bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetrical uncertainties
Authors: Possolo Antonio , Merkatas Christos , Bodnar Olha 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In several disciplines, measurement results occasionally are expressed using coverage intervals that are asymmetric relative to the measured value. The conventional treatment of such results, when there is the need to propagate their uncertainties to derivative quantities, is to replace the asymmetric uncertainties by ‘symmetrized’ versions thereof. We show that such simplification is unnecessary, illustrate how asymmetry may be modeled and recognized explicitly, and propagated using standard Monte Carlo methods. We present three distributions (Fechner, skew-normal, and generalized extreme value), among many available alternatives, that can be used as models for asymmetric uncertainties associated with scalar input quantities, in the context of the measurement model considered in the GUM. We provide an example where such uncertainties are propagated to the uncertainty of a ratio of mass fractions. We also show how a similar, model-based approach can be used in the context of data reductions from interlaboratory studies and other consensus building exercises where the reported uncertainties are expressed asymmetrically, illustrating the approach to obtain consensus estimates of the absorption cross-section of ozone, and of the distance to galaxy M83 in the Virgo cluster.
SoGAT—25 years of improving the measurement of nucleic acids in infectious disease diagnostics (a review)
Authors: Morris Clare , Govind Sheila , Fryer Jacqueline , Almond Neil 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The meeting forum called Standardisation of Genome Amplification Technologies (SoGAT) was established 25 years ago, with the purpose of improving the quality of infectious disease diagnostic data generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and related techniques. This meeting has provided an expert forum to identify and prioritise the needs of the diagnostic community for reference materials established by the World Health Organisation Expert Committee for Biological Standardisation. Reference materials for 30 different infectious agents have been established and are available upon request. The improvement in the measurement of specific nucleic acid sequences of pathogens arising from the availability of their cognate standard and the challenges going forward in this field are discussed.
Rapid identification of impurity in the material surface using mesh-assisted laser-induced plasma technique utilizing pulse CO2 laser
Authors: Khumaeni A , Budi W S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Impurity analysis in the material surface urgently required in various fields such as material sciences and industries. In this research, a new technique was devised based on a pulse CO2 laser. Technically, the surface of the almite material as a material target was covered by a metal mesh. To induce a big-size plasma, the pulse CO2 laser was directed to the metal mesh at an inclining degree of 30° by a ZnSe lens. Using this present technique, some impurities including potassium and calcium in the surface of the almite sample can be detected with the limit of detection of 10 and 5 mg/kg, respectively.
Fabrication and tensile properties of bamboo micro-fibrils (BMF)/poly-lactic acid (PLA) green composite
Authors: Puspita D , Musyarofah L , Hidayah E , Sujito  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this research has been focused on the fabrication of green composites (GC) from emultion-type poly-lactic acid (PLA) biodegradable resin with bamboo micro-fibrils (BMF) reinforcement. BMF were extracted by combination methods: chemical solution and mechanical treatment. The chemical solution: alkalization of 5% (weight/volume) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for 72 hours and bleaching of 2,8% volume natrium hypoclorit (NaClO) for 12 hours. And for mechanical treatment: high speed-blender for up to 30 minute along with the alkalization process. The chemical structure of the resulting cellulose BMF was studied by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The alkalization and bleaching treatment were affected by the BMF cellulose content. Fabrication of green composites with BFC loading from 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of mass were prepared using hot-press molding at constant temperature of 170°C, pressure of 10 MPa and time molding of 10 minutes. Tensile strength and elastic modulus was investigated using computerized Universal Testing Mechines HT-2402 with crosshead speed of 5.0 mm/min. The measurement finding showed that the tensile strength and elastic modulus were affected by the BMF content. The results obtained emphasize the application of bamboo micro-fibrils composites (BMC), as a potential materials in biodegradable based or green composites (GC).
Effect of pressure of laser-induced plasma spectroscopy for zinc element identification in multivitamin
Authors: Achmad S N , Wardaya As Y , Khumaeni A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Identification of zinc elements in 99.9% pure zinc metal and zinc multivitamin tablet samples has been done using Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (LIBS) method. Plasma is generating by laser firing Nd: YAG (1064 nm, 50 mJ, 7 ns). Optimization of laser plasma was performed by varying environmental air pressure and on the spectrum of zinc. The character of samples is displayed in the spectrum line. Spectrum line of 99.9% pure zinc metal shows neutral zinc (Zn I) emission at wavelengths of 280.08, 330.25, 334.50, 472.21, 481.05 and 636.23 nm, and ionic zinc (Zn II) emission of 99.9% pure zinc metal at wavelengths of 250.19 and 255.79 nm. Zinc multivitamin tablet spectrum line shows Zn I emission at the wavelengths as same as 99.9% pure zinc metal of 334.50 and 481.05 nm, which is the intensities of Zn I at a wavelength of 334.50 and 481.05 nm in zinc multivitamin tablet is much higher than in the 99.9% pure zinc metal. The higher the given environmental air pressure, the higher the intensity of the zinc emission spectrum accompanied by high background emission intensity.
Reducing coal consumption by people empowerment using local waste processing unit
Authors: Legino S , Hidayawanti R , Putra I S , Pribadi A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Until the next following decades, energy mixed in Indonesia will be dominated by coal. Many studies assert that biomass can be used as coal substitution but it is not the case in the real world because the cost of biomass is still higher than the coal price. This study proposes the cheaper way of making biomass by using special method of local waste processing unit that has a patented name, TOSS. This kind of biomass, which was invented by STT PLN Jakarta, school of technology, is more economical than other biomass because waste as raw materials is much cheaper than other commonly used biomass like wooden forestry or agroplantations. Many cities in the world are solving their municipal waste problem by using large scale and high tech approach, which process is conducted in the landfill area. TOSS is using small scale and simple technology that can convert waste to become pellet by local people in its source. The pilot project at Klungkung showed that the pellet of TOSS can be used not only for cooking but also for diesel fuel substitution. This study will use that finding to show that TOSS pellet can also reduce coal consumption by mixing it with normal coal. The simulation is conducted by calculating the equivalent energy and capacity of waste energy from TOSS in term of coal equivalent under the context of Indonesia.
Contribution of electro-optics effect on canola oil as a new alternative method for determination of oil quality using transmission and fluorescence polarization
Authors: Afiefah I , Azam M , Sugito H , Firdausi K S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper we studied contribution of electro-optics effect for evaluation of canola oil quality using transmission and fluorescence polarization. The samples were two different quality of canola oils, i.e. edible canola and expired canola based on the date of expiration at the time of measurement. The physical variable of polarization angle was measured using a pair of polarizers from a 532 nm of green pointer laser. The electro-optics effect was produced by applying high DC voltage 0-9 kV on samples. The result shows that the change of polarization angle of expired oil is greater than the good one for both transmission and fluorescence. The increasing polarization angle is accompanied by increasing saturated FAs and decreasing polyunsaturated FAs simultaneously, in agreement with our previous reports.The fluorescence polarization is dependent on the polarizer’s angle of incoming light and has average angle greater than transmission light. The electro-optic fluorescence is twice as electro-optics transmission due to possibly coupling between pure scattering and fluorescence together, in which large size of TG molecules play an important role into the light scattering and fluorescence perpendicular to the incoming light.This fluorescence light method provides more accurate measurement that transmission light and seems powerful comparison to the other spectroscopy methods.
Evaluation of dose radiation on x-ray radiography
Authors: Arifin Z , Hidayanto E , Rahayuningsih B , Putri A A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Evaluated radiation dose and output of general radiographic machine on the thorax and abdomen examination. Radiation output testing on 53 radiographic machine produced 1985-2017 in East Java, Indonesia. For thorax examination, 45-89 kV, 100-200 mA, exposure time 0.01-100 s and abdominal examination, 50-89 kV, 18-320 mA, exposure time is 0.02-100 s. Tests are carried out with the Piranha X-Ray Multimeter. There are reportedly 3 of 53 radiographic machine in the thorax examination as follows: the incident air kerma (INAK), tube output, and entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) rates ranged between 0.019 - 1.604 mGy, 0.0004 - 0.0057 mGy/mAs, and 0.024 - 2.101 mGy. While on abdominal examination, the INAK, tube output, and ESAK rates ranged between 0.009 - 2.710 mGy, 0.014 - 0.072 mGy/mAs, and 0.013 - 3.660 mGy., From data with various brands, general radiographic machine in East Java, for Thorax and Abdomen examination INAK values are below 1,604 mGy, 2,710 mGy, values are below 0.0057 mGy / mAs, 0.072 mGy / mAs, and ESAK values are below 2,101 mGy, 2,710 mGy and still within the limits permitted by the BAPETEN regulation in Indonesia.
Nutrition Assessment of “Kamir” – typical food of Pemalang, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Saraswati L D , Arifan F , Muhammad F , Yuliana RAD , Nissa C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Kamir is one of the special foods in Pemalang which has round shapes, flat, and brown with a variety of jam taste. Kamir is made from flour dough, butter, egg, sugar,“ambon” banana and fermented cassava called tape. Until now, since there has been no research on kamir, we were interested in analyzing nutrition content (carbohydrates, proteins, and fat) found in kamir. We also performed microbiological tests, glycemic index, and rancidity. Carbohydrate content was tested by Luff Schrol method of sugar hydrolysis, a test of protein content used Kjehdahl micro method and fat content test used Soxhletasi fat method. As for bacteria test using Total Plate Count Method (ALT) and with Plate Count Agar media, a glycemic index with Finger-prick capillary blood samples method and for rancidity test by Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) method. Laboratory test results showed that the content of protein, fat, carbohydrate sequentially were 11%, 9.8%, and 28.17%. As for the bacteria test obtained results of 121.06 × 104 CFU/ml. Kamir is safe for consumption following the standards established based on BPOM No. 16 of 2016 standard that is within the standard range of 5 × 104 - 5 × 107 CFU/ml. It is recommended to promote kamir, typical food from Pemalang, to be national food.
Identification of Phenolic acid from ethanol extract leaves binahong (Anredera cordifolia (ten) stennis) and antioxidant activity test
Authors: Fachriyah E , Ayu T , Kusrini D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Stennis) is a plant which comes from Basellaceae family. Also, this plant is also known to have biological activity due to the presence of the bioactive compound. Phenolic acids are bioactive compound and widely used as antioxidants. Identification and testing of antioxidant activity using ethanol extract have been done in this research. Phenolic acids were isolated without hydrolysis (TH fraction), and by acid hydrolysis (fraction HA), and alkaline hydrolysis (HB fraction). Based on the identification using TLC with co-chromatography, UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometer, the ethanolic extract of binahong leaves was allegedly suspected contain p-coumaric acid. Based on the results of quantitative analysis using TLC Scanner, it can be seen that the p-coumaric acid content in fractions TH, HA, and HB, 11.4220%; 2.8642%; and 23.3563%, respectively. The result of the antioxidant activity test on ethanol extract was 866.89831 mg / L, while (IC50) value on isolate B was 1263.3333 mg / L.
Ab Initio Computational Study of electronic structure of -O-C Bonding Formation on Chitosan Polymer-Part 1: Effects of NaOH
Authors: Yuliani Shella V , Salimah S N M , Hudiyanti Dwi , Laksitorini Marlyn Dian , Siahaan Parsaoran 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) is a biopolymer that has water-soluble properties, high viscosity, biocompatibility, biodegradable, and low toxicity. CMC can be made by direct alkylation using monocloroacetic acid to produce chitosan derivatives under certain reaction conditions with NaOH as a catalyst. This research aims to explain one the reaction mechanism of bonding formation of O-C and to compare with the effect of the presence of NaOH as a catalyst. The reaction mechanism of O-CMC formation studied by the computational method. Chitosan polymer is very complex, so the molecule model used for calculation is chitosan dimer segment. The stable molecular structure of chitosan dimer which is involved in the reaction mechanism was optimized using ab initio computational method based on Hartree Fork theory and 6-31G(d,p) basis set. Mechanism of O-CMC synthesis reaction was modeled into SN
2 reaction (bimolecular nucleophilic substitution) which results in PO-CMC-2. The study showed that the -O-C bonding formation by SN
2 model and NaOH as a catalyst was more preferred with an activation energy of 323,321 kJ⋅mol−1 than without NaOH as a catalyst with an activation energy of 533,22 kJ⋅mol−1. The mechanism of the synthesis reaction of O-CMC is an exothermic reaction and spontaneously.
Local stability analysis of an influenza virus transmission model case study: tondano health center in pekalongan city
Authors: Rosyada F S , Widowati  , Hariyanto S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Influenza Virus is an infectious disease caused by the Orthomyxoviridae virus. This paper discussed mathematical modeling that explains the model of the influenza virus transmission with SEIR model, where S is susceptible, E is exposed, I is infected, and R is recovered. Basic reproduction numbers (R
0) are used to analyze the stability of the model. When R
0 less than 1 the virus free equilibrium is stable asymptotically local, while when R
0 greater than 1 the endemic equilibrium is stable asymptotically local. From the numerical simulation results based on data from Pekalongan, Indonesia, it’s found that reproduction number is equal to 0,03492209390.This indicates that the virus free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable and the endemic equilibrium is not locally asymptotically stable, so that there is no virus transmission in Pekalongan.
The parameter estimation of conditional intensity function temporal point process as renewal process using Bayesian method and its application on the data of earthquake in East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Jatiningsih L , Respatiwulan  , Susanti Y , Handayani S S , Hartatik  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A temporal point process is a one-dimensional point process where events are observed by time. A temporal point process can be viewed as a renewal process with time between events as random variables. The conditional intensity function of the process represents the expected rate dependent on time between events so that we can predict earthquakes activities. This research will be discussed about parameters estimation of conditional intensity function using Bayesian method and be applied to earthquake data in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) from January 2015 to April 2018. The ENT is categorized as earthquake prone, because it is flanked by two zones of earthquakes. In southern region there are the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates sub ducted, and in the north there is a back arc thrust. Based on the research results, it was obtained the conditional intensity estimation. The application of conditional intensity estimation represents the expected rate of earthquake occurrence in East Nusa Tenggara at a certain time interval. The time intervals are in units of days. The greatest conditional intensity is at the time interval (day 1096th to 11897th) that is 0.058798617. It means that the probability earthquake occurrence in East Nusa Tenggara at that time period is very low with the total number of occurrences are 28 earthquakes.
Tuberculosis transmission with relapse in Indonesia: susceptible vaccinated infected recovered model
Authors: Widyaningsih P , Nugroho A A , Saputro D R S , Sutanto  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease prevented by the vaccination of Bacillus Calmette-Geurin (BCG). The sufferer is treated by giving the Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS). The patients sometimes do not take the medicine regularly so that the TB-bacteria do not completely vanish from their body. The bacteria only weaken so the patients can be re-infected (relapse). Mathematical modelling can be used to determine TB transmission based on changes in the number of TB patients. By concerning vaccination and relapse factors, a susceptible vaccinated infected recovered (SVIR) model with relapse in TB transmission need to be developed. Indonesia got the second rank in the new case of TB in the world. In the national program of TB prevention, Indonesia has three indicators i.e. prevalence, incidence, and mortality rate. In this article, we derive SVIR model with relapse in TB transmission, then apply the model in Indonesia and measure its accuracy. Furthermore, we also predict the three indicators of TB in Indonesia. The model is nonlinear first-order differential equations. The model is applied in Indonesia by estimating parameters based on 2004-2014 data. Model accuracy is measured based on relative errors in 2015 and 2016. Absolute values of relative error S, V, I, R, and TB incidence are less than 0.1. Thus, the model is said to be quite accurate and can be used to predict the prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of TB in Indonesia. The prediction of these three indicators shows a decline year by year with an average decrease of 1.90% for prevalence and mortality rates and 1.68% for incidence rates.
Linear Programming with Fuzzy Variable Method for Solving Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Problem
Authors: Pratiwi T R , Sunarsih  , Surarso B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The waste load of organic matters in the stabilization ponds is degraded through biological treatment, that is to reduce or decrease the level of pollutants of organic matters by using and utilizing microorganisms. This problem will be solved using a mathematical model, that is linear programming with fuzzy variables on the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The method in the case of Fuzzy Linear Programming (FLP) maximization is done by using simplex fuzzy method. The results of this method can be used as an evaluation method to determine the optimal waste load and the level of degradation of organic matter.
A combination of Rivest Shamir Adlemann (RSA) and Affine Cipher method on improvement of the effectiveness and security of text message
Authors: Jannah M , Surarso B , Sutimin  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Rivest Shamir Adlemann (RSA) method is one of the popular methods in the field of public key cryptography. The strength of the RSA method is based on the difficulty level of factoring of two large prime numbers. If they are factored easily, then we need to use brute force to break the system. In this present, we combined RSA method with classical method, namely Affine Cipher method to improve the level of security on text message. The process of combination RSA method and Affine Cipher method is as follow: first, text message was encryption using Affine Cipher method, then the encryption output is used as input of the RSA method. The results certified that the improvement of the security level of text message can be realized by using the combined method.
Contribution Indonesian Composite Index in PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia stock price model using 2-dimensional Geometric Brownian Motion
Authors: Hoyyi A , Tarno  , Maruddani D A I , Rahmawati R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTheoretically, the movement of the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) is in line with the company’s stock price movements. Hence, it would be appropriate to measure the CSPI contribution to the company’s stock price regarding modeling the company’s stock price. 2-dimensional Geometric Brownian Motion is believed to be the most appropriate model in this case. Therefore, this paper aims to project the share price of PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia in 2018 by considering the CSPI movement. The resulted mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) calculations lead to a conclusion that Prediction with 2-dimensional Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) is more accurate than the individual modeling of stock prices of PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia. PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk’s stock price modeling is more appropriately-used by taking heed on the movement of the Composite Stock Price Index. It is conclusive that the two dimensional geometric Brownian motion model provides an accurate prediction of PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk shares with MAPE is 1.980296%.
Comparison of generalized cross validation and unbiased risk method for selecting optimal knot in spline truncated
Authors: Devi A R , Pratama R F W , Suparti  
Published: June 2019

AbstractGini ratio is an indicator to measure income inequality. Gini ratio of Indonesia in 2017 is 0.391, still far from Gini ratio target by Bappenas in 2019, that is 0.36. The Gini ratio modeling in this study uses a nonparametric regression approach because the form of the regression curve between the Gini ratio and its predictive variables is unknown. One of the estimators in nonparametric regression is spline truncated. Spline truncated has a knot that adjusts to the local characteristics of a function or data more effectively. The number of knots and their location affect the form of regression curve estimation, so it’s important to obtain optimal knot. There are methods for selecting optimal knots, such as Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) and Unbiased Risk (UBR). This study compares GCV and UBR in selecting optimal knots on Gini Ratio data in Indonesia 2017. The criteria of the best model are based on Mean Squared Error (MSE) andR2values. From the result, the optimal knot from GCV was a combination of 3-2-2-3 knot with MSE of 0.00085 andR2of 79.18%. Meanwhile, by using UBR, the optimal knot is three knots with MSE of 0.00095 andR2of 66.42%. In conclusion, GCV generated better model than UBR.