bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exodus From the Classroom: Student Perceptions, Lecture Capture Technology, and the Inception of On-Demand Preclinical Medical Education
Authors: Ikonne Uzoma , Campbell Anna M. , Whelihan Kate E. , Bay Ralph C. , Lewis Joy H. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Context
Some medical educators have noted a decline in classroom attendance. Understanding student preferences for content delivery and the relationship between student attendance and learning outcomes may enhance curricular design and best practices for technology-supported learning.

Objective
To measure the attendance of first-year osteopathic medical students, evaluate the relationship between classroom attendance and aggregate mean course grades, and characterize factors that influence attendance decisions when recorded lectures are available.

Methods
In nonmandatory class sessions during the 2015-2016 academic year, student attendance data were collected using audience response technology and were linked to course grades. Pearson product moment and partial correlations, controlling for Medical College Admissions Test scores, were calculated to quantify the relationship between classroom attendance and aggregate mean course grades. Students were surveyed to characterize factors influencing attendance decisions and compare the perceived convenience, efficiency, and effectiveness of classroom attendance vs lecture capture technology. The preferred modality for receiving didactic content was assessed, and open-ended questions were included about the advantages or disadvantages of lecture capture, classroom attendance, and podcasts. Responses were analyzed using open and axial coding.

Results
A 78% reduction in first-year student classroom attendance was measured from the beginning to the end of the academic year (P<.001). The correlation between classroom attendance and aggregate mean course grades (r=0.17; P=.29) and the partial correlation between them after controlling for admission test scores (r=0.18; P=.08) were not significant, except in the Neuromusculoskeletal A course (r=0.22; P=.027). Students regarded lecture capture recordings as more convenient, efficient, and effective than classroom attendance, and podcasting was the preferred method of content delivery. Major themes associated with the open-ended questions were effective or ineffective time management, enhanced interaction, learning advantages or challenges, and positive or negative content characteristics.

Conclusion
First-year classroom attendance decreased significantly during the academic year, but the authors found no significant relationship between attendance and aggregate mean course grades. Students regarded lecture capture recordings as a practical alternative to attending class; however, podcasts were the preferred modality for receiving didactic content. These findings may help in developing learning-centered curricula at colleges of osteopathic medicine.
Dosimetric evaluation of an atlas‐based synthetic CT generation approach for MR‐only radiotherapy of pelvis anatomy
Authors: Farjam Reza , Tyagi Neelam , Deasy Joseph O. , Hunt Margie A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the potential of an atlas‐based approach in generation of synthetic CT for pelvis anatomy.MethodsTwenty‐three matched pairs of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were selected from a pool of prostate cancer patients. All MR scans were preprocessed to reduce scanner‐ and patient‐induced intensity inhomogeneities and to standardize their intensity histograms. Ten (training dataset) of 23 pairs were then utilized to construct the coregistered CT‐MR atlas. The synthetic CT for a new patient is generated by appropriately weighting the deformed atlas of CT‐MR onto the new patient MRI. The training dataset was used as an atlas to generate the synthetic CT for the rest of the patients (test dataset). The mean absolute error (MAE) between the deformed planning CT and synthetic CT was computed over the entire CT image, bone, fat, and muscle tissues. The original treatment plans were also recomputed on the new synthetic CTs and dose–volume histogram metrics were compared. The results were compared with a commercially available synthetic CT Software (MRCAT) that is routinely used in our clinic.ResultsMAE errors (±SD) between the deformed planning CT and our proposed synthetic CTs in the test dataset were 47 ± 5, 116 ± 12, 36 ± 6, and 47 ± 5 HU for the entire image, bone, fat, and muscle tissues respectively. The MAEs were 65 ± 5, 172 ± 9, 43 ± 7, and 42 ± 4 HU for the corresponding tissues in MRCAT CT. The dosimetric comparison showed consistent results for all plans using our synthetic CT, deformed planning CT and MRCAT CT.ConclusionWe investigated the potential of a multiatlas approach to generate synthetic CT images for the pelvis. Our results demonstrate excellent results in terms of HU value assignment compared to the original CT and dosimetric consistency.
