bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of state‐level pharmacist regulations on generic substitution of prescription drugs
Authors: Song Yan , Barthold Douglas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSubstituting generic for brand name drugs whenever possible has been proposed to control prescription drug expenditure growth in the United States. This work investigates two types of state laws that regulate the procedures under which pharmacists substitute bioequivalent generic versions of brand name drugs. Mandatory substitution laws require pharmacists to use the generic as a default, and presumed consent laws allow them to assume that the patient agrees to the substitution. Both situations can be overruled by the patient. Using plausibly exogenous changes in states' laws, we use difference‐in‐differences and a discrete choice model to show that although the mandatory switching laws have little effect, the presumed consent laws reduce consumers' probability of purchasing brand name drugs by 3.2% points. The differential effectiveness of the laws is likely caused by pharmacists' profit motives. These results offer important implications for policies that seek to reduce drug expenditures by incentivizing the use of generic drugs.
No difference in human mast cells derived from peanut allergic versus non‐allergic subjects
Authors: Larsen Lau F. , Juel‐Berg Nanna , Hansen Anker , Hansen Kirsten S. , Mills E. N. Clare , van Ree Ronald , Rådinger Madeleine , Poulsen Lars K. , Jensen Bettina M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionMast cells are the primary effector cells of allergy. This study aimed at characterizing human peripheral blood‐derived mast cells (PBdMC) from peanut allergic and non‐allergic subjects by investigating whether the molecular and stimulus‐response profile of PBdMC discriminate between peanut allergic and healthy individuals.MethodsPBdMC were generated from eight peanut allergic and 10 non‐allergic subjects. The molecular profile (cell surface receptor expression) was assessed using flow cytometry. The stimulus‐response profile (histamine release induced by secretagogues, secretion of cytokines/chemokines and changes in miRNA expression following anti‐IgE activation) was carried out with histamine release test, luminex multiplex assay and miRNA arrays.ResultsExpression of activating receptors (FcϵRI, CD48, CD88, CD117, and C3aR) on PBdMC was not different among peanut allergic and non‐allergic subjects. Likewise, inhibitory receptors (CD32, CD200R, CD300a, and siglec‐8) displayed comparable levels of expression. Both groups of PBdMC were unresponsive to substance P, compound 48/80 and C5a but released comparable levels of histamine when stimulated with anti‐IgE and C3a. Interestingly, among the secreted cytokines/chemokines (IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐23, IL‐31, IL‐37, MCP‐1, VEGF, GM‐CSF) PBdMC from peanut allergic subjects showed a different secretion pattern of IL‐31 compared to non‐allergic subjects. Investigating miRNA expression from resting or activated PBdMC revealed no significantly difference between peanut allergic and non‐allergic subjects.ConclusionThe molecular and stimulus‐response profile revealed that PBdMC from peanut allergic subjects differently express IL‐31 compared to non‐allergic subjects. However, since only one altered parameter was found among 893 investigated, it is still questionable if the pathophysiological mechanisms of peanut allergy are revealed in PBdMC.
HPV knowledge, vaccine knowledge, and vaccine acceptance in women with cervical cytology anomalies attending colposcopy clinics in Puerto Rico
Authors: Roura‐Monllor Jaime , Nieves‐Muñoz Jose , Ortiz Ana P. , Romaguera Josefina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess HPV knowledge as well as knowledge and acceptance of HPV vaccines.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study surveyed women with cervical cytology anomalies referred to colposcopy clinics at the University of Puerto Rico and San Juan City Hospital between November 1, 2013, and November 30, 2015. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsOf 418 participants, 333 had heard of HPV. Of these, 273 of 331 (82.5%) knew it causes cervical cancer and 284 of 332 (85.8%) knew it is sexually transmitted; 313 were aware of the vaccine(s). Of 278 participants, 270 (97.1%) were willing to vaccinate their children and 125 of 285 (43.9%) desired vaccination. Only 13 (10.9%) of 119 age‐eligible women had been vaccinated. Women who had completed high school had increased odds of having heard of HPV (adjusted OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–4.4; P=0.014), with a similar increase in the odds of having heard of the vaccine(s). Women who knew about HPV had greatly increased odds of knowing about the vaccine(s) (adjusted OR 19.7, 95% CI 9.8–41.6).ConclusionKnowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine(s) was high, but vaccine uptake was low in the study population. Physicians’ active roles in HPV education and vaccination are crucial.
