bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unrepentant Papists: Catholic Responses to Cromwellian Toleration in Interregnum Scotland
Authors: BURNS RYAN 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Cromwellian regime has long endured a one‐dimensional reputation for anti‐popery. Historians are beginning to challenge this view, pointing to the relative absence of religious persecution during Oliver Cromwell's tenure as Lord Protector. Cromwell massacred Catholic rebels at Wexford and Drogheda in Ireland, but he did not compel Catholics to attend Protestant churches, and does not seem to have hunted priests as vigorously as his predecessors. This article explores the impact of Cromwellian rule on the Catholic community in Scotland, where the military governor George Monck granted Catholics a significant degree of effective toleration. Monck prohibited the Presbyterian church from subjecting Catholics to ecclesiastical discipline, and actively intervened to protect Catholics if kirk sessions and other church courts summoned them anyway. In return, many Catholics ostentatiously professed their loyalty to the commonwealth. Although Monck did not repeal Scotland's penal laws, his intervention demonstrates that the commonwealth's liberty for ‘tender consciences’ trickled down to those formally excluded from it. Cromwellian officials in Scotland would not allow any institution to coerce one's inward beliefs, even if it meant defending known Catholics from a Protestant kirk.
Sovereign wealth funds, productivity and people: The impact of Norwegian Government Pension Fund‐Global investments in the United Kingdom
Authors: Goergen Marc , O'Sullivan Noel , Wood Geoffrey , Baric Marijana 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSovereign wealth funds have an increasing presence in the global financial ecosystem, principally through their investments in equities, which, in turn, may influence HRM. This study examines the influence of the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, the Norwegian Government Pension Fund‐Global (NGPF‐G), on employment in its U.K. investee firms. We find that firms with NGPF‐G investment are significantly less likely to reduce their demand for labour, more specifically in the immediate aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. When a drop in the demand for labour does occur, it is less extreme when compared to similar organisations without a NGPF‐G shareholding, and this is evident even in the case of relatively small NGPF‐G investments. These findings are in line with the fund's objective of promoting corporate sustainability and Norwegian values. We draw out the key implications of our findings for HR practice.
Effect of Passive Drying on Ascorbic Acid, α‐Tocopherol, and β‐Carotene in Tomato and Mango
Authors: Smith Jamey C. , Biasi William V. , Holstege Dirk , Mitcham Elizabeth J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe effect of two passive drying methods on the degradation of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), α‐tocopherol (vitamin E), and β‐carotene (provitamin A) in ripe mango and tomato was determined. Samples of both commodities were dried outdoors in a solar drying cabinet or indoors in sealed plastic boxes containing ceramic zeolite drying beads in a bead‐to‐fruit ratio of 1:10. Nutrient content of the dried samples was compared to fresh samples (undried control) obtained from the same batch of fruit. Mango samples tended to reach an equilibrium weight of approximately 18% of their initial weight after 28 to 30 hr of drying in both drying methods, while tomatoes equilibrated at 5% to 6% of their initial weight after 8 to 10 hr of drying in the solar drying cabinet and after approximately 30 hr using drying beads. The content of all three nutrients in solar dried tomato, and of β‐carotene in mango were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control. α‐Tocopherol and β‐carotene content in tomato and β‐carotene content in mango were significantly lower than the control in samples dried using drying beads. Drying method had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on nutrient content; ascorbic acid and β‐carotene content were lower in solar dried tomato than in tomato dried with drying beads. For mango, β‐carotene content was lower after solar drying as compared to drying with drying beads. Drying fruit at lower temperatures using drying beads resulted in higher overall nutrient content of the dried fruit.Practical ApplicationAgriculturalists in developing countries still depend largely on solar drying methods as a means of extending the shelf life and increasing the value of fruit and vegetable products. Zeolite drying beads are reusable and are capable of drying fruit relatively quickly in a controlled environment, and may reduce the degradation of certain nutrients due to heat during solar drying.
