in 12 (25.5%) and 10 patients (19.6%), respectively. At the last follow‐up, 21.6% (11 patients) had died, with eight dying from their disease. Kaplan–Meyer graphs demonstrated that hemiscrotectomy improved LR (median not reached vs 62.4 months, log‐rank P = 0.008) and OS (median not reached vs 168 months, log‐rank P = 0.081). Univariable analysis found hemiscrotectomy to be associated with a lower LR rate (hazard ratio [HR] 0.21, P = 0.02), whilst positive margins at initial surgery were associated with increased LR (HR 4.81, P = 0.047). No metastasis predictors were found, but age (HR 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.08; P = 0.02) and non‐localised disease at presentation (HR5.17, 95% CI 1.33–20.06; P = 0.017) were associated with worse OS.ConclusionParatesticular sarcoma is a rare tumour, predominantly manifesting as localised disease. Most patients receive an initial suboptimal oncological surgery. Improved long‐term outcomes are demonstrated following early hemiscrotectomy.
Idiopathic anaphylaxis
Authors: Bilò Maria Beatrice , Martini Matteo , Tontini Chiara , Mohamed Omar E. , Krishna Mamidipudi T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIdiopathic anaphylaxis (IA) or spontaneous anaphylaxis is a diagnosis of exclusion when no cause can be identified. The exact incidence and prevalence of IA are not known. The clinical manifestations of IA are similar to other known causes of anaphylaxis. A typical attack is usually acute in onset and can worsen over minutes to a few hours. The pathophysiology of IA has not yet been fully elucidated, although an IgE‐mediated pathway by hitherto unidentified trigger/s might be the main underlying mechanism. Elevated concentrations of urinary histamine and its metabolite, methylimidazole acetic acid, plasma histamine and serum tryptase have been reported, consistent with mast cell activation. There is some evidence that corticosteroids reduce the frequency and severity of episodes of IA, consistent with a steroid‐responsive condition. Important differential diagnoses of IA include galactose alpha‐1,3 galactose (a carbohydrate contained in red meat) allergy, pigeon tick bite (Argax reflexus), wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis, Anisakis simplex allergy and mast cell disorders. Other differential diagnoses include “allergy‐mimics” such as asthma masquerading as anaphylaxis, undifferentiated somatoform disorder, panic attacks, globus hystericus, vocal cord dysfunction, scombroid poisoning, vasoactive amine intolerance, carcinoid syndrome and phaeochromocytoma. Acute treatment of IA is the same as for other forms of anaphylaxis. Long‐term management is individualized and dictated by frequency and severity of symptoms and involves treatment with H1 and H2 receptor blockers, leukotriene receptor antagonist and consideration for prolonged reducing courses of oral corticosteroids. Patients should possess an epinephrine autoinjector with an anaphylaxis self‐management plan. There are anecdotal reports regarding the use of omalizumab. For reasons that remain unclear, the prognosis of IA is generally favourable with appropriate treatment and patient education. If remission cannot be achieved, the diagnosis should be reconsidered.
A multicentre validation study for the EU‐TIRADS using histological diagnosis as a gold standard
Authors: Trimboli Pierpaolo , Ngu Rose , Royer Benedicte , Giovanella Luca , Bigorgne Claude , Simo Ricard , Carroll Paul , Russ Gilles 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveMany systems for risk stratification of thyroid nodule with ultrasound (US) have been proposed and the EU‐TIRADS issued by the ETA in 2017 was the last to have been published. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether the malignancy risk of each category corresponded to the given range of the guidelines and assess the diagnostic value of EU‐TIRADS in a multi‐institutional trial with histology as gold standard.DesignThree institutions in Switzerland, France and United Kingdom shared this retrospective study. Enrolment period was 2013‐2017. Included were patients who had undergone surgery with a detailed preoperative thyroid US.MethodsCancer risk was calculated for each EU‐TIRADS score. Predictivity tests were estimated. Nonparametric statistical analysis was used.ResultsThe final series included 1058 nodules of which 257 (24.3%) carcinomas. Nodules were classified as EU‐TIRADS 2, 3, 4 and 5 in 6.7, 46.4, 26.2 and 20.7%, respectively. Cancer prevalence was 1.4, 3.5, 17 and 87.7% in classes 2‐5, respectively (P < 0.0001). EU‐TIRADS 5 had a significantly higher cancer rate than the other summed categories (7.7%;P < 0.0001) with OR 84.7. When EU‐TIRADS 4 and 5 were combined, 93% sensitivity and 97% NPV were found and findings of the three institutions were quite similar. Using the recommended criteria for FNA negative predictive value was 90.9%.ConclusionsThe cancer rate was within or close to the given range described in the EU‐TIRADS guidelines. The diagnostic value was satisfactory. The results were similar in the three institutions participating in the study.
