bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI markers of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in a population study with 791 participants: Exploring reference values and associations
Authors: Constantinescu Clara , Ziegelitz Doerthe , Wikkelsø Carsten , Kern Silke , Jaraj Daniel , Rydén Lina , Westman Eric , Skoog Ingmar , Tullberg Mats 
Published: December 2024

Purpose Epidemiological studies on idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) imaging markers and their normal values are scarce. This population-based study aimed to analyze several morphologic and volumetric iNPH-related imaging markers in a large sample, determining their distribution, diagnostic accuracy, suggested cut-offs, and associations with iNPH symptoms. Methods This cross-sectional study included 791 70 year olds, 40 with radiologically probable iNPH (iNPHRadiol) and 751 without iNPH features (reference). MRI measures included Evans index (EI), z-EI, brain per ventricle ratio at anterior (BVRAC) and posterior commissures (BVRPC), sulcal compression, Sylvian fissure enlargement, callosal angle, diameter of temporal horns, 3rd and 4th ventricles, midbrain, and pons. Volumes of ventricles, corpus callosum, and brainstem were computed using automated segmentation. ROC analysis determined imaging markers’ cut-offs. Symptoms were evaluated clinically and through self-report. Results In the reference group, median values (95% CI) for imaging markers were as follows: EI: 0.27 (0.26–0.27), z-EI: 0.28 (0.26–0.31), BVRAC: 1.69 (1.48–1.90), and BVRPC: 2.66 (2.24–3.27). Most imaging markers differed significantly between iNPHRadiol and the reference. Lateral ventricle volumes correlated better with z-EI and BVR than EI (Rs > 0.81 vs 0.68). Optimal cut-off values for z-EI, and BVRAC and BVRPC for distinguishing iNPHRadiol were 0.32, 1.36, and 1.83, respectively. Clinical symptoms correlated moderately with imaging markers (Rs < 0.49 for iNPHRadiol, p < .01). Conclusions We report population-based reference values and propose cut-offs for iNPH-related imaging markers and volumetric measurements. Z-EI and BVR are likely superior markers for assessing ventricular enlargement in iNPH. Imaging markers of iNPH correlate moderately with iNPH symptoms.
A multimodal model in the prediction of the delivery mode using data from a digital twin-empowered labor monitoring system
Authors: Bai Jieyun , Kang Xue , Wang Weishan , Yang Ziduo , Ou Weiguang , Huang Yuxin , Lu Yaosheng 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aims to address the limitations of current clinical methods in predicting delivery mode by constructing a multimodal neural network-based model. The model utilizes data from a digital twin-empowered labor monitoring system, including computerized cardiotocography (cCTG), ultrasound (US) examination data, and electronic health records (EHRs) of pregnant women. Methods The model integrates three modalities of data from 105 pregnant women (76 vaginal deliveries and 29 cesarean deliveries) at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. It employs a hybrid architecture of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) to compress the data into a single feature vector for each patient. Results The designed model achieves a cross-validation accuracy of 93.33%, an F1-score of 86.26%, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 97.10%, and a Brier Score of 6.67%. Importantly, while cCTG and EHRs are crucial for labor management, the integration of US imaging data significantly enhances prediction accuracy. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that the developed multimodal model is a promising tool for predicting delivery mode and provides a comprehensive approach to intrapartum maternal and fetal health monitoring. The integration of multi-source data, including real-time information, holds potential for further improving the algorithm's predictive accuracy as the volume of analyzed data increases. This could be highly beneficial for dynamically fusing data from different sources throughout the maternal and fetal health lifecycle, from pregnancy to delivery.
Erythropoietin to Treat Spinal Cord Injury: Evaluation of Different Doses and Magnitudes of Trauma in Rats
Authors: Barros Alderico Girão Campos de , dos Santos Gustavo Bispo , Marcon Raphael Martus , Cristante Alexandre Fogaça 
Published: December 2024

