bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« L’Algérie n’a pas faim ! »
Authors: Hadj Belgacem Samir 
Published: January 2019

Cet article introduit un texte peu connu du sociologue algérien Abdelmalek Sayad, publié dans le journal étudiant Sorbonne(s) Nouvelles en 1989, intitulé « Algérie : les causes profondes du soulèvement d’octobre ». Traitant des protestations populaires d’octobre 1988, qui ont conduit à la crise du régime algérien et à l’ouverture du régime au pluralisme partisan, cette publication est remarquable, car elle constitue une des rares prises de position publiques du sociologue sur des faits d’actualité en Algérie. En partant des archives de l’article (version publiée et version manuscrite transmise au comité de rédaction), L’enjeu est de resituer l’histoire de cette publication et de saisir les origines biographiques d’une prise de position fortement critique du nationalisme et du gouvernement FLN. L’étude de cet article permet de réfléchir aux logiques d’engagement politique du chercheur, encore peu étudiées, Sayad s’étant appliqué à distinguer tout au long de sa carrière les sphères savante et militante.
Une étude critique du test d’intelligence logique de J.-M. Lahy
Authors: Turbiaux Marcel 
Published: January 2019

De nombreuses tentatives ont été faites (et continuent à être faites) de définir et de mesurer l’intelligence. En 1927, J.-M. Lahy proposa un test « d’intelligence logique », qu’il définit « l’élément commun à toutes les explications de l’intelligence », à savoir « le raisonnement spontané ». Ce test fut un des tests les plus utilisés dans les pays de langue française. Néanmoins, en 1913, il fit l’objet d’une « étude critique » de la part de deux enseignants du collège Saint-Georges de Québec. C’est cette étude qui est présentée dans cet article.
Se mettre à l’IDEX ou être mis à l’index
Authors: Aust Jérôme , Mazoyer Harold , Musselin Christine 
Published: January 2019

En étudiant le cas des appels d’offres Initiatives d’excellence lancés par l’État pour transformer les établissements d’enseignement supérieur en « universités de classe mondiale », cet article analyse la fabrique d’un nouvel ordre compétitif au sein du monde académique français. Ces appels d’offres instaurent une compétition entre les sites et invitent leurs établissements à transformer leur gouvernance : ils réforment ainsi les entités en compétition et les critères de hiérarchisation qui prévalent au sein du système académique français. Ce nouvel ordre produit de nouvelles inégalités qui profitent aux sites qui disposent des capacités d’action collective les plus fortes, mais aussi de caractéristiques institutionnelles qui répondent aux nouveaux critères de hiérarchisation. Pour être comprises, ces transformations doivent être envisagées comme le produit de l’articulation entre différents registres de mobilisation des instruments – la conformation, l’appropriation, la résistance – et d’interactions continues entre gouvernants et gouvernés.
Le discours du directoire de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) de 2007 à 2015 : quelle inflexion austéritaire après la crise financière ?
Authors: Guilbert Thierry , Lebaron Frédéric 
Published: January 2019

Partant de l’hypothèse d’une inflexion dans les discours austéritaires après la crise de 2008, nous analysons les speeches du directoire de la Bancque centrale européenne (BCE) de 2007 à 2015. En effet, à partir de 2010-2011, dans le sillage du G7+ qui s’est tenu en février 2010, le discours de la BCE, alors sous la présidence de Jean-Claude Trichet, se révèle être un discours qui, s’il continue à produire sa propre validation, vise aussi à prescrire aux gouvernements et aux acteurs économiques de « nouvelles » normes de comportement ; des normes qu’il n’édictait pas de cette façon auparavant. Nous analysons donc cette inflexion par une méthode mixte (quantitative/qualitative) et sociodiscursive dans les speeches en français de son directoire. La BCE apparaît comme l’un des « appareils spécifiques » de l’ordre austéritaire en ce qu’elle vise à imposer des normes morales, monétaires et budgétaires aux États.
L’analyse du discours économique du point de vue de l’économie. Analyse de l’argumentation et de la réception de l’article de trois économistes du Fonds monétaire international (FMI)
Authors: Longuet Stéphane , Marques Pereira Jaime 
Published: January 2019

