bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel simulator model and standardized assessment tools for fine needle aspiration cytology training
Authors: Alcaraz‐Mateos Eduardo , Jiang Xiaoyin “Sara” , Mohammed Ahmed Abdelraheem Reda , Turic Iva , Hernández‐Sabater Laura , Caballero‐Alemán Fuensanta , Párraga‐Ramírez Manuel José , Poblet Enrique 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesFine needle aspiration (FNA) is an invaluable diagnostic procedure for evaluation of lesions; however, acquisition of diagnostic material is dependent on the skill of the practitioner. We report a novel patient simulator for teaching the FNA procedure and structured assessment tools for educators and learners.MethodsWe created a novel simulator model for FNA training, employed a standardized teaching module, and assessed procedure utility in medical students. Groups of students completed training using a commercial version of the model, and underwent structured evaluation using an Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) form, and the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) tool.ResultsIn the initial phase, 178 students rated the training workshop between valuable and essential (4.2 on a 5‐point Likert scale). In the second phase, for students evaluated with the OSATS form, the mean overall score was 33 out of 50 (range 26‐43). The areas of weakness for the participants were: (a) compression after the FNA procedure, (b) completion of the informed consent, and (c) correct explanation of the procedure to the patient. For the group of students that completed the DASH questionnaire, the results were: 6.2 (assessment by students) and 6.7 (assessment by instructor) out of a maximum of 7.ConclusionA realistic simulation model, in combination with a standardized training program with formal assessment methods is a valuable tool to teach FNA. We here describe a process for teaching the FNA procedure to interested educators and learners.
Effect of Syringic acid on antioxidant biomarkers and associated inflammatory markers in mice model of asthma
Authors: Li Yinfang , Zhang Li , Wang Xiaohua , wu wei , Qin Rui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAsthma is termed as the induction of chronic inflammation in the airway lumen of lungs due to accumulation of inflammatory cells which affects normal breathing process. Prolonged accumulation of inflammatory cells leads to oxidative stress and suppression of antioxidant activities. Therefore, in our present investigation, a potential phenolic compound, Syringic acid was tested for the suppression of inflammatory markers toward an antiasthmatic activity in ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced asthmatic mice model. As a result, the Syringic acid treatment was found to suppress the inflammatory cells; eosinophil, neutrophil, macrophage, lymphocyte, and other inflammatory markers including IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, and TNF‐α in the BALF of OVA‐induced asthmatic mice. Similarly, IgE levels were significantly reduced in the blood serum of Syringic acid treated mice groups. In this context, the IFN‐γ levels were found enhanced in the BALF of Syringic acid treated asthmatic mice groups, expressing an anti‐inflammatory response. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GSH levels were found high in the Syringic acid treatment than the asthmatic control group, which depicts the antioxidant response of Syringic acid on asthmatic groups. Intriguingly, the ROS, NO2, NO3, and MDA levels were inhibited in the BALF of Syringic acid treated mice groups. The airway hyper‐reactivity (AHR) was comparatively normal in the Syringic acid treatment as it was severe in the case of asthmatic control group. Consequently, the effect of Syringic acid is prominent in the treatment of asthma by controlling the accumulation of inflammatory cells, other inflammatory markers along with enhancement of antioxidant markers, suppression of ROS and controlling airway hyperreactivity. Hence, Syringic acid may be recommended for clinical trials in the treatment of asthma.
