bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Aspects of Hookah Smoking Among US Youth
Authors: Agaku Israel , Odani Satomi , Armour Brian , Glover-Kudon Rebecca 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND:
We investigated 3 social dimensions of youth hookah smoking: frequency, places smoked, and descriptive social norms.

METHODS:
Data were from the 2016 National Youth Tobacco Survey of US sixth- to 12th-graders (n = 20 675). Hookah smoking frequency was classified as never, former, current occasional, and current frequent. Places where past 30-day hookah smoking occurred and students’ perceptions of their classmates’ hookah smoking prevalence were assessed. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were performed (P &lt; .05).

RESULTS:
Overall, 10.5% reported smoking hookah ≥1 time in their lifetime. Of these, 65.8% were former, 26.3% were current occasional, and 7.9% were current frequent smokers. Overall, 59.3% of students overestimated hookah smoking prevalence in their grade. Current occasional smoking was predicted by female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.54) and peer hookah-smoking overestimation (aOR = 9.30). Current frequent smoking was most strongly predicted by living with a hookah smoker (aOR = 20.56), speaking a second language other than English (aOR = 2.17), and co-use of mentholated cigarettes (aOR = 19.94) or other flavored noncigarette tobacco products (aOR = 17.59). The top 3 places hookah was smoked were a friend’s house (47.7%), the respondent’s own house (31.8%), and another family member’s house (20.8%).

CONCLUSIONS:
The home environment was the most common place for youth hookah smoking. Home-tailored interventions that encourage voluntary smoke-free rules and warn about the dangers of social smoking could help denormalize hookah smoking.
ELECTROPHORETIC SYSTEMS FOR PREPARATIVE FRACTIONATION OF PROTEIN PRECURSORS OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES FROM COW’S MILK
Authors: Yukalo V. , Storozh L. , Datsyshyn K. , Krupa O. 
Published: July 2018

The article considers the possibility of obtaining purified fractions-precursors of bioactive peptides from milk proteins by the method of preparative electrophoresis. To choose an electrophoretic system, a comparative study has been carried out of four methods of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel that are used to analyse milk proteins (disc-electrophoresis without disaggregating agents, and disc-electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate in homogeneous and gradient gel, and electrophoresis in homogeneous gel with urea). Electrophoresis of the total milk protein has shown that none of these systems allows separating effectively all protein precursors of bioactive peptides. The next stage was obtaining two main groups of milk proteins – caseins and serum proteins for electrophoretic fractionation. With the help of analytical electrophoresis, it has been established that each of the obtained groups had a typical proteins composition. Then, the proteins groups obtained were fractionated by preparative electrophoresis using the four electrophoretic systems listed above. In this case, the casein proteins that differ in the primary structure (αS1-, αS2-, β-, and ϰ-caseins) can be effectively separated by preparative electrophoresis on the basis of a homogeneous gel system in the presence of urea. The composition of this electrophoretic system was simplified. Unlike the analytical variant of a homogeneous polyacrylamide gel system, the toxic 2-mercaptoethanol was excluded, and the urea concentration was reduced. For the fractionation of serum proteins, a disc-electrophoresis without disaggregating agents can be used as a basis. It allows obtaining the main precursors of bioactive peptides from milk serum proteins: β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, serum albumin, and immunoglobulins. The protein precursors obtained by preparative electrophoresis were used to develop the biotechnology of obtaining bioactive phosphopeptides and inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme.
CHANGES IN THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF THE RADISH OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES DEPENDING ON THE STORAGE METHOD
Authors: Dubinina A. , Selyutina H. , Letuta T. , Hapontseva O. , Frolova T. 
Published: July 2018

