bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking the relationship between religiosity and conspiracy beliefs in Australia
Authors: Jasinskaja‐Lahti Inga , Jetten Jolanda 
Published: February 2019

We examined the interrelation between religiosity, anti‐intellectualism, and political mistrust in predicting belief in conspiracy theories. Improving on previous psychological research on the link between religiosity and societal and political attitudes, we assessed the predictive power of religious self‐categorization and the importance attached to one's own (non)religious worldview predicting belief in conspiracy theories separately. Applying quota sampling in a study in Australia (N = 515), the sample consisted of 48.9% believers (i.e., those who self‐categorized as religious persons) and 51.1% non‐believers (i.e., those who self‐categorized as non‐religious persons). The results showed that believers and non‐believers did not differ in the belief in conspiracy theories. Unpacking this further though, we did find that the extent to which religious worldviews were endorsed predicted belief in conspiracy theories. Among believers, the importance attached to their religious worldview was directly associated with higher belief in conspiracy theories and this link was partly mediated by higher anti‐intellectualism. Political trust, in turn, served as an inhibitor of the link between religiosity and conspiracy beliefs. Among non‐believers, there was no direct association between the importance of non‐religious worldview and belief in conspiracy theories. However, we found that higher trust in political institutions accounted for the negative association between non‐religious worldview and lower belief in conspiracy theories. The results underline the importance of distinguishing religiosity as a self‐categorization and religiosity as a worldview. We find that it is not the self‐categorization as religious, but the extent to which religious worldviews are endorsed that could predict people's beliefs in conspiracy theories.
Dimethyl fumarate impairs differentiated B cells and fosters central nervous system integrity in treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Traub Jan , Traffehn Sarah , Ochs Jasmin , Häusser‐Kinzel Silke , Stephan Schirin , Scannevin Robert , Brück Wolfgang , Metz Imke , Weber Martin S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn multiple sclerosis (MS), the effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment is primarily attributed to its capacity to dampen pathogenic T cells. Here, we tested whether DMF also modulates B cells, which are newly recognized key players in MS, and to which extent DMF restricts ongoing loss of oligodendrocytes and axons in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, blood samples and brain tissue from DMF‐treated MS patients were analyzed by flow cytometry or histopathological examination, respectively. Complementary mechanistic studies were conducted in inflammatory as well as non‐inflammatory CNS demyelinating mouse models. In this study, DMF reduced the frequency of antigen‐experienced and memory B cells and rendered remaining B cells less prone to activation and production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Dissecting the functional consequences of these alterations, we found that DMF ameliorated a B cell‐accentuated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model by diminishing the capacity of B cells to act as antigen‐presenting cells for T cells. In a non‐inflammatory model of toxic demyelination, DMF limited oligodendrocyte apoptosis, promoted maturation of oligodendrocyte precursors and reduced axonal damage. In a CNS biopsy of a DMF‐treated MS patient, we equivalently observed higher numbers of mature oligodendrocytes as well as a reduced extent of axonal damage when compared to a cohort of treatment‐naïve patients. In conclusion, we showed that besides suppressing T cells, DMF dampens pathogenic B cell functions, which probably contributes to its clinical effectiveness in relapsing MS. DMF treatment may furthermore limit chronically ongoing CNS tissue damage, which may reduce long‐term disability in MS apart from its relapse‐reducing capacity.
