bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbidities in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Swain Subhashisa , Sarmanova Aliya , Coupland Carol , Doherty Michael , Zhang Weiya 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic condition in older individuals, but its association with other chronic conditions is largely unknown. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on comorbidities in individuals with OA compared to those without.MethodsWe searched 4 databases for observational studies on comorbidities in individuals with OA. Studies of OA only or in comparison with non‐OA controls were included. The risk of bias and study quality were assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. The prevalence of comorbidities in the OA group and the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between OA and non‐OA groups were calculated.ResultsIn all, 42 studies from 16 countries (27 case‐only and 15 comparative studies) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of participants varied from 51 to 76 years. The pooled prevalence of any comorbidity was 67% (95% CI 57–74) in individuals with OA versus 56% (95% CI 44–68) in individuals without OA. The pooled PR for any comorbidity was 1.21 (95% CI 1.02–1.45). The PR increased from 0.73 (95% CI 0.43–1.25) for 1 comorbidity to 1.58 (95% CI 1.03–2.42) for 2, and to 1.94 (95% CI 1.45–2.59) for ≥3 comorbidities. The key comorbidities associated with OA were stroke (PR 2.61 [95% CI 2.13–3.21]), peptic ulcer (PR 2.36 [95% CI 1.71–3.27]), and metabolic syndrome (PR 1.94 [95% CI 1.21–3.12]).ConclusionIndividuals with OA are more likely to have other chronic conditions. The association is dose‐dependent in terms of the number of comorbidities, suggesting multimorbidities. Further studies on the causality of this association and clinical implications are needed.
Live Zoster Vaccine in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Tofacitinib With or Without Methotrexate, or Adalimumab With Methotrexate: A Post Hoc Analysis of Data From a Phase IIIb/IV Randomized Study
Authors: Calabrese Leonard H. , Abud‐Mendoza Carlos , Lindsey Stephen M. , Lee Sang‐Heon , Tatulych Svitlana , Takiya Liza , Iikuni Noriko , Soma Koshika , Luo Zhen , Fleischmann Roy 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo explore herpes zoster (HZ) rates and live zoster vaccine (LZV) safety in a subset of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received LZV before tofacitinib ± methotrexate (MTX), or adalimumab (ADA) plus MTX in the ORAL Strategy.MethodsORAL Strategy was a 1‐year, phase IIIb/IV, randomized, triple‐dummy, active‐comparator–controlled study. MTX‐inadequate responder patients received tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID), tofacitinib 5 mg BID plus MTX, or ADA 40 mg every other week plus MTX (1:1:1 randomization). Eligible patients age ≥50 years could opt to receive LZV 28 days before initiating study treatment. HZ incidence rates (IRs; patients with events per 100 patient‐years) were calculated. Opportunistic HZ infections (multidermatomal/disseminated), serious HZ events, and LZV‐related adverse events were monitored.ResultsIn ORAL Strategy, 216 of 1,146 patients (18.8%) received LZV. Overall, 18 patients (1.6%) developed HZ (vaccinated: n = 3; nonvaccinated: n = 15). HZ IRs were 1.1 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.3–2.9), 2.3 (95% CI 1.0–4.6), and 1.7 (95% CI 0.6–3.7) for tofacitinib monotherapy, tofacitinib plus MTX, and ADA plus MTX, respectively, and were generally similar between vaccinated and nonvaccinated patients. Three multidermatomal, 1 disseminated, and 2 serious HZ events occurred. No vaccinated patients had zoster‐like lesions within 42 days of vaccination; 1 patient had vaccination‐site erythema.ConclusionLZV was well tolerated, and HZ IRs were generally similar between treatment groups and vaccinated versus nonvaccinated patients. However, ORAL Strategy was not powered for comparisons between vaccinated and nonvaccinated patients because <20% of all patients were vaccinated. Furthermore, LZV has been shown to be effective only in ~50% of individuals.
