bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anger, sad, and blended expressions to contingency disruption in young infants
Authors: Sullivan Margaret W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThree studies elicited young infants’ (aged 17–23 weeks) anger and sad facial expressions during brief contingency disruptions to explore their potential organization over time as a biphasic process. Study 1 examined partial correlations among anger, sad, blended anger/sad, and neutral expressions during extinction in three extant, independently recruited samples. Across samples, all three negative expressions were inversely related to neutral expressions, but anger and sad expressions were not significantly correlated when anger/sad blends were controlled. Study 2 compared expressions during contingency and disruption minutes in two groups: one in which the disruption was an extinction phase (the absence of the formerly contingent event), or one in which the disruption was noncontingent presentations of the stimuli. Study 3 examined expression trajectories over time in two contingency and extinction sessions. Independent trajectories of anger and sad expressions occurred over time in Studies 2 and 3. Extinction and noncontingency differed in sad expression. The relation between expressions and blends also varied over time.
Functional diversity changes over 100 yr of primary succession on a volcanic island: insights into assembly processes
Authors: Karadimou E. , Kallimanis A. S. , Tsiripidis I. , Raus T. , Bergmeier E. , Dimopoulos P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChanges in species diversity following volcanic eruptions have been studied extensively, but our knowledge on functional diversity and community assembly under such conditions is very limited. Here, we study the processes following the destruction of vegetation after a volcanic eruption. Specifically, we investigate (1) the temporal patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity over time since a previous eruption (alpha diversity) and beta diversity, (2) the temporal patterns of 26 individual traits (vegetative characteristics, plant taxa ecological preferences, and regenerative characteristics) providing more detailed information on species strategies at the initial and later stages of succession, and (3) the processes driving species assembly and whether they changed over time since the eruption an eruption. We analyzed data recorded during five floristic censuses that took place between 1911 and 2011, calculated alpha and beta facets of taxonomic and functional diversity and examined how community structure changed over time, using 26 functional characteristics, based on their ability to discern primary from later colonists, including longevity, growth form, Ellenberg's indicator values, seed production and weight, flower size and sex, pollination type, and dispersal mode. Null model analysis was used to test whether the observed functional diversity deviates from random expectations. Alpha diversity, both taxonomic and functional, increased over time after an eruption, while beta diversity did not display a clear trend. This finding indicates that mainly abiotic processes determine species assembly over time after an eruption (at least for the time span studied here), contrary to theoretical expectations. It is most interesting that, simultaneously, some aspects of diversity indicated the effect of biotic interactions (facilitation and competition) on the assembly of species a few years after an eruption. This finding implies a legacy effect, since a high percentage of perennial species was noticed in the assemblage right after the eruption, as well as the effect of the harsh environmental conditions on the assembly of the plant communities. In conclusion, our results indicate the role of legacy effects in succession (most probably through the survival of underground plant parts) and underline the importance of disturbance history in providing the context needed for understanding effects of past events on succession.
A causal partition of trait correlations: using graphical models to derive statistical models from theoretical language
Authors: Cronin James Patrick , Schoolmaster Donald R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent studies hypothesize various causes of species‐level trait covariation, namely size (e.g., metabolic theory of ecology and leaf economics spectrum), pace‐of‐life (e.g., slow‐to‐fast continuum; lifestyle continuum), evolutionary history (e.g., phylogenetic conservatism), and ecological conditions (e.g., stabilizing selection). Various methods have been used in attempts to partition trait correlation among these influences (e.g., univariate analysis, principal components analysis, and factor analysis). However, it is not clear that the implied causal structure assumed by these methods matches the hypothesized causal structure driving trait correlations, a situation that can potentially lead to biased estimates and incorrect partitioning among mechanisms. Here, we propose the application of graphical causal models (GCM) for across‐kingdom synthesis and to aid researchers in their selection of correct analytical strategies. Graphical causal models use causal diagrams (i.e., box‐and‐arrow graphs) to represent expert knowledge of the data‐generating processes to analytically investigate the possibility of identifying hypothesized causal associations. We developed a causal diagram that synthesizes prominent hypotheses of trait covariation. Using the causal diagram, we (1) derived a quantitative expression to partition trait covariance among its hypothesized causal elements (i.e., size, pace‐of‐life, evolutionary history, and ecological conditions) and (2) developed analytic strategies to attribute trait covariance among the hypothesized causal elements under real‐world data availability, namely unobserved variables (i.e., pace‐of‐life) and confounding variables (i.e., evolutionary history and ecological conditions). Finally, we tested each analytic strategy by simulating trait datasets and, after incorporating the data limitations, tested their ability to correctly partition trait covariance. The analytical strategies were able to correctly partition trait covariance into the hypothesized causal elements of size, pace‐of‐life, and the historical effects of evolutionary history and ecological conditions. We demonstrate the efficacy of these strategies by applying them to a widely used trait dataset. Overall, the application of GCM revealed that researchers have used inappropriate measures to represent their theoretical constructs and have relied on analytical strategies that violated their causal assumptions, likely resulting in biased estimates. We discuss how this mismatch between theoretical language and statistical methods is prevalent in species‐level, trait‐based research and call for future studies to address these limitations.
