bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Whole Brain Vessel Wall Imaging of Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: 5 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Yu Yao , Zhou Hong-Wei , Guo Zhen-Ni , Jin Hang , Zhang Fu-Liang , Niu Peng-Peng , Luo Yun , Wang Chao , Shi Ming-Chao , Liu Jia , Qin Hai-Qiang , Yang Yi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system is an uncommon single-organ vasculitis that is still poorly understood, and its diagnosis can be quite challenging. Traditional vascular imaging techniques could only show the abnormality of vessel lumen, while primary angiitis of the central nervous system as well as atherosclerosis or other mimics could show similar patterns, like tapering of the vessel lumen or multiple stenosis. Vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging can directly visualize the abnormality of the vessel wall, therefore has become a valuable approach for vasculopathy evaluation. However, 2D vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging can only be restricted to one fixed angle for one scanning process, while vasculitis tends to involve multiple vessels. With the development of 3D isotropic vessel wall imaging sequence, it can achieve a thorough view of the whole brain vasculature in shorter time and apply reconstruction in any angle. Reasonably, 3D isotropic vessel wall imaging could help with the diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up of primary angiitis of the central nervous system more effectively.

Case presentation

We present five cases of primary angiitis of the central nervous system that underwent 3D isotropic vessel wall imaging, along with follow-up. The diagnosis of primary angiitis of the central nervous system was made by classic diagnosis criteria. The youngest patient was 21 years old, while the oldest one was 49 years old. As for disease onset, one patient presented with headache, while other four patients presented with ischemic stroke. Both anterior circulation and posterior circulation of the five patients were involved, regardless of the responsible vessel. They were given steroids, immunosuppressor or parahormone for management. On follow-up vessel imaging, one patient displayed gradual vessel occlusion in 12 months, one patient showed partial resolution, other three patients presented with vasculopathy persistence.

Conclusions

3D isotropic vessel wall imaging could evaluate the specific responsible vessel as well as the whole brain vasculature in one-time scan, providing detailed information in detection, diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up. Moreover, primary angiitis of the central nervous system tend to be multi-vessel involving, so the 3D isotropic vessel wall imaging could be more applicable.
A facile one-pot preparation of Bi2O2CO3/g-C3N4 composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Duan Yongzheng , Yao Haibo , Li Jing , Shang Xili , Jia Dongmei , Li Changhai 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Bi2O2CO3 modified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets were prepared by a simple one-pot synthetic strategy. In the presence of ammonium nitrate, different mass ratios of bismuth nitrate/melamine were used to fabricate these catalysts, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-physisorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis analysis, and photoluminescence (PL). The catalytic properties of composites were evaluated by photodegrading tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) under visible light irradiation. Among these catalysts, Bi2O2CO3(1.5)/g-C3N4 showed the highest catalytic activity, which was more than 16 times greater than the pristine g-C3N4 material. The improved photocatalytic properties of Bi2O2CO3/g-C3N4 may be due to the formation of a heterojunction between Bi2O2CO3 and g-C3N4, leading to the effective separation of photo-induced carriers and the enhanced absorption of visible light. Furthermore, the Bi2O2CO3/g-C3N4 composites had considerable catalytic stability, which was a key element for their potential applications.
Two physical processes enhanced the performance of Auricularia auricula dreg in Cd(II) adsorption: composting and pyrolysis
Authors: Li Yue , Huang Siqi , Wei Yingnan , Liu Xuesheng , Zhang Meng , Jin Zonghui , Wang Hongmei , Qu Juanjuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study aims to discover the impact of composting and pyrolysis on the adsorption performance of Auricularia auricula dreg (AAD) for Cd(II) in aqueous solution. Auricularia auricula dreg (AAD), Auricularia auricula dreg biochar (AADB) and Auricularia auricula dreg compost (AADC) were used to remove Cd(II) from aqueous solution, and their adsorption conditions and mechanisms were compared. The adsorption quantity of three adsorbents reached the maximum (AAD: 80.0 mg/g, AADB: 91.7 mg/g, AADC: 93.5 mg/g) under same conditions (adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, pH 5.0, biosorption temperature of 25 °C, and biosorption time of 120 min). All Cd(II) biosorption processes onto three adsorbents complied with the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and spontaneously occurred in an order of AADC &gt; AADB &gt; AAD. The difference in biosorption quantity relied on variation in surface structure, crystal species and element content caused by composting or pyrolysis. Composting enhanced the changes in surface structure, crystal species, functional groups and ion exchange capacity of the AAD, resulting in AAD had greatly improved the biosorption quantity of Cd(II). Pyrolysis increased the adsorption of Cd(II) mainly by increasing the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, the particle size and pH, in the same time, providing more oxygen-containing functional groups.
Variabilidade morfológica foliar entre estágios de desenvolvimento em Allophylus edulis e Cupania vernalis (Sapindaceae) de floresta ombrófila mista
Authors: De Melo Júnior Joao Carlos Ferreira , Torres Boeger Maria Regina , Vieira Willyan , Matilde Silva Maiara 
Published: April 2019

