bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key roles of two-component systems in intestinal signal sensing and virulence regulation in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
Authors: Sun Hongmin , Huang Di , Pang Yu , Chen Jingnan , Kang Chenbo , Zhao Mengjie , Yang Bin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a foodborne pathogen that infects humans by colonizing the large intestine. Upon reaching the large intestine, EHEC mediates local signal recognition and the transcriptional regulation of virulence genes to promote adherence and colonization in a highly site-specific manner. Two-component systems (TCSs) represent an important strategy used by EHEC to couple external stimuli with the regulation of gene expression, thereby allowing EHEC to rapidly adapt to changing environmental conditions. An increasing number of studies published in recent years have shown that EHEC senses a variety of host- and microbiota-derived signals present in the human intestinal tract and coordinates the expression of virulence genes via multiple TCS-mediated signal transduction pathways to initiate the disease-causing process. Here, we summarize how EHEC detects a wide range of intestinal signals and precisely regulates virulence gene expression through multiple signal transduction pathways during the initial stages of infection, with a particular emphasis on the key roles of TCSs. This review provides valuable insights into the importance of TCSs in EHEC pathogenesis, which has relevant implications for the development of antibacterial therapies against EHEC infection.
Diagnostic Power of Serum Creatinine/Cystatin C Ratio for Identifying Low MRI-Muscle Volume and Low Grip Strength: Data From 9 731 to 149 707 UK Biobank Older Adults
Authors: Kirk Ben , Kuo Chia-Ling , Liu Peiran , Xiang Meiruo , Zanker Jesse , Prokopidis Konstantinos , Sim Marc , Fortinsky Richard H , Kuchel George A , Duque Gustavo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Biomarkers for sarcopenia are lacking. We examined the diagnostic power of serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio for identifying low magnetic resonance imaging-muscle volume and low grip strength in a large observational study of UK Biobank older adults.

Methods
Serum creatinine and cystatin C were measured via immunoassays (Beckman Coulter AU5800 and Siemens Advia 1800, respectively) and grip strength by hydraulic hand dynamometer at baseline visit (2008–2010). magnetic resonance imaging-thigh fat-free muscle volume and DXA-derived appendicular lean mass were measured at imaging visit (2014–2018). Extreme outliers were removed, and covariates (demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors, as well as time elapsed between baseline-imaging visit) were adjusted for in statistical models.

Results
12 873 older adults (mean age: 63.5 ± 2.7 years, 44.2% women) were included for fat-free muscle volume and appendicular lean mass/body mass index; 149 707 older adults (mean age: 64.0 ± 2.9 years, 50.5% women) for grip strength. Despite significant associations (p &lt; .05), in fully adjusted models, creatinine to cystatin C showed poor to acceptable diagnostic power for identifying low fat-free muscle volume when using cutpoints of 20th percentile (area under the curve: 0.577 men; 0.622 women) and T scores of −2 (area under the curve: 0.596 men; 0.659 women) and −2.5 (area under the curve: 0.609 men; 0.722 women). In fully adjusted model, creatinine to cystatin C showed poor diagnostic power (area under the curves: &lt;0.70) for identifying low appendicular lean mass/body mass index or low grip strength, irrespective of the cutpoint used.

Conclusions
Creatinine to cystatin C may not be a suitable biomarker for identifying low muscle volume or low strength in older adults. This finding, drawn from a large sample size and the use of advanced medical imaging, marks an important contribution to the sarcopenia field.
Laser-Assisted Field Evaporation of Chromia with Deep Ultraviolet Laser Light
Authors: Jakob Severin , Fazi Andrea , Thuvander Mattias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, samples of chromia (Cr2O3) scale have been prepared for atom probe tomography and field evaporated with deep ultraviolet laser light (258 nm wavelength). The investigated range of laser energies spans more than three orders of magnitude between 0.03 and 90 pJ. Furthermore, the effects of detection rate and temperature were investigated. Simultaneous voltage and laser pulses were employed on additional needle specimens to reduce the standing voltage and minimize background noise during the measurement. Smooth evaporation with minimal mass spectrum peak tails was maintained over the whole range of measurement parameters. High laser energies result in significant underestimation of the oxygen content. Only laser energies below 1 pJ resulted in measured values near the expected oxygen content of 60 at%, the closest being about 58 at%.
