bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccine and therapeutic agents against the respiratory syncytial virus: resolved and unresolved issue
Authors: Li Qianqian , Li Huan , Li Zhihua , Wang Youchun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a predominant pathogen responsible for respiratory tract infections among infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. In recent years, significant progress has been made in innovative vaccines and therapeutic agents targeting RSV. Nevertheless, numerous challenges and bottlenecks persist in the prevention and treatment of RSV infections. This review will provide an overview of the resolved and unresolved issues surrounding the development of vaccines and therapeutic agents against RSV. As of September 2024, three RSV vaccines against acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) have been approved globally. Additionally, there have been notable progress in the realm of passive immunoprophylactic antibodies, with the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab receiving regulatory approval for the prevention of RSV infections in infants. Furthermore, a variety of RSV therapeutic agents are currently under clinical investigation, with the potential to yield breakthrough advancements in the foreseeable future. This review delineates the advancements and challenges faced in vaccines and therapeutic agents targeting RSV. It aims to provide insights that will guide the development of effective preventive and control measures for RSV.
Driving the Green Transformation of Enterprises: The Role of Patent Insurance
Authors: Zhong Junhao , Wang Zhenzhen , Deng Yunfeng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe verified the effect of patent insurance policy implementation on corporate green transformation, using a dataset of Chinese‐listed companies from 2007 to 2019. Using double/debiased machine learning and text analysis, we found that the pilot policy of patent insurance has a significant positive impact on the green transformation of enterprises. This effect is significant in heavily polluting industries, eastern regions, state‐owned enterprises, and companies in a growth stage. The patent insurance pilot policy promotes corporate green transformation by alleviating financing constraints, reducing operational risks, and increasing green output.
Polyneuropathy With Motor Conduction Block in POEMS
Authors: Uyanık Handan Uzunçakmak , Yıldız Fatma Gökçem , Gülmez Bahar , Tan Ersin , Temuçin Çağrı Mesut 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsPolyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome due to an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. Polyneuropathy in POEMS syndrome may present as a subacute or chronic symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy, with electrophysiological features suggesting demyelination. Motor conduction block (CB), which is mostly seen in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), is considered an atypical electrophysiological feature in POEMS syndrome. We examined the frequency of motor CB in POEMS syndrome.MethodsPatients with POEMS syndrome from the database of our department who had been examined between August 2017 and December 2022 were included in this study. All of the patients' clinical and electrophysiological data were retrospectively collected and analyzed.ResultsWe present the data of seven POEMS syndrome patients. Twenty‐eight upper extremity motor nerve conduction studies were performed on these patients, and partial CB was detected in seven upper extremity motor nerves (25%) of six of the patients. One patient had motor CB in both the median and ulnar nerves.DiscussionThe distinction between POEMS syndrome and CIDP is important since these conditions require different treatments. Motor CB in POEMS may be more common than has been generally believed. Clinicians should consider this when evaluating patients with demyelinating polyneuropathies and be meticulous in identifying CB. Data from much larger numbers of patients are needed.
MS‐IS Hypoplastic Model Considering Stiffness Degradation Under Cyclic Loading Conditions
Authors: Wani Sahil , Alipour Mohammad Javad , Kandasami Ramesh Kannan , Wu Wei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTModelling the cyclic response of granular materials is key in the design of several geostructures. Over the years, numerous constitutive models have been proposed to predict the cyclic behaviour of granular materials. However, pertaining to the hypoplastic constitutive models, one of the significant limitations is their inability to accurately predict the geomechanical response during the unloading and reloading phases. This study introduces an extension of the MS‐IS hypoplastic model designed to enhance the predictions during non‐monotonic loading conditions. Addressing the limitations observed in the hypoplastic models during the unloading and reloading phases, the proposed model incorporates an additional stiffness feature. This new stiffness function is integrated into the foundational framework to enhance the model's overall stiffness response. For the unloading phase, the introduction of a stiffness degradation factor aims to modify the volumetric response and account for the realistic stiffness degradation. Additionally, for the reloading phase, stiffness is now a function of the mean effective stress. The novel model's performance is validated against experimental data, encompassing diverse loading and boundary conditions.
