bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermomechanical characterization of basalt fiber reinforced biodegradable polymers
Authors: Chatiras Nikolaos , Georgiopoulos Panayiotis , Christopoulos Aggelos , Kontou Evagelia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the present study the effectiveness of two different biodegradable polymers, namely Polylactic acid (PLA) and ECOVIO (EC), a blend of a copolyester and PLA, as matrix materials for basalt fiber composites, prepared with the “film stacking method” has been investigated. Comparison with composites based on glass fiber mat has also been performed. The addition of basalt fibers, leads to a significant improvement in tensile and flexural strength and stiffness. The ECOVIO/basalt fiber composites exhibited the highest percentage enhancement, while the failure strain decreased dramatically. Therefore, the basalt fabrics appear to have a competitive mechanical performance with the glass fiber mats employed.
Photoiniferter surface grafting of poly(methyl acrylate) using xanthates
Authors: Ramakers Gijs , Rubens Maarten , Krivcov Alexander , Möbius Hildegard , Trouillet Vanessa , Welle Alexander , Junkers Tanja 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe UV‐induced and catalyst‐free photoiniferter surface grafting using xanthate RAFT agents is studied. First, a novel silane containing a xanthate RAFT agent moiety is synthesized and successfully grafted onto a silicon wafer as confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Next, using only methyl acrylate, solvent and UV light (365 nm) polymer brushes are grafted rapidly from the surface with film thicknesses up to 25 nm reached within half an hour. The obtained polymer films are thoroughly analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ToF‐SIMS, and AFM. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2002–2007
Aromatic amine‐terminated polysulfide oligomer: Synthesis and application in self‐healable polyurea
Authors: Gao Wentong , Xu Jianwei , Zuo Pengfei , Dong Hao , Quan Yiwu , Chang Pengshan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe dynamic chemistry of disulfide bonds has emerged as one of the most powerful tools used for the fabrication of organic compounds and self‐healing materials. In this article, a novel aromatic amine‐terminated polysulfide oligomer is first synthesized from thiol‐terminated polysulfide oligomer and bis(4‐aminophenyl) disulfide via disulfide metathesis mechanism. The resulting oligomer is confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectra and then successfully applied in constructing self‐healable polyurea material (A‐LP23‐I), which combines the advantages of higher strength of polyureas and excellent self‐healing ability of polysulfide‐based materials. After subjecting to a temperature of 75 °C for 48 h, both the tensile strength and ultimate elongation of A‐LP23‐I restore to more than 90% of the original values (3.32 MPa and 396%). This study demonstrates a novel strategy for synthesizing aromatic amine‐terminated oligomer. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1460–1466
Highly Selective Hydrogenation of Tetralin to cis‐Decalin Using Ru Catalyst
Authors: Wang Qian , Hou Yunchan , Zhao Haiyang , Li Yuqing , Jia Aijing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh activity Ru catalyst was prepared for the first time to produce cis‐decalin from tetralin hydrogenation. Supercritical CO2‐methanol method was used to prepare Ru supported catalyst. Using this catalyst, the yield of cis‐decalin could reach as high as 92.52%. Furthermore, the catalyst remained a high activity after five cycles.
Substituent Effect on the Properties of pH Fluorescence Probes Containing Pyridine Group
Authors: Zhang Caihong , Li Miao , Liang Wenting , Zhang Guomei , Fan Li , Yao Qingjia , Shuang Shaomin , Dong Chuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA series of 4–styrylpyridine (SYP) pH fluorescence probes with different substituents (–NH2, –OH, –H, –Br, –NO2) on para–benzene ring were developed. These compounds exhibited good pH–dependent performance that their spectra red–shifted upon protonation of pyridine N–atom and blue–shifted upon deprotonation. These sensors utilized the substituent on the para–benzene ring as electron donor and worked by intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) under acidic pH conditions. The pH detection range and pKa value of them were tuned by the electron–donor ability of substituents. The pKa had a significant linear correlation with the Hammett constant (σp) of substituent, the pKa was larger when the Hammett constant of substituent was larger.
A Flexible Film toward High‐Performance Lithium Storage: Designing Nanosheet‐Assembled Hollow Single‐Hole Ni–Co–Mn–O Spheres with Oxygen Vacancy Embedded in 3D Carbon Nanotube/Graphene Network
Authors: Li Sesi , Zhao Xuebing , Feng Yuzhang , Yang Liting , Shi Xiaofeng , Xu Pingdi , Zhang Jie , Wang Peng , Wang Min , Che Renchao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTernary transition metal oxides (TMOs) are highly potential electrode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to abundant defects and synergistic effects with various metal elements in a single structure. However, low electronic/ionic conductivity and severe volume change hamper their practical application for lithium storage. Herein, nanosheet‐assembled hollow single‐hole Ni–Co–Mn oxide (NHSNCM) spheres with oxygen vacancies can be obtained through a facile hydrothermal reaction, which makes both ends of each nanosheet exposed to sufficient free space for volume variation, electrolyte for extra active surface area, and dual ion diffusion paths compared with airtight hollow structures. Furthermore, oxygen vacancies could improve ion/electronic transport and ion insertion/extraction process of NHSNCM spheres. Thus, oxygen‐vacancy‐rich NHSNCM spheres embedded into a 3D porous carbon nanotube/graphene network as the anode film ensure efficient electrolyte infiltration into both the exterior and interior of porous and open spheres for a high utilization of the active material, showing an excellent electrochemical performance for LIBs (1595 mAh g−1 over 300 cycles at 2 A g−1, 441.6 mAh g−1 over 4000 cycles at 10 A g−1). Besides, this straightforward synthetic method opens an efficacious avenue for the construction of various nanosheet‐assembled hollow single‐hole TMO spheres for potential applications.
Green, infrared‐assisted extraction based on statistical modeling for ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography determination of bioactive isoflavones from Puerariae Lobatae
Authors: Li Hua , He Jingxia , Yin Rongli , Mou Qianqian , Bai Yuqi , Yang Bin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe developed a green infrared‐assisted extraction method for the determination of 3′‐hydroxy puerarin, puerarin, daidzin, genistin, and daidzein in Pueraria lobata. After a simultaneous optimization of Box–Behnken design and desirability function, the developed method provided better isoflavone extraction efficiencies with a lower solvent consumption and shorter extraction time than other methods. The optimized extraction used an extraction time of 8 min, solid–liquid ratio of 1:100, and ethanol volume fraction of 60%. Additionally, ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography was used for identification and quantification of the five isoflavones. Our method showed good linearity (r >0.999) over wide concentration ranges. The ranges for the limits of detection and quantitation were 0.03–0.09 μg/mL and 0.14–0.44 μg/mL, respectively, the recovery range was 98.38–103.37%, and the run time was 5.5 min. This approach is efficient, economical, and eco‐friendly, and shows promise for rapid extraction and quantitative analysis of bioactive isoflavones from Pueraria lobata.
State‐selective single‐electron capture in 30‐keV N3+–He collisions
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Zhu Xiaolong , Feng Wentian , Zhao Dongmei , Huang Weizhe , Guo Dalong , Gao Yong , Zhang Shaofeng , Shan Xu , Chen Xiangjun , Ma Xinwen 
Published: May 2019

