bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network-level connectivity is a critical feature distinguishing dystonic tremor and essential tremor
Authors: DeSimone Jesse C , Archer Derek B , Vaillancourt David E , Wagle Shukla Aparna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle co-contractions that give rise to disabling movements and postures. A recent expert consensus labelled the incidence of tremor as a core feature of dystonia that can affect body regions both symptomatic and asymptomatic to dystonic features. We are only beginning to understand the neural network-level signatures that relate to clinical features of dystonic tremor. At the same time, clinical features of dystonic tremor can resemble that of essential tremor and present a diagnostic confound for clinicians. Here, we examined network-level functional activation and connectivity in patients with dystonic tremor and essential tremor. The dystonic tremor group included primarily cervical dystonia patients with dystonic head tremor and the majority had additional upper-limb tremor. The experimental paradigm included a precision grip-force task wherein online visual feedback related to force was manipulated across high and low spatial feedback levels. Prior work using this paradigm in essential tremor patients produced exacerbation of grip-force tremor and associated changes in functional activation. As such, we directly compared the effect of visual feedback on grip-force tremor and associated functional network-level activation and connectivity between dystonic tremor and essential tremor patient cohorts to better understand disease-specific mechanisms. Increased visual feedback similarly exacerbated force tremor during the grip-force task in dystonic tremor and essential tremor cohorts. Patients with dystonic tremor and essential tremor were characterized by distinct functional activation abnormalities in cortical regions but not in the cerebellum. We examined seed-based functional connectivity from the sensorimotor cortex, globus pallidus internus, ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus, and dentate nucleus, and observed abnormal functional connectivity networks in dystonic tremor and essential tremor groups relative to controls. However, the effects were far more widespread in the dystonic tremor group as changes in functional connectivity were revealed across cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions independent of the seed location. A unique pattern for dystonic tremor included widespread reductions in functional connectivity compared to essential tremor within higher-level cortical, basal ganglia, and cerebellar regions. Importantly, a receiver operating characteristic determined that functional connectivity z-scores were able to classify dystonic tremor and essential tremor with 89% area under the curve, whereas combining functional connectivity with force tremor yielded 94%. These findings point to network-level connectivity as an important feature that differs substantially between dystonic tremor and essential tremor and should be further explored in implementing appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Data-driven stellar parameters for southern TESS FGK targets
Authors: Deacon N R , Henning Th , Kossakowski D E 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present stellar parameter estimates for 939 457 southern FGK stars that are candidate targets for the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. Using a data-driven method similar to the CANNON, we build a model of stellar colours as a function of stellar parameters. We then use these in combination with stellar evolution models to estimate the effective temperature, gravity, metallicity, mass, radius, and extinction for our selected targets. Our effective temperature estimates compare well with those from spectroscopic surveys and the addition of Gaia DR2 parallaxes allows us to identify subgiant interlopers into the TESS sample. We are able to estimate the radii of TESS targets with a typical uncertainty of 9.3 per cent. This catalogue can be used to screen exoplanet candidates from TESS and provides a homogeneous set of stellar parameters for statistical studies.
An Introduction to the Handbook, Communities of Practice, and Definitions of Expertise
Authors: Ward Paul , Maarten Schraagen Jan , Gore Julie , Roth Emilie M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides a brief summary of the various communities of practice that have paved the way for current expertise researchers, and are formative of this Handbook. A synopsis follows, detailing how expertise has been defined both historically and in present day. The purpose in this chapter is threefold: To demonstrate the heterogeneity of approaches and conceptions of expertise, to contextualize current views of expertise presented in this Handbook, and to use these views as a springboard to examine how we should examine expertise in the future—which is addressed in the final chapter. Finally, an outline of this Handbook’s chapters are presented.
Expertise in Business
Authors: DiBello Lia A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The chapter on expertise in business attempts to show how changes in society have influenced a greater need for expertise in business. The chapter touches on a number of themes. Clients teach businesses the nature of expertise while businesses help clients adapt to an increasingly complex and interconnected world of business. The new “expert” in business may not be an individual at all, but rather a high-performing and highly efficient team, with team-level self-awareness of who has what piece of the skill puzzle in addressing complex challenges. Further, all business employees probably need to be closer to an expert than in the past, if only to add value to a team. Lastly, pushing the envelope on accelerated learning can only help more people feel secure that they will be able to find a meaningful and rewarding role in the future workforce.
