bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CETP inhibition and ADCY9 genotype: evidence of a qualitative pharmacogenetic interaction in cardiovascular disease?
Authors: Holmes Michael V , Davey Smith George 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundCETP inhibitors raise circulating concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, and potent inhibitors also lower non-HDL-cholesterol and risk of vascular disease. Previous genome-wide pharmacogenetic analysis of a phase III randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the CETP inhibitor, dalcetrapib, found variants in ADCY9 to associate with response to treatment. More recently, findings from a pharmacogenetic analysis of the CETP inhibitor evacetrapib reported a lack of such an association.AimsTo clarify the totality of evidence on whether ADCY9 genotype modifies the treatment response to CETP inhibition on risk of major adverse cardiac events through systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched PubMed on 22nd May 2018 to identify RCTs of CETP inhibition that reported vascular disease effect estimates stratified by ADCY9 genotype. Stratum-specific estimates were pooled using fixed effect meta-analysis. Tests of heterogeneity between, and trend across, genotypic strata were assessed using Chi2.ResultsNine studies were identified from PubMed, of which two (dal-OUTCOMES and ACCELERATE) were RCTs reporting the treatment response to CETP inhibition by ADCY9 genotype, and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In meta-analysis of dal-OUTCOMES and ACCELERATE, treatment with a CETP inhibitor was associated with a relative risk (RR) for major adverse cardiac events of RR 0.80 (95%CI, 0.65-0.99) in carriers of ADCY9 rs1967309 AA. For carriers of AG, the corresponding estimate was a RR of 1.01 (95%CI, 0.89-1.13), and for GG carriers, it was RR 1.21 (95%CI, 1.06-1.40). We identified evidence of heterogeneity (P=0.004) and a trend (P=0.0009) across genotypic groups.ConclusionsIn contrast to the interpretation provided by authors of the analysis based in the ACCELERATE trial, the available evidence lends weak support to a potential interaction of CETP treatment by ADCY9 genotype on risk of major adverse cardiac events. Additional data, e.g. from the ongoing dal-GenE trial focused explicitly on this interaction, should provide further clarity regarding the robustness of this pharmacogenetic effect.
Biochemical, molecular and antibiotic resistance profile of multi-potential toluene metabolizing bacteria isolated from tannery effluents
Authors: Muccee Fatima , Ejaz Samina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe focus of present study was to isolate and characterize bacteria which can be effectively used for toluene, a highly recalcitrant pollutant, bioremediation. For isolation of bacteria from the tannery effluents selective enrichment and serial dilution methods were employed. The isolated bacteria were subjected to growth curve analysis, estimation of toluene removal efficiencies, biochemical tests, antibiotic sensitivity assays and molecular characterization based upon 16S rRNA gene. The rRNA genes sequences were analyzed through BLAST to determine similarity index of isolates with bacterial database sequences. To trace the evolutionary history, phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA version 7. Total twenty toluene metabolizing bacteria (IUBT1-2, 4-12, 16, 19, 21, 23-26, 28 and 30) were isolated and characterized. Their rRNA gene sequences have been submitted to Genbank. Fifteen of the twenty isolates showed homology toBrevibacillus agristrain NBRC 15538, four found similar toBacillus paralicheniformisstrain KJ-16 and one homologous toBurkholderia latastrain 383. All bacterial isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol but sensitive to teicoplanin and linezolid. However, few (i. e.; IUBT9 and 26) were sensitive to oxacillin. Biochemical characterization indicated all bacteria positive for alkaline phosphatases (100%). While many were found positive for p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl β, D-glucosaminidase (35%), hydroxyproline β-naphthylaminopeptidase (15%), esculinase (65%), mannitol (75%), sorbitol (95%) and inulin (90%) fermentation. Biochemical profile suggests the use of isolated bacteria for future exploitation in several fields like bioremediation of toluene, ethanol production, biomass hydrolysis, biosensors, biofertilizers, as a marker for milk pasteurization in dairy industries and evaluation of soil quality.ImportanceToluene is a highly toxic environmental pollutant. We have isolated bacteria which can be effectively used for the removal of toluene from environmental resources. Moreover, these bacteria are capable to produce many valuable enzymes which can be used in many industrial processes for the production of a wide range of products. Further study may help to exploit these bacterial for the benefit of humanity.
Early split between African and European populations of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kapopoulou Adamandia , Kapun Martin , Pavlidis Pavlos , Pieper Bjorn , Wilches Ricardo , Stephan Wolfgang , Laurent Stefan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNatural populations of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have been used extensively as a model system to investigate the effect of neutral and selective processes on genetic variation. The species expanded outside its Afrotropical ancestral range during the last glacial period and numerous studies have focused on identifying molecular adaptations associated with the colonization of northern habitats. The sequencing of many genomes from African and non-African natural populations has facilitated the analysis of the interplay between adaptive and demographic processes. However, most of the non-African sequenced material has been sampled from American and Australian populations that have been