bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold adaptation recorded in tree rings highlights risks associated with climate change and assisted migration
Authors: Montwé David , Isaac-Renton Miriam , Hamann Andreas , Spiecker Heinrich 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWith lengthening growing seasons but increased temperature variability under climate change, frost damage to plants may remain a risk and could be exacerbated by poleward planting of warm-adapted seed sources. Here, we study cold adaptation of tree populations in a wide-ranging coniferous species in western North America to inform limits to seed transfer. Using tree-ring signatures of cold damage from common garden trials designed to study genetic population differentiation, we find opposing geographic clines for spring frost and fall frost damage. Provenances from northern regions are sensitive to spring frosts, while the more productive provenances from central and southern regions are more susceptible to fall frosts. Transferring the southern, warm-adapted genotypes northward causes a significant loss of growth and a permanent rank change after a spring frost event. We conclude that cold adaptation should remain an important consideration when implementing seed transfers designed to mitigate harmful effects of climate change.
Compliant lightweight non-invasive standalone “Marine Skin” tagging system
Authors: Nassar Joanna M. , Khan Sherjeel M. , Velling Seneca J. , Diaz-Gaxiola Andrea , Shaikh Sohail F. , Geraldi Nathan R. , Torres Sevilla Galo A. , Duarte Carlos M. , Hussain Muhammad M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCurrent marine research primarily depends on weighty and invasive sensory equipment and telemetric network to understand the marine environment, including the diverse fauna it contains, as a function of animal behavior and size, as well as equipment longevity. To match animal morphology and activity within the surrounding marine environment, here we show a physically flexible and stretchable skin-like and waterproof autonomous multifunctional system, integrating Bluetooth, memory chip, and high performance physical sensors. The sensory tag is mounted on a swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) and is capable of continuous logging of depth, temperature, and salinity within the harsh ocean environment. The fully packaged, ultra-lightweight (<2.4 g in water), and compliant “Marine Skin” system does not have any wired connection enabling safe and weightless cutting-edge approach to monitor and assess marine life and the ecosystem’s health to support conservation and management of marine ecosystems.
Skin infection boosts memory B-cells specific for a cryptic vaccine epitope of group A streptococcus and broadens the immune response to enhance vaccine efficacy
Authors: Pandey Manisha , Ozberk Victoria , Langshaw Emma L. , Calcutt Ainslie , Powell Jessica , Batzloff Michael R. , Rivera-Hernandez Tania , Good Michael F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAntigenic diversity of the M protein is a major constraint to the development of immunity to group A streptococcus (GAS). We demonstrate that a conserved cryptic epitope that is unrecognized by the host immune system following infection can protect mice following vaccination, and that immunity is strengthened and broadened following successive infections. The observation that infection can boost and broaden, but cannot prime immunity to a cryptic epitope, may be exploited for vaccines for other pathogens.
Grain and starch granule morphology in superior and inferior kernels of maize in response to nitrogen
Authors: Zhao Fucheng , Jing Liquan , Wang Decheng , Bao Fei , Lu Weiping , Wang Guiyue 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) contributes approximately 55% of China’s grain production. The effects of nitrogen (N) on maize grain morphology and starch granules remain elusive. In this study, a field experiment in clay loam soil was conducted using three maize hybrids (Suyu 30, Suyu 20, and Suyu 29) and four N levels (0, 360, 450, and 540 kg ha−1) in 2010 and 2012. The results indicated that increased grain length and width, starch granule number, surface area, and volume, was associated with the application of 450 kg ha−1 of N. Differences between superior (ear base) and inferior (apical) grains decreased under highest yield treatments. The effects of N levels on inferior grains was more than that on superior grains. The starch granules of superior grains showed more polygonal, and bigger shape than inferior grains. The results revealed that N levels affected size and morphology of starch granules and grains. The application of 450 kg N ha−1 resulted in larger-sized starch granules and less difference between superior and inferior grains.
