bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of management of incidental gallbladder cancer after cholecystectomy
Authors: Søreide K , Guest R V , Harrison E M , Kendall T J , Garden O J , Wigmore S J 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Gallbladder cancer is rare, but cancers detected incidentally after cholecystectomy are increasing. The aim of this study was to review the available data for current best practice for optimal management of incidental gallbladder cancer.

Methods
A systematic PubMed search of the English literature to May 2018 was conducted.

Results
The search identified 12 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, in addition to several consensus reports, multi-institutional series and national audits. Some 0·25–0·89 per cent of all cholecystectomy specimens had incidental gallbladder cancer on pathological examination. Most patients were staged with pT2 (about half) or pT1 (about one-third) cancers. Patients with cancers confined to the mucosa (T1a or less) had 5-year survival rates of up to 100 per cent after cholecystectomy alone. For cancers invading the muscle layer of the gallbladder wall (T1b or above), reresection is recommended. The type, extent and timing of reresection remain controversial. Observation time may be used for new cross-sectional imaging with CT and MRI. Perforation at initial surgery had a higher risk of disease dissemination. Gallbladder cancers are PET-avid, and PET may detect residual disease and thus prevent unnecessary surgery. Routine laparoscopic staging before reresection is not warranted for all stages. Risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis increases with each T category. The incidence of port-site metastases is about 10 per cent. Routine resection of port sites has no effect on survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy is poorly documented and probably underused.

Conclusion
Management of incidental gallbladder cancer continues to evolve, with more refined suggestions for subgroups at risk and a selective approach to reresection.
Fluorescing Isofunctional Ribonucleosides: Assessing Adenosine Deaminase Activity and Inhibition
Authors: Ludford Paul T. , Rovira Alexander R. , Fin Andrea , Tor Yitzhak 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe enzymatic conversion of isothiazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine‐based adenosine (tzA) and 2‐aminoadenosine (tz2‐AA) analogues to the corresponding isothiazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine‐based inosine (tzI) and guanosine (tzG) derivatives is evaluated and compared to the conversion of native adenosine to inosine. Henri–Michaelis–Menten analyses provides the foundation for a high‐throughput screening assay, and the efficacy of the assay is showcased by fluorescence‐based analysis of tzA conversion to tzI in the presence of known and newly synthesized inhibitors.
Trans‐apical systemic tricuspid valve‐in‐ring replacement
Authors: Ghobrial Joanna , Reemtsen Brian , Levi Daniel S. , Aboulhosn Jamil 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTranscatheter valve replacement offers a safe and effective alternative to traditional surgical techniques in patients with congenital heart disease, especially those at high surgical risk. The most common causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with D‐transposition of the great arteries status post Senning or Mustard repair is severe tricuspid valve (TV) regurgitation. Replacement of the systemic TV may be useful in those without severe systemic ventricular dysfunction. We present a case of a patient with D‐loop transposition of the great arteries status post Mustard repair and TV ring placement with subsequent severe systemic TV regurgitation, at high surgical risk, who underwent a transcatheter valve replacement via a trans‐apical approach using an Edwards Sapien XT valve.
Discovery of a Fischer‐Tropsch Hybrid Reaction: Hydrogenation of Methylformate to Long‐Chain Hydrocarbons with Anderson‐Schulz‐Flory Chain Length Distribution
Authors: Iablokov Viacheslav , Kruse Norbert 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe report on the formation of chain‐lengthened hydrocarbons through hydrogenation of methyl formate over a Co/MgO heterogeneous catalyst and provide time‐dependent product spectra through Chemical Transient Kinetics. The results bear striking similarities with the CO hydrogenation over the same catalyst under essentially identical reaction conditions. Accordingly, hydrocarbons are mainly composed of straight paraffins besides smaller amounts of iso‐products and olefins. The kinetic analysis demonstrates methyl formate to undergo dissociative chemisorption and reaction rather than hydrogenation as a molecule. The initiation of C2+ hydrocarbon chain lengthening occurs time‐delayed and is correlated with gaseous CO and CO2 formation. Straight paraffins appear sequentially with about 1…2 s time increments between successive homologues. The chain growth follows polymerization‐type kinetics according to Anderson‐Schulz‐Flory, similar to the Fischer‐Tropsch reaction of CO hydrogenation.
