bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilisation of hypertension and type 2 diabetes management services in Indonesia
Authors: Mulyanto Joko , Kringos Dionne S. , Kunst Anton E. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryObjectivesTo describe socioeconomic inequalities in the utilisation of hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2D) management services in the Indonesian population and to determine whether education level and geographical location contribute to inequalities.MethodsCross‐sectional study using data from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (N = 30 762 for hypertension; N = 6758 for T2D). Socioeconomic status was measured by household consumption. The prevalence of hypertension and T2D was determined using internationally standardised clinical measurement, while disease management was defined by participation in screening and current use of medication. The relative index of inequality (RII) was used to estimate inequalities, adjusted to education level and geographical location.ResultsFor all household consumption quintiles, we observed low rates of screening participation for T2D and low medication use in both hypertension and T2D. We found socioeconomic inequalities in screening participation for hypertension (RII 2.68, 95% CI 2.42–2.96) and T2D (RII 7.30, 95% CI 5.48–9.72) and also for medication use in hypertension (RII 3.09, 95% CI 2.28–4.18) and T2D (RII 2.81, 95% CI 1.09–7.27). Education level contributed to socioeconomic inequalities in screening utilisation for both hypertension and T2D. Geographical location contributed to inequalities in screening utilisation and medication use for T2D. Socioeconomic inequalities in medication use for hypertension and T2D were larger among men than women.ConclusionsLarge socioeconomic inequalities were found in the utilisation of hypertension and T2D management services in Indonesia. Improving affordability, availability and approachability of services is crucial to reduce such inequalities.
Population‐based prevalence of human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ngoma Alain M. , Omokoko Magot D. , Mutombo Paulin B. , Mvika Eddy S. , Muwonga Jeremie M. , Nollet Kenneth E. , Ohto Hitoshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1), the causative agent of adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), is endemic in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) and poses a high morbidity and mortality risk. Its prevalence in the general population is poorly understood. The potential for prevention motivated us to do a systematic review and meta‐analysis of population‐based studies to estimate the prevalence of HTLV‐1 in SSA.MethodsA comprehensive, no‐limit search was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from their inception dates to March 2019. Population‐based studies presenting data on HTLV‐1 in sub‐Saharan Africa were included. Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 21 studies were included, representing 42 297 participants. The pooled HTLV‐1 seroprevalence was 3.19% (95% CI 2.36–4.12%) with variations across year of study. Prevalence of HTLV‐1 positively correlated with year of study (β = 0.0036, P = 0.007). Participants from Central, Western and Southern Africa had a seroprevalence of 4.16% (95% CI 2.43–6.31%), 2.66% (95% CI 1.80–3.68%) and 1.56% (95% CI 0.48–3.15%), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that HTLV‐1 infection is a public health concern in SSA and highlight the need to implement effective preventive programmes and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of this common yet neglected infection.
The H3 histone chaperone NASPSIM3 escorts CenH3 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Le Goff Samuel , Keçeli Burcu Nur , Jeřábková Hana , Heckmann Stefan , Rutten Twan , Cotterell Sylviane , Schubert Veit , Roitinger Elisabeth , Mechtler Karl , Franklin F. Christopher H. , Tatout Christophe , Houben Andreas , Geelen Danny , Probst Aline V. , Lermontova Inna 
Published: August 2019

SummaryCentromeres define the chromosomal position where kinetochores form to link the chromosome to microtubules during mitosis and meiosis. Centromere identity is determined by incorporation of a specific histone H3 variant termed CenH3. As for other histones, escort and deposition of CenH3 must be ensured by histone chaperones, which handle the non‐nucleosomal CenH3 pool and replenish CenH3 chromatin in dividing cells. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis orthologue of the mammalian NUCLEAR AUTOANTIGENIC SPERM PROTEIN (NASP) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe histone chaperone Sim3 is a soluble nuclear protein that binds the histone variant CenH3 and affects its abundance at the centromeres. NASPSIM3 is co‐expressed with Arabidopsis CenH3 in dividing cells and binds directly to both the N‐terminal tail and the histone fold domain of non‐nucleosomal CenH3. Reduced NASPSIM3 expression negatively affects CenH3 deposition, identifying NASPSIM3 as a CenH3 histone chaperone.
Corneal hypoesthesia, aqueous tear deficiency, and neurotrophic keratopathy following micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in dogs
Authors: Sebbag Lionel , Crabtree Elizabeth E. , Sapienza John S. , Kim Kay , Rodriguez Elena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe ocular surface complications following micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP‐TSCPC) in dogs.Animals studiedEighteen dogs treated with MP‐TSCPC at two institutions for glaucoma management.ProceduresMP‐TSCPC was applied to each eye (avoiding 3 and 9 o'clock positions) with 31.3% duty cycle, 2000‐3000 mW energy, and 90‐180 seconds duration per hemisphere. Central corneal tactile sensation (CTS) and Schirmer tear test‐1 (STT‐1) were measured at baseline and ≥2 post‐operative visits in each dog.ResultsCorneal sensitivity decreased in 16/18 dogs (89%) by an average of 10%‐42% (up to 100% in 4 dogs). CTS decline was rapid (≤1 week) and only fully recovered in 50% of dogs within 8‐180 days. Patients' age, glaucoma duration, laser energy, and total energy delivered did not affect CTS at any visit. However, brachycephalic dogs had significantly lower CTS and likelihood to recover full sensation compared with nonbrachycephalic dogs. Aqueous tear deficiency (STT‐1 < 15 mm/min) occurred in 8/18 dogs (44%) within 7‐270 days, and concurrent signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca were noted in 2/18 dogs (11%). Neurotrophic corneal ulcers developed in 6/18 dogs (33.3%) and required 16‐53 days to heal.ConclusionsCorneal hypoesthesia is a common complication of MP‐TSCPC in dogs, and can lead to serious adverse effects such as aqueous tear deficiency and neurotrophic corneal ulcers. Brachycephalic dogs represent a population at higher risk. Close monitoring of ocular surface health is recommended for months following MP‐TSCPC in dogs.
The nativization of English in Taiwanese magazine advertisements
Authors: Hsu Jia‐Ling 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigates from a sociolinguistic perspective how Taiwanese copywriters nativize English in Chinese‐based advertising copy in Taiwanese magazines in response to the growing impact of globalization over a decade. Two corpuses of magazine ads are used for quantitative and qualitative analyses: 649 ads from a 1999 English‐mixing magazine ads corpus and 1,505 ads from a 2009 corpus. The analysis demonstrates a clear trend of Taiwanese copywriters showing growing bilingual ingenuity by coining English phrases and sentences via recruiting verbatim translation based on Chinese grammar. The results of this study shed light on how nativization of English has been reinforced through copywriters’ linguistic innovation and exploitation of grammatical and collocational deviations in an era of increasing globalization.
Redefining gender stereotypes in Indian English TV advertising
Authors: Kathpalia Sujata S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine glocalization in Hinglish TV commercials, specifically those that break and redefine gender stereotypes. It examines how Hindi and English in these commercials modulate sociocultural identities, representing Hindi as old and English as new. Two questions which are addressed in this article are whether Hinglish reflects the hybrid culture of the new urban Indian, and whether there is an emergence of new modern values associated with liberalism in place of the older traditional values of family, marriage and propriety.
Global marketing translation and localization for French‐speaking countries
Authors: Martin Elizabeth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article explores translation practices in international advertising designed for different French‐speaking countries, highlighting the myriad ways in which global brands reshape their messages to appeal to local markets. A number of factors will determine the specific approach to linguistic and cultural phenomena when adapting a global advertising campaign for local audiences. In addition to the seamless blending of translated content and multimodal language mixing appearing in advertising for these markets, one notices that the degree of French‐English mixing, types of bilingual creativity and glossing techniques differ noticeably across markets, media and product categories. Newer technologies and the social media craze have also had a profound impact on the assimilation of English borrowings.
The Effects of a Three Months Exercise on Physical Fitness, Body Composition and Some Blood Parameters in Sedentary Middle Aged Female
Authors: P. Pelin Akyol , İmamoğlu Osman 
Published: August 2019

