bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respon Al-Qurâ€™an Terhadap Legalitas Kaum LGBT
Authors: Nafisah Mamluatun 
Published: September 2019

In the reality of social life, there are so diverse communities with a variety of social life backgrounds, including LGBT groups. Many people who assess variously about the existence of LGBT, both from academics, activists of feminism and society in general. This difference is caused by a different perspective on the LGBT community regarding whether human sexual orientation that leads to homosexuality is something that is natural, or constructed by cultural aspects? This paper aims to find out how the Al-Quran responds to the legality of LGBT people with the Tafsir Maudhu'i approach. This approach was carried out in order to gain a full understanding of LGBT legality. In the Koran, it is explained that Allah created human beings in pairs (azwaj)> In another verse it is also mentioned, where the word pair is clarified with the next words, dzakr (male) and camel (female) (QS. An-Najm [53]: 45 and al-Qiyamah [75]: 39). This shows, while at the same time breaking the assumption of some people who understand the meaning of zauj with a gender partner (social sex).
Keyword: LGBT, Sexual behavior, Sexual orientation
Abstrak
Dalam realitas kehidupan sosial, ada begitu beragam masyarakat dengan berbagai latar belakang kehidupan sosialnya, termasuk di dalamnya kelompok LGBT. Banyak kalangan yang menilai secara beragam tentang keberadaan LGBT, baik dari kalangan akademisi, pegiat feminisme maupun masyarakat pada umumnya. Perbedaan ini disebabkan cara pandang yang berbeda terhadap komunitas LGBT mengenai apakah orientasi seksual manusia yang mengarah ke homoseksual merupakan sesuatu yang bersifat fitrah, atau dikonstruk oleh aspek budaya? Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bagaimana respon Al-Quran terhadap legalitas kaum LGBT dengan pendekatan Tafsir Maudhuâ€™i. Pendekatan ini dilakukan supaya mendapatkan pemahaman secara utuh terhadap legalitas LGBT. Dalam al-Quran dijelaskan bahwa Allah menciptakan manusia dengan berpasang-pasangan (azwaj), supaya diantara keduanya merasa tenang dan tentram. Di ayat lain juga disebutkan, dimana kata berpasangan diperjelas dengan kata-kata berikutnya, dzakr (laki-laki) dan untsa (perempuan) (QS. an-Najm [53]: 45 dan al-Qiyamah [75]: 39). Ini menunjukkan, sekaligus mematahkan anggapan sebagian orang yang memahami makna zauj dengan pasangan gender (jenis kelamin sosial).
Kata Kunci: LGBT, Perilaku seksual, Orentasi seksual
Multi-drug Resistant Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing E. coli and Salmonella on Raw Vegetable Salads Served at Hotels and Restaurants in Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Sanjeep , Adhikari Sanjib , Pandey Asmita , Khadka Sujan , Adhikari Madhuri , Kandel Hemraj , Pathak Sandhya , Pandey Asmita 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance among bacteria present in ready-to-eat foods like vegetable salads is an emerging concern today. The current study was undertaken to investigate the presence of multi-drug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli and Salmonella spp. in raw vegetable salads served at hotels and restaurants in Bharatpur. A total of 216 salad samples were collected from three different grades of hotels/restaurants and examined for the presence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in Microbiology laboratory of Birendra Multiple Campus by conventional microbiological techniques. Out of 216 samples, 66 samples (35.2%) showed presence of Salmonella spp. whereas E. coli was recovered from 29(13.4%) samples of which 3 samples harbored E. coli O157: H7. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that 9(13.6%) Salmonella and 4(13.8%) E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant. Total ESBL producers reported were 5(7.57%) Salmonella and 4(13.8%) E. coli . The study also assessed a significant association between occurrence of E. coli and Salmonella with grades of hotels/restaurants, personal hygiene and literacy rate of chefs and with type of cleaning materials used to wash knives and chopping boards (p<0.05). The findings suggest immediate need of attention by concerned authorities to prevent emergence and transmission of food-borne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance.
Digital analysis of shaping ability and topographic changes in M and C wire rotary NiTi systems.
