bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midplate Seismicity Exterior to Former Rift-Basins
Authors: Dewey James W. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Midplate seismicity associated with some former rift-zones is distributed diffusely near, but exterior to, the rift basins. This “basin-exterior” seismicity cannot be attributed to reactivation of major basin-border faults on which upper-crustal extension was concentrated at the time of rifting, because the border faults dip beneath the basins. The seismicity may nonetheless represent reactivation of minor faults that were active at the time of rifting but that were located outside of the principal zones of upper-crustal extension; the occurrence of basin-exterior seismicity in some present-day rift-zones supports the existence of such minor basin-exterior faults. Other hypotheses for seismicity exterior to former rift-basins are that the seismicity reflects lobes of high stress due to lithospheric-bending that is centered on the axis of the rift, that the seismicity is localized on the exteriors of rift-basins by basin-interiors that are less deformable in the current epoch than the basin exteriors, and that seismicity is localized on the basin-exteriors by the concentration of tectonic stress in the highly elastic basin-exterior upper-crust. All of the hypotheses considered here appeal to the presence of a rift zone to explain the characteristics of the basin-exterior seismicity, but the hypotheses differ in their implications for the seismic risk of former rift-zones and in their implications for the causes of midplate earthquakes in general.
Temporal and Spatial Clustering of Earthquake Activity in the Central and Eastern United States
Authors: Coppersmith Kevin J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Seismic hazard assessments in the central and eastern United States (CEUS) usually rely heavily on the historical seismicity record to define the location of earthquake sources as well as the recurrence rate of these sources. Therefore, the stationarity of earthquake activity in time and space is very important to assessing the likelihood of future earthquakes at various locations. Earthquake recurrence intervals, which are on the order of hundreds to thousands of years, have been developed from paleoseismic data at New Madrid, Charleston, Charlevoix, and the Meers fault. The recurrence rates imply cumulative Quaternary displacements that are much larger than have been observed. One explanation for this discrepancy is temporal clustering of earthquake activity whereby active clusters are separated by long periods of quiescence. Available data suggest that active clusters consist of two or more earthquakes and last for longer than several hundred to a few thousand years. The spatial extent of active dusters in the CEUS is the subject of ongoing studies and preliminary data suggest that the active zone is generally in the region of the large observed earthquakes and on-going smaller magnitude seismicity. However, the historical seismic quiescence of the Meers fault, despite geologic evidence for recent activity, points to the need for geologic studies to supplement seismicity data in identifying seismic sources and evaluating their earthquake potential.
Attenuation of the LG Phase and Site Response for the Eastern Canada Telemetered Network
Authors: Atkinson Gail M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Data from the Eastern Canada Telemetered Network (ECTN) contain information concerning source characteristics, regional attenuation, and site response in eastern North America (ENA). This paper presents results of multi- variate linear regression analyses of ECTN data from the Lg phase of moderate (mN 4 to 5.5) shallow (h < 15 km) ENA earthquakes, at distances of 100 to 1200 km. The regressions are performed upon the instrument-corrected Fourier amplitudes of acceleration, for frequencies from 0.5 to 10 Hz. The analysis follows the method of Joyner and Boore (1981), employing dummy variables to determine source terms for each of the earthquakes, site terms for each of the stations, and regional attenuation.
The analyses indicate that attenuation of the Lg phase in southeastern Canada can be represented by geometric attenuation of R−1, with an associated quality factor of Q =1100f0.17, for distances up to 1200 km. The R−1 geometric attenuation is stronger than the theoretical R −0.5 spreading predicted for the Lg phase. The latter may be preferable on a theoretical basis, but the former has practical utility, and is apparently allowed by the scatter of the data.
Earthquake source spectra for events in the magnitude range 4 to 5.5 are consistent with the Brune source model, with a stress drop of approximately 100 bars. Site response terms for all ECTN rock stations are within a factor of approximately 1.5 of unity. The soil site at Welcome, Ontario amplifies high frequencies (5 to 10 Hz) by an order of magnitude.
