bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocontrollable Deformations of Polymer Particles in Elastic Matrix
Authors: Ryabchun Alexander , Bobrovsky Alexey 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOne of the key challenges of material science currently is the design of multifunctional “smart” materials combining features from both molecular and supramolecular levels. Pursuing the strategy of amplification and transduction of light‐induced motion of small molecules (photoswitches) across increasing length scales to macroscopic level, a novel polymer composite based on shape‐reconfigurable microparticles is designed. The composite represents soft elastic matrix filled with photoactive microparticles of liquid crystal (LC) polymer bearing azobenzene moieties. Illumination of the composite film with polarized light results in a dramatic deformation of the microparticles such that the initially spherical shape becomes elongated along the direction of light polarization. This shape‐shifting of particles is fully reversible and can be achieved by annealing or exposure to nonpolarized light. It is shown that photodeformation of particles is accompanied by photo‐orientation of LC molecules and both processes can be controlled independently. The practical relevance of such materials is pointed out by the possibility to control optical properties (birefringence and light scattering) and optomechanical feedback yielding a new class of photoactuators. Overall, the developed material containing microscopic polymer photoactuators demonstrates an effective way of transducing molecular operation towards macroscopic functionality and can be particularly useful for optics and soft‐robotics.
The Impact of Comprehensive Community Initiatives on Population‐Level Child, Youth, and Family Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lin Emily S. , Flanagan Sean K. , Varga Shannon M. , Zaff Jonathan F. , Margolius Max 
Published: September 2019

AbstractComprehensive community initiatives (CCIs) represent a popular method for creating systemic change, yet there is a dearth of evidence on their effectiveness (Zaff, Pufall Jones, Donlan, Lin, & Anderson, 2016). This article presents a systematic review of the evidence on the population‐level impact of CCIs, focusing specifically on documented effects from studies using an experimental or quasi‐experimental design. Of 1,947 articles identified through a database and hand search, 25 articles examining six different CCIs—most of which employed prevention science frameworks—met the review inclusion criteria. The results of this review show that CCIs can strengthen protective factors and reduce risk factors, delay initiation of and reduce substance use, and reduce the likelihood of, and delay engagement in, violent and/or delinquent behaviors. Impacts have been documented as soon as one year after initial intervention, and as early as 7th grade, with effects sustained as long as seven years post‐intervention, and as late as a year post‐high school. However, relative to the prevalence of CCIs as a practical intervention, the evidence base is small, potentially dated, and focused on a narrow set of outcomes and populations. Recommendations for interpreting the evidence base are discussed, including methodological limitations and implications for future work.
Synthesis of SCF3‐Containing Benzoxazines and Oxazolines via a Photoredox‐Catalyzed Radical Trifluoromethylthiolation‐Cyclization of Olefinic Amides
Authors: Zhu Mei , Li Rongxia , You Qingqing , Fu Weijun , Guo Weisi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic trifluoromethylthiolation/cyclization of olefinic amides using N‐trifluoromethylthiosaccharin as the trifluoromethylthiolating reagent is described. This straightforward method is applicable to a wide variety of olefinic amides and useful SCF3‐containing benzoxazines and oxazolines can be prepared in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions.
Self‐Diffusion Coefficients in Solutions of Lithium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide with Dimethyl Carbonate and Ethylene Carbonate
Authors: Neuhaus Johannes , Bellaire Daniel , Kohns Maximilian , von Harbou Erik , Hasse Hans 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOrganic solutions of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) are promising electrolytes for Li‐ion batteries. Information on the diffusion coefficients of the species in these solutions is needed for battery design. Therefore, the self‐diffusion coefficients in such solutions were studied experimentally with the pulsed‐field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The self‐diffusion coefficients of the ions Li+ and FSI− as well as those of the solvents were measured for LiFSI solutions in pure dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate as well as in mixtures of these solvents at 298 K and ambient pressure. Despite the Li+ ion being the smallest species in the solution, its self‐diffusion coefficient is the lowest as a result of its strong coordination with the solvent molecules.