A radiação luminosa pode ser considerada, dentre os fatores ambientais aos quais as plantas estão expostas, aquele que apresenta maior heterogeneidade espacial e temporal, impulsionando nas plantas alterações morfológicas e anatômicas que melhoram a captação e a utilização desse recurso. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo discutir, numa perspectiva funcional, as alterações estruturais e de plasticidade em folhas de duas espécies dominantes em floresta ombrófila mista, encontradas em distintos níveis de exposição à luz, em diferentes estágios de crescimento. Parâmetros morfológicos e anatômicos foram medidos em dez folhas de cada espécie, para cada estágio de crescimento, sendo utilizada A nova para comparação das médias. Plantas adultas mais expostas à radiação, quando comparadas com plântulas, apresentaram menor área foliar, maiores densidadesfoliar e estomática e de espessura do parênquima paliçádico. Algumas inversões observadas em indivíduos jovens e em fase de plântulas sugerem que há um maior investimento em crescimento do que em produção fotossintética. Os caracteres mais plásticos foram a área e o peso foliar e a densidade estomática. Os resultados indicam, para as duas espécies, variações morfoanatômicas e fisiológicas que podemmelhorar a captação de luz e maximizar o aproveitamento de tal recurso para o pleno desenvolvimento do vegetal.
Narrativa e experiência: a escrita autobiográfica de pessoas em condição crônica de doença
Authors: Silveira Bruna Rocha 
Published: April 2019

A narrativa autobiográfica, uma forma de compartilhar experiências, que são individuais, pode ser um importante mecanismo na construção de identidades e trazer um sentimento de pertencimento. Esse instrumento pode se mostrar ainda mais pujante quando falamos da escrita de pessoas em condição crônica de doença. Pensando nesses sujeitos, que possuem doenças incuráveis e que escrevem suas experiências, este artigo trabalha a motivação de uma escrita que envolve mexer com memórias dolorosas do vivido. Para tanto, são trazidos à discussão teóricos da escrita autobiográfica e da experiência para pensar duas obras literárias contemporâneas nacionais: Pulmão de aço – uma vida no maior hospital do Brasil (2012), de Eliana Zagui, e Um palhaço na boca do vulcão (2014), de Nando Bolognesi. Acredita-se que a escrita autobiográfica de experiências com a doença ajuda a construir o “eudoente”, uma identidade de passagem não para um eu verdadeiro, mas para uma realidade que se vive. Assim, essa ferramenta mostra-se como importante formador identitário que, no momento em que é compartilhado com a sociedade, apresenta modelos éticos de viver com essa diferença social.
Emerging Biomedical Applications of Algal Polysaccharides
Authors: Rahmati Maryam , Alipanahi Zahra , Mozafari Masoud 
Published: April 2019

