bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Gaps in the Coexistence between Different Modes of Governance: A Case Study of Public Health in Schools in a Multilevel System
Authors: Burau Viola , Clavier Carole 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGoverning contemporary public services across industrialized countries typically draws on a mix of different modes of governance. The literature on governance has raised the issue of the specific coexistences between different modes of governance. The focus is on fits and clashes, whereas there is less attention on situations, where different modes of governance do not connect. The contribution of the present article is to more systematically account for the “what” and “why” of such “gaps.” What are their specific characteristics? How can their existence be explained? Based on a critical case study of supporting coordination in public health services in Québec, the article argues: that gaps in the coexistence between different modes of governance can be thought of as disconnects in the management of public services; and that this reflects a de facto lack of governance capacity to connect different modes of governance to each other.
Periodontal complications of hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus: Epidemiologic complexity and clinical challenge
Authors: Kocher Thomas , König Jörgen , Borgnakke Wenche Sylling , Pink Christiane , Meisel Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis report provides a comprehensive overview of the adverse effects of hyperglycemia on the periodontium. It combines data from literature reviews of original data from two large, population‐based epidemiologic studies with comprehensive periodontal health assessment. Emphasis is placed on the exploration of hitherto sparsely reported effects of prediabetes and poorly controlled (uncontrolled) diabetes, in contrast to the umbrella term “diabetes.” This stems from the realization that it is not simply having a diagnosis of diabetes that may adversely affect periodontal health. Rather, it is the level (severity) of hyperglycemia that is the determining factor, not the case definition of the diagnosis of diabetes or the type of diabetes in question. Importantly, based on existing evidence this paper also attempts to estimate the improvements in periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment level that can be expected upon successful nonsurgical periodontal treatment in people with chronic periodontitis, with and without diabetes, respectively. This exploration includes the implentation of new systematic reviews and meta‐analyses that allow comparison of such intervention outcomes between hyperglycemic and normoglycemic subjects. Based on both existing literature and original analyses of population‐based studies, we try to answer questions such as: Is there a glycated hemoglobin concentration threshold for periodontitis risk? Does short‐term periodontal probing depth reduction and clinical attachment level gain after scaling and root planing depend on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes? Are short‐term scaling and root planing outcomes in people with hyperglycemia/diabetes inferior to those in people without diabetes? Do periodontitis patients with diabetes benefit more from the use of adjuvant antibiotics with nonsurgical periodontal treatment than people without diabetes? Does hyperglycemia lead to greater tooth loss in patients in long‐term post‐periodontal treatment maintenance programs? Throughout this review, we compare our new findings with previous data and report whether the results of these new analyses corroborate, or are in discord with, similar scientific reports in the literature. We also explore the potential role of dental health‐care professionals in helping patients control the risk factors that are identical for periodontitis and diabetes. Finally, we suggest various topics that still need exploration in future research.
Temperature effects on photosynthesis in gametophytic and sporophytic stages of the freshwater red alga Sirodotia delicatula (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales) under a global warming perspective
Authors: Vilas Boas Lucas K. , Oliveira Régis de C. , Necchi Orlando , Branco Ciro C. Z. 
Published: September 2018

SUMMARYThe increase in Earth's global mean temperature due to human influence has become a major concern, with ecological consequences already being reported around the world. In tropical streams, benthic red algae belonging to the order Batrachospermales contribute to a large fraction of the community energy input and play an important role in sustaining autotrophic food webs. The Batrachospermales also have a unique life history, with heteromorphic life stages (gametophytes and sporophytes) occurring seasonally and with distinct ecological roles. Through “in vivo” chlorophyll fluorescence and dissolved oxygen evolution techniques, we evaluated the effects of projected temperature increases of two future scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) on the photosynthetic response of Sirodotia delicatula gametophytes and sporophytes. In general, both chlorophyll fluorescence and dissolved oxygen showed that the RCP 8.5 scenario could severely jeopardize the photosynthetic performance of the sporophytes during the summer while also providing a stressful physiological situation to the gametophytes. Due to the crucial role of sporophytes in the development of this species, results indicate that this predicted scenario could affect this species. Given the position of these organisms at the base of the food web in tropical lotic environments, especially in shaded low‐order streams, such impact could generate unforeseen cascade effects on higher trophic levels.
