bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorting nexin-21 is a scaffold for the endosomal recruitment of huntingtin
Authors: Danson Chris M. , Pearson Neil , Heesom Kate J. , Cullen Peter J. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
The endo-lysosomal network serves an essential role in determining the fate of endocytosed transmembrane proteins and their associated proteins and lipids. Sorting nexins (SNXs) play a central role in the functional organisation of this network. Comprising over 30 proteins in humans, SNXs are classified into sub-groups based on the presence of additional functional domains. Sorting nexin-20 (SNX20) and sorting nexin-21 (SNX21) comprise the SNX-PXB proteins. The presence of a predicted protein-protein interaction domain, termed the PX-associated B (PXB) domain, has led to the proposal that they function as endosome-associated scaffolds. Here, we used unbiased quantitative proteomics to define the SNX21 interactome. We reveal that the N-terminal extension of SNX21 interacts with huntingtin (Htt) whereas the PXB domain appears to associate with septins, a family of cytoskeletal- and membrane-associated proteins. In establishing that these interactions are sufficient for SNX21 to recruit Htt and septins on to an endosomal population, we reveal a scaffolding function for this sorting nexin. Our work paves the way for a more-detailed mechanistic analysis of the role(s) of the SNX-PXB proteins in endosomal biology.
Vector Space Decomposition for Solving Large-Scale Linear Programs
Authors: Gauthier Jean Bertrand , Desrosiers Jacques , Lübbecke Marco E. 
Published: August 2018

We develop an algorithmic framework for linear programming guided by dual optimality considerations. The solution process moves from one feasible solution to the next according to an exchange mechanism that is defined by a direction and a resulting step size. Part of the direction is obtained via a pricing problem devised in primal and dual forms. From the dual perspective, one maximizes the minimum reduced cost that can be achieved from splitting the set of dual variables in two subsets: one being fixed while the other is optimized. From the primal perspective, this amounts to selecting a nonnegative combination of variables entering the basis. The direction is uniquely complemented by identifying the affected basic variables, if any. The framework is presented in a generic format motivated by and alluding to concepts from network flow problems. It specializes to a variety of algorithms, several of which are well known. The most prominent is the primal simplex algorithm where all dual variables are fixed: this results in the choice of a single entering variable commonly leading to degenerate pivots. At the other extreme, we find an algorithm for which all dual variables are optimized at every iteration. Somewhere in between these two extremes lies the improved primal simplex algorithm for which one fixes the dual variables associated with the nondegenerate basic variables and optimizes the remaining ones. The two last variants both bestow a pricing problem providing necessary and sufficient optimality conditions. As a result, directions yielding strictly positive step sizes at every iteration are also issued from these pricing steps. These directions move on the edges of the polyhedron for the latter while the former can also identify interior directions.
Jordanian Discriminatory Laws Concerning Women. The Dichotomy of Strive for Progression versus Tradition
Authors: Foksa-Biegaj Agata Julia 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The primary aim of this article is to illustrate the dichotomy of Jordan as a progressive country, perhaps best exemplified through the engagement of the royal family in human rights matters, versus the traditional approach, sanctioning the discriminatory laws concerning women. This paper further attempts to demonstrate that Jordan is balancing between the conservative tribal interests, by pertaining to the Arab and Islamic tradition on the one hand, and the need for democratisation and further human rights development on the other. It is important to note, that discriminatory laws concerning women are not the only examples illustrating this peculiar mechanism, however, they constitute the most vivid one. The author further submits that many authors, as well as international bodies such as CEDAW and the Human Rights Committee, fail to understand the dynamics and complexity of the human rights situation in Jordan. Hence, these authors and authorities’ recommendations are often misguided, as they focus mostly on amending the discriminatory legislation. This article briefly discusses cultural relativism aspects and suggests that actual progress can be achieved by developing a unique language of human rights related to the Arab culture, for instance through the newly established Jordanian Constitutional Court.
Crystal structure of ethyl 2-amino-4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-7-methyl-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano[4,3-b]pyran-3-carboxylate, C18H15F2NO5
Authors: Jia Xingang , Song Jing , Cao Jipeng 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
C18H15F2NO5, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 26.896(3) Å, b = 9.005(3) Å, c = 13.737(2) Å, β = 94.971(11)°, V = 3314.6(13) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0560, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1823, T = 293(2) K.
Hydrolyse der insektiziden Phosphorsäureester
Authors: Mühlmann R. , Schrader G. 
Published: August 2018

