bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous localization of plasmablastic multiple myeloma with heterotopic expression of CD3 and CD4: Skin involvement revealing systemic disease
Authors: Varricchio Silvia , Pagliuca Francesca , Travaglino Antonio , Gallo Lucia , Villa Maria R. , Mascolo Massimo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPlasmablastic multiple myeloma is an uncommon morphological variant of multiple myeloma with aggressive clinical course and poor outcome. Its differential diagnosis includes plasmablastic lymphoma, a variant of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with frequent extranodal presentation, which usually affects immunosuppressed patients and is virtually indistinguishable from plasmablastic multiple myeloma on the basis of histology solely. Differential diagnosis relies on close clinical‐pathological correlation. Herein, the authors report a case of aggressive multiple myeloma occurring in a 48‐year‐old patient with pure plasmablastic morphology, expression of T‐cell markers CD3 and CD4, and cutaneous involvement as first presenting sign. Heterotopic expression of T‐cell markers has been described in literature for both plasmablastic multiple myeloma and plasmablastic lymphoma. The causative mechanisms underlying this aberrant phenotype have not yet been elucidated; nevertheless the possibility of this rare finding should be considered to avoid misinterpretations. Remarkably, despite occurring rarely, cutaneous involvement could be observed at an early stage or even be the first manifestation of disease in particularly aggressive forms of myeloma. As a consequence, the presence of cutaneous lesions should not favor a straightforward diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma. The importance of a correct differential diagnosis lies in its therapeutical implications.
Rethinking Australia’s aid programme to Myanmar: Good governance and “informal constraints”
Authors: Roy Chiraag 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMotivationDiscussions of good governance often highlight the definitional ambiguity associated with the concept. Recent scholarship on governance is beginning to emphasize the need for more context‐specific interpretations of good governance. Specifically, the literature draws on Douglass North’s institutional framework, but without paying enough attention to the role of “informal constraints.” This article seeks to address this gap by drawing on primary data.PurposeThis article explores the dilemmas or the “informal constraints” facing actors in implementing governance aid, exploring this phenomenon through the case of Australia’s aid for good governance to Myanmar during 2012–2017. The principal question is: what are the informal constraints or dilemmas confronting actors when implementing governance aid?MethodsThe article is based on individual semi‐structured interviews with key informants based in Myanmar and Australia alongside analysis of government reports from development organizations working in Myanmar.FindingsIn Myanmar, the informal constraints facing actors include the inordinate role of the military in political life, the issue of decentralization and problematic nationalist discourses within the education system. This research also argues that Australia’s approach is deeply embedded in the same neoliberal ethos that prominent multilateral institutions have also followed, with little acknowledgement of the context‐specific informal constraints that actors confront when implementing governance aid in Myanmar.Policy ImplicationWhen discussing good governance, there is a need to recognize the informal constraints in implementing governance aid. In the case of Australia’s governance aid to Myanmar, little has been done to address or acknowledge the context‐specific challenges facing Myanmar’s quest for good governance.
Body condition helps to explain metabolic rate variation in wolf spiders
Authors: Uiterwaal Stella F. , DeLong John P. 
Published: April 2019

1. Metabolism is the fundamental process that powers life. Understanding what drives metabolism is therefore critical to our understanding of the ecology and behaviour of organisms in nature.2. Metabolic rate generally scales with body size according to a power law. However, considerable unexplained variation in metabolic rate remains after accounting for body mass with scaling functions.3. We measured resting metabolic rates (oxygen consumption) of 227 field‐caught wolf spiders. Then, we tested for effects of body mass, species, and body condition on metabolic rate.4. Metabolic rate scales with body mass to the 0.85 power in these wolf spiders, and there are metabolic rate differences between species. After accounting for these factors, residual variation in metabolic rate is related to spider body condition (abdomen:cephalothorax ratio). Spiders with better body condition consume more oxygen.5. These results indicate that recent foraging history is an important determinant of metabolic rate, suggesting that although body mass and taxonomic identity are important, other factors can provide helpful insights into metabolic rate variation in ecological communities.
