bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Review of Tissue Adhesives
Authors: Jenkins Lauren E. , Davis Loretta S. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND
Cyanoacrylates, also known as tissue adhesives or skin glues, are commonly used as sealants for lacerations and incisions and have found utility in excisional and cosmetic surgeries in both outpatient and operating room settings.

OBJECTIVE
To review the surgical literature on the utilities, advantages, disadvantages, and special uses of cyanoacrylates applicable to dermatology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed was reviewed for relevant articles related to cyanoacrylates and their use in skin closures. Articles unrelated to cutaneous closures were excluded.

RESULTS
Tissue adhesives polymerize to a water resistant, pliable film after application to approximated wound edges and have antibacterial properties. Adhesives slowly slough off as the wound heals, typically after 5 days. Compared with 5-0 nonabsorbable suture, adhesives provide similar tensile strength and similar patient and surgeon satisfaction. Although slightly more expensive than sutures, tissue adhesives obviate the need for wound dressings and suture removal. They do not perform as well as sutures for wounds under higher tension or in the setting of moisture and inadequate hemostasis.

CONCLUSION
Cyanoacrylates serve as a safe and effective suture alternative in appropriate dermatologic surgeries and procedures.
IMPROVED DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY USING A COMBINATION OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Yanagi Yasuo , Akiba Masahiro , Tan Anna , Mathur Ranjana , Chan Choi Mun , Yeo Ian , Wong Tien Y. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To assess the ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) alone and in combination with OCT angiography (OCTA) to differentiate polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) from neovascular age-related macular degeneration, as compared to fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study. All participants had a standardized history, clinical examination including measurement of best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect fundus examination, and underwent standardized imaging (color photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, OCT, and OCTA) after predefined protocols. We used a 2-step approach (Step 1: spectral domain OCT; Step 2: addition of OCTA) combining structural OCT and OCTA to differentiate 50 treatment-naive eyes with PCV, choroidal neovascularization, and retinal angiomatous proliferation and compared with the diagnosis based on fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography. Spectral domain OCT signs used to diagnose PCV included presence of two out of three of any retinal pigment epithelium detachment (pigment epithelial detachment/double-layer sign), notched or narrow-peaked pigment epithelial detachment, or round subretinal pigment epithelium structure. Optical coherence tomography angiography signs used to diagnose PCV included presence of a localized subretinal pigment epithelium hyperflow signal in the cross-sectional OCTA and/or presence of a focal hyperflow sign in en face OCTA based on outer retina slab.

Results:
Based on fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography, the diagnosis was choroidal neovascularization in 24 eyes, PCV in 23 eyes, and retinal angiomatous proliferation in 3 eyes. Based on spectral domain OCT signs, PCV was diagnosed in 19/23 (82.6%) eyes; however, specificity of OCT was only 51.9%. Cross-sectional OCTA showed a diffuse hyperflow signal in all 24 (100.0%) eyes with choroidal neovascularization, whereas a localized subretinal pigment epithelium hyperflow signal was detected in 19/23 (82.6%) eyes with PCV. En face OCTA only detected a nodular hyperflow signal in 10/23 eyes (43.5%) with PCV. Combination of OCT and OCTA achieved 82.6% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity for differentiating PCV from choroidal neovascularization/retinal angiomatous proliferation.

Conclusion:
Cross-sectional OCTA is more sensitive than en face OCTA in detecting flow signal in polyps. Combination of structural OCT and OCTA can be used to screen for PCV with a high level of sensitivity and specificity.
Cultures of Proximal and Distal Segments of Silicone Tubes After Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Becker Bruce B. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To compare the results of cultures of the proximal and distal segments of silicone tubes after dacryocystorhinostomy.

