bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene on initially wet and dry ammonium sulfate particles at moderate relative humidity
Authors: Liu Tengyu , Huang Dan Dan , Li Zijun , Liu Qianyun , Chan ManNin , Chan Chak K. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been widely studied in the presence of dry seed particles at low relative humidity (RH). At higher RH, initially dry seed particles can exist as wet particles due to water uptake by the seeds as well as the SOA. Here, we investigated the formation of SOA from the photooxidation of toluene using an oxidation flow reactor in the absence of NOx under a range of OH exposures on initially wet or dry ammonium sulfate (AS) seed particles at an RH of 68 %. The ratio of the SOA yield on wet AS seeds to that on dry AS seeds, the relative SOA yield, decreased from 1.31 ± 0.02 at an OH exposure of 4.66 × 1010 molecules cm−3 s to 1.01 ± 0.01 at an OH exposure of 5.28 × 1011 molecules cm−3 s. This decrease may be due to the early deliquescence of initially dry AS seeds after being coated by highly oxidized toluene-derived SOA. SOA formation lowered the deliquescence RH of AS and resulted in the uptake of water by both AS and SOA. Hence the initially dry AS seeds contained aerosol liquid water (ALW) soon after SOA formed, and the SOA yield and ALW approached those of the initially wet AS seeds as OH exposure and ALW increased, especially at high OH exposure. However, a higher oxidation state of the SOA on initially wet AS seeds than that on dry AS seeds was observed at all levels of OH exposure. The difference in mass fractions of m ∕ z 29, 43 and 44 of SOA mass spectra, obtained using an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), indicated that SOA formed on initially wet seeds may be enriched in earlier-generation products containing carbonyl functional groups at low OH exposures and later-generation products containing acidic functional groups at high exposures. Our results suggest that inorganic dry seeds become at least partially deliquesced particles during SOA formation and hence that ALW is inevitably involved in the SOA formation at moderate RH. More laboratory experiments conducted with a wide variety of SOA precursors and inorganic seeds under different NOx and RH conditions are warranted.
Exploring the biogeophysical limits of global food production under different climate change scenarios
Authors: de Vrese Philipp , Stacke Tobias , Hagemann Stefan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. An adapted Earth system model is used to investigate the limitations that future climate and water availability impose on
the potential expansion and productivity of croplands. The model maximizes the cropland area under prevailing climate
conditions and accounts for an optimized, sustainable irrigation practice, thus allowing us to consider the two-way feedback
between climate and agriculture. For three greenhouse gas concentration scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5), we show that
the total cropland area could be extended substantially throughout the 21st century, especially in South America and
sub-Saharan Africa, where the rising water demand resulting from increasing temperatures can largely be met by increasing
precipitation and irrigation rates. When accounting for the CO2 fertilization effect, only a few agricultural areas
have to be abandoned owing to declines in productivity, while increasing temperatures allow for the expansion of croplands even into
high northern latitudes. Without the CO2 fertilization effect there is no increase in the overall cropland
fraction during the second half of the century but areal losses in increasingly water-stressed regions can be
compensated for
by an expansion in regions that were previously too cold. However, global yields are more sensitive and, without the
benefits of CO2 fertilization, they may decrease when greenhouse gas concentrations exceed the RCP4.5
scenario. For certain regions the situation is even more concerning and guaranteeing food security in dry areas in
Northern Africa, the Middle East and South Asia will become increasingly difficult, even for the idealized scenarios
investigated in this study.
Structural analysis of traditional Chinese hidden-keyhole padlocks
Authors: Hsiao Kuo-Hung 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Hidden-keyhole padlocks use a plate or some other means to cover the keyhole
and are a category of traditional Chinese padlocks. The topological
structures of traditional hidden-keyhole padlocks have distinct arrangements
in the operation. Therefore, they are reconfigurable mechanisms. This paper
presents the structures of traditional Chinese hidden-keyhole padlocks, which
were popular and had abundant types. The structural characteristics of
hidden-keyhole padlocks are described first. Then, the representation for
kinematic pairs appeared in operating steps is introduced. The variable
chains of hidden-keyhole padlocks are presented by using the representation
of kinematic pairs, from which all topology variabilities of hidden-keyhole
padlocks in the operation are derived. Four main types of hidden-keyhole
padlocks are provided as examples to illustrate the configuration
transformations. This work presents a useful procedure to indicate and
analyze the topology variabilities of hidden-keyhole padlocks.
