bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR‐27 alleviates myocardial cell damage induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation via targeting TGFBR1 and inhibiting NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Lian , An Bai‐Fu , Zhang Guang‐Cheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMiR‐27 prevents atherosclerosis by inhibiting inflammatory responses induced by lipoprotein lipase. Overexpression of miR‐27b attenuates angiotensin‐induced atrial fibrosis. Nevertheless, studies have rarely investigated on the effect of miR‐27 in cardiomyocyte injury. H9c2 cells were transfected with miR‐27 mimic/inhibitor. Then the cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay and the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The luciferase activity assay was utilized to analyze the relationship between miR‐27 and TGFBR1. Quantificational real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were utilized to detect the cardiomyocyte differentiation marker and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway. Our outcomes demonstrated that miR‐27 expression was downregulated cardiomyocyte injury subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Additionally, overexpression of miR‐27 could significantly alleviate cardiomyocyte injury by regulating cell activity and apoptosis. The luciferase activity assay confirmed that transforming growth factor ß receptor 1 (TGFBR1) is a direct hallmark of miR‐27. Besides, overexpression of miR‐27 promoted the expression of TGFBR1 in H/R model. After transfection with miR‐27 mimic/inhibitor, the expression of NF‐κB pathway‐related proteins was decreased/increased. Taken together, our data manifested that miR‐27 repressed cardiomyocyte injury induced by H/R via mediating TGFBR1 and inhibiting NF‐κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, miR‐27/ TGFBR1 might be utilized as hopeful biomarkers for myocardial ischemia diagnosis and treatment.
Myricetin Ameliorates Ethanol‐Induced Lipid Accumulation in Liver Cells by Reducing Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Guo Chang , Xue Guoqing , Pan Bei , Zhao Mengjie , Chen Si , Gao Jing , Chen Tong , Qiu Longxin 
Published: June 2019

ScopeAlcoholic liver disease is a serious threat to human health. The development of drug candidates from complementary and alternative medicines is an attractive approach. Myricetin can be found in fruit, vegetables, and herbs. This study investigates the protective effect of myricetin on ethanol‐induced injury in mouse liver cells.Methods and resultsOil‐red O staining, assays of oxidative stress and measurements of inflammatory markers in mouse AML12 liver cells collectively demonstrate that myricetin elicits a curative effect on ethanol‐induced injury. Next, the role of myricetin in the metabolic regulation of ethanol pathology in liver cells is assessed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Myricetin inhibits ethanol‐stimulated fatty acid biosynthesis. Additionally, dodecanoic acid may be proposed as a potential biomarker related to ethanol pathology or myricetin therapy. It is also observed that myricetin enhances ethanol‐induced inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Moreover, fumaric acid is found to be a candidate biomarker related to ethanol toxicity or myricetin therapy. Quantitative reverse‐transcription‐PCR shows that ethanol‐induced fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c mRNA levels are alleviated by myricetin. Finally, myricetin increases ethanol‐induced inhibition of phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase.ConclusionThese results elucidate the pharmacological mechanism of myricetin on ethanol‐induced lipid accumulation.
Potential for Improving Among-Reader Precision and Accuracy of Walleye Age Estimates with Minimal Training
Authors: Dembkowski Daniel J. , Isermann Daniel A. , Koenigs Ryan P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Within most resource management agencies, fish ages assigned by multiple readers are used to estimate age-based population metrics and to develop state or regional growth standards under the assumption that among-reader precision and accuracy are high. A cursory evaluation suggested that precision of age estimates among seven individuals who routinely estimate Walleye Sander vitreus age for the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources was remarkably low (otolith mean coefficient of variation [CV] = 37%; dorsal spine mean CV = 35%), which prompted concern and interest in whether among-reader precision could be improved with a minimal level of training. Consequently, we compared among-reader precision and accuracy before and after a 1-d training exercise. We distributed images of sectioned otoliths and sectioned dorsal spines from a random sample of 50 Walleye, along with images of structures from 25 known-age Walleye, to 21 readers grouped into beginner, intermediate, and advanced experience levels based on responses to a pretraining survey. Among-reader precision was substantially higher after training (otolith mean CV = 16%; dorsal spine mean CV = 15%) than before (otolith mean CV = 27%; dorsal spine mean CV = 26%). Accuracy of age estimates also improved after training, but greater improvements were observed for otoliths (mean difference between estimated and known ages before training = 0.80 year; after training = 0.15 year) than for dorsal spines (mean difference between estimated and known ages before training = 0.38 year; after training = 0.22 year). Similar improvements in precision and accuracy were evident for all experience levels. Our results suggest that a simple, low-cost age estimation training can substantially increase precision and accuracy of age estimates among a large group of readers. However, additional training and quality control measures may be required to achieve higher levels of precision and accuracy.
