bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The horse Y chromosome as an informative marker for tracing sire lines
Authors: Felkel Sabine , Vogl Claus , Rigler Doris , Dobretsberger Viktoria , Chowdhary Bhanu P. , Distl Ottmar , Fries Ruedi , Jagannathan Vidhya , Janečka Jan E. , Leeb Tosso , Lindgren Gabriella , McCue Molly , Metzger Julia , Neuditschko Markus , Rattei Thomas , Raudsepp Terje , Rieder Stefan , Rubin Carl-Johan , Schaefer Robert , Schlötterer Christian , Thaller Georg , Tetens Jens , Velie Brandon , Brem Gottfried , Wallner Barbara 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAnalysis of the Y chromosome is the best-established way to reconstruct paternal family history in humans. Here, we applied fine-scaled Y-chromosomal haplotyping in horses with biallelic markers and demonstrate the potential of our approach to address the ancestry of sire lines. We de novo assembled a draft reference of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome from Illumina short reads and then screened 5.8 million basepairs for variants in 130 specimens from intensively selected and rural breeds and nine Przewalski’s horses. Among domestic horses we confirmed the predominance of a young’crown haplogroup’ in Central European and North American breeds. Within the crown, we distinguished 58 haplotypes based on 211 variants, forming three major haplogroups. In addition to two previously characterised haplogroups, one observed in Arabian/Coldblooded and the other in Turkoman/Thoroughbred horses, we uncovered a third haplogroup containing Iberian lines and a North African Barb Horse. In a genealogical showcase, we distinguished the patrilines of the three English Thoroughbred founder stallions and resolved a historic controversy over the parentage of the horse ‘Galopin’, born in 1872. We observed two nearly instantaneous radiations in the history of Central and Northern European Y-chromosomal lineages that both occurred after domestication 5,500 years ago.
3D visualisation of hepatitis B vaccine in the oral delivery vehicle SBA-15
Authors: Rasmussen Martin K. , Kardjilov Nikolay , Oliveira Cristiano L. P. , Watts Benjamin , Villanova Julie , Botosso Viviane Fongaro , Sant’Anna Osvaldo A. , Fantini Marcia C. A. , Bordallo Heloisa N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeveloping a technology that enables oral vaccines to work efficiently remains a considerable effort since a number of difficulties must be addressed. The key objective being to ensure the safe passage through the harsh conditions within the gastrointestinal tract, promoting delivery that induces enhanced immune response. In the particular case of hepatitis B, the oral formulation in the nanostructured silica SBA-15 is a viable approach. As a result of its porous structure, low toxicity and structural stability, SBA-15 is capable to protect and release the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), used in the vaccination scheme, at the desired destination. Furthermore, when compared to the currently used injection based delivery method, better or similar antibody response has been observed. However, information about the organisation of the antigen protein remains unknown. For instance, HBsAg is too large to enter the 10 nm ordered mesopores of SBA-15 and has a tendency to agglomerate when protected by the delivery system. Here we report on the pH dependence of HBsAg aggregation in saline solution investigated using small angle X-rays scattering that resulted in an optimisation of the encapsulation conditions. Additionally, X-ray microscopy combined with neutron and X-ray tomography provided full 3D information of the HBsAg clustering (i.e. agglomeration) inside the SBA-15 macropores. This method enables the visualisation of the organisation of the antigen in the interior of the delivery system, where agglomerated HBsAg coexists with its immunological effective uniformly distributed counterpart. This new approach, to be taken into account while preparing the formulation, can greatly help in the understanding of clinical studies and advance new formulations.
Charge balance control of quantum dot light emitting diodes with atomic layer deposited aluminum oxide interlayers
Authors: Jin Hoseok , Moon Hyungseok , Lee Woosuk , Hwangbo Hyeok , Yong Sang Heon , Chung Ho Kyoon , Chae Heeyeop 
Published: April 2019

We developed a 1.0 nm thick aluminum oxide (Al2O3) interlayer as an electron blocking layer to reduce leakage current and suppress exciton quenching induced by charge imbalance in inverted quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs).
