bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated atrial amyloid: a potential contributor to morbidity and mortality following cardiac surgery
Authors: Bhakhri Kunal , Volpi Sara , Gori Davide , Goddard Martin , Ali Jason M , De Silva Ravi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESDiffuse cardiac amyloidosis is a significant diagnosis with a poor prognosis. Isolated atrial amyloidosis (IAA) is the most common form of cardiac amyloidosis caused by accumulation of alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide. IAA has been associated with dysrhythmia, but otherwise remains a poorly characterized condition. The impact of incidental IAA on postoperative outcome following cardiac surgery has not previously been reported. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of isolated atrial amyloid on patient outcomes following cardiac surgery.methodsA retrospective analysis was performed of all patients having excision of the left atrial appendage during cardiac surgery at our centre over a 5-year period. Patients with histological evidence of IAA were compared to patients without this diagnosis. IAA was diagnosed by immunohistochemistry for atrial natriuretic peptide.RESULTSA total of 167 patients underwent left atrial appendage excision and of these 26 (15.6%) were found to have IAA. Preoperative characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. A significantly greater proportion of patients with IAA experienced dysrhythmia requiring implantation of a permanent pacemaker (23.1% vs 7.8%, P = 0.03). There was also a significantly elevated incidence of perioperative death in the IAA group (11.5% vs 1.4%, P = 0.03) and inferior 1-year survival (84.6% vs 96.5%, P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONSThe presence of IAA may be associated with inferior outcomes following cardiac surgery, with increased morbidity in the early postoperative period and inferior long-term survival. Knowledge of the diagnosis preoperatively may facilitate management of patients.
Prevalence of behavioural risk factors for road-traffic injuries among the Iranian population: findings from STEPs 2016
Authors: Fathollahi Soraya , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Rezaei Nazila , Jafari Ayyoob , Peykari Niloofar , Haghshenas Rosa , Shams-Beyranvand Mehran , Damerchilu Bahman , Mehregan Ashkan , Khezrian Maryam , Hasan Milad , Momen Nia Rankohi Ezzatollah , Darman Mahboobeh , Moghisi Alireza , Farzadfar Farshad 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.6 in Iran, we need to have a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of risky behaviours regarding road-traffic injuries at national and sub-national levels. Little is known about the road-use vulnerability patterns of road-traffic injuries in Iran. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of self-reported human risk factors in road-traffic injuries using the findings from a large-scale cross-sectional study based on the World Health Organization’s stepwise approach to surveillance of non-communicable diseases (STEPs).

Methods
A cross-sectional survey study in 2016 assessed the road-use pattern and prevalence of risky behaviours of people more than 18 years old. In this study, we planned to recruit 31 050 individuals as a representative sample at national and provincial levels. In practice, 30 541 individuals (3105 clusters) from urban and rural areas of Iran were selected. Basic socio-demographic data, major behavioural risk factors such as seatbelt and helmet non-compliance, drunk driving and occupant in a car with a drunk driver were assessed through baseline interviews gathered through an Android tablet-based questionnaire.

Results
The overall prevalence of seatbelt and helmet compliance was 75.2% (95% confidence interval: 74.7–75.7) and 13.9% (13.4–14.5), respectively, at the national level. The prevalence of risk-taking behaviours such as drink driving was 0.5% (0.4–0.6) and for being an occupant in a car with a drunk driver was 3.5% (3.2–3.8). At the provincial level, the highest age-standardized prevalence of seatbelt compliance (89.6%) was almost 1.5 times higher than the lowest provincial prevalence (58.5%). In 63% of provinces, the lowest prevalence of seatbelt compliance was observed among people aged 18–24 years old.

Conclusions
In Iran, existing disease-prevention and health-promotion programmes should be expanded to target vulnerable subgroups that have more prevalent human risk factors for road-traffic injuries. Further research is required to investigate the context-specific proximal human risk factors and vulnerability patterns in Iran.
