bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ramadan fasting experience of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Oman
Authors: Al-Marzouqi Zalikha , Momani Aaliyah , Al-Mamari Halima 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects >50% of pregnancies in many Arab countries. However, few studies have explored the impact of Ramadan fasting on pregnant women with GDM and no such study has been conducted in Oman. Therefore, this is the first study in Oman which aimed to examine the experience of pregnant women with GDM during Ramadan fasting.

Methods:
This study employed a rigorous qualitative design, guided by a constructivist grounded theory approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with women with GDM in the North Batinah Governorate of Oman at four primary health-care institutions. Purposive and theoretical sampling was utilized.

Results:
The experiences of 20 women were discussed during the interviews. Two main themes, “encouraging experiences” and “worrying experiences” emerged from the constant comparative analysis. Encouraging experiences included belief, family influence, embarrassment, sharing spiritual moments, and coping approaches. Worrying experiences included health problems, fear of harming babies, and advice from health-care professionals. This led to the development of the core category “Finding A Balance,” which means that women with GDM who fasted and did not fast during Ramadan were attempting to maintain their blood sugar to avoid harming themselves and their fetus.

Conclusion:
The insights gained from understanding the experiences of pregnant women with GDM are crucial as they guide the development of the best approaches to health education and supportive programs for pregnant women with GDM. Pregnant women with GDM who wish to fast should be informed about the potential risks associated with fasting during pregnancy.
Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of the Selective Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Topiroxostat in Tablets: Greenness Analysis Using AGREE Score
Authors: Madhavi Arram , Srinivas Medidi , Gupta Niraj 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a key enzyme in the breakdown of purines. It converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and then xanthine to uric acid. Excess uric acid can lead to gout, a painful type of arthritis. XOR inhibitors such as topiroxostat are used to treat gout by reducing uric acid production, preventing the formation of uric acid crystals.

Aim and Objectives:
A simple and sensitive analytical method was developed to quantify the xanthine oxidase inhibitor topiroxostat in tablet formulation.

Materials and Methods:
The analyte was seperated on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm particle size) using a mobile phase of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate pH 2.5 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile (60:40 % v/v) pumped at 1.0 mL/min. Detection of the effluent was done using a UV detector at a wavelength of 215 nm.

Results:
The retention time for topiroxostat was 3.81 min. The drug showed linearity within the concentration range of 18–42 μg/mL. The accuracy of the method was considered satisfactory and the mean recovery percentage in the acceptable range of 99.33-100.45 %.

Conclusion:
The RP-HPLC method was successfully developed and validated according to ICH guidelines. The AGREE software was used to assess the environmental friendliness score of the proposed method, which was determined to be 0.79. The proposed method was simple, precise, sensitive, rapid, and robust for estimating topiroxostat in tablets.
Investigation of Groundnut Shell Powder as Potential Super Disintegrant in Chronotherapeutic Delivery of Sacubitril–valsartan
Authors: Aleti Rajeswari , Nijhawan Monika , Gunnam Sailaja , Bakhatwar Mohammad , Thota Pavan Kumar , Adireddy Krishna Kishore , Baratam Srinivasa Rao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Chronotherapeutic delivery of antihypertensives plays a potential role in the treatment by providing a therapeutic amount of drug at the target site in the body. Sacubitril–valsartan (SV), an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, has been indicated for the treatment of hypertension. The study explores the formulation and evaluation of compression-coated tablets (CCTs) of SV using a natural super disintegrant in the core tablet for chronotherapeutic drug delivery.

Aim and Objective:
The main objective of the current investigation is to study the applicability of groundnut shell powder (GSP) as super disintegrant and its role in chronotherapeutic drug delivery.

Materials and Methods:
Core tablets of SV were prepared using different concentrations of natural excipient (GSP) and compression coated. The CCT was evaluated for the postcompression tableting properties, in vitro drug release, Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), and stability studies and compared the disintegrating property with a synthetic excipient (crospovidone).

Results:
The results of the in vitro dissolution performance of core tablets indicated that the incorporation of GSP as a super disintegrant significantly reduced the disintegration time. Optimized core tablets were subjected to compression coating using a graded concentration of cellulose acetate phthalate as coating polymer and evaluated tableting properties and dissolution performance. Among all the formulations, CCT5 with 8% GSP in the core, coated with 300 mg coating polymer shown 6 h lag time followed by the rapid release of the drug within 1 h. Accelerated stability studies on optimized formulation revealed that there were no significant changes in the tableting parameters after storage indicating the stability of the formulation.

