bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ingestive behaviour of horses offered distillery by-products
Authors: Hill J. , Braithwaite A.R. 
Published: June 2019

In the United Kingdom, a range of distillery by-products is available and may have a useful role in the formulation of equine rations. Pagan and Jackson (1991) investigated the ingestive behaviour of horses offered dried distillery by-products at differing rates of inclusion in the diet in a choice-preference study and concluded that they could be offered to 0.2 of the diet DM without adversely affecting ingestion rate. The aim of the study was to investigate the ingestive behaviour of horses offered the various distillery by-products as part of the concentrate component of the diet.Ten horses were used in the experiment. Five horses (three years of age or under; mean age 1.6 years) and five horses (pregnant mares; mean age 13.2 years) were allocated to two 5 x 5 latin squares. The horses were housed individually, bedded on straw and were offered rations of hay (7.5 kg DM/day) and concentrate (1.8 kg DM/day) at 0700 and 1600 hours.
Comparison of procedures for estimating microbial contamination of feed residues in the in situ bag procedure of measuring protein degradation in the rumen of sheep
Authors: Avornyo F.K. , Miller E.L. 
Published: June 2019

Feed residue following in situ incubation can be contaminated with rumen microbes, thereby underestimating feed protein degradation in the rumen. Three methods, namely labelling with 35S, measuring cytosine (C) as an internal microbial marker and dissolving the contaminating microbes in neutral detergent (ND) solution, were compared with the aim of choosing the method that best estimated microbial contamination.The in situ protein degradations of grass hay and molassed sugarbeet pulp (mSBP) were studied. Incubation times were 0, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h, with each incubation time replicated six times (3 sheep x 2 days). Each sheep received 1 kg of 60:40 hay:concentrate per day offered at two hourly intervals. Liquid- (LAM) and solid-associated microbes (SAM) were obtained according to the methods by Mathers & Aitchison (1981) and Whitehouse et al. (1994), respectively. Sulphur35 labelling was as described by Mathers & Aitchison (1981).
Effect of feeding level and substitution of barley grain by citrus pulp in ammonia-treated straw diets on digestibility and microbial synthesis efficiency in sheep
Authors: Barrios-Urdaneta A. , Castrillo C. , Fondevila M. , Vicente F. 
Published: June 2019

Because of its high pectin content, citrus pulp provides with readily fermentable energy for rumen microbial synthesis and promotes a more favourable environment for fibre digestion than starch supplements (Barrios et al., 1996). However, we are unaware of data comparing efficiency of microbial synthesis with cereals or citrus pulp. This work compares digestibility and efficiency of microbial synthesis of mixed straw diets with increasing substitution of barley by citrus pulp, at two feeding levels.Diets included equal parts of ammoniated barley straw (10.5 g N/kg DM) and a concentrate made up by different ratios of barley (18.2 g N/kg DM) and citrus pulp (11.1 g N/kg DM), namely M1 (100:0), M2 (66:33), M3 (33:66) and M4 (0:100).
An examination of the effect of concentrate energy source on rumen fermentation characteristics of dairy cattle offered grass silages of differing intake characteristics
Authors: Keady T.W.J. , Mayne C.S. , Fitzpatrick D A 
Published: June 2019

Recent dairy cow production studies (Keady et al, 1998a, b) have indicated that energy source (starch v fibre) in the concentrate did not alter silage intake or milk yield of lactating dairy cattle offered a range of grass silages. However in both studies increasing the level of starch in the concentrate increased milk protein concentration and tended to decrease milk fat concentration. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of concentrate energy source on rumen fermentation characteristics of dairy cattle offered three grass silages.Three silages were produced from predominantly perennial ryegrass swards after 39 day regrowth intervals. Silages A and C were ensiled from primary regrowths treated with an inoculant while silage B was ensiled from a secondary regrowth untreated. Silage A was wilted for 24 hours prior to ensiling while silages B and C were ensiled direct. Two concentrates, 0s and 100s were formulated to contain different starch concentrations but similar concentrations of crude protein, metabolisable energy, digestible undegradable protein and effective rumen degradable protein.
The Aëro and Motor Boat Exhibition
Authors: Fullerton J. D. 
Published: June 2019

This exhibition, organised by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, Ltd., was held at Olympia from the 19th to the 27th March, 1909.The aëronautical portion attracted considerable attention, and the Society is to be congratulated on the result of its efforts to interest the public in aëronautical matters.It is not proposed in these notes to give an account of all the exhibits, but an attempt will be made to describe those in which the members of the Aëronautical Society of Great Britain are more especially interested. Motors are only briefly touched on, as they are discussed in Mr. McKinney's paper.
Notes on the Phillips Flying Machine
Authors: Fullerton J. B. 
Published: June 2019

