bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Über die Wirkung von Lipidemulsionen auf Blutplättchen
Authors: Pfleiderer Th , Morgenstern E , Weber E 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungIn vorliegenden Untersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, daß zahlreiche Lipid-Wasser-Emulsionen zu einer ausgeprägten und rasch einsetzenden Steigerung der Thrombozytenaggregation führen. Bei Abwesenheit von Kalziumionen in EDTA-Plasma ließ sich ein Lipideffekt an Thrombozyten nicht mehr nachweisen. Mehrfach gewaschene Plättchen zeigten jedoch auch ohne Kalziumionen eine deutliche Steigerung der Aggregation. Bei 4° C war der Ablauf der Aggregation deutlich verlangsamt. Die Zugabe von Albumin oder EPL verhinderte die aggregationssteigernde Wirkung einer Lipidemulsion. Adenosin führte lediglich zu einer teilweisen Hemmung der lipid -induzierten Klebrigkeitssteigerung. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse wird vermutet, daß der erste Schritt der Wirkung einer Lipidemulsion auf Thrombozyten mit der Oberflächenaktivität der Emulsionsteilchen in ursächlichem Zusammenhang steht. Im weiteren Verlauf kommt es zu einer Phagozytose von Lipidemulsionsteilchen durch Thrombozyten, was mit einer Zunahme einer Aggregationsneigung und erheblichen morphologischen und biochemischen Veränderungen verknüpft ist.
Über die Wirkung von Lipidemulsionen auf Blutplättchen
Authors: Morgenstern E , Pfleiderer Th , Zebisch P , Weber E 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß emulgierter Lipide (Fettsäuren, Triglyzeride, Lipidgemische) und fettähnlicher Substanzen (Paraffin- und Silikonöl) auf die Struktur der Blutplättchen von Mensch und Schwein wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß die Emulsionsteilchen aller geprüften Substanzen von den Plättchen durch Membraninvagination, wie das bei phagozytierenden Zellen bekannt ist, aufgenommen werden. Daneben beobachteten wir eine vermutlich ADP-induzierte Neigung der Plättchen zu aggregieren, die durch Adenosin gehemmt wurde. Emulsionen mit hohem Anteil unveresterter Fettsäuren oder reine Fettsäureemulsionen führten darüber hinaus zu starken Destruktionen der Plättchen, während nach Behandlung mit Triglyzeriden oder Lipidgemischen ohne freie Fettsäuren diese Erscheinungen erst nach langen Inkubationszeiten auftraten und sich vermindern ließen, wenn die intraplasmatische Lipolyse durch Protaminsulfat gehemmt wurde. Der Zusatz von Emulgatoren (Albumin, Phospholipide) setzte die Fettsäurewirkung und die Aggregationsneigung der Plättchen herab, EDTA verhinderte die Aggregatbildung völlig. Aus den Beobachtungen schließen wir, daß für die Aufnahme von Lipiden die Eigenschaften der Emulsionsteilchen bestimmend sind, während freie Fettsäuren aufgrund ihrer Moleküleigenschaften die Plättchenmembranen passieren und in hohen Konzentrationen zur Zellzerstörung führen.
On the Role of the Stable Plasminogen Activator of the Venous Wall in Occlusion Induced Fibrinolytic State
Authors: Constantini R , Spöttl F , Holzknecht F , Braunsteiner H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe fibrinolytic activity respectively the PA activity of normal veins before and after venous occlusion is measured by the histochemical method of Todd. The results show marked decreases of PA of the adventitia and an increase of PA of the endothelial type, after venous occlusion. This suggests a transfer of PA through the venous wall into the intravascular lumen, and may be the cause of increased fibrinolytic activity in venous blood after occlusion. Contrary assumptions are discussed.
