bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secure user authentication scheme with novel server mutual verification for multiserver environments
Authors: Park YoHan , Park KiSung , Park YoungHo 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe fast growth of mobile services and devices has made the conventional single‐server architecture ineffective from the point of its functional requirements. To extend the scalability and availability of mobile services to various applications, it is required to deploy multiserver architecture. In 2016, Moon et al insisted that Lu et al's scheme is weak to insiders and impersonation attack, then they proposed a biometric‐based scheme for authentication and key agreement of users in multiserver environments. Unfortunately, we analyze Moon et al's scheme and demonstrate that their scheme does not withstand various attacks from a malicious registered server. We propose a user authentication scheme with server mutual verification to overcome these security drawbacks. The proposed scheme withstands an attack from malicious insiders in multiserver environments. We use a threshold cryptography to strengthen the process of server authorization and to provide better security functionalities. We then prove the authentication and session key of the proposed scheme using Burrows‐Abadi‐Needham (BAN) logic and show that our proposed scheme is secure against various attacks.
A BUS‐aided RSU access scheme based on SDN and evolutionary game in the Internet of Vehicle
Authors: Jia Fang , Chen Chen , Li Jiajun , Chen Lanlan , Li Na 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe Internet of Vehicle (IoV) is known as a kind of highly dynamic network, in which the vehicle needs to exchange information with the fixed Roadside Unit (RSU) or other moving vehicles frequently. In order to improve the performance of existing RSU access schemes, in this paper, we proposed a BUS‐aided RSU connection scheme based on the software‐defined networking (SDN) and evolutionary game theory, in which the costs during multiple‐user access and following RSU handoff are considered. At first, we constructed a SDN‐IoV architecture and showed the benefits by introducing SDN into IoV. After that, we modified the original OpenFlow protocol stack in order to apply it to the wireless vehicular networks. Next, to explore more accessing opportunities in moving cases, the BUS was further introduced as a mobile RSU. With these fixed and mobile RSUs, an evolutionary game is then envisioned to model the multiple‐user access process with the aim to maximize the rewards of all participants. To make our proposed protocol practical, we also illustrated the implementation procedure of our protocol on the OPNET platform and gave out the finite state machine (FSM) of major routines. Numerical results showed that our proposed scheme could outperform the schemes without BUS, SDN, and game theory enabled, in terms of RSU load ratio, throughput, and handoff times.
Association of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers with chronic stress in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Siddiqui Azaz , Desai Nimesh G. , Sharma Suman B. , Aslam Mohammad , Sinha Uday K. , Madhu Sri V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsChronic stress is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Oxidative stress and inflammation are potential mediators of this risk. This study was conducted to investigate the association of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers with chronic stress and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.MethodsOxidative stress/antioxidant status (malondialdehyde [MDA], reduce glutathione [GSH], glutathione reductase [GR], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD]), inflammatory markers (highly sensitive C‐reactive protein [hsCRP], adiponectin, leptin), chronic stress levels as assessed by stress scales—presumptive stressful life events scale (PSLES), perceived stress scale (PSS), sense of coherence (SOC) and stress biomarker—salivary cortisol in 125 subjects with newly detected diabetes mellitus (NDDM) were compared with an equal number of age and sex matched subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).ResultsNDDM subjects as compared with NGT had significantly increased MDA (P < 0.001), hsCRP (P < 0.001), and leptin (P = 0.014) levels and increased GR (P = 0.043) and SOD (P < 0.001) activity along with decreased GSH (P < 0.001) and adiponectin (P < 0.001) levels. They also had significantly higher PSLES‐LT and PSS and lower SOC scores along with elevated levels of 10:00 pm salivary cortisol and post dexamethasone salivary cortisol as compared with NGT. In stepwise logistic regression analysis, variables GSH (OR: 0.805), SOD (OR: 1.004), and adiponectin (OR: 0.771) along with PSLES‐LT (OR: 1.007), PSS (OR: 1.147), SOC (OR: 0.667), salivary cortisol 10:00 pm (OR: 1.382), WC (OR: 1.087), and HOMA‐IR (OR: 2.721) emerged as significant predictors of NDDM.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that chronic psychological stress and stress responses are associated significantly with inflammation and oxidative stress, which could act as mediating stress related risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
Retinoic acid signaling in vascular development
Authors: Pawlikowski Brad , Wragge Jacob , Siegenthaler Julie A. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryFormation of the vasculature is an essential developmental process, delivering oxygen and nutrients to support cellular processes needed for tissue growth and maturation. Retinoic acid (RA) and its downstream signaling pathway is vital for normal pre‐ and post‐natal development, playing key roles in the specification and formation of many organs and tissues. Here, we review the role of RA in blood and lymph vascular development, beginning with embryonic yolk sac vasculogenesis and remodeling and discussing RA's organ‐specific roles in angiogenesis and vessel maturation. In particular, we highlight the multi‐faceted role of RA signaling in CNS vascular development and acquisition of blood–brain barrier properties.
