bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normativité, signification et acte locutionnaire
Authors: Groulier Charles 
Published: January 2019

La question de savoir si la signification est normative et comment préciser l’idée de normativité sémantique fait l’objet de nombreux débats actuels. Nous proposons de partir de l’hypothèse qu’un langage est un système de règles, et qu’apprendre un langage c’est apprendre à obéir à des règles qui régissent l’usage de ses expressions. Nous distinguons d’abord entre différentes notions de signification et de normativité. Puis nous examinons de façon critique deux objections à l’idée d’une normativité sémantique : la première réduit la normativité sémantique au « doit » instrumental, l’autre à la normativité épistémique. Nous proposons ensuite une conception alternative de la normativité sémantique fondée sur le concept (propre à la théorie des actes de langage) d’acte locutionnaire.
Reproductive pattern and population dynamics of commercial red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) from China: implications for sustainable aquaculture management
Authors: Jin Shiyu , Jacquin Lisa , Xiong Mantang , Li Ruojing , Lek Sovan , Li Wei , Zhang Tanglin 
Published: January 2019

Background
The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), is one of the most promising freshwater species for aquaculture in China. Understanding its reproductive pattern and population dynamics is crucial for sustainable management, but there is currently a lack of fundamental knowledge of commercial P. clarkii populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the reproductive pattern and population dynamics of commercial P. clarkii throughout the yearly cycle.

Methods
A total of 2,051 crayfish (1,012 females and 1,039 males) were collected from March 2016 to February 2017 in the area of Selection and Reproduction Center of Crayfish. The reproductive pattern was evaluated by the gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), ovarian development and fecundity. Growth, mortality rates and exploitation rate were estimated by electronic length frequency analysis by R package “TropFishR” based on data of cephalothorax length (CTL).

Results
Our results demonstrated that spawning activities of P. clarkii took place from September to November, with a mean fecundity of 429 ± 9 eggs per female. There were two recruitments yearly, a major one from October to November and a minor one from March to May. With respect to population growth, five growth cohorts were identified for both females and males. Crayfish grew faster but attained smaller asymptotic maximum CTL as indicated by higher growth coefficient (K), growth parameter index (Ø′) and lower asymptotic CTL (Linf). The estimates of total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality rate (M) and fishing mortality rate (F) were 1.93, 1.02, 0.91 year−1 for females and 2.32, 0.93, 1.39 year−1 for males, which showed that the mortality of male crayfish was mainly caused by fishing. The estimates of exploitation rate (E) indicated that male crayfish were overexploited, with the values of 0.47 and 0.60 year−1 for females and males, respectively.

Discussion
P. clarkii spawned from September to November while two recruitments were observed yearly. We inferred that some eggs, prevented from hatching by low water temperature in winter, were more likely to hatch in the next spring. Moreover, the fishing mortality rate was relatively high for males, which might be related to the males-directed selection during the reproductive period. The higher values of exploitation rate in our study confirmed that males P. clarkii were overexploited and were under high fishing pressure. We thus suggest reducing fishing intensity on immature crayfish and avoid sex selection during the reproductive period to improve the overall sustainability of commercial P. clarkii populations.
PEGylated MoS2 Nanosheets: A Dual Functional Photocatalyst for Photodegradation of Organic Dyes and Photoreduction of Chromium from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ntakadzeni Madima , Anku William Wilson , Kumar Neeraj , Govender Penny Poomani , Reddy Leelakrishna 
Published: January 2019