Sweet Potato Bioethanol Upgrade Using Organic and Inorganic Dehydrating Agents
Authors: Silva Joab V. , Pardilhó Sara L. , Almeida Manuel F. , Alvim-Ferraz Maria C. , Dias Joana M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGlycerol, ethylene glycol, and quicklime were used as alternative dehydrating agents to obtain anhydrous bioethanol from sweet potato. The assay conditions were standardized using high bioethanol grades. For organic reagents, three volumetric ratios were studied whereas for quicklime, five concentrations were evaluated. Quicklime led to the highest bioethanol purity of 99.4 °GL, followed by glycerol and ethylene glycol, reaching 96.9 and 96.6 °GL, respectively. Glycerol and ethylene glycol were reused for 4 cycles with negligible loss of efficiency; however, the yield decreased by up to 8 %.
Octacarbonyl Anion Complexes of the Late Lanthanides Ln(CO)8− (Ln=Tm, Yb, Lu) and the 32‐Electron Rule
Authors: Jin Jiaye , Pan Sudip , Jin Xiaoyang , Lei Shujun , Zhao Lili , Frenking Gernot , Zhou Mingfei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe lanthanide octacarbonyl anion complexes Ln(CO)8− (Ln=Tm, Yb, Lu) were produced in the gas phase and detected by mass‐selected infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the carbonyl stretching‐frequency region. By comparison of the experimental CO‐stretching frequencies with calculated data, which are strongly red‐shifted with respect to free CO, the Yb(CO)8− and Lu(CO)8− complexes were determined to possess octahedral (Oh) symmetry and a doublet X2A2u (Yb) and singlet X1A1g (Lu) electronic ground state, whereas Tm(CO)8− exhibits a D4h equilibrium geometry and a triplet X3B1g ground state. The analysis of the electronic structures revealed that the metal‐CO attractive forces come mainly from covalent orbital interactions, which are dominated by [Ln(d)]→(CO)8 π backdonation and [Ln(d)]←(CO)8 σ donation (contributes ≈77 and 16 % to covalent bonding, respectively). The metal f orbitals play a very minor role in the bonding. The electronic structure of all three lanthanide complexes obeys the 32‐electron rule if only those electrons that occupy the valence orbitals of the metal are considered.
Substitution‐Inert Polynuclear Platinum Complexes Act as Potent Inducers of Condensation/Aggregation of Short Single‐ and Double‐Stranded DNA and RNA Oligonucleotides
Authors: Malina Jaroslav , Farrell Nicholas P. , Brabec Viktor 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCompounds condensing DNA and RNA molecules can essentially affect important biological processes including DNA replication and transcription. Here, this work shows with the aid of total intensity light scattering, gel electrophoresis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) that the substitution‐inert polynuclear platinum complexes (SI‐PPCs), particularly [{trans‐Pt(NH3)2(NH2(CH2)6‐ NH3+)}2‐μ‐{trans‐Pt(NH3)2(NH2(CH2)6NH2)2}]8+ (Triplatin NC), exhibit an unprecedented high potency to condense/aggregate fragments of DNA and RNA as short as 20 base pairs. SI‐PPCs condensates are distinctive from those generated by the naturally occurring polyamines (commonly used DNA compacting/condensing agents). Collectively, the results further confirm that SI‐PPCs are very efficient inducers of condensation of DNA and RNA, including their short fragments that might have potential in gene therapy, biotechnology, and bionanotechnology. Moreover, the data confirm the structural advantages of the phosphate clamp, with a well‐defined rigid DNA recognition motif in initiating condensation and aggregation phenomena on oligonucleotides.
Modellierung und Simulation von Vollmantelzentrifugen als ein Aspekt der voranschreitenden Digitalisierung in der Fest/Flüssig‐Trennung
Authors: Hammerich Simon , Gleiß Marco , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIm Zuge der Initiative Industrie 4.0 erhöht sich der Digitalisierungsgrad auch in der Prozessindustrie. Eine enge Verknüpfung von Analyseverfahren und dynamischer Prozessmodelle erlaubt die Optimierung der Prozesskontrolle und Steuerung auch in der industriellen Trenntechnik. Zu diesem Zweck müssen mathematische Modelle zur Beschreibung der Prozessebene in Echtzeit bekannt sein. Im Bereich der Fest/Flüssig‐Trennung erzwingt die voranschreitende Digitalisierung die Entwicklung von numerischen Methoden und von Short‐cut‐Modellen zur Vertiefung des Prozessverständnisses und der besseren Auslegung der Anlagen. Aufgelöste Strömungssimulationen dienen hier als Unterstützung zu Experimenten und zur Ableitung geeigneter Short‐cut‐Modelle. Am Beispiel von Vollmantelzentrifugen wird die Entwicklung dynamischer Prozessmodelle und deren Anwendung beschrieben.