OGTT is recommended for glucose homeostasis assessments in Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Azzi Anne‐Sophie , Cosentino Cristina , Kibanda Jésabelle , Féry Françoise , Cnop Miriam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiabetes is a common complication of Friedreich ataxia, requiring sensitive diagnostic methods. Here, we compared the performance of different tests that assess glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and β‐cell function in Friedreich ataxia patients, heterozygous FXN mutation carriers and controls. We find that diabetes is underdiagnosed with fasting glucose alone. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) provides 1.2‐ to 3.5‐fold more diagnoses of impaired glucose homeostasis and diabetes, and adequately measures insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and β‐cell function. Clinicians in charge of Friedreich ataxia patients and researchers should incorporate the OGTT as an accurate diagnostic and research tool.
Hip Involvement in Patients With Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease: Potential and Limits of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
Authors: Di Matteo Andrea , Filippucci Emilio , Cipolletta Edoardo , Musca Alice , Carotti Marina , Mashadi Mirza Riccardo , Jesus Diogo , Martire Victoria , Pierucci Daniele , Di Carlo Marco , Salaffi Fausto , Grassi Walter 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo preliminarily explore the diagnostic potential of ultrasound (US) in detecting calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal deposits at the hip joint in a cohort of patients with CPP deposition disease (CPPD) who were previously evaluated by conventional radiography (CR) and to assess the sensitivity and specificity as well as the agreement between US and CR in the evaluation of hip CPP crystal deposits.MethodsFifty consecutive patients with definite CPPD and 40 age/sex/body mass index–matched disease control subjects who had undergone hip CR within the previous 6 months were enrolled. Bilateral hip US examination was carried out to assess the presence of CCP crystal deposits at the acetabular labrum fibrocartilage and at the femoral head's hyaline cartilage. Two independent radiologists evaluated the presence of hip CPP crystal deposits on CR in both groups.ResultsUS findings indicative of CPP crystal deposits were found in at least 1 hip in 45 of 50 patients with CPPD (90.0%) and in 73 of 100 hips (73.0%). CPP crystal deposits were more frequently found at the acetabular labrum fibrocartilage than at the femoral head's hyaline cartilage (72% and 17% of the hips in patients with CPPD, respectively). US and CR sensitivity was 90% and 86%, whereas US and CR specificity was 85% and 90%, respectively. Total agreement between the US and CR findings was 77.8%.ConclusionOur results provide new evidence supporting US as a first‐line, sensitive, safe, and reliable imaging technique in detecting CPP crystal deposits at the hip level.
Ten Years of Interventional Research in Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Mapping of Trial Registries
Authors: Iudici Michele , Bafeta Aïda , Atal Ignacio , Ravaud Philippe 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive overview of interventional clinical trials registered in international databases and planned and conducted within the last 10 years in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsWe searched the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for all records on interventional clinical trials targeting patients with SSc performed since September 2007. Two reviewers selected studies according to the prespecified eligibility criteria. Information on start date, country of origin, funding sources, phase of development, study design, (planned) sample size, enrollment status, outcomes, disease complication, and treatments investigated were retrieved and summarized.ResultsAmong the 198 eligible studies identified (122 randomized controlled trials [RCTs; 62%]), 87 (30%) were conducted in Europe, 165 (83%) in a single country, and 81 (41%) were industry‐funded. The majority of trials investigated pharmacologic treatments (75%), mostly nonbiotherapies (57%). RCTs were mostly 2‐arm (82%) placebo‐controlled (71%) studies with a median number of patients enrolled or planned to be enrolled of 40 (interquartile range 25–77 [range 10–586]). Twenty‐one RCTs (17%) planned to enroll orenrolled >100 patients. Time to assess the primary outcome was found to be adequate in 29% to 50% of RCTs retrieved. Patients age >65 years were excluded in 14% of studies. SSc complications more frequently investigated in overall studies were skin thickness (26%), Raynaud's phenomenon/digital ulcers (24%), and interstitial lung disease (14%).ConclusionThe SSc research landscape is dominated by small, short, and mainly placebo‐controlled trials, especially investigating pharmacologic treatments. Some patients’ needs continue to be neglected.
