bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riyadh’s Urban Greenwave: Fostering City Resilience Through Large-Scale Greening
Authors: Habiby Anne , Yaseen Lama 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the crucial role of nature-based development and urban afforestation, including parks and connected green corridors, in boosting city climate resilience and fostering green mobility. It highlights the strategic value of green spaces in protecting urban areas from climate change effects like rising temperatures and severe weather. As cities in regions with rising temperatures face climate change impacts, green areas are increasingly seen not just as recreational spaces but as vital elements of urban climate strategies. Saudi Arabia, one of the world’s hottest countries, and the broader Arabian Peninsula have warmed 50% faster than other northern hemisphere land masses (Climate Futures Report, 2023, KAUST, AEON Collective, KAPSARC). Saudi Arabia is making large-scale investments in urban green infrastructure, developing Riyadh as a leading city with sustainable arid climate. Riyadh’s strategies appear to be creating a Greenwave, a comprehensive, climate-positive movement through extensive citywide greening, with green corridors to support sustainable transportation. The fundamental aspects of this emerging Greenwave—urban greening and decarbonized mobility—are poised for transformative, large-scale change. A comparative spatial analysis of Riyadh suggests that new parks will extend green space across the city into nearly all residential and commercial areas, linking them via tree-lined boulevards to the newly established Riyadh Metro. This nature-based planning exemplifies Riyadh’s commitment to sustainability and may represent one of the most comprehensive urban adaptations to a warming world.
Climate-Resilient Cities—Priorities for the GCC Countries Resilient Power Systems
Authors: Hayat Muhammad Adnan , Mouchaweh Moamar Sayed 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHistorically, power generation and transmission systems remained centralized and less prone to extreme events. However, with many countries aiming to achieve net-zero emissions including in the power sector. The future power system brings new challenges for the power system security, reliability, and resiliency. The emerging power grid is comprised of a greater mix of inverter based intermittent renewable generation resources which are heavily reliant on weather conditions. Additionally, the electricity sector is becoming more and more digitized and integrated with other sectors like health, transport, and industry. Therefore, even a short blackout can disrupt the whole city and halt emergency services which makes the resilient power system more important than ever. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries similar to other countries are projecting similar trends in terms of grid transformation and modernization. On top of it, GCC countries are projected to experience significant growth in power demand driven by urbanization, industrial activities, and population growth. This chapter discusses in detail how emerging power systems can be made more resilient against severe weather events and digital disasters. This chapter concludes by outlining key considerations for the GCC countries to enable resilient power system.
Proactive Distributed Renewable Energy Resources (DRER) for Powering Tomorrow
Authors: Gautier Luis , Fikru Mahelet G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe production and consumption of cleaner energy by distributed renewable energy resource (DRER) owners, sometimes referred to as prosumers, is expected to increase over the next few decades. With energy storage still remaining a costly investment, DRERs are actively looking for ways to match their peak onsite renewable generation with increased consumption to enhance their self-consumption rate. Despite a growing economics literature presenting energy production–consumption decisions by prosumers, there are not many studies characterizing DRER owners that proactively manage their energy accordingly. Building on past studies, we present a model of a DRER owner that maximizes utility to determine her rate of self-consumption after making energy production and consumption decisions. Our results suggest that a proactive DRER owner exhibits a relatively higher level of self-consumption if she cares enough about the carbon footprint coming from her energy consumption decisions. This points to the need for designing customized policy interventions based on how DRER owners view carbon emissions, ranging from no intervention with higher degrees of carbon disutility to using price incentives to encourage production and consumption of energy by the DRER owner.
