bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout among female emergency medicine physicians: A nationwide study
Authors: Soltanifar Atefeh , Pishbin Elham , Attaran Mashhadi Negin , Najaf Najafi Mona , Siahtir Maryam 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe challenging and stressful nature of emergency medicine place the practitioners of this young branch of medicine at risk of burnout. In Iran, the number of women choosing the specialty of emergency medicine has been increasing in recent years. No studies have focused on burnout among female emergency medicine physicians. We conducted this study to evaluate the level of burnout in female emergency medicine physicians in Iran.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, all Iranian female emergency medicine physicians with more than 2 years of work experience as specialists, received a questionnaire containing 22‐item Maslach Burnout Inventory scales and 7‐item Cassidy social support scale, as well as questions about workload and career satisfaction.ResultsIn total, 77 questionnaires were analysed (response rate: 75%; median age: 36 years, median for work experience = 3 years). A total of 34% of participants were academic faculties. The level of burnout in three subscales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and perceived low personal accomplishment was moderate to high in 84.5, 48.1 and 80.5% of participants respectively. A total of 94.8% of female emergency medicine physicians perceived their workload to be moderate to high and only 1.3% of them had high job satisfaction.ConclusionsAlarming high rate of burnout and job dissatisfaction among female emergency medicine physicians in our study requires careful attention. Further investigations are suggested to identify the contributory factors to burnout and the probability of some gender disparities in this field.
Rationale and developmental methodology for the SIMPLE approach: A Systematised, Interdisciplinary Malnutrition Pathway for impLementation and Evaluation in hospitals
Authors: Bell Jack J. , Young Adrienne , Hill Jan , Banks Merrilyn , Comans Tracy , Barnes Rhiannon , Keller Heather H. 
Published: February 2018

AimChanging population demographics, service demands, and healthcare provider expectations suggest that a shift is required regarding how malnutrition care is managed in hospitals. The present study aims to build the reason for required change, and to describe the process used to develop a model for managing malnutrition for implementation across six Queensland hospitals.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of approaches to managing malnutrition in Queensland public hospitals, and development of a new model of care (guided by Knowledge‐to‐Action Framework and qualitative interviews) for testing within a broader implementation program.ResultsTwenty‐three surveys were distributed with 21 completed by metropolitan (n = 11), regional (n = 8), and rural/remote (n = 2) settings. Substantial within and across site variance was observed, with care processes focused towards highly individualised, dietitian delivered care. Some early adopter sites demonstrated systematic, interdisciplinary or delegated malnutrition care processes; however, the latter was rarely or never undertaken in eight sites. A model for the Systematised, Interdisciplinary Malnutrition Pathway for impLementation and Evaluation (SIMPLE) in hospitals was drafted based on identified contemporary models and supporting literature. A mixed‐methods approach combined survey data with structured interviews conducted in six sites, purposively sampled for maximal variation to iteratively refine the model. Consensus for implementation of the final model was achieved across site clinicians, leaders, and governance structures.ConclusionsSystematised, delegated, and interdisciplinary nutrition care activities are realistic in at least some settings. A model is now available to provide interdisciplinary care. Next steps including testing implementation will determine if this interdisciplinary model improves malnutrition care delivered in hospitals.
