bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triphasic Pulses in Cochlear Implant Patients With Facial Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Braun Katharina , Walker Kevin , Sürth Werner , Löwenheim Hubert , Tropitzsch Anke 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
Evaluation of triphasic pulse stimulation in comparison to the traditional biphasic pulse stimulation in cochlear implant (CI) patients with unintended facial nerve costimulation.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Cochlear Implant Center of a University Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery.

Patients:
Fifteen CI patients (MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria) received a triphasic fitting map instead of a biphasic fitting map due to a previous diagnosis of facial nerve stimulation or stimulus induced pain during the years 2014 to 2017.

Intervention(s):
Application of a triphasic stimulation strategy.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Reduction of facial nerve costimulation and speech understanding. Biphasic and triphasic fitting maps were compared to accurately assess the effects of the switch, and hearing tests (monosyllables and sentences in noise tests) were analyzed.

Results:
Triphasic pulse stimulation showed a significant reduction of unintended side effects and resulted in an observed improved quality of life in most cases. Although there was no significant change in the understanding of speech with CI in all test situations, in many cases, improvement was observed.

Conclusions:
Triphasic pulse stimulation had a beneficial effect for CI patients with severe, unintended costimulation and should be considered a valuable tool during CI fitting.
Updates in management of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis
Authors: Craig John R. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) is a rare and often fatal disease, that remains incompletely understood. Case series and literature reviews constitute most of the literature on AIFRS, and act as the standards by which we treat these extremely complex patients. This review discusses management of AIFRS, with focuses on optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Recent findings
Mortality rates remain high, around 50% overall, though some recent studies have shown higher survival rates with early diagnosis and complete surgical resection. Some recent publications on AIFRS have focused on the utility of frozen section analysis both to diagnose and potentially guide the completeness of endoscopic surgical debridement. It was also recently shown that complete endoscopic resection of disease leads to higher survival than when disease was incompletely resected. Additionally, a new antifungal agent was recently approved by the FDA, which has a more favorable pharmacologic and side effect profile, though more studies are necessary to determine its utility.

Summary
Early diagnosis requires identification of sinusitis symptoms in immunocompromised patients, followed by intranasal biopsy and frozen section analysis. Early surgical debridement and antifungal therapy then remain the cornerstones of AIFRS management.

Video abstract
See Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/COOH/A38.
Our Treatment Approach in Pediatric Maxillofacial Traumas
Authors: Bilgen Fatma , Ural Alper , Bekerecioğlu Mehmet 
Published: August 2019

Background:Maxillofacial injuries in children are rarer in proportion in comparison to adult facial injuries, and they constitute 1% to 15% of all facial bone fractures. The causes and incidence of maxillofacial injuries in children differ based on social, cultural, and environmental factors.Aim:The purpose of this study is to investigate the etiology, epidemiology, and type of injury in pediatric facial injuries, as well as analyzing types of fractures, related injuries, and treatment options.Materials and Methods:The study obtained the approval of the local ethics board to include 55 pediatric patients in the age group of 0 to 18 years who received inpatient treatment or surgical interventions owing to maxillofacial trauma at an Esthetic, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic between January 2016 and December 2018. The patients were examined under 5 groups based on their causes of injury: motorized vehicle accidents (MVA); bicycle; falls (from height or ground level); assault; firearm injuries. They were examined under 6 groups based on the location of their fractures: mandibula, maxilla, orbita, frontal bone, zygomatic arch, nasal bone.Results:The study included 55 patients of the ages 0 to 18 with the mean age of 11.6 ± 3.2 years. Thirty-seven of the patients (67.2%) were male, whereas 18 (32.7%) were female. Among the causes of injury, the highest number of patients was 25 (45.4%) with MVA. The most frequent location of the fractures was the mandible.Conclusions:Consequently, experiences regarding pediatric maxillofacial traumas are limited, and there is no complete consensus on treatment. In difference to the interventions in adults, the dental structure in pediatric patients need to be definitely considered, the least invasive intervention form should be preferred, and observation and follow-up should be practiced in minimally displaced fractures rather than surgical interventions.
Readmission After Lobectomy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Brown Lisa M. , Thibault Dylan P. , Kosinski Andrzej S. , Cooke David T. , Onaitis Mark W. , Gaissert Henning A. , Romano Patrick S. 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
The aim of this study was to identify independent predictors of hospital readmission for patients undergoing lobectomy for lung cancer.

