bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune checkpoint blockade opens a new way to cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Sadreddini Sanam , Baradaran Behzad , Aghebati‐Maleki Ali , Sadreddini Sevil , Shanehbandi Dariush , Fotouhi Ali , Aghebati‐Maleki Leili 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAmong the main promising systems to triggering therapeutic antitumor immunity is the blockade of immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoint pathways regulate the control and eradication of infections, malignancies, and resistance against a host of autoantigens. Initiation point of the immune response is T cells, which have a critical role in this pathway. As several immune checkpoints are initiated by ligand–receptor interactions, they can be freely blocked by antibodies or modulated by recombinant forms of ligands or receptors. Antibodies against cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) were the first immunotherapeutics that achieved the US Food and Drug Administration approval. Preliminary clinical results with the blockers of additional immune checkpoint proteins, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) indicate extensive and different chances to boost antitumor immunity with the objective of conferring permanent clinical effects. This study provides an overview of the immune checkpoint pathways, including CTLA‐4, PD‐1, lymphocyte activation gene 3, T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3, B7‐H3, and diacylglycerol kinase α and implications of their inhibition in the cancer therapy.
Morphological description of the immature stages ofHermetia illucens(Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
Authors: Barros Luana Machado , Gutjahr Ana Lúcia Nunes , Ferreira‐ Keppler Ruth Leila , Martins Renato Tavares 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the dipteran genusHermetia, only 6 of the 78 valid species have documented immature stages:H. albitarsisFabricius, 1805,H. aurataBellardi, 1859,H. concinnaWilliston, 1900,H. illucens(Linnaeus, 1758),H. panamensisGreene, 1940 andH. pulchraWeidemann, 1830. In particular,H. illucensstands out due to its reported applicability for forensic, medical and economic purposes. Here, we described the morphology of eggs and immature stages of this species, with a view to detecting differences between instars and in the pupal stage, which should eventually help properly identifying larval age. We utilized both optical and scanning electron microscopy tools. The eggs are elliptical and elongated, and color varies from cream white to yellowish. The larvae are apodal, hemichephalic and holopneustic, flattened dorso‐ventrally and may be recognized by the head elongated, dorsal and ventral chaetotaxy of the cephalic capsule, thoracic and abdominal segments, and the morphology of the anterior and posterior spiracles. The pupae are adecticous and coarctate, tegument dark brown and pruinescence varying from brown to golden. The overall morphology across instars is similar, but marked variations were observed in the shape of the antennal articuli and the shape of the setae (first instar compared to the others). Our results supplement the biological information onHermetia illucensand should aid the proper identification and aging of juveniles in the field, as a way to minimize errors in the calculation of the post‐mortem interval.
IL-10 producing CD8+ CD122+ PD-1+ regulatory T cells are expanded by dendritic cells silenced for Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1
Authors: Elizondo Diana M , Andargie Temesgen E , Haddock Naomi L , da Silva Ricardo L Louzada , de Moura Tatiana Rodrigues , Lipscomb Michael W 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 (AIF1) is a cytoplasmic scaffold protein that contains Ca2+ binding EF-hand and PDZ interaction domains important for mediating intracellular signaling complexes in immune cells. The protein plays a dominant role in both macrophage- and dendritic cell (DC)-mediated inflammatory responses. This study now reports that AIF1 expression in DC is important in directing CD8+ T cell effector responses. Silencing AIF1 expression in murine CD11c+ DC suppressed antigen-specific CD8+ T cell activation, marked by reduced CXCR3, IFNγ and Granzyme B expression, and restrained proliferation. These primed CD8+ T cells had impaired cytotoxic killing of target cells in vitro. In turn, studies identified that AIF1 silencing in DC robustly expanded IL-10 producing CD8+ CD122+ PD-1+ regulatory T cells that suppressed neighboring immune effector responses through both IL-10 and PD-1-dependent mechanisms. In vivo studies recapitulated bystander suppression of antigen-responsive CD4+ T cells by the CD8+ Tregs expanded from the AIF1 silenced DC. These studies further demonstrate that AIF1 expression in DC serves as a potent governor of cognate T cell responses and present a novel target for engineering tolerogenic DC-based immunotherapies.