Clinical Assistant Diagnosis for Electronic Medical Record Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Yang Zhongliang , Huang Yongfeng , Jiang Yiran , Sun Yuxi , Zhang Yu-Jin , Luo Pengcheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAutomatically extracting useful information from electronic medical records along with conducting disease diagnoses is a promising task for both clinical decision support(CDS) and neural language processing(NLP). Most of the existing systems are based on artificially constructed knowledge bases, and then auxiliary diagnosis is done by rule matching. In this study, we present a clinical intelligent decision approach based on Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN), which can automatically extract high-level semantic information of electronic medical records and then perform automatic diagnosis without artificial construction of rules or knowledge bases. We use collected 18,590 copies of the real-world clinical electronic medical records to train and test the proposed model. Experimental results show that the proposed model can achieve 98.67% accuracy and 96.02% recall, which strongly supports that using convolutional neural network to automatically learn high-level semantic features of electronic medical records and then conduct assist diagnosis is feasible and effective.
NFκB activation in differentiating glioblastoma stem-like cells is promoted by hyaluronic acid signaling through TLR4
Authors: Ferrandez Eva , Gutierrez Olga , Segundo David San , Fernandez-Luna Jose L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe have previously described that the NFκB pathway is upregulated during differentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) which keeps differentiating GSCs in a proliferative astrocytic precursor state. However, extracellular signals and cellular mediators of this pathway are not clear yet. Here, we show that TLR4 is a key factor to promote NFκB activation in differentiating GSCs. TLR4 is upregulated during differentiation of GSCs and promotes transcriptional activation of NFκB as determined by luciferase-reporter assays and expression of NFκB target genes. Downregulation of TLR4 by shRNAs or blockade with anti-TLR4 specific antibodies drastically inhibited NFκB activity which promoted further differentiation and reduced proliferation of GSCs. We found that hyaluronic acid (HA), a main component of brain extracellular matrix, triggers the TLR4-NFκB pathway in differentiating GSCs. Moreover, HA is synthesized and released by GSCs undergoing differentiation and leads to transcriptional activation of NFκB, which is inhibited following downregulation of TLR4 or blockade of HA synthesis. Thus, we have demonstrated that during the process of differentiation, GSCs upregulate TLR4 and release the TLR4 ligand HA, which activates the TLR4-NFκB signaling pathway. This strategy may efficiently be used by differentiating GSCs to maintain their proliferative potential and consequently their tumorigenic capacity.
Gas permeation through rubbery polymer nano-corrugated membranes
Authors: Firpo Giuseppe , Angeli Elena , Guida Patrizia , Savio Roberto Lo , Repetto Luca , Valbusa Ugo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation is to fabricate PDMS membranes with reliable surface roughness in order to reduce the surface resistances and to study its impact on the permeation rate. The permeance of CO2through PDMS membranes with rough surfaces at nanoscale is studied and compared with the one of membranes with flat surfaces. At very low thickness, rough membranes have a permeance greater than that of membranes with flat surfaces. The enhancement occurs in a regime where the gas transport is sorption desorption surface rate limited, and cannot be explained by the increase in surface area due to the corrugation. The analysis, introducing a phenomenological model in analogy with electrical flow, indicates that nano-corrugation reduces the surface resistance. To test the model, the permeance of N2is also measured in the same experimental conditions and the influence of surface roughness on permeation rate of CO2, He, CH4and N2is studied. The comparison among the gases suggests that the Henry’s coefficient depends on the surface roughness and allows discussing the role of roughness on membrane selectivity.
