bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What mechanisms are involved in cabbage-clover intercropping and a further proof of the 'host plant quality' hypothesis
Authors: Seress Z. , McKinlay R. G. , Pénzes B. , Sezák K. 
Published: December 2018

Over 10 years of field trials show reductions of most of the pests in Brassicas undersown by clover. The pest-reducing effects are due to the 'appropriate / inappropriate landings' hypothesis (Finch, 1996), and the 'host plant quality' hypothesis (Theunissen, 1994). To find out the mechanisms within the 'host plant quality' hypothesis in the most promising intercropping (collards undersown by clover) glasshouse experiments were conducted to see whether intercropping influences the mean relative growth rate, fecundity and time of maturity of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) a common pest of Brassicas.
The treatment modelling intercropping showed the smallest mean relative growth rate, delayed the maturity and slowed down the growth of cabbages. The treatment modelling monocropping showed the highest mean relative growth rate and the maturity was reached earlier. These results may indicate that intercropping delays the growth of settled aphid populations, giving another proof that in the case of clover undersown cabbages the 'host plant quality' hypothesis is likely to be acting. The differences between treatments where the roots of clover and cabbages were separated and allowed to grow together suggest that the effect is via the roots by competition.
Evaluation of elder (Sambucus nigra) varieties and candidates for the canning industry. Results of the composition studies
Authors: Stéger-Máté M. , Horváth E. , Barta J. 
Published: December 2018

Sambucus nigra is a very common elder species in Europe. Due to its excellent composition, natural dye content and healing power it can be considered as a biological active plant. In Hungary the cultivation of Sambucus nigra started in the nineties and since that time there is a growing demand for this plant. Sambucus nigra is a special fruit due to its sole.-application for processing industry. Partly fruit products are made of it, partly it is used as a natural dye. In both cases the first step is the knowledge and evaluation of the composition of the various elder varieties and candidates. For that reason composition studies of different elder types were performed in several years at the Department of the Canning Technology of the Szent Istvan University.
The most important sample was the Haschberg variety, which is the sole elder type accepted and allowed for propagation by the government. This plant is grown in the Pilot Plant of the Szent István University in Szigetcsép. Among the studied samples there were some varieties cultivated in the Fertőd Research Station. They were the following types: No. 33, 480 and 481. Besides elder collected wild in Szigetcsep and the very promising early-ripened SZ-CS 21-23 variety originated also from Szigetcsép were investigated. One year it was possible to study the Sambu variety, too. Department of the Fruit Culture of the Szent István University helped to obtain the various elder types and candidates. Along our experimental activities, the following components and parameters were studied: the content of pectin, organic acid, carbohydrate, mineral, vitamin C, total acid, aquesoluble dry material, anthocyanin and the pH.
After having obtained a juice, a concentrate from the species has been made and — after freezing — the aquesoluble dry substance and the acid content, as well as the colour parameters were monitored. Studies were performed in two years (1997-98). On the basis of these results classes were established for all compounds, from which an overall ranking was derived.
It was found that in both years the Haschberg variety proved to have the best composition. Therefore regarding to the overall series of order the experiments performed in the second year supported the results obtained in the previous year. Results have shown that Sambucus nigra has excellent composition beside its curative effect. Its mineral content has surpassed that of the other fruits and it had advantageous acid-and carbohydrate composition. The ascorbic acid content of the Haschberg variety is striking. It can be concluded from the experiments that the Haschberg type has the most advantageous composition, therefore it is suitable for making special curative and exclusive products.
Ecological diversity of Hungarian medicinal and aromatic plant flora and its regional consequences
Authors: Bernáth J. , Németh É. 
Published: December 2018

