bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A practical method in measurement of perforation size during cartilage tympanoplasty
Authors: KESEROĞLU Kemal , ALİCURA TOKGÖZ Sibel , KAYA ÇELİK Elif , AKIN İstemihan , ÖZDEK Ali 
Published: July 2019

Cartilage has been used in otologic surgery for
ossicular reconstruction and grafting since 1960s. Due to low metabolic rate, stiffness and stability properties
with regard to fascia, it is thought to be more effective in tympanoplasty. With the help of this
measurement technique, redundant oversized harvesting of cartilage can be
prevented and overmanuplation during graft replacement especially after a
delicate ossiculoplasty procedure can be avoided. The
aim of this study was to demonstrate the preparation of optimal island
cartilage composite graft with a simple sterile suture package template for the
appropriate size of the tympanic membrane perforation, and to provide a
functional surgery with minimal donor site defect and minimal manipulation. With
this technique, 143 patients with chronic otitis have been operated in our
clinic. No complications with respect to this method, have been observed up to
date. Using an easily prepared template
is a simple and effective method for measuring the perforation size.
Arterial hypertension and Alzheimer’s disease. Prologue to neurodegeneration
Authors: Lobzin V. Yu. , Kolmakova K. A. , Emelin A. Yu. , Yanishevskiy S. N. 
Published: July 2019

Cognitive impairment is a global medical and social problem. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common disease leading to the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Arterial hypertension (HTN) is considered to be the strongest risk factor for the development of both vascular dementia and AD. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of the glymphatic system in removing β-amyloid from the brain through the perivascular Virchow–Robin spaces. The interest is that the adequate functioning of the glymphatic system mainly depends on the level of blood pressure during the day and the quality of sleep. In this article, we will consider the main mechanisms of the HTN influence on the glymphatic system, brain substance-related damage and the development of cognitive impairment.
Hypercapnic-hypoxic respiratory training as a method of post-conditioning in stroke suvivors
Authors: Alekseeva T. M. , Kovzelev P. D. , Topuzova M. P. , Sergeeva T. V. , Tregub P. P. 
Published: July 2019

The paper summarizes data on the use of respiratory training under hypoxia, features of permissive hypercapnia, and the potential mechanisms of neuroprotective effect in the combined use of hypoxia and hypercapnia. The paper provides information about the practical application of this training in various diseases. The technical aspects, the possibility of using individual respiratory simulators, the optimal parameters of exposure and the composition of the gas are discussed. Considering the expected effectiveness we assume that this type of respiratory training can be used in the routine medical rehabilitation practice post-stroke survivors.
Baroreflex circulation regulation during tilt test in young males with a history of vasovagal syncopes
Authors: Barsukov A. V. , Chepcheruk O. G. , Glukhovskoi D. V. , Korovin A. E. , Yakovlev V. V. , Gordienko A. V. 
Published: July 2019

