bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Bradycardia Prediction in Preterm Infants Using a Dynamic System Identification Approach
Authors: Bakshi Soovadeep , Feng Tianheng , Chen Dongmei , Li Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChronic bradycardia, or slowing of heart rate, is common in preterm infants, and may often lead to neuropsychiatric disorders, developmental problems, and impaired cognitive functions in the long term. Therefore, early detection and treatment of bradycardia is important. To this end, we present a system identification-based approach to the prediction of bradycardia in preterm infants. This algorithm is based on the notion that the cardiovascular system can be treated as a dynamic system, and that under bradycardia, this system reacts abnormally due to temporal and spatial destabilization. This paper presents a proof-of-concept of the proposed methodology by testing its performance using electrocardiogram (ECG) data collected from ten preterm infants. We show that the proposed algorithm is correctly able to predict bradycardia occurrences (mean area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve = 0.782 and variance = 0.0039) while minimizing the training or burn-in period. The physical interpretation of the results using the system dynamics approach is discussed. The developed algorithm performs well on not only classifying normal to abnormal conditions, but also showing a trend of transition between the two conditions. Future work is also discussed to further improve the algorithm and implement the algorithm in the neonatal intensive care unit. Our proposed method is able to predict bradycardia using only ECG data with minimal training period and can be integrated into an automated system for bradycardia detection and treatment, and therefore, reduce the risks related to bradycardia in preterm infants.
The Effect of Vanes and Blades on Ingress in Gas Turbines
Authors: Hualca Fabian P. , Horwood Joshua T. M. , Sangan Carl M. , Lock Gary D. , Scobie James A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents experimental and computational results using a 1.5-stage test rig designed to investigate the effects of ingress through a double radial overlap rim-seal. The effect of the vanes and blades on ingress was investigated by a series of carefully controlled experiments: first, the position of the vane relative to the rim seal was varied; second, the effect of the rotor blades was isolated using a disk with and without blades. Measurements of steady pressure in the annulus show a strong influence of the vane position. The relationship between sealing effectiveness and purge flowrate exhibited a pronounced inflection for intermediate levels of purge; the inflection did not occur for experiments with a bladeless rotor. Shifting the vane closer to the rim-seal, and therefore the blade, caused a local increase in ingress in the inflection region; again, this effect was not observed for the bladeless experiments. Unsteady pressure measurements at the periphery of the wheel-space revealed the existence of large-scale pressure structures (or instabilities) which depended weakly on the vane position and sealing flowrate. These were measured with and without the blades on the rotor disk. In all cases, these structures rotated close to the disk speed.
Social work supervision in child and family services: Developing a working theory of how and why it works
Authors: Wilkins David 
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION: Does social work supervision work? Social work academics and others have argued repeatedly that we need to focus more attention on understanding whether and how supervision helps improve outcomes for people who use services. As things stand, we currently have little evidence either way—and although the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence, this is far from an ideal situation.APPROACH: Taking inspiration from realist approaches to evaluation, this article sets out an initial working theory of social work supervision for child and family services, developed from an analysis of six significant reviews of the supervision literature. Each review was analysed to identify key contexts, mechanisms and outcomes for supervision.CONCLUSION: Notable gaps within the theory are identified in relation to workers, outcomes for children and families and how supervision can promote a rights-based approach. The article concludes by arguing that this working theory offers the basis for future evaluative studies of supervision.
Efficacy of early controlled motion of the ankle compared with immobilisation in non-operative treatment of patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture: an assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Barfod Kristoffer Weisskirchner , Hansen Maria Swennergren , Hölmich Per , Kristensen Morten Tange , Troelsen Anders 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundEarly controlled motion (ECM) of the ankle is widely used in the non-operative treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture, although its safety and efficacy have not been investigated properly in a randomised set-up.Purpose/Aim of the studyTo investigate if ECM of the ankle was superior to immobilisation in the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture.Materials and methodsThis was an assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial with patients allocated in a 1:1 ratio to one of two parallel groups. Patients aged 18–70 years were eligible for inclusion. The ECM group performed movements of the ankle five times a day from week 3 to week 8 after rupture. The control group was immobilised for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) evaluated at 1-year postinjury. The secondary outcomes were heel-rise work test (HRW), Achilles tendon elongation and rate of rerupture. Analysis was conducted as intention-to-treat using inverse probability weighting.Findings/Results189 patients were assessed for eligibility and 130 were included from February 2014 to December 2016. There were 64 patients in the ECM group and 58 in the immobilisation group. There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.3) between the ECM and the immobilisation groups at 1 year: mean (SD) ATRS was 74 (18) and 75 (18), respectively. HRW was 60% (21) and 60% (21) of the uninjured limb, and elongation was 18 mm (13) and 16 mm (11), respectively. Correspondingly, there were six and seven reruptures.ConclusionsECM revealed no benefit compared with immobilisation in any of the investigated outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT02015364
Sarcocystis rileyi in UK free‐living wildfowl (Anatidae): surveillance, histopathology and first molecular characterisation
Authors: Muir Allan , Ellis Matthew , Blake Damer P , Chantrey Julian , Strong Emily A , Reeves Jonathon P , Cromie Ruth L 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundReports from UK hunters of ‘rice grains’ in muscles of shot wildfowl (Anatidae) coincided temporally with the finding of sarcocystosis in a number of ducks found as part of the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust long‐term general surveillance of found dead waterbirds. Sarcocystis rileyi has also been relatively recently confirmed in wildfowl in north‐eastern Europe.MethodsThis study uses four approaches to investigate UK wildfowl sarcocystosis: first, through a hunter questionnaire that captured historical case data; secondly, through an online reporting system; thirdly, DNA sequencing to characterise UK cases; and fourthly, histological myopathy assessment of infected pectoral muscle.ResultsOur questionnaire results suggest Sarcocystis infection is widely distributed throughout the UK and observed in 10 Anatidae species, reported cases increased since the 2010/2011 shooting season, with the online reporting system reflecting this increase. DNA sequencing (18S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer‐1 region) of UK isolates confirmed S rileyi in the five dabbling duck host species tested and the associated histopathological myopathy is described.ConclusionThis work highlights an emerging issue to European wildfowl species and provides much opportunity for further research, including the impacts of S rileyi and the described myopathy on host health, fitness and survival.
A single mega dose of vitamin D3 improves selected physical variables in vitamin D-deficient young amateur soccer players: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bezrati Ikram , Ben Fradj Mohamed Kacem , Hammami Raouf , Ouerghi Nejmeddine , Padulo Johnny , Feki Moncef 
Published: October 2019