Pregnancy-associated diamine oxidase originates from extravillous trophoblasts and is decreased in early-onset preeclampsia
Authors: Velicky Philipp , Windsperger Karin , Petroczi Karin , Pils Sophie , Reiter Birgit , Weiss Tamara , Vondra Sigrid , Ristl Robin , Dekan Sabine , Fiala Christian , Cantonwine David E. , McElrath Thomas F. , Jilma Bernd , Knöfler Martin , Boehm Thomas , Pollheimer Jürgen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHuman extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion of the pregnant uterus constitutes a pivotal event for the establishment of the maternal-fetal interface. Compromised EVT function manifesting in inadequate arterial remodeling is associated with the severe pregnancy disorder early-onset preeclampsia (eoPE). Recent studies suggest that EVTs invade the entire uterine vasculature including arteries, veins and lymphatics in the first trimester of pregnancy. We therefore hypothesized that EVT-derived factors accumulate in the circulation of pregnant women early in gestation and may serve to predict eoPE. In contrast to published literature, we demonstrate that placenta-associated diamine oxidase (DAO) is not expressed by maternal decidual cells but solely by EVTs, especially when in close proximity to decidual vessels. Cultures of primary EVTs express and secret large amounts of bioactive DAO. ELISA measurements indicate a pregnancy-specific rise in maternal DAO plasma levels around gestational week (GW) 7 coinciding with vascular invasion of EVTs. Strikingly, DAO levels from eoPE cases were significantly lower (40%) compared to controls in the first trimester of pregnancy but revealed no difference at mid gestation. Furthermore, DAO-containing pregnancy plasma rapidly inactivates pathophysiologically relevant histamine levels. This study represents the first proof of concept suggesting EVT-specific signatures as diagnostic targets for the prediction of eoPE.
aPKCζ-dependent Repression of Yap is Necessary for Functional Restoration of Irradiated Salivary Glands with IGF-1
Authors: Chibly Alejandro M. , Wong Wen Yu , Pier Maricela , Cheng Hongqiang , Mu Yongxin , Chen Ju , Ghosh Sourav , Limesand Kirsten H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractXerostomia and salivary hypofunction often result as a consequence of radiation therapy for head and neck cancers, which are diagnosed in roughly 60,000 individuals every year in the U.S. Due to the lack of effective treatments for radiation-induced salivary hypofunction, stem cell-based therapies have been suggested to regenerate the irradiated salivary glands. Pharmacologically, restoration of salivary gland function has been accomplished in mice by administering IGF-1 shortly after radiation treatment, but it is not known if salivary stem and progenitor cells play a role. We show that radiation inactivates aPKCζ and promotes nuclear redistribution of Yap in a population of label-retaining cells in the acinar compartment of the parotid gland (PG)– which comprises a heterogeneous pool of salivary progenitors. Administration of IGF-1 post-radiation maintains activation of aPKCζ and partially rescues Yap’s cellular localization in label retaining cells, while restoring salivary function. Finally, IGF-1 fails to restore saliva production in mice lacking aPKCζ, demonstrating the importance of the kinase as a potential therapeutic target.
Ultrafast zero-bias photocurrent and terahertz emission in hybrid perovskites
Authors: Obraztsov Petr A. , Lyashenko Dmitry , Chizhov Pavel A. , Konishi Kuniaki , Nemoto Natsuki , Kuwata-Gonokami Makoto , Welch Eric , Obraztsov Alexander N. , Zakhidov Alex 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMethylammonium lead iodide is a benchmark hybrid organic perovskite material used for low-cost printed solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of over 20%. Nevertheless, the nature of light–matter interaction in hybrid perovskites and the exact physical mechanism underlying device operation are currently debated. Here, we report room temperature, ultrafast photocurrent generation, and free-space terahertz emission from unbiased hybrid perovskites induced by femtosecond light pulses. The polarization dependence of the observed photoresponse is consistent with the bulk photovoltaic effect caused by a combination of injection and shift currents. Observation of this type of photocurrents sheds light on the low recombination and long carrier diffusion lengths arising from the indirect bandgap in CH3NH3PbI3. Naturally ballistic shift and injection photocurrents may enable third-generation perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding the Shockley–Queisser limit. The demonstrated control over photocurrents with light polarization also opens new venues toward perovskite spintronics and tunable THz devices.
Lucky Spectroscopy, an equivalent technique to Lucky Imaging
Authors: Maíz Apellániz J. , Barbá R. H. , Simón-Díaz S. , Sota A. , Trigueros Páez E. , Caballero J. A. , Alfaro E. J. 
Published: April 2018

Context. Many massive stars have nearby companions whose presence hamper their characterization through spectroscopy.
Aims. We want to obtain spatially resolved spectroscopy of close massive visual binaries to derive their spectral types.
