bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental care for people with cognitive impairment in the hospital setting: A study combining positive organisational scholarship and video‐reflexive ethnography
Authors: Collier Aileen , De Bellis Anita , Hosie Annmarie , Dadich Ann , Symonds Tamsin , Prendergast Justin , Rodrigues Jade , Bevan Alan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo clarify how high‐quality fundamentals of care for people with dementia and/or delirium were practised in a specialist geriatric evaluation and management unit.BackgroundOlder people with cognitive impairment represent a significant number of people who are admitted to hospital. They are at increased risk of dying, readmission and long hospital stays, relative to those without cognitive impairment. There is an urgent need to elucidate the conditions that underpin safe and high‐quality fundamental care for these patients and their families.MethodsUsing the innovative methodologies of positive organisational scholarship in healthcare and video‐reflexive ethnography, this 18‐month study was conducted within an inpatient geriatric evaluation and management unit for people with dementia and/or delirium in South Australia. Patients, family members and staff members (managerial, clinical and nonclinical) participated by allowing researchers to document ethnographic fieldwork notes and film their practices and/or accounts thereof; and/or interpreting digital recordings with researchers in order to make sense of data in a process of co‐analysis. This study is reported using Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research reporting guidelines.ResultsHigh‐quality fundamental care for people with dementia and/or delirium in hospital and their families was associated with the special space of the hospital unit; an aptitude for people with dementia; a capacity to translate person‐centred fundamentals of care from rhetoric to reality; and an appreciation for teamwork.ConclusionThis study clarified how teams working in hospital can practise high‐quality fundamentals of care for older people with dementia and/or delirium. Delivery of high‐quality fundamental care in this setting was dependent, not only on nurses, but the entire ward team working cohesively in a “weave of commitment.”Relevance to clinical practiceEfforts to improve fundamental care for people with cognitive impairment need to encompass values and philosophy of person‐centred care, including the contributions by all staff to care delivery.
Personality, disability‐free life years, and life expectancy: Individual participant meta‐analysis of 131,195 individuals from 10 cohort studies
Authors: Jokela Markus , Airaksinen Jaakko , Virtanen Marianna , Batty G. David , Kivimäki Mika , Hakulinen Christian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe examined how personality traits of the Five Factor Model were related to years of healthy life years lost (mortality and disability) for individuals and the population.MethodParticipants were 131,195 individuals from 10 cohort studies from Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States (n = 43,935 from seven cohort studies for the longitudinal analysis of disability, assessed using scales of Activities of Daily Living).ResultsLower Conscientiousness was associated with higher mortality and disability risk, but only when Conscientiousness was below its median level. If the excess risk associated with low Conscientiousness had been absent, population life expectancy would have been 1.3 years longer and disability‐free life 1.0 years longer. Lower emotional stability was related to shorter life expectancy, but only among those in the lowest 15% of the distribution, and disability throughout the distribution: if the excess risk associated with low emotional stability had been absent, population life expectancy would have been 0.4 years longer and disability‐free life 2.4 years longer.ConclusionsPersonality traits of low Conscientiousness and low emotional stability are associated with reduced healthy life expectancy of individuals and population.
The Role of Departmental Thought Worlds in Shaping Escalation of Commitment in New Product Development Projects
Authors: Weeth Alexander , Prigge Jana‐Kristin , Homburg Christian 
Published: September 2019

The debate over whether and how thought worlds of different departments (especially marketing and research and development [R&D]) affect managers' decision‐making behavior in new product development (NPD) is ongoing. A key challenge of these decisions is to deal with deteriorating NPD projects, which are often subject to escalation of commitment (EoC), with many firms wasting billions of dollars by throwing good money after bad NPD projects. However, understanding departmental thought worlds and their role for EoC in NPD could help firms stop this profusion. Thus, this research provides answers to the question of how thought worlds affect managers' tendency toward EoC in NPD decision‐making—both in general and under certain project characteristics. To do so, we conducted four studies based on real‐life scenarios with 460 highly experienced NPD managers from marketing and R&D, thus ensuring high validity and reliability. Our research is the first to explore the impact of thought worlds on EoC, thereby detecting that the importance of managers' thought worlds for shaping EoC varies with the NPD project's characteristics. Thus, depending on the specific project situation, different types of managers may be more or less capable of making proper NPD decisions. Moreover, results show that belief updating serves as a respective key mediator. Doing so enriches the theory by showing that managers' thought worlds can substantially influence a major mechanism (i.e., belief updating) of coping with cognitive dissonance. Finally, post hoc tests reveal departmental differences in EoC behavior between marketing and R&D that vary with a project's characteristics. These results imply that firms need to carefully consider who is in charge of making decisions on NPD project continuance in different project situations.
Mental health nurses’ understandings and experiences of providing care for the spiritual needs of service users: A qualitative study
Authors: Elliott Ruth , Wattis John , Chirema Kathleen , Brooks Joanna 
Published: September 2019

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Addressing spiritual issues to maintain a sense of hope, meaning and purpose can be an important aspect of mental health care which goes beyond simply providing facilities for religious observance. Expressions of spiritual need from service users can potentially be confused with symptoms of mental ill health. Little is known about how mental health nurses understand or provide this aspect of care for service users.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

An understanding from the mental health nurse perspective of how mental health nurses understand and care for service users’ spiritual needs, and what influences their practice in this area.

