bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whose Freedom of Movement Is Worth Defending?
Authors: Fine Sarah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs long as the EU continues to present refugees as a problem to be kept at bay, with repeated promises to strengthen its borders against unwanted arrivals, those of us who wish to defend freedom of movement as a core component of EU citizenship have to ask ourselves not just about Europe’s ‘immobile’ citizens who associate free movement with unpalatable costs, but about the people on the wrong side of the territorial and civic borders who are paying the ultimate price.
What to Say to Those Who Stay? Free Movement is a Human Right of Universal Value
Authors: Oberman Kieran 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFree movement is under attack, both within Europe and at the frontier. How to defend it? In these comments, I show that there is no need for complex and controversial arguments regarding the superiority of a cosmopolitan identity. The best defence is simpler and, in one important sense, less controversial. We start with a set of basic liberties that are widely recognised and show how free movement is a prerequisite to their realisation. We also note something too often overlooked: freedom of movement is valuable for everyone, including those who never migrate.
Union Citizenship for UK Citizens
Authors: Morgan Glyn 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWith Brexit, UK citizens will lose freedom of movement, and Europeans resident in Britain will lose the protection afforded by Union citizenship. More worrying still, Brexit threatens to unravel the postwar achievements of European integration. The EU must act to ensure that Brexit is a failure. It can do this by crafty deployment of a carrot and stick strategy. The stick should come in the form of refusing the UK any privileged access to the Single Market without accepting freedom of movement. The carrot comes in the form of citizenship-based freedom of movement. One step in the right direction would be for the EU to move towards a form of Union citizenship unmediated by any prior national citizenship. Many UK citizens will jump at the opportunity.
‘Migrants’, ‘Mobile Citizens’ and the Borders of Exclusion in the European Union
Authors: Ruhs Martin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractI argue that we need to connect debates about the ‘free movement’ of EU citizens with discussions about EU member states’ ‘immigration policies’ toward people from outside Europe. This is exactly the opposite approach to the one traditionally taken and advocated by the European Commission and many other European policy-makers who have insisted on a clear distinction between the ‘mobility’ of EU citizens on the one hand, and the ‘immigration’ of third-country nationals on the other. To develop my argument, I first outline some of the key differences between how ‘migrants’ and ‘mobile EU citizens’ are debated and regulated in the European Union. This is followed by a brief explanation of why I think the current distinctions may be considered problematic from both a moral and political perspective.
EU Citizenship, Free Movement and Emancipation: A Rejoinder
Authors: De Witte Floris 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs was to be expected on a topic such as the relationship between free movement and Union citizenship, the discussion above has been both fruitful and wide-ranging, not in the least due to the decision of the British electorate to leave the EU that took place half-way through this EUDO forum debate (and that throws in doubt the rights of residence of Union citizens in the UK, as well as that of UK citizens in the EU). In my rejoinder I address three themes that transcend the various points of view expressed in our debate. Is my defence of Union citizenship as being primarily about free movement insufficiently sensitive to its exclusionary potential? Is my account precariously perched between nation state and cosmopolitanism? Does the link between free movement and citizenship that is central to my account make for a normatively and institutionally impoverished vision of justice?
The Impact and Political Accountability of EU Citizenship
Authors: Sindbjerg Martinsen Dorte 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMaurizio Ferrera’s essay on how to take EU citizenship forward is an inspiring and welcome contribution to a heated, politicised debate. In my contribution I focus on the tension between the ‘small constituency of mobile citizens’ and those who stay. As researcher we need to engage in fact-finding missions. And there is empirical evidence that mobile EU citizens are net contributors to the public purse. There are still negative externalities of EU free movement that need to be confronted politically. The question then becomes: at what regulatory level and with which means? I suggest that some forms of differentiated integration in this respect may disturb the uniformity of EU rules, but could at the same time increase its domestic support.
Balancing the Rights of European Citizenship with Duties Towards National Citizens: An Inter-National Perspective
Authors: Bellamy Richard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFerrera offers his proposal as a way of reconciling national citizens to the trans- and supra-national citizenship regime promoted by the EU. This chapter argues that his proposal is better seen as part of the EU’s inter-national regime, in which the national citizenship regimes of each of the member states are balanced against each other in order to adress the moral and functional challenges posed by interdependence in a globalising world.
