bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Analysis of the Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Liver Identifies Proteins from Evolutionarily Close and ‐Distant Fish Relatives
Authors: Dupree Emmalyn J. , Crimmins Bernard S. , Holsen Thomas M. , Darie Costel C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLake trout are used as bioindicators for toxics exposure in the Great Lakes ecosystem. Here the first lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) liver proteomics study is performed and searched against specific databases: (NCBI and UniProtKB) Salvelinus, Salmonidae, Actinopterygii, and Oncorhynchus mykiss, and the more distant relative, Danio rerio. In the biological replicate 1 (BR1), technical replicate 1 (TR1), (BR1TR1), a large number of lake trout liver proteins are not in the Salvelinus protein database, suggesting that lake trout liver proteins have homology to some proteins from the Salmonidae family and Actinopterygii class, and to Oncorhynchus mykiss and Danio rerio, two more highly studied fish. In the NCBI search, 4194 proteins are identified: 3069 proteins in Actinopterygii, 1617 in Salmonidae, 68 in Salvelinus, 568 in Oncorhynchus mykiss, and 946 in Danio rerio protein databases. Similar results are observed in the UniProtKB searches of BR1RT1, as well as in a technical replicate (BR1TR2), and then in a second biological replicate experiment, with two technical replicates (BR2TR1 and BR2TR2). This study opens the possibility of identifying evolutionary relationships (i.e., adaptive mutations) between various groups (i.e., zebrafish, rainbow trout, Salmonidae, Salvelinus and lake trout) through evolutionary proteomics. Data are available via the PRIDE Q2 (PXD011924).
Jejunal wall delivery of insulin via an ingestible capsule in anesthetized swine—A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study
Authors: Hashim Mir , Korupolu Radhika , Syed Baber , Horlen Kyle , Beraki Simret , Karamchedu Padma , Dhalla Arvinder K. , Ruffy Rodolphe , Imran Mir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiotherapeutic agents must be administered parenterally to obtain therapeutic blood concentrations, lowering patient compliance and complicating care. An oral delivery platform (ODP) was developed to deliver drugs into the small intestinal wall. This proof‐of‐concept study was performed in 17 anesthetized, laparotomized swine. In 8 swine weighing 17.4 ± 1.2 kg (mean ± SEM), 20 IU of recombinant human insulin (RHI) were auto‐injected into the jejunal wall by placing the ODP inside the jejunum via an enterotomy. In 9 control swine weighing 17.0 ± 0.4 kg, 20 IU of RHI were injected subcutaneously. In both groups, under a 60‐80 mg/dL euglycemic glucose clamp, blood glucose was measured with a handheld glucometer and serum insulin was measured using ELISA, at 10‐minute intervals between −20 and +420 minutes after RHI delivery. The peak serum concentration of RHI was 517 ± 109 pmol/L in the ODP and 342 ± 50 pmol/L in the subcutaneous group (ns). The areas under the insulin concentration curves (83 ± 18 and 81 ± 10 nmol/L·min) were also similar in both groups. The mean time to peak serum concentration of insulin was 139 ± 42 minutes in the ODP and 227 ± 24 minutes in the subcutaneous group (ns). In conclusion, (a) The bioactivity of RHI was preserved after its delivery into the jejunal wall, (b) the intrajejunal route delivered insulin as rapidly and physiologically as the subcutaneous route, and (c) these pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of RHI after intrajejunal delivery suggest that drugs currently administered parenterally, such as basal insulin, could be successfully delivered into the proximal intestinal wall via the ingestible capsule.
The first skeletal record of the enigmatic Cretaceous sawfish genus Ptychotrygon (Chondrichthyes, Batoidea) from the Turonian of Morocco
Authors: Villalobos‐Segura Eduardo , Underwood Charlie J. , Ward David J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new fossil batoid (ray) Ptychotrygon rostrispatula sp. nov. is described from five exceptionally well‐preserved, three‐dimensional skeletal remains from the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) of Morocco. These specimens represent the first known skeletal remains for the genus Ptychotrygon and allow an almost complete description of the genus, providing a new insight into its phylogenetic relations and validating its taxonomic status as a member of the Sclerorhynchoidei. Mechanical preparation of the fossil remains revealed a relatively large batoid species (estimated total length above 1 m). Overall the morphology resembles that of sclerorhynchoids, with a robust hypertrophied rostrum that lacks enlarged rostral denticles with enlarged paddle‐like pectoral proximal elements (propterygium, mesopterygium and metapterygium). Never before seen details of the branchial skeleton are presented (large second hypobranchial without anterior process, which was probably fused to the basibranchial and no evidence of articulation with other branchial element). To assess the phylogenetic relations of these specimens within the sclerorhynchoids a parsimonious analysis using TNT and PAUP was performed. These analyses included Asflapristis cristadentis and Ptychotrygon rostrispatula sp. nov., which were used as representatives of Ptychotrygonidae, and also includes six other genera of sclerorhynchoids with relatively good skeletal remains. Both analyses recovered two monophyletic groups within sclerorhynchoids: the first contains Ischyrhiza, Onchopristis and Schizorhiza, and a second that includes Micropristis, Sclerorhynchus, Libanopristis and Ptychotrygonidae.
