bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometric Studies on the Action of Proteases on Pig Articular Cartilage
Authors: Schiller Jürgen , Arnhold Jürgen , Arnold Klaus 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are accompanied by a progradient diminution of the cartilage layer. Unfortunately, degradation mechanisms (role of different enzymes and reactive oxygen spe­cies) are not yet understood. Since nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was often used for the investigation of synovial fluids, the aim of the present work was to detect cartilage degradation products upon proteolytic digest of cartilage. Cartilage samples were incubated at 37 °C with phosphate buffer in the absence or pres­ence of different proteases (collagenase, trypsin and papain). Supernatants were subsequently assayed towards their content of carbohydrate and protein degradation products by NMR (1H-and 13C-) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Intense resonances of relatively mobile N-acetyl side chains (ca. 2.01 ppm) of polysaccha­ rides of cartilage were only detectable on digestion with papain. The appearance of these resonances indicates intense degradation of the core protein of proteoglycan aggregate of cartilage, whereby polysaccharides are released. Additionally, broad resonances at 0.85 ppm arising from collagen degradation products were observed upon the action of all applied proteases. However, glycine as a m arker of exhaustive collagen degradation was only ob­ served, if cartilage was digested by collagenase. Using more vigorous incubation conditions, additionally high-abundant amino acids of collagen (proline, hydroxyproline) could be de­ tected in the 13C-NMR-and the MALDI spectra. The observed differences are correlated with the different selectivities of the applied enzymes. It is concluded that NMR allows the detection of characteristic protein and polysaccharide degradation products. The observed differences may be of some relevance for the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases.
Water Permeability of Hypodermis Isolated from Clivia miniata Roots
Authors: Casado Carolina G. , Heredia Antonio 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The fine structure and water permeability of hypoder­mis isolated from roots of Clivia miniata have been studied. The hypodermis is composed of five layers of cells arranged in radial rows. The cell walls of these lay­ers consist of primary and tertiary walls and suberized secondary walls which are lamellated. Water perm eabil­ity of the isolates was low, around the value of 10-9 m s-1. This value was found independent of the pH solu­tion and of the ionic exchange capacity of the isolates. Suberin extraction increased water permeability one or­ der of magnitude.
Inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase by 5'-O-amino Acid and Oligopeptide Derivatives of Uridine: Structure-Activity Relationships
Authors: Naydenova Zlatina G. , Grancharov Konstantin C. , Alargov Dimitar K. , Golovinsky Evgeny V. , Stanoeva Ivanka M. , Shalamanova Liliana D. , Pajeva Ilza K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The inhibitory effect of a series of 5′-O-amino acid and oligopeptide derivatives of uridine on rat liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activities was investigated using two assay systems. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was performed. The compounds include a lipophilic residue linked to the nucleoside by a variable spacer. More­ over, half of the derivatives have two spacers linked to the uridine moiety. Compound 1, a serine derivative of isopropylideneuridine, was found to be the most potent inhibitor of both 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and phenolphthalein (PPh) glucuronidation, with an I50 of 0.45 mᴍ and 0.22 mᴍ , respectively. Kinetic studies with this substance revealed a mixed type of inhibition towards 4-NP and UDP-glucuronic acid, with apparent Ki values of 150 μᴍ and 120 μᴍ , respectively. The dipeptide derivatives 11-14 exhibited a low activity against 4-NP conjuga­ tion. However, a marked suppression of PPh glucuronidation was found with compounds 11 and 13. Generally, compounds with two spacers are more inhibitory against the UGT activi­ties studied. The QSAR analysis outlined the significance of the spacers with a minimum length of 5 atoms and lipophilic residues linked to them for the inhibitory effect of the compounds. The most significant contribution to this effect is given by the six-atom spacer for both, 4-NP and PPh substrates. 4-NP converting UGT isoforms seem to respond more specifically to the inhibitors: a five-atom for the first and a six-atom for the second spacer enhance binding to both 4-NP and PPh conjugating isoenzymes, while a long second spacer contributes to inhibitor binding to UGT isoforms only converting PPh.
