bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurence and Evolution of in Vivo Platelet Release Phenomenon. Study in Severe Burns.
Authors: Hourdillé P. , Boisseau M.R. , Bernard Ph. , Sanchez P. 
Published: May 2019

During the first post burn period (first and second week) the most severe cases showed evidence of a platelet storage pool deficiency, i.e. : no aggregation with ADP, decreased nucleotide content, reduced number of granules loaded with mepacrine (presence of non granulated platelets) and increase in the percentage of light platelets. During the second post burn period (3rd to 5th week) on the same patients and for the least severe cases, the abnormalities were found heterogeneous, suggesting evidence of a partial release phenomenon, Altough the platelet nucleotide content was reduced, quite a few “empty” platelets were found, there was no significant increase of light platelets.These data indicate, with regard to the platelets, the presence of a partial release phenomenon during extensive peripheral destruction of platelets which can sometimes reach the state of a Storage Pool Dasease.
Thrombin Enhancement of Human Low Molecular Weight Factor VIII Procoagulant (LMW)
Authors: Horowitz B. , Lippin A. , Woods K.R. 
Published: May 2019

LMW was isolated by affinity chromatography on FVIII-Sepharose and characterized with regard to its reaction with thrombin (0.05 u/ml). In contrast to enhancement of the procoagulant activity (FVIII:C) observed with undissociated FVIII, enhancement of FVIII:C of LMW proceeds more slowly and to a lesser extent. Furthermore, thrombin-enhanced FVIII:C of LMW is relatively stable, frequently for periods up to 6 hours. Neither increasing thrombin to 0.5 u/ml nor adding HMW prior to thrombin alters this stability. Thrombin-enhanced LMW was inhibited by addition of human FVIII inhibitor. Measurement of thrombin esterolytic activity revealed the presence of a thrombin inhibitory activity in the LMW but not in the purified, undissociated FVIII preparation. It is not currently known whether this activity is due to a contaminant. The addition of heparin had no effect on the kinetics of inactivation of thrombin indicating the inhibitor is not antithrombin III. These data suggest that LMW may exhibit thrombin inhibitory activity or that FVIII may bind an inhibitor of thrombin.Advantage was taken of the stability of thrombin-enhanced LMW to determine if it is a serine protease as recently suggested by Vehar and Davie (Science 197: 374, 1977) for bovine FVIII. Human LMW reacted with thrombin was not sensitive to addition of diisopropyl fluorophosphate, indicating that human FVIII is not a serine protease
Platelet and Plasma Serotonin in Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Parbtani A. , Frampton G. , Cameron J.S. 
Published: May 2019

Intra-platelet and free plasma serotonin levels can be measured easily on casually collected samples of ACD-blood. Platelet serotonin levels were depressed and plasma serotonin levels were raised in progressive immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis (i.e. patients with disease resulting in renal failure), but were normal in non-progressive forms of glomerulonephritis. Platelet serotonin levels correlated well with the immunological activity of the disease and to a lesser extent with renal function in the groups and in individual patients studied serially, particularly in SLE nephritis. Platelet serotonin levels also correlated with serum-platelet aggregating material (believed to be immune complexes) and with Raji cel1-detected circulating immune complexes. Uptake of 14C-serotonin by platelets in vitro did not correlate with platelet serotonin levels in progressive primary glomerulonephritits, but did so in SLE nephritis. Platelet serotonin assay provides further evidence of platelet involvement in the pathogenesis of glomerular injury, suggests platelet activation in the circulation, and provides an easy measure of this involvement in relation to the clinical and the immunological disease activity.
Plasminogen Activators in Human Seminal Plasma
Authors: Rijken D.C. , Wijngaards G. 
Published: May 2019

The presence of fibrinolytic activity in seminal plasma has been known for many years. However, the identity of this activity has not yet been clarified satisfactorily. Recently, by using antisera against urokinase and tissue activator purified from human uterus, we demonstrated that these activators are distinct proteins. In this study both antisera were used to identify the fibrinolytic activity in human seminal plasma. Identification was achieved on fibrin plates by measuring to what extent the fibrinolytic activity of the seminal plasma was quenched by the IgG fraction of the antisera. It appeared that tissue activator antibodies as well as urokinase antibodies partly quenched the activity. A mixture of both antibodies totally quenched the activity. This indicates, that the fibrinolytic activity of seminal plasma should be ascribed to plasminogen activators and that they can be differentiated on account of their immunological relationship with tissue activator or urokinase.In contrast to the tissue activator related activity, the urokinase related activity of seminal plasma was found to be inhibited by added Cl inhibitor. However, under similar conditions, the activity of a reference urokinase solution could hardly be inhibited by Cl inhibitor. This discrepancy could be explained by the presence in seminal plasma of a precursor of urokinase which cannot be activated in the presence of Cl inhibitor.
Tocainide in the Prevention of Deep-Vein Thrombosis Following Elective Hip-Surgery (Charnley Arthroplasty)
Authors: Cooke E.D. , Bowcock Sally A. 
Published: May 2019

