bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparision of Oral Levofloxacin and Minocycline in Treatment of Inflammatory Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Sheth Swapna Khatu , Mundada Ankita , Gokhale Neeta , Mahajan Pradeep 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous units. This disease occurs worldwide and usually starts in adolescence and resolves by mid-twenties. It is the most common skin disorder, and different studies have shown prevalence rates ranging from 28.9% to 91.3% in adolescents.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to assess, compare, and correlate therapeutic efficacy of oral levofloxacin and minocycline combine with benzoyl peroxide gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Methods:
The study comprised 60 acne vulgaris patients. They were allotted randomly in two groups, 30 in each group. Baseline investigations were performed at 1st visit. Baseline photographs were taken. Levofloxacin was given at dose of 500 mg/day for 30 days along with topical benzoyl peroxide gel in one group, and another group received minocycline 100 mg for 3 months along with topical benzoyl peroxide gel. Results were assessed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after starting treatment according to the global acne grading system and compared with each other statistically using t-test.

Results:
There was a significant decrease in acne score in levofloxacin group as compared to minocycline group. (P = 0.05) at 4 weeks. At 8 weeks and 12 weeks, decrease in the score was more in minocycline group (P < 0.024) and (P < 0.001), respectively. According to the percentage of decrease in inflammatory count from baseline, there was a decrease in inflammatory lesion count by 58% at 4 weeks which increased to 81.1% at the end of 12 weeks in levofloxacin group. In minocycline group, a decrease in inflammatory lesion count at 4 weeks was 36.6% and 12 weeks was 68%.
Pharmacokinetics of colistin in patients with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections
Authors: Gautam Vikas , Shafiq Nusrat , Mouton Johan W. , Malhotra Sameer , Kaur Satinder , Ray Pallab 
Published: July 2018

Background & objectives:
There is little information concerning intravenously (i.v.) administered colistin in patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections. Thus, this pilot prospective study was undertaken to characterize efficacy and pharmacokinetics of colistin in patients with MDR Gram-negative infections.

Methods:
Nine patients with age >12 yr and MDR Gram-negative infections were included, of whom six were given colistin at the doses of 2 MU, while three patients were given 1 MU i.v. dose every 8 h. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals. Determination of colistin concentration was done by a ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected reaction monitoring assay.

Results:
The area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve over eight hours (AUC0-8) for colistin after the 1st dose ranged from 3.3 to 16.4 mg×h/l (median, 4.59). After the 5th dose, AUC0-8 for colistin ranged from 4.4 to 15.8 mg×h/l (median, 6.0). With minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.125 mg/l, AUC0-8/MIC ranged from 26.7 to 131.4 (median, 36.7) and 35.5 to 126.0 (median, 48.0) after the 1st and the 5th doses of 2 MU every 8 h, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:
As there is a paucity of information on AUC/MIC for colistin, it may not be possible to conclude whether AUC/MIC values in our patients were adequate. There is a microbiological clearance of organism, which goes in favour of the dosing schedule being adequate. Further studies need to be done to understand the pharmacokinetics of colistin in patients with infections.
Mickey et Voltaire : commentaire de lecture de Garry Apgar, Mickey Mouse Emblem of the American Spirit
Authors: Woodward Servanne 
Published: July 2018

Rapport sur « Garry APGAR. Mickey Mouse Emblem of the American Spirit. San Francisco, CA: The Walt Disney Family Foundation Press, 2014; reprint 2016 » La biographie de Mickey Mouse ne commence pas avec Walt Disney, mais dans l’illustration des fables d’Esope, de La Fontaine et Andersen et sous l’impression de caricaturistes tel J. J. Grandville (1803-1847) plantant des têtes animales sur des dandys. Autour de 1827, le Suisse Rodolphe Töpffer serait l’inventeur de la bande dessinée, et après Daumier caricaturiste, il faudrait attendre 1910 et le « Krazy Kat » de George Herriman pour trouver une caricature animale plutôt qu’humaine. Un rapport de l’historique de la culture populaire iconique de Mickey Mouse, héro américain héritier d’une longue généalogie que Garry Apgar nous découvre avec la plus grande érudition.