It is found that the ways of storing radish root vegetables have different effect on their nutritive properties. The data obtained show that the total mass losses during storage in containers in bulk range from 14.80% (Bila Zymova Skvyrska) to 19.20% (Daikon Bile Iklo). Storage in containers with a polyethylene liner and with a layer of damp sand on top results in total mass losses of 6.67 to 10.38% (Chorna Zymova Skvyrska and Daikon Bile Iklo, respectively); storage in containers with a polyethylene liner and open top leads to 12.30–16.65% losses in mass (Bila Zymova Skvyrska and Daikon Bile Iklo, respectively). It has been studied for different radish varieties how product losses and the dynamics of the content of dry substances, sugars, organic acids, and vitamin C depend on the method of storage. The amount of vitamin C, when radish root vegetables were stored in the traditional way in a container, decreased by 1.7–2.5 mg/100 g (the varieties Sertse Drakona and Marhelanska, respectively). The use of a polyethylene liner can reduce the loss of ascorbic acid by 40–55% of the initial content in the product. On the contrary, spreading a layer of wet sand on top contributes to an increase in vitamin C in the varieties of the radish root under study. So, its amount at the end of the storage period was 24.67 mg/100 g (Daikon Bile Iklo) to 35.00 mg/100 g (Troiandova).It has been experimentally determined that the chemical composition of the varieties Chorna Zymova Skvyrska, Bila Zymova Skvyrska, Marushka, Troiandova, Sertse Drakona remains quite stable during all storage period. They are resistant to intensive sprouting, and quantitative losses do not exceed 17 % even under traditional storage in containers in bulk. The varieties Lebidka, Marhelanska and Daikon Bile Iklo require special storage conditions which would not only provide temperature and humidity control, but, for example, the selection of gas composition or products ventilation rate, etc., as well. It has been proved that radishes are best stored in containers with a polyethylene liner, covered with a wet sand layer. This method provides high humidity, a stable temperature, and the optimum content of carbon dioxide. Besides, i allows reducing the loss in dry substances and sugars, and preventing the intensive sprouting of the root vegetables, with up to 94 % of them remaining in saleable condition by the end of the storage period. The storage of root vegetables with the use of a wet sand covering layer provides an increase in vitamin C content.
OBTAINING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CALCIUM ORGANIC FORMS ON THE BASIS OF METABOLITES AND PROCESSING PRODUCTS OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA
Authors: Kapustian A. , Cherno N. , Nikulina О. 
Published: July 2018

The possibility of obtaining bioavailable mixed ligand chelate complexes of calcium has been considered. As bioligands, it is proposed to use the metabolic products of probiotic bacteria combination and products of enzymatic hydrolysis of peptidoglycans of their cell walls. The culture fluid of probiotic bacteria composition has been investigated for the determination of metabolites in its composition that can participate in the formation of calcium chelate complexes. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of organic acids of a culture fluid have been determined. It has been established that it contains the following acids: oxalic (1.6 mg/dm3), citric (22.1 mg/dm3), acetic (575.8 mg/dm3), lactic (236.3 mg/dm3), benzoic (1.5 mg/dm3). In addition, it has been found that in the composition of the culture liquid, free amino acids and soluble protein are also present in the amount of 1.2 mg/cm3 and 5 mg/cm3, respectively.In order to obtain fragments of peptidoglycans of cell walls of probiotic bacteria as potential bioligands for complex formation, their enzymatic hydrolysis with pancreatin has been performed. It has been established that the highest content of biologically active muropeptides is 5.1 mg/cm3 and it is accumulated during hydrolysis of the substrate for 180 minutes, the ratio of enzyme: substrate 1: 100 and 5.1 mg/cm3.By methods of nephelometry and spectrophotometry, it has been established that the obtained mixed ligand systems are effective chelating agents and, depending on the composition, bind calcium in amounts of 9, 14 and 16 mg/cm3. Identification of the pH stability of the complex has been shown that in the range of pH values 4–7, the chelate system is stable, at pH 2 only 10% of the complex is stored, at pH 9 60% is preserved. By method of differential scanning calorimetry the thermostability of the complex has been investigated. It has been established that the complex is stable in the temperature range of 20–122°С, and therefore can be used in the composition of health foods, the technology of which involves high-temperature processing.
Pre-agreement assessment as a responsible lending tool in South Africa, the EU and Belgium: Part 1
Authors: Van Heerden Corlia Maritha , Stteennot Reinhard n/a 
Published: July 2018

Responsible lending has become a very pertinent issue on the agenda of credit regulators across the globe who seek to combat the causes of consumer over-indebtedness. In this context the use of “pre-agreement assessment” as a tool to filter out those instances where, based on a consumer’s creditworthiness or ability to repay, credit should not be granted to such consumer, is a feature common to the lending regimes of various jurisdictions.This contributionÂ consists of two parts: PartÂ 1 provides a critical discussion of the reckless credit provisions of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005. PartÂ 2 detailsÂ the responsible lending measures contained in the EU Consumer Credit Directive and the EU Mortgage Credit Directive and providesÂ an appraisal of the responsible lending measures introduced by Belgium, being a jurisdiction that has always been very pro-active in the context of consumer credit protection.
Phonological Analysis of Indian Language
Authors: Yogatama Adiprana 
Published: July 2018

The aims of this research are to find out the language sounds produced by India speakers, to enrich the scientific realm of language sounds and to stimulate the students to deeply examine other foreign language sounds. For the purpose of the study, the researcher collected data from several sources. The data which were in the form of theoretical research literature were obtained from books in general linguistics, especially on Phonology, both English and Indonesian. For data or material which were in the form of research material to be studied, the researcher presented a native speaker of Indian language named Kour Herbinder. This research is a qualitative research with recording and note technique. To analyze the data, the researcher used phonetics chart, both for cconsonants and vowels. From the analysis result, the researcher found that the sounds in India language are dominated by alveolar sounds like usually pronounced by speakers of Indonesian Balinese dialect. The researcher also found that there are many variations of Indian language sound as allophones, such as sound [k '] is an allophone of [k], and sound [dh] is an allophone of [d]. The pronunciation of sound [t], [d] and [k] dominantly resembles with [t], [d] and [k] on Indonesian Balinese.Keywords: phonetics ; phonemics ; alveolar ; allophone
Using Rummy Game Method to Improve Students’ Learning Activities and English Dialog
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto 
Published: July 2018

This classroom action research was aimed at improving students’ learning activities and students’ English dialog skills in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga. The research was carried out in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga from January to June 2012. The subject of the research was 38 students of grade XI natural science 2. While the objects of research were rummy game method, students’ learning activities and students’ English dialog skills. This action research was conducted in two cycles. Each consisted of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. In cycle 1, the researcher implemented rummy game method with big groups and ready made cards while in cycle 2, the researcher applied rummy game method with small groups and student designed cards. To collect the data the researcher gave self-assessment test and performance test before the first cycle, after the first cycle, and after the second cycle. The data analysis was done by descriptive comparison namely by comparing scores in the previous condition with those of the first cycle and the second cycle. The research findings revealed that there was significant improvement of average scores in students’ learning activities namely 13.8 % from 56.8 % in the previous condition to 70.6 % in cycle 2 and in students’ English dialog skill namely 5.8 from 72.7 in the previous condition to 78.5 in cycle 2. Hence, hypothesis stating that using rummy game method is able to improve students’ learning activities and English dialog skill in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga grade XI natural science 2 even semester year 2011/2012 is proven right.Keywords: Rummy Game Method; Learning Activities; English Dialog Skill
Implementing a Student-Centered Pedagogy: Doing so in the Indonesian Teaching-Learning Context
Authors: Triyoko Hanung 
Published: July 2018

Today’s educators must be willing to shift from the teacher-centered paradigm, which was in place when they themselves were students, to the new paradigm of student-centered education. This article was inspired by the challenges and opportunities experienced by the writers while attempting to implement a student-centered pedagogy. We will share some of our experiences as educators to provide a context for various aspects of student centered-learning. Understanding some of the successes and failures we have experienced in our careers may help to highlight the potential and importance of student-centered pedagogy in its many facets. Based on the vignettes from our teaching experiences, we have identified four major ideas about how to adopt a more student-centered approach: planning lessons that encourage student interest; adapting the curriculum to meet student’s needs; using technology in the classroom; and developing mutually respectful relationships. Keywords : Student-Centered Pedagogy; Student’s Interest, Student’s Needs; Mutually Respectful Relationships
Improving Coherence of The Students’ Sentences by Applying Thematic Progression And Personal Blog In The Sentence-Based Writing Class
Authors: Suryo Priyatmojo Arif 
Published: July 2018

This study was aimed at describing what kinds of thematic progression patterns mostly employed by the students, describing how to apply thematic progression theory and personal blog in the sentence-based writing class, and finding out whether the use of thematic progression theory and personal blog give positive significances to coherence of the students’ sentences. This is an action research study employing two cycles. The subject of the study was 24 students of group 2, in a class of sentence-based writing (SBW), and the object of the study was students’ sentences created by the students in the teaching and learning process (TLP). The result of the study shows that thematic progression patterns moslty employed by the students are constant theme pattern followed by zig zag and multiple theme patterns. In TLP, the materials were devided and given to the students in two cycles. The first cycle focused on introducing the thematic progression theory and its kinds of patterns. Then, in the next cycle the students focused on sharing ideas with other classmates via individual blogs. Based on the result of the study, teaching SBW using thematic progression theory gives its positive significance by varied patterns used by the students. It can be seen from the analysis of the students’ sentences from pretest, paragraf 1, paragraf 2, paragraf 3 and posttest. The students also give positive responses upon its teaching and learning process using thematic progression and personal blogs based on the pre and post test questionnaire data. It is hoped that the result of the study gives positive contribution to the students in preparing them to write in bigger contexts - paragraph-based writing, genre-based writng and academic writing in the next coming semesters. Keywords: Thematic Progression; Theme-Rheme; Thematization; Personal Blog
Politeness Maxim In the film ” Laskar Pelangi”
Authors: Budiati Budiati 
Published: July 2018

Sentential implicature is something meant or implied that is proposed to avoid impoliteness in making harmonious conversation. For the sake of politeness it was postulated cooperative politeness and maxims; tact maxim, approbation maxim, generosity maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim and sympathy maxim. The measurement of politeness or impoliteness is also determined by the four factors; power, range, distance and familiarity. In “Laskar Pelangi” the movie, it was found some maxims with Indonesian cultural background for its politeness. Politeness was shown by addressing someone just by name or by saying “Mr.” and “Mrs”, according to the power and relationship, minimizing dispraise of others, and mentioning something or someone indirectly.
Spreading The Spirit of The American Dream Through Walt Disney’s Film “Meet The Robinsons”
Authors: Setyowati Ratini 
Published: July 2018

