bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of visual distraction on neonatal mask ventilation: a simulation-based eye-tracking study
Authors: Bibl Katharina , Wagner Michael , Dvorsky Robyn , Haderer Moritz , Giordano Vito , Groepel Peter , Berger Angelika , Whitfill Travis , Kadhim Bashar , Auerbach Marc A , Gross Isabel T 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether distractions during simulated neonatal resuscitation impact mask leakage and visual gaze patterns during positive pressure ventilation (PPV) of a newborn manikin.Study designIn this observational, simulation-based study, medical students and paediatric residents managed a neonate requiring resuscitation alongside a standardised team and executed PPV on a leak-free manikin. The scenario incorporated distractions such as chest compressions, preparation and insertion of an umbilical vein catheter, administering fluids and interpreting venous blood gas. Ventilation parameters were monitored using a respiratory function monitor, and participants were equipped with eye-tracking glasses to assess visual gaze patterns. Additionally, they self-assessed their level of distractions and estimated performance. Measures included dwell time, mask leak, minute volume and respiratory rate to determine whether PPV parameters and distractors were associated during times of interest (TOI).ResultsWe included 30 participants and observed statistically significant differences in the delivery of PPV parameters between TOIs with distractions compared with TOIs without distractions, as reflected in mask leak (31.0 vs 15.9 %), minute volume (202.0 vs 253.0 mL/kg/min) and respiratory rate (29.0 vs 33.0/min). Results on alterations in gaze behaviour showed a significant gaze shift from the infant’s chest and airway to instruments and other areas of interest when distractions were present. During the venous blood gas interpretation, participants rated their performance worse than during other TOIs. Participants generally overrated their ventilation quality.ConclusionThis study showed a significant impact of distractions on PPV parameters and visual attention during simulated neonatal resuscitation.
Neuropsychiatric diagnoses after montelukast initiation in paediatric patients with asthma
Authors: Paljarvi Tapio , Forton Julian T , Thompson Courtney , Luciano Sierra , Herttua Kimmo , Fazel Seena 
Published: November 2024

Background
The evidence base on montelukast-associated adverse outcomes is inconclusive in children and young persons (CYP) with asthma. We aimed to investigate 1-year incidence of neuropsychiatric diagnoses after initiation of montelukast as an adjunct therapy to inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in CYP aged 3–17 years with asthma.

Methods
This propensity score matched cohort study was conducted using electronic health records between 2015 and 2019 in the TriNetX Analytics Network patient repository in the USA. Neuropsychiatric diagnoses were identified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes. We estimated risk ratios (RRs), absolute risk increase (ARI) and number needed to harm (NNH) with 95% CIs.

Findings
The mean age (SD) at index prescription in the 107 384 CYP with asthma was 8.7 (4.0) years (93 461 (87%) mild to moderate asthma; 62 301 (58%) male; 53 485 (50%) white; 33 107 (31%) black/African American). Montelukast was associated with excess incidence of any neuropsychiatric outcome (71 per 1000 persons with montelukast and 54 per 1000 persons with no montelukast; RR 1.32 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.39); ARI per 100 persons, 1.71 (95% CI 1.44 to 1.98); 1-year NNH, 58 patients (95% CI 51 to 69)). The highest excess risk in the montelukast group was for sleep disorders (RR 1.63 (95% CI 1.50 to 1.77); ARI per 100 persons 1.17 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.33); NNH, 85 patients (95% CI 75 to 100)). Montelukast use was also associated with excess incidence of anxiety disorders (RR 1.16 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.24)) and mood disorders (RR 1.16 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.29)).