The Effect of Prostaglandin E1 on in vitro Transcription of Sperm Chromatin, Isolated from Patients with Azoospermia, Teratospermia and Chronic Prostatitis
Authors: Pironcheva Ganka , Miteva Kremena , Russev George Ch. , Vaisberg Chaika , Zlatarev Stoyan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We have investigated the influence of Prostaglandin E1 on the in vitro transcription of chromatin, isolated from spermatozoa of patients suffering from different pathologies, leading to infertility, namely, azoospermia, teratospermia and chronic prostatitis. Our studies indicate that prostaglandin E, has a stimulatory effect both on in vitro transcription, on the number of RNA polymerase molecules and the polyribonucleotide elongation rates as compared to sperm chromatin from healthy patients. Tlie results on the incorporation of α-32P-ATP in to RNA in the presence and absence of Prostaglandin E1 correlate well with the data on the number of actively transcribing RNA polymerase molecules and the rate of RNA elongation, which might be due to low levels of prostaglandin E1 in human semen.
Comparing Properties of Brains and Computers
Authors: Stieve Hennig 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The criterion that pure natural science can only investigate objective phenomena which can be observed by independent observers sets certain limits to pure natural scientific under­ standing of brain functions. It excludes consciousness and feelings since these are only sub­ jectively accessible and alternatives cannot be decided objectively. The limitations of brain research are discussed by comparing the properties of brains and computers. At least for the time being we do not know of any natural scientific -i.e. physical or chemical -method which allows the objective measurement of consciousness, sensations, and emotions.
In addition it is discussed how and in how far our brain understands its surrounding nature.
Active Sensing -Closing Multiple Loops
Authors: König Peter , Luksch Harald 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this contribution, it is argued that the prevailing view of the sensory system as an intricate, but passive processor of external information does not capture the full complexity of brain performance. Instead, we try to reinforce a notion that sees the brain as a system embedded within the environment and actively exploring it. We will attempt to emphasize the bidirectional interaction between brain and environment at all levels of processing and at different scales of the system description. This modified approach to the understanding of the brain has profound consequences for experimental investigations, starting with the experimental design and extending into data analysis and interpretation.
Complete Sequence of Glycolytic Enzymes in the Mycorrhizal Basidiomycete, Suillus bovinus
Authors: Kowallik Wolfgang , Thiemann Meinolf , Huang Yi , Mutumba Gerard , Beermann Lisa , Broer Dagmar , Grotjohann Norbert 
Published: August 2018

Axenic cultures of Suillus bovinus were cultivated in inorganic liquid medium with glucose as a carbon source at 25 °C and continuous supply of oxygen by aeration with compressed air in the dark. Exogenous fructose as sole carbon source yielded about 50% less increase in dry weight than glucose. This resulted from different uptake velocities. Sucrose as sole exogenous carbon source yielded no measurable increase in dry weight.
In glucose cultures, activities of all glycolytic enzymes were found. Maximum specific activities varied largely (from about 60 [fructose 6-phosphate kinase] to about 20 000 [triosephosphate isomerase] nmoles · mg protein-1 · min-1). Apparent Km-values also varied over more than two orders of magnitude (0.035 mᴍ [pyruvate kinase] to 6.16 mᴍ [triosephosphate isomerase]). Fructose 6-phosphate kinase proved to be the fructose 2,6-bisphosphate-regulated type, aldolase the divalent cation-dependent (class II) type and glyceratephosphate mutase the glycerate 2,3-phosphate-independent type of the respective enzymes. Eight of the 10 enzymes exhibited pʜ-optima′ between 7.5-8.0. Triosephosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase showed highest activities at pʜ 6.5. Regulatory sites within the glycolytic pathway of Suillus bovinus are discussed; fructose 6-phosphate kinase appears to be its main bottle neck.
Thermophysical Properties of Gaseous H2S–N2 Mixtures from First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Hellmann Robert 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The cross second virial coefficient and three dilute gas transport properties (shear viscosity, thermal conductivity, and binary diffusion coefficient) of mixtures of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitrogen (N2) were determined with high accuracy at temperatures up to 1200 K using statistical thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of molecular gases, respectively. The required intermolecular potential energy surface (PES) for the H2S–N2 interaction is presented in this work, while the H2S–H2S and N2–N2 PESs were reported previously. All three PESs are based on high-level quantum-chemical ab initio (i.e. first-principles) calculations. There is only very limited experimental information available on the second virial coefficients of H2S–N2 mixtures, and there appear to be no experimental data at all for the transport properties. Thus, the present predictions constitute a substantial increase in our knowledge of the thermophysical properties of this system, which are of practical relevance for modeling sour natural gas.