Management of Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) in solid organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Community of Practice
Authors: Mullane Kathleen M. , Dubberke Erik R. ,   on behalf of the AST ID Community of Practice
Published: April 2019

AbstractThese updated guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice address the prevention and management of Clostridium difficile infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is among the most common hospital acquired infections. In SOT recipients, the incidence of CDI varies by type and number or organs transplanted. While a meta‐analysis of published literature found the prevalence of postoperative CDI in the general surgical population to be approximately 0.51%, the prevalence of CDI that is seen in the solid organ transplant population ranges from a low of 3.2% in the pancreatic transplant population to 12.7% in those receiving multiple organ transplants. There are no randomized, controlled trials evaluating the management of CDI in the SOT population. Herein is a review and summary of the currently available literature that has been synthesized into updated treatment guidelines for the management of CDI in the SOT population.
Substance use in kidney transplant candidates and its impact on access to kidney transplantation
Authors: Tang Evan , Bansal Aarushi , Famure Olusegun , Keszei Andras , Novak Marta , Kim S. Joseph , Mucsi Istvan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDue to the increasing public acceptance of substance use, it is important to understand the association between substance use and access to kidney transplant and its outcomes. Here, we assess the sociodemographic predictors of substance use and the association between substance use and KT access.MethodsPredictors of substance use were examined using a multivariable‐adjusted multinomial logistic regression. The association between current substance use (tobacco and drug) and time from referral to listing or receipt of a KT was examined using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsOf 2346 patients, the prevalence of current substance use was 17%. Predictors of current tobacco use were younger age, male sex, Caucasian ethnicity, being unemployed, and unmarried. Predictors of current drug use were younger age, male sex, Caucasian ethnicity, a history of non‐adherence, and a history of mental health disorder. Patients with tobacco use had a decreased likelihood of being cleared for KT (hazard ratio [HR]:0.83[0.70, 0.99]) and receiving a KT (HR:0.80 [0.66, 0.96]). No association was seen in this sample for patients with drug use (HR:0.88 [0.69, 1.11] for being cleared for KT and 0.88 [0.69, 1.14] for KT, respectively).ConclusionsTobacco use was associated with a decreased likelihood of access to KT whereas there was no statistically significant difference in access to KT between patients with or without drug use.
Nutrition‐related factors associated with waiting list mortality in patients with interstitial lung disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Oshima Ayako , Nishimura Akiko , Chen‐Yoshikawa Toyofumi F. , Harashima Shin‐ichi , Komatsu Teruya , Handa Tomohiro , Aoyama Akihiro , Takahashi Koji , Ikeda Masaki , Oshima Yohei , Ikezoe Kohei , Sato Susumu , Isomi Maki , Shide Kenichiro , Date Hiroshi , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractJapanese patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) sometimes die waiting for lung transplantation (LTx) because it takes about 2 years to receive it in Japan. We evaluated nutrition‐related factors associated with waiting list mortality. Seventy‐six ILD patients were hospitalized in Kyoto University Hospital at registration for LTx from 2013 to 2015. Among them, 40 patients were included and analyzed. Patient background was as follows: female, 30%; age, 50.3 ± 6.9 years; body mass index, 21.1 ± 4.0 kg/m2; 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD), 356 ± 172 m; serum albumin, 3.8 ± 0.4 g/dL; serum transthyretin (TTR), 25.3 ± 7.5 mg/dL; and C‐reactive protein, 0.5 ± 0.5 mg/dL. Median observational period was 497 (range 97‐1015) days, and median survival time was 550 (95% CI 414‐686) days. Survival rate was 47.5%, and mortality rate was 38.7/100 person‐years. Cox analyses showed that TTR (HR 0.791, 95% CI 0.633‐0.988) and 6MWD (HR 0.795, 95% CI 0.674‐0.938) were independently correlated with mortality and were influenced by body fat mass and leg skeletal muscle mass, respectively. It is suggested that nutritional markers and exercise capacity are important prognostic markers in waitlisted patients, but further study is needed to determine whether nutritional intervention or exercise can change outcomes.