Loganetin protects against rhabdomyolysis‐induced acute kidney injury by modulating the toll‐like receptor 4 signalling pathway
Authors: Li Jie , Tan Yu‐jun , Wang Ming‐zhi , Sun Ying , Li Guang‐yan , Wang Qi‐long , Yao Jing‐chun , Yue Jiang , Liu Zhong , Zhang Gui‐min , Ren Yu‐shan 
Published: February 2019

Background and PurposeAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a rapid renal dysfunctional disease, for which no effective drugs or therapies are available to improve prognosis. Loganetin is a natural product with unknown bioactivities. Here, we identified a new protective effect and mechanism of Loganetin in a mouse model of AKI induced by rhabdomyolysis.Experimental ApproachAKI was induced using glycerol by i.m. injection in mice models. Thirty minutes and 24 and 48 hr after injection of glycerol, the mice received 2 and 18 mg·kg−1 of Loganetin i.p. respectively. Then mice blood and kidney were collected for various biochemical and histopathological studies. Mechanistic studies on modulation of AKI by Loganetin were performed using HK‐2 cells and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) knockout mice.Key ResultsIn the Loganetin treated group, kidney damage and mortality rate were declined, and blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were much lower. Loganetin prevented damage to the tubular structures induced by glycerol and decreased apoptotic cells at the corticomedullary junction. In HK‐2 cells, Loganetin could inhibit NF‐κB pathway and pro‐apoptotic genes expression. However, TLR4 was silenced by a specific shRNA, and the inhibitory effect of Loganetin in HK‐2 cells vanished. Loganetin also down‐regulated the expression of inflammation factors by suppressing TLR4 activity.Conclusion and ImplicationsAll the results suggested that TLR4 plays a critical role in AKI development, and Loganetin ameliorates AKI by inhibiting TLR4 activity and blocking the JNK/p38 pathway, which provides a new strategy for AKI treatment.
Surgical solutions for refractory J‐pouch inlet obstruction
Authors: Sellers M. M. , Elnekaveh B. M. , Hahn S. J. , Hirten R. P. , Greenstein A. J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimMany surgeons consider total proctectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis as the treatment of choice for patients with medically refractory ulcerative colitis or ulcerative colitis with dysplasia. However, obstruction occurring at the pouch inlet or involving the afferent limb can be refractory to nonoperative or endoscopic management. Historically, these refractory obstructions have usually required resection of the pouch. There is now increasing evidence to suggest that pouch salvage surgery may be feasible in these patients.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all patients of a single surgical practice who underwent a neo ileal‐pouch anastomosis for J‐pouch inlet obstructions between 2000 and 2017. Data collected included patient demographics, preoperative workup, intra‐operative findings, type of surgical intervention and postoperative outcomes.ResultsSurgical interventions were performed on eight patients with J‐pouch inlet obstructions. Six patients had inlet strictures or acute angulations at the inlet, which were either bypassed or resected and primarily anastomosed. Two patients had internal hernias posterior to the mesentery, with volvulus of the pouch. At a mean follow‐up of 36.5 months, all patients retained their pouches and the mean number of daily bowel movements was eight. Two major and two minor complications occurred.DiscussionJ‐pouch inlet obstructions may take years to develop. In patients with obstruction who are refractory to endoscopic or medical treatment, good functional results may be obtained with pouch salvage procedures. With increasing numbers of J‐pouches being performed, awareness of novel surgical techniques is important.
From understanding others' needs to prosocial action: Motor and social abilities promote infants' helping
Authors: Köster Moritz , Itakura Shoji , Omori Masaki , Kärtner Joscha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the present study, we test the main hypothesis that infants' understanding of others' needs translates into helping behavior, when critical motor and social competencies have emerged, early in the second year. We assessed the understanding of others' needs in an eye‐tracking paradigm and the helping behavior of 10‐ (n = 41) and 16‐month‐olds (n = 37). Furthermore, we assessed the motor and social abilities of 16‐month‐olds. Critically, while infants understood others' needs already at 10 months, fine motor and social interaction skills moderated the link between infants' prosocial understanding and helping behavior at 16 months. This provides first evidence that infants' helping behavior relates to their understanding of others' needs. Furthermore, we found that fine motor, gross motor, and social interaction skills predicted early helping behavior by themselves. These findings highlight that the emergence of infants' helping behavior is the result of a developmental system that includes infants' understanding of others' needs and also their motor and social competencies. The link between infants' understanding of others' needs and their early helpful actions provide further support for the prosocial nature of early helping behavior.
