bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactive coatings from nano‐biopolymers/plant extract composites for complete protection from mycotoxigenic fungi in dates
Authors: Alotaibi Maeidh A , Tayel Ahmed A , Zidan Nahla S , El Rabey Haddad A 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDContamination of date fruit with mycotoxigenic fungi is a hazardous threat. The present study investigated the effectiveness of natural derivatives for controlling this. Chitosan (Cts) was produced from Aspergillus niger mycelia and characterized and then nanochitosan (NCt) particles were synthesized from fungal Cts. Edible‐coating films were formulated based on Cts, NCt, pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and their composites and these were evaluated as antifungal materials against mycotoxigenic fungi, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus and Fusarium moniliforme.RESULTSThe Cts produced had 88.7% deacetylation, a molecular weight of 24.5 kDa and 98% solubility in diluted acetic acid, whereas the particle diameters of synthesized NCts ranged from 35 to 65 nm. The inhibition zone assay emphasized the antifungal effectiveness of the entire coating films. The most effective agent for preparing edible film was the blend of NCt + PPE followed by Cts + PPE based films. The practical application of antifungal films for date decontamination with respect to mycotoxigenic fungi demonstrates that the films were very effective for controlling the entire fungal strain and preventing growth on the fruits.CONCLUSIONThe NCt + PPE and Cts + PPE based films were found to be the most effective because they could completely eliminate the growth of any fungal spore on date fruit after 48 h from the coating experiment. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Genotype‐phenotype correlations and BH4 estimated responsiveness in patients with phenylketonuria from Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil
Authors: Vieira Neto Eduardo , Laranjeira Francisco , Quelhas Dulce , Ribeiro Isaura , Seabra Alexandre , Mineiro Nicole , Carvalho Lilian M. , Lacerda Lúcia , Ribeiro Márcia G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundGenetic heterogeneity and compound heterozygosis give rise to a continuous spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency and metabolic phenotypes in phenylketonuria (PKU). The most used parameters for evaluating phenotype in PKU are pretreatment phenylalanine (Phe) levels, tolerance for dietary Phe, and Phe overloading test. Phenotype can vary from a “classic” (severe) form to mild hyperphenylalaninemia, which does not require dietary treatment. A subset of patients is responsive to treatment by the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Genotypes of PKU patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were compared to predicted and observed phenotypes. Genotype‐based estimations of responsiveness to BH4 were also conducted.MethodsPhenotype was defined by pretreatment Phe levels. A standard prediction system based on arbitrary assigned values was employed to measure genotype‐phenotype concordance. Patients were also estimated as BH4‐responders according to the responsiveness previously reported for their mutations and genotypes.ResultsA 48.3% concordance rate between genotype‐predicted and observed phenotypes was found. When the predicted phenotypes included those reported at the BIOPKU database, the concordance rate reached 77%. A total of 18 genotypes from 30 patients (29.4%) were estimated as of potential or probable BH4 responsiveness. Inconsistencies were observed in genotypic combinations including the common “moderate” mutations p.R261Q, p.V388M, and p.I65T and the mild mutations p.L48S, p.R68S, and p.L249F.ConclusionThe high discordance rate between genotype‐predicted and observed metabolic phenotypes in this study seems to be due partially to the high frequency of the so‐called “moderate” common mutations, p.R261Q, p.V388M, and p.I65T, which are reported to be associated to erratic or more severe than expected metabolic phenotypes. Although our results of BH4 estimated responsiveness must be regarded as tentative, it should be emphasized that genotyping and genotype‐phenotype association studies are important in selecting patients to be offered a BH4 overload test, especially in low‐resource settings like Brazil.
3‐13 GHz Q‐enhanced low noise amplifier with optimized inductors utilizing in‐phase current returning path technique
Authors: Wang Keping , Yang Geliang , Wang Zhigong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this letter, a 3‐13 GHz UWB low noise amplifier (LNA) with high power gain is reported using a standard 130‐nm CMOS. In the first stage, Q‐enhanced inductors are proposed by using an in‐phase current returning path (CRP) technique. Compared to traditional ground ring CRP and anti‐phase CRP, the quality factor of the inductor is improved by decreasing the mutual inductance between the spiral coil and CRP. As a result, the proposed LNA achieves a power gain (S21) of 22.5 ± 1.5 dB from 3.4 to 13.2 GHz while combining with the inductive peaking technology. In addition, an average noise figure of 3 dB is achieved within an ultra‐wide band up to 17 GHz. The UWB amplifier also achieves an in‐band IIP3 of −16.8 dBm and a DC power of 20.5 mW at 1.2 V supply. It occupies an area of 0.82 × 0.71 mm2 including pads.
