bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet‐induced insulin resistance elevates hippocampal glutamate as well asVGLUT1 andGFAPexpression in AβPP/PS1 mice
Authors: Hascup Erin R. , Broderick Sarah O. , Russell Mary K. , Fang Yimin , Bartke Andrzej , Boger Heather A. , Hascup Kevin N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe symptomologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) develop over decades suggesting modifiable lifestyle factors may contribute to disease pathogenesis. In humans, hyperinsulinemia associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk for developingADand both diseases share similar age‐related etiologies including amyloidogenesis. Since we have demonstrated that soluble Aβ42elicits glutamate release, we wanted to understand how diet‐induced insulin resistance alters hippocampal glutamate dynamics, which are important for memory formation and consolidation. Eight to twelve‐week‐old C57BL/6J and AβPP/PS1 mice were placed on either a low‐fat diet or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 8 months. AHFDled to significant weight increases as well as impaired insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and learning in both C57BL/6J and AβPP/PS1 mice. AβPP/PS1 low‐fat diet mice had elevated hippocampal basal as well as stimulus‐evoked glutamate release that was further increased with consumption of aHFD. Immunohistochemistry indicated an increase in vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein density in hippocampal subregions corresponding with this elevated extracellular glutamate. While no differences in hippocampal plaque load were observed, the elevated astrogliotic response surrounding the plaques in AβPP/PS1HFDmice may have been a compensatory mechanism to control plaque accumulation. These data support that AβPP/PS1 mice have chronically elevated extracellular glutamate that is exacerbated by aHFDand that modifiable lifestyle factors such as obesity‐induced insulin resistance can contribute toADpathogenesis.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* and for *Open Data* because it made the data publicly available. The data can be accessed athttps://osf.io/5whvu(figures for data) andhttps://osf.io/gd5vf(materials and methods). The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found athttps://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.imageCover Image for this issue: doi:10.1111/jnc.14490.
Pre‐operative parafunctional or dysfunctional oral habits are associated with the temporomandibular disorders after orthognathic surgery: An observational cohort study
Authors: Bruguiere Fanny , Sciote James J. , Roland‐Billecart Thomas , Raoul Gwénaël , Machuron François , Ferri Joël , Nicot Romain 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are frequent and disabling, and hence, preventing them is an important health issue. Combining orthodontic and surgical treatments for malocclusions has been shown to affect temporomandibular joint (TMJ) health. However, publications regarding the risk factors that predict negative TMJ outcomes after orthognathic surgery are scarce.ObjectivePresent prospective cohort study was conducted to identify an association between pre‐operative dysfunctional/parafunctional oral habits and the presence of TMD symptoms after orthognathic surgery.MethodWe included 237 patients undergoing orthodontics and surgical treatment for malocclusions associated with dentofacial deformities within the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University of Lille. Their parafunctional and dysfunctional oral habits were recorded through clinical examination along with the presence of TMD symptoms before and after the surgery. According to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) classification, the TMD symptoms studied were myalgia, arthralgia, disc displacement with or without reduction.ResultsMultivariate analysis revealed significant associations among bruxism (odds ratio [OR] 3.17 [1.066; 9.432]), lingual interposition (OR 4.241 [1.351; 13.313]), as well as primary swallowing (OR 3.54 [1.225; 10.234]) and the presence of postoperative symptoms of myalgia. Moreover, a significant association was observed between the presence of any dysfunctional oral habit and postoperative disc displacement with reduction (OR 4.611 [1.249; 17.021]).ConclusionBruxism and dysfunctional oral habits were shown to be risk factors for the presence of TMD symptoms also after combined orthodontic and surgical treatment. Treating such habits before orthognathic surgery should help prevent TMD.
Correlates of affiliate stigma among family caregivers of people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shi Ying , Shao Yanping , Li Huanhuan , Wang Shouqi , Ying Jie , Zhang Meiling , Li Yuan , Xing Zhuangjie , Sun Jiao 
Published: November 2018

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

A growing body of qualitative and quantitative research has investigated the experiences of affiliated stigma for family members of PWMI.

