bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein Rollsiegel mit anatolischen Hieroglyphen aus Elbistan-Karahöyük
Authors: Alparslan Metin , Uysal Bora 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In 2016, a cylinder seal with Anatolian hieroglyphs was found in the archaeological excavations at Elbistan-Karahöyük in the province of Kahramanmaraş. The cylinder seal was made of black stone and its inscription mentions three personal names. The hieroglyphic signs identify two names as male and one as female.
Effects of Personal Protective Equipment on Metabolism and Performance During an Occupational Physical Ability Test for Federal Highway Police Officers
Authors: Marins Eduardo Frio , Cabistany Leo , Farias Charles , Dawes Jay , Del Vecchio Fabrício Boscolo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Marins, EF, Cabistany, L, Farias, CB, Dawes, J, and Del Vecchio, FB. Effects of personal protective equipment on metabolism and performance during an Occupational Physical Ability Test for Federal Highway Police officers. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1093–1102, 2020—Federal Highway Police (FHP) officers perform their duties while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). Given the need for officers to wear PPE, it is important to understand the effects this additional load can have on occupational performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of load carriage on physiological, perceptual, and performance responses during an Occupational Physical Ability Test (OPAT). Thirteen male FHP officers completed an OPAT with PPE (WPPE, load = 12.0 kg) and without PPE (NPPE, load = 5.2 kg) in 2 separate sessions in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Metabolic responses (heart rate [HR] and its variability, and blood lactate concentration [Lac]), perceptual (rating of perceived exertion [RPE]), and OPAT performance were measured. Paired t and Wilcoxon tests were used to identify differences between conditions, and 2-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc was performed to analyze the results of Lac between the conditions. Occupational Physical Ability Test completion time was significantly greater in the WPPE condition compared with the NPPE condition (125.9 ± 13.8 vs. 118.3 ± 11 seconds, p < 0.01). Lac after the OPAT was higher in the NPPE condition compared with the WPPE (respectively 11.7 ± 2.7 vs. 9.6 ± 1.5 mmol·L−1, p < 0.05). The HRmax (NPPE = 180.5 ± 8.9 vs. WPPE = 178.3 ± 6.6 b·min–1, p = 0.44) and RPE (NPPE = 8.6 ± 0.8 vs. WPPE = 8.7 ± 1.0, p = 0.77) were not different between conditions. Personal protective equipment reduces performance in specific occupational circuit, changing Lac but without affecting HR and RPE. Strength and conditioning programs for FHP should aim to reduce the negative impact of additional load associate with wearing PPE.
Use of Individual Relative Thresholds to Assess Acceleration in Young Soccer Players According to Initial Speed
Authors: Martínez-Cabrera Francisco I. , Núñez-Sánchez Francisco J. , Losada Jose , Otero-Esquina Carlos , Sánchez Hugo , De Hoyo Moisés 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Martínez-Cabrera, FI, Núñez-Sánchez, FJ, Losada, J, Otero-Esquina, C, Sánchez, H, and De Hoyo, M. Use of individual relative thresholds to assess acceleration in young soccer players according to initial speed. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1110–1118, 2021—The aims of the current study were (a) to analyze the characteristics of acceleration efforts using individual relative thresholds according to the initial speed during official matches in elite young soccer players according to player position and (b) to compare the differences between absolute and relative thresholds in assessing high-intensity acceleration. Player acceleration profiles were assessed using an individual relative threshold based on their acceleration capacity at different initial speeds (standing, 6, 10.8, and 15 km·h−1), and the number of accelerations (>75% of the maximal acceleration) performed during soccer matches was divided into 3 categories attending to the initial speed. (S1 = 0–7 km·h−1; S2 = 7.1–14 km·h−1; and S3 = ≥14.1 km·h−1). Within-group analyses showed that the number of accelerations performed in each category was higher when the effort started from a static or walking position than at moderate- or high-intensity running (S1 > S2 > S3; very likely to almost certain). Between-group analyses revealed substantial differences between some playing positions according to initial speed. In S1 and S3, central defenders had the lowest number of accelerations (likely to almost certain), whereas midfielders had the greatest number of high-intensity accelerations in S1 and S2. There were also substantial differences between the other playing positions (possibly to almost certain). Regarding relative and absolute thresholds (>3 m·s−2), the results showed that absolute threshold overestimated the number of high-intensity accelerations compared with the individual relative threshold in S1 and underestimated the results in S2 and S3 (almost certain). The use of an individual relative threshold to measure acceleration demands allows to distinguish between the numbers of accelerations in function of the initial speed and playing positions. In addition, the absolute acceleration threshold could overestimate or underestimate the acceleration demands in young soccer players as a function of the initial speed. Then, the absolute acceleration thresholds should be taken with caution in the assessment of acceleration activities.