Endothelial Cell Mechanotransduction in the Dynamic Vascular Environment
Authors: Charbonier Frank W. , Zamani Maedeh , Huang Ngan F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe endothelial cells (ECs) that line the inner layer of blood vessels are responsible for maintaining vascular homeostasis under physiological conditions. In the presence of disease or injury, ECs can become dysfunctional and contribute to a progressive decline in vascular health. ECs are constantly exposed to a variety of dynamic mechanical stimuli, including hemodynamic shear stress, pulsatile stretch, and passive signaling cues derived from the extracellular matrix. This review describes the molecular mechanisms by which ECs perceive and interpret these mechanical signals. The translational applications of mechanosensing are then discussed in the context of endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and engineering of vascular grafts.
Pore Engineering of Mesoporous Tungsten Oxides for Ultrasensitive Gas Sensing
Authors: Li Yuhui , Zhou Xinran , Luo Wei , Cheng Xiaowei , Zhu Yongheng , El‐Toni Ahmed Mohamed , Khan Aslam , Deng Yonghui , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe mesoporous tungsten oxides have shown great potential in various fields, including energy storage and conversion, catalysis, and gas sensor, because they have ordered porous architectures and unique semiconducting property for host–guest interaction. Most of the reported mesoporous tungsten oxides have monomodal mesopores, which are not favorable for the mass diffusion and host–guest interactions. To date, it still remains a great challenge to synthesize ordered mesoporous WO3 with bimodal or hierarchical pores and crystalline frameworks. Herein, a pore engineering strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of ordered mesoporous WO3 with well‐connected bimodal pores, and crystalline pore walls by using hydrophilic resols as the sacrificial carbon source which can interact preferentially with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) domains and serves a glue to bridge the tungsten species and poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐polystyrene block copolymers. The obtained ordered mesoporous tungsten oxide materials possess dual mesopore size (5.8 and 15.8 nm), high surface area (128 m2 g−1), large window size (7.7 nm), and highly crystalline mesostructure. The dual mesoporous WO3‐based gas sensor exhibits significantly excellent gas sensing performance toward H2S with a rapid response (3 s) and recovery (14 s) even at low concentration (0.2 ppm), and high selectivity, which is much better than previously reported WO3‐based sensors.
Ultrastable and Low‐Threshold Random Lasing from Narrow‐Bandwidth‐Emission Triangular Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Yuan Fanglong , Xi Zifan , Shi Xiaoyu , Li Yunchao , Li Xiaohong , Wang Zhaona , Fan Louzhen , Yang Shihe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe development of ultrastable and low‐threshold random lasers has long been the subject of intense academic research, in anticipation for widespread applications spanning from military weapon devices, biomedical therapy, and materials processing to energy savings. Reported here is the first example of ultrastable and low‐threshold random lasing emissions ranging from blue to red based on narrow bandwidth emission triangular carbon quantum dots (CQDs). The lasing thresholds of the blue, green, and red random lasers are determined to be as low as 0.087, 0.052, and 0.048 mJ cm−2, and the corresponding narrow full widths at half maximum are 0.9, 0.37, and 0.82 nm, respectively. Furthermore, such random lasers demonstrate outstanding stability. This work will inspire further research on lasers operating in other modes, based on the CQDs, such as the whispering‐gallery mode and the Fabry–Pérot mode, which will expedite the development of the next‐generation of ultrastable and low‐threshold CQDs‐based laser technology.
