bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Winner Take it All? Increasing Inequality in Scientific Authorship
Authors: Rauhut Heiko , Winter Fabian , Johann David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractScientific authorship has become a hot topic in the social sciences. We present three avenues addressing this topic from different perspectives to illustrate in which direction research on inequalities in the context of scientific authorship and academic publications may move. We draw on data from the Web of Science focusing on the field of sociology. We demonstrate that (i) the alphabetical order of co‐authors' names sends out an ambiguous signal about the actual contributions of each team member, (ii) attention is increasingly paid to a few contributions that are widely cited, and (iii) well‐connected authors tend to work together. In short, this essay suggests a rise in authorship inequalities regarding the attention authors and their articles receive. Sociology and related social sciences are arguably developing into academic winner‐take‐all markets.
The Micro–Macro Link in Social Networks
Authors: Stadtfeld Christoph 
Published: December 2018

AbstractImportant questions in the social sciences are concerned with the link between micro‐level behavior and aggregate macro‐level outcomes. This essay proposes that studies of the micro–macro link in social systems can utilize conceptual representations and analytical strategies from the field of social networks. In particular, statistical network models and research strategies from agent‐based network modeling can be combined to investigate dynamics and the emergence of structure. An empirical case study illustrates how stochastic actor‐oriented models can be applied as empirically calibrated agent‐based simulations. The fruitfulness of this approach is demonstrated by a Schelling‐inspired case study on the emergence of segregation in social networks. It is shown that even individuals without homophilous preferences may find themselves in segregated structures due to the complex interaction of different network mechanisms. The example thereby illustrates how social networks can serve as a conceptual and analytical framework to study the micro–macro link in dynamic, interdependent, and multi‐mechanistic social systems.
The Good, the Bad, and the Long‐Term Implications of Social Diversity
Authors: Ramos Miguel R. , Hewstone Miles 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDemographic trends reveal that modern societies have become more heterogeneous in terms of their ethnic composition. Concerns about social diversity and its implications have received critical scholarly attention, and it has become a prominent topic in several social sciences. The recent but already impressive amount of published research has examined the impact of social diversity (e.g., ethnic, religious diversity) on societal variables such as economic performance and neighborhood trust. However, results from this body of work have been contradictory and a lack of consensus in diversity research has undermined the impact of science on policy. To address this concern, we propose a time‐focused perspective in which seemingly contradictory theoretical perspectives can be integrated to provide a coherent account as to why social diversity can potentially yield both negative and positive outcomes. This perspective is discussed in light of its implications for diversity politics. A successful management and planning of these unprecedented demographic changes will dictate the quality of people's lives.
Disability
Authors: Iarskaia‐Smirnova Elena 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDisability is a part of the human condition but it is also a contested field of various definitions and policies. Various approaches to understanding and treatment of disabilities are referred to as models of disability. The two main, opposing, approaches are social and medical models. In the medical model, disability is considered as a personal problem, caused by a trauma, an illness, or some other health condition, thus calling for a need for medical cure and care. In contrast with the medical model, which claims the necessity of curing the impairments, the social model views disability as a consequence of an unjust social order and insists on the correction of the society that disables a person. Social views on disability and disability activism mutually influenced each other and contributed to legislative changes. Disability models are embodied and reinforced in welfare policies. Contemporary disability scholarship tries to overcome the dichotomy between medical and social models and takes into account complex issues of body, pain, sexuality and reproduction, intimate experiences and emotions, gender, and age.
Isomorphism
Authors: Farquharson Karen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Isomorphism refers to the process whereby organizations become increasingly similar over time. There are two main approaches to understanding isomorphism: competitive and institutional. Competitive isomorphism refers to the isomorphism that occurs due to competition between organizations in a system for survival. There are three forms of institutional isomorphism: coercive, mimetic, and normative. Once fields become established, these processes of isomorphism lead to homogenization of the organizations in the field over time.
