bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AK‐DA: An efficient method for the fatigue assessment of wind turbine structures
Authors: Huchet Quentin , Mattrand Cécile , Beaurepaire Pierre , Relun Nicolas , Gayton Nicolas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLifetime damage estimation is a complex and demanding task that needs to be performed during the design of offshore wind turbine structures. A general damage analysis framework is proposed by the certification bodies. Therein the total lifetime of the structure is considered as a series of elementary situations combining structural and environmental states. For a given structural state, the loading environment is described using statistical parameters such as the wind mean speed at hub height or the peak spectral period of the sea. An estimation of the structural response is to be computed for each of the environmental combinations of parameters, therefore leading to tens of thousands simulations. The cost of a single simulation makes this process often unfeasible for engineers who are usually forced to reduce the number of simulations considering industrial feedback with risks of potential lack of representativity of results. This paper aims at presenting a novel method for the reduction of the simulation costs relative to the long‐term damage estimation (relative to a design load case) and based on the so‐called adaptive Kriging approach. From on a reduced set of observations (multiphysics simulator runs), a Kriging metamodel is here used to approximate the damage model response for all the nonsimulated sets of environmental parameters. The latter are subsequently used to assess the long‐term damage as presented in the standards. The statistical measure of the metamodel error of prediction is used into an iterative structure in order to progressively enrich the design of experiments with informative sets of environmental parameters. This allows us minimizing the global uncertainty of the approximation. The proposed algorithm, hereafter called the AK‐DA for “Adaptive Kriging Damage Assessment,” is illustrated with two industrial cases of fatigue analyses for the NREL 5MW reference monopile structure and its direct application
Hyperparameters and tuning strategies for random forest
Authors: Probst Philipp , Wright Marvin N. , Boulesteix Anne‐Laure 
Published: January 2019

The random forest (RF) algorithm has several hyperparameters that have to be set by the user, for example, the number of observations drawn randomly for each tree and whether they are drawn with or without replacement, the number of variables drawn randomly for each split, the splitting rule, the minimum number of samples that a node must contain, and the number of trees. In this paper, we first provide a literature review on the parameters' influence on the prediction performance and on variable importance measures. It is well known that in most cases RF works reasonably well with the default values of the hyperparameters specified in software packages. Nevertheless, tuning the hyperparameters can improve the performance of RF. In the second part of this paper, after a presenting brief overview of tuning strategies, we demonstrate the application of one of the most established tuning strategies, model‐based optimization (MBO). To make it easier to use, we provide thetuneRangerR package that tunes RF with MBO automatically. In a benchmark study on several datasets, we compare the prediction performance and runtime oftuneRangerwith other tuning implementations in R and RF with default hyperparameters.This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Biological Data MiningAlgorithmic Development > StatisticsAlgorithmic Development > Hierarchies and TreesTechnologies > Machine Learning
An advanced review on text mining in medicine
Authors: Luque Carmen , Luna José M. , Luque Maria , Ventura Sebastian 
Published: January 2019

Health care professionals produce abundant textual information in their daily clinical practice and this information is stored in many diverse sources and, generally, in textual form. The extraction of insights from all the gathered information, mainly unstructured and lacking normalization, is one of the major challenges in computational medicine. In this respect, text mining (TM) assembles different techniques to derive valuable insights from unstructured textual data so it has led to be especially relevant in medicine. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide an extensive review of existing techniques and resources to perform TM tasks in medicine. In this review, more than 90 relevant research studies have been analyzed, describing the most important practical applications, terminological resources, tools, and open challenges of TM in medicine.This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Health Care
Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Algorithmic Development > Hierarchies and Trees
Algorithmic Development > Ensemble Methods
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in atypical valve anatomy using the Lotus valve
Authors: Xu Q. , Liu X. , Jiang J. , He Y. , Zhu Q. , Gao F. , Du F. , He W. , Cheng J. , Kong M. , Pu Z. , Zhou Q. , Gooley R. , Wang J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background
In the West, the safety and efficacy of the Lotus valve have been demonstrated; however, data in the Chinese population are still lacking. Few studies have compared the clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with the Lotus valve in patients with bicuspid or tricuspid aortic valve stenosis. Our aim was to assess TAVR outcomes with the Lotus aortic valve in a Chinese patient cohort.

Methods
In total, 23 symptomatic, high-surgical risk patients with severe aortic valve stenosis were enrolled. Among them, nine patients (39%) had bicuspid aortic valves, and three patients had a large annulus dimension. The Lotus valve was successfully implanted in all patients. To facilitate accurate positioning, partial re-sheathing was attempted in ten patients (43.5%), while one patient had a full retrieval. One-year clinical follow-up was completed in all patients.

