bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision measurements with kaon and pion decays at CERN
Authors: Bizzeti Andrea 
Published: December 2024

The NA62 measurement of the branching ratio and the di-photon mass spectrum of the K+ → π+γγ decay is presented, together with a preliminary result on the branching fraction of the rare decay π0 → e+e−.
The first observation of the decay K±→π0π0 μ±v(K00μ4) by the NA48/2 experiment at the CERN is also reported, together with the measurement of the branching ratio.
Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective Access to Dibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-Dioxides and Dibenzo[b,e]azepines
Authors: Ghosh Tapas , Mandal Uma Sankar , Ahamed Sk. Shamim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn effective technique that yields dibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide and dibenzo[b,e]azepine derivatives through nickel-catalyzed regioselective intramolecular acetylene hydroarylation is reported. The developed method proceeds without the need for any additional external ligand. This protocol tolerates different functional groups and furnishes the desired products regioselectively in good to excellent yields.
Els processos criminals del segle XVI, espill lingüístic de la vida social
Authors: Casanova Emili 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It deals with the linguistic study of two criminal procedures manuscripts, both dated to around year 1600. The texts, belonging to Catalan-Valencian language, provide good morphosyntactic and lexical information, which show the importance and the need to edit and study documentation of such kind in order to properly understand the evolution of language, because they are verbatim transcripts. Therefore, complementing the study of formal literary and administration texts, not only by discovering new words and linguistic attributes that may have not remained up to the present, but also by fixing the date when many other characteristics first appeared in time.
Typically, the unavailability of similar texts to scholars has not allowed to well-determining, how old and how deep-rooted, some of the discussed phenomena are in linguistic communities. For instance, the preposition ‘a’ + direct object, the final conjunction ‘per a que’; colloquial terms as ‘barandat’, ‘esgolar’, ‘sitara’, or ‘sellavors’; extinct terms like ‘malavejar’, ‘empényer’ and ‘espollegar’; Spanish lexemes like ‘assomar’ or ‘apexugar’.
Criminal procedures, also known Royal Court books, faithfully depict the ancient reality of different people, bringing to light diverse testimonies offered regarding the same facts; usually coexistence related topics. A great mirror of the daily life and customs of an era, which openly gives us their true colloquial and narrative registers, like a perfect voice recorder saving the language of the moment, on precisely dated and located documents.
A rapid method for fabricating and replicating microlens array structures
Authors: Chao Chung-Min , Hsieh Hsiang-Yi , Nagarjuna Yempati 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Microlens arrays (MLAs) play a prominent role and are essential components in the fabrication of 3D imaging and optical systems. Traditional MLA patterns have limited applications, which prompts the demand for novel MLA patterns for advanced applications. The fundamental objective of this study is to demonstrate different types of MLA fabrication process within our department, employing custom-developed equipment for industrial applications. The three distinctive MLA patterns that were designed and developed are symmetrical, non-symmetrical and step-layer pattern MLAs. MATLAB and Auto CAD 2D software were used to design the MLA patterns, and they were developed on a 4 inch silicon wafer using maskless exposure lithography and thermal reflow techniques. The fabricated master mold acts as a template for replicating pattern molds on a glass wafer. Photoresist ma-p-1275 G and polydimethylsiloxane resin were used for pattern development on silicon wafer and glass wafer, respectively. The fabricated MLA patterns were characterized with an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The fabricated MLA pattern replicas offer durability, longevity, reusability and scalability for large-scale productions. The current study offers a comprehensive approach to in-house production on different types of MLA pattern fabrications.
