bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal regime of the earth’s lithosphere and the mantle:
geothermal studies at IPE RAS
Authors: Gliko A. O. , Parphenuk I. O. 
Published: May 2019

The paper is devoted to a historical retrospective of the development of geothermal research in the former Soviet Union. The detailed history of the Laboratory of geothermics at the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPE RAS) from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s when a full range of geothermal studies were conducted by the laboratory is presented. The main results with the special focus on the world-level achievements made by IPE RAS in this field are outlined. The second part of the paper addresses the key recent results including the theoretical studies of heat and mass transfer and numerical modeling of mantle convection.
Gravitational differentiation in the regimes from stokes settling to Rayleigh–Raylor flows
Authors: Trubitsyn V. P. 
Published: May 2019

The Earth’s core was formed under gravitational differentiation in the course of the separation of iron and silicates. Most of the iron has gone into the core as early as when the Earth was growing. However, iron continued to precipitate even during the subsequent partial solidification which developed from the bottom upwards. At the different stages and in the different layers of the mantle, iron was deposited in different regimes. In this paper, the mechanisms of the deposition of a cloud of heavy interacting particles (or drops) in a viscous fluid are considered. A new approach suitable for analytical and numerical tracing the changes in the structure of the flows in a two-component suspension under continuous transition from the Stokessettling (for the case of a cloud of large particles) to the Rayleigh–Taylor flows and heavy diapirs (for the case of a cloud of small particles) is suggested. It is numerically and analytically shown that the both regimes are the different limiting cases of the sedimentation convection in suspensions.
Analysis of long-term observations of the groundwater level In an aseismic region
Authors: Lyubushin A. A. , Kazantseva O. S. , Manukin A. B. 
Published: May 2019

The results of the analysis of continuous precise time series of atmospheric pressure and groundwater level fluctuations in a well drilled to a depth of 400 m in the territory of Moscow are presented. The observations are remarkable in terms of their duration of more than 22 years (from February 2, 1993 to April 4, 2015) and by the sampling interval of 10 min. These long observations are suitable for exploring the stationarity of the properties of hydrogeological time series in a seismically quiet region, which is important from the methodological standpoint for interpreting the similar observations in seismically active regions aimed at earthquake prediction. Factor and cluster analysis applied to the sequence of multivariate vectors ofthe statistical properties of groundwater level time series in the successive 10-day windows after adaptive compensation for atmospheric pressure effects distinguish five different statistically significant states of the time series with the transitions between them. An attempt to geophysically interpret the revealed states is made. Two significant periods – 46 and 275 days – are established by spectral analysis of the sequence of the transitions times between the clusters.
Iron and sulfur isotope factors for pyrite from experimental gamma-resonant studies and heat capacity
Authors: Polyakov V. B. , Osadchii E. G. , Voronin M. V. , Osadchii V. O. , Sipavina L. V. , Chareev D. A. , Tyurin A. V. , Gurevich V. M. , Gavrichev K. S. 
Published: May 2019

Pyrite Moessbauer spectra (FeS2) is measured in the temperature range from 90 to 295 K. The temperature dependence of the isomer shift is described by the Debye model with Moessbauer temperature θM=551.4 K. Using these results, we calculated the kinetic energy of thermal vibrations of the iron sublattice of pyrite and the iron β-factor for pyrite:
103lnβ57Fe/54Fe=(1.2665±0.0391)x–(0.4584±0.0283) × 10-2x2+(0.2581±0.0239) × 10-4x3; x=106/T 2 (K-2) The Moessbauer-derived iron β-factor for pyrite agrees well with results of ab initio calculations, 57Fe nuclear inelastic γ-resonant scattering synchrotron experiments and direct isotope exchange experiments between pyrite and Fe2+ dissolved in water.
Heat capacity of pyrite is measured at temperatures from 79 to 300 K. Its temperature dependence are described using the Thirring expansion. Based on this expansion, the kinetic energy of thermal vibrations of total crystalline lattice of pyrite is calculated. The kinetic energy of the thermal vibrations of the sulfur sublattice in pyrite is found by subtracting the iron sublattice kinetic energy from the total kinetic energy of pyrite crystalline lattice. Temperature dependence of 34S/32S β-factor for pyrite calculated from the kinetic energy of the sulfur sublattice is following:
103lnβ34Fe/32Fe=(1.7532±0.0623) x–(1.0470±0.0752) × 10-2 x2+(1.0424±0.1126) × 10-4 x3; x=106/T 2 (K-2)
This 34S/32S β-factor values exhibit a good agreement with of ab initio calculations and isotope-exchange experimental results in the pyrite-sphalerite-galenite system.
Sapphirine-bearing granulites of the anabar shield
Authors: Nozhkin A. D. , Likhanov I. I. , Savko K. A. , Krylov А. А. , Serov P. A. 
Published: May 2019

