bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Long-Term Vision
Authors: Marshall Shelley 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter canvasses a long-term vision for improving the lives of poor and precarious workers who work in informal conditions. It proposes a bold, transnational initiative that aims to promote a global living wage and regulate supply chains. The chapter puts forward three interrelated regulatory pathways out of informality. First, the promotion of Global Living Wages through a multilateral instrument such as an International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention or United Nations treaty, which would also establish an International Living Wage disputes mechanism for enforcement of these minima; second, the setting up of National Living Wage Tribunals empowered to hear disputes concerning non-payment of living wages due to supply chain dynamics and to hold parties in the supply chain responsible for non-payment; third, the fostering of local pathways out of informality.
Retrodynamics
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter’s title, ‘Retrodynamics,’ is taken from a term in mechanics when a rotor’s power thrust is generated through inverse and opposite turns, and its general argument is that an analogous kind of backward motion should be seen as integral to the constitution of modernism. This chapter accordingly considers modernism in relation to the science, philosophy, anthropology and geography of the modernist period. It discusses ways in which time is represented ‘inside out’ in the works of Joseph Conrad, Joseph Furphy, and Marcel Proust. It also reads the fiction of James Joyce in relation to the discourses of parallax and empire, arguing that Ulysses brings together different times and places in a global imaginary where past and present, like proximate and distant, creatively interfere with each other.
“The Rage of Caliban”
Authors: Davidson Michael 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter 2 focuses on works that mark the transition from fin de siècle aestheticism to works of high modernism. The primary focus is the role of embodiment in modernist aesthetics, specifically as it appears in music. The chapter looks at several works based on Velázquez’s Las Meninas (1656) in which the figure of the court dwarf represented in the painting becomes a site for anxieties about bodily and sexual difference. Alexander Zemlinsky’s opera Der Zwerg (The Dwarf) from 1922 is the primary text, based on Oscar Wilde’s story “The Birthday of the Infanta” (1891). The libretto for Zemlinsky’s opera by George Klaren transforms Wilde’s story of recognition and betrayal into an allegory of dysgenic characterology, based on the work of Otto Weininger. What Wilde perceived as a story about the noble soul beneath the grotesque body, Zemlinsky transformed into a eugenicist allegory of man’s fatal alliance with the femme fatale. As a work that embodies elements of late Romantic chromaticism as well as modernist atonality, Der Zwerg is a site for studying musical representation of bodily difference.
“Every Man his Specialty”
Authors: Davidson Michael 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 discusses the dialectics of dependency—the interplay between a social contract based on free, equal agents and one that recognizes contingent interrelationships—by looking at one modernist writer, Samuel Beckett, whose work challenges liberal theories of autonomy and independent agency. Beckett’s characters are often disabled and exist in tragi-comic relations of co-dependence that seem to mock communitarian ideals of charity and mutual aid while laying bare the edifice of liberal individualism. Through readings of Happy Days, Rough for Theater I, and Endgame this chapter complicates disability rights’ advocacy of independent living while building upon recent developments in dependency theory advanced by Eva Feder Kittay, Alasdair MacIntyre, and Martha Nussbaum.
Pregnant Men
Authors: Davidson Michael 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 investigates the idea of biofuturity within modernism, focusing specifically on the figure of male maternity in Djuna Barnes’ Nightwood and in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando. Although the figure of the pregnant male occurs in ancient and classical literature it surfaces significantly among modernist works—Apollinaire’s Les Mamelles de Tiresias, Marinetti’s Mafarka the Futurist, Joyce’s Ulysses, Freud’s Schreber case—at a moment when biological life was being reimagined through the optic of eugenic science and comparative anatomy. Representations of the pregnant male foreground the spectacle of reproduction loosed from its putative organic site in the female body and displace it elsewhere—the test tube, the surrogate womb, the male body, and, not insignificantly, the novel. This displacement is both a queering and cripping of normative attitudes toward reproductive health and the futures that such embodiment implies.
Uncanny Encounters
Authors: Davidson Michael 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The emergence of affect theory has returned the body to cultural theory by stressing the phenomenological impact of bodies on other bodies. Chapter 6 opens with a reading of Baudelaire’s “Une Passante” that offers one such instance. Despite its emphasis on what Lauren Berlant calls the “messy dynamics of attachment,” affect theory has not attended to disability where the encounter with the non-traditional body incites emotions of anxiety, confusion, and in some cases solidarity. This chapter explores a structure of feeling around dynamic historical changes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries through works by Sigmund Freud, Frank Norris, Henry James, Virginia Woolf, and Jean Toomer. Each illustrates stages in what Sara Ahmed calls “dramas of contingency” by which world historical changes are registered through quotidian moments of attention and confrontation. These stages mark a trajectory in the novel, from Realism and Naturalism to the modernism of Woolf and Toomer.
