bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submerged vs. Solid‐State Conversion of Soybean Meal into a High Protein Feed UsingAureobasidium pullulans
Authors: Baldwin Emily L. , Karki Bishnu , Zahler Jacob D. , Rinehart Michael , Gibbons William R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the performance ofAureobasidium pullulansin converting soybean meal (SBM) into high protein feed using the submerged and solid‐state processes. High solid loading rates (SLR) were evaluated for each process, i.e., 10–25% for submerged and 35–70% for static solid‐state fermentation. During the submerged fermentation, 10% SLR was considered the best performer due to the high amount of cell density, low residual carbohydrates, and high protein titers, while 40% SLR resulted in the high protein yields and low residual carbohydrates during the static solid‐state fermentation. The solid‐state fermentation was conducted in a 14‐L paddle‐type reactor at 50% SLR, and periodic mixing resulted in a protein titer of ~58% at 72 hours of fermentation. Overall, results showed the feasibility of scaling up these processes in converting SBM to a high protein feed ingredient for animal diet.
Cytotoxic effects of β‐asarone on Sf9 insect cells
Authors: Yooboon Thitaree , Kuramitsu Kazumu , Bullangpoti Vasakorn , Kainoh Yooichi , Furukawa Seiichi 
Published: July 2019

Abstractβ‐Asarone is the predominant component of the essential oil of rhizomes of Acorus calamus Linn ( Sweet flag). Although rhizome extracts from this plant have long been used for insect pest control, their cytotoxic effects on insect cells are not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the potency of β‐asarone as a natural insecticide by using a Spodoptera frugiperda cell line (Sf9). To assess the cytotoxic effects of β‐asarone on Sf9 cells, we observed morphologic changes in treated cells and performed a cell proliferation assay and a DNA fragmentation assay. After 24 and 48 h of treatment with β‐asarone, the proliferation of the Sf9 cells was inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner, with IC50 values of 0.558 mg/ml at 24 h and 0.253 mg/ml at 48 h. Morphologic changes in β‐asarone‐treated cells were typical of apoptosis and included loss of adhesion, cell shrinkage, and small apoptotic bodies. The DNA laddering present in β‐asarone‐treated SF9 cells and annexin V assay confirmed that this compound can induce apoptosis in insect cells. Together, these findings suggest that apoptosis induction may be one mechanism through which β‐asarone inhibits the proliferation of insect cells and thus exerts insecticidal effects.
Language acceptability of finite automata based on theory of semi‐tensor product of matrices
Authors: Yue Jumei , Yan Yongyi , Chen Zengqiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUsing the theories of many‐valued logic and semi‐tensor product of matrices (STP), this paper investigates how to mathematically determine whether or not a regular language is recognized by finite automata (FA). To this end, the dynamic behaviour of FA is first formulated as bilinear dynamic equations, which provides a uniform model for deterministic and non‐deterministic FA. Based on the bilinear model, the recognition power of FA understanding of regular languages is investigated and several algebraic criteria are obtained. With the algebraic criteria, to judge whether a regular sentence is accepted by a FA or not, one only needs to calculate an STP of some vectors, rather than making the sentence run over the machine as traditional manners. Further, the inverse problem of recognition is considered, an algorithm is developed that can mathematically construct all the accepted sentences for a given FA. The algebraic approach of this paper may be a new angle and means to understand and analyse the dynamics of FA.
A Rapid Colorimetric Sensor for Soluble Interleukin‐2 Receptor α, Based on Aptamer‐Adsorbed AuNP
Authors: Jeon Jinseong , Jo Hunho , Her Jin , Youn Hyungjun , Park Jonghoon , Jo Jihoon , Lee Jiseon , Chang Chulhun L. , Ban Changill 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe soluble interleukin‐2 receptor α (sIL‐2Rα) is a broad indicator of clinical disease activity in various inflammatory diseases. Here we have developed, for the first time, a rapid, washing‐free colorimetric aptasensor based on a sIL‐2Rα aptamer (Kd=1.33 nm). The aptasensor was fabricated with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) adsorbing sIL‐2Rα aptamers. On addition of sIL‐2Rα, the aptamers become desorbed from the AuNPs, and this in turn weakens the absorption corresponding to AuNP‐catalyzed oxidation of ortho‐phenylenediamine (oPD) with H2O2. The aptasensor was characterized by TEM imaging, ζ potential measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, and UV/Vis spectrometry, followed by further optimization. The fabricated sensor exhibited great analytical performance, with a linear range of 1 to 100 nm and a detection limit of 1 nm both in buffer and in spiked human serum within 25 min. Other proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), IL‐17Rα, IL‐5Rα, IL‐13Rα2, and CD166, showed negligible effects on the aptasensor. Thanks to the great advantages of the aptamers and AuNPs, this aptasensor provides a rapid, simple, and inexpensive process that might offer insights into various diagnostic applications of sIL‐2Rα.