As Mr. Phillips is unable, through stress of work, to write an account of his machine, I have prepared a few notes about it, and he has kindly revised them.The machine is of a quite unusual type, and the study of its design and general system of working will be found of great interest.In order to understand the principles upon which it is based, it is desirable to first examine briefly the early experiments carried out by Mr. Phillips and the results obtained from them.
Stable Progression and the Wedge Shape
Authors: Balston R. 
Published: June 2019

On the last occasion on which I had the honour of reading a paper before this (Society 1 took as my subject the shape of stability, of bodies falling through the air. 1 endeavoured to show that if you wish to make an apparatus which will descend in perfect equilibrium you must do something more than give it lifting surfaces with the usual dihedral angle; that it is, in fact, necessary to extend this plan and form them with an upward angle in all directions from an approximately central point, thus making them take a form like the surface of an inverted cone.To-night I want to ask you to look at stability from another point of view. A flying body, to be of practical value, must have, in addition to equilibrium of buoyancy, another equilibrium, viz., that of progression, i.e., it must have a strong tendency to proceed with the same point of its framework always to the fore.
The Efficiency of Aëroplanes, etc
Authors: Turnbull W. R. 
Published: June 2019

When we examine the numerous designs that have been proposed for power- driven aëroplanes it is most apparent that the designer, in most cases, has lost sight of the all-important subject of the efficiency of the different parts.The aeroplanes are often quite large enough to give the required “ lift,” but the “ drift “ is enormous, the propellers are usually far too small in diameter, and the motor is so poorly cooled and adjusted, that it is not capable of giving anything like its rated power.Any one of these faults is sufficient to make a failure of a possible success, but when they are combined, as they usually are, the machine is hopeless. I have just seen in Paris a machine glaringly wrong even in the most elemental principles, yet the builder had spent a large sum of money for a costly motor and its accessories.
Surface Textures of Shells as Taphonomic Indicators
Authors: Cutler Alan H. 
Published: June 2019

