bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renovating the Roman Colosseum: Politics, urban restructuring, and the value of heritage in neoliberal times
Authors: Galbo Joseph 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The paper presents debates over two renovations of the Roman Colosseum between 2011 and 2015, within a broader historical and political context, as prisms through which we can explore the entanglements of neoliberal politics, urban restructuring, and the ways in which heritage is being valued. With reference to the criticisms of art historian Tomaso Montanari, archaeologist Salvatore Settis, and anthropologist Michael Herzfeld, the current study examines the political, aesthetic, and ethical rationalities inscribed in the renovations of the Colosseum and the spatial organisation of the city more generally. The paper concludes by outlining how new forms of political populism in Italy, feeding on the discontents of neoliberalism, have placed heritage at the centre of intensely contested questions of citizenship and national identity.
Spike and Double stability on QDSEL of positive and negative optoelectronics feedback 220 ps
Authors: Abd Ali R H , Abdoon R S , Ghalib B A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nanotechnology laser is one of the fastest growing areas in many fields of science and medical applications. In this study, the behavior of quantitative point semiconductor laser was studied (quantum dot semiconductor laser QDSL) with positive and negative optoelectronic feedback (OEF) utilizing the rate equations to investigate the behavior of the delay time and its effect on the density of the photons as the values of the optoelectronic feedback were changed by the value of the time (τ = 220 ps). Many different regions of stable and double spike when optoelectronic Feedback Strength values as ζ = (+0.2)−(+0.6) and ζ = (−0.2)−(−0.6).
Structure, surface morphology and optical properties of CuxZn1-xS/Au NPs layer for photodetector application
Authors: Omran Alkhayatt Adel H. , AbdulWahab Habieb Azher , Hadi Abbas Al-Noaman Abbas , Abdulhussein Hameed Ali 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
CuZnS and CuZnS/Au NPs layer with different Cu/Zn content thin films have been deposited on heated glass substrate by spray pyrolysis technique at 330 °C and annealed at 450 °C for 1 hour. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveals that the structures of all prepared thin films are polycrystalline in nature, with preferential growth orientation along (111) plane corresponding to the cubic ZnS (sphalerite). Two low crystallinity of crystallographic phases corresponding to hexagonal CuS and monoclinic Cu2S were appeared with Cu/Zn different content. Strong diffraction peak of Au NPs appeared in CuZnS/Au NPs layer structure corresponding to the cubic Au gold phase oriented along (111) plane. Structure parameters such as crystallite size and number of crystalline, dislocation density and micro strain have been determined. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscope (AFM) images of CZS, and CZS/Au NPs thin films shows smooth, uniform morphology and plated regularly with no detectable micro-cracks. The roughness and r.m.s. roughness was increased with increase of Cu/Zn content from 1.95 nm to 4.36 nm respectively, while it decreased with the exists of Au NPs layer from 20.9nm to 3.99 nm. The energy dispersion x-ray spectroscopy spectra demonstrate the stoichiometry of the deposited films. The optical properties results exhibits red shifted in the fundamental absorption edge towards low energies of CZS (Cu/Zn content) and CZS/Au Nps layer thin films. The optical energy gap has been decreased from (2.56 to 2.34 eV, and 2.62 to 2.32 eV) with respect to Cu/Zn content and Au Nps layer, respectively.
A New Correlation between Galaxy Stellar Masses and Spiral Arm
Authors: Al-Baidhany Ismaeel A. , Salman Chiad Sami , Jabbar Wasmaa A. , Fadhil Habubi Nadir , Mubarak Tahseen H. , Abbas Khadayeir Abdulhussain , Hassan Ehssan S. , Odda Dawod Mohamed , Haneen Abass Khalid 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present a new relation between pitch angle of spiral arm (a parameter of the tightness of spiral structure) and the galaxy stellar masses.
Taken both with the result that stellar mass seems to determine pitch angle of spiral arm, one would anticipate a correlation to exist between pitch angle of spiral galaxy and the galaxy stellar masses in disk of spiral galaxies.