En juin 2016, trois économistes du FMI publient dans la revue de cette organisation un article qui connaît un fort retentissement lié à l’utilisation du mot néolibéralisme pour qualifier certaines politiques économiques, dont les politiques d’austérité. Nous montrons que les ressorts des discussions autour de l’article sont contenus dans les caractéristiques du texte, dont les procédés rhétoriques témoignent d’une volonté d’élargir l’audience, et dans le dispositif institutionnel qui permet d’établir une norme d’interprétation. Nous analysons ensuite la réception de l’article dans la presse francophone, partagée entre la reprise de la norme d’interprétation et la mise en scène d’une distance à l’égard du FMI, et dans l’aire anglophone, structurée autour du Financial Times dont un éditorial et la présence en son sein d’un débat, révèlent une configuration discursive « polémico-consensuelle ». Plus qu’une rupture, l’article du FMI témoigne d’une reconfiguration du discours sur l’austérité.
Réparations conversationnelles dans un entretien d’asile interprété par téléphone
Authors: Määttä Simo K. , Wiklund Mari 
Published: January 2019

Cet article porte sur les initiateurs de réparation non spécifiées ( open class repair initiators) dans un entretien d’asile (durée 2 : 22 : 15) interprété par téléphone en Finlande entre le finnois, la langue de l’enquêteur, et le français, la langue du demandeur d’asile. Une initiation de réparation non spécifiée indique que l’ensemble d’un tour de parole est conçu comme problématique et/ou que la nature du problème ou l’élément problématique restent peu clairs. Ce genre d’initiation indique que le destinataire n’a pas entendu le tour, ne l’a pas compris ou veut donner l’impression qu’il ne l’a pas entendu ou compris. L’étude de ce type de réparations permet d’émettre des hypothèses concernant les causes des incompréhensions et malentendus apparaissant dans une conversation institutionnelle interprétée par téléphone et de décrire les stratégies de résolution de ces situations problématiques. Sur le plan méthodologique, cette étude relève de l’analyse conversationnelle, enrichie de perspectives fournies par les études portant sur l’interprétation et la sociolinguistique critique.
Potential Mediators of Load-Related Changes in Movement Complexity in Young, Healthy Adults
Authors: Glass Stephen M. , Rhea Christopher K. , Schmitz Randy J. , Ross Scott E. 
Published: January 2019

ContextMovement screening has become increasingly popular among tactical professionals. This popularity has motivated the design of interventions that cater to improving outcomes on the screens themselves, which are often scored in reference to an objective norm. In contrast to the assumptions underlying this approach, dynamical systems theory suggests that movements arise as a function of continuously evolving constraints and that optimal movement strategies may not exist. To date, few data address behavioral complexity in the fundamental movement tasks commonly used in clinical screenings.ObjectiveTo provide evidence of complex variability during movement screens and test the role of modifiable—that is, trainable—constraints in mediating loss of complexity during experimental-task manipulations.DesignCrossover study.SettingResearch laboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsTwenty-five male (age = 23.96 ± 3.74 years, height = 178.82 ± 7.51 cm, mass = 79.66 ± 12.66 kg) and 25 female (age = 22.00 ± 2.02 years, height = 165.40 ± 10.24 cm, mass = 63.98 ± 11.07 kg) recreationally active adults.Intervention(s)Participants performed tests of balance, range of motion, and strength. Additionally, they performed cyclical movement tasks under a control (C) condition and while wearing an 18.10-kg weight vest (W).Main Outcome Measure(s)Ground reaction forces were sampled at 1000 Hz and used to calculate center of pressure during cyclical movement tests. Multivariate multiscale entropy (MMSE) for the center-of-pressure signal was then calculated. Condition effects (C versus W) were analyzed using paired t tests, and penalized varying-coefficients regression was used to identify models predicting entropy outcomes from balance, range of motion, and strength.ResultsThe MMSE decreased during the W condition (MMSEC &gt; MMSEW; t49 range = 3.17–5.21; all P values &lt; .01).ConclusionsModerate evidence supported an association between modifiable constraints and behavioral complexity, but a role in mediating load-related loss of complexity was not demonstrated.
Fine motor deficits and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in primary school children
Authors: Mokobane Maria , Pillay Basil J. , Meyer Anneke M. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Many children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display motor deficiencies during their daily routine, which may have impact on their developmental course. Children with ADHD who experience motor deficiencies often display deficits in tasks requiring movements, such as handwriting.Aim: This study investigated deficiencies in fine motor skills in primary school children with ADHD. The study further sought to establish whether ADHD subtypes differ in deficiencies of fine motor performance, recorded for both the dominant and non-dominant hands.Methods: The Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale, completed by educators and parents, was used to screen for ADHD symptoms. Researchers confirmed the diagnosis of ADHD. Motor functioning was assessed using the Grooved Pegboard and Maze Coordination. The children diagnosed with ADHD were matched for age and gender with controls without ADHD. The sample consisted of an ADHD group (160) and control group (160) of primary school children from the Moletjie area.Results: Children with ADHD (predominantly inattentive subtype) and ADHD (combined subtype) performed significantly more poorly than the control group on the Grooved Pegboard (p < 0.05) with both the dominant and non-dominant hand. No significant difference between the hyperactivity and impulsiveness subtype and the controls were found. There was no difference on the Maze Coordination Task (p > 0.05) between the ADHD subtypes and the controls.Conclusion: Difficulties in fine motor skills are prevalent in children with ADHD, particularly in the ADHD-PI and ADHD-C. Problems are encountered in distal, complex, speeded tasks. The effect may lead to poor handwriting and academic performance.
Spray drying of high viscous food concentrates: Investigations on the applicability of an Air-Core-Liquid-Ring (ACLR) nozzle for liquid atomization.
Authors: Wittner Marc Oliver , Karbstein Heike Petra , Gaukel Volker 
Published: January 2019

