bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissipation of two field‐incurred pesticides and three degradation products in rice (Oryza sativa L.) from harvest to dining table
Authors: Ma Youning , Zhan Liwei , Yang Huan , Qin Meiling , Chai Shuangshuang , Cao Zhaoyun , Mou Renxiang , Chen Mingxue 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh levels of harmful pesticide residues in rice can cause undesirable side effects and are a source of great concern to consumers. Reduction of pesticide residues to provide rice security has thus became an urgent problem.RESULTSIn this study, the effects of commercial and home processing on removal of chlorpyrifos and carbosulfan residues from rice, and the formation of metabolites during processing, were studied. The results showed that 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (0.87 mg kg−1) and carbofuran (0.43 mg kg−1) were the predominant components detected in paddy rice. All detected residues were primarily deposited on the rice hull and bran. Washing twice followed by high‐pressure cooking was able to further decrease residues in polished rice with the processing factor value <0.25. Following application of pesticides at the recommended rate and twice the recommended rate, with a preharvest interval of 28 days, changes in residues from harvest to dining table based on efficient processing techniques were investigated. The final residues dropped to below maximum residue levels after washing twice followed by high‐pressure cooking.CONCLUSIONThis simple cooking process thus reduces the risk of dietary exposure, and it is recommended that it is adopted by all consumers. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of younger age on survival outcomes in T1N0M0 breast cancer: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Zhong Wenjing , Tan Luyuan , Jiang Wen G. , Chen Kai , You Na , Sanders Andrew J. , Liang Gehao , Liu Zihao , Ling Yun , Gong Chang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeWe evaluated the effect of younger age on recurrence risk in Chinese women diagnosed with T1N0M0 breast cancer (BC), using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.MethodsWe included 365 women who were diagnosed with T1N0M0 BC between 2003 and 2016, and who received surgery at our center. They were classified as younger (≤40 years) and older (>40 years). We used PSM to balance clinicopathologic characteristics between the two age groups. Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method, before and after PSM.ResultsOver a median follow‐up period of 79 months, 54 patients developed recurrences. Before PSM, younger patients had worse recurrence‐free survival (RFS) than older patients. Significantly worse RFS was seen in younger patients with HER2+ BC compared with their older counterparts. Younger patients had higher rates of locoregional recurrence rather than metastasis, especially in the first 5 years after diagnosis. After PSM, the two age groups still significantly differed in 5‐year RFS.ConclusionAmong PSM pairs with T1N0M0 BC, with equal baselines and treatment conditions, we found that patients who presented at younger ages had worse outcomes, independently of other pathological features. Younger patients with BC may require more individualized therapy to improve their prognosis.
Development and Evaluation of the Perpetration‐Induced Distress Scale for Measuring Shame and Guilt in Civilian Populations
Authors: Steinmetz Sarah E. , Gray Matt J. , Clapp Joshua D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough the topic of moral injury (MI) has been garnering increasing attention in recent years within military populations, research has rarely applied the concept to civilian contexts. Extant literature on distinct acts of perpetration or transgressions suggests similar emotional, cognitive, and behavioral patterns of distress associated with appraisals of wrongdoing. However, the absence of a psychometrically sound measure to detect and quantify pathological levels of distress associated with perpetrating harm against others has hindered additional research from being conducted on the topic. The current research presents the Perpetration‐Induced Distress Scale (PIDS) as a valid and reliable measurement of distress associated with MI within civilian contexts. Factor analytic techniques revealed a two‐factor solution characterized by perpetration‐induced distress related to maladaptive reactions to shame (seven items) and guilt/self‐blame (seven items). The PIDS demonstrated favorable temporal stability over a 1‐week period as well as excellent internal reliability. Further, the PIDS evidenced convergent validity with functional impairment, posttraumatic stress disorder, and existing scales of shame and guilt; associations were large (rs = 0.62–0.87). The development of the PIDS represents one of the first studies to measure MI within a civilian population and indicates evidence that additional research on the topic is warranted.
Machine Learning for Prediction of Posttraumatic Stress and Resilience Following Trauma: An Overview of Basic Concepts and Recent Advances
Authors: Schultebraucks Katharina , Galatzer‐Levy Isaac R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPosttraumatic stress responses are characterized by a heterogeneity in clinical appearance and etiology. This heterogeneity impacts the field's ability to characterize, predict, and remediate maladaptive responses to trauma. Machine learning (ML) approaches are increasingly utilized to overcome this foundational problem in characterization, prediction, and treatment selection across branches of medicine that have struggled with similar clinical realities of heterogeneity in etiology and outcome, such as oncology. In this article, we review and evaluate ML approaches and applications utilized in the areas of posttraumatic stress, stress pathology, and resilience research, and present didactic information and examples to aid researchers interested in the relevance of ML to their own research. The examined studies exemplify the high potential of ML approaches to build accurate predictive and diagnostic models of posttraumatic stress and stress pathology risk based on diverse sources of available information. The use of ML approaches to integrate high‐dimensional data demonstrates substantial gains in risk prediction even when the sources of data are the same as those used in traditional predictive models. This area of research will greatly benefit from collaboration and data sharing among researchers of posttraumatic stress disorder, stress pathology, and resilience.
Patterns of Radiotherapy Use and Outcomes in Head and Neck Soft‐Tissue Sarcoma in a National Cohort
Authors: Kim Joseph K. , Verma Nipun , McBride Sean , Riaz Nadeem , Boyle Jay O. , Spielsinger Daniel , Sabol Christopher , Waldenberg Todd , Brinkman Thomas , Alektiar Kaled , Lee Nancy Y. , Tsai C. Jillian 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisWe used the National Cancer Database to identify the patterns of care and prognostic factors in adult patients with head and neck soft‐tissue sarcoma (HNSTS).Study DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database, we identified patients age ≥ 18 years who were diagnosed with HNSTS between 2004 and 2013. Both χ2 and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with radiation therapy (RT) utilization. Kaplan‐Meier methods were used to estimate overall survival (OS) and Cox proportional regression was used to determine significant contributors to OS.ResultsOur final cohort included 1,282 patients (682 treated with surgery only, 199 treated with RT only, and 401 treated with surgery and RT). Patients with younger age, poor tumor grade, rhabdomyosarcoma histology, and chemotherapy treatment were more likely to receive RT alone without surgery. Among the 1,083 surgical patients, RT utilization was associated with positive margins (odds ratio [OR]: 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36‐3.48), poor grade (OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.95‐4.38), and chemotherapy use (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.15‐2.76). Radiotherapy utilization among surgical patients was not affected by demographic factors (age, sex, or ethnicity) or treatment institution (academic or community). For surgical patients, poor grade, large tumor size, and rhabdomyosarcoma histology were associated with worse OS on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIn this analysis of HNSTS, younger patients with poor tumor grade and rhabdomyosarcoma histology were more likely to receive RT without surgery. Among surgical patients, adjuvant RT was more likely to be used for positive margins and poor grade, with no demographic disparities identified. Poor grade and rhabdomyosarcoma histology were negative prognostic factors for surgical patients.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:120–127, 2020
Tailoring Hexagonal Gibbsite Single Crystal Nanoplatelets for Ethylene Polymerization and Nanocomposite Formation on MAO‐Free Heterogeneous Bis(imino)pyridine Iron(II) Catalyst
Authors: Zhong Fan , Schwabe Jeremia , Thomann Ralf , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUltrathin single crystal γ‐Al(OH)3 (Gibbsite) nanoplatelets with average thickness <20 nm and length <800 nm, pretreated with trimethylaluminum (TMA), represent highly efficient activators and supports bis(imino)pyridine iron (II) (FeBIP) complex to produce high density polyethylene (HDPE) as well as gibbsite/HDPE nanocomposites in exceptionally high yields. Opposite to both methylaluminoxane (MAO)‐activated homogeneous FeBIP catalyst and heterogenous silica‐supported single site catalysts, no addition of MAO is required. At low TMA/Fe = 50 molar ratio, the superior catalyst activity (up to 6500 kg mol−1 h−1 bar−1) of FeBIP@TMA@Gibbsite is paralleled by controlled polyethylene particle growth without encountering reactor‐fouling problems typical for homogeneous catalysts. TMA@Gibbsite is compared with other AlR3@Gibbsite activators. The Al/Fe molar ratio governs catalyst activity as well as molar mass, molar mass distribution, and thermal properties of polyethylene. Moreover, hexagonal gibbsite nanoplatelets are uniformly dispersed in polyethylene to yield agglomerate‐free polyethylene/gibbsite nanocomposites.
Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review
Authors: Dąbrowska Krystyna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBacteriophages are not forgotten viruses anymore: scientists and practitioners seek to understand phage pharmacokinetics in animals and humans, investigating bacteriophages as therapeutics, nanocarriers or microbiome components. This review provides a comprehensive overview of factors that determine phage circulation, penetration, and clearance, and that in consequence determine phage applicability for medicine. It makes use of experimental data collected by the phage community so far (PubMed 1924‐2016, including non‐English reports), combining elements of critical and systematic review.This study covers phage ability to enter a system by various routes of administration, how (and if) the phage may access various tissues and organs, and finally what mechanisms determine the courses of phage clearance. The systematic review method was applied to analyze (i) phage survival in the gut (gut transit) and (ii) phage ability to enter the mammalian system by many administration routes. Aspects that have not yet been covered by a sufficient number of reports for mathematical analysis, as well as mechanisms underlying trends, are discussed in the form of a critical review.In spite of the extraordinary diversity of bacteriophages and possible phage applications, the analysis revealed that phage morphology, phage specificity, phage dose, presence of sensitive bacteria or the characteristics of treated individuals (age, taxonomy) may affect phage bioavailability in animals and humans. However, once phages successfully enter the body, they reach most organs, including the central nervous system. Bacteriophages are cleared mainly by the immune system: innate immunity removes phages even when no specific response to bacteriophages has yet developed.
Feasibility of absolute quantification for 31P MRS at 7 T
Authors: Purvis Lucian A. B. , Valkovič Ladislav , Robson Matthew D. , Rodgers Christopher T. 
Published: March 2019

PurposePhosphorus spectroscopy can differentiate among liver disease stages and types. To quantify absolute concentrations of phosphorus metabolites, sensitivity calibration and transmit field () correction are required. The trend toward ultrahigh fields (7 T) and the use of multichannel RF coils makes this ever more challenging. We investigated the constraints on reference phantoms, and implemented techniques for the absolute quantification of human liver phosphorus spectra acquired using a 10‐cm loop and a 16‐channel array at 7 T.MethodsThe effect of phantom conductivity was assessed at 25.8 MHz (1.5 T), 49.9 MHz (3 T), and 120.3 MHz (7 T) by electromagnetic modeling. Radiofrequency field maps () were measured in phosphate phantoms (18 mM and 40 mM) at 7 T. These maps were used to assess the correction of 4 phantom 3D‐CSI data sets using 3 techniques: phantom replacement, explicit normalization, and simplified normalization. In vivo liver spectra acquired with a 10‐cm loop were corrected with all 3 methods. Simplified normalization was applied to in vivo 16‐channel array data sets.ResultsSimulations show that quantification errors of less than 3% are achievable using a uniform electrolyte phantom with a conductivity of 0.23‐0.86 S.m−1 at 1.5 T, 0.39‐0.58 S.m−1 at 3 T, and 0.34‐0.42 S.m−1 (16‐19 mM KH2PO4(aq)) at 7 T. The mean γ‐ATP concentration quantified in vivo at 7 T was 1.39 ± 0.30 mmol.L−1 to 1.71 ± 0.35 mmol.L−1 wet tissue for the 10‐cm loop and 1.88 ± 0.25 mmol.L−1 wet tissue for the array.ConclusionIt is essential to select a calibration phantom with appropriate conductivity for quantitative phosphorus spectroscopy at 7 T. Using an 18‐mM phosphate phantom and simplified normalization, human liver phosphate metabolite concentrations were successfully quantified at 7 T.
Hydro‐micromechanical modeling of wave propagation in saturated granular crystals
Authors: Cheng Hongyang , Luding Stefan , Rivas Nicolás , Harting Jens , Magnanimo Vanessa 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBiot theory predicts wave velocities in a saturated granular medium using the pore geometry, viscosity, densities, and elastic moduli of the solid skeleton and pore fluid, neglecting the interaction between constituent particles and local flow, which becomes essential as the wavelength decreases. Here, a hydro‐micromechanical model, for direct numerical simulations of wave propagation in saturated granular media, is implemented by two‐way coupling the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the discrete element method (DEM), which resolve the pore‐scale hydrodynamics and intergranular behavior, respectively. The coupling scheme is benchmarked with the terminal velocity of a single sphere settling in a fluid. In order to mimic a small amplitude pressure wave entering a saturated granular medium, an oscillating pressure boundary on the fluid is implemented and benchmarked with the one‐dimensional wave equation. The effects of input waveforms and frequencies on the dispersion relations in 3D saturated poroelastic media are investigated with granular face‐centered‐cubic crystals. Finally, the pressure and shear wave velocities predicted by the numerical model at various effective confining pressures are found to be in excellent agreement with Biot analytical solutions, including his prediction for slow compressional waves.
Adaptive radial basis function–generated finite differences method for contact problems
Authors: Slak Jure , Kosec Gregor 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes an original adaptive refinement framework using radial basis function–generated finite differences method. Node distributions are generated with a Poisson disc sampling–based algorithm from a given continuous density function, which is altered during the refinement process based on the error indicator. All elements of the proposed adaptive strategy rely only on meshless concepts, which leads to great flexibility and generality of the solution procedure. The proposed framework is tested on four gradually more complex contact problems. First, a disc under pressure is considered and the computed stress field is compared to the closed‐form solution of the problem to assess the behaviour of the algorithm and the influence of free parameters. Second, a Hertzian contact problem is studied to analyse the proposed algorithm with an ad hoc error indicator and to test both refinement and derefinement. A contact problem, typical for fretting fatigue, with no known closed‐form solution is considered and solved next. It is demonstrated that the proposed methodology produces results comparable with finite element method without the need for manual refinement or any human intervention. In the last case, generality of the proposed approach is demonstrated by solving a three‐dimensional Boussinesq's problem.
Health‐related quality of life and related factors among a sample of older people with cognitive impairment
Authors: Christiansen Line , Sanmartin Berglund Johan , Lindberg Catharina , Anderberg Peter , Skär Lisa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to identify factors affecting health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of older adults with cognitive impairment and to describe the association of these factors with different components of HRQoL.DesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive research design was used.MethodsData were collected from 247 individuals aged 60 years and older from a Swedish longitudinal cohort study. The Short‐Form Health Survey‐12 (SF‐12) and EuroQol (EQ‐5D) were used to assess HRQoL. The data were analysed using descriptive and comparative statistics.ResultsThe present study identified several factors that influenced HRQoL of older adults with cognitive impairment. The results of a multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the following factors were associated with physical and mental HRQoL: dependency in activities of daily living (ADL), receiving informal care and feelings of loneliness and pain.
The Macroeconomic Effects of 2017 Through 2025 Federal Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards
Authors: Carley Sanya , Zirogiannis Nikolaos , Duncan Denvil , Siddiki Saba , Graham John D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the absence of a national carbon price, the federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards and the related greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) standards are the primary mechanisms through which the U.S. reduces transportation GHG emissions. In 2012, these standards were set to rise for light‐duty vehicles between 2017 and 2025, eventually achieving a target of 54.5 miles per gallon in 2025. Since 2012, conditions have changed: forecasts of future gasoline prices have dropped dramatically, consumers have demanded larger vehicles, and the cost of compliance appears to be larger than previously thought. In this article, we analyze the possible macroeconomic effects of the standards with both 2012 inputs and updated inputs to reflect these new market developments. The results reveal that the short‐term effects of the federal standards will be negative, but the long‐term effects will be positive, using both 2012 and updated inputs. The transition from annual negative employment impacts to positive impacts occurs between 2023 and 2026, depending on which set of assumptions are used. Possible revisions to the standards that freeze them at 2020 levels or decrease their stringency reduce short‐term negative impacts but also reduce long‐term positive impacts. We conclude with a discussion of policy implications as they relate to the current energy and climate policy conditions.