Authors: Aziz Amr Khaled Abd El 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The primary outcome of this study intends to assess the Shaping ability and surface topographic changes of the 2 rotary Nickel Titanium systems: A) One Curve (Micro Méga, Besançon, France)B) ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland)What's new in the study is the use of AutoCAD program to assess the shaping ability of both instruments, after using them in a standerdized conditions to evalute the minor differences between the two different alloys used in each instrument.While the secondary outcome of this study is to evaluate the instruments after multiple uses under the SEM to detect any abberrations or deformetiesin the instruments to detect its points of strength and weaknesses.The study is planned for one year and it is not expected to be more than that according to the sample size and the availabilty of the tools needed for the trial.
Tal2 is a major virulence factor in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum Xss-V2-18
Authors: Haq Fazal , Shah Syed Mashab Ali , Xie Shiwang , Xuan Huangkun , Ma Wenxiu , Cai LuLu , Xu Xiameng , Xu Zhengyin , Wang Sai , Zou Lifang , Zhu Bo , Chen Gongyou 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Bacterial blight of cotton (BBC), which is incited by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), is a destructive disease in cotton. Transcription activator-like (tal) effectors (TALEs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of xanthomonads; however, TALEs have not been well-investigated in the Xcm – cotton interaction.Results In this study, we identified six tal genes in Xcm Xss-V2-18, a highly-virulent strain from China, and assessed their roles in BBC. RFLP-based Southern hybridization assays indicated that Xss-V2-18 harbors the six tal genes on a plasmid. The plasmid-encoded tal genes were isolated by cloning BamHI fragments and screening clones by colony hybridization. The tal genes were sequenced by inserting a Tn5 transposon in the DNA encoding the central repeat region of each tal gene. Phylogenetically the TALEs in Xss-V2-18 show close similarity to the TALEs in Xcm strains MSCT1 and MS14003 from the United States. Tal2 in Xss-V2-18 differs from Tal6 and Tal26 in MSCT1 and MS14003, respectively, at two repeat variable diresidues (RVDs) indicates that they are functionally different. The suicide vector pKMS1 was then used to construct tal deletion mutants in Xcm Xss-V2-18. The mutants were evaluated for pathogenicity in cotton based on symptomology and growth in planta. Four mutants showed attenuated virulence and all contained mutations in tal2. One tal2 mutant designated M2 was further investigated in complementation assays. When tal2 was introduced into Xcm M2 and expressed in trans, the mutant was complemented for both symptoms and growth in planta, thus indicating that tal2 functions as a virulence factor in Xcm Xss-V2-18.Conclusions Overall, the results demonstrated that Tal2 is a major pathogenicity factor in Xcm Xss-V2-18 that contributes significantly in BBC. This study provides a foundation for future efforts aimed at identifying susceptibility genes in cotton that are targeted by Tal2.
Reasons for no good embryos in the IVF/ICSI cycle: A retrospective analysis.
Authors: Chu Kun , Shu Jing , Zhang Ling , Li Wen , Xu Weihai 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to clarify related factors of no good quality embryos in IVF/ICSI cycle so as to improve the IVF/ICSI outcome. Methods: Data of Day 3 embryos and patients of 2518 cycles from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed in this study. A binary logistic regression model was conducted to examine the factors which led to no good quality embryo in one cycle.Results: The incidence of no good quality embryo in one cycle was 13.3%. Number of oocytes, fertilization methods, stimulation protocol, and fertilization rate were significant in logistic regression analysis. Further analysis showed significant correlations between increasing intracellular fragmentation and the following parameters: number of oocytes, fertilization rate, and infertility diagnosis; slow growing embryos: number of oocytes, fertilization rate, and fertilization methods; embryos with asymmetric cleavage: number of oocytes, fertilization rate, fertilization methods, female age, and male age; compound causes: number of oocytes, fertilization rate, infertility duration, stimulation protocol, and fertilization methods.Conclusions: The results suggested that gamete poor quality is the main reason for the embryo quality decline, which underlines the importance to improve gamete quality and eventually the fertility outcome in clinical practice.