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of three months of aerobic exercise on physical fitness, body composition and some blood parameters in sedentary Female. 45 sedentary Female with an average age of 36.11±1.04 years, high of 158.9 ±0.76 cm and weight of 70.83 ±1.67 kg have been selected. Sedentary Females were trained through an aerobic exercises programmed one hour a day for three days a week. The aerobic exercise time was on 12 weeks. Setting-up exercises and training in each training session were arranged in such a way as to make each woman’s heart rate to between a levels of 130-140 beats per minute. Statistical analysis were done with Paired-t test, Variance analysis and Scheffe tests. At the end of the three months exercise programmed, a decrease of %9.06 in body weight, %9.96 in systolic blood pressure, %6.94 in diastolic blood pressure, %12.42 in total cholesterol, %22.44 in Triglyceride, %21.16 in low density lipoprotein and %21.4 in fat content ratio have been registered. However, there were increases of %26.22 in hand grip power, %63.83 in the maximum oxygen transfer, %6.2 in aerobic strength and %16.34 in high density lipoprotein. Even though the three months exercise has produced significant effect to on systolic blood pressure, jumping, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo-B, Triglyceride, Hip circumference at .01 level. On number of heart beats, hand grip power, waist circumference, the maximum oxygen transfer, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo A I and fat contents, diastolic blood pressure and aerobic strength at .05 level. Conclusions: The result of three months low intensity aerobic exercises have shown the fact that such exercises could improve high density lipoprotein cholesterol values and physical fitness. Also by the changes of body fat, Triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol values parameters it reduces body parameters. The risk for cardiovascular problems are reduced on sedentary females. Aerobic exercises programmers may be recommended to reduce hypertension, weight loss, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases or metabolic diseases on sedentary females between 130-140 heart rate.
Fluid balance monitoring in congestive heart failure patients in hospital: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Yang Shu-Hua , Mu Pei-Fan , Wu Hsiu-Ling , Curia Marianne 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This aim of this project was to promote best practice in fluid balance monitoring in congestive heart failure patients.

Introduction:
Fluid overload or pulmonary/vascular congestion is a common clinical feature in patients with heart failure and is associated with adverse outcomes. Maintaining records of patients’ fluid intake and output (I&O) has long been considered an important aspect of nursing care to assess hydration status. In clinical practice, a prevalence of incongruence between I&O results and clinical signs and symptoms has been noted. We postulate that this incongruence may be due to an inaccurate or non-comprehensive collection of fluid I&O and/or patients’ and their families’ inadequate recognition of the importance of I&O recording.

Methods:
This implementation project was conducted in a cardiology ward of a medical hospital using the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System. Three audit criteria were utilized to represent best practice recommendations for fluid balance monitoring. A pre-implementation audit was conducted, followed by development of multiple interventions identified from a Getting Research into Practice analysis. Two post-implementation audits were conducted to determine the change in practice.

Results:
The post-implementation audit data demonstrated significantly improved outcomes across the measured best practice criteria. Specifically, improvement in compliance was noted in: i) fluid balance charts being utilized in conjunction with physical assessment and electrolyte monitoring to assess the hydration status of a patient (from 58% to 100% compliance); ii) patient involvement in more accurate documentation (from 42% to 75% compliance); and iii) staff education in fluid balance monitoring and documentation (from 53% to 100% compliance).

Conclusion:
Fluid record omission was reduced at the completion of the project secondary to an increased awareness of the fluid record omission standards among patients as well as physical assessment and fluid overload correlation among the nursing staff in the unit. The findings demonstrate how audits can be utilized to promote best practice in health care. Additionally, the data indicate that focused education and the provision of relevant resources can have an immediate and positive impact on clinical practice.
Effect of flunarizine on defibrillation outcomes and early refibrillation in a canine model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Xing Chaofan , Jin Qi , Zhang Ning , Liu Shaohua , Lin Changjian , Wu Qiong , Luo Qingzhi , Liu Ao , Wu Liqun 
Published: August 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Can successful electrical shock in combination with a delayed after‐depolarization (DAD) blocker suppress early refibrillation episodes following long duration ventricular fibrillation (LDVF)?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Flunarizine significantly reduced the activation of LDVF and early ventricular fibrillation (VF) recurrence following LDVF, suggesting that DADs potentially contribute to refibrillation in prolonged VF. Thus, DAD inhibition can be used as an adjunctive therapy for electrical defibrillation to treat prolonged VF and suppress refibrillation following LDVF.

AbstractThis study attempts to detect changes in the defibrillation threshold (DFT) at different stages of ventricular fibrillation (VF) (short duration VF, SDVF; long duration VF, LDVF) and during early refibrillation following successful defibrillation of LDVF by giving flunarizine, a blocker of delayed after‐depolarizations (DADs). Twelve beagles were divided into two groups (the control group, n = 6; and the flunarizine group, n = 6). Two 64‐electrode basket catheters were deployed into the left and the right ventricles for global endocardium mapping. The DFTs of SDVF and LDVF were determined at 20 s and 7 min, respectively, after VF induction in each group. Any refibrillation episodes were recorded within 15 min after the first successful defibrillation of LDVF. In the flunarizine group, the SDVF‐DFT values before and after the drug were not significantly different. The 7 min LDVF‐DFTs were markedly reduced by 26% (P < 0.05, the control group) and 38% (P < 0.01, the flunarizine group) compared to the 20 s SDVF‐DFTs within each group. The difference between SDVF‐DFT and LDVF‐DFT after flunarizine was larger than that in the control group (213 ± 65 vs. 120 ± 84 V, P < 0.05). The number of refibrillation episodes per animal (1.3 ± 1.0) following successful defibrillation of LDVF after flunarizine was 48% of that in controls (2.7 ± 2.0, P < 0.05). The effect of flunarizine on SDVF‐DFT and LDVF‐DFT indicates that the role of DADs in the defibrillation mechanism may differ as VF continues. Flunarizine significantly reduced early VF recurrence following LDVF, suggesting that DADs potentially contribute to refibrillation in a canine model of prolonged VF.
Cerebrovascular regulation is not blunted during mental stress
Authors: Shoemaker Leena N. , Wilson Luke C. , Lucas Samuel J. E. , Machado Liana , Cotter James D. 
Published: August 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
What are the effects of acute mental stress on the mechanisms regulating cerebral blood flow?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The major new findings are as follows: (i) high mental stress and hypercapnia had an interactive effect on mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity; (ii) high mental stress altered the regulation of cerebral blood flow; (iii) the increased cerebrovascular hypercapnic reactivity was not driven by changes in mean arterial pressure alone; and (iv) this increased perfusion with mental stress appeared not to be justified functionally by an increase in oxygen demand (as determined by near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived measures).

AbstractIn this study, we examined the effects of acute mental stress on cerebrovascular function. Sixteen participants (aged 23 ± 4 years; five female) were exposed to low and high mental stress using simple arithmetic (counting backwards from 1000) and more complex arithmetic (serial subtraction of 13 from a rapidly changing four‐digit number), respectively. During consecutive conditions of baseline, low stress and high stress, end‐tidal partial pressure of CO2 () was recorded at normocapnia (37 ± 3 mmHg) and clamped at two elevated levels (P < 0.01): 41 ± 1 and 46 ± 1 mmHg. Mean right middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAvmean; transcranial Doppler ultrasound), right prefrontal cortex haemodynamics (near‐infrared spectroscopy) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; finger photoplethysmography) were measured continuously. Cerebrovascular hypercapnic reactivity (ΔMCAvmean/Δ), cerebrovascular conductance (CVC; MCAvmean/MAP), CVC CO2 reactivity (ΔCVC/Δ) and total peripheral resistance (MAP/cardiac output) were calculated. Acute high mental stress increased MCAvmean by 7 ± 7%, and more so at higher (32 ± 10%; interaction, P = 0.03), illustrating increased sensitivity to CO2 (i.e. its major regulator). High mental stress also increased MAP (17 ± 9%; P ≤ 0.01), coinciding with increased near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived prefrontal haemoglobin volume and saturation measures. High mental stress elevated both cerebrovascular hypercapnic and conductance reactivities (main effect of stress, P ≤ 0.04). These findings indicate that the cerebrovascular response to acute high mental stress results in a coordinated regulation between multiple processes.
Crime and Physical Activity: Development of a Conceptual Framework and Measures
Authors: Patch Christina M. , Roman Caterina G. , Conway Terry L. , Taylor Ralph B. , Gavand Kavita A. , Saelens Brian E. , Adams Marc A. , Cain Kelli L. , Engelberg Jessa K. , Mayes Lauren , Roesch Scott C. , Sallis James F. 
Published: August 2019

Background: A common hypothesis is that crime is a major barrier to physical activity, but research does not consistently support this assumption. This article advances research on crime-related safety and physical activity by developing a multilevel conceptual framework and reliable measures applicable across age groups.Methods: Criminologists and physical activity researchers collaborated to develop a conceptual framework. Survey development involved qualitative data collection and resulted in 155 items and 26 scales. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to assess test–retest reliability in a subsample of participants (N = 176). Analyses were conducted separately by age groups.Results: Test–retest reliability for most scales (63 of 104 ICCs across 4 age groups) was “excellent” or “good” (ICC ≥ .60) and only 18 ICCs were “poor” (ICC < .40). Reliability varied by age group. Adolescents (aged 12–17 y) had ICCs above the .40 threshold for 21 of 26 scales (81%). Young adults (aged 18–39 y) and middle-aged adults (aged 40–65 y) had ICCs above .40 for 24 (92%) and 23 (88%) scales, respectively. Older adults (aged 66 y and older) had ICCs above .40 for 18 of 26 scales (69%).Conclusions: The conceptual framework and reliable measures can be used to clarify the inconclusive relationships between crime-related safety and physical activity.
Interactions between propagating rifts and linear weaknesses in the lower crust
Authors: Molnar Nicolas E. , Cruden Alexander R. , Betts Peter G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPre-existing structures in the crust such as shear zones, faults, and mobile belts are known to exert a significant control on the structural evolution of continental rifts. However, the influence of such features when the extension direction progressively changes over time remains uncertain. Here we present new results from three-dimensional lithospheric-scale laboratory experiments of rotational extension that provide key insights into the temporal evolution of propagating rifts. We specifically test and characterize how rifts propagate and interact with linear crustal rheological heterogeneities oriented at variable angles with respect to the extension direction. Results show that approximately rift-parallel pre-existing heterogeneities favor the formation of long, linear faults that reach near-final lengths at early stages. Low angles between the heterogeneities and the propagating rift axis may result in strong strike-slip reactivation of the pre-existing structures if they are suitably oriented with respect to the stretching direction. When the linear heterogeneities are oriented at intermediate to high angles rift branches become laterally offset as they propagate, resulting in complex rhombic fault patterns. Rift-perpendicular crustal heterogeneities do not affect fault trends during rift propagation, but cause stalling and deepening of laterally growing rift basins. Similarities between the analogue experimental results and selected natural examples provide insights on how nature finds the preferential pathway to breakup in heterogeneous continental lithosphere.