Rapid Near‐Infrared Light Responsive Shape Memory Polymer Hybrids and Novel Chiral Actuators Based on Photothermal W18O49 Nanowires
Authors: Zhou Yue , Tan Junyan , Chong Dandan , Wan Xinhua , Zhang Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhotoresponsive actuators are built by introducing oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)‐modified W18O49 nanowires into cross‐linked polyethylene glycol diacrylate (cPEGDA) polymer matrices. Due to the good compatibility, OEG‐W18O49 NWs disperse well and increase the crystallinity of cPEGDA matrices even in high loading concentrations (4.0 wt%). The cPEGDA/W18O49 nanocomposites show efficient photothermal transition and rapid shape memory behaviors. They can raise the local temperature to 160 °C in only 8.5 s and recover the initial shape within 10 s. Making use of the broad and strong absorption property of W18O49, the cPEGDA/W18O49 NW actuators respond to both ultraviolet and near‐infrared light and make contraction and bending motions. Furthermore, by utilizing oriented chain segments of the crystalline polymer and vector sum of shape recovery forces, the cPEGDA/W18O49 NW hybrid actuators exhibit stable helical deformation (right‐handed and left‐handed).
One Stimulus In Situ Induces Two Sequential Luminescence Switchings in the Same Solvent‐Fuming Process: Anthracene Excimer as the Intermediate
Authors: Liu Haichao , Shen Yue , Yan Yan , Zhou Changjiang , Zhang Shitong , Li Bao , Ye Ling , Yang Bing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCommonly, one stimulus only induces one luminescence switching in stimuli‐responsive experiment. Herein, it is reported that one stimulus in situ induces two luminescent switches, resulting from two phase transitions in a solvent‐fuming process. Two phase transitions are in situ composed of a first fast and a subsequent slow process, corresponding to the change of molecular packing from the amorphous state to the π–π dimer crystalline state to the cocrystalline state with the inclusion of solvents, accompanied with luminescent transformation from pure blue to green to deep blue. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that the staggered π–π dimer stacking of anthracenes serves as the intermediate state to bridge the two phase transitions. This finding expands a new horizon in the stimuli‐responsive field and inspires novel applications in information storage and security fields.
Porous Enzymatic Membrane for Nanotextured Glucose Sweat Sensors with High Stability toward Reliable Noninvasive Health Monitoring
Authors: Lin Yuanjing , Bariya Mallika , Nyein Hnin Yin Yin , Kivimäki Liisa , Uusitalo Sanna , Jansson Elina , Ji Wenbo , Yuan Zhen , Happonen Tuomas , Liedert Christina , Hiltunen Jussi , Fan Zhiyong , Javey Ali 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDevelopment of reliable glucose sensors for noninvasive monitoring without interruption or limiting users' mobility is highly desirable, especially for diabetes diagnostics, which requires routine/long‐term monitoring. However, their applications are largely limited by the relatively poor stability. Herein, a porous membrane is synthesized for effective enzyme immobilization and it is robustly anchored to the modified nanotextured electrode solid contacts, so as to realize glucose sensors with significantly enhanced sensing stability and mechanical robustness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of utilizing such nanoporous membranes for electrochemical sensor applications, which eliminates enzyme escape and provides a sufficient surface area for molecular/ion diffusion and interactions, thus ensuring the sustainable catalytic activities of the sensors and generating reliable measureable signals during noninvasive monitoring. The as‐assembled nanostructured glucose sensors demonstrate reliable long‐term stable monitoring with a minimal response drift for up to 20 h, which delivers a remarkable enhancement. Moreover, they can be integrated into a microfluidic sensing patch for noninvasive sweat glucose monitoring. The as‐synthesized nanostructured glucose sensors with remarkable stability can inspire developments of various enzymatic biosensors for reliable noninvasive composition analysis and their ultimate applications in predictive clinical diagnostics, personalized health‐care monitoring, and chronic diseases management.
Stretchable and Temperature‐Sensitive Polymer Optical Fibers for Wearable Health Monitoring
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Zhou Bingqian , Yang Changxi , Dai Qionghai , Kong Lingjie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStretchable physical sensors that can detect and quantify human physiological signals such as temperature, are essential to the realization of healthcare devices for biomedical monitoring and human–machine interfaces. Despite recent achievements in stretchable electronic sensors using various conductive materials and structures, the design of stretchable sensors in optics remains a considerable challenge. Here, an optical strategy for the design of stretchable temperature sensors, which can maintain stable performance even under a strain deformation up to 80%, is reported. The optical temperature sensor is fabricated by the incorporation of thermal‐sensitive upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in stretchable polymer‐based optical fibers (SPOFs). The SPOFs are made from stretchable elastomers and constructed in a step‐index core/cladding structure for effective light confinements. The UCNPs, incorporated in the SPOFs, provide thermal‐sensitive upconversion emissions at dual wavelengths for ratiometric temperature sensing by near‐infrared excitation, while the SPOFs endow the sensor with skin‐like mechanical compliance and excellent light‐guiding characteristics for laser delivery and emission collection. The broad applications of the proposed sensor in real‐time monitoring of the temperature and thermal activities of the human body, providing optical alternatives for wearable health monitoring, are demonstrated.
