bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome and rehabilitation of patients following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Shukla Dhaval 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a dreaded neurosurgical disorder. Although the mortality has been declining in the past three decades, the disability after SAH is still significant. The main determinants of outcome are age, clinical grade, amount of SAH and size of aneurysm. Both neurophysical deficits and neuropsychological impairments are determinants of functional outcome after SAH. Patients should be assessed using outcome measures for both traumatic brain injury and stroke. Early rehabilitation after SAH improves not only physical outcome but also cognitive and functional outcome.
Brain and heart connections: The trigeminocardiac reflex!
Authors: Singh Gyaninder , Chowdhury Tumul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTrigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a well-established neurogenic reflex although its exact mechanism and clinical significance remain unclear. This reflex may be incited by stimulation of the trigeminal nerve anywhere along its course starting from the peripheral distribution to the central nucleus. It usually manifests as bradycardia, asystole, hypotension, apnoea and gastric hypermotility; though other clinical manifestation such as tachycardia and hypertension may also occur. Diving reflex (DR) shares many similarities with TCR in both clinical manifestation and mechanism of action and is often considered as a modified or subtype of TCR. DR is an important physiological adaptation to withstand hypoxia during apnoea in many animal species including humans and thus belongs to a group of oxygen-conserving reflexes. Although TCR is a physiological reflex having protective function, an exaggerated response may have fatal consequences. Surgeries or stimulation involving head, neck and face region (area supplied by trigeminal nerve) are particularly prone to provoke this reflex. Vigilant and continuous monitoring for early identification of warning signs and communication with surgeon to interrupt the stimulus immediately is enough to cease the reflex in most of the cases. However, failure to identify and treat in time may have deleterious consequences and thus TCR has gained much attention and awareness in recent years. Over the last two decades, our knowledge on TCR has expanded but we still remain far from complete elucidation of pathophysiology, mechanism and clinical significance of this unique ‘brain and heart connection’ called TCR.
Assessment of the role of gabapentin in patients with supratentorial tumours undergoing craniotomy under general anaesthesia: A double-blind randomised study
Authors: Soliman Rabie , Zohry Gomaa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Gabapentin attenuates the haemodynamics, decreases the catecholamine release and has a neuroprotective effect. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of gabapentin in patients with supratentorial brain tumours undergoing craniotomy under general anaesthesia. Methods: A radial arterial line, central venous line and ventriculostomy catheters were inserted before surgery. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopental, fentanyl and atracurium and maintained with sevoflurane, fentanyl and atracurium infusion. The study included 160 patients classified randomly into two groups: Group G: The patients received gabapentin capsules 1200 mg orally 2 h before surgery. Group C: The patients received placebo capsules. Results: The heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure decreased significantly with gabapentin as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The dose of fentanyl and end-tidal sevoflurane was lower with gabapentin than the control group (P < 0.05). The urine output was higher in the gabapentin group than the control group (P < 0.05). The Glasgow coma scale score was better in the gabapentin group as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was lower in the gabapentin group as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Pre-operative administration of gabapentin in patients undergoing craniotomy under general anaesthesia minimised the fluctuations in haemodynamics, reduced the requirements for sevoflurane and fentanyl, decreased intracranial pressure and improved the outcomes. There were some side effects associated with gabapentin such as hypotension and bradycardia.
Cervical spine movement during intubation
Authors: Swain Amlan , Sahu Seelora , Swain Bhanu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere have been growing concerns following documented instances of neurological deterioration in patients with cervical spine injury as a result of intubation. A significant body of evidence has since evolved with the primary objective of ascertaining the safest way of securing the endotracheal tube in patients with suspected and proven cervical injury. The search for a mode of intubation producing the least movement at the cervical spine is an ongoing process and is limited by logistic and ethical issues. The ensuing review is an attempt to review available evidence on cervical movements during intubation and to comprehensively outline the movement at the cervical spine with a wide plethora of intubation aids. Literature search was sourced from digital libraries including PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar in addition to the standard textbooks of Anaesthesiology. The keywords used in literature search included ‘cervical spine motion,’ ‘neurological deterioration,’ ‘intubation biomechanics,’ ‘direct laryngoscopy,’ ‘flexible fibreoptic intubation,’ ‘video laryngoscopes’ and ‘craniocervical motion.’ The scientific information in this review is expected to assist neuroanaesthesiologists for planning airway management in patients with neurological injury as well as to direct further research into this topic which has significant clinical and patient safety implications.