Climate change and variability impacts on grazing herds: Insights from a system dynamics approach for semi‐arid Australian rangelands
Authors: Godde Cecile , Dizyee Kanar , Ash Andrew , Thornton Philip , Sloat Lindsey , Roura Eugeni , Henderson Benjamin , Herrero Mario 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGrazing livestock are an important source of food and income for millions of people worldwide. Changes in mean climate and increasing climate variability are affecting grasslands' carrying capacity, thus threatening the livelihood of millions of people as well as the health of grassland ecosystems. Compared with cropping systems, relatively little is known about the impact of such climatic changes on grasslands and livestock productivity and the adaptation responses available to farmers. In this study, we analysed the relationship between changes in mean precipitation, precipitation variability, farming practices and grazing cattle using a system dynamics approach for a semi‐arid Australian rangeland system. We found that forage production and animal stocking rates were significantly affected by drought intensities and durations as well as by long‐term climate trends. After a drought event, herd size recovery times ranged from years to decades in the absence of proactive restocking through animal purchases. Decreases in the annual precipitation means or increases in the interannual (year‐to‐year) and intra‐annual (month‐to‐month) precipitation variability, all reduced herd sizes. The contribution of farming practices versus climate effect on herd dynamics varied depending on the herd characteristics considered. Climate contributed the most to the variance in stocking rates, followed by forage productivity levels and feeding supplementation practices (with or without urea and molasses). While intensification strategies and favourable climates increased long‐term herd sizes, they also resulted in larger reductions in animal numbers during droughts and raised total enteric methane emissions. In the face of future climate trends, the grazing sector will need to increase its adaptability. Understanding which farming strategies can be beneficial, where, and when, as well as the enabling mechanisms required to implement them, will be critical for effectively improving rangelands and the livelihoods of pastoralists worldwide.
A middle Miocene post‐rift stress regime revealed by dikes and mesoscale faults in the Kakunodate area, NE Japan
Authors: Haji Toshiki , Hosoi Jun , Yamaji Atsushi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSignificant advances were made in the last century in the investigations of the Neogene stress history of the NE Japan arc. However, previous studies have failed to fully resolve middle Miocene post‐rift stress conditions owing to their assumption of Andersonian faulting and an inability to determine maximum and intermediate stress axes from dike orientations. We applied the latest methods of paleostress analysis in this study to igneous dikes and mesoscale faults in the Kakunodate area of the NE Japan arc to elucidate post‐rift stress conditions. Stratigraphic constraints and U–Pb dating indicate that the doleritic and dacitic dikes were formed at 16–12 Ma and 15–12 Ma, respectively. Dolerite and dacite dikes yielded NW–SE extensional stresses with intermediate and low stress ratios, respectively. Mesoscale faults in the middle Miocene formations of the studied area indicated similar stresses. We suggest the sluggish deformations resulting in the dike intrusion and faulting in the normal‐faulting stress regime after the termination of intra‐arc rifting at ca. 15 Ma.