Dispersion of Short Period Rayleigh Waves Within The Ozark Uplift and Illinois Basin
Authors: Woods Mark T. , Russell David R. , Herrmann Robert B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We use data recorded by four arrays of portable instruments to investigate the propagation of short period (0.2≤T ≤2.0 sec) surface waves within the Ozark Uplift and Illinois Basin. At the regional scale, we construct group velocity dispersion curves for five suites of propagation paths, and invert them for shear velocity structure. The best model in each case consists of a single layer above a halfspace, and we can correlate the model units with geologic formations. The upper layer in the two Ozark Uplift models represents Ordovician and Cambrian carbonate strata, the halfspace corresponds to the Precambrian crystalline basement. Differences between our new models and an earlier one reflect the different parts of uplift that were sampled, and show the thickening of the Paleozoic section away from the uplift core. In the Illinois Basin models, the upper layer represents Pennsylvanian age elastics and the halfspace represents older Paleozoic carbonates. This interpretation is substantiated by a velocity log from a nearby deep well. Again, differences between our new models and earlier efforts result from different passband data that sample different parts of the basin.
We also extract interstation phase velocities from array data recorded at the western edge of the Illinois Basin, over Mississippian age outcrop. By comparing this local dispersion curve with one calculated from the appropriate regional scale model, we conclude that the local structure can also be modeled as a single layer above a halfspace. Local shear velocities are, however, 30% faster than the regional average, which reflects the absence of the slow Pennsylvanian elastic strata around the basin’s periphery.
Induced Seismicity of The Tarbela Reservoir, Pakistan
Authors: Ibenbrahim Aomar , Ni James , Salyards Stephen , Ali Inayat M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Earthquakes with local magnitudes from 0.0 to 4.9 recorded by the Tarbela seismic network, in Pakistan, between 1973 and 1982 have been used to study the reservoir-induced seismicity. A comparison between the pre-impounding and the post-impounding seismicity shows a dramatic decrease in the latter. The sharp decrease in seismicity is not related to the reservoir filling since it started two months before the first impounding and affected a very large area extending more than 100 km away from the reservoir. Statistical analyses of the distributions of earthquakes that occurred within the 20-km radial zone centered on the reservoir indicate that earthquakes in the magnitude range 0.0–1.9 are not randomly distributed in time, while larger events (2≤ML <5 ) have a random temporal distribution. Further analysis of the occurrence of larger magnitude earthquakes indicates that there is no simple relationship between their occurrence and the reservoir loading. On the other hand the cross-correlation of the frequency of non-random small-sized events in a 20-km radial zone with the monthly reservoir water level shows that there is a 160-day lag between the two time-series. This time lag, equivalent to a 180° phase shift between the water level curve and the event curve, indicates that the frequency of microearthquakes is reduced when the reservoir level is at high stand and vice-versa. An elastic model consisting of a two-dimensional rectangular load predicts that the effect of reservoir loading alone is to suppress the pre-existing seismicity directly beneath the Tarbela reservoir, while the effect of unloading the reservoir is to lead to a partial recovery of seismicity. The positive correlation between the frequency of earthquakes and the low reservoir water level could be explained mostly by the elastic effects of reservoir unloading. A gradual increase in the seismicity in regions as far as 100 km from the reservoir started in 1979 (five years after the first reservoir filling) and appears not to be a consequence of the slow diffusion of water to hypocentral depths; rather it reflects the long-term behavior of seismicity in the Pakistan Himalayas.
A Student’s Introduction to Wave Propagation in A Homogeneous Fluid Sphere
Authors: Herrmann R. B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In order to illustrate wave propagation concepts of ray theory, breakdown of ray theory at caustics, the formation of caustics, free oscillations, and the mode-ray duality, elastic wave propagation in a homogeneous, isotropic fluid sphere is considered. The analytical solution is simply expressed in terms of spherical Bessel functions, but their correct evaluation is an interesting numerical exercise. The solution shows some very interesting features, including near-field terms at short distances, and apparent polarity reversals due to the effect of double caustics.
