bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coming up short: generative network models fail to accurately capture long-range connectivity
Authors: Oldham Stuart , Fornito Alex , Ball Gareth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGenerative network models (GNMs) have been proposed to identify the mechanisms/constraints that shape the organisation of the connectome. These models most commonly parameterise the formation of inter-regional axonal connections using a trade-off between connection cost and some measure of topological complexity or functional value. Despite its simplicity, GNMs can generate synthetic networks that capture many topological properties of empirical brain networks. However, current models often fail to capture the spatial embedding––i.e., the topography––of many such properties, such as the anatomical location of network hubs. In this study, we investigate a diverse array of generative network model formulations and find that none can accurately capture empirical patterns of long-range connectivity. We demonstrate that the spatial embedding of long-range connections is critical in defining hub locations and that it is precisely these connections that are poorly captured by extant models. We further show how standard metrics used for model optimisation and evaluation fail to capture the true correspondence between synthetic and empirical brain networks. Overall, our findings demonstrate common failure modes of GNMs, identify why these models do not fully capture brain network organisation, and suggest ways the field can move forward to address these challenges.Author summaryGenerative network models aim to explain the organisation of connectomes using simple wiring rules. While these models replicate topological features of brain networks, they do not to capture key topographical properties, like the anatomical location of network hubs. We show that this failure occurs because the models are unable to accurately capture the spatial position of long-range inter-regional connections. Standard measures used for model evaluation also fail to accurately quantify the similarity between model and empirical networks. This study identifies how and why limitations of current generative models occur and suggests ways forward for improved practices.
A lyophilized open-source RT-LAMP assay for molecular diagnostics in resource-limited settings
Authors: Matl Martin , Kellner Max J. , Ansah Felix , Grishkovskaya Irina , Handler Dominik , Heinen Robert , Bauer Benedikt , Menéndez-Arias Luis , Auer Thomas O. , Prieto-Godino Lucia L. , Penninger Josef M. ,   Vienna Covid-19 Detection Initiative (VCDI), Awandare Gordon A. , Brennecke Julius , Pauli Andrea 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA critical bottleneck for equitable access to population-scale molecular diagnostics is the limited availability of rapid, inexpensive point-of-care tests especially in low- and middle-income countries. Here, we developed an open-sourceReverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification(RT-LAMP) molecular assay for the detection of respiratory RNA virus infections. It is based on non-proprietary enzymes, namely HIV-1 reverse transcriptase,BstLF DNA polymerase and UDG BMTU thermolabile uracil DNA glycosylase. Formulated as liquid or lyophilized reaction mixtures, these reagents enable sensitive colorimetric detection of respiratory samples without the need for prior nucleic acid isolation. We evaluated our open-source lyophilized RT-LAMP assay on clinical samples with suspected COVID-19 infection, demonstrating high sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to the gold standardReverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Reaction performance was unaffected by prolonged storage of lyophilized reagents at ambient or elevated temperatures. As a proof of concept, we evaluated the robustness and ease-of-use of lyophilized RT-LAMP reaction mixes through independent laboratory testing of COVID-19 samples in Ghana. Overall, our open-source RT-LAMP assay provides a flexible and scalable point-of-care test that can be adapted for rapid detection of various pathogens in resource-limited settings.
Molecular Polymorphism of tau aggregates in Pick’s disease
Authors: Liu Jiliang , Stewart Theresa Connors , Hyman Bradley T. , Burghammer Manfred , Cotte Marine , Makowski Lee 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTau protein plays a central role in many neuropathies. The trajectory by which tau spreads through neural networks is disease-specific but the events driving progression are unknown. This is due in part to the challenge of characterizing tau aggregatesin situ. We address that challenge usingin situmicro-x-ray diffraction (µXRD) and micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) to examine tau lesions in the brain of a 79-year-old male with dementia. Neuropathological examination revealed classical forms of tau in the hippocampal formation: extensive Pick bodies in the granular layer; modest numbers of neurofibrillary tangles and dystrophic neurites in the CA4 and hilus. µXRD indicated that Pick bodies are low in fibril content, whereas neurofibrillary lesions within adjacent tissue exhibit far greater density of fibrillar tau. μXRF demonstrated elevated levels of zinc, calcium and phosphorous in all tau-containing lesions whereas sulfur deposition was greatest in lesions exhibiting high fibrillar content. Correlation of lesion morphology with anatomical localization, tau fibrillation and differential elemental accumulation suggests tau fibrils generate biochemically distinct microenvironments that influence lesion morphology, tau seed formation and spreading.
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum simulation of the one-dimensional wave equation
Authors: Wright Lewis , Mc Keever Conor , First Jeremy T. , Johnston Rory , Tillay Jeremy , Chaney Skylar , Rosenkranz Matthias , Lubasch Michael 
Published: November 2024

