bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Associations Between Lung Cancer Prognosis and Diagnostic Criteria Set by the European Palliative Care Research Collaboration and the Asian Working Group for Cachexia
Authors: Katsushima Utae , Fukushima Takuya , Nakano Jiro , Ogushi Naoya , Fujii Kazuki , Nagata Yutaro , Kamisako Keisuke , Okuno Yukiko , Okazaki Yuta , Nakanishi Kentaro , Yoshida Kiyori , Ikoma Tatsuki , Takeyasu Yuki , Yamanaka Yuta , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Hase Kimitaka , Kurata Takayasu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCachexia is a poor prognostic factor in many advanced cancers. Cachexia diagnostic criteria of the European Palliative Care Research Collaboration (EPCRC) may underestimate cachexia in Asians; therefore, new criteria have been proposed by the Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC). We compared both criteria to determine differences in diagnostic rates and their association with lung cancer prognosis.Patients and MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective cohort study considered lung cancer outpatients receiving chemotherapy. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank tests. The association between cachexia diagnosis and prognosis was examined for each set of criteria using a Cox proportional hazards model. C‐statistic analysis was performed to compare the discriminative power for prognosis.ResultsAmong the 106 participants analyzed (median age, 75 [71–79] years; 75 males [70.8%]; 91 [85.9%] with performance status [PS] 0–1), 58 (54.7%) and 77 (72.6%) cachexia cases were diagnosed using the EPCRC and AWGC criteria, respectively. The latter encompassed all but one patient diagnosed using the EPCRC criteria. Patients with cachexia had a significantly poorer prognosis according to both criteria (EPCRC, p = 0.002; AWGC, p = 0.001). Both criteria had almost equal discriminative power for prognosis (EPCRC, C‐statistic = 0.658; AWGC, C‐statistic = 0.658). CRP in the AWGC criteria was most strongly related to prognosis.ConclusionsCachexia was an independent poor prognostic factor in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy under the AWGC and EPCRC criteria, both of which had similar prognostic discriminatory power. Among CRP, anorexia, and grip strength, elevated CRP may be the most prognostically relevant parameter in the AWGC criteria.
G protein‐coupled receptor–receptor interactions in gonadal physiology
Authors: Lazzaretti Clara , Ayoub Mohammed Akli , Casarini Livio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundGonadotropins are glycoprotein hormones fundamental in the endocrine regulation of reproduction. They act on structurally similar members of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed exclusively in the gonads and support gametogenesis, sex steroid synthesis, and pregnancy. While it is a common opinion that the gonadotropin receptors act as a single molecule entity (monomer), increasing evidence underlines the formation of molecular complexes involving multiple receptors.ObjectivesTo review current knowledge of membrane receptor‐receptor interactions in reproduction.Results and DiscussionHomo/heteromers of gonadotropin receptors may act as allosteric modulators, act as biased agonist and/or cooperate in sustaining intracellular signals fundamental to support reproduction. Technical limitations lead to in vitro data that require to be confirmed in vivo to figure out the physiological impact of gonadotropin receptor assemblies.ConclusionsGonadotropin receptor homo/heteromers provide a new field of research that deserves attention for possible clinical and therapeutic implications in physiology and pathophysiology.
Facilitators and Barriers to Access to Midwife‐Led Birth Settings for Racialized Women in the UK: A Scoping Review
Authors: Melamed Anna , Rocca‐Ihenacho Lucia , Horn Anna , McCourt Christine , Rivers Frances , Daniele Marina Alice Sylvia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn UK maternity care, racialized women have worse experiences and clinical outcomes than White women. Midwife‐led birth settings (MLBS), including home births and midwife‐led units, both freestanding and alongside hospitals, are all available as choices for low‐risk women in the UK. MLBS deliver optimal outcomes for low‐risk women with uncomplicated pregnancies, including for racialized women, and can offer culturally specific care, possibly mitigating existing social inequalities. Evidence suggests that racialized women access MLBS less than White women.AimTo map existing literature on facilitators and barriers to accessing MLBS for racialized women and to identify emerging themes.MethodA scoping review of UK literature over the last 10 years using OVID, Ebsco Host, and gray literature. Search, selection, and data extraction were performed using PRISMA and JBI guidelines. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFourteen articles met the inclusion criteria, only one addressing the research question directly and others containing some relevant material. Six themes were identified: admission criteria, information giving, the role of antenatal groups, bias and assumptions, beliefs about birth, and MLBS as empowering.ConclusionsThere is a lack of research on racialized women's access to MLBS. Community outreach, having midwifery services embedded in the community, defaulting to MLBS for women categorized as low risk, continuity of carer, and interventions achieving a reduction in care‐giver bias may improve access and outcomes.