A New Physical Model for Studying Flow Direction and Other Influencing Parameters on the Internal Erosion of Soils
Authors: Pachideh Vahid , Mir Mohammad Hosseini S. Majdeddin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In internal erosion studies, the effect of seepage flow direction in soil and soil layers has received little attention. However, in geotechnical structures, such as earth dams or even natural deposits, the flow may not be perpendicular to the layers or in line with the gravity. Hence, in this article, a special physical model is introduced with both the possibility of changing the flow angles relative to the direction of gravity and the possibility of studying heterogeneous specimens in internal erosion. In addition, the effect of flow direction, inclination of layers, and plasticity index on the internal erosion (suffusion) of gap-graded soil with two types of fines, bentonite and rock flour, has been tested and analyzed. Additionally, a new method for specimen preparation of the gap-grading soils called the “ideal moisture content method” has been presented. Based on the results, the greater the angle of the flow vector is in relation to the direction of gravity; the occurrence and continuation of erosion takes place in higher gradients. Furthermore, in general, in the case of layers perpendicular to the flow, the rate of flow discharge and amount of the eroded particles in the same conditions are less than those of layers parallel with the flow. Moreover, layer direction affects the shape of pipes created because of the erosion.
Measuring Six-Degree-of-Freedom Movements of Buried Objects in Soil Using a Magnetometer
Authors: Gerkus Hande , Lai Ying , Senanayake Asitha , Gilbert Robert B. , Huang Yunhan , Giampa Joseph R. , Bradshaw Aaron S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Measuring the six-degree-of-freedom movement of objects in soil can provide valuable information about geotechnical performance. Existing technology for monitoring six-degree-of-freedom movements can be cumbersome because it typically relies on a combination of multiple devices that each measure one or two degrees of freedom. A magnetometer is an innovative piece of technology to measure the entire six-degree-of-freedom movement of an object in soil in real time. The equipment consists of a source that generates an electromagnetic field and one or more sensors that can detect their location and orientation versus time based on the characteristics they sense about this field. A commercially available magnetometer with a maximum distance of 1.5 m between the sensor and source has been used to conduct a variety of laboratory tests on scaled models of offshore anchors that move through soil when loaded. These tests demonstrate the versatility and potential of using magnetometers to monitor the performance of foundations, retention systems, pipelines, and slopes.
Ground Response due to Construction of Shallow Pipe-Jacked Tunnels in Sandy Soil: Laboratory Investigation
Authors: Yuan Yao , Xu Ye-Shuang , Arulrajah Arul , Yuan Da-Jun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Pipe jacking is a microtunneling construction technique that is widely used as a trenchless technology in infrastructure and can be adopted in various geological conditions. Ground responses, such as displacements and soil fracturing, will occur during pipe jacking. In order to reduce disturbance to the surrounding soils, factors resulting in ground responses should be evaluated prior to construction. This article presents a series of laboratory tests to investigate the ground response that is due to shallow buried pipe jacking in sandy soil. Single and parallel pipe-jacked tunnel tests were conducted to simulate different construction conditions. Vertical soil displacements and corresponding jacking forces for various cases were observed and discussed. The results indicate that factors such as the existing pipes, the thickness of overburden soil, and the grouting slurry used have significant effects on the ground responses during pipe jacking. Slurry with a proper ratio is proposed for pipe jacking construction. Soil fracturing and grouting overflow can easily occur in the shallow buried tunnels when slurry injection points are opened at the upper side of the pipe. The jacking parameters should also be controlled within a range to reduce the risk of soil fracture and grouting overflow.
Localizing Proton-Mediated Inhibitory Feedback at the Retinal Horizontal Cell–Cone Synapse with Genetically-Encoded pH Probes
Authors: Beckwith-Cohen Billie , Holzhausen Lars C. , Wang Tzu-Ming , Rajappa Rajit , Kramer Richard H. 
Published: December 2018

Lateral inhibition in the vertebrate retina depends on a negative feedback synapse between horizontal cells (HCs) and rod and cone photoreceptors. A change in pH is thought to be the signal for negative feedback, but its spatial profile in the synaptic cleft is unknown. Here we use three different membrane proteins, each fused to the same genetically-encoded pH-sensitive Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) (pHluorin), to probe synaptic pH in retina from transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) of either sex. We used the cone transducin promoter to express SynaptopHluorin (pHluorin on vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP2)) or CalipHluorin (pHluorin on an L-type Ca2+channel) and the HC-specific connexin-55.5 promoter to express AMPApHluorin (pHluorin on an AMPA receptor). Stimulus light led to increased fluorescence of all three probes, consistent with alkalinization of the synaptic cleft. The receptive field size, sensitivity to surround illumination, and response to activation of an alien receptor expressed exclusively in HCs, are consistent with lateral inhibition as the trigger for alkalinization. However, SynaptopHluorin and AMPApHluorin, which are displaced farther from cone synaptic ribbons than CalipHluorin, reported a smaller pH change. Hence, unlike feedforward glutamatergic transmission, which spills over to allow cross talk between terminals in the cone network, the pH change underlying HC feedback is compartmentalized to individual synaptic invaginations within a cone terminal, consistent with private line communication.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLateral inhibition (LI) is a fundamental feature of information processing in sensory systems, enhancing contrast sensitivity and enabling edge discrimination. Horizontal cells (HCs) are the first cellular substrate of LI in the vertebrate retina, but the synaptic mechanisms underlying LI are not completely understood, despite decades of study. This paper makes a significant contribution to our understanding of LI, by showing that each HC–cone synapse is a “private-line” that operates independently from other HC–cone connections. Using transgenic zebrafish expressing pHluorin, a pH-sensitive GFP variant spliced onto three different protein platforms expressed either in cones or HCs we show that the feedback pH signal is constrained to individual cone terminals, and more stringently, to individual synaptic contact sites within each terminal.
Identification of a novel large CASR deletion in a patient with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Authors: García-Castaño Alejandro , Madariaga Leire , Azriel Sharona , Pérez de Nanclares Gustavo , Martínez de LaPiscina Idoia , Martínez Rosa , Urrutia Inés , Aguayo Aníbal , Gaztambide Sonia , Castaño Luis 
Published: December 2018

SummaryFamilial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type I is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in theCASRgene and is characterized by moderately elevated serum calcium concentrations, low urinary calcium excretion and inappropriately normal or mildly elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. We performed a clinical and genetic characterization of one patient suspected of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type I. Patient presented persistent hypercalcemia with normal PTH and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. TheCASRwas screened for mutations by PCR followed by direct Sanger sequencing and, in order to detect large deletions or duplications, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used. One large deletion of 973 nucleotides in heterozygous state (c.1733-255_2450del) was detected. This is the first large deletion detected by the MLPA technique in theCASRgene.Learning points:Molecular studies are important to confirm the differential diagnosis of FHH from primary hyperparathyroidism.Large deletions or duplications in theCASRgene can be detected by the MLPA technique.Understanding the functional impact of the mutations is critical for leading pharmacological research and could facilitate the therapy of patients.
Efficient Homologous Recombination in Mice Using Long Single Stranded DNA and CRISPR Cas9 Nickase
Authors: Ge Xi A , Hunter Craig P 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 nickase mutant is less prone to off-target double-strand (ds)DNA breaks than wild-type Cas9 because to produce dsDNA cleavage it requires two guide RNAs to target the nickase to nearby opposing strands. Like wild-type Cas9 lesions, these staggered lesions are repaired by either non-homologous end joining or, if a repair template is provided, by homologous recombination (HR). Here, we report very efficient (up to 100%) recovery of heterozygous insertions in Mus musculus produced by long (&gt;300 nt), single-stranded DNA donor template-guided repair of paired-nickase lesions.
A New Tool for Inducible Gene Expression in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Monsalve Gabriela C , Yamamoto Keith R , Ward Jordan D 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Controlling protein activity and localization is a key tool in modern biology. Mammalian steroid receptor ligand-binding domain (LBD) fusions have been used in a range of organisms and cell types to inactivate proteins of interest until the cognate steroid ligand is applied. Here, we demonstrate that the glucocorticoid receptor LBD confers ligand-gated control of a heterologous gene expression system (Q system) and the DAF-16 transcription factor in Caenorhabditis elegans. These experiments provide a powerful tool for temporal control of protein activity, and will bolster existing tools used to modulate gene expression and protein activity in this animal.
Robust CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Tissue-Specific Mutagenesis Reveals Gene Redundancy and Perdurance inDrosophila
Authors: Poe Amy R , Wang Bei , Sapar Maria L , Ji Hui , Li Kailyn , Onabajo Tireniolu , Fazliyeva Rushaniya , Gibbs Mary , Qiu Yue , Hu Yuzhao , Han Chun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system continues to push the boundaries of genetic analysis. Here, papers from Farboud, Severson, and Meyer and Poe et al. describe cutting-edge advances for CRISPR use. Farboud, Severson, and Meyer....Tissue-specific loss-of-function (LOF) analysis is essential for characterizing gene function. Here, we present a simple, yet highly efficient, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated tissue-restricted mutagenesis (CRISPR-TRiM) method for ablating gene function in Drosophila. This binary system consists of a tissue-specific Cas9 and a ubiquitously expressed multi-guide RNA (gRNA) transgene. We describe convenient toolkits for making enhancer-driven Cas9 lines and multi-gRNAs that are optimized for mutagenizing somatic cells. We demonstrate that insertions or deletions in coding sequences more reliably cause somatic mutations than DNA excisions induced by two gRNAs. We further show that enhancer-driven Cas9 is less cytotoxic yet results in more complete LOF than Gal4-driven Cas9 in larval sensory neurons. Finally, CRISPR-TRiM efficiently unmasks redundant soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor gene functions in neurons and epidermal cells. Importantly, Cas9 transgenes expressed at different times in the neuronal lineage reveal the extent to which gene products persist in cells after tissue-specific gene knockout. These CRISPR tools can be applied to analyze tissue-specific gene function in many biological processes.
Development and evaluation of 12-lead electrocardiogram in the left free wall of accessory pathway localization in patients with typical Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Authors: Chu Si Dung , Pham Khanh Quoc , Tran Dong Van 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: This study was designed to characterize 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) for localization of the left free wall lateral accessory pathway (AP) in patients with typical Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, to develop a new algorithm ECG for localizing APs, and to test the accuracy of the algorithm prospectively.
Method: We studied 129 patients; 84 patients had typical WPW syndrome with single anterograde AP identified by successful radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), and were enrolled to build a new ECG algorithm for localizing left free wall APs. Then, the algorithm was tested prospectively in 45 patients and compared with the location of APs successfully ablated by RFCA.
