bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between smoking and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from a prospective, multicentre, observational study in China
Authors: Song Chenxi , Fu Rui , Dou Kefei , Yang Jingang , Xu Haiyan , Gao Xiaojin , Wang Hao , Liu Shuai , Fan Xiaoxue , Yang Yuejin 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionSmoking is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of smoking on in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who are managed by contemporary treatment is still unclear.MethodsA cohort study was conducted using data from the China AMI registry between 2013 and 2016. Eligible patients were diagnosed with AMI in accordance with the third universal definition of MI. Propensity score (PS) matching and multivariable logistic regression were used to control for confounders. Subgroup analysis was performed to examine whether the association between smoking and in-hospital mortality varies according to baseline characteristics.ResultsA total of 37 614 patients were included. Smokers were younger and more frequently men with fewer comorbidities than non-smokers. After PS matching and multivariable log regression analysis were performed, the difference in in-hospital mortality between current smokers versus non-smokers was reduced, but it was still significant (5.1% vs 6.1%, p=0.0045; adjusted OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.88, p<0.001). Among all subgroups, there was a trend towards lower in-hospital mortality in current or ex-smokers compared with non-smokers.ConclusionsSmoking is associated with lower in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI, even after multiple analyses to control for potential confounders. This ‘smoker’s paradox’ cannot be fully explained by confounding alone.Trial registration numberNCT01874691.
The association of exercise and sedentary behaviours with incident end-stage renal disease: the Southern Community Cohort Study
Authors: Pike Mindy , Taylor Jacob , Kabagambe Edmond , Stewart Thomas G , Robinson-Cohen Cassianne , Morse Jennifer , Akwo Elvis , Abdel-Kader Khaled , Siew Edward D , Blot William J , Ikizler T Alp , Lipworth Loren 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo examine whether lifestyle factors, including sedentary time and physical activity, could independently contribute to risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Study designCase-cohort study.SettingSouth-eastern USA.ParticipantsThe Southern Community Cohort Study recruited ~86 000 black and white participants from 2002 to 2009. We assembled a case cohort of 692 incident ESRD cases and a probability sample of 4113 participants.PredictorsSedentary time was calculated as hours/day from daily sitting activities. Physical activity was calculated as metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours/day from engagement in light, moderate and vigorous activities.OutcomesIncident ESRD.ResultsAt baseline, among the subcohort, mean (SD) age was 52 (8.6) years, and median (25th, 75th centile) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 102.8 (85.9–117.9) mL/min/1.73 m2. Medians (25th–75th centile) for sedentary time and physical activity were 8.0 (5.5–12.0) hours/day and 17.2 (8.7–31.9) MET-hours/day, respectively. Median follow-up was 9.4 years. We observed significant interactions between eGFR and both physical activity and sedentary behaviour (p<0.001). The partial effect plot of the association between physical activity and log relative hazard of ESRD suggests that ESRD risk decreases as physical activity increases when eGFR is 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The inverse association is most pronounced at physical activity levels >27 MET-hours/day. High levels of sitting time were associated with increased ESRD risk only among those with reduced kidney function (eGFR ≤30 mL/min/1.73 m2); this association was attenuated after excluding the first 2 years of follow-up.ConclusionsIn a population with a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes, physical activity appears to be associated with reduced risk of ESRD among those with preserved kidney function. A positive association between sitting time and ESRD observed among those with advanced kidney disease is likely due to reverse causation.
Transfer of a healthy microbiota reduces amyloid and tau pathology in an Alzheimer’s disease animal model
Authors: Kim Min-Soo , Kim Yoonhee , Choi Hyunjung , Kim Woojin , Park Sumyung , Lee Dongjoon , Kim Dong Kyu , Kim Haeng Jun , Choi Hayoung , Hyun Dong-Wook , Lee June-Young , Choi Eun Young , Lee Dong-Sup , Bae Jin-Woo , Mook-Jung Inhee 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveCerebral amyloidosis and severe tauopathy in the brain are key pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite a strong influence of the intestinal microbiota on AD, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and AD pathophysiology is still elusive.DesignUsing a recently developed AD-like pathology with amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles (ADLPAPT) transgenic mouse model of AD, which shows amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and reactive gliosis in their brains along with memory deficits, we examined the impact of the gut microbiota on AD pathogenesis.ResultsComposition of the gut microbiota in ADLPAPTmice differed from that of healthy wild-type (WT) mice. Besides, ADLPAPTmice showed a loss of epithelial barrier integrity and chronic intestinal and systemic inflammation. Both frequent transfer and transplantation of the faecal microbiota from WT mice into ADLPAPTmice ameliorated the formation of amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, glial reactivity and cognitive impairment. Additionally, the faecal microbiota transfer reversed abnormalities in the colonic expression of genes related to intestinal macrophage activity and the circulating blood inflammatory monocytes in the ADLPAPTrecipient mice.ConclusionThese results indicate that microbiota-mediated intestinal and systemic immune aberrations contribute to the pathogenesis of AD in ADLPAPTmice, providing new insights into the relationship between the gut (colonic gene expression, gut permeability), blood (blood immune cell population) and brain (pathology) axis and AD (memory deficits). Thus, restoring gut microbial homeostasis may have beneficial effects on AD treatment.
Trends in the drowning mortality rate in Iran
Authors: Derakhshan Pegah , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Saadat Soheil , Ghanbari Ali , Rezaei Nazila , Khosravi Sepehr , Mehdipour Parinaz , Amirmohammadi Mina , Jahani Shima , Sharif-Alhoseini Mahdi , Jazayeri Seyed Behzad , Chegini Maryam , Ghodsi Zahra , Sadeghian Farideh , Naghdi Khatereh , Salamati Peyman , H Mokdad Ali , O’Reilly Gerard , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe WHO estimates the global incidence of death by drowning to be about 300 000 cases per year. The objective of this study was to estimate the trend in mortality due to drowning in all provinces of Iran in all age groups and both genders from 1990 to 2015.Study designThe National and Subnational Burden of Diseases (NASBOD) project is a comprehensive project in Iran. It is based on the Global Burden of Disease study and includes novel methods to estimate the burden of diseases in Iran.MethodsThis study used the results of the mortality rate due to drowning as part of NASBOD and investigated the causes behind the mortality rates. The data set recorded mortality rates by 19 age groups and two genders with the corresponding subnational pattern during the time period from 1990 to 2015.ResultsThe drowning mortality rate decreased in Iran from 1990 to 2015. From 1990 to 2015, the annual percentage change for males and females was −5.28% and −10.73%, respectively. There were 56 184 male and 21 589 female fatalities during the study period. The highest number of deaths was seen in 1993 with 4459, and the lowest number of fatalities was observed in 2015 with 903 deaths.ConclusionOur data showed a decline in drowning mortality in Iran from 1990 to 2015, but the rates and declines varied by province. Our findings are of great importance to health officials and authorities in order to further reduce the burden of drowning.
Retraction of cutaneous specimens: tumours and margins after surgical excision
Authors: Sevray Marine , Brenaut Emilie , Grangier Yann , Misery Laurent , Poizeau Florence , Staroz Frédéric 
Published: August 2019