Taphonomic analysis of fossil remains can provide information on the post-mortem history of the fossils, and may also be useful in interpreting associated sediments. A preliminary survey of the interior surfaces of Recent Chione shells shows that biologic, physical, and chemical agents attacking carbonate substrates in the intertidal environment of Bahia la Choya, Sonora, Mexico, leave behind diagnostic traces of their action.Shells collected from across the tidal flats and from beach ridge deposits were examined under the SEM and binocular microscope. Tidal flat specimens were dominated by the effects of microboring endoliths. Even recently dead, articulated specimens showed some infestation. Excavation of surfaces by microborers goes through predictable stages, and may therefore be useful for relative “dating” of shells and for estimating burial/sedimentation rates. Beach ridge specimens show a heterogenous array of textures, some inherited from earlier taphonomic episodes, others produced in situ. Textures overprint one another and document transport between habitats.Similar surface textures should be identifiable in the fossil record and could provide important paleoecologic and sedimentologic information.
Transcriptomics of host-specific interactions in natural populations of the parasitic plant purple witchweed (Striga hermonthica)
Authors: Lopez Lua , Bellis Emily S. , Wafula Eric , Hearne Sarah J. , Honaas Loren , Ralph Paula E. , Timko Michael P. , Unachukwu Nnanna , dePamphilis Claude W. , Lasky Jesse R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHost-specific interactions can maintain genetic and phenotypic diversity in parasites that attack multiple host species. Host diversity, in turn, may promote parasite diversity by selection for genetic divergence or plastic responses to host type. The parasitic weed purple witchweed [Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth.] causes devastating crop losses in sub-Saharan Africa and is capable of infesting a wide range of grass hosts. Despite some evidence for host adaptation and host-by-Striga genotype interactions, little is known about intraspecific Striga genomic diversity. Here we present a study of transcriptomic diversity in populations of S. hermonthica growing on different hosts (maize [Zea mays L.] vs. grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]). We examined gene expression variation and differences in allelic frequency in expressed genes of aboveground tissues from populations in western Nigeria parasitizing each host. Despite low levels of host-based genome-wide differentiation, we identified a set of parasite transcripts specifically associated with each host. Parasite genes in several different functional categories implicated as important in host–parasite interactions differed in expression level and allele on different hosts, including genes involved in nutrient transport, defense and pathogenesis, and plant hormone response. Overall, we provide a set of candidate transcripts that demonstrate host-specific interactions in vegetative tissues of the emerged parasite S. hermonthica. Our study shows how signals of host-specific processes can be detected aboveground, expanding the focus of host–parasite interactions beyond the haustorial connection.
The current and future global distribution and population at risk of dengue
Authors: Messina Jane P. , Brady Oliver J. , Golding Nick , Kraemer Moritz U. G. , Wint G. R. William , Ray Sarah E. , Pigott David M. , Shearer Freya M. , Johnson Kimberly , Earl Lucas , Marczak Laurie B. , Shirude Shreya , Davis Weaver Nicole , Gilbert Marius , Velayudhan Raman , Jones Peter , Jaenisch Thomas , Scott Thomas W. , Reiner Robert C. , Hay Simon I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that has spread throughout the tropical world over the past 60 years and now affects over half the world’s population. The geographical range of dengue is expected to further expand due to ongoing global phenomena including climate change and urbanization. We applied statistical mapping techniques to the most extensive database of case locations to date to predict global environmental suitability for the virus as of 2015. We then made use of climate, population and socioeconomic projections for the years 2020, 2050 and 2080 to project future changes in virus suitability and human population at risk. This study is the first to consider the spread of Aedes mosquito vectors to project dengue suitability. Our projections provide a key missing piece of evidence for the changing global threat of vector-borne disease and will help decision-makers worldwide to better prepare for and respond to future changes in dengue risk.
Wide and Deep Imaging of Neuronal Activities by a Wearable NeuroImager Reveals Premotor Activity in the Whole Motor Cortex
Authors: Kobayashi Takuma , Islam Tanvir , Sato Masaaki , Ohkura Masamichi , Nakai Junichi , Hayashi Yasunori , Okamoto Hitoshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWearable technologies for functional whole brain imaging in freely moving animals would advance our understanding of cognitive processing and adaptive behavior. Fluorescence imaging can visualize the activity of individual neurons in real time, but conventional microscopes have limited sample coverage in both the width and depth of view. Here we developed a novel head-mounted laser camera (HLC) with macro and deep-focus lenses that enable fluorescence imaging at cellular resolution for comprehensive imaging in mice expressing a layer- and cell type-specific calcium probe. We visualized orientation selectivity in individual excitatory neurons across the whole visual cortex of one hemisphere, and cell assembly expressing the premotor activity that precedes voluntary movement across the motor cortex of both hemispheres. Including options for multiplex and wireless interfaces, our wearable, wide- and deep-imaging HLC technology could enable simple and economical mapping of neuronal populations underlying cognition and behavior.
Risk factors for neurocognitive impairment in patients with benign intracranial lesions
Authors: Bette Stefanie , Ruhland Julia M. , Wiestler Benedikt , Barz Melanie , Meyer Bernhard , Zimmer Claus , Ryang Yu-Mi , Ringel Florian , Gempt Jens 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study was designed to assess risk factors for neurocognitive impairment in patients with benign intracranial lesions including tumors and vascular lesions. 74 patients (29 m, 51 f, mean age 54.4 years) with surgery for benign intracranial lesions were included in this prospective single-center study. Extensive neuropsychological testing was performed preoperatively, including tests for attention, memory and executive functions. Furthermore, headache and depression were assessed using the german version of the HDI (IBK) and the BDI-II. Multiple linear regression analyses of the percentile ranks (adjusted for age, sex and education) including the parameters age, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS), mood, pain and lesion size were performed to identify risk factors for cognitive impairment. Using the Mann-Whitney U test, the influence of hemisphere and type of lesion (tumor/vascular) was assessed. Posthoc Bonferroni correction was performed. Poorer neurocognitive functions were observed only in the category attention in patients with higher age (divided attention, WMS) and reduced KPS (WMS). Lesion volume, mood, pain, hemisphere or the type of the lesion (tumor, vascular) were not identified as risk factors for poorer neurocognitive functions in patients with benign intracranial lesions. Age and KPS are the main risk factors for poorer neurocognitive functions in the category attention in patients with benign intracranial lesions. Knowledge of these risk factors might be important to find appropriate therapy regimes to improve cognitive functions and quality of life.