Losing Ireland, Inventing America: O'Neill and After
Authors: Kiberd Declan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
O'Neill's Long Day's Journey Into Night has had a palpable influence on subsequent Irish plays by artists as different as Tom Murphy (A Whistle in the Dark) and Brian Friel (Faith Healer). Its obsession with fog and foghorns is a leitmotif through Behan's The Quare Fellow. But the prevailing metaphor of a fog people, doomed to stammer a broken poetry ever since they lost their lives in the Unconscious of the underwater world and were cast up gasping on land, has also powerfully inspired Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill's poetic sequence The Fifty-Minute Mermaid. In a similar way, the depiction of a property-hungry, frustrated paterfamilias in the Moran of McGahern's Amongst Women is hugely indebted to the figure of James Tyrone. The various phases of Irish history, Anglo-Irish and mere Irish, are condensed into the story of the Tyrone family—and the influence of the famous play extends across all literary genres of recent Irish writing, not drama alone.
Setting Up an ePathology Service at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi: Joint Collaboration With Cleveland Clinic, United States
Authors: Nahal Ayoub , Batac Crystal Mildred O. , Slaw Renee J. , Bauer Thomas W. 
Published: April 2018

Context.—
The production of whole slide images is the most advanced form of digital pathology, in which a high-resolution digital scanner is used to rapidly scan glass microscope slides and produce a computer-generated whole slide image that can be saved, stored in a network-attached storage device, and accessed through slide management software within the hospital domain and remotely by authorized users. Digital transformation of glass slides has revolutionized the practice of anatomic pathology by facilitating and expediting consultative services, improving clinical workflow, and becoming an indispensable tool in education and research.

Objective.—
To highlight the institutional need of Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates) and the cultural background for obtaining the United Arab Emirates' first comprehensive digital pathology program; to describe a multiphase road map for achieving full implementation of this platform; and to describe the system's clinical applications and its future potential growth.

Data Sources.—
At Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, we prioritized our efforts to initiate digital consultations (eConsultations) and digital immunohistochemistry services (eIHC) with Cleveland Clinic Laboratories (Cleveland, Ohio). After this, we established an internal archiving system together with a subspecialty-based, organ-specific digital library of pathologic diseases.

Conclusions.—
We describe the strategic adoption and implementation of digital pathology into the clinical workflow of the pathology and laboratory medicine institute of Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, and we highlight its impact on clinical operations, educational activities, and patient care.
Efficiency of the Ocluch©MAD in the treatment of patients with OSAS and its association with craniofacial morphology
Authors: Becerra Nilda , Firmani Mónica , Valencia Emilia , Cazenave Lissette , Sotomayor Claudio , Espinosa Paula , Salinas Juan Carlos , Florea Diana 
Published: April 2018

Objective: This study uses polysomnography and the Epworth sleepiness scale to assess the efficiency of the Ocluch©MAD in patients with Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS), on overall respiratory disturbance indices (RDI), supine respiratory disturbance index (SRDI), minimum oxygen saturation, microarousals, CT90 (or ID90), sleep efficacy and snoring. These data are associated with skeletal class and facial biotype in order to establish predictive parameters for its effectiveness according to craniofacial morphology.
Methods: 22 adult patients (between 38 and 60 years of age) of both sexes (7 women, 15 men) diagnosed with OSAS in the Hospital de Carabineros de Chile (HOSCAR) Neurology Unit were recruited and given the Ocluch© MAD in the hospital’s dental clinic, for its use during a three-month period. Patients were assess at the beginning and in the end of this period.
Results: 87.5% of patients with mild OSAS achieved the success criterion and normalization; 71.5% of patients with moderate OSAS achieved the success criterion and 33.3% achieved normalization; 85.7% of patients with severe OSAS achieved the success criterion and 57.1% achieved normalization. All class I and mesofacial patients achieved normalization, but class II patients had the greatest proportional improvement.
