bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Canalith Jam and Apogeotropic Horizontal Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Considerations on a Particular Case Mimicking an Acute Vestibular Deficit
Authors: Comacchio Francesco , Poletto Elisabetta , Mion Marta 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
Canalith jam refers to a condition caused by an otolithic clump blocked inside a semicircular canal, generally provoked by canalith repositioning procedure. We describe the first case of spontaneous canalith jam mimicking an acute vestibular deficit.

Patient:
We report the case of an 82-year-old woman who suffered a sudden episode of persistent rotational vertigo with nausea and vomiting, not provoked by head movements.

Interventions:
Videonystagmography revealed a horizontal right-beating spontaneous nystagmus, inhibited by visual fixation. Surprisingly, the positional test showed a direction changing apogeotropic horizontal nystagmus weaker in the left side, compatible with a left side horizontal canal canalolithiasis of the apogetropic type. Returning to the sitting position, a spontaneous nystagmus was observed again, not tilt sensitive. A left side caloric paresis was found.

Results:
After performing liberatory maneuvers, the spontaneous nystagmus disappeared and a horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of geotropic type was documented. The canal paresis also disappeared.

Conclusions:
Canalith jam is rarely described and is overall observed as a repositioning manoeuvre complication, not as a mimicker of a vestibular neuritis. Furthermore, our case represents the first observation of a recurrent canalith jam and apogeotropic variant of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Metronidazole-Resistant Trichomoniasis: Beneficial Pharmacodynamic Relationship With High-Dose Oral Tinidazole and Vaginal Paromomycin Combination Therapy
Authors: Henien Mira , Nyirjesy Paul , Smith Katharine 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis is an uncommon condition that presents significant therapeutic challenges. Combination therapy with high-dose oral tinidazole and vaginal paromomycin cream has been uniformly successful. We present a case report of a patient who responded to combination therapy with high-dose oral tinidazole and intravaginal paromomycin.
Pediatric Transport Practices Among Prehospital Providers
Authors: Fidacaro G. Anthony , Jones Christopher W. , Drago Lisa A. 
Published: August 2018

Objective
There are nearly 1000 annual ambulance crashes within the United States involving pediatric patients. In 2012 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration/US Department of Transportation released Best-Practice Recommendations for the Safe Transportation of Children in Emergency Ground Ambulances. The aim of our study was to measure emergency medical services (EMS) providers' knowledge and opinions of how to safely transport pediatric patients. In addition, we aimed to gather information on barriers to safe pediatric transport.

Methods
Members of 1 urban and 2 suburban EMS agencies completed an anonymous survey that assessed level of training, years of experience, exposure to pediatric patients, knowledge of best practices, and opinions about barriers to safe transport of pediatric patients.

Results
A total of 114 EMS providers answered the survey. Sixty-three percent were basic life support providers who had more than 10 years of experience in EMS. Ninety-six percent reported that they transported 0 to 5 pediatric patients per week. Twenty percent reported being trained on pediatric safe transport practices. Thirty-two percent of providers reported that personnel did not drive faster when transporting a sick pediatric patient. Eighty-six percent reported that it was unsafe to transport a child on a parent's lap, but 27% reported that it was appropriate to transport a newborn on the stretcher with mom. Thirty-eight percent were comfortable identifying proper restraint system/seat for pediatric patients, and only 35% were comfortable installing/using these devices. Provider-reported barriers to safe transport were identified.

Discussion
Our survey demonstrates that despite published best practices for the safe transport of children, many providers are unfamiliar with the safest way to transport these patients. In addition, we identified several existing barriers that may contribute to unsafe practices.
Interruptions to Intensive Care Nurses and Clinical Errors and Procedural Failures: A Controlled Study of Causal Connection
Authors: Santomauro Chiara , Powell Madeleine , Davis Chelsea , Liu David , Aitken Leanne M. , Sanderson Penelope 
Published: August 2018

Objectives
Interruptions occur frequently in the intensive care unit (ICU) and are associated with errors. To date, no causal connection has been established between interruptions and errors in healthcare. It is important to know whether interruptions directly cause errors before implementing interventions designed to reduce interruptions in ICUs. The aim of the study was to investigate whether ICU nurses who receive a higher number of workplace interruptions commit more clinical errors and procedural failures than those who receive a lower number of interruptions.