Some findings are contradictory and have not been considered systematically.

What does the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Family caregivers of PWMI may encounter affiliate stigma, but no systematic review or meta‐analysis has been conducted to evaluate affiliate stigma among them.

We identified eight variables significantly related to affiliate stigma among caregivers of PWMI. The findings can be used to help clinical practice to develop health promotion and prevention strategies.

What are the implications for practice?

Affiliate stigma was prevalent among the family caregivers of PWMI and is important for clinicians to consider.

Health‐focused interventions for family caregivers can mediate the impact of affiliated stigma through provision of social support by practitioners, such as respite care based on the “Senses Framework,” self‐help groups and online support program. And the caregivers of PWMI might benefit from further support (e.g., psychoeducation) to improve their knowledge about mental illness.

AbstractIntroductionMany studies have investigated the correlates of affiliate stigma among family caregivers of people with mental illness (PWMI). Thus far, no systematic review or meta‐analysis has been conducted to synthesize these results.Aims/QuestionThis review aims to identify the correlates of affiliate stigma among family caregivers of PWMI.MethodWe searched four databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Web of Science for studies that investigated the association of affiliate sigma with socio‐demographic, psychosocial and disease‐related factors.ResultsTwenty‐two studies including 3,381 participants met the inclusion criteria. Eighteen variables were included for the meta‐analysis. For disease‐related characteristics, only “disease attribution” and “care time/day” were associated with affiliate stigma. For psychosocial characteristics, “support from others,” “burden,” “depression,” “stress,” “distress” and “face concern” were related to affiliate stigma.DiscussionThis review is the first to assess the association of affiliate stigma with other characteristics of interest. However, the findings are limited due to a very small number of studies. Researchers should conduct in‐depth study in this area and improve the quality of the literature.Implications for practiceHealth‐focused interventions for family caregivers such as respite care, self‐help groups, online support program and psychosocial education can mediate the impact of affiliated stigma.
Assessment of the long‐term impact of deer on understory vegetation in mixed temperate forests
Authors: Simončič Tina , Bončina Andrej , Jarni Kristjan , Klopčič Matija 
Published: November 2018

AbstractQuestionsWhat is the long‐term impact of deer browsing on the diversity of the herbaceous layer and tree species regeneration? Which parameters of regeneration of the tree species regeneration and the herbaceous layer best indicate browsing impact?Study siteDinaric Mountains, Slovenia.MethodsWe studied the long‐term impact of red deer on mixed temperate forests by comparing the tree species regeneration and herbaceous layer vegetation under two treatments: deer present, no deer. We analyzed the regeneration of trees older than one year up to a diameter at breast height of 10 cm (categorized into five height classes) and the cover abundance of plant species in the herbaceous layer (<50 cm).ResultsThere were no significant differences between the treatments in the number of tree species regeneration. Browsing impact on the most abundant tree species—European beech, silver fir and sycamore—varied, indicating differences in palatability. When deer were present, the number of silver fir regenerating was significantly lower in all height classes, and regeneration of European beech specimens shorter than 50 cm was more abundant, while for sycamore shorter seedlings (<20 cm) were more abundant, and regeneration of taller specimens (≥50 cm) was significantly less abundant. The reduction of tree species diversity during natural regeneration is evident. There were no significant differences between the treatments in the number and diversity of plant species in the herbaceous layer; however, the abundance of 13 plant species differed significantly between the treatments. Deer reduce the density of tree species saplings due to long‐term browsing and thus indirectly increase tree species diversity in the regeneration up to 20 cm in height and plant species diversity in the herbaceous layer.ConclusionsWe documented the direct and indirect impact of deer on the diversity of tree species regeneration, but only found an indirect influence on the diversity of the herbaceous layer. The height structure of palatable tree species regeneration appears to be the most appropriate indicator of browsing impact. The observed browsing impact leads to the complete dominance of European beech in the tree species composition of forest stands.
Hepatitis C: Is eradication possible?
Authors: Lombardi Andrea , Mondelli Mario U. ,   ESCMID Study Group for Viral Hepatitis (ESGVH)
Published: November 2018

