bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Strain Response of Stainless Steel 304 to Extreme Uniform Instantaneous Explosion Pressure Loads
Authors: Thomas Geraint O. , Oakley Gwyn L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper describes a new configuration using a gaseous detonation explosive blast source suitable for the studies of the instantaneous uniform pressure loading and mechanical response of materials. The capabilities of the configuration are illustrated by a preliminary series of experiments of the dynamic loading of clamped circular plates of 304 grade stainless steel with thicknesses ranging from 9.5 mm to 0.5 mm. The mechanical responses of the plates were monitored using strain gauges placed across the plate radius together with physical measurements of any permanent residual displacement of the center of the plate. The residual central deformations were analyzed using a well-established correlation involving nondimensional pressure load impulse. No universal correlation for the present data was found, but linear relationships for changes in two experimental parameters were identified, suggesting that the existing correlations have some deficiencies when applied to stainless steel 304.
Micro Deep Drawability of the Superplastic Zn–22Al Alloy at a High Strain Rate and Room Temperature
Authors: Çetin Mehmet Emin , Cora Ömer Necati , Sofuoğlu Hasan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the micro deep drawability of the Zn–22Al alloy at room temperature in which it shows superplastic properties. To this goal, first the two-step equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process was carried out to obtain an ultra-fine-grained structure (UFG). Upon achieving the grain size of 200 nm, the formability of the alloy at room temperature and at a high strain rate was investigated both experimentally and numerically. Micro deep drawing experiments were performed at different deep drawing ratios (1.66, 1.84, 2.0, and 2.25) and for different sheet thicknesses (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm). The finite element model of the micro deep drawing was also established to assess and compare the thickness variation in deep drawn parts. Results showed that the superplastic Zn–22Al alloy has a great potential in microforming applications. It was also noted that the limiting drawing ratio can be obtained as high as 2.25 in the room temperature condition.
Concentration Distribution of Photosensitive Liquid in a Droplet Under Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Li Tianyi , Kar Aravinda , Kumar Ranganathan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A semi-analytical solution for the concentration of photosensitive suspension is developed in a hemispherical droplet illuminated with ultraviolet (UV) laser. A biharmonic equation in stream function is analytically solved using toroidal coordinates, which is used to solve the transport equation for concentration. Flow pattern and photosensitive material concentration are affected by the peak location of the UV light intensity, which corresponds to the surface tension profile. When the laser beam is moved from the droplet center to its edge, a rotationally symmetric flow pattern changes from a single counter clockwise circulation to a circulation pair and finally to a single clockwise circulation. This modulation in the orientation of circulation modifies the concentration distribution of the photosensitive material. The distribution depends on both diffusion from the droplet surface and the Marangoni convection. The region beneath the droplet surface away from the UV light intensity peak has low concentration, while the region near the downward dividing streamline has the highest concentration. When the UV light peak reaches the droplet edge, the concentration is high everywhere in the droplet.
Parametric Vibration and Numerical Validation of Axially Moving Viscoelastic Beams With Internal Resonance, Time and Spatial Dependent Tension, and Tension Dependent Speed
Authors: Tang You-Qi , Ma Zhao-Guang , Liu Shuang , Zhang Lan-Yi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the idea of an axially moving time-dependent beam model is briefly introduced. The nonlinear response of an axially moving beam is investigated. The effects of a time and spatial dependent tension depending on the external forces at the boundary and a tension dependent speed are highlighted, which gives a new model to study the parametric vibration of axially moving structures. This paper focuses on simultaneous resonant cases that are the principal parametric resonance of first mode and internal resonance of the first two modes. In general, the method of multiple scales can study nonlinear vibration of axially moving structures with homogeneous boundary conditions. Taking Kelvin viscoelastic constitutive relation into account, the inhomogeneous boundary conditions make the solvability conditions fail, which is also one of the highlights of this paper. In order to resolve this problem, the technique of the modified solvability conditions is employed. The influence of some parameters, such as material’s viscoelastic coefficients, viscous damping coefficients, and the axial tension fluctuation amplitudes, on the steady-state vibration responses is demonstrated by some numerical examples. Furthermore, the approximate analytical results are verified by using the differential quadrature method (DQM).
