bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Exploration Crew Medical Officer Training Needs: Applying Evidence-Based Predictive Analytics to Space Medicine Training
Authors: Levin Dana R. , McIntyre Lauren , Steller Jon G. , Nelson Ariana , Zahner Chris , Anderson Arian , Parmar Prashant , Hilmers David C. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction Predictive analytics may be a useful adjunct to identify training needs for exploration class medical officers onboard deep space vehicles. Methods This study used a preliminary version of NASA's newest medical predictive analytics tool, the Medical Extensible Database Probabilistic Risk Assessment Tool (MEDPRAT), to test the application of predictive analytics to exploration crew medical officer curriculum design for 5 distinct design reference mission (DRM) profiles. Partial and fully treated paradigms were explored. Curriculum elements were identified using a leave-one-out analysis and a threshold of 5% risk increase over the fully treated baseline. Results For the partial treatment scenario, among the 5 DRM profiles 4-32 curriculum elements met the 5% RRI increase. For the absolute treatment scenario, among the 5 DRM profiles, 13-126 curriculum elements met the 5% RRI increase. For the partial treatment paradigm, 13 capabilities are present in at least 3 of the 5 DRM profiles, and these elements may constitute a common baseline curriculum. This covers 41% of the skillsets needed for an ISS-like profile, 100% of a late Artemis-like profile, 41% of a Mars mission-like profile, 100% of a Starship orbital-like profile, and 68% of a Starship lunar flyby-like profile. Conclusions This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that predictive analytics can rapidly generate generic and mission profile-specific exploration CMO curricula using an evidence-based process driven by optimizing mission risk reduction. This technique may serve as part of a human-machine team approach to medical curriculum planning for future space missions. It has significant potential to improve astronaut health and save time and effort for planners, trainers, and trainees.
Inflammation-driven NF-κB signaling represses ferroportin transcription in macrophages via HDAC1 and HDAC3
Authors: Marques Oriana , Horvat Natalie K. , Zechner Laura , Colucci Silvia , Sparla Richard , Zimmermann Stefan , Neufeldt Christopher J. , Altamura Sandro , Qiu Ruiyue , Müdder Katja , Weiss Günter , Hentze Matthias W. , Muckenthaler Martina U. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Anemia of inflammation is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders. Inflammation causes hypoferremia and iron-restricted erythropoiesis by limiting ferroportin (FPN)–mediated iron export from macrophages that recycle senescent erythrocytes. Macrophage cell surface expression of FPN is reduced by hepcidin-induced degradation and/or by repression of FPN (Slc40a1) transcription via cytokine and Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Although the mechanisms underlying hepcidin-mediated control of FPN have been extensively studied, those inhibiting Slc40a1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression remain unknown. We applied targeted RNA interference and pharmacological screens in macrophages stimulated with the TLR2/6 ligand FSL1 and identified critical signaling regulators of Slc40a1 mRNA repression downstream of TLRs and NF-κB signaling. Interestingly, the NF-κB regulatory hub is equally relevant for Slc40a1 mRNA repression driven by the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide, the cytokine tumor necrosis factor β/lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA), and heat-killed bacteria. Mechanistically, macrophage stimulation with heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus recruits the histone deacetylases (HDACs) HDAC1 and HDAC3 to the antioxidant response element (ARE) located in the Slc40a1 promoter. Accordingly, pretreatment with a pan-HDAC inhibitor abrogates Slc40a1 mRNA repression in response to inflammatory cues, suggesting that HDACs act downstream of NF-κB to repress Slc40a1 transcription. Consistently, recruitment of HDAC1 and HDAC3 to the Slc40a1 ARE after stimulation with heat-killed S aureus is dependent on NF-κB signaling. These results support a model in which the ARE integrates the transcriptional responses of Slc40a1 triggered by signals from redox, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways. This work identifies the long-sought mechanism of Slc40a1 transcriptional downregulation upon inflammation, paving the way for therapeutic interventions at this critical juncture.
Efficient Hierarchical Kriging Modeling Method for High-dimension Multi-fidelity Problems
