bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basal-type lumenogenesis in extraembryonic endoderm stem cells models the early visceral endoderm
Authors: Kim Minjae , Zhong Yixiang , Jung Kyoung Hwa , Chai Young Gyu , Binas Bert 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Cultured rat primitive extraembryonic endoderm (pXEN) cells easily form free-floating multicellular vesicles de novo, exemplifying a poorly studied type of morphogenesis. Here, we reveal the underlying mechanism and the identity of the vesicles. We resolve the morphogenesis into vacuolization, vesiculation and maturation, and define the molecular characteristics and requirements of each step. Vacuolization is fueled by macropinocytosis and occurs by default if not blocked by high cell density or matrix proteins. Fine-tuned cell–cell contact then forms nascent three-cell vesicles with vacuole-derived lumina. In maturation, the vesicles complete epithelialization, expand via mitosis and continued fluid uptake, and differentiate further. The mature vesicles consist of a simple squamous epithelium with an apical-outside/basal-inside polarity that we trace back to the single cell stage. The polarity and gene expression pattern of the vesicles are similar to those of the early visceral endoderm. pXEN cells provide a useful in vitro model for study of matrix-independent, basal-type lumenogenesis and the physiology of the visceral endoderm.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The golgin PpImh1 mediates reversible cisternal stacking in the Golgi of the budding yeast Pichia pastoris
Authors: Jain Bhawik Kumar , Dahara Roma , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The adhesive force for cisternal stacking of Golgi needs to be reversible – to be initiated and undone in a continuous cycle to keep up with the cisternal maturation. Microscopic evidence in support of such a reversible nature of stacking, in the form of ‘TGN peeling,’ has been reported in various species, suggesting a potential evolutionarily conserved mechanism. However, knowledge of such mechanism has remained sketchy. Here, we have explored this issue in the budding yeast Pichia pastoris which harbors stacked Golgi. We observed that deletion of GRIP domain golgin P. pastoris (Pp)IMH1 increases the peeling of late cisterna, causing unstacking of the Golgi stack. Our results suggest that the PpImh1 dimer mediates reversible stacking through a continuous association–dissociation cycle of its GRIP domain to the middle and late Golgi cisterna under the GTP hydrolysis-based regulation of Arl3-Arl1 GTPase cascade switch. The reversible cisternal stacking function of PpImh1 is independent of its vesicle-capturing function. Since GRIP domain proteins are conserved in plants, animals and fungi, it is plausible that this reversible mechanism of Golgi stacking is evolutionarily conserved.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Local inhibition of rRNA transcription without nucleolar segregation after targeted ion irradiation of the nucleolus
Authors: Siebenwirth Christian , Greubel Christoph , Drexler Guido A. , Reindl Judith , Walsh Dietrich W. M. , Schwarz Benjamin , Sammer Matthias , Baur Iris , Pospiech Helmut , Schmid Thomas E. , Dollinger Günther , Friedl Anna A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Nucleoli have attracted interest for their role as cellular stress sensors and as potential targets for cancer treatment. The effect of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in nucleoli on rRNA transcription and nucleolar organisation appears to depend on the agent used to introduce DSBs, DSB frequency and the presence (or not) of DSBs outside the nucleoli. To address the controversy, we targeted nucleoli with carbon ions at the ion microbeam SNAKE. Localized ion irradiation with 1–100 carbon ions per point (about 0.3–30 Gy per nucleus) did not lead to overall reduced ribonucleotide incorporation in the targeted nucleolus or other nucleoli of the same cell. However, both 5-ethynyluridine incorporation and Parp1 protein levels were locally decreased at the damaged nucleolar chromatin regions marked by γH2AX, suggesting localized inhibition of rRNA transcription. This locally restricted transcriptional inhibition was not accompanied by nucleolar segregation, a structural reorganisation observed after inhibition of rRNA transcription by treatment with actinomycin D or UV irradiation. The presented data indicate that even multiple complex DSBs do not lead to a pan-nucleolar response if they affect only a subnucleolar region.
