bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction models for the risk of spontaneous preterm birth based on maternal characteristics: a systematic review and independent external validation
Authors: Meertens Linda J.E. , van Montfort Pim , Scheepers Hubertina C.J. , van Kuijk Sander M.J. , Aardenburg Robert , Langenveld Josje , van Dooren Ivo M.A. , Zwaan Iris M. , Spaanderman Marc E.A. , Smits Luc J.M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionPrediction models may contribute to personalized risk‐based management of women at high risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. Although prediction models are published frequently, often with promising results, external validation generally is lacking. We performed a systematic review of prediction models for the risk of spontaneous preterm birth based on routine clinical parameters. Additionally, we externally validated and evaluated the clinical potential of the models.Material and methodsPrediction models based on routinely collected maternal parameters obtainable during first 16 weeks of gestation were eligible for selection. Risk of bias was assessed according to the CHARMS guidelines. We validated the selected models in a Dutch multicenter prospective cohort study comprising 2614 unselected pregnant women. Information on predictors was obtained by a web‐based questionnaire. Predictive performance of the models was quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plots for the outcomes spontaneous preterm birth <37 weeks and <34 weeks of gestation. Clinical value was evaluated by means of decision curve analysis and calculating classification accuracy for different risk thresholds.ResultsFour studies describing five prediction models fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Risk of bias assessment revealed a moderate to high risk of bias in three studies. The AUC of the models ranged from 0.54 to 0.67 and from 0.56 to 0.70 for the outcomes spontaneous preterm birth <37 weeks and <34 weeks of gestation, respectively. A subanalysis showed that the models discriminated poorly (AUC 0.51–0.56) for nulliparous women. Although we recalibrated the models, two models retained evidence of overfitting. The decision curve analysis showed low clinical benefit for the best performing models.ConclusionsThis review revealed several reporting and methodological shortcomings of published prediction models for spontaneous preterm birth. Our external validation study indicated that none of the models had the ability to predict spontaneous preterm birth adequately in our population. Further improvement of prediction models, using recent knowledge about both model development and potential risk factors, is necessary to provide an added value in personalized risk assessment of spontaneous preterm birth.
Early echocardiography does not predict subsequent treatment of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Pereira Sujith S. , Kempley Stephen T. , Shah Divyen K. , Morris Joan K. , Sinha Ajay K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo determine whether early echocardiographic ductal parameters identified infants who subsequently received medical or surgical treatment of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).MethodsInfants <29 weeks had PDA size in 2D and colour, flow velocity and patterns obtained on days 1 and 3. Infants were followed up to identify those subsequently receiving treatment for symptomatic PDA by clinicians who were unaware of scan results. Receiver operator characteristics curves and logistic regression were performed.ResultsSixty infants were studied. Mean (SD) gestation and birthweight were 25.8 (1.5) weeks and 817 (190) grams, respectively. Twenty‐four (40%) infants received medical treatment, and nine (15%) infants received surgical ligation of PDA at a median age of 12 and 37 days, respectively. PDA size on days 1 and 3, change in ductal size between days 1 and 3, flow pattern/velocity did not predict whether infants subsequently received medical or surgical management of PDA. Using logistic regression, gestation (p = 0.006) was the only factor that predicted whether infants would subsequently receive medical or surgical treatment for PDA in this cohort.ConclusionEchocardiographic ductal parameters on day 1 or 3 did not identify infants who received PDA treatment. Gestation was the most powerful predictor for receiving medical or surgical treatment of PDA.
