bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN EFFECTIVE NOTIONS OF RANDOMNESS AND GENERICITY
Authors: BIENVENU LAURENT , PORTER CHRISTOPHER P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study the power and limitations of computing effectively generic sequences using effectively random oracles. Previously, it was known that every 2-random sequence computes a 1-generic sequence (as shown by Kautz) and every 2-random sequence forms a minimal pair in the Turing degrees with every 2-generic sequence (as shown by Nies, Stephan, and Terwijn). We strengthen these results by showing that every Demuth random sequence computes a 1-generic sequence and that every Demuth random sequence forms a minimal pair with every pb-generic sequence (where pb-genericity is an effective notion of genericity that is strictly between 1-genericity and 2-genericity). Moreover, we prove that for every comeager${\cal G} \subseteq {2^\omega }$, there is some weakly 2-random sequenceXthat computes some$Y \in {\cal G}$, a result that allows us to provide a fairly complete classification as to how various notions of effective randomness interact in the Turing degrees with various notions of effective genericity.
The number of solutions of the Erdős-Straus Equation and sums ofkunit fractions
Authors: Elsholtz Christian , Planitzer Stefan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe prove new upper bounds for the number of representations of an arbitrary rational number as a sum of three unit fractions. In particular, for fixedmthere are at most${\cal O}_{\epsilon }(n^{{3}/{5}+\epsilon })$solutions of${m}/{n} = {1}/{a_1} + {1}/{a_2} + {1}/{a_3}$. This improves upon a result of Browning and Elsholtz (2011) and extends a result of Elsholtz and Tao (2013) who proved this whenm=4 andnis a prime. Moreover, there exists an algorithm finding all solutions in expected running time${\cal O}_{\epsilon }(n^{\epsilon }({n^3}/{m^2})^{{1}/{5}})$, for any$\epsilon \gt 0$. We also improve a bound on the maximum number of representations of a rational number as a sum ofkunit fractions. Furthermore, we also improve lower bounds. In particular, we prove that for given$m \in {\open N}$in every reduced residue classemodfthere exist infinitely many primespsuch that the number of solutions of the equation${m}/{p} = {1}/{a_1} + {1}/{a_2} + {1}/{a_3}$is$\gg _{f,m} \exp (({5\log 2}/({12\,{\rm lcm} (m,f)}) + o_{f,m}(1)) {\log p}/{\log \log p})$. Previously, the best known lower bound of this type was of order$(\log p)^{0.549}$.
Decay rates at infinity for solutions to periodic Schrödinger equations
Authors: Elton Daniel M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe consider the equation Δu = Vu in the half-space ${\open R}_ + ^d $, d ⩾ 2 where V has certain periodicity properties. In particular, we show that such equations cannot have non-trivial superexponentially decaying solutions. As an application this leads to a new proof for the absolute continuity of the spectrum of particular periodic Schrödinger operators. The equation Δu = Vu is studied as part of a broader class of elliptic evolution equations.
Some congruences involving fourth powers of central q-binomial coefficients
Authors: Guo Victor J. W. , Wang Su-Dan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe prove some congruences on sums involving fourth powers of central q-binomial coefficients. As a conclusion, we confirm the following supercongruence observed by Long [Pacific J. Math. 249 (2011), 405–418]:
$$\sum\limits_{k = 0}^{((p^r-1)/(2))} {\displaystyle{{4k + 1} \over {{256}^k}}} \left( \matrix{2k \cr k} \right)^4\equiv p^r\quad \left( {\bmod p^{r + 3}} \right),$$where p⩾5 is a prime and r is a positive integer. Our method is similar to but a little different from the WZ method used by Zudilin to prove Ramanujan-type supercongruences.
INTEGER POLYGONS OF GIVEN PERIMETER
Authors: EAST JAMES , NILES RON 
Published: January 2019

A classical result of Honsberger states that the number of incongruent triangles with integer sides and perimeter$n$is the nearest integer to$n^{2}/48$($n$ even) or$(n+3)^{2}/48$($n$ odd). We solve the analogous problem for$m$-gons (for arbitrary but fixed$m\geq 3$) and for polygons (with arbitrary number of sides).
