bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of fermentation process on physical and chemical characteristics of pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhiuzus [F.A.C. Weber] Britton & Rose) stem flour
Authors: Soedjatmiko H , Chrisnasari R , Hardjo P H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Research interest on fiber has increased rapidly in the last decade due to its complexity and functional properties towards the human body. In this research group, pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhiuzus [F.A.C. Weber] Britton & Rose) stem flour is a promising candidate as new food resources since it contains a high amount of fiber and vitamin C as well as demonstrates both antioxidant and antibacterial activities. However, this pitaya stem flour has very low solubility in water that makes its application in food product very limited. In this study, pitaya stem flour has been fermented by Trichoderma reesei in a variation of inoculum concentration (3 % and 5 %) and fermentation time (24 to 60 h). The fermentation processes reduce the ash and water content of the flour, increase the soluble fiber content as well as its solubility. During the fermentation, the colour of the flour has changed. It becomes brighter and brownish. The best fermentation condition marked by its highest soluble fiber content is achieved by 3 % (w/v) of T. reesei inoculum with 60 h incubation time.
Antibacterial activity roll on deodorant with Pluchea indica (L.) leaf extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis (Evans 1916 ) in vitro
Authors: Komala O , Wiendarlina I Y , Rizqiyana N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Pluchea indica L. is a medicinal plant that is often used to eliminate body odor. This research aims to test effectiveness roll on deodorant as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus epidermidis (Evans, 1916) and it’s stability test. Antibacterial activity test used dilution method. Phytochemical analysis were carried out qualitatively. Roll on deodorant test for four types stored at 28 °C to 30 °C for 8 wk includes observation of the color, odour and homogeneity, irritation test, pH test, viscosity and specific gravity. The results showed P. indica leaf extract’s roll on deodorant have antibacterial effect against S. epidermidis. P. indica leaf extract have compounds consisting of flavonoids, saponins, tannin and alkaloids. Roll on deodorant stored on 28 °C to 30 °C for 8 wk showed stable for color, odour and homogeneity. Deodorant roll on have a pH of 4.52 to 5.53, viscosity 331.8 cP to 340.8 cP, specific gravity 1.0107 g mL−1 to 1.0397 g mL−1, and do not cause irritation.
Exploring EEG based Authentication for Imaginary and Non-imaginary tasks using Power Spectral Density Method
Authors: Zhi Chin Tze , Saidatul A , Ibrahim Z 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Biometric technology has swiftly emerged as a go-to solution for improving cyber security especially in financial fraud and security threats. EEG based-authentication is best of security in cyber security application as it is unique and cannot be replicated. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of adopting imaginary or non-imaginary task for human authentication. In this study, twenty subjects were recruited from undergraduate students with age ranging from 19 to 30 years old. The subject must be healthy and right-handed. The subjects were required to perform non-imaginary task (left hand or right hand movement) and imaginary task (just need to imagine the movement of left hand or right hand). Duration for each task is 1 minute and take rest for 1 minute between the tasks. Truscan EEG device (Deymed Diagnostic, Alien Technic, Czech Republic) with 19 channels were used to collect EEG data with 1024 Hz frequency sampling and the impedance is kept below 5 kOhm. Bandpass filter was used in pre-processing to extract alpha (8-13Hz) and beta (14-30Hz) waves. The signal was segmented and the power spectral density were calculated by Welch’s method and Burg’s method. The statistical features (mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) were obtained from PSD were used as input of classifier. K-nearest neighbour classifier (KNN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were applied for classification. In conclusion, Welch method gives the highest classification accuracy which is 98% for beta waves from channel C4 with the K-nearest neighbour classifier. Imaginary task shows the higher classification accuracy which is 98.03% instead of non-imaginary task which is 94.95%. Thus, imaginary task is more suitable for authentication.
Spectral Efficiency Improving Technique in OCDMA-VLC system for IoT Application using Catenated-OFDM Modulation Scheme
