bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early maturity, shortened stature, and hardship: Can life‐history trade‐offs indicate social stratification and income inequality in the United States?
Authors: Rivara Anna C. , Madrigal Lorena 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveLife‐history strategies promote reproductive fitness and survival. Limited energy availability and competing energetic demands between life‐history decisions may result in organismal trade‐offs leading to selection for “optimal” traits that facilitate fitness and survival in present environmental conditions. Few life‐history analyses have been conducted in food abundant/high resource human populations. Here, we use a life‐history theory framework integrated with a biocultural approach to assess whether trade‐offs between growth (height) and the onset of reproductive maturation (ages at menarche) were observed in a sample of adult women living in the United States.MethodsAdult women (18 years and older) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005 to 2006 were analyzed using complex survey regression to evaluate associations between ages at menarche, height, and biological, socio‐economic, demographic, and anthropometric variables.Associations between stature, ages at menarche, and socio‐economic status (household income and education level) suggest life‐history trade‐offs in this populations may be mitigated by access to resources and marginalization.ConclusionsThese study results have applied public health implications. We demonstrate that females who experience early menarche in the US population achieve short stature. Our study also demonstrates the need for implementing life‐history analyses in Western affluent populations, where marginalization may result in life‐history trade‐offs.
Postcranial morphological variation between hunter‐gatherers and horticulturalists from the lower Paraná River Delta, Argentina
Authors: Mazza Bárbara 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlthough pre‐Hispanic hunter‐gatherer and horticulturalist (known as Guaraní) societies from the lower Paraná River Delta (Argentina) presented differences in diet, pottery decoration, mortuary practices, and places of origin, differences in skeletal morphology between such groups have never been systematically explored. This work focuses on variations in humeral and femoral external linear measurements and derived structural properties of adult individuals from both societies as well as on variations in body mass and stature.Materials and MethodsBone length, epiphyseal size, and midshaft breadth were measured in 82 adult humeri and 100 femora from hunter‐gatherer and Guaraní archeological sites. Epiphyseal and midshaft robusticity, residual strength, midshaft shape and area, stature, and body mass were then estimated. Mann–Whitney tests were run to compare the hunter‐gatherer and Guaraní samples.ResultsMale Guaraní individuals presented stronger humeri and more robust femoral and humeral proximal epiphyses than hunter‐gatherers. In addition, female Guaraní individuals showed rounder femoral diaphyses in comparison with female hunter‐gatherers. Concerning stature, the Guaraní individuals were found to be shorter than hunter‐gatherers, regardless of sex. No statistical differences were found in body mass.DiscussionDespite the fact that skeletal variations between Guaraní and hunter‐gatherers could be a consequence of differences in mechanical loadings and genetic composition, bone robusticity is also positively correlated with increased age, but as the age composition of the Guaraní sample could not be estimated, skeletal variation between the samples could be a consequence of differences in age distribution.