Allosteric regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by adenylate nucleotides and small-molecule drugs
Authors: de Souza Almeida Matos Ana Laura , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Moreira José , Loh Kim , Galic Sandra , Scott John W. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The AMP (adenosine 5′-monophosphate)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis that co-ordinates metabolic processes to ensure energy supply meets demand. At the cellular level, AMPK is activated by metabolic stresses that increase AMP or adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) coupled with falling adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and acts to restore energy balance by choreographing a shift in metabolism in favour of energy-producing catabolic pathways while inhibiting non-essential anabolic processes. AMPK also regulates systemic energy balance and is activated by hormones and nutritional signals in the hypothalamus to control appetite and body weight. Failure to maintain energy balance plays an important role in chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and inflammatory disorders, which has prompted a major drive to develop pharmacological activators of AMPK. An array of small-molecule allosteric activators has now been developed, several of which can activate AMPK by direct allosteric activation, independently of Thr172 phosphorylation, which was previously regarded as indispensable for AMPK activity. In this review, we summarise the state-of-the-art regarding our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern direct allosteric activation of AMPK by adenylate nucleotides and small-molecule drugs.
Se former à la psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent au XXIe siècle
Authors: Moro Marie Rose 
Published: April 2019

Presque 50 ans après le texte de Serge Lebovici sur la formation des internes en psychiatrie, Marie Rose Moro relit ce texte à la lumière de la dernière réforme de la spécialisation en psychiatrie de 2017. Elle s’interroge tout particulièrement sur comment bien former des psychiatres de bébés, d’enfants et d’adolescents. Elle retrace l’histoire de la discipline et les nécessités d’aujourd’hui. Elle analyse le choix des internes pour la spécialisation de psychiatrie et se demande s’il s’agit d’une vocation, d’une sélection ou d’un choix réciproque ? Elle décrit à qui est destinée cette formation de pédopsychiatrie et selon quelle temporalité. Puis elle interroge les modalités pratiques de cette formation et ses exigences : le processus de devenir pédopsychiatre, donner un sens à son rôle, reconnaître ses mouvements contre-transférentiels et les élaborer dans le cadre d’une supervision et s’initier à la recherche. Au total, apprendre la pédopsychiatrie n’est pas un petit sujet
Pourquoi tant de sérendipité dans l’autisme ?
Authors: Gauld Christophe 
Published: April 2019

La sérendipité est l’art de savoir utiliser un heureux accident. Cette notion s’applique tout particulièrement à l’histoire de l’autisme qui a été ponctuée de diverses découvertes par sérendipité au fil du temps. Cependant, le concept va plus loin : il témoigne en réalité d’un champ de science dit « immature », duquel émane des coïncidences susceptibles d’être utilisées à bon escient. C’est ce glissement progressif de la science, permis par la curiosité et la sagacité des chercheurs, que nous allons mettre en lumière dans ce texte. À la suite de quelques exemples emblématiques, nous allons proposer différents concepts épistémologiques qui témoignent de la vivacité de la sérendipité dans le champ de recherche des troubles du spectre autistique.
Pratiques de soins psychiques et diversité culturelle
Authors: Bennabi Bensekhar Malika , Moro Marie Rose 
Published: April 2019

Peu de sociétés sont aujourd’hui épargnées par des dynamiques migratoires. Par l’accélération des interrelations entre individus, territoires et états qu’elles produisent, les rencontres symboliques et virtuelles qui en découlent, ces dynamiques provoquent des ruptures avec les logiques familiales traditionnelles et renforçent la quête d’individuation. Une réflexion étayée par nos rencontres cliniques avec les migrants, dans les lieux de soins qui leur sont dédiés, implique une réinterrogation des fondements théoriques de nos pratiques cliniques transculturelles. Nous réinterrogerons ici les aspects théoriques de l’ethnopsychiatrie que nous considérons comme rendus caduques par l’état du monde en les mettant en perspective avec le contexte sociopolitique et historique de leur constitution. Nous esquisserons aussi les alternatives jugées nécessaires par le fait de devoir intégrer des appartenances diasporiques et des représentations de nature religieuse dans le cadre du soin, parce qu’il faut agir dans le sens d’un « retour à soi » pour favoriser un mouvement vers l’altérité.
Realität der Versorgungssituation der Gicht: Daten zur Klinik, Epidemiologie und Komorbiditäten von 4016 Patienten in Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Triantafyllias Konstantinos , Clasen Marina , Cavagna Lorenzo , de Blasi Michele , Klonowski Anna , Schwarting Andreas 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ziel dieser Datenerhebung war die Untersuchung der klinischen, demografischen und Komorbidität-assoziierten Daten der Gicht sowie der klinischen Praxis der hausärztlichen Gichtversorgung in Rheinland-Pfalz (RL-P).
