bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G protein‐coupled receptor 119 agonist DS‐8500a effects on pancreatic β‐cells in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Watada Hirotaka , Shiramoto Masanari , Irie Shin , Terauchi Yasuo , Yamada Yuichiro , Shiosakai Kazuhito , Myobatake Yusuke , Taguchi Takashi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionPancreatic β‐cell dysfunction contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus progression. Drugs that improve insulin secretion might be a valuable treatment approach. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the G protein‐coupled receptor 119 agonist DS‐8500a on insulin secretory capacity in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Materials and MethodsThis single‐center, 4‐week, randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over study enrolled 21 Japanese drug‐naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged ≥20 years with glycated hemoglobin ≥7.0 and <9.0% (NCT02669732, JapicCTI 163126). Patients received 75 mg of DS‐8500a or a placebo orally daily for 4 weeks in a random order. A combined euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic clamp test was carried out to assess insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity before and after each 4‐week treatment period. Primary end‐points were first‐phase insulin secretion (insulin area under the curve [AUC]180–190 min and C‐peptide AUC180–190 min during the clamp test) and second‐phase insulin secretion (insulin AUC190–300 min and C‐peptide AUC190–300 min). Insulin sensitivity (M and M/I values), disposition index and changes in lipid profile were also assessed.ResultsDS‐8500a significantly increased first‐ and second‐phase insulin AUC (P = 0.0011, P = 0.0112) and C‐peptide AUC (P = 0.0012, P < 0.0001) compared with the placebo. At day 28, M and M/I values were comparable with those of the placebo, whereas the disposition index for insulin and C‐peptide was significantly increased (P = 0.0108, P = 0.0002). Total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly reduced, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased compared with the placebo. No significant treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred.ConclusionDS‐8500a enhanced insulin secretory capacity, but not insulin sensitivity.
Evaluating the use of parental reports to estimate health care resource utilization in children with suspected genetic disorders
Authors: Dragojlovic Nick , Kim Ellen , Elliott Alison M. ,   CAUSES Study, Friedman Jan M. , Lynd Larry D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveA key step in evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of diagnostic genome‐wide sequencing (GWS) services is to measure the cost of prior and subsequent diagnosis‐related health care resource utilization by patients. The majority of patients using diagnostic GWS services are children, and parental surveys are often used to complement utilization data abstracted from medical records. The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of parental reports for children with very high levels of resource utilization.MethodPrimary caregivers of children enrolled in the CAUSES Research Clinic, a diagnostic GWS programme at B.C. Children's Hospital, completed an online survey. Parent‐reported health care encounters for the 6‐month period prior to survey completion were compared to utilization data abstracted from electronic medical records (EMR). The association between demographic characteristics and the probability of survey completion was tested using logistic regression. Agreement between parent‐reported and EMR data was evaluated using Cohen's kappa, prevalence‐ and bias‐adjusted kappa (PABAK), and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThere were no major differences in demographic characteristics or resource utilization levels between families that completed the survey and those who did not. Agreement between parental reports and EMR data was high for hospitalizations (κ = 0.71; PABAK = 0.89; ICC = 0.77) but lower for outpatient physician visits (κ = 0.21; PABAK = 0.48; ICC = 0.27).ConclusionsParental surveys are a valuable tool for estimating health care resource utilization during a 6‐month recall period for children with suspected genetic disorders but are best used to complement utilization data collected from other sources.
The Government Spending Multiplier in a (Mis)Managed Liquidity Trap
Authors: ROULLEAU‐PASDELOUP JORDAN 
Published: April 2018

AbstractI study the impact of a government spending shock in a New Keynesian model when monetary policy is set optimally. In this framework, the economy is at the zero lower bound but expectations are well managed by the central bank. As such, the multiplier effect of government spending increases on expected inflation is close to zero while the one on output can be larger than one. This is consistent with recent empirical evidence on the effects of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.
Durable Goods, Investment Shocks, and the Comovement Problem
Authors: CHEN BEEN‐LON , LIAO SHIAN‐YU 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSticky‐price models suggest that capital investment shocks are an important driver of business cycle fluctuations. Despite quantitative importance in explaining business cycles, a comovement problem emerges because the shocks generate intertemporal substitution effects away from consumption toward investment. This paper resolves the problem by extending the standard sticky‐price model to a two‐sector model with consumer durable services. When durable goods are used as investment in capital and consumer durables, positive capital investment shocks also generate intratemporal substitution effects away from consumer durable services toward nondurable consumption that dominates intertemporal effects. Consequently, consumption increases, and the comovement problem is resolved.
