bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geschiedenis van de (lokale) bestuurswetenschappen: sociografie, sociologie en bestuurskunde
Authors: Reussing Rik 
Published: March 2019

History of the (local) administrative sciences: sociography, sociology and Public Administration
A large number of people, institutions, journals and approaches have contributed to the history of (local) administrative sciences in the Netherlands. Initially (around 1914) the legal approach was dominant; from 1964 onwards, political science would become the dominant approach; and from 1990 onwards, Public Administration would increasingly profile itself as an independent discipline. This essay concentrates on the influence on this development of sociology and its, typically Dutch, predecessor sociography. The starting point here is the promotion tree of the founder of the Dutch sociology Sebald Steinmetz. Through him various lines (via his doctorates Nicolaas ter Veen and Jakob Kruijt) go to modern Public Administration. This essay tells the story of the influence of sociography and sociology on the development of the administrative sciences and modern Public Administration in six acts, in which two persons from the promotion tree are discussed (via Sjoerd Groenman, who is promoted by Nicolaas ter Veen there are two different lines again). The line via Jakob Kruijt contains Aris van Braam (he wrote in 1957 what is considered the first Dutch empirical study in Public Administration) and Jos Raadschelders. The first line via Sjoerd Groenman contains Henk Brasz (the first full-time professor in Public Administration in the Netherlands), Fred Fleurke and Ko de Ridder. The second line via Sjoerd Groenman contains Joop Ellemers, Geert Braam (professor at the first regular Dutch Public Administration programme in Twente) and Wim Derksen. These acts are framed with short intermezzos about the other sociological key figures who played an important role in the story of sociography, sociology and Public Administration. In conclusion, the author of this essay discusses the continuing relevance of sociology for modern Public Administration.
Van Middelburg tot Almelo. Het hoe en waarom van prejudiciële vragen aan het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie door Nederlandse lagere rechters
Authors: Krommendijk Jasper 
Published: March 2019

Van Middelburg tot Almelo. Het hoe en waarom van prejudiciële vragen aan het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie door Nederlandse lagere rechters From Middelburg to Almelo; the how and why of referencing to the CJEU by lower court judges.
Het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie heeft baanbrekende uitspraken gedaan, vooral als gevolg van prejudiciële vragen van nationale rechters op grond van art. 267 VWEU. Het zijn vooral niet-verwijzingsplichtige lagere rechters geweest die voor deze aanvoer hebben gezorgd. Dit artikel onderzoekt hoe dit kan worden verklaard en kijkt naar de motieven van Nederlandse lagere rechters om al dan niet prejudiciële vragen te stellen aan het HvJ. Het doet dit op basis van interviews met 22 rechters en een uitgebreide juridische analyse van uitspraken. Dit artikel toont aan dat met name pragmatische en praktische overwegingen een rol spelen bij het besluit om te verwijzen. Daarnaast laat dit artikel zien dat er meer verschillen zijn binnen een lidstaat dan tussen lidstaten onderling, met name tussen gerechtelijke instanties en individuele rechters.The Court of Justice of the European Union has rendered landmark cases, especially following references for a preliminary ruling from national courts on the basis of Art. 267 TFEU. Primarily lower courts that are not obliged to refer have been responsible for such cases. This article examines how these references of lower courts can be explained by focusing on the motives of the Dutch lower court judges to refer, or not to refer. It does so on the basis of interviews with 22 judges and an extensive legal analysis of judgments. This article shows that practical and pragmatic considerations play an important role in the court’s decision to refer. In addition, there are more differences within one Member States than between EU Member States, especially between particular courts and individual judges.
The effective public enforcement of cartels: perceptions on the functioning of the objection procedure and the reality
Authors: Outhuijse Annalies 
Published: March 2019

