bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying the Concept of Epistemic Injustice as a Philosophical Window to Examine Discrimination Experiences of LGBTQIA+ Migrants With Nurses
Authors: Haghiri‐Vijeh Roya 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBoth stigma and discrimination, defined as a lack of knowledge of and a sense of discomfort in providing care to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and + (LGBTQIA+) migrants, was found to manifest in a sample of LGBTQIA+ migrants who received nursing care in a recent study. The study concluded that nurses continue to have a limited understanding of the experiences of LGBTQIA+ migrants in the Canadian context, and that LGBTQIA+ migrants continue to have troubling 'care' experiences with nurses. Miranda Fricker has developed the concept of epistemic injustice drawing on feminist philosophy and social epistemology. Epistemic injustice refers to unfair treatment of a person by judging them as 'not a knower' in a communicative situation. For example, in a few circumstances when LGBTQIA+ migrants were admitted to psychiatric units due to suicide ideations as a direct result of identifying as a LGBTQIA+ migrants, the medical and nursing team responded with 'They are in Canada now. It is safe here!' and 'So, you are [LGBTQIA + ]! What's the big deal?' These unjust statements reflect an epistemic situation in which the hearer is negating what was heard, that is, that the speaker's intersecting identities of LGBTQIA+ and new immigrant has directly led to suicide ideation. The concept of epistemic injustice helps to frame this situation as one where the care provider is not doing justice to the needs of LGBTQIA+ migrants. This article draws on the narrative of an LGBTQIA+ migrant who is not recognised as a credible source of knowledge about their own lives and needs in the context of Canadian nursing care. Epistemic injustice helps to understand how stigma and discrimination is produced in this community by the very nursing profession who ostensibly want to help them.
HSP90 Complex From OLP Lesion Induces T‐Cell Polarization via Activation of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Pan Lei , Chen Junjun , Lai Yirao , Du Guanhuan , Wang Haiyan , Sun Lei , Tang Guoyao , Wang Yufeng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the effects of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) complex from oral lichen planus (OLP) lesion tissues on dendritic cell (DC) activation and the polarization of naïve T cells.MethodsExpression of HSP90 in OLP lesions and healthy control (HC) mucosa was evaluated by single‐cell RNA sequence, IHC, qRT‐PCR, and immunoblotting. HSP90 complex was extracted by immunoprecipitation from oral mucosa as the agonist of DCs. Expression of IFN‐α and MHC was detected by flow cytometry. After cocultured with pre‐stimulated DCs, polarization of naïve T cells was investigated by cytokine analysis.ResultsHSP90 was significantly higher in the lamina propria of OLP lesion and closely related to lymphocyte infiltration. HSP90 complex of OLP lesion activated DCs via TLR9 and increased their IFN‐α secretion and MHC II expression. Pre‐stimulated DCs increased the proportion of Th17 cells.ConclusionsHSP90 complex isolated from OLP lesion activated TLR9/IFN‐α of DCs and further promoted the polarization of naïve T cells toward Th17 immunity.