Die Beeinflussung der Wirkung des Trypsins auf die Blutgerinnung durch natürliche und synthetische Trypsin- und Thrombininhibitoren
Authors: Landmann H , Markwardt F , Perlewitz J 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungNiedrige Trypsinkonzentrationen bringen Blut und Plasma in Abwesenheit von Kalziumionen zur Gerinnung, höhere Trypsinkonzentrationen verursachen Ungerinnbarkeit. Diese Phänomene, die trotz eines hohen Antitrypsingehaltes des Blutplasmas Zustandekommen, beruhen auf einer Prothrombinaktivierung bzw. einem proteolytischen Fibrinogenabbau. Die Prothrombinaktivierung wird durch natürliche und synthetische Hemmstoffe des Trypsins nicht verhindert, während der Fibrinogenabbau durch natürliche Proteinaseninhibitoren vollständig und durch synthetische Inhibitoren teilweise aufgehoben wird. Kaninchenthrombozyten enthalten im Gegensatz zu menschlichen Thrombozyten ein fest gebundenes Antitrypsin, dessen Aktivität 1-2% der Plasma-Antitrypsin-Aktivität ausmacht. Menschliches Plasma hat einen um 37% höheren Antitrypsingehalt als Kaninchenplasma. Infusionen oder Injektionen von Trypsin bewirken bei Kaninchen einen lebensbedrohlichen Zustand, der durch eine massive in tra vitale Gerinnung hervorgerufen wird. Dieser Zustand kann durch Thrombinhemmstoffe, nicht dagegen durch natürliche oder synthetische Trypsinhemmstoffe verhindert werden.
The Role of the Mast Cell in Thrombolysis Induced by Heparin and a Heparin-Like Substance SP54
Authors: FitzGerald D. E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryMast cell uptake of biologically synthesised sodium heparin S35 was shown by Loomis (4). Selye (7) has reviewed the part played by these cells in the storage and production of heparin-like substances. In the studies preceeding these investigations the thrombolytic action of heparin and SP54 was demonstrated (1). In these experiments it has been shown that following degranulation of the mast cell, intravenously injected heparin or SP54 can be taken up by these cells within 24 hrs.This suggests that the mast cell in the perivascular tissues plays a role in the utilization of injected heparin. It may be that exogenous heparin is altered in some way “in vivo” to produce thrombolysis and that the mast cell plays a part in this mechanism.
Purification of the Antihemophilic Factor by Gel Filtration on Agarose
Authors: Paulssen M.M.P , Wouterlood A.C.M.G.B , Scheffers H.L.M.A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFactor VIII can be isolated from plasma proteins, including fibrinogen by chromatography on agarose. The best results were obtained with Sepharose 6B. Large scale preparation is also possible when cryoprecipitate is separated by chromatography. In most fractions containing factor VIII a turbidity is observed which may be due to the presence of chylomicrons.The purified factor VIII was active in vivo as well as in vitro.
Zur Pathogenese obliterierender Arterienprozesse bei Hypercholesterinämie
Authors: Frost H 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungBei Kaninchen, die 14 Tage bzw. 3 Wochen mit cholesterinreicher Nahrung gefüttert wurden, konnten ausnahmslos zahlreiche Thrombozyten an der Wand der Bauch aorta und der Aa. carotides mit Hilfe eines Raster-Elektronenmikroskops adhärent gefunden werden. Darüberhinaus zeigten sich vermehrt Endothelabschilferungen und tröpfchenförmige Adhäsionen, die für Fett gehalten werden. Andere Elemente des strömenden Blutes waren nicht festzustellen. Bei Kontrolltieren wurden in den entsprechenden Gefäßen keine Wandadhäsionen gefunden.Es wird angenommen, daß eine alimentäre Hypercholesterinämie zu Fettphago-zytose und erhöhter Adhäsionsbereitschaft der Thrombozyten führt. Darüberhinaus können bei Hypercholesterinämie anscheinend Fetttröpfchen auch direkt an der Gefäßwand adhärent werden.Das weitere Schicksal solcher Wandadhäsionen wird diskutiert.
The Disappearance of Fibrin from the Pulmonary Vessels in Experimental Fat Embolism
Authors: Saldeen T 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe background mechanism for the disappearance of intravascular fibrin from the lungs in connection with pulmonary fat embolism in the rat was studied.The reticulo-endothelial system did not appear to play an important role in the disappearance of fibrin. Premedication of the animals with trypan blue had only slight influence on this disappearance, and the capacity of RES for phagocytizing 131I-denatured albumin was not diminished.Treatment of the rats with a plasminogen activation inhibitor (EACA) resulted in a protracted presence of intravascular fibrin deposits, indicating a role of fibrinolysis in the elimination of the fibrin.In connection with experimental fat embolism induced by fracture, an increase was observed in the plasminogen activator concentration in the blood, but when the fat embolism was induced by intravenous injection of homogenized adipose tissue, this activator decreased. At an early stage following intravascular coagulation in the lungs there was an increased fibrinolytic activity in the lung. These results indicated that the disappearance of fibrin is caused by local fibrinolysis in the lung.Twenty-four hrs after the induction of the fat embolism an increase in the plasminogen activator inhibitors in the blood and a decrease in the fibrinolytic activity in the lung was observed. The significance of this inhibition of the fibrinolytic system for the understanding of the fat embolism syndrome is discussed.