Intimate partner violence against pregnant women in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Lalem Menber , Menber Nigist 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Abstract Background: Though underestimated, intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in Ethiopia is among the highest in the world. The overall aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and forms of intimate partner violence during pregnancy, associated factors, and recommendations to reduce the act. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 25 to February 15, 2018 in government health facilities, North West Ethiopia. Married women who seek antenatal care service were participated in the study. Ethical clearance and approval was obtained from Amhara Regional Health Bureau research and publication committee. Informed consent was obtained from women and facility managers before collecting the data. Odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI was computed to determine the presence and strength of association between the outcome of interest and key independent variables. Results: Nearly half (46.4%) of the study participants were victims of at least one episodes of intimate partner violence in the recent pregnancy. Psychological violence 141 (44.2%) was the most common form of violence encountered followed by sexual violence 137 (42.9%). Significant proportion of women were insulted, forced to have sex, pushed/shoved, kicked/beaten, and slapped/thrown something at them (30.1 - 39.4 %) in the recent pregnancy. Lack of formal education, arranged marriages, lack of decision-making autonomy in household matters and wider spousal age difference were significantly associated with intimate partner violence. Conclusions: Higher proportion of pregnant women experienced intimate partner violence. Sociodemographic factors were associated with intimate partner violence. We suggest interventions focusing on education for raising community awareness through different strategies. Strengthening health facilities is also important to early identify and manage pregnant women with intimate partner violence, and prevent adverse birth outcomes of the act.
Safety and utility of pulmonary function tests: a retrospective study from a single center over seven years’ clinical practice
Authors: Li Fei , Huang Zhi-wen , Xu Huiwen , Yu Hua , Chen Yan-bin , Huang Jian-an , Wang Jia-jia , Wang Xiao-fei , Lei Wei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background To promote the utilization of pulmonary function tests (PFT) through analyzing the data of PFT during the past seven years in one large teaching hospital in China.Methods Through a retrospective analysis, the allocation of full-time staff in PFT room, the demographic characteristics of patients, cost-effectiveness of PFT, positive rate and failure rate of PFT, adverse events were analyzed.Results 1) From 2012 to 2018, the numbers of PFT showed the trend of escalation year by year. The proportion of patients receiving PFT rose from 29.0/10000 in 2012 to 34.7/10000 in 2018. The best allocation of PFT room was 20-25/ person / day. 2) The number of PFT provided by Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) accounted for 97.2%, 97.1%, 97.3%, 97.8%, 97.8%, 98.0%, and 98.2% of the total cases of outpatient PFT in the same year. The top three departments in the inpatient department were Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, and Department of Urinary Surgery, the total cases of PFT in these three departments accounted for 65.1%, 64.4%, 62.1%, 63.5%, 62.4%, 65.3% and 69.1% of the total cases of inpatient PFT in the same year. 3) Data from 2018 showed that the revenue from PFT was about 3.7 million Chinese Yuan, and that the salary of personnel and expenditure on machine maintenance and wear were about 800,000 Chinese Yuan. 4) 58.2% of the patients who had undergone PFT had ventilatory dysfunction. 5) The average failure rate of PFT in the past seven years was 1.91%. 6) The main adverse events of PFT examination were dizziness, amaurosis, limb numbness, lip numbness and falls. The incidence rates were 0.49%, 0.42%, 0.41%, 0.39%, 0.44%, 0.48%, and 0.45% respectively, with an average of 0.44%.Conclusion The number of PFT showed an upward trend in the past seven years, and the optimal staffing of PFT room was 20-25 cases per person per day. The positive rate of pulmonary dysfunction was 58.2%. The failure rate of PFT and the incidence of adverse events were very low, suggesting it is a simple and safe clinical examination. It's worthy of further popularization and promotion.