Authors: Nawawi N. M. , Anuar M. S. , Junita M. N. , Talib M. F. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Visible light communication (VLC) technology offers unregulated, unlicensed and huge bandwidth to meet the growing demand in future indoor communication system. One of the major challenge in VLC system is in improving transmission speed with optimize the bandwidth capacity. The method to improve spectral usage is using advanced modulation formats such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In this work, a new approach for modulation technique based on multiband OFDM has been developed which capable to improve the spectral efficiency and optimize the data rate. A proposed technique is then adapted in OCDMA-VLC environment to analyse the reliability of the proposed scheme in high capacity network. Different selection of parameter values such as bit rates, number of bands and effective received power will have different effect on the system performance. Numerical result shown that the catenated-OFDM outperforms conventional OFDM by five times spectral efficiency improvement and eight times spectral efficiency improvement at their five and eight number of bands respectively. It is also shown that the proposed catenated-OFDM design is working well even at very high bit rate of 15 Gbps. Moreover, there are enhancement in receiver sensitivity with 7.3 dB power penalty compared to previous work.
Path Loss Analysis Considering Doppler Shift Effect on Cellular Communication for Connected Car Application at Rural Area
Authors: Hamid A F A , Rahman M T A , Rahman A , Zabidi M M M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the study on path loss of cellular communication is conducted by experiment and simulation on three different communication modules at rural area. This three-communication module will have different carrier frequency to determine the effect of doppler shift to communication path loss of moving vehicle. To enhance the accuracy of these studies, both simulation and experiment output will be compared. Simulation studies will be based on proposed modified path loss model. For the experimental portion, the Path Loss will be determined based on two things: the measured received power on communication modules antenna and transmit power from base station. From this experiment, the best selection of communication module by considering the fading effect from doppler shift is selected to be used in connected car.
Pellet Mill Fixed Dies Type for Production of Solid Fuel Pellets from Acacia mangium Bark
Authors: Arnalis Renjani Rengga , Wulandani Dyah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Biomass pellet or pellets are bio solid fuel made from compacted sawdust and other bio waste. Pelletized processes consist of three major unit operations, i.e. drying, size reduction (grinding), and densification. Increasing biomass density needs a machine, to produce pellet with best quality. Pellet mill or pelletization machine in Indonesia still expensive because due to import duties, difficult maintenance process, and suitable for small and medium enterprise or industry. The purpose of this study was to design a prototype pellet mill integrated size reduction that encompasses size reduction as well as extrusion using the fixed dies type pelletizing method, and fabricated using locally available construction materials. Main features of the machine are hopper, gearbox, electric motor (2.23 kW, 1 phase, 3 hp rating), axial shaft, roller, and fixed dies. Material used in this research was A.mangium bark and the results of this study indicated the pellet mill has been able to produce pellets with a throughput capacity of 7.70 kg/h, with rotation speed 68.98 rpm, and load of machine range 0.44-0.51 kW.
Magnetic and structural Behavior of Fe-CoO Nanocomposites Mechanically Milled
Authors: Younes Abderrahmane , Khorchef Mohamed , Bouamer Amirouche , Amar Hichem 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Fe60(CoO)40 nanostructured alloys have been prepared from pure iron and cobalt oxide powders by mechanical alloying technique within a high energy planetary ball-mill. Morphology, microstructural and magnetic properties of this powder were investigated by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The effect of time of milling on magnetic behaviour of Fe(CoO) nanostructured composite has been investigated. Apparition of new phase polycrystalline sample having a size in the range of 12 and 26 nm, it is confirmed by X-ray diffraction testing. The enhanced magnetic properties and structural behaviour of the nanoparticle are due by the diminution of size of crystallite. After 40 hours of milling, the appearance of spinel structure of CoFe2O4. The reduction in particle size leads to a significant increase in magnetic hardening, the coercive field at room temperature increases from 6 Oe to 208 Oe
Clinical Validation of Discordant Trunk Driver Mutations in Paired Primary and Metastatic Lung Cancer Specimens
Authors: Tseng Li-Hui , De Marchi Federico , Pallavajjalla Aparna , Rodriguez Erika , Xian Rena , Belchis Deborah , Gocke Christopher D , Eshleman James R , Illei Peter , Lin Ming-Tseh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To propose an operating procedure for validation of discordant trunk driver mutations.

