bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Diffusion Limit: Pre‐Associated Ion‐Pair Photoinitiating Systems for Radical Photopolymerization
Authors: Niederst Léo , Allonas Xavier , Ley Christian , Rölle Thomas , Holzheimer Mira , Nault Lena 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe pre‐association mechanism of an ion‐pair Type II photoinitiating system (PIS) acting in the visible range was studied. The choice of a dye as photoinitiator (crystal violet) with an excited state lifetime of 200 ps ensured the absence of dynamical quenching by the borate salts used as coinitiator. In spite of the fact that no diffusional bimolecular quenching can take place, excellent polymerization efficiency was found, underlining the high reactivity of the PIS. A saturation effect is observed when increasing the concentration of borate as a consequence of the pre‐association mechanism arising from coulombic interaction between the cationic dye and the anionic coinitiator. The association equilibria of the system were described and the corresponding association constant values were calculated, allowing to quantify the pre‐association efficiency. This was further successfully correlated to the observed maximal rates of polymerization. The efficiency of this super‐stoichiometric sample with an excess of borate was finally compared to the stoichiometric 1 : 1 dye:borate ion‐pair. It is shown that the pre‐association mechanism could lead to much higher efficiency than the stoichiometric ion‐pair.
[18F]NP3‐627, a Candidate PET Imaging Agent Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Whitehead David M. , Fischer Christian , Briard Emmanuelle , Farady Christopher J. , Graveleau Nadège , Karrer Joel , Kaupmann Klemens , Lapointe Guillaume , Mackay Angela , Reichert Lisa , Wright Michael , Mu Linjing , Auberson Yves P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe describe the identification of a candidate positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for the NLRP3 protein. NLRP3 plays a critical role in the immune system and has proven a difficult target for the development of imaging agents due to its low and cell‐specific expression profile. A recently described series of pyridazine‐based inhibitors, with improved permeability and brain‐penetration properties, was used as a starting point for the development of a suitable PET imaging agent. Optimization of affinity, non‐specific binding and pharmacokinetic properties led to the identification of aminopyridazine (R)‐2‐(6‐((1‐cyclopropylpiperidin‐3‐yl)amino)pyridazin‐3‐yl)‐5‐fluoro‐3‐methylphenol (17 b), which meets the preclinical profile of a successful imaging agent, and whose tritiated version demonstrated excellent specificity in a radioligand saturation binding assay, confirming its imaging potential.18F labeling led to [18F]NP3‐627, the proposed PET imaging agent.
A Case of Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer With EGFR Amplification That Responded to Necitumumab
Authors: Sugimori Makoto , Nishimura Masaki , Sugimori Kazuya , Tsuyuki Sho , Hirotani Akane , Miwa Haruo , Kaneko Takashi , Hirose Haruka , Inayama Yoshiaki , Nozaki Akito , Numata Kazushi , Kunisaki Chikara , Maeda Shin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent advances in cancer genome analysis and the practice of precision medicine have made it possible to identify fractions with rare genetic alterations. Among biliary tract cancers, EGFR‐amplified cancers are known to be rare fractions across organs and have a poor prognosis. The use of anti‐EGFR antibody for EGFR‐amplified cancers has been promising; however, the evidence is not yet clear.CaseIn this report, we describe the case of a 48‐year‐old man diagnosed with advanced gallbladder cancer. The patient was administered gemcitabine plus cisplatin, followed by S‐1 monotherapy; however, disease progression was observed after two cycles of each regimen. Comprehensive genomic profiling test revealed EGFR‐amplification, and the patient was treated with combination therapy with the anti‐EGFR antibody necitumumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin. After two cycles of treatment, tumor size reduced, and the treatment response was evaluated as partial response. On Day 90, after five cycles of treatment, tumor progression was confirmed. In addition, after disease progression, liquid biopsy revealed acquired pathogenic gene alterations suggesting anti‐EGFR antibody resistance.ConclusionThis report supports the clinical benefit of anti‐EGFR antibodies for EGFR‐amplified biliary tract cancers and the importance of genomic analysis in personalized therapy and drug resistance research.
