bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to the Implementation of Dental Insurance in Indonesia as Perceived by Primary Dentists
Authors: Dewanto Iwan , Koontongkaew Sitichai , Widyastuti Niken 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: In 2014, the government of Indonesia launched the National Health Insurance (NHI) system. The system faced challenges in terms of its implementation because it changed the funding scheme within the pre-established health services structure. Under the new NHI system, the funding scheme for primary care providers is a capitation system; in the field of dental care, this means primary dentists received payment based on the amount number of participants enrolled within their geographical area.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe primary dentists’ perceived constraints toward the implementation of the NHI system and their level of knowledge about managed care in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Methods: To determine dentists’ perceptions about the implementation of NHI and their knowledge about managed care, we surveyed dentists in a descriptive study. Two types of questionnaire were administered to 91 dentists who work at community health centers (CHCs) in Yogyakarta, using the total population sampling technique.

Result: Through the surveys, we determined that 78 dentists (71%) perceived constraints related to capitation, 65 dentists (72%) perceived constraints related to benefits packages, 59 dentists (65%) perceived constraints related to workload, and 23 dentists (25%) perceived constraints related to dental health facilities. In terms of their knowledge of managed care, 46 respondents (50.5%) demonstrated a good knowledge of managed care, 43 respondents (47.3%) had moderate knowledge, and 2 respondents (2.2%) had poor knowledge.

Conclusion: The constraints to managed care, as perceived by primary dentists, should be taken into account when implementing the NHI system in Yogyakarta, as these perceptions could affect the system’s success.
Effectiveness of health education materials in general practice waiting rooms: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Maskell Katherine , McDonald Paula , Paudyal Priyamvada 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundHealth education materials (HEMs) are widely used in general practice. However, there is little information on the variety of HEMs currently available to patients in the UK, or their preferences for accessing educational materials.AimTo assess patients’ perceptions of HEMs, and the variety and accessibility of these materials.Design and settingCross-sectional study conducted in general practices in Brighton and Hove.MethodAn anonymous questionnaire was distributed to patients in the waiting room (WR). Additionally, an audit was conducted to measure the variety of the HEMs. Results were analysed using binary multiple logistic regression.ResultsIn all, 556 participants (response rate 83.1%) from 19 practices took part. The mean age of participants was 49.3 years (SD ±18.9) and 63% were female. Perceived usefulness of HEMs was associated with reading in the WR using written HEMs, and not having a university degree; noticeability was associated with reading in the WR, and being female; attractiveness was associated with not having a university degree and shorter waiting time. On average, WRs contained 72 posters covering 23 topics, and 53 leaflets covering 24 topics, with many outdated and poorly presented materials of limited accessibility.ConclusionThis study found substantial variation in the amount, topicality, and quality of material available in WRs. As most patients notice HEMs and find them useful, available technology could be better utilised to widen access to HEMs. The introduction of wireless free internet (Wi-Fi) to waiting rooms should provide an opportunity to update this area.
The Temperature and Ionization of Unshocked Ejecta in Cas A
Authors: Raymond J. C. , Koo B.-C. , Lee Y.-H. , Milisavljevic D. , Fesen R. A. , Chilingarian I. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The supernova remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A) is one of the few remnants in which it is possible to observe unshocked ejecta. A deep 1.64 μm image of Cas A shows a patch of diffuse emission from unshocked ejecta, as well as brighter emission from fast-moving knots and quasi-stationary flocculi. Emission at 1.64 μm is usually interpreted as [Fe ii] emission, and spectra of the bright knots confirm this by showing the expected emission in other [Fe ii] lines. We performed near-infrared spectroscopy on the diffuse emission region and found that the unshocked ejecta emission does not show those lines, but rather shows the [Si i] 1.607 μm line. This means that the 1.64 μm line from the unshocked ejecta may be the [Si i] 1.645 line from the same upper level, rather than [Fe ii]. We find that the [Si i] line is formed by recombination, and we use the [Si i] to [Si ii] ratio to infer a temperature of about 100 K, which is close to the value assumed for an analysis of low-frequency radio absorption and that can be inferred from emission by cool dust. Our results constrain estimates of Cas A’s total mass of unshocked ejecta that are extremely sensitive to temperature assumptions, but they do not resolve the ambiguity due to clumping.
