bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duties to Self, Consent, and Respect in Kant’s Moral Philosophy
Authors: Davies Luke J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In Kantian ethics, do we wrong someone when our use of them requires that they violate a duty to self, even when they have consented to that use? In this paper, I answer this question in the negative. Consent that constitutes a violation of a duty to self is impermissible yet normatively transformative. But it also matters how consent was obtained. For example, it matters whether consent is solicited or unsolicited, whether our action amounts to complicity with the violation, and how the act of consent is shaped by the broader contours of the relationship the parties stand in to each other. In Kantian terms, we might fail in our duties of respect to others even when our interactions with them are consensual. So many, but not all, consensual interactions in which one person violates a duty to self are also instances in which they are interpersonally wronged.
(Re)Inventing Feminism within the Discourse of Class Struggle: Women and Intellectual History in the Trade Union Movement of Late Colonial Bengal (1920–1947)
Authors: Sen Manaswini 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper envisages (re)constructing the intellectual praxis of women trade unionists in late colonial Bengal. By arguing how political practice habitually translates to political thought, the paper devises a methodology to address the gendered discourse of intellectual history in the Global South. It focuses on intellectual output, primarily journal articles of women trade unionists like Santoshi Kumari Gupta, Maitreyee Bose, and Kanak Mukherjee, to trace a genealogy of how class struggle was perceived by women labour activists across the ideological spectrum of nationalism, socialism, and communism between 1920 to 1947 in Bengal. The piece is an effort to transcend the manifold marginalisations that plague the establishment of feminine political praxis within the regulating structures of colonialism and capitalism. In the process, it bids to unfold an alternative narrative of the anti-colonial, anti-capitalist, and anti-patriarchal narrative of the decolonisation of South Asian intellectual thought.
Phantom Pains: The Image of Bulgarian Transition in Elena Aleksieva’s Dramas
Authors: Pytlak Magdalena 
Published: November 2024

Phantom Pains: The Image of Bulgarian Transition in Elena Aleksieva’s Dramas
The article analyzes Elena Aleksieva’s dramas in the books Ангелски огън [Angel fire, 2014] and Жертви на любовта [Victims of love, 2015] in the context of the social changes in Bulgaria after 1989. Although this Bulgarian author does not write about the transition itself, the picture of the time created by her plays is very clear and representative. In the article, I focus on elements that serve to create this picture, such as freedom, women and their role in the new society, social stratification and art (particularly theatre).

Bóle fantomowe. Obraz bułgarskiej tranzycji w dramatach Eleny Aleksijewej
Artykuł zawiera analizę dramatów Eleny Aleksijewej opublikowanych w zbiorach Ангелски огън [Anielski ogień, 2014] oraz Жертви на любовта [Ofiary miłości, 2015] w świetle zmian ustrojowych w Bułgarii po 1989 roku. Mimo że autorka nie pisze o tranzycji wprost, to obraz tego okresu, jaki wyłania się z jej tekstów dramatycznych, jest klarowny i reprezentatywny. W artykule omawiam wybrane elementy składające się na ów obraz, spośród których najważniejsze to: wolność, miejsce kobiet w nowym społeczeństwie, rozwarstwienie społeczne oraz sztuka (teatr w szczególności).
Evaluation of a laboratory reflex testing protocol to detect hypopituitarism in primary care presenting as hypothyroxinaemia
Authors: Flannery Colleen , Rakovac Ana , Boran Gerard 
Published: November 2024

Background Thyroid function tests (TFTs) are routinely requested by general practitioners (GPs) in the clinical biochemistry laboratory. Hypothyroxinaemia (low fT4) accompanied by TSH within the reference interval (RI) is a discordant pattern which is seen commonly in non-thyroidal illness and also as result of medications. Hypopituitarism is a lot rarer, but a serious condition the laboratory does not want to miss. Methods All thyroid hormone samples from primary care meeting the discordant case definition under investigation [fT4<10 pmol/L and TSH within RI (0.3–4.2 mU/L)] had partial anterior pituitary profiles [PAPP (cortisol, oestradiol/testosterone, prolactin, gonadotrophins)] added as reflex tests and results interpreted by a chemical pathologist. From January to June 2023, we conducted structured interviews with the requesting GPs, and, where indicated, requested repeat samples for full anterior pituitary profile [FAPP (PAPP, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)]. We also reviewed the laboratory records of patients with previously known hypopituitarism to determine their fT4 and TSH values at diagnosis. Results Over the 6 months 41,487 GP TFTs were requested; 54 (0.13%) fitted the discordant case definition and had PAPP reflexed. 13 FAPPs were requested. We identified 3 cases of hypopituitarism. The number of additional tests required to diagnose 1 case of hypopituitarism was 129. In 74% of reflex-tested cases, there was a plausible explanation for the TFT pattern (medications, known thyroid dysfunction, non-thyroidal illness, pregnancy). Conclusion This study highlights the importance of medical liaison and early intervention in a biochemistry laboratory in identifying cases of unsuspected hypopituitarism.
Remembering the Dead: Shifting Forms of Commemoration and Immanent Understandings of Death in Obituaries
Authors: Miller Chris , McKillop Hannah , Ganguly Sohini 
Published: November 2024