Methods. We obtained a large number of short long-slit spectroscopic exposures of five close binaries under good seeing conditions. We selected those with the best characteristics, extracted the spectra using multiple-profile fitting, and combined the results to derive spatially separated spectra.
Results. We demonstrate the usefulness of Lucky Spectroscopy by presenting the spatially resolved spectra of the components of each system, in two cases with separations of only ~0.′′3. Those are δ Ori Aa+Ab (resolved in the optical for the first time) and σ Ori AaAb+B (first time ever resolved). We also spatially resolve 15 Mon AaAb+B, ζ Ori AaAb+B (both previously resolved with GOSSS, the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey), and η Ori AaAb+B, a system with two spectroscopic B+B binaries and a fifth visual component. The systems have in common that they are composed of an inner pair of slow rotators orbited by one or more fast rotators, a characteristic that could have consequences for the theories of massive star formation.
L’actualité scientifique vue par les étudiants de l’AMPS
Authors: Benani Alaedine , Gaudet Camille , Varennes Olivier , Vellas Dylan 
Published: April 2018

Les Brèves de ce numéro sont publiées dans le cadre d’un partenariat entre l’Association Médecine/Pharmacie/Sciences (AMPS) et médecine/sciences.
« l’AMPS rassemble les étudiants des double cursus médecine-sciences et pharmacie-sciences en France, et encourage les interactions entre la médecine et les sciences fondamentales. Son objectif est de regrouper les expertises scientifiques et cliniques de personnes mues par la même vision de la recherche scientifique et médicale française et de permettre à ses membres de bénéficier d’un échange rapide d’informations concernant les formations, les universités, les laboratoires et les avancées dans différentes disciplines. »
Hafer bei Typ-2-Diabetes: Eine Renaissance
Authors: Zerm Roland , Kröz Matthias 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungHafer spielte viele Jahrzehnte lang eine wichtige Rolle in der diätetischen Therapie von Diabetes mellitus. Mit der Entdeckung des Insulins durch Frederick G. Banting und Charles H. Best 1921 und im weiteren Verlauf durch die Verbreitung oraler Antidiabetika geriet Hafer als Therapeutikum zunehmend in Vergessenheit. Doch in den vergangenen 15 Jahren erlebt er eine regelrechte Renaissance, insbesondere in der Behandlung der Insulinresistenz bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. Standen zunächst die guten klinischen Erfahrungen im Vordergrund, konnten in den letzten Jahren immer mehr wissenschaftliche Daten zur Wirksamkeit sowie Erkenntnisse zu möglichen Wirkmechanismen auf molekularbiologischer Ebene gewonnen werden.
Expositionsbehandlung mithilfe einer Defibrillatorweste bei schwerer Zwangsstörung und angeborenem Long-QT-Syndrom
Authors: Sinowatz Fabian , Jilek Clemens , Cuntz Ulrich , Greetfeld Martin , Hopfner Petra , Pache Jürgen , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen Fall einer jungen Patientin mit Zwangsstörung, die zugleich an einer schweren kardialen Grunderkrankung litt. Durch die somatische Komorbidität war die leitliniengerechte Durchführung der Expositionstherapie mit Reaktionsmanagement zunächst nicht möglich, ohne die Patientin vital zu gefährden. Durch eine enge Kooperation mit einer kardiologischen Abteilung konnte eine innovative Lösung gefunden werden, welche die Durchführung der Expositionstherapie ermöglichte. Der Fallbericht ist ein Beispiel für gelungene interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und soll den Leser darauf aufmerksam machen, dass vor der Einleitung von Expositionsbehandlungen in seltenen Fällen auch somatische Kontraindikationen zu prüfen sind.
Use of Palivizumab in Germany – Report from the German Synagis™ Registry 2009 – 2016
Authors: Simon Arne , Gehrmann Susanne , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Wagenpfeil Stefan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background Following national recommendations, palivizumab is administered in Germany to high-risk infants to prevent hospitalizations related to Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection.