Preliminary assessment of the utilization of durian peel liquid smoke as a natural preservative for mackerel
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Gani Asri , Mulana Farid 
Published: September 2019

Background: Durian peel is a type of biomass waste that contains cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. The pyrolysis of these compounds results in production of liquid smoke which can be used as a natural preservative to replace current synthetic preservatives. This research assessed the ability of liquid smoke produced during pyrolysis of durian peel to preserve fish. Methods: Dry durian peel waste underwent batch reactor pyrolysis at 340°C and 380°C, resulting in production of liquid smoke (grade 3), charcoal, and tar. This liquid smoke was then distilled at 190°C to produce grade 1 liquid smoke, which was used to preserve mackerel. The preservation process was conducted by soaking the mackerel samples in liquid smoke at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% concentration levels followed by observations every 6 hours. Tests to determine the total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) content, antibacterial quality of the liquid smoke and organoleptic quality of the fish were conducted in order to assess the preservation properties of the liquid smoke. Results: Tests on the antibacterial effects showed that the liquid smoke inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on fish even at low concentrations. At 54 hours, the TVB-N values remained below 30 mg nitrogen/g, indicating that the fish was still safe for human consumption. Results from the organoleptic tests showed that the concentration of liquid smoke influenced the preservation effects. Conclusions: At a concentration of 2–3%, the fish samples possessed acceptable flavor, taste, color and texture for up to 48 hours of soaking. However, the best conditions were obtained with a 3% concentration of liquid smoke (produced with 340°C pyrolysis), as the fish was still considered acceptable for up to 42 hours.
Perceived facilitators and barriers of enrolment, participation and adherence to a family based structured lifestyle modification interventions in Kerala, India: A qualitative study
Authors: Joseph Linju M. , Lekha T. R. , Boban Dona , Jose Prinu , Jeemon Panniyammakal 
Published: September 2019

Background: The objective of the study was to describe participants’ and providers’ perspectives of barriers and facilitators of enrolment, participation and adherence to a structured lifestyle modification (SLM) interventions as part of the PROLIFIC trial in Kerala, India. Methods: Family members who had been enrolled for 12-months or more in a family-based cardiovascular risk reduction intervention study (PROLIFIC Trial) were purposively sampled and interviewed using a semi-structured guide. The non-physician health workers (NPHWs) delivering the intervention were also interviewed or included in focus groups (FGDs). Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results: In total, 56 in-depth interviews and three FGDs were conducted. The descriptive themes emerged were categorised as (a) motivation for enrolment and engagement in the SLM interventions, (b) facilitators of adherence, and (c) reasons for non-adherence. A prior knowledge of familial cardiovascular risk, preventive nature of the programme, and a reputed organisation conducting the intervention study were appealing to the participants. Simple suggestions of healthier alternatives based on existing dietary practices, involvement of the whole family, and the free annual blood tests amplified the adherence. Participants highlighted regular monitoring of risk factors and provision of home-based care by NPHWs as facilitators for adherence. Furthermore, external motivation by NPHWs in setting and tracking short-term health goals were perceived as enablers of adherence. Nonetheless, home makers expressed difficulty in dealing with varied food choices of family members. Young adults in the programme noted that dietary changes were affected by eating out as they wanted to fit in with peers. Conclusions: The findings suggest that a family-based, trained healthcare worker led SLM interventions are acceptable in Kerala. Increasing the number of visits by NPHWs, regular monitoring and tracking of lifestyle goals, and targeting young adults and children for dietary changes may further improve adherence to SLM interventions.
Serum eosinophilic cationic protein level and hematological parameters in infants with cow's milk protein allergy
Authors: Dogan Erkan , Sevinc Eylem 
Published: September 2019

Background Various biomarkers have been investigated in the diagnosis of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infants. To our knowledge, no prior studies have evaluated serum eosinophil cationic protein (sECP), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) concurrently in infants with CMPA.
