bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimeric, Two‐Dimensional and Metal‐Centered Rectangular Heterometallic CuII–AgI/CdII/BaII Systems Derived from a Single Compartmental Ligand
Authors: Mandal Shuvankar , Hari Nairita , Mondal Suraj , Mohanta Sasankasekhar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe present study deals with one dimer‐of‐dinuclear type compound, [{CuIILAgI(NO3)}2] (1), one pentametallic and metal‐centered rectangle type compound, [BaII(CuIIL)4](ClO4)2 (2), and one dinuclear based two‐dimensional coordination polymer, [CuIILCdII(μ1,5‐dicyanamide)2]n (3), where H2L=N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐1,4‐butanediamine. The syntheses and crystal structures of 1–3, electrospray ionization mass spectra in positive mode of 1 and 2 and variable‐temperature magnetic properties of 2, are described. Two symmetry related diphenoxo‐bridged dinuclear CuIIAgI moieties are interlinked in 1 by Ag–π (η2‐) bonds to form dimer‐of‐dinuclear type structure. One diphenoxo‐bridged dinuclear CuIICdII moiety is interlinked with four symmetry related dinuclear moieties by four μ1,5‐dicyanamide ligands, which link CdII centers, to generate two‐dimensional polymeric structure in 3. In the [BaII(CuIIL)4]2+ cation in 2, the BaII ion is coordinated to two μ‐phenoxo oxygen atoms of each of the four [CuIIL] fragments; the four copper(II) ions are positioned to form an approximate rectangle, i. e., the pentametallic [BaII(CuIIL)4]2+ cation in 2 is a metal‐centered rectangle. ESI‐MS positive of 1 and 2 have been recorded and the ions in the spectra have been reasonably assigned. Variable‐temperature magnetic studies of 2 reveal very weak antiferromagnetic interaction (J=–0.14 cm–1) between the copper(II) ions. The structure of 2 represents a new type among compounds from related ligands.
Selective Synthesis of Botryococcene Pentaepoxide ‐ The Chemical Modifications of the Algal Biomass Oil
Authors: Kawashima Hidehisa , Kijima Masashi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA biomass oil, botryococcene ((E)‐2,3,7,10,13,16,20,21‐octamethyl‐6,17‐dimethylene‐10‐vinyldocosa‐1,11,21‐triene), produced from microalga “Botryococcus braunii” was epoxidized by Prilezaev reaction using excess amount of m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid under mild conditions for the purpose of applicative derivatizations of the oil. The oil underwent epoxidations at the C2,6,17,21‐positioned four vinylidenes and C11‐12 vinylene site‐selectively except the electronically inactive C10‐vinyl, giving the botryococcene pentaepoxide in high yield.
Microwave‐Assisted, One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 6‐(Pyrrolyl) Coumarin/Quinolone Derivatives Catalyzed by In(III) Chloride
Authors: Das Arijit , Roy Hiren , Ansary Inul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA series of 6‐(pyrrolyl) coumarin/quinolone derivatives have been synthesized in moderate to good yields (53‐79%) via one‐pot three‐component reactions of 6‐amino coumarin/quinolones, β‐nitrostyrenes and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates catalyzed by indium(III) chloride under microwave heating conditions.
The Kinetics of β‐Hematin Crystallization Measured by Depolarized Light Scattering
Authors: Rifaie‐Graham Omar , Hua Xiao , Bruns Nico , Balog Sandor 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMalaria is caused by Plasmodium sp. parasites transmitted by infected female Anopheles sp. mosquitoes. The survival of the parasites in the host relies on detoxifying free heme by biocrystallization into insoluble crystals called hemozoin. This mechanism of self‐preservation is targeted by a certain class of antimalarial drugs, which are screened and selected based on their capacity to inhibit the formation of hemozoin crystals. Therefore, experimental techniques capable of accurately characterizing the kinetics of crystal formation are valuable. Relying on the optical anisotropy of hemozoin, the kinetics of β‐hematin crystal formation through the statistical analysis of photon counts of dynamic depolarized light scattering (DDLS), in the absence and presence of an antimalarial drug (chloroquine, CQ), is described. It is found that CQ has an impact on both the nucleation and growth of the crystals.