The interactive effects of predator stress, predation, and the herbicide Roundup
Authors: Relyea Rick A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs the number of studies examining the effects of contaminants grows, ecologists are becoming increasingly aware that contaminants can interact with natural stressors (e.g., competition and predator cues) in their effects on nontarget animals. In amphibians, predator cues can make contaminants more lethal under laboratory conditions, but the opposite outcome has been observed under more natural conditions with stratified water columns; stratification causes more pesticide to be present near the surface while predator cues scare spring‐breeding amphibians down to the benthos. I examined whether this phenomenon also occurs in three species of summer‐breeding amphibians (Hyla versicolor, Rana clamitans, and Rana catesbeiana) that were raised in outdoor mesocosms. Specifically, I asked how amphibian survival was affected by multiple concentrations of a common herbicide (glyphosate; commercial name: Roundup), the herbicide combined with chemical cues from predators (caged larval dragonflies; Anax junius), and the herbicide combined with lethal predators. Environmentally relevant concentrations of the herbicide caused high rates of tadpole mortality, but this outcome was substantially reversed by the addition of predator cues. With lethal predators, the tadpoles experienced such high mortality that the herbicide caused no additional effect. Roundup also induced morphological changes in Hyla versicolor, and the induced traits were different from those induced by predators. Collectively, these results suggest that while predator cues can make pesticides less lethal when thermal stratification occurs, highly lethal predators can overwhelm these effects. Thus, the impacts of such contaminants can be dramatically different in environments that do or do not contain high‐risk predators.
Species interactions cause non‐additive effects of multiple environmental stressors on communities
Authors: Thompson Patrick L. , MacLennan Megan M. , Vinebrooke Rolf D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCumulative ecological impacts of chronic, extreme, and often novel, anthropogenic environmental changes (i.e., stressors) often differ from the sum of their individual effects. Uncertainty over the causes of such non‐additivity among multiple stressors confounds forecasts of their net ecological impact. Although stressors can interact directly within the environment to mediate their combined effects on communities, species interactions likely also play key roles. Here, we use a simulation model to explore how species interactions cause community responses (changes in species richness and total biomass) to paired stressors to differ from what we would expect based on the individual effects of each stressor (the additive effect). We demonstrate how interspecific interactions cause communities to respond non‐additively to stressors, and how this depends on whether these interactions are negative or positive and whether the stressors have positive or negative impacts on the community property of interest. When pairwise species interactions involve at least one negative interaction (i.e., competition or predation), stressors combine to have greater than expected negative impacts (e.g., species or biomass loss) and less than expected positive impacts (e.g., biomass increases). In contrast, reciprocally positive interactions between species (i.e., facilitation) generally cause stressors to have additive, or slightly less than additive, net effects on species richness and community biomass. While species interactions determine the nature of the combined impact of multiple stressors (i.e., greater than or less than expected), species co‐tolerance and stressor timing (i.e., sequential vs simultaneous application) only modify the magnitude of this effect. These findings highlight how interactions among species can contribute to non‐additive responses by communities to environmental change, in addition to those caused by interactions among stressors themselves.
High precision tracing of soil and sediment movement using fluorescent tracers at hillslope scale
Authors: Hardy R.A. , Quinton J.N. , James M.R. , Fiener P. , Pates J.M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGenerating high resolution spatial information on the movement of sediment in response to soil erosion remains a major research challenge. In this paper we present a new tracing method that utilises LED (light emitting diode) light to induce fluorescence in a sand‐sized tracer, which is then detected, using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor in a commercial digital camera, at mm‐resolution without the need for removal of soil material. First, we detail two complementary, but independent, methods for quantifying the concentration of tracer from images: particle counting and an intensity based method. We show that both methods can produce highly resolved estimates of particle concentrations under laboratory conditions. Secondly, we demonstrate the power of the method for collecting spatial information on soil redistribution by tillage, with mm precision, over an approximately 50 m hillslope and vertically down the soil profile. Our work demonstrates the potential to collect quantitative time‐resolved data about soil movement without disturbing the soil surface which is being studied, and with it the possibility to parameterise or evaluate dynamic distributed soil erosion models or to undertake fundamental research focused on particle movement that has been impossible to conduct previously. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Influence of Electrolyte Scaffold Microstructure and Loading of MIEC Material on the Electrochemical Performance of RSOC Fuel Electrode
Authors: Maide M. , Lillmaa K. , Salvan L. K. , Möller P. , Uibu M. , Lust E. , Nurk G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPerovskite‐based mixed ionic electronic conductive (MIEC) oxides have been synthesized and studied as promising redox‐stable solid oxide cell (SOC) electrode materials. In order to enhance performance of MIEC electrode materials, influence of porous electrolyte structure as well as the loading of the electroactive material on the performance of La0.8Sr0.2Cr0.49Mn0.49Ni0.02O3‐δ – (Sc2O3)0.1(CeO2)0.01(ZrO2)0.89 (LSCMN‐ScCeSZ) and Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6‐δ (Sc2O3)0.1(CeO2)0.01(ZrO2)0.89 (SFM‐ScCeSZ) MIEC electrodes have been studied. The results indicated that pre‐calcination and milling process of ScCeSZ electrolyte powder increased the average pore sizes and the overall porosity of scaffolds by about 10 vol.%. However, due to the use of pre‐calcined electrolyte powder with increased particle sizes, specific area of electrolyte scaffolds and catalytic activity decreased at lower MIEC loadings. Porous scaffold with highest open porosity of 81% was used to study the influence of different MIEC materials at high loadings on the performance of composite electrodes. Results indicated that optimal loading depends on the properties of MIEC material and it was found to be 30 and 50 wt.% for SFM and LSCMN, respectively. The highest current density values 1.11 and 0.78 A cm−2 were measured for electrolysis mode at 850 °C, at potential 1.5 V and 30% of absolute humidity for SFM and LSCMN composite electrodes, respectively.
Transcriptome and cytogenetic profiling analysis of matched in situ/invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas from immunocompetent patients
Authors: García‐Díez Irene , Hernández‐Muñoz Inmaculada , Hernández‐Ruiz Eugenia , Nonell Lara , Puigdecanet Eulàlia , Bódalo‐Torruella Marta , Andrades Evelyn , Pujol Ramon M. , Toll Agustí 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough most cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) develop from actinic keratoses (AKs), the key events in this evolution remain unclear. We have combined the results of different genomic and expression array platforms on matched concomitant samples of sun‐exposed skin (SES), AK, and cSCC from 10 immunocompetent patients. Gene expression analysis and copy number alterations were assessed using GeneChip Human Gene 2.0 ST Array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) and CytoScan HD Cytogenetics Solution (Affymetrix) platforms, respectively. Integration of transcriptome and genome results was evaluated using the DR‐Integrator tool. Additional studies (qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot) were performed for selected genes. FOSL1 and BNC1 encode transcription factors whose expression was increased in cSCC in the expression array and the qPCR. By immunohistochemistry, FOSL1 showed an intense staining at the invasive front of cSCC samples and BNC1 expression varied from a nuclear (SES) to a cytoplasmic location (cSCC). Western blot analyses confirmed the enhancement of FOSL1 and BNC1. In addition, the smallest overlapping regions (SORIs) of genomic imbalance involving at least three of the samples were selected. One of the SORIs was a deletion in the p24.1 band of chromosome 3, shared by seven of the cSCCs. A strong correlation in the integration analysis was found for NEK10, a gene contained in the previously mentioned SORI. Loss of NEK10 expression in cSCC was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. In addition, functional studies in NEK10 depleted cells were performed. In conclusion, we identified FOSL1 and BNC1, which could act as tumor drivers, and NEK10, which could function as a tumor suppressor, to be differentially expressed during cSCC development.
Estimating cross‐population genetic correlations of causal effect sizes
Authors: Galinsky Kevin J. , Reshef Yakir A. , Finucane Hilary K. , Loh Po‐Ru , Zaitlen Noah , Patterson Nick J. , Brown Brielin C. , Price Alkes L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent studies have examined the genetic correlations of single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effect sizes across pairs of populations to better understand the genetic architectures of complex traits. These studies have estimated , the cross‐population correlation of joint‐fit effect sizes at genotyped SNPs. However, the value of depends both on the cross‐population correlation of true causal effect sizes () and on the similarity in linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in the two populations, which drive tagging effects. Here, we derive the value of the ratio as a function of LD in each population. By applying existing methods to obtain estimates of , we can use this ratio to estimate . Our estimates of were equal to 0.55 (
SE = 0.14) between Europeans and East Asians averaged across nine traits in the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging data set, 0.54 (
SE = 0.18) between Europeans and South Asians averaged across 13 traits in the UK Biobank data set, and 0.48 (
SE = 0.06) and 0.65 (
SE = 0.09) between Europeans and East Asians in summary statistic data sets for type 2 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, respectively. These results implicate substantially different causal genetic architectures across continental populations.
Accelerating low carbon industrial growth through carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS)
Authors: van Os Peter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA European consortium of science, industry and institutions joined forces during the final quarter of 2017 to collaborate in transforming six European industrial regions into economically robust low‐carbon centres by 2025. The ALIGN‐CCUS (Accelerating Low Carbon Industrial Growth through CCUS) project has financial backing from the participating countries and the European Union.In this interview, Peter van Os, of the Dutch research institute Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNO), who is leading the ALIGN‐CCUS project consortium, talks to GHG about the project. He explains how it is aligning a range of issues to bring about a paradigm shift in the perception and deployment of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in the EU and beyond.
Apathy and right caudate perfusion in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A case‐control study
Authors: Kanemoto Hideki , Kazui Hiroaki , Suehiro Takashi , Kishima Haruhiko , Suzuki Yukiko , Sato Shunsuke , Azuma Shingo , Matsumoto Takuya , Yoshiyama Kenji , Shimosegawa Eku , Tanaka Toshihisa , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesApathy is prevalent in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), a treatable disorder resulting from ventricular enlargement. We assessed the relationship between apathy and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with iNPH.MethodsBefore lumbo‐peritoneal shunt surgery (LPS), 56 iNPH patients were evaluated on apathy and dysphoria subscales of the Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), and were divided into two groups according to NPI apathy score: 15 without apathy (iNPH−APA) and 41 with apathy (iNPH+APA). Among iNPH+APA, 29 patients were evaluated for apathy and dysphoria 3 months after LPS, and were divided into two groups on the basis of the change in NPI apathy score: 13 with improvement (iNPH+ImpAPA) and 16 without improvement in apathy (iNPH−ImpAPA). N‐isopropyl‐p‐iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography using the autoradiography method was performed before and after LPS, and rCBF was calculated in 22 regions of interest in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system.ResultsIn iNPH+APA, rCBF in the right caudate nuclei before LPS was significantly lower than that in iNPH−APA (P = 0.004; two‐sample t test). Between iNPH−ImpAPA and iNPH+ImpAPA, a significant group‐by‐shunt interaction was observed for rCBF in only the right caudate nuclei (F1, 28 = 11.75, P = 0.002; two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance), with increased rCBF in iNPH+ImpAPA but not in iNPH−ImpAPA. The significant group‐by‐shunt interaction persisted if change in NPI dysphoria scores was used as a covariate (F1, 27 = 8.33, P = 0.008).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that right caudate dysfunction might cause apathy in iNPH patients.
Track density imaging in progressive supranuclear palsy: A pilot study
Authors: Nigro Salvatore , Bianco Maria Giovanna , Arabia Gennarina , Morelli Maurizio , Nisticò Rita , Novellino Fabiana , Salsone Maria , Augimeri Antonio , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by white matter (WM) changes in different supra‐ and infratentorial brain structures. We used track density imaging (TDI) to characterize WM microstructural alterations in patients with PSP‐Richardson's Syndrome (PSP‐RS). Moreover, we investigated the diagnostic utility of TDI in distinguishing patients with PSP‐RS from those with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls (HC). Twenty PSP‐RS patients, 21 PD patients, and 23 HC underwent a 3 T MRI diffusion‐weighted (DW) imaging. Then, we combined constrained spherical deconvolution and WM probabilistic tractography to reconstruct track density maps by calculating the number of WM streamlines traversing each voxel. Voxel‐wise analysis was performed to assess group differences in track density maps. A support vector machine (SVM) approach was also used to evaluate the performance of TDI for discriminating between groups. Relative to PD patients, decreases in track density in PSP‐RS patients were found in brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus, corpus callosum, and corticospinal tract. Similar findings were obtained between PSP‐RS patients and HC. No differences in TDI were observed between PD and HC. SVM approach based on whole‐brain analysis differentiated PD patients from PSP‐RS with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82. The AUC reached a value of 0.98 considering only the voxels belonging to the superior cerebellar peduncle. This study shows that TDI may represent a useful approach for characterizing WM alterations in PSP‐RS patients. Moreover, track density decrease in PSP could be considered a new feature for the differentiation of patients with PSP‐RS from those with PD.
Synthesis and molecular structure of functionalized tris[2‐(4′‐substituted butoxyphenyl)]phosphine oxides as precursors of tripodal ligands
Authors: Baulina Tat'yana V. , Kudryavtsev Igor Yu. , Smolyakov Alexander F. , Pasechnik Margarita P. , Brel Valery K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA series of tris[2‐(4′‐substituted butoxyphenyl)]phosphine oxides [2‐X(CH2)4OC6H4]3PO (X = OAc (2), OH (3), OSO2Me (4), Br (5), and N3 (6)) useful as precursors of new tripodal ligands have been prepared. Alkylation of initial tris(2‐hydroxyphenyl)phosphine oxide (1) resulted in triacetate 2, which was deprotected to triol 3. The latter has been converted into trimesylate 4, which has been treated with LiBr or NaN3 to give the corresponding tribromo or triazido derivatives 5 and 6, respectively. According to X‐ray diffraction, the molecules of compounds 2, 5, and 6 in crystal adopt conformation where two side arms are oriented to the same direction as the P=O group, while the third side arm is oriented in the opposite manner.
Postoperative radiotherapy for T1/2N0M0 mucoepidermoid carcinoma positive for CRTC1/3‐MAML2 fusions
Authors: Okumura Yoshihide , Murase Takayuki , Saida Kosuke , Fujii Kana , Takino Hisashi , Masaki Ayako , Ijichi Kei , Shimozato Kazuo , Tada Yuichiro , Nibu Ken‐ichi , Inagaki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend considering postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for completely resected T1/2N0M0 salivary mucoepidermoid carcinomas when they show tumor spillage, perineural invasion, or intermediate/high‐grade histology. CRTC1/3‐MAML2 fusions have been associated with a favorable clinical outcome.MethodsForty‐seven T1/2N0M0 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases positive for CRTC1/3‐MAML2 fusions were completely resected and were not treated with PORT.ResultsPathologically, none of the cases showed tumor spillage or perineural invasion. Cases with intermediate/high‐grade histology numbered 9 (19%) to 26 (55%) with the currently used 3 different grading systems. During the follow‐up (median 60 months), locoregional tumor recurrence occurred in 4 cases, which were treated with surgery alone. At the last follow‐up (median 60 months; 7‐160), all patients were alive with no evidence of disease.ConclusionAn excellent prognosis may be achieved without PORT in T1/2N0M0 mucoepidermoid carcinoma patients positive for CRTC1/3‐MAML2 fusions when the tumors are completely resected without tumor spillage.
Massive aneurysmal bone cyst of the skull base treated with denosumab
Authors: Asi Karim W. , Abdelmeguid Ahmed , Bell Diana , Hanna Ehab Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundAneurysmal bone cysts are rare, benign expansile tumors most commonly involving long bones and vertebrae in patients younger than age 20. Skull base involvement is rare. Aneurysmal bone cysts shares radiological and histological features with other bone tumors, posing a diagnostic challenge.Methods/ResultsWe report the case of a 32‐year‐old man who presented with facial pain, epistaxis, and cranial neuropathies secondary to a massive tumor of the maxillary sinus and anterior skull base. The tumor was originally misdiagnosed as osteosarcoma. However, genomic analysis revealed a rearrangement in the USP6 gene, elucidating a diagnosis of primary aneurysmal bone cysts. The patient was treated with denosumab. Within 5 months, the patient was asymptomatic with CT showing ossification of the tumor.ConclusionsThis case highlights (1) the utility of genomic analysis in aggressive bone tumors when the diagnosis is unclear and (2) the effectiveness of denosumab as a treatment for aneurysmal bone cysts when surgical resection is unfavorable.