Spray drying is widely used for powder production from liquid concentrates. Often low input temperatures are desired, as many materials, like proteins, are sensitive to heat. However, this demand leads to increased concentrate viscosities. Commonly used pressure swirl atomizers are limited concerning maximum processible viscosity. In this study, a so called Air-Core-Liquid-Ring Atomizer is used for pilot scale spray drying of whey protein concentrate (WPC80) at 40 °C and hence a viscosity of 0.09 Pa s. The produced powder was compared to an industrially produced reference. As a result, no significant differences in particle size distribution and particle morphology were observed. Keywords: spray drying, atomization, ACLR, high viscous feeds, whey protein concentrate.
Thin layer drying behaviour of fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans
Authors: Mujaffar Saheeda , Ramroop Aveena , Sukha Darin 
Published: January 2019

To assess the impact of a rest interval and bean turning on the thin-layer drying behavior of fermented cocoa beans, beans of mixed Trinitario varieties were dried in a cabinet oven at three temperatures (40, 50, 60°C) using three drying regimes, namely; continuous drying, intermittent drying (drying for 8h with a rest period of 16h), and intermittent drying with turning of beans. Moisture content, water activity, pH and colour attributes were measured and sensory evaluation of the cocoa liquor carried out on selected samples. Drying curves were constructed and drying rate constants (k) and effective diffusivity (Deff) values determined. Keywords: Oven-drying; Fick’s Law; Rate constant; Diffusion coefficient
Agglomeration of hydrolyzed collagen with blackberry pulp in a fluidized bed
Authors: Viegas Thayná R , Taranto Osvaldir Pereira 
Published: January 2019

Hydrolyzed collagen (HC) is a fine powder applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries which has shown good results in the treatment of diseases related to bones, skin and joints. In this study, HC particles were agglomerated in order to increase particle size, optimizing its use as a food ingredient, its handling and its storage. Agglomeration is a process that not only enlarge the size of fine particles, but also improves its properties, such as instantanization time and flowability. The aim of this work was the agglomeration of HC in a fluidized bed having blackberry pulp as a liquid binder. A full factorial design 22 was used to study the effect of the temperature of the fluidizing air (60, 70, 80ºC) and the flow rate of the liquid binder (0.8, 1.2, 1.6 mL/min) on the process yield, mean particle size, water activity and total anthocyanins content. It was observed that anthocyanins content from the blackberry pulp had higher values with lower temperatures. Water activity had lower values with higher temperatures, but in all conditions, it was lower than 0.6. The enlargement of the granules was observed in all conditions studied, increasing up to 275%. Process yield varied from 67,9 to 80,0%. In all conditions, the instantanization time and flowability improved compared to hydrolyzed collagen before agglomeration.Keywords: hydrolyzed collagen; agglomeration; granulation; fluidized bed; blackberry pulp
CT-scanning of the drying process of Eucalyptus nitens
Authors: Couceiro José , Hansson Lars , Ambrož Ahec , Sandberg Dick 
Published: January 2019