Recent Advances in Fiber Supercapacitors: Materials, Device Configurations, and Applications
Authors: Chen Di , Jiang Kai , Huang Tingting , Shen Guozhen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFiber supercapacitors (SCs), with their small size and weight, excellent flexibility and deformability, and high capacitance and power density, are recognized as one of the most robust power supplies available for wearable electronics. They can be woven into breathable textiles or integrated into different functional materials to fit curved surfaces for use in day‐to‐day life. A comprehensive review on recent important development and progress in fiber SCs is provided, with respect to the active electrode materials, device configurations, functions, integrations. Active electrode materials based on different electrochemical mechanisms and intended to improve performance including carbon‐based materials, metal oxides, and hybrid composites, are first summarized. The three main types of fiber SCs, namely parallel, twist, and coaxial structures, are then discussed, followed by the exploration of some functions including stretchability and self‐healing. Miniaturized integration of fiber SCs to obtain flexible energy fibers and integrated sensing systems is also discussed. Finally, a short conclusion is made, combining with comments on the current challenges and potential solutions in this field.
Fiber‐Based Energy Conversion Devices for Human‐Body Energy Harvesting
Authors: Huang Liang , Lin Shizhe , Xu Zisheng , Zhou He , Duan Jiangjiang , Hu Bin , Zhou Jun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFollowing the rapid development of lightweight and flexible smart electronic products, providing energy for these electronics has become a hot research topic. The human body produces considerable mechanical and thermal energy during daily activities, which could be used to power most wearable electronics. In this context, fiber‐based energy conversion devices (FBECD) are proposed as candidates for effective conversion of human‐body energy into electricity for powering wearable electronics. Herein, functional materials, fiber fabrication techniques, and device design strategies for different classes of FBECD based on piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, electrostaticity, and thermoelectricity are comprehensively reviewed. An overview of fiber‐based self‐powered systems and sensors according to their superior flexibility and cost‐effectiveness is also presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the field of fiber‐based energy conversion are discussed.
Validation of Printed, Skin‐Mounted Multilead Electrode for ECG Measurements
Authors: Vuorinen Tiina , Noponen Kai , Vehkaoja Antti , Onnia Timo , Laakso Eeva , Leppänen Susanna , Mansikkamäki Kirsi , Seppänen Tapio , Mäntysalo Matti 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring can be used to detect heart‐related abnormalities by recording cardiac activity over a period of time. The conventional 12‐lead ECG measurement system is the standard practice for the evaluation of the heart's electrical activity. However, a recent trend is to develop patch‐type measurement devices for unobtrusive ECG monitoring by reducing device size and number of electrodes on the skin. This development aims to minimize the discomfort for the user from the wearable recording devices. A printed, bandage‐type hybrid system for continuous ECG monitoring to allow as much comfort as possible while maintaining the signal quality required for medical evaluation is proposed. Movement artifacts in recorded ECG signals are a challenge in long‐term monitoring while the patients are engaged in their everyday activities. The movement artifacts from the printed skin‐conformable electrode are compared to commercial exercise stress‐test ECG electrodes during different physical activities and stationary periods. The results show that the signal quality obtained with the multilead patch ECG electrode, manufactured with printing technologies, is comparable to electrodes currently used in healthcare.
A Confined Replacement Synthesis of Bismuth Nanodots in MOF Derived Carbon Arrays as Binder‐Free Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yifang , Su Qiong , Xu Wenjie , Cao Guozhong , Wang Yaping , Pan Anqiang , Liang Shuquan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe inferior tolerance with reversible accommodation of large‐sized Na+ ion in electrode materials has plagued the adaptability of sodium‐ion chemistry. The sluggish diffusion kinetics of Na+ also baffles the desirability. Herein, a carbon fiber supported binder‐free electrode consisting of bismuth and carbon composite is designed. Well‐confined bismuth nanodots are synthesized by replacing cobalt in the metal–organic frameworks (MOF)–derived, nitrogen‐doped carbon arrays, which are demonstrated with remarkable reversibility during sodiation and desodiation. Cobalt species in the pristine MOF catalyze the graphitization around organic components in calcination, generating a highly conductive network in which the bismuth is to be embedded. The uniformly dispersed bismuth nanodots provide plenty boundaries and abundant active sites in the carbon arrays, where fast sodium storage kinetics are realized to contribute extra capacity and excellent rate performance.
[Ln6O8] Cluster‐Encapsulating Polyplumbites as New Polyoxometalate Members and Record Inorganic Anion‐Exchange Materials for ReO4− Sequestration
Authors: Lin Jian , Zhu Lin , Yue Zenghui , Yang Chuang , Liu Wei , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. , Wang Jian‐Qiang , Wang Shuao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVarious types of polyoxometalates (POMs) have been synthesized since the 19th century, but their assortment has been mostly limited to Groups 5 and 6 metals. Herein, a new family of POMs composed of a carbon group element as the addenda atoms with two distinct phases, LnPbOClO4‐1 (Ln = Sm to Ho, Y) and LnPbOClO4‐2 (Ln = Er and Tm) is reported. Both structures are built from [Ln6O8] rare‐earth metal hexamers being incorporated in [Pb18O32]/[Pb12O24] polyplumbites, and unbound perchlorates as charge‐balancing anions. Impressively, YPbOClO4‐1 and ErPbOClO4‐2 exhibit exceptional uptake capacities (434.7 and 427.7 mg g−1) toward ReO4−, a chemical surrogate for the key radioactive fission product in the nuclear fuel cycle 99TcO4−, which are the highest values among all inorganic anion‐exchange materials reported until now. The sorption mechanism is clearly elucidated and visualized by single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal structural transformation from ErPbOClO4‐2 to a perrhenate‐containing complex ErPbOReO4, revealing a unique ReO4− uptake selectivity driven by specific interaction within Pb···O‐ReO3− bonds.
Emergence of Function and Selection from Recursively Programmed Polymerisation Reactions in Mineral Environments
Authors: Doran David , Abul‐Haija Yousef M. , Cronin Leroy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLiving systems are characterised by an ability to sustain chemical reaction networks far‐from‐equilibrium. It is likely that life first arose through a process of continual disruption of equilibrium states in recursive reaction networks, driven by periodic environmental changes. Herein, we report the emergence of proto‐enzymatic function from recursive polymerisation reactions using amino acids and glycolic acid. Reactions were kept out of equilibrium by diluting products 9:1 in fresh starting solution at the end of each recursive cycle, and the development of complex high molecular weight species is explored using a new metric, the Mass Index, which allows the complexity of the system to be explored as a function of cycle. This process was carried out on a range of different mineral environments. We explored the hypothesis that disrupting equilibrium via recursive cycling imposes a selection pressure and subsequent boundary conditions on products. After just four reaction cycles, product mixtures from recursive reactions exhibit greater catalytic activity and truncation of product space towards higher‐molecular‐weight species compared to non‐recursive controls.
Iron‐Catalyzed C−H Activation with Propargyl Acetates: Mechanistic Insights into Iron(II) by Experiment, Kinetics, Mössbauer Spectroscopy, and Computation
Authors: Mo Jiayu , Müller Thomas , Oliveira João C. A. , Demeshko Serhiy , Meyer Franc , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn iron‐catalyzed C−H/N−H alkyne annulation was realized by using a customizable clickable triazole amide under exceedingly mild reaction conditions. A unifying mechanistic approach combining experiment, spectroscopy, kinetics, and computation provided strong support for facile C−H activation by a ligand‐to‐ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) mechanism. Combined Mössbauer spectroscopic analysis and DFT calculations were indicative of high‐spin iron(II) species as the key intermediates in the C−H activation manifold.