Summary Background Data:
Hospital readmission after lobectomy is associated with increased mortality. Greater than 80% of the variability associated with readmission after surgery is at the patient level. This underscores the importance of using a data source that includes detailed clinical information.

Methods:
Using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) General Thoracic Surgery Database (GTSD), we conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing elective lobectomy for lung cancer. Three separate multivariable logistic regression models were generated: the first included preoperative variables, the second added intraoperative variables, and the third added postoperative variables. The c statistic was calculated for each model.

Results:
There were 39,734 patients from 277 centers. The 30-day readmission rate was 8.2% (n = 3237). In the final model, postoperative complications had the greatest effect on readmission. Pulmonary embolus {odds ratio [OR] 12.34 [95% confidence interval (CI),7.94–19.18]} and empyema, [OR 11.66 (95% CI, 7.31–18.63)] were associated with the greatest odds of readmission, followed by pleural effusion [OR 7.52 (95% CI, 6.01–9.41)], pneumothorax [OR 5.08 (95% CI, 4.16–6.20)], central neurologic event [OR 3.67 (95% CI, 2.23–6.04)], pneumonia [OR 3.13 (95% CI, 2.43–4.05)], and myocardial infarction [OR 3.16 (95% CI, 1.71–5.82)]. The c statistic for the final model was 0.736.