introduced within the last hundred years following recent human dispersal and are also affected by recent genetic admixture with African populations. Northern European populations, at the contrary, are expected to be older and less affected by complex admixture patterns and are therefore more appropriate to investigate neutral and adaptive processes. Here we present a new dataset consisting of 14 fully sequenced haploid genomes sampled from a natural population in Umeå, Sweden. We co-analyzed this new data with an African population to compare the likelihood of several competing demographic scenarios for European and African populations. We show that allowing for gene flow between populations in neutral demographic models leads to a significantly better fit to the data and strongly affects estimates of the divergence time and of the size of the bottleneck in the European population. Our results indicate that the time of divergence between cosmopolitan and ancestral populations is 30,000 years older than reported by previous studies.
Metaproteomics Reveals Potential Mechanisms by which Dietary Resistant Starch Supplementation Attenuates Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Rats
Authors: Zybailov Boris L , Glazko Galina V , Rahmatallah Yasir , Andreyev Dmitri S , McElroy Taylor , Karaduta Oleg , Byrum Stephanie D , Orr Lisa , Tackett Alan J , Mackintosh Samuel G , Edmondson Ricky D , Kieffer Dorothy A , Martin R J , Adams Sean H , Vaziri Nicolas D , Arthur John M 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundResistant starch is a prebiotic metabolized by the gut bacteria. It has been shown to attenuate chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in rats. Previous studies employed taxonomic analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics profiling. Here we expand these studies by metaproteomics, gaining new insight into the host-microbiome interaction.MethodsDifferences between cecum contents in CKD rats fed a diet containing resistant starch with those fed a diet containing digestible starch were examined by comparative metaproteomics analysis. Taxonomic information was obtained using unique protein sequences. Our methodology results in quantitative data covering both host and bacterial proteins.Results5,834 proteins were quantified, with 947 proteins originating from the host organism. Taxonomic information derived from metaproteomics data surpassed previous 16S RNA analysis, and reached species resolutions for moderately abundant taxonomic groups. In particular, the Ruminococcaceae family becomes well resolved – with butyrate producers and amylolytic species such as R. bromii clearly visible and significantly higher while fibrolytic species such as R. flavefaciens are significantly lower with resistant starch feeding. The observed changes in protein patterns are consistent with fiber-associated improvement in CKD phenotype. Several known host CKD-associated proteins and biomarkers of impaired kidney function were significantly reduced with resistant starch supplementation. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD008845.Conclusions- Metaproteomics analysis of cecum contents of CKD rats with and without resistant starch supplementation reveals changes within gut microbiota at unprecedented resolution, providing both functional and taxonomic information. Proteins and organisms differentially abundant with RS supplementation point toward a shift from mucin degraders to butyrate producers.
Association of theGIPRGlu354Gln (rs1800437) polymorphism with hypertension in a brazilian population
Authors: Mattos Alexandro Marcio da Silva , Costa Sarah Conchon , Outuki Giovana , Koga Gustavo Kendy Camargo , Montemor Cláudia Nascimento , Longo Giana Zarbato , Watanabe Maria Angelica Ehara , Amarante Marla Karine , Mazzuco Tânia Longo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo know the prevalence of the Glu354Gln polymorphism of theGIPRgene, investigate possible associations with arterial hypertension and relationships with cardiometabolic diseases.MethodA total of 311 subjects recruited from the Clinical Hospital of Londrina State University, located in a Brazilian metropolitan area. Random stratification was performed considering gender and geographic regions. Data were collected through interviews including anthropometric, sociodemographic and metabolic diseases related diseases. In order to analyzeGIPRGlu354Gln gene polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction followed by followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed.ResultsThe highest prevalence for the allele C carriers were found in the Caucasian 29.4% (p = 0.043, OR = 1,89), hypertensive 37.1% (p < 0.0001), smokers 38.3% (p = 0.014) and dyslipidemic group 41.2% (p = 0.019). In this work 46.9% of the participants (n = 146) presented diseases related to cardiometabolic diseases. The results indicated that 60% of hypertensive patients (p = 0.004) and 64.7% of dyslipidemic patients (p = 0.046) were male. Among participants who presented cardiometabolic diseases, arterial hypertension was the most prevalent disease (71.9%), followed by obesity (43.8%). The family comorbidities history to cardiometabolic diseases (DM2, AH, dyslipidemia and obesity) had no significant association with theGIPRGlu354Gln genetic polymorphism. Although there was no difference in the case-control analyses forGIPRGlu354Gln for cardiometabolic group, regarding C allele carriers there were twice associated with arterial hypertension (p<0,001) and dyslipidemia (p<0,03).ConclusionThe prevalence of theGIPRGlu354Gln for the CC genotype and for the C polymorphic allele was 25.7% and 3.2%, respectively. This study shows the potential participation of theGIPRGlu354Gln polymorphism with the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia in this Brazilian population. Taking into account the rarity of the CC genotype, additional studies with larger numbers of participants could contribute to a better understanding.