Background:Over the past two decades, there have been substantial progress and a growing body of research on using natural polymeric biomaterials in emerging biomedical applications. Among different natural biopolymers, polysaccharides have gained considerable attraction among biomedical scientists and surgeons due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. In recent years, algalbased polysaccharides including agar, alginate, and carrageenan, have been broadly suggested for different biomedical applications.Methods:The aim of this paper is discussing various possible applications of algal-based polysaccharides in biomedical engineering particularly in controlled drug delivery systems. The main properties of each algal polysaccharide will be discussed, and particular drug delivery applications will be presented.Results:Algal polysaccharides can be detected in a group of photosynthetic unite as their key biomass constituents. They provide a range of variety in their size, shape, liquefaction, chemical stability, and crosslinking ability. In addition, algal polysaccharides have shown exceptional gelling properties including stimuli-responsive behavior, softness, and swelling properties.Conclusion:All the mentioned properties of alga polysaccharides lead to their successful usage in biomedical applications specially targeted and controlled drug delivery systems such as particles, capsules, and gels.
Lattice Thermal Conductivity Modelling of a Diatomic Nanoscale Material
Authors: Awad Adil H. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:A new approach for expressing the lattice thermal conductivity of diatomic nanoscale materials is developed.Methods:The lattice thermal conductivity of two samples of GaAs nanobeam at 4-100K is calculated on the basis of monatomic dispersion relation. Phonons are scattered by nanobeam boundaries, point defects and other phonons via normal and Umklapp processes.Methods:A comparative study of the results of the present analysis and those obtained using Callaway formula is performed. We clearly demonstrate the importance of the utilised scattering mechanisms in lattice thermal conductivity by addressing the separate role of the phonon scattering relaxation rate. The formulas derived from the correction term are also presented, and their difference from Callaway model is evident. Furthermore their percentage contribution is sufficiently small to be neglected in calculating lattice thermal conductivity.Conclusion:Our model is successfully used to correlate the predicted lattice thermal conductivity with that of the experimental observation.
Recent Patents on Measurement of Parallelism of Plates
Authors: Xie Baocheng , Ni Xiaowei , Jiang Jingang 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Parallel plate structures are widely used in micro-electromechanical systems,
and the measuring technology of parallelism of parallel plates becomes more and more inevitable. More
and more attention has been paid on the development of measuring technology of parallelism of parallel
plates.

Objective:
To meet the increasing requirement of measuring precision and measuring efficiency of
parallelism measurement of parallel plates, the measuring devices and measuring methods of the parallelism
measurement are constantly being enhanced.

Methods:
This paper retraces varieties of representative patents relevant to the measuring devices and
measuring methods of the parallelism measurement of parallel plates.

Results:
Through retracing the characteristics of different types of measuring devices and measuring
methods of parallelism measurement of parallel plates, the main problems existing in the current development
such as low measuring precision and low measuring efficiency are concluded and analyzed.
Development of patents on the measuring devices and measuring methods of the parallelism measurement
is discussed in the future.

Conclusion:
The optimization and development of parallelism measurement are beneficial to improve
measuring precision and measuring efficiency of parallelism measurement of parallel plates. More related
patents on parallelism measurement of parallel plates will be invented.
IL-1 Inhibition and Function of the HDL-Containing Fraction of Plasma in Patients with Stages 3 to 5 CKD
Authors: Hung Adriana M. , Tsuchida Yohei , Nowak Kristen L. , Sarkar Sudipa , Chonchol Michel , Whitfield Victoria , Salas Natjalie , Dikalova Anna , Yancey Patricia G. , Huang Jiansheng , Linton MacRae F. , Ikizler T. Alp , Kon Valentina 
Published: April 2019

Background and objectives
Systemic inflammation modulates cardiovascular disease risk and functionality of HDL in the setting of CKD. Whether interventions that modify systemic inflammation can improve HDL function in CKD is unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a post hoc analysis of two randomized, clinical trials, IL-1 trap in participants with GFR 15–59 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (study A) and IL-1 receptor antagonist in participants on maintenance hemodialysis (study B), to evaluate if IL-1 blockade had improved the anti-inflammatory activity (IL-6, TNF-α, and Nod-like receptor protein 3), antioxidant function (superoxide production), and net cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL. HDL function was measured using LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages or peritoneal macrophages of apoE-deficient mice exposed to the apoB-depleted, HDL-containing fraction obtained from the plasma of the study participants, collected before and after the interventions to block IL-1 effects. Analysis of covariance was used for between group comparisons.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 60±13 years, 72% (n=33) were men, and 39% (n=18) were black. There were 32 CKD (16 IL-1 trap and 16 placebo) and 14 maintenance hemodialysis (7 IL-1 receptor antagonist and 7 placebo) participants. Compared with placebo, IL-1 inhibition, in study A and B reduced cellular expression of TNF-α by 15% (P=0.05) and 64% (P=0.02), IL-6 by 38% (P=0.004) and 56% (P=0.08), and Nod-like receptor protein 3 by 16% (P=0.01) and 25% (P=0.02), respectively. The intervention blunted superoxide production in the treated arm compared with placebo, with the values being higher by 17% in the placebo arm in study A (P<0.001) and 12% in the placebo arm in study B (P=0.004). Net cholesterol efflux capacity was not affected by either intervention.

Conclusions
IL-1 blockade improves the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of the HDL-containing fraction of plasma in patients with stages 3–5 CKD, including those on maintenance hemodialysis.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth)
Authors: Perawati Santi , Andriani Lili , Pratiwi Putri 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK
Daun sembung rambat secara tradisional digunakan sebagai obat luka.Oleh karena itu diduga tumbuhan tersebut berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi daun sembung rambat sebagai antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Serbuk daun sembung rambat dimaserasi dengan etanol 70%, dilanjutkan dengan uji fitokimia. Kemudian dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode cakram terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus variasi konsentrasi 5%, 15%, dan 25%. Dari hasil maserasi didapatkan rendemen sebesar 9,37%. Uji fitokimia positif mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, saponin, dan steroid. Uji aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus memiliki kategori daya hambat kuat pada semua konsentrasi. Ekstrak daun Sembung Rambat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang kuat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.

Kata Kunci: Mikania micrantha Kunth; uji fitokimia; antibakteri; Staphylococcus aureus
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA DI KELAS XMIA 4 NEGERI 1 MUARO JAMBI
Authors: - Yulianti - 
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar fisika siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing pada materi usaha dan energi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Setiap siklus melalui tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan,observasi dan evaluasi, analisis dan refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIA 4 SMA Negeri 1 Muaro Jambi tahun ajaran 2016/2017 yang berjumlah 30 siswa yang terdiri dari 9 siswa laki-laki dan 21 siswa perempuan. Instrumen pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari tes hasil belajar berupa tes objektif dan lembar observasi aktivitas siswa dan lembar observasi kegiatan guru. Teknik analisis data aktivitas siswa secara deskriptif kualitatif, data hasil observasi kegiatan guru dan tes hasil belajar dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif (mean, median, modus, standar deviasi maksimum dan minimum). Pada siklus I rata-rata persentase keaktifan siswa hanya 68,18 dan hasil belajar siswa 73,14. Kendala yang ditemukan seperti kurangnya keaktifan bertanya, mengemukakan pendapat mempresentasikan jawaban, menambahkan hasil jawaban, merangkum materi pelajaran. Solusinya adalah guru harus selalu memberi semangat dan motivasi kepada siswa agar terbiasa bertanya, memberikan pendapat, mempresentasikan jawaban, menambahkan hasil jawaban, dan merangkum materi pelajaran. Pada siklus II rata-rata persentase keaktifan siswa menjadi 73,14 dan hasil belajar siswa 74,73. Kendala yang ditemukan yaitu siswa cukup aktif bertanya, mengemukakan pendapat, mempresentasikan jawaban, menambahkan hasil jawaban. Solusinya adalah guru harus selalu memberi semangat dan motivasi kepada siswa agar terbiasa bertanya, memberikan pendapat, mempresentasikan jawaban, menambahkan hasil jawaban. Pada siklus III rata-rata persentase keaktifan siswa menjadi 74,73 dan hasil belajar mencapai KKM yaitu rata-rata 76,36. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Hasil Belajar Fisika Di Kelas X MIA 4 Negeri 1 Muaro Jambi.

Kata kunci: Aktivitas, Hasil Belajar, Model Pembelajara Inkuiri Terbimbing.
PEMBUATAN MODUL ELEKTRONIKA DASAR 1 BERBASIS KONSTRUKTIVISME PADA MATERI SEMIKONDUKTOR
Authors: Dewi Diah Sari 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa modul elektronika dasar 1 berbasis pendekatan konstruktivisme pada materi semikonduktor dan mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa teradap modul tersebut. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development) dengan desain penelitian ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develope, Evaluate). Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa pendidikan fisika Universitas Jambi angkatan 2015. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan meliputi lembar wawancara terbuka, dokumentasi, lembar evaluasi ahli dan angket persepsi. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu : 1) data wawancara dan dokumentasi menggunakan coding, 2) lembar evaluasi dengan menghitung persentase dan 3) data angket persepsi dianalisis dengan cara a) mengubah penilaian kualitatif menjadi kuantitatif, b) menghitung nilai rerata skor tiap indikator, dan c) menginterpretasikan secara kualitatif nilai rata-rata setiap aspek. Adapun produk yang dihasilkan berupa sebuah modul cetak dengan ukuran 16 x 23 cm, cover yang full colour dan didominasi dengan warna kuning. Modul memuat 6 kegiatan pembelajaran yang dibagi dalam empat bab yaitu: 1) bahan semikonduktor, 2) dioda semikonduktor, 3) aplikasi dioda dan 4) transisitor bipolar. Selanjutnya, modul juga menyajikan contoh soal yang menjelaskan langkah-langkah penyelesaianya sehingga mudah dipahami. Modul dibuat berbasis pendekatan konstruktivisme sehingga mahasiswa dapat mengkonstruksi pengetahuan dengan baik. Keunggulan modul terletak pada warna gambar dan lay-out yang menarik dan contoh soal yang dilengkapi dengan langkah-langkah yang mudah dipahami, di mana kedua hal tersebut menutupi kesenjangan yang ada pada buku sumber utama perkuliahan. Kelemahan yang ada pada modul adalah penerapan konstruktivisme belum menyeluruh pada setiap materi. Hasil penelitian persepsi memberikan persentase: 86% pada indikator tampilan modul, 85% untuk penyajian materi dan pada indikator kebermanfaatan modul sebesar 84%, di mana semua hasil termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik.

Kata kunci: modul, elektronika dasar 1, konstruktivisme
Pengembangan Modul Elektronik dengan Pendekatan Saintifik Pokok Bahasan Hukum Termodinamika Untuk SMA/MA Kelas XI
Authors: - Rahmiyati - 
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul elektronik dengan pendekatan saintifik pada pokok bahasan hukum termodinamika dan mengetahui persepsi siswa terhadap modul elektronik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Tahapan yang ada pada model pengembangan ADDIE adalah analyze, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation, di dalam penelitian ini tahapan ADDIE dibatasi sampai tahapan development. Subjek uji coba dalam penelitian ini ialah siswa kelas XI MIPA 5 dan XI MIPA 1 SMAN 1 Muaro Jambi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi, telaah dokumen, angket kebutuhan siswa, angket validasi ahli media, angket validasi ahli materi dan angket persepsi siswa. Teknik analisis data kualitatif yang berupa observasi dan telaah dokumen dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif (reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan) dan disajikan pada tahapan analyze, saran dari validator ahli media dan ahli materi juga dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif (reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan) dan disajikan dalam tahap development, sedangkan skor angket validasi ahli media, ahli materi, dan persepsi siswa dilakukan secara statistik deskriptif dengan penyajian data melalui tabel (Mean, rata-rata ideal dan standar deviasi ideal). Produk yang dihasilkan memiliki spesifikasi antara lain software menggunakan 3D PageFlip Professional, format akhir program .exe, kerangka modul tediri dari cover modul, peta kedudukan modul, kegiatan pembelajaran per sub bab dengan contoh dan latihan soal serta tes formatif akhir, kegitan pembelajaran modul disusun dengan pendekatan saintifik, materi disajikan dengan persamaan yang jelas, gambar, grafik, video, animasi, simulasi, contoh soal dan latihan soal. Adapun keunggulan yang terdapat pada modul elektronik yaitu modul ditampilkan dalam bentuk tiga dimensi, kegiatan pembelajaran disusun agar siswa dapat mengkonstruksi konsep, hukum atau prinsip melalui tahapan pembelajaran. Kelemahan pada modul elektronik yaitu hanya terdapat satu simulasi dikegiatan pembelajaran satu, tidak ada video dan animasi dikegiatan pembelajaran tiga, belum bisa terkoneksi dengan internet dan belum bisa digunakan pada smartphone. Hasil validasi ahli media dan ahli materi terhadap modul elektronik dengan pendekatan saintifik pokok bahasan hukum termodinamika yaitu 69 dan 28 termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik dan baik. Hasil analisis dari persepsi siswa pada uji coba diperoleh skor rata-rata indikator keseluruhan adalah 72,53 yang dikategorikan sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa modulelektronik dengan pendekatan saintifik pokok bahasan hukum termodinamika layak digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan pembelajaran dan dapat diujicobakan dalam pembelajaran secara langsung.
Kata Kunci: Modul Elektronik, Pendekatan Saintifik, Hukum Termodinamika