Influence of FLT3‐ITD and NPM1 status on allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant outcomes in patients with cytogenetically normal AML
Authors: Pasic Ivan , Da'na Waleed , Lam Wilson , Law Arjun , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Viswabandya Auro , Kim Dennis D. , Thyagu Santhosh , Messner Hans A. , Michelis Fotios V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn individuals with cytogenetically normal (CN) AML, disease risk is estimated using molecular features such as the status of NPM1 and FLT3‐ITD genes. However, data regarding the impact of NPM1 and FLT3‐ITD status on hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) outcomes are limited. We examined the effect of NPM1 and FLT3‐ITD status on transplant outcomes in 131 CN AML patients transplanted at Princess Margaret Hospital between 2006 and 2017.MethodsOverall survival (OS) was calculated using Kaplan‐Meier analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM) were calculated using competing risk regression.ResultsThere was no difference in 3‐year OS among NPM1+/FLT3‐ITD−, NPM1−/FLT3‐ITD−, NPM1+/FLT3‐ITD+ and NPM1−/FLT3‐ITD+ patients: 56% (95% CI, 29%‐76%), 61% (95% CI, 46%‐73%), 53% (95% CI, 34%‐70%) and 52% (95% CI, 17%‐78%), respectively. CIR at 3‐years was similar among NPM1−/FLT3‐ITD−, NPM1+/FLT3‐ITD+ and NPM1−/FLT3‐ITD+ patients—14% (95% CI, 6%‐26%), 13% (95% CI, 4%‐28%) and 19% (95% CI, 4%‐41%), respectively—while there were no relapses in the NPM1+/FLT3‐ITD− group. NRM at 3 years for NPM1+/FLT3‐ITD−, NPM1−/FLT3‐ITD−, NPM1+/FLT3‐ITD+ and NPM1−/FLT3‐ITD+ patients was similar at 44% (95% CI, 19%‐67%), 38% (95% CI, 25%‐50%), 43% (95% CI, 25%‐59%) and 44% (95% CI, 14%‐71%), respectively.ConclusionNPM1 and FLT3‐ITD status may provide limited prognostic information about transplant outcomes in CN AML patients.
Mechanisms of circadian clock interactions with aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling
Authors: Tischkau Shelley A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPer‐Arnt‐Sim (PAS) domain‐containing proteins are critical to homeostatic regulatory networks that mediate responsiveness to environmental change. PAS domains are multifunctional structural motifs that allow protein‐protein interactions amongst family members, typically forming heterodimeric transcription factors to affect the transcription of target genes. Prototypical PAS domain‐dependent pathways include the circadian clock network and metabolic regulation of the xenobiotic response through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Both pathways are increasingly linked to health, and alteration in their function contributes to development of disease. The AhR demonstrates promiscuity in ligand binding and selectivity during heterodimer formation, which allows varied combinations of protein‐protein interactions with other Per‐Arnt‐Sim (PAS) domain‐containing proteins and crosstalk amongst signalling pathways, including the molecular clockworks. AhR and the circadian signalling pathways are highly integrated and reciprocally regulated. AhR exhibits a rhythmic expression and time‐dependent sensitivity to activation by AhR agonists. Conversely, AhR influences amplitude and phase of rhythms in circadian clock genes, hormones, and behaviour. Understanding the molecular interactions between AhR and the clock provides insight into physiological regulation of rhythmic processes and provides an innovative approach to development of therapeutics.
Prevalence and duration of non‐motor symptoms in prodromal Parkinson's disease
Authors: Durcan R. , Wiblin L. , Lawson R. A. , Khoo T. K. , Yarnall A. J. , Duncan G. W. , Brooks D. J. , Pavese N. , Burn D. J. ,   the ICICLE‐PD Study Group
Published: February 2019

Background and purposeThe prevalence and duration of non‐motor symptoms (NMS) in prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and duration of prodromal NMS (pNMS) in a cohort of patients with recently diagnosed PD.MethodsWe evaluated the prevalence and duration of pNMS in patients with early PD (n = 154). NMS were screened for using the Non‐Motor Symptom Questionnaire (NMSQuest). We subtracted the duration of the presence of each individual NMS reported from the duration of the earliest motor symptom. NMS whose duration preceded the duration of motor symptoms were considered a pNMS. Individual pNMS were then grouped into relevant pNMS clusters based on the NMSQuest domains. Motor subtypes were defined as tremor dominant, postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) and indeterminate type according to the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale revision.ResultsProdromal NMS were experienced by 90.3% of patients with PD and the median number experienced was 4 (interquartile range, 2–7). A gender difference existed in the pNMS experienced, with males reporting more sexual dysfunction, forgetfulness and dream re‐enactment, whereas females reported more unexplained weight change and anxiety. There was a significant association between any prodromal gastrointestinal symptoms [odds ratio (OR), 2.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–4.89, P = 0.03] and urinary symptoms (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.19–5.35, P = 0.016) and the PIGD phenotype. Further analysis revealed that total pNMS were not significantly associated with the PIGD phenotype (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.99–1.21, P = 0.068).ConclusionsProdromal NMS are common and a gender difference in pNMS experienced in prodromal PD may exist. The PIGD phenotype had a higher prevalence of prodromal gastrointestinal and urinary tract symptoms.
