bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Path to More Enduring Happiness: Take a Detour from Specific Emotional Goals
Authors: Rodas Maria A. , Ahluwalia Rohini , Olson Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2018

Although much of consumption behavior is prompted by the pursuit of happiness, enduring happiness remains elusive, since happiness is destined to adaptation. Our research identifies a novel yet simple method of slowing hedonic adaptation from consumption activities: reducing specificity of the happiness goal. We propose that in the realm of happiness, contrary to findings from other domains, having a general (e.g., feeling good) versus a specific (e.g., excitement) emotional goal might hold the key to more enduring happiness. One lab experiment and a longitudinal study demonstrate general (vs. specific) goals expand the breadth of emotions experienced from consumption activities, which in turn impact the top‐of‐mind awareness of the consumption target over time; higher top‐of‐mind awareness of the target allows one to continue to derive happiness from it. Importantly, the happiness advantage of general emotional goals strengthens over time. Given a significant tendency by consumers to pursue specific happiness goals (as three pilot studies reveal), a simple change in the way they formulate their happiness goals could be consequential for consumer wellbeing.
Tubular dentin sealer penetration after different final irrigation protocols: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study
Authors: Machado Ricardo , Cruz Alessandra Timponi Goes , de Araujo Bianca Marques de Mattos , Klemz Adriane Antoniw , Klug Hellen Pontes , da Silva Neto Ulisses Xavier 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate tubular dentin sealer penetration, comparing different final irrigation protocols using a conventional needle (CONV), EndoActivator system (EAS), EndoVac system (EVS), and ultrasound (PUI). Initially, fifty‐two first maxillary molars with a single canal in the palatal root, without abrupt curvatures, resorptive processes, or previous endodontic treatment were selected for this study. Then, the crowns were sectioned to obtain palatal roots 15 mm in length. The root canals were prepared with the ProTaper Universal System and irrigated with 5% NaOCl. Afterwards, the specimens were divided into four groups (n. 13), according to the final irrigation protocol: CONV, EAS, EVS, and PUI. After filling, slices at 3 mm and 5 mm from the apex were obtained for analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Two‐way comparisons between the groups and the levels were performed with Games Howell's test (p < .05). Tubular dentin sealer penetration was higher at 5 mm compared with 3 mm from the apex (p < .05). The EAS group showed a higher percentage of tubular dentin sealer penetration, compared with the CONV group, at both levels. At 3 mm, there was no statistically significant difference among EAS, EVS, and PUI; however, these groups showed better performance, compared with the CONV group. At 5 mm, there was no statistically significant difference between the EAS and EVS groups, but both showed higher sealer penetration than the PUI group (p < .05). The EAS and EVS groups achieved better degrees of tubular dentin sealer penetration, compared with the other groups.
Three‐dimensional visualization of rat retina by X‐ray differential phase contrast tomographic microscopy
Authors: Liu Xue‐Huan , Yin Hong‐Xia , Zhu Hua , Wang Zhen‐Tian , Zhao Peng‐Fei , Lv Han , Ding He‐Yu , Li Jing , Zhang Peng , Wang Zheng , Wang Peng , Wang Zhen‐Chang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe retina is one of the most tiny and sophisticated tissues of the body. Three dimensional (3D) visualization of the whole retina is valuable both in clinical and research arenas. The tissue has been predominantly assessed by time‐consuming histopathology and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in research and clinical arenas. However, none of the two methods can provide 3D imaging of the retina. The purpose of this study is to give a volumetric visualization of rat retina at submicron resolution, using an emerging imaging technique‐phase‐contrast X‐ray CT. A Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rat eye specimen was scanned with X‐ray differential phase contrast tomographic microscopy (DPC‐microCT) equipped at the Swiss Light Source synchrotron. After scanning, the specimen was subjected to routine histology procedures and severed as a reference. The morphological characteristics and signal features of the retina in the DPC‐microCT images were evaluated. The total retina and its sublayers thicknesses were measured on the DPC‐microCT images and compared with those obtained from the histological sections. The retina structures revealed by DPC‐microCT were highly consistent with the histological section. In this study, we achieved nondestructive 3D visualization of SD rat retina. In addition to detailed anatomical structures, the objective parameters provided by DPC‐microCT make it a useful tool for retinal research and disease diagnosis in the early stage.