Lymphedema: An early sign of rodent ulcer metastasis leads to timely intervention
Authors: Mann Caroline , Rietz Stephan , Amedee Ronald , Schepler Hadrian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma has a potential for early and late metastasis. Depending on the location of the primary site, the relevant lymphatic drainage routes have to be monitored. Regional lymph edema may be a first indicator for metastasizing disease.
Endoscopic stent treatment of a duodenal ulcer perforation using a semi‐covered stent
Authors: Holm Thor Erik , Olafsson Snorri , Kazaryan Airazat M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlacement of a covered self‐expandable metal stent when primary surgery had failed to close the duodenal ulcer perforation or as a primary modality is a promising procedure when compared to other currently available types of surgical rescue or intervention.
Thiazolium as Single‐Group Bifunctional Catalyst for Selectively Bulk Melt ROP of Cyclic Esters
Authors: Tian Guo‐Qiang , Liu Wen , Chen Li , Wu Gang , Chen Si‐Chong , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNovel single‐group bifunctional hydrogen‐bonding catalysts based on thiazolium were developed. The integration of hydrogen‐bonding donor and acceptor in a single thiazolium ring not only amplified synergetic eﬀect, but also enhanced the stability and the controllability for catalysis, and hence prompt thiazolium an efficient metal‐free catalyst for melt ROP of cyclic esters. More interestingly, thiazolium may form a compacted active center with monomer and initiator (or propagating chain end), thus enabling it to selectively activate lower sterically encumbered substrates in ROP.
Toolbox of Post‐Synthetic Mordenite Modification Strategies: Impact on Textural, Acidic and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Issa Hussein , Chaouati Nourrddine , Toufaily Joumana , Hamieh Tayssir , Sachse Alexander , Pinard Ludovic 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhich post‐synthetic modification strategy is the best suited for the generation of particular textural or chemical features in mordenite for a desired catalytic application? The aim of this contribution is to shed light on the effective quality of zeolite hierarchization through the rational study of structure/catalytic property dependency. Our study focused on mordenite, as this zeolite is of particular importance due to its strong acidity and monodimensional channel system, which explains why mordenite is industrially extensively employed. A toolbox of post‐synthetic hierarchization strategies on aluminum rich and poor mordenites has been developed based on basic treatments assisted by CTAB and pyridine at various temperatures (in conventional and microwave heating) and acid HF etching in aqueous and organic medium. A systematic study of over 30 post‐synthetically modified mordenites was conducted, which allowed us to assess the impact of each hierarchization strategy on textural, morphological, chemical and catalytic properties. Major correlations between structural features and catalytic activity, selectivity and stability in both the monomolecular n‐hexane cracking and the bimolecular toluene disproportionation were deduced.
Photochemistry with Cyanines in the Near Infrared: A Step to Chemistry 4.0 Technologies
Authors: Strehmel Bernd , Schmitz Christian , Cremanns Kevin , Göttert Jost 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCyanines covering the absorption in the near infrared (NIR) are attractive for distinct applications. They can interact either with lasers exhibiting line‐shaped focus emitting at both 808 and 980 nm or bright high intensity NIR‐LEDs with 805 nm emission, respectively. This is drawing attention to Industry 4.0 applications. The major deactivation occurs through a non‐radiative process resulting in the release of heat into the surrounding, although a small fraction of radiative deactivation also takes place. Most of these NIR‐sensitive systems possess an internal activation barrier to react in a photonic process with initiators resulting in the generation of reactive radicals and acidic cations. Thus, the heat released by the NIR absorber helps to bring the system, consisting of an NIR sensitizer and initiator, above such internal barriers. Molecular design strategies making these systems more compatible with distinct applications in a certain oleophilic surrounding are considered as a big challenge. This includes variations of the molecular pattern and counter ions derived from super acids exhibiting low coordinating properties. Further discussion focusses on the use of such systems in Chemistry 4.0 related applications. Intelligent software tools help to improve and optimize these systems combining chemistry, engineering based on high‐throughput formulation screening (HTFS) technologies, and machine learning algorithms to open up novel solutions in material sciences.
