bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silicoapproaches for enhancing retrieval analysis as a source for discovery of implant reactivity‐related mechanisms and biomarkers
Authors: Torosyan Yelizaveta , Spece Hannah , Goodacre Norman , Azarbaijani Yasameen , Marinac‐Dabic Danica , Kurtz Steven M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ability to characterize implant debris in conjunction with corresponding immune and tissue‐destructive responses renders retrieval analysis as an important tool for evaluating orthopedic devices. We applied advanced analytics andin silicoapproaches to illustrate the retrieval‐based potential to elucidate host responses and enable discovery of corresponding biomarkers indicative ofin vivoimplant performance. Hip retrieval analysis was performed using variables based on immunostaining, polarized microscopy, and fretting‐corrosion and oxidation analyses. Statistical analyses were performed in R. Hierarchical/k‐means clustering and principal component analysis were used for data analysis and visualization. Correlation Engine (CE) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were employed forin silicocorroboration of putative biomarkers. Higher giant cell and histiocyte scores and positivity for CD68 and CD3 indicating infiltration with macrophages and T‐cells, respectively, were detected mainly among older generation hips with higher ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight‐polyethylene loads. Ourin silicoanalysis using pre‐existing data on wear particle‐induced loosening substantiated the role of CD68 in implant‐induced innate responses and identified the CD68‐related molecular signature that can be indicative of development of aseptic loosening and can be further corroborated for diagnostic/prognostic testing in clinical setting. Thus, this study confirmed the great potential of advanced analytics andin silicoapproaches for enhancing retrieval analysis applications to discovery of new biomarkers for optimizing implant‐related preclinical testing and clinical management. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:263–271, 2020.
A nationwide retrospective observational study of population newborn screening for medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency in the Netherlands
Authors: Jager Emmalie A. , Kuijpers Myrthe M. , Bosch Annet M. , Mulder Margot F. , Gozalbo Estela R. , Visser Gepke , de Vries Maaike , Williams Monique , Waterham Hans R. , van Spronsen Francjan J. , Schielen Peter C. J. I. , Derks Terry G. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo evaluate the Dutch newborn screening (NBS) for medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency since 2007, a nationwide retrospective, observational study was performed of clinical, laboratory and epidemiological parameters of patients with MCAD deficiency born between 2007 and 2015. Severe MCAD deficiency was defined by ACADM genotypes associated with clinical ascertainment, or variant ACADM genotypes with a residual MCAD enzyme activity <10%. Mild MCAD deficiency was defined by variant ACADM genotypes with a residual MCAD enzyme activity ≥10%. The prevalence of MCAD deficiency was 1/8300 (95% CI: 1/7300‐1/9600). Sensitivity of the Dutch NBS was 99% and specificity ~100%, with a positive predictive value of 86%. Thirteen newborns with MCAD deficiency suffered from neonatal symptoms, three of them died. Of the 189 identified neonates, 24% had mild MCAD deficiency. The acylcarnitine ratio octanoylcarnitine (C8)/decanoylcarnitine (C10) was superior to C8 in discriminating between mild and severe cases and more stable in the first days of life. NBS for MCAD deficiency has a high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. In the absence of a golden standard to confirm the diagnosis, the combination of acylcarnitine (ratios), molecular and enzymatic studies allows risk stratification. To improve evaluation of NBS protocols and clinical guidelines, additional use of acylcarnitine ratios and multivariate pattern‐recognition software may be reappraised in the Dutch situation. Prospective recording of NBS and follow‐up data is warranted covering the entire health care chain of preventive and curative medicine.
