bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clonality contributes to the spread of Avrainvillea lacerata (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in Hawai‘i
Authors: Thornton Brinkley M. , Spalding Heather L. , Stoeckel Solenn , Harris Melissa L. , Wade Rachael M. , Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe relative rates of sexual versus asexual reproduction influence the partitioning of genetic diversity within and among populations. During range expansions, asexual reproduction often facilitates colonization and establishment. The arrival of the green alga Avrainvillea lacerata has caused shifts in habitat structure and community assemblages since its discovery in 1981 offshore of Oʻahu, Hawai‘i. Field observations suggest this species is spreading via vegetative reproduction. To characterize the reproductive system of A. lacerata in Hawai‘i, we developed seven microsatellite loci and genotyped 321 blades collected between 2018 and 2023 from three intertidal sites at Maunalua Bay and ʻEwa Beach. We observed one to four alleles at multiple loci, suggesting A. lacerata is tetraploid. Each site was characterized by high genotypic richness (R > 0.8). However, clonal rates were also high, suggesting the vegetative spread of A. lacerata plays a significant role. The importance of clonal reproduction for the persistence of A. lacerata in Hawai‘i is consistent with the ecological data collected for this species and observations of other abundant macroalgal invaders in Hawai‘i and other regions of the world. These data demonstrate the necessity for implementing appropriate population genetic methods and provide insights into the biology of this alga that will contribute to future studies on effective management strategies incorporating its reproductive system. This study represents one of the few that investigate green algal population genetic patterns and contributes to our understanding of algal reproductive system evolution.
Examining the complex dynamics influencing acute malnutrition in Turkana and Samburu counties: Study protocol
Authors: Wilunda Calistus , Sidze Estelle , Thuita Faith , Amugsi Dickson , Abajobir Amanuel , Mutua Martin , Mwangi Bonventure , Iddi Samuel , Lutter Chessa , Flax Valerie L. , Webale Albert , Anono Esther , Odhiambo Hazel , Wainaina Caroline Wangui , Ekiru Stephen , Chepkwony Gillian , Ebei John , Lesiamito Duncan , Kimani‐Murage Elizabeth , Sagara Brad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute malnutrition in children under 5 years is persistent in Eastern Africa's arid and semiarid lands. This study aimed to identify the drivers of acute malnutrition in Turkana and Samburu counties, Kenya. This was a population‐based longitudinal mixed‐methods observational study. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected at Wave 1, but only quantitative data were collected during follow‐up. Participants were a representative sample of children and their primary caregivers from households with children under 3 years at Wave 1. Anthropometric measurements of all children under 5 years in the sampled households were taken at Wave 1 (May to July 2021), and one child under 3 years was randomly selected for follow‐up about every 4 months over 2 years for six data collection waves. The study also collected data on sociodemographics; child feeding practices and morbidity; household water and food insecurity; shocks; coping strategies, social safety nets and economic safeguards; water, sanitation and hygiene; women's decision‐making and food consumption. Qualitative data were collected through community dialogues, focus group discussions, in‐depth interviews, photovoice and key informant interviews with mothers and fathers with children under 5 years, community leaders, county officials and staff of nongovernmental organisations. Data collection is complete and analysis is ongoing. The analysis includes thematic analysis of qualitative data and descriptive and multi‐variable regression analyses of quantitative data.
Associations Between Gut Microbiota Diversity and a Host Fitness Proxy in a Naturalistic Experiment Using Threespine Stickleback Fish
Authors: Härer Andreas , Thompson Ken A. , Schluter Dolph , Rennison Diana J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe vertebrate gut microbiota is a critical determinant of organismal function, yet whether and how gut microbial communities affect host fitness under natural conditions remains largely unclear. We characterised associations between a fitness proxy—individual growth rate—and bacterial gut microbiota diversity and composition in threespine stickleback fish introduced to large semi‐natural ponds. We detected a 63% higher richness of bacterial taxa (α‐diversity) in the guts of high‐fitness fish compared to low‐fitness fish, which might be driven by stronger bacterial dispersal among high‐fitness fish according to the fit of a neutral community model. Further, microbial communities of high‐fitness fish were more similar to one another (i.e., exhibited lower β‐diversity) than those of low‐fitness fish. The lower β‐diversity found to be associated with higher host fitness is consistent with the Anna Karenina principle—that there are fewer ways to have a functional microbiota than a dysfunctional microbiota. Our study links differences in α‐ and β‐diversity to a fitness‐related trait in a vertebrate species reared under naturalistic conditions and our findings provide a basis for functional tests of the fitness consequences of host‐microbiota interactions.
New persistent plant RNA virus carries mutations to weaken viral suppression of antiviral RNA interference
Authors: Zhu Li‐Juan , Zhu Yu , Zou Chengwu , Su Lan‐Yi , Zhang Chong‐Tao , Wang Chi , Bai Ya‐Ni , Chen Baoshan , Li Rongbai , Wu Qingfa , Ding Shou‐Wei , Wu Jian‐Guo , Han Yan‐Hong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPersistent plant viruses are widespread in natural ecosystems. However, little is known about why persistent infection with these viruses may cause little or no harm to their host. Here, we discovered a new polerovirus that persistently infected wild rice plants by deep sequencing and assembly of virus‐derived small‐interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The new virus was named Rice tiller inhibition virus 2 (RTIV2) based on the symptoms developed in cultivated rice varieties following Agrobacterium‐mediated inoculation with an infectious RTIV2 clone. We showed that RTIV2 infection induced antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) in both the wild and cultivated rice plants as well as Nicotiana benthamiana. It is known that virulent virus infection in plants depends on effective suppression of antiviral RNAi by viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs). Notably, the P0 protein of RTIV2 exhibited weak VSR activity and carries alanine substitutions of two amino acids broadly conserved among diverse poleroviruses. Mixed infection with umbraviruses enhanced RTIV2 accumulation and/or enabled its mechanical transmission in N. benthamiana. Moreover, replacing the alanine at either one or both positions of RTIV2 P0 enhanced the VSR activity in a co‐infiltration assay, and RTIV2 mutants carrying the corresponding substitutions replicated to significantly higher levels in both rice and N. benthamiana plants. Together, our findings show that as a persistent plant virus, RTIV2 carries specific mutations in its VSR gene to weaken viral suppression of antiviral RNAi. Our work reveals a new strategy for persistent viruses to maintain long‐term infection by weak suppression of the host defence response.
Introduction to themed section on mechanisms of national solidarity
Authors: Kaplan Danny 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis introduction to the themed section on ‘Mechanisms of National Solidarity’ explores key questions and challenges related to studying national solidarity as distinct from national identity. Focusing on the ‘how’ rather than the ‘what’, this section highlights the importance of examining and theorising the social mechanisms that shape different manifestations of national solidarity. These mechanisms include interpersonal interactions, social networks, communicative processes, socio‐political institutions and iconic material objects. Additionally, the introduction briefly outlines the six contributions in this section, which examines specific solidarity mechanisms within particular national contexts. The contributions offer valuable insights into the study of nationhood and nationalism in both everyday life and public events, helping to unravel the under‐explored relationship between collective identity formation and the creation of solidarity.
Design and Validation of a Health Inequalities Questionnaire for Occupational Health Nurses and Occupational Health Nursing Students in Spain
Authors: Cortés‐Aguilera Antonio Javier , Darias‐Curvo Sara , González‐Caballero Javier , Bianchi‐Calero Daniel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis article aims to describe the methodology for the design, validation, reliability, and pilot testing of a questionnaire aimed at exploring the knowledge and training needs on health inequalities of occupational health nurses (OHNs) and occupational health nursing students in Spain. Working and employment conditions are social determinants that influence the health of workers. The unequal distribution of these factors leads to inequalities. The training and competencies of OHNs need to focus on the social determinants of health to reduce social inequalities. The questionnaire was structured in five sections and 24 closed questions, self‐administered and online. It was validated by a panel of experts using Moriyama's criteria and achieved an average consensus of 93.85%. Internal reliability reached a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.843 and a McDonald's omega of 0.953. Participation in the pilot test was 92.5% of the sample recruited. Achieving higher levels of health of the working population requires a consensus among different social actors to integrate social determinants, gender and equity perspectives into the overall health policy of the company.
PfGSTF2 endows resistance to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl in Polypogon fugax by GSH conjugation
Authors: Chen Wen , Bai Dingyi , Liao Yuxi , Yu Qin , Bai Lianyang , Pan Lang 
Published: October 2024

SummaryPopulations of Polypogon fugax have developed resistance to many acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides. This resistance threats the effectiveness and sustainability of herbicide use. In our previous research, a field P. fugax population exhibited GST‐based metabolic resistance to the widely used ACCase‐inhibiting herbicide quizalofop‐p‐ethyl. Here, in this current study, we identified and characterized two GST genes (named as PfGSTF2 and PfGSTF58) that showed higher expression levels in the resistant than the susceptible population. Transgenic rice calli overexpressing PfGSTF2, but not PfGSTF58, became resistant to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl and haloxyfop‐R‐methyl. This reflects similar cross‐resistance pattern to what was observed in the resistant P. fugax population. Transgenic rice seedlings overexpressing PfGSTF2 also exhibited resistance to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the orthologue gene in rice seedlings increased their sensitivity to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl. LC–MS analysis of in vitro herbicide metabolism by Escherichia coli‐expressed recombinant PfGSTF2 revealed that quizalofop (but not haloxyfop) was detoxified at the ether bond, generating the GSH‐quizalofop conjugate and a propanoic acid derivative with greatly reduced herbicidal activity. Equally, these two metabolites accumulated at higher levels in the resistant population than the susceptible population. In addition, both recombinant PfGSTF2 and PfGSTF58 can attenuate cytotoxicity by reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting a role in plant defence against ROS generated by herbicides. Furthermore, the GST inhibitor (NBD‐Cl) reversed resistance in the resistant population, and PfGSTF2 (but not PfGSTF58) responded to NBD‐Cl inhibition. All these suggest that PfGSTF2 plays a significant role in the evolution of quizalofop resistance through enhanced herbicide metabolism in P. fugax.