The results of a detailed study of the mineral and chemical composition, geothermobarometry, and U-Pb isotope dating of zircon of high-aluminous sapphirine-bearing crystals of shales associated with biotite-garnet-sillimanite gneisses, hypersthene-two feldspar and high-potassium hypersthene orthogneisses, Ti-rich and subalkaline metabasites belonging to the Kilegirian Formation of the Daldyn series of the Anabar shield. Unlike the known granulites of the Daldin and Upper Ananbar series, the rocks of this association are enriched in K, Rb, Ba, Th, light REEs, differing in elevated (La/Yb)n. The results of thermobarometry yielded the P–Tparameters of formation and evolution of sapphirine-bearing granulites in the Anabar shield with peak values of UHT metamorphism in the range of T= 920–1000°C at P= 9–11 kbar. Isotope-geochronological data indicate a polymetamorphic evolution of these rocks. Detrital zircon cores in the center of crystals yielded ages of 3.36, 2.75, 2.6, and 2.5 Ga. Later, superimposed metamorphic transformations of the detrital zircon formed rims dated to 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, and 1.8 Ga. The timing of formation of aluminous metasedimentary and associated metamagmatic rocks can be estimated in the interval from 2.5 to 2.4 billion years. A potential provenance source of the detrital zircons could be hypersthene plagiogneisses and metabasites of the Daldyn series with a premetamorphic age no less than 3.3 Ga, and products of their metamorphism of about 2.7 Ga old, and possibly not yet detected in the region Na-K granites with an age of about 2.6–2.5 billion years, known on other shields and enriched with radioactive (K, Th, U) and rare elements. An additional source of clastic material in the formation of aluminous sediments could be the associated two feldspar magmatic rocks of rhyolite composition, having the same model age with them.
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in woody plants and herbs near the large copper smelting plant
Authors: Veselkin D. V. , Chashchina O. E. , Kuyantseva N. B. , Mumber A. G. 
Published: May 2019

Variations of stable carbon (13С and 12С) and nitrogen (15N and 14N) isotopic composition are analyzed in forest plants subjected to the emissions of large copper smelting plant. The studies were carried out in pine forests at ten test plots near the Karabash copper smelting plant and in the Ilmen State Reserve at South Urals. The 13С/12С and 15N/14N isotopic ratios were analyzed in leaves of plants of different functional groups (with ecto-, ericoid, or arbuscular mycorrhiza; with nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, and non-mycorrhizal). The 13С/12С ratio did not change under technogenic pollution. The low isotopic 15N/14N ratio was established in ectomycorrhizal trees, while the high ratio was found in herbs with arbuscular mycorrhiza, nitrogenfixing symbiosis, and non-mycorrhizal groups. As compared to nonpolluted habitats, the 15N content in leaves near the copper smelting plant increases by 2.7‰ in the ectomycorrhizal trees and by 3.4‰ in undershrubs with ericoid mycorrhiza, and by 2.2‰ in herbs with arbuscular mycorrhiza. This indicates a significant change in conditions of mineral feeding of plants under heavy metal pollution of natural ecosystems.
A tectonic remnant of the mesoarchean oceanic lithosphere in the Belomorian Province, Fennoscandian Shield
Authors: Slabunov A. I. , Shchipansky A. A. , Stepanov V. S. , Babarina I. I. 
Published: May 2019