Use of ion mobility mass spectrometry to enhance cumulative analytical specificity and separation to profile 6‐C/8‐C‐glycosylflavone critical isomer pairs and known–unknowns in medicinal plants
Authors: McCullagh Michael , Pereira Cintia Alessandra Matiucci , Yariwake Janete Harumi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionPlant medicine/herbal extracts are typically complex, encompassing a wide range of flavonoid diversity and biological benefits. Combined with a lack of standards; species authentication profiling is a challenge. A non‐targeted screening strategy using two‐dimensional (2D) separation and specificity of ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography ion mobility collision‐induced dissociation mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐IM‐CID‐MS) has been investigated, to identify the 6‐C and 8‐C‐glycosylflavone isomer orientin/isoorientin and vitexin/isovitexin pairs in Passiflora species. Utilising available standards and “known–unknowns” a reference CCS (collision cross‐section) speciation finger print for Passiflora extracts could be generated to illustrate species profiling.Material and MethodsSPE was performed to extract flavonoids of interest from powdered and ground Passiflora leaf. Chromatographic separation was achieved via UHPLC and analysis performed using positive/negative ion electrospray coupled with linear T‐wave IM‐MS (calibrated to perform accurate mass and CCS measurements).ResultsComparative phytochemical screening of Passiflora alata, P. edulis, P. incarnata and P. caerulea leaf extracts has generated CCS, CID IM product ion spectra, 2D separation with UHPLC‐IM‐MS, enabling the unequivocal identification of flavone C‐glycosides in complex extracts. A phytochemical reference CCS library was generated comprised of “knowns” and “known–unknowns”. Isomers have been differentiated using a CCS metric enabling novel CCS specific isomeric quantitation of co‐eluting isomers.ConclusionsThe screening approach illustrated has the potential to play an important role in the profiling of medicinal plants to determine phytochemical make‐up and improve consumer safety through generation of highly specific speciation profiles.
Evaluation of Clinical and Safety Outcomes Following Uncontrolled Tacrolimus Conversion in Adult Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lichvar Alicia , Tremblay Simon , Naik Devanshi , Lipscomb Jessi , King Eileen , Vinks Alexander A. , Christians Uwe , Alloway Rita R. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo compare clinical and safety outcomes of transplant recipients converted between different tacrolimus formulations to those patients who remained on a single formulation in an outpatient environment.MethodologyThis was a single‐center, retrospective cohort study at a large tertiary care medical center with an associated institutional outpatient pharmacy system. Adult transplant recipients with institutional pharmacy refill from August 1, 2009, to May 31, 2016, were assessed. Patients were allocated into four separate groups: Group (A) innovator tacrolimus (no conversion), Group (B) generic tacrolimus (no conversion), Group (C) single conversion (from innovator to single generic or from generic to innovator tacrolimus), and Group (D) multiple conversions. Index date was either the date of first tacrolimus product conversion (Groups C and D) or a pre‐specified post‐transplant time (Groups A and B).ResultsOverall, 100 patients were included in the analysis, 63% were male, 62% were Caucasian, and 59% were renal transplant recipients. When compared between groups, linear trends in dose‐normalized tacrolimus levels were similar in the pre‐index date period (p=0.52) and in the post‐index date period (p=0.08). When groups were compared individually, linear trends in dose‐normalized tacrolimus levels were significantly different pre‐ versus post‐index date for Group B (p=0.008). There were no differences in the linear trends of dose‐normalized tacrolimus levels across the other groups (p>0.05 for all). After the index date, 43% of patients across all groups required tacrolimus dose modification with no differences by group (p=0.32). Allograft function and hospitalizations were similar across all groups.ConclusionsConversion between tacrolimus generic formulations has been suggested to be unsafe. This study demonstrates that switching tacrolimus products in post‐transplant recipients does not alter dose‐normalized tacrolimus trough concentrations, renal or hepatic function, pathology, or hospitalizations.