Evaluation of Energy and Power Flow in a Nonlinear Energy Sink Attached to a Linear Primary Oscillator
Authors: Silva Christian E. , Maghareh Amin , Tao Hongcheng , Dyke Shirley J. , Gibert James 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a novel methodology to assess the energy flow between a nonlinear energy sink (NES) and the primary system it is attached to in terms of energy orientation, which is directly related to the sign of the power present on the primary system. To extend the work done in previous studies, which have focused primarily on the analytical treatment, characterization, and performance evaluation of NES as passive nonlinear dampers for structures under different types of excitations, this study incorporates a methodology for determining whether energy is entering or leaving a primary oscillator when interacting with an NES, by means of considering the power flow of the primary oscillator. Several current measures for evaluating the effectiveness of the NES at extracting and dissipating energy irreversibly are considered through numerical simulations of systems with different damping cases of the NES. Each case provides a different dissipation scenario in the combined system, which is subjected to different types of base excitation signals such as impulse and seismic records. The methodology is further validated experimentally using a two degrees-of-freedom system with an NES attached to the second mass. Comparisons of the modeled responses versus the measured responses are provided for several physical damping realization scenarios in the NES.
How to select patients for antireflux surgery? The ICARUS guidelines (international consensus regarding preoperative examinations and clinical characteristics assessment to select adult patients for antireflux surgery)
Authors: Pauwels Ans , Boecxstaens Veerle , Andrews Christopher N , Attwood Stephen E , Berrisford Richard , Bisschops Raf , Boeckxstaens Guy E , Bor Serhat , Bredenoord Albert J , Cicala Michele , Corsetti Maura , Fornari Fernando , Gyawali Chandra Prakash , Hatlebakk Jan , Johnson Scott B , Lerut Toni , Lundell Lars , Mattioli Sandro , Miwa Hiroto , Nafteux Philippe , Omari Taher , Pandolfino John , Penagini Roberto , Rice Thomas W , Roelandt Philip , Rommel Nathalie , Savarino Vincenzo , Sifrim Daniel , Suzuki Hidekazu , Tutuian Radu , Vanuytsel Tim , Vela Marcelo F , Watson David I , Zerbib Frank , Tack Jan 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveAntireflux surgery can be proposed in patients with GORD, especially when proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use leads to incomplete symptom improvement. However, to date, international consensus guidelines on the clinical criteria and additional technical examinations used in patient selection for antireflux surgery are lacking. We aimed at generating key recommendations in the selection of patients for antireflux surgery.DesignWe included 35 international experts (gastroenterologists, surgeons and physiologists) in a Delphi process and developed 37 statements that were revised by the Consensus Group, to start the Delphi process. Three voting rounds followed where each statement was presented with the evidence summary. The panel indicated the degree of agreement for the statement. When 80% of the Consensus Group agreed (A+/A) with a statement, this was defined as consensus. All votes were mutually anonymous.ResultsPatients with heartburn with a satisfactory response to PPIs, patients with a hiatal hernia (HH), patients with oesophagitis Los Angeles (LA) grade B or higher and patients with Barrett’s oesophagus are good candidates for antireflux surgery. An endoscopy prior to antireflux surgery is mandatory and a barium swallow should be performed in patients with suspicion of a HH or short oesophagus. Oesophageal manometry is mandatory to rule out major motility disorders. Finally, oesophageal pH (±impedance) monitoring of PPI is mandatory to select patients for antireflux surgery, if endoscopy is negative for unequivocal reflux oesophagitis.ConclusionWith the ICARUS guidelines, we generated key recommendations for selection of patients for antireflux surgery.
Unemployment and benefit claims by UK veterans in the new millennium: results from a record linkage study
Authors: Burdett Howard , Fear Nicola T , MacManus Deirdre , Wessely Simon , Rona Roberto J , Greenberg Neil 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesIn the first study of its kind in the UK, we linked pensions data on benefit claims with data from the King’s Military Cohort to assess uptake of unemployment and disability benefits in military veterans of the UK Armed Forces.MethodsBenefits data were matched with data on the mental health, demographics and military-related variables for 7942 veterans who had previously served as regulars and transitioned to civilian life between 2003 and 2016. Associations between demographic and service-related factors and benefit claims were assessed using Cox regression to take into account period at risk.ResultsAround 20% of veterans claim unemployment benefits (UB) shortly after leaving, but this proportion drops rapidly to around 2% in the first 2 years post service. Receipt of disability benefits (DB) is less common (1.5%), but longer-term. The most consistent predictors of postservice benefit usage were: low rank (a proxy for socio-economic status while in service) (HR 1.42 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.65) for UB and 1.59 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.27) for DB); leaving service (HR 1.29 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.56) between unplanned leaving and UB, and 7.51 (95% CI 5.31 to 10.6) between medical discharge and DB), and having a history of claiming benefits before joining the Services (HR 1.62 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.95) between preservice and postservice UB, and 2.86 (95% CI 1.09 to 7.47) between preservice and postservice DB).ConclusionsBenefit claims by veterans are largely driven by socioeconomic, rather than military, factors. Additional employment-focused support to Service leavers may be particularly useful to lower-ranked personnel and those leaving in an unplanned way. Continuity of care and medical oversight is a key concern for those with medical discharges.
Severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with ‘exacerbator with emphysema phenotype’ is associated with potential biomarkers
Authors: Hao Wendong , Li Manxiang , Zhang Yunqing , Zhang Cailian , Wang Ping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was designed to investigate the biomarkers levels of fractalkine (FKN), neutrophil elastase (NE) and matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with ‘exacerbator with emphysema phenotype’ and to evaluate the associations between the biomarkers levels and the severity of disease by spirometric measurements.MethodsA total of 84 COPD patients and 49 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. ELISA were utilised to detect the FKN, MMP-12 and NE in serum from all subjects.ResultsFKN (p&lt;0.001), NE (p=0.039) and MMP-12 (p&lt;0.001) in serum of COPD patients showed higher levels than that of healthy control subjects. Serum FKN (p&lt;0.001), MMP-12 (p&lt;0.001) and NE (p=0.043) levels were significantly higher in severe and very severe COPD patients than that in mild and moderate COPD patients. Circulating FKN, MMP-12 and NE expression levels were significantly elevated (p&lt;0.001) in COPD smokers compared with COPD non-smokers. The smoke pack years were negatively correlated with FEV1%pred (r=−0.5036), FEV1/FVC ratio (r=−0.2847) (FEV, forced expiratory volume; FVC, forced vital capacity). Similarly, we observed a strong positive correlation between the smoke pack years and serum levels of FKN (r=0.4971), MMP-12 (r=0.4315) and NE (r=0.2754). FEV1%pred was strongly negatively correlated with cytokine levels of FKN (r=−0.4367), MMP-12 (r=−0.3295) and NE (r=−0.2684). Likewise, FEV1/FVC ratio was negatively correlated with mediators of inflammation levels of FKN (r=−0.3867), MMP-12 (r=−0.2941) and NE (r=−0.2153).ConclusionSerum FKN, MMP-12 and NE concentrations in COPD patients are directly associated with the severity of COPD with ‘exacerbator with emphysema phenotype’. This finding suggests that FKN, MMP-12 and NE might play an important role in the pathophysiology of COPD.
Long-term safety and efficacy of sarilumab plus methotrexate on disease activity, physical function and radiographic progression: 5 years of sarilumab plus methotrexate treatment
Authors: Genovese Mark C , van der Heijde Désirée , Lin Yong , St John Gregory , Wang Sheldon , van Hoogstraten Hubert , Gómez-Reino Juan José , Kivitz Alan , Maldonado-Cocco José Antonio , Seriolo Bruno , Stanislav Marina , Burmester Gerd R 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveIn MOBILITY (NCT01061736), sarilumab significantly reduced disease activity, improved physical function and inhibited radiographic progression at week 52 versus placebo in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to methotrexate. We report 5-year safety, efficacy and radiographic outcomes of sarilumab fromNCT01061736and the open-label extension (EXTEND;NCT01146652), in which patients received sarilumab 200 mg every 2 weeks (q2w) + methotrexate.MethodsPatients (n=1197) with moderately to severely active RA were initially randomised to placebo, sarilumab 150 mg or sarilumab 200 mg subcutaneously q2w plus weekly methotrexate for 52 weeks. Completers were eligible to enrol in the open-label extension and receive sarilumab 200 mg q2w + methotrexate.ResultsOverall, 901 patients entered the open-label extension. The safety profile remained stable over 5-year follow-up and consistent with interleukin-6 receptor blockade. Absolute neutrophil count <1000 cells/mm3was observed but not associated with increased infection rate. Initial treatment with sarilumab 200 mg + methotrexate was associated with reduced radiographic progression over 5 years versus sarilumab 150 mg + methotrexate or placebo + methotrexate (mean±SE change from baseline in van der Heijde-modified Total Sharp Score: 1.46±0.27, 2.35±0.28 and 3.68±0.27, respectively (p<0.001 for each sarilumab dose versus placebo)). Clinical efficacy was sustained through 5 years according to Disease Activity Score (28-joint count) using C reactive protein, Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index. The number of patients achieving CDAI ≤2.8 at 5 years was similar among initial randomisation groups (placebo, 76/398 (19%); sarilumab 150 mg, 68/400 (17%); sarilumab 200 mg, 84/399 (21%)).ConclusionClinical efficacy, including inhibition of radiographic progression, reduction in disease activity and improvement in physical function, was sustained with sarilumab + methotrexate over 5 years. Safety appeared stable over the 5-year period.
THE ROLES OF ACADEMIC INVENTORS IN MEDICAL INNOVATION PROCESSES: EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF IPR OWNERSHIP AND IP NATURE
Authors: BRANTNELL ANDERS , BARALDI ENRICO 
Published: August 2019

This paper analyses four medical innovation processes originating from Stanford and Uppsala universities with the purpose of understanding how intellectual property rights (IPR) ownership and intellectual property (IP) nature influence the behaviour of academic inventors. We analyse this behaviour through the roles enacted and evaluate the requirements the roles pose by developing a method to assess the requirements of individual roles, which we label as role intensity. We find that both IPR ownership and IP nature can influence the academic inventors’ roles and role intensities. In contrast to assumptions in research and policy, we find that IPR ownership does not influence the roles and role intensities in a remarkable way. We also find support that research and policy should distinguish between patentable and non-patentable inventions in the field of medical invention as these two types of IP nature are associated with different roles and role intensities. These findings contribute to the literature on commercialisation of science and innovation management by demonstrating the importance of IP nature in influencing the roles of inventors. Managerial and policy implications are provided.
Perturbations of urea cycle enzymes during posthepatectomy rat liver failure
Authors: Meier Michelle , Knudsen Anders Riegels , Andersen Kasper Jarlhelt , Ludvigsen Maja , Eriksen Peter Lykke , Pedersen Anne Kathrine Nissen , Honoré Bent , Mortensen Frank Viborg 
Published: August 2019

Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) may occur after extended partial hepatectomy (PH). If malignancy is widespread in the liver, the size of PH and hence the size of the future liver remnant (FLR) may limit curability. We aimed to characterize differences in protein expression between different sizes of FLRs and identify proteins specific to the regenerative process of minimal-size FLR (MSFLR), with special focus on postoperative day (POD) 1 when PHLF is present. A total of 104 male Wistar rats were subjected to 30, 70, or 90% PH (MSFLR in rats), sham operation, or no operation. Blood and liver tissue were harvested at POD1, 3, and 5 ( n = 8 per group). Protein expression was assessed by proteomic profiling by unsupervised two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), followed by supervised selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-MS/MS. In all, 1,035 protein spots were detected, 54 of which were significantly differentially expressed between groups and identifiable. During PHLF after PH(90%) at POD1, urea cycle and related proteins showed significant perturbations, including the urea cycle flux-regulating enzyme of carbamoyl phosphate synthase-1, ornithine transcarbamylase, and arginase-1, as well as the ornithine aminotransferase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain. Plasma-ammonia increased significantly at POD1 after PH(90%), followed by a prompt decrease. At the protein level, we found perturbations of urea cycle and related enzymes in the MSFLR during PHLF. Our results suggest that these perturbations may augment urea cycle function, which may be pivotal for increased ammonia elimination after extensive PHs and potential PHLF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is associated with high mortality. In a rat model of 90% hepatectomy, PHLF is present. Our results on liver tissue proteomics suggest that the ability of the liver remnant to sufficiently eliminate ammonia may be brought about by perturbation related to urea cycle proteins and that enhancing the urea cycle capacity may play a key role in surviving PHLF.
Dilated cardiomyopathy mutation (R174W) in troponin T attenuates the length-mediated increase in cross-bridge recruitment and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity
Authors: Reda Sherif M. , Chandra Murali 
Published: August 2019

Alterations in length-dependent activation (LDA) may constitute a mechanism by which cardiomyopathy mutations lead to deleterious phenotypes and compromised heart function, because LDA underlies the molecular basis by which the heart tunes myocardial force production on a beat-to-beat basis (Frank-Starling mechanism). In this study, we investigated the effect of DCM-linked mutation (R173W) in human cardiac troponin T (TnT) on myofilament LDA. R173W mutation is associated with left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction and is found in multiple families. R173W mutation is in the central region (residues 80–180) of TnT, which is known to be important for myofilament cooperativity and cross-bridge (XB) recruitment. Steady-state and dynamic contractile parameters were measured in detergent-skinned guinea pig left ventricular muscle fibers reconstituted with recombinant guinea pig wild-type TnT (TnTWT) or mutant TnT (TnTR174W; guinea pig analog of human R173W mutation) at two different sarcomere lengths (SL): short (1.9 µm) and long (2.3 µm). TnTR174W decreased pCa50 (−log [Ca2+]free required for half-maximal activation) to a greater extent at long than at short SL; for example, pCa50 decreased by 0.12 pCa units at long SL and by 0.06 pCa units at short SL. Differential changes in pCa50 at short and long SL attenuated the SL-dependent increase in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity (ΔpCa50) in TnTR174W fibers; ΔpCa50 was 0.10 units in TnTWT fibers but only 0.04 units in TnTR174W fibers. Furthermore, TnTR174W blunted the SL-dependent increase in the magnitude of XB recruitment. Our observations suggest that the R173W mutation in human cardiac TnT may impair Frank-Starling mechanism. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work characterizes the effect of dilated cardiomyopathy mutation in cardiac troponin T (TnTR174W) on myofilament length-dependent activation. TnTR174W attenuates the length-dependent increase in cross-bridge recruitment and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity.
Association of Epigenetic Clock with Consensus Molecular Subtypes and Overall Survival of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zheng Chunlei , Li Li , Xu Rong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background:
Epigenetic clock, or DNA methylation age, has been shown to highly correlate with chronologic age. Epigenetic age acceleration, the difference between DNA methylation age and individual's chronologic age, was observed in colorectal cancer. However, the association of epigenetic age acceleration with colorectal cancer tumor molecular characteristics, clinical characteristics, and patient outcomes has not been systematically investigated.

Methods:
DNA methylation ages of 345 patients with colorectal cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were computed using the Horvath age prediction model. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the association of epigenetic age acceleration with molecular and clinical features of colorectal cancer, including consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1–CMS4) and tumor stage Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association of epigenetic age acceleration with survival.

Results:
Epigenetic age acceleration is significantly associated with CMS. Compared with CMS2, epigenetic age acceleration for CMS1, CMS3, and CMS4 was 23.90 years [P = 5.55E-11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 17.10–30.69], 9.16 years (P = 5.84E-03; 95% CI: 2.68–15.65), and 6.05 years (P = 2.69E-02; 95% CI: 0.70–11.41), respectively. Furthermore, epigenetic age acceleration is statistically significantly and positively associated with total mortality (HR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.14–3.39; P = 0.014).

Conclusions:
Epigenetic age acceleration is associated with colorectal cancer tumor molecular characteristics, and a significant predictor of overall survival of colorectal cancer, along with age and tumor stage.

Impact:
Combining information of colonic tissue epigenetic age acceleration and tumor molecular characteristics may improve prognosis prediction in colorectal cancer.