Adaptive immune responses are impaired in CD8+ T cells primed by DC silenced for AIF1.
Platelet TLR4 at the crossroads of thrombosis and the innate immune response
Authors: Schattner Mirta 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Platelet TLR-4 activation by pathogen- or damage-associated molecular pattern molecules triggers pro-thrombotic, proinflammatory, and pro-coagulant effector responses. Moreover, platelet TLR4 has a prominent role as a sensor of high lipopolysaccharide circulating levels during sepsis and in the clearance of pathogens mediated by neutrophils. This review presents evidence pointing to TLR4 as a bridge connecting thrombosis and innate immunity.
Nanoparticle‐Based Imaging of Clinical Transplant Populations Encapsulated in Protective Polymer Matrices
Authors: Adams Christopher F. , Delaney Alexander M. , Carwardine Darren R. , Tickle Jacqueline , Granger Nicolas , Chari Divya M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA recent clinical trial proves that autologous olfactory mucosal cell (OMC) transplantation improves locomotion in dogs with naturally occurring spinal injuries comparable to human lesions. However, not all dogs respond to the treatment, likely due to the transplantation procedures involving injections of cell suspensions that are associated with cell death, uneven cell distribution, and cell washout. Encapsulating cells in protective hydrogel matrices offers a tissue engineering solution to safely achieve 3D growth of viable transplant cells for implantation into injury sites, to improve regenerative outcomes. It is shown for the first time that canine OMCs (cOMCs) can be propagated with high viability in 3D collagen matrices. Further, a method to incorporate cOMCs pre‐labeled with clinical‐grade iron oxide nanoparticles into the constructs is described. Intraconstruct labeled cells are visualized using magnetic resonance imaging, offering substantial promise for in vivo tracking of cOMCs delivered in protective matrices.
Analysis of the community composition and bacterial diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome across different plant taxa
Authors: Lei Shaonan , Xu Xiaohong , Cheng Zhiqiang , Xiong Juan , Ma Rongqin , Zhang Lanlan , Yang Xiaorong , Zhu Yunxi , Zhang Binghuo , Tian Baoyu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRhizobacteria play an important role in bridging the soil and plant microbiomes and improving the health and growth of plants. In this study, the bacterial community structures and compositions of rhizosphere microbiomes associated with six plant species, representing two orders and three families of wild plants grown in the same field, were evaluated. The six plant species examined harbored a core and similar bacterial communities of the rhizosphere microbiome, which was dominated by members of Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales, Burkholderiales, and Xanthomonadales of Proteobacteria, Subgroup 4 of Acidobacteria, and Sphingobacteriales of Bacteroidetes. Plant species had a significant effect on the microbial composition and Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) abundance of the rhizosphere microbiome. Statistical analysis indicated a significant differential OTU richness (Chao1, p < 0.05) and bacterial diversity (Shannon index, p < 0.0001) of the rhizosphere microbiome at the plant species, genus, or families levels. The paralleled samples from the same plant species in the PCoA and hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated a clear tendency to group together, although the samples were not strictly separated according to their taxonomic divergence at the family or order level. The CAP analysis revealed a great proportion (44.85%) of the variations on bacterial communities could be attributed to the plant species. The results demonstrated that largely conserved and taxonomically narrow bacterial communities of the rhizosphere microbiome existed around the plant root. The bacterial communities and diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome were significantly related to the plant taxa, at least at the species levels.
