bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD38 Inhibits Prostate Cancer Metabolism and Proliferation by Reducing Cellular NAD+ Pools
Authors: Chmielewski Jeffrey P. , Bowlby Sarah C. , Wheeler Frances B. , Shi Lihong , Sui Guangchao , Davis Amanda L. , Howard Timothy D. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Miller Lance D. , Sirintrapun S. Joseph , Cramer Scott D. , Kridel Steven J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Tumor cells require increased rates of cell metabolism to generate the macromolecules necessary to sustain proliferation. They rely heavily on NAD+ as a cofactor for multiple metabolic enzymes in anabolic and catabolic reactions. NAD+ also serves as a substrate for PARPs, sirtuins, and cyclic ADP-ribose synthases. Dysregulation of the cyclic ADP-ribose synthase CD38, the main NAD'ase in cells, is reported in multiple cancer types. This study demonstrates a novel connection between CD38, modulation of NAD+, and tumor cell metabolism in prostate cancer. CD38 expression inversely correlates with prostate cancer progression. Expressing CD38 in prostate cancer cells lowered intracellular NAD+, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and expression of p21Cip1 (CDKNA1). In parallel, CD38 diminishes glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism, activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibits fatty acid and lipid synthesis. Pharmacologic inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) mimicked the metabolic consequences of CD38 expression, demonstrating similarity between CD38 expression and NAMPT inhibition. Modulation of NAD+ by CD38 also induces significant differential expression of the transcriptome, producing a gene expression signature indicative of a nonproliferative phenotype. Altogether, in the context of prostate cancer, the data establish a novel role for the CD38–NAD+ axis in the regulation of cell metabolism and development.
Implications: This research establishes a mechanistic connection between CD38 and metabolic control. It also provides the foundation for the translation of agents that modulate NAD+ levels in cancer cells as therapeutics. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1687–700. ©2018 AACR.
Structural changes in bird communities before and after coppice management practices: a comparison using a diversity/dominance approach
Authors: Battisti Corrado , Marini Francesca 
Published: August 2018

We report data on the effects of coppice management on breeding birds in paired oak woods of central Italy using a Before-After-Control-Impact sampling design, hypothesizing that this practice strongly affect abundance, richness and diversity at community level. Using point count method, we obtained first evidence of a coppice management effect acting as a stressor on the breeding bird assemblage structure. We observed a significant decrease in averaged species richness and abundance in coppiced areas before and after the coppicing practices, differently from the control area. Analogously, regression lines derived by species frequencies in diversity/dominance diagrams showed a different trends when comparing the coppiced areas before and after the cutting, indicating a stress in the latter. This pattern is supported by the H’ diversity and evenness values that changed abruptly between years only in the coppiced area. These changes can be related to the significant reduction in tree plant density before and after cutting, especially for those with a diameter between 7.5 and 23 cm.
Effects of supervised exercise compared to non-supervised exercise early after total hip replacement on patient-reported function, pain, health-related quality of life and performance-based function – a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hansen Sebrina , Aaboe Jens , Mechlenburg Inger , Overgaard Søren , Mikkelsen Lone Ramer 
Published: August 2018

Background: The rehabilitation after a total hip replacement varies in degree of supervision; however, it remains unknown whether supervised programmes are more effective than non-supervised. Objective: This study compared the effectiveness of supervised exercise compared to non-supervised home-based exercise after total hip replacement on patient-reported function, hip-pain, health-related quality of life and performance-based function. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of supervised exercise compared to non-supervised home-based exercise. An electronic search was performed in Medline, Embase and CINAHL on 14 March 2018. The methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results: Seven studies were included with a total of 389 participants. A small and non-significant difference in favour of the supervised groups was found in patient-reported function (standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.22 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.46 to 0.02)), hip-related pain (SMD −0.03 (95% CI −0.27 to 0.21)), health-related quality of life (mean difference (MD) −3.08 (95% CI −6.29 to 0.14)) and performance-based function (SMD −0.26 (95% CI −0.68 to 0.17)) at end of treatment and in patient-reported function (MD −1.31 (95% CI −3.79 to 1.16)) at the 6- to 12-month follow-up. Limitations: The literature search was systematic, but limited to three databases. The overall quality of evidence was downgraded to moderate due to lack of blinding in included studies. Conclusion: Supervised exercise was not significantly effective compared to non-supervised home-based exercise on patient-reported function, pain, health-related quality of life and performance-based function after primary total hip replacement. Others: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017055604.
Communicating end-of-life care goals and decision-making among a multidisciplinary geriatric inpatient rehabilitation team: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Bloomer Melissa J , Botti Mari , Runacres Fiona , Poon Peter , Barnfield Jakqui , Hutchinson Alison M 
Published: August 2018