F463L increases the potential of dofetilide on human ether‐a‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG) channels
Authors: Cheng Gong , Wu Jine , Han Wenqi , Sun Chaofeng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMutations in genes related to long QT syndrome (LQTS) is recognized as an independent risk of drug‐induced LQTS. We previously screened a mutation F463L in a Chinese patient with LQT2, syncope, and epilepsy. Here, we planned to illustrate how F463L influences the action of dofetilide on hERG channels. F463L‐hERG plasmids were transfected into the stable Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK293) cells expressing WT‐hERG to generate heterozygous mutant (WT + F463L‐hERG). Whole‐cell patch clamp and laser confocal scanning microscopy were used to evaluate electrophysiological consequences and the membrane distribution of hERG protein. In comparison of WT‐hERG channels exposed to dofetilide, heterozygous F463L‐hERG channels showed a reduction in the density of tail currents when exposed amidarone. F463L‐hERG also altered the action of dofetilide on the gating properties of hERG channels. Images of dofetilide‐treated cells expressing heterozygous F463L showed a severe retention and reduction of protein expression on the membrane compared to WT. In conclusion, dofetilide displays a powerful inhibitory effect on the currents from cells expressing heterozygous F463L, thus showing an additive suppression of currents by F463L with dofetilide.
Design, Preparation of 3‐Hydroxy Isoindolinone Cyclotripeptides, and the In Vitro Antitumor Activities Against Cervical Carcinoma HeLa Cells
Authors: Zhao Lishuang , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Hongyue , Li Wenting , Yue Qunfeng , Jin Yingxue 
Published: March 2018

Photoinduced single electron transfer cyclization processes for synthesis of a series of 3‐hydroxy isoindolinone cyclotripeptides containing double pharmacophores (cyclotripeptides and phthalimide moiety) are described to develop novel antitumor cyclopeptide drugs. The results showed that our proposed method could be used to synthesize various isoindolinone cyclotripeptides highly regioselectively at a moderate rate. Moreover, the inhibitory potency toward human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells of the target cyclopeptides and the linear tripeptide precursors were evaluated, and most of the compounds were observed with potent inhibition ability against tumor growth. Specifically, compound 6c was found to inhibit HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 32 μM, which may serve as a potential candidate for drug development. In addition, 3‐hydroxy isoindolinone‐cyclo‐Gly‐Ala‐Pro (6a1) was chosen from the obtained cyclopeptides for the absolute configuration research, and an S configuration of C‐3 was established by experimental electronic circular dichroism with the aid of theoretical calculations.
An update on the biophysical character of the human eukaryotic elongation factor 1 beta: Perspectives from interaction with elongation factor 1 gamma
Authors: Achilonu Ikechukwu , Elebo Nnenna , Hlabano Babongiwe , Owen Gavin R. , Papathanasopoulos Maria , Dirr Heini W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe β‐subunit of the human eukaryotic elongation factor 1 complex (heEF1β) plays a central role in the elongation step in eukaryotic protein biosynthesis, which essentially involves interaction with the α‐ and γ‐subunits (eEF1γ). To biophysically characterize heEF1β, we constructed 3 Escherichia coli expression vector systems for recombinant expression of the full length (FL‐heEF1β), N‐terminus (NT‐heEF1β), and the C‐terminus (CT‐heEF1β) regions of the protein. Our results suggest that heEF1β is predominantly alpha‐helical and possesses an accessible hydrophobic cavity in the CT‐heEF1β. Both FL‐heEF1β and NT‐heEF1β form dimers of size 62 and 30 kDa, respectively, but the CT‐heEF1β is monomeric. FL‐heEF1β interacts with the N‐terminus glutathione transferase‐like domain of heEF1γ (NT‐heEF1γ) to form a 195‐kDa complex or a 230‐kDa complex in the presence of oxidized glutathione. On the other hand, NT‐heEF1β forms a 170‐kDa complex with NT‐heEF1γ and a high molecular weight aggregate of size greater than 670 kDa. Surface plasmon resonance analysis confirmed that (by fitting the Langmuir 1:1 model) FL‐heEF1β associated with monomeric or dimeric NT‐heEF1γ at a rapid rate and slowly dissociated, suggesting strong functional affinity (KD = 9.6 nM for monomeric or 11.3 nM for dimeric NT‐heEF1γ). We postulate that the N‐terminus region of heEF1β may be responsible for its dimerization and the C‐terminus region of heEF1β modulates the formation of an ordered heEF1β‐γ oligomer, a structure that may be essential in the elongation step of eukaryotic protein biosynthesis.
