bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Intelligent Duty Cycle Forecasting and Optimized Clustering Algorithm for Improving Energy Efficiency in Multi-hop WSNs
Authors: Aravinthan N. , Geetha K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) rely on clustering for energy-efficient routing. This involves dividing networks into clusters and optimizing routing paths based on energy and distance. Various clustering routing algorithms have been developed, with the Sine Cosine method and Lévy mutation (SCA-Lévy) showing superior energy efficiency and network lifespan. However, this method can lead to Quality-of-Service (QoS) issues, such as increased delay in intra- and inter-cluster transmission as network capacity grows, and transmission range limitations in multi-hop WSNs. This results in an ineffective tradeoff between energy usage and delay. Therefore, this paper introduces the Intelligent Duty Cycle adapted SCA-Lévy Clustering (IDCSC) based routing algorithm for multi-hop WSN. At first, the SCA-Lévy algorithm is applied during the setup phase to create the WSN clusters and choose the optimal Cluster Head (CH) in each cluster based on the node’s residual energy and distance. Then, during the data transmission phase, a joint inter- and intra-cluster energy reduction strategy is proposed to select the multi-hop path for transmitting data from nodes to the Base Station (BS). For intra-cluster communication, this strategy involves implementing a Forecast-based Duty-Cycle Adaptation (FDCA) using the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model to minimize energy consumption based on the distance between CH and child nodes. For inter-cluster communication, the path with the lowest energy consumption is selected, resulting in low energy dissipation and delay in multi-hop WSNs. Finally, extensive simulations demonstrate that the IDCSC algorithm attains a greater QoS efficiency in contrast with the conventional clustering routing algorithms.
Evaporation of an aerosol plume from an inkjet printhead
Authors: Lefebvre Xavier , Robert Etienne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The size of aerosol droplets is a critical factor in evaluating the risks associated with airborne pathogen transmission, yet it is highly variable due to evaporation. Additionally, the close proximity of water droplets within an aerosol plume can slow their evaporation, thereby further complicating risk assessments. To investigate these complexities, a versatile experimental setup was developed using the XAAR XJ128 inkjet printhead to generate droplets of 50 μm in diameter for detailed evaporation characterization within a plume. The droplet evaporation process was monitored via Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA), which provided size distribution and velocity measurements at various positions along the vertical axis of the falling droplets. These experimental results were compared to a theoretical model for isolated droplet evaporation in quiescent air. Droplet number density significantly influenced evaporation, with measured evaporation rates in the plume, originally at a relative humidity of 30%, comparable to the theoretical model under 60-80% relative humidity when nearly all printhead nozzles were active. The effect of number density on evaporation was also analytically evaluated. Notably, the complete evaporation of droplets in this configuration could theoretically increase relative humidity up to 89% locally when all nozzles were used, while using about one-third of the nozzles resulted in a local relative humidity up to 33%. These insights underscore the importance of further investigating the evaporation dynamics of airborne aerosol droplets in the context of pathogen transmission. The use of an inkjet printhead demonstrates its significant potential for generating a controlled aerosol plume, offering a promising avenue for future research in this critical area.
High speed fs/ps-CARS thermometry for supersonic H2/air combustion studies
Authors: Pivard Clément , Scherman Michael , Santagata Rosa , Pilla Guillaume , Pelletier Guillaume , Pichon Thomas Le 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We present the results of a hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (fs/ps-CARS) thermometry campaign performed in a H2/air research supersonic scramjet combustor. In-situ vertical and horizontal temperature profiles were retrieved upstream and downstream the combustion zone. The repetition rate of the measurement was adjusted in order to optimize the signal to noise ratio of the CARS signal depending of the local turbulence of the flow. Near the flame front, single-shot measurements were demonstrated at kHz rate to catch the high-speed temperature fluctuations. In stationary zones downstream the combustion, up to 100 shots integration was performed in order to increase the precision of the measurement. This measurement campaign allowed to build a valuable experimental database for comparison with a 3D numerical unsteady computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation developed at ONERA. This work demonstrates the efficiency of hybrid fs/ps-CARS to perform single-shot kHz thermometry inside large-scale supersonic combustor.
Federated Learning and Data Mining based Botnet Attack Detection Framework for Internet of Things
Authors: Liyanage Kushan Sudheera Kalupahana , Gedara Madhuwantha Priyashan Lokuge Lehele , Arachchige Sanduni Pavithra Oruthota , Widanalage Tharindu Aththanayake Malwaththe , Gamage Chatum Aloj Sankalpa Wijethunga , Guruge Nadeesha Sandamali Gammana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) have resulted in numerous IoT devices, both standard and non-standard, being connected to the Internet. These devices have inherent vulnerabilities and are not patched or maintained well after deployment. This has created a wider threat surface due to the sheer number of devices present. Recently, botnet attacks exploited such weaknesses in IoT and carried out massive DDoS attacks on high profile targets. In this work, we propose a data mining and federated learning based solution to detect the individual attack stages in botnet attacks. The proposed solution extracts advanced features by mining anomalous patterns in network traffic using frequent itemset mining. Then, we use these features to train a distributed federated learning solution at gateways of networks while extracting the global distribution of attack patterns at a centralized security manager without violating user privacy. We carry out a set of experiments using OpenStack and a real IoT testbed to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution. The results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed privacy-preserving system is comparable to existing solutions that compromise user privacy.
Analysis and comparison of the trends in burden of ischemic heart disease in China and worldwide from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Ning Siming , Jin Yanan , Yang Yue , Yang Ruixia , Chen Yechao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to elucidate the trends in the burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in China from 1990 to 2021, stratified by gender and age. It encompasses a comprehensive analysis of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), including age-standardized rates, while also providing a comparative perspective against global data.
Methods
Utilizing open data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, this study analyzed the characteristics of IHD burden in China and globally, focusing on changes in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs. Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to calculate the annual average percentage change (AAPC) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI), facilitating a comparison of IHD burden differences between China and the global context across dimensions of gender, age, and time.
Results
From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of IHD in China increased from 315.31/100,000 to 365.67/100,000, while the global ASIR decreased from 419.54/100,000 to 372.90/100,000. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) in China rose from 2526.44/100,000 to 3042.35/100,000, whereas the global ASPR experienced a modest increase from 2904.72/100,000 to 2946.38/100,000. In terms of mortality, China's age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) climbed from 94.14/100,000 to 110.91/100,000, in contrast to the global ASMR, which declined from 158.90/100,000 to 108.73/100,000. Similarly, the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) rate in China rose from 1771.14/100,000 to 1856.51/100,000, while globally, the ASDR fell from 3107.61/100,000 to 2212.16/100,000. The AAPC for IHD burden in China was 0.50% for ASIR, 0.60% for ASPR, 0.49% for ASMR, and 0.11% for ASDR, compared to global changes of -0.38%, 0.03%, -1.20%, and − 1.08%, respectively. Age and gender were found to significantly influence IHD burden, with the rates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs generally increasing with age. Males bear a higher burden at younger ages, while the disease burden becomes more pronounced in females in older age groups.
Conclusion
From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized burden of IHD in China increased significantly, contrasting sharply with the global trends of declining ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR. Moreover, The burden of IHD increases markedly with age, with males experiencing a heavier burden at younger ages, whereas females surpass males in older age groups. These gender and age differences highlight the need for early interventions targeting high-risk behaviors in males, alongside focused cardiovascular health management in elderly females. More precise prevention and control strategies are essential to effectively reduce the overall burden of IHD.
Metabarcoding with Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies Provides Unique Insight into the Mycobiota of Tree Seeds
Authors: Mittelstrass Jana , Heinzelmann Renate , Eschen René , Hartmann Martin , Kupper Quirin , Schneider Salome , Prospero Simone , Franić Iva 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Culturing of fungi is labor-intensive and reveals limited diversity, while high-throughput sequencing of barcodes (i.e., metabarcoding) enables simultaneous detection of fungi from multiple environmental samples. Short-read metabarcoding, using for example Illumina platforms, provides high sequencing depths but results in many unidentified taxa. Long-read sequencing may improve species and genus assignments but encompasses lower sequencing depth, limiting diversity coverage. In this study, we assessed fungi in seeds of eleven angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species using traditional culturing, Illumina short-read metabarcoding, and Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read metabarcoding. We focused on seed-borne fungi as understanding their diversity and potential impacts on seedlings is crucial for securing plant health. We compared 1) the number and identity of fungal genera and species between metabarcoding approaches and traditional culturing and 2) fungal alpha- and beta-diversity between metabarcoding methods, considering different hosts and fungal lifestyles.Results In both short- and long-read metabarcoding datasets, similar numbers of fungal reads and operational taxonomic units were assigned to comparable numbers of fungal genera and species. About one-third of the identified genera were plant pathogens, followed by saprotrophs and endophytes. Culturing overall revealed fewer fungal genera, while most of the fungal reads in short-read metabarcoding datasets stemmed from cultured taxa. Long-read metabarcoding revealed lower per-sample diversity than short-read metabarcoding and distinct fungal communities. Host-dependent patterns in alpha- and beta-diversity were observed across all methods, with angiosperms harboring more fungal taxa than gymnosperms, and distinct community structuring across host tree groups and species, although the differences were stronger in short-read than long-read metabarcoding datasets.Conclusions Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies metabarcoding captured similar host-dependent diversity patterns despite observed differences in numbers and composition of fungi. Short-read metabarcoding might be optimal for fungal biodiversity studies due to higher sequencing depths and resultant breadth of diversity. As error rates decrease, reference databases expand, and throughput improves, long-read metabarcoding may become a strong candidate for future diagnostic studies of fungi. Traditional culturing captures most of the fungi from short-read metabarcoding and remains valuable for obtaining isolates for further research.
Aquagenic urticaria in a 6-month-old infant: a case report
Authors: Dasika Poojita , Patel Malina C. , Ramesh Manish 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Aquagenic urticaria (AU) is a rare form of physical urticaria that occurs upon exposure to water at any temperature. With fewer than 100 documented cases, AU displays a notable female predominance and typically manifests during puberty or shortly thereafter. While isolated occurrences are most common, rare instances of AU in children and familial cases have been reported in the literature, underscoring the need for further investigation into its etiology and pathophysiology.
Case presentation
A 6-month-old male infant presented with recurring pruritic wheals that developed shortly after contact with water unrelated to water temperature. The urticaria was primarily associated with baths and did not respond to cetirizine but showed significant improvement with diphenhydramine as a premedication. Due to socioeconomic factors, telemedicine visits were primarily utilized, with typical symptoms occurring following a home-based water provocation test. The patient also had a history of food allergies and eczema, alongside a family history of chronic urticaria, including a sibling who experienced similar symptoms at birth but outgrew them.
Conclusions
This unique case of AU at birth highlights significant diagnostic challenges due to its rarity in infants and the inability to communicate symptoms, further complicated by social determinants of health. An innovative home-based water provocation test conducted via telemedicine facilitated the diagnostic evaluation. The infant's particular responsiveness to diphenhydramine, rather than second-generation antihistamines, contributes to the distinct profile of AU. The family history of an affected sibling and other relatives with chronic urticaria, excluding aquagenic, suggests a potential genetic or epigenetic etiology. Although various theories on its pathogenesis exist, further research is crucial to fully understand the mechanisms at play and develop effective treatments for this poorly understood condition.
A Critical Analysis of Spoofing and Jamming Approaches in UAV Navigation
Authors: Meheretu Simegnew Eshetu , Nigussie Ethiopia , Gebremeskel Gebeyehu Belay , Hailesilassie Serkalem yikeber 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In the recent decade, there has been an exponential rise in the development and use of unmanned aerial vehicles in various industries. Inaccessible control, load capability, imagination, target, and secrecy drove the interest in unmanned aerial vehicles for various applications. UAVs' navigation and communication systems are becoming vulnerable to multiple security issues. The most serious concern about security threats emanates from GNSS systems; spoofing and jamming are common. In this paper, we have made an in-depth analysis using selected and recent peer-reviewed journals that seek to secure UAV navigation. Analyze. The gaps were addressed and summarized considering the root cause of GNSS-related challenges and promising research directions in the field of UAV navigation security.
Investigating Parameter Initialization Techniques in Variational Quantum Circuits
Authors: Cunningham Jack , Zhuang Jun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC)s have been widely explored to advance quantum circuits against classic models in various domains. Similar to classic machine-learning models, VQCs can be optimized through gradient-based approaches. However, the gradient of VQCs may dramatically vanish during the optimization process for various reasons. This issue, known as Barren Plateaus (BP)s, seriously hinders the advancement of quantum computing. To mitigate BPs, extensive efforts have been devoted to tackling this issue through different methods. In this work, we aim to investigate several circuit components through the lens of parameter initialization techniques. We study the performance and gradient variance of the different quantum circuit structures in combination with various initialization methods. This investigation will provide a better understanding of how the VQC structures behave under different initialization strategies for binary classification problems.
ADLM-stega: A Universal Adaptive TokenSelection Algorithm for Improving SteganographicText Quality via Information Entropy
Authors: Qin Zezheng , Sun Congcong , He Taiyi , He Yuke , Abdullah Azizol , Samian Normalia , Roslan Nuur Alifah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In the context of widespread global information sharing, information security andprivacy protection have become focal points. Steganographic systems enhanceinformation security by embedding confidential information into public carriers; however, existing generative text steganography methods face challenges inhandling the long-tail distribution of candidate word pools, which impacts theimperceptibility of steganographic information. This paper proposes a qualitycontrol theory for steganographic text generation based on information entropyconstraints, exploring the relationship between the imperceptibility of steganographic texts and information entropy. By controlling the information entropy of the candidate word pool within a specific range, we optimize the imperceptibilityof the steganographic text. We establish upper and lower bounds for information entropy and introduce an adaptive truncation method to balance semanticcoherence and lexical diversity. Experimental results demonstrate that reasonablycontrolling the candidate pool size and information entropy thresholds significantly enhances the quality and detection resistance of steganographic texts,showcasing broad application potential in the field of natural language processing.
Fertility Transition Across Major Sub-Saharan African Cities: The Role of Proximate Determinants
Authors: Mekonnen Yared , Telake Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Sub-Saharan Africa’s fertility transition has lagged behind other regions despite rapid urbanization, resulting in persistently high fertility rates. Studies on fertility transitions in African cities remain scarce. This study examines the stages of fertility transition across major sub-Saharan African cities and analyzes the impact of key proximate determinants on fertility rate differences among these major cities.
Methods
This analysis used Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 19 cities with populations over 1 million, classifying cities into four fertility transition stages: post-transition (TFR < 2.1), late-transition (TFR 2.1–2.99), mid-transition (TFR 3.0–3.99), and upper mid-transition (TFR ≥ 4.0). The Bongaarts’ Proximate Determinants model was applied to examine the contributions of marriage, contraception, Postpartum Infecundability (PPI), and abortion to fertility differences across these stages.
Results
Among the 19 cities studied, only one city falls into the post-transition stage, six in the late-transition, eight in the mid-transition, and four in the upper mid-transition. Marriage rates are lowest in post-transition cities (34.3%) compared to 52–56% in the other stages. Contraceptive use is highest in post-transition at 50.1% and lower at 45.2%, 38.4%, and 21.3% in late-transition, mid-transition, and upper mid-transition cities, respectively. Marriage rates account for the largest portion of the TFR difference between post-transition and late-transition cities (38%), while contraceptive use explains only 2.8% of this gap. Together, marriage and contraceptive use account for 45–60% of the TFR difference between post-transition cities and those in the mid- and upper mid-transition stages. Between late-transition and mid/upper mid-transition cities, contraceptive use explains up to 32% of the TFR difference. Abortion has minimal impact, while PPI slightly offsets fertility differences across the transition groups.
Conclusion
Most cities in this study were in mid- or late-transition stages, with contraceptive use and marriage rates central to fertility differences. In earlier stages, increased contraceptive use significantly reduces fertility, advancing cities through initial transition phases. However, as cities shift from late to post-transition stages, contraceptive influence declines, and lower marriage rates become dominant, illustrating that a complex interplay between family planning services and cultural shifts around marriage drives fertility transition in the region.
Effect of copper sulfide nanoparticle incorporation on cost-effective carbon-based hole-transport-free perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mirzaei Mahdieh , Shojaeifar Mohsen , Tajaldini Mehdi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This investigation posits the development of an economically feasible graphite-based carbon electrode for use in hole transport-free perovskite solar cells. The weight ratio of graphite was systematically optimized, and the incorporation of copper sulfide nanoparticles was implemented to augment the electrical characteristics of the carbon-based electrode. Copper sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized through a hydrothermal method and subsequently amalgamated with pre-prepared carbon paste to produce CuS-modified carbon electrodes. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit flower-like morphologies with crystalline nanosheets measuring approximately 30 nanometers. The influence of varying doping ratios of CuS nanoparticles on the electrical properties of carbon-based hole transport-free perovskite solar cells was meticulously examined. The integration of CuS nanoparticles into the carbon electrode facilitates enhanced charge extraction, thereby resulting in increased current density within the perovskite solar cells. The suggested carbon-based hole transport-free perovskite solar cell demonstrates adequate stability over a duration exceeding one year.
Improvement of Menopausal Symptoms by Oat Hull Extracts in Ovariectomized Animal Model
Authors: Lee Mi-Ja , Lee Yongjin , Lee Han Gyeol , Jin Holim , Shin Yoon-A , Song Seung Yeob , Seo Woo Duck , Son Young-Jin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Female menopause is a disease characterized by the gradual loss of ovarian function that occurs before and after menopause. Female menopausal symptoms include osteoporosis, facial flushing, and dyslipidemia. Oats are known to be rich in protein and lipids, and their hulls are used as feed. In this study, we sought to explore the potential of oat hull extract as a treatment for menopause by analyzing its estrogen-like activity and menopause-related biomarkers in ovariectomized (OVX) animals. We investigated changes in mRNA expression and estrogen activity of several menopause-related genes induced by oat hull extract in vitro using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Additionally, we used an ovariectomized mouse model to investigate the effects of oat hull extract on menopause in vivo through changes in body weight, tissue morphology, and bone mineral density. Therefore, this study suggests that oat hull extract may be a promising alternative for treating female menopause.