Structure‐Optimized Interpolymer Polyphosphazene Complexes for Effective Gene Delivery against Glioblastoma
Authors: Hsu Wei‐Hsin , Sánchez‐Gómez Pilar , Gomez‐Ibarlucea Esther , Ivanov Delyan P. , Rahman Ruman , Grabowska Anna M. , Csaba Noemi , Alexander Cameron , Garcia‐Fuentes Marcos 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSafe and efficient gene delivery vectors will enhance the prospects for polynucleotide‐based therapies. Herein a new approach toward structurally optimized gene vector design based on the preparation of clickable poly(allylamino‐phosphazene)s that can be converted to several cationic and anionic derivatives via thiol–ene addition is described. Simultaneous co‐incubation of alkylamine‐ and alkylcarboxylate‐poly(phosphazenes) with polynucleotide generates binary polyelectrolyte nanoparticles. Screening of a series of these complexes for transfection in glioblastoma cells shows that the inclusion of 6‐mercaptohexanoic acid substituted poly(phosphazene)s in the complexes results in six‐fold and 19‐fold higher luciferase expression in U87MG cells and GBM1 primary cells, respectively. This effect is attributed to the specific ionization properties of these materials that improved polyplex intracellular trafficking. Transfection in 3D‐spheroid models and subcutaneous xenograft U87MG tumors confirms higher transgene expression for the binary cationic/anionic poly(phosphazene) complexes compared to the related polycation‐pDNA complexes and to PEI‐pDNA complexes. The data also indicate a notable capacity of the mixed complexes to deliver genes to the inner cores of tumor spheroids. Extension of this approach to siRNA delivery shows that the mixed poly(phosphazene) complexes can silence DYRK1A, a gene implicated in glioblastoma initiation and progression, reducing U87MG cell renewal in vitro and delaying tumor growth in vivo.
Low‐Voltage, High‐Frequency Organic Transistors and Unipolar and Complementary Ring Oscillators on Paper
Authors: Kraft Ulrike , Zaki Tarek , Letzkus Florian , Burghartz Joachim N. , Weber Edwin , Murmann Boris , Klauk Hagen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPaper substrates for flexible, mobile, and disposable electronic applications draw academic and commercial attention due to their many advantages, such as cost efficiency, low weight, mechanical flexibility, and environmental compatibility. For portable electronic applications, it is important that the electronic devices and circuits can be operated with voltages of a few volts, due to the limitations of mobile power supplies, such as solar cells or energy harvesting devices. Here, low‐voltage organic p‐channel and n‐channel transistors as well as unipolar and complementary ring oscillators are fabricated directly on the surface of a banknote. It is demonstrated that low‐power organic integrated circuits on paper substrates can be operated with supply voltages of less than 3 V and with frequencies of several hundred kilohertz. These results emphasize the prospects of organic transistors for smart paper applications.
Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes or Very Rigid Conjugated Polymers: A Comparison
Authors: Zaumseil Jana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWith the ability to produce large amounts of purely semiconducting and even monochiral dispersions of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) their application as a bulk material in thin film devices on a large scale becomes feasible. Their physical properties, processing, and final devices are quite similar to those of semiconducting polymers. In the extreme case one may view carbon nanotubes as very long, rigid, and fully conjugated polymers. This analogy raises the question whether the knowledge accumulated over the last two decades of processing and studying conjugated polymers could be transferred to solution‐processed nanotube devices. Here, the optical and electronic properties of both materials in solution and in thin films are discussed and compared with a focus on their application in optoelectronic devices. Some striking similarities and common issues are highlighted to show the connection between conjugated polymers and SWCNTs as 1D semiconductors.