Development of an entirely remote, non‐physician led hypertension management program
Authors: Fisher Naomi D.L. , Fera Liliana E. , Dunning Jacqueline R. , Desai Sonali , Matta Lina , Liquori Victoria , Pagliaro Jaclyn , Pabo Erika , Merriam Mary , MacRae Calum A. , Scirica Benjamin M. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundHypertension remains poorly controlled on the population level. National rates of control, even when defined leniently by BP < 140/90 mm Hg, are only ~50%. As growing healthcare costs coincide with tighter blood pressure (BP) targets, innovative management programs are needed to maximize efficiency of care delivery and optimize control.HypothesisWe aimed to develop a remote, navigator‐led hypertension innovation program that would leverage algorithmic care pathways, home BP measurements and patient coaching to allow rapid and complete medication titration.MethodsA multidisciplinary group of clinical experts from subspecialties and primary care collaborated to develop an evidence‐based clinical algorithm, designed to be automated and administered by non‐licensed patient navigators. In the development stage, a prospective pilot cohort of 130 patients was managed by nurse practitioners and pharmacists to ensure efficacy and safety. Patients with clinic BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg were enrolled and given a Bluetooth‐enabled BP device. Home BPs were transmitted automatically into the electronic medical record. Medication titrations were performed by phone at biweekly intervals, based upon weekly average BP, until home BP was controlled at <135/85 mm Hg.ResultsEighty‐one percent of all enrolled, and 91% of those patients who regularly measured home BP achieved goal, in an average of 7 weeks. Control was reached similarly across races, genders, and ages.ConclusionsA home‐based BP control program run by non‐physicians can provide efficient, effective and rapid control, suggesting an innovative paradigm for hypertension management. This program is effective, sustainable, adaptable, and scalable to fit current and emerging national systems of healthcare.
A Ternary Pt/Au/TiO2‐Decorated Plasmonic Wood Carbon for High‐Efficiency Interfacial Solar Steam Generation and Photodegradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Wang Minmin , Wang Ping , Zhang Jie , Li Chuanping , Jin Yongdong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA ternary Pt/Au/TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) decorated plasmonic wood carbon has been successfully fabricated by a simple two‐step calcination method. The as‐prepared Pt/Au/TiO2 NP‐decorated wood carbon showed an interfacial solar steam generation efficiency up to 90.4 %. Furthermore, the floating system exhibits an excellent photodegradation of tetracycline (TC; 40 mg L−1). Up to 94 % degradation was achieved after 80 min of continuous light irradiation (λ>420 nm) with the assistance of solar steam process. The photocatalysis is promoted by the introduction of Pt/Au nanocomponents, which suppress the recombination of electron–hole pairs generated on TiO2 and facilitate electron transfer. High‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was employed to identify the reaction products of the photocatalytic system and a mechanistic insight was also provided. The as‐prepared three‐dimensional plasmonic wood carbon has a high photocatalytic performance. Such wood carbon‐based system is recyclable and scalable for practical and versatile solar‐driven clean water generation.