Study design Experimental spinal cord lesion study. Objectives To evaluate the effects of erythropoietin at different doses on neural regeneration in rats undergoing spinal cord injury. Methods Anesthetized Wistar rats were submitted to standardized spinal cord injury and randomized into eight groups, receiving different magnitudes of trauma and single or repeated doses of intraperitoneal erythropoietin (500 or 5000 IU/kg of body weight). We evaluated motor function using BBB scores and sensorimotor behavior by observing the rats walking on a horizontal ladder (at 2, 4, and 6 weeks) and performed histological analysis of the spinal cord after euthanasia. We compared the scores between groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni multiple comparisons. Results The experiments were conducted with 10 animals per group (n = 80), none of which died or were excluded. BBB scores increased over time (meaning recovery) in all groups ( P < 0.001 for all). From the fourth week, animals receiving lower trauma and higher erythropoietin doses had higher BBB scores than those receiving lower doses. The total number of steps and correct steps taken on the horizontal ladder increased, and slips decreased over time with treatment in all groups. Although the number of errors was different between moments ( P < 0.001), it was not different between groups ( P = 0.707). Rats receiving higher impact lesions had more spinal cord necrosis and worse recovery of neuronal fibers than the rest. Conclusions Animals receiving a higher dose of erythropoietin and suffering minor trauma showed better and faster neurological recovery. Repeating erythropoietin after a week showed no benefit.
A Cetylpyridinium Chloride Oral Rinse Reduces Salivary Viral Load in Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Graves C. , Ghaltakhchyan N. , Ngo T.Q. , Liu C. , Babikow E. , Shoji A. , Bocklage C. , Sang Y. , Phillips S.T. , Bowman N. , Frazier-Bowers S. , Freire M. , Wallet S. , Divaris K. , Wu D. , Jacox L.A. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Evaluating the antiviral potential of commercially available mouthrinses on SARS-CoV-2 holds potential for reducing transmission, particularly as novel variants emerge. Because SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted primarily through salivary and respiratory secretions and aerosols, strategies to reduce salivary viral burden in an antigen-agnostic manner are attractive for mitigating spread in dental, otolaryngology, and orofacial surgery clinics where patients may need to unmask. Methods: Patients ( n = 128) with confirmed COVID-19–positive status within 10 days of symptom onset or positive test result were enrolled in a double-blind randomized controlled trial of Food and Drug Administration–approved mouthrinses containing active ingredients ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, povidone iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), or saline. The CPC, ethanol, and sterile water rinses were followed in a second double-blind randomized controlled trial ( n = 230). Participants provided a saliva sample before rinsing (baseline) and again at 30 and 60 min after rinse. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine salivary SARS-CoV-2 viral load at all time points. An adjusted linear mixed-effect model was employed to compare viral load after rinsing relative to baseline. Results: The rinse containing CPC significantly reduced salivary SARS-CoV-2 viral load 30 min postrinse relative to baseline ( P = .015), whereas no other rinse significantly affected viral load at 30 min after rinsing. At 60 min postrinsing, no group had a significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 copy number relative to baseline, indicating a rebound in salivary viral load over a 1-hour window. Participants indicated a fair to good rinsing experience with the CPC product and high willingness to use oral rinses before and during dental and medical health care visits. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that preprocedural oral rinsing could be implemented as a feasible, inexpensive approach to mitigate spread of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other enveloped viruses for short periods, which is relevant to clinical procedures involving the nasal and oropharyngeal region. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Rinsing with a cetylpyridinium chloride–containing mouthrinse can significantly reduce salivary SARS-CoV-2 viral load for up to 30 min; patients are willing to use mouthrinses in medical and dental settings to limit transmission risk in clinics.
Medical Education: Considerations for a Successful Integration of Learning with and Learning about AI
Authors: Domrös-Zoungrana Dina , Rajaeean Neda , Boie Sebastian , Fröling Emma , Lenz Christian 
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) with its diverse domains such as expert systems and machine learning already has multiple potential applications in medicine. Based on the latest developments in the multifaceted field of AI, it will play a pivotal role in medicine, with a high transformative potential in multiple areas, including drug development, diagnostics, patient care and monitoring. In the pharmaceutical industry AI is also rapidly gaining a crucial role. The introduction of innovative medicines requires profound background knowledge and the latest means of communication. This drives us to intensively engage with the topic of medical education, which is becoming more and more demanding due to the dynamic knowledge landscape, among other things, accelerated even more by digitalization and AI. Therefore, we argue for the incorporation of AI-based tools and methods in medical education, including personalized learning, diagnostic pathways, and data analysis, to prepare healthcare professionals for the evolving landscape of AI in medicine and support the fluency in dealing with AI by regular contact with various AI-based tools (Learning with AI). Understanding AI's vast potential and its caveats as well as gaining a basic knowledge of how AI works should be an important part of medical education to ensure that physicians can effectively and responsibly leverage AI-based systems in their daily practice and in scientific communication (Learning about AI).
The GATA-3–dependent transcriptome and tumor microenvironment are regulated by eIF4E and XPO1 in T-cell lymphomas
Authors: Kady Nermin , Abdelrahman Suhaib , Rauf Ahmar M. , Burgess Alyssa , Weiss Jonathan , Gunasekara Hirushi , Ramseier Neal , Maine Ira P. , Zevallos-Morales Alejandro , Perez-Silos Vanessa , Wolfe Ashley , Hristov Alexandra C. , Brown Noah A. , Inamdar Kedar , Sverdlov Maria , Hu Ying S. , Murga-Zamalloa Carlos , Wang Chenguang , Wilcox Ryan A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The transcription factor GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3) and the transcriptional program it regulates have emerged as oncogenic drivers across diverse T-cell lymphomas (TCLs), many of which are resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents and characterized by recurrent losses of key tumor suppressor genes, including TP53 and PTEN, both of which are clients of the nuclear export protein XPO1. Here, we demonstrated that XPO1 is highly expressed by malignant T cells expressing GATA-3 and by lymphoma-associated macrophages (LAMs) within their tumor microenvironment (TME). Using complementary genetically engineered mouse models, we demonstrated that TP53- and/or phosphate and tensin homolog (PTEN)-deficient TCLs, and LAMs within their TME, are sensitive to the selective exportin-1 (XPO1) antagonist selinexor. In an effort to identify TP53- and PTEN-independent mechanisms, we used complementary and orthogonal approaches to investigate the role of eIF4E and XPO1-dependent messenger RNA nuclear export in these TCLs. We identified a novel role for eIF4E/XPO1 in exporting GATA-3 and GATA-3–dependent transcripts from the nucleus in TCLs, and in the export of therapeutically relevant transcripts, including colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor, from LAMs. Therefore, XPO1 antagonism, by impairing oncogenic transcriptional programs in TCLs and depleting LAMs from their TME, is a novel approach to target 2 independent dependencies in a group of therapeutically challenging TCLs.
Microbial pesticides: challenges and future perspectives for non-target organism testing
Authors: Karaoğlan Bilgin , Alkassab Abdulrahim T. , Borges Shannon , Fisher Tom , Link-Vrabie Cozmina , McVey Emily , Ortego Lisa , Nuti Marco 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiopesticides have received increasing global attention as environmentally friendly alternatives, allowing for more sustainable pest and disease control. In order to be registered or authorized for use, safety studies need to be submitted for regulatory risk assessments. However, it has been frequently reported that, in particular, microbial pesticides have a number of challenges when it comes to non-target organism testing. For instance, study results from such tests are often difficult to interpret or they lack consistency and accuracy. Reasons for this can be found firstly in the heterogeneity and resulting complexity of microbe-based pesticides comprising different taxonomic groups (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and secondly in the lack of appropriate guidance for testing these different microbial agents considering their unique biological properties. The present review gives an overview of the available test guidelines by reflecting the current regulatory background in the area of environmental risk assessment of microbial pesticides and describes general and specific issues associated with safety studies on terrestrial vertebrates, aquatic organisms, bees, non-target arthropods other than bees, meso- and macro-organisms in soil, and non-target terrestrial plants. Proposals for improvement of existing test guidelines or guidance documents are provided and further discussed.
Unveiling genetic insights: Array-CGH and WES discoveries in a cohort of 122 children with essential autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Granata Paola , Zito Alessandra , Cocciadiferro Dario , Novelli Antonio , Pessina Chiara , Mazza Tommaso , Ferri Matteo , Piccinelli Paolo , Luoni Chiara , Termine Cristiano , Fasano Mauro , Casalone Rosario 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component and high heterogeneity. Essential ASD refers to patients who do not have other comorbidities. This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis of essential ASD using whole exome sequencing (WES) and array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH).