Mathematics Learning Devices Development based on Realistic Mathematics Education on Probability
Authors: Sepriyanti Nana , Putri Evi Mega 
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this research is to develop mathematics learning devices in the form of Lesson Plan (RPP) and Student Assignment (LKPD) based Realistic Mathematics Education(RME) on probability materials in line with curriculum 2013. In addition, this research aims to describe the quality of developed learning devices in both validity and practicality aspects. This is a development research with 4D model including define, design, develop and disseminate. The researcher modified the development model by simplified the model through limit the research up to develop stage by considering the time and the cost. The define stage consists of: a) curriculum analysis; b) student analysis; and c) concept analysis. The design stage consists of: a) Lesson Plan design; b) Student Assignment design; c) instrument design and validation on assessment instrument of learning devices. Meanwhile, the develop stage consists of: a) the validation of learning devices by the expert and mathematics teacher; b) testing; and c) the questionnaire of both teacher and students responses. This research produces mathematics learning devices in the form of Lesson Plan and Student Assignment basedRealistic Mathematics Education (RME) on Probability materials class X. The research findings shows that according to expert and mathematics teacher assessment, the developed learning devices are valid with 3.25 on average for lesson plan and 3.48 on average for student assignment. The result of the teacher response on the questionnaire shows that student response and interview display that mathematics learning devices in the form of lesson plan and student assignment are practical to be used on mathematics learning particularly on probability materials with 3.50 on average for Lesson Plan and 3.30 on average for Student Assignment.
Alternate Endpoints for Phase II Trials in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Imaoka Hiroshi , Sasaki Mitsuhito , Takahashi Hideaki , Hashimoto Yusuke , Ohno Izumi , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Watanabe Kazuo , Umemoto Kumiko , Kimura Gen , Suzuki Yuko , Kan Motoyasu , Ikeda Masafumi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
In phase II trials for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), the objective response rate (ORR) is traditionally used as a primary endpoint. However, the validity of the ORR as a primary endpoint has never been systematically examined. Therefore, a literature-based analysis of phase II trials for NETs was performed to identify valid alternative endpoints for predicting median progression-free survival (PFS) in clinical trials for NETs.

Materials and Methods
Phase II trials of medical treatment for advanced NETs were identified based on a systematic search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

Results
A total of 22 trials were identified, and 1,310 patients and 27 treatment arms were included in the analysis. There was no significant relationship between the ORR and median PFS (r = .374; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.051 to 0.800; p = .085). Conversely, 12-month PFS rates showed very strong correlations with median PFS (r = .929; 95% CI, 0.831–1.027; p &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The results of the present analysis indicate that the ORR is not significantly correlated with median PFS and suggest that 12-month PFS rates are good alternate endpoints for screening phase II trials for NETs.

Implications for Practice
Phase II trials are screening trials that seek to identify agents with sufficient activity to continue development. Thus, earlier endpoints are preferable, and the objective response rate (ORR) has been traditionally used as a surrogate endpoint in phase II trials for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, the present study showed that the ORR was not significantly correlated with median progression-free survival (PFS). On the other hand, the 12-month PFS rate showed very strong correlation with median PFS and is considered a good alternate endpoint for screening phase II trials for NETs.
PEMISAHAN CESIUM DALAM PEB U3Si2/Al PASCA IRADIASI DENGAN METODE KOLOM PENUKAR KATION MENGGUNAKAN RESIN DOWEX
Authors: Nugroho Arif , Anggraini Dian , Boybul Boybul , Indaryati Sutri , Haryati Iis , Kriswarini Rosika , Ginting Aslina Br. 