Three-leg form factor on Coulomb branch
Authors: Belitsky A. V. , Bork L. V. , Grumski-Flores J. M. , Smirnov V. A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the form factor of the lowest component of the stress-tensor multiplet away from the origin of the moduli space in the spontaneously broken, aka Coulomb, phase of the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory for decay into three massive W-bosons. The calculations are done at two-loop order by deriving and solving canonical differential equations in the asymptotical limit of nearly vanishing W-masses. We confirm our previous findings that infrared physics of ‘off-shell observables’ is governed by the octagon anomalous dimension rather than the cusp. In addition, the form factor in question possesses a nontrivial remainder function, which was found to be identical to the massless case, upon a proper subtraction of infrared logarithms (and finite terms). However, the iterative structure of the object is more intricate and is not simply related to the previous orders in coupling as opposed to amplitudes/form factors at the origin of the moduli space.
A new solution to the Callan Rubakov effect
Authors: Brennan T. Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study the scattering of massive fermions off of smooth, spherically symmetric monopoles in 4d SU(2) gauge theory. We propose a complete physical picture of the monopole-fermion interaction which encompasses all angular momentum modes. We show that as an in-going fermion scatters off a monopole, it excites trapped W-bosons in the monopole core by a version of the Witten effect so that the monopole can accrue charge and transform into a dyon at parametrically low energies. The imparted electric charge is then protected from decay by an emergent ℤN generalized global symmetry, creating a stable dyon. At sufficiently low energies, the scattered fermion can be trapped by the dyon’s electrostatic potential, forming a bound state, which can decay into spherically symmetric fermion modes subject to the preserved ℤN global symmetry. We propose that monopole-fermion scattering can be described in this way without needing to add “new” states to the Hilbert space, thereby eliminating a long standing confusion in the Callan Rubakov effect.
Gauge-fixing local H symmetry in supergravities
Authors: Kallosh Renata , Samtleben Henning , Van Proeyen Antoine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We discuss known maximal D-dimensional supergravities of two types: type I with G/H coset spaces and type II derived by compactification from higher dimensions without dualization, these have less manifest symmetries. In 4D and 6D in type I models we perform explicit gauge-fixing of local H symmetries in unitary gauges: symmetric, Iwasawa and partial Iwasawa. In 4D supergravity I in symmetric gauge global H-invariance and nonlinearly realized G-symmetry are valid on shell, classically. The global H-symmetry and G-symmetry in Iwasawa-type gauges in type I and in type II supergravities are not manifest, if at all present. This fact raises the issue of the gauge equivalence of the S-matrix of various gauge-fixed D-dimensional supergravities and its relation to the ones computable using superamplitude methods.
Das Erlernen digitaler Gesundheitskompetenz im schulischen Kontext: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Befragung von Schülerinnen und Schülern in Deutschland
Authors: Renninger Denise , Stauch Lisa , Fischer Lisa , Hartmann Anja , Rangnow Pia , Dadaczynski Kevin , Okan Orkan 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Digitale Informationsquellen bieten Jugendlichen schnellen Zugang zu gesundheitsbezogenen Informationen. Schulen sind ideal, um die digitale Gesundheitskompetenz (dGK) zu fördern und Schülerinnen und Schülern (SuS) einen sicheren Umgang mit solchen Informationen zu ermöglichen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, erste Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Studie zum Erlernen von dGK in Schulen mit Blick auf soziodemografische und sozioökonomische Unterschiede vorzustellen.