High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Study of the New Madrid Seismic Zone: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Hildenbrand Thomas G. , Rosenbaum Joseph G. , Reynolds Richard L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A high-resolution aeromagnetic survey, flown over the northern part of the New Madrid seismic zone in the Mississippi embayment, reveals linear features that generally parallel active seismic zones. This parallelism suggests that the linear magnetic features are related to faults. Modeling of these anomalies indicates that the associated magnetic sources are shallow, steeply dipping (>80°) prism-like bodies. Their tops at depths of about 1 km are considerably shallower than the depth of crystalline basement (roughly 3 km). The bodies are typically 2 km wide. A plausible explanation for these bodies is that the magnetization within the sequence of generally nonmagnetic sedimentary rocks has been enhanced within and adjacent to fault zones. Such a magnetic enhancement could arise in several ways, including the emplacement of igneous intrusions, the authigenic growth of pyrrhotite, or the conversion of pyrite to magnetite. Whatever the cause of the magnetization contrast, the apparent relation between linear magnetic features and faults may lead to permissible stress models that accommodate the fault pattern inferred from the magnetic field.
Constraints on Reelfoot Rift Evolution from a Reflection Seismic Profile in the Northern Rift
Authors: Goldhaber M.B. , Potter C.J. , Taylor C.D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
An 82.8 km segment of a northwest-southeast trending seismic-reflection profile across the northernmost part of the Reelfoot rift shows that the Cambrian rift geometry there is quite distinct from that of the main part of Reelfoot rift to the south, and that of the Rough Creek graben to the east. The profile is within the area of intersection of the Reelfoot rift and Rough Creek graben and shows a systematic southeastward thickening of the Cambrian synrift clastic sequence with as much as 1940 meters of section present against the Pennyrile fault system as compared to 970 meters near the Lusk Creek and Shawneetown fault systems, towards the northwestern margin of the rift. This contrasts with the more symmetric rift pattern in the seismically active zone to the south, where the maximum thickness of synrift sediments is along the rift axis, and with an opposite sense of rift asymmetry in the Rough Creek graben, where the synrift sequence thickens to the north against the Rough Creek - Shawneetown fault. Reflection patterns in the vicinity of Hicks dome, a “cryptovolcano”, are consistent with the hypothesis that the dome originated by explosive release of mantle-derived gases associated with alkali volcanism. The seismic data also reveal that the fluorine mineralization in the area is associated with faults that offset basement; this is further evidence that deeply-derived fluids are significant in the geologic evolution of the area.
The Character of a Scattered Wavelet: Aspherical Obstacle Embedded in an Elastic Medium
Authors: Tie An , Long L.T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Wavelets scattered from a spherical heterogeneity were computed from solutions of the wave equation for a plane wave incident on a spherical inhomogeneity. The solution is expressed as an orthogonal function expansion that is asymptotically correct for all wavelengths. In this paper we computed the spectral response and corresponding time-domain impulse response for wavelengths greater than one tenth the radius. The frequency content and amplitude of the scattered wave from an incident compressional wave systematically varies with scattering angle. A comparison of the scattered waves with arrival times and amplitudes computed using ray theory shows that the variations in response with scattering angle are closely tied to arrival times and amplitudes of the internally reflected and refracted waves. Use of the minimum phase criterion in order to generate a wavelet does not replicate the wavelet shape, but can be used to generate wavelets where the spectral amplitudes are the principal objective. The Born approximation, the first two terms in the orthogonal function expansion, underestimates the high-frequency energy.
The 4.6 mb,Lg Northeastern Kentucky Earthquake of September 7, 1988
Authors: Street R. , Taylor K. , Jones D. , Harris J. , Steiner G. , Zekulin A. , Zhang D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Source parameters for the September 7, 1988 northeastern Kentucky earthquake have been estimated from the analysis of surface-wave amplitude spectra. The source that best fits the observed data had a seismic moment of 2.0 × 1022 dyne-cm, a mechanism with strike = 198° ± 10°, dip = 51° ± 11°, and slip = −178° ± 17°, (T) trend = 160°, plunge = 25°, (P) trend = 55°, plunge = 28°, and source depth of 4 to 7 km.