A Tangle of Stellar Streams in the North Galactic Cap
Authors: Weiss Jake , Newberg Heidi Jo , Desell Travis 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Stellar halo substructures were identified using statistical photometric parallax of blue main-sequence turnoff stars from 14 Sloan Digital Sky Survey stripes in the north Galactic cap. Four structures are consistent with previous measurements of the Sagittarius dwarf tidal stream: the leading tail, the “bifurcated” stream, the trailing tail, and Stream C. The stellar overdensity in Virgo, about 15 kpc from the Sun, could arise from the crossing of the Parallel Stream and a new, candidate stream dubbed the Perpendicular Stream. The data suggests the presence of a wide stream near NGC 5466, with a distance of 5–15 kpc. Measurements of the flattening of the smooth stellar halo from the 14 stripes average q = 0.58, with a dispersion of 0.04.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of acute cytotoxic liver damage as potential biological targets for magnesium-containing cell-protective drug
Authors: Dudina Marina O. , Suslova Irina R. , Khalzova Mariya S. , Dergunova Juliya V. , Kogan Evgeniya A. , Roshchin Dmitry A. , Samyshina Elena A. , Morozov Mikhail A. , Dydykin Sergey S. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction. Many anti-tumor drugs have a high potential for toxic damage to liver cells, which makes it necessary to identify molecular mechanisms of the development of the negative impact of drugs on the liver and to develop effective methods for preventing and correcting this adverse effect.
Materials and methods. The study was performed on 30 nonlinear white rats of both sexes weighing 180–220 g, divided into 3 equal groups (n = 10 in each): intact control, control with liver pathology and experimental group of rats receiving the test substance LBK-527 at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day intragastrically one hour before the administration of a hepatoxic cytarabine. In the animals of the latter two groups, acute drug-induced hepatitis was simulated by intravenous administration of 2 g/m2 cytarabine in physiological saline for 5 days. Liver pathomorphology was studied on specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Sudan III and by Van Gieson; a semi-quantitative method for assessing the depth of inflammatory and dystrophic organ damage was used. In the blood plasma, the activity of ASAT, ALAT, GGTP, and APF was determined. Tissue concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-10 and HGF were determined by quantitative ELISA. Expression of Bcl-2 and Ki-67 was studied by immunohistochemistry. The proliferation index was calculated.
Results and discussion. Daily administration of LBK-527 for 5 days restrains the depth of cytarabine-induced pathomorphological changes in the liver, reduces the prevalence of the dystrophic and inflammatory process, increases the anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential of the hepatic parenchyma, inhibits the programmed death of hepatocytes and reduces the activity of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes.
Conclusion. Magnesium-containing cell-protective substance LBK-527 protects liver from cytarabine-induced injury.
Uso de Twitter en los MOOC: Nuevas formas de interacción juvenil y su influencia en el aprendizaje
Authors: Marta-Lazo Carmen , Valero-Errazu Diana , Gabelas Barroso José Antonio 
Published: October 2018

Este artículo analiza las nuevas formas de interacción de los jóvenes dentro de un entorno de aprendizaje no formal, en la enseñanza a través de MOOC. El objetivo es identificar la influencia de la retroalimentación a través de Twitter en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Metodología: en primer lugar, se realiza un análisis de regresión múltiple para determinar qué factores tienen mayor efecto sobre el aprendizaje y, posteriormente, determinar en qué medida influye la retroalimentación, tanto dada como recibida, en diferentes variables: compromiso, motivación, participación, disfrute/satisfacción, autoevaluación y resultados de aprendizaje, mediante un contraste de medias por segmentos. Resultados: se constata que dar retroalimentacióna través de Twitter influye positivamente en el aprendizaje, mientras que recibirlo pasivamente no obtiene resultados concluyentes. Discusión y conclusiones:tanto la motivación y la participación de los estudiantes como la satisfacción con el uso del diálogo de Twitter tienen un efecto positivo sobre el aprendizaje.
La lógica de lo «irracional»: guerra y violencia en El Salvador.