Comparative Effectiveness of Certolizumab Pegol, Abatacept, and Biosimilar Infliximab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated in Routine Care: Observational Data From the Danish DANBIO Registry Emulating a Randomized Trial
Authors: Grøn Kathrine L. , Glintborg Bente , Nørgaard Mette , Mehnert Frank , Østergaard Mikkel , Dreyer Lene , Krogh Niels S. , Bjørner Jakob B. , Hetland Merete L. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveNationwide Danish guidelines regarding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients initiating biologic treatment (i.e., biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs [DMARDs]) are issued on an approximately annual basis. For biologics‐naive patients treated with concomitant methotrexate, mandatory medications included certolizumab pegol (CZP; year 2013–2014, recommended compliance 80%), abatacept (ABA; 2014–2015, 80%), and biosimilar infliximab (CT‐P13; 2015–2016, 50%). We hypothesized that these guidelines could be perceived as a surrogate randomization tool in which calendar period rather than patient‐specific factors defined the choice of the biologic DMARD. We undertook this study to assess compliance with guidelines (supporting the assumption of surrogate randomization) and to compare the effectiveness of CZP, ABA, and CT‐P13 in patients treated according to guidelines.MethodsThis was an observational cohort study emulating a randomized trial (using intent‐to‐treat analyses). RA patients compliant with the treatment guidelines were identified in DANBIO, and information on prior comorbidities was obtained by linking to national registries. Outcome measures included remission rates according to the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) (at 6 and 12 months) and treatment retention at 1 year, compared across treatment regimens. Comorbidity/confounder‐adjusted multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were used.ResultsSeven hundred seventy‐six patients were included in the study (336 receiving CZP, 215 receiving ABA, 225 receiving CT‐P13). Compliance with treatment guidelines was high: 70%, 65%, and 59%, respectively. Six‐month DAS28 remission rates were 35%, 33%, and 42%, and 12‐month rates were 35%, 31%, and 35%, respectively. Compared to CZP, adjusted odds ratios for 6‐ and 12‐month DAS28 remission rates were 0.96 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.63–1.47) and 0.74 (95% CI 0.47–1.15) for ABA and 1.38 (95% CI 0.91–2.09) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.62–1.49) for CT‐P13, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios for withdrawal (during days 0–90 and days 91–365) were 0.70 (95% CI 0.39–1.27) and 1.16 (95% CI 0.84–1.60) for ABA and 0.58 (95% CI 0.33–1.10) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.59–1.17) for CT‐P13, respectively, compared to CZP.ConclusionThe surrogate randomization procedure enabled head‐to‐head comparisons of CZP, ABA, and CT‐P13. Although some differences in estimated effectiveness were observed across drugs, confidence intervals were wide and statistical significance was not reached.
Quality assurance of surgery in the randomized ST03 trial of perioperative chemotherapy in carcinoma of the stomach and gastro-oesophageal junction
Authors: Allum W H , Smyth E C , Blazeby J M , Grabsch H I , Griffin S M , Rowley S , Cafferty F H , Langley R E , Cunningham D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The UK Medical Research Council ST03 trial compared perioperative epirubicin, cisplatin and capecitabine (ECX) chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab (B) in gastric and oesophagogastric junctional cancer. No difference in survival was noted between the arms of the trial. The present study reviewed the standards and performance of surgery in the context of the protocol-specified surgical criteria.

Methods
Surgical and pathological clinical report forms were reviewed to determine adherence to the surgical protocols, perioperative morbidity and mortality, and final histopathological stage for all patients treated in the study.

Results
Of 1063 patients randomized, 895 (84·2 per cent) underwent resection; surgical details were available for 880 (98·3 per cent). Postoperative assessment data were available for 873 patients; complications occurred in 458 (52·5 per cent) overall, of whom 71 (8·1 per cent) developed complications deemed to be life-threatening by the responsible clinician. The most common complications were respiratory (211 patients, 24·2 per cent). The anastomotic leak rate was 118 of 873 (13·5 per cent) overall; among those who underwent oesophagogastrectomy, the rate was higher in the group receiving ECX-B (23·6 per cent versus 9·9 per cent in the ECX group). Pathological assessment data were available for 845 patients. At least 15 nodes were removed in 82·5 per cent of resections and the median lymph node harvest was 24 (i.q.r. 17–34). Twenty-five or more nodes were removed in 49·0 per cent of patients. Histopathologically, the R1 rate was 24·9 per cent (208 of 834 patients). An R1 resection was more common for proximal tumours.

