bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of forest maturity in extreme hydrological events
Authors: Belmar Oscar , Barquín José , Álvarez‐Martínez Jose Manuel , Peñas Francisco J. , Del Jesus Manuel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study aims to clarify the influence of forests, as well as other prevalent land cover types, on extreme hydrological events through a land cover gradient design. We selected 10 catchments within a gradient of forest land cover, in which there were 15 years of simultaneous daily hydrological and meteorological data, and an additional forest descriptor, forest maturity. The study was developed in a heterogeneous region in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain). This area includes different vegetation types and has a long history of human disturbance and land use change that has produced a gradient in forest cover. This study focuses on regular hydrological extremes: regular floods and low flow events. Specific objectives were to observe the relationship between land cover and extreme hydrological events, once the variance explained by precipitation was removed, and compare the effectiveness of forest coverage and maturity to predict them. Partial correlations and ordinary least square regressions were developed using hydrological indices, obtained from flow records, and hydrological parameters calculated through modelling, using the Identification of unit Hydrographs And Component flows from Rainfall, Evaporation and Streamflow data (IHACRES) software and hydrometeorological data. Land cover characteristics were better able to predict floods than low flows. Forests were associated with less extreme flow events (lower intensity and frequency of floods and greater base flows), whereas shrub formations did the opposite. These results were more evident using forest maturity than using forest coverage. This study indicates that hydrological modelling may benefit in the future from considering not only the coverage of different land cover types but also the conservation status of the different vegetation formations.
Multi‐omics approach to elucidate the gut microbiota activity: Metaproteomics and metagenomics connection
Authors: Guirro Maria , Costa Andrea , Gual‐Grau Andreu , Mayneris‐Perxachs Jordi , Torrell Helena , Herrero Pol , Canela Núria , Arola Lluís 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOver the last few years, the application of high‐throughput meta‐omics methods has provided great progress in improving the knowledge of the gut ecosystem and linking its biodiversity to host health conditions, offering complementary support to classical microbiology. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in relevant diseases such as obesity or cardiovascular disease (CVD), and its regulation is closely influenced by several factors, such as dietary composition. In fact, polyphenol‐rich diets are the most palatable treatment to prevent hypertension associated with CVD, although the polyphenol–microbiota interactions have not been completely elucidated. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate microbiota effect in obese rats supplemented by hesperidin, after being fed with cafeteria or standard diet, using a multi meta‐omics approaches combining strategy of metagenomics and metaproteomics analysis. We reported that cafeteria diet induces obesity, resulting in changes in the microbiota composition, which are related to functional alterations at proteome level. In addition, hesperidin supplementation alters microbiota diversity and also proteins involved in important metabolic pathways. Overall, going deeper into strategies to integrate omics sciences is necessary to understand the complex relationships between the host, gut microbiota, and diet.
Determination of 16 antineoplastic drugs by capillary electrophoresis with UV detection: Applications in quality control
Authors: Guichard Nicolas , Ogereau Marie , Falaschi Ludivine , Rudaz Serge , Schappler Julie , Bonnabry Pascal , Fleury‐Souverain Sandrine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods were developed for the analysis of 16 antineoplastic drugs contained in injectable pharmaceutical formulations. A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method coupled to UV was developed with a background electrolyte (BGE) made of a 100 mM phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 containing 50% v/v of acetonitrile and dynamic coating of capillaries with Ceofix®. This method allowed the analysis of doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, daunorubicin, irinotecan, topotecan, vincristine, vindesine, vinblastine, and vinorelbine in less than 8 min. A micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method coupled to UV was also developed for the determination of methotrexate, pemetrexed, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, fludarabine phosphate, and 5‐fluorouracil. A run time of 16 min was obtained with a BGE made of 50 mM borate buffer at pH 9.2 with 80 mM of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 20% v/v of acetonitrile. For both methods, the applied voltage was 30 kV and the sample injection was performed in the hydrodynamic mode. All analyses were carried out in fused silica capillaries with an internal diameter of 50 μm and a total length of 64.5 cm. Both methods were validated and trueness values between 99.4 and 101.3% were obtained with repeatability and intermediate precision values of 0.5–1.8% for all drugs. These methods were found appropriate for controlling injectable pharmaceutical formulations containing antineoplastic drugs and successfully applied in quality control.
