bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective review of 93 cases of cellular dermatofibromas
Authors: Siegel Dana R. , Schneider Samantha L. , Chaffins Marsha , Rambhatla Pranita V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCellular dermatofibromas (CDF) are an uncommon variant of benign fibrous histiocytomas with propensity to recur and rarely metastasize as well as demonstrate histologic similarities to more dangerous lesions.ObjectivesThe aim of this present study was to further describe the presentation and outcome of the cellular variant of benign fibrous histiocytomas so that it can be diagnosed and treated appropriately.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on all patients seen in a single hospital system in Detroit, Michigan, from 2007 to 2017. CDF was confirmed by pathology. Baseline demographics, specialty service of diagnosis and treatment, treatment modality, and outcome were collected.ResultsOf the 93 qualifying patients, the average age at diagnosis was 42.65 years. The most common specialty service that diagnosed and treated patients was dermatology (38.71%). About 95.0% of CDF stained positive for Factor 13A (19/20), and 90.48% were CD34 negative (19/21). Of patients, 33.33% had recurrences of their CDF (9/27). Two patients had three or more recurrences. One patient's death was attributed to the CDF.ConclusionCDF have a high local recurrence rate and similarities to more dangerous and malignant lesions. Patients with cellular dermatofibromas present to many subspecialty services for diagnosis and should be treated aggressively.
How stressful is retirement! Antecedents of stress linked to athletes’ career termination
Authors: Pica Gennaro , Mallia Luca , Pierro Antonio , Alivernini Fabio , Borellini Valter , Lucidi Fabio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA field study conducted with professional athletes (N = 420, 72.2% men, Mage = 25.14) examined the antecedents of stress linked to career termination. We hypothesized that stress linked to career termination may be affected by the type of passion (harmonious and obsessive) athletes develop for their sport activity, and that this passion may be affected by regulatory mode orientations (locomotion and assessment) and need for closure (NFC). The present findings confirm our hypotheses that locomotion positively predict stress linked to career termination through a partial mediation of harmonious passion, while assessment and NFC negatively predict stress through the mediation of obsessive passion. In conclusion, this study provides further information to existing intervention programs aimed at preventing the negative consequences related to athletes’ career termination.
Inverse association of plasma leptin with cortical thickness at distal radius determined with a quantitative ultrasound device in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kurajoh Masafumi , Inaba Masaaki , Motoyama Koka , Kuriyama Nagato , Ozaki Etsuko , Koyama Teruhide , Yamada Shinsuke , Morioka Tomoaki , Imanishi Yasuo , Emoto Masanori 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionOsteoporosis is known to be intimately related to sympathetic nerve activity. We examined the relationship of plasma leptin with cortical and trabecular bone components in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study included 182 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (93 men, 89 women). Cortical thickness (CoTh) and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) were determined at the 5.5% distal radius using an LD‐100 ultrasonic bone densitometry device. Plasma leptin along with physical and laboratory measurements was simultaneously determined.ResultsPlasma leptin, but not body mass index (BMI), was inversely correlated with CoTh (ρ = −0.487, P < 0.001), while BMI, but not plasma leptin, was positively correlated with trabecular BMD (ρ = 0.369, P < 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, after adjustments for age, sex, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin A1c, albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, parathyroid hormone and handgrip strength, plasma leptin was inversely associated with CoTh (β = −0.258, P < 0.001), but not trabecular BMD. Furthermore, plasma leptin level retained a significant association with CoTh after further adjustment for BMI (β = −0.237, P < 0.001) and BMI plus waist‐to‐hip ratio (β = −0.243, P < 0.001). In contrast, the “sex × leptin” interaction was not significant (P = 0.596).ConclusionsLeptin level in plasma, independent of BMI and BMI plus waist‐to‐hip ratio, was shown to be inversely associated with CoTh, but not trabecular BMD, suggesting that hyperleptinemia resulting from obesity might contribute to cortical porosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The endangered White's seahorse Hippocampus whitei chooses artificial over natural habitats
Authors: Simpson Michael , Morris Rebecca L. , Harasti David , Coleman Ross A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo explore whether the endangered White's seahorse Hippocampus whitei would choose to inhabit artificial over natural habitats, 10 adult H. whitei individuals were put through a series of binary choice trials in aquaria, during which they were offered different paired combinations of natural (different types of macroalga and seagrass) and artificial habitat (panels of swimming‐net material). It was found that H. whitei displayed a significant choice for swimming‐net material over all other available natural habitats and chose habitats according to the following rankings: (a) Net; (b) Sargassum sp.; (c) Posidonia australis; (d) Zostera muelleri. Hippocampus whitei’s choice of swimming net material over natural habitat suggests that these artificial structures could be a useful conservation measure for seahorses in areas where natural habitat is becoming less favourable due to declines in abundance or quality.
Anadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout Salmo trutta: the role of genes and the environment
Authors: Ferguson Andrew , Reed Thomas E. , Cross Tom F. , McGinnity Philip , Prodöhl Paulo A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBrown trout Salmo trutta is endemic to Europe, western Asia and north‐western Africa; it is a prominent member of freshwater and coastal marine fish faunas. The species shows two resident (river‐resident, lake‐resident) and three main facultative migratory life histories (downstream–upstream within a river system, fluvial–adfluvial potamodromous; to and from a lake, lacustrine–adfluvial (inlet) or allacustrine (outlet) potamodromous; to and from the sea, anadromous). River‐residency v. migration is a balance between enhanced feeding and thus growth advantages of migration to a particular habitat v. the costs of potentially greater mortality and energy expenditure. Fluvial–adfluvial migration usually has less feeding improvement, but less mortality risk, than lacustrine–adfluvial or allacustrine and anadromous, but the latter vary among catchments as to which is favoured. Indirect evidence suggests that around 50% of the variability in S. trutta migration v. residency, among individuals within a population, is due to genetic variance. This dichotomous decision can best be explained by the threshold‐trait model of quantitative genetics. Thus, an individual's physiological condition (e.g., energy status) as regulated by environmental factors, genes and non‐genetic parental effects, acts as the cue. The magnitude of this cue relative to a genetically predetermined individual threshold, governs whether it will migrate or sexually mature as a river‐resident. This decision threshold occurs early in life and, if the choice is to migrate, a second threshold probably follows determining the age and timing of migration. Migration destination (mainstem river, lake, or sea) also appears to be genetically programmed. Decisions to migrate and ultimate destination result in a number of subsequent consequential changes such as parr–smolt transformation, sexual maturity and return migration. Strong associations with one or a few genes have been found for most aspects of the migratory syndrome and indirect evidence supports genetic involvement in all parts. Thus, migratory and resident life histories potentially evolve as a result of natural and anthropogenic environmental changes, which alter relative survival and reproduction. Knowledge of genetic determinants of the various components of migration in S. trutta lags substantially behind that of Oncorhynchus mykiss and other salmonines. Identification of genetic markers linked to migration components and especially to the migration–residency decision, is a prerequisite for facilitating detailed empirical studies. In order to predict effectively, through modelling, the effects of environmental changes, quantification of the relative fitness of different migratory traits and of their heritabilities, across a range of environmental conditions, is also urgently required in the face of the increasing pace of such changes.