The effective public enforcement of cartels: perceptions on the functioning of the objection procedure and the reality
Companies fined for infringing the cartel prohibition are denied access to the courts until the competition authority has reviewed its fining decision in the objection procedure. Several stakeholders have been negative about the functioning of this objection procedure in case of cartel fines, including because of its limited ability to resolve disputes and the cost and length of the procedure. In light of the discussions on the effectiveness of this objection procedure, this article analyses the ability of the cartel objection procedure to resolve disputes on basis of an analysis of the decisions on objection, as well as interviews with the parties involved in the objection procedure and a study of relevant literature. Previous studies have shown that the success of the objection procedure, regarding dispute resolution, depends on the nature of the dispute, the reason that the objection is made and the organisation of the procedure. Reviewing the data which was gathered through the interviews and case analysis with the knowledge of these factors influencing the success of the objection procedure, the article concludes that these previously carried out studies can explain the limited ability of the cartel objection procedure to resolve disputes.
Dous loci critici nas cantigas de Estevan da Guarda
Authors: Ferreiro Manuel 
Published: March 2019

A pesar dos anos transcorridos desde o descubrimento dos cancioneiros que transmitiron a lírica profana galego-portuguesa e a pesar de todo o traballo realizado no ámbito textual, aínda fican múltiplos loci critici que debemos enfrontar e, no posíbel, clarificar.
Neste artigo pretendemos resolver dúas cuestións de carácter lexical que se localizan en senllas cantigas do trobador posdionisino Estevan da Guarda, para, desta maneira, recuperarmos a lección ‘verdadeira’ do texto das cantigas, con maior fidelidade á letra e ao espírito dos textos medievais.
Stratégies, audience et lectorat de la littérature diasporique ouest-africaine
Authors: Toure Cisse Fatoumata 
Published: March 2019

