bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accruals quality, financial constraints, and corporate cash holdings
Authors: Mansali Hatem , Derouiche Imen , Jemai Karima 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how information asymmetry driven by earnings quality affects corporate cash holdings. It also investigates the role that financial constraints play in this effect.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper examines a large sample of 6,501 observations of 741 firms listed on Euronext Paris over the period 2000–2015. Earnings quality is computed using the Jones model performance-matched discretionary accruals developed by Kothari et al. (2005): the larger the absolute value of discretionary accruals, the lower the accruals quality.

Findings
The study finds that firms with poor accruals quality hold more cash and that cash holdings in firms of low reporting quality are higher under financial constraints. These results indicate that firms tend to increase their cash reserves in the presence of high information asymmetry which is notably driven by low accounting quality. The findings also suggest that information asymmetry associated with low reporting quality is greater when firms also have strong financial constraints. The study’s conclusions are consistent with the precautionary motive for cash holdings.

Practical implications
The results would enhance practitioners’ awareness of the importance of accounting choices in the management of cash policies. It would also give researchers an incentive to further explore how these policies are influenced by the precautionary behavior of managers.

Originality/value
This paper is the first work to investigate the effect of accruals quality on corporate cash holdings in the French equity market, which typically has a poor information environment resulting in high information asymmetry. Moreover, the role of financial constraints in this effect has not yet been explored.
Factors related to hospital utilisation for people living with schizophrenia: Examining Allen’s Cognitive Level Scores, recommended supports and routinely collected variables
Authors: Stewart Kylie , Hancock Nicola , Stancliffe Roger J. 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionAustralian occupational therapists working on mental health inpatient wards are often requested to assess a person’s function and, based on that assessment, recommend the best support environments for that person post‐discharge. The Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS) is a tool used by some therapists to screen cognitive functioning as a basis with which to make support recommendations. There is limited examination of the outcomes for people post‐discharge if the ACLS score‐based support recommendations are followed.MethodA retrospective cohort design involved quantitative analysis of archival data for 150 adult (18–65 years old) consumers with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia and an ACLS completed pre‐discharge. Data up to 12 months post‐discharge from hospital were studied. Outcomes examined included re‐presentations or readmission to hospital, length of time in community prior to re‐presentation and length of stay in hospital if readmitted.ResultsBeing younger, male, receiving formal supports, having a drug and alcohol disorder comorbidity, living in public housing and having a lower cognitive level as measured by the ACLS were significant univariate factors associated with higher hospital utilisation for one or more of the outcome variables. Multivariate analyses revealed fewer significant relationships, with being younger and receiving formal supports significantly associated with greater likelihood of return to hospital.ConclusionThis research contributes to evidence of the complexity of living with schizophrenia in the community and supporting people to stay out of hospital. More research regarding how the ACLS score‐aligned support recommendations are carried out and the impact on hospital utilisation is needed in order to enhance occupational therapists confidence in their use and prescription.
Atlantis: A spatially explicit end‐to‐end marine ecosystem model with dynamically integrated physics, ecology and socio‐economic modules
Authors: Audzijonyte Asta , Pethybridge Heidi , Porobic Javier , Gorton Rebecca , Kaplan Isaac , Fulton Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Marine ecosystem management is increasingly expected to take into account a wide range of ecological and socio‐economic factors. Decision‐making is helped by end‐to‐end ecosystem models that allow exploration of alternative management scenarios given a complex range of interacting factors.

We present Atlantis – a spatially structured largely deterministic end‐to‐end marine ecosystem model written in C, available for all major operating systems, based on dynamically interacting physics, biology, fisheries, management, assessment and economics submodels. A detailed installation guide and example application files are also provided.

One of the main features of Atlantis is its modularity. At the simplest level Atlantis can have uniform forcing of oceanographic processes, a single primary producer and a consumer. At the most complex level, Atlantis can be used with a range of environmentally driven ecological responses, complex and habitat‐dependent food web, dynamic assessment, management and fishing effort driven by market forces and human behaviour. The combination chosen should be guided by the available data and the questions to be answered.

