bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poleward Shift of the Pacific North Equatorial Current Bifurcation
Authors: Guo Haihong , Chen Zhaohui , Yang Haiyuan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe dynamics of the poleward shift of the Pacific North Equatorial Current bifurcation latitude (NBL) is studied using a 5.5‐layer reduced gravity model. It is found that the poleward shift of the NBL is associated with the asymmetric intensity of the wind stress curl input to the Pacific tropical and subtropical gyres. Stronger wind stress curl in the subtropical gyre leads to equatorward transport in the interior upper ocean across the boundary between the two gyres, causing a poleward transport compensation at the western boundary. In the lower layer ocean, in turn, there is poleward (equatorward) transport at the interior (western boundary) due to Sverdrup balance which requires zero transport at the gyre boundary where zonally integrated wind stress curl is zero. Therefore, the NBL exhibits a titling feature, with its position being more equatorward in the upper layer and more poleward in the lower layer. The equatorial currents bifurcations in other basins are also characterized by the poleward titling vertical structure. The wind stress curl over the subtropical gyre is generally stronger than that over the tropical gyre, resulting in the bifurcations shifting poleward with increasing depth.
Multiconstituent Data Assimilation With WRF‐Chem/DART: Potential for Adjusting Anthropogenic Emissions and Improving Air Quality Forecasts Over Eastern China
Authors: Ma Chaoqun , Wang Tijian , Mizzi Arthur P. , Anderson Jeffrey L. , Zhuang Bingliang , Xie Min , Wu Rongsheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe use the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with the chemistry/Data Assimilation Research Testbed (WRF‐Chem/DART) chemical weather forecasting/data assimilation system with multiconstituent data assimilation to investigate the improvement of air quality forecasts over eastern China. We assimilate surface in situ observations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10), and satellite aerosol optical depth to adjust the related anthropogenic emissions as well as the chemical initial conditions. We validate our forecast results out to 72 hr by comparison with the in situ observations. Results show that updated emissions improve the model performance between 10% and 65% root mean square error reduction for the assimilated species except particulate matter with a diameter between 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5‐10), which is slightly improved due to the limited anthropogenic contribution to it. In a sensitivity experiment with a different update interval, the CO improvement is found to be sensitive to the cycling time used to update the CO emissions. In another sensitivity experiment when NO2 observations are not assimilated and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission are adjusted by only O3, NO2 forecasts show similar root mean square error improvement but have lower spatial correlation, indicating the value and limitation of the O3‐NOx cross‐variable relationship.
Spatiotemporal Variation in Presummer Precipitation Over South China From 1979 to 2015 and Its Relationship With Urbanization
Authors: Su Lin , Li Junlu , Shi Xiaoming , Fung Jimmy C. H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe variation in presummer precipitation in South China from 1979 to 2015 and its relationship with urbanization were analyzed. The results reveal that the intensity of precipitation and the occurrence of extreme precipitation events during the presummer season in South China have increased significantly, and the upward trend is much more significant in urban areas than in nonurban areas. The mean trends in urban and nonurban areas in South China are, respectively, 1.34 and 0.97 mm/day/year for maximum daily precipitation, 4.41 and 2.79 mm/year for the top 5% of daily precipitation, and 0.26 and 0.16 day/year for extremely heavy precipitation days during the presummer season. In addition to the variability of large‐scale atmospheric circulation, urbanization appears to have a significant effect on the variability of presummer precipitation in South China, especially with regard to the intensity of precipitation and the occurrence of extremely heavy precipitation. From 1979 to 2015, the upward trends of maximum daily precipitation, the top 5% of daily precipitation, and extremely heavy precipitation days during presummer season in urban areas are, respectively, between 38.14% and 39.18%, 55.97% and 59.14%, and 43.75% and 68.75% higher than those in nonurban areas during the investigated period. Urban areas in South China are more exposed to extreme precipitation than nonurban areas during the presummer season.