High‐field mr diffusion‐weighted image denoising using a joint denoising convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang He , Zheng Rencheng , Dai Fei , Wang Qianfeng , Wang Chengyan 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundLow signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) has been a major limiting factor for the application of higher‐resolution diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). Most of the conventional denoising models suffer from the drawbacks of shallow feature extraction and hand‐crafted parameter tuning. Although multiple studies have shown the promising applications of image denoising using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), none of them have considered denoising multiple b‐value DWIs using a multichannel CNN model.PurposeTo present a joint denoising CNN (JD‐CNN) model to improve the SNR of multiple b‐value DWI.Study TypeRetrospective technical development.PopulationTwenty healthy rats and two rats with clinically confirmed focal cortical dysplasia were included to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.Field Strength/Sequence11.7T MRI, a multiple b‐values DWI sequence.AssessmentThe total variation (TV) and BM3D denoising methods were also performed on the same dataset for comparison. Peak SNR (PSNR) and normalized mean square error (NMSE) were calculated for the assessment of image qualities.Statistical TestsA paired Student's t‐test was conducted to compare the diffusion parameter measurements between different approaches. P < 0.01 was considered statistically significant.ResultsSimulation results showed substantial improvement of image quality after JD‐CNN denoising (PSNR of original image: 23.15 ± 1.77; PSNR of denoised image: 42.94 ± 2.12). The proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods on high b‐value DWIs in terms of PSNR (TV: 33.51 ± 0.83, BM3D: 35.12 ± 0.94, JD‐CNN: 46.52 ± 0.98). In addition, the NMSE of the estimated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) reduces from 0.72 ± 0.13 to 0.45 ± 0.06 (P < 0.01) with the application of the JD‐CNN model.Data ConclusionThe proposed method is able to remove noise with a wide range of noise levels in multiple b‐value DWI and improve the diffusion parameter estimation. This shows potential clinical promise.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1937–1947.
On the tension between standardized and customized policies in health care: The case of length‐of‐stay reduction
Authors: Catena Rodolfo , Dopson Sue , Holweg Matthias 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHospitals increasingly adopt standardized policies as a way to improve the efficiency of health care delivery. One key policy has been to reduce a patient's length of stay, which is commonly perceived as an effective means of improving patient outcome, as well as reducing the cost per procedure. We put this notion to the empirical test by using a database of 183,712,784 medical records of patients in the English NHS between 1998 and 2012, studying the effects of the NHS's policy of decreasing length of stay for hernia patients. While we found it to be an effective way of reducing the cost per procedure, on aggregate, we also found that it increases the risk of readmission and of death for vulnerable and elderly patients, unduly increasing the long‐term failure costs of the operation for these patient groups. Based on our findings, we propose a differentiated policy to selectively decrease length of stay, which we estimate could save up to US$565 per nonemergency hernia procedure (19.97% reduction in the cost per procedure). We outline the implications of our findings for medical practice and discuss the wider theoretical contributions to the wider standardization‐customization debate in health care operations management.
Cancer‐Associated Malnutrition and CT‐Defined Sarcopenia and Myosteatosis Are Endemic in Overweight and Obese Patients
Authors: Martin Lisa , Gioulbasanis Ioannis , Senesse Pierre , Baracos Vickie E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundOverweight/obese patients’ large fat mass can mask the loss of skeletal muscle, which is associated with mortality in the oncology setting. We investigated the prevalence of computed tomography (CT)‐defined sarcopenia and myosteatosis across different levels of nutrition risk assessed by the Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG‐SGA SF). We also evaluated whether the PG‐SGA SF, sarcopenia, and myosteatosis were prognostic of overall survival.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study. Consecutive patients with body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m2 with newly diagnosed head and neck cancer (any stage) or lung and gastrointestinal tract cancer (locally recurrent or metastatic) were screened at presentation to oncology clinics. Nutrition risk was assigned based on PG‐SGA SF triage recommendations. Based on CT, patients were classified with sarcopenia and/or myosteatosis using published cutoffs. Survival analyses were conducted.ResultsPatients (n=1157) were 63.6 ± 11.4 years, 64% male, and 61% had stage IV disease. Sarcopenia and myosteatosis were prevalent across PG‐SGA SF nutrition risk categories (scores 0–1 [no risk; 36% sarcopenic; 44% myosteatotic], scores 2–3 [37%; 37%], scores 4–8 [40%; 41%], and scores ≥9 [high risk; 50%; 49%]). In multivariable survival analysis, PG‐SGA SF scores ≥9 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66‐2.60, P<0.001), sarcopenia (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06‐1.46, P=0.006), and myosteatosis (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07‐1.46, P<0.001) independently predicted reduced survival.ConclusionCT‐defined sarcopenia and myosteatosis are prevalent across different levels of nutrition risk in overweight/obese patients with cancer. Assessment of skeletal muscle using CT adds prognostic value to the PG‐SGA SF.