Atlantis provides a large and customizable list of output files and summary statistics that can be analysed and plotted using a number of dedicated r packages.

When applying the Atlantis package, the users should be aware of the caveats associated with complex models, such as parameter and structural model uncertainty and challenges interpreting interactions of multiple processes.
Noninvasive long‐term ECG monitoring vs. loop recorder implantation for the atrial fibrillation management
Authors: Mamchur Sergey E. , Khomenko Egor A. , Chichkova Tatiana Y. , Romanova Maria P. , Evtushenko Veronika V. , Polikutina Olga M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to estimate the efficacy of a noninvasive ambulatory ECG monitoring (NIAM) in comparison with implantable loop recorder (ILR) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsThirty‐two patients 58 [47; 73] years of age with AF were included in the study. Patients were randomized into two groups: in group I (n = 15), “Reveal XT” ILR was used for invasive ECG monitoring up to 3 months; in group II (n = 17), “Spyder” device was used for NIAM up to 14 days.ResultsIn both groups, at least one AF episode was detected during 14 days of monitoring. The overall count of AF episodes was 25 in NIAM group and 28 in ILR group. The mean time between AF start and its registration by a physician was 8 hr in NIAM group and 20 hr in ILR group (p = .005). The diagnostic value parameters of NIAM were as follows: sensitivity—80.1%, specificity—73.1%; positive predictive value—74.1%; and negative predictive value—79.2%. The same parameters in ILR group were comparable with NIAM: sensitivity—78.6%; specificity—69%; positive predictive value—71%; and negative predictive value—77%. At the same time, continued monitoring with ILR for longer than two weeks did not lead to a significant change in the sensitivity and specificity of the method.ConclusionIn patients with paroxysmal AF, the diagnostic value of both NIAM and ILR is comparable. An increase in the duration of ECG monitoring for longer than two weeks does not provide additional diagnostic information.
A scoping review of parental experiences caring for their hospitalised medically fragile infants
Authors: Mackay Lyndsay J. , Benzies Karen M. , Barnard Chantelle , Hayden K Alix 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo synthesise and summarise evidence from published research articles regarding parental experiences caring for their hospitalised medically fragile infant.MethodsWe searched four electronic databases in April 2018 using three main concepts individually and in combination: infant, medically fragile, parents. We examined articles about experiences of parents caring for the medically fragile infant in a hospital setting. We conducted thematic analysis on the 34 included articles.ResultsParents experienced high rates of depressive symptoms, depression, stress, anxiety, distress and post traumatic stress. Parent‐infant interactions were disrupted. Parents experienced loss and worry in response to the diagnosis of their infant, which altered or delayed parental role attainment. Supports and coping were key for parents to manage their stress.ConclusionParents of medically fragile infants experience multiple stressors, elevated levels of mental health difficulties, trouble attaining their parental role and often struggle to cope. Development of interventional research is needed to test targeted strategies aimed at reducing parental stress and mental health difficulties. Interventions should include: screening for parental mental health, psychological support, healthcare professional education, strategies to enhance parent‐infant interactions and improved relationship competencies among healthcare professionals.
Mandating Work: A Social Psychological Analysis of Rising Neoliberalism in U.S. Public Assistance Programs
Authors: Bullock Heather E. , Twose Gabriel H. J. , Hamilton Veronica M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAligning with key neoliberal values of self‐sufficiency, privatization, free market capitalism, and limited state support, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), popularly referred to as “welfare reform,” ushered in new restrictions on the receipt of public assistance (e.g., work requirements and time limits). Despite considerable debate regarding PRWORA's success and limited evidence that work requirements are effective, the neoliberal emphasis on work that informed welfare reform is increasingly being extended to other U.S. safety net programs. This analysis critically interrogates the current neoliberal push to extend and/or expand work requirements to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Medicaid. Examining the neoliberal politics and ideology that undergirds U.S. welfare policy and legitimizes restrictive work requirements, we examine the cultural construction of work as redemptive, the covert and overt functions of work requirements, and the damaging consequences of shifting societal obligation from the state to individuals. In doing so, we draw attention to who is harmed by and who benefits from “welfare reform.” We also consider how psychological research can be leveraged to challenge restrictive welfare policies and the further spread of neoliberal work mandates.