AimsIn previous studies, skin retraction of dermato-pathological specimens after the surgical excision of tumours was calculated at 30% for the surface, with approximately 20% for the length and 15% for the width. The aim of this study was to analyse the retraction of the specimens and the retraction of the lesion and the margins.MethodsPatients who underwent excision of a skin tumour between January 2013 and July 2014 were randomly included.ResultsA total of 104 patients was included. There were 52% male with a mean age of 68.3 years. Seventy-eight per cent of the lesions were malignant (51% were basal cell carcinoma, 10% squamous cell carcinoma). The retraction of the area of the specimen (29%) was significantly greater than the retraction of the tumour (21%). On multivariate analysis, the localisation and the duration of fixation were independent predictors of the specimen area retraction. The retraction of the specimen was 17% in length and 15% in width. The retraction of the margins was calculated at 19% in length and 12% in width. The surgeon correctly evaluated the localisation of the smallest margin in 55% of cases.ConclusionsOur study provided additional data regarding the retraction of the tumours and margins. The guidelines for surgical excision of skin cancers recommend a clinical margin before excision, but the evaluation of the sufficiency of the margins is based on histological measurement. Our data are useful for the interpretation of the sufficiency of the margins.
Somatic deletion ofKDM1A/LSD1gene is associated to advanced colorectal cancer stages
Authors: Ramírez-Ramírez Ruth , Gutiérrez-Angulo Melva , Peregrina-Sandoval Jorge , Moreno-Ortiz José Miguel , Franco-Topete Ramon Antonio , Cerda-Camacho Felipe de Jesús , Ayala-Madrigal Maria de la Luz 
Published: August 2019

AimsKDM1A/LSD1 and ZNF217 are involved in a protein complex that participates in transcriptional regulation.ZNF217has been analysed in numerous cancers and its amplification has been associated with advanced stages of disease; however, a similar role forKDM1A/LSD1has not been uncovered. In this study, we estimated the number ofKDM1A/LSD1andZNF217gene copies in tissue samples from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as its association with clinicopathological features in patients with CRC.MethodsParaffin-embedded tumour samples from 50 patients with CRC with a histopathological diagnosis of CRC were included. The number of copies ofKDM1A/LSD1andZNF217genes was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). We also analysed the association between copy numbers of selected genes and clinicopathological data based on multivariate analysis.ResultsDeletion of theKDM1A/LSD1gene occurred in 19 samples (38%), whereasZNF217gene amplification was identified in 11 samples (22%). We found a significant association between lymph node metastasis or advanced tumour stage andKDM1A/LSD1gene deletion (p value=0.0003 and p value=0.011, respectively).ConclusionsKDM1A/LSD1gene deletion could be considered a novel prognostic biomarker of late-stage CRC.
Central blindness following general anaesthesia due to suspected catheter‐related venous air embolism in a gelding
Authors: Makra Zita , Bodó Gábor , Veres‐Nyéki Kata Orsolya 
Published: August 2019

This case report describes a transient post‐anaesthetic bilateral central blindness caused by suspected air embolism associated with intravenous catheter cap disconnection and its medical management in a horse. The cap of the catheter becomes dislodged during head and tail rope assisted recovery. The first clinical signs were sweating, shivering and dyspnoea, which was followed by the collapse of the horse on the ropes and generalised seizures. Supportive treatment was administered in the form of nasal oxygen supply, sedation, flunixin meglumine, dexamethasone, mannitol, followed by per os vitamin supplementation for 5 days. The horse regained vision fully in 2 weeks and returned to its original level of exercise in 4 months.
Investigation of the mechanisms of cyclooxygenase-mediated mechanoreflex sensitization in a rat model of simulated peripheral artery disease
Authors: Butenas Alec L. E. , Hopkins Tyler D. , Rollins Korynne S. , Felice Kennedy P. , Copp Steven W. 
Published: August 2019

Mechanical and metabolic stimuli within contracting skeletal muscles reflexly increase sympathetic nervous system activity and blood pressure. That reflex, termed the exercise pressor reflex, is exaggerated in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and in a rat PAD model with a chronically ligated femoral artery. The cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway contributes to the exaggerated pressor response during rhythmic skeletal muscle contractions in patients with PAD, but the specific mechanism(s) of the COX-mediated exaggeration are not known. In decerebrate, unanesthetized rats with a chronically ligated femoral artery (“ligated” rats), we hypothesized that hindlimb arterial injection of the COX inhibitor indomethacin would reduce the pressor response during 1-Hz dynamic hindlimb skeletal muscle stretch; a model of the activation of the mechanical component of the exercise pressor reflex (i.e., the mechanoreflex). In ligated rats ( n = 7), indomethacin reduced the pressor response during stretch (control: 30 ± 4; indomethacin: 12 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.01), whereas there was no effect in rats with “freely perfused” femoral arteries ( n = 6, control: 18 ± 5; indomethacin: 17 ± 5 mmHg; P = 0.87). In ligated rats ( n = 4), systemic indomethacin injection had no effect on the pressor response during stretch. Femoral artery ligation had no effect on skeletal muscle COX protein expression or activity or concentration of the COX metabolite prostaglandin E2. Conversely, femoral artery ligation increased expression of the COX metabolite receptors endoperoxide 4 and thromboxane A2-R in dorsal root ganglia tissue. We conclude that, in ligated rats, the COX pathway sensitizes the peripheral endings of mechanoreflex afferents, which occurs principally as a result of increased expression of COX metabolite receptors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that the mechanoreflex is sensitized by the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway within hindlimb skeletal muscles in the rat chronic femoral artery ligation model of simulated peripheral artery disease (PAD). The mechanism of sensitization appears attributable to increased receptors for COX metabolites on sensory neurons and not increased concentration of COX metabolites. Our data may carry important clinical implications for patients with PAD who demonstrate exaggerated increases in blood pressure during exercise compared with healthy counterparts.
A Novel HER3-Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugate, U3-1402, Exhibits Potent Therapeutic Efficacy through the Delivery of Cytotoxic Payload by Efficient Internalization
Authors: Hashimoto Yuuri , Koyama Kumiko , Kamai Yasuki , Hirotani Kenji , Ogitani Yusuke , Zembutsu Akiko , Abe Manabu , Kaneda Yuki , Maeda Naoyuki , Shiose Yoshinobu , Iguchi Takuma , Ishizaka Tomomichi , Karibe Tsuyoshi , Hayakawa Ichiro , Morita Koji , Nakada Takashi , Nomura Taisei , Wakita Kenichi , Kagari Takashi , Abe Yuki , Murakami Masato , Ueno Suguru , Agatsuma Toshinori 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
HER3 is a compelling target for cancer treatment; however, no HER3-targeted therapy is currently clinically available. Here, we produced U3-1402, an anti-HER3 antibody–drug conjugate with a topoisomerase I inhibitor exatecan derivative (DXd), and systematically investigated its targeted drug delivery potential and antitumor activity in preclinical models.

Experimental Design:
In vitro pharmacologic activities and the mechanisms of action of U3-1402 were assessed in several human cancer cell lines. Antitumor activity of U3-1402 was evaluated in xenograft mouse models, including patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Safety assessments were also conducted in rats and monkeys.

Results:
U3-1402 showed HER3-specific binding followed by highly efficient cancer cell internalization. Subsequently, U3-1402 was translocated to the lysosome and released its payload DXd. While U3-1402 was able to inhibit HER3-activated signaling similar to its naked antibody patritumab, the cytotoxic activity of U3-1402 in HER3-expressing cells was predominantly mediated by released DXd through DNA damage and apoptosis induction. In xenograft mouse models, U3-1402 exhibited dose-dependent and HER3-dependent antitumor activity. Furthermore, U3-1402 exerted potent antitumor activity against PDX tumors with HER3 expression. Acceptable toxicity was noted in both rats and monkeys.

Conclusions:
U3-1402 demonstrated promising antitumor activity against HER3-expressing tumors with tolerable safety profiles. The activity of U3-1402 was driven by HER3-mediated payload delivery via high internalization into tumor cells.
Probing the Fog Life Cycles in the Namib Desert
Authors: Spirig Robert , Vogt Roland , Larsen Jarl Are , Feigenwinter Christian , Wicki Andreas , Franceschi Joel , Parlow Eberhard , Adler Bianca , Kalthoff Norbert , Cermak Jan , Andersen Hendrik , Fuchs Julia , Bott Andreas , Hacker Maike , Wagner Niklas , Maggs-Kölling Gillian , Wassenaar Theo , Seely Mary 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn intensive observation period was conducted in September 2017 in the central Namib, Namibia, as part of the project Namib Fog Life Cycle Analysis (NaFoLiCA). The purpose of the field campaign was to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the coastal fog that occurs regularly during nighttime and morning hours. The fog is often linked to advection of a marine stratus that intercepts with the terrain up to 100 km inland. Meteorological data, including cloud base height, fog deposition, liquid water path, and vertical profiles of wind speed/direction and temperature, were measured continuously during the campaign. Additionally, profiles of temperature and relative humidity were sampled during five selected nights with stratus/fog at both coastal and inland sites using tethered balloon soundings, drone profiling, and radiosondes. This paper presents an overview of the scientific goals of the field campaign; describes the experimental setup, the measurements carried out, and the meteorological conditions during the intensive observation period; and presents first results with a focus on a single fog event.
On the Diurnal Cycle of GPS-Derived Precipitable Water Vapor over Sumatra
Authors: Torri Giuseppe , Adams David K. , Wang Huiqun , Kuang Zhiming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConvective processes in the atmosphere over the Maritime Continent and their diurnal cycles have important repercussions for the circulations in the tropics and beyond. In this work, we present a new dataset of precipitable water vapor (PWV) obtained from the Sumatran GPS Array (SuGAr), a dense network of GPS stations principally for examining seismic and tectonic activity along the western coast of Sumatra and several offshore islands. The data provide an opportunity to examine the characteristics of convection over the area in greater detail than before. In particular, our results show that the diurnal cycle of PWV on Sumatra has a single late afternoon peak, while that offshore has both a midday and a nocturnal peak. The SuGAr data are in good agreement with GPS radio occultation data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission, as well as with imaging spectrometer data from the Ozone Measuring Instrument (OMI). A comparison between SuGAr and the NASA Water Vapor Project (NVAP), however, shows significant differences, most likely due to discrepancies in the temporal and spatial resolutions. To further understand the diurnal cycle contained in the SuGAr data, we explore the impact of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on the diurnal cycle with the aid of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Results show that the daily mean and the amplitude of the diurnal cycle appear smaller during the suppressed phase relative to the developing/active MJO phase. Furthermore, the evening/nighttime peaks of PWV offshore appear later during the suppressed phase of the MJO compared to the active phase.
Interruptions in Health Care: Assessing Their Connection With Error and Patient Harm
Authors: Sanderson Penelope , McCurdie Tara , Grundgeiger Tobias 
Published: August 2019

Objective: We address the problem of how researchers investigate the actual or potential causal connection between interruptions and medical errors, and whether interventions might reduce the potential for harm. Background: It is widely assumed that interruptions lead to errors and patient harm. However, many reviewers and authors have commented that there is not strong evidence for a causal connection. Method: We introduce a framework of criteria for assessing how strongly evidence implies causality: the so-called Bradford Hill criteria. We then examine four key “metanarratives” of research into interruptions in health care—applied cognitive psychology, epidemiology, quality improvement, and cognitive systems engineering—and assess how each tradition has addressed the causal connection between interruptions and error. Results: Outcomes of applying the Bradford Hill criteria are that the applied cognitive psychology and epidemiology metanarratives address the causal connection relatively directly, whereas the quality improvement metanarrative merely assumes causality, and the cognitive systems engineering metanarrative either implicitly or explicitly questions the feasibility of finding a direct causal connection with harm. Conclusion: The Bradford Hill criteria are useful for evaluating the existing literature on the relationship between interruptions in health care, clinical errors, and the potential for patient harm. In the future, more attention is needed to the issue of why interruptions usually do not lead to harm, and the implications for how we approach patient safety.
Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) in patients with peritoneal metastasized colorectal, appendiceal and small bowel cancer
Authors: Gockel Ines , Jansen-Winkeln Boris , Haase Linda , Niebisch Stefan , Moulla Yusef , Lyros Orestis , Lordick Florian , Schierle Katrin , Wittekind Christian , Thieme René 
Published: August 2019

Background: Patients with intestinal cancer (colorectal, appendiceal, and small bowel) with peritoneal metastases (PM) have a poor prognosis. We assessed whether pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) together with systemic chemotherapy is an effective treatment option for these entities in palliative intent. Methods: Between November 2015 and February 2018, prospective data registry was performed (NCT03100708). Thirteen patients with intestinal cancer (median age 61 years [range 49–77]) underwent 26 PIPAC procedures with a median number of 2 interventions per patient (range 1–6). A chemoaerosol consisting of cisplatin/doxorubicin was administered during standard laparoscopy. Results: The median peritoneal carcinomatosis index according to Sugarbaker before the first PIPAC was 14 (range 2–27), and the median ascites volume was 10 mL (range 0–6300 mL). Six patients who received 2 or more PIPAC procedures had decreased and stable ascites volumes, while only 1 patient displayed increased ascites. The median overall survival was 303 days (range 30–490) after the first PIPAC procedure. Conclusions: PIPAC offers a novel treatment option for patients with PM. Our data show that PIPAC is safe and well-tolerated. Ascites production can be controlled by PIPAC in patients with intestinal cancer. Further studies are required to document the significance of PIPAC within palliative therapy concepts. Trial registration: NCT03100708