Die praktische Brauchbarkeit eines insektiziden Phosphorsäureesters richtet sich weitgehend nach seiner hydrolytischen Beständigkeit.
Mit Hilfe von 32P-markierten Präparaten werden an 21 Stoffen die Hydrolyse-Konstanten im Temperatur-Bereich von 20-70° und im pll-Bereich von 1 - 9 untersucht.
Apiose als Bestandteil der Zellwand höherer Pflanzen
Authors: Beck Erwin , Kandler Otto 
Published: August 2018

Experiments on photosynthesis in 14CO2 with Lemna gibba and Lemna minor showed that apiose occurs only in the fraction insoluble in alcohol and water and may be released by hydrolysis. The portion of radioactivity in apiose increases in the course of photosynthesis to about the same extent as that in xylose. This differs markedly from starch (glucose) in which the portion of radioactivity decreases during photosynthesis.
Darkening, following a longer period of photosynthesis in 14CO2, leads to a change in the ratio apiose-14C/glucose-14C and xylose-14C/glucose-14C, respectively, in favour of apiose and xylose. The same is obtained if labeled glucose is fed for a longer period.
It is concluded that apiose is not part of storage material but like xylose part of a cell wall component.
Study of the Dependence of Photosynthetic Yields on the Water and Mineral Supply
Authors: Abdel-Wahab M. F. , Hassan H. M. , Megahid Y. M. , Sobhy C. M. 
Published: August 2018

The dependence of photosynthetic yields on both sodium adsorption ratio and osmotic pressure of irrigation water is discussed. As a first example, Zea mays seedlings were exposed to C14O2 in closed photosynthetic chambers for 24 hrs. The chromatographic study of aqueous and alcoholic extracts as well as the hydrolyzed tissue are shown in special tables. Other data concerning respiration rate as well as carbohydrates and mineral metabolism are also studied.
The respiration of two weeks old seedlings of Zea mays is compared with the photosynthetic process.
Anaerobe Vermehrung von Poliomyelitisvirus
Authors: Luthardt Th. 
Published: August 2018

The kinetic course of poliomyelitis virus production in monolayer cultures of monkey kidney cells is studied by assaying the cell-associated and free virus as well as by observing the cytopathic changes (CPE).
The virus production in absence of oxygen is decreased to about 1% of that under aerobic conditions. Only a small part of intracellular virus, usually less than 10%, is released from the cells.
The typical cytopathic changes do not occur under anaerobic conditions.
The latent period of virus development is not altered in anaerobically maintained cultures.
If anaerobiosis is interrupted within the first three hours after infection, virus replication and development of CPE occur in the same degree as under uninterrupted aerobic conditions. The reactions sensitive to lack of oxygen take place during the second half of the virus growth cycle (4th to 6th hour). The virus release is not influenced by the presence or absence of oxygen, provided the cells were able to synthetize sufficient amounts of virus under aerobic conditions.
The reduced virus production under anaerobic conditions is not caused by the diminished efficiency of the glycolytic metabolism. The reactions sensitive to lack of oxygen are so far unknown.
Einfluß der thermischen Vorbehandlung auf das Kristallisations-Verhalten des Selens
Authors: Eckart F. , Vogel C. H. 
Published: August 2018