Lignocaine is effective in the prophylaxis of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) after hip surgery. However the drug must be administered intravenously. Tocainide is an oral analogue of lignocaine with similar cardiac anti-arrhythmic effects to the parent drug. This investigation reports the results using the drug in the prevention of DVT in 32 patients following hip surgery using 400mg. 8 hourly commencing 36 hours before surgery.In the first 12 patients, phlebography was performed on the 7th and 14th postoperative days; in the remaining patients phlebography was performed on the 14th postoperative day. The total incidence of DVT was 34 per cent (expected incidence 70-80%) However many of the thrombi in the calf were minute; the incidence of thigh vein thrombi was 3% (expected incidence 50%). These results indicate the necessity for a double-blind randomised trial of tocainide in the prophylaxis of DVT following elective hip surgery.
Methods of Analysis of Drug Action on Fibrinolysis in Vitro
Authors: Wolf P. 
Published: May 2019

Drugs may Influence the rate of fibrinolysis in vitro la various ways: chloroform accelerates fibrinolysis by suppressing inhibitors of plasminogen activation or plasmin action; heparin accelerates fibrinolysis Indirectly by Inducing abnormal clot structure which is more susceptible to lyeia; 6-amlno-hexanoic acid has a dual mode of action it accelerates plasmin generation from plasminogen in plasma or serum or from plasminogen already absorbed on fibrin clots; simultaneously this drug competitively Inhibits further attachment of plasminogen to fibrin.This is s demonstration of methods of analysis by which the above conclusions have been reached. The methods illustrated are; (i) baaed on measurement of red cell release from standard blood-elote; (ii) dependent on determination fluorlmetrically of the soluble protein liberated from labelled fibrin in the presence and absence of added plasminogen; and(iii) assay of the rate of plasmin generation using S2Z51 chromogenic substrate. The methods are fully documented and possible ways in which they may find applications for other investigations are also outlined.
Computerized Platelet Aggregation Analysis: A New Method
Authors: Zeller J.A. , Dayhoff R.E. , Ledley R.S. , Kulkarni Y.G. 
Published: May 2019

Computerized Platelet Aggregation Analysis (CPAA) is a new direct, microscopic methedo-logy using image analysis to quantitate thousands of free platelets and aggregates in platelet rich plasma suspensions and determine the percentage of platelets present in discrete aggregate size groups. CPAA is sensitive to the earliest stages of platelet aggregation which are not recognized by light transmission aggregometry (0% change in light transmission). Platelets of ten normal irxiividuals aged 20-40 years were stimulated by a spin bar (SB) (1100 rpm) for a one minute and a ten minute period. The mean values are shown below for different aggregate size groups.There is no significant increase in the number of aggregates between one and ten mirais of stimulation except for size group 9-40, which shows a minimal increment (P .025). All platelet suspensions contained aggregates of size group 3-8 platelets/aggregate and 4 of 10 specimens had aggregates of size 9-40,No aggregates larger than 41 platelets were found. CPAA can also be applied to the study of larger sized platelet aggregates induced in abnormal individuals.
Pre-Aggregation changes in plate let volume
Authors: Gear A.R.L. 
Published: May 2019