Conclusions:
Complications are the main driver of readmission after lobectomy for lung cancer. The highest risk was related to postoperative events requiring a procedure or medical therapy necessitating inpatient care.
Systematic analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in human endometrial cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhou Xi , Ling Zhengjiang , Yang Bing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe prognostic effect of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) on endometrial cancer (EMC) has not been extensively investigated. In the present study, we systematically analyzed the role of TIICs in EMC development.MethodsPatient data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We comprehensively analyzed TIIC population in EMC tissue and their role in EMC progression and prognosis by using a deconvolution algorithm (CIBERSORT) and clinically annotated expression profiles.ResultsThe proportions of gamma delta T cells, resting NK cells, M1 macrophages, and resting mast cells were significantly different in normal endometrium and EMC tissue. The proportion of CD8+ T cells, resting memory CD4 T cells, and M0 macrophages was reversed middle correlated. The proportion of resting dendritic cells, resting memory CD4 T cells, and T regulatory cells (Tregs) decreased in accordance with the cancer cell differentiation grade (G); the lower proportion of activated dendritic cells and gamma delta T cells and higher proportion of Tregs predicted longer EMC survival time and vice versa. The low proportion of gamma delta T cells indicated better response to therapy.ConclusionCollectively, our data suggested subtle differences in the cellular composition of TIICs in EMC, and these differences were likely to be important determinants of both prognosis and therapy of EMC.
Identification of host-pathogen-disease relationships using a scalable Multiplex Serology platform in UK Biobank
Authors: Mentzer Alexander J , Brenner Nicole , Allen Naomi , Littlejohns Thomas J , Chong Amanda Y , Cortes Adrian , Almond Rachael , Hill Michael , Sheard Simon , McVean Gil ,   UKB Infection Advisory Board, Collins Rory , Hill Adrian VS , Waterboer Tim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCertain infectious agents are recognised causes of cancer and potentially other chronic diseases. Identifying associations and understanding pathological mechanisms involving infectious agents and subsequent chronic disease risk will be possible through measuring exposure to multiple infectious agents in large-scale prospective cohorts such as UK Biobank.MethodsFollowing expert consensus we designed a Multiplex Serology platform capable of simultaneously measuring quantitative antibody responses against 45 antigens from 20 infectious agents implicated in non-communicable diseases, including human herpes, hepatitis, polyoma, papilloma, and retroviruses, as well asChlamydia trachomatis, Helicobacter pyloriandToxoplasma gondii. This panel was assayed in a random subset of UK Biobank participants (n=9,695) to test associations between infectious agents and recognised demographic and genetic risk factors and disease outcomes.FindingsSeroprevalence estimates for each infectious agent were consistent with those expected from the literature. The data confirmed epidemiological associations of infectious agent antibody responses with sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. lifetime sexual partners withC, trachomatis;P=1·8×10−149), genetic variants (e.g. rs6927022 with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA1 antibodies,P=9·5×10−91) and disease outcomes including human papillomavirus-16 seropositivity and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (odds ratio 2·28, 95% confidence interval 1·38-3·63), and quantitative EBV viral capsid antigen responses and multiple sclerosis through genetic correlation (MHC rG=0·30,P=0·01).InterpretationThis dataset, intended as a pilot study to demonstrate applicability of Multiplex Serology in epidemiological studies, is itself one of the largest studies to date covering diverse infectious agents in a prospective UK cohort including those traditionally under-represented in population cohorts such as human immunodeficiency virus-1 andC. trachomatis. Our results emphasise the validity of our Multiplex Serology approach in large-scale epidemiological studies opening up opportunities for improving our understanding of host-pathogen-disease relationships. These data are available to researchers interested in examining the relationship between infectious agents and human health.
Novel sampling strategies and a coarse-grained score function for docking homomers, flexible heteromers, and oligosaccharides using Rosetta in CAPRI Rounds 37–45
Authors: Roy Burman Shourya S. , Nance Morgan L. , Jeliazkov Jeliazko R. , Labonte Jason W. , Lubin Joseph H. , Biswas Naireeta , Gray Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCAPRI Rounds 37 through 45 introduced larger complexes, new macromolecules, and multi-stage assemblies. For these rounds, we used and expanded docking methods in Rosetta to model 23 target complexes. We successfully predicted 14 target complexes and recognized and refined near-native models generated by other groups for two further targets. Notably, for targets T110 and T136, we achieved the closest prediction of any CAPRI participant. We created several innovative approaches during these rounds. Since Round 39 (target 122), we have used the new RosettaDock 4.0, which has a revamped coarse-grained energy function and the ability to perform conformer selection during docking with hundreds of pre-generated protein backbones. Ten of the complexes had some degree of symmetry in their interactions, so we tested Rosetta SymDock, realized its shortcomings, and developed the next-generation symmetric docking protocol, SymDock2, which includes docking of multiple backbones and induced-fit refinement. Since the last CAPRI assessment, we also developed methods for modeling and designing carbohydrates in Rosetta, and we used them to successfully model oligosaccharide–protein complexes in Round 41. While the results were broadly encouraging, they also highlighted the pressing need to invest in (1) flexible docking algorithms with the ability to model loop and linker motions and in (2) new sampling and scoring methods for oligosaccharide–protein interactions.