L’on distingue dans la littérature africaine francophone deux catégories ; il existe d’une part, les littératures exclusivement publiées dans les pays excentrés, et d’autre part, les littératures en lien étroit avec la littérature française. Les premières définies comme les littératures de l’exigüité par François Paré, se cantonnent à leur zone de production ; leurs instances de légitimité ne leur conférant qu’une vague visibilité à l’échelle mondiale. Le second groupe aspire à voir le jour en France, à être sacré par le champ littéraire franco-parisien et à intégrer la littérature mondiale.
Pour ce faire, les écrivains africains de la diaspora mettent en place des stratégies de valorisation pour leur acceptation dans le système littéraire francophone. L’article analyse ces stratégies et ces postures de valorisation auctoriales et esthétiques pour accéder à la République des Lettres.
Selvforsømmelse, fuldskab og andre beskidte ting i Koranen og tidlig islam
Authors: Christiansen Johanne Louise 
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This article presents and discusses two cases from the Qurʾān and the early Islamic post-qurʾānic period that may be relevant to the overall topic of this special issue, “Salvation through impurity (anomic practice)”: 1) The so-called ‘drunken’ or ‘intoxicated’ Islamic mystics, here represented by the Persian ṣūfī al-Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj (d. 922); and 2) the state of iḥrām, which is the holy state that a Muslim enters in connection with the minor and major Islamic pilgrimage. Based on the two cases, which I have termed an obvious and an unobvious example of the positive (post)Axial relation between salvation and anomic practice, I propose the analytical distinction between a ‘temporary’ and ‘permanent’ ‘fetishism with impurity’. Whereas the drunken ṣūfīs seem to pursue a more permanent anomic – and perhaps impure – mode of being, the qurʾānic descriptions of the state of iḥrām indicate a temporary and controlled exit from and entry back into the normal system. I argue that such a negotiation, and ultimately archaic solution, could be a result of the Qurʾān being a complex, conflictual, and tension-filled post-Axial compromise from its very beginning.
DANSK RESUMÉ: I denne artikel præsenterer og diskuterer jeg to cases fra henholdsvis Koranen og den tidlige islamiske post-koraniske periode som kan være relevante for dette temanummers overordnede tema): 1) De såkaldte ‘fulde’ eller ‘berusede’ islamiske mystikere repræsenteret her af den persiske ṣūfī al-Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj (d. 922); og 2) iḥrām-tilstanden, som er den hellige tilstand man som muslim indtræder i i forbindelse med den lille og store islamiske pilgrimsfærd. Med udgangspunkt i de to cases, som jeg har kaldt et oplagt og et uoplagt eksempel på en positiv (post-)aksial forbindelse mellem frelse og anomisk prasisk, foreslår jeg den analytiske skelnen mellem en ‘temporær’ og en ‘permanent urenhedsfetichisme’. Hvor de fulde ṣūfīer synes at søge en mere permanent anomisk – og måske uren – situation, er de koraniske beskrivelser af iḥrām-tilstanden en temporær og kontrolleret exit fra og entry tilbage til det normale system. Jeg argumenterer for, at en sådan forhandling, og i sidste ende arkaisk løsning, kan skyldes at Koranen allerede fra sin begyndelse var et komplekst, konfliktuelt og spændingsfyldt post-aksialt kompromis.
‘Respect Pollution’: Urenhed og renselse i hinduismens rituelle personhierarki
Authors: Aktor Mikael 
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The American anthropologist Edward B. Harper coined the concept ‘respect pollution’ for a practice where a person shows respect towards another person at a higher level in the Hindu ritual hierarchy by doing something in relation to the latter that would normally be regarded as involving impurity and pollution. That could be touching someone’s feet or foot wear, eating the lefto-vers of others, or getting in physical contact with urine or feces. What would normally be regarded as impure becomes a source of purification or even salvation when it is an index of a ritually superior person, say, a saint or a god, or even, for women, one’s husband. This article explains the background of these practices in the classical rules of purification known from the medieval Hindu law literature with respect to each of these cases, feet, sandals, leftovers, feces and urine, but ex-pands the field by including places of death and cremation. In the second part of the article examples are given of the ways these cases are turned into ‘respect pollution’.
DANSK RESUMÉ: Den amerikanske antropolog Edward B. Harper introducere-de begrebet ‘respect pollution’ for en praksis, hvor en person viser respekt for en anden person, der står højere i det rituelle personhierarki, ved at gøre noget i for-hold til denne, der almindeligvis involverer rituel urenhed og besmittelse. Det kan være at komme i berøring med andres fødder eller fodtøj, at spise rester af mad, andre har spist af, eller at komme i berøring med afføring eller urin. Ting, der el-lers opfattes som urene, bliver i en sådan praksis kilde til renselse eller endda frel-se, forudsat at de konkrete urenheder er knyttet personer med højere status i det ri-tuelle hierarki, det være sig en helgen eller en gud, eller, for kvinder, ens ægte-mand. Artiklen forklarer baggrunden for disse praksisser i de klassiske regler for renselse, der er formuleret i den middelalderlige hindulovlitteratur, i forhold til hver af disse eksempler, fødder, sandaler, madrester og afføring, men udvider feltet ved også at inddrage steder, hvor en person er død eller kremeret. I den anden del af artiklen gives der eksempler på, hvordan disse felter transformeres til medier for ‘respect pollution’.
Galskab og hellighed: Overskridelsens logik og retorik i chan/zen-buddhismen
Authors: Borup Jørn 
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Antinomian transgressions have played an important role in Chinese Chan Buddhism (and to a lesser extent in Japanese Zen Buddhism). Wild, crazy, fierce and strange figures have, together with ‘the enlightened layman’, been used as expressions of the Chan/Zen universe, whose style is quite unique in the history of religions. The present article investigates these transgressions’ hermeneutic and performative logic as a contrast to the ‘religion of order’ which is also represented by Buddhism. I argue that in both phenomenological and historical perspective these are expressions of post-axial religion.
DANSK RESUMÉ: Antinomiske overskridelser har spillet en væsentlig rolle i kinesisk chan-buddhisme (og i mindre udstrækning i japansk zen-buddhisme). Vilde, skøre, voldsomme og sære figurer har sammen med den ‘ordinære lægmand’ været brugt til udtryk for chan/zen-buddhismens univers, hvis stil er ganske unik i hele religionshistorien. Nærværende artikel undersøger disse overskridelsers hermeneutiske og performative logik som kontrast til den ‘ordensreligion’, buddhismen også repræsenterer. Jeg argumenterer for, at disse både i religionsfænomenologisk og -historisk perspektiv er udtryk for post-aksial religion.
Mellem asoteriologiske aforismer og sort gnosis: Emil Cioran, Peter Sloterdijk og Peter Sloterdijks Cioran
Authors: Fiedler Erik Sporon 
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This article presents an introduction to the Romanian author Emil Cioran’s life and work. Cioran lived most of his life in self-imposed exile in Paris, where he kept himself out of the public gaze. From his small attic on the left bank of the river Seine, he published numerous collections of aphorisms and essays dealing with his own miserabilism and permanent existential despair. Further, in his books he is reflecting on the human condition in a world where humans have no possibility of receiving nor acquiring salvation or redemption. This presentation of Cioran leads to an investigation of his influence on the work and thought of the German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk. I show that Cioran in fact plays an important and long-lasting role throughout Sloterdijk’s authorship by analysing texts from three different periods of his oeuvre. Thus, I seek to construct a picture of Sloterdijk’s Cioran and understand why he is important to him.
DANSK RESUMÉ: I denne artikel gives en generel præsentation af og introduktion til den rumænske forfatter Emil Ciorans liv og værk. Cioran levede størstedelen af sit liv i selvvalgt eksil i Paris uden for offentlighedens søgelys. Fra sit lille loftskammer på den venstre bred af Seinen publicerede han løbende samlinger af aforismer og essays omhandlende sin egen miserabilisme og permanente eksistentielle ulykke. Endvidere reflekterer han i bøgerne over den menneskelige eksistens vilkår i en verden, hvorfra mennesket ikke har nogen muligheder for at blive forløst. Præsentationen af Cioran fører til en undersøgelse af hans indflydelse på den tyske filosof Peter Sloterdijks værk og tænkning. Gennem en analyse af tekster fra tre forskellige perioder i Sloterdijks forfatterskab viser jeg, at Cioran spiller en vigtig og vedvarende rolle igennem hele Sloterdijks filosofiske arbejde. Således forsøger jeg at konstruere et billede af Sloterdijks Cioran og at forstå hvorfor han anser ham for vigtig.
Helgener over det hele: Polymorf middelalderkristendom i Vor Frue Kirke, Skive
Authors: Haritopoulos Nikolaj Skou 
Published: March 2019