Electrokinetics with blood
Authors: Chakraborty Suman 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicrofluidics based lab‐on‐a‐chip technology holds tremendous promises towards point‐of‐care diagnosis of diseases as well as for developing engineered devices aimed towards replicating the intrinsic functionalities of human bodies as mediated by blood vessel mimicking circulatory networks. While the analysis of transport of blood including its unique cellular constituents has remained to be the focus of many reported studies, a progressive interest on understanding the interplay between electric field and blood flow dynamics has paved a new way towards further developments from scientific engineering as well as clinical viewpoint. Here, we briefly outline the interconnection between electrokinetics and blood flow through micro‐capillaries, in an effort to address several challenging propositions in a wide variety of applications encompassing biophysical transport to medical diagnostics. We first present the fundamentals of interaction of electric field with cellular components. In conjunction with the unique rheological features of blood, we show that this interaction may turn out to be compelling for the use of electric fields for transporting blood samples through microfluidic conduits. We discuss the perspectives of both direct current and alternating current electrokinetics in the context of blood flow. In addition, we provide a brief outline of the concerned theoretical developments. We also bring out the relevant biophysical perspectives and focus on applications such as blood plasma separation and separation of circulatory tumor cells. Finally, we attempt to provide a futuristic outlook and envisage the potential of combining electrokinetics with blood microcirculation towards developing futuristic biomimetic microdevices that can replicate a novel control mechanism over micro‐circulatory transport in the entire connective network of human bodies. This may effectively pave the way towards the realization of a next‐generation medical simulation device, significantly advanced from what is available under the ambit of the state of art technology in the field.
Earthquake response analysis of yielding structures coupled with vertically restrained rocking walls
Authors: Aghagholizadeh Mehrdad , Makris Nicos 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates the inelastic response of a yielding structure coupled with a vertically restrained rocking wall. The paper first derives the nonlinear equations of motion of a yielding oscillator coupled with a vertically restrained rocking wall, and the dependability of the one‐degree of freedom idealization is validated against the nonlinear time‐history response analysis of a well‐known nine‐story moment‐resisting steel frame that is coupled with a stepping, vertically restrained rocking wall. While, the coupling of weak building frames with rocking walls is an efficient strategy that controls inelastic deformations by enforcing a uniform interstory‐drift distribution, therefore, avoiding mid‐story failures, the paper shows that even for medium‐rise buildings the effect of vertical tendons on the inelastic structural response is marginal, with the exception of increasing the vertical reactions at the pivoting points of the rocking wall. Accordingly, the paper concludes that for medium‐rise to high‐rise buildings, vertical tendons in rocking walls are not beneficial.
Nonstationarity driven by multidecadal change in catchment groundwater storage: A test of modifications to a common rainfall–run‐off model
Authors: Grigg Andrew H. , Hughes Justin D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany parts of the world are experiencing a drying climatic trend with significant implications for water resources, especially where there is interaction between surface water and groundwater. Where drying leads to a shift in a catchment's hydrological regime, hydrological models may display bias in predictions and therefore degradation in their predictive capacity. We present two modifications to GR4J, a commonly used rainfall–run‐off model, that (a) allow the sensitivity of storage dependant evaporation and streamflow production to differ significantly, effectively mimicking “catchment memory” and (b) account for temporal variation in catchment vegetation cover, for example, due to land use change. We test the original and two modified models on a forested headwater catchment in the south‐west of Australia. In this catchment, a data set of more than 21,000 individual groundwater records collected over a period of more than 40 years chronicles a significant decline in catchment groundwater storage, resulting in a nonstationary streamflow regime. These longer‐term changes were overlaid with a shorter‐term hydrological response to clearing for bauxite mining and subsequent revegetation. The model structural modifications led to substantially improved streamflow prediction when compared with the original model, related to improved ability in the revised models' production store to match changes in the observed groundwater storage within the catchment. The performance of all three models and hence the apparent effectiveness of the modified models was dependent on the hydrological conditions in the calibration period. Best model fits were obtained when the calibration period encompassed both wetter and drier conditions in the hydrological record. The modified models presented here may reduce prediction bias for catchments in other parts of the world where long‐term shifts in hydrologic regime are being experienced and improve prediction for catchments with significant changes in vegetation cover.