Background: In geriatric inpatient rehabilitation settings, where the goal is to optimise function, providing end-of-life care can be challenging. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore how end-of-life care goals and decision-making are communicated in a geriatric inpatient rehabilitation setting. Design: The design is a qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured individual and group interviews. Setting/participants: This study was conducted in a 154-bed facility in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, providing geriatric inpatient rehabilitation for older patients; medical, nursing and allied health clinicians, who had cared for an inpatient who died, were recruited. Data collection: Participants were interviewed using a conversational approach, guided by an ‘aide memoire’. Results: A total of 19 clinicians participated in this study, with 12 interviewed individually and the remaining 7 clinicians participating in group interviews. The typical patient was described as older, frail and with complex needs. Clinicians described the challenge of identifying patients who were deteriorating towards death, with some relying on others to inform them. How patient deterioration and decision-making was communicated among the team varied. Communication with the patient/family about dying was expected but did not always occur, nor was it always documented. Some clinicians relied on documentation, such as commencement of a dying care pathway to indicate when a patient was dying. Conclusion: Clinicians reported difficulties recognising patient deterioration towards death. Uncertainty and inconsistent communication among clinicians about patient deterioration negatively impacted team understanding, decision-making, and patient and family communication. Further education for all members of the multidisciplinary team focusing on how to recognise and communicate impending death will aid multidisciplinary teams to provide quality end-of-life care when required.
Does Iliopsoas Lengthening Adversely Affect Clinical Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy? A Multicenter Comparative Study
Authors: Maldonado David R. , Krych Aaron J. , Levy Bruce A. , Hartigan David E. , Laseter Joseph R. , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Iliopsoas fractional lengthening (IFL) continues to be a controversial procedure in hip arthroscopy. Hypothesis: Patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and a labral tear either with or without IFL would experience favorable outcomes, and there would be no difference in postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between the 2 groups at minimum 2-year follow-up. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data from July 2009 and April 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were eligible if they had hip arthroscopy for both FAI and labral tear treatment with IFL and without IFL. IFL was indicated for painful internal snapping. Minimum postoperative follow-up was set to 2 years. The authors calculated the modified Harris Hip Score, International Hip Outcome Tool–12, Hip Outcome Score–Activity of Daily Living Score, Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific Subscale, Non-Arthritic Hip Score, visual analog scale for pain, patient satisfaction, minimal clinically important difference (MCID), and the percentage of patients who achieved patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS). Revision surgeries and conversions to total hip arthroplasty (THA) were documented. Results: 351 hips (307 patients) met the necessary inclusion criteria in the IFL cohort, with a mean ± SD follow-up time of 42.5 ± 18.1 months. For the control cohort, 392 hips (354 patients) were included, with a mean ± SD follow-up time of 43.9 ± 19.6 months. Both groups showed significant postoperative improvement in 2-year follow-up PROs. The group with iliopsoas lengthening showed comparable results to the control group with respect to PRO improvement, MCID, PASS, and rates of revision or THA conversion. Conclusion: This comparative cohort study demonstrated that treatment of painful internal snapping syndrome with arthroscopic IFL, in the setting of FAI and a labral tear, is a safe procedure with good short- to mid-term follow-up results and associated improvement in PROs. Patients who underwent IFL showed similar outcomes compared with a control group treated for FAI and labral tear without IFL. In appropriately selected patients, arthroscopic IFL did not adversely affect clinical outcomes compared with patients who did not need IFL.
Evaluation of Decellularized Bovine Tendon Sheets for Achilles Tendon Defect Reconstruction in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Zhang Cheng-Hao , Jiang Yan-Lin , Ning Liang-Ju , Li Qi , Fu Wei-Li , Zhang Ya-Jing , Zhang Yan-Jing , Xia Chun-Chao , Li Jian , Qin Ting-Wu 
Published: August 2018