Noninvasive Imaging of Transgene Expression in Neurons Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI
Authors: Flament Julien , Pépin Jérémy , Maugard Marianne , Gaudin Mylène , Cohen Léa , Jan Caroline , Valette Julien , Piluso Sébastien , Delzescaux Thierry , Bonvento Gilles 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAdvances in gene therapy, especially for brain diseases, have created new imaging demands for noninvasive monitoring of gene expression. While reporter gene imaging using co‐expression of fluorescent protein–encoding gene has been widely developed, these conventional methods face significant limitations in longitudinal in vivo applications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), specifically chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI, provides a robust noninvasive alternative that offers unlimited depth penetration, reliable spatial resolution, and specificity toward particular molecules. In this study, we explore the potential of CEST‐MRI for monitoring gene expression in neurons. We designed a CEST polypeptide reporter expressing 150 arginine residues and evaluated its expression in the living brain after viral vector delivery. A longitudinal study performed at one and 2 months postinjection showed that specific CEST signal was observable. In particular, the CEST contrast exhibited distinct peaks at 0.75 and 1.75 ppm, consistent with the expected hydroxyl and guanidyl protons resonance frequencies. Histological study confirmed the specific neuronal expression of the transgene evidenced by the fluorescence signal from the td‐Tomato fluorophore fused to the polypeptide. The ability to image noninvasively a neuron‐specific CEST‐MRI reporter gene could offer valuable insights for further developments of gene therapy for neurological disorders.
An Energy‐Conserving Time Integration Scheme for Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis of Geometrically Exact 3D Euler–Bernoulli Beams
Authors: Chhang Sophy , Sansour Carlo , Keo Pisey , Hjiaj Mohammed , Battini Jean‐Marc , Santana M. V. Bento 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the nonlinear large deformation regime, the beam theory is usually based on the Timoshenko assumption which considers shear deformations. The formulation of a 3D Euler–Bernoulli beam has been significantly delayed and only recently it did attract the attention of few researchers. The main reason lies in the challenging complexities met once an attempt to develop such a theory is undertaken. The main obstacle in defining a three‐dimensional Euler–Bernoulli beam theory lies in the fact that there is no natural way of defining a base system at the deformed configuration. In this article, we provide a novel methodology to do so leading to the development of a spatial rod formulation which incorporates the Euler–Bernoulli assumption. The first approach makes use of Gram–Schmidt orthogonalisation process coupled to a one‐parametric rotation. The latter completes the description of the torsional cross sectional rotation and overcomes the nonuniqueness of the Gram–Schmidt procedure. In a second approach, the rotation tensor is defined based on first and second derivatives of the displacement vector of the centre line. It is followed by one parametric rotation. The proposed formulation is extended to the dynamical case and a stable, energy and momentum conserving time‐stepping algorithm is presented as well. Specifically, the proof of conservation of angular momentum of the time stepping algorithm is highly demanding and is given here in full.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Understanding the Impact of OSA on CRS Disease Burden