The results of the detailed geological mapping, coupled with the isotope-geochemical study of a metamorphosed mafic-ultramafic complex known as the Central Belomorian Belt located in the Belomorian province of the Fennoscandian Shield, are reported.
The protholith of the complex is ~ 2.9—3.1 Ga old. It has been subjected to two 2.87 and 1.87 Ga structural-metamorphic reworking. This complex is one of the oldest in the Belomorian Province.
We present several lines of evidence showing that these lithologies constitute a tectonic remnant of the Mesoarchean oceanic lithosphere, rather than any other mafic-ulramafic complex from the other geodynamic settings. The Central-Belomorian high grade mafic-ultramafics reveal a clear geochemical coherency, which implies their genetic relationships. Their mafic protholiths stem from the partial melting of a mantle peridotite protholith. The petrologic modelling has shown that primary melts were formed in the garnet lherzolite field at a pressure of 3.5–3.8 GPa at ambient mantle potential temperatures of 1520–1550 °С which led to an emergence of ~ 25–30 thick oceanic crust. The available geochemical data suggest that the complex was formed at the initial stage of subduction. It marks the start of early continental crust-forming processes in the Belomorian Province.
Theory and practice of sensorimotor psychosynthesis
Authors: Petrenko V. F. , Kucherenko V. V. 
Published: May 2019

The article describes the theory and practice of applying suggestive techniques of sensory-motor psychosynthesis, which enables the patient to be introduced into altered states of consciousness through the formation of a special relationship between patient and physician (suggestor). This relationship is analogous to the “entangled state” described in quantum physics, and in psychology it acts as a state of empathy. The main feature of the sensory-motor psychosynthesis method, which distinguishes it from directive hypnosis, is the maintenance of the active suggestor's dialog with the patient.
The authors describe the dynamics of transformation of the picture of the world (or mentality) of a number of patients in the course of psychotherapy. This transformation occurs through the use of one of the primary methods of psychosemantics in the study of personality, namely the construction of semantic spaces, during which the patient in an altered state of consciousness creates and exists in a reality that corresponds to his/her personal aspirations and motives. The authors discuss applications of this approach in psychotherapy, sports, and criminalistic practice.
The main trends of spatial development of modern Albania
Authors: Martynov V. L. , Sazonova I. E. 
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the main problems of spatial development of modern Albania. It is argued that the study of Albania by Russian socio-economic geography has paid little attention. In the Russian mass consciousness, this country is surrounded by a lot of inventions that have nothing to do with reality: one of these inventions is the perception of Albania as a purely Muslim country and in general the outpost of the «Islamic world». In fact, Albania is a multi-religious state, but religious differences do not matter much for Albanians. In the geodemographic development of modern Albania there is a steady increase in the share of the center of the country, which now exceeds 50 % of the population. As a Center, the authors consider two main cities, Tirana and Durres, that does not correlate with the official zoning of Albania. The sharp increase in the share of the Center shows the similarity of Albania with Asian states, and in general it can be argued that Albania geographically belongs to Europe, and socially, demographically and historically is closer to Asia. The spatial structure of Albania's economy is characterized by an increase in the share of the Center with a decrease in its economic efficiency, as well as the lag of the North from the South, due to the factor of economic and geographical position. The realization of the idea of "Great Albania", connected with the artificiality of the state borders defined in 1913, is extremely unprofitable for modern Albania in economic, social and demographic terms.
Ice gouging topography on the Caspian and Aral seas bottom
Authors: Ogorodov S. A. , Maznev S. V. , Bukharitsin P. I. 
Published: May 2019

Ice gouging is a destructive mechanical impact of ice on the underlying ground surface associated with ice cover dynamics, ice hummocking (ridging) and formation of grounded hummocks (stamukhas) under hydrometeorological factors and coastal topography. Ice scours in the Northern Caspian Sea were discovered in 1950s, but ice gouging processes were taken into consideration only in 2012, when the accident on Kashagan gas field (Kazakhstan) occurred. Recently we found ice scours on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea. Ice gouging microrelief on the Caspian seabed was researched using specialized geophysical equipment — side-scan sonar and multibeam sounding. We have a unique opportunity to study ice scours on the Aral Sea dried bottom by direct methods, but now they are observed only by remote sensing technologies. When sea level is not stable the most intensive gouging takes place on the depths from 2 to 5 m. Ice scours are widespread on the Caspian and Aral seabed because their level was significantly changing during XX century. Climatic changes and anthropogenic influence can cause changes in conditions of ice scour formation. Studying of the ice scours parameters on the Aral Sea dried bottom has a great economic and fundamental importance for comprehension of ice gouging conditions and intensity in shallow freezing seas and big lakes.
The governmental policy on forest beekeeping in the Russian Empire in the 18th—19th centuries
Authors: Loskutova M. V. , Fedotova A. A. 
Published: May 2019

Based on published and archival sources, the paper considers the transformations in Russian legislation and administrative policies on forest beekeeping (harvesting honey from owned or tended nests in forests) in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It demonstrates how in the course of the eighteenth century, the ownership of bee nests started violating the concept of absolute private property over forests, which was increasingly incompatible with the rights of other individuals to exploit natural resources on the same territory. From the early decades of the 19th century, borders were gradually demarcated between forested areas belonging to the state and private owners, and between the state forests and those designated for the use of state peasants. This process made possible to exercise the concept of absolute private property over forests in practice. These changes in legislation and the forest cadastre were closely linked to the making of ‘forestry science’ that developed in the late 18th century under the influence of a growing demand for timber needed for the navies and merchant fleets of all European states. The precepts of ‘forestry science’ were dictated by its objective to maximise profits by focusing on the production of commercially valuable sorts of timber. By the early 19th century, this logic prompted the forest administration of the Russian empire to start contemplating measures that would obstruct any alternative forms of forest exploitation, such as harvesting honey from tended trees. The paper considers in details the tightening of administrative regulations in this area, as imposed by the Ministry of State Domains that reached its peak in the Great Reforms era, and analyses the mechanisms that translated these general causes at work into specific policies.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH INDONESIAN LEGISLATION
Authors: Ventyrina Ine , Syahrin Alvi , Sitepu Runtung , Ginting Budiman , Suhaidi Suhaidi , Leviza Jelly 
Published: May 2019

Increased awareness of environmental issues is leading to the introduction of environmental education. This article discusses some of Indonesian legislations that accompany the introduction and development of environmental education. Research results concluded that environmental education has been mandatory in various Indonesian legislations which has been observed with vertical and horizontal synchronization, in accordance with the purpose and scope of the environmental protection and management in article 3 and article 4 of Act Number 32 the year 2009.
POLITIK HUKUM PENGATURAN BUILD OPERATE TRANSFER (BOT) DI INDONESIA: DI MASA LALU, SAAT INI, DAN AKAN DATANG
Authors: H Noho Muhammad Dzikirullah 
Published: May 2019