Background: Achilles tendon (AT) defects frequently occur in trauma and chronic injuries. Currently, no method can satisfactorily reconstruct the AT with completely restored function. Purpose: To evaluate the postoperative outcomes of AT defect reconstruction with decellularized bovine tendon sheets (DBTSs) in a rabbit model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: DBTSs were prepared from bovine tendons after compression, decellularization, antigen extraction, freeze drying, and sterilization. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was obtained by differential centrifugation. Sixty-three rabbits were used in this study, and the AT defect model was created bilaterally. All rabbits were divided into 3 groups (n = 21). In the DBTS group and the DBTS + PRP group, 2-cm-long AT was excised and reconstructed by DBTSs or PRP-treated DBTSs. In the control group, the rabbits underwent AT transection, and stumps were sutured. After surgery, all rabbits were assessed by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging and then sacrificed for histological examination and biomechanical testing at 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Results: Gross observations demonstrated the absence of immunologic incompatibility and rejection. Histological examination showed that DBTSs promoted host cell infiltration and new fibrous tissue integration as compared with the control group. In each group, there was an AT-like structure formation and aligned collagen fiber deposition at 12 weeks. Mechanical properties of the reconstructed AT were not significantly different among the 3 groups at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery ( P > .05). Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging results illustrated that the reconstructed AT from each group maintained remodeling, and there was no significant difference in the echogenicity scoring ( P > .05) and percentages of good and excellent ( P > .05) among the 3 groups. Conclusion: DBTSs, which retain the native tendon structure and bioactive factors, had the ability to remodel and integrate into the rabbit AT and improve the healing process. Clinical Relevance: DBTSs could serve as an effective bioscaffold to reconstruct AT defects.
Altered Walking and Muscle Patterns Reduce Hip Contact Forces in Individuals With Symptomatic Cam Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Ng K.C. Geoffrey , Mantovani Giulia , Modenese Luca , Beaulé Paul E. , Lamontagne Mario 
Published: August 2018

Background:Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a causative factor for hip pain and early hip osteoarthritis. Although cam FAI can alter hip joint biomechanics, it is unclear what role muscle forces play and how they affect the hip joint loading.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose was to examine the muscle contributions and hip contact forces in individuals with symptomatic cam FAI during level walking. Patients with symptomatic cam FAI would demonstrate different muscle and hip contact forces during gait.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Eighteen patients with symptomatic cam FAI were matched for age and body mass index with 18 control participants. Each participant’s walking kinematics and kinetics were recorded throughout a gait cycle (ipsilateral foot-strike to ipsilateral foot-off) by use of a motion capture system and force plates. Muscle and hip contact forces were subsequently computed by use of a musculoskeletal modeling program and static optimization methods.Results:The FAI group walked slower and with shorter steps, demonstrating reduced joint motions and moments during contralateral foot-strike, compared with the control group. The FAI group showed reduced psoas major (median, 1.1 newtons per bodyweight [N/BW]; interquartile range [IQR], 1.0-1.5 N/BW) and iliacus forces (median, 1.2 N/BW; IQR, 1.0-1.6 N/BW), during contralateral foot-strike, compared with the control group (median, 1.6 N/BW; IQR, 1.3-1.6 N/BW, P = .004; and median, 1.5 N/BW; IQR, 1.3-1.6 N/BW, P = .03, respectively), which resulted in lower hip contact forces in the anterior ( P = .026), superior ( P = .02), and medial directions ( P = .038). The 3 vectors produced a resultant peak force at the anterosuperior aspect of the acetabulum for both groups, with the FAI group demonstrating a substantially lower magnitude.Conclusion:FAI participants altered their walking kinematics and kinetics, especially during contralateral foot-strike, as a protective mechanism, which resulted in reduced psoas major and iliacus muscle force and anterosuperior hip contact force estimations.Clinical Relevance:Limited hip mobility not only is attributed to bone-on-bone impingement, caused by cam morphology, but could be attributed to musculature as well. Not only would the psoas major and iliacus be able to protect the hip joint during flexion-extension, athletic conditioning could further strengthen core muscles for improved hip mobility and pelvic balance.
HRM practices and organizational change: Evidence from Italian clinical directorates
Authors: Gabutti Irene , Morandi Federica 
Published: August 2018

