bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungal communities living within leaves of native Hawaiian dicots are structured by landscape-scale variables as well as by host plants
Authors: Darcy JL , Switf SOI , Cobian GM , Zahn G , Perry BA , Amend AS 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA phylogenetically diverse array of fungi live within healthy leaf tissue of dicotyledonous plants. Many studies have examined these endophytes within a single plant species and/or at small spatial scales, but landscape-scale variables that determine their community composition are not well understood, either across geographic space, across climatic conditions, or in the context of host plant phylogeny. Here, we evaluate the contributions of these variables to endophyte beta diversity using a survey of foliar endophytic fungi in native Hawaiian dicots sampled across the Hawaiian archipelago. We used Illumina technology to sequence fungal ITS1 amplicons to characterize foliar endophyte communities across five islands and 80 host plant genera. We found that communities of foliar endophytic fungi showed strong geographic structuring between distances of seven and 36 km. Endophyte community structure was most strongly associated with host plant phylogeny and evapotranspiration, and was also significantly associated with NDVI, elevation, and solar radiation. Additionally, our bipartite network analysis revealed that the five islands we sampled each harbored significantly specialized endophyte communities. These results demonstrate how the interaction of factors at large and small spatial and phylogenetic scales shape fungal symbiont communities.
Development of a Covalent Inhibitor of Gut Bacterial Bile Salt Hydrolases
Authors: Adhikari Arijit A. , Seegar Tom C. , Ficarro Scott B. , McCurry Megan D. , Ramachandran Deepti , Yao Lina , Chaudhari Snehal N. , Ndousse-Fetter Sula , Banks Alexander S. , Marto Jarrod A. , Blacklow Stephen C. , Devlin A. Sloan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymes are widely expressed by human gut bacteria and catalyze the gateway reaction leading to secondary bile acid formation. Bile acids regulate key metabolic and immune processes by binding to host receptors. There is an unmet need for a potent tool to inhibit BSHs across all gut bacteria in order to study the effects of bile acids on host physiology. Here, we report the development of a covalent pan-inhibitor of gut bacterial BSH. From a rationally designed candidate library, we identified a lead compound bearing an alpha-fluoromethyl ketone warhead that modifies BSH at the catalytic cysteine residue. Strikingly, this inhibitor abolished BSH activity in conventional mouse feces. Mice gavaged with a single dose of this compound displayed decreased BSH activity and decreased deconjugated bile acid levels in feces. Our studies demonstrate the potential of a covalent BSH inhibitor to modulate bile acid composition in vivo.
An automated model reduction tool to guide the design and analysis of synthetic biological circuits
Authors: Pandey Ayush , Murray Richard M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present an automated model reduction algorithm that uses quasi-steady state approximation to minimize the error between the desired outputs. Additionally, the algorithm minimizes the sensitivity of the error with respect to parameters to ensure robust performance of the reduced model in the presence of parametric uncertainties. We develop the theory for this model reduction algorithm and present the implementation of the algorithm that can be used to perform model reduction of given SBML models. To demonstrate the utility of this algorithm, we consider the design of a synthetic biological circuit to control the population density and composition of a consortium consisting of two different cell strains. We show how the model reduction algorithm can be used to guide the design and analysis of this circuit.
Complex ecological phenotypes on phylogenetic trees: a hidden Markov model for comparative analysis of multivariate count data
Authors: Grundler Michael C. , Rabosky Daniel L. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe evolutionary dynamics of complex ecological traits – including multistate representations of diet, habitat, and behavior – remain poorly understood. Reconstructing the tempo, mode, and historical sequence of transitions involving such traits poses many challenges for comparative biologists, owing to their multidimensional nature and intraspecific variability. Continuous-time Markov chains (CTMC) are commonly used to model ecological niche evolution on phylogenetic trees but are limited by the assumption that taxa are monomorphic and that states are univariate categorical variables. Thus, a necessary first step when using standard CTMC models is to categorize species into a pre-determined number of ecological states. This approach potentially confounds interpretation of state assignments with effects of sampling variation because it does not directly incorporate empirical observations of resource use into the statistical inference model. The neglect of sampling variation, along with univariate representations of true multivariate phenotypes, potentially leads to the distortion and loss of information, with substantial implications for downstream macroevolutionary analyses. In this study, we develop a hidden Markov model using a Dirichlet-multinomial framework to model resource use evolution on phylogenetic trees. Unlike existing CTMC implementations, states are unobserved probability distributions from which observed data are sampled. Our approach is expressly designed to model ecological traits that are intra-specifically variable and to account for uncertainty in state assignments of terminal taxa arising from effects of sampling variation. The method uses multivariate count data for individual species to simultaneously infer the number of ecological states, the proportional utilization of different resources by different states, and the phylogenetic distribution of ecological states among living species and their ancestors. The method is general and may be applied to any data expressible as a set of observational counts from different categories.