Have We Selected for Higher Mesophyll Conductance in Domesticating Soybean?
Authors: Pelech Elena A. , Stutz Samantha S. , Wang Yu , Lochocki Edward B. , Long Stephen P. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSoybean (Glycine max) is the single most important global source of vegetable protein. Yield improvements per unit land area are needed to avoid further expansion onto natural systems. Mesophyll conductance (gm) quantifies the ease with which CO2 can diffuse from the sub‐stomatal cavity to Rubisco. Increasing gm is attractive since it increases photosynthesis without increasing water use. Most measurements of gm have been made during steady‐state light saturated photosynthesis. In field crop canopies, light fluctuations are frequent and the speed with which gm can increase following shade to sun transitions affects crop carbon gain. Is there variability in gm within soybean germplasm? If so, indirect selection may have indirectly increased gm during domestication and subsequent breeding for sustainability and yield. A modern elite cultivar (LD11) was compared with four ancestor accessions of Glycine soja from the assumed area of domestication by concurrent measurements of gas exchange and carbon isotope discrimination (∆13C). gm was a significant limitation to soybean photosynthesis both at steady state and through light induction but was twice the value of the ancestors in LD11. This corresponded to a substantial increase in leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake and water use efficiency.
Tweeter‐in‐chief: Dynamics of Trump's populist campaign against the Fed
Authors: Binder Sarah , Gode Jackson , Potter Christian , Spindel Mark 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSocial media is transforming how politicians communicate with the public, empowering elected officials to immediately reach target audiences. Scholars of the U.S. presidency in particular credit former President Donald Trump with revolutionizing the White House bully pulpit through his use of Twitter. Trump's bullying of the Federal Reserve and Fed Chair Jerome Powell for ever lower interest rates stands out amidst his often norm‐defying social media campaigns. Such attacks broke from recent practice: Trump's immediate predecessors largely refrained from telling the central bank what to do. What drove Trump's pressure campaign against the Fed? In this note, we identify and tally Trump's attacks, explore dynamics shaping his appeals, and demonstrate that financial headwinds—more so than economic or political barometers—reliably incited Trump to pressure the Fed.
Genesis of sediment‐hosted copper and silver mineralization at the Omatapati prospect, Kaoko Belt, Opuwo district, Kunene region, Namibia
Authors: Nghoongoloka Abner , Takahashi Ryohei , Manalo Pearlyn , Agangi Andrea , Sato Hinako , Mocke Helke , Nopeia Manuel , Blamey Nigel , Enno Tavis , Bowell Rob 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Omatapati copper and silver prospect within the Kaoko Belt is located in the Opuwo district, Kunene region, Namibia. The prospect is hosted by dolomite and interbedded argillites of the Neoproterozoic Devede Formation, the Ombombo Subgroup. An ore body is exposed in shallow artisanal mining pits and drill‐cores of the prospect have grades of 0.4 to 5.2 wt% Cu, and 23 to 312 g/t Ag. The prospect was formed by both hypogene and supergene mineralization processes. The hypogene mineralization occurred in three stages. Stage 1 is represented by calcite veins containing chalcopyrite, bornite, sphalerite and galena. Stage 2 consists of quartz and calcite veins with chalcopyrite and bornite. Stage 3 consists of quartz‐calcite‐barite veins with chalcopyrite. The veins of stages 1 and 2 are subparallel or discordant to the foliation of argillites, and those of Stage 3 are NE‐striking and steeply dipping in the brecciated dolostone and argillite. The mineralization stages 1, 2, and 3 are overprinted by supergene chalcocite, digenite, annite, covellite, malachite, delafossite, hematite, and goethite. The supergene process forms a semi‐massive chalcocite‐covellite zone, which extends from the surface to ~50 m depth. The veins show average concentrations of 2.1 wt% Cu, 80 ppm Ag, and 532 ppm Pb for the stage 1, 3.1 wt% Cu, 118 ppm Ag, and 66 ppm Pb for the stage 2, and 18.6 wt% Cu, 675 ppm Ag, and 565 ppm Pb for the Stage 3 with supergene overprinting. Silver occurs as impurity in supergene chalcocite (6303 ppm Ag), digenite (4425 ppm Ag), and covellite (3060 ppm Ag). Fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite revealed that the hypogene mineralization occurred under a pressure >7–8 MPa. Temperatures of ore formation of the stages 1, 2, and 3 were >145–155 °C, >290–300 °C, and >190–230 °C, respectively. Large variation of salinities in each fluid inclusion assemblage suggests fluid mixing and dilution processes. Fluid inclusion gas compositions in the Stage 3 have weighted means of 98.98 mol% H2O, 0.75 mol% N2, 0.52 mol% CO2, 0.02 mol% CH4, 0.0021 mol% Ar, 0.0009 mol% H2S, and 0.00006 mol% He and indicate a signature of magmatic fluids mixed with meteoric waters or seawater. δ34SCDT values of sulfides in the stages 1, 2, and 3 in the prospect have three data clusters, (1) near 0 ‰ of chalcopyrite in the stages 1 and 2, (2) near −11 ‰ of bornite in the stage 2, and (3) +5 to +11 ‰ of the supergene chalcocite and covellite. Modes of occurrence of ores, fluid inclusions and sulfur isotope data show that the prospect is likely the same type as sediment‐hosted copper‐silver deposits with veining found in the Central African Copperbelt.
