bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIAGNÓSTICO QUALI-QUANTITATIVO DA ARBORIZAÇÃO VIÁRIA DE BONITO, MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Zamproni Kendra , Biondi Daniela , Ribeiro Botelho de Carvalho Maria Tamara , Almeida Louveira Fernando 
Published: April 2018

O diagnóstico da arborização viária é fundamental para o planejamento e manutenção desse patrimônio de modo a maximizar os benefícios proporcionados pelas árvores nas cidades. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar o diagnóstico quali-quantitativo da arborização viária do município de Bonito (MS). Para tanto, foram contabilizados todos os indivíduos da área pavimentada do município. Para avaliação qualitativa, realizou-se um inventário por amostragem aleatória com parcelas lineares de 400 m de comprimento. Foram avaliados: espécie; altura total; altura de bifurcação; CAP; diâmetro de copa; condição fitossanitária; necessidade de tratamento; e condição de raiz. Foram encontrados 6.524 indivíduos na área pavimentada de Bonito (MS). Verificou-se o predomínio da espécie Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch. (oiti), que compunha 63,27% da arborização viária. A distribuição em classes de área de copa demonstrou alta proporção de indivíduos com área de copa pequena, provenientes de arborização jovem e podas inadequadas. Cerca de 80% dos indivíduos tinham altura da primeira bifurcação inferior a 1,8 m. Mais de 50% das árvores foram classificadas como regulares, com condição física e vigor medianos. A adoção de medidas de manejo e manutenção adequadas para a aborização viária proporcionarão um ambiente de melhor qualidade e valorizarão ainda mais o município.
Dwight Davis and the Foundation of the Davis Cup in Tennis: Just Another Doubleday Myth?
Authors: Eaves Simon J. , Lake Robert J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Dwight F. Davis is widely credited with having invented, or at least conceived, the original idea for the international tennis competition that bears his name, the Davis Cup. This paper aims to debunk this myth through comprehensive critical analysis of the period preceding Davis’s apparent epiphany in 1899. Previous national-team-based competitions are investigated, alongside key figures in American and British/Irish tennis, to demonstrate that numerous others had proposed the idea for an international team-based competition long before Davis and that Davis may have appropriated his idea from others with whom he came into contact. Davis’s wealthy background, political ambitions, and model-American image arguably helped smooth the process of his idea being officially accepted by the United States National Lawn Tennis Association, which likely saw in Davis a perfect “front-man” for American tennis at a time when the nation used sporting prowess to promote its identity, particularly in relation to the British, in international sporting competition.
A Rare Dispersion of Low‐Salinity, High‐Gelbstoff, High‐Primary Production Water in the East China Sea During the Summer of 2010: Possible Influence of the ENSO
Authors: Siswanto Eko , Xu Yongjiu , Ishizaka Joji 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe applied ocean color algorithms and a primary production model to a 13‐year ocean color data set to assess interannual variations of Changjiang‐influenced water (CIW) dispersion, with an emphasis on the unusual CIW dispersion during July 2010. The characteristics of the CIW offshore dispersion were primarily driven by alongshore winds and secondarily by the Changjiang discharge, the interannual variations of which were linked to the El Niño/La Niña. The unusual southeastward dispersion of CIW in July 2010 was attributed to a relatively weak southwesterly wind (with southwesterly wind anomalies) and high Changjiang discharge (after the El Niño peak in winter). In July 2010, the CIW, which is characterized by low‐salinity, high‐gelbstoff, and high‐primary production, intruded into the Kuroshio Current axis to form a rare band of CIW that flowed toward an area south of Japan. The southeastward dispersion of CIW in July 2003 was also unusual, but it did not extend as far as in July 2010, perhaps because of the relatively strong southwesterly winds and low Changjiang discharge in July 2003. During La Niña events, the dispersion of CIW retreated toward the coast due to prevailing northeasterly wind anomalies. We confirmed that the CIW in July 2010 was characterized by low‐salinity, abundant phytoplankton biomass, and high biological production. The fact that high biological production and the peak of Changjiang discharge occurred in the same month (July) in 2010 indicated that biogeochemical production stimulated by nutrients from the Changjiang was higher than during normal summer conditions.