Patterns of antidepressant use during pregnancy: a nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Bénard‐Laribière Anne , Pambrun Elodie , Sutter‐Dallay Anne‐Laure , Gautier Sophie , Hurault‐Delarue Caroline , Damase‐Michel Christine , Lacroix Isabelle , Bégaud Bernard , Pariente Antoine 
Published: April 2018

AimsWe explored the patterns of antidepressant use during pregnancy.MethodsA cohort of women who started a pregnancy in 2014 was identified using data from the French reimbursement healthcare system (covering approximately 99% of the population). Antidepressant usage (initiated before or during pregnancy) was assessed. Explored changes in antidepressant treatment were: associations, switches, discontinuation and resumption of antidepressants during pregnancy.ResultsThe cohort included 766 508 pregnancies (755 519 women). Antidepressant use during pregnancy was 25.7 per 1000 [95% CI: 25.3–26.0]. New use concerned 3.9 per 1000 [95% CI: 3.7–4.0]; the most initiated class during pregnancy was selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), while the most prescribed individual drug in second and third trimesters was amitriptyline, a tricyclic. Most changes were observed before pregnancy and during the first trimester: 63% of ongoing treatments in the year before pregnancy were discontinued before conception; 68% of treatments maintained after conception were discontinued during the first trimester; switches or antidepressant associations mostly occurred during the periconceptional period or during the first trimester. Regardless of initial antidepressant, switches to sertraline were the most frequent. Associations mainly consisted of a prescription of tri‐/tetracyclic or mirtazapine/mianserin in addition to an SSRI. Discontinuation during pregnancy led to treatment resumption in 22% of pregnancies.ConclusionsThese results suggest that pregnancy was planned or the treatment especially adapted in accordance with existing recommendations in a large proportion of women under antidepressants or in whom such treatments have been initiated after starting a pregnancy.
Optimization of a drug transporter probe cocktail: potential screening tool for transporter‐mediated drug–drug interactions
Authors: Stopfer Peter , Giessmann Thomas , Hohl Kathrin , Hutzel Sabine , Schmidt Sven , Gansser Dietmar , Ishiguro Naoki , Taub Mitchell E. , Sharma Ashish , Ebner Thomas , Müller Fabian 
Published: April 2018

AimsPrevious pharmacokinetic characterization of a transporter probe cocktail containing digoxin (P‐gp), furosemide (OAT1, OAT3), metformin (OCT2, MATE1, MATE2‐K) and rosuvastatin (OATP1B1, OATP1B3, BCRP) in healthy subjects showed increases in rosuvastatin systemic exposure compared to rosuvastatin alone. In this trial, the doses of metformin and furosemide as putative perpetrators were reduced to eliminate their drug–drug interaction (DDI) with rosuvastatin.MethodsIn a randomized, open‐label, single‐centre, five‐treatment, five‐period crossover trial, 30 healthy male subjects received as reference treatments separately 0.25 mg digoxin, 1 mg furosemide, 10 mg metformin and 10 mg rosuvastatin, and as test treatment all four drugs administered together as a cocktail. Primary pharmacokinetic endpoints were AUC0‐tz (area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration) and Cmax (maximum plasma concentration) of each probe drug.ResultsGeometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals of test (cocktail) to reference (single drug) for AUC0‐tz were 96.4% (88.2–105.3%) for digoxin, 102.6% (93.8–112.3%) for furosemide, 97.5% (93.5–101.6%) for metformin and 105.0% (96.4–114.4%) for rosuvastatin, indicating lack of interaction. The same analysis for Cmax and for pharmacokinetic parameters of urinary excretion of all cocktail components also indicated no DDI.ConclusionsDigoxin (0.25 mg), furosemide (1 mg), metformin (10 mg) and rosuvastatin (10 mg) exhibit no mutual pharmacokinetic interactions and are well tolerated administered as a cocktail. The cocktail is thus optimized and has the potential to be used as a screening tool for clinical investigation of transporter‐mediated DDI.