Bayesian adjustment for trend of colorectal cancer incidence in misclassified registering across Iranian provinces
Authors: Shojaee Sajad , Hajizadeh Nastaran , Najafimehr Hadis , Busani Luca , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Baghestani Ahmad Reza , Nasserinejad Maryam , Ashtari Sara , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOne of the problems in cancer registry of developing countries is misclassification error. This error leads to overestimation and underestimation of cancer rate in different provinces. The aim of this study is to use Bayesian method to correct for misclassification in registering cancer incidence in neighboring provinces of Iran. Incidence data of colorectal cancer were extracted from Iranian annual of national cancer registration reports 2005 to 2008 And Eighteen of the thirty Iranian provinces were selected to enter the Bayesian model and to correct their misclassification. Always a province with appropriate medical facilities is comparable to its neighbor or neighbors. Between years of 2005 and 2008, on the average, 28% misclassification was estimated between the province of East Azarbaijan and West Azarbayjan, 56% between the province of Fars and Hormozgan, 43% between the province of Isfahan and Charmahal and Bakhtyari, 46% between the province of Isfahan and Lorestan, 58% between the province of Razavi Khorasan and North Khorasan, 50% between the province of Razavi Khorasan and South Khorasan, 74% between the province of Razavi Khorasan and Sistan and Balochestan, 43% between the province of Mazandaran and Golestan, 37% between the province of Tehran and Qazvin, 45% between the province of Tehran and Markazi, 42% between the province of Tehran and Qom, 47% between the province of Tehran and Zanjan. Correcting the regional misclassification and obtaining the correct rates of cancer incidence in different regions is necessary for making cancer control and prevention programs and in healthcare resource allocation.
Locus Coeruleus tracking of prediction errors optimises cognitive flexibility: an Active Inference model
Authors: Sales Anna C , Friston Karl J. , Jones Matthew W. , Pickering Anthony E. , Moran Rosalyn J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe locus coeruleus (LC) in the pons is the major source of noradrenaline (NA) in the brain. Two modes of LC firing have been associated with distinct cognitive states: changes in tonic rates of firing are correlated with global levels of arousal and behavioural flexibility, whilst phasic LC responses are evoked by salient stimuli. Here, we unify these two modes of firing by modelling the response of the LC as a correlate of a prediction error when inferring states for action planning under Active Inference (AI).We simulate a classic Go/No-go reward learning task and a three-arm foraging task and show that, if LC activity is considered to reflect the magnitude of high level ‘state-action’ prediction errors, then both tonic and phasic modes of firing are emergent features of belief updating. We also demonstrate that when contingencies change, AI agents can update their internal models more quickly by feeding back this state-action prediction error – reflected in LC firing and noradrenaline release – to optimise learning rate, enabling large adjustments over short timescales. We propose that such prediction errors are mediated by cortico-LC connections, whilst ascending input from LC to cortex modulates belief updating in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).In short, we characterise the LC/ NA system within a general theory of brain function. In doing so, we show that contrasting, behaviour-dependent firing patterns are an emergent property of the LC’s crucial role in translating prediction errors into an optimal mediation between plasticity and stability.Author SummaryThe brain uses sensory information to build internal models and make predictions about the world. When errors of prediction occur, models must be updated to ensure desired outcomes are still achieved. Neuromodulator chemicals provide a possible pathway for triggering such changes in brain state. One such neuromodulator, noradrenaline, originates predominantly from a cluster of neurons in the brainstem – the locus coeruleus (LC) – and plays a key role in behaviour, for instance, in determining the balance between exploiting or exploring the environment.Here we use Active Inference (AI), a mathematical model of perception and action, to formally describe LC function. We propose that LC activity is triggered by errors in prediction and that the subsequent release of noradrenaline alters the rate of learning about the environment. Biologically, this describes an LC-cortex feedback loop promoting behavioural flexibility in times of uncertainty. We model LC output as a simulated animal performs two tasks known to elicit archetypal responses. We find that experimentally observed ‘phasic’ and ‘tonic’ patterns of LC activity emerge naturally, and that modulation of learning rates improves task performance. This provides a simple, unified computational account of noradrenergic computational function within a general model of behaviour.
Understanding the value of big data in supply chain management and its business processes
Authors: Brinch Morten 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The value of big data in supply chain management (SCM) is typically motivated by the improvement of business processes and decision-making practices. However, the aspect of value associated with big data in SCM is not well understood. The purpose of this paper is to mitigate the weakly understood nature of big data concerning big data’s value in SCM from a business process perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
A content-analysis-based literature review has been completed, in which an inductive and three-level coding procedure has been applied on 72 articles.