In this study, we measured the stellar mass of galaxy by using the calibration of L3.6µm,gal., and using the constant mass-to-light ratio (M/L)3.6µm,gal., were derived from the stellar population models. We conclude that pitch angle of spiral arm is a instrument to calculate indirect measurements of the stellar mass of galaxy.
Assessment of radioactivity levels and its associated radiological hazards in soil of Babylon governorate middle of Iraq
Authors: Salman E F , Muttelab M K , Manii J K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper included a radial map of the study area for the first time in Iraq thirty-one samples of the soil in Babylon governorate were used for the purpose of measurement the radiation Pollution in the region. used γ-ray spectrometer NaI(TI) detector technique for the purpose of measurement the concentration of natural radionuclides of 238U, 232Th, 235U and 40K we found (397.230 ± 3.802 Bq/kg to 244.511 ± 2.983Bq/kg) for 40K (37.091 ± 1.005 Bq/kg to 1.879 ± 0.226 Bq/kg) for 238U,from (30.971 ± 0.814 Bq/kg to 0.192 ± 0.064 Bq/kg) for 232Th and (1.709 ± 0.280 Bq/kg to 0.086 ± 0.063)Bq/kg for 235U.The radiological hazards due to natural radionuclides content calculated such as gamma dos rate (AD), radium equivalent activity, annual effective does equivalent (AEDE) ranged between (0.4498 Bq/kg to 0.121 Bq/kg). The results obtained in this research were consistent with global results, the concentration of natural radionuclides in soil samples were within the worldwide value reported by UNSCEAR 2008.
Study the deformation in some even krypton isotopes (88-92) using IBM-1 model
Authors: Jaber Gh A , Muttaleb M K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This research is being studied the low lying energy levels structure of some even-even krypton isotopes and possibility of electromagnetic transmission for them using the Interacting Boson Model-1IBM-1 to estimate the nuclear structure for 88-92Kr isotopes. The results were obtained using IBM program with Fortran language and the values of parameters in this calculations indicated that Krypton isotopes have a vibration U(5) and unstable O(6) properties. These properties are clear from the ratios and from the potential energy surface. The calculated results are in a good agreement with recent experimental data for theses isotopes.
Synthesis of Asymmetrical Charged Particle Lens Using Analytical Potential Model
Authors: Al-Batat A H , Yaseen M J , Al-Ramadhan Z A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the present work, the optimization by synthesis approach in the field of charged particle optics has been followed, where a modified analytical function has been proposed to represent the axial magnetic scalar potential distribution of the charged particle lens. Thereby, the corresponding axial field distribution can be deduced which is necessary to determine the paraxial ray trajectories and the aberration coefficients. Indeed, the present work deals with asymmetrical distributions of the lens field, accordingly, the first order properties and third order aberrations of the charged particle lens have been evaluated under zero and infinite magnification modes taken into account the effect of some geometrical parameters. The present work aims to reconstruct the shape of the pole piece of the magnetic lens that produced the proposed target function. The results have shown that, the pole piece shape of the lens and the field distributions have new irregular configurations as well as the objective properties of the lens are of acceptable values, according to the constraints that are imposed in the design process.
Simulation on Rotation Curve of Spiral Galaxies
Authors: Ahmed Bushra A , Abood Loay K , Salih Mohammad A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The problem of dark matter in galaxies is still one of the most important unsolved problems in the contemporary extragalactic astronomy and cosmology. The existence of a significant dynamic difference between the visible mass and the conventional mass of galaxies firmly establishes observational result. In this paper an unconventional explanation will be tested as an alternative to the cold dark matter hypothesis; which is called the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND).
In this paper covers the simulation of galactic evolutions; where the two hypotheses are tested via the rotation curves. N-body simulation was carried adopting different configuration like a hot disk, elliptical (with arms and without arms) with a different parameter that covers the objects distribution, masses and velocities. It is shown from the simulation results that the MOND hypothesis has generated better rotation curves than the Newtonian theorem. Moreover, the appropriate configuration and parameters for spiral galaxy are investigated. It is shown that this assignment has not been easy; because the problem is very delicate and unstable.