Absence of the β1 subunit of AMP‐activated protein kinase reduces myofibroblast infiltration of the kidneys in early diabetes
Authors: Choy Suet‐Wan , Fraser Scott A. , Katerelos Marina , Galic Sandra , Kemp Bruce E. , Mount Peter F. , Power David A. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryActivation of the heterotrimeric energy‐sensing kinase AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been reported to improve experimental diabetic kidney disease. We examined the effect of type 1 diabetes in wild‐type (WT) mice and mice lacking the β1 subunit of AMPK (AMPK β1−/− mice), which have reduced AMPK activity in kidneys and other organs. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (STZ) and the animals followed up for 4 weeks. Hyperglycaemia was more severe in diabetic AMPK β1−/− mice, despite the absence of any difference in serum levels of insulin, adiponectin and leptin. There was no change in AMPK activity in the kidneys of diabetic WT mice by AMPK activity assay, or phosphorylation of either the αT172 activation site on the α catalytic subunit of AMPK or the AMPK‐specific phosphosite S79 on acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Phosphorylation of the inhibitory αS485 site on the α subunit of AMPK was significantly increased in the WT diabetic mice compared to non‐diabetic controls. Despite increased plasma glucose levels in the diabetic AMPK β1−/− mice, there were fewer myofibroblasts in the kidneys compared to diabetic WT mice, as evidenced by reduced α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) protein by Western blot, mRNA by qRT‐PCR and fewer α‐SMA‐positive cells by immunohistochemical staining. Albuminuria was also reduced in the AMPK β1−/− mice. In contrast to previous studies, therefore, myofibroblasts were reduced in the kidneys of AMPK β1−/− diabetic mice compared to diabetic WT mice, despite increased circulating glucose, suggesting that AMPK can worsen renal fibrosis in type 1 diabetes.
Variety–compound–quality relationship of 12 sweet cherry varieties by HPLC‐chemometric analysis
Authors: Jia Chaoshuang , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Sun Yu gang , Wu Peng 
Published: April 2019

SummaryIn this study, 12 sweet cherry varieties grown in Shandong (China) were compared based on their quality indices and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints, along with chemometric discrimination by similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis. The established sample preparation and analysis methods represented a non‐targeted and practical approach with reasonably high sensitivity, precision, stability and reproducibility, providing comprehensive evaluation of the quality of sweet cherries while allowing the tentative classification of cherry varieties. The results revealed the variety‐dependent nature of the HPLC fingerprints of sweet cherries, and the fruit groupings according to their chemical composition (three groups based on phenolics, or four groups if organic acids were of main interest). All cherries were rich in organic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, anthocyanins, flavan‐3‐ols, flavonols and other flavonoids, with malic acid, cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, p‐coumaroylquinic acid, neochlorogenic acid and rutin as the characteristic compounds (in the range of 0.57–1.80, 0.002–1.390, 0.370–3.083, 0.38–1.87 and 0.020–0.167 mg g−1 fruit fresh weight, respectively). While anthocyanin and flavonol patterns were useful for a varietal assignment of cherries, cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside could represent a preliminary index for grouping similar cultivars and colours.
Finding Common Ground? European Union and European Civil Society Framing of the Role of Trade in the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Holden Patrick 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe debate on the Sustainable Development Goals framework offered a set piece for civil society organizations/CSOs to challenge institutions such as the EU. This article maps and analyzes how the EU's framing of trade policy in the SDGs related to that of European CSOs. The process is understood in terms of the interaction of different forms of ideational power. Key lines of contestation emerged over the question of constraining market forces. The lead EU institutions adopted some of the CSO's moral economy discourse but used various techniques to insulate trade policy from interventionist thought. They allocated a new range of responsibilities to developing countries, ignored numerous political issues and rejected calls for more regulatory global governance from CSOs and the European Parliament. To do so they were able to deploy a range of ideational and institutional powers. However, EU trade policy remains full of contradictions and potential ‘rhetoric traps’.
Investigation of new treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma: a combination of sorafenib with usnic acid
Authors: Yurdacan Beste , Egeli Unal , Guney Eskiler Gamze , Eryilmaz Isil Ezgi , Cecener Gulsah , Tunca Berrin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Sorafenib (SOR) is an orally administered molecular targeted agent in the systemic chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the partial response of SOR is limited due to its adverse side effect and high heterogeneity and resistant phenotype of HCC. In the current study, we investigated synergistic effects of SOR and usnic acid (UA) on HCC cell lines including HepG2 and SNU-449, and a normal cell line, HUVEC.