Sociocultural factors contributing to waterpipe tobacco smoking among young women: a qualitative study in Iran
Authors: Makvandi Zeinab , Mostafavi Firoozeh , Bashirian Saeed , Zamani-Alavijeh Fereshteh , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is currently a serious and growing public health threat in the world, especially in adolescents and young women. The aim of the study was to explore sociocultural factors contributing to WTS among young women in Iran.Methods This qualitative study was conducted from August 2017 to January 2019 in Isfahan and Hamadan cities, Iran; it included 13-30-year-old females with experience of WTS. For data collection, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted at participants’ preferred time and place. Concurrent with data collection, data were analyzed through conventional content analysis.Findings In total, 34 main participants with mean (SD) age of 22.97(4.89) years and eight auxiliary participants with mean (SD) age of 34 (9.95) years participated in the present study. Sociocultural factors contributing to WTS were categorized into four main categories of waterpipe glamorization by its producers and sellers, media advertisement or silence, common sociocultural traditions, and governmental policies and regulations.Conclusion WTS among young women in Iran is affected by a wide range of sociocultural factors. Therefore, interdisciplinary multidimensional strategies are needed for WTS management and prevention among young women. Public education, strict supervision of tobacco import, export, and selling, ample employment opportunities for young people and effective leisure time management are essential to reduce WTS.
The Burden of Illness in Patients with Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS) in the United Kingdom
Authors: Soran Handrean , Stevenson Michael , Hubbard Brant , Jones Richard , Issa Basil 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare genetic disorder associated with a deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity, which is characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia, recurrent abdominal pain and episodes of acute pancreatitis. Investigation of Findings and Observations Captured in Burden of Illness Survey in FCS Patients (IN-FOCUS) assessed the impact of FCS on patient quality of life (QoL) and quantified the burden of illness attributable to FCS for 166 patients in 10 countries. Given the lack of data to support value-based treatment of FCS in the United Kingdom (UK), a prespecified sub analysis of respondents from the UK was performed to evaluate country-specific experiences for patients with FCS and any associated outcomes. Methods: A web-based survey captured information on diagnostic experience, symptoms, comorbidities, disease management, and impact on multiple life dimensions from adults living with FCS. Results: Twenty respondents from the UK completed the survey. Three-quarters indicated that FCS limits their life and significant time and energy is required to manage their FCS. Respondents reported moderate physical symptoms 1–3 times every 2 weeks, all respondents reported worrying about their FCS getting worse with age and 85% worrying about the long-term impact of FCS on their health. Only 3 respondents (15%) reported working full-time,53% of respondents reported that their diminished employment was largely or entirely due to FCS. Furthermore, 90% of respondents reported restricting their dietary fat consumption to an extreme degree and 75% reported using fasting to help manage the symptoms of FCS, suggesting a level of overcompensation. Only one of five women reported a pregnancy. The UK data was largely consistent with the overall study, except for an increased prevalence of worry and differences in disease management. Conclusions: FCS is associated with an ongoing physical and emotional burden that negatively impacts QoL for patients in the UK. Attempts to self-manage FCS may increase the burden of disease. Results from the UK sub analysis are consistent with the overall cohort of IN-FOCUS in suggesting that increased disease awareness and improved management strategies for FCS are required.
