bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Express Read in MLC Phase Change Memories
Authors: Jalili Majid , Sarbazi-Azad Hamid 
Published: February 2018

In the era of big data, the capability of computer systems must be enhanced to support 2.5 quintillion byte/day data delivery. Among the components of a computer system, main memory has a great impact on overall system performance. DRAM technology has been used over the past four decades to build main memories. However, the scalability of DRAM technology has faced serious challenges. To keep pace with the ever-increasing demand for larger main memory, some new alternative technologies have been introduced. Phase change memory (PCM) is considered as one of such technologies for substituting DRAM. PCM offers some noteworthy properties such as low static power consumption, nonvolatility, and capability of storing more than one bit per cell (multilevel cell, or MLC). However, the short lifetime and long access latency of PCM (specifically MLC PCM) require feasible and efficient solutions.
In this article, based on the observation that applications access a significant number of read-friendly data blocks, we propose Express Read to prevent the MLC PCM read circuit to spend unnecessary time sensing the cells of a memory block. A read-friendly data block (RFDB) is composed of only “11” and “00” bit pairs, and thus upon sensing the most significant bit of a cell, the read operation can be early terminated to reduce the MLC read time and power consumption. Moreover, we increase the number of RFDBs using two simple techniques to better exploit the benefits of Express Read. Results obtained from full-system simulation near 6% performance improvement and 21% energy gain, on average, over the baseline system.
Exogenous Hormone Use and Endometrial Cancer in U.S. Black Women
Authors: Sponholtz Todd R. , Palmer Julie R. , Rosenberg Lynn A. , Hatch Elizabeth E. , Adams-Campbell Lucile L. , Wise Lauren A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground: Although endometrial cancer risk differs among white and black women, few data on its associations with exogenous hormone use in the latter group are available. Studies have reported lower endometrial cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives (OCs), but higher risk among users of estrogen-only female menopausal hormones (FMHs). Evidence for the risk among estrogen plus progestin FMHs users is equivocal.Methods: We followed 47,555 Black Women's Health Study participants with an intact uterus from 1995 through 2013. Data on exogenous hormone use, covariates, and endometrial cancer were obtained biennially. Self-reported incident cases of endometrial cancer were confirmed by medical records or cancer registries whenever possible. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox proportional hazards regression.Results: We observed 300 endometrial cancer cases during 689,546 person-years of follow-up. Compared with never use, ≥10 years' duration of OC use was associated with lower risk (multivariable IRR = 0.45, 95% CI, 0.27–0.74), but risk was higher among current users of estrogen-only (IRR = 3.78, 95% CI, 1.69–8.43) and estrogen plus progestin FMH (IRR = 1.55, 95% CI, 0.78–3.11). Risk was not increased among former users of estrogen-only (IRR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.44–1.72) or estrogen plus progestin FMH (IRR = 0.63, 95% CI, 0.36–1.09).Conclusions: Current use of estrogen-only and estrogen plus progestin FMH was associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer. Risk appeared lower among former users of estrogen plus progestin FMH. Long-term OC use was associated with reduced risk.Impact: Our results are generally consistent with those among white women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(5); 558–65. ©2018 AACR.
Social Relationships, Inflammation, and Cancer Survival
Authors: Boen Courtney E. , Barrow David A. , Bensen Jeannette T. , Farnan Laura , Gerstel Adrian , Hendrix Laura H. , Yang Yang Claire 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground: Social stressors, such as social relationship deficits, have been increasingly linked to chronic disease outcomes, including cancer. However, critical gaps exist in our understanding of the nature and strength of such links, as well as the underlying biological mechanisms relating social relationships to cancer progression and survival.Methods: Utilizing novel questionnaire and biomarker data from the UNC Health Registry/Cancer Survivorship Cohort, this study examines the associations between diverse measures of social support and mortality risk among individuals with cancer (N = 1,004). We further assess the role of multiple serum markers of inflammation, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), IL6, TNFα, and VEGF, as potential mediators in the social relationship–cancer link.Results: The findings revealed that one's appraisal of their social support was associated with cancer mortality, such that individuals reporting higher levels of social support satisfaction had lower mortality risk than individuals reporting lower levels of satisfaction. The amount of support received, on the other hand, was not predictive of cancer survival. We further found evidence that inflammatory processes may undergird the link between social support satisfaction and mortality among individuals with cancer, with individuals reporting higher levels of social support satisfaction having lower levels of CRP, IL6, and TNFα.Conclusions: These results provide new knowledge of the biosocial processes producing population disparities in cancer outcomes.Impact: Our study offers new insights for intervention efforts aimed at promoting social connectedness as a means for improving cancer survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(5); 541–9. ©2018 AACR.
Vitamin D–Binding Protein Enhances Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Progression by Regulating the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1/Akt Pathway and Vitamin D Receptor Transcription
Authors: Huang Yu-Fang , Wu Yi-Hui , Cheng Wen-Fang , Peng Shu-Ling , Shen Wan-Lin , Chou Cheng-Yang 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Malignant ascites of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) helps identify prognostic biomarkers or mechanisms of tumor progression. Vitamin D–binding protein (DBP) was revealed to be upregulated in EOC ascites in our previous proteomic study. Here, we examined the role of DBP in EOC.
Experimental Design: We analyzed ascites, serum, and tissue samples of patients with newly diagnosed EOC to determine the prognostic effects of DBP. We verified DBP function using orthotopic animal models and DBP regulation in ovarian cancer cell lines.
Results: Elevated ascitic DBP was significantly associated with poor response to chemotherapy, short progression-free interval, increased cancer progression, and death. Ascitic DBP overexpression was an independent unfavorable biomarker for progression-free survival; DBP overexpression in cancerous tissue was significantly related to chemoresistance. In vivo and in vitro investigations demonstrated an important role for DBP in ovarian cancer progression. Orthotopic model mice inoculated with DBP knockdown ovarian cancer cells displayed a significant reduction in tumor formation, malignant cell number, ascitic DBP levels, invasiveness, and metastasis, and increased survival compared with controls. In presence of vitamin D receptor (VDR), DBP promoted cell aggression (invasion and doubling time) via activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1/insulin-like growth factor–binding protein-2/Akt axis, and induced suppression of vitamin D–responsive genes. A NF-κB p65-binding site in the VDR promoter was identified as a major determinant of DBP-dependent VDR promoter activation.
Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of DBP in ovarian tumor progression and the potential application of DBP as a therapeutic target for EOC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 3217–28. ©2018 AACR.
Updated Results of Rituximab Pre- and Post-BEAM with or without 90Yttrium Ibritumomab Tiuxetan during Autologous Transplant for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Chahoud Jad , Sui Dawen , Erwin William D. , Gulbis Alison M. , Korbling Martin , Zhang Mingzhi , Ahmed Sairah , Alatrash Gheath , Anderlini Paolo , Ciurea Stefan O. , Oran Betul , Fayad Luis E. , Bassett Roland L. , Jabbour Elias J. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Macapinlac Homer A. , Young Ken H. , Khouri Issa F. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Purpose: We evaluated the effect on long-term survival of adding rituximab (R) to BEAM (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan) conditioning with or without yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (90YIT) in patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT).
Experimental design: Patients were enrolled on three consecutive phase II clinical trials. Patients received two doses of rituximab (375 and 1,000 mg/m2) during mobilization of stem cells, followed by 1,000 mg/m2 on days +1 and +8 after ASCT with R-BEAM or 90YIT-R-BEAM (90YIT dose of 0.4 mCi/kg) conditioning.