Conclusions: The Ocluch MAD is an efficient low-cost alternative that should be considered among the therapeutic arsenal for a multidisciplinary approach to treating this disease.
Sleep respiratory disturbances during the ascent to Mount Aconcagua
Authors: Ortiz-Naretto Alvaro Emilio , Pereiro Miriam Patricia , Ernst Glenda , Borsini Eduardo Enrique 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Mountaineers exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) show high-altitude periodic breathing (PB).
Objective: To analyze high-altitude PB during the ascent of Mount Aconcagua (Argentina).
Materials and Methods: Descriptive study in healthy volunteers using respiratory polygraphy (RP) at different altitudes.
Results: We studied 8 andinist, mean age: 36 years old (25-51), body mass index (BMI) of 23.6 (20.9-28.7) and 22.77 (20.9-27.7) upon return,p<0.01. RP without PB showed a lower Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) and a lower Apnea-Hypopnea-Index (AHI); 5.43 (0 - 20) versus 45.95 (2-122) p<0.001 and 3.9 (0-15.5) versus 44.35 (4-115) p<0.001. AHI increased with altitude at the expense of central apneas and hypopneas: p<0.05.
Conclusion: High-altitude PB is frequent above 2,581m.a.s.l. And it is characterized by short cycles. None of the mountaineers showed PB at baseline; however, high-altitude PB occurred in all subjects above 4,900 m.a.s.l
Modelling Truck Weigh Stations’ Locations based on Truck Traffic Flow and Overweight Violation: A Case Study in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kulović Mirsad , Injac Zoran , Davidović Slavko , Posavac Ivo 
Published: April 2018

The number of registered commercial freight vehicles is constantly increasing, increasing therefore as well the traffic load on the roads in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A significant part of freight vehicles moving along the main and regional roads are overloaded and cause significant damage to road infrastructure, affect road safety and result in an increase of emissions of harmful gases for people and the environment. The overloading rate is extremely high, in particular with 5-axle trucks representing 58.7%. The research showed that the increased overload level ranges from 10-20% of the maximum permissible weight. The importance of load limits was recognized early in the history of road development. This interrelation led directly to limitations on vehicle loads, and laws were enacted in many countries to establish the maximum allowable motor vehicle sizes and weights. Strict enforcement of motor vehicle size and weight laws is a step toward reducing motor vehicle size and weight violations, heavy truck accidents, and, even more, improving road maintenance, rehabilitation expenditures and road safety. Thus, based on the applied model the objective of this paper is to evaluate and optimize the locations of truck weigh stations on the road network of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Neural Network Based Vehicular Location Prediction Model for Cooperative Active Safety Systems
Authors: Dörterler Murat , Bay Ömer Faruk 
Published: April 2018

Safety systems detect unsafe conditions and provide warnings for travellers to take action and avoid crashes. Estimation of the geographical location of a moving vehicle as to where it will be positioned next with high precision and short computation time is crucial for identifying dangers. To this end, navigational and dynamic data of a vehicle are processed in connection with the data received from neighbouring vehicles and infrastructure in the same vicinity. In this study, a vehicular location prediction model was developed using an artificial neural network for cooperative active safety systems. The model is intended to have a constant, shorter computation time as well as higher accuracy features. The performance of the proposed model was measured with a real-time testbed developed in this study. The results are compared with the performance of similar studies and the proposed model is shown to deliver a better performance than other models.
Shifting reef fish assemblages along a depth gradient in Pohnpei, Micronesia
Authors: Coleman Richard R. , Copus Joshua M. , Coffey Daniel M. , Whitton Robert K. , Bowen Brian W. 