Published: August 2018

PEMISAHAN CESIUM DALAM PEB U3Si2/Al PASCA IRADIASI DENGAN METODE KOLOM PENUKAR KATION MENGGUNAKAN RESIN DOWEX. Perhitungan burn up bahan bakar nuklir secara merusak dapat ditentukan dari kandungan hasil fisi isotop 137Cs. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pemisahan isotop 137Cs dengan uranium yang terdapat di dalam pelat elemen bakar (PEB) U3Si2/Al pasca iradiasi. Pemisahan 137Cs dilakukan dengan metode kolom penukar kation menggunakan resin Dowex dengan variasi berat 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 dan 6 g. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan isotop 137Cs di dalam PEB U3Si2/Al pasca iradiasi dan dibandingkan dengan kandungan 137Cs yang dipisahkan dengan metode penukar kation menggunakan zeolite Lampung dan metode pengendapan CsClO4. PEB U3Si2/Al densitas 2,96 gU/cm3 bagian tengah kode RI-SIE2 pelat sisi 20 IDA 0045 dengan berat 0,1103 g dilarutkan dengan HCl 6N dan HNO3 6N sehingga diperoleh larutan uranil nitrat. Larutan U3Si2/Al pasca iradiasi dipipet sebanyak 150 μLdan ditambah 2 mL aquadest kemudian ditambahkan Cs carrier sebanyak 20 μL dan 1 mL HCl 12 M. Campuran larutan tersebut digunakan sebagai umpan dimasukkan ke dalam kolom penukar anion (kolom pertama) yang berisi resin R-Cl- variasi berat 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 dan 6 g. Efluen yang keluar dari kolom penukar anion dimasukkan ke dalam kolom penukar kation (kolom kedua) yang telah berisi resin R-NH4+ dengan variasi berat 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 dan 6 g. Isotop 137Cs yang terikat dengan resin R-NH4+di dalam kolom kemudian dielusi menggunakan HCI 1 M sebanyak 15 mL. Efluen kemudian dikisatkan sampai diperoleh volume ± 2 mL. Besarnya kandungan isotop 137Cs dalam efluen diukur dengan menggunakan spektrometer gamma dengan waktu cacah 500 detik. Hasil pengukuran diperoleh kandungan isotop137Cs di dalam sampel PEB U3Si2/Al densitas 2,96 gU/cm3 pasca iradiasi sebesar 0,000445 g/gPEB g dan parameter optimal pemisahan 137Cs dengan metode kolom penukar kation menggunakan resin Dowex seberat 2 g dengan recovery sebesar 98,67%. Hasil pemisahan 137Cs dengan metode kolom penukar kation tidak jauh berbeda dengan hasil pemisahan137Cs dengan metode penukar kation maupun metode pengendapan CsClO4. Kandungan 137Cs yang diperoleh selanjutnya dapat digunakan untuk perhitungan burn up.Kata kunci :U3Si2/Al, isotop137Cs, kolom penukar kation resin Dowex, burn up
A STUDY ON METAPHORS IN TI’I KA EMBU NUSI DISCOURSE IN RONGGA LANGUAGE
Authors: Erfiani Yohanes Paulus Florianus 
Published: August 2018

This article is intended to investigate kinds of metaphors used in the discourse of Ti’i Ka Embu Nusi ‘Giving Food to Ancestors’ in Rongga Language (RL). It is also intended to investigate the cultural imagery expressed in the metaphors of Rongga language speakers (RLS). Many kinds of metaphors are used in the discourse of Ti’i Ka Embu Nusi in Rongga Language and Rongga Culture: structural metaphor, orientational metaphor and ontological metaphor. All metaphorical expressions belong to ontological metaphor. Nine of all the mataphors, beside belonging to ontological metaphor, are also belong to structural metaphor. Six of all the metaphors, beside belonging to ontological metaphor, also belong to orientational metaphor. It is also found the cultural imageryof the RLS was expressed in the metaphors appearing in the discourse of Ti’i Ka Embu Nusi. (1) RLS believe that the ancestors are still alive even though they are not caught in five senses of the human being. Their eyes still can see their children living in the world, their ears still can hear their prayers, their noses still can smell foods, their tongues still can taste sweet, salty, or bitter of the drinks and the food, and their skins still can touch the human being. (2) RLS believe that the ancestors have power to protect or even to curse their living generation. (3) RLS desire good life condition for living in the world. This can be obtained by doing Ti’i Ka Embu Nusi. (4) RLS desire long life in the world. This can also be reached by doing Ti’i Ka Embu Nusi.