The interplay between chemical speciation and physiology determines the bioaccumulation and toxicity of Cu(II) and Cd(II) to Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Moyson Sofie , Town Raewyn M. , Joosen Steven , Husson Steven J. , Blust Ronny 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUsing the well‐documented model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, a combined analysis of metal speciation in the exposure medium and body burdens of metals (Zn, Cu and Cd) was performed, and factors that are predictive of toxicological endpoints in single metal and mixed metal exposures were identified. Cu, and to a lesser extent Cd, is found to associate with Escherichia coli in the exposure medium (the food source for C. elegans) as evidenced by the observed decrease in both their dissolved and free metal ion concentrations. Together with a critical analysis of literature data, our results suggest that free metal ion concentrations and thus aqueous uptake routes are the best predictor of internal concentrations under all conditions considered, and of metal toxicity in single metal exposures. Additional factors are involved in determining the toxicity of metal mixtures. In general, the eventual adverse effects of metals on biota are expected to be a consequence of the interplay between chemical speciation in the exposure medium, timescale of exposure, exposure route as well as the nature and timescale of the biotic handling pathways.
Comprehensive analysis of predictive factors for rapid angiographic stenotic progression and restenosis risk in coronary artery disease patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with drug‐eluting stents implantation
Authors: Wu Yanqiang , Fu Xianghua 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the correlation of baseline, procedural, and postprocedure characteristics with the risk of rapid angiographic stenotic progression (RASP) and restenosis in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug‐eluting stents implantation.MethodsTwo hundred fourteen CAD patients underwent PCI with drug‐eluting stents implantation were consecutively enrolled. Baseline, procedural, and postprocedure characteristics of patients were collected for analysis. Coronary angiography was performed to evaluate coronary stenosis before PCI and at 12 months after PCI. RASP of nontarget lesions and restenosis of stent‐implanted target lesions were then assessed.Results37.8% CAD patients occurred RASP at 12 months after PCI and compared to non‐RASP group, RASP group presented with increased diabetes mellitus (DM) complication, higher concentration of serum uric acid (SUA), cardiac troponin I, N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, and high sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) as well as elevated occurrence of multivessel artery lesions. In addition, DM, SUA, hs‐CRP, and multivessel artery lesions independently predicted high RASP risk. For restenosis, 21.0% patients occurred restenosis at 12 months after PCI, and patients in restenosis group presented with increased hypertension and DM occurrence, higher concentrations of SUA, LDL‐C, and hs‐CRP, as well as longer target lesion and length of stent in surgery compared to nonrestenosis group. Also, DM, SUA, LDL‐C, hs‐CRP, and length of target lesion independently predicted increased restenosis risk.ConclusionDiabetes mellitus, SUA, and hs‐CRP are potential predictive factors for increased risk of both RASP and restenosis in CAD patients underwent PCI and drug‐eluting stents implantation.
ALA‐mediated biphasic downregulation of α‐7nAchR/HIF‐1α along with mitochondrial stress modulation strategy in mammary gland chemoprevention
Authors: Roy Subhadeep , Singh Manjari , Sammi Shreesh Raj , Pandey Rakesh , Kaithwas Gaurav 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe study elucidates the effect of ɑ‐linolenic acid (ALA) on mitochondrial stress, hypoxic cancer microenvironment, and intervention of cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway using N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) induced estrogen receptor (ER+) mammary gland carcinoma and Caenorhabditis elegans model, respectively. The efficacy of ALA was scrutinized in vivo and in vitro using various experiments like hemodynamic studies, morphological analysis, antioxidants parameters, immunoblotting, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The effect of ALA was also validated using C. elegans worms. ALA administration had a positive effect on tissue architecture of the malignancy when scrutinized through the whole mount carmine staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The proteomic and genomic checkpoint revealed the participation of mitochondrial dysfunction, alteration of hypoxic microenvironment, and involvement of cholinergic anti‐inflammatory response after treatment with ALA. ALA treatment has also increased the level of synaptic acetylcholine and acetylcholine esterase with a significant decrease in lipid content. It was concluded that ALA persuaded the mitochondrial stress, activation of downstream cholinergic anti‐inflammatory markers, and favorable regulation of hypoxia microenvironment through inhibition of fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element‐binding protein.
Porous graphite sheet spray ionization ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Zargar Tahereh , Jafari Mohammad T. , Khayamian Taghi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, a porous graphite sheet is introduced as the substrate in a spray ionization source for ion mobility spectrometry (PGSI‐IMS) for the first time. This ionization source has some important advantages in comparison with the hollow needle, which is conventionally used in electrospray ionization. In order to prepare the hydrophilic surface needed to load samples on a graphite substrate, the graphite sheet was treated with hot sulfuric acid solution for 2 hours. Some parameters affecting the ionization efficiency were studied, and the optimized conditions were found to be 3.5‐kV graphite voltage, 24‐μL methanol flow rate, 500 mL min−1 the gas flow rate, and graphite sheet with a 60° tip angle and 3‐mm distance from the counter electrode. Finally, analyses of some test compounds (imipramine, diclofenac, codeine, morphine, and ethion) were conducted to evaluate the capability of the new ionization source in the positive and negative modes. The satisfactory results proved the capability of the graphite sheet spray ionization, to be conveniently used for routine analysis of chemical compounds by IMS.
A tool for assisting phase identification by micro‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ramos G. R. , Zorzi J. E. , Cruz R. C. D. , Perottoni C. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough powder X‐ray diffraction is often the primary choice for the analysis of naturally occurring materials, the robust identification of individual components in a complex mixture is usually a challenging task, and other analytical tools are often needed to allow unequivocal phase identification. Among these techniques, the spatial resolution provided by micro‐Raman spectroscopy has proved to be invaluable as a complementary technique to X‐ray diffraction analysis. Accordingly, in this work we present a tool for assisting phase identification by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. This tool was implemented with a graphical user interface, thus facilitating all stages of analysis, including multiple spectra reading, interpolation, and baseline correction, as well as pure component spectra determination by multivariate curve resolution analysis and their identification against an open‐access database. To exemplify the proposed approach, the mineral phases present in an igneous rock from the Serra Geral Formation, Brazil, were identified and then used as the starting point for a full Rietveld refinement of the corresponding X‐ray diffraction pattern. Some phases not identified by micro‐Raman spectroscopy could then be identified by conventional search‐match on the difference X‐ray diffraction pattern. Further testing of the tool yielded the correct identification of the mineral phases used to create noise‐added computer‐generated multiphase Raman spectra. Although the tool developed in this work is currently designed to be used with a database of Raman spectra of minerals, it can be easily modified to be used in a more general context, provided a suitable database of Raman spectra is available.
Shifted‐excitation Raman difference spectroscopy for the detection of SERS‐encoded gold nanostar probes
Authors: Register Janna , Maiwald Martin , Fales Andrew , Strobbia Pietro , Sumpf Bernd , Vo‐Dinh Tuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn vivo applications of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) have limited sensitivity due to the intense background signal from real‐life complex samples such as plants and tissues. To overcome this issue, this work investigates the combination of shifted‐excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) with SERS nanoprobes to generate background‐free SE‐SERDS spectra. The SERDS technique was performed with a dual‐wavelength diode laser with two emission lines at 785.40 and 785.02 nm. The SERS nanoprobes used for these studies are SERS‐encoded nanostars. The use of the SERDS technique in the detection of SERS nanoprobes was demonstrated by recovering full Raman spectra from a 1 pM concentration of nanoprobes, which only show few peaks in the pure SERS spectra. Background‐free SE‐SERDS spectra were collected from SERS nanoprobes injected in pig skin ex vivo. Pig skin is considered a good model of human skin and was previously used in testing the performance of our SERS nanoprobes when implanted subcutaneously. In this study, we show the application of SERDS for background removal and signal recovery in spectra of SERS nanoprobes. In addition, the detection of SERS plasmonic nanoprobes implanted into animal skin further illustrates the usefulness of the SE‐SERDS technique and how the combination of SERS with SERDS provides a powerful tool for in vivo biosensing.
Responses of MAC‐T Cells to Inhibited Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase 1 during cis‐9, trans‐11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Synthesis
Authors: Wang Tao , Lee Honggu , Zhen Yuguo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCis‐9‐conjugated, trans‐11‐conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known for its positive activities on human health. The synthesis of cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA in mammary glands is generally thought to be catalyzed by stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), but this has not been rigorously established. In this study, we hypothesized that the inhibition of SCD1 (by CAY10566) would block the synthesis of cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA in bovine mammary alveolar cells (MAC‐T) cells. Results showed that MAC‐T cells incubated with 10 nM CAY10566 for 12 h (CAY) produced less cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA (p < 0.01), lower 14:1/(14:1 + 14:0)% (p < 0.01), more trans‐11 18:1 (TVA) accumulation (p < 0.01), and reduced SCD1 mRNA levels (p < 0.01) compared with the control group (CON). Moreover, the mRNA abundances of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 [SREBPF1], acyl‐CoA synthetase short‐chain family member 2 [ACSS2], and lipin 1 [LPIN1] were significantly elevated when SCD1 was inhibited in the CAY group (p < 0.05). Taken together, CAY10566 inhibition of SCD1 resulted in lower cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA synthesis ability, and SREBF1, ACSSS2, and LPIN1 were negatively associated with SCD1. These findings not only provide the direct evidence that cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA synthesis is catalyzed by SCD1, but also help us understand the responses of MAC‐T cells to SCD1 inhibition.