Background. Vasovagal syncopes (VVS) are relatively often recorded in the population of young people. Objective. To establish the changes in the baroreflex function during the tilt test in healthy young males with the history of VVS. Design and methods. A total of 102 people aged 18–30 years were examined and divided into 4 groups, taking into account the specific features of fainting history and response to the tilt test. Subjects of the group 1 (n = 14) had a history of VVS and a positive response to the tilt test (syncope). Subjects of the group 2 (n = 14) had a history of VVS and a pattern of postural tachycardia without fainting verified during the tilt test. Subjects of the group 3 (n = 42) had a history of VVS and a negative response to the tilt test. Subjects of the group 4 (n = 32) did not have a history of VVS and showed a negative response to the tilt test. During the tilt test, we studied the dynamics of the baroreflex functional parameters (the number of baroreflex reactions (NBR), the baroreflex effectiveness index (BEI), the baroreflex sensitivity (BRS)). Results. In the individuals of each group, in the initial horizontal phase, values of NBR, BEI, BRS were within normal range and did not show significant intergroup differences (p > 0,05). The passive orthostasis was associated with the increase in NBR (in each group beside control group), a decrease in BEI and BRS. The increase in NBR in the vertical phase of the tilt test (relative to the initial horizontal phase) was 87 %, 6 %, 16 % in the groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The tilt-induced decrease in NBR comprised 8 % in the group 4. The decrease in the BEI in the vertical phase of the tilt test (relative to the initial horizontal phase) consisted: 22 %, 19 %, 12 %, 10 % in subjects of the 1, 2, 3, 4 groups, respectively. During the passive orthostasis we observed a decrease in BRS: by 65 %, 69 %, 64 %, 57 % in individuals of the groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Returning from a vertical to a horizontal position in all groups led to a pronounced decrease in NBR and an increase in the BEI to values lower than in baseline horizontal tilt test phase; to an excessive increase in the BRS exceeding the pre-test values in each study group. Conclusions. In prolonged passive orthostasis, healthy young males, regardless of the fainting history, demonstrate a decrease in the baroreflex regulation. Among those with the history of VVS, tilt-positive subjects are characterized by a more pronounced orthostasis-induced drop in the baroreflex sensitivity and the baroreflex effectiveness index and a slow recovery of the baroreflex regulatory function compared to the tilt-negative subjects and to those who demonstrated postural tachycardia pattern without syncope.
Polymorbidity in hypertensive patients
Authors: Sevostyanova E. V. , Nikolaev Yu. A. , Mitrofanov I. M. , Polyakov V. Ya. 
Published: July 2019

Background.Hypertension (HTN) is often combined with other diseases, that significantly complicate its course, worsen the prognosis, interfere with the therapeutic and preventive measures. Therefore, assessing the development and structure of polymorbidity (PM) in hypertension is a relevant issue.Objective. To study the structure and degree of PM in hypertensive patients depending on age and gender.Design and methods. We conducted an analysis of 20 560 case histories of patients with HTN and without HTN (men and women), inhabitants of West Siberia-Novosibirsk region, who underwent examination and treatment at the clinic of the Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine in Novosibirsk. All identified diagnoses (nosological forms and classes according to the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision, ICD‑10) were considered. Transnosological PM was assessed by the average number of nosologies corresponding to the three-digit ICD‑10 rubric.Results. An increase in the PM index by 16,8 % was found in HTN patients compared to patients without HTN. Among HTN patients, there was an increase in the incidence of comorbid diseases of the circulatory system (in the 16–39 age group in men — by 46 %, in women — by 42,8 %), the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolism (in the age group 16–39 years for men — by 19,3 %, for women — by 45,2 %), the musculoskeletal system, urinary system (for men) and neoplasms (for women) compared with patients without HTN.Conclusions. We found a high rate of transnosological PM in HTN patients was found and defined its structure.
Penetration cardiac wound associated with anterior mitral leaflet perforation: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Basarab D. A. , Ustyuzhin E. D. , Perutskiy D. N. , Basarab A. I. 
Published: July 2019

The paper presents a rare case of successful correction of an anterior mitral leaflet perforation. A 28-years old patient was referred with progressive heart failure symptoms at 18 weeks after he had a penetrating stab wound of the right ventricle. Massive pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade risk and severe mitral valve insufficiency were found at examination. By the time of referral, spontaneous closure of the ventricular septal defect, which is an inevitable component of the “unhappy triad”, had happened. Accurate topical ultrasound diagnosis of the intracardial lesion that resulted from the penetrating wound of the left ventricular outflow allowed for a successful urgent mitral valve reconstruction with a xenopericardial patch and the insertion of a 28 mm MedEng annuloplasty band. To prevent any future pericardial constriction, subtotal pericardectomy by Cooley was performed.Conclusion: Perioperative echocardiography and subsequent follow up by cardiologist are obligatory in all cases of precordial wounds after discharge from hospital. Timely surgery for traumatic mitral leaflet perforation allows for a successful valvuloplasty.
Hubungan antara Pengetahuan dan Sosial Ekonomi dengan Penyakit Gout Arthritis pada Lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lawanga
Authors: Susanti Ni Made Dewi , Sumaga Asrina A 
Published: July 2019