Coupled consolidation and heat flow analysis of layered soils surrounding cylindrical heat sources using a precise integration technique
Authors: Wang Lu‐Jun , Zhu Bin , Chen Yun‐Min , Kong De‐Qiong , Chen Ren‐Peng 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe engineering applications of energy piles, geological radioactive waste disposals, and mining wells of geothermal and petroleum are usually associated with strong coupled behaviour of consolidation and heat flow. This paper aims to present an efficient precise integration technique (PIT) for the analysis of such behaviour within layered saturated soils surrounding cylindrical heat sources (ie, with a cross section as a point, ring, or disc). Each soil layer, together with its embedded part of heat source, is divided into 2N layer elements with equal thickness. Then any pair of adjacent two layer elements are merged into a heat source on the interface. With the aid of Taylor series expansion and recurrence formula for adjacent layer elements combination, such problems can be solved by means of an improved PIT. Typical examples are performed to examine the effects of heat source type and soils layered properties on the coupled consolidation and heat flow responses. The elevation of the clay surface increases with time because of thermal expansion and reaches a peak value before showing a tendency of getting stabilised because of the dissipation of pore pressure becoming dominant. Such a peak cannot be achieved in sand case because of no accumulation of pore pressure. The influencing area of the heat source was found to be limited to near the source. These quantitative results serve as good verification of the presented technique, which proves to be remarkably efficient and several orders more accurate than traditional numerical techniques in that it ideally reaches the accuracy limit of the hardware of the computers used.
Zur Physik des Schuheschnürens
Authors: Schlichting H. Joachim , Ucke Christian 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Art, wie man seine Schuhe schnürt, der Schnürvorgang selbst und das Laufen mit den geschnürten Schuhen beinhalten mathematisch und physikalisch interessante Aspekte. Die Topologie des Schnürens entscheidet über die Festigkeit der Schnürung, der Schnürvorgang macht Gebrauch von der kraftmindernden Wirkung des Flaschenzugs, und die großen Winkel der Schnürung beim Durchgang durch die Ösen und Haken sorgen für eine große Reibungskraft, die das leichte Fixieren der zusammengezogenen Schuhhälften bewirkt. Schließlich fixiert die Schleife die Schnürung. Doch sie kann sich durch das Zusammenspiel von Erschütterung und Trägheitswirkung beim Laufen von selbst lösen.
Die unterschätzte Gefahr
Authors: Frölicher Thomas 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungMarine Hitzewellen – längere Perioden mit extrem hohen Meerestemperaturen – haben in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten stark zugenommen. Die Anzahl der marinen Hitzetage hat sich in den letzten 35 Jahren verdoppelt. Hitzewellen wurden auch intensiver, länger und erstrecken sich über größere Gebiete. Diese Trends werden sich infolge des Klimawandels weiter verstärken. Die Folgen für die Ökosysteme der Weltmeere sind gravierend. Besonders bedroht sind sesshafte Organismen, die sich den wärmeren Bedingungen nicht anpassen können.
The many‐faced Janus of plant breeding
Authors: Kantar Michael B. , Runck Bryan C. , Raghavan Barath , Joglekar Alison B. , Senay Senait , Krohn Brian , Neyhart Jeffrey , Bradeen James , Soto Gomez Marybel , Kjelgren Roger 
Published: March 2019

Societal Impact Statement
Plant breeding is crucial for improving agricultural crops for human use. However, an urgent rethink is needed to ensure the next generation of plant breeders have the necessary breadth of skills to provide ever more efficient, nutritious, profitable, and environmentally sustainable crops. Plant breeding is a multifaceted endeavor, which intersects with many other disciplines and professions. To help ensure that future plant breeding efforts are sustainable and relevant to the needs of society, it is vital that the interdisciplinary nature of the plant breeding profession is adequately reflected in student training and development.