Chow Filtration on Representation Rings of Algebraic Groups
Authors: Karpenko Nikita A , Merkurjev Alexander S 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We introduce and study a filtration on the representation ring $R(G)$ of an affine algebraic group $G$ over a field. This filtration, which we call Chow filtration, is an analogue of the coniveau filtration on the Grothendieck ring of a smooth variety. We compare it with the other known filtrations on $R(G)$ and show that all three define on $R(G)$ the same topology. For any $n\geq 1$, we compute the Chow filtration on $R(G)$ for the special orthogonal group $G:=O^+(2n+1)$. In particular, we show that the graded group associated with the filtration is torsion-free. On the other hand, the Chow ring of the classifying space of $G$ over any field of characteristic $\ne 2$ is known to contain non-zero torsion elements. As a consequence, any sufficiently good approximation of the classifying space yields an example of a smooth quasi-projective variety $X$ such that its Chow ring is generated by Chern classes and at the same time contains non-zero elements vanishing under the canonical homomorphism onto the graded ring associated with the coniveau filtration on the Grothendieck ring of $X$.
Zika Virus Infects Newborn Monocytes Without Triggering a Substantial Cytokine Response
Authors: Yoshikawa Fabio Seiti Yamada , Pietrobon Anna Julia , Branco Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo , Pereira Nátalli Zanete , Oliveira Luanda Mara da Silva , Machado Clarisse Martins , Duarte Alberto José da Silva , Sato Maria Notomi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a clinically important flavivirus that can cause neurological disturbances in newborns. Here, we investigated comparatively the outcome of in vitro infection of newborn monocytes by ZIKV. We observed that neonatal cells show defective production of interleukin 1β, interleukin 10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in response to ZIKV, although they were as efficient as adult cells in supporting viral infection. Although CLEC5A is a classical flavivirus immune receptor, it is not essential to the cytokine response, but it regulates the viral load only in adult cells. Greater expression of viral entry receptors may create a favorable environment for viral invasion in neonatal monocytes. We are the first to suggest a role for CLEC5A in human monocyte infectivity and to show that newborn monocytes are interesting targets in ZIKV pathogenesis, owing to their ability to carry the virus with only a partial triggering of the immune response, creating a potentially favorable environment for virus-related pathologies in young individuals.
Laboratory Findings, Compassionate Use of Favipiravir, and Outcome in Patients With Ebola Virus Disease, Guinea, 2015—A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Kerber Romy , Lorenz Eva , Duraffour Sophie , Sissoko Daouda , Rudolf Martin , Jaeger Anna , Cisse Sekou Ditinn , Camara Alseny-Modet , Miranda Osvaldo , Castro Carlos M , Akoi Bore Joseph , Raymond Koundouno Fara , Repits Johanna , Afrough Babak , Becker-Ziaja Beate , Hinzmann Julia , Mertens Marc , Vitoriano Ines , Hugh Logue Christopher , Böttcher Jan-Peter , Pallasch Elisa , Sachse Andreas , Bah Amadou , Cabeza-Cabrerizo Mar , Nitzsche Katja , Kuisma Eeva , Michel Janine , Holm Tobias , Zekeng Elsa Gayle , Cowley Lauren A , Garcia-Dorival Isabel , Hetzelt Nicole , Baum Jonathan Hans Josef , Portmann Jasmine , Carter Lisa , Yenamaberhan Rahel Lemma , Camino Alvaro , Enkirch Theresa , Singethan Katrin , Meisel Sarah , Mazzarelli Antonio , Kosgei Abigail , Kafetzopoulou Liana , Rickett Natasha Y , Patrono Livia Victoria , Ghebreghiorghis Luam , Arnold Ulrike , Colin Géraldine , Juchet Sylvain , Marchal Claire Levy , Kolie Jacques Seraphin , Beavogui Abdoul Habib , Wurr Stephanie , Bockholt Sabrina , Krumkamp Ralf , May Jürgen , Stoecker Kilian , Fleischmann Erna , Ippolito Giuseppe , Carroll Miles W , Koivogui Lamine , Magassouba N’Faly , Keita Sakoba , Gurry Céline , Drury Patrick , Diallo Boubacar , Formenty Pierre , Wölfel Roman , Caro Antonino Di , Gabriel Martin , Anglaret Xavier , Malvy Denis , Günther Stephan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
In 2015, the laboratory at the Ebola treatment center in Coyah, Guinea, confirmed Ebola virus disease (EVD) in 286 patients. The cycle threshold (Ct) of an Ebola virus–specific reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assay and 13 blood chemistry parameters were measured on admission and during hospitalization. Favipiravir treatment was offered to patients with EVD on a compassionate-use basis.

