bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccine Dropout Rate and Associated Factors Among Childeren Age 12-23 Month in Shewa Robit Town, North Shewa Zone, Amahra Region, Ethiopia, A community Based Cross-sectional Study Design
Authors: Yehualashet Sisay Shewasinad , Nigussie Yalew Dessie , Yilema Tirsit Dereje , Mengiste Semu Tegene , Alemu Yoseph Terefe 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Immunization against disease is one of the most important public health interventions with cost effective means of preventing childhood morbidity, mortality, and disability. However, children in Africa was not fully immunized with in the recommended vaccines thus, many children are still susceptible to the expanded program on immunization target disease. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of vaccine dropout rate and associated factors among children age 12-23 month in Shewa Robit town in 2019.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted from April 5 to April 10, 2019 with a total of 432 mothers/caregivers who have children 12-23 month of age were include in the study. Template was prepared and the data was entered, categorized, coded, and summarized using Epi data version 3.1 and analysis by using SSPSS version 21 for further analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to see the association of each categories of variable with the outcome variable. Significance was checked at 95% CI with p-value <0.05.Result: From the total 432 children 392(90.7%) were fully vaccinated and the BCG- Measle dropout rate were 9.3%. Occupation of mothers/caregiver’s being student (AOR: 0.075(0.006,0.971)), distance of time to reach health facility <15 minute (OR:15.617(2.06, 118.4) and ANC follow-up of mothers/caregivers(AOR:4.87(1.39,16.98)) were significantly associated to vaccine dropout rate.Conclusion: The overall immunization dropout rate in Shewa Robit town was 9.3% in 2019. Time to reach health facility, ANC follow-up of mothers and occupation of mother were statistically significant predictors of vaccine dropout rate of children.
Differences in Muscle Strength, Balance Function, Quality of Life, and Fatigue Levels between Cancer Survivors and Healthy Subjects: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Morishita Shinichiro , Hirabayashi Ryo , Tsubaki Atsuhiro , Aoki Osamu , Fu Jack B , Onishi Hideaki , Tsuji Tetsuya 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objectives　We aimed to investigate the differences as well as the relationship between muscle strength, balance function, quality of life (QOL), and fatigue in cancer survivors and healthy subjects. Design A cross-sectional observational study.Setting The Relay For Life Niigata in JapanParticipants Forty-one cancer survivors and 33 healthy subjects were included. Methods Muscle strength was evaluated via handgrip and knee extensor strength. Balance function was evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and body sway was tested using a force platform. QOL was assessed using the Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. Fatigue was measured using the brief fatigue inventory. Results Cancer survivors exhibited significantly decreased muscle strength, higher TUG, lower QOL, and higher fatigue than healthy subjects (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups for any parameters of the body sway tests. There was a relationship between body sway test and QOL (P < 0.05) among cancer survivors. Additionally, some subscales for fatigue and QOL (P < 0.05) were related among cancer survivors; these relationships were stronger than those observed among healthy subjects. Conclusion Cancer survivors have the same balance function as healthy subjects despite a decrease in muscle strength. Cancer survivors initially tend to have decreased muscle strength, and thereafter worse balance function.