During the last century the medicinal and aromatic plant sector has became a successful part of the Hungarian Agriculture. Some of the national products have been accepted as a special Hungarian ones ("Hungaricum"), evaluated on the world market, respectfully. By the estimates the cultivation area of medicinal and aromatic plants increased up to 37,000-42,000 hectares and considerable amount — about 10, 000-15, 000 tonnes of dry biomass — are produced by utilisation of Hungarian indigenous flora, year by year.
In the present work ecological requirements of 97 collected and 55 cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants are characterised. Based on the analysis of -Ts (temperature regime values) about 63 per cent of cultivated species came from Submediterranean and Mediterranean type of habitat, originally, while the majority of collected plants (61.8 per cent of them) prefer the deciduous forest conditions. The differences between collected and cultivated species are appreciable too, if the distributions of their characteristic water regime ('W' values) are compared. The majority of cultivated species require dry (moderate dry) and fresh (moderate fresh) habitats, while the amplitude of water requirement of collected species is much more wide-ranging.
The regional specialisation of Hungary according to production of medicinal and aromatic plants is known from the beginnings of the 20th century. As a result of spontaneous process seven well-defined production areas were developed. The relationship between regions, their climatic conditions and spectrum of species produced there are analysed.
Characteristics of fruit producing enterprises according to the data of farms taking part in the test farm system
Authors: Takács-György K. 
Published: December 2018

Fruit farming plays an important role within the Hungarian agriculture. The climatic conditions of the country make it possible to produce 20 temperate-zone fruit species, 14-15 of which are economically significant. The weight of the sector is high relative to the immobilised land, it is important in the field of employment and holding of rural population.
I examined the enterprise form, production size, revenues and profit of farms dealing with fruit production relying on the data of the agricultural test farm system of 1999. The proportion of croppers and entrepreneurs is significant among fruit producers. Their revenue realising ability is low, which depends on the production size too. But the polarisation of these farmers has started and a new level is being formed that is considerable from the viewpoint of value production.
Blooming phenology and fertility of sour cherry cultivars selected in Hungary
Authors: Nyéki J. , Szabó T. , Szabó Z. 
Published: December 2018

Experiments were conducted during the period between 1972 and 2002 at three sites in Hungary. At Érd 97, Helvetia 10, and Újfehértó, 3 cultivars were studied in variety collections. Observations were made on the blooming phenology (start, main time, end and length of the bloom period), on the blooming dynamics (the rate of the open flowers counted every day), on the receptivity of sexual organs, on the fruit set following self- and open-pollination and on the effect of association of varieties in the orchards (choice, rate and placement of pollinisers).
Based on the results the rate of the overlap of the blooming times were calculated and varieties were assigned into five bloom time groups according to their main bloom. Self-fertility conditioned by natural self pollination was studied and good pollinisers were chosen (sweet, sour and duke cherry varieties) for the self-sterile and partially self-fertile varieties.
The necessity of bee pollination was proved by different pollination methods: natural self-pollination, artificial self-pollination, open pollination. Summary: Experiments were conducted during the period between 1972 and 2002 at three sites in Hungary. At Érd 97, Helvetia 10, and Újfehértó, 3 cultivars were studied in variety collections. Observations were made on the flowering phenology (start, main time, end and length of the bloom period), on the flowering dynamics (the rate of the open flowers counted every day), on the receptivity of sexual organs, on the fruit set following self- and open-pollination and on the effect of association of varieties in the orchards (choice, rate and placement of pollinisers).
The fertilization problems of cultivated red- and black currant varieties in Hungary
Authors: Porpáczy A. 
Published: December 2018

Small fruits have a modest share in the fruit production of Hungarys. Red currant was grown traditionally in home gardens 60-70 years ago. Commercial production was established only in the surroundings of some town. The black currant was unknown until after Wold War II. An important change occured in small fruit production in the 1950s. Socialist countries, which had cheaper labour power, made efforts to meet these demands. In this time we produced 25.000 t.
Presently the country produces 13-15.000 tons currant fruit yearly 60% from this is black currant, which has a better market. It is our own interest to make our currant production more profitable. The currant is the second most widely cultivated soft fruit. Our product is disposed mostly on EU markets.
There was no breeding activity in this field in Hungary earlier. Cultivars used were mostly of foreign origin (W. European; Boskoop Giant, Silvergieter, Wellington XXX, Russian; Altaiskaya Desertnaya, Neosupaiuschaiasya, N. European; Brikltorp, Ojebyn). Besides well-known advantageous this cultivars have also some defects mainly unfavourable—adaptation to climatic conditions, which caused fertilisation problems, reduced the fruit set and uneven growth with decreased yields (Dénes & Porpáczy, 1999). About 140 black currant cultivars were investigated during the last four decades in our variety trials and only four of them were introduced with satisfying yielding capacity (3.5-5.5 t/ha).
Field Vegetable Production in Hungary
Authors: Kristóf E. , Terbe I. 
Published: December 2018