Radiomics strategy for glioma grading using texture features from multiparametric MRI
Authors: Tian Qiang , Yan Lin‐Feng , Zhang Xi , Zhang Xin , Hu Yu‐Chuan , Han Yu , Liu Zhi‐Cheng , Nan Hai‐Yan , Sun Qian , Sun Ying‐Zhi , Yang Yang , Yu Ying , Zhang Jin , Hu Bo , Xiao Gang , Chen Ping , Tian Shuai , Xu Jie , Wang Wen , Cui Guang‐Bin 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAccurate glioma grading plays an important role in the clinical management of patients and is also the basis of molecular stratification nowadays.Purpose/HypothesisTo verify the superiority of radiomics features extracted from multiparametric MRI to glioma grading and evaluate the grading potential of different MRI sequences or parametric maps.Study TypeRetrospective; radiomics.PopulationA total of 153 patients including 42, 33, and 78 patients with Grades II, III, and IV gliomas, respectively.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T MRI/T1‐weighted images before and after contrast‐enhanced, T2‐weighted, multi‐b‐value diffusion‐weighted and 3D arterial spin labeling images.AssessmentAfter multiparametric MRI preprocessing, high‐throughput features were derived from patients' volumes of interests (VOIs). The support vector machine‐based recursive feature elimination was adopted to find the optimal features for low‐grade glioma (LGG) vs. high‐grade glioma (HGG), and Grade III vs. IV glioma classification tasks. Then support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were established using the optimal features. The accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the grading efficiency.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐test or a chi‐square test were applied on different clinical characteristics to confirm whether intergroup significant differences exist.ResultsPatients' ages between LGG and HGG groups were significantly different (P < 0.01). For each patient, 420 texture and 90 histogram parameters were derived from 10 VOIs of multiparametric MRI. SVM models were established using 30 and 28 optimal features for classifying LGGs from HGGs and grades III from IV, respectively. The accuracies/AUCs were 96.8%/0.987 for classifying LGGs from HGGs, and 98.1%/0.992 for classifying grades III from IV, which were more promising than using histogram parameters or using the single sequence MRI.Data ConclusionTexture features were more effective for noninvasively grading gliomas than histogram parameters. The combined application of multiparametric MRI provided a higher grading efficiency. The proposed radiomic strategy could facilitate clinical decision‐making for patients with varied glioma grades.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1518–1528
Exploration of male urethral sphincter complex using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)‐based fiber‐tracking
Authors: Sinha Shantanu , Sinha Usha , Malis Vadim , Bhargava Valmik , Sakamoto Kyoko , Rajasekaran Mahadevan 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundUrinary incontinence is a major clinical problem arising primarily from age‐related degenerative changes to the sphincter muscles. However, the precise anatomy of the normal male sphincter muscles has yet to be established. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may offer a unique insight into muscle microstructure and fiber architecture.PurposeTo explore the anatomy of the urethral sphincter muscles pertinent to urinary continence function using DT‐MRI.Study TypeProspective cohort study.SubjectsEleven normal male subjects (mean age: 25.4 years); two subjects were scanned in three separate sessions to assess reproducibility.Field Strength/Sequence3T; using a diffusion‐weighted spin echo planar sequence.AssessmentDT parameters including fractional anisotropy (FA), primary (λ1), secondary (λ2), and tertiary (λ3) eigenvalues, Apparent diffusion coefficient and radial diffusivity were analyzed statistically, while tracked muscle fibers were assessed visually.Statistical TestsRegional differences (sphincters and longitudinal muscle of the urethra) in the DTI indices were assessed by one‐way analysis of variance. A Tukey post‐hoc test was used to identify significant differences between muscle regions.ResultsTwo sphincter muscles, one proximal near the base of the bladder, corresponding to the lisso‐sphincter, and the other distal to the end of the prostate corresponding to the rhabdo‐sphincter, surrounding a central urethral muscle fiber bundle, were clearly identified. FA was higher and λ3 lower in the proximal sphincter muscle compared to the central urethral muscle and the distal sphincter (P < 0.05). The average coefficient of variation ranged from 5–12% for the DTI indices.Data ConclusionSince DTI values are known to reflect underlying tissue microarchitecture, significant differences in DTI indices identified here between the muscles of the urethral complex may potentially arise from differences in tissue microarchitecture that may in turn be related to the specific function of the sphincter and other muscles.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1002–1011.