Methods
We conducted a prospective controlled trial in a high-fidelity ICU simulator. A volunteer sample of ICU nurses from a single unit prepared and administered intravenous medications for a patient manikin. Nurses received either 3 (n = 35) or 12 (n = 35) scenario-relevant interruptions and were allocated to either condition in an alternating fashion. Primary outcomes were the number of clinical errors and procedural failures committed by each nurse.

Results
The rate ratio of clinical errors committed by nurses who received 12 interruptions compared with nurses who received 3 interruptions was 2.0 (95% confidence interval = 1.41–2.83, P < 0.001). The rate ratio of procedural failures committed by nurses who received 12 interruptions compared with nurses who were interrupted 3 times was 1.2 (95% confidence interval = 1.05–1.37, P = 0.006).

Conclusions
More workplace interruptions during medication preparation and administration lead to more clinical errors and procedural failures. Reducing the frequency of interruptions may reduce the number of errors committed; however, this should be balanced against important information that interruptions communicate.
The Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Monitoring Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer Both at Initial Diagnosis and at Recurrent Disease
Authors: Rubello Domenico , Marzola Maria Cristina , Colletti Patrick M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Published experiences related to the prognostic relevance of negative or positive FDG PET/CT in patients treated for ovarian cancer for progression-free survival and overall survival are typically heterogeneous retrospective analyses. Several points have been well defined, these are as follows: (a) there is a correlation between FDG tumor uptake and prognosis; (b) ovarian cancer patients treated by neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy can be divided into responders with reduction in tumor FDG uptake during and after treatment and nonresponders where tumor FDG uptake remains stable or increases after treatment; (c) in FDG nonresponder patients, a second-line chemotherapy regiment is generally applied; and (d) nonresponder patients are characterized by a worst progression-free survival and overall survival than responders.
99mTc-MDP Bone Scan and 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of Multiple Extraskeletal Osteosarcomas
Authors: Sun Zhen-Kui , Shen Chen-Tian , Qiu Zhong-Ling , Luo Quan-Yong 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are uncommon entities in clinical practice, which account for 1% to 2% of all soft tissue sarcomas. We here reported a case of multiple extraskeletal osteosarcomas and nuclear medicine imaging findings of this disease in 99mTc-MDP bone scan as well as 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Spatial attention follows category-based attention during naturalistic visual search: evidence from MEG decoding
Authors: Battistoni Elisa , Kaiser Daniel , Hickey Clayton , Peelen Marius V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn daily life, attention is often directed to high-level object attributes, such as when we look out for cars before crossing a road. Previous work used MEG decoding to investigate the influence of such category-based attention on the time course of object category representations. Attended object categories were more strongly represented than unattended categories from 180 ms after scene onset. In the present study, we used a similar approach to determine when, relative to this category-level modulation, attention is spatially focused on the target. Participants completed two tasks. In the first, they detected cars and people at varying locations in photographs of real-world scenes. In the second, they detected a cross that appeared at salient locations in an array of lines. Multivariate classifiers were trained on data of the artificial salience experiment and tested on data of the naturalistic visual search experiment. Results showed that the location of both target and distracter objects could be accurately decoded shortly after scene onset (50 ms). However, the emergence of spatial attentional selection - reflected in better decoding of target location than distracter location - emerged only later in time (240 ms). Target presence itself (irrespective of location and category) could be decoded from 180 ms after stimulus onset. Combined with earlier work, these results indicate that naturalistic category search operates through an initial spatially-global modulation of category processing that then guides attention to the location of the target.
A Drosophila Model for Behavioral Sleep Modification
