bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensions of the Pseudo-Potential Method
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter provides an account of subsequent extensions of the Shan-Chen pseudo-potential method, including more elaborated potentials which extend beyond the first Brillouin cell. These extensions permit us to lift a number of limitations of the original model and considerably expand its scope and range of applications. In Chapter 27, a variety of LB techniques for nonideal fluids have been discussed. As usual, each method comes with its ups and downs, but actual evidence shows that the Shan–Chen (SC) model has enjoyed increasing popularity over the years. Interestingly, such popularity stands in the face of a fair amount of substantial criticism. In this chapter, first the Shan–Chen model is revisited in some more detail along with a discussion of ways out of the above criticism. Subsequently, the extension of the SC technique to the case of multi-range potentials extending beyond the first Brillouin cell is discussed. This extension proves pretty effective in softening many of the weaknesses of the original formulation, thereby considerably expanding its scope and range of applications.
QLB for Quantum Many-Body and Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Chapter 32 expounded the basic theory of quantum LB for the case of relativistic and non-relativistic wavefunctions, namely single-particle quantum mechanics. This chapter goes on to cover extensions of the quantum LB formalism to the overly challenging arena of quantum many-body problems and quantum field theory, along with an appraisal of prospective quantum computing implementations. Solving the single particle Schrodinger, or Dirac, equation in three dimensions is a computationally demanding task. This task, however, pales in front of the ordeal of solving the Schrodinger equation for the quantum many-body problem, namely a collection of many quantum particles, typically nuclei and electrons in a given atom or molecule.
Homelessness, social relations and institutional logics: property rights without property?
Authors: Luiz John M , Rycroft James 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe explore whether there is evidence of property rights among the homeless, and if so, how these rights are governed. By conducting interviews with 52 homeless people in Cape Town, we show that although the homeless are able to derive some value from assets, and can exclude other members of their community, these rights are precarious and dependent upon state agents not seizing the ‘property’ and overriding the community’s rules of the game. We demonstrate the intersectionality of claims with respect to the same physical property from the varying perspectives of the claimants involved and how this differs depending on the property. Homeless people rely on a community logic to develop rules of the game which results in the appearance of a market logic. In the absence of formal institutions effectively operating in their spaces, they have constituted social norms which provide some semblance of property rights respected intra-group.
Temperature and Humidity Associated With Artificial Ventilation in the Premature Infant
Authors: Ralphe Jane L. , Dail Robin B. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Approximately half of the 55,000 very low birth-weight infants (<1500 g) born in the United States each year develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Many etiologies have been associated with the development of BPD, including aberrant temperature/humidity levels of artificial ventilation.

Purpose:
The purpose of this literature review is to explore what is known regarding inspired air temperature/humidity levels from artificial ventilation in very premature infants, focusing on what levels these infants actually receive, and what factors impact these levels.

Methods/Search Strategy:
PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Of the 830 articles retrieved, 23 were synthesized for study purpose, sample/study design, and temperature/humidity findings.

Findings/Results:
Heating and humidification practices studied in neonatal ventilation did not maintain recommended levels. In addition, human neonatal studies and noninvasive neonatal ventilation research were limited. Furthermore, ventilation settings, environmental temperatures, and mouth position (in noninvasive ventilation) were found to impact temperature/humidity levels.

Implications for Practice:
Environmental temperatures and ventilatory settings merit consideration during artificial ventilation. In addition, aberrant temperature/humidity levels may impact infant body temperature stability; thus, employing measures to ensure adequate thermoregulation while receiving artificial ventilation must be a priority.

