bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrasubject comparison of digital vs. conventional workflow for screw‐retained single‐implant crowns: Prosthodontic and patient‐centered outcomes
Authors: Delize Vincent , Bouhy Alice , Lambert France , Lamy Marc 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this intrasubject clinical study was to measure and compare prosthodontic and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the fabrication of implant‐supported, all‐ceramic single crowns with a full digital workflow and a conventional workflow.Materials and methodsThirty‐one patients were subjected to first a digital (test group) and then a conventional impression (control group) at the same visit. From the intraoral optical scanner (IOS), a screw‐retained, monolithic crown was delivered according to a complete digital workflow (no cast), whereas a veneered crown on a zirconia (Zi) frame was provided as a control treatment. Both crowns were assessed during the clinical stages of try‐in. Prosthodontic outcomes (contact points, occlusion, PROMs, and esthetic results using the white esthetic score [WES]) were assessed.ResultsOcclusion and interproximal contacts showed comparable results for the two workflows (p = 0.37 and p = 0.36, respectively), whereas the global WES was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in the control group. Patient satisfaction scores, using visual analog scales (VAS), were significantly better for IOS than for conventional impressions (p = 0.0098). On the contrary, patients’ perception of the esthetic outcomes showed significantly higher value (p < 0.0001) in the control group.ConclusionsBoth workflows allowed the delivery of ceramic crowns within two appointments. The clinical fit was acceptable in both groups. A better esthetic outcome, in both patients’ and clinicians’ opinions, was found in the control group. PROMs showed higher satisfaction with the IOS.
Strengthening China's national biodiversity strategy to attain an ecological civilization
Authors: Wu Ruidong , Possingham Hugh P. , Yu Guangzhi , Jin Tong , Wang Junjun , Yang Feiling , Liu Shiliang , Ma Jianzhong , Liu Xi , Zhao Haiwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBiodiversity conservation is essential for realizing China's new vision of an ecological civilization. China has been implementing numerous massive ecological sustainability and protected area (ES&PA) programs across the entire country. These programs have greatly restored degraded ecological environments, improved provisions of critical ecosystem services and increased rural livelihoods. However, despite the general improvements in environmental quality, the trend of rapid biodiversity loss has not been significantly reduced. We found that most of the current ES&PA programs lack explicit biodiversity goals, and thus have limited contributions to the conservation of biodiversity. Given the limited resources available for and huge investments associated with these programs, achieving greater biodiversity gains under them is the most cost‐effective way to conserve biodiversity. We recommend six strategies for strengthening the country's biodiversity conservation, that is, strengthening biodiversity in ES&PA programs, PAs as the core, integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services, delivering effective monitoring, broad inclusiveness of stakeholders and mainstreaming biodiversity. These strategies also highlight China's priorities for achieving significant progresses toward the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, and should be important options for developing China's post‐2020 biodiversity framework.
Plant composition, not richness, drives occurrence of specialist herbivores
Authors: Knuff Anna K. , Staab Michael , Frey Julian , Helbach Jan , Klein Alexandra‐Maria 
Published: June 2019

1. How herbivore plant diversity relationships are shaped by the interplay of biotic and abiotic environmental variables is only partly understood. For instance, plant diversity is commonly assumed to determine abundance and richness of associated specialist herbivores. However, this relationship can be altered when environmental variables such as temperature covary with plant diversity.2. Using gall‐inducing arthropods as focal organisms, biotic and abiotic environmental variables were tested for their relevance to specialist herbivores and their relationship to host plants. In particular, the hypothesis that abundance and richness of gall‐inducing arthropods increase with plant richness was addressed. Additionally, the study asked whether communities of gall‐inducing arthropods match the communities of their host plants.3. Neither abundance nor species richness of gall‐inducing arthropods was correlated with plant richness or any other of the tested environmental variables. Instead, the number of gall species found per plant decreased with plant richness. This indicates that processes of associational resistance may explain the specialised plant herbivore relationship in our study.4. Community composition of gall‐inducing arthropods matched host plant communities. In specialised plant herbivore relationships, the presence of obligate host plant species is a prerequisite for the occurrence of its herbivores.5. It is concluded that the abiotic environment may only play an indirect role in shaping specialist herbivore communities. Instead, the occurrence of specialist herbivore communities might be best explained by plant species composition. Thus, plant species identity should be considered when aiming to understand the processes that shape diversity patterns of specialist herbivores.
