bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes care in pediatric refugees from Africa or Middle East: experiences from Germany and Austria based on real-world data from the DPV registry
Authors: Prinz Nicole , Konrad Katja , Brack Christoph , Hahn Eva , Herbst Antje , Icks Andrea , Grulich-Henn Jürgen , Jorch Norbert , Kastendieck Christian , Mönkemöller Kirsten , Razum Oliver , Steigleder-Schweiger Claudia , Witsch Michael , Holl Reinhard W , _ _ 
Published: May 2019

Objective
With increasing migration to Europe, diabetes diagnosis and treatment of refugees became challenging. To describe the current experience with pediatric refugees in Germany and Austria.

Design and Methods
43,137 patients (<21 years) with type 1 diabetes from the diabetes patient follow-up registry (DPV) were studied and divided by refugee status into patients born in Middle East (n = 365) or Africa (n = 175) and native patients (child and parents born in Germany/Austria; G/A: n = 42,597). Groups were compared using multivariable regression adjusted for age, sex and diabetes duration (SAS 9.4). In refugees the first year after arrival was studied, and for native children the most recent year of care.

Results
After adjustment, HbA1c was highest in refugees (1. ME and 2. AFR vs 3. G/A: 72.3 ± 1.0 and 75.0 ± 1.4 vs 66.0 ± 0.1 mmol/mol, 1 vs 3: P < 0.001 and 2 vs 3: P < 0.001) and microalbuminuria (9.9 and 13.6 vs 6.5%, 1 vs 3: P = 0.039 and 2 vs 3: P = 0.002) was more prevalent. African children experienced severe hypoglycemia (17.8 ± 4.3 and 25.4 ± 8.7 vs 11.5 ± 0.3 per 100 patient years, 1 vs 3: P > 0.05 and 2 vs 3: P = 0.045) significantly more often, whereas hypoglycemia with coma (5.1 ± 1.1 and 4.1 ± 1.6 vs 2.6 ± 0.1 per 100 patient years, 1 vs 3: P = 0.006 and 2 vs 3: P > 0.05) and retinopathy (2.1 and n/a vs 0.2%, 1 vs 3: P < 0.001) were significantly more common in children from Middle East compared to natives. Insulin pumps were used in a markedly larger proportion of native patients (7.4 and 13.2 vs 43.0%, 1 vs 3: P < 0.001 and 2 vs 3: P < 0.001).

Conclusions
A relevant number of pediatric refugees with type 1 diabetes are treated in German/Austrian diabetes clinics. Refugee children, parents and caregivers are faced with several problems in diabetes therapy and outcome that should be addressed more intensively by pediatric diabetes teams.
Acute intravenous acyl ghrelin infusion induces thirst but does not affect sodium excretion: two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover studies in hypopituitary patients
Authors: Vestergaard Esben T , Møller Niels , Andersen René Frydensbjerg , Rittig Søren , Jørgensen Jens Otto Lunde 
Published: May 2019

Objective
Acyl ghrelin, which is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, potently stimulates pituitary growth hormone release, and to some degree adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin. Ghrelin is also orexigenic and has recently been shown to stimulate renal sodium absorption in rodent models. Increased thirst sensation has been observed as a side effect of acyl ghrelin administration in some human studies. The objective of this clinical trial was to investigate the direct effects of acyl ghrelin on thirst sensation and sodium excretion in hypopituitary patients.

Design
Hypopituitary patients on stable replacement with hydrocortisone and growth hormone were investigated in two double-blind and placebo-controlled crossover studies. The patients received a 5-h intravenous infusion of acyl ghrelin (5 pmol/kg/min in the first study and 1 pmol/kg/min in the second study). Thirst sensation was measured on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). In the second study plasma osmolality, vasopressin, copeptin, water intake, diuresis and urinary excretion of sodium and creatinine were measured.

