bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of a stock‐loan valuation PDE process using differential flatness theory
Authors: Rigatos Gerasimos G. , Siano Pierluigi , Loia Vincenzo , Ghosh Taniya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe article proposes flatness‐based control for stabilization of a stock‐loan valuation process that is described by a partial differential equation. By applying semi‐discretization and the finite differences method, the state‐space model of the stock loan has been obtained. It has been proven that the individual rows of this state‐space model are nonlinear ODEs which can be viewed as differentially flat subsystems. For the local subsystems, into which the stock‐loan PDE is decomposed, it becomes possible to apply boundary feedback control. The controller design proceeds by showing that the state‐space model of the stock loan PDE stands for a differentially flat system. Next, for each subsystem which is related to a nonlinear ODE, a virtual control input is computed, that can invert the subsystem's dynamics and can eliminate the subsystem's tracking error. From the last row of the state‐space description, the control input (boundary condition) that is actually applied to the stock loan PDE system is found. This control input contains recursively all virtual control inputs which were computed for the individual ODE subsystems associated with the previous rows of the state‐space description. Thus, by tracing the rows of the state‐space model backwards, at each iteration of the control algorithm, one can finally obtain the control input that should be applied to the stock loan PDE system so as to assure that all its state variables will converge to the desirable setpoints.By showing the feasibility of such a control method it is also proven that through selected modification of the PDE boundary conditions the value of the stock loan can be made to converge and stabilize at specific reference values.
Development of sensitive benzofurazan‐based spectrometric methods for analysis of spectinomycin in vials and human biological samples
Authors: Hussein Samiha A. , Salman Baher I. , Ali Marwa F. B. , Marzouq Mostafa A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpectinomycin hydrochloride (SPEC) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that has a broad spectrum against several bacterial strains of humans and veterinary infections. However, SPEC lacks a fluorophore or chromophore and this lack makes its analysis a challenge. Our study provides a simple, sensitive and low‐cost spectrofluorimetric/spectrophotometric method based on the reaction between secondary amine groups and a benzofurazan reagent using borate buffer (pH 9.2). The yielding compound was measured fluorimetrically at 530 nm (excitation at 460 nm) with colorimetry at 410 nm. The calibration curves ranged from 30 to 400 ng ml−1 and from 0.2 to 6 μg ml−1 for spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric analyses, respectively. The limits of detection were calculated to be 4.15 ng ml−1 and 0.05 μg ml−1 for spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric processes, respectively. The ultra‐affectability and high selectivity of the proposed method permitted analysis of SPEC in the dosage form and in human plasma samples, with good recoveries of about 101.19 and 97.11%, respectively, without any matrix interference. The proposed strategy was validated using International Conference on Harmonization standards and validated bioanalytically using USFDA recommendations.
"It's led me astray": How Cognitive Behavioural Therapists experience personal therapy in clinical practice
Authors: Noble Ariele , Rizq Rosemary 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPersonal therapy is considered to be an essential component of most psychotherapeutic training programmes. However, it remains peripheral to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) training courses. We present a subsection of results from a qualitative study that examines how CBT therapists use personal therapy in their clinical practice. Seven CBT therapists who have undergone personal therapy were interviewed. Participants were asked about how they used personal therapy in their clinical practice and their accounts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to identify common themes. This article presents the results of the first master theme, “Personal therapy creates conflict”, which explores a paradox that arises between personal therapy and CBT clinical practice; participants suggest that personal therapy equips them with therapeutic tools that paradoxically hinder their capacity to practice a standardised protocol‐led CBT. Results show that participants found personal therapy created considerable internal conflict, where their use of technical evidence‐based treatment protocols as practitioners was experienced in tension with the relationally oriented therapy they had received as clients. We discuss results in the context of Gabriel Marcel's philosophical insights on the dehumanising effects of technology on human relationships. We conclude with a brief consideration of the current political climate that increasingly privileges short‐term technical solutions to psychological distress.
A rare case of obesity. Can it be Bardet‐Biedl Syndrome?
Authors: Shrestha Sandeep , Chaudhary Nagendra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBardet‐Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations like retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, mental retardation, hypogonadism, and renal dysfunction. We report a case of 14‐year‐old obese boy with poor scholastic performances, hypothyroidism, and poor vision diagnosed as BBS.
Activation of Co−Mo−S Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts Under Refinery Conditions‐A Combined SAXS/XAS Study
Authors: van Haandel Lennart , Longo Alessandro , Bras Wim , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Weber Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe activation of heterogeneous catalysts is challenging to follow experimentally and poorly understood in many cases. We combine in situ and time‐resolved X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering to study the activation of Co‐Mo−S hydrotreating catalysts under conditions close to a refinery start‐up, i. e., 20 bar H2pressure and gaseous H2S or liquid sulfiding agents. Formation of MoS2nanoparticles involves three stages, namely aggregation (50–150 °C) and self‐assembly (150–250 °C) of two distinct amorphous MoSxintermediates, followed by a transition into layered structures that closely relate to the MoS2structure. In stage III, these nuclei coalesce into the final MoS2nanoparticles. Their growth distribution and stacking degree can be tailored by controlling the aggregation step, paving the way for the synthesis of better hydrotreating catalysts. Our experimental approach enables studying a broad range of supported amorphous nanomaterials at various length scales and operating conditions relevant to important catalytic processes.
Sustainable Platinum Recycling through Electrochemical Dissolution of Platinum Nanoparticles from Fuel Cell Electrodes
Authors: Sharma Raghunandan , Rode Nielsen Kasper , Brilner Lund Peter , Bredmose Simonsen Søren , Grahl‐Madsen Laila , Ma Andersen Shuang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecycling of the platinum group metals (PGMs) containing industrial wastes obtained from proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), electrolyzers, catalytic convertors and others is of high strategical importance for industrial sustainability. In this work, a highly efficient and environmentally friendly platinum recycling method through potentiodynamic cycling in dilute acidic chloride solutions is demonstrated and optimized to recover platinum from fuel cell electrodes. The process parameters such as upper and lower potential limits are optimized to be 1.6 and 0.4 V vs. RHE. Both the dilute acidic and the acid free Cl− containing electrolytes may be used for the dissolution. Moreover, parameters such as protocol reliability, quantification method and comparison, electrode interface structure, dissolution product and mechanisms etc. are discussed. A study in 1 M HCl shows Pt dissolution rates as high as ∼30 μg/cycle for potential cycling between 0.4 and 1.6 V (scan rate: 100 mV/s) for a PEMFC electrode with initial Pt loading of ∼470 μg. The approach demonstrates a methodology for fast parameter screening on electrocatalyst dissolution and a proof of concept industrial recycling of spent electrocatalysts.
Real‐world progression, treatment, and survival outcomes during rapid adoption of immunotherapy for advanced non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Khozin Sean , Miksad Rebecca A. , Adami Johan , Boyd Mariel , Brown Nicholas R. , Gossai Anala , Kaganman Irene , Kuk Deborah , Rockland Jillian M. , Pazdur Richard , Torres Aracelis Z. , Zhi Jizu , Abernethy Amy P. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundDespite the rapid adoption of immunotherapies in advanced non–small cell lung cancer (advNSCLC), knowledge gaps remain about their real‐world (rw) performance.MethodsThis retrospective, observational, multicenter analysis used the Flatiron Health deidentified electronic health record‐derived database of rw patients with advNSCLC who received treatment with PD‐1 and/or PD‐L1 (PD‐[L]1) inhibitors before July 1, 2017 (N = 5257) and had ≥6 months of follow‐up. The authors investigated PD‐(L)1 line of treatment and PD‐L1 testing rates and the relationship between overall survival (OS) and rw intermediate endpoints: progression‐free survival (rwPFS), rw time to progression (rwTTP), rw time to next treatment (rwTTNT), and rw time to discontinuation (rwTTD).ResultsFirst‐line PD‐(L)1 inhibitor use increased from 0% (in the third quarter of 2014 [Q3 2014]) to 42% (Q2 2017) over the study period. PD‐L1 testing also increased (from 3% in Q3 2015 to 70% in Q2 2017). The estimated median OS was 9.3 months (95% CI, 8.9‐9.8 months), and the estimated rwPFS was 3.2 months (95% CI, 3.1‐3.3 months). Longer OS and rwPFS were associated with ≥50% PD‐L1 percentage staining results. Correlations (⍴) between OS and intermediate endpoints were ⍴ = 0.75 (95% CI, 0.73‐0.76) for rwPFS and ⍴ = 0.60 (95% CI, 0.57‐0.63) for rwTTP, and, for treatment‐based intermediate endpoints, correlations were ⍴ = 0.60 (95% CI, 0.56‐0.64) for rwTTNT (N = 856) and ⍴ = 0.81 (95% CI, 0.80‐0.82) for rwTTD.ConclusionsThe use of first‐line PD‐(L)1 inhibitors and PD‐L1 testing has substantially increased, with better outcomes for patients who have ≥50% PD‐L1 percentage staining. Intermediate rw tumor‐dynamics estimates were moderately correlated with OS in patients with advNSCLC who received immunotherapy, highlighting the need for optimizing and standardizing rw endpoints to enhance the understanding of patient outcomes outside clinical trials.
Perceived density, a further attribute of color, revealed by the colors favored in Japan
Authors: Oh Sungmi , Kim Hyunjung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractColors can be characterized by three main attributes: hue, value, and saturation. But colors also exhibit other phenomenological qualities. In this study, we identify one such secondary attribute of color: perceived density. We discuss the prevalence of dense colors in Japan starting from the “48 Teas and 100 Mice” colors of the Edo period, and develop the concept of perceived density through this aspect of Japanese color preference. When vivid colors were forbidden to commoners during the Edo period, subtle variations of brownish and grayish colors were created. These colors with base tones were not salient, yet they looked dense. Muted colors with paradoxical richness are still common in Japan today. Japanese commodity design often uses muddy colors with white or gray undertones, and deep colors with black undertones. Together they form distinct groupings of relatively dense color. The perceived density of color corresponds to how dense and filled, or thin and airy a color appears. Colors of higher perceived density appear to be more packed and to have mass. Perceived density of color is unusual in that it does not have a monotonic relationship with one of the primary perceptual attributes. High apparent density is observed in a central region of an equi‐hue plane where value or saturation are at intermediate values. We consider two possible explanations of how high values of density can coincide with middling values of value and saturation: characteristics of the spectral reflectance curves, or the complexity of the neural signals that underlie the emergent property.
A blockchain‐based architecture for securing electronic health record systems
Authors: Yang Guang , Li Chunlei , Marstein Kjell E. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a blockchain‐based architecture for our current electronic health record (EHR) systems. Being built on top of existing databases maintained by health providers, the architecture implements a blockchain solution to ensure the integrity of data records and improve interoperability of the systems through tracking all events that happen to the data in the databases. In this proposed architecture, we also introduce a new incentive mechanism for the creation of new blocks on the blockchain. The architecture is independent of any specific blockchain platforms and open to further extensions; hence, it potentially fits in with other electronic record systems that require protection against data misuse.
Spontaneous Model of Sjögren's Syndrome in NOD Mice
Authors: Scuron Monika D. , Fay Brittany , Oliver Julian , Smith Paul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model is the most widely described and validated method for investigating human primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and represents a useful model for translational studies. However, the systemic disease manifestation in NOD mice is sensitive to the housing environment, as stress modulates the immune system, so it is essential to confirm that readouts are robust, reproducible, and sensitive to known clinical treatments. This protocol describes the establishment of the spontaneous NOD model of SS and underscores the necessity of model validation to ensure that the housing environment is compatible. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Photochemical Study of a Three‐Component Photocyclic Initiating System for Free Radical Photopolymerization: Implementing a Model for Digital Light Processing 3D Printing
Authors: Metral Boris , Bischoff Adrien , Ley Christian , Ibrahim Ahmad , Allonas Xavier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVat photopolymerization technologies are promising 3D printing techniques in the field of additive manufacturing, which requires high performance and affordable photoinitiating systems (PIS). In this paper, we introduce a complex PIS based on safranine as photosensitizer and two redox additives. The photocycling mechanism is explored via laser flash photolysis (LFP) and its reactivity is investigated through real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (RT‐FTIR). A model which predicts with good accuracy the change in conversion with both time and light intensity is proposed. Cure depth experiments are conducted and the critical energy (Ec) and penetration depth (Dp) are established for the resin used. The relationship between these parameters and the corresponding RT‐FTIR results was highlighted through the role of the conversion at the gel point, allowing optimization of the formulation. Finally, high resolution complex pieces are printed with the resin, whose composition was tailored in accordance with our studies, demonstrating the viability of this PIS in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing.
Preparation of Yolk–Shell‐Structured CoxFe1−xP with Enhanced OER Performance
Authors: Yue Song , Wang Shanshan , Jiao Qingze , Feng Xueting , Zhan Kun , Dai Yiqing , Feng Caihong , Li Hansheng , Feng Tongying , Zhao Yun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe design and development of low‐cost, highly efficient, and stable electrocatalysts to take the place of noble‐metal catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remain a significant challenge. Herein, the synthesis of yolk–shell‐structured binary transition metal phosphide CoxFe1−xP with different Co/Fe ratios by phosphidation of a cobalt ferrite precursor is reported. The as‐synthesized CoxFe1−xP catalysts were used for the OER. All yolk–shell CoxFe1−xP catalysts with different Co/Fe ratios showed much better performance than the corresponding solid catalyst. The formation of Co oxides on the catalyst surface during OER and the optimal Co/Fe ratio were found to be critical to their activity. Among the as‐prepared CoxFe1−xP catalysts, that with a Co/Fe ratio of 0.47/0.53 (Co0.47Fe0.53P) exhibited the best performance. Co0.47Fe0.53P has an overpotential of 277 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 37 mV dec−1, and superior stability in alkaline medium. The outstanding performance is partly ascribed to the transfer of valence electrons from Co to P and Fe. The Co0.47Fe0.53P matrix with excellent conductivity and Fe phosphate that is stable on the surface of the catalyst are also helpful for the OER performance. In addition, the yolk–shell structure of Co0.47Fe0.53P increases the contact area between electrolyte and catalyst. These characteristics of Co0.47Fe0.53P greatly improve its OER performance. This optimized binary transition metal phosphide provides a new approach for the design of nonprecious‐metal electrocatalysts.
A Covalent Triazine‐Based Framework Consisting of Donor–Acceptor Dyads for Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhong Hong , Hong Zixiao , Yang Can , Li Liuyi , Xu Yangsen , Wang Xinchen , Wang Ruihu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhotocatalytic conversion of CO2 into value‐added chemical fuels is a promising approach to address the depletion of fossil energy and environment‐related concerns. Tailor‐making the electronic properties and band structures of photocatalysts is pivotal to improve their efficiency and selectivity in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Herein, a covalent triazine‐based framework was developed containing electron‐donor triphenylamine and electron‐acceptor triazine components (DA‐CTF). The engineered π‐conjugated electron donor–acceptor dyads in DA‐CTF not only optimized the optical bandgap but also contributed to visible‐light harvesting and migration of photoexcited charge carriers. The activity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction under visible light was significantly improved compared with that of traditional g‐C3N4 and reported covalent triazine‐based frameworks. This study provides molecular‐level insights into the mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
An efficient certificateless key exchange protocol for heterogeneous networks in human‐centered IoT systems
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Ke , Kumari Saru , Khan Muhammad Khurram , Kong Zhiying , Chaudhary Pradeep 
Published: August 2019

SummaryHuman‐centered Internet of things (IoT) systems enable human beings to enjoy the ubiquitous services and play more and more important roles in our life. A common application scenario in human‐centered IoT systems is that two distributed wireless devices from heterogeneous networks want to communicate with each other. However, key generation centers (KGCs) from different networks usually use independent security parameters. It is difficult for two users with different security parameters to establish a common session key. We propose a certificateless key exchange protocol for two different devices managed by different KGCs to address the issue. The security of the proposed protocol is conducted in the random oracle model with the hardness assumption of elliptic curve computational Diffie‐Hellman (ECDH) problem. The main merits of our protocol include the following: (a) it enables users from heterogeneous networks to establish upon a shared session key, (b) it can solve the key escrow problem, (c) it does not use bilinear pairings and obtains computational efficiency, and (d) it achieves stronger security compared with other related protocols.
Cognitive dysfunction: A growing link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jash Kavya , Gondaliya Piyush , Kirave Prathibha , Kulkarni Bhagyashri , Sunkaria Aditya , Kalia Kiran 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a gradually rising metabolic disease which is currently affecting millions of people worldwide. Diabetes is associated with various complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, diabetic foot, cognitive impairment, and many more. Evidence suggests that cognitive dysfunction is a rising complication of diabetes which adversely affects the brain of patients suffering from diabetes. Age‐related memory impairment is a complication having its major effect on people suffering from diabetes and Alzheimer's. Patients suffering from diabetes are at two times higher risk of developing cognitive dysfunction as compared with normal individuals. Multiple factors which are involved in diabetes related complications are found to play a role in the development of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's. The problem of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance is well reported in diabetes but there are many studies which suggest dysregulation of insulin levels as a reason behind the development of Alzheimer's. As the link between diabetes and Alzheimer disease (AD) is deepening, there is a need to understand the plausible tie‐ins between the two. Emerging role of major factors like insulin imbalance, advanced glycation end products and micro‐RNA's involved in diabetes and Alzheimer's have been discussed here. This review helps in understanding the plausible mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque formation and tau hyperphosphorylation as well provides information about studies carried out in this area of research. The final thought is to enhance the scientific knowledge on this correlation and develop future therapeutics to treat the same.
Quantifying trends and uncertainty in prehistoric forest composition in the upper Midwestern United States
Authors: Dawson Andria , Paciorek Christopher J. , Goring Simon J. , Jackson Stephen T. , McLachlan Jason S. , Williams John W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractForest ecosystems in eastern North America have been in flux for the last several thousand years, well before Euro‐American land clearance and the 20th‐century onset of anthropogenic climate change. However, the magnitude and uncertainty of prehistoric vegetation change have been difficult to quantify because of the multiple ecological, dispersal, and sedimentary processes that govern the relationship between forest composition and fossil pollen assemblages. Here we extend STEPPS, a Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal pollen–vegetation model, to estimate changes in forest composition in the upper Midwestern United States from about 2,100 to 300 yr ago. Using this approach, we find evidence for large changes in the relative abundance of some species, and significant changes in community composition. However, these changes took place against a regional background of changes that were small in magnitude or not statistically significant, suggesting complexity in the spatiotemporal patterns of forest dynamics. The single largest change is the infilling ofTsuga canadensisin northern Wisconsin over the past 2,000 yr. Despite range infilling, the range limit ofT. canadensiswas largely stable, with modest expansion westward. The regional ecotone between temperate hardwood forests and northern mixed hardwood/conifer forests shifted southwestward by 15–20 km in Minnesota and northwestern Wisconsin.Fraxinus,Ulmus, and other mesic hardwoods expanded in the Big Woods region of southern Minnesota. The increasing density of paleoecological data networks and advances in statistical modeling approaches now enables the confident detection of subtle but significant changes in forest composition over the last 2,000 yr.