bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Synthetic Organic Pigments
Authors: Sugaya Naeko , Takahashi Mitsuko , Sakurai Katsumi , Tanaka Nobuko , Okubo Ichiro , Kawakami Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Though synthetic organic colorants are used in various applications nowadays, there is the concern that impurities by-produced during the manufacturing and degradation products in some of these colorants are persistent organic pollutants and carcinogens. Thus, it is important to identify the synthetic organic colorants in various products, such as commercial paints, ink, cosmetics, food, textile, and plastics. Dyes, which are soluble in water and other solvents, could be analyzed by chromatographic methods. In contrast, it is difficult to analyze synthetic organic pigments by these methods because of their insolubility. This review is an overview of mass spectrometric analysis of synthetic organic pigments by various ionization methods. We highlight a recent study of textile samples by atmospheric pressure solid analysis probe MS. Furthermore, the mass spectral features of synthetic organic pigments and their separation from other components such as paint media and plasticizers are discussed.
A Generalized Approach to Forensic Dye Identification: Development and Utility of Reference Libraries
Authors: Groves Ethan , Palenik Skip , Palenik Christopher S 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
While color is arguably the most important optical property of evidential fibers, the actual dyestuffs responsible for its expression in them are, in forensic trace evidence examinations, rarely analyzed and still less often identified. This is due, primarily, to the exceedingly small quantities of dye present in a single fiber as well as to the fact that dye identification is a challenging analytical problem, even when large quantities are available for analysis. Among the practical reasons for this are the wide range of dyestuffs available (and the even larger number of trade names), the low total concentration of dyes in the finished product, the limited amount of sample typically available for analysis in forensic cases, and the complexity of the dye mixtures that may exist within a single fiber. Literature on the topic of dye analysis is often limited to a specific method, subset of dyestuffs, or an approach that is not applicable given the constraints of a forensic analysis. Here, we present a generalized approach to dye identification that (1) combines several robust analytical methods, (2) is broadly applicable to a wide range of dye chemistries, application classes, and fiber types, and (3) can be scaled down to forensic casework-sized samples. The approach is based on the development of a reference collection of 300 commercially relevant textile dyes that have been characterized by a variety of microanalytical methods (HPTLC, Raman microspectroscopy, infrared microspectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and visible microspectrophotometry). Although there is no single approach that is applicable to all dyes on every type of fiber, a combination of these analytical methods has been applied using a reproducible approach that permits the use of reference libraries to constrain the identity of and, in many cases, identify the dye (or dyes) present in a textile fiber sample.
Apresentação do Dossiê – Aquisição Transnacional de Terras (Land Grabbing)
Authors: Leite Alexandre Cesar Cunha , Lima Thiago 
Published: April 2018

O movimento global de aquisições transnacionais de terra – também referenciado na literatura como land grabbing, land rush, acarapamiento e estrangeirização de terras – é um tema que ganhou atenção desde a crise alimentar de 2007/08. Milhões de hectares têm sido negociados em âmbito doméstico e internacionalmente, utilizando-se de mecanismos diversos, tomando formas novas e tendo motivações de origem variada, gerando, na maioria dos casos, efeitos sociais e ambientais negativos.
Uma relação entre a concepção artística da obra poética de Edgar Allan Poe e a teoria de polissistemas
Authors: Brito Pedro Alves de Oliveira 
Published: April 2018

O ato tradutório, envolto em extensa gama de preconceitos, continua sendo visto como prática invisível, inescapavelmente presente, mas raramente reconhecida. Sabe-se, no entanto, que, através da tradução, o tradutor não está simplesmente interpretando um texto na língua original, em seguida produzindo um texto correspondente na língua alvo. Ao nos aprofundarmos no tema, percebe-se que o conceito de tradução poética se vê obrigado a distanciar-se de outros que, de forma semelhante, estejam ligados à tradução literária. Com base nessas considerações, o trabalho apresenta, utilizando como pilar a teoria de polissistemas de Itamar Even-Zohar, a concepção artística da poesia de Edgar Allan Poe, bem como os elementos teórico e literário presentes no potencial tradutório de sua obra. Palavras-chave: Literatura comparada. Edgar Allan Poe. Teoria de polissistemas.