Radon and uranium concentration in ground water of nineveh plain region in iraq
Authors: Kheder Malik H , Ahmad Aymen M , Azeez Hanaa N , Slewa Muna Y , Badr Ban A , Sleeman Sleeman Y 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The track registration technique with a CR-39 detector was used to measure radon concentrations, and uranium contents in ground water samples from the Nineveh plain region wells. Samples were selected from 20 locations for measurements. This research aimed to assess radiological risks from uranium ingestion, and measure annual effective dose AED resulting from the intake of radon in the ingested water. Radon concentrations in these water samples were found to vary from 0.362 to 1.485 BqL−1, which were below the safety recommended limits 4 to 40 BqL−1 based on the Scientific Committee of United Nations on Atomic Radiation Effects. AED was found to vary from 1.32 to 5.42 µSv/y. Uranium activity concentrations ranged from 0.356 to 1.488 BqL−1, and the corresponding uranium concentrations in water samples were found to vary from 28.76 to 120 μgL−1. Uranium concentrations were over the safety recommended limits when, compared with recommended limits of of 30 μgL−1 for drinking water based on the US environmental protection agency. The excess cancer risk varied from 0.398 to 1.666 x10-4 with a mean value of 0.9 x10-4, indicating that 9/100,000 people in these areas haves a cancer risk from the water.
Effect of Polarity of Solvents on Linear Optical Properties for Organic Dye
Authors: Al-Huda Al-Aaraji Noor , Mousa Abdulazeez O. , Naser Ban A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, preparation and study the effect of polarity of two solvents (Dimethyl sulfoxide and acetone) on linear optical properties for solutions of organic dye (Aurintricarboxylic acid) with different concentrations were investigated. This dye has characterized using nuclear magnetic renounce (H-NMR) and Fourier translation infrared (FTIR) devices. Absorption and transmission spectra of samples recorded using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The results referred to that the samples dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent had very large linear optical properties as compared with samples dissolved in acetone solvent due to high polarity of dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. As a result, this organic dye can be used as active laser medium and photonic devices
A comparative study of optical quality for different polymeric contact lenses
Authors: Shaker Lina M. , Al-Hamdani Ali H. , Al-Amiery Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe comparision between pure organic polymer namely Poly(methyl methacrylate) “PMMA” and impregnated with Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) as contact lenses on image quality of human eye have been investigated. Pure PMMA and TiO2-PMMA materials were considered and applied using ZEMAX software as contact lenses (CLs) basis on Liou & Brennan eye model. Ocular performance was evaluated and analysis by three criteria, namely tangential modulation transfer function (TMTF), wavefront aberration characteristics and root mean square (RMS) of spot diagram. All the criteria showed that contact lens made of TiO2-PMMA when its refractive index (RI) = 1.61 and Abbe number (νd) = 31.8 provided the closest imaging properties to the healthy eye. From the results of our investigation, PMMA doping with TiO2resulted in balanced RI with νdpolymer and it provided the best retinal image when it used in CLs in comparison with image properties of the resulting image using the lens of pure PMMA polymer.
A Study of the Effect of Nano Zinc Oxide on Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Rubber Composites
Authors: Hadi F A , Kadhim R G 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of nano zinc oxide on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber composites in comparison with the effect of conventional zinc oxide. Six rubber compounds were prepared with nano zinc oxide (particle size = (10-30) nm and surface area = (30-60) m2/g) and levels of (0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,2) phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber weight). Six rubber compounds were prepared with conventional zinc oxide levels of (0,2,4,5,6,8) phr. The cure rate index was improved by 48.29% and torque difference was improved by 4.77%. The tensile strength was improved by 7.37% and the modulus at 300% was improved by 3.27%, while the hardness was decreased by 5.73%. The using of nano zinc oxide instead of conventional zinc oxide reduced the amount of zinc oxide inside rubber composites by 75%.