Simultaneous Purification of Round and Elongated Spermatids from Testis Tissue Using a FACS‐Based DNA Ploidy Assay
Authors: Struijk R.B. , De Winter‐Korver C.M. , van Daalen S.K.M. , Hooibrink B. , Repping S. , van Pelt A.M.M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSpermiogenesis is the final phase of spermatogenesis during which post‐meiotic haploid round spermatids (rSpt) differentiate into elongated spermatozoa and includes several critical cell‐specific processes like DNA condensation, formation of the acrosome, and production of the flagellum. Disturbances in this process will lead to complications in sperm development and subsequently cause infertility. As such, studying spermiogenesis has clinical relevance in investigating the etiology of male infertility and will improve our scientific understanding of male germ cell formation. Here, we were able to purify round spermatid and elongated spermatid fractions from a single cryopreserved human testicular tissues sample with an efficiency of 85.4% ± 4.9% and 97.6% ± 0.6%, respectively. We confirmed the cell types by morphology and immunohistochemistry for histone H4 and PNA protein expression. The purity was measured by manual counting of histone H4 positive (round) and negative (elongated) spermatids in both sorted 1 N cell fractions. This method can be applied to both human and rodent studies. Especially in studies with limited access to testicular tissue, this method provides a reliable means to simultaneously isolate these cell types with high purity. Our method allows for further investigation of germ cell development and the process of spermiogenesis in particular, as well as provides a tool to study the etiology of male infertility, including morphological and biochemical assessment of round and elongating spermatids from subfertile men. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Diagnostic clues indicating tall cell variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma in fine needle aspiration
Authors: Tanaka Aki , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Higuchi Miyoko , Suzuki Ayana , Yamao Naoki , Hayashi Toshitetsu , Kuma Seiji , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe definition of tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (TCV‐PTC) depends on the articles, and the defined cytological findings characteristic of TCV‐PTC have not yet been fully analyzed. This study aimed to establish the cytological characteristics of TCV‐PTC.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the smears of 19 TCV‐PTC and 50 conventional PTC (C‐PTC) cases.ResultsPalisaded pattern with the nuclei locating at the base of tall columnar carcinoma cells was seen in 94.7% of TCV‐PTCs, and the incidence was significantly higher than that of C‐PTCs (P < .0001). The palisaded pattern tended to appear at the periphery of the cell clusters. Isolated tall columnar carcinoma cells were present in 89.5% of TCV‐PTCs. The incidence was significantly higher than that of C‐PTC (P = .0001). Tombstone appearance was identified in 78.9% of TCV‐PTCs, but not in C‐PTCs. Spindle‐like carcinoma cells with tapering cytoplasmic end appeared in 68.4% and 12.0% of TCV‐PTC and C‐PTC, respectively (P < .0001). The cytoplasm of TCV‐PTC was densely stained and its cell border was distinct. Cytoplasmic elongation toward an outside of the cell clusters was observed in 89.5% of TCV‐PTCs.ConclusionIt is the most important to identify the presence of the tall columnar carcinoma cells on the cytological preparations, in order to distinguish TCV‐PTC from C‐PTC. We propose five cytological findings indicating TCV‐PTC, (1) palisaded pattern, (2) tall columnar cells with the heights of at least three times their widths, (3) tombstone appearance, (4) spindle‐like carcinoma cells, and (5) cytoplasmic elongation.
Biocatalytic synthesis of diaryl disulphides and their bio‐evaluation as potent inhibitors of drug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Saima  , Soni Isha , Lavekar Aditya G. , Shukla Manjulika , Equbal Danish , Sinha Arun K. , Chopra Sidharth 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a WHO Priority II pathogen for its capability to cause acute to chronic infections and to resist antibiotics, thus severely impacting healthcare systems worldwide. In this context, it is urgently desired to discover novel molecules to thwart the continuing emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Disulphide containing small molecules has gained prominence as antibacterials. As their conventional synthesis requires tedious synthetic procedure and sometimes toxic reagents, a green and environmentally benign protocol for their synthesis has been developed through which a series of molecules were obtained and evaluated for antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogen panel. The hit compound was tested for cytotoxicity against Vero cells to determine its selectivity index and time‐kill kinetics was determined. The activity of hit was determined against a panel of S. aureus multi‐drug resistant clinical isolates. Also, its ability to synergize with FDA approved drugs was tested as was its ability to reduce biofilm. We identified bis(2‐bromophenyl) disulphide (2t) as possessing equipotent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus including MRSA and VRSA strains. Further, 2t exhibited a selectivity index of 25 with concentration‐dependent bactericidal activity, synergized with all drugs tested and significantly reduced preformed biofilm. Taken together, 2t exhibits all properties to be positioned as novel scaffold for anti‐staphylococcal therapy.