Findings
By identifying and defining constructs, a big data SCM framework is offered using business process theory and value theory as lenses. Value discovery, value creation and value capture represent different value dimensions and bring a multifaceted view on how to understand and realize the value of big data.

Research limitations/implications
This study further elucidates big data and SCM literature by adding additional insights to how the value of big data in SCM can be conceptualized. As a limitation, the constructs and assimilated measures need further empirical evidence.

Practical implications
Practitioners could adopt the findings for conceptualization of strategies and educational purposes. Furthermore, the findings give guidance on how to discover, create and capture the value of big data.

Originality/value
Extant SCM theory has provided various views to big data. This study synthesizes big data and brings a multifaceted view on its value from a business process perspective. Construct definitions, measures and research propositions are introduced as an important step to guide future studies and research designs.
The impacts of public investment on private investment and economic growth
Authors: Nguyen Canh Thi , Trinh Lua Thi 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess both short and long-term influences of public investment on economic growth and test the hypothesis that whether public investment promotes or demotes private investment in Vietnam.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use the approach of autoregressive distributed lag model and Vietnam’s macro data in the period of 1990-2016, to evaluate the short and long-term effects of public investment on economic growth and private investment. The model evaluates the impact of public investment on economic growth and private investment based on the neoclassical theories. The public investment which strongly affects economic growth is also reflected by aggregate supply and demand. Public investment directly impacts aggregate demand as a government expenditure and aggregate supply as a production function (capital factor).

Findings
The results from this research indicate that public investment in Vietnam in the past period does affect economic growth in the pattern of an inverted-U shape as of Barro (1990), with positive effects mostly occurring from the second year and negative effects of constraining long-term growth. Meanwhile, investment from the private sector, state-owned enterprises, and FDI has positive effects on short-term economic growth and state-owned capital stock has positive impacts on economic growth in both the short and long run. The estimated influence of public investment on private investment also shows a similar inverted-U shape in which public investment have crowding-in private investment short-term but crowding-out in the long run.

Practical implications
The empirical findings in this study can be used for conducting a more efficient policy in restructuring the state sector investment in Vietnam.

Originality/value
The main contributions in this study are: to evaluate the impacts of public investment on economic growth and private investment, the authors extracted public investment in infrastructure from aggregate investment of state sector (as previous studies used); the authors also uses state-owned capital stock variable including cumulative public investment and state-owned enterprises investment suggesting that this could control for the different orders of integration between the stock and flow variable and improve the experimental characteristics of the equation to a higher degree.
Holy guacamole! Framing and the Chipotle contamination issue
Authors: Brummette John , Fussell Sisco Hilary 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the networks that form around an organizational crisis and identify the most predominant frames communicated by the traditional media and other social media users.

Design/methodology/approach
Through the systematic analysis of 3,000 tweets, this study utilized the social analysis method to map and measure how crisis information spreads through social media as well as a content analysis to identify the type of frames being communicated online immediately following a crisis.

Findings
The results of this analysis show that the media were the most active and influential sharers of information following Chipotle’s E. coli crisis. This information shaped the frame of the story, which focused on the hazard components involved in the crisis and the outrage of the organization’s publics. Consequently, stakeholders framed the situation as an issue of policy due to poor food handling procedures.

Practical implications
This study also reaffirms the important presence of traditional media organizations as the originators of information in a crisis. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate how Twitter can serve as a framing tool for an organization’s stakeholders. Communication managers and professionals can use the methods in this study to gauge public sentiment and obtain information that can be used to shape their consequent crisis management efforts.

Originality/value
Findings from this study reveal that as awareness of an issue spreads, stakeholders will quickly turn to social media to obtain and share information, as well as communicate about the issue with other social media users. This study demonstrates how the SNA method can be used to develop theory, in the realm of social media and online communication and provide guidance for professionals crafting their communication.