bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edge Distance‐based Topological Indices of Strength‐weighted Graphs and their Application to Coronoid Systems, Carbon Nanocones and SiO2 Nanostructures
Authors: Arockiaraj Micheal , Klavžar Sandi , Clement Joseph , Mushtaq Shagufa , Balasubramanian Krishnan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe edge‐Wiener index is conceived in analogous to the traditional Wiener index and it is defined as the sum of distances between all pairs of edges of a graph G. In the recent years, it has received considerable attention for determining the variations of its computation. Motivated by the method of computation of the traditional Wiener index based on canonical metric representation, we present the techniques to compute the edge‐Wiener and vertex‐edge‐Wiener indices of G by dissecting the original graph G into smaller strength‐weighted quotient graphs with respect to Djoković‐Winkler relation. These techniques have been applied to compute the exact analytic expressions for the edge‐Wiener and vertex‐edge‐Wiener indices of coronoid systems, carbon nanocones and SiO2 nanostructures. In addition, we have reduced these techniques to the subdivision of partial cubes and applied to the circumcoronene series of benzenoid systems.
High‐speed slot‐scanning radiography using small‐angle tomosynthesis: Investigation of spatial resolution
Authors: Luckner Christoph , Herbst Magdalena , Weber Thomas , Beister Marcel , Ritschl Ludwig , Kappler Steffen , Maier Andreas 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis paper studies spatial resolution that is achievable with a fast slot‐scanning tomosynthesis approach for orthopedic examinations. Hereby, we use parallel scanning motion implemented in a twin robotic x‐ray system.MethodsWe have measured and analyzed the modulation transfer function (MTF) for various combinations of scanning speed, x‐ray tube voltage, pulse length, the nominal focal spot size as well as source‐to‐object distances. Moreover, we present a theoretical model which describes the system in terms of the MTF. The system was equipped with newly developed linear trajectory prototypes for slot scanning. The acquired images form the basis for a small‐angle tomosynthesis reconstruction. In total, three different scanning speeds (27, 14, 8 cm/s), pulse lengths (1, 2, 4 ms), tube voltages (80, 100, 120 kV), two nominal focal spot sizes (0.6, 1.0), and three source‐to‐object distances (950, 1050, 1150 mm) were investigated. To determine the resolution capabilities, we measured the MTF for the given parameter space. The results were then used to design a filter that yields a desired resolution in the reconstructed image. In addition, we also measured the noise power spectrum (NPS) to show the influence of the aforementioned filters on the noise distribution.ResultsWe have shown that the presented model is in good agreement with the performed measurements. Scanning speed and pulse width have an impact on the MTF in the scanning direction. Up to a travel distance of 0.3 mm during an x‐ray pulse, an isotropic resolution can be achieved. Longer pulse width or higher scanning speed cause anisotropic resolution. Moreover, it is shown that none of the investigated parameters have an influence on the MTF perpendicular to the scanning direction (slot direction). The 10% MTF value ranges between 9 and 18 lp/cm in the scanning direction and about 18 lp/cm in slot direction. Tube voltage, nominal focal spot size as well as the source‐to‐object distance showed no major impact on the system MTF.In terms of the anisotropic resolution capabilities, we have shown that limiting the resolution in the slot direction to obtain isotropic resolution is possible yet at the cost of an inhomogeneous noise pattern. However, maintaining the resolution in slot direction will provide a better edge response and a more homogeneous noise texture at the cost of an inhomogeneous image resolution.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the feasibility of the slot‐scanning technique using a twin‐robotic x‐ray system. Even the fastest scanning mode (27 cm/s) yields image resolution on a level that is sufficient for typical orthopedic examinations in terms of musculoskeletal (MSK) measurements. Moreover, it could be shown that the application of specifically designed target MTFs on two‐dimensional x‐ray images is feasible.