Ultrathin MXene Nanosheets Decorated with TiO2 Quantum Dots as an Efficient Sulfur Host toward Fast and Stable Li–S Batteries
Authors: Gao Xiao‐Tian , Xie Ying , Zhu Xiao‐Dong , Sun Ke‐Ning , Xie Xu‐Ming , Liu Yi‐Tao , Yu Jian‐Yong , Ding Bin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBeing conductive and flexible, 2D transition metal nitrides and carbides (MXenes) can serve in Li–S batteries as sulfur hosts to increase the conductivity and alleviate the volume expansion. However, the surface functional groups, such as OH and F, weaken the ability of bare MXenes in the chemisorption of polysulfides. Besides, they create numerous hydrogen bonds which make MXenes liable to restack, resulting in substantial loss of active area and, thus, inaccessibility of ions and electrolyte. Herein, a facile, one‐step strategy is developed for the growth of TiO2 quantum dots (QDs) on ultrathin MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide‐assisted solvothermal synthesis. These QDs act as spacers to isolate the MXene nanosheets from restacking, and preserve their 2D geometry which guarantees larger electrode–electrolyte contact area and higher sulfur loading. The stronger adsorption energy of polysulfides with TiO2 (than with Ti3C2Tx), as proven by density functional theory calculations, is essential for better on‐site polysulfide retention. The ultrathin nature and protected conductivity ensure rapid ion and electron diffusion, and the excellent flexibility maintains high mechanical integrity. In result, the TiO2 QDs@MXene/S cathode exhibits significantly improved long‐term cyclability and rate capability, disclosing a new opportunity toward fast and stable Li–S batteries.
Exploring Sodium‐Ion Storage Mechanism in Hard Carbons with Different Microstructure Prepared by Ball‐Milling Method
Authors: Lu Haiyan , Ai Fangxing , Jia Yanlong , Tang Chunyan , Zhang Xinhe , Huang Yunhui , Yang Hanxi , Cao Yuliang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHard carbon is considered as one of the most promising anodes in sodium‐ion batteries due to its high capacity, low cost, and abundant resources. However, the available capacity and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) limits the practical application of hard carbon anode. This issue results from the unclear understanding of the Na+ storage mechanism in hard carbon. In this work, a series of hard carbons with different microstructures are synthesized through an “up to down” approach by using a simple ball‐milling method to illustrate the sodium‐ion storage mechanism. The results demonstrate that ball‐milled hard carbon with more defects and smaller microcrystalline size shows less low‐potential‐plateau capacity and lower ICE, which provides further evidence to the “adsorption–insertion” mechanism. This work might give a new perspective to design hard carbon material with a proper structure for efficient sodium‐ion storage to develop high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries.
Chronic Pain, Quality of Life and Functional Impairment After Emergency Laparotomy
Authors: Tolstrup Mai‐Britt , Thorup Tine , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundEmergency laparotomy is a high‐risk procedure with increased morbidity and mortality rates. The long‐term outcomes are poorly investigated.The aim was to describe the frequency of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP), pain‐related functional impairment, to evaluate the gastrointestinal quality of life (QoL) and identify risk factors for CPSP after emergency laparotomy.MethodA questionnaire study was conducted from Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev. Population area: 435.000. Patients undergoing emergency midline laparotomy from May 2009–May 2013 and June 2014–November 2015 were included. The survey consisted of five parts exploring the extent of acute and chronic postsurgical pain. Pain‐related functional impairment and quality of life were measured using the activity assessment scale and the gastrointestinal quality of life questionnaire, respectively. Primary outcomes were rates of CPSP and pain‐related functional impairment. Gastrointestinal QoL was compared between patients with or without CPSP. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to estimate risk factors for CPSP.ResultsThe primary emergency laparotomy population consisted of 1573 patients. A total of 605 patients were eligible for inclusion, and 440 patients completed the survey. Response rate: 73%. Median age was 69 years (range 18–95), 56.4% female. Median follow‐up was 60 months (IQR 47). 19% (85/440) experienced CPSP and had low gastrointestinal QoL. We identified APSP OR 5.0 95%CI (2.4–10.5), p < 0.01 and age < 60 OR 2.1 95%CI (1.2–3.8), p = 0.01 as independent risk factors for CPSP. 45% (199/440) of all patients experienced moderate–severe functional impairment.ConclusionCPSP (19%) and low gastrointestinal QoL were common after emergency laparotomy and almost every second patient had moderate–severe functional impairment on long‐term follow‐up.
Ion microprobe–measured stable isotope evidence for ammonite habitat and life mode during early ontogeny
Authors: Linzmeier Benjamin J. , Landman Neil H. , Peters Shanan E. , Kozdon Reinhard , Kitajima Kouki , Valley John W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAmmonites have disparate adult morphologies indicative of diverse ecological niches, but ammonite hatchlings are small (~1 mm diameter), which raises questions about the similarity of egg incubation and hatchling life mode in ammonites. ModernNautilusis sometimes used as a model organism for understanding ammonites, but despite their outward similarities, the groups are only distantly related. Trends in ammonite diversity and extinction vulnerability in the fossil record contrast starkly with those of nautilids, and embryonic shells from Late Cretaceous ammonites are two orders of magnitude smaller than nautilid embryonic shells. To investigate possible environmental changes experienced by ammonite hatchlings, we used secondary ion mass spectrometry to analyze the oxygen and carbon isotope composition of the embryonic shells and early postembryonic whorls of five juveniles ofHoploscaphites comprimusobtained from a single concretion in the Fox Hills Formation of South Dakota. Co-occurring bivalves and diagenetic calcite were also analyzed to provide a benthic baseline for comparison. The oxygen isotope ratios of embryonic shells are more like those of benthic bivalves, suggesting that ammonite eggs were laid on the bottom. Ammonite shell immediately after hatching has more negative δ18O, suggesting movement to more shallow water that is potentially warmer and/or fresher. After approximately one whorl of postembryonic growth, the values of δ18O become more positive in three of the five individuals, suggesting that these animals transitioned to a more demersal mode of life. Two other individuals transition to even lower δ18O values that could suggest movement to nearshore brackish water. These data suggest that ammonites, like many modern coleoids, may have spawned at different times of the year. Because scaphites were one of the short-term Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction survivors, it is possible that this characteristic allowed them to develop a broader geographic range and, consequently, a greater resistance to extinction.
Linking emotional reactivity “for better and for worse” to differential susceptibility to parenting among kindergartners
Authors: Slagt Meike , Dubas Judith Semon , Ellis Bruce J. , van Aken Marcel A. G. , Deković Maja 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study used a combination of microlevel observation data and longitudinal questionnaire data to study the relationship between differential reactivity and differential susceptibility, guided by three questions: (a) Does a subset of children exist that is both more likely to respond with increasingly negative emotions to increasingly negative emotions of mothers and with increasingly positive emotions to increasingly positive emotions of mothers (“emotional reactivity”)? (b) Is emotional reactivity associated with temperament markers and rearing environment? (c) Are children who show high emotional reactivity “for better and for worse” also more susceptible to parenting predicting child behavior across a year? A total of 144 Dutch children (45.3% girls) aged four to six participated. Latent profile analyses revealed a group of average reactive children (87%) and a group that was emotionally reactive “for better and for worse” (13%). Highly reactive children scored higher on surgency and received lower levels of negative parenting. Finally, associations of negative and positive parenting with externalizing and prosocial behavior were similar (and nonsignificant) for highly reactive children and average reactive children. The findings suggest that children who are emotionally reactive “for better and for worse” within parent-child interactions are not necessarily more susceptible to parenting on a developmental time scale.
Efficacy of catheter interventions in the early and very early postoperative period after CHD operation
Authors: Kojima Takuro , Imamura Tomohiko , Osada Yousuke , Muraji Shouta , Nakano Marie , Oyanagi Takayuki , Yoshiba Shigeki , Kobayashi Toshiki , Sumitomo Naokata 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundCatheter interventions for residual lesions in the early postoperative period after CHD operations are still not established as a reliable treatment option.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our institutional experience of cardiac catheterisations and catheter interventions performed in the early postoperative period. We classified our patients into two groups. The “hyper” acute phase group – operation to cardiac catheterisation of ⩽7 days – and acute phase group – operation to cardiac catheterisation from 7 to 30 days.ResultsOf the 47 patients, catheter interventions were performed in 38 patients (81%). The success rate of the intervention was 96% in the acute phase group and 90% in the “hyper” acute phase group. The overall success rate was 95%. There were two self-limited complications in the acute phase group, but not in the “hyper” acute phase group. There were four cases of catheter interventions performed for a newly reconstructed aortic arch, and those procedures were also safe and effective.ConclusionsCardiac catheterisations and catheter interventions were safe and effective not only in the early postoperative period but also in the very early postoperative period. Catheter interventions for the left-sided heart in the early postoperative period were also safe and effective.
