bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unresolved–Disorganized Attachment is Associated With Smaller Hippocampus and Increased Functional Connectivity Beyond Psychopathology
Authors: van Hoof Marie‐José , Riem Madelon , Garrett Amy , Pannekoek Nienke , van der Wee Nic , van IJzendoorn Marinus , Vermeiren Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLoss and abuse in children can lead to unresolved–disorganized (UD) attachment. How this condition relates to brain structure and functional connectivity (FC) is unknown. We therefore aimed to investigate gray matter volume (GMV) and resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) correlates of UD attachment in adolescents. Based on previous neuroimaging studies of trauma effects, we hypothesized that the structure of the amygdala and hippocampus and the FC of the latter would be linked to UD attachment. Anatomical and RSFC data were collected from a mixed group of adolescents (N = 74) with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to childhood sexual abuse (CSA), anxiety/depressive symptoms, and without psychiatric disorder as part of the Emotional Pathways’ Imaging Study in Clinical Adolescents (EPISCA). Bilateral volumes of the amygdala and hippocampus were measured using the FMRIB Software Library, and RSFC of the hippocampus was assessed using seed‐based correlation. UD attachment was measured using the Adult Attachment Interview. Hierarchical regression and correlation were used to assess the associations between UD status (continuous and categorical), brain structure, and FC, adjusting for a general psychopathology factor, puberty stage, gender, age, and IQ. UD attachment was associated with a smaller left hippocampal volume, R2 = .23, and a higher level of FC between the hippocampus and the middle temporal gyrus and lateral occipital cortex. The associations among UD attachment, specific brain structure, and FC across psychopathological classifications shows promise for dimensional complements to the dominant classificatory approach in clinical research and practice.
Increased prevalence of neural monitoring during thyroidectomy: Global surgical survey
Authors: Feng Allen L. , Puram Sidharth V. , Singer Michael C. , Modi Rahul , Kamani Dipti , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) use among thyroid surgeons.MethodsA 25‐question survey was used to assess attitudes regarding IONM use. Surveys were sent to surgeons registered to the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, International Association of Endocrine Surgeons, and American Head and Neck Society.ResultsAmong 1,015 respondents, 83% reported using IONM (65.1% always using IONM and 18.1% reporting selective use). For selective users, a majority reported using IONM for reoperative cases (95.1%) and in cases with preoperative vocal cord paralysis (59.8%). When comparing location, there was a significant difference in IONM implementation (P < 0.001), with 70.4% of North American responders using it ubiquitously compared to 27.4% of non‐North American responders. Preoperative laryngeal exam was performed more universally by North American surgeons and more selectively by non‐North American surgeons (P < 0.001). Other attitudes toward their implementation and the postoperative laryngeal exam were similar. Surgeons ≤45 years of age and those with ≤15 years of practice used IONM more than their peers (P < 0.001). Thyroid surgery volume, fellowship training, and type of practice had no bearing on IONM use.ConclusionThe prevalence of IONM in thyroid and parathyroid surgeries has increased significantly over the past decade, with 83% of surgeons using IONM in some or all cases. Although IONM use may be more ubiquitous in North America, attitudes toward its implementation and pre‐ and postoperative laryngeal exams are fairly uniform. IONM use is more prevalent among younger surgeons, whereas its use has no correlation with thyroid surgery volume or type of practice.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1097–1104, 2020
Optimizing international otolaryngology service trips: Perceptions from learners versus volunteers
Authors: Worden Cameron P. , Stephenson Elizabeth D. , Senior Brent A. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives/HypothesisOptimizing value of medical service trips (MSTs) requires alignment of the services provided with the needs and desires of hosts. Our aim was to understand which MST services Vietnamese otolaryngologists find most beneficial and contrast to those believed most important by volunteers.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsOtolaryngologists from a tertiary care institution travel to Vietnam yearly. In March 2018, surveys were distributed to Vietnamese otolaryngology faculty, residents, and US otolaryngology volunteers. The value of 11 MST‐provided services were graded on a five‐point Likert scale. Services included observing US otolaryngology volunteers perform surgery, US otolaryngology volunteer lectures, paper/electronic lecture material, instrument donation, minifellowships in the United States, among others. Respondents also voted for the single most important service. Responses were analyzed via Kruskal‐Wallis analysis of variance and Wilcoxon rank sum test.ResultsA total of 153 survey responses were recorded. There were 52% respondents who identified as male and 39% as female. The highest‐valued services by Vietnamese otolaryngologists were didactic lectures given by US otolaryngology volunteers (4.6/5 ± 0.6), and reviewing cases with US otolaryngology volunteers in the clinic (4.4/5 ± 0.9). The least important services were instrument donation and seeing US otolaryngology volunteers assist with surgery (≤4.1/5). The highest‐value services perceived by US otolaryngology volunteers were reviewing cases in the clinic and sponsoring minifellowships (4.9 ± 0.4). Vietnamese faculty perceived the single most important service to be US volunteer lectures (20/74 votes), whereas Vietnamese residents perceived minifellowships to be most important (13/34 votes)ConclusionsVietnamese otolaryngologists desire an education‐focused relationship with US otolaryngology volunteers, with didactic lectures and sponsored US fellowships having the highest value and performance of surgeries having less value.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:E305–E310, 2020
Peptide‐Thiophene Hybrids as Self‐Assembling Conductive Hydrogels
Authors: James Ellie I. , Jenkins Lauren D. , Murphy Amanda R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA bottom‐up approach is taken to confer multidimensional structure to conductive polymers by attaching thiophene monomers to peptides predicted to self‐assemble into a biomimetic, fibrous nanostructure. A library of 12 peptides containing covalently attached thiophene monomers are synthesized. Peptide sequences capable of robust self‐assembly and hydrogel formation in aqueous media are further polymerized in situ and the physical and electrical properties are characterized. The resulting hybrid materials have conductivities in the range of 10−2 to 10−3 S cm−1 and possess moduli in the range of several tissue types, making them potential candidates for use in tissue engineering and bioelectronic applications.
It's about our values: How founder's stories influence brand authenticity
Authors: Hamby Anne , Brinberg David , Daniloski Kim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCompanies increasingly share the stories behind their brand's founding to engage consumers. The current studies explore how the motives that underlie business formation in founder's stories influence consumer brand perceptions. Specifically, stories that highlight self‐transcendence (vs. self‐enhancement) founder values enhance the perceived authenticity of the focal brand. We examine narrative co fidelity as a mechanism of narrative persuasion through which the audience judges whether the motives underlying character actions represent “good reasons” for action. Across three studies, we show that the values underlying a founder's motivation to start a business influence the perceived authenticity of the associated brand, and this relationship is mediated by narrative fidelity. Further, reader's personal values moderate the influence of founder's values on narrative fidelity judgments, and the relationship between narrative fidelity and brand authenticity is attenuated by a merger between the original company and another company, demonstrating a boundary condition of the observed relationships.
Insensitivity to loss predicts apathy in huntington's disease
Authors: McLauchlan Duncan J. , Lancaster Thomas , Craufurd David , Linden David E.J. , Rosser Anne E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundApathy is a deficit in goal‐directed behavior that significantly affects quality of life and function. It is common in Huntington's disease and other disorders affecting corticostriatal pathways. Deficits in processing of reward, altered effort, and executive dysfunction are associated with apathy in other disorders, but the cognitive processes leading to apathy in Huntington's disease remain largely unknown. A previously reported deficit in learning from losses in Huntington's disease raises the possibility of a hitherto unrecognized mechanism leading to apathy. This study's objective was to delineate the cognitive processes associated with apathy in HD.MethodsWe tested 51 Huntington's disease participants and 26 controls on a battery of novel and established measures to assess the contribution to apathy in Huntington's disease of executive function, reward value, reward‐effort calculations, instrumental learning, and response to reward and loss.ResultsHuntington's disase participants had deficits in instrumental learning with impaired response to loss, but no evidence to suggest altered reward‐related behavior or effort. We also saw an executive dysfunction contribution to apathy in Huntington's disease.DiscussionWe report the novel finding that apathy in Huntington's disease is associated with blunted responses to losses and impaired instrumental learning. This association is consistent with the known early degeneration of the indirect pathway and amygdala involvement in apathy in Huntington's disease, but is previously unreported in any disorder. In keeping with the comparative preservation of the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex in Huntington's disease, reward valuation and reward‐effort calculations did not contribute to apathy. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Longitudinal analyses of cerebrospinal fluid α‐Synuclein in prodromal and early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mollenhauer Brit , Caspell‐Garcia Chelsea J. , Coffey Christopher S. , Taylor Peggy , Singleton Andy , Shaw Leslie M. , Trojanowski John Q. , Frasier Mark , Simuni Tanya , Iranzo Alex , Oertel Wolfgang , Siderowf Andrew , Weintraub Daniel , Seibyl John , Toga Arthur W. , Tanner Caroline M. , Kieburtz Karl , Chahine Lana M. , Marek Kenneth , Galasko Douglas ,   for the PPMI study
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAggregation of α‐synuclein is central to the pathophysiology of PD. Biomarkers related to α‐synuclein may be informative for PD diagnosis/progression.ObjectivesTo analyze α‐synuclein in CSF in drug‐naïve PD, healthy controls, and prodromal PD in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative.MethodsOver up to 36‐month follow‐up, CSF total α‐synuclein and its association with MDS‐UPDRS motor scores, cognitive assessments, and dopamine transporter imaging were assessed.ResultsThe inception cohort included PD (n = 376; age [mean {standard deviation} years]: 61.7 [9.62]), healthy controls (n = 173; age, 60.9 [11.3]), hyposmics (n = 16; age, 68.3 [6.15]), and idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (n = 32; age, 69.3 [4.83]). Baseline CSF α‐synuclein was lower in manifest and prodromal PD versus healthy controls. Longitudinal α‐synuclein decreased significantly in PD at 24 and 36 months, did not change in prodromal PD over 12 months, and trended toward an increase in healthy controls. The decrease in PD was not shown when CSF samples with high hemoglobin concentration were removed from the analysis. CSF α‐synuclein changes did not correlate with longitudinal MDS‐UPDRS motor scores or dopamine transporter scan.ConclusionsCSF α‐synuclein decreases early in the disease, preceding motor PD. CSF α‐synuclein does not correlate with progression and therefore does not reflect ongoing dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Decreased CSF α‐synuclein may be an indirect index of changes in the balance between α‐synuclein secretion, solubility, or aggregation in the brain, reflecting its overall turnover. Additional biomarkers more directly related to α‐synuclein pathophysiology and disease progression and other markers to be identified by, for example, proteomics and metabolomics are needed. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Design and synthesis of glycomimetics: Recent advances
Authors: Tamburrini Alice , Colombo Cinzia , Bernardi Anna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the past few decades, our understanding of glycan information‐encoding power has notably increased, thus leading to a significant growth also in the design and synthesis of glycomimetic probes. Combining data from multiple analytical sources, such as crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and other biophysical methods (eg, surface plasmon resonance and carbohydrate microarrays) has allowed to shed light on the key interaction events between carbohydrates and their protein‐targets. However, the low metabolic stability of carbohydrates and their high hydrophilicity, which translates in low bioavailability, undermine their development as drugs. In this framework, the design of chemically modified analogues (called carbohydrate mimics or glycomimetics) appears as a valid alternative for the development of therapeutic agents. Glycomimetics, as structural and functional mimics of carbohydrates, can replace the native ligands in the interaction with target proteins, but are designed to show enhanced enzymatic stability and bioavailability and, possibly, an improved affinity and selectivity toward the target. In the present account, we specifically focus on the most recent advances in the design and synthesis of glycomimetics. In particular, we highlight the efforts of the scientific community in the development of straightforward synthetic procedures for the preparation of sugar mimics and in their preliminary biological evaluation.
Genetic polymorphisms analysis of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in Bai ethnic group from China
Authors: Chen Wanlu , Ding Heng , Cheng Yujing , Li Qi , Dai Run , Yang Xin , Zhang Chan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe pharmacogenomics study has been widely used for the study of very important pharmacogenetic (VIP) variants among different ethnic groups. However, there is little known about the pharmacogenomics information regarding Bai family. Our study aimed to screen the polymorphism of the VIP gene in Bai nationality.MethodsWe genotyped 81 VIP variants (selected from the PharmGKB database) in the Bai population and then compared them to the other 11 major HapMap populations by chi‐square test, structure and F‐statistics (Fst) analysis.ResultsOur results indicated that rs20417 (PTGS2), rs4148323 (UGT1A), and rs1131596 (SLC19A1) were most different in Bai compared with most of the 11 populations from the HapMap data set. Furthermore, population structure and F‐statistics (Fst) analysis also demonstrated that the Bai population has the closest genetic relationship with Han Chinese in Beijing, China (CHB), followed by Japanese in Tokyo, Japan (JPT), and the farthest population from the Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria (YRI).ConclusionsOur study not only presented the genotype frequency difference between the selected population of the Bai population and the other 11 populations, but also showed that the Bai population is most similar to the CHB populations, followed by JPT. These findings would contribute to the development of individualized medicine for the Bai population.
Validation of Annuli and Identification of Discontinuities in Sagittal Otoliths of Juvenile Alligator Gar
Authors: Buckmeier David L. , Smith Nathan G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Annual increment periodicity has been validated in sagittal otoliths of Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula; however, discontinuities (often referred to as false annuli or checks) are common in early years, potentially affecting both accuracy and precision. We used up to four injections of oxytetracycline (OTC) to induce time stamps associated with annuli (opaque zones) in the otoliths of juvenile Alligator Gar (ages 2–6; n = 68). These OTC marks allowed us to test a reader's ability to distinguish discontinuities (hereafter, “checks”) from annuli by using established criteria. In addition, the OTC marks were used to infer the timing of translucent zone and opaque zone formation. Although the reader's error rate was low (6%), some checks were essentially indistinguishable from annuli. Checks were common, occurring in over half of the otoliths examined and within all annual increments in these juvenile fish. The association of all OTC marks with the opaque zones of the annual increment further validates annulus formation in juvenile Alligator Gar and indicates that these narrow zones formed approximately between November and June. Subsequently, it can be inferred that the much wider translucent zones formed from about June to November. Although opaque zone formation was complete by June, new annuli were not distinguishable from the ventral edge of the otolith until translucent material was deposited beyond the annuli. In our samples, only 22.2% of the otoliths from fish sacrificed on June 30 (n = 9) had fully visible annuli along the edge of the otolith. Based on multiple studies, it is apparent that annual increments form in the sagittal otoliths of Alligator Gar throughout their lives; however, the interpretation of these increments can be very difficult. In our experience, the OTC marking of fish can provide a valuable tool for training and verification programs needed for this species and for other long-lived fishes that pose difficulties in age estimation.
An implicit dual‐based approach to couple peridynamics with classical continuum mechanics
Authors: Bie Yehui , Li She , Hu Xin , Cui Xiangyang 
Published: July 2019

SummaryA general local/nonlocal implicit coupling technique called the dual‐based approach is proposed to couple peridynamics (PD) with classical continuum mechanics. In the present method, physical information is transmitted mutually from local to nonlocal regions through the coupling elements; no transition region is introduced. For different mesh discretizations, two coupling methods are achieved with simplicity and effectivity. To obtain the stiffness matrix of the coupled model, without loss of generality, the implicit dual‐horizon ordinary state‐based peridynamic model is proposed, in which the linearization of dual‐horizon ordinary state‐based PD is derived and the dual assembly algorithm of the peridynamic stiffness matrix is developed. It will be seen that the implicit dual‐based coupling approach provides a new implicit coupling method that is easy to implement and makes full use of the internal connection between PD and classical continuum mechanics. Several numerical examples involving static crack propagation are investigated, and the satisfactory results show both quantitative and qualitative agreement with either the analytic solution or the available experiment.
An investigation into resorcinol formaldehyde carbon aerogel/epoxy coatings: Exploring mechanical properties, ultraviolet stability, and corrosion resistance
Authors: Naderi Mehdi , Aghabararpour Mohammad , Najafi Mohammad , Motahari Siamak 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present study, carbon aerogels (CAs) are prepared through the pyrolysis of resorcinol‐formaldehyde aerogel and are then used as reinforcement in epoxy resin (ER) for coating applications. In order to reduce the viscosity of ER and enhance the dispersion and wetting of CA particles in the epoxy matrix, a reactive diluent is used. ER coatings containing different contents of CAs were synthesized and analyzed in terms of mechanical, morphological, ultraviolet (UV) resistance, adhesion, and anticorrosion properties. Applying only 3 wt% of CAs could significantly improve the mechanical properties, impact strength, and the joint shear strength of the ER. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy data before and after UV degradation were used for investigating the effect of CAs on UV stability; it was confirmed that CAs particles improved the UV resistance of the epoxy coatings. Moreover, the results of salt spray test and electro impedance spectroscopy proved that CAs enhanced the corrosion resistance of the epoxy coatings efficiently.
Biomass‐derived furanic polycarbonates: Mild synthesis and control of the glass transition temperature
Authors: Choi Eun Ho , Lee Juhyen , Son Seung Uk , Song Changsik 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) is a promising biomass‐derived polymer platform, but it is incompatible with traditional methods used for synthesizing polycarbonates (PCs) owing to its thermal instability. In this study, BHMF‐based furanic (FR) PCs were prepared successfully at a relatively low temperature through the mediation of carbonyldiimidazole. The low Tg of aliphatic FR‐PCs was controlled elaborately, exploiting the reactivity of furan in the Diels–Alder reactions and the molecular rigidity of the resulting oxabicycles. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1796–1800
Nuclear Uptake of Gold Nanoparticles Deduced Using Dual‐Angle X‐Ray Fluorescence Mapping
Authors: McCulloch Aaron , Bennie Lindsey , Coulter Jonathan A. , McCarthy Helen O. , Dromey Brendan , Grimes David R. , Quinn Paul , Villagomez‐Bernabe Balder , Currell Frederick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudies into the cell nucleus' incorporation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are often limited by ambiguities arising from conventional imaging techniques. Indeed, it is suggested that to date there is no unambiguous imaging evidence for such uptake in whole cells, particularly at the single nanoparticle level. This shortcoming in understanding exists despite the nucleus being the most important subcellular compartment in eukaryotes and gold being the most commonly used metal nanoparticle in medical applications. Here, dual‐angle X‐ray flouresence is used to show individually resolved nanoparticles within the cell nucleus, finding them to be well separated and 79% of the intranuclear population to be monodispersed. These findings have important implications for nanomedicine, illustrated here through a specific exemplar of the predicted enhancement of radiation effects arising from the observed AuNPs, finding intranuclear dose enhancements spanning nearly five orders of magnitude.