A Whole‐Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Colistin and Colistin Methanesulfonate in Rat
Authors: Bouchene Salim , Marchand Sandrine , Couet William , Friberg Lena E. , Gobin Patrice , Lamarche Isabelle , Grégoire Nicolas , Björkman Sven , Karlsson Mats O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractColistin is a polymyxin antibiotic used to treat patients infected with multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria (MDR‐GNB). The objective of this work was to develop a whole‐body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (WB‐PBPK) model to predict tissue distribution of colistin in rat. The distribution of a drug in a tissue is commonly characterized by its tissue‐to‐plasma partition coefficient, Kp. Colistin and its prodrug, colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) Kp priors, were measured experimentally from rat tissue homogenates or predicted in silico. The PK parameters of both compounds were estimated fitting in vivo their plasma concentration–time profiles from six rats receiving an i.v. bolus of CMS. The variability in the data was quantified by applying a nonlinear mixed effect (NLME) modelling approach. A WB‐PBPK model was developed assuming a well‐stirred and perfusion‐limited distribution in tissue compartments. Prior information on tissue distribution of colistin and CMS was investigated following three scenarios: Kp was estimated using in silico Kp priors (I) or Kp was estimated using experimental Kp priors (II) or Kp was fixed to the experimental values (III). The WB‐PBPK model best described colistin and CMS plasma concentration–time profiles in scenario II. Colistin‐predicted concentrations in kidneys in scenario II were higher than in other tissues, which was consistent with its large experimental Kp prior. This might be explained by a high affinity of colistin for renal parenchyma and active reabsorption into the proximal tubular cells. In contrast, renal accumulation of colistin was not predicted in scenario I. Colistin and CMS clearance estimates were in agreement with published values. The developed model suggests using experimental priors over in silico Kp priors for kidneys to provide a better prediction of colistin renal distribution. Such models might serve in drug development for interspecies scaling and investigate the impact of disease state on colistin disposition.
The role of defensive symbionts in host–parasite coevolution
Authors: Vorburger Christoph , Perlman Steve J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the coevolution of hosts and parasites is a long‐standing goal of evolutionary biology. There is a well‐developed theoretical framework to describe the evolution of host–parasite interactions under the assumption of direct, two‐species interactions, which can result in arms race dynamics or sustained genotype fluctuations driven by negative frequency dependence (Red Queen dynamics). However, many hosts rely on symbionts for defence against parasites. Whilst the ubiquity of defensive symbionts and their potential importance for disease control are increasingly recognized, there is still a gap in our understanding of how symbionts mediate or possibly take part in host–parasite coevolution. Herein we address this question by synthesizing information already available from theoretical and empirical studies. First, we briefly introduce current hypotheses on how defensive mutualisms evolved from more parasitic relationships and highlight exciting new experimental evidence showing that this can occur very rapidly. We go on to show that defensive symbionts influence virtually all important determinants of coevolutionary dynamics, namely the variation in host resistance available to selection by parasites, the specificity of host resistance, and the trade‐off structure between host resistance and other components of fitness. In light of these findings, we turn to the limited theory and experiments available for such three‐species interactions to assess the role of defensive symbionts in host–parasite coevolution. Specifically, we discuss under which conditions the defensive symbiont may take over from the host the reciprocal adaptation with parasites and undergo its own selection dynamics, thereby altering or relaxing selection on the hosts' own immune defences. Finally, we address potential effects of defensive symbionts on the evolution of parasite virulence. This is an important problem for which there is no single, clear‐cut prediction. The selection on parasite virulence resulting from the presence of defensive symbionts in their hosts will depend on the underlying mechanism of defence. We identify the evolutionary predictions for different functional categories of symbiont‐conferred resistance and we evaluate the empirical literature for supporting evidence. We end this review with outstanding questions and promising avenues for future research to improve our understanding of symbiont‐mediated coevolution between hosts and parasites.
Associations Among Mothers’ Depression, Emotional and Learning‐Material Support to Their Child, and Children's Cognitive Functioning: A 16‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wu Victoria , East Patricia , Delker Erin , Blanco Estela , Caballero Gabriela , Delva Jorge , Lozoff Betsy , Gahagan Sheila 
Published: April 2018

This study examined the associations among maternal depression, mothers’ emotional and material investment in their child, and children's cognitive functioning. Middle‐class Chilean mothers and children (N = 875; 52% males) were studied when children were 1, 5, 10, and 16 years (1991–2007). Results indicated that highly depressed mothers provided less emotional and material support to their child across all ages, which related to children's lower IQ. Children with lower mental abilities at age 1 received less learning‐material support at age 5, which led to mothers’ higher depression at child age 10. Mothers’ low support was more strongly linked to maternal depression as children got older. Findings elucidate the dynamic and enduring effects of depression on mothers’ parenting and children's development.
Peanut gastrointestinal delivery oral immunotherapy in adolescents: Results of the build‐up phase of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial (PITA study)
Authors: Fauquert J.‐L. , Michaud E. , Pereira B. , Bernard L. , Gourdon‐Dubois N. , Rouzaire P.‐O. , Rochette E. , Merlin E. , Evrard B. ,   the PITA Group
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundOral immunotherapy to peanut is effective in desensitizing patients but has significant side effects including anaphylaxis and gastrointestinal symptoms. In most protocols, peanut is administered in a vehicle food.ObjectiveIn an exclusively adolescent population, we tested a new approach using sealed capsules of peanut (gastrointestinal delivery oral immunotherapy or GIDOIT) to bypass the upper gastrointestinal tract. The primary aim was to assess the efficacy of the oral build‐up phase of GIDOIT and the secondary aim to analyse its safety.MethodsAdolescents with a history of a clinical allergic reaction after peanut ingestion were included in a 2‐armed, parallel‐design, individually randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicentre trial after a positive double‐blind placebo‐controlled oral food challenge (DBPCFC1). A central randomization centre used computer‐generated tables to allocate treatments. Peanut (or placebo) capsules were ingested daily over a period of 24 weeks with increments every 2 weeks from 2 to 400 mg of peanut protein (pp). Primary outcome was tolerance of 400 mg of pp at DBPCFC2.ResultsThirty patients were included between September 2013 and May 2014. At DBPCFC2, unresponsiveness to 400 mg of pp was achieved in 17/21 peanut group patients (2 withdrawn patients) and 1/9 in the placebo group (Intention‐to‐treat analysis, P < .001, absolute difference = 0.7, 95%IC 0.43 0.96). Oropharyngeal symptoms were equally frequent in both groups. No dysphagia or other signs of eosinophilic oesophagitis occurred. Digestive adverse events (AE) were more frequent in the treated group (P = .02), but mild and without compliance issues. Only one severe advent event led to withdrawal in a patient who ingested twice the investigated treatment. Peanut‐specific humoral immune responses were modulated.ConclusionThe GIDOIT protocol demonstrated clinical and immunological efficacy and had an acceptable level of safety with weak oropharyngeal symptoms, no dysphagia, mild digestive events and few severe systemic AE.
The rheumatic disease-associated FAM167A-BLK locus encodes DIORA-1, a novel disordered protein expressed highly in bronchial epithelium and alveolar macrophages
Authors: Mentlein L , Thorlacius G E , Meneghel L , Aqrawi L A , Ramírez Sepúlveda J I , Grunewald J , Espinosa A , Wahren-Herlenius M 
Published: April 2018

Summary
Triggering of autoimmunity that leads to rheumatic disease has been suggested to depend upon gene–environment interactions occurring in epithelial barriers and associated immune cells. Genetic studies have identified associations of the FAM167A-BLK locus with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome. While BLK (B lymphocyte kinase) has a well-established role in B cells, family with sequence similarity to 167 member A (FAM167A) and its gene family remain uncharacterized. To begin to understand the role of FAM167A in rheumatic disease pathogenesis, we explored this gene family and cloned and investigated the gene products. Expression of quantitative trait locus analysis was performed in immune cells. FAM167A and FAM167B were cloned from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Gene conservation and protein properties were analysed by online tools, mRNA expression measured in mouse organs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and protein expression investigated in human tissues by immunohistochemistry. We found that autoimmune risk genotypes within the FAM167A-BLK locus lead to increased expression of FAM167A. The FAM167 gene family includes two members, FAM167A and FAM167B, which are not homologous to any other annotated gene but are evolutionarily conserved. The encoded proteins, which we denote ‘disordered autoimmunity’ (DIORA)-1 and DIORA-2, respectively, are characterized by a high content of intrinsic disorder. Notably, DIORA-1 has its highest expression in the lung, detectable in both bronchial epithelium and alveolar macrophages with an endosomal localization pattern. In summary, the FAM167A gene is associated with several rheumatic diseases and encodes a novel disordered protein, DIORA-1, which is expressed highly in the lung, consistent with a potential role in disease pathogenesis.
Needs and preferences of parents of adolescents with multiple and complex needs in residential care
Authors: Van den Steene Helena , van West Dirk , Glazemakers Inge 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe perspective of parents whose children are in residential care, has received only minor attention in the literature, despite evidence pointing out the value of parental involvement in care delivery for their child. Drawing upon in‐depth interviews with 12 parents of adolescent girls with multiple and complex needs in residential child welfare, this exploratory study describes parents' own needs and preferences with regard to care delivery. Parents wish: (a) to have a true partnership between parents and professionals (involvement), (b) to feel respected by professionals (respect), (c) to have the information and mandate necessary for decision‐making (agency), and (d) to receive consideration and (emotional) support, besides advice on how to handle the challenges their family faces (support). Their plea draws attention to an aspect of the dimension of “parent–caregiver partnership” in family‐centred residential care that deserves more emphasis. Indeed, being attentive to the needs of parents can contribute to the optimization of services for the most vulnerable families.
A retrospective study on the crestal bone loss associated with different implant surfaces in chronic periodontitis patients under maintenance
Authors: Gallego Luis , Sicilia Alberto , Sicilia Pelayo , Mallo Carmen , Cuesta Susana , Sanz Mariano 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze retrospectively interproximal crestal bone loss (CBL) on external‐hex “non‐identical” (NI) dental implants with different surface topography, when placed in the same intra‐oral location in patients with a history of chronic periodontitis following maintenance care.Material and methodsThe patient population consisted of 206 consecutive patients with a history of chronic periodontitis who underwent implant surgery between 2007 and 2010; 755 NI implants with different implant surfaces were placed at posterior mandibular sites: 72 machined, 145 acid‐etched/machined (hybrid), and 538 anodized. Crestal bone loss measurements were carried out analyzing the calibrated digital X‐rays taken at 1‐year intervals as part of the maintenance program, being the time of this retrospective examination from 1 to 3 years.ResultsAt 3 years (51 patients), the mean CBL was 1.36/1.35 mm at implant/patient level (range: 0–6 mm). A higher CBL was observed at anodized surface implants, when compared to machined and hybrid implants, being the mean CBL 1.48, 0.96, and 0.77 mm, respectively (p = .005). CBL between 2 and 3.9 mm was found in 10.6% of the implants at 3 years (95% CI: 6%–15%), ≥4 mm in 5% (95% CI: 2%–8%). Anodized surface implants had CBL >2 mm at 2 years of 9% (95% CI: 6%–12%) and at 3 years of 18% (95% CI: 12%–24%), which were 2.5 times higher than hybrid implants with 3.6% (95% CI: 0.8%–4%) and 7.4% (95% CI: 0%–17%), respectively.ConclusionsA higher CBL was observed in the anodized surface implants group, when compared to the hybrid implants group in patients with a history of chronic periodontitis followed during 1–3 years.
Effects of inspiratory muscle training in COPD patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Beaumont Marc , Forget Patrice , Couturaud Francis , Reychler Gregory 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesIn chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), quality of life and exercise capacity are altered in relationship to dyspnea. Benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on quality of life, dyspnea, and exercise capacity were demonstrated, but when it is associated to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), its efficacy on dyspnea is not demonstrated. The aim of this systematic review with meta‐analysis was to verify the effect of IMT using threshold devices in COPD patients on dyspnea, quality of life, exercise capacity, and inspiratory muscles strength, and the added effect on dyspnea of IMT associated with PR (vs. PR alone).Study selectionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted on the databases from PubMed, Science direct, Cochrane library, Web of science, and Pascal. Following key words were used: inspiratory, respiratory, ventilatory, muscle, and training. The searching period extended to December 2017. Two reviewers independently assessed studies quality.ResultsForty‐three studies were included in the systematic review and thirty‐seven studies in the meta‐analysis. Overall treatment group consisted of six hundred forty two patients. Dyspnea (Baseline Dyspnea Index) is decreased after IMT. Quality of life (Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire), exercise capacity (6 min walk test) and Maximal inspiratory pressure were increased after IMT. During PR, no added effect of IMT on dyspnea was found.ConclusionIMT using threshold devices improves inspiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity and quality of life, decreases dyspnea. However, there is no added effect of IMT on dyspnea during PR (compared with PR alone).