Substantial near-infrared radiation-driven photosynthesis of chlorophyllf-containing cyanobacteria in a natural habitat
Authors: Kühl Michael , Trampe Erik , Mosshammer Maria , Johnson Michael , Larkum Anthony W. D. , Koren Klaus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFar-red absorbing chlorophylls are constitutively present as Chldin the cyanobacteriumAcaryochloris marina, or dynamically expressed by synthesis of Chlfand red-shifted phycobilins via far-red light photoacclimation in a range of cyanobacteria, which enables them to use near-infrared-radiation (NIR) for oxygenic photosynthesis. While the biochemistry and molecular physiology of Chlf-containing cyanobacteria has been unraveled in culture studies, their ecological significance remains unexplored and no data on theirin situactivity exist. With a novel combination of hyperspectral imaging, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and nanoparticle-based O2imaging, we demonstrate substantial NIR-driven oxygenic photosynthesis by endolithic, Chlf-containing cyanobacteria within natural beachrock biofilms that are widespread on (sub)tropical coastlines. This indicates an important role of NIR-driven oxygenic photosynthesis in primary production of endolithic and other shaded habitats.Impact statementCyanobacteria with chlorophyllfshow substantial near-infrared radiation-driven photosynthesis in intertidal habitats.
Dynamic actin-mediated nano-scale clustering of CD44 regulates its meso-scale organization at the plasma membrane
Authors: Sil Parijat , Mateos Nicolas , Nath Sangeeta , Buschow Sonja , Manzo Carlo , Suzuki Kenichi G. N. , Fujiwara Takahiro , Kusumi Akihiro , Garcia-Parajo Maria F. , Mayor Satyajit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTransmembrane adhesion receptors at the cell surface, such as CD44, are often equipped with modules to interact with the extracellular-matrix(ECM) and the intra-cellular cytoskeletal machinery. CD44 has been recently shown to compartmentalize the membrane into domains by acting as membrane pickets, facilitating the function of signaling receptors. While spatial organization and diffusion studies of membrane proteins are usually conducted separately, here we combine observations of organization and diffusion by using high spatio-temporal resolution imaging on living cells to reveal a hierarchical organization of CD44. CD44 is present in a meso-scale meshwork pattern where it exhibits enhanced confinement and is enriched in nano-clusters of CD44 along its boundaries. This nanoclustering is orchestrated by the underlying cortical actin dynamics. Interaction with actin is mediated by specific segments of the intracellular-domain(ICD). This influences the organization of the protein at the nano-scale, generating a selective requirement for formin over Arp2/3-based actin-nucleation machinery. The extracellular-domain(ECD) and its interaction with elements of ECM do not influence the meso-scale organization, but may serve to reposition the meshwork with respect to the ECM. Taken together, our results capture the hierarchical nature of CD44 organization at the cell surface, with active cytoskeleton-templated nano-clusters localized to a meso-scale meshwork pattern.
Optogenetic reactivation of prefrontal social memory trace mimics social buffering of fear
Authors: Gutzeit Vanessa A. , Ahuna Kylia , Santos Tabia L. , Cunningham Ashley M. , Rooney Meghin Sadsad , Denny Christine A. , Donaldson Zoe R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSocial buffering occurs when the presence of a companion attenuates the physiological and/or behavioral effects of a stressful or fear-provoking event. It represents a way in which social interactions can immediately and potently modulate behavior. As such, social buffering is one mechanism by which strong social support increases resilience to mental illness. While the behavioral and neuroendocrine impacts of social buffering are well studied in multiple species, including humans, the neuronal bases of this behavioral phenomenon remain largely unexplored. Previous work has shown that the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (IL-PFC) is important for processing social information and, in separate studies, for modulating fear and anxiety. Thus, we hypothesized that socially-active cells within the IL-PFC may integrate social information to modulate fear responsivity. To test this hypothesis, we employed social buffering paradigms in male and female mice. Similar to prior studies in rats, we found that the presence of a cagemate reduced freezing in fear and anxiety-provoking contexts. In accordance with previous work, we demonstrated that interaction with a novel or familiar conspecific induces activity in the IL-PFC as evidenced by increased immediate early gene (IEG) expression. We then utilized an activity-dependent tagging murine line, the ArcCreERT2 mice, to express channelrhodopsin (ChR2) in neurons active during the social encoding of a new cagemate. We found that optogenetic reactivation of these socially-active neuronal ensembles phenocopied the effects of cagemate presence in male and female mice in learned and innate fear contexts without being inherently rewarding or altering locomotion. These data suggest that a social neuronal ensemble within the IL-PFC may contribute to social buffering of fear. These neurons may represent a novel therapeutic target for fear and anxiety disorders.