The therapeutic potential of parathyroid hormone in dental and oral medicine
Authors: Yamashita Junro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractParathyroid hormone (PTH) is an essential hormone that plays a vital role in calcium homeostasis in our body. Exogenous recombinant human PTH is widely applicable in health care, and the clinical utilization of PTH is emerging. The biological effects of systemic PTH depend upon the mode of administration: it is bone catabolic when continuously administered but bone anabolic when intermittently administered. Animal studies have shown that intermittent PTH therapy greatly improves the outcome of osseous regeneration procedures. The bone anabolic actions of PTH have been further investigated in human clinical trials to assess its effects on fracture repair, spinal fusion, bone regeneration, implant osseointegration, and healing of periodontal surgery. Findings support the positive effects of intermittent PTH therapy on the outcomes of osseous regenerative procedures. Furthermore, biomaterials through which PTH can be delivered locally have been developed and investigated in order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PTH at the preclinical level. With advances in our understanding of PTH and hard tissue physiology, PTH provides a new therapeutic modality for osseous regeneration therapy.
Urban plant diversity in Los Angeles, California: Species and functional type turnover in cultivated landscapes
Authors: Avolio Meghan , Pataki Diane E. , Jenerette G. Darrel , Pincetl Stephanie , Clarke Lorraine Weller , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Gillespie Thomas W. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Larson Kelli L. , McCarthy Heather R. , Trammell Tara L. E. 
Published: September 2019

Societal Impact StatementPeople plant, remove, and manage urban vegetation in cities for varying purposes and to varying extents. The direct manipulation of plants affects the benefits people receive from plants. In synthesizing several studies of urban biodiversity in Los Angeles, we find that cultivated plants differ from those in remnant natural areas. This highlights the importance of studying cultivated plants in cities, which is crucial for the design and planning of sustainable cities. Residents have created a new urban biome in Los Angeles, and this has consequences for associated organisms, ultimately resulting in a responsibility for society to determine what type of biome we wish to create.SummaryUrbanization is a large driver of biodiversity globally. Within cities, urban trees, gardens, and residential yards contribute extensively to plant biodiversity, although the consequences and mechanisms of plant cultivation for biodiversity are uncertain.We used Los Angeles, California, USA as a case study for investigating plant diversity in cultivated areas. We synthesized datasets quantifying the diversity of urban trees, residential yards, and community gardens in Los Angeles, the availability of plants from nurseries, and residents’ attitudes about plant attributes.Cultivated plant diversity was drastically different from remnant natural areas; compared to remnant natural areas, cultivated areas contained more exotic species, more than double the number of plant species, and turnover in plant functional trait distributions. In cultivated areas, most plants were intentionally planted and dominated by exotic species planted for ornamental purposes. Most tree species sampled in Los Angeles were available for sale in local nurseries. Residents’ preferences for specific plant traits were correlated with the trait composition of the plant community, suggesting cultivated plant communities at least partially reflect resident preferences.Our findings demonstrate the importance of cultivated species in a diverse megacity that are driven in part through commercial distribution. The cultivation of plants in Los Angeles greatly increases regional plant biodiversity through changes in species composition and functional trait distributions. The pervasive presence of cultivated species likely has many consequences for residents and the ecosystem services they receive compared with unmanaged or remnant urban areas.
Rapid and Efficient Approaches for Synthesis of Some New Aryl Propionic Acid Derivatives and In–Vivo Anti‐Diabetic Screening of Selected Compounds
Authors: Vekariya Mitesh B. , Joshi Hitendra S. , Desai Nisheeth C. , Jadeja Krunalsinh A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA series of some new aryl propionic acid derivatives as 2‐(6‐(substituted phenylethynyl)‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐3‐yl)acetic acids were synthesized. The targeted molecules were prepared by using techniques such as efficient and high‐performance autoclave hydrogenation to reduce highly stable π‐electron system of furan ring and microwave‐assisted rapid Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling reaction between aryl triflate derivatives and substituted aryl acetylenes. The anti‐diabetic screening of selected compounds was performed by using alloxan‐induced diabetic model. The studies include acute and chronic toxicity, effectiveness, change in the behavioral pattern and change in glucose level of the tested animals. The compound 2‐(6‐((4‐ethylphenyl)ethynyl)‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐3‐yl)acetic acid exhibited maximum anti‐hyperglycemic properties. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, IR, Mass spectrometry and single crystal XRD (MTS‐201).