The Queer Pleasures of Musicals
Authors: Rogers Bradley 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines how queer pleasures are sublimated into musicals by analyzing the 1966 play Mame. Through this close reading of Mame and a broader consideration of musical theatre and film, this chapter explores how the show (and the genre, more generally) harnesses the power of the female body to disrupt the heteronormative impulses of narrative; creates a parthenogenetic world that celebrates motherhood; ironically deploys conventional representations of femininity; critiques heterosexual romance; and channels queer desire through the structure of musical theater. It also considers the relationship of musical theatre to camp, lesbian representation, and the spectacular male body. Finally, it provides an account of homosexuality and queerness in musicals that followed Mame—including La Cage aux Folles, A Chorus Line, Rent, and Hedwig and the Angry Inch—identifying moments that transcend the dichotomy between closeted structures and the representations of identity.
Implementation planning for lung cancer screening in China
Authors: Cheng Yue I , Davies Michael P A , Liu Dan , Li Weimin , Field John K 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China, with over 690 000 lung cancer deaths estimated in 2018. The mortality has increased about five-fold from the mid-1970s to the 2000s. Lung cancer low-dose computerized tomography (LDCT) screening in smokers was shown to improve survival in the US National Lung Screening Trial, and more recently in the European NELSON trial. However, although the predominant risk factor, smoking contributes to a lower fraction of lung cancers in China than in the UK and USA. Therefore, it is necessary to establish Chinese-specific screening strategies. There have been 23 associated programmes completed or still ongoing in China since the 1980s, mainly after 2000; and one has recently been planned. Generally, their entry criteria are not smoking-stringent. Most of the Chinese programmes have reported preliminary results only, which demonstrated a different high-risk subpopulation of lung cancer in China. Evidence concerning LDCT screening implementation is based on results of randomized controlled trials outside China. LDCT screening programmes combining tobacco control would produce more benefits. Population recruitment (e.g. risk-based selection), screening protocol, nodule management and cost-effectiveness are discussed in detail. In China, the high-risk subpopulation eligible for lung cancer screening has not as yet been confirmed, as all the risk parameters have not as yet been determined. Although evidence on best practice for implementation of lung cancer screening has been accumulating in other countries, further research in China is urgently required, as China is now facing a lung cancer epidemic.
Prescribing of Opioids and Benzodiazepines Among Patients With History of Overdose
Authors: Griggs Christopher , Wyatt Stephen , Wally Meghan K. , Runyon Michael , Hsu Joseph R. , Seymour Rachel B. , Beuhler Michael , Bosse Michael J. , Fogg Ryan , Gibbs Michael , Haas Eric , Jarrett Steven , Leas Daniel , Saha Animita , Schiro Sharon , Watling Bradley 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
Addiction and overdose related to prescription drugs continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. We aimed to characterize the prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines to patients who had previously presented with an opioid or benzodiazepine overdose.

Methods:
This was a retrospective chart review of patients who were prescribed an opioid or benzodiazepine in a 1-month time-period in 2015 (May) and had a previous presentation for opioid or benzodiazepine overdose at a large healthcare system.

Results:
We identified 60,129 prescribing encounters for opioids and/or benzodiazepines, 543 of which involved a patient with a previous opioid or benzodiazepine overdose. There were 404 unique patients in this cohort, with 97 having more than 1 visit including a prescription opioid and/or benzodiazepine. A majority of prescriptions (54.1%) were to patients with an overdose within the 2 years of the documented prescribing encounter. Prescribing in the outpatient clinical setting represented half (49.9%) of encounters, whereas emergency department prescribing was responsible for nearly a third (31.5%).

Conclusions:
In conclusion, prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines occurs across multiple locations in a large health care system to patients with a previous overdose. Risk factors, such as previous overdose should be highlighted through clinical decision support tools in the medical record to help prescribers identify patients at higher risk and to mobilize resources for this patient population. Prescribers need further education on factors that place their patients at risk for opioid use disorder and on alternative therapies to opioids and benzodiazepines.
Genetic Variant in the CRH-binding Protein Gene (CRHBP) is Associated With Cessation of Cocaine Use in Methadone Maintenance Patients With Opioid Addiction
Authors: Peles Einat , Levran Orna , Randesi Matthew , Ott Jurg , Kreek Mary Jeanne , Adelson Miriam 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
We have previously shown associations between 4 genetic variants in opioid and stress-related genes (OPRM1, NPYR1/NPYR5, NR3C1, and CRHBP) and prolonged abstinence from heroin without methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). We currently assessed the associations between these variants and MMT patients’ characteristics.

Methods:
A non-selective group of 351 patients who stayed at least 1 year in their first admission to MMT were genotyped and their characteristics and substance in urine on admission and after 1 year were studied.