VvFHY3 links auxin and endoplasmic reticulum stress to regulate grape anthocyanin biosynthesis at high temperatures
Authors: Sun Yanzhao , Zheng Yanyan , Wang Wenyuan , Yao Heng , Ali Zain , Xiao Mengwei , Ma Zhaodong , Li Jingjing , Zhou Wenfei , Cui Jing , Yu Kun , Liu Yang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anthocyanins affect quality in fruits such as grape (Vitis vinifera). High temperatures reduce anthocyanin levels by suppressing the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and decreasing the biosynthetic rate. However, the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate these 2 processes remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that high-temperature-mediated inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berries depends on the auxin and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. Inactivation of these pathways restores anthocyanin accumulation under high temperatures. We identified and characterized FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3), a high-temperature-modulated transcription factor that activates multiple anthocyanin biosynthesis genes by binding to their promoters. The auxin response factor VvARF3 interacts with VvFHY3 and represses its transactivation activity, antagonizing VvFHY3-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, we found that the ER stress sensor VvbZIP17 represses anthocyanin biosynthesis. VvFHY3 suppresses VvbZIP17 activity by directly binding to the VvbZIP17 promoter to repress its transcription and by physically interacting with VvbZIP17 to block its DNA binding ability. Furthermore, AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3 (ARF3) interferes with the VvFHY3–VvbZIP17 interaction, releasing VvbZIP17 to activate the unfolded protein response and further suppress anthocyanin production. Our results unravel the VvARF3–VvFHY3–VvbZIP17 regulatory module, which links the auxin and ER stress pathways to coordinately repress anthocyanin structural gene expression and biosynthesis under high-temperature stress.
Artificial intelligence, emotional labor, and the quest for sociological and political imagination among low-skilled workers
Authors: Oder Noah , Béland Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study examines how generative AI impacts low-skilled workers in their daily professional lives, how it changes the nature of their work, and what, if any, strategies they develop to cope with this new reality. Emphasis is placed on call center agents—an occupational group facing a particularly high automation risk. Drawing on Constructivist Grounded Theory and semistructured interviews in an Austrian call center, we uncover how flawed generative AI tools have increased emotional labor among these workers. This increase is hypothesized to result in agents’ inability to embed their own problems in the larger social context of generative AI’s impact on the labor market, let alone to politicize these problems. They were thus said to lack sociological and political imagination. Our study is the first to link emotional labor with these forms of imagination among low-skilled workers, offering new analytical tools for future research on generative AI’s nuanced effects on the labor market. To empower low-skilled workers, foster their imaginations and address their concerns, we propose several policy recommendations, including targeted education campaigns, enhanced social dialogue, co-determination rights, and tailored upskilling programs. This study thus offers a valuable contribution to scientific research while providing practical implications for policymakers.
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediated fibroblast activation has a role in tumor microenvironment formation in radiation carcinogenesis
Authors: Shimura Tsutomu , Ushiyama Akira 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cancer risks attributable to low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation are a serious concern for public health. Radiation risk assessment is based on lifespan studies among Hiroshima–Nagasaki A-bomb survivors; however, there are statistical limitations due to a small sample size for low-dose radiation. Therefore, basic biological studies are helpful in understanding the mechanism of radiation carcinogenesis. The detrimental effects of ionising radiation (IR) are caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative DNA damage. IR-induced delayed ROS are produced in the electron transport chain reaction of the mitochondrial complex. Thus, mitochondria are a source of ROS and a primary target for ROS attacks. Consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be a key event in the metabolic changes of cancer cells and is important in radiation-induced carcinogenesis. In this paper, we present recent findings on radiation carcinogenesis effect assessment, focusing on mitochondrial function as stress sensors.
A new tool for estimation of the in vivo distribution of intake radionuclides
Authors: Wang Jinghang , Lin Xin , Chen Bo , Zhuo Weihai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study developed a more universal tool for estimating the in vivo distribution of intake radionuclides. The biokinetic models and transfer rates for intake radionuclides were cited from the publications of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and the models were transformed into a series of linear differential equations and numerically solved using the Scipy algorithm in Python. The user interfaces for model selection, data input and in vivo distribution calculations were designed using PyQt5. The calculation results of the new tool are completely consistent with those of the data viewer released by the ICRP and are also very similar to other reported values. The new tool allows users to select and change the biokinetic models and transfer rates and display the in vivo distribution of radionuclides in an image format. It is much more user friendly.
Possible existence of dose-rate threshold for mutation induction by chronic low-dose-rate gamma-rays
Authors: Nagashima Haruki , Komatsu Kenshi , Tauchi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To assess the biological effects of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation, we established a sensitive assay system for detecting somatic mutations in hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) gene. In this study, we investigated the dose-rate effects of mutagenesis by gamma irradiation at dose-rates of 6.6, 20 and 200 mGy d−1. We identified a potential inflection point in the gamma-induced mutant frequency, which ranged between 6.6 and 20 mGy d−1. In addition, the mutant spectrum was not different from that of the non-irradiated control at all dose-rates. Compared with previous studies with low-concentration HTO exposure, mutant frequencies were similar, but mutant spectrum showed different trends, especially at high-dose-rates (200 mGy d−1). These observations indicate the presence of potential mechanistic differences in mutagenic events between tritium beta and gamma-rays.