Authors: He Youwei , Luo Jinliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe multi-fidelity Kriging model is a promising technique in surrogate-based design, balancing model accuracy and the cost of sample generation by combining low- and high-fidelity data. However, the cost of building a multi-fidelity Kriging model increases significantly as problem complexity grows. To address this issue, we propose an efficient Hierarchical Kriging modeling method. In building the low-fidelity model, distance correlation is used to determine the relative value of the hyperparameter. This transforms the maximum likelihood estimation problem into a one-dimensional optimization task, which can be solved efficiently, significantly improving modeling efficiency. The high-fidelity model is built similarly, with the low-fidelity model's hyperparameter used as the relative value for the high-fidelity model's hyperparameter. The proposed method's effectiveness is evaluated through analytical problems and a real-world engineering problem involving modeling the isentropic efficiency of a compressor rotor. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces modeling time significantly without compromising accuracy. For the compressor rotor isentropic efficiency model, the proposed method yields over 99% cost savings compared to conventional approaches, while also achieving higher accuracy.
A cellular triad for linking cardiac niche to regeneration
Authors: Ma Xiaokai , Hou Junjie , Xiong Jing-Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality with very limited therapeutic interventions, thus holding great hope for cardiac regenerative medicine. A recent work from Martin’s laboratory reports their identification of a fetal-like cardiomyocyte progenitor, adult cardiomyocyte type 2 (aCM2), and its potential interactions with C3+ cardiac fibroblasts and C3ar1+ macrophages to form a regenerative cellular triad, which is only present in the regenerative heart models, YAP5SA-expressing adult hearts and neonatal hearts. The complement signaling is essential for cellular interactions in this regenerative triad. This Highlight summarizes these major findings and provides brief perspectives on the impact of this regenerative niche during cardiac regeneration in the future.
A comprehensive review of the functionality and applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the realm of agriculture
Authors: Komatineni Bharath Kumar , Makam Swetha , Meena Sanwal Singh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn India, there is an urgent need to meet the food production due to the country’s rapidly expanding population. There is a downturn in the farming sector and the farmers are shifting to other firms due to insufficient output in the sector. Furthermore, traditional agricultural practices followed in India are insufficient to meet the increasing food demand. The costs and operational times generally increase as the majority of agricultural activities depend significantly on human labor. The increasing prevalence of machinery on farms is not a substitute for the necessity for human labor completely. This highlights the critical importance of agricultural automation. This study highlights the significant impact of UAVs on precision and smart agriculture through automation. The implementation of drones in diverse agricultural tasks has the potential to reduce labor demands and streamline operational efficiency. This review offers a comprehensive overview of conceptual design, command flow operation, micro-controller boards, remote-control systems, and attachments such as sensors, cameras, and motors in UAVs, aimed at automating agricultural activities. The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), alongside artificial intelligence and machine learning, enhances accuracy and precision in agricultural operations. This study also addresses future advancements, limitations, and challenges that farmers face in adapting to UAVs.
Performance of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Baseline Cortisol in Assessing Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Han Ashley J , Suresh Malavika , Gruber Lucinda M , Algeciras-Schimnich Alicia , Achenbach Sara J , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Bancos Irina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
Diagnosing adrenal insufficiency (AI) often requires complex testing, which can be time-consuming and expensive. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is a promising marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function; however, its diagnostic performance has not yet been evaluated in a large-scale study.

