bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Renovations of Dan and Bethel
Authors: Davis Andrew R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter argues that the story of Jeroboam I’s placement of calves at Dan and Bethel (1 Kgs 12:25–33) is a temple renovation text from the eighth-century bce reigns of Joash and Jeroboam II. Employing the rhetoric of such texts, the story associates the Nimshide kings with symbols of their kingdom’s illustrious past, namely, the long-standing cult sites themselves and also Jeroboam I, their renowned predecessor and the kingdom’s founder. This rhetoric of renovation is consistent with the kings' recovery of territory that had been lost by the predecessors.
Federalism
Authors: Simeon Richard , Radin Beryl A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The federal systems of Canada and the United States (U.S.) are difficult to define both individually and in comparative terms. They are similar in some ways yet very different in others. They have employed different strategies to deal with issues, diverse populations, and political structures. At the same time, both have relied on their constitutions to respond to change. Their strategies have moved between conflict and collaboration to attempt to support principles of democracy at different points in their historical development. Federalisms are highly variable; each is sui generis. Few if any generalizations about them are very robust. If this is true, then we have two quite different models to describe and explain. The task, then, is to understand how and in what ways they are similar and ask what common factors might explain why; and to understand the differences, and explain them.
Environmental Policy
Authors: Harrison Kathryn 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Although Canada and the United States (U.S.) have a special responsibility to act on climate change given per capita greenhouse gas emissions among the highest in the world, both have repeatedly failed to meet their domestic emissions targets. Their failure ultimately reflects the formidable political challenge of transforming economies heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which prompts opposition from both emissions-intensive industries and voters resistant to higher energy prices. Efforts to mitigate climate change have been undertaken in fits and starts, with leadership flipping between the U.S. and Canada as center-left leaders have exercised institutional points of leverage available to them. However, Democratic presidents’ efforts have been stymied by Republican successors, while Canadian governments’ efforts have been undermined by concerns about competitiveness with the U.S. That challenge looms large once again as Canada has pledged to meet its target under the Paris Agreement despite Donald Trump’s reversal of the U.S. commitment.
Morality Issues
Authors: Mucciaroni Gary , Scala Francesca 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The substantial differences between Canada and the United States (U.S.) on LGBT rights and abortion policies arise from the two nations’ political and institutional conditions. Gays and lesbians in Canada enjoy a comprehensive set of rights while those in the U.S. do not. More recently, the gap between the countries has widened on transgender rights, where the U.S. lags behind Canada. While abortion is not a hotly contested issue in Canada as it is in the U.S., gaps in access to abortion services persist. The key political condition that accounts for these outcomes is the length of time in which liberal policymakers have been in power in Canada and conservatives in the U.S. The separation of powers, primary elections, and legislative fragmentation have also facilitated conservative influence on policy in the U.S., while Canada’s more unified institutions have made it easier for liberals to make comparatively rapid progress in these policy domains.
Assessing Performance
Authors: Banting Keith , Nagel Jack , Schafer Chelsea , Westlake Daniel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter asks whether standard theories of differences between Canada and the United States (U.S.) can explain disparities in critical social and political outcomes in the two countries. On six measures of system performance (homicides, infant mortality, poverty, economic inequality, voter turnout, and women legislators) Canada consistently delivers far better outcomes than the U.S., but examination of subnational variation reveals a more complex pattern. Most indicators differ more among U.S. states than among Canadian provinces. Within the U.S., outcomes in the northern tier of states usually resemble those in neighboring Canada more closely than they do the rest of the U.S., especially the South, which performs worst by every measure. Standard institutional and cultural theories of differences between the countries cannot explain regional variation within the U.S. nor the similarity of Northern Border states to Canada. Although obvious differences between Canadian and U.S. political institutions help account for greater homogeneity among provinces, explaining the overall pattern may require invoking such causes as climate, ethnic diversity, size of political units, and subnational political cultures.