Authors: Garvey Emily , Duffy Alexander , Tekumalla Sruti , Naimi Bita , Kahn Chase , Yang Angela , Urdang Zachary , Farquhar Douglas , Rosen Marc , Nyquist Gurston G. , Toskala Elina , Rabinowitz Mindy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveAssess the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) severeity.Study DesignRetrospective database review.SettingTriNetX US database.MethodsTriNetX US Collaborative Network database was queried for cohorts of patients with OSA, CRS, and CRS with comorbid OSA (CRS‐OSA). Data included demographics, CRS severity was assessed via rates of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), antibiotic, and oral steroid use. Propensity score matching was performed to account for differences in demographics and clinical variables.ResultsThe query identified 1,818,879 patients with CRS, 481144 with OSA, and 93,153 CRS‐OSA patients. OSA‐CRS patients had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and asthma than either CRS or OSA populations (P < 0.0001). CRS‐OSA patients demonstrated higher rates of ESS (odds ratio [OR]: 1.91, 1.82‐2.02, P < 0.0001), antibiotic (OR: 1.90, 1.81‐1.96, P < 0.001), and oral steroid use (OR: 2.23, 2.16‐2.28, P < 0.001) compared to CRS‐only patients. CRS‐OSA patients not on continuous positive airway pressure had higher utilization of antibiotics (OR: 3.24, 2.82‐3.71, P < 0.0001) and steroids (OR: 2.28, 2.05‐2.55, P < 0.0001) than nonutilizers. CRS‐OSA patients with sleep‐related surgical interventions required fewer antibiotic courses (OR: 1.93, 1.62‐2.28, P < 0.0001).ConclusionCRS‐OSA patients experience higher rates of comorbidities associated with both diseases than those with CRS or OSA alone. OSA was associated with an increased risk of ESS, antibiotic, and steroid use in patients with CRS. There appears to be a correlation with treatment of OSA and CRS outcomes, however, further studies are required.
Human–nature connectedness and sustainability across lifetimes: A comparative cross‐sectional study in France and Colombia
Authors: Barragan‐Jason Gladys , Cauchoix Maxime , Diaz‐Valencia Paula A. , Syssau‐Vaccarella Arielle , Hemet Solène , Cardozo Camilo , Skevington Suzanne M. , Heeb Philipp , Parmesan Camille 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To achieve sustainable targets, international panels call for a transformative change in human–nature interactions to foster human well‐being and promote pro‐environmental behaviour. The extent to which people considered themselves as part of nature—known as human–nature connectedness—has been shown to be a key societal trait for achieving such a transformative change. Human–nature connectedness is linked to improved human welfare and actions for nature conservation and can be increased by direct contact with natural environments in adults living in the Global North. It has not been shown whether these relations are true across lifetimes and in the Global South, making it difficult to generalise about the effects of human–nature connectedness globally.

Here, we conducted a cross‐sectional study to examine and compare human–nature connectedness across ages in 1858 participants aged 3–87 years from two countries: France (N = 1059) and Colombia (N = 799). We also investigated the links between human–nature connectedness, pro‐environmental behaviours, well‐being and two indicators of opportunity to experience nature (i.e. degree of urbanisation and forest cover around the participants' municipality of residence).

Results show that human–nature connectedness is positively related to well‐being and pro‐environmental behaviours in both countries. Analyses revealed an age‐related pattern of human–nature connectedness with a significant decline from childhood to the mid‐teens in both countries. Overall, Colombian participants have a higher human–nature connectedness than French participants and individuals' human–nature connectedness was negatively linked to the urbanisation's indices in both countries.

Here, we show that human–nature connectedness is linked to sustainable outcomes in a Global South country, just as it is in the Global North. Our study also suggests that increasing contact with nature during formative teenage years could mitigate the observed decline in human–nature connectedness. Future studies are warranted combining qualitative and quantitative measures related to human–nature connectedness, nature experiences, values and practices in relation to nature, in multiple countries from the global South. Our study indicates that enhancing human–nature connectedness could provide an additional tool for achieving sustainable targets globally, not just in highly developed northern‐hemisphere countries.