Closed‐loop insulin delivery in end‐of‐life care: a case report
Authors: Boughton C. K. , Bally L. , Hartnell S. , Wilinska M. , Coll A. P. , Evans M. , Stettler C. , Hovorka R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlucose management for people with diabetes approaching the end of life can be very challenging. The aim is to balance a minimally invasive approach with avoidance of symptomatic hypo‐ and hyperglycaemia.Case reportWe present a case of a hospitalized individual whose glucose was managed with closed‐loop insulin delivery within a randomized controlled trial setting during a period of terminal illness. During the time in which closed‐loop insulin delivery was used, glucose control was safe, with no glucose‐related harm. The mean ± sd sensor glucose for this individual was 11.3 ± 4.3 mmol/l, percentage of time spent in target glucose range between 6 and 15 mmol/l was 70.5%, time spent in hypoglycaemia was 2.0% and time spent in significant hyperglycaemia >20 mmol/l was 2.6%.ConclusionClosed‐loop systems can accommodate personalized glucose targets and highly variable insulin requirements. Factory‐calibrated continuous glucose sensors and insulin pump therapy are less intrusive than finger‐stick glucose measurements and insulin injections, respectively. Closed‐loop systems may provide a safer and less burdensome approach to glucose management towards the end of life.
More distance, more remittance? Remitting behavior, travel cost, and the size of the informal channel
Authors: Ferriani Fabrizio , Oddo Giacomo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe rising number of foreign workers in Italy during the last 15 years has led to a conspicuous increase in the amount of remittances sent abroad. In this paper, we examine the determinants of remittance outflows originated in Italy and transferred abroad through registered financial intermediaries. After controlling for a wide set of socioeconomic regressors, we document a strong positive relation between remittances and the cost of travel between Italy and the migrants' respective home countries. We interpret this result as indirect evidence of unrecorded flows, since the relation between remittances and travel cost should be non‐significant unless geographical proximity permits remitters to switch to informal (non‐observable) transmission mechanisms. Moreover, using data on temporal and monetary costs for a subset of bilateral corridors, we also find remittances to be negatively correlated with high transaction costs and low speed of transfer. We rely on this empirical evidence and on a model of migrants' remitting behavior to present new strategies for estimating the size of the informal outflow.
Developmental changes in the excitatory short‐term plasticity at input synapses in the rat inferior colliculus
Authors: Kitagawa Mako , Sakaba Takeshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe inferior colliculus (IC) is the primal center of convergence and integration in the auditory pathway. Although extensive functional changes are known to occur at the relay synapses in the auditory brainstem during development, the changes in the IC remain to be investigated. Here, we have measured excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) of the neurons in the central nucleus of the IC in response to stimulation of either the lateral lemniscus or the commissure of the inferior colliculus. Before hearing onset, the lemniscus inputs exhibited short‐term depression, whereas commissural inputs showed facilitation. After hearing onset, the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐EPSCs exhibited faster decay for both pathways, whereas the decay of the AMPA‐EPSCs were unaltered. Furthermore, the EPSCs showed more constant responses during repetitive stimulation in both pathways. These developmental changes ensure faster and more reliable signal transmission to the inferior colliculus after onset of hearing.