Methoden
Durchgeführt wurde eine Querschnittsstudie mit 1448 SuS (9 bis 18 Jahre) in Deutschland im Rahmen des Projekts DURCHBLICKT!. Über bivariate und multivariate Analysen wurden Unterschiede und Zusammenhänge im Erlernen der dGK und Geschlecht, Alter, Migrationshintergrund sowie subjektiven Sozialstatus überprüft.

Ergebnisse
Etwa 50 % der SuS gaben an, dGK (eher) nicht in der Schule erlernt zu haben. Der Chi-Quadrat-Test zeigt signifikante Unterschiede in Bezug auf Geschlecht, Alter, Migrationshintergrund und Sozialstatus. Regressionsanalysen zeigen, dass besonders das Alter und der subjektive Sozialstatus bedeutende Faktoren für das Erlernen der dGK sind.

Diskussion
Die hohe Zahl der SuS, die dGK nicht in der Schule erlernen, ist besorgniserregend, vor allem im Hinblick auf ihre oft geringe dGK. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit gezielter Bildungsstrategien – insbesondere solche, die auf Geschlecht und sozioökonomischen Status abgestimmt sind –, um dGK zu fördern und soziale Ungleichheiten zu verringern.
SK609, a novel dopamine D3 receptor agonist and norepinephrine transporter blocker with putative pro-cognitive actions, does not induce psychostimulant-like increases in risky choice during probabilistic discounting
Authors: Knapp Christopher P. , Fallon Brooke , Kortagere Sandhya , Waterhouse Barry D. , Floresco Stan B. , Navarra Rachel L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Psychostimulants, such as amphetamine (AMPH) and methylphenidate (MPH), non-selectively elevate extracellular concentrations of the catecholamine neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE), and are common pharmacological strategies used to improve prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent cognitive dysfunction. However, this approach can be problematic given AMPH has been shown to increase preference for risky choices in a rodent assay of risk/reward decision making. SK609 is a novel NE reuptake blocker that selectively activates DA D3 receptors without affinity for the DA transporter. SK609 has been shown to improve cognitive performance without increasing psychostimulant-like spontaneous locomotor activity, suggesting SK609 may benefit neurocognitive function without psychostimulant-like side effect liability.

Objectives
We compared AMPH, MPH, and SK609 within dose ranges that display their cognitive enhancing properties in a probabilistic discounting task (PDT) of risk/reward decision making behavior to assess their potential to increase risky choice preference.

Methods
Rats chose between small/certain rewards delivered with 100% certainty and large/risky rewards delivered with descending probabilities across a session (100 − 6.25%) following administration of AMPH (0.25-1 mg/kg), MPH (2–8 mg/kg), and SK609 (4 mg/kg).

Results
AMPH and MPH increased risky choice behavior at doses previously reported to enhance cognition, whereas SK609 did not. AMPH and MPH also reduced sensitivity to non-rewarded risky choices.

Conclusions
These data highlight the combination of NE transporter blockade and selective D3 activation in pro-cognitive action without psychostimulant-like side effect liability. The absence of DA transporter blockade and non-selective dopaminergic activation are beneficial properties of SK609 that differentiates it from the traditional pro-cognitive psychostimulants.
Carbonate mineralogy and geochemistry of bryozoans along the South African coast
Authors: Krzemińska Małgorzata , Piwoni-Piórewicz Anna , Boonzaaier-Davids Melissa K. , Florence Wayne , Waeschenbach Andrea , Najorka Jens , Jenkins Helen L. , Kukliński Piotr 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to investigate whether environmental or biological factors predominantly influence bryozoan biomineralization along the South African coast (spanning from 29.263°S; 16.87°E to 27.540°S; 32.677°E), a region known for its diverse oceanographic conditions. New data into the mineralogical (calcite vs. aragonite) and geochemical (Mg content in calcite) composition of bryozoans are provided, enhancing the global database and understanding of biomineralization patterns. To date, there has been a notable scarcity of data on bryozoan skeletal composition in tropical and subtropical regions, representing a significant gap in our knowledge and understanding of the impacts of climate change on marine, calcifying organisms. Our research reveals a diverse array of carbonate skeletons across nearly half of the known bryozoan species in the region, with calcitic forms dominating, followed by bimineralic and aragonite-based forms. The prevalence of aragonite-containing skeletons, particularly within the Cheilostomatida, mirrors global patterns, indicating a correlation with sea temperature gradients. Significant mineralogy and magnesium calcite variability exists within the Flustrina and Membraniporina suborders (Cheilostomatida). Despite exploring various environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, or impact of currents (Agulhas, Benguela, or mixed), no clear correlation with mineralogical patterns emerged. Instead, the study underscores the substantial influence of biological control on bryozoan skeletal carbonate mineralogy and geochemistry. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive, multi-parametric analyses to unravel environmental signals in bryozoan biomineralization, contributing to a deeper understanding of the impacts of climate and local conditions on marine calcifiers.
Karrierewege und Arbeitszufriedenheit in der Schmerzmedizin
Authors: Erlenwein Joachim , Kube Benedikt , Boujong Dirk , Nadstawek Joachim , Hüppe Michael , Jürgens Tim P. , Meißner Winfried , Petzke Frank 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Schmerzmedizin ist eine interdisziplinäre und interprofessionelle Spezialisierung. Aufgrund von Nachwuchssorgen und Überalterung, insbesondere bei Ärzten, ist es von Bedeutung, berufliche Entwicklung und Karrierewege in die Schmerzmedizin besser zu verstehen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, die beruflichen Wege von Menschen, die in einer Einrichtung der spezialisierten schmerzmedizinischen/schmerztherapeutischen Versorgung tätig sind, deren Motivation und Arbeitszufriedenheit zu erfassen.