This article reports the synthesis of PEGylated microspheres of MoS2 nanosheets through the hydrothermal method and its application in rhodamine B and methylene blue dyes photodegradation, and photoreduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) in water under illumination with visible light. The catalyst was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and UV-Vis spectroscopies. XRD result reveals the MoS2 nanosheets to be present in the hexagonal phase of MoS2. SEM, TEM, and HRTEM images show that the synthesised sample has spherical shapes made up of several thin sheets of MoS2. The catalyst showed visible light responsivity with a calculated band gap of 1.92 eV. The MoS2 nanosheets exhibited high degradation efficiency against both dyes. The RhB and MB dyes experienced degradation efficiencies of 97.30 % (RhB) and 98.05 % (MB) in 75 min 90 min, respectively. The MoS2 photocatalyst is also observed to be effective in photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and displayed 91.05% reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in 75 min. The results reveal that the synthesised MoS2 nanosheet is a good photocatalytic material for degradation of dyes and reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in water.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of DUT-52 and Investigation of Its Photoluminescent Properties
Authors: Kesuma Ruth Febriana , Patah Aep , Permana Yessi 
Published: January 2019

A zirconium metal-organic framework (MOF) of DUT-52 (DUT: Dresden University of Technology) was synthesized herein by reacting zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4) and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H2NDC) in DMF under microwave heating at 115 oC for 25 min. This synthetic procedure was more efficient than a solvothermal method, by which a long thermal exposure (24 h) of 100-150 oC was required to produce the same MOF. The MOF has a thermal stability of 560 °C, prior to partial loss of interconnected 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (NDC) linkers at some structure building units (SBU). Crystallinity of this DUT-52 was ca. 77 %, which was the same as one synthesized solvothermally. Diffuse Reflectance UV-Vis spectra revealed an absorption at λex of 287 nm, which was equivalent to a bandgap energy of 4.32 eV. Electron excitations of this DUT-52 at 275 and 300 nm gave emission wavelength of 433 nm (a purple region), indicating a prospective use of DUT-52 as a photoluminescent material.
Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Material from Monosodium Glutamate and Its Catalytic Performance
Authors: Zhou Ying Mei , Wang Xiao Hui , Cai Ke Ying , Wu Ji Ming , Wang Peng , Song Ming 
Published: January 2019

N-doped carbon materials (NCMs) are generally used as electrode materials, and seldom used as catalysts in chemical reaction. In this work, NCMs were prepared by high-temperature pyrolysis using monosodium glutamate as sources of both carbon and nitrogen, magnesium acetate as a porogen, and nickel hydroxide as a graphitization catalyst. The catalytic performance of NCMs was investigated in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) with potassium borohydride at 30 ºC. As metal-free catalysts, all of the NCMs can catalyze the reaction. The graphitization degree and N-doped amount of NCM have a great influence on the catalytic activity. The NCM annealed at 800 ºC has higher activity and stability. The reaction rate constant can reach 0.57 min-1, and the activation energy was about 36.4 kJ/mol.
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Stabilized with Gum Arabic: Effect of Microwave Irradiation Time on ZnO Nanoparticles Size and Morphology
Authors: Pauzi Norlin , Mat Zain Norashikin , Ahmad Yusof Nurul Amira 
Published: January 2019

The conventional heating methods of nanoparticle synthesis regularly depend on the energy inputs from outer heat sources that resulted high energy intake and low reaction competences. In this paper ZnO nanoparticles stabilized with gum arabic are synthesized using precipitating method assisted by simple and cost effective microwave heating technique. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of microwave irradiation time towards ZnO nanoparticles morphology and size. The effect of microwave irradiation time has been investigated at 2, 4, 6, and 10 minutes. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was employed to measure the size of ZnO nanoparticles. Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used for the characterization of the ZnO nanoparticles. UV-vis absorption spectrum was found in the range of 350 nm indicating the absorption peak of ZnO nanoparticles. FTIR spectra showed peaks range from 424 to 475 cm–1 which indicating standard of Zn–O stretching. The presence of (100), (002), and (101) planes were apparent in the XRD result, indicating the crystalline phase of ZnO nanoparticles. The increase in the microwave irradiation time affected the processes of nucleation and crystal growth promoted larger ZnO nanoparticles size. Microwave irradiation time at 2 minutes was selected as the best microwave irradiation time for smallest ZnO nanoparticles averaging about 168 nm sizes based on DLS analysis.
Development of CaO/PVA Catalyst from Fish Bone for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Sulaiman Sarina , Abdul Jamaludin Nor Fatin , Kabbashi Nassereldeen Ahmed 
Published: January 2019