Improving micro-cathode arc thruster durability through semiconductor surface flashover (SSF) ignition technique
Authors: Wang Yanan , Wang Peng , Zhou Kehui , Jin Liyun , Sun Anbang , Ding Weidong , Wang Bo , Han Ruoyu , Yan Jiaqi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The micro-cathode arc thruster is a promising micro-propulsion technology. However, the short service life of the conductive film-triggering units is one of the important factors limited its application. In this study, a novel semiconductor surface flashover (SSF) ignition method is proposed aiming at extending the ignition lifespan. Owing to the inherently different triggering mechanisms and physical processes, the SSF ignition system does not require a balance between ablation and re-deposition processes, which could potentially improve the reliability of the triggering process. It was found that the ignition voltage of the SSF unit increased with the gap distance, whereas that of the conductive carbon film triggering unit remained relatively constant. Furthermore, high-speed photography revealed that the discharge channel continuously ablated the conductive film system throughout the discharge cycle, whereas it had less contact with the semi-conductive ceramic surface, resulting in reduced erosion in the SSF system. Using the SSF unit, 500 000 consecutive ignition tests were conducted, and demonstrating its good reliability.
Preparation of colorful glass/W/V2O5 electrochromic electrodes by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Jiang Chengyu , Zhong Liuwen , Zheng Yang , Ge Rui , Chen Lirong , Zhu Yanqing , Xu Gang , Xiao Xiudi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
V2O5, an inorganic electrochromic (EC) material with rich color variation and natural abundance, has received extensive attention due to its polychromatic properties during the EC process. However, research on achieving multicolor tuning by combining the structural color generated from the light-matter interactions with the EC properties of V2O5 is rare. Here, based on the detailed investigation of the process parameters of V2O5, we propose a new optical design of the colorful EC electrode with the V2O5/W Fabry–Pérot cavity constructed by magnetron sputtering on the glass substrate. By varying the thickness of the top layer of V2O5, the reflective electrodes exhibit seven different initial colors. Importantly, the designed EC electrode exhibits a vivid and rich wide color gamut when applying a voltage of −0.6–1.6 V. After 200 cycles, the color of the EC electrode and device can still change, demonstrating the potential of the glass/W/V2O5 EC electrodes in the fields such as camouflage and anti-counterfeiting.
Dual-cameras terahertz imaging with multi-kilohertz frame rates and high sensitivity via Rydberg-atom vapor
Authors: Li Xianzhe , Li Tao , Wan Jun , Zhang Bin , Huang Qirong , Yang Xinyu , Feng Lie , Zhang Kaiqing , Huang Wei , Deng Haixiao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) imaging holds increasing importance across various scientific fields and practical applications due to its unique characteristics. However, achieving high sensitivity and high frame rates simultaneously remains a major challenge for most current THz imaging techniques. In this paper, we demonstrate an improved THz imaging system based on Rydberg-atom vapor, which converts THz waves into visible fluorescence. A high-sensitivity camera and a high-speed camera are used simultaneously to capture the visible fluorescence. Specifically, for a 0.55 THz source, a sensor with a minimum detectable power of 41.7 aW μm−2 at 100 fps and 43 fW μm−2 at 6000 fps has been achieved simultaneously, with an effective imaging area larger than 100 mm2. To demonstrate the spectral properties, the measured spectrum of the emitted fluorescence is presented with a high resolution of 0.1 nm. The demonstrated system can promote the development of the Rydberg-atom vapor based THz imaging technique to practical THz imaging frontier applications.
An enhanced GNSS/INS navigation compensation method using LSTM-FPN for bridging GNSS outages
Authors: Zhang Han , Wang Yingli , Shan Shuyuan , Wang Qianxin , Li Mengmeng , Han Fei , Duan Xiaojun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The integrated navigation system combining the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and Inertial Navigation System (INS) is extensively utilized for navigation and positioning, yet it encounters significant accuracy degradation in a GNSS-denied environment due to interference with the GNSS signals. To enhance the positioning accuracy of the integrated GNSS/INS during GNSS outages, this study proposes a compensation method for the GNSS/INS integrated navigation system, assisted by Long Short-Term Memory with Feature Pyramid Network (LSTM-FPN) model. This method corrects navigation errors in the INS by predicting GNSS pseudo-measurements and integrating them with INS. The LSTM-FPN enhances its adaptability to changes at different time scales in time series by extracting and fusing multi-scale temporal features, significantly improving prediction accuracy and the robustness of the model against noise and outliers. The results of real field test demonstrate that compared to pure INS, the LSTM-FPN significantly increases positioning accuracy during GNSS outages of 30 s, 90 s, and 180 s, with improvements of 90.19%, 93.03%, and 98.83%, respectively. Thus, the method effectively enhances positioning accuracy during GNSS outages.