Previous research on whether platelet volume increases durinq the morphological changes precedinq aqqregation is controversial; resistive-countinq techniques reveal an increase, centrifugal methods do noL. A computerized, resistive-particle counter has therefore been used to size platelets before and after incubation with ADP. The effects of EDIA and centrifugation were also evaluated. ADP (2 mH) significantly increased mean platelet volume from 4.81 to 5.47(p<.001). CDIA (2 mM) inhibited this increase by 50%, and both centrifugation and EDIA also caused platelet swelling.Platelet shape was experimentally manipulated with colchicine, chlorpromazine and temperature cycling, to test the hypothesis that changes in resistive-volume stem from artifacts of particle shape. Scanning-electron microscopy confirmed that these treatments caused extensive sphering of disc-shaped platelets. However, subsequent exposure to ADP resulted in major increases in resistive volume, and in the case of chlorpromazine, no pseudopodia were extruded. It is concludedthat platelet volume can increase durinq pre-aqqreqation reactions, and that earlier research based on centri-Tuqation in the presence of EDIA failed tn reveal the increase because of inhibitory and swelling effects. This work mas supported, in part, by PHS Grants AM-20727, HL-1S289, and HL-7D759.
In Vivo Comparison of Heparin and Other Mucopolisacarids Antithrombotic effect
Authors: Szwarcer E. , Giuliani R. , Martínez Aquino E. 
Published: May 2019

20 dogs(between 15-20kgs weight) were protected against experimental vein thrombosis using either heparin or M945 (orally absorbable, MW10-20.000 mucopolisacarid. Syntex Arg). Vein thrombosis was induced using XIIa-XIa con centrates, and the minimal concentration to be infused to each animal, that would induce a 4/4 size thrombous was determined. Stasis was induced with atraumatic clamps, and yugular and femoral veins were used. Heparin and M945 were compared in their KCCT, TT effects, related to their AntiXa potentiating effect. Differing from heparin, infused M945 has nearly no actions on KCCT or TTThe experience showed that with nearly no actions on blood coagulation, AntiXa was enhanced as when using heparin, and dogs were protected aeainst experimental thrombosis.This results stress for the first time in in vivo studies the possibility of inhibiting deep vein thrombosis development without hemostatic changes
Quantitative Index of the Blood Clot Elasticity
Authors: Pieptea R. , Pieptea M. , Pieptea D. 
Published: May 2019

One of the most characteristic feature of the blood clot is the elasticity, its capacity of doing passively a mechanical work. The information about this property given by the thrombelastographic Am is quite relative, Mathepltical Modelling of the active phase of the blood coagulation, phenomenon,

allowed us a proper evaluation of this quality, by the definite integral of the function. The index of the clot elasticity (Q) can be calculated according to the formula:

and represents the relative value (Q%) of the clot elasticity obtained, in the sample of blood to be examined, against the absolute value (100%) in the hypothetical case with sudden coagulation and inextensible fibrin.The normal values of this index are: 17 < Q < 25%. Underneath, (Q < 17%) there is a reduced elasticity, so as above,(Q > 25%), the figure snows, an increased elactricity.a, xc and xm are parameters which can be measured on the thrombelastographi tracing. λ is calculated:

.
Malignancy and the Haemostatic System; Introductory Remarks
Authors: Donati Maria Benedetta 
Published: May 2019

The haemostatic system, with the complexity of its various components, comprises a number of activities which may play a role in tumor growth and metastasis formation. In particular, the ability of some cancer and/or leukemic cells to adhere to and cross the vascular endothelium, to induce platelet aggregation, to release procoagulant and/or fibrinolytic activities, to adhere to polymerizing fibrin and other substrates (such as collagen) could influence their invasive potential. In vitro observations on such properties of cancer and/or transformed cells have received over the past 20 years, some experimental in vivo support, although indirect. Treatment with drugs active on the haemostatic system has proved effective in reducing metastatic growth in some instances. However, both the suitability of the models used and the mode of action of the drugs employed have been
questioned. As a paradigmatic example, the mechanism where by warfarin reduces metastasis formation in a number of experimental models is still a matter of discussion. Finally the shift from experimental work to possible clinical application presents a number of difficultures. Nevertheless, some preliminary information is available which could orient future efforts in this puzzling field.Supported by CNR (Italy) and NIH, NCI (USA).
Plasminogen Activator Released from malignant Tumours
Authors: Åstedt B. 
Published: May 2019

Urokinase-1ike plasminogen activators are released from carcinomas in vitro and in vivo. In organ or cell culture of ovarian carcinoma three forms of plasminogen activators with molecular weights of about 90,000, 54,000 and 31,000 daltons are released with mainly the high molecular weight forms in early cultures and low mol ecu lar weight forms in late cultures. They are inactivated by diisopropylfluoronhosphate and resemble urokinase in respect of active site and Immunologic determinants. Eased on the cross-reaction between urokinase and tumour plasminogen activator a radio immunoassay was devised using urokinase of 50,000 daltons and monn-specific antiserum against this fraction, and applied for determination tumour plasminogen activator.Tumour activator and urokinase are neutralized by the naturally occurring inhibitors alpha2-antiplasmin, alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha2-macroglobulin. An inhibitor derived from placenta inhibits the tumour plasminogen activator and urokinase, but not the tissue plasminogen activator.
Activation of Normal and Abnormal (Genetic Variant) Human Factor IX
Authors: Bertina R.M. , Linden I.K. van der 
Published: May 2019

Isolated human factor IX (single chainjjMW 63,000) has been activated in three ways;a) in the presence of factor XIa and Ca2+ active 2-chain factor IXa (MW 47,000; MWHC 27,500) is formed via an inactive 2-ehain intermediate (MW 63,000, MWHC 44,500);b) in the presence of thromboplastin, factor VII and Ca2+ essentially the same sequence of reactions takes place as sub a;c) in the presence of RVV-X active 2-chain factor IXa (MW 63,000; MWHC 30,0001 is formed The dependance of these three reactions on the Caconcentration has seen studied.A genetic variant of factor IX was found that like PIVKA IX can be separated from normal factor IX by electropheresis in the presence of Ca. Again like PIVKA IX this variant shows a strongly reduced affinity for binding to Al(OH)3. These findings suggested an abnormality in the Cabinding properties of this variant.The activation of the isolated variant factor IX by the foremen!ioned activators will be compared with that of normal factor IX.
Snake Venoms and Haemostasis: Suggested Mechanisms of Their Action In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Talalak Phumara , Marsh N.A. , Gaffney P.J. 
Published: May 2019

Details of the in vitro mode of action of the thrombin-like enzymes from four species are described, with emphasis on their ability to release fibrinopeptides A and B from fibrinogen and their activation of Factor XIII, thus promoting fibrin crosslinking. It was found that Bitis gabonica venom removed both A and B peptides from fibrinogen and thus may be considered most similar to thrombin; this venom also causes the activation of Factor XIII, as does thrombin; Trimeresurus erythrusus and T.popeorum venoms released only fibrinopeptide A, as does Agkistrodon rhodostoma and Bothrops atrox. The partly purified procoagulant fractions used in these studies activated Factor XIII in the following ascending order: A.rhodostoma, B.atrox, T.erythrusus and T.popeorum.Classification of fibrinogen and its fragments during controlled infusion of Ancrod indicated that the lysis of soluble, non-crosslinked fibrin polymers by plasmin was the mechanism of defibrination following the introduction of a DIC-like syndrome. Crotalus atrox venom dramatically defibrinated and affected a wide variety of clotting parameters during snake bite. A mechanism explaining the DIC-like defibrination syndrome associated with snake bite is presented.
Changes in Fibrinmonomer and Fibrin Structure in Patients with Renal Failure
Authors: Klingemann H.-G , Egbring R. , Kaffarnik H. 
Published: May 2019

Procedure: 54 patients subdivided in 3 groups were investigated: 1) 10 patients with acute renal failure. 2) 36 patients with chronic renal failure (serum Creatinin >5mg%). 3) 8 patients before and one hour after hemodialysis.Fibrinmonomer and fibrin structure were studied by SDS-polyacrylamidgele-lectrophoresis according to Weber and Osborne. In addition factor XIII activity was determined immunologically according to the method of Bohn and Haupt.
Results: 1)Patients with acute renal failure showed a defective structure of fibrin with loss of polymerisation of the α-ehains but normal γ -dimers. In these patients factor XIII activity was lower than 60%. 2) In 21 out of 36 patients with chronic renal failure, fibrin polymerisation was incomplete though no factor XIII deficiency could be determined. 3) The changes in fibrin polymerisation could be demonstrated before as well as after hemodialysis.
Conclusions: 1)In acute renal failure, factor XIII deficiency induces an incomplete α-chain polymerisation of fibrin. 2) In chronic renal failure, the deficient α-chain polymerisation may be caused by an inhibitor which is not dialysable.
Comparison of One Stage and Two Stage Factor VIII Activity Assays in Healthy and Sick Subjects
Authors: Hathaway W.E. , Montgomery R.R. 
Published: May 2019

For the past several years, factor VIII assays have been performed on the same sample of plasma by the partial thromboplastin time method (PTT-VIII) and the thromboplastin generation time method (TGT-VIII) in a variety of clinical conditions. Mean (range) values for representative subject groups are given.The methods compare well in inflammatory and metabolic diseases like diabetes and nephrosis. However, higher PTT-VIII values are seen in vasculitis, sickle cell disease, the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, thrombosis, and DIC. Lower values for VIII activity were seen by VIII-TGT in a group of vWd variant patients. Obligate carriers of hemophilia were best detected by the VIII-PTT. Lower than expected values for factor VIII were demonstrated in Intensively transfused hemophiliacs by the VIII-PTT. These studies indicate that the level of factor VIII procoagulant activity is significantly different in many clinical situations depending upon the method of measurement.
Effects of Hormonal Contraception on Hemostatic and Lipidic Profiles
Authors: Masure R. , Hurlet A. , Haes E. , Gillard F. , Col-DeBeys C. , Moriau M. , Meyer C. , DuboisPèlerin F. , Vekemans M. 
Published: May 2019

Haemostatic and lipid parameters were determined for groups of women treated for at least 3 years with different types of hormonal contraception (HO, and compared to data of matched control groups without contraception and with IUD. A group of women starting HC were examined before HC, and after I cycle, 3 cycles and 1 year of HC.Slight increases of factor VII and thrombotest were observed immediately with all HC. Cold activation of thrombotest was observed with much higher frequency and at higher levels in HC groups than in controls. Decrease of antithrombin III was most markedly observed with the immunological assay, and occurred progressively throughout the first year of treatment. Fibrinolytic activity was affected differently by progestagen which fnc eased euglobulin lysis time, and by combined HC which shortened it. Plasminogen activator values confirmed these results. Response to local anoxia was not significantly modified. Significant increases of total lipids and phospholipidsand a slight increase of chblesterol occurred progressively during the first year of HC.As these modifications are possibly involved in thrombotic accidents in predisposed or high-risk women, and are more likely to occur during the initial period of He, closer supervision remains advisable during this period.
Factors Increasing red Blood Cell Aggregation in Men with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Boss N. , Bruder W. , Bierner M. , Koenig - Erich S. , Fleck E. , Ruhenstroth-Bauer G. 
Published: May 2019

Red blood cell aggregation value (AW) was found to be of good diagnostic value ror coronary artery disease. Causes of increased aggregation value were investigated by means of protein analytical methods and standard laboratory techniques in 41 men with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Best correlation coefficients were found between the red blood cell aggregation value and IgG, precipitable by 25g/1 polyethyleneglycol 6000 (r = 0.536; 2P ≤ 0.001). In coronary artery disease patients with no previous myocardial infarction (N=15) polyethyleneglycol precipitable IgM was found to correlate best with red blood cell aggregation (r = 0.707; 2P ≤ ! 0.01 ). In contrast to these results, patients without coronary stenosis demonstrated no significant correlation between the red blood cell aggregation value and the latter factorsThese results indicate a possible link between coronary artery disease, immune complexes and red blood cell aggregation. Platelet aggregation, as well as the coagulation system may also be influenced by these possibly specific immune complexes.
Changes in the Plasma Level of Heparin and Coagulation Factors During the Postoperative Prophylaxis with Heparin and Heparin-Dihydroergotamin.
Authors: Popov-Cenic S. , Schander K. , Etzel F. 
Published: May 2019

In a randomised prospective study a homogenous total of 70 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy is subdivided in 7 different groups with the following treatment schadules: A. no postoperative prophylaxis of thromboembolism, B. every 12 hrs 0.5 mg dihydroergotamin (DHE), C. every 12 hrs 2500 I.U . Na-heparin +DHE, D. every 12 hrs 5000 I.U. heparin, E. every 12 hrs 5000 I.U. heparin + DHE, F. every 8 hrs 5000 I.U: heparin, G. every 8 hours 5000 I.U. heparin + DHE.The following parameters are examined pre- and postoperatively as well as on the first, second and seventh postoperative day prior to and 3 hrs after the respective treatments: plasma-levels of heparin, anti Xa and antithrombin III with chromogenous substrate 2160 and 2222, PTT and plasma thrombin time as well as the factors of the coagulation and fibrinolytic system.The preliminary data indicate that under the combined administration of heparin plus dihydroergotamin heparin levels rise further and PTT is more prolonged as compared to heparin prophylaxis alone.