American foulbrood in a honeybee colony: spore-symptom relationship and feedbacks between disease and colony development
Authors: Stephan Jörg G , De Miranda Joachim Rodrigues , Forsgren Eva 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The most severe bacterial disease of honeybees is American foulbrood (AFB). The epidemiology of AFB is driven by the extreme spore resilience, the difficulty of bees to remove these spores, and the considerable incidence of subclinical, spore-producing colonies. Collective defence and its feedback on colony development involves role allocation at multiple levels in colony organization and are difficult to model. To better predict disease outbreaks we need to understand the feedback between colony development and disease progression within the colony. We therefore developed Bayesian models with data from 40 infected colonies monitored over an entire foraging season to (i) investigate the spore-symptom relationship, (ii) disentangle the feedback loops between disease epidemiology and natural colony development, and (iii) discuss whether larger insect societies promote or limit within-colony disease transmission. Results: Rather than identifying a fixed spore count threshold for clinical symptoms, we estimated the probabilities around the relationship between spore counts and symptoms, taking into account modulators such as brood amount/number of bees and time post infection. We identified a decrease over time in the bees-to-brood ratio related to disease development, which should ultimately induce colony collapse. Lastly, two contrasting theories predict that larger colonies could promote either higher (classical epidemiological SIR-model) or lower (increasing spatial nest segregation and more effective pathogen removal) disease prevalence. Conclusions: AFB followed the predictions of the SIR-model, partly because the hygienic behaviour of brood removal and disease prevalence are decoupled with worker bees acting as disease vectors, infecting new brood. We therefore established a direct link between disease prevalence and social group size for a eusocial insect.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a safe and effective method to treat intrathoracic unicentric Castleman’s disease
Authors: Wang Yan-qing , Li Shan-qing , Guo Feng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare non-clonal lymphadenopathy. Application of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATs) in intrathoracic unicentric Castleman's disease (UCD) is rarely reported. This study is aimed to clarify the role of VATs for diagnosis and treatment in intrathoracic UCD. Methods: The authors reviewed and identified patients who had received a histologic diagnosis of CD through VATs at our hospital from January2010 to June 2018. Clinical and radiologic variables, histopathology, type of approach, complications, and long-term effect were analyzed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of VATs. Results: A total of 10 patients were included in this study, with 8 hyaline vascular type and 2 plasma cell type. The mean maximum diameter of the lesions was 4.66cm. Nine cases underwent complete surgical excision by VATs, and 1 case was converted to thoracotomy. All patients had no postoperative complications. With a median follow-up of 5 years (range: 1-9 years), no tumor recurrence was found in 9 patients receiving complete tumor resection, and 1 patient with incomplete tumor resection remained symptom free without clinical or radiographic progression. Conclusions: VATs is an acceptable, minimally invasive technique which results in excellent rates of cure in patients with intrathoracic UCD.
Heme Oxygenase-1 and Neopterin Plasma/Serum Levels and their role in Diagnosing Active and Latent TB among HIV/TB Co-Infected Patients
Authors: Esther Uwimaana , Bagaya Bernard S , Castelnuovo Barbara , Kateete David P , Godwin Anguzu , Kiwanuka Noah , Whalen Christopher C. , Joloba Moses 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis(TB) diagnosis in the presence of HIV co-infection remains challenging. Heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) and neopterin have been validated as potential biomarkers for TB diagnosis. Infection of macrophages with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M .tb ) causes the production of HO-1 and neopterin and previous studies have shown these to be markers of immune activation. This study was conducted to determine the levels of HO-1 and neopterin and their utility in the diagnosis of TB among individuals enrolled in the Community Health and Social Network of Tuberculosis(COHSONET) study and the Kampala TB Drug Resistance Survey(KDRS).

Methods: A total of 210 participants were enrolled in a study of a diagnostic method aimed at determining the levels of HO-1 and neopterin and determine their diagnostic accuracy as biomarkers in TB diagnosis from March to May 2019. M. tb culture was performed on sputum to confirm active TB(ATB) and QuantiFERON TB gold test to confirm latent TB infection(LTBI). ELISAs were performed to determine the levels of HO-1 and neopterin. Data analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves to determine the diagnostic accuracy.

Results: HO-1 levels among ATB/HIV patients, LTBI/HIV patients and TB negative individuals were 10.7ng/ml (IQR: 7.3-12.7ng/ml), 7.5ng/ml (IQR: 5.4-14.1ng/ml), 3.3ng/ml (IQR: 2.0-7.1ng/ml) respectively. Neopterin levels among ATB/HIV patients, LTBI/HIV patients and TB negative individuals were 11.7ng/ml (IQR: 5.219.4ng/ml), 8.8ng/ml (IQR: 2.4-19.8ng/ml), and 5.9ng/ml (IQR: 3.410.2ng/ml) respectively. HO-1 showed a sensitivity of 78.57% and a specificity of 71.43% with area under the curve(AUC) of 0.839 when used to diagnose ATB. HO-1 showed AUC of 0.79, sensitivity of 70% and specificity 70% when used to diagnose LTB. Neopterin showed a sensitivity of 61.43% and a specificity of 74.29% with AUC 0.71 when used to diagnose ATB. Neopterin as a biomarker in LTB diagnosis showed AUC of 0.56 which was not significant.

Conclusion: HO-1 and neopterin are valuable diagnostic biomarkers for ATB and LTB which could be further utilized to develop less costly rapid diagnostic tools to overcome current TB diagnostic challenges.
Evaluation of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for Second-line Tuberculosis Drug Concentrations in Small Hair Samples
Authors: Metcalfe John , Bacchetti Peter , Esmail Ali , Reckers Andrew , Aguilar David , Wen Anita , Huo Shu , Muyindike Winnie R. , Hahn Judith A. , Dheda Keertan , Gandhi Monica , Gerona Roy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background
Treatment monitoring of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in resource-limited settings is challenging. We developed a multi-analyte assay for eleven anti-TB drugs in small hair samples as an objective metric of drug exposure.
Methods
Small hair samples were collected from participants at various timepoints during directly-observed MDR/XDR-TB treatment at an inpatient tertiary referral facility in South Africa (DR-TB cohort). We assessed an LC-MS/MS index panel assay including isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ethionamide, prothionamide, linezolid, clofazimine, pretomanid, and bedaquiline against a reference standard of inpatient treatment records. Because treatment regimens prior to hospitalization were not available, we also analyzed specificity (for all drugs except isoniazid) using an external cohort of HIV-positive patients treated for latent TB infection with daily isoniazid (HIV/LTBI cohort) in Uganda.
Results
Among the 57 DR-TB patients (58% with pre-XDR/XDR-TB; 70% HIV-positive) contributing analyzable hair samples, the sensitivity of the investigational assay was 94% or higher for all drugs except ethionamide (58.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 40.7-99.9). Assay specificity was low across all tested analytes within the DR-TB cohort; conversely, assay specificity was 100% for all drugs in the HIV/LTBI cohort.
Conclusions
We developed an 11-drug panel assay to quantitatively ascertain drug exposure within second- and third-line DR-TB treatment regimens. Because hair concentrations reflect long-term exposure, multiple successive regimens commonly employed in DR-TB treatment may result in apparent false-positive qualitative and falsely elevated quantitative hair drug levels when prior treatment histories are not known.
Effectiveness of a village-based intervention for depression in community-dwelling older adults: a randomised feasibility study
Authors: Oh In Mok , Cho Maeng Je , Hahm Bong-Jin , Kim Byung-Soo , Sohn Jee Hoon , Suk Hye Won , Jung Bu Young , Kim Hye Jung , Kim Hyeon A , Choi Ki Bok , You Da Hye , Lim Ah Reum , Park In Ok , Ahn Jeung Hyuck , Lee Hee , Kim Yeon Hee , Kim Mi Ra , Park Jee Eun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Although a focus on late-life depression may help preventing suicide in older adults, many older people, especially those living in rural areas, have relatively low accessibility to treatment. This study examined the feasibility and effectiveness of a village-based intervention for depression targeting older adults living in rural areas.Methods A community-based randomised pilot trial was performed in two small rural villages in South Korea. Two villages were randomly selected and assigned to the intervention or active control group; all older adults living in the two villages (n = 451) were included in the intervention program or received standard Community Mental Health Service (CMHS) care, and the effectiveness of the program was examined using representative samples from both groups (n = 160). The 12-week intervention included case management according to individual risk level and group-based activities. Healthy residents living in the intervention village who played major roles in monitoring at-risk older individuals were supervised by CMHS staff. The score on the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (SGDS-K) was the primary outcome, while social network, functional status, and global cognitive function were secondary outcomes. Linear mixed models including the factors of intervention group, time, and their interaction were used to examine group differences in changes in primary and secondary outcomes from baseline to follow up.Results Overall, there was no significant group × time interaction with respect to the SGDS-K score, but older individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline (SGDS-K ≥ 6) tended to have a lower likelihood of progressing to severe depression at post-intervention. The social network was strengthened in the intervention group, and there was a significant group × time interaction ( F [ df1, df2 ], 5.29 [1, 153], p = 0.023).Conclusion This study examined a 12-week village-based intervention for late-life depression in which the CMHS helped village-dwellers deal with late-life depression in their communities. Although the intervention improved social interactions among older adults, it did not reduce depressive symptoms. Further studies including more rural villages and long-term follow up are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this prevention program.