Optimal timing of endoscopic sinus surgery for odontogenic sinusitis
Authors: Craig John R. , McHugh Christopher I. , Griggs Zachary H. , Peterson Edward I. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesOdontogenic sinusitis (ODS) is more common than historically reported, and management recommendations are limited in the literature. Although ODS case series have shown successful outcomes with dental treatment and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), no studies have considered the optimal timing of these treatments. The purpose of this study was to analyze times to ODS resolution after primary dental treatment and ESS based on symptom, 22‐item sinonasal outcome test (SNOT‐22), and endoscopic outcomes.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsThirty‐seven symptomatic ODS patients who failed medical management were offered primary dental treatment or ESS. Eleven patients selected primary dental treatment, and 26 patients selected ESS. The following variables were collected prospectively at every office visit before and after dental treatment or ESS: SNOT‐22, presence or absence of cardinal sinusitis symptoms, and presence or absence of middle meatal endoscopy findings (edema, polyps, purulence). Times to resolution of these clinical variables were analyzed with t test, chi‐square test, Fisher exact test, McNemar test, and Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis.ResultsPatients in the dental treatment and ESS groups showed no significant differences in preoperative sinusitis disease burdens based on symptoms, SNOT‐22, endoscopy, and computed tomography. The ESS group experienced faster and more significant improvement in nearly all symptom, SNOT‐22, and endoscopic outcomes.ConclusionsFor symptomatic ODS, primary ESS resulted in faster resolution of SNOT‐22, sinusitis symptoms, and endoscopic findings in ODS patients compared with primary dental treatment. ESS can be considered first‐line therapy for symptomatic ODS, followed by dental treatment when necessary.Level of Evidence2bLaryngoscope, 129:1976–1983, 2019
Field exposure of FeCrAl model alloys in a waste‐fired boiler at 600°C: The influence of Cr and Si on the corrosion behaviour
Authors: Eklund Johan , Paz Maria Dolores , Jönsson Bo , Liske Jesper , Svensson Jan‐Erik , Jonsson Torbjörn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the performance of FeCrAl model alloys in a waste‐fired boiler and investigate the influence of chromium and silicon content on the corrosion behaviour. The investigation was executed by utilising an air‐cooled probe, giving a material temperature of 600°C throughout a 672 hr exposure. The material loss measurements were performed by utilizing an ultrasonic thickness gauge in combination with scanning electron microscopy analysis. It was found that increasing the chromium content significantly reduced the overall material loss of the FeCrAl model alloys but further accelerated the corrosion attack on the windward side. Simultaneously, the increased chromium content caused embrittlement of the material. Minor additions of silicon drastically reduced the material loss of the FeCrAl model alloys, whereas the sample ring with no silicon present was completely deteriorated. The trends observed in this field study correlated well with what has been observed in previous laboratory studies. A state‐of‐the‐art alloy in the present environment, Inconel 625, was simultaneously exposed and showed similar performance to the silicon‐containing FeCrAl model alloys with ≥10 wt% Cr.
The corrosion behavior and mechanism of X65 steel induced by iron‐oxidizing bacteria in the seawater environment
Authors: Yue Yongyong , Lv Meiying , Du Min 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe corrosion behavior and mechanism of iron‐oxidizing bacteria (IOB) on X65 steel in seawater are studied. This study uses the methods of weight loss, electrochemical measurements, and surface analysis. The results show that the IOB increases the corrosion damage degree of steel. Pittings are observed in the medium with IOB. The potentiodynamic polarization curves show that the anodic reaction rate is accelerated in the corrosion process of IOB. The synergies in corrosion between the metal surface, abiotic corrosion products, and bacterial cells, and the pitting corrosion mechanism of X65 steel are discussed.