Results: We found that the 12-lead ECG parameters in typical WPW syndrome, such as delta wave polarity in V1, R/S ratio in V1, transition of the QRS complex, and delta wave polarity in inferior, lead to diagnosis and localization of APs, with highest accuracy predicted from 74.5%-100%, and for development of a new ECG algorithm. From the 45 patients who were prospectively evaluated by the newly derived algorithm for the left free wall pathways, the sensitivity and specificity was high (from 75-100%).
Conclusion: The 12-lead ECG parameters in typical WPW syndrome are closely related to left free wall AP localization and can be used to develop a new ECG algorithm by the parameters above. Moreover, the new ECG algorithm can predict the location of APs with high accuracy.
Wychowanie do życia wspólnotowego jako zadanie szkolnej lekcji religii w świetle polskich dokumentów oświatowych i katechetycznych
Authors: Kielian Andrzej 
Published: December 2018

Upbringing is a task of both school education and catechesis. The purpose of this article is to answer the following questions: do the general aims of school education in Poland go hand in hand with the tasks of catechesis? To what extent it is possible to educate for community life (cf. GDC 86) at school religion classes in Poland? In order to find answers to these questions it is necessary to present the aims of general education in Poland according to the new core curriculum (based on the Regulation by the Minister of National Education of 23 December 2008 on Core Curricula for Pre-school and General Education in particular types of schools) along with methods for entering its records into school curricula.The general aims of upbringing, that the documents of the Church put before religious instruction at school are shown against this background, in order to find points of contact with the school curricula. The possible implementation of education for community life in the school environment is discussed on the base of the Core Curriculum for the Catechesis of the Catholic Church in Poland (approved by the Polish Bishops’ Conference in 2010).In conclusion it can be stated that the aims of both religion education at school and general education in Poland, in relation to education for community life, are similar: creation and strengthening of local communities, rooting students in natural communities, such as the family and the nation, creating a climate for dialogue between representatives of different cultures and beliefs. All these aims are focused on development of attitudes necessary for the sustainability of the community of the state. Furthermore, education for community life as the task of catechesis goes beyond the scope of school education. It calls for completion in extracurricular activities, to bring pupils to the Eucharistic community and active participation in the life and activities of the Church.
Matki Izraela typem Matki Kościoła
Authors: Życiński Wojciech 
Published: December 2018

The Bible very little attention pays to the Mother of God. Apart from the Gospels of Childhood there are only two known mentions from the public period of Jesus’ activity. These are the wedding in Cana and the description of Christ’ crucifixion. The beloved disciple does not even mention Mary’s name. He replaces it with such words as: Mother of Lord, Jesus’ Mother, His Mother. The Old Testament does not refer to Mary directly. There are many texts though that according to the symbolic sense and prophets’ predictions refer to Mary’s motherhood towards expected Messiah and Her participation in His redemptive act.It refers especially to the Old Testament ”Mothers” of Israel who played a crucial role in history of this nation both through its religious formation during the periods of unfaithfulness to Covenant and through the participation in the liberation from slavery and alien invasion, when the history of Israel at the same time the history of redemption and became the theology of Israeli Nation. Through a place and a role of these Mothers in the liberation of Israel the Christian exegesis, following the patristic tradition, defines the place and the role of Mary in the redemption of man fulfilled by Christ.
Doświadczenie jako przedmiot wymiany rynkowej – refleksje teoretyczne i metodologiczne na przykładzie turystyki sportowej
Authors: Szczechowicz Bartosz 
Published: December 2018

The paper examines whether approaches and methods developed in economics can be effective in recognising consumer assessments of experience-based products that provide intense and memorable impressions. It assesses the theoretical foundations of product evaluation and their methodological consequences, formulated within mainstream economics (neoclassical economics) and beyond (behavioural economics, experimental economics). Sports tourism was used to exemplify the difficulties that arose in choosing this path to examine the issue. It was found that while mainstream economics can form the theoretical and methodological basis of empirical research on the issue of consumer perception of experience-based products, schools of heterodox economics can provide a greater increase in knowledge in this field.