Transitional Care Outcomes in Veterans Receiving Post‐Acute Care in a Skilled Nursing Facility
Authors: Burke Robert E. , Canamucio Anne , Glorioso Thomas J. , Barón Anna E. , Ryskina Kira L. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUNDAs the veteran population ages, more veterans are receiving post‐acute care in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). However, the outcomes of these transitions across Veterans Affairs (VA) and non‐VA settings are unclear.OBJECTIVETo measure adverse outcomes in veterans transitioning from hospital to SNF in VA and non‐VA hospitals and SNFs.DESIGNRetrospective observational study using the 2012 to 2014 Residential History File, which concatenates VA, Medicare, and Medicaid data into longitudinal episodes of care for veterans.SETTINGVA and non‐VA hospitals and SNFs in four categories: non‐VA SNFs, VA‐contracted SNFs, VA Community Living Centers (CLCs), and State Veterans Homes.PARTICIPANTSVeterans, aged 65 years or older, who were acutely hospitalized and discharged to an SNF; one transition was randomly selected per patient.MEASUREMENTSAdverse “transitional care” outcomes were a composite of hospital readmission, emergency department visit, or mortality within 7 days of hospital discharge.RESULTSMore than four in five veteran transitions (81.7%) occurred entirely outside the VA system. The overall 7‐day outcome rate was 10.7% in the 388 339 veterans included. Adverse outcomes were lowest in VA hospital–CLC transitions (7.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.1%‐7.8%) and highest in non‐VA hospital to VA‐contracted nursing home transitions (17.5%; 95% CI = 16.0%‐18.9%) in unadjusted analysis. In multivariate analyses adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics, VA hospitals had lower adverse outcome rates than non‐VA hospitals (odds ratio [OR] = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.74‐0.86). In comparison to VA hospital–VA CLC transitions, non‐VA hospital to VA‐contracted nursing homes (OR = 2.51; 95% CI = 2.09‐3.02) and non‐VA hospital to CLC (OR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.81‐2.79) had the highest overall adverse outcome rates.CONCLUSIONMost veteran hospital‐SNF transitions occur outside the VA, although adverse transitional care outcomes are lowest inside the VA. These findings raise important questions about the VA's role as a provider and payer of post‐acute care in SNFs. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1820–1826, 2019
Stability of creatine monohydrate and guanidinoacetic acid during manufacture (retorting and extrusion) and storage of dog foods
Authors: van der Poel Antonius F. B. , Braun Ulrike , Hendriks Wouter H. , Bosch Guido 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe stability of creatine monohydrate (CrMH), crystallised guanidinoacetic acid (GAA‐C) and granulated GAA (GAA‐G) in a moist retorted and a dry extruded dog food formulation during production and storage was investigated. Commercial food mixtures were supplemented with CrMH, GAA‐C or GAA‐G. Uniformity after mixing and retorting or extrusion was determined based on replicate samples (moist n = 8, dry n = 10). Storage stability was evaluated at 25°C/60% relative humidity for 15 months and 40°C/75% for 6 months. Foods with CrMH were analysed for creatine (Cr) and creatinine (Crn), whereas GAA‐C and GAA‐G foods were analysed for GAA concentrations. Coefficients of variation (CV) for uniformity of the additives after mixing of moist and dry pet food formulations were below 15%, and the CV was lower in processed mixtures. Recoveries after retorting and extrusion were higher for GAA‐G (79 and 99%) and GAA‐C (89 and 86%) compared to CrMH (36 and 85%) foods. In moist CrMH food, Cr concentrations re‐increased by 54% whilst Crn concentrations decreased by 39% after storage at 25°C for 15 months. With total molar Cr + Crn remaining stable throughout storage, Crn and Cr appeared to effectively interconvert. Storage of the extruded CrMH food at 25°C for 15 months resulted in a 63% decrease in Cr and a 39% increase in Crn concentration. The decrease in Cr concentration was larger at 6 months storage at 40°C compared to 15 months storage at 25°C. Both GAA‐C and GAA‐G moist and dry foods were stable during storage (<10% decrease). This study showed that GAA is highly stable during production and storage of moist and dry canine foods whilst CrMH is relatively unstable, particularly during storage. The latter makes it difficult to establish a guaranteed Cr content in finished moist retorted and dry extruded foods with CrMH.