Methods
To reduce biases in the raw field data, we carefully selected 163 of 286 patients with EVD for a retrospective study to assess associations between potential risk factors, alterations in blood chemistry findings, favipiravir treatment, and outcome.

Results
The case-fatality rate in favipiravir-treated patients was lower than in untreated patients (42.5% [31 of 73] vs 57.8% [52 of 90]; P = .053 by univariate analysis). In multivariate regression analysis, a higher Ct and a younger age were associated with survival (P < .001), while favipiravir treatment showed no statistically significant effect (P = .11). However, Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a longer survival time in the favipiravir-treated group (P = .015). The study also showed characteristic changes in blood chemistry findings in patients who died, compared with survivors.

Conclusions
Consistent with the JIKI trial, this retrospective study revealed a trend toward improved survival in favipiravir- treated patients; however, the effect of treatment was not statistically significant, except for its influence on survival time.
Candida auris colonization or infection of the ear: A single-center study in South Korea from 2016 to 2018
Authors: Jung Jiwon , Kim Min Jae , Kim Ja Young , Lee Jeong-Young , Kwak Sun Hee , Hong Min Jee , Chong Yong Pil , Lee Sang-Oh , Choi Sang-Ho , Kim Yang Soo , Woo Jun Hee , Kang Woo Seok , Chung Jong Woo , Kim Mi-Na , Kim Sung-Han 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Candida auris was first identified in Japan from specimens obtained from the ear, but most reports since have reported invasive infections or non-ear based cases. We reviewed all the microbiology records from a single center in South Korea from February 2016 to July 2018. One hundred eleven isolates were positive for C. auris from 79 patients. All 79 patients positive for C. auris had positive ear discharge samples. All but one of the patients with C. auris had been to the otorhinolaryngology clinic. Symptom-driven ear culture was done for all but one patient, whose culture was performed for surveillance. Ear discharges were mostly purulent (60%) or serous (34%). We performed the environmental cultures at the otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic to evaluate the environmental contamination of C. auris, but C. auris was not isolated from medical equipment and environmental surfaces.
A reference sample of face-on bulgeless galaxies
Authors: Karachentsev I D , Karachentseva V E 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present a list of 220 face-on, almost bulgeless galaxies assumed to be counterparts to the objects from the Reference Flat Galaxy Catalogue (RFGC). We selected the Sc-, Scd-, and Sd-type galaxies according to their apparent axial ratio log(r25) < 0.05 and major standard angular diameter log(d25) > 0.90 as defined in HyperLEDA. The sample objects are restricted by the radial velocity $V_{\mathrm{ LG}} \lt 10\, 000$ km s−1 and a declination of above –30 deg. The morphological composition of our sample is quite similar to that of RFGC. We notice the following common properties of face-on bulgeless galaxies. About half of them have bar-like structures occurring in the whole range of the absolute magnitudes of galaxies: from −17 to −22 mag. An essential part of our sample (27–50 per cent) exhibit distorted spiral patterns. The galaxies do not show significant asymmetry in numbers of the ‘S’- and ‘Z’-like spin orientation. The mean (pseudo-)bulge-to-total mass ratio for the sample is estimated as 0.11. Due to a negligible internal extinction, low-light background, and small projection effect, the face-on Sc–Sd discs are suitable objects to recognize their central nuclei as moderate-mass BH candidates. About 40–60 per cent of the galaxies have distinct unresolved nuclei, and their presence steeply depends on the luminosity of the host galaxy.