We design and implement quantum circuits for the simulation of the one-dimensional wave equation on the Quantinuum H1-1 quantum computer. The circuit depth of our approach scales as O(n2) for n qubits representing the solution on 2n grid points, and leads to infidelities of O(2−4nt2) for simulation time t assuming smooth initial conditions. By varying the qubit count we study the interplay between the algorithmic and physical gate errors to identify the optimal working point of minimum total error. Our approach to simulating the wave equation can be used with appropriate state preparation algorithms across different quantum processors and serve as an application-oriented benchmark.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Investigation into electrochemical machining of aviation grade inconel 625 super alloy: an experimental study with advanced optimization and microstructural analysis
Authors: Painuly Madhusudan , Singh Ravi Pratap , Trehan Rajeev 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This article targeted to experimentally examine the impact of several considered process parameters namely, applied voltage (AV), tool feed rate, electrolyte concentration and pulse frequency (PF), on the material removal rate (MRR) and radial overcut (ROC) while performing shaped tube drilling of aviation grade Inconel 625 super alloy through electrochemical machining principle. Further, an attempt has also been made to develop mathematical models for the process responses along with advanced optimization with evolutionary methods.

Design/methodology/approach
The central composite rotatable design matrix was used to scheme out the experiments in the present study. The consistency and accuracy of the developed mathematical models were confirmed through statistical results. Additionally, a field emission scanning electron microscope analysis was conducted to assess and analyze the microstructure of the machined work samples. The study also seeks to optimize the selected process inputs for MRR and ROC through the implementation of the desirability method, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO).

Findings
The ROC is significantly influenced by the input parameters, specifically the PF and AV. Less ROC values were observed when the high PF with moderate AV. The minimum and maximum values of ROC and MRR were obtained as; 135.128 µm and 380.720 µm; 1.37 mg/min and 2.3707 mg/min, correspondingly. The best optimized confirmatory results were obtained through the TLBO approach, with an MRR value of 3.1587 mg/min and a ROC of 71.9629 µm, in comparison to the PSO and desirability approaches.

Originality/value
The various challenges associated with the productive machining of aviation grade Inconel 625 superalloy have been explored experimentally. The conducted experimentation has been performed on the in-house fabricated micro-electrochemical setup capable of performing a variety of advanced machining operations at the miniaturized level. Further, the application of shaped tube drilling while processing aviation grade Inconel 625 superalloy has been explored with the developed micro-ECM set-up. Moreover, the performed microstructure analysis of the machined work samples has elaborated and explored the various associated surface integrity aspects which are quite crucial when it comes to real-life aerospace-related applications. The utility of designed experiments has further made the attempted experimental analysis more fruitful and qualitative too.
Engaging workers with disabilities in the financial sector: exploring promising practices through key informant interviews and a rapid literature review
Authors: Buettgen Alexis , Gardiola Andrea , Tompa Emile 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study explores the challenges, barriers and opportunities for engaging persons with disabilities in employment in the Canadian financial sector.Design/methodology/approachWe situated this research within a critical disability conceptual framework to add to existing theories of employee engagement. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study of key informant interviews of the experiences of diverse persons with disabilities in the Canadian financial sector.FindingsWe found that the financial sector has the potential to be a leader in the engagement of workers with disabilities. Key challenges include corporate bureaucracy and a focus on aggressive growth that perpetuates ableist norms of individualism, self-reliance and competitive achievement. Key informant interviews indicated that opportunities for engagement can be fostered by committed leadership, inclusive corporate culture, supportive management, and respectful and responsive workplace accommodations.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the literature on opportunities for equity, diversity and inclusion at work through a critical exploration of the challenges and promising practices associated with supporting engagement of persons with disabilities in the Canadian financial sector and beyond.
A semantic network analysis of categorization in open government data portals
Authors: Park Eun G. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the semantic relationships between category terms that are used in open government data (OGD) portals and those identified in policy documents through the implementation of a semantic network analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was conducted in three stages. Firstly, the study examined the semantic relationships between category terms in OGD portals by constructing a similarity matrix based on the terms’ co-occurrence and visualizing six-word groups. Secondly, the study investigated the semantic relationships among terms in OGD policy documents using latent semantic analysis and community detection methods, resulting in the identification and visualization of three network groups. Finally, the study used chi-squared and Z-tests to analyse differences in category terms between countries with and without redefined categories.

Findings
The results indicate that the three-word groups were identified by community detection, covering various aspects of government. In addition, there is a significant difference between the two country groups, with category terms being more prevalent in countries with predefined categories. This emphasizes the impact of categorization on term prevalence within OGD portals.

Originality/value
This study uniquely focuses on the categorization of government portals for sustainable open data management. The findings underscore the importance of effectively structuring and organizing data categories to enhance user discoverability and accessibility in OGD portals.
How leader’s psychological entitlement leads to despotic leadership causing employee-instigated workplace incivility: mediation of emotional exhaustion and moderation of Islamic work ethics
Authors: Raza Muhammad Ali , Imran Muhammad , Pervaiz Uzma , Khan Muhammad Jamil 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Leadership’s dark side has been on the rise, negatively affecting organizations. The phenomenon, however, is not as simple as it seems. Based on social exchange and conservation of resource theories, current research aims to explore the impact of psychological entitlement on despotic leadership, ultimately leading to instigated workplace incivility. Moreover, emotional exhaustion was tested as a mediator and Islamic work ethics as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach
This study aims to examine the effect of dark side of leadership and for this, the survey approach was used to collect data from 402 bankers from Pakistan’s twin cities (Islamabad and Rawalpindi).

Findings
The results showed that psychological entitlement leads to despotism and despotic leaders become a reason for instigated workplace incivility. Results also showed that emotional exhaustion mediated, and Islamic work ethics moderated the relationship.

Practical implications
Bankers have a demanding job which is further exacerbated by despotic leaders feeling psychologically entitled and instigating employees toward uncivil behaviors as they experience emotional exhaustion. Despotic leaders need to be dealt with to reduce instigated incivility and Islamic work ethics can also aid in improving employee behavior.

Originality/value
Literature available on both antecedents and effects of the leadership’s dark side is limited, and this study strives to contribute by extending the literature available on psychological entitlement, despotic leadership and instigated workplace incivility relationships.
The impact of home institutions on the internationalization of emerging market SMEs: a systematic review
Authors: Kumari Sushma , Shirodkar Vikrant , McGuire Steven 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review literature on home-country institutional factors influencing the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from emerging markets. Based on the analysis, the authors propose a research agenda to guide future studies in this field.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper follows a systematic procedure to review 58 selected articles on how institutional contexts in emerging economies impact SME internationalization, covering studies from 1999 to 2023. This period was chosen to capture recent research following the post-1990 market liberalization in most emerging economies, which has shaped new opportunities and challenges for SMEs expanding abroad.

Findings
This literature review shows that SMEs’ internationalization knowledge in emerging markets is strongly shaped by home-country institutional conditions. Key mechanisms include imprinting by home institutions and learning from domestic institutional sources, both critical yet underexplored areas in SME development. These processes offer substantial opportunities for future research into how institutional contexts influence SMEs’ global growth.

Originality/value
This research builds on previous studies that have emphasized firm-level and external factors such as host market appeal, consumer needs and resource availability driving SMEs’ internationalization. Focusing on home institutional factors, the authors provide a comprehensive review of academic studies and propose a future research agenda on the external institutional influences shaping emerging market SMEs’ global expansion.
Red cabbage and eggshell powder as active agent on cassava starch-based edible films: its physicochemical properties and application
Authors: Jati Ignasius Radix A.P. , Kamaluddin Michael Angelo , Utomo Adrianus Rulianto , Setijawaty Erni , Edward Edward , Nugraha David Tjandra 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the application of red cabbage extract in biodegradable composite-based edible film and evaluate its physicochemical characteristics and ability to be used in steamed chicken packaging.

Design/methodology/approach
Cassava starch, gelatin and glycerol were used as basic materials for edible film. Red cabbage extract was infused, and eggshell powder was also incorporated. The smart edible film formulation consists of six treatments which are C (control: cassava starch + gelatin + glycerol), CE (control + 0.1% eggshell powder), CRA (control + red cabbage A ratio), CERA (control + 0.1% eggshell powder + red cabbage A ratio), CERB (control + 0.1% eggshell powder + red cabbage B ratio) and CERC (control + 0.1% eggshell powder + red cabbage C ratio).

Findings
The different ratios of red cabbage extract in the formulation of the edible film affected its physicochemical properties (p < 0.05). The range of anthocyanin content were 0.39–11.53 mg cy-3-glu-eq/100 g and phenolic content were 19.87–369.68 mg GAE/100 g. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity was 12.35%–51.09%. The tensile strength in all treatments was lower than control and adding red cabbage extract decreased the tensile strength. On the other hand, the elongation increased. The water vapor transmission rate was ranged from 158.09 to 191.19 g/m2/24 h. Morphological changes can be observed from scanning electron microscopy and optical data. Furthermore, using steamed chicken as a model, the edible film can show a response through the changes in edible film color, as confirmed by the pH value, total plate count and sensory quality of the stored steamed chicken.

Originality/value
There is no report available on the infusion of red cabbage extract on the bio composite edible film materials. The result shows a promising packaging material that can be used as an alternative to plastic packaging.
A ‘how‐to’ guide for estimating animal diel activity using hierarchical models
Authors: Iannarilli Fabiola , Gerber Brian D. , Erb John , Fieberg John R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Animal diel activity patterns can aid understanding of (a) how species behaviourally adapt to anthropogenic and natural disturbances, (b) mechanisms of species co‐existence through temporal partitioning, and (c) community or ecosystem effects of diel activity shifts.

Activity patterns often vary spatially, a feature ignored by the kernel density estimators (KDEs) currently used for estimating diel activity. Ignoring this source of heterogeneity may lead to biased estimates of uncertainty and misleading conclusions regarding the drivers of diel activity. Thus, there is a need for more flexible statistical approaches for estimating activity patterns and testing hypotheses regarding their biotic and abiotic drivers.

We illustrate how trigonometric terms and cyclic cubic splines combined with hierarchical models can provide a valuable alternative to KDEs. Like KDEs, these models accommodate circular data, but they can also account for site‐to‐site and other sources of variability, correlation amongst repeated measures, and variable sampling effort. They can also more readily quantify and test hypotheses related to the effects of covariates on activity patterns.

Through empirical case studies, we illustrate how hierarchical models can quantify changes in activity levels due to seasonality and in response to biotic and abiotic factors (e.g. anthropogenic stressors and co‐occurrence). We also describe frequentist and Bayesian approaches for quantifying site‐specific (conditional) and population‐averaged (marginal) activity patterns.

We provide guidelines and tutorials with detailed step‐by‐step instructions for fitting and interpreting hierarchical models applied to time‐stamped data, such as those recorded by camera traps and audio recorders. We conclude that this approach offers a viable, flexible, and effective alternative to KDEs when modelling animal activity patterns.
A nonlinear association between total selenium intake and blood selenium concentration: An analysis based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018
Authors: Bai Ya‐Zhi , Li Jia‐Meng , Zhang Shuang‐Qing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDiets are the major sources of selenium (Se) and biomonitoring Se is used for the assessment of Se status. The present study explored the association between Se intake and blood Se concentration from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018 data for optimizing Se reference intakes among American adults and interpreted the data in the context of exposure guidance values. Weighted linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between Se intake and blood Se concentration. Restricted cubic spline models were employed to explore the dose–response association between total Se intake and blood Se concentration. Blood Se concentrations were compared to biomonitoring equivalents established for exposure guidance values. For gender, race, educational status, poverty income ratio, body mass index, smoking status, dietary Se intake, and total Se intake, significant differences were observed among quartiles of blood Se concentration. There was no significant difference for age and alcohol use. There was a positive association between dietary Se intake and blood Se concentration although the association was not statistically significant following the adjustments for covariates. When the associations between total Se intake and blood Se concentration were assessed, no statistically significant relationship was found. The restricted cubic spline supported a significant nonlinear association between total Se intake and blood Se concentration with/without the adjustments of covariates. The present work displayed a baseline for Se exposure among American adults. Considering the sex difference in dietary Se and blood Se concentration, it is necessary to establish gender‐based Se reference intakes.