1,2‐(Bis)trifluoromethylation of Alkynes: A One‐Step Reaction to Install an Underutilized Functional Group
Authors: Guo Shuo , AbuSalim Deyaa I. , Cook Silas P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractModifying the electronic properties of olefins is the quintessential approach to tuning alkene reactivity. In this context, the exploration of trifluoromethyl groups as divergent electronic modifiers has not been considered. In this work, we describe a copper‐mediated 1,2‐(bis)trifluoromethylation of acetylenes to create E‐hexafluorobutenes (E‐HFBs) under blue light in a single step. The reaction proceeds with high yield and E/Z selectivity. Since the alkyne captures two trifluoromethyl groups from each molecule of bpyCu(CF3)3, mechanistic studies were conducted to illuminate the role of the reactants. Interestingly, E‐HFBs exhibit remarkable stability to standard olefin functionalization reactions in spite of the pendant trifluoromethyl groups. This finding has significant implications for medicine, agroscience, and materials.
Preparation of a monolithic and macroporous superabsorbent polymer via a high internal phase Pickering emulsion template
Authors: Shin Heewoong , Kim Subeen , Han YoungKyu , Kim KyuHan , Choi Siyoung Q. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA superabsorbent polymer (SAP) possesses an ability to absorb an aqueous solution up to several hundred times its own weight. To utilize a SAP effectively, a high absorption rate is also essential in addition to a high absorption capability. Herein, using a template based on a high internal phase Pickering emulsion (HIPPE) stabilized by aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles, we synthesize a SAP with a high absorption rate by forming macropores. In particular, by adjusting three different parameters, the concentration of the crosslinker, the internal volume fraction of the emulsion, and the particle concentration, we successfully formed a HIPPE‐templated SAP with a high absorption rate for a saline solution, which was 51.6 g g−1of the absorbency within 10 s. We confirm that the swelling kinetics is mainly determined by the interconnectivity between the internal macro‐pores. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48133.
Effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic cyclodextrins on the release of encapsulated allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and their potential application for plastic film extrusion
Authors: Shin Joongmin , Kathuria Ajay , Lee Youn Suk 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAllyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a natural pungent flavor from wasabi and horseradish, is well‐known antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens. However, its highly volatile nature and low thermal stability restrict its application in the food packaging industry. Also, its strong organoleptic characteristics hinder its application at a higher dosage. We encapsulated AITC in β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and triacetyl‐β‐CD (TA‐β‐CD) and evaluated the performance as slow releasing active compounds through low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)–cyclodextrins (CDs) matrix. Also, the thermal, optical, mechanical, and barrier properties of two ternary blends, LDPE/β‐CD/AITC(L‐CDs) and LDPE/TA‐β‐CD/AITC(L‐TACDs), were investigated to compare their compatibility under the plastic extrusion process. During the 15 days of the storage period, L‐TACDs maintained more consistent AITC release and a higher concentration than L‐CDs. Also, the blending of LDPE and TA‐β‐CD was more compatible with that of LDPE and β‐CD. No significant optical, mechanical, and barrier property changes were observed in LDPE with less than 3% of TA‐β‐CD while L‐CDs showed substantial agglomeration on the ternary blend films and the lower mechanical and barrier properties than pure LDPE. The results indicate that the LDPE films containing TA‐β‐CD/AITC can be applied as an effective antimicrobial packaging material for food and nonfood applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48137.
Policy Transfer and Instrument Constituency: Explaining the Adoption of Conditional Cash Transfer in the Philippines
Authors: Saguin Kidjie , Howlett Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransnational policy transfer is a well‐documented phenomenon with studies from across many disciplines. However, the literature tends to over‐theorize but under‐operationalize what is transferred and how it is transferred. A significant issue in this regard concerns ‘agency’: that is, who is supplying and who is demanding policy lessons and examples. This paper highlights a relatively new concept in comparative policy studies, that of the ‘instrument constituency’, within the framework of transnational policymaking. It argues that instrument constituencies or groups of actors unified by their strong affinity with a specific policy tool are key agents in the transfer process, acting as suppliers and brokers of policy ideas, constantly searching to match their preferred solutions to policy problems. As this paper will show, incorporating such constituencies into policy transfer studies allows a better understanding of transfer as part of a sequential process of diffusion, and how knowledge about a policy instrument is assembled and transferred.