bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of UV-B light on Small RNA Activity During Grapevine Berry Development
Authors: Sunitha Sukumaran , Loyola Rodrigo , Alcalde José Antonio , Arce-Johnson Patricio , Matus José Tomás , Rock Christopher D 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We explored the effects of ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) on the developmental dynamics of microRNAs and phased small-interfering-RNA (phasi-RNAs)-producing loci by sequencing small RNAs in vegetative and reproductive organs of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). In particular, we tested different UV-B conditions in in vitro-grown plantlets (high-fluence exposition) and in berries from field-grown (radiation filtering) and greenhouse-grown (low- and high-fluence expositions) adult plants throughout fruit development and ripening. The functional significance of the observed UV-coordinated miRNA responses was supported by degradome evidences of ARGONAUTE (AGO)-programmed slicing of mRNAs. Co-expression patterns of the up-regulated miRNAs miR156, miR482, miR530, and miR828 with cognate target gene expressions in response to high-fluence UV-B was tested by q-RT-PCR. The observed UV-response relationships were also interrogated against two published UV-stress and developmental transcriptome datasets. Together, the dynamics observed between miRNAs and targets suggest that changes in target abundance are mediated transcriptionally and, in some cases, modulated post-transcriptionally by miRNAs. Despite the major changes in target abundance are being controlled primarily by those developmental effects that are similar between treatments, we show evidence for novel miRNA-regulatory networks in grape. A model is proposed where high-fluence UV-B increases miR168 and miR530 that target ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) and a Plus-3 domain mRNA, respectively, while decreasing miR403 that targets AGO2, thereby coordinating post-transcriptional gene silencing activities by different AGOs. Up-regulation of miR3627/4376 could facilitate anthocyanin accumulation by antagonizing a calcium effector, whereas miR395 and miR399, induced by micronutrient deficiencies known to trigger anthocyanin accumulation, respond positively to UV-B radiation. Finally, increases in the abundance of an anthocyanin-regulatory MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex elucidated in Arabidopsis, mediated by UV-B-induced changes in miR156/miR535, could contribute to the observed up-regulation of miR828. In turn, miR828 would regulate the AtMYB113-ortologues MYBA5, A6 and A7 (and thereby anthocyanins) via a widely conserved and previously validated auto-regulatory loop involving miR828 and phasi TAS4abc RNAs.
The Genetics of Mating Song Evolution Underlying Rapid Speciation: Linking Quantitative Variation to Candidate Genes for Behavioral Isolation
Authors: Xu Mingzi , Shaw Kerry L 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A common component of divergence in mating behavior is the distinctive mating songs of insects, and identifying genes underlying natural variation in acoustic behavior is important for understanding targets of selection during speciation. Here...
Differences in mating behaviors evolve early during speciation, eventually contributing to reproductive barriers between species. Knowledge of the genetic and genomic basis of these behaviors is therefore integral to a causal understanding of speciation. Acoustic behaviors are often part of the mating ritual in animal species. The temporal rhythms of mating songs are notably species-specific in many vertebrates and arthropods and often underlie assortative mating. Despite discoveries of mutations that disrupt the temporal rhythm of these songs, we know surprisingly little about genes affecting naturally occurring variation in the temporal pattern of singing behavior. In the rapidly speciating Hawaiian cricket genus Laupala, the striking species variation in song rhythms constitutes a behavioral barrier to reproduction between species. Here, we mapped the largest-effect locus underlying interspecific variation in song rhythm between two Laupala species to a narrow genomic region, wherein we find no known candidate genes affecting song temporal rhythm in Drosophila. Whole-genome sequencing, gene prediction, and functional annotation of this region reveal an exciting and promising candidate gene, the putative cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel-like gene, for natural variation in mating behavior, suggesting that ion channels are important targets of selection on rhythmic signaling during establishment of behavioral isolation and rapid speciation.
Osimertinib in Elderly Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor T790M-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Who Progressed During Prior Treatment: A Phase II Trial
Authors: Nakao Akira , Hiranuma Osamu , Uchino Junji , Sakaguchi Chikara , Kita Toshiyuki , Hiraoka Noriya , Ishizuka Tamotsu , Kubota Yutaka , Kawasaki Masayuki , Goto Yasuhiro , Imai Hisao , Hattori Noboru , Nakatomi Keita , Uramoto Hidetaka , Uryu Kiyoaki , Fukuda Minoru , Uchida Yasuki , Yokoyama Toshihide , Akai Masaya , Mio Tadashi , Nagashima Seiji , Chihara Yusuke , Tamiya Nobuyo , Kaneko Yoshiko , Mouri Takako , Yamada Tadaaki , Yoshimura Kenichi , Fujita Masaki , Takayama Koichi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 85% of lung cancer in elderly patients. In the present study performed in the 36 elderly subjects with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation-positive NSCLC, osimertinib 80 mg demonstrated statistically significant improvement in the objective response rate, which was comparable to those in the nonelderly population. Osimertinib appears to be an effective and safe treatment option in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutation; further research in larger scale is warranted.

