bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Matter of Life and Death: Integrating Mattering into the Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide
Authors: Drabenstott Matt 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThis paper advocates for a more robust sense of mattering into the interpersonal‐psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) constructs of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. According to IPTS, suicide is precipitated in part by the presence of these twin constructs. IPTS theorists rely on mattering, or feeling significant to others, to undergird theoretical constructs. This is not surprising, as mattering theorists herald “significance to others” as essential to one's will to live. However, IPTS theorists solely leverage mattering to explain perceived burdensomeness.MethodThis paper summarizes the existing suicide literature on IPTS and mattering. Further, this paper extensively reviews how mattering has been incorporated into IPTS to date, and possibilities for how mattering could be more fully integrated into the theory.ResultsIPTS theorists rely on select mattering elements to define perceived burdensomeness. Strong theoretical overlap exists between mattering and thwarted belongingness.ConclusionMattering can play central role in understanding both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Implications for future research and use of mattering‐enriched IPTS are discussed.
Muscle and tendon lengthening behaviour of the medial gastrocnemius during ankle joint rotation in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Kalkman Barbara M. , Bar‐On Lynn , Cenni Francesco , Maganaris Constantinos N. , Bass Alfie , Holmes Gill , Desloovere Kaat , Barton Gabor J. , O'Brien Thomas D. 
Published: August 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Which structures of the medial gastrocnemius muscle–tendon unit contribute to its lengthening during joint rotation and thus receive the stretching stimulus?

What is the main finding and its importance?
We show, for the first time, that muscle and tendon lengthen in a different manner in children with cerebral palsy compared with typically developing children during a similar amount of muscle–tendon unit lengthening or joint rotation. This indicates possible differences in mechanical muscle and tendon properties attributable to cerebral palsy, which are not evident by assessment of muscle function at the level of a joint.

AbstractChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) commonly present with reduced ankle range of motion (ROM) attributable, in part, to changes in mechanical properties of the muscle–tendon unit (MTU). Detailed information about how muscle and tendon interact to contribute to joint rotation is currently lacking but might provide essential information to explain the limited effectiveness of stretching interventions in children with CP. The purpose of this study was to quantify which structures contribute to MTU lengthening and thus receive the stretch during passive ankle joint rotation. Fifteen children with CP (age, in mean ± SD, 11.4 ± 3 years) and 16 typically developing (TD) children (age, in mean ± SD, 10.2 ± 3 years) participated. Ultrasound was combined with motion tracking, joint torque and EMG to record fascicle, muscle and tendon lengthening of the medial gastrocnemius during passive ankle joint rotations over the full ROM and a common ROM. In children with CP, relative to MTU lengthening, muscle and fascicles lengthened less (CP, 50.4% of MTU lengthening; TD, 63% of MTU lengthening; P < 0.04) and tendon lengthened more (CP, 49.6% of MTU lengthening; TD, 37% of MTU lengthening; P < 0.01) regardless of the ROM studied. Differences between groups in the amount of lengthening of the underlying structures during a similar amount of joint rotation and MTU displacement indicate possible differences in tissue mechanical properties attributable to CP, which are not evident by assessment at the level of a joint. These factors should be considered when assessing and treating muscle function in children with CP, for example during stretching exercises, because the muscle might not receive much of the applied lengthening stimulus.
Sociodemographic and psychological determinants of influenza vaccine intention among recipients of autologous and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant: a cross-sectional survey of UK transplant recipients using a modified health belief model
Authors: Miller Paul D E , Forster Alice S , de Silva Thushan I , Leonard Hayley , Anthias Chloe , Mayhew Michaela , Klammer Matthias , Paskar Susan , Hurst Erin , Peggs Karl , Madrigal Alejandro , A Snowden John 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesStudies exploring vaccination rates among haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients have focused on physician factors that limit uptake. Understanding the patient factors that determine vaccination intention is crucial to delivering a successful vaccination programme. Using a modified health belief model (mHBM), we conducted a cross-sectional survey with the objective of exploring the sociodemographic and psychological factors that determined autologous and allogeneic HSCT recipients’ intention to receive the seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (SIIV) during the 2015–2016 influenza season.SettingThe setting of our study was three tertiary level, UK National Health Service (NHS) autologous and allogeneic HSCT centres.ParticipantsEligible patients were aged 16 years or over and recipients of autologous or allogeneic HSCT for any disease indication, with no absolute contraindication to receiving the SIIV during the next influenza season, and having not received the SIIV since transplant. 93 participants from 3 UK NHS HSCT centres completed an anonymous study-specific questionnaire. 78.5% were recipients of allogeneic and 21.5% autologous HSCT.Results23.7% of participants expressed low intent to receive the SIIV. Patients aged over 65 (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.57, p=0.02) and those who had not received the SIIV prior to HSCT (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.56, p=0.02) were less likely to have high intent. A multivariate logistic regression model incorporating constructs of the mHBM was statistically significant (p<0.001) and explained 74.7% of variation in SIIV intention. More patients felt that a recommendation from their HSCT team than their general practitioner would prompt them to receive the SIIV, and this was most pronounced in those who had low intent.ConclusionsThe mHBM may provide a useful structure for addressing low vaccine intent among HSCT recipients and further interventional studies are warranted. We would encourage HSCT and general practitioners to discuss SIIV intention as a routine part of care.