Investigation on the optimal implantation site and setting of Reveal LINQ® avoiding interference with performance of transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Tada Shizuka , Shibata Masayoshi , Ohno Seiko , Haruki Yasunobu , Murakami Hironori , Hotta Daisuke , Nojima Masanori , Ruhnke Gregory W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal implantation site of a new implantable cardiac monitor (ICM) named Reveal LINQ® may be limited based on a sufficient amplitude of R wave potential (AEP) acquisition because it is the same anatomic area used for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).MethodsAmong 18 healthy volunteers, we assessed AEPs in 3 combinations through parasternal placement of 2 electrodes, (i) in the 4th intercostal space (ICS; site A/setting a; A/a), (ii) the same setting in the 5th ICS (site B/setting a; B/a), and (iii) in a sagittal plane relative to the left sternal border at the 4th ICS (site A/setting b; A/b), and further measured AFPs in several body positions in all site‐setting combinations: supine, left and right lateral decubitus, sitting, and standing. The degree of interference with TTE performance was assessed by placement of an imitation ICM in setting a at both sites A and B.ResultsOnly the AEPs in A/a and B/a met the criteria (AEP ≥ 0.3 mV) in all positions. The AEPs in the supine position with all combinations were higher than those achieved in other positions (P < .001). The imitation interfered with TTE performance at site A among 78% of subjects, but only 17% at site B (P = .0006). The end‐diastolic dimension of the left ventricle at site A was decreased after the imitation placement (P = .028). At site B, all female subjects complained of discomfort because their brassieres overlaid the imitation.ConclusionThe B/a combination is optimal; however, the personal discomfort related to brassieres should be considered.
Raman spectroscopic study of six synthetic anhydrous sulfates relevant to the mineralogy of fumaroles
Authors: Košek F. , Culka A. , Jehlička J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFumaroles, vents that emit hot gases and vapor, are an accompanying phenomenon of volcanic activity. Such phenomena are also observed within the framework of self‐ignited burning coal seams and coal heap fires, if less commonly. The high temperatures and chemical reactions between the gas and solid phases are responsible for extensive alteration of surrounding rocks, resulting in mineral encrustations of unusual compositions. Rare anhydrous sulfates (millosevichite, mikasaite, efremovite, godovikovite, sabieite, and steklite) are signature minerals of fumarole encrustations. Comprehensive Raman data for these anhydrous phases are required for the successful identification of natural samples by Raman spectroscopy. Six synthetic equivalents of the natural anhydrous sulfates were prepared by heating of the hydrated analogues and were investigated using both a bench‐top Raman microspectrometer and a portable Raman spectrometer. This comparative approach can help further steps for the successful deployments of miniature Raman tools in situ under field conditions. The studied anhydrous sulfates displayed distinctive Raman spectra of their crystalline phases. Compared with their fully hydrated counterparts, a shifting of bands of the ν1 symmetric stretching mode was observed in the Raman spectra of all samples. Isostructural millosevichite and mikasaite have very distinctive Raman spectra; however, structurally related godovikovite, sabieite, and steklite show very similar spectral shapes. For ammonium‐bearing phases (efremovite, godovikovite, sabieite), the Raman signatures of the NH4 group were observable at >2,800 cm−1 and in the 1,400–1,800 cm−1 region. Our measurements show that the performance of a light‐weight portable Raman spectrometer with near infrared excitation was sufficient for the unambiguous discrimination of the investigated sulfates.
