bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of diabetic retinopathy in mainland China
Authors: Zhong Yifan , Wu Jinyang , Yue Song , Zhang Guisen , Liu Lei , Chen Lei 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in adults of working age. Although existing systematic reviews of the prevalence of DR for mainland China have been reported, but several studies have been newly reported. Further some potential factors for DR are still discrepant and inconclusive. The aim of current research is to identify relevant literature regarding the prevalence of DR and DR-related factors in mainland China. In addition, we will project the number of individuals affected with DR in mainland China in years 2030 and 2050.

Methods:
This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. To identify publications in English or Chinese languages on the prevalence of DR in mainland China, a comprehensive step-by-step search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, VIP Chinese Periodical, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases will be performed. Two reviewers will independently review the studies for eligibility according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies will be evaluated according to the National Health Institute Quality Assessment tool and Quality Assessment Manual. A random-effect model (DerSimonian-Laird method) will be used for the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity and publication bias among studies will be estimated by the I
2 statistic and Begg funnel plot, respectively.

Results:
This systematic review study will provide an evidence of prevalence, risk factors, and national burden for DR in mainland China.

Conclusion:
The study will give an explicit evidence to provide preventative measures of DR.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018094565.
Epidemiology of playground equipment related/unrelated injuries to children
Authors: Suh Dongbum , Jung Jin Hee , Chang Ikwan , Lee Jin Hee , Jung Jae Yun , Kwak Young Ho , Kim Do Kyun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The aim of study was to understand the epidemiology of playground injury and to find the factors related to the clinically significant injuries. This retrospective observational study enrolled children (age 0–18 years old) who visited the emergency departments (ED) of 6 hospitals in Korea.
We obtained and analyzed the data from the ED injury surveillance system, which was supported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control. Clinically significant injury (Cs injury) was defined as the injuries that caused hospital admission for more than one day. The factors associated with injury and clinical outcome were compared between admitted and discharged patient groups. Multivariable logistic regression and the population attributable fraction were used to identify significant factors for hospitalization.
A total of 1458 patients were enrolled. The proportion of patients who visited ED due to injuries unrelated to the playground equipment use was 57.8%. The majority of Cs injury was upper extremity fractures (68.1%). The risk factors for admission were the 6- to 11-year old age group (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.3–25.0) and public playground (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.3); the population attributable factor of these factors was 51.3% and 36.0%, respectively.
This study shows that approximately 60% of the patients visited ED due to injury unrelated to the playground equipment use. The risk factors of Cs injuries were ages 6 to 11 and public playgrounds. The results of the study can be helpful to formulate the prevention policy against playground injury.
Sepsis-induced Takotsubo syndrome in young premenopausal women
Authors: Wang Fan , Wen Wei 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) most commonly occurs in postmenopausal women who have been exposed to a triggering event such as acute physical or emotional distress. Sepsis-induced TTS in young premenopausal women were rarely reported. In particular, the relationship between sepsis-induced TTS and sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) remains to be illuminated.

Patient concerns:
Two young premenopausal women were admitted to the hospital with sepsis and myocardial involvement.

Diagnosis:
Both patients fully met the Mayo Clinic criteria for TTS.

Interventions:
Both patients received anti-infection and fluid infusion treatment.

Outcomes:
Both patients were discharged without complications and the follow-up ultrasonic echocardiography showed normal results.

Lessons:
In this report, we describe 2 young premenopausal women with sepsis-induced TTS. There is an overlap between sepsis-induced TTS and SIC, and SIC could be a special type of TTS, which occurs under the stress of sepsis.
ED50 and ED95 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine for parturients undergoing cesarean section with prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine
Authors: Xu Wenping , Xiao Fei , Zhang Yinfa , Liu Lin , Chang Xiangyang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background:
Studies have reported that the ED50 of intrathecal ropivacaine was increased when using prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine to prevent spinal-induced hypotension. However, ED95 is more meaningful to clinical practice than ED50. Therefore, we conducted this study to determine the 95% effective dose (ED95) of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean section in parturients receiving prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine to prevent spinal-induced hypotension.

Methods:
A hundred of healthy parturients undergoing elective cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, dose-ranging study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 7, 9, 11, 13 or 15 mg intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine respectively. The prophylactic phenylephrine infusion (50 μg/min) was initiated immediately at the same time of spinal injection. Successful spinal anesthesia was defined as a T5 sensory level achieved within 10 min after intrathecal drug administration and no epidural supplement was required during the surgery. The ED95 was calculated with Probit analysis.

