bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in carbon‐decomposition enzyme activities respond differently to land use change in central China
Authors: Zhang Qian , Feng Jiao , Wu Junjun , Zhang Dandan , Chen Qiong , Li Qianxi , Long Chunyang , Feyissa Adugna , Cheng Xiaoli 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC) is primarily regulated by extracellular enzymes secreted by the microorganism. However, how soil C‐decomposition enzymes respond to different land use change remains unclear. Here, we conducted a study to explore seasonal variations in C‐decomposition enzyme activities including hydrolases (α‐glucosidase, β‐glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and β‐xylosidase) and oxidases (polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase) in woodland, shrubland, cropland, and adjacent uncultivated soils in central China. Soil dissolved organic C (DOC), SOC, labile C (LC), recalcitrant C (RC), soil C recalcitrance index (RIC: RC/SOC ratio), pH, soil moisture, and temperature were also investigated. Both afforested and cropland averaged higher hydrolase and oxidase activities compared with the uncultivated land, with higher levels of enzyme activities in topsoils than deep soils. By comparing with the uncultivated land, higher hydrolytic enzyme activities in afforested soils were mainly attributed to higher DOC and LC contents, whereas higher hydrolase activities in cropland soils were possibly due to lower C:nitrogen (N) ratios and agricultural disturbance (i.e., fertilization and tillage). In contrast, two oxidases activities were the highest in the cropland, which might be attributed to higher RIC and lower C:N ratio. Cropland soils also averaged higher specific enzyme activities (i.e., enzyme activities per unit of SOC) compared with the afforested land, indicating fast C turnover rates in cropland. Seasonal variations in soil enzyme activities were primarily driven by soil temperature and pH. Overall, our results reveal the different underlying mechanisms between hydrolases and oxidases in response to types of land use change.
Vegetable oils as carbon and energy source for Aureobasidium melanogenum in batch cultivation
Authors: van Nieuwenhuijzen Elke J. , Sailer Michael F. , van den Heuvel Edwin R. , Rensink Stephanie , Adan Olaf C. G. , Samson Robert A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDark homogenous fungal‐based layers called biofinishes and vegetable oils are key ingredients of an innovative wood protecting system. The aim of this study was to determine which of the vegetable oils that have been used to generate biofinishes on wood will provide carbon and energy for the biofinish‐inhabiting fungus Aureobasidium melanogenum, and to determine the effect of the oil type and the amount of oil on the cell yield. Aureobasidium melanogenum was cultivated in shake flasks with different types and amounts of carbon‐based nutrients. Oil‐related total cell and colony‐forming unit growth were demonstrated in suspensions with initially 1% raw linseed, stand linseed, and olive oil. Oil‐related cell growth was also demonstrated with raw linseed oil, using an initial amount of 0.02% and an oil addition during cultivation. Nile red staining showed the accumulation of fatty acids inside cells grown in the presence of oil. In conclusion, each tested vegetable oil was used as carbon and energy source by A. melanogenum. The results indicated that stand linseed oil provides less carbon and energy than olive and raw linseed oil. This research is a fundamental step in unraveling the effects of vegetable oils on biofinish formation.
Intra‐patient variability of heteroplasmy levels in urinary epithelial cells in carriers of the m.3243A>G mutation
Authors: de Laat Paul , Rodenburg Richard J. , Smeitink Jan A. M. , Janssen Mirian C. H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe mitochondrial DNA m.3243A>G mutation is one the most prevalent mutation causing mitochondrial disease in adult patients. Several cohort studies have used heteroplasmy levels in urinary epithelial cells (UEC) to correlate the genotype of the patients to the clinical severity. However, the interpretation of these data is hampered by a lack of knowledge on the intra‐patient variability of the heteroplasmy levels. The goal of this study was to determine the day‐to‐day variation of the heteroplasmy levels in UEC.MethodsFifteen carriers of the m.3243A>G mutation collected five urine samples in a 14‐day window. Heteroplasmy levels of the m.3243A>G mutation were determined in these samples. Data from the national cohort study, including Newcastle Mitochondrial Disease Adult Scale scores and clinical diagnosis, were used.ResultsIn the samples of six patients, heteroplasmy levels were within a 5% margin. In the samples collected from five patients, the margin was >20%.ConclusionHeteroplasmy levels of UEC in carriers of the m.3243A>G mutation have a significant day‐to‐day variation. The interpretation of a correlation between heteroplasmy levels in urine and disease severity is therefore not reliable. Therefore, heteroplasmy levels in UEC should not be used as a prognostic biomarker in these patients.