The cold‐target recoil‐ion momentum spectroscopy has been employed to study the single‐electron‐capture processes in collisions of N3+ ions with He atoms at an impact energy of 30 keV. From the longitudinal momentum spectrum of recoil ions, the different electronic configuration was identified, and the metastable projectile ions were distinguished. For the ground‐state N3+(2s2 1S) projectile, the single‐electron capture into the N2+(2s22p 2P) state is the dominant reaction channel, whereas for the metastable‐state N3+(2s2p 3P) projectile, the single‐electron capture into the N2+(2s2p2 2D) state is the main reaction channel. The fraction of the metastable‐state N3+(2s2p 3P) of the incident projectile beam is about 46%. The relative differential cross sections for the capture to different orbitals of N3+ ions are obtained and are compared with other experiments at low energy and the predictions of the classical over‐the‐barrier model.
Density of Liquid Niobium and Tungsten and the Estimation of Critical Point Data
Authors: Leitner M. , Pottlacher G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Density as a function of temperature was measured for the liquid transition metals niobium and tungsten by means of ohmic pulse-heating. The generated data are extensively compared to the existing literature data, and the uncertainty is critically assessed according to the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). Starting from the obtained liquid-phase density regression, the phase diagram, and the critical point, i.e., critical temperature

$$T_{\mathrm {c}}$$

T
c

and critical density

$$\rho _{\mathrm {c}}$$

ρ
c

of niobium and tungsten are estimated. The so-obtained critical point for these two high-melting metals is compared to the data available in the existing literature.
Outreach in Archaeology with Agent-Based Modeling: Part 3 of 3
Authors: Crabtree Stefani A. , Harris Kathryn , Davies Benjamin , Romanowska Iza 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA major challenge facing archaeologists is communicating our research to the
public. Thankfully, new computational tools have enabled the testing and
visualization of complex ideas in an easily packageable format. In this article
we illustrate not only how agent-based modeling provides a platform for
communicating complex ideas, but also how these game-like computer models can be
explored and manipulated by members of the public therefore increasing their
engagement in archaeological explanations. We suggest that these new digital
tools serve as an excellent aid for education on the importance of
archaeological sites and artifacts. To illustrate the above we walk the reader
through a step-by-step pipeline of how to run an ABM model as an experiment and
how to export it into a form ready to be sent to SHPO and THPO offices in tandem
with reports. Ultimately, we hope that this work will help demystify the
computational archaeology process and lead to more fluency in using agent-based
modeling in research and outreach.
Faculty development in the age of competency-based medical education: A needs assessment of Canadian emergency medicine faculty and senior trainees
Authors: Stefan Alexandra , Hall Justin N. , Sherbino Jonathan , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) emergency medicine (EM) programs transitioned to the Competence by Design training framework in July 2018. Prior to this transition, a nation-wide survey was conducted to gain a better understanding of EM faculty and senior resident attitudes towards the implementation of this new program of assessment.MethodsA multi-site, cross-sectional needs assessment survey was conducted. We aimed to document perceptions about competency-based medical education, attitudes towards implementation, perceived/prompted/unperceived faculty development needs. EM faculty and senior residents were nominated by program directors across RCPSC EM programs. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.ResultsBetween February and April 2018, 47 participants completed the survey (58.8% response rate). Most respondents (89.4%) thought learners should receive feedback during every shift; 55.3% felt that they provided adequate feedback. Many respondents (78.7%) felt that the ED would allow for direct observation, and most (91.5%) participants were confident that they could incorporate workplace-based assessments (WBAs). Although a fair number of respondents (44.7%) felt that Competence by Design would not impact patient care, some (17.0%) were worried that it may negatively impact it. Perceived faculty development priorities included feedback delivery, completing WBAs, and resident promotion decisions.ConclusionsRCPSC EM faculty have positive attitudes towards competency-based medical education-relevant concepts such as feedback and opportunities for direct observation via WBAs. Perceived threats to Competence by Design implementation included concerns that patient care and trainee education might be negatively impacted. Faculty development should concentrate on further developing supervisors’ teaching skills, focusing on feedback using WBAs.
Parochialism and Implications for Chinese Firms’ Globalization
Authors: Feng Jing Betty , Liu Leigh Anne , Jiang Chunyan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTWe explore the meaning of parochialism (xiao nong yi shi, 小农意识) to explain certain paradoxical Chinese managerial behaviors. We discuss how cultural, political, and economic traditions in China formed a salient context to cultivate parochialism. Qualitative data from Chinese and American managers reveal that the conceptual framework of parochialism includes a cognitive dimension of closed-mindedness, a behavioral dimension of self-protection, and a relational dimension of in-group focused social relationship. Parochialism hampers effective globalization of Chinese firms because it negatively impacts key facets of organizational culture: employee development, communication, customer orientation, social responsibility, strategic planning, and innovation. The study offers theoretical and practical implications for Chinese management research and the development of global competence.
Civil Code Revision in Germany: The Experience in the Field of Contract Law
Authors: Kötz Hein 
Published: May 2019