Overview of the Arctic Sea State and Boundary Layer Physics Program
Authors: Thomson Jim , Ackley Stephen , Girard‐Ardhuin Fanny , Ardhuin Fabrice , Babanin Alex , Boutin Guillaume , Brozena John , Cheng Sukun , Collins Clarence , Doble Martin , Fairall Chris , Guest Peter , Gebhardt Claus , Gemmrich Johannes , Graber Hans C. , Holt Benjamin , Lehner Susanne , Lund Björn , Meylan Michael H. , Maksym Ted , Montiel Fabien , Perrie Will , Persson Ola , Rainville Luc , Erick Rogers W. , Shen Hui , Shen Hayley , Squire Vernon , Stammerjohn Sharon , Stopa Justin , Smith Madison M. , Sutherland Peter , Wadhams Peter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA large collaborative program has studied the coupled air‐ice‐ocean‐wave processes occurring in the Arctic during the autumn ice advance. The program included a field campaign in the western Arctic during the autumn of 2015, with in situ data collection and both aerial and satellite remote sensing. Many of the analyses have focused on using and improving forecast models. Summarizing and synthesizing the results from a series of separate papers, the overall view is of an Arctic shifting to a more seasonal system. The dramatic increase in open water extent and duration in the autumn means that large surface waves and significant surface heat fluxes are now common. When refreezing finally does occur, it is a highly variable process in space and time. Wind and wave events drive episodic advances and retreats of the ice edge, with associated variations in sea ice formation types (e.g., pancakes, nilas). This variability becomes imprinted on the winter ice cover, which in turn affects the melt season the following year.
Shortcut Models Based on Molecular Structure for Life Cycle Impact Assessment: The Case of the FineChem Tool and Beyond
Authors: Papadokonstantakis Stavros , Baxevanidis Pantelis , Marcoulaki Effie , Badr Sara , Kokossis Antonis 
Published: April 2018

The sections in this article areIntroductionConcept and Development of the FineChem ToolIllustrative Applications of the FineChem ToolLCAAspects of Solvent Selection for PostcombustionCO2Capture (PCC)Bio‐Based Production of Platform ChemicalsToward A New Group Contribution‐Based Version of the FineChem ToolIntroduction toGCmodelsDevelopment ofGC‐BasedLCAModelsScreening for Substances with Desirable PropertiesIllustrative Example of Screening MoleculesConclusions and Outlook
Green Chemistry Metrics and Life Cycle Assessment for Microflow Continuous Processing
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Wang Qi , Hessel Volker 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, major green metrics are described as they have been applied to microflow continuous processes (e.g., mass intensity (MI)/process mass intensity (PMI),E‐factor, atom economy, etc.). Thereafter, life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) analysis are reviewed in the framework of their application to evaluate microflow continuous processes. Green metrics,LCA, andLCCallow an objective quantitative measurement and decision support tool to evaluate the ecological, environmental as well as the economic impact of a chemical synthesis and process. Within the approach of green chemistry, continuous microflow processing has become a major method to achieve process intensification and engineering support. Accordingly, the specific sustainability characteristics of microflow continuous processes will be described. A comparison of microscale continuous processes and conventional macroscale processes accompanied by green metrics andLCAwill be conducted. This is done in a hierarchical manner, starting from single microflow reaction optimization (both with single and bundled innovation drivers) toward combined microflow reaction separation and microflow multistep reactions. The production volume under consideration is both small (pharma) and large (fine/bulk chemical). This scenario analysis allows one to draw some generic conclusions about the environmental opportunities of continuous microflow technology and, vice versa, on the suitability of these green assessment tools. Each case scenario is for a typical, mostly experimentally validated microreactor application and illustrates the pros and cons of microflow continuous processes in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industry. The environmental analysis is completed by a snapshot ofLCCanalysis for these microreactor case scenarios.