The impact of plasma brain‐derived neurotrophic factor concentration and weight gain after kidney transplantation
Authors: Lai Chen , Stanfill Ansley G. , Zhang Xuemin , Cashion Ann K. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTObesity and its related complications continue to be significant challenges for kidney transplant recipients. In previous studies, researchers have reported that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is closely associated with metabolic imbalance and obesity, but the role of BDNF in weight gain after kidney transplant has not been elucidated. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the relationship between plasma BDNF levels and weight change. We examined associations between plasma BDNF levels measured at transplantation and 12 months later and measures of weight change during these 12 months in a sample of 55 kidney recipients (mean age of 48 years, 60% male, 56% African American). Of the 55 recipients, 49 had BDNF levels measured at baseline, 33 had BDNF levels measured at 12 months, and 27 had BDNF levels measured at both time points. We found that plasma BDNF levels at baseline (n = 49), but not at 12 months (n = 33), were significantly and positively correlated with the body mass index change (p = 0.037) and percentage weight change (p = 0.036). In addition, average plasma BDNF value at 12 months (307 ± 254 pg/ml) was significantly lower than at baseline (452 ± 345 pg/ml) in the 27 recipients with BDNF levels measured at both time points. Findings from this pilot work suggest that BDNF might serve as a regulator of weight change for kidney transplant related obesity.
Melanoma subtypes: genomic profiles, prognostic molecular markers and therapeutic possibilities
Authors: Rabbie Roy , Ferguson Peter , Molina‐Aguilar Christian , Adams David J , Robles‐Espinoza Carla D 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMelanoma is characterised by its ability to metastasise at early stages of tumour development. Current clinico‐pathologic staging based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria is used to guide surveillance and management in early‐stage disease, but its ability to predict clinical outcome has limitations. Herein we review the genomics of melanoma subtypes including cutaneous, acral, uveal and mucosal, with a focus on the prognostic and predictive significance of key molecular aberrations. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised children; an Australian national 10‐year review
Authors: Bartlett Adam W. , Cann Megan P. , Yeoh Daniel K. , Bernard Anne , Ryan Anne L. , Blyth Christopher C. , Kotecha Rishi S. , McMullan Brendan J. , Moore Andrew S. , Haeusler Gabrielle M. , Clark Julia E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundA thorough understanding of local and contemporary invasive fungal infection (IFI) epidemiology in immunocompromised children is required to provide a rationale for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.MethodsRetrospective data over 10 years from four tertiary pediatric oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) units across Australia were analyzed to report demographic, clinical, and mycological characteristics of IFI episodes, and crude IFI prevalence in select oncology/HSCT groups. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used to calculate 180‐day overall survival.ResultsA total of 337 IFI episodes occurred in 320 children, of which 149 (44.2%), 51 (15.1%), and 110 (32.6%) met a modified European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (mEORTC) criteria for proven, probable, and possible IFI, respectively. There were a further 27 (8.0%) that met a “modified possible IFI” criteria. Median age at IFI diagnosis was 8.4 years. Crude mEORTC IFI prevalence in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, solid tumor, and allogeneic HSCT cohorts was 10.6%, 28.2%, 4.4%, and 11.7%, respectively. Non‐Aspergillus species represented 48/102 (47.1%) molds identified, and non‐albicans Candida represented 66/93 (71.0%) yeasts identified. There were 56 deaths among 297 children who met mEORTC criteria, with 180‐day overall survival for proven, probable, and possible IFIs of 79.7%, 76.2%, and 84.4%, respectively.ConclusionNon‐Aspergillus molds and non‐albicans Candida contributed substantially to pediatric IFI in our study, with high IFI prevalence in leukemia and allogeneic HSCT cohorts. Inclusion of IFIs outside of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria revealed an IFI burden that would go otherwise unrecognized in published reports.
Clinical outcomes following prenatal diagnosis of asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst, and callosal dysgenesis (AVID)
Authors: Oh Karen Y. , Gibson Thomas J. , Pinter Joseph D. , Pettersson David , Shaffer Brian L. , Selden Nathan R. , Sohaey Roya 
Published: December 2018

What's already known about this topic?

Fetal ventriculomegaly can be isolated or be a component of structural brain anomaly.
Prenatal counseling can be challenging given the variable clinical outcomes associated with fetal ventriculomegaly.