Methoden Gicht-spezifische Fragebögen wurden über die kassenärztliche Vereinigung an alle Hausarztpraxen in RL-P versendet. Die Fragebögen setzten sich aus Items zur Erfassung von Epidemiologie, Medikation und Komorbiditäten zusammen. Darüber hinaus wurden Fragen zur klinischen Manifestation der Gicht mit einem besonderen Fokus auf therapierefraktäre Fälle eingebunden. Schließlich wurden die Hausärzte angehalten, den aktuellen Versorgungsstatus anhand einer Ratingskala zu bewerten.
Ergebnisse Daten von 4016 Gichtpatienten (Durchschnittsalter zur Zeit der Diagnose: 62,8 Jahre, IQR 55 – 67,8) wurden anonym erhoben. Der überwiegende Anteil der Patienten war männlich (75 %) mit Podagra als häufigste Manifestationsform der Gicht (85 %). Chronisch tophöse Verläufe wurden in 15 % (Median 10 %, IQR 2 – 20) der Fälle angegeben und eine axiale Beteiligung in 2,7 % (Median 0 %, IQR 0 – 2). Durchschnittlich 11,3 % der Fälle (median 10 %, IQR 2,3 – 20) wurden als schwer behandelbar („hard-to-treat gout“) definiert. Trotz alledem wurden Biologika nicht namentlich als verwendete Behandlungsform erwähnt. 32 % der Patienten erhielten die Gichtdiagnose von ihrem Hausarzt, während 68 % weitere Ärzte aufsuchen mussten. Eine definitive Diagnose konnte nach durchschnittlich 3,1 Monaten (Median 0,3, IQR 0,1 – 1) gestellt werden.
Diskussion Zusammenfassend gibt es im Zeitalter der Biologika einen Bedarf zur Optimierung der Gichtversorgung. Wichtige Ziele sind die Verkürzung der Diagnosezeit und die Prävention chronischer Verläufe. Die Schaffung eines gesteigerten Bewusstseins für die Erkrankung Gicht und ihre Komorbiditäten, ein standardisierter Behandlungsplan und Patiententraining könnten wichtige Schritte in diese Richtung sein.
A Simple, Inexpensive, and Precise Photographic Method for Intraoperative Toric IOL Alignment
Authors: Gerding Heinrich , Somfai Gabor , Langenegger Marco 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background It was the aim of this study to analyse the refractive outcome of toric intraocular lens (t-IOL) implantation guided by a newly developed method of photographic alignment.
Material and Methods Fourteen eyes of 10 patients (6 females, 4 males, age 63.4 ± 6.7 (40.6 – 68.0) years [mean ± 1 SD (range)]) were included in this retrospective study. All eyes received an Oculentis Tplus LS-313 (Oculentis, Berlin, Germany) t-IOL after standard phacoemusification (n = 4) or femtocataract laser-assisted surgery (n = 10). Image-guided t-IOL alignment included: (1) calculation of t-IOL parameters (combination of different biometric methods) and plotting a layout drawing of the target lens position, (2) capture of an anterior segment slit lamp photograph in the upright position, (3) superposition of the photographs by the t-IOL target plot and a gradual scale, (4) drawing of marker lines on the photograph and removal of the IOL target coordinates, (5) transfer of the final image to a tablet PC, and (6) marking of the target axis at the corneal limbus with an ink pen in the surgical room.
Results Preoperative corneal astigmatism was 2.50 ± 0.97 (1.38 – 4.34) diopters (D) (mean ± 1 SD, range). In all eyes, intraoperative alignment could easily be performed using the photographic target layout. Surgical interventions and postoperative follow-up were without complications in all cases. Residual postoperative astigmatism was 0.16 ± 0.24 (0.00 – 0.75) D (p < 0.001 compared to preoperative astigmatism). In 64% of patients, residual subjective astigmatism was zero, in 93% ≤ 0.5 D, and in 100% ≤ 0.75 D. Postoperative uncorrected logMAR visual acuity (0.05 ± 0.07, range 0.00 – 0.20) and best-corrected visual acuity (0.03 ± 0.05, 0.00 – 0.10) were significantly better (each p < 0.001) than best-corrected preoperative visual acuity (0.21 ± 0.14, 0.00 – 0.49).
Conclusions Results of this clinical series clearly indicate that the newly developed photographically guided technique of toric lens alignment leads to highly accurate postoperative results for astigmatic correction.
The Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Might Have Useful Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Thyroid Tumors
Authors: Bircan Rıfat , Gözü Hülya Ilıksu , Ulu Esra , Sarıkaya Şükran , Gül Aylin Ege , Şirin Duygu Yaşar , Özçelik Serhat , Aral Cenk 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe literature suggests that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects are associated with a large number of diseases including cancers. The role of mtDNA variations in thyroid cancer is a highly controversial topic. Therefore, we investigated the role of mt-DNA control region (CR) variations in thyroid tumor progression and the influence of mtDNA haplogroups on susceptibility to thyroid tumors. For this purpose, in total, 108 hot thyroid nodules (HTNs), 95 cold thyroid nodules (CTNs), 48 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) samples with their surrounding tissues and 104 healthy control subjects’ blood samples were screened for all mtDNA CR variations using Sanger sequencing. We found that MtDNA haplogroup U was significantly associated with susceptibility to benign thyroid entities. In addition, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (T146C, G185A, C194T, C295T, G16129A, T16304C, A16343G and T16362C) in the mtDNA CR were associated with the occurrence of benign and malign thyroid nodules in the Turkish population. As compared with samples taken from a healthy Turkish population and HTNs, the frequency of C7 repeats in D310 polycytosine sequence was found to be higher in CTNs and the PTC samples. In addition, the frequency of somatic mutations in mtMSI regions including T16189C and D514 CA dinucleotide repeats were found to be higher in PTC samples than benign thyroid nodules. Conversely, the frequency of somatic mutations in D310 was found to be higher in HTNs than CTNs and PTCs. In conclusion, mtDNA D310 instability does not play a role in the tumorigenesis of PTC but the results indicate that it might be used as a diagnostic clonal expansion biomarker for premalignant thyroid tumor cells. In addition, D514 CA instability might be considered as a prognostic biomarker for benign to malign transformation in thyroid tumors.
Determination of JW5473 in Rat Plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study of JW5473
Authors: Kim Tae Kon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA sensitive method for quantitation of JW5473 in rat plasma has been established using ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MS/MS). Tramadol was used as an internal standard. JW5473 and internal standard in plasma sample was extracted using acetonitrile (protein precipitation). A centrifuged upper layer was then evaporated and reconstituted with the mobile phase of 0.5% formic acid-acetonitrile (40:60, v/v). The reconstituted samples were injected into a C18 reversed-phase column. Using MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, JW5473 and tramadol were detected without severe interference from rat plasma matrix. JW5473 produced a protonated precursor ion ([M+H]+) at m/z 432.3 and a corresponding product ion at m/z 114.4. And the internal standard produced a protonated precursor ion ([M+H]+) at m/z 264.4 and a corresponding product ion at m/z 58.1. Detection of JW5473 in human plasma by the UPLC-ESI/MS/MS method was accurate and precise with a quantitation limit of 1.0 ng/mL. The validation, reproducibility, stability, and recovery of the method were evaluated. The method has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of JW5473 in rat plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters of JW5473 was evaluated after intravenous (i. v.; at doses of 15 mg/kg) and oral (p.o.; at doses of 30 mg/kg) administration of JW5473 in rats. After p.o. administration (30 mg/kg) of JW5473, F (Fraction absorbed) value was approximately 70.5%.
Contrast-enhanced imaging in hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: retrospective study of 10 patients
Authors: Klinger Christoph , Stuckmann Gerhard , Dietrich Christoph F. , Berzigotti Annalisa , Horger Marius S. , Debove Ines , Gilot Bryant J. , Pauluschke-Fröhlich Jan , Hoffmann Tatjana , Sipos Bence , Fröhlich Eckhart 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze imaging findings in hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) with a particular focus on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).
Materials and Methods This retrospective multicenter study included 10 patients with histologically proven HEHE from 5 European centers. All existing ultrasound images/videos were independently analyzed by 2 experienced examiners (DEGUM level III, internal medicine) using a standardized evaluation form. Patterns of contrast enhancement were correlated with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pathological findings.
Results B-mode ultrasound, CEUS, CT, and MRI were performed in 90 %, 70 %, 100 %, and 90 % of patients, respectively. Multifocal HEHE could be observed in 80 % with affection of both liver lobes in 70 %. Analysis of CEUS revealed 3 characteristic patterns that correlated well with contrast patterns on CT and MRI: (a) peripheral nodular enhancement with centripetal fill-in and wash-out in the portal venous and late venous phase (PVLP), (b) rim-like arterial enhancement with wash-out in the PVLP, and (c) inversed target sign with/without wash-out in the PVLP. Wash-out in the PVLP as a sign suspicious of malignancy was observed in 6/7 patients (85.7 %).