The Tyranny of Small Scales—On Representing Soil Processes in Global Land Surface Models
Authors: Or Dani 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe representation of small‐scale soil and hydrological processes has been a challenge and a subject of debate since the pioneering work of Richardson and the dawn of numerical weather prediction. The recent leap to global scales with long‐term and large data offers new opportunities that place the long‐standing challenge of small‐scale representation in a more positive perspective. Global representation of soil processes requires evaluation of the origins of the information used for global models and the parameterization via the so‐called pedotransfer functions. Parameters and processes benefit from application of physical constraints while replacing empirical approximations with small‐scale physics adapted for large‐scale processes. We provide an overview of the present state and opportunities for hydrology and soil communities in contemporary well‐connected, observable, global, and big‐data realities.
Inkjet-printed stretchable and low voltage synaptic transistor array
Authors: Molina-Lopez F. , Gao T. Z. , Kraft U. , Zhu C. , Öhlund T. , Pfattner R. , Feig V. R. , Kim Y. , Wang S. , Yun Y. , Bao Z. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWearable and skin electronics benefit from mechanically soft and stretchable materials to conform to curved and dynamic surfaces, thereby enabling seamless integration with the human body. However, such materials are challenging to process using traditional microelectronics techniques. Here, stretchable transistor arrays are patterned exclusively from solution by inkjet printing of polymers and carbon nanotubes. The additive, non-contact and maskless nature of inkjet printing provides a simple, inexpensive and scalable route for stacking and patterning these chemically-sensitive materials over large areas. The transistors, which are stable at ambient conditions, display mobilities as high as 30 cm2 V−1 s−1 and currents per channel width of 0.2 mA cm−1 at operation voltages as low as 1 V, owing to the ionic character of their printed gate dielectric. Furthermore, these transistors with double-layer capacitive dielectric can mimic the synaptic behavior of neurons, making them interesting for conformal brain-machine interfaces and other wearable bioelectronics.
Fcmr regulates mononuclear phagocyte control of anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Kubli Shawn P. , Vornholz Larsen , Duncan Gordon , Zhou Wenjing , Ramachandran Parameswaran , Fortin Jerome , Cox Maureen , Han SeongJun , Nechanitzky Robert , Nechanitzky Duygu , Snow Bryan E. , Jones Lisa , Li Wanda Y. , Haight Jillian , Wakeham Andrew , Bray Mark R. , Mak Tak W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMyeloid cells contribute to tumor progression, but how the constellation of receptors they express regulates their functions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is unclear. We demonstrate that Fcmr (Toso), the putative receptor for soluble IgM, modulates myeloid cell responses to cancer. In a syngeneic melanoma model, Fcmr ablation in myeloid cells suppressed tumor growth and extended mouse survival. Fcmr deficiency increased myeloid cell population density in this malignancy and enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Single-cell RNA sequencing of Fcmr-deficient tumor-associated mononuclear phagocytes revealed a unique subset with enhanced antigen processing/presenting properties. Conversely, Fcmr activity negatively regulated the activation and migratory capacity of myeloid cells in vivo, and T cell activation by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro. Therapeutic targeting of Fcmr during oncogenesis decreased tumor growth when used as a single agent or in combination with anti-PD-1. Thus, Fcmr regulates myeloid cell activation within the TME and may be a potential therapeutic target.
Graphene oxide enabled long-term enzymatic transesterification in an anhydrous gas flux
Authors: Xu Weina , Fu Zhongwang , Chen Gong , Wang Zheyu , Jian Yupei , Zhang Yifei , Jiang Guoqiang , Lu Diannan , Wu Jianzhong , Liu Zheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGas-phase enzymatic catalysis has been long pursued but not yet utilized in industrial processes due to many limitations. Herein, we report a hydroxyl-rich graphene oxide (GO) aerogel that can preserve the enzymatic activity and stability in an anhydrous gas flow by providing a water-like microenvironment. Lipase immobilized in the GO aerogel exhibits a 5 to 10-fold increase in apparent activity than the lyophilized lipase powder in transesterification of geraniol and vinyl acetate in the gas phase and maintains the initial activity for more than 500 h. The solid-state circular dichroism measurement confirms that the lipase keeps its native conformation in the aerogel, and the thermogravimetric analysis shows that water molecules essential for the lipase activity can be replaced by the hydroxyl groups at the GO surface. The versatility of this method is demonstrated for two other lipases with different structures, promising unprecedented applications of enzyme-GO aerogels to gas-phase enzymatic catalysis.