An examination of aspects of the probabilistic genotyping tool: Forensic Statistical Tool
Authors: Gasston Julia , Kruijver Maarten , Curran James M. , Bright Jo‐Anne , Pugh Simone , Buckleton John S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe probabilistic genotyping software Forensic Statistical Tool implements a semi‐continuous model for DNA interpretation. This software omits any locus where the sum of the allele probabilities equals or exceeds .97. There has been criticism that this function is neither signaled by the software nor disclosed in publications. We investigate the effect of this function by creating a near clone of the model and applying it to five‐ and six‐allele loci for three‐person mixtures created in the expected population proportions. On average, the dropping of a locus is conservative for six‐peak loci and nonconservative for five‐peak loci. For persons of interest (POIs) with rare alleles, the dropping is usually conservative. For POIs with common alleles, the dropping of the locus is often nonconservative.This article is categorized under:Forensic Biology > Interpretation of Biological EvidenceForensic Biology > Forensic DNA TechnologiesJurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Expert Evidence and Narrative
Municipal Housing Strategies for Refugees. Insights from Two Case Studies in Germany
Authors: Adam Francesca , Föbker Stefanie , Imani Daniela , Pfaffenbach Carmella , Weiss Günther , Wiegandt Claus-C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe high number of asylum seekers who immigrated to Germany in 2015 and 2016 is supposed to be one of the key challenges for social cohesion in the years to come. While initially the most pressing tasks such as providing emergency shelters, housing supply and registration had to be managed, the long-term integration of recognised refugees is currently a major topic of discussion. The relocation of asylum seekers out of group accommodation into the housing market is said to be a central precondition for integration. Simultaneously, providing individual apartments for refugees has proven to be a tremendous challenge for many municipalities, especially in highly populated urban areas, since it puts additional pressure on tight housing markets. This competition for affordable housing can (further) evoke social tension in these regions. In this chapter, we will examine the local responses to these developments by comparing two case study areas in North Rhine-Westphalia. The selection of different local contexts provides a comparative insight into the structural conditions of integration processes in urban contexts of different sizes. We will explore different housing strategies for refugees in the large city of Cologne and in small and medium-sized towns in the district of Heinsberg. The chapter illustrates the difficulties of implementing these strategies and identifies several implementation gaps.
Diverging Perspectives on “Integration” in the Vocational Education System: Evidence from an East German Periphery
Authors: Glorius Birgit , Schondelmayer Anne-Christin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTaking the example of refugee integration into the vocational education system in Germany, this chapter addresses varying and sometimes contradictory practices of integration. The focus of our research was on the evaluation of the teaching and integration practices for young asylum seekers who are preparing to enter the labour market or vocational education after 1 year of intensified language learning in vocational schools in the State of Saxony, Germany. Analyzing the perspectives of teachers, school authorities and students, we found strongly diverging opinions on the effectiveness of the programme, which were embedded in varying definitions of the term “integration”. We found structural and framing features as decisive for the successful implementation of the educational programme, notably the question of competences in decisions that had to be taken in the evolving field of refugee schooling. Also, we found the field of vocational schools to be highly politicised in the context of regional development strategies, demographic decline and shortages of school staff. A further obstacle for the successful finalization of the young asylum seekers’ educational programme was the paradigm of temporariness, as the continuation of their education was contested by decisions in the asylum process.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Albers Max B. , Nordenström Erik , Wohlfahrt Johan , Bergenfelz Anders , Almquist Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundProphylactic central neck dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma is controversial. Sentinel node biopsy might be an adjunct to optimize surgical treatment for these patients. Earlier studies reported inconsistent detection rates and diagnostic value of this technique, and the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in thyroid cancer needs to be established.Patients and methodsDuring a single‐center prospective interventional study between 2010 and 2017, sentinel lymph node biopsy using 99mTc‐nanocolloidal albumin tracer was performed on patients undergoing thyroid surgery for suspected thyroid cancer by fine needle aspiration cytology. All eligible patients without clinical lymph node involvement were invited to participate. Central neck dissection was performed on all patients after the detection of sentinel lymph nodes.ResultsNinety‐six patients participated in the study. The detection rates of the sentinel node were 67% and 45% by scintigraphy and intraoperative gamma probe, respectively. The detection rate was not associated with Bethesda score, malignancy, or presence of lymph node metastases. Sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 80%, 97%, and 98%, respectively, for the sentinel node to represent the status of lymph node metastasis in the central neck compartment. The false negative rate was 20%.ConclusionSentinel lymph node biopsy had a low detection rate and only moderate sensitivity in patients with suspected thyroid carcinoma and is not a useful adjunct to surgery in the context of current treatment concepts.