Increase in diagnosis of depressive disorders contributes to the increase in antidepressant use in adolescents
Authors: Skurtveit S. , Bramness J. G. , Hjellvik V. , Hartz I. , Nesvåg R. , Hauge L. J. , Handal M. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo study if the observed increase in use of antidepressants (AD) among adolescents may be explained by higher incidence of depressive disorder diagnosis, increasing treatment of other mental disorders or more liberal prescribing practice.MethodsWe used three different study populations of girls and boys aged 13–17 years in Norway: 1) individuals who were diagnosed with depressive disorders in primary health care, 2) individuals who were diagnosed with depressive disorders in secondary health care; 3) individuals who were dispensed ADs as recorded in the prescription database. Dataset 2) and 3) were linked.ResultsIncidence of depressive disorders increased from 2010 to 2015 both in primary and secondary health care, especially in girls. One in four girls with incident depressive disorders was prescribed ADs and this proportion was stable over time. Among girls treated with ADs the proportion with a diagnosis where AD treatment is indicated increased from 61.1% to 66.0%. Furthermore, the proportion with moderate or severe episodes of major depressive disorders was stable and high, 72.9% in 2014.ConclusionThe only issue studied that could explain increasing AD use in girls was increasing incidence of depressive disorders. Most adolescents with incident diagnosis of depressive disorders were not treated with ADs.
Nasal hyperreactivity in rhinitis: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Van Gerven L. , Steelant B. , Hellings P. W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough nasal hyperreactivity (NHR) is a common feature in patients suffering from allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, it is widely neglected during history taking, underdiagnosed in the majority of patients with rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, not considered as an outcome parameter in clinical trials on novel treatments for rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, and no target for routine treatment. In contrast to the simple nature of diagnosing NHR by a history of nasal symptoms induced by nonspecific exogenous and/or endogenous triggers, quantification is hardly performed in routine clinic given the lack of a simple tool for its diagnosis. So far, limited efforts have been invested into gaining better insight in the underlying pathophysiology of NHR, helping us to explain why some patients with inflammation develop NHR and others not. Of note, environmental and microbial factors have been reported to influence NHR, contributing to the complex nature of understanding the development of NHR. As a consequence of the neglect of NHR as a key clinical feature of rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), patients with NHR might be suboptimally controlled and/or dissatisfied with current treatment. We here aim to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the pathophysiology, and the available tools to diagnose and treat NHR.
Editorial: use of beta‐blockers and band ligation in preventing first and recurrent variceal bleeding—“real life” vs evidence‐based decisions. Authors’ reply
Authors: Pfisterer N. , Mandorfer M. , Reiberger T. 
Published: April 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Pfisterer et al and Bosch and Berzigotti papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14485 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14546.
Prevalence and risk factors for medical events following exercise at Australian Greyhound race meetings
Authors: Karamatic SL , Anderson GA , Parry BW , Slocombe RF , Mansfield CS 
Published: April 2018

AimA prospective, observational study to determine the prevalence of post‐exercise conditions at Australian Greyhound race meetings and to assess association with race performance and other environmental, race‐ and dog‐related factors was undertaken.MethodsA total of 4020 starters were observed (2813 Greyhounds, 1009 trainers, 536 races, 52 race meets, 48 race dates and 11 race tracks) following a race. The presence of diaphragmatic flutter (DF), ataxia, seizure, collapse or sudden death was recorded. Risk factors were screened by univariable logistic regression prior to multivariable backward stepwise model building.ResultsIn this study, 962 starters (n = 768 dogs) had DF (23.9%), 16 starters were ataxic (0.4%) and there were no observed cases of collapse, seizure or sudden death. Race track location, increasing race distance, race grade based on increasing 1st place prize value, lower (earlier) race number at the meeting, age, a previous observation of DF at the last start, females, colour (white) and better finishing position were all associated with an increased risk of a Greyhound being observed with DF. However, when logistic regression assessing the random effect of dog was performed, the presence of previous DF was not significant. In this cohort, DF was common following strenuous exercise in Greyhounds and on its own does not appear to result in reduced performance or distress to the animal.ConclusionThe incidence of ataxia was low and collapse, seizure and sudden death were not observed. However, even though uncommon, ataxia has welfare concerns for racing Greyhounds that warrants further investigation.
