bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First fossil record of an East Asian endemic genus Sladenia (Sladeniaceae) from its modern range: Implications for floristic evolution and conservation biology
Authors: Jia Lin‐Bo , Manchester Steven R. , Huang Jian , Su Tao , Xue Li , Zhang Shi‐Tao , Huang Yong‐Jiang , Zhou Zhe‐Kun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFossil records of endemic plants play an important role in recognizing the floristic history of East Asia and thereby facilitate the conservation of plant diversity in the region. However, the fossil record of many extant East Asian endemic genera remains poorly documented thus far. Here, we report an infructescence fossil of an East Asian endemic genus, Sladenia (Sladeniaceae), from the early Miocene of southeastern Yunnan, China. The fossil is characterized by: (i) dichasial cymes; and (ii) flask‐shaped ovary with dense subparallel ribs on the surface extending from the base to the distal end of the united style. It represents the first fossil record of Sladenia in Asia, showing that the genus was established in the region at least by the early Miocene. Given that a much older fossil record of Sladeniaceae has been reported from Africa and the sister group of Sladenia is distributed only in Africa, Sladenia is not likely of East Asian origin. The present endemic status of Sladenia was possibly achieved by regional extirpation in Africa and taking refuge in East Asia. This case thus supports the “Museum” rather than “Cradle” hypothesis for the genesis of high plant species in the flora of East Asia. A comparison of the present fossil with extant Sladenia infructescence shows morphological stasis from the early Miocene to present. Such evolutionary tardiness might have resulted in the reduced fitness of the genus, which further caused its current endangered situation.
Diversification of HawaiianCyrtandra(Gesneriaceae) under the influence of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization
Authors: Kleinkopf Joseph A. , Roberts Wade R. , Wagner Warren L. , Roalson Eric H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCyrtandra(Gesneriaceae) is a genus of flowering plants with over 800 species distributed throughout Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. On the Hawaiian Islands, 60 named species and over 89 putative hybrids exist, most of which are identified on the basis of morphology. Despite many previous studies on the HawaiianCyrtandralineage, questions regarding the reconciliation of morphology and genetics remain, many of which can be attributed to the relatively young age and evidence of hybridization between species. We utilized targeted enrichment, high‐throughput sequencing, and modern phylogenomics tools to test 31 HawaiianCyrtandrasamples (22 species, two putative hybrids, four species with two samples each, one species with four samples) and two outgroups for species relationships and hybridization in the presence of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). Both concatenated and species‐tree methods were used to reconstruct species relationships, and network analyses were conducted to test for hybridization. We expected to see high levels of ILS and putative hybrids intermediate to their parent species. Phylogenies reconstructed from the concatenated and species‐tree methods were highly incongruent, most likely due to high levels of incomplete lineage sorting. Network analyses inferred gene flow within this lineage, but not always between taxa that we expected. Multiple hybridizations were inferred, but many were on deeper branches of the island lineages suggesting a long history of hybridization. We demonstrated the utility of high‐throughput sequencing and a phylogenomic approach using 569 loci to understanding species relationships and gene flow in the presence of ILS.
Serum 25(OH)D levels after oral vitamin D3 supplementation and UVB exposure correlate
Authors: Datta Pameli , Philipsen Peter Alshede , Olsen Peter , Andersen Jeppe Dyrberg , Morling Niels , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe inter‐individual variation in 25(OH)D3 increase (Δ25(OH)D3) after vitamin D3 supplementation was determined and compared with the UVB irradiation response.MethodsNineteen Danish participants received 85 μg vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) daily for nine weeks with regular serum 25(OH)D3 measurements. These participants had three years earlier taken part in a 9‐week controlled UVB study. The Δ25(OH)D3 was not confounded by ambient UVB, BMI or ethnicity.ResultsΔ25(OH)D3 was 53 nmol L−1 and almost identical to Δ25(OH)D3 (52 nmol L−1) after UVB. Δ25(OH)D3 ranged from 17 to 91 nmol L−1 (span 74 nmol L−1) and was about half of that observed after UVB irradiation (span 136 nmol L−1). The interquartile ranges for vitamin D3 supplementation (38.8‐71.4 nmol L−1, span: 32.6 nmol L−1) and UVB irradiation (35.7‐65.4 nmol L−1, span: 29.7 nmol L−1) were similar indicating a comparable response of the two interventions. As the 25(OH)D3 start levels (R2 = 0.398, P = 3.8 × 10−3), 25(OH)D3 end levels (R2 = 0.457, P = 1.5 × 10−3) and Δ25(OH)D3 (R2 = 0.253, P = 0.028) between both interventions were correlated, this suggested a possible common individual background for the variation. Four pigment SNPs influenced the variation in the vitamin D3‐induced and UVB‐induced Δ25(OH)D3. A combined model including the influence of these four SNPs and the 25(OH)D3 start level explained 86.8% (P = 1.6 × 10−35) of the individual variation after vitamin D3 supplementation.ConclusionThe inter‐individual variation in the two interventions was comparable and had no common demographic but a partly common genetic background.
Cyanidin‐3‐o‐glucoside inhibits UVA‐induced human dermal fibroblast injury by upregulating autophagy
Authors: Wu Shi , Hu Yunfeng , Bai Weibin , Zhao Jiayi , Huang Cuiqin , Wen Caiyan , Deng Liehua , Lu Daxiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground/PurposeUltraviolet (UV) A (315‐400 nm) is the UV light that most frequently reaches the Earth's surface and can penetrate the epidermis through to the dermis, causing various issues, including skin aging and skin cancer. The results of our previous studies have shown that the flavonoid monomer cyanidin‐3‐o‐glucoside (C3G) can effectively inhibit primary human dermal fibroblast (HDF) oxidative damage and apoptosis caused by UVA radiation. Many flavonoids can regulate the level of autophagy. However, whether C3G inhibits UVA‐induced oxidative damage to primary HDFs by regulating autophagy levels remains unclear.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we used different doses (0‐12 J/cm2) of UVA to irradiate cells and showed that the expression levels of autophagy‐related gene 5 (Atg5) and microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)‐II in primary HDFs first increased and then decreased. The expression of Atg5 and LC3‐II was significantly decreased under 12 J/cm2 (light‐damage model). C3G increased the levels of Atg5 and LC3‐II. Primary HDFs were pretreated with C3G, followed by treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) after 12 J/cm2 UVA irradiation. The inhibitory effects of C3G on morphological changes, oxidative damage, and apoptosis in primary HDFs induced by UVA were significantly decreased.ConclusionC3G can inhibit UVA‐induced damage to primary HDFs by inducing autophagy. These results provide a theoretical basis for the application of natural compounds to resist light damage to the skin in the future.
Donor characteristics and risk factors for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination in storage medium for corneal transplantation: A 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Okumura Yuichi , Inomata Takenori , Miyamoto Shizuka , Nakatani Satoru , Hiratsuka Yoshimune , Yamaguchi Masahiro , Iwamoto Satoshi , Murakami Akira 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated the donor characteristics of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) contamination in storage medium before transfer of corneas to preservation medium for corneal transplantation, in order to identify donor characteristic risk factors for MRSA contamination.MethodsThis retrospective, cross‐sectional study was performed using Juntendo Eye Bank records for all corneal transplantation procedures. Storage medium (EP‐II®) cultures for right eyes were included for the period between July 2008 and December 2017. The following donor characteristics were collected: age, sex, cause of death, history of cataract surgery, death‐to‐enucleation interval, death‐to‐preservation interval, and endothelial cell density (ECD). Donor characteristics were compared between MRSA and non‐MRSA contamination groups. Odds ratios (ORs) for donor‐related risk factors for MRSA contamination were determined using logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 370 storage medium samples were examined; 222 were positive for bacterial cultures (60.0%) and 36 were MRSA‐positive (9.7%). Donor age was significantly higher in the MRSA contamination group than in the non‐MRSA contamination group (86.1 ± 9.5 years vs 75.9 ± 15.9 years, P < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that MRSA contamination risk factors were older age (OR = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.03‐1.11) and decreased ECD (OR = 0.9993; 95% CI: 0.9986‐0.9992). The fully adjusted OR for every year of age as a risk factor for MRSA contamination was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03‐1.11).ConclusionsAging was a risk factor for MRSA contamination in storage medium. Careful pre‐banking assessment of elderly donor corneas is needed to prevent intractable postoperative MRSA infection.