Methods:
The medical records of patients undergoing a dacryocystorhinostomy and silicone intubation were reviewed. The inclusion criteria were cultures of both distal and proximal stent segments after removal, dye testing, evaluation of the tear meniscus, and notation of the presence or absence of discharge before and after removal. The exclusion criteria included the use of systemic or topical antibiotics within 1 month before tube removal.

Results:
Forty-six lacrimal systems in 40 patients were included, with 6 patients having bilateral dacryocystorhinostomies. There were no cases of dacryocystitis at the time of or after tube removal. Four (9%) of the dacryocystorhinostomies failed. Forty-one (89%) of the distal tube segments had positive cultures. The distal tube cultures grew 17 (36%) gram-positive bacteria, 21 (45%) gram-negative bacteria, 7 (15%) skin flora, and 2 (4%) fungi (6 distal segments had mixed cultures). Thirteen (28%) of the proximal tube segments had positive cultures. The proximal tube cultures were 5 (38%) gram-negative bacteria, 4 (31%) gram-positive bacteria, 3 (23%) skin flora, and 1 (8%) acid-fast bacteria. Four (31%) of the proximal tubes with positive cultures grew the same organism as the distal tube segment. Nine (69%) of the proximal tubes with positive cultures grew different organisms than the distal segment. Forty-two (91%) of all the proximal tube cultures were either negative or grew different organisms than the distal segment cultures.

Conclusions:
The proximal segment of a silicone tube after a dacryocystorhinostomy may be a “privileged” area. There is usually a lack of growth or the growth of different organisms than those present on the distal tube segments. This may be explained by the protective nature of the tear film. The findings may also help to explain the low incidence of dacryocystitis in spite of the growth of virulent organisms on the distal tube segment after a dacryocystorhinostomy.
Dupilumab
Authors: Sung Calvin T. , Jacob Sharon E. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Drugs are broadly defined as any chemical substance that can elicit a physiological effect on the body. Medication is a subgroup of drugs utilized by healthcare providers to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases from occurring. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are immunotherapies that have gained commercial interest over the past 30 years within the biopharmaceutical sector. In addition to cancer and rheumatology diseases, common dermatological pathologies traditionally limited to topical steroid therapies through immunotherapies can now be targeted with specific immunomodulatory drugs.
This pharmacological column aims to draw attention to the first targeted monoclonal antibody therapy approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, dupilumab (Dupixent). The purpose of this article is to review dupilumab within the context of atopic dermatitis immunology, standard treatments, indications, mechanisms of action, adverse reactions, and upcoming applications for asthma with relevance to the growing biopharmaceutical sector. As the popularity of immunotherapies has grown, so has the need for nurse practitioners and educators to continue expanding their knowledge base in drug delivery, adverse reaction management, and therapeutic opportunities to advance care.
Platelet Transfusions in the PICU: Does Disease Severity Matter?*
Authors: Saini Arun , West Alina N. , Harrell Camden , Jones Tamekia L. , Nellis Marianne E. , Joshi Ashwini D. , Cowan Krista M. , Gatewood Connor W. , Ryder Alex B. , Reiss Ulrike M. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
Pediatric intensivists frequently prescribe platelet transfusions to critically ill children, but there are limited data on platelet transfusion practice and platelet transfusion–related outcomes in the PICU. In this study, we evaluated the current platelet transfusion practice and platelet transfusion–related outcomes in the PICU.

Design:
Institutional review board–approved, retrospective cohort study from January 2010 to March 2016.

Setting:
Tertiary-level PICU.

Patients:
Children less than 19 years old who received platelet transfusions in the PICU.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Thirty-six percent (1,547/4,339) of platelet transfusions in the institution were given to 2.4% of PICU patients (232/9,659). The patients who received a platelet transfusion (platelet transfusions, n = 232) compared with those who did not receive platelets (no platelet transfusions, n = 9,427) were younger, had similar gender distribution, had a higher median Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3 score, and stayed longer in the PICU. Fifty percent of platelet transfusions were prescribed prophylactically for thrombocytopenia to patients without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. The mortality was higher for platelet transfusions group (30% vs 2.3%) with an 18 times increased unadjusted odds of mortality when compared with no platelet transfusion group (odds ratio, 18.2; 95% CI, 13.3–24.8; p < 0.0001). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the predicted probability of dying for platelet transfusion group compared with no platelet transfusion group depended on the median Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3 score. Patients who received platelet transfusion versus no platelet transfusion have increased odds of dying at lower median Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3 scores, but decreased odds of dying at higher median Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3 scores.