Ideas about how education and opportunities for good practice in this area might be advanced.

What are the implications for practice?

Nurses need more education and guidance as well as supportive team and management cultures so that they feel comfortable and able to deliver this important aspect of care.

AbstractIntroductionMental health nurses have a professional obligation to attend to service users’ spiritual needs, but little is known about specific issues related to provision of care for spiritual need faced by mental health nurses or how nurses understand this aspect of care and deliver it in practice.Aim/QuestionTo explore mental health nurses’ ́understandings of spiritual need and their experiences of delivering this care for service users.MethodA qualitative study was conducted in one NHS mental health service. Interviews were undertaken with seventeen mental health nurses practising in a variety of areas.ResultsFour themes were generated from thematic analysis of data in the template style: Expressing personal perspectives on spirituality; Expressing perspectives on spirituality as a nursing professional; Nursing spiritually; and Permeating anxiety (integrative).DiscussionParticipants had complex understandings of spiritual need and evident anxieties in relation to this area of care. Two different approaches to nursing spiritually are characterised as (a) pragmatic (concerned with procedural aspects of care) and (b) spiritually empathetic. Mental health nurses were uncertain about the acceptability of attention to spiritual issues as part of care and anxious about distinguishing between symptoms of mental ill health and spiritual needs.Implications for practiceEducational experiences need to emphasise both pragmatic and empathetic approaches, and work needs to be organised to support good practice.
Reef‐building coralline algae from the Southwest Atlantic: filling gaps with the recognition of Harveylithon (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) on the Brazilian coast
Authors: Costa Iara Oliveira , Jesus Priscila Barreto de , de Jesus Tiana da Silva , Souza Poline dos Santos , Horta Paulo Antunes , Nunes José Marcos de Castro 
Published: September 2019