Results
In a cohort of 122 children with essential ASD, WES detected 382 variants across 223 genes, while array-CGH identified 46 copy number variants (CNVs). The combined use of WES and array-CGH revealed pathogenic variants in four patients (3.1% detection rate) and likely pathogenic variants in 34 patients (27.8% detection rate). Only one patient had a pathogenic CNV (0.8% detection rate). Including likely pathogenic variants, the overall detection rate was 31.2%. Additionally, 33 de novo heterozygous sequence variants were identified by WES, with three classified as pathogenic and 13 as likely pathogenic. Sequence variants were found in 85 genes already associated with ASD, and 138 genes not previously included in the SFARI dataset were identified as potential new candidate genes.

Conclusions
The study enhances genetic understanding of essential ASD and identifies new candidate genes of interest. The findings suggest that using both array-CGH and WES in patients with essential ASD can improve the detection of pathogenic and likely pathogenic genetic variants, contributing to better diagnosis and potentially guiding future research and treatment strategies.
Impact of silica nanoparticles incorporation on the properties of resin infiltration: an in vitro study
Authors: ElEmbaby Abeer ElSayed , Nassar Adham Essam , Elawsya Mohamed Elshirbeny 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
This study evaluated the effect of nano-silica (NS) incorporation with resin infiltrant on water sorption and solubility of resin infiltrant, mineral density of demineralized enamel, and resin tags penetration.

Methods
NS (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, Missouri, USA) was added into the resin infiltrant (ICON, DMG, Hamburg, Germany) at two concentrations by weight. The tested groups were: ICON (control), ICON + 0.2, and ICON + 0.5 (n = 10 per group). Water sorption and solubility were assessed using mass variation after 60 days water storage. Mineral density and surface topography were assessed using micro-Computed Tomography scans. Resin tags penetration was measured using a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance and Tukey’s post-hoc tests (P < .05).