Fiction et origines
Authors: Woodward Servanne 
Published: July 2018

« Fiction et origines » : Cette introduction fait état de la nécessité que certains penseurs — Rousseau par excellence, mais aussi bien Montesquieu et Diderot ou Voltaire — estiment nécessaire de définir « l’homme » d’avant l’état civilisé, un « homme » originel qui n’a sans doute jamais existé selon leur consensus, mais qu’il semble nécessaire d’imaginer pour en étudier le fonctionnement et prévoir ce que la civilisation peut lui apporter de bénéfique. De Rousseau à Freud, la question est devenue célèbre. La cohérence du volume est ensuite établie, donnant une première partie définissant l’être humain dans le courant de l’histoire, et la seconde partie, sur les expériences littéraires qui proposent des programmes (d’éducation en premier lieu) pour créer une nouvelle humanité perfectible et bénéficiant de la culture pour bien vivre.
Nickel and cobalt resistance properties of Sinorhizobium meliloti isolated from Medicago lupulina growing in gold mine tailing
Authors: Li Zhefei , Song Xiuyong , Wang Juanjuan , Bai Xiaoli , Gao Engting , Wei Gehong 
Published: July 2018

Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020, isolated from root nodules of Medicago lupulina growing in gold mine tailings in the northwest of China, displayed multiple heavy metal resistance and growth promotion of M. lupulina. In our previous work, the expression level of dmeR and dmeF genes were induced by Cu2+ through comparative transcriptome approach. Based on protein analysis, the dmeF encoded for a protein which showed a 37% similarity to the cation transporter DmeF of Cupriavidus metallidurans, whereas dmeR encoded transcriptional regulator which was highly homologous with DmeR belonging to RcnR/CsoR family metal-responsive transcriptional regulator. In addition to copper, quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that dmeR and dmeF were also induced by nickel and cobalt. To investigate the functions of dmeR and dmeF in S. meliloti CCNWSX0020, the dmeR and dmeF deletion mutants were constructed. The dmeF mutant was more sensitive to Co2 + and Ni2 + than the wild type strain. Pot experiments were carried out to determine whether the growth of M. lupulina was affected when the dmeF gene was knocked out in the presence of nickel or cobalt. Results indicated that the nodule number of the host plant inoculated with the dmeF deletion mutant was significantly less than the S. meliloti CCNWSX0020 wild-type in the presence of Co2 + or Ni2 +. However, when standardized by nodule fresh weight, the nitrogenase activities of nodules infected by the dmeF deletion mutant was similar to nitrogenase activity of the wild type nodule.
Coordination‐Responsive Longitudinal Relaxation Tuning as a Versatile MRI Sensing Protocol for Malignancy Targets
Authors: Zhang Kun , Cheng Yu , Ren Weiwei , Sun Liping , Liu Chang , Wang Dan , Guo Lehang , Xu Huixiong , Zhao Yongxiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBiomarkers (e.g., acidity, H2O2, hypoxia, and specific molecules) as one primary component of tumor microenvironments are closely associated with occurrence, invasion, and metastasis of malignancy, thus can act as biological targets. However, their monitoring remains a challenging task. Herein, a coordination‐dependent longitudinal relaxation tuning (CLRT) that occurs between a Mn2+ “donor” and a Mn2+ “acceptor” is established to enable biological target sensing. Relying on the differences of coordination ability and spatial structure between donors and acceptors, the biological targets as Mn2+ acceptor can take Mn2+ away from the donors (i.e., modified ligands) in nanoscale probes, which consequently varies T1‐weighted (T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal. The coordination ability and spatial structure of the modified Mn2+ “donor” and the pore diameter of donor carrier are demonstrated to determine the feasibility, specificity, and generality of CLRT. With CLRT, this MRI‐based ruler is demonstrated for the successful specific detection of biological targets (i.e., hyaluronic acid and glutathione) of malignancy, and its potential in quantitative measurement of hyaluronic acid is further demonstrated. CLRT can serve as a novel and general sensing principle to augment the exploration of a wide range of biological systems.