Authors: Belfer Samuel J. , Bashaw Alexander G. , Perlis Michael L. , Kayser Matthew S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInsomnia is the most common sleep disorder among adults, especially affecting individuals of advanced age or with neurodegenerative disease. Insomnia is also a common comorbidity across psychiatric disorders. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is the first-line treatment for insomnia; a key component of this intervention is restriction of sleep opportunity, which optimizes matching of sleep ability and opportunity, leading to enhanced sleep drive. Despite the well-documented efficacy of CBT-I, little is known regarding how CBT-I works at a cellular and molecular level to improve sleep, due in large part to an absence of experimentally-tractable animals models of this intervention. Here, guided by human behavioral sleep therapies, we developed a Drosophila model for behavioral modification of sleep. We demonstrate that restriction of sleep opportunity through manipulation of environmental cues improves sleep efficiency and quality in multiple short-sleeping Drosophila mutants. The response to sleep opportunity restriction requires ongoing environmental inputs, but is independent of the molecular circadian clock. We apply this sleep opportunity restriction paradigm to aging and Alzheimer’s disease fly models, and find that sleep impairments in these models are reversible with sleep restriction, with associated improvement in reproductive fitness and extended lifespan. This work establishes a model to investigate the neurobiological basis of CBT-I, and provides a platform that can be exploited towards novel treatment targets for insomnia.
Quantifying the risk of hemiplasy in phylogenetic inference
Authors: Guerrero Rafael F. , Hahn Matthew W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConvergent evolution is often inferred when a trait is incongruent with the species tree. However, trait incongruence can also arise from changes that occur on discordant gene trees, a process referred to as hemiplasy. Hemiplasy is rarely taken into account in studies of convergent evolution, despite the fact that phylogenomic studies have revealed rampant discordance. Here, we study the relative probabilities of homoplasy (including convergence and reversal) and hemiplasy for an incongruent trait. We derive expressions for the probabilities of the two events, showing that they depend on many of the same parameters. We find that hemiplasy is as likely— or more likely—than homoplasy for a wide range of conditions, even when levels of discordance are low. We also present a new method to calculate the ratio of these two probabilities (the “hemiplasy risk factor”) along the branches of a phylogeny of arbitrary length. Such calculations can be applied to any tree in order to identify when and where incongruent traits may be more likely to be due to hemiplasy than homoplasy.
Modeling Spatial Correlation of Transcripts With Application to Developing Pancreas
Authors: Liu Ruishan , Mignardi Marco , Jones Robert , Enge Martin , Kim Seung K , Quake Stephen R , Zou James 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently high-throughput image-based transcriptomic methods were developed and enabled researchers to spatially resolve gene expression variation at the molecular level for the first time. In this work, we develop a general analysis tool to quantitatively study the spatial correlations of gene expression in fixed tissue sections. As an illustration, we analyze the spatial distribution of single mRNA molecules measured by in situ sequencing on human fetal pancreas at three developmental time points 80, 87 and 117 days post-fertilization. We develop a density profile-based method to capture the spatial relationship between gene expression and other morphological features of the tissue sample such as position of nuclei and endocrine cells of the pancreas. In addition, we build a statistical model to characterize correlations in the spatial distribution of the expression level among different genes. This model enables us to infer the inhibitory and clustering effects throughout different time points. Our analysis framework is applicable to a wide variety of spatially-resolved transcriptomic data to derive biological insights.
A single-cell level and connectome-derived computational model of the Drosophila brain