Results: One hundred thirteen patients were enrolled, with 73 receiving R-BEAM and 40 receiving 90YIT-R-BEAM. All patients had a prior exposure to rituximab. The median follow-up intervals for survivors were 11.8, 8.1, and 4.2 years in the three trials, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 62% for R-BEAM and 65% for 90YIT-R-BEAM (P = 0.82). The 5-year overall survival rates were 73% and 77%, respectively (P = 0.65). In patients with de novo DLBCL, survival outcomes of the germinal center/activated b-cell histologic subtypes were similar with 5-year OS rates (P = 0.52) and DFS rates (P = 0.64), irrespective of their time of relapse (&lt;1 vs. &gt;1 year) after initial induction chemotherapy (P = 0.97).
Conclusions: Administering ASCT with rituximab during stem cell collection and immediately after transplantation induces long-term disease remission and abolishes the negative prognostic impact of cell-of-origin in patients with relapsed DLBCL. The addition of 90YIT does not confer a further survival benefit. Clin Cancer Res; 24(10); 2304–11. ©2018 AACR.
TNFα and Radioresistant Stromal Cells Are Essential for Therapeutic Efficacy of Cyclic Dinucleotide STING Agonists in Nonimmunogenic Tumors
Authors: Francica Brian J. , Ghasemzadeh Ali , Desbien Anthony L. , Theodros Debebe , Sivick Kelsey E. , Reiner Gabrielle L. , Hix Glickman Laura , Marciscano Ariel E. , Sharabi Andrew B. , Leong Meredith L. , McWhirter Sarah M. , Dubensky Thomas W. , Pardoll Drew M. , Drake Charles G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe cGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway may play an integral role in the initiation of antitumor immune responses. Studies evaluating the immunogenicity of various cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) STING agonists administered by intratumoral (i.t.) injection showed potent induction of inflammation, tumor necrosis, and, in some cases, durable tumor-specific adaptive immunity. However, the specific immune mechanisms underlying these responses remain incompletely defined. The majority of these studies have focused on the effect of CDNs on immune cells but have not conclusively interrogated the role of stromal cells in the acute rejection of the CDN-injected tumor. Here, we revealed a mechanism of STING agonist-mediated tumor response that relied on both stromal and immune cells to achieve tumor regression and clearance. Using knockout and bone marrow chimeric mice, we showed that although bone marrow–derived TNFα was necessary for CDN-induced necrosis, STING signaling in radioresistant stromal cells was also essential for CDN-mediated tumor rejection. These results provide evidence for crosstalk between stromal and hematopoietic cells during CDN-mediated tumor collapse after i.t. administration. These mechanistic insights may prove critical in the clinical development of STING agonists. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(4); 422–33. ©2018 AACR.
Role of Natural Climate Variability in the Detection of Anthropogenic Climate Change Signal for Mean and Extreme Precipitation at Local and Regional Scales
Authors: Martel Jean-Luc , Mailhot Alain , Brissette François , Caya Daniel 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Climate change will impact both mean and extreme precipitation, having potentially significant consequences on water resources. The implementation of efficient adaptation measures must rely on the development of reliable projections of future precipitation and on the assessment of their related uncertainty. Natural climate variability is a key uncertainty component, which can result in apparent decadal trends that may be greater or lower than the long-term underlying anthropogenic climate change trend. The goal of the present study is to assess how natural climate variability affects the ability to detect the climate change signal for mean and extreme precipitation. Annual and seasonal total precipitation are used as indicators of the mean, whereas annual and seasonal maximum daily precipitation are used as indicators of extremes. This is done using the CanESM2 50-member and CESM1 40-member large ensembles of simulations over the 1950–2100 period. At the local scale, results indicate that natural climate variability will dominate the uncertainty for annual and seasonal extreme precipitation going up to the end of the century in many parts of the world. The climate change signal can, however, be reliably detected much earlier at the regional scale for extreme precipitation. In the case of annual and seasonal total precipitation, the climate change signal can be reliably detected at the local scale without resorting to a regional analysis. Nonetheless, natural climate variability can impede the detection of the anthropogenic climate change signal until the middle to late century in many parts of the world for mean and extreme precipitation.