STAT pathway activation limits the Ascl1-mediated chromatin remodeling required for neural regeneration from Müller glia in adult mouse retina
Authors: Jorstad Nikolas L. , Wilken Matthew S. , Todd Levi , Nakamura Paul , Radulovich Nick , Hooper Marcus J. , Chitsazan Alex , Wilkerson Brent A. , Rieke Fred , Reh Thomas A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMüller glia can serve as a source for retinal regeneration in some non-mammalian vertebrates. Recently we found that this process can be induced in mouse Müller glia after injury, by combining transgenic expression of the proneural transcription factor Ascl1 and the HDAC inhibitor TSA. However, new neurons are only generated from a subset of Müller glia in this model, and identifying factors that limit Ascl1-mediated MG reprogramming could potentially make this process more efficient, and potentially useful clinically. One factor that limits neurogenesis in some non-mammalian vertebrates is the STAT pathway activation that occurs in Müller glia in response to injury. In this report, we tested whether injury induced STAT activation hampers the ability of Ascl1 to reprogram Müller glia into retinal neurons. Using a STAT inhibitor, in combination with our previously described reprogramming paradigm, we found a large increase in the ability of Müller glia to generate neurons, similar to those we described previously. Single-cell RNA-seq showed that the progenitor-like cells derived from Ascl1-expressing Müller glia have a higher level of STAT signaling than those that become neurons. Using Ascl1 ChIP-seq and DNase-seq, we found that developmentally inappropriate Ascl1 binding sites (that were unique to the overexpression context) had enrichment for the STAT binding motif. This study provides evidence that STAT pathway activation reduces the efficiency of Ascl1-mediated reprogramming in Müller glia, potentially by directing Ascl1 to inappropriate targets.
The dual function receptor kinase, OsWAKL21.2, is involved in elaboration of lipaseA/esterase induced immune responses in rice
Authors: Malukani Kamal Kumar , Ranjan Ashish , Jyothi Hota Shiva , Patel Hitendra Kumar , Sonti Ramesh V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPlant pathogens secrete cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) to degrade various components of the plant cell wall. Plants sense this cell wall damage as a mark of infection and induce immune responses. Little is known about the plant functions that are involved in the elaboration of cell wall damage-induced immune responses. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a rice receptor kinase, WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASE-LIKE 21 (OsWAKL21.2), is upregulated following treatment with either Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo, a bacterial pathogen) or lipaseA/esterase (LipA: a CWDE of Xoo). Downregulation of OsWAKL21.2 attenuates LipA mediated immune responses. Overexpression of OsWAKL21.2 in rice mimics LipA treatment mediated induction of immune responses and enhanced expression of defence related genes, indicating it could be involved in the perception of LipA induced cell wall damage in rice. OsWAKL21.2 is a dual function kinase having in-vitro kinase and guanylate cyclase (GC) activities. Ectopic expression of OsWAKL21.2 in Arabidopsis also activates plant immune responses. Interestingly, OsWAKL21.2 needs kinase activity to activate rice immune responses while in Arabidopsis it needs GC activity. Our study reveals a novel receptor kinase involved in elaboration of cell wall damage induced rice immune responses that can activate similar immune responses in two different species via two different mechanisms.One sentence SummaryA novel rice receptor WAKL21 that sense cell wall damage caused by Xanthomonas secreted cell wall degrading enzyme to induce immune responses.
De/re-construction of Zhuang shamanic songs in cultural festivals
Authors: Kao Ya-ning 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of Zhuang shamanic narrative songs at three festivals to explore how and why a narrative song genre that originated with Zhuang shamans is separated from shamanic ritual contexts and re-contextualized at festivals under the cultural policies instigated by the People’s Republic of China in the post-socialist era.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is based on a review of publications on Zhuang performance art and fieldwork data collected in southwestern Guangxi, China.

Findings
The de-construction of Zhuang shamanic narrative song melodies dates back to the late nineteenth century, when southwestern Guangxi literati used the melodies to compose popular songs. By the 1950s, the religious elements of these narrative songs had already been obfuscated, leading Chinese scholars to select them as representative of Zhuang performance arts. Since the enactment of China’s Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH) Law in the early twenty-first century, local Zhuang elites have re-constructed and re-introduced shamanic elements to narrative songs as they are performed at festivals as a means to further highlight the ethnic characteristics of the Zhuang people.

Originality/value
The paper provides detailed documentation of three cases of the restoration of shamanic elements to narrative songs sung by the Zhuang people. However, the research is limited to one community, inviting comparison with other cases, both inside and outside China, of how ICH policies impact grass-roots cultural practices.