Summary
Breeders need to have many faces to understand not only genetics but also environmental, social, and economic factors that are relevant for maintaining or improving crops for human use. In the United States, there is a long history of public involvement in agriculture and plant breeding. However, recent changes in the social systems underpinning public agriculture (i.e., funding structure) necessitate a rethinking of how agriculture education, specifically plant breeding education, should be facilitated. To provide viable plant breeding programs, it is necessary to explicitly acknowledge that breeding has been an interdisciplinary, long‐standing public endeavor to increase food system stability. Acknowledging this complexity has important pedagogical implications: the core of plant breeding resides in genetics, but the changing nature of this profession requires breeders to embrace a much broader training. Here, we suggest specific curricular objectives for plant breeders.
Within‐breath changes in respiratory system impedance in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Zannin Emanuela , Nyilas Sylvia , Ramsey Kathryn A. , Latzin Philipp , Dellaca' Raffaele L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess within‐breath respiratory system impedance by the forced oscillation technique (FOT) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and relate it to the underlying lung disease.MethodsThirty‐three children with CF (median [range] age 12.0 [6‐17] years) underwent FOT at 8 Hz during tidal breathing, multiple breath nitrogen washout (LCI), spirometry (FEV1), body plethysmography (RV/TLC), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). FOT outcomes included: mean inspiratory, expiratory, and whole breath resistance (R8INSP, R8EXP, R8TOT) and reactance (X8INSP, X8EXP, X8TOT), and the differences between X8INSP and X8EXP (ΔX8). Morphological changes were evaluated by MRI using CF‐specific morphological scores. Spearman correlation was performed to examine the correlation between FOT indices and other parameters.ResultsFEV1 was negatively correlated with R8EXP (r = −0.52, P = 0.002) and ΔX8 (r = −0.55, P = 0.001), and positively correlated with and X8EXP (r = 0.56, P < 0.001). RV/TLC was positively correlated with R8EXP (r = 0.43, P = 0.013), and ΔX8 (r = 0.54, P = 0.001) and negatively correlated with X8EXP (r = −0.54, P = 0.001). We found poor correlation between FOT parameters and LCI and no correlation between FOT parameters and MRI scores.ConclusionIn children with CF, changes in within‐breath FOT parameters are consistent with peripheral obstruction and dynamic airway compression, while they are not associated with ventilation heterogeneities and morphological alterations.
A “Power and Influence” political archetype: the dynamics of public support
Authors: Cavana Robert Y. , Forgie Vicky E. , van den Belt Marjan , Cody John R. , Romera Alvaro J. , Wang Keming , Browne Chris A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSystems archetypes are effective in communicating complex behaviour with relatively simple structures, across a wide range of topics. The “power dynamics” between different power holders are critically important in decision making when it comes to formulating and implementing policies. This topic was explored at a four‐day Australasian systems workshop run in New Zealand. A synthesis approach was combined with analytical procedures from system dynamics (SD). Building on Rahn's “Fear and Greed” political archetype, a conceptual “Power and Influence” political archetype was developed. This political archetype shows the impact of public support. It is used to analyse a crowdfunding story in New Zealand. A small SD concept model was subsequently constructed to test this story and evaluate alternative public support scenarios. A library of political archetypes and concept models would be an asset for the field of SD and provide a means of synthesising insights from case studies and social theory.© 2019 System Dynamics Society
Multicomponent Reaction for Selective Synthesis of Spiro[indene‐2,7′‐isoquinoline] and 1,2,8,8 a‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Cao Jun , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe piperidine promoted three‐component reaction of N‐alkylpiperidin‐4‐ones, malononitrile and 2‐arylidene‐1,3‐indanediones in ethanol selectively resulted in the spiro[indene‐2,7′‐isoquinoline] and the ring‐opened cis‐ or trans‐1,2,8,8a‐tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives at room temperature or at the elevated temperature. However, the four‐component reaction N‐alkylpiperidin‐4‐ones, malononitrile, aromatic aldehydes and 1,3‐indanedione in refluxing ethanol mainly afforded ring‐opened cis‐1,2,8,8a‐tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. A plausible domino reaction mechanism was proposed for the formation of the different polycyclic products.