Results
There were no deaths, strokes, or major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in 22 of the 23 patients at 30 days; the all-cause mortality rate at 1 year was 4.4% (1 of 23 patients). The mean aortic valve gradient decreased from 51.5 ± 8.8 mm Hg at baseline to 13.4 ± 4.9 mm Hg (p < 0.001) and the valve area increased from 0.6 ± 0.2 cm2 to 1.5 ± 0.4 cm2 (p < 0.001) at 30 days. Paravalvular leakage was absent or mild (22%), and no patient had severe paravalvular leakage. Six patients (26.1%) required a postprocedural pacemaker. There was no difference regarding the procedural and the 1‑year outcomes between patients with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve stenosis.

Conclusion
Our single-center experience demonstrated that the Lotus valve is feasible and effective for Chinese patients with aortic valve stenosis, including atypical cases with bicuspid aortic valves or large aortic annulus size.
Addressing the envisioned world problem: a case study in human spaceflight operations
Authors: Miller Matthew J. , Feigh Karen M. 
Published: January 2019

The construction of future technological systems in work domains that do not yet exist, known as the envisioned world problem, is an increasingly important topic for designers, particularly given the rapid rate of technological advancement in the modern era. This paper first discusses the theoretical underpinnings of using cognitive work analysis (CWA) for developing a decision support system (DSS) situated within the envisioned world problem and recasts the problem as pathway-dependent processes. Using this pathway-dependent framework, each stage of the envisioning process is described to reveal how human factors experts can link existing work domains to envisioned instances. Finally, a case study example of the envisioning process that incorporates CWA modelling is demonstrated as it pertains to the advancement of the human spaceflight domain. As a result, this paper provides a unified treatment of the envisioned world problem with an end-to-end example of one approach to designing future technologies for future work domains.
Electrokinetic energy conversion of two-layer fluids through nanofluidic channels
Authors: Ding Zhaodong , Jian Yongjun , Tan Wenchang 
Published: January 2019

