bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community health workers supporting diverse family caregivers of persons with dementia: Preliminary qualitative results from a randomized home-based study
Authors: Lee Jung-Ah , Kim Julie , Rousseau Julie , Sabino-Laughlin Eilleen , Ju Eunae , Kim Eunbee Angela , Rahmani Amir , Gibbs Lisa , Nyamathi Adeline 
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives Culturally diverse informal caregivers of community-dwelling persons with dementia face challenges in accessing dementia care resources due to language barriers and cultural stigmas surrounding dementia. This study presents the perceived intervention experiences of a home-based approach which considers the cultural and linguistic needs of diverse family caregivers in dementia care. The intervention model includes home visits by trained bilingual, non-licensed community health workers (CHWs) whose cultural histories and understandings reflect that of the caregivers. The purpose of the present study was to understand family caregivers’ experience in caregiving and their feedback on the intervention, which includes caregiver support through education and skill development. Methods The present study thematically analyzed qualitative data from exit interviews with caregivers who participated in a CHW-led, 12-week home visit-based intervention program. Results Among 57 caregivers (mean age = 63.5, SD = 14.3) who participated in the 3-month home-visit intervention and completed the exit interviews, 33% were Korean Americans, 28% Vietnamese Americans, 21% non-Hispanic Whites, and 17.5% Latino/Hispanic. The majority were females (81%) and spouses (51%). Main themes include, (a) Individual Level: Improvements in Caregiving Self-efficacy and Self-care Awareness, (b) Relational Level: Enhanced Communications and Relationships with Persons with Dementia, and (c) Community Level: Connection and Access to Community Resources and Support. Conclusion Interview data show that the culturally and linguistically tailored program supported diverse caregivers by increasing self-care awareness, improving knowledge about dementia and dementia care, strengthening communication skills, and facilitating access to community resources. Strong rapport between CHWs and caregivers enhanced the effectiveness of the intervention. Future approaches can focus on supporting caregivers with especially limited resources.
Missiles and Misfits: Reimagining Home and Security for Queer Internally Displaced Persons From South Lebanon
Authors: Diab Jasmin Lilian 
Published: November 2024

Executive Summary This paper sheds light on the often-overlooked intersectionality of armed conflict, displacement, and sexual and gender identity, with a focus on the experiences of LGBTIQ+ internally displaced persons (IDPs) from South Lebanon amidst the ongoing armed conflict between Israel and Hezbollah. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study conducted 18 in-depth interviews with members of the displaced LGBTIQ+ community to capture the nuances of their lived experiences. Through thematic and narrative analysis, the research aims to uncover the multifaceted challenges faced by LGBTIQ+ individuals who have been internally displaced due to the protracted conflict. The findings highlight the intricate interplay between the external conflict dynamics and the internal struggles of sexual and gender minorities navigating displacement. Themes such as resilience, identity negotiation, discrimination, and community building emerge from the narratives, providing a rich and textured understanding of the intricate fabric of their lives. The paper not only contributes to the growing body of literature on conflict-induced displacement but also foregrounds the unique challenges and coping mechanisms employed by LGBTIQ+ individuals in the face of adversity. By amplifying the voices of those often silenced, this research seeks to inform policies and interventions that are more inclusive and responsive to the specific needs of internally displaced LGBTIQ+ populations in conflict settings, fostering a deeper understanding of the complexities inherent in their journeys of survival, resilience, and identity reconstruction.
System-Based Intervention for Medical Providers to Improve Dental Attendance in Adult Primary Care
Authors: Bales G.C. , Kim E.G.R. , Curtan S. , Selvaraj D. , Riedy C.A. , Heintschel G.P , Bruce R.D. , Albert J.M. , Kaelber D.C. , Nelson S. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: There are minimal evidence-based outcomes from clinical trials for medical-dental integration. This formative work and pilot study is a precursor to a larger cluster-randomized clinical trial in adult primary care practices to test an electronic health record (EHR) structured workflow for primary care providers (physicians/nurse practitioners [NPs]) and medical staff (medical assistants [MAs] and nurses) with oral health (OH) screening and referral for Medicaid-enrolled adults ≥55 years. Methods: This study was conducted in 2 practices with providers, medical staff, and older adults. Focus groups preceded the pilot study to gain stakeholder insights prior to the multilevel interventions of systems changes and provider education. The system-level EHR changes for medical staff included ask (OH screening), advise (visit dentist soon/annually), assess (need for referral: eReferral to co-located dentists or structured referral to community dentists), and connect (referral; resources). Provider education (didactic and skills) was based on the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM) to deliver OH facts to older adults at primary care visits. Descriptive analysis was used to report on process outcomes of reach, adoption, and implementation/fidelity. Results: After stakeholder input, the CSM-based didactic and skills curriculum was developed, and 4 physicians were trained. Changes in the Epic EHR were implemented, and 19 medical staff were trained in this new structured workflow together with physicians. In terms of reach, 83% (N = 80) of older adults were enrolled out of 96 approached (female: 66%; non-Hispanic: 83%; Caucasian: 43%). Workflow adoption was 100% of MAs completing the EHR questions and 89% of providers documenting giving OH facts. About 94% of older adults reported their physician giving them OH facts indicating implementation/fidelity of the intervention. About 60% of older adults reported no dental visits in the past year, and 66% requested eReferrals. Conclusion: This study presents an innovative systems-based multilevel intervention for medical-dental integration. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by practice leadership and clinicians when incorporating oral health into primary care for older adults. Considering adoption and implementation costs, this information could lead to a more complete approach to address oral health with patients.
Investigating social orienting in children with Phelan-McDermid syndrome and ‘idiopathic’ autism
Authors: San José Cáceres Antonia , Wilkinson Emma , Cooke Jennifer , Baskett Victoria , Blackmore Charlotte , Crawley Daisy Victoria , Durkin Allison , Halpern Danielle , Núñez María , Siper Page , Murphy Declan G. , Foss-Feig Jennifer , Kolevzon Alexander , Loth Eva 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by developmental delay/intellectual disability, absent or delayed speech, physical dysmorphic features and high rates of autistic features. However, it is currently unknown whether people with PMS have similar neurocognitive atypicalities to those previously identified in idiopathic autism. Disruption in social orienting has previously been suggested as an early hallmark feature of idiopathic autism that impacts social learning and social interaction.

Methods
This study used a semi-naturalistic task to explore orienting to social versus non-social stimuli and its relation to clinical features in individuals diagnosed with PMS, autism, and neurotypical children recruited in the United States and the United Kingdom.

Results
At the group level, autistic and neurotypical children responded on average more often to social than non-social stimuli, while children with PMS responded similarly to both stimulus types. Both clinical groups responded significantly less often to social stimuli than neurotypical children. In addition, we found considerable variability in orienting responses within each group that were of clinical relevance. In the autism group, non-social orienting was associated with mental age, while in the PMS group social and non-social orienting were related to strength of autistic features.

Conclusions
These findings do not support specific social motivation difficulties in either clinical group. Instead, they highlight the importance of exploring individual differences in orienting responses in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome in relation to autistic features.

Trial registration
NA.
Greater risk-taking by non-native than native shrimp: an advantage in a human-disturbed environment?
Authors: Gómez Alfredo Escanciano , Ipenburg Charlotte , Candolin Ulrika 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The invasion of non-native species into ecosystems is a growing human-induced problem. To control their spread and population growth, knowledge is needed on the factors that facilitate or impede their invasions. In animals, traits often associated with invasion success are high activity, boldness, and aggression. However, these traits also make individuals susceptible to predation, which could curb population growth. We investigated if a recent invader into the Baltic Sea, the shrimp Palaemon elegans, differs in risk-taking from a native shrimp, P. adspersus. We recorded activity, habitat choice, and response to perceived predation threat of both species.

Results
We found the invading shrimp to take greater risks than the native one; while the native shrimp adjusted its behaviour to habitat structure and exposure to a perceived predator, the non-native shrimp did not, and it resumed normal activity sooner after a perceived predation threat. Despite the greater risk taking by the non-native shrimp, its population has grown rapidly during the last two decades in the investigated area and is now larger than that of the native shrimp.

Conclusions
We discuss plausible explanations for the population growth of the invader, including the recent decline in predatory fishes that could have reduced the cost of risk-taking, and anthropogenic eutrophication that has increased food abundance could have allowed the population growth. These results stress the need to assess the optimality of the behaviours of both native and non-native species when investigating the factors that influence invasion success in human-disturbed environments.
Addressing psychological resilience and its determinants among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a three-wave longitudinal study in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Pan Lutong , Zhao Jingjing , Pang Mingli , Wang Jieru , Zhou Yue , Chen Rui , Liu Hui , Xu Xixing , Su Baochen , Nie Limei , Zhao Jiajia , Li Shixue , Li Jiajia , Li Hexian , Kong Fanlei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The relationship between public health emergencies and psychological distress had been well known, yet none research had been conducted on the trend in psychological resilience and its longitudinal determinants during the pandemic. This study aimed to explore the changes of psychological resilience of university students during COVID-19 pandemic, and further clarify the longitudinal relationship between family factors, mental health, social mentality and psychological resilience.

Methods
Questionnaires were distributed to students from five universities in Shandong Province, China during the COVID-19. A total of 1635 students were finally included in this three-wave follow-up study using stratified random sampling method. Mental health was assessed by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, social mentality was measured by the Bi-Dimensional Structure Questionnaire of Social Mentality, psychological resilience was evaluated by the Chinese version of the Psychological Resilience Scale. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the longitudinal changes of psychological resilience, generalized estimating equation (GEE) was conducted to estimate the determinants of psychological resilience.

Results
Psychological resilience changed from 28.37 in Wave 1, 29.10 in Wave 2, and 29.15 in Wave 3 among the university students. The students who majored in Art (β = 0.872, P = 0.032), parents (mother β = 0.546, P = 0.035; father β = 0.718, P = 0.012) had a greater influence on children’s personality, and positive social mentality (β = 5.725, P < 0.001) were more likely to report a higher psychological resilience. Being female (β=-0.932, P < 0.001), not being a student leader (β=-0.911, P < 0.001), being anxious (β=-1.845, P < 0.001) and depressed (β=-1.846, P < 0.001), and negative social mentality (β=-0.803, P < 0.001) were less likely to report a higher psychological resilience.

Conclusions
The psychological resilience of the university students in Shandong Province, China increased significantly from Wave 1 to Wave 3 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Majoring in Art, parents having a greater influence on children’s personality, better mental health, positive social mentality were more likely to report a higher psychological resilience, while female, not student leader, worse mental health, and negative social mentality were less likely to report a higher the psychological resilience.
Five-year tuberculosis trends analysis in eight districts of Mwanza region, Tanzania; (2017–2021)
Authors: Beyanga Medard , Chegou Novel N. , Walzl Gerhard , Mshana Stephen E. , Christa Kasang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
In Tanzania like other developing countries, TB detection is hindered by totally missed, late notification, and delayed diagnosis of active cases. Apart from having TB control strategies and interventions to detect patients and put them on treatment to cut down the chain of transmission, TB remains a health concern. Limited data exist on the burden and trends of tuberculosis in Mwanza, which includes fishing communities and living conditions that are associated with high TB transmission like overcrowding. This study aimed to determine tuberculosis trends in the Mwanza region of Tanzania for five years, from 2017 to 2021.

Methods
We extracted routine TB diagnostic data from 2017 to 2021 from eight districts of the Mwanza region of Tanzania from the electronic TB database. Data were captured in Microsoft Office Excel 2007 with district TB and leprosy coordinators and then imported into STATA 13 (Stata Corp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) for analysis. We estimated the TB case detection rate per 100,000 population.

Results
A total of 6,414 laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis cases were detected in eight districts of the Mwanza region in Tanzania from 2017 to 2021. The average tuberculosis detection rate in five years was 34.7 per 100,000 population. Overall, the TB detection rate was two times higher in people without HIV (30.5) compared to those infected with HIV; 13.4 per 100,000 population. Of the 15 rifampicin-resistant TB cases detected in the year 2018, 66.7% (10/15) were HIV-negative compared to 33.3% (5/15) infected with HIV.

Conclusion
The TB case detection rate decreased in Mwanza region from 43.9 in 2017 to 21.4 per 100,000 population in 2021. Other parameters were missing in the database, which indicates remarkable gaps in the established database to monitor TB management in the region. The program may consider investigating and improving the documentation of information necessary to attain its goals.
Health impacts of takeaway management zones around schools in six different local authorities across England: a public health modelling study using PRIMEtime
Authors: Rogers Nina Trivedy , Amies-Cull Ben , Adams Jean , Chang Michael , Cummins Steven , Derbyshire Daniel , Hassan Suzan , Keeble Matthew , Liu Bochu , Medina-Lara Antonieta , Savory Bea , Rahilly John , Smith Richard , Thompson Claire , White Martin , Mytton Oliver , Burgoine Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
In England, the number of takeaway food outlets (‘takeaways’) has been increasing for over two decades. Takeaway management zones around schools are an effective way to restrict the growth of new takeaways but their impacts on population health have not been estimated.