Operational Conditions Affecting Formaldehyde and Formic Acid Formation as By‐Products of Hydrogen Production via Photo‐Reforming of Methanol Using Nanoparticles of TiO2
Authors: Varas‐Concha Felipe , Guzmán Diego , Isaacs Mauricio , Sáez‐Navarrete César 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt is important to understand how the operational conditions affect the photocatalytic hydrogen production and how to increase the production of valuable by‐products, such as formaldehyde and formic acid from the photo‐reforming of methanol. It is difficult to optimize operational conditions in photoreactors because several factors affect the process. To prioritize them, we focused on the quantification of the effect of four factors on CH2O and CH2O2 production: (A) presence of gold as co‐catalyst, (B) intensity of UV‐light, (C) methanol concentration, and (D) nanoparticle concentration. A main and interaction effects analysis is presented with fixed effect models for four responses: total production and catalyst productivity for both by‐products. Factor A showed the highest effect, followed by factors B and C, and the interactions AB and AC showed signs of influencing the catalyst selectivity with possible mechanistic variations. Factor D showed negative effect on catalyst productivities possibly related to shielding effect between particles.
Genetic relatedness of axial and radial diffusivity indices of cerebral white matter microstructure in late middle age
Authors: Hatton Sean N. , Panizzon Matthew S. , Vuoksimaa Eero , Hagler Donald J. , Fennema‐Notestine Christine , Rinker Daniel , Eyler Lisa T. , Franz Carol E. , Lyons Michael J. , Neale Michael C. , Tsuang Ming T. , Dale Anders M. , Kremen William S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo basic neuroimaging‐based characterizations of white matter tracts are the magnitude of water diffusion along the principal tract orientation (axial diffusivity, AD) and water diffusion perpendicular to the principal orientation (radial diffusivity, RD). It is generally accepted that decreases in AD reflect disorganization, damage, or loss of axons, whereas increases in RD are indicative of disruptions to the myelin sheath. Previous reports have detailed the heritability of individual AD and RD measures, but have not examined the extent to which the same or different genetic or environmental factors influence these two phenotypes (except for corpus callosum). We implemented bivariate twin analyses to examine the shared and independent genetic influences on AD and RD. In the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging, 393 men (mean age = 61.8 years, SD = 2.6) underwent diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We derived fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), AD, and RD estimates for 11 major bilateral white matter tracts and the mid‐hemispheric corpus callosum, forceps major, and forceps minor. Separately, AD and RD were each highly heritable. In about three‐quarters of the tracts, genetic correlations between AD and RD were >.50 (median = .67) and showed both unique and common variance. Genetic variance of FA and MD were predominately explained by RD over AD. These findings are important for informing genetic association studies of axonal coherence/damage and myelination/demyelination. Thus, genetic studies would benefit from examining the shared and unique contributions of AD and RD.
Neural and behavioral correlates of negative self‐focused thought associated with depression
Authors: Philippi Carissa L. , Cornejo M. Daniela , Frost Carlton P. , Walsh Erin C. , Hoks Roxanne M. , Birn Rasmus , Abercrombie Heather C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA central feature of major depression (MDD) is heightened negative self‐focused thought (negative‐SFT). Neuroscientific research has identified abnormalities in a network of brain regions in MDD, including brain areas associated with SFT such as medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). To our knowledge no studies have investigated the behavioral and neural correlates of negative‐SFT using a sentence completion task in a sample of individuals with varying depression histories and severities. We test the following hypotheses: (1) negative‐SFT will be associated with depression; and (2) depression and negative‐SFT will be related to resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) for brain regions implicated in SFT. Seventy‐nine women with varying depression histories and severities completed a sentence completion task and underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). Standard seed‐based voxelwise rsFC was conducted for self‐network regions of interest: dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) and pregenual ACC (pgACC). We performed linear regression analyses to examine the relationships among depression, negative‐SFT, and rsFC for the dmPFC and pgACC. Greater negative‐SFT was associated with depression history and severity. Greater negative‐SFT predicted increased rsFC between dmPFC and pgACC seeds and dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC) and parietal regions; depression group was also associated with increased pgACC‐dlPFC connectivity. These findings are consistent with previous literature reporting elevated negative‐SFT thought in MDD. Our rs‐fMRI results provide novel support linking negative‐SFT with increased rsFC between self‐network and frontoparietal network regions across different levels of depression. Broadly, these findings highlight a dimension of social‐affective functioning that may underlie MDD and other psychiatric conditions.
Comprehensive review of genetic factors contributing to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development in low‐risk, nontraditional patients
Authors: Gingerich Morgan A. , Smith Joshua D. , Michmerhuizen Nicole L. , Ludwig Megan , Devenport Samantha , Matovina Chloe , Brenner Chad , Chinn Steven B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe past 2 decades have seen an increased incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in a nontraditional, low‐risk patient population (ie, ≤45 years of age, no substance use history), owing to a combination of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and individual genetic variation.MethodsArticles positing genetic variants as contributing factors in HNSCC incidence in low‐risk, nontraditional patients were identified using a PubMed search, reviewed in detail, and concisely summarized herein.ResultsRecent data suggest that common polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes, cell‐cycle control proteins, apoptotic pathway members, and Fanconi anemia‐associated genes likely modulate susceptibility to HNSCC development in low‐risk, nontraditional patients.ConclusionAt present, there is a lack of robust, comprehensive data on genetic drivers of oncogenesis in low‐risk patients and a clear need for further research on genetic alterations underlying the rising incidence of HNSCC in low‐risk, nontraditional patients.