The Credit Channel at the Zero Lower Bound through the Lens of Equity Prices
Authors: WU WENBIN 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study examines the impact of unconventional monetary policies on the stock market when the short‐term nominal interest rate is stuck at the zero lower bound (ZLB). Unconventional monetary policies appear to have significant effects on stock prices and the effects differ across stocks. In agreement with existing credit channel theories, I find that firms subject to financial constraints react more strongly to unconventional monetary policy shocks [especially large‐scale asset purchases (LSAPs)] than do less constrained firms. These results imply that the credit channel is as important as the interest rate channel in the transmission of unconventional monetary policies at the ZLB.
Leadership and Social Transformation: The Role of Marginalized Individuals and Groups
Authors: Rast David E. , Hogg Michael A. , Randsley de Moura Georgina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLeadership is a process of influence, an omnipresent feature of human societies, and an enduring focus of research and popular interest. Research tends to focus on individual and situational factors facilitating effective leadership and identifying obstacles to leadership. One key obstacle many leaders face it being stigmatized as an outsider who is not suited to leadership. This article and issue of the Journal of Social Issues focuses on how and when people can overcome these obstacles to leadership–the emergence of marginalized, deviant, or minority group members as leaders even when their success is unexpected. This article and issue discuss the challenges these leaders face and identifies conditions under which such leaders can exert influence to achieve social change. We cover various forms of marginal leadership, focusing on leaders who are marginal individuals (e.g., non‐prototypical leaders), who belong to marginal minority subgroups (e.g., leaders from numerical minority groups), or who have marginal demographic status (e.g., female leaders). This article introduces and frames the subsequent articles in this issue of the Journal of Social Issues, on the psychology of being a marginal leader.
Deviance Credit: Tolerance of Deviant Ingroup Leaders is Mediated by Their Accrual of Prototypicality and Conferral of Their Right to Be Supported
Authors: Abrams Dominic , Travaglino Giovanni A. , Marques José M. , Pinto Isabel , Levine John M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLeaders often deviate from group norms or social conventions, sometimes innovating and sometimes engaging in serious transgressions or illegality. We propose that group members are prone to be more permissive toward both forms of deviance in the case of ingroup leaders compared to other ingroup members or outgroup members and leaders. This granting of “deviance credit” is hypothesized to be underpinned by perceptions of an ingroup leader's prototypicality of the group (“accrual”) and belief that occupancy of the role confers a right to be supported (“conferral”). Analyses of data from four studies demonstrate that both accrual and conferral (1) mediate evaluations, inclusion and punishment of deviant leaders, and (2) they make independent contributions to deviance credit. Implications for leadership, marginalization, corruption, innovation, and transformation are discussed.
When Leaders are in the Numerical Majority or Minority: Differential Effects on Problem‐Solving
Authors: Martin Robin , Thomas Geoff , Hewstone Miles , Gardikiotis Antonis 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTwo experiments examined the effect a leader has when supported by a numerical majority or minority. In both experiments, participants read a team problem‐solving scenario where a solution was supported by either a numerical majority or minority of the team. In some conditions, the team leader also supported the same solution as the majority or minority in other conditions the leader did not. When the leader was supported by the majority, its solution was rated as more favorable by participants than when supported by either the leader or majority on its own. When the leader was supported by the minority, its solution was rated as either less favorable or equally favorable than when supported by the leader or minority on its own. However, when the leader was supported by the minority participants rated an alternative (better) solution that was not discussed by the leader, as more favorable. These findings indicate that leadership endorsement results in greater compliance to a majority‐endorsed position but to more elaboration, and better decision‐making, to a minority‐endorsed position. The policy implications of this research for the role of leaders in team decision‐making are discussed.
Qualitative and quantitative detection of chicken deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in dry dog foods
Authors: Hołda K. , Natonek‐Wiśniewska M. , Krzyścin P. , Głogowski R. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryChicken is a common protein source in pet foods and is concurrently listed among food allergens. Commercial over‐the‐counter (OTC) diets with an alternative animal protein source are considered suitable for dietary elimination trials by pet owners. The potential presence of undeclared chicken‐derived ingredients in these diets can compromise the outcome of the trial during the diagnosis of adverse food reactions. The aim of this study was to selectively verify the absence or presence of chicken DNA in 10 OTC dry canine foods, using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The method of identification of chicken‐derived protein was elaborated with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, whereas quantitative real‐time PCR was used for the quantitative assessment. In most of the analysed samples, the chicken DNA was detectable; however, the quantified amounts were predominantly low, although differences between batches were observed.