Methods
The antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of combination therapy and SOR alone were analysed by WST-1 and Annexin V analysis, respectively. Furthermore, cell cycle, gene expression analysis of SOR-targeted kinases and acridine orange–ethidium bromide staining were also performed in combined treatments.

Key findings
Our results demonstrated that SOR and UA combination indicated a strong synergism in HCC cell lines and reduced SOR toxicity in HUVEC cells. Additionally, the combination treatment SOR and UA significantly induced much more apoptotic cell death and G0/G1 arrest through downregulation of SOR-targeted kinases.

Conclusions
Consequently, SOR and UA combination could be a new therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
Over‐, Required, and Undereducation: Consequences on the Bottom Lines of Firms
Authors: Kampelmann Stephan , Mahy Benoît , Rycx François , Vermeylen Guillaume 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe provide first evidence regarding the direct effect of over‐, required, and undereducation on the bottom lines of firms across work environments. We use detailed Belgian linked employer–employee panel data, rely on the methodological approach pioneered by Hellersteinet al. (1999), and estimate dynamic panel data models at the firm level. Our findings show an ‘inverted L’ profitability profile: undereducation is associated with lower profits, whereas higher levels of required and overeducation are correlated with positive economic rents of roughly the same magnitude. The size of these effects is amplified in firms experiencing economic uncertainty or operating in high‐tech/knowledge sectors.
British laughter and humor in the long 18th century
Authors: Zuroski Eugenia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis essay offers an overview of recent scholarship on British humor, satire, comedy, and laughter in the long 18th century. It focuses on scholarship that asks what provoked laughter in the 18th century, how the ethics and morals of laughter were gauged and contested, and what the political and social effects of laughter were, particularly in the context of cultural change and political crisis. Studies of laughter and humor demonstrate that 18th‐century British culture was, in many ways, not characterized by codes of politeness and sociability. Satiric laughter proved a potent but unpredictable political instrument, particularly in cases of anti‐religious humor, as likely to undermine or exceed humor's political objectives as it was to realize them. Laughter also generated new publics that wrested moral authority from traditional seats of power. Humor's effects were as multitudinous as the formal and rhetorical techniques it employed to generate feeling in readers and audiences, and the field has benefitted from a variety of methodologies and critical frameworks to explore its complex cultural and political functions.
Psychological outcomes of life story work for community‐dwelling seniors: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lai Claudia K. Y. , Chin Kenny C. W. , Zhang Yu , Chan Engle Angela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveLife story work has a long tradition in the caring sciences and has been found to serve a number of psychological functions. The effects of life story work on the psychological well‐being of community‐dwelling older people were examined in this study.Design and methodsFor this randomised controlled trial, 244 community‐dwelling participants in 17 social centres run by a non‐governmental organisation were recruited. The participants were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 124) and control (n = 120) groups. Each member of the intervention group worked with a volunteer to prepare his/her life storybook, while those in the control group participated in a social program. Data were collected at baseline, immediately postintervention, and at three and six months postintervention. The outcomes included measures of life satisfaction, self‐esteem, general mental well‐being and depressive symptoms.ResultsNo significant interaction effect was observed between the groups over time, except for an improvement in the general mental well‐being of the control group at three months postintervention.ConclusionsA comparison of the findings in the literature showed that some positive results were reported for LSW studies conducted in nursing homes, whereas in community studies, the results were not always positive. Life story work for seniors in the community did not have the same positive outcomes as previously observed among nursing home residents. It is possible that the intervention had a greater effect on more deprived individuals. Community‐dwelling seniors can be encouraged to participate in social activities, which apparently can lead to similar outcomes.Implications for practiceClinicians should not assume that similar interventions can have similar effects when delivered in a different setting. Community‐dwelling seniors can be encouraged to participate in social activities, which can also promote psychological wellbeing similar to to the effects of activities related to life story work.