Methods
Concordance of trunk drivers was examined by next-generation sequencing in 15 patients with two to three metastatic lung cancers and 32 paired primary and metastatic lung cancers.

Results
Tissue identity was confirmed by genotyping 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the panel. All except three pairs showed concordant trunk drivers. Quality assessment conducted in three primary and metastatic pairs with discordant trunk drivers indicates metastasis from a synchronous or remote lung primary in two patients. Review of literature revealed high discordant rates of EGFR and KRAS mutations, especially when Sanger sequencing was applied to examine primary and lymph node metastatic tumors.

Conclusions
Trunk driver mutations are highly concordant in primary and metastatic tumors. Discordance of trunk drivers, once confirmed, may suggest a second primary cancer. Guidelines are recommended to establish standard operating procedures for validation of discordant trunk drivers.
‘To Stay the Murderer’s Hand and the Rapist’s Passions, and for the Safety and Security of Civil Society’: The Emergence of Racial Disparities in Capital Punishment in Jim Crow New Orleans
Authors: Adler Jeffrey S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This essay examines capital punishment in New Orleans between 1920 and 1945. Building on a quantitative analysis of case-level data culled from police, court, and prison records, it explores the emergence of racial disparities in death-penalty sentencing and charts the increasing use of capital punishment as a mechanism of racial control. The paper focuses on four surprising and counter-intuitive patterns in the application of the death penalty. First, shifts in the use of capital punishment during this era bore no connection to patterns of violent crime. Second, changes in death-penalty sentencing were only loosely related to overall trends in homicide conviction. Third, and most surprising, Orleans Parish jurors, particularly during the 1920s, sent white killers to the gallows at a higher rate than African American killers. And fourth, the analysis of case-level records reveals dramatic shifts in death-penalty sentencing during the 1930s, particularly the development of a pronounced racial disparity in the application of capital punishment. Prosecutors also exploited the threat of capital charges to secure guilty pleas from African American suspects, and thus changes in death-penalty sentencing contributed to racial disparities in incarceration. In short, this micro-analysis helps to explain when and why the death penalty became a core component of Jim Crow criminal justice.
Simultaneous prediction of multiple outcomes using revised stacking algorithms
Authors: Xing Li , Lesperance Mary L , Zhang Xuekui 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Motivation
HIV is difficult to treat because its virus mutates at a high rate and mutated viruses easily develop resistance to existing drugs. If the relationships between mutations and drug resistances can be determined from historical data, patients can be provided personalized treatment according to their own mutation information. The HIV Drug Resistance Database was built to investigate the relationships. Our goal is to build a model using data in this database, which simultaneously predicts the resistance of multiple drugs using mutation information from sequences of viruses for any new patient.

Results
We propose two variations of a stacking algorithm which borrow information among multiple prediction tasks to improve multivariate prediction performance. The most attractive feature of our proposed methods is the flexibility with which complex multivariate prediction models can be constructed using any univariate prediction models. Using cross-validation studies, we show that our proposed methods outperform other popular multivariate prediction methods.

Availability and implementation
An R package is being developed. In the meantime, R code can be requested by email.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Natural Law, Catholicism, and the Protestant Critique: Why We Are Really Not That Far Apart
Authors: Beckwith Francis J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Catholics and Evangelical Protestants often find themselves on the same side on a variety of issues in bioethics. However, some Evangelicals have expressed reluctance to embrace the natural law reasoning used by Catholics in academic and policy debates. In this article, I argue that the primary concerns raised by Evangelicals about natural law reasoning are, ironically, concerns expressed by and intrinsic to the natural law tradition itself. To show this, I address two types of Protestant critics: (1) the Frustrated Fellow Traveler and (2) the Solo Scripturist.
The End of Sex: Finis or Telos?
Authors: Meilaender Gilbert 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In a widely noted book, Henry Greely has suggested that “the end of sex” is on the horizon. By this he means that sexual activity for pleasure will be increasingly disconnected from the process by which children are conceived—a result of the growing availability of what he terms Easy PGD. This essay explores the possibility that this sense (i.e., finis) of an “end” of sex fails to attend adequately to another sense of “end”—namely, the telos that connects human sexual activity to the birth of children. Articulating a Christian understanding of procreation, the essay notes that Easy PGD may invite us to miss the human significance of the connection between the love-giving and life-giving aspects of sexual activity.
Cadmium versus Lanthanum Effects on Spontaneous Electrical Activity and Expression of Connexin Isoforms Cx26, Cx36, and Cx45 in the Human Fetal Cortex
Authors: Kocovic Dusica M , Limaye Pallavi V , Colburn Lauren C H , Singh Mandakini B , Milosevic Milena M , Tadic Jasmina , Petronijevic Milos , Vrzic-Petronijevic Svetlana , Andjus Pavle R , Antic Srdjan D 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElectrical activity is important for brain development. In brain slices, human subplate neurons exhibit spontaneous electrical activity that is highly sensitive to lanthanum. Based on the results of pharmacological experiments in human fetal tissue, we hypothesized that hemichannel-forming connexin (Cx) isoforms 26, 36, and 45 would be expressed on neurons in the subplate (SP) zone. RNA sequencing of dissected human cortical mantles at ages of 17–23 gestational weeks revealed that Cx45 has the highest expression, followed by Cx36 and Cx26. The levels of Cx and pannexin expression between male and female fetal cortices were not significantly different. Immunohistochemical analysis detected Cx45- and Cx26-expressing neurons in the upper segment of the SP zone. Cx45 was present on the cell bodies of human SP neurons, while Cx26 was found on both cell bodies and dendrites. Cx45, Cx36, and Cx26 were strongly expressed in the cortical plate, where newborn migrating neurons line up to form cortical layers. New information about the expression of 3 “neuronal” Cx isoforms in each cortical layer/zone (e.g., SP, cortical plate) and pharmacological data with cadmium and lanthanum may improve our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal development in human fetuses and potential vulnerabilities.
Preparing for the Worst: Evidence that Older Adults Proactively Downregulate Negative Affect
Authors: Corbett Brittany , Rajah M Natasha , Duarte Audrey 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Previous studies have only investigated age-related differences in emotional processing and encoding in response to, not in anticipation of, emotional stimuli. In the current study, we investigated age-related differences in the impact of emotional anticipation on affective responses and episodic memory for emotional images. Young and older adults were scanned while encoding negative and neutral images preceded by cues that were either valid or invalid predictors of image valence. Participants were asked to rate the emotional intensity of the images and to complete a recognition task. Using multivariate behavioral partial least squares (PLS) analysis, we found that greater anticipatory recruitment of the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and hippocampus in older adults predicted reduced memory for negative than neutral images and the opposite for young adults. Seed PLS analysis further showed that following negative cues older adults, but not young adults, exhibited greater activation of vmPFC, reduced activation of amygdala, and worse memory for negative compared with neutral images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence that the “positivity effect” seen in older adults’ memory performance may be related to the spontaneous emotional suppression of negative affect in anticipation of, not just in response to, negative stimuli.
Bacteremia Among Febrile Patients Attending Selected Healthcare Facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Popoola Oluwafemi , Kehinde Aderemi , Ogunleye Veronica , Adewusi Oluwafemi J , Toy Trevor , Mogeni Ondari D , Aroyewun Eunice O , Agbi Sarah , Adekanmbi Olukemi , Adepoju Akinlolu , Muyibi Sufiyan , Adebiyi Ini , Elaturoti Oluseyi O , Nwimo Chukwuemeka , Adeoti Hadizah , Omotosho Temitope , Akinlabi Olabisi C , Adegoke Paul A , Adeyanju Olusoji A , Panzner Ursula , Baker Stephen , Park Se Eun , Marks Florian , Okeke Iruka N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The relative contribution of bacterial infections to febrile disease is poorly understood in many African countries due to diagnostic limitations. This study screened pediatric and adult patients attending 4 healthcare facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria, for bacteremia and malaria parasitemia.