The Iranian Version of Theory-Based Intention for Cesarean Section (IR-TBICS) Scale: Development and First Evaluation
Authors: Naghibi Seyed Abolhassan , Khazaee-Pool Maryam , Moosazadeh Mahmood 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The rate of mothers experiencing a cesarean section in the absence of medical signs is growing in the world. Women beliefs and intentions have an essential role in the request or choosing a delivery method. At present, there is no comprehensive, validated scale for assessing pregnant women' beliefs about cesarean section in the Iranian population. This study performed to develop and assess the validity and reliability of the belief-based cesarean section scale using the theory of reason action (TRA) constructs as a theoretical framework for measuring intention toward delivery method selection. Methods: In this cross-sectional validation study, 480 pregnant women were recruited of Sari, north of Iran, through a multi-stage random sampling approach. Content validity was examined using the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). Furthermore, both exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were applied to assess the construct validity of the developed scale. Reliability was measured by internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Results obtained from factor analysis showed that the data were fit to the model (χ2= 2298.389, P<0.001) and TRA consisted of 24 items assessing five domains which describing 62.46% of the common variance. The CFA showed a model with suitable fitness for the data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the domains of the scale ranged from .609 to .843, and the ICC value ranged from .71 to .84, which is within satisfactory ranges. Conclusion: The belief-based cesarean section scale is a reliable instrument and now is suitable and appropriate and can be applied in other researches. Keywords: Cesarean section, Intention, Scale development, Psychometrics, Pregnant women
Predicting the polybromo-1 (PBRM1) mutation of a clear cell renal cell carcinoma using computed tomography images and KNN classification with random subspace
Authors: Ökmen Harika Beste , Guvenis Albert , Uysal Hadi 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: Molecular genetic knowledge of clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (CCRCC) plays an important role in predicting the prognosis and may be used as a guide in treatment decisions and the conception of clinical trials. It would then be desirable to predict these mutations non-invasively from CT images which are already available for CCRCC patients. Methods: TCGAKIRC data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) image dataset. We used 191 patient data of which 63 were associated with PBRM1 mutations. The tumors were delineated by a radiologist with over 10 years of experience, on slices that displayed the largest diameter of the tumor. Features were extracted and normalized. After feature selection, the KNN classification with Random Subspace method was used as it is known to have advantages over the simple k-nearest-neighbor method. Results: Prediction accuracy for PBRM1 was found 83.8 %. Conclusions: A single slice of the CT scan image of CCRCC can be used for predicting PBRM1 mutations using KNN classification in Random Subspaces with an acceptable accuracy.
Gingerbread with Fruit Filling: Preservation Factor Assessment
Authors: Кондратьев Николай , Kondratev Nikolay , Федорко Ксения , Fedorko Ksenia , Крылова Эмилия , Krylova Emilia , Пестерев Михаил , Pesterev Mikhail , Осипов Максим , Osipov Maxim 
Published: September 2019

The ratio of ‘bound’ and ‘free’ water plays an important role in the studies of staling of various baked confectionery products. Gingerbread with fruit filling is a traditional flour confectionery product with intermediate moisture, which causes transfer processes during storage. Temperature, relative humidity, light exposure, mechanical stress, and pressure affect the staling speed of such confectionery products. The shelf life of raw gingerbread was increased from 10–20 days to more than two months, which caused microbiological deterioration during storage. Moisture transfer between the filling and the crumb increases water activity
and ruins the capillary structure of gingerbread during storage, thus significantly increasing the risk of microbiological damage. The present research featured the changes in the mass fraction of moisture and water activity of individual parts of raw gingerbread with fruit filling during storage at different temperatures and relative air humidity. The samples were packed in a 40-micron polypropylene film. During storage, the mass fraction of moisture and water activity may change in various parts of the product, which can lead to their molding. In this case, starch degradation processes led to the destruction of the structure and a decrease in the content of mechanically-bound moisture, as well as to the release of ‘free’ water and an increase in water activity. As a result, the risk of molding increased significantly. The water activity increased from 0.71 to 0.79 on the sample surface after six weeks of storage at 30°C and a 40% of equilibrium relative humidity. A set of experiments in microbiological indicators revealed no signs of molding in the freshly prepared samples. After one month of storage, the amount of mold reached 10 CFU/g. The quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms in different parts of the crumb increased from 3×10 to 9×102 CFU/g and in the filling – from 1×10 to 2.3×103 CFU/g. After two months of storage, the amount of mold reached more than 103 COE/g, which greatly exceeds safety norms. As the relative air humidity increased from 30% to 40%, the moisture transfer rate between the products and the environment was reduced by half. As a result, the shelf life decreased by 1–2 weeks. The research also studied the patterns of moisture transfer processes in summer and winter conditions. The research results contribute to the development of technology and shelf life forecasting for complex flour confectionery products with intermediate moisture.
Assessing the Biological Value of Milk Obtained from Various Farm Animals
Authors: Оразов Аян , Orazov Ayan , Надточий Людмила , Nadtochii Lyudmila , Сафронова Анна , Safronova Anna 
Published: September 2019

The present paper features a comparative analysis of the biological value of milk obtained from cows, goats, mares, and camels. The biological value of the milk was estimated by protein and lipid components using computational methods of food combinatorics. According to the chemical composition of the milk, camel’s milk proved to have the highest protein content (4.0%). Cow’s and goat’s milk were much poorer in protein: its content was by 0.8 and 1% lower, respectively. The lowest weight fraction of protein was in mare’s milk, which was by 1.8% lower than in camel’s milk, and also by 0.8 and 1% lower if compared to goat’s and cow’s milk. In addition, mare’s milk differed from other types of dairy raw products by its lowest fat content (1.0%), which was 4.1, 3.2, and 2.6% lower than the fat content of the milk obtained from camels, goats, and cows, respectively. The high fat content of camel’s milk was associated with its highest energy content (82 kcal), while the energy content in goat’s milk was 14 kcal, cow’s milk – 17 kcal and mare’s milk – 41 kcal. Camel’s and goat’s milk had a high content of solids (15% and 13.4%, respectively), whereas mare’s milk had only 10.7% and cow’s milk – 11%. The paper also introduces some data on the protein component of the milk obtained by using the amino acid scoring method. Mare’s milk proved to have the highest value of the amino acid composition index (0.6), which over-indexed the values for cow’s, goat’s, and camel’s milk by 0.13, 0.14 and 0.18, respectively. The biological value of the lipid component of the product is characterized by its qualitative composition of fatty acids. The highest values of the index of fatty acid composition belonged to mare’s milk: 0.58 and 0.42, taking into account the 3 and 5 calculation components. Camel’s milk was found inferior to mare’s milk by 0.9. The lowest values of the lipid composition index were observed for cow’s and goat’s milk. The research involved a complex calculation of the level of balance in the composition of milk. All the livestock animals were rated according to the Harrington’s scale of desirability as ‘satisfactory’ by the third component of the estimation, but
the highest numerical values of the level of balance belonged to mare’s milk. To optimize this indicator, the authors recommend livestock animal milk as an ingredient of complex raw commodity products.