Measurement Equivalence of E‐Scale and In‐Person Clinic Weights
Authors: Pebley Kinsey , Klesges Robert C. , Talcott G. Wayne , Kocak Mehmet , Krukowski Rebecca A. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThe current study aimed to determine whether electronic scale (e‐scale) weight measurements are concordant with in‐person clinic weights.MethodsE‐scale and in‐person clinic weight measurements from 248 active duty military personnel enrolled in a weight‐loss intervention study were used. E‐scale and clinic measurements were matched and tested to determine whether measurements were significantly different from each other. Equivalence between the two measurements was tested among the cohort and when stratifying by gender, BMI, race, and age. The study also examined whether matching the times of clinic and e‐scale measurements or averaging multiple measurements was optimal, and whether using e‐scale and clinic measurements from the same day or across a specified amount of time was acceptable.ResultsOverall, e‐scale and clinic measurements were significantly different from each other but did not differ from equality. Additionally, using e‐scale and clinic weight measurements that were taken on the same day may be a preferable method compared with using measurements within a week of each other, which leads to weight underprediction among e‐scale measurements.ConclusionsE‐scales display good measurement concordance. E‐scales may be helpful when studying highly mobile populations, such as military personnel, and could potentially eliminate the need for in‐person visits.
Fractalkine Induces Hepcidin Expression of BV-2 Microglia and Causes Iron Accumulation in SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Pandur Edina , Tamási Kitti , Pap Ramóna , Varga Edit , Miseta Attila , Sipos Katalin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFractalkine (CX3CL1) is a potent inflammatory mediator of the central nervous system, which is expressed by neurons and regulates microglial functions by binding to fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1). It has been demonstrated that neuroinflammation plays an important role in iron accumulation of the brain leading to neuronal cell death. The major regulator of iron homeostasis is the peptide hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin expression is triggered by inflammatory conditions, which may contribute to the neuronal iron accumulation. In the present study, we established a bilaminar co-culture system of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and BV-2 microglia as a neuronal model to examine the effect of soluble fractalkine on iron homeostasis of microglia and SH-SY5Y cells. We determined the hepcidin expression of fractalkine-treated microglia which showed significant elevation. We examined the relation between increased hepcidin secretion, the known hepcidin regulators and the signalling pathways controlled by fractalkine receptor. Our data revealed that TMPRSS6 and alpha 1-antitrypsin levels decreased due to fractalkine treatment, as well as the activity of NFκB pathway and the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 factor. Moreover, fractalkine-induced hepcidin production of microglia initiated ferroportin internalisation of SH-SY5Y cells, which contributed to iron accumulation of neurons. Our results demonstrate that soluble form of fractalkine regulates hepcidin expression of BV-2 cells through fractalkine-mediated CX3CR1 internalisation. Moreover, fractalkine indirectly contributes to the iron accumulation of SH-SY5Y cells by activating ferroportin internalisation and by triggering the expressions of divalent metal transporter-1, ferritin heavy chain and mitochondrial ferritin.
