bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attachment state of mind and childhood experiences of maltreatment as predictors of sensitive care from infancy through middle childhood: Results from a longitudinal study of parents involved with Child Protective Services
Authors: Zajac Lindsay , Raby K. Lee , Dozier Mary 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe current longitudinal study examined whether attachment states of mind and childhood maltreatment predict sensitive caregiving during infancy, early childhood, and middle childhood among a sample of 178 parents who were involved with Child Protective Services. Nearly all the parents had themselves experienced childhood maltreatment based on their reports on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire—Short Form (Bernstein et al., 2003) when their children were infants. Adult Attachment Interviews (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985) were administered to parents when their children were infants (M = 10.92 months, SD = 8.66). Parental sensitivity was rated based on observations of parent–child interactions at three time points: infancy, early childhood, and middle childhood. During infancy, dismissing states of mind of parents predicted marginally lower sensitivity scores than autonomous states of mind. In early and middle childhood, dismissing states of mind of parents predicted significantly lower sensitivity ratings than autonomous states of mind. Unresolved states of mind of parents predicted significantly lower sensitivity scores than autonomous states of mind only during early childhood. Childhood maltreatment was not significantly associated with parents’ sensitivity ratings at all three time points. Findings suggest that among parents with Child Protective Services involvement, most of whom had themselves experienced maltreatment, parents’ unresolved states of mind predict insensitive caregiving in early childhood, and parents’ dismissing states of mind predict insensitive caregiving from infancy through middle childhood.
Three phases of courts’ publicity: reconfiguring Bentham's open justice in the twenty-first century
Authors: Johnston Jane 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe paper examines the changing nature of publicity in the courts, tracing three distinct but interconnected phases of publicity using Jeremy Bentham's theory of open justice and publicity as a framework. The first phase is press coverage, with the news media chronicling the justice system for the general population, most recently including televised court proceedings. The second is the appointment of Courts Information Officers, occurring as early as the 1930s and growing in impact since the 1990s, established to facilitate the relationship between courts and the news media. The third and final phase is the Internet, including social media, resulting in changes to news media models and driving contemporary practices of court-generated media. The paper concludes that, while media and communication practices have changed radically since the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the concept of publicity has shifted, Bentham's approach to open justice remains salient for twenty-first-century courts’ communication.
FromJudge JudytoJudge RinderandJudge Geordie: humour, emotion and ‘televisual legal consciousness’
Authors: Wood Helen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper attempts to counter legal studies’ common reading of court TV shows by starting with an understanding of themastelevision, rather comparing them to ‘real courts’. It analyses two recent examples of British court TV shows –Judge Rinder(ITV, 2014–) andJudge Geordie(MTV, 2015) – to draw out how the text'sformestablishes particular kinds of ‘televisual legal consciousness’.Judge Rinder’s daytime address and his camped authority allow a frame in which humour can disarm conflict and reveal wider political injustice.Judge Geordie’s irreverent upturning of the judged into judge draws upon the registers of youth reality television to privilege affect and emotion. In staging some of the tensions between law's masculine rationality and popular culture's feminine emotionality, these shows enact their interdependence. Such an analysis that includes attention to form, address and genre allows us a deeper exploration of the relationship between television, law and the everyday.
DOHaD in science and society: emergent opportunities and novel responsibilities
Authors: Penkler M. , Hanson M. , Biesma R. , Müller R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) has grown considerably in recent decades and is receiving increasing recognition from health policymakers. Today, DOHaD research aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on health and disease that traces how different life experiences shape health and disease risks over the entire life course. This integrative perspective opens up distinct possibilities for improving health. At the same time, it raises questions regarding the specific social responsibilities of DOHaD as a field and about possible pathways to a socially just and scientifically robust implementation of DOHaD knowledge in society. In this article, we review the history and key characteristics of DOHaD as a field of scientific knowledge production. We argue that based on its key assumptions – that life circumstances, health and disease are closely linked on a molecular scale – DOHaD is an inherently political research field. When tracing how life environments affect health and disease, it is of utmost social and political importance to specify how DOHaD understands and frames these life environments, which aspects of life worlds are included and which excluded, and how research results are interpreted and translated into health recommendations at individual, societal and policy levels. We suggest a number of ways by which the DOHaD community can constructively and responsibly meet the demands that these inherent characteristics place on knowledge production and dissemination in the field.