English ABSTRACT: Drawing on iconographic material in the form of a decoration of church frescoes from the year 1522 in the medieval parish church Vor Frue Kirke in Skive (in Jutland) this article examines the Christian cult and mythology of saints in the Late Middle Ages as an expression of a polytheistic, systematizing world view. Taking a theoretical departure point in Robert Bellah’s theory of religious evolution concerning archaic and axial forms of religion and within the medieval Christian world view, the article provides an analysis of the catalogue of saints in Skive to determine which functions each saint seems to occupy in a pantheon and to uncover a grand scale hierarchy of the decoration as a whole. Finally, the catalogue of saints is put further into the big comparative perspective within Bellah’s theoretical framework by a comparison with the ancient Mesopotamian kudurru of the Babylonian king Melishipak 2nd as a typical archaic and analogistic system of gods.
DANSK RESUMÉ: Med eksempel i ikonografisk materiale i form af en udsmykning af kalkmalerier fra år 1522 i den middelalderlige sognekirke Vor Frue Kirke i Skive bliver den senmiddelalderlige kristne helgenkult og -mytologi i denne artikel under-søgt som udtryk for en polyteistisk, systematiserende verdensopfattelse. Med teoretisk udgangspunkt i Robert Bellahs religionsevolutionære teori om arkaiske og aksiale religionsformer og i det middelalderkristne verdenssyn gives en analyse af helgenka-taloget i Skive med henblik på at kortlægge, hvilke funktioner hver helgen udfylder i et panteon, og at afdække en overordnet hierarkisering af udsmykningen. Afslut-ningsvis sættes helgenkataloget yderligere ind i et større komparativt perspektiv via en sammenligning med den babylonske kong Melishipak 2.’s kudurru som et typisk arkaisk-analogistisk system af guder.
Association of late-onset postpartum depression of mothers with expressive language development during infancy and early childhood: the HBC study
Authors: Aoyagi Sona-Sanae , Takei Nori , Nishimura Tomoko , Nomura Yoko , Tsuchiya Kenji J. 
Published: March 2019

Background
While it has been implied that an infant’s exposure to maternal postpartum depression (PPD) may be associated with delayed development of expressive language, it remains unclear whether such a delay persists into childhood and whether the onset of PPD onset—early (within 4 weeks after childbirth) vs. late (between 5 and 12 weeks postpartum)—is relevant in this context.

Objective
To examine whether children of mothers with early- or late-onset PPD have reduced expressive language scores during infancy and early childhood (up to 40 months of age).