The drying of Eucalyptus nitens is a troublesome process as the species is extremely prone to drying defects. This paper reports ongoing research to improve the understanding of surface checking and cell collapse in Chilean grown Eucalyptus nitens during drying. Computed tomography (CT) scanning was used as a powerful tool for studying the internal changes in the wood-material during the drying process. Different levels of temperatures have been tested with the same equilibrium moisture content (EMC) conditions and low air velocity. The results confirm that a low drying temperature and a low air velocity, which results in a slow rate of drying, reduce internal cell collapse and surface checking . Keywords: Cell collapse; computed tomography; surface checks; wood drying; internal checks
Dynamic optimization of the transmission efficiency between the solid state microwave sources and the microwave applicator
Authors: Zuber Simon , Joss Marcel , Tresch S. , Kleingries M. 
Published: January 2019

Microwaves are a fast way to dry moist goods through volumetric heating. During the drying process, materials change their electrical properties. As a result, the impedances at the feed port of the applicator will change and the microwave source is not matched anymore. The amount of reflected power increases and the process efficiency reduces. New semiconductor high power sources can perform a dynamic impedance matching. A lab scaled functional model with two sources was designed and realized. For measuring the scattering parameters during the process run, an embedded two-port vector network analyzer was added. Measurement results confirm the feasibility of the concept. Keywords: Microwave drying, dynamic efficiency optimization, multichannel feed, solid state based microwave source
Comparison between the finite differences, finite volume and finite element methods for the modelling of convective drying of fruit slices
Authors: Moreno Fabian Leonardo , Castro Adriana María , Mayorga Edgar Yesid 
Published: January 2019

Three numerical methods, finite differences, finite volume and finite element, were compared to know their convenience in the simulation of convective drying of fruit slices. The mathematical treatment, the stability, the convergence and the sensibility were analysed for each method. The data of the simulations were compared with the data of feijoa dried at 60°C, 5 mm of thickness and air velocity of 0.5ms-1. The error was 7%, 13% and 17% for finite element, finite volume and finite differences respectively. The method selection depends on the software, the required data precision and the use of the model. Keywords: mathematical model; convective drying; numerical methods
Drying of microalga Spirulina platensis in a rotary dryer with inert bed
Authors: Barrozo Marcos A.S. , Silva N. C. , Silva T. C. , Santos A. O. , Graton I. S. , Duarte C. R. 
Published: January 2019

The aim of this work is investigate the use of a rotary dryer with inert bed for drying of microalga Spirulina platensis. The influence of air temperature, feed rate, rotation speed and inerts filling degree was quantified. The contents of main bioactive compounds were also analyzed. The results shown that the used drying system proved to be an interesting alternative for a possible use of this microalga, if performed under adequate conditions. It was identified conditions with high drying performance and with the preservation of product quality.Keywords: Spirulina platensis; rotary dryer; inert bed; bioactive compounds.
Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) as pre-treatment for freeze-drying of plant tissues
Authors: Boy Virginie , Al-Sayed Lubana , Madieta Emmanuel , Mehinagic Emira , Lanoisellé Jean-Louis 
Published: January 2019

The influence of pulsed electric fields (PEF) treatment on freeze-drying for potato and strawberry tissues was investigated. Samples were pre-treated by PEF ( 400 V cm-1) for different treatment times. Freeze-drying was carried out at -17°C and 18.4 Pa or 30 Pa for potato and strawberry tissues, respectively. The effects of PEF pre-treatment was compared with intact samples. The drying time was reduced by 35% for potato and 30% for strawberry. The sample rehydration capacity and the electrolytes released during the rehydration were higher for pre-treated samples. Strawberries texture was characterized by the hardness, the cohesiveness and the springiness.Keywords: Pulsed Electric fields; Freeze-drying; Potato; Strawberry; Textural Properties.
Multivariable modeling of an innovative hybrid solar-gas dryer
Authors: Abdenouri Naji , Zoukit A. , Elferouali H. , Salhi I. , Doubabi S. 
Published: January 2019