Authors: Huang Yu-Chi , Wang Cheng-Te , Su Ta-Shun , Kao Kuo-Wei , Lin Yen-Jen , Chiang Ann-Shyn , Lo Chung-Chuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractComputer simulations play an important role in testing hypotheses, integrating knowledge, and providing predictions of neural circuit functions. While considerable effort has been dedicated into simulating primate or rodent brains, the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is becoming a promising model animal in computational neuroscience for its small brain size, complex cognitive behavior, and abundancy of data available from genes to circuits. Moreover, several Drosophila connectome projects have generated a large number of neuronal images that account for a significant portion of the brain, making a systematic investigation of the whole brain circuit possible. Supported by FlyCircuit (http://www.flycircuit.tw), one of the largest Drosophila neuron image databases, we began a long-term project with the goal to construct a whole-brain spiking network model of the Drosophila brain. In this paper, we report the outcome of the first phase of the project. We developed the Flysim platform, which 1) identifies the polarity of each neuron arbor, 2) predicts connections between neurons, 3) translates morphology data from the database into physiology parameters for computational modeling, 4) reconstructs a brain-wide network model, which consists of 20,089 neurons and 1,044,020 synapses, and 5) performs computer simulations of the resting state. We compared the reconstructed brain network with a randomized brain network by shuffling the connections of each neuron. We found that the reconstructed brain can be easily stabilized by implementing synaptic short-term depression, while the randomized one exhibited seizure-like firing activity under the same treatment. Furthermore, the reconstructed Drosophila brain was structurally and dynamically more diverse than the randomized one and exhibited both Poisson-like and patterned firing activities. Despite being at its early stage of development, this single-cell level brain model allows us to study some of the fundamental properties of neural networks including network balance, critical behavior, long-term stability, and plasticity.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alter the microbiota and exacerbate Clostridium difficile colitis while dysregulating the inflammatory response
Authors: Maseda Damian , Zackular Joseph P. , Trindade Bruno , Kirk Leslie , Crofford Leslie J. , Schloss Patrick D. , Roxas Jennifer Lising , Viswanathan V.K. , Vedantam Gayatri , Rogers Lisa M. , Washington Mary K. , Skaar Eric P. , Aronoff David M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major public health threat worldwide. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with enhanced susceptibility to and severity of nosocomial CDI; however, the mechanisms driving this phenomenon have not been elucidated. NSAIDs alter prostaglandin (PG) metabolism by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Here, we found that treatment with the NSAID indomethacin prior to infection altered the microbiota and dramatically increased mortality and intestinal pathology associated with CDI in mice. We demonstrate that in C. difficile-infected animals, indomethacin lead to PG deregulation, an altered proinflammatory transcriptional and protein profile, and perturbed epithelial cell junctions. These effects were paralleled by an increased recruitment of intestinal neutrophils and CD4+ cells. Together, these data implicate NSAIDs in perturbation of the gut microbiota and disruption of protective COX-mediated PG production during CDI, resulting in altered epithelial integrity and associated immune responses.
Role of the H subunit C-terminal domain in the assembly of the vacuolar H+-ATPase
Authors: Sharma Stuti , Oot Rebecca A. , Wilkens Stephan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is regulated by reversible disassembly into autoinhibited V1-ATPase and Voproton channel sectors, a process that is poorly understood on the molecular level. V-ATPase is a rotary motor and recent structural analysis revealed that disassembled V1and Voare in different rotary states, a mismatch that is likely responsible for the inability to reconstitute holo V-ATPase from its functional sectorsin vitro. Here, using the model organismS. cerevisiae, we show that a key impediment for binding of autoinhibited V1to Vois the conformation of the inhibitory C-terminus of subunit H (HCT). Using biolayer interferometry and biochemical analysis, we show that selective disruption of HCT’s binding site on V1allowsin vitroassembly of a structurally and functionally coupled V-ATPase complex. The resultant mutant V-ATPase, however, does not disassemble as readily as the wild type enzyme, highlighting the importance of HCT’s conformation in the mechanism of reversible disassembly. These findings pave the way for identifying molecules that allow for therapeutic modulation of aberrant V-ATPase activity in the disease state.
A previously missed population of antigen-specific CD8 T cells divides in the blood after vaccination
