bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
"Ilḥāq" as a Morphological Tool in Arabic Grammar
Authors: Baalbaki Ramzi 
Published: March 2019

The Arab grammarians differentiate between the ziyāda (augment) that introduces an element of meaning and the ziyāda that appends (yulḥiq) one morphological form to another. Having realized the potential of the concept of ilḥāq (appending) as an analytical tool in morphology, the grammarians divided appended words into several types according to the number of the radicals in their roots and the type of ziyāda that is involved, and tried to justify forms and patterns with reference to a set of detailed rules which they elaborately describe. This paper deals with the issues the grammarians tackle in their study of ilḥāq, such as its purpose, the possibility of analogically extending its examples, and the inapplicability of idġām (gemination) to its patterns. It also examines how the grammarians use ilḥāq to reduce considerably the number of morphological patterns that form a closed system, to explain away anomalous and rare patterns, and thus to limit deviation from the norm (qiyās) and to test the validity of a host of morphological issues.
The Second-Century Šīʿite Ġulāt: Were They Really Gnostic?
Authors: Bayhom-Daou Tamima 
Published: March 2019

This paper questions the suggestion of our sources that gnostic currents had already appeared among Šīʿites by the early second/eighth century. It contends that gnosticism did not surface in Šīʿism until the third/ninth century and that our information on its existence among second-century Šīʿites is the result of retrospective ascription to groups and individuals who, on account of their (real or alleged) messianic beliefs, had already been identified by moderate Imāmīs as ġulāt. That information would have served to distance Imāmism and its imāms from gnostic teachings by associating those teachings with repudiated figures from the past. The paper examines evidence showing that in his work on firaq Hišām b. al-Ḥakam (d. 179/795) was not aware of the existence of gnostic ideas in Šīʿism. Other examined evidence also shows that references to gnostic ġuluww are conspicuous by their absence from sources on Šīʿism that are datable to before the third/ ninth century.
Iran and Political Modernisation in the Nineteenth Century: Parliamentarianism, Constitutionalism and Feminism in the Newspaper "Ṣūr-i Isrāfīl"
Authors: Bashir Hassan 
Published: March 2019

The Constitutional Revolution in Iran (1906–11) was of momentous significance for the evolution of various social and political concepts that were mainly rooted in Western ideologies. During the period of this revolution the face of Iran was changed. The flourishing of free and autonomous newspapers was one of the main features of the period. The contribution of these newspapers to the social and political development of Iran and the modernisation of the realm was more obvious than that of other factors that were changing the traditional society of the country at the beginning of the twentieth century. Ṣūr-i Isrāfīl, the most influential and independent newspaper of the time, played an essential part in the process of modernisation. This article attempts to examine the role of the newspaper by analysing relevant texts published in it during the period and identifying the elements they mediated that were important to the process of change.
Arabic Key Consonants
Authors: Bar-Lev Zev 
Published: March 2019

This article outlines an approach to lexicon in Arabic linguistics, with special implications for teaching Arabic as a foreign language. Its basic insight is that individual initial consonants have their own meanings. On a theoretical level, this key-consonant system offers a pervasive theoretical insight about the structure of a lexicon, and the nature of lexical acquisition; and on a practical level, it offers a powerful key to learning vocabulary in L2—which in turn may offer the best possible validation of the theoretical claim. It is here related to insights in linguistic theory on the submorpheme (and analogical modeling); in L2 learning, such submorphemes can help make learning of vocabulary easier, and sometimes even make it possible to guess the meanings of new roots in context. An additional implication for the history of Semitic linguistics is also drawn, proposing to bring back into Semitic linguistics a set of insights that had been “banished” from the mainstream with the advent of “scientific” Semitic grammar over a thousand years ago. On the other hand, we will draw a sharp distinction between the proposal and biconsonantal root theory, with which it might be confused on first impression.
The Development of Future markers in Arabic and the Nile Nubian Languages
Authors: Abdel-Hafiz Ahmed-Sokarno 
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with the rise of the grammatical elements of simple future in the Nile Nubian languages (i.e., Kenzi and Fadicca) and Arabic (i.e., Standard Arabic and Cairene Colloquial Arabic). Using grammaticalization as a frame of reference, I attempt to determine the sources, the mechanisms and processes involved in the development of the grammatical elements in these languages. In addition, the study sheds light on the points of similarity and difference between these languages as far as the rise of future expression is concerned.
La Disjonction de la Voix Narrative et la Manipulation de la Vraisemblance dans "Le Rocher de Tanios" d'Amin Maalouf
Authors: Marteinson Peter 
Published: March 2019

