bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MeTEor: an R Shiny app for exploring longitudinal metabolomics data
Authors: Grabert Gordon , Dehncke Daniel , More Tushar , List Markus , Kraft Anke R M , Cornberg Markus , Hiller Karsten , Kacprowski Tim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The availability of longitudinal omics data is increasing in metabolomics research. Viewing metabolomics data over time provides detailed insight into biological processes and fosters understanding of how systems react over time. However, the analysis of longitudinal metabolomics data poses various challenges, both in terms of statistical evaluation and visualization.

Results
To make explorative analysis of longitudinal data readily available to researchers without formal background in computer science and programming, we present MEtabolite Trajectory ExplORer (MeTEor). MeTEor is an R Shiny app providing a comprehensive set of statistical analysis methods. To demonstrate the capabilities of MeTEor, we replicated the analysis of metabolomics data from a previously published study on COVID-19 patients.

Availability and implementation
MeTEor is available as an R package and as a Docker image. Source code and instructions for setting up the app can be found on GitHub (https://github.com/scibiome/meteor). The Docker image is available at Docker Hub (https://hub.docker.com/r/gordomics/meteor). MeTEor has been tested on Microsoft Windows, Unix/Linux, and macOS.
The largest to the south? Assessment of the latitudinal variation in Mustelus schmitti (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniforms: Triakidae), an endemic coastal shark of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Leyton Melisa M , Chiaramonte Gustavo E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Relative growth and life history traits along latitudinal gradients have been widely examined in bony fishes, but chondrichthyans have received less attention. The present work focuses on testing whether southern distributed individuals of Mustelus schmitti sharks are larger and will mature at larger sizes than northern distributed individuals. We also show that intraspecific variation follows the latitudinal pattern and that body shape proportions are not altered by latitudinal distribution. The specimens come from two areas 1200 km apart [Puerto Quequén (PQ) and Ria Deseado (Deseado estuary) (PD)], which implies 9 degrees of latitudinal difference. For PQ, four allometric variables related to the trunk of the body showed secondary sexual dimorphism, while for PD this dimorphism was observed in a single variable. The females of PQ presented with a higher relative growth of the trunk than the females of PD. Males, by contrast, did not present a characteristic growth pattern that could differentiate specimens between the two areas. Specimens of both sexes in PD reached a larger average total length at first maturity (P &lt; .05) than those in PQ.
Development of a new breath collection method for analyzing volatile organic compounds from intubated mouse models
Authors: Taylor Alastair , Blum Sylvia , Ball Madeleine , Birch Owen , Chou Hsuan , Greenwood Julia , Swann Shane , Pocock Lara , Allsworth Max , Boyle Billy , Geillinger-Kaestle Kerstin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A new pre-clinical method for capturing breath samples from intubated mice is presented. This method significantly reduces background levels, allowing more accurate measurements of VOCs originating from the breath (“on-breath”) as opposed to background contamination. The method was developed by integrating industry-standard volatile-capturing sorbent tubes with respiratory mechanics measurement equipment (flexiVent®), resulting in a mouse breath sample that can be transported and analyzed by TD-GC-MS and other central lab technologies. Using the methodology, the discrimination between on-breath VOCs from background compounds provides a cleaner dataset, which can accelerate the validation of VOCs identified from mouse models and their translation to clinical trials. Three metrics were developed to identify on-breath VOCs, with 22 identified using Type 1 (50% of the breath samples exceeding three standard deviations above the mean signal of the system blanks), 34 with Type 2 (P-value ≤ .05 between paired breath and blank samples), and 61 with Type 3 (ROC-AUC value ≥ 0.8 to differentiate between breath and blank samples). The number of compounds seen at elevated levels on mouse breath was quantified and compared to the levels seen on human breath samples to compare methodologies.
Historical biogeography of Vellozia (Velloziaceae) reveals range expansion in South American mountaintops after climatic cooling events and increased diversification rates after the occupation of Southern Espinhaço Province
Authors: Magri Renato A , Luebert Federico , Cabral Andressa , Alcantara Suzana , Lohmann Lúcia G , Prado Jefferson , Lopes Jenifer C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The campos rupestres and the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Inselbergs (BAFI) are highly diverse vegetation types that grow on mountaintops of eastern Brazil and show outstanding levels of endemism. The plant family Velloziaceae is an iconic element of these vegetations, with the genus Vellozia, being exceptionally abundant in both these vegetations. In this study, we use Vellozia as a model to address three main questions: (i) What was the distribution of Vellozia’s most recent common ancestor? (ii) Did the range expansions of Vellozia occur during periods characterized by global cooling? (iii) When did Vellozia colonize the different South American highlands they occupy nowadays? To address these questions, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Vellozia using sequences of four molecular markers analysed using Bayesian and maximum likelihood inferences. We used the resulting phylogeny to reconstruct the ancestral distribution of Vellozia using the DEC model. Our findings indicate that Vellozia originated and subsequently diversified in the Oligocene, when the genus was broadly distributed through the Andes, BAFI, Cerrado, Caatinga, and the Chapada Diamantina, suggesting that the Cerrado may acted as a corridor between the Andes and eastern mountaintop vegetations. Vellozia subsequently occupied the southern Espinhaço during the Early Miocene, which was followed by increased diversification rates and several range expansions, especially after the Middle-Miocene Climatic Optimum, when cooler and drier periods allowed the expansion of open environments and the retraction of forests, allowing Vellozia to expand their distribution. These results highlight the unique evolutionary history of Vellozia and the importance of climatic cooling for the expansion of the genus.
The polarisation of Italian metropolitan areas, 2000–2018: structural change, technology and growth
Authors: Simone Giuseppe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Large cities are a key driver of technological innovation and economic growth. This paper investigates the developments of Italian metropolitan areas, building on insights from economic geography and innovation studies. The key questions to be investigated are the following: (i) Which trajectories of population and economic change can be identified for Italian metropolitan areas? Are we facing a process of economic and technological polarisation that may worsen the country’s imbalances? (ii) What is the role played in such developments by technological and structural change, and in particular by digital technologies and the rise of finance? The empirical analysis investigates the patterns of technological and economic indicators for the period 2000–2018 for 14 Italian metropolitan areas, proxied by their provinces, providing evidence of growing polarisation between Milan, where most positive developments are concentrated, and the other metropolitan zones. Rome has been losing ground in most fields; Venice and Genoa are characterised by industrial decline. Few mid-sized cities show some economic dynamism—including Bologna and Cagliari—while most southern and insular Italian cities increase their gap relative to the performances of leading metropolitan areas.
Non-invasive assessment of IgA nephropathy severity with [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging
Authors: Wang Hao , He Limeng , Feng Lijuan , Zhang Weiwei , Liu Nan , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Renal biopsy plays a crucial role in diagnosing and assessing the severity of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), despite being an invasive procedure with potential risk of failure. Our study focused on evaluating the capability of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in identifying the extent of pathological alterations in IgAN.

Methods
Twenty patients (13 males and 7 females; mean age, 44 ± 16 years) with newly diagnosed primary IgAN and 10 patients (7 males and 3 females; mean age, 51 ± 4 years) without known renal disease underwent [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging. Kidney tissues from biopsies were stained with various techniques and examined using immunofluorescence. The Oxford classification was used to evaluate pathological indicators. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to assess α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression. Renal FAPI uptake measured by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) (maximum and mean standardized uptake value, SUVmax and SUVmean) was correlated with histological findings.

Results
The renal parenchymal FAPI uptake was significantly higher in IgAN patients compared with control patients (SUVmax = 3.9 ± 1.3 vs 1.9 ± 0.4, SUVmean = 3.6 ± 1.2 vs 1.5 ± 0.4; all P &lt; .001). We identified a significant difference in renal parenchymal FAPI uptake among the various categories of the Oxford classification. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between SUVmax and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, as well as tubulointerstitial inflammation scores in scarred cortex and non-scarred cortex (r = 0.637, 0.593 and 0.491, all P &lt; .05), Similar associations were observed between SUVmean and these scores (r = 0.641, 0.592 and 0.479, all P &lt; .05). Furthermore, significant positive correlations were observed between SUVmax or SUVmean and the staining scores for glomerular αSMA and FAP, as well as for tubulointerstitial αSMA and FAP (all P &lt; .01).

Conclusion
[18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging offers IgAN patients a non-invasive and reproducible auxiliary modality to monitor disease progression.
Performance of computerized self-reported medical history taking and HEAR score for safe early rule-out of cardiac events in acute chest pain patients: the CLEOS-CPDS prospective cohort study
Authors: Brandberg Helge , Schierenbeck Fanny , Sundberg Carl Johan , Koch Sabine , Spaak Jonas , Kahan Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
A simplified version of the history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors, troponin (HEART) score, excluding troponin, has been proposed to rule-out major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Computerized history taking (CHT) provides a systematic and automated method to obtain information necessary to calculate the HEAR score. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and diagnostic accuracy of CHT in calculating the HEAR score for predicting MACE.

Methods and results
Prospective study including clinically stable adults presenting with chest pain at the emergency department (ED) of Danderyd University Hospital (Stockholm, Sweden), in 2017–19. Participants entered their medical histories on touchscreen tablets using CHT software. The HEAR and HEART scores were calculated from CHT data. Thirty-day MACE and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) outcomes were retrieved, and the diagnostic accuracy was assessed. Logistic regression was used to determine the most predictive components of the HEAR score. Among 1000 patients, HEART and HEAR scores could be calculated from CHT data in 648 and 666 cases, respectively, with negative predictive values [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 0.98 (0.97–0.99) and 0.99 (0.96–1.00). Two patients with HEAR score &lt;2 experienced a 30-day MACE. The age [odds ratio (OR) 2.75, 95% CI 1.62–4.66] and history (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.52–3.71) components of the HEAR score were most predictive of MACE. Acute coronary syndrome outcomes provided similar results.