The Southwest Atlantic is notable for having extensive reef areas cemented by nongeniculate coralline red algae. Based on an analysis of four genetic markers and morpho‐anatomical features, we clarify the species of Harveylithon in the tropical and warm temperate Southwest Atlantic. Species delimitation methods (mBGD, ABGD, SPN, and PTP), using three markers (psbA, rbcL, and COI), support the recognition of three new species: H. catarinense sp. nov., H. maris‐bahiensis sp. nov., and H. riosmenum sp. nov., previously incorrectly called Hydrolithon samoënse. Our findings highlight the importance of using an approach with several lines of evidence to solve the taxonomic status of the cryptic species.
Development of sleep–wake rhythms during the first year of age
Authors: Paavonen E. Juulia , Morales‐Muñoz Isabel , Pölkki Pirjo , Paunio Tiina , Porkka‐Heiskanen Tarja , Kylliäinen Anneli , Partonen Timo , Saarenpää‐Heikkilä Outi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCircadian rhythms refer to biological rhythms that have an endogenous period length of approximately 24 hr. However, not much is known about the variance in the development of the sleep–wake rhythm. The study objectives were (a) to describe the normative variation in the development of a sleep–wake rhythm in infancy, (b) to assess whether slower development is related to sleep quality and (c) to evaluate factors that are related to the slower development of a sleep–wake rhythm. The study is based on a representative birth cohort. Questionnaires at the ages of 3 (n = 1,427) and 8 months (n = 1,302) and actigraph measurement at 8 months (n = 372) were available. Infants with significant developmental delays (n = 11) were excluded. The results are based on statistical testing and multivariate modelling. We found that the average percentage of daytime sleep was 36.3% (standard deviation [SD], 8.5%) at 3 months and 25.6% (SD, 6.6%) at 8 months. At both time‐points, infants with slower sleep–wake rhythm development slept more hours per day, had a later sleep–wake rhythm, more difficulties in settling to sleep and longer sleep‐onset latency; they also spent a longer time awake during the night. According to actigraph registrations, we found that the infants with slow development of a sleep–wake rhythm slept less and had a later start and end to night‐time sleep than the other infants. Infants’ sleep–wake rhythm development is highly variable and is related to parent‐reported and objectively measured sleep quality and quantity. Interventions to improve the sleep–wake rhythm might improve sleep quality in these infants.
Hybridization between two parapatric ranid frog species in the northern Sierra Nevada, California, USA
Authors: Peek Ryan A. , Bedwell Mallory , O'Rourke Sean M. , Goldberg Caren , Wengert Greta M. , Miller Michael R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractContact zones between species provide a unique opportunity to test whether taxa can hybridize or not. Cross‐breeding or hybridization between closely related taxa can promote gene flow (introgression) between species, adaptation, or even speciation. Though hybridization events may be short‐lived and difficult to detect in the field, genetic data can provide information about the level of introgression between closely related taxa. Hybridization can promote introgression between species, which may be an important evolutionary mechanism for either homogenization (reversing initial divergence between species) or reproductive isolation (potentially leading to speciation). Here, we used thousands of genetic markers from nuclear DNA to detect hybridization between two parapatric frog species (Rana boyliiandRana sierrae) in the Sierra Nevada of California. Based on principal components analysis, admixture, and analysis of heterozygosity at species diagnostic SNPs, we detected two F1 hybrid individuals in the Feather River basin, as well as a weak signal of introgression and gene flow between the frog species compared with frog populations from two other adjacent watersheds. This study provides the first documentation of hybridization and introgression between these two species, which are of conservation concern.
Genetic drift during the spread phase of a biological invasion
Authors: Bélouard Nadège , Paillisson Jean‐Marc , Oger Adrien , Besnard Anne‐Laure , Petit Eric J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent theoretical and experimental models have revealed the role played by evolution during species spread, and in particular have questioned the influence of genetic drift at range edges. By investigating the spread of an aquatic invader in patchy habitats, we quantified genetic drift and explored its consequences for genetic diversity and fitness. We examined the interplay of gene flow and genetic drift in 36 populations of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, in a relatively recently invaded wetland area (30 years, Brière, northwest France). Despite the small spatial scale of our study (15 km2), populations were highly structured according to the strong barrier of land surfaces and revealed a clear pattern of colonization through watercourses. Isolated populations exhibited small effective sizes and low dispersal rates that depended on water connectivity, suggesting that genetic drift dominated in the evolution of allele frequencies in these populations. We also observed a significant decrease in the genetic diversity of isolated populations over only a 2‐year period, but failed to demonstrate an associated fitness cost using fluctuating asymmetry. This study documents the possible strong influence of genetic drift during the spread of a species, and such findings provide critical insights into the current context of profound rearrangements in species distributions due to global change.
Host plant‐related genomic differentiation in the European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi
Authors: Bakovic Vid , Schuler Hannes , Schebeck Martin , Feder Jeffrey L. , Stauffer Christian , Ragland Gregory J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractElucidating the mechanisms and conditions facilitating the formation of biodiversity are central topics in evolutionary biology. A growing number of studies imply that divergent ecological selection may often play a critical role in speciation by counteracting the homogenising effects of gene flow. Several examples involve phytophagous insects, where divergent selection pressures associated with host plant shifts may generate reproductive isolation, promoting speciation. Here, we use ddRADseq to assess the population structure and to test for host‐related genomic differentiation in the European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (L., 1758) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This tephritid is distributed throughout Europe and western Asia, and has adapted to two different genera of host plants, Prunus spp. (cherries) and Lonicera spp. (honeysuckle). Our data imply that geographic distance and geomorphic barriers serve as the primary factors shaping genetic population structure across the species range. Locally, however, flies genetically cluster according to host plant, with consistent allele frequency differences displayed by a subset of loci between Prunus and Lonicera flies across four sites surveyed in Germany and Norway. These 17 loci display significantly higher FST values between host plants than others. They also showed high levels of linkage disequilibrium within and between Prunus and Lonicera flies, supporting host‐related selection and reduced gene flow. Our findings support the existence of sympatric host races in R. cerasi embedded within broader patterns of geographic variation in the fly, similar to the related apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella, in North America.