Critical care of subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Souter Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSubarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a consistent presentation of haemorrhagic stroke of significance to clinicians in neurocritical care, inducing consequent effects on non-neurological systems, while at the same time, rendering the brain vulnerable to secondary physiological insult modifying neurological outcome, despite control of the original point of haemorrhage. Coordinated treatment depends on comprehensive evaluation of both cerebral and systemic physiology, identifying and treating impaired function. The presence of a dedicated neurocritical care team can benefit outcome. Protocols of care have evolved to meet evidence-based challenges, discarding potentially deleterious components of hypervolaemia and haemodilution, while maintaining pressure-guided perfusion. Treatment targets have also evolved with a shift in focus away from SAH-associated vasospasm, towards actual ischaemic outcome – illustrated by lack of effectiveness of pharmaceutical treatments of vasospasm. Clinicians must consequently review pathophysiological mechanisms of injury and devise new treatment opportunities.
Effect of intravenous midazolam on intracranial pressure during endotracheal suctioning in patients with severe head injury
Authors: Robin Metilda , Xavier Teenu , Anjusha T. , Kuriakose Merin , Agrawal Deepak 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) require elective ventilation and sedation to decrease intracranial pressure (ICP) and any increase in ICP may be detrimental for the outcome in these patients. Methods: This prospective study was done in a neurotrauma intensive care unit ( ICU )of a level 1 trauma centre in India over a one month period. All adult male patients with severe TBI on mechanical ventilation and monitored for ICP were included in this study. Baseline ICP was measured before starting endotracheal (ET) suctioning and serial readings were taken during and after ET suctioning. Patients were divided into two groups (control and intervention) with intervention group receiving intravenous bolus dose of 2 mg of midazolam before ET suction. Results: A total of 20 patients were enrolled during the study period. Both groups were well matched with regards to age and admission Glasgow coma scale (GCS). There were 10 patients in the midazolam group and 10 patients in the control group. The mean rise of ICP following ET suctioning in control group was found to be 24.1mm Hg ±11.1 as compared to 18.25 mm Hg ±-9.29 in the midazolam group ( P< 0.05). Conclusions: Significant rise in ICP from baseline occurs following ET suctioning in ventilated, severe TBI patients. Our study suggests that additional intravenous bolus of midazolam prior to suctioning may significantly reduce the rise in ICP and should be practiced by ICU nurses.
Materialiteit in de uitgebreide controleverklaring bij beursvennootschappen
Authors: Eijkelenboom Eva 
Published: January 2019

Sinds de uitbreiding van de controleverklaring verschaft de accountant meer inzicht aan de gebruikers van de jaarrekening over de door hem uitgevoerde controlewerkzaamheden. In de uitgebreide controleverklaring verstrekt de accountant onder meer informatie over de door hem gehanteerde materialiteit.
Dit artikel bevat een eerste verkenning van materialiteitsgegevens uit controleverklaringen bij de jaarrekeningen van 56 beursvennootschappen in de boekjaren 2014 tot en met 2017. Uit de resultaten van dit onderzoek volgt dat er door de Big 4-accountantsorganisaties sinds boekjaar 2014 een meer uniforme materialiteit gehanteerd wordt. Voorts blijkt dat de materialiteit gedurende de onderzoeksperiode na wisseling van accountantsorganisatie en/of extern accountant lager is dan indien er geen wisseling plaatsvond.
Ontwikkelingen in de kernpunten van de uitgebreide controleverklaring
Authors: Eimers Peter , Brouwer Arjan , Langendijk Henk 
Published: January 2019

Na de introductie van de uitgebreide controleverklaring in 2014 hebben wij twee jaar geleden een onderzoek uitgevoerd naar de uitgebreide controleverklaring bij de Nederlandse AEX- en Midkapfondsen over 2015 (Brouwer et al. 2016). Daarin kwamen het aantal en aard van de daarin opgenomen kernpunten aan de orde, alsmede de relatie met de genoemde risico’s in het bestuursverslag en de kritische grondslagen en schattingen zoals verwoord door het bestuur in de toelichting van de jaarrekening.