Objective To compare sECP levels, MPV, and NLR in infants with and without CMPA, as well as to investigate the suitability of these parameters as biomarkers in the diagnosis of CMPA.
Methods Fifty-six children with CMPA were compared to 40 healthy, similar to distribution of age and sex normal infants as controls. The serum ECP levels were detected by a chemiluminescence assay. The MPV values were calculated by devices in hemogram parameters. The NLR values were obtained by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count.
Results The median sECP level in the CMPA group was significantly higher than in the control group (23.5 and 9.27 ng/mL, respectively; P=0.001). However, there were no significant differences between groups with regards to median MPV (8.5 and 8.6 fL, respectively; P=0.149) and median NLR (0.35 and 0.37 respectively; P=0.637). Correlation analysis of sECP level with MPV and NLR in the CMPA group revealed no significant relationships (P>0.05 for both). In the Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the optimal cut-off levels to identify CMPA for sECP, MPV, and NLR were 18.4 ng/mL (60.7% sensitivity, 97.5% specificity, and AUC: 0.831), 10.05 fL (54% sensitivity, 77.5% specificity, and AUC: 0.413) and 0.97 (14.3% sensitivity, 50% specificity, and AUC: 0.528), respectively.
Conclusions The sECP level and blood eosinophil count are significantly higher in infants with CMPA, but MPV and NLR do not differ between infants with and without CMPA. There are also no significant correlations in the CMPA group between sECP and MPV, as well as sECP and NLR. Serum ECP might be useful as a potential biomarker for diagnosing CMPA.
KAJIAN PENERAPAN KONSEP TDRs SKEMA KOMPENSASI NON FINANSIAL PADA KAWASAN KUMUH DI KELURAHAN SEKAYU
Authors: Pangaribuan Bosman , Haryanto Ragil 
Published: September 2019

Handling of slum areas, especially “Kampung Kota”, should no longer be carried out by conventional means. Gentrification in kampung kota often occurs because of limited land in urban areas. Vertikal land consolidation which as one of Transferable Development Right with a non-financial compensation scheme expected as the solution on slums handled in urban areas. Apart from being able to help the government because of budget constraints, it can also help achieve better, organized and directed urban planning. Kampung Sekayu, as one of kampung kota in Semarang, which as a slum area that experienced gentrification and increasingly caught up in the development around it. This study aims to examine whether the concept of Transferable Development Rights with non-financial compensation schemes with implementation vertikal land consolidation form, it can be a solution in slums handled and prevent the occurrence of gentrification in the area. This research method uses descriptive qualitative by field observations, in-depth interviews and, literature review, and secondary data as a complement to exploring information as much as possible and saw the reality in the field. Generally, a concept of vertikal land consolidation received a good response from stakeholders in Semarang City but related to non-financial compensation which generally given the form of zonation bonuses with excess building floors being constrained. it because of zoning permit arrangements in Semarang City which above 5 floors on the authority of Transportation Agency in relation to flight operation safety area (KKOP) of Ahmad Yani Airport in Semarang City. Non-financial compensation scheme that most beneficial to ease of licensed from Semarang city government..
KETAHANAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR KECAMATAN KAMPUNG LAUT DALAM MENGHADAPI PENYUSUTAN LAGUNA SEGARA ANAKAN
Authors: Rahmayana Lintang , Handayani Wiwandari 
Published: September 2019

The existence of Segara Anakan Lagoon increasingly getting worse. The amount of sedimentation rate makes the lagoon has height sediment. In addition the environmental degradation that happen caused by community activity, this can make worsening the situation. This study aims to assess the resilience capacity index of lagoon community in Kampung Laut Sub-district towards the decline of lagoon area. The variables used in this study are economic, human, social, physical and ecological. The five variables have indicators that can represent the resilience if lagoon community in Kampung Laut sub-district. Based on the results of the analysis conducted, it can be seen that the resilience index of the Kampung Laut community is in the medium category with a index of 0.52. However, if this assess more deeply, the resilience of Kampung Laut community might occur because the external factor more dominating than internal factors. This situation makes the Kampung Laut community resilience pretending to have enough resistance than the real condition. Behind this condition, it makes the community dependent on assistance from external parties, so the Kampung Laut community resilience gained not because they are empowered but there are other factors that influence it.