Análise da Transferência de Significados a Partir da Aplicação de Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa Sobre o Conteúdo Estrutura da Matéria para Alunos do Ensino Médio
Authors: Silva Vagnes Gonçalves da , Zompero Andreia Freitas 
Published: August 2018

A Física abrange conteúdos que envolvem as estruturas submicroscópicas e macroscópicas da matéria. A estrutura da matéria é a base de toda matéria que forma o universo, compreender significativamente esses conceitos é a chave para o entendimento da Física. Assim, utilizar metodologias diferenciadas poderá contribuir para a aprendizagem dos alunos. O estudo analisa o processo de transferência de significados para uma situação problema, após os estudantes terem sido submetidos a uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa - UEPS. O propósito foi avaliar quais significados produzidos durante a UEPS, os alunos conseguiram transferir para uma nova situação. O estudo foi realizado com alunos do 2° ano matutino do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública. Os resultados obtidos com as análises das atividades dos estudantes evidenciam que a utilização da UEPS proporcionou a elaboração e a reorganização dos significados pelos alunos, mostrando-se como uma metodologia de ensino satisfatória para ser utilizada na Educação Básica.Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem Significativa. Estrutura da Matéria. UEPS.AbstractPhysics covers content involving matter sub-microscopic and macroscopic structures. Matter structure is the basis of all the material that forms the universe, significantly understanding of these concepts is the key to the Physics understanding. Thus, using different methodologies can contribute to students’ learning. This study analyzes the meanings transfer process to a problem situation, after students have undergone Teaching Unit Potentially Significant (UEPS). The purpose was to evaluate which meanings produced during UEPS, students were able to transfer to a new situation. This study was carried out with students from 2nd Year of high school, who study in the morning in a public school. The results obtained from the analysis of the students’ activities, show that the use of UEPS provided the students’ meanings development and reorganization , proving to be as a satisfactory teaching methodology to be used in Basic Education.Keywords: Meaningful Learning. Matter Structure. UEPS.
A Educação de Jovens e Adultos e Formação Humana: a Práxis em Questão
Authors: Alves João Paulo Da Conceição , Penha Ana Cláudia Figueiredo Martins , Silva Márcia Pereira da 
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo corresponde a um estudo de caso realizado em uma escola pública em dois bairros periféricos da cidade de Macapá/ Ap. O objetivo foi analisar a relevância das práticas de leitura para formação política de alunos na modalidade EJA, no nível Ensino Médio. Além de uma necessária revisão bibliográfica, os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas a oito professores desta modalidade de ensino, que lecionavam no Ensino Médio e que desempenhavam suas atividades docentes na escola. A abordagem dos dados foi feita de forma qualitativa e a análise de conteúdo foi a técnica utilizada para a interpretação dos dados. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo demonstraram que alguns docentes desenvolvem práticas variadas/ diversas, tendo a leitura como estratégia, diversificam os materiais didáticos e sua metodologia de ensino, propõem discussões instigantes para que os alunos participem e exponham seus pontos de vista, porém, ainda são frágeis no sentido de uma formação ampliada ou de uma presença sistemática no planejamento de ensino dos professores. Há a ausência de uma compreensão de mundo mais crítica e ampliada devido a problemas pedagógicos e estruturais da escola como a falta de acervo bibliográfico, espaço, e de carga horária, além da indisponibilidade dos alunos para o aprimoramento da leitura.Palavras-chave: EJA/Ensino Médio. Práticas Formativas. Formação Política. Formação Humana.AbstractThis article corresponds to a case study carried out in a public school in two peripheral districts of the city of Macapá / Ap. The objective was to analyze the reading practices relevance for the political formation of students in EJA modality, in the High School level. In addition to a necessary bibliographical review, the data were collected through semi-structured interviews applied to eight teachers of this type of teaching who taught in High School and who performed their teaching activities at school. The data approach was carried out in a qualitative way and content analysis was the technique used to data interpretation. The field research results have shown that some teachers develop varied / diverse practices with reading as a strategy, diversify didactic materials and their teaching methodology, offer thought-provoking discussions so that students participate and present their points of view, however, they are still fragile in the sense of an expanded formation or of a systematic presence in the teachers’ teaching planning. There is a lack of a more critical and expanded understanding of the world due to the school’s pedagogical and structural problems, such as the lack of bibliographic collection, space and time, and the students' unavailability to improve reading.Keywords: EJA /High School . Formative Practices. Political Formation. Human formation