Methods
Febrile patients underwent clinical diagnosis, malaria parasite testing, and blood culture. Bacteria from positive blood cultures were isolated and speciated using biochemical and serological methods, and Salmonella subtyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion.

Results
A total of 682 patients were recruited between 16 June and 16 October 2017; 467 (68.5%) were <18 years of age. Bacterial pathogens were cultured from the blood of 117 (17.2%) patients, with Staphylococcus aureus (69 [59.0%]) and Salmonella enterica (34 [29.1%]) being the most common species recovered. Twenty-seven (79.4%) of the Salmonella isolates were serovar Typhi and the other 7 belonged to nontyphoidal Salmonella serovarieties. Thirty-four individuals were found to be coinfected with Plasmodium falciparum and bacteria. Five (14.7%) of these coinfections were with Salmonella, all in children aged <5 years. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that most of the Salmonella and Staphylococcus isolates were multidrug resistant.

Conclusions
The study demonstrates that bacteria were commonly recovered from febrile patients with or without malaria in this location. Focused and extended epidemiological studies are needed for the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines that have the potential to prevent a major cause of severe community-acquired febrile diseases in our locality.
Asymptomatic Infection and Transmission of Pertussis in Households: A Systematic Review
Authors: Craig Rodger , Kunkel Elizabeth , Crowcroft Natasha S , Fitzpatrick Meagan C , de Melker Hester , Althouse Benjamin M , Merkel Tod , Scarpino Samuel V , Koelle Katia , Friedman Lindsay , Arnold Callum , Bolotin Shelly 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review to describe the frequency of mild, atypical, and asymptomatic infection among household contacts of pertussis cases and to explore the published literature for evidence of asymptomatic transmission. We included studies that obtained and tested laboratory specimens from household contacts regardless of symptom presentation and reported the proportion of cases with typical, mild/atypical, or asymptomatic infection. After screening 6789 articles, we included 26 studies. Fourteen studies reported household contacts with mild/atypical pertussis. These comprised up to 46.2% of all contacts tested. Twenty-four studies reported asymptomatic contacts with laboratory-confirmed pertussis, comprising up to 55.6% of those tested. Seven studies presented evidence consistent with asymptomatic pertussis transmission between household contacts. Our results demonstrate a high prevalence of subclinical infection in household contacts of pertussis cases, which may play a substantial role in the ongoing transmission of disease. Our review reveals a gap in our understanding of pertussis transmission.