Results:
The proportions of patients with both cocaine and benzodiazepine abuse were reduced significantly after 1 year in MMT; however, cocaine abuse cessation was significantly associated with the non-carriers of the CRHBP (corticotrophin releasing hormone binding protein) SNP rs1500 minor C allele (GG genotype) (P = 0.0009, P
Bonferroni = 0.0221). More carriers of the 2 C alleles (CC genotype) than carriers of the GC and GG genotypes abused cocaine on admission (32.3% vs 19.7%, respectively, P = 0.0414, recessive model), and more of the C allele carriers (GC and CC genotypes) than non-carriers (GG genotype) abused cocaine after 1 year in MMT (25.7% vs 15.8%, respectively, P = 0.0334, dominant model). Abusers of benzodiazepine were more prevalent among carriers of the C allele compared with non-carriers on admission (60.6% vs 45.9%, respectively, P = 0.0080, dominant model), as well as after 1 year in MMT (50.9% vs 39.1%, respectively, P = 0.0362).

Conclusions:
Reduction in cocaine abuse among MMT patients may be mediated by a genetic effect in a stress-related gene (CRHBP SNP rs1500 minor C allele). Evaluations of larger samples, additional SNPs, and different populations are needed to support these findings.
Characterization of coral-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs) within tissues of the coralAcropora hyacinthus
Authors: Wada Naohisa , Ishimochi Mizuki , Matsui Taeko , Pollock F. Joseph , Tang Sen-Lin , Ainsworth Tracy D. , Willis Bette L. , Mano Nobuhiro , Bourne David G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBacterial diversity associated with corals has been studied extensively, however, localization of bacterial associations within the holobiont is still poorly resolved. Here we provide novel insight into the localization of coral-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs) within tissues of the coralAcropora hyacinthus. In total, 318 and 308 CAMAs were characterized via histological and fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH) approaches respectively, and shown to be distributed extensively throughout coral tissues collected from five sites in Japan and Australia. The densities of CAMAs within the tissues were negatively correlated with the distance from the coastline (i.e. lowest densities at offshore sites). CAMAs were randomly distributed across the six coral tissue regions investigated. Within each CAMA, bacterial cells had similar morphological characteristics, but bacterial morphologies varied among CAMAs, with at least five distinct types identified. Identifying the location of microorganisms associated with the coral host is a prerequisite for understanding their contributions to fitness. Localization of tissue-specific communities housed within CAMAs is particularly important, as these communities are potentially important contributors to vital metabolic functions of the holobiont.
Natural allelic variations ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeimpact stuck fermentation due to the combined effect of ethanol and temperature; a QTL-mapping study
Authors: Marullo Philippe , Durrens Pascal , Peltier Emilien , Bernard Margaux , Mansour Chantal , Dubourdieu^ Denis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundFermentation completion is a major prerequisite in many industrial processes involving the bakery yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae.Stuck fermentations can be due to the combination of many environmental stresses. Among them high temperature and ethanol content are particularly deleterious especially in bioethanol and red wine production. Although the genetic causes of temperature and/or ethanol tolerance were widely investigated in laboratory conditions, few studies investigated natural genetic variations related to stuck fermentations in high gravity matrixes.ResultsIn this study, three QTLs linked to stuck fermentation in winemaking conditions were identified by using a selective genotyping strategy carried out on a backcrossed population. The precision of mapping allows the identification of two causative genesVHS1andOYE2characterized by stop-codon insertion. The phenotypic effect of these allelic variations was validated by Reciprocal Hemyzygous Assay in high gravity fermentations (>240 g/L of sugar) carried out at high temperatures (>28°C). Phenotypes impacted were related to the late stage of alcoholic fermentation during the stationary growth phase of yeast.ConclusionsThe genes identified are related to molecular functions such as Programed Cell Death, ROS metabolism and respire-fermentative switch and were never related to fermentation efficiency. Our findings open new avenues for better understanding yeast resistance mechanisms involved in high gravity fermentations.