Different miniaturized extraction methodologies followed by GC–MS/MS analysis for the determination of UV filters in beach sand
Authors: Vila Marlene , Llompart Maria , Garcia‐Jares Carmen , Dagnac Thierry 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFour different miniaturized methodologies were developed and applied to the analysis of 11 UV filters in sand samples. These approaches were based on ultrasound and vortex extractions, on‐column lixiviation, and ultrasound extraction followed by solid‐phase microextraction. Gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used for quantitative analysis. The analytical performance provided by the four methods was evaluated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and limits of quantification. Lixiviation was discarded since it provided the lowest recoveries and the highest limits of quantification. In contrast, ultrasound and vortex extractions, and ultrasound extraction followed by solid‐phase microextraction were suitable, with recoveries in general >85% and limits of quantification at the low ng/g level. Moreover, ultrasound extraction followed by solid‐phase microextraction allowed using external calibration with aqueous standards and it provided higher sensitivity, with limits of quantification in general one order of magnitude lower than those achieved with the other techniques. The methodologies were applied for the analysis of four marine sand samples, and the results were statistically compared performing an analysis of variance. Eight out of the eleven target UV filters were detected. Octocrylene was found at very high concentrations (up to 1000 ng/g) followed by ethylhexyl salicylate, 4‐methylbenzylidene camphor, homosalate, and 2‐ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate.
Poly[(2‐(acryloyloxy) ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate monolith on‐line solid‐phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for the fast determination of salicylic acid in foodstuffs
Authors: Wang Man‐Man , Li Na , Ai Lian‐Feng , Li Li , Chen Xue‐Lei , Jia Ye‐Qing , Wang Xue‐Sheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report the fabrication of an anion‐exchange monolithic column in a stainless‐steel chromatographic column (10 mm × 2.1 mm i.d.) using [2‐(acryloyloxy) ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride as the monomer and ethylene dimethacrylate as the crosslinker. The prepared monolith was developed as the adsorbent for the on‐line solid‐phase extraction of salicylic acid in various animal‐origin foodstuffs combined with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The monolith was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption analysis, and elemental analysis. Potential factors affecting the on‐line solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis were studied in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the total analysis time including cleanup and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry separation was 17 min. The developed method gave the linear range of 15–750 μg/kg, detection limits (S/N = 3) of 5 μg/kg, and quantification limits (S/N = 10) of 15 μg/kg. The recoveries obtained by spiking 10, 20, and 100 μg/kg of salicylic acid in the animal‐origin food samples were in the range of 85.2–98.4%. In addition, the monolith was stable enough for 550 extraction cycles with the precision of peak area ≤11.6%.
Sustainable Approach to Superhydrophobic Surfaces Based on Water‐Born Electrospinning
Authors: Doimoto Mitsunobu , Greiner Andreas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSuperhydrophobic surfaces are obtained by a sustainable approach by electrospinning of water‐based acrylate dispersion followed by mild silanization and removal of template polymer. The resulting nonwovens show very high superhydrophobicity and very low roll angle. In contrast to many other approaches, pores provide the required morphology to achieve superhydrophobicity. This new material provides a new approach to electrospun nonwoven coatings which can be of interest for textile applications.