This randomized controlled trial aimed to test whether vitamin D (VD) supplementation affects measures of physical performance in VD-deficient, mildly trained children. Thirty-six recreationally soccer player boys were randomly assigned to single dose (200 000 IU) of VD3 (n = 19) or placebo (n = 17). Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) was assessed and measures of physical performance (i.e., vertical and standing broad jumps, triple hop, 10-m and 30-m sprints, shuttle run) were performed before and 12 weeks after the loading dose. Mixed ANCOVA models were performed and effect size was estimated by partial eta squared (ηp2). Baseline 25-OHD and physical variables were equivalent in the 2 groups. Twelve weeks after VD loading, plasma 25-OHD increased and physical variables improved only in the VD group. There was a significant interaction effects for group by time for vertical jump (F = 14.9, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.394), triple hop jump (F = 24.2, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.513), 10-m (F = 4.46, p = 0.046, ηp2 = 0.162) and 30-m (F = 6.56, p = 0.017, ηp2 = 0.222) sprints, and shuttle run (F = 13.4, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.369). In conclusion, a single bolus of VD3 resulted in significant improvements in jumping ability, agility, and running speed in mildly trained children that are deficient in VD. The findings suggest that correcting VD deficit might be beneficial for physical performance. Novelty A mega dose of VD3 improves jumping ability, agility, and running speed in VD-deficient, mildly trained children. Effect of VD on measures of physical performance is noticeable 3 months after the loading dose.
Distribution of strange particles transverse momentum and rapidity in high energy proton–proton collisions at s = 0.9 TeV at LHC
Authors: Ali Q. , Ali Y. , Tabassam U. , Haseeb M. , Ikram M. 
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we have studied the spectra of strange particles in pp collision at [Formula: see text] = 0.9 TeV by using different simulation models, EPOS-1.99, SIBYLL-2.3c, QGSJETII-04 and EPOS-LHC. The transverse momentum and rapidity distribution in the [Formula: see text] range of [Formula: see text] GeV/c and [Formula: see text] GeV/c, respectively, are investigated for the strange particles, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Similarly, a comparative study is done for the ratio of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity. The validity of simulation models is tested by comparing simulation results to the CMS experimental data at [Formula: see text] = 0.9 TeV. For [Formula: see text] distributions, the EPOS-LHC model in the [Formula: see text] range [Formula: see text] GeV/c, [Formula: see text] GeV/c and in [Formula: see text] GeV/c while EPOS-1.99 model in the [Formula: see text] range [Formula: see text] GeV/c and QGSJETII-04 model in the [Formula: see text] range [Formula: see text] GeV/c as well as, [Formula: see text] GeV/c explain the experimental data well. For the, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] versus transverse momentum distributions, EPOS-LHC model in the [Formula: see text] range of, [Formula: see text] GeV/c and [Formula: see text] GeV/c, EPOS-1.99 model in the [Formula: see text] range, [Formula: see text] GeV/c, SIBYLL-2.3c model in the [Formula: see text] range, [Formula: see text] GeV/c and QGSJETII-04 model in the [Formula: see text] range [Formula: see text] GeV/c explain the experimental data very well. Similarly, for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] versus rapidity distribution QGSJETII-04 predictions in the rapidity region, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], while EPOS-LHC model in the region, [Formula: see text], very well explained the experimental data. Although good comparison of the models predictions with the experimental data is observed, none of them completely describe the experimental data the spectra of strange particles over the entire [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] range.