Thirty-two aftershocks were recorded during 2 weeks of monitoring following the mainshock; 23 of the aftershocks were locatable and fall on a roughly NW-SE linear trend. This trend is subparallel with the NW-SE nodal plane of the mainshock.
Our analysis shows the 1988 event to be different from the July 27, 1980 mb,Lg = 5.3 earthquake located 11 km to the northwest. First, the 1988 event is considerably shallower (4 to 7 km) than the 1980 event (14 to 22 km). Second, data from the 1988 event suggest the motion is on a conjugate fault and is in contrast with the 1980 event, which had right-lateral strike-slip on a southeast-dipping plane.
The MLg(F) Magnitude Scale: A Proposal for its use for Northeastern North America
Authors: Ebel John E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The mLg(f) magnitude scale of Herrmann and Kijko (1983b), computed with appropriate Lg spatial attenuation functions and calibrated to mb, is proposed for routine use in northeastern North America. The Herrmann and Kijko (1983b) formula yields consistent magnitudes for different forms of Lg attenuation, and it shows little or no distance or period dependence for a data set of ten earthquakes from the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada. The standard deviation of the mLg(f) magnitude estimates relative to mb is about .32 magnitude units. Also, since on average mbLg=mb for the ten earthquakes in the data set, the mLg(f) formula proposed here is also calibrated to mbLg in the study region.
Quality of life in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and the bendopnea symptom
Authors: Dragunov D. O. , Sokolova A. V. , Arutyunov G. P. , Gasanova A. D. , Latyshev T. V. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose. The study of quality of life (QOL) in patients with CHF with preserved LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) and a symptom of bendopnea with diﬀerent levels of salt intake. Materials and methods. The study included 66 patients. The main symptoms of CHF were edema in 54.5% of cases, dyspnea in 77% of cases, ascites was detected in only 2 patients, an enlarged liver in 7 patients. Abdominal obesity was detected in 53 patients. Quality of life was assessed by the SF‑36 questionnaire, the level of salt intake was assessed by the Charlton: SaltScreener questionnaire. Results. On average, the time of occurrence of the bendopnea was 22.5±9.3 seconds, the minimum was 5 seconds. The absence of the eﬀect of abdominal obesity on the risk of bendopnea (relative risk 1.18 [0.76; 1.83]) was revealed. According to the SF‑36 questionnaire, a decrease in physical health indicators (median 31.3 points [20.7; 42.3]) and psychological health (average score 43.2±21.7) was found. In patients with bendopnea, QOL was reduced due to both physical and mental health, unlike patients without bendopnea: physical functioning (Physical Functioning – PF) 24.8±16.1 against 47±28.9 points, p=0.001 ; role‑based functioning due to physical condition (Role‑Physical Functioning – RP), 0 [0; 25] vs. 37.5 [0; 100] points, p=0.008; general health (General Health – GH) 29.9±15.8 against 50±14.2 points, p=0.0005, social functioning (Social Functioning – SF) 56 ± 38 against 78.9 ± 17.8 points ; p = 0.004. Multidimensional regression analysis revealed the relationship between the time of occurrence of the symptom bendopnea and the level of salt intake, physical and psychological activity (r2=0.25; p<0.009). The time of onset of the symptom of bendopnea in patients with CHF decompensation was significantly longer (18.9±8.7 vs. 26.2±8.5 seconds, p=0.003). The presence of diseases such as hypertension, COPD, IHD, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular disease did not significantly aﬀect QOL (p> 0.05), while the presence of bronchial asthma or chronic kidney disease significantly reduced QOL of patients (p<0.05). Conclusion. The presence of the symptom bendopnea significantly reduces the quality of life of patients with CHF with preserved LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction).
Correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals
Authors: Golamari Uma Maheswara R. , Subramaniyan Natarajan Meenakshi Sundari , Lakshmanan Annam , Balakrishnan Rajeswari K. 