Crystallisation and zircon saturation of calc-alkaline tonalite from the Adamello Batholith at upper crustal conditions: an experimental study
Authors: Marxer Felix , Ulmer Peter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The understanding of the geochemical and petrophysical evolution of magmas forming intermediate calc-alkaline batholiths at shallow crustal levels critically depends on knowledge of the phase equilibria relations along the liquid line of descent. Here, we present experimental results for a tonalitic system at a pressure of 200 MPa and under water-saturated conditions. Melting experiments were performed at temperatures between 700 and 1000 °C in externally heated HCM pressure vessels, with oxygen fugacity controlled close to the Ni–NiO buffer equilibrium (NNO) employing an argon–methane mixture as pressure medium and Co–Pd redox sensors to verify fO2 conditions. Natural rock powder of a medium-K tonalite from the Adamello Batholith in Northern Italy served as experimental starting material. Based on compositional data of stable phases in the run products and images of entire run charges, mass balance calculations as well as image processing were performed to investigate the evolution of the crystal/melt ratio with respect to temperature. Furthermore, compositional trends of minerals as well as the liquid line of descent of residual melts were obtained. Orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and plagioclase were identified as near-liquidus phases (below 990 °C). At 900 °C, amphibole joins the solid-phase assemblage at the expense of clinopyroxene, indicating the existence of a peritectic relationship. After an initial near-linear decrease with temperature, residual melt fractions exhibit a plateau of 45–55 vol. % between 750 and 850 °C, followed by a rapid decrease coinciding with quartz saturation at 725 °C. Compositions of residual liquids evolve along a typical calc-alkaline differentiation trend with decreasing temperature (increasing SiO2 and decreasing TiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO and FeO contents) and become peraluminous below 900 °C. Intermediate to acidic rocks from the Adamello follow the experimental liquid line of descent indicating that the observed compositional spread of the natural intermediate composition rock record can be explained by low-pressure magma differentiation and liquid extraction. Experimentally determined zircon saturation levels are at low temperatures distinctly lower compared to existing and often used Zr-saturation models, but fully consistent with observed and modelled Zr-evolution trends from the natural rock record of the Southern Adamello Batholith inferring that zircon saturation in these intermediate to felsic plutonic rocks occurred at 800–830 °C corresponding to a melt fraction of about 50 vol. %.
Periodontitis and vascular inflammatory biomarkers: an experimental in vivo study in rats
Authors: Leira Yago , Iglesias-Rey Ramón , Gómez-Lado Noemí , Aguiar Pablo , Sobrino Tomás , D’Aiuto Francesco , Castillo José , Blanco Juan , Campos Francisco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe objective of this preclinical in vivo study was to determine changes in vascular inflammatory biomarkers in systemic circulation after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fromPorphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) in rats. Experimental periodontitis was induced by injections ofPg-LPS. Gingival soft and hard tissues changes were analysed by means of magnetic resonance imaging and micro computed tomography. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, pentraxin (PTX) 3, and soluble fragment of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) were determined at baseline and 24 h, 7, 14, and 21 days after periodontal induction. Significant periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss were evident at the end of periodontal induction. Experimental periodontitis posed an acute systemic inflammatory response with increased serum levels of IL-6 and PTX3 at 24 h post-induction, followed by a significant overexpression of sTWEAK at 7 days. This inflammatory state was maintained until the end of the experiment (21 days). As expected, IL-10 serum levels were significantly lower during the follow-up compared to baseline concentrations. In the present animal model, experimental periodontitis is associated with increased systemic inflammation. Further studies are needed to confirm whether PTX3 and sTWEAK could be useful biomarkers to investigate potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between periodontitis and atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
Quantifying Subresolution 3D Morphology of Bone with Clinical Computed Tomography
Authors: Karhula S. S. , Finnilä M. A. J. , Rytky S. J. O. , Cooper D. M. , Thevenot J. , Valkealahti M. , Pritzker K. P. H. , Haapea M. , Joukainen A. , Lehenkari P. , Kröger H. , Korhonen R. K. , Nieminen H. J. , Saarakkala S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify sub-resolution trabecular bone morphometrics, which are also related to osteoarthritis (OA), from clinical resolution cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Samples (n = 53) were harvested from human tibiae (N = 4) and femora (N = 7). Grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture and histogram-based parameters were calculated from CBCT imaged trabecular bone data, and compared with the morphometric parameters quantified from micro-computed tomography. As a reference for OA severity, histological sections were subjected to OARSI histopathological grading. GLCM and histogram parameters were correlated to bone morphometrics and OARSI individually. Furthermore, a statistical model of combined GLCM/histogram parameters was generated to estimate the bone morphometrics. Several individual histogram and GLCM parameters had strong associations with various bone morphometrics (|r| > 0.7). The most prominent correlation was observed between the histogram mean and bone volume fraction (r = 0.907). The statistical model combining GLCM and histogram-parameters resulted in even better association with bone volume fraction determined from CBCT data (adjusted R2 change = 0.047). Histopathology showed mainly moderate associations with bone morphometrics (|r| > 0.4). In conclusion, we demonstrated that GLCM- and histogram-based parameters from CBCT imaged trabecular bone (ex vivo) are associated with sub-resolution morphometrics. Our results suggest that sub-resolution morphometrics can be estimated from clinical CBCT images, associations becoming even stronger when combining histogram and GLCM-based parameters.
Lignin nanoparticles modified with tall oil fatty acid for cellulose functionalization
Authors: Setälä Harri , Alakomi Hanna-Leena , Paananen Arja , Szilvay Géza R. , Kellock Miriam , Lievonen Miikka , Liljeström Ville , Hult Eva-Lena , Lintinen Kalle , Österberg Monika , Kostiainen Mauri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, tall oil fatty acid ester of softwood kraft lignin (TOFA-L) was used to prepare TOFA lignin nanoparticles (TLNP) in water. The average diameters for two prepared TLNPs in 0.1 mg/ml concentration were 140 nm and 160 nm. TLNPs were attached covalently onto modified and unmodified cellulose fibres to form an antimicrobial composite material. The modified cellulose fibres contained reactive allylic double bonds with a degree of substitution of 0.05. The antimicrobial properties of both TLNPs and TLNP coated fibres (TLNP-C) were studied againstEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosausing silver nanospheres (average size 10 nm) and Lignoboost lignin particles with 300 and 400 nm sizes as references. Antimicrobial activity of the samples was stronger against Gram-positiveS. aureuscells than against Gram-negative target microbesE. coliandP. aeruginosa.
Ocular manifestations of rheumatic diseases
Authors: Kemeny-Beke Adam , Szodoray Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeOur aim was to summarize key aspects of the pathomechanism and the ocular involvements of rheumatic and systemic autoimmune diseases.MethodsApart from a paper in French (Morax V, Ann Oculist 109:368–370, 1893), all papers referred to in this article were published in English. All the materials were peer-reviewed full-text papers, letters, reviews, or book chapters obtained through a literature search of the PubMed database using the keywords ocular manifestations; pathogenesis; systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases; rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; fibromyalgia; systemic lupus erythematosus; seronegative spondyloarthritis; ankylosing spondylitis; reactive arthritis; enteropathic arthritis; psoriatic arthritis; systemic sclerosis; polymyalgia rheumatica and covering all years available. Some statements articulated in this paper reflect the clinical experience of the authors in their tertiary-referral center.ResultsOphthalmic disorders are categorized by anatomical subgroups in all rheumatic diseases. The most common ocular manifestations are diverse types of inflammations of different tissues and dry eye disease (DED).ConclusionThe eye could be a responsive marker for the onset or aggravation of an immune reactivation in many rheumatic diseases, furthermore, ocular findings can antedate the diagnosis of the underlying rheumatic disease. By recognizing ocular manifestations of systemic rheumatic diseases it might be possible to avoid or at least delay many long term sequelae.
AGE: authentication in gadget-free healthcare environments
Authors: Kumar Tanesh , Braeken An , Jurcut Anca Delia , Liyanage Madhusanka , Ylianttila Mika 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mobile and sensor related technologies are significantly revolutionizing the medical and healthcare sectors. In current healthcare systems, gadgets are the prominent way of acquiring medical services. However, the recent technological advancements in smart and ambient environments are offering users new ways to access the healthcare services without using any explicit gadgets. One of the key challenges in such gadget-free environments is performing secure user authentication with the intelligent surroundings. For example, a secure, efficient and user-friendly authentication mechanism is essential for elderly/disabled people or patients in critical conditions requiring medical services. Hence, modern authentication systems should be sophisticated enough to identify such patients without requiring their physical efforts or placing gadgets on them. This paper proposes an anonymous and privacy-preserving biometrics based authentication scheme for such gadget-free healthcare environment. We performed formal security verification of our proposed scheme using CDVT /AD tool and our results indicate that the proposed scheme is secure for such smart and gadget-free environments. We verify that the proposed scheme can resist against various well-known security attacks. Moreover, the proposed system showed better performance as compared with existing biometrics based remote user authentication schemes.