‘The Organized Selfishness of Empire’
Authors: Otter Sandra den 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This essay examines T. H. Green’s evolving ideas on empire. Professor of moral philosophy in Oxford until his death in 1882, Green was the most prominent and respected philosophical idealist in Victorian Britain. The influence of his personal example and of his ideas has been traced by Jose Harris and other historians of the welfare state down to the 1940s. Initially enthusiastic for the civilizing mission of empire, Green came to see that any political system or relationship imposed by force, or dependent on coercion or control, was intrinsically incompatible with the ideals of citizenship, voluntarism, and solidarity that define the good community and make possible the self-realization of individuals within it. The essay opens up a new field for discussion and research: the relationship between idealist welfare thinking and imperialism. It argues that empire had a major impact on idealist notions of social welfare.
Richard Titmuss versus the IEA
Authors: Jackson Ben 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
An influential strand of Jose Harris’s research has emphasized the importance of idealist political thought to the rise and fall of the British welfare state. Harris argues that the mid-twentieth-century demise of political theory about social policy left the welfare state vulnerable because its defenders lacked a philosophical discourse with the depth of idealism. This chapter tests this argument by looking in more detail at a case study from the post-1945 discussion about the welfare state: the debate between the group of socialist social policy academics associated with Richard Titmuss and the neo-liberals at the Institute of Economic Affairs spearheaded by Arthur Seldon. The chapter demonstrates that while the defenders of the Beveridgean welfare state lacked theoretical firepower when confronted by a philosophical counterblast from the right, the major weakness of the left’s social policy analysis was in fact a failure to contest the neo-liberal appropriation of economic theory.
Conservative Thinkers and the Post-War State, 1945–79
Authors: Neill Edmund 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the reaction of conservative thinkers between 1945 and 1979 to the growth of the post-war state in Britain. It argues that in the earlier post-war period conservatives were broadly united in opposing the state’s growth on the basis of arguments put forward by the political philosopher Michael Oakeshott. Oakeshott rejected arguments based on libertarianism or natural law, but nevertheless emphasized the importance of upholding individual liberty, stressing the value of traditional constitutional arrangements, private property, patriotism, and the rule of law. However, by the 1960s and 1970s, the challenges of the permissive society, an increasingly large tax burden, and constitutional problems associated with both the EEC and Scottish and Welsh nationalism led to a wide variety of responses. Some stressed the importance of upholding the state’s authority, others the necessity of lowering taxes, and others again the vital nature of constitutional reform.
The Romantic Literary Lecture in Britain
Authors: Zimmerman Sarah 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Public lectures on poetry caught the popular imagination in Britain in the first two decades of the nineteenth century with the performances of John Thelwall, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Thomas Campbell, and William Hazlitt. Lecturers aimed to shape auditors’ reading habits, burnish their critical profiles, and establish a literary canon, but auditors also wielded considerable influence, since their sustained approbation was necessary to a series’ success. A number of oral traditions fed the literary lecture’s development, but it emerged most vitally out of and against the radical speaking culture of the 1790s in which Thelwall and Coleridge had participated, and developed in anxious proximity to an expanding literary marketplace. These pressures informed lecturers’ critical arguments as they debated who should receive a literary education, what works they should read, and for what ends. As historical speaking performances, public lectures demand a methodological approach of their own, because lecturers communicated their arguments with words, physical gestures, facial expressions, and via self-presentation. An interdisciplinary scholarly consensus now recommends approaching these events by gathering as many surviving texts as possible from both parties and situating these performances in their specific times and places. Although women were disallowed from being public literary lecturers, female auditors performed significant cultural roles as patrons, and as hosts and guests at private gatherings that sometimes followed public lectures. Auditors including John Keats, Mary Russell Mitford, Lady Charlotte Bury, and Catherine Maria Fanshawe responded to lectures in conversation, poems, letters, and journal entries that should be considered creative works in their own right.