Authors: Ocampo Saravia Tania 
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo retoma parte de una investigación de doctorado en Estudios Latinoamericanos, en la que abordo el tema de la violencia durante la guerra civil en El Salvador (1980-1992), así como sus antecedentes. En dicho trabajo intento entender cómo durante la década de los setenta se construyeron dinámicas específicas de violencia, sobre todo ejercidas desde el estado, que culminaron con el estallamiento de una guerra civil en los años ochenta. Parto de la hipótesis de que el periodo de la guerra constituyó un momento en el cual las dinámicas preexistentes de violencia se profundizaron, a partir de la construcción de otro que se debía eliminar, también conocido como “enemigo interno”. Como se verá, se trata de la exposición de conclusiones preliminares que, de ninguna manera deben interpretarse como aseveraciones definitivas; en todo caso, busco presentar los horizontes y las preguntas sobre las que he construido la que, a mi parecer, constituye el intento de ofrecer una nueva interpretación de un fenómeno tan complejo, como lo es el de la guerra en El Salvador.Revista de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, n° 10, julio-diciembre 2017: 59-86
Sambo’s Boys: The Rise and Fall of the New Orleans Jazz, 1974–79
Authors: Aiello Thomas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The New Orleans Jazz was founded by California restaurant owner Sam Battistone, whose chain of restaurants known as Sambo’s featured racist iconography in its establishments. Race too undoubtedly played a role in the demise of the Jazz, as it had in the dismantling of the Atlanta Hawks after its move from St. Louis, but such was not the team’s principal failing. Neither had race been the principal failing of the city’s American Basketball Association (ABA) predecessor, the Buccaneers. Ultimately, the Jazz was shaped by the histories of the Deep South’s first National Basketball Association team and its first ABA team. Racism and the foreignness of a “black sport” like professional basketball, then, combined with an overexuberant civic ideal that sought a place for New Orleans in the burgeoning Sunbelt by bringing in professional sports to bolster a reputation that the city was not ready to embrace.
Cuckoo Collins: The Crooked Path of a Nineteenth-Century Professional Sprinter
Authors: Lindell Lisa R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The experiences of sprinter James “Cuckoo” Collins provide a frontline view into the history and popular perception of professional foot racing in late nineteenth-century America. Collins’s colorful career embodies both the openness and the excesses of this freewheeling chapter in track and field history and coincides with the final years of professional running as it transitioned to the more regulated and narrowed focus of amateurism. The convergent trajectory of an individual career and a once flourishing sport emerges through an examination of newspapers and other contemporary accounts, along with current scholarship on the rise and fall of pedestrianism.
Was Royce Christian?
Authors: Clendenning John 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
All of those acquainted with the philosophy of Josiah Royce know that he was—in both thought and person—intensely religious, but no one has explored this subject more profoundly and fruitfully than Frank Oppenheim. Throughout his scholarly career—spanning more than a half-century—Oppenheim has illuminated, more fully than any of his predecessors, the essential “Christian doctrine of life” that Royce professed: the interlaced triad of Loyalty, the Beloved Community, and the Realm of Grace. In what follows, I do not dispute Oppenheim’s interpretation of Royce’s religious philosophy. His sharp eye and rigorous scholarship have been constant guides in my research. However, I do approach this subject—as will be apparent—from a different viewpoint, one that I hope will complement Oppenheim’s enduring studies.
