bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VEGAS: A VST Early-type Galaxy Survey. III. Mapping the Galaxy Structure, Interactions, and Intragroup Light in the NGC 5018 Group
Authors: Spavone Marilena , Iodice Enrichetta , Capaccioli Massimo , Bettoni Daniela , Rampazzo Roberto , Brosch Noah , Cantiello Michele , Napolitano Nicola R. , Limatola Luca , Grado Aniello , Schipani Pietro 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Most of the galaxies in the universe today are in groups, which are key to understanding their evolution. In this work we present a new deep mosaic of 1.2 × 1.0 square degrees of the group of galaxies centered on NGC 5018, acquired at the ESO VLT Survey Telescope. We use u, g, r images to analyze the structure of the group members and to estimate the intragroup light. Taking advantage of deep and multiband photometry and of the large field of view of the VST telescope, we studied the structure of the galaxy members and the faint features leading into the intragroup space, and we give an estimate of the intragroup diffuse light in the NGC 5018 group of galaxies. We found that ∼41% of the total g-band luminosity of the group is in the form of intragroup light (IGL). The IGL has a (g – r) color consistent with those of other galaxies in the group, indicating that the stripping leading to the formation of IGL is ongoing. From the study of this group we can infer that there are at least two different interactions involving the group members: one between NGC 5018 and NGC 5022, which generates the tails and ring-like structures detected in the light, and another between NGC 5022 and MCG-03-34-013, which has produced the H i tail. A minor merging event also happened in the formation history of NGC 5018 that perturbed the inner structure of this galaxy.
Research and stakeholders: Bathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Crustacea) case studies in mining areas. New genera from Australia and the enigma of the “cosmopolitan” Bathynella genus
Authors: Perina Giulia , Camacho Ana , Huey Joel , Koenders Annette , Horwitz Pierre 
Published: September 2018

It seems obvious to say that research can provide benefits to multiple stakeholders and that stakeholder involvement is more often than not essential for research to proceed. Concrete examples of these mutual dependencies are valuable, where industry, government agencies and biological studies increase each others’ potential and efficiencies.
In the past 20 years the number of subterranean taxa discovered in Australia, especially in the Pilbara bioregion, has increased consistently thanks to environmental and biological surveys, often associated with mining development, but the investment on research needed to understand this vast biodiversity is far from what is required.
The family Bathynellidae (Crustacea) occur in most Australian aquifers, but collecting them is not simple and their study and identification are very difficult due to their small and fragile bodies and their conservative morphology. Additionally, the poor and incomplete description of the type genus and species of this family (Bathynella natans Vejdovsky, 1882) have led to the assignment of many species occurring around the world, including Australia, to this genus. The taxonomic framework is therefore not well defined and their biodiversity and distribution assessments needed by government agencies become challenging. This research started with a collaboration with different environmental consultants who provided a conspicuous number of specimens collected through several years, which allowed an accurate analysis of specific aquifers. Studies of Bathynellidae populations occurring in different areas produced results useful to inform mining companies on species distribution and groundwater connectivity, underling the importance of cooperation among stakeholders. Morphological and molecular data reveal new genera and species with fascinating relationships, and the collection of some fresh material from type localities belonging to Bathynella clarifies the position of this “cosmopolitan” genus.
This example demonstrates (again) the value of research as both underpinning, and supplementing, existing knowledge to improve the management and monitoring of the delicate subterranean environment and its resources.
La minéralogie au féminin : la transmission du savoir chez Martine de Bertereau
Authors: Spavin Richard 
Published: September 2018

Les raisons derrière l’enfermement de Martine de Bertereau, baronne minéralogiste du xvii e  siècle, sont mystérieuses. Si elle est emprisonnée après la rédaction de son opuscule, La Restitution de Pluton (1640), qu’elle écrit pour vanter les richesses minières de la France, mon hypothèse est que le vrai scandale se trouve enfoui sous les nombreuses listes de minerais, démonstrations astrologiques et apostrophes flagorneuses qu’elle adresse au cardinal de Richelieu. Celles-ci participent d’une stratégie d’aveugler par la science au profit du fameux « droit de dixième ». Les éléments occultistes du texte ainsi que sa rhétorique au féminin contribuent tous deux à un « self-fashioning » de la femme scientifique qui cherche à exploiter les privilèges et les droits de l’État mercantile.
Per se resurgens  : Claude Mellan, au cœur de la polémique trinitaire du xvii e  siècle
Authors: Saracino Francesco 
Published: September 2018

La Résurrection gravée en 1683 par Claude Mellan s’accompagne d’une légende qui conduit à rechercher les motivations idéologiques de l’image. Le texte per se resurgens ne reproduit pas un passage biblique mais est une allusion synthétique à un débat sur la résurrection du Messie qui s’était déjà produit aux premiers siècles et qui, à l’époque de Mellan, devint d’actualité dans le contexte des discussions trinitaires qui ébranlaient les théologiens des confessions chrétiennes. Cette étude reconstruit le problème théologique qui sous-tend l’un des chefs-d’œuvre de l’art graphique du xvii e  siècle.
Factors Affecting Use of Social Media by University Students: a Study at Wuhan University of China
Authors: Athukorala A. W. V. 
Published: September 2018

Social media platforms are very common in modern education system everywhere, especially in Chinese universities. The purpose of this paper was to identify the behavior of use of social media by students at Wuhan University in China. In order to investigate the concerns of students in using social media in relation to personal context, the study was carried out. Major concerns of students in using social media can be categorized into two types of phenomena; socio-economic factors and demographic factors. Accordingly, the research focused on eight socio-economic and political factors related to the use of social media and factors are affecting international students’ and local students’ cognition of social media. Random sampling methods was utilized for selecting the participants. The questionnaires were distributed among international and local students and 425 responses were received. The 216 international students and 209 Chinese students responded with an effective recovery rate of 86.4% and 83.6%, respectively from each group. The results of the current study endorse a number of previous studies which examine different influencing factors in the use of social media. The research found that there is a huge impact of affecting factors on the use of social media by local as well as international students. Although, all factors mentioned; legal risk etc. seem to have affected both groups of students very effectively. Some factors seemed prominent among local students and some others seemed prominent among international students. On the whole, it was proved by the result that there was a significant influence of all factors on the use of social media. The main concerns in using social media are privacy and convenience. On the contrary, copyright and legal issues are often ignored by both international and local students. The level of concern is affected by the number of years of living abroad, local language proficiency, study level and experience. Among the variables, social media experience obviously inflecting the levels of all related influencing factors. As international students and local students depend heavily on social media for their learning, research needs as well as their daily life in today's digital environment, it is important for university administrators to integrate media literacy education into academic training and professional development programs for both international students and faculty.
Students’ Perception towards the Library User Education Programmes of the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka: A Case Study
Authors: Punchihewa C. N. D. , Kiriella K. G. A. P. , Kumara A. D. B. , Kodikara Ruvini C. 
Published: September 2018

Library, University of Moratuwa has identified the importance of acquiring the user perception on different user education programmes offered by the library. The objective of this case study was to assess the students’ perception and examine the impact of the user education programmes conducted. 'Library Orientation and Tour', 'Information for Research', 'Research and Plagiarism' and 'How to do Referencing' are the library user education programmes considered in this study. The participants were the undergraduate and postgraduate students, who have participated in the library user education programmes during 2014-2015. A user survey method was adopted in this study. Considering the size of the student group, 30% of the total population (188) randomly selected for the study and online structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Results revealed that library user education programmes helped 98.7% of the students to obtain the awareness of library resources and services. In addition, more than 98% of the students claimed that library user education programmes support for their academic works. The study also highlighted the importance of continuing the library user education programmes in building research skills among the students to develop the research culture in the university.
Anscombe, Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret (1919–2001)
Authors: Wiseman Rachael 
Published: September 2018

G.E.M. Anscombe (1919–2001) is recognized as one of the most brilliant philosophers of the twentieth century. She is also well known as the translator and editor of Wittgenstein’s later writings, including his Philosophical Investigations. The work Anscombe undertook between 1956 and 1958, during which time she was concerned with the content and foundations of moral philosophy, has been extremely influential in philosophy of action and ethics. Her 1957 monograph, Intention, seeks to give an account of the psychological concepts she thought necessary for moral philosophy to be possible – intention, desire, reason, motive – and is one of the most significant philosophical works on action. Her much anthologized paper ‘Modern Moral Philosophy’ (1958) marks the beginning of the revival of virtue ethics.
Anscombe’s work attempts to recover for a contemporary audience the premodern conception of human nature, action and ethics that is found in the writings of Aristotle and St Thomas Aquinas. Anscombe held that the bifurcation of man into mind and body which arose during the seventeenth century – and replaced the Aristotelian dichotomy of form and matter – had disastrous consequences in the philosophy of psychology and ethics. She subjected concepts along the fault line created by this change – cause, substance, mental event, intention, subject, object, freedom, sensation, self-consciousness – to detailed analysis using the method of grammatical enquiry. This method, learnt from Wittgenstein, involves describing the complex use of language in the context of our human form of life. In Anscombe’s work, this analysis reveals that the picture of the human subject that our Cartesian intellectual inheritance makes intuitive is profoundly mistaken.
Kripke, Saul Aaron (1940–)
Authors: Ahmed Arif 
Published: September 2018

Saul Kripke is one of the most influential philosophers to have written on logic, metaphysics, the philosophy of language, and the philosophy of mind in the twentieth century.
In logic, he made an early and seminal contribution to the formal treatment of modality, that is, thoughts and statements about how things might have been or must have been (§2). In metaphysics, his work on modality has also been important, contributing as it did to the revival of the Aristotelian idea that the ways a thing might have been or must be (its contingent and its essential properties) were features of that very thing itself. This was in opposition to the view, prevalent in various forms throughout the first half of the twentieth century, that necessity was always relative to some classification or description of the object (§3). In the philosophy of language, he attacked– – in Naming and Necessity – the Russellian idea that proper names are simply abbreviated descriptions of the things that they name, arguing that instead they can refer directly to things via causal connections of which the users of language might be unaware (§4). Again, in the philosophy of language, his work on Wittgenstein on rule-following evinced what seemed to be a radical and devastating skepticism about the very possibility of the meaningful use of language (§6). And his proposed solution constituted a novel re-interpretation of Wittgenstein’s "private language argument," one that seemed to reveal the essentially social character of language (§8). In the philosophy of mind, he used the semantic machinery developed in Naming and Necessity to revive the long-discredited Cartesian argument against identifying mental and physical states (§5).
Saul Kripke has also written ground-breaking works on the theory of truth (1975), the theory of knowledge (2011), and the semantics of fictional discourse (2013).
Feminist philosophy
Authors: Mason Elinor 
Published: September 2018

Feminist philosophy is philosophy that is aimed at understanding and challenging the oppression of women. Feminist philosophy examines issues that are traditionally found in practical ethics and political philosophy, metaphysics, epistemology and philosophy of language. In fact, feminist concerns can appear in almost all areas of traditional philosophy. Feminist philosophy is thus not a kind of philosophy; rather, it is unified by its focus on issues of concern to feminists.
Feminist philosophers question the structures and institutions that regulate our lives. When Mary Wollstonecraft was writing in 1792, the institutions excluded and subordinated women explicitly. Wollstonecraft, as the title of her book (A Vindication of the Rights of Woman) makes clear, was extending the enlightenment idea that men have basic human rights, to women. Wollstonecraft argued that women should not be seen as importantly different from men: there may be differences due to different upbringing, but, Wollstonecraft argues, there is no reason to think men and women differ in important ways, and women should be given the same education and opportunities as men.
What seemed radical in 1792 may not seem radical now. Yet gender inequality persists. Thus philosophers must look beyond the formal rules and laws to the underlying structures that cause and perpetuate oppression. The feminist philosopher is always asking, ‘is there some element of this practice that depends on gender in some way?’ Feminist philosophers examine and critique the way we structure our families and reproduction, the cultural practices we engage in, such as prostitution and pornography, the way we think, and speak and value each other as knowers and thinkers.
In order to examine these issues the feminist philosopher may need an improved conceptual toolbox: we need to understand such complex concepts as intersectionality, false consciousness, and of course, gender itself. Is gender biologically determined – is it something natural and immutable, or is it socially constructed? As Simone de Beauvoir puts it, ‘one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman’. Feminist philosophers tend to argue that gender is all (or mostly) socially constructed, that it is something we invent rather than discover. Gender is nonetheless an important part of our world, and feminist philosophy aims to understand how it works.
Haecceity and thisness
Authors: Ingram David 
Published: September 2018

A ‘haecceity’ (from the Latin, haecceitas, which translates literally as ‘thisness’) is a certain kind of property. In broad outline, a thisness is a primitive, particular, nonqualitative property of an individual, i.e. the property of being a specific individual (or, perhaps, the property of being identical with a specific individual). For example, Ruth Barcan Marcus’s thisness is the property being (identical with) Ruth Barcan Marcus, and so on for all individuals. To clarify: although it is typical to see a thisness described as the property of being identical with an individual, it is not merely the property of being self-identical, which all individuals exemplify trivially; it is a special kind of property that is uniquely exemplified by its bearer. And so, for any individual x, since the property being (identical with) x is both uniquely exemplified by x and essential to x, so x’s thisness is a nonqualitative individual essence of x.
The terminology of ‘haecceity’ and ‘thisness’ derives from the work of John Duns Scotus (c.1266–1308) and some of Scotus’s insights and application of thisnesses are still relevant to debates about identity and individuation. This terminology has its roots in the scholastic philosophy of the High Middle Ages and it was revived in contemporary metaphysics by the work of Robert Merrihew Adams in the second half of the 20th century. In addition to the question of what is the metaphysical nature of a thisness, a considerable amount of the debate concerns what thisnesses can do to ‘earn their keep’ in a systematic metaphysics. Some say that accepting an ontology of thisness permits the individuation of qualitatively indiscernible objects or events – with appropriate footnotes to Scotus. Others say that accepting a specific ontology of thisness allows one to defend certain positions in the philosophy of time, i.e. the growing block theory of time, or presentism.
We are concerned here with haecceities (thisnesses) and not ‘haecceitism’, the view that a world could not be nonqualitatively different without a qualitative difference.
Anaxagoras (500–428 BC)
Authors: Schofield Malcolm 
Published: September 2018

Anaxagoras of Clazomenae was a major Greek philosopher of the Presocratic period, who worked in the Ionian tradition of inquiry into nature. While his cosmology largely recasts the sixth-century system of Anaximenes, the focus of the surviving fragments is on ontological questions. The often quoted opening of his book – ‘all things were together’ – echoes the Eleatic Parmenides’ characterization of true being, but signals recognition of time, change and plurality. Even so, Anaxagoras is deeply committed to the Eleatic notions that, strictly speaking, there can be no coming into being or going out of existence, nor any separation of one part of reality from any other. His main object is to show how the variety of the world about us is somehow already contained in the primordial mixture, and is explicable only on the assumption that latent within each substance are portions of every other. Whether or not he owed his conception of unlimited smallness to Zeno of Elea, he held that there could be no such thing as a magnitude of least size; and he claimed that there was accordingly no difference in complexity between the large and the small.
Mind, however, is a distinct principle; unlimited, autonomous, free from the admixture of any other substance. Hence Anaxagoras’ decision to make it the first cause of the ordered universe we now inhabit. Mind initiates and controls a vortex, which from small beginnings sucks in an ever-increasing expanse of the surrounding envelope. The vortex brings about an incomplete separation of the ingredients of the original mixture: hot from cold, dry from wet, bright from dark, and so on, with a flat earth compacted at the centre and surrounded by misty air and clearer ether above and below. Contemporaries were scandalized by Anaxagoras’ claim that sun, moon and stars were nothing but incandescent stones caught up in the revolving ether.
Later fifth-century physicists – notably Archelaus and Diogenes of Apollonia – developed revised versions of Anaxagoras’ system, but abandoned his dualism. His conception of mind excited but disappointed Socrates, and exercised a profound influence on Plato’s cosmology and Aristotle’s psychology. Aristotle was also fascinated by the complexities of the remarkable theory of ‘everything in everything’. Anaxagoras’ philosophy was never subsequently revived, but he was remembered as the mentor of the statesman Pericles and the poet Euripides. His reputation as a rationalist critic of religion persisted throughout antiquity.
Carneades (214–129 BC)
Authors: Barnes Jonathan 
Published: September 2018

The Greek philosopher Carneades was head of the Academy from 167 to 137 bc. Born in North Africa he migrated to Athens, where he studied logic with the Stoic Diogenes of Babylon; but he was soon seduced by the Academy, to which his allegiance was thereafter lifelong. He was a celebrated figure; and in 155 bc he was sent by Athens to Rome as a political ambassador, where he astounded the youth by his rhetorical powers and outraged their elders by his arguments against justice.
Under Carneades’ direction the Academy remained sceptical. But he enlarged the sceptical armoury – in particular, he deployed sorites arguments against various dogmatic positions. He also broadened the target of sceptical attack: thus he showed an especial interest in ethics, where his ‘division’ of possible ethical theories served later as a standard framework for thought on the subject. But his major innovation concerned the notion of ‘the plausible’ (to pithanon). Even if we cannot determine which appearances are true and which false, we are able to distinguish the plausible from the implausible – and further to distinguish among several grades of plausibility. It is disputed – and it was disputed among his immediate followers – how, if at all, Carneades’ remarks on the plausible are to be reconciled with his scepticism.