Results
In the initial study, acyl ghrelin (5 pmol/kg/min) increased thirst sensation (time × treatment analysis of variance for the effect of acyl ghrelin infusion P = 0.003). In the second study acyl ghrelin (1 pmol/kg/min) also increased thirst (P = 0.04) but did not affect urinary excretion of either sodium or water.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that acyl ghrelin infusion increases thirst sensation, without affecting sodium excretion or diuresis in human subjects.
Injury Incidence in Youth, High School, and NCAA Men’s Lacrosse
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Roos Karen G. , Lincoln Andrew E. , Morris Sarah , Yeargin Susan W. , Grant Jon , Covassin Tracey , Dodge Thomas , Nittoli Vincent C. , Mensch James , Quetant Sara L. , Wasserman Erin B. , Dompier Thomas P. , Caswell Shane V. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:
We compared injury incidence and mechanisms among youth, high school (HS), and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) boys’ and men’s lacrosse athletes for the 2014–2015 to 2016–2017 lacrosse seasons.

METHODS:
Multiple injury surveillance systems were used to capture 21 youth boys’, 22 HS boys’, and 20 NCAA men’s lacrosse team-seasons of data during the 2014–2015 to 2016–2017 seasons. Athletic trainers reported game and practice injuries and athlete exposures (AEs). Injuries included those occurring during a game and/or practice and requiring evaluation from an athletic trainer and/or physician. Injury counts, rates per 1000 AEs, and injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

RESULTS:
The injury rate in youth was higher than those reported in HS (10.3 vs 5.3 per 1000 AEs; IRR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.6–2.4) and the NCAA (10.3 vs 4.7 per 1000 AEs; IRR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.9–2.5). When considering time loss injuries only (restricted participation of ≥24 hours), the injury rate in youth was lower than those reported in HS (2.0 vs 2.9 per 1000 AEs; IRR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–0.95) and the NCAA (2.0 vs 3.3 per 1000 AEs; IRR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.8). The concussion rate in youth was higher than those in HS (0.7 vs 0.3 per 1000 AEs; IRR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1–5.2) and the NCAA (0.7 vs 0.3 per 1000 AEs; IRR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2–3.7). Injuries at the youth, HS, and NCAA levels were most commonly associated with stick contact, inflammatory conditions (including bursitis, tendonitis, and other unspecified inflammation), and noncontact mechanisms, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although the time loss injury rate was lowest in youth boys’ lacrosse, the concussion rate was the highest. Injury prevention approaches should be specific to the mechanisms associated with each level of play (eg, equipment skill development in youth).
THE INFLUENCE OF TANNIN PREPARATIONS ON THE CONTENT AND FORM OF ANTHOCYANINS OF MODEL WINE SYSTEMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF INDUCED OXIDATION
Authors: Bilko М. , Ishchenko М. , Tsyhankova О. , Yakovenko Т. , Кyrpel Т. 
Published: May 2019

The article considers how oenological tannins effect on the content of anthocyanins, phenolic substances, and their forms that influence the stability of the colour of rosé and red wines. The research material was wine model systems that underwent induced oxidation for a week at a temperature of 45±5 °C with limited access of air. Tannins of different botanical origin were used in the study: hydrolyzable ones – Oaktan FU (oak wood), Tannal W4 (Tara pods), CW Tannal (chestnut wood), and Tannal W2 (gallnuts); and condensed ones – Tannin WG (grape stones), Taniraisin (grape skin), Tannal QW (quebracho wood). The source of anthocyanins was an alcohol extract from the skins of European red grapes. It was obtained by 24 hours long extraction with ethyl alcohol, and with the addition of hydrochloric acid (0.01%). It has been determined that in the course of induced oxidation, the content of phenolic compounds tends to decrease in a wavelike manner in all samples. The anthocyanin content reduces intensively and becomes practically twice as low on the first day of oxidation. The total amount of phenolic compounds becomes 2 to 6 times lower depending on the variant of the experiment. It has been established that condensed tannins of grape origin contribute to the preservation of the total content of phenolic substances (including anthocyanins) in wine, unlike hydrolyzable tannins obtained from other plants. But their application leads to polymerization of anthocyanins, which will result in the appearance of yellow-brown pigments in the red colour of wine. Hydrolyzable tannins obtained from gallnuts and tara trees preserve the red colour of wine for a long time, unlike condensed tannins, due to their antioxidant capacity. Hydrolyzable tannins obtained from tara and quebracho trees will help obtain wine with rich red shades.
The relationship of epicardial obesity and levels of cardiac fibrosis markers
Authors: Gritsenko O. V. , Chumakova G. A. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Shevlyakov I. V. 
Published: May 2019