Exploring the impact of Aboriginal health placement experiences on the preparation of dietetic graduates for practice with Aboriginal communities
Authors: Svarc Ruby , Davis Corinne , McDonald Helena , Perruzza Julia , Browne Jennifer , Delbridge Robyn , Morgan Keith , O’Reilly Sharleen , Margerison Claire , Palermo Claire 
Published: February 2018

AimA health workforce with the ability to practice with Aboriginal communities is crucial to bridge the health gap between Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal Australians. This study aimed to explore the impact of university Aboriginal health placements on preparing dietetic graduates for practice with Aboriginal communities.MethodsA mixed methods sequential explanatory design was used. A sample of 594 dietetic graduates was invited to complete a survey that identified Aboriginal health experiences and measured attitudes and self‐confidence towards working in Aboriginal health using a five‐point Likert scale. Participants were divided into placement versus no‐placement groups and compared using chi‐squared tests. Sixteen of 33 participants who had completed an Aboriginal health placement were invited to participate in a semi‐structured interview to explore how placement influenced practice with Aboriginal communities. Interviews were analysed using content analysis.ResultsA final sample of 120 participants showed that placement participants reported significantly higher self‐confidence towards working in Aboriginal health compared with no‐placement participants (No‐placement = 35% agree, 36% neutral, 29% disagree; Placement = 74% agree, 11% neutral, 16% disagree; χ2 (2, 88) = 9.4; P = 0.01). Fifteen participants were interviewed. Interview data indicated that situated learning experiences, breaking down stereotypes, empathy through learning from Aboriginal people, and Aboriginal health role‐models were key components of Aboriginal health placements in preparing dietetic graduates for practice with Aboriginal communities.ConclusionsThe results suggest that Aboriginal health placements may be an effective strategy for preparing dietetic graduates for practice with Aboriginal communities. The feasibility of placement or alternative curriculum content needs to be explored.
Feather content of porphyrins in Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) fledglings depends on body condition and breeding site quality
Authors: GALVÁN Ismael , DELGADO María del Mar , CAMARERO Pablo R. , MATEO Rafael , LOURENÇO Rui , PENTERIANI Vincenzo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPorphyrins are pigments produced in most animal cells during the synthesis of heme, but their importance for external coloration is unclear. Owls (Order Strigiformes) are among the few animals that accumulate porphyrins in the integument, where it could serve as a means of signaling. Here we hypothesized that the porphyrin content of feathers may depend on body condition and breeding site quality in Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) fledglings and, thus, constitute amplifiers of the quality of the area where they are born. Using high‐performance liquid chromatography, we found 2 porphyrins (protoporphyrin IX and coproporphyrin III) in the body feathers of 19 eagle owl fledglings from 7 breeding territories. Coproporphyrin III, but not protoporphyrin IX feather concentration, was positively associated with the body mass of fledglings and with the quality of the breeding sites where they were reared with respect to food quality and availability. As coproporphyrin III is produced under oxidative stress, we suggest that good breeding sites may lead to fledglings in good condition. This, in turn, may make fledglings induce a certain level of free radical and coproporphyrin III production to signal to conspecifics their site‐mediated capacity to cope with oxidative stress. This is the first time that porphyrin content in the integument has been found to be related to individual quality, opening a new scenario for studying evolution of animal coloration.
Summer egg diapause in a matchstick grasshopper synchronizes the life cycle and buffers thermal extremes
Authors: KEARNEY Michael R. , DEUTSCHER John , KONG Jacinta D. , HOFFMANN Ary A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe phenological response is among the most important traits affecting a species’ sensitivity to climate. In insects, strongly seasonal environments often select for a univoltine life cycle such that one seasonal extreme is avoided as an inactive stage. Through understanding the underlying mechanisms for univoltinism, and the consequences of its failure, we can better predict insect responses to climate change. Here we combine empirical data and simulation studies to investigate the consequences of an unusual diapause mechanism in a parthenogenetic matchstick grasshopper, Warramaba virgo, from arid southern Australia. Our field body temperature measurements indicate that this species is a thermoconformer and our laboratory studies of the thermal response of feeding rate imply strong constraints on winter activity. However, the species exhibits no obligate winter diapause, and eggs can develop in 1 month under constant temperatures approximating the mean soil temperature at the time of oviposition (summer). We show that diurnal temperature cycles exceeding a peak of 36 °C inhibit egg development in summer, and that this is sufficient to prevent autumnal hatching of eggs. Development is also strongly retarded below 24 °C. Microclimate‐driven simulation studies of egg development show that these thermal responses provide robust maintenance of a univoltine life cycle, thereby resulting in survival of heat stress as an egg (due to limited developmental state) and avoidance of cold stress as a nymph and adult (due to overwintering in the soil as an egg).