Rejuvenative Medicine
Authors: Gilleard Chris , Higgs Paul 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRejuvenative or antiaging medicine is concerned with reversing the aging process through medical means. It is a form of aspirational medicine, promising more than it has delivered. In contrast to regenerative medicine it resides on the periphery of mainstream medicine. Even if viewed merely as a symptom of an increasingly somatic society, these promises add to the problematization of the body and the life course as sources of stable identity.
Queer Theology
Authors: Kalveks Tatiana 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQueer theology is an application of queer theory within the field of theology, with roots in liberation theology and its consequent contextual offshoots (such as feminist theologies and theologies of race). It is properly thought of as a critical methodology, seeking to subvert normative theologies, rather than posing any specific content itself, and is premised on the malleable construction of knowledge. Queer theology is limited by the problem of its own communication without reifying a normative mode of queer theology, and maintains a tension with other intersectional identity categories, such as race or class.
Sustainable Development
Authors: Tennberg Monica 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOriginally, sustainable development was a policy concept formulated to emphasize the importance of rational use of natural resources in meeting basic human needs and to foster environmentally responsible economic development. Today, the concept continues to be widely used in both policy development and international cooperation circles, where its scope now extends beyond environmental issues. Academic interest in sustainable development has evolved into “sustainability science” and studying the social dimensions of sustainable development continues to pose a theoretical and analytical challenge. This entry draws on a case study from the Arctic illustrating multiple dimensions of socially sustainable development.
Intertextuality
Authors: Aly Ramy M.K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntertextuality postulates that all texts are intrinsically entangled with other texts. Texts are a form of translinguistic semiotic practice and, in being permutations of other texts, are both destructive and constructive of language, genre, style, norms, and meaning. In this sense, they are bothproductiveandredistributiveof meaning while never being authoritative, bounded, or foreclosing interpretation by readers. Furthermore, texts always reflect the structures of dominance and marginality in society.
Marital Power/Resource Theory
Authors: Ko Chyong‐fang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn terms of decision‐making and the sharing of domestic chores, marital power is associated with relative spousal resources and is frequently mediated by gender role ideology. With increasing liberalization, women's resource advantages are gradually being transformed into power advantages. However, other factors, such as level of involvement, are at play – individuals with less involvement and emotional investment generally have greater control over decisions to remain in marital relationships.
P
oulantzas,
N
icos (1936–1979)
Authors: Bruff Ian 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Nicos Poulantzas occupies a distinctive position within the rich and diverse heritage of Marxism in the twentieth century. Caught in between earlier generations of western Marxism and later postmodern forms of social theory, he was a restless sociologist whose arguments evolved, sometimes markedly, across his work. For instance, the relative autonomy of the state from the capital–labor relation shifted from being a key structural characteristic of capitalist society in the late 1960s (in dialogue with Althusser) to meaning, by the late 1970s, that the state is a crucial terrain upon and through which social struggles play out (engaging with Foucault, and moving closer to Gramsci). Poulantzas's later work on authoritarian statism is presently of the greatest contemporary relevance, but his inevitably incomplete legacy is replete with potential which can be utilized and expanded upon in a range of new ways by present‐day scholars.
Atomically Thin 2D‐Arsenene by Liquid‐Phased Exfoliation: Toward Selective Vapor Sensing
Authors: Beladi‐Mousavi Seyyed Mohsen , Pourrahimi Amir Masoud , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhosphorene and antimonene, single‐ or few‐layered (FL) semiconductor materials, have recently attracted enormous attention due to their unique properties, provided by their extreme thinness. Here, a liquid‐phase exfoliation (LPE) procedure to prepare FL arsenene, another member of pnictogens, assisted by sonication and without any additional surfactant is reported. The exfoliation process is performed in various solvents. Among those, N‐methylpyrrolidone is found to provide the highest concentration of stable arsenene sheets. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses confirm the formation of high‐quality few‐layer arsenene nanosheets with large lateral dimensions. An application of this material for construction of vapor sensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is demonstrated. The device detects selectively methanol or acetone vapors depending on the selected resonance frequency. The results are highly reproducible, and the vapor sensor has long‐term stability.