Enhancing time-resolution for radon measurements using airflow-through scintillation cells based on a compartmental model approach
Authors: Zhao Chao , Han Gang , Hu Chongqing , Chen Yanliang , Liu Jiayu , Tang Fangdong , He Linfeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To overcome the time-resolution limitation inherent in the airflow-through scintillation cell method for radon measurement, this study introduces a compartmental model elucidating the behaviors of radon and its progeny within such cells. The computed results of the normalized equilibrium functions derived from the compartmental model, provide quantitative insights into the equilibrium progression of 222Rn and its progeny over time, substantiating the identified time-resolution limitation of 2–3 hours. Laboratory experiments confirm the efficacy of the proposed correction algorithm, showcasing its ability to surmount the time-resolution limitation and achieve a rapid response in radon measurement using airflow-through scintillation cells.
Effects of low-dose rate radiation on immune and epigenetic regulation of the mouse testes
Authors: Uemura Ippei , Takahashi-Suzuki Natsuko , Kuroda Saki , Kumagai Kaede , Tsutsumi Yuki , Anderson Donovan , Satoh Takashi , Yamashiro Hideaki , Miura Tomisato , Yamauchi Kazumi , Nakata Akifumi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of chronic low-dose-rate radiation exposure on gene expression related to immunological defense mechanisms and epigenetic regulation in the testis of male mice. The study found that radiation exposure (4.5 mGy/hr until 4000 mGy) led to a significant decrease in the expression of genes involved in epigenetic regulation and a significant increase in the expression of several genes linked to innate and acquired immunity, suggesting a noticeable effect on the immune response. In addition, there was a significant increase in the expression of SRY-box transcription factor 9, which plays a crucial role in testicular development, indicating a response to irradiation. These findings provide insights into the biological effects of chronic low-dose-rate radiation exposure on innate immunity and epigenetic regulation in the testis.
Spectroscopic analysis of alpha particles from radioactive nuclides with CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors
Authors: Kodaira Satoshi , Janik Miroslaw 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A spectroscopy method of alpha particles with the track geometry parameters in CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors is proposed. The relationship between the track registration sensitivity and incident angle of each etch pit is analyzed. The components of alpha particles emitted from radon, thoron and 241Am can be roughly separated when the etching level is not exceeded beyond the range in CR-39. This work aims at improving the dose assessment accuracy from exposure to indoor radon and thoron.
Risks associated with evacuation and disaster-related death after a radiation disaster: summary of research results from Hamadori region, Fukushima
Authors: Zhao Tianchen , Tsubokura Masaharu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Radiation disasters can lead to a myriad of direct and indirect health effects. The term ‘disaster-related deaths’ is commonly used in Japan; however, comprehensive studies in regions severely impacted by nuclear accidents are scarce. Our research primarily focuses on Minamisoma City, situated north of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), and aimed to study the risks associated with evacuation and disaster-related death. We introduce the following studies: (1) risks from evacuation in elderly care facilities after the FDNPP accident; (2) detailed case reports on hospital evacuation and (3) detailed reports on disaster-related deaths. A critical lesson from the FDNPP accident is the significant risk to life posed by evacuation actions taken to avoid radiation exposure. Despite evacuation being an effective measure to reduce exposure, our preparation and knowledge are insufficient for safe execution. This paper ensures that the lessons from Fukushima are leveraged in future radiation protection measures.
Effect of calcium application on rice ears for suppressing cesium transfer from roots to brown rice
Authors: Kihana Masashi , Yamagami Mutsumi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Researchers have stressed that crops may absorb radioactive cesium (Cs) in the soil and translocate it to its edible parts. Therefore, a method was developed to suppress Cs absorption through high K fertilisation. However, this method is less effective for rice plants after ear emergence, thus demanding the application of a suppression method at this stage. In this study, we test whether immersion of ears in a Ca solution during its ripening period could suppress the translocation of Cs from roots to brown rice. The results show that the translocation of Cs absorbed from the hydroponic solution to brown rice is reduced based on the Ca concentration applied to the ears. In addition, differences in the inhibition of translocation were observed among the different Ca salts. In addition, the effect of immersion of ears in Ca solution on Cs translocation was effective at lower concentrations than that effective for K.
Should the current radiation protection paradigm and its recommendations be modified to make them more fit to protect the public in future nuclear emergencies?