Midwifing Modernity: Popularizing Modern Health Care for Women in Late Imperial Russia
Authors: Bucher Greta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article examines the discourse on Russian women’s health care in the late Imperial period within the context of modernization. One of the hallmarks of modernity, health care is also one of the most intimate areas of contact between the agents of modernity and the public at large. The discussion was starkly divided between those concerned with peasant women and those concerned with educated women, but both were firmly situated in the overarching project of healthification (ozdorovlenie). While the authors concerned with peasant women’s health sought to overcome traditional beliefs and practices and replace them with the findings of modern science, the literature directed at the educated public illustrates the anxiety that accompanied the modernity project. The authors writing to and about educated society were far more conflicted about the array of problems they observed developing as traditional beliefs and practices were challenged by changes in society. The article explores the development and role of women’s health care, the tensions between professional and popular health care practitioners, and their relationships with the population from cultural, political and gendered perspectives, and analyzes modernization as a site of contention over women’s agency as well as a social and cultural process.
Does individualism lead to longer working hours?
Authors: Tatliyer Mevlut , Gur Nurullah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn this article, utilizing the European Social Survey (ESS), we empirically analyze the effect of individualism on working hours at the micro level.MethodWe use the European Social Survey (ESS), which is a biennial survey conducted in European countries. The ESS provides us five different proxies to measure individualism. In our empirical analyses, we first use proxies separately as our measure of individualism in the regressions. Second, we create a composite indicator for individualism by using the principal component analysis (PCA). We use two different methods for polychoric PCA.ResultsIn four of our individualism proxies, we find that individualism is positively and significantly associated with working hours. Our PCA results also show that survey participants with higher individualistic attitudes tend to work longer hours.ConclusionWe find robust empirical evidence that people who place greater emphasis on individualistic values have a tendency to work longer. The results show that individuals who give more importance to money, expensive things, success, recognition of achievements, showing abilities and being admired, and freedom on his/her decisions are inclined to work longer hours.
Targeted modulation of pennycress lipid droplet proteins impacts droplet morphology and seed oil content
Authors: Guzha Athanas , Gautam Barsanti , Marchiafava Damiano , Ver Sagun Julius , Garcia Tatiana , Jarvis Brice A. , Barbaglia‐Hurlock Allison M. , Johnston Christopher , Grotewold Erich , Sedbrook John C. , Alonso Ana Paula , Chapman Kent D. 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYLipid droplets (LDs) are unusual organelles that have a phospholipid monolayer surface and a hydrophobic matrix. In oilseeds, this matrix is nearly always composed of triacylglycerols (TGs) for efficient storage of carbon and energy. Various proteins play a role in their assembly, stability and turnover, and even though the major structural oleosin proteins in seed LDs have been known for decades, the factors influencing LD formation and dynamics are still being uncovered mostly in the “model oilseed” Arabidopsis. Here we identified several key LD biogenesis proteins in the seeds of pennycress, a potential biofuel crop, that were correlated previously with seed oil content and characterized here for their participation in LD formation in transient expression assays and stable transgenics. One pennycress protein, the lipid droplet associated protein‐interacting protein (LDIP), was able to functionally complement the Arabidopsis ldip mutant, emphasizing the close conservation of lipid storage among these two Brassicas. Moreover, loss‐of‐function ldip mutants in pennycress exhibited increased seed oil content without compromising plant growth, raising the possibility that LDIP or other LD biogenesis factors may be suitable targets for improving yields in oilseed crops more broadly.