Das Kristallisations-Verhalten des glasigen amorphen Selens bei der thermischen Umwandlung der amorphen in die hexagonale bis zum Schmelzpunkt thermodynamisch stabile Phase wird ebenso wie die damit eng verknüpften physikalischen Eigenschaften von den verschiedensten Faktoren, insbesondere vom Reinheitsgrad, von der Dotierung und auch von der thermischen Vorbehandlung beeinflußt.
Da die Umwandlung der amorphen in die hexagonale Modifikation exotherm verläuft, ist es mit Differential-Thermo-Analysen (DTA) möglich, die auftretenden Wärmetönungen zu bestimmen. Bereits früher 1 wurde der Einfluß der Chlordotierung auf das Kristallisations-Verhalten von hochgereinigtem Selen untersucht und gefunden, daß Chlordotierungen den Kristallisations-Verlauf entscheidend beeinflussen 2.
Der Einfluß der thermischen Vorbehandlung auf das Kristallisations-Verhalten von hochgereinigtem Selen wurde im folgenden näher untersucht.
Pyrido [2,3-d] thieno [3,2-b] [6H]thiopyran - ein neues heterocyclisches Ringsystem [1] / Pyrido [2,3-d]thieno[3,2-b] [6 H]thiopyran - a New Heterocyclic Ring System [1]
Authors: Beelitz Klaus , Praefcke Klaus , Gronowitz Salo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
UV irradiation of S-(3′-thienyl)2-chloro-thionicotinate (1) in benzene solution leads via dehydrohalogenation and cy clization in competition to α-cleavage to formation of thio-lactone 2 besides aldehyde 3 and disulphide 4. 2 contains a new heterocyclic ring system which has been confirmed by spectroscopic methods.
N-Chlor-alkanammonium-hexachloroantimonate(V) Spektren und Struktur/ N-Chloro Alkaneammonium Hexachloroantimonates(V) Spectra and Structure
Authors: Thiel Norbert , Schwarz W. , Schmidt A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
N-Alkyl-N-chloro and N-chloro alkaneammonium hexachloroantimonates(V) are prepared by reaction of N-alkyl-N-chloro and N,N-dichloroalkaneamines, resp., with hydrogenchloride/antimony(V) chloride (R = Me, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, i-Bu, t-Bu). 1H n.m.r. and the vibrational spectra are measured and NCI vibrations of the chloro alkaneamines, which exist in different rotational isomers, are reported. The crystal and molecular structure of the N-ethyl-N-chloro ethylammonium hexachloroantimonate(V) (2) is determined by X-ray analysis.
Darstellung und Aufbau von HfP2S6 / Preparation of HfP2 S6
Authors: Simon A. , Hahn H. , Peters K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Hafnium Hexathiohypodiphosphate, Crystal Structure HfP 2 S 6 is prepared from the elements at temperatures between 500 and 900 °C. The single crystal X-ray analysis reveals isotypism (Fdd2, a = 1100.7(3), b = 747.6(2), c = 2200.8(4) pm) with TiP 2 S 6 .
NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Chalkogenverbindungen, VI [1]. 34S-Isotopeneffekte auf 19F-NMR-Frequenzen und ihre Abhängigkeit von Bindungslängen / NMR Spectroscopic Studies on Chalcogen Compounds, VI [1] l4.34S Isotope Effects on 19F-NMR Frequencies and their Dependence on Bond Lengths
Authors: Gombler Willy 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Nineteen values for 34S-induced isotope shifts on the NMR frequency of directly bonded fluorine of fourteen S(II), S(IV), and S(VI) compounds are reported. The dependence of these 1Δ19F(34/32S) values on the S-F bond length is demonstrated. Three reasons for this correlation are discussed. (1) A nonlinear dependence of nuclear shielding on bond distance. (2) Decreasing energy difference of two isotopomers with increasing bond distance. (3) Decreasing anharmonicity of the potential curve with increasing bond length. Some previously unknown S-F bond distances have been estimated by this correlation. The isotope shifts decrease with increasing temperature. This is attributed to vibrationally excited states in conjunction with a nonlinear dependence of nuclear shielding on bond distance. Furthermore, 34S-induced isotope shifts on fluorine-19 over two bonds, 2Δ19F(34/32S), have been observed for the first time, and the 33S-induced isotope effect in SF6 has been measured.
Thioharnstoff-Derivate als Liganden in Eisen-Komplexen: Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von [FeI2L2], [Fe2I4L3], (L -L)2+[FeI4
-]2 (L = (Me2N )2CS) und [Fe2I4(C6H10(NH-CS -NHMe)2)2] mit einer Notiz zu [FeIL3]+[Fe4S4I3L]-/Thiourea Derivatives as Ligands in Iron Complexes: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of [FeI2L2], [Fe2I4L3], (L -L)2+[FeI4
-]2 (L = (Me2N )2CS) and [Fe2I4(C6H10(NH-CS -NHMe)2)2] and a Note on[FeIL3]+[Fe4S4I3L]-
Authors: Bierbach Ulrich , Saak Wolfgang , Haase Detlev , Pohl Siegfried 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
[FeI2L2] (1) and [Fe2I4L3] (2) are obtained from the reaction o f FeI2 and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylthiourea
(L) in tetrahydrofuran solution. The Fe(III) complex [FeI3L] (3) and iodine react in dichloromethane to give (L-L )2+[FeI4-]2 (4). The bidentate thiourea derivative C6H10(NH - CS -NHMe)2 (5) reacts in acetonitrile solution with Fel2 producing the dinuclear
complex [Fe2I4(C6H10(NH - CS -NHMe)2)2] (6).
1 and 2 were obtained in nearly quantitative, 4 and 6 in good (ca. 87%) yield.
The structures of 1, 2 ,4 and 6 were determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data.
1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C 2/c with a = 1862.5(1), b = 1084.0(1), c = 1433.4(1) pm, β = 134.01(1)°. V = 1994.69 x 106 pm3, Z = 4, conventional R 0.055. The complex exhibits a two-fold symmetry and a distorted tetrahedral coordination of Fe(II).
2: monoclinic, C 2/c, a = 1968.9(2), b = 902.8(1), c = 2222.4(2) pm, β = 123.35(1)°, V = 3299.91 x 106 pm3, Z = 4, conventional R 0.036. The metals of the dinuclear complex of 2 are sulfur-bridged with distorted tetrahedral coordination of Fe(II). The bridging sulfur lies on a two-fold axis.
4: monoclinic, P21/c, a = 1135.3(2), b = 1791.9(5), c = 1642.1(4) pm, β = 93.53°, V = 3334.00 x 106 pm3, Z = 4, conventional R 0.044. The mean Fe -I bond length within the tetrahedral Fel4
- anions is 254.1 pm. The (Me2N)2CS - S(NMe2)2
2+ cation exhibits a CS - SC dihedral angle of 75.9° and an S - S bond length o f 205.2(4) pm.
In the dinuclear complex of 6 two bidentate ligands coordinate two FeI2 units in such a way
that a central eighteen-membered ring is formed. The complex shows a two-fold symmetry.
Angles at the (pseudotetrahedral) metal range from 102.1(1) to 118.2(1)°.
The reported synthetic and structural studies and the isolation of [FeIL3]+[Fe4S4I3L]- (7) indicate
that thiourea derivatives seem to be useful ligands for the stabilization o f neutral Fe -S clusters.
Mannich Reaction with 1 ,3 - Indandione Phenylhydrazones
Authors: Afsah E. M. , Hammouda M. , Zoorob H. , Khalifa M. M. , Zimaity M. T. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Mannich reaction of 1,3-indandione-1-phenylhydrazone (1) or 1,3-diphenylhydrazone (5) with
morpholine or piperazine gave the Mannich base-phenylhydrazone 2 and 3 or the diphenylhydrazone
6 and 7, respectively. Whereas, such reaction with 1 or 5 using primary amines afforded
the indeno[2,1-ƒ]-1,2,4-triazepin-6(2H)-one (4) or its 6-phenylhydrazone (8), respectively.
Treatment of 5 with ammonium acetate and formalin afforded 9. The indeno[1,2-ƒ]-1,2,4,5-
tetrazepin-10(2H)-one (11) was obtained from the 1,2-diphenylhydrazone 10 and formaldehyde.
Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von Diazadien-Komplexen der Erdalkalimetalle / Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Diazadiene Complexes of the Alkaline Earth Metals
Authors: Lorenz Volker , Neumüller Bernhard , Thiele Karl-Heinz 
Published: August 2018