Linking changes in species–trait relationships and ecosystem function using a network analysis of traits
Authors: Siwicka Ewa , Thrush Simon F. , Hewitt Judi E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA major challenge in ecology and environmental management is linking changes in community composition to ecosystem functions. We developed the network analysis of traits (NAT) to show changes in community network structure based on the changes in the composition and connectivity between clusters of species that share traits that imply shifts in functional diversity. We tested the application of NAT on a 113 species found on an intertidal sandflat that was subject to experimental nitrogen addition (control [0 g N/m2], medium [150 g N/m2], and high [600 g N/m2]). This allowed us to directly link mechanistic changes in community composition and function with the trait‐space network patterns revealed by NAT. We demonstrate that under medium (150 g N/m2) N treatment, functional diversity remained consistent, whereas increasing disturbance to high (600 g N/m2) N treatment affected the species–trait network structure and caused merging of functional clusters implying a loss of functional trait diversity.
Development and validation of a haplotype‐free technique for non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Wei Xianda , Lv Weigang , Tan Hu , Liang Desheng , Wu Lingqian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a technique for non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy and validate its performance.Study DesignPregnant women with 1 copy of SMN1 and male fetuses were enrolled. Seventeen women were included in test set A, and 10 of them were selected into test set B randomly and blinded. The two sets were tested independently by two different researchers blinded to fetal genotypes. Fetal DNA fractions were calculated based on the relative proportion of mapped chromosome Y sequencing reads. An algorithm was developed to decide fetal SMN1 copy numbers.ResultsThe concordance rate with the results of MLPA testing of amniocyte DNA was 94.12% in test set A and 90% in set B. For all tests with a classifiable result, the percent of agreement with the results of MLPA testing of amniocyte DNA was up to 100% (25/25).ConclusionWe have developed a direct, rapid, and low‐cost technique, which has a potential to be utilized for first‐trimester non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis and screening for spinal muscular atrophy with considerable reliability and feasibility.
Hyperpolarized 129Xe imaging of embryonic stem cell‐derived alveolar‐like macrophages in rat lungs: proof‐of‐concept study using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Riberdy Vlora , Litvack Michael , Stirrat Elaine , Couch Marcus , Post Martin , Santyr Giles E. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTo measure regional changes in hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI signal and apparent transverse relaxation () because of instillation of SPION‐labeled alveolar‐like macrophages (ALMs) in the lungs of rats and compare to histology.MethodsMRI was performed in 6 healthy mechanically ventilated rats before instillation, as well as 5 min and 1 h after instillation of 4 million SPION‐labeled ALMs into either the left or right lung. maps were calculated from 2D multi‐echo data at each time point and changes in were measured and compared to control rats receiving 4 million unlabeled ALMs. Histology of the ex vivo lungs was used to compare the regional MRI findings with the locations of the SPION‐labeled ALMs.ResultsRegions of signal loss were observed immediately after instillation of unlabeled and SPION‐labeled ALMs and persisted at least 1 h in the case of the SPION‐labeled ALMs. This was reflected in the measurements of . One hour after the instillation of SPION‐labeled ALMs, the decreased to 54.0 ± 7.0% of the baseline, compared to a full recovery to baseline after the instillation of unlabeled ALMs. Histology confirmed the co‐localization of SPION‐labeled ALMs with regions of signal loss and decreases for each rat.ConclusionHyperpolarized 129Xe MRI can detect the presence of SPION‐labeled ALMs in the airways 1 h after instillation. This approach is promising for targeting and tracking of stem cells for the treatment of lung disease.