A new cognitive behavior therapy for adolescents with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in a day treatment setting: A clinical case series
Authors: Dumont Eric , Jansen Anita , Kroes Diana , de Haan Eline , Mulkens Sandra 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a new diagnosis in the DSM‐5 Feeding and Eating Disorders section, for which very limited treatment research has been carried out, yet. A new, 4‐week exposure based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) day treatment, which integrated the inhibitory learning principles, was developed for adolescents with ARFID, and tested in the current study.MethodA nonconcurrent multiple baseline design was used in a clinical case series of eleven 10‐ to 18‐year‐old patients. After baseline, the 4‐week CBT followed. Measurements of DSM‐5 ARFID diagnosis, food neophobia and related measures such as body weight and length, were taken at baseline (t1), at the end of the 4‐week intensive day treatment (t2) and 3 months after treatment (follow‐up, t3). A food selectivity test, a 1‐week food diary, and behavioral measures on food intake were also taken at baseline and at 3‐month follow‐up. Furthermore, continuous measurements of believability of dysfunctional cognitions, anxiety, and food acceptance were taken throughout the 4‐weeks day treatment.ResultsAt follow‐up, 10 out of 11 patients were in remission and had a healthy body weight and an average, age‐adequate nutritional intake. For most patients, food neophobia scores decreased to a nonclinical range. The belief in dysfunctional cognitions and anxiety levels decreased during treatment.DiscussionThis new exposure‐based CBT for adolescents with ARFID seems promising. These results may be very useful for clinical practice and stimulate further development of effective CBT interventions in the area of ARFID.
Molecular diet analysis finds an insectivorous desert bat community dominated by resource sharing despite diverse echolocation and foraging strategies
Authors: Gordon Rowena , Ivens Sally , Ammerman Loren K. , Fenton M. Brock , Littlefair Joanne E. , Ratcliffe John M. , Clare Elizabeth L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInterspecific differences in traits can alter the relative niche use of species within the same environment. Bats provide an excellent model to study niche use because they use a wide variety of behavioral, acoustic, and morphological traits that may lead to multi‐species, functional groups. Predatory bats have been classified by their foraging location (edge, clutter, open space), ability to use aerial hawking or substrate gleaning and echolocation call design and flexibility, all of which may dictate their prey use. For example, high frequency, broadband calls do not travel far but offer high object resolution while high intensity, low frequency calls travel further but provide lower resolution. Because these behaviors can be flexible, four behavioral categories have been proposed: (a) gleaning, (b) behaviorally flexible (gleaning and hawking), (c) clutter‐tolerant hawking, and (d) open space hawking. Many recent studies of diet in bats use molecular tools to identify prey but mainly focus on one or two species in isolation; few studies provide evidence for substantial differences in prey use despite the many behavioral, acoustic, and morphological differences. Here, we analyze the diet of 17 sympatric species in the Chihuahuan desert and test the hypothesis that peak echolocation frequency and behavioral categories are linked to differences in diet. We find no significant correlation between dietary richness and echolocation peak frequency though it spanned close to 100 kHz across species. Our data, however, suggest that bats which use both gleaning and hawking strategies have the broadest diets and are most differentiated from clutter‐tolerant aerial hawking species.
Sex and occupation time influence niche space of a recovering keystone predator
Authors: Rechsteiner Erin U. , Watson Jane C. , Tinker M. Tim , Nichol Linda M. , Morgan Henderson Matthew J. , McMillan Christie J. , DeRoos Mike , Fournier Marie C. , Salomon Anne K. , Honka Leah D. , Darimont Chris T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPredators exert strong effects on ecological communities, particularly when they re‐occupy areas after decades of extirpation. Within species, such effects can vary over time and by sex and cascade across trophic levels. We used a space‐for‐time substitution to make foraging observations of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) across a gradient of reoccupation time (1–30 years), and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis to ask whether (a) sea otter niche space varies as a function of occupation time and (b) whether niche space varies by sex. We found that niche space varied among areas of different occupation times. Dietary niches at short occupation times were dominated by urchins (Mesocentrotus and Strongylocentrotus spp; >60% of diets) in open habitats at 10–40 m depths. At longer occupation times, niches were dominated by small clams (Veneroida; >30% diet), mussels (Mytilus spp; >20% diet), and crab (Decapoda; >10% diet) in shallow (<10 m) kelp habitats. Diet diversity was lowest (H′ = 1.46) but energy rich (~37 kcal/min) at the earliest occupied area and highest, but energy poor (H′ = 2.63, ~9 kcal/min) at the longest occupied area. A similar transition occurred through time at a recently occupied area. We found that niche space also differed between sexes, with bachelor males consuming large clams (>60%), and urchins (~25%) from deep waters (>40 m), and females and territorial males consuming smaller, varied prey from shallow waters (<10 m). Bachelor male diets were less diverse (H′ = 2.21) but more energy rich (~27 kcal/min) than territorial males (H′ = 2.54, ~13 kcal/min) and females (H′ = 2.74, ~11 kcal/min). Given recovering predators require adequate food and space, and the ecological interactions they elicit, we emphasize the importance of investigating niche space over the duration of recovery and considering sex‐based differences in these interactions.