Results:
The ED95 of intrathecal ropivacaine with 5 μg sufentanil for successful anesthesia was 15.2 mg (95%CI, 13.5–18.8 mg), when receiving prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine.

Conclusion:
Under the conditions of the present study, the ED95 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine for successful spinal anesthesia for cesarean section in healthy parturient receiving prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine was 15.2 mg.
Nivolumab therapy for lung cancer with tracheo-parenchymal fistula
Authors: Yamasaki Masahiro , Daido Wakako , Funaishi Kunihiko , Kawamoto Kazuma , Matsumoto Yu , Matsumoto Naoko , Taniwaki Masaya , Ohashi Nobuyuki , Hattori Noboru 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Tracheobronchial fistulas are rare complications in lung cancer patients. These lesions are associated with a high rate of mortality caused by infection and bleeding, and there is no consensus on a definitive optimal therapy.

Patient concerns and diagnoses:
The patient was a 59-year-old man with a right lung mass showing mediastinal invasion and tracheal compression, diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, cT4N0M0, stage IIIA. He was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel, and the lesion markedly shrunk. Eleven months later, the lesion showed regrowth, and he underwent repeated chemotherapy for stabilization of the lesion. Thirty-six months after the first regrowth, the tumor showed regrowth again. The patient was then administered docetaxel and bevacizumab as fifth-line therapy. After 11 cycles of docetaxel and bevacizumab therapy, a tracheo-parenchymal fistula appeared.

Interventions and outcomes:
Docetaxel and bevacizumab therapy was stopped, and nivolumab therapy was initiated. Subsequently, the fistula and cavity became stable with slight shrinkage. To date, the patient is alive with no complaints and no disease progression and has continued nivolumab for a total of 28 months.

Lessons:
Immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy involving nivolumab therapy might be a useful alternative for the treatment of lung cancer involving a tracheobronchial fistula.
A highly aggressive invasive ductal carcinoma from a complex cystic breast mass and BI-RADS assessment
Authors: Li Yixuan , Peng Yulan , He Xin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
The term cystic breast lesions is a sonographic diagnosis, which can be categorized as simple, complicated or complex. The complex cysts are deemed as having a low risk of breast cancer. The highly aggressive invasive ductal carcinomas among complex cysts, in particular, are infrequent reported.

Patient concerns:
A 56-year-old female with a breast complex cyst who, after fine-needle aspiration, complained about oozing with fluid as well as skin ulceration that did not heal.

Diagnoses:
An advanced HER-2-enriched invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed.

Interventions:
The patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy of anti-HER-2 target drug, palliative surgery and following postoperative chemotherapy.

Outcomes:
The patient was in good general condition at 6 months follow-up after surgery.

Lessons:
Meticulous ultrasound evaluation of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category is crucial and indispensable when a complex cyst is found. The radiologist and clinician should be fully awake to its possibility of malignancy, especially fast-growing one in post-menopausal women. Excision biopsy may be preferred for diagnosis.
The prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou He , Huang Tao , Xiong Yongfu , Peng Linglong , Wang Rong , Zhang Guang jun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background:
A number of studies have attempted to determine the prognostic significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), but the reports are controversial and inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the value of PCNA in CRC prognosis.

Methods:
A systematic search of relevant studies was performed in 4 electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science until February 2018. Hazard ratios (HRs) combined with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to evaluate the relationship of PCNA expression with overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results:
A total of 1372 CRC patients in 14 studies were identified eventually in our meta-analysis. The pooled HRs demonstrated that CRC patients with high PCNA expression was significantly correlated with poor OS (HR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.51–2.17; P = .000), CSS (HR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.04–3.79; P = .037); but not significantly with DFS (HR = 2.48; 95% CI: 0.98–6.26; P = .055). Sensitivity analysis showed the pooled HRs for OS, CSS, and DFS were stable when the included studies were removed one by one.

Conclusion:
Our meta-analysis suggested that high PCNA expression was associated with poor prognosis, and it could serve as a reliable and prognostic biomarker in CRC patients. More large-scale studies are needed to further support the conclusion.
Improving Patient Experience and Treatment Adherence in the Adult, Outpatient Hemodialysis Population
Authors: Saunders Jessica , Ahmadzadeh Shahram , Bush Margaret , Wright Robin , Granger Bradi 
Published: December 2018

Background:
The commonly employed medication reconciliation process leaves room for mismanagement of medications in the complex end-stage renal disease patient population.

Purpose:
The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement and evaluate a multidisciplinary education and feedback intervention designed to improve self-management for adults with end-stage renal disease.

Methods:
A pre-post, same subject repeated measures design was used to evaluate the intervention. Laboratory values, vital signs, interdialytic weight gains, dialysis attendance, and questionnaires were used to assess regimen adherence.

Results:
We observed improvements in patient outcomes including laboratory values, vital signs, and interdialytic weight gains. Significant improvements in process outcomes were also seen, including accuracy of medication lists, dialysis attendance, and use of remote pharmacy services.

Conclusions:
A comprehensive medication review, with concurrent pharmacist access, represents a time-effective approach to improved self-management and end-stage renal disease outcomes.
Pregnancy in Women With a History of Uterine Rupture
Authors: Frank Zoë C. , Caughey Aaron B. 
Published: December 2018

Importance
With increased rates of primary and repeat cesarean deliveries, the potential for uterine rupture and management of women with a history of uterine rupture has also increased. Taking care of a pregnant woman with a prior uterine rupture requires understanding of the risks, the need for additional surveillance, and the limitations of our knowledge about how rupture affects subsequent pregnancies.

Objective
The aims of this study were to review the literature on pregnancy after uterine rupture and to summarize the evidence to help the obstetrician care for a pregnant woman with a history of uterine rupture.

Evidence Acquisition
Evidence for this review was acquired using PubMed.

Conclusions
Pregnancy after uterine rupture carries a risk of spontaneous repeat rupture before the onset of labor and of repeat rupture during early labor. Elective cesarean delivery before the onset of labor is the safest strategy to prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, more research is needed to better inform risk estimates and to guide management of pregnant women with a history of uterine rupture.

Relevance
Obstetricians will increasingly be caring for women who have experienced uterine rupture and subsequently become pregnant.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, the learner should be better able to summarize the evidence regarding risk of spontaneous recurrent rupture and of recurrent rupture in labor in women pregnant after a prior uterine rupture; formulate an evidence-based plan for the care of a patient pregnant after a prior uterine rupture; and recognize factors that may modify the risk of rupture recurrence and interpret the evidence regarding their interaction with risk.
Effect of Macrolide Prophylactic Therapy on AIDS-Defining Conditions and HIV-Associated Mortality
Authors: Pasayan Mark Kristoffer U. , S. Mationg Mary Lorraine , Boettiger David , Lam Wilson , Zhang Fujie , Ku Stephane Wen-Wei , Merati Tuti Parwati , Chaiwarith Romanee , Cuong Do Duy , Yunihastuti Evy , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Van Kinh Nguyen , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Sun Ly Penh , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Kantipong Pacharee , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Pujari Sanjay , Heng Sim Benedict Lim , Ng Oon Tek , Choi Jun Yong , Tanuma Junko , Ross Jeremy , A. Ditangco Rossana ,   on behalf of the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) of IeDEA Asia-Pacific
Published: December 2018

Background:

Mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis is recommended for patients with advanced HIV infection. With the decrease in incidence of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection and the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the benefits of macrolide prophylaxis were investigated. This study examined the impact of macrolide prophylaxis on AIDS-defining conditions and HIV-associated mortality in a cohort of HIV-infected patients on ART.

Methods:
Patients from TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (September 2015 data transfer) aged 18 years and older with a CD4 count <50 cells/mm3 at ART initiation were included. The effect of macrolide prophylaxis on HIV-associated mortality or AIDS-defining conditions (as a combined outcome) and HIV-associated mortality alone were evaluated using competing risk regression. Sensitivity analysis was conducted in patients with a CD4 <100 cells/mm3 at ART initiation.

Results:
Of 1345 eligible patients, 10.6% received macrolide prophylaxis. The rate of the combined outcome was 7.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.04 to 8.95] per 100 patient-years, whereas the rate of HIV-associated mortality was 3.14 (95% CI: 2.35 to 4.19) per 100 patient-years. Macrolide use was associated with a significantly decreased risk of HIV-associated mortality (hazard ratio 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.80, P = 0.031) but not with the combined outcome (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% CI: 0.32 to 2.229, P = 0.764). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results among patients with a CD4 <100 cells/mm3 at ART initiation.