Conclusion
In the ST03 trial, the performance of surgery met the protocol-stipulated criteria. Registration number: NCT00450203 ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Technological advances in the assessment of impulse control in offenders: A systematic review
Authors: Vedelago Lana , Amlung Michael , Morris Vanessa , Petker Tashia , Balodis Iris , McLachlan Kaitlyn , Mamak Mini , Moulden Heather , Chaimowitz Gary , MacKillop James 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeficits in impulse control have been linked to criminal offending, risk of recidivism, and other maladaptive behaviours relevant to the criminal justice system (e.g. substance use). Impulse control can be conceptualized as encompassing the broad domains of response inhibition and impulsive/risky decision‐making. Advancements in technology have led to the development of computerized behavioural measures to assess performance in these domains, such as go/no‐go and delay discounting tasks. Despite a relatively large literature examining these tasks in offenders, findings are not universally consistent. This systematic review aims to synthesize the literature using computerized neurocognitive tasks to assess two domains of impulse control in offenders: response inhibition and impulsive/risky decision‐making. The review included 28 studies from diverse geographic locations, settings, and offender populations. The results largely support the general conclusion that offenders exhibit deficits in impulse control compared with non‐offenders, with studies of response inhibition more consistently reporting differences than studies using impulsive and risky decision‐making tasks. Findings are discussed in the context of contemporary neuroimaging research emphasizing dysfunction in prefrontal cortex as a key contributor to impulse control deficits in offenders.
Effects of marital status on breast cancer survival by age, race, and hormone receptor status: A population‐based Study
Authors: Zhai Zhen , Zhang Fang , Zheng Yi , Zhou Linghui , Tian Tian , Lin Shuai , Deng Yujiao , Xu Peng , Hao Qian , Li Na , Yang Pengtao , Li Hongtao , Dai Zhijun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionIt remains unclear whether marital status could affect the breast cancer‐caused special survival (BCSS) of patients with breast cancer. Therefore, we sought to explore the influence of demographic and pathological factors on prognosis of patients with breast cancer.Materials and methodsWe selected patients meeting the eligibility criteria from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry program. We assessed the effect of marital status on overall survival (OS) and BCSS using Kaplan‐Meier curve and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsCompared with divorced/separated/widowed (DSW) patients, the married (AHR 0.7483, 95% CI: 0.729‐0.7682, P < 0.001) and single patients had better BCSS (AHR 0.9096, 95% CI: 0.8796‐0.9406, P < 0.001). Married patients kept better prognosis among all age subgroups, while the better BCSS of single patients occurred only in groups older than 35 years. As for race and hormone receptor status (HRs), the better BCSS of single patients was only observed in white race (AHR 0.881, 95% CI: 0.8457‐0.9177, P < 0.001) and patients with ER+/PR + status (AHR 0.8844, 95% CI: 0.8393‐0.932, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that married and single patients with breast cancer had better prognosis than their DSW counterparts. Age, race, and HRs could affect the correlation between marital status and BCSS.
Relationship between environmental factors and burnout of psychotherapists: Meta‐analytic approach
Authors: Lee Mi Kyoung , Kim Eunjoo , Paik In Shil , Chung Jihyun , Lee Sang Min 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present study aims to extend the scope of understanding on the relationships between environmental factors and burnout symptoms by targeting and including more extensive occupational demanding variables related to therapist burnout. The present study includes not only common occupational stressors (e.g., working hours, role overload and role conflict) but also variables reflecting the quality of relationship with clients (e.g., case load and negative clientele) that have not been dealt with before in meta‐analytic studies. A meta‐analysis was conducted on 27 original studies published from the year 2006 to 2018. The findings showed that, among environmental factors, role overload had the most significant positive correlations with exhaustion. In addition, negative clientele had the most significant positive correlations with depersonalisation and reduced accomplishment. Furthermore, caseload and low income had relatively weak relations with therapist burnout. Based on these results, implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Hemodynamic support with Impella ventricular assist device in patients undergoing TAVI: A single center experience
Authors: Almalla Mohammad , Kersten Alexander , Altiok Ertunc , Marx Nikolaus , Schröder Jörg W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a well‐established therapeutic option for patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) at high to intermediate surgical risk. Although TAVI is associated with low mortality of 1.2–6.5%, cardiogenic shock (CS) as a peri‐interventional complication remains a challenging problem with very high morbidity and mortality.AimThis study evaluated the clinical outcome of the use of Impella ventricular assist device in patients undergoing TAVI.MethodsBetween 11/2015 and 08/2018, all patients undergoing TAVI requiring temporary circulatory during the same index hospitalization were included. Primary endpoint was 30‐day all‐cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were peri‐interventional mortality and 30‐day stroke rate.ResultsOf the 390 patients undergoing TAVI, 13 (3%) required hemodynamic support with an Impella device. Of these, 3 (23%) underwent protected high‐risk PCI before TAVI and 10 patients (77%) needed emergency periprocedural hemodynamic support due to cardiogenic shock. Mortality at 30 days was 0% in Impella‐protected PCI and 40% with Impella use for periprocedural CS. No stroke occurred in the cohort up to 30 days. Insertion of the Impella device in the setting of TAVI was fast with a mean insertion time of 10 min. Eight patients (80%) in the periprocedural CS group required cardiopulmonary resuscitation prior to Impella use. There was only one device‐related complication.ConclusionsTemporary hemodynamic support with the Impella device in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis or in CS secondary to complicated TAVI was technically doable and allowed stabilization and treatment of salvageable patients.
