bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solidarity in dark times: Arendt and Gadamer on the politics of appearance
Authors: Gaffney Jennifer 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis essay surveys the theme of solidarity in the respective works of Hans‐Georg Gadamer and Hannah Arendt. Recent discourses in continental political philosophy have arrived at an impasse regarding solidarity. On the one hand, solidarities are important for galvanizing historically oppressed peoples against dominant discourses. On the other hand, solidarities that impose similarities in advance run the risk of absorbing difference and becoming exclusionary. Gadamer and Arendt, each in different manners, promise a distinctive approach to discourses on solidarity through their emphasis on the existential concern for human finitude. Both suggest that insofar as we are finite, we are bound together not by familiarity and sameness but rather by shared vulnerability, finding help with this vulnerability by remaining open to the difference and otherness that is always at stake in communal life. In this, Gadamer and Arendt open new paths to theorizing collectives in ways that embrace and defend difference rather than rejecting it. Moreover, both remind us of the urgency of such a notion of solidarity for responding to what, in allusion to Arendt, we may be inclined to call the dark times in which we live.
Dual character concepts
Authors: Reuter Kevin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSome of philosophy's most central concepts, including art, friendship, and happiness, have been argued to be dual character concepts. Their main characteristic is that they encode not only a descriptive dimension but also an independent normative dimension for categorization. This article introduces the class of dual character concepts and discusses various accounts of their content and structure. A specific focus will be placed on their relation to two other classes of concepts, thick concepts and natural kind concepts. The study of dual character concepts not only demonstrates that a wide range of concepts is inherently normative, but it also reveals new possibilities for investigating gender biases, generics, and social roles.
Paraprobiotics: an aquaculture perspective
Authors: Choudhury Tanmoy Gon , Kamilya Dibyendu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProbiotics, which are considered as live microbial adjunct conferring health benefits to the host, represent a potentially effective strategy for infectious disease control. Nevertheless, there has been growing concerns about safety, applicability and functionality issues associated with the live probiotic microorganisms. Concurrently, recent observations indicate that even the non‐viable counterparts of the probiotic organisms, also known as paraprobiotic, can be used to harness similar beneficial effects. Considering the limitations of probiotic application, paraprobiotics constitute a potential alternative strategy for improving health and wellness of fish and shellfish in aquaculture. Eventhough the concept of paraprobiotic is relatively established in higher vertebrate models and related food production sectors, its application in aquaculture is still in its early stage. In light of this, the present review delineates the concept of paraprobiotic, inactivation methods used for its preparation, the role of paraprobiotic in modifying biological responses as well as their potential application in aquaculture.
Starch gelatinization on the physical characteristics of aquafeeds and subsequent implications to the productivity in farmed aquatic animals
Authors: Romano Nicholas , Kumar Vikas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStarches are added macronutrients in aquafeeds to act as binders and provide inexpensive digestible energy to aquatic animals. These qualities can be further enhanced through gelatinization, which occurs when the crystalline region of amylopectin within the starch granule melts along with the leaching of amylose to form a gel matrix. This process readily occurs in the presence of heat and water, and therefore, some degree of starch gelatinization is ubiquitous in aquafeeds. When using simple technology, such as hand pelleters that employ less heat, pressure and shear forces, the inclusion of pre‐gelatinized starch can effectively improve pellet quality and digestibility in aquatic animals. In this review, the implications of starch gelatinization to various pellet characteristics will first be presented, followed by a brief discussion on carbohydrate metabolism in aquatic animals. A common feature of gelatinized starch in fish includes a higher digestibility; however, the implications to growth, physiology, post‐harvest quality as well as waste and disease management can depend on the host species, starch type and degree of gelatinization. This review comprehensively discusses these factors in various aquatic animals and such information may assist feed manufacturers and nutritionists to optimize cost‐effective feed formulations.