Observations on Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers
Authors: EL-SHARABASY M. M. H. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBiochemical studies were performed on 22 adult patients with idiopathic recurrent calcium oxalate renal stone disease and 23 healthy controls. It was found that urinary glutamic‐oxaloacetic acid transaminase (UGOT) and urinary glutamic‐pyruvic acid transaminase (UGPT) activity was low and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and γ‐glutamyl transferase (γ‐GT) activity was high in the urine of calcium oxalate stone formers. No significant changes were observed in the activity of glutamic‐oxaloacetic acid transaminase, glutamic‐pyruvic acid transaminase and γ‐GT in their blood but a significant reduction was found in both LDH and alkaline phosphatase activity.It was concluded that the activity of UGOT and UGPT is reduced in patients with kidney stones.
Association of advanced glycation end products with peri‐implant inflammation in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Alrabiah Mohammed , Al‐Aali Khulud Abdulrahman , Al‐Sowygh Zeyad H. , Binmahfooz Abdulelah M. , Mokeem Sameer A , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt is postulated that peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are higher with high glycemic levels.PurposeIn the present clinico‐biochemical study, we explored the clinical and radiographic peri‐implant parameters and levels of AGEs among prediabetic, type 2 diabetic (T2DM), and non‐diabetic patients and to evaluate the correlation of AGEs with clinical peri‐implant parameters.Materials and MethodsNinety patients were divided into three groups of 30 patients each; group 1: patients with prediabetes; group 2: patients with T2DM; and group 3: non‐diabetic individuals. Clinical and radiographic peri‐implant parameters assessed included plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and marginal bone loss (MBL). PISF was collected and analyzed for AGEs levels using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Between‐group comparison of means was verified with Kruskal‐Wallis test and Pearson correlation coefficient for correlations of AGE levels with peri‐implant parameters.ResultsMean peri‐implant PI, BOP, PD, and MBL was significantly higher in group 1 and 2 as compared with non‐diabetic patients (P < .05). Mean PI, BOP, PD, and MBL were comparable between group 1 and group 2 patients (P > .05). Mean levels of AGEs in PISF were significantly higher among prediabetic and T2DM patients as compared with non‐diabetic patients (P < .05). Between group 1 and group 2, mean levels of AGEs was significantly higher in group 2 (P < .05). A significant positive correlations were found between levels of AGEs and PD (P = .0371) and MBL (P = .0117) in T2DM patients, respectively.ConclusionClinical and radiographic peri‐implant parameters were worse and levels of AGEs in PISF were increased in individuals with prediabetes and T2DM. AGEs may play an important role in peri‐implant inflammation in prediabetes and T2DM.
Infants' visual sustained attention is higher during joint play than solo play: is this due to increased endogenous attention control or exogenous stimulus capture?
Authors: Wass Sam V , Clackson Kaili , Georgieva Stanimira D , Brightman Laura , Nutbrown Rebecca , Leong Victoria 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPrevious research has suggested that when a social partner, such as a parent, pays attention to an object, this increases the attention that infants pay to that object during spontaneous, naturalistic play. There are two contrasting reasons why this might be: first, social context may influence increases in infants' endogenous (voluntary) attention control; second, social settings may offer increased opportunities for exogenous attentional capture. To differentiate these possibilities, we compared 12‐month‐old infants' naturalistic attention patterns in two settings: Solo Play and Joint Play with a social partner (the parent). Consistent with previous research, we found that infants' look durations toward play objects were longer during Joint Play, and that moments of inattentiveness were fewer, and shorter. Follow‐up analyses, conducted to differentiate the two above‐proposed hypotheses, were more consistent with the latter hypothesis. We found that infants' rate of change of attentiveness was faster during Joint Play than Solo Play, suggesting that internal attention factors, such as attentional inertia, may influence looking behaviour less during Joint Play. We also found that adults' attention forwards‐predicted infants' subsequent attention more than vice versa, suggesting that adults' behaviour may drive infants' behaviour. Finally, we found that mutual gaze did not directly facilitate infant attentiveness. Overall, our results suggest that infants spend more time attending to objects during Joint Play than Solo Play, but that these differences are more likely attributable to increased exogenous attentional scaffolding from the parent during social play, rather than to increased endogenous attention control from the infant.