Psychotic Experiences, Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety Symptoms and Common Mental Health Risk Factors of Urban and Non-Urban Dwellers in Indonesia
Authors: Jaya Edo S , Wulandari Sri 
Published: April 2018

The prevalence of risk factors and symptoms of mental-health problems has been found to be higher in urban than non-urban areas. However, most studies are conducted in developed countries, and we are unsure whether a similar pattern can be observed in a developing country. In the present study, we compared rates of common mental health risk-factors and symptoms of psychosis, depression, and anxiety between urban and non-urban residents. A community sample of 844 participants completed an anonymous cross-sectional online survey. T-tests and Mann-Whitney U Test were used to compare participants’ scores on mental health-risk factors and symptoms based on their area of residence. Our analyses showed that participants living in urban areas experienced a higher frequency of loneliness, being bullied at home, positive symptoms of psychosis, depression, and stronger beliefs of negative schemas. These results reveal a similar pattern of higher frequencies of risk factors and symptoms of mental-health problems among people living in urban areas was found in a developing country. Urban living may be linked exposure to mental health risk factors and thus, increase the risk of having symptoms of mental health problems. Future research should investigate this mechanism in a longitudinal data.
More massive but potentially less healthy: black vultures feeding in rubbish dumps differed in clinical and biochemical parameters with wild feeding birds
Authors: Plaza Pablo Ignacio , Lambertucci Sergio Agustin 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundOrganic waste is one of the most important anthropogenic food subsidies used by different species. However, there is little information about the health impact that rubbish dumps produce on species foraging in these sites.MethodsWe studied the effect that rubbish dumps produce on the health of a scavenging bird from the Americas, the black vulture (Coragyps atratus). We sampled and studied clinical and biochemical parameters in 94 adult black vultures from two different sites in North Western Patagonia, a rubbish dump and the wild steppe.ResultsWe found differences in clinical and biochemical parameters between sites. Body mass was greater in individuals from the dump, whereas in the steppe there were more individuals clinically dehydrated. Biochemical parameters such as uric acid, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, glycaemia, globulins and haematocrit had higher values in individuals using the dump than in individuals from the steppe. Other biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase and urea were higher in individuals from the steppe than in individuals from the dump.DiscussionForaging in organic waste could be considered beneficial for black vultures because they increase body mass and parameters associated to nutritional status like calcium and haematocrit. However, foraging in dumps can also affect their health status due to nutritional problems, potential kidney damage or infections that are signalled by the higher values of glycaemia, uric acid and globulins found in individuals from the dump. Our results highlight the contrasting effects that rubbish dumps may produce on wildlife health. They are relevant to different species using these sites, and are also an additional instrument for managing waste.
Inclusion of All Students in General Education? International Appeal for A More Temperate Approach to Inclusion
Authors: Kauffman James M. , Felder Marion , Ahrbeck Bernd , Badar Jeanmarie , Schneiders Katrin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIncluding students with disabilities in general education when appropriate is an important goal of special education. However, inclusion is not as important as effective instruction, which must be the first concern of education, general or special. Full inclusion, the claim that all students with disabilities are best placed in general education with needed supports, is a world-wide issue. Full inclusion does not serve the best interests of all students with disabilities. Including all students in the common enterprise of learning is more important than where students are taught.
Boundary Element Modeling of Two‐Plate Interaction at Subduction Zones: Scaling Laws and Application to the Aleutian Subduction Zone
Authors: Gerardi G. , Ribe N. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis work uses the boundary element method (BEM) to explore the dynamics of subduction of a dense lithospheric plate (subducting plate, SP) beneath an overriding plate (OP). For simplicity, the model is two dimensional, the plates are purely viscous, and the ambient fluid is infinitely deep. The negative buoyancy of the slab is the only driving force of the system. First, we study the SP kinematics focusing on two characteristic instantaneous velocities: the convergence speed (VConv) of the descending slab and the horizontal plate speed (USP) of the flat portion of the SP. We find that VConv is entirely controlled by the slab's geometry, by the width of the lubrication layer d2 separating the SP and the OP, and by the SP's flexural stiffness St. Turning to USP, we find that this parameter depends not only on d2 and St but also on the lengths LSP and LOP of the two plates. The dependence of USP on LSP is exactly logarithmic, both with and without an OP. Next, we explore the deformation of the OP, which occurs by a combination of extension/compression and bending. The OP deformation is compression dominated close to the trench and bending dominated along the remaining portion of the OP that undergoes significant deformation. For a positively buoyant OP, backarc extension is also observed. Finally, we estimate the subduction interface viscosity ηSI of the central Aleutian subduction zone, running our BEM model with the appropriate geometry according to Lallemand et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC000917). We find ηSI = (0.96–1.72) ×1020 Pa s.