Methods
To model the impact of takeaway management zones on health, we used estimates of change in and exposure to takeaways (across home, work, and commuting buffers) based on a previous evaluation suggesting that 50% of new outlets were prevented from opening because of management zones. Based on previous cross-sectional findings, we estimated changes in body mass index (BMI) from changes in takeaway exposure, from 2018 to 2040. We used PRIMEtime, a proportional multistate lifetable model, and BMI change to estimate the impact of the intervention, in a closed-cohort of adults (25–64 years), on incidence of 12 non-communicable diseases, obesity prevalence, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and healthcare costs saved by 2040 in six local authorities (LAs) across the rural–urban spectrum in England (Wandsworth, Manchester, Blackburn with Darwen, Sheffield, North Somerset, and Fenland).

Results
By 2031, compared to no intervention, reductions in outlet exposure ranged from 3 outlets/person in Fenland to 28 outlets/person in Manchester. This corresponded to mean per person reductions in BMI of 0.08 and 0.68 kg/m2, respectively. Relative to no intervention, obesity prevalence was estimated to be reduced in both sexes in all LAs, including by 2.3 percentage points (PP) (95% uncertainty interval:2.9PP, 1.7PP) to 1.5PP (95%UI:1.9PP, 1.1PP) in males living in Manchester and Wandsworth by 2040, respectively. Model estimates showed reductions in incidence of disease, including type II diabetes (e.g. 964 (95% UI: 1565, 870) fewer cases/100,000 population for males in Manchester)), cardiovascular diseases, asthma, certain cancers, and low back pain. Savings in healthcare costs (millions) ranged from £1.65 (95% UI: £1.17, £2.25)/100,000 population in North Somerset to £2.02 (95% UI: £1.39, £2.83)/100,000 population in Wandsworth. Gains in QALYs/100,000 person were broadly similar across LAs.

Conclusions
Takeaway management zones in England have the potential to meaningfully contribute towards reducing obesity prevalence and associated healthcare burden in the adult population, at the local level and across the rural–urban spectrum.
Arachidonic acid impairs natural killer cell functions by disrupting signaling pathways driven by activating receptors and reactive oxygen species
Authors: Hammoud Mohamad K. , Meena Celina , Dietze Raimund , Hoffmann Nathalie , Szymanski Witold , Finkernagel Florian , Nist Andrea , Stiewe Thorsten , Graumann Johannes , von Strandmann Elke Pogge , Müller Rolf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
High levels of the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) within the ovarian carcinoma (OC) microenvironment correlate with reduced relapse-free survival. Furthermore, OC progression is tied to compromised immunosurveillance, partially attributed to the impairment of natural killer (NK) cells. However, potential connections between AA and NK cell dysfunction in OC have not been studied.

Methods
We employed a combination of phosphoproteomics, transcriptional profiling and biological assays to investigate AA’s impact on NK cell functions.

Results
AA (i) disrupts interleukin-2/15-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory genes by inhibiting STAT1-dependent signaling, (ii) hampers signaling by cytotoxicity receptors through disruption of their surface expression, (iii) diminishes phosphorylation of NKG2D-induced protein kinases, including ERK1/2, LYN, MSK1/2 and STAT1, and (iv) alters reactive oxygen species production by transcriptionally upregulating detoxification. These modifications lead to a cessation of NK cell proliferation and a reduction in cytotoxicity.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight significant AA-induced alterations in the signaling network that regulates NK cell activity. As low expression of several NK cell receptors correlates with shorter OC patient survival, these findings suggest a functional linkage between AA, NK cell dysfunction and OC progression.
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1: a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders
Authors: Loix Melanie , Vanherle Sam , Turri Marta , Kemp Stephan , Fernandes Karl J. L. , Hendriks Jerome J. A. , Bogie Jeroen F. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDisturbances in the fatty acid lipidome are increasingly recognized as key drivers in the progression of various brain disorders. In this review article, we delve into the impact of Δ9 fatty acid desaturases, with a particular focus on stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), within the setting of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and brain repair. Over the past years, it was established that inhibition or deficiency of SCD1 not only suppresses neuroinflammation but also protects against neurodegeneration in conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. This protective effect is achieved through different mechanisms including enhanced remyelination, reversal of synaptic and cognitive impairments, and mitigation of α-synuclein toxicity. Intriguingly, metabolic rerouting of fatty acids via SCD1 improves the pathology associated with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, suggesting context-dependent benign and harmful effects of SCD1 inhibition in the brain. Here, we summarize and discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying both the beneficial and detrimental effects of SCD1 in these neurological disorders. We explore commonalities and distinctions, shedding light on potential therapeutic challenges. Additionally, we touch upon future research directions that promise to deepen our understanding of SCD1 biology in brain disorders and potentially enhance the clinical utility of SCD1 inhibitors.