Non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol:  High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is an independent risk factor for diabetes mellitus: Results from a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Zhang Nan , Hu Xiang , Zhang Qiao , Bai Peng , Cai Miao , Zeng Tian Shu , Zhang Jiao‐Yue , Tian Sheng‐Hua , Min Jie , Huang Han‐Tao , Zheng Juan , Peng Miao‐Miao , Li Meng‐Jia , Chen Lu‐Lu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundDyslipidemia predicts the development and progression of diabetes. A higher non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C):  HDL‐C ratio is reportedly associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, but its relationship with glycemic levels and diabetes remains unclear.MethodsIn all, 4882 subjects aged ≥40 years without diabetes and not using lipid‐lowering drugs were enrolled in the study. The non‐HDL‐C:  HDL‐C ratio was log10 transformed to achieve normal distribution. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the log10‐transformed non‐HDL‐C:  HDL‐C ratio and diabetes. Stratified analyses of the association by age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were also performed.ResultsAfter 3 years of follow‐up, 704 participants developed diabetes. After adjustment for age, gender, current smoking, current drinking, physical activity, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and family history of diabetes, each 1‐SD increase in the log(non‐HDL‐C:  HDL‐C ratio) was associated with higher fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels (β = 0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1–0.1), 2‐h postload plasma glucose levels (2‐h glucose; β = 0.2; 95% CI 0.1–0.2), and risk of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.1; 95% CI 1.0–1.2). In a multivariate model, subjects in the top quartile of non‐HDL‐C:  HDL‐C ratio had higher FPG (β = 0.2; 95% CI 0.2–0.3), 2‐h glucose (β = 0.5; 95% CI 0.3–0.7) and HbA1c (β = 0.1; 95% CI 0.1–0.2) levels, and a 40% increased risk of diabetes (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1–1.8) than participants in the bottom quartile.ConclusionsThe non‐HDL‐C:  HDL‐C ratio was found to be an independent risk factor for diabetes.
Ischaemic heart disease following conventional and hypofractionated radiation treatment in a contemporary breast cancer series
Authors: James Melissa , Swadi Sami , Yi Ma , Johansson Lisa , Robinson Bridget , Dixit Ashutosh 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe report the incidence of ischaemic cardiac toxicity in a contemporary cohort of patients receiving conventional (CFRT) or hypofractionated (HFRT) radiation after surgery for early breast cancer and investigate the interplay of cardiac risk factors and fractionation.MethodsIncluded were patients receiving external beam radiation treatment from 2002 to 2006 at the Christchurch public hospital. Hospital coding databases, oncology databases and medical records were reviewed for baseline characteristics, treatment details and outcomes. The primary outcome was cardiac toxicity (including myocardial infarction, admission for cardiac chest pain, coronary angiogram positivity and ischaemic cardiac death). Kaplan‐Meier methods were used to derive ischaemic cardiac event free and overall survival. Predefined univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to investigate interaction with radiation fraction size, cardiac risk factors, age and side of cancer. Standardised mortality ratios were constructed.ResultsFive hundred and one patients were identified, 220 treated with CFRT and 281 with HFRT. The median age was 56 and median follow‐up 10.33 years. The 10‐year breast cancer specific survival was 81.8% (95% CI %.78.1–85.0). The 10‐year freedom from cardiac death was 98.6% (95% CI 96.9–99.4). There were 27 post radiation cardiac events including 5 cardiac deaths and 19 cases of acute myocardial infarction. 265 (53%) had at least one cardiac risk factor. Twenty five of the 27 patients with a cardiac event had cardiac risk factors. On univariate and multivariate analysis, fractionation schedule was not significantly associated with a post radiation ischaemic event, however, there was a significant relationship with age and the presence of a cardiac risk factor. The standardised mortality ratio was 0.89 (95% CI: 0–3.13).ConclusionsOur study has shown a low rate of ischaemic cardiac disease for both CFRT and HFRT in women treated for breast cancer with no evidence of an effect with fractionation schedule. Coexisting cardiac risk factors are common in the population.
