bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-dose psilocybin alters resting state functional networks in patients with body dysmorphic disorder
Authors: Zhu Xi , Zhang Chen , Hellerstein David , Feusner Jamie D. , Wheaton Michael G. , Gomez Gloria J. , Schneier Franklin 
Published: November 2024

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a severe psychiatric condition characterized by preoccupation with perceived flaws in one's appearance, which the individual views as defective or ugly. Psilocybin, a serotonin 2A receptor agonist with psychedelic properties, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for depression and other psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to identify subacute neural changes predicting symptomatic response to psilocybin treatment in adults with BDD. Eight adults with moderate-to-severe nondelusional BDD were administered a single oral 25 mg dose of psilocybin, accompanied by psychological support, and underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging assessments 1 day before and 1 day after the dosing. Both a region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI analysis and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) were used to identify changes in resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) at day 1 after dosing that predicted treatment response at week 1, measured by change in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Scale Modified for BDD (BDD-YBOCS) score. All participants completed the dosing and follow-up assessments over 12 weeks. BDD-YBOCS scores decreased at week 1 and week 12 after dosing (p<0.001 for both). MVPA revealed a significant increase in rsFC within the Executive Control Network (ECN) at day 1. Increased rsFC within the ECN (dlPFC – Superior Parietal Lobule [FPL]), between the ECN and Default Mode Network (dlPFC – Precuneus), and between the ECN and the Salience Network (dlPFC – insula) were predictive of improvement in BDD symptoms at week 1. These findings are the first report of subacute brain effects of psilocybin in patients with BDD. Given the small sample size and uncontrolled design of the study, larger controlled studies are necessary to validate these observations.
Clinical Trials Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT04656301
EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E O DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA DAS PESSOAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Rodrigues Susanita de Souza , Oliveira Neuzenir Silva de Abreu , Santos Roseli Matos dos 
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo estuda as políticas públicas e o direito à educação inclusiva das pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista: o trabalho prestado pelo professor na sala de recursos multifuncional. Devido ao fato dos direitos das pessoas com Transtorno de Espectro Autista, ter passado por uma grande evolução, fez-se necessário discutir as leis que protegem as pessoas com autismo. O objetivo foi compreender a importância da sala de recursos multifuncional para o desenvolvimento do ensino e aprendizagem das crianças da Educação Infantil. O professor tem o papel fundamental como mediador na construção de novos conhecimentos, sendo a escola local propício para essa interação e construção do conhecimento tendo o lúdico como principal instrumento. A metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa, de caráter descritivo, além de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema. Por fim, o método escolhido para a análise dos dados foi o indutivo. Os resultados confirmam que grande parte dos problemas está ligada às limitações das medidas pedagógicas adotadas para a inclusão da pessoa autista no ambiente escolar em salas regulares. Com isso, não se garante o direito à educação de qualidade para todos, que haja inclusão. Também se observa a ineficiência das políticas públicas e da aplicação da legislação brasileira.
Influence of Farmer’s Income Level on Adoption of Agricultural Water Management Practices among Smallholder Farmers in Rongai Sub-county, Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Mercy Wagaitheri , Ngesa Fredrick , Mwaniki Susan M.Wanyaga 
Published: November 2024

Water is a resource that cannot be replaced and can only be renewed if it is well managed. It is basic for all forms of life, for every aspects of socio-economic development, and for the maintenance of a healthy ecosystem. Agriculture is the biggest water user globally, accounting for 70 percent of total water withdrawals on average. There are different practices that can aid in managing water used for agriculture. Some of these agricultural water management practices are; rainwater harvesting, irrigation, organic farming, and use of drought resistant crops. Farmer’s decision to either adopt or reject these practices can be affected by several factors, some of which are socio-economic. Some of the socio-economic factors that may influence adoption of these practices include farmer’s educational level, income level and farm size. This study examined the influence of farmer’s income level on adoption of agricultural water management practices (Rainwater harvesting, Irrigation Drought resistant crops). Cross-sectional survey design was adopted, while proportionate and simple random sampling technique was used to obtain the respondents. The accessible population was 6,230 smallholder farmers from the target population of 26,804 smallholder farmers in Rongai sub county Kenya. The study was done in August 2023 to November 2023.The study included 120 smallholder farmers in Rongai Sub County. The study used questionnaire to collect data while binary logistic regression was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that adoption of agricultural water management practices is low, only 36% of smallholder farmers had adopted agricultural water management practices. The P value calculated for the 120 smallholder farmers was P=.033 which is < than .05 and therefore the null hypothesis was rejected concluding that in this study income level had statistically significant influence on adoption of agricultural water management practices among smallholder farmers in Rongai sub-county in Nakuru ,Kenya. The findings may help in emphasizing the necessity of assisting farmers in removing financial obstacles that may hinder adoption of agricultural water management practices.
Statin Use and Knee Osteoarthritis Outcomes: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Koyanagi Ai , Stubbs Brendon , Cooper Cyrus , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Rizzoli Renè , Schofield Patricia , Punzi Leonardo , Al‐Daghri Nasser , Smith Lee , Maggi Stefania , Reginster Jean‐Yves 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveStatins have several pleiotropic effects, but the literature regarding the possible relationship between use of statins and outcomes in knee osteoarthritis (OA) is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether statin use is associated with a lower risk of radiographic OA (ROA), radiographic symptomatic knee OA, and pain in North American individuals.MethodsA total of 4,448 community‐dwelling adults from the Osteoarthritis Initiative were followed for 4 years. Statin use (including the time from baseline and the type of statin) was defined through self‐report information and confirmed by a trained interviewer. Knee OA outcomes included incident ROA, symptomatic knee OA (new onset of a combination of a painful knee and ROA), and knee pain worsening (i.e., a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index difference between baseline and each annual examination ≥14%).ResultsAt baseline, 1,127 participants (25.3% of the total population) used statins. Based on a multivariable Poisson regression analysis with robust variance estimators, any use of statins was not associated with a lower risk of pain worsening (relative risk [RR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.93–1.02), incident ROA, or symptomatic knee OA. However, statin use for more than 5 years (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–0.997) and use of atorvastatin (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.996) were associated with a reduced risk of developing pain, while rosuvastatin use was associated with a higher risk (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.12–1.24). Analysis with adjustment for the propensity score confirmed these findings.ConclusionThe effect of statin use on knee OA outcomes remains unclear, although in our study, a significantly lower risk of developing knee pain was observed in individuals using statins for >5 years and those using atorvastatin.
Catalytic Asymmetric [4+2] Cyclization of para‐Quinone Methide Derivatives with 3‐Alkyl‐2‐vinylindoles
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Li , Wu Shu‐Fang , Wang Jin‐Rong , Mei Guang‐Jian , Shi Feng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA catalytic asymmetric [4+2] cyclization of para‐quinone methide (p‐QM) derivatives with 3‐alkyl‐2‐vinylindoles in the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid has been established, and this method provides chiral chroman frameworks in good yields (up to 98%) with high diastereoselectivities (up to >95:5 dr) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee). This reaction represents the first catalytic asymmetric [4+2] cyclization of p‐QM derivatives with electron‐rich alkenes, which will enrich the field of catalytic asymmetric reactions of p‐QM derivatives. In addition, this catalytic asymmetric cyclization was successfully applied to 3‐alkyl‐2‐vinylindoles. More importantly, this reaction will offer a useful method for the construction of enantioenriched chroman frameworks.magnified image
Towards Dynamic but Supertough Healable Polymers through Biomimetic Hierarchical Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions
Authors: Song Yan , Liu Yuan , Qi Tao , Li Guo Liang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA biomimetic (titin protein molecular structure) strategy is reported for preparing transparent and healable elastomers featuring supertoughness (345 MJ m−3) and high tensile strength (44 MPa) after self‐healing enabled by hierarchical (single, double, and quadruple) hydrogen‐bonding moieties in the polymer backbone. The rigid domain containing hierarchical H‐bonds formed with urethane, urea, and 2‐ureido‐4[1H]‐pyrimidinone groups leads to a durable network structure that has enhanced mechanical properties and is also dynamic for rapid self‐healing. Healable polymers with hierarchical hydrogen‐bonding interactions show excellent recoverability and high energy dissipation owing to the durable interaction between polymer chains. This biomimetic strategy of using hierarchical hydrogen bonds as building blocks is an alternative approach for obtaining dynamic, strong, yet smart self‐healing polymers for heavy‐duty protection materials and wearable electronics.
Undecabenzo[7]superhelicene: A Helical Nanographene Ribbon as a Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emitter
Authors: Cruz Carlos M. , Castro‐Fernández Silvia , Maçôas Ermelinda , Cuerva Juan M. , Campaña Araceli G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of an enantiopure superhelicene nanographene is reported in which two saddle‐shaped and one planar hexabenzocoronene (HBC) units are arranged in a helicoidal shape to form an undecabenzo[7]carbohelicene. The described compound is the first fully π‐extended [7]helicene. Racemic resolution of the helical nanographene permitted analysis of the chiroptical properties and revealed dissymmetry factors in the range of 2×10−3 both in the absorption and in the emission measurements. Remarkably, non‐linear photophysical analysis demonstrated a two‐photon absorption cross‐section of 870 GM at 800 nm and a perfect overlap between linear, non‐linear, and chiral emissions.
Catalytic Regio‐ and Enantioselective Alkylation of Conjugated Dienyl Amides
Authors: Guo Yafei , Kootstra Johanan , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA method for catalytic asymmetric alkylation of conjugated dienyl amides has been developed and it allows efficient and high‐yielding transformations of a wide range of polyconjugated amides into the corresponding chiral products. Smooth addition of organomagnesium reagents to relatively unreactive dienyl amides with excellent 1,6‐ and 1,4‐selectivities, as well as enantioselectivites above 90 %, is achieved owing to the complementary action of the Lewis acid and a chiral copper‐based catalyst.
Heavily Doped and Highly Conductive Hierarchical Nanoporous Graphene for Electrochemical Hydrogen Production
Authors: Chen Linghan , Han Jiuhui , Ito Yoshikazu , Fujita Takeshi , Huang Gang , Hu Kailong , Hirata Akihiko , Watanabe Kentaro , Chen Mingwei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHeavy chemical doping and high electrical conductivity are two key factors for metal‐free graphene electrocatalysts to realize superior catalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution. However, heavy chemical doping usually leads to the reduction of electrical conductivity because the catalytically active dopants give rise to additional electron scattering and hence increased electrical resistance. A hierarchical nanoporous graphene, which is comprised of heavily chemical doped domains and a highly conductive pure graphene substrate, is reported. The hierarchical nanoporous graphene can host a remarkably high concentration of N and S dopants up to 9.0 at % without sacrificing the excellent electrical conductivity of graphene. The combination of heavy chemical doping and high conductivity results in high catalytic activity toward electrochemical hydrogen production. This study has an important implication in developing multi‐functional electrocatalysts by 3D nanoarchitecture design.
The role of water in plasticizing thermally aggregated protein‐based thermoplastics
Authors: Uitto Jussi M. , Verbeek Casparus J. R. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBlood meal‐based thermoplastic protein (Novatein) is made from a highly aggregated protein network, and as a result, water plays a significant role during plasticization. Novatein was plasticized with up to 40 parts tri(ethylene glycol) or glycerol and equilibrated at different relative humidities. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) was the dominant factor determining mechanical properties, with a brittle to ductile transformation observed at 8% EMC. However, EMC was not sufficient to explain this behavior and the point of equivalence (POE) was introduced to differentiate between primary and secondary plasticization. It was shown that the constraint theory, which relates to hydrogen bonding plasticizers, was more applicable below the POE whereas the free volume theory, and the formation of the microscale phase separation, described material behavior above the POE. Water played a critical role improving ideal mixing conditions in the material and was also related to the brittle‐to‐ductile transition. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46746.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel difluoromethylene phosphonic acid functionalized polymer
Authors: Alter Christian , Hoge Berthold 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTA novel polymer featuring difluoromethylene phosphonic acid functions was prepared by free radical polymerization of a styrene monomer that is decorated by phosphonic ester groups. The obtained polymer was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and spectroscopy (NMR, infrared). Treatment of the polymeric phosphonic ester with Me3SiBr led to an exchange of the ethyl groups by trimethylsilyl units in the P‐containing part of the material. Desilylation to the free phosphonic acid functions was effected by water. The ion exchange capacity was determined to be 7.3 mmol/g by titration with 0.1 M NaOH. The proton conductivity in the anhydrous state was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity of 1.76 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 120 °C is well comparable with that of Nafion (7.66 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 120 °C), and renders this polymeric phosphonic acid as a promising candidate for proton conduction applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46765.
Properties of PLA/PMMA blends with high polylactide content prepared by reactive mixing in presence of poly(styrene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) copolymer
Authors: Anakabe J. , Orue A. , Zaldua Huici A. M. , Eceiza A. , Arbelaiz A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPolylactide/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends with high polylactide content (100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20 wt %) were prepared in presence of poly(styrene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) copolymer by reactive melt‐blending. The behavior of these blends was studied by torque monitoring while blending and the thermal properties, mechanical properties, and the morphological study of the produced blends was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile test, impact test, and scanning electron microscopy. In situ torque monitoring during blend preparation suggested no reactivity between the copolymer and poly(methyl methacrylate), while it proved reactivity with polylactide. It was observed that a higher copolymer‐to‐polylactide weight ratio lead to an increase in the slope of the torque‐time curve. At least around 15 wt % of poly(methyl methacrylate) was required to achieve interesting properties. Polylactide/poly(methyl methacrylate) blended at 80/20 wt % containing 3 pph of copolymer showed a huge enhancement of elongation at break value and improved impact resistance compared with neat polylactide, while keeping the tensile modulus and strength over 3 GPa and 60 MPa, respectively. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46825.
Effect of core–shell structures of acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate (ASA) terpolymer on the properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/ASA blends: Miscibility, toughness, and heat resistance
Authors: Zhang Xueqiang , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIn this work, acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate (ASA) terpolymer was used to toughen rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). ASA has a core–shell structure, where the poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) serves as the soft core while styrene‐acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymer works as the rigid shell. Herein, The PBA core content in ASA was varied from 0 to 80 wt %, and its effect on the physiochemical properties was investigated. It was found that the hard shell of ASA was miscible with PVC matrix, providing good interfacial adhesion between ASA and PVC. Increasing the soft PBA content considerably improved the room‐temperature impact toughness, and a sharp brittle–ductile transition (BDT) as a function of PBA content was observed. However, as the testing temperature decreased to 0 and −30 °C, the toughening effect became limited, and the BDT first shifted to high PBA content region and finally disappeared. It was suggested that whether the toughening effect can be achieved depended on the thickness of hard shell and the relaxation behavior of PBA core. Albeit the loss in rigidity was accompanied, the accomplished toughening effect was not on the sacrifice of heat distortion temperature. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46839.
Attenuated Joint Tissue Damage Associated With Improved Synovial Lymphatic Function Following Treatment With Bortezomib in a Mouse Model of Experimental Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Lin Xi , Xu Hao , Sun Wen , Bouta Echoe M. , Zuscik Michael J. , Chen Di , Schwarz Edward M. , Xing Lianping 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the roles of the synovial lymphatic system in the severity and progression of joint tissue damage and functional responses of synovial lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to macrophage subsets, and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) in a mouse model of experimental posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsC57BL/6J wild‐type mice received a meniscal ligamentous injury to induce posttraumatic knee OA. Lymphangiogenesis was blocked by a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR‐3) neutralizing antibody. Synovial lymphatic drainage was examined by near‐infrared imaging. Joint damage was assessed by histology. RNA‐sequencing and pathway analyses were applied to synovial LECs. Macrophage subsets in the mouse synovium were identified by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. M1 and M2 macrophages were induced from mouse bone marrow cells, and their effects on LECs were examined in cocultures in the presence or absence of BTZ. The effects of BTZ on joint damage, LEC inflammation, and synovial lymphatic drainage were examined.ResultsInjection of a VEGFR‐3 neutralizing antibody into the joints of mice with posttraumatic knee OA reduced synovial lymphatic drainage and accelerated joint tissue damage. Synovial LECs from the mouse OA joints had dysregulated inflammatory pathways and expressed high levels of inflammatory genes. The number of M1 macrophages was increased in the knee joints of mice with posttraumatic OA, thereby promoting the expression of inflammatory genes by LECs; this effect was blocked by BTZ. Treatment with BTZ decreased cartilage loss, reduced the expression of inflammatory genes by LECs, and improved lymphatic drainage in the knee joints of mice with posttraumatic OA.ConclusionExperimental posttraumatic knee OA is associated with decreased synovial lymphatic drainage, increased numbers of M1 macrophages, and enhanced inflammatory gene expression by LECs, all of which was improved by treatment with BTZ. Intraarticular administration of BTZ may represent a new therapy for the restoration of synovial lymphatic function in subjects with posttraumatic knee OA.
Recognition Properties and Self‐assembly of Planar [M(2‐pyridyl‐1,2,3‐triazole)2]2+ Metallo‐ligands
Authors: Preston Dan , Findlay James A. , Crowley James D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMolecular recognition continues to be an area of keen interest for supramolecular chemists. The investigated [M(L)2]2+ metallo‐ligands (M=PdII, PtII, L=2‐(1‐(pyridine‐4‐methyl)‐1 H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine) form a planar cationic panel with vacant pyridyl binding sites. They interact with planar neutral aromatic guests through π–π and/or metallophilic interactions. In some cases, the metallo‐ligands also interacted in the solid state with AgI either through coordination to the pendant pyridyl arms, or through metal–metal interactions, forming coordination polymers. We have therefore developed a system that reliably recognises a planar electron‐rich guest in solution and in the solid state, and shows the potential to link the resultant host–guest adducts into extended solid‐state structures. The facile synthesis and ready functionalisation of 2‐pyridyl‐1,2,3‐triazole ligands through copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) “click” chemistry should allow for ready tuning of the electronic properties of adducts formed from these systems.
Tissue‐engineering approaches in pancreatic islet transplantation
Authors: Perez‐Basterrechea Marcos , Esteban Manuel M. , Vega Jose A. , Obaya Alvaro J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPancreatic islet transplantation is a promising alternative to whole‐pancreas transplantation as a treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. This technique has been extensively developed during the past few years, with the main purpose of minimizing the complications arising from the standard protocols used in organ transplantation. By using a variety of strategies used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, pancreatic islets have been successfully introduced in host patients with different outcomes in terms of islet survival and functionality, as well as the desired normoglycemic control. Here, we describe and discuss those strategies to transplant islets together with different scaffolds, in combination with various cell types and diffusible factors, and always with the aim of reducing host immune response and achieving islet survival, regardless of the site of transplantation.