Factors Associated With Loss-to-follow-up Of Hiv-positive Mothers And Their Infants Enrolled In Hiv Care Clinic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mpinganjira Samuel Lawrent , Tchereni Timothy , Gunda Andrews , Mwapasa Victor 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background In Malawi, loss to follow-up (LTFU) greatly contributes to sub-optimal retention (74%) of HIV-positive (HIV+) women initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy under Option B+ strategy. This threatens Malawi’s efforts to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV. We investigated factors associated with LTFU among Mother-Infant Pairs (MIP). Methods We conducted a qualitative study, nested within the “Promoting Retention Among Infants and Mothers Effectively (PRIME)” study, a 3-arm cluster randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of strategies for improving retention of MIPs in HIV care in Salima and Mangochi districts, Malawi. From July to December 2016, we traced 19 LTFU women and conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) with them and also with 30 healthcare workers (HCWs) from health facilities where the LTFU women were receiving care. Recorded interviews were transcribed and translated and, then, analysed using deductive content analysis. Results The following reasons were reported contributing to LTFU: lack of support from husbands or family members; long distance to health facilities; food insecurity; community-level stigma; ART side effects; perceived good health after taking ART and adoption of other alternative treatment options. Conclusion Our study has found multiple factors at personal, family, community and health system level which contribute to poor retention of MIPs in HIV care. Key words PRIME, PMTCT, eMTCT, loss to follow up, mother-infant pairs, Option B+
Youth Working in Tobacco Farming: Effects on Smoking Behavior and Health
Authors: Perez-stable Eliseo J , Alderete Ethel , Livaudais-Toman Jennifer , Kaplan Celia , Gregorich Steven E. , Mejía Raúl 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Cultivation of tobacco leaf raises concerns about detrimental occupational health and social consequences especially for youth, but tobacco producing countries only highlight economic benefits. We examined sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of underage youth working in tobacco farming and assessed the effects of tobacco farming on smoking behavior and health at one year.Methods We used existing data collected in the province of Jujuy, Argentina where 3188 youth 13 to 17 years of age from a random middle school sample responded to longitudinal questionnaires in 2005 and 2006. Multivariate logistic regression models predicted association of tobacco farming work with smoking behavior and health status at one year.Results 22.8% of youth in the tobacco growing areas of the province were involved in tobacco farming. The mean age of initiation was 12.6 years. Tobacco farming was associated with higher rates of fair or poor versus good or excellent self-perceived health (30.3% vs. 19.0%), having a serious injury (48.5% vs. 38.5%), being injured accidentally by someone else (7.5% vs. 4.6%), being assaulted (5.5% vs. 2.6%), and being poisoned by exposure to chemicals (2.5% vs. 0.7%). Youth working in tobacco farming had higher prevalence of ever (67.9% vs. 55.2%), current (48.0% vs. 32.6%) and established smoking (17.8% vs. 9.9%). In multivariate logistic regression (MLR) models tobacco farming in 2005 significantly increased the likelihood of serious injury (OR=1.4; 95%CI 1.1-2.0), accidental injury by someone else (OR=1.5; 95% 1.0-2.1), assault (OR=2.2; 95% CI 1.3-3.8), poisoning by exposure to chemicals (OR=2.5; 95% CI 1.2-5.4), in the same year. Tobacco farming in 2005 predicted established smoking one year later (OR=1.5; 95% CI 1.1-2.0).Conclusion Youth who work in tobacco faming face a challenging burden of adversities that increase their vulnerability. Risk assessments should guide public policies to protect underage youth working in tobacco farming. (297 words)
Analysis of structural variants in four African Cichlids highlights an association with developmental and immune related genes
Authors: Dolfin Luca Penso , Man Angela , Mehta Tarang , Haerty Wilfried , Palma Federica Di 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background. African Lakes Cichlids are one of the most impressive example of adaptive radiation. Independently in Lake Victoria, Tanganyika, and Malawi, several hundreds of species arose within the last 10 million to 100,000 years. Whereas most analyses in Cichlids focused on nucleotide substitutions across species to investigate the genetic bases of this explosive radiation, to date, no study has investigated the contribution of structural variants (SVs) to speciation events and adaptation to different ecological niches. Results. Here, we annotate and characterize the repertoires and evolutionary potential of different SV classes (deletion, duplication, inversion, insertions and translocations) in four Cichlid species: Haplochromis burtoni, Metriaclima zebra, Neolamprologus brichardi and Pundamilia nyererei. We investigate the patterns of gain and loss evolution for each SV type, enabling the identification of lineage specific events. Both deletions and inversions show a significant overlap with SINE elements, while inversions additionally show a limited, but significant association with DNA transposons. Inverted regions are enriched for genes regulating behaviour, or involved in skeletal and visual system development. We also find that duplicated regions show enrichment for genes associated with “antigen processing and presentation” and other immune related categories. Our pipeline and biological results were further tested by PCR validation of selected deletions and inversions, which confirmed respectively 7 out of 10 and 6 out of 9 events. Conclusions. Altogether, we provide the first, comprehensive overview of rearrangement evolution in East African Cichlids, and some important insights into their likely contribution to adaptation.