Conclusions:
This PICU cohort demonstrates that the odds or predicted probability of dying change in patients who received platelet transfusions based on underlying disease severity measured by Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3 score compared with patients who did not receive platelet transfusions. A large, prospective trial is required to confirm this association and determine whether to consider underlying disease severity in estimating risks and benefits of prophylactic platelet transfusions in critically ill children.
Refining Post–Orthognathic Surgery Facial Contour with Computer-Designed/Computer-Manufactured Alloplastic Implants
Authors: Lee Jeffrey H. , Kaban Leonard B. , Yaremchuk Michael J. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Le Fort I maxillary osteotomies and sagittal split mandibular osteotomies are performed to correct significant dentofacial deformities. The multidimensional skeletal movements, particularly those of large magnitude, may result in contour irregularities and facial imbalances.

Methods:
Three-dimensional images were reconstructed from computed tomographic scans in patients unhappy with their appearances after Le Fort I advancement and/or bilateral sagittal split osteotomies. The data from these scans were used to produce alloplastic implants using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing for surgical correction of contour irregularities and imbalances. These implants were surgically placed through intraoral and submental incisions and fixed using titanium screws.

Results:
A total of 21 patients underwent implant placement with implants produced using computer-design/computer manufacturing. One patient required removal of implants secondary to infection. All other patients were satisfied with their result.

Conclusion:
The use and surgical placement of implants produced by means of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing has been shown to be effective in refining appearance in 21 patients over a 7-year period with minimal morbidity.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Tardive Myoclonic Dyskinesia Responsive to Sodium Oxybate
Authors: D'Arrigo Andrea Maria , Campiglio Laura , Casellato Chiara , Gambini Chiara , Belvedere Daniela , Secchi Manuela , Rosci Chiara , Priori Alberto 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Hyperkinetic movement disorders may be difficult to treat, but cases where patients respond to alcohol and/or drugs with similar effects have been described. We report the case of a 64-year-old man with tardive dyskinesia characterized by severe uncontrolled dystonic and myoclonic jerks of the face, shoulders, and arm and forearm muscles, which improved with oral sodium oxybate. Our case suggests the possibility to test sodium oxybate in patients with severe, drug-resistant hyperkinetic syndromes, especially when they are known to improve with alcohol.
Kif17 phosphorylation regulates its ciliary localization and photoreceptor outer segment turnover
Authors: Lewis Tylor R. , Kundinger Sean R. , Link Brian A. , Insinna Christine , Besharse Joseph C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundKIF17, a kinesin-2 motor that functions in intraflagellar transport, can regulate the onset of photoreceptor outer segment development. However, the function of KIF17 in a mature photoreceptor remains unclear. Additionally, the ciliary localization of KIF17 is regulated by a C-terminal consensus sequence (KRKK) that is immediately adjacent to a conserved residue (mouse S1029/zebrafish S815) previously shown to be phosphorylated by CaMKII. Yet, whether this phosphorylation can regulate the localization, and thus function, of KIF17 in ciliary photoreceptors remains unknown.ResultsUsing transgenic expression in both mammalian cells and zebrafish photoreceptors, we show that phospho-mimetic KIF17 has enhanced localization to cilia. Importantly, expression of phospho-mimetic KIF17 is associated with greatly enhanced turnover of the photoreceptor outer segment through disc shedding in a cell-autonomous manner, while genetic mutants of kif17 in zebrafish and mice have diminished disc shedding. Lastly, cone expression of constitutively active tCaMKII leads to a kif17-dependent increase in disc shedding.ConclusionsTaken together, our data support a model in which phosphorylation of KIF17 promotes its ciliary localization. In cone photoreceptor outer segments, this promotes disc shedding, a process essential for photoreceptor maintenance and homeostasis. While disc shedding has been predominantly studied in the context of the mechanisms underlying phagocytosis of outer segments by the retinal pigment epithelium, this work implicates photoreceptor-derived signaling in the underlying mechanisms of disc shedding.
Evolution of correlated complexity in the radically different courtship signals of birds-of-paradise
Authors: Ligon Russell A. , Diaz Christopher D. , Morano Janelle L. , Troscianko Jolyon , Stevens Martin , Moskeland Annalyse , Laman Timothy G. , Scholes Edwin 
Published: June 2018