Clinical Outcome and Quality of Life after Modular Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Comparison with Joint‐Preserving Locking Plate Osteosynthesis in Aged Patients: A Retrospective Comparison Study
Authors: Jaekel Carina , Oezel Lisa , Leibnitz Franziska , Wilms Lena Marie , Windolf Joachim , Gehrmann Sebastian Viktor , Scholz Armin Olaf 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesProximal humeral fractures (PHFs) show a high incidence in aged patients. While nondisplaced fractures achieve good results by conservative treatment, surgical procedures are discussed controversially. Next to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), the primary use of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has become increasingly important. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical function, activities of daily living (ADL), as well as pain assessment in patients with PHFs, treated by ORIF or RSA.MethodsA retrospective comparison study was assessed. From November 2011 to March 2016, 34 patients (17 matched pairs) that had undergone either ORIF or RSA of the proximal humerus, were included in this study. Pain was measured by numeric rating scale (NRS). ADL were obtained by Katz‐Index and SF‐12. Moreover, shoulder function was assessed using the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS). The maximum range of motion (ROM) was also recorded. From November 2011 to March 2016, 34 patients (17 matched pairs) that had undergone either ORIF (Figure or RSA of the proximal humerus) were included in this study. For statistical analyses, Student's t‐test, Wilcoxon test, and Chi‐Quadrat test were used. Statistical significance was indicated with p < 0.05.ResultsTotally 34 patients with an average age of 76.6 years were included. Surgical treatment was performed on average 5.2 days after diagnosis, differing significantly between the two groups (RSA/ORIF: 6.9/3.5 days) The operation time of RSA (97 min) was significantly longer than for ORIF (78 min). Pain assessment, as well as the Katz‐Index and the SF‐12, showed no significant differences. Moreover, clinical shoulder function showed no significant discrepancies between the two surgical techniques.ConclusionsAged patients with PHFs treated with RSA display similar results regarding clinical function, ADL as well as pain perception compared with ORIF. However, revision surgery rate was lower in patients who underwent RSA. Thus, the surgical treatment of PHFs by RSA represents an excellent alternative, especially with regard to an aging patient population.
Reducing the Brace Correction Stress on the Secondary Lumbar Curve Results in Excellent Muscle, Bone, and Disc Mechanical Performance: A Musculoskeletal Finite Element Simulation of AIS Patient With Rigo A3
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Di , Lv Danyu , Lv Jinmiao , Tang Huiyi , Qian Jinlin , Liao Bagen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe biomechanical mechanism of brace intervention on bone, muscle, and disc should be comprehensively considered for AIS patients. We aimed to developmentally construct a musculoskeletal finite element model of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to simulate the coupling of corrective forces and analyze the mechanical properties of bone, muscle, and disc. Investigateing, more effective clinical interventions to break the vicious cycle of patients during growth.MethodsA finite element model, including muscle, bone, and disc, was established using computed tomography data of a patient with RigoA3 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The three‐point force coupling, antigravity, and bending effects of the Chêneau brace were simulated, and the correction force of the secondary lumbar bend was gradually reduced while observing the mechanical characteristics of bone, muscle, and disc. The correction force in line with symmetrical spine growth was comprehensively evaluated.ResultsThe correction rate of the main thoracic (MT) curve, the intervertebral space height on the concave side of the vertebrae at the apex, and the stress ratio of the intervertebral discs were optimal when the maximum corrective pressure threshold was reached. However, the proximal thoracic (PT) curve was aggravated and the axial forces on the concave side were unbalanced. At this time, the biomechanical performance of the model is also not optimal. The correction rate of the Cobb Angle of the MT curve decreased with the decrease of the correction pressure in the lumbar region. When reduced to 25% of the maximum threshold, the convex side of disc stress, intervertebral space, and muscle axial force is more in line with the biomechanical mechanism of correction and can avoid sacrificing the PT curve.ConclusionsDownward adjustment of the corrective force to the secondary lumbar curve, using the Chêneau brace, results in better primary thoracic curvature mechanics in the musculoskeletal finite element model, suggesting that breaking the vicious cycle of scoliosis progression to guide benign spinal growth is beneficial.
How Many Checks Are Needed per Cycle in a Plant Breeding or Variety Testing Programme?
Authors: Piepho Hans‐Peter , Laidig Friedrich 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCheck varieties are used in plant breeding and variety testing for a number of reasons. One important use of checks is to provide connectivity between years, which facilitates comparison among genotypes of interest that are tested in different years. When long‐term data are available, such comparisons allow an assessment of realized genetic gain (RGG). Here, we consider the question of how many check varieties are needed per cycle for a reliable assessment of RGG. We propose an approach that makes use of variance component estimates for relevant random effects in a linear mixed model and plugs them into an analysis of dummy datasets set up to represent the design options being considered. Our results show that it is useful to employ a larger number of checks and to keep the replacement rate low. Furthermore, there is intercycle information to be recovered, especially when there are few checks and replacement rates are high, so modelling the cycle main effect as random pays off.