Developmental and genetic effects on behavioral and life‐history traits in a field cricket
Authors: Wey Tina W. , Réale Denis , Kelly Clint D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA fundamental goal of evolutionary ecology is to identify the sources underlying trait variation on which selection can act. Phenotypic variation will be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, and adaptive phenotypic plasticity is expected when organisms can adjust their phenotypes to match environmental cues. Much recent research interest has focused on the relative importance of environmental and genetic factors on the expression of behavioral traits, in particular, and how they compare with morphological and life‐history traits. Little research to date examines the effect of development on the expression of heritable variation in behavioral traits, such as boldness and activity. We tested for genotype, environment, and genotype‐by‐environment differences in body mass, development time, boldness, and activity, using developmental density treatments combined with a quantitative genetic design in the sand field cricket (Gryllus firmus). Similar to results from previous work, animals reared at high densities were generally smaller and took longer to mature, and body mass and development time were moderately heritable. In contrast, neither boldness nor activity responded to density treatments, and they were not heritable. The only trait that showed significant genotype‐by‐environment differences was development time. It is possible that adaptive behavioral plasticity is not evident in this species because of the highly variable social environments it naturally experiences. Our results illustrate the importance of validating the assumption that behavioral phenotype reflects genetic patterns and suggest questions about the role of environmental instability in trait variation and heritability.
Epithelium‐specific MyD88 signaling, but not DCs or macrophages, control acute intestinal infection with Clostridium difficile
Authors: Mamareli Panagiota , Kruse Friederike , Friedrich Christin , Smit Nathiana , Strowig Till , Sparwasser Tim , Lochner Matthias 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInfection with Clostridium difficile is one of the major causes of health care acquired diarrhea and colitis. Signaling though MyD88 downstream of TLRs is critical for initiating the early protective host response in mouse models of C. difficile infection (CDI). In the intestine, MyD88 is expressed in various tissues and cell types, such as the intestinal epithelium and mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), including DC or macrophages. Using a genetic gain‐of‐function system, we demonstrate here that restricting functional MyD88 signaling to the intestinal epithelium, but also to MNPs is sufficient to protect mice during acute CDI by upregulation of the intestinal barrier function and recruitment of neutrophils. Nevertheless, we also show that mice depleted for CD11c‐expressing MNPs in the intestine display no major defects in mounting an effective inflammatory response, indicating that the absence of these cells is irrelevant for inducing host protection during acute infection. Together, our results highlight the importance of epithelial‐specific MyD88 signaling and demonstrate that although functional MyD88 signaling in DC and macrophages alone is sufficient to correct the phenotype of MyD88‐deficiency, these cells do not seem to be essential for host protection in MyD88‐sufficient animals during acute infection with C. difficile.
Rapid Measuring Flavor Quality Changes of Frying Rapeseed Oils using a Flash Gas Chromatography Electronic Nose
Authors: Xu Lirong , Li Xu , Huang Jianhua , Gao Pan , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: February 2019

A flash gas chromatography electronic nose (FGC E‐nose) is applied to measure flavor quality changes and monitor the oxidation process of rapeseed oils during frying. Partial least squares regression (PLS) is applied to determine the relationship between total polar compounds (TPC) and some volatile compounds determined by FGC E‐nose in frying rapeseed oils. Qualitative differentiation between frying oil samples with different frying time is analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The PCA and HCA results show that the FGC E‐nose could be used to discriminate oil samples with different frying time. The results show a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.98; SD = 1.433) between TPC in oil samples measured by AOCS method and that predicted by the FGC E‐nose responses using PLS method. Thus, this study indicates that the FGC E‐nose method could be available for rapid at‐ or on‐line implementation in oxidation control of frying oils.Practical Applications: Standard methods for determining the TPC of frying oil samples are labor‐intensive and require toxic chemicals. The volatile compounds determined by FGC E‐nose show a good linear relationship with TPC in frying rapeseed oil samples. The FGC E‐nose technique is suitable to monitor the frying process and the proposed method has the potential to be a more rapid and convenient tool for quality control of frying oils.A flash gas chromatography electronic nose (FGC E‐nose) is applied to measure flavor quality changes and monitor the oxidation process of rapeseed oils during frying. Partial least squares regression is applied to determine the relationship between total polar compounds and some volatile compounds determined by FGC E‐nose in frying rapeseed oils.
Combination of Hydrophilic or Lipophilic Natural Compounds to Improve the Oxidative Stability of Flaxseed Oil
Authors: Roschel Gabriela Grassmann , Silveira Tayse Ferreira Ferreira da , Cajaiba Letícia Maeda , Castro Inar Alves 
Published: February 2019

Oxidation of bulk oils involves radical molecules, transitions metals, and association colloids, among other factors. Combining mechanistically different antioxidants is one possible strategy to improve oxidative stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids rich oils. However, antioxidant polarity may play a critical role in the oxidative protection efficacy. Thus, the objective of this study is to formulate a hydrophilic mixture (HM) containing sinapic, ascorbic, and citric acid; and a lipophilic mixture (LM) composed of α‐tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, and citric acid; and apply these mixtures in crude, and stripped flaxseed oils. The oxidative stability of crude oil samples containing HM and LM is comparable to that of artificial compounds mixture (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA] and terc‐butyl hydroquinone [TBHQ]). HM is more effective than LM in crude oil, but not in stripped oil, suggesting a strong influence of minor components on antioxidant activity of natural compounds.Practical Applications: The increasing demand for foods containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) brings the challenge of their chemical stabilization. Here, a strategic mixture of hydrophilic natural antioxidants is effective to stabilize flaxseed oil, with effectiveness comparable to that of artificial antioxidants. Therefore, this HM constitutes a feasible and efficient option to be applied by food producers, especially in formulations that present a health claim.
A multiplex SNP genotyping by allele‐specificspecific PCR based on stem‐loop and universal fluorescent primers of Chr1daxin mice
Authors: Wang Maochun , Xu Fuyi , Chen Ke , Li Xiaoning , Li Kai , Zhou Yuxun , Xiao Junhua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are one of the most common markers in mammals. Rapid, accurate, and multiplex typing of SNPs is critical for subsequent biological and genetic research. In this study, we have developed a novel method for multiplex genotyping SNPs in mice. The method involves allele‐specific PCR amplification of genomic DNA with two stem‐loop primers accompanied by two different universal fluorescent primers. Blue and green fluorescent signals were conveniently detected on a DNA sequencer. We verified four SNPs of 65 mice based on the novel method, and it is well suited for multiplex genotyping as it requires only one reaction per sample in a single tube with multiplex PCR. The use of universal fluorescent primers greatly reduces the cost of designing different fluorescent probes for each SNP. Therefore, this method can be applied to many biological and genetic studies, such as multiple candidate gene testing, genome‐wide association study, pharmacogenetics, and medical diagnostics.
Novel seizure outcomes in patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome: Post hoc analysis of seizure‐free days in rufinamide Study 303
Authors: Auvin Stéphane , Williams Betsy , McMurray Rob , Kumar Dinesh , Perdomo Carlos , Malhotra Manoj 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveDrug development for patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is based on clinical trials that use drop seizure counts. However, such counts do not assess total seizure burden and affect a patient's quality of life (QoL). In this post hoc analysis, we evaluated two novel seizure efficacy parameters related to QoL in pediatric patients with LGS, using seizure diary data from rufinamide Study 303 (NCT01405053).MethodsStudy 303 was a phase III, multicenter, randomized, controlled, open‐label study involving patients aged ≥1 to <4 years with inadequately controlled LGS. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive add‐on therapy with rufinamide or any other approved antiseizure drug (ASD), in addition to their existing treatment of 1‐3 ASDs, across a 106‐week treatment phase. Seizure diaries, completed by parents or caregivers, recorded seizure occurrence, and were used in this post hoc analysis to evaluate two novel efficacy parameters comparing baseline vs postbaseline mean number of seizure‐free days and assessing time to reach the number of prerandomization seizures for patients receiving rufinamide or any other ASD.ResultsPatients received rufinamide (n = 25) or any other ASD (n = 12). For rufinamide, mean number of seizure‐free days was 42.2% greater postbaseline compared with baseline (P < 0.0001); only one rufinamide patient experienced a decrease in number of seizure‐free days postbaseline. Median time to reach the baseline number of seizures increased by 10.5 days for rufinamide and 0.5 days for the any‐other‐ASD group during the treatment phase, to 46.0 and 54.0 days, respectively.SignificanceBoth of these novel and contrasting endpoints demonstrated potential improvements in seizure outcomes in patients receiving rufinamide postbaseline vs baseline. Although these parameters should be investigated in larger patient populations, our initial findings suggest that they could be applied as predefined primary endpoints for seizure assessment in future clinical trials for LGS drug development.