A Note on the Fundamental Group of Kodaira Fibrations
Authors: Vidussi Stefano 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe fundamental group π of a Kodaira fibration is, by definition, the extension of a surface group $\Pi_b$ by another surface group $\Pi _g$, i.e.
$$1 \rightarrow \Pi_g \rightarrow \pi \rightarrow \Pi_b \rightarrow 1.$$
Conversely, Catanese (2017) inquires about what conditions need to be satisfied by a group of that sort in order to be the fundamental group of a Kodaira fibration. In this short note we collect some restrictions on the image of the classifying map $m \colon \Pi_b \to \Gamma_g$ in terms of the coinvariant homology of $\Pi_g$. In particular, we observe that if π is the fundamental group of a Kodaira fibration with relative irregularity g−s, then $g \leq 1+ 6s$, and we show that this effectively constrains the possible choices for π, namely that there are group extensions as above that fail to satisfy this bound, hence it cannot be the fundamental group of a Kodaira fibration. A noteworthy consequence of this construction is that it provides examples of symplectic 4-manifolds that fail to admit a Kähler structure for reasons that eschew the usual obstructions.
RUMOR AND HISTORY REVISITED: ‘MUMIANI’ IN COASTAL KENYA, 1945
Authors: DINGLEY ZEBULON 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes an instance of collective panic about gangs of killers calledWatu wa Mumiani(‘MumianiPeople’) in Digo District, Kenya in 1945. Popularly believed to work for the colonial government,Watu wa Mumianiwere said to abduct Africans from roads and kill them for their blood. I offer an interpretation of this episode in terms of the history of a medicine calledMumia, a nineteenth-century ritual calledMung'aro, regional strategies for surviving famine (including ‘pawning’ kin), and a wartime labor conscription campaign. Rather than emphasize the alterity of ‘vampires’ likeWatu wa Mumiani, I show how the 1945 panic articulates concerns about powerful intermediaries, arguing that the stories told about them encode a history of concerns about predatory patrons, especially under conditions of ecological distress.
REINVENTINGIMBALUAND FORCIBLE CIRCUMCISION: GISU POLITICAL IDENTITY AND THE FIGHT FOR MBALE IN LATE COLONIAL UGANDA
Authors: KHANAKWA PAMELA 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTUgandan colonial authorities carved Bugisu and Bukedi districts out of Mbale district in 1954, isolating Mbale town as a separate entity. With ethnic tensions escalating as independence approached, Gisu and Gwere fought for Mbale's ownership. Empowered by decentralisation, Bugisu District Council pressed the colonial state to declare Mbale part of Bugisu, viewing the town as key to the region's wealth, and providing a symbolic status similar to that enjoyed by Uganda's leading ethnic groups. Gisu activists reinvented tradition as a tool of political advocacy, exerting hyper-masculine power over Mbale's non-circumcising Gwere residents through forcible circumcision. Gisu reformulation of a cultural practice within an urban struggle challenges previous categorisations of the Mbale case as merely another local obstacle to Uganda's peaceful decolonisation. Evidence analysed in this article contributes to a new understanding of East Africa's uneasy transition to self-government, and to the role of ethnic competition within late-colonial mobilisations more broadly.
Petitions and Local Politics in the Late Mughal Empire: The view from Kol, 1741
Authors: KAICKER ABHISHEK 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article uses a 1741 testimonial document from Kol (present-day Aligarh) to explore the workings of petitions in the local politics of the late Mughal empire. I suggest that even solitary documents such as this can be read as artefacts of the continuing processes of local politics which operated in excess of the administrative logic of the Mughal state. After surveying the place of petitions in the Mughal apparatus of justice from an administrative perspective, I examine the story of a vanished artisan named Hira to demonstrate that even scattered documents from the Mughal archive can reveal traces of the larger political processes of which a petition might be a single example. In this light, I demonstrate how the testimonial at hand can illuminate the everyday workings of the social and political order of the locality, and its relationship with larger structures of ideology and state power in an era of political decentralization.