Resolute zotarolimus‐eluting stent in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (resolute‐STEMI): A prespecified prospective register from the DAPT‐STEMI trial
Authors: Postma Warner , Fabris Enrico , Van der Ent Martin , Hermanides Rik , Buszman Pawel , Von Birgelen C Clemens , Cook Stephane , Wedel Hans , De Luca Giuseppe , Delewi Ronak , Zijlstra Felix , Kedhi Elvin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) with second‐generation Resolute™ zotarolimus‐eluting stent (R‐ZES) in patients enrolled in the DAPT‐STEMI Trial (NCT01459627).BackgroundR‐ZES is one of the most used drug eluting stents worldwide. To date, the safety and efficacy data of this stent in setting of STEMI is limited.MethodsThe Resolute‐STEMI is a prespecified prospective register that reports the safety and efficacy of R‐ZES in setting of ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) at 6 months for the following endpoints: a composite endpoint of all‐cause mortality, any myocardial infarction (MI), any (unscheduled) revascularization, stroke and TIMI major bleeding, as well as target lesion failure and stent thrombosis (ST).ResultsFrom a total of 1,100 STEMI patients enrolled in the trial, 998 received a R‐ZES. At 6 months the PE occurred in 42 (4.2%) patients. All‐cause death, MI, revascularization, stroke and TIMI major bleeding was respectively 8 (0.8%), 9 (0.8%), 34 (3.4%), 2 (0.2%), and 4 (0.4%). The rate of target lesion revascularizations involving the culprit lesion was 1.1%. Target lesion failure was 1.5%. The rate of definite ST was 0.5%. The rate of both definite or probable ST was 0.7%.ConclusionsThe present analysis is the largest to date reporting short‐term and mid‐term clinical outcomes with the R‐ZES stent in setting of STEMI. At 30 days and 6‐months R‐ZES has an outstanding safety and efficacy even in this high‐risk category of patients.
Single‐Site Molybdenum Catalyst for the Synthesis of Fumarate
Authors: Jiang Huifang , Lu Rui , Si Xiaoqin , Luo Xiaolin , Xu Jie , Lu Fang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe catalysts with well‐defined mononuclear active sites are expected to develop more active catalytic systems for the key chemical transformations. But the rational design of catalyst with stable mononuclear Mo site is still a crucial challenge because of its oligomerization tendency under reaction condition. Herein, Molybdenum catalyst (Mo‐8‐HQ) with single Mo sites was designed via the pyridine nitrogen and oxygen in hydroxyl of 8‐hydroxyquinoline coordinated with Mo atom. The crystal catalyst was stabilized by π‐π stacking interaction and hydrogen bonds to form isolated Mo specie. The single‐site molybdenum catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance in didehydroxylation reactions with high selectively of dibutyl fumarate (86 %) product at mild reaction condition. Deuterium isotopic studies demonstrated that the mechanism feature of didehydroxylation reaction catalyzed by Mo‐8‐HQ was through concerted cleavage of two C−O bonds process, which could be accelerated by single‐site molybdenum catalysts with electron‐rich Mo centers.