Cognitive impairment in older patients undergoing colorectal surgery
Authors: Hewitt Jonathan , Marke Margaret , Honeyman Calum , Huf Simon , Lai Aida , Dong Anni , Wright Tom , Blake Sarah , Fallaize Rebecca , Hughes Jane L , Pearce Lyndsay , McCarthy Kathryn 
Published: February 2018

Background With increasing numbers of older people being referred for elective colorectal surgery, cognitive impairment is likely to be present and affect many aspects of the surgical pathway. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and assess it against surgical outcomes. Methods The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was carried out in patients aged more than 65 years. We recorded demographic information. Data were collected on length of hospital stay, complications and 30-day mortality. Results There were 101 patients assessed, median age was 74 years (interquartile range = 68–80), 54 (53.5%) were women. In total, 58 people (57.4%) ‘failed’ the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (score ≤ 25). There were two deaths (3.4%) within 30 days of surgery in the abnormal Montreal Cognitive Assessment group and none in the normal group. Twenty-nine (28.7%) people experienced a complication. The percentage of patients with complications was higher in the group with normal Montreal Cognitive Assessment (41.9%) than abnormal Montreal Cognitive Assessment (19.9%) ( p = 0.01) and the severity of those complications were greater (chi-squared for trend p = 0.01). The length of stay was longer in people with an abnormal Montreal Cognitive Assessment (mean 8.1 days vs. 5.8 days, p = 0.03). Conclusion Cognitive impairment was common, which has implications for informed consent. Cognitive impairment was associated with less postoperative complications but a longer length of hospital stay.
The possibility of a Christian politics
Authors: Martin David 
Published: February 2018

Abstract and analysis Forty-five years ago David Martin, then in his early forties, wrote an influential article for Theology, ‘Ethical Commentary and Political Decision’ (October 1973). In this he argued that the sociologist can be useful to political decision-makers: by providing an analysis of the political situation as it is, was or will be (but emphatically not ‘ought to be’), and by tracing the antecedents of a situation and the possible future consequences of that situation. He suggested: These services which ‘sociology’ may provide represent the combined resources of economics, political science, etc., and are only new in that nowadays such services are explicitly sought and are systematically performed. Presumably in the past every politician and ethical commentator was an amateur political scientist and economist … What is now understood in the multi-dimensional perspectives of sociology as systematised, verified propositional knowledge has always been practical knowledge. (p. 527) Now, after a lifetime of distinguished research on different patterns of European secularization and, in contrast, on the global expansion of Pentecostalism, he returns to the theme of political decision-making. He offers a unique overview of the various options today that are possible, or no longer possible, for a specifically Christian politics. [ Editor]
Early self-managed focal sensorimotor rehabilitative training enhances functional mobility and sensorimotor function in patients following total knee replacement: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Moutzouri Maria , Gleeson Nigel , Coutts Fiona , Tsepis Elias , Gliatis John 
Published: February 2018

Objective: To assess the effects of early self-managed focal sensorimotor training compared to functional exercise training after total knee replacement on functional mobility and sensorimotor function. Design: A single-blind controlled clinical trial. Setting: University Hospital of Rion, Greece. Subjects: A total of 52 participants following total knee replacement. Outcome measures: The primary outcome was the Timed Up and Go Test and the secondary outcomes were balance, joint position error, the Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale, and pain. Patients were assessed on three separate occasions (presurgery, 8 weeks post surgery, and 14 weeks post surgery). Intervention: Participants were randomized to either focal sensorimotor exercise training (experimental group) or functional exercise training (control group). Both groups received a 12-week home-based programme prescribed for 3–5 sessions/week (35–45 minutes). Results: Consistently greater improvements ( F2,98 = 4.3 to 24.8; P < 0.05) in group mean scores favour the experimental group compared to the control group: Timed Up and Go (7.8 ± 2.9 seconds vs. 4.6 ± 2.6 seconds); balance (2.1 ± 0.9° vs. 0.7 ± 1.2°); joint position error (13.8 ± 7.3° vs. 6.2 ± 9.1°); Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (44.2 ± 11.3 vs. 26.1 ± 11.4); and pain (5.9 ± 1.3 cm vs. 4.6 ± 1.1 cm). Patterns of improvement for the experimental group over time were represented by a relative effect size range of 1.3–6.5. Conclusions: Overall, the magnitude of improvements in functional mobility and sensorimotor function endorses using focal sensorimotor training as an effective mode of rehabilitation following knee replacement.