Collision detection and fault diagnosis with DMAO-GRU for flow regulating valve
Authors: Liu Bang , Fu Zhuang , Hua Zuohao , Zhang Jiazheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fault diagnosis and condition monitoring are critical to the real-time and accurate flow regulation of the flow regulating valve. For the blockage fault, one of the main types of flow control valve faults, this paper proposes a collision detection and fault diagnosis method based on gated recurrent unit (GRU) and dynamic model-based adaptive external torque observer (DMAO). Firstly, combined with the generalized momentum, the DMAO based on multi-layer perceptron and system dynamic model is constructed. Compared with the dynamic model with fixed parameters, the estimation error is reduced by 25%. Secondly, this paper proposes a collision detection method based on DMAO-GRU. In the absence of an accurate dynamic model, the optimal performance of collision detection is achieved by parameter adaptive estimation and time series signal modeling technology, compared with other detection methods. Moreover, according to the estimation of DMAO and collision detection results, this paper proposes a method to detect the degree of valve port blockage and realizes condition monitoring and fault-tolerant control.
Physics teachers’ perceptions of using physical computing to develop future skills in school students
Authors: Alotaibi Afra Mohammed , Alshehri Saad Zafir 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore physics teachers’ perceptions of the role of physical computing in developing future skills of school students in Saudi Arabia. Quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to 45 physics teachers who had integrated physical computing in their classrooms. The study provides some insights into the variations of those perceptions based on demographic variables such as teachers’ gender, qualifications, teaching experience and type of microcontroller used. The findings suggest that physical computing has a significant role in developing future skills among students. Recommendations for employing Fourth Industrial Revolution approaches and including physical computing in teacher professional development are provided. From the viewpoint of physics teachers, this paper fills a significant gap in physical computing’s role in developing future skills among students.
Investigation of hydrogen peroxide yields and oxygen consumption in high dose rate irradiation: a TOPAS-nBio Monte Carlo study
Authors: Shin Wook-Geun , D-Kondo J Naoki , Ramos-Méndez José , LaVerne Jay A , Rothwell Bethany , Bertolet Alejandro , McNamara Aimee , Faddegon Bruce , Paganetti Harald , Schuemann Jan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. TOPAS-nBio enables users to simulate dose rate-dependent radiation chemical yields in water radiolysis accounting for inter-track and long-term chemistry for pulsed irradiation. This study aims to extend the TOPAS-nBio chemistry for the special case of continuous high-dose rate scenario, where both intertrack and longer time reactions need to be considered, and to quantitatively validate the extended framework by comparing the results with experimental data. Approach. The inter-track chemistry and escape G-values were first evaluated by the independent reaction time method. The escaping molecules were assumed to have a temporally continuous distribution based on the G-values using the Gillespie algorithm. The simulation results were comprehensively validated by comparing with the experimental data at different dose rates, temporal pulse shapes, and solutions. In addition, the influence of various factors, such as the chemistry model, simulation volume, temperature, pH concentration, and organic carbon contamination, was evaluated. Main results. The validation results showed that the H2O2 concentration and O2 consumption increased with dose rate, and agreed within 3% with experimental data. Computational factors related to the chemistry model and volume size were negligible. pH and temperature had an impact of less than 10% in the experimental range. The presence of organic carbon and resulting reactions doubled H2O2 yields and significantly increased O2 consumption by about an order of magnitude at lower dose rates, while the results are almost unchanged at higher dose rates. Consequently, the dose rate dependence of H2O2 yields and O2 consumption were reversed at a certain organic carbon concentration compared to the pure water results. Significance. The extended TOPAS-nBio chemistry framework enables the reproduction of the dose-rate dependent radiation chemical yields of several experimental studies at different dose rates, temporal pulse shapes, and solutions. This new functionality is necessary to investigate recent high dose rate (FLASH) experimental results.