Control or influence? Conflict or solidarity? Understanding diversity in preferences for public participation in social policy decision making
Authors: Dean Rikki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractParticipatory policy making is a contested concept that can be understood in multiple ways. So how do those involved with participatory initiatives make sense of contrasting ideas of participation? What purposes and values do they associate with participatory governance? This paper reflects on a Q‐method study with a range of actors, from citizen activists to senior civil servants, involved with participatory initiatives in U.K. social policy. Using principal components analysis, supplemented with data from qualitative interviews, it identifies three shared participation preferences: participation as collective decision making, participation as knowledge transfer, and participation as agonism. These preferences demonstrate significant disagreements between the key informants, particularly concerning the objectives of participation, how much power should be afforded to the public, and what motivates people to participate. Their contrasting normative orientations are used to highlight how participatory governance theory and practice frequently fails to take seriously legitimate diversity in procedural preferences. Moreover, it is argued that, despite the diversity of preferences, there is a lack of imagination about how participation can function when social relations are conflictual.
Visualisation of deformation gradients in structural steel by macroscopic magnetic domain distribution imaging (Bitter technique)
Authors: Sonntag Nadja , Cabeza Sandra , Kuntner Markus , Mishurova Tatiana , Klaus Manuela , Kling e Silva Lucas , Skrotzki Birgit , Genzel Christoph , Bruno Giovanni 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhile classically used to visualise the magnetic microstructure of functional materials (e.g., for magnetic applications), in this study, the Bitter technique was applied for the first time to visualise macroscopic deformation gradients in a polycrystalline low‐carbon steel. Spherical indentation was chosen to produce a multiaxial elastic–plastic deformation state. After removing the residual imprint, the Bitter technique was applied, and macroscopic contrast differences were captured in optical microscopy. To verify this novel characterisation technique, characteristic “hemispherical” deformation zones evolving during indentation were identified using an analytical model from the field of contact mechanics. In addition, near‐surface residual stresses were determined experimentally using synchrotron radiation diffraction. It is established that the magnetic domain distribution contrast provides deformation‐related information: regions of different domain wall densities correspond to different “hemispherical” deformation zones (i.e., to hydrostatic core, plastic zone and elastic zone, respectively). Moreover, the transitions between these three zones correlate with characteristic features of the residual stress profiles (sign changes in the radial and local extrema in the hoop stress). These results indicate the potential of magnetic domain distribution imaging: visualising macroscopic deformation gradients in fine‐grained ferromagnetic material with a significantly improved spatial resolution as compared to integral, mean value‐based measurement methods.
Heart transplantation for infective endocarditis: Viable option for a limited few?
Authors: Murphy Katie M. , Vikram Holenarasipur R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractActive infection in the recipient is considered a relative contraindication for solid organ transplantation. However, heart transplantation (HT) can be curative in patients with ventricular assist device infections. For patients with infective endocarditis (IE), valve replacement is part of the management strategy based on emergent, acute, or elective indications. HT has been utilized as an uncommon and sporadic treatment option for carefully selected patients with refractory or recurrent IE after all other surgical treatment options have been exhausted or are not feasible. Herein, we review 19 published cases of IE in whom HT was undertaken in the setting of ongoing active infection with reported good outcomes. We attempt to propose general criteria for HT in the setting of IE and discuss challenges and hurdles that clinicians might encounter when considering HT for active IE in the absence of robust data or clearly defined criteria.
Relationship between local presence and density of Aedes aegypti eggs with dengue cases: a spatial analysis approach
Authors: de Albuquerque Bernardino Cláudio , Pinto Rosemary Costa , Sadahiro Megumi , Sampaio Vanderson Souza , de Castro Daniel Barros , Terrazas Wagner Cosme Morhy , Mustafa Luzia Melo , da Costa Cristiano Fernandes , dos Passos Ricardo Augusto , Lima José Bento Pereira , Braga José Ueleres 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the relationship between the occurrence of dengue and ovitrap positivity and dengue egg density in two Amazonas municipalities (Brazil) in 2016.MethodsWe performed a case‐control study using secondary data from the dengue fever surveillance system. Ovitraps distributed regularly in the urban area of two cities were used to monitor the presence of the vector. The relationship between egg positivity, egg density and the location of dengue cases was evaluated using two approaches as follows: (i) based on the result of the nearest neighbour ovitrap and (ii) based on the results of the set of ovitraps within the influence area of 300 m from the location of each case and control.ResultsDuring the study period, 229 confirmed cases of dengue fever were reported in Tabatinga and 89 cases in Itacoatiara. In this study, we found that the positivity of ovitraps was related to the occurrence of dengue in Tabatinga and Itacoatiara. An association between egg density of Ae. aegypti and dengue occurrence was also observed in Itacoatiara. The temporal lags for ovitrap positivity measurements were predominantly 15 or 30 days. A dengue association for egg density for a 15‐day time lag was detected for one of the case‐control approaches.ConclusionsThe location of dengue cases is related to ovitrap egg positivity, while a less evident possible association may exist for egg density. This indicates that these traps could be used to improve vector control actions.
Prevalence of toxoplasmosis and its association with dementia in older adults in Central Africa: a result from the EPIDEMCA programme
Authors: Bouscaren Nathalie , Pilleron Sophie , Mbelesso Pascal , Ndamba‐Bandzouzi Bébène , Dartigues Jean‐François , Clément Jean‐Pierre , Preux Pierre‐Marie , Dardé Marie‐Laure , Guerchet Maëlenn ,   the EPIDEMCA Group
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed at estimating the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in older adults living in Central Africa and investigating its association with dementia using data from the Epidemiology of Dementia in Central Africa (EPIDEMCA) programme.MethodsA cross‐sectional multicentre population‐based study was carried out among participants aged 73 (±7) years on average, living in rural and urban areas of the Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo between November 2011 and December 2012. Blood samples were collected from each consenting participant. The detection of anti‐T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibodies was performed in 2014 in France using a commercially available ELISA kit. Participants were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics. DSM‐IV criteria were required for a diagnosis of dementia. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to assess the association between toxoplasmosis infection and dementia.ResultsAmong 1662 participants, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 63.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 60.7–65.3) overall, 66.6% (95%CI: 63.4–69.8) in Central African Republic and 59.4% (95%CI: 56.1–62.7) in the Republic of Congo. In multivariate analyses, toxoplasmosis status was significantly associated with increasing age (P = 0.006), Republic of Congo (P = 0.002), urban area (P = 0.001) and previous occupation (P = 0.002). No associations between dementia and toxoplasmosis status or anti‐T. gondii IgG titres were found.ConclusionToxoplasma gondii infection was not associated with dementia among older adults in Central Africa. Our findings are consistent with previous studies and add to the knowledge on the relationship between T. gondii infection and neurological disorders.
Assessment of pattern and outcomes of pesticides poisoning in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Prashar A. , Ramesh M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectivesTo assess the socio‐demographic profile, pattern and treatment outcomes of pesticides poisoning.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted at the department of emergency medicine of a South Indian tertiary care hospital for 1.5 years to study the pattern and outcomes of poisoning cases due to pesticides. Level of significance (P) <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsA total of 375 poisoning victims with intentional/accidental exposure to pesticides were followed up and documented. The male–female ratio was 1:0.32; mean age was 31.65 ± 13.10 years. 72% of cases were rural residents. Organophosphorus compounds were the most implicated pesticides. Mean Glasgow Comatose Score (GCS) of the patients was 12.22 ± 3.86. 80.3% of patients recovered while 6.4% died. About 13.3% patients were lost to follow‐up as they were discharged against medical advice (DAMA).ConclusionThere was a statistical significance seen in the implication of pesticides for intentional poisoning with age, route of administration, area of residence and occupation of the victims. However, there was a strong association of the outcomes of poisoning with the toxic agent implicated for the poisoning.