This investigation of the narrative voice in Maalouf’s Prix-Goncourt winning novel Le Rocher de Tanios observes the manner in which the multiplicity of enunciators, in the form of secondary narrators “cited” intertextually by the primary narrator, engenders a subtle play upon points of view, epochs, and cultural outlooks, an artifice which lends the novel a breadth in its generic status and veridictory grounding. It manages to be both an entirely possible, realistic narrative, and a fantastical legend, in which the “strange and the marvelous”, in the words of one of the secondary narrators, form a counterpoint against the rigorous historical research of the primary narrative. The result is a tale in which the appearance of a coherent and inevitable progression of providence melds with a capricious logic of chance events. The work raises the question of fiction and history and answers yes to each one; it is not only a fiction aspiring to verisimilitude, but conversely, it is also an actual history transformed into a novel – into the sort of novel that leads the reader to question his sense of truth and falsehood.
Tokens of Resentment: Medieval Arabic Narratives about Gift Exchange and Social Conflict
Authors: Sharlet Jocelyn 
Published: March 2019

Stories about gift exchange can confirm individual relationships and communal bonds, but they can also articulate social conflict. This analysis focuses primarily on stories in the first of two extant monographic compilations on gift exchange, the tenth-century Book of Rarities and Gifts by the Khālidiyyān, and concludes with a story from the anonymous eleventh-century Book of Treasures and Rarities. It explores expressions of social conflict through the features of rhetorical focal points, silence, communication at a distance, and the incongruity between fine gifts and tense situations. The discussion examines social conflict by following the development of main characters in other stories. These features of gift exchange stories suggest an interest in emotional experience, and the relationships among different stories about the same person imply an interest in character development. The pleasant practice of gift exchange offers a counterpoint to and a commentary on social conflicts.
The ʿUbāda B. al-Ṣāmit Tradition at the Crossroads of Methodology
Authors: Pavlovitch Pavel 
Published: March 2019

During the past few decades Western studies of the origin of Islam have made considerable advances in assessing sources which have long been considered a repository of exegetic, legal and historical material about the first centuries of Islam. Growing scepticism towards the Islamic foundation narratives and the traditional accounts of Islamic history undermined the notion that, unlike other religions, Islam “was born in the full light of history” and “its roots are on the surface” (A. Renan). The study of the first centuries of Islam has thus become the focus of clashing methodologies, often yielding conflicting accounts on how, when and where Islam emerged. While studying Muslim traditions (ḥadīths), Western Islamicists expressed varying opinions about reliability of lines of narrative transmission (isnāds), which, according to the traditional Muslim view, control the authenticity of the information included in the substantive part of the tradition (matn). One pole of the spectrum is represented by scholars who reject the link between the isnād and the matn. For them, the isnād is a fictitious authentication device that does not give any information about the historical development of the narrative. These scholars prefer to study the relationship between topically affiliated narratives, whence they derive information about the chronological development of the concepts conveyed by these narratives (literary analysis). The other part of the spectrum varies in the degree of acceptance of the isnāds. Nevertheless, these scholars generally agree that, provided certain methodological stipulations are met, a considerable part of the transmission line is authentic and correctly represents the ways through which the traditions were transmitted. With certain qualifications, the method of scholars who accept the isnād may be described as isnād-cum-matn analysis. In this article, I study the famous ʿUbāda tradition dealing with the punishment for adultery and fornication (zinā). First, I follow the historical development of the tradition by means of literary analysis. Then I apply to the same tradition the principles of isnād-cum-matn analysis. Although different in their treatment of the ḥadīth material, the two approaches are shown as capable of yielding results that are not mutually exclusive.
Rebellion in a World of Totalitarianism Sharīf Ḥatātah’s Novel "The Eye with an Iron Lid"
Authors: Elimelekh Geula 
Published: March 2019