Objective
Evaluate the performance of DHEAS and baseline cortisol in assessing AI.

Design
Single-center retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Referral center.

Patients
Adults who underwent cosyntropin stimulation testing (CST) between 2005 and 2023 and had DHEAS measured within 3 months prior to CST.

Main Outcome Measures
Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for DHEAS and baseline cortisol. Prevalence of AI based on various DHEAS and baseline cortisol concentrations.

Results
Among 1135 patients, 195 (17.2%) had AI. Both baseline cortisol and DHEAS independently had good diagnostic performance with AUROC 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77-0.84 and 0.81 (95% CI 0.78-0.85)], respectively. Time of CST performance had no significant effect on diagnostic accuracy of baseline cortisol while recent glucocorticoid use decreased diagnostic performance of DHEAS (AUROC 0.72 vs 0.83). Only 1.2% of patients with baseline cortisol ≥10 mcg/dL had AI based on CST. Among patients with baseline cortisol between 5 and 9.9 mcg/dL, only 1.3% had AI if DHEAS was ≥60 mcg/dL. Conversely, the majority (72.2%) of patients with both baseline cortisol &lt;5 mcg/dL and DHEAS &lt;25 mcg/dL were found to have AI.

Conclusion
DHEAS has good diagnostic performance in assessing AI. Measuring both baseline cortisol and DHEAS concentrations may eliminate the need for further dynamic testing in many patients.
Progressive Palaeontology 2024 conference report
Authors: George Hady , Farrell Thomas , Rawson James R. G. , Aguilar-Pedrayes Isaura , Walters Benton , Flett Kirsten E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The 20th instalment of the Progressive Palaeontology conference was held from 17th-20th of June 2024 at the University of Bristol, UK. Progressive Palaeontology gives postgraduate students experience of presenting at a conference to an audience of their peers, and the opportunity to form networks with researchers at their career stage. The conference was organised on behalf of the Palaeontological Association by Hady George, Thomas Farrell, James R. G. Rawson, Isaura Aguilar-Pedrayes, Benton Walters and Kirsten E. Flett, all of whom are postgraduate students in the Bristol Palaeobiology group. The meeting was a great success, featuring a high standard of research presentations on a wide range of topics, and inclusive and educational events hosted throughout the conference.
The Venezuela–China Strategic Relationship and the Building of a Multipolar World
Authors: Dominguez Francisco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
No-one could have predicted that the relationship between the South American nation and the rising world economic giant would flourish and reach strategic levels, yet this is exactly what came about. The relationship between Venezuela and China went from being “strategic” to becoming a “strategic partnership,” evolving into one of “comprehensive strategic partnership,” and then to an “all-weather strategic partnership.” Enshrined in many collaboration agreements, the relationship now covers almost every aspect of Venezuela’s economy. From the very start, the leaders of both nations have always understood their collaboration as integral to the emergence of a multipolar geopolitics, an objective they are vigorously constructing. The rise of a multipolar world has been aided by the simultaneous decline of the United States and the meteoric increase in the economic ascendancy of China. Chávez’s development of his country’s relations with China helped open the gates to the building of strong relations between China and Latin America. The ultimate aim is the building of “a community of shared destiny for humanity.”
Implementation of negative pressure for acute pediatric burns (INPREP): A stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Holbert Maleea D. , Wood Fiona , Holland Andrew J. A. , Teague Warwick , Kimble Roy M. , Crellin Dianne , Frear Cody C. , Storey Kristen , Phillips Natalie , Singer Yvonne , Dimanopoulos Tanesha A. , Martin Lisa , Cuttle Leila , Vagenas Dimitrios , McPhail Steven M. , Calleja Pauline , Duff Jed , De Young Alexandra , Griffin Bronwyn R. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Acute application of adjunctive negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) significantly improves time to re-epithelialization in pediatric burn patients. This adjunctive treatment has not yet been broadly or routinely adopted as a standard primary burns dressing strategy. The Implementation of Negative PRessurE for acute Pediatric burns (INPREP) trial will implement and evaluate the impact of adjunctive NPWT in parallel with co-designed implementation strategies and resources across four major pediatric hospitals.

Methods
We will conduct a multi-center, prospective, stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial to implement adjunctive NPWT for acute pediatric burns. Participants will include pediatric burn patients presenting to one of four Australian tertiary pediatric hospitals for burn treatment. The intervention is adjunctive NPWT in parallel with co-designed and tailored implementation strategies and a suite of NPWT implementation resources, which form the INPREP toolkit. Using a hybrid type III design, this trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of NPWT implementation in parallel with the INPREP toolkit using (i) implementation outcomes (e.g., adoption, appropriateness, acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability) and (ii) clinical outcomes (e.g., days to re-epithelialization, scar management requirements, skin grafting requirements). The primary outcome of this trial is treatment adoption–the proportion of eligible patients who receive NPWT.

Discussion
This manuscript outlines a protocol for a hybrid type III stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial of adjunctive NPWT implementation in acute pediatric burn care. We anticipate that NPWT implementation in parallel with the INPREP toolkit will be generalizable to emergency departments and burn services across Australia, and evidence generated will inform pediatric burn care internationally.

Trial registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12622000166774. Registered 1 February 2022.
Cost effectiveness of empagliflozin in adult patients with chronic kidney disease in the Netherlands
Authors: Slob Bart , Fens Tanja , Weersma Maaike , Postma Maarten , Boersma Cornelis , de Jong Lisa 
Published: December 2024

Aim
The recent EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed evidence for preventing disease progression in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) treated with empagliflozin. It is however yet unknown if use of empagliflozin is cost effective in the Netherlands. We aimed to evaluate the cost effectiveness of empagliflozin in adult patients with CKD in the Netherlands.

Methods
A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using a Markov state microsimulation model, simulating kidney progression of CKD patients with eGFR <90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 comparing empagliflozin plus standard of care (SoC) and SoC alone. KDIGO classification was used to describe the risk of CKD progression. The input data were taken from the EMPA-KIDNEY trial (baseline characteristics, treatment effect, and utilities), and published data and national sources were used for general population mortality, treatment and event costs. The analyses were performed from a societal perspective with applying a lifetime horizon. Discounting was done according to the Dutch pharmacoeconomic guidelines. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was compared to a willingness-to-pay threshold of €50,000/QALY. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the impact of uncertainty around the input parameters.

Results
The base-case results showed total discounted costs for empagliflozin plus SoC and SoC alone of €200,193 and €234,574 respectively, indicating total savings of €34,380. Empagliflozin plus SoC was associated with higher total discounted health benefits of 11.06 life years (LYs) and 9.01 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), compared with 9.74 LYs and 7.79 QALYs for SoC alone, resulting in an additional 1.31 LYs and 1.22 QALYs for empagliflozin plus SoC. Empagliflozin plus SoC is a dominant alternative compared to SoC alone. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings and conclusion.

Conclusion
Using empagliflozin in addition to SoC in adult patients with CKD is likely to be cost saving compared to the current SoC in the Netherlands, irrespective of diabetes status and albuminuria.
Approximations to precisely localized supports of solutions for non-linear parabolic p-Laplacian problems
Authors: Jeli Roqia Abdullah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The shrinking of support in non-linear parabolic

p

p

-Laplacian equations with a positive initial condition

u

0

{u}_{0}

that decayed as

∣
x
∣
→
∞

| x| \to \infty

was explored in the Cauchy problem. Proofs were provided for establishing exact local estimates for the boundary of the support of the solutions.
Effect of hydrophile–lipophile balance of F-alkylated cyclic polyethylene glycol succinates on their applications
Authors: Khalfallah Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of any surfactant determines its solubility. Selection of the ideal surfactant for a given application appears to be facilitated by a thorough understanding of the relationship between accurately measured or calculated HLB and physicochemical properties. In this study the HLB values of the mono-, bi- and bolaphilic derivatives of F-alkylated cyclic polyethylene glycol succinate were determined using the Griffin technique. It was investigated how the different applications of these surfactants can be distinguished by their HLB values.
Generative Künstliche Intelligenz als Assistenz in der Instandhaltung
Authors: Gerds Paul , Robl Laura , Jagusch Konrad , Sender Jan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Die Instandhaltung von maritimen Großstrukturen erfordert eine geeignete Dokumentation zur Verwaltung von Wartungsprozessen. Die Erfassung variiert je nach Unternehmen und erfolgt entweder manuell oder durch den Einsatz digitaler Werkzeuge. Die dort festgehaltenen Informationen dienen u. a. der Dokumentationspflicht. Der Einsatz generativer Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) ermöglicht Dokumente automatisiert zu verarbeiten, relevante Daten zu extrahieren und strukturiert für zukünftige Wartungsarbeiten aufzubereiten. Folglich werden die Prozesse vereinfacht, indem Fehlerursachen schneller identifiziert und Maßnahmen gezielt abgeleitet werden. In diesem Beitrag wird ein praxisnaher Ansatz zur Implementierung von KI-basierten Systemen vorgestellt, die die Digitalisierung und Verarbeitung von Wartungsdokumenten unterstützen und eine fundierte Entscheidungsfindung bei Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen ermöglichen.
Tubular FoxP2 and Kidney Fibrosis
Authors: Zou Yixin , Yiu Wai Han , Lok Sarah W.Y. , Ma Jingyuan , Feng Yuchen , Lai Kar Neng , Tang Sydney C.W. 
Published: December 2024

