bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unnötige abdominelle Eingriffe bei Patienten mit hereditärem Angioödem
Authors: Hahn Janina , Hoess Alisa , Friedrich Daniel Thomas , Mayer Benjamin , Schauf Lucia , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Greve Jens 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDas hereditäre Angioödem (HAE) ist eine seltene genetische Erkrankung mit rezidivierenden Schwellungen der Schleimhäute und der Haut. Es wird durch Bradykinin vermittelt und kann praktisch jeden Teil des menschlichen Körpers betreffen, einschließlich des Gastrointestinaltrakts, der Extremitäten sowie des Kehlkopfs und des Rachens. Zur akuten und prophylaktischen Behandlung des HAE stehen sichere und wirksame Arzneimittel zur Verfügung. Aufgrund seiner unspezifischen Symptome und besonderen Manifestationen wird das HAE jedoch häufig verkannt und falsch behandelt. Insbesondere abdominelle Ödeme können einer Appendizitis oder Cholezystitis ähneln, weshalb sie häufig unnötig chirurgisch behandelt werden. Wir haben eine Fragebogen‐Studie zur Quantifizierung dieses Problems durchgeführt.Patienten und MethodenEs wurden Fragebögen für HAE‐Patienten und Probanden ohne HAE entworfen. Das Verhältnis von Patienten zu Kontrollpersonen betrug 1: 2.ErgebnisseIm Vergleich zur Gesamtbevölkerung wird bei HAE‐Patienten eine signifikant höhere Zahl invasiver diagnostischer und therapeutischer Interventionen durchgeführt. Unsere Studie zeigt, dass bei HAE‐Patienten die Wahrscheinlichkeit abdominalchirurgischer (wie gynäkologischer und urologischer) Eingriffe 2,5mal höher ist als bei Probanden ohne HAE (p = 0,007). Die Zahl der Operationen pro Patient korrelierte mit dem Zeitraum (Anzahl der Jahre) zwischen Einsetzen der Symptome und Diagnose stellung (Korrelationskoeffizient 0,511; Spearman). Außerdem wurden bei HAE‐Patienten doppelt so viele Appendektomien durchgeführt (18,9 % vs. 37.7 %). Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen auch, dass Gastroskopien bei HAE‐Patienten 2,3mal häufiger waren als bei Kontrollpersonen ohne HAE (p = 0,003).SchlussfolgerungenPatienten mit seltenen Krankheiten wie dem HAE leiden nicht nur an den Auswirkungen der Krankheit selbst. Die Krankheiten werden aufgrund mangelnden Wissens über solche Störungen und unspezifischer Symptome häufig jahrelang verkannt. Dies führt nicht nur zu falscher und wirkungsloser Behandlung, sondern auch zu unnötiger invasiver Diagnostik und Therapie. Daher ist es wichtig, Kenntnisse zu und Aufmerksamkeit gegenüber seltenen Krankheiten wie HAE zu stärken, um Diagnostik und Behandlung zu verbessern, das Leiden der Patienten zu minimieren und ihre Lebensqualität zu steigern.
Update Dermatologische Lasertherapie 2018 I – Epilation, Gefäße und Pigmente
Authors: Paasch Uwe , Grunewald Sonja 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungTechnische Innovationen der letzten Jahre führen zu neuen dermatologischen Lasern, Strahlquellen und Behandlungskonzepten. Bekannte Wellenlängen, die neuerdings auf der Basis von LED emittiert werden können, ermöglichen die Kombination verschiedener Gewebeeffekte und lassen bessere Ergebnisse erwarten. Laserepilationen werden infolge simultaner Applikation verschieden wirksamer Wellenlängen auf Diodenbasis effizienter. Die Gefäßbehandlung wird in naher Zukunft ebenso von neuen LED beeinflusst werden, da auch hier die Kombination von Wellenlängen Vorteile erwarten lässt. Möglicherweise lassen sich in Zukunft auch komplexe Farbstofflaser durch LED ersetzen. Zur Entfernung kleiner Pigmente wie in Tätowierungen sind nunmehr Pikosekundenlaser verfügbar.