Endogenous biological factors modulated by substrate stiffness regulate endothelial differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Jiang Yong‐Chao , Jiao Hong‐Li , Lee Ming‐Song , Wang To , Turng Lih‐Sheng , Li Qian , Li Wan‐Ju 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDuring the process of tissue regeneration facilitated by stem cells, physical properties of a scaffold affect behavior and activities of the cell. To enhance differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into endothelial‐like cells (ELCs), we used electrospun fibrous substrates with different stiffness to enhance the differentiation. A simple method of annealing with different lengths of treatment time was employed to modulate stiffness of electrospun fibrous substrates without changing their chemistry. We seeded MSCs on substrates with different stiffness to study how stiffness of a culture substrate affects differentiation of MSCs into ELCs. Results of RT‐PCR and western blotting revealed that stiffer substrates with the average surface modulus of 7.82 MPa induced differentiated MSCs to express more VEGF, CD31, and vWF mRNA transcripts and proteins than softer ones with that of 3.8 or 1.44 MPa. We also found that the production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in ELCs was increased with substrate stiffness. After silencing MIF mRNA, MSCs during differentiation showed lower expression levels of VEGF, CD31, and vWF than control cells whereas VEGF‐silenced and control cells expressed comparable levels of MIF, indicating that MIF is an upstream molecule regulating VEGF in the mechanism. Our findings provide new insight into how stiffness of a culture substrate regulates differentiation of MSCs into ELCs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1595–1603, 2018.
Gold nano‐decorated aligned polyurethane nanofibers for enhancement of neurite outgrowth and elongation
Authors: Demir Ulku Selcen , Shahbazi Reza , Calamak Semih , Ozturk Sukru , Gultekinoglu Merve , Ulubayram Kezban 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNeurite outgrowth and elongation of neural cells is the most important subject that is considered in nerve tissue engineering. In this regard, aligned nanofibers have taken much attention in terms of providing guidance for newly outgrown neurites. The main objective of this study was to fabricate aligned polyurethane nanofibers by electrospinning process and decorate them with gold nanoparticles to further investigate the synergistic effects of nanotopography, biological nerve growth factor (NGF) and electrical stimulations on neurite outgrowth and elongation of pheochromocytoma (PC‐12) model cells. In this regard, smooth and uniform aligned polyurethane nanofibers with the average diameter of 519 ± 56 nm were fabricated and decorated with the gold nanoparticles with the average diameter of ∼50 nm. PC‐12 cells were cultured on the various nanofiber surfaces inside the bio‐mimetic bioreactor system and exposed either to NGF alone or combination of NGF and electrical stimulation. It was found that 50 ng/mL NGF concentration is an optimal value for the stimulation of neurite outgrowth. After 4 days of culture under 100 mV, 10 ms electrical stimulation in 1 h/day period it was found that the gold nanoparticle decorated aligned polyurethane nanofibers increased the neurite outgrowth and elongation more with the combinational NGF and electrical stimulation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1604–1613, 2018.
Osseointegration of 3D printed microalloyed CoCr implants—Addition of 0.04% Zr to CoCr does not alter bone material properties
Authors: Shah Furqan A. , Jergéus Edvin , Chiba Akihiko , Palmquist Anders 
Published: February 2018

AbstractElectron beam melting (EBM) is a three‐dimensional (3D) printing technique for the production of metal structures where complex geometries with interconnected porosities can be built. Incorporation of as little as 0.04% Zr into the CoCr alloy can significantly improve the biomechanical anchorage of constructs fabricated by EBM. Here we investigate bone material properties, including microstructure and composition, adjacent to 3D printed CoCr implants with and without addition of 0.04% Zr, after 8 weeks of healing in the rabbit femur. In low amounts, zirconium addition does not alter the microstructure and extracellular matrix composition of bone formed adjacent to the surface of EBM manufactured implants. Bone ingrowth into surface irregularities of 3D printed CoCr and CoCr + Zr implants is seen. Extensive remodeling is also evident. Osteocytes attach directly on to the implant surface. The interfacial tissue at CoCr and CoCr + Zr has similar mineral crystallinity, apatite‐to‐collagen ratio, carbonate‐to‐phosphate ratio, Ca/P ratio, bone‐implant contact, percentage porosity, and osteocyte density (N.Ot/B.Ar). Compared to the native bone, the mineral crystallinity of the interfacial tissue was lower while N.Ot/B.Ar was higher for both CoCr and CoCr + Zr. Overall, the results indicate that bone tissue adjacent to CoCr and CoCr + Zr implants is highly mature and exhibits comparable healing kinetics. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1655–1663, 2018.