Contourites along the Iberian continental margins: conceptual and economic implications
Authors: Llave Estefanía , Hernández-Molina F. Javier , García Marga , Ercilla Gemma , Roque Cristina , Juan Carmen , Mena Anxo , Preu Benedict , Van Rooij David , Rebesco Michele , Brackenridge Rachel , Jané Gloria , Gómez-Ballesteros María , Stow Dorrik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This work uses seismic records to document and classify contourite features around the Iberian continental margin to determine their implications for depositional systems and petroleum exploration. Contourites include depositional features (separated, sheeted, plastered and confined drifts), erosional features (abraded surfaces, channels, furrows and moats) and mixed features (contourite terraces). Drifts generally show high- to moderate-amplitude reflectors, which are cyclically intercalated with transparent layers. Transparent layers may represent finer-grained deposits, which can serve as seal rocks. High-amplitude reflectors (HARs) are likely to represent sandier layers, which could form hydrocarbon reservoirs. HARs occur on erosive features (moats and channels), and are clearly developed on contourite terraces and overflow features. Most of the contourite features described here are influenced by Mediterranean water masses throughout their Pliocene and Quaternary history. They specifically record Mediterranean Outflow Water, following its exit through the Gibraltar Strait. This work gives a detailed report on the variation of modern contourite deposits, which can help inform ancient contourite reservoir interpretation. Further research correlating 2D and 3D seismic anomalies with core and well-logging data is needed to develop better diagnostic criteria for contourites. This can help to clarify the role of contourites in petroleum systems.
Sand injectites: from source to emplacement – an example from the Miocene age Frimmersdorf Seam, Garzweiler Open-cast Mine, Lower Rhine Embayment
Authors: Prinz Linda , McCann Tom 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sand injectites are reported from a Miocene-age lignite seam in the Lower Rhine Embayment, which is exploited in the Garzweiler open-cast mine, Germany. Owing to the ongoing mining of the seam, the sand injectite morphology and extent were documented over a 3 year period. The combination of fieldwork, geophysical and drilling well data, as well as a 3D reconstruction of the host unit, reveal that the sand injectites within the Frimmersdorf Seam (= host unit) are highly variable, and include sills, dykes, reticulate (i.e. an interconnected network of thin sand veins) and irregular-shaped sand bodies. The injectites are connected to the underlying Frimmersdorf Sand or the overlying Neurath Sand (= parent sand units), or can be distributed throughout the seam. The differentiation of sand injectites from syn-depositional sand bodies is based on the orientation (discordant/concordant) and the presence of primary sedimentary structures in the latter. The prevailing stress field across the Lower Rhine Basin, and the coeval nature of fault activity, controlled the formation of sand injectites in the region. While such structures have been noted for over 30 years, this study is the first to provide a detailed analysis of these economically important features, including their classification, extent and morphology.
A PI3K/AKT Scaffolding Protein, IQ Motif–Containing GTPase Associating Protein 1 (IQGAP1), Promotes Head and Neck Carcinogenesis
Authors: Wei Tao , Choi Suyong , Buehler Darya , Anderson Richard A. , Lambert Paul F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is frequently implicated in HNC. Recently, IQ motif–containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) was discovered to scaffold the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. IQGAP1 gene expression is increased in HNC, raising the hypothesis that IQGAP1 contributes to HNC.

