bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of Benign Acute Childhood Myositis by Ultrasound Elastography
Authors: Güngör Gülay , Güngör Olcay 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Herein, we aimed to determine the diagnostic contribution of ultrasound elastography (UE) technique to the assessment of muscle stiffness in pediatric patients with myositis.
Material and Methods: This study enrolled 16 patients who presented to our hospital’s Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic with the complaint of inability to walk and who had a clinical presentation of benign acute childhood myositis (BACM). The patients were referred to the Radiology Department to undergo muscle ultrasonography (USG), where they underwent UE of the gastrocnemius muscle (GCM).
Results: Children with myositis and healthy children are similar age (7.06 ± 1.52 year (5–11) vs. 7.00 ± 1.59 year (5–11) year) (P: 0.908) and body mass index (BMI) (20.04 ± 1.58 (18.6–24.2) vs. 22.08 ± 1.43 (19.9–24.4) (P: 0.946). The mean serum creatine kinase (CK) was measured as 1520.3 ± 1163.6 U/L (min: 456, max:4100) in children with myositis. In the children with myositis, the thickness of the medial and lateral GCM increased compared with that in control group (medial; 18.15 ± 3.02 mm vs 13.10 ± 2.26 mm, p<0.001, lateral; 13.51 ± 3.07 mm vs 9.34 ± 1.86 mm, p<0.001). The medial and lateral GCM ratio in group 1 was slight bigger than that in group 2 (medial; 1.10 ± 0.37 vs 1.00 ± 0.34, p: 0.274, lateral; 1.22 ± 0.44 vs 1.10 ± 0.29, p: 0.243). GCM strain values were mildly elevated in patients with myositis compared to controls.
Conclusion: In the children with myositis, the thickness of the medial and lateral GCM increased compared with that in control group. GCM strain ratio values were slightly higher in myositis patients compared to the control group. We think that the increase in muscle thickness values is mainly secondary to the edema seen in myositis. In addition, UE is a clinically applicable quantitative analysis for changes in myositis.
Serum Levels of Zinc and Copper in Cases of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Talaat Hala Salah El Din , Mohamed Mohamed Farouk , Ahmed Asmaa Ismael , Shafie Eman Shafik 
Published: September 2019

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) represents a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases that arises before the age of 16 years and lasts more than 6 months. During acute inflammation of the disease, serum copper concentration increases and zinc decreases, that could point to the possible pharmacological properties of these trace elements.
Aim: To measure the serum level of zinc and copper in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with different subtypes and correlate the levels of zinc and copper with the disease activity.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 40 patients already diagnosed clinically with JIA; patients were followed-up at the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, Children's Hospital, Cairo University.
Results: Out of forty patients, 16 were males (40%) and 24 were females (60%) with a male to female ratio (M: F) of 1:1.5. Out of the forty patients 17 were in activity and 23 were without activity. Thirty age and sex matched controls were included for comparison. Serum copper level was significantly higher in patients with JIA than those of the controls (P= 0.017) while there were no significant difference in serum level of zinc between JIA patients and that of the controls.
Conclusion: Alteration of serum copper and zinc probably is a defense response against JIA; increased copper may be due to inflammation associated, these elements could serve as biomarkers for the disease activity.
On Stability of Virtual Torsion Sensor for Control of Flexible Robotic Joints with Hysteresis
Authors: Ruderman Michael 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARYThe aim of the virtual torsion sensor (VTS) is to observe the nonlinear deflection in the flexible joints of robotic manipulators and, by its use, improve positioning control of the joint load. This model-based approach utilizes the motor-side sensing only and, therefore, replaces the load-side encoders at nearly zero hardware costs. For being applied in the closed control loop, the stability and robustness of VTS are most crucial. This work extends the previous analysis by a general case of nonlinear joint stiffness with hysteresis and provides straightforward conditions with respect to the system dynamics. The dissipativity and passivity of the torsion-torque hysteresis map are analyzed and discussed in detail. The absolute stability of VTS inclusion into position control loop is shown based on the equivalent loop transformations and Popov criteria, including the sector conditions. Illustrative numerical examples of the control error dynamics and its convergence are provided.