Obituaries serve important social functions; they announce death, but more importantly, allow the living to shape how the dead are remembered. Originally reserved for the elite, a democratization of the format has led to obituaries becoming more common and more detailed over the past century. Changes in this genre interact with the rise of nonreligion. As declining affiliation complicates the relationship between death and religious structures, obituaries reveal a shift from transcendent to immanent life stances, reflected in patterns of death commemorations. Based on analysis of obituaries across six Canadian newspapers over the past 120 years, this paper explores the relationships, activities, and values people express through obituaries. We argue that the growing appearance of family members left behind, favourite hobbies, and community associations indicate changes in how death is understood. Death is increasingly commemorated by reflecting on the relationships that people form in life.
The Frequency and Characteristics of Brokered Illegal Drug Sales: Reconceptualizing Illegal Drug Markets and Measuring Local Demand
Authors: Hoffer Lee , Schlosser Allison V. , Hadley Emily , Bobashev Georgiy 
Published: November 2024

Background Drug policies and interventions require an ongoing understanding of the local demand for illegal drugs. How illegal drugs are distributed to consumers is critical in the demand process. To overcome barriers to purchasing illegal drugs, people utilize their peers to purchase substances for them. These brokered drug sales allow buyers to leverage their peer networks to make purchases. For brokers, this form of exchange allows them to obtain drugs for free. This drug acquisition strategy is underappreciated in understanding how local drug market's function. Methods This paper presents findings from a brief survey on brokering collected from a random sample (N = 241) of active illegal drug injectors recruited from two syringe services programs in Ohio, USA. Results Findings indicate that 30-day and lifetime brokering behavior is common (71% and 90% respectively). Respondents who brokered in the last 30 days (n = 181) purchased drugs for an average of 7 people and from an average of 4 different sellers. Among this group, over 84% indicated that they used drugs with the person they brokered for, 49% reported often or always inflating the price to the buyer, and 27% indicated they removed some drug before returning to the buyer. Conclusion Measuring brokering offers new insight on the dynamics of drug markets, how they operate, and ways to measure their activity. The demand for illegal drugs incorporates the increased use of a drug, changes in the use of different drugs, and/or a novel drug being used. Accessing drugs via brokering accommodates these dynamics. By including brokering in drug market activity, the concept and scope of illegal drug markets transform into networks and not places.
Meta-analysis on QEEG Changes to Antidepressant Treatment Among Patients with Depression
Authors: Srivastava Anamika , Sanyal Soumyajit , Jaiswal Seema , Srivastava Shrikant 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Diagnostic and treatment accuracy of depression can lead to a better and possibly earlier response and remission in patients. The literature, though scanty, seems to suggest that quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) can predict the outcome of antidepressant effects. Methodology: Articles published between January 1990 and July 2019, including those dealing with QEEG recordings before and after the initiation of antidepressant medication, were included. The pooled effect size and subgroup analysis of waveforms were calculated to predict response to antidepressants. Result: In all, 572 results were retrieved from the searches, of which 20 studies were included. Pooled data using a random-effects model (REM) calculated an effect size of 0.80 (95% CI [0.64–0.97]). Heterogeneity of the sample was low with Tau² = 0.02; df = 18 ( P = .30); I² = 12%. Moreover, subgroup analysis showed that theta band frequencies were better at predicting response than alpha band frequencies (the standard mean difference [SMD] for theta was 0.91 compared to 0.68 for alpha waves). Conclusions: QEEG is a valuable predictor of the antidepressant response. Among the EEG frequencies, the theta band showed the most significant change with treatment.
The discussion of the relationship between cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative thyroid function changes in pediatric congenital heart disease, and the analysis of oral thyroid hormone therapy and cardiac prognosis
Authors: Zhao Liang , Song Fengjie , Mu Minghua , Mu Chunjie , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ren Haobo , Xie Jiahui , Ma Runwei 
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aims to investigate the relationship between CPB factors and changes in TH levels in postoperative patients and the effect of oral levothyroxine sodium tablets on outcomes in patients with postoperative TF abnormalities. Methods Select patients who underwent CHD surgery between September 2017 and September 2023 and were aged 13 years or younger. The relationship between CPB and postoperative TF changes and the influencing factors were analyzed. In addition, patients with different diseases and ages were divided into the medication group and the non-medication group. The primary outcome was postoperative ejection fraction (EF), and the secondary outcomes were PICU hospitalization days and total hospital cost. Results Seven hundred 53 patients were included. The longer the CPB time and ACC time, the lower the postoperative triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) levels ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). The longer the CPB time, the more pronounced the postoperative T3 level abnormality ( p < 0.001). The longer the CPB time, ACC time, and DHCA time, the more pronounced the postoperative T4 level abnormalities ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 and p = 0.046). The postoperative EF of patients in the medication group was slightly higher than that of the non-medication group, and the EF before discharge was significantly higher than that of the non-medication group ( p = 0.021, p = 0.015, and p = 0.024). Postoperative PICU days in the medication group [3.0 (2.0,7.0) versus4.0 (2.0,10.0), p = 0.020] were shorter than the non-medication group, and the proportion of ≤ 5 days was more [154 (66.1%) versus304 (58.5%), p = 0.047]. The total hospitalization cost was slightly lower in the medication group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion The duration of CPB, ACC, and DHCA in the open surgery process for CHD affects patients’ thyroid function in the postoperative period. In our study, we found that oral levothyroxine sodium tablets are beneficial to the children’s postoperative recovery.
One-Step Cartilage Repair of Full-Thickness Knee Chondral Lesions Using a Hyaluronic Acid–Based Scaffold Embedded With Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate: Long-term Outcomes After Mean Follow-up Duration of 14 Years
Authors: Whyte Graeme P. , Bizzoco Leandra , Gobbi Alberto 
Published: November 2024