Ethnic differences in frailty: a cross-sectional study of pooled data from community-dwelling older persons in the Netherlands
Authors: Franse Carmen Betsy , van Grieken Amy , Qin Li , Melis Rene J F , Rietjens Judith A C , Raat Hein 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveFew European studies examined frailty among older persons from diverse ethnic backgrounds. We aimed to examine the association of ethnic background with frailty. In addition, we explored the association of ethnic background with distinct components that are considered to be relevant for frailty.Design and settingThis was a cross-sectional study of pooled data of The Older Persons and Informal Caregivers Survey Minimum DataSet (TOPICS) in the Netherlands.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling persons aged 55 years and older with a Dutch, Indonesian, Surinamese, Moroccan or Turkish ethnic background were included (n=23 371).MeasurementsFrailty was assessed with the validated TOPICS-Frailty Index that consisted of 45 items. The TOPICS-Frailty Index contained six components: morbidities, limitations in activities of daily living (ADL), limitations in instrumental ADL, health-related quality of life, psychosocial health and self-rated health. To examine the associations of ethnic background with frailty and with distinct frailty components, we estimated multilevel random-intercept models adjusted for confounders.ResultsTOPICS-Frailty Index scores varied from 0.19 (SD=0.12) among persons with a Dutch background to 0.29 (SD=0.15) in persons with a Turkish background. After adjustment for age, sex, living arrangement and education level, persons with a Turkish, Moroccan or Surinamese background were frailer compared with persons with a Dutch background (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in frailty between persons with an Indonesian compared with a Dutch background. The IADL component scores were higher among all groups with a non-Dutch background compared with persons with a Dutch background (p<0.05 or lower for all groups).ConclusionsCompared with older persons with a Dutch background, persons with a Surinamese, Moroccan or Turkish ethnic background were frailer. Targeted intervention strategies should be developed for the prevention and reduction of frailty among these older immigrants.
Interventions to improve patient flow in emergency departments: an umbrella review
Authors: De Freitas Loren , Goodacre Steve , O’Hara Rachel , Thokala Praveen , Hariharan Seetharaman 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesPatient flow and crowding are two major issues in ED service improvement. A substantial amount of literature exists on the interventions to improve patient flow and crowding, making it difficult for policymakers, managers and clinicians to be familiar with all the available literature and identify which interventions are supported by the evidence. This umbrella review provides a comprehensive analysis of the evidence from existing quantitative systematic reviews on the interventions that improve patient flow in EDs.MethodsAn umbrella review of systematic reviews published between 2000 and 2017 was undertaken. Included studies were systematic reviews and meta-analyses of quantitative primary studies assessing an intervention that aimed to improve ED throughput.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 623 articles of which 13 were included in the umbrella review. The publication dates of the systematic reviews ranged from 2006 to 2016. The 13 systematic reviews evaluated 26 interventions: full capacity protocols, computerised provider order entry, scribes, streaming, fast track and triage. Interventions with similar characteristics were grouped together to produce the following categories: diagnostic services, assessment/short stay units, nurse-directed interventions, physician-directed interventions, administrative/organisational and miscellaneous. The statistical evidence from 14 primary randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was evaluated to determine if correlation or clustering of observations was considered. Only the fast track intervention had moderate evidence to support its use but the RCTs that assessed the intervention did not use statistical tests that considered correlation.ConclusionsOverall, the evidence supporting the interventions to improve patient flow is weak. Only the fast track intervention had moderate evidence to support its use but correlation/clustering was not taken into consideration in the RCTs examining the intervention. Failure to consider the correlation of the data in the primary studies could result in erroneous conclusions of effectiveness.
Emergency department provider perspectives on elder abuse and development of a novel ED-based multidisciplinary intervention team
Authors: Rosen Tony , Stern Michael E , Mulcare Mary R , Elman Alyssa , McCarthy Thomas J , LoFaso Veronica M , Bloemen Elizabeth M , Clark Sunday , Sharma Rahul , Breckman Risa , Lachs Mark S 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAn ED visit provides a unique opportunity to identify elder abuse, which is common and has serious medical consequences. Despite this, emergency providers rarely recognise or report it. We have begun the design of an ED-based multidisciplinary consultation service to improve identification and provide comprehensive medical and forensic assessment and treatment for potential victims.MethodsWe qualitatively explored provider perspectives to inform intervention development. We conducted 15 semistructured focus groups with 101 providers, including emergency physicians, social workers, nurses, technologists, security, radiologists and psychiatrists at a large, urban academic medical centre. Focus groups were transcribed, and data were analysed to identify themes.ResultsProviders reported not routinely assessing for elder mistreatment and believed that they commonly missed it. They reported 10 reasons for this, including lack of knowledge or training, no time to conduct an evaluation, concern that identifying elder abuse would lead to additional work, and absence of a standardised response. Providers believed an ED-based consultation service would be frequently used and would increase identification, improve care and help ensure safety. They made 21 recommendations for a multidisciplinary team, including the importance of 24/7 availability, the value of a positive attitude in a consulting service and the importance of feedback to referring ED providers. Participants also highlighted that geriatric nurse practitioners may have ideal clinical and personal care training to contribute to the team.ConclusionsAn ED-based multidisciplinary consultation service has potential to impact care for elder abuse victims. Insights from providers will inform intervention development.
Right ventricle to pulmonary artery coupling in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Sultan Ibrahim , Cardounel Arturo , Abdelkarim Islam , Kilic Arman , Althouse Andrew D , Sharbaugh Michael S , Gupta Aman , Xu Jeff , Fukui Miho , Simon Marc A , Schindler John T , Lee Joon S , Gleason Thomas G , Cavalcante João L 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prognostic value of the ratio between tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)-pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) as a determinant of right ventricular to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) coupling in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI).BackgroundRV function and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are both prognostically important in patients receiving TAVI. RV-PA coupling has been shown to be prognostic important in patients with heart failure but not previously evaluated in TAVI patients.MethodsConsecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis who received TAVI from July 2011 through January 2016 and with comprehensive baseline echocardiogram were included. All individual echocardiographic images and Doppler data were independently reviewed and blinded to the clinical information and outcomes. Cox models quantified the effect of TAPSE/PASP quartiles on subsequent all-cause mortality while adjusting for confounders.ResultsA total of 457 patients were included with mean age of 82.8±7.2 years, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 54%±13%, PASP 44±17 mm Hg. TAPSE/PASP quartiles showed a dose-response relationship with survival. This remained significant (HR for lowest quartile vs highest quartile=2.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 4.57, p=0.03) after adjusting for age, atrial fibrillation, LVEF, stroke volume index, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality.ConclusionBaseline TAPSE/PASP ratio is associated with all-cause mortality in TAVI patients as it evaluates RV systolic performance at a given degree of afterload. Incorporation of right-side unit into the risk stratification may improve optimal selection of patients for TAVI.
Woman in her 50s with shortness of breath on exertion
Authors: Konishi Takao , Murakami Hironori , Tanaka Shinya 
Published: August 2018

Clinical introductionA 59-year-old woman visited an outpatient cardiology clinic due to shortness of breath on exertion. Physical examination showed no significant abnormality of vital signs. A III/VI systolic murmur was heard on the fourth intercostal space at the right sternal border. The majority of laboratory tests were normal. Chest X-ray showed a curved vessel shadow (figure 1A). Initial transthoracic echocardiography showed abnormal blood flow into the inferior vena cava (IVC) in the subxiphoid long axis view (figure 1B) and mild right heart dilatation (online supplementary figure 1). Transoesophageal echocardiography showed severe tricuspid regurgitation (online supplementary figure 2).Figure 1(A) Chest X-ray. (B) Colour Doppler image in the subxiphoid long axis view.Supplementary dataSupplementary dataQuestionWhat is the most likely underlying disease for the patient’s shortness of breath on exertion?Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula.Pulmonary arterial hypertension.Lung cancer.Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection.Isolated tricuspid regurgitation.