Multichannel vectorial holographic display and encryption
Authors: Zhao Ruizhe , Sain Basudeb , Wei Qunshuo , Tang Chengchun , Li Xiaowei , Weiss Thomas , Huang Lingling , Wang Yongtian , Zentgraf Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSince its invention, holography has emerged as a powerful tool to fully reconstruct the wavefronts of light including all the fundamental properties (amplitude, phase, polarization, wave vector, and frequency). For exploring the full capability for information storage/display and enhancing the encryption security of metasurface holograms, smart multiplexing techniques together with suitable metasurface designs are highly demanded. Here, we integrate multiple polarization manipulation channels for various spatial phase profiles into a single birefringent vectorial hologram by completely avoiding unwanted cross-talk. Multiple independent target phase profiles with quantified phase relations that can process significantly different information in different polarization states are realized within a single metasurface. For our metasurface holograms, we demonstrate high fidelity, large efficiency, broadband operation, and a total of twelve polarization channels. Such multichannel polarization multiplexing can be used for dynamic vectorial holographic display and can provide triple protection for optical security. The concept is appealing for applications of arbitrary spin to angular momentum conversion and various phase modulation/beam shaping elements.
Magnetic seizure therapy reduces suicidal ideation and produces neuroplasticity in treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Sun Yinming , Blumberger Daniel M. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Rajji Tarek K. , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Barr Mera S. , Downar Jonathan , Wong Willy , Farzan Faranak , Daskalakis Zafiris J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTherapeutic seizures may work for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) by producing neuroplasticity. We evaluated whether magnetic seizure therapy (MST) produces changes in suicidal ideation and neuroplasticity as indexed through transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Twenty-three patients with TRD were treated with MST. Changes in suicidal ideation was assessed through the Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI). Before and after the treatment course, neuroplasticity in excitatory and inhibitory circuits was assessed with TMS-EEG measures of cortical-evoked activity (CEA) and long-interval cortical inhibition (LICI) from the left DLPFC, and the left motor cortex as a control condition. As in our previous report, the relationship between TMS-EEG measures and suicidal ideation was examined with the SSI. Results show that 44.4% of patients experienced resolution of suicidal ideation. Based on DLPFC assessment, MST produced significant CEA increase over the frontal central electrodes (cluster p < 0.05), but did not change LICI on a group level. MST also reduced the SSI scores (p < 0.005) and the amount of reduction correlated with the decrease in LICI over the right frontal central electrodes (cluster p < 0.05; rho = 0.73 for Cz). LICI change identified patients who were resolved of suicidal ideation with 90% sensitivity and 88% specificity (AUC = 0.9, p = 0.004). There was no significant finding with motor cortex assessment. Overall, MST produced significant rates of resolution of suicidal ideation. MST also produced neuroplasticity in the frontal cortex, likely through long-term potentiation (LTP)-like mechanisms. The largest reduction in suicidal ideation was demonstrated in patients showing concomitant decreases in cortical inhibition—a mechanism linked to enhanced LTP-like plasticity. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms through which patients experience resolution of suicidal ideation following seizure treatments in depression.
Transcriptomic profiling of tantalum metal implant osseointegration in osteopenic patients
Authors: Hefni E. K. , Bencharit S. , Kim S. J. , Byrd K. M. , Moreli T. , Nociti F. H. , Offenbacher S. , Barros S. P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe long-term success of dental implants is established by literature. Although clinically well defined, the complex genetic pathways underlying osseointegration have not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis are considered to present as higher risk for implant failure. Porous tantalum trabecular metal (PTTM), an open-cell porous biomaterial, is suggested to present enhanced biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the expression patterns of a panel of genes closely associated with osteogenesis and wound healing in osteopenic patients receiving either traditional titanium (Ti) or PTTM cylinders to assess the pathway of genes activation in the early phases of osseointegration.Material and methodsImplant cylinders made of Ti and PTTM were placed in osteopenic volunteers. At 2- and 4 weeks of healing, one Ti and one PTTM cylinder were removed from each subject for RT-PCR analysis using osteogenesis PCR array.ResultsCompared to Ti, PTTM-associated bone displayed upregulation of bone matrix proteins, BMP/TGF tisuperfamily, soluble ligand and integrin receptors, growth factors, and collagen genes at one or both time points. Histologically, PTTM implants displayed more robust osteogenesis deposition and maturity when compared to Ti implants from the same patient.ConclusionsOur results indicate that PTTM properties could induce an earlier activation of genes associated with osteogenesis in osteopenic patients suggesting that PTTM implants may attenuate the relative risk of placing dental implants in this population.