Published: April 2018

Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) continue to be understudied, especially in island locations spread across the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Pohnpei is the largest island in the Federated States of Micronesia, with a well-developed barrier reef, and steep slopes that descend to more than 1,000 m. Here we conducted visual surveys along a depth gradient of 0 to 60 m in addition to video surveys that extend to 130 m, with 72 belt transects and 12 roving surveys using closed-circuit rebreathers, to test for changes in reef fish composition from shallow to mesophotic depths. We observed 304 fish species across 47 families with the majority confined to shallow habitat. Taxonomic and trophic positions at 30 m showed similar compositions when compared against all other depths. However, assemblages were comprised of a distinct shallow (<30 m) and deep (>30 m) group, suggesting 30 m as a transition zone between these communities. Shallow specialists had a high probability of being herbivores and deep specialists had a higher probability of being planktivores. Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes), Holocentridae (soldierfishes), and Labridae (wrasses) were associated primarily with shallow habitat, while Pomacentridae (damselfishes) and Serranidae (groupers) were associated with deep habitat. Four species may indicate Central Pacific mesophotic habitat:Chromis circumaurea, Luzonichthys seaver, Odontanthias borbonius,and an undescribed slopefish (Symphysanodon sp.). This study supports the 30 m depth profile as a transition zone between shallow and mesophotic ecosystems (consistent with accepted definitions of MCEs), with evidence of multiple transition zones below 30 m. Disturbances restricted to either region are not likely to immediately impact the other and both ecosystems should be considered separately in management of reefs near human population centers.
Commissioning an in‐room mobile CT for adaptive proton therapy with a compact proton system
Authors: Oliver Jasmine A. , Zeidan Omar , Meeks Sanford L. , Shah Amish P. , Pukala Jason , Kelly Patrick , Ramakrishna Naren R. , Willoughby Twyla R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeTo describe the commissioning of AIRO mobile CT system (AIRO) for adaptive proton therapy on a compact double scattering proton therapy system.MethodsA Gammex phantom was scanned with varying plug patterns, table heights, and mAs on a CT simulator (CT Sim) and on the AIRO. AIRO‐specific CT‐stopping power ratio (SPR) curves were created with a commonly used stoichiometric method using the Gammex phantom. A RANDO anthropomorphic thorax, pelvis, and head phantom, and a CIRS thorax and head phantom were scanned on the CT Sim and AIRO. Clinically realistic treatment plans and nonclinical plans were generated on the CT Sim images and subsequently copied onto the AIRO CT scans for dose recalculation and comparison for various AIRO SPR curves. Gamma analysis was used to evaluate dosimetric deviation between both plans.ResultsAIRO CT values skewed toward solid water when plugs were scanned surrounded by other plugs in phantom. Low‐density materials demonstrated largest differences. Dose calculated on AIRO CT scans with stoichiometric‐based SPR curves produced over‐ranged proton beams when large volumes of low‐density material were in the path of the beam. To create equivalent dose distributions on both data sets, the AIRO SPR curve's low‐density data points were iteratively adjusted to yield better proton beam range agreement based on isodose lines. Comparison of the stoichiometric‐based AIRO SPR curve and the “dose‐adjusted” SPR curve showed slight improvement on gamma analysis between the treatment plan and the AIRO plan for single‐field plans at the 1%, 1 mm level, but did not affect clinical plans indicating that HU number differences between the CT Sim and AIRO did not affect dose calculations for robust clinical beam arrangements.ConclusionBased on this study, we believe the AIRO can be used offline for adaptive proton therapy on a compact double scattering proton therapy system.
3D Microfluidic Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Chips Fabricated by All‐Femtosecond‐Laser‐Processing for Real‐Time Sensing of Toxic Substances
Authors: Bai Shi , Serien Daniela , Hu Anming , Sugioka Koji 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel all‐femtosecond‐laser‐processing technique is proposed for the fabrication of 2D periodic metal nanostructures inside 3D glass microfluidic channels, which have applications to real‐time surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In the present study, 3D glass microfluidic channels are fabricated by femtosecond‐laser‐assisted wet etching. This is followed by the space‐selective formation of Cu‐Ag layered thin films inside the microfluidic structure via femtosecond laser direct writing ablation and electroless metal plating. The Cu‐Ag films are subsequently nanostructured by irradiation with linearly polarized beams to form periodic surface structures. This work demonstrates that a double exposure to laser beams having orthogonal polarization directions can generate arrays of layered Cu‐Ag nanodots with dimensions as small as 25% of the laser wavelength. The resulting SERS microchip is able to detect Rhodamine 6G, exhibiting an enhancement factor of 7.3 × 108 in conjunction with a relative standard deviation of 8.88%. This 3D microfluidic chip is also found to be capable of the real‐time SERS detection of Cd2+ ions at concentrations as low as 10 ppb in the presence of crystal violet. This technique shows significant promise for the fabrication of high performance microfluidic SERS platforms for the real‐time sensing of toxic substances with ultrahigh sensitivity.
