bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of baseline computed tomography assessment for predicting the pulmonary fibrosis during the course of chemotherapy‐induced pneumonitis
Authors: Han Ji‐Yeon , Lee Ki‐Nam , Lee Hongyeul , Choi Seok Jin , Baek Jin Wook , Heo Young Jin , Shin Gi Won , Park Jin Young 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of our study is to evaluate risk factors for the development of pulmonary fibrosis in the baseline computed tomography (CT) during the course of chemotherapy‐induced pneumonitis (CIP).MethodsWe retrospectively identified 80 cases of CIP by clinical, radiological, and pathological findings. When fibrosis developed during the follow‐up, the extent of pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated at final follow‐up CT in terms of a 5% volumetric score for six zones. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the clinical and radiological risk factors for the development of fibrosis and severe fibrosis over 11% in extent.ResultsFibrosis occurred in 26 of the 80 total patients (32.5%) during a mean 5.6 months of follow up. Risk factors for developing fibrosis were revealed as preexisting interstitial lung disease (ILD) and moderate to severe emphysema in multivariate analysis (OR = 10.12, 95% CI = 2.35‐43.66, and OR = 12.85, 95% CI = 2.81‐58.82, respectively). Risk factors for developing severe fibrosis over 11% in extent were revealed as a moderate to severe emphysema (OR = 5.78, 95% CI = 1.07‐31.26) in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsModerate to severe emphysema as well as preexisting ILD visible on baseline CT are risk factors for developing pulmonary fibrosis in the course of CIP. Thin‐section CT may be helpful to predict the risk of pulmonary fibrosis before administering chemotherapy.
Urinary tract infection prevention after midurethral slings in pelvic floor reconstructive surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sanaee May S. , Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Larouche Maryse , Brown Helen L. , Lee Terry , Geoffrion Roxana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionSynthetic midurethral slings are the most common procedures currently performed for stress urinary incontinence in women. Infection is a frequent complication of urogynecologic surgery. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to identify interventions that successfully prevent infections, including urinary tract infection (UTI) and/or bacteriuria, compared with no intervention, in women undergoing midurethral sling surgery with or without concomitant pelvic reconstructive procedures for prolapse.Material and methodsThe primary outcome was the development of any infection post‐midurethral sling placement in women. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched for comparative studies from inception to July 2017, with no language restrictions. We used search terms related to midurethral sling, infections and infection‐reduction interventions. Two independent reviewers abstracted data and assessed study quality. Pooled effect size estimates were calculated. We conducted meta‐analysis of eligible studies. A protocol for this review has been registered and can be accessed online (http://hdl.handle.net/2429/64731).ResultsWe identified seven eligible studies of infection risk‐reducing interventions; all focused on UTIs. Only one study assessed preoperative antibiotics with midurethral sling alone and was halted early because of low UTI rates. All other studies (three randomized control trials and three observational studies) examined whether postoperative antibiotics decrease UTI/bacteriuria rates after midurethral sling with or without reconstructive procedures for pelvic organ prolapse and using bladder catheterization postoperatively. Due to considerable clinical heterogeneity, we only combined four studies for meta‐analysis. Postoperative oral prophylactic nitrofurantoin showed no significant benefit in reducing UTI/bacteriuria in women post‐midurethral sling with or without concomitant reconstructive pelvic surgery and the need for bladder catheterization, when compared with the reference group (pooled relative risk 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42‐1.25).ConclusionsBased on the best available evidence, postoperative oral nitrofurantoin is not effective at reducing UTI/bacteriuria rates in catheterized women after midurethral sling with or without concomitant pelvic reconstructive surgery for prolapse. For midurethral sling alone, preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis may not be needed for UTI prevention.
Effects of star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f.) essential oil on nutrient and energy utilization of laying hens
Authors: Yu Caiyun , Guo Yixuan , Yang Zaibin , Yang Weiren , Jiang Shuzhen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn experiment using 96 Hy‐Line brown laying hens at 29 weeks of age that were randomly allocated to four treatments with eight replicates was conducted to assess the effects of star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f.) oil (SAO) on nutrient and energy utilization. Dietary treatments were corn–soybean meal‐based diets supplemented with 0, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg SAO. The birds were fed the diets for 14 days. The conventional nutrients and amino acids of feed and excreta samples were measured for calculating apparent metabolic efficiency, and gross energy (GE) was analyzed for computation of apparent metabolic energy (AME) and true metabolic energy (TME). Endogenous losses were obtained from another 16 birds for calculating true metabolic efficiency. Birds supplemented with SAO had higher (p < 0.05) metabolic efficiency of crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), Lys, Met, Arg, and Thr than those of control group. Quadratic effects on utilization of Lys, Met, and Thr were observed (p < 0.05). Inclusion of SAO to diet improved nutrient utilization, and the efficacy is best at 400 mg/kg.