Implications for Research:
This review underscores the need for further research into current warming and humidification techniques for invasive and noninvasive neonatal ventilation. A focus on human studies and the impact of aberrant levels on infant body temperature are needed. Future research may provide management options for achieving and maintaining target temperature/humidity parameters, thus preventing the aberrant levels associated with BPD.
Critical Care Management of Anti-N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Neyens Ron R. , Gaskill George E. , Chalela Julio A. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis is considered an immune-mediated form of encephalitis with paraneoplastic and nonparaneoplastic forms. Delay in recognition is common and patients typically present to the ICU without a diagnosis or with complications following a delayed diagnosis. The aim of this review is to provide a focused overview for the ICU clinician regarding presentation, diagnosis, and critical care management.Data Sources, Study Selection, and Data Extraction:PubMed database search with manual review of articles involving anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis.Data Synthesis:Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis is increasingly encountered in the ICU. The cascade of events initiating anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody formation may involve an infectious trigger particularly in the setting of teratoma. Following a prodrome, most patients develop psychiatric symptoms followed by movement disorder. Classical, psychiatric, and catatonic phenotypes may be distinguished based on the presence and severity of symptoms. Early immunotherapy and low initial cerebrospinal fluid inflammation are independent predictors of positive outcomes in ICU patients. Concomitant organ failure, status epilepticus, and the identification of a tumor did not influence outcome in critically ill patients. Supportive care in the ICU includes management of various manifestations of dyskinesia, status epilepticus, autonomic disorders, and the need for general sedation. Common treatment strategies and limitations are discussed including the emerging role of bortezomib.Conclusions:Intensivists should be familiar with the presentation and management of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Early diagnosis and immediate implementation of steroids, immunoglobulins, and/or plasmapheresis and immune therapy are associated with a good neurologic outcome although response may be delayed. The selection and timing of second-line immune therapy requires further study.
Functional Optical Zone After Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction as Stratified by Attempted Correction and Optical Zone
Authors: Fu Dan , Wang Lin , Zhou Xingtao , Yu Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To compare the functional optical zone (OZ) with different levels of myopia and different OZ groups after small-incision lenticule extraction.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 249 patients (120 men) after small-incision lenticule extraction correction. We grouped participants according to attempted correction [low: spherical equivalent (SE) > −3.0 D; moderate: −6.0 D ≥ SE ≥ −3.0 D; high: SE ≥ −6.0 D] and planned functional optical zone (PFOZ) (OZ-1: PFOZ ≤ 6.3 mm; OZ-2: 6.3 mm < PFOZ ≤ 6.5; OZ-3: PFOZ > 6.5 mm), and we compared the achieved functional optical zone (AFOZ) and total corneal aberration, using Scheimpflug imaging, 1 month postoperatively. Correlations between corneal aberration and AFOZ were analyzed.

Results:
The AFOZ was smaller than the PFOZ in all 3 refraction groups (reduction: low, 0.78 ± 0.72 mm; moderate, 1.22 ± 0.60 mm; and high: 1.49 ± 0.58 mm, P < 0.001). There was no difference in the AFOZ among the 3 OZ groups. Total corneal aberration increased more in the high myopia group (total higher-order aberration, coma, and spherical aberration, P < 0.001), which also correlated with the AFOZ.

Conclusions:
The discrepancy between the AFOZ and PFOZ increased with greater attempted correction. Attempted correction and AFOZ influence corneal aberration.
Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Saeed Peerooz , Tavakoli Rad Shahzad , Bisschop Peter H. L. T. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is a serious complication of Graves orbitopathy that can result in irreversible and profound visual loss. Controversy exists regarding the pathogenesis and management of the disease. The authors provide an overview of the current understanding of DON and present a therapeutic guideline.

Methods:
A review of the literature.

Results:
The mechanism of DON appears to be multifactorial: direct compression of the optic nerve by enlarged extraocular muscles, stretching of the optic nerve by proptosis, orbital pressure, vascular insufficiency, and inflammation. Some or all of these factors may be involved in an individual patient. There has only been one controlled trial comparing high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone to bony orbital decompression for DON. Both 2-wall and 3-wall decompression techniques successfully improve visual functions of patients with DON. There are few case reports/case series that suggest biologic agents may improve visual function in DON.