Determination of Radionuclides and Heavy Elements in the Rising Dust in the Small Side of Diwaniyah City due to the Movement of Wheels and Cars
Authors: Obayes K H , Mahdi K H , Nassif R M , Mansour H L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This research aims to determine the concentration of radionuclides in dust samples on the public streets of the small side of Diwaniyah city in Iraq as a result of movements of wheels and cars using the gamma spectra and high purity germanium detector (HPGe) with resolution of (2.3 keV) for energy (1.332 MeV) of cobalt 60Co. Dust samples were collected from the streets Diwaniyah city with (26) samples prepared for measurement. The results of the specific activity concentration of Uranium-238, Thorium-232, Potassium-40 and Cesium-137 were (14.66 ± 0.950, 26.29 ± 2.431, 219.04 ± 15.150 and 11.49 ± 0.876) Bq/kg respectively. The radiation parameters Raeq, absorbed dose rate, annual effective external exposure rate and annual effective dose rate of internal exposure were (69.122 Bq/kg, 31.787 nGy/h, 0.0389 mSv/y,0.155 mSv/y) respectively. The value of the external risk index (Hex), the internal risk index (HIn) and the risk index for gamma radiation was (0.186,0.226 and 0.506) respectively. The results obtained from granular volumetric analysis of dust patterns as a result of movement of cars and vehicles indicate that most of dust for some samples of the study area was sandy-silt with a little clay (Sandy Silt Clayey). These components of dust depend on the energy and speed of the transport wind, Volumetric granules.
Effect of Nickel Substitution On Structural and Electrical Properties of Hg0.5Pb0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3-yNiyO8+δ Superconductor Composite
Authors: Mohammed Laheeb A. , Jasim Kareem A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
six specimens of the Hg0.5Pb0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3-y
Niy
O8+δ (y=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0) superconducting compound were prepared by solid state reaction method, with sintering temperature equal to 1123K for 24 hours. The electrical resistivity was examined by the four probe technique, It was found that all the specimens have metallic behavior and increasing the critical temperature with increasing nickel concentration. The optimum critical temperature Tc was found equal to 137.5 K when the value of nickel concentration y=0.8. The structural of all the specimens studied by using XRD analysis, this examination showed the crystal structure of the specimens is polycrystalline with tetragonal structure. The volume fraction of high phase Hg0.5Pb0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3-y
Niy
O8+δ superconducting (Hg-1223 phase) increase up to 81.737% by increasing Ni concentration for y=0.8, The increasing in nickel concentration causes due to increase the high-phase 1223 and increment of c parameter.
An Investigation of Structural and Optical Properties of CuS Thin Film Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
Authors: Hadi Amara S , Wanas Ahmed H , Azara Saleem H , Al-Adilee Khalid J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Thin film of copper sulfide (CuS) with three molar concentrate of Thiouria (NH2)2CS (TU) (0.03,0.05 and 0.08) M and Copper Chloride CuCl2.2H2O with molar ratio (0.01) M have been prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique on glass substrates at (75°C), for one hour. As deposition and annealed films were studied, the results of X-ray diffraction showed that the films were polycrystalline with Hexagonal structure. The optical properties of CuS thin films recording by the transmittance and absorbance spectrum for wave length range (300-1100) nm, the results showed that the transmittance increases with increasing molar concentration of Sulfide source (TU) for as deposited and annealed films. It is noticed that the electronic transitions is directly allowed transition and the values of energy gap ranging between (1.3 – 2.2) eV corresponding to increasing of molar concentration of Thiouria. The purpose of the research is to study the compositional, optical and electrical properties of the prepared films and study the effect of sulfur exporters, On the structural and optical properties.