Experimental Design:
We performed a combination of in vitro studies using human cancer cell lines treated with a cell-permeable peptide that interferes with IQGAP1′s ability to bind to PI3K, and in vivo studies utilizing mice genetically knocked out for the Iqgap1 (Iqgap1−/−). In vivo EGF stimulation assays were used to evaluate PI3K signaling. To study the role of IQGAP1 in HNC, we used a well-validated mouse model that drives HNC via a synthetic oral carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO).

Results:
IQGAP1 is necessary for efficient PI3K signaling in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of IQGAP1-scaffolded PI3K/AKT signaling reduced HNC cell survival. Iqgap1−/− mice had significantly lower cancer incidences, lesser disease severity, and fewer cancer foci. IQGAP1 protein levels were increased in HNC arising in Iqgap1+/+ mice. The level of PI3K signaling in 4NQO-induced HNC arising in Iqgap1−/− mice was significantly reduced, consistent with the hypothesis that IQGAP1 contributes to HNC at least partly through PI3K signaling. High IQGAP1 expression correlated with reduced survival, and high pS6 levels correlated with high IQGAP1 levels in patients with HNC.

Conclusions:
These data demonstrate that IQGAP1 contributes to head and neck carcinogenesis.
Randomized Phase 0/I Trial of the Mitochondrial Inhibitor ME-344 or Placebo Added to Bevacizumab in Early HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Quintela-Fandino Miguel , Morales Serafín , Cortés-Salgado Alfonso , Manso Luis , Apala Juan V. , Muñoz Manuel , Gasol Cudos Ariadna , Salla Fortuny Joel , Gion María , Lopez-Alonso Antonio , Cortés Javier , Guerra Juan , Malón Diego , Caleiras Eduardo , Mulero Francisca , Mouron Silvana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
We previously demonstrated that mitochondrial inhibitors' efficacy was restricted to a metabolic context in which mitochondrial respiration was the predominant energy source, a situation achievable by inducing vascular normalization/hypoxia correction with antiangiogenics. Vascular normalization can be tracked with 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG)-PET. We tested the efficacy of the mitochondrial inhibitor ME-344 or placebo added to bevacizumab in early breast cancer.

Patients and Methods:
Treatment-naïve HER2-negative patients with T &gt; 1 cm (any N) underwent a breast-centered 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET (day 1) and received a single dose of bevacizumab (15 mg/kg), followed by a second FDG-PET (day 8). Patients were then randomized (1:1) to Arm A (ME-344 10 mg/kg intravenous on days 8, 15, and 21) or Arm B (placebo). Tumors were biopsied on days 0 and 29. Succinate dehydrogenase enzyme histochemistry (SDH-EHC), confocal microscopy of vessel architecture, and HIF1α staining were performed in pre- and posttreatment biopsies to assess the pharmacodynamics, vessel normalization, and tissue re-oxygenation by bevacizumab, respectively.

Results:
ME-344 displayed significant biological activity versus placebo: compared with a 186% increase in Arm B, Ki67 decreased by 23.4% from days 0 to 28 in Arm A (P &lt; 0.001) (N = 42 patients). FDG-PET predicted vascular normalization in about one-third of the patients in each arm, which was confirmed using confocal microscopy and HIF1α staining. In the subgroup with vascular normalization, ME-344 induced a Ki67 decrease of 33.4% (placebo: 11.8 increase). SDH-EHC suggested on-target effects of ME-344.

Conclusions:
ME-344 has significant biological antitumor activity in HER2-negative breast cancer, particularly after induction of vascular normalization and tissue reoxygenation with bevacizumab.
SIX1 Regulates Aberrant Endometrial Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Cancer Latency Following Developmental Estrogenic Chemical Exposure
Authors: Suen Alisa A. , Jefferson Wendy N. , Wood Charles E. , Williams Carmen J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Early-life exposure to estrogenic chemicals can increase cancer risk, likely by disrupting normal patterns of cellular differentiation. Female mice exposed neonatally to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) develop metaplastic and neoplastic uterine changes as adults. Abnormal endometrial glands express the oncofetal protein sine oculis homeobox 1 (SIX1) and contain cells with basal [cytokeratin (CK)14+/18−] and poorly differentiated features (CK14+/18+), strongly associating SIX1 with aberrant differentiation and cancer. Here, we tested whether SIX1 expression is necessary for abnormal endometrial differentiation and DES-induced carcinogenesis by using Pgr-cre to generate conditional knockout mice lacking uterine Six1 (Six1d/d). Interestingly, corn oil (CO) vehicle-treated Six1d/d mice develop focal endometrial glandular dysplasia and features of carcinoma in situ as compared with CO wild-type Six1 (Six1+/+) mice. Furthermore, Six1d/d mice neonatally exposed to DES had a 42% higher incidence of endometrial cancer relative to DES Six1+/+ mice. Although DES Six1d/d mice had &gt;10-fold fewer CK14+/18− basal cells within the uterine horns as compared with DES Six1+/+ mice, the appearance of CK14+/18+ cells remained a feature of neoplastic lesions. These findings suggest that SIX1 is required for normal endometrial epithelial differentiation, CK14+/18+ cells act as a cancer progenitor population, and SIX1 delays DES-induced endometrial carcinogenesis by promoting basal differentiation of CK14+/18+ cells. In human endometrial biopsies, 35% of malignancies showed CK14+/18+ expression, which positively correlated with tumor stage and grade and was not present in normal endometrium.

Implications:
Aberrant epithelial differentiation is a key feature in both the DES mouse model of endometrial cancer and human endometrial cancer. The association of CK14+/18+ cells with human endometrial cancer provides a novel cancer biomarker and could lead to new therapeutic strategies.