bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graph structure based data augmentation method
Authors: Kim Kyung Geun , Lee Byeong Tak 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel graph-based data augmentation method that can generally be applied to medical waveform data with graph structures. In the process of recording medical waveform data, such as electrocardiogram (ECG), angular perturbations between the measurement leads exist due to imperfections in lead positions. The data samples with large angular perturbations often cause inaccuracy in algorithmic prediction tasks. We design a graph-based data augmentation technique that exploits the inherent graph structures within the medical waveform data to improve the F1 score by 1.44% over various tasks, models, and datasets. In addition, we show that Graph Augmentation improves model robustness by testing against adversarial attacks. Since Graph Augmentation is methodologically orthogonal to existing data augmentation techniques, they can be used in conjunction to further improve the final performance, resulting in a 2.47% gain of the F1 score. We believe that our Graph Augmentation method opens up new possibilities to explore in data augmentation.
Unsupervised machine learning for local stress identification in fatigue analysis of welded joints
Authors: Ghanadi Mehdi , Kumar Manoranjan , Danielsson Per-Olof , Hultgren Gustav , Barsoum Zuheir 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the underlying study, a method has been proposed to automatically extract finite element (FE) peak stresses of welded components to alleviate human errors and increase the calculation accuracy. The approach is based on the K-means and DBSCAN (density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise) methods as the unsupervised machine learning approaches. Data points, in this case, nodal coordinates and their corresponding stress magnitudes, are grouped within different clusters. The peak stress in each dense region (cluster) is then highlighted and reported automatically. Parametric and comparative studies have also been carried out in order to detect optimised parameters of the K-means and DBSCAN algorithms. The methodology will ultimately be used for more reliable stress analysis in fatigue assessment of welded structures.
Influence of seed-applied biostimulants on soybean germination and early seedling growth under low and high temperature stress
Authors: Sivarathri Bala Subramanyam , Kodadinne Narayana Nisarga , Bryant Corey J. , Dhillon Jagman , Reddy K. Raja , Bheemanahalli Raju 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Biostimulants are environment-friendly agricultural inputs that can improve plant health and yield potential under environmental stressors. Soybeans subjected to extreme temperatures during the growing seasons impacts plant health and performance. Uniform emergence and vigorous seedling establishment are the two traits during the early season that directly correlate with the final yield and are sensitive to abiotic stress. This study tested the effectiveness of seed-applied biostimulants in improving seed germination and emergence traits under different temperatures, low (15 °C, LT), optimum (25 °C, OT), and high (35 °C, HT), using three phenotyping methods such as the paper roll, growth pouch, and soil-based pot culture. Germination, emergence, and seedling growth were significantly accelerated under OT and HT compared to LT in both biostimulant-treated and untreated seeds. While seeds treated with biostimulants exhibited minor differences in germination, emergence, and growth traits under LT and HT compared to the OT. In the soil-based pot culture experiment, humic and fulvic acid-containing treatments extended the time to 50% emergence under LT. This delay was associated with a 13% increase in seedling biomass. A bacillus containing biostimulant improved seedling vigor by 7% under LT compared to untreated check. Notably, biostimulants containing bacterial strains, fulvic acid, and humic acid were found to have a role in reducing time to germination or emergence and enhancing seedling growth. However, the results obtained from different phenotyping methods were inconsistent, suggesting that the effects of biostimulants on germination and growth parameters may be more targeted rather than broad-spectrum. Future research is necessary to optimize application rates and fully explore their potential to mitigate the effects of stressors during the growing season.
The Dutch Body Shape Questionnaire among patients with binge-eating disorder: psychometrics and norms of the full version (BSQ34) and the short version (BSQ8C)
Authors: Melisse Bernou , de Mooij Liselotte , de Jonge Margo , Schlochtermeier Daniela , de Beurs Edwin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study examined the psychometric properties and provided normative data of the Dutch Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ34) and its shortened BSQ8C among patients with binge-eating disorder.

Methods
The two versions of the BSQ were administered to patients with binge-eating disorder (N = 155) enrolled for treatment, and to a community sample (N = 333). The translation and back-translation of the BSQ were performed by translators with and without eating-disorder expertise. Internal consistency, concurrent validity, test–retest reliability, incremental validity, and sensitivity to change were determined. A receiver-operating-characteristic curve-analysis was used to establish criterion-related validity, for which the Eating Disorder Examination—Shape concern subscale, was used. Uni-dimensionality of the instrument was investigated with confirmatory factor analysis. Norms (population-based T-scores and clinical percentile-scores) were determined.

Results
The psychometric properties of the BSQs were satisfactory. The BSQ34 discriminated well in body-shape dissatisfaction between patients with binge-eating disorder and the community sample (area-under-the-curve value = 0.91–0.98) and had a unidimensional factor structure. Comparing structural invariance between both samples revealed that scaler invariance was not supported, indicating that items may be interpreted differently by patients with binge-eating disorder and subjects from the community. Analyses were repeated for the BSQ8C, which yielded similar results.

Conclusion
The results indicated that both versions of the BSQ appeared suitable to screen for body-shape dissatisfaction among patients with binge-eating disorder. The BSQ34 supplies valuable information on the various types of concerns respondents have, which are critical to consider in clinical settings; the BSQ8C is recommended as a short screening tool.
Level of evidence: Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.
Can simple measures from clinical practice serve as a proxy for sarcopenic obesity and identify mortality risk?
Authors: Guandalini Valdete Regina , Tofani Patrícia Silva , Lima Sara Souza , Silveira Letícia Coelho , Cochar-Soares Natália , da Silva Thais Barros Pereira , de Souza Thales Batista , Luiz Mariane Marques , Ramírez Paula Camila , de Oliveira Máximo Roberta , Steptoe Andrew , de Oliveira Cesar , da Silva Alexandre Tiago 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenic obesity is a condition where loss of muscle mass occurs alongside fat gain, and it is considered a risk factor for mortality. However, the use of various definitions for this condition has led to conflicting results.

Aim
To investigate whether the coexistence of low muscle mass and abdominal obesity, defined using two simple measures employed in clinical practice, is a risk factor for mortality in individuals aged 50 or older.

Methods
A longitudinal study with a 14-year follow-up was conducted involving 5,440 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Abdominal obesity and low muscle mass were respectively defined based on high waist circumference and low skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) determined by an equation. The sample was divided into four groups: non-low muscle mass/non-abdominal obesity (NLMM/NAO), non-low muscle mass/abdominal obesity (NLMM/AO), low muscle mass/non-abdominal obesity (LMM/NAO), and low muscle mass/abdominal obesity (LMM/AO). Cox regression models were used to estimate the mortality risk as a function of muscle mass and abdominal obesity status.

Results
LMM/AO increased the risk of death by 83% (HR:1.83; 95%CI: 1.35–2.66) compared to those in the NLMM/NAO group. AO alone was not associated with a greater risk of mortality (HR:1.09; 95%CI: 0.93–1.27), whereas LMM alone increased the risk by 40% (HR:1.40; 95%CI:1.18–1.66).

Conclusions
Identifying LMM/AO in individuals aged 50 or older can be crucial for predicting the risk of mortality. Simple and easily applicable measures can serve as a proxy for sarcopenic obesity and aid in implementing the necessary interventions.
Multimodal Assessment in Clinical Simulations: A Guide for Moving Towards Precision Education
Authors: Schwengel Deborah , Villagrán Ignacio , Miller Geoffrey , Miranda Constanza , Toy Serkan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTechnological advances and cutting-edge data analytics approaches give new prospects for using multimodal assessments in simulation-based medical education. These multimodal approaches consider the interaction of data obtained from multiple sources and can enhance our ability to assess the educational efficacy of simulations and optimize learning experiences for each individual learner. However, several challenges could jeopardize the successful implementation of this approach. We present a practical guide for integrating multimodal assessment in clinical simulation-based education, offering educators and researchers a systematic checklist to consider before undertaking these multimodal assessment initiatives.
Investigating inherent cement setting mechanisms to improve the constructability performance of extrusion-based 3D concrete printing
Authors: Günzel F. S. , Moelich G. M. , Kanyenze S. S. , Kruger P. J. , Combrinck R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research aims to utilize the inherent setting mechanisms of cement to 3D print a more conventional concrete mix without the addition of commercial accelerator admixtures, towards improved surface finish, pumpability or buildability. Three potential rapid setting mechanisms are investigated in this research, namely: flash setting, false setting and belitic calcium sulfoaluminate (BCSA) replacement of cement. The three rapid setting mechanisms are characterised by determining hardened state compressive strength, setting time and green-state compressive strength. Potential mixtures are then 3D printed and their performance quantified through buildability tests and observation of surface finish quality. Additionally, the economic feasibility is investigated. It is shown that false setting does not significantly influence the mechanical properties, while the early age strength gain is not as rapid as for flash setting or BCSA cement. Flash setting improves the early age strength but reduces the long-term compressive strength. Partially replacing OPC with BCSA cement improves the early age strength and does not impact the mechanical properties significantly. Higher cement replacements increased the intensity of the rapid setting mechanisms, shortening setting and increasing early age strength. Flash setting showed the largest positive impact on the buildability of 3D printed concrete. The buildability could be increased by 321% with flash setting, while BCSA cement resulted in a buildability increase of 214% and for false setting only a 35% increase. Flash setting and BCSA replacement are shown to be the more economical rapid setting mechanisms.
What are the potentials for local governments when participating in research on knowledge co-creation through nature-based solutions?
Authors: Sang Åsa Ode , Vogel Nina , Mercado Geovana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nature-based solutions (NbS) have been put forward as an approach to meet many of the challenges facing cities globally, such as increased temperatures, flooding and loss of biodiversity. Co-creation is a central part of the NbS approach, with the use of urban living laboratories (ULLs) as a mechanism for supporting co-creation processes. In this perspective essay, we will reflect on the potential for knowledge co-creation of NbS within an ULL context, based on the experiences from the EU H2020-funded projects REGREEN and CONEXUS. Furthermore, we will discuss how NbS and ULLs have the potential to contribute to transformative change. This is done through elaborating on processes of knowledge co-creation, communication and learning, as well as discussing the impacts which REGREEN and similar projects could have, focusing on the role of local governmental agencies.
Overview of the Evolution and Trends of the QuEChERS Sample Preparation Procedure
Authors: Veiga-del-Baño José M. , Andreo-Martínez Pedro , Pérez-Lucas Gabriel , Navarro Simón 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method is a sample preparation technique originally used in analytical chemistry for the extraction and purification of pesticide residues in food. In recent years, the approach has evolved beyond its original scope to include environmentally relevant analytes other than pesticides and matrices other than food. The main objective of this paper is to provide a chronological overview of bibliometrics and to present the development of QuEChERS applications from publishing the method in 2003 to present using the tools BibExcel, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix. A bibliometric analysis was carried out using the Science Citation Index Expanded database (WoS©) to analyze the scientific literature published in the field over the last 20 years and to identify limitations and future research directions. Yearly production of scientific publications increased steadily, and Price's index (50.3%) showed that QuEChERS method research is still relevant after 20 years. China and the USA were the most productive and collaborative countries in the field, and all the documents (4789) were published in 56 different subject categories of WoS©, which implies that QuEChERS method research is multidisciplinary in nature. This is the first bibliometric review of the QuEChERS method, where trend topics in the keywords show the evolution of the QuEChERS method into other fields complementary to pesticide analysis as a risk in food safety.
Graphical abstract
Eco-anxiety and a Desire for Hope: A Composite Article on the Impacts of Climate Change in Environmental Education
Authors: Jukes Scott , Fox Robyn , Hills David , White Peta J. , Ferguson Joseph Paul , Kamath Amrita , Logan Marianne , Riley Kathryn , Rousell David , Wooltorton Sandra , Whitehouse Hilary 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResponding to increasing concerns regarding human-induced climate change and shared commitment as environmental educators to support climate action, we crafted this article as a composite piece — an emerging method of inquiry. We are eleven contributors: the Editorial Executive of the Australian Journal of Environmental Education and two colleagues who each respond to prompts concerning our experience of climate change and our practices of climate change education. The responses provide insights regarding how we strive to enact meaningful climate action, education, advocacy and agency. This article presents the reader with various ways environmental educators work through eco-anxiety and engage in active hope when supporting climate change education/agency/action. The following insights emerged, illustrating 1. the significance of embracing diverse perspectives and knowledge systems; 2. Emotions as catalysts for action and activism; 3. the value of fostering collaborative spaces/relationships/communities that empower people; 4. the importance of integrating ethical responses and critical climate literacy in climate change education/research; 5. learning from places and multi-species entanglements; 6. acknowledging tensions. We offer these six insights not as a solution but as a potentially generative heuristic for navigating the complexity and uncertainty of climate change education in contemporary times.
Development and validation of an antimicrobial stewardship clinical decision-support tool to improve the management of urinary tract infections versus asymptomatic bacteriuria in hospitalized patients
Authors: Gilboa Mayan , Boatwright Renata , Salazar Veronica , Simon Julio C. , North Brianna , Vu Christine , Vega Ana , Jennings Deronde Kailynn , Rosa Rossana , Abbo Lilian M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the effectiveness of a 3-question decision-support tool to guide the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in acute care hospitalized patients as an antibiotic and diagnostic stewardship initiative.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Four acute care hospitals within the same health system in Miami, FL.

Patients:
124, admitted from the emergency department and hospitalized adult patients, treated with antibiotics for the indication of a UTI between March and April 2023.

Intervention:
We developed a 3-step clinical decision-support tool (CDST) to evaluate the appropriateness of urine cultures and antibiotic treatment. The tool’s recommendations when deciding to prescribe antibiotics were compared with the actual need for treatment throughout the hospitalization, up to the time of patient discharge.

Results:
Overall, 31% of antibiotics prescribed for UTIs were inappropriate and met the criteria for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) based on the CDST. Prospective implementation of the decision-support tool could potentially reduce antibiotic use by 33.6%, corresponding to 265 days of unnecessary therapy. The sensitivity and specificity of the tool were calculated to be 98.6% and 100%, respectively, indicating high accuracy in identifying the need for antibiotic treatment. Urinalysis alone was insufficient to differentiate between symptomatic UTIs and ASB, with leukocyturia present in 95.3% of UTI cases and 94.6% of ASB cases (P = 0.87).

Conclusions:
Implementing a 3-question CDST may reduce unnecessary laboratory work-up and treatment for ASB improving the diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship of UTIs.
Negotiating extirpation: On the political implications of declaring dugongs extinct in Okinawan waters
Authors: Palz Marius 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In 2021, scientists published a preprint stating that the dugong population of Okinawa had declined below the minimum viable population and should be considered extinct. The publication led to an outcry amongst Japanese/Okinawan environmentalists and to criticism by international dugong specialists. Two issues were raised: 1) Declaring dugongs extinct, although feeding trails were found in several locations, misrepresented the reality in Okinawan waters, and could have negative impacts on conservation measures; 2) Three authors were sitting on the Environmental Monitoring Committee for a controversial military base construction project in an area where dugongs were frequently spotted before construction commenced. The presence/absence of dugongs at the site had become a political issue, as the animal’s protected status and its depiction in folklore gave it symbolic meaning in the anti-base movement. The declaration of dugong extinction reminded protesters of a former Environmental Impact Assessment conducted by Japan’s Ministry of Defence, declaring the site to be no relevant dugong habitat. The paper explores the implications of the preprint for the political situation in Okinawa and questions the certainty of dugong extirpation in the region. It argues that speculations about extinction cannot be divorced from the political contexts to which they are invariably tied.
A multidimensional approach to knowledge coproduction in glaciology
Authors: Brugnach Marcela , Sato-Bajracharya Saria , Kranz Lisa , Bilbao-Barrenetxea Nerea , Faria Sergio Henrique 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This work presents a reflection on the meaning and significance of knowledge coproduction in the field of glaciology. We start by invoking the paradigm of Structure–Form–Environment Interplay (SFEI) to formulate a generalised definition of glaciology, which highlights the relevance of knowledge coproduction. The adoption of a relational view of glaciological knowledge leads us to identify five core dimensions of knowledge coproduction: purpose, ethics, ambiguity, inclusion/exclusion, and relationships. Based on those dimensions, we delve into the decisive methodological aspects of the coproduction process, namely the definition of its purpose, the identification of participants, the organisation of the process, the recognition of ambiguity in Ways of Knowing (WoKs), and the consideration of ethical implications. In addition to the already known three stages of knowledge coproduction process (codesign, codevelopment, and codelivery), we propose the inclusion of an additional preparation stage, which entails the acknowledgment of the identity and involvement of all human and nonhuman participants, their positionality, and means to ensure their cultural and ontological safety. We reason that knowledge coproduction does not replace the scientific method, but rather complements it, eliciting the possibility to unveil deeper insights that might be difficult to attain through unilateral means.
Maternal infliction of harm via prenatal alcohol exposure – a public wrong?
Authors: Ryan Samantha , Jonas Monique 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In recent years concern about Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) has intensified, prompting calls for societal action. Pregnant women's consumption of alcohol is increasingly surveilled, public health campaigns now promote abstinence, and in some jurisdictions, prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) resulting in FASD has received criminal sanction. This paper anticipates potential calls to criminalise PAE resulting in FASD by envisioning what such a case might look like. Applying Duff et al's framework for determining whether an act should be criminalised, we draw upon public health and jurisprudential discourses to trace the outline of an argument for framing maternal alcohol consumption causing injury to the child born alive as a public wrong and a crime.1 We show how an ‘in principle’ case may be constructed, but argue that countervailing principles, including women's rights, and practical considerations, tell decisively against criminalisation.
The relationship between dietary greenhouse gas emissions and demographic characteristics in high-income countries
Authors: Kliejunas Eli , Cleghorn Cristina , Drew Jonathan Michael , Mhurchu Cliona Ni , Bradbury Kathryn E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The food we eat has a critical impact on human and planetary health. Food systems are responsible for approximately a third of total global greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). This review summarises studies that have measured dietary GHGE and assessed their associations with various demographic variables. Most studies report dietary emissions at the individual level, but some studies use households as the unit of analysis. Studies investigating individuals estimate dietary intakes using 24-hour dietary recalls, FFQ, diet history interviews, food diaries or other dietary records. Studies investigating households rely on food purchasing data and expenditure surveys. The majority of studies estimate dietary GHGE using process-based life cycle assessments. It is difficult to directly compare emissions estimates between studies at either the individual or household-level due to methodological differences. In general, there are mixed findings with regard to the relationships between various demographic variables and dietary emissions, although older adults generally had higher dietary GHGE than younger adults, and men typically had higher dietary GHGE than women, even when standardising for total energy intake. This review may be useful in informing and targeting policies and interventions to reduce GHGE of dietary intake.