QTL mapping in salad tomatoes
Authors: Brekke Thomas D. , Stroud James A. , Shaw David S. , Crawford Simon , Steele Katherine A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTomatoes are a major global food staple but Phytophthora infestans (an Oomycete) causes late-blight, a devastating disease that precludes commercial tomato production from moist temperate areas such as the United Kingdom and Northern Europe. We dissected the genetic architecture of resistance to late-blight as well as traits that improve yield and fruit quality in a tomato cross between a popular breeding, line NC 2 CELBR, which produces large fruits, and an heirloom cultivar called ‘Koralik’ which produces small, sweet fruits. We used an F2 mapping population to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for phenotypes including number of fruits, size of fruits, total crop yield, and soluble solids content in two different environments. Surprisingly, we found very few QTLs shared between the two environments, underscoring the importance of the local environment and genotype-by-environment interactions. We also assayed the virulence of three different isolates of P. infestans to identify QTLs that confer some resistance to the pathogen. We found nine crop-related QTLs and two QTLs for late-blight resistance-related phenotypes. One late-blight resistance QTL was inherited from Koralik (Chromosome 11, 70.2–83.5 cM) and it probably represents an undiscovered source of late-blight resistance. Yield QTLs were also located on chromosome 11 where Koralik alleles increase fruit number and yield, and adjacent regions decrease fruit size. On Chromosome 9, Koralik alleles increase fruit sweetness (Brix) by 25%. These results indicate that Koralik is a valuable donor parent that can be used by tomato breeders in targeted breeding strategies for fresh market tomatoes.
The adverse cyclic and collective pitch effect in a rotor
Authors: Kim Hak Yoon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNumerical simulations have been carried out for a 32.16-ft-diameter rotor in autorotational forward flight. Coupled flapping and rotational equations were solved using the transient simulation method (TSM) to ascertain the quasistatic torque equilibrium conditions. The Pitt/Peters inflow theory was adopted in the simulations, and an airfoil look-up table made by a compressible Navier-Stokes solver was used. The adverse cyclic and collective pitch inputs were introduced in a similar fashion to helicopter control in that the cyclic lever is pulled back and the collective lever is pushed down for increasing airspeeds. The simulation results showed that the longitudinal cyclic pitch input combined with a lowered collective pitch increases the rotating torque for a low shaft angle and an advance ratio greater than one, producing both high lift and a high lift-to-drag ratio. Upon introducing the adverse cyclic and collective pitch inputs, the control range broadened, and a torque equilibrium condition was detected at 414.7kt (700ft/s) of airspeed in the simulation.
When Activists Meet Controlling Shareholders in the Shadow of the Law: A Case Study of Hong Kong
Authors: LIN Yu-Hsin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractShareholder activism has changed corporate governance around the world in the past decade. Conventional wisdom holds that shareholder activism is only effective in firms with dispersed ownership; there has been much less discussion on whether and how activism would work in firms with controlling shareholders. This article fills this gap by investigating whether and how legal mechanisms influence strategy planning and activism outcomes based on hand-collected data regarding activists’ initiatives against firms with concentrated ownership in Hong Kong from 2003 to 2017. This article finds that cases using formal legal mechanisms appear to have had a higher success rate. Among the legal tools available, minority veto rights are the most popular mechanism used by activists in Hong Kong, and are quite effective in leveraging their position in controlled firms. Furthermore, the availability of legal remedies and the ownership level of controlling shareholders are factors that influence activists’ strategies. Most activist initiatives against controlled firms involve corporate governance disputes where activists can rely on legal protection to enhance their bargaining position. On the other hand, activists tend not to make their demands public, and they also avoid exercising legal rights when controlling shareholders control the majority of the shares.
Valuing Children’s Fatality Risk Reductions
Authors: Robinson Lisa A. , Raich William J. , Hammitt James K. , O’Keeffe Lucy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn benefit-cost analysis, fatality risk reductions are usually valued based on estimates of adults’ willingness to pay for changes in their own risks, regardless of whether the risk reduction accrues to adults or children. This approach reflects the relatively large number of valuation studies that address adults; however, the literature on children is growing. We review these studies, focusing on those that estimate values for both adults and children using a consistent approach to limit the effects of between-study variability. We rely on explicit selection criteria to identify studies that measure reasonably comparable outcomes and are candidates for application to analyses of U.S. policies. The ratio of values for children to values for adults ranges from 0.6 to 2.9; however, most estimates are greater than 1.5. Although some studies suggest that the divergence between child and adult values decreases as the child ages, this finding is not universal. We conclude that analysts should test the sensitivity of their results to the use of higher values for children than adults. Additional empirical research is needed to support more precise estimates of the variation in values by age that can be featured in the primary analysis.