Conclusion
The HEAR score acquired by CHT identifies very-low-risk patients with chest pain in the ED, safely ruling out ACS and MACE. This highlights the value of computerized history taking by patients, which may reduce unnecessary tests and hospital admissions.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03439449.
The burden and trends of heart failure caused by ischaemic heart disease at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Zheng Xiaoyu , Huang Pingping , Guo Lijun , Zheng Yuan , Zhang Dawu , Ma Xiaochang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of heart failure (HF), a condition expected to increasingly affect global health and economics. This study evaluates the global burden, trends, and disparities of HF linked to IHD, aiming to inform health policy development.

Methods and results
Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD2021) are analysed using joinpoint regression, decomposition analysis, and Bayesian age–period–cohort analysis (BAPC). Health disparities are assessed through the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) via the Slope Index of Inequality and the Concentration Index, with future trends projected from 2022 to 2045. In 2021, global HF cases due to IHD were over 19.16 million, with an age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of 228.31 per 100 000 [95% Uncertainty Interval (UI), 188.18–279.55] and age-standardized years lived with disability (ASYLDs) rate of 20.43 per 100 000 [95% UI, 13.55–28.7]. In 2021, there was a 2.87% increase in ASPR and ASYLDs compared with 1990, primarily driven by population growth and aging. Significant reductions in global ASPR and ASYLDs disparities are observed, though the disease burden has intensified in countries with lower SDI levels. Projections indicate that by 2045, while the prevalence and years lived with disability for HF caused by IHD will increase, the ASPR and ASYLDs are expected to decrease.

Conclusion
The global burden of HF due to IHD remains a significant concern. Urgent improvements in the allocation of medical resources and the implementation of effective prevention and management strategies are necessary to address this issue.
“The Butcher on the Bus” Is Less Familiar to Older Adults Than She Is to Younger Adults
Authors: Myftaraj Evi , Skrepnek Olivia , Anderson Nicole D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The “butcher on the bus” is a term describing recognizing someone as familiar but failing to recollect how we know them. Previous studies probing this phenomenon have not used paradigms that mimic real life, and age-related differences have not been adequately addressed.

Methods
In two studies, younger and older adults studied faces in scene contexts a variable number of times. In the test phases, studied faces were presented identical to the study phase, new faces were presented with new scenes, or studied faces were presented in a different context. In Study 1, this different context was the face presented with new features (pose, hairstyle, and clothing) and in a new scene. In Study 2, this different context was the same scene, but with new features. Participants made recollect, familiar, or new judgments, as well as source memory judgments for each face.

Results
In both studies, younger adults had better recognition discrimination and recollection. The critical finding of both studies was that when faces were presented with new features, in either the same scene or a different scene, older adults did not find these faces as familiar as did younger adults.