In het huidige vervolgonderzoek hebben wij ons gericht op de ontwikkeling van de kernpunten in de tijd ten opzichte van 2015. De uitgebreide controleverklaring is door stakeholders positief ontvangen, maar zij hebben ook specifieke wensen geuit ten aanzien van de inhoud. Hierbij kan onder meer gedacht worden aan resultaten, observaties en conclusies per kernpunt, alsook een introductie van kernpunten waarin de accountant uiteenzet waarom kernpunten van voorgaand jaar niet meer als kernpunt worden gezien (VEB 2017; Eumedion 2017). In de tussenliggende periode hebben de ondernemingen daarnaast ontwikkelingen in hun activiteiten, systemen en processen doorgemaakt en ook is er in een aantal gevallen sprake van een accountantswissel als gevolg van de verplichte kantoorroulatie. Daarom hebben wij de 44 fondsen die wij over 2015 hebben onderzocht over 2017 nogmaals de revue laten passeren. Komen dezelfde kernpunten na een paar jaar nog steeds terug? Worden ze anders geformuleerd? Kiest een opvolgend accountant voor andere kernpunten? Hebben accountants gehoor gegeven aan de wensen van stakeholders?
Uit ons empirisch onderzoek blijkt dat de (formulering van) kernpunten verder ontwikkeld is en accountants responsief zijn geweest op signalen van beleggers over de informatiewaarde van hun controleverklaringen. Van de onderzochte controleverklaringen heeft 90% inmiddels bijvoorbeeld observaties en conclusies per kernpunt gegeven en wordt uitgelegd waarom kernpunten van vorig boekjaar niet meer van toepassing zijn. Opvallend is dat de belastingpositie als kernpunt fors in frequentie is gedaald tussen 2015 en 2017. Dit geldt ook voor de eerstejaarscontrole. Voor het overige zijn de gekozen kernpunten qua frequentie relatief stabiel tussen 2015 en 2017.
An interactive atlas for marine biodiversity conservation in the Coral Triangle
Authors: Asaad Irawan , Lundquist Carolyn J. , Erdmann Mark V. , Costello Mark J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. An online atlas of the Coral Triangle region of the Indo-Pacific
biogeographic realm was developed. This online atlas consists of the three
interlinked parts: (1) Biodiversity Features; (2) Areas of Importance for
Biodiversity Conservation; (3) recommended priorities for Marine Protected
Area (MPA) Network Expansion (http://www.marine.auckland.ac.nz/CTMAPS).
The first map, Biodiversity Features, provides comprehensive data on the
region's marine protected areas and biodiversity features, threats, and
environmental characteristics. The second provides spatial information on
areas of high biodiversity conservation values, while the third map shows
priority areas for expanding the current Coral Triangle MPA network. This
atlas provides the most comprehensive biodiversity datasets that have been
assembled for the region. The datasets were retrieved and generated
systematically from various open-access sources. To engage a wider audience
and to raise participation in biodiversity conservation, the maps were
designed as an interactive and online atlas. This atlas presents
representative information to promote a better understanding of the key
marine and coastal biodiversity characteristics of the region and enables the
application of marine biodiversity informatics to support marine
ecosystem-based management in the Coral Triangle region.
Coupled wind turbine design and layout optimization with nonhomogeneous wind turbines
Authors: Stanley Andrew P. J. , Ning Andrew 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In this study, wind farms were optimized to show the benefit of coupling
complete turbine design and layout optimization as well as including two
different turbine designs in a fixed 1-to-1 ratio in a single wind farm. For
our purposes, the variables in each turbine optimization include hub height,
rotor diameter, rated power, tower diameter, tower shell thickness, and
implicit blade chord-and-twist distributions. A 32-turbine wind farm and a
60-turbine wind farm were both considered, as well as a variety of turbine
spacings and wind shear exponents. Structural constraints as well as turbine
costs were considered in the optimization. Results indicate that coupled
turbine design and layout optimization is superior to sequentially optimizing
turbine design, then turbine layout. Coupled optimization results in an
additional 2 %–5 % reduction in the cost of energy compared to
optimizing sequentially for wind farms with turbine spacings of 8.5–11 rotor
diameters. Smaller wind farms benefit even more from coupled optimization.