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Factors Influencing Guardians' Health‐Seeking Decisions for Children With Burkitt Lymphoma in Northern and Central Malawi
Authors: Mbutuka Hellen Rahma , Mapurisa Gugulethu , Mzikamanda Rizine , Hockenberry Marilyn , Ozuah Nmazuo W. , Umar Eric 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe survival of children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in sub‐Saharan Africa is disproportionately low compared to high‐income countries. In Malawi, many of these children are diagnosed in advanced stages. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to survival of children with BL. This qualitative study evaluates factors influencing health‐seeking decisions of guardians of children with BL in Northern and Central Malawi.MethodsWe conducted in‐depth interviews of guardians of children (<18 years) diagnosed with BL and admitted to the Pediatric Oncology Unit at Kamuzu Central Hospital, in Lilongwe, Malawi, from February to April 2023. Participants were identified using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis.ResultsTwenty guardians participated in the interviews. The median age of the respondents was 41 years, and 65% were females. Four main themes emerged as factors influencing health‐seeking behaviors as guardians of children with BL navigated the Malawi health system. These included personal, economic, access to healthcare, and social factors. Financial status consistently emerged as a crucial determinant in the health‐seeking behaviors of guardians, but thematic analysis also revealed knowledge and awareness, geographical accessibility, and symptom interpretation as key factors shaping health‐seeking behaviors for guardians of children with BL. Symptom interpretation was influenced by the limited knowledge of the disease, and the lack of general awareness about childhood cancer.ConclusionWe identified financial and non‐monetary barriers affecting health‐seeking behavior among guardians of children with BL in Malawi. Targeted initiatives to alleviate the economic burden of cancer on affected families and increased awareness campaigns in the community are critical to improving BL outcomes in Malawi and other low‐resourced settings.
Experience of childhood adversity and maladaptive personality traits: Magnitude and specificity of the association in a clinical sample of adult outpatients
Authors: Deiana Valeria , Suprani Federico , Paribello Pasquale , Mura Andrea , Arzedi Carlo , Garzilli Mario , Arru Laura , Manchia Mirko , Carpiniello Bernardo , Pinna Federica 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe relationship between the experience of childhood adversity (CA) and the development of personality disorders (PDs) has been well documented. The dimensional PD alternative model (AMPD) has been introduced in nosography in 2013, and so far it is been used for CA research mostly on non‐clinical samples. We included in our study 137 psychiatric outpatients who were screened for history of maternal antipathy (MA), paternal antipathy (PA), maternal neglect (MN), paternal neglect (PN), maternal physical abuse (MPA), paternal physical abuse (PPA) and sexual abuse (SA) using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) and underwent personality assessment using the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5. Applying CECA.Q cut‐off scores, rates of participants reporting CA were as follows: 14.6% MA; 13.9% PA; 13.1% MN; 10.2% PN; 25.5% MPA; 24.8% PPA; and 22.6% SA. In multivariate regression models, accounting for age, gender and exposure to other types of CA, exposure to MA was associated with increased negative affect, detachment, disinhibition and psychoticism; exposure to PA with increased disinhibition; and exposure to SA with increased antagonism, disinhibition and psychoticism. All effect sizes were small, except for a moderate effect of SA on psychoticism. Results pointed to a small but specific and independent effect of MA on most maladaptive personality traits; a possible specific role of the paternal figure for externalizing traits; and a moderate effect of SA on psychoticism. The cumulative exposure to multiple CAs significantly predicted all maladaptive personality traits, with much larger effect sizes compared to those calculated for single CAs. CA explained the higher proportion of variance for antagonism and psychoticism. In conclusion, exposure to specific forms of childhood abuse was associated with specific maladaptive traits in psychiatric outpatients, even if the effect of cumulative multiple CAs was larger.
Paraphilias, problematic sexual behaviours and personality disorder—To what extent are they linked?