The main goal of this paper, is to propose a multivariable control model (MM) issued from CFD study of an innovative hybrid solar-gas dryer to simulate the drying chamber temperature in three modes of operation: Solar mode, Gas mode and hybrid mode. There is an indirect heating of drying air instead of direct heating inside the drying chamber. The air temperature obtained by CFD is still closed to one obtained by multivariable model (MM) with an RMSE under 2.31. the proposed multivariable model leads to a quick output parameters estimation related to each clilmate conditions and so, to an easy control of a hybrid solar dryer. Keywords: Hybrid dryer; Multivariable model; solar dryer simulation; solar dryer control; Least square methods
The construction of thermodynamic expressions needed in the physicochemical mathematical model required for the rational quantitative evaluation of the freeze drying process of pharmaceutical solutions employing tertiary butyl alcohol as a co-solvent
Authors: Liapis Athanasios I , Wang Jee-Ching , Bruttini Roberto 
Published: January 2019

A thermodynamic model employing the UNIFAC (Dortmund) method was developed to determine the currently unavailable partial vapor pressures of the binary gas mixture of water and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in equilibrium with their frozen solid mixtures. The results agree satisfactorily with the experimental data and indicate that TBA has higher vapor pressures which lead to higher total pressures at the moving interface that could result in larger total pressure gradients and convective mass transfer rates in the dried layer during primary drying. But the higher total pressures reduce the magnitude of the bulk diffusivity of the gas mixture and combined with the smaller Knudsen diffusivity of TBA could significantly impact the competing mass transfer mechanisms during freeze drying. Keywords: Freeze drying; Water and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA); UNIFAC (Dortmund); Partial vapor pressures; Convective flow and bulk and Knudsen diffusion
Organic apples (cv. Elstar) quality evaluation during hot-air drying using Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Shrestha Luna , Moscetti Roberto , Crichton Stuart , Hensel Oliver , Sturm Barbara 
Published: January 2019

Organic dried apples are common snacks fulfilling functional as well as nutritional aspects. However, appearance of dried slices does not always satisfy consumer requirements, thus, improvements are needed. In this study, partial least squares (PLS) regression models were successfully developed to monitor changes in colour and moisture content in apple slices during the drying process over the Vis/NIR spectral range. The regression vector analysis results suggested that features at 580, 750 and 970 nm are better for predicting moisture content, while 580 and 680 nm allow to measure the (a*/b*) colour ratio. Keywords: Drying; Dried apple slices; Moisture content; Colour; PLSR modelling
Development of cost-effective protocol for preparation of dehydrated paneer (Indian cottage cheese) using freeze drying
Authors: Sharma Sadhana , Nema P. H. , Emanuel N. , Singha S. 
Published: January 2019

Nowadays, there is high consumer demand in the market for simple to prepare, convenient, healthy and natural foods. Paneer or Indian cottage cheese is an acid and heat coagulated milk product which serves as a rich source of animal proteins for the vegetarians. Due to high moisture content (58-60 %), it is highly perishable in nature. Drying of paneer would undoubtedly extend the shelf life of paneer and also help in value-addition of paneer. Dehydrated paneer would find numerous ways to be use. Drying of paneer by conventional methods poses threats including case-hardening and non-uniform incomplete drying, poor rehydration characteristics, longer drying time, yellow discoloration and oiling off during drying. Freeze drying remains the best in retaining the quality of dried food products. Though it is highly expensive due to high processing and operation costs. The present study focuses on developing cost-effective protocol for freeze-drying of paneer. Efforts have been made by use of pre-treatments prior subjecting to freeze drying. The dehydrated product would be shelf-stable and can be rehydrated to its original state having flavor and texture comparable to the fresh form. Moreover, the final product after rehydration would be more fresh and softer than its frozen counterparts. The developed product would be easily kept well for few years at room temperature without any addition of preservatives.Keywords: Paneer; freeze-drying; color; rehydration ratio; pre-treatment