Key Points

FOXP2/Foxp2 is overexpressed in human and in murine unilateral ureteral obstruction and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion models.
Foxp2 overexpression mediates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and G2/M cell cycle arrest in kidney tubular cells to promote fibrosis.

Background
Kidney fibrosis is the final common pathway of progressive CKD that leads to kidney failure, for which there are limited therapeutic strategies. The transcription factor, Forkhead box P2 (Foxp2), has been implicated in organ development and tumorigenesis through its association with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In this study, we uncovered a novel role of Foxp2 in kidney fibrosis.

Methods
Human kidney biopsies were used to assess FOXP2 expression. Tubule-specific Foxp2 knockout mice were generated through LoxP-Cre transgenic manipulation and applied to murine models of progressive CKD, including unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (UIRI). Cultured kidney tubular epithelial cells were used to analyze the underlying cellular mechanisms.

Results

FOXP2 expression was markedly increased in the tubular nuclei of human kidney biopsies of CKD from patients with IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy. In murine UUO and UIRI models that recapitulate progressive CKD, tubule-specific deletion of Foxp2 attenuated kidney inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, accompanied by reduction in cell cycle arrest. In mouse tubular epithelial cells, TGF-β upregulated Foxp2 expression through Smad3 signaling while knockdown of Foxp2 suppressed TGF-β-induced EMT and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Mechanistically, overexpression of Foxp2 inhibited tubular cell proliferation with induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest. Using chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing, we identified Foxp2 target genes that are enriched in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B and TGF-β signaling pathways and further revealed that Foxp2 directly regulated the transcriptional activities of collagen-1, E-cadherin, and p21 that are involved in EMT and cell cycle arrest, thereby promoting the profibrotic process.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate a novel role of Foxp2 in promoting kidney fibrosis in murine UUO and UIRI by activating EMT and cell cycle arrest in kidney tubules, contributing to the progression of CKD.
Legal features of the use and regulation of generative artificial intelligence for the development of innovative activities by business entities
Authors: Sushkova O. V. 
Published: December 2024

The introduction of ChatGPT in November 2022 by OpenAI has stimulated active discussion about the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields such as science, entrepreneurship, and education. Although AI has been used in many areas of the economy for several years, the use of generative AI models, for example the American ChatGPT service, is becoming the information technology that sets the vector of technological progress in the use of AI. The main areas of application of generative AI are quite simple: it is not only the creation of video and audio files as the results of intellectual activity, but also the use of this technology to predict business decisions, make such decisions, in corporate governance, etc. The extent to which the use of generative AI is justified and does not create legal uncertainty is a debatable issue. In this connection, various positions on this issue are expressed in the scientific literature.At the same time, the legal regime actually applied to such artificial intelligence does not create legal certainty for business entities when using it. In summary, this article contributes to the growing academic discourse in an area of /significant research regarding the potential impact of AI and offers practical insight into how to use this technology to develop new or improve existing business models, taking into account its legal characteristics.