In November 1964 the then Minister of Justice stated in the Knesset:
The Members of Knesset surely know that shortly after assuming office I outlined a broad plan to liberate the Israeli law from the shackles of foreign laws and foreign languages. The plan relates first to the Ottoman legislation which is still in force, in particular the civil law compilation known as the Mejelle, and also to Mandatory legislation. The intention is to replace the various chapters of the Mejelle with original Israeli statutes and perhaps later, at a second stage, to unify these statutes with other special statutes in one complete and homogeneous tractate that will serve as an exhaustive civil code.
Self-Defence, International Law, and the Six Day War
Authors: Miller Edward 
Published: May 2019

“As long as war is regarded as wicked,it will always have its fascination.”Oscar WildeAccording to the textbooks, the unfettered right of a state to go to war was, until modern times, regarded as one of the essential trappings of statehood, an indispensable aspect of sovereignty. Such a broad assertion does however require qualification, as ever since the time of Saint Augustine, scholars have attempted to set limits to the extent of the state's discretion to go to war. The task has not been an easy one, and it may indeed aptly be remarked that “Warfare has been as difficult to justify satisfactorily in theory as it has been endemic in practice”.
Voidable Title
Authors: Lerner Shalom 
Published: May 2019

The sale of property by a non-owner is an important question in many legal systems. The problem is more acute in the case of movables, since with immovable property the existence of a register of title allows the buyer to check with relative ease whether the seller is in fact the owner. There is usually no register of title to movable property, and the buyer will usually identify the holder of goods who is offering them for sale as their owner.There are three parties involved in the problem: A — the real or original owner, B — the seller, and C — the buyer. B may be a thief, a finder or A's bailee, or he may have obtained the property from A by misrepresentation, and so forth. In many cases it is impossible to obtain satisfaction from B, either because he cannot be traced or because he is insolvent, and the question of who owns the property, A or C, then assumes vital importance.
The Computerization of Society
Authors: Freese Jan 
Published: May 2019

From the first, when human beings started to communicate with each other, information carried a message. The Information Society was born as soon as the first human creatures exchanged information.Over history, information, like everything else, has developed and changed character. Information still carried a message, but rather quickly it must have also become power. When Francis Bacon coined the expression “Knowledge is power”, at the end of the 16th century, it had already been a truth for millions of years. Knowledge postulates information.
Compelling Medical Examinations of Litigants: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Goldstein Stephen 
Published: May 2019

Compelling litigants to undergo medical examinations or tests raises a very clear problem of conflicting values. On the one hand, compelling any person to undergo a physical examination or test against his will is a clear impingement on his rights of liberty, privacy and bodily integrity. On the other hand, there are situations in which without such examinations or tests of a civil litigant the right of his adversary to fair and properly conducted litigation would be frustrated.In this article, we will discuss how four different legal systems have attempted to balance these conflicting rights in their development of rules concerning such medical examinations. We will discuss rather fully three systems that are viewed as following common law procedure – namely, those of England, the United States and Israel – and compare them with that of Italy, as an example of the Romanist civil law countries.
Some Aspects of Prisoner-of-war Status According to the Geneva Protocol I of 1977
Authors: Bar-Yaacov Nissim 
Published: May 2019

The Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, convened by the Swiss Federal Council, held four sessions in Geneva during the years 1974–1977. On 8 June 1977, the Conference adopted by consensus two Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, the first relating to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts (Protocol I), and the second relating to the protection of victims of noninternational armed conflicts (Protocol II).The states invited to the Conference were all the states Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, and such states non-Parties as were members of the United Nations. 126 states were represented at the first session, 121— at the second, 106—at the third and 109—at the fourth.
The International Legal Personality of the EEC and its Treaty-Making Power
Authors: Shachor-Landau Chava 
Published: May 2019

