bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for predicting rate-induced tipping
Authors: Huang Yu , Bathiany Sebastian , Ashwin Peter , Boers Niklas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNonlinear dynamical systems exposed to changing forcing values can exhibit catastrophic transitions between distinct states. The phenomenon of critical slowing down can help anticipate such transitions if caused by a bifurcation and if the change in forcing is slow compared with the system’s internal timescale. However, in many real-world situations, these assumptions are not met and transitions can be triggered because the forcing exceeds a critical rate. For instance, the rapid pace of anthropogenic climate change compared with the internal timescales of key Earth system components, like polar ice sheets or the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, poses significant risk of rate-induced tipping. Moreover, random perturbations may cause some trajectories to cross an unstable boundary whereas others do not—even under the same forcing. Critical-slowing-down-based indicators generally cannot distinguish these cases of noise-induced tipping from no tipping. This severely limits our ability to assess the tipping risks and to predict individual trajectories. To address this, we make the first attempt to develop a deep learning framework predicting the transition probabilities of dynamical systems ahead of rate-induced transitions. Our method issues early warnings, as demonstrated on three prototypical systems for rate-induced tipping subjected to time-varying equilibrium drift and noise perturbations. Exploiting explainable artificial intelligence methods, our framework captures the fingerprints for the early detection of rate-induced tipping, even with long lead times. Our findings demonstrate the predictability of rate-induced and noise-induced tipping, advancing our ability to determine safe operating spaces for a broader class of dynamical systems than possible so far.
Improvement of a pendulum‐type apparatus for friction test of a contact lens to simulate the conditions of its actual usage
Authors: Nakaoka Ryusuke , Iwashita Hiroko , Hori Yuichi , Mabuchi Kiyoshi , Matsunaga Toru , Haishima Yuji , Yamamoto Eiichi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFriction between the contact lens (CL) and the corneal or conjunctival surfaces is considered one of key factors in triggering CL‐associated adverse effects. However, the relationship between friction properties and these effects remains unclear. Traditional measurement methods often fail to replicate real‐life conditions, thereby highlighting the need for more effective apparatus. In this study, the authors developed an optimised pendulum apparatus integrated with an inclinometer to enhance the measurement of CL friction coefficients, thereby improving its precision and relevance to clinical settings. This new design allows for faster and easier calculation of the friction coefficient based on the amplitude decay per libration cycle, surpassing the accuracy of previous video‐based methods. The pendulum's hemisphere component was made from ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM) 30, which has an elastic modulus similar to that of a human eyeball, creating a measurement environment that closely mimics real‐world usage. The authors optimised the apparatus by evaluating the effects of hemisphere stiffness and saline volume on the friction coefficient. Measurements of multiple lenses recorded by the authors, particularly Lens A, made of narafilcon A, revealed significant consistency across different hemisphere materials with an optimal saline volume of 150 μL yielding a friction coefficient of 0.026 ± 0.003. No statistically significant differences in the friction coefficients were found across variations in the lens base curve, diameter, centre thickness, or power. This improved apparatus demonstrates the capability of effectively measuring friction coefficients under conditions that simulate clinical usage, providing rapid and reliable results. The findings validate the apparatus and suggest its potential for broader applications in assessing CL properties, thereby facilitating future research on the material characteristics and safety of various CLs, including decorative lenses.
Performance analysis of electromagnetic nano‐communication with interference over dual selection combining diversity technique
Authors: Singh S Pratap , Chugh Urvashi , Singh Deepak Kumar , Kumar Amit , Kaur Kanwar Preet , Rakesh Nitin , Singh Ghanshyam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel frequency regime of the spectrum from 0.1 to 10 THz enables an emerging paradigm of modern wireless communication referred as 6G communication networks. However, to assure the success of 6G communication networks, ever‐growing development and deployment of nano‐machines, leading to ultra‐dense nano‐network, is witnessed. Nevertheless, the potential feature analysis of such ultra‐dense nano‐network in the presence of interference limited scenarios, by virtue of ultra‐dense deployment of nano‐machines, under the performance improvement techniques is missing from the reported literatures. Therefore, in this article, several performance metrics for an ultra‐dense nano‐network under the selection combining (SC) diversity technique is presented. The analytical expressions for error rates of different modulation schemes such as BPSK/BFSK, DPSK/ NFSK, Q‐PSK and M‐QAM under SC diversity technique for the considered nano‐network in the presence of interference limited ecosystems are presented. In addition, analytical expressions of capacity under constant power with optimal rate adaptation (Cora) and capacity under channel inversion with fixed rate (Ccifr) are explored. It is worthy to mention that the proposed analytical expressions are generic in nature for the considered scenarios, in which severity and shaping parameters in both the multipath fading and shadowing are included. Numerically simulated results support mathematical formulation.
Unmanned aerial vehicle formation control method based on improved artificial potential field and consensus
Authors: Wang Yunming , Zhong Yilin , Zhang Yuhang , Shi Yanhong , Chen Hongrui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFormation coordination can improve the overall performance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems, so it is important to realize coordinated formation control. To solve the problems of ineffective internal collision avoidance and communication distance maintenance in existing formation control methods, a UAV formation control algorithm based on an improved artificial potential field and consensus is proposed. First, an improved artificial potential field obstacle avoidance method is used to solve the problems of collision avoidance and communication distance maintenance within the formation by setting a communication risk zone and a collision risk zone and by defining the dynamic adjustment parameters of the inter‐UAV virtual force to improve the traditional artificial potential field method. Second, a time integrating factor is introduced, and an improved consensus‐based formation control method is employed to overcome the problem of the artificial potential field method falling into the local optimum easily. Simulation experiments were designed to analyse the trends of the UAV formation motion trajectory, inter‐UAV relative distance, attitude, and formation time. The analysis results show that the method can make the UAV formation consistent with the flight trajectory of the intended formation, solving the problems of collision avoidance and communication distance maintenance within the UAV formation.
The binary Yarkovsky effect on the primary asteroid with applications to singly synchronous binary asteroids
Authors: Zhou Wen-Han 
Published: November 2024

Context. The binary Yarkovsky effect on the secondary asteroid (BYS) was recently discovered to influence binary asteroid systems by pushing the secondary asteroid towards a synchronous orbit on a short timescale. However, the binary Yarkovsky effect on the primary (BYP) remains less understood, partly due to non-linear effects from partial eclipses, but could have significant implications for singly synchronous binaries.
Aims. We aim to obtain an empirical formula for the BYP and estimate its induced orbital drifting rates for real binary asteroids.
Methods. We solved the radiation forces numerically. By fitting the numerical results, we find an empirical modified solution to estimate the effective BYP: the traditional BYP formula multiplied by (rs/rp)(α − 1), which accounts for the partial eclipse.
Results. We confirm that the BYP pushes the primary towards a synchronous orbit where its spin equals the mean motion. Numerical results indicate that the parameter α is relatively insensitive to the ratio of the spin rate to the mean motion and decreases slightly with increasing thermal inertia. For small binary systems with a typical thermal inertia of 200 tiu, α is approximately 1.7. The BYP is found to affect the mutual orbit of singly synchronous binaries with a timescale typically an order of magnitude longer than that of the BYS. Drift rates induced by the BYP for known small binary asteroids (primary radius <  1 km) range from –0.001 to –1 cm yr−1. A comparative analysis with observed orbital drift rates shows agreement for pre-impact Didymos and 1996 FG3 but discrepancies for 2001 SL9 and 1999 KW4, suggesting complex dynamics in these systems involving the BYP, the binary Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (BYORP) effect, and tides.
Conclusions. The BYP is changing the mutual orbits of most discovered binary asteroids. We suggest that the BYP should be considered along with BYORP and tidal effects when studying binary systems’ long-term dynamics.
Réflexions sur la démarche de standardisation d’examens cliniques objectifs structurés (ECOS) dans le cadre de la réforme du deuxième cycle des études de médecine en France : expérience sur une cohorte d’étudiants en médecine
Authors: Feigerlová Eva , Braun Marc 
Published: November 2024

Contexte et problématique : L’examen clinique objectif et structuré (ECOS) est un outil pédagogique utilisé à des fins de formation et d’évaluation des performances des étudiants dans un environnement simulé. Pour justifier son utilité et son efficacité, l’ECOS doit être régulièrement révisé. Les données psychométriques permettent de répondre aux questions d’évaluation de la qualité de l’ECOS. Dans l’éducation médicale une note de passage fixe de 50 % est traditionnellement utilisée. Cependant les stations au sein d’un circuit d’ECOS peuvent avoir des niveaux de difficulté variable. Le seuil de réussite est déterminé par le biais d’un ajustement statistique afin de refléter le niveau de difficulté de chacune des stations au sein du circuit. Objectif : Ce travail décrit une démarche de standardisation de l’épreuve sur un exemple concret selon les attendus d’apprentissage sur le modèle adopté en France. Cadre conceptuel et méthodologique : La première partie de l’article propose quelques concepts théoriques ainsi que les éléments de réflexion pouvant être utiles pour guider les enseignants dans ce nouvel environnement de formation et d’évaluation des étudiants de médecine. Retour d’expérience : Dans la deuxième partie, nous décrivons une démarche de standardisation avec une analyse détaillée des stations d’ECOS non préalablement pilotées au sein d’un circuit formatif sur une cohorte de 310 étudiants de cinquième année à la Faculté de médecine à Nancy. L’analyse psychométrique a été menée dans le but d’évaluer la qualité des stations en vue de leur intégration dans un circuit sommatif.
Aktuelle Fragen zur Aufklärung
Authors: Makoski Kyrill 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Patient kann nur dann wirksam in die Behandlung einwilligen, wenn er vorher richtig aufgeklärt wurde. Anderenfalls kann der Arzt – trotz ordnungsgemäßer Behandlung – haftbar gemacht werden. Wichtig ist, wer aufklärt, wann aufgeklärt wird und worüber.
Gaining or Losing Momentum? The Perceived Educational Role of University Student Hostels in Hong Kong from 1980 to 2020
Authors: Cheng Michelle W. T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHong Kong (HK) has been frequently studied in higher education (HE) policy research, but almost none shed light on policies related to the university student hostels. This study is unique as it focuses on university residential education in HK, which has a history of adopting the Oxbridge residential model, but in an Asian context. By tracing the policy development of university student hostels from 1980 to 2020 (a 40-year period), several themes were observed according to the year, ranging from financing hostel construction, defining the purpose of student housing, balancing the ratio of local and non-local students, to promoting internationalization in a localized context in recent years. Compared with the student housing development trend in the UK, the author deduces that the government’s decision to either offer public student hostels or outsource to the private sector will have a considerable impact on the educational role of student hostels. This study emphasizes that residential education must be intentional and suggests that universities should emphasize it as an essential part of higher education.
The pragmeme of accommodation in Christian condolence messages in Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Temitope Michael , Akinrinlola Temidayo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The inevitability of death is reinforced in the different cultures and religions of the world. Among Christians in
general and Nigerian Christians in particular, it is seen as a transformator of human beings from mortality to
immortality, as evident in their linguistic behaviour. This study investigates pain-relieving strategies in Christian condolence
messages in Nigeria, within the purview of Capone’s pragmeme of accommodation. Data for the study comprised tributes and
condolence messages in selected Christian burial souvenirs, programmes and books of tributes. Findings revealed reference to the
deceased’s good qualities, reference to heaven as rest home and a better place, reference to future re-union, and reference to
death as an inevitable messenger that calls human beings home are strategic pain-relieving strategies carefully employed by
authors of Christian condolence messages and tributes to ‘heal the pain of death’ among Nigerian Christians. The choice of these
strategies is predicated on the shared Christian belief about death.
Robust multistate quantum control with minimal additional coupling
Authors: Han Xin , Xu Hang , Song Xue-Ke , Ye Liu , Wang Dong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The multistate stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is an efficient technique to achieve a selective and accurate population transfer in a chainwise-linked system. However, their efficiency is imperfect due to the nonadiabatic losses from the long runtime of the adiabatic evolution. Here, we focus on realizing a perfect and robust coherent control of the quantum states with optimal shortcut to adiabaticity in a realistic five-state hybrid quantum system. In particular, the optimal shortcut field requires minimal additional coupling (only one coupling strength) to accelerate the adiabatic evolution in this five-state system. Compared to the original STIRAP, the optimal shortcut shows the ultra-high fidelity of quantum state manipulations even though the control parameters of the Hamiltonians are changed in different ways. Furthermore, we study the efficiency of the optimal shortcut field technique in the presence of various experimental errors, such as systematic error, Rabi frequency error, and coupling strength error, and it features a broad range of high efficiencies above 99.9%, showing its robustness against the above errors. The results might shed insight on the further applications of shortcuts to adiabaticity on robust quantum information processing in multi-level quantum systems.
Calculation of bound and continuum states of the Ne3 van der Waals trimer
Authors: Guérout Romain 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We use the configuration space Faddeev formalism to calculate bound and continuum states of the Ne3 van der Waals trimer. Continuum states below the breakup threshold describe the scattering of a neon atom off of a Ne2 diatomic molecule. We identify a resonant feature which we attribute to the presence of a three body resonance.
Influence of shells on the charge tunneling behavior in quantum-dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhu Bingyan , Wang Ting , Wang Song , Chi Xiaochun , Zhang Han , Zhang Hanzhuang , Ji Wenyu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Due to the advances in quantum dot (QD) synthesis and device design, quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have gained much progress in luminance, efficiency, and operational stability. However, fabricating high-performance QLEDs remain to be empirical, lacking full understanding of the electroluminescent mechanism of QDs. The formation and recombination of excitons is one of the most crucial charge-carrier dynamics in determining device design and performance. As a fingerprint, the ideality factor of diodes is used here to evaluate the transportation and recombination of charge carriers in QLEDs. The ideality factor of the current for QLEDs deviates significantly from 2, indicating that tunneling behavior dominates the charge injection and transportation processes in the low driving region. The ideality factor of the luminance strongly depends on the core-shell structure of the QDs. For QLEDs with I-QDs that have an alloying shell, the luminance ideality factor falls between 1 and 2, suggesting the coexistence of both trap-assisted recombination and Langevin bimolecular radioactive recombination processes. In contrast, for II-QDs with a sharp core-shell structure, the luminance ideality factor is approximately 2, indicating that trap-assisted recombination prevails in the device.