Towards a ‘Holding Environment’ for Europe’s (Diverse) Social Citizenship Regimes
Authors: Hemerijck Anton 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe postwar expansion of the national welfare state produced – as a by-product – a sense of national community on the basis of social citizenship rights. European integration, also taking shape over the period of postwar reconstruction, lacked the accompanying moral force of deepening European community integrity. More perversely, the operational logic of intensified market and currency integration from the 1980s on was intent to ensure that member states held their ‘wasteful’ welfare state in check through economic liberalization, monetarism and balanced budgets. The aftermath of Euro crisis (and Brexit) has exposed that the ‘permissive consensus’ of relegating social policy to the nation state and market and monetary discipline to the EU is past its prime. However, I doubt that adding substance to EU social citizenship is a viable strategy in times of resurgent nationalism. I am also not so sanguine that ‘adding stuff’ to EU citizenship would strengthen any sense of European community. Rather, I suggest a more assertive and transformative institutional role for the EU in backing and bolstering the problem-solving capacities of semi-sovereign national welfare states. The EU should transform its modus operandi from a ‘disciplining device’ to a ‘holding environment’ for national welfare states to prosper, making the EU a proud and tangible union of national welfare states.
Social Citizenship, Democratic Values and European Integration: A Rejoinder
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis Forum debate has gone way beyond my expectations and hopes. I thought that commentators would mainly address my proposals on enhancing rights and introducing duties. The conversation has instead extended to my diagnosis as well, to the rationale which lies at the basis of my prescriptive ideas. By focusing on starting points, the forum has thus brought into light different perspectives and styles of reasoning around citizenship and even broader political questions. With hindsight, I should have spelled out more carefully my basic assumptions. But there is time to remedy this now – and not just for the sake of this particular discussion. I am in fact convinced that a closer and more systematic dialogue between empirical, normative, legal and social theorists would be a welcome and beneficial innovation, a way to contrast excessive disciplinary perspectivism and the related risks of analytical lock-ins.
Testing the Bonds of Solidarity in Europe’s Common Citizenship Area
Authors: Shaw Jo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe European Citizens’ Initiative proposing the extension of voting rights for resident non-national EU citizens to all elections in the host state is an important and timely initiative. The EU struggles with the challenges posed by the question of ‘who should vote in which election where’ because it is nestled somewhere between the ‘truly’ federalised polity and the ‘purely’ intergovernmental association. The creation of EU citizenship and the remodelling of the treaties according to the ‘Lisbon’ schema do not provide a definitive normative answer to the question of how voting rights should be organised within this mixed polity in which the states remain significant actors. At the same time clearly the practical consequences of the exercise of free movement demand some sort of response – from the EU institutions and from the member states – to the ‘democratic wrong’ (as Owen puts it) that arises because many of those who exercise their right to free movement end up, in one way or another, being disenfranchised in relation to all of the elections not covered by Article 22 TFEU, unless they choose the often costly and cumbersome route of acquiring the citizenship of the host state or are lucky enough to have the citizenship of one of the member states which impose no conditions upon the exercise of external voting rights.
If You Do not Like Selling Passports, Give Them for Free to Those Who Deserve Them
Authors: Paskalev Vesco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile it is difficult to disagree with most of the arguments against monetisation of citizenship, in my view they all aim at the wrong target. It is not the sale of citizenship per se which violates principles of justice and democracy; it is the existing international system of inclusion and exclusion of third country nationals which is deeply skewed and denigrates the value of citizenship. A condition under which anyone would give huge amounts of money for a travel document is deeply troubling. It is not membership but mobility which is at issue.
Retain Ius Sanguinis, but Don’t Take it Literally!
Authors: Ersbøll Eva 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCostica Dumbrava has raised an important question about whether to abandon ius sanguinis citizenship. His arguments are that ius sanguinis is historically tainted and unfit to deal with contemporary issues such as developments in reproductive technologies and changes in family practices and norms. He also claims that ius sanguinis is normatively unnecessary, as it is possible to deliver its advantages by other means. In my response I argue that – from a human rights perspective – children need their parents’ citizenship – or rather, the citizenship of their primary caretakers, be they biological parents or not. Consequently, although I concur with the argument that ius sanguinis, if taken literally, is unfit to deal with some new family arrangements, I do not endorse the viewpoint that it is time to abandon ius sanguinis. Rather, ius sanguinis should be translated into ius filiationis by entitling children to their social parents’ citizenship. In order to achieve mutual understanding about this, states should engage in international cooperation with a view to adopting common guidelines on the recognition of the legal parent-child relationship –as happens already with regard to adoption.
It’s Not About Their Citizenship, it’s About Ours
Authors: Paskalev Vesco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractToday’s rush to strip terrorist suspects of their citizenship should arouse suspicion. One is easily tempted to think that we are living in extraordinarily dangerous times, which warrant a return to what the US Supreme Court considered to be ‘cruel punishment’ half a century ago. Yet as a matter of statistics, and despite our contrary impressions, violence of all kinds in the world is actually declining. On the other hand, the capacity of law enforcement agencies for surveillance and control, especially in the OECD countries, has increased dramatically, so the return to practices which have long been abandoned is difficult to justify. This is not to say that that citizenship is a sacred cow and any return to abandoned practices is excluded by some historic laws of human progress. But it does follow that the proponents of banishment must provide a more subtle justification than we have seen so far.