Background
Previous findings suggest the possibility of relatively safe use of osimertinib for patients with T790M-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with few serious adverse events for the elderly in comparison with conventional endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and with an antitumor effect.

Methods
This phase II study was performed to prospectively investigate the efficacy and safety of osimertinib for elderly patients aged ≥75 years with ineffective prior EGFR TKI treatment or with recurrence in T790M EGFR TKI resistance mutation-positive NSCLC.

Results
A total of 36 patients were included in the analyses. Among the 36 subjects, 63.9% were female, with mean age of 79.9 years. The objective response rate (ORR) was 58.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.2%–72.9%), demonstrating statistically significant efficacy of osimertinib (p = .0017). The median duration of response (DOR) was 27.9 weeks (95% CI, 21.1–82.0). Complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) were 2.8% and 55.6%, respectively. Disease control rate (DCR) was 97.2%. A waterfall plot revealed that 33 (91.6%) subjects exhibited tumor shrinkage during treatment, including 12 of 14 subjects who had stable disease (SD). All adverse events were not reason for discontinuation of the study drug.

Conclusion
Osimertinib may be an effective and safe treatment option in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutation.
The prevalence and associated factors of viral hepatitis and cryptogenic related hepatocellular carcinoma at King Abdulaziz Medical city-Riyadh
Authors: Alhaqbani Abdulaziz H. , Almusalam Abdulaziz , Alnadhari Abdulaziz , Alsalem Abdulmalik , Alrasheed Meshal , Alalwan Abduljaleel , Aldamkh Bander 
Published: January 2019

Background: Worldwide, viral hepatitis is the major risk factor for HCC with hepatitis B (HBV) being more than hepatitis C (HCV). Saudi Arabia is one of the endemic areas of viral hepatitis. Cryptogenic HCC is thought to arias from unknown causes of liver cancers. Thus, the purpose of this study was to find the prevalence of viral and cryptogenic HCC in King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh (KAMC-R).Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all HCC patients diagnosed between 2010 to 2017 at KAMC-R. Information regarding age, gender, comorbidity, alcohol consumption, serology tests, liver enzymes, body mass index, model for end-stage liver disease score, alpha-fetoprotein and Child-Turcotte-Pugh score were included. The Chi-square test was used to determine the differences between categorical data. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Total of 294 patients with HCC charts were reviewed. HCV and HBV were found in 42.85% and 20.74% of the patients, respectively. Co-infection with HBV and HCV were reported in 1.7% whereas cryptogenic HCC was found in 32.65% of the patients. High BMI and DLP were noticeably higher in cryptogenic group (p=0.045 and p=0.022 respectively). Multiple lesions were noticed more in HCV group whereas single lesion was more in the cryptogenic group (p=0.0343). Also, large lesions (>5 cm) were remarkably found more in cryptogenic HCC whereas small lesions were more in HCV group (p=0.006).Conclusions: Hepatitis C was the major risk factor associated with HCC, followed by Cryptogenic HCC. High BMI and DLP were common features of cryptogenic HCC.
Patellar Height Assessment Methods
Authors: Igoumenou Vasilios G. , Dimopoulos Leonidas , Mavrogenis Andreas F. 
Published: January 2019