Keberadaan pengaturan BOT saat ini masih sangat parsial, berdiri sendiri, dan tidak ada kepastian hukum serta tidak memberikan batasan boleh atau tidak boleh melakukan perjanjian dengan skema BOT. Dampak dari tidak adanya kepastian hukum akhirnya muncul berbagai sengketa perjanjian BOT, salah satunya kasus wanprestasi BOT Pasar Turi yang masuk di peradilan. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka permasalahan yang coba dikaji yaitu menelusuri pengaturan BOT di masa lalu, saat ini, dan yang akan datang. Melalui penelusuran tersebut diharapkan dapat membangun pengaturan BOT yang ideal di masa yang akan datang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan metode pendekatan undang-undang, konsep, dan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pengaturan BOT di masa lalu dimulai sejak adanya Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Pokok-Pokok Agraria dan kemudian diperkenalkan lebih lanjut melalui Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor: 248/KMK.04/1995 dengan istilah bangun guna serah. Peraturan di masa lalu hanya memperkenalkan istilah bangun tanpa memberikan penjelasan mekanisme. Pengaturan pada saat ini juga demikian, meskipun adanya tambahan penjelasan perjanjian BOT dan pelimpahan pengelolaan dengan skema BOT oleh Daerah. Bertolak dari penjelasan tersebut maka pengaturan BOT di masa yang akan datang harus sesuai dengan nilai hukum Pancasila. Nilai hukum ini akan dituang ke dalam peraturan yang memuat diantaranya ketentuan umum project BOT, keputusan kualifikasi penawaran dan penghargaan, evaluasi penawaran, negosiasi perjanjian, penghargaan dan penandatanganan perjanjian dan diakhir proyek terdapat monitoring. Bertolak dari hal di atas maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa periodisasi pengaturan BOT dari masa lalu hingga saat ini selalu mengalami perubahan namun belum ada satupun pengaturan yang spesifik mengenai BOT. Oleh karenanya di masa yang akan di perlukan pengaturan yang spesifik mengenai pengaturan BOT dan semua aspek-aspek yang terdapat dalam BOT.
La gestión administrativa y la optimización de los recursos empresariales del sector textil de la ciudad de Tulcán
Authors: Chiliquinga Unaucho Edwin Patricio 
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo investigativo, se lo realizó en la ciudad de Tulcán, está orientado a las pequeñas y medianas empresas que se dedican a la fabricación de prendas de vestir, con el propósito de determinar, cuáles son las falencias de su gestión empresarial tanto administrativa, contable y de control de recursos humanos.La modalidad de este trabajo investigativo, es de tipo cualitativo, ya que se conoció las características, el comportamiento y desempeño de los gerentes y la forma como manejan y controlan sus recursos, verificando así la realidad de las diferentes PYMES de la localidad. El diagnóstico final de la investigación en estas PYMES, nos permitió establecer que existe un deficiente control de los recursos que poseen las mismas, las cuales se manejan bajo un proceso administrativo empírico por parte de quienes están al frente de estos negocios, esta situación ha generado que no exista una producción eficiente, capital de trabajes insuficiente, descoordinación de los trabajadores al momento de realizar sus tareas, falta de comunicación y trabajo en equipo, manejo inadecuado de inventarios y otras actividades que contribuyen a que no tengan un desempeño eficiente. Con el fin de enmendar esta situación en las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector textil de la ciudad de Tulcán, se plantea como modelo, un Sistema de Gestión Administrativo en la PYME Confecciones Yolita, el mismo que servirá como soporte para efectuar todas las actividades de la empresa de una manera más ordenada, ejerciendo el control correspondiente, alcanzando así un desarrollo total y al mismo tiempo la optimización de todos sus recursos.Con esta propuesta se abre un camino para que las empresas de esta ciudad sean más competitivas, elevando los niveles de eficiencia y eficacia, en comparación a otras empresas que ofertan sus productos en el mercado.
Presentación y análisis de resultados de la investigación sobre el posicionamiento de la Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi en la Zona Uno
Authors: Urresta Yépez Ramiro , Cahuasqui Cevallos Marcelo , García Iván 
Published: May 2019

Este artículo es parte de la investigación sobre la gestión del marketing y el posicionamiento de la Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi UPEC en la zona territorial Uno en el año 2014. Para lo cual se realizó una investigación a estudiantes y actores sociales (empresarios, funcionarios públicos y público en general) de las provincias de Carchi, Imbabura, Esmeraldas y Sucumbíos; así como a estudiantes, egresados y docente de la UPEC, para conocer su percepción sobre el posicionamiento de la Universidad y sobre los aspectos que más valoran a la hora de escoger una universidad, los mismos que serán considerados para la elaboración e implementación de un Plan de Marketing Estratégico para la UPEC. También se encuestó a autoridades y directivos de la Universidad para conocer cuáles son las acciones de marketing ejecutadas hasta la fecha. De esta investigación se concluye que existe un bajo posicionamiento de la Universidad en el Carchi y en la Zona Uno en cuanto a exigencia académica, calidad de profesores y oferta académica; solo se rescata la infraestructura y la gestión administrativa.
Competencias y habilidades desarrolladas en los estudiantes de contabilidad y auditoría: diagnóstico a la Universidad Estatal de Milagro
Authors: Villegas Yagual Felix Enrique , Borja Salinas Ely Israel , Icaza Rivera Dalva Patricia 
Published: May 2019

El estudio de nivel de competencias desarrolladas por los estudiantes de la carrera de ingeniería en Contaduría Pública y Auditoria de la UNEMI, ha resultado un interesante tema de investigación, pues interviene el aprendizaje adquirido durante el proceso del plan de estudio y las prácticas pre-profesionales de los estudiantes, para poder evaluar el nivel de eficiencia de cada uno de ellos.Mediante el desarrollo de esta investigación permite identificar los inconvenientes que presentan los estudiantes al momento de poner en práctica las competencias y habilidades adquiridas, luego de conocer los resultados, se podrá plantear la propuesta para dar solución a los problemas enfrentados. Esta investigación se basó en una investigación descriptiva es decir los datos proporcionados por los docentes, estudiantes y jefes de departamentos contables y consultorías, permitió describir el fenómeno. Además, identificar el nivel del desarrollo de las competencias.