Critical points of the three-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model from on-site atom number fluctuations
Authors: Prośniak Oskar A. , Łącki Mateusz , Damski Bogdan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe discuss how positions of critical points of the three-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model can be accurately obtained from variance of the on-site atom number operator, which can be experimentally measured. The idea that we explore is that the derivative of the variance, with respect to the parameter driving the transition, has a pronounced maximum close to critical points. We show that Quantum Monte Carlo studies of this maximum lead to precise determination of critical points for the superfluid-Mott insulator transition in systems with mean number of atoms per lattice site equal to one, two, and three. We also extract from such data the correlation-length critical exponent through the finite-size scaling analysis and discuss how the derivative of the variance can be reliably computed from numerical data for the variance. The same conclusions apply to the derivative of the nearest-neighbor correlation function, which can be obtained from routinely measured time-of-flight images.
Optical characteristics of refractive-index-matching diffusion layer in organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Park Cheol Hwee , Kim Jae Geun , Jung Sun-Gyu , Lee Dong Jun , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong-Kwon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe developed a diffusion layer with a refractive index-matching layer added to a transparent nanoscale polymer-based structure to obtain its effective scattering effects. The diffusion layer had higher haze when the refractive index-matching layer to a higher refractive index was used. This diffusion layer was applied to conventional organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and micro-cavity OLEDs (MC-OLEDs) to evaluate the characteristics. When a diffusion layer was applied to conventional OLEDs, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) was 31.1% higher than that of the device without a diffusion layer due to the reduction of the substrate mode, and the viewing angle characteristic was also improved. Then, when the diffusion layer was applied to the MC-OLEDs, all devices showed similar EQE values regardless of the presence or absence of the diffusion layer, and the viewing-angle-dependent characteristics were greatly improved by the diffusion layer. Furthermore, when the diffusion layer was used with polarizer film, the black color implementation was not affected by the polarizer film, proving that it is applicable to actual OLED display products.
Expression of Arabidopsis WEE1 in tobacco induces unexpected morphological and developmental changes
Authors: Siciliano Ilario , Lentz Grønlund Anne , Ševčíková Hana , Spadafora Natasha D. , Rafiei Golnaz , Francis Dennis , Herbert Robert J. , Bitonti M. Beatrice , Rogers Hilary J. , Lipavská Helena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWEE1 regulates the cell cycle by inactivating cyclin dependent protein kinases (CDKs) via phosphorylation. In yeast and animal cells, CDC25 phosphatase dephosphorylates the CDK releasing cells into mitosis, but in plants, its role is less clear. Expression of fission yeast CDC25 (Spcdc25) in tobacco results in small cell size, premature flowering and increased shoot morphogenetic capacity in culture. WhenArath;WEE1is over-expressed in Arabidopsis, root apical meristem cell size increases, and morphogenetic capacity of cultured hypocotyls is reduced. However expression ofArath;WEE1in tobacco plants resulted in precocious flowering and increased shoot morphogenesis of stem explants, and in BY2 cultures cell size was reduced. This phenotype is similar to expression ofSpcdc25and is consistent with a dominant negative effect on WEE1 action. Consistent with this putative mechanism, WEE1 protein levels fell and CDKB levels rose prematurely, coinciding with early mitosis. The phenotype is not due to sense-mediated silencing of WEE1, as overall levels of WEE1 transcript were not reduced in BY2 lines expressingArath;WEE1. However the pattern of native WEE1 transcript accumulation through the cell cycle was altered byArath;WEE1expression, suggesting feedback inhibition of native WEE1 transcription.
Study of photoluminescence property on cellulosic fabric using multifunctional biomaterials riboflavin and its derivative Flavin mononucleotide
Authors: Iyer Sweta Narayanan , Behary Nemeshwaree , Nierstrasz Vincent , Guan Jinping , Chen Guoqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFlavins are ubiquitous in nature and participate in various biochemical reactions mainly in the form of coenzyme Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) or as precursor such as Riboflavin (RF). Both flavins, RF and FMN are multifunctional bio-based molecules yielding yellow coloration and exhibit photoluminescence, UV protection, and redox properties. The aim of the present research study was to investigate the diffusion method as a technique to obtain photoluminescent cellulosic fabric using multifunctional RF and FMN. The photoluminescent moiety RF and FMN exhibited three maximum absorbance peaks at about 270 nm, 370 nm and 446 nm in aqueous solution at pH 7. The solutions of RF and FMN with concentration 4% and 20% (owf) at pH 7 were prepared and used in diffusion method for cellulosic fabric dyeing. The study involved the determination of color performance and evaluation of luminescence property of the dyed fabric using UV-visible spectrophotometer and photoluminescence spectroscopy, respectively. Under monochromatic UV lamp exposure emitting at 370 nm, the dyed fabric showed an intense emission of greenish yellow color, which was later confirmed by the intense photoluminescence observed at a wavelength of about 570 nm. The study demonstrates the theoretical evaluation of quantum efficiency (φ) obtaining maximum φ value of 0.28. Higher color strength value and improved wash fastness were obtained by treatment with different biobased mordants such as tannic acid and citric acid as well as calcium chloride for both RF and FMN. Additionally, ultraviolet (UV) protection ability for both RF and FMN dyed fabric were determined and showed UPF factor of 50+ and 35 respectively. The work allowed us to explore the photoluminescence property of riboflavin and Flavin mononucleotide for its application in the field of textiles as a new scope of producing photoluminescent textile along with multifunctional properties such as coloration and UV protection.
LC/MS analysis and deep sequencing reveal the accurate RNA composition in the HIV-1 virion
Authors: Šimonová Anna , Svojanovská Barbora , Trylčová Jana , Hubálek Martin , Moravčík Ondřej , Zavřel Martin , Pávová Marcela , Hodek Jan , Weber Jan , Cvačka Josef , Pačes Jan , Cahová Hana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe mechanism of action of various viruses has been the primary focus of many studies. Yet, the data on RNA modifications in any type of virus are scarce. Methods for the sensitive analysis of RNA modifications have been developed only recently and they have not been applied to viruses. In particular, the RNA composition of HIV-1 virions has never been determined with sufficiently exact methods. Here, we reveal that the RNA of HIV-1 virions contains surprisingly high amount of the 1-methyladenosine. We are the first to use a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (LC/MS) of virion RNA, which we combined with m1A profiling and deep sequencing. We found that m1A was present in the tRNA, but not in the genomic HIV-1 RNA and the abundant 7SL RNA. We were able to calculate that an HIV-1 virion contains per 2 copies of genomic RNA and 14 copies of 7SL RNA also 770 copies of tRNA, which is approximately 10 times more than thus far expected. These new insights into the composition of the HIV-1 virion can help in future studies to identify the role of nonprimer tRNAs in retroviruses. Moreover, we present a promising new tool for studying the compositions of virions.
Neutralization of Acidic Intracellular Vesicles by Niclosamide Inhibits Multiple Steps of the Dengue Virus Life Cycle In Vitro
Authors: Jung Eunhye , Nam Sangwoo , Oh Hyeryeon , Jun Sangmi , Ro Hyun-Joo , Kim Baek , Kim Meehyein , Go Yun Young 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDengue fever is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral infections in large parts of tropical and subtropical countries and is a significant public health concern and socioeconomic burden. There is an urgent need to develop antivirals that can effectively reduce dengue virus (DENV) replication and decrease viral load. Niclosamide, an antiparasitic drug approved for human use, has been recently identified as an effective antiviral agent against a number of pH-dependent viruses, including flaviviruses. Here, we reveal that neutralization of low-pH intracellular compartments by niclosamide affects multiple steps of the DENV infectious cycle. Specifically, niclosamide-induced endosomal neutralization not only prevents viral RNA replication but also affects the maturation of DENV particles, rendering them non-infectious. We found that niclosamide-induced endosomal neutralization prevented E glycoprotein conformational changes on the virion surface of flaviviruses, resulting in the release of non-infectious immature virus particles with uncleaved pr peptide from host cells. Collectively, our findings support the potential application of niclosamide as an antiviral agent against flavivirus infection and highlight a previously uncharacterized mechanism of action of the drug.