Ornaments used in courtship often vary wildly among species, reflecting the evolutionary interplay between mate preference functions and the constraints imposed by natural selection. Consequently, understanding the evolutionary dynamics responsible for ornament diversification has been a longstanding challenge in evolutionary biology. However, comparing radically different ornaments across species, as well as different classes of ornaments within species, is a profound challenge to understanding diversification of sexual signals. Using novel methods and a unique natural history dataset, we explore evolutionary patterns of ornament evolution in a group - the birds-of-paradise - exhibiting dramatic phenotypic diversification widely assumed to be driven by sexual selection. Rather than the tradeoff between ornament types originally envisioned by Darwin and Wallace, we found positive correlations among cross-modal (visual/acoustic) signals indicating functional integration of ornamental traits into a composite unit - thecourtship phenotype.Furthermore, given the broad theoretical and empirical support for the idea that systemic robustness - functional overlap and interdependency - promotes evolutionary innovation, we posit that birds-of-paradise have radiated extensively through ornamental phenotype space as a consequence of the robustness in the courtship phenotype that we document at a phylogenetic scale. We suggest that the degree of robustness in courtship phenotypes among taxa can provide new insights into the relative influence of sexual and natural selection on phenotypic radiations.Author SummaryAnimals frequently vary widely in ornamentation, even among closely related species. Understanding the patterns that underlie this variation is a significant challenge, requiring comparisons among drastically different traits - like comparing apples to oranges. Here, we use novel analytical approaches to quantify variation in ornamental diversity and richness across the wildly divergent birds-of-paradise, a textbook example of how sexual selection can profoundly shape organismal phenotypes. We find that color and acoustic complexity, along with behavior and acoustic complexity, are positively correlated across evolutionary time-scales. Positive covariation among ornament classes suggests that selection is acting on correlated suites of traits - a composite courtship phenotype - and that this integration may be partially responsible for the extreme variation we see in birds-of-paradise.
Ancestry of the two subgenomes of maize
Authors: McKain Michael R. , Estep Matt C. , Pasquet Rémy , Layton Daniel J. , Vela Díaz Dilys M. , Zhong Jinshun , Hodge John G. , Malcomber Simon T. , Chipabika Gilson , Pallangyo Beatrice , Kellogg Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMaize (Zea maysssp.mays) is not only one of the world’s most important crops, but it also is a powerful tool for studies of genetics, genomics, and cytology. The genome of maize shows the unmistakable signature of an ancient hybridization event followed by whole genome duplication (allopolyploidy), but the parents of this event have been a mystery for over a century, since studies of maize cytogenetics began. Here we show that the whole genome duplication event preceded the divergence of the entire genusZeaand its sister genusTripsacum. One genome was donated, in whole or in part, by a plant related to the modern African generaUrelytrumandVossia, although genomic rearrangement has been extensive. The other genome donor is less well-supported, but may have been related to the modernRottboellia-Hemarthriaclade, which is also African. ThusZeaandTripsacumtogether represent a New World radiation derived from African ancestors.
BFA1has multiple positive roles in directing late mitotic events inS. cerevisiae