Goal setting in paediatric rehabilitation for children with motor disabilities: a scoping review
Authors: Pritchard-Wiart Lesley , Phelan Shanon K 
Published: February 2018

Objectives: The three objectives of this scoping review were to (1) identify key conceptual/theoretical frameworks and the extent to which they are used to inform goal setting related to rehabilitation goal setting with children with motor disabilities, (2) describe research that has evaluated goal setting processes and outcomes, and (3) summarize the purposes of goal setting described in paediatric rehabilitation literature. Methods: The scoping review process described by Arksey and O’Malley was used to guide article selection and data extraction. Results: A total of 62 articles were included in the final review. While the concept of family-centered care was well represented, theoretical frameworks specific to goal setting (i.e. goal setting theory described by Locke and Latham, mastery motivation, social cognitive, personal construct, and self-determination theories) were rarely addressed. No articles reviewed addressed prominent behavior change theory. With the exception of the description of tools specifically designed for use with children, the role of the child in the goal setting process was generally absent or not well described. Few studies ( n = 6) discussed the linkage between goals and intervention strategies explicitly. Only two studies in the review evaluated outcomes associated with goal setting. The primary purpose for goal setting identified in the literature was to develop goals that are meaningful to families ( n = 49). Conclusion: The results highlight significant gaps in the literature explicating a sound theoretical basis for goal setting in paediatric rehabilitation and research evaluating the effects of goal qualities and goal setting processes on the achievement of meaningful outcomes.
Outcomes and Resource Use Among Overweight and Obese Children With Sepsis in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Peterson Laura S. , Gállego Suárez Cecilia , Segaloff Hannah E. , Griffin Cameron , Martin Emily T. , Odetola Folafoluwa O. , Singer Kanakadurga 
Published: February 2018

Objective: To evaluate the effect of overweight and obesity on outcomes and resource use among patients with sepsis in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Design: Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics, resource use, and mortality among children 0 to 20 years of age admitted to the C.S. MottChildren’s Hospital PICU (University of Michigan) between January 2009 and December 2015, with a diagnostic code for sepsis at admission (based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision- Clinical Modification codes) and with weight and height measurements at PICU admission. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 454 participants met the inclusion criteria. Seventy-six were categorized as underweight (body mass index [BMI] percentile <5th) and were excluded, which left a final sample size of 378 participants. Children with a BMI >5th and <85th percentiles for age were categorized as normal weight and those with a BMI >85th percentile as overweight/obese. After descriptive and bivariate analyses, multivariate regression methods were used to assess the independent effect of obesity status on mortality and the use of PICU technology after adjustment for patient age and illness severity at admission. Of the 378 patients studied, 41.3% were overweight/obese. There was no difference in microbiologic etiology of sepsis ( P = .36), median PICU length of stay in days (5.4 vs 5.6; P = .61), or PICU mortality (6.4% vs 7.2%; P = .76) by weight status. The use of specialized PICU technology including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (odds ratio [OR]: 2.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.13-6.79) and continuous renal replacement therapy (OR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.16-18.0) was higher among overweight/obese patients, compared with normal weight patients. Conclusions: Although PICU mortality and length of stay were similar for obese–overweight patients and normal weight critically ill children with sepsis, there was significantly higher use of specialized organ-supportive technology among obese patients, likely indicating higher occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction.