bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic characterization of novel Neisseria species
Authors: Diallo Kanny , MacLennan Jenny , Harrison Odile B. , Msefula Chisomo , Sow Samba O. , Daugla Doumagoum M. , Johnson Errin , Trotter Caroline , MacLennan Calman A. , Parkhill Julian , Borrow Ray , Greenwood Brian M. , Maiden Martin C. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOf the ten human-restrictedNeisseriaspecies two,Neisseria meningitidis, andNeisseria gonorrhoeae, cause invasive disease: the other eight are carried asymptomatically in the pharynx, possibly modulating meningococcal and gonococcal infections. Consequently, characterizing their diversity is important for understanding the microbiome in health and disease. Whole genome sequences from 181Neisseriaisolates were examined, including those of three well-defined species (N. meningitidis; N. gonorrhoeae;andNeisseria polysaccharea) and genomes of isolates unassigned to any species (Nspp). Sequence analysis of ribosomal genes, and a set of core (cgMLST) genes were used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and phenotypic data were used to define species clusters, and morphological and metabolic differences among them. Phylogenetic analyses identified two polyphyletic clusters (N. polysacchareaandNspp.), while, cgMLST data groupedNsppisolates into nine clusters and identified at least threeN. polysacchareaclusters. ANI results classifiedNsppinto seven putative species, and also indicated at least three putativeN. polysacchareaspecies. Electron microscopy identified morphological differences among these species. This genomic approach provided a consistent methodology for species characterization using distinct phylogenetic clusters. Seven putative novelNeisseriaspecies were identified, confirming the importance of genomic studies in the characterization of the genusNeisseria.
Structural changes of a protein extract from apple with polyphenoloxidase activity obtained by cationic reversed micellar extraction induced by high-pressure carbon dioxide and thermosonication
Authors: Illera A. E. , Beltrán S. , Sanz M. T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolyphenoloxidase from apple was extracted and further concentrated by cationic reversed micellar extraction. Previous to reversed micellar extraction a crude protein extract was obtained using AG2-X8 as adsorbent of phenolic compounds and the detergent Triton X-100. Forward and backward extraction conditions were optimized by using dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as surfactant in the organic phase. Optimization was carried out to obtain the highest value of PPO activity recovery and the purification fold at the different experimental conditions. Under the optimum extraction conditions, PPO activity recovery was 99% and purification fold reached a value of 17, showing that reversed micellar extraction was a good technique as a first step to concentrate on a targeted enzyme. After removing some impurities by centrifuge ultrafiltration, the protein extract with PPO activity was treated by pressurized carbon dioxide and thermosonication achieving residual PPO activity values of 16 ± 3 and 9 ± 1%, respectively. Quenching experiments by iodide performed in the non-treated extract and in the treated extracts revealed conformational changes of this protein fraction reflected in the greater exposure of the fluorophore to the quencher.
Concentration-Diversified Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Halogen-Adsorbed Silicene
Authors: Nguyen Duy Khanh , Tran Ngoc Thanh Thuy , Chiu Yu-Huang , Lin Ming-Fa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDiverse magnetic and electronic properties of halogen-adsorbed silicene are investigated by the first-principle theoretical framework, including the adatom-diversified geometric structures, atom-dominated energy bands, spatial spin density distributions, spatial charge density distributions and its variations, and orbital-projected density of states. Also, such physical quantities are sufficient to identify similar and different features in the double-side and single-side adsorptions. The former belongs to the concentration-depended finite gap semiconductors or p-type metals, while the latter display the valence energy bands with/without spin-splitting intersecting with the Fermi level. Both adsorption types show the halogen-related weakly dispersed bands at deep energies, the adatom-modified middle-energy σ bands, and the recovery of low-energy π bands during the decrease of the halogen concentrations. Such feature-rich band structures can be verified by the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiment.
Microbiological evaluation of different hand drying methods for removing bacteria from washed hands
Authors: Suen Lorna K. P. , Lung Vanessa Y. T. , Boost Maureen V. , Au-Yeung Cypher H. , Siu Gilman K. H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProper drying of hands after washing is an integral part of hand hygiene. An experimental study on 30 subjects using multiple comparisons of six hand drying methods including 1) drying on own clothes, 2) drying with one paper towel, 3) drying with two paper towels, 4) drying with a warm air dryer while holding hands stationary for 20 s, 5) drying with a warm air dryer while hand rubbing for 20 s, and 6) drying with a jet air dryer until complete dryness was achieved. It aimed to determine the effectiveness of different hand drying methods for removing bacteria from washed hands, so as to identify the optimum method using minimum resources. Our study demonstrated that the use of jet air dryers is the best method to eliminate bacteria on hands, whereas drying hands on one’s own clothes is the least effective. Drying hands in a stationary position could remove more bacteria than rubbing hands when using a warm air dryer for 20 s, which mimics people’s usual hand-drying practice. No significant difference in bacteria reduction was detected between the use of one or two paper towels for hand drying; therefore, using fewer resources is recommended to maintain environmental sustainability.
Chrysin enhances anticancer drug-induced toxicity mediated by the reduction of claudin-1 and 11 expression in a spheroid culture model of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Maruhashi Ryohei , Eguchi Hiroaki , Akizuki Risa , Hamada Shohei , Furuta Takumi , Matsunaga Toshiyuki , Endo Satoshi , Ichihara Kenji , Ikari Akira 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aberrant expression of claudins (CLDNs), which are tight junctional proteins, is seen in various solid tumors, but the regulatory mechanisms and their pathophysiological role are not well understood. Both CLDN1 and CLDN11 were highly expressed in human lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Chrysin, found in high concentration in honey and propolis, decreased CLDN1 and CLDN11 expression in RERF-LC-AI cells derived from human lung SCC. The phosphorylation level of Akt was decreased by chrysin, but those of ERK1/2 and c-Jun were not. LY-294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and decreased the expression levels of CLDN1 and CLDN11. The association between phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and Akt was inhibited by chrysin, but the phosphorylation of PDK1 was not. Immunoprecipitation and quartz-crystal microbalance assays revealed that biotinylated-chrysin binds directly to Akt. The knockdown of CLDN1 and CLDN11 using small interfering RNAs increased the transepithelial flux of doxorubicin (DXR), an anthracycline anticancer drug. Similarly, both chrysin and LY-294002 increased DXR flux. Neither CLDN1 knockdown, CLDN11 knockdown, nor chrysin changed the anticancer drug-induced cytotoxicity in a two-dimensional culture model, whereas they enhanced cytotoxicity in a spheroid culture model. Taken together, chrysin may bind to Akt and inhibit its phosphorylation, resulting in the elevation of anticancer drug-induced toxicity mediated by reductions in CLDN1 and CLDN11 expression in RERF-LC-AI cells. We suggest that chrysin may be useful as an adjuvant chemotherapy in lung SCC.
Comparative transcriptomics between species attributes reactogenicity pathways induced by the capsular group B meningococcal vaccine, 4CMenB, to the membrane-bound endotoxin of its outer membrane vesicle component
Authors: Sheerin Dylan , O’Connor Daniel , Dold Christina , Clutterbuck Elizabeth , Attar Moustafa , Rollier Christine S. , Sadarangani Manish , Pollard Andrew J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe capsular group B meningococcal (MenB) four component vaccine (4CMenB) has been licensed for the prevention of invasive disease caused by MenB. The vaccine causes fever in infants, particularly when given in combination (concomitant) with other routinely-administered vaccines (routine), such as the standard diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP)-containing vaccine. To assess the suitability of a mouse immunisation model to study this phenomenon, we monitored temperature in mice after a second dose of routine vaccines, with or without 4CMenB, and compared the results with those in humans. Using this mouse model, we explored the reactogenicity of 4CMenB components by measuring changes in temperature, cytokines, and gene expression induced by 4CMenB, one of its components, wild-type or attenuated endotoxin outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A significant rise (p < 0.01) in temperature was observed in mice immunised with 4CMenB, wild-type OMVs, and LPS. RNA-sequencing of mouse whole blood revealed a gene signature shared by the 4CMenB, OMV, and LPS groups consisting of bacterial pattern recognition receptors and neutrophil activation marker genes. Sequencing of neutrophils isolated after concomitant 4CMenB identified cells expressing the OMV-associated genes Plek and Lcp1. Immunisation with 4CMenB or OMVs led to increased IL-6 in serum and significant upregulation (p < 0.0001) of prostaglandin-synthesising enzymes on brain tissue. These data demonstrate the suitability of a mouse model for assessing vaccine reactogenicity and strongly indicate that the fever following vaccination with 4CMenB in human infants is induced by endotoxin contained in the OMV component of the vaccine.
Evaluation of physicochemical properties and volatile compounds of Chinese dried pork loin curing with plasma-treated water brine
Authors: Luo Ji , Yan Wenjing , Nasiru Mustapha Muhammad , Zhuang Hong , Zhou Guanghong , Zhang Jianhao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe application of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (DBD-CP)-treated water as a novel curing process for manufacturing Chinese dried pork loin was investigated. The treatment time of DBD-CP was optimized based on the pH and nitrite level of the plasma-treated water (PTW). PTW treated for 3 min had an alkaline environment and a higher nitrite content than that at the other lengths of treatment time. Pork loins were marinated in control or PTW brine at 4 °C for 24 h and then dry-ripened for 15 days. PTW with a higher treatment voltage significantly decreased lipid oxidation of the products and led to an increased a* value (redness) and an increased residual nitrite content in products that was still within the range of use (all P < 0.05). The contents of each free amino acid increased with increasing treatment intensity (P < 0.05). There were 22 new volatile compounds generated in PTW-cured products, such as 3-methyl-butanol, hexanal and 2,3-octanedione, while six substances were lost, such as 2-pentylfuran, compared with those in the control. This study indicates that using PTW as a curing method can be a potential and effective way of producing dried pork meat products.
Pepsin Triggers Neutrophil Migration Across Acid Damaged Lung Epithelium
Authors: Hurley Bryan P. , Jugo Rebecca H. , Snow Ryan F. , Samuels Tina L. , Yonker Lael M. , Mou Hongmei , Johnston Nikki , Rosen Rachel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPepsin represents a potential biomarker for extraesophageal reflux disease when detected in airways, however a direct role for pepsin in lung dysfunction has not been clearly established. Children experiencing gastroesophageal and extraesophageal reflux are often prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce gastric acid associated damage to esophageal and airway mucosa. The potential of pepsin and gastric fluid, from children that were either on or off PPI therapy, to cause inflammation and damage using a human in vitro co-culture model of the airway mucosa was evaluated herein. Exposure of the airway model to acidic solutions caused cellular damage and loss of viability, however, acid alone did not disrupt barrier integrity or instigate neutrophil trans-epithelial migration without pepsin. Gastric fluid from patients on PPI therapy exhibited only a slightly higher pH yet had significantly higher concentrations of pepsin and elicited more barrier disruption and neutrophil trans-epithelial migration compared to gastric fluid from patients off PPIs. Inflammatory and damaging responses observed with gastric fluid from patients on PPIs were largely driven by pepsin. These results indicate the potential for PPI usage to raise concentrations of pepsin in gastric fluid, which may enhance the pathological impact of micro-aspirations in children with extraesophageal reflux.
Execution and analysis of classic neural network algorithms when they are implemented in embedded systems
Authors: Jair Martínez López Alfonso , Raúl Pale Suarez José , Tinoco Varela David 
Published: September 2019

Many algorithms related to neural networks are used in a large number of applications, most of them implemented on computational equipment that have great processing and storage capacities, however, new communication schemes such as the Internet of Things, need that neural algorithms can be executed from small electronic devices, devices that do not have large storage or processing capacities, but they can function as intelligent control centres for the different "things" connected to the Internet.
Currently, there are various electronic devices that allow generating low-cost intelligent technology projects that permit interaction within the Internet of things, such as the Arduino UNO, Tiva-C, and BeagleBone development boards. In this project, we present the analysis of the Perceptron, ADALINE and Hopfield neural network algorithms, when they are executed within the three mentioned development boards, in order to define the best tool to be utilized when using such neural schemes and few data are processed. Economic cost, temporary response and technical capabilities of electronic devices have been evaluated.
Mir kann nicht geholfen werden
Authors: Schild Sarah 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungIm dritten Teil unserer Serie geht es um einen depressiven Patienten, der als
provokant, leicht aufbrausend und zänkisch gilt. Er fühlt sich allein, weil er
denkt, dass ihm niemand helfen kann. Lesen Sie, wie das Pflegeteam es schafft,
mithilfe der systemischen Fallbesprechung neue Perspektiven für sich und den
Patienten zu entwickeln.
Glioblastoma Multiforme and Genetic Mutations: The Issue Is Not Over Yet. An Overview of the Current Literature
Authors: Montemurro Nicola 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background and Objective Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is still a deadly disease with a poor prognosis and high mortality, despite the discovery of new biomarkers and new innovative targeted therapies. The role of genetic mutations in GBM is still not at all clear; however, molecular markers are an integral part of tumor assessment in modern neuro-oncology.
Material and Methods We performed a Medline search for the key words “glioblastoma,” “glioblastoma multiforme,” and “genetic” or “genetics” from 1990 to the present, finding an exponential increase in the number of published articles, especially in the past 7 years.
Results The understanding of molecular subtypes of gliomas recently led to a revision of the World Health Organization classification criteria for these tumors, introducing the concept of primary and secondary GBMs based on genetic alterations and gene or protein expression profiles. Some of these genetic alterations are currently believed to have clinical significance and are more related to secondary GBMs: TP53 mutations, detectable in the early stages of secondary GBM (found in 65%), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 mutations (50% of secondary GBMs), and also O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation (75% of secondary GBMs).
Conclusion From the introduction of the first standard of care (SOC) established in 2005 in patients with a new diagnosis of GBM, a great number of trials have been conducted to improve the actual SOC, but the real turning point has never been achieved or is yet to come. Surgical gross total resection, with at least one more reoperation, radiation therapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy currently remains the current SOC for patients with GBM.
Genetic and nongenetic factors associated with the fate of maiden ewe lambs: slaughtered without ever lambing versus retained for breeding1
Authors: McHugh Noirin , Pabiou Thierry , McDermott Kevin , Wall Eamon , Berry Donagh P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The decision on which ewe lamb to retain versus which to sell is likely to vary by producer based on personal preference. What is not known, however, is if any commonality exists among producers in the characteristics of ewe lambs that influence their eventual fate. The objective of the present study was to determine what genetic and nongenetic factors associate with the fate of maiden ewe lambs. The fate of each ewe lamb born in the present study was defined as either subsequently: 1) having lambed in the flock, or 2) was slaughtered without any recorded lambing event. A total of 9,705 ewe lamb records from 41 crossbred flocks were used. The logit of the odds of the ewe lamb being retained for lambing was modeled using logistic regression. Variance components were then estimated for the binary trait representing the fate of the ewe lamb using animal linear and threshold mixed models. The genetic correlations between fate of the ewe lamb and preweaning, weaning, or postweaning liveweight were also estimated. From the edited data set, 45% of ewe lambs born entered the mature flock as ewes. Ewe lambs reared as singles, with greater levels of heterosis but lower levels of recombination loss, born to dams that lambed for the first time as hoggets, with greater breed proportion of the Belclare, Suffolk, Texel, and Llyen breeds were more likely (P &lt; 0.001) to eventually lamb in the flock than be slaughtered without ever lambing. Irrespective of the age of the animal when weighed, heavier ewe lambs were more likely to eventually lamb (P &lt; 0.001). The genetic SD and direct heritability of fate of the ewe lamb estimated in the univariate linear model was 26.58 percentage units and 0.31 (SE = 0.03), respectively; the heritability was 0.30 when estimated using the threshold model. The corresponding direct heritability of fate of the ewe lamb estimated in the bivariate analyses with liveweight ranged from 0.29 (SE = 0.03; preweaning weight) to 0.35 (SE = 0.04; postweaning weight). The genetic correlations estimated between fate of the ewe lamb and the liveweight traits were weak to moderate but strengthened as the age of the ewe lamb at weighing increased. Results from this study provide an understanding of the factors producers consider when selecting females for retention versus slaughter which may form useful parameters in the development of a decision support tool to identify suitable ewe lambs for retention.