Conclusions:
Macrolide prophylaxis is associated with improved survival among Asian HIV-infected patients with low CD4 cell counts and on ART. This study suggests the increased usage and coverage of macrolide prophylaxis among people living with HIV in Asia.
Tonotopy of the mammalian cochlea is associated with stiffness and tension gradients of the hair cell’s tip-link complex
Authors: Tobin Mélanie , Michel Vincent , Michalski Nicolas , Martin Pascal 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTFrequency analysis of sound by the cochlea relies on sharp frequency tuning of mechanosensory hair cells along a tonotopic axis. To clarify the underlying biophysical mechanism, we have investigated the micromechanical properties of the hair cell’s mechanoreceptive hair bundle in the rat cochlea. We studied both inner and outer hair cells, which send nervous signals to the brain and amplify cochlear vibrations, respectively. We find that tonotopy is associated with gradients of stiffness and resting mechanical tension, with steeper gradients for outer hair cells, emphasizing the division of labor between the two hair-cell types. We demonstrate that tension in the tip links that convey force to the mechano-electrical transduction channels increases at reduced Ca2+. Finally, we reveal tonotopic gradients in stiffness and tension at the level of a single tip link. We conclude that intrinsic mechanical gradients of the tip-link complex help specify the characteristic frequency of the hair cell.
Id proteins promote a cancer stem cell phenotype in triple negative breast cancer via negative regulation of Robo1
Authors: Teo Wee S. , Holliday Holly , Karthikeyan Nitheesh , Cazet Aurélie S. , Roden Daniel L. , Harvey Kate , Konrad Christina Valbirk , Murali Reshma , Varghese Binitha Anu , P. T. Archana , Chan Chia-Ling , McFarland Andrea , Junankar Simon , Ye Sunny , Yang Jessica , Nikolic Iva , Shah Jaynish S. , Baker Laura A. , Millar Ewan K.A. , Naylor Mathew J. , Ormandy Christopher J. , Lakhani Sunil R. , Kaplan Warren , Mellick Albert S. , O’Toole Sandra A. , Swarbrick Alexander , Nair Radhika 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBreast cancers display phenotypic and functional heterogeneity and several lines of evidence support the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in certain breast cancers, a minor population of cells capable of tumor initiation and metastatic dissemination. Identifying factors that regulate the CSC phenotype is therefore important for developing strategies to treat metastatic disease. The Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 (Id1) and its closely related family member Inhibitor of Differentiation 3 (Id3) (collectively termed Id) are expressed by a diversity of stem cells and are required for metastatic dissemination in experimental models of breast cancer. In this study, we show that ID1 is expressed in rare neoplastic cells within ER-negative breast cancers. To address the function of Id1 expressing cells within tumors, we developed two independent murine models of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) in which a genetic reporter permitted the prospective isolation of Id1+cells. Id1+cells are enriched for self-renewal in tumorsphere assaysin vitroand for tumor initiationin vivo. Conversely, depletion of Id1 and Id3 in the 4T1 murine model of TNBC demonstrates that Id1/3 are required for cell proliferation and self-renewalin vitro, as well as primary tumor growth and metastatic colonization of the lungin vivo. Using combined bioinformatic analysis, we have defined a novel mechanism of Id protein function via negative regulation of the Roundabout Axon Guidance Receptor Homolog 1 (Robo1) leading to activation of a Myc transcriptional programme.
Emergent wetland vegetation data recording: Does an optimal period exist?
Authors: Jenačković Dragana D. , Lakušić Dmitar , Zlatković Ivana , Jušković Marina , Ranđelović N. Vladimir 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsCertain parts of the growing season have been proposed as optimal for recording relevant relevés of forests and dry grasslands and so the monitoring of these vegetation types has become more time‐ and cost‐effective. We investigated whether it is possible to propose an optimal period during the year for making relevant relevés of emergent wetland vegetation.LocationMarshlands of the central Balkan Peninsula.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐five permanent vegetation plots were investigated in three distinct time periods: spring, summer and autumn. In order to identify the communities, cluster analyses were carried out, and diagnostic species for each cluster were determined. The potential for temporal change of the communities regarding the species and life form composition was assessed using PERMANOVA and NMDS analyses. The Friedman test was used to assess the significance of seasonal change in the communities regarding their species richness, recordability and Shannon diversity.ResultsThe level of floristic similarity among the 11 phytocoenoses analyzed significantly varied over the growing season while the composition in terms of their diagnostic species remained unchanged. The majority of the communities showed statistically significant seasonal changes in the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the vegetation, life form composition and cover. Although different communities expressed significant modifications in these parameters between different pairs of seasons, all of them showed changes in the mentioned parameters between spring and autumn. The degree of intra‐annual variation in the species richness, species recordability and Shannon diversity was low in almost all phytocoenoses.ConclusionsSummer is the optimal period for recording most of the species from the total list of the communities developed on hydrologically stable habitats, while spring is more appropriate for making relevés on periodically inundated habitats. The sampling time has negligible impact on the classification of associations but it could have important implications for the classification of higher‐ranked syntaxonomic units of the class Phragmito‐Magnocaricetea.