Non-replication of functional connectivity differences in autism spectrum disorder across multiple sites and denoising strategies
Authors: He Ye , Byrge Lisa , Kennedy Daniel P 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA rapidly growing number of studies on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have used resting-state fMRI to identify alterations of functional connectivity, with the hope of identifying clinical biomarkers or underlying neural mechanisms. However, results have been largely inconsistent across studies, and there is therefore a pressing need to determine the primary factors influencing replicability. Here, we used resting-state fMRI data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange to investigate two potential factors: denoising strategy and data site (which differ in terms of sample, data acquisition, etc.). We examined the similarity of both group-average functional connectomes and group-level differences (ASD vs. control) across 33 denoising pipelines and four independently-acquired datasets. The group-average connectomes were highly consistent across pipelines (r = 0.92±0.06) and sites (r = 0.88±0.02). However, the group differences, while still consistent within site across pipelines (r = 0.76±0.12), were highly inconsistent across sites regardless of choice of denoising strategies (r = 0.07±0.04), suggesting lack of replication may be strongly influenced by site and/or cohort differences. Across-site similarity remained low even when considering the data at a large-scale network level or when considering only the most significant edges. We further show through an extensive literature survey that the parameters chosen in the current study (i.e., sample size, age range, preprocessing methods) are quite representative of the published literature. These results highlight the importance of examining replicability in future studies of ASD, and, more generally, call for extra caution when interpreting alterations in functional connectivity across groups of individuals.
Characterization of an enhancer element that regulates FOXP2 expression in human cerebellum
Authors: Madurga Julen , Novo Francisco J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHuman cerebellum is involved not only in motor control but also in several cognitive skills. In this work, our goal was to identify genomic enhancers responsible for the regulation of genes implicated in the development of this brain region. From an initial collection of Vista elements showing specific enhancer activity in mouse hindbrain, we found an enhancer element located within the final intron of FOXP2, a gene expressed in cerebellum and implicated in vocal communication and speech and language disorders in humans. Analysis of this enhancer using various computational resources suggests that it is a strong candidate to account for FOXP2 expression during cerebellar development. Two blocks within this region are deeply conserved in vertebrates; they are separated by a microsatellite sequence present only in eutherian mammals, and expanded in human genomes.
Sequence and immunologic conservation ofAnaplasma marginaleOmpA within strains from Ghana as compared to the predominant OmpA variant
Authors: Futse JE , Buami G , Kayang BB , Koku R , Palmer GH , Graça T , Noh SM 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA primary challenge in developing effective vaccines against obligate, intracellular, bacterial tick-borne pathogens that establish persistent infection is the identification of antigens that cross protect against multiple strains. In the case ofAnaplasma marginale, the most prevalent tick-borne pathogen of cattle found worldwide, OmpA is an adhesin and thus a promising vaccine candidate. We sequencedompAfrom cattle throughout Ghana naturally infected withA. marginalein order to determine the degree of variation in this gene in an area of suspected high genetic diversity. We compared the Ghanaian sequences with those available from N. America, Mexico, Australia and Puerto Rico. When considering only amino acid changes, three unique Ghanaian OmpA variants were identified. In comparison, strains from all other geographic regions, except one, shared a single OmpA variant, Variant 1, which differed from the Ghanaian variants. Next, using recombinant OmpA based on Variant 1, we determined that amino acid differences in OmpA in Ghanaian cattle as compared to OmpA Variant 1 did not alter the binding capacity of antibody directed against OmpA Variant 1, supporting the value of OmpA as a highly conserved vaccine candidate.
Substantive and symbolic strategies sustaining the environmentally friendly ideology
Authors: Chelli Mohamed , Durocher Sylvain , Fortin Anne 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to longitudinally explore the symbolic and substantive ideological strategies located in ENGIE’s environmental discourse while considering the specific negative media context surrounding the company’s environmental activities.

Design/methodology/approach
Thompson’s (2007) and Eagleton’s (2007) theorizations are used to build an extended ideological framework to analyze ENGIE’s environmental talk from 2001 to 2015.

Findings
ENGIE drew extensively on a combination of symbolic and substantive ideological strategies in its annual and sustainability reports while ignoring several major issues raised in the press. Its substantive ideological mode of operation included actions for the environment, innovation, partnerships and educating stakeholders/staff, while its symbolic ideological mode of operation used issue identification, legal compliance, rationalization, stakeholders’ responsibilization and unification. Both ideological modes of operation worked synergistically to cast a positive light on ENGIE’s environmental activities, sustaining the ideology of a company that reconciles the irreconcilable despite negative press coverage.

Originality/value
This paper develops the notion of environmentally friendly ideology to analyze the environmental discourse of a polluting company. It is the first to use both Thompson’s and Eagleton’s ideological frameworks to make sense of corporate environmental discourse. Linking corporate discourse with media coverage, it further contributes to the burgeoning literature that interpretively distinguishes between symbolic and substantive ideological strategies by highlighting the company’s progressive shift from symbolic to more substantive disclosure.
Adoption of Big Data analytics in construction: development of a conceptual model
Authors: Ram Jiwat , Afridi Numan Khan , Khan Khawar Ahmed 
Published: May 2019

PurposeBig Data (BD) is being increasingly used in a variety of industries including construction. Yet, little research exists that has examined the factors which drive BD adoption in construction. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap in knowledge.Design/methodology/approachData collected from literature (55 articles) were analyzed using content analysis techniques. Taking a two-pronged approach, first study presents a systematic perspective of literature on BD in construction. Then underpinned by technology–organization–environment theory and supplemented by literature, a conceptual model of five antecedent factors of BD adoption for use in construction is proposed.FindingsThe results show that BD adoption in construction is driven by a number of factors: first, technological: augmented BD–BIM integration and BD relative advantage; second, organizational: improved design and execution efficiencies, and improved project management capabilities; and third, environmental: augmented availability of BD-related technology for construction. Hypothetical relationships involving these factors are then developed and presented through a new model of BD adoption in construction.Research limitations/implicationsThe study proposes a number of adoption factors and then builds a new conceptual model advancing theories on technologies adoption in construction.Practical implicationsFindings will help managers (e.g. chief information officers, IT/IS managers, business and senior managers) to understand the factors that drive adoption of BD in construction and plan their own BD adoption. Results will help policy makers in developing policy guidelines to create sustainable environment for the adoption of BD for enhanced economic, social and environmental benefits.Originality/valueThis paper develops a new model of BD adoption in construction and proposes some new factors of adoption process.
KEFST: a knowledge extraction framework using finite-state transducers
Authors: Mahmood Ahsan , Khan Hikmat Ullah , Rehman Zahoor Ur , Iqbal Khalid , Faisal Ch. Muhmmad Shahzad 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this research study is to extract and identify named entities from Hadith literature. Named entity recognition (NER) refers to the identification of the named entities in a computer readable text having an annotation of categorization tags for information extraction. NER is an active research area in information management and information retrieval systems. NER serves as a baseline for machines to understand the context of a given content and helps in knowledge extraction. Although NER is considered as a solved task in major languages such as English, in languages such as Urdu, NER is still a challenging task. Moreover, NER depends on the language and domain of study; thus, it is gaining the attention of researchers in different domains.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a knowledge extraction framework using finite-state transducers (FSTs) – KEFST – to extract the named entities. KEFST consists of five steps: content extraction, tokenization, part of speech tagging, multi-word detection and NER. An extensive empirical analysis using the data corpus of Urdu translation of Sahih Al-Bukhari, a widely known hadith book, reveals that the proposed method effectively recognizes the entities to obtain better results.

Findings
The significant performance in terms of f-measure, precision and recall validates that the proposed model outperforms the existing methods for NER in the relevant literature.

Originality/value
This research is novel in this regard that no previous work is proposed in the Urdu language to extract named entities using FSTs and no previous work is proposed for Urdu hadith data NER.
Multifocus image fusion based on coefficient significance of redundant discrete wavelet transform
Authors: Liu Jianhua , Geng Peng , Ma Hongtao 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This study aims to obtain the more precise decision map to fuse the source images by Coefficient significance method. In the area of multifocus image fusion, the better decision map is very important the fusion results. In the processing of distinguishing the well-focus part with blur part in an image, the edge between the parts is more difficult to be processed. Coefficient significance is very effective in generating the better decision map to fuse the multifocus images.

Design/methodology/approach
The energy of Laplacian is used in the approximation coefficients of redundant discrete wavelet transform. On the other side, the coefficient significance based on statistic property of covariance is proposed to merge the detail coefficient.

Findings
Due to the shift-variance of the redundant discrete wavelet and the effectiveness of fusion rule, the presented fusion method is superior to the region energy in harmonic cosine wavelet domain, pixel significance with the cross bilateral filter and multiscale geometry analysis method of Ripplet transform.

Originality/value
In redundant discrete wavelet domain, the coefficient significance based on statistic property of covariance is proposed to merge the detail coefficient of source images.
Insider trading – unsolved issues
Authors: Teichmann Fabian Maximilian Johannes 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to show that, despite the development of prevention mechanisms for banks, undetected insider trading remains highly feasible. It, thereby, highlights that the current anti-insider-trading mechanisms, on which previous literature has extensively focused, can be easily circumvented.Design/methodology/approachA two-step research process was employed. First, informal interviews were conducted with illegal financial services providers. Second, 50 compliance experts and law enforcement officers were formally interviewed. Responses from both sets of interviewees were subjected to quantitative content analysis to yield empirical findings.FindingsConcrete and specific methods of insider trading and limiting the risks of being prosecuted were reported by interviewees. They suggested that the use of strawmen and offshore banks greatly facilitate insider trading.Research limitations/implicationsThe perspectives of the 100 interviewees have not been quantitatively tested.Practical implicationsSuggestions on how to more effectively combat insider trading are provided for financial institutions and compliance officers.Originality/valueAlthough the empirical findings are based on conditions in Europe, the results have potential global application.
The effect of corruption on bank profitability
Authors: Bolarinwa Segun Thompson , Soetan Funmi 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effect of corruption on bank profitability.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts panel cointegration, differenced generalized method of moments (GMM) and system GMM.FindingsThe empirical results show that corruption is important in explaining the profitability of commercial banks in both developed and emerging countries. While it has mixed effects in emerging countries, only positive effect is validated in developed countries.Research limitations/implicationsMacroeconomic measures of corruption are adopted in the study.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature on corruption and bank profitability by reporting evidence from both developed and developing countries. Existing papers have only concentrated on developing countries.
Anti-corruption reporting in emerging country multinationals
Authors: Vale José , Branco Manuel Castelo 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Based on a lens of analysis combining legitimacy and stakeholder theories, this paper aims to explore some factors which influence anti-corruption (AC) reporting in large multinationals from emerging countries.

Design/methodology/approach
An ordinal logistic regression is used to assess the relation between the AC reporting and multinationals’ industrial affiliation, number of countries of operations, membership of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) and public ownership. The sample was drawn from the 2016 Transparency International Report “Transparency in Corporate Reporting – Assessing Emerging Market Multinationals”.

Findings
Evidence suggests that in emerging countries, listed multinationals, which operate in a large number of countries or are members of the UNGC, present significant levels of AC reporting. Unexpectedly, results also suggest that such reporting is not significantly affected by the corruption risk level of the industries to which the multinationals belong. Finally, results suggest that in emerging markets, the dependency for resources may also affect AC reporting.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the extant literature, by exploring different determinants of AC reporting, namely, a thus far unexplored one: public vs private ownership. This paper also contributes to the literature by providing insights into the relationships in a specific context: that of emerging countries. Finally, the reliance on the international community for the provision of resources is shown as a factor that potentially affects AC reporting.
Subjective norm vs dogmatism: Christian consumer attitude towards Islamic TV advertising
Authors: Aji Hendy Mustiko , Dharmmesta Basu Swastha 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
With concern on cross-religion research, this study aims to examine Christian consumer attitude towards Islamic TV advertising in Indonesia. This study includes together both subjective norm and dogmatism in an analysis as moderating variables.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey for 186 sample respondents was conducted to test nine hypotheses. Multi-group moderation test was conducted to test the moderation effect of subjective norms and dogmatism on the model.

Findings
The results indicate that Christian intrinsic religiosity has a significant negative relationship with Islamic TV advertising credibility. Consumers’ attitudes towards Islamic TV advertising are proven to be the consequence of Islamic TV advertising credibility, even if the relationship is inverted. Moreover, this study concludes that subjective norms and dogmatism significantly moderate the relationship between Islamic TV advertising credibility and attitudes towards Islamic TV advertising differently. Subjective norms tend to weaken the relationship, while dogmatism strengthens it.

Research limitations/implications
During the process of this study, the authors uncovered three research limitations. First, too many measurement items for dogmatism eliminated from the analysis. Second, having balanced proportion for the high and low group has become the concern of this study, Third, a sample size of 186 is not adequate for such a complex model.

Practical implications
Managers should employ endorsers with multi-faceted images who can be accepted by all segments of society to combat the negative perception and attitudes of Christian consumers on Islamic attributes in TV advertising.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature on cross-religion marketing research, especially on the topic of advertising, by comparing the internal influence (dogmatism) and external influence (subjective norm) on attitude towards Islamic TV advertising.