QTL mapping of improving forage maize starch degradability in European elite maize germplasm
Authors: Leng Pengfei , Ouzunova Milena , Landbeck Matthias , Wenzel Gerhard , Lübberstedt Thomas , Darnhofer Birte , Eder Joachim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImproving maize starch content is of great importance for both forage and grain yield. In this study, 13 starch degradability traits were analysed including percentage of the seedling area, floury endosperm, hard endosperm of total grain area, percentage of the floury endosperm surface and vitreousness ratio surface hard: floury endosperm surface, etc. We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a biparental population of 309 doubled haploid lines based on field phenotyping at two locations. A genetic linkage map was constructed using 168 SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers, which covered 1508 cM of the maize genome, with an average distance of 9.0 cM. Close phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for all traits, and were all statistically significant (p = 0.01) at two locations. Major QTL for more than two traits were detected, especially in two regions in bins 4.05–4.06 and 7.04–7.05, associated with 13 and 9 traits, respectively. This study contributes to marker‐assisted breeding and also to fine mapping candidate genes associated with maize starch degradability.
Affective picture processing: Alpha‐ and lower beta‐band desynchronization reflects emotional arousal
Authors: Schubring David , Schupp Harald T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEEG power analysis is firmly established in the cognitive domain. This contrasts with emotional stimulus processing, which thus far has yielded a complex and ambiguous pattern of findings. To further advance understanding, the present study examined emotional stimulus processing in the context of task variations and baseline activity, which included several manipulation checks as well as internal replication of findings across conditions. Participants (N = 16) viewed erotic and romantic pictures, differing in stimulus arousal. Pictures were presented briefly (120 ms), and intertrial interval was systematically varied (~1 vs. ~8 s). In one condition, participants passively viewed the pictures, in the other, they performed an active picture categorization task. The processing of erotic compared to romantic images was associated with a decrease in power in the alpha and lower beta band in posterior and anterior sensor clusters between 600–1,000 ms poststimulus. The finding was robust and confirmed across conditions, different quantifications, and independent from baseline activity. Furthermore, key findings regarding explicit task effects as well as ERPs sensitive to emotional arousal were replicated. Results are discussed with respect to the hypothesis that alpha‐ and lower beta‐band activity may reflect cortical activation associated with emotional stimulus significance.
Original sin in Marsilio Ficino's Platonic works
Authors: Curiello Gioacchino 
Published: April 2019

AbstractScholars generally agree that Marsilio Ficino neglects the issue of original sin in his theological works and never mentions it in his Platonic writings. My work will show that not only does Ficino refer to the doctrine of original sin but also that some of his passages make more sense if one were to relate them to this doctrine. I will argue that although Ficino knows the ecclesiastical teachings on the subject, principally via Aquinas (II), he goes beyond his sources and strives to frame them within his own theology. More specifically, to reconstruct Ficino's position, I will look for theological questions in his Platonic works along two perspectives: First, I will search for Biblical passages on original sin (III.1); and secondly, for references to baptism, that is the sacrament reputed to wash away original sin from the human soul (III.2). Next, I will study the role of original sin in Ficino's philosophical anthropology. In particular, I will analyse the relationship Ficino establishes between the Fall of the first parents and the embodiment of the soul and show that the latter is a consequence of the former (IV).
The Effects of Women Officeholders on Environmental Policy
Authors: Atchison Amy L. , Down Ian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStudies show that women and girls consistently demonstrate higher levels of concern for the environment than men and boys. Separately, research also indicates that women officeholders pay particular attention to the issues prioritized by their female constituents. Interestingly, despite the consistency of the gender gap in attitudes to environmental issues the literature has paid scant attention to the role of women officeholders in the adoption of environmental policy. The goal of this paper was to start to address that lacuna. Using pooled cross‐sectional time series analyses of environmental standards in 18 Western parliamentary democracies (1990–2012), our initial findings indicate women officeholders are associated with the adoption of higher environmental standards.