Political freedom in the Arab world and rebellion against it underpin the novel al-ʿAyn dhāt al-jafn al-maʿdanī (The Eye with an Iron Lid, 1980) by Egyptian author Sharīf Ḥatātah (1923– ). This novel set in 1940s Egypt, a decade of national and social ferment, harshly criticizes British colonialism and the Egyptian governments of the time. The narrative depicts the struggle of the Egyptian national movement as well as the brutal denial of political and individual freedoms that led to the July 1952 revolution. The novel is profoundly autobiographical, and Ḥatātah’s life story as a doctor, writer and political activist depicted in his al-Nawāfidh al-maftūḥah (The Open Windows, 2006) contributesvaluable background. A wide-ranging analysis of the author and his novel embraces comparative literature, especially within the Arabic prison literature genre, recent critical studies, the existentialphilosophy of Albert Camus and the psychological elements of fear of death, loneliness and persecution. At its root the article spotlights the adage, the people’s fear of the leadership and the leadership’s fear of the people, that drives so much of contemporary Middle Eastern conflict and oppression.Keywords: Sharīf Ḥatātah, The Eye with an Iron Lid, Arabic prison literature, Egyptian literature, ModernEgyptian history, totalitarianism
Espaces et identités transformés / transformants: L’entre-deux dans Fī l-Ṭufūla de ʿAbd al-Maǧīd Ben Ǧallūn
Authors: Denooz Laurence 
Published: March 2019

Résumé: Au croisement de la sémiotique des passions de Greimas et Baroni, de la théorie de la configuration appliquée par Paul Ricoeur à la temporalité et de l’écogenèse territoriale de Claude Raffestin, l’analyse narratologique de Fī l-ṭufūla vise à démontrer que l’espace dans lequel s’inscrivent les souvenirs du narrateur est un acteur de la construction identitaire du petit protagoniste entre deux cultures et, réciproquement, subit l’action de reconfiguration et de recomposition mise en oeuvre par les souvenirs des sentiments qu’ils évoquent encore en l’adulte qu’il est devenu.Abstract: Based on the semiotics of passions (Greimas and Baroni), the theory of configuration (Paul Ricoeur) and territorial ecogonenesis (Claude Raffestin), the narratological analysis of Fī l-ṭufūla strives to demonstrate that the space of memories of narrator is an actor in the identity construction of the protagonist between two cultures and, conversely, undergoes the action of reconfiguration and recomposition implemented by the memory of the feelings of the protagonist.
Numerical Analysis and Experimental Validation of Added Resistance on Ship in Waves
Authors: Kim Yonghwan , Park Dong-Min , Lee Jae-Hoon , Lee Jaehoon , Kim Byung-Soo , Yang Kyung-Kyu , Oh Semyun , Lee Dong-Yeon 
Published: March 2019

In this study, the added resistance of a liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC) in the presence of waves is studied experimentally and numerically. The ship model is an LNGC designed by Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI). Experiments on ship motion responses and added resistance under head sea conditions were conducted at the Seoul National University and SHI. The influences of the experimental methods (captive and self-propulsion methods), incident wave amplitude, and regular and irregular wave conditions on the added resistance are evaluated using the same model ship set at different scales. In the numerical studies, the motion responses and added resistance are obtained using three methods—the strip method by adopting momentum conservation; Rankine panel method using pressure integration; and computational fluid dynamics method, using the difference in the resistances in waves and calm water. The experimental and numerical results under various conditions are compared, and the characteristics of the experimental and numerical results are discussed.