Furthermore, wind farms with closely spaced wind turbines can greatly benefit
from nonuniform turbine design throughout the farm. Some of these wind farms
with heterogeneous turbine design have an additional 10 % cost-of-energy
reduction compared to wind farms with identical turbines throughout the farm.
MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF NOVEL POLYISOBUTYLENE-BASED ELASTOMERIC POLYURETHANES BEFORE AND AFTER HYDROLYSIS
Authors: Kantor Jozsef , Collister Elizabeth A. , Puskas Judit E. , Mallamaci Michael P. , Comes Val C. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe mechanical performance of thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethanes (PUs) before and after hydrolysis is investigated. These new PUs were prepared with a new asymmetric polyisobutylene-diol (PIB-diol), without the use of solvents, and with short reaction times. The PUs were made with dicyclohexylmethane 4,4′-diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol in the hard segments and poly(hexamethylene carbonate) (PC)-diol and polyisobutylene (PIB)-diol in the soft segments. The functionality of PIB-diol was verified by mass spectrometry. Optimum solventless synthesis conditions and performance were found with a mixture of 50/50 PIB-diol/PC-diol (28.9 wt% PIB in the PU). This PU had 26.03 ± 1.19 MPa tensile strength with 286.92 ± 12.17% elongation before and 16.22 ± 0.65 with 301.17 ± 15.08% elongation after American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) hydrolytic stability testing. Importantly, after the hydrolytic stability testing, the stress–strain plot of this PIB–PU was similar to that of the control PC–PU. The PU with 70/30 PIB-diol/PC-diol (41.2 wt% PIB in the PU) performed slightly better but needed solvent during synthesis because of the high viscosity of the mixtures.
Implantação do programa de controle da Tuberculose na Unidade Básica de Saúde HCPA/Santa Cecília
Authors: Ben Ângela Jornada , Pustai Odalci José , Neumann Cristina Rolim , Oliveira Francisco Jorge Arsego Quadros de , Dalcin Paulo de Tarso Roth , Molina Carla 
Published: January 2019

Introdução: a regionalização do controle da tuberculose (TB) é uma das metas da Vigilância (CGVS) buscando reduzir os casos de abandono do tratamento e aumentar a taxa de diagnóstico. A análise dos resultados prévios das áreas a serem regionalizadas é importante para manter e ampliar a qualidade do controle da tuberculose, além de ser uma das etapas iniciais do planejamento da atenção à saúde. Objetivo: a regionalização do atendimento à TB na área da UBS HCPA visa: (1) descentralizar a estratégia de diagnóstico e tratamento da TB; (2) implantar um sistema coordenado de atenção com foco na atenção primária; (3) georreferenciar os pacientes para otimizar a vigilância local; (4) contribuir para o treinamento dos médicos residentes em medicina de família HCPA na área de gestão dos programas da atenção primária; e (5) contribuir na redução das taxas de abandono ao tratamento. Materiais e Métodos: Fase 1 - realizou-se a estimativa do número de casos, georreferenciamento dos casos notificados e a análise da coorte utilizando os dados históricos da região de abrangência da UBS HCPA no período de janeiro de 2004 até julho de 2008, data da implantação do serviço regionalizado buscando os indicadores de atenção deste período. Fase 2 – Foram criados fluxogramas de rastreamento, diagnóstico e tratamento e foi iniciado o atendimento sob supervisão. Resultados: a incidência média de TB nessa região é de aproximadamente 0,5/100.000hab/ano. Foram realizados mapas georeferenciados dos casos. Foram notificados 88 pacientes entre 1/2004 a 7/2008, sendo 55,7% da forma pulmonar (idade 39,6 ±16,8 anos), 37,5% extra-pulmonar (idade 48,2 ±17,5 anos) e o restante, formas mistas. Quanto ao local de diagnóstico: 1% na atenção primária, 89% na atenção secundária e os demais na atenção terciária. Nos casos de TB pulmonar, a baciloscopia foi positiva em 57,1% e não realizada em 18% dos casos. Com relação ao tratamento as taxas foram 75,1%, para cura e 8,5% de abandono. Os dados do início da implantação (3 meses) mostram a pesquisa de 25 sintomáticos respiratórios por mês, o diagnóstico de um caso novo e a busca ativa de 100% dos faltosos. Conclusões: os resultados prévios da área mostram taxas de sucesso e de abandono abaixo das metas estabelecidas. A taxa de diagnóstico na atenção primária é baixa. Em função disso a descentralização deve ser acompanhada por um aumento do rastreamento dos sintomáticos respiratórios e busca ativa dos contatos, visando aumentar o diagnóstico e o desenvolvimento de tratamento supervisionado (ADOT) buscando reduzir o abandono.