Taking responsibility to support knowledge building: A constructive entanglement of spaces and ideas
Authors: Hod Yotam , Yaari Chen , Eberle Julia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe digital age has fostered the rapid dissemination of Future Learning Spaces within the educational sector. Empirical studies examining learning processes relevant for the digital age within FLSs are needed, as scholarship has heretofore been overly reliant on anecdotal evidence or has struggled to keep up with innovative pedagogies. In an effort to advance this goal, we examined a knowledge building community that took place in a future learning space. Using responsibility‐taking as an underlying concept, our findings are twofold. First, we applied a grounded methodology to elucidate the way students take responsibility over the online space (The Knowledge Forum), a vital structure that supports collective knowledge building. This resulted in a spatial responsibility‐taking framework that includes 16 action‐tool combinations. The second finding resulted from applying this framework alongside a knowledge building analysis of a group of students. We present the results from our micro‐analysis, shedding light on different ways that spatial infrastructures and knowledge building can co‐mediate one another.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Collective cognitive responsibility is a vital component of knowledge building communities.
A range of infrastructures play an important role throughout the evolving stages involved in knowledge building.
Multi‐tiered approaches must be taken for future learning spaces to be used effectively.
It is not the space itself, but the way that users take responsibility over the space that is a key determinant in the success of a future learning space.
What this paper adds

A novel framework for systematically capturing the way participants take responsibility over their online learning spaces.
New insights into the ways that spaces and idea‐advancements co‐mediate one another throughout the inquiry process.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Teachers can use a toolkit to observe and identify desired practices related to responsibility taking in online spaces.
Teachers can better discern when and how to intervene based on the way students use online spaces as they learn.
Scaffolding ecosystems science practice by blending immersive environments and computational modeling
Authors: Dickes Amanda C. , Kamarainen Amy , Metcalf Shari J. , Gün‐Yildiz Semiha , Brennan Karen , Grotzer Tina , Dede Chris 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch in the field of technology‐enhanced learning has argued for a broader scope of technology‐supported learning environments to include the design of activity systems which position students as active thinkers by reorganizing learning with technology around the practices of scholarly communities. In the context of elementary ecosystems science, this entails structuring classroom activity around the construction and evaluation of epistemic artifacts, such as scientific models and representations, that profitably direct learners’ conceptual efforts toward productive forms of inquiry and the construction of new scientific knowledge. In this demonstration‐of‐concept paper, we present EcoMOD, an elementary ecosystems science curriculum that blends an immersive virtual environment with an agent‐based computational modeling tool to support growth in ecological knowledge and scientific practice in learners aged 8 to 11 years old. Specifically, we explore how the design of the EcoMOD activity system supported students’ active thinking in scientific inquiry through transformative modeling practices. Analysis of student activity and discourse indicates that engagement in transformative activities supported students in developing more nuanced causal explanations of the ecosystem by the end of the curriculum.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topicAuthentic virtual simulations can transform classroom learning experiences, particularly when organized around the production of epistemic artifacts.Computational modeling and programming tools are successful in supporting ecosystems knowledge construction and complex causal reasoning in learners.Engagement in transformative modeling practices are integral to the construction of new scientific knowledge.What this paper addsSuggests a design framework for meaningfully blending immersive virtual environments with computational modeling and programming tools to support active thinking in scientific inquiry.Demonstrates multi‐modal techniques for formative and summative assessment.Indicates that children in this age range are able, with appropriate support, to acquire knowledge and skills well above what is described in curriculum standards.Implications for practice and/or policyOffers practitioners an effective approach for productively integrating computational modeling, science content and inquiry‐based practices within elementary science instruction.Demonstrates to policymakers the practicality, affordability and value of immersive learning technologies and agent‐based modeling in classroom settings.