Lessons of Comparison
Authors: Quirk Paul J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This concluding chapter synthesizes the main lessons of the book. Overall, the book suggests that effects of institutions—including those of parliamentary versus presidential or separation-of-powers systems—are contingent on other political circumstances, especially the state of the political party system, and yet that these effects will often shape important outcomes. The chapter reviews the book’s comparisons between the United States (U.S.) and Canada on political values and culture; electoral and party systems; executive leadership and legislative processes; bureaucratic influence; and federalism. It then reviews the comparisons of several policy areas—economic policy, environmental policy (climate change); social policy (healthcare); morality policy (abortion and gay rights); and diversity and inclusion (immigration and civil rights)—and of selected societal outcomes. It discusses the Trump presidency as both an indication and a cause of deterioration in American political institutions, and closes by considering the challenges facing both the U.S. and Canadian political systems.
Temptations to Incivility
Authors: Olberding Amy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers why incivility can be very appealing and seeks to reduce its appeal. It discusses the more raw pleasures of incivility, such as our enjoyment at disrespecting opponents, but focuses most on those incivilities we want to count as righteous or morally important. Incivility can seem most tempting precisely when we believe it to serve higher moral purposes—summoning attention to social ills or manifesting important moral views in our conduct. Despite this, the chapter argues, we have strong reasons for self-distrust when we want to be righteously uncivil, for our motivations will rarely be merely righteous. Tribalism, lack of humility, and popular rhetoric that encourages us to see incivility as heroic can encourage self-deception about the righteousness of our motivations.
Rules, Rules, Rules
Authors: Olberding Amy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Effective practice of civility and good manners requires that we follow socially shared conventional rules for conduct—etiquette. This chapter undertakes to show just why “big” values such as respect and consideration need “small” rules for their expression. The chapter considers the necessary role played by rules in both habit formation and situational judgment. It addresses the social dynamics that make rules meaningful, discussing how rules enable effective communication of intentions and dispositions. It likewise examines how rules can operate to generate a morally useful uniformity in behavior, guarding us against the expression of pernicious biases and inequities in our treatment of others.
Disappointments and Consolation
Authors: Olberding Amy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers what we might expect if we live more politely. It is natural to wish that life will just be better for the polite person—that she will find her relationships thriving, her society better, her life more enjoyable and intrinsically rewarding. But this chapter argues that we should not expect radical change. Rather, a key element in living politely is learning to withstand disappointment well. One needs, in other words, to learn how to maintain motivation to remain civil even when the results are not as one would wish. The chapter offers a discussion of how such motivation can be framed and preserved.
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Ballan Michelle S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the literature on children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in school-based settings. Reasons for the increasing prevalence rates are explored along with the challenges of differential diagnosis. The often unrecognized and undertreated mental health conditions that accompany autism spectrum disorders are discussed. The school mental health professional’s role in assessment and intervention is addressed, with attention paid to the use of response to intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders. The targeted classroom interventions of schedules, story-based interventions, modeling, and joint attention are reviewed. Opportunities to further support students with autism spectrum disorders are identified in collaboration with parents, teachers, and the community at large.
Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Ahlman Chris 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) does not describe the typical symptoms noted by researchers of pediatric bipolar disorder under bipolar I or II because there is a great deal of controversy over whether bipolar disorder exists in children. Researchers who have gathered data on children who experience irritability, mood swings, elevated moods, inattention, hyperactivity, defiance, compulsive behaviors, sadness, and sleep problems have called the condition either pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD; for children 3–12) or early-onset bipolar disorder (EOBD; for children 13–18). Students with PBD or EOBD have little control over their mood swings and irritability, calling for a combination of pharmacological and environmental interventions along with close monitoring of any side effects and evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions. Bipolar disorder in children is considered a progressive condition that manifests differently as the child ages, moving from more irritability, restlessness, and rapid mood swings to less frequent mood swings but longer depressive moods.
Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Schuetz Nikolaus , Mendenhall Amy N. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Anxiety disorders have the highest prevalence of any group of mental disorders. This chapter primarily focuses on three of these anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and separation anxiety disorder. These three anxiety disorders have shared characteristics, are often comorbid, can continue into adulthood, and are predictors of other adulthood anxiety disorders. In schools, where many children and adolescents spend large quantities of time, anxiety can hinder academic performance, inhibit social relationships, and impact other important areas of functioning. Anxiety disorders in children or adolescents should be assessed using tools with empirical support and should include information triangulated from several sources. Treatment should cater to the level of need, such as cognitive-behavior therapy with individuals or groups. Collaborating with teachers, parents, and other community members is important for addressing anxiety thoroughly. A case example portrays these aspects of anxiety disorders in school-age youth.