Non-thermal emission in the lobes of Fornax A
Authors: Persic Massimo , Rephaeli Yoel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Current measurements of the spectral energy distribution in radio, X-ray and γ-ray provide a sufficiently wide basis for determining basic properties of energetic electrons and protons in the extended lobes of the radio galaxy Fornax  A. Of particular interest is establishing observationally, for the first time, the level of contribution of energetic protons to the extended emission observed by the Fermi satellite. Two recent studies concluded that the observed γ-ray emission is unlikely to result from Compton scattering of energetic electrons off the optical radiation field in the lobes, and therefore that the emission originates from decays of neutral pions produced in interactions of energetic protons with protons in the lobe plasma, implying an uncomfortably high-proton energy density. However, our exact calculation of the emission by energetic electrons in the magnetized lobe plasma leads to the conclusion that all the observed emission can, in fact, be accounted for by energetic electrons scattering off the ambient optical radiation field, whose energy density (which, based on recent observations, is dominated by emission from the central galaxy NGC 1316) we calculate to be higher than previously estimated.
Commentary: The Tulane University-Ochsner Clinic Foundation Neurosurgery Program: 75 Years of History, Including the Program's Rebirth After Katrina
Authors: Kahn Lora , Smith Roger D , Dumont Aaron S , Bui Cuong J , Valle-Giler Edison P 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Neurosurgery training in New Orleans began when Dr Dean Echols became the head of Neurosurgery for the Ochnser Clinic and Charity Hospital in 1944. The oldest in Louisiana, the Tulane-Ochsner program has trained 63 board-certified neurosurgeons since its founding, including 5 chairmen. The program has a colorful history linked to New Orleans. Its residents have enjoyed training at Charity Hospital, Tulane Hospital and Clinics, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Ochsner Clinic Foundation.
Source and Relevance of the BK Polyomavirus Genotype for Infection After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Wunderink H F , De Brouwer C S , Gard L , De Fijter J W , Kroes A C M , Rotmans J I , Feltkamp M C W 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundBK polyomavirus (BKPyV)–associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is a major threat for kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The role of specific BKPyV genotypes/serotypes in development of BKPyVAN is poorly understood. Pretransplantation serotyping of kidney donors and recipients and posttransplantation genotyping of viremic recipients, could reveal the clinical relevance of specific BKPyV variants.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 386 living kidney donor-recipient pairs was serotyped before transplantation against BKPyV genotype I–IV viral capsid protein 1 antigen, using a novel BKPyV serotyping assay. Replicating BKPyV isolates in viremic KTRs after transplantation were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by means of sequencing. BKPyV serotype and genotype data were used to determine the source of infection and analyze the risk of viremia and BKPyVAN.ResultsDonor and recipient BKPyV genotype and serotype distribution was dominated by genotype I (&gt;80%), especially Ib, over II, III and IV. Donor serotype was significantly correlated with the replicating genotype in viremic KTRs (P &lt; .001). Individual donor and recipient serotype, serotype (mis)matching and the recipient replicating BKPyV genotype were not associated with development of viremia or BKPyVAN after transplantation.ConclusionsBKPyV donor and recipient serotyping and genotyping indicates the donor origin of replicating BKPyV in viremic KTRs but provides no evidence for BKPyV genotype–specific virulence.
Rewriting Masculinity
Authors: Murphy Kelly J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Described variously as divinely appointed “mighty warrior,” fearful son, hesitant solider, clever tactician, commanding father, ruthless killer, and, perhaps, idolater and illegitimate king, the character of Gideon from the biblical book of Judges has long challenged readers. Why are there so many conflicting portraits of Gideon? What might these different portraits tell us about the authors and editors of Gideon’s story, especially in how men were or are expected to act? By interweaving redaction criticism, reception history, and masculinity studies, Rewriting Masculinity: Gideon, Men, and Might explores how Gideon went from mighty warrior to weakling, from successful leader to a man who led Israel astray. This volume considers the ways older traditions about Gideon were rewritten at key moments in ancient Israel’s history, then how later interpreters also rewrote Gideon to match their own models for men, might, and masculinity. This in-depth case study emphasizes the importance of reading the biblical story and its many expansions alongside the reception history of the narrative to better understand how Gideon is, in many ways, the story of masculinity in miniature: an ever-changing, always-in-crisis, constantly transforming ideal.