Shaping the future of dental education: Caries as a case‐study
Authors: Pitts N. B. , Mazevet M. E. , Mayne C. ,   the Shaping the Future of Dental Education Cariology Group
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study reports on the full‐day workshop “The Shape of The Future of Dental Education for Dental Caries—and how we get there” held immediately prior to the May 2017 ADEE/ADEA/King's College London meeting “Shaping the Future of Dental Education.” A standardised, evidence‐led Core Curriculum in Cariology (CCC) was developed jointly and systematically by ORCA and ADEE, starting in 2010. At the same time, the ICDAS Foundation was developing a comprehensive caries management system, ICCMS™. The workshop reported on what has been achieved on a global basis by many building on these initiatives. The CCC has been, or is currently being, localised in a number of places around the world and has, in some countries, been successfully implemented. There are also other areas which are struggling more with the logistics of introducing it. The workshop presented geographical perspectives and experiences on implementing the CCC from Colombia, the United States and Europe, as well as professional perspectives from hygienists, students and policymakers. The workshop then considered the future of the CCC and the roles of Interprofessional Education, Technology, Global Networking and Assessment in a Global Context in 4 breakout groups. Having had reports back and plenary discussion, it was concluded that the caries world has made good progress towards a “futuristic” curriculum with parallel development of a comprehensive, preventive and tooth‐preserving caries management system—ICCMS™. The implementation challenge is now to share even more effectively in order to have these developments more widely accepted and adopted worldwide.
Influence of solidification defects on the fatigue behaviour of heavy‐section silicon solution–strengthened ferritic ductile cast irons
Authors: Borsato T. , Berto F. , Ferro P. , Carollo C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMechanical and fatigue properties of heavy section solution–strengthened ferritic ductile iron (SSF‐DI) castings have been examined in this contribution. Amounts of silicon varying from 3.2 to 3.55 wt% have been used. The effect of antimony on counteracting the formation of chunky graphite has been evaluated. In order to estimate the influence of solidification defects (microshrinkage porosities or degenerated graphite particles) on the fatigue strength of the investigated materials, scanning electron microscope observations of the fracture surfaces and extreme value analysis of the crack initiating defect dimension, √area, have been performed. The propagation of the fatigue crack through the material has been observed by means of microstructural analysis of the cross sections of the fracture surfaces. It has been found that the treatment with Sb is useful to avoid the formation of degenerated graphite particles. Moreover, it has been observed that the most of the fatigue life is spent in the crack initiation stage, where the microshrinkage porosities play a major role. The presence of chunky graphite affects mostly the propagation stage. Finally, mechanical and fatigue properties of SSF‐DI have been compared with those obtained from traditional ductile cast iron specimens taken from the same casting geometry.
EBSD‐assisted fractography of sub‐surface fatigue crack initiation mechanism in the ultrasonic‐shot‐peened βeta‐type titanium alloy
Authors: Uematsu Y. , Kakiuchi T. , Hattori K. 