Bringing Hetero‐Polyacid‐Based Underwater Adhesive as Printable Cathode Coating for Self‐Powered Electrochromic Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Du Zhanglei , Song Zhengyi , Li Bao , Wu Lixin , Liu Qingping , Zhang Houyu , Li Wen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe advent of electrochromic aqueous batteries represents a promising trend in the development of smart and environmentally friendly energy storage devices. However, it remains a great challenge to integrate electrochromic, flexible, and patterned features into a single battery unit through a simple operation. Herein, an entirely new class of hetero‐polyacid‐based underwater adhesives is designed and synthesized by combining the redox properties of hetero‐polyacids and the water‐resistant binding of adhesives in single system. The hybrid underwater adhesives not only serve as printable electrode coatings in aqueous solution but also offer unique electrochromic feature for guiding the convenient fabrication of self‐powered electrochromic aqueous battery. The reversible discharging and H2O2 assistant charging behavior is also demonstrated. This kind of wet and electrochromic adhesive with excellent toleration of mechanical deformation offers great promise in developing flexible and smart energy storage configuration, which provides a user‐device interface platform allowing one to evaluate the battery's charging state based on the naked eye–visible change in color.
Dynamic Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Temporally Modulated High Injectability and Stability Using a Biocompatible Catalyst
Authors: Lou Junzhe , Liu Fang , Lindsay Christopher D. , Chaudhuri Ovijit , Heilshorn Sarah C. , Xia Yan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInjectable and biocompatible hydrogels have become increasingly important for cell transplantation to provide mechanical protection of cells during injection and a stable scaffold for cell adhesion post‐injection. Injectable hydrogels need to be easily pushed through a syringe needle and quickly recover to a gel state, thus generally requiring noncovalent or dynamic cross‐linking. However, a dilemma exists in the design of dynamic hydrogels: hydrogels with fast exchange of cross‐links are easier to eject using less force, but lack long‐term stability; in contrast, slow exchange of cross‐links improves stability, but compromises injectability and thus the ability to protect cells under flow. A new concept to resolve this dilemma using a biocompatible catalyst to modulate the dynamic properties of hydrogels at different time points of application to have both high injectability and high stability is presented. Hyaluronic acid based hydrogels are formed through dynamic covalent hydrazone cross‐linking in the presence of a biocompatible benzimidazole‐based catalyst. The catalyst accelerates the formation and exchange of hydrazone bonds, enhancing injectability, but rapidly diffuses away from the hydrogel after injection to retard the exchange and improve the long‐term stability for cell culture.
High Rate Production of Clean Water Based on the Combined Photo‐Electro‐Thermal Effect of Graphene Architecture
Authors: Cui Linfan , Zhang Panpan , Xiao Yukun , Liang Yuan , Liang Hanxue , Cheng Zhihua , Qu Liangti 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe use of abundant solar energy for regeneration and desalination of water is a promising strategy to address the challenge of a global shortage of clean water. Progress has been made to develop photothermal materials to improve the solar steam generation performance. However, the mass production rate of water is still low. Herein, by a rational combination of photo‐electro‐thermal effect on an all‐graphene hybrid architecture, solar energy can not only be absorbed fully and transferred into heat, but also converted into electric power to further heat up the graphene skeleton frame for a much enhanced generation of water vapor. As a result, the unique graphene evaporator reaches a record high water production rate of 2.01–2.61 kg m−2 h−1 under solar illumination of 1 kW m−2 even without system optimization. Several square meters of the graphene evaporators will provide a daily water supply that is enough for tens of people. The combination of photo‐electro‐thermal effect on graphene materials offers a new strategy to build a fast and scalable solar steam generation system, which makes an important step towards a solution for the scarcity of clean water.