Discussion
Age-related declines in face recognition when features change may affect social interactions and everyday recognition tasks, highlighting the need for further research and supportive strategies to assist older adults in recognizing people.
Advancing a geopolitical Europe: the new EU leadership and the Iranian conundrum
Authors: Naeni Amin , Kaunert Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since 2019 European leaders have emphasized the necessity for the European Union to proactively project power and embrace its geopolitical responsibilities. Although leaders have developed the concept of a ‘geopolitical EU’ as a new discourse, it remains largely unimplemented. Following the June 2024 elections to the European Parliament, a new EU leadership has taken shape amid escalating geopolitical risks that go beyond Russia's war in Ukraine. This development underscores the urgency of advancing a more robust geopolitical EU. The growing strategic power of Iran, which defines itself as a determined revisionist actor, is perceived as a critical challenge to Europe. This policy paper argues that the EU's current Iran policy is misaligned with its geopolitical ambitions, depicting Iran–EU relations as a geopolitical contestation between a defender and a challenger of the existing international order. In this context, the perspective of a geopolitical EU would create a foundation for the new EU leadership to formulate its foreign policy towards Iran. The EU should enhance institutional and policy coordination to elevate Iran's significance on its geopolitical agenda, and the bloc's new leadership needs to develop a cohesive geopolitical mindset within the EU's decision-making framework. The President of the European Commission should lead efforts to foster a unified approach, while the High Representative should build consensus among member states, aligning with the established geopolitical mindset to engage with Iran. Eventually, the new EU leadership needs to define clear geopolitical objectives and establish effective enforcement mechanisms through its diplomatic, political and economic assets.
Optimal sizing of PV/wind/diesel generator/battery hybrid system for supplying electrical vehicle charging station under different load demands in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Basem Ali , Elbarbary Zakaria Mohamed Salem , Atamurotov Farruh , Abdullayeva Iroda , Reyimberganov Anvar , Benti Natei Ermias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Knowing the effect of different load distributions on the optimized sizes of the hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) and the fixed price of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station can be useful to potential investors in this sector. Additionally, the amount of CO2 emission under different load demands can help decision-makers in the installation of environmentally friendly EV charging stations. Investigation of fixed prices of installing power stations under different load demands leads to know whether electricity sell prices, and serves by the station owners are economically or not. This would also lead to give a reliable and economical plan to customers by station owners, where both time of arrival and charging prices have a pivotal role. Unlike previous similar studies that mostly consider one type of load demand, this study investigates the optimized HRESs including Photovoltaic panel (PV), Wind Turbine (WT), Diesel Generator (DG), and Battery (Bat) under five different proposed load demands (as electricity serving plans), reaching to the best economic, environmental, and space optimality systems. Three main sensitivity analyses upon the capacity shortage/inflation rate, capital cost of PV/WT, and solar global horizontal irradiation (GHI)/wind speed show the effect of changing the mentioned parameters on the economic, environment, and optimized systems’ sizes. It is observed that increase in the solar radiation and/or wind speed leads to reduction in the optimal size of designed systems.
Phylogeny and evolution of larval feeding mode in the megadiverse superfamily Sciaroidea (Diptera)
Authors: Lim Wonseop , Bang Woo Jun , Baek Min Jeong , Park Sun-Jae , Shin Seunggwan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sciaroidea is a megadiverse clade within Diptera that exhibits diverse larval feeding modes. In this study, we explored the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of larval feeding modes within the superfamily using a fossil-calibrated time tree. We found that filtering out potentially fast-evolving sites altered the family-level tree topology, and that species within Sciaroidea incertae sedis might be crucial in determining the general tree topology. The most recent common ancestor of Sciaroidea was inferred to have originated in the Upper Triassic (~225 Ma). A major radiation of families occurred from the Uppermost Triassic to the Lowermost Jurassic (190–200 Ma). The ancestral larval feeding mode was inferred to be mycophagy. Most families retained this feature with only minor transitions occurring in some clades; however, Cecidomyiidae and Keroplatidae went through notable shifts in larval feeding mode. Cecidomyiidae underwent a transition from mycophagy to phytophagy in the Lower Cretaceous, in line with angiosperm radiation as suggested in previous studies. The larvae of stem Keroplatidae were inferred to be predators since the Jurassic. A transition back to mycophagy occurred within the subfamily Keroplatinae during the Paleogene to Uppermost Cretaceous, coinciding with the origin and radiation of species-rich mycophagous clades of other sciaroid families. Our study highlights the importance of taxon sampling and sequence filtering in phylogenetic analyses of Sciaroidea. We suggest, based on temporal patterns of lineage diversification, that the evolution of larval feeding modes within the group might be correlated with the diversification of mushroom-forming fungi and angiosperms.
Use of mobile applications and mental health services among veterans who received internet-connected tablets
Authors: Griffin Ashley C , Greene Liberty , Slightam Cindie , Wray Charlie M , Wielgosz Joseph , Kuhn Eric , Blonigen Daniel , Zulman Donna M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients receiving internet-connected tablets, we examined (1) app usage, (2) clusters of commonly used apps and patient characteristics across clusters, and (3) the relationship between app clusters and mental health services.

Materials and Methods
A survey was distributed to a national sample of VHA patients (n = 5449) within 6 months of tablet receipt. Self-reported app use was clustered with agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Survey data were combined with electronic health record data that included sociodemographics and mental health care utilization during the 6 months following survey completion. Differences in patient characteristics by cluster were examined using chi-square tests. A multivariable model assessed prediction of mental health services across app clusters.

Results
Among 1664 patients with complete survey and health care utilization data, the majority (74%) reported using at least 1 app. The most used apps were for video visits (60%) and VA’s patient portal (53%). Cluster analysis revealed 5 distinct groups reflecting app usage: Patient Portal (n = 685, 41%), Video Connection (n = 319, 19%), Treatment Companion (n = 166, 10%), Self-Management (n = 85, 5%), and Non-App Group (n = 409, 25%). Cluster characteristics varied, and those in the Patient Portal Group (adjusted odds ratio  = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.15-2.32) and Video Connection Group (adjusted odds ratio = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.02-2.26) were more likely to have a mental health visit in the 6 months after survey completion when compared to the Non-App Group (P &lt; .05).

Discussion
Tablet provision supports opportunities to use apps for multiple health management tasks, and app use clusters vary across patient characteristics and health care utilization.

Conclusion
Patients most commonly used apps to connect with their care team, and use of some apps and app combinations may improve engagement with mental health services.