The utility of the ankle SPECT/CT scan to predict functional and clinical outcomes in supramalleolar osteotomy patients
Authors: Gross Christopher E. , Barfield William , Schweizer Christine , Rasch Helmut , Hirschmann Michael T. , Hintermann Beat , Knupp Markus 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTCombined single‐photon emission computed tomography and conventional computed tomography (SPECT/CT) is a hybrid imaging modality that shows a combination of metabolic and structural information about the ankle, including arthritis. We hypothesize that uptake in specific locations within the ankle joint can be associated with both clinical outcomes and may help predict which patients will have a successful SMO. Eighty‐five pre‐operative SMO patients with varus (37), valgus (41), or neutral (7) alignment of the hindfoot were assessed using SPECT/CT. The level of activation on SPECT/CT scans was measured. Pre and Post‐operative functional scores were recorded. Patients with medial gutter activation had significantly worse (p < 0.05) AOFAS alignment (AOFAS‐A) scores pre‐operatively. Patients with varus or valgus alignment did not have any difference in VAS pain scores, but those in valgus did have worse AOFAS‐P (pain) scores. Those with cystic lesions had a worse FAOS score pre‐operatively. Ten patients (12.5%) had a treatment failure. Pre or post‐operative alignment did not correlate to a treatment failure. The only statistically significant (p = 0.036) poor prognostic indicator was a bipolar lesion. Pre‐operative SPECT/CT evaluation of an ankle before a SMO can be used to clinically correlate patient‐specific factors such as pain and function in the pre and post‐operative period. We caution against performing a SMO in patients with bipolar activation on a pre‐operative SPECT‐CT scan. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2015–2021, 2018.
Highly metastatic K7M2 cell line: A novel murine model capable of in vivo imaging via luciferase vector transfection
Authors: Grisez Brian T. , Ray Justin J. , Bostian Phillip A. , Markel Justin E. , Lindsey Brock A. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTOsteosarcoma is rare and little improvement in survival rates has occurred in the last 25 years despite modern chemotherapeutic treatment. Bioluminescent cell lines for the modeling of osteosarcoma have shown success in tracking metastases in vivo, but commonly use adenoviral vectors to transfect the native cell line with bioluminescent reporters. The purpose of this study was to develop an orthotopic model for metastatic osteosarcoma capable of in vivo monitoring of metastatic and primary tumor burden in an immunocompetent mouse and compare that model to its wild type pathogenesis. K7M2 cells were transfected using a plasmid vector and were stable after 12 weeks. Thirty‐four female BALB/c mice aged 4–5 weeks underwent orthotopic implantation of either wild type (n = 12) or transfected (n = 22) K7M2 cells in the proximal tibia. Mice were monitored for tumor growth and weekly In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) imaging was performed to monitor for pulmonary metastasis. Although tumors developed sooner in the wild type group, no significant differences were seen compared to Transfected Group 1 in rate of inoculation, growth rates after first detection, metastatic rate, and time between inoculation and death. This study establishes a new murine model for metastatic osteosarcoma using the K7M2‐wt cell line transfected with a non‐viral plasmid luciferase vector. The benefits of this preclinical model include an intact immune system and orthotopically driven metastatic disease; this model appears comparable to its wild type counterpart. In the future, the model may be used to examine promising immunomodulatory therapies using bioluminescence in vivo. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2296–2304, 2018.
The evaluation of peri‐implant sulcus fluid osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin levels in peri‐implant diseases
Authors: Cakal Oya Turkoglu , Efeoglu Candan , Bozkurt Emir 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implant mucositis is an inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding an implant. Peri‐implantitis refers to a process characterized by peri‐implant bone loss along with an inflammation of the soft tissues. Osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin proteins are related to bone remodeling. The aim of the present study was to investigate peri‐implant sulcus fluid (PISF) osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin levels in peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis.MethodsFifty‐two implants with peri‐implantitis, 46 implants with peri‐implant mucositis, and 47 control implants were included in the study. Clinical parameters including probing depth, modified sulcus bleeding index and modified plaque index were recorded. PISF osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin levels were analyzed by ELISA kits.ResultsThere were no significant differences in PISF osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin total amounts between healthy controls, peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis groups (P > 0.05). Probing depths were not correlated with PISF osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin levels in the study groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsSoft tissue inflammation around dental implants does not cause a change in osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin levels in PISF. Also, peri‐implantitis does not seem to give rise to an increase in PISF levels of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin.