bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing 5-year and 10-year predicted cardiovascular disease risks in Aotearoa New Zealand: national data linkage study of 1.7 million adults
Authors: Liang Jingyuan , Wells Susan , Jackson Rod , Choi Yeunhyang , Mehta Suneela , Chung Claris , Gao Pei , Poppe Katrina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
There is no consensus on the optimal time horizon for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk to inform treatment decisions. New Zealand and Australia recommend 5 years, whereas most countries recommend 10 years. We compared predicted risk and treatment-eligible groups using 5-year and 10-year equations.

Methods and results
Individual-level linked administrative data sets identified 1 746 665 New Zealanders without CVD, aged 30–74 years in 2006, with follow-up to 2018. Participants were randomly allocated to derivation and validation cohorts. Sex-specific 5-year and 10-year risk prediction models were developed in the derivation cohort and applied in the validation cohort. There were 28 116 (3.2%) and 62 027 (7.1%) first CVD events that occurred during 5-year and 10-year follow-ups, respectively (cumulative risk, derivation cohort). Median predicted 10-year CVD risk (3.8%) was approximately 2.5 times 5-year risk (1.6%), and 95% of individuals in the top quintile of 5-year risk were also in the top quintile of 10-year risk, across age/gender groups (validation cohort). Using common guideline-recommended treatment thresholds (5% 5-year and 10% 10-year risk), approximately 14% and 28% of women and men, respectively, were identified as treatment-eligible applying 5-year equations compared with 17% and 32% of women and men applying 10-year equations. Older age was the major contributor to treatment eligibility in both sexes.

Conclusion
Predicted 10-year CVD risk was approximately 2.5 times 5-year risk. Both equations identified mostly the same individuals in the highest risk quintile. Conversely, commonly used treatment thresholds identified more treatment-eligible individuals using 10-year equations, and both equations identified approximately twice as many treatment-eligible men as women. The treatment threshold, rather than the risk horizon, is the main determinant of treatment eligibility.
Liver cyst penetration of antibiotics at the target site of infection: a randomized pharmacokinetic trial
Authors: Bernts Lucas H P , Brüggemann Roger J M , Jansen Anouk M E , Jager Nynke G L , Wertheim Heiman F L , Drenth Joost P H , Lantinga Marten A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The EASL cystic liver disease guideline states that drug penetration at the site of infection (liver cyst) is essential for successful treatment, but pharmacokinetic (PK) data on cyst penetration are limited.

Objectives
This study aims to investigate tissue penetration of four antibiotics in non-infected liver cysts and explores influencing factors.

Methods
We performed a prospective, randomized single-dose PK-study. Before percutaneous drainage of a non-infected liver cyst, an intravenous (IV) dose of either ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam (group 1); or co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) and doxycycline (group 2) was given. Cyst fluid was collected during drainage. Blood samples were obtained before, during and after drainage (within 12 h). Drug concentrations were measured with a validated LC-MS/MS. Primary outcome was liver cyst penetration, defined as the cyst-fluid-to-plasma concentration ratio (%) expressed as median (IQR).

Results
We included 20 patients, and 21 liver cysts were drained (group 1: n = 11, group 2: n = 10). Median drained cyst volume was 700 mL. Median time between infusion and drainage was 139 min (IQR 120–188 min). Median cyst-fluid-to-plasma concentration ratio was 4.2% (IQR 1.6%–8.9%) for ciprofloxacin, 0.3% (IQR 0.0%–1.3%) for piperacillin, 0.2% (IQR 0.0%–1.3%) for tazobactam, 12.2% (IQR 6.3%–16.1%) for trimethoprim, 0.4% (IQR 0.2%–3.8%) for sulfamethoxazole and 1.6% (IQR 0.9%–2.3%) for doxycycline. Time between trimethoprim infusion and cyst drainage was correlated with increased cyst-fluid-to-plasma concentration ratio (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin have the highest penetration ratios amongst antibiotics tested. We found that liver cyst penetration varies widely between drugs after a single IV dose.

Clinical trial number
NTR8499
The trial was originally registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (ID: NL7290), which was converted to the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform in 2022.
A chromosome-level genome assembly of the mountain lion, Puma concolor
Authors: Supple Megan A , Escalona Merly , Alexandre Nicolas , Buchalski Michael R , Riley Seth P D , Dellinger Justin A , Vickers T Winston , Sahasrabudhe Ruta , Nguyen Oanh , Fairbairn Colin W , Seligmann William E , Wilmers Christopher C , Shapiro Beth 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mountain lions, Puma concolor, are widespread and adaptable carnivores. However, due to their large home ranges and long distance dispersals, they are strongly impacted by habitat fragmentation, which results in small and isolated populations. Genomic analyses play an important role in understanding and predicting the impacts of increased isolation of populations, such as decreased genetic diversity and increased levels of inbreeding. Here we report a high-quality, chromosome-level reference genome of P. concolor that was generated as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project. The primary assembly has a total length of 2.5 Gb contained in 258 scaffolds, a contig N50 of 42.3 Mb, a scaffold N50 of 149.8 Mb, and a BUSCO completeness score of 95%. This P. concolor genome assembly will provide an important resource for genomic analyses that aid decision-makers in managing the species in fragmented landscapes.
Transient analysis of multiple arbitrarily oriented cracks under antiplane shear wave
Authors: Chen Shyh-Haur , Luo Man-Wen , Wu Kuang-Chong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Most works in the literature on interactions of cracks and stress waves were for collinear or parallel cracks. However, in reality, cracks are usually randomly oriented. In this work, the problem of a homogeneous linear elastic body containing arbitrarily oriented cracks under dynamic antiplane shear loading is considered. Distribution of dynamic dislocations is used to simulate the cracks and the corresponding integral equation is derived. The integral equation is utilized to calculate the dynamic stress intensity factors. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method.
Nationwide Epidemiology and Outpatient Healthcare Resource Use of Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus from 2005 to 2021
Authors: Okubo Yusuke , Uda Kazuhiro , Yoshikawa Yuki , Ogimi Chikara , Nakabayashi Yosuke , Ito Kenta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a global health challenge, particularly among younger children. While the disease burden in Japan has been preliminarily quantified in short-term or inpatient settings, a comprehensive understanding of outpatient settings at a national level is still lacking.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we followed 697 802 children until they reached 60 months of age, amounting to 25 680 468 million person-months, using two nationally representative databases from the fiscal years 2005–2021. We analyzed trends in the epidemiology of RSV infections and associated outpatient health resource use.

Results
Incidence rates of RSV and associated hospitalizations among infants showed fluctuations of 50–100 cases and 20–30 hospitalizations per 1000 person-years, respectively, during the 2010s. These rates dropped to 8.7 cases and 2.2 hospitalizations per 1000 person-years in 2020, then returned to the same levels in the 2010s. Similar patterns were noted for RSV testing, outpatient visits, healthcare cost, and the proportion of cases hospitalized (case-hospitalization risk). Whereas antibiotic use decreased from 56.4% in 2005 to 27.8% in 2021, palivizumab use increased from 95.2 to 195.9 days of therapy per 1000 person-years. Applying the calculated incidence rates to national data, annual outpatient healthcare costs for RSV infections were estimated to be 7–9 billion JPY (50–64 million USD) for children aged &lt; 60 months in the late 2010s.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the changes in epidemiology and outpatient health resource utilization for children with RSV infections. These findings are valuable for policymakers and clinicians aiming to develop strategies, including newly developed maternal vaccines and single-dose long-acting monoclonal antibodies.
Adalimumab-induced CNS demyelination in a patient with multiple pre-existing autoimmune diseases: Treatment contemplation
Authors: Khosravi Sepehr , Zamani Babak , Motamed Mohammad Reza , Akhoundi Fahimeh H 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents like adalimumab are safe and effective for rheumatologic disorders, but they have been reported to cause demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. A 47-year-old woman with weakness in the left hand was evaluated. She had a previous medical history of intermediate uveitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-TNF-α treatment was initiated with adalimumab 2 years before this visit. Magenetic resonance imaging showed numerous T2-hyperintense lesions in bilateral periventricular, juxtacortical, and subcortical areas, which were absent in her scan before anti-TNF therapy. She was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, and adalimumab was discontinued. IV glucocorticoids were administered with marked improvement. She was then started on anti-CD20 therapy with rituximab. A year later, she was symptom-free, and her follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no new lesions. The link between multiple sclerosis and TNF-α inhibitors is poorly understood, but several hypotheses have been proposed. Discontinuing anti-TNF therapy alone may not be enough to prevent further demyelinating disease activity, and it is essential to consider the necessity of starting a disease-modifying treatment. Autoimmunity plays a significant role in rheumatologic and neurological diseases, and as personalised medicine advances, understanding genetic risk is crucial for selecting appropriate therapeutic targets. A thorough evaluation of a patient’s family background is recommended before a therapeutic decision-making, especially in patients with multiple autoimmune disorders, and the question of whether TNF-α is a suitable therapeutic target in patients with multiple autoimmune disorders is raised.
Inherited kidney disease and CAKUT are common causes of kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy: an ERA Registry study
Authors: Ortiz Alberto , Kramer Anneke , Ariceta Gema , Rodríguez Arévalo Olga L , Gjerstad Ann C , Santiuste Carmen , Trujillo-Alemán Sara , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Methven Shona , Santamaría Rafael , Naumovic Radomir , Resic Halima , Hommel Kristine , Segelmark Mårten , Ambühl Patrice M , Sorensen Søren S , Parmentier Cyrielle , Vidal Enrico , Bakkaloglu Sevcan A , Plumb Lucy , Palsson Runolfur , Kerschbaum Julia , ten Dam Marc A G J , Stel Vianda S , Jager Kitty J , Torra Roser 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Inherited kidney diseases (IKDs) and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are causes of kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT) that major renal registries usually amalgamate into the primary renal disease(PRD) category ‘miscellaneous’ or in the glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis categories. This makes IKDs invisible (except for polycystic kidney disease) and may negatively influence the use of genetic testing, which may identify a cause for IKDs and some CAKUT.

Methods
We re-examined the aetiology of KRT by composing a separate IKD and CAKUT PRD group using data from the European Renal Association (ERA) Registry.

Results
In 2019, IKD-CAKUT was the fourth most common cause of kidney failure among incident KRT patients, accounting for 8.9% of cases [IKD 7.4% (including 5.0% autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease), CAKUT 1.5%], behind diabetes (23.0%), hypertension (14.4%) and glomerulonephritis (10.6%). IKD-CAKUT was the most common cause of kidney failure among patients &lt;20 years of age (41.0% of cases), but their incidence rate was highest among those ages 45–74 years (22.5 per million age-related population). Among prevalent KRT patients, IKD-CAKUT (18.5%) and glomerulonephritis (18.7%) were the two most common causes of kidney failure overall, while IKD-CAKUT was the most common cause in women (21.6%) and in patients &lt;45 years of age (29.1%).