Pediatric Physical Therapists' Use of the Congenital Muscular Torticollis Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Qualitative Implementation Study
Authors: Nixon-Cave Kim , Kaplan Sandra , Dole Robin , Schreiber Joseph 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
This study is a follow-up to the quantitative survey to examine the perceptions of pediatric physical therapists (PTs) on the application of the 2013 Congenital Muscular Torticollis Clinical Practice Guideline (CMT CPG).

Method:
Qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews were completed. Interview questions focused on how the guidelines influenced practice, facilitators and barriers to implementation, and knowledge translation activities.

Results:
Thirteen pediatric PTs from a variety of practice settings participated. Positive perceptions about the CMT CPG included the use of flow charts, synthesized literature in one place, and validation of examination and intervention approaches. Negative perceptions included its length and that approaches without published evidence were not addressed. Three major themes were identified: knowledge and evidence for practice, education of clinicians, and the CPG structure and components that influenced practice.

Conclusions:
The CMT CPG provided a number of benefits. Recommendations for future enhancement and development are provided.
Cell-to-cell variability in AMPK activation reveals autonomous cycles in cellular energy balance
Authors: Kosaisawe Nont , Sparta Breanne , Pargett Michael , Teragawa Carolyn , Albeck John G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCellular metabolism can be reconfigured to balance nutrient processing (catabolism) and cellular demands (anabolism). However, the kinetics of reconfiguration within individual mammalian cells, and heterogeneity between cells, have remained unexplored. Using live-cell imaging, we investigate the kinetics of bioenergetic adaptation in individual cells. In response to acute inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, AMPK substrates are phosphorylated bimodally, identifying cells in different underlying states of anabolism and catabolism. Manipulation of glycolysis, insulin/Akt signaling, or protein synthesis shifts the distribution of these states. Long-term lineage analysis confirms that this cellular energy balance cycles over time within individual cells, independently of the cell division cycle. We further demonstrate that AMPK inhibits the ERK and mTOR cell growth signaling pathways specifically when anabolism is in excess. Our results reveal dynamic fluctuations of energetic balance, establish distinct time scales of cellular energetic control, and open opportunities for more precise prediction and control of cellular metabolic functions.
Are new rural ventures different from new urban ones? An exploratory analysis of businesses located in Portuguese incubators and science parks
Authors: Pato Lúcia , Teixeira Aurora A.C. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Considering the differences between rural and urban spaces, through the theoretical framework developed, the purpose of this paper is to uncover and rationalize the differences between rural and urban new ventures in terms of the environment surrounding the new venture, their general characteristics (e.g. sector, size) and export/economic performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The theoretical framework is empirically assessed resorting to exploratory statistical analysis based on data collected from a questionnaire survey responded by 408 new ventures headquartered in Portuguese business incubators and science parks. The data collected were treated with the Software Package for the Social Sciences.

Findings
The results evidence that rural and urban new ventures differ in terms of generic characteristics, namely sector, size and collaborators’ human capital. Additionally, they differ concerning export and economic performance as well in relation to the perception of the municipality support.

Research limitations/implications
Albeit the present study is mainly exploratory, it constitutes a stepping stone for future research into the differences between rural and urban new ventures regarding their export and economic performance determinants.

Originality/value
The present study innovatively contributes to uncover the role of rural and urban context in entrepreneurship and adds to the scanty empirical literature in the area.