Effect of a montmorillonite‐bentonite‐based product on faecal parameters of horses
Authors: Gerstner K. , Liesegang A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryFree faecal water (fluid excreted separate from normal faeces) is a common problem of unknown origin in horses. Multifactorial causes are assumed. This study assessed the effect of a commercial product (EMP) sold to help support intestinal health of horses, particularly regarding the occurrence of free faecal water. The hypothesis was that water‐binding capacity and microbial activity are improved in the large intestine of horses fed EMP. EMP contained montmorillonite–bentonite, whey and extracts from hop and absinthium. Eight adult and healthy horses kept on the same diet and bedding were additionally fed EMP. In a complete crossover study design, all horses participated as control (C) and as test animal receiving EMP (E). Faecal score was assessed. Faecal samples were analysed for pH, ammonia, dry matter content (DM), crude fibre (CF), soxhlet fat (SF), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs). None of the assessed parameters measured in the faeces showed a significant treatment effect. This study was conducted in healthy horses without any gastrointestinal disorders. VFA analysis did not show treatment effects. However, apparent higher variability in CP in the faeces of E might be a hint for changes in the intestinal microbiota. Further studies and analysis of additional parameters for example the differentiation of the faecal microbial profile in horses susceptible to free faecal water are necessary to evaluate the effect of EMP.
Analysis of the genomic basis of functional diversity in dinoflagellates using a transcriptome‐based sequence similarity network
Authors: Meng Arnaud , Corre Erwan , Probert Ian , Gutierrez‐Rodriguez Andres , Siano Raffaele , Annamale Anita , Alberti Adriana , Da Silva Corinne , Wincker Patrick , Le Crom Stéphane , Not Fabrice , Bittner Lucie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDinoflagellates are one of the most abundant and functionally diverse groups of eukaryotes. Despite an overall scarcity of genomic information for dinoflagellates, constantly emerging high‐throughput sequencing resources can be used to characterize and compare these organisms. We assembled de novo and processed 46 dinoflagellate transcriptomes and used a sequence similarity network (SSN) to compare the underlying genomic basis of functional features within the group. This approach constitutes the most comprehensive picture to date of the genomic potential of dinoflagellates. A core‐predicted proteome composed of 252 connected components (CCs) of putative conserved protein domains (pCDs) was identified. Of these, 206 were novel and 16 lacked any functional annotation in public databases. Integration of functional information in our network analyses allowed investigation of pCDs specifically associated with functional traits. With respect to toxicity, sequences homologous to those of proteins found in species with toxicity potential (e.g., sxtA4 and sxtG) were not specific to known toxin‐producing species. Although not fully specific to symbiosis, the most represented functions associated with proteins involved in the symbiotic trait were related to membrane processes and ion transport. Overall, our SSN approach led to identification of 45,207 and 90,794 specific and constitutive pCDs of, respectively, the toxic and symbiotic species represented in our analyses. Of these, 56% and 57%, respectively (i.e., 25,393 and 52,193 pCDs), completely lacked annotation in public databases. This stresses the extent of our lack of knowledge, while emphasizing the potential of SSNs to identify candidate pCDs for further functional genomic characterization.
Hydrogen peroxide production and myo‐inositol metabolism as important traits for virulence ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Authors: Ferrarini Mariana Galvão , Mucha Scheila Gabriele , Parrot Delphine , Meiffrein Guillaume , Ruggiero Bachega Jose Fernando , Comte Gilles , Zaha Arnaldo , Sagot Marie‐France 
Published: April 2018

SummaryMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeis the causative agent of enzootic pneumonia. In our previous work, we reconstructed the metabolic models of this species along with two other mycoplasmas from the respiratory tract of swine:Mycoplasma hyorhinis, considered less pathogenic but which nonetheless causes disease andMycoplasma flocculare, a commensal bacterium. We identified metabolic differences that partially explained their different levels of pathogenicity. One important trait was the production of hydrogen peroxide from the glycerol metabolism only in the pathogenic species. Another important feature was a pathway for the metabolism of myo‐inositol inM. hyopneumoniae. Here, we tested these traits to understand their relation to the different levels of pathogenicity, comparing not only the species but also pathogenic and attenuated strains ofM. hyopneumoniae. Regarding the myo‐inositol metabolism, we show that onlyM. hyopneumoniaeassimilated this carbohydrate and remained viable when myo‐inositol was the primary energy source. Strikingly, only the two pathogenic strains ofM. hyopneumoniaeproduced hydrogen peroxide in complex medium. We also show that this production was dependent on the presence of glycerol. Although further functional tests are needed, we present in this work two interesting metabolic traits ofM. hyopneumoniaethat might be directly related to its enhanced virulence.