Methods In this post marketing observational study (German SYNAGIS™ Registry) data on risk factors and the clinical course of children, who received at least one palivizumab injection between 2009–2016 (01 September to June 30) were entered into an internet-based data entry system by the attending physicians after informed consent.
Results 63 572 immunizations were documented for 12 729 evaluable patients (EVP) from 2009 to 2016, with an average of 5.0 immunizations per patient per season. 45% of infants received more than 5 injections. The predominant primary reason for immunization was premature birth (74%). In the EVP the rate of hospitalizations with causal relationship to RSV was 0.7% (=92/12 729) or 1.2% in a worst case scenario including patients with missing RSV test. In patients with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease as main indication, RSV-related hospitalization rate was 0.8%. Intensive care was necessary in 16.9% (median duration 3 days), mechanical ventilation in 8.0%. No death related to RSV infection was reported.
Conclusion Keeping in mind the limitations of an uncontrolled prospective observational study, our results confirm the effectiveness and safety of palivizumab prophylaxis. The total number of patients with hsCHD is lower than expected. A better adjustment to the regional epidemiology would probably reduce the need for more than 5 injections.
When translation is not about meaning
Authors: Mossop Brian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Translation is typically thought of as conveying the meaning of a text written in another language. However translators frequently
engage in operations that do not start from textual meaning but from phonetic form, typographic form or some other formal feature
of a text. In this article, I look at several such operations, and how they are used in handling proper names, numerical
expressions, text in a third language, so-called untranslatable words, passages of uncertain meaning, and poetry, as well as their
use in translation studies and linguistics journals, and in pronunciation guides for tourists and for choirs singing in languages
unknown to their members. I also briefly consider operations that are based on the form of non-linguistic text elements.
On morphological internalization
Authors: García-Castillero Carlos 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper deals with the creation of the Old Irish oblique relative conjunct particle-(s)aN-(e.g.,dianepir“for which he says” =do-(s)aN-epir) as the outcome of the internalization of a demonstrative form used as a light head, which initially stood as a morphologically independent form. The initial step of this change was the grammaticalization of that demonstrative as the oblique element of a paradigm of relative-clause type forms in which the subject and object functions of the antecedent of the relative are also distinguished. Internalization is defined as an abrupt morphological change creating grammatical elements; its specific mechanism is the mirror image of externalization and must be distinguished from other morphological changes such as incorporation.
Introduction
Authors: Jobert Manuel , Sorlin Sandrine 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This introductory chapter starts with a brief presentation of what triggered our interest in the joint study of irony and banter. We then delve into the theoretical intricacies of these two discursive practices. We review the major theoretical frameworks that have contributed to our understanding of these practices and pinpoint some crucial issues. We conclude with an overview of the different viewpoints expressed and adopted in the following chapters.
Simulating ignorance
Authors: Mandon Natalie 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This study reflects the importance of interpretation in staged discourse. It shows how in late seventeenth-century Restoration comedy, both verbal irony and banter rely on the simulation of ignorance in order to achieve a common satirical aim. By offering an opportunity to serve up evaluative comments which when taken literally are erroneous, ironic discourse and banter serve to expose a deviation from the norm. However, these discourse practices also serve to ridicule those who, by failing to detect the discrepancy between literal and intended meaning, fail to question those erroneous evaluations. Ultimately it appears that Congreve’s satirical target is above all those who lack judgement, those who have impaired vision, what Currie (2006) has called “a defective view of the world”.
The face-value of place-work in William Makepeace Thackeray’s handling of irony
Authors: Fromonot Jacqueline 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Irony is admittedly a well-established and well-documented feature in William Makepeace Thackeray’s works, but the present contribution undertakes to study its textual mechanisms in light of pragmatic theories complemented with a specific structural approach, referred to as “place-work.” The purpose is to highlight that from the perspectives of both creation and reception, the mechanisms of Thackerayan irony involve the distribution of one, two or three “places,” alternately or cumulatively occupied by the ironist and his addressee(s), whether narrator, commentator, characters, and readers alike. This ever-changing “topology” of irony results in the constant reshuffling of roles and places typically at work in Thackeray’s writings, and underlines as well the structural instability of irony.