The Thrush in the Theater
Authors: Zimmerman Sarah 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Hazlitt’s influence on Keats’s poetic development is well known, but as an auditor in Hazlitt’s lectures Keats learned not only from what was said but also from the experience of hearing it live. In the letters and poems written during and after Hazlitt’s first literary series, Keats developed a line of thinking in response to Hazlitt’s disparagement of the quality of “indolence” in James Thomson’s poetry. In an unrhymed sonnet in which the speaker does nothing but hear a thrush sing, Keats developed a poetics of listening as a potentially productive idleness. This insight informed subsequent poems in which the drama is anticipating what another will say and responding to it in the moment. In his letters the recurrent figure of the thrush and an accompanying image of leaves become shorthand for a counter-impulse to the ardent pursuit of what Hazlitt in his lectures called “true fame.”
The Last Word
Authors: Zimmerman Sarah 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Women were welcomed as lecture auditors who could make a series successful, but lecturers, the institutions that sponsored series, and some male auditors also tried to restrict their participation. They were concerned that female auditors might use the education for their own ends or treat lectures as mere fashionable entertainment. Women authors were acknowledged by lecturers only if they were too prominent to be ignored, such as Anna Letitia Barbauld. Female auditors nevertheless exerted considerable influence in non-print media. They acted as hosts and guests at private gatherings, and as informal patrons for lecturers. Mary Russell Mitford attended lectures to acquire a literary education and wrote accounts of performances by Coleridge, Campbell, and Thelwall. Lady Charlotte Bury acted as host and patron to Campbell, and Catherine Maria Fanshawe circulated poems in manuscript that took as subjects the oral cultures in which she moved as valued guest, including public lectures and private gatherings.
What is a Philosophical Question?
Authors: Floridi Luciano 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
There are many ways of understanding the nature of philosophical questions. One may consider their morphology, semantics, relevance, or scope. This chapter introduces a different approach, based on the kind of informational resources required to answer them. The result is a definition of philosophical questions as questions whose answers are in principle open to informed, rational, and honest disagreement, ultimate but not absolute, closed under further questioning, possibly constrained by empirical and logico-mathematical resources, but requiring noetic resources to be answered. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some of the consequences of this definition for a conception of philosophy as the study (or ‘science’) of open questions, which uses conceptual design to analyse and answer them. That is the topic of Chapter 2.
Constructionism as Non-naturalism
Authors: Floridi Luciano 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Philosophical constructionism is far from being relativistic. This chapter will argue that it does not have to be naturalistic either. The discussion begins with a consideration of a strange predicament in which contemporary science seems to be caught. On the one hand, science holds a firm and reasonable commitment to a healthy naturalistic methodology, according to which explanations of natural phenomena should never overstep the limits of the natural itself. On the other hand, contemporary science is also inextricably and now inevitably dependent on ever more complex technologies, especially Information and Communication Technologies, which it exploits as well as fosters. Yet such technologies are increasingly ‘artificializing’ or ‘denaturalizing’ the world, human experiences, and interactions, as well as what qualifies as real. The search for the ultimate explanation of the natural seems to rely upon, and promote, the development of the artificial, seen here as an instantiation of the non-natural. In this chapter, I shall try and find a way out of this apparently strange predicament. I shall argue that the naturalization of our knowledge of the world is either philosophically trivial (naturalism as anti-supernaturalism and anti-preternaturalism), or mistaken (naturalism as anti-constructionism).
Information Quality
Authors: Floridi Luciano 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Knowledge, as a non-natural construction, may be based on our ability to hack the data coming from the world. Two questions now become pressing. The first, addressed in this chapter, concerns the quality of the information we are able to generate, when we are dealing with truthful contents. The second question concerns the truthfulness of such contents and is the subject of Chapter 6. This chapter generalizes the analysis and applies it to a popular topic, that of big data. It is argued that the real epistemological challenge posed by the zettabyte era is small patterns. The chapter focuses on information quality (IQ). Which data may be useful and relevant, and so worth collecting, curating, and querying, in order to exploit their valuable (small) patterns? The chapter argues that the standard way of seeing IQ in terms of being fit-for-purpose is correct but needs to be complemented by the methodology of abstraction introduced in Chapter 2, which allows IQ to be indexed to different purposes.
The Canadian Agendas Project
Authors: Gauvin Jean-Philippe , Montpetit Éric 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Canadian Agendas Project includes a variety of datasets that highlight how the country’s political system shapes policymaking. It started originally as way to study legislative outputs, but the project has grown well beyond its initial objects and goals to embrace a wide set of other research questions and directions. The combination of British parliamentarism with federalism, which concentrates powers in the hands of the executives, is studied through Speeches from the Throne and intergovernmental meetings data. The responsiveness of the legislative branch to public opinion is analyzed through oral questions, legislative bills, and most important question data. Finally, the project also looks at the judiciary and Supreme Court decisions and leaves for appeal.
Croatian Political Agendas
Authors: Širinić Daniela , Čakar Dario Nikić 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Croatian Agendas Project is the newest member of the Comparative Agendas network. The project was set up to investigate agenda-setting of the main political institutions and organizations—political parties, the parliament, the government, and the president—in the last twenty-five years. The dataset’s coverage of the entire life span of a new democracy enables the comparison of agenda-setting between different stages of regime change, but also between large institutional changes such as the change from a semi-presidential to a parliamentary system of government. Finally the project is ultimately also seeking to contribute to comparative research agendas on these and related topics.
Political Agendas in Germany
Authors: Breunig Christian , Schnatterer Tinette 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the German political system and connects its working to agenda-setting theories. Given its institutional configuration, politics and policy-making in Germany is typically described in terms of deliberation, moderation, and gridlock. We introduce six data series—public opinion, party platforms, policy processes, government speeches, parliamentary questions, bills and laws—that comprise agenda-setting in Germany. The data for these political activities are obtained from official sources. We delineate the processing and coding of these series. A brief application that examines the German reunification process illustrates the potential of the database. The illustration shows that reunification has not really been politicized but occupied considerable agenda space in government speeches and legislation.
The Hungarian Agendas Project
Authors: Boda Zsolt , Sebők Miklós 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The chapter presents the Hungarian Comparative Agendas Project. It delineates its origins at the Centre for Social Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and situates it in the context of Hungarian political science. The project developed numerous databases, including those on budgets, laws, decrees, parliamentary speeches, newspaper articles, and public opinion polls. Due to the post-communist political development of Hungary our country project shows some specificities vis-à-vis more established projects. First, the codebook includes a few country-specific minor topic codes (such as those related to post-communist restitution) that are directly linked in to the comparative codebook (therefore our results remain fully comparable). Second, one added value of some of our datasets is their relative length which—in some cases—covers multiple centuries as well as various political regimes, including non-democratic ones. This allows for not only cross-country comparative analysis but also for comparing policy agendas in different regimes.
The Swiss Policy Agendas Project
Authors: Gava Roy , Sciarini Pascal , Tresch Anke , Varone Frédéric 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the Swiss political system and adopts an issue attention approach to explore one of its defining institutions: direct democracy. By means of referenda and popular initiatives, voters regularly decide on the continuity and change of policies. Welfare and education (27%) and environment, energy, and transportation (21%) account for almost half of all the votes during the period 1990–2014. The direct democracy venue is often activated as a result of citizens’ pressure (“bottom-up”). However, the majority of these bottom-up proposals are refused by voters. Policy change through direct democracy occurs more frequently in a “top-down” manner, when political elites are required by constitutional rules to put the fate of some of their most important decisions to the ballot box.
The EU Policy Agendas Project
Authors: Alexandrova Petya 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The EU Policy Agendas Project (EUPAP) was initially developed by Sebastiaan Princen in the context of his work on agenda-setting in the European Union. The first large data collection project focused on the European Council and was carried out in the Netherlands and Italy under the coordination of Petya Alexandrova and Marcello Carammia and with the participation of Arco Timmermans and Sebastiaan Princen. The EUPAP has developed in a decentralized network with researchers of other country Agendas Projects and scholars outside this community embracing the approach and developing new datasets.
From Public to Publics
Authors: Cavari Amnon , Freedman Guy 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A rich body of work examines the public agenda in democratic countries. These studies rely on aggregate responses to survey questions that ask respondents to report their issue priorities—commonly using topline data of the most important problem survey series (MIP). This research design, however, is not sensitive to differences in issue priorities between individuals and groups and, therefore, fails to account for the possible variation within the general public. To overcome this neglect in existing literature, we examine individual-level responses to the most important problem question in two countries—the United States and Israel—focusing specifically on economic and foreign policy priorities. We reveal that beyond aggregate trends in the public agenda, socio-demographic factors in both countries explain some of the variation in issue dynamics.
Introduction
Authors: Kesselring K.J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter surveys the existing scholarship on the declining incidence of homicide and on the changing legal definitions of murder and manslaughter in early modern England, adds to it the results of new research on both subjects, and explains why we ought to view these two changes alongside each other and as linked. It explains, too, the ways in which homicide might beneficially be viewed through a political lens, and sets out the argument that homicide became, in these years, increasingly ‘public’. That is, people came to see homicide increasingly as an offence not just against individuals and their kin, but also against a ‘king’s peace’ that was in turn being reconceptualized as belonging to a bigger, broader community.