1. Introduction
Unlike the resistance in calm water, additional resistance occurs because of winds, waves, current, and for other reasons in a seaway. This aforementioned resistance, caused by environmental conditions, is called an added resistance. Among the various types, the added resistance caused by water waves is investigated in this study.
Global Existence and Boundedness of a Two-Competing-Species Chemotaxis Model
Authors: Miao Liangying 
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we consider the following fully parabolic two-competing-species chemotaxis model
$$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\displaystyle u_{1t}=\Delta{u_{1}}-\chi \nabla\cdot(u_{1}\nabla{v_{1}})+\mu_{1}u_{1}(1-u_{1}-e_{1}u_{2}),&x\in\Omega,~ t>0,\\\displaystyle u_{2t}=\Delta{u_{2}}-\xi\nabla\cdot(u_{2}\nabla{v_{2}})+\mu_{2}u_{2}(1-e_{2}u_{1}-u_{2}),&x\in\Omega,~t>0,\\\displaystyle v_{1t}=\Delta{v_{1}}+u_{1}- v_{1},&x\in\Omega,~ t>0, \\\displaystyle v_{2t}=\Delta{v_{2}}+u_{2}- v_{2},&x\in\Omega,~ t>0\end{array}\right.$$
under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, where Ω ⊂ ℝn (n≥3) is a convex bounded domain with smooth boundary. Relying on a comparison principle, we show that the problem possesses a uniqueglobal bounded solution if μ1 and μ2 are large enough.
Are Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Migraine Related?
Authors: Esmael Ahmed , Gomaa Mohamed , Hazem Maha 
Published: March 2019

Background: Compression neuropathies have previously been associated with one another. Migraine has not been considered a type of compression neuropathy but, some recent studies found that some types of migraines may be treated by targeted peripheral nerve decompression. So, the association between migraines and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), {the most common compression neuropathy} may exists.
Objective: The aims of this study are to found whether there is a relationship between carpal tunnel syndrome and migraine, and if so to determine the factors causing this relationship.
Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional case control study of 120 patients with CTS in addition to age and sex matched 120 healthy controls. It was conducted at Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt in the period from July, 2017 through June, 2018. All subjects underwent neurological examination, nerve conduction study of median nerve bilaterally, and evaluation according to headache by the International Headache Society, 2016 criteria. Also, the clinical severity of CTS was assessed and calculation of body mass index (BMI) was done. Evaluation of patients by Boston questionnaire form (BQF) {composed of two parts, Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) and the Functional Status Scale (FSS)}. Lastly, assessment of patients by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
Results: Patients had significantly higher rates of migraine headache (28.3 %) either alone (17.5 %) or combined with tension headache (10.8 %) when compared to controls. No statistically significant differences were found between the studied groups regarding the frequency of isolated tension headache. However, the total rate of cases with tension headache (n=43) including those in association with migraine is significantly higher in patients when compared to controls. Patients had significantly higher rates of various grades of symptoms severity. All patients but 17 are functionally affected while none of the controls group is affected. Patients had significantly higher rates of borderline and moderate depression when compared to controls. Univariate logistic regression analysis for predictors of migraine headache in the studied patients shows that, older age (P value = 0.0001), female sex (P value = 0.003), being manual worker (P value = 0.005), obesity class 11 (P value = 0.023), very severe functional severity scale (P value = 0.001), borderline and moderate depression (P value = 0.008 and 0.002 respectively) were significant predictors of migraine.
Conclusion: There is a significant association between CTS and migraine headache. This association suggests the possibility of a common risk factors for development of migraine headache include older age, female gender, obesity, low functional and high symptoms scores and depressive symptoms.
Lomax-Gumbel {Fréchet}: A New Distribution
Authors: Mahmoud M. R. , Mandouh R. M. , Abdelatty R. E. 
Published: March 2019

In this paper the T-R{Y} framework is used for proposing a new distribution that called The Lomax-Gumbel{Frechet} distribution. We study in details the properties of this distribution including hazard function, quantile Function, the skewness, the kurtosis, transformation, Renyi entropy, and moment generating function. Estimate of the parameters will be obtained using the MLE method. We present a simulation study and t the distribution to two real data sets.
Correlation of GSTP1 Polymorphism with Severity of Prostate Cancer in an Eastern Indian Population
Authors: Roy Suparna , Dasgupta Anindya , Chatterji Subarnarekha , Karmakar Dilip 
Published: March 2019

Background: GSTP1 is one of the Glutathione-S-Transferases (GSTs) which suppress tumor genesis by detoxifying toxic carcinogens and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Prostate cancer is related to several mutations affecting the expression of GSTP1. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP: Ile105Val) in the GSTP1 gene results insignificant reduction in its anticancer activity. The current case control study was conducted to ascertain the risk of association of GSTP1polymorphism with risk of cancer prostate in an Eastern Indian population.
Materials and Methods: During a study period of 2 years, DNA was isolated using the phenol chloroform extraction method from the blood of 225 histopathologically diagnosed prostate cancer patients and 120 matched controls. The GSTP1 polymorphism was assessed by PCR amplification of the gene followed by restriction digestion with Alw261 (a restriction enzyme derived from Acinetobactro lwoffi RFL26). Histopathological grading in the case group was performed using Gleason’s scores and International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading.
Results: Comparison of the distribution of different GSTP1 alleles between the case and control groups was performed by chi square test and odds ratio analysis. A χ2 value of 18.56 suggested significantly higher number of G alleles in the case group. An odds ratio of 2.25 with a confidence interval of 1.52 to 3.34 for 95% CI showed that the G allele in GSTP1 gene were linked with greater risk of prostate cancer. Post hoc ANOVA and logistic regression suggested that cases having G alleles had more progressive form of diseases as evident from ISUP grades.
Conclusion: From our study we can conclude that GSTP1 polymorphism is not only significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer but also with its severity in our Eastern Indian population. GSTP1 polymorphism should be considered as a prognostic indicator for prostate cancer patients along with planning for more aggressive management of the disease.
Spatio–Temporal Characterization of Land Surface Air Temperature Anomaly over Nigeria
Authors: Ajileye O. O. , Aladodo S. S. , Rabiu A. B. 
Published: March 2019

In this study, seventeen gridded stations across the latitude over Nigeria were selected with a view to determine and characterize land surface air temperature anomaly for both minimum and maximum values. The study intends to present graphic illustrations of spatial and temporal variations of land surface air temperature anomaly within a period 2008 – 2013.
Long-term averages of minimum and maximum land surface air temperatures were obtained from National Aeronautic and Space Administration satellite meteorological dataset (1983 – 2007). Also, monthly and annual averages of land surface air temperatures were obtained from tutiempo.net to compute monthly anomaly, annual anomaly and percentage departure of minimum and maximum land surface air temperatures within a period of 2008 – 2013.
The results showed that Jos had consistently experienced -10.8 and -4 percent decrease in minimum and maximum LSAT anomaly for the period under review. The implication is that Jos is getting colder than usual. The minimum LSAT anomaly declined by -2.8 percent in Lagos. Other stations across Nigeria showed a considerable percentage increase in minimum LSAT anomaly led by Yola (19.5%), Sokoto (18%) and Katsina (15.5%). Inland stations had percentage increase of minimum LSAT anomaly ranging between 5.8% and 10% except in Osogbo where the percentage increase was 1.8%. Osogbo is a less populated capital city of Osun state with active agricultural activities as heat sink. Percentage increase of minimum LSAT anomaly was not significant in Nigerian coastal areas most especially at Port Harcourt (0.5%).
The spatial distribution of maximum LSAT anomaly across Nigerian latitudinal belt, unlike minimum LSAT anomaly, reduced in trend except in Lagos, Makurdi, Abuja, Bida, Minna and Kano. The minimum and maximum anomaly for maximum LSAT was observed at Jos and Makurdi respectively. There are 2 stations to be watched in terms of getting colder in the years to ahead namely Jos and Osogbo while Makurdi and Yola are gradually becoming hotspots.