Results
ICON revealed the highest water sorption, solubility mean values (28.90, 7.61) followed by ICON + 0.2 (14.80, 4.82) and ICON + 0.5 (12.32, 0.81) respectively, and vice versa for resin tags penetration. Mineral density of demineralized enamel significantly increased after treatment with ICON + 0.2 and ICON + 0.5.

Conclusion
Incorporation of NS to resin infiltrant decreased its water sorption and solubility along with enhancing the mineral density of the demineralized enamel and the penetration of resin tags.
Associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep with next-day cognitive performance in older adults: a micro-longitudinal study
Authors: Bloomberg Mikaela , Brocklebank Laura , Doherty Aiden , Hamer Mark , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous studies suggest short-term cognitive benefits of physical activity occurring minutes to hours after exercise. Whether these benefits persist the following day and the role of sleep is unclear. We examined associations of accelerometer-assessed physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep with next-day cognitive performance in older adults.

Methods
British adults aged 50-83 years (N = 76) without evidence of cognitive impairment or dementia wore accelerometers for eight days, and took daily cognitive tests of attention, memory, psychomotor speed, executive function, and processing speed. Physical behaviour (time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA], light physical activity [LPA], and sedentary behaviour [SB]) and sleep characteristics (overnight sleep duration, time spent in rapid eye movement [REM] sleep and slow wave sleep [SWS]) were extracted from accelerometers, with sleep stages derived using a novel polysomnography-validated machine learning algorithm. We used linear mixed models to examine associations of physical activity and sleep with next-day cognitive performance, after accounting for habitual physical activity and sleep patterns during the study period and other temporal and contextual factors.

Results
An additional 30 min of MVPA on the previous day was associated with episodic memory scores 0.15 standard deviations (SD; 95% confidence interval = 0.01 to 0.29; p = 0.03) higher and working memory scores 0.16 SD (0.03 to 0.28; p = 0.01) higher. Each 30-min increase in SB was associated with working memory scores 0.05 SD (0.00 to 0.09) lower (p = 0.03); adjustment for sleep characteristics on the previous night did not substantively change these results. Independent of MVPA on the previous day, sleep duration ≥ 6 h (compared with < 6 h) on the previous night was associated with episodic memory scores 0.60 SD (0.16 to 1.03) higher (p = 0.008) and psychomotor speed 0.34 SD (0.04 to 0.65) faster (p = 0.03). Each 30-min increase in REM sleep on the previous night was associated with 0.13 SD (0.00 to 0.25) higher attention scores (p = 0.04); a 30-min increase in SWS was associated with 0.17 SD (0.05 to 0.29) higher episodic memory scores (p = 0.008).

Conclusions
Memory benefits of MVPA may persist for 24 h; longer sleep duration, particularly more time spent in SWS, could independently contribute to these benefits.
The Power of The (First) Name: Do name tags for operating room staff improve effective communication and patient safety? A proof-of-concept study from an academic medical center in Germany
Authors: Bungert Alexander D. , Ramspott Jan Philipp , Szardenings Carsten , Knipping Alina , Struecker Benjamin , Pascher Andreas , Hoelzen Jens Peter 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Effective and reliable communication is the cornerstone of safe communication in the operating room (OR). The OR is one of the most dynamic places in the hospital where multiple disciplines must work together in perfect harmony to ultimately improve patient outcomes. To create familiarity by name regarding constantly changing team members, individual name tagging was implemented in the OR.

Methods
We analysed the impact of name tagging in the OR in a proof-of-concept study. Name tags (either first or last name), coloured according to the specific department, have been placed on the cap since March 13, 2023. On May 26, 2023, a total of 440 anaesthesiologists, general, visceral, and trauma surgeons, nurses, and service staff were invited to answer an evaluation questionnaire of nine questions. The survey period ended on August 7, 2023. 101 people answered the query which, among other things, asked for overall ratings, compliance, evaluation of specific items as well as positive and negative aspects. Statistical analyses were performed using R.

Results
Most of the interviewed staff rated the implementation of name tagging positively (median=3.4; scale from 1-5, 1=bad, 5=good). The greatest benefit was seen in communication in general, direct contact with colleagues, and delegation of tasks. Most of the staff (>90 %) adhered to the new project and used it regularly. Negative aspects mentioned included potential loss of sterility, loss of respectability, and environmental impact. Potential for improvement was seen in the bonding method of attachment or in the implementation.

Conclusion
Individual name tagging in the OR can improve interprofessional communication and is one tool to enhance patient safety by decreasing reservations or intimidations towards previously unknown colleagues. More studies are required to determine long-term effects on patient safety, outcome, or employee satisfaction.