Managing the Cascading Risks of Droughts: Institutional Adaptation in Transboundary River Basins
Authors: Garrick Dustin E. , Schlager Edella , De Stefano Lucia , Villamayor‐Tomas Sergio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTransboundary river basins experience complex coordination challenges during droughts. The multiscale nature of drought creates potential for spillovers when upstream adaptation decisions have cascading impacts on downstream regions. This paper advances the institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework to examine drought adaptation decision‐making in a multijurisdictional context. We integrate concepts of risk management into the IAD framework to characterize drought across its natural and human dimensions. A global analysis identifies regions where severe droughts combine with institutional fragmentation to require coordinated adaptation. We apply the risk‐based IAD framework to examine drought adaptation in the Rio Bravo/Grande—an archetypical transboundary river shared by the United States and Mexico and by multiple states within each country. The analysis draws on primary data and a questionnaire with 50 water managers in four distinct, yet interlinked, “institutional catchments,” which vary in terms of their drought characteristics, socioeconomic attributes, and governance arrangements. The results highlight the heterogeneity of droughts and uneven distribution of their impacts due to the interplay of drought hazards and institutional fragmentation. Transboundary water sharing agreements influence the types and sequence of interactions between upstream and downstream jurisdictions, which we describe as spillovers that involve both conflict and cooperation. Interdependent jurisdictions often draw on informal decision‐making venues (e.g., data sharing, operational decisions) due to the higher transaction costs and uncertainty associated with courts and planning processes, yet existing coordination and conflict resolution venues have proven insufficient for severe, sustained droughts. Observatories will be needed to measure and manage the cascading risks of drought.
Temperature Dependent Epitaxial Growth of C60 Overlayers on Single Crystal Pentacene
Authors: Nakayama Yasuo , Tsuruta Ryohei , Hinderhofer Alexander , Mizuno Yuta , Broch Katharina , Gerlach Alexander , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Hosokai Takuya , Schreiber Frank 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHeteroepitaxy of one material onto another molecular single crystal surface is one promising route for resolving questions about formation criteria of molecular heterojunction structures as well as for the development of next‐generation organic electronic devices allowing efficient intermolecular charge carrier exchange. In the present work, the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane crystallinity of an epitaxial molecular p–n heterojunction, C60 (acceptor) overlayers formed on the single crystal surface of pentacene (donor), and its evolution, depending on the growth temperature, are systematically elucidated. It is demonstrated that the crystallinity of the C60 on pentacene is dominated by the temperature during the growth rather than the postannealing of the sample. The mean crystallite size in the in‐plane directions grows from 50 to 150 nm proportionally to the growth temperature in a range of 125–370 K. The present results suggest that the formation mechanisms of the C60/pentacene heterojunction are kinetically controlled, by diffusion processes at the molecular interface, rather than by the thermal equilibrium conditions.
Modeling Inherently Homogeneous Sintering Processes
Authors: Raether Friedrich , Seifert Gerhard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel Monte Carlo model for the simulation of sintering processes is introduced. Different from previous models, local interface curvature is considered in the acceptance of diffusion steps. This enables the investigation of the effects of interface energies on the sintering process. Sintering paths are calculated for various microstructures and interface energies. Results are interpreted in the framework of thermodynamic criteria for homogeneous sintering processes which were presented recently.
A Nacre‐Like Carbon Nanotube Sheet for High Performance Li‐Polysulfide Batteries with High Sulfur Loading
Authors: Pan Zheng‐Ze , Lv Wei , He Yan‐Bing , Zhao Yan , Zhou Guangmin , Dong Liubing , Niu Shuzhang , Zhang Chen , Lyu Ruiyang , Wang Cong , Shi Huifa , Zhang Wenjie , Kang Feiyu , Nishihara Hirotomo , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems for next‐generation electric vehicles because of their high‐energy density. However, the poor cyclic stability, especially at a high sulfur loading, is the major obstacles retarding their practical use. Inspired by the nacre structure of an abalone, a similar configuration consisting of layered carbon nanotube (CNT) matrix and compactly embedded sulfur is designed as the cathode for Li‐S batteries, which are realized by a well‐designed unidirectional freeze‐drying approach. The compact and lamellar configuration with closely contacted neighboring CNT layers and the strong interaction between the highly conductive network and polysulfides have realized a high sulfur loading with significantly restrained polysulfide shuttling, resulting in a superior cyclic stability and an excellent rate performance for the produced Li‐S batteries. Typically, with a sulfur loading of 5 mg cm−2, the assembled batteries demonstrate discharge capacities of 1236 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, 498 mAh g−1 at 2 C and moreover, when the sulfur loading is further increased to 10 mg cm−2 coupling with a carbon‐coated separator, a superhigh areal capacity of 11.0 mAh cm−2 is achieved.