Beware States Piercing Holes into Citizenship
Authors: Gibney Matthew J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt is possible to imagine carefully fashioned cases where denationalisation seems a morally appropriate response as long as a range of guarantees are met. However, while this realisation might help us identify the terms on which the denationalisation of a particular individual is permissible, it tells us little about the broader consequences of piercing the norm of unconditional citizenship for punitive reasons. Once we are realistic about the political dangers of conceding to the state powers to withdraw citizenship, we’re brought back to a position compatible with Audrey Macklin’s ban on denationalisation.
Deprivation of Citizenship: Is There an Issue of EU Law?
Authors: Shaw Jo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this short intervention in the debate on The Return of Banishment initiated by Audrey Macklin, where the pros and cons of various forms of deprivation policies pursued by, or sought by, liberal states have been fully debated, is to add an element of EU law. Specifically, in the light of the judgments of the European Court of Justice in Rottmann and Ruiz Zambrano, how – if at all – are Member States’ laws and procedures on involuntary loss of citizenship affected by EU law, given that the primary competence to determine the rules on the acquisition and loss of citizenship remains with Member States?
The Separation of Territory and State: a Digital French Revolution?
Authors: Al Tamimi Yussef 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe contributions on cloud communities and citizenship in this blog raise both hopes and fears. The reality of an idea initially as outlandish as citizens of a digital cloud is materialising as we ponder and debate its practices. Political theory and the law must attempt to keep up with these rapidly changing circumstances. This comment raises some questions regarding three assumptions in this debate: (1) Cloud states have no territory; (2) Cloud states cannot exert violence; (3) Cloud state membership is based on choice.
A computational study of laminar-flow secondary separation on a slender delta wing
Authors: Jones I. P. , Riley N. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe laminar flow over a slender delta wing at incidence has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically using vortex sheet methods. These vortex sheet methods have generally been successful apart from the prediction of the secondary boundary-layer separation induced by the primary vortex. This paper revisits the problem using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and focusses on the effects of the secondary flow separation. The modelling approach is briefly summarised, and the results are compared with flow measurements and results from vortex sheet methods. The computations show very good agreement with measurements for the surface pressures and total head contours. The results help to understand the complex structure of the leading edge vortex flow, and the associated secondary separation of the boundary layer. They indicate that inviscid mechanisms dominate the larger scale features, and highlight a possible mechanism for the development of an instability in the leading edge vortex sheet.
Using electron backscatter diffraction to measure full crystallographic orientation in Antarctic land-fast sea ice
Authors: WONGPAN PAT , PRIOR DAVID J. , LANGHORNE PATRICIA J. , LILLY KATHERINE , SMITH INGA J. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTWe have mapped the full crystallographic orientation of sea ice using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). This is the first time EBSD has been used to study sea ice. Platelet ice is a feature of sea ice near ice shelves. Ice crystals accumulate as an unconsolidated sub-ice platelet layer beneath the columnar ice (CI), where they are subsumed by the advancing sea–ice interface to form incorporated platelet ice (PI). As is well known, in CI the crystal preferred orientation comprises dominantly horizontalc-axes, while PI hasc-axes varying between horizontal and vertical. For the first time, this study shows thea-axes of CI and PI are not random. Misorientation analysis has been used to illuminate the possible drivers of these alignments. In CI the misorientation angle distribution from random pairs and neighbour pairs of grains are indistinguishable, indicating the distributions are a consequence of crystal preferred orientation. Geometric selection during growth will develop thea-axis alignment in CI if ice growth in water is fastest parallel to thea-axis, as has previously been hypothesised. In contrast, in PI random-pair and neighbour-pair misorientation distributions are significantly different, suggesting mechanical rotation of crystals at grain boundaries as the most likely explanation.
Body mass but not wing size or symmetry correlates with life span of honey bee drones
Authors: Czekońska K. , Szentgyörgyi H. , Tofilski A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn social insects such as the honey bee, the quality of drones at the time of their emergence can affect their maintenance in the colony until maturity. Body mass, wing size and wing asymmetry of emerging honey bee drones were measured and correlated with their life span in the colony and compared between individuals reaching maturity or not. The life span of drones differed among colonies in which they were maintained after emergence but not between colonies in which they were reared. More drones heavier at emergence reached sexual maturity at 15 days and had a longer life span compared with light-weight drones of lower mass. The size and symmetry of drone forewings was not correlated with their life span. Our results suggest that body mass at emergence is a good predictor of drone survival in the colony.