<p><strong>Latar Belakang : </strong>Gout Arthritis adalah salah satu penyakit rematik yang menduduki urutan ketiga setelah arthrosis dan remathoid arthritis. Penderita penyakit rematik di Indonesia di perkirakan hampir 80% penduduk yang berusia 40 tahun atau lebih. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi penyakit gout arthritis yaitu kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai nyeri pada sendi karena tidak semua keluhan dari nyeri sendi disebabkan oleh asam urat. Tujuan: penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyakit gout arthritis</p><p>pada lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lawanga.</p><p><strong>Metode Penelitian : </strong>merupakan penelitian anaitik dengan pendekatan secara <em>cross sectional</em>. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah responden lansia yang menderita gout arthritis. Sampel berjumlah 46 orang responden. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji <em>Chi Square </em>dengan nilai signifikansi alpha 5% ( <em>=0,05</em>).</p><p><strong>Hasil : </strong>penelitian ini menunjukan adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan penyakit gout arthritis (<em>p=0,036</em>), terdapat adanya hubungan antara sosial ekonomi dengan penyakit gout arthritis (<em>p=0,047</em>). <strong>Kesimpulan</strong>: pengetahuan dan sosial ekonomi berhubungan dengan penyakit gout arthritis.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci : </strong>Pengetahuan, Sosial ekonomi, Gout arthritis</p>
Simulación Estocástica para Determinar el Valor Presente Neto y el Costo de Incertidumbre en una Planta Eólica
Authors: Rivera Sergio , Valencia Tomas 
Published: July 2019

En este documento se presenta una propuesta de simulación estocástica para determinar las incertidumbres en la inversión y el costo de incertidumbre de operación para una planta eólica. Tomando como objeto de estudio una planta eólica hipotética en El Cabo de la Vela, en La Guajira, Colombia, con las mismas características que la planta actual Jepirachi de EPM, donde se halla la función de densidad de probabilidad del valor presente neto del proyecto, y de esta forma evaluar qué tan probable es que éste sea rentable. Adicionalmente, se determina el costo de incertidumbre para la operación de la planta dependiendo de los diferentes escenarios mensuales de la energía primaria (velocidad del viento). Este costo se aproxima a una función cuadratica que sirve como elemento de costos en el problema de despacho económico cuando existen renovables. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados obtenidos y futuros desarrollos.
As novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação no contexto educacional das políticas públicas
Authors: França Fabiane Freire , Costa Maria Luisa Furlan , Santos Renata Oliveira dos 
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender como o uso das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação, na Educação Básica e sobretudo no Ensino Superior, pode se constituir como ferramenta de combate e resistência ao cenário atual de retrocessos e ataques ao sistema educacional público brasileiro. Para tanto, apresentamos uma discussão teórica sobre o uso das tecnologias na educação como forma de resistência. Com base na atual Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação 9394/96 e no Plano Nacional de Educação (2014) apresentamos os conceitos de educação, novas tecnologias e formação docente como palco de lutas e negociações para a aprovação de determinadas políticas. Explicitaremos algumas delas, tais como as políticas atuais voltadas à formação docente, assim como as mudanças ocorridas no Ensino Superior, em especial, uma reflexão da portaria 1.428/18 que permite que até 40% das disciplinas, dos cursos presenciais, possam ser ofertadas na modalidade de Educação a Distância. Diante desse novo cenário que se consolida por meio das tecnologias nos indagamos, ainda, como as chamadas fakes newsemergem em uma sociedade que não consegue ser crítica frente à avalanche de informação que circula em nível mundial. Torna-se possível entender que elas representam a falta de uma educação e conscientização voltada para a sociedade da informação e do conhecimento.
Make or Breakeven: Is Unconventional Oil Production Getting More Efficient?
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: July 2019