Semisacrificial Template Growth of Self‐Supporting MOF Nanocomposite Electrode for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Cao Changsheng , Ma Dong‐Dong , Xu Qiang , Wu Xin‐Tao , Zhu Qi‐Long 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHerein, the authors report, for the first time, the semisacrificial template growth of a self‐supporting metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocomposite electrode composed of ultrasmall iron‐rich Fe(Ni)‐MOF cluster‐decorated ultrathin Ni‐rich Ni(Fe)‐MOF nanosheets from the NiFe alloy foam, in which the Fe(Ni)‐MOF clusters are uniform with a particle size of 2–5 nm, while the thickness of the Ni(Fe)‐MOF nanosheets is only about 1.56 nm. When directly used as a self‐supported working electrode for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), it can afford an impressive electrocatalytic performance with required overpotentials of 227 and 253 mV to achieve current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, much outperforming the benchmark of RuO2 and most state‐of‐the‐art noble‐metal‐free catalysts. Characterizations demonstrated that the combination of the unique nanostructure of the catalyst and the strong coupling effect between Ni and Fe active sites should be responsible for its excellent OER performance. Remarkably, when coupled with a Pt electrode in an overall water splitting system, they only needed 1.537 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The facile and economical methodology represents a new way to design and prepare high‐performance self‐supporting MOF electrocatalysts for highly efficient electrochemical processes.
Excellent Nanofiber Adhesion for Hybrid Polymer Materials with High Toughness Based on Matrix Interdiffusion During Chemical Conversion
Authors: Daelemans Lode , Van Paepegem Wim , D'hooge Dagmar R. , De Clerck Karen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOne of the challenges for multiphase materials is the improvement of the interconnectivity of their separate phases. A promising route toward excellent adhesion is molecular interdiffusion, in which molecules are transferred to enable physical interaction. In the present work, a novel straightforward and direct method is developed to tune the adhesion between electrospun nanofibers and their matrix, starting from fundamental insights on molecular diffusion and considering in situ chemical formation of one of the polymer phases to effectively regulate interdiffusion. Proof‐of‐concept is provided for the adhesion of a thermoplastic phase (poly(ε‐caprolactone)) to a thermoset matrix (epoxy) during the cured‐induced formation of the latter. For isothermal curing, only an intermediate temperature (50 °C) allows the production of nanofiber hybrid materials with good adhesion between the constituents and preservation of the nanomorphology. Moreover, excellent adhesion properties are obtained in case a two‐step curing (25 °C/80 °C), or coaxial electrospinning (polyamide 6/poly(ε‐caprolactone)) toward core–shell nanomorphologies is applied. Improvements in toughness of the optimized interdiffused materials with G values over 600 J m−2 (up to 65% improvement) are recorded due to excellent bonding of the thermoplastic nanofibers with the matrix.
Probing Energy Migration through Precise Control of Interfacial Energy Transfer in Nanostructure
Authors: Zhou Bo , Huang Jinshu , Yan Long , Liu Xuelong , Song Nan , Tao Lili , Zhang Qinyuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA novel mechanistic strategy for probing the energy migration through constructing the interfacial energy transfer (IET) in a core–shell–shell nanostructure is reported. In this design, the trilayer nanostructure is composed of a sensitizing core, a migratory interlayer, and a detective shell layer that interact with each other only by IET and the latter two shell layers are nonresponsive to the incident irradiation. This model is well applied in investigating the energy migration over the Tb, Gd, and Yb sublattices, and the results show that the Gd sublattice holds the best energy migratory performance. Moreover, the finding of energy migration over the Yb sublattice enables the 808 nm excited long‐lived upconversion of Tb3+ and Eu3+, which exhibits unique time‐gating performance for information security. The results provide a facile and powerful nanosized model for an in‐depth understanding of the fundamentals involving lanthanide interactions, which will further help excite new chances for the frontier applications of lanthanide‐based luminescent materials.
