bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma-associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Perkins Zane B. , Haines Ryan W. , Prowle John R. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
A summary of recent research into the epidemiology, cause, management and outcomes of trauma-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). There is an increasing focus on subtypes of AKI to better target clinical management and future research.

Recent findings
AKI associated with trauma occurs in 20–24% of patients admitted to ICU. On the basis of creatinine and/or urine output, AKI occurs in the first few days of traumatic illness. Although various associations have been identified, shock and high-volume blood transfusion are the most consistent risks for development of trauma-associated AKI. Short-term outcomes appear worse for patients with AKI, but extent of longer term kidney function recovery remains unknown. Recent research in the general critical care population is beginning to better inform AKI management; however, currently, preventive and supportive strategies remain the mainstay of AKI management after trauma.

Summary
Well-designed, prospective research is required to better understand the phenotype, pathophysiology and recovery trajectory of trauma-associated AKI. Only then can potentially unique therapeutic targets be developed for this common subtype of AKI.
A Pilot Study of a Screening Tool for Pediatric Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Ohnemus Daniella , Neighbors Katie , Sorensen Lisa G. , Lai Jin‐Shei , Alonso Estella M. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:Despite the need for monitoring cognition for minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in children with portal hypertension, few screening methods exist. The Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Perceived Cognitive Function (PedsPCF) item bank, a 43‐item parent‐ and self‐report questionnaire, could be a useful screening tool. This study aimed to evaluate the PedsPCF item bank as a screening tool and explore its correlation with other neurocognitive measures and clinical indicators of portal hypertension.Methods:Pediatric patients with portal hypertension were recruited at Lurie Children's Liver Clinic. A short battery of neuropsychological tests tapping attention, executive functioning, and fine motor speed was administered along with surveys of cognitive functioning (PedsPCF, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function; BRIEF) and quality of life (PROMIS Pediatric‐25 Profile).Results:Eighteen patients participated (ages 8––17). The PedsPCF correlated well with the BRIEF but did not correlate with neurocognitive testing. Qualitative heatmap analysis of the relationship between z‐scores and clinical signs of portal hypertension suggests the PedsPCF is less sensitive than the BRIEF. The fine motor task (Grooved Pegboard) appears to offer the highest sensitivity of the tests administered and is also relatively quick and easy to administer.Conclusions:Elements of the battery show promise in this small pilot sample. The BRIEF and the Grooved Pegboard may hold the most potential for screening in the clinical setting. Further study is necessary to examine this question in a larger multicenter sample.
Mental Health Literacy Among Chinese Rural Residents
Authors: Li Fenglan , Li Shengnan , Zhou Chunxiao , Wang Fei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A survey was carried among 412 participants to examine mental health literacy in rural China. Two vignettes depicting schizophrenia and depression were presented, and participants were asked to reflect on their recognition and the beliefs about the causes, consequences, and the treatments of the conditions described. Results show that the recognition rates for schizophrenia and depression were 76.9% and 67.7%, respectively. Participants believed work stress, life stress, and encountered frustration were the most important reasons for mental illnesses. Participants believed that mental illnesses could cause many severe consequences to patients, such as emotional pain, bringing pain to the family, deterioration of interpersonal relationships, and destroying the individual's life. The participants were more likely to recommend nonmedical treatment for the patients in the two vignettes. Participants having a higher educational level were more likely to be aware of the consequences of the mental illnesses, and they also had a more positive attitude toward seeking professional help.
Long-Term Health Consequences Among Wenchuan Earthquake Adult Survivors
Authors: Fu Mingqi , Guo Jing , Qu Zhiyong , Han Ziqiang , Wang Shuizhen , He Huan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal health consequences of the Wenchuan earthquake. Based on descriptive analyses of national-level data and multivariate analyses on a six-wave repeated cross-sectional survey, the findings suggested that after 8 years health risks remained high among earthquake-affected survivors; however, a process of recovery existed. To conceptualize these findings, in this study, we proposed a three-stage recovery model in which the postdisaster health status was divided into three stages: acute, stagnant, and adaptive. At each stage, the health risk varied, and over time, associations between health outcomes and protective factors varied. The three-stage recovery model identified the trends of long-term health consequences among adult earthquake survivors and provided guidance for postdisaster reconstruction in China on the basis of protective factors analyses.
Exposure to Parental Threatening Behaviors and Internalizing Psychopathology in a Trauma-Exposed Inpatient Adolescent Sample
Authors: Trent Erika S. , Viana Andres G. , Raines Elizabeth M. , Woodward Emma C. , Zvolensky Michael J. , Candelari Abigail E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Parental threatening behaviors have emerged as a subset of negative parental behaviors strongly related to internalizing symptoms among youth, yet the underlying mechanisms in this association have remained unexplored. The current investigation examined the role of difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior while emotionally distressed in the association between exposure to maternal threatening behaviors and internalizing symptoms among trauma-exposed inpatient psychiatric youth. Participants (N = 50; mean [SD] age, 15.1 [0.51] years; age range, 12–17 years) completed measures of emotion dysregulation, exposure to maternal threatening behaviors, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, as well as trauma-related functional impairment. Results revealed that inability to engage in goal-directed behavior while distressed significantly explained associations between exposure to maternal threatening behaviors and each of the three symptom classes, but not the association between exposure to maternal threatening behaviors and trauma-related functional impairment. These novel findings underscore the need for interventions that target the capacity for goal-directed behavior in the context of emotional distress, especially among trauma-exposed youth who have experienced parental threatening behaviors.
Custom-Made Eyeglass-Holding Hook on a Snapback Cap to Prevent Nose-Pads From Directly Resting Upon the Nose
Authors: Hwang Kun , Kim Dae Joong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The authors innovated a simple device that hooks the bridge of eyeglasses to a snapback cap (EHS) so that the nose-pads of glasses do not rest upon the nose.
A snapback cap with 2 eyelets on the front panel is prepared. A fishing line or IV tubing is introduced through 2 eyelets and a loop is made inside of the cap. A paper clip is bent to make a J-shaped hook that holds the bridge of the glasses. A loop of line is connected through the J-hook and the length is adjusted to prevent the nose-pads of glasses from directly resting on the nose.
The eyeglass-holding hook on a snapback cap pulls the eyeglasses, and the direction of the vector can be adjusted through the eyelets on the front panel and the strap on the back.
Our EHS is simple and cheap. It is considered that patients themselves can produce this device.
Orbital Emphysema After Repair of Orbital Fracture
Authors: Wang Hang , An Jingang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Orbital emphysema is a rare postoperative complication that can cause diplopia and even visual loss. Therefore, immediate diagnosis and treatment are crucial. In this study, a healthy male patient sustained left facial trauma caused by a fall 2 months ago; orbit emphysema occurred when the patient sneezed on the 5th day after surgery. The patient was treated conservatively with oral antibiotics and oral dexamethasone. Sixth-month follow-up showed no residual lesion.
Orbital Observation Chart: Significant in Orbital Fractures or Not?
Authors: Ghosh Rajarshi , Joshi Abhijit , Anehosur Venkatesh 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
The study was conducted to assess the efficacy of orbital chart in detecting postoperative complications of orbital fractures.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of OMFS, SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dharwad from January 2011 to December 2016. It included all the patients with orbital fractures who underwent surgical intervention for reduction of the fracture in the study. We recorded data for the type of fracture, type of intervention, and orbital and ocular changes. Orbital changes measured and charted for 5 parameters which were: pain, proptosis, visual acuity, size of the pupil, and pupillary reaction to direct light reflex.