The breakeven oil price is a rough, unregulated indicator for the jagged rhythm of the unconventional oil business.
Interest in the price at which finding or producing oil becomes profitable spiked after the oil price crash in 2014 put so much production below the profitable zone.
One sign of the times was that the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas began asking oil and gas companies in and around Texas how high the oil price needed to be for them to make money drilling a well, starting in 2016.
“From our end, what we wanted is to get a feel for when a particular company will flip the switch and start drilling a new well or cut back on drilling activity,” said Mike Plante, senior research economist for the Dallas bank.
Once a year, the reserve bank asks operators to tell them what breakeven oil price is needed to justify continuing oil production from existing wells, and the price level needed to profitably drill a new well. Of the two, the drilling breakeven price has proved more useful for tracking the unconventional oil business, where constant drilling is required to maintain production.
There is a wide gap between the oil price needed to maintain production—which includes old wells in conventional fields—and the level needed to justify drilling horizontal wells with laterals that can stretch out 2 miles or more, nearly all of which are in unconventional plays.
Drilling breakeven is interesting to the bank because it is “looking for cutoffs where firms will be likely to dial up or dial down.”
When oil prices rose last year, oil and gas companies rushed to drill while profit margins were healthy. When prices fell late last year, drilling slowed. “What we are looking at now is modest growth and stabilization,” Plante said.
While these producers have benefitted from higher oil prices, productivity seems stagnant. The breakeven, which rises and falls based on production and cost changes, has shown little change in the median breakeven cost of production in the dominant US play, the•Permian.
Some big expenses have gotten cheaper. Proppant prices plunged with the advent of local sand mines. The number of days it takes to drill a well has dropped and 2-mile long laterals significantly lowered the number of wells•required.
But the breakeven cost “has been wiggling around $50. It has not changed much,” said Kunal Patel, associate economist at the Dallas Federal Reserve.
Since early 2017, the breakeven price per barrel is up $2 to $48/bbl in the Midland Basin of the Permian. To the west in the Delaware Basin, it rose $1 during that period to $49/bbl. When the survey began in 2016, it reported a $50/bbl average for the entire Permian.
Gamma-Ray-Tool Characterization Avoids Traditional Limitations
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: July 2019

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 191717, “Is API Enough for Gamma Ray Logs, or Do We Need More?” by Feyzi•Inanc, SPE, and Andreas Vogt, SPE, Baker Hughes, a GE Company, prepared for the 2018 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, 24–26 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
A major issue with gamma-ray (GR) logs is that the API definition is valid only if the tool is run in a 4.89-in. borehole filled with fresh water. Although all GR tools are intended to provide the same results for such a well, in the field there is no single one-size-fits-all concept. In this paper, the authors discuss the characterization process for GR tools and how they behave in boreholes different from the one used in the University of Houston (UH) GR characterization pit. Proposals for developing correction strategies so that GR logs become quantitative logs, rather than the qualitative logs of the past, also are outlined.
Introduction
One of the issues inherent in ensuring repeatability of GR logs starts with tool characterization. For decades, no common industry standard existed that defined the scale for measuring radioactivity. The chaos created by different tools providing radioactivity in different units in the same environments ended with the creation of the API unit in 1959. The definition of the unit was based on work done with the UH GR characterization pit. This specific pit has a 4.89-in. borehole and a casing to ensure stability within the surrounding synthetic formation.
One downside of the API definition is that different combinations of radioactive isotopes, environmental conditions, and tool designs may yield comparable count rates. UH GR pit characterizations of GR tools lose their validity as the wellbore diverges from this previously described specific borehole size and environment. Thus, environmental corrections are needed to bring readings to a reference borehole used for tool characterization.
Another issue with the UH GR-pit-based characterizations became evident with the emergence of logging-while-drilling (LWD) GR tools. The LWD tools were supposed to provide natural GR values comparable with those of wireline tools. Recommended practices for wireline tools did not have a provision for calibration of LWD GR tools that did not fit into the UH GR pit. Consequently, characterizations of LWD tools to provide results comparable with those of wireline tools became a topic of interest.
Background
Although the UH GR characterization pit still exists, it suffers from many issues. The facility is in a state of disrepair, with significant corrosion. In addition, its activity level is decreasing because of the presence of short-lived Ra-226 as one of the main ingredients in the high-activity zone. The radionuclide distribution is not even, causing gamma readings to change with the height, and rock dimensions do not correspond to those of an infinite rock environment.
Technology Focus: Subsea Systems
Authors: Hanssen Birger Velle 
Published: July 2019