Beating Shareholder Activism at Its Own Game
Authors: Blair Margaret M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The last book by legal scholar Lynn Stout proposes a bold plan to transform corporate governance and enhance their sustainability by creating a “Universal Fund” that would acquire a substantial share of many publicly traded corporations, but hold those shares passively. The plan would also help to redistribute wealth and income to reduce the effects of factors that are driving income inequality. This review examines how the plan might work, and where it is likely to run into problems.
MiniLab - Compounder and Reactor
Authors: Isaakides Georgius , Frendel A. , Bouton J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The use of a conical twin screw extruder with backflow channel combines aspects of mixing and extrusion in a batch process. Tests and results of the new MINLAB mircocompounder are discussed in the following paper. With a total filling volume of 7 ml and a built in slit capillary die the applications focus on compounding and reactions of small amounts of polymers in molten stage.
Circulating tumor DNA and their added value in molecular oncology
Authors: Leers Math P.G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
New methods for molecular diagnosis are now available in oncology thanks to the discovery of circulating tumor DNA molecules in the plasma of cancer patients. By utilizing blood samples, rather than traditional tissue sampling, clinical practice is on the verge of new discoveries from the analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The method, known as a “liquid biopsy”, consists of analyzing therapeutic targets and drug-resistant conferring gene mutations in circulating tumor cells (CTC) and cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). These are subsequently released from primary tumors and metastatic deposits into the peripheral blood. The advantages of the method can be observed in the diagnosis, but also in the choice of treatment for solid tumors (e.g. non-small cell lung carcinomas [NSCLC]). In order to interpret the results, an understanding of the biological characteristics of circulating tumor DNA is required. Currently there is no consensus as to how a liquid biopsy should be conducted. In this review, we will assess the pros of ctDNA as analytes in peripheral blood samples and its impact on clinical applications in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. We will also address practical issues facing clinical implementation, such as pre-analytical factors. Moreover, we will emphasize the open questions that remain when considering the current state of personalized medicine and targeted therapy.
Dissipativity Analysis of Memristor-Based Fractional-Order Hybrid BAM Neural Networks with Time Delays
Authors: Liu Weizhen , Jiang Minghui , Fei Kaifang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A new class of memristor-based time-delay fractional-order hybrid BAM neural networks has been put forward. The contraction mapping principle has been adopted to verify the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point of the addressed neural networks. By virtue of fractional Halanay inequality and fractional comparison principle, not only the dissipativity has been analyzed, but also a globally attractive set of the new model has been formulated clearly. Numerical simulation is presented to illustrate the feasibility and validity of our theoretical results.
Antenatal ultrasound compared to MRI evaluation of fetal myelomeningocele: a prenatal and postnatal evaluation
Authors: Munoz Jessian L. , Bishop Elaine , Reider Mitchell , Radeva Milena , Singh Katherine 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Spina bifida affects 0.5–1 in 1000 pregnancies in the United States and is often diagnosed in the mid-second trimester. The objective of the study was to directly compare ultrasounds (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained in the antenatal period in the diagnosis and localization of fetal myelomeningocele (MMC) and compare these with the postnatal outcomes of these infants

Methods
A retrospective analysis of patients referred to the Fetal Care Center at the Cleveland Clinic from 2005 to 2017. US and MRIs were obtained from the Cleveland Clinic electronic medical record. Infants were followed-up at an interdisciplinary myelomeningocele pediatrics clinic.

Results
MRI and US varied in correlation with physical exam at the time of birth and surgery. While no differences were detected in demographics, pregnancy outcomes or pediatric outcomes, it was noted that the majority of patients developed neurogenic bladders irrespective of the lesion level.