A mixed-methods study of tailor-made animated cartoons in teaching punctuation in EFL writing
Authors: Bakla Arif 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDespite their potential benefits, teacher-created animated cartoons have not found much room in second-language (L2) research, probably due to some technical challenges involved in creating them. This paper reports the findings of a mixed-methods embedded experimental study, designed to test the impact of tailor-made animated cartoons on the correct use of common punctuation rules in English. The participants were 112 Turkish-first language (L1) learners of English, assigned to either the treatment or control group through random cluster sampling. The instructional materials in the treatment group included teacher-created animated cartoons, exercises designed using SCORM-compliant software, and a forum for discussions in Moodle. The participants in the control group, on the other hand, used PowerPoint presentations (PPTs) instead of animated cartoons and completed the same follow-up activities. Quantitative results suggested that the treatment and control groups’ post-test and late post-test scores significantly differed in favour of the former. Moreover, qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and document analysis revealed that the participants, especially those in the treatment group, viewed this learning experience highly positively. The findings globally imply that tailor-made animated cartoons might facilitate the learning of punctuation and help raise students’ awareness of it.
Efficiency of different incubation systems for the in vitro production of bovine embryos
Authors: Cavalcanti Camila M. , Campelo Iana S. , Silva Mirelly M.A.S. , Albuquerque João V.S. , Melo Luciana M. , Freitas Vicente J.F. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis study aimed to compare the efficiency of different incubation systems for in vitro embryo production in bovine. Oocytes/embryos were cultured in three incubators: conventional – CONV, mini bench – MINI and portable – PORT. After in vitro maturation (IVM), oocytes were verified for maturation rate. The remaining structures were submitted to in vitro fertilization and culture to verify cleavage (day 2) and blastocyst (day 7) rates. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated in post-IVM oocytes and embryos (days 2 and 7) using arbitrary fluorescence units (AFUs). No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed for maturation rate. The CONV system (74.0%) produced the highest cleavage rate (P<0.05) when compared with PORT (59.5%), but similar (P>0.05) to MINI (65.0%). The same pattern and differences were observed for blastocyst rate: CONV (33.3%), MINI (32.3%) and PORT (21.9%). ROS levels were not different (P>0.05) in post-IVM oocytes: CONV (35.6±4.5), MINI (29.4±4.0) and PORT (35.6±4.5). For day-2 embryos, ROS levels were higher (P<0.05) in MINI (44.2±3.1) in comparison with CONV (27.7±3.7) and PORT (33.3±3.2). No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in blastocysts. In conclusion, although it produced high ROS levels at day 2 of culture, the MINI system was as efficient as the CONV system for blastocyst production. This option may be an interesting and economical for the in vitro embryo industry.
Trends in sweetened beverages consumption among adults in the Brazilian capitals, 2007–2016
Authors: Figueiredo Natasha , Maia Emanuella Gomes , Silva Luiza Eunice Sá da , Granado Fernanda Serra , Claro Rafael Moreira 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse trends in sweetened beverages consumption among adults in Brazil between 2007 and 2016.DesignA time-series analysis, with data from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). The prevalence of regular consumption (≥5 d/week), the average daily consumption (millilitres) and the prevalence of non-consumption of these beverages were analysed. The temporal variations of the indicators were calculated by linear regression. The analyses were performed for the complete set of the evaluated population and stratified by sociodemographic characteristics.SettingBrazilian capitals and Federal District.SubjectsBrazilian adults aged ≥18 years (n 519 641).ResultsThere was a reduction in both regular and average daily consumption of sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages (−1·28 percentage points (pp)/year, P=0·001 and −9·63 ml/year, P=0·001, respectively). The same result regarding regular consumption was found when only sugar-sweetened beverages were analysed (−1·11 pp/year, P=0·011). Similar trends were identified in the stratified analyses, with a greater magnitude of reduction among males, young adults, those with higher schooling and residents of more developed regions. Coincidentally, there was an increase in the prevalence of adults who did not consume sweetened beverages (1·54 pp/year, P=0·005).ConclusionsThe consumption of sweetened beverages decreased during the period. However, a significant portion of the population still referred a daily consumption of these beverages.
Diffraction of the H-polarized plane wave by a finite layered graphene strip grating
Authors: Kaliberda Mstislav E. , Lytvynenko Leonid M. , Pogarsky Sergey A. , Roiuk Mariia P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe scattering of the H-polarized plane electromagnetic wave by a finite multilayer graphene strip grating is considered. The properties of the whole structure are obtained from the set of integral equations, which are written in the operator form. The scattering operators of a single layer are used and supposed to be known. Scattering and absorption characteristics as well as diffraction patterns are presented.