Authors: Whalen J , Sniffen C , Gartland S , Vannini M , Seshan A 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe proper regulation of cell cycle transitions is paramount to the maintenance of cellular genome integrity. In budding yeast, the mitotic exit network (MEN) is a Ras-like signaling cascade that effects the transition from M phase to G1 during the cell division cycle in budding yeast. MEN activation is tightly regulated. It occurs during anaphase and is coupled to mitotic spindle position by the spindle position checkpoint (SPoC). Bfa1 is a key component of the SPoC and functions as part of a two-component GAP complex along with Bub2. The GAP activity of Bfa1-Bub2 keeps the MEN GTPase Tem1 inactive in cells with mispositioned spindles, thereby preventing inappropriate mitotic exit and preserving genome integrity. Interestingly, a GAP-independent role for Bfa1 in mitotic exit regulation has been previously identified. However the nature of this Bub2-independent role and its biological significance are not understood. Here we show that Bfa1 also activates the MEN by promoting the localization of Tem1 primarily to the daughter spindle pole body (dSPB). We demonstrate that the overexpression ofBFA1is lethal due to defects in Tem1 localization, which is required for its activity. In addition, our studies demonstrate a Tem1-independent role for Bfa1 in promoting proper cytokinesis. Cells lackingTEM1, in which the essential mitotic exit function is bypassed, exhibit cytokinesis defects. These defects are suppressed by the overexpression ofBFA1. We conclude that Bfa1 functions to both inhibit and activate late mitotic events.
fMRI replicability depends upon sufficient individual-level data
Authors: Nee Derek Evan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe replicability of findings drawn from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data have increasingly been called into question. Concerns have been raised that historically, sample sizes have been insufficient to produce adequate power, leading to unreliable results. Recently, Turner and colleagues demonstrated that even with large sample sizes, the replicability of fMRI can be worryingly low. However, their datasets featured low amounts of data at the individual-level. Here, I demonstrate that replicability depends critically on sufficient individual-level sampling. I show that fMRI can have strong replicability even at modest sample sizes when individuals are adequately sampled, but that inadequate individual-level sampling leads to poor replicability. These data indicate that fMRI replicability cannot be judged solely on sample size, and that adequate sampling at the individual-level is a critical design consideration.
Full life-cycle models from ring-recovery data: estimating fecundity from age ratios at capture
Authors: Arnold Todd. W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTag-recovery data from organisms captured and marked post breeding are commonly used to estimate juvenile and adult survival. If annual fecundity could also be estimated, tagging studies such as European and North American bird-ringing schemes could provide all parameters needed for building full life-cycle projection models.I modified existing tag-recovery models to allow estimation of annual fecundity using age composition and recapture probabilities obtained during routine banding operations of northern pintails (Anas acuta) and dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis), and I conducted simulations to assess estimator performance in relation to sample size.For pintails, population growth rate from band-recovery data (λ = 0.929, SD 0.060) was similar but less precise than count-based estimates from the Waterfowl Breeding Pair and Habitat Survey (λ 0.945, SE 0.001). Models with temporal variation in vital rates indicated that annual population growth in pintails was driven primarily by variation in fecundity. Juncos had lower survival but greater fecundity, and their estimated population growth rate (λ 1.01, SD 0.19) was consistent with count-based surveys (λ 0.986).Simulations indicated that reliable (CV < 0.10) estimates of fecundity could be obtained with >1000 same-season live encounters. Although precision of survival estimates depended primarily on numbers of adult recoveries, estimates of population growth rate were most sensitive to total number of live encounters.Synthesis and applications: Large-scale ring-recovery programmes could be used to estimate annual fecundity in many species of birds, but the approach requires better data curation, including accurate assessment of age, better reporting of banding totals and greater emphasis on obtaining and reporting same-season live encounters.