In the Presence of Witnesses: Petitioning and judicial ‘publics’ in western India,circa1600–1820
Authors: O'HANLON ROSALIND 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBritish observers of the nineteenth-century panchayat were convinced that it represented a judicial forum of great antiquity, in which petitioners were able to gain local and direct access to justice. They contrasted the panchayat favourably with the delays and frustrations that beset the eighteenth-century East India Company's attempts to channel all petitions through its own courts. This article examines the history of the pre-colonial panchayat in western India and its early modern predecessors. During the early modern centuries, a diverse array of state-level and local corporate bodies made up the landscape for the submission of petitions and the hearing of suits. Although many suits were local in nature, the process of hearing and adjudication itself gave these judicial spaces a significant ‘public’ dimension, and their forms of argumentation frequently invoked general principles of justice and moral order. From the early eighteenth century, the new form of the panchayat came to supersede these older corporate bodies and to reshape the forms of public that gathered around them. The Maratha state, based in Pune, sought firmer control over revenue and justice. State officials promoted the panchayat as a new type of judicial arena, weakening the local corporate institutions and tying them more closely to the Pune court.
Petitions, the City, and the Early Colonial State in South India
Authors: BALACHANDRAN APARNA 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article explores the entwined history of early colonial urbanism and the articulation of legal subjectivity under East India Company rule in South India. More specifically, it looks at petitions from outcaste labouring groups to the Madras government in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Although early colonial petitions were unequivocally products of colonial rule, which derived their distinctive form and language from colonial law, a reading of the petition archive is one of the only ways to achieve a historical understanding of the city of Madras as it was experienced by its less privileged inhabitants. This article looks at the delineation of the communal selfhood of subaltern urban communities through petition narratives, arguing that the variety and innovativeness displayed by petition writers is testament both to the acceptance of colonial legality and to the agency of native subjects in negotiating with, and appropriating the language and rationale of, the colonial legal regime.
A Petition to Kill: Efficacious arzees against big cats in India
Authors: MATHUR NAYANIKA 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn a political culture that experiences inordinately high levels of petitioning, what makes for a successful petition? This article studies petitions that have been efficacious in their appeals to capture or kill big cats in Himalayan India. The rates of success for any appeal against big cats are low in contemporary India, given the stringent legal regime that is geared almost exclusively towards the protection of the charismatic and endangered big cats as well as the hegemonic position occupied by wildlife conservationism. Furthermore, not only is it difficult to petition against cossetted big cats, but it is also not an easy task for any petition to be heard and acquiesced to. Through an ethnography of efficacious petitions, this article makes three related interventions. First, and in the process of attending to the rarity of a handful of efficacious petitions, this article argues for expanding our conceptualization of what, in practice, a petition is. It does so by outlining the changing forms of efficacious petitions, which can range from a telephone call, a register entry, a WhatsApp message from a smart phone, to the more ‘traditional’ paper-based petition. Beyond its ever-evolving medium, this article demonstrates the criticality of folding petitioning into a wider process that involves planning, performance, perseverance, repetition, and the capacity to elicit visceral responses. Finally, through an ethnographic foregrounding of human-big cat interactions, it demonstrates how an acceptance and elaboration of animal agency enriches the study of politico-legal processes.
The effect of rehabilitation combined with cognitive remediation on functioning in persons with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Duin Daniëlle , de Winter Lars , Oud Matthijs , Kroon Hans , Veling Wim , van Weeghel Jaap 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric rehabilitation (PR) can improve functioning in people with severe mental illness (SMI), but outcomes are still suboptimal. Cognitive impairments have severe implications for functioning and might reduce the effects of PR. It has been demonstrated that performance in cognitive tests can be improved by cognitive remediation (CR). However, there is no consistent evidence that CR as a stand-alone intervention leads to improvements in real-life functioning. The present study investigated whether a combination of PR and CR enhances the effect of a stand-alone PR or CR intervention on separate domains of functioning.MethodA meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of PR combined with CR in people with SMI was conducted, reporting on functioning outcomes. A multivariate meta-regression analysis was carried out to evaluate moderator effects.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 23 studies with 1819 patients. Enhancing PR with CR had significant beneficial effects on vocational outcomes (e.g. employment rate: SMD = 0.41), and social skills (SMD = 0.24). No significant effects were found on relationships and outcomes of community functioning. Effects on vocational outcomes were moderated by years of education, intensity of the intervention, type of CR approach and integration of treatment goals for PR and CR. Type of PR was no significant moderator.ConclusionsAugmenting PR by adding cognitive training can improve vocational and social functioning in patients with SMI more than a stand-alone PR intervention. First indications exist that a synergetic mechanism also works the other way around, with beneficial effects of the combined intervention compared with a stand-alone CR intervention.