Arylazo‐3,5‐dimethylisoxazoles: Azoheteroarene Photoswitches Exhibiting High Z‐Isomer Stability, Solid‐State Photochromism, and Reversible Light‐Induced Phase Transition
Authors: Kumar Pravesh , Srivastava Anjali , Sah Chitranjan , Devi Sudha , Venkataramani Sugumar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReversibly photoswitchable phenylazo‐3,5‐dimethylisoxazole and 37 aryl‐substituted derivatives were synthesized. Excellent photoswitching ability of these compounds in solution and the solid state was demonstrated. Through kinetics studies by means of NMR spectroscopy, high Z‐isomer stability was demonstrated. Interestingly, the majority of the derivatives showed light‐induced contrasting color changes in solution and the solid state. Besides, many of the derivatives exhibit partial phase transition upon UV irradiation. The highlight of this class of photoswitches is the reversible light‐induced phase transition between solid and liquid phases in the parent compound, which can be used in patterned crystallization. These results show that this new class of azoheteroarene based photoswitches has opportunities to be useful in various domains.
Recent Advances in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Photo‐/Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Zhang Yao , Lin Huijuan , Zhu Jixin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConsiderable attention has been paid to the utilization of CO2, an abundant carbon source in nature. In this regard, porous catalysts have been eagerly explored with excellent performance for photo‐/electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to high valued products. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), featuring large surface area, high porosity, tunable composition and unique structural characteristics, have been widely exploited in catalytic CO2 reduction. This Minireview first reports the current progress of MOFs in CO2 reduction. Then, a specific interest is focused on MOFs in photo‐/electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 by modifying their metal centers, organic linkers, and pores. Finally, the future directions of study are also highlighted to satisfy the requirement of practical applications.
Formal Halo‐Meyer–Schuster Rearrangement of Propargylic Acetates through a Novel Intermediate and an Unexampled Mechanistic Pathway
Authors: Sadhukhan Santu , Baire Beeraiah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Santu Sadhukhan and Beeraiah Baire at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201901856.
SeC‐SDWSN: Secure cluster‐based SDWSN environment for QoS guaranteed routing in three‐tier architecture
Authors: Vishnu V.M. , Manjunath P. 
Published: July 2019

SummarySoftware defined wireless sensor network (SDWSN) is a recent evolution in networking that improves network performance and scalability. However, Quality of Service (QoS) and security are major the issues in SDWSN due to inefficient route selection (traffic load minimization algorithm) and insecure cryptography scheme (homomorphic algorithm). This paper proposes novel three‐tier architecture for secure cluster‐based SDWSN (SeC‐SDWSN) environment to ensure QoS and security for WSN using SDN. In the first tier, sensor nodes are segregated into multiple clusters by secure hash tree‐based clustering (SHTC) algorithm. Within each secure cluster, data transmission is performed through optimal route selected by adaptive spider monkey optimization (ASMO) algorithm in which two new fitness factors (F1, F2) are formulated by multiple QoS metrics. For data security, parallel advanced encryption standard with cipher block chaining (PAES‐CBC) algorithm is proposed. Aggregated ciphertext is transmitted to optimal switch in the second tier by using fuzzy weighted technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (FW‐TOPSIS) algorithm according to selection criteria. Switches forward the data to sink node based on flow rules deployed by SDN controllers in the third tier. SDN controllers provide global view on the entire network and deploy flow rules on switches in accordance to network status and security level. Extensive simulation in ns‐3 shows that the proposed three‐tier architecture achieves 5% throughput improvement, 7.8% PDR improvement, and 16% energy consumption improvement.
Inflammatory neonatal pain disrupts maternal behavior and subsequent fear conditioning in a rodent model
Authors: Davis Seth M. , Rice Makaela , Burman Michael A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInfants spending extended time in the neonatal intensive care unit are at greater risk of developing a variety of mental health problems later in life, possibly due to exposure to painful/stressful events. We used a rodent model of inflammatory neonatal pain to explore effects on fear conditioning, somatosensory function and maternal behavior. Hindpaw injections of 2% λ‐carrageenan on postnatal days 1 and 4 produced an attenuation in conditioned freezing during the postweaning period, similar to our previous work with acute pain, but did not cause lasting impacts on contextual freezing nor somatosensory function. Additionally, we assessed maternal behavior to observe dam–pup interactions during the neonatal period. Results showed dams of litters which experienced pain spent similar amounts of time with pups as undisturbed controls. However, the specific behaviors differed per condition. Dams of pain litters exhibited less time licking/grooming, but more time nursing than controls. These results suggest changes in maternal care following pain could be a contributing factor underlying the long‐term effects of neonatal trauma. Furthermore, our laboratory has previously shown acute, but not inflammatory pain, disrupted conditioned freezing; the current experiment observed the long‐term effects of neonatal inflammatory pain on conditioned fear using a weak conditioning protocol.
Generation and characterization of DSPP‐Cerulean/DMP1‐Cherry reporter mice
Authors: Vijaykumar Anushree , Ghassem‐Zadeh Sean , Vidovic‐Zdrilic Ivana , Komitas Karren , Adameyko Igor , Krivanek Jan , Fu Yu , Maye Peter , Mina Mina 
Published: July 2019

SummaryTo gain a better understanding of the progression of progenitor cells in the odontoblast lineage, we have examined and characterized the expression of a series of GFP reporters during odontoblast differentiation. However, previously reported GFP reporters (pOBCol2.3‐GFP, pOBCol3.6‐GFP, and DMP1‐GFP), similar to the endogenous proteins, are also expressed by bone‐forming cells, which made it difficult to delineate the two cell types in various in vivo and in vitro studies. To overcome these difficulties we generated DSPP‐Cerulean/DMP1‐Cherry transgenic mice using a bacterial recombination strategy with the mouse BAC clone RP24‐258g7. We have analyzed the temporal and spatial expression of both transgenes in tooth and bone in vivo and in vitro. This transgenic animal enabled us to visualize the interactions between odontoblasts and surrounding tissues including dental pulp, ameloblasts and cementoblasts. Our studies showed that DMP1‐Cherry, similar to Dmp1, was expressed in functional and fully differentiated odontoblasts as well as osteoblasts, osteocytes and cementoblasts. Expression of DSPP‐Cerulean transgene was limited to functional and fully differentiated odontoblasts and correlated with the expression of Dspp. This transgenic animal can help in the identification and isolation of odontoblasts at later stages of differentiation and help in better understanding of developmental disorders in dentin and odontoblasts.
Oribatid mites reveal that competition for resources and trophic structure combine to regulate the assembly of diverse soil animal communities
Authors: Magilton Matthew , Maraun Mark , Emmerson Mark , Caruso Tancredi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe role of niche partitioning in structuring species‐rich soil animal communities has been debated for decades and generated the “enigma of soil animal diversity.” More recently, resource‐based niche partitioning has been hypothesized to play a very limited role in the assembly of soil animal communities. To test this hypothesis, we applied a novel combination of stable isotopes and null models of species co‐occurrence to quantify the extent of resource niche partitioning on a diverse oribatid mite community sampled from mature oak woodland.We asked whether species aggregate or segregate spatially and how these patterns correlated with the abundance of estimated trophic guilds. We also estimated the effects of environmental variables on community structure.All measured environmental variables accounted for 12% of variance in community structure, including 8% of pure spatial structure unrelated to measured environmental factors and 2% of pure environmental variance unrelated to spatial variation. Co‐occurrence analysis revealed 10 pairs of species that aggregated and six pairs of species that were spatially segregated. Values of δ15N indicated that five out of the 10 pairs of aggregated species occupied the same trophic guild, while values of δ13C indicated that species in these five pairs consumed resources of different quality, supporting a significant role of resource‐based niche partitioning. Also, one of the five pairs of segregated species occupied the same trophic guild but had overlapping δ13C values suggesting that these species do not co‐occur locally and thus minimize competition for shared resources.Partitioning of resources plays an underestimated role in soil microarthropod communities and different local communities consisted of the same trophic guilds with species identity changing from place to place. The sum of resource partitioning, multi‐trophic interactions, and microscale environmental variability in the environment is a viable solution to the enigma of soil animal diversity.
