bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN HIAS PLATYDORAS (Platydoras costatus) DALAM TEKNOLOGI BIOFLOK
Authors: Teduh Ahmad , Muarif Muarif , Rosmawati Rosmawati 
Published: April 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan hias Platydoras (Platidoras costatus) yang dipelihara dengan menggunakan teknologi bioflok. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 2 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah: Perlakuan A (Tanpa Bioflok), B (Dengan Bioflok). Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan hias Platydoras yang memiliki panjang 1,9–2,1 cm. Ikan dipelihara selama 40 hari dan diberi pakan 2 kali sehari. Parameter yang diamati meliputi laju pertumbuhan harian, kelangsungan hidup, pengukuran kualitas air dan kepadatan bakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan bioflok memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) terhadap laju pertumbuhan harian, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup (SR). Kepadatan bakteri di awal penelitian (9.6x104 CFU/ml), pada akhir penelitian memiliki nilai rata-rata pada perlakuan tanpa bioflok berkisar 7.84x105 CFU/ml sedangkan nilai rata-rata pada perlakuan bioflok berkisar 4,3 x106 CFU/ml, Hasil indentifikasi pada awal penelitian terdapat 4 jenis bakteri yaitu Streptobacillus sp, Enterobacter sp, Kurthia sp, Aeromonas sp. pada akhir penelitian terdapat 2 jenis bakteri pada perlakuan tanpa bioflok (Streptobacillus sp dan Aeromonas sp) dan 2 jenis bakteri pada perlakuan bioflok (Streptobacillus sp dan Kurthia sp.). Kata Kunci: bioflok, pertumbuhan, platydoras, jenis bakteri.GROWTH AND GOING FISH LIFE PLATYDORAS (Platydoras costatus) FISH IN BIOFLOK TECHNOLOGYABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to know the growth and survival of Platydoras ornamental fish (Platidoras costatus) which is maintained by using biofloc technology. This study used Completely Randomized Design with 2 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments in this study were: Treatment A (Without Biofluok), B (With Bioflok). The test fish used are Platydoras ornamental fish that has a length of 1.9-2.1 cm. Fish kept for 40 days and fed 2 times a day. The parameters observed included daily growth rate, survival, water quality measurement and bacterial density. The results showed that the addition of bioflock gave significant different effect (P <0,05) to daily growth rate, and survival rate (SR). The density of the bacteria at the start of the study (9.6x104 CFU / ml), at the end of the study had an average value of treatment without biofloc ranging from 7.84x105 CFU / ml while the mean value of biofloc treatment ranged from 4.3 x106 CFU / ml, at the beginning of the study there were 4 types of bacteria: Streptobacillus sp, Enterobacter sp, Kurthia sp, Aeromonas sp. at the end of the study there were 2 types of bacteria on treatment without biofloc (Streptobacillus sp and Aeromonas sp) and 2 types of bacteria on biofloc treatment (Streptobacillus sp and Kurthia sp.).
ENERGY METABOLISM AND CORN RATIONS COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKENS ON BROILER REJECTED
Authors: Wahyudi Febi Tri , Sudrajat Deden , Malik Burhanudin 
Published: April 2018

One of the information needed by farmers is information about nutrition ration poultry in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). This study aims to determine the value of energy metabolism in commercial chicken rations. Determination of energy metabolism was conducted by Farrel in which chickens were fed like a chicken eating chicken feed itself and previously fasted for 24 hours and still be drinking. The ration of treatment used is feed corn, feed rations BR1 and BR2. Chickens were given time for 2 hours to eat the feed later in the fasting. After fasting rationing and the chicken will issue feces, to prevent the evaporation of nitrogen in the feces spraying by the use of H2SO4 concentration 0,01%. Chicken feces then dried and analyzed by the laboratory using a bomb calorimeter. The data in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test. Corn research results show that the energy metabolism in the feed ration obtained BR1 3.048 kcal/kg and BR2 3.237 kcal/kg. The result can be concluded that the value is in compliance with EM EM minimum value required in SNI minimum of 2.900 kcal / kg with a value of EM listed on the label.Keywords: Energy Metabolism, Commercial feed, Corn
THE EFFICACY OF PAPAYA LEAF EXTRACT INCLUSION IN DRINKING WATER AS AN IMPROVING OF LAYER QUAIL PRODUCTION
Authors: Kusbiyantari Asri , Kardaya Dede , Sudrajat Deden 
Published: April 2018

Bacterial resistance to antibiotic has made the reduction in the use of antibiotic a concern in animal production. The restriction of antibiotic application in animal production can be achieved if the antimicrobial strategy is available. Papaya leaf extract has some antibacterial properties that make it is potential to be used as a substitute for commercial antibiotic. This study was aimed at assessing the efficacy and potential of papaya leaf extract inclusion in drinking water in controlling pathogenic bacteria and improving the production efficiency and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of layer quails. The study was conducted from 24 August to 20 September 2016 at the poultry farm of Department of Animal Husbandry, Djuanda University, Bogor. One-hundred layer quails were allocated into 4 treatments and 3 replicates in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of five levels of papaya leaf extract inclusions in drinking water , namely drinking water + commercial antibiotic of 0.5 g/liter water (R1), drinking water + papaya leaf extract of 10 ml/liter water (R2), drinking water + papaya leaf extract of 20 ml/liter water (R3), and drinking water + papaya leaf extract of 30 ml/liter water (R4). Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and a Duncan test. Results showed that the inclusion of papaya leaf extract in drinking water gave significant effects on egg mass, egg production efficiency, FCR, egg quality index, and egg shell thickness but not on feed intake, egg weight, and mortality rate. It was concluded that papaya leaf extract produced by a boiling method could be used as a substitute for synthetic antibiotic. Key words: Papaya leaf extract, production efficiency, feed conversion, layer quail.
The Maxim of Order from Teachers’ Perspective
Authors: Kandel Ganesh Kumar 
Published: April 2018

This article reports the perception of teachers towards the maxim of order. It also tries to reflect the teachers’ classroom behaviours or culture of teaching. It is physical reflection of their maxim that they have developed in their mind about different aspects of ELT. The researcher used classroom observation and interview as research tools. Ten teachers were the respondents in this study. These ten teachers were interviewed and three classes of each teacher were observed to obtain required information. Most of the respondents reported that they prefer calm, peaceful, ordered and disciplined classes. They provided several reasons to support their views. They expressed their positive and supporting view towards the maxim of order. The disciplined and ordered classroom is justified in this research. They argued that disciplined and ordered classroom assists the teachers to conduct their activities in comfortable way in the classroom and assists students to grasp what teacher offers them.Journal of NELTA Surkhet, Vol. 5 January, 2018
Mother Tongue Education: A Quest of Quality and Access in Education
Authors: Khadka Bishnu Kumar 
Published: April 2018

As it is claimed and is the ground reality that language is not everything but everything is nothing in education without language. Moreover, language shapes the learning and learning begins with language. In this regards, this article attempts to review the multilingual perspectives in terms of access and quality in education through mother tongue based education advocacy. It is theoretical in nature which is based on the secondary sources of theoretical review and tries to justify with policy and practice based rational for mother tongue education in Nepalese context.Journal of NELTA Surkhet, Vol. 5 January, 2018, Page: 65-74
Learning to Read and Reading to Learn in English
Authors: Pokharel Parbati Kumari 
Published: April 2018

Reading is one of key language skills which enables the readers to learn many things i.e. reading is the gateway of knowledge. Enabling the readers to read in English is one of the major issue in ELT. This article defines reading as the key skill with various reading strategies and comprehension as the goal of reading. It is based on the secondary sources of data basically based on the review of related literature and attempts to review on learning to read and reading to learn in English in particular.Journal of NELTA Surkhet, Vol. 5 January, 2018, Page: 75-81
Critical Incidents for Teachers’ Professional Development
Authors: Joshi Khem Raj 
Published: April 2018

Analysis of critical incidents is one of the approaches of teacher professional development. A critical incident is any unplanned event which takes place during the class. It is something we interpret as a problem or challenge in a particular context, rather than a routine occurrence. The incident is said to be critical because it is valuable and has some meaning. In other words, incidents happen but critical incidents are created because of their importance. Teachers can critically analyze any of their lessons and can make a particular event critical by reflecting on it. The teachers ask not only what happened but also why it happened. They then use the incidents for future reference. This article deals with the benefits of critical incidents and the ways to analyze them, which lead to successful teacher professional development.Journal of NELTA Surkhet, Vol. 5 January, 2018f, Page: 82-88
Multistaged, multidirectional strategy for safe removal of large meningiomas in the pineal region
Authors: Otani Naoki , Mori Kentaro , Wada Kojiro , Tomiyama Arata , Toyooka Terushige , Takeuchi Satoru 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVEPineal region meningiomas are rare and tend to be discovered only after they grow. Several simultaneous multidirectional approaches performed as a single operation have been proposed, but the best strategy to remove these deeply situated large meningiomas involving the deep vital venous system remains to be established. The authors advocate a multistaged, multidirectional approach to safely remove these challenging tumors.METHODSFour consecutive cases of meningioma in the pineal region were treated between April 2013 and June 2016. The 3 large (> 40 mm diameter) tumors were removed via multistaged, multidirectional approaches (2 surgeries in 2 patients and 3 surgeries in 1 patient) with gravity retraction of the occipital or parietal lobe. The large occipital skin incision extending bilaterally was used for the next operation from the contralateral side. Combinations of the occipital transtentorial approach with or without the transfalcine approach, occipital bitranstentorial/falcine approach, combined supra-/infratentorial transsinus approach, and contralateral parietal interhemispheric transcallosal approach were used.RESULTSTransient visual field deficits occurred after 2 of the 8 operations, but all tumors were removed grossly or subtotally without permanent surgery-related morbidity. The galenic venous system and straight sinus remained intact in all patients. During the follow-up period (mean 29.5 months [range 13–52 months]), there were no recurrences after the final operation.CONCLUSIONSA multistaged, multidirectional strategy with an intentional large occipital scalp incision and gravity retraction of the occipital lobe is a good choice for the safe removal of large meningiomas in the pineal region.
Pretemporal trans–Meckel’s cave transtentorial approach for large petroclival meningiomas
Authors: Liao Chih-Hsiang , Wang Jui-To , Lin Chun-Fu , Chen Shao-Ching , Lin Chung-Jung , Hsu Sanford P. C. , Chen Min-Hsiung 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVEDespite the advances in skull base techniques, large petroclival meningiomas (PCMs) still pose a challenge to neurosurgeons. The authors’ objective of this study was to describe a pretemporal trans–Meckel’s cave transtentorial approach for large PCMs and to report the surgical outcomes.METHODSFrom 2014 to 2017, patients harboring large PCMs (> 3 cm) and undergoing their first resection via this procedure at the authors’ institute were included. In combination with pretemporal transcavernous and anterior transpetrosal approaches, the trans–Meckel’s cave transtentorial route was created. Surgical details are described and a video demonstrating the procedure is included. Retrospective review of the medical records and imaging studies was performed.RESULTSA total of 18 patients (6 men and 12 women) were included in this study, with mean age of 53 years. The mean sizes of the preoperative and postoperative PCMs were 4.36 cm × 4.09 cm × 4.13 cm (length × width × height) and 0.83 cm × 1.08 cm × 0.75 cm, respectively. Gross-total removal was performed in 7 patients, near-total removal (> 95%) in 7 patients, and subtotal removal in 4 patients (> 90% in 3 patients and > 85% in 1 patient). There were no surgical deaths or patients with postoperative hemiplegia. Surgical complications included transient cranial nerve (CN) III palsy (all patients, resolved in 3 months), transient CN VI palsy (2 patients), CN IV palsy (3 patients, partial recovery), hydrocephalus (3 patients), and CSF otorrhea (1 patient). Temporal lobe retraction–related neurological deficits were not observed.CONCLUSIONSA pretemporal trans–Meckel’s cave transtentorial approach offers large surgical exposure and multiple trajectories to the suprasellar, interpeduncular, prepontine, and upper-half clival regions without overt traction, which is mandatory to remove large PCMs. To unlock Meckel’s cave where a large PCM lies abutting the cave, pretemporal transcavernous and anterior transpetrosal approaches are prerequisites to create adequate exposure for the final trans–Meckel’s cave step.