Part 2: Dynamic mixed beam radiotherapy (DYMBER): Photon dynamic trajectories combined with modulated electron beams
Authors: Mueller S. , Manser P. , Volken W. , Frei D. , Kueng R. , Herrmann E. , Elicin O. , Aebersold D. M. , Stampanoni M. F. M. , Fix M. K. 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop a treatment technique for dynamic mixed beam radiotherapy (DYMBER) utilizing increased degrees of freedom (DoF) of a conventional treatment unit including different particle types (photons and electrons), intensity and energy modulation and dynamic gantry, table, and collimator rotations.MethodsA treatment planning process has been developed to create DYMBER plans combining photon dynamic trajectories (DTs) and step and shoot electron apertures collimated with the photon multileaf collimator (pMLC). A gantry‐table path is determined for the photon DTs with minimized overlap of the organs at risk (OARs) with the target. In addition, an associated dynamic collimator rotation is established with minimized area between the pMLC leaves and the target contour. pMLC sequences of photon DTs and electron pMLC apertures are then simultaneously optimized using direct aperture optimization (DAO). Subsequently, the final dose distribution of the electron pMLC apertures is calculated using the Swiss Monte Carlo Plan (SMCP). The pMLC sequences of the photon DTs are then re‐optimized with a finer control point resolution and with the final electron dose distribution taken into account. Afterwards, the final photon dose distribution is calculated also using the SMCP and summed together with the one of the electrons. This process is applied for a brain and two head and neck cases. The resulting DYMBER dose distributions are compared to those of dynamic trajectory radiotherapy (DTRT) plans consisting only of photon DTs and clinically applied VMAT plans. Furthermore, the deliverability of the DYMBER plans is verified in terms of dosimetric accuracy, delivery time and collision avoidance. For this purpose, The DYMBER plans are delivered to Gafchromic EBT3 films placed in an anthropomorphic head phantom on a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator.ResultsFor each case, the dose homogeneity in the target is similar or better for DYMBER compared to DTRT and VMAT. Averaged over all three cases, the mean dose to the parallel OARs is 16% and 28% lower, D2% to the serial OARs is 17% and 37% lower and V10% to normal tissue is 12% and 4% lower for the DYMBER plans compared to the DTRT and VMAT plans, respectively. The DYMBER plans are delivered without collision and with a 4–5 min longer delivery time than the VMAT plans. The absolute dose measurements are compared to calculation by gamma analysis using 2% (global)/2 mm criteria with passing rates of at least 99%.ConclusionsA treatment technique for DYMBER has been successfully developed and verified for its deliverability. The dosimetric superiority of DYMBER over DTRT and VMAT indicates utilizing increased DoF to be the key to improve brain and head and neck radiation treatments in future.
Discovering aspects of health—experiences of a web‐based health diary among adults with primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Petersson Christina , Björkander Janne , Fust Ramona 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimAdvances in technology generate new opportunities to develop e‐health tools to help individuals in self‐management by assessing symptoms of illness and its relation to treatments. Self‐management is central when living with primary immunodeficiency diseases. The aim was to explore the experiences of people living with primary immunodeficiency, who used a pilot version of the web‐based health diary.DesignExplorative design.MethodsIn total, 16 participants (median age 59) attended one of three focus groups. Inductive content analysis was used.ResultsThe participants could be encouraged to discover aspects of their health by contributing to documentation which could support the health concept. A greater understanding about their own health and communicating with healthcare professionals during encounters was expressed. The web‐based health diary is a helpful tool to discover aspects of health that affects the individuals’ life situation and assists the self‐management of a long‐term condition such as immunodeficiency.