Elimination Disorders
Authors: Raines James C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Elimination disorders are sometimes considered the ugly step-child in psychiatry. Nocturnal enuresis is the voiding of urine at night and is always involuntary. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) specifically mentions antipsychotic medications as a potential cause. Encopresis is the repeated elimination of feces into inappropriate places, whether voluntary or involuntary. All children with elimination problems should see a pediatrician to rule out medical/physical causes. The prevalence of enuresis has been found to be higher in large or crowded families or in families that practice co-sleeping. A multitiered system of support approach begins with good toilet training and addresses occasional accidents. Simple behavioral treatments can usually resolve the problems. A case example illustrates a typical case.
Rousseau and the Meaning of Popular Sovereignty
Authors: White Stuart 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Contemporary democratic politics in many nations is characterized by a double anxiety concerning elite and “populist” capture of the political process. While the elitism concern points to the need to reassert popular sovereignty, the “populism” concern might be thought to contradict this. Drawing critically on Rousseau’s political theory, Stuart White develops and defends a normative conception of popular sovereignty that emphasizes the properly active and deliberative character of the popular sovereign. He sketches how this kind of popular sovereignty might be instituitionalized under contemporary conditions, and indicates how this potentially can address both concerns over elitism and populism.
Deliberation and University Governance
Authors: Locke Richard M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the United States, historical oppression and discrimination have barred certain groups based on their gender, race, religion, sexuality, and socioeconomic class from full participation in higher education. While there has been a long history of protest and pressure to diversify, progress has been mixed. After a recent wave of protests at Brown University, Richard M. Locke faced the task of developing a realistic and coherent university plan for addressing concerns and demands. Implementing insights from Joshua Cohen’s work on deliberation, Locke led a process that resulted in one of the most ambitious university diversity and inclusion action plans in the country. In this chapter, Locke describes the process undertaken and seeks to generalize from the experience at Brown to argue that collective deliberation can be an effective model for how universities can address an array of complex issues faced today.
Introduction
Authors: Ahuja Amit 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Dalits, the world’s largest marginalized group, have mobilized socially and electorally. This chapter introduces the puzzle of Dalit mobilization in India. It defines the three research questions central to addressing the puzzle. What factors shape the nature and the prospects of a marginalized group’s mobilization? How do social movements affect political parties? When does ethnic identity influence voting? It outlines the argument, and explains why mobilization of the marginalized matters. The chapter provides an overview of the social and institutional context for Dalit mobilization. It enumerates the research design, including the strategy for case study selection, and highlights the contributions of the book.
The Effects of Historical Dalit Social Mobilization
Authors: Ahuja Amit 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Much of the anticaste historical mobilization was aimed at social transformation. Did mobilization actually achieve this, though? To what extent can we measure the ideological penetration of movements among Dalits? Among non-Dalits? To what extent do we detect any behavioral changes among either group? This chapter turns to a set of survey-based and qualitative indicators to measure the effects of Dalits’ social mobilization on Dalits and non-Dalits. These indicators, this chapter shows, vary between movement (Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra) and non-movement (Uttar Pradesh and Bihar) states. These factors include the familiarity with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, including the ability to recognize his picture; attitudes toward policing caste boundaries via issues such as intercaste marriage and conversion; and attitudes toward the practice of untouchability.
Dalit Social Mobilization and Bloc Voting
Authors: Ahuja Amit 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The availability of ethnic blocs is a prerequisite for the success of an ethnic party. This chapter illustrates how Dalits’ historical social mobilization weakens bloc voting. Dalit social movements generate mobilizers and mobilization symbols that increase competition for Dalit votes at the locality-level, lower the utility of caste for differentiating among parties, shift the emphasis to material goods over symbolic goods, and split Dalit voters’ party preferences. Non-movement states were denied these electoral effects of Dalit social mobilization and hence preserved the possibility of bloc voting. The chapter concludes by reconsidering some of the explanations for ethnic party success.