Genetic characterisation of Measles virus variants identified during a large epidemic in Milan, Italy, March–December 2017
Authors: Bianchi S. , Frati E.R. , Lai A. , Colzani D. , Ciceri G. , Baggieri M. , Lamberti A. , Senatore S. , Faccini M. , Mazzilli F. , Gramegna M. , Zehender G. , Magurano F. , Tanzi E. , Amendola A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn 2017, Italy experienced a large measles epidemic with 5408 cases and four deaths. As Subnational Reference Laboratory of the Measles and Rubella surveillance NETwork (MoRoNET), the EpiSoMI (Epidemiology and Molecular Surveillance of Infections) Laboratory (University of Milan) set up rapid and active surveillance for the complete characterisation of the Measles virus (Mv) responsible for the large measles outbreak in Milan and surrounding areas (Lombardy, Northern Italy). The aims of this study were to describe the genetic profile of circulating viruses and to track the pathway of measles transmission. Molecular analysis was performed by sequencing the highly variable 450 nucleotides region of the N gene (N-450) of Mv genome. Two-hundred and ninety-nine strains of Mv were analysed. The phylogenetic analysis showed five different variants, two not previously described in the studied area, belonging to D8 and B3 genotypes. Three events of continuous transmission of autochthonous variants (D8-Osaka, D8-London and B3-Milan variants) and two events of continuous transmission of imported variants (B3-Dublin and D8-Hulu Langat) tracked five different transmission pathways. These pathways outlined two epidemic peaks: the first in April and the second in July 2017. The correlation between Mv variant and the epidemiological data may enable us to identify the sources of virus importation and recognise long-lasting virus transmission pathways.
Prevalence and risk factors of anaemia in hospitalised HIV-infected patients in southeast China: a retrospective study
Authors: Lai J. L. , Chen Y. H. , Liu Y. M. , Yuan J. J. , Lin J. , Huang A. Q. , Ye H. H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe association between opportunistic infection (OI) and anaemia among HIV-infected patients remains to be studied. We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of anaemia in hospitalised HIV-infected patients to reveal the association between OI and anaemia. We conducted a retrospective study of HIV-positive hospitalised patients from June 2016 to December 2017 in Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Patients’ information on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were carefully collected. The comparison of anaemia prevalence between groups was conducted withχ2test. A logistic regression model was carried out to analyse the predictors of anaemia. The total prevalence of anaemia in hospitalised HIV-infected patients was 55.15%. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anaemia was 41.42%, 11.08% and 2.64%, respectively. Predictors independently associated with anaemia were: CD4 counts <50 cells/μl (odds ratio (OR): 6.376, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.916–21.215,P= 0.003), CD4 counts 50–199 cells/μl (OR: 6.303, 95% CI = 1.874–21.203,P= 0.003), co-infection with tuberculosis (TB) (OR: 2.703, 95% CI = 1.349–5.414,P= 0.005) or Penicillium marneffei (PM) (OR: 7.162, 95% CI = 3.147–15.299,P< 0.001). In Fujian, China, more than half inpatients with HIV were anaemic, but severe anaemia is infrequent. Lower CD4 counts, co-infection with TB or PM were independent risk factors for anaemia. Chinese HIV patients especially with TB, PM infection and low CD4 level should be routinely detected for anaemia to improve therapy.
Persistence and gender differences in protection against severe fever with thrombocytopaenia syndrome virus with natural infection: a 4-year follow-up and mathematical prediction study
Authors: Qi R. , Huang Y.T. , Yu X.J. 
Published: January 2019

SummarySevere fever with thrombocytopaenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease discovered in 2010 and has a case fatality as high as 30%. We intended to study the immune protection conferred by SFTS with natural infection. We collected and analysed 4-year follow-up data to study the characteristics of neutralising antibodies against SFTS virus (SFTSV). The 50% plaque reduction neutralisation test was used for the detection of neutralising antibodies against SFTSV. Geometric mean titres (GMTs) and proportions of patients with a protective titre were analysed, and the persistence of protection was predicted. The titre of antibodies declined yearly in the 4-year study period. Approximately 3 months after infection, the GMT was 143 (95% confidence interval (CI): 89–231), and 100% of patients had a protective titre. In the fourth year, the GMT declined to 53 (95% CI: 37–76), and 95% of patients had a protective titre. The titre was higher in females than in males. On average, the protection offered by neutralising antibodies against SFTSV could last as long as 9 years. The durations of protection were different for different initial titres. The characteristics of neutralising antibodies can be used as a reference for the vaccination doses and schedules of forthcoming vaccines.
China, India, and International Law: A Justice Based Vision Between the Romantic and Realist Perceptions
Authors: SORNARAJAH Muthucumaraswamy , WANG Jiangyu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to build an analytical framework and a research agenda for a study of the potential impact of the rise of China and India on international law. In the light of the possibility that the two states may, together or individually, make changes in international law and shift it from its present Europe-America moorings, this paper attempts to analyze and answer three topics: (1) the common and different stances of China and India on the existing international legal order; (2) the changes China and India have sought to the international status quo; and (3) the contributions that have been or could be brought by China and India to the development of international law and their implications for the future. It proposes an analytical framework in which these questions are viewed through two lenses: the romantic vision and the realist vision.
A Reflection on Crucial Periods in 50 Years of Social Psychology (in	Germany)
Authors: Corcoran Katja , Häfner Michael , Kauff Mathias , Stürmer Stefan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In this article, we reflect on 50 years of the journal Social Psychology. We interviewed colleagues who have witnessed the history of the journal. Based on these interviews, we identified three crucial periods in Social Psychology’s history, that are (a) the early development and further professionalization of the journal, (b) the reunification of East and West Germany, and (c) the internationalization of the journal and its transformation from the Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie to Social Psychology. We end our reflection with a discussion of changes that occurred during these periods and their implication for the future of our field.
Volcanic‐Tectonic Structure of the Mount Dent Oceanic Core Complex in the Ultraslow Mid‐Cayman Spreading Center Determined From Detailed Seafloor Investigation
Authors: Haughton G. A. , Hayman N. W. , Searle R. C. , Le Bas T. , Murton B. J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe flanks of the ultraslow‐spreading Mid‐Cayman Spreading Center (MCSC) are characterized by domal massifs or oceanic core complexes (OCCs). The most prominent of these, Mount Dent, comprises lower‐crustal and upper‐mantle lithologies and hosts the Von Damm vent field ~12 km west of the axial deep. Here, presented autonomous underwater vehicle‐derived swath sonar (multibeam) mapping and deep‐towed side‐scan sonar imagery lead to our interpretation that: (i) slip along the OCC‐bounding detachment fault is ceasing, (ii) the termination zone, where detachment fault meets the hanging wall, is disintegrating, (iii) the domed surface of the OCC is cut by steep north‐south extensional faulting, and (iv) the breakaway zone is cut by outward facing faults. The Von Damm vent field and dispersed pockmarks on the OCC's south flank further suggest that hydrothermal fluid flow is pervasive within the faulted OCC. On the axial floor of the MCSC, bright acoustic backscatter and multibeam bathymetry reveal: (v) a volcanic detachment hanging wall, (vi) a major fault rifting the southern flank of Mount Dent, and (vii) a young axial volcanic ridge intersecting its northern flank. These observations are described by a conceptual model wherein detachment faulting and OCC exhumation are ceasing during an increase in magmatic intrusion, brittle deformation, and hydrothermal circulation within the OCC. Together, this high‐resolution view of the MCSC provides an instructive example of how OCCs, formed within an overall melt‐starved ultraslow spreading center, can undergo magmatism, hydrothermal activity, and faulting in much the same way as expected in magmatically more robust slow‐spreading centers elsewhere.