Conclusion
IKD and CAKUT are common causes of kidney failure among KRT patients. Distinct categorization of IKD and CAKUT better characterizes the epidemiology of the causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and highlights the importance of genetic testing in the diagnostic workup of CKD.
Physical activity and cardiorenal health—from associations to interventional studies
Authors: Billany Roseanne E , Smith Alice C , Graham-Brown Matthew P M 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Clustering of traditional and kidney-specific risk factors leads to elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk across the trajectory of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and transplantation. As kidney function declines, the prevalence of CVD, cardiovascular events, and mortality increases. This review considers recent evidence for the association between physical activity (PA) and exercise and cardiorenal health, and the effectiveness of interventions for the prevention and management of cardiorenal decline across the CKD spectrum. Evidence supports a beneficial dose–response effect of PA in the prevention of incident CKD, and growing evidence in prevalent CKD patients for the attenuation of kidney function decline, and a reduction in CVD risk, morbidity, and mortality. Broadly speaking, across the trajectory of CKD, the literature supports the efficacy of exercise interventions for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and aspects of cardiorenal health. The mechanisms underlying improvements indicate differential effects on traditional and non-traditional risk factors for CKD progression and CVD. To date, there is limited transfer of these findings into clinical care, although the evaluation of available evidence has led to the development of the first detailed clinical practice guideline for exercise and lifestyle in CKD. There is a lack of large-scale multicentre randomized controlled trials, and trials exploring hard clinical outcomes and long-term effects of exercise on cardiorenal outcomes. However, research should also address the challenges of implementing programmes of exercise and PA as part of routine care in combination with addressing the shortfall in literature to improve cardiorenal outcomes in all patients with CKD.
The potato sugar transporter SWEET1g affects apoplasmic sugar ratio and phloem-mobile tuber- and flower-inducing signals
Authors: Lauschke Angelique , Maibaum Leonie , Engel Mira , Eisengräber Luise , Bayer Sina , Hackel Aleksandra , Kühn Christina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The main phloem loader in potato, sucrose transporter StSUT1, is coexpressed with 2 members of the SWEET gene family: StSWEET11b, a clade III member of SWEET carriers assumed to be involved in sucrose efflux, and StSWEET1g, a clade I member involved in glucose efflux into the apoplast, that physically interacts with StSUT1. We investigated the functionality of SWEET carriers via uptake experiments with fluorescent glucose or sucrose analogs. Inhibition or overexpression of StSWEET1g/SlSWEET1e affected tuberization and flowering in transgenic potato plants. Isolation of the apoplasmic fluid by vacuum infiltration centrifugation revealed changes in the apoplasmic hexose composition and mono-to-disaccharide ratio, affecting sink strength. Downregulation of StSWEET1g expression affected the expression of SP6A, a tuberigen, and miR172 under long-day conditions, leading to early flowering and tuberization. A systematic screen for StSWEET1g-interacting protein partners revealed several proteins affecting cell wall integrity and strengthening. StSWEET1g and the main interaction partners were strongly downregulated during tuber development. We discuss whether StSWEET1g activity might be linked to cell wall remodeling during tuber development and the switch from apoplasmic to symplasmic phloem unloading.
The Use of External Beam Radiation Therapy for Heterotopic Ossification Prophylaxis After Surgical Fixation of Acetabular Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Boissonneault Adam , O'Hara Nathan N. , Slobogean Gerard P. , Meyer Anna , Maceroli Michael , Sciadini Marcus F. , Nascone Jason W. , Gage Mark J. , Lin Jolinta , Hanasoge Sheela , Shelton Jay , Rana Zaker , Mishra Mark , O'Toole Robert V. 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the effect of external beam radiation (XRT) on preventing severe heterotopic ossification (HO) after acetabular surgery.

METHODS:

Design:
Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Two level I academic trauma centers.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients with an acetabular fracture (OTA/AO type 62) surgically treated through a posterior or combined anterior and posterior approach.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Radiographic HO was determined using Brooker Classification at the last follow-up. The primary outcome was severe HO (Brooker classes III–IV). The secondary outcome was any HO (Brooker classes I–IV). The incidence of radiographic HO was compared between patients who did and did not undergo postoperative XRT. The results were analyzed in both an intention-to-treat (randomized to XRT) and as-treated (received XRT) basis.

RESULTS:
Severe HO occurred in 3 of 54 (6%) patients randomized to XRT and 9 of 50 (18%) patients randomized to no XRT (odds ratio 0.24, 95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.94; P = 0.05). Any HO occurred in 10 (19%) patients assigned to XRT and 17 (34%) patients in the no XRT control group (odds ratio 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.13 to 1.05; P = 0.07).