Comparison measurements of natural constants based on laser-focused atomic deposition and extreme ultraviolet interference lithography
Authors: Deng Xiao , Tang Zhaohui , Song Song , Xiao Guangxu , Yin Zhijun , Shen Junyu , Xue Dongbai , Xie Yuying , Dun Xiong , Cheng Xinbin , Li Tongbao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Traceability is the foundation of accuracy and consistency in dimensional metrology. Meter in the International System of Units is defined and reproduced by natural constants. Comparing the differences in traceability approaches based on different natural constants can better understand the real size of manufacturing structures. This paper compares the consistency of three traceability approaches based on chromium atomic transition wavelength, iodine-stabilized laser wavelength (top-down approach), and silicon lattice spacing (bottom-up approach) in nanoscale dimensional metrology. For comparison, the measured objects are silicon gratings manufactured by laser-focused atomic deposition (LFAD) and extreme ultraviolet interference lithography (EUV IL). Notably, the pitch of the silicon gratings can be traced from the transition wavelength of chromium (7S3→ 7P4, λ = 425.5533 nm). For silicon gratings manufactured by LFAD and EUV IL at diffraction order m = 1, the expected pitch of the silicon grating is

λ
4

. The pitch of the silicon grating is measured using a top-down (metrological atomic force microscope) approach, and the deviation between the measured result and the pitch based on the transition wavelength of chromium is 0.1 nm. For silicon gratings manufactured by LFAD and EUV IL at diffraction order m = 2, the expected pitch of the silicon grating is

λ
8

. This silicon grating is measured using a bottom-up approach, and the deviation between the measured results and the pitch based on the transition wavelength of chromium is 0.2 nm. This study provides a feasible solution for integrating various measurement methods and different traceability approaches at the nanoscale. It demonstrates the potential and feasibility of a nanoscale dimensional metrology traceability chain based on self-traceable gratings.
Multi-objective tree-structured Parzen estimator optimized Res-Net for ITSC fault diagnosis of PMSM
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Qiwei , Zhang Yixuan , Wang Yiming , Yang Yun , Cai Huaxiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the advancement of artificial intelligence technology, fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have been extensively studied due to their ability to automatically extract fault latent features and develop end-to-end diagnostic models. However, the existing methods focus on achieving high accuracy while neglecting model complexity. Therefore, this paper proposes an inter-turn short circuit fault diagnosis method of permanent magnet synchronous motor using data-level fusion and multi-objective tree-structured Parzen estimator (MOTPE) optimized Res-Net. In this method, the original three-phase current signals are fused into a new modal signal through Clarke transform at the data layer. Based on an improved Res-Net18, hyperparameters are optimized using MOTPE to achieve high-performance and lightweight model design. Experiments have validated the fault diagnosis model that integrates current signal fusion and MOTPE optimization, achieving an accuracy of 99.62%, with the best noise robustness and the lowest model complexity. Compared with single-objective tree-structured Parzen estimator, multi-objective Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-III, and Random algorithms, MOTPE not only maintains high accuracy but also achieves lower computational costs and a lightweight network structure.
Thermal expansion of boron nitride nanotubes and additively manufactured ceramic nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Dingli , Chen Rachel , Anjum Nasim , Ke Changhong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Controlling the thermal expansion of ceramic materials is important for many of their applications that involve high-temperature processing and/or working conditions. In this study, we investigate the thermal expansion properties of additively manufactured alumina that is reinforced with boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) over a broad temperature range, from room temperature to 900 °C. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the BNNT-alumina nanocomposite increases with temperature but decreases with an increase in BNNT loading. The introduction of 0.6% BNNTs results in an approximate 16% reduction in the CTE of alumina. The observed significant CTE reduction of ceramics is attributed to the BNNT’s low CTE and ultrahigh Young’s modulus, and effective interfacial load transfer at the BNNT-ceramic interface. Micromechanical analysis, based on in situ Raman measurements, reveals the transition of thermal-expansion-induced interface straining of nanotubes, which shifts from compression to tension inside the ceramic matrix under thermal loadings. This study provides valuable insights into the thermomechanical behavior of BNNT-reinforced ceramic nanocomposites and contributes to the optimal design of ceramic materials with tunable and zero CTE.