In this study, calcium oxide were synthesized from fish bone waste and the optimum condition : catalyst amount, temperature and methanol to oil ratio (molar) for biodiesel production were studied. The calcium oxide (CaO) derived from fish bone wastes was then supported on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to easily separate the catalyst and biodiesel. Fish bone were dried in oven at 70 oC for 24 hr before calcination process at 900 oC for 4 hours. The biodiesel yield was studied by varying three parameters, namely methanol to oil ratio (molar) (6:1 - 20:1), amount of catalyst (1-10 wt%) and temperature (55-65 oC). The highest yield obtained from this study was at 80.40 % with catalyst amount of 10 wt%, methanol to oil ratio (molar) of 20:1 and temperature of 65 oC.
Intercalations and Characterization of Zinc/Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide-Cinnamic Acid
Authors: Adam Nurain , Sheikh Mohd Ghazali Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin , Dzulkifli Nur Nadia , Che Hak Cik Rohaida , Sarijo Siti Halimah 
Published: January 2019

Cinnamic acid (CA) is known to lose its definite function by forming into radicals that able to penetrate into the skin and lead to health issues. Incorporating CA into zinc/aluminum-layered double hydroxides (Zn/Al-LDH) able to reduce photodegradation and eliminate close contact between skin and CA. Co-precipitation or direct method used by using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and aluminium nitrate nonahydrate as starting precursors with addition of various concentration of CA. The pH were kept constant at 7 ± 0.5. Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) shows the presence of nanocomposites peak 3381 cm–1 for OH group, 1641 cm–1 for C=O group, 1543 cm–1 for C=C group and 1206 cm–1 for C–O group and disappearance of N–O peak at 1352 cm–1 indicates that cinnamic acid were intercalated in between the layered structures. Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) analysis for Zn/Al-LDH show the basal spacing of 9.0 Ǻ indicates the presence of nitrate and increases to 18.0 Ǻ in basal spacing in 0.4M Zn/Al-LDH-CA. CHNS analysis stated that 40 % of cinnamic acid were being found and intercalated in between the interlayer region of the Zn/Al-LDH with higher thermal stability. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images of 0.4 M Zn/Al-LDH-CA shows that the nanocomposites are in more compact, flaky non porous, large agglomerates with smooth the surfaces of the intercalated compound. Controlled release was successful with 80 % release in phosphite anion and 70 % release carbonate anion. The cinnamic acid was successfully inserted between the interlayer regions of Zn/Al-LDH with slow release formulation.
Resident Clinical Experience in the Emergency Department: Patient Encounters by Postgraduate Year
Authors: Douglass Amy , Yip Kathleen , Lumanauw Debryna , Fleischman Ross J. , Jordan Jaime , Tanen David A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundDuring emergency medicine (EM) training, residents are exposed to a wide spectrum of patient complaints. We sought to determine how resident clinical experience changes based on training level in relation to the patient acuity levels, chief complaints, and dispositions.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients seen at a safety‐net, academic hospital in Los Angeles from July 1, 2015, to June 30, 2016. Resident postgraduate year (PGY) level and specialty, patient acuity (based on the Emergency Severity Index), chief complaint (based on one of 30 categories), and disposition were abstracted. Our primary objective was to examine the progression of EM resident experience throughout the course of training. As a secondary objective, we compared the cases seen by EM and off‐service PGY‐1s.ResultsA total of 49,535 visits were examined, and of these, 32,870 (66.4%) were in the adult ED (AED) and 16,665 (33.6%) were in the pediatric ED (PED). The median acuity level was 3, and 27.4% of AED patients and 7.3% of PED patients were admitted. Data from 126 residents were analyzed. This included 94 PGY‐1 residents (16 EM and 78 off‐service), 16 PGY‐2 EM, and 16 PGY‐3 EM residents. Residents of different training levels evaluated different types of patients. Senior EM residents were more likely to care for higher‐acuity patients than junior EM residents. EM PGY‐3s saw higher percentages of acuity level 1 and 2 patients (2.3 and 37.8%, respectively, of their total patients) than EM PGY‐1s (0.3 and 18.7%, respectively). Conversely, EM PGY‐1s saw higher percentages of acuity level 4 and 5 patients (27.9 and 1.6%, respectively) compared to EM PGY‐3s (10.7 and 0.7%, respectively). There was a significant linear trend for increasing acuity with training year among EM residents (p < 0.001). EM PGY‐1s saw more patients than off‐service PGY‐1s with slightly higher acuities and admission rates.ConclusionThe clinical experience of EM residents varies based on their level of training. EM residents show a progression throughout residency and are more likely to encounter higher volumes of patients with higher acuity as they progress in their training. When designing EM residency curriculums, this is a model of an EM residency program.
Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome with 46,XY disorders of sex development: A case report
Authors: Fu Qian , Wang Hui , Qi Zhan , Zhang Yaxin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present a case of a Chinese child with X‐linked Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of 46,XY disorders of sex development (ambiguous genitalia, cryptorchidism, and uterus in the pelvis) in surviving SGBS patients. Other external anomalies included characteristic facial anomalies, overgrowth, macrocephaly, organomegaly, pectus excavatum, and cryptorchidism. It could be that the GPC3 gene mutation caused Leydig cell dysfunction in our patient. Disorders of sex development can be included as part of the clinical spectrum of SGBS.
Synthesis of a Cu2O/Carbon Film/NiCoB‐Graphene Oxide Heterostructure as Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Yu Chunlin , Zhang Xingwang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical cells (PECs) for water splitting offer a promising way to convert solar energy into chemical energy. The electron transfer rate and surface‐catalyzed ability toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) play key roles in the efficiency of PEC water splitting. In this work, a photocathode based on a Cu2O/Carbon film/NiCoB‐graphene oxide (Cu2O/C/NiCoB−GO) heterostructure is fabricated. The thickness‐controllable carbon film served as the electron transport and protective layer with favorable optical properties. The NiCoB‐GO amorphous catalyst displays efficient performance towards HER in neutral condition. The optimized photocathode shows a PEC‐HER performance with a photocurrent density of −2.9 mA/cm2 at 0 V vs. RHE, and it also presents better stability than bare Cu2O. This work provides a novel heterostructure photocathode for promoting solar‐driven PEC water splitting efficiently.
Covalently Palladated Oligonucleotides Through Oxidative Addition of Pd0
Authors: Räisälä Harri , Lönnberg Tuomas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn 11‐mer oligonucleotide incorporating a central (2‐iodobenzoylamino)methyl residue has been synthesized and palladated by oxidative addition of Pd2(dba)3. UV melting profiles of the duplexes formed by the palladated oligonucleotide with its natural complements were biphasic and the higher melting temperatures (Tm) exhibited considerable hysteresis. CD spectra, in turn, resembled those of canonical B‐type double helices. Two‐step denaturation, with the “low‐Tm” melting involving only canonical base pairs and the “high‐Tm” melting involving also dissociation of a PdII‐mediated base pair, appears the most likely explanation for the observed UV melting profiles. As the latter step in all cases takes place at a higher temperature than denaturation of natural duplexes of the same length, the putative PdII‐mediated base pairs are stabilizing.
Research on the heat and mass transfer mechanisms for growth of hydrate shell from gas bubbles
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Xia Andi , Sun Baojiang , Liao Youqiang , Wang Zhiyuan , Gao Yonghai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs a fundamental study for hydrate utilization technologies, hydrate growth is a complicated rate‐limiting process controlled by heat and mass transfer mechanisms. Generally, the experimental data of hydrate shell lateral growth in the literature are compiled based on the system subcooling, while those of hydrate shell vertical growth are compiled based on the molecular mobility of the hydrate formers and water. In this study, we quantitatively investigate the dominating factors for hydrate film growth considering the opposite mass or heat transfer limitations, which can explain the observed phenomena from the literature more comprehensively. Firstly, a model is derived to describe the lateral growth of hydrate shell considering the convective mass transfer and effective concentration driving force at the film front. It can demonstrate the important effects of subcooling and other system factors such as gas type, aqueous solution, and system pressure on hydrate shell lateral growth. Secondly, an improved self‐similar model is presented to simulate the process of hydrate shell thickening considering the heat transfer limitation. The simulation results indicate that the hydrate shell growth rate decreases with a decrease in the subcooling and an increase in the bubble radius.
Prevalence, pattern and clinical relevance of ultrasound indices of congestion in outpatients with heart failure
Authors: Pellicori Pierpaolo , Shah Parin , Cuthbert Joe , Urbinati Alessia , Zhang Jufen , Kallvikbacka‐Bennett Anna , Clark Andrew L. , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: January 2019