Pyrene Based NLOphoric D‐π‐A‐π‐D Coumarin‐Chalcone and Their Red Emitting OBO Difluoride Complex: Synthesis, Solvatochromism, Z‐scan, and Detailed TD‐DFT Studies
Authors: Yadav Sagar B. , Erande Yogesh , Sreenath Mavila C. , Chitrambalam Subramaniyan , Joe Isaac H. , Sekar Nagaiyan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNLOphoric D‐π‐A‐π‐D coumarin chalcone 5 and their BF2 complex 6 were designed, synthesized and characterized through Mass,13C‐NMR, and 1H‐NMR analysis. Their Photophysical properties are extensively studied in solvents of different polarity. On BF2 complexation of coumarin chalcone shows highly red shift in absorption and emission spectra compared to uncomplexed coumarin chalcone. Positive solvatochromism observed which is well supported by linear and multilinear regression analysis. For BF2 complexed coumarin‐chalcone 6 the solvent dipolarity (CSdP) is the main factor responsible for slightly red shift in absorption spectra, and also for the highly red‐shift in emission spectra. Frontier molecular orbital, molecular electrostatic potential and Generalized Mulliken‐Hush analysis revealed intramolecular charge transfer in these compounds. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties for compounds 5 and 6 were studied by solvatochromic and computational method. The linear polarizability (α), first‐order hyperpolarizability (β) and second‐order hyperpolarizability (γ) of compounds were studied by the time dependent density functional theory using three different functionals namely B3LYP, BHHLYP and CAM−B3LYP with the 6–31 G (d) basis set. BF2 complexed compound 6, show higher values for αe + αv as well as βe+βv compared to compound 5. Third order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ(3)) of these compounds obtained by Z‐scan analysis. Third‐order (χ(3)) non‐linear optical properties of BF2 complexed coumarin‐chalcone 6 were observed to be several times higher than those of the uncomplexed coumarin‐chalcone 5 these justify the design approach.
Bowl‐like Micromotors Using Red Blood Cell Membrane as Template
Authors: Pan Xiaoyi , Wang Qingyi , Li Shubin , Wang Xuejing , Han Xiaojun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe asymmetric micro/nano motors have attracted great attentions recently, because they convert external physical and chemical energy into the kinetic energy. Red blood cell (RBC) membranes with good deformability and fluidity are excellent natural templates for micromaterial fabrication. Herein, RBC membranes were used as templates to prepare bowl‐like micro‐motors by electroless plating platinum particle onto the membranes. The asymmetric Pt bowl‐like micromotors were driven by hydrogen peroxide.
Ag2S/CdS‐Heterostructured Nanorod Synthesis by L–Cysteine‐Mediated Reverse Microemulsion Method
Authors: Liu Jing , Shan Dongyu , Zhang Tingting , Li Yunhe , Wang Ran , Liu Meiying 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHighly‐efficient charge separation is of significant importance for the improvement of photocatalytic performance towards solar H2 production. Here, Ag2S/CdS hetero nanorods with intimate contact were fabricated at ambient temperature by L‐cysteine‐assisted method involving a Triton X‐100/cyclohexane/hexanol/water quaternary W/O reverse microemulsion process. The formation of Ag2S/CdS nanojunction is verified by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, EDS as well as XPS technique, while the photocatalytic activity of Ag2S/CdS hetero nanorod is assessed by water photo‐reduction to H2 in the presence of S2−/SO32− as sacrificial agents under visible‐light irradiation. It is demonstrated that Ag2S/CdS hetero nanorod exhibits an about 480‐fold enhancement in the H2‐evolution rate relative to that of pristine CdS. In combination with UV‐vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra, the synergistic effects stemmed from the extended light‐absorption and facilitated charge‐separation between the interfaces largely contribute to boosting the photocatalytic H2‐evolution activity of CdS nanorod. This work offers a novel strategy to in‐situ construct CdS‐based heterostructured photocatalysts with good performance and low cost.