Attention, response inhibition and brain event‐related potential alterations in adults with beta‐thalassaemia major
Authors: Raz Sivan , Koren Ariel , Levin Carina 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWe investigated neural correlates of cognitive function in adults with beta thalassaemia major (β‐TM) compared to healthy controls using scalp‐recorded event‐related potentials (ERPs). Event‐related potential studies in the field of β‐TM are scarce and mostly limited to children. A stop‐signal task was used to evaluate indices of attention and response inhibition function, considered to be the hallmark of executive control. Correlations between task performance, ERPs and haemoglobin were also examined. Results showed impaired cognitive performance in β‐TM patients, as indicated by longer response times than controls. Haemoglobin was negatively correlated with response times to Go stimuli. Electrophysiological results indicated significant β‐TM‐related alterations in neuronal activity, reflected in greater peak amplitudes of several task‐related ERP components. A possible interpretation of these ERP results is that β‐TM patients need to recruit additional brain resources when dealing with cognitive challenge. Significant correlations were found between levels of haemoglobin and amplitude of all ERP components; the lower the haemoglobin, the more pronounced the ERPs amplitude. The present study represents a novel investigation of cognitive function and related brain dynamics in β‐TM in adult. Integrating neuropsychological assessment and interventions into traditional disease management, may be imperative in achieving a better quality of life for these patients.
Long noncoding‐RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease is involved in the progression of cholangiocarcinoma by regulating microRNA‐217
Authors: Tang Lingyu , Wang Yuting , Wang Huishan , Xu Boming , Ji Hao , Xu Guolong , Ge Xianxiu , Li Quanpeng , Miao Lin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor originating from bile duct epithelium and its incidence is increasing year by year. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play an important role in the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors. In the present study, for the first time, abnormal expression of lnc‐RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP) and its possible role in CCA were found. We explored the effects of RMRP on various behaviors of CCA cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, by second‐generation sequencing, we explored the microRNA expression profiles that RMRP may affect in the HCCC‐9810 cell line. We also validated and explored the role of microRNA‐217 (miR‐217) with high differential expression by in vitro experiments. Our findings indicated that RMRP can play a part in promoting cancer by regulating the expression of miR‐217. RMRP is involved in the progression of CCA and can be a novel indicator of poor prognosis in patients with CCA.
The Impact of the US Interest Rate Hike on Emerging Market Economies and the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Wu Shuyu , Hu Biliang , Pan Qingzhong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince the end of 2015, the US Federal Reserve has raised its benchmark interest rate nine times. This has led to capital outflows and asset depreciation in many emerging market economies. The present paper examines the factors that determine the financial volatility of emerging markets in the face of external shocks. By calculating the capital flows of 30 emerging markets from 1990 to 2018 and conducting panel regression, this paper finds that countries with good infrastructure facilities, a sound banking system and high economic growth have significantly lower cross‐border financial risks. An implication from the empirical analysis is that emerging countries would benefit greatly by actively taking part in the Belt and Road Initiative. The framework of the Belt and Road Initiative allows emerging countries better access to China's massive consumer market to promote trade and long‐term growth. Their quality of infrastructure can be improved through cooperation with China in infrastructure investment. They can also jointly establish a cooperative financial framework to enhance regional financial stability. These strategies will reduce systematic financial risks and counteract the negative impacts of US interest rate hikes.
The ontogeny of cumulative culture: Individual toddlers vary in faithful imitation and goal emulation
Authors: Yu Yue , Kushnir Tamar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe success of human culture depends on early emerging mechanisms of social learning, which include the ability to acquire opaque cultural knowledge through faithful imitation, as well as the ability to advance culture through flexible discovery of new means to goal attainment. This study explores whether this mixture of faithful imitation and goal emulation is based in part on individual differences which emerge early in ontogeny. Experimental measurements and parental reports were collected for a group of 2‐year‐old children (N = 48, age = 23–32 months) on their imitative behavior as well as other aspects of cognitive and social development. Results revealed individual differences in children's imitative behavior across trials and tasks which were best characterized by a model that included two behavioral routines; one corresponding to faithful imitation, and one to goal emulation. Moreover, individual differences in faithful imitation and goal emulation were correlated with individual differences in theory of mind, prosocial behavior, and temperament. These findings were discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the mechanisms of social learning, ontogeny of cumulative culture, and the benefit of analyzing individual differences for developmental experiments.
Mechanistic insights from the LHX1‐driven molecular network in building the embryonic head
Authors: McMahon Riley , Sibbritt Tennille , Salehin Nazmus , Osteil Pierre , Tam Patrick P. L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDevelopment of an embryo is driven by a series of molecular instructions that control the differentiation of tissue precursor cells and shape the tissues into major body parts. LIM homeobox 1 (LHX1) is a transcription factor that plays a major role in the development of the embryonic head of the mouse. Loss of LHX1 function disrupts the morphogenetic movement of head tissue precursors and impacts on the function of molecular factors in modulating the activity of the WNT signaling pathway. LHX1 acts with a transcription factor complex to regulate the transcription of target genes in multiple phases of development and in a range of embryonic tissues of the mouse and Xenopus. Determining the interacting factors and transcriptional targets of LHX1 will be key to unraveling the ensemble of factors involved in head development and building a head gene regulatory network.