Conclusions
In CYP with asthma who were treated with ICSs, adjunct treatment with montelukast was associated with a higher incidence of neuropsychiatric outcomes compared with those who were not exposed to montelukast.
Shear-free collapsing compact star in pseudo-flat 5-D spacetime emitting radiation
Authors: Singh Ksh. Newton , Samanta Bidisha , Maurya S. K. , Rahaman Farook , Singh N. Kamal , Aria Anil K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA shear-free, collapsing compact object, described by an embedding class I solution and emitting radiation, is presented here. Because of the properties of embedding class I, this four-dimensional interior spacetime can be embedded in pseudo-flat five-dimensional space. Starting with an initially static and shear-free gravitating body through the Karmarkar condition, we have explored the time evolution of the system using the time-dependent Einstein field equations. The interior solution is smoothly matched with the Vaidya outgoing solution across a time-like hypersurface which yields the temporal behaviour of the model. Further, a thorough physical analysis of the thermodynamic variables has been presented spatially and temporally. As the time progresses into the future, the surface compactness factor approaches the Buchdahl limit until it crosses this to proceed with the collapse. Before $$2m_\Sigma /r_\Sigma \rightarrow 8/9$$

2

m
Σ

/

r
Σ

→
8
/
9

, the equation of state adjusts itself like a self-immune system to hold the system by increasing $$\Gamma _{rc}$$

Γ

rc

(i.e. increasing stiffness). All the physical quantities, e.g., density, pressure anisotropy, radiation, luminosity, temperature, are non-singular throughout the interior of the star at a finite time slice. As the time progresses, these quantities point towards a future singularity. Throughout the evolution, the surface density and surface pressure always remain lower than their corresponding central values. Similarly, the causal temperature also always remains higher than the non-causal counterpart throughout the interior as well as during the evolution.
Exploring a novel Einstein–Rosen BTZ wormhole
Authors: Anand Ankit , Jusufi Kimet , Latifi Mendrit 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe introduce a novel Einstein–Rosen BTZ wormhole metric as a solution to the Einstein field equations with a negative cosmological constant and explore in detail its various phenomenological aspects. We show that the wormhole metric is characterized by a horizon at the throat, resembling a black hole horizon. This implies that our wormhole metric describes a one-way traversable wormhole at the throat, with Hawking radiation observed by an observer located at some distance from the wormhole. It is also found the same Hawking temperature using the BTZ-like coordinates and Kruskal-like coordinates. This temperature is invariant not only on the type of coordinates but also the nature of the spin of quantum fields. Importantly, we find that at the wormhole throat, the spacetime is not a pure vacuum solution, but rather contains an exotic string matter source with negative tension, which may stabilize the wormhole geometry. To this end, we found that the size of the wormhole throat is proportional to the number of quantum bits suggesting a possible implications on ER=EPR. Further we studied the particle dynamics and, finally, we tested the ANEC with a test scalar and vector fields. For the double null-component computed in BTZ coordinates, we found an apparent divergence at the wormhole throat, which is then shown to be regularized by means of Kruskal-like coordinates. The ANEC for such a scalar/vector field is violated at the wormhole throat.
PIXE, SEM and RAMAN analysis of pictorial materials from the VIII century crypt of San Salvatore, Brescia (Italy)
Authors: Zucchiatti Alessandro , Roascio Stefano , Donate Carretero Inmaculada , Triolo Paolo Antonino Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe complex of Santa Giulia of Brescia (Italy) is a great and extensively studied architectural and archaeological site, of which the church of San Salvatore is an emblematic monument. This study, conducted in the crypt of the church, implements what was published from non-destructive particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE) examination of the painting materials with structural and compositional analyses by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. These analyses produced new and decisive data for a correct identification of the pictorial palette. We also added a photographic documentation in a few bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The review of all data and their complementarity has allowed a more sound insight into the pictorial techniques used for the crypt’s decoration. This work integrates the archaeological studies conducted on the crypt and, together with them and in comparison with data from coeval monuments, confirms in the church of San Salvatore the use of products and techniques typical of the Longobard Period.
Hydrochlorothiazide Improves Cardiac Remodeling in Heart Failure Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress
Authors: Luo Jinghong , Li Juncong , Li Ling , Ye Jizhang , Chen Shudan , Zeng Qingchun 
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims: The impact of thiazide diuretics on cardiac remodeling and prognosis in heart failure remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate whether hydrochlorothiazide can improve cardiac function and remodeling by inhibiting oxidative stress.Methods: The rat model of heart failure was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery, and hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg/kg, ig, Qd) was administered by gavage for 6 weeks. The cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography and hemodynamics. Various methodologies were used to evaluate the effects of hydrochlorothiazide on myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The effects of hydrochlorothiazide were validated in vitro using H9c2 cell cultures. The binding mechanism of hydrochlorothiazide to carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAII) was investigated using molecular docking and dynamics simulations.Results: The decreases in ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and left ventricular end‐systolic pressure and the increases in left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure, and B‐type natriuretic peptide in heart failure rats were improved by hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide can reduce the expression of myocardial collagen I. In terms of oxidative stress, hydrochlorothiazide can decrease MDA, p47phox, and p67phox while increasing SOD2, total oxidation capacity, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and IV. Additionally, hydrochlorothiazide can inhibit the p38MAPK/JNK signaling pathway, leading to reduced expression of inflammatory markers (NF‐ĸB p65) and apoptotic markers (Bax, caspase3, and cytochrome C). The possible mechanism involves hydrochlorothiazide inhibiting the expression of sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), which is an upstream molecule involved in oxidative stress. H9c2 cell culture further confirmed the effects of hydrochlorothiazide on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation results demonstrated that hydrochlorothiazide directly binds to CAII forming an unstable conformation. Gene knockout studies showed that CAII knockout reduces the expression of NHE1, NCX1, p67phox, Bax, and NF‐ĸB p65.Conclusions: Hydrochlorothiazide can enhance cardiac function and mitigate cardiac fibrosis remodeling in rats with heart failure by reducing the oxidative stress and inhibiting the p38MAPK/JNK signaling pathway, wherein CAII and NHE1 play a crucial role.
A Concept Analysis of Change Fatigue Among Nurses Based on Walker and Avant’s Method
Authors: Cao Songmei , Lin Jingxi , Liang Yiqing , Qin Yuan 
Published: November 2024

Background: Change is prevalent in nursing environments and often leads to change fatigue among nurses while aiming to improve service quality and efficiency. Change fatigue is a significant stressor affecting nurses’ work and psychology, and it is a crucial factor influencing organizational change. However, the concept of change fatigue among nurses has not yet been clearly defined or analyzed.Aim: This analysis aims to differentiate, clarify, and clearly identify the specific concept of change fatigue among nurses, which will provide nursing administrators and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the concept of change fatigue among nurses, ultimately facilitating relevant measurements and interventions.Methods: This study employed Walker and Avant’s concept analysis method.Results: A total of 29 papers were included in the study. The four defining attributes of change fatigue among nurses were identified as nurses’ exposure to constant change, exhaustion, decreased agency, and passive acceptance of change. Antecedents were categorized into nurses’ personal factors and those related to the organizational environment. The consequences of change fatigue were distinguished between individual‐level and organizational‐level impacts.Conclusions: This study provides a clearer understanding of the concept of change fatigue among nurses by outlining its antecedents, attributes, and consequences. An operational definition and conceptual understanding of change fatigue will aid future research in developing effective prevention strategies.
Catheter Ablation or Surgical Therapy in Severe Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation Caused by Long‐Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation—Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Ye Qing , Li Yuqi , Zhang Wenbo , Zhao Yichen , Zhao Cheng , Li Zonglin , Li Fei , Yao Yan , Wang Jiangang 
Published: November 2024

Background
There is no consensus on the treatment strategy for patients with severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation combined with heart failure (HF), with a lack of comparative studies in patients with long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation and severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation. We aim to compare mitral valve repair combined with the maze procedure with catheter ablation in patients with severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation due to long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results

Patients with severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation and long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation were included in this retrospective cohort study. Surgical patients underwent mitral valve repair combined with the Cox maze procedure, whereas catheter patients underwent catheter radiofrequency ablation. Mortality, atrial fibrillation recurrence, and HF readmission were assessed using overlap propensity score weighting. Then, between 2018 and 2022, we identified 302 patients: 215 in the surgical group and 87 in the catheter group. There were significant differences in the baseline characteristics between groups. The surgical group had lower rates of atrial fibrillation recurrence (
P
=0.03), HF readmission (
P
=0.03), and mitral regurgitation grade >2 at discharge (
P
<0.01) and follow‐up (
P
<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the 5‐year freedom from death (log‐rank
P
=0.87), atrial fibrillation recurrence (log‐rank
P
=0.36), or HF readmission rates (log‐rank
P
=0.18).

Conclusions
Compared with surgical patients, the catheter group had higher atrial fibrillation recurrence and HF readmission rates; however, the difference was not significant after overlap propensity score weighting. Although the proportion of patients with significant mitral regurgitation at the last follow‐up was higher after catheter ablation, most patients still showed an effective decrease in mitral regurgitation severity.
Hypoglycemic Events May Trigger Acute Ischemic Stroke Within 30 Days in Those With Diabetes: A Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Makam Supriya , Stein Laura K. , Dhamoon Mandip S. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Stroke triggers are factors that may precipitate a stroke within a given time interval and can predict the timing of a stroke. While hypoglycemia has been established as a risk factor for cardiovascular events such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS), there is limited research demonstrating hypoglycemic events as stroke triggers. We hypothesize an association between hypoglycemic events and the occurrence of stroke among patients with diabetes.

METHODS:

We used Medicare inpatient, outpatient, emergency department, and subacute nursing facility data sets from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019, and validated using
International Classification of Diseases
,
Tenth Revision
, Clinical Modification codes to identify conditions. We used a case-crossover study design, testing whether exposure to a hypoglycemia encounter within progressively longer case periods (up to 30 days before index AIS) was associated with the subsequent occurrence of AIS, compared with control periods of equal length exactly 1 year before the case period. We used conditional logistical regression models to estimate odds ratios and 95% CIs.

RESULTS:

There were 237 667 index admissions with AIS and diabetes during the study period. There were increased odds of AIS following an encounter with hypoglycemia. The risk was the highest immediately on the first day following the hypoglycemia encounter (odds ratio, 3.694 [95% CI, 2.694–5.065];
P
<0.0001) and gradually became lower as the case-control period lengthened. At a 30-day case-control interval, the risk was lowest but still significant (odds ratio, 2.345 [95% CI, 2.179–2.523];
P
<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
We found that hypoglycemic events in patients with diabetes are associated with a more than 3-fold greater risk of AIS in the first day but can trigger AIS in the 30 days following the event. More research is needed to assess the link between the severity of hypoglycemia and stroke occurrence, as well as the severity of the stroke. These results, if confirmed in other studies, emphasize the importance of avoiding hypoglycemic events in patients with diabetes.
Complexity, Artificial Life, and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gershenson Carlos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The scientific fields of complexity, Artificial Life (ALife), and artificial intelligence (AI) share commonalities: historic, conceptual, methodological, and philosophical. Although their origins trace back to the 1940s birth of cybernetics, they were able to develop properly only as modern information technology became available. In this perspective, I offer a personal (and thus biased) account of the expectations and limitations of these fields, some of which have their roots in the limits of formal systems. I use interactions, self-organization, emergence, and balance to compare different aspects of complexity, ALife, and AI. Even when the trajectory of the article is influenced by my personal experience, the general questions posed (which outweigh the answers) will, I hope, be useful in aligning efforts in these fields toward overcoming—or accepting—their limits.
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in the Jewish Press
Authors: Katz Maya Balakirsky 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores the overlooked response from the Jewish press to the first 1903 edition of what became known as the Protocols of the Elders of Zion during the period when a second edition became public in 1905. The study recovers and analyzes a public apology that its second publisher wrote to the Jewish people, caricatures, and carnivalesque ditties. The results indicate that the first edition is not what we think it is – a rabid antisemitic text – but rather a revolutionary anti-liberalism text that the state and the secret police tried to ban, retract, and override with new editions.
The Use of the Moods in the Root *wekw- in Homer
Authors: De Decker Filip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article, I investigate the use of the subjunctive and optative moods of the root *wekw- (ἔειπον) in Homer. First, I explain the choice of this root; give a brief overview of the scholarship on the moods in Homeric Greek, focusing on two theories, the one arguing that both moods belong to an irrealis-continuum, and the other that they were in origin future forms (some explanations combine both theories); and describe the problems in determining the moods. Then I proceed to the actual analysis and divide the corpus into broad categories, as I cannot discuss all the instances. Special attention is devoted to the optatives (as they are much less common than the subjunctive), to the instances where optative and subjunctive have both been transmitted, and to the instances of the verba timendi (verbs of fearing). I start with the subjunctive, proceed to the optative afterwards, and discuss the passages with -ωμι and -οιμι and the ones where both forms are transmitted. Thereafter, I turn to Iliad 6.479 and compare it to Iliad 6.459. I devote an entire section to the verba timendi with past reference, as this is an element in which Homeric syntax differs from later (Attic) Greek. Finally, in three passages, I contrast the use of the moods of the root *wekw- with those of the other verbs in the same passage. A separate analysis of the use and absence of the modal particle (MP) is beyond the scope of this paper.
Imparting Textuality
Authors: Minchin Elizabeth 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Forward planning and rehearsal were essential to a successful oral performance of the Homeric kind. Drawing on the work of linguistic anthropologist Karin Barber, on research in cognitive psychology, and ethnographical studies, I propose that we may find in the epics good evidence for poetic preparation. I present a number of passages from the Homeric epics that, I argue, were the product of composition and rehearsal in tandem; to use Barber’s phrase, they “pre-existed the moment of utterance.”
In a Different Voice: Pandita Ramabai’s Gendered Critique as Intellectual Biography
Authors: Malhotra Meenakshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the life and work of Pandita Ramabai (1858–1922), a reformer who strongly resisted Brahmanical epistemology and patriarchal ideologies in late nineteenth–early twentieth-century India, using the theoretical perspective of intellectual biography and focusing on the ideational aspects of Ramabai’s life and work in late nineteenth-century colonial India. The paper utilises her auto/biographical accounts and social critiques and analyses them in the context of burgeoning contemporary nineteenth-century discourses on the condition of women and their emancipation, with particular reference to high-caste Hindu women. I argue that Ramabai’s narrativizing of her life approximates to “autobiography as manifesto” (Smith). Her scathing social critique of Brahmanical patriarchies articulated in The High-Caste Hindu Woman (1887) and her slim autobiography My Testimony (1907) present a rational justification for her conversion and for her work to rehabilitate widows, both of which elicited criticism and censure.
Sexual dimorphism in prokinetic effects of a ghrelin agonist acting through the lumbosacral defecation center in rats
Authors: Tsukamoto Shumpei , Sawamura Tomoya , Yuki Natsufu , Horii Kazuhiro , Horii Yuuki , Homma Takeshi , Saito Shouichiro , Shiina Takahiko , Shimizu Yasutake 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe investigated the effects of a centrally penetrant ghrelin agonist, RQ-00538053, on colorectal motility in female rats in comparison with that in male rats. Intravenous administration of RQ-00538053 enhanced colorectal motility in female rats. However, approximately tenfold higher doses were required to induce responses in female rats similar to those in male rats. Higher doses were required even when the agonist was intrathecally administered to the lumbosacral spinal cord in female rats. The results of RT-qPCR showed that the level of ghrelin receptor expression in the lumbosacral spinal cord was lower in female rats than in male rats, suggesting that the lower expression level of the receptor may contribute, at least in part, to the sex differences in the action of RQ-00538053. The sexually dimorphic action of a ghrelin agonist will be important for future works aiming to utilize ghrelin agonists as novel drugs to improve constipation.