Biomarkers for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism: D-dimer, thrombin generation, procoagulant phospholipid and soluble P-selectin
Authors: Riva Nicoletta , Vella Kevin , Hickey Kieron , Bertù Lorenza , Zammit Daniel , Spiteri Silvana , Kitchen Steve , Makris Michael , Ageno Walter , Gatt Alex 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe diagnostic algorithm for venous thromboembolism (VTE) currently involves a composite of pre-test probability, D-dimer and imaging. Other laboratory tests, however, may assist in the identification of patients with VTE.AimTo assess the accuracy of different coagulation tests (D-dimer, thrombin generation, phospholipid-dependent (PPL) clotting time, soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin)) as biomarkers of acute VTE.MethodsRandom samples arriving at the Coagulation Laboratory at Mater Dei Hospital (Msida, Malta) from the Accident and Emergency Department with a request for D-dimer measurement were collected between August 2015 and February 2016. The following tests were performed: Innovance D-dimer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics), HemosIL D-dimer HS (Instrumentation Laboratory), thrombin generation (using the calibrated automated thrombogram), STA Procoag PPL (Diagnostica Stago) and sP-selectin (Affymetrix; eBioscience). VTE was objectively confirmed by compression ultrasonography, CT pulmonary angiography or ventilation/perfusion lung scan.Results100 samples were collected (33 with VTE). A strong positive linear correlation was found between the two D-dimer tests (r=0.97, p<0.001). Patients with VTE showed significantly higher sP-selectin concentrations compared with patients without VTE (75.7 ng/mL vs 53.0 ng/mL, p<0.001). In the random forest plot, the two D-dimer assays showed the highest variable importance, followed by sP-selectin. A sP-selectin cut-off of 74.8 ng/mL was associated with 72.7% sensitivity and 78.2% specificity for acute VTE in our cohort.ConclusionOur results confirmed D-dimer as the main biomarker of VTE and speculated a role for sP-selectin. The impact of thrombin generation was limited and no role emerged for the PPL clotting time. These observations need to be confirmed in large management studies.
Tobacco company strategies to identify and promote the benefits of nicotine
Authors: Ling Pamela M , Glantz Stanton A 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundIn response to a changing regulatory and consumer landscape, tobacco companies developed new strategies to promote cigarettes and smoking. We examined one of these strategies: to fund and conduct scientific research related to potential benefits of nicotine, and to use their findings to promote nicotine.MethodsQualitative analysis of previously secret tobacco industry documents from the Truth (formerly Legacy) Tobacco Documents Library (industrydocuments.library.ucsf.edu/tobacco), triangulated with data from other sources, including the online search engine Google, from the 1970s to December 2017.ResultsAfter publication of the 1988 Surgeon General’s report on nicotine addiction, tobacco companies (particularly RJ Reynolds) intensified efforts to promote the benefits of nicotine while downplaying its addictiveness and health risks. Activities included building relationships with academic institutions and funding scientific studies of the benefits of nicotine on cognition and other performance areas through intramural and extramural programmes. Companies then promoted their research findings through public relations campaigns, often minimising nicotine’s health risks by comparing it to caffeine or coffee. These comparisons appeared in highly publicised scientific meetings and interviews with the press. Nicotine-positive messages reappeared in the popular press and on some company websites in the 2010s.ConclusionsTobacco companies implemented strategies to promote benefits of nicotine to scientific and general audiences while minimising its health risks. These strategies reappeared at the time novel tobacco products like electronic cigarettes were introduced. A greater awareness of the source of claims related to purported benefits of nicotine could inform discussions about emerging tobacco products.
Distributional health and financial benefits of increased tobacco taxes in Colombia: results from a modelling study
Authors: James Erin Kinsella , Saxena Akshar , Franco Restrepo Camila , Llorente Blanca , Vecino-Ortiz Andres I , Villar Uribe Manuela , Iunes Roberto F , Verguet Stéphane 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundIn Colombia, smoking is the second leading modifiable risk factor for premature mortality. In December 2016, Colombia passed a major tax increase on tobacco products in an effort to decrease smoking and improve population health. While tobacco taxes are known to be highly effective in reducing the prevalence of smoking, they are often criticised as being regressive in consumption. This analysis attempts to assess the distributional impact (across socioeconomic groups) of the new tax on selected health and financial outcomes.MethodsThis study builds on extended cost-effectiveness analysis methods to study the new tobacco tax in Colombia, and estimates, over a time period of 20 years and across income quintiles of the current urban population (80% of the country population), the years of life gained with smoking cessation and the increased tax revenues, all associated with a 70% relative price increase of the pack of cigarettes. Where possible, we use parameters that vary by income quintile, including price elasticity of demand for cigarettes (average of −0.44 estimated from household survey data).FindingsOver 20 years, the tax increase would lead to an estimated 191 000 years of life gained among Colombia’s current urban population, with the largest gains among the bottom two income quintiles. The additional annual tax revenues raised would amount to about 2%–4% of Colombia’s annual government health expenditure, with the poorest quintiles bearing the smallest tax burden increase.ConclusionsThe tobacco tax increase passed by Colombia has substantial implications for the country’s population health and financial well-being, with large benefits likely to accrue to the two poorest quintiles of the population.