Pairwise hemorrhage-brain region interaction-driven hemorrhagic stroke assessment in CT
Authors: Liang Wei , Wu Haixiong , Guo Hongbin , Huang Zhanyao , Liang Shibin , Zhang Jinhuang , Zhang Huiling , Ma Xiangyuan , Xu Zibi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. Hemorrhagic stroke is a major global health problem requiring rapid and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Despite advances, current computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) frameworks rarely account for the functional impacts of hemorrhages on specific critical brain regions and lack the detailed assessments essential for precise treatment. To provide detailed insights into hemorrhages, we aim to propose a CAD framework for in-depth hemorrhagic stroke assessment in computed tomography (CT). The framework includes segmenting hemorrhages and critical brain regions, intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) classification for identifying hemorrhages in critical brain regions and detecting hemorrhage volume. Approach. To capture the complex interactions between hemorrhages and critical brain regions, we developed the pairwise hemorrhage-brain regions interaction (PHRI) Network. Its emphasis a novel interaction head that integrates feature on hemorrhages, brain regions, and their interdependencies, enabling the model to learn these relationships during training. In addition, a Global-Local Fusion Unit was introduced to provide with image-wide contextual information, and an uncertainty-weighted loss method was utilized to simultaneously optimise the multitask framework. With institutional review board approval, an in-house hemorrhagic stroke dataset was collected, including 2,764 CT slices from 99 patients. A five-fold cross-validation was used to train and test the models. Main Results. The proposed PHRI network was experimentally validated to effectively extract hemorrhage brain region interactions, thereby significantly outperforming several state-of-the-art models in both hemorrhage and critical brain region segmentation, with an average Dice of 0.9064 ± 0.1079 (P

<

0.05), as well as in IPH classification, with an F1-Score of 0.8366. Additionally, the framework demonstrated good performance in hemorrhage volume detection, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.981. Significance. This study introduces a CAD framework for hemorrhagic stroke assessment, offering a novel approach that emphasizes relationships between hemorrhages and critical brain regions.
Analysis of deformation behavior of elliptical perforated auxetic metamaterials using a modified rotating square model
Authors: Wang Junjie , Zhang Mengchen , Zhu Yazhi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although numerous studies have investigated the mechanical behavior of perforated auxetic metamaterials, elements, and structures, an efficient theoretical framework for quantifying the elastic properties of these extraordinary materials remains lacking. This study introduces a modified rotating square model that incorporates the deformation characteristics of auxetic materials with elliptical perforations, providing a more accurate representation of their behavior with idealized rigid square-spring–rod model. Finite element modeling of a representative unit cell of the metamaterial was employed to establish a database for parameter calibration and validation of the proposed analytical model. The results indicate that the deformation mechanism of the metamaterial is dominated by rotational deformation localized at the minimum ligaments between neighboring holes. The model predicts the elastic properties of the auxetic metamaterials with errors lower than 25%, demonstrating its effectiveness in capturing the complex deformation mechanisms of elliptical perforated auxetic structures. Additionally, the model contributes to developing design equations for lateral stiffness and shear strength in steel plate shear walls with elliptical perforated auxetic web plates. Future studies could extend the proposed model to other perforated auxetic metamaterials with various hole shapes.