Garcinol Reduces Obesity in High‐Fat‐Diet‐Fed Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota Composition
Authors: Lee Pei‐Sheng , Teng Chia‐Yi , Kalyanam Nagabhushanam , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: December 2018

ScopeObesity has become a major health problem worldwide and is associated with low‐grade chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. This study is conducted to investigate the chemopreventive effects of garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative isolated from the fruit rind of Garcinia indica. How garcinol protects against obesity in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced mice is delineated and whether its anti‐obesity effects are related to gut microbiota has been determined.Methods and resultsThe results show that garcinol reduces HFD‐fed mice body weight gain and relative visceral adipose tissue fat weight in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, garcinol markedly reduces the plasma levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerol. The 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicate that garcinol not only reverses HFD‐induced gut dysbiosis—as indicated by the decreased Firmicutes‐to‐Bacteroidetes ratios—but also controls inflammation by increasing the intestinal commensal bacteria, Akkermansia. In addition, the AMP‐activated protein kinase α signaling pathway involved in adipocyte adipogenesis is also affected by garcinol.ConclusionTaken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that garcinol can prevent HFD‐induced obesity and may be used as a novel gut microbiota modulator to prevent HFD‐induced gut dysbiosis and obesity‐related metabolic disorders.
Ultra‐directive palm tree Vivaldi antenna with 3D substrate lens for μ‐biological near‐field microwave reduction applications
Authors: de Oliveira Alexandre M. , Justo João F. , Serres Alexandre J. R. , Manhani Maria Raquel , Maniçoba Robson H. C. , Perotoni Marcelo B. , Baudrand Henri 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe present a new Palm Tree Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna with an Exponential Slot Edge and 3D polylactide‐printed Substrate Lens presents an unprecedented directive radiation pattern, and simultaneously mitigates the side lobe level, increases the main lobe gain, and reduces the angular width, for μ‐biological Near‐Field Microwave Reduction Applications.
Accelerated imaging of metallic implants using model‐based nonlinear reconstruction
Authors: Shi Xinwei , Levine Evan , Weber Hans , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: December 2018

PurposeTo accelerate imaging near metallic implants with multi‐spectral imaging (MSI) techniques by exploiting a signal model in the spectral dimension.MethodsMSI techniques resolve metal‐induced field perturbations by acquiring separate 3D spatial encodings at multiple excitation frequencies, which are referred to as spectral bins. The proposed model‐based reconstruction exploits the correlation between spectral bins in image reconstruction by enforcing a signal model to describe the signal profile across bins. This work evaluates the accuracy of the MSI signal model in simulations and in vivo experiments. The proposed model‐based reconstruction was evaluated in 6 subjects at an overall undersampling factor of 17.4 and compared with model‐free parallel imaging and compressed sensing (PI & CS). The quality of reconstructed images was evaluated using normalized RMS error (nRMSE) and structural similarity index (SSIM) comparisons, with paired Wilcoxon tests in 6 subjects used to determine whether there was a significant difference in the metrics.ResultsBoth simulations and in vivo experiments show that the proposed signal model can represent the MSI signal profiles in the spectral dimension compactly and accurately. In the in vivo experiments, the model‐based reconstruction significantly improved image quality over model‐free PI & CS, with P < 0.05 for both nRMSE and SSIM at 17.4× acceleration.ConclusionThis work presents the feasibility of using a model‐based reconstruction to accelerate MSI techniques for faster MR imaging near metal.
Data consistency‐driven determination of ‐fluctuations in gradient‐echo MRI
Authors: Meineke Jakob , Nielsen Tim 
Published: December 2018

PurposeIntroduce a method to estimate ‐fluctuations based on the analysis of raw k‐space data, without sequence modifications or external hardware, and correct for their detrimental effects in gradient‐echo MRI.TheoryInconsistencies in multi‐channel raw k‐space data can be used to estimate ‐fluctuations by exploiting coil‐sensitivity information.MethodsThe proposed method, dubbed consistency navigation, is used to extract ‐fluctuations from ‐weighted 3D gradient‐echo data. These results are compared with the results from an MR phase navigator and respiratory bellows. The spatial variation of the ‐fluctuation amplitude is derived using the sensitivity maps of the coil array and compared with direct measurements based on dynamic 2D gradient‐echo data.Results‐fluctuations derived from the consistency navigator and MR phase navigator are highly correlated. Images corrected for these fluctuations show marked improvements in homogeneity and tissue delineation. The spatial variation of the ‐fluctuation amplitude follows closely the variation directly measured from time‐resolved 2D scans.ConclusionsBased on the consistency navigator, an accurate estimation of the spatiotemporal characteristics of ‐fluctuations and correction of ‐weighted images has been demonstrated.
Nurse telephone education for promoting a treat‐to‐target approach in recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients: A pilot project
Authors: Farley Siobhan , Libman Bonita , Edwards Melinda , Possidente Carl J. , Kennedy Amanda G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to implement a nurse telephone education programme for patients with recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that promotes shared decision‐making and a treat‐to‐target approach.MethodsThis was a pilot project of newly diagnosed adult RA patients conducted between November 2015 and December 2016. A rheumatology clinic nurse telephoned patients to offer disease education. A toolkit was mailed to patients. Measures included call attempts, call time, a qualitative description of free‐text notes and the proportion of patients who adhered to their next clinic visit. Data were analysed descriptively and qualitatively.ResultsTwenty‐six patients participated in the nurse calls. Most patients were female (65%), with a median age of 54 years (range 22–78 years). Median call length was 14.5 min, with a range of 8–23 min. Qualitative notes indicated that patients overwhelmingly supported the nurse calls. Nineteen patients (73%) were adherent to their follow‐up visit.ConclusionThis preliminary project successfully implemented an educational programme that included a nurse‐facilitated, RA‐specific, telephone call and toolkit. This educational programme could be a model for similar educational efforts by other clinics.
Study of the 1‐D consolidation behavior of two‐layered soft soils: Parametric studies using a rheological model with viscoplastic body
Authors: Zou Shengfeng , Li Jinzhu , Xie Xinyu , Wang Zhongjin 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe governing equations for the coupled processes of consolidation and creep of two‐layered soft soils are established. The Nishihara rheological model is adopted to simulate the elasto‐viscoplastic characteristics of soft soils, disregarding the effects of the soil self‐gravity. A semi‐analytical theory combined with numerical and analytical methods is introduced to solve the governing equations of the one‐dimensional rheological model. The computational procedure and the approximate solutions for two‐layered soft soils subjected to surface loading are obtained for two drainage conditions. The solutions and the computational procedure are used to study the effects of the two layers and constitutive parameters on rheological consolidation behavior of soft soils. It can be concluded that two layers affect the rate of excess pore water pressure dissipation and settlement development. The parametric studies show that when the parameters of the upper layer remain constant, increases in the permeability and elastic modulus in the lower layer accelerate the dissipation of the excess pore water pressure, and meanwhile increases in the viscosity coefficient and viscoplastic limit slows down the dissipation of the excess water pressure.