Lipotoxic myocardial damage with its fibrosis and subsequent formation of heart failure may develop due to epicardial obesity (EO). The possibility of early diagnosis of lipotoxic cardiac fibrosis is not well understood.Aim.To study the relationship of EO with the level of myocardial fibrosis markers.Material and methods.The study included 80 men aged 54,3±8,2 with grades I-III obesity. The level of metabolic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), soluble leptin receptor and free fatty acids was determined for all patients; the presence of EO was determined by echocardiography with epicardial fat thickness (EFT) ≥7 mm. Coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were the exclusion criteria of the study.Results.The patients were divided into 2 groups: group I with EO (n=49) and group II without EO (n=31). Group I showed a statistically significant increase in the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin, a decrease in adiponectin, as well as an increase in all studied myocardial fibrosis markers. In addition, in the group with EO, a positive relationship between the EFT and TNF-α (r=0,29; p=0,041), IL-6 (r=0,28; p=0,049), leptin (r=0,41; p=0,004) and a negative relationship with the level of adiponectin (r=-0,29; p=0,042). We determine a significant effect of the degree of EO on the increase in the level of cardiac fibrosis markers (r=0,28, p=0,049), collagen (r=0,33, p=0,019), transforming growth factor-β (r=0,29, p=0,045).Conclusion.The results suggest that elevated levels of profibrotic factors in patients with EO may be signs of the presence of preclinical, and therefore, earlier lipotoxic myocardial fibrosis, which was not detected during echocardiographic research in the form of diastolic dysfunction.
Possibilities of non-drug correction of menopausal disorders in women with metabolic syndrome: focus on prothrombogenic potential of the blood and pro-inflammatory status
Authors: Berihanova R. R. , Minenko I. A. 
Published: May 2019

Aim. To study the dynamics of hemostasis, markers of systemic inflammation on the background of non-drug correction of menopausal disorders in women with metabolic syndrome (MS).Material and methods. Three hundred thirty women 45-50 years old with MS and menopausal disorders are divided into 5 groups. Basic treatment received all women. In the study group and comparison groups, the following were included in the treatment program: physiotherapy exercises, drinking balneotherapy, oral multivitamins and minerals, as well as physical factors in various combinations (vibrotherapy, chromotherapy, melotherapy, aromatherapy, aero ionotherapy). The concentration of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), hemostasis parameters were determined in dynamics.Results. After 6 months of use of all medical complexes with physiotherapy in patients with menopausal syndrome of mild severity, a significant increase in the level of international normalized ratio (INR) was observed from 0,99 to 1,04, fibrinogen level regressed by 14,6-15,4%, CRP by 16,3-20,5% (p<0,05). In patients with climacteric syndrome of moderate severity, the best results were achieved when using the complex with a full set of all the listed factors: an increase in the INR level from 0,97 to 1,01, a decrease in the level of fibrinogen by 14,6%, and the CRP level — by 19,6% (p<0,05).Conclusion. Polymodal programs, including physiotherapy, improve hemostasis, provide reducing the level of inflammatory markers. In moderate climacteric disorders, the priority is given to the program with simultaneous use of vibrotherapy, chromotherapy, melotherapy, aromatherapy and aeroionotherapy.
Cell biology and histology in medicine: perception on education and student performance
Authors: Mantovani Ana Laura Sandoval , Lima Alba Regina De Abreu , Brienze Sérgio Luís Aparecido , Dos Santos Emerson Roberto , Fucuta Patrícia da Silva , André Júlio César 
Published: May 2019