In Situ Grain Boundary Functionalization for Stable and Efficient Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zeng Zhaobing , Zhang Jing , Gan Xinlei , Sun Hongrui , Shang Minghui , Hou Dagang , Lu Chaojie , Chen Renjie , Zhu Yuejin , Han Liyuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe phase instability and large energy loss are two obstacles to achieve stable and efficient inorganic‐CsPbI3−xBrxperovskite solar cells. In this work, stable cubic perovskite (α)‐phase CsPbI2Br is successfully achieved by Pb(Ac)2functioning at the grain boundary under low temperature. Ac−strongly coordinates with CsPbI2Br to stabilize the α‐phase and also make the grain size smaller and film uniform by fast nucleation. PbO is formed in situ at the grain boundary by decomposing Pb(Ac)2at high‐temperature annealing. The semiconducting PbO effectively passivates the surface states, reduces the interface recombination, and promotes the charge transport in CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells. A 12% efficiency and good stability are obtained for in situ PbO‐passivated CsPbI2Br solar cells, while Pb(Ac)2‐passivated device exhibits 8.7% performance and the highest stability, much better than the control device with 8.5% performance and inferior stability. This article highlights the extrinsic ionic grain boundary functionalization to achieve stable and efficient inorganic CsPbI3−xBrxmaterials and the devices.
Are geomorphological typologies for estuaries also useful for classifying their ecosystems?
Authors: Mahoney Peter C. , Bishop Melanie J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

With the large number of estuaries within many jurisdictions, it is not always feasible to develop estuary‐specific management plans. Typologies that identify ecologically similar estuaries may assist in delineating groups of estuaries across which common conservation strategies may be developed, where key threatening processes are also similar.
Estuarine typologies have been implemented in many countries, but most are based on hydrology and/or geomorphology rather than ecology. This study assessed the extent to which an Australian estuarine ternary classification scheme, which assigns estuaries to geomorphic classes according to wave, tidal and riverine influences, also captures differences in the mosaic of habitat types present.
An analysis of 352 Australian estuaries and coastal waterways, for which geomorphological classifications and areas of key habitats were available, revealed strong differences in habitat mosaics among geomorphic classes. These differences among classes in habitat mosaics were independent of the extent of anthropogenic modification.
The areal extent of mangrove and saltmarsh habitats displayed particularly large differences among estuarine geomorphic classes, being greatest in tide‐dominated estuaries and deltas, and being smallest in wave‐dominated estuaries, deltas, and strandplains.
Overall, results suggest that geomorphic classification schemes may be useful in identifying groups of ecologically similar estuaries, for which common conservation strategies might be developed, depending on stressors. This approach will be particularly useful in developing management strategies for estuaries where detailed habitat maps are not available.
Peculiar Triarylamine‐Based Co‐assembled Supramolecular Polymers That Exhibit Two Transition Temperatures in the Formation of a Coiled Helical Bundle
Authors: Seo Hyowon , Go Misun , Choi Heekyoung , Kim Ka Young , Choi Yeonweon , Lee Shim Sung , Jung Sung Ho , Jung Jong Hwa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the peculiar co‐assembly supramolecular polymerization behavior of triphenylamine trisamide derivatives with d‐alanine (T‐ala) or glycine (T‐gly) moieties. Concentration and temperature‐dependent circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed that the heating curves of co‐assemblies obtained at various molar ratios of T‐ala to T‐gly exhibited two distinct transition temperatures. The first transition was due to the transformation from coiled helical bundles to single helical fibers without handedness. The second was due to a change from typical elongation to nucleation. These phenomena were confirmed by solvent‐dependent decoiling of coiled helical structures and concentration‐dependent morphological analysis. The two transitioning temperatures were dependent on the concentration of T‐ala in the co‐assemblies, suggesting that T‐ala concentration plays an important role in the formation of coiled helical bundles. Our study demonstrated the first observation of two distinct transition temperatures in supramolecular polymers.