Barriers and facilitators of clinical trial enrollment in a network of community‐based pediatric oncology clinics
Authors: Russo Carolyn , Stout Linda , House Toni , Santana Victor M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionMajor advances in the field of pediatric oncology have resulted from rigorous, prospective clinical oncology research trials. Optimizing access for all children and adolescents to clinical research trials is an important goal. Barriers to clinical trial enrollment are numerous, involving the health care system, research infrastructure, access to care, providers, and participants. The perspectives of pediatric oncologists may provide insight into the barriers of clinical trial enrollment for this unique population.Methods and materialsWe conducted qualitative structured interviews over two months of pediatric oncologists in a community‐based clinical network as part of a quality improvement project aimed at increasing enrollment rates at St. Jude Affiliate Clinics. We assessed barriers and facilitators to clinical trial opportunities for racial and ethnic minority pediatric participants. In the same fiscal year of the interviews, we tracked clinical trial enrollment by race and ethnicity of the participant over 12 months.ResultsThe major barriers to clinical trial enrollment for pediatric cancer minority participants included language discordance, travel difficulties, and complex trial designs. In contrast, the major facilitators included building trust with participants and their parents, and education on the merits of clinical research studies. We did not observe any disparities in clinical trial enrollment among the racial and ethnic minority participants of the clinical trials conducted across our network of pediatric oncology clinics.ConclusionsIdentifying barriers and facilitators may improve clinical trial enrollment for underrepresented participant groups.
Fe/Fe3C Nanoparticles Confined in Graphitic Layers/Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Huang Yanping , Liu Weifang , Kan Shuting , Liu Penggao , Liu Hongtao , Liu Kaiyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDevelopment of fuel cells is greatly hindered by their sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Therefore, rational design and cost‐effective fabrication of ORR catalysts with high activity and durability are of paramount importance to the commercialization of fuel cells. In this work, we develop one‐step synthesis of nitrogen‐doped Fe/Fe3C‐encapsulated graphitic layers/carbon nanotubes (Fe/Fe3C@NGL‐NCNT) for ORR. The interpenetration of the two‐dimensional (2D) NGL and the one‐dimensional (1D) NCNT conduces to the construction of three‐dimensional (3D) network structure. Such heterostructure renders Fe/Fe3C@NGL‐NCNT with different catalytically active sites and improved mass transfer. Fuethermore, the inimitable NCNT with winding earthworm‐like structure and a small diameter of below 10 nm provides plentiful active defect sites. Consequently, the synergistic effect of unique 1D/2D/3D heterostructure endows Fe/Fe3C@NGL‐NCNT catalyst with a superior activity and durability compared to commercial Pt/C catalyst. This work provides worthy inspiration for engineering excellent ORR electrocatalysts by integrating 1D/2D/3D materials with different catalytically active conponents into one heterostructure via in situ synthesis.
A Review on Reducing Grain Boundaries and Morphological Improvement of Perovskite Solar Cells from Methodology and Material‐Based Perspectives
Authors: Choi Hyuntae , Choi Kyoungwon , Choi Yelim , Kim Taewan , Lim Seyeong , Park Taiho 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved 25.2% of their certified efficiency and emerged as up‐and‐coming energy‐harvesting candidates owing to their superior properties. However, perovskite films are mainly polycrystalline films, and thus, the formation of grain boundaries (GBs) is inevitable. Since GBs have numerous defect sites that provide a channel for ion migration, reducing GBs is highly significant for achieving high efficiency and long‐term stability of PSCs. To this end, researchers have made efforts to produce a large crystal‐based perovskite film with reduced GBs. In this study, various methods that decrease GBs and enhance the morphology of perovskites are summarized and categorized into methodology‐ and material‐based approaches. Furthermore, a future research direction to produce high‐quality and large grain‐based perovskite film is also proposed.
Geochemical evaluation of carbonate aquifers in Ngbo and environs, Ebonyi State, southeastern, Nigeria
Authors: Ifediegwu Ikenna Stanley , Onyeabor Chinenye Florence , Nnamani Chiamaka Miracle 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The geochemical evaluation of carbonate aquifers in Ngbo and environs has been executed to ascertain the major ion chemistry and quality of waters for domestic and drinking uses. Ten water samples were gathered from pit lakes, hand dug wells, boreholes and rivers. The collected samples were analysed for pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3− and PO42− in the laboratory using the standard methods. The results were compared with NDWQS and WHO standards. The physical parameters varied from pH (6.2–8.4), temp. (25.0–26.0 °C), electrical conductivity (4.9–102 µS/cm) and total dissolved solids (25.5–214.2 mg/l). The analysed results revealed the mean concentration of cations and anions in the following order: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ > Fe2+ and HCO3− > CO32− > SO42− > Cl−, respectively. Based on the standard limits, about 90% of the waters in the study area is suitable for domestic and drinking purposes. The Piper trilinear, Stiff and Durov diagrams showed that water samples from various locations fall into mixed CaCO32−+HCO3 type. Various ionic ratio plots show that water sources are from dissolution of minerals in the aquifer media. Geochemical parameters such as Cl−, Na+ and K+ show good interrelationship with positive factor loadings among the ions.
Implementing Common Metrics across the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) consortium
Authors: Daudelin Denise H. , Peterson Laura E. , Welch Lisa C. , Chandler Redonna , Pandey Mridu , Noubary Farzad , Lee Philip L. , Selker Harry P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium and the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) undertook a Common Metrics Initiative to improve research processes across the national CTSA Consortium. This was implemented by Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the 64 CTSA academic medical centers. Three metrics were collaboratively developed by NCATS staff, CTSA Consortium teams, and outside consultants for Institutional Review Board Review Duration, Careers in Clinical and Translational Research, and Pilot Award Publications and Subsequent Funding. The implementation program included training on the metric operational guidelines, data collection, data reporting system, and performance improvement framework. The implementation team provided small-group coaching and technical assistance. Collaborative learning sessions, driver diagrams, and change packages were used to disseminate best and promising practices. After 14 weeks, 84% of hubs had produced a value for one metric and about half had produced an initial improvement plan. Overall, hubs reported that the implementation activities facilitated their Common Metrics performance improvement process. Experiences implementing the first three metrics can inform future directions of the Common Metrics Initiative and other research groups implementing standardized metrics and performance improvement processes, potentially including other National Institutes of Health institutes and centers.
A SHIFTED CONVOLUTION SUM OF AND THE FOURIER COEFFICIENTS OF HECKE–MAASS FORMS II
Authors: TANG HENGCAI 
Published: September 2019

Let $d_{3}(n)$ be the divisor function of order three. Let $g$ be a Hecke–Maass form for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}g=(1/4+t^{2})g$. Suppose that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{g}(n)$ is the $n$th Hecke eigenvalue of $g$. Using the Voronoi summation formula for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{g}(n)$ and the Kuznetsov trace formula, we estimate a shifted convolution sum of $d_{3}(n)$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{g}(n)$ and show that $$\begin{eqnarray}\mathop{\sum }_{n\leq x}d_{3}(n)\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{g}(n-1)\ll _{t,\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}}x^{8/9+\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}}.\end{eqnarray}$$ This corrects and improves the result of the author [‘Shifted convolution sum of $d_{3}$ and the Fourier coefficients of Hecke–Maass forms’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.92 (2015), 195–204].
Randomised trial of chronic supplementation with a nutraceutical mixture in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Cerletti Chiara , Colucci Mario , Storto Marianna , Semeraro Fabrizio , Ammollo Concetta T. , Incampo Francesca , Costanzo Simona , De Bartolomeo Giuseppe , Portincasa Piero , Barone Michele , Di Castelnuovo Augusto , Semeraro Nicola , Iacoviello Licia , de Gaetano Giovanni 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA mixture of natural ingredients, namely, DHA, phosphatidylcholine, silymarin, choline, curcumin and d-α-tocopherol, was studied in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Primary endpoints were serum levels of hepatic enzymes, and other parameters of liver function, the metabolic syndrome and inflammation were the secondary endpoints. The coagulation–fibrinolysis balance was also thoroughly investigated, as NAFLD is associated with haemostatic alterations, which might contribute to increased cardiovascular risk of this condition. The present study involved a double-blind, randomised, multicentre controlled trial of two parallel groups. Subjects with NAFLD (18–80 years, either sex) received the active or control treatment for 3 months. All assays were performed on a total of 113 subjects before and at the end of supplementation. The hepatic enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase decreased from 23·2 to 3·7 % after treatment, only the AST levels reaching statistical significance. However, no differences were found between control and active groups. Metabolic and inflammatory variables were unchanged, except for a slight (less than 10 %) increase in cholesterol and glucose levels after the active treatment. Coagulation–fibrinolytic parameters were unaffected by either treatment. In conclusion, chronic supplementation with the mixture of dietary compounds was well tolerated and apparently safe in NAFLD subjects. The trial failed to demonstrate any efficacy on relevant physiopathological markers, but its protocol and results may be useful to design future studies with natural compounds.
Wildlife Insights: A Platform to Maximize the Potential of Camera Trap and Other Passive Sensor Wildlife Data for the Planet
Authors: Ahumada Jorge A , Fegraus Eric , Birch Tanya , Flores Nicole , Kays Roland , O’Brien Timothy G , Palmer Jonathan , Schuttler Stephanie , Zhao Jennifer Y , Jetz Walter , Kinnaird Margaret , Kulkarni Sayali , Lyet Arnaud , Thau David , Duong Michelle , Oliver Ruth , Dancer Anthony 
Published: September 2019

SummaryWildlife is an essential component of all ecosystems. Most places in the globe do not have local, timely information on which species are present or how their populations are changing. With the arrival of new technologies, camera traps have become a popular way to collect wildlife data. However, data collection has increased at a much faster rate than the development of tools to manage, process and analyse these data. Without these tools, wildlife managers and other stakeholders have little information to effectively manage, understand and monitor wildlife populations. We identify four barriers that are hindering the widespread use of camera trap data for conservation. We propose specific solutions to remove these barriers integrated in a modern technology platform called Wildlife Insights. We present an architecture for this platform and describe its main components. We recognize and discuss the potential risks of publishing shared biodiversity data and a framework to mitigate those risks. Finally, we discuss a strategy to ensure platforms like Wildlife Insights are sustainable and have an enduring impact on the conservation of wildlife.
The effects of dietary fatty acids in the physiological outcomes of maternal high-fat diet on offspring energy homeostasis in mice
Authors: Mamounis Kyle J. , Shvedov Naomi R. , Margolies Nicholas , Yasrebi Ali , Roepke Troy A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe early-life origins of disease hypothesis has been applied to obesity research and modeled through overnutrition, usually with a high-fat diet (HFD). Since the obesity epidemic coincided with societal change in dietary fat consumption, rather than amount, manipulation of fatty acid (FA) profile is an under-investigated area of study. Additionally, the binding of FAs to nuclear receptors may have persistent intergenerational, extranutritive endocrinological effects that interact with the actions of reproductive steroids causing sex-dependent effects. To determine the role of FA type in the effects underlying maternal HFD, we fed wild-type C57BL6/J mating pairs, from preconception through lactation, a HFD with high saturated fat levels from coconut oil or high linoleic acid (LA) levels from vegetable oil. Male and female offspring body weight and food intake were measured weekly for 25 weeks. Assays for glucose metabolism, body composition, and calorimetry were performed at 25 weeks. Plasma metabolic peptides and liver mRNA were measured terminally. Obesity was primarily affected by adult rather than maternal diet in males, yet in females, maternal HFD potentiated the effects of adult HFD. Maternal HFD high in LA impaired glucose disposal in males weaned onto HFD and insulin sensitivity of females. Plasma leptin correlated with adiposity, but insulin and insulin receptor expression in the liver were altered by maternal LA in males. Our results suggest that maternal FA profile is most influential on offspring glucose metabolism and that adult diet is more important than maternal diet for obesity and other parameters of metabolic syndrome.