bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of total water vapour content in the Arctic derived from GNSS, AIRS, MODIS and SCIAMACHY
Authors: Alraddawi Dunya , Sarkissian Alain , Keckhut Philippe , Bock Olivier , Noël Stefan , Bekki Slimane , Irbah Abdenour , Meftah Mustapha , Claud Chantal 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric water vapour plays a key role in the Arctic radiation budget,
hydrological cycle and hence climate, but its measurement with high accuracy
remains an important challenge. Total column water vapour (TCWV) datasets
derived from ground-based GNSS measurements are used to assess the quality of
different existing satellite TCWV datasets, namely from the Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Atmospheric Infrared
Sounder (AIRS) and the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for
Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). The comparisons between GNSS and
satellite data are carried out for three reference Arctic observation sites
(Sodankylä, Ny-Ålesund and Thule) where long homogeneous GNSS time series of
more than a decade (2001–2014) are available. We select hourly GNSS data that
are coincident with overpasses of the different satellites over the three sites
and then average them into monthly means that are compared with monthly mean
satellite products for different seasons. The agreement between GNSS and
satellite time series is generally within 5 % at all sites for most
conditions. The weakest correlations are found during summer. Among all the
satellite data, AIRS shows the best agreement with GNSS time series, though
AIRS TCWV is often slightly too high in drier atmospheres (i.e. high-latitude
stations during autumn and winter). SCIAMACHY TCWV data are generally drier
than GNSS measurements at all the stations during the summer. This study
suggests that these biases are associated with cloud cover, especially at
Ny-Ålesund and Thule. The dry biases of MODIS and SCIAMACHY observations are
most pronounced at Sodankylä during the snow season (from October to March).
Regarding SCIAMACHY, this bias is possibly linked to the fact that the
SCIAMACHY TCWV retrieval does not take accurately into account the variations
in surface albedo, notably in the presence of snow with a nearby canopy as in
Sodankylä. The MODIS bias at Sodankylä is found to be correlated with cloud
cover fraction and is also expected to be affected by other atmospheric or
surface albedo changes linked for instance to the presence of forests or
anthropogenic emissions. Overall, the results point out that a better
estimation of seasonally dependent surface albedo and a better consideration
of vertically resolved cloud cover are recommended if biases in satellite
measurements are to be reduced in the polar regions.
The role of diatom resting spores in pelagic–benthic coupling in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Rembauville Mathieu , Blain Stéphane , Manno Clara , Tarling Geraint , Thompson Anu , Wolff George , Salter Ian 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Natural iron fertilization downstream of Southern Ocean island plateaus
supports large phytoplankton blooms and promotes carbon export from the mixed
layer. In addition to sequestering atmospheric CO2, the biological
carbon pump also supplies organic matter (OM) to deep-ocean ecosystems.
Although the total flux of OM arriving at the seafloor sets the energy input
to the system, the chemical nature of OM is also of significance. However, a
quantitative framework linking ecological flux vectors to OM composition is
currently lacking. In the present study we report the lipid composition of
export fluxes collected by five moored sediment traps deployed in contrasting
productivity regimes of Southern Ocean island systems (Kerguelen, Crozet and
South Georgia) and compile them with quantitative data on diatom and faecal
pellet fluxes. At the three naturally iron-fertilized sites, the relative
contribution of labile lipids (mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids,
unsaturated fatty alcohols) is 2–4 times higher than at low productivity
sites. There is a strong attenuation of labile components as a function of
depth, irrespective of productivity. The three island systems also display
regional characteristics in lipid export. An enrichment of zooplankton
dietary sterols, such as C27Δ5, at South Georgia is consistent
with high zooplankton and krill biomass in the region and the importance of
faecal pellets to particulate
organic carbon (POC) flux. There is a strong association of diatom resting
spore fluxes that dominate productive flux regimes with energy-rich
unsaturated fatty acids. At the Kerguelen Plateau we provide a statistical
framework to link seasonal variation in ecological flux vectors and lipid
composition over a complete annual cycle. Our analyses demonstrate that
ecological processes in the upper ocean, e.g. resting spore formation and
grazing, not only impact the magnitude and stoichiometry of the Southern
Ocean biological pump, but also regulate the composition of exported OM and
the nature of pelagic–benthic coupling.
Finding Shaw: A Hard Look at American Theater Trends, Dwindling Technique, and the Next Generation of Actors
Authors: Felder Susan 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Is Shaw's legacy in trouble? As theaters seek to produce smaller plays, and American actor training seems more geared toward the intimacy of film and TV, how do we continue to pitch the plays of Shaw in regional theaters across the country? Susan Felder, educator, director, and professional actor, sits down with two directors known for their productions of Shaw in the Midwest. The three discuss the difficulties and joys of producing Shaw plays in America, changing audience perceptions, and the challenges of training a generation of new actors with the tools necessary to tackle Shaw's plays. The obstacles are numerous. But in the end, what we gain by fighting to produce the plays of Shaw may be even more timely than anyone expected.
Directing Shaw Plays for Community Theater Audiences
Authors: McInerney John M. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
This article discusses the problems and the possibilities involved in directing a Shaw play for community theater audiences and illustrates both from the author's experiences when he directed Arms and the Man for a community theater company in Scranton, Pennsylvania. Those experiences reveal that some problems emerge from the difference between the typical expectations of community theater audiences for light entertainment and the challenging language and intellectual content of Shaw's plays. Other experiences suggest that often typical “working conditions” in community theater productions can present particular problems for the director attempting to stage a Shaw play. However, the author realized anew that Shaw built some advantages and some guidance for potential directors into his texts. These include the virtues of his prose and, frequently, the conjunction between the thrust of his ideas and the effectiveness of his dramatic strategy.
Works of Grace and Providence: The Structure of John Wesley's Theology
Authors: Snyder Howard A. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
John Wesley often referred to God's providence in his Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament and Concise History of England. Examining these two sources primarily, this article shows the importance of providence in Wesley's theology. It concludes that Wesley closely interrelated providence and grace, that he recognized the complexity of causes in events, and that he sought to balance divine sovereignty and human freedom. Wesley grounded providence primarily in God's wisdom rather than in divine ‘decrees’. Thus providence occupied the place in Wesley's theology that predestination did in Calvinism. Providence laced with grace is the larger structure of Wesley's theology.
Efecto bactericida del clavo de olor, canela y benzoato de sodio en la conservación del mango haden y melón
Authors: Torres Mejía Juan Alexander , Romero Elyn Antonieta , Medina Barahona Maribel 
Published: May 2018

Se realizó estudio experimental para determinar la inhibición y/o destrucción de los microorganismos patógenos en los siguientes muestras: controles, M-EC, M-S, Me-EC, Me-S, Tratamientos M-EC-CL, M-S-CL, Me-EC-CL, Me-S-CL, M-EC-C, M-S-C, Me-EC-C, Me-S-C, M-EC-B, M-S-B, Me-EC-B y Me-S-B. Dónde: M = mango, Me = melón, EC = Escherichia coli, S = Salmonella spp, CL = clavo de olor, C = canela, B = benzoato de sodio. Calificando cada tratamiento de acuerdo al poder bactericida, como: no efectivo, efecto mínimo, letal y fulminante, en los días 0 (t0), 7 (t7) y 15 (t15); se evaluó el efecto bactericida de extractos acuosos de canela, clavo de olor en concentraciones de 2.5% y benzoato de sodio en concentraciones permitidas según la FDA 0.1%; utilizando el método de cuantificación o conteo de unidades formadoras de colonia (UFC), sobre dos cepas bacterianas, Escherichia coli y Salmonella enteritidis, que se inocularon en muestras de frutas tropicales, mango haden (Mangifera indica) y melón cantaloupe (Cucumis melo). El efecto bactericida de clavo de olor fue diferente en las dos frutas tratadas; en el mango inoculado con E. coli se observó un mínimo efecto y en el inoculado con Salmonella spp, no hubo efecto bactericida. En el melón inoculado con ambas bacterias, se observó el efecto bactericida del clavo de olor. El efecto de la canela fue mínimo en ambas frutas inoculadas con E. coli. En el mango inoculado con Salmonella spp, no hubo efecto bactericida. En el melón si tuvo un efecto letal. El uso del benzoato de sodio ejerció un efecto bactericida, tanto en el melón como el mango, inoculadas con ambas bacterias. En el análisis se observó que en el mango inoculado con E. coli el efecto fue fulminante, (muerte en el día 0). Se determinó materia seca, balance de materia y análisis sensoriales, para tener una mejor conclusión de la investigación.
Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesindeki Üçüncü Basamak Gastroenteroloji Kliniğinin Toksik Hepatit Deneyimi
Authors: UÇMAK Feyzullah , TUNCEL Elif Tuba , KAÇMAZ Hüseyin , EBİK Berat , KAYA Muhsin 
Published: May 2018

Amaç: Toksik hepatit birçok ilaç ve bitkisel ürünün
alınmasıyla ortaya çıkan klinik tablodur. Çok sayıda ilaç değişik
mekanizmalarla toksik hepatite neden olmaktadır. Hastalığın görülme sıklığı ve
sebepleri bölgesel farklılıklar gösterebilmektedir. Çalışmadaki amacımız
kliniğimize başvuran toksik hepatitli olguların demografik, klinik ve laboratuar
özelliklerini sunmaktır.

Yöntemler: Ağustos 2014-Haziran 2016 tarihleri arasında
kliniğimize anormal karaciğer fonksiyon testleri nedeniyle yatırılan, klinik ve
laboratuar değerlendirme sonrası TH tanısı konulan hastalar alındı. Hastaların
demografik özellikleri, toksik hepatitin muhtemel etiyolojisi, klinik
özellikleri, biyokimya ve tam kan değerleri, klinik seyirleri kaydedildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 41.4±16.8 olan 56 (34
kadın) hasta alındı. Hastaların 31 (%55.6)’inde ilaçlar, 11 (%20.4)’inde
bitkisel maddeler, 6 (%9,3)’ında narkotik madde ve 8 (%14,8)’inde bitkisel
madde, ilaç ve narkotik kullanımına bağlı toksik hepatit geliştiği saptandı. İlaçlar içinde en çok
antibiyotik (birinci sırada amoksisilin+ klavulanik asit) ve non-steroid anti
inflamatuvar ilaç (birinci sırada diklofenak sodyum) kullanımı hikayesi
saptandı. Bitkisel madde kullanımı olan hastalarda en sık meryem otu, lavanta
çayı ve atom çayı kullanım hikayesi mevcuttu. Narkotik madde olarak en sık
ekstazi (5 hasta) kullanımı saptandı. Otuz yaş altı (RR:1.545, p&lt;0.001) ve
erkek cinsiyet (RR:11.0, p=0.013) narkotik madde kullanımı için risk faktörü
olarak saptandı.

Sonuç: Bölgemizde ilaç ve bitkisel madde kullanımına bağlı
gelişen TH anormal karaciğer fonksiyon testlerinin önemli bir sebebi olarak
dikkate alınmalıdır. Özellikle genç erkeklerde narkotik kullanımı toksik
hepatit etiyolojisinde önemli yer tutmaktadır.
Au tribunal de la recherche : portrait d’un demi-siècle de recherche sur les tribunaux
Authors: Kaminski1 Dan , de Saussure Sophie 
Published: May 2018

De quelle manière l’activité des tribunaux a-t-elle été abordée par les chercheurs dans les travaux parus dans Criminologie depuis sa création ? Cet article dresse le portrait de cinquante ans de recherche sur les tribunaux, en s’appuyant sur 63 contributions sélectionnées dans le catalogue de la revue. En premier lieu, le statut critique des publications recensées sera mis en évidence (1). Dans un deuxième temps, le schéma classique et binaire de l’activité des tribunaux – juger et punir – sera présenté et illustré (2). Enfin, les auteurs présenteront une synthèse des thèmes critiques abordés dans les publications retenues. Quatre injustices de la « justice » se retrouvent dans le corpus observé : l’exclusion des victimes durant le processus pénal ; les inégalités entre contrevenants ; les inégalités tributaires des biais sociaux des incriminations ; les fragilités du recours aux mesures dites alternatives (3).
El uso del gerundio en el español de Tejas
Authors: Romero Carlos 
Published: May 2018

Este estudio sociolingüístico analiza, a través de la descripción oral de un dibujo, una entrevista grabada y dos cuestionarios lingüísticos, la manera en que 40 hablantes bilingües de Tejas de tres grupos generacionales usan el gerundio español en la oralidad y en la escritura. También se investigaron las formas que alternan con los gerundios que los informantes emplean. Se analizó además si en el uso de estar + -ndo existe una transferencia del gerundio inglés en el discurso oral y escrito y si los gerundios se relacionan con el sexo y el grupo generacional de los participantes. Finalmente, se evaluó la seguridad lingüística de los hablantes cuando estos diferencian entre gerundios “esperados” y gerundios “no esperados”. Los resultados revelaron que utilizan más el gerundio estar +-ndo y con menor frecuencia la forma andar + -ndo y los gerundios independientes. Además, se halló que en contextos variables los gerundios alternan con el presente, el imperfecto y el presente perfecto pero en contextos categóricos no ocurren esas alternancias. Así mismo, se halló una transferencia del gerundio inglés en el uso estar + -ndo en el habla controlada y el habla no controlada particularmente en la tercera generación de hablantes. Por otro lado, no se identificó ninguna asociación entre el sexo de los participantes, la generación y los gerundios. Finalmente, se encontró que los hablantes tienen seguridad lingüística cuando usan el gerundio en forma escrita pero muestran inseguridad lingüística al seleccionar entre usos “esperados” y usos “no esperados” del gerundio.
Room Temperature Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy Induced By Fe‐Islands in the InSe Semiconductor Van Der Waals Crystal
Authors: Moro Fabrizio , Bhuiyan Mahabub A. , Kudrynskyi Zakhar R. , Puttock Robert , Kazakova Olga , Makarovsky Oleg , Fay Michael W. , Parmenter Christopher , Kovalyuk Zakhar D. , Fielding Alistar J. , Kern Michal , van Slageren Joris , Patanè Amalia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe controlled manipulation of the spin and charge of electrons in a semiconductor has the potential to create new routes to digital electronics beyond Moore's law, spintronics, and quantum detection and imaging for sensing applications. These technologies require a shift from traditional semiconducting and magnetic nanostructured materials. Here, a new material system is reported, which comprises the InSe semiconductor van der Waals crystal that embeds ferromagnetic Fe‐islands. In contrast to many traditional semiconductors, the electronic properties of InSe are largely preserved after the incorporation of Fe. Also, this system exhibits ferromagnetic resonances and a large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy at room temperature, offering opportunities for the development of functional devices that integrate magnetic and semiconducting properties within the same material system.
rBPI21 (opebacan) promotes rapid trilineage hematopoietic recovery in a murine model of high‐dose total body irradiation
Authors: Janec Kenneth J. , Yuan Huaiping , Norton Jr James E. , Kelner Rowan H. , Hirt Christian K. , Betensky Rebecca A. , Guinan Eva C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe complexity of providing adequate care after radiation exposure has drawn increasing attention. While most therapeutic development has focused on improving survival at lethal radiation doses, acute hematopoietic syndrome (AHS) occurs at substantially lower exposures. Thus, it is likely that a large proportion of such a radiation‐exposed population will manifest AHS of variable degree and that the medical and socioeconomic costs of AHS will accrue. Here, we examined the potential of rBPI21 (opebacan), used without supportive care, to accelerate hematopoietic recovery after radiation where expected survival was substantial (42%‐75%) at 30 days. rBPI21 administration was associated with accelerated recovery of hematopoietic precursors and normal marrow cellularity, with increases in megakaryocyte numbers particularly marked. This translated into attaining normal trilineage peripheral blood counts 2‐3 weeks earlier than controls. Elevations of hematopoietic growth factors observed in plasma and the marrow microenvironment suggest the mechanism is likely multifactorial and not confined to known endotoxin‐neutralizing and cytokine downmodulating activities of rBPI21. These observations deserve further exploration in radiation models and other settings where inadequate hematopoiesis is a prominent feature. These experiments also model the potential of therapeutics to limit the allocation of scarce resources after catastrophic exposures as an endpoint independent of lethality mitigation.
Epstein‐Barr virus antibody titer as a stress biomarker and its association with social capital in rural Fujian communities, China
Authors: Yazawa Aki , Inoue Yosuke , Cai Guoxi , Tu Raoping , Huang Meng , He Fei , Chen Jie , Yamamoto Taro , Watanabe Chiho 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesThere has been little research on the association between social capital and psychological stress measured by a biomarker, particularly in developing countries. Our objective was to investigate the association between Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) antibody titer, an indicator of cellular immune function previously shown to be associated with psychological stress, and social capital among rural community dwellers in Fujian Province, China.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey in seven rural communities in Fujian in 2015. We used questionnaire data and dried blood spot samples for the measurement of biomarkers collected from 734 local residents for the analysis. We conducted a mixed effects regression analysis to investigate the association between EBV antibody titer and four social capital variables, which included cognitive and structural social capital assessed both at individual and community levels.ResultsCommunity‐level structural social capital was inversely associated with psychological stress (coefficient = −0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.91, −0.01) while individual‐level structural social capital was positively associated with it (coefficient = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.36). Neither individual‐ nor community‐level cognitive social capital was associated with psychological stress status.ConclusionsIn rural Fujian, China, social capital seemed to be an important determinant of psychological health. While living in a community with active social interaction may benefit the residents psychologically, social interaction in the form of strongly bonded relationships may be a source of psychological stress at the individual level due to the potential demands and obligations that may be associated with such connections.
Preliminary evidence that androgen signaling is correlated with men's everyday language
Authors: Mascaro Jennifer S. , Rentscher Kelly E. , Hackett Patrick D. , Lori Adriana , Darcher Alana , Rilling James K. , Mehl Matthias R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesTestosterone (T) has an integral, albeit complex, relationship with social behavior, especially in the domains of aggression and competition. However, examining this relationship in humans is challenging given the often covert and subtle nature of human aggression and status‐seeking. The present study aimed to investigate whether T levels and genetic polymorphisms in the AR gene are associated with social behavior assessed via natural language use.MethodsWe used unobtrusive, behavioral, real‐world ambulatory assessments of men in partnered heterosexual relationships to examine the relationship between plasma T levels, variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, and spontaneous, everyday language in three interpersonal contexts: with romantic partners, with co‐workers, and with their children.ResultsMen's T levels were positively correlated with their use of achievement words with their children, and the number of AR CAG trinucleotide repeats was inversely correlated with their use of anger and reward words with their children. T levels were positively correlated with sexual language and with use of swear words in the presence of their partner, but not in the presence of co‐workers or children.ConclusionsTogether, these results suggest that T may influence social behavior by increasing the frequency of words related to aggression, sexuality, and status, and that it may alter the quality of interactions with an intimate partner by amplifying emotions via swearing.
Evolution of Isoindigo‐Based Electron‐Deficient Units for Organic Electronics: From Natural Dyes to Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Li Jiu‐Long , Cao Jing‐Jing , Duan Lin‐Lin , Zhang Hao‐Li 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIsoindigo, a classical electron‐deficient unit for organic optoelectronic materials, has been widely used in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). However, several intrinsic drawbacks, such as its non‐coplanarity and weak absorption in the visible‐light region, have hindered its further development. Recently, many optimized isoindigo derivatives have been successfully applied to OFETs and OPVs. This Focus Review discusses recent progress in the structural optimization of isoindigo‐based organic optoelectronic materials and provides meaningful guidelines for the design of high‐performance isoindigo derivatives for organic electronics.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Direct Alkenylation of Benzothiophenes and Related Heterocycles with Alkynes
Authors: Morita Tomohiro , Morisaka Hideaki , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐catalyzed direct alkenylation of benzo[b]thiophenes, thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene, and benzo[b]furans with diarylacetylenes proceeds effectively through regioselective C−H bond cleavage at the C2 position and syn‐selective carborhodation on the triple bond.