Results:
Two hundred thirty-six patients with orbital fractures underwent surgical intervention during these 5 years. The prevailing type of fracture for which they required orbital intervention remains zygomatic complex fractures (69%). The treatment protocol depended on the pattern and displacement of fracture and age of the patient. Pain was the most common symptom among these parameters (15.7%).

Conclusion:
Orbital chart monitoring represents a straightforward and effective method to detect any complications after surgical management of orbital fractures.
Treatment of Traumatic Depressed Compound Skull Fractures
Authors: Shao Xuefei , Wang Qifu , Shen Jun , Liu Jiaqiang , Chen Sansong , Jiang Xiaochun 
Published: September 2019

Background:
A skull fracture widely occurs in patients with traumatic brain injury, leading to intracranial hematoma, brain contusion, and intracranial infection. It also influences the prognosis and death of patients. This study aimed to discuss cases of patients with comminuted skull fractures.

Methods:
From October 2015 to December 2018, 38 patients with comminuted skull fractures were admitted to the hospital. All patients underwent three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography scan images. Digital subtraction angiography or magnetic resonance venography was performed to find out the venous sinus. The clinical findings of the patients were significant regarding gender, age, injury mechanism, location, admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), combined epidural, subdural, cerebral contusion, intracranial pneumatosis, maximum depth of depression, admission to surgery, dural tear, post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leakage, post-operative infection, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 3 months after surgery.