Using the RNAstructure Software Package to Predict Conserved RNA Structures
Authors: Mittal Abhinav , Ali Sara E. , Mathews David H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe structures of many non‐coding RNAs (ncRNA) are conserved by evolution to a greater extent than their sequences. By predicting the conserved structure of two or more homologous sequences, the accuracy of secondary structure prediction can be improved as compared to structure prediction for a single sequence. Here, we provide protocols for the use of four programs in the RNAstructure suite to predict conserved structures: Multilign, TurboFold, Dynalign, and PARTS. TurboFold iteratively aligns multiple homologous sequences and estimates the pairing probabilities for the conserved structure. Dynalign, PARTS, and Multilign are dynamic programming algorithms that simultaneously align sequences and identify the common secondary structure. Dynalign uses a pair of homologs and finds the lowest free energy common structure. PARTS uses a pair of homologs and estimates pairing probabilities from the base pairing probabilities estimated for each sequence. Multilign uses two or more homologs and finds the lowest free energy common structure using multiple pairwise calculations with Dynalign. It scales linearly with the number of sequences. We outline the strengths of each program. These programs can be run through web servers, on the command line, or with graphical user interfaces. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Predicting a structure conserved in three or more sequences with the RNAstructure web serverBasic Protocol 2: Predicting a structure conserved in two sequences with the RNAstructure web serverAlternative Protocol 1: Predicting a structure conserved in multiple sequences in the RNAstructure graphical user interfaceAlternative Protocol 2: Predicting a structure conserved in two sequences with Dynalign in the RNAstructure graphical user interfaceAlternative Protocol 3: Running TurboFold on the command line
A Harmonic Current Injection Technique for Dual‐Channel Integrated Onboard Charger
Authors: Tao Tao , Yu Feng , Cheng Xunhui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe concept of the dual channels provides integrated onboard charger (IOC) with robust fault tolerance capability and high reliability. This paper investigates a dual‐channel IOC system integrated symmetrical six‐phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (SSPMSM) drives. A key challenge in this system is the inevitable occurrence of unbalanced charging powers between the two channels, which results in a rotating field and hence a charging torque generation during charging. To address this issue, a harmonic current injection technique is proposed, leveraging the inherent multicontrol degrees of freedom of the SSPMSM to counteract the rotating field. By injecting harmonic components of the x‐, y‐, and 01‐axes, the desired straight‐line‐shaped trajectory can be maintained in the α–β subspace. Then, the specified harmonic components can be calculated with two constraints of balanced grid currents and zero average charging torque. Subsequently, a unified controller is designed for dual‐channel IOC. Finally, the efficacy of the harmonic current injection technique is validated through experimentation.
Common Food Sources for Macrobenthic Communities in Different Bottom Covers: Submerged Macrophytes and Benthic Cyanobacteria in a Japanese Temperate Lake
Authors: Takamura Kenzi , Kondo Natsuko I. , Nakajima Nobuyoshi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMacrobenthic communities in a lake are affected by the type of bottom cover such as macrophytes or algae. In the southern basin of Lake Biwa, mats of the benthic cyanobacteria (BC) Microseira wollei widely cover the lake bottom and are interspersed with submerged macrophytes (SMs). Because different macrobenthos species appear to occur at those bottoms, we investigated the composition of the communities. Furthermore, as M. wollei is supposed to be inedible to consumer organisms owing to its hard sheath and toxins, the food possibility of the cyanobacteria and macrophytes for macrobenthos was analyzed. In this study, macrobenthos were collected, identified molecularly, counted in the BC and SM zones, and analyzed for carbon and nitrogen stable‐isotopic compositions. In the BC zone, asellids and amphipods dominated the macrobenthic community, while chironomids dominated the SM zone. The stable‐isotope analysis revealed that M. wollei was a minor food source for macrobenthos and other higher‐level consumers, with some macrophytes, particulate organic matter and bottom sediment potentially being a major source. The dominance of crustacean macrobenthos in M. wollei mats suggested that they provided a refuge from predation for crustaceans, whereas SMs were not sufficiently abundant to achieve this. Although different macrobenthic communities in the BC and SM zones were likely supported by common food sources, with the exeption of M. wollei, the present study was conducted over a short period and lacked advanced methods for gut content analysis. Therefore, further monitoring and food web analysis are required.
All in the Details: A First Assessment for the Viability of Metabarcoding in Diet Composition Analysis of African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus)
Authors: O'Connor Bridget C. , Crossey Bruce , Hall Grant , Ganswindt Andre , Oosthuizen Carel J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDNA metabarcoding is a contemporary technique in diet composition studies and stands to fill key knowledge gaps left by traditional diet analysis methods. For endangered species such as the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), the fulfilment of these knowledge gaps presents an opportunity for improved management practices and vulnerability assessments. There are an estimated ~600 African wild dogs remaining in South Africa. These dogs are generally understood to prey upon impala (Aepyceros melampus) and other medium‐sized ungulates. Here, we present the first assessment of DNA metabarcoding as a valuable method for diet composition analysis of this highly social carnivore. DNA from faecal samples collected across seven landscape types in the Kruger National Park (KNP) was extracted and used to determine the presence of seven unique prey taxa, including novel species such as the Cape hare (Lepus capensis). Impala was identified as a prey item in all landscape types, complementing the diet preference prediction made with stable isotope analysis using the same samples and existing understanding of wild dog diet. Given recommended improvements, the application of DNA metabarcoding in wild dog diet analysis shows promising prospects for identifying novel prey species and validating previous records of this endangered canids diet.
Moths versus Bees: Contrasts in Habitat Preferences Across Barrens of the Northeastern USA
Authors: Barton Andrew M. , Poulos Helen M. , Crisfield Elizabeth , Dillon Amanda , Mello Mark , Selfridge Jennifer , Van de Poll Rick , Hardy Sarah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBees and moths are globally important pollinators. Xeric barrens in the largely mesic northeastern USA support high levels of pollinator diversity, including rare bees and moths. We investigated the response of bee vs. moth communities to abiotic and vegetation drivers in barrens across the region. We sampled local environmental conditions, vegetation, bees, and moths for 2–4 years in 19 preserves. Employing random forest analysis, we tested the role of 29 abiotic and vegetation predictors of bee vs. moth abundance, species richness, Shannon‐Wiener Index, evenness, and species composition. Variables related to climate, canopy cover, and soils were the most important predictors of abundance, diversity, and species composition for both bees and moths. Vegetation variables, such as species richness of shrubs and hostplants, were also important for bees. The direction of these relationships contrasted sharply between bees and moths: bees were more abundant and species rich in more open, sandy sites and moths the opposite. Habitat preferences for a subset of moth xeric specialists were much more similar to bees than to other moths, with a preference for open, sandy conditions. Contrasts between bees and moths in habitat preferences likely stemmed from differences in their life histories: bees rely on flowers for feeding and porous substrates for nesting, whereas most moth adults feed on flowers, but many moth caterpillars use woody plants as hosts. In sharp contrast to the results for abundance and richness, bees and moths responded similarly for the Shannon‐Wiener Index, which raises important general questions about the conservation value of these two metrics. Our results suggest that, because of differences in habitat preferences among pollinators, barrens management for both open and more closed habitats is likely to promote the highest abundance and diversity of local bee and moth pollinator communities jointly.
Pumping Groundwater to Create Cold‐Water Thermal Refuges in Warming Rivers
Authors: Smith Kathryn A. , Kurylyk Barret L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThermal refuges in rivers and streams provide critical habitat for cold‐water species during periods of thermal stress. In this study, we created a new cold‐water thermal refuge by pumping cool groundwater to a warm coastal river in Nova Scotia, Canada. Thermal infrared imagery revealed a notable thermal plume, measuring approximately 55 m2 at the water surface during low‐flow conditions, with mixing limited by the installation of a flow deflector. Above‐water and underwater cameras recorded several fish utilizing the created cold‐water plume during periods of high ambient river temperatures (up to 30°C). Thermal numerical modelling was conducted to interpret the field data and assess the impact of alternative designs and conditions. Model results revealed that the extent of the created thermal plume substantially increased (+202%) with the use of a deflector and that the plume size was controlled by several factors including the river flow rate and temperature, the pumping rate and the groundwater temperature. The study findings demonstrate the efficacy of creating cold‐water habitat in the face of a warming climate and lay the foundation for future proactive thermal management strategies aimed at maintaining thermal diversity in warming rivers.
Numerical Study of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Rectangular Microchannel Equipped With Hollow Hemispheres
Authors: Zoubir Belkacemi , Latifa Belhani 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe heat transfer and the hydraulic performance of laminar flow using water–CuO nanofluid and pure water in smooth and complex channels with embedded hollow half‐spheres are numerically studied over a range of Reynolds numbers. Pure water is first used as the coolant for all selected configurations, followed by low‐volume fractions (3% and 5%) of water–CuO nanofluid in the optimal configuration. Three configurations are evaluated by varying the number and diameter of the opposing half‐spheres. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient for microchannels with half‐spheres increases, reaching up to 3.5 times that of smooth microchannels. Additionally, within the same Reynolds number range, the friction factor increases by up to 50%. The use of nanofluids results in a 6% and 14% increase in the heat transfer coefficient for concentrations of 3% and 5%, respectively, compared with pure water. These enhancements are directly correlated with the increase in thermal conductivity of the nanofluids relative to water.
Dual‐Low Technology in Coronary and Abdominal CT Angiography: A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Image Reconstruction and Adaptive Statistic Iterative Reconstruction‐Veo
Authors: Meng Zhanao , Xiang Qing , Cao Jian , Guo Yahao , Deng Sisi , Luo Tao , Zhang Yue , Zhang Ke , Zhu Xuan , Ma Kun , Wang Xiaohong , Qin Jie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo investigate the application advantages of dual‐low technology (low radiation dose and low contrast agent dose) in deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) compared to the adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction‐Veo (ASIR‐V) standard protocol when combing coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and abdominal computed tomography angiography (ACTA). Sixty patients who underwent CCTA and ACTA were recruited. Thirty patients with low body mass index (BMI) (< 24 kg/m2, Group A, standard protocol) were reconstructed using 60% ASIR‐V, and 30 patients with high BMI (> 24 kg/m2, Group B, dual‐low protocol) were reconstructed using DLIR at high strength (DLIR‐H). The effective dose and contrast agent dose were recorded. The CT values, standard deviations, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were measured. The subjective evaluation criteria were scored by two radiologists using a blind Likert 5‐point scale. The general data, objective evaluation, and subjective scores between both groups were compared using corresponding test methods. The consistency of objective and subjective evaluations between the two radiologists were analyzed using Kappa tests. Group B showed a remarkable 44.6% reduction in mean effective dose (p < 0.01) and a 20.3% decrease in contrast agent dose compared to Group A (p < 0.01). The DLIR‐H demonstrated the smallest standard deviations and highest SNR and CNR values (p < 0.01). The subjective score of DLIR‐H was the highest (p < 0.01), and there was good consistency between the two radiologists in the subjective scoring of CCTA and ACTA image quality (κ = 0.751 ~ 0.919, p < 0.01). In combined CCTA and ACTA protocols, DLIR can significantly reduce the effective dose and contrast agent dose compared to ASIR‐V while maintaining good image quality.