Proton Conductivity of Composite Polyelectrolyte Membranes with Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Escorihuela Jorge , Narducci Riccardo , Compañ Vicente , Costantino Ferdinando 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe study of proton conductivity processes has gained intensive attention in the past decades due to their potential applications in chemical sensors, electrochemical devices, and energy generation. The scientific community has focused its efforts on the development of high‐performing polymeric membranes as proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for fuel cell (FC) applications. In particular, high conductivity at different humidity and temperature and enhanced chemical and mechanical stability under operative conditions are considered the main goals to be reached. The design of mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) based on conductive polymers and inorganic fillers is an approach commonly used for achieving materials with improved conductive and mechanical properties. In the last five years, the use of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as fillers for conductive MMMs has rapidly grown for their intrinsic stability and structural versatility. The recent progress around the proton conductivity of MOF based composite membranes on PEMs for FC applications is critically reviewed.
The Role of Humidity in Tuning the Texture and Electrical Properties of Cu2O Thin Films Deposited via Aerosol‐Assisted CVD
Authors: Liu Hongjun , Nguyen Viet Huong , Roussel Hervé , Gélard Isabelle , Rapenne Laetitia , Deschanvres Jean‐Luc , Jiménez Carmen , Muñoz‐Rojas David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA study on the effect of carrier gas (CG) humidity on the texture and the resulting electronic properties of Cu2O thin films deposited using aerosol‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (AA‐CVD) at low temperatures (<365 °C) is reported. By increasing the CG humidity, the preferred orientation of the films can be tuned from [110] to [111]. By studying the initial stages of film deposition, a different growth mode is found for dry and humid conditions, which in turn directs the final texture of the films. The analysis of the electric properties of the films by Hall effect shows that carrier concentration remains in the order of 1015 cm−3 when using both dry and humid conditions. Converselly, Cu2O samples deposited with humid CG generally present a higher mobility, up to 17 cm2 V−1 s−1. [111]‐textured Cu2O films with high mobility were used to fabricate a diode by depositing a ZnO layer on top using atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP‐SALD). The diode shows an excellent rectifying behavior with a high asymmetry close to 104 between −1 and +1 V.
Environment‐Dependent Adhesion Energy of Mica Nanolayers Determined by a Nanomanipulation‐Based Bridging Method
Authors: Yu Bowen , Hou Lizhen , Wang Shiliang , Huang Han 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMica nanolayers have great potential for applications in the future flexible electronics due to their excellent flexibility and dielectric properties. Characterization of the adhesion behaviors of mica nanolayers is thus essential, as they would substantially affect the reliability of the electronic devices. In this work, a new delamination method is developed based on the optical microscopic nanomanipulation for measuring the adhesion energy of mica nanolayers. In particular, the tests are performed under different environmental conditions with relative humidity varying from 10% to 90% and temperature ranging from 25 to 300 °C. The average surface energy of mica nanolayers is 221.5 ± 25.4 mJ m−2 measured at the room temperature of 25 °C and decreases with the increase in relative humidity or temperature. The finding of the environmentally dependent adhesion is of importance for the design of flexible electronics products based on mica nanolayers.