Amorphous Cobalt Boride Nanosheets Directly Grown on Nickel Foam: Controllable Alternately Dipping Deposition for Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Fang Yating , Chen Chuanxia , Ni Pengjuan , Kong Biao , Song Zhongqian , Lu Yizhong , Niu Li 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study provides a unique method for the rapid deposition of amorphous Co−B nanosheets on Ni foam (Co−B/NF) by alternatively dipping Ni foam into cobalt salt and borohydride solutions. The as‐prepared Co−B/NF can act as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The catalyst affords a current density of 20 mA cm−2 at 265 mV overpotential during the OER in 1.0 M KOH solution, ranking it among the best reported nonprecious OER electrocatalysts. This strategy for constructing electrocatalysis electrodes prevails over the conventional method of drop‐coating metal boride dispersions on the electrode, having better intrinsic stability and fully exposed active site surfaces. Given the low cost, ease of fabrication, good controllability, and high OER electrocatalytic activity and stability, Co−B/NF has great potential as a high‐performance anode catalyst for water splitting.
Effects of processing parameters on 3D structural ordering and optical properties of inverse opal photonic crystals produced by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Campos Heloisa G. , Furlan Kaline P. , Garcia Daniel E. , Blick Robert , Zierold Robert , Eich Manfred , Hotza Dachamir , Janssen Rolf 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVertical convective self‐assembly has been extensively used for the preparation of direct photonic crystals, which can be later infiltrated with a more stable material, such as oxide ceramics, by atomic layer deposition. However, the relationship between the self‐assembly parameters of the direct photonic crystals and the optical properties of the inverse opal photonic crystals remains elusive. In this work, the effect of different experimental parameters on the 3D structure and the density of defects of polystyrene direct photonic crystals produced by vertical convective self‐assembly was assessed. Self‐assembly was investigated using deionized water as media with polymer particles’ concentrations up to 2 mg/mL; temperatures of 40, 50, and 80°C; and relative humidity of 45%, 70%, and 90%. The 3D structure of the resultant direct photonic materials was characterized by the combination of scanning electron microscopy and image analysis, and their optical properties were assessed by reflectance measurements. These results were correlated with the performance of oxide‐based inverse opal photonic crystals produced by the controlled infiltration of the former direct photonic crystals by atomic layer deposition (ALD). It was found that the thickness increased with the concentration of polystyrene particles, while the photonic structure ordering is dependent on the synergy between humidity and temperature. Results also showed higher defects population with increasing evaporation temperature and decreasing relative humidity.
An in silico twin for epicardial augmentation of the failing heart
Authors: Hirschvogel Marc , Jagschies Lasse , Maier Andreas , Wildhirt Stephen M. , Gee Michael W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdvances in ventricular assist device (VAD) technology for the treatment of end‐stage congestive heart failure (CHF) are needed to cope with the increasing numbers of patients that cannot be provided with donor hearts for transplantation. We develop and investigate a novel extravascular VAD technology that provides biventricular, epicardial pressure support for the failing heart. This novel VAD concept avoids blood contact that is accompanied with typical complications such as coagulation and infections. To date, in vivo porcine model results with a prototype of the implant exist, further studies to improve the implant's performance and promote its applicability in humans are needed.In this contribution, we present a personalised functional digital twin of the heart, the vascular system, and the novel VAD technology in terms of a calibrated, customized computational model. The calibration procedure is based on patient‐specific measurements and is performed by solving an inverse problem.This in silico model is able to (a) confirm in vivo experimental data, (b) predict healthy and pathologic ventricular function, and (c) assess the beneficial impact of the novel VAD concept to a high level of fidelity.The model shows very good agreement with in vivo data and reliably predicts increases in stroke volume and left ventricular pressure with increasing ventricular support. Furthermore, the digital twin allows insight into quantities that are poorly or not at all amenable in any experimental setup.Conclusively, the model's ability to link integral hemodynamic variables to local tissue mechanical deformation makes it a highly valuable tool for the dimensioning of novel VAD technologies and future treatment strategies in heart failure.The presented in silico twin enhances in vivo studies by facilitating the accessibility and increasing the range of quantities of interest. Because of its flexibility in the assessment of design variants and optimization loops, it may substantially contribute to a reduction of the amount of animal experiments in this and similar settings.