Neologicism, Frege's Constraint, and the Frege‐Heck Condition
Authors: Snyder Eric , Samuels Richard , Shapiro Stewart 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOne of the more distinctive features of Bob Hale and Crispin Wright's neologicism about arithmetic is their invocation of Frege's Constraint – roughly, the requirement that the core empirical applications for a class of numbers be “built directly into” their formal characterization. In particular, they maintain that, if adopted, Frege's Constraint adjudicates in favor of their preferred foundation – Hume's Principle – and against alternatives, such as the Dedekind‐Peano axioms. In what follows we establish two main claims. First, we show that, if sound, Hale and Wright's arguments for Frege's Constraint at most establish a version on which the relevant application of the naturals is transitive counting – roughly, the counting procedure by which numerals are used to answer “how many”‐questions. Second, we show that this version of Frege's Constraint fails to adjudicate in favor of Hume's Principle. If this is the version of Frege's Constraint that a foundation for arithmetic must respect, then Hume's Principle no more – and no less – meets the requirement than the Dedekind‐Peano axioms do.
Dietary and nondietary determinants of nutritional status among adolescent girls and adult women in India
Authors: Radhika Madhari S. , Swetha Boddula , Kumar B. Naveen , Krishna N. Bala , Laxmaiah Avula 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdolescence appears to be the next available critical period to improve inadequacies in nutrition, growth, and development from childhood. In this analysis, we describe the dietary and nondietary determinants of nutritional status among adolescent girls and adult women residing in rural areas of India. We used data pertaining to 3930 adolescents (10–19 years) and 11,058 adult women (20–49 years) from the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau Survey, 2011–2012 database. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to understand the effects of various individual‐ and household‐level determinants of thinness and underweight among adolescents and adult women, respectively. Almost one‐third of the adolescents and adult women were undernourished. Factors other than dietary adequacy and diversity had a greater impact on undernutrition in both the adolescents and adult women. The nondietary determinants (e.g., higher age group, higher household wealth status, access to improved water, better maternal work status, and living in better type of houses) predicted good nutritional status in the adolescent girls. In addition, the women's own higher education and household occupation status and better sanitation facilities improved undernutrition in adult women. Therefore, India needs multipronged strategies along with dietary interventions and effective implementation programs to achieve good health and well‐being of adolescents and adult women.
Heredity of phenylpropenes in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) chemotypes and their distribution within an F2 population
Authors: Dudai Nativ , Li Guopeng , Shachter Alona , Belanger Faith , Chaimovitsh David 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhenylpropenes play an important role in plant defense against animals and microorganisms, and in attracting pollinators and insects. We report the genetic inheritance of methyl chavicol and eugenol following a cross between the sweet basil varieties ‘Perrie’ and ‘Cardinal,’ eugenol and methyl chavicol chemotypes, respectively. Methyl chavicol was detected only in ‘Cardinal,’ accounting for more than 95% of the total phenylpropenes. Eugenol was most abundant in ‘Perrie,’ accounting for more than 99% of the total phenylpropenes. Eugenol, chavicol and methyl chavicol were detected in F1 hybrids at intermediate levels (10%–52%) without statistical differences (p > .05) for any compound among the F1 progeny arising from the different crossed pairs. The F2 progeny segregated into three groups, 23%–25% to a eugenol chemotype, 23%–25% to a methyl chavicol chemotype, and the remaining (~50%) into an intermediate mixture of the two compounds. This distribution fitted a segregation ratio of 1:2:1 (χ2 = 1.71; p = .4249), suggesting that the phenylpropene phenotype is regulated by a single bi‐allelic gene with incomplete dominance. A putative association with biosynthesis enzymes is discussed.
Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in a neonatal kidney donor
Authors: Martinez‐Lopez Sonsoles , Wijetunga Imeshi , Ecuyer Clare , Ahmad Niaz 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEKT from neonatal donors remains rare despite successful outcome being reported. The surgical aspects of neonatal abdominal organ recovery remain unfamiliar to the vast majority of abdominal organ recovery teams and renal transplant surgeons. BAH is not uncommon in newborn babies suffering distress in the perinatal period. BAH is often also associated with RVT and will impact on utilization of kidneys for transplantation. We present a case of a neonatal kidney donor with massive BAHs discovered at the time of organ recovery. This made the procurement challenging. Both kidneys were recovered en bloc with pancreas and the liver with aorta and inferior vena cave as vascular conduits. The kidneys were successfully implanted into an adult recipient with good function at 1‐year follow‐up. Association between adrenal hemorrhage and RVT needs to be considered before utilizing such kidneys. This case exemplifies successful outcome after careful assessment and transplantation of such kidneys.