Sophisticated but Scared: The Effects of Political Sophistication, Right‐Wing Authoritarianism, and Threat on Civil Liberty Restrictions
Authors: Carriere Kevin R. , Hendricks Margaret J. , Moghaddam Fathali M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite the widely ratifiedUnited Nations Declaration of Human Rights, support for civil liberties is easily eroded in times of threat. Understanding which factors moderate the relationship between threat and support for civil liberties is critical, yet remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we test a double moderation model in which support for the restriction of civil liberties in the face of threat is moderated by both right‐wing authoritarianism and political sophistication. In a national representative dataset (N= 12,507), those low on right‐wing authoritarianism became more like their high right‐wing authoritarian peers in the face of threat. Also, those more sophisticated about political issues were less supportive of restrictions on civil liberties, but only when threat was low. We tested this model on both restrictions for the in‐group, in terms of being wiretapped, and for the out‐group, in terms of torturing suspected terrorists. Our results suggest that increasing political sophistication may have desirable consequences when considering the outcomes for in‐group members, and we argue for increased efforts to expand the in‐group we seek to protect.
miR‐640 aggravates intervertebral disc degeneration via NF‐κB and WNT signalling pathway
Authors: Dong Wengang , Liu Jun , Lv Yang , Wang Fei , Liu Tao , Sun Siguo , Liao Bo , Shu Zhen , Qian Jixian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesLow back pain becomes a common orthopaedic disease today. It is mainly induced by the degeneration of the intervertebral disc. In this study, we tried to reveal the pathogenesis of the degeneration and the relative therapeutic strategy, which are still elusive.Materials and MethodsWe collected 15 degenerative intervertebral tissues and five healthy donors. Nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells were subcultured. miR‐640 expression was determined by qPCR. Computer analysis and luciferase reporter assay were used to confirm miR‐640 target genes. Immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical staining was used to trace the proinflammatory cytokines and key transductor of signalling pathways. We also used β‐galactosidase staining, flow cytometry, and cell viability assay to monitor the degenerative index.ResultsmiR‐640 overexpressed in patients derived degenerative nucleus pulposus tissues and cells. The inflammatory environment promoted miR‐640 expression via NF‐κB signalling pathway. In addition, miR‐640 targeted to LRP1 and enhances NF‐κB signal activity, which built a positive feedback loop. miR‐640 inhibited the expression of β‐catenin and EP300, therefore, restrained WNT signal and induced the degeneration in nucleus pulposus cells. miR‐640 inhibitor treatment exhibited the effects of anti‐inflammation, reverse WNT signalling pathway exhaustion, and remission of degenerative characteristics in vitro.ConclusionsmiR‐640 plays an important role in the degeneration of intervertebral disc and the relative inflammatory microenvironment. It is a promising potential therapeutic target for the low back pain biotherapy.
Social influence and forest habitat conservation: Experimental evidence from Vermont's maple producers
Authors: Byerly Hilary , D'Amato Anthony W. , Hagenbuch Steve , Fisher Brendan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWorking landscapes can provide biodiversity and ecosystem services. Many voluntary conservation programs ask those who manage working lands—farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners—to steward their resources in ways that maintain or increase these benefits. While research on landowners suggests the importance of social influence in management decisions, few studies have tested whether providing information about the behavior and opinions of others affects decisions related to private land and forest management, stewardship, or conservation. Using a randomized controlled trial design, we mailed three versions of a solicitation letter for a bird habitat conservation program to 967 individuals who manage forests to produce maple syrup. Maple producers who were messaged about recognition for participation were as likely to ask for more information about the program as those who received only a control message that described the program. Providing information about the participation of others had a negative effect on the number of producers requesting information compared to the control. These results highlight the importance of context in using social influence to change land manager behavior. Findings are relevant to conservation researchers and practitioners, offering applications of behavioral science to improve biodiversity and ecosystem service outcomes on private lands.
Objective quantification of vitreous haze on optical coherence tomography scans: no evidence for relationship between uveitis and inflammation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Coric D. , Ometto G. , Montesano G. , Keane P. A. , Balk L. J. , Uitdehaag B. M. J. , Petzold A. , Crabb D. P. , Denniston A. K. 
Published: July 2019

Background and purposeThe occurrence of intermediate uveitis, which is characterized by the presence of vitreous haze (VH), in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be a sign of coexistent inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disease activity. Using an automated algorithm to quantify VH on optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans, the aim was to investigate whether VH in MS patients is associated with signs of inflammatory CNS disease activity.MethodsVitreous haze was quantified on OCT macular volume scans of 290 MS patients and 85 healthy controls (HCs). The relationship between VH and clinical, retinal OCT and magnetic resonance imaging parameters of inflammatory disease activity was investigated using generalized estimating equations.ResultsMean VH scores did not differ between patients and HCs (P = 0.629). Six patients (2.1%) showed values higher than the highest of the controls by HCs. VH scores did not differ between the different disease types or between eyes with and without a history of optic neuritis (P = 0.132). VH was not associated with inner nuclear layer volume on OCT (P = 0.233), cerebral T2 lesion load on magnetic resonance imaging (P = 0.416) or the development of new relapses (P = 0.205).ConclusionIn this study, OCT‐based automated VH estimation did not detect increased vitreous inflammation in MS patients compared to HCs and did not find an association with CNS inflammatory burden.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, a predictive assessment tool, for postoperative complications after abdominal surgery: A prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Hanada Masatoshi , Yamauchi Kouta , Miyazaki Shinjiro , Hirasawa Jun , Oyama Yohei , Yanagita Yorihide , Takahata Hideaki , Kozu Ryo 
Published: July 2019