Acute reduction of lower‐body contractile function following a microbiopsy of m. vastus lateralis
Authors: Davies Robert W. , Carson Brian P. , Bass Joseph J. , Holohan Sorcha , Jakeman Philip M. 
Published: September 2018

Twenty‐three resistance trained men 18‐35 years (23 [3] years, 1.8 [0.1] m, 81 [10] kg body mass, 2.3 [1.1] years resistance training experience; mean [SD]) performed repeated maximal voluntary isometric squats (ISQ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ) pre‐ and +30 minutes post a unilateral microbiopsy of m. vastus lateralis. ISQ and CMJ were simultaneously measured by two force plates sampling ipsilateral (biopsied) and contralateral (non‐biopsied) limb force. Bilateral limb force (ipsilateral + contralateral) and imbalance (ipsilateral/bilateral) data are reported as % change from pre‐biopsy (mean [95% CI]). A post‐biopsy reduction in bilateral ISQ peak force (−17 [−23, −11] %; P < 0.001), ISQ rate of force development (RFD; −28 [−41, −15] %, P = 0.002) and CMJ peak take‐off force (−7 [−13, −1]%, P = 0.019) occurred. Imbalance was observed for ISQ peak force (3.2 [2.1, 4.3] %, P < 0.001), RFD (2.8 [1.6, 4.0] %, P < 0.001) and CMJ landing (3.3 [1.0, 5.6] %, P = 0.009), resultant of a force transfer from the ipsilateral (biopsied) to the contralateral (non‐biopsied) limb. These data suggest that in young, resistance trained men a modulatory influence on maximal voluntary static and dynamic lower‐body contractile function is evoked acutely (+30 minutes) following a microbiopsy of m. vastus lateralis.
Native kidney cytomegalovirus nephritis and cytomegalovirus prostatitis in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Tan Susanna K. , Cheng Xingxing S. , Kao Chia‐Sui , Weber Jenna , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Gill Harcharan S. , Busque Stephan , Subramanian Aruna K. , Tan Jane C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) native kidney nephritis and prostatitis in a CMV D+/R‐ kidney transplant recipient who had completed six months of CMV prophylaxis four weeks prior to the diagnosis of genitourinary CMV disease. The patient had a history of benign prostatic hypertrophy and urinary retention that required self‐catheterization to relieve high post‐voiding residual volumes. At 7 months post‐transplant, he was found to have a urinary tract infection, moderate hydronephrosis of the transplanted kidney, and severe hydroureteronephrosis of the native left kidney and ureter, and underwent native left nephrectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate. Histopathologic examination of kidney and prostate tissue revealed CMV inclusions consistent with invasive CMV disease. This case highlights that CMV may extend beyond the kidney allograft to involve other parts of the genitourinary tract, including the native kidneys and prostate. Furthermore, we highlight the tissue‐specific risk factors that preceded CMV tissue invasion. In addition to concurrent diagnoses, health care providers should have a low threshold for considering late‐onset CMV disease in high‐risk solid organ transplant recipients presenting with signs and symptoms of genitourinary tract pathology.
Double lung transplantation in an HIV‐positive patient with Mycobacterium kansasii infection
Authors: Ambaraghassi Georges , Ferraro Pasquale , Poirier Charles , Rouleau Danielle , Fortin Claude 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGood outcomes with kidney and liver transplantation in HIV‐positive patients have led clinicians to recommend lung transplantation in HIV‐positive patients based on extrapolated data. Pre‐transplant mycobacterial infection is associated with an increased risk of developing new infection or aggravating existing infection, though it does not contraindicate transplantation in non‐HIV–infected patients. However, no data exists regarding the outcome of HIV‐positive patients with pre‐transplant mycobacterial infection. We report a case of double lung transplantation in a 50‐year‐old HIV‐positive patient with alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency. Prior to transplantation, Mycobacterium kansasii was isolated in one sputum culture and the patient was considered merely colonized as no clinical evidence of pulmonary or disseminated disease was present. The patient successfully underwent a double lung transplantation. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection was diagnosed histologically on examination of native lungs. Surveillance and watchful waiting were chosen over treatment of the infection. HIV remained under control post‐transplantation with no AIDS‐defining illnesses throughout the follow‐up. A minimal acute rejection that responded to increased corticosteroids was reported. At 12 months post‐transplant, a bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was diagnosed after a drop in FEV1. No evidence of isolation nor recurrence of nontuberculous mycobacteria was reported post‐transplantation. At 15 months post‐transplant, the patient remained stable with an FEV1 of 30%. The presence of pre‐transplant nontuberculous mycobacterial infection did not translate into recurrence of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection post‐transplant. Whether it contributed to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome remains unknown.
Safety and efficacy of cryopreserved platelets in bleeding patients with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Slichter Sherrill J. , Dumont Larry J. , Cancelas Jose A. , Jones MeLinh , Gernsheimer Terry B. , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Dunbar Nancy M. , Prakash Gautham , Medlin Stephen , Rugg Neeta , Kinne Bridget , Macdonald Victor W. , Housler Greggory , Valiyaveettil Manoj , Hmel Peter , Ransom Janet H. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDThe short dating period of room temperature–stored platelets (PLTs; 5‐7 days) limits their availability at far‐forward combat facilities and at remote civilian sites in the United States. PLT cryopreservation in 6% DMSO and storage for up to 2 years may improve timely availability for bleeding patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA dose escalation trial of DMSO‐cryopreserved PLTs (CPPs) compared to standard liquid‐stored PLTs (LSPs) was performed in bleeding patients with thrombocytopenia. Within each of four cohorts, six patients received escalating doses of CPP (0.5 unit, 1 unit, and sequential transfusions of 2 and 3 units) and one received a LSP transfusion. Patients were monitored for adverse events (AEs), coagulation markers, PLT responses, and hemostatic efficacy.RESULTSPatients with a World Health Organization bleeding score of 2 or more received from 0.5 to 3 units of CPP (n = 24) or 1 unit of LSP (n = 4). There were no related thrombotic or other serious AEs experienced. Mild transfusion‐related AEs of chills and fever (n = 1), transient increased respiratory rate (n = 1), DMSO‐related skin odor (n = 2), and headache (n = 1) were observed after CPP transfusion. Among CPP recipients 14 of 24 (58%) had improved bleeding scores, including three of seven (43%) patients who had intracerebral bleeding. CPP posttransfusion PLT increments were significantly less than those of LSPs; however, days to next transfusion were the same. After transfusion, the CPP recipients had improvements in some variables of thrombin generation tests and thromboelastography.CONCLUSIONCryopreserved PLT transfusions appear to be safe and effective when given to bleeding patients with thrombocytopenia.
Comparison of automated and manual methods for washing red blood cells
Authors: Proffitt Susan , Curnow Elinor , Brown Chloe , Bashir Saber , Cardigan Rebecca 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDWe sought to compare the quality of washed red blood cells (RBCs) produced using the ACP215 device or manual methods with different combinations of wash and storage solutions. Our aim was to establish manual methods of washing that would permit a shelf life of more than 24 hours.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSFourteen‐day‐old RBCs were pooled, split, and washed in one of five ways: 1) using the ACP215 and stored in SAGM, 2) manually washed and stored in saline, 3) manually washed in saline and stored in SAGM, 4) manually washed in saline‐glucose and stored in SAGM, and 5) manually washed and stored in SAGM. Additional units were pooled and split, washed manually or using the ACP215, and irradiated on Day 14. Units were sampled to 14 days after washing and storage at 4 ± 2°C.RESULTSAll washed RBCs met specification for volume (200‐320 mL) and hemoglobin (Hb) content (>40 g/unit). Removal of plasma proteins was better using manual methods: residual immunoglobulin A in saline‐glucose–washed cells 0.033 (0.007‐0.058) mg/dL manual versus 0.064 (0.026‐0.104) mg/dL ACP215 (median, range). Hb loss was lower in manually washed units (mean, ≤ 2.0g/unit) than in ACP215‐washed units (mean, 6.1 g/unit). Disregarding saline‐washed and stored cells, hemolysis in all nonirradiated units was less than 0.8% 14 days after washing. As expected, the use of SAGM to store manually washed units improved adenosine triphosphate, glucose, lactate, and pH versus storage in saline.CONCLUSIONThe data suggest that the shelf life of manually washed RBCs could be extended to 14 days if stored in SAGM instead of saline.
The Difference in Neuromuscular Fatigue and Workload During Competition and Training in Elite Cricketers
Authors: Cooke Kieran , Outram Tom , Brandon Raph , Waldron Mark , Vickery Will , Keenan James , Tallent Jamie 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: First, to assess changes in neuromuscular function via alterations in countermovement-jump strategy after training and 2 forms of competition and second, to compare the relationship between workloads and fatigue in seam bowlers and nonseam bowlers. Methods: Twenty-two professional cricketers’ neuromuscular function was assessed at baseline, immediately post and +24 h posttraining, and after multiday and 1-day cricket events. In addition, perceptual (rating of perceived exertion [RPE] and soreness) measures and external loads (PlayerLoad™, number of sprints, total distance, and overs) were monitored across all formats. Results: Seam bowlers covered more distance, completed more sprints, and had a higher RPE in training (P < .05), without any difference in soreness compared with nonseam bowlers. Compared with seam bowlers, the nonseam bowlers’ peak force decreased post-24 h compared with baseline only in 1-d cricket (95% CI, 2.1–110.0 N; P < .04). There were no pre–post training or match differences in jump height or alterations in jump strategy (P > .05). Seam bowlers increased their peak jumping force from baseline to immediately posttraining or game (95% CI, 28.8–132.4 N; P < .01) but decreased between postcricket to +24 h (95% CI, 48.89–148.0 N; P < .001). Conclusion: Seam bowlers were more accustomed to high workloads than nonseamers and thus more fatigue resistant. Changes in jump height or strategy do not appear to be effective methods of assessing fatigue in professional crickets. More common metrics such as peak force are more sensitive.
Higher- Versus Lower-Intensity Strength-Training Taper: Effects on Neuromuscular Performance
Authors: Pritchard Hayden J. , Barnes Matthew J. , Stewart Robin J. , Keogh Justin W. , McGuigan Michael R. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: To investigate the effects of strength-training tapers of different intensities but equal volume reductions on neuromuscular performance. Methods: Eleven strength-trained men (21.3 [3.3] y, 92.3 [17.6] kg, relative 1-repetition-maximum deadlift 1.9 [0.2] times bodyweight) completed a crossover study. Specifically, two 4-wk strength-training blocks were followed by a taper week with reduced volume (∼70%) involving either increased (5.9%) or decreased (−8.5%) intensity. Testing occurred pretraining (T1), posttraining (T2), and posttaper (T3). Salivary testosterone and cortisol, plasma creatine kinase, a Daily Analysis of Life Demands in Athletes questionnaire, countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric midthigh pull, and isometric bench press were measured. Results: CMJ height improved significantly over time (P < .001), with significant increases from T1 (38.0 [5.5] cm) to both T2 (39.3 [5.3] cm; P = .010) and T3 (40.0 [5.3] cm; P = .001) and from T2 to T3 (P = .002). CMJ flight time:contraction time increased significantly over time (P = .004), with significant increases from T1 (0.747 [0.162]) to T2 (0.791 [0.163]; P = .012). Isometric midthigh-pull relative peak force improved significantly over time (P = .033), with significant increases from T1 (34.7 [5.0] N/kg) to T2 (35.9 [4.8] N/kg; P = .013). No significant changes were found between tapers. However, the higher-intensity taper produced small effect-size increases at T3 vs T1 for isometric midthigh-pull relative peak force, CMJ height, and flight time:contraction time, while the lower-intensity taper only produced small effect-size improvements at T3 vs T1 for CMJ height. Conclusions: A strength-training taper with volume reductions had a positive effect on power, with a tendency for the higher-intensity taper to produce more favorable changes in strength and power.
Tubercular septal abscess in a postoperative patient: a novel entity
Authors: Sarwar Fatima , Sheikh Sana , Khan Naqeeb Ullah , Fatima Syeda Nidaa 
Published: September 2018

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is a rather uncommon and potentially challenging phenomenon. Such manifestation, particularly in the scenario of a late postoperative period, is extremely rare and requires a high index of suspicion, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.We present the case scenario of a patient with history of successfully treated pulmonary tuberculosis many years earlier, without any signs of recurrence, who developed primary nasal septal tuberculosis after undergoing septoplasty to correct his septal deviation. His postoperative course remained uneventful for 4 months. He then presented with a spontaneous nasal septal abscess, which proved to be tubercular in nature on investigations. Appropriate diagnosis was established, and the patient was treated successfully with antituberculous therapy.Recurrent tuberculosis may present a diagnostic challenge for healthcare professionals. Only a high index of suspicion, modern diagnostic tools and institution of appropriate treatment including surgical intervention as required will ensure a promising outcome.
Rationale and design of a cohort study on primary ovarian insufficiency in female survivors of Hodgkin’s lymphoma: influence on long-term adverse effects (SOPHIA)
Authors: Krul Inge M , Opstal-van Winden Annemieke W J , Zijlstra Josée M , Appelman Yolande , Schagen Sanne B , Meijboom Lilian J , Serné Erik , Lambalk Cornelis B , Lips Paul , van Dulmen-den Broeder Eline , Hauptmann Michael , Daniëls Laurien A , Aleman Berthe M P , van Leeuwen Flora E 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionHodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) has become the prototype of a curable disease. However, many young survivors suffer from late adverse effects of treatment. Both chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) may induce primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), which has been associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD), neurocognitive dysfunction and possibly cardiovascular disease (CVD). While the general assumption is that POI increases CVD risk, other hypotheses postulate reverse causality, suggesting that cardiovascular risk factors determine menopausal age or that biological ageing underlies both POI and CVD risk. None of these hypotheses are supported by convincing evidence. Furthermore, most studies on POI-associated conditions have been conducted in women with early natural or surgery-induced menopause with short follow-up times. In this study, we will examine the long-term effects of CT-induced and/or RT-induced POI on BMD, cardiovascular status, neurocognitive function and quality of life in female HL survivors.Methods and analysisThis study will be performed within an existing Dutch cohort of HL survivors. Eligible women were treated for HL at ages 15–39 years in three large hospitals since 1965 and survived for ≥8 years after their diagnosis. Women visiting a survivorship care outpatient clinic will be invited for a neurocognitive, cardiovascular and BMD assessment, and asked to complete several questionnaires and to provide a blood sample. Using multivariable regression analyses, we will compare the outcomes of HL survivors who developed POI with those who did not. Cardiovascular status will also be compared with women with natural POI.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Netherlands Cancer Institute and has been registered at ‘Toetsingonline’ from the Dutch Central Committee on Research involving Human Subjects (file no. NL44714.031.13). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and will be incorporated in follow-up guidelines for HL survivors.