bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prospects for Biodegradable Zinc in Wound Closure Applications
Authors: Venezuela Jeffrey Jones D. , Johnston Sean , Dargusch Matthew Simon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractZinc is identified as a promising biodegradable metal along with magnesium and iron. In the last 5 years, considerable progress is made on understanding the mechanical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of zinc and its alloys. A majority of these studies have focused on using zinc for absorbable cardiovascular and orthopedic device applications. However, it is likely that zinc is also suitable for other biomedical applications. In this work, the prospects for zinc in the fabrication of wound closure devices such as absorbable sutures, staples, and surgical tacks are critically assessed, with the aim of inspiring future research on biodegradable Zn for this medical application.
Molecular Design of Solid‐State Nanopores: Fundamental Concepts and Applications
Authors: Pérez‐Mitta Gonzalo , Toimil‐Molares María Eugenia , Trautmann Christina , Marmisollé Waldemar A. , Azzaroni Omar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSolid‐state nanopores are fascinating objects that enable the development of specific and efficient chemical and biological sensors, as well as the investigation of the physicochemical principles ruling the behavior of biological channels. The great variety of biological nanopores that nature provides regulates not only the most critical processes in the human body, including neuronal communication and sensory perception, but also the most important bioenergetic process on earth: photosynthesis. This makes them an exhaustless source of inspiration toward the development of more efficient, selective, and sophisticated nanopore‐based nanofluidic devices. The key point responsible for the vibrant and exciting advance of solid nanopore research in the last decade has been the simultaneous combination of advanced fabrication nanotechnologies to tailor the size, geometry, and application of novel and creative approaches to confer the nanopore surface specific functionalities and responsiveness. Here, the state of the art is described in the following critical areas: i) theory, ii) nanofabrication techniques, iii) (bio)chemical functionalization, iv) construction of nanofluidic actuators, v) nanopore (bio)sensors, and vi) commercial aspects. The plethora of potential applications once envisioned for solid‐state nanochannels is progressively and quickly materializing into new technologies that hold promise to revolutionize the everyday life.
A Trimodal Porous Cobalt‐Based Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Cao Zhen , Zhou Tingting , Chen Yan‐Li , Liu Jiangyun , Wang Dandan , Zhang Wei , Pang Su‐Seng , Zhao Yunfeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConstructing porous electrodes with proper surface structures and mass‐transport channels is crucial for their high performance electrocatalytic applications such as oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here a cobalt (Co)‐based hierarchical porous material (HP‐Co), which is realized through a scalable phase‐separation approach, is reported. Taking the advantage of a unique trimodal structure with macropores, mesopores, and micropores, the HP‐Co electrocatalysts exhibit better OER performance than general Co‐based nanoporous electrocatalysts due to more effective use of active sites. Meanwhile, this phase‐separation approach can be extended to prepare various hierarchically nanoporous electrocatalysts via facile doping with heteroatoms including Fe and Ni, to fine‐tune their surface properties and intrinsic activities.
Recent Advances and Prospects of Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Lineng , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage devices will definitely play a vital role in the future energy landscape of the world. The innovation of electrode materials is a key task for the breakthrough of present bottleneck faced by electrochemical energy storage devices. Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are gaining rapid attention, and they offer tremendous opportunities to explore the low‐cost, safe, and next‐generation green batteries for large‐scale stationary storage applications. In this review, the authors aim to give a comprehensive overview and summary of the recent progresses in cathode materials for AZIBs. Broadly, the authors classify the cathode materials for AZIBs into four groups: manganese‐based cathodes, vanadium‐based cathodes, Prussian blue analogs, and organic compounds. The reaction mechanisms, zinc storage properties, and several optimizing strategies of these cathode materials are summarized. Comparative observations of the main cathode families are discussed. Moreover, the emerging challenges and future research perspectives of cathode materials for AZIBs are proposed.