A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,2,2‐Trichloroacetates Through Acid‐Catalyzed Deimination and Its Applications
Authors: Poshala Soumya , Thunga Sanjeeva , Golla Sivaparwathi , Satheesh Vanaparthi , Kokatla Hari Prasad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel one‐pot approach for the synthesis of trichloroacetates is described. Use of inexpensive, commercially available trichloroacetonitrile as a trichloroacyl source has made this protocol have more industrial applications. This one‐pot approach is applicable to a wide range of alcohols as demonstrated by 28 examples with good to excellent yields in the order of 93%. Trichloroacetates were characterized by infrared, NMR spectra and further the structure of 2‐(1,3‐dioxoisoindolin‐2‐yl)ethyl‐2,2,2‐trichloroacetate was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, benzyl trichloroacetates synthesized were converted into corresponding benzyl iodides in good yields (51‐70%). In addition, bypassing harsh reagents, use of cheaper, commercially available sodium iodide as nucleophile and mild reaction conditions are some of practical features of this methodology.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of New2‐Phenylbenzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Saleh Omayma R. , Shaldum Moataz A. , Goda Reham M. , Shehata Ihsan A. , El‐Ashmawy Mahmoud B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are well‐characterized targets for both fluoroquinolones (e. g. Ciprofloxacin), which inhibit the catalytic subunits GyrA/ParC, and aminocoumarins (e. g. Novobiocin), which act as GyrB/ParE ATPase inhibitors. Due to the emergence of resistance to the first class, and the safety issues related to the latter, current research is aimed at developing novel synthetic inhibitors for GyrB/ParE in order to overcome the limitations of available drugs. A novel series of benzimidazole derivatives, carrying various functional groups or heterocyclic rings, were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial effect. The majority of the new benzimidazole derivatives showed Gram positive antibacterial activity. Compounds 7 d, 12 a,b and 14 a were selected for the assessment of their binding affinity and enzyme inhibitory activity against the E.coli DNA gyrase and the S. aureus topoisomerase IV. The results revealed good binding as well as dual inhibition against both enzymes. Compounds 7 d (% inhibition 87.71, IC50: 0.61 uM) and 14 a (% inhibition: 89.3, IC50: 0.58 uM) showed the best results against the E.coli DNA gyrase and the S. aureus topoisomerase IV, respectively. In silico studies revealed a potential good oral absorption of compounds due to compatibility with Lipinski's rule of five. Compound 14 a showed both good druglikeness (3.76) and drug score (0.76) values giving it potential as a promising new drug.
A Highly Enantioselective and Efficient Synthesis of New Pyrimidine‐Fused Spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyran]s Promoted by a Novel Chiral Ionic Liquid
Authors: Ahmadkhani Amin , Rad‐Moghadam Kurosh , Roudsari Saeedeh Toorchi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA nearly neutral but protic chiral ionic liquid was prepared via neutralization of (1 S)‐(+)‐camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid with N,N‐dimethyl‐n‐octylamine. The structure of this room temperature ionic liquid was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. It was proved to be an efficient mild promoter for the synthesis of some novel spiro‐oxindoles. The ionic liquid has shown a high asymmetric induction potential, as the spiro‐oxindoles were obtained in high optical purities. All the synthesized spiro‐compounds are new.
Folic Acid Conjugated Polyglutamic Acid Drug Vehicle Synthesis through Deep Eutectic Solvent for Targeted Release of Paclitaxel
Authors: Pradeepkumar Periyakaruppan , Sangeetha Ramalingam , Gunaseelan Sathaiah , Varalakshmi Perumal , Chuturgoon Anil A , Rajan Mariappan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising biocompatible solvents that have many applications in biomedical research including drug delivery. In this study, nanomicelles were designed and developed for encapsulation of paclitaxel (PTX) for cancer therapy using DES from proline (PA) and lactic acid (LA) as resources. The self‐assembled DES grafted polyglutamic acid conjugated folic acid (DES‐g‐PGA‐FA) micelles were determined through Critical micelle concentration (CMC) by fluorescence analysis using pyrene as a probe (CMC=0.7 mg/mL). The successful preparation of DESs and DESs grafted polymer was confirmed by spectroscopy techniques, and density. The crystalline nature, thermal stability, particle size, surface morphology of the micelles and drug loaded micelles were determined by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and also microscope techniques analysis. In addition, the encapsulation efficiency and sustained release behavior of PTX loaded micelles was tested by UV‐visible spectroscopy at the λmax value of 280 nm. Anticancer activity of the compound (PTX loaded polymeric micelles) was assessed on the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and toxicity effect against normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using the tetrazolium‐based MTT assay. These results demonstrate that the polymeric micelles are a promising carrier for anticancer therapeutics and minimize adverse side effects to normal cells.
GO/Ag2O Composite Nanostructure as an Effective Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Sajjad Shamaila , Arshad Farwa , Uzair Bushra , Leghari Sajjad A. K. , Noor Saima , Maaza Malik 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSilver oxide nano‐particles (Ag2O NPs) are prepared by wet chemical method and impregnated with graphene oxide (GO) nano‐sheets in different wt. % ratios. The Ag2O NPs showed peaks in with the face centered cubic crystalline structure as indicated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The characteristic peaks of GO are also appeared in XRD patterns of GO/Ag2O composites. SEM image of pure GO nano‐sheets represented thin flexible layered structure. In GO/Ag2O hybrid structure, the Ag2O nanoparticles are randomly anchored on the surface of GO nano‐sheets. FT‐IR spectra of GO/Ag2O composite illustrate the reduction in intensity of peaks as compared to pure Ag2O. Some oxygen functional groups are also reduced in the composites samples. The antibacterial activity of hetero systems was observed in case of E.coli and Staph aureus by disc diffusion method. In antibacterial activity, pure Ag2O and GO exhibited small zones of inhibition in comparison to 2.0 and 4.0% GO/Ag2O nano composite materials towards E. coli and S. aureus. The results indicated that GO/Ag2O nanocomposites can markedly inhibit E. coli reproduction as compared to S. aureus. In antibacterial mechanism, positively charged Ag ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced more in GO/Ag2O nanocomposites than singly Ag2O and GO nanomaterials which cause the disrupting interaction with bacterial cell wall through membrane proteins. The effectiveness of Ag2O NPs is enhanced by incorporating GO nano‐sheets.
Gradient‐Distributed Nucleation Seeds on Conductive Host for a Dendrite‐Free and High‐Rate Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Nan Yang , Li Songmei , Shi Yongzheng , Yang Shubin , Li Bin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMuch attention is paid to metal lithium as a hopeful negative material for reversible batteries with a high specific capacity. Although applying 3D hosts can relieve the dendrite growth to some extent, gradient‐distributed lithium ion in 3D uniform hosts still induces uncontrolled lithium dendrites growth, especially at high lithium capacity and high current density. Herein, a 3D conductive carbon nanofiber framework with gradient‐distributed ZnO particles as nucleation seeds (G‐CNF) to regulate lithium deposition is proposed. Based on such a unique structure, the G‐CNF electrode exhibits a high average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.1% for 700 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2. Even at 5 mA cm−2, the G‐CNF electrode performs a stable cycling process and high CE of 96.0% for over 200 cycles. When the lithium‐deposited G‐CNF (G‐CNF‐Li) anode is applied in a full cell with a commercial LiFePO4 cathode, it exhibits a stable capacity of 115 mAh g−1 and high retention of 95.7% after 300 cycles. Through inducing the gradient‐distributed nucleation seeds to counter the existing Li‐ion concentration polarization, a uniform and stable lithium deposition process in the 3D host is achieved even under the condition of high current density.
Role of Endogenous Protein in the Spherical Aggregation of Taro Starch Granules upon Spray‐Drying and in In Vitro Digestibility
Authors: Vernon‐Carter Eduardo Jaime , Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose , Bello‐Perez Luis A. , Hernandez‐Jaimes Carmen , Reyes Isabel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe role of endogenous protein in the formation of spray‐dried taro starch spherical aggregates is studied in this work. Taro starch dispersions (30 g per 100 mL water) are added with different protease concentrations (0.0, 1.0, and 5.0 × 103 IU protease per g starch) for degrading the surface protein of the starch granules. Protease treatment has a negative effect on the formation of starch aggregates, which are scarce and irregular. The incorporation of exogenous protein in the form of whey protein isolate (WPI) improved the formation of starch aggregates, but with non‐spherical morphology. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis reveals that the formation of random structures at the expense of β‐structures (up to 65%) in proteins is the mechanism responsible for the spherical aggregates formation. In vitro digestibility tests show that spherical aggregates are less digestible (≈19% of RDS) than native taro starch (≈40% of RDS), an effect that might be attributed to increased ordering and crystallinity (≈34% for spray‐dried starch) induced by thermal modifications in the spray‐drying process.