Technology Focus
Alternative solutions to traditional subsea production systems received more attention when the oil price was so low that only a few potential subsea field developments seemed to be profitable. During the past few years, more focus has been on how to use existing infrastructure to get more oil and gas from reservoirs than originally planned with its own platform or floating production, storage, and offloading vessel.
A subsea system with a long pipeline back to the nearest existing process plant with available capacity, in many cases, makes a field development economically attractive even at low oil prices.
However, some challenges need to be overcome by new technology when oil, water, and gas are to be transported in long subsea pipelines. In oil fields that are currently being considered, the length of these pipelines is typically 20 to 50 km, but tieback distances in gas fields today can be up to 220 km, as described in one of the papers presented at OTC this year (OTC 29232).
A major challenge in nearly all long subsea tiebacks is related to flow assurance. Hours, in some cases days, are required for the fluid to travel through a pipeline surrounded by cold water. The drop in temperature results in higher viscosity, wax deposition, and hydrate formation. The backpressure from friction losses and flow-regime effects also can restrict flow. Hence, innovative solutions are required to complement traditional subsea production systems that are based on natural flow to the surface.
Various system alternatives have been proposed and developed, but the use of subsea multiphase pumps at the seabed has so far been the most successful solution. However, the development of a pumping system that can be used at great water depths involves much more than just packaging of motors and pumps for subsea applications. The system needs electrical power to be transferred over long distances, and with this comes equipment such as subsea connectors, transformers, switch gears, and frequency converters.
The status of some of these technologies is described in this feature’s synopses.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
OTC 29232 Real-Time Subsea Hydrate Management in the World’s Longest Subsea Tieback by Christophe Vielliard, OneSubsea, a Schlumberger Company, et al.
OTC 29647 Unlocking Subsea Reserves Through a System-Based Approach for Tieback Solutions by Kristian Mikalsen, National Oilwell Varco, et al.
OTC 29307 Qualification and Case Studies of a Subsea Chemical Storage and Injection Unit by Art J. Schroeder Jr., Safe Marine Transfer, et al.
Evaluation of the Elevated-Temperature Performance and Degradation Mechanisms of Thread Compounds
Authors: Ernens Dennis , Westerwaal Diana , Roijmans Roel F. , van Riet Egbert J. , Daegling Stefan , Wheatley Alan , Worthington Edward , Kramer Henk , Haaften Willem Maarten , De Rooij Matthijn Bas , Pasaribu Henry Rihard 
Published: July 2019

Summary
Thread compounds play an important role in the sealing ability of casing connections in the oil and gas industry. Next to their lubricating role during assembly, most of these thread compounds make use of nonbiodegradable or persistent particle additives to aid in the sealing ability. Replacing these additives for biodegradable and nonpersistent alternatives is, however, a challenge in high–temperature (&gt;150°C) well environments. This paper presents an investigation of the high–temperature failure mechanisms of thread compounds, with the aim of developing biodegradable high–temperature–resistant thread compounds. To this end, the performance of commercially available, environmentally acceptable thread compounds was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high–temperature rheometry, and high–temperature pin–on–disk experiments. The compounds are assessed for their stability, consistency, lubricity, and the resulting wear at high temperature. The results indicated that, without exception, the commercially available thread compounds investigated in this study fail by adhesive and/or abrasive wear at approximately 150°C because of thermally induced degradation. To remedy this and to validate the found failure mechanisms, a prototype thread compound was developed. The conclusion was that a successful high–temperature–resistant environmentally acceptable thread compound can be developed using the methodology described. The key property of this thread compound is the ability to form a tribofilm during makeup that protects the surface at a later stage when the lubricant has lost its consistency and the base oil is fully evaporated.