Sex disparities in acute kidney injury complicating acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Ya'Qoub Lina , Dunlay Shannon M. , Vallabhajosyula Saarwaani , Vallabhajosyula Shashaank , Sundaragiri Pranathi R. , Jaffe Allan S. , Gersh Bernard J. , Kashani Kianoush 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate sex‐specific disparities in acute kidney injury (AKI) complicating acute myocardial infarction‐related cardiogenic shock (AMI‐CS) in the United States.Methods and resultsThis was a retrospective cohort study from 2000 to 2014 from the National Inpatient Sample (20% sample of all hospitals in the United States). Patients >18 years admitted with a primary diagnosis of AMI and concomitant CS that developed AKI were included. The endpoints of interest were the prevalence, trends, and outcomes of men and women with AKI in AMI‐CS. Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression was used to control for confounding, and a two‐sided P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. During this 15 year period, 440 257 admissions with AMI‐CS met the inclusion criteria, with AKI noted in 155 610 (35.3%). Women constituted 36.3% of the cohort and were older, of non‐White race, and with higher co‐morbidity compared with men. Women with AKI less often received coronary angiography (59% vs. 66%), percutaneous coronary intervention (39% vs. 43%), mechanical circulatory support (39% vs. 48%), mechanical ventilation (49% vs. 54%), and haemodialysis (9% vs. 10%) compared with men (all P < 0.001). Adjusted in‐hospital mortality was higher in women—odds ratio 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.14–1.19); P < 0.001—compared with men. Women had shorter lengths of stay (12 ± 14 vs. 13 ± 14 days), lower hospital costs ($150 071 ± 180 796 vs. $181 260 ± 209 674), and were less often discharged to home (19% vs. 31%) (all P < 0.001).ConclusionsWomen with AKI in AMI‐CS received fewer cardiac and non‐cardiac interventions, had higher in‐hospital mortality, and were less often discharged to home compared with men.
Insulin treatment and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Shen Li , Rørth Rasmus , Cosmi Deborah , Kristensen Søren Lund , Petrie Mark C. , Cosmi Franco , Latini Roberto , Køber Lars , Anand Inder S. , Carson Peter E. , Granger Christopher B. , Komajda Michel , McKelvie Robert S. , Solomon Scott D. , Staszewsky Lidia , Swedberg Karl , Huynh Thao , Zile Michael R. , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsInsulin causes sodium retention and hypoglycaemia and its use is associated with worse outcomes in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. We have investigated whether this is also the case in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Methods and resultsWe examined the association between diabetes/diabetes treatments and the risk of the primary composite of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization, as well as other outcomes in adjusted analyses in CHARM‐Preserved (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 45%), I‐Preserve and TOPCAT (Americas) pooled. Of 8466 patients, 2653 (31%) had diabetes, including 979 (37%) receiving insulin. Patients receiving insulin were younger, had a higher body mass index, prevalence of ischaemic aetiology, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and use of diuretics, worse New York Heart Association class and signs and symptoms, and worse quality of life and renal function, compared to patients with diabetes not on insulin. Among the 1398 patients with echocardiographic data, insulin use was associated with higher left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure and more diastolic dysfunction than in other participants. The primary outcome occurred at a rate of 6.3 per 100 patient‐years in patients without diabetes, and 10.2 and 17.1 per 100 patient‐years in diabetes patients without and with insulin use, respectively [fully adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) insulin‐treated diabetes vs. other diabetes: 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–1.63, P < 0.001]. The adjusted HR is 1.67 (95% CI 1.20–2.32, p = 0.002) for sudden death (insulin‐treated diabetes vs. other diabetes).ConclusionsInsulin use is associated with poor outcomes in HFpEF. Although we cannot conclude a causal association, the safety of insulin and alternative glucose‐lowering treatments in HF needs to be evaluated in clinical trials.