Electromagnetic and Chemical Enhancements of Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectra from Cu2O Hexagonal Nanoplates
Authors: Liu Chang , Song Qichen , Chen Jianan , Li Xinhao , Cai Jingxuan , Lu Zhouguang , Li Wendi , Fang Nicholas X. , Feng Shien‐Ping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been extensively studied, but quantifiable results on electromagnetic enhancement (EM) are primarily focused on noble metals; as for metal oxides, limited studies exist, and a common impression regarding Raman scatterings is not able to elaborate mechanisms involving EM and multiplicative chemical enhancements. Leveraging on the shape‐controlled synthesis of Cu2O, the hexagonal nanoplates exhibit a remarkable SERS activity and reproducible measurements, enabling a systematic investigation of the SERS mechanism of Cu2O. Here the shape‐dependent SERS activity is elaborated by applying finite‐difference time‐domain simulation; the dominant contributions to SERS activity ascribed to chemical‐bonding and charge‐transfer (CT) enhancements are investigated using ab initio calculation. As the example, it is shown that the chemisorption of 4‐aminothiophenol (PATP) on Cu2O nanoplates leads to the shift of highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels, promoting efficient CT processes. The vibronic coupling of the conduction and valence bands of Cu2O with the molecular orbital of PATP further enhances the Raman scattering. This study on the combined EM and CT channels on Cu2O nanoplates is promising to identify a new group of SERS‐active substrates and advance the fundamental understanding of SERS mechanism, which also opens up a prospect of biocompatible and in situ diagnosis.
Layer‐Number‐Dependent Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of 2D WSe2‐Organic Hybrid Heterojunction
Authors: Ji Jaehoon , Choi Jong Hyun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne of the most attractive features of 2D WSe2 is a tunability in its electronic and optoelectronic properties depending on the layer number. To harness such unique characteristics for device applications, high quality and easily processable heterojunctions are required and relevant layer‐number‐dependent properties must be understood. Herein, a study is reported on hybrid heterojunctions between 2D WSe2 and organic molecules from one‐step solution chemistry and their layer‐number‐dependent properties. Eosin Y (EY) dye is selected as a p‐dopant and uniformly stacked on mechanically exfoliated WSe2 flakes via van der Waals interaction, forming a hybrid heterojunction with a type II alignment. The EY‐WSe2 heterojunction shows significantly enhanced currents compared to pristine WSe2 with a lower barrier height and a longer effective screening length. The work function of the heterostructure is also lower than that of pristine WSe2. The efficient exciton dissociation and doping effect by EY are confirmed by photocurrent and photoluminescence measurements, where WSe2 emission is markedly quenched by EY and exciton contribution decreases with layer number. These findings shed critical insights into layer‐number‐dependent electronic and optoelectronic properties of organic‐WSe2 layers and also provide simple yet effective means to construct transition metal dichalcogenide‐based heterostructures, which should be valuable for developing layered 2D devices.
Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Benzoxazinones with Oxazol‐5‐(4H)‐Ones for Diastereoselective Construction of 3,4‐Disubstituted Dihydro‐2(1H)‐Quinolinones
Authors: Zhao Hong‐Wu , Ding Wan‐Qiu , Guo Jia‐Ming , Wang Li‐Ru , Song Xiu‐Qing , Fan Xiao‐Zu , Tang Zhe , Wu Hui‐Hui , Bi Xiao‐Fan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCatalyzed by Pd2(dba)3.CHCl3 and PPh3, the formal [4+2] cycloaddition between vinyl benzoxazinones and oxazol‐5‐(4H)‐ones proceeded readily and delivered 3,4‐disubstituted dihydro‐2(1H)‐quinolinones in the reasonable chemical yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. The relative stereochemical configuration of the title products was unambiguously characterized with the use of X‐ray diffraction analysis.magnified image
Laser‐Induced Nanodroplet Injection and Reconfigurable Double Emulsions with Designed Inner Structures
Authors: Guo Jin‐Kun , Hong Seung‐Ho , Yoon Hyun‐Jin , Babakhanova Greta , Lavrentovich Oleg D. , Song Jang‐Kun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicrofabrication of complex double emulsion droplets with controlled substructures, which resemble biological cells, is an important but a highly challenging subject. Here, a new approach is proposed based on laser‐induced injection of water nanodroplets into a liquid crystal (LC) drop. In contrast to the conventional top‐down microfluidic fabrication, this method employs a series of bottom‐up strategies such as nanodroplet injection, spontaneous and assisted coalescence, elastically driven actuation, and self‐assembly. Each step is controlled precisely by adjusting the laser beam, interfacial tension, and its gradients, surface anchoring, and elasticity of the LC. Whispering gallery mode illumination is used to monitor the injection of droplets. A broad spectrum of double emulsions with a predesigned hierarchical architecture is fabricated and reconfigured by temperature, laser‐induced coalescence, and injection. The proposed bottom‐up method to produce customized microemulsions that are responsive to environmental cues can be used in the development of drug delivery systems, biosensors, and functional soft matter microstructures.
Treatment and outcomes of arthrogryposis in the upper extremity
Authors: Oishi Scott , Agranovich Olga , Zlotolow Dan , Wall Lindley , Stutz Chris , Pajardi Giorgio , Novelli Chiara , Abdel Ghani Hisham , Jester Andrea , Vuillermin Carley , James Michelle , Manske Mary C. , Beckwith Terri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUpper extremity involvement in patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congentia is quite frequent. Treatment initially consists of stretching and splinting as significant gains can be seen in the first years of life. The goal of any surgical procedure is to improve upper extremity function and performance of daily living activities, yet it is important to treat each patient individually and understand that areas do not always need to be addressed surgically. Despite overall lower functioning scores in this patient population, quality of life scores are comparable to the general aged adjusted population. This article will discuss the clinical presentation, treatment procedures and outcomes when addressing the upper extremities of patients presenting with arthrogryposis.
Reevaluation of the body mass estimate for the KNM‐ER 5428Homo erectustalus
Authors: Cunningham Deborah L. , Rogers Melinda V. , Wescott Daniel J. , McCarthy Robert C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we reexamined the body mass estimate for theHomo erectusspecimen KNM‐ER 5428 based on talus dimensions. Previous estimates of >90 kg for this fossil are large in comparison to body mass estimates for otherH. erectusspecimens.Materials and methodsThe study sample consisted of tali and femora of 132 modern cadaver males from a documented body mass skeletal collection. We recorded the talus trochlear mediolateral (TTML) breadth and femoral head diameter (FHD) for each modern human specimen, and obtained KNM‐ER 5428's TTML values from the literature. We developed regression formulae based on TTML using the body mass estimated from FHD for the entire human sample and for known body masses from a normal‐BMI subsample, and then used these formulae to calculate body mass for KNM‐ER 5428. In addition, we examined the range of body masses for individuals with TTML measurements comparable to KNM‐ER 5428.ResultsThe body masses of normal‐BMI individuals with a TTML ≥32.3 mm (the smaller of the two fossil measurements from the literature) ranged between 60.3 and 86.2 kg and averaged 72.3 kg. The body masses of normal‐BMI individuals with a TTML ≥33.7 mm (the larger measurement) ranged between 63.5 and 86.2 kg with a mean of 73.6 kg. The correlations between TTML and body mass are moderate. Revised body mass point estimates for KNM‐ER 5428 ranged between 69.2 and 81.6 kg based on TTML, and average 70.5 and 76.0 kg.DiscussionResults suggest previously published body mass estimates of KNM‐ER 5428's are too large. Its body mass was likely between 70 and 76 kg rather than >90 kg.
Kommentar zu “Stabilisierung eines niedrigvalenten Eisen(I)‐Ions in einem hochvalenten molekularen Vanadium(V)‐Oxid‐Cluster”
Authors: Sproules Stephen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn einer kürzlich veröffentlichten Zuschrift in dieser Zeitschrift wurde über die Stabilisierung von niederwertigem Eisen(I) in einem vollständig oxidierten Polyoxovanadat berichtet. Ohne ein Argument für ein Ligandenfeld, das eine solche Zuordnung unterstützt, zeigt eine Neubewertung der Daten, zusammen mit einer detaillierten Computeranalyse, dass die Redoxchemie im Polyoxovanadat lokalisiert ist und während der Reduktion einen Spinübergang des Eisens auslöst.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Thiocarbonylation of Styrenes
Authors: Wang Xihong , Wang Bing , Yin Xuemei , Yu Wangzhi , Liao Yang , Ye Jialin , Wang Min , Hu Lianrui , Liao Jian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA highly enantioselective thiocarbonylation of styrenes with CO and thiols has been achieved by Pd catalysis, providing highly enantioenriched thioesters in good to excellent yields. Key to the successful execution of this reaction is the use of a chiral sulfoxide‐(P‐dialkyl)‐phosphine (SOP) ligands. This thiocarbonylation proceeds smoothly under mild reaction conditions (1 atm CO and 0 °C) and displays broad substrate scope. Also demonstrated is that this transformation can be conducted using surrogates of CO, greatly increasing the safety aspects of running the reaction. The generality and utility of the method is manifested by its application to the synthetic transformations of thioester products and the direct acylation of cysteine‐containing dipeptides. A primary mechanism was investigated and a plausible catalytic cycle was proposed.