Purpose The healthcare sector has been facing major reforms, among which the introduction of the Clinical Directorate (CD) model for hospitals. The purpose of this work is to explore the degree of implementation of innovative Human Resource Management (HRM) practices within CDs, in order to understand whether, after more than 15 years from their introduction, they have been able to transform their managerial approach concretely, in line with the CD model’s objectives. The tools have been attributed to three main HR initiatives: training, control, and evaluation ones. Design and methods During on-site visits in 33 Italian hospitals, data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with their CEOs and Clinical Directors. Data concerned both the mere adoption of HRM tools within CDs, as well as their effective degree of implementation. The answers to the questions were translated into a system of percentage scores, so as to detect mean percentages of implementation in each CD. Findings: The general degree of implementation of HRM practices is still somewhat distant from a theoretically excellent and full implementation, especially if we consider the important lag of time since the reforms affected the sector. Nevertheless, results open the way to important considerations about the effectiveness of the CD model. Original value: The original methodology and scoring system suggested in this work produce a concise evaluation of the development of an effective HRM system within CDs. Our framework of analysis allows interesting benchmarking activities among different CDs of an organization and, ultimately, among different organizations. Moreover, the methodology presented may constitute a valid source of information in order to carry out future research on the items able to affect the implementation of such tools.
Empathy in the nurse–patient relationship in geriatric care: An integrative review
Authors: Teófilo Tiago José Silveira , Veras Rafaella Felix Serafim , Silva Valkênia Alves , Cunha Nilza Maria , Oliveira Jacira dos Santos , Vasconcelos Selene Cordeiro 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Empathy is a complex human experience that involves the subjective intersection of different individuals. In the context of nursing care in the geriatric setting, the benefits of empathetic relationships are directly related to the quality of the practice of nursing. Objective: Analyze scientific production on the benefits of empathy in the nurse–patient relationship in the geriatric care setting. Methods: An integrative review of the literature was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. The articles retrieved were organized, evaluated, and classified based on the level of scientific evidence. Results: Relationships of empathy between nurses and older people were analyzed in quasi-experimental studies using different assessment tools, the majority of which had moderate levels of validity and reliability. Studies with a qualitative approach discussed the meaning of empathy in terms of the quality of care offered, compassion, and vulnerability. Discussion: Levels of empathy increase when activities are developed with the aim of teaching, sensitization, and training for relational care between nursing staff and older people. The analysis of empathetic relationships is important to the evaluation of the quality of care provided to older people. Conclusion: Empathy in the nurse–patient relationship in the geriatric care setting is an important ethical aspect that contributes to the quality of the practice of nursing. The present findings indicate the need for more robust assessment tools with adequate psychometric properties and the descriptive analysis of empathy.
Adoption Breakdown in Spain: A Survival and Age-Related Analysis
Authors: Paniagua Carmen , Palacios Jesús , Jiménez-Morago Jesús M. , Rivera Francisco 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: The two goals of this article are the analysis of the duration of adoptive placements ending in breakdown and the role of age at placement in the breakdown experience. Method: All known cases of adoption breakdown during a whole decade in Andalusia, a Spanish region, were studied. Preadoption and formalized adoptions, domestic and intercountry adoptions were included. Data were analyzed using survival analysis, Cox regression, χ2, and rate ratio analyses. Results: The duration of adoptive placements ending in breakdown, significantly shorter in intercountry adoptions, is associated with a configuration of characteristics in the child, the adoptive parents and adoptive family life, and professional intervention. Among child-related factors, age at placement is of special relevance for the breakdown experience. Conclusions: Placements involving older children last less and break down more frequently, but are not condemned to failure. They need to be better supported with protective factors compensating the risks.
A Multimodal Preemptive Analgesic Protocol for Alveolar Bone Graft Surgery: Decreased Pain, Hospital Stay, and Health Care Costs
Authors: Bykowski Michael R. , Sivak Wesley , Garland Catharine , Cladis Franklyn P. , Goldstein Jesse A. , Losee Joseph E. 
Published: August 2018

Objective: To evaluate postoperative pain, hospital length of stay (LOS), and associated costs of multiple perioperative analgesic strategies following alveolar bone grafting (ABG). Design: Retrospective comparative cohort study. Setting: Tertiary care pediatric hospital. Patients/Participants: Iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) harvest techniques: “Open Harvest” (n = 22), “Trephine Only” (n = 14), or “Trephine + Pain Pump” (n = 25). Intervention: The “Open Harvest” group underwent open ICBG harvest with 3-walled osteotomies. For the other 2 treatment groups, a trephine drill was used to harvest iliac crest bone with a ropivacaine infusion pump into the hip donor site (“Trephine + Pain Pump”) or without (“Trephine Only”). Patients who underwent ABG with only cadaveric allograft were analyzed as a comparison group (“No Harvest”). Main Outcomes Measures: Outcomes were planned prior to data collection: maximum pain score, hospital LOS, and associated health care costs. Results: Maximum pain scores were significantly higher in the “Open Harvest” group (7.3/10) compared to “Trephine + Pain Pump” (1.8/10; P < .0001) and “No Harvest” groups (2.8/10; P < .01). Hospital LOS decreased from 2.4 days (“Open Harvest”) to 0.5 days (Trephine + Pain Pump”; P < .0001). Twelve (48%) patients from “Trephine + Pain Pump” were discharged on the day of surgery. The “Trephine + Pain Pump” saved an estimated $5336 for a unilateral ABG and $7265 for a bilateral ABG compared to “Open Harvest.” Conclusions: The combined use of the trephine ICBG technique and ropivacaine infusion catheter effectively decreased pain, shortened hospital stay, and improved cost saving compared to patients who have undergone other methods of ICBG.