AbstractHepatitis C has a relevant global impact in terms of morbidity, mortality and economic costs, with more than 70 million people infected worldwide. In the resolution, “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” was included as a focus area in the health‐related goal with world leaders pledging to “combat” it by 2030. In response, WHO drafted the Global Viral Hepatitis Strategy carrying the ambitious targets to reduce the number of deaths by two‐thirds and to increase treatment rates up to 80%. Despite the availability of highly effective therapeutic regimens based on direct‐acting antivirals many barriers to HCV eradication still remain. They are related to awareness of the infection, linkage to care, availability of the therapeutic drug regimens and reinfection. Overall, if an effective prophylactic vaccine will not be available, HCV eradication appears difficult to achieve in the future.
Effect of proton pump inhibitors on the risk and prognosis of infections in patients with cirrhosis and ascites
Authors: Dam Gitte , Vilstrup Hendrik , Andersen Per Kragh , Bossen Lars , Watson Hugh , Jepsen Peter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsMany patients with cirrhosis use proton pump inhibitors. We aimed to determine their effects on the risk and prognosis of infections in patients with cirrhosis and ascites.MethodsWe used data from three 1‐year trials of satavaptan treatment of ascites (N = 1198) to compare incidence and 90‐day mortality of first‐time infections between users and nonusers of proton pump inhibitors. With standard and marginal structural Cox models, we adjusted for differences in gender, age, cirrhosis aetiology, Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score, serum albumin, lactulose use, severity of ascites, and history of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or variceal bleeding.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, 446 patients had an infection. At inclusion, 524 patients (44%) used proton pump inhibitors, and 645 (54%) used them at some point during the follow‐up. Proton pump inhibitor use increased the rate of infections overall (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.43, 95% CI 1.18‐1.74), and it also increased the rate of all specific types of infections except upper respiratory tract infections of presumably viral origin. The estimated cumulative risk of infections was 36.4% for proton pump inhibitor users vs 25.1% for nonusers at 6 months (relative risk = 1.45, 95% CI 1.22‐1.73), and 45.2% vs 37.7% at 1 year (relative risk = 1.20, 95% 0.97‐1.40). Use of proton pump inhibitors did not affect mortality during the 90 days following infection (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.83, 95% CI 0.53‐1.31).ConclusionsApproximately half of patients with cirrhosis and ascites use proton pump inhibitors. This use increases their risk of bacterial infections, but does not affect their prognosis after an infection occurs.
Phantom bedside intruder in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ting Simon Kang Seng , Chen Celeste , Hameed Shahul , Ng Adeline , Kandiah Nagaendran , Prakash Kumar M , Xie Wanying , Lam Winnie Wing‐Chuen , Sin Gwen Li , Chan Ling Ling , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Gauthier Serge , Ng Kok Pin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPsychosis is a known neuropsychiatric feature in Lewy body disease. While visual hallucination remained the most common form of psychosis, a minor proportion of patients suffer from multimodal psychosis in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, current research does not always specify whether multimodal psychosis is manifested in an independent, sequential, or concomitant manner. As such, studies addressing brain–behavior relationship of multimodal psychosis remain sparse. In this paper, we described a case of PD multimodal psychosis manifesting as a phantom bedside intruder, where the patient episodically “felt” the presence and “heard” the breathing sound of the “person” without visualizing him. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography scan showed predominant hypometabolism in brain regions involving the bilateral insula, superior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and anterior cingulate. The unusual multimodal phantom bedside intruder phenomenon observed in this case is likely a result of combinational dysfunction of bilateral temporal parietal lobes.
Physico‐chemical stability of Plasma‐Lyte 148® and Plasma‐Lyte 148® + 5% Glucose with eight common intravenous medications