Polytetrafluoroethylene tape as a low‐cost hydrophobic substrate for drop‐coating deposition Raman spectroscopy of proteins
Authors: Smith James , Arnolds Heike 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHighly hydrophobic substrates are desirable for drop coating deposition Raman spectroscopy of proteins, because they concentrate the analyte during drying. Most of the commercial substrates used to date are comparatively expensive, whereas thiol or silane functionalisation of surfaces requires a degree of experience not available in a typical biology laboratory. Here, we show that polytetrafluoroethylene tape, commercially available as thread sealing tape, can be stretched across a washer to yield a highly hydrophobic surface, which is thin enough to produce only a very small Raman signal itself. We demonstrate that this simple substrate can be used to yield high‐quality spectra of biomolecules such as human insulin and lysozyme in both native and fibrillated forms.
Simple model of coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering signals generated by means of linearly chirped ultrashort Gaussian laser pulses
Authors: Marrocco M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTime and frequency dependences of coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) are here found analytically for the increasingly popular experimental approach where the Raman preparation and probing are realized by means of very short linearly chirped laser pulses. These are chosen with Gaussian lineshapes that, besides being rather common in ultrashort laser physics, guarantee full solution to the nonlinear scattering problem at hand. The solution appears rather simple in spite of the complications arising from the treatment of optical nonlinearities of different nature (dielectric susceptibility of the third order for the Raman medium and quadratic phases of three laser fields). The simplicity of the solution allows versatile applications that are here shown for different chirp effects in vibrational and purely rotational N2 CARS whose spectral complexity provides an excellent ground to test the model. The comparison with known experiments shows a good agreement except for some limitations imposed by deviations of the nonresonant CARS signal from the Gaussian structure assumed in the model.
Structural Analyses of Hydrated Crystals in Mixed Green Surfactant Systems: α‐Sulfonated Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Salt and Fatty Acid Soap Mixtures
Authors: Watanabe Hideaki , Morigaki Atsunori , Yuba Misako , Yamada Ken , Miyake Miyuki , Tobori Norio , Aramaki Kenji 
Published: March 2018

Abstractα‐Sulfonated fatty acid methyl ester salts (MES), synthesized from renewable plant resources, are an example of green surfactants used in eco‐friendly washing detergents because of their excellent detergent properties, biodegradability, and enzyme stability. Although various physicochemical properties of MES crystals and micelles have been studied, mixed systems composed of MES and other surfactants have not been well studied. We investigated the crystalline structures of hydrated solids in mixed systems containing MES and soaps, which have been utilized as detergents, using small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SWAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. The minimum dissolution temperature, determined by visual observation, of a 4:1 M ratio of the sodium salt of α‐sulfonated palmitic acid methyl ester (C16MES‐Na) and sodium palmitate (C16‐Na), is indicative of a eutectic mixture. SWAXS measurements reveal that C16MES‐Na and C16‐Na crystals are formed separately in this system. Eutectic mixtures were also observed for the C16MES‐Na/C16MES‐K (α‐sulfonated palmitic acid methyl ester potassium salt) system and in the C16MES‐K/C16‐Na system. Furthermore, in addition to C16MES‐K and C16‐Na crystals, C16MES‐Na crystals were also formed in the C16MES‐K/C16‐Na system, through counterion exchange during crystallization.
Overview on mitigation of acrylamide in starchy fried and baked foods
Authors: Baskar Gurunathan , Aiswarya Ravi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAcrylamide in fried and baked foods has the potential to cause toxic effects in animals and humans. A major challenge lies in developing an effective strategy for acrylamide mitigation in foods without altering its basic properties. Food scientists around the world have developed various methods to mitigate the presence of acrylamide in fried food products. Mitigation techniques using additives such as salts, amino acids, cations and organic acids along with blanching of foods have reduced the concentration of acrylamide. The use of secondary metabolites such as polyphenols also reduces acrylamide concentration in fried food products. Other mitigation techniques such as asparaginase pre‐treatment and low‐temperature air frying with chitosan have been effective in mitigating the concentration of acrylamide. The combined pre‐treatment process along with the use of additives is the latest trend in acrylamide mitigation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry