bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different periodontal treatments in changing the prevalence and levels of Archaea present in the subgingival biofilm of subjects with periodontitis: A secondary analysis from a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ramiro FS , de Lira EAG , Soares GMS , Retamal‐Valdes B , Feres M , Figueiredo LC , Faveri M 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this randomized double‐blind and placebo‐controlled study was to assess if periodontal treatment with or without systemic antibiotic would change the mean level of Archaea.MethodsFifty‐nine (59) subjects were randomly assigned to receive scaling and root planing (SRP) alone or combined with metronidazole (MTZ; 400 mg/TID) or either with MTZ and amoxicillin (AMX; 500 mg/TID) for 14 days. Clinical and microbiological examinations were performed at baseline and at 6 months post‐SRP. Six subgingival plaque samples per subject were analysed for the presence and levels of Archaea using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsScaling and root planing alone or combined with MTZ or MTZ + AMX significantly reduced the prevalence of subjects colonized by Archaea at 6 months post‐therapy, without significant differences among groups (P > .05). Both therapies led to a statistically significant decrease in the mean percentage of sites colonized by Archaea (P < .05). The MTZ and MTZ + AMX group had a significantly lower mean number of sites colonized by Archaea and lower levels of these micro‐organisms at sites with probing depth ≥5 mm at 6 months compared with SRP group (P < .05).ConclusionPeriodontal treatments including adjunctive MTZ or MTZ + AMX are more effective than mechanical treatment alone in reducing the levels and prevalence of sites colonized by Archaea in subjects with chronic periodontitis.
Predicting Default More Accurately: To Proxy or Not to Proxy for Default?
Authors: Galil Koresh , Gilat Neta 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrevious studies targeting accuracy improvement of default models mainly focused on the choice of the explanatory variables and the statistical approach. We alter the focus to the choice of the dependent variable. We particularly explore whether the common practice (in the literature) of using proxies for default events (bankruptcy or delisting) to increase sample size indeed improves accuracy. We examine four definitions of financial distress and show that each definition carries considerably different characteristics. We discover that rating agencies effort to measure correctly the timing of default is valuable. Our main conclusion is that one cannot improve default prediction by making use of other distress events.
Litigation risk: Measurement and impact on M&A transaction terms
Authors: de La Bruslerie Hubert , Le Maux Julien 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to propose an original proprietary proxy of a firm's litigation risk. We extend the scope of litigation risk outside of the conflicts with shareholders and the domain of security litigation. We demonstrate that the source of the risk of litigation can be found in the firm's policies and in its management's operational or strategic decisions, even if a sector conditioning effect exists. Based on a sample of 465 US M&A transactions between 2000 and 2014, we provide evidence that the level of litigation risk, at the acquirer's level, has a positive and significant impact on the takeover premium. We also provide evidence that a significant relationship exists between the acquirer's litigation risk and the means of payment. An extension of the sample to international transactions is used as a robustness check; it confirms the previous results.
Teledermatology‐driven topical therapy of actinic keratosis: a comparative study of clinical effectiveness and compliance
Authors: Ferrándiz L. , Morales‐Conde M. , Fernández‐Orland A. , Martín‐Gutiérrez F.J. , Raya‐Maldonado J. , Toledo‐Pastrana T. , Moreno‐Ramírez D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundTeledermatology (TD) provides efficient care for skin cancer patients.ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effectiveness of imiquimod 5% for the treatment of AK with in‐person care and through TD.MethodsLongitudinal prospective controlled study including patients with single AK diagnosed and treated at face‐to‐face visits (FTF group) or through teledermatology (TD group) with imiquimod 5% cream. The main outcome measures assessed were the complete and global response percentage (CR and GR) under per‐protocol (PP) and intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis.ResultsA total of 157 patients were enrolled (FTF = 75, TD = 82). PP analysis showed CR in 66.7% of FTF patients and 65.6% in TD patients (P > 0.05). The ITT yielded CR in 64.0% and 51.2% in FTF visits and TD, respectively (P = 0.073). The analysis showed an advantage of FTF care against TD in achieving GR (84.0% vs. 70.7%; P = 0.036). Facial location and local adverse reactions were the only explanatory factors of complete response in the ITT approach. Treatment completion was found in 90.7% and 72.0% in the FTF and TD groups, respectively (P = 0.004).ConclusionsImprovements in patient counselling at the primary care centre are needed before the implementation of TD as a routine methodology for the management of AK.
Tinea capitis in children: a systematic review of management
Authors: Gupta A.K. , Mays R.R. , Versteeg S.G. , Piraccini B.M. , Shear N.H. , Piguet V. , Tosti A. , Friedlander S.F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundTinea capitis is the most common cutaneous fungal infection in children.ObjectivesThis review aims to evaluate the differences that exist between medications for the treatment of tinea capitis, to determine whether there are any significant adverse effects associated and to define the usefulness of sample collection methods.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search of available papers using the databases PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Libraries and ClinicalTrials.gov. Twenty‐one RCTs and 17 CTs were found.ResultsAmong the different antifungal therapies (oral and combination thereof), continuous itraconazole and terbinafine had the highest mycological cure rates (79% and 81%, respectively), griseofulvin and terbinafine had the highest clinical cure rates (46% and 58%, respectively) and griseofulvin and terbinafine had the highest complete cure rate (72% and 92%, respectively). Griseofulvin more effectively treated Microsporum infections; terbinafine and itraconazole more effectively cured Trichophyton infections. Only 1.0% of children had to discontinue medication based on adverse events. T. tonsurans was the most common organism found in North America, and hairbrush collection method is the most efficient method of sample collection. Additionally, using a hairbrush, toothbrush or cotton swab to identify the infecting organism(s) is the least invasive and most efficient method of tinea capitis sample collection in children.ConclusionsCurrent dosing regimens of reported drugs are effective and safe for use in tinea capitis in children.
On the Instability of Long‐Run Money Demand and the Welfare Cost of Inflation in the United States
Authors: MOGLIANI MATTEO , URGA GIOVANNI 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe evaluate the policy implications of measuring the welfare cost of inflation accounting for instabilities in the long‐run money demand for the United States over the period 1900–2013. We extend the analysis and reassess the results reported in Lucas (2000) and Ireland (2009), also considering the recent theoretical contributions of Lucas and Nicolini (2015) and Berentsen, Huber, and Marchesiani (2015). Breaks in the long‐run money demand give rise to regime‐dependent welfare cost estimates. We find that the welfare cost is about 0.1% of annual income over 1976–2013, as compared to 0.8% over 1945–75. Overall, these values are substantially lower than those reported in the literature.
Institutional density and public policies in two cases of geographical indications from Mexico and Spain
Authors: Fernández‐Zarza Mario , Amaya‐Corchuelo Santiago , Aguilar Criado Encarnación 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study analyses the role of private and/or public institutions on achieving success in projects aiming to obtain certification labels for local food products. This analysis is performed through comparative framework provided by 2 specific study cases; 1 from Mexico, based on the production of a type of traditional spicy pork sausage, or chorizo, and another from Spain, on the production of Iberian ham. A mixed methodology has been used to perform an in‐depth analysis of socio‐political contexts by distinguishing the divergent institutional frameworks of both cases. The study will contribute to connecting the results of these initiatives to the institutional density in which both proposals are originated and are implemented. From there, the text explores the reasons for success, stagnation, and/or failure of these actions. These empirical data constitute an important contribution to the analysis of geographical indications and diverse sociological universes supporting the differentiation of agrifood quality certification.
MP2RAGE and Susceptibility‐Weighted Imaging in Lesional Epilepsy at 7T
Authors: Pittau Francesca , Baud Maxime O. , Jorge João , Xin Lijing , Grouiller Frédéric , Iannotti Giannina R. , Seeck Margitta , Lazeyras François , Vulliémoz Serge , Vargas Maria Isabel 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSESurgery is the first choice therapeutic approach in case of drug‐resistant epilepsy. Unfortunately, up to 43% of patients referred for presurgical assessment do not have a lesion detectable by routine 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (MRI‐negative), although most of them likely have an underlying epileptogenic lesion. Thus, new MRI modalities with increased sensibility for epileptogenic lesions are required. This paper describes the magnetization‐prepared two rapid acquisition gradient echoes (MP2RAGE) and susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) findings at 7T in a series of patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy of different etiologies.METHODSProspective pilot study of 7 patients with drug‐resistant lesional epilepsy and absence of contraindications for MRI underwent a research 7T head‐only scanner. Qualitative analysis of the high‐resolution MP2RAGE and SWI sequences is given for each case. This study was approved by the local ethics committee. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant.RESULTSThis study shows that such sequences at ultra‐high field are new and valuable approaches to unravel and characterize epileptogenic lesions. Particularly, MP2RAGE shows a better delineation of lesions due to high gray‐white matter contrast and structural resolution, and SWI reveals new imaging signs related to improved magnitude and phase contrast imaging.CONCLUSIONMRI at ultra‐high field is very promising for the detection of inconspicuous epileptogenic lesions and may facilitate epilepsy surgery of a great number of to‐date MRI‐negative patients.
Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes, C19MC‐Altered: Clinical, Pathological, and Neuroimaging Findings
Authors: Wang Bing , Gogia Bhanu , Fuller Gregory N. , Ketonen Leena M. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEEmbryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), C19MC‐altered, is a recently described, rare central nervous system tumor. To our knowledge, the imaging findings of this tumor have not been systematically evaluated in the neuroradiology literature. We present here the clinical, radiological, and pathological correlation of a case series of this very rare tumor, including the full range of anatomic compartment presentations (supratentorial, infratentorial, and spinal).METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 7 (4M, 3F) pathologically‐proven cases of ETMR referred to our institution between 2007 and 2017. We demonstrate the imaging characteristics of this tumor on CT and MRI with advanced imaging.RESULTSAll of the patients are children (ages 1–12). On MR imaging of ETMR, contrast enhancement is often heterogeneous and minimal if any, and there is no significant surrounding T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity to suggest edema. The lesions were often expansile with no evidence of infiltration of the fiber tracks that were displaced by the tumor mass. Diffusion‐weighted imaging often demonstrated restricted diffusion within ETMRs. On magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), the choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio is increased, with low N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) or NAA/Cho ratio, typical of high‐grade tumors.CONCLUSIONWe demonstrate the conventional and advanced imaging characteristics of ETMR, including MRS and diffusion tensor imaging, which, to our knowledge, have not been systematically evaluated in the radiology literature. The knowledge gained may potentially impact patient management, especially in inoperable cases and in locations where it is risky to perform a biopsy.
Leucocyte telomere shortening is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease‐related advanced fibrosis
Authors: Kim Donghee , Li Andrew A. , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground & AimTelomere length and telomerase have been linked with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the impact of telomere length on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in a large national population sample is not well understood.MethodsCross‐sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999‐2002 were utilized. Suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed if serum alanine aminotransferase was >30 IU/L for men and >19 IU/L for women in the absence of other causes of chronic liver disease. Presence of advanced fibrosis was determined by the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and FIB‐4 score.ResultsOf the 6738 participants (mean age 46.3 years, 48.4% male), suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence was inversely associated with leucocyte telomere length in young adults aged 20‐39 years, though this was not seen in the overall population. Percentage of participants with advanced fibrosis increased corresponding with leucocyte telomere length (longest to shortest). The shortest quartile of leucocyte telomere length was associated with a significantly higher odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of advanced fibrosis of 2.36 (1.32‐4.24) in a univariate model compared to the longest quartile, and 2.01 (1.13‐3.58) in a multivariate model adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, waist circumference, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P for trend <.05 respectively).ConclusionsIn this large nationally representative sample of American adults, leucocyte telomere shortening was associated with increased risk of advanced fibrosis in the setting of suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease independent of other known risk factors.
Identifying and integrating patient and caregiver perspectives in clinical practice guidelines for percutaneous renal biopsy
Authors: Gutman Talia , Lopez‐Vargas Pamela , Manera Karine E , Craig Jonathan C , Howell Martin , Tunnicliffe David , James Laura J , MacGinley Rob , See Emily , Wong Jeffrey , Voss David , Saunders John , Menahem Solomon , Jesudason Shilpanjali , Tong Allison , Champion de Crespigny Paul 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAimPercutaneous renal biopsy is often essential for providing reliable diagnostic and prognostic information for people with suspected kidney disease, however the procedure can lead to complications and concerns among patients. This study aims to identify and integrate patient priorities and perspectives into the Kidney Health Australia – Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment clinical practice guidelines for renal biopsy, to ensure patient‐relevance.MethodsWe convened a workshop, consisting of three simultaneous focus groups and a plenary session, with 10 patients who had undergone a renal biopsy and seven caregivers. Topics and outcomes prioritized by patients and their caregivers were compared to those identified by the guideline working group, which was comprised of seven nephrologists. Transcripts and flipcharts were analyzed thematically to identify the reasons for participants’ choices.ResultsIn total, 34 topics/outcomes were identified, 14 of which were common to the list of 28 previously identified by the guideline working group. Most of the new topics identified by patients/caregivers were related to communication and education, psychosocial support, and self‐management. We identified five themes underpinning the reasons for topic and outcome selection: alleviating anxiety and unnecessary distress, minimizing discomfort and disruption, supporting family and caregivers, enabling self‐management, and protecting their kidney. A new topic on patient care and education was added to the guideline as a result.ConclusionsPatient and caregiver involvement in developing guidelines on renal biopsy ensured that their concerns and needs for education, psychosocial support, and self‐management were explicitly addressed; enabling a patient‐centred approach to renal biopsies.
Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in tomato to create a gibberellin‐responsive dominant dwarf DELLA allele
Authors: Tomlinson Laurence , Yang Ying , Emenecker Ryan , Smoker Matthew , Taylor Jodie , Perkins Sara , Smith Justine , MacLean Dan , Olszewski Neil E. , Jones Jonathan D. G. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe tomato PROCERA gene encodes a DELLA protein, and loss‐of‐function mutations derepress growth. We used CRISPR/Cas9 and a single guide RNAs (sgRNA) to target mutations to the PROCERA DELLA domain, and recovered several loss‐of‐function mutations and a dominant dwarf mutation that carries a deletion of one amino acid in the DELLA domain. This is the first report of a dominant dwarf PROCERA allele. This allele retains partial responsiveness to exogenously applied gibberellin. Heterozygotes show an intermediate phenotype at the seedling stage, but adult heterozygotes are as dwarfed as homozygotes.
Jurisgenerative role of auditors in transnational labor governance
Authors: Paiement Phillip 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article builds on the model of regulatory intermediaries by incorporating insights from the field of legal hermeneutics about the process through which the meaning of a legal rule emerges. It describes how intermediaries can take on a jurisgenerative role in the development of legal rules through their interpretation of legal rules. This role is demonstrated through an analysis of social audits from Chinese and Vietnamese factories involved in the Fair Labor Association (FLA). The analysis illustrates how the integration of fundamental labor rights into the FLA's private Code of Conduct requires auditors to develop new interpretations of the Freedom of Association as a result of uncertainties and contradictions between legal requirements at various levels, as well as with the FLA's own rules. Through this empirical analysis, the article contributes to the literature by identifying regulatory intermediaries’ jurisgenerative capacities when they monitor fundamental labor rights referenced by private governance instruments. It further highlights why legal and regulatory governance scholars need to consider the transformative effects that transnational private labor governance may have on international labor law.
The lacustrine microbial carbonate factory of the successive Lake Bonneville and Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA
Authors: Vennin Emmanuelle , Bouton Anthony , Bourillot Raphaël , Pace Aurélie , Roche Adeline , Brayard Arnaud , Thomazo Christophe , Virgone Aurelien , Gaucher Eric C. , Desaubliaux Guy , Visscher Pieter T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Bonneville Basin is a continental lacustrine system accommodating extensive microbial carbonate deposits corresponding to two distinct phases: the deep Lake Bonneville (30 000 to 11 500 14C bp) and the shallow Great Salt Lake (since 11 500 14C bp). A characterization of these microbial deposits and their associated sediments provides insights into their spatio‐temporal distribution patterns. The Bonneville phase preferentially displays vertical distribution of the microbial deposits resulting from high‐amplitude lake level variations. Due to the basin physiography, the microbial deposits were restricted to a narrow shoreline belt following Bonneville lake level variations. Carbonate production was more efficient during intervals of relative lake level stability as recorded by the formation of successive terraces. In contrast, the Great Salt Lake microbial deposits showed a great lateral distribution, linked to the modern flat bottom configuration. A low vertical distribution of the microbial deposits was the result of the shallow water depth combined with a low amplitude of lake level fluctuations. These younger microbial deposits display a higher diversity of fabrics and sizes. They are distributed along an extensive ‘shore to lake’ transect on a flat platform in relation to local and progressive accommodation space changes. Microbial deposits are temporally discontinuous throughout the lake history showing longer hiatuses during the Bonneville phase. The main parameters controlling the rate of carbonate production are related to the interaction between physical (kinetics of the mineral precipitation, lake water temperature and runoff), chemical (Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3− concentrations, Mg/Ca ratio, dilution and depletion) and/or biological (trophic) factors. The contrast in evolution of Lake Bonneville and Great Salt Lake microbial deposits during their lacustrine history leads to discussions on major chemical and climatic changes during this interval as well as the role of physiography. Furthermore, it provides novel insights into the composition, structure and formation of microbialite‐rich carbonate deposits under freshwater and hypersaline conditions.
Comparison of
In Vitro
Activity and MIC Distributions between the Novel Oxazolidinone Delpazolid and Linezolid against Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China
Authors: Zong Zhaojing , Jing Wei , Shi Jin , Wen Shu'an , Zhang Tingting , Huo Fengmin , Shang Yuanyuan , Liang Qian , Huang Hairong , Pang Yu 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Oxazolidinones are efficacious in treating mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB) caused by drug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. In this study, we compared the
in vitro
activities and MIC distributions of delpazolid, a novel oxazolidinone, and linezolid against multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) in China. Additionally, genetic mutations in 23S rRNA,
rplC
, and
rplD
genes were analyzed to reveal potential mechanisms underlying the observed oxazolidinone resistance. A total of 240
M. tuberculosis
isolates were included in this study, including 120 MDR-TB isolates and 120 XDR-TB isolates. Overall, linezolid and delpazolid MIC
90
values for
M. tuberculosis
isolates were 0.25 mg/liter and 0.5 mg/liter, respectively. Based on visual inspection, we tentatively set epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values for MIC determinations for linezolid and delpazolid at 1.0 mg/liter and 2.0 mg/liter, respectively. Although no significant difference in resistance rates was observed between linezolid and delpazolid among XDR-TB isolates (
P
> 0.05), statistical analysis revealed a significantly greater proportion of linezolid-resistant isolates than delpazolid-resistant isolates within the MDR-TB group (
P
= 0.036). Seven (53.85%) of 13 linezolid-resistant isolates were found to harbor mutations within the three target genes. Additionally, 1 isolate exhibited an amino acid substitution (Arg126His) within the protein encoded by
rplD
that contributed to high-level resistance to linezolid (MIC of >16 mg/liter), compared to a delpazolid MIC of 0.25. In conclusion,
in vitro
susceptibility testing revealed that delpazolid antibacterial activity was comparable to that of linezolid. A novel mutation within
rplD
that endowed
M. tuberculosis
with linezolid, but not delpazolid, resistance was identified.