Identification of an unknown glycoprotein from whole cell lysate using conA and mass spectrometry*
Authors: Yan Jianghong , Hu Shupeng , Xu Xiudan , Zhao Dezhang , Wu Mingjun , Luo Suxin , Xia Yong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMedical laboratory technology major was set up to meet rapid development of science and medical research technology in 2013. Students majoring in medical laboratory had learnt a lot of techniques distributed among different specialized courses. But, they did not understand why they had to learn these techniques and how they were applied in a real‐world research setting. In a one‐month innovation experimental practice described herein, students had learnt to induce, purify and identify an unknown glycoprotein from whole cell lysate using conA‐based affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Unlike in a traditional cookbook‐style experiment, students chose a research subject on their own and did experiment using their selected variables. Over the one‐month laboratory periods, students used sterile technique to cultivate cells, induced glycoprotein expression using LPS and IFN‐γ, purified glycoprotein from cell lysate using agarose‐conA beads, identified a glycoprotein via mass spectrometry, and confirmed the result using western blotting. At end of the practice, students were asked to evaluate their experiences via an anonymous survey. All students declared that this experimental practice was interesting and meaningful to them. The process of completing the project was to apply the learnt techniques to real‐world biochemistry research, so they became aware of the importance and significance of techniques. © 2018 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46:373–381, 2018.
Safe delivery of lung stereotactic body radiation therapy in a patient with a left ventricular assist device and implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Authors: Ostertag‐Hill Claire A. , Mudd James , Werle Daniel P. , Tieu Brandon H. , Nabavizadeh Nima 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageThis is the first case to discuss the safe delivery of stereotactic body radiation therapy to a left lower lobe lung nodule in a patient with a third generation left ventricular assist device (Heartware®) and implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
Pedunculated small bowel lipoma with heterotopic pancreas causing intussusception
Authors: Papageorge Marianna , Waghray Abhijeet , Chen Lilian , Yoo James 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageSmall bowel intussusception is a relatively uncommon cause of abdominal pain. The diagnosis is often delayed due to vague symptoms and limitations with current endoscopic and radiographic approaches to evaluate the small bowel lumen. Treatment often requires surgical resection, which can usually be performed in a minimally invasive fashion.
Optimizing Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 on Fe2O3/WO3 via Redox‐Acid Synergy
Authors: Li Chao , Huang Zhiwei , Chen Yaxin , Liu Xiaona , Chen Junxiao , Qu Weiye , Ma Zhen , Tang Xingfu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn iron‐tungsten oxide catalyst was developed for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (NH3‐SCR) by supporting Fe2O3 nanoparticles onto hexagonal WO3 nanorods. The Fe2O3/WO3 catalyst showed much higher catalytic activity than Fe2O3 and WO3, as explained by the synergistic effects caused by acid sites (provided by WO3) and redox sites (provided by Fe2O3). X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques revealed that the crystal structures and morphologies of Fe2O3 and WO3 kept unchanged during the preparation of Fe2O3/WO3. NH3 adsorption curves, NH3 temperature programmed desorption, and temperature programmed surface reaction of NO demonstrated that WO3 possessed strong acidity but poor redox ability, whereas Fe2O3 had high redox ability but inadequate acidic property. Therefore, the enhancement in catalytic activity (when using Fe2O3/WO3 as a catalyst) should originate from the redox‐acid synergy, as further evidenced by the low SCR activity of pure Fe2O3 and Fe2O3/TiO2 with low capacity for adsorbing NH3. In addition, Fe2O3/WO3 showed high activity and stability in the presence of K+, SO2, and H2O, demonstrating its potential in practical applications.
Unexpected High Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Activity of Metal Complexes with Three‐Branched Hexadentate 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Wolff Marie C. , van Steerteghem Nick , Clays Koen , Heck Jürgen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTwo hexadentate bipyridine ligands and their RuII and NiII complexes were prepared. The helical alignment of the three electron‐donor–π‐bridge–electron‐acceptor (d‐π‐A) single‐strands with bundle architecture in cooperation with the metal center can strongly enhance the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The complexation of the novel cage‐type hexadentate ligands with a paramagnetic NiII‐core almost doubles the βHRS values compared with the corresponding diamagnetic RuII complexes. The hyper‐Rayleigh scattering (HRS) was performed with a highly sensitive setup for simultaneous discrimination between multi‐photon fluorescence and the molecular first hyperpolarizability.
A Solvation/Desolvation Indicator Based on van der Waals Interactions between Solvents and Porphyrins
Authors: Satake Akiharu , Suzuki Yuki , Sugimoto Motonobu , Shimazaki Tatsumi , Ishii Hidekazu , Kuramochi Yusuke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSolvation is a ubiquitous phenomenon associated with molecules in solutions. It often determines the equilibria of molecular systems and the rates of chemical reactions. Van der Waals interactions (a general term) includes weak interactions among noncharged compounds and it contributes significantly to solvation. The distinct observation of van der Waals interaction between solvent and porphyrin derivatives is reported herein. Bis(imidazolylporphyrinatozinc) structures connected through a 1,3‐butadiyne moiety give two types of coordination polymers, E (extended) and S (stacked) polymers, exclusively. E polymers have larger solvent‐accessible surface areas than the corresponding S polymers. Therefore, E polymers are better solvated than S polymers, providing an indicator of solvation and desolvation for the solvents used. A simple method (like a litmus test) was developed to evaluate the solvation ability of various solvents. Sixty‐seven solvents and liquid compounds were tested, under the same conditions, using a conventional UV/Vis spectrometer. The results revealed a new liquid group with high solvation ability towards the porphyrins, and clarified van der Waals interaction assisted by secondary interaction on the substituents. The indicator system should contribute to the solution chemistry of molecules and materials, and to supramolecular chemistry interactions among hetero components.
Exploitation of Environment‐Sensitive Luminophores in the Design of Sydnone‐Based Bioorthogonal Imaging Reagents
Authors: Lee Lawrence Cho‐Cheung , Cheung Hugo Man‐Hin , Liu Hua‐Wei , Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough the strain‐promoted sydnone–alkyne cycloaddition reaction has been utilized for bioconjugation, its potential applications in bioorthogonal labeling and imaging in live cells have not been explored. This communication reports novel bioorthogonal imaging reagents with environment‐sensitive emission properties through the modification of sydnone with cyclometalated iridium(III) polypyridine complexes. These complexes displayed significant emission enhancement and lifetime elongation upon reaction with strained alkyne derivatives, and were utilized to label cyclooctyne‐modified proteins and ceramide molecules in live cells. Additionally, the manipulation of the photocytotoxicity of the complexes through the use of a bioorthogonal reagent was demonstrated.
Getting Closer to Absolute Molar Masses of Technical Lignins
Authors: Zinovyev Grigory , Sulaeva Irina , Podzimek Stepan , Rössner Dierk , Kilpeläinen Ilkka , Sumerskii Ivan , Rosenau Thomas , Potthast Antje 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDetermination of molecular weight parameters of native and, in particular, technical lignins are based on size exclusion chromatography (SEC) approaches. However, no matter which approach is used, either conventional SEC with a refractive index detector and calibration with standards or multi‐angle light scattering (MALS) detection at 488 nm, 633 nm, 658 nm, or 690 nm, all variants can be severely erroneous. The lack of calibration standards with high structural similarity to lignin impairs the quality of the molar masses determined by conventional SEC, and the typical fluorescence of (technical) lignins renders the corresponding MALS data rather questionable. Application of MALS detection at 785 nm by using an infrared laser largely overcomes those problems and allows for a reliable and reproducible determination of the molar mass distributions of all types of lignins, which has been demonstrated in this study for various and structurally different analytes, such as kraft lignins, milled‐wood lignin, lignosulfonates, and biorefinery lignins. The topics of calibration, lignin fluorescence, and lignin UV absorption in connection with MALS detection are critically discussed in detail, and a reliable protocol is presented. Correction factors based on MALS measurements have been determined for commercially available calibration standards, such as pullulan and polystyrene sulfonate, so that now more reliable mass data can be obtained also if no MALS system is available and these conventional calibration standards have to be resorted to.