Drones count wildlife more accurately and precisely than humans
Authors: Hodgson Jarrod C. , Mott Rowan , Baylis Shane M. , Pham Trung T. , Wotherspoon Simon , Kilpatrick Adam D. , Raja Segaran Ramesh , Reid Ian , Terauds Aleks , Koh Lian Pin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Knowing how many individuals are in a wildlife population allows informed management decisions to be made. Ecologists are increasingly using technologies, such as remotely piloted aircraft (RPA; commonly known as “drones,” unmanned aerial systems or unmanned aerial vehicles), for wildlife monitoring applications. Although RPA are widely touted as a cost‐effective way to collect high‐quality wildlife population data, the validity of these claims is unclear.

Using life‐sized, replica seabird colonies containing a known number of fake birds, we assessed the accuracy of RPA‐facilitated wildlife population monitoring compared to the traditional ground‐based counting method. The task for both approaches was to count the number of fake birds in each of 10 replica seabird colonies.

We show that RPA‐derived data are, on average, between 43% and 96% more accurate than the traditional ground‐based data collection method. We also demonstrate that counts from this remotely sensed imagery can be semi‐automated with a high degree of accuracy.

The increased accuracy and increased precision of RPA‐derived wildlife monitoring data provides greater statistical power to detect fine‐scale population fluctuations allowing for more informed and proactive ecological management.
Effects of Early Alcohol Exposure on Functional Organization and Microstructure of a Visual‐Tactile Integrative Circuit
Authors: Tang Shiyu , Xu Su , Gullapalli Rao P. , Medina Alexandre E. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundChildren with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) often have deficits associated with multisensory processing. Because ethanol (EtOH) disrupts activity‐dependent neuronal plasticity, a process that is essential for refining connections during cortical development, we hypothesize that early alcohol exposure results in alterations in multisensory cortical networks, which could explain the multisensory processing deficits seen in FASD. Here, we use a gyrencephalic animal model to test the prediction that early alcohol exposure alters the functional connectivity and microstructural features of the rostral posterior parietal cortex (PPr), a visual‐tactile integrative area.MethodsFerrets were exposed to moderate doses of EtOH during the brain growth spurt period. Functional connectivity and microstructural features were assessed using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), respectively, when the animals reached juvenile age and adulthood, respectively.ResultsWhile the whole brain volume was smaller in alcohol‐treated animals, the relative size of the frontal brain area was larger when compared to control animals. Altered functional connectivity was observed in alcohol‐treated animals, where increased connectivity was observed between PPr and the region that provides its major visual inputs (the caudal portion of the parietal cortex), but not with the region that provides its major somatosensory inputs (tertiary somatosensory cortex). DKI revealed reduced microstructural tissue complexity in all investigated sensory areas of alcohol‐treated animals.ConclusionsIn this study, we observed alterations in cortical functional connectivity and microstructural integrity in a cortical area involved in multisensory processing in a ferret FASD model. These findings indicate an alteration in cortical networks that may be related to the multisensory processing deficiencies observed in FASD.