Nonplanar wave modulation and rogue wave formation in lunar dusty plasma
Authors: Sabry R , Abdelwahed H G , Moslem W M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Motivated by the coming lunar missions, namely Luna-25 and Luna-27, scheduled for landing in the coming years, the investigation of the properties and characteristics of lunar dust, which, in contrast to terrestrial dust, adversely affects technology and creates significant risks to humans. As the Moon orbits Earth, plasma from its surroundings impacts its surface and dust grains above and below; thus, about one-third of the moon's orbit is occupied by the tail magnetosphere, which is thicker and more energetic than the tail regions’ very thin plasma. Therefore, investigating the plasma properties in this region is of interest to avoid any unfavorable waves that may affect on the space vessels electronics. For this purpose, we use a three-component plasma fluid model study non-planar nonlinear electrostatic wave modulation on the lunar dark side. A non-planar, nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is derived to examine the nonlinear wave envelope, which is produced from the dynamics of lunar negatively charged dust particles, positively charged ions, and Maxwellian electrons. Slow and fast dust-ion acoustic modes exist. The instability region allows the occurrence of nonlinear wave envelopes in the form of rogue waves. The latter are proposed as a physical, temporal, and spatial concentration of energy within a localized wave packet, which is sufficient to establish accumulation particles and influence the overall stability of the environment. The relative ion-to-electron temperature ratio enhances the fast mode's maximum growth rate. The growth rate of modulational instability for the spherical mode is lower than that for the cylindrical mode.
Dynamic behavior and modulation instability for a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonlocal nonlinearity
Authors: Zhang Kun , Cao Jiangping , Lyu Jingjing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper focus on the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with triple refractive index and nonlocal nonlinearity, which is used to describe the evolution state of optical solitons in fiber optic propagation. Firstly, the complex exponential traveling wave transformation and substitution method are utilized to convert the equation into two-dimensional planar dynamic system, and then by phase portrait the developmental patterns of solutions are qualitatively analyzing. Meanwhile, the evolution of solutions under different disturbances in the system is discussed. Qualitative analysis of the system are displayed through Poincaré section and sensitivity analysis. Finally, the instability of the system is modulated by using linear stability analysis method, and the corresponding conditions for steady-state solutions and the gain spectrum function are obtained.
Optimized leakage control in CMOS NAND gates: the in-triggering technique
Authors: Arya Rachana , Singh Bijoy Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Leakage power, now the largest contributor to integrated circuit power consumption, is rising quickly, according to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). As CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) technology continues to shrink to deep submicron levels, gate leakage and subthreshold have become important components that contribute to total power dissipation. To address this problem, many methods have been put forth, especially at the circuit level. In 45 nm CMOS, variability and short-channel effects limit noise margins and compromise gate delays, thereby compromising the timing closure and robustness of ultra-low voltage circuits. The resulting supply voltage guardband may reduce energy efficiency in order to achieve a reasonable production yield. Furthermore, the high leakage currents of these technologies decrease energy efficiency when idle intervals are prolonged. In this study, two designs of a novel two-input NAND gate at 45 nm CMOS technology are constructed using eight transistors (8-T). A novel circuit technique named ‘In-Triggering (INDEP with Bi-Triggering)’ is presented in this study with the goal of lowering subthreshold leakage in digital circuits. This method is thoroughly contrasted with other leakage reduction strategies now in use, such as Base, Sleepy LECTOR, LECTOR, INDEP, and Bi-Triggering procedures. Evaluation is done using key performance measures such power-delay product (PDP), latency, subthreshold leakage power, and total power consumption. 45-nm Predictive Technology Models (PTM) with a nominal supply voltage of 1 V are used in the investigation. According to our findings, the suggested In-Triggering technique outperforms the conventional NAND gate in terms of speed by 12% and significantly reduces leakage power by up to 56%. Furthermore, compared to the Base, Trig01, and INDEP NAND gates, the method offers mean power savings of 58.8%, 36.1%, and 30.7%, respectively. At supply voltages of 1 V, a comprehensive comparison and verification are then conducted utilizing the several proposed and existing methodologies. The effectiveness of the In-Triggering technique in reducing leakage power in CMOS circuits is confirmed by comparing these results to the most well-known design strategies for both active operation and sleep modes.