bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing K2 Candidate Planetary Systems Orbiting Low-mass Stars. III. A High Mass and Low Envelope Fraction for the Warm Neptune K2-55b*
Authors: Dressing Courtney D. , Sinukoff Evan , Fulton Benjamin J. , Lopez Eric D. , Beichman Charles A. , Howard Andrew W. , Knutson Heather A. , Werner Michael , Benneke Björn , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Isaacson Howard , Krick Jessica , Gorjian Varoujan , Livingston John , Petigura Erik A. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Akeson Rachel L. , Batygin Konstantin , Christiansen Jessie L. , Ciardi David R. , Crepp Justin R. , Gonzales Erica J. , Hardegree-Ullman Kevin , Hirsch Lea A. , Kosiarek Molly , Weiss Lauren M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
K2-55b is a Neptune-sized planet orbiting a K7 dwarf with a radius of

, a mass of 0.688 ± 0.069

, and an effective temperature of

K. Having characterized the host star using near-infrared spectra obtained at IRTF/SpeX, we observed a transit of K2-55b with Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and confirmed the accuracy of the original K2 ephemeris for future follow-up transit observations. Performing a joint fit to the Spitzer/IRAC and K2 photometry, we found a planet radius of

, an orbital period of

days, and an equilibrium temperature of roughly 900 K. We then measured the planet mass by acquiring 12 radial velocity (RV) measurements of the system using the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on the 10 m Keck I Telescope. Our RV data set precisely constrains the mass of K2-55b to

, indicating that K2-55b has a bulk density of

g cm−3 and can be modeled as a rocky planet capped by a modest H/He envelope (M
envelope = 12 ± 3% M

p
). K2-55b is denser than most similarly sized planets, raising the question of whether the high planetary bulk density of K2-55b could be attributed to the high metallicity of K2-55. The absence of a substantial volatile envelope despite the high mass of K2-55b poses a challenge to current theories of gas giant formation. We posit that K2-55b may have escaped runaway accretion by migration, late formation, or inefficient core accretion, or that K2-55b was stripped of its envelope by a late giant impact.
A Multiline Study of a High-mass Young Stellar Object in the Small Magellanic Cloud with ALMA: The Detection of Methanol Gas at 0.2 Solar Metallicity
Authors: Shimonishi Takashi , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Nishimura Yuri , Aikawa Yuri , Yamamoto Satoshi , Onaka Takashi , Sakai Nami , Kawamura Akiko 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We report the results of subparsec-scale submillimeter observations toward an embedded high-mass young stellar object in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with ALMA. Complementary infrared data obtained with the AKARI satellite and the Gemini South telescope are also presented. The target infrared point source is spatially resolved into two dense molecular cloud cores; one is associated with a high-mass young stellar object (YSO core), while another is not associated with an infrared source (East core). The two cores are dynamically associated but show different chemical characteristics. Emission lines of CS, C33S, H2CS, SO, SO2, CH3OH, H13CO+, H13CN, SiO, and dust continuum are detected from the observed region. Tentative detection of HDS is also reported. The first detection of CH3OH in the SMC has a strong impact on our understanding of the formation of complex organic molecules in metal-poor environments. The gas temperature is estimated to be ∼10 K based on the rotation analysis of CH3OH lines. The fractional abundance of CH3OH gas in the East core is estimated to be (0.5–1.5) × 10−8, which is comparable to or marginally higher than those of similar cold sources in our Galaxy despite a factor of five lower metallicity in the SMC. This work provides observational evidence that an organic molecule like CH3OH, which is largely formed on grain surfaces, can be produced even in a significantly lower metallicity environment compared to the solar neighborhood. A possible origin of cold CH3OH gas in the observed dense core is discussed.
Self-sustaining Star Formation Fronts in Filaments during the Cosmic Dawn
Authors: Wang Xiawei , Loeb Abraham 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We propose a new model for the ignition of star formation in low-mass halos by a self-sustaining shock front in cosmic filaments at high redshifts. The gaseous fuel for star formation resides in low-mass halos that cannot cool on their own due to their primordial composition and low virial temperatures. We show that star formation can be triggered in these filaments by a passing shock wave. The shells swept up by the shock cool and fragment into cold clumps that form massive stars via thermal instability on a timescale shorter than the front’s dynamical timescale. The shock, in turn, is self-sustained by energy injection from supernova explosions. The star formation front is analogous to a detonation wave, which drives exothermic reactions powering the shock. We find that sustained star formation would typically propel the front to a speed of ∼300–700 km s−1 during the epoch of reionization. Future observations by the James Webb Space Telescope could reveal the illuminated regions of cosmic filaments, and constrain the initial mass function of stars in them.
Héritiers, aristocrates d’entreprise et « méritocrates » : l’espace social du grand patronat en Inde
Authors: Naudet Jules , Allorant Adrien , Ferry Mathieu 
Published: July 2018

Cet article présente une analyse de l’espace social des présidents et directeurs généraux des 100 plus importantes entreprises indiennes en 2012, en mobilisant une analyse des correspondances multiples (ACM). L’analyse vise à comprendre les divisions internes au champ du pouvoir économique, en examinant les clivages en termes de capital scolaire, de capital hérité (capital familial), de capital social (en tirant partie d’une analyse de réseau de l’imbrication des conseils de direction des 250 plus grandes entreprises) et de la caste. Nos résultats révèlent une structuration très particulière de ce champ économique : le crédentialisme a une influence très faible, il existe un clivage net et massif entre les propriétaires et les managers du capital, le capital social joue un poids déterminant et les acteurs les plus proches de l’appareil d’État occupent un rôle marginal. Nous identifions trois pôles parmi les dirigeants d’entreprise : les capitalistes familiaux multipositionnels, les capitalistes familiaux unipositionnels et la galaxie managériale.
Industrial development strategies in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Guéraiche William 
Published: July 2018

Lorsque les Émirats Arabes Unis (EAU) furent créés en 1971, le gouvernement fédéral accordait peu d’attention à l’industrie. En dehors des hydrocarbures (pétrole et gaz) dont l’exploitation s’effectuait principalement à Abou Dhabi, les sept Émirats n’avaient pas d’autres ressources naturelles. D’autres facteurs contribuaient à la subordination du développement industriel : une très faible population ayant pour conséquences une absence de main-d’œuvre disponible pour travailler dans des usines et un marché intérieur limité, des recettes pétrolières qui engendraient une mentalité d’État rentier. Cependant une minorité d’Émiratis et des Arabes vivant déjà aux EAU s’était engagée dans les affaires. Elle appelait à la prévoyance du gouvernement fédéral et du gouvernement d’Abou Dhabi en vue de préférer l’autonomie industrielle à la dépendance extérieure. Les deux décennies qui suivirent l’indépendance ont montré le rôle prépondérant de Dubaï dans l’industrialisation des EAU. Au-delà du choix stratégique de diversifier les activités économiques, l’Émirat, à savoir d’abord la famille Maktoum, a ouvert les esprits à la modernité et les a préparés à une stratégie pour la survie. La sécurité n’a pas été conçue comme la mobilisation de la production locale pour satisfaire des besoins domestiques, mais plutôt comme la capacité de produire assez de richesse pour soutenir la croissance économique et démographique à long terme. Dans une certaine mesure, le modèle japonais a influencé Dubaï et les EAU plus que les vieux pays européens ou nord-américains industrialisés.
Growth Strategies for Law Firms
Authors: Ketelhöhn Niels , Martínez Argüello Octavio 
Published: July 2018

Law firms that grow intensively can experience problems maintaining strategic focus, structural alignment and personnel balance. This article proposes a process through which management can plan a law firm´s future, by defining a strategy and choosing a growth avenue. We describe four growth strategies and use benchmarks of a sample of 150 law firms stemming from all Latin America to describe the typical leverage and growth levels found in the region.
Implementing a Nurse-Driven Protocol to Reduce Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in a Long-Term Acute Care Hospital
Authors: Zurmehly Joyce 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are the second most common health care-associated infection. CAUTIs represent a serious threat to chronic critically ill patients in long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs). Evidence-based guidelines have been shown to reduce the risk of infection in acute care settings but are not well documented in LTACHs.

Method:
An evidence-based urinary catheter protocol was developed and implemented across three units in a large LTACH. RNs were oriented to the new protocol through online educational modules. During the evaluation period, 120 patients were admitted with a urinary catheter who qualified for chart review for CAUTI incidence. Overall catheter-days and CAUTI rates were compared, and changes in practice were noted.

Results:

After the education intervention, overall urinary catheter-days decreased by 10.1%, and CAUTI incidence decreased by 74% (4.82 CAUTI per 1,000 patient-days to 1.24). The absolute risk reduction was 3.58 infections per 1,000 catheter-days. The findings were statistically significant (
z
= 1.00,
p
< .03).

Conclusion:
Significant reductions were noted in total catheter-days, and CAUTI rates improved after implementation of an education program and an evidence-based urinary catheter protocol in an LTACH.

J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2018;49(8):372–377.
Long-term variability in vegetation productivity in relation to rainfall, herbivory and fire in Tswalu Kalahari Reserve
Authors: Tokura Wataru , Jack Sam L. , Anderson Tania , Hoffman Michael T. 
Published: July 2018

Exploring the long-term influence of climate and land use on vegetation change allows for a more robust understanding of how vegetation is likely to respond in the future. To inform management, this study investigated the relationship between vegetation productivity trends and potential drivers of change in the 110 000 ha of the Tswalu Kalahari Reserve between 2000 and 2015, using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI, MOD13Q1). Spatio-temporal variability of the EVI was mapped and then related to the historical records of precipitation, animal numbers and fire occurrences. Long-term trends in productivity were analysed by residual trend analysis (RESTREND). Significantly different EVI profiles were found between vegetation types, and this was related to the structure and function of the vegetation, as well as the effects of soil reflectance. The EVI time-series signalled spatial and temporal heterogeneity in plant productivity, which was strongly correlated with rainfall, although fire and especially herbivory had noteworthy localised effects on productivity. The RESTREND identified a significant positive trend in plant productivity in shrub-dominated vegetation types, providing evidence for the ongoing thickening of woody species. Significant negative trends in productivity were associated with artificial water points and more heavily stocked areas, leading to degradation.Conservation implications: The southern Kalahari has a highly variable rainfall regime, which is tied to a dynamic vegetation response. This variability should be taken into account when making management decisions. Field-based monitoring together with adaptive management approaches are needed in the face of an uncertain future in which significant warming is expected.
Do talent management strategies influence the psychological contract within a diverse environment?
Authors: Poisat Paul , Mey Michelle R. , Sharp Gary 
Published: July 2018

Orientation: Even though globalisation has resulted in a more diverse workforce and working environment, talent management strategies have not evolved catering for the diversity experienced in organisations. It is assumed that talent management strategies developed on Western principles can be applied effectively to employees in emerging markets. However, the success of these strategies in creating a high-performance work culture is widely questioned.Research purpose: This study aims to empirically determine the relationship between talent management strategies on the psychological contract, and whether this relationship influences employee retention within diverse working environments, which includes generational cohorts, gender and ethnicity.Motivation for the study: As talent management strategies impact differently on the psychological contract of individuals across the generations, gender and ethnicity, it therefore implies that a fit for purpose talent management strategy must consider these variables. The reason for this study was to determine the influence of talent management strategies on the psychological contract and ultimately retention within the diverse environment of different generations, genders and ethnicity.Research approach/design and method: A structured, closed-ended Likert-type validated questionnaire was distributed to employed persons of differing ethnicity, gender and generations and emanating from various professions within the private and public sector (n = 711). A quantitative survey design was used.Main findings: A significant relationship between the work environment and the psychological contract on retention exists. On the contrary, no significant differences exist between growth and development and financial security. Unlike other research conducted on generational cohorts, this study revealed a strong correlation between talent management strategies and generational cohort preferences.Practical/managerial implications: Talent management strategies need to be flexible and inclusive in terms of generational differences, including but not limited to ethnicity and gender. Human resource practitioners are made aware that the work environment impacts most significantly on the psychological contract and ultimately on retention.Contribution/value-add: This study subscribes to the international literature and provides empirical evidence that demonstrates the importance of generational cohorts, gender and ethnicity when executing talent management strategies. This study empirically provides the basis for human resource (HR) practitioners to develop a customised generational talent management strategy to retain high performing individuals.
Total Folate in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by Trienzyme Extraction and LC-MS/MS Quantitation: A Multilaboratory Testing Study, Final Action 2011.06
Authors: Bhandari Sneh D , Gao Ming , Szpylka John ,   Collaborators:, Collopy N , Chen H , Gao M , Grahn R , Juskelis R , Lopez O , Malaviole I , McKenna R , Oveland E , Prabeesh K M , Stevens J , Wang J 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background: The need for an updated reference method for folate was identified as a priority by the AOAC’s Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) in 2011. An Expert Review Panel (ERP) found AOAC Official MethodSM 2011.06 suitable for the purpose and approved it as a First Action Official Method. Objective: To determine the repeatability and reproducibility of Method 2011.06: Total Folate in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by Trienzyme Extraction and LC-MS/MS Quantitation. Methods: A multilaboratory collaborative study was conducted. Eleven laboratories located in five countries participated and completed analysis of all multilaboratory testing (MLT) samples. The study was divided into two parts. In the first part, the laboratories analyzed two practice samples (blindly coded) using the updated folate Method 2011.06. The laboratories providing results within the expected range qualified for part two, in which they analyzed 11 MLT samples in blind duplicates. Results: The results were compared with the Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR 2011.006) established for folate. The precision results met the requirements stated in the SMPR for all of the samples. Repeatability and reproducibility relative standard deviations ranged from 3.5 to 6.6 and from 9.0 to 15.7%, respectively. Horwitz ratio values for all of the samples were well below 2 (0.61–1.06). Conclusions: The ERP determined that the method performance met the SMPR requirements in September 2017 after reviewing the presented MLT data. Highlights: The ERP recommended the method for Final Action status.
Historical connections among river basins and climatic changes explain the biogeographic history of a water rat
Authors: Dalapicolla Jeronymo , Leite Yuri Luiz Reis 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe water ratNectomys squamipes(Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) is a semiaquatic rodent from eastern South America that shows shallow genetic structure across space, according to some studies. We tested the influence of hydrography and climatic changes on the genetic and phylogeographic structure of this semiaquatic small mammal.MethodsDNA sequences of two mitochondrial genetic markers (Cyt b and D-loop) and six microsatellite loci from water rats were collected at 50 localities in five river basins in the Atlantic Forest along the eastern coast of South America. We evaluated the genetic structure within and among river basins, and we estimated divergence dates. Species distribution models for the present and past were built to identify possible gene flow paths.ResultsMitochondrial data and species distribution models showed coherent results. Microsatellite loci showed a more complex pattern of genetic differentiation. The diversification ofN. squamipeshaplotypes occurred during the Pleistocene and the river basin cannot explain most of the genetic structure. We found evidence of population expansion during the last glacial maximum, and gene flow paths indicate historical connections among rivers in the Atlantic Forest.DiscussionHistorical connections among rivers in the Atlantic Forest may have allowedN. squamipesto disperse farther across and within basins, leading to shallow genetic structure. Population expansions and gene flow through the emerged continental shelf during glacial period support the Atlantis forest hypothesis, thus challenging the forest refuge hypothesis.
Gonadal transcriptome sequencing of the critically endangered Acipenser dabryanus to discover candidate sex-related genes
Authors: Chen Yeyu , Liu Ya , Gong Quan , Lai Jiansheng , Song Mingjiang , Du Jun , Deng Xiaochuan 
Published: July 2018

Background
Acipenser dabryanus, an endemic Chinese species, has been listed as a first-class protected animal in China. Sturgeons are among the oldest and most primitive group of existing fish in the world and occupy a special place in the evolutionary history of fish. Thus, a study of the reproduction and sex differentiation of sturgeon will be of great value for fish as well as the whole vertebrate group.

Methods
In this study, we conducted comparative analysis of the testes and ovaries transcriptomes of A. dabryanus to screen for sex-differentiation and sexual development-related genes.

Results
The transcriptome sequencing of six cDNA libraries generated 265 million clean reads, encompassing 79 Gb of sequences. The N50 and mean length of the identified 91,375 unigenes were 1,718 and 989 bp, respectively. A total of 6,306, 9,961, 13,170, 15,484, and 23,588 unigenes were annotated in the clusters of orthologous groups, gene ontology categories, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway, euKaryotic orthologous groups, and NCBI non-redundant protein databases, respectively. A total of 5,396 differentially expressed genes were found between the two sexes, with 1,938 predicted to be up-regulated in ovaries and 3,458 in testes. A total of 73 candidate genes known to be involved in sex differentiation and sexual development were searched in the transcriptome of A. dabryanus of which 52 showed significant similarity. We highlighted six genes that are differentially expressed between the two sexes and may play important roles in sex differentiation and gonad maintenance. In addition, 24,271 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 550,519 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected.

Discussion
This work represents the first transcriptome study comparing the ovary and testis in A. dabryanus. The putative differentially expressed genes between the gonads provide an important source of information for further study of the sex-differentiation related genes and the sex-differentiation mechanism in sturgeons. The SSRs or SNPs identified in this study will be helpful in the discovery of sex-related markers in A. dabryanus.
A collaborative process for a program redesign for education in evidence-based health care
Authors: Whillier Stephney , Spence Natalie , Giuriato Rosemary 
Published: July 2018

Objective:
We outline the framework of a collaborative process to redesign an existing 5-year health education program, which may prove useful to other similar institutions. The aim was to strengthen evidence-based practice and curriculum alignment.

Methods:
A whole-of-program approach was used to restructure the existing courses into 3 “streams”: professional practice, clinical research, and clinical science. The process incorporated a series of facilitated workshops organized by the department director of learning and teaching and the faculty facilitation team, and it was inclusive of all available members of the department, a clinic supervisor, a sessional (casual teaching) staff member, and a recent graduate of the program.

Results:
Unit content and assessments were restructured to progress the program learning outcomes from year to year. The undergraduate program was redesigned to create a more logical learning pathway for students. Consolidation of subject topics in the postgraduate program allowed for the development of stand-alone research-only units.

Conclusion:
The mechanism of curriculum mapping allowed for discussion about the flow of information from year to year and how evidenced knowledge and understanding can be developed. It is necessary that everyone participates and understands the importance of program goals as developed by the process. Because drift in curriculum can occur incrementally over the years, to be effective, the program requires ongoing monitoring and regular collaboration to continue improvements.