Results:
The incidence of traffic accidents, fall from a height, railway accidents, fall of an object, and chop injury was 60.5%, 18.4%, 13.2%, 5.3%, and 2.6%, respectively. Intra-operative dural trar negatively correlated with epidural hematoma, cerebral contusion, and subdural hematoma. Also, post-operative infection negatively correlated with intracranial pneumatosis, depth of fracture depression, and pre-operative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. No correlation was found between contusion, subdural hematoma, intracranial pneumatosis, depth of fracture depression, and post-operative infection. The GOS score positively correlated with age, pre-operative cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and admission GCS score.

Conclusions:
A perfect pre-operative examination is a key to successful surgery. Further studies should be conducted to find out more effective treatments for traumatic comminuted skull fractures.
White adipose tissue inflammation is not attenuated by short-term calorie restriction in obese humans
Authors: Sbierski-Kind Julia , Mai Knut , Kath Jonas , Jurisch Anke , Streitz Mathias , Kuchenbecker Leon , Jürchott Karsten , Spranger Leonard , von Schwartzenberg Reiner Jumpertz , Decker Anne-Marie , Krüger Ulrike , Volk Hans-Dieter , Spranger Joachim 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObesity is a growing global health problem due to its association with chronic low-grade inflammation contributing to metabolic complications. Multiple studies indicate that white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation can promote type 2 diabetes. However, the function and regulation of both innate and adaptive immune cells in human WAT under conditions of obesity and calorie restriction (CR) is not fully understood yet. Using a randomized interventional design, we investigated postmenopausal obese women who either underwent CR for three months followed by a 4 weeks phase of weight maintenance or had to maintain a stable weight over the whole study period. A comprehensive immune phenotyping protocol was conducted using validated multiparameter flow cytometry analysis in blood and subcutaneous WAT (SAT) (n=21). The T cell receptor repertoire was analyzed by next generation sequencing (n=20) and cytokine levels were determined in SAT (n=22). Metabolic parameters were determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and then correlated to immune cell subsets. We found that insulin resistance (IR) correlates significantly with a shift towards the memory T cell compartment in SAT. Among various T cell subsets, predominantly CD8+ effector memory T cells were associated with obesity-related IR. Interestingly, T cell receptor analysis revealed a diverse repertoire in SAT arguing against an antigen-driven intra-SAT expansion of effector memory T cells. Surprisingly, neither inflammatory cytokine levels nor leucocyte subpopulations were significantly altered upon CR. Our findings demonstrate the accumulation of effector memory T cells in obese SAT contributing to chronic inflammation. The long-standing effect of obesity-induced changes in SAT was demonstrated by preserved immune cell composition after short-term CR induced weight loss.
Bathymetric and geographical trends in growth of golden redfish (Sebastes norvegicus)
Authors: Monferrer Natalia Llopis , Planque Benjamin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGolden redfish (Sebastes norvegicus) are a long-living (>50 years), late maturing (>10 years) species of commercial interest, distributed along the coast, shelves and continental slope of Norway, down to approximately 400 m depth in the water column. In recent years, analyses of size-at-age data have revealed variable growth trajectories for this species. Whilst some individuals appear to grow slowly after sexual maturity (37cm at ~ 15 years), others continue to grow throughout their lifetime up to 100 cm or more. To investigate how depth and latitude affect golden redfish growth patterns, we developed non-linear mixed effects statistical models. Alongside this, small scale experiments were also conducted to assess the quality of age-determination. The results showed that individuals found in deeper, northern waters present a higher growth potential, even when uncertainty in age determination and species identification were considered. The proximal causes for variations in the growth potential of S. norvegicus are still unresolved and the existence of a possible cryptic species remains a fundamental issue that will need to be addressed, in order to understand the causes behind observed growth variations.
Inhibition of IL-1β secretion and mitochondria respiration by arsenite which acts on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Min , Mei Yingwu , Liu Jingeng , Fan Kaikai , Gu Xinyue , Xu Jitian , Li Yuebai , Mi Yang 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTArsenite (NaAsO2) is a potent toxin that significantly contributes to human pathogenesis. Chronic exposure to arsenite results in various diseases. The physiologically important biological target(s) of arsenite exposure is largely unknown. Here we found that transient sodium arsenite treatment (1) blocks nigericin or Rotenone induced IL-1β secretion; (2) inhibits mitochondrial respiration with complex I–linked substrate; (3) induces Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in myocardial tissue. (4) attenuates the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in an in vivo model of rats. The causal relationship among these activities needs further investigation.