Authors: Simonetti Sonia , Natalini Ambra , Folgori Antonella , Capone Stefania , Nicosia Alfredo , Santoni Angela , Di Rosa Francesca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough clonal expansion is a hallmark of adaptive immunity, the location(s) where antigen-responding T cells enter cell cycle and complete it have been poorly explored. This lack of knowledge stems partially from the limited experimental approaches available. By using Ki67 plus DNA staining and a novel data analysis technique, we distinguished antigen-specific CD8 T cells in G0, in G1, and in S-G2-M phases after intramuscular vaccination of BALB/c mice with antigen-expressing viral vectors. We discovered an entire population of cycling cells that are usually missed. This “extra” population was present early after vaccination in lymph nodes, spleen and, surprisingly, also in the blood, which is not expected to be a site for mitosis of normal non-leukemic cells. These results have implications for previous and future immunological studies in animal models, and potentially in humans. They might also inspire hematologists to seek for other missed populations of dividing cells in blood.
A Chemical Toolbox for the Study of Bromodomains and Epigenetic Signaling
Authors: Wu Qin , Heidenreich David , Zhou Stanley , Ackloo Suzanne , Deblois Genevieve , Duan Shili , Nakka Kiran , Dilworth Jeffrey , Lupien Mathieu , Brennan Paul E. , Arrowsmith Cheryl H. , Müller Susanne , Fedorov Oleg , Filippakopoulos Panagis , Knapp Stefan 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBromodomains (BRDs) are evolutionary conserved epigenetic protein interaction modules which recognize (“read”) acetyl-lysine, however their role(s) in regulating cellular states and their potential as targets for the development of targeted treatment strategies is poorly understood. Here we present a set of 25 chemical probes, selective tool small molecule inhibitors, covering 29 human bromodomain targets. We comprehensively evaluate the selectivity of this probe-set using BROMOscan®and demonstrate the utility of the set using studies of muscle cell differentiation and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We identified cross talk between histone acetylation and the glycolytic pathway resulting in a vulnerability of TNBC cell lines to inhibition of BRPF2/3 BRDs under conditions of glucose deprivation or GLUT1 inhibition. This chemical probe set will serve as a resource for future applications in the discovery of new physiological roles of bromodomain proteins in normal and disease states, and as a toolset for bromodomain target validation.
Risk paths in BIM adoption: empirical study of China
Authors: Zhao Xianbo , Wu Peng , Wang Xiangyu 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to model the paths of risks associated with building information modeling (BIM) adoption in the Chinese architecture, engineering and construction industry.Design/methodology/approachA total of 16 risks were identified from the literature review and grouped into nine categories. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey with 95 professionals in China. The partial least square structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe results suggested the risk categorization was confirmed, and that 15 hypothetical risk paths were statistically significant, which formed 13 chains of risk paths. “Inadequate relevant knowledge and expertise” was the primary root risk category of all the 13 chains of risk paths. Additionally, “technological issues,” “poor information sharing and collaboration,” and “liability for data input” had direct effect on the “cost overrun with BIM,” while all the other risks indirectly influence cost via these three risk categories.Research limitations/implicationsMost of the respondents were designers because few clients and contractors have adopted BIM. In addition, the impact and likelihood of risks were accessed by respondents’ judgment based on their experience, which is a common problem of risk management research. As this study focuses on the Chinese architecture, engineering and construction industry, there would be geographical limitation on the findings.Practical implicationsThis study provides practitioners with a clear understanding of the risks associated with BIM adoption and enables practitioners to take measures to mitigate the root risks and assure the potential benefits of BIM.Originality/valueAlthough there have been studies on the risks associated with BIM adoption, most of them lacked empirical evidence and failed to examine the interactions between risks. This study is different from these prior studies, because it focuses on the interrelationships between risks and identifies the risk paths and root risks using the empirical data. Therefore, this study expands the literature relating to both BIM and risk management. Also, this study enables practitioners to take measures to mitigate the root risks and assure the potential benefits produced by BIM, thereby contributing to the practice.