Sarcopenia may increase cisplatin toxicity in bladder cancer patients with borderline renal function
Authors: Haile Eiftu S. , Lone Zaeem , Shin David , Nowacki Amy S. , Soputro Nicolas , Harris Kyle , Campbell Rebecca A. , Wood Andrew , Haywood Samuel C. , Eltemamy Mohamed , Haber Georges‐Pascal , Weight Christopher J. , Wood Hadley M. , Taliercio Jonathan J. , Nizam Amanda , Gupta Shilpa , Remer Erick M. , Almassi Nima 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo assess whether the effect of sarcopenia on neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) toxicity is modified by borderline renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 40–65 mL/min) and whether sarcopenia and borderline renal function are independently associated with NAC toxicity risk.Patients and MethodsAll patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) between 2010 and 2022, with available cross‐sectional imaging prior to NAC initiation, were included. Skeletal mass was measured from axial computed tomography images obtained at the level of the L3 vertebral body, using Aquarius Intuition software. Sarcopenia was assigned based on consensus definitions of skeletal mass index. NAC toxicity was graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of NAC‐associated renal toxicity.ResultsA total of 216 patients were included. Most patients had sarcopenia (83%) and received gemcitabine/cisplatin NAC (76%). In an unadjusted model, sarcopenia was associated with a significant risk of renal‐associated NAC toxicity (odds ratio [OR] 4.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65–14.44; P = 0.004). In an effect modification model evaluating the interaction between sarcopenia and renal function, the OR for renal toxicity with sarcopenia among patients with eGFR 40–65 mL/min was 8.46 (95% CI 1.06–67.72) vs 3.11 (95% CI 0.81–11.88) among patients with normal renal function (P = 0.43).ConclusionAmong MIBC patients who received NAC, sarcopenia was associated with higher odds of NAC‐associated renal toxicity and may increase risk of renal toxicity among patients with borderline renal function.
Assessment of Affordances in the Home Environment and Neurodevelopment of Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome
Authors: Borba Raíne , Falcão Juliane , Freitas Tatiane , Marques Cláudia , Nóbrega Lucélia , O. Ventura Liana , Sallum Juliana , V. Ventura Camila , Higino Taciana , Rocha Camilla , Wheeler Anne C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCongenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is characterized by brain abnormalities caused by in utero exposure to the Zika virus (ZIKV), resulting in significant neurodevelopmental, motor and visual impairments in affected children. These impairments hinder their ability to engage in social interactions and explore their surroundings. However, personalized and continuous sensory stimulation, particularly within the home environment, may play a crucial role in supporting motor and visual development in these children. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between sensory stimulation in the home environment and the motor and visual development of children with CZS.MethodThis cross‐sectional study included children with CZS. The Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development (AHEMD) instrument was administered to caregivers to assess motor stimulation opportunities at home. All children underwent neurodevelopmental milestone assessments using the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development‐Third Edition (BSID‐III). Gross motor function was further assessed with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and functional vision was evaluated by using the functional vision developmental milestones test (FVDMT).ResultsEighty‐five children with a mean age of 39.9 ± 2.3 (24.0–42.0) months were included. Forty‐one children (48.2%) lived in homes with ‘very weak’ environmental stimulation. The children showed profound developmental delays in all domains of the BSID‐III with an average neurodevelopmental age of 39.9 ± 2.3 (24–42) months. On the GMFM, over 90.0% of children could not initiate or maintain the required movements and postures for sitting, crawling, standing, walking, running and jumping. A significant positive correlation was found between the variety of home sensory stimulation with the AHEMD and the scores at the BSID‐III motor scales as well as the GMFM. More fine motor materials in the home context correlated with better gross motor scores on the BSID‐III (p = 0.016), increased likelihood of passing the ‘sitting’ (p = 0.041) and ‘standing’ (p = 0.019) items of the GMFM. Children with less visual impairment in parameters of the FVDMT [‘eye contact’ (p = 0.032), ‘social smile’ (p = 0.031) and ‘movements to achieve’ (p = 0.007)] had more stimulating home environment.ConclusionNearly half of the children with CZS who exhibited neurodevelopmental delays lived in homes lacking appropriate sensory stimulation. This study suggests that motor and visual development, including fine and gross motor skills as well as functional vision, may be benefited by the quantity and quality of play and stimulation opportunities available at home.