The phase separation underlying the pyrenoid-based microalgal Rubisco supercharger
Authors: Wunder Tobias , Cheng Steven Le Hung , Lai Soak-Kuan , Li Hoi-Yeung , Mueller-Cajar Oliver 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe slow and promiscuous properties of the CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco constrain photosynthetic efficiency and have prompted the evolution of powerful CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). In eukaryotic microalgae a key strategy involves sequestration of the enzyme in the pyrenoid, a liquid non-membranous compartment of the chloroplast stroma. Here we show using pure components that two proteins, Rubisco and the linker protein Essential Pyrenoid Component 1 (EPYC1), are both necessary and sufficient to phase separate and form liquid droplets. The phase-separated Rubisco is functional. Droplet composition is dynamic and components rapidly exchange with the bulk solution. Heterologous and chimeric Rubiscos exhibit variability in their tendency to demix with EPYC1. The ability to dissect aspects of pyrenoid biochemistry in vitro will permit us to inform and guide synthetic biology ambitions aiming to engineer microalgal CCMs into crop plants.
Renewable energy-powered membrane technology in Tanzanian communities
Authors: Schäfer Andrea I. , Shen Junjie , Richards Bryce S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDissolved contaminants such as ions or organic matter require advanced technology for effective removal. Technologies such as membrane processes are to date absent in remote areas of developing countries, in part due to the absence of a reliable electricity grid to power such technologies, but also due to the large distances to be served in remote areas. By directly coupling a nanofiltration system with solar energy, the energy provision and storage obstacle can be resolved. Here, two very challenging natural waters were treated to drinking water standard without requiring permanent infrastructure: both water samples had very high concentrations of fluoride (50–60 mg/L), while one of them also had a high total organic carbon content (255 mg/L). In both cases the WHO guideline value of 1.5 mg/L for fluoride was achieved with the chosen membrane. The solar irradiance provided an unsteady power source, which did not impact on water quality in a significant manner. Given the somewhat extreme characteristics of the source waters, making such waters potable effectively increased the available water quantity. The technical feasibility of such a solar-powered ultrafiltration and nanofiltration hybrid system was demonstrated in terms of produced drinking water quantity (1200 L per solar day), water quality and specific energy consumption. While such state-of-the-art technology offers great potential towards the provision of clean water in rural areas, the remaining obstacles for effective implementation of such technologies are predominantly non-technical.
Modelling size constraints on carbonate platform formation in groundwater upwelling zones
Authors: Keppel Mark N. , Post Vincent E. A. , Love Andrew J. , Werner Adrian D. , Clarke Jonathan D. A. , Halihan Todd 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarbonate depositional systems related to groundwater upwelling are ubiquitous around the world and form ecologically and culturally important features of many landscapes. Spring carbonate deposits record past climatic and hydrological conditions. The reconstruction of past processes using spring carbonate proxies requires fundamental understanding of the factors that control their geometry. In this work, we show that the spatial extent of spring carbonate platforms is amenable to quantitative prediction by simulating the early growth stage of their formation for the iconic mound springs in the central Australian outback. We exploit their well-defined, circular geometry to demonstrate the existence of two size-limiting regimes: one controlled by the spring flow rate and the other by the concentration of lattice ions. Deviations between modelled and observed size metrics are attributable to diminishing spring flow rates since formation, enabling assessment of the relative vulnerability of springs to further hydrological change.
Glutamatergic and dopaminergic modulation of cortico-striatal circuits probed by dynamic calcium imaging of networks reconstructed in microfluidic chips
Authors: Lassus Benjamin , Naudé Jérémie , Faure Philippe , Guedin Denis , Von Boxberg Ysander , Mannoury la Cour Clotilde , Millan Mark J. , Peyrin Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia are functionally interconnected by parallel loops, cellular substrates underlying their interaction remain poorly understood. One novel approach for addressing this issue is microfluidics, a methodology which recapitulates several intrinsic and synaptic properties of cortico-subcortical networks. We developed a microfluidic device where cortical neurons projected onto striatal neurons in a separate compartment. We exploited real-time (low-resolution/high-output) calcium imaging to register network dynamics and characterize the response to glutamatergic and dopaminergic agents. Reconstructed cortico-striatal networks revealed the progressive appearance of cortical VGLUT1 clusters on striatal dendrites, correlating with the emergence of spontaneous and synchronous glutamatergic responses of striatal neurons to concurrent cortical stimulation. Striatal exposure to the NMDA receptor GluN2A subunit antagonist TCN201 did not affect network rhythm, whereas the GluN2B subunit antagonist RO256981 significantly decreased striatal activity. Dopamine application or the D2/D3 receptor agonist, quinpirole, decreased cortico-striatal synchrony whereas the D1 receptor agonist, SKF38393, was ineffective. These data show that cortico-striatal networks reconstructed in a microfluidic environment are synchronized and present characteristics close to those of their in situ counterparts. They should prove instructive for deciphering the molecular substrates of CNS disorders and evaluating the actions of novel therapeutic agents.
