bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NaN3/NH4Cl‐Promoted Aza‐Cyclization: A Convenient Route for Bio‐Active Diverse Isoindolinone Derivatives
Authors: Ali Sk Asraf , Bhaumik Sanjay , Jana Akash , Manna Susanta Kumar , Ikbal Mohammed , Mandal Arabinda , Bera Anirban , Jana Avijit , Samanta Shubhankar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn efficient substrate dependent NaN3/NH4Cl promoted aza‐cyclization was developed via metal free cascade transformation. A wide variety of bicyclic/tricyclic isoindolinone derivative was achieved with excellent diastereoselectivity from achiral reagent system. This protocol also provided synthetic route of dopamine D4 receptor in short way. The bio‐imaging study towards CHO cell line with our isoindolinone embedded new fluorophore was also demonstrated.
Controllable Synthesis of Carbon Dots with Excitation‐Wavelength‐Dependent or Independent Photoluminescence for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of Co2+ Ions
Authors: Wang Lanhui , Lin Kui , Trinchi Adrian , Cole Ivan S. , Tian Fei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFluorescent carbon dots (CDs) with excitation‐wavelength‐dependent and excitation‐wavelength‐independent emission have been prepared with varying amounts citric acid (CA), ethylenediamin end‐capped polyethylenimine (PEI‐EC) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4), their structure, optical and chemical sensing properties have been also systematically investigated. The varying of NaBH4 and PEI‐EC renders the structure and surface state change as well as photoluminescence (PL) properties. The results indicated that NaBH4 made the CDs sensitive to Co2+ ions, whilst the PEI‐EC served to increase their sensitivity. The synergistic roles that both NaBH4 and PEI‐EC played on the selective and sensitive detection of Co2+ were achieved via a simple adjustment of the mass ratios during synthesis. Furthermore, the PL intensity was gradually recovered until completely restored with the addition of chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to the Co2+ quenched CDs solutions. This work provided quantitatively preparation and controllable synthesis of excitation‐wavelength‐dependent or independent CDs for the development of PL based sensors.
Differences in synaptic integration between direct and indirect striatal projection neurons: Role of CaV3 channels
Authors: García‐Vilchis Brisa , Suárez Paola , Serrano‐Reyes Miguel , Arias‐García Mario , Tapia Dagoberto , Duhne Mariana , Bargas José , Galarraga Elvira 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDifferent corticostriatal suprathreshold responses in direct and indirect striatal projection neurons (SPNs) of rodents have been reported. Responses consist in prolonged synaptic potentials of polysynaptic and intrinsic origin, in which voltage‐gated Ca2⁺ currents play a role. Recording simultaneous Ca2⁺ imaging and voltage responses at the soma, while activating the corticostriatal pathway, we show that encoding of synaptic responses into trains of action potentials (APs) is different in SPNs: firing of APs in D1‐SPNs increase gradually, in parallel with Ca2⁺ entry, as a function of stimulus intensity. In contrast, D2‐SPNs attain a maximum number of evoked spikes at low stimulus intensities, Ca2⁺ entry is limited, and both remain the same in spite of increasing stimulus strength. Stimulus needs to reach certain intensity, to have propagated Ca2⁺ potentials to the soma plus a sudden step in Ca2⁺ entry, without changing the number of fired APs, phenomena never seen in D1‐SPNs. Constant firing in spite of changing stimulus, suggested the involvement of underlying inactivating potentials. We found that Caᵥ3 currents contribute to Ca2+ entry in both classes of SPNs, but have a more notable effect in D2‐SPNs, where a low‐threshold spike was disclosed. Blockade of CaV3 channels retarded the steep rise in firing in D2‐SPNs. Inhibition block increased the number of spikes fired by D2‐SPNs, without changing firing in D1‐SPNs. These differences in synaptic integration enable a biophysical dissimilarity: dendritic inhibition appears to be more relevant for D2‐SPNs. This may imply distinctions in the set of interneurons affecting each SPN class.