Conclusion
MRI is not superior to US in the diagnosis of MMC. Pregnancies complicated by MMC do not vary in morbidity, and pediatric outcomes remain similar regardless of the lesion level. This data provides additional information for the counseling of patients when faced with this antenatal diagnosis.
Wolff and Kant on the Mathematical Method
Authors: Frketich Elise 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Wolff advocates the mathematical method, which consists in chains of syllogisms that proceed from axioms and definitions to theorems, for achieving scientific certainty in branches of philosophy like ontology and physics. By contrast, in ‘The Discipline of Pure Reason in its Dogmatic Use’ Kant significantly limits the efficacy of this method in philosophy. In this paper I investigate an under-examined result of the Discipline: Kant’s claim that his system of philosophy does not contain “dogmata”. By identifying “dogmata” in Wolff’s system of physics, I argue that, for Kant, they are propositions that uncritically deploy ideas of reason. I conclude that the Discipline extends criticisms raised in the Transcendental Dialectic to any erroneous use of the mathematical method in philosophy.
Kant’s Transcendental Idealism About Time: a Neglected Alternative
Authors: Sample Hope C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
When interpreters orient Kant’s philosophy of time in relation to McTaggart’s distinction among different ways of characterizing a temporal order, they claim that he is best described as endorsing an A series position according to which there is a metaphysically privileged present that determines the past and the future. Whether Kant might also be understood as a proponent of the B series - according to which there is no privileged present, but rather time is comprised of relations of earlier than, later than, and simultaneity - has not been discussed in the literature. I argue that, for Kant, the appearances can be described as an A series, while the phenomena are to be understood as a B series, neither of which is more fundamental than the other. Contra a common approach in the literature that neglects a metaphysical difference between appearances and phenomena, I argue Kant’s transcendental idealism about time is best understood in relation to his account of appearances and phenomena.
Kant on Time I: The Kinematics of the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science
Authors: Hyder David 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The theory of space-time developed in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and his (1786) Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science is connected to Leonhard Euler’s proof of invariance under Galilean transformations in the “On Motion in General” of the latter’s 1736 Analytical Mechanics. It is argued that Kant, by using the Principle of Relativity that is the output of Euler’s proof as an input to his own proof of the kinematic parallelogram law, makes essential use of absolute simultaneity. This is why, in the Transcendental Aesthetic, he observes that “our theory of time explains as much a priori knowledge as the general theory of motion displays.” (KrV, B 67) In conclusion, it is shown that the same proof-method, under a different definition of simultaneity, leads to the parallelogram law of the “Kinematic Part” of Einstein’s 1905 “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”.
Pourquoi être sincère? L’actualité de la querelle du mensonge entre Benjamin Constant et Immanuel Kant
Authors: Prokob Emmanuel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Kant’s emphasis on the immorality of lying even to a murderer at the door who is asking about a victim hidden inside has drawn criticism ever since. The example originally given by Constant has been read as the thread of morality by totalitarian ruthlessness. In order to defend the importance of Kant’s moral philosophy, many critics have tried to update his position by taking into account the threat of modern totalitarianism. Nonetheless, this article tries to argue that Kant is right, especially since the rise of post-truth politics. Sincerity towards oneself and towards others remains the basis of democracy: we have to admit what seems to be the truth regardless of our feelings about it.
Are Referendums and Parliamentary Elections Reconcilable? The Implications of Three Voting Paradoxes
Authors: Bloks Suzanne Andrea 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In representative democracies, referendum voting and parliamentary elections provide two fundamentally different methods for determining the majority opinion. We use three mathematical paradoxes – so-called majority voting paradoxes – to show that referendum voting can reverse the outcome of a parliamentary election, even if the same group of voters have expressed the same preferences on the issues considered in the referendums and the parliamentary election. This insight about the systemic contrarieties between referendum voting and parliamentary elections sheds a new light on the debate about the supplementary value of referendums in representative democracies. Using this insight, we will suggest legal conditions for the implementation of referendums in representative democracies that can pre-empt the conflict between the two methods for determining the majority opinion.