A gene‐stacking approach to overcome the trade‐off between drought stress tolerance and growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kudo Madoka , Kidokoro Satoshi , Yoshida Takuya , Mizoi Junya , Kojima Mikiko , Takebayashi Yumiko , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Fernie Alisdair R. , Shinozaki Kazuo , Yamaguchi‐Shinozaki Kazuko 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe molecular breeding of drought stress‐tolerant crops is imperative for stable food and biomass production. However, a trade‐off exists between plant growth and drought stress tolerance. Many drought stress‐tolerant plants overexpressing stress‐inducible genes, such as DEHYDRATION‐RESPONSIVE ELEMENT‐BINDING PROTEIN 1A (DREB1A), show severe growth retardation. Here, we demonstrate that the growth of DREB1A‐overexpressing Arabidopsis plants could be improved by co‐expressing growth‐enhancing genes whose expression is repressed under drought stress conditions. We used Arabidopsis GA REQUIRING 5 (GA5), which encodes a rate‐limiting gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme, and PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), which encodes a transcription factor regulating cell growth in response to light and temperature, for growth improvement. We observed an enhanced biomass and floral induction in the GA5 DREB1A and PIF4 DREB1A double overexpressors compared with those in the DREB1A overexpressors. Although the GA5 DREB1A double overexpressors continued to show high levels of drought stress tolerance, the PIF4 DREB1A double overexpressors showed lower levels of stress tolerance than the DREB1A overexpressors due to repressed expression of DREB1A. A multiomics analysis of the GA5 DREB1A double overexpressors showed that the co‐expression of GA5 and DREB1A additively affected primary metabolism, gene expression and plant hormone profiles in the plants. These multidirectional analyses indicate that the inherent trade‐off between growth and drought stress tolerance in plants can be overcome by appropriate gene‐stacking approaches. Our study provides a basis for using genetic modification to improve the growth of drought stress‐tolerant plants for the stable production of food and biomass.
Hemolytic adverse effects of intravenous immunoglobulin: modeling predicts risk reduction with anti‐A/B immunoaffinity chromatography and to a lesser extent with anti‐A donor screening
Authors: Mallick Rajiv , Hubsch Alphonse , Barnes David G. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDThe risk of hemolytic events (HEs) with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy appears to be linked to isoagglutinins (anti‐A and anti‐B) in the product. Patient risk factors include high IVIG dose, blood group, and underlying inflammatory state.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSUsing published anti‐A and anti‐B titers for IVIG products and HE rates calculated from HEs spontaneously reported to EudraVigilance, regression models were developed to infer the relationship between HE risk and IVIG isoagglutinin levels for each blood group. Applying estimated model coefficients to isoagglutinin levels associated with an IVIG (Privigen; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA), manufactured with and without isoagglutinin reduction steps, predicted HE risk values were generated for each product: 1) without any isoagglutinin reduction, 2) anti‐A donor screening, and 3) anti‐A/anti‐B specific immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC; Ig IsoLo).RESULTSPredicted HE risk was highest for blood group AB, followed by A and B; it was low for O. Projected population shares of HEs by blood group were similar to reported real‐world data. Compared with the original process (no isoagglutinin reduction), the model predicts lower hemolytic risk with anti‐A donor screening and even lower hemolytic risk with IAC isoagglutinin reduction.CONCLUSIONIAC isoagglutinin reduction is predicted to reduce the HE risk with IVIG substantially. Physicians should be especially vigilant to HE risk in patients with blood group AB and, to a lesser extent, A when using IVIG products with high anti‐A titers.
Does an intrauterine exchange transfusion improve the fetal prognosis in parvovirus infection cases?