Parotid gland radiation dose‐xerostomia relationships based on actual delivered dose for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lou Jingjiao , Huang Pu , Ma Changsheng , Zheng Yue , Chen Jinhu , Liang Yueqiang , Li Hongsheng , Yin Yong , Liu Danhua , Yu Gang , Li Dengwang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractXerostomia induced by radiotherapy is a common toxicity for head and neck carcinoma patients. In this study, the deformable image registration of planning computed tomography (CT) and weekly cone‐beam CT (CBCT) was used to override the Hounsfield unit value of CBCT, and the modified CBCT was introduced to estimate the radiation dose delivered during the course of treatment. Herein, the beams from each patient's treatment plan were applied to the modified CBCT to construct the weekly delivered dose. Then, weekly doses were summed together to obtain the accumulated dose. A total of 42 parotid glands (PGs) of 21 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were analyzed. Doses delivered to the parotid glands significantly increased compared with the planning doses. V20, V30, V40, Dmean, and D50 increased by 11.3%, 28.6%, 44.4%, 9.5%, and 8.4% respectively. Of the 21 patients included in the study, eight developed xerostomia and the remaining 13 did not. Both planning and delivered PG Dmean for all patients exceeded tolerance (26 Gy). Among the 21 patients, the planning dose and delivered dose of Dmean were 30.6 Gy and 33.6 Gy, respectively, for patients with xerostomia, and 26.3 Gy and 28.0 Gy, respectively, for patients without xerostomia. The D50 of the planning and delivered dose for patients was below tolerance (30 Gy). The results demonstrated that the p‐value of V20, V30, D50, and Dmean difference of the delivery dose between patients with xerostomia and patients without xerostomia was less than 0.05. However, for the planning dose, the significant dosimetric difference between the two groups only existed in D50 and Dmean. Xerostomia is closely related to V20, V30, D50, and Dmean.
The NRF2 pathway as potential biomarker for dimethyl fumarate treatment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hammer Anna , Waschbisch Anne , Kuhbandner Kristina , Bayas Antonios , Lee De‐Hyung , Duscha Alexander , Haghikia Aiden , Gold Ralf , Linker Ralf A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveImmunological studies have demonstrated a plethora of beneficial effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on various cell types. However, the cellular and molecular targets are incompletely understood and response markers are scarce. Here, we focus on the relation between nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (NRF2) pathway induction under DMF therapy and the composition of the blood immune cell compartment and clinical efficacy in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.MethodsWe explored effects of DMF on peripheral immune cell subsets by flow cytometric and transcriptional analysis of serial blood samples obtained from 43 MS patients during the first year of therapy.ResultsGene expression analysis proved activation of NRF2 signaling under DMF therapy that was paralleled by a temporal expansion of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, CD56bright natural killer cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and a decrease in CD8+ T cells, B cells, and type 1 myeloid dendritic cells. In a subgroup of 28 patients with completely available clinical data, individuals with higher levels of the NRF2 target gene NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) 4–6 weeks after DMF therapy initiation were more likely to achieve no evidence of disease activity status 1 year later. The degree of NQO1 induction further correlated with patient age.InterpretationWe demonstrate that positive effects of DMF on the clinical outcome are paralleled by induction of the antioxidant NRF2 transcriptional pathway and a shift toward regulatory immune cell subsets in the periphery. Our data identify a role of the NRF2 pathway as potential biomarker for DMF treatment in MS.