This article is aimed to know about the spirit of American dream and its influences. The study is a qualitative study using library research and the data were obtained from texts. The data are analyzed and presented descriptively. The researcher finds that The American Dream has influenced people around the world because America has very effective ways to promote their ideology through soft power “five big ideas”. The power is more powerful than military power. Meet the Robinson has been a provocative film; it can be media to promote the spirit of the American Dream.Keywords: The American Dream; Soft power ;five big ideas
Students’ Perceptions toward a Conversational Class Taught By Foreigner Counterpart
Authors: Inayah Nurul 
Published: July 2018

This research is aimed at knowing what the students‘ perception of having taught by foreigner counterpart (native speaker of English) in a conversational class. Besides elaborating the students‘ perception which affects how they act and behave during the teaching and learning process, this research also wants to explore the students‘ difficulties and strategies in facing the foreigner‘s class. Then, the students‘ expectation of an ideal conversational class is also important to be investigated in order to conduct a better one in the future. Since this research explores the students‘ perception which come from the students‘ experience, qualitative approach is considered as an appropriate research design. Then the result of this research is presented descriptively in order to reveal the students‘ perception comprehensively. The findings of this research show that most of the students give high appreciation with the presence of foreigner. In fact, the personality of the foreigner as a teacher is also very important to be highlighted since it gives significant influence on students‘ perception. The personality and skill in classroom management become reasons for the other students who do not like the foreigner. Then, the cross cultural understanding and the ability to communicate in English is the students‘ main difficulty that hinders their teaching and learning process. Keywords: perception; conversational class; Foreign conterparts
The Influence of Digital Games Based Learning on Students’ Learning Outcomes and Motivation
Authors: Yusny Rahmat 
Published: July 2018

There is no doubt that the emergence of today's digital age greatly affects the human life - including students in their educational life. In order to simplify the process of studying languages, especially English, many scientists and experts continue to find new and innovative methods. One of them is the method of Digital Games Based Learning (DGBL). However, the implementation effort of DGBL method to improve English language skills of students is still a matter of controversy. It is mainly caused by the use of game - which is assumed by the public just as merely means of entertainment rather than as a medium of learning. Judging on this reason, researchers are interested highlighting them to be their research. This research was conducted in order to view the significance and influence of DGBL in improving English language skills of students - particularly the ability to hear and read - as well as their motivation to learn. The study was conducted over five sessions in March 2013 with a sample of 13 students were selected at random stratification of 68 second -year student population PBI , Ar - Raniry UIN .Researchers collected data by applying the experimental use of games in the classroom , provide pre-test and post-test , as well as distributing questionnaires dealing with motivation. From the analysis of quantitative data, it can be concluded that the method of Digital Games Based Learning (DGBL) can be used to improve student’s achievement and learning motivation in learning English.keywords: Digital Games Based Learning (DGBL) ; Learning outcome ; Motivation
Financial Inclusion as a Catalyst for Poverty Reduction in Nigeria
Authors: Abimbola Akeem , Olokoyo Felicia O. , Babalola Opeyemi , Farouk Elemide 
Published: July 2018

Financial inclusion which can be explained as access to formal financial services such as credit, savings and insurance opportunities is still very vague in developing countries such as Nigeria where there is high level of poverty. The country has a large number of ‘unbanked’ people whose business activities are not captured in the country’s economic reports. These ‘unbanked’ populaces are illiterates who are either unemployed or under-employed and lack access to financial services and information and are totally excluded in the financial ecosystem and market. Hence, this paper examines the role of financial inclusion in the reduction of poverty in Nigeria. It examines the roles of government and financial institutions and the use of various mobile initiatives such as mobile banking, mobile money, agent banking etc. as financial inclusion tools to stimulate poverty reduction. Time series analysis on data obtained from secondary sources between the periods of 1992 and 2016 was adopted and the paper covered financial inclusion as it relates to unbanked people in Nigeria. The paper found out that majority of the ‘unbanked’ in Nigeria are low income people who do not have access to financial services and information on financial inclusion. While few are timid on the need to use a bank, many them are willing to use banking services and believe the availability of these services will help improve their economic condition. The paper therefore recommends that the banks should be encouraged to continue to take advantage of all the financial inclusion policies of the government in mobilizing funds from the informal sector into the banking system. This can be best done by increasing the number of customers within the financial system as a tool for encouraging financial inclusion and stimulating the economy and thereby reducing poverty in the country.