Meta‐Analysis of Exposure‐Adverse Event Relationships for Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Wang Cheng , Irons Linda , Kimko Holly , Shah Dhaval K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAntibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have become a vital class of therapeutics in oncology because of their ability to selectively deliver potent drug molecules to tumor cells. However, ADC‐associated toxicities cause high failure rates in the clinic and hinder their full potential. Due to the complex structure and pharmacokinetics of ADCs, it is challenging to identify the drivers of their toxicities. Here, quantitative analysis was performed to correlate the incidence of clinical adverse events (AEs) with nine different commonly measured exposure parameters collected from study‐level summary data. We considered ADC analytes for different classes of ADCs, to identify ADC analytes that are strongly associated with the AEs for ADCs. Published clinical exposure and safety data for any grade and grade ≥3 AEs from 40 publications across six ADCs and three payloads were collected and analyzed. Exposure‐AE relationships were quantified using logit models, and the strength of the correlations and rank order were determined. The analysis suggests that deruxtecan ADC‐related toxicities correlated most strongly with the exposure of the free payload; monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) ADC‐related toxicities correlated with the free MMAE area under the curve; and pyrrolobenzodiazepine ADC‐related toxicities correlated with no specific analyte but the dose. These findings agree with the published literature and support the notion that AE profiles are often shared by ADCs that deliver the same cytotoxic payload. The exposure–AE relationships presented here, together with identification of the most informative ADC analytes, may facilitate more focused mechanistic studies on the drivers of clinical AEs and could support dosing decisions during clinical development of ADCs.
Roseomonas aestuarii, as a Potential In Situ Surfactin Producer During Hydrocarbon Biodegradation
Authors: Hosseini Saman , Sharifi Rouhallah , Habibi Alireza , Khezri Sholeh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn situ biosurfactant production by hydrocarbon degrader microorganisms is an attractive approach in the bioremediation of oil contamination because of their compatibility, biodegradability, environmental safety, and stability under extreme environmental conditions. Given the high efficiency of bacteria in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons, the present work studied the detection and characterization of a biosurfactant‐producing hydrocarbon degrader, Roseomonas aestuarii NB833. This strain was able to synthesize a biosurfactant during the biodegradation of crude oil, which reduced the surface tension of the aqueous system from 70 to 34 mN m−1, with a critical micelle concentration of 200 mg L−1. The emulsification ability of the biosurfactant was sustained at various temperatures, pH values, and salinities. The biosurfactant chemical structure was identified via FT‐IR, LC‐MS, and NMR analyses. These analyses confirmed the production of surfactin‐C14 with a molecular mass of 1007 g mol−1. These results revealed the high potential of R. aestuarii NB833 as an in situ surfactin‐producing bacteria for bioremediation applications under extreme environmental conditions.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Soil Enzymes in Pure and Mixed Forest Samples on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Xiao Lie , Min Xuxu , Li Zhanbin , Li Peng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSoil enzymes are key to predicting nutrient availability and forest fertility.AimsWe aimed to evaluate the influence of forest type on the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of soil enzymes.MethodsSoils were sampled at 0–10 and 10–20 cm depth from two pure forests (Pinus tabulaeformis [PTF] and Quercus acutissima [QAF]) and a mixed forest of PTF and QAF (MF) on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Kinetic parameters (maximum enzyme activity [Vmax], half‐saturation constant [Km], and enzyme efficiency [Kcat]) and thermodynamic parameters (temperature coefficient [Q10] and activation energy [Ea]) of β‐1,4‐glucosidase (BG), β‐1,4‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), l‐leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were determined.ResultsForest type exerted significant influence on soil enzyme kinetic parameters. The Vmax and Kcat values of BG, NAG, and AP in PTF of 0–10 cm soil depth were 42.54% and 59.22%, 77.18% and 23.08%, and 62.82% and 58.21% higher than that in MF, respectively. The Vmax of AP and Kcat of NAG in PTF of 10–20 cm depth were 34.61% and 39.90% higher than that in MF. The soil enzyme thermodynamic parameters were significantly influenced by forest type and soil depth. At 0–10 cm depth, low values of Q10–Vmax and Q10–Km of BG, Q10–Vmax and Q10–Kcat of NAG, and Ea of BG and NAG were found in PTF. At 10–20 cm depth, low values of Q10–Vmax, Q10–Kcat, and Ea of BG and NAG were found in MF.ConclusionsPTF was more effective in promoting soil enzymatic reactions, especially in surface soil. MF improved subsoil enzyme thermal stability and reduced temperature sensitivity. The study showed that pure and mixed forests affect soil enzyme characteristics differently, with soil depth as a key factor.