Adducts of Zinc(II) Acetylacetonate with Various Aminoquinolines: Synthesis, Structure and Luminescence
Authors: Chesnokov Vasilii V. , Rostovtseva Irina A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNew adducts of zinc(II) acetylacetonate of composition [Zn(acac)2L] (where L=2‐aminoquinoline, 4‐aminoquinoline, 6‐aminoquinoline, 5‐amino‐4,6‐dimethylquinoline) were obtained and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H‐NMR. The optical properties of zinc(II) adducts were investigated by UV/Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. In these adducts, each zinc(II) ion is coordinated with two acetylacetonate moieties and one aminoquinoline ligand through an endocyclic nitrogen atom. Adducts show thermal stability (m.p.>180 °C), good solubility in non‐polar solvents, but they easily decompose in the presence of Lewis bases. The 4‐aminoquinoline adduct does not luminesce. The emission bands of other compounds in CH2Cl2 solutions are located in the blue region of the spectrum in the range 373–460 nm with quantum yields ϕ= 0.21‐0.40.
All‐Carbon Pressure Sensors with High Performance and Excellent Chemical Resistance
Authors: Xiao Zhuojian , Zhou Weiya , Zhang Nan , Zhang Qiang , Xia Xiaogang , Gu Xiaogang , Wang Yanchun , Xie Sishen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn all‐carbon pressure sensor is designed and fabricated based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanomaterials. By sandwiching one layer of superelastic rGO aerogel between two freestanding high‐conductive rGO thin papers, the sensor works based on the contact resistance at the aerogel–paper interfaces, getting rid of the alien materials such as polymers and metals adopted in traditional sensors. Without the limitation of alien materials, the all‐carbon sensors demonstrate an ultrawide detecting range (0.72 Pa–130 kPa), low energy consumption (≈0.58 µW), ultrahigh sensitivity (349–253 kPa−1) at low‐pressure regime (<1.4 Pa), fast response time (8 ms at 1 kPa), high stability (10 000 unloading–loading cycles between 0 and 1 kPa), light weight (<10 mg), easily scalable fabrication process, and excellent chemical stability. These merits enable them to detect real‐time human physiological signals and monitor the weights of various droplets of not only water but also hazardous chemical reagents including strong acid, strong alkali, and organic solvents. This shows their great potential applications in real‐time health monitoring, sport performance detecting, harsh environment‐related robotics and industry, and so forth.
Engineering 2D Metal–Organic Framework/MoS2 Interface for Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhu Dongdong , Liu Jinlong , Zhao Yongqiang , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: March 2019

Abstract2D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely investigated for electrocatalysis because of their unique characteristics such as large specific surface area, tunable structures, and enhanced conductivity. However, most of the works are focused on oxygen evolution reaction. There are very limited numbers of reports on MOFs for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and generally these reported MOFs suffer from unsatisfactory HER activities. In this contribution, novel 2D Co‐BDC/MoS2 (BDC stands for 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate, C8H4O4) hybrid nanosheets are synthesized via a facile sonication‐assisted solution strategy. The introduction of Co‐BDC induces a partial phase transfer from semiconducting 2H‐MoS2 to metallic 1T‐MoS2. Compared with 2H‐MoS2, 1T‐MoS2 can activate the inert basal plane to provide more catalytic active sites, which contributes significantly to improving HER activity. The well‐designed Co‐BDC/MoS2 interface is vital for alkaline HER, as Co‐BDC makes it possible to speed up the sluggish water dissociation (rate‐limiting step for alkaline HER), and modified MoS2 is favorable for the subsequent hydrogen generation step. As expected, the resultant 2D Co‐BDC/MoS2 hybrid nanosheets demonstrate remarkable catalytic activity and good stability toward alkaline HER, outperforming those of bare Co‐BDC, MoS2, and almost all the previously reported MOF‐based electrocatalysts.
BIM im Stahlbau: etablierte Arbeitsweisen und neue Wege
Authors: Erfurth Lorenz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBuilding Information Modeling (BIM) spielt auch im Stahlbau eine immer größere Rolle und wird in allen Ebenen der Planung und Ausführung sowohl interessiert als auch kritisch diskutiert. Der Stahlbau kann dabei aufgrund seiner langen Erfahrung in der 3D‐Planung auf etablierte Prozesse im Bereich des Datenaustauschs zurückgreifen. BIM bietet die Chance, diese weiterzuentwickeln und auszubauen. Der Artikel beleuchtet anhand ausgewählter Einsatzbereiche und Praxisbeispiele den aktuellen Status der modellbasierten Planung und Ausführung. Ziel ist dabei, BIM im Kontext etablierter Arbeitsweisen des Stahlbaus zu betrachten, Mut zu machen, die Möglichkeiten von BIM schon heute auszuschöpfen, und das Potenzial für die Zukunft aufzuzeigen.
Operando soft X‐ray microscope study of rechargeable Zn–air battery anodes in deep eutectic solvent electrolyte
Authors: Bozzini Benedetto , Kazemian Majid , Kiskinova Maya , Kourousias George , Mele Claudio , Gianoncelli Alessandra 
Published: March 2019

Zn–air batteries are very promising devices for energy storage at high energy density due to their intrinsic safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost, but still, there are key issues to be solved to get to the industrial scale. One of the unsolved problems is the poor cyclability of batteries based on aqueous solvents that urges to consider nonaqueous solvents. Among different possible options are deep eutectic solvents, which are cost‐effective and technologically relatively easy to implement. The present investigation reports for the first time an operando scanning soft X‐ray microscope analysis of the Zn behaviour in a choline–chloride/urea deep eutectic solvents electrolyte during the cathodic and anodic phase formation processes taking place in battery charge and discharge, providing a platform for in‐depth space–time dependent investigations of the chemistry of crystallites evolving during potential cycling. These operando measurements have been enabled by the construction of a novel wet cell, improving the design and filling protocol of earlier generation cells developed by authors.High‐resolution soft X‐ray microscope images were acquired in two modes: (a) dynamic mode at a fixed beam energy, allowing to follow morphology evolution under electrochemical control and (b) static mode for selected morphologies representative of characteristic Zn growth and dissolution steps.
Impact of a Half Dome Cable Permitting Process on Search and Rescue Activity, Hiker Mortality Rates, and Operational Costs Above Little Yosemite Valley
Authors: Spano Susanne J , Seymer John A , Crane Desiree H , Auerbach Paul S 
Published: March 2019

Introduction The summit of Yosemite's Half Dome is reached using cable handrails for the final 146 m (480 ft). Access to these cables was restricted to users with permits in 2010. The authors aim to describe the impact of permitting on search and rescue (SAR) in the region of the park most affected by permitting. Methods An observational study from 2005 to 2009 and 2011 to 2015 comparing the number of incidents, major incidents (exceeding $500), victims, and fatalities before and after permitting the use of cable handrails on Half Dome in the area above Little Yosemite Valley (LYV) and parkwide. Each year was analyzed separately with t tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. Data are presented as mean±SD. Result The number of hikers in the study area was reduced by up to 66% by permitting. Above LYV from 2005 to 2009, there were 85 SAR incidents, 134 victims, 8 fatalities, 38 major incidents, and annual SAR costs of $44,582±28,972. From 2011 to 2015, the same area saw 54 SAR incidents, 156 victims, 4 fatalities, 35 major incidents, and annual SAR costs of $27,027±19,586. No parameter showed statistical significance. Parkwide SAR incidents decreased from 232 to 198 annual incidents ( P=0.013) during the same time period, with parkwide mortality increasing from 8 to 12 deaths annually ( P=0.045). Conclusions SAR incidents, victims, fatalities, or costs above LYV did not decrease after cable handrail permitting. Parkwide SAR activity decreased during the same intervals. This strongly suggests that overcrowding is not the key factor influencing safety on Half Dome. This discordant trend warrants close observation over 5 to 10 y.
Implications of Commodity Programs and Crop Insurance Policies for Wheat Producers
Authors: Luckstead Jeff , Devadoss Stephen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe analyze the effects of Price Loss Coverage (PLC), Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC), individual revenue protection insurance (RP), and Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO) on the RP coverage level, certainty equivalent, and program payments. The model is calibrated to a representative wheat farm in Mitchell County in Kansas to analyze the effects of various policies. The result highlights that when insurance is framed as an investment, cumulative prospect theory predicts farmers’ coverage decisions accurately at 70%. ARC or PLC program increases the RP coverage level to 75%, but PLC and SCO jointly decrease the RP coverage level to 70%.