The Bogert effect revisited: Salamander regulatory behaviors are differently constrained by time and space
Authors: Farallo Vincent R. , Wier Rebecca , Miles Donald B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe use of behavior to buffer extreme environmental variation is expected to enable species to (a) extend the breadth of environments they inhabit beyond that predicted from climatic data and (b) diminish the negative effects of broad scale and chronic disturbances such as climate change. The term Bogert effect refers to behavioral compensation entailing microhabitat selection to maintain performance across a gradient of environmental conditions resulting in evolutionary inertia of physiological traits. Here, we compare microhabitats used by plethodontid salamanders distributed along an elevational gradient to determine whether there is behavioral compensation that buffers them from deleterious temperatures and moisture levels. Overall, salamanders preferred cooler and more mesic environments and occupied microhabitats that maintained constant moisture conditions at both high‐ and low‐elevation sites. Our results suggest that salamanders use microhabitats to regulate temperature and moisture levels, which is consistent with the Bogert effect. Maintenance of more moist conditions may help buffer these species from rising temperatures but only in suitable high‐elevation environments that are likely to disappear over the next century. We conclude that behavioral regulation of temperature and moisture is a potential mechanism for the Bogert effect in plethodontid salamanders.
Bombus terrestris in a mass‐flowering pollinator‐dependent crop: A mutualistic relationship?
Authors: Knapp Jessica L. , Becher Matthias A. , Rankin Charlotte C. , Twiston‐Davies Grace , Osborne Juliet L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBumblebees (Bombus spp.) rely on an abundant and diverse selection of floral resources to meet their nutritional requirements. In farmed landscapes, mass‐flowering crops can provide an important forage resource for bumblebees, with increased visitation from bumblebees into mass‐flowering crops having an additional benefit to growers who require pollination services. This study explores the mutualistic relationship between Bombus terrestris L. (buff‐tailed bumblebee), a common species in European farmland, and the mass‐flowering crop courgette (Cucurbita pepo L.) to see how effective B. terrestris is at pollinating courgette and in return how courgette may affect B. terrestris colony dynamics. By combining empirical data on nectar and pollen availability with model simulations using the novel bumblebee model Bumble‐BEEHAVE, we were able to quantify and simulate for the first time, the importance of courgette as a mass‐flowering forage resource for bumblebees. Courgette provides vast quantities of nectar to ensure a high visitation rate, which combined with abundant pollen grains, enables B. terrestris to have a high pollination potential. While B. terrestris showed a strong fidelity to courgette flowers for nectar, courgette pollen was not found in any pollen loads from returning foragers. Nonetheless, model simulations showed that early season courgette (nectar) increased the number of hibernating queens, colonies, and adult workers in the modeled landscapes. Synthesis and applications. Courgette has the potential to improve bumblebee population dynamics; however, the lack of evidence of the bees collecting courgette pollen in this study suggests that bees can only benefit from this transient nectar source if alternative floral resources, particularly pollen, are also available to fulfill bees’ nutritional requirements in space and time. Therefore, providing additional forage resources could simultaneously improve pollination services and bumblebee populations.
Grazing buffers the effect of climate change on the species diversity of seedlings in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Duo‐Bin , Wang Xin‐You , Wu Yuan , Lin Hui‐Long 
Published: December 2018

AbstractClimate change predominated by warming over the past decades has affected plant biodiversity, distribution, and ecosystem functioning in alpine grasslands. Yet, little is known about the interactive effect of climate change and grazing on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Here, we conducted a vegetation translocation experiment (ten soil‐vegetation blocks were translocated from high‐altitudinal site 3,245 m to low‐altitudinal site 3,045 m) combined with grazing treatment in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that (a) translocation induced effect of climate change from harsh, high‐altitudinal site to benign, low‐altitudinal site significantly promoted species richness, and density of asexual and sexual seedling, with an increase in the proportion of asexual recruitment to sexual recruitment; (b) grazing decreased the proportion of asexual seedling to sexual recruitment within community, led to a shift in the dominant plant functional groups from graminoids and legumes to forbs; and (c) grazing partly offset the increased species richness of seedling, but not seedling density, induced by climate change. These findings suggest that moderate grazing may buffer the effect of climate change on the plant community composition, and thus, functional role in alpine meadows. Further understanding the influence of climate change on grassland ecosystems needs to consider the non‐additive effect of grazing and climate change to sustainability of grassland services.