Authors: Dawson Rachael , Wignell Andrew , Cooling Paul , Barrett David , Vyas Harish , Davies Patrick 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundPlasma‐Lyte 148® is a balanced, crystalloid intravenous (IV) fluid which is both calcium‐free and isotonic. It prevents the hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and iatrogenic hyponatremia seen with use of 0.9% sodium chloride and hypotonic solutions, respectively. However, data on compatibility with commonly used drugs are lacking.AimsTo investigate the stability of Plasma‐Lyte 148® and Plasma‐Lyte 148® + 5% Glucose with eight commonly used therapeutic agents when compared with 5% glucose and 0.9% sodium chloride as diluents. We aimed to provide vital data which may facilitate the introduction of what appears to be a safer and more economic fluid.MethodsPlasma‐Lyte 148® and Plasma‐Lyte 148® + 5% Glucose were mixed with morphine, midazolam, fentanyl, ketamine, clonidine, aminophylline, salbutamol, and furosemide at set concentrations. Comparisons were made to 0.9% sodium chloride and 5% glucose fluid controls. Six repeats of each IV fluid and drug admixture were analyzed through high‐performance liquid chromatography at three time points: 0, 2, and 24 hours. A concentration change of <5% was defined as chemically stable. Physical stability was assessed by observation of precipitate formation or color change. pH changes were measured using a Fisherbrand Hydrus 300 pH meter.ResultsRelative to starting concentration, all drugs except midazolam were stable to ±3%. All examined therapeutic agents were chemically stable at 2 and 24 hours relative to control solutions. No precipitate formed in any of the samples. All Plasma‐Lyte 148® and Plasma‐Lyte 148® + 5% Glucose drug admixtures remained in a safe, peripheral administration pH range of 5‐9 and were closer to the pH of blood than standard fluid‐drug admixtures.ConclusionMorphine, fentanyl, ketamine, salbutamol, aminophylline, and clonidine are stable for 24 hours when mixed with Plasma‐Lyte 148® and Plasma‐Lyte 148®+5% Glucose for administration at concentrations equivalent to those found at a typical Y‐site with maintenance fluid. Furosemide is stable at lower concentrations than those seen at a Y‐site, but midazolam displayed instability.
A follow‐up survey of total intravenous anesthesia usage in children in the U.K. and Ireland
Authors: Goh Au-Chyun Nicole , Bagshaw Oliver , Courtman Simon 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundTotal intravenous anesthesia usage in children remains relatively unpopular in the UK and Ireland. A postal survey by Hill et al in 2008 indicated that only 26% of Consultants used a propofol infusion at least once a month.AimsFollowing an increase in teaching and training opportunities in pediatric total intravenous anesthesia in the UK, we repeated the survey among Consultant members of Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and Society for Intravenous Anaesthesia, to see if this had affected total intravenous anesthesia usage in children and how practice may have changed.MethodsWe used an anonymous online survey sent to Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and Society for Intravenous Anaesthesia members.ResultsA total of 291 responses were analyzed. Total intravenous anesthesia was the default method of anesthesia in 8% of respondents and a further 46% used total intravenous anesthesia at least monthly. Overall total intravenous anesthesia usage had increased in the past year in 53%. The main indications were malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Ear/nose/throat surgery was the most popular surgical specialty. The main reasons for not using total intravenous anesthesia were that it was too “fiddly” and lack of confidence in the user. Most respondents used propofol in combination with remifentanil. Over 80% used propofol target‐controlled infusion. The potential for propofol‐related infusion syndrome concerned many, with 74% limiting infusion duration as a result. Bispectral Index was not used routinely by the majority of anesthetists. Even though most anesthetists did not use total intravenous anesthesia routinely, 98% felt they would be confident to anesthetize an malignant hyperpyrexia‐positive patient using the technique.ConclusionThis survey has shown that although total intravenous anesthesia is not the default anesthetic technique for most anesthetists, overall usage in children has more than doubled in the past 10 years, with many happy to use it in a wide variety of patients and procedures.
Sedation and neurodevelopmental outcomes in PICU: Identification of study groups