AimPatients awaiting abdominal surgery are often malnourished, which puts them at a high risk of postoperative complications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of preoperative nutritional status using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) on postoperative complications and the course of recovery for patients undergoing abdominal surgery.MethodsIn this prospective multicenter cohort study, we enrolled patients awaiting abdominal surgery from November 2015 to December 2017. The characteristics of patients and postoperative complications were compared between participants (median age 71 years; interquartile range 66–78 years) with low GNRI (<98) values and high GNRI (≥98) values. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to identify postoperative complications‐related factors.ResultsA total of 366 patients who underwent abdominal surgery were assessed. Patients in the low GNRI group had a significantly higher rate of postoperative complications (P = 0.01), and longer length of hospital stay compared with those in the high GNRI group (P < 0.01). Using multivariate analysis, low GNRI was found to be independently associated with postoperative complications (OR 2.50; P = 0.02) and activities of daily living on postoperative day 7 (OR 1.39; P = 0.03). Comorbidities, handgrip force for postoperative complications, age, preoperative chemotherapy and activities of daily living on postoperative day 7 were not independently associated.ConclusionsMalnutrition indicated by the GNRI might be predictive of postoperative complications after abdominal surgery and the delay of postoperative course. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 924–929.
On‐clamp versus off‐clamp partial nephrectomy: Propensity score‐matched comparison of long‐term functional outcomes
Authors: Simone Giuseppe , Capitanio Umberto , Tuderti Gabriele , Presicce Fabrizio , Leonardo Costantino , Ferriero Mariaconsiglia , Misuraca Leonardo , Costantini Manuela , Larcher Alessandro , Minisola Francesco , Guaglianone Salvatore , Anceschi Umberto , Muttin Fabio , Nini Alessandro , Trevisani Francesco , Montorsi Francesco , Bertini Roberto , Gallucci Michele 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo compare long‐term functional outcomes of off‐clamp or on‐clamp partial nephrectomy patients of two high‐volume centers with cT1–2/N0 M0 renal tumors and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min.MethodsA 3:1 propensity score‐matched analysis was used to select two homogeneous cohorts to compare off‐clamp versus on‐clamp partial nephrectomy. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to compare the 2–8‐year probabilities of estimated glomerular filtration rate modifications in both selected cohorts. The Kaplan–Meier method assessed the risk of developing a stage ≥3b chronic kidney disease during follow up. Multivariable analyses aimed to identify predictors of renal function deterioration. Perioperative complications and oncological outcomes were compared.ResultsOverall, 1073 patients were included (588 on‐clamp and 485 off‐clamp). After applying the propensity score‐matched analysis, the two cohorts of 157 on‐clamp and 472 off‐clamp patients did not differ for all covariates, except for warm ischemia time and last estimated glomerular filtration rate. At joinpoint analysis, the off‐clamp group showed higher probabilities of maintaining an unmodified estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.02). The probability of developing a stage ≥3b chronic kidney disease was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the on‐clamp cohort. At multivariable analysis, estimated glomerular filtration rate at discharge and off‐clamp approach were independent predictors of improved functional outcomes. Perioperative complications were comparable among the two cohorts (P = 0.67). There were not any statistically significant differences in terms of cancer‐specific survival (P = 0.26) and overall survival (P = 0.18).ConclusionsOff‐clamp partial nephrectomy seems to offer a higher probability of maintaining 100% estimated glomerular filtration rate after surgery. In our cohort, patients undergoing on‐clamp partial nephrectomy presented a 7.3‐fold increased risk of developing a severe chronic kidney disease during follow up.
Beta‐elemene inhibits breast cancer metastasis through blocking pyruvate kinase M2 dimerization and nuclear translocation
Authors: Pan Yanhong , Wang Wei , Huang Shuai , Ni Wenting , Wei Zhonghong , Cao Yuzhu , Yu Suyun , Jia Qi , Wu Yuanyuan , Chai Chuan , Zheng Qian , Zhang Lei , Wang Aiyun , Sun Zhiguang , Huang Shile , Wang Shijun , Chen Wenxing , Lu Yin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), playing a central role in regulating aerobic glycolysis, was considered as a promising target for cancer therapy. However, its role in cancer metastasis is rarely known. Here, we found a tight relationship between PKM2 and breast cancer metastasis, demonstrated by the findings that beta‐elemene (β‐elemene), an approved drug for complementary cancer therapy, exerted distinct anti‐metastatic activity dependent on PKM2. The results indicated that β‐elemene inhibited breast cancer cell migration, invasion in vitro as well as metastases in vivo. β‐Elemene further inhibited the process of aerobic glycolysis and decreased the utilization of glucose and the production of pyruvate and lactate through suppressing pyruvate kinase activity by modulating the transformation of dimeric and tetrameric forms of PKM2. Further analysis revealed that β‐elemene suppressed aerobic glycolysis by blocking PKM2 nuclear translocation and the expression of EGFR, GLUT1 and LDHA by influencing the expression of importin α5. Furthermore, the effect of β‐elemene on migration, invasion, PKM2 transformation, and nuclear translocation could be reversed in part by fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate (FBP) and L‐cysteine. Taken together, tetrameric transformation and nuclear translocation of PKM2 are essential for cancer metastasis, and β‐elemene inhibited breast cancer metastasis via blocking aerobic glycolysis mediated by dimeric PKM2 transformation and nuclear translocation, being a promising anti‐metastatic agent from natural compounds.