Conclusions:
DON is a serious complication of Graves orbitopathy, the diagnosis and management of which is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. There is little evidence regarding the optimum management strategy. Based on the current literature, the first line of treatment is intravenous methylprednisolone, with the exact timing and indication of bony orbital decompression still to be determined. In addition, there may be a role for the use of biologic agents that will require a systematic program to determine efficacy.
Extraocular Muscle Enlargement and Thyroid Eye Disease-like Orbital Inflammation Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Cancer Patients
Authors: Sagiv Oded , Kandl Thomas J. , Thakar Sudip D. , Thuro Bradley A. , Busaidy Naifa L. , Cabanillas Maria , Jimenez Camilo , Dadu Ramona , Graham Paul H. , Debnam J. Matthew , Esmaeli Bita 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To describe thyroid eye disease (TED)-like orbital inflammatory syndrome in 3 cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods:
All consecutive patients treated by the senior author who were receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors and developed TED-like orbital inflammation were included.

Results:
Three cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors developed orbital inflammation. The first patient was treated with a combination of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 inhibitor and a programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor and developed TED-like orbital inflammation with normal thyroid function and antibody levels. The second patient had a previous diagnosis of Graves disease without TED, and developed TED soon after initiating treatment with a programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor. The third patient developed acute hyperthyroidism with symptomatic TED following treatment with an investigational cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 inhibitor agent. All 3 patients were managed with either systemic steroids or observation, with resolution of their symptoms and without the need to halt immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for their cancer.

Discussion and Conclusions:
TED-like orbital inflammation may occur as a side effect of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy with anti–cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 or anti-PD-1 inhibitors. To the best of their knowledge, this is the first reported case of TED as a result of programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor monotherapy. All 3 patients were treated with systemic steroids and responded quickly while continuing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors for their cancer. With increasing use of this class of drugs, clinicians should be familiar with the clinical manifestations and treatments for this adverse reaction.
Acute hyperalgesia and delayed dry eye after corneal abrasion injury
Authors: Hegarty Deborah M. , Hermes Sam M. , Morgan Michael M. , Aicher Sue A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
Corneal nerves mediate pain from the ocular surface, lacrimation, and blinking, all of which protect corneal surface homeostasis and help preserve vision. Because pain, lacrimation and blinking are rarely assessed at the same time, it is not known whether these responses and their underlying mechanisms have similar temporal dynamics after acute corneal injury.

Methods:
We examined changes in corneal nerve density, evoked and spontaneous pain, and ocular homeostasis in Sprague-Dawley male rats after a superficial epithelial injury with heptanol. We also measured changes in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which has been implicated in both pain and epithelial repair.

Results:
Hyperalgesia was seen 24 hours after abrasion injury, while basal tear production was normal. One week after abrasion injury, pain responses had returned to baseline levels and dry eye symptoms emerged. There was no correlation between epithelial nerve density and pain responses. Expression of both ATF3 (a nerve injury marker) and CGRP increased in trigeminal ganglia 24 hours after injury when hyperalgesia was seen, and returned to normal one week later when pain behavior was normal. These molecular changes were absent in the contralateral ganglion, despite reductions in corneal epithelial nerve density in the uninjured eye. By contrast, CGRP was upregulated in peripheral corneal endings 1 week after injury, when dry eye symptoms emerged.

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrate dynamic trafficking of CGRP within trigeminal sensory nerves following corneal injury, with elevations in the ganglion correlated with pain behaviors and elevations in peripheral endings correlated with dry eye symptoms.
The Use of Antidotes for Calcium Gluconate Extravasation: An Experimental Study in Mice
Authors: Pacheco Compaña Francisco Javier , Midón Míguez José , de Toro Santos Francisco Javier , Centeno Cortés Alberto , López San Martín Patricia , Yebra-Pimentel Vidal María Teresa , Mosquera Osés Joaquín José 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Calcium gluconate extravasation is a process that can cause serious lesions, such as necrosis and calcification of the soft tissues. The aim of the present study was to analyze the beneficial effects of four possible local antidotes for calcium gluconate extravasation: hyaluronidase, sodium thiosulfate, triamcinolone acetonide, and physiologic saline solution.

Methods:
Seventy-four BALB/c mice were used in the study. The substances selected for use in this study were calcium gluconate (4.6 mEq/ml), hyaluronidase (1500 IU/ml), sodium thiosulfate (25%), triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/ml 0.5 mg/kg), and saline solution 0.9%. Five minutes were allowed to lapse after the calcium gluconate infiltration, and then an antidote was infiltrated. After 3 weeks, a skin biopsy was performed and a radiographic and histologic study was carried out.

Results:
Only in the group infiltrated with sodium thiosulfate did all skin lesions disappear after the 3-week period after infiltration. In the radiographic study, calcium deposits larger than 0.5 mm were observed in 40 percent of cases without an antidote, in 33 percent with triamcinolone acetonide, in 13 percent with a saline solution, and in none with thiosulfate and hyaluronidase. In the histologic study, calcium deposits were found in 53 percent of cases without antidote, 100 percent of cases with triamcinolone acetonide, 33 percent of cases with saline solution, and 13 percent of cases with sodium thiosulfate or hyaluronidase.

Conclusion:
Sodium thiosulfate and hyaluronidase prevent the development of calcium deposits after calcium gluconate extravasation.
Critical Ischemia Time, Perfusion, and Drainage Function of Vascularized Lymph Nodes
Authors: Yang Chin-Yu , Ho Olivia A. , Cheng Ming-Huei , Hsiao Hui-Yi 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Vascularized lymph node transfer is a promising surgical treatment for lymphedema. This study investigated the effect of ischemia on the lymphatic drainage efficiency of vascularized lymph node flaps and the critical ischemia time of lymph nodes.

Methods:
Twenty-four lymph nodes containing groin flaps in 12 Sprague-Dawley rats were dissected. Clamping of the vascular pedicle was performed for 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, or 7 hours; then, each was allowed to reperfuse by means of the vascular pedicle for 1 hour. Perfusion and ischemic changes were assessed using indocyanine green lymphography; laser Doppler flowmetry; and histologic studies with associated lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1, CD68, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling, and glutathione assay stains.

Results:
The mean latency period of the groin lymph node flaps was 247 ± 67, 83 ± 15, 72 ± 42, 30 ± 18, and 245 ± 85 seconds in the 0-, 1-, 3-, 5-, and 6-hour groups, respectively. Perfusion detected by laser Doppler was 85.2 ± 14.5, 87.2 ± 36.7, 129.8 ± 33.7, 140.4 ± 148.5, 156.1 ± 91.4, and 41.2 ± 34.8 perfusion units at ischemia times of 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7 hours, respectively. Cell damage measured by glutathione was 46.8 ± 10.2, 67.7 ± 14.2, 62.8 ± 15.4, 126.6 ± 5.9, 259.0 ± 70.3, and 109.1 ± 27.5 at ischemia times of 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7 hours, respectively. Histologically, as ischemia time increased, hemorrhage and congestion became more severe.

Conclusions:
The critical ischemia time of vascularized lymph nodes is 5 hours in the rodent animal model, verified by indocyanine green lymphatic fluid uptake, laser Doppler perfusion, and histologic assessments. Interestingly, lymphatic drainage and perfusion of vascularized lymph nodes were improved with an increased ischemia time before the critical 5 hours was reached.
Anatomical Characterization and Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Muscles at the Corner of the Mouth: An Iodine Staining Technique Based on Micro–Computed Tomography
Authors: Sun Min , Chen Guo C. , Wang Yong Q. , Song Tao , Li Hai D. , Wu Di , Yin Ning B. 
Published: June 2018

Summary:
The anatomy of the modiolus and surrounding muscles is complicated and contributes to the morphology of the mouth corner. The authors used iodine staining and micro–computed tomography to observe the anatomy of the modiolus and surrounding muscles. Based on the micro–computed tomographic images and the three-dimensional model construction, the authors found that the muscle fibers in the modiolus were oriented continuously in the running direction of the muscle itself and that there were no chaotic clumps in the region of muscle fiber convergence. The pars marginalis of the orbicularis oris muscle connects with the deep buccinator muscle, which may account for how the pars marginalis fibers act to press the upper lip against the maxillary teeth or invert it closer to the oral cavity. These findings may be helpful for plastic surgeons who perform commissuroplasty.
Concepts and Artistry in the Treatment of Scapholunate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Elzinga Kate E. , Kamnerdnakta Sirichai , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Scapholunate ligament injuries are highly challenging injuries to treat. Great uncertainly remains in determining which operative procedures are most effective. Furthermore, there is no consensus on whether surgical intervention changes the natural course of scapholunate injuries.

Methods:
The authors present their assessment of scapholunate injuries and the senior author’s preferred surgical techniques. Surgical videos are included. The authors’ postoperative management is described.

Results:
Operative procedures are selected based on the patient’s timing and pattern of injury, degree of associated carpal changes and arthritis, and goals.

Conclusion:
Over the past 20 years, the senior author has had good success with these techniques, but prospective, longterm outcome studies are needed to critically assess whether these surgical techniques improve patients’ long-term function and pain.
Electrical-charge accumulation enables integrative quality control duringB. subtilissporulation
Authors: Sirec Teja , Buffard Pauline , Garcia-Ojalvo Jordi , Asally Munehiro 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTQuality control of offspring is important for the survival of cells. However, the mechanism by which quality of offspring cells may be monitored while running genetic programs of cellular differentiation remains largely unclear. Here we investigated a quality control system duringBacillus subtilisspore formation by combining single-cell time-lapse microscopy, molecular biology and mathematical modelling. Our results revealed that the quality-control system via premature germination is coupled with the accumulation of cations on the surface of developing forespores. Specifically, the forespores accumulating less cations on their surface are more likely to be aborted. This charge accumulation system enables the projection of multidimensional information about the external environment and morphological development of the forespore onto a one-dimensional information of cation accumulation. Based on the insight we gain, we propose a novel use of Nernstian chemicals for reducing the yield and quality ofBacillusendospores.
Neural Mechanisms Associated with Semantic and Basic Self-Oriented Memory Processes Interact to Modulate Self-Esteem
Authors: Amey Rachel C. , Leitner Jordan B. , Liu Mengting , Forbes Chad E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIndividuals constantly encounter feedback from others and process this feedback in various ways to maintain positive situational state self-esteem (SSE) in relation to semantic-based or trait self-esteem (TSE). Individuals may utilize a data-driven, or episodic-based process that encodes positive, but not negative, self-relevant information automatically, or employ a semantic-driven process that manipulates encoded negative feedback post-hoc. It’s unclear, however, how these processes work either alone or in concert while individuals receive positive and negative feedback to modulate feedback encoding and subsequent SSE. Utilizing neural regions associated with semantic self-oriented and basic encoding processes (mPFC and PCC respectively), and time-frequency and Granger causality analyses to assess mPFC and PCC interactions, this study examined how encoding of positive and negative self-relevant feedback modulated individuals’ post-task SSE in relation to their TSE while continuous EEG was recorded. Among those with higher levels of TSE, the encoding of positive or negative feedback was not associated with SSE. Rather, higher SSE was associated with mPFC activity to all feedback and higher TSE. The relationship between TSE and SSE was moderated by mPFC-PCC communication such that increases in mPFC-PCC communication led to SSE levels that were consistent with TSE levels. Furthermore, Granger causality analyses indicated that individuals exhibited higher SSE to the extent mPFC influenced PCC in response to positive and negative feedback. Findings highlight the dynamic interplay between semantic self-oriented and basic encoding processes that modulate SSE in relation to TSE, to maintain more positive global selfperceptions in the moment and over time.