Dental bridging as a treatment for large oral fistulae in two horses
Authors: Storms N. , Salciccia A. , de la Rebière de Pouyade G. , Evrard L. , Grulke S. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryChronic orocutaneous, oronasal, or orosinus fistulae can be challenging to repair. This report describes placement of a dental bridge as a treatment for oral fistulae and outcome in two horses. A 12‐year‐old, Westphalian gelding was presented for nasal discharge because of an oromaxillary fistula after dental repulsion of the Triadan 209 4 years earlier. The second case, a 5‐year‐old Oldenburg mare was presented for an orocutaneous fistula 7 weeks after dental repulsion of the Triadan 208. Both were treated by placing an 8‐shaped cerclage wire, inserted through the rostral and caudal interdental spaces and crossing at the level of the missing tooth. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was then used to seal the fistula. No significant complications occurred during or after the surgery. In both cases clinical signs did not recur. In the first case the dental bridge is currently (5 years after the intervention) in place. In Case 2 the construction was removed after 1.5 years and the fistula had healed completely. This case report suggests that placing a dental bridge composed of cerclage wire andPMMAshould be considered as an easy, noninvasive and efficient way to manage large oromaxillary or orocutaneous fistulae.
HOw Patients view Extended half‐life products: Impressions from real‐world experience (The HOPE study)
Authors: Khair Kate , Pollard Debra , Harrison Catherine , Hook Susan , O’Driscoll Mike , Holland Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionExtended half‐life (EHL) clotting factors have been shown to offer people with haemophilia (PwH) protection from bleeding with fewer infusions, which might reduce treatment burden.AimThe HOw Patients view Extended half‐life products (HOPE) study aimed to explore, understand and describe patient expectations around the prophylactic use of EHL products and to establish whether these expectations were met through individual follow‐up analysis.MethodsThe HOPE study was a prospective, qualitative cohort study conducted among PwH who had switched to Fc fusion protein EHL products in routine clinical care and who had not been recruited to clinical trials of these products. Semi‐structured audio‐recorded interviews were undertaken over two time points; transcripts were analysed to systematically generate theory from data that contains both inductive and deductive thinking.ResultsForty‐three interviews were conducted with 25 participants. Most participants were positive about EHL treatment and intended to continue using them. Reduced frequency of infusions meant lives were less disrupted or dominated by haemophilia, and there was less perceived stress on overused veins. For those PwH who did not reduce infusion frequency, there were other perceived benefits from EHLs with respect to greater protection with higher trough levels and fewer bleeds.ConclusionPatients switching to EHL treatments believe these products will result in fewer infusions and less disruption of everyday life, leaving them feeling more protected with fewer bleeds and increased activity levels, as well as enhanced well‐being and mental health. Understanding patient expectation and experience around using products adds real‐world data to clinical trial experience.
Healthcare professionals in the ‘tainted blood’ era in Canada: Their forgotten emotions
Authors: Poon Man‐Chiu , Shedden Nicole , Card Robert T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionDuring the 1970s and early 1980s, Canada's comprehensive care haemophilic programs were established. Newer therapies led to a rapid increase in quality of life and expected life span for persons with haemophilia (PWH). The outlook was bright. However, beginning in 1982, the appearance of HIV/AIDS transmitted by treatment products led to the ‘tainted blood’ era with its devastating impact on PWH, recently highlighted in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation mini‐series ‘Unspeakable’. What has received less notice is how the healthcare professionals (HCP) managing these patients then were affected.AimTo report the emotional effects of that era on HCPs.MethodsIn developing an oral history of haemophilic care in Canada we have interviewed 76 HCPs, the majority of whom had worked in haemophilic clinics during that era. During each interview, we asked the interviewee to reflect on what this did to haemophilic care and to him/herself. The interview responses were analysed.ResultsHCPs have been markedly affected by the events of the 1980s with feelings that persist more than 30 years later. Most related to the loss of so many of their patients and the inability to alter the rapidly changing course of events at the time.ConclusionThe ‘tainted blood’ era had persistent strong emotional effects on HCPs. They were helpless to stop or to mitigate the devastating epidemics. Wellness support programs were less well developed then. While the focus is in the Canadian context, we suggest that a parallel can be drawn within haemophilic communities in other countries.
Option weights should be determined empirically and not by experts when assessing knowledge with multiple‐choice items
Authors: Diedenhofen Birk , Musch Jochen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMultiple‐choice tests are frequently used in personnel selection contexts to measure knowledge and abilities. Option weighting is an alternative multiple‐choice scoring procedure that awards partial credit for incomplete knowledge reflected in applicants’ distractor choices. We investigated whether option weights should be based on expert judgment or on empirical data when trying to outperform conventional number‐right scoring in terms of reliability and validity. To obtain generalizable results, we used repeated random sub‐sampling validation and found that empirical option weighting, but not expert option weighting, increased the reliability of a knowledge test. Neither option weighting procedure improved test validity. We recommend to improve the reliability of existing ability and knowledge tests used for personnel selection by computing and publishing empirical option weights.
Prostate cancer meeting the Japanese active surveillance criteria and diagnosed by community‐based prostate‐specific antigen screening: A 21‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Hongo Fumiya , Okihara Koji , Kitamura Koji , Fujihara Atsuko , Yamada Yasuhiro , Shiraishi Takumi , Konishi Eichi , Ukimura Osamu 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the oncological outcomes of Japanese patients with prostate cancer diagnosed by community‐based prostate‐specific antigen screening during a 21‐year period who satisfied the criteria for active surveillance.MethodsActive surveillance candidates were extracted from the community‐based screening registry of Otokuni district in Kyoto prefecture. The frequency of active surveillance candidates before and after publication of the active surveillance criteria in Japan was analyzed. In addition, we examined the frequency of switching to curative intervention and treatment failure among active surveillance candidates, including the patients who selected active surveillance.ResultsDuring the study period, 868 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 780 of these patients were analyzed. Among them, 190 patients (24%) satisfied our active surveillance criteria (21 and 169 in the pre‐active surveillance era and active surveillance era, respectively). Of the 169 patients in the active surveillance era, 74 initially selected active surveillance. The number of active surveillance candidates increased with increasing age, and the proportion of active surveillance candidates among prostate cancer patients also increased significantly each year (P < 0.001). In the active surveillance group, the median follow‐up period was 4 years and 35% switched to curative intervention. Among the 190 active surveillance candidates, seven died of other causes, but there were no deaths from prostate cancer.ConclusionsChanges of active surveillance candidates in one district of Japan were successfully analyzed by using consistent active surveillance selection criteria and data obtained by a single pathologist. Oncological outcomes were good among active surveillance candidates in the low‐risk group.
Iron insufficiency among young Australian women: a population‐based survey
Authors: Islam Rakibul M. , Bell Robin J. , Skiba Marina A. , Trambas Christina M. , Davis Susan R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough serum ferritin is considered a reliable indicator of iron stores, there are few data documenting the prevalence of low ferritin in representative samples of young women.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of low ferritin and to identify factors associated with low ferritin in young Australian women.MethodsWomen, aged 18–39 years, living in the eastern states of Australia were recruited by email to a cross‐sectional, online questionnaire‐based study between November 2016 and July 2017. Participants not pregnant, breast feeding, taking hormonal contraception, using assisted reproduction or postmenopausal were invited to provide a blood sample.ResultsOf the 3689 invited participants, 761 (23.1%) provided a sample and 736 women, mean (SD) age 31.7 (±5.6) years, were included in the analyses. The overall prevalence of serum ferritin <30 μg/L was 34.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 31.4–38.3%), with 41.4% (35.1–48.0%) in NSW, 31.5% (26.4–37.1%) in Victoria and 32.6% (26.8–39.0%) in Queensland. Serum ferritin <30 μg/L was positively associated with the reporting of >2 days of heavy menstrual bleeding (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.73, 95% CI 1.15–2.59), living in New South Wales (AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.07–2.30), not working outside home (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.01–2.49), and inversely associated with never experiencing heavy menses (AOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23–0.93) and obesity (AOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.21–0.50).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that serum ferritin below 30 μg/L is common amongst young Australian women. Healthcare professionals should note the association between low ferritin and heavy bleeding.
Appropriateness of ultrasound imaging for thyroid pathology, the standard of radiology reporting on thyroid nodules and the detection rates of thyroid malignancy: a tertiary centre retrospective audit
Authors: Joseph Flavian G. , Rubtsov Denis , Davoren Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide without a simultaneous rise in mortality. It is thought that the incidence of non‐clinically significant thyroid cancers are on the rise as a result of more sensitive diagnostic imaging.AimTo determine the number of inappropriate requests for thyroid ultrasound (US), the quality of radiology reporting for thyroid nodules based on accepted guidelines and the resultant number of thyroid cancers identified because of these investigations.MethodsElectronic medical records of patients who underwent thyroid US imaging and thereafter referred to the Endocrine Department at Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland, between July 2014 and July 2017 were reviewed. Data for 251 patients who had thyroid US were analysed and the final 201 patients who were found to have thyroid nodules were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Indications for thyroid US imaging among referring clinicians were assessed and we compared both clinical management and radiology reporting practices of thyroid nodules to the published 2009 and 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines.ResultsThere were 50.2% of patients with initial thyroid US imaging deemed outside of expert recommendations where 42% of these patients required further surveillance imaging and 25.4% required fine needle aspiration of their thyroid nodules. A definite recommendation whether to evaluate thyroid nodules further was provided in 44.8% of radiology reports. There were no radiology reports that described thyroid nodules findings based on patterns as recommended by the 2015 ATA guidelines. Two cases of thyroid cancer were detected including one patient with prior history of thyroid cancer and a second patient with hypothyroidism.ConclusionRoutine use of US thyroid imaging outside expert recommendation is common. There is lack of standardised reporting when assessing thyroid nodules on US. Limiting the initial use of US in cases of palpable neck lumps and the use of systematic reporting according to the 2017 guidelines published by the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System may reduce unnecessary investigations for thyroid nodules in the future.
Best Practice Adherence and Workplace Facilitators and Hindrances for Psychologists Working With Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities and Co‐Morbid Mental Health Concerns
Authors: Man Joyce , Kangas Maria 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA number of practice guidelines are available to set the benchmark for best practice when working with individuals with intellectual disabilities and co‐morbid mental health concerns. However, dissemination and implementation of such guidelines in the context of psychologists' work settings has received little attention. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate adherence to current practice guidelines by Australian psychologists working with this specialist population and explore organizational factors that may facilitate or hinder evidence‐based practice implementation. Thirty‐eight Australian psychologists from government disability and non‐government disability organizations working primarily with individuals with intellectual disability participated in eight semistructured focus groups. Psychologists were presented with a summary of a current Australian practice guideline in dual disabilities and asked about their views of best practice adherence and implementation of the guideline including facilitative and hindering factors influencing implementation. Psychologists reported views consistent with current Australian best practice standards but noted a number of barriers impacting on adherence. Facilitators and hindrances to best practice implementation were discussed in relation to views on applicability of current guideline, organizational level considerations, organizational resources and training, organizational operations, and systemic considerations. Findings highlight the importance of a collaborative and systemic approach in order for practice guidelines to be effectively implemented for psychologists working with disabilities. Implications for policy development and training are discussed.
The influence of landscape, climate and history on spatial genetic patterns in keystone plants (Azorella) on sub‐Antarctic islands
Authors: Chau John H. , Born Céline , McGeoch Melodie A. , Bergstrom Dana , Shaw Justine , Terauds Aleks , Mairal Mario , Le Roux Johannes J. , Jansen van Vuuren Bettine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe distribution of genetic variation in species is governed by factors that act differently across spatial scales. To tease apart the contribution of different processes, especially at intermediate spatial scales, it is useful to study simple ecosystems such as those on sub‐Antarctic oceanic islands. In this study, we characterize spatial genetic patterns of two keystone plant species, Azorella selago on sub‐Antarctic Marion Island and Azorella macquariensis on sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island. Although both islands experience a similar climate and have a similar vegetation structure, they differ significantly in topography and geological history. We genotyped six microsatellites for 1,149 individuals from 123 sites across Marion Island and 372 individuals from 42 sites across Macquarie Island. We tested for spatial patterns in genetic diversity, including correlation with elevation and vegetation type, and clines in different directional bearings. We also examined genetic differentiation within islands, isolation‐by‐distance with and without accounting for direction, and signals of demographic change. Marion Island was found to have a distinct northwest–southeast divide, with lower genetic diversity and more sites with a signal of population expansion in the northwest. We attribute this to asymmetric seed dispersal by the dominant northwesterly winds, and to population persistence in a southwestern refugium during the Last Glacial Maximum. No apparent spatial pattern, but greater genetic diversity and differentiation between sites, was found on Macquarie Island, which may be due to the narrow length of the island in the direction of the dominant winds and longer population persistence permitted by the lack of extensive glaciation on the island. Together, our results clearly illustrate the implications of island shape and geography, and the importance of direction‐dependent drivers, in shaping spatial genetic structure.