Uterine perivascular adipose tissue is a novel mediator of uterine artery blood flow and reactivity in rat pregnancy
Authors: Osikoya Oluwatobiloba , Ahmed Hijab , Panahi Sareh , Bourque Stephane L. , Goulopoulou Styliani 
Published: June 2019

Key points
In vivo, uterine perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) potentiates uterine artery blood flow in pregnant rats, although not in non‐pregnant rats.
In isolated preparations, uterine PVAT has pro‐contractile and anti‐dilatory effects on uterine arteries.
Pregnancy induces changes in uterine arteries that makes them responsive to uterine PVAT signalling.
AbstractAn increase in uterine artery blood flow (UtBF) is a common and necessary feature of a healthy pregnancy. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that adipose tissue surrounding uterine arteries (uterine perivascular adipose tissue; PVAT) is a novel local mediator of UtBF and uterine artery tone during pregnancy. In vivo experiments in anaesthetized Sprague–Dawley rats showed that pregnant animals (gestational day 16, term = 22––23 days) had a three‐fold higher UtBF compared to non‐pregnant animals. Surgical removal of uterine PVAT reduced UtBF only in pregnant rats. In a series of ex vivo bioassays, we demonstrated that uterine PVAT had pro‐contractile and anti‐dilatory effects on rat uterine arteries. In the presence of PVAT‐conditioned media, isolated uterine arteries from both pregnant and non‐pregnant rats had reduced vasodilatory responses. In non‐pregnant rats, these responses were mediated at the level of uterine vascular smooth muscle, whereas, in pregnant rats, PVAT‐media reduced endothelium‐dependent relaxation. Pregnancy increased adipocyte size in ovarian adipose tissue but had no effect on uterine PVAT adipocyte morphology. In addition, pregnancy down‐regulated the gene expression of metabolic adipokines in uterine but not in aortic PVAT. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that uterine PVAT plays a regulatory role in UtBF, at least in part, as a result of its actions on uterine artery tone. We propose that the interaction between the uterine vascular wall and its adjacent adipose tissue may provide new insights for interventions in pregnancies with adipose tissue dysfunction and abnormal UtBF.
Thermal Modeling, Experimental Validation, and Comparative Analysis of Modified Solar Stills
Authors: Pal Piyush , Dev Rahul 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the present work, an effort is carried out to enhance the distillate yield of a single-slope basin-type solar still by increasing the heat input through its transparent walls and providing hanging wicks to increase the evaporation–condensation rates. A modified basin-type single-slope multi-wick solar still (MBSSMWSS) was proposed and fabricated to increase the productivity and improve the low efficiency of the recently designed modified basin-type single-slope solar still (MBSSSS). Experiments were conducted on both the solar stills to assess their performance, productivity, and efficiency (thermal and exergy) for the same basin area and water depth for the climatic condition of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India. Results showed that the productivity, overall energy (thermal) efficiency, and maximum values of measured instantaneous exergy efficiency of the MBSSSS and MBSSMWSS systems were found to be 3.2 l/m2 day and 4.22 l/m2 day, 18.16% and 26.89%, and 4.28% and 5.31%, respectively. Furthermore, thermal modeling was also done using the energy balance equations, and then, a theoretical analysis was carried out to validate with the respective experimental observations. A good agreement was found between experimental and theoretical results. Finally, based on the results of the evaluation parameters and comparative analysis, the modified solar still with wick was found to be a better system compared with that of the system without wick and might be a good option as a solar desalination system.