Genome-wide characterization of the WRKY gene family in cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and the importance of several group III members in continuous cropping
Authors: Chen Peng , Liu Qi-zhi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWRKY transcription factors play important roles in many plant developmental processes and adaptation to the environment. However, little knowledge is available about the WRKY gene family in cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), an important soft fruit worldwide. In this study, a total of 47 WRKY gene members were identified and renamed on the basis of their order on the chromosomes. According to their evolutionary events and conserved structure, the 47 FaWRKYs were divided into three major groups with several subgroups. A cis-element analysis showed that all FaWRKYs possessed at least one stress response-related cis-element. Comprehensive analysis, including phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling, based on real-time qPCR analysis in root, stem, leaf and fruit was performed on group III FaWRKY genes. The phylogenetic tree of the WRKY III genes in cultivated strawberry, wild Strawberry, Arabidopsis, tomato, and rice was divided into five clades. Additionally, the expression profiles of the FaWRKY genes in response to continuous cropping were further investigated based on RNA-seq data. FaWRKY25, FaWRKY32, and FaWRKY45, which are group III FaWRKY genes, were upregulated after continuous cropping. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression levels of PR1 and peroxidase were higher in continuous cropping (CC) than in non-continuous cropping (NCC). The results indicated that group III FaWRKYs might play an important role in continuous cropping. These results provide a foundation for genetic improvements for continuous cropping tolerance in cultivated strawberry.
Whole-blood transcriptomic signatures induced during immunization by chloroquine prophylaxis and Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites
Authors: Tran Tuan M. , Bijker Else M. , Haks Mariëlle C. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Visser Leo , Schats Remko , Venepally Pratap , Lorenzi Hernan , Crompton Peter D. , Sauerwein Robert W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA highly effective vaccine that confers sterile protection to malaria is urgently needed. Immunization under chemoprophylaxis with sporozoites (CPS) consistently confers high levels of protection in the Controlled Human Malaria infection (CHMI) model. To provide a broad, unbiased assessment of the composition and kinetics of direct ex vivo human immune responses to CPS, we profiled whole-blood transcriptomes by RNA-seq before and during CPS immunization and following CHMI challenge. Differential expression of genes enriched in modules related to T cells, NK cells, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial processes were detected in fully protected individuals four weeks after the first immunization. Non-protected individuals demonstrated transcriptomic changes after the third immunization and the day of treatment, with upregulation of interferon and innate inflammatory genes and downregulation of B-cell signatures. Protected individuals demonstrated more significant interactions between blood transcription modules compared to non-protected individuals several weeks after the second and third immunizations. These data provide insight into the molecular and cellular basis of CPS-induced immune protection from P. falciparum infection.
Identifying influential spreaders by gravity model
Authors: Li Zhe , Ren Tao , Ma Xiaoqi , Liu Simiao , Zhang Yixin , Zhou Tao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIdentifying influential spreaders in complex networks is crucial in understanding, controlling and accelerating spreading processes for diseases, information, innovations, behaviors, and so on. Inspired by the gravity law, we propose a gravity model that utilizes both neighborhood information and path information to measure a node’s importance in spreading dynamics. In order to reduce the accumulated errors caused by interactions at distance and to lower the computational complexity, a local version of the gravity model is further proposed by introducing a truncation radius. Empirical analyses of the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) spreading dynamics on fourteen real networks show that the gravity model and the local gravity model perform very competitively in comparison with well-known state-of-the-art methods. For the local gravity model, the empirical results suggest an approximately linear relation between the optimal truncation radius and the average distance of the network.
Dual-Task Effects on Story Retell for Participants With Moderate, Mild, or No Aphasia: Quantitative and Qualitative Findings
Authors: Harmon Tyson G. , Jacks Adam , Haley Katarina L. , Bailliard Antoine 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The aims of the study were to determine dual-task effects on content accuracy, delivery speed, and perceived effort during narrative discourse in people with moderate, mild, or no aphasia and to explore subjective reactions to retelling a story with a concurrent task.

Method
Two studies (1 quantitative and 1 qualitative) were conducted. In Study 1, participants with mild or moderate aphasia and neurotypical controls retold short stories in isolation and while simultaneously distinguishing between high and low tones. Story retell accuracy (speech productivity and efficiency), speed (speech rate, repetitions, and pauses), and perceived effort were measured and compared. In Study 2, participants completed semistructured interviews about their story retell experience. These interviews were recorded, transcribed orthographically, and coded qualitatively using thematic analysis.

Results
The dual task interfered more with spoken language of people with aphasia than controls, but different speed–accuracy trade-off patterns were noted. Participants in the moderate aphasia group reduced accuracy with little alteration to speed, whereas participants in the mild aphasia group maintained accuracy and reduced their speed. Participants in both groups also reported more negative emotional and behavioral reactions to the dual-task condition than their neurotypical peers. Intentional strategies for coping with the cognitive demands of the dual-task condition were only reported by participants with mild aphasia.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that, although communicating with a competing task is more difficult for people with aphasia than neurotypical controls, participants with mild aphasia may be better able to cope with cognitively demanding communication situations than participants with moderate aphasia.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8233391