How Mobilization Type Shapes Dalit Welfare
Authors: Ahuja Amit 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
When the social mobilization and electoral mobilization of the marginalized occur, they represent their political assertion. Why, then, should we care about the type of collective action that mobilizes the marginalized? This chapter argues that variation in welfare provision at the state level turns on a distinction in types of mobilization. When Dalits act collectively as a bloc, this has different consequences for the social sphere as compared to the electoral sphere. In the social sphere, bloc behavior articulates demands, pressurizes bureaucrats and politicians, and monitors the quality of goods and services provided by the state. Democratic accountability is increased. In the electoral sphere, however, bloc behavior has two especially negative effects. First, it transforms Dalits into weak clients, and second, it increases the probability welfare schemes will be disrupted or dismantled with electoral transfers of power. Democratic accountability is decreased.
Delay
Authors: Chrastil Rachel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Since the early modern period, women have postponed marriage and therefore, in many cases, remained childless. By putting off marriage and childrearing for a decade or longer, women could achieve other goals: a job, some savings, and the respect of their neighbors. To survive, these early modern women learned to take risks, make plans, and act responsibly. In the end, some women never married, and others waited so long that they turned out to be infertile by the time of marriage. These women risked poverty, dependency, and cruel mockery, yet a few articulated the preference for the single life. This chapter examines this early modern period and childlessness.
Whispers
Authors: Chrastil Rachel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the nineteenth century, contraception and a willingness to use it led to more childlessness within marriage. More women—especially urban women—began to limit their childbearing within marriage, even if they wed during their fertile years. In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, concern about childlessness and low fertility became an issue of national security. Childless women were accused of selfishness and race suicide. Demographers in the 1920s and 1930s believed they were witnessing a revolution whose outcome could not be predicted, in which subreplacement fertility was a structural piece of the puzzle. This chapter examines how married women of this time period considered childlessness by choice, a secret reality only discussed in whispered conversations.
Flourishing
Authors: Chrastil Rachel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Discussions about childless should engage a conversation about the fundamental purpose of our lives and how we flourish. On the personal level, the question is, How can lifelong childlessness be part of a good life? On the societal level, the question is, How can it be good for the whole if some people remain childless? Childless women of the past remind us that a good life encompasses a range of experiences. This chapter presents a flexible framework for exploring the lives of childless individuals: how they might thrive, the lacunas that they might need to fill, and how their experiences can help all of us—parents and childless alike—to expand our range of possibilities for the good life.
A Better World
Authors: Chrastil Rachel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on two proposals for how childlessness might benefit the greater good. The first are arguments against bearing children due to the unhappiness of human existence. The second are arguments for slowing population growth due to limitations on the world’s resources. Both of these arguments are controversial and some might say completely misguided. Malthus argued that going childless can help save the world, but his critics saw childlessness as a degrading punishment that was undeserved by the victims of industrial capitalism. The existence of childless individuals helps us to imagine dramatic answers to the persistent problems of human suffering and limited resources. Yet not having children isn’t a simple solution to climate change, poverty, inequality, or existential suffering.
Legacy
Authors: Chrastil Rachel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
What happens to our stuff when we die? How might we reimagine the family tree? Childlessness raises, among others, questions about legacy, inheritance, our relationship with future generations, our ability to shape the future, and the narratives we tell about the past and the future. The author examines several life stories to help readers begin to envision childlessness within a new paradigm of meaning. This chapter encourages readers to consider new metaphors for how they think about childlessness. It ends with considerations about the deep and necessary connections between the childless and the childful within the quest for human flourishing.
Conducting a Field Investigation
Authors: King Michael E. , Bensyl Diana M. , Goodman Richard A. , Rasmussen Sonja A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Performing field investigations is a core function of epidemiology in public health. When a threat to the public’s health occurs, epidemiologists investigate to describe the problem and identify causes, recommend immediate prevention and control measures, and provide a foundation for communicating information quickly to those who need to know to save lives and protect people from future illness. Although diseases and evaluative technologies evolve continually, the approach to conducting an epidemiologic field investigation remains relatively constant. Investigating an outbreak requires both a speedy and accurate response, necessitating a systematic approach that results in action. This chapter describes the basic 10-step approach for conducting an epidemiologic field investigation. Although the steps in this chapter are presented in a numeric and conceptual order, the order sometimes changes in practice. Ultimately, the goal of any epidemiologic field investigation is to use the science of epidemiology to rapidly ensure public health and safety.