When are anti‐fat attitudes understood as prejudice versus truth? An experimental study of social influence effects
Authors: Lee G. C. , Platow M. J. , Augoustinos M. , Van Rooy D. , Spears R. , Bar‐Tal D. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackground/ObjectivesIf people who hold anti‐fat attitudes believe these attitudes to be true, then anti‐prejudice appeals are likely to be unsuccessful, if only because the targets will not see their attitudes as in need of change. The current study examined processes that may lead people to see their anti‐fat attitudes as ‘truth’ or as ‘prejudice’.Subjects/MethodsParticipants (N = 482) read anti‐fat statements and were then presented with an interpretation of these statements as ‘truth’ or ‘prejudice’. The source of this interpretation was either an (i) in‐group or out‐group member and (ii) expert or non‐expert. Participants' judgements of the statements were expected to vary such that in‐group others and experts would exert more influence than would out‐group others and non‐experts.ResultsParticipants aligned their own interpretations of an anti‐fat statement with those of an expert, but not with those of a non‐expert, F(1,466) = 8.97, p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.02. The group membership variable had no effect on judgements of ‘truth’ or ‘prejudice’ of the anti‐fat statement.ConclusionThe expressions that people believe constitute anti‐fat prejudice versus truth about people described as overweight are influenced by exposure to expert opinion (in this case, by medical doctors). Implications for the success of weight‐based anti‐prejudice appeals and for healthcare provision are discussed.
The Effect of Public Insurance Expansions on Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Maclean Johanna Catherine , Saloner Brendan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe examine the effect of Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on substance use disorder (SUD) treatment utilization and financing. We combine data on admissions to specialty facilities and Medicaid‐reimbursed prescriptions for medications commonly used to treat SUDs in nonspecialty outpatient settings with an event‐study design. Several findings emerge from our study. First, among patients receiving specialty care, Medicaid coverage and payments increased. Second, the share of patients who were uninsured and who had treatment paid for by state and local government payments declined. Third, private insurance coverage and payments increased. Fourth, expansion also increased prescriptions for SUD medications reimbursed by Medicaid. Fifth, we find suggestive evidence that admissions to specialty treatment may have increased one or more years post‐expansion. However, this finding is sensitive to specification and we observe differential pretrends between the treatment and comparison groups. Thus, our finding for admissions should be interpreted with caution.
How Can We Recover More Plastics?
Authors:   American Chemistry Council
Published: December 2018

For years, many U.S. communities collected plastics and sent substantial amounts to China for recycling. In turn, China remade those plastics into new products and sold them at home and throughout the world.U.S. communities kept valuable materials out of landfills, and this helped plastics recycling in the U.S. grow year over year. All good.
Palladium complexes bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene–sulfonamide ligand for cooligomerization of ethylene and polar monomers
Authors: Tao Wenjie , Wang Xiaoming , Ito Shingo , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTHerein, we report the synthesis of palladium complexes bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐sulfonamide bidentate ligand and their application in ethylene oligomerization and ethylene/polar monomer cooligomerization. These catalysts could smoothly catalyze ethylene oligomerization and ethylene/methyl acrylate cooligomerization albeit the performance was lower compared to that of a NHC–phenoxide catalyst. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 474–477
Plants and people: Our shared history and future
Authors: Schaal Barbara 
Published: December 2018

Societal Impact StatementHumans and plants have a complex relationship extending far back into our joint evolutionary history. This legacy can be seen today as plants provide nutrition, fiber, pharmaceuticals, and energy for people and animals across the globe. Plant domestication and agriculture allowed human society to develop and our settlements to become more complex. As such, our modern cities and cultures rely in part on the stable and reliable production and distribution of food. This work examines how changes affecting the globe may impact upon the plant–human relationship, and how plant science can approach future change as both a challenge and an opportunity.SummaryHominids have coevolved with plants for millions of years; the skulls of ancient hominids reflect the nature of the plant species they ate, while more recently we domesticated plants to suit our needs, leading to a dramatic cultural shift from hunter‐gatherer to agricultural societies. Our deep relationship with, and understanding of, plants has enabled us to harness their nutritional, medicinal, and aesthetic benefits. Here, I describe how science can facilitate the further exploration of plant species, providing the information we need to adapt plants to enable us to meet the demands of the growing population or to identify novel plant‐derived compounds with important medical applications. Many of the major global challenges we face will also impact our relationship with plants; we must protect their biodiversity, which holds vital information and solutions that will help us to cope with these problems. Discoveries arising from the research pipeline of basic and applied research will yield new technologies to both utilize and protect our relationship with plants in the future.
