bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Lithospheric Strength Distribution on India‐Eurasia Deformation From 3‐D Geodynamic Models
Authors: Bischoff Sarah , Flesch Lucy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractModels for continental lithospheric strength are not well resolved due to a lack of direct measurement; however, numerical simulations provide means for evaluating the physicality of endmember cases. We simulate the 3‐D dynamics of continental lithosphere within the India‐Eurasia collision zone and compare results to observed deformation. Three‐dimensional lithospheric deformation is approximated with creeping flow in a layered spherical cap. We partition strength with depth according to endmember models, using laterally varying estimates of vertically averaged effective viscosity to constrain the absolute values of 3‐D viscosity in the upper crustal and mantle layers. Comparisons between dynamic solutions and observed geophysical data indicate: (1) Deformation within the subducted Indian slab is required to simulate uplift along the entire Himalayan front with 1022 Pa·s representing an upper bound for slab strength. (2) Along‐strike variations in crustal strength are necessary to match surface observations. (3) Balance of gravitational forces acting on Tibetan lithosphere with a weak lower crust are able to replicate observed vertical deformation patterns. A west‐to‐east decrease in the lateral extent of the underthrust Indian slab is required for reproducing observed surface motions in Tibet. Geodynamic simulations yield subsidence in southern Qiangtang and Southeast Asia consistent with global positioning system‐derived dilatation. We note a trade‐off between upper crustal strength and surface velocity rotation around the Eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Simulations with stronger upper crust replicate velocities in western Tibet but not the east, while those with weaker upper crust produce observed rotation in eastern Tibet but overpredict magnitudes to the west.
Enhanced Resolution of the Subducting Plate Interface in Central Alaska From Autocorrelation of Local Earthquake Coda
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Keranen Katie M. , Abers Geoffrey A. , Brown Larry D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSubducting plates below 10‐km depth are primarily imaged using phases from teleseismic earthquakes at frequencies dominantly below 1 Hz, resulting in low‐resolution images compared to fault zone thickness. Here we image the plate boundary zone in Alaska using scattered body wave arrivals in local earthquake coda to produce a higher‐resolution image of the slab. An autocorrelation method successfully extracts coherent arrivals from the local earthquake signals. Our autocorrelation results image interfaces associated with the subducting oceanic plate at higher resolution than our teleseismic receiver functions, with increased coherence and sharper boundaries. Our results provide one of the first coherent structural images of the seismogenic zone using scattered local body waves. Amplitudes suggest that seismic wave speed decreases with increasing depth within the low‐velocity zone, supporting lithologic rather than purely overpressure models for the zone in our region. Similar methodologies using dense stations could provide higher‐resolution images to characterize crustal and uppermost mantle boundaries globally.
SG formation relies on eIF4GI-G3BP interaction which is targeted by picornavirus stress antagonists
Authors: Yang Xiaodan , Hu Zhulong , Zhang Qiang , Fan Shanshan , Zhong Yi , Guo Dong , Qin Yali , Chen Mingzhou 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTypical stress granules (tSGs) are stalled translation pre-initiation complex aggregations in the cytoplasm, and their formation is a common consequence of translation initiation inhibition under stress. We previously found that 2A protease of picornaviruses blocks tSG formation and induces atypical SG formation, but the molecular mechanism by which 2A inhibits tSG formation remains unclear. Here, we found that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma1 (eIF4GI) is critical for tSG formation by interacting with Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3-domain-binding protein (G3BP), and this interaction is mediated by aa 182–203 of eIF4GI and the RNA-binding domain of G3BP. Upon eIF4GI-G3BP interaction, eIF4GI can assemble into tSGs and rescue tSG formation. Finally, we found that 2A or L protein of picornaviruses blocks tSG formation by disrupting eIF4GI-G3BP interaction. Our findings provide the first evidence that eIF4GI-G3BP interaction is indispensable for tSG formation, and 2A or L protein of picornaviruses interferes eIF4GI-G3BP interaction, thereby blocking tSG formation.
Halogen-bonded cocrystallization with phosphorus, arsenic and antimony acceptors
Authors: Lisac Katarina , Topić Filip , Arhangelskis Mihails , Cepić Sara , Julien Patrick A. , Nickels Christopher W. , Morris Andrew J. , Friščić Tomislav , Cinčić Dominik 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe formation of non-covalent directional interactions, such as hydrogen or halogen bonds, is a central concept of materials design, which hinges on using small compact atoms of the 2nd period, notably nitrogen and oxygen, as acceptors. Heavier atoms are much less prominent in that context, and mostly limited to sulfur. Here, we report the experimental observation and theoretical study of halogen bonds to phosphorus, arsenic and antimony in the solid state. Combining 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene with triphenylphosphine, -arsine, and -stibine provides cocrystals based on I···P, I···As and I···Sb halogen bonds. The demonstration that increasingly metallic pnictogens form halogen bonds sufficiently strong to enable cocrystal formation is an advance in supramolecular chemistry which opens up opportunities in materials science, as shown by colossal thermal expansion of the cocrystal involving I···Sb halogen bonds.
Sub-stoichiometry-facilitated oxidation kinetics in a δ-TixC-doped Ti-based alloy
Authors: Wei Shaolou , Huang Lujun , Zhu Yuntong , Shi Zhe , Li Xinting , Geng Lin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTitanium carbide has been widely considered as a stabilizer to alleviate the serious chemical activity of Ti-based alloys at elevated temperatures. However, a reverse effect may also take place: we show the sub-stoichiometry characteristic of δ-TixC can facilitate the oxidation kinetics of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy to a significant extent. In particular, oxygen atoms tend to preferentially occupy the vacant carbon sites within the Ti2C phase, giving rise to a higher oxidation rate. The intrinsic mechanisms were understood with a combination of ab initio simulation and experimental validation.
Joule overheating poisons the fractional ac Josephson effect in topological Josephson junctions
Authors: Le Calvez Kévin , Veyrat Louis , Gay Frédéric , Plaindoux Philippe , Winkelmann Clemens B. , Courtois Hervé , Sacépé Benjamin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTopological Josephson junctions designed on the surface of a 3D-topological insulator harbor Majorana bound states among a continuum of conventional Andreev bound states. The distinct feature of these Majorana bound states lies in the 4π-periodicity of their energy-phase relation that yields a fractional ac Josephson effect and a suppression of odd Shapiro steps under radio-frequency irradiation. Yet, recent experiments showed that a few, or only the first, odd Shapiro steps are missing, casting doubts on the interpretation. Here we show that Josephson junctions tailored on the large bandgap 3D-topological insulator Bi2Se3 exhibit a fractional ac Josephson effect acting on the first Shapiro step only. With a modified resistively shunted junction model, we demonstrate that the resilience of higher order odd Shapiro steps can be accounted for by thermal poisoning driven by Joule overheating. Furthermore, we uncover a residual supercurrent at the nodes between Shapiro lobes, which provides a direct and novel signature of the current carried by the Majorana bound states. Our findings showcase the crucial role of thermal effects in topological Josephson junctions and lend support to the Majorana origin of the partial suppression of odd Shapiro steps.
An adapted method for analyzing 4H silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
Authors: Hauck Martin , Lehmeyer Johannes , Pobegen Gregor , Weber Heiko B. , Krieger Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are key devices for next-generation power electronics. However, accurate determination of device parameters from 3-terminal characteristics is hampered by the presence of interface traps. Here we present a method that, in contrast to previous evaluation schemes, explicitly considers those defects. A well-tractable parametrization of the SiC/SiO2-specific interface trap spectrum is introduced that reflects the body of known data. With this ingredient, we develop an analysis that targets for an accurate determination of device parameters from simple 3-terminal characteristics. For its validation, we investigate MOSFETs with significantly different defect densities. The resulting parameters – charge carrier density, mobility and threshold voltage – are in excellent agreement with Hall effect investigations on the very same devices, avoiding systematic errors inherent to conventional evaluation techniques. With this adapted scheme, 4H-SiC power MOSFETs, even packaged, can be meaningfully characterized, speeding up innovation cycles in energy-saving power electronics.
The Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Heart Disease: Section V—Special Situations
Authors: De Caterina Raffaele , Ageno Walter , Agnelli Giancarlo , Chan Noel , Diener Hans-Christoph , Hylek Elaine , Raskob Gary , Siegal Deborah , Verheugt Freek , Lip Gregory , Weitz Jeffrey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNon-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) include dabigatran, which inhibits thrombin, and apixaban, betrixaban, edoxaban and rivaroxaban, which inhibit factor Xa. In large clinical trials comparing the NOACs with the vitamin K antagonist (VKA) warfarin, dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban were at least as effective for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and for treatment of venous thromboembolism, but were associated with less intracranial bleeding. In addition, the NOACs are more convenient to administer than VKAs because they can be given in fixed doses without routine coagulation monitoring. Consequently, the NOACs are now replacing VKAs for these indications, and their use is increasing. Although, as a class, the NOACs have a favourable benefit–risk profile compared with VKAs, choosing among them is complicated because they have not been compared in head-to-head trials. Therefore, selection depends on the results of the individual trials, renal function, the potential for drug–drug interactions and preference for once- or twice-daily dosing. In addition, several ‘special situations’ were not adequately studied in the dedicated clinical trials. For these situations, knowledge of the unique pharmacological features of the various NOACs and judicious cross-trial comparison can help inform prescription choices. The purpose of this position article is therefore to help clinicians choose the right anticoagulant for the right patient at the right dose by reviewing a variety of special situations not widely studied in clinical trials.
Association of Short-Term Mortality of Venous Thromboembolism with Family History of Venous Thromboembolism and Charlson Comorbidity Index
Authors: Zöller Bengt , Pirouzifard MirNabi , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStudies on short-term prognosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) that take family history of VTE and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) into account are sparse. The aim was to investigate the importance of family history of VTE and CCI for short-term mortality after a first episode of VTE. Using Swedish medical databases, we conducted a 90-day nationwide cohort study of 41,700 Swedish born patients with a first-time VTE (July 2005–August 2012). Patients diagnosed with VTE and prescribed anticoagulant treatment were included. Mortality hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined with Cox regression. Patients with first-degree (sibling/parent) family history of VTE (n = 11,405, 27.4%) had significantly lower CCI than those without family history. Independent risk factors for 90-day mortality in the adjusted model were: female sex (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09–1.29), increasing age (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02 per year), pulmonary embolism (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11–1.32) or combined pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis (HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.27–2.01) compared with deep venous thrombosis, CCI = 1 (HR = 2.93, 95% CI: 2.32–3.72), CCI = 2 (HR = 8.65, 95% CI: 7.16–10.46) or CCI = 3 (HR = 22.25, 95% CI: 18.73–26.44) compared with CCI = 0. Having one or two or more affected first-degree relatives with VTE was associated with lower mortality, HR = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.74–0.92) and HR = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.51–0.85), respectively. The mortality rate was 0.70% in patients with a CCI of zero. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the ROC curve for CCI was 0.84 (0.83–0.95). Family history of VTE is associated with lower mortality while CCI is a strong predictor for short-term mortality in VTE. Co-morbidities are important for risk assessment of VTE.
Low Concentrations of Recombinant Factor VIIa May Improve the Impaired Thrombin Generation of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Patients
Authors: Levy-Mendelovich Sarina , Levy Tamara , Budnik Ivan , Barg Assaf , Rosenberg Nurit , Seligsohn Uri , Kenet Gili , Livnat Tami 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare bleeding disorder. The disease is caused by the lack or dysfunction of platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (integrin αIIbβ3) which is essential for platelet aggregation. Bleeding episodes are usually managed by platelet transfusions. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is a common adjunct or alternative treatment option.
Objective This article evaluates GT patients' response to increasing concentrations of rFVIIa using an ex vivo thrombin generation assay to elaborate the knowledge in which rFVIIa treats a platelet dysfunction for bleeding episodes and preoperative management.
Materials and Methods Twenty-four GT patients in a non-bleeding state were enrolled into the study. Thrombin generation was measured in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the presence of 0.7 to 7.0 µg/mL rFVIIa. Clinical data of rFVIIa used to treat GT patients' bleeding episodes was collected, and patients' follow-up course was documented.
Results Thrombin generation was significantly decreased in GT patients compared with controls. An individual response to rFVIIa spiking was noted in GT patients' PRP. In the majority of patients, a significant improvement in thrombin generation was already demonstrated with low concentrations (0.7 µg/mL) of rFVIIa.
Conclusion Thrombin generation is improved in the majority of GT patients following ex vivo spiking with rFVIIa. The magnitude of this improvement is individual and was noted at low concentrations of rFVIIa. There is a need for a prospective clinical trial to find the optimal doses or rFVIIa for treatment of GT patients.
Placental Pathological Findings following Adjusting Enoxaparin Dosage in Thrombophilic Women: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Garmi Gali , Zafran Noah , Okopnik Marina , Gavish Israel , Romano Shabtai , Salim Raed 
Published: December 2018

Objective Randomized trials showed no improvement in pregnancy outcomes with the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to prevent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (PMPCs) among thrombophilic women. However, the effect of treatment on placental findings was not examined. We aimed to examine the occurrence of placental vascular lesions in thrombophilic women treated with LMWH dose adjusted according to anti-factor Xa compared with a fixed dose.
Study Design This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized trial designed to examine whether LMWH dose adjusted according to anti-factor Xa levels compared with a fixed dose would reduce the risk of PMPC. Eligible women were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either a fixed dose of 40 mg daily LMWH (fixed dose group) or adjusted dose according to anti-factor Xa levels (adjusted dose group). Placentas were examined by the same perinatal pathologist who was blinded to group allocation. The primary outcome for this analysis was the incidence of maternal placental vascular lesions.
Results During the study period, 88 placentas were examined; 41 and 47 from the fixed and adjusted dose groups, respectively. Demographics, obstetrics and types of thrombophilias were similar between the groups. Maternal placental vascular lesions were observed in 23 (56.1%) and 21 (44.68%) placentas (p = 0.28) and foetal placental vascular lesions in 2 (4.88%) and 1 (2.13%) placentas (p = 0.59) in the fixed and adjusted groups, respectively.
Conclusion Adjusted dose of enoxaparin according to anti-factor Xa levels compared with a fixed dose did not affect placental vascular lesions in thrombophilic women.
The Prognostic Value of Renal Function in Acute Pulmonary Embolism—A Multi-Centre Cohort Study
Authors: Kostrubiec Maciej , Pływaczewska Magdalena , Jiménez David , Lankeit Mareike , Ciurzynski Michał , Konstantinides Stavros , Pruszczyk Piotr 
Published: December 2018

Background Haemodynamic alterations caused by acute pulmonary embolism (PE) may affect multi-organ function including kidneys. This multi-centre, multinational cohort study aimed to validate the prognostic significance of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and its potential additive value to the current PE risk assessment algorithms.
Methods The post hoc analysis of pooled prospective cohort studies: 2,845 consecutive patients (1,424 M/1,421 F, 66 ± 17 years) with confirmed acute PE and followed up for 180 days. We tested prognostic value of pre-specified eGFR level ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 calculated on admission according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. The primary outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality; the secondary outcomes were PE-related mortality, 180-day all-cause mortality, bleeding and composite outcome (PE-related death, thrombolysis or embolectomy).
Results Two hundred and twenty-three patients (8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7–9%) died within the first 30 days after the diagnosis. The eGFR on admission was significantly lower in non-survivors than in survivors (64 ± 34 vs. 75 ± 3 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.0001). Independent predictors for a fatal outcome included: cancer, systolic blood pressure, older age, hypoxia, eGFR, heart rate and coronary artery disease. The eGFR of ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 independently predicted all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.7–3.0, p < 0.0001), PE-related outcome and clinically relevant bleedings (odds ratio: 0.90 per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI: 0.85–0.95, p = 0.0002). The eGFR assessment significantly improved prognostic models proposed by European guidelines with net re-classification improvement of 0.42 (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion The eGFR of ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 not only independently predicted higher 30- and 180-day all-cause mortality and bleeding events, but when added to the current European Society of Cardiology risk stratification algorithm improved identification of both low- and high-risk patients. Therefore, eGFR calculation should be implemented in the risk assessment of acute PE.
Shoulder Subluxation Pain as a Secondary Indication for Trapezius to Deltoid Transfer
Authors: Elkwood Andrew , Rose Michael , Kaufman Matthew , Patel Tushar , Ashinoff Russell , Saad Adam , Schneider Lisa , Wimmers Eric , Abdollahi Hamid , Yu Deborah 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBrachial plexus injuries can be debilitating. We have observed that manual reduction of the patients' shoulder subluxation improves their pain and have used this as a second reason to perform the trapezius to deltoid muscle transfer beyond motion. The authors report a series of nine patients who all had significant improvement of pain in the shoulder girdle and a decrease in pain medication use after a trapezius to deltoid muscle transfer. All patients were satisfied with the outcomes and stated that they would undergo the procedure again if offered the option. The rate of major complications was low. The aim is not to describe a new technique, but to elevate a secondary indication to a primary for the trapezius to deltoid transfer beyond improving shoulder function: pain relief from chronic shoulder subluxation.
Platelet Glycoprotein VI Haplotypes and the Presentation of Paediatric Sepsis
Authors: Asfari Ahmed , Dent Judith , Corken Adam , Herington Danielle , Kaliki Vamsikrishna , Sra Natasha , Hefley Glenda , Pasala Sanjiv , Prodhan Parthak , Ware Jerry 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSepsis triggers a complex series of pathophysiologic events involving inflammatory responses and coagulation abnormalities. While circulating blood platelets are well-characterized for their contributions to coagulation, increasingly platelet-dependent effects on inflammation are being recognized. Here, we focus on the platelet membrane receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), and its role in platelet microparticle (pMP) release. The GPVI receptor is a platelet-specific collagen membrane receptor that, upon ligand binding, facilitates the release of pMPs. As membrane-bound platelet fragments of less than 1 μm, pMPs are known to have both pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant properties. Thus, pMPs are potentially impacting sepsis at multiple stages of the inflammatory response. Studies are presented documenting the impact of the most common GPVI haplotypes, GPVIa and GPVIb, on pMP levels and release in healthy individuals (n = 49). The GPVIa haplotype corresponds to an approximately twofold increase in circulating pMPs as a percentage of total microparticles in healthy individuals along with a heightened in vitro release of pMPs. Additionally, patients admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 73) with an initial diagnosis of sepsis were recruited and their GPVI haplotypes determined. Septic patients of the GPVIa haplotype (n = 59) were statistically more likely to present with a diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock, as compared with GPVIb individuals (n = 14). Independent disease classification via PELOD-2 and Pediatric Risk of Mortality III scores confirmed individuals with the GPVIa haplotype were more likely to have significant organ failure. Thus, GPVI haplotypes influence pMP levels in the circulation and are predictive of sepsis severity when presenting to the ICU.