Authors: Mc Laughlin James 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present radiation protection paradigm and its associated recommendations as developed by bodies such as the ICRP have performed very well over past decades both for those occupationally exposed to radiation and for the public in planned exposures. There is, however, growing evidence that the role played by this paradigm in the decision-making process to protect the public in nuclear emergencies in the past may have, unwittingly and unintentionally, caused more harm than good to some sections of the public. This seems to have been the case in the use of population evacuation as the principal protection response to the Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011) accidents. There is thus a need to develop improved guidelines or tools on how to apply radiation protection recommendations for the public compatible with the Principle of Justification in the event of any future major radiation emergencies. It can also be argued that the present radiation protection paradigm, with its emphasis primarily on the physical health detriments from radiation, should be more inclusive and needs to shift to a more holistic or total health approach than heretofore to include mental health effects associated with nuclear emergencies. For severe mental health effects, some of the consequences, such as suicide, can even be as or more severe than most physical detriments likely to be suffered by those affected.
Does environmental enrichment mitigate the adverse effects of chronic low dose-rate radiation exposure on mice?
Authors: Takai Daisaku 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine whether environmental enrichments (EE) can mitigate the adverse effects of chronic low-dose-rate radiation exposure in mice. Female B6C3F1 mice were continuously exposed to 20 mGy d−1 gamma-rays under specific-pathogen-free conditions since 8 weeks of age for 400 d. After completion of the radiation exposure, OV3121 cells, derived from an ovarian granulosa cell tumor, were inoculated subcutaneously alongside age-matched non-irradiated control mice. Irradiated mice were shown to have a significantly reduced ability to eliminate inoculated tumors. The results indicate that EE may be able to mitigate the adverse effects of low-dose-rate radiation exposure, but the effects vary greatly and are complex depending on the type of EE.
Statistical-based modeling strategy for entrance skin dose estimation in patient undergoing body interventional radiology
Authors: Inwong Varaporn Pong , Buranurak Siritorn , Ahooja Anucha , Wongwiwatchai Jitraporn , Chaleeon Utit , Pariyashartgesorn Sirinart , Mitrayon Leeda , Dachviriyakij Tanapol 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Interventional radiology (IR) provides significant advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, yet concerns persist regarding radiological risks such as erythema, burns, and epilation. Direct dose measurements observed difficulties regarding the perturbation of the detector probe in X-ray images during fluoroscopy-guided procedures, high-cost expenses, and non-compliant patients. This study aims to develop a statistical-based model for estimating entrance skin dose (ESD) in body IR procedures using patient radiation-dose recording data. Models are categorized into vascular and non-vascular procedures. This study demonstrates that the simplified models are sufficient in estimating patient ESDs for both IR groups, with a 95% confidence interval. This user-friendly method enables radiologists to calculate doses without complex parameters such as the backscatter factor and mass-energy absorption coefficient, as required in conventional calculation methods. It not only does this support to radiologists in effectively refining treatment protocols, but also enables patients to monitor their received doses immediately after treatment ends.
Establishment of acquired radioresistant cells to fractionated radiation from hTERT-immortalized normal human epithelial cell
Authors: Suzuki Masatoshi , Isobe Rio , Sato Taku , Ishikawa Ryoya , Suzuki Keiji , Kino Yasushi , Miura Tomisato , Inaba Yohei , Chida Koichi , Fukumoto Manabu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Senescence-like growth arrest (SLGA), which is a radiation-induced cell death pathway, is induced in immortalized normal human epithelial cell (hTERT-RPE1) by the daily fractionated X-irradiation with 1.5 Gy within 30 times. We here demonstrate that pre-treatment induces acquired radioresistance (ARR) that can survive from the lethal fractionated radiation. The parent cells were daily fractionated with 1.5 Gy for 5 d and then incubated for 7 d without fractionated radiation. After this, the daily fractionated radiation with 1.5 Gy was restarted. A small population of surviving cells appeared after 30 times of the daily fractionated radiation was completed and they were continuously growing up to 120 times of the daily fractionated radiation (RPE1–1.5Fr). We confirmed a higher basal expression level of p53, which functions in the activation of the SLGA pathway but fails to further accumulate after 1.5 Gy of single irradiation in RPE1–1.5Fr. It is the first report to induce ARR phenotype for fractionated radiation in normal human cells.
Evaluation of combustion system for organically bound tritium analysis using dried fish samples
Authors: Kuwata Haruka , Yamada Ryohei , Kheamsiri Khemruthai , Kakiuchi Hideki , Tamari Toshiya , Shima Nagayoshi , Akata Naofumi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The combustion process of the organically bound tritium (OBT) analysis method is difficult and requires sophisticated techniques. For ease, safety, and reproducibility a semi-automatic combustion system was developed. An arbitrary combustion program that prevents sudden ignition was devised and combustion tests were conducted. Analytical test runs were conducted using fish standard samples to confirm the validity of the developed system. The test values were compared with values obtained with another analysis method, and the recovery rate of the combustion water was evaluated. The results confirmed that the analytical values obtained with this combustion system were equivalent to those obtained with another analytical method and were valid for OBT analysis.