Efficient water scavenging by cooling superhydrophobic surfaces to obtain jumping water droplets from air
Authors: Ma Xiaochen , Wang Yang , Wu Heting , Wang Yuanhao , Yang Ya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDew collection is significant in harvesting water and relieving water shortages in arid regions. However, current methods for collecting dew or steam are mainly focusing on the millimeter-sized droplets condensed on the superhydrophobic surfaces. Here, we present a concept for harvesting micro droplets that can spontaneously bounce on the cooling superhydrophobic aluminum surface with randomly micro-nano composite structures, which were fabricated by using a two-step surface structural process. Moreover, an integrated device has been developed, which consists of a triboelectric nanogenerator and the superhydrophobic aluminum sheet. We experimentally explained that the triboelectric nanogenerator, which provides an external electric field by converting wind energy to electric energy with DC voltage pulse peaks of about 60 V, can be utilized to enhance the collection capacity of the jumping water droplets.
Preclinical murine platform to evaluate therapeutic countermeasures against radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome
Authors: Romesser Paul B. , Kim Amanda S. , Jeong Jeho , Mayle Allison , Dow Lukas E. , Lowe Scott W. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Currently, there are no therapies available to mitigate intestinal damage after radiation injury. Efforts to study and design new therapies are hampered by a lack of models that can be readily adopted to study therapeutic targets. Here we describe a preclinical platform to evaluate therapeutic countermeasures against intestinal radiation injury in vivo in a mouse model that permits inducible and reversible gene suppression following radiation exposure. We demonstrate that transient intestinal Apc suppression stimulates intestinal regeneration and mitigates lethality after radiation intestinal injury, thus validating pulsed Wnt pathway agonism as a therapeutic strategy. This platform can be readily adopted to study theoretically any gene of interest associated with the biology and treatment of intestinal radiation injury.
Dancers’ heart: Cardiac screening in elite dancers
Authors: Metsios George S. , Wyon Matthew , Patel Kiran , Allen Nick , Koutedakis Yiannis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing electrocardiography and echocardiography, we screened elite men and women ballet dancers for abnormal cardiovascular conditions using an observation design with blinded clinical analysis of cardiac function tests. Fifty‐eight (females n = 33) elite professional ballet dancers (age: 26.0 ± 5.7 years, body mass index: 19.9 ± 2.2 kg/m2) with no past or present history of cardiovascular disease volunteered. Participants were assessed via a 12‐lead electrocardiography and two‐dimensional echocardiography for cardiac function. Electrocardiography revealed that 83% of the dancers demonstrated normal axis, while 31% had incomplete right bundle branch block and 17% had sinus bradycardia; none showed any abnormal findings. Findings from the echocardiography were also normal for all participants and comparable to their counterparts in other sports. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected in almost all studied echocardiographic parameters between males and females. In conclusion, heart function and structure seem to be normal in elite ballet dancers, placing them at low risk for sudden cardiac death and performance‐related cardiovascular complications. Larger samples are required to confirm these findings.
Pediatric Vestibular Rehabilitation: A Case Study
Authors: Alves Camilla Cavassin , Silva André Luis Santos 
Published: September 2019

Background:
A 9-year-old child with a 9-month history of complaints of dizziness, headache, and motion sensitivity came to physical therapy. The child complained of difficulties playing on a playground, running, riding in a car, watching “action movies,” sitting under fluorescent lights, and making quick head movements.

Methods:
An initial evaluation included a clinical oculomotor examination, vergence testing, static and dynamic visual acuity testing, head impulse testing, subjective visual vertical, balance testing, the pediatric vestibular symptom questionnaire, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory—child caregivers version (DHI-PC) and a visual vertigo analog scale. Physical therapy included virtual reality with Xbox games plus adaptation, habituation, and balance exercises. She was seen once per week and given a home program of exercises 2 to 3 times a day.

Results:
After 10 treatment sessions, she reported that playing was easier, headaches had reduced, she could travel as a passenger in a car for long distances without complaints, and that she could watch 3-dimensional action movies without symptoms. Her pediatric vestibular symptom questionnaire scores had reduced from 0.7 to 0.1. The DHI-PC had decreased from 22 to 12 points and her visual vertigo analog scale scores were improved.

Conclusions:
Vestibular rehabilitation improved this child's quality of life. She was able to return to her daily living activities with fewer symptoms.
Global macroeconomic burden of epilepsy and the role for neurosurgery: a modelling study based upon the 2016 Global Burden of Disease data
Authors: O’Donohoe T. J. , Choudhury A. , Callander E. 
Published: September 2019

Background and purposeAlthough the significant morbidity and mortality burden associated with epilepsy is well understood, associated economic consequences are yet to be estimated on a global scale. We sought to: (i) estimate the value of lost economic welfare attributable to epilepsy among countries included in the 2016 Global Burden of Disease study, (ii) evaluate differences in disease burden between countries of varied income classification and location, and (iii) understand the proportion of this burden that requires neurosurgical consultation and intervention.MethodsPublicly available morbidity and mortality data were incorporated into a ‘full‐income’ model to generate estimates of the cumulative value of lost economic welfare (VLW) related to epilepsy. Results from a survey of neurosurgeons were then used to estimate the VLW attributable to the proportion of disease requiring neurosurgical consultation and intervention.ResultsA total of 195 countries and territories were included in this analysis. We estimate that the cumulative VLW related to epilepsy was $647.37 billion [2016 US dollars (USD), purchasing power parity (PPP)]. Economic welfare losses were equivalent to a mean of 1.45% (±1.00%) of gross domestic product. The value of economic losses attributable to the proportion of the burden necessitating neurosurgical consultation and intervention was $258.95 billion (2016 USD, PPP) and $155.37 billion (2016 USD, PPP) respectively.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the economic consequences of epilepsy‐related morbidity and mortality are substantial. When considered with evidence supporting the cost‐effectiveness of various interventions for improved epilepsy diagnosis and management, our findings suggest that the implementation of simple and affordable measures may avert significant economic loss.
A PopZ‐linked apical recruitment assay for studying protein–protein interactions in the bacterial cell envelope
Authors: Lim Hoong Chuin , Bernhardt Thomas G. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryMost bacteria are surrounded by a complex cell envelope. As with many biological processes, studies of envelope assembly have benefited from cell‐based assays for detecting protein–protein interactions. These assays use simple readouts and lack a protein purification requirement, making them ideal for early stage investigations. The most widely used two‐hybrid interaction assay for proteins involved in envelope biogenesis is based on the reconstitution of adenylate cyclase activity from a split enzyme. Because adenylate cyclase is only functional in the cytoplasm, both protein fusions used in the assay must have a terminus located in this compartment. However, many envelope assembly factors are wholly extracytoplasmic. Detecting interactions involving such proteins using two‐hybrid systems has therefore been problematic. To address this issue, we developed a cytological assay in Escherichia coli based on PopZ from Caulobacter crescentus. Here, we demonstrate the utility of this PopZ‐Linked Apical Recruitment (POLAR) method for detecting interactions between proteins located in different cellular compartments. Additionally, we report that recruitment of an active peptidoglycan synthase to the cell pole is detrimental for E. coli and that interactions between proteins in the inner and outer membranes of the Gram‐negative envelope may provide a mechanism for recruiting protein complexes to subpolar sites.
Predicting Power Plant Equipment Life Using Machine Learning
Authors: Gascon Martin , Kumar Nikhil , Ghosh Rana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
There are new challenges for plant operators due to the increased share of renewable energy. Plant operators must maintain high reliability and high profits while plants are being required to be more flexible to compensate for the variable generation addition of these renewables into the grid. Plant operators must deal with the thermal strain and the wear-and-tear of such operations. Various models have been proposed in the literature. However, no work has been reported on the development of a robust prediction model. The aim of this study was to determine which machine learning algorithm gives the best estimation of boiler component remaining useful life using plant operations. The flexible operation for all units was estimated using the Intertek hourly MW analysis and damage modeling software Loads Model™. We used several plant features as predictors (such as equipment manufacturer, operating regime, and ramp rates). We tested five different machine learning techniques and found that gradient boost is the best approach to predict the reduction in life span of the plant with over 90% precision.
Underwriting the Empire: Nizamiye Courts, Tax Farming and the Public Debt Administration in Ottoman Syria
Authors: Barakat Nora 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the role of the Ottoman Nizamiye Court of First Instance in conflicts over capital between public revenue agencies and tax farmers in the Syrian district of Homs at the turn of the twentieth century. The court’s records show that it adjudicated these conflicts in exclusive reference to codified law. However, I argue that the court’s formalist adjudication responded to political and economic circumstances defined by the global fiscal crises of the 1870s. In the aftermath of these crises, tax farmers took on new roles underwriting both Ottoman public debt and foreign investment through contracts with public revenue collection agencies like the Public Debt Administration. These agencies employed codified law to garner as much of tax farmers’ profits as possible. Tax farmers used the same law to contest these efforts and leverage their new economic influence to maintain control over regional markets and land. The court’s formalist rulings served the prerogatives of imperial sovereignty and solvency.
Die Züchtung von Polyploiden mit positivem Selektionswert
Authors: Straub Josef 
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt
Der Bastard aus Antirrhinurn majus Sippe 50 und Antirrhinum glutinosum Wildsippe / orgiva ist durch Heterosis und volle Fertilität gekennzeichnet. Er wird tetraploid gemacht. In den diploiden und tetraploiden Nachkommenschaften werden jeweils die wüchsigsten und fertilsten Typen selektioniert. Die stärkste Heterosis tritt in einzelnen Linien der tetraploiden Nachkommenschaften auf. Die wüchsigsten tetraploiden Linien stellen gegenüber den diploiden auch Frühblüher dar. Das Auftreten der frühblühenden Heterosistypen steht im Gegensatz zu allen Befunden an Tetraploiden aus reinen Linien, denn diese sind durch eine Verzögerung der Gesamtentwicklung charakterisiert. In den tetraploiden Nachkommenschaften läßt sich auch die ursprünglich niedere Fertilität durch Selektion erhöhen. Damit ist die Methode aufgezeigt, wie man Polyploide mit positivem Selektionswert auslösen kann. Es ist hierzu notwendig, daß Bastarde, deren Eltern sich in einer großen Zahl von Genen unterscheiden, der Polyploidisierung unterworfen werden. Doch braucht die Verschiedenheit der Bastardeltern nicht so extrem zu sein, daß dadurch im diploiden Bastard Sterilitätserscheinungen bedingt sind.
Können Protonen als primäre Komponente der kosmischen Strahlung angesehen werden?
Authors: Höcker Karl-Heinz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es wird versucht, die bisherigen Erfahrungen über die Höhenstrahlung in der Atmosphäre vom Standpunkt einer primären Protonenkomponente zu verstehen. Dabei erweist sich das neutrale Meson als von entscheidender Bedeutung
Zur Isotopentrennung in aufsteigenden H 2 -D 2 -Flammen
Authors: Clusius Klaus , Faber Gebhard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Eine verbesserte Anordnung zur Untersuchung der Entmischungserscheinungen in aufsteigenden H2-D2-Flammen wird angegeben. Mit ihr werden die Trennfaktoren F g im unverbrannten Gasrest in Abhängigkeit vom primären Wasser Stoff gehalt untersucht. Bei 9% Wasserstoff wird ein Grenzwert von F g = 2,22 erreicht, während in guter Uber-einstimmung damit die theoretische Abschätzung F g = 2,lfl verlangt. 1. I n einer früheren Arbeit haben wir einen
Die Raumladungssteuerung im Laufzeitgebiet bei hohen Aussteuerungsgraden
Authors: Gundlach Friedrich Wilhelm 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es wird das Verhalten der Raumladungssteuerung im Laufzeitgebiet bei Aussteuerungsgraden untersucht. Vorausgesetzt ist eine Kathode, bei der die thermische Anfangsgeschwindigkeit des Elektronenaustrittes und die Sättigungserscheinungen unberücksichtigt bleiben. Über eine aus Kathode und Anode gebildete Diodenstrecke wird ein Gleichstrom Ī und ein Wechselstrom vom Scheitelwert Î geschickt. Die für den Betrieb der Diode wesentlichen Größen sind das „Stromverhältnis" k = Ī / Î und der „Laufwinkel“
αd = ∛(6│dmε0Fω3/eĪ)
(ω = Betriebsfrequenz, d = Elektrodenabstand, F = Elektrodenfläche). Die durchgeführten Berechnungen liefern den an der Diodenstrecke entstehenden Gleichspannungsabfall (Abb. 7), die Grundwelle des entstehenden Wechselspannungsabfalles nach Größe und Phase (Abb. 5) und die Grundwelle des Elektronenleitungsstromes an der Anode (Abb. 4). Auf die Bedeutung der Rechenergebnisse für die Physik und Technik der Elektronenröhren wird hingewiesen.
Über das Leitvermögen von Cadmiumsulfidkristallen bei Anregung durch harte und mittelharte Röntgenstrahlen
Authors: Brüser I. , Oeser H. , Warminsky B. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Das durch Röntgenstrahlen im Bereich von 40-200 kV erzeugte Leitvermögen von CdS-Kristallen wird mit dem Ionisationsstrom einer Luftkammer verglichen. Bei gleicher Strahlen-qualität wurde an einer Reihe von Kristallen Proportionalität zwischen Photostrom des Kristalles und Ionisationsstrom der Luftkammer festgestellt. Dagegen ist die Wellenlängenabhängigkeit des Photostromes erwartungsgemäß eine andere als die des Ionisationsstromes, und zwar ergab sich aus Messungen mit sog. Normalstrahlungen bei etwa 130 kV Röhrenspannung ein Maximum der Empfindlichkeit des Kristalles gegenüber der Empfindlichkeit des Dosimeters. D as Leitvermögen von Cadmiumsulfidkristallen
Über den Einfluß der zwischenmolekularen Wechselwirkung auf das Raman-Spektrum von Chloroform
Authors: Woliňski L. M. , Trumpakaj Z. , Sokolowski J. , Smiatacz Z. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Beim Chloroform und einigen Chloroform-Lösungen wurden die differentiellen Intensitäten und Profile der Raman-Linien und ihre Verschiebungen gegenüber den Linien des reinen Chloroforms untersucht und daraus Schlüsse bezüglich der Änderung der Polarisierbarkeit und der Bindungsmomente des Chloroforms durch die zwischenmolekularen Wechselwirkungen gezogen.
[Nb6Cl12(HIm)6](OAc)2·3MeOH – a hydrogen-bonded network of niobium cluster cations, acetate anions and methanol molecules
Authors: Sperlich Eric , Köckerling Martin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The new cluster compound [Nb6Cl12(HIm)6](OAc)2 · 3MeOH represents the first example of network compounds consisting of hexanuclear niobium cluster cations and acetate anions, which are connected though hydrogen bonds (besides Coulomb interactions). Hydrogen-bonded cation-anion pairs form chains, which are further extended to sheets by additional hydrogen bonds to co-crystallized methanol molecules. The synthesis of the title compound is based on a one-pot dehydration reaction of the cluster precursor [Nb6Cl14(H2O)4] · 4H2O with acetic anhydride in the presence of imidazole at T = 40°C.
Efecto del pago de la declaración de renta en el sistema cedular Ley 1819 del 2016 en el ahorro y consumo de personas naturales en Florencia, Caquetá (Colombia)
Authors: Pardo Rozo Yelly Yamparli , Aristizábal Valbuena Chris Nathalie , Duque Gloria Astrid 
Published: September 2019

El estudio identificó el cambio que sufrió en el corto plazo el ahorro y el consumo en las personas naturales contribuyentes en el nuevo sistema cedular, de acuerdo con la Ley 1819 de 2016. Se empleó análisis descriptivo y econométrico para observar el cambio en el ahorro y consumo a través de la propensión marginal al consumo (PMgC) como argumento teórico y matemático. Se encontró que en la situación sin pago de la declaración de renta, la PMgC1 fue de 0.9 en promedio, de modo que por cada 100 % del ingreso o renta de una persona, esta destina un 90 % al consumo de bienes y servicios y el 10 % restante se supone conforma el potencial de ahorro; en la situación con pago de declaración de renta la PMgC2 fue de 0.95. El aumento en el gasto por el pago de la declaración de renta puede traducirse como una pérdida en la capacidad de ahorro, consumo o inversión. La población objeto de estudio fueron los profesionales que declararon renta y realizaron pago solo en 2018 del año gravable 2017, quienes se afectaron económicamente con el nuevo sistema tributario, por la reducción del ahorro que estaba destinado a satisfacer necesidades de salud, educación, vivienda, turismo y recreación principalmente.