The pace of crustal-scale magma accretion and differentiation beneath silicic caldera volcanoes
Authors: Karakas Ozge , Wotzlaw Jörn-Frederik , Guillong Marcel , Ulmer Peter , Brack Peter , Economos Rita , Bergantz George W. , Sinigoi Silvano , Bachmann Olivier 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Crustal-scale magmatic systems act as filters between the mantle and the atmosphere, and can generate large volcanic eruptions that pose significant hazards while altering Earth’s climate. Quantifying the growth rates, magma fluxes, and duration of storage at different crustal levels is crucial for understanding such systems, but these parameters are poorly constrained due to the scarcity of exposed crustal sections. Here we present the first detailed reconstruction of magma emplacement and differentiation time scales of a complete crustal-scale igneous system exposed in the southern Alps (Ivrea-Sesia region, northern Italy) to quantify the magma fluxes and duration of transcrustal magmatism. Integrated zircon U-Pb petrochronology and numerical modeling provides unprecedented evidence that the volcanic and plutonic bodies are directly related to each other both chemically and temporally, suggesting that the entire magmatic system grew rapidly from its deepest roots to the erupted products. In the entire crustal section, zircons record 4 m.y. of magma accretion, but the bulk of the magma was emplaced within approximately 2 m.y. during an episode of enhanced magma flux from the mantle. Our results show the synchronous growth and differentiation of discrete magma bodies at various crustal levels beneath silicic caldera volcanoes and reconcile modeling and geochronological results on crustal-scale heat and mass transfer.
Short-term and long-term distributional consequences of prenatal malnutrition and stress: using Ramadan as a natural experiment
Authors: Majid Farhan , Behrman Jere , Mani Subha 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionFetal environments play significant roles in determining adult well-being, particularly as they relate to non-communicable diseases and skill formation. We studiedgender-specific distributionalconsequences of fetal environment (in the form of in-utero exposure to Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting), in Indonesia, on birth weights, performance on Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM), math scores, hours worked and earnings.MethodsWe used quantile regressions to conduct a quantitative comparison of distributional consequences, by gender, of full month exposures to Ramadan in-utero on outcomes of interest. Our data included Muslim children and adults measured during rounds 1 and 4 of the Indonesian Family Life Survey. Our main outcome measures were: birth weights—559 observations (females) and 624 (males); Raven’s CPM scores—1693 (females) and 1821 (males) for 8–15 year olds; math test scores—1696 (females) and 1825 (males) for 8–15 year olds; hours worked—3181 (females) and 4599 (males) for 18–65 year olds; earnings—2419 (females) and 4019 (males) for 18–65 year olds.ResultsFull month of exposure to Ramadan in-utero led to significant reductions at the 5% significance level that were concentrated in the bottom halves of the outcome distributions: among 8–15 years, lower scores on Raven’s CPM tests for females (mean: −9.2%, 10thQ: −19%, 25th Q: −19.4%) and males (mean: −5.6%, 10thQ: −12.5%); lower math scores for females (mean: −8.6%, 25thQ: −15.9%) and males (mean: −8.5%, 10thQ: −13.6%); among females 18–65 years, significant reduction in hours worked (mean: −7.5%, 10thQ: − 26.3%).ConclusionEvents during the fetal period have far-reaching consequences for females and males in the lowest (10th and 25th) quantiles of outcome distributions, affecting the ‘relatively poor’ the most. These results call for caution in interpreting studies on child development that rely on mean comparisons alone.
Effects of short-term smoking on lung function and airway hyper-responsiveness in young patients with untreated intermittent adult-onset asthma: retrospective cross-sectional study at a primary–tertiary care hospital in Japan
Authors: Watai Kentaro , Sekiya Kiyoshi , Hayashi Hiroaki , Fukutomi Yuma , Taniguchi Masami 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveIn daily clinical practice, smokers with asthma and with intermittent disease severity are frequently encountered. The effects of short-term smoking on lung function or disease presentation in younger patients with intermittent adult-onset asthma remain unclear. We sought to clarify the effects of short-term smoking (<10 pack-years) on lung function and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in young patients with untreated intermittent adult-onset asthma.DesignRetrospective, cross-sectional study.SettingA single primary–tertiary medical centre in Japan.ParticipantsFrom patients who underwent bronchodilator reversibility tests between January 2004 and March 2011 (n=7291), 262 consecutive patients (age, 20–34 years) with untreated intermittent adult-onset asthma, including 157 never smokers and 105 current smokers within 10 pack-years, were analysed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the association of the daily smoking frequency (number of cigarettes per day), smoking duration (years) and cumulative smoking history (pack-years) with postbronchodilator lung function. The secondary outcome was the association of the former three smoking parameters with AHR.ResultsThe daily smoking frequency, smoking duration and cumulative smoking history were significantly associated with decreased postbronchodilator lung function. Daily smoking of ≥11 cigarettes per day was also associated with marked AHR (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.03 to 4.80), even after adjustment for age, sex, disease duration and body mass index.ConclusionShort-term active smoking in early adulthood may be associated with decreased lung function and AHR, even in patients with intermittent adult-onset asthma. Our findings suggest a benefit of never smoking, even for young patients with intermittent adult-onset asthma.
Public, health professional and legislator perspectives on the concept of psychiatric disease: a population-based survey
Authors: Tikkinen Kari A O , Rutanen Jarno , Frances Allen , Perry Brea L , Dennis Brittany B , Agarwal Arnav , Maqbool Amna , Ebrahim Shanil , Leinonen Janne S , Järvinen Teppo L N , Guyatt Gordon H 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo assess which mental health-related states of being are perceived as diseases by psychiatrists, non-psychiatric physicians, nurses, parliament members and laypeople.Design and settingA population-based, mailed survey in Finland.ParticipantsRespondents from a random sample of 3000 laypeople, 1500 physicians, 1500 nurses and all 200 members of the parliament (MPs) of Finland.Primary outcome measuresRespondents’ perspectives on 20 mental health-related states of being as diseases, measuring the extent of agreement with the claim: ‘[This state of being] is a disease’.ResultsOf the 6200 people approached, we received 3259 eligible responses (53%). Two conditions (schizophrenia and autism) were considered to be diseases by at least 75% and two states (grief and homosexuality) were considered not to be diseases by at least 75% in each group. A majority (at least 50% in each group) considered seven states as diseases (anorexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bulimia, depression, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and personality disorder) and three not to be diseases (absence of sexual desire, premature ejaculation and transsexualism). In six states, there was a wide divergence of opinion (alcoholism, drug addiction, gambling addiction, insomnia, social anxiety disorder and work exhaustion). Psychiatrists were significantly more inclined to considering states of being as diseases relative to other groups, followed by non-psychiatric physicians, nurses, MPs and laypeople.ConclusionsRespondents agreed that some conditions, such as schizophrenia and autism, are diseases and other states, such as grief and homosexuality, are not; for others, there was considerable disagreement. Psychiatrists are more inclined to consider mental health-related states of being as diseases compared with other physicians, who, in turn, are more inclined than other constituencies. Understanding notions of disease may underlie important debates in public policy and practice in areas of mental health and behaviour, and have implications for resource allocation and stigma.
The utility of health belief model to explain self-protective behaviour against pneumoconiosis in Chinese underground coal miners: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Qiong , Chen Wanli , Qi Renjie , Geng Yang , Liu Ya , Zhou Ying , Zhang Chenggang , Wang Xian , Wang Jiwei , Yu Jinming 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesCoal workers’ pneumoconiosis is caused by exposure to respirable coal mine dust. The self-protection of underground coal miners (UCM) plays an irreplaceable role against this threat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictors of self-protective behaviour (SPB) in Chinese UCM based on the health belief model (HBM).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 341 UCM in January 2016 in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China. Data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire, which included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, HBM variables and SPB. An exploratory factor analysis of the principal components with varimax rotation was carried out on the HBM-related items. Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, HBM variables and SPB.ResultsMultiple regression analysis demonstrated the monthly income (B=0.403, p=0.001), the internal cues to action (B=0.380, p<0.001) and external cues to action (B=0.401, p<0.001) as the predictors of UCM’s SPB, accounting for 24.8% of total variance (F=34.96, p<0.001), while the cognition variables of HBM were not significantly associated with SPB.ConclusionThe results suggested that both internal and external cues to action were powerful predictors for SPB. These findings highlight that further efforts are required to provide the UCM with periodic health check-up reports and promote the active role of doctors and family members in miners’ decision-making to simulate them for better SPB.Ethics approvalAll data collection procedures received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Xuhui District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (XHHEC-2016–7).