The subjects areas of Cellular Biology and Histology, which underpin the microscopic field of Morphology and are included in the first years of the curriculum in a Medical course, are the pillars of medical education and for the clinical reasoning of future professionals. This study aimed to trace a teaching profile of Cellular Biology and Histology in the Medical courses which had participants in the selection process to fill vacancies by transfer, for the undergraduate course in the Medical School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) in 2017. This was a quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study and 132 academics participated. The results showed that, in most Higher Education Institutions, these disciplines are taught theoretically and practically. In the comparison between the theoretical performance of the students of traditional and active teaching-learning methodology, a higher number of hits in Histology and a better final grade were observed in the traditional. The deficiency pointed out by the students was a lack of laboratory sessions with viewing histological glass slides with light microscopes. Also, the aspect of teachers’ pedagogical practice and dynamic classes was shown to be fundamental to the students' interest, as well as to better satisfaction’s index in learning these areas. Furthermore, integrating these disciplines with the clinical practice of Medicine has proved to be relevant for academics, who feel more instigated to knowledge. In the present study, it was detected a better use in relation to the Histology by the students of the courses of traditional methodology, compared to those of active methodology and in this way the analysis done can to collaborate for the enrichment and reaffirmation of the fruits of the comparison of teaching-learning methodologies.
Çocuk ve adölesanlarda vücut kitle indeksi ortalama trombosit hacmini etkiler mi?
Authors: KARAKURT Neslihan , PELTEK KENDİRCİ Havva Nur 
Published: May 2019

Amaç: Çocukluk çağındaki
obezite ile ortalama platelet volümünün (MPV) ilişkisini araştıran çalışmalar
daha çok adölesan dönemi içermektedir. Daha küçük yaştaki çocuklardaki
obezitenin MPV’ye etkisi ve yaşa göre zayıf hastalarda MPV değişiklikleri
tanımlanmamıştır.Bu çalışmanın birinci sonlanım noktası obez, yaşa göre normal ve
düşük VKİ’ne sahip çocuk ve adölesanlarda MPV değerlerinin incelenmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Üç yıllık hastane verilerinden
yararlanılarak çocuk endokrinoloji polikliniğine başvuran hastaların dosyaları
retrospektif incelendi. Hastalar vücut kitle indekslerine göre obes, normal ve
zayıf olarak gruplara ayrıldı. Grupların MPV değerleri kıyaslandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya
dahil olan 261 çocuğun yaş ortalamaları 11,2± 3,7 (min:1,0, max:17,8) olup
%37,9 ‘u (n=99) obez, %27,6’sı (n=72)
yaşa göre zayıf, %34,5 ‘i (n=90) ise normal ağırlıkta (kontrol grubu) bulundu.
Tüm hastaların hemoglobin ve MPV değerleri normal aralıkta olup obez ve kontrol
gruplarında yaşa göre zayıf gruba göre yüksek bulundu. Ayrıca insülin
direnci olan/ olmayanlar arasında da MPV değerleri arasına istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı bir fark tespit edilemedi.

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda
literatürden farklı olarak MPV değerinin zayıf çocuklarda normal kiloda ve obez
olanlara göre düşük, ancak hepsinde de normal aralıkta olduğunu saptadık.
İnsülin direncinin MPV değerlerine etkisi olmadığını gösterdik. MPV
değerlerinin klinik uygulamalarda yeri ile ilgili daha çok çalışmaya ihtiyaç
vardır.
Challenges and visions in school music education: Focusing on Chinese and Lithuanian realities
Authors: Lasauskiene Jolanta , Sun Youdi 
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on music education in Chinese and Lithuanian schools, especially on the latest reforms of the national music curriculum for basic and general education. Due to the original reasons and historical development in the east and west, the philosophies of educations are different, resulting in differences in concepts of education, goals of education, methods of education, roles of teachers and students. The process of collecting information for music education in Lithuania and China will be explained in order to gain insight into specific issues related to each country. The resulting similarities and differences between Chinese and Lithuanian school music education are reported, and suggestions for basic and teacher education improvement are discussed. Most importantly, the findings of this study have highlighted that the notions of school music education in Lithuania and China are insignificantly different.
Keywords: Chinese general music education, music curriculum, music activities, Lithuanian general music education.
Validation of a questionnaire to measure job expectations and interests in university students
Authors: Jimenez Miguel Angel Fernandez , Rodriguez Esther Mena , Carrillo Victoria del Rocio Gomez 
Published: May 2019

The establishment of the European Higher Education Area has promoted an attempt to design a syllabus that is more related to the world of work. There is evidence to suggest that the transfer of skills that should be acquired by students throughout their university courses is not carried out in an appropriate way that prepares them for working life. In view of this, it is essential to understand university studentsâ€™ perceptions and assessments of relevant aspects of their entry into the labour market. To this end, an instrument was designed to evaluate university studentsâ€™ perception and assessment of future employment. In order to verify the reliability and measurement validity of the questionnaire, a pilot study was carried out with a sample of a total of 220 university students. The analyses carried out have proved the quality of the instrument in terms of adequate reliability and measurement validity.
Keywords: Evaluation questionnaire, labour insertion, labour expectations, reliability, validity.
School choice and private schooling: a comparative case-study between Greece and Sweden
Authors: Farazouli Alexandra 
Published: May 2019