Authors: Yakeley Jessica , Rost Felicitas , Wood Heather , Abid Safia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundSince DSM‐III, mental disorders have been classified based on overt symptoms and behaviours rather than underlying psychological and personality processes.AimsThis study examines the occurrence of personality dysfunction in individuals with paraphilic disorders and problematic sexual behaviours.MethodThe Shedler‐Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP‐200), a clinician‐rated assessment measure of personality disorders, was administered in a sample of 303 patients referred to a specialist forensic psychotherapy clinic.Sixty‐six percent (N = 200) of the sample were diagnosable with traits of one or more DSM‐5 personality disorders, and 35% (N = 106) were diagnosable with categorical DSM‐5 personality disorders. When an alternative set of empirically derived personality diagnoses was examined, 94% (N = 285) had significant traits of the personality syndromes, and 62% (N = 188) of the sample met criteria for categorical diagnoses.ConclusionsParaphilic fantasies and behaviours may be linked to underlying personality pathology, suggesting implications for assessment and treatment.
The Favorable Effects of Incorporating Bulky Rigid Moieties Into Polymethylsilane (PMS) on the Melt‐Spinnability of Its Derived Preceramic Polymer
Authors: Shen Guobo , Liao Mingdong , Xu Ping , Hu Xiebo , Zeng Chen , Zhang Ze , Zhong Chenghao , Zhang Mingyu , Su Zhean , Huang Qizhong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe wide applications of continuous silicon carbide fiber (SiCf) are constrained by the high cost of its common raw material, polycarbosilane (PCS). Polymethylsilane(PMS) exhibits higher reactivity and a lower production cost than PCS. Nevertheless, the disadvantages of pyrophoric nature and thermoset properties in raw PMS necessitate improvements for practical applications. Herein, benzoxazine resin (VBR) with vinyl functional groups is utilized to modify PMS via hydrosilylation. After modification, a stable preceramic polymer with excellent processability is obtained. The ordered and symmetrical molecular architecture of the initial PMS is changed. This results in an increase of the molecular rigidity, which in turn constrains the alteration of molecular conformation and diminishes the tendency toward crystallization. The modified PMS exhibits a shear‐thinning behavior and thermoplastic properties upon heating, making it suitable for melt‐spinning. The molecular orientation of the newly formed network structure in the modified PMS is aligned with the shear force during melt‐spinning, facilitating the extrusion of green fibers and thereby imparting superior spinnability to the modified PMS. By optimizing the temperature of melt‐spinning to 210°C, we produce continuous SiC green fibers with lengths exceeding 10 km. This work presents a promising candidate for the economic preparation of SiC fiber.
Exploration of the potential impact of batch‐to‐batch variability on the establishment of pharmacokinetic bioequivalence for inhalation powder drug products
Authors: Li Shuhui , Feng Kairui , Lee Jieon , Gong Yuqing , Wu Fang , Newman Bryan , Yoon Miyoung , Fang Lanyan , Zhao Liang , Gobburu Jogarao V. S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBatch‐to‐batch variability in inhalation powder has been identified as a potential challenge in the development of generic versions. This study explored the impact of batch‐to‐batch variability on the probability of establishing pharmacokinetic (PK) bioequivalence (BE) in a two‐sequence, two‐period (2 × 2) crossover study. A model‐based parametric simulation approach was employed, incorporating batch‐to‐batch variability through the relative bioavailability (RBA) ratio. In the absence of batch variability, recruiting a total of 48 subjects in a 2 × 2 crossover study with the reference formulation resulted in a 95% probability of concluding BE. However, this probability decreased to 80% with a 5% batch difference in RBA and further declined to 30% with a 10% batch difference. With a 10% batch difference, the required number of subjects to achieve an 80% probability of concluding BE increased to 84. When considering product differences between the reference and the test formulations, an additional 10% batch difference reduced the study power from 97% to 30% for a T/R bioavailability ratio of 100% in a 2 × 2 crossover study with 48 subjects. As a result, the substantial impact of batch‐to‐batch variability on the study power and type I error of the PK BE study may pose significant challenges for the development of generic Advair Diskus due to its degree of PK batch‐to‐batch variability. Therefore, alternative PK BE study designs and guidelines are needed to adequately address the influence of batch‐to‐batch variability in products like Advair Diskus.