Distribution of Lignin, Hemicellulose, and Arabinogalactan Protein in Hemp Phloem Fibers
Authors: Kiyoto Shingo , Yoshinaga Arata , Fernandez-Tendero Eva , Day Arnaud , Chabbert Brigitte , Takabe Keiji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe distribution of lignin, 8-5′ and 8-8′ linked lignin substructure, and noncellulosic polysaccharides in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) phloem fibers were explored based on histochemical and immunological methods. Ultraviolet absorption and potassium permanganate staining were observed mainly in the compound middle lamella (CML) and S1 layers, and rarely in the G-layer of phloem fibers, suggesting that lignin concentration is high at the CML and S1 layers, and very low at the G-layer of hemp fibers. Acriflavine staining, uniform KM1 labeling (8-5′ linked lignin substructure), and no KM2 labeling (8-8′ linked structure) were observed in the G-layer, suggesting that there is a small amount of lignin-like compound with 8-5′ linked structure in the G-layer. In addition, some fiber cells showed a multilayered structure. Uniform arabinogalactan protein (AGP) labeling was observed on the S1 layers and G-layers using JIM14, but little appeared in the CML of hemp fibers, indicating that these layers of the phloem fibers contain AGP. Immunogold labeling of xylan (LM11) and glucomannan (LM21) showed that xylan and glucomannan were mainly present in the S1 layers and the G-layers, respectively. In some phloem fibers, LM21 immunofluorescence labeling showed multilayered structure, suggesting the heterogeneous distribution of glucomannan.
Advances in the Evaluation of Cloud Seeding: Statistical Evidence for the Enhancement of Precipitation
Authors: Wu Xianghua , Yan Ni , Yu Huaying , Niu Shengjie , Meng Fangxiu , Liu Weiqi , Sun Haiyan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCloud seeding has been actively carried out across the globe in the past several decades due to the uneven spatial‐temporal distribution of precipitation. The catalytic effects of artificial precipitation enhancement experiments and operations caused widely academic debates in atmospheric physics. Both atmospheric physicists and statisticians have made much effort for exploratory and confirmatory studies on scientific evaluation of cloud seeding. Recent progresses and critical problems on how to evaluate cloud seeding and acquire statistical evidence for the enhancement of precipitation, including the design of statistical tests, the selection of target indicators and covariates, the evaluation of statistical methods, and the outlook of cloud seeding evaluation, are reviewed. We describe important issues, aiming to reduce systematic errors and uncertainties in statistical tests as well as increase the level of quantitative sounding and evaluation. First, a regularized set of design and operation in the steps should be established to optimize techniques of cloud seeding. Second, the latest achievements in atmospheric physics, physical sounding, and statistics need to be introduced to help improve the correctness and scientificity. Third, middle‐ and long‐term special research projects are expected to investigate the influence of ideal hypotheses of seeding schemes, statistical test plans, and statistical methods. These demands can update our knowledge and technology of weather modification and increase the cooperation of multidiscipline, such as logical integration of statistical tests, physical analysis, and numerical modeling.
A Thermomechanical Framework for Analysis of Microstructural Evolution: Application to Olivine Rocks at High Temperature
Authors: Holtzman B. K. , Chrysochoos A. , Daridon L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicrostructural evolution governs transient creep processes in the Earth at high temperature, on time scales from seconds to millions of years. Many experimental constraints and empirical models have been developed for discrete pieces of this problem, including flow laws and kinetic models for grain growth and dislocation recovery. We incorporate these models into a thermodynamic framework to develop a constitutive model for transient creep. The framework employed here is a branch of nonlinear thermodynamics of irreversible processes called the generalized standard materials formalism developed in solid mechanics over the last 40 years but minimally applied to geophysical problems. The generalized standard materials formalism is designed to incorporate a broad range of nonlinearity and coupling in the constitutive equations. To describe dynamic recrystallization, the model is constructed such that information propagates upward in length scale: [dislocation density
subgrain size
grain size], with each property evolving more slowly than the one below. We demonstrate that (1) the grain size‐stress piezometer may contain temperature dependence below a threshold in stress, (2) the microstructural evolution is strongly temperature dependent and thus dependent on thermal boundary conditions, and (3) the fraction of mechanical work done to the system that is diverted to changing the microstructure is not a constant but is at least a function of stress, temperature, dislocation density, and grain size. This kind of thermodynamically constrained analysis can be applied to torsional deformation experiments to extract further constraints on the subprocesses of microstructural evolution and transient creep.
Alleviated Double ITCZ Problem in the NCAR CESM1: A New Cloud Scheme and the Working Mechanisms
Authors: Qin Yi , Lin Yanluan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSimulation of tropical precipitation in global climate models remains a challenge, in which double Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bias is a prominent manifest. Compared with the original cloud scheme, a new diagnostic statistical cloud macrophysics scheme alleviates the spurious southern ITCZ bias associated with warm sea surface temperature (SST) bias over the central Pacific in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1). Owing to the reduced net surface shortwave radiation associated with the increased low cloud fraction and liquid water path over the southeastern Pacific Ocean, the new scheme reduced local SST and further suppressed convection and precipitation. Stronger Walker circulation and enhanced tropical easterlies lead to increased tropical ocean zonal currents, which further lead to reduced SST in the central Pacific due to increased oceanic cold advection. As a result, over the central Pacific, SST cooling suppresses precipitation and alleviates the double ITCZ bias. The study suggests that low clouds over subtropical eastern ocean regions can impact tropical circulation and precipitation via a strong coupling with SST and ocean dynamics.
Adverse Events and Acute Chronic Liver Failure in Patients With Cirrhosis Undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Multicenter Matched-Cohort Study
Authors: Leal Carles , Prado Veronica , Colan Juan , Chavez-Rivera Karina , Sendino Oriol , Blasi Anabel , Roura Pere , Juanola Adria , Rodriguez de Miguel Cristina , Pavesi Marco , Gomez Cristina , Guarner Carlos , Guarner-Argente Carlos , Fernández Javier , Cardenas Andres 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
Data on the outcome of adverse events (AEs) and the risk of developing acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) after ERCP in patients with cirrhosis are unknown. We examined the incidence and risk factors of post-ERCP AEs in patients with cirrhosis and the appearance of ACLF after ERCP.

METHODS:
In this multicenter, retrospective, matched-cohort study, we evaluated ERCPs performed from January 2002 to 2015. A group of patients with cirrhosis with non-ERCP interventions and one without interventions was also analyzed for the development of ACLF.

RESULTS:
A total of 441 ERCPs were analyzed; 158 in patients with cirrhosis (cases) and 283 in patients without cirrhosis (controls). The overall rate of AEs after all ERCPs was significantly higher in cases compared to controls (17% vs 9.5, p = 0.02). Cholangitis developed more in cases compared to controls (6.3% vs 1.8%; p = 0.01). In a subanalysis of those with sphincterotomy, the rate of bleeding was higher in those with cirrhosis (9.4% vs 3.4%; p = 0.03). Logistic regression identified cirrhosis (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.36–4.53; p = 0.003) and sphincterotomy (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.23–5.72; p = 0.01) as risk factors of AEs. A total of 18/158 (11.4%) cases developed ACLF after ERCP. ACLF occurred in 7/27 cases with post-ERCP AEs and in 11/131 without post-ERCP AEs (25.9% vs 8.3%; p = 0.01). A total of 3.2% (13/406) patients without interventions developed ACLF compared to 17.5% (102/580) who developed ACLF after non-ERCP interventions. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis at ERCP had a higher risk of developing ACLF (17% vs 6.8%; p = 0.04). Patients with a MELD score ≥ 15 were 3.1 times more likely (95% CI: 1.14–8.6; p = 0.027) to develop ACLF after ERCP.

CONCLUSIONS:
The rate of AEs after ERCP is higher in patients with cirrhosis compared to the non-cirrhotic population. The incidence of ACLF is higher in those with AEs after ERCP compared to those without AEs, especially cholangitis. The development of ACLF is common after ERCP and other invasive procedures. ACLF can be precipitated by numerous factors which include preceding events before the procedure, including manipulation of the bile duct, and AEs after an ERCP.