CONCLUSIONS:
The findings of this dual-center randomized controlled trial suggest that XRT after acetabular surgery significantly reduced the odds of severe HO compared with patients who did not receive XRT. These results can help guide shared decision making between surgeons and patients regarding the use of XRT for HO prophylaxis.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evaluation of Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive Glue Application Outcomes in Corneal Thinning and Perforation
Authors: Sheth Sohum , Khan Shawn , Olson April , Jeang Lauren , Tuli Sonal , Shah Ankit 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
Corneal thinning and perforation are ocular emergencies necessitating urgent intervention to prevent visual impairment or enucleation. Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive is frequently used to maintain globe integrity in these cases. However, gaps remain in understanding the outcomes of corneal gluing and the factors influencing its efficacy. This case series evaluates the clinical characteristics and outcomes of glue application in corneal thinning and perforation.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients treated for corneal thinning and perforation at the University of Florida between January 2012 and May 2023. Demographic data, clinical history, glue application details, and posttreatment outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results:
The study included 128 eyes from 125 subjects. Corneal perforation was found in 71 eyes (55.5%), mostly centrally (49.2%). The leading cause of perforation/thinning was microbial infection (45.3%). The average number of glue applications per eye was 1.66. Within 1 month, 23 patients (18.0%) required only glue reapplication, 37 (28.9%) required surgical intervention (regardless of glue reapplication), and 68 (53.1%) required no further treatment. Factors significantly linked to gluing failure (requiring surgery within 1 month) in univariate analysis included large perforation size, microbial infection, ocular surface disorder, single glue application, and indirect application via sterile drape. Multivariate analysis showed that only large perforation size was significantly associated with gluing failure.

Conclusion:
Corneal glue application is an effective temporizing measure for corneal thinning and perforation, with multiple applications potentially providing added stability to the globe. However, the need for surgical intervention is high.
Timing of coronary angiography in high-risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: results from the Portuguese Registry for Acute Coronary Syndromes (ProACS)
Authors: Ribeiro Carvalho Catarina , Bernardo Marta Catarina , Martins Moreira Isabel , Mateus Pedro , Baptista Ana , Moreira Ilídio ,   on behalf of the Portuguese Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Published: November 2024

Background
Current guidelines recommend an early invasive coronary angiography (ICA) within 24 h of admission for high-risk patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Nevertheless, meta-analyses failed to demonstrate a clear advantage of this strategy in reducing hard endpoints such as death or nonfatal myocardial infarction compared to a delayed approach. Thus, the optimal timing of ICA in high-risk NSTE-ACS remains undetermined.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the optimal timing for ICA in high-risk NSTE-ACS, regarding 1-year all-cause mortality and cardiovascular rehospitalizations.

Methods
We conducted a national multicenter retrospective study of high-risk NSTE-ACS patients included in the Portuguese Registry for Acute Coronary Syndromes. Patients were divided into three groups according to the time of ICA: within the first 24 h, between 24 and 48 h, and between 48 and 72 h. The incidence of in-hospital complications and mortality, 1-year mortality, and cardiovascular rehospitalizations were assessed.

Results
Of the 9949 patients included, 46.7% underwent early ICA. This was associated with a lower incidence of acute heart failure (8.5% vs. 11.1% vs. 11.5%, P < 0.001) and shorter length of stay (3 vs. 4 vs. 6 days, P = 0.012). It, however, did not reduce in-hospital complications or mortality (1.2 vs. 0.7 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.066). We also found no significant association with the composite endpoint of 1-year mortality or cardiovascular rehospitalization (15.1 vs. 15.9 vs. 15.7%, P = 0.887).

Conclusions
Early ICA was associated with a lower incidence of acute heart failure and shorter length of stay, without a significant impact on 1-year mortality risk or cardiovascular rehospitalizations.