Investigation of estimated glomerular filtration rate and its perioperative change in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Koguchi Dai , Matsumoto Kazumasa , Ikeda Masaomi , Taoka Yoshinori , Hirayama Takahiro , Murakami Yasukiyo , Utsunomiya Takuji , Matsuda Daisuke , Okuno Norihiko , Irie Akira , Iwamura Masatsugu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the association of perioperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with prognosis in patients with upper urinary tract urothoelial caicinoma (UTUC).MethodsA total of 433 patients underwent radical nephroureterectomy with excision of the bladder cuff (RNU) at six hospitals affiliated with Kitasato University in Japan. Patients were divided into three groups each in terms of preoperative eGFR: normal eGFR (>60 mL/min/1.73 m2; n = 172), moderately reduced eGFR (45–60 mL/min/1.73 m2; n = 147) and severely reduced eGFR (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2; n = 114), and with regard to changes between pre‐ and postoperative eGFR: normal change (increased or <10% decreased; n = 132), moderate change (10%–30% decreased; n = 172) and severe change (>30% decreased; n = 129). Statistical analyses were performed to investigate the association between perioperative eGFR and prognosis.ResultsPatients in the preoperative normal and moderately reduced eGFR group had significantly better progression‐free survival (PFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) than those in the severely reduced eGFR group (both; P < 0.001). With regard to changes in postoperative eGFR, PFS and CSS were significantly better in patients in the severe and moderate change group than in those in the normal change group (both; P < 0.001). When adjusted for the effects of clinicopathological features, pathologic factors were associated with both PFS and CSS, but perioperative eGFR were not independent prognostic factors.ConclusionsPatients with preoperative normal and moderately reduced eGFR and those with severe and moderate change in postoperative eGFR appeared to have a significantly better prognosis.
Titanium Surface Chemical Composition Interferes in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation
Authors: Nunes Filho Antonio , Aires Michelle de Medeiros , Braz Danilo Cavalcante , Hinrichs Ruth , Macedo Alexandre José , Alves Jr Clodomiro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBacterial adhesion on three different surfaces: untreated Ti, plasma nitriding, and plasma carbonitriding Ti substrates were investigated. The samples were placed in bacterial cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to assess biofilm formation. The correlation between the amount of bacteria attached to the surface after a lapse of time with nanotopography and physicochemical properties was performed. TiN showed the highest capacity to avoid bacterial adhesion, while presenting intermediate roughness and wettability. Although the surface of TiCN had the highest surface roughness and low contact angle (high wettability), bacterial adhesion was intermediate on this sample. Untreated Ti, even though presenting a smooth surface and low wettability, had the highest tendency to form biofilms.
Type II Minimal‐Invasive Extracorporeal Circuit for Aortic Valve Replacement: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gygax Erich , Kaeser Hans‐Ulrich , Stalder Mario , Gahl Brigitta , Rieben Robert , Carrel Thierry , Erdoes Gabor 
Published: February 2018

AbstractExtracorporeal circulation triggers systemic inflammatory response and coagulation disorders which may lead to unfavorable clinical outcome. A type II minimally‐invasive extracorporeal circuit (MiECC) is a closed system with markedly reduced artificial surface as compared to conventional extracorporeal circuits (CECC). The aim of this study was to investigate and compare inflammatory responses, complement activation and selected clinical end‐points in isolated surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) performed with a type II MiECC circuit or a CECC. Fifty patients were prospectively randomized to MiECC or CECC perfusion regimen. Complement activation (sC5b‐9), inflammation (IL‐6, TNF‐α, sCD40‐ligand) and activation of the coagulation system (D‐dimer, TAT‐complex) were determined before operation, at 2 hours and 24 hours after surgery. Clinical end‐points included perfusion time, transfusion of allogeneic blood products, postoperative bleeding, sepsis, new onset of atrial fibrillation, stroke and in‐hospital mortality. Patient characteristics and baseline plasma markers were similar in both groups. Levels for sC5b‐9, TNF‐α, sCD40 ligand, TAT‐complex and D‐dimers were not significantly different between MiECC and CECC at 2 hours and 24 hours after surgery. The IL‐6 plasma concentration was lower in the CECC group at 24 hours (P = 0.026, vs. MiECC). Comparisons of the baseline level to values at 2 hours and 24 hours, adjusted for the type of oxygenator and hemoglobin, showed a significantly lower sC5b‐9 in MiECC at 2 hours (P = 0.013), but no difference at 24 hours (P=0.990). Compared with CECC, MiECC patients had a shorter perfusion time (P = 0.037) and less transfusion requirements (P = 0.04). In this selected cohort of SAVR patients, the type II MiECC was not inferior to CECC in terms of inflammatory response and complement activation. Thus, MiECC might be an alternative perfusion strategy to conventional.