Premarital Romantic Commitment
Authors: Konstam Varda 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Relational skills gained through forming committed romantic partnerships in emerging adulthood provide the foundation for sustained intimacy in later adult relationships. Commitment emerges as a crucial relational factor in the quality and longevity of romantic relationships. Twenty-nine emerging adults spoke about the meaning, expectations, and formation of commitment in romantic relationships. Results revealed that emerging adults maintain traditional values concerning monogamy, trust/respect, and planning for the future. Although the majority of the participants could readily identify what they were looking for in a romantic commitment, they hesitated to communicate their desire with their partners. Clinical implications are discussed.
Divorce and Its Aftermath
Authors: Konstam Varda 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Historically, women are vulnerable to devaluation through a multitude of deviance labels, including divorce. Their reflections highlight their experiences of marriage and its aftermath. Prior to marriage, themes of feeling unmoored, in transition, and without an anchor shaped the narratives of the nine emerging and young adult women. Lack of self-reflection and evaluation predisposed them to make decisions based on partial and “convenient” truths. Unfolding processes led the majority of these women to revisit their pre-marital selves, engage with the emotional work that was deferred, and build foundations that were growth enhancing. An analysis specific to stigma revealed that stigma continues to inform the behavior of divorced emerging and young adult women in complex, nuanced, and contradictory ways. While a significant number of the nine participants assessed that divorce-related stigma is no longer relevant, their actions, including intentional nondisclosure and beliefs related to failure and embarrassment, suggest otherwise.
Is General Jurisprudence Interesting?
Authors: Enoch David 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter compares general jurisprudence to metaethics, showing how the former is not interesting in the ways the latter is. A major part of what makes metaethics interesting is the full-blooded normativity of morality. The law, however, is not full-bloodedly normative. And while it is formally normative—it generates criteria of correctness—this is not remotely enough to render jurisprudence interesting. The chapter also notes that response-dependence—a highly controversial view in metaethics—is the obvious way to go in jurisprudence, and that general jurisprudential issues are unlikely to have implications for normative legal theory.
What Are Minds?
Authors: Thagard Paul 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Rather than define the concept of mind, this chapter gives it a “three-analysis” in terms of standard examples such as various people’s intelligence; typical features such as perception, problem solving, emotions, and consciousness; and explanations such as why people behave as they do. Competing explanations of how the mind works have identified it as soul, computer, brain, dynamical system, or social construction. Cognitive science explains mind as operating with mental representations and processes. These mental mechanisms are compatible with a broader account that includes social, neural, and molecular mechanisms. Mechanisms are combinations of interconnected parts that produce regular changes, and complex mechanisms can have emergent properties that belong to wholes but not to their parts.
Action and Intention
Authors: Thagard Paul 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Actions results from the same neural mechanisms that explain sensation, imagery, concepts, rules, analogies, emotions, and consciousness. Neural representations govern motor operations such as walking and talking. Action selection, however, goes beyond simple associations of perception and motor control, because of deliberations in humans using beliefs, desires, and intentions. The basic neural mechanisms of representation, binding into semantic pointers, and competition among pointers function to produce actions. Intentions are semantic pointers that bind representations of the relevant situation, doing, evaluation, and self. Intentions are embodied in that representing the situation includes perceptions, doing the action includes motor representations, and performing the evaluation is an emotional process that includes physiology. But intentions can also be transbodied, when representations for the situation, cognitive appraisal, and the self are abstracted by recursive bindings that far surpass sensory-motor inputs.