Published: April 2018

Abstractβ‐type titanium alloy was surface treated by an ultrasonic shot peening (USP) process. Rotating bending fatigue tests were conducted to investigate the effect of USP on the fatigue properties. Fatigue strengths were improved by USP in the finite life region (105‐107 cycles) owing to the high hardness and compressive residual stress in the surface layer. However, the fatigue strengths of the as‐received and USPed specimens were nearly comparable in very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime around 108 cycles. The similar fatigue strengths in both specimens in VHCF regime were attributed to the sub‐surface crack initiation in the USPed specimen. The crack initiation site near the center of fisheye was flat, and inclusions were not observed. Phase analyses by EBSD showed that the microstructure of the as‐received material consisted of α‐phase rich and α‐phase poor β grains. Sub‐surface crack initiated at the α‐phase rich β grain, and consequently the sub‐surface crack initiation without inclusions was attributed to the inhomogeneity of microstructure.
Differential effects of warming and nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration and microbial dynamics in switchgrass croplands
Authors: Li Jianwei , Jian Siyang , de Koff Jason P. , Lane Chad S. , Wang Gangsheng , Mayes Melanie A. , Hui Dafeng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe mechanistic understanding of warming and nitrogen (N) fertilization, alone or in combination, on microbially mediated decomposition is limited. In this study, soil samples were collected from previously harvested switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) plots that had been treated with high N fertilizer (HN: 67 kg N ha−1) and those that had received no N fertilizer (NN) over a 3‐year period. The samples were incubated for 180 days at 15 °C and 20 °C, during which heterotrophic respiration, δ13C of CO2, microbial biomass (MB), specific soil respiration rate (Rs: respiration per unit of microbial biomass), and exoenzyme activities were quantified at 10 different collections time. Employing switchgrass tissues (referred to as litter) with naturally abundant 13C allowed us to partition CO2 respiration derived from soil and amended litter. Cumulative soil respiration increased significantly by 16.4% and 4.2% under warming and N fertilization, respectively. Respiration derived from soil was elevated significantly with warming, while oxidase, the agent for recalcitrant soil substrate decomposition, was not significantly affected by warming. Warming, however, significantly enhanced MB and Rs indicating a decrease in microbial growth efficiency (MGE). On the contrary, respiration derived from amended litter was elevated with N fertilization, which was consistent with the significantly elevated hydrolase. N fertilization, however, had little effect on MB and Rs, suggesting little change in microbial physiology. Temperature and N fertilization showed minimal interactive effects likely due to little differences in soil N availability between NN and HN samples, which is partly attributable to switchgrass biomass N accumulation (equivalent to ~53% of fertilizer N). Overall, the differential individual effects of warming and N fertilization may be driven by physiological adaptation and stimulated exoenzyme kinetics, respectively. The study shed insights on distinct microbial acquisition of different substrates under global temperature increase and N enrichment.
Estimation and Testing in M‐quantile Regression with Applications to Small Area Estimation
Authors: Bianchi Annamaria , Fabrizi Enrico , Salvati Nicola , Tzavidis Nikos 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn recent years, M‐quantile regression has been applied to small area estimation to obtain reliable and outlier robust estimators without recourse to strong parametric assumptions. In this paper, after a review of M‐quantile regression and its application to small area estimation, we cover several topics related to model specification and selection for M‐quantile regression that received little attention so far. Specifically, a pseudo‐R2 goodness‐of‐fit measure is proposed, along with likelihood ratio and Wald type tests for model specification. A test to assess the presence of actual area heterogeneity in the data is also proposed. Finally, we introduce a new estimator of the scale of the regression residuals, motivated by a representation of the M‐quantile regression estimation as a regression model with Generalised Asymmetric Least Informative distributed error terms. The Generalised Asymmetric Least Informative distribution, introduced in this paper, generalises the asymmetric Laplace distribution often associated to quantile regression. As the testing procedures discussed in the paper are motivated asymptotically, their finite sample properties are empirically assessed in Monte Carlo simulations. Although the proposed methods apply generally to M‐quantile regression, in this paper, their use ar illustrated by means of an application to Small Area Estimation using a well known real dataset.