Structure of Superabsorbent Polyacrylate Hydrogels and Dynamics of Counterions by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Guo Xiaoai , Pfeifer Christoph , Wilhelm Manfred , Luy Burkhard , Guthausen Gisela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolyacrylate hydrogels PAAM (M = 7Li+, 23Na+, 39K+, 87Rb+, and 133Cs+) are synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization and are studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) over wide time and length scales to get an insight into the polymer network structure and the dynamics of alkali ions and water. 1H double‐quantum NMR (1H DQ‐NMR) indicates that neutralization by different alkali ions influences the polymer structure in swollen PAAM hydrogels. Relaxation rates of alkali ions are found to be dominated by quadrupolar relaxation. 1H relaxation varies with the chain fraction obtained from 1H DQ‐NMR. Pulsed field gradient NMR reveals diffusion coefficients of alkali ions and water for different swelling degrees. Network structure and dynamics as well as the interactions between water, alkali ions, and polymer chains are discussed.
The cofinality of the least Berkeley cardinal and the extent of dependent choice
Authors: Cutolo Raffaella 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the possible values of the cofinality of the least Berkeley cardinal. Berkeley cardinals are very large cardinal axioms incompatible with the Axiom of Choice, and the interest in the cofinality of the least Berkeley arises from a result in [1], showing it is connected with the failure of . In fact, by a theorem of Bagaria, Koellner and Woodin, if γ is the cofinality of the least Berkeley cardinal then γ‐ fails. We shall prove that this result is optimal for or . In particular, it will follow that the cofinality of the least Berkeley is independent of .
Preclinical activity of the antibody‐drug conjugate denintuzumab mafodotin (SGN‐CD19A) against pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts
Authors: Jones Luke , McCalmont Hannah , Evans Kathryn , Mayoh Chelsea , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Billups Catherine A. , Houghton Peter J. , Smith Malcolm A. , Lock Richard B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDenintuzumab mafodotin (SGN‐CD19A) is a CD19‐targeting antibody‐drug conjugate, comprising a monoclonal antibody conjugated to the potent cytotoxin monomethyl auristatin F. Since denintuzumab mafodotin has previously shown activity against B‐cell malignancies in early‐stage clinical trials, it was of interest to test it against the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program preclinical models of CD19+ pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProceduresDenintuzumab mafodotin was evaluated against eight B‐cell lineage ALL patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs), representing B‐cell precursor ALL, Ph‐like ALL, and mixed‐lineage leukemia rearranged infant ALL. Denintuzumab mafodotin was administered weekly for 3 weeks at 3 mg/kg. It was also tested in combination with an induction‐type chemotherapy regimen of vincristine, dexamethasone, and l‐asparaginase (VXL) against three PDXs. The relationship between cell surface and gene expression of CD19 and drug activity was also assessed.ResultsDenintuzumab mafodotin significantly delayed the progression of seven of eight PDXs tested and achieved objective responses in five of eight. There was no apparent subtype specificity of denintuzumab mafodotin activity. No correlations were observed between CD19 mRNA or cell surface expression and denintuzumab mafodotin activity, perhaps due to small sample size, and denintuzumab mafodotin treatment did not select for reduced CD19 expression. Combining denintuzumab mafodotin with VXL achieved therapeutic enhancement compared to either treatment alone.ConclusionsDenintuzumab mafodotin showed single‐agent activity against selected B‐lineage ALL PDXs, although leukemia growth was evident in most models at 28 days from treatment initiation. This level of activity for denintuzumab mafodotin is consistent with that observed in adults with ALL.
Utilization of palliative care consultations in pediatric oncology phase I clinical trials
Authors: Cuviello Andrea , Boss Renee , Shah Nirali , Battles Haven , Beri Andrea , Wiener Lori 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPediatric phase I clinical oncology trials represent a unique cohort of patients who have not responded to standard therapies and remain highly vulnerable to treatment toxicity and/or disease burden. Incorporating a palliative care consultation into the care plan for those with relapsed/refractory cancer where chance of cure is limited is generally recommended. A retrospective chart review of pediatric phase I trials revealed that palliative care was consulted in <20% of patients, most often for symptom management. Efforts to increase the use of palliative services in this population may enhance quality of life for children and families enrolled in phase I studies.
Directions for research and training in plant omics: Big Questions and Big Data
Authors: Argueso Cristiana T. , Assmann Sarah M. , Birnbaum Kenneth D. , Chen Sixue , Dinneny José R. , Doherty Colleen J. , Eveland Andrea L. , Friesner Joanna , Greenlee Vanessa R. , Law Julie A. , Marshall‐Colón Amy , Mason Grace Alex , O'Lexy Ruby , Peck Scott C. , Schmitz Robert J. , Song Liang , Stern David , Varagona Marguerite J. , Walley Justin W. , Williams Cranos M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA key remit of the NSF‐funded “Arabidopsis Research and Training for the 21st Century” (ART‐21) Research Coordination Network has been to convene a series of workshops with community members to explore issues concerning research and training in plant biology, including the role that research using Arabidopsis thaliana can play in addressing those issues. A first workshop focused on training needs for bioinformatic and computational approaches in plant biology was held in 2016, and recommendations from that workshop have been published (Friesner et al., Plant Physiology, 175, 2017, 1499). In this white paper, we provide a summary of the discussions and insights arising from the second ART‐21 workshop. The second workshop focused on experimental aspects of omics data acquisition and analysis and involved a broad spectrum of participants from academics and industry, ranging from graduate students through post‐doctorates, early career and established investigators. Our hope is that this article will inspire beginning and established scientists, corporations, and funding agencies to pursue directions in research and training identified by this workshop, capitalizing on the reference species Arabidopsis thaliana and other valuable plant systems.
Development of a shape‐controlled H2S delivery system using epoxide‐functional nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Sul Hwa , Esser Lars , Khor Song Yang , Senyschyn Danielle , Veldhuis Nicholas A. , Whittaker Michael R. , Ercole Francesca , Davis Thomas P. , Quinn John F. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTHydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous modulator of signaling processes, has potential as a therapeutic drug or in combination drug therapies. Due to its broad biological impacts and malodorous nature, there is considerable interest in vehicles capable of delivering H2S in a controlled manner. Herein, we report postpolymerization modification of polymers incorporating glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) units to form thiol‐triggered macromolecular H2S donors. By combining this approach with polymerization‐induced self‐assembly, this methodology allows the facile preparation of polymeric nanoparticulate donors with either spherical or worm‐like morphology. The thiol‐reactive epoxide functional groups in poly(GMA) were chemically transformed into acyl‐protected perthiol groups using a three‐step procedure throughout which both morphologies remained intact. The H2S releasing properties were subsequently studied, with both spherical and worm‐like nanoparticulate donors shown to successfully release H2S in the presence of the model thiol, l‐cysteine. In addition, the donor polymers were shown to effectively increase H2S inside cells, upon exposure to biologically relevant endogenous thiol levels. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1982–1993
A qualitative study of active participation in sport and exercise for individuals with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Smith Moira , Neibling Bridee , Williams Gavin , Birks Melanie , Barker Ruth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the experience of participation in sport and exercise for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) with minimal disability. The objectives were to gain an understanding of key factors that influence participation in sport and exercise and to determine support required by individuals with MS to participate in their choice of sport and exercise for as long as possible.MethodsA qualitative, descriptive study utilizing three focus groups was conducted. Data were analysed thematically aided by NVivo software. Participants were individuals with MS who had an Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 0–4, indicating full ambulation. All participants were living in northern Queensland, Australia.ResultsSixteen individuals participated; 63% of whom regularly participated in sport or exercise. All participants viewed sport and exercise positively and identified inherent benefits of exercise. Five key themes emerged to describe the experience of participating in sport and exercise: “personally engaging with exercise,” “influencing barriers and enablers of exercise,” “sustaining independence,” “integrating exercise into lifestyle,” and “getting the balance right.” Most participants felt that advice and guidance from health professionals about the optimum mode and dose (how much and how often) of exercise was lacking.ConclusionsParticipation in sport and exercise was valued by individuals with MS with minimal disability for sustaining independence and an active lifestyle. Personalized exercise advice from health professionals was the key support identified by participants to assist them to maintain an active lifestyle for as long as possible.