The Effect of Chronic Administration of Lathyrogen (Beta-Aminopropionitrile) on Blood Clotting and Fibrinolytic System in Rabbits
Authors: Bańkowski E , Worowski K 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effect of chronic intoxication of rabbits with beta-aminopropionitrile on blood clotting and fibrinolysis was studied.The increase of clotting time of whole blood and recalcified plasma accompanied with the decrease of factor IX, XI and XIII level were observed. On the other hand the significant increase of fibrinogen content and soluble complexes of fibrin monomers level was found.A deep inhibition of fibrinolytic activity of plasma was stated. The decrease of thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activity of saline extracts of some internal organs was also observed. The mechanism of above described changes and their significance in pathology are discussed.
Über die fibrinolytische Aktivität von Rinderprothrombinpräparaten nach Seegers
Authors: Andrassy K , Egbring R , Egli H 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. In den Rinderprothrombinpräparaten nach Seegers (eigene Aufbereitung) läßt sich als Thrombin E ein Aktivator des fibrinolytischen Systems wie auch ein proteolytisches Enzym auf Standard- und Hitzefibrinplatten nachweisen. Dieses proteolytische Enzym dürfte mit Plasmin identisch sein.2. Der Zusatz von AMCHA in hoher Konzentration zu den Rinderprothrombinpräparaten bewirkt eine Blockierung der proteolytischen Komponente, nicht oder nur unvollständig des Plasminogenaktivators.3. Der Zusatz von Trasylol dagegen hemmt die Lyse sowohl auf den Hitzefibrinwie auf den Standardfibrinplatten.4. Rinderprothrombin nach Seegers spaltet nicht nur plasminogenhaltiges, sondern auch plasminogenfreies Fibrinogen.5. Mit Plasmin-Novo läßt sich nach Seegers aufbereitetes Rinderprothrombin zu Thrombin aktivieren.6. Der Zusatz von AMCHA zu Prothrombin und Plasmin kann weder die Thrombinbildung noch die Aktivierung der Fibrinolyse verhindern.7. Trasylol dagegen hemmt die Lyse auf Standardfibrin- und auf der Hitzefibrinplatte, jedoch nicht die Thrombinbildung aus Prothrombin durch Einwirkung von Plasmin.8. Die vorgenannten Befunde sprechen dafür, daß eine „Autokatalyse” des nach Seegers aufbereiteten Rinderprothrombins durch Beimengung von proteolytisch wirksamen Substanzen mit Plasmincharakter hervorgerufen werden kann.
Bleeding Time and Surgical Blood Losses in Nonhemorrhagic People
Authors: Roskam J 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Discussion of various clinical trials upon the hemostatic properties of adrenochrome derivatives suggest a possible correlation between bleeding time and hemostatic plug resistance.2. It is hoped that this hypothesis will result in new experiments in man and in laboratory animal which might improve general non-specific hemostatic therapy, more especially in order to lessen preventively surgical blood losses.
Discriminant Analysis on Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Data Obtained During Liver Homotransplantation
Authors: Currin D. R , Pechet L 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHuman and canine liver transplants representing two sample populations of living and dead, were studied by means of multivariate discriminant analysis using ten coagulation assays as input parameters. This procedure produced correct sample classifications at the .975 significance level in all cases. It is suggested that such a procedure, or similar procedures, may be used, when integrated within the proper information system, as an early adjunct to prognosis. It is further concluded that coagulation parameters represents, at least in part, the basis set which spans a multivariate discriminant partition space for liver transplantation.
Studies on Blood Coagulation Factor V
Authors: Kahn M. J. P , Hemker H. C 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe interaction between stearates and coagulation factors consists of adsorption of the factors and partial activation resulting in thrombin formation. Factors V and XI are most readily adsorbed, closely followed by factor X.Activation is seen most clearly with low concentrations of the adsorbant. It can be inhibited by omission of Ca++ ions and addition of hirudin, thus it involves most probably the generation of thrombin. No thrombin is found in the reaction mixture due to the strong adsorption of thrombin on stearates. The effects of activation are small compared to the effect of adsorption time, pH, temperature and hirudin.Activity of factor V can be demonstrated in the adsorbed state but the factor cannot be eluted. Factor X shows no activity when adsorbed, but can be eluted from the powder. This suggests that the biological activity of factor V resides in a hydro-phylic part of the molecule, whereas the active centre of factor X probably is hidden but not destroyed by hydrophobic surfaces. The implications of these findings for the concept of prothrombinase formation on phospholipids are discussed.
Thrombosthenin - Electron Microscopical Studies on Its Localization in Human Blood Platelets and Some Properties of Its Subunits
Authors: Bettex-Galland M , Lüscher E. F , Weibel E. R 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Thrombosthenin A, the actin-like component of the contractile protein of blood platelets, was prepared in its monomeric or globular form and compared by gel electrophoresis with actin from rabbit striated muscle. Both proteins migrate at the same speed.The ultrastructure of the fibrillar form of thrombosthenin A was studied by negative contrast technique in the electron microscope. The pictures reveal a helicoidal, double-stranded, beaded structure similar to the fibrillar form of muscle actin. From measurements of periodicity it was concluded that the protein unit must have a diameter of approximately 35 Å.2. The structure of thrombosthenin in its superprecipitated form, also on negative contrast pictures, shows the presence of the fibrillar form of thrombosthenin A and of large, spindle-like aggregates of thrombosthenin M.3. Thrombosthenin in the precipitated and superprecipitated form was fixed and examined on ultra-thin sections. The precipitate is built up of fine, evenly distributed strands due mainly to the presence of the fibrillar form of thrombosthenin A; the super-precipitate shows an obvious contraction of the protein material made up of thin filaments of thrombosthenin A and spindle-like, well contrasted large needles of thrombosthenin M.4. Glycerol-extracted normal, human platelets were exposed to conditions favoring precipitation and superprecipitation of thrombosthenin : it was possible to localize the contractile material in the platelet cytoplasm on the basis of its characteristic structure in the contracted state.5. Normal platelets were fixed and examined by means of electron microscopy: the complex structure of the marginal region is described and possible relationships between its structure and the contractile protein are discussed.
Platelet Reactions and Immune Processes
Authors: Jobin F , Tremblay F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe have studied the interaction between gammaglobulin, complement and several surfaces, in view of gaining a better insight into the molecular mechanisms of the platelet-surface interaction :1. Glass, polystyrene latex, carbon, kaolin and celite particles are known platelet-activating surfaces. All these surfaces activated complement when coated with gammaglobulin. Collagen however did not show complement fixing ability.2. Bentonite and betamethasone acetate particles also fixed complement when coated with gammaglobulin.3. The mechanism of complement fixation induced by these various surface-gammaglobulin complexes was found to be very similar to the reactions induced when immune complexes fix complement.4. The diverse mechanisms of activation of IgG molecules and the various biological and immunochemical properties of activated IgG are reviewed and discussed.5. The view is presented that many non-immune as well as immune activators of platelet reactions have in common the ability to activate complement; the possible significance of this property and the role of IgG activation in the induction of platelet reactions are discussed.
A Simple Test for Measuring Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Holdrinet A , Ewals M , Haanen C 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA simple method of measuring platelet aggregation is described which is suitable as a screening test in studies of haemostasis. This test is based on the phenomenon that blood platelets present in blood in the form of aggregates, are more rapidly deposited during centrifugation than platelets present in dispersed form.A comparative study was made of platelet concentration in the supernatant plasma of slowly centrifuged EDTA-blood, heparinized blood and heparinized blood mixed with ADP (end concentration 4.5 μg/ml).As expected, the platelet concentration was always highest in the EDTA-plasma because EDTA prevents platelet aggregation and disperses platelet aggregates if already present. The difference in platelet count between EDTA-plasma and heparin-ADP, expressed as per cents of the count in EDTA-plasma, was called ADP-aggregation. The ADP-aggregation exceeded 79% in 35 normal subjects. It was lower than 79% in 6 of 9 von Willebrand patients, 11 of 13 relatives of these patients and 7 of 8 uraemic patients.The percentual difference in platelet concentration between EDTA-plasma and heparinized plasma was called spontaneous aggregation. This was significantly lower in von Willebrand patients and their relatives than in the control group. By comparing all groups of patients collectively with the normal control group, an even more marked difference in spontaneous aggregation was found.