In silicoidentification of novel peptides with antibacterial activity against multidrug resistantStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Oyama Linda B , Olleik Hamza , Teixeira Ana Carolina Nery , Guidini Matheus M , Pickup James A , Cookson Alan R , Vallin Hannah , Wilkinson Toby , Bazzolli Denise , Richards Jennifer , Wootton Mandy , Mikut Ralf , Hilpert Kai , Maresca Marc , Perrier Josette , Hess Matthias , Mantovani Hilario C , Fernandez-Fuentes Narcis , Creevey Christopher J , Huws Sharon A 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHerein we report the identification and characterisation of two linear antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), HG2 and HG4, with activity against a wide range of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria, especially methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains, a highly problematic group of Gram-positive bacteria in the hospital and community environment. To identify the novel AMPs presented here, we employed the classifier model design, a feature extraction method using molecular descriptors for amino acids for the analysis, visualization, and interpretation of AMP activities from a rumen metagenomic dataset. This allowed for thein silicodiscrimination of active and inactive peptides in order to define a small number of promising novel lead AMP test candidates for chemical synthesis and experimental evaluation.In vitrodata suggest that the chosen AMPs are fast acting, show strong biofilm inhibition and dispersal activity and are efficacious in anin vivomodel of MRSA USA300 infection, whilst showing little toxicity to human erythrocytes and human primary cell linesex vivo. Observations from biophysical AMP-lipid-interactions and electron microscopy suggest that the newly identified peptides interact with the cell membrane and may be involved in the inhibition of other cellular processes. Amphiphilic conformations associated with membrane disruption are also observed in 3D molecular modelling of the peptides. HG2 and HG4 both preferentially bind to MRSA total lipids rather than with human cell lipids indicating that HG4 may form superior templates for safer therapeutic candidates for MDR bacterial infections.Author SummaryWe are losing our ability to treat multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria, otherwise known as superbugs. This poses a serious global threat to human health as bacteria are increasingly acquiring resistance to antibiotics. There is therefore urgent need to intensify our efforts to develop new safer alternative drug candidates. We emphasise the usefulness of complementing wet-lab andin silicotechniques for the rapid identification of new drug candidates from environmental samples, especially antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). HG2 and HG4, the AMPs identified in our study show promise as effective therapies for the treatment of methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureusinfections bothin vitroandin vivowhilst having little cytotoxicity against human primary cells, a step forward in the fight against MDR infections.
Population histories of the United States revealed through fine-scale migration and haplotype analysis
Authors: Dai Chengzhen L. , Vazifeh Mohammad M. , Yeang Chen-Hsiang , Tachet Remi , Wells R. Spencer , Vilar Miguel G. , Daly Mark J. , Ratti Carlo , Martin Alicia R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe population of the United States is shaped by centuries of migration, isolation, growth, and admixture between ancestors of global origins. Here, we assemble a comprehensive view of recent population history by studying the ancestry and population structure of over 32,000 individuals in the US using genetic, ancestral birth origin, and geographic data from the National Geographic Genographic Project. We identify migration routes and barriers that reflect historical demographic events. We also uncover the spatial patterns of relatedness in subpopulations through the combination of haplotype clustering, ancestral birth origin analysis, and local ancestry inference. Examples of these patterns include substantial substructure and heterogeneity in Hispanics/Latinos, isolation-by-distance in African Americans, elevated levels of relatedness and homozygosity in Asian immigrants, and fine-scale structure in European descents. Taken together, our results provide detailed insights into the genetic structure and demographic history of the diverse US population.
Pathogen genetic control of transcriptome variation in the Arabidopsis thaliana – Botrytis cinerea pathosystem
Authors: Soltis Nicole E. , Zhang Wei , Corwin Jason A. , Atwell Susanna , Kliebenstein Daniel J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTDisease symptoms arise from the interaction of the host and pathogen genomes. However, little is known about how genetic variation in the interaction modulates both organisms’ transcriptomes, especially in complex interactions like those between generalist pathogens and their plant hosts. To begin mapping how polygenic pathogen variation influences both organisms’ transcriptomes, we used the Botrytis cinerea - Arabidopsis thaliana pathosystem. We measured the co-transcriptome across a genetically diverse collection of 96 B. cinerea isolates infected on the Arabidopsis wildtype, Col-0. Using the B. cinerea genomic variation, we performed genome-wide association (GWA) for each of 23,947 measurable transcripts in the host, and 9,267 measurable transcripts in the pathogen. Unlike other eGWA studies, there was a relative absence of cis-eQTL that is likely explained by structural variants and allelic heterogeneity within the pathogen’s genome. This analysis identified mostly trans-eQTL in the pathogen with eQTL hotspots dispersed across the pathogen genome that altered the pathogen’s transcripts, the host’s transcripts, or both the pathogen and the host. Gene membership in the trans-eQTL hotspots suggests links to several known and many novel virulence mechanisms in the plant-pathogen interaction. Genes annotated to these hotspots provide potential targets for blocking manipulation of the host response by this ubiquitous generalist pathogen. This shows that genetic control over the co-transcriptome is polygenic, similar to the virulence outcome in the interaction of Botrytis cinerea on Arabidopsis thaliana.