Feminist Organizing in Rural Nicaragua: Assessing a Psychosocial Process to Promote Empowered Solidarity
Authors: Dutt Anjali 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study examines a psychosocial process linking women's involvement in a grassroots women's organization with skills and experiences to promote empowered solidarity. Empowered solidarity is described as a process of increasing the sense of connection and capacity to create social transformation among a group of people united by interest in addressing a social issue. Data collected and analyzed for this research were 298 quantitative surveys conducted with two groups of women living in rural Nicaragua. One group of women were members of a grassroots feminist organization, and the other group lived in nearby communities where the organization did not offer programs. Findings document higher levels of leadership skills and sense of community, and lower levels of powerlessness among members of the organization. Additionally, tests of a process model using structural equation modeling provides support for a model that links involvement in the organization to women's increased interest in, capacity and experience in working to support women, broadly. Overall findings from this research are valuable to both community psychologists and groups seeking to enhance social justice and uphold feminist values of equity and community well‐being.
Deprotonative Generation of Cyclohexynes from Cyclic Enol Triflates Using Aluminate Bases
Authors: Hioki Yuto , Yukioka Taro , Okano Kentaro , Mori Atsunori 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDeprotonative generation of cyclohexynes was achieved by treatment of the corresponding enol triflates with lithium triisobutyl(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino)aluminate as a base. Six‐membered enol triflates involving an ester and a cyano group were converted to the corresponding cyclohexynes at 60 °C. The reaction conditions were applied to [3+2] cycloaddition with a nitrone to form the isoxazoline.
Staff and family attitudes to fences as a means of detaining people with dementia in residential aged care settings: The tension between physical and emotional safety
Authors: Dreyfus Shoshana , Phillipson Lyn , Fleming Richard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study investigates staff and family attitudes towards the use of the fences that surround many aged care facilities in Australia, in the context of indefinite detention of people with dementia. This indefinite detention has been described in a report from an Australian Senate Inquiry as “a significant problem within the aged care context”, which “is often informal, unregulated and unlawful”. Five focus groups comprising direct care workers, family members, nurse unit managers and facility managers discussed the reasons for and their attitudes towards fences. The results show a tension between the provision of physical and emotional safety. This is to say that even while it is illegal to detain people with dementia against their will, and even while participants understood the negative impact of fences on the well‐being and emotional safety of people with dementia, they accepted and supported the presence of perimeter fences because they provided the perception that fences kept people with dementia physically safe. This has implications for redressing the balance between physical and emotional safety in policy and practice.
The “Belt and Road Initiative” and comparative regional productivity in China
Authors: Gibson John , Li Chao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe study potential internal effects of China's Belt and Road Initiative. These effects may occur sooner than the international effects, since they face no delay from partner negotiations and from financing and security concerns. For a key part of the overland Silk Road Economic Belt, we identify 46 prefectural‐level units in a corridor from the China–Kazakh border to Xi'an that are likely to see increased investment and economic activity from Belt and Road. These units are smaller, more diverse, poorer, and less productive than are prefectural‐level units in the rest of China. The Belt and Road Initiative will disperse some economic activity to places that the market would not direct it, such as to this corridor. Given that these areas are less productive and are likely to have lower absorptive capacity, investments here will have an efficiency cost since they should yield more GDP if deployed elsewhere in China.
Mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese population
Authors: Wang Lihua , Lv Hong , Ji Pei , Zhu Xun , Yuan Hua , Jin Guangfu , Dai Juncheng , Hu Zhibin , Su Yuxiong , Ma Hongxia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMitochondria show the special role in cellular bioenergy and many essential physiological activities. Previous researches have suggested that variations of mitochondrial DNA copy number contribute to development of different types of carcinomas. However, the relationship of mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) with the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is still inconclusive. We investigated the association of mtDNA with HNSCC risk through a case–control study including 570 HNSCC cases and 597 cancer‐free controls. mtDNA copy number in PBLs was measured by real‐time qPCR. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between the mtDNA copy number in PBLs and HNSCC risk. A U‐shaped relation between the mtDNA copy number and HNSCC risk was found. Compared with those in the second quartile group, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for those in the first and the forth quartile groups were 1.95 (1.37–2.76) and 2.16 (1.53–3.04), respectively. Using restricted cubic spline analysis, we confirmed such a significant U‐shaped relation. Furthermore, the U‐shaped association remained significant in different subgroups stratified by age, gender, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption. Both extremely low and high mtDNA copy numbers had significant associations with the increased HNSCC risk.