bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4 in obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and malnutrition: the effect of weight reduction and realimentation
Authors: Cinkajzlová Anna , Mráz Miloš , Lacinová Zdeňka , Kloučková Jana , Kaválková Petra , Kratochvílová Helena , Trachta Pavel , Křížová Jarmila , Haluzíková Denisa , Škrha Jan , Papežová Hana , Haluzík Martin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) 3 and 4 are circulating factors that participate in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism.

Subjects and methods
We measured serum ANGPTL3 and 4 levels in 23 patients with obesity, 40 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 22 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), 15 subjects undergoing 72-h fasting, and 12 patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS), and their changes after very-low-calorie diet (VLCD), bariatric surgery, partial realimentation, acute fasting, and parenteral nutrition in order to assess their possible role in metabolic regulations.

Results
Serum ANGPTL4 levels were higher in obese subjects without/with T2DM (94.50 ± 9.51 and 134.19 ± 7.69 vs. 50.34 ± 4.22 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and lower in subjects with AN relative to healthy control subjects (38.22 ± 4.48 vs. 65.80 ± 7.98 ng/ml, p = 0.002), while serum ANGPTL3 levels demonstrated inverse tendency. Nutritional status had no effect on ANGPTL3 and 4 mRNA expression in adipose tissue. Fasting decreased ANGPTL3 and increased ANGPTL4 levels, while VLCD reduced only ANGPTL3. Bariatric surgery and realimentation of AN or SBS patients had no effect on either ANGPTL. Multiple regression analysis identified BMI as an independent predictor of ANGPTL3; and BMI and HbA1c as independent predictors of ANGPTL4, respectively.

Conclusions
Taken together, our data suggest that serum ANGPTL3 and 4 levels are influenced by nutritional status and fasting and could be involved in the metabolic disturbances present in obesity and AN.
Nutrient limitation suppresses the temperature dependence of phytoplankton metabolic rates
Authors: Marañón Emilio , Lorenzo María P , Cermeño Pedro , Mouriño-Carballido Beatriz 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Climate warming has the potential to alter ecosystem function through temperature-dependent changes in individual metabolic rates. The temperature sensitivity of phytoplankton metabolism is especially relevant, since these microorganisms sustain marine food webs and are major drivers of biogeochemical cycling. Phytoplankton metabolic rates increase with temperature when nutrients are abundant, but it is unknown if the same pattern applies under nutrient-limited growth conditions, which prevail over most of the ocean. Here we use continuous cultures of three cosmopolitan and biogeochemically relevant species (Synechococcus sp., Skeletonema costatum and Emiliania huxleyi) to determine the temperature dependence (activation energy, Ea) of metabolism under different degrees of nitrogen (N) limitation. We show that both CO2 fixation and respiration rates increase with N supply but are largely insensitive to temperature. Ea of photosynthesis (0.11 ± 0.06 eV, mean ± SE) and respiration (0.04 ± 0.17 eV) under N-limited growth is significantly smaller than Ea of growth rate under nutrient-replete conditions (0.77 ± 0.06 eV). The reduced temperature dependence of metabolic rates under nutrient limitation can be explained in terms of enzyme kinetics, because both maximum reaction rates and half-saturation constants increase with temperature. Our results suggest that the direct, stimulating effect of rising temperatures upon phytoplankton metabolic rates will be circumscribed to ecosystems with high-nutrient availability.