Methods
This longitudinal, observational study was conducted as a part of the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC Study), a population-representative sample in Japan. A total of 969 neonates and their mothers were included in the analysis.

Exposures
Early- and late-onset PPD was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

Main Outcomes and Measures
Expressive language development was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Six points over time were monitored (10, 14, 18, 24, 32, and 40 months postpartum). The relationship between the exposure variable and any change in expressive language score was evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis and growth curve analysis, both adjusted for covariates.

Results
Results from the adjusted regression analysis showed that children of mothers with late-onset PPD had significantly lower expressive language scores at 18 months of age and beyond, with a score reduction of approximately 0.6 standard deviations from the reference value at 40 months of age (95% CI [−0.888 to −0.265], p < .001). This association was confirmed on growth curve analysis, which revealed a significant, monotonic decline of expressive language development between 10 and 40 months of age among children of mothers with late-onset PPD, but not among children of mothers with early-onset PPD.

Conclusion
Exposure to late-onset PPD may lead to a persistent decline in the rate of expressive language development in offspring during infancy and early childhood, highlighting the significance of monitoring for late-onset PPD to facilitate early detection and intervention.
Preliminary Studies on Isolation, Bile Tolerance and Antibiogram of Potential Probiotics (Probionts) from Locally Fermented Food Products at Beach Market, Nsukka Metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Berebon D. P. , Ofokansi K. C. , Attama A. A. , Eze C. O. , Onwusoba R. C. , Ugwoke I. C. 
Published: March 2019

Aims: The study aims to isolate, evaluate bile tolerance and antibiogram studies of potential probiotics (Lactobacillus spp) from locally fermented Food Products (Akamu, Aqua Rafa® Yoghurt, Ogiri, Okpeye) and Kunu at Beach Market, Nsukka.
Study Design: A ten - fold serial dilution and spread plate method using De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium was adopted for isolation of potential Probionts.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, between March - September, 2018.
Methodology: Only catalase negative and Gram positive isolates characteristic of lactobacilli were used. Bile tolerance test was performed by monitoring the bacterial growth at different Bile salt concentrations (0.2%, 0.3% and 2%). The antibiogram of the isolates was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against commercial antibiotic discs of ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, methicillin and erythromycin.
Results: All the 18 screened isolates were tolerant to bile salt at 0.2 % and 0.3 % with inhibition of growth at 2 % bile concentration. All isolates were observed to be resistant to methicillin (100 %) but very sensitive to gentamycin (11%) and ciprofloxacin (22%) respectively. The isolates showed intermediate resistance to other antibiotics: vancomycin (33%), erythromycin (33%) and ampicillin (44%). The decreasing pattern of resistance was thus: methicillin > ampicillin > vancomycin and erythromycin > ciprofloxacin > gentamycin. Isolates from Yoghurt (66.67%) and Ogiri (53.33%) provided most of the resistant isolates. Methicillin would provide best antagonist potential as all the isolates exhibited very high level of resistance (100 %).
Conclusion: These results suggest that all the eighteen potential Lactobacillus spp strain show potential for probiotic applications and the locally fermented food products are rich sources of probionts.
The Challenges of Retirees and Older Persons in Nigeria; a Need for Close Attention and Urgent Action
Authors: Daramola O. E. , Awunor N. S. , Akande T. M. 
Published: March 2019

The Nigerian population is undergoing demographic transition, with a rising population of older persons. The population of the older persons in Nigeria is estimated to be around 6 million and a continuous increase is projected as a developing country in the second stage of demographic transition, with its high birth rate and lower death rate.
There are usually three main challenges confronting this age group. The first is poverty, due to loss or reduction of earning power. The second is the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, with the accompanying increased healthcare utilization and financial burdens. Elder abuse has also been gaining attention as a major social problem.
Tackling these challenges requires multidimensional approach, joint collaborations and involvement of many stakeholders, hinging on strong government and political commitment, which is critical for effective implementation of any policy. It is essential to engage all stakeholders including; governments, institutions, organizations, civil society groups, private sector, community leaders, youth and youth groups, health-care providers, researchers, caregivers, families, older people, and the general public towards developing capacities for translating internationally agreed policy frameworks into practical realities and ensuring that older persons in Nigeria enjoy income security, access to health care and not subjected to abuse.