(DME)2] 1 (R = C6H4-4-CH3; DME = dimethoxyethane) was prepared by reaction of calcium with NR=CPh-CPh=NR in DME solution. The compound forms orange, moisture sensitive crystals, which were characterized by an X-ray structure determination [space group orthorhombic, P212121, Z = 4, 4634 observed unique reflections, R = 0.046; lattice dimensions at –70 °C: a = 1340.2(3), b = 1528.1(3), c = 1609.1(3) pm]. The calcium atom is coordinated by the four oxygen atoms of two chelating DME molecules and two nitrogen atoms of the diazadiene ligand, bonded in its enediamide form.
[Ba2(DME)3(NPh–CPh=CPh–NPh)2 · DME] 3 was obtained from barium metal and NPh=CPh-CPh=NPh in DME solution as red crystals [space group monoclinic, P2l/c, Z = 4, 4000 observed unique reflections, R = 0.166; lattice dimensions at -70 °C: a = 1704.5(3), b = 1786.1(4), c = 2177.4(4) pm, β = 105.98(3)°]. The two barium atoms are bridged by two differently bonded diazadiene ligands (μ2-Ν,Ν′;μ-Ν, σ-Ν′). Additionally, one of the barium atoms is coordinated to two DME molecules and the other one to only one of the ether molecules. A further DME molecule is a constituent of the crystal lattice.
Polysulfonylamine, LXIII [1] / Polysulfonylamines, LXIII [1]
Authors: Henschel Dagmar , Blaschette Armand , Jones Peter G. 
Published: August 2018

Complexes of Uncharged Molecules, Crystal Structure
The thermally labile ternary complexes 18C6 · 2MeOH · 2 HN(SO2Ph)2 (2a), 18C6 · 2MeOH · 2HN(SO2–C6H4-4-Cl)2 (2b) and 18C6 · 3 MeOH · HN(SO2Me)(SO2Ph) (3) were obtained by co-crystallization of 18-crown-6 (18C6) and the appropriate di(organosulfonyl)amine from methanolic solutions and characterized by low-temperature X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of 2a (monoclinic, space group P21/n) and 2b (triclinic, space group P1̄) consist of monomeric, centrosymmetric formula units. Each di(arenesulfonyl)-amine molecule is connected to a methanol molecule by an N-Η ··· O hydrogen bond (H ··· O 203 pm in 2a, 190 pm in 2b). The methanol molecules are linked to three alternate crown oxygen atoms via one O-Η ··· O(crown) hydrogen-bond and two weaker C-Η ··· O(crown) interactions (OH ··· O 201 pm in 2a, 186 pm in 2b; CH ··· O 236 and 247 pm in 2a, 240 and 254 pm in 2b); two symmetry-related oxygen atoms of the crown are involved in O-Η ··· O and the other four in C-Η ··· O interactions. The structure of complex 3 (monoclinic, space group P21) is built of infinite chains parallel to [101]. The methyl group of the di(organosulfonyl)amine is bonded by C-Η ··· O(crown) interactions to a set of three alternate oxygen atoms of the cyclic polyether (H ··· O 228, 245 and 247 pm). Starting from the acidic NH function, a sequence of three methanol molecules catenated by hydrogen bonds curves around the bulky phenyl group and links with its terminal MeOH through one O-H ··· O(crown) and two C-Η ··· O(crown) bonds to the second set of alternate oxygen atoms in the adjacent symmetry-equivalent crown (OH ··· O 193 pm, CH ··· O 248 and 250 pm). Within the chain sequence N-H ··· O′(Me)H′ ··· O″(Me)H″ ··· O‴(Me)H, the H ··· O distances are H ··· O′ 184, H′ ··· O″ 189 and H″··· O‴ 183 pm. In the structures of 2a, 2b and 3, the crown rings adopt the frequently observed D3d pseudosymmetry.
ab-initio-Rechnungen, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von closo-[B6H5F]2– / ab initio Calculations, Vibrational Spectra, and Normal Coordinate Analysis of closo-[B6H5F]2–
Authors: Steuer B. , Thomsen H. , Preetz W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The structural parameters of closo-[B6H5F]2- with C4v symmetry have been determined by MP2/6-31G* optimization. They reveal typical B-F and B-B bond lenghts of 143.4 and 172.5 -173.9 pm, respectively. A frequency analysis at the same theoretical level has been performed. The vibrational spectra of [B6H5F]2- labelled with 10B, 11B and D have been additionally assigned by normal coordinate analysis based on a modified valence force field using the ab initio structure parameters. With a set of 10 force constants (e.g. fd(BB)=1.92, fd(BF)=5.25 mdyn/Å) a good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies can be achieved. The results correspond with the scaled (Fscale=0.97) ab initio frequencies and assignments.
Silaheterocyclen, XXXIII [1, 2]: Cycloadditions-Reaktionen des 1.1-Dichlor-2-neopentyIsilaethens mit Pentafulvenen / Silaheterocycles, XXXIII [1, 2]: C y clo ad d itio n Reactions of 1.1-Dichloro-2 -neopentylsilene with Pentafulvenes
Authors: Auner Norbert , Heikenwälder Claus-Rüdiger 
Published: August 2018

The reaction between in situ formed 1.1-dichloro-2-neopentyl-1-silene, Cl2Si=CHCH2tBu (2), and 1,1-dimethylpentafulvene (5) leads to the formation of exo/endo-isomeric [4+2] cycloadducts 9 and [2+2] stereoisomers 10 in good yields. NMR spectroscopic investigations of the product mixture prove the different modes of the silene cycloaddition reactions ([4+2] vs [2+2] addition).
Treatment of 9 and 10 with LiAlH4 and LiMe yield the stereo- and regioisomeric derivatives (LiAlH4: 16, 17: MeLi: 18. 19). whereas PhMgBr reacts with 10 to give only the mono substitution, the [4+2] compound 20. and the diphenylated silacyclobutane 21. The reactions of silene 2 with pentafulvenes 6-8 lead to similar results.
Zur Reaktion von Derivaten des 1,3-Dimethyl-2-iminoimidazolins mit CS2 [1] / On the Reaction of 1,3-Dimethyl-2-iminoimidazoline Derivatives with CS2 [1]
Authors: Kuhn Norbert , Fawzi Riad , Steimann Manfred , Wiethoff Jörg 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
1,3-Dimethyl-2-iminoimidazoline (4, ImNH) reacts with CS2 to give the imidazolium salt [ImNH2][(ImNCS2)2H] (7) in which two dithioformimide fragments are linked by a hydrogen bridge. From the trimethylsilyl derivative ImNSiMe3 (11) and CS2 the adduct ImNSiMe3 • CS2 (12) is obtained which reacts with oxygen to give the disulfide (ImNCS2) (14). The X-ray structures of 7 and 14 were determined.