Hungary is a country with excellent ecological potentials and with rich traditions in vegetable production. The total vegetable production area comprises about 100 000 ha and annual production amounts to 1.4-1.8 million tons, 75-80% comes from fields and the rest from forcing. Approximately 40 species are produced, but only 20 of them play a dominant role. The most important ones arc: sweet corn, peas, peppers, watermelon, onions, tomatoes, gherkin, carrots, beans, white cabbage.
40-45% of the total production is processed, 20-30% sold on the fresh market and 30% exported.
Vegetable production is based on rural farms of 1-5 ha average acreage. It provides living for about 70-100 000 families. The low number of producers' organisations is a major setback.
Profitability of vegetable production is rather low. Production costs are high, wholesale prices are depressed.
Vegetables are produced for the industry by contract. Fresh vegetables are sold through local markets (15-20%), the wholesale market (decreasing importance) and direct marketing (35-40%).
Against the self-sufficiency of the country there is a seasonal import of vegetables mainly in winter and early springtime.
Hungarian legal regulations are harmonized with the EU directives, EU standards are accepted and applied, traditionally good market connections and cooperation with several EU countries enable the country to be a partner of EU vegetable growers.
Solar tracking system with PID control of solar energy panels using servo motor
Authors: AKSUNGUR Serhat , KOCA Tarkan 
Published: December 2018

Parallel to the developing technology and the increasing population, the energy requirement is increasing day by day. Turkey's dependence on foreign sources of energy constitutes a significant budget in terms of energy costs. In this context, in Turkey, renewable energy sources with high potential are gaining importance. Fossil energy sources cause environmental pollution and threaten human health more and more every day. For this reason, the use of renewable energy sources should be encouraged and widespread. With a good energy needs analysis, producer costs will be reduced and efficiency will be increased.Solar energy is an efficient resource in electricity generation. Increase the efficiency of the solar panels used, increases the amount of electricity produced. However, the change in the angle of the sun's rays has an adverse effect on energy production. In this study, it was aimed to increase the efficiency of the solar panels by moving according to angle of sunlight. For this purpose, solar panel was driven by the servo motor and it was directed to the sunlight. Servo motor's PID control was implemented using the MATLAB program. The energy analysis made is given in the results.Solar energy is
an efficient resource in electricity generation. Increase the efficiency of the
solar panels used, increases the amount of electricity produced. However, the
change in the angle of the sun's rays has an adverse effect on energy
production.In this study,
it was aimed to increase the efficiency of the solar panels by moving according
to angle of sunlight. For this purpose, solar panel was driven by the servo
motor and it was directed to the sunlight. Servo motor's PID control was
implemented using the MATLAB program. The energy analysis made is given in the
results.
Analysis of Indonesian Sovereign Green Bond and Green Sukuk Initiatives
Authors: Anugrahaeni Pradina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGreen bonds, as a vehicle to mobilize additional investors in supporting sustainable finance, have been a longstanding topic of discussion. Moreover, Â Green sukuk also have been developed in Islamic jurisdiction markets, mirroring the nature of green bonds in accommodating socially responsible investments. While earlier studies focused on the development of those new asset classes in the developed economies, this paper specifically examines the context of emerging countries, in particular Indonesia. Indonesia is on its way to issue the first green bonds and green sukuk; therefore, it is needed to assure that the initiatives will not disrupt the existing practices. This paper aims to look at the existing Indonesian conventional bond and sukuk markets, then analyse whether the preconditions are sufficient â€“ from financial stability perspectives. Contrary to the Islamic researches, this paper will point out that sukuk practices may not be immune from instability. The paper argues that strong support by the government may serve as a stabilising effect on the policy agenda to launch green bonds and green sukuk in Indonesia. This paper, however, does not scrutiny sukuk structures per case, which may be useful to identify specific issues that may arise.
Am 'Kapital' arbeiten!
Authors: Wolf Frieder Otto 
Published: December 2018

Meinem Interesse an diesem Text liegt erst einmal zugrunde, daß auch für mich historisch das Kapital, wenn schon nicht die terra firma, so doch immerhin das »relativ sichere«, Kerngelände des Marxismus gebildet hat. Bei meinem wirklichen Einstieg in den Marxismus (in Gestalt von Annährungen Kapital) kam es mir daher darauf an, die perative Logik des Kapitals (durchaus auch im Unterschied zu seiner deklarierten) zu erfassen - um damit die »Materialistische Dialektik« als »Methode« (Lukclcs) und als »System« zu erfassen, Althussers Text ist (im Ausgang von einem derartigen Interesse) spannend, da er das erste tut und dabei zugleich nachweist, daß das zweite eine selbst noch bornierte und zu überwindende Zielsetzung ist. Damit macht/läßt er aber zugleich die Frage offen, ob und inwiefern sich die These vom Kapital als »Kernbestand« des Marxismus wirklich halten läßt.1. Der tragende Begriff des Althusserschen Textes scheint mir der Begriff der »Ordnung« zu sein. Ich neige zu der Auffassung, daß eine radikale Übertragung dieses kartesianischen Begriffes - vermittelt über den Hegelschen Begriff des Beweisganges - bei einem Begriff von »System/Systematik« ankommen müßte, der in Anwendung auf den Ablauf der Darstellung in »Methode« umschlagen würde, d.h. in eine geordnete Abfolge der darzustellenden Kategorien (Methode der Darstellung) bzw. der durchzuführenden Untersuchungsschritte (Methode der Forschung)
Der französische Reformblock aus Sozialistischer Partei, Linksgewerkschaften und neuen sozialen Bewegungen -
Authors: Redaktion Prokla 
Published: December 2018

Seit 1981 ist in Frankreich eine aus Sozialisten, Kommunisten und Linksliberalen gebildete Regierung an der Macht. Bereits seit langem wird die französische Gewerkschaftsbewegung von zwei Gewerkschaftsbünden ( C. G. T. und C.F.D. T.) dominiert, die ein explizit linkes, revolutionäresSelbstverständnis haben und in ihren Aktionsinhalten und -formen entsprechend ausgerichtet sind. In den 70er Jahren artikulierte sich überdies im Gefolge des Mai '68 ein ganzes Spektrum neuer sozialer Bewegungen ( Ökologisten, Feministinnen, Regionalisten); diese agierten überwiegend auf außerparlamentarischer Ebene, teilweise auch parteiförmigparlamentarisch. Ein ideales Terrain also, sollte man meinen, für ein breites Fortschrittsbündnis mit sozialistisch-reformerischer Programmatik und Politik, das von seiner sozialen Basis und Ideologie her geradezu »gramscianische« Ausmaße hat und in den verschiedenen sozialen und politischen Arenen (Parlament, Staatsverwaltung, industrielle Beziehungen, Wirtschaft, Selbstorganisation der 'societe civile') antikapitalistische Transformationsprozesse auf den Weg bringen könnte. Anzunehmen wäre ein dichtes Geflecht von Kommunikations- und Verflechtungsbeziehungen in diesem Reformblock.
CHARACTER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT OF STUDENTS IN Dormitory MADRASAH ALIYAH (MAN)GORONTALO
Authors: Nisa Khairunnisa 
Published: December 2018

The basic thinking of this research is finding the character values inculcated in the building of boarding students in MAN Insan Cendikia, learning process of character building for boarding students in MAN Insan Cendikia Gorontal, and monitoring and evaluation of the management of boarding students character building at MAN Insan Cendikia Gorontalo. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data sources from Principals, Dormitories coordinators, Academic Heads, Trustess of Class XII Science, Class X Students, English Language Teachers, Sports Section Coordinators, Science Section Coordinators, Head of Student Affairs and Quality Assurance Section Heads. Data is colleted through observasion, interviews, and document study.
PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR E-LEARNING DAN E-LIBRARY MENGGUNAKAN THE OPEN GROUP ARCHITECTURE FRAMEWORK- ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT METHOD DI STKOM AL MA’SOEM BANDUNG
Authors: Ramadhani Tiffany Puspa 
Published: December 2018