Multiaspect‐based opinion classification model for tourist reviews
Authors: Afzaal Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Fong Alvis C.M. , Fong Simon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTourist reviews on social media websites reflect the tourist's opinions concerning various aspects of a tourist place or service (e.g., “comfortable room” and “terrible service” in hotel reviews). Extracting these aspects from reviews is a challenging task in opinion mining. Therefore, aspect‐based opinion mining has emerged as a new area of social review mining. Existing approaches in this area focus on extracting explicit aspects and classification of opinions around these aspects. However, the implicit and coreferential aspects during aspect extraction are often neglected, and the classification of multiaspect opinions is relatively less emphasized in prior art. In this paper, we propose a model, namely, “enhanced multiaspect‐based opinion classification” that addresses existing challenges by automatically extracting both explicit and implicit aspects and classifying the multiaspect opinions. In this model, first, a probabilistic co‐occurrence‐based method is proposed that utilizes the co‐occurrence between aspects and sentiment words to identify the coreferential aspects and merge them into groups. Second, an implicit aspect extraction method is proposed that associates the sentiment words with suitable aspects to build an aspect‐sentiment hierarchy. Third, a multiaspect opinion classification approach is proposed that employs multilabel classification algorithms to classify opinions into different polarity classes. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated by conducting experiments on benchmark and real‐world datasets. The experimental results revealed the supremacy of multilabel classifiers by achieving 90% accuracy per label on classification when extracting 87% domain‐relevant aspects. A state‐of‐the‐art performance comparison is conducted that also verifies the advantages of the proposed model.
Stenosis and thrombosis—unveiled complications of buttonhole cannulation
Authors: Moreira Carla Leal , Castro Ana , Silva Fernanda , Almeida Paulo , de Matos António Nórton , Sousa Clemente Neves , Almeida Rui , Cabrita António , Queirós José Alexandre 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe vascular access is the mainstay of hemodialysis. Arteriovenous fistula has been prioritized as the first choice of long‐term vascular access for its inferior rate of complications and improved patient survival. Rope ladder and buttonhole venipuncture are the most common techniques for arteriovenous fistulae cannulation. Much of the concern regarding buttonhole cannulation is the increased risk for potentially severe systemic infections. Increased risk for stenosis and thrombosis has been addressed but not confirmed. We discuss two cases of stenosis and thrombosis related to buttonhole puncture which heralded angiography intervention, raising awareness for the demand of close surveillance of arteriovenous fistulae when using buttonhole cannulation.
Implementing screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment in a French cohort of people living with HIV: a pilot study
Authors: Jacquet J‐M , Donnadieu‐Rigole H , Peries M , Makinson A , Nagot N , Reynes J , Peyriere H ,   the MesConsos study group name
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesScreening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence‐based practice used to identify, reduce and prevent problematic use and abuse of, and dependence on, tobacco, alcohol and psychoactive substances. To date, the pertinence of this practice among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is unknown. In this pilot study, we aimed to assess the acceptability of SBIRT in a cohort of HIV‐infected out‐patients who were asked about their consumption of alcohol, tobacco and psychoactive substances.MethodsA monocentric study was performed at the University Hospital of Montpellier. In a 6‐month period, 20 trained physicians screened for the consumption of alcohol [using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)], tobacco (using the Short Fagerstrom Test) and psychoactive substances [using the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) V3.0] via an auto‐questionnaire and proposed a brief intervention to patients with misusage.ResultsOne thousand and eighteen PLHIV completed the questionnaire, and 861 [84.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 82.2–86.7%] PLHIV returned it to the physician. Among the latter, 650 patients wished to discuss the answers with their physician (75.5%; 95% CI 72.5–78.3%), and brief interventions were realized in 405 patients (62.3%).ConclusionsSBIRT is a simple screening and harm reduction tool that is well accepted by PLHIV in out‐patient clinics. This method could be implemented in routine HIV care to screen and manage patients systematically for harmful substance use.
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria with erythrodontia: A case report
Authors: Ciftci Volkan , Kılavuz Sebile , Bulut Fatma Derya , Mungan Halise Neslihan , Bisgin Atil , Dogan Muharrem Cem 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe causes for intrinsic tooth discoloration can be separated into two categories as systemic and local. Systemic causes are either genetic or drug‐induced effects. The development of dentition can also be affected by a number of systemic factors and metabolic diseases such as porphyria. Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), also known as Gunther's disease, is a metabolic disease caused by a transformation in the gene that codifies uroporphyrinogen‐3 synthesis, leading to porphyrin aggregation in urine, skin, bone, and dentin.Case ReportA 21‐month‐old girl with erythrodontia was referred to Paediatric Dentistry Department in September 2017. A physical examination revealed blisters on her face, nose, hands, and feet. Laboratory findings showed highly elevated urine total uroporphyrin and total coproporphyrin I and III levels. Next‐generation sequencing multigene panel testing for porphyria demonstrated a homozygous c.10C>T (p.L4F) mutation in the UROS gene. For curative therapy, the patient was admitted to the allogeneic bone marrow transplantation program.ConclusionCongenital erythropoietic porphyria most commonly presents in the first few years of life. Manifestations can include reddish‐colored urine, skin blistering, scarring, and erythrodontia. A timely diagnosis can prevent undesirable skin findings of the disease and death due to hematological involvement before a curative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is performed.
Fluid distribution timetable on adherence to fluid restriction of patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis: Single‐blind, Randomized‐Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Mina Rame John L. , Lerma Maria‐Angelica B. , Litan Prince Lyncon B. , Milano Alyssa Andrea L. , Mojica April Dawn R. , Malong‐Consolacion Charito P. , Lerma Eleanore B. , Macindo John Rey B. , Torres Gian Carlo S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the effects of a fluid distribution timetable on adherence to fluid restriction of patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis.BackgroundFluid restriction is necessary among patients with chronic kidney disease. However, treatment adherence remains a challenge.DesignSingle‐blind, randomized‐controlled pilot study.MethodsFrom September ‐ December 2016, 24 consecutively‐selected patients with end‐stage renal disease from a single dialysis clinic were randomly assigned using computer‐generated sequences of randomly permuted blocks stratified according to gender to receive the fluid distribution timetable or standard care. Adherence to fluid restriction was measured using two indicators—thirst and interdialytic weight gain– and were compared using One‐way RM‐MANOVA and MANCOVA. Secondary outcomes included baseline patient demographic and clinical characteristics and were compared according to treatment allocation. Both groups were followed‐up for 4 weeks, assessing outcome measures during the second haemodialysis session for each week.ResultsAt baseline, the demographic and clinical characteristics and indicators of adherence to fluid restriction were comparable between the two groups. Thirst scores, however, were statistically lower in the treatment group than the control group on the fourth week follow‐up. There was also a remarkable decrease from baseline thirst and interdialytic weight gain scores in the treatment group, with partial eta‐squared of 0.43 and 0.39, respectively.ConclusionThe fluid distribution timetable was an effective adjunct treatment strategy in promoting adherence to fluid restriction. However, since this is just a pilot study, further investigation must be conducted to determine the effects of fluid distribution timetable.Trial registrationNCT03582592.