Interaction of Bacterial Endotoxin and Liquoid with Blood Platelets: Aggregation and Decrease in the Electrokinetic Charge
Authors: Gröttum K. A , Hjort P. F , Jeremic M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effects of Endotoxin and Liquoid on the electrophoretic mobility of human platelets and erythrocytes in vitro and on rabbit platelets and erythrocytes in vivo and in vitro have been investigated.Liquoid reduced the electrophoretic mobility of human platelets to 74% of normal and rabbit platelets to 59% in vitro and to 68% of normal in vivo, while the erythrocytes were unchanged. Liquoid induced massive aggregation of both human and rabbit platelets. In very high concentrations, Liquoid increased the electrophoretic mobility of human platelets and did not induce aggregation.Endotoxin reduced the electrophoretic mobility of rabbit platelets to 83% of normal and aggregated the platelets, but had none of these effects on human platelets.The effects of Endotoxin and Liquoid were inhibited by EDTA, but not by ADPase, suggesting that aggregation was not mediated through ADP.We conclude that Liquoid has the same pattern of effects on the electrokinetic charge of platelets and platelet aggregation as the acid polymeric agents dextran sulphate and heparin. There was good correlation between reduction in the electrokinetic charge of the platelets and platelet aggregation. There were striking similarities between the effects of these agents and Endotoxin.
Über eine Neuraminidase in den Thrombozyten und Erythrozyten des Rindes
Authors: Gielen W , Etzrodt Jacqueline , Uhlenbruck G 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Homogenat lysierter Rinderthrombozyten weist eine Neuraminidase-Aktivität auf. Das Enzym ist strukturgebunden. In den Überständen nach Zentrifugation lysierter Thrombozyten fanden wir nur eine sehr geringe Neuraminidasewirkung. Ebenso wie die Influenzavirus-neuraminidase (13) und die Gehirnneuraminidase der Ratte (22) kann die Neuraminidase der Thrombozyten und der Erythrozyten durch Pronase solubilisiert werden. Die Neuraminidase der Thrombozyten und der Erythrozyten dürfte für die Funktion dieser Zellen und für den Stoffwechsel neuraminsäure-haltiger Thrombozyten- bzw. Erythrozytenbestandteile von Bedeutung sein.
The Kidneys and the Fibrinolytic Activity in the Blood
Authors: Isacson S , Marie Nilsson Inga 
Published: June 2018

SummaryExtensive analysis of the fibrinolytic activity of the blood after venous occlusion and histochemical determination of the activity in biopsy specimens of superficial veins from patients who had been bilaterally nephrectomized and treated with haemodialysis for 3-15 months pending the availability of suitable transplants appeared to warrant the conclusion that plasminogen activators form in the vessel walls and do not substantiate the earlier reports of an essential role of the kidney in maintaining fibrinolysis of the blood.
Abnormal Fibrin Stabilization in Renal Failure
Authors: Losowsky M. S , Walls W. D 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPlasma F.S.F. activity was measured by a quantitative technique in 41 patients with renal failure. It was subnormal in 35, being undemonstrable in 32.There was no significant difference in activity between patients with acute and patients with chronic renal failure, and co-existing jaundice had no significant effect on plasma F. S. F. activity.Plasma fibrinogen concentrations were frequently increased. Patients with the highest levels of plasma fibrinogen tended to retain demonstrable F.S.F. activity.Plasma F.S.F. activity was not related to the height of the blood urea.Haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis had no significant effect on plasma F.S.F. activity.Plasma F.S.F. activity returned to normal following recovery of acute renal failure.Diminished plasma F.S.F. activity did not appear to be responsible for abnormal haemorrhage although it may act as a contributory factor.It is suggested that impaired fibrin stabilization might be responsible for abnormal wound healing in uraemia.
The Influence of Various Plasma Components on the Lysis of Dilute Human Blood Clots
Authors: Gallimore M. J , Shaw J. T. B 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe influence of various plasma components on the lysis of dilute blood clots has been investigated. Blood from normal subjects was diluted with 0.12 M sodium acetate and the component being investigated was added; the clots which formed on the addition of thrombin were incubated and their lysis was observed. Fibrinogen and factor XIII were found to retard clot lysis. Plasminogen activator accelerated lysis, and the serum antiplasmins and plasminogen had only marginal effects at the concentrations studied. The significance of the dilute blood clot lysis assay is discussed in the light of these observations.
The Purification of Fibrinogen Degradation Products by Pevikon Block Electrophoresis
Authors: Marder V. J , James H. L , Sherry S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe use of Pevikon block electrophoresis for the purification of bulk quantities of the major end-products of plasmin digestion of fibrinogen has been described. Greater than 50% yields of Fragments D and E were obtained, each free of contamination with the other.