Background: One-step cell-based techniques of cartilage repair that lead to restoration of durable chondral tissue and long-term maintenance of joint function are cost-effective and ideal for routine use. Purposes: To examine the long-term clinical outcomes, after a mean follow-up duration of 14 years, of cartilage repair in the knee using a hyaluronic acid–based scaffold in association with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (HA-BMAC) and to evaluate the effect of age, lesion characteristics, and associated treatments on the outcome of this cartilage repair method. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients were followed prospectively for a mean duration of 14.0 years after undergoing treatment of knee full-thickness articular cartilage injury using HA-BMAC. Clinical evaluation consisted of the patient-reported scoring tools of the visual analog scale and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, which were completed preoperatively and at the time of final follow-up. Results: A total of 26 patients with a mean age of 48.3 years (17 male, 9 female) and median chondral lesion size of 6.6 cm2 (range, 1-27 cm2) were followed prospectively. There were 3 treatment failures, and 1 patient who underwent medial compartment unicompartmental arthroplasty 12 years after HA-BMAC treatment of patellar chondral injury. Of the 22 remaining patients, after a mean final follow-up duration of 14.0 years (range, 12-16 years), the median visual analog scale score of 0.6 was significantly decreased from the preoperative median score of 5.0 ( P < .001). The median Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Pain (92), Symptoms (86), Activities of Daily Living (96), Sports (85), and Quality of Life (88) subscale values were all increased compared with the preoperative scores ( P≤ .001). There was no correlation of clinical outcome score and body mass index. Conclusion: One-step cartilage repair of full-thickness chondral defects in the knee using an HA-BMAC led to successful long-term clinical outcomes and maintenance of joint junction after a mean follow-up duration of 14 years. Long-term clinical success in active, nonobese patients has been uniformly demonstrated across a wide range of patient ages and lesion types, including cases of multicompartment involvement, treatment of associated conditions, and large or bipolar chondral lesions.
Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis and Protein Prediction Reveal the Taxonomy and Diverse Distribution of Virulence Factors in Foodborne Clostridium Strains
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yin Zhenzhen 
Published: November 2024

Background: Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens, 2 major foodborne pathogenic fusobacteria, have a variety of virulent protein types with nervous and enterotoxic pathogenic potential, respectively. Objective: The relationship between the molecular evolution of the 2 Clostridium genomes and virulence proteins was studied via a bioinformatics prediction method. The genetic stability, main features of gene coding and structural characteristics of virulence proteins were compared and analyzed to reveal the phylogenetic characteristics, diversity, and distribution of virulence factors of foodborne Clostridium strains. Methods: The phylogenetic analysis was performed via composition vector and average nucleotide identity based methods. Evolutionary distances of virulence genes relative to those of housekeeping genes were calculated via multilocus sequence analysis. Bioinformatics software and tools were used to predict and compare the main functional features of genes encoding virulence proteins, and the structures of virulence proteins were predicted and analyzed through homology modeling and a deep learning algorithm. Results: According to the diversity of toxins, genome evolution tended to cluster based on the protein-coding virulence genes. The evolutionary transfer distances of virulence genes relative to those of housekeeping genes in C. botulinum strains were greater than those in C. perfringens strains, and BoNTs and alpha toxin proteins were located extracellularly. The BoNTs have highly similar structures, but BoNT/A/B and BoNT/E/F have significantly different conformations. The beta2 toxin monomer structure is similar to but simpler than the alpha toxin monomer structure, which has 2 mobile loops in the N-terminal domain. The C-terminal domain of the CPE trimer forms a “claudin-binding pocket” shape, which suggests biological relevance, such as in pore formation. Conclusions: According to the genotype of protein-coding virulence genes, the evolution of Clostridium showed a clustering trend. The genetic stability, functional and structural characteristics of foodborne Clostridium virulence proteins reveal the taxonomy and diverse distribution of virulence factors.
Serum neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels are not associated with wearing-off symptoms in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Toorop Alyssa A , Wessels Mark HJ , Boonkamp Lynn , Gelissen Liza MY , Hoitsma E , Zeinstra Esther MPE , van Rooij Luuk C , van Munster Caspar EP , Vennegoor Anke , Mostert Jop P , Wokke Beatrijs HA , Kalkers Nynke F , Hoogervorst Erwin LJ , van Eijk Jeroen JJ , Roosendaal Christiaan M , Kragt Jolijn J , Eurelings Marijke , van Genugten Jessie , Nielsen Jessica , Sinnige LGF , Kloosterziel Mark E , Arnoldus Edo PJ , van Dijk Gert W , Bouvy Willem H , Strijbis Eva MM , van Oosten Bob W , de Jong Brigit A , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ , Rispens Theo , Killestein Joep , van Kempen Zoé LE , Teunissen Charlotte E 
Published: November 2024

Background: Biomarkers of neuronal and axonal damage (serum neurofilament light (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP)) may provide insight into the aetiology of natalizumab wearing-off symptoms (WoSs). Objectives: We investigated the longitudinal association between and predictive value of sNfL and sGFAP and the occurrence of WoS in MS patients treated with natalizumab. Methods: We performed longitudinal measurements of sNfL and sGFAP in NEXT-MS trial participants who completed a questionnaire about WoS. Results: A total of 364 participants were included. In total, 55.5% presented with WoS and 44.5% without WoS during natalizumab treatment. Longitudinal analyses showed no association between sNfL and sGFAP levels and WoS at any timepoint. Biomarker levels at baseline did not predict first-time WoS occurrence. Conclusion: Acute and chronic neuronal and axonal damage are most likely not the underlying cause of WoS.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of escalating to triple therapy versus switching to dual bronchodilators after discontinuing LABA/ICS in patients with COPD: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Li-Wei , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Lin Tzu-Han , Liou Ying-Jay , Tsai Chen-Liang , Yang Kuang-Yao , Wang Meng-Ting 
Published: November 2024

Background: The latest guidelines discourage the use of long-acting beta2-agonists/inhaled corticosteroids (LABA/ICS) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the optimal subsequent treatment after discontinuing LABA/ICS. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness and safety of switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy (LABA/long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA)/ICS) or to dual bronchodilators (LABA/LAMA) in COPD patients. Design: This was a new-user, active-comparator, and propensity score-matched cohort study analyzing the Taiwanese nationwide healthcare insurance claims. Methods: We recruited COPD patients switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy or to dual bronchodilators from 2015 to 2019. The primary effectiveness outcome was the annual rate of exacerbations, and safety outcomes included severe pneumonia and all-cause mortality. Stratification by prior exacerbations was conducted. Results: After matching, each group comprised 1892 patients, 55% of whom experienced no exacerbations in the prior year. Treatment with LABA/LAMA/ICS versus LABA/LAMA showed comparable annual rate of moderate-to-severe exacerbations (incidence rate ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91–1.19). However, switching to LABA/LAMA/ICS was associated with increased risks of severe pneumonia (hazard ratio (HR), 1.65; 95% CI, 1.30–2.09) and all-cause death (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.09–1.78). In patients with⩾2 prior exacerbations, LABA/LAMA/ICS versus LABA/LAMA was related to a 21% reduced rate of exacerbations but with a twofold increased pneumonia risk and a 49% elevated risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusion: Switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy versus dual bronchodilators in COPD patients was associated with similar rates of annual exacerbations but was related to elevated risks of severe pneumonia and all-cause mortality. Among frequent exacerbators, triple therapy was associated with lower rates of exacerbation but was accompanied by increased risks of pneumonia and mortality compared to LABA/LAMA. Careful consideration of the examined safety events is necessary when switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy in COPD management.