When fetal ventriculomegaly is associated with a structural anomaly such as a callosal malformation, postnatal outcomes are worse than for isolated ventriculomegaly.
What does this study add?

When severe asymmetric ventriculomegaly is identified, an underlying callosal anomaly and midline interhemispheric cyst can be present (AVID triad).
Prenatal diagnosis of the AVID triad leads to progressive severe macrocephaly in utero, which often leads to cesarean section delivery.
All children in our series with prenatally diagnosed AVID required at least one and in general several neurosurgical procedures, including CSF shunting in all cases.
Most of these children had at least moderate to severe motor and language delays, with a wide range of visual deficits, craniofacial abnormalities, and medical comorbidities.
Impact of black silicon on light‐ and elevated temperature‐induced degradation in industrial passivated emitter and rear cells
Authors: Pasanen Toni P. , Modanese Chiara , Vähänissi Ville , Laine Hannu S. , Wolny Franziska , Oehlke Alexander , Kusterer Christian , Heikkinen Ismo T.S. , Wagner Matthias , Savin Hele 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLight and elevated‐temperature induced degradation (LeTID) is currently a severe issue in passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC). In this work, we study the impact of surface texture, especially a black silicon (b‐Si) nanostructure, on LeTID in industrial p‐type mc‐Si PERC. Our results show that during standard LeTID conditions the b‐Si cells with atomic‐layer‐deposited aluminum oxide (AlOx) front surface passivation show no degradation despite the presence of a hydrogen‐rich AlOx/SiNx passivation stack on the rear. Furthermore, b‐Si solar cells passivated with silicon nitride (SiNx) on the front lose only 1.5%rel of their initial power conversion efficiency, while the acidic‐textured equivalents degrade by nearly 4%rel under the same conditions. Correspondingly, clear degradation is visible in the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the acidic‐textured cells, especially in the ~850 to 1100‐nm wavelength range confirming that the degradation occurs in the bulk, while the IQE remains nearly unaffected in the b‐Si cells. The observations are supported by spatially resolved photoluminescence (PL) maps, which show a clear contrast in the degradation behavior of b‐Si and acidic‐textured cells, especially in the case of SiNx front surface passivation. The PL maps also suggest that the magnitude of LeTID scales with surface area of the texture, rather than wafer thickness that was recently reported, although the b‐Si cells are slightly thinner (140 vs 165 μm). The results indicate that b‐Si has a positive impact on LeTID, and hence, benefits provided by b‐Si are not limited only to the excellent optical properties, as commonly understood.
A wavelet‐based nonparametric CUSUM control chart for autocorrelated processes with applications to network surveillance
Authors: Li Jun , Jeske Daniel R. , Zhou Yangmei , Zhang Xin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStatistical process control (SPC) has natural applications in data network surveillance. However, network data are commonly autocorrelated, which presents challenges to the basic SPC methods. Most existing SPC methods for correlated data assume parametric models to account for the correlation structure within the data. Those model assumptions can be difficult to justify in practice. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart for autocorrelated processes. In our proposed approach, we incorporate a wavelet decomposition and a nonparametric multivariate CUSUM control chart to obtain a robust procedure for autocorrelated processes without distribution assumptions. Extensive simulations show that the procedure appropriately controls the in‐control average run length and also has good sensitivity for detecting location shifts.