Benefits of combining change‐point analysis with disproportionality analysis in pharmacovigilance signal detection
Authors: Trinh Nhung T.H. , Solé Elodie , Benkebil Mehdi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundChange‐point analysis (CPA) is a powerful method to analyse pharmacovigilance data but it has never been used on the disproportionality metric.ObjectivesTo optimize signal detection investigating the interest of time‐series analysis in pharmacovigilance and the benefits of combining CPA with the proportional reporting ratio (PRR).MethodsWe investigated the couple benfluorex and aortic valve incompetence (AVI) using the French National Pharmacovigilance and EudraVigilance databases: CPA was applied on monthly counts of reports and the lower bound of monthly computed PRR (PRR‐). We stated a CPA hypothesis that the substance‐event combination is more likely to be a signal when the 2 following criteria are fulfilled: PRR‐ is greater than 1 with at least 5 cases, and CPA method detects at least 2 successive change points of PRR‐ which made consecutively increasing segments. We tested this hypothesis by 95 test cases identified from a drug safety reference set and 2 validated signals from EudraVigilance database: CPA was applied on PRR‐.ResultsFor benfluorex and AVI, change points detected by CPA on PRR‐ were more meaningful compared with monthly counts of reports: More change points detected and detected earlier. In the reference set, 14 positive controls satisfied CPA hypothesis, 6 positive controls only met first requirements, 3 negative controls only met first requirement, and 2 validated signals satisfied CPA hypothesis.ConclusionsThe combination of CPA and PRR represents a significant advantage in detecting earlier signals and reducing false‐positive signals. This approach should be confirmed in further studies.
Club cell secretory protein (CC16) in gastric fluid at birth and subsequent lung disease in preterm infants
Authors: Hagman Cecilia , Björklund Lars J. , Hellgren Gunnel , Tufvesson Ellen , Hansen‐Pupp Ingrid 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundClub cell secretory protein (CC16) probably has a role in protecting the lung from inflammation.AimTo evaluate if low levels of CC16 in gastric fluid at birth, reflecting low levels of CC16 in the lung, would be associated with lung inflammation and respiratory morbidity.MethodsA study of 64 infants with mean gestational age 26.1 weeks. CC16 was analyzed in gastric fluid at birth. CC16, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and MMP‐9 were analyzed in tracheal aspirate within 24 h from birth.ResultsCC16 in gastric fluid increased with gestational age (P = 0.033). Lower concentrations of CC16 in gastric fluid at birth were associated with higher concentrations of IL‐1β (P = 0.028), TNF‐α (P = 0.034), and MMP‐9 (P = 0.015) in tracheal aspirate. Infants who needed mechanical ventilation at 24 and 72 h of age had lower CC16 in gastric fluid than those not ventilated at these ages (P = 0.011 and P = 0.024, respectively). Lower CC16 in gastric fluid was associated with higher FiO2 at 6 h (P = 0.009), higher PaCO2 at 24 h (P = 0.03), more ventilator days (P = 0.012) and more days with supplemental oxygen (P = 0.03). Infants who had either died or were still treated with supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks postmenstrual age had lower CC16 in gastric fluid than infants with none of these outcomes (P = 0.049).ConclusionA low CC16 concentration in gastric fluid at birth was associated with increased inflammation in the trachea within the first 24 h of life and with more need for respiratory support in the neonatal period.
The Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire: The theoretical development and empirical validation of an evaluation instrument for stakeholders working with sustainable development
Authors: Gericke Niklas , Boeve‐de Pauw Jelle , Berglund Teresa , Olsson Daniel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the concept of sustainability consciousness, an individual's experience and awareness of sustainable development, is introduced. Based on UNESCO's definition of sustainable development, a sustainability consciousness questionnaire (SCQ) is theoretically and empirically developed. Using the data of 638 respondents from Sweden aged 18–19 years old, the scale is developed in two versions. The long version (SCQ‐L) can be used to measure individuals' environmental, social and economic knowingness, attitudes and behaviour (nine valid and reliable subscales), in addition to the second order constructs of sustainability knowingness, sustainability attitudes and sustainability behaviour, as well as the third order construct, sustainability consciousness. For the short version (SCQ‐S) 27 items were identified that can be used to measure the second and third order constructs. Both versions of the scale present excellent psychometric quality. Possible applications of the questionnaire instruments in the context of evaluation of sustainability policies, practices and stakeholder engagement are discussed.
