bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High levels of PIWI‐interacting RNAs are present in the small RNA landscape of prostate epithelium from vitamin D clinical trial specimens
Authors: Baumann Bethany , Lugli Giovanni , Gao Shang , Zenner Morgan , Nonn Larisa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D, a hormone that acts through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), upregulates antitumorigenic microRNA in prostate epithelium. This may contribute to the lower levels of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) observed in patients with high serum vitamin D. The small noncoding RNA (ncRNA) landscape includes many other RNA species that remain uncharacterized in prostate epithelium and their potential regulation by vitamin D is unknown.MethodsLaser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by small‐RNA sequencing was used to identify ncRNAs in the prostate epithelium of tissues from a vitamin D‐supplementation trial. VDR chromatin immunoprecipitation‐sequencing was performed to identify vitamin D genomic targets in primary prostate epithelial cells.ResultsIsolation of epithelium by LCM increased sample homogeneity and captured more diversity in ncRNA species compared with publicly available small‐RNA sequencing data from benign whole prostate. An abundance of PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) was detected in normal prostate epithelium. The obligate binding partners of piRNAs, PIWI‐like (PIWIL) proteins, were also detected in prostate epithelium. High prostatic vitamin D levels were associated with increased expression of piRNAs. VDR binding sites were located near several ncRNA biogenesis genes and genes regulating translation and differentiation.ConclusionsBenign prostate epithelium expresses both piRNA and PIWIL proteins, suggesting that these small ncRNA may serve an unknown function in the prostate. Vitamin D may increase the expression of prostatic piRNAs. VDR binding sites in primary prostate epithelial cells are consistent with its reported antitumorigenic functions and a role in ncRNA biogenesis.
Synthesis of Tertiary Aromatic Amides from Tertiary Benzylamines via TBAI/TBHP‐Mediated C‐N‐Bond Cleavage
Authors: Dai Feiyang , Yang Yuhang , Gu Jiajia , Fang Zheng , Yang Zhao , Liu Chengkou , He Wei , Zhu Ning , Lu Bushi , Guo Kai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA novel method of the synthesis of tertiary aromatic amides from tertiary benzylamines with high atom utilization has been developed. The reaction undergoes a different mechanism, which is divided into two parts: firstly tertiary amine is decomposed (into benzaldehyde and secondary amine) via TBAI/TBHP–mediated C−N bond cleavage, then tertiary amide is generated through the oxidative amidation of the intermediates products (benzaldehyde and secondary amine). These two parts of reaction are integrated into a single operation, which provides moderate to excellent yields with a wide suabstrate scope.
Regioselective Synthesis, Molecular Descriptors of (1,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazolyl)Coumarin/Quinolone Derivatives and Their Docking Studies against Cancer Targets
Authors: Ansary Inul , Roy Hiren , Das Arijit , Mitra Debanjan , Bandyopadhyay Amal Kumar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA series of (1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazolyl)coumarin/quinolone derivatives (tcd and tqd) have been synthesized in good to excellent yields via Ag2O NPs catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions. We then tested the drug‐likeness of tcd and tqd by analyzing molecular descriptors. Rational drug design showed that these derivatives indeed are potential anticancer agents against tankyrases.
Synthesis, Hydrolysis, Reduction and Nitrolysis of Glycoluril‐Derived Precursors: Another Attempt toward the Synthesis of Nitramine Explosives
Authors: Liu Wenjin , Xu Zhibin , Wang Rui , Zhang Chenfan , Yan Qiaoli , Meng Zihui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new glycoluril derivative‐1H, 4H, 5H, 8H‐2, 3a, 4a, 6, 7a, 8a‐hexaazacyclopenta[def]fluorene‐4, 8‐dione, hexahydro‐2, 6‐bis(phenylmethyl) (3) is strategically designed and synthesized through the reaction between glycoluril, formaldehyde and benzylamine with the optimized molar ratio of 1:6:2. Compound 3 is fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, MS and X‐ray single crystal diffraction. Reduction of compound 3 delivers a potential precursor‐imidazo[4, 5‐d]imidazole, octahydro‐hexahydro‐2, 6‐bis(phenylmethyl) (4) for the synthesis of novel nitramine explosives (i.e. bicyclo‐HMX and bi‐RDX). The nitration and hydrolysis of compound 4 are investigated in detail and three ring‐opened molecules N, 2, 4‐trinitro‐benzenemethanamine (8a), N, 2‐dinitro‐benzenemethanamine (8b) and N‐methylene‐benzenemethanamine (9) are obtained.
Degradation of 4‐chlorophenol by BM Fe/Cu‐O2 system: The symbiosis of and ·OH radicals
Authors: Fan Jinhong , Qin Hehe , Zhang Yunfei , Jiang Simin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, Fe/Cu bimetal composite was prepared by high‐energy ball milling (BM) method for the removal of refractory organics. The BM Fe/Cu bimetal was characterized by SEM‐EDS, XRD, and XPS. Evenly distributed Fe and Cu was observed in the EDS mapping. In contrasting experiments, the removal rate of 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) by BM Fe/Cu materials was about 10‐fold faster than that by chemical substitution deposition (CSD) of Fe/Cu material. Complete 4‐CP removal and 66.7% of total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization in the BM Fe/Cu–O2 system were achieved. Dissolved oxygen plays a crucial role for 4‐CP degradation through the in situ generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2, ·OH, and via oxygen activation reactions. The predominant reactive radicals were identified to be and ·OH through ESR technique and inhibition experiments. The coexistence of oxidation and reduction of 4‐CP in the BM Fe/Cu‐O2 system was proposed.Practitioner points

4‐CP removal rate by BM Fe/Cu is 10‐fold faster than that by CSD Fe/Cu at the same conditions.

Complete 4‐CP removal and 66.7% of TOC reduction were achieved.

All three ROS including ·OH, , and H2O2 coexisted in the BM Fe/Cu‐O2 system.

A harmonious coexistence of oxidation and reduction mechanism was proposed.
Two-year follow-up of the OptiTrain randomised controlled exercise trial
Authors: Bolam Kate A. , Mijwel Sara , Rundqvist Helene , Wengström Yvonne 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine if there were any differences in health-related outcomes and physical activity (PA) between the two OptiTrain exercise groups and usual care (UC), 2 years post-baseline.

Methods
The OptiTrain study was a three-arm randomised controlled trial comparing 16 weeks of concurrent aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and progressive resistance exercise (RT-HIIT) or concurrent HIIT and continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (AT-HIIT) to UC in 206 patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Eligible participants were approached 2 years following baseline to assess cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, symptoms, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass, PA, sedentary behaviour, and sick leave.

Results
The RT-HIIT group reported lower total cancer-related fatigue, (− 1.37, 95% CI − 2.70, − 0.04, ES = − 0.06) and cognitive cancer-related fatigue (− 1.47, 95% CI − 2.75, − 0.18, ES = − 0.28), and had higher lower limb muscle strength (12.09, 95% CI 3.77, 20.40, ES = 0.52) than UC at 2 years. The AT-HIIT group reported lower total symptoms (− 0.23, 95% CI − 0.42, − 0.03, ES = − 0.15), symptom burden (− 0.30, 95% CI − 0.60, − 0.01, ES = − 0.19), and body mass − 2.15 (− 3.71, − 0.60, ES = − 0.28) than UC at 2 years.

Conclusion
At 2 years, the exercise groups were generally experiencing positive differences in cancer-related fatigue (RT-HIIT), symptoms (AT-HIIT), and muscle strength (RT-HIIT) to UC. The findings provide novel evidence that being involved in an exercise program during chemotherapy can have long-term benefits for women with breast cancer, but that strategies are needed to create better pathways to support patients to maintain physical activity levels.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT02522260. Trial registered on 9 June 2015. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02522260. Retrospectively registered.
Hybrid institutions in the national security constitution: the case of the Commissioners
Authors: Scott Paul F 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes the concept of a ‘hybrid institution’, defined with reference to certain institutions within the UK's constitutional order which provide oversight of national security processes. It focuses in particular on the Commissioners who have overseen and oversee the use of investigatory powers and the work of the intelligence services. These institutions, as was once said of another hybrid institution – the Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation – are designed in order to operate within situations in which ‘potential conflicts between state power and civil liberties are acute, but information is tightly rationed’. They are ‘hybrid’ institutions in that they marry certain of the features characteristic of political institutions with others characteristic of legal institutions. The paper considers the relevant institutions and the role they play within the national security constitution, showing how their hybrid status facilitates the performance of a function which neither fully legal nor fully political institutions could fulfil.
The Space of the University: Time, and Time Again
Authors: Sanders Mark 
Published: March 2019

AbstractScholarly analyses of the South African hashtag campus movements of 2015–2016, #RhodesMustFall and #FeesMustFall, have evaluated them in terms of their success in bringing about political change in a linear causal fashion. Through a reading of Thando Mgqolozana’s novel, Unimportance (2014), the history of the University of the Western Cape, as well as scholarly commentary on #RMF and #FMF, this article argues that an attention to the cyclicality of time as it unfolds within the space of the university is crucial for properly understanding the events of 2015–2016.
Scoping review: occupational therapy interventions in primary care
Authors: Bolt Marije , Ikking Tiska , Baaijen Rosa , Saenger Stephanie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis is the second article in a series of two about occupational therapy and primary care. The first article (see PH&RD….) described the position of the profession in primary care across Europe and the scope of the profession. In this article the broad scope of the profession is illustrated with various examples of occupational therapy interventions. The interventions are identified by means of a literature search. A questionnaire (the questionnaire is available by mailing the author) was sent out to experts across Europe which resulted in both relevant literature and evidence-based examples. The evidence level of these examples differs from expert opinion (5), case series (4), case–controlled studies (3), cohort studies (2) and randomized-control trial (1). The article ends with recommendations in four areas how to develop, establish or strengthen the profession in primary care.
Overview of the Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling Sounding Rocket 2 (RENU2)
Authors: Lessard Marc R. , Fritz Bruce , Sadler Brent , Cohen Ian , Kenward David , Godbole Niharika , Clemmons James H. , Hecht James H. , Lynch Kristina A. , Harrington Meghan , Roberts Thomas M. , Hysell David , Crowley Geoff , Sigernes Fred , Syrjäsuo Mikko , Ellingsen Pål , Partamies Noora , Moen Jøran , Clausen Lasse , Oksavik Kjellmar , Yeoman Timothy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling 2 (RENU2) rocket was launched on 13 December 2015 at 07:34 UT. The payload transited the cusp region during a neutral upwelling event, supported by a comprehensive set of onboard and ground‐based instrumentation. RENU2 data highlight two important processes. One is that a proper understanding of neutral upwelling by Poleward Moving Auroral Forms (PMAFs) requires a treatment that mimics the quasiperiodic passage of a sequence of PMAFs. As a PMAF reaches a flux tube, its physical consequences must be determined including the residual history of effects from previous passages, implying that understanding such a process requires an accounting of the system hysteresis. Second, RENU2 observations suggest that neutral density enhancements driven by precipitation and/or Joule heating can be highly structured in altitude and latitude. In addition, timescales involving neutral dynamics suggest that the structuring must be slowly changing, for example, over the course of 10 to tens of minutes.
Ceres Crater Degradation Inferred From Concentric Fracturing
Authors: Otto K. A. , Marchi S. , Trowbridge A. , Melosh H. J. , Sizemore H. G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe dwarf planet Ceres exhibits a collection of craters that possess concentric fractures beyond the crater rim. These fractures typically range from a few hundred meters to a few kilometers in length and are less than 300 m wide. They occur preferentially on elevated regions around the crater and are located less than a crater radius beyond the rim. In total there are 17 craters exhibiting concentric fracturing beyond the rim. They are located in the midlatitudes. The craters' diameters range between 20 and 270 km. We investigate the concentric fractures of three craters (Azacca, Ikapati, and Occator) in detail and suggest that the formation of such concentric fractures can be explained by a shallow (<10‐km) low‐viscosity (~1020‐Pa·s) subsurface layer extending underneath the crater and its surroundings. Finite element modeling of such a scenario applied to a typical concentrically fractured crater of 50‐km diameter implies that the depth of the low‐viscosity layer is comparable to the crater depth and the layer does not extend to the surface. Given that not every crater of comparable size on Ceres exhibits concentric fractures, it is also suggested that these conditions are only met locally and may be related to the surface temperature. Correlations of concentrically fractured craters with other volatile related features, such as pitted terrains and floor fracturing, suggest that the low‐viscosity subsurface layer may be enriched in ice.
In der Sandwich-Position
Authors: Grasekamp Guido 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDas mittlere Pflegemanagement in der Pflege ist mit einer strukturell
vorgegebenen Doppelaufgabe konfrontiert: Sie sind Manager und sie sind
Pflegekräfte. Das führt auf Station oft zu widersprüchlichen Anforderungen.
Szenen eines deutsch-deutschen Trialoges – Wie politisch ist das Ringen um Salutogenese?
Authors: Schüffel Wolfram , Geyer Michael , Petzold Ernst 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungStriving for Salutogenesis1 das Ringen um das, was uns gesund erhalten kann, beschäftigt Patienten, Studenten Ärzte und auch die Autoren seit vielen Jahren – auch und immer wieder in der Balintarbeit. Im vorliegenden Beitrag führt dieses Ringen folgerichtig dazu, weltanschaulich-anthropologische Positionen des Anderen zu verstehen und ihnen zu entsprechen. Dafür steht exemplarisch ein Briefwechsel zwischen W. Schüffel und M. Geyer, den E.R. Petzold einleitet und kommentiert. Die drei Autoren sind in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Systemen sozialisiert. Insofern sind die differenten Erfahrungshorizonte bestimmend für die Bewertung der Gefährdung unserer Arbeit durch aktuelle gesellschaftliche Strömungen. Einig sind sich die Autoren im Appell an die Profession, Einfluss zu nehmen auf die Verhältnisse, die uns und unsere Patienten stärker beeinflussen als wahrgenommen. Gleichzeitig verweisen sie detailliert auf eine reichhaltige Erfahrung innerhalb und ausserhalb der Profession, Gesundheit zu fördern.
Enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in NKT cells is essential for their survival and function
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Pyaram Kalyani , Yarosz Emily L. , Hong Hanna , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Giri Shailendra , Chang Cheong-Hee 
Published: March 2019

SignificanceThe role of cellular metabolism in conventional T cell fate and functions has been established, but little is understood about how metabolic pathways and nutrient requirements are controlled in natural killer T (NKT) cells. The present study shows that, unlike CD4 T cells, activation of NKT cells metabolize glucose to the pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle instead of converting into lactate. In line with this, a high lactate microenvironment is detrimental for NKT cell homeostasis and effector function. Glucose metabolism and IFN-γ expression is increased in NKT cells in response to bacterial infection. Taking these data together, our study demonstrates unique glucose metabolic regulation necessary for NKT cell survival, proliferation and cytokine expression.
An approach to determining anthocyanin synthesis enzyme gene expression in an evolutionary context: an example from Erica plukenetii
Authors: Le Maitre N C , Pirie M D , Bellstedt D U 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Floral colour in angiosperms can be controlled by variations in the expression of the genes of the anthocyanin pathway. Floral colour shifts influence pollinator specificity. Multiple shifts in floral colour occurred in the diversification of the genus Erica (Ericaceae), from plesiomorphic pink to, for example, red or white flowers. Variation in anthocyanin gene expression and its effects on floral colour in the red-, pink- and white-flowered Erica plukenetii species complex was investigated.

Methods
Next generation sequencing, reverse transcriptase PCR and real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR were used to quantify anthocyanin gene expression.

Key Results
Non-homologous mutations causing loss of expression of single genes were found, indicating that the cause was likely to be mutations in transcription factor binding sites upstream of the 5′-untranslated region of the genes, and this was confirmed by sequencing.

Conclusions
Independent evolution and subsequent loss of expression of anthocyanin genes may have influenced diversification in the E. plukenetii species complex. The approach developed here should find more general application in studies on the role of floral colour shifts in diversification.
Assessment of the Performance of Solid Phase Extraction Based on Pipette Tip Employing a Hybrid Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as an Adsorbent for Enantioselective Determination of Albendazole Sulfoxide
Authors: Anacleto Sara da Silva , de Oliveira Hanna Leijoto , da Silva Anny Talita Maria , do Nascimento Tienne Aparecida , Borges Marcella Matos Cordeiro , Silva Ricky Cássio dos Santos , Pereira Arnaldo César , Borges Keyller Bastos 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Herein, an organic–inorganic hybrid molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was successfully synthesized with albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) as a template and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, a bifunctional group compound, as a single cross-linking agent. In this study, a simple method using HPLC–DAD was developed for the determination of ABZSO enantiomers in human urine using pipette tip-based molecularly imprinted polymer solid phase extraction (PT–MIP–SPE). Enantioseparation with satisfactory retention times (5.17 and 7.09 min), acceptable theoretical plates (N = 4,535 and 5,091) and strong resolution (Rs = 5.45) was performed with an Agilent® Eclipse Plus C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) coupled with a Chiralpak® IA column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm), a mixture with ethanol:water (50:50, v/v) as the mobile phase, temperature at 40°C, flow rate at 0.9 mL min−1 and λ = 230 nm. Thereafter, certain parameters affecting the PT–MIP–SPE were investigated in detail and the better conditions were: 300 μL of water as washing solvent, 500 μL of ethanol:acetic acid (9:1, v/v) as eluting solvent, 20 mg of MIP, 500 μL of human urine at pH 9 and no addition of NaCl. Recoveries/relative standard deviation (RSD%) for (R)-(+)-ABZSO and (S)-(−)-ABZSO were 78.2 ± 0.2% and 69.7 ± 1.7%, respectively.
Benefits and Adverse Events Associated With Extended Antibiotic Use in Total Knee Arthroplasty Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Shah Neel B , Hersh Beverly L , Kreger Alex , Sayeed Aatif , Bullock Andrew G , Rothenberger Scott D , Klatt Brian , Hamlin Brian , Urish Kenneth L 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) can be managed with debridement, antibiotic therapy, and implant retention (DAIR). Oral antibiotics can be used after DAIR for an extended time period to improve outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare DAIR failure rates and adverse events between an initial course of intravenous antibiotic therapy and the addition of extended treatment with oral antibiotics.MethodsA multicenter observational study of patients diagnosed with a TKA PJI who underwent DAIR was performed. The primary outcome of interest was the failure rate derived from the survival time between the DAIR procedure and future treatment failure.ResultsOne hundred eight patients met inclusion criteria; 47% (n = 51) received an extended course of oral antibiotics. These patients had a statistically significant lower failure rate compared to those who received only intravenous antibiotics (hazard ratio, 2.47; P = .009). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that extended antibiotics independently predicted treatment success, controlling for other variables. There was no significant difference in failure rates between an extended course of oral antibiotics less or more than 12 months (P = .23). No significant difference in the rates of adverse events was observed between patients who received an initial course of antibiotics alone and those who received a combination of initial and extended antibiotic therapy (P = .59).ConclusionsExtending therapy with oral antibiotics had superior infection-free survival for TKA PJI managed with DAIR. There was no increase in adverse events, demonstrating safety. After 1 year, there appears to be no significant benefit associated with continued antibiotic therapy.
The Impact of Transitioning From Guaiac-Fecal Occult Blood Testing to Fecal Immunochemical Testing in a Canadian Colon Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Sultanian Richard , Du Lillian , Moysey Barbara , Morse Amy , Veldhuyzen van Zanten Sander , Montano-Loza Aldo J 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the impact of transitioning from guaiac-based fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT) to fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) on the detection rate of adenomas, advanced adenomas (AA) and colorectal cancer (CRC).

Background
Recently, the health region in Edmonton, Alberta switched from gFOBT to FIT for CRC screening.

Study
A retrospective analysis of all patients, aged 50 to 74 years, referred for colonoscopy from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014 due to a positive gFOBT (at least one of three samples positively using the guaiac-based Hemoccult II SENSA in 2013) or FIT (≥75 µg/g of stool, using the Polymedco OC FIT-CHEK in 2014). The primary outcomes were the number of colon cancers, AA and adenomas detected in 2013 and 2014. A comparison between the two tests was also made for the composite outcome of detection of either AA or CRC.

Results
Six hundred and forty-nine patients underwent colonoscopy due to a positive gFOBT in 2013, and 2167 patients for a positive FIT in 2014. FIT compared with gFOBT detected more CRC (67 compared with 34), AA (770 compared with 147) and adenomas (1575 versus 320). By multivariable regression analysis adjusted for different demographics and endoscopic metrics, positive FIT was independently associated with higher adenoma detection rate (odds ratio [OR] 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13 to 3.21, P &lt; 0.001), AA detection rate (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.33, P &lt; 0.001), and the composite outcome of AA and CRC (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.59, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Adoption of FIT compared with gFOBT led to higher detection of colon cancer, AA and adenomas.