Authors: Vanspranghels R. , Houfflin‐Debarge V. , Vaast P. , Coulon C. , Clouqueur E. , Hanssens S. , Rakza T. , Subtil D. , Garabedian C. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDAlmost 20% of parvovirus B19 foetal infections require intrauterine transfusions. In addition, myocardial dysfunction has been observed in severe parvovirus B19 infections. One objective of an intrauterine exchange transfusion (IUET) is to avoid an overload during the transfusion. Our aim was to study the obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in cases of IUETs performed for foetal parvovirus infections and to compare our survival rate to those studies in which simple in utero transfusions were chosen.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a retrospective monocentre study of all patients followed up for parvovirus B19 infections in which IUETs were performed. An IUET was indicated when foetal hydrops was observed and/or when severe foetal anaemia was diagnosed though an elevation in the middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity. The characteristics of each pregnancy and the neonatal outcomes were studied until hospital discharge.RESULTSThirty‐five IUETs were performed in 26 foetuses. The median gestational age of the first IUET was 22.6 weeks. Only one foetal bradycardia incidence was recorded during the procedure. Three medical pregnancy terminations were observed in our series, secondary to severe cerebral anomalies confirmed in the magnetic resonance imaging. Five in utero deaths occurred, in which 2 of the foetuses underwent multiple IUETs. All the neonates had normal haemoglobin levels at birth, and none were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit. The overall survival rate was 70%.CONCLUSIONIUETs exhibit a survival rate similar to that of simple intrauterine transfusions in foetal parvovirus infection cases.
A paired trial comparing mononuclear cell collection in two machines for further inactivation through an inline or offline extracorporeal photopheresis procedure
Authors: Bueno José‐Luis , Alonso Rosalía , Gonzalez‐Santillana Clara , Naya Daniel , Romera Irene , Alarcón Ana , Aguilar Myriam , Bautista Guiomar , Duarte Rafael , Ussetti Piedad , Cabrera José Rafael 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an effective treatment. However, protocols differ widely, and some questions, such as the number of cells to be collected or the number of ECP treatment days per treatment cycle, are still unsolved. The aim of this study was to compare a multistep (offline) (Spectra Optia and Macogenic G2) against an integrated (inline) ECP system (Therakos Cellex system) with respect to mononuclear cell (MNC) collection.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe number and quality parameters of the MNC products collected were evaluated together with some machine parameters, such as collection time. Comparisons were made through paired sample analysis with the t test.RESULTSFourteen patients underwent 15 double‐paired procedures using both ECP protocols. The average MNC collected in the multistep procedure was 77.4 × 108, four times more than in the integrated procedure (18.5 × 108). MNC purity (84.4% vs. 63.8%) and enrichment (27.9 vs. 5.9) in the product collected were also higher in the multistep procedure. The whole ECP time was higher in the multistep than in the integrated procedure (272 vs. 106 min), but the calculated time to collect 25 × 108 MNCs in the multistep was shorter compared with the one‐step procedure (77.8 vs. 172 min). All these differences between the two protocols were statistically significant.CONCLUSIONSThese two ECP protocols are different with respect to MNC collection and length of procedure. Some unresolved questions, such as the better MNC dose to inactivate or the number of consecutive days that ECP should be performed for optimal clinical efficacy, require further review.
Sleep deprivation and obesity in adults: a brief narrative review
Authors: Cooper Christopher B , Neufeld Eric V , Dolezal Brett A , Martin Jennifer L 
Published: October 2018

Background/aimsObesity and sleep deprivation are two epidemics that pervade developed nations. Their rates have been steadily rising worldwide, especially in the USA. This short communication will explore the link between the two conditions and outline the proposed mechanisms behind their relationship.MethodsStudies on the topic of sleep and obesity were reviewed, and findings were used to develop a theoretical model for the biological link between short sleep duration and obesity.ResultsIndividuals who regularly slept less than 7  hours per night were more likely to have higher average body mass indexes and develop obesity than those who slept more. Studies showed that experimental sleep restriction was associated with increased levels of ghrelin, salt retention and inflammatory markers as well as decreased levels of leptin and insulin sensitivity.ConclusionsThere may be a link between obesity and sleep deprivation. We recommend further investigations are to elucidate the potential mechanisms.