Nickel‐Based Sulfide Materials for Batteries
Authors: Wang Yan , Pang Huan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMetal sulfide materials with high specific capacity, good cyclic and rate performance become a hot spot in the research of batteries. As one of the important representatives, nickel‐based sulfide nanomaterials with good electronic conductivities and a high capacity already have attracted a lot of publicity in terms of battery devices. Based on the current most advanced research, this review mainly introduces some synthetic methods and the applications of nickel‐based sulfide nanomaterials in lithium ion batteries, and other batteries. The abreast of developments in the area of nickel‐based sulfide nanomaterials for batteries is summarized.
Michael‐Reaction‐Based Simple “Turn‐On” Fluorescent Chemodosimeter to Detect Cys in Partial Aqueous Medium
Authors: Srivastava Priyanka , Gupta Ramesh Chandra , Misra Arvind 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe present work describes design and synthesis of dicyanovinylpyrene as a molecular probe 1. The photophysical studies of probe 1 shows intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) behavior. Probe 1 upon interaction with different amino acids in partial aqueous medium shows high selectivity for cysteine (Cys) through a chemical reaction based chemodosimeter approach. The observed change in the photophysical behavior and fluorescence “turn–on” response upon interaction with Cys is attributed to the formation of Michael type adduct in the medium. The mode of interaction between probe 1 and Cys has been confirmed by the 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HRMS spectroscopic data and significant change in the morphological feature.
Porous Javelin‐Like NiFe2O4 Nanorods as n‐Propanol Sensor with Ultrahigh‐Performance
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Feng , Sun Kai‐Ming , Li Shao‐Jie , Song Xue‐Zhi , Cheng Li , Ma Wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe online detection of n‐propanol concentration is required for health and safety issues in industry. Herein, through a morphology‐inherited annealing treatment of Ni/Fe bimetallic metal‐organic framework as the template, this paper reported the synthesis of porous javelin‐like NiFe2O4 nanorods. As gas sensing material, the ferrite showed n‐type gas‐sensing behavior as its resistance decreased in reducing gas atmospheres, and exhibited excellent n‐propanol sensing performance (the sensing response is 6.4 to 5 ppm) with ultralow detection limits (0.41 ppm) and ultrahigh gas sensitivity (1.13 ppm−1) toward n‐propanol at relatively low working temperature (120 °C). Meanwhile, the sensor showed good selectivity to n‐propanol as well as excellent cyclic and long‐term stability. The unique morphology and porous structure of NiFe2O4 nanorods may be responsible for the excellent performance, which offer more reactive sites and accelerate the diffusion of n‐propanol gas. This facile method of preparing porous metal oxides could be extended to fabricate other gas sensing materials applied to detect other target gases.
Soft‐templating Synthesis of Mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Toluene Adsorption Capacity
Authors: Duan Chongxiong , Yang Minhui , Li Feier , Li Yanyan , Peng Anguo , Luo Shaojuan , Xi Hongxia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) commonly have uniform micropores (pore dimension < 2 nm), which may restrict their practical applications involving large molecules. Although quite a little approaches have been developed to prepare mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (meso‐MOFs), challenge remains in the preparation of meso‐MOFs with controllable/tunable porosity. Here we developed a reliable method to rationally design and synthesize meso‐Cu‐BTC materials through utilizing a novel amphiphilic surfactant as the template. X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption isotherms and pore size distributions were applied to characterize the attained meso‐MOF products, the characterization analyses indicated that the as‐synthesized products possess multimodal pore size distribution with micropores and well‐ordered mesopores. Moreover, the porosity properties of the meso‐Cu‐BTC could be systematically controlled by varying the ratio of H2O/EtOH, the amount and type of the template. Owing to the well‐order mesoporous structure, the meso‐Cu‐BTC exhibited high uptake capacity of 152 cm3⋅g−1, about 20% higher as compared with conventional counterpart (128 cm3⋅g−1) for the capture of toluene. This work provides a new strategy to prepare meso‐MOFs with tunable porosity that would fulfill a wide range of applications involving large molecules.