Reef fish structure assemblages in oceanic islands of the eastern tropical Pacific: Revillagigedo Archipelago and Clipperton atoll
Authors: Fourriére Manon , Reyes‐Bonilla Héctor , Galván‐Villa Cristian Moisés , Ayala Bocos Arturo , Alejandro Rodríguez‐Zaragoza Fabián 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRevillagigedo Archipelago and Clipperton atoll are oceanic islands located in the eastern tropical Pacific. The composition and trophic structure of their fish assemblages have never been characterized in detail, and the aim of this study was therefore to analyse the community structure and assess the similarity of fish assemblages between these two areas. Underwater visual fish censuses were conducted using band transects at two depth levels in three islands of the Revillagigedo Archipelago (Socorro, San Benedicto, and Roca Partida) and at Clipperton atoll. We calculated ecological indices (density, richness, Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness, and taxonomic distinctiveness) for each transect. These were compared in order to determine quantitative differences among the islands and bathymetric levels. Qualitative analyses (ANOSIM, nMDS, and SIMPER) were also performed. Finally, we analysed the trophic structure of the assemblages and the functional diversity of the four studied sites. The results showed significant differences for all indices, except diversity (H′). Roca Partida was the site with greatest abundance and richness due to the presence of pelagic species in large numbers. No significant differences were found in functional diversity, suggesting a high degree of ecological redundancy. Lower‐level carnivores with mean trophic level values of between 3.3 and 3.8 dominated both areas. The ordination analysis did not show a clear difference in fish composition among the islands, although Clipperton atoll has a particular fauna characterized by endemic species (Thalassoma robertsoni and Stegastes baldwini). In conclusion, the fish communities of the studied areas seem quite similar, but their assemblage structure differs. In particular, Clipperton is differentiated by the influence of endemic species.
The carbon catabolite repressor CcpA mediates optimal competence development in Streptococcus oligofermentans through post‐transcriptional regulation
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Cai Jun , Shang Nan , Zhu Lin , Shao Nana , Dong Xiuzhu , Tong Huichun 
Published: May 2019

SummaryNatural transformation increases the genetic diversity of bacteria, but is costly and must be strictly controlled. We previously found that deletion of ccpA, a key regulator of carbon catabolite repression (CCR), reduced transformation efficiency of Streptococcus oligofermentans, the current work further investigated the regulatory mechanisms of CcpA. The competence operon comCDE is subjected to basal and autoregulatory transcription. A luciferase reporter detected a transcriptional readthrough (TRT) from the upstream tRNAArg into the comCDE operon, which was induced by L‐arginine. Insertion of the Escherichia coli T1T2 terminator downstream of tRNAArg abolished TRT, and reduced the basal comCDE transcription by 77% and also the transformation efficiency. Deletion of ccpA increased tRNAArg TRT and tRNAArg‐comCDE polycistronic transcript by twofold. An in vitro transcription assay determined that CcpA promoted the transcription termination of tRNAArg TRT, and RNA EMSA and SPR assays detected equal binding affinity of CcpA to both the RNA and DNA of tRNAArg. These results indicate that CcpA controls the basal comCDE transcription by post‐transcriptional actions. Overexpression of comDE or its phospho‐mimicking mutant comDED58E reduced transformation efficiency, indicating that excessive ComE impairs competence development. CCR‐regulated competence was further confirmed by higher tRNAArg TRT but lower transformation efficiency in galactose than in glucose.
Effect of pore size in bone regeneration using polydopamine‐laced hydroxyapatite collagen calcium silicate scaffolds fabricated by 3D mould printing technology
Authors: Lee Dong Joon , Kwon Jane , Kim Yong‐Il , Wang Xiaoyu , Wu Te‐Ju , Lee Yan‐Ting , Kim Steven , Miguez Patricia , Ko Ching‐Chang 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectiveThe pore size of the scaffold is a critical factor in repairing large bone defect. Here, we investigated the potential of bone regeneration using novel nanocomposite polydopamine‐laced hydroxyapatite collagen calcium silicate (HCCS‐PDA) scaffolds with two different pore sizes, 250 and 500 μm.Samples/SettingA total of 12 male Sprague‐Dawley rats were implanted with HCCS‐PDA scaffold with pore size of either 250 or 500 μm into surgically created critical‐sized defect (CSD).MethodsHCCS‐PDA scaffolds were fabricated using mould printing technique. The effect of pore size on mechanical strength of the scaffolds was assessed by compression testing. After seeding with rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the scaffolds were implanted, and new bone formation was evaluated using microCT and histomorphometric analysis after 8 weeks.ResultsMicroCT and histology analysis demonstrated restricted peripheral new bone formation in either dural or periosteal side and limited new bone formation in the 250 μm pore scaffold. Conversely, the 500‐μm pore scaffold showed more penetration of new bone into the scaffold and greater bone regeneration in the rat CSD.ConclusionBased on our results, which demonstrated improved new bone formation in 500 μm pores scaffold, we can conclude that effective scaffold pore size that induces osteointegration and bone regeneration is around 500 μm for HCCS‐PDA nanocomposite scaffold.