Conclusions Knowledge of the different characteristic CEUS patterns is of importance to avoid misdiagnosis due to resemblance of patterns A and B to the much more common focal liver lesions hemangioma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Of importance, sonographers should be aware that wash-out in the PVLP might be absent in some patients.
The Predictive Low Glucose Management System in Prevention of
Clinically Significant Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes. A Preliminary Study
Identifying the Most Common Events Leading Up to Hypoglycemia During Insulin
Pump Therapy
Authors: Thomakos Petros , Mitrakou Asimina , Kepaptsoglou Olga , Taraoune Ibrahim , Barreto Carol , Zoupas Christos Sp. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background/aim Prevention of hypoglycemia remains a major challenge
in diabetic management, despite the introduction of modern insulin pumps in
daily clinical practice. The Low Glucose Suspend (LGS) and the newer
Predictive Low Glucose Management (PLGM) systems incorporated in the
Medtronic insulin pumps have shown promising results in prevention of
hypoglycemia. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of the 2 systems relative
to the frequency of clinically significant hypoglycemia in Type 1 diabetes
(T1DM). In addition, we investigated the events preceding clinically
significant hypoglycemia episodes.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 T1DM patients
using the MiniMed 640G vs. 30 using the MiniMed Veo sensor-augmented insulin
pump. All data was recorded during patients’ normal daily activity and
living conditions. The patients were matched for age and duration of
diabetes.
Results PLGM use was associated with lower incidence of clinically
significant hypoglycemia (1.9±1.4 vs. 3.6±1.9 episodes per week), along with
reduced exposure to hypoglycemia. The data indicated that both pump systems
are effective in preventing severe hypoglycemic episodes. In both groups the
most common events preceding hypoglycemic episodes included adjustment of
hyperglycemia, basal rate increase and miscalculation of carbohydrates.
Conclusions The results indicated that the use of the Minimed 640G
pump system can help reduce the frequency of clinically significant
hypoglycemia. Management of hyperglycemia must be addressed in diabetes
education programs in order to encourage proper adjustment of high blood
glucose levels. Future studies would be useful in exploring the details of
the events preceding hypoglycemia episodes in insulin pump users.
Endovascular Management of a Rare Cause of Bleeding Per Vaginam: A Hole in the Mole
Authors: Chahal Anurag , Malla Sundeep , Gamanagatti Shivanand 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUterine artery aneurysm is a rare cause of bleeding per vaginam. Uterine artery pseudoaneurysms are rare but potentially life-threatening causes of persistent or delayed bleeding post-uterine curettage or any uterine surgery. Color Doppler ultrasonography is very useful for emergent diagnosis of these conditions and subsequent follow-up post-embolization. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging play an important role in confirming the diagnosis. Transcatheter arterial embolization is the therapy of choice for such cases. Our case highlights the presentation, imaging appearance, and endovascular management of a case of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm.
“How Much Does My Implant Weigh?”: Addressing Patient Concern about Weight Gain after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: LeRoy Taryn , Bono Olivia J. , Bono James V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA common concern for patients undergoing joint replacement is that the implant will increase their body weight. In an effort to determine if in fact the joint implant is heavier than the bone removed during surgery, the authors conducted a 3-year review from 11/2014 to 11/2017 of 339 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures performed by a single surgeon. In the 339 patients, the bone and tissue removed from the patient was weighed. Using the known weights of each component (cup, head, and stem), the authors calculated the total mass of the hip prosthetic implant. Using deidentified patient data, they reviewed only the weight of bone and tissue removed and the calculated weight of the implant placed in each THA performed by the single surgeon. They subtracted the mass of the bone and tissue removed during surgery from the total mass of the hip implant to determine the net weight differential in the patient following surgery and calculated an average net weight gain of 124.84 g in the 339 patients who underwent THA. This weight gain of 124.84 g is equivalent to 0.275 lbs. Previous studies have only looked at weight gain or loss following total joint replacement with respect to natural weight loss/gain that may be associated with improved mobility following surgery. This is the first study to measure the actual quantifiable net weight differential due to the joint replacement itself. The authors concluded that no appreciable weight gain following THA can be attributed to the weight of the implant.