Divergent responses to warming of two common co-occurring Mediterranean bryozoans
Authors: Pagès-Escolà Marta , Hereu Bernat , Garrabou Joaquim , Montero-Serra Ignasi , Gori Andrea , Gómez-Gras Daniel , Figuerola Blanca , Linares Cristina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractClimate change threatens the structure and function of marine ecosystems, highlighting the importance of understanding the response of species to changing environmental conditions. However, thermal tolerance determining the vulnerability to warming of many abundant marine species is still poorly understood. In this study, we quantified in the field the effects of a temperature anomaly recorded in the Mediterranean Sea during the summer of 2015 on populations of two common sympatric bryozoans,Myriapora truncataandPentapora fascialis. Then, we experimentally assessed their thermal tolerances in aquaria as well as different sublethal responses to warming. Differences between species were found in survival patterns in natural populations,P.fascialisshowing significantly lower survival rates thanM.truncata. The thermotolerance experiments supported field observations:P.fascialisstarted to show signs of necrosis when the temperature was raised to 25–26 °C and completely died between 28–29 °C, coinciding with the temperature when we observed first signs of necrosis inM.truncata. The results from this study reflect different responses to warming between these two co-occurring species, highlighting the importance of combining multiple approaches to assess the vulnerability of benthic species in a changing climate world.
Observation of slowly decaying eigenmodes without exceptional points in Floquet dissipative synthetic circuits
Authors: León-Montiel Roberto de J. , Quiroz-Juárez Mario A. , Domínguez-Juárez Jorge L. , Quintero-Torres Rafael , Aragón José L. , Harter Andrew K. , Joglekar Yogesh N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstrctPassive parity-time symmetry breaking transitions, where long-lived eigenmodes emerge in a locally dissipative system, have been extensively studied in recent years. Conventional wisdom says that they occur at exceptional points. Here we report the observation of multiple transitions showing the emergence of slowly decaying eigenmodes in a dissipative, Floquet electronic system with synthetic components. Remarkably, in our system, the modes emerge without exceptional points. Our setup uses an electrical oscillator inductively coupled to a dissipative oscillator, where the time-periodic inductive coupling and resistive-heating losses are independently controlled. With a Floquet dissipation, slowly-decaying eigenmodes emerge at vanishingly small dissipation strength in the weak coupling limit. With a moderate Floquet coupling, multiple instances of their emergence and disappearance are observed. With an asymmetric dimer model, we show that these transitions, driven by avoided-level-crossing in purely dissipative systems, are generically present in static and Floquet domains.
Experimental test of the relation between coherence and path information
Authors: Gao Jun , Jiao Zhi-Qiang , Hu Cheng-Qiu , Qiao Lu-Feng , Ren Ruo-Jing , Tang Hao , Ma Zhi-Hao , Fei Shao-Ming , Vedral Vlatko , Jin Xian-Min 
Published: November 2018

AbstractQuantum coherence stemming from the superposition behaviour of a particle beyond the classical realm, serves as one of the most fundamental features in quantum mechanics. The wave-particle duality phenomenon, which shares the same origin, has a strong relationship with quantum coherence. Recently, an elegant relation between quantum coherence and path information has been theoretically derived. Here, we experimentally test such new duality by l1-norm measure and the minimum-error state discrimination. We prepare three classes of two-photon states encoded in polarisation degree of freedom, with one photon serving as the target and the other photon as the detector. We observe that wave-particle-like complementarity and Bagan’s equality, defined by the duality relation between coherence and path information, is well satisfied. Our results may shed new light on the original nature of wave-particle duality and on the applications of quantum coherence as a fundamental resource in quantum technologies.
Role of environment and gas temperature in the formation of multiple protostellar systems: molecular tracers
Authors: Murillo N. M. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Tobin J. J. , Mottram J. C. , Karska A. 
Published: November 2018

Context. Simulations suggest that gas heating due to radiative feedback is a key factor in whether or not multiple protostellar systems will form. Chemistry is a good tracer of the physical structure of a protostellar system, since it depends on the temperature structure.
Aims. We aim to study the relationship between envelope gas temperature and protostellar multiplicity.
Methods. Single dish observations of various molecules that trace the cold, warm, and UV-irradiated gas were used to probe the temperature structure of multiple and single protostellar systems on 7000 AU scales.
Results. Single, close binary, and wide multiples present similar current envelope gas temperatures, as estimated from H2CO and DCO+ line ratios. The temperature of the outflow cavity, traced by c-C3H2, on the other hand, shows a relation with bolometric luminosity and an anticorrelation with envelope mass. Although the envelope gas temperatures are similar for all objects surveyed, wide multiples tend to exhibit a more massive reservoir of cold gas compared to close binary and single protostars.
Conclusions. Although the sample of protostellar systems is small, the results suggest that gas temperature may not have a strong impact on fragmentation. We propose that mass, and density, may instead be key factors in fragmentation.