Thermal Oxidation of Carbonaceous Nanomaterials Revisited: Evidence of Mechanism Changes
Authors: Picheau Emmanuel , Hof Ferdinand , Derré Alain , Daffos Barbara , Pénicaud Alain 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKinetic data, for example, activation energy and reaction order, are crucial for the understanding of chemical reactions and processes. Here, we describe a novel method for obtaining kinetic data based on thermogravimetric measurements (TGA) that exploits in each measurement multiple successive isothermal steps (SIS). We applied this method to the notoriously challenging carbon combustion process for vastly different carbons for oxygen molar fractions between 1.4 % and 90 %. Our obtained apparent EA values are within the wide range of results in the literature and vary in a systematic way with the oxygen partial pressure. The improved accuracy and large amount of obtainable data allowed us to show that the majority of experimentally obtained apparent data for apparent EA are neither in a kinetic regime nor in a diffusion‐controlled one but rather in a transition regime.
Discovery of a New Light–Molecule Interaction: Supracence Reveals What Is Missing in Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Wan Wei , Li Alexander D. Q. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe currently understood principles about light–molecule interactions are limited, and thus scientific scope beyond current theories is rarely harvested. Herein we demonstrate supracence phenomena, in which the emitted photons have more energy than the absorbed photons. The extra energy comes from couplings of the absorbed and emitted photon to molecular phonons, whose potentials are constantly exchanging with molecular quantum energy and the environment. Thus, supracence is a linear optical process rather than a nonlinear optical process, such as second harmonic generation. Because supracence results in cooled molecular phonons and thus cooled molecules, behavior opposite to that of hot fluorescing emitters is expected. This report reveals certain supracence principles while contrasting fluorescence with supracence in high‐resolution imaging.
Cations Controlling the Chiral Assembly of Luminescent Atomically Precise Copper(I) Clusters
Authors: Jin Yan , Li Si , Han Zhen , Yan Bing‐Jie , Li Hai‐Yang , Dong Xi‐Yan , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChiral assembly and asymmetric synthesis are critically important for the generation of chiral metal clusters with chiroptical activities. Here, a racemic mixture of [K(CH3OH)2(18‐crown‐6)]+[Cu5(StBu)6]− (1⋅CH3OH) in the chiral space group was prepared, in which the chiral red‐emissive anionic [Cu5(StBu)6]− cluster was arranged along a twofold screw axis. Interestingly, the release of the coordinated CH3OH of the cationic units turned the chiral 1⋅CH3OH crystal into a mesomeric crystal [K(18‐crown‐6)]+[Cu5(StBu)6]− (1), which has a centrosymmetric space group, by adding symmetry elements of glide and mirror planes through both disordered [Cu5(StBu)6]− units. The switchable chiral/achiral rearrangement of [Cu5(StBu)6]− clusters along with the capture/release of CH3OH were concomitant with an intense increase/decrease in luminescence. We also used cationic chiral amino alcohols to induce the chiral assembly of a pair of enantiomers, [d/l‐valinol(18‐crown‐6)]+[Cu5(StBu)6]− (d/l‐Cu5V), which display impressive circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in contrast to the CPL‐silent racemic mixture of 1⋅CH3OH and mesomeric 1.
A Dynamic Hydrogen‐Bonded Azo‐Macrocycle for Precisely Photo‐Controlled Molecular Encapsulation and Release
Authors: Ye Zecong , Yang Zhiyao , Wang Lei , Chen Lixi , Cai Yimin , Deng Pengchi , Feng Wen , Li Xiaopeng , Yuan Lihua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA light‐responsive system constructed from hydrogen‐bonded azo‐macrocycles demonstrates precisely controlled propensity in molecular encapsulation and release process. A significant decrease in the size of the cavity is observed in the course of the E→Z photoisomerization based on the results from DFT calculations and traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry. These macrocyclic hosts exhibit a rare 2:1 host–guest stoichiometry and guest‐dependent slow or fast exchange on the NMR timescale. With the slow host–guest exchange and switchable shape change of the cavity, quantitative release and capture of bipyridinium guests is achieved with the maximum release of 68 %. This work underscores the importance of slow host–guest exchange on realizing accurate release of organic cations in a stepwise manner under light irradiation. The light‐responsive system established here could advance further design of novel photoresponsive molecular switches and mechanically interlocked molecules.
Ultrasound‐Activated Sensitizers and Applications
Authors: Lin Xiahui , Song Jibin , Chen Xiaoyuan , Yang Huanghao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractModalities for photo‐triggered anticancer therapy are usually limited by their low penetrative depth. Sonotheranostics especially sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which is different from photodynamic therapy (PDT) by the use of highly penetrating acoustic waves to activate a class of sound‐responsive materials called sonosensitizers, has gained significant interest in recent years. The effect of SDT is closely related to the structural and physicochemical properties of the sonosensitizers, which has led to the development of new sound‐activated materials as sonosensitizers for various biomedical applications. This Review provides a summary and discussion of the types of novel sonosensitizers developed in the last few years and outlines their specific designs and the potential challenges. The applications of sonosensitizers with various functions such as for imaging and drug delivery as well as in combination with other treatment modalities would provide new strategies for disease therapy.
Enhanced catalytic performance of Pd‐Ga bimetallic catalysts for 2‐ethylanthraquinone hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Yunhao , Peng Mao , Ye Chenliang , Gan Changna , Zhang Jinli , Guo Cuili 
Published: July 2019

A series of Pd and Pd‐Ga bimetallic catalysts were prepared by a co‐impregnation method for 2‐ethylanthraquinone (EAQ) hydrogenation to produce hydrogen peroxide. Compared with 0.6Pd catalyst, the hydrogenation efficiency of 0.6Pd1.2Ga catalyst (11.9 g L−1) increases by 32.2%, and the stability of 0.6Pd1.2Ga catalyst is also higher than that of 0.6Pd catalyst. The structures of the samples were determined by N2 adsorption–desorption, ICP, XRD, CO chemisorption, TEM, H2‐TPR, in situ CO‐DRIFTS and XPS. The results suggest that incorporation of Ga species improves Pd dispersion and generates a strong interaction between Ga2O3 and Pd interface or between Pd and support. DFT calculation results indicate that the strong adsorption of carbonyl group on Ga2O3/Pd interface facilitates the activation of EAQ and promotes the hydrogenation efficiency.
N‐Doped Carbon Aerogel Derived from a Metal–Organic Framework Foam as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Yi Jun‐Dong , Zhang Meng‐Di , Hou Ying , Huang Yuan‐Biao , Cao Rong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising alternative precursors for the fabrication of heteroatom‐doped carbon materials for energy storage and conversion. However, the direct pyrolysis of bulk MOFs usually gives microporous carbonaceous materials, which significantly hinder the mass transportation and the accessibility of active sites. Herein, N‐doped carbon aerogels with hierarchical micro‐, meso‐, and macropores were fabricated through one‐step pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8/carboxymethylcellulose composite gel. Owing to the hierarchical porosity, high specific surface area, favorable conductivity, excellent thermal and chemical stability, the as‐prepared N‐doped carbon aerogel exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, long‐term durability, and good methanol tolerance in alkaline medium. This work thus provides a new way to fabricate new types of MOF‐derived carbon aerogels for various applications.
Copper nanocluster‐based fluorescence enhanced determination of d‐penicillamine
Authors: Ma Chunlei , Ren Wensheng , Tang Jianke , Wang Xiaoli , Ji Dongxin , Meng Rongqian , Zhang Cuihong , Wang Qi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTaking advantage of the compelling properties of d‐penicillamine (d‐PA) combined with copper, a method for the sensitive and selective determination of d‐PA was established using copper nanocluster (Cu NC)‐based fluorescence enhancement. d‐PA molecules containing a thiol compound showed a strong tendency to combine with the surface of Cu NCs, causing the re‐dispersion of nanoclusters and therefore fluorescence intensity was enhanced. Fluorescence enhancement efficiency of Cu NCs induced by d‐PA was linear, with the d‐PA concentration varying from 0.6–30 μg ml−1 (R2 = 0.9952) and with a detection limit of 0.54 μg ml−1. d‐PA content in human urine samples was detected with recoveries of 104.8–112.99%. Fluorescence‐enhanced determination of d‐PA using Cu NCs was established for the first time and this rapid, easy and sensitive method should attract much attention for this application.