Resilient remediation: Addressing extreme weather and climate change, creating community value
Authors: Maco Barbara , Bardos Paul , Coulon Frederic , Erickson‐Mulanax Emerald , Hansen Lara J. , Harclerode Melissa , Hou Deyi , Mielbrecht Eric , Wainwright Haruko M. , Yasutaka Tetsuo , Wick William D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecent devastating hurricanes demonstrated that extreme weather and climate change can jeopardize contaminated land remediation and harm public health and the environment. Since early 2016, the Sustainable Remediation Forum (SURF) has led research and organized knowledge exchanges to examine (1) the impacts of climate change and extreme weather events on hazardous waste sites, and (2) how we can mitigate these impacts and create value for communities. The SURF team found that climate change and extreme weather events can undermine the effectiveness of the approved site remediation, and can also affect contaminant toxicity, exposure, organism sensitivity, fate and transport, long‐term operations, management, and stewardship of remediation sites. Further, failure to consider social vulnerability to climate change could compromise remediation and adaptation strategies. SURF's recommendations for resilient remediation build on resources and drivers from state, national, and international sources, and marry the practices of sustainable remediation and climate change adaptation. They outline both general principles and site‐specific protocols and provide global examples of mitigation and adaptation strategies. Opportunities for synergy include vulnerability assessments that benefit and build on established hazardous waste management law, policy, and practices. SURF's recommendations can guide owners and project managers in developing a site resiliency strategy. Resilient remediation can help expedite cleanup and redevelopment, decrease public health risks, and create jobs, parks, wetlands, and resilient energy sources. Resilient remediation and redevelopment can also positively contribute to achieving international goals for sustainable land management, climate action, clean energy, and sustainable cities.
DNA methyltransferases in virus‐associated cancers
Authors: Charostad Javad , Astani Akram , Goudarzi Hossein , Faghihloo Ebrahim 
Published: December 2018

SummaryHuman tumor viruses are either casually linked or contribute in the development of human cancers. Viruses can stimulate oncogenesis through affecting diverse biological pathways in human cells. Growing data have demonstrated frequent involvement of one of the most characteristic parts of cellular epigenetic machinery, DNA methylation, in the oncogenesis. DNA methylation of cellular genes is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) as a key effector enzyme in this process. Dysregulation of DNMTs can cause aberrant gene methylation in promoter of cancer‐related genes including tumor suppressor genes, resulting in gene silencing. In this regard, the role of tumor viruses is remarkable. Here, in this review, we used published information to elucidate whether tumor viruses are able to manipulate DNMT regulation, and if so, what are its consequences in the process of oncogenesis. This essay also aims to shed light on which cellular pathways have been engaged by viruses to induce DNMTs.
Superfine SnO2 Uniformly Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets by a One‐Step Solvothermal Method for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhou Xiaozhong , Peng Hui , Zhu Chunyan , Lei Ziqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work, the tin dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (SnO2/rGO) hybrid with 3D porous architecture has been prepared by a straightforward and environmentally friendly one‐step solvothermal method, in which superfine SnO2 nanoparticles are well‐proportioned immobilized on rGO. When applied as anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBS), the prepared SnO2/rGO hybrid demonstrates superior electrochemical properties. It can be achieved high initial cycle reversible capacity of 1058 mA h g−1 and retained a stable discharge capacity of 1104 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. Remarkably, a high capacity of 750 mA h g−1 can be kept after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. These consequences manifest that the obtained SnO2/rGO hybrid is a promising anode material for LIBS.
Effect of Acid‐Basic Sites Ratio on the Catalytic Activity to Obtain 5‐HMF from Glucose Using Al2O3‐TiO2‐W Catalysts
Authors: Córdova‐Pérez Gerardo E. , Torres‐Torres Gilberto , Ortíz‐Chi Filiberto , Godavarthi Srinivas , Silahua‐Pavón Adib A. , Izquierdo‐Colorado Armando , Da Costa Patrick , Hernández‐Como Norberto , Aleman Miguel , Espinosa‐González Claudia G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA series of Al2O3‐TiO2‐W materials with variation in W composition was prepared using an innocuous and easy sol‐gel method, under both acid and basic pH conditions. The morphology and composition of W in the materials were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively, Density of basic and acid sites by CO2 and NH3 temperature programmed desorption (TPD) technique, and physicochemical properties by N2 physisorption studies, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The catalytic properties of Al2O3‐TiO2‐W were examined for the conversion of glucose to produce 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) and the best yield of 5‐HMFobtained with the catalyst of 5 w% W load. This high yield level was achieved when the catalyst with 2.35 acid‐basic sites molar ratio was probed.