Material und Methoden
Mit einem standardisierten Online-Fragebogen wurden über kooperierende Fachgesellschaften und Verbände deren Mitglieder befragt.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden Angaben von 398 Ärzten, 78 Psychologen, 62 Physiotherapeuten, 3 Ergotherapeuten und 23 Pflegefachpersonen in die Auswertung einbezogen. Die Altersverteilung lag eher in höheren Altersgruppen, der größte Anteil an Antwortenden war zwischen 51 und 60 Lebensjahren. Auf den Karrierewegen kamen die Teilnehmenden erst nach vielen Jahren Berufstätigkeit klinisch mit der Schmerzmedizin in Kontakt. Gerade bei Ärzten zeigt sich dabei eine Latenz von fast einem Jahrzehnt nach Approbation (8 ± 6 Jahre (max. 30) bzw. 5 ± 6 (min. 0, max. 28) Jahre), bzw. bereits als Facharzt gearbeitet zu haben, bis zur ersten klinischen Tätigkeit in einer spezialisierten schmerzmedizinischen Einrichtung (Psychologen 5 ± 5 (min. 0, max. 22) Jahre nach ihrem Studienabschluss bzw. 4 ± 5 (min. 0, max. 16) Jahre nach Approbation; PEP 1 ± 9 (min. 0, max. 37) Jahre nach Ausbildungsabschluss). Hinsichtlich motivationaler Faktoren werden intrinsische Aspekte höher bewertet als monetäre. Vereinbarkeitsfragen standen eher im Mittelfeld der Gewichtung. Bzgl. der Arbeitszufriedenheit in der Schmerzmedizin zeichnet sich bei den Antwortenden ein Bild mit insgesamt höheren Werten bei der Angabe der Zufriedenheit ab, wobei in den Kategorien „Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten“, „Zusatzverdienstmöglichkeiten“ und „Anerkennung der Tätigkeit bei Vorgesetzten“ die niedrigsten Zufriedenheitswerte angegeben werden. Über 1/3 der Befragten gab an, dass berufliche Änderungen mit Wechsel aus der Schmerzmedizin anstehen, insbesondere der Rentenbeginn.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Wahrnehmung kritischer Zukunftsaussichten und lassen Risiken hinsichtlich der zukünftigen Versorgungssicherung von Menschen mit chronischen Schmerzen erkennen. Sie liefern erstmals einen Einblick in die Wege von Mitarbeitenden in die Schmerzmedizin und zu deren Motivationen und Arbeitsplatzzufriedenheit, die bei der Diskussion um die personelle Zukunftssicherung Berücksichtigung finden sollten.
Th22 cells promote the transition from homeostatic to reactive microglia in diabetic encephalopathy
Authors: Yu Sheng-Xue , Yu Hong Dan , Wang Yu-Fei , Yao Tie-Feng , Lv Song-Ze , Wang Yan-Chuan , Li Jun-Qi , Liu Wen-Qiang , Ding Jia-Yuan , Liu Xue-Zheng , Zuo Zhong-Fu , Liu Wan-Peng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and its pathogenesis has not yet been clarified. Th22 cells are a newly discovered class of CD4+ T cells that play important roles in inflammatory, autoimmune and infectious diseases. However, it is unclear whether Th22 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of DE.

Methods
We established a T2DM mouse model in vivo and cocultured Th22 cells with microglia under high glucose (HG) conditions in vitro. Cognitive dysfunction was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM) test; blood‒brain barrier (BBB) integrity was evaluated using the Evans blue (EB) extravasation assay; Th22 cells and IL-22 receptors were detected by immunofluorescence; and IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, CD86, Arg-1, and CD206 protein expression was measured by Western Blot (WB) analysis.

Results
Th22 cells passed through the BBB into the hippocampus and secreted interleukin-22 (IL-22), and the mice subsequently exhibited decreased learning and memory abilities. In the DE model, IL-22 promoted the transformation of homeostatic microglia into reactive microglia as well as the inflammatory response. Additionally, coculture of Th22 cells with BV2 microglia cultured under HG conditions increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and the microglia showed reactive changes. Mechanistically, IL-22Rα1 acted as a ligand, and IL-22 bound to IL-22Rα1 on microglia to drive primary microglia-induced inflammatory responses. Interestingly, interleukin-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) directly binds to IL-22Rα1 on microglia to inhibit the proinflammatory effects of IL-22.

Conclusion
Th22 cells secrete IL-22 after passing through the BBB into the hippocampus and promote the transformation of homeostatic microglia into reactive microglia, which induces an inflammatory response, exacerbates learning and memory impairment and cognitive deficits, and contributes to and accelerates the development of DE.
First-price auction with a stochastic head start
Authors: Klunover Doron 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe consider a two-player first-price sealed-bid auction for an item with a common value, where one player has a head start with a stochastic value. We show that under mild conditions, there exists a unique Bayesian Nash equilibrium in pure strategies in which the player with the head start buys the item at a price equal to its value minus the minimal value of the head start rather than its expected value. Thus, the seller extracts an information rent. Applications of the results in professional sports are considered.
Conversion to community-supported agriculture—pathways, motives and barriers for German farmers
Authors: Schmidt Jana , Egli Lukas , Gaspers Maite , Zech Mirco , Gastinger Miene , Rommel Marius 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuring the last 30 years, the number of farms in Germany has decreased by more than 50%. Due to socioeconomic pressures, particularly small- and medium-sized farms are forced to close down. A partial or full conversion to community-supported agriculture (CSA) might be an approach to increase the economic viability of a farm in the long term, as the costs related to CSA are covered by the members and, therefore, risks are shared. Moreover, CSA can contribute to a transformation towards sustainable and resilient food systems and to a revitalisation of structurally weak regions. Based on a quantitative analysis of nearly 500 CSA farms in Germany and semi-structured interviews with ten CSA farms that originated from a conversion of an existing farm, we investigated pathways, motives and barriers for German farmers to convert to CSA. We found that only one quarter of the existing CSA farms originated from a conversion. Most of the converted farms were organically certified and focused on mixed cropping and horticulture. Economic stability, consistency with own values and the pleasure of working in an appreciative community were the main drivers for conversion. Major barriers included uncertainty about the membership potential in a region, the shortage of skilled labour, inappropriate funding legislation and bureaucratic obstacles. Cooperation between various actors is needed to overcome these barriers and to promote the diffusion of the CSA model.
Bio-synthesis of nano-zero-valent iron using barberry leaf extract: classification and utilization in the processing of methylene blue-polluted water
Authors: Natrayan L. , Kalam Sd. Abdul , Sheela Santha , Paramasivam Prabhu , Shanmugam Kirubanandan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study explores an eco-friendly and efficient approach to remediate water contaminated with methylene blue dye by leveraging green adsorption techniques. Specifically, we employed barberry leaf extract, a renewable biomass resource, as a reduction and capping agent to synthesize nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) for targeted methylene blue dye adsorption. State-of-the-art analytical methods, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), steady-state absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray crystallography, were employed to elucidate the structural and morphological properties of the synthesized nZVI. The study achieved a remarkable adsorption efficiency of 97.52% at optimal pH 7 and 30 °C conditions, highlighting its potential for real-world applications. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-first-order model, aligning well with the principles of biorefinery systems. The Freundlich isotherm model was effectively used to describe the adsorption process, with a maximum sorption capacity of 56.37 mg/L. Optimal system constants were also derived, offering valuable insights for scaling the process. Significantly, our nZVI showed high reusability, affirming its suitability as a cost-effective and environmentally responsible adsorbent. The methodology and findings of this study have promising implications for the biomass conversion industry, particularly in the design of sustainable water treatment technologies.