Study on Roll Restoring Arm Variation Using a Three-Dimensional Hybrid Panel Method
Authors: Bu Shu Xia , Gu Min , Abdel-Maksoud Moustafa 
Published: January 2019

Providing a reliable numerical tool for the prediction of parametric roll and pure loss of stability is a difficult task. It is acknowledged that the occurrence of these two failure modes is mainly attributed to the variation of roll restoring arm, which should be calculated accurately. This work studies exclusively the roll restoring arm variation numerically and experimentally. First, partially restrained experimental tests at different constant heeling angles (up to 30°) are conducted to measure the variation of roll restoring arm in regular waves. Second, a numerical method for the calculation of roll restoring arm in waves taking radiation and diffraction moments into account is adopted. The calculation results are benchmarked against experimental model test data. Third, the characteristics of roll restoring arm variation and the effects of radiation and diffraction moments on roll restoring arm variation (GZRD) in head and following seas are investigated. Finally, the feasibility of GZ calculated by the integral of instantaneously average wetted surface is studied by comparing the results with that calculated by the integral of the fully instantaneously wetted surface. The research show that the GZRD can be ignored in following seas. The GZ in head seas consists of two important harmonic components, and GZRD is the main contribution of the second harmonic component. Therefore, GZRD should be calculated with consideration of the instantaneous heeling angles and Froude number in head seas, especially for the prediction of large amplitude roll motion at high speed.

1. Introduction
Currently, the second-generation intact stability criteria are under development by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) (IMO SLF 53/WP.1-Add.1 2011; IMO SDC 3/WP.5 2016). Five different kinds of potentially dangerous dynamic stability failure modes in waves were proposed. Parametric roll and pure loss of stability are two of the stability failure modes that may lead to capsizing of a ship. According to the proposed drafts, a multilevel structure was adopted to make sure that numerical assessment procedures are only applied when the vulnerability to dynamical stability failures is beyond reasonable doubt. Assessment of the vulnerability criteria is normally based on simplified geometry characteristics or empirical formulas. However, direct stability assessment requires highly accurate prediction (Kobylinski 2012).
Glycol esters, glycol ethers – Method for the determination of propylene glycol monoethyl ether, 1‐ethoxy‐2‐propanol acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether in workplace air using gas chromatography [Air Monitoring Methods, 2018]
Authors: Giesen Y. , Friedrich C. , Breuer D. , Fauss J. , Hebisch R. , Brock T.H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: January 2019

Abstract

This analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination and limit value monitoring of 1‐ethoxy‐2‐propanol, 1‐ethoxy‐2‐propyl acetate, 2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2‐(2‐ethoxyethoxy)ethanol and 2‐(2‐butoxyethoxy)ethanol in workplace air. With this method simultaneously airborne glycols in the gaseous state as well as particles are collected. Sampling is performed by drawing a defined volume of air through the sampling system GGP‐Mini consisting of a glass fibre filter and a charcoal tube connected downstream using a suitable flow‐regulated pump. The flow rate is set to 0.33 L/min with a recommended air sample volume of 40 L. The collected glycols are desorbed with a mixture of dichloromethane/methanol containing 1‐hexanol as internal standard and then analysed by means of gas chromatography using FID. The quantitative evaluation is based on calibration functions obtained by means of multiple‐point calibrations. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for the individual glycol esters or glycol ethers is 0.5 mg/m
3
based on an air sample volume of 40 L.

Joint Publication of the Analytical Subcommittee of the Chemistry Board of Experts of the Expert Committee Raw Materials and Chemical Industry of the German Social Accident Insurance and the working group “Air Analyses” of the Permanent Senate Commission of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area.