What hepatology clinicians and their patients with alcohol‐related liver disease think of wearable alcohol biosensors to aid abstinence from alcohol: A qualitative study
Authors: DiMartini Andrea , Behari Jaideep , Punzi Jon , Dunn Michael , Bataller Ramon , Jakicic John M. , McNulty Mary , Young Ryan C. , Dew Mary Amanda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to determine acceptability and feasibility of innovative wearable alcohol biosensor monitors (ABM) for patients with alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) and their clinicians.MethodsPatients and clinicians at a tertiary care centre participated in qualitative interviews on usability, acceptability, feasibility, efficiency/effectiveness, impact of device on behaviour/clinical practice and preferences/barriers. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and coded using a constant comparison method for category themes.ResultsPatients (n = 23) were 56% female, mean 44 years old, 87% White, with moderate–severe liver disease. Some felt the ABMs appearance was unappealing; others felt it provided an opportunity for openness and education of others. While some found it feasible to wear, others felt it was unrealistic to wear 24/7. Importantly, there were many positive themes on effectiveness/efficiency—participants felt the ABM could better record their alcohol use and patterns of use than they could remember. Patients felt wearing the ABM motivated abstinence, gave accountability and was a source of security.Clinicians (n = 13) were mostly hepatologists (77%), seeing on average 38 ALD patients/month. Clinicians felt seeing patterns and amounts of alcohol use could inform clinical decision making and treatments but expressed concern over the volume and complexity of data.Discussion and ConclusionsPerspectives on ABMs for managing ALD were mixed among patients and providers. Future device designs may overcome acceptability barriers due to device appearance. However, for clinicians, the logistics of data gathering plus the complexity and volume of data produced by the ABM device requires considerable thought to make this an efficient tool for clinical use. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03533660: Alcohol biosensor monitoring for alcohol liver disease.
Professional Development of Expatriate Higher Education Faculty Through Informal and Incidental Learning on Social Media
Authors: Zhou Yinyin , Gu Haibo , Wang Qian , Tornquist Michelle , Zhang Xiaojun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWhile formal, digital‐technology‐based professional development for higher education faculty has been extensively studied, informal and incidental learning (IIL) within this area remain underexplored. Integrating the Broaden‐and‐Build Theory with the Informal and Incidental Learning framework, this study examines how positive emotions influence faculty's social media engagement and trigger work‐related IIL, which subsequently enhances professional learning. Interviews were conducted with nine expatriate faculty at a Sino‐British transnational university. The narrative analysis reveals how social media engagement, facilitated by positive emotions, connects personal interests with professional needs to generate self‐directed professional development. This study highlights the value of social‐media‐based learning by distinguishing nuances between informal learning and incidental learning. Findings suggest that social‐media‐based IIL addresses individualised, real‐world challenges like cross‐cultural competencies. Implications for higher education policymakers emphasise the need for building a holistic professional learning environment where faculty's self‐initiated IIL is possible through digital platforms to meet their diverse, tailored needs for professional growth.
Serous‐like breast carcinomas: immunophenotypic, genetic, and clinicopathologic characterization of a morphologically distinct group of tumours
Authors: Krings Gregor , Shamir Eliah R. , Laé Marick , Bean Gregory R. , Post Miriam D. , Schnitt Stuart J. , Chen Yunn‐Yi 
Published: December 2024

AimsUnusual morphologic patterns of breast carcinomas can raise diagnostic consideration for metastasis or special breast cancer subtypes with management implications. We describe rare invasive breast cancers that mimic serous carcinoma of the gynaecologic tract (serous‐like breast carcinomas, SLBC) and characterize their clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features.Methods and ResultsAll patients were female (n = 15, median age 49 years) without a history of gynaecologic malignancy. SLBC were characterized histologically by angulated, branched, sometimes anastomosing glands with micropapillary and/or pseudopapillary luminal projections in desmoplastic stroma. Most SLBC were triple‐negative (TN, n = 10) or HER2‐positive (n = 2) and grade 2 or 3, while some were oestrogen receptor (ER) low‐positive/HER2‐negative and low‐grade (n = 3). CK5/6 was positive irrespective of grade or receptor status (10/10). All SLBC expressed GATA3 (14/15), TRPS1 (7/7), and/or mammaglobin (4/13). SOX10 was positive in most TN (9/10) and all ER low‐positive (3/3) cases, but negative in HER2‐positive tumours. WT1 was universally negative, and PAX8 was focal in one mammaglobin‐positive tumour. All ER‐negative SLBC were p53‐aberrant and 9/11 were p16‐aberrant, whereas ER‐positive tumours were wildtype for both markers (3/3). TP53 was the only frequently mutated gene, altered in all ER‐negative (10/10) but no ER‐positive (0/4) tumours. Clinical behaviour was variable. Only 1/6 patients achieved pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionSLBC is a rare morphologic pattern of invasive breast carcinoma that mimics metastatic serous gynaecologic carcinoma, a potential diagnostic pitfall. SLBC are heterogeneous with respect to grade, receptor profile, and oncogenic driver alterations, without specific genetic underpinnings identified. Additional studies are warranted to further evaluate the clinical behaviour of these tumours.
Nuclear morphological characterisation of lobular carcinoma variants: a morphometric study
Authors: Katayama Ayaka , Makhlouf Shorouk , Toss Michael S , Oyama Tetsunari , Rakha Emad A 
Published: December 2024

Background and aimsLobular carcinoma (LC) of the breast exhibits diverse morphology and clinical behaviour. The pleomorphic variant (pLC) displays distinct cytonuclear features and aggressiveness compared to the classic variant (cLC). However, diagnosing pLC remains subjective. This study aims to refine LC's cytonuclear features, focusing on pLC.MethodsWhole slide images of 59 LCs, including both in situ (LCIS) and invasive (ILC) lesions, were analysed. Nuclear measurements, including nuclear size and variability, were scored using QuPath image analysis software. For comparison, selected features were scored in normal cells (n = 10) and pleomorphism score‐matched invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) of NST type (n = 33). Additional visual assessment of the pleomorphic ILC (pILC) cohort (n = 90) was conducted for cytomorphological features characterisation.ResultspILC demonstrated larger nuclear area and higher nuclear variability with abundance of cytoplasm than cILC. Compared to lymphocytes, pILC demonstrated a median area ranging from 2.7 to 4.7 times larger. Cut‐off values for differentiating pILC from other ILC subtypes included median nuclear area > 48.2 μm2 and interquartile range (IQR) > 19.4, nuclear perimeter median > 25.2 μm and IQR > 5.3 and maximum diameter > 9.1 μm and IQR > 2.2. Multivariable logistic regression confirmed these parameters as independent predictors of pILC, with the maximum diameter being the most significant (P < 0.001). Visual assessment recognised two pILC subtypes: apocrine and non‐apocrine. Apocrine variant showed nuclear roundness, pale vesicular chromatin patterns and prominent nucleoli, while non‐apocrine variant exhibited greater nuclear size and shape variation.ConclusionsObjective nuclear measurements, combined with cytoplasmic and architectural features, provide a robust framework for diagnosing LC subtypes, improving diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility.
A 4‐year follow‐up of root canal obturation using a calcium silicate‐based sealer and a zinc oxide‐eugenol sealer: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bardini Giulia , Bellido Montse Mercade , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero , Casula Laura , Dettori Claudia , Ideo Francesca , Cotti Elisabetta 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimThis randomized clinical trial assessed the outcomes of nonsurgical root canal treatment (RCT), comparing a calcium silicate‐based sealer (CSBS) with the single‐cone technique (SC) with a zinc oxide‐eugenol (ZOE) sealer and warm vertical compaction (WVC).MethodologyNinety‐two single‐ and multi‐rooted teeth were divided into two groups and treated using either the SC with BioRoot™ RCS (BIO) or WVC with Pulp Canal Sealer™ EWT (PCS). Teeth with apical periodontitis (AP) in both groups were further divided into BIOAP and PCSAP subgroups. Standardized instrumentation and disinfection protocols were followed. Periapical index (PAI) was recorded, and clinical and radiographic follow‐ups were conducted at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 months. Outcomes considered included success rate (under strict and loose criteria), extraction, length of filling, voids, and extrusion rate, as well as changes in PAI score from baseline. Outcome variables and prognostic factors were analysed using binary and multiple logistic regression at p < .05.ResultsSixty‐seven teeth were included (recall rate, 73%). At 4‐year follow‐up, the overall success rates (BIO + PCS) were 89.6% by loose criteria and 83.3% by strict criteria. Subgroup success rates (BIOAP+PCSAP) were 88.5% by loose criteria and 80.4% by strict criteria. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of success rate, extraction rate, length of filling, voids, or extrusion (p > .05). The pattern of PAI reduction was similar in both groups (p = .806).ConclusionTreatment using the SC‐CSBS technique and the ZOE sealer with the WVC technique demonstrated a similar success rate.
Exercise and Sexuality in Women With Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yıldız Karaahmet Aysu , Dişli Çetinçay Duygu , Hotun Şahin Nevin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis study aim to assess the impact of different exercise modalities interventions in postmenopausal women on sexuality and the severity of menopausal symptoms.MethodsThe preparation of this systematic review and meta‐analysis rigorously adhered to the PRISMA 2020. This systematic review of the literature was conducted between May and June 2023, utilizing four electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ULAKBİM. Articles were screened using MeSH‐based keywords. Randomized Controlled Trials conducted within the last decade were included in the screening. Data analysis was performed using the Review Manager computer program.ResultsThe analysis encompassed eight studies involving 1127 postmenopausal women. According to the results of the pooled random‐effects model, applied to women after 12 weeks of exercise, the data were significant, indicating a positive impact on sexuality (MD: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.72 to 1.01, Z = 11.47, p < 0.00001). Concerning the psychological symptoms of menopause, the data were also found to be significant, with improvements observed after 12 weeks of exercise in women (MD: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.49, Z = 2.15, p = 0.03).ConclusionThis study provides evidence that a 12‐week exercise regimen administered during the postmenopausal period positively influences postmenopausal women's sexuality and ameliorates psychological menopausal symptoms. However, it does not appear to have an effect on vasomotor menopausal symptoms.PROSPERO NumberCRD42023427991.
Dominant factors of thermal conduction in alkali silicate glasses and melts: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Noguchi Yuma , Shimizu Masahiro , Sukenaga Sohei , Endo Rie , Nishi Tsuyoshi , Shimotsuma Yasuhiko , Miura Kiyotaka 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs representative compositions of the mold flux used in the continuous casting of steel, the temperature and composition dependence of the thermal conductivity of alkali silicate glasses and melts was investigated in the range of 300–1700 K using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. MD simulations can exclude disturbances such as radiation, convection, and impurities, and extract only the effect of phonons on the thermal conduction. Thermal conductivity determined by the laser flash (LF) method was reported to be three times higher than that obtained by the unsteady hot wire (HW) method in the high‐temperature range of 1250–1550 K for 33.3Na2O–66.7SiO2 (mol%). This study shows that (1) the thermal conductivity estimated by MD simulations was closer to the experimental value of the LF method than those of the HW method above 1200 K, which suggests that the LF method is reliable and that the effect of radiation on the thermal conductivity is not significant. (2) The decrease in the thermal conductivity measured by the LF method in the range of 1250–1550 K was attributed to the decrease in the bulk modulus of the 33.3Na2O–66.7SiO2 melt. (3) In a series of Na2O–SiO2 melts, the sound velocity calculated by MD decreased with increasing Na2O content, which is consistent with Shiraishi's ultrasonic wave measurements.