Using nano zero valent iron supported on diatomite to remove acid blue dye: synthesis, characterization and toxicology test
Authors: Justo-Cabrera Erick , Flores-Rojas Ernesto , Schnabel Denhi , Poggi-Varaldo Héctor , Solorza-Feria Omar , Breton-Deval Luz 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work was to synthesize and characterize nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) supported on diatomaceous earth (DE) at two different molar concentration 3 M and 4M (nZVI-DE-1 nZVI-DE-2), to test the decolorization treatment of acid blue dye (AB) and perform a toxicological test using zebrafish. The synthesis of the nanoparticles was obtained using the chemical reduction method and the material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy and Specific Surface Area (BET). The results showed spherical forms in clusters between 20 to 40 nm of zero valent iron supported on diatomaceous earth. The removal of 1 g/l of AB from water treated with NZVI-DE-1 and NZVI-DE-2 reached the decolorization of 90% and 98% of all dye. While controls like NZVI and DE-1 and DE-2 achieved the removal of 40, 37 and 24 % of the dye. Toxicological analysis using zebrafish showed that AB causes a severe defect in development and embryos die after exposure. However, the water samples treated with NZVI-DE-1 and NZVI-DE-2 are not harmful for the zebrafish embryos during the first 24 hours. We conclude that the use of NZVI-DE-1 and NZVI-DE-2 is a promising treatment for dye pollution.
A compact vocabulary of paratope-epitope interactions enables predictability of antibody-antigen binding
Authors: Akbar Rahmad , Robert Philippe A. , Pavlović Milena , Jeliazkov Jeliazko R. , Snapkov Igor , Slabodkin Andrei , Weber Cédric R. , Scheffer Lonneke , Miho Enkelejda , Haff Ingrid Hobæk , Haug Dag Trygve Tryslew , Lund-Johansen Fridtjof , Safonova Yana , Sandve Geir K. , Greiff Victor 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAntibody-antigen binding relies on the specific interaction of amino acids at the paratope-epitope interface. The predictability of antibody-antigen binding is a prerequisite for de novo antibody and (neo-)epitope design. A fundamental premise for the predictability of antibody-antigen binding is the existence of paratope-epitope interaction motifs that are universally shared among antibody-antigen structures. In the largest set of non-redundant antibody-antigen structures, we identified structural interaction motifs, which together compose a commonly shared structure-based vocabulary of paratope-epitope interactions. We show that this vocabulary enables the machine learnability of antibody-antigen binding on the paratope-epitope level using generative machine learning. The vocabulary (i) is compact, less than 104motifs, (ii) distinct from non-immune protein-protein interactions, and (iii) mediates specific oligo- and polyreactive interactions between paratope-epitope pairs. Our work successfully leveraged combined structure- and sequence-based learning showing that machine-learning-driven predictive paratope and epitope engineering is feasible.
A computational observer model of spatial contrast sensitivity: Effects of photocurrent encoding, fixational eye movements and inference engine
Authors: Cottaris Nicolas P. , Wandell Brian A. , Rieke Fred , Brainard David H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe have recently shown that using the information carried by the mosaic of cone excitations of a stationary retina, the relative spatial contrast sensitivity function (CSF) of a computational observer has the same shape as a typical human subject. Absolute human sensitivity, however, is lower than the computational observer by a factor of 5 to 10. Here we model how additional known features of early vision affect spatial contrast sensitivity: fixational eye movements and the conversion of cone photopigment excitations to cone photocurrent responses. For a computational observer that uses a linear classifier applied to the responses of a stimulus-matched linear filter, fixational eye movements substantially change the shape of the spatial CSF, primarily by reducing sensitivity at spatial frequencies above 10 c/deg. For a computational observer that uses a translation-invariant calculation, in which decisions are based on the squared response of a quadrature-pair of linear filters, the CSF shape is little changed by eye movements, but there is a two-fold reduction in sensitivity. The noise and response dynamics of conversion of cone excitations into photocurrent introduce an additional two-fold sensitivity decrease. Hence, the combined effects of fixational eye movements and phototransduction bring the absolute sensitivity of the translation-invariant computational observer CSF to within a factor of 1 to 2 of the human CSF. We note that the human CSF depends on processing of the initial representation by many thalamic and cortical neurons, which are individually quite noisy. Our computational modeling suggests that the net effect of this noise on contrast-detection performance, when considered at the neural population level and behavioral level, is quite small: the inference mechanisms that determine the CSF, presumably in cortex, make efficient use of the information available from the cone photocurrents of the fixating eye.