Predicting Engagement in Smoking Cessation Treatment Following a Brief Telephone Evaluation and Referral Session
Authors: Petersen Angela , Jabaiah Suraya , Chen Timothy , Doran Neal , Myers Mark 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Smoking cessation treatment combining medication and counselling yields the best outcomes; however, few smokers employ both modalities.Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine variables predicting treatment attendance.Methods: This was a chart review of US military Veterans (N = 340; 89% male, 59% non-Hispanic white) referred for smoking cessation, who completed a telephone call to encourage treatment utilization. Treatment engagement was defined as attending a smoking cessation session within 30 days following telephone contact. A logistic regression analysis examined predictors (demographics, smoking variables, and psychiatric diagnoses) of treatment engagement.Results/Findings: Greater age (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.06), more cigarettes (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06), and higher perceived importance of quitting (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.23) predicted engaging in treatment within 30 days (all p values < 0.05).Conclusion: Veterans who attended treatment were older, smoked more cigarettes, and perceived quitting as more important than those who did not attend. These findings are consistent with prior studies examining factors associated with treatment utilization. Results highlight the need to identify strategies for engaging into treatment smokers who are younger, smoke fewer cigarettes, and view quitting as less important.
Dilated cardiomyopathy due to premature ductus arteriosus constriction
Authors: Okada Seigo , Muneuchi Jun , Iwaya Yuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHerein, we present the first case of dilated cardiomyopathy due to premature constriction of the ductus arteriosus. A fetal echocardiography showed narrowing in the ductus arteriosus, and colour Doppler flow mapping could not identify blood flow through the ductus. Neonatal echocardiography revealed a left ventricular dilated cardiomyopathy, and the cardiomyopathy had fully resolved at 6 months of age.
Thailand Trapped: Catch-up Legacies and Contemporary Malaise
Authors: Kanchoochat Veerayooth 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA better understanding of Thailand's contemporary malaise needs a perspective that combines political and economic aspects without losing sight of history. This article applies the concept of path dependence to examine how pre-1997 catch-up industrialisation shaped the post-crisis trajectory. It argues that the catch-up process has left a number of important legacies, especially the symbiotic relationship between the military, banking conglomerates, and technocrats; dominant growth narrative with a focus on macroeconomic stability; and overly centralised and bloated state structures. These legacies have shaped the strategies and legitimacies of today's political actors and rendered the pursuit of growth increasingly contradictory to maintaining order.
Internal Tide Generation at the Vitória‐Trindade Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Paiva Afonso M. , Daher Victor B. , Costa Vladimir S. , Camargo Simone S. B. , Mill Guilherme N. , Gabioux Mariela , Alvarenga João B. R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSea surface height data from multiple satellite altimetric missions are analyzed in order to investigate the surface manifestation of internal tides generated at the Vitória‐Trindade Ridge (VTR), in the western South Atlantic Ocean. The VTR is formed by a sequence of submerged seamounts disposed in a west‐east alignment around 20.5°S, extending for over 1,000 km from the Brazilian continental margin to the Trindade and Martim Vaz islands. Point‐wise harmonic analysis of the along‐track sea surface height data, combined with a two‐dimensional plane wave fitting at selected subregions, depicts well‐organized northbound and southbound wave beams radiating from the VTR, and propagating as far as ~1,000 km from the ridge. Energy convergence is observed at a focal point located circa 300 km south of the VTR, associated with a lens effect due to the arc‐shaped ridge. Wavenumber spectra show highest energy associated with wavelengths of 140 and 70 km, close to the theoretical values expected for the first and second baroclinic modes, respectively. Energy fluxes for the mode 1 principal lunar (M2) constituent reach values of 2 to 3 kW/m for the southward beams and 1 kW/m north of the VTR. Judging from its surface signature, the VTR appears to be the most significant internal tide generation site in the western South Atlantic.