City life alters the gut microbiome and stable isotope profiling of the eastern water dragon (Intellagama lesueurii)
Authors: Littleford‐Colquhoun Bethan L. , Weyrich Laura S. , Jackson Nicola , Frere Celine H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUrbanisation is one of the most significant threats to biodiversity, due to the rapid and large‐scale environmental alterations it imposes on the natural landscape. It is, therefore, imperative that we understand the consequences of and mechanisms by which, species can respond to it. In recent years, research has shown that plasticity of the gut microbiome may be an important mechanism by which animals can adapt to environmental change, yet empirical evidence of this in wild non‐model species remains sparse. Using an empirical replicated study system, we show that city life alters the gut microbiome and stable isotope profiling of a wild native non‐model species – the eastern water dragon (Intellagama lesueurii) in Queensland, Australia. City dragons exhibit a more diverse gut microbiome than their native habitat counterparts and show gut microbial signatures of a high fat and plant rich diet. Additionally, we also show that city dragons have elevated levels of the Nitrogen‐15 isotope in their blood suggesting that a city diet, which incorporates novel anthropogenic food sources, may also be richer in protein. These results highlight the role that gut microbial plasticity plays in an animals' response to human‐altered landscapes.
Combination of β‐(1, 3)‐D‐glucan testing in serum and qPCR in nasopharyngeal aspirate for facilitated diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Authors: Desoubeaux Guillaume , Chesnay Adélaïde , Mercier Victor , Bras‐Cachinho José , Moshiri Parastou , Eymieux Sébastien , De Kyvon Marie‐Alix , Lemaignen Adrien , Goudeau Alain , Bailly Éric 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundCurrently, the biological diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PjP infection) usually relies on microbiological investigations in bronchial‐alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by conventional staining methods and/or molecular biology. However, bronchial‐alveolar lavage is sometimes complicated to manage, especially in weakened patients. Therefore, alternative clinical samples—easier to collect—are warranted in such specific contexts.ObjectiveOver a four‐year period, diagnostic performance of an original method based on combination of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) with measurement of β‐(1, 3)‐D‐glucan antigen (BDG) in serum was prospectively assessed in a single centre.Patients/methodsResults were compared with those obtained in BALF through direct staining methods and qPCR. True positives were defined by an independent committee based on clinical, radiological and biological data. Overall, 48 individuals with a definitive diagnosis of PjP infection were included, and 48 controls were selected upon matching for age, sex and underlying disease(s).ResultsqPCR results were strongly correlated between BALF and NPA (P < .0001). Altogether, greater diagnostic performance was achieved when establishing the positive cut‐off of BDG antigen at 143 pg/mL. In such conditions, sensitivity of the testing based on either positive BDG measurement or positive qPCR in NPA was then calculated at 93.75%, 95%CI [82.37%‐98.40%], and specificity at 97.87%, 95%CI [87.66%‐100.00%].ConclusionsFurther validation through multicentre studies is now required, especially for establishing clear cut‐offs. However, one could already state that combination of qPCR in the NPA with BDG measurement in serum may be a valuable substitute for BALF examination.
Towards a rapid identification and a novel proteomic analysis for dermatophytes from human and animal dermatophytosis
Authors: Tartor Yasmine H. , Abo Hashem Marwa E. , Enany Shymaa 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundSince accurate identification of dermatophyte species is essential for epidemiological studies and implementing antifungal treatment, overcoming limitations of conventional diagnostics is a fruitful subject.Objectives and methodsIn this study, we investigated real‐time polymerase chain reaction(q‐PCR), matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and nano‐electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (nano‐ESI‐MS) to detect and identify the most frequently isolated dermatophytes from human and animal dermatophytosis in comparison with conventional methods.ResultsAmong 200 samples, the identified species were Microsporum canis (78.22%), Trichophyton verrucosum (10.89%) and T. mentagrophytes (5.94%). Q‐PCR assay displayed great execution attributes for dermatophytes detection and identification. Using MALDI‐TOF MS, M. canis, but none of T. violacium, T. verrucosum or T. mentagrophytes, could be identified. Nano‐ESI‐MS accurately identified all species. The potential virulence attributes of secreted proteases were anticipated and compared between species. Secreted endoproteases belonging to families/subfamilies of metalloproteases, subtilisins and aspartic protease were detected. The analysed exoproteases are aminopeptidases, dipeptidyl peptidases and carboxypeptidases. Microsporum canis have three immunogenic proteins, siderophore iron transporter mirB, protease inhibitors, plasma membrane proteolipid 3 and annexin.ConclusionIn essence, q‐PCR, MALDI‐TOF MS and nano‐ESI‐MS assays are very nearly defeating difficulties of dermatophytes detection and identification, thereby, supplement or supplant conventional diagnosis of dermatophytosis.
Recovery college as a transition space in the journey towards recovery: An Australian qualitative study
Authors: Muir‐Cochrane Eimear , Lawn Sharon , Coveney John , Zabeen Sara , Kortman Brenton , Oster Candice 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecovery colleges are formal learning programs that aim to support people with a lived experience of mental illness. In this study, we aimed to explore the experiences of participants in a pilot recovery college that opened in Adelaide, South Australia, in 2016. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted involving interviews with learners (n = 8) and focus groups with lived experience facilitators (course facilitators with a lived experience of mental illness, n = 5), Clinician facilitators (mental health service staff facilitators, n = 4), and care coordinators (staff providing case management support, n = 5). Three main themes (hope, identity, and the recovery college as a transition space) and two subthemes (recovery college experience and outcomes) were identified. The results showed that the recovery college provided a transition space for shifting learners' identities from patient to student, facilitated by the experiences and outcomes of the recovery college, providing hope for the future. This study highlights the importance of providing mentally healthy and non‐stigmatizing learning environments to promote and cement recovery for people with a lived experience of mental illness.