The concept of digital learning or e-learning is now widely applied in many universities. in this research is done architecture design of e-learning information system equipped with e-library as storage media of material needed in learning and also as media of search of library material which amount is not limited. The background of this architectural design is two, which is less effective teaching and learning activities when there is holiday or lecturer absence and the last is the limited number of library materials in hardcopy. E-learning and e-library as one of the impacts of information technology advances can be utilized to overcome the obstacles in STKOM Al Ma'soem. With e-learning lecturers can provide lectures without having to face-to-face with students. Whereas with the use of e-library students can get library materials online without limited space and time.
IMPROVING COMMUNITY READING INTEREST THROUGH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PUBLIC LIBRARY IN SUSUKAN VILLAGE OF PARAKAN JATI, BOJONGGEDE DISTRICT, BOGOR REGENCY, WEST JAVA
Authors: Astuti Titin , Sunuantari Manik 
Published: December 2018

This service activity for society with title ‘Upgrading reading society’s interest with build public library in Susukan Village, District Bojong Gede, Bogor city. Will be held for 10 years by collaborate with two mitra, Karang Taruna Teenager, and women in RT 03 RW 05, Susukan Village. Mitra condition with amount of densely populated environment and middle down economic living, and dont have a public library, made this service as solution. Upgrading teenager karang taruna skill with this service go to make them as a manager and library staff, and then for women go to be a motivator and feedback source for public library development. This public general ‘Rizanmila’ has no fee (free) for everyone provide a lot of books, not only knowledge (66 books) but also religion book (38 books) and another books (29 books). It makes the total of book is 233 and go to be increase time by time. The attendant is 207 people which is dominate by kids with age range 8 till 15. Female with education range Junior High School till Senior High School. And the most favourite books is a story book, knowledge based and religion. By this condition we still need a charity a lot of books to prevent boring situation and increase the books variety in this public library. This library existence go to give a good benefit, not only for upgrading society reading interest, but also create an idea and trigger attendant creativity by activity such as culinary business, handicraft and another commercial activity in other to upgrading their business skill.
المصارف الاسلامية وقدرتها على تجاوز الازمة المالية العالمية لعام 2008 (مصرف دبي الاسلامي - حالة دراسية - )
Authors: العبيدي نهاد عبد الكريم , صبر اركان بدران 
Published: December 2018

الملخص
تزايدت اهمية الصيرفة الاسلامية في الآونة الاخيرة بفعل الانتشار الواسع لها والذي تجاوز الدول الاسلامية الى الدول الغير اسلامية وبالاخص في اوربا والولايات المتحدة, وقد اكتسبت هذه الاهمية بريقها اللامع في فترة الازمة المالية العالمية لعام 2008. هذا وتعمل المصارف الاسلامية في العديد من البلدان جنبا الى جنب مع المصارف التقليدية الامر الذي يعني ان تتعرض المصارف الاسلامية لمجموعة من المخاطر التي تتعرض لها المصارف الاخرى التي تشكل النسبة الاكبر من النظام المصرفي العالمي , عليه فان مسألة تأثر المصارف الاسلامية من عدمه بالازمة قد ياخذ عدة اتجاهات منها ما يرتبط بممارسة المصارف الاسلامية انشطتها المصرفية في بيئة اقتصادية مشتركة ومنها ما يرتبط بمحاكاة اساليب الاستثمار والتمويل لانشطة المصارف التقليدية عن طريق الابتعاد عن مباديءالشريعة الاسلامية.لذلك فقد جاء هدف البحث في تسليط الضوء على آلية التعامل في ظل نظام الصيرفة الاسلامية ,من خلال فاعليتها في تجاوز الازمة المالية العالمية لعام 2008 , وكذلك فاعليتها في استخدام اموالها بالطريقة التي تقلل من درجة المخاطرة الناجمة عن عدم الاستقرار المالي,من خلال تضمن البحث ثلاثة مباحث تناول الاول منها دراسة الاطار النظري للصيرفة الاسلامية, واهتم المبحث الثاني بدراسة الاطار المفاهيمي والسببي للازمة المالية العالمية لعام 2008 , اما المبحث الثالث فقد اهتم بتحليل مدى تاثر مصرف دبي الاسلامي بالازمة المالية لعام 2008.