AimsEven if treatment controls symptoms, patients with heart failure may still be congested. We aimed at assessing the prevalence and clinical relevance of congestion in outpatients with chronic heart failure.Methods and resultsWe recorded clinical and ultrasound [lung B‐lines; inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter; internal jugular vein diameter before and after a Valsalva manoeuvre (JVD ratio)] features of congestion in heart failure patients during a routine check‐up. Of 342 patients who attended, predominantly in New York Heart Association class I or II (n = 257; 75%), 242 (71%) had at least one feature of congestion, either clinical (n = 139; 41%) or by ultrasound (n = 199; 58%). Amongst patients (n = 203, 59%) clinically free of congestion, 31 (15%) had ≥ 14 B‐lines, 57 (29%) had a dilated IVC (> 2.0 cm), 38 (20%) had an abnormal JVD ratio (< 4), 87 (43%) had at least one of these, and 27 (13%) had two or more. During a median follow‐up of 234 (interquartile range 136–351) days, 60 patients (18%) died or were hospitalized for heart failure. In univariable analysis, each clinical and ultrasound measure of congestion was associated with increased risk but, in multivariable models, only higher N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and IVC, and lower JVD ratio, were associated with the composite outcome.ConclusionsMany patients with chronic heart failure with few symptoms have objective evidence of congestion and this is associated with an adverse prognosis. Whether using these measures of congestion to guide management improves outcomes requires investigation.
Co‐utilization of acidified glycerol pretreated‐sugarcane bagasse for microbial oil production by a novel Rhodosporidium strain
Authors: Hassanpour Morteza , Cai Guiqin , Gebbie Leigh K. , Speight Robert E. , Junior Te'o Valentino S. , O'Hara Ian M. , Zhang Zhanying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAcidified glycerol pretreatment is very effective to deconstruct lignocellulosics for producing glucose. Co‐utilization of pretreated biomass and residual glycerol to bioproducts could reduce the costs associated with biomass wash and solvent recovery. In this study, a novel strain Rhodosporidium toruloides RP 15, isolated from sugarcane bagasse, was selected and tested for coconversion of pretreated biomass and residual glycerol to microbial oils. In the screening trails, Rh. toruloides RP 15 demonstrated the highest oil production capacity on glucose, xylose, and glycerol among the 10 strains. At the optimal C:N molar ratio of 140:1, this strain accumulated 56.7, 38.3, and 54.7% microbial oils based on dry cell biomass with 30 g/L glucose, xylose, and glycerol, respectively. Furthermore, sugarcane bagasse medium containing 32.6 g/L glucose from glycerol‐pretreated bagasse and 23.4 g/L glycerol from pretreatment hydrolysate were used to produce microbial oils by Rh. toruloides RP 15. Under the preliminary conditions without pH control, this strain produced 7.7 g/L oil with an oil content of 59.8%, which was comparable or better than those achieved with a synthetic medium. In addition, this strain also produced 3.5 mg/L carotenoid as a by‐product. It is expected that microbial oil production can be significantly improved through process optimization.