Published: July 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to determine as well as to compare the salivary glucose levels in the diabetic and non-diabetic population and correlate the values with their fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (glycated Haemoglobin) levels. Many researchers have proposed the possibility of using salivary glucose estimation for screening and monitoring of effect in general population and in resource poor settings. But studies on this subject in Indian population are limited.Methods: The current study was an analytical cross sectional study of a group of 100 diabetic patients and 100 healthy controls, conducted in the Department of General Medicine, SRM medical college hospital. The mean difference in the salivary glucose between diabetic and non-diabetic population was compared using unpaired t-test.Results: There was a strong positive association between FBS (fasting blood sugar) and salivary glucose in the overall population. There was a strong positive correlation between FBS and Salivary glucose in FBS <200. There was a moderate positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value between 200 to 300 mg/dl. There was a weak positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value >300 mg/dl, which was statistically not significant. There was a strong positive correlation between HbA1c and salivary glucose in the overall population.Conclusions: There appears to be a strong positive association between fasting blood sugar and salivary glucose value in both study groups. But the correlation seems to be relatively weak in fasting blood sugar range above 300 mg/dl. Considering this positive association, further studies are needed to explore the possibility of utilizing salivary glucose for monitoring glycemic control.
Subkompetencja frazeologiczna studentów-neofilologów jako składnik kompetencji językowej tłumacza. Wstęp do badania pilotażowego
Authors: Szutkowski Tomasz 
Published: July 2019

Celem opisanych w artykule badań jest diagnoza poziomu subkompetencji frazeologicznej studentów-neofilologów, którzy podjęli naukę na specjalizacji translatorskiej. Kompetencja frazeologiczna traktowana jest jako nieodłączny element kompetencji językowej tłumacza i odpowiada za poprawne posługiwanie się w mowie i piśmie względnie ustabilizowanymi i choćby w niewielkiej części zleksykalizowanymi związkami wyrazowymi. W badaniach wykorzystano metodę ankietową. Zadaniem respondentów było podanie cech definicyjnych frazeologizmu oraz wskazanie jednostek frazeologicznych spośród podanej listy związków wyrazowych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej ankiety można stwierdzić, iż w opinii respondentów kryterium frazeologiczności spełniają przede wszystkim związki idiomatyczne. Frazeologizm jest traktowany przez studentów-neofilologów tradycjonalistycznie, stereotypowo, a więc przede wszystkim idiomatycznie (w ujęciu W.W. Winogradowa). Respondenci z trudem dopatrują się cech jednostki frazeologicznej w strukturach częściowo zleksykalizowanych – frazemach (zgodnie z koncepcją W. Chlebdy). Takie rozumienie frazeologii z kolei skutkuje często atomistycznym tłumaczeniem związków frazematycznych, co zazwyczaj prowadzi do naruszenia reguł języka docelowego. Wniosek z przeprowadzonego badania pilotażowego skłania do podjęcia działań w zakresie przeorientowania subkompetencji frazeologicznej z perspektywy czysto idiomatycznej na frazematyczną, co z pewnością przyczyni się do podniesienia jakości rezultatów tłumaczenia.
SOSIAL MEDIA DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR: STUDI HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN FACEBOOK TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Najamuddin Najamuddin , Negara Habibi Ratu Perwira , Ramdhani Deddy , Nurman Muhammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan jejaring sosial facebook terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa MTs. Syamsul Huda Peresak yang berjumlah 34 orang. Penelitina ini merupakan penelitian korelasional. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket tentang penggunaan jejaring sosial facebook dan dokumentasi hasil prestasi belajar siswa. Analisis menggunakan korelasi product moment. Hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa nilai sig. = 0.775 > 0.05 = ?, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikat antara penggunaan jejaring sosial facebook terhadap prestasi belajar siswa.

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to find out the relationship between using the facebook as social networking toward student achievement. The subjects in this study were students of MTs Syamsul Huda Peresak with total 34 students. This research is a correlational research. The data collection uses a questionnaire about the user of social networking Facebook and the documentation results of student learning achievements. The analysis uses product moment correlation. The results of data analysis show that the sig value. = 0.775> 0.05 = ?, so it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between using of Facebook as social networks to student learning achievements.