Iron (II/III) perchlorate electrolytes for electrochemically harvesting low-grade thermal energy
Authors: Kim Ju Hyeon , Lee Ju Hwan , Palem Ramasubba Reddy , Suh Min-Soo , Lee Hong H. , Kang Tae June 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRemarkable advances have recently been made in the thermocell array with series or parallel interconnection, however, the output power from the thermocell array is mainly limited by the electrolyte performance of an n-type element. In this work, we investigate iron (II/III) perchlorate electrolytes as a new n-type electrolyte and compared with the ferric/ferrous cyanide electrolyte at its introduction with platinum as the electrodes, which has been the benchmark for thermocells. In comparison, the perchlorate electrolyte (Fe2+/Fe3+) exhibits a high temperature coefficient of redox potential of +1.76 mV/K, which is complementary to the cyanide electrolyte (Fe(CN)63−/Fe(CN)64−) with the temperature coefficient of −1.42 mV/K. The power factor and figure of merit for the electrolyte are higher by 28% and 40%, respectively, than those for the cyanide electrolyte. In terms of device performance, the thermocell using the perchlorate electrolyte provides a power density of 687 mW/m2 that is 45% higher compared to the same device but with the cyanide electrolyte for a small temperature difference of 20 °C. The advent of this high performance n-type electrolyte could open up new ways to achieve substantial advances in p-n thermocells as in p-n thermoelectrics, which has steered the way to the possibility of practical use of thermoelectrics.
Structural, functional, and stability change predictions in human telomerase upon specific point mutations
Authors: Kalathiya U. , Padariya M. , Baginski M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOverexpression of telomerase is one of the hallmarks of human cancer. Telomerase is important for maintaining the integrity of the ends of chromosomes, which are called telomeres. A growing number of human disease syndromes are associated with organ failure caused by mutations in telomerase (hTERT or hTR). Mutations in telomerase lead to telomere shortening by decreasing the stability of the telomerase complex, reducing its accumulation, or directly affecting its enzymatic activity. In this work, potential human telomerase mutations were identified by a systematic computational approach. Moreover, molecular docking methods were used to predict the effects of these mutations on the affinity of certain ligands (C_9i, C_9k, 16A, and NSC749234). The C_9k inhibitor had the best binding affinity for wild-type (WT) telomerase. Moreover, C_9i and C_9k had improved interactions with human telomerase in most of the mutant models. The R631 and Y717 residues of WT telomerase formed interactions with all studied ligands and these interactions were also commonly found in most of the mutant models. Residues forming stable interactions with ligands in molecular dynamics (MD) were traced, and the MD simulations showed that the C_9k ligand formed different conformations with WT telomerase than the C_9i ligand.
Optimization of tube voltage in X-ray dark-field chest radiography
Authors: Sauter Andreas P. , Andrejewski Jana , De Marco Fabio , Willer Konstantin , Gromann Lukas B. , Noichl Wolfgang , Kriner Fabian , Fischer Florian , Braun Christian , Koehler Thomas , Meurer Felix , Fingerle Alexander A. , Pfeiffer Daniela , Rummeny Ernst , Herzen Julia , Pfeiffer Franz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGrating-based X-ray dark-field imaging is a novel imaging modality which has been refined during the last decade. It exploits the wave-like behaviour of X-radiation and can nowadays be implemented with existing X-ray tubes used in clinical applications. The method is based on the detection of small-angle X-ray scattering, which occurs e.g. at air-tissue-interfaces in the lung or bone-fat interfaces in spongy bone. In contrast to attenuation-based chest X-ray imaging, the optimal tube voltage for dark-field imaging of the thorax has not yet been examined. In this work, dark-field scans with tube voltages ranging from 60 to 120 kVp were performed on a deceased human body. We analyzed the resulting images with respect to subjective and objective image quality, and found that the optimum tube voltage for dark-field thorax imaging at the used setup is at rather low energies of around 60 to 70 kVp. Furthermore, we found that at these tube voltages, the transmission radiographs still exhibit sufficient image quality to correlate dark-field information. Therefore, this study may serve as an important guideline for the development of clinical dark-field chest X-ray imaging devices for future routine use.