Decision-making algorithm for minimally invasive approaches to anterior skull base meningiomas
Authors: Ottenhausen Malte , Rumalla Kavelin , Alalade Andrew F. , Nair Prakash , La Corte Emanuele , Younus Iyan , Forbes Jonathan A. , Ben Nsir Atef , Banu Matei A. , Tsiouris Apostolos John , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVEAnterior skull base meningiomas are benign lesions that cause neurological symptoms through mass effect on adjacent neurovascular structures. While traditional transcranial approaches have proven to be effective at removing these tumors, minimally invasive approaches that involve using an endoscope offer the possibility of reducing brain and nerve retraction, minimizing incision size, and speeding patient recovery; however, appropriate case selection and results in large series are lacking.METHODSThe authors developed an algorithm for selecting a supraorbital keyhole minicraniotomy (SKM) for olfactory groove meningiomas or an expanded endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for tuberculum sella (TS) or planum sphenoidale (PS) meningiomas based on the presence or absence of olfaction and the anatomical extent of the tumor. Where neither approach is appropriate, a standard transcranial approach is utilized. The authors describe rates of gross-total resection (GTR), olfactory outcomes, and visual outcomes, as well as complications, for 7 subgroups of patients. Exceptions to the algorithm are also discussed.RESULTSThe series of 57 patients harbored 57 anterior skull base meningiomas; the mean tumor volume was 14.7 ± 15.4 cm3 (range 2.2–66.1 cm3), and the mean follow-up duration was 42.2 ± 37.1 months (range 2–144 months). Of 19 patients with olfactory groove meningiomas, 10 had preserved olfaction and underwent SKM, and preservation of olfaction in was seen in 60%. Of 9 patients who presented without olfaction, 8 had cribriform plate invasion and underwent combined SKM and EEA (n = 3), bifrontal craniotomy (n = 3), or EEA (n = 2), and one patient without both olfaction and cribriform plate invasion underwent SKM. GTR was achieved in 94.7%. Of 38 TS/PS meningiomas, 36 of the lesions were treated according to the algorithm. Of these 36 meningiomas, 30 were treated by EEA and 6 by craniotomy. GTR was achieved in 97.2%, with no visual deterioration and one CSF leak that resolved by placement of a lumbar drain. Two patients with tumors that, based on the algorithm, were not amenable to an EEA underwent EEA nonetheless: one had GTR and the other had a residual tumor that was followed and removed via craniotomy 9 years later.CONCLUSIONSUtilizing a simple algorithm aimed at preserving olfaction and vision and based on maximizing use of minimally invasive approaches and selective use of transcranial approaches, the authors found that excellent outcomes can be achieved for anterior skull base meningiomas.
Impact of preoperative endovascular embolization on immediate meningioma resection outcomes
Authors: Brandel Michael G. , Rennert Robert C. , Wali Arvin R. , Santiago-Dieppa David R. , Steinberg Jeffrey A. , Lopez Ramos Christian , Abraham Peter , Pannell J. Scott , Khalessi Alexander A. 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVEPreoperative embolization of meningiomas can facilitate their resection when they are difficult to remove. The optimal use and timing of such a procedure remains controversial given the risk of embolization-linked morbidity in select clinical settings. In this work, the authors used a large national database to study the impact of immediate preoperative embolization on the immediate outcomes of meningioma resection.METHODSMeningioma patients who had undergone elective resection were identified in the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) for the period 2002–2014. Patients who had undergone preoperative embolization were propensity score matched to those who had not, adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics. Associations between preoperative embolization and morbidity, mortality, and nonroutine discharge were investigated.RESULTSOverall, 27,008 admissions met the inclusion criteria, and 633 patients (2.34%) had undergone preoperative embolization and 26,375 (97.66%) had not. The embolization group was younger (55.17 vs 57.69 years, p < 0.001) with a lower proportion of females (63.5% vs 69.1%, p = 0.003), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = 0.002), and higher disease severity (p < 0.001). Propensity score matching retained 413 embolization and 413 nonembolization patients. In the matched cohort, preoperative embolization was associated with increased rates of cerebral edema (25.2% vs 17.7%, p = 0.009), posthemorrhagic anemia or transfusion (21.8% vs 13.8%, p = 0.003), and nonroutine discharge (42.8% vs 35.7%, p = 0.039). There was no difference in mortality (≤ 2.4% vs ≤ 2.4%, p = 0.82). Among the embolization patients, the mean interval from embolization to resection was 1.49 days. On multivariate analysis, a longer interval was significantly associated with nonroutine discharge (OR 1.33, p = 0.004) but not with complications or mortality.CONCLUSIONSRelative to meningioma patients who do not undergo preoperative embolization in the same admission, those who do have higher rates of cerebral edema and nonroutine discharge but not higher rates of stroke or death. Thus, meningiomas requiring preoperative embolization represent a distinct clinical entity that requires prolonged, more complex care. Further, among embolization patients, the timing of resection did not affect the risk of in-hospital complications, suggesting that the timing of surgery can be determined according to surgeon discretion.
Tuberculum sellae meningiomas: grading scale to assess surgical outcomes using the transcranial versus transsphenoidal approach
Authors: Magill Stephen T. , Morshed Ramin A. , Lucas Calixto-Hope G. , Aghi Manish K. , Theodosopoulos Philip V. , Berger Mitchel S. , de Divitiis Oreste , Solari Domenico , Cappabianca Paolo , Cavallo Luigi M. , McDermott Michael W. 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVETuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs) are surgically challenging tumors that can severely impair vision. Debate exists regarding whether the transcranial (TC) or endoscopic transsphenoidal (TS) approach is best for resecting these tumors, and there are few large series comparing these approaches.METHODSA retrospective chart review was performed at 2 academic centers comparing TC and TS approaches with respect to vision, extent of resection, recurrence, and complications. The authors report surgical outcomes and propose a simple preoperative tumor grading scale that scores tumor size (1–2), optic canal invasion (0–2), and arterial encasement (0–2). The authors performed univariate, multivariate, and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) to evaluate outcomes.RESULTSThe TSMs were resected in 139 patients. The median follow-up was 29 months. Ninety-five (68%) cases were resected via a TC and 44 (32%) via a TS approach. Tumors treated via a TC approach had a higher tumor (p = 0.0007), artery (p < 0.0001), and total score (p = 0.0012) on the grading scale. Preoperative visual deficits were present in 87% of patients. Vision improved in 47%, stayed the same in 35%, declined in 10%, and was not recorded in 8%. The extent of resection was 65% gross-total resection, 23% near-total resection (95%–99% resection), and 12% subtotal resection (< 95%). A lower tumor score was significantly associated with better or stable vision postoperatively (p = 0.0052). The RPA confirmed low tumor score as the key predictor of postoperative visual improvement or stability. Multivariate analysis and RPA demonstrate that lower canal score (p < 0.0001) and TC approach (p = 0.0019) are associated with gross-total resection. Complications occurred in 20 (14%) patients, including CSF leak (5%) and infection (4%). There was no difference in overall complication rates between TC and TS approaches; however, the TS approach had more CSF leaks (OR 5.96, 95% CI 1.10–32.04). The observed recurrence rate was 10%, and there was no difference between the TC and TS approaches.CONCLUSIONSTuberculum sellae meningiomas can be resected using either a TC or TS approach, with low morbidity and good visual outcomes in appropriately selected patients. The simple proposed grading scale provides a standard preoperative method to evaluate TSMs and can serve as a starting point for selection of the surgical approach. Higher scores were associated with worsened visual outcomes and subtotal resection, regardless of approach. The authors plan a multicenter review of this grading scale to further evaluate its utility.
LAMOST DR1: Stellar Parameters and Chemical Abundances with SP_Ace
Authors: Boeche C. , Smith M. C. , Grebel E. K. , Zhong J. , Hou J. L. , Chen L. , Stello D. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We present a new analysis of the LAMOST DR1 survey spectral database performed with the code SP_Ace, which provides the derived stellar parameters

,

, [Fe/H], and [α/H] for 1,097,231 stellar objects. We tested the reliability of our results by comparing them to reference results from high spectral resolution surveys. The expected errors can be summarized as ∼120 K in

, ∼0.2 in

, ∼0.15 dex in [Fe/H], and ∼0.1 dex in [α/Fe] for spectra with S/N > 40, with some differences between dwarf and giant stars. SP_Ace provides error estimations consistent with the discrepancies observed between derived and reference parameters. Some systematic errors are identified and discussed. The resulting catalog is publicly available at the LAMOST and CDS websites.