Riots in Beirut: Description of the Impact of a New Type of Mass Casualty Event on the Emergency System in Lebanon
Authors: El Warea Mohamad , Sasso Roula , Bachir Rana , El Sayed Mazen 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction:In the summer of 2015, Beirut experienced a garbage crisis that led to rioting. Riot control measures resulted in multiple casualties. This study examines injury patterns of riot victims presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care center in a developing country.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in the emergency department of the American University of Beirut Medical Center between August 22 and August 30, 2015. Patients seen in the emergency department with riot injuries were included. Patient characteristics, injuries, and resources utilized in the emergency department were analyzed.Results:Ninety-five patients were identified. Most patients presented to the emergency department within a short time period. The mean age of the patients was 28.0 ± 8.7 years. Most (90.5%) of the patients were males and 92.6% were protestors. Emergency medical services were utilized by 41.0% of patients. Laceration was the most common presenting complaint (28.5%), and blunt trauma was the most common type of injury (50.5%). The head/face/neck was the most common injured body region (55.8%). Most patients did not require blood tests or procedures (91.6% and 61.0%, respectively), and 91.2% of patients were treated in the emergency department and discharged. One patient required intensive care unit admission and another was dead on arrival.Conclusions:Most patients had mild injuries on presentation. The emergency department experienced a high influx of patients. Complications and deaths can occur from seemingly nonlethal weapons used during riots and warrant effective prehospital and hospital disaster planning.
A GAME CHARACTERIZING BAIRE CLASS 1 FUNCTIONS
Authors: KISS VIKTOR 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDuparc introduced a two-player game for a function f between zero-dimensional Polish spaces in which Player II has a winning strategy iff f is of Baire class 1. We generalize this result by defining a game for an arbitrary function f : X → Y between arbitrary Polish spaces such that Player II has a winning strategy in this game iff f is of Baire class 1. Using the strategy of Player II, we reprove a result concerning first return recoverable functions.
Quitting globalization: trade-related job losses, nationalism, and resistance to FDI in the United States
Authors: Feng Yilang , Kerner Andrew , Sumner Jane L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExisting research has found that American politicians benefit from trying to attract investment and creates jobs. In this paper, we build on this work by describing the drivers of Americans' attitudes toward inward foreign investment (FDI). We posit that foreign and Chinese investment are different than domestic investment in the public imagination and that nationalism and proximity to deindustrialization interact to shape public opinion about them. We propose and test two theories of this interaction using a survey experiment that randomizes whether a respondent is responding to a statement about “business investment,” “foreign business investment,” or “Chinese business investment”. We find that (1) Americans are skeptical of business investments by Chinese, and, to lesser degree, “foreign” firms; (2) the gap in enthusiasm for generic business investment and foreign/Chinese business investment rises with local trade-related job losses; and (3) the distinction between nationalists' and non-nationalists' attitudes toward FDI declines in local job losses.
Fundamental Principles and Theorems of Thermo-Elasticity
Authors: Hemp W. S. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryKinetic heating associated with supersonic flight presents new problems to the aircraft structural engineer. Some of these can be resolved by the use of the theorems of thermo-elasticity. This paper outlines the foundations of this subject and derives generalisations of the usual variational theorems, which are so often used in structural analysis.
Hydrodynamics of Relativistic Pulsar Wind
Authors: Lominadze J. G. , Javakhishvili J. I. , Tsikarishvili E. G. 
Published: June 2019

Pulsar pair-production theories imply that the plasma leaves the source already flowing relativistically. Such winds might also have relativistic injection temperatures. MHD models of relativistic pulsar winds were considered, and it was shown that in this case cold wind theories can be misleading.On the other hand, due to synchrotron radiation losses, the temperature of collisionless, strongly magnetized, relativistic plasma quickly becomes anisotropic. In this case the plasma pressure is no longer a scalar and to describe the properties of stellar wind a hydrodynamical model of relativistic plasma with the anisotropic temperature distribution should be developed.
Pulsar Emission Beams and Profiles in an Inverse-Compton Scattering Model
Authors: Qiao G. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe vast majority of pulsar profiles at meter wavelengths are dominated by core components (Rankin 1983, 1990; Lyne and Manchester 1988), but in the usual polar cap models of pulsar emission, it is difficult to get central beam or “core” radiation. In this paper, we present a calculation for both the “core” and hollow “cone” emission beams, as well as model pulse profiles in an inverse-Compton scattering (ICS) model. Both “core” and hollow “cone” emission beams axe obtained naturally in the calculations. Examples of pulse profiles of pulsars at different radio frequencies are presented.The theoretical shapes of the pulse profiles agree very satisfactorily with actual observations, which means that the mechanism suggested here may be the actual one.
Main Pulse-Interpulse Correlation and Mode Changing in PSR 1055-52
Authors: Biggs James D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe have studied the individual pulses from PSR 1055–52, a pulsar which has a strong interpulse. Their properties, and those of the average pulse profile are consistent with an emission geometry in which the magnetic and rotation axes are nearly perpendicular. That is, we are observing both magnetic poles of this pulsar. A correlation between the emission from the two magnetic poles was found wherein a strong interpulse is followed by a strong main pulse. Also, the main pulse appears to undergo mode changes that are primarily characterized by a change in the peak flux density of component I.
Dual-Frequency Observations of Pulsar Microstructure from PSR 1133+16
Authors: Stinebring D. R. , Thorsett S. E. , Kaspi V. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe have made pulsar microstructure observations of PSR 1133+16 at the Arecibo Observatory. Cross-correlation of linearly polarized microstructure between 111 MHz and 318 MHz results in a value of the dispersion measure of DM = 4.8462 ± 0.0004 pc cm–3 at epoch 1989.9. This value is consistent with the average profile determination of Phillips and Wolszczan (1990) obtained at epoch 1989.2, but not with the microstructure value found by Popov et al. (1987) in early 1980. Time variation of the integrated electron content over this ten-year span is a plausible explanation for the discrepancy.
The Intensity Distribution of the Emission Beam and A Discussion of the Radio Luminosity of Pulsars
Authors: Wu Xinji , Manchester R. N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA new radio luminosity equation for pulsars is presented which is based on the geometry of a polarcap model. Statistical results show that the emission component intensity distribution is Gaussian. There are 100 pulsars with new radio luminosity values. We show that the radio luminosity can be described by one relation L ∝ (BP2)1.07 or L ∝ Q'–1.4, Q' = 2P1.1Ṗ–15–0.4 over the whole range of period and period derivatives, contrary to other recently suggested luminosity laws.
Closing Comments: Observations
Authors: McCulloch P. M. 
Published: June 2019

During the course of this colloquium many papers have been presented on observational aspects of pulsar astronomy. In the following discussion I have not attempted to be comprehensive but have selected a number of areas of interest to me.The basic pulsar properties appear to be consistent over the full range of pulsar periods from 1 ms to 4s, implying that the emission mechanism is the same for all pulsars. There was a general consensus among the observers that the radio emission occurs low down in the pulsar's magnetosphere above the magnetic polar region.
The Asymptotic Expansions of the Spherical Harmonics
Authors: MacRobert T. M. 
Published: June 2019

Associated Legendre Functions as Integrals involving Bessel Functions. Let,where C denotes a contour which begins at −∞ on the real axis, passes positively round the origin, and returns to −∞, amp λ=−π initially, and R(z)>0, z being finite and ≠1. [If R(z)>0 and z is finite, then R(z±)>0.] Then if I−m (λ) be expanded in ascending powers of λ, and if the resulting expression be integrated term by term, it is found that