bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implantação do business intelligence para gestão da informação em unidades hospitalares
Authors: Ribeiro Annanda Letícia Unicki , Raksa Vivian Patricia 
Published: December 2018

Este relato de experiência tem como objetivo apresentar a implantação da ferramenta Business Intelligence (B.I) para a gestão da informação em hospitais próprios do estado do Paraná. Os resultados da produtividade hospitalar são repassados por meio de uma planilha de controle chamada de sistema de informação gerencial (SIG), sendo ela composta por quatro modalidades. Cada hospital gera uma planilha com um alto volume de dados, fato que dificulta a comparação dos resultados entre os hospitais. Diante desta barreira, desenvolveu-se o B.I o qual possibilita analisar dados de diferentes unidades e períodos. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento desta ferramenta, permite o acesso sistematizado aos dados, padronização das planilhas, celeridade na tomada de decisão, acompanhamento e planejamento dos resultados.
Cutting Edge: T Cell–Dependent Plasmablasts Form in the Absence of Single Differentiated CD4+ T Cell Subsets
Authors: Kotov Jessica A. , Jenkins Marc K. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The T follicular helper (Tfh) cell subset of CD4+ Th cells promotes affinity maturation by B cells in germinal centers. The contribution of other Th cell subsets to B cell responses has not been fully explored in vivo. We addressed this issue by analyzing the T cell–dependent B cell response to the protein Ag PE in mice lacking specific Th cell subsets. As expected, PE-specific germinal center B cell production required Tfh cells. However, Tfh, Th1, or Th17 cell–deficient mice produced as many PE-specific, isotype-switched plasmablasts as wild-type mice. This response depended on Th cell expression of CD154 and Ag presentation by B cells. These results indicate that many Th cell subsets can promote plasmablast formation by providing CD40 signals to naive B cells.
Regional-scale inventory of periglacial moving landforms connected to the torrential network system
Authors: Kummert Mario , Delaloye Reynald 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. When connected to torrential channels, periglacial moving landforms (including
rock glaciers, push moraines and high-altitude landsliding masses) may
constitute important active sediment sources for gravitational and torrential
transfer processes such as debris flows. However, still very little is known
about the location and the number of such types of sedimentary connection in
given regions, as well as about the typical sediment transfer rates that can
be expected. Therefore, this contribution aims at (i) describing a new
methodology developed to identify and characterize moving landforms connected
to the torrential network system at a regional scale and (ii) presenting the
results yielded from the application of this method in a 2000 km2 region
in the southwestern Swiss Alps. The developed approach is based on the
analysis of simple data such as a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM),
time series of aerial images and a slope movement inventory. The approach
allowed both the fast identification of moving landforms connected to
torrential channels and the estimation of annual sediment transfer rates for
these inventoried landforms. In the study region, results showed that such
types of sedimentary connection appeared to be rather rare. Results also showed that most connected moving landforms were characterized by relatively low
sediment transfer rates (<500 m3 yr−1) but several sites were
identified as transferring large amounts of sediment into the torrents
(>1000 m3 yr−1). As sediment transfer rates depend on the
kinematical behavior of the landforms, values calculated may change in regard
to the evolution of the surface velocities, which are currently generally
increasing in the European Alps. When connected to torrents, periglacial
moving landforms may thus represent substantial active sources of sediments
for the development of debris flows and should be considered in the
management of torrential catchments.
The Great Global Warmer: Jay Gatsby as a Microcosm of Climate Change
Authors: Keeler Kyle 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article traces James Gatz's transformation into Jay Gatsby as a representation and personification of human-caused climate change. Gatsby's life depends on many human-centered, selfish endeavors, from his inspiration via Dan Cody's mining practices and his involvement in intense deforestation during World War I to his bootlegging enterprise dependent on South American agriculture and the rise of the automobile, all the while ignoring the waste of the valley of ashes in favor of a consumer-culture lifestyle that feeds the socioeconomic disparity and wealth gap that began in America in the 1920s. While Gatsby's life and transformation depend on these practices, each one is in some part responsible for Earth's current ecological crisis. This article uses ecological philosophy to argue further that by going too far forward in time to reclaim what he had lost, Gatsby is also representative of humanity's eventual quest for a previously inhabitable Earth after each of these selfish ventures wreak havoc on the planet's environment. After the planet has become inhospitable due to extreme climate change, human beings will seek to return to a more environmentally welcoming planet; however, we will be unable to do so. In so doing, we may be destroyed by our own selfish endeavors, unable to repeat the past; and eventually, much like Gatsby, there will be no one to attend our funeral after we have been destroyed by our own valleys of ash.
Teaching Spanish discourse connectors in China: problems and proposals
Authors: Jia Jia 
Published: December 2018

In Spanish, connectors are those discourse markers that are specialized in linking different parts of a discourse and making explicit the argumentative relations between them. As functional linguistic units, they have complicated morphological, syntactic, semantic and discursive properties, which determine that they are very difficult to learn for foreign students, especially for Chinese learners, because of the systematic differences between their first language and Spanish. In this paper we will discuss the explanations of connectors found in the most used Spanish textbook in China: Español Moderno, and we will indicate the problems of this teaching method. Our aim is to propose some suggestions and teaching activities that could be used in the Spanish classrooms in China.
Ľudové čarodejné rozprávky vo výskume kľúčových osobností sociálnej a kultúrnej antropológie
Authors: Šutor Lukáš 
Published: December 2018

Štúdia prináša prehľad vybraných momentov výskumu ľudovej čarodejnej rozprávky z perspektívy kľúčových osobností sociálnej a kultúrnej antropológie od klasického evolucionizmu po súčasnosť s prihliadnutím na dejiny antropológie umenia. Najväčší prínos antropologického prístupu je v jeho transkultúrnej šírke a schopnosti vidieť slovesný folklór v celostnom kontexte: s akceptáciou biologických a ekologických faktorov, v psychologickej perspektíve, v sémantickom a performatívnom prepojení s rituálmi, náboženskými predstavami a sociálnym prostredím. Dôležité informácie priniesli terénne antropologické výskumy živých vystúpení rozprávačov v menej komplexných kultúrach. Z historickej perspektívy sme pomenovali tri fázy výskumu: hľadanie pôvodu, hľadanie podstaty a hľadanie kultúrneho kontextu ľudovej čarodejnej rozprávky. V štúdii upozorňujeme aj na paralelné výskumy v príbuzných odboroch. V závere vyjadrujeme presvedčenie o nemožnosti striktného oddeľovania disciplín, akými sú antropológia, folkloristika, filológia, lingvistika, literárna veda, ale aj prírodovedných disciplín, a to predovšetkým všade tam, kde majú spoločný predmet výskumu.
Imaging the Human Prostate Gland Using 1-μm-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Gardecki Joseph A. , Singh Kanwarpal , Wu Chin-Lee , Tearney Guillermo J. 
Published: December 2018

Context.—
The accuracy of needle biopsy for the detection of prostate cancer is limited by well-known sampling errors. Thus, there is an unmet need for a microscopic screening tool that can screen large regions of the prostate comprehensively for cancer. Previous prostate imaging by optical coherence tomography (OCT) has had insufficient resolution for imaging cellular features related to prostate cancer. We have recently developed micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) that generates depth-resolved tissue images at a high frame rate with an isotropic resolution of 1 μm.

Objective.—
To demonstrate that optical images obtained with μOCT provide cellular-level contrast in prostate specimens that will enable differentiation and diagnosis of prostate pathologies.

Design.—
Fresh prostate specimens obtained from surgical resections were scanned with μOCT ex vivo. Histologic features in the μOCT images were correlated to the corresponding conventional histology.

Results.—
Findings indicate that μOCT is capable of resolving many of the architectural and cellular features associated with benign and neoplastic prostate.

Conclusions.—
Because μOCT can be implemented in a small-diameter flexible probe, this study suggests that high-resolution μOCT imaging may be a useful tool for needle-based virtual biopsy of the prostate gland.
The New Librarianship Field Guide
Authors: Lankes R. David 
Published: December 2018

How librarians can be radical positive change agents in their communities, dedicated to learning and making a difference.
This book offers a guide for librarians who see their profession as a chance to make a positive difference in their communities—librarians who recognize that it is no longer enough to stand behind a desk waiting to serve. R. David Lankes, author of The Atlas of New Librarianship, reminds librarians of their mission: to improve society by facilitating knowledge creation in their communities. In this book, he provides tools, arguments, resources, and ideas for fulfilling this mission. Librarians will be prepared to become radical positive change agents in their communities, and other readers will learn to understand libraries in a new way.
The librarians of Ferguson, Missouri, famously became positive change agents in August 2014 when they opened library doors when schools were closed because of civil unrest after the shooting of an unarmed teen by police. Working with other local organizations, they provided children and their parents a space for learning, lunch, and peace. But other libraries serve other communities—students, faculty, scholars, law firms—in other ways. All libraries are about community, writes Lankes; that is just librarianship.
In concise chapters, Lankes addresses the mission of libraries and explains what constitutes a library. He offers practical advice for librarian training; provides teaching notes for each chapter; and answers “Frequently Argued Questions” about the new librarianship.
Renewables
Authors: Aklin Michaël , Urpelainen Johannes 
Published: December 2018

A comprehensive political analysis of the rapid growth in renewable wind and solar power, mapping an energy transition through theory, case studies, and policy.
Wind and solar are the most dynamic components of the global power sector. How did this happen? After the 1973 oil crisis, the limitations of an energy system based on fossil fuels created an urgent need to experiment with alternatives, and some pioneering governments reaped political gains by investing heavily in alternative energy such as wind or solar power. Public policy enabled growth over time, and economies of scale brought down costs dramatically. In this book, Michaël Aklin and Johannes Urpelainen offer a comprehensive political analysis of the rapid growth in renewable wind and solar power, mapping an energy transition through theory, case studies, and policy analysis.
Aklin and Urpelainen argue that, because the fossil fuel energy system and political support for it are so entrenched, only an external shock—an abrupt rise in oil prices, or a nuclear power accident, for example—allows renewable energy to grow. They analyze the key factors that enable renewable energy to withstand political backlash, andt they draw on this analyisis to explain and predict the development of renewable energy in different countries over time. They examine the pioneering efforts in the United States, Germany, and Denmark after the 1973 oil crisis and other shocks; explain why the United States surrendered its leadership role in renewable energy; and trace the recent rapid growth of modern renewables in electricity generation, describing, among other things, the return of wind and solar to the United States. Finally, they apply the lessons of their analysis to contemporary energy policy issues.
Barry Commoner and the Science of Survival
Authors: Egan Michael 
Published: December 2018

Chronicles the activist career of Barry Commoner, one of the most influential American environmental thinkers, and his role in recasting the environmental movement after World War II.
For over half a century, the biologist Barry Commoner has been one of the most prominent and charismatic defenders of the American environment, appearing on the cover of Time magazine in 1970 as the standard-bearer of "the emerging science of survival." In Barry Commoner and the Science of Survival, Michael Egan examines Commoner's social and scientific activism and charts an important shift in American environmental values since World War II.Throughout his career, Commoner believed that scientists had a social responsibility, and that one of their most important obligations was to provide citizens with accessible scientific information so they could be included in public debates that concerned them. Egan shows how Commoner moved naturally from calling attention to the hazards of nuclear fallout to raising public awareness of the environmental dangers posed by the petrochemical industry. He argues that Commoner's belief in the importance of dissent, the dissemination of scientific information, and the need for citizen empowerment were critical planks in the remaking of American environmentalism. Commoner's activist career can be defined as an attempt to weave together a larger vision of social justice. Since the 1960s, he has called attention to parallels between the environmental, civil rights, labor, and peace movements, and connected environmental decline with poverty, injustice, exploitation, and war, arguing that the root cause of environmental problems was the American economic system and its manifestations. He was instrumental in pointing out that there was a direct association between socioeconomic standing and exposure to environmental pollutants and that economics, not social responsibility, was guiding technological decision making. Egan argues that careful study of Commoner's career could help reinvigorate the contemporary environmental movement at a point when the environmental stakes have never been so high.
Being No One
Authors: Metzinger Thomas 
Published: December 2018

According to Thomas Metzinger, no such things as selves exist in the world: nobody ever had or was a self. All that exists are phenomenal selves, as they appear in conscious experience. The phenomenal self, however, is not a thing but an ongoing process; it is the content of a "transparent self-model." In Being No One, Metzinger, a German philosopher, draws strongly on neuroscientific research to present a representationalist and functional analysis of what a consciously experienced first-person perspective actually is. Building a bridge between the humanities and the empirical sciences of the mind, he develops new conceptual toolkits and metaphors; uses case studies of unusual states of mind such as agnosia, neglect, blindsight, and hallucinations; and offers new sets of multilevel constraints for the concept of consciousness. Metzinger's central question is: How exactly does strong, consciously experienced subjectivity emerge out of objective events in the natural world? His epistemic goal is to determine whether conscious experience, in particular the experience of being someone that results from the emergence of a phenomenal self, can be analyzed on subpersonal levels of description. He also asks if and how our Cartesian intuitions that subjective experiences as such can never be reductively explained are themselves ultimately rooted in the deeper representational structure of our conscious minds.
Bradford Books imprint
Building Genetic Medicine
Authors: Parthasarathy Shobita 
Published: December 2018

A comparative study of genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer in the United States and Britain that shows the importance of national context in the development and use of science and technology even in an era of globalization.
In Building Genetic Medicine, Shobita Parthasarathy shows how, even in an era of globalization, national context is playing an important role in the development and use of genetic technologies. Focusing on the development and deployment of genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer (known as BRCA testing) in the United States and Britain, Parthasarathy develops a comparative analysis framework in order to investigate how national “toolkits” shape both regulations and the architectures of technologies and uses this framework to assess the implications of new genetic technologies.
Parthasarathy argues that differences in the American and British approaches to health care and commercialization of research led to the establishment of different BRCA services in the two countries. In Britain, the technology was available through the National Health Service as an integrated program of counseling and laboratory analysis, and was viewed as a potentially cost-effective form of preventive care. In the United States, although BRCA testing was initially offered by a number of providers, one company eventually became the sole provider of a test available to consumers on demand.
Parthasarathy draws lessons for the future of genetic medicine from these cross-national differences, and discusses the ways in which comparative case studies can inform policy-making efforts in science and technology.
Committee Decisions on Monetary Policy
Authors: Chappell Henry W. , McGregor Rob Roy , Vermilyea Todd 
Published: December 2018

An examination of how the policy preferences of individual members of the Federal Open Market Committee are translated into monetary policy decisions.
In many countries, monetary policy decisions are made by committees. In the United States, these decisions are made by the Federal Reserve's Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), which consists of the seven members of the Board of Governors and the presidents of the twelve district banks. This book examines the process by which the preferences of the FOMC's individual members are translated into collective policy choices. This focus on the aggregation of individual preferences into group decisions is unique and provides an important perspective on the evolution of monetary policy choices.
To study decision making by the FOMC, the authors have used both formal voting records and detailed transcripts and summaries of deliberations contained in the committee's Memoranda of Discussion and FOMC Transcripts. The latter sources have been used to construct data sets describing individual committee members' policy preferences for the 1970-1978 and 1987-1996 periods when the FOMC was chaired by Arthur Burns and Alan Greenspan, respectively. These data are used to estimate monetary policy reaction functions for individual Committee members and to explore the role of majoritarian pressures, pressures for consensus, and the power of the chairman in collective decision making. The rich anecdotal evidence found in the Memoranda of Discussion and FOMC Transcripts inspires the narrative approach taken in two chapters, on the influence of political pressure on FOMC deliberations and on the relevance of the time inconsistency problem for the rise of inflation in the 1970s.
The Computational Nature of Language Learning and Evolution
Authors: Niyogi Partha 
Published: December 2018

The introduction of a mathematical and computational framework within which to analyze the interplay between language learning and language evolution.
The nature of the interplay between language learning and the evolution of a language over generational time is subtle. We can observe the learning of language by children and marvel at the phenomenon of language acquisition; the evolution of a language, however, is not so directly experienced. Language learning by children is robust and reliable, but it cannot be perfect or languages would never change—and English, for example, would not have evolved from the language of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. In this book Partha Niyogi introduces a framework for analyzing the precise nature of the relationship between learning by the individual and evolution of the population.
Learning is the mechanism by which language is transferred from old speakers to new. Niyogi shows that the evolution of language over time will depend upon the learning procedure—that different learning algorithms may have different evolutionary consequences. He finds that the dynamics of language evolution are typically nonlinear, with bifurcations that can be seen as the natural explanatory construct for the dramatic patterns of change observed in historical linguistics. Niyogi investigates the roles of natural selection, communicative efficiency, and learning in the origin and evolution of language—in particular, whether natural selection is necessary for the emergence of shared languages.
Over the years, historical linguists have postulated several accounts of documented language change. Additionally, biologists have postulated accounts of the evolution of communication systems in the animal world. This book creates a mathematical and computational framework within which to embed those accounts, offering a research tool to aid analysis in an area in which data is often sparse and speculation often plentiful.
Computers and Commerce
Authors: Norberg Arthur L. 
Published: December 2018

The history of a crucial decade in the early development of digital technology, focusing on both technical and business issues at two key firms.
Between 1946 and 1957 computing went from a preliminary, developmental stage to more widespread use accompanied by the beginnings of the digital computer industry. During this crucial decade, spurred by rapid technological advances, the computer enterprise became a major phenomenon. In Computers and Commerce, Arthur Norberg explores the importance of these years in the history of computing by focusing on technical developments and business strategies at two important firms, both established in 1946, Engineering Research Associates (ERA) and Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company (EMCC), from their early activities through their acquisition by Remington Rand. Both ERA and EMCC had their roots in World War II, and in postwar years both firms received major funding from the United States government. Norberg analyzes the interaction between the two companies and the government and examines the impact of this institutional context on technological innovation. He assesses the technical contributions of such key company figures as J. Presper Eckert, John Mauchly, Grace Hopper, and William Norris, analyzing the importance of engineering knowledge in converting theoretical designs into workable machines. Norberg looks at the two firms' operations after 1951 as independent subsidiaries of Remington Rand, and documents the management problems that began after Remington Rand merged with Sperry Gyroscope to form Sperry Rand in 1955.