Disturbance or propagule pressure? Unravelling the drivers and mapping the intensity of invasion of free‐ranging dogs across the Atlantic forest hotspot
Authors: Ribeiro Fernando S. , Nichols Elizabeth , Morato Ronaldo G. , Metzger Jean Paul , Pardini Renata 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimIdentifying the drivers of biological invasions is crucial to predict the risk of invasion across broad spatial scales and to devise strategies to prevent invasion impacts. Here, we explore the relative importance and synergies between two key drivers—propagule pressure and landscape disturbance—in determining the invasion of native forest remnants by dogs, one of the most abundant, widely distributed, and harmful invasive species worldwide.LocationBrazilian Atlantic Forest.MethodsCombining a camera trap dataset (96 sites in forest remnants) and censuses of populations of dogs raised by humans across 12 landscapes (2,830 ha each), we used N‐mixture models that account for imperfect detection to confront alternative hypotheses of invasion drivers. We then used this empirical evidence to predict the intensity of dog invasion across the Atlantic Forest hotspot.ResultsPropagule pressure (density of raised dogs, positive effect) and landscape disturbance (forest cover, negative effect) were equally important drivers of dog invasion, presenting additive rather than synergistic effects. Dogs invade forest remnants far from their homes, making the density of raised dogs the key component of propagule pressure (relative to dog spatial distribution). Forest cover was more important than either the length or density of forest edges, suggesting that both reduced area of forested barriers to long‐distance movements and increased proximity of forests to edges facilitate dog access to forests. Across the Atlantic Forest, the combination of high human population density and extensive deforestation makes dog invasion an additional and widespread threat.Main conclusionCombined with available maps of priority areas for biodiversity conservation, our spatial prediction of dog invasion can help target areas for integrated management actions. These actions should go beyond measures to control dog populations and encompass the maintenance and restoration of native forests and strategic planning of afforestation through planted forests.
Complex biogeographical patterns support an ecological connectivity network of a large marine predator in the north‐east Atlantic
Authors: Alves Filipe , Alessandrini  Anita , Servidio Antonella , Mendonça Ana Sofia , Hartman Karin L. , Prieto Rui , Berrow Simon , Magalhães Sara , Steiner Lisa , Santos Rui , Ferreira Rita , Pérez Jacobo Marrero , Ritter Fabian , Dinis Ana , Martín Vidal , Silva Mónica , Aguilar de Soto Natacha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThe knowledge of a species biogeographical patterns greatly enhances our understanding of geographical ecology, which can improve identifying key conservation needs. Yet, this knowledge is still scarce for many marine top predators. Here, we aim to analyse movement patterns and spatial structuring of a large predator, the short‐finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus, over a wide geographical area.LocationNorth‐east Atlantic, in Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira and Canaries) and Iberian Peninsula (Sagres).MethodsWe used likelihood techniques to estimate residency times and transition probabilities and carried out social analysis from individual photographic identification data, and analysed year‐round distribution from effort‐related sightings, collated between 1999 and 2015.ResultsThe best‐fitting models included emigration and reimmigration and showed different residency times within each archipelago. A total of 26 individual movements from 21 individuals (from a sample of >2,300 individuals) were recorded between Madeira and the neighbouring archipelagos, and heterogeneous transition probabilities were estimated within and between areas. A social network diagram showed associations from animals with distinct residency patterns. Higher significant sighting rates were recorded during autumn in the Azores and Madeira.Main conclusionsThe variation in site fidelity and year‐round occupancy among areas of the Macaronesia is consistent with some degree of population structuring, which combined with a connectivity network and seasonal inflows from animals inhabiting offshore waters, support the development of a complex social and geographical ecology in short‐finned pilot whales. The combination of techniques applied in this study was an effective way to estimate parameters of movement, which could be a good practice to be used for other scenarios and species.
The biogeography of invasion in tropical and temperate seagrass beds: Testing interactive effects of predation and propagule pressure
Authors: Cheng Brian S. , Ruiz Gregory M. , Altieri Andrew H. , Torchin Mark E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimRecent work has documented latitudinal gradients of biotic resistance, revealing diminished invasion success in the tropics as compared to the temperate zone. However, no studies have explored the biogeography of biotic resistance simultaneously with propagule pressure, which can greatly influence invasion dynamics and covary with latitude.Location9–41° latitude, north‐western Atlantic seagrass beds.MethodsWe conducted field experiments to test the interactive effects of propagule pressure (experimentally placed recruits) and biotic resistance (predation) on invader performance in temperate and tropical seagrass beds. For these experiments, we used marine invertebrate propagules from bryozoans (Bugula neritina) and tunicates (Didemnum spp.). We also quantified natural recruitment with and without exposure to predators.ResultsSurprisingly, predation substantially reduced invader survival at almost all latitudes. Overall, invaders experienced 15%–27% survival with predation as opposed to 75%–87% survival without predation. These patterns did not change when we increased local scale propagule pressure of Bugula by over 2‐fold. However, predation had no effect on invader survival in Florida, where natural recruitment was up to 500‐fold greater than other sites. We also measured substantial in situ recruitment of Bugula onto bare experimental surfaces that was not diminished with exposure to predators at mid‐latitudes, suggesting a regional scale predator swamping effect.ConclusionsContrary to recent findings of latitudinal variation in biotic resistance, we found that predation strongly reduced invader success in both temperate and tropical seagrass beds. However, our results also indicate that propagule pressure (natural recruitment) can influence invasion at the regional scale to overwhelm native communities. Our data suggest that predation and propagule pressure act at varying spatial scales to affect biogeographic patterns of invasion. The importance of latitudinal variation in these interactions is largely untested but deserves attention given that globalization will continue to facilitate opportunities for invasion.
Environmental tolerance of three gammarid species with and without invasion record under current and future global warming scenarios
Authors: Casties Isabel , Clemmesen Catriona , Briski Elizabeta 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimNumerous regions worldwide are highly impacted by anthropogenic activities and globalization, with climate change and species introductions being among the greatest stressors to biodiversity and ecosystems. A main donor region of non‐indigenous species (NIS) for numerous European water bodies, as well as in the North American Great Lakes is the Ponto‐Caspian region (i.e., Black, Azov and Caspian Seas), with some of those species having significant impact on local communities and ecosystem functioning.LocationNorthern European, Ponto‐Caspian and North American regions.MethodsTo determine environmental tolerance of native species and related NIS under current and future global warming scenarios of the Baltic Sea, we conducted common garden experiments to test temperature tolerance of three euryhaline gammarid species: one Baltic (Gammarus oceanicus), one Ponto‐Caspian (Pontogammarus maeoticus) and one North American species (Gammarus tigrinus) in two different salinities.ResultsOur results determined that mortality of P. maeoticus in all temperature treatments (i.e., increased, control, and decreased) at the end of both experiments (i.e., conducted in salinities of 10 and 16 g/kg) was lower when compared to mortality of G. oceanicus and (c) G. tigrinus. The highest mortality was observed for G. oceanicus, reaching 100% in both experiments in the increased temperature treatment.Main conclusionsDue to the high environmental tolerance of the Ponto‐Caspian species tested in this study, as well as the fact that Ponto‐Caspian species evolved in environmentally variable habitats and currently inhabit warmer waters than species from North America and Northern Europe, we suggest that species from the Ponto‐Caspian region may benefit from global warming when invading new areas. Those new invasions may, in the best case scenario, increase biodiversity of the Baltic Sea. However, if notorious invaders arrive, they may have a significant impact on local communities and ecosystem functioning.
Beta diversity response to stress severity and heterogeneity in sensitive versus tolerant stream diatoms
Authors: Pound Katrina L. , Lawrence Gregory B. , Passy Sophia I. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimSeverity and heterogeneity of stress are major constraints of beta diversity, but their relative influence is poorly understood. Here, we addressed this question by examining the patterns of beta diversity in stress‐sensitive versus stress‐tolerant stream diatoms and their response to local versus regional factors along gradients of stress severity and heterogeneity.LocationThe Adirondack region of New York.MethodsBeta diversity was measured as multivariate dispersion of communities across high stress, low stress, and high + low stress (heterogeneous) environments, encompassing 200 stream samples. Null models were implemented to assess community similarity relative to randomly assembled communities and the importance of local assembly processes versus the regional species pool.ResultsThe overall beta diversity was influenced by a combination of severity and heterogeneity of stress, while beta diversity of sensitive species increased with heterogeneity. Beta diversity of tolerant species did not vary with either severity or heterogeneity of stress. Heterogeneity decreased community similarity relative to the null expectation in all groups of species. Stress reduced the importance of local assembly mechanisms for the overall beta diversity and sensitive species beta diversity. In contrast, the importance of local assembly mechanisms increased with stress regarding beta diversity of tolerant species.Main conclusionsBeta diversity responded to both severity and heterogeneity of stress, but turnover along these gradients was mostly driven by sensitive species. The overall beta diversity and beta diversity of sensitive species became more constrained by the depauperate regional species pool, as opposed to local assembly mechanisms. While heterogeneous stress contributed to beta diversity, severe stress suppressed beta diversity through elimination of sensitive species. Therefore, an increase in beta diversity in an environmentally‐stressed region may serve as a forewarning for future loss of sensitive species, should the stress continue to intensify.
Retrieving the ‘subject’ of European integration
Authors: Neuvonen Päivi Johanna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this article, a critical reinterpretation of citizens as subjects of European integration moves the focus of EU law from EU citizens' subjection to their subjectification. This analysis draws on post‐structural social theory in arguing that the law is instrumental to securing the material conditions for transnational political subjectification because it regulates both EU citizens' access to transnational social relations and the perception of difference between them. However, the law also reinforces constraints on the process of transnational subjectification. Systematic obstacles, which must be taken into account, are not limited to economic status, but include other variables like gender or age. It will be argued on this basis that EU law needs to develop a more coherent politics of subjectivity. Towards this goal, the law must carefully attend to what is (and is not) depoliticising in EU citizenship rights.
Efficient management and storage of a multiversion OWL 2 DL domain ontology
Authors: Bayoudhi Leila , Sassi Najla , Jaziri Wassim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOntology is the chief technology to model domain knowledge and fix its heterogeneity. Knowledge evolution is unavoidable in all fields, and ontology should reflect such an evolution while preserving its consistency. The access to an ontology evolution history is also a crucial need. Thereby, ontology versions should be stored efficiently. To address these requirements, some works focused only on managing ontology inconsistency. To this end, they adopted an a posteriori approach that checks inconsistency after its occurrence. Others have mainly focused on some ontology versioning aspects other than the storage and the consistency preservation issues. Specifically, the state of the art storage strategies perform well some typical queries at the cost of a high storage space. Strategies with low space overhead lose the main specificity of ontology: the knowledge semantics modelling. So, it is useful to address all these shortcomings. This paper presents an approach that allows generating consistent OWL 2 DL ontology versions in a priori way. It also proposes an efficient storage strategy that preserves the semantics aspect of ontology and performs well typical queries with a low storage space. A protégé plug‐in is developed to show the feasibility of the main ideas presented in this paper.
Understanding dispersal limitation through the assessment of diversity patterns across phylogenetic scales below the species level
Authors: Gómez‐Rodríguez Carola , Miller Kirsten E. , Castillejo José , Iglesias‐Piñeiro Javier , Baselga Andrés 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimWe show how macroecological patterns at different phylogenetic scales below the species level may aid the identification of the predominant process controlling biological assemblages (niche versus dispersal). We compare two taxa with different ecological and dispersal requirements (terrestrial molluscs and leaf beetles) in the same geographical setting.LocationIberian Peninsula.Time period2010–2015.Major taxaTerrestrial molluscs and leaf beetles.MethodsThecox1‐5′ fragment was sequenced for 1,592 mollusc specimens in 20 localities. Leaf beetle assemblages had been sequenced previously in 15 of these localities. Species richness, distance decay of similarity, endemism and range size were measured at two levels: molecular variants (i.e., haplotypes) and putative species (i.e., operational taxonomic units). Using a multi‐hierarchical macroecology approach, distance‐decay patterns were measured at multiple intermediate genealogical levels (nested clades) to assess whether the geometry of the ranges of lineages followed a fractal pattern.ResultsRichness and distance‐decay patterns at both molecular variant and species levels were different in leaf beetles and terrestrial molluscs, although both taxa showed a fractal pattern in the distance decay of similarity across genealogical levels. The self‐similarity of the distance‐decay pattern across phylogenetic scales suggests a predominance of neutral, but limited, dispersal driving macroecological patterns in both taxa. Endemism was similar in both taxa at the level of molecular variants but higher at the species level in terrestrial molluscs, and range size was smaller at both levels in terrestrial molluscs. Taken altogether, our results suggest that dispersal limitation is stronger in terrestrial molluscs.Main conclusionThe assessment of how diversity patterns change at different phylogenetic scales below the species level allowed us to identify unifying characteristics in otherwise seemingly heterogeneous biological systems. Congruence was observed in diversity patterns of leaf beetles and terrestrial molluscs, suggesting that dispersal is a relevant process in both taxa but acts at a different strength.
Digital pathology is a practical alternative to on‐site intraoperative frozen section diagnosis in thoracic surgery
Authors: French Jonathan M R , Betney Daniel T , Abah Udo , Bhatt Nidhi , Internullo Eveline , Casali Gianluca , Batchelor Timothy J P , West Douglas G 
Published: December 2018

AimsTelepathology uses digitised image transfer to allow off‐site reporting of histopathology slides. This technology could facilitate the centralisation of pathology services, which may improve their quality and cost‐effectiveness. The benefits may be most apparent in frozen section reporting, in which turnaround times (TATs) are vital. We moved from on‐site to off‐site telepathology reporting of thoracic surgery frozen section specimens in 2016. The aim of this study was to compare TATs before and after this service change.Methods and resultsAll thoracic frozen section specimens analysed 4 months prior and 4 months following the service change were included. Demographics, operation, sample type, time taken from theatre, time received by laboratory, time reported by laboratory, TAT, frozen section diagnosis, final histopathological diagnosis and final TNM staging were recorded. The results were analysed with spss statistical software version 24. In total, there were 65 samples from 59 patients; 34 before the change and 31 after the change. Specimens included 51 lung, six lymph node, three bronchial, three chest wall and two pleural biopsies. Before the change, the median TAT was 25 min [interquartile range (IQR) 20–33 min]. No diagnoses were deferred. No diagnoses were changed on subsequent paraffin analysis. After the change, with the use of digital pathology, the median TAT was 27.5 min (IQR 21.75–38.5 min). This difference was not significant (P = 0.581). Diagnosis was deferred in one case (3.23%). There was one (3.23%) mid‐case technical failure resulting in the sample having to be transported by courier, resulting in a TAT of 106 min. No diagnoses were changed on subsequent paraffin analysis.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in reporting times between digital technology and an on‐site service, although one sample was affected by a technical failure requiring physical transportation of the specimen for analysis. Our study was underpowered to detect differences in accuracy.