Over the past three decades, privatisation and school choice have been introduced and embodied in the vocabulary of several national education policies. This study aiming to examine the phenomenon of private schooling and the factors that affect parental school choice outlined a comprehensive framework of the national policies about private schools and school choice in Greece and Sweden. The case study design of the research provided an in-depth exploration of the two national contexts, enriching the study with empirical data. Twenty semi-structured interviews with education professionals and parents from both countries shed light on the reasons behind the school choice towards private schools. Regarding the findings of the research, several kinds of educational inequalities and social segregation were identified because of the fact that not all parents have access to school choice under equal terms.
Keywords: School choice, private education, human capital theory, human rights theory, capability approach
How does cyberbullying affect the values of university youth?: Its' analysis in terms of education and mental health
Authors: Isik Burcin , Ozdemir Nurgul 
Published: May 2019

Cyberbullying is a systematic abuse of power which occurs through the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Research on cyberbullying shows that cyberbullying and victimisation have very serious negative effects on the value judgements, social, academic and emotional lives of young people. Persons exposed to cyberbullying include intense sadness and depression, feelings of fear and shame, tense experience, high or very low alertness, low interest in ICTs tools, problematic behaviours, decrease in school success, use of harmful substances or inconvenience, crime, substance abuse, frustration, anger, anxiety, loss of motivation, academic failure, school absenteeism and problems that can lead to suicide. The studies on cyberbullying will encourage young people to recognise this concept and use the technology in the right direction to cope with cyberbullying situations.
Keywords: Cyberbullying, university youth, education, mental health, technology
It’s not you, it’s the design - common problems with patient monitoring reported by anesthesiologists: a mixed qualitative and quantitative study.
Authors: Tscholl David , Handschin Lucas , Rössler Julian , Weiss Mona , Spahn Donat R. , Nöthiger Christoph B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Patient monitoring is critical for perioperative patient safety as anesthesiologists routinely make crucial therapeutic decisions from the information displayed on patient monitors. Previous research has shown that today's patient monitoring has room for improvement in areas such as information overload and alarm fatigue. The rationale of this study was to learn more about the problems anesthesiologists face in patient monitoring and to derive improvement suggestions for next-generation patient monitors.

METHODS
We conducted a two-center qualitative/quantitative study. Initially, we interviewed 120 anesthesiologists (physicians and nurses) about the topic: common problems with patient monitoring in your daily work. Through deductive and inductive coding, we identified major topics and sub themes from the interviews. In a second step, a field survey, a separate group of 25 anesthesiologists rated their agree- or disagreement with central statements created for all identified major topics.

RESULTS
We identified the following six main topics: 1. "Alarms," 2. "Artifacts," 3. "Software," 4. "Hardware," 5. "Human Factors," 6. "System Factors," and 17 sub themes. The central statements rated for the major topics were: 1. “problems with alarm settings complicate patient monitoring.” (96% agreed) 2. “artifacts complicate the assessment of the situation.” (56% agreed) 3. “information overload makes it difficult to get an overview quickly.” (56% agreed) 4. “problems with cables complicate working with patient monitors.” (88% agreed) 5. “factors related to human performance lead to critical information not being perceived.” (64% agreed) 6. “Switching between monitors from different manufacturers is difficult.” (88% agreed). The ratings of all statements differed significantly from neutral opinion (all p<0.03).

CONCLUSION
This study provides an overview of the problems anesthesiologists face in patient monitoring. Some of the issues, to our knowledge, were not previously identified as common problems in patient monitoring, e.g., hardware problems (e.g., cable entanglement and worn connectors), human factor aspects (e.g., fatigue and distractions), and systemic factor aspects (e.g., insufficient standardization between manufacturers). An ideal monitor should transfer the relevant patient monitoring information as efficiently as possible, prevent false positive alarms, and use technologies designed to improve the problems in patient monitoring.