Authors: Withington Davinia E. , Mujallid Razaz , Al Sabaa Zainab 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackground/AimsAs little as 30 minutes of exposure to anesthetic and sedative agents may adversely affect the developing brain. Safe, humane management of critically ill infants requires the use of sedative agents, often for prolonged periods. We sought to identify two comparable groups of critical care patients who did or did not receive sedatives, with the aim of designing a long‐term neurodevelopment follow‐up study. This feasibility study aimed to determine if two comparable groups could be found.MethodsInfants with respiratory diagnoses having noninvasive ventilation without sedation (Group C) or intubation and ventilation with sedation (Group S) were identified by chart review. Charts of patients fulfilling the above inclusion criteria were searched for exclusion criteria including neurological disease, extreme prematurity, congenital cardiac disease, and genetic anomalies. Data were extracted to score pediatric severity of illness scores (PRISM and PELOD) for each patient. These scores were then compared using the absolute scores and by risk strata.ResultsGroup S included 33 patients and Group C had 39. The absolute PRISM and PELOD scores were different between groups. Comparing the groups in three risk strata (PRISM greater or less than 5 or 10), there were no significant differences between groups.ConclusionIt is not possible to randomize infants to sedation or no sedation to investigate neurodevelopmental outcomes. This phase of the project aimed to determine the comparability of two groups of PICU patients. These findings indicate that these groups could be enrolled as exposed and control subjects in an outcomes study.
Elevated carbon dioxide plus chronic warming causes dramatic increases in leaf angle in tomato, which correlates with reduced plant growth
Authors: Jayawardena Dileepa Madushanka , Heckathorn Scott Alan , Bista Deepesh Raj , Boldt Jennifer Kay 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLimited evidence indicates that moderate leaf hyponasty can be induced by high temperatures or unnaturally high CO2. Here, we report that the combination of warming plus elevated CO2 (eCO2) induces severe leaf hyponasty in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). To characterize this phenomenon, tomato plants were grown at two levels of CO2 (400 vs. 700 ppm) and two temperature regimes (30 vs. 37°C) for 16–18 days. Leaf hyponasty increased dramatically with warming plus eCO2 but increased only slightly with either factor alone and was slowly reversible upon transfer to control treatments. Increases in leaf angle were not correlated with leaf temperature, leaf water stress, or heat‐related damage to photosynthesis. However, steeper leaf angles were correlated with decreases in leaf area and biomass, which could be explained by decreased light interception and thus in situ photosynthesis, as leaves became more vertical. Petiole hyponasty and leaf‐blade cupping were also observed with warming + eCO2 in marigold and soybean, respectively, which are compound‐leaved species like tomato, but no such hyponasty was observed in sunflower and okra, which have simple leaves. If severe leaf hyponasty is common under eCO2 and warming, then this may have serious consequences for food production in the future.
Ultraviolet B radiation modifies circadian time in epidermal skin and in subcutaneous adipose tissue
Authors: Nikkola Veera , Miettinen Maija E. , Karisola Piia , Grönroos Mari , Ylianttila Lasse , Alenius Harri , Snellman Erna , Partonen Timo 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundRecent findings suggest that circadian time regulates cellular functions in the skin and may affect protection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR). It is not known, however, whether UVR through skin directly affects the expression of circadian genes. We investigated the effect of ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure on cryptochrome circadian clock 1 (CRY1), cryptochrome circadian clock 2 (CRY2), and circadian associated repressor of transcription (CIART) genes.MethodsHealthy volunteers (n = 12) were exposed to narrow‐band UVB radiation of four standard erythemal dose (SED). Epidermal/dermal and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained by punch biopsies from irradiated and non‐irradiated skin 10 cm away from the irradiated site 24 hours after UVB exposure. Gene expression of CRY1, CRY2, and CIART was measured using RT‐PCR (TaqMan).ResultsUltraviolet B radiation affected mRNA expression in the epidermal/dermal skin and in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. It down‐regulated expression of CRY2 gene in the epidermal/dermal skin, whereas it up‐regulated expression of CRY1 and CIART genes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue.ConclusionWe showed for the first time that UVB radiation affects expression of circadian genes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Further studies are warranted to understand the mechanisms in detail.