bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Transcriptome Profiles between Human Retinoblastoma Y79 Cells and an Etoposide-resistant Subline Reveal a Chemoresistance Mechanism
Authors: Song Wen-ping , Zheng Si , Yao Hong-juan , Zhou Xiao-fei , Li Rui , Zhang Cheng-yue , Zhao Jun-yang , Wang Lie-wei , Shao Rong-guang , Li Liang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most frequent pediatric retinal tumor. In the present study, to elucidate chemoresistance mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers in RB, we utilized RNA sequencing (RNAseq) technological platforms to reveal transcriptome profiles and identify any differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between an etoposide drug-resistant subline (Y79/EDR) and parental Y79 cells.
Methods: To test whether Y79/EDR cells showed resistance to antineoplastic agents for RB, we treated the cells with etoposide, carboplatin and vincristine and analyzed them with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Y79/EDR and parental Y79 cells were used for RNAseq and bioinformatics analysis to enable a genome-wide review of DEGs between the two lines using the DESeq R package (1.10.1). Then, DEG enrichment in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways was analyzed with KOBAS software. Next, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and cytotoxicity assays were performed to experimentally and functionally validate the identified candidate biomarkers.
Results: Y79/EDR cells showed resistance to etoposide, carboplatin and vincristine at different concentrations. In total, 524 transcripts were differentially expressed in Y79/EDR cells based on analysis of fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped (FPKM); among these, 57 genes were downregulated and 467 genes were upregulated in Y79/EDR cells compared to parental Y79 cells. We selected candidate DEGs, including ARHGAP9, HIST1H4H, RELN, DDIT4, HK2, STC1 and PFKFB4, for mRNA expression validation with QRT-PCR assays and found that the expression levels determined by QRT-PCR were consistent with the RNAseq data. Further studies involving downregulation of ARHGAP9 with a specific siRNA pool showed that ARHGAP9 altered the cellular sensitivity of Y79 cells to etoposide and carboplatin.
Conclusion: Our initial findings provided a genomic view of the transcription profiles of etoposide-induced acquired resistance in RB. Follow-up studies indicated that ARHGAP9 might be a chemoresistance biomarker in RB, providing insight into potential therapeutic targets for overcoming acquired chemoresistance in RB. These findings can aid in understanding and overcoming chemoresistance during treatment of RB in the clinic.
External Inputs and Livestock for Organic Hill Land Farming Systems in Appalachia
Authors: Basweti Evans A. , Mata Domingo J. , Goff Ben M. , Kotcon James B. , Bryan William B. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Integrating annual crops and livestock will benefit production and soil quality.
Integrating organically produced annual crops into low external input grazing livestock systems will increase livelihood of hill land farmers.
High external inputs increase organic crop production and soil quality.
Hill land farmers, especially in Appalachia, are usually low external input grassland‐based livestock producers with low output per hectare. Most of their land is unsuitable for annual crop production. Very little research has been published on organic crop production incorporated into livestock farming systems on hill land. Our objective was to compare the effects of four such systems on crop production and soil test results. The experiment had two fixed rotations, 4 and 7 yr, with two treatments at two levels. Treatments were low and high external inputs, without and with livestock, using three replications. All treatments had the same four annual crops in the same sequence. The with‐livestock treatments had an additional 3 yr grass–legume ley. Sheep (Ovis aries) grazed the with‐livestock treatment fields. Initiated in 1999, the experiment was terminated in 2011. Production of all crops and cover crops and soil organic matter (OM) was higher on systems with high external inputs than on systems with low external inputs. Under low external inputs the system with livestock produced more wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and soil OM and available K were higher compared with the system without livestock. We conclude that integrating crops and livestock in a farming system can increase soil quality and crop productivity. Furthermore, Appalachian livestock farmers could increase stocking rate by implementing an integrated crop livestock system irrespective of level of external inputs. A major barrier to such integration is the lack of experience in applying good management practices to livestock, crops, and grassland.
Soil Carbon Changes Following Conversion to Annual Biofuel Feedstocks on Marginal Lands
Authors: Maw Michael J.W. , Goyne Keith W. , Fritschi Felix B. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Five‐year study examined soil C changes from three annual biofuel crops.
Soil organic C and a labile C fraction (active C) were measured.
High biomass sorghum has greater potential than corn to maintain or increase soil C.
Emerging annual biofuel feedstock systems could impact the midwestern US marginal soils through soil C sequestration. Yet, the short‐term impact by these potential cropping systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations is largely unknown. A two‐site, 5‐yr study was conducted to determine the effects on SOC pools by converting land use from a minimally managed perennial grassland on marginal lands to annual bioenergy feedstock production. Maize (Zea mays L.), sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and high biomass sorghum (HBS) were each grown in rotation with soybean (Glycine max L.) and soil samples were collected in the first, second, and fifth years, then analyzed for differences among the cropping systems in SOC and active carbon fraction (AC) concentrations. Additionally, in the fifth year, soil from the adjoining undisturbed grassland was analyzed against the cropping systems and C fraction stocks determined. Concentrations of SOC and AC decreased over the first 2 yr at both sites, but SOC concentrations rebounded near to initial levels after 5 yr. The central Missouri site maintained greater SOC and AC concentrations than the southwestern Missouri site. A slight increase in AC concentration occurred from year 2 to 5 at the southwestern Missouri site, suggesting beneficial effects from the biofuel feedstocks. In contrast, AC concentrations continued to decrease at the central Missouri site. Crop rotation treatments revealed that continued HBS–soybean rotation beyond the 5th yr has the potential to increase C concentrations and stocks at depth (10–20 cm) compared to a maize–soybean rotation.
Subsurface Organic Amendment Plus Plastic Mulching Promotes Salt Leaching and Yield of Sunflower
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Pang Huancheng , Lu Chuang , Zhang Xu , Li Yuyi 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Salt reduction effect of organic amendment with mulch intensified with years.
Organic amendment gradually reduced soil pH within the 10‐ to 40‐cm layer.
Organic amendment increased the soil organic matter and available nutrients.
The sunflower yield was highest under the organic amendment with plastic mulching.
In order to evaluate the effects of subsurface organic amendment plus plastic mulching on soil salinity, soil pH, available nutrients and crop growth on saline–alkali soils, four management practices were conducted in 2015–2016, including plowing without plastic mulching (CK), plowing plus plastic mulching (PM), subsurface (10–30 cm) treatment with organic manure (OM), and OM plus plastic mulching (PM + OM). The result showed that OM and PM + OM enhanced the salt leaching after irrigation and regulated salt distribution to facilitate crop growth. Compare with CK, OM , and PM + OM reduced pH of 10to 30 cm by 0.36 to 0.6 in 2015 and 0.30 to 0.45 in 2016 (P < 0.05), respectively. Relative to that of CK, soil organic matter, available N, P, and K of 0 to 40 cm under OM and PM + OM increased by 53.77 to 73.11%, 63.65 to 69.51%, 406.06 to 381.31%, 266.42 to 229.80% in 2015, and by 45.06 to 68.38%, 52.25 to 49.34%, 603.23 to 612.75%, 166.32 to 132.88% in 2016 (P < 0.05). Compared with CK and PM, PM + OM increased sunflower yield by 45.08 and 19.37% in 2015, by 24.29 and 6.62% in 2016 (P < 0.05), mainly due to a reduction of pH, the increase of soil organic matter and available nutrient, high water after irrigation as well as regulation of the water and salt. Therefore, amending the subsurface layer with organic manure combined with plastic mulching is a viable option for improving sunflower production in the saline–alkali soil of Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia or other areas with similar soil conditions.
Stover Harvest did not Change Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Two Minnesota Fields
Authors: Johnson Jane M.F. , Barbour Nancy W. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission varied among years and between crops.
The N2O emissions were the same with or without stover harvest in a field without tillage.
The N2O emissions were the same with or without stover harvest in field with tillage.
The N2O emissions occurred after N fertilizer application in a tilled and no‐till field.
The N2O emissions occurred during spring freeze‐thaw in a tilled and a no‐till field.
Corn (Zea mays L.) is grown across vast acreages producing massive quantities of stover making corn a desirable cellulosic bioenergy feedstock. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) so small changes in direct soil N2O emissions may have substantial influence on global warming potential (GWP) from the agricultural sector. Harvesting stover alters soil properties such as soil moisture, oxygen availability, temperature, and substrate availability (C and N). Thus, harvesting stover might reduce soil N2O emissions by reducing substrate and by warming and drying the soil. The goal of the study was to determine how harvesting corn stover altered soil N2O emissions. Therefore, soil N2O emissions were measured for four crop‐years (planting to planting) in two independent studies, one in a field managed without tillage (NT1995) and the other was in a field tilled annually with a chisel plow (Chisel). Each field was in a corn–soybean (Glycine max L. [Merr.]) rotation, with (i) corn grain (Grain) only, (ii) grain plus about 50% of the stover harvested (Grain+Moderate), and (iii) grain plus harvesting as much stover as possible (Grain+Aggressive) treatments. Cumulative soil N2O emissions did not differ among treatments in either field during any of the crop‐years monitored. Flux events occurred corresponding to fertilizer applications and to spring freeze‐thaw events. Cumulative fertilizer stimulated emissions tended to be greater for corn than soybean because of N‐fertilizer application. These results are valuable to modelers for enhancing estimates of the N2O component of the stover management C‐footprint.
Dry‐Out Periods of Rain Sensors vs. Soil Dry‐Out: Water Saving Potential and Recommendations
Authors: Cardenas B. , Dukes M.D. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
No actual rain sensor dry‐out times have been compared with soil dry‐out times.
The rain sensors tested do not follow the dry‐out characteristics of the soil textures modeled.
An electronic mechanism to delay the rain sensor resuming to the operating mode is recommended.
Rain sensors (RSs) are devices that may help to irrigate residential landscapes more efficiently. When a predetermined amount of rain occurs, an RS interrupts the programmed irrigation cycle. When rainfall stops, RSs allow irrigation after a dry‐out period. However, no actual RS dry‐out times have been compared with soil dry‐out times. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the seasonal dry‐out periods of two RSs; (ii) to estimate the dry‐out periods of three soil textures (sand, loam, and clay loam) through a soil water balance model using numerical flow equations; (iii) to compare the dry‐out period of these soil textures to the dry‐out period of two RSs; and (iv) to propose recommendations for increased or decreased RS dry‐out period, if any. Existing RS dry‐out data from previous studies performed in Central Florida were assembled along with hourly weather data to estimate hourly turfgrass evapotranspiration (ETc). Precipitation data were used with ETc to simulate soil dry‐out, using the WAVE 3.0 model. Modeled soil dry‐out times were compared against actual RS dry‐out data. The average RS dry‐out time was not different between the RS brands tested, which was around 19 h. The dry‐out time of the sand‐textured soil was different from the loam and clay loam, which were similar to one another. The dry‐out times of the soils modeled were always above 52, 75, and 89 h for sand, clay loam, and loam, respectively. Therefore, these results show that the RSs tested do not follow the dry‐out characteristics of any of the soil textures modeled. An electronic mechanism that could delay the RSs resuming to the allowing irrigation mode is recommended to the industry.
UZIG Research: Measurement and Characterization of Unsaturated Zone Processes under Wide‐Ranging Climates and Changing Conditions
Authors: Trost Jared J. , Perkins Kimberlie S. , Henson Wesley , Mirus Benjamin B. , Nimmo John R. , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
This special section reviews Unsaturated Zone Interest Group (UZIG) multidisciplinary research.
These studies summarize UZIG studies on vadose zone properties and processes.
They summarize soil–plant–atmosphere processes and present two novel field sampling devices.
The need emerges for a consistent ground‐based unsaturated zone monitoring network.
Unsaturated zone properties and processes are central to understanding the interacting effects of land‐use change, contamination, and hydroclimate on our ability to grow food, sustain clean water supplies, and minimize loss of life and property. Advances in unsaturated zone science are being achieved through collaborations across traditional boundaries where information from biological, physical, and chemical disciplines is combined for new insights. The Unsaturated Zone Interest Group (UZIG) is an organization that exists principally to promote multidisciplinary collaborations and the sharing of ideas, expertise, and technical assets. Here we summarize key findings from 14 papers, several of which originated from a meeting convened by UZIG in 2017 at the University of Florida in Gainesville titled “Land‐Use Change, Climate Change, and Hydrologic Extremes: Unsaturated Zone Responses and Feedbacks.” This special section of Vadose Zone Journal contains multidisciplinary research in three general categories relevant to measuring and understanding unsaturated zone responses to changing land uses and climate: (i) unsaturated zone properties and processes; (ii) soil–plant–atmosphere interactions; and (iii) novel field sampling devices. A strong cross‐cutting theme in these papers is the value of continuous monitoring data and ways of utilizing them to discover novel hydrologic, biologic, and pedologic information. As climatic and land‐use conditions change and demands for resources and stresses on ecosystems continue to intensify, it is vital to improve our fundamental understanding of the processes at work in the unsaturated zone. Toward that goal, we discuss the need for improved ground‐based unsaturated zone monitoring networks.
Estudio sobre la economía circular como una alternativa sustentable frente al ocaso de la economía tradicional (primera parte)
Authors: Martínez Adriana Norma , Porcelli Adriana Margarita 
Published: December 2018

En las últimas décadas, el modelo económico actualmente predominante —denominado “economía marrón”— ocasionó el agotamiento de los recursos naturales y la degradación y pérdida generalizadas de los ecosistemas, lo cual ha dado espacio para que surja un modelo económico alternativo denominado la economía verde, y dentro del mismo, la economía circular. Una economía de ciclos cerrados, que imita los de la naturaleza para que sea más eficiente, racional y equilibrada, incorporando los esquemas de análisis del ciclo de vida de los productos, reutilizando los residuos. El presente trabajo forma parte de una investigación que analiza, entre otros, los impactos ambientales de la obsolescencia programada y la economía verde, desarrollada en el Departamento de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Luján. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar, en primer lugar, si la economía circular es una alternativa fiable y plausible para desarrollar un nuevo modelo que permita propiciar una cultura altamente sustentable y respetuosa del ambiente, sus pilares, las más destacadas prácticas empresariales ygubernamentales, a ese respecto, en el mundo y en Argentina, y, en segundo lugar, su recepción en las diferentes legislaciones y en la normativa voluntaria. Debido a la extensión del tema, el mismo se expone en dos partes y el presente artículo constituye la primera parte que desarrolla los principios y pilares fundamentales de la economía circular, analiza los argumentos de susdefensores como de sus detractores y exterioriza las prácticas empresariales más significativas en Argentina.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS ATIVIDADES DE AUTOCUIDADO DE PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS SOBRE OS PARÂMETROS BIOQUÍMICOS E ANTROPOMÉTRICOS
Authors: Lima do Carmo Raiza , Nunes Tatiane Dutra , Nunes Tatiele Dutra , Libardoni Karine Santos de Bona 
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de atividades de autocuidado por pacientes com Diabetes mellitus sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e antropométricos. Materiais e métodos: Estudo observacional prospectivo transversal, desenvolvido com pacientes diabéticos atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde na cidade de Santo Ângelo-RS. O instrumento de pesquisa utilizado para avaliar o autocuidado foi um Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com Diabetes. Foram feitas coletas de sangue para determinação de parâmetros bioquímicos, como glicose, colesterol total, Lipoproteína de alta e baixa densidade, além da determinação de parâmetros antropométricos, como o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e medidas da circunferência abdominal (CA) e do quadril (CQ) para cálculo de relação circunferência quadril (RCQ). Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o programa GraphPadPrim, sendo considerados significativos valores com p <0,05 Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 65 pacientes que possuíam diabetes tipo 2 (52% eram homens e 48% mulheres), com idade entre 30 e 83 anos, sendo que destes, 60% possuem Ensino fundamental incompleto. 51 pacientes apresentaram alta adesão ao autocuidado (grupo 1) e 14 pacientes se enquadraram com baixa adesão ao autocuidado (grupo 2). O grupo 2 apresentou valores significativamente mais elevados nos parâmetros CA, CQ e RCQ, assim como nos níveis de Colesterol Total e triglicerídeos. Ainda, 39% dos pacientes do grupo 1 e 57% dos pacientes do grupo 2 apresentaram-se obesos. Conclusão: Com o presente estudo confirma-se que o autocuidado pode influenciar nos parâmetros bioquímicos e antropométricos dos pacientes diabéticos, sendo as alterações observadas de acordo com o grau de autocuidado dos pacientes.
Metabolomic responses of an estuarine benthic amphipod to heavy metals at urban-runoff concentrations
Authors: Yanagihara M. , Nakajima F. , Tobino T. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Heavy metals released from urban areas have toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Heavy metals in aquatic environments exist in various forms and methods designed to assess their effects need to consider their bioavailability. This study aimed to explore biomarkers in an estuarine amphipod, Grandidierella japonica, for exposure to heavy metals using metabolomics. We exposed G. japonica to different heavy metals and analyzed their metabolomes using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to extract biomarkers of exposure for each heavy metal. As a result, three models were built to predict discrimination based on metabolomic profiles, and 70, 106, and 168 metabolites were extracted as biomarkers for exposure to Cu, Zn, and Cd, respectively. Our results suggest that PLS-DA was effective in extracting biomarkers, and this study demonstrated the usefulness of metabolomics as biomarkers.
Prognostic Impact of Lymphadenectomy in Different Stages of Malignant Germ Cell Tumor of the Ovary Based on Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Chen Ying , Ning Yang , Zhang Qinghua , Xie Ying 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Lymphadenectomy has been widely used in the treatment of malignant
germ cell tumor of the ovary (OGCT), which is a kind of ovarian cancers occurred mostly in young
women and adolescent girls. But the clinical decision mainly depends on the doctor’s experience
without a well-defined guideline. This population-based study aimed to evaluate the prognostic
impact of lymphadenectomy in different stages of malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary.

Methods:
Patients with known status of lymphadenectomy in different stages of OGCT were
explored from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database from
1973 to 2013. We used propensity score matching algorithm to reduce the selection bias between the
two study groups. Survival curves, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were
applied to evaluate the prognostic impact of lymphadenectomy in different stages of OGCT.

Results:
We included 1,996 OGCT patients in the study, and 818 (41%) of them had lymph node
resection. Compared to the LND- group, patients with lymph node resection tended to be at stage II
and III, had larger tumor sizes and diagnosed as dysgerminoma. The influence of diagnosis ages,
marital status and tumor grades were significantly decreased by applying the propensity score
matching. Lymphadenectomy-positive (LND+) group demonstrated significantly worse survival than
the lymphadenectomy-negative (LND-) group in later stages (stage III, overall, P=0.027, cancerspecific,
P=0.006; stage IV, overall, P=0.034, cancer-specific, P=0.037). While, both the overall and
cancer-specific survival showed no significant differences between LND+ and LND- in stage I
(overall, P=0.411, cancer-specific, P=0.876) and stage II (overall, P=12, cancer-specific, P=0.061).
Univariate (overall, HR=1.497, CI=1.010-2.217, P=0.044; cancer-specific, HR=1.524, CI=1.067-
2.404, P=0.050) and multivariate (overall, HR=1.580, CI=1.046-2.387, P=0.030; cancer-specific,
HR=1.661, CI=1.027-2.686, P=0.039) Cox proportional model both verified the association between
the lymph node resection and better survival in the whole cohort.

Conclusion:
Lymphadenectomy significantly increased the survival probability of OGCT patients in
stage III and IV, but had no significant influence on early-stage patients (stage I and II), indicating
lymphadenectomy should be performed in a stage-dependent manner in clinical utility.