Exposure to cigarette smoke via respiratory system may induce abnormal alterations of reproductive organs in female diabetic rats
Authors: Kim Soo‐Min , Hwang Kyung‐A , Go Ryeo‐Eun , Sung Jae‐Hyuck , Choi Dal‐Woong , Choi Kyung‐Chul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCigarette smoke (CS) has harmful effects on human fertility, reproduction, and development as well as on patients suffering from metabolic diseases such as diabetes than on healthy individuals. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between CS exposure and histological alterations of reproductive organs in female diabetic rats. We evaluated the histology of uteruses and ovaries obtained from female rats exposed to smoke from standard cigarettes for 4 weeks (28 hours a week). After CS exposure, tissue slides were made from uterine and ovarian samples and examined after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry was used for detection of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and estrogen receptor (ER)α in the uterus and ovary. MMP9 is an inflammatory biomarker that increases during progression to endometriosis. As a chemokine receptor, CXCR4 is involved in development of the inner wall of the uterus and cell adhesion. In the uterus, the occurrence of MMP9, CXCR4, and ERα and the number of endometrial glands were increased by CS exposure, while in the ovary, occurrence of MMP9, CXCR4, ERα, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the number of corpus lutea or cyst follicles were increased by CS exposure. Collectively, this study indicates that CS induced abnormal development of the uterus and ovary under induced diabetes, leading to adverse effects on normal function of reproductive organs in female rats.Highlights

Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure adversely affected reproductive organs of diabetic female rats.
In the uterus, expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), estrogen receptor (ER)α, and the number of endometrial glands were increased by CS exposure,
In the ovary, the expression of MMP9, CXCR4, ERα, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the number of corpus lutea or cyst follicles were increased by CS exposure.
Exposure to CS via the respiratory system exerted a harmful impact on the uterus and ovary in female rats with diabetes.
Complications After Ostomy Surgery: Emergencies and Obese Patients are at Risk—Data from the Berlin OStomy Study (BOSS)
Authors: Braumann Chris , Müller Verena , Knies Moritz , Aufmesser Birgit , Schwenk Wolfgang , Koplin Gerold 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundComplications are common after ostomy surgery. Data from the Berlin OStomy Study were evaluated to determine risk factors for complications.Patients and methodsPatients with a bowel ostomy were questioned using a questionnaire concerning patients’ characteristics and history as well as the ostomy and its complications. The questionnaire also contained a nine‐fielded abdominal sketch to determine the exact ostomy location.ResultsOver 42 months, 2647 patients completed the questionnaire. Obese patients and patients after emergency surgery were more prone to ostomy‐related complications. This result was independent of the kind of ostomy (small bowel ostomy or colostomy) and of the abdominal location. The overall ostomy complication rate was 55.6%.ConclusionSignificantly more complications were recorded after emergency surgery and in obese patients than after elective surgery and in non‐obese patients, respectively. There was no preferential abdominal location for avoiding general ostomy complications. The results emphasized the importance of preoperative ostomy site marking by qualified personnel such as ostomy nurses or surgeons to reduce complication rates by respecting individual abdominal configurations. With an increasing prevalence of obesity, ostomy surgery will become even more challenging in the future. A division of the abdominal wall into nine regions might be helpful and more precise for describing and examining ostomy‐related complications in the future.
Release of 14C and 3H from Irradiated Graphite of the Thermal Column of VVR-S Reactor to Solution Phase
Authors: Fugaru Viorel , Postolache Cristian , Bubueanu George , Tuta Catalin 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTGenerally, 14C is produced in all types of reactors, mainly through neutron-induced reactions with isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. These isotopes are present in the fuel, fuel cladding, coolant, moderator, and structural materials of the reactor. Irradiated graphite contains a range of activation products but, from the point of view of geological disposal, another radionuclide which has to be taken into account is tritium (3H or T), produced through the neutron induced reaction Li(n,α)T. In this study we have investigated the release of 14C and 3H into the solution phase from two intact samples of irradiated graphite which have been cut from the thermal column disc located near the VVR-S reactor core. To evaluate 14C and 3H long-term release in solution the graphite samples were submerged in a solution of 0.1 M of sodium hydroxide. The experimental results regarding the release of 14C and 3H from VVR-S irradiated graphite to liquid phase show that a major fraction of the total release occurs in the first months and a slower release on a long time scale. However, these results should be applied cautiously for long time prediction.
What Makes People Worry about the Welfare State? A Three-Country Experiment
Authors: Goerres Achim , Karlsen Rune , Kumlin Staffan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWelfare states are exposed to a host of cost-inducing ‘reform pressures’. An experiment implemented in Germany, Norway and Sweden tests how variousreform pressure framesaffect perceptions about the future financial sustainability of the welfare state. Such perceptions have been shown to moderate electoral punishment for welfare reform, but little is known about their origins. Hypotheses are formulated in dialogue with newer research on welfare state change, as well as with older theory expecting more stability in policy and attitudes (the ‘new politics’ framework). Research drawing on ‘deservingness theory’ is also consulted. The results suggest large variations in impact across treatments. The most influential path to effective pressure framing is to ‘zoom in’ on specific economic pressures linked to undeserving groups (above all immigration, but also to some extent low employment). Conversely, a message emphasizing pressure linked to a very deserving group (population aging) had little effect. A second conceivable path to pressure framing entails ‘zooming out’ – making messages span a diverse and more broadly threatening set of challenges. This possibility, however, received weaker support.
CIRIS 265: AN EMENDATION
Authors: Kayachev Boris 
Published: November 2018

Carme fears that Scylla is in love with her own father (237–40); Scylla replies that she loves no one she should love, but one of the besiegers—though she can hardly bring herself to utter his name (262–7):
nil amat hic animus, nutrix, quod oportet amari,in quo falsa tamen lateat pietatis imago,sed media ex acie, mediis ex hostibus—eheu,quid dicam quoue aegra malum hoc exordiar ore? 265dicam equidem, quoniam tu nunc non dicere, nutrix,non sinis: extremum hoc munus morientis habeto.265 aegra Baehrens: agam Z: ipsa ρ: ausa Sillig
Genetic and morphometric categorization ofTaenia ovisfrom Sheep in Iran
Authors: Rostami Sima , Salavati Reza , Beech Robin N. , Babaei Zahra , Sharbatkhori Mitra , Shamsaddini Saeedeh , Nasibi Saeid , Harandi Majid Fasihi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLittle is known about the genetic and morphological characters ofTaenia ovis. The purpose of the present study was to characterize sheep isolates ofT. ovisusing rostellar hook morphometry as well as mitochondrial genes sequence analysis. Ninety sheep specimens ofCysticercus oviswere collected from 18 slaughterhouses in Iran. The mean ±s.d.for total length of large and small hooks were 174.1 ± 6.4 and 116.7 ± 5.4µm, respectively. CO1 and 12S rRNA sequence analysis showed 11 and nine haplotypes, respectively. The level of pairwise nucleotide variations between individual haplotypes of CO1 and 12S rRNA genes were 0.3–1.1 and 0.2–1.0%, respectively. Level of nucleotide variation in CO1 and 12S rRNA betweenT. ovishaplotypes from present study and eight otherTaeniaspecies was found to be 11.3–17.8 and 5.3–16.3%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis clustered allT. ovisisolates into a single clade comprised of the all CO1 and 12S rRNA haplotypes. CO1 nucleotide difference betweenT. ovis ovisandT. asiaticawas 13.6% that is lesser than the corresponding difference betweenT. ovis ovisandT. ovis krabbei, warranting the designation of two separate species asT. ovisandT. krabbei. Interclass correlation coefficients showed that there was no significant association between rostellar hook length variation and the variability of the mitochondrial genes.
Multidimensional understanding of religiosity/spirituality: relationship to major depression and familial risk
Authors: McClintock Clayton H. , Anderson Micheline , Svob Connie , Wickramaratne Priya , Neugebauer Richard , Miller Lisa , Weissman Myrna M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has shown prospectively that religiosity/spirituality protects against depression, but these findings are commonly critiqued on two grounds, namely: (1) apparent religiosity/spirituality reflects merely an original absence of depression or elevated mood and (2) religiosity/spirituality too often is measured as a global construct. The current study investigates the relationship between depression and religiosity/spirituality by examining its multidimensional structural integrity.MethodConfirmatory factor analyses with a previously observed cross-cultural factor structure of religiosity/spirituality variables were conducted on an independent sample, diagnostic and familial risk subgroups from this sample, and a subsample of the original cross-cultural sample. Linear regressions onto a previous diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) 5 years prior to assess the potential attenuating impact of a previous depression was explored.ResultsAcross familial risk groups and clinical subgroups, each of the previously validated religiosity/spirituality domains was confirmed, namely: religious/spiritual commitment, contemplative practice, sense of interconnectedness, the experience of love, and altruistic engagement. Previous MDD diagnosis was associated with a lower religious/spiritual commitment among high-risk individuals, higher contemplation among low-risk individuals, and lower importance of religion or spirituality regardless of risk group.ConclusionsStructural integrity was found across familial risk groups and diagnostic history for a multidimensional structure of religiosity/spirituality. Differential associations between a previous diagnosis of MDD and level of religiosity/spirituality across domains suggest a complex and interactive relation between depression, familial risk, and religiosity/spirituality. Accounting for an empirically valid, multidimensional understanding of religiosity/spirituality may advance research on mechanisms underlying the relationship between religiosity/spirituality and mental health.
Needs Assessment for Simulation Training for Prehospital Providers in Botswana
Authors: Glomb Nicolaus W. , Kosoko Adeola A. , Doughty Cara B. , Rus Marideth C. , Shah Manish I. , Cox Megan , Galapi Cafen , Parkes Presley S. , Kumar Shelley , Laba Bushe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn June 2012, the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness (MOHW; Gaborone, Botswana) initiated a national Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system in response to significant morbidity and mortality associated with prehospital emergencies. The MOHW requested external expertise to train its developing workforce. Simulation-based training was planned to equip these health care providers with clinical knowledge, procedural skills, and communication techniques.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the educational needs of the pioneer Botswana MOHW EMS providers based on retrospective EMS logbook review and EMS provider feedback to guide development of a novel educational curriculum.MethodsData were abstracted from a representative sample of the Gaborone, Botswana MOHW EMS response log from 2013-2014 and were quantified into the five most common call types for both adults and children. Informal focus groups with health professionals and EMS staff, as well as surveys, were used to rank common response call types and self-perceived educational needs.ResultsBased on 1,506 calls, the most common adult response calls were for obstetric emergencies, altered mental status, gastrointestinal/abdominal pain, trauma, gynecological emergencies, and cardiovascular and respiratory distress-related emergencies. The most common pediatric response calls were for respiratory distress, gastrointestinal complaints/dehydration, trauma and musculoskeletal injuries, newborn delivery, seizures, and toxic ingestion/exposure. The EMS providers identified these same chief complaints as priorities for training using the qualitative approach. A locally relevant, simulation-based curriculum for the Botswana MOHW EMS system was developed and implemented based on these data.Conclusions: Trauma, respiratory distress, gastrointestinal complaints, and puerperal/perinatal emergencies were common conditions for all age groups. Other age-specific conditions were also identified as educational needs based on epidemiologic data and provider feedback. This needs assessment may be useful when designing locally relevant EMS curricula in other low-income and middle-income countries.GlombNW, KosokoAA, DoughtyCB, RusMC, ShahMI, CoxM, GalapiC, ParkesPS, KumarS, LabaB.Needs assessment for simulation training for prehospital providers in Botswana. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(6):621–626.
Ambivalence About Forgiveness
Authors: Fricker Miranda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOur ideas about forgiveness seem to oscillate between idealization and scepticism. How should we make sense of this apparent conflict? This paper argues that we should learn something from each, seeing these views as representing opposing moments in a perennial and well-grounded moral ambivalence towards forgiveness. Once we are correctly positioned, we shall see an aspect of forgiveness that recommends precisely this ambivalence. For what will come into view will be certain key psychological mechanisms of moral-epistemic influence – other-addressed and self-addressed mechanisms of moral social construction – that enable forgiveness to function well when it is well-functioning, but which are also intrinsically prone to deterioration into one or another form of bad faith. Thus forgiveness is revealed as necessarily containing seeds of its own corruption, showing ambivalence to be a generically appropriate attitude. Moreover, it is emphasized that where forgiver and forgiven are relating to one another in the context of asymmetries of social power, the practice of forgiveness is likely to be further compromised, notably increasing the risk of negative influence on the moral-epistemic states of either the forgiver or the forgiven, or both.
Creation and delivery of a complex 3D geological survey for the Glasgow area and its application to urban geology
Authors: Kearsey T. I. , Whitbread K. , Arkley S. L. B. , Finlayson A. , Monaghan A. A. , McLean W. S. , Terrington R. L. , Callaghan E. A. , Millward D. , Campbell S. D. G. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe Glasgow area has a combination of highly variable superficial deposits and a legacy of heavy industry, quarrying and mining. These factors create complex foundation and hydrological conditions, influencing the movement of contaminants through the subsurface and giving rise locally to unstable ground conditions. Digital geological three-dimensional models developed by the British Geological Survey are helping to resolve the complex geology underlying Glasgow, providing a key tool for planning and environmental management. The models, covering an area of 3200km2to a depth of 1.2km, include glacial and post-glacial deposits and the underlying, faulted Carboniferous igneous and sedimentary rocks. Control data, including 95,000 boreholes, digital mine plans and published geological maps, were used in model development. Digital outputs from the models include maps of depth to key horizons, such as rockhead or depth to mine workings. The models have formed the basis for the development of site-scale high-resolution geological models and provide input data for a wide range of other applications from groundwater modelling to stochastic lithological modelling.
Asymmetric Cooling of the Atlantic and Pacific Arctic During the Past Two Millennia: A Dual Observation‐Modeling Study
Authors: Zhong Y. , Jahn A. , Miller G. H. , Geirsdottir A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe past 2,000 years provide a critical context for understanding twentieth century climate change. Due to the Past Global Changes 2k initiative, an extensive proxy database provides opportunities to assess regional climate change that have stronger ecological and societal implications than global‐mean temperature changes alone. However, the various sources of paleoclimate reconstruction poses serious challenges to scientifically and statistically sound inference within a unified framework. Here we show results from the first transient simulation for the past 2,000 years with the Community Earth System Model, called past2k, and use data‐model comparison to refine the interpretation of the proxy data. Our results indicate that the Atlantic Arctic was cooling at a faster rate than the Pacific Arctic over the past two millennia, in both proxy data and models. The model shows that this cooling pattern was dynamically supported by both a weakening of North Atlantic subpolar gyre and a stronger Aleutian Low.
Ribosomal protein S27-like regulates autophagy via the β-TrCP-DEPTOR-mTORC1 axis
Authors: Xiong Xiufang , Liu Xia , Li Haomin , He Hengqian , Sun Yi , Zhao Yongchao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRPS27L (Ribosomal protein S27-like), an evolutionarily conserved ribosomal protein, is a p53 target and a physiological p53 regulator. We previously reported that Rps27l disruption enhanced lymphomagenesis in Trp53+/− mice by triggering genome instability and sensitized Trp53+/− mice to radiation by blocking DNA damage response. Whether and how RPS27L modulates autophagy is totally unknown. Here we report that RPS27L silencing significantly induced autophagy in breast cancer MB231 and SK-BR3 cells harboring mutant p53. Mechanistically, RPS27L silencing remarkably inactivated mTORC1, a major negative autophagy regulator, but not mTORC2. Autophagy induction and mTORC1 inactivation was also observed in MEFs with Rps27l deletion. More specifically, RPS27L silencing shortened the protein half-life of β-TrCP, a substrate receptor of Skp1-Cullin 1-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase, which is responsible for DEPTOR degradation, leading to DEPTOR accumulation to inhibit mTORC1 activity. Furthermore, RPS27L silencing-induced autophagy and mTORC1 inactivation can be partially rescued by simultaneous DEPTOR silencing, suggesting a causal role of DEPTOR. Biologically, autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ), or Bafilomycin A1 (BAF A1), significantly induced apoptosis in RPS27L silenced cells, indicating that autophagy is a cellular survival mechanism in response to RPS27L loss. Finally, RPS27L levels were reduced in human breast cancers, as compared to adjacent normal tissues. Collectively, our study suggests that RPS27L reduction might play a promoting role during breast tumorigenesis by autophagy induction via the β-TrCP-DEPTOR-mTORC1 axis.