Mortality from liver angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cirrhosis among vinyl chloride workers
Authors: Fedeli Ugo , Girardi Paolo , Gardiman Giulio , Zara Davide , Scoizzato Luca , Ballarin Maria N. , Baccini Michela , Pirastu Roberta , Comba Pietro , Mastrangelo Giuseppe 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundOccupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) has been established as a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver angiosarcoma (ASL). However, some controversy remains due to conflicting results on liver cirrhosis, and to evidence on HCC based on few confirmed cases. The aim of the study is to clarify the association between VCM exposure and mortality from liver diseases.MethodsIn a cohort of 1658 workers involved in VCM production and polymerization, Poisson regression was adopted to estimate rate ratios (RR) across categories of VCM exposure for mortality due to ASL (n = 9), HCC (n = 31) confirmed by histological/clinical records, and the combination of deaths from liver cirrhosis and from liver cancer with clinical/histological evidence of cirrhosis (n = 63).ResultsCumulative VCM exposure was associated with study outcomes; RRs in the highest compared to the lowest exposure category were: ASL 91.1 (95%Confidence Interval 16.8‐497), HCC 5.52 (2.03‐15.0), liver cirrhosis 2.60 (1.19‐5.67).ConclusionsThe risk of death from liver cirrhosis, as well as from HCC in the largest available series of confirmed cases, increased with VCM exposure.
Impact of California's safe patient handling legislation on musculoskeletal injury prevention among nurses
Authors: Lee Soo‐Jeong , Lee Joung Hee , Harrison Robert 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThis study evaluated the impact of California's safe patient handling (SPH) legislation on musculoskeletal injury prevention among hospital nurses.MethodsTwo serial cross‐sectional surveys were conducted using postal and online questionnaires in statewide random samples of California registered nurses in 2013 and 2016. Analysis included hospital nurses who performed patient handling (n = 254 and n = 281, respectively).ResultsIn 2016, there were significant improvements in nurses’ knowledge of a SPH policy in their hospital (87%), receipt of annual SPH training (73%), and availability of lift equipment (80%); 33% perceived their hospital's SPH programs as excellent or very good. Significant prevalence reduction was observed for work‐related musculoskeletal symptoms (61% vs 52%; Adjusted Prevalence Ratio = 0.78, 95% CI 0.66‐0.91).ConclusionsOur findings indicate the significant role of SPH legislation with positive impacts on SPH policies and programs at the hospital level and on musculoskeletal health outcomes at the worker level.
Access to All‐Carbon Spirocycles through a Carbene and Thiourea Cocatalytic Desymmetrization Cascade Reaction
Authors: Zhuo Shitian , Zhu Tingshun , Zhou Liejin , Mou Chengli , Chai Huifang , Lu Yunpeng , Pan Lutai , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new catalytic approach for rapid asymmetric access to spirocycles is disclosed. The reaction involves a carbene‐ and thiourea‐cocatalyzed desymmetrization process with the simultaneous installation of a spirocyclic core. The use of a thiourea cocatalyst is critical to turn on this reaction, as no product was formed in the absence of a thiourea. Our study constitutes the first success in the carbene‐catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of all‐carbon spirocycles. The reaction products can be readily transformed into sophisticated multicyclic molecules and chiral ligands.
A Chemiluminescent Probe for HNO Quantification and Real‐Time Monitoring in Living Cells
Authors: An Weiwei , Ryan Lucas S. , Reeves Audrey G. , Bruemmer Kevin J. , Mouhaffel Lyn , Gerberich Jeni L. , Winters Alexander , Mason Ralph P. , Lippert Alexander R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAzanone (HNO) is a reactive nitrogen species with pronounced biological activity and high therapeutic potential for cardiovascular dysfunction. A critical barrier to understanding the biology of HNO and furthering clinical development is the quantification and real‐time monitoring of its delivery in living systems. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of the first chemiluminescent probe for HNO, HNOCL‐1, which can detect HNO generated from concentrations of Angeli's salt as low as 138 nm with high selectivity based on the reaction with a phosphine group to form a self‐cleavable azaylide intermediate. We have capitalized on this high sensitivity to develop a generalizable kinetics‐based approach, which provides real‐time quantitative measurements of HNO concentration at the picomolar level. HNOCL‐1 can monitor dynamics of HNO delivery in living cells and tissues, demonstrating the versatility of this method for tracking HNO in living systems.