* Direct and indirect radiographic methods have been proposed for patellar height assessment. Direct methods relate the position of the patella to the femur, and indirect methods relate the position of the patella to the tibia.* Various knee flexion angles have been used for practicality or because obtaining a true lateral knee radiograph is difficult. Knee flexion angles and quadriceps contraction modify patellar height measurements because of proximal patellar displacement and influence patellar height ratios.* Over time, progression from a simple radiographic measurement to modern biomechanical and imaging technologies has added complexity to the techniques devised to measure patellar height. Currently, the definition of patellar height and its causal relationship to the conditions commonly associated with anterior knee pain remain controversial.
Dew condensation during a typical haze event in Changchun, China
Authors: Xu Yingying , Luan Zhaoqing , Zhu Hui 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Haze is one of the most serious environmental problems affecting China. This study monitored the changes in dew amount and quality during a haze event that occurred in 2016. Water vapor migrated continuously to the near surface during the haze event. The period of dew condensation increased because of meteorological factors, and the daily dew amount (0.178 mm) was higher during the haze event than in non-haze weather (0.0607 mm). The concentrations of all ions in the dew increased gradually during the haze event, peaking during the most serious period of the haze. The concentrations of SO42− and NH4+ reached 15,325.95 and 13,865.45 μeq/L, which were 2.24 and 10.83 times greater than those obtained before the haze event, respectively. During the haze event, the particulate matter (PM) concentrations within the dew increased, and the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 during the worst haze event were 65.3 and 166.1 mg/L, respectively. The dew mainly removed coarse PM; the average removal rates of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 during the haze event were 13.6% and 16.9%, respectively. Dew can capture PM throughout a haze event, and its purifying effect on the underlying surface was obvious, especially during the beginning of the event.
Balanced scorecard model for water utilities in Egypt
Authors: Abdelghany Mohamed , Abdel-Monem Mohamed 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Water utilities in Egypt are facing difficulties in managing the numerous indicators generated from the different departments. The increasing number of indicators and factors cause distraction and difficulties to interpreting the causes of problems, time wasting in analyzing redundant and unnecessary information, and delays in taking effective decisions. The BSC (Balanced Score Cards) technique has been utilized by many international utilities as the most inﬂuential multidimensional performance management system worldwide. This paper developed a new BSC model in cooperation with experts and managers to help decision makers managing water utilities' performance efficiently. The proposed model is based on the Egyptian Water and Wastewater Regulatory Agency performance indicators. In addition, new indicators have been developed to integrate all indicators that might affect overall utility performance. The proposed model will provide the utilities' managers with a fast but comprehensive view of the utility's performance. It also can be used by the regulatory agency as an evaluation and ranking tool for different water providers on the national level.
Passive sampling of polar emerging contaminants in Irish catchments
Authors: Jones Lisa , Ronan Jenny , McHugh Brendan , Regan Fiona 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Passive sampling (PS) is a very useful approach for the monitoring of emerging contaminants in environmental matrices, showing greater sensitivity than can be achieved by current best practice – grab sampling – and is applicable to a wide variety of compounds. An EU Directive (2013/39/EC) has added substances to the existing Water Framework Directive (WFD) Priority Substance list. Investigation into PS in the monitoring of these compounds is necessary to show the potential of this technique in supporting monitoring requirements under the WFD. A catchment-based approach evaluated the occurrence of these compounds in Irish surface waters. This work deals with the challenges associated with the use of PS in a legislative context, and for routine monitoring of emerging contaminants. Looking at a number of sites across Ireland, upstream and downstream of wastewater treatment plants, the focus was on polar analytes and polar PS (POCIS). With method limits of detection (LODs) of 0.001 mg L−1 pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were found in water and passive samples alike, whereas the polar pesticides were not often detected or were below the annual average environmental quality standard levels. The results of this study show the potential for PS as a monitoring technique for emerging and watch-list chemicals.
Efficacy and Safety of Nilutamide in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer who Underwent Orchiectomy: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Rashid Muhammed , Shamshavali K. , Chhabra Manik 
Published: January 2019

Background:Prostate cancer is the sixth leading cause of death, among all cancer deaths By 2030, this burden is expected to increase with 1.7 million new cases and 499,000 new deaths. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nilutamide in metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) patients who underwent orchiectomy.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in the Medline/PubMed and Cochrane Library. References from included studies and studies from clinicaltrials.gov were explored without language and date restrictions. We included only randomized controlled trials, comparing the safety and efficacy of Nilutamide in Metastatic Prostate Cancer (mPCa) patients who underwent orchiectomy with placebo. The outcomes of concerns were survival and the response of drug and safety.. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Two authors were independently involved in the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Disagreements between the two reviewers were resolved by consulting a third reviewer.Results:A total of five out of 244 studies were included in meta-analysis involving1637 participants. Nilutamide group showed improved response rate (RR=1.77, 95%CI 1.46-2.14, p<0.00001), disease progression (RR=0.59, 95%CI 0.47-0.73, p<0.00001), complete response (RR=2.13, 95%CI 1.40-3.23, p=0.003) and clinical benefit (RR=1.23, 95%CI 1.13-1.34, p<0.00001) when compared to placebo; however, stable disease favored the control group (RR=0.80, 95%CI 0.68-0.94, p=0.007). In addition, patients on Nilutamide showed prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival. Nausea and vomiting were the most common adverse events reported in Nilutamide group.Conclusion:Evidence suggests that patients with mPCa who underwent orchiectomy receiving Nilutamide showed significant improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival response rate and clinical benefits in comparison with the placebo group.
The Effect of Methylphenidate on Reed Scaling in Benzodiazepine Poisoning: A Prospective Trial
Authors: Latifi-Pour Masoud , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein , Mortazavi Helya-Sadat , Shadnia Shahin , Zamani Nasim , Rahimi Mitra 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Benzodiazepine is one of the most important causes of substance abuse
and intoxication throughout the world and Iran.

Objective:
The aim of our study is to determine the role of stimulants in reversing CNS level in
acute Benzodiazepine poisoning patients who were hospitalized at referral poison center.

Methods:
This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial study on 32 cases with pure
acute Benzodiazepine poisoning from March 2016 to February 2017. Diagnosis of pure acute poisoning
was based on history, and laboratory confirmation. We gathered the demographics, clinical
data, laboratory data, hospitalization and outcome. Participants were randomized into two groups:
Methylphenidate Group (MPH) and Placebo Group (PBO).

Results:
The randomized sample consisted of 32 participants who were predominately female
(83%). The majority of the PBO group and the MPH group reported improvement in their consciousness
with a significant difference between the two groups (p = .005). Paired sample t-test
analyses on Reed Scale data revealed an increase in the probability of improvement during the trial
for the MPH group compared to the PBO group. Furthermore, the HCo3 (bicarbonate) level has a
significant p-value with respect to age groups (p = .02). None of our cases required either the ICU
facility or intubation.

Conclusion:
Our study provided the MPH superiority over PBO in reversing CNS symptoms in loss
of consciousness in acute BZD poisoned patients. Thus, this trial provides concrete evidence that
improvement in consciousness levels (Reed Scale rated) among those patients receiving MPH was
associated with a methylphenidate use.
Directed Search of Anti-inflammatory Agents Among (3HQuinazoline- 4-ylidene)hydrazides of N-protected Amino acids and their Heterocyclization Products
Authors: Martynenko Yulya , Antypenko Oleksii , Nosulenko Inna , Berest Galina , Kovalenko Sergii 
Published: January 2019

Background:(Quinazoline-4-ylidene)hydrazides are valued intermediates in modern organic chemistry, as they are commonly used for the synthesis of substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines.Objective:Unknown N-acyl-2-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-2-yl)-alkyl-(alkaryl-, aryl-) amines were synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory potential.Methods:The peculiarities of the synthesized compounds structures were studied by IR-, NMR spectroscopy and chromatography-mass spectrometry and were discussed in detail. Probable molecular mechanisms of activity (inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2) were predicted due to molecular docking. Anti-inflammatory activity of synthesized compounds was determined by their ability to reduce the formalin-induced paw edema in rats. Diclofenac sodium was used as reference drug.Results:In this study, the synthesis of N-acetyl-(benzoyl)-2-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolinе- 2-yl)alkyl-(aralkyl-, aryl-)amines, using (3H-quinazoline-4-ylidene)hydrazides of Nprotected amino acids or 4-hydrazinoquinazoline and N-prorotected amino acids as starting compounds was developed. It was established that the reaction of (3H-quinazoline-4- ylidene)hydrazides of Boc-amino acids occurred with the formation of N-acetyl-substituted triazoloquinazolines. High anti-inflammatory activity was detected for unknown (3Hquinazoline- 4-ylidene)hydrazides Boc-amino acids (1.13-1.15) and N-acetyl-(benzoyl)-2- ([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-2-yl-)aralkyl-(aryl-)amines (3.2, 3.3, 3.11, 3.12), using the experimental formalin test.Conclusion:The conducted SAR-analysis allowed to detect critical fragments. Namely, the Boc-aminoaralkyl-(aryl-)acid residue in (3H-quinazoline-4-ylidene)hydrazides (1.13- 1.15), benzyl and phenyl linker groups in N-acetyl-(benzoyl)-2-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- c]quinazoline-2-yl-)aralkyl-(aryl-) amines (3.2, 3.3, 3.11, 3.12) are believed to be substantial for anti-inflammatory activity.
Periodismo de opinión y discurso de género: análisis comparativo de las columnas de <em>El País Semanal</em> (<em>El País</em>) y <em>Magazine</em> (<em>La Vanguardia</em>)
Authors: Vargas Carrillo María Soledad 
Published: January 2019

<p class="Cuerpo">En este artículo, se presentan los principales resultados de un estudio (mixto) cuantitativo y cualitativo sobre la escritura de columnistas españoles (de revistas dominicales). Partiendo de los siguientes supuestos: en primer lugar, pensamos que entre los columnistas mujeres y hombres podrían existir diferentes temáticas, relacionadas con el referente al que cada uno alude en razón del género del autor. En segundo lugar, por esto mismo, pertenencia a un género u otro, existirían entre los columnistas mujeres y hombres diferencias estilísticas, con objetivos y fines diferentes para ellos y ellas.</p><p class="Cuerpo"> Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar el discurso periodístico de columnistas mujeres y hombres, con el fin de encontrar rasgos singulares de cada grupo y también, ver si existen diferencias o similitudes<strong>,</strong> tanto a nivel temático (asuntos tratados por unos y por otros) como en relación al discurso estilístico (figuras retóricas que emplean ellas y ellos, y la finalidad de su utilización). Este se pudo alcanzar tras un estudio interdisciplinario entre el periodismo y la literatura con perspectiva de género.</p><p class="Cuerpo"> </p>
Metal ions as antibacterial agents
Authors: Mittapally Sirisha , Taranum Ruheena , Parveen Sumaiya 
Published: January 2019

Metals like mercury, arsenic, copper and silver have been used in various forms as antimicrobials for thousands of years. The use of metals in treatment was mentioned in Ebers Papyrus (1500BC); i.e, copper to decrease inflammation & iron to overcome anemia. Copper has been registered at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as the earliest solid antimicrobial material. Copper is used for the treatment of different E. coli, MRSA, Pseudomonas infections. Advantage of use of silver is it has low toxicity to human’s cells than bacteria.It is less susceptible to gram +ve bacteria than gram –bacteria due to its thicker cell wall. Zinc is found to be active against Streptococcus pneumonia, Campylobacter jejuni. Silver & zinc act against vibrio cholera & enterotoxic E. coli. The use of metals as antibacterial got reduce with discovery of antibiotics in twentieth century, immediately after that antibiotic resistance was seen due to transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by plasmids also known as Resistance Transfer Factors or R-factors. Metal complexes are used to show synergistic activity against bacteria’s like copper & chlorhexidine on dental plaque bacteria, silver nanoparticles & cephalexin against E. coli & S. aureus.
Keywords: Metals, Oligodynamic effect, Copper, Silver