Low Infection Rates With Long‐Term Dupilumab Treatment in Patients Aged 6 Months to 5 Years: An Open‐Label Extension Study
Authors: Paller Amy S. , Ramien Michele , Cork Michael J. , Simpson Eric L. , Wine Lee Lara , Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Khokhar Faisal A. , Coleman Anna , Gherardi Guy , Chen Zhen , Zhang Annie , Cyr Sonya L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate long‐term infection rates in children aged 6 months to 5 years with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) treated with dupilumab.MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of an ongoing open‐label extension (OLE) study of dupilumab. Pediatric patients aged 6 months to 5 years with moderate‐to‐severe AD who had previously taken part in the LIBERTY AD PRESCHOOL phase 2 and 3 clinical trials received weight‐based subcutaneous dupilumab every 2 or 4 weeks. Exposure‐adjusted infection rates after a median dupilumab exposure of 52 weeks are compared with data from the earlier randomized, placebo‐controlled, 16‐week LIBERTY AD PRESCHOOL phase 3 trial.ResultsInfection rates were overall lower in the OLE study compared with the dupilumab and placebo groups in the earlier 16‐week trial, including total infections (101.0 patients/100 patient‐years [PY]), nonherpetic skin infections (22.7 patients/100PY), herpetic infections (7.3 patients/100PY), and nonskin infections (92.9 patients/100PY). The frequency of severe and serious infections was low (3.1 patients/100PY), compared with 17.1 placebo‐treated patients/100PY and 0 dupilumab‐treated patients in the earlier 16‐week trial, and no infections leading to treatment discontinuation were observed. Systemic anti‐infective medication use (58.9 patients/100PY) was lower in the OLE study compared with both the dupilumab and placebo groups in the 16‐week trial.ConclusionOverall, reduced infection rates are observed in infants and young children with moderate‐to‐severe AD treated with dupilumab long‐term, supporting the known safety profile of dupilumab.
Disaggregating citizenship: Tibetan refugees navigating identity, belonging, and exclusionary state policies in India
Authors: Dasgupta Ishani 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis essay explores the struggles of second‐generation Tibetan refugees under an exclusionary Indian citizenship regime. Confronted with a national orthodoxy that entwines legal status, entitlements, and national identity, Tibetans respond by “disaggregating” citizenship. First, stateless Tibetans, born in India to refugee parents, won legal appeals by demonstrating that Tibetan nationality was no bar to Indian citizenship. In response, Indian authorities demanded that Tibetans give up refugee entitlements and remove themselves from their national space and political community in exile as the price of Indian citizenship. This article explores the diverse responses of Tibetans to the citizenship‐on‐offer: some aspiring for it, some accepting it, and others actively rejecting it. These responses illustrate strategies refugees employ to navigate citizenship regimes that often render them liminal. Refugees act both to mitigate the precarity of statelessness and to preserve their identity, community, and political aspirations against erasure. In doing so, they not only disrupt the national orthodoxy of states that negates refugee experiences but also reveal the incompleteness and contradictions of citizenship regimes.
MdILL6 regulates xylem and vessel development to control internode elongation in spur‐type apple
Authors: Gao Xiuhua , Sun Hongwei , Liu Yandong , Zhang Shubiao , Liu Yu , Tahir Muhammad Mobeen , Tong Lu , Zhang Pan , Toktonazarovich Turgunbayev Kubanychbek , Lv Yanrong , Ma Juanjuan , Zhang Dong , Mao Jiangping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpur‐type varieties play an important role in facilitating high‐density plantings. However, the underlying mechanisms of internode elongation in spur‐type varieties are poorly understood. In this research, we investigated the morphological phenotype of annual shoots in four spur‐type varieties (‘Miyazak’, ‘Jinfu 18’, ‘Yanfu No. 6’, and ‘Liquan spur’) and four standard‐type varieties (‘Aomorifu’, ‘Shou Fuji’, ‘Yanfu No. 10’, and ‘Yanfu No. 3’). Compared with standard‐type varieties, spur‐type varieties had a shorter shoot length, an average internode length and a smaller xylem size. The content of Jasmonic acid (JA) and Jasmonic acid isoleucine (JA‐Ile) significantly increased in spur‐type varieties, accompanied by an increase in the expression of JA biosynthesis and signal transduction genes. Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) inhibited plant height, xylem size, and vessel area. Additionally, we identified an IAA‐Leucine Resistant1‐like Hydrolase family member, MdILL6, which was highly expressed in spur‐type varieties and mature stems. MdILL6 was mainly expressed in the shoot tips and stem, and its protein was located on the endoplasmic reticulum. Overexpression of MdILL6 in apple inhibited plant height and average internode length by decreasing xylem size and vessel area. Our results revealed a molecular mechanism of spur‐type variety development affected by the JA pathway and suggest strategies for genetic improvement and regulation of spur‐type varieties.
THE EXTERNAL DRAFT TUBE GASLIFT BIOREACTOR: HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Mahmood K. H. , Al-Yaqoobi Atheer M. , Salman Rasha H. 
Published: November 2024

Gaslift reactors are employed in several bioapplications due to their characteristics of cost-effectiveness and high efficiency. However, the nutrient and thermal gradient is one of the obstacles that stand in the way of its widespread use in biological applications. The diagnosis, analysis, and tracking of fluid paths in external draft tube gaslift bioreactor-type are the main topics of the current study. Several parameters were considered to assess the mixing efficiency such as downcomer-to-rizer diameter ratio (Ded/Dr), the position of the diffuser to the height of bioreactor ratio (Pd/Lr), and gas bubble size (Db). The multiple regression of liquid velocity indicates the optimal setting: Ded/Dr is (0.5), Pd/Lr is (0.02), and Db is (400) um. However, for technical and operational reasons, it was necessary to make some changes in the optimal values obtained from the numerical equations. The study also revealed that the size of gas bubbles is the characteristic that has the greatest influence on the dynamic efficiency of the fluid inside the bioreactor, since, reducing the bubble size by half can enhance the improvement rate in the circulation of the liquid up to 35%.
Impaired oxytocin signalling in the central amygdala in rats with chronic heart failure
Authors: Althammer Ferdinand , Roy Ranjan K. , Kirchner Matthew K. , Lira Elba Campos , Schimmer Stephanie , Charlet Alexandre , Grinevich Valery , Stern Javier E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHeart failure (HF) patients suffer from cognitive decline and mood impairments, but the molecular signals and brain circuits underlying these effects remain elusive. The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) is critically involved in regulating mood, and OTergic signalling in the central amygdala (CeA) is a key mechanism that controls emotional responses including anxiety‐like behaviours. Still, whether an altered OTergic signalling contributes to mood disorders in HF remains unknown. To address this, we used an ischaemic rat HF model, along with a highly multidisciplinary approach, to mechanistically study multiple levels of the hypothalamus‐to‐CeA OTergic circuit in male rats with HF. We aimed to test the hypothesis that sustained activation of the OT system following an infarct leads to depletion of OT content in this pathway, with subsequent changes in OT receptor expression and blunted modulation of local GABAergic circuits. We found that most of OTergic innervation of the CeA originated from the supraoptic nucleus (SON). While no differences in the numbers of SON→CeA OTergic neurons was observed between sham and HF rats, we observed a blunted content and release of OT from axonal terminals within the CeA. Moreover, we report downregulation of neuronal and astrocytic OT receptors, and impaired OTR‐driven GABAergic synaptic activity within the CeA microcircuit of HF rats. We provide the first evidence that male HF rats display perturbations in the hypothalamus‐to‐amygdala OTergic circuit, laying the foundation for future translational studies targeting either the OT system or GABAergic amygdalar microcircuit to ameliorate mood impairments in rats or patients with chronic HF.
imageKey points
Heart failure patients suffer from cognitive decline, depression and mood impairments, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.
Acting within the central amygdala, the neuropeptide oxytocin regulates emotional responses, including anxiety‐like behaviours. However, whether changes in oxytocin signalling occurs during heart failure is unknown.
In this study, we used an ischaemic rat heart failure model to mechanistically study multiple levels of the hypothalamus‐to‐amygdala oxytocinergic circuit in this disease.
We report an overall blunted oxytocinergic signalling pathway in rats with heart failure, including blunted content and release of oxytocin from axonal terminals, downregulation of neuronal and astrocytic oxytocin receptors, and impaired oxytocin‐driven GABAergic synaptic activity within the central amygdala microcircuit of HF rats.
These studies shed light on mechanisms that contribute to mood disorders in cardiovascular disease states and help to identify potential molecular targets for their improved treatment.
Exploration of the Longitudinal Development of Physical Education Teacher Efficacy: Understanding the Key Influences Impacting Preservice Teachers
Authors: Magill Ceri , Cronin Colum , Polman Remco , Rudd James 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the longitudinal development of physical education (PE) teacher efficacy (TE) of preservice teachers. Method: Participants included 287 preservice teachers from six U.K. higher education institutions. Data were collected over 3 years using an online questionnaire that included a validated PE teaching efficacy scale with the same preservice teachers. Primary analysis included a one-way analysis of variance to examine variances across institutions, gender, and time, followed by four multilevel linear regression models using MLwiN. Results: No significant mean score differences were found in PE TE between entry point and program completion, F(5, 282) = 1.29, p = .268; F(5, 283) = 0.66, p = .65. Yet, significant differences in PE TE concerning gender, teaching, coaching, and voluntary experiences were found at the intralevel (p < .01). Discussion: The professionalization phase did not lead to significant advancements in PE TE. Findings support the necessity of a PE efficacy development model during professionalization.
Identification and characterization of the
Bacillus subtilis
spore germination protein GerY
Authors: Ramírez-Guadiana Fernando H. , Brogan Anna P. , Rudner David Z. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

In response to starvation, endospore-forming bacteria differentiate into stress-resistant spores that can remain dormant for years yet rapidly germinate and resume growth when nutrients become available. To identify uncharacterized factors involved in the exit from dormancy, we performed a transposon-sequencing screen taking advantage of the loss of spore heat resistance that accompanies germination. We reasoned that transposon insertions that impair but do not block germination will lose resistance more slowly than wild type after exposure to nutrients and will therefore survive heat treatment. Using this approach, we identified most of the known germination genes and several new ones. We report an initial characterization of 15 of these genes and a more detailed analysis of one (
ymaF
). Spores lacking
ymaF
(renamed
gerY
) are impaired in germination in response to both L-alanine and L-asparagine, D-glucose, D-fructose, and K
+
. GerY is a soluble protein synthesized under
σ

E

control in the mother cell. A YFP-GerY fusion localizes around the developing and mature spore in a manner that depends on CotE and SafA, indicating that it is a component of the spore coat. Coat proteins encoded by the
gerP
operon and
gerT
are also required for efficient germination, and we show that spores lacking two or all three of these loci have more severe defects in the exit from dormancy. Our data are consistent with a model in which GerY, GerT, and the GerP proteins are required for efficient transit of nutrients through the coat to access the germination receptors, but each acts independently in this process.

IMPORTANCE
Pathogens in the orders Bacillales and Clostridiales resist sterilization by differentiating into stress-resistant spores. Spores are metabolically inactive and can remain dormant for decades, yet upon exposure to nutrients, they rapidly resume growth, causing food spoilage, food-borne illness, or life-threatening disease. The exit from dormancy, called germination, is a key target in combating these important pathogens. Here, we report a high-throughput genetic screen using transposon sequencing to identify novel germination factors that ensure the efficient exit from dormancy. We identify several new factors and characterize one in greater detail. This factor, renamed GerY, is part of the proteinaceous coat that encapsulates the dormant spore. Our data suggest that GerY enables efficient transit of nutrients through the coat to trigger germination.