A revised systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effect of statins on D‐dimer levels
Authors: Schol‐Gelok Suzanne , Morelli Francesca , Arends Lidia R. , Boersma Eric , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. , Versmissen Jorie , van Gelder Teun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundD‐dimers are generated during endogenous fibrinolysis of a blood clot and have a central role in diagnostic algorithms to rule out venous thromboembolism. HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors, more commonly called statins, are known to have effects independent of LDL‐cholesterol lowering, including antithrombotic properties. An effect of statins on D‐dimer levels has been reported in a prior systematic review and meta‐analysis, but methodological shortcomings might have led to an overestimated effect. To re‐evaluate the association between statins and D‐dimer levels, we systematically reviewed all published articles on the influence of statins on D‐dimer levels and conducted a novel meta‐analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD42017058932).Materials and methodsWe electronically searched EMBASE, Medline Epub, Cochrane, Web of Science and Google Scholar (100 top relevance) (date of last search: 5 October 2017). We included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies and cross‐sectional studies. Two reviewers independently screened all articles retrieved and extracted data on study and patient characteristics, study quality and D‐dimer levels.ResultsStudy‐level meta‐analysis involving 18,052 study participants showed lower D‐dimer levels in those receiving statin treatment than controls (SMD: −0.165, 95% CI −0.234; −0.096, P = <0.001). Sensitivity analyses and additional analyses on treatment duration (<12 weeks vs ≥12 weeks) and type of statin (lipophilic or hydrophilic) did not modify this overall result.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis suggests an association between use of statins and reduction of D‐dimer levels, independent of treatment duration and type of statin used. This effect is small but robust, and should be interpreted with caution.
Ephaptic interactions between myelinated nerve fibres of rodent peripheral nerves
Authors: Bolzoni Francesco , Jankowska Elzbieta 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report evidence that ephaptic interactions may occur between intact mammalian myelinated nerve fibres and not only between demyelinated or damaged mammalian nerve fibres or nerve cells as analysed in previous studies. The ephaptic interactions were investigated between nerve fibres traversing the lumbar dorsal roots and between bundles of fibres in the sciatic nerve in anaesthetized rats in vivo. The interactions were estimated by comparing the excitability of nerve fibres originating from one of the hindlimb nerves (peroneal or sural) under control conditions and when the stimulation of these fibres was combined with stimulation of another nerve (tibial). An increase in nerve volleys recorded from group I muscle afferents in the peroneal nerve and of the fastest skin afferents in the sural nerve was used as a measure of the increase in the excitability. The excitability of these fibres was increased during a fraction of a millisecond, coinciding with the period of passage of nerve impulses evoked by the conditioning stimulation of the tibial nerve. The degree of the increase was comparable to the increases in the excitability evoked by 1–2 min lasting fibre polarization. Ephaptic interactions were found to be more potent and with longer lasting after‐effects within the dorsal roots than within the sciatic nerve. We postulate that ephaptic interactions may result in the synchronization of information forwarded via neighbouring afferent nerve fibres prior to their entry into the spinal cord and thereby securing the propagation of nerve impulses across branching points within the spinal grey matter.
Antimonate sorption in soils increases with ageing
Authors: Verbeeck Mieke , Thiry Yves , Smolders Erik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is unclear to what extent sorption of antimony (Sb) in soils occurs over long time scales. This study was set up to monitor slow reactions (7 days to 6 months) of Sb in Sb(V)‐spiked soil samples during aerobic incubation. The solid–liquid distribution coefficients (KD) increased by factors of 3 to 6 between 7 and 190 days after spiking, depending on the soil. This increase in the KD value, hereafter named the Sb ageing factor, increased with increasing amorphous iron and aluminium hydroxide concentration and decreasing pH of the soil samples. Finally, ageing factors were highest in topsoils and could be important in preventing Sb from migrating downwards into groundwater bodies.Highlights

Quantification of antimonate ageing in soils.
Topsoils could prevent downward leaching of Sb in the long‐term.
Ageing of Sb increased in soils with increasing amorphous iron and aluminium hydroxide concentration and decreasing pH.
Slow sorption reactions reduce Sb mobility in soils.