Based on the Onsager reciprocal relation in the linear response regime, we first clarify the equivalence of thermodynamic and electric circuit analyses for electrokinetic energy conversion. Then we present a streaming-potential-based nanofluidic energy conversion system which comprises two immiscible fluids that form a flat interface in a slit-like channel. The validity of the Onsager reciprocal relation to such a two-fluid system is verified. The performance of such an energy converter is illustrated by considering two concrete oil–water systems with different properties. In both cases, we predict that the binary system with a thin oil layer increases both the maximum output power and the energy conversion efficiency, and this enhancement depends strongly on the mobile charges present at the oil–water interface, the salt concentration and the interface location. Concretely, for negatively charged interfaces, we find that the optimal efficiency increases with the interfacial charge for relatively thin oil layers; while for relatively thick oil layers, the interfacial charge has the opposite effect (i.e. reduction effect) on the energy conversion efficiency in the ranges of the parameters. We further investigate these systems from the viewpoint of energy transfer by deriving the related energy equation. We find that viscous dissipation consumes most of the power (more than 90 %), in both single-phase and two-fluid flows. However, the ratio of the viscous dissipation to the power input decreases with increase of the interfacial charge density for the case of a relatively thin oil layer in two-fluid flows. Meanwhile, although the presence of interfacial charges can lead to an increase in electrical dissipation, the amount of the increased power consumption is less than that of the reduced viscous dissipation in the case of a thin oil layer. Therefore, for two-fluid energy converters, the total power consumption can be reduced and the efficiency is improved.
Groundstates for Choquard type equations with Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev lower critical exponent
Authors: Cassani Daniele , Van Schaftingen Jean , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor the Choquard equation, which is a nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger type equation,$$-\Delta u+V_{\mu, \nu} u=(I_\alpha\ast \vert u \vert ^{({N+\alpha})/{N}}){ \vert u \vert }^{{\alpha}/{N}-1}u,\quad {\rm in} \ {\open R}^N, $$where$N\ges 3$,Vμ,ν:ℝN → ℝ is an external potential defined for μ, ν > 0 andx ∈ ℝNbyVμ,ν(x) = 1 − μ/(ν2 + |x|2) and$I_\alpha : {\open R}^N \to 0$is the Riesz potential for α ∈ (0,N), we exhibit two thresholds μν, μν > 0 such that the equation admits a positive ground state solution if and only if μν < μ < μνand no ground state solution exists for μ < μν. Moreover, if μ > max{μν,N2(N − 2)/4(N + 1)}, then equation still admits a sign changing ground state solution provided$N \ges 4$or in dimensionN= 3 if in addition 3/2 < α < 3 and$\ker (-\Delta + V_{\mu ,\nu }) = \{ 0\} $, namely in the non-resonant case.
Induction for locally compact quantum groups revisited
Authors: Kalantar Mehrdad , Kasprzak Paweł , Skalski Adam , Sołtan Piotr M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the theory of induced representations in the setting of locally compact quantum groups. In the case of induction from open quantum subgroups, we show that constructions of Kustermans and Vaes are equivalent to the classical, and much simpler, construction of Rieffel. We also prove in general setting the continuity of induction in the sense of Vaes with respect to weak containment.
Dating Gordion: the Timing and Tempo of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Political Transformation
Authors: Kealhofer Lisa , Grave Peter , Voigt Mary M 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTGordion has long served as an archaeological type site for Iron Age central Anatolia and provided pioneering radiocarbon (14C) determinations as reported in the first issue ofRadiocarbon(1959). Absolute dating of key events at Gordion continue to reshape our understanding of regional development and interaction in the Iron Age, with a major conflagration in the late 9th BCE century at this site the most recent focus of attention (DeVries et al. 2003). Here we present the latest series of14C determinations for Gordion from Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age contexts. Fifteen absolute dates provide a critical new framework for establishing the timing and tempo of cultural transformation from the collapse of the Hittite Empire through to the subsequent formation of the Phrygian polity that dominated central Anatolia from the 9th to the 7th c. BCE. This chronometric revision transforms our perspective on the LBA/EIA transition at this site: from disengagement from Hittite hegemony in the 12th c. BCE, to the precocious emergence of the Phrygian capital in the early 9th c. BCE.
Eight New Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene AMS Dates from the Southeastern Baltic
Authors: Philippsen Bente , Ivanovaitė Livija , Makhotka Kirill , Sauer Florian , Riede Felix , Olsen Jesper 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTOnly a limited number of radiometric dates for the Final Palaeolithic and the first half of the Mesolithic are available from the southeastern Baltic. This paper presents eight new Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (14C AMS) ages of osseous artifacts housed at the Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Art. These artifacts include one piece of worked reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) antler, three axes of the so-called Lyngby type, one bone point, one uniserial harpoon, one so-called bâton percé antler shaft, and one slotted bone. All the samples were successfully dated and yielded five Late Pleistocene and three Early Holocene ages, including the hitherto earliest age for human occupation in the Eastern Baltic. The dates include not only a surprisingly early date for a bone point (for this region), but also some dates that contradict expected ages based on traditional typological assessment. Our study significantly adds to the still small number of existing absolutely dated artifacts from the region and proposes new ways of viewing the Final Palaeolithic and Early Mesolithic chronology in the southeastern Baltic.
Comparing proxy rated quality of life of people living with dementia in care homes
Authors: Robertson S. , Cooper C. , Hoe J. , Lord K. , Rapaport P. , Marston L. , Cousins S. , Lyketsos C. G. , Livingston G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundImproving quality of life (QOL) for people with dementia is a priority. In care homes, we often rely on proxy ratings from staff and family but we do not know if, or how, they differ in care homes.MethodsWe compared 1056 pairs of staff and family DEMQOL-Proxy ratings from 86 care homes across England. We explored factors associated with ratings quantitatively using multilevel modelling and, qualitatively, through thematic analysis of 12 staff and 12 relative interviews.ResultsStaff and family ratings were weakly correlated (ρs = 0.35). Median staff scores were higher than family's (104 v. 101; p < 0.001). Family were more likely than staff to rate resident QOL as ‘Poor’ (χ2 = 55.91, p < 0.001). Staff and family rated QOL higher when residents had fewer neuropsychiatric symptoms and severe dementia. Staff rated QOL higher in homes with lower staff:resident ratios and when staff were native English speakers. Family rated QOL higher when the resident had spent longer living in the care home and was a native English. Spouses rated residents’ QOL higher than other relatives. Qualitative results suggest differences arise because staff felt good care provided high QOL but families compared the present to the past. Family judgements centre on loss and are complicated by decisions about care home placement and their understandings of dementia.ConclusionProxy reports differ systematically between staff and family. Reports are influenced by the rater:staff and family may conceptualise QOL differently.
Kinematics-Based Simulation and Animation of Articulated Rovers Traversing Uneven Terrains
Authors: Tarokh Mahmoud , Ho Huy Dang 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe paper develops a simulation and animation environment for high-mobility rovers based on kinematic modeling. Various kinematic chains starting from the rover body to the wheels are analyzed and aggregated to obtain the model of the rover body motion in terms of the wheel motions. This model is then used to determine the actuations of the joints, wheels speed, and steering motors to achieve a desired motion of the rover over uneven terrain while avoiding loss of balance and tip-over. The simulation environment consists of a number of modules, including terrain and trajectory generation, and kinematic models for rover actuation and navigation. The animation of the rover motion over various terrains is developed, which allows observing the rover from various viewpoints and interacting with the system through a graphical user interface. The performance of the overall system is demonstrated by modeling a high-mobility space exploration rover, and the responses of the rover on uneven terrains are provided, which show the usefulness of the proposed modeling, simulation, and animation scheme.
Proceduralism, Political Embeddedness and Death Penalty Lawyers in China
Authors: Lu Hong , Trejbalova Tereza , Liang Bin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractResearch suggests that cause lawyers are a diverse group. Death penalty lawyers with attachment to political institutions and a strong commitment to procedurals tend to have a unique path to professional identification, participation in the legal process and acquiring the ability to affect case outcomes. Borrowing from Hilbink's typologies and Liu and Halliday's analytical framework, this study examines in detail the practices of proceduralist and progressive elite lawyers. It uses a high-profile capital case, the Nian Bin case, as a case study to analyse the motivation and strategies of the lead defence lawyer in the context of progressive proceduralist cause lawyers. Relevant theoretical and policy implications as well as suggestions for future studies are discussed.
Observations of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave source by the TOROS collaboration
Authors: Macri Lucas M. , Díaz Mario C. , Lambas Diego Garcia ,   the TOROS collaboration
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present the results of prompt optical follow-up of the electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817 by the Transient Optical Robotic Observatory of the South Collaboration (TOROS). We detected highly significant dimming in the light curves of the counterpart over the course of only 80 minutes of observations obtained ~35 hr after the trigger with the T80-South telescope. A second epoch of observations, obtained ~59 hr after the event with the EABA 1.5m telescope, confirms the fast fading nature of the transient. The observed colors of the counterpart suggest that this event was a “blue kilonova” relatively free of lanthanides.
Toward High‐Resolution Period‐Dependent Seismic Monitoring of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Retailleau Lise , Gualtieri Lucia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPioneering work in the midtwentieth century laid the foundation for our understanding of secondary microseism generation by tropical cyclones. Yet, tracking their sources and linking them to the mechanisms that generate these signals remain challenging. Here, we successfully retrieve the seismic sources associated with Typhoon Ioke (2006) with an unprecedented 3‐hr resolution and in the entire secondary microseism period band (T= 2–9 s). Our results indicate that the seismic sources follow the tropical cyclone at a constant distance from its center, corresponding to 34‐kt winds. We also assess the link between the generation of the long‐period secondary microseism signals and the increase of the typhoon propagation speed. This accurate location of seismic sources may provide a new data set for imaging the Earth's interior and allow for new insights on the interaction between the atmosphere, the ocean, and the solid Earth.
Midlatitudinal Special Airglow Structures Generated by the Interaction Between Propagating Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance and Nighttime Plasma Density Enhancement at Magnetically Quiet Time
Authors: Sun Longchang , Xu Jiyao , Xiong Chao , Zhu Yajun , Yuan Wei , Hu Lianhuan , Liu Weijun , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper reports a special midlatitudinal medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) event, accompanied by a poleward surge of airglow depletion/enhancement and a bifurcation of depletion during the magnetically quiet period. These special structures were generated during a decreasing height of ionosphere with nighttime plasma density enhancement and increment of airglow emission intensity possibly caused by a passing‐by midnight brightness wave. We suggest that the interaction of the passing‐by MSTID and nighttime plasma density enhancement resulted in the poleward surge and bifurcation of airglow depletion. The nighttime plasma density enhancement could feed the high plasma density to interact with the airglow depletions of MSTID, causing the poleward surge and bifurcation of airglow depletion by the secondary gradient drift instability. The poleward surged airglow enhancement within two adjacent depletions of MSTID is also firstly reported in this study.
How the Inhomogeneity of Wet Sea Salt Aerosols Affects Direct Radiative Forcing
Authors: Wang Zheng , Bi Lei , Yi Bingqi , Zhang Xiaoyu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSea salt aerosols were assumed to be homogeneous spheres in most climate models. However, observations show that sea salt particles are inhomogeneous during the deliquesce and crystallization processes. Using a two‐layer sphere model, we found that backscattering of solar radiation associated with sea salts is underestimated in homogeneous sea salt models. The Community Earth System Model is used to assess the inhomogeneity effect on direct radiative forcing. For global climate model simulation, the inhomogeneity effect on radiative transfer is found to be small as high RHs over widespread oceans suppress the impact of inhomogeneity. On the other hand, in coastal regions, the inhomogeneity effect can cause up to 10% radiative forcing difference of sea salt aerosols. The inhomogeneity effect of sea salt aerosols has to be considered over coastal regions, especially in the Mediterranean, Australia, and the eastern coast of South America.