The second half of the twentieth century is witnessing a tremendous development of the concept of international organizations as “subjects” of international law. These “subjects” are endowed with international legal personality and with powers—express or implied—to achieve their declared objectives.The corner-stone to this new edifice was erected as long ago as 1949 by the International Court of Justice in its Advisory Opinion on Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations. The Court examined the purposes and principles set out in the Charter of the U.N. and concluded
that the Organization is an international person.… [I]t is a subject of international law and capable of possessing international rights and duties, and… it has capacity to maintain its rights by bringing international claims.… . Under international law, the Organization must be deemed to have those powers which, though not expressly provided in the Charter, are conferred upon it by necessary implication as being essential to the performance of its duties.
RELAZIONE FRA ELEZIONI E REFERENDA NEGLI ANNI SETTANTA
Authors: Arculeo Antonella , Marradi Alberto 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneQuesto saggio riporta i risultati di una ricerca che, iniziata con interessi esclusivamente politologici, si è trovata a dover affrontare problemi metodologici che, oltre a presentare rilevante interesse di per sé, condizionavano in modo decisivo le risposte agli interrogativi sostanziali.
GOVERNI DI MINORANZA E DEMOCRAZIE PARLAMENTARI
Authors: Strøm Kaare 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneI governi di minoranza sono soluzioni anomale nelle democrazie parlamentari. Tale tipo di governo può essere definito come un governo composto da rappresentanti di partiti che, in totale, controllano meno della metà dei seggi parlamentari. Le alternative ai governi di minoranza sono due: 1) governi di maggioranza, 2) amministrazioni non-partitiche.
L'ATTIVITÀ LEGISLATIVA DEI GOVERNI (1948–83)
Authors: Motta Riccardo 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneL'attività legislativa dei governi che si sono succeduti nella quinta (1968–72), sesta (1972–76), settima (1976–79) e ottava (1979–83) legislatura è già stata parzialmente analizzata in alcune ricerche (specie in riferimento alla quinta e alla settima legislatura), ma ancora manca un quadro di insieme che ricomponga i vari problemi emersi nel corso di questo quindicennio. La presente ricerca cerca di colmare, per alcuni aspetti, questa lacuna e costituisce una prima indagine sugli aspetti quantitativi più rilevanti delle quattro legislature attraverso l'analisi dei disegni di legge governativi (d'ora in avanti ddl) approvati e di quelli non approvati.
È POSSIBILE PREDIRE I RISULTATI ELETTORALI? ILLUSTRAZIONE DI UN METODO
Authors: Budge Ian 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzionePredizioni accurate possono essere avanzate sulla base di estrapolazioni molto semplici: per esempio anticipando che ciò che è successo nell'ultima occasione si ripeterà in questa; oppure che ciò che è successo più frequentemente nel passato avverrà di nuovo. Queste estrapolazioni sono insoddisfacenti da un punto di vista teorico, in quanto non dicono alcunché sui fattori ed i processi che determinano il risultato e, soprattutto, perché non è possibile sapere se, nella specifica occasione, l'estrapolazione sia lo strumento predittivo appropriato o se, al contrario, ci condanni a cattivi risultati. Per questi motivi è necessario disporre di un modello esplicativo per giustificare e sostenere una procedura predittiva.
POPULISMO: DESTRA O SINISTRA?
Authors: Curtis Michael 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneL'obiettivo della chiarezza è un problema professionale che non riguarda solo gli studiosi di politica. Come ha osservato Mary Douglas, infatti, «l'esigenza di criteri ben definiti e di concetti chiari fa parte della condizione umana. Ma quando ne entriamo in possesso, siamo costretti a constatare che alcuni fatti continuano a sfuggire loro, oppure a chiudere un occhio sull'inadeguatezza dei nostri concetti». La mancanza di esattezza, chiarezza, o precisione della terminologia politica è un fenomeno fin troppo noto agli studiosi. Sin da Aristotele, molti convengono che il rigore della matematica mal si attaglia alla filosofia morale e politica. Eppure, l'analisi politica richiede definizioni di termini e classificazioni motivate di idee e di sistemi, anche se tali sforzi sono controverse e devono procedere cautamente quando riguardano parole che — diceva Bacone — «retroagiscono sulla nostra comprensione».