Liquid‐Crystal High‐Frequency Microwave Technology: Materials and Characterization
Authors: Zografopoulos Dimitrios C. , Ferraro Antonio , Beccherelli Romeo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEver since the advent of microwave technology, tunable devices, such as phase shifters, resonators, and antennas, have been indispensable in applications requiring radiofrequency signal filtering, beam shaping, or steering. This necessity becomes even more relevant in view of a new era in high‐bandwidth wireless communications in 5G networks, satellite links, and advanced radars for sensing and safety. As the operating frequency is pushed toward the millimeter‐wave range or beyond, the performance of traditional microwave tunable elements, such as PIN diodes, micro‐electromechanical system switches, ferrites, or ferroelectric films, degrades, while their fabrication complexity and cost increases. In this respect, liquid crystals present a promising solution, as they provide continuous tuning, low dielectric constants, moderate losses, low dispersion, and potentially low cost. Here, a comprehensive overview of the available microwave liquid crystal materials is provided, including their key application‐relevant properties, and the techniques employed for their characterization, focusing on the spectrum above 1 GHz. Their performance metrics in terms of dielectric constant tunability, response speed, insertion losses are discussed and guidelines for their selection in different microwave applications are provided. Moreover, the differences observed in the experimental data regarding their characterization are highlighted and possible sources of the observed discrepancies are discussed.
A Concentrated Ternary‐Salts Electrolyte for High Reversible Li Metal Battery with Slight Excess Li
Authors: Qiu Feilong , Li Xiang , Deng Han , Wang Di , Mu Xiaowei , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLi metal can potentially deliver much higher specific capacity than commercially used anodes. Nevertheless, because of its poor reversibility, abundant excess Li (usually more than three times) is required in Li metal batteries, leading to higher costs and decreased energy density. Here, a concentrated lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI)–lithium nitrate (LiNO3)–lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) ternary‐salts electrolyte is introduced to realize a high stable Li metal full‐cell with only a slight excess of Li. LiNO3 and LiFSI contribute to the formation of stable Li2O–LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interface layers, and LiTFSI helps to stabilize the electrolyte under high concentration. Li metal in the electrolyte remains stable over 450 cycles and the average Coulombic efficiency reaches 99.1%. Moreover, with 0.5 × excess Li metal, the Coulombic efficiency of Li metal in the LiTFSI–LiNO3–LiFSI reaches 99.4%. The electrolyte also presents high stability to the LiFePO4 cathode, the capacity retention after 500 cycles is 92.0% and the Coulombic efficiency is 99.8%. A Li metal full‐cell with only 0.44 × excess Li is also assembled, it remains stable over 70 cycles and 83% of the initial capacity is maintained after 100 cycles.
Synchrotron X‐ray imaging of a dichasium cupule of Castanopsis from Eocene Baltic amber
Authors: Sadowski Eva‐Maria , Hammel Jörg U. , Denk Thomas 
Published: December 2018

Premise of the StudyThe Eocene Baltic amber deposit represents the largest accumulation of fossil resin worldwide, and hundreds of thousands of entrapped arthropods have been recovered. Although Baltic amber preserves delicate plant structures in high fidelity, angiosperms of the “Baltic amber forest” remain poorly studied. We describe a pistillate partial inflorescence of Castanopsis (Fagaceae), expanding the knowledge of Fagaceae diversity from Baltic amber.MethodsThe amber specimen was investigated using light microscopy and synchrotron‐radiation‐based X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (SRμCT).Key ResultsThe partial inflorescence is a cymule, consisting of an involucre of scales that surround all four pistillate flowers, indicating a dichasium cupule. Subtending bracts are basally covered with peltate trichomes. Flowers possess an urecolate perianth of six nearly free lobes, 12 staminodia hidden by the perianth, and a tri‐locular ovary that is convex‐triangular in cross section. The exceptional three‐dimensional preservation suggests that the fossil belongs to the extant East Asian genus Castanopsis. The amber inclusion represents the first record of Castanopsis from Baltic amber and the first pistillate inflorescence of Fagaceae from Eurasia.ConclusionsThe partial female inflorescence reported here provides an important addition to acorns of Castanopsis described from middle Eocene strata of Europe. Furthermore, the intercontinental distribution of Castanopsis in the Eocene is confirmed. The amber fossil also broadens the picture of the Baltic amber source area, indicating oligotrophic, sandy, bog‐like habitats. Finally, this study underscores the great benefit of SRμCT as a powerful tool to investigate plant inclusions from amber in a nondestructive way.