Preparation and characterization of p- NiO:Li thin films as schottky photodiode
Authors: Ali Liqaa S , Shehab Aliyah A , Abd Ahmed N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nickel oxide was prepared using the chemical method. Li-doped NiO thin films with concentrations (0.04) was deposited on glass substrate using drop casting technique with thickness 150nm, and then the annealing at 300 ° C for 60 sec. The effect of the lithium doping on the structural and optical properties of Li: NiO films were examined. The structure of the prepared films were described by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results of X-ray pattern showed the NiO and Li: NiO films to have a polycrystalline structure of a cubic type and preferred orientation (111). (AFM) data indicated that the structure was nanoscale and surface of the films is highly smooth. The study of optical properties included the transmittance spectrum of the prepared films of the wavelengths of (300-900) nm, It was found that the transmittance of pure nickel oxide is 79% in the visible area after doping by Li The transmittance decreases and the absorption increases. The energy gap was also calculated and found to be decreasing by increasing the doping concentration. Other important optical properties of the absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient were calculated. The electrical properties of the prepared films were studied, It was found that the concentration of the carriers increases with increasing doping concentration and mobility decreases. The thin films were deposited on a substrate of FTO to make of schottky diode. The characteristics of I-V, C-V were studied. A solar cell was found the efficiency of the cell was increased by doping.
An Investigation of the Effect of Time Exposure of Nonthermal Plasma on the Optical Properties of CdO Thin Film Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Saleem A Hussain , Noor H A , Ali A H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The optical properties of pure (CdO) films have been studied through the measuring of the absorbance spectrum and transmittance spectrum using (UV-VIS) spectrometer within the range of wavelengths (310-1100) nm, and the results showed that the electronic transitions of pure (CdO) films prepared have allowed direct transition type, and the optical energy gap type was identified and was direct energy gap and it was found that the value of the energy gap decreases when the deposition time increases by using (Nd:YAG) laser, and it was also found that the energy gap decreases by the increase of the exposure time to non-thermal plasma. It was observed that the increase of laser deposition time leads to the decrease of the absorbance before the exposure to non-thermal plasma, but the absorbance increases by the increase of the exposure to non-thermal plasma. Absorption Coefficient was also calculated and its value was higher than (α > 104 cm-1) in the high absorption region.
Investigation of uranium concentrations in selected soil samples of Al-Diwaniyah governorate, Iraq using CR-39 detector
Authors: Al-Gharabi Majied G. , Al-Hamzawi Anees A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the present investigation, neutron activation technique for nuclear track detectors CR-39 has been applied to determine the uranium concentration in selected soil samples collected from different areas residential, industrial and agricultural of Al-Diwaniyah governorate southern Iraq, with various depths of soil (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm), respectively. The results show that the uranium contents in soil samples ranged from 3.66 ± 0.13 ppm to 0.71 ± 0.16 ppm, with an average value of 2.1 ± 0.12 ppm. Results of this work showed a decrease of uranium concentration with increased depth of soil. The results were compared with the published data and they were found to be within the safety levels.
Impact of Al-Rasheed Power Plant Effluents on Phytoplankton Biodiversity in Tigris River, Southern Baghdad
Authors: Nashaat Muhanned R , Merhoon Khitam A , Salman Suad K , Abbas Enaam K , Ali Eman H 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of Al-Rasheed Power Plant(RPP) effluents on biodiversity of phytoplankton. Samples were collected monthly from January to December 2012, at four sites that were selected on the Tigris River at Baghdad Province. Site 1 was located at the up of RPP, sites 3,4 were located at the down of RPP, while site 2 was located near RPP. The results shown that the total number of the phytoplankton range from 51.7 - 9146.89 cell * 103/L, which was recorded at site1 and 3, respectively, with average range from1486.68-2053.27 which was recorded at site 1and 4, respectively. According to the relative abundance index all species where rare, exceptCyclotellasp. were less abundant species. The Species richness, Shannon Winner and uniformity index values were ranging from 3.71-21.12, 0.3-3.28 bit/Ind. and 0.13 -0.71 at site 2 and 3 respectively, whereas the average value for same index was from 12.42-15.15 at 2 and 1 site; 1.93- 2.34bit/Ind. at 2 and 3 site, and 0.52-0.62 at 2and 4 site, respectively. Generally the result showed a negative effect of thermal effluent on biodiversity and phytoplankton community. Also, the water of Tigris River was considered a poor diversity and polluted especially at site 2.