Gas and seismicity within the Istanbul seismic gap
Authors: Géli L. , Henry P. , Grall C. , Tary J.-B. , Lomax A. , Batsi E. , Riboulot V. , Cros E. , Gürbüz C. , Işık S. E. , Sengör A. M. C. , Le Pichon X. , Ruffine L. , Dupré S. , Thomas Y. , Kalafat D. , Bayrakci G. , Coutellier Q. , Regnier T. , Westbrook G. , Saritas H. , Çifçi G. , Çağatay M. N. , Özeren M. S. , Görür N. , Tryon M. , Bohnhoff M. , Gasperini L. , Klingelhoefer F. , Scalabrin C. , Augustin J.-M. , Embriaco D. , Marinaro G. , Frugoni F. , Monna S. , Etiope G. , Favali P. , Bécel A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding micro-seismicity is a critical question for earthquake hazard assessment. Since the devastating earthquakes of Izmit and Duzce in 1999, the seismicity along the submerged section of North Anatolian Fault within the Sea of Marmara (comprising the “Istanbul seismic gap”) has been extensively studied in order to infer its mechanical behaviour (creeping vs locked). So far, the seismicity has been interpreted only in terms of being tectonic-driven, although the Main Marmara Fault (MMF) is known to strike across multiple hydrocarbon gas sources. Here, we show that a large number of the aftershocks that followed the M 5.1 earthquake of July, 25th2011 in the western Sea of Marmara, occurred within a zone of gas overpressuring in the 1.5–5 km depth range, from where pressurized gas is expected to migrate along the MMF, up to the surface sediment layers. Hence, gas-related processes should also be considered for a complete interpretation of the micro-seismicity (~M < 3) within the Istanbul offshore domain.
Multiple-Brain Connectivity During Third Party Punishment: an EEG Hyperscanning Study
Authors: Ciaramidaro A. , Toppi J. , Casper C. , Freitag C. M. , Siniatchkin M. , Astolfi L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCompassion is a particular form of empathic reaction to harm that befalls others and is accompanied by a desire to alleviate their suffering. This altruistic behavior is often manifested through altruistic punishment, wherein individuals penalize a deprecated human’s actions, even if they are directed toward strangers. By adopting a dual approach, we provide empirical evidence that compassion is a multifaceted prosocial behavior and can predict altruistic punishment. In particular, in this multiple-brain connectivity study in an EEG hyperscanning setting, compassion was examined during real-time social interactions in a third-party punishment (TPP) experiment. We observed that specific connectivity patterns were linked to behavioral and psychological intra- and interpersonal factors. Thus, our results suggest that an ecological approach based on simultaneous dual-scanning and multiple-brain connectivity is suitable for analyzing complex social phenomena.
Band transition and topological interface modes in 1D elastic phononic crystals
Authors: Yin Jianfei , Ruzzene Massimo , Wen Jihong , Yu Dianlong , Cai Li , Yue Linfeng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this report, we design a one-dimensional elastic phononic crystal (PC) comprised of an Aluminum beam with periodically arranged cross-sections to study the inversion of bulk bands due to the change of topological phases. As the geometric parameters of the unit cell varies, the second bulk band closes and reopens forming a topological transition point. This phenomenon is confirmed for both longitudinal waves and bending waves. By constructing a structural system formed by two PCs with different topological phases, for the first time, we experimentally demonstrate the existence of interface mode within the bulk band gap as a result of topological transition for both longitudinal and bending modes in elastic systems, although for bending modes, additional conditions have to be met in order to have the interface mode due to the dispersive nature of the bending waves in uniform media compared to the longitudinal waves.
Therapeutic Delivery Specifications Identified Through Compartmental Analysis of a Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Immune Reaction
Authors: Li Matthew , Khong Danika , Chin Ling-Yee , Singleton Amy , Parekkadan Biju 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite widespread preclinical success, mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has not reached consistent pivotal clinical endpoints in primary indications of autoinflammatory diseases. Numerous studies aim to uncover specific mechanisms of action towards better control of therapy using in vitro immunomodulation assays. However, many of these immunomodulation assays are imperfectly designed to accurately recapitulate microenvironment conditions where MSCs act. To increase our understanding of MSC efficacy, we herein conduct a systems level microenvironment approach to define compartmental features that can influence the delivery of MSCs’ immunomodulatory effect in vitro in a more quantitative manner than ever before. Using this approach, we notably uncover an improved MSC quantification method with predictive cross-study applicability and unveil the key importance of system volume, time exposure to MSCs, and cross-communication between MSC and T cell populations to realize full therapeutic effect. The application of these compartmental analysis can improve our understanding of MSC mechanism(s) of action and further lead to administration methods that deliver MSCs within a compartment for predictable potency.
DNAp: A Pipeline for DNA-seq Data Analysis
Authors: Causey Jason L. , Ashby Cody , Walker Karl , Wang Zhiping Paul , Yang Mary , Guan Yuanfang , Moore Jason H. , Huang Xiuzhen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNext-generation sequencing is empowering genetic disease research. However, it also brings significant challenges for efficient and effective sequencing data analysis. We built a pipeline, called DNAp, for analyzing whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data, to detect mutations from disease samples. The pipeline is containerized, convenient to use and can run under any system, since it is a fully automatic process in Docker container form. It is also open, and can be easily customized with user intervention points, such as for updating reference files and different software or versions. The pipeline has been tested with both human and mouse sequencing datasets, and it has generated mutations results, comparable to published results from these datasets, and reproducible across heterogeneous hardware platforms. The pipeline DNAp, funded by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), was developed for analyzing DNA sequencing data of FDA. Here we make DNAp an open source, with the software and documentation available to the public at http://bioinformatics.astate.edu/dna-pipeline/.
Comparative Proteomics Reveal the Association between SPANX Proteins and Clinical Outcomes of Artificial Insemination with Donor Sperm
Authors: Wang X. M. , Xiang Z. , Fu Y. , Wu H. L. , Zhu W. B. , Fan L. Q. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSemen analysis is used for diagnosing male infertility and evaluating male fertility for more than a century. However, the semen analysis simply represents the population characteristics of sperm. It is not a comprehensive assessment of the male reproductive potential. In this study, 20 semen samples from human sperm bank with distinctive artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID) clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed using a two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE); 45 differentially expressed protein spots were obtained, and 26 proteins were identified. Most differentially expressed proteins were related to sperm motility, energy consumption, and structure. These identified proteins included several sperm proteins associated with the nucleus on the X chromosome (SPANX) proteins. This prospective study aimed to investigate the association between the expression levels of SPANX proteins and the AID clinical outcomes. The proteins identified in this study provided a reference for the molecular mechanism of sperm fertility and revealed a predictive value of the SPANX proteins.
Global time-size distribution of volcanic eruptions on Earth
Authors: Papale Paolo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVolcanic eruptions differ enormously in their size and impacts, ranging from quiet lava flow effusions along the volcano flanks to colossal events with the potential to affect our entire civilization. Knowledge of the time and size distribution of volcanic eruptions is of obvious relevance for understanding the dynamics and behavior of the Earth system, as well as for defining global volcanic risk. From the analysis of recent global databases of volcanic eruptions extending back to more than 2 million years, I show here that the return times of eruptions with similar magnitude follow an exponential distribution. The associated relative frequency of eruptions with different magnitude displays a power law, scale-invariant distribution over at least six orders of magnitude. These results suggest that similar mechanisms subtend to explosive eruptions from small to colossal, raising concerns on the theoretical possibility to predict the magnitude and impact of impending volcanic eruptions.
Starbursts in and out of the star-formation main sequence
Authors: Elbaz D. , Leiton R. , Nagar N. , Okumura K. , Franco M. , Schreiber C. , Pannella M. , Wang T. , Dickinson M. , Díaz-Santos T. , Ciesla L. , Daddi E. , Bournaud F. , Magdis G. , Zhou L. , Rujopakarn W. 
Published: April 2018

Aims. We use high-resolution continuum images obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) to probe the surface density of star formation in z ~ 2 galaxies and study the different physical properties between galaxies within and above the star-formation main sequence of galaxies.
Methods. We use ALMA images at 870 μm with 0.2 arcsec resolution in order to resolve star formation in a sample of eight star-forming galaxies at z ~ 2 selected among the most massive Herschel galaxies in the GOODS-South field. This sample is supplemented with eleven galaxies from the public data of the 1.3 mm survey of the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field, HUDF. We derive dust and gas masses for the galaxies, compute their depletion times and gas fractions, and study the relative distributions of rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) and far-infrared (FIR) light.
Results. ALMA reveals systematically dense concentrations of dusty star formation close to the center of the stellar component of the galaxies. We identify two different starburst regimes: (i) the classical population of starbursts located above the SFR-M⋆ main sequence, with enhanced gas fractions and short depletion times and (ii) a sub-population of galaxies located within the scatter of the main sequence that experience compact star formation with depletion timescales typical of starbursts of ~150 Myr. In both starburst populations, the FIR and UV are distributed in distinct regions and dust-corrected star formation rates (SFRs) estimated using UV-optical-near-infrared data alone underestimate the total SFR. Starbursts hidden in the main sequence show instead the lowest gas fractions of our sample and could represent the last stage of star formation prior to passivization. Being Herschel-selected, these main sequence galaxies are located in the high-mass end of the main sequence, hence we do not know whether these “starbursts hidden in the main sequence” also exist below 1011 M⊙. Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are found to be ubiquitous in these compact starbursts, suggesting that the triggering mechanism also feeds the central black hole or that the active nucleus triggers star formation.
Thyreotoxikose bei langjähriger Multipler Sklerose? – Fallstricke der MS-Therapie mit Biotin
Authors: Pöllmann Walter , Meier Martin , Feneberg Wolfgang , Ganslmeier Josef , Kleiter Ingo 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungHochdosis-Biotin ist ein neuartiger Wirkansatz für Patienten mit progredienter Multipler Sklerose (MS), der aktuell in klinischen Studien getestet wird. Artifizielle Veränderungen von Labortests sind eine häufige Komplikation. Wir berichten von einem 44-jährigen Patienten mit vermeintlicher Thyreotoxikose unter Hochdosis-Biotintherapie. Durch potenzielle Interaktionen mit Labortests ist der Einsatz von hochdosiertem Biotin nur mit Vorsicht unter Berücksichtigung von Risikofaktoren (z. B. kardiale Erkrankungen) und erst nach intensiver Beratung sinnvoll. Das Mitführen einer Kurzinformation bei den Ausweispapieren ist anzuraten.
Thromboinflammation beim ischämischen Schlaganfall – pathophysiologisches Konzept und translationale Relevanz
Authors: Kraft Peter , Langhauser Friederike , Kleinschnitz Christoph 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungNoch vor wenigen Jahren galt der ischämische Schlaganfall pathophysiologisch gesehen als Prototyp einer rein thrombotischen Erkrankung. Dies veränderte sich sukzessive, da klar wurde, dass Immunzellen im ischämischen Hirngewebe nicht nur vorhanden sind, sondern überraschenderweise sogar eine maßgebliche pathophysiologische Rolle spielen. Mittlerweile weiß man, dass viele Bestandteile des Immunsystems an der Entwicklung eines ischämischen Schlaganfalls beteiligt sind. Von größtem Interesse ist die Beobachtung, dass sich thrombotische und inflammatorische Vorgänge bei der Schlaganfallentstehung gegenseitig beeinflussen. Ein Phänomen, das unter dem Begriff Thromboinflammation Einzug in die Literatur gefunden hat. Die vorhandene Datenlage basiert im Wesentlichen auf tierexperimentellen Studien. Erste klinische Studien deuten jedoch darauf hin, dass thromboinflammatorische Vorgänge auch beim humanen ischämischen Schlaganfall eine große pathophysiologische Relevanz haben könnten, sodass sich daraus innovative Therapiestrategien entwickeln könnten. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit skizziert die wichtigsten Mechanismen der Thromboinflammation im Kontext des ischämischen Schlaganfalls und geht auf erste translationale Ansätze ein.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Otherwise Healthy Prematurely Born Infants: A Forgotten Majority
Authors: Paes Bosco 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHealthy, premature infants ≤35 weeks' gestational age (wGA) are universally recognized to be at an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Serious respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection imposes an additional burden of illness on these infants following hospitalization. Incurred morbidities relative to term infants include longer lengths of hospital stay, admission to intensive care, and need for oxygen and mechanical ventilation, all of which are associated with increased hospital costs. The highest morbidities are experienced by premature infants who are youngest (<3 months' chronological age) and are of lower gestational age. Short- and long-term follow-up indicates that healthy preterm infants both of lower gestational age and who are late preterm have obstructive lung function at baseline, which is further compromised by RSV-related infection during infancy. There is increasing evidence that childhood exposure to an episode of RSV infection may set the stage for an abnormal respiratory function trajectory, which, in adulthood, leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Healthy premature infants <32 wGA merit RSV prophylaxis based on existing data, whereas moderate- and high-risk preterm infants 32 to 35 wGA should be selectively and cost-effectively targeted for prophylaxis using validated risk scoring tools and country-specific thresholds for funding.
Role of Lactoferrin in Neonates and Infants: An Update
Authors: Dall'Agnola Alberto , Tomé Daniel , Kaufman David , Tavella Elena , Pieretto Marta , Messina Alessandro , De Luca Daniele , Bellaiche Marc , Mosca Alexis , Piloquet Hugues , Simeoni Umberto , Picaud Jean-Charles , Del Vecchio Antonio , Manzoni Paolo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLactoferrin is one of the most represented and important bioactive proteins in human and mammal milk. In humans, lactoferrin is responsible for several actions targeting anti-infective, immunological, and gastrointestinal domains in neonates, infants, and young children. Evidence-based data vouch for the ability of supplemented lactoferrin to prevent sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants and to reduce the burden of morbidity related to gastrointestinal and respiratory pathogens in young children. However, several issues remain pending regarding answers and clarification related to quality control, correct intakes, optimal schedules and schemes of supplementations, interactions with probiotics, and different types of milk and formulas. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding lactoferrin and discusses the areas in need of further guidance prior to the adoption of strategies that include a routine use of lactoferrin in neonates and young children.
Novel Approaches to the Study of Neonatal Infections
Authors: Stronati Mauro , Castagnoli Riccardo , Ioimo Irene , Achille Cristian , Manzoni Paolo , Tzialla Chryssoula , Borghesi Alessandro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe pathogenesis of neonatal infection is incompletely understood. Neonatal immune immaturity and the microbial factors of virulence only partially explain the interindividual differences in the protective responses to the most common neonatal pathogens. Stratification of infants into high- and low-risk groups through epidemiological studies has been invaluable in designing preventive strategies and reducing the burden of neonatal infection. The discovery of the role of maternal antibodies (Abs) as, for instance, anti-capsular polysaccharide group B streptococcal (GBS) Abs, in protecting newborn infants against neonatal GBS sepsis, has been a milestone in the unraveling of the molecular underpinnings of susceptibility to infection in the neonatal age. Future work should aim at defining the cellular and molecular differences in the neonatal immune responses that account for individual susceptibility and resistance to common neonatal pathogens. The interplay between the genetic and immune backgrounds of the infant, changes in the infant's microbiome, maternal factors, and the pathogen's characteristics needs to be accurately described through human studies. Precise phenotyping and dissection of the clinical heterogeneity of neonatal infection should identify cohorts that can be studied through different study methodologies. Term and preterm infants should be investigated according to the most likely underlying mechanism, single-gene disorders and multifactorial predisposition, respectively. Novel technologies, including genotyping studies, exome and genome sequencing, analysis of the microbiome, and the study of the metabolome, are nowadays established and available and can be integrated to gain a better insight into the unexplained bases of individual susceptibility to neonatal infections.
New Diagnostic Possibilities for Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Tzialla Chryssoula , Achille Cristian , Bollani Lina , Stronati Mauro , Borghesi Alessandro , Manzoni Paolo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractProgress in neonatal care has decrease morbidity and mortality due to neonatal sepsis (NS). Although diagnosis of sepsis continues to rely on blood culture, this method is too slow and limited by false-negative results. There are numerous sepsis biomarkers that have been evaluated for the early diagnosis of NS, but, to date, there is no single ideal biomarker, though novel biomarkers are becoming more sophisticated and specific in their clinical applications. This review provides an overview of the current diagnostic approaches available or under development for diagnosing NS.