Conclusion:
The use of natural disintegrant in the core tablet offers a promising approach for rapid release of drug from CCT after a lag time of 6 h to achieve chronotherapy of SV.
Phytochemical profiling and anticancer potential of Cymbopogon citratus extract
Authors: Almutairi Bader O. , Almutairi Mikhlid H. , Al-Dahmash Badr A. , Alkahtani Saad , Alarifi Saud , Rady Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the anticancer potential of Cymbopogon citratus extract.

Methods:
GC-MS analysis was used to identify phytocomponents in the methanolic extract of Cymbopogon citratus. A fractionation method was employed to isolate and assess the bioactivity of different fractions and their cytotoxic activities against cancer cell lines HCT116, LoVo, Caco-2, and HT-29 were investigated. A dual staining method with acridine orange and ethidium bromide was used to assess the effect of the extract on cell apoptosis. Additionally, the expression levels of Bax and TP53 were quantified using realtime PCR in Caco-2 cells treated with the ethyl acetate fraction of Cymbopogon citratus extract. A protein array was employed to profile key pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in Caco-2 cells. Moreover, molecular docking studies were conducted to investigate the interactions between key compounds of Cymbopogon citratus extract and specific apoptosis-related protein domains (PDB IDs: 7wql and 4bkx).

Results:
A significant growth inhibition was observed in Caco-2 cells treated with Cymbopogon citratus extract. Among the seven fractions of the plant extract, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells with an IC50 value of (6.16 ± 0.01) μg/mL. The immunofluorescence assay showed that the ethyl acetate fraction could induce apoptosis of Caco-2 cells. Moreover, the fraction upregulated the gene expressions of Bax and TP53 in a dose-dependent manner. The docking analysis demonstrated the interaction of five compounds isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction with key proteins in Caco-2 cells, indicating their anticancer properties.

Conclusions:

Cymbopogon citratus extract shows anticancer activity against Caco-2 cells by inducing apoptosis. It may be a promising candidate for the treatment of colon cancer, which needs further investigation.
B3 lesions of the breast and upgrade risk: Predicting patients at low risk
Authors: Russell Michael , Bindra Vanshay , Zhou Lifeng , Ramsaroop Reena , Gerred Susan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
B3 lesions of the breast are a heterogeneous group of pathologies, which are indeterminate for malignancy. They vary in their risk of upgrade to malignancy from 8% to 25%. Standard practice in New Zealand is for routine surgical excision of these lesions to rule out malignancy. There is concern that this approach may constitute overtreatment for a large group of patients. This has prompted research into methods to predict those patients at low risk of upgrade who may be suitable for less invasive management strategies.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective audit was carried out on all B3 lesions diagnosed at a large tertiary breast surgery service over 10 years from January 2010 to December 2019. The rate of upgrade was calculated for each B3 lesion subtype and in those subtypes with sufficient numbers. Logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results:
A total of 524 patients were identified as appropriate for analysis, overall the risk of upgrade to pre-invasive or invasive malignancy was 17.6%. The risk of upgrade was highest in atypical ductal hyperplasia (29.2%) and lowest for fibroepithelial lesions (1.96%). Logistic regression revealed that patient age was associated with the risk of upgrade, and lesion size approached statistical significance. For the subgroup of papillary lesions (PL), histological atypia was strongly associated with upgrade risk. A predictive model was created for these lesions, this has identified that the group of patients with PL without atypia, lesion size <10 mm and age <60 years have a very low risk of upgrade.

Conclusion:
B3 lesions pose a diagnostic challenge due to their variable risk of upgrade, with the risk of overtreatment of a large number of patients when pursuing routine surgical excision. Patients with PL without atypia, lesion size <10 mm and age <60 years have a very low risk of malignancy and should be managed with less invasive methods, such as vacuum-assisted biopsy.
A questionnaire survey of current practice in the management of phyllodes tumour
Authors: Anam Jay Rashmi , Garach Niharika Rajan , Chitkara Garvit , Rao Manjula , Kirti Karishma , Chaudhary Neha , Bindlish Ridhima , Maniar Vashishth , Maheshwari Udip D , Chordiya Nilesh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cystosarcoma phyllodes tumours are rare tumours that account for <1% of all breast masses. Because of their rarity, there are no standard guidelines for their management. The present survey study aimed to assess the current practices and perceptions of clinicians who treat phyllodes tumours of the breast in India.

Materials and Methods:
After validation, an online questionnaire that assessed the current practice and nuances of treating phyllodes tumours of the breast was sent to Indian clinicians who treat such cases. Information on the method of diagnosis and treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, was evaluated.

Results:
A total of 146 clinicians participated in the survey. Most participants (87.7%) reported that they preferred a core needle biopsy for diagnosis along with other imaging modalities. The majority of the surgeons (80.2%) were willing to offer breast conservation surgery even for malignant phyllodes tumours whenever possible. With respect to resection margins, participants preferred narrower margins (1 cm) for benign tumours and wider margins (≥1 cm) for borderline and malignant tumours. Furthermore, although most surgeons reported that they resected the overlying skin and underlying muscle, they refrained from axillary clearance. Finally, radiotherapy was offered by a majority of participants for recurrent and malignant tumours. About 12.3% of participants were offered adjuvant chemotherapy for malignant phyllodes tumours.

Conclusion:
This survey study reveals important aspects of the current practice of treating phyllodes tumours of the breast. The results of the study will help us to understand the current perceptions about the treatment.
Prevalence of post-intensive care syndrome: Observations from a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Chatterjee Rupak , Mukherjee Shatavisa , Kharbanda Mohit , Purkayastha Deboraj Dey , Pramanik Netai 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) refers to physical, cognitive and psychological symptoms that occur after a patient is discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU).

Aims:
The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of PICS among ICU survivors of a tertiary care setup in Eastern India.

Methods:
A single-centre prospective cohort study was conducted amongst patients admitted to the ICU. A predefined, structured interview in 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month after ICU admission was done. Baseline characteristics were noted. Physical and cognitive impairment, psychological distress and general health were assessed using the Barthel Index (BI), mini-mental state examination (MMSE) tool, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale.

Results:
Of the 150 patients included in the study, the mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 20.87. The leading cause of ICU admission was sepsis (40.7%), followed by acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia (14%). The median stay in the ICU was 8 days. Mean BI significantly decreased from 79.20 at baseline to 60.17 and 64.33 in the 3rd and 6th months, respectively. The mean HADS-Depression score increased from 3.79 at baseline to 7.08 at 3rd and 5.92 at 6th month. Similarly, the mean HADS-Anxiety score increased from 4.37 at baseline to 7.44 at 3rd and 6.31 at 6th month. The mean MMSE score decreased from 24.61 at baseline to 22.26 at the 3rd and 6th months, respectively. Thus, PICS was recorded in 90% of cases in the 3rd month and 89.3% in the 6th month.

Conclusion:
The management of PICS involves a multidisciplinary approach, including physical rehabilitation, cognitive rehabilitation and psychological support.
Nurses care for everyone: But who cares for a nurse?
Authors: Olorunfemi Olaolorunpo , Akintoke Titilope Elizabeth , Owoyomi Deborah Oluwaseun , Orobode Oluwakemi Rita , Owadokun Janet Funmilola , Oahimijie Florence Onyemaechi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Nurses provide essential services across diverse healthcare settings, yet their own health and well-being are often overlooked. The physical, mental, and emotional demands of their profession can lead to burnout, stress, and various health issues. Ensuring nurses’ well-being is vital not only for their personal health but also for maintaining high-quality patient care. Therefore, this review seeks to explore the challenges nurses face in maintaining their own well-being This review synthesizes data from peer-reviewed journals, reports, and studies from the past decade. PubMed, Google Scholar, and CINAHL were searched using keywords like “nurse well-being,” “burnout,” “mental health in nursing,” and “occupational stress.” Relevant articles focusing on nurses’ well-being, challenges, and interventions were selected The findings of this review indicate that nurses face a range of challenges that adversely affect their well-being, including long working hours, inadequate staffing, exposure to traumatic events, and limited access to mental health resources. The review also highlights the significant impact of these challenges on nurses’ physical health, leading to musculoskeletal issues and chronic fatigue, as well as their mental health, resulting in burnout, anxiety, and depression. Several studies suggest that interventions such as workplace wellness programs, mental health support, flexible scheduling, and organizational changes aimed at reducing workload can positively influence nurse well-being. In Conclusion the well-being of nurses is a critical issue that requires immediate attention from healthcare institutions, policymakers, and society at large. This review demonstrates that while nurses are indispensable in caring for others, their health is often compromised due to the demands of their profession. To ensure the sustainability of healthcare systems, it is essential to implement comprehensive strategies that support the physical, emotional, and mental well-being of nurses.
An Observational Study on Female Genital Dermatoses and the Impact of Chronic Genital Dermatoses on Quality of Life in Adult Females
Authors: Nivalika A. S. A. , Prabhu Smitha S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Female genital dermatoses (FGD) or vulvar dermatoses are a group of disorders that affect the vulva and contiguous parts. Most of the FGDs can be chronic or recurrent. Effects on Quality of life (QoL) in patients having dermatological conditions are well studied but this is not the case in vulvar dermatoses.

Aims:
We aimed to study the etiology of genital dermatoses in females attending the Dermatology Out Patient Department (OPD) and to assess QoL in females with chronic FGD (>6 weeks duration).

Settings and Design:
This was an observational study on female patients with vulvar complaints presenting to dermatology OPD. Both venereal and nonvenereal dermatoses were enrolled. QoL was assessed in females with chronic FGD using a self-administered Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis:
Sample size was calculated using the formula

JOURNAL/ijod/04.03/00076423-202409000-00004/inline-graphic1/v/2024-11-01T143959Z/r/image-tiff

Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages (%) and continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and median. The normality of the data was tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test or non-parametric test. A t-test was used for the estimation of the mean.

Results:
Ninety-seven patients were included in our study; Vulvovaginal candidiasis was the most common dermatoses (22.6%); Lichen simplex chronicus (11.3%) the commonest non-venereal dermatoses. 57 (58.7%) had chronic FGD, among whom 43 (75.4%) had significant QoL impairment.

Conclusions:
Infectious etiologies predominated. There was significant impairment in QoL in females with chronic FGD.
Steri-Strip Sling Technique – A Simple Procedure for the Management of Ingrown Toenails – A Prospective Study
Authors: Ranjan Eeshaan , Arora Sandeep , Sharma Neha , Tripathy Durga M. , Neema Shekhar , Srivastava Shailendra , Agarwal Reetu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Ingrown toenail is a nail disorder that commonly affects great toenails. Surgical modalities are commonly used as first-line treatment. A conservative approach is preferable as surgical procedures lead to pain and affect routine activities. Our aim is to study the efficacy of a new conservative technique using steri-stripTM for the treatment of mild to moderate ingrown toenails as an outpatient procedure.

Methods:
Fifty patients presenting with stage 1–2 ingrown toenails were treated with the ‘steri-strip sling technique’. Steri-stripTM is inserted between the disto-lateral edge of the nail plate and nail fold and secured with an elastic bandage. The dressing is kept till the nail edge grows over the nail fold and stops penetrating the skin. Patients were reviewed every week for a month after the treatment and monthly thereafter. The final result was assessed at 6 months. The success of treatment was assessed clinically and by patient satisfaction levels.

Results:
Fifty patients were treated and followed up. Immediately after the procedure, all patients reported significant relief in pain. After 6 months, 46 out of 50 patients were satisfied with the treatment and showed no recurrence. No complications were reported.

Conclusion:
The ‘Steri-stripTM sling technique’ is a simple and effective outpatient procedure for the management of mild to moderate ingrown toenails.
A Multi-Centre Analysis of Serum IgE Levels in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Yu Xin , Li Linfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the characteristics of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) (tIgE) and allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) to 20 common allergens in 154 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). To assess the correlation of clinical food allergy with positive food allergens’ sIgE results. We further discuss the significance of IgE as a potential biomarker for AD disease severity.

Methods:
A total of 154 AD patients were collected from 15 hospitals nationwide in China from 2019 to 2021. Serum IgE was measured using reverse-enzyme immuno capture test (REAST). Patients were required to have at least one positive sIgE (N ≥ 0.35 IU/mL). Patients were divided into groups according to different genders, ages, disease severity, and regions. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Compared with adolescent and adult AD, infancy and childhood AD showed significantly higher frequencies of positive sIgE to food allergens, including egg, cow milk, and wheat (P < 0.01). However, adolescent and adult AD showed significantly higher frequencies of positive sIgE to inhale allergens, dermatophagoides farinae, and house dust mite. In addition, sIgE in different sexes were different. Compared with women, men showed higher frequencies of positive allergen-specific IgE level to wheat, dermatophagoides farinae, and house dust mite. The most common food allergens with elevated sIgE levels were egg (71%), cow milk (39%) and wheat (32%). However, AD patients reported seafood, including crab, shrimp, and fish, as the most frequent food allergens which aggravate their AD disease in their daily life. Only 18 (12%) patients reported definite correlation of clinical practice with positive food allergens’ IgE results. Among 154 sIgE-positive patients, 99 patients had an increase of tIgE (≥60 IU/ml). TIgE levels were significantly different between mild (193 ± 239 IU/mL), moderate (170 ± 202 IU/mL), and severe (375 ± 343 IU/mL) forms of AD patients (P < 0.01). AD patients with accompanied allergic diseases showed significantly higher tIgE levels than those without accompanied allergic symptoms (280 ± 286 IU/mL vs 194 ± 248 IU/mL).

Conclusion:
Neither sIgE nor tIgE levels can be used to evaluate the condition or severity of AD. AD patients with accompanied allergic diseases showed significantly higher tIgE levels than those without accompanied allergic symptoms. Infantile AD patients are more allergic to food, while adolescents and adults are more allergic to environmental antigens. IgE tests must be interpreted by combining with clinical history to avoid unnecessary food avoidance. Early food allergen introduction for infants may be promising for the prevention of food allergies.