Metaphoric Perceptions of School Principals towards Physical Education Term
Authors: Araç Ilgar Ebru , Cihan Bekir Barış 
Published: October 2018

Abstract It is very crucial to know how the notion of physical education is perceived by the Principals who are responsible for the school administration and to know the mission and visions they have put on these concepts. The aim of this study is to reveal the metaphoric perceptions of school Principals about physical education concept. The research group is consisted of 153 school principals in Ankara in 2017-2018 academic year. The datum is like “Physical Education is like .........., it is because .......” It was gathered with an open-ended survey containing the sentence. Content analysis technique was used in data analysis and interpretation. In this research, the data were analyzed under the headings of coding and sorting, category development, validity and reliability, data interpretation by taking into consideration the content analysis stages. Metaphors were gathered in 6 different categories as a result of the grouping formed according to the common characteristics of 66 metaphors produced by school Principals related to the concept of Physical Education. Among the metaphors produced by the school principals, it is seen that the most used ones are lesson, activity, power, socialization, discharge and need. Keywords: school management, physical education, metaphor
Faktor Terpenting dalam Membangun Unique Selling Proposition untuk Menjangkau Konsumen Kelas Menengah Indonesia
Authors: Anggrianto Christian , Shaari Nassiriah , Abdul Hamid Norsiah Binti 
Published: October 2018

Indonesia mampu mencatat angka pertumbuhan ekonomi yang relatif tinggi dan konsisten meski dunia dilanda krisis keuangan global serta memiliki peningkatan angka konsumsi domestik yang kuat. Pertumbuhan kelas menengahnya membuat Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara berkembang yang menarik perhatian para Investor dan pebisnis, hal tersebut secara tidak langsung menimbulkan persaingan yang makin tajam untuk merebut pasar kelas menengah Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor terpenting dalam membangun unique selling proposition untuk menjangkau konsumen kelas menengah indonesia. Landasan teori penelitian ini adalah teori Unique selling proposition, postioning, branding, dan kelas menengah Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah metode penelitian triangulasi, yang sering digunakan dalam penelitian sains sosial yang mengacu pada aplikasi dan kombinasi beberapa metode penelitian dalam studi fenomena yang sama, dan melakukan wawancara pada narasumber yang berpengalaman dalam bidang.
Bioimaging of Intact Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles Using Aggregation‐Caused Quenching Probes: Size‐Dependent Translocation via Oral Delivery
Authors: He Haisheng , Xie Yunchang , Lv Yongjiu , Qi Jianping , Dong Xiaochun , Zhao Weili , Wu Wei , Lu Yi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe limited information on biological fate impedes the development of more efficient polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery of bio‐macromolecules. In this study, the in vivo fate as well as the trans‐epithelia transport of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles is explored by labeling with aggregation‐caused quenching probes, which is capable of identifying intact nanoparticles. Live imaging and confocal laser scan microscopy confirm size‐dependent absorption of PCL nanoparticles. In general, reducing particle size favors a faster and more oral absorption. Nanoparticles larger than 200 nm, such as 600 and 2000 nm, cannot be efficiently transported across the intestinal membrane. The absorbed nanoparticles (50 and 200 nm) mainly accumulate in the liver. Lymph may be the main absorption route for PCL nanoparticles, transporting 2.39 ± 1.81% and 0.98 ± 0.58% of administered 50 and 200 nm nanoparticles, respectively. Cellular uptake and transportation of PCL nanoparticles are also size dependent. Both enterocytes and M cells mediated transcytosis are involved in the transport of 50 nm PCL nanoparticles, while the M cell pathway is dominative for other nanoparticles. In conclusion, the study provides a valuable tool for bioimaging of intact polymeric nanoparticles as well as solid evidence supporting size‐dependent translocation of the nanoparticles via oral delivery.
Efficient Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts from N‐Doped Carbon Nanomaterials: Mono‐Doping and Co‐Doping
Authors: Gao Kun , Wang Bin , Tao Li , Cunning Benjamin V. , Zhang Zhipan , Wang Shuangyin , Ruoff Rodney S. , Qu Liangti 
Published: October 2018

AbstractN‐doped carbon nanomaterials have rapidly grown as the most important metal‐free catalysts in a wide range of chemical and electrochemical reactions. This current report summarizes the latest advances in N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts prepared by N mono‐doping and co‐doping with other heteroatoms. The structure–performance relationship of these materials is subsequently rationalized and perspectives on developing more efficient and sustainable electrocatalysts from carbon nanomaterials are also suggested.
A Multilayer Film Based Selective Thermal Emitter for Infrared Stealth Technology
Authors: Peng Liang , Liu Dongqing , Cheng Haifeng , Zhou Shen , Zu Mei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEngineering the radiation characteristics for the design of selective thermal emitters has been a hot topic for decades and is of great value in the fields of thermophotovoltaic systems, radiative cooling, and infrared stealth. In this paper, a Ag/Ge multilayer film based selective emitter for infrared stealth is demonstrated using an ultrathin metal film and impedance matching to tune the radiation characteristics. Herein, a novel approach for infrared stealth that relies on the combination of emissivity (ε) reduction in the atmospheric windows (3–5 and 8–14 µm) and radiative cooling in a nonatmospheric window (5–8 µm) is proposed. The fabricated selective emitter has low emissivity (ε3‐5 µm = 0.18; ε8‐14 µm = 0.31) in the atmospheric windows for infrared “invisibility” and high emissivity (ε5‐8 µm = 0.82) outside the atmospheric window for radiative cooling and functions from ambient temperature to 200 °C. Compared with low‐emissivity materials, the selective emitter exhibits higher radiative cooling efficiency in vacuum and practical environments and presents lower apparent temperatures on infrared cameras. Moreover, the proposed selective emitter, with a planar and simple structure, is scalable, allowing flexible large‐area fabrication. The work demonstrates that selective emissive materials have promising applications in infrared stealth technology.
Electrochemical Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Amines for the Synthesis of 3‐Aminoquinoxalinones
Authors: Li Ke‐Jing , Xu Kun , Liu Yong‐Guo , Zeng Cheng‐Chu , Sun Bao‐Guo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the synthesis of 3‐aminoquinoxalinones via the electrochemical dehydrogenative C‐3 amination of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones was developed. With aliphatic amines and azoles as the nitrogen sources, a series of 3‐aminoquinoxalinones was obtained in up to 99% yield. This direct electrolytic method avoids the use of transition metals and external oxidants, and represents an appealing alternative for the synthesis of 3‐aminoquinoxalinones.magnified image
Efficient Activation of Nanomechanical Resonators
Authors: Hafiz Md. Abdullah Al , Jaber Nizar , Kazmi Syed Naveed Riaz , Hasan Mohammad , Alsaleem Fadi , Younis Mohammad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElectrostatically transduced nano‐electromechanical system resonators operating in the very high and ultra‐high frequency bands are promising for many practical applications. However, electrostatically transduced nanoscale devices commonly suffer from poor transduction efficiency due to the reduced capacitive area for actuation and detection. Also, the requirement of ultra‐high actuation forces renders exploitation of their higher‐order vibration modes and the desirable nonlinear behaviors practically beyond reach. Hence, it is imperative to develop a methodology that efficiently actuates nano and sub‐micrometer scale highly stiff resonators with low voltages available in a standard integrated circuit. Here, the utilization of the passive voltage amplification across the inductor of an inductor–capacitor LC tank resonant circuit to efficiently actuate nanoresonators with high forcing amplitude is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed technique is simple and flexible in its implementation, and does not require any active electronic components. A forcing amplification up to 19 times (≈25 dB) is experimentally shown, which can be improved further by reducing the electrical damping in the tank circuit. In addition, two independent ports on the same device for force amplification are shown, which, if simultaneously activated, can increase the overall forcing amplitude by an order of magnitude exceeding hundreds of amplification gain.
Symmetry‐Broken Atom Configurations at Grain Boundaries and Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis in Perovskite Oxides
Authors: Heo Yoon , Choi Seungkyu , Bak Jumi , Kim Hye‐Sung , Bae Hyung Bin , Chung Sung‐Yoon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA grain boundary forms as an internal interface when two crystalline grains with mutually different crystallographic orientations are in direct contact with each other. As a result, atomic arrangement at grain boundaries differs from that of the bulk, showing serious displacements deviating from the original symmetric positions. As these symmetry‐broken configurations are difficult to achieve in the bulk crystals, grain boundaries are considered distinctive platforms that can exhibit new physical properties. By using both sintered polycrystals with various grain sizes and thin films on bicrystal substrates, it is directly verified that surface‐terminating grain boundaries in LaCoO3 and LaMnO3 are exceptional in oxygen evolution electrocatalysis, showing more than an order of magnitude higher activity. A combination of atomic‐scale structure observation and density functional theory calculations demonstrates that the displacement of atoms in metal–oxygen octahedra correlates with significant splitting of the degenerate transition‐metal 3d orbitals, and subsequently much easier charge transfer between metals and oxygen is attained. In addition to identifying the grain boundaries as strikingly active sites, the findings suggest that symmetry breaking by atom displacements in metal–oxygen octahedra is an efficient approach to remarkably enhance the oxygen electrocatalytic efficiency in perovskite oxides.