Targeting and Modulation of Liver Myeloid Immune Cells by Hard‐Shell Microbubbles
Authors: Warzecha Klaudia T. , Bartneck Matthias , Möckel Diana , Appold Lia , Ergen Can , Al Rawashdeh Wa'el , Gremse Felix , Niemietz Patricia M. , Jahnen‐Dechent Willi , Trautwein Christian , Kiessling Fabian , Lammers Twan , Tacke Frank 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPoly n‐butylcyanoacrylate (PBCA)‐based hard‐shell microbubbles (MB) have manifold biomedical applications, including targeted drug delivery or contrast agents for ultrasound (US)‐based liver imaging. MB and their fragments accumulate in phagocytes, especially in the liver, but it is unclear if MB affect the function of these immune cells. Herein, it is shown that human primary monocytes internalize different PBCA‐MB by phagocytosis, which transiently inhibits monocyte migration in vertical chemotaxis assays and renders monocytes susceptible to cytotoxic effects of MB during US‐guided destruction. Conversely, human macrophage viability and function, including cytokine release and polarization, remain unaffected after MB uptake. After intravenous injection in mice, MB predominantly accumulate in liver, especially in hepatic phagocytes (monocytes and Kupffer cells). Despite efficiently targeting myeloid immune cells in liver, MB or MB after US‐elicited burst do not cause overt hepatotoxicity or inflammation. Furthermore, MB application with or without US‐guided burst does not aggravate the course of experimental liver injury in mice or the inflammatory response to liver injury in vivo. In conclusion, PBCA‐MB have immunomodulatory effects on primary human myeloid cells in vitro, but do not provoke hepatotoxicity, inflammation or altered response to liver injury in vivo, suggesting the safety of these MB for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticle–Graphene Oxide Charge‐Transfer Complexes
Authors: Istif Emin , Hernández‐Ferrer Javier , Urriolabeitia Esteban P. , Stergiou Anastasios , Tagmatarchis Nikos , Fratta Giuseppe , Large Matthew J. , Dalton Alan B. , Benito Ana M. , Maser Wolfgang K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe game‐changing role of graphene oxide (GO) in tuning the excitonic behavior of conjugated polymer nanoparticles is described for the first time. This is demonstrated by using poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as a benchmark conjugated polymer and employing an in situ reprecipitation approach resulting in P3HT nanoparticles (P3HTNPs) with sizes of 50–100 nm in intimate contact with GO. During the self‐assembly process, GO changes the crystalline packing of P3HT chains in the forming P3HTNPs from H to H/J aggregates exhibiting exciton coupling constants as low as 2 meV, indicating favorable charge separation along the P3HT chains. Concomitantly, π–π interface interactions between the P3HTNPs and GO sheets are established resulting in the creation of P3HTNPs–GO charge‐transfer complexes whose energy bandgaps are lowered by up to 0.5 eV. Moreover, their optoelectronic properties, preestablished in the liquid phase, are retained when processed into thin films from the stable aqueous dispersions, thus eliminating the critical dependency on external processing parameters. These results can be transferred to other types of conjugated polymers. Combined with the possibility of employing water based “green” processing technologies, charge‐transfer complexes of conjugated polymer nanoparticles and GO open new pathways for the fabrication of improved optoelectronic thin film devices.
Polyformamidine‐Derived Non‐Noble Metal Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Pardo Pérez Laura C. , Sahraie Nastaran Ranjbar , Melke Julia , Elsässer Patrick , Teschner Detre , Huang Xing , Kraehnert Ralph , White Robin J. , Enthaler Stephan , Strasser Peter , Fischer Anna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA facile approach for the template‐free synthesis of highly active non‐noble metal based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is presented. Porous Fe−N−C/Fe/Fe3C composite materials are obtained by pyrolysis of defined precursor mixtures of polyformamidine (PFA) and FeCl3 as nitrogen‐rich carbon and iron sources, respectively. Selection of pyrolysis temperature (700–1100 °C) and FeCl3 loading (5–30 wt%) yields materials with differing surface areas, porosity, graphitization degree, nitrogen and iron content, as well as ORR activity. While the ORR activity of Fe‐free materials is limited (i.e., synthesized from pure PFA), a huge increase in activity is observed for catalysts containing Fe, revealing the participation of the metal dopant in the construction of active electrocatalytic sites. Further activity improvement is achieved via acid‐leaching and repeated pyrolysis, a result which is attributed to the creation of new active sites located at the surface of the porous nitrogen‐doped carbon by dissolution of the Fe and Fe3C nanophases. The best performing catalyst, which was synthesized with a low Fe loading (i.e., 5 wt%) and at a pyrolysis temperature of 900 °C, exhibits high activity, excellent H2O selectivity, extended stability, in both basic and acidic media as well as a remarkable tolerance toward methanol.
Er3+ Sensitized Photon Upconversion Nanocrystals
Authors: Cheng Xingwen , Pan Yue , Yuan Ze , Wang Xiuwen , Su Wenhong , Yin Lisha , Xie Xiaoji , Huang Ling 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLanthanide doped upconversion nanocrystals, showing bright future in diverse fields, are typically excited by ≈700–1000 nm light when Nd3+ and Yb3+ are used as sensitizers. Thus far, extending the excitation range of upconversion nanocrystals is still a formidable challenge. Herein, a new type of upconversion nanocrystals is reported, using Er3+ ions as sensitizers, which can be excited by 1532 nm light located in the second near‐infrared biological window. Through Er3+ sensitization, upconversion emission from a series of activators, including Nd3+, Ho3+, Eu3+, and Tm3+, is obtained and can be modulated by Yb3+ codoping. In addition, Er3+ sensitized photon upconversion of Ho3+ and Tm3+ can be further enhanced by shell coating. It is found that Er3+ sensitized upconversion processes are mainly dependent on the energy transfer between Er3+ ions and activators. Considering the demonstration of anticounterfeiting by using this newly designed nanocrystal, it is anticipated that these results can bring more opportunities to upconversion nanomaterials in other aspects, ranging from lasing to super resolution imaging.
Spiky Fe3O4@Au Supraparticles for Multimodal In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Hao Changlong , Sun Maozhong , Xu Liguang , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNanomaterials with high biocompatibility and efficient photothermal conversion have drawn tremendous attention for tumor diagnosis and treatment. In this study, spiky Fe3O4@Au supraparticles (SPs) are used as phototherapy and multimodal imaging agents. The SPs show excellent photothermal and photodynamic therapeutic effects, with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 31%, and allow tumor‐targeted imaging, including computed tomographic, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance imaging. The SPs show excellent biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, because of their remarkable absorption at near‐infrared region, the SPs obliterate a tumor under 808 nm irradiation. With their capacity for highly integrated multimodal imaging and multiple therapeutic functions, SPs are a promising agent for application to clinical practice.
Comparative Study of Two Droplet‐Based Dissolving Microneedle Fabrication Methods for Skin Vaccination
Authors: Lee Chisong , Kim Hongil , Kim Suyong , Lahiji Shayan F. , Ha Na‐Young , Yang Huisuk , Kang Geonwoo , Nguyen Hai Yen Thi , Kim Yuri , Choi Myung‐Sik , Cho Nam‐Hyuk , Jung Hyungil 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDissolving microneedles (DMNs) have been widely studied in medical applications due to their pain‐free administration, superior efficiency, and safe drug delivery. In skin vaccination, preserving the activity of the encapsulated antigen is an important consideration, as antigen activity is lost during DMN fabrication because of various stress factors. These stress factors vary between fabrication methods and each method affects the antigen's activity to different degrees. In this study, the activity of encapsulated antigens delivered by DMNs is compared between two recently developed DMN fabrication methods; droplet‐born air blowing (DAB) and centrifugal lithography (CL) for a model scrub typhus vaccine antigen, ScaA. Although the in vitro analysis of ScaA‐loaded DMNs (ScaA‐DMNs) does not show any differences in physical properties depending on the fabrication methods, the immunogenicity of the CL‐produced ScaA‐DMN is significantly higher based on cytokine measurement and humoral immunity. DAB and CL differ in their solidification conditions, suggesting that solidification factors critically affect the encapsulated antigen's activity. ScaA‐DMNs may also be stably stored for 4 weeks at room temperature. In conclusion, CL is a superior DMN fabrication method compared with DAB, and this study proves that DMN is feasible and practical for skin vaccination.
Assembly of PEG Microgels into Porous Cell‐Instructive 3D Scaffolds via Thiol‐Ene Click Chemistry
Authors: Xin Shangjing , Wyman Omar M. , Alge Daniel L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe assembly of microgel building blocks into 3D scaffolds is an emerging strategy for tissue engineering. A key advantage is that the inherent microporosity of these scaffolds provides cells with a more permissive environment than conventional nanoporous hydrogels. Here, norbornene‐bearing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based microgels are assembled into 3D cell‐instructive scaffolds using a PEG‐dithiol linker and thiol‐ene click photopolymerization. The bulk modulus of these materials depends primarily on the crosslink density of the microgel building blocks. However, the linker and initiator concentrations used during assembly have significant effects on cell spreading and proliferation when human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are incorporated in the scaffolds. The cell response is also affected by the properties of the modular microgel building blocks, as hMSCs growing in scaffolds assembled from stiff but not soft microgels activate Yes‐associated protein signaling. These results indicate that PEG microgel scaffolds assembled via thiol‐ene click chemistry can be engineered to provide a cell‐instructive 3D milieu, making them a promising 3D platform for tissue engineering.