Comparison of condylar position in orthognathic surgery cases treated with virtual surgical planning vs. conventional model planning
Authors: Wan Ying , Jackson Tate , Chung Chooryung , Gao Fei , Blakey George , Nguyen Tung 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo assess the effect of virtual surgical planning (VSP) on the accuracy of condylar seating in surgical cases involving Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO). An additional aim was to quantify differences between actual surgical outcome and planned virtual outcome.Setting and sample populationA private practice in Charlotte North Carolina. Twenty‐five consecutively operated subjects prepared with VSP and twenty consecutively subjects operated with conventional surgery planning were enrolled.Material and MethodsCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained before surgery (T1) and post‐surgery after splint removal (T2). The T1 and T2 CBCTs were superimposed on the anterior cranial base using voxel‐based registration. Three dimensional (3D) models were built and oriented to a 3D Frankfurt horizontal. Displacement of corresponding condylar landmarks was measured.ResultsNo significant difference was found between the VSP and conventional group in the magnitude of translation or rotation of the condyles following surgery. VSP surgical outcomes differed significantly from predicted positions at all landmarks. Virtual surgical planning does not prevent changes to condylar position as a result of surgery. Actual surgical results differed significantly from VSP‐predicted outcomes.ConclusionsVirtual surgical planning did not reduce the changes to condylar position and angulation that resulted from conventionally planned orthognathic surgery.
Smile dimensions in adult African American and Caucasian females and males
Authors: Souccar Nada M. , Bowen David W. , Syed Zehra , Swain Thomas A. , Kau Chung How , Sarver David M. 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo test smile dimension variations in adult African American and Caucasian females and males.Setting and Sample PopulationThe University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry and Hospital. Three hundred and ninety‐four participants were recruited; African American females and males distributed over five age groups: 20‐30, 30‐40, 40‐50, 50‐60 and older than 60.Material & MethodsThree‐dimensional surface imaging was used to acquire two images of each participant, one at rest and one upon smile. Landmarks were plotted on the lips and linear distances measured to assess the length of the upper and lower lips, mouth width at rest and upon smile, gingival and dental display upon smile.ResultsLinear dimensions are larger in males than in females, and in African Americans than in Caucasians, except for the length of the upper lip that does not differ between male African American and Caucasian males, in any given age group. Gingival display and dental display decrease with age in all groups.ConclusionNorms should reflect race, age and sex in order to optimize treatment goals.
Craniofacial characterization of Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Johnson Christian M. , Spruiell Brittany , Wiesen Chris , Pimenta Luiz A. , Vann William , Frazier‐Bowers Sylvia A. 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectiveThe morbidity and mortality associated with the Marfan Syndrome (MFS) warrant timely diagnosis and intervention that can improve long‐term prognosis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a distinct craniofacial morphology exists for patients with MFS that can be described quantitatively and qualitatively.MethodsSubjects with a positive diagnosis of MFS were recruited for this study (N = 36). Craniofacial anthropometric measurements were made on each subject and compared to established norms of age‐ and sex‐matched controls using z‐scores calculated for measurements of MFS patients. Lateral and frontal photographs were obtained to make qualitative assessments and describe facial features of subjects, and a clinical examination was completed to document occlusal relationships.ResultsThe subjects were primarily female (58%) ranging in age between 4 and 57 years (mean age 10.7 ± 6.0 years). Comparison of craniofacial measurements revealed that for 10 of the 12 measurements, ≥65% of the study population had a z‐score of ± 2 and fell within the normal range for facial dimension. For 2 of the 12 measurements, over half of the subjects fell outside of the normal range (z‐score < −2 or > 2) for facial dimension. Specifically, the majority of participants resided in the supernormal category for biocular width and the subnormal category for width of the face. Photographic assessment revealed retrognathia (54%) and down‐slanting palpebral fissures (62%) were most prevalent in MFS patients.ConclusionOur data suggest there are quantitative differences in the facial morphology of patients with MFS when compared to a control population.