bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Framework to Measure/Assess the Utility of Profiling as a Counterterrorism Tool
Authors: McGuirk Noel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe assessment of the usefulness of terrorist profiling is often conflated with an exaggerated presentation of the threat of terrorism as a basis to justify the use of terrorist profiling or an exaggerated impact of terrorist profiling as a basis to criticize its use by law enforcement officers. There is a considerable gap in the literature on terrorist profiling which fails to present a framework that can objectively engage in assessing/measuring the usefulness of terrorist profiling. The continued prevalence of terrorism continues to necessitate the existence of counterterrorism frameworks that allow law enforcement officers deploy pre-emptive control strategies. However, the difficulty posed by the existence of these strategies is whether they can actually be considered capable of assisting law enforcement officers detect, deter, or prosecute those engaged in acts of terrorism or its associated preparatory activities. This article proposes to address this gap by firstly examining previous attempts at analysing the usefulness of terrorist profiling and the different approaches more generally adopted to measure the usefulness of counterterrorism strategies. This discussion is followed by a presentation of a workable framework that can be applied to different manifestations of terrorist profiling to begin considering its usefulness as a counterterrorist tool. This article ultimately concludes that any assessment of terrorist profiling requires an assessment of the processes used to construct profiles separately from the assessment of the application of terrorist profiling in the field with a further layer of assessing considering its broader impact to question its overall usefulness as a counterterrorism tool.
NEUTRON DOSE ASSESSMENT USING SAMPLES OF HUMAN BLOOD AND HAIR
Authors: Ekendahl Daniela , Rubovič Peter , Žlebčík Pavel , Hupka Ivan , Huml Ondřej , Bečková Věra , Malá Helena 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The unique feature of nuclear accidents with neutron exposure is the induced radioactivity in body tissues. For dosimetry purposes, the most important stable isotopes occurring in human body, which can be activated by neutrons, are 23 Na and 32 S. The respective activation reactions are as follows:23Na(n,γ)24Na and32S(n,p)32P. While sodium occurs in human blood, sulfur is present in human hair. In order to verify the practical feasibility of this dosimetry technique in conditions of our laboratory, samples of human blood and hair were irradiated in a channel of a training reactor VR-1.24Na activity was measured by gamma-ray spectrometry.32P activity in hair was measured by means of a proportional counter. Based on neutron-spectrum calculation, relationships between neutron dose and induced activity were derived for both blood and hair.
RETROSPECTIVE DOSE RECONSTRUCTION WITH MOBILE PHONES AND CHIP CARDS
Authors: Ekendahl Daniela , Čemusová Zina , Judas Libor 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Mobile phones and common chip cards are very widespread items that almost everyone owns. They contain some radiation-sensitive materials that can be used for dosimetry based on stimulated luminescence. We investigated and compared reproducibility, dose response and fading of luminescence signal for the particular materials. Subsequently, we performed an experiment of a dose reconstruction using mobile phones and chip cards, which were fixed to a slab phantom and irradiated by a 137Cs radiation source in our laboratory. Doses obtained were compared with reference values. The materials investigated can be used for dosimetry in cases of serious radiation accidents or malevolent acts with radioactive materials, when it is extremely important to identify as quickly as possible individuals who received high-radiation doses.
Carbon Nanomaterials Stimulate HMGB1 Release From Macrophages and Induce Cell Migration and Invasion
Authors: Cui Xuejing , Wan Bin , Yang Yu , Xin Yan , Xie Yi-Chun , Guo Liang-Hong , Mantell Lin L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are widely used in industrial and medical sectors. The increasing exposure of CNMs necessitates the studies of their potential environmental and health effects. High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear DNA-binding protein, but when released from cells, may cause sustained inflammatory response and promote cell migration and invasion. In this work, we found that 7-day exposure of 2.5 mg/kg/day CNMs, including C60, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxides significantly elevated the level of HMGB1 in blood and lung lavage fluids in C57BL/6 mice. Subsequently, cellular effects and underlying mechanism were explored by using Raw264.7. The results showed that noncytotoxic CNMs enhanced HMGB1 intracellular translocation and release via activating P2X7 receptor. Released HMGB1 further activated receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and downstream signaling pathway by upregulating RAGE and Rac1 expression. Simultaneously, CNMs prepared the cells for migration and invasion by modulating MMP2 and TIMP2 gene expression as well as cytoskeleton reorganization. Intriguingly, released HMGB1 from macrophages promoted the migration of nearby lung cancer cell, which can be efficiently inhibited by neutralizing antibodies against HMGB1 and RAGE. Taken together, our work demonstrated that CNMs stimulated HMGB1 release and cell migration/invasion through P2X7R-HMGB1-RAGE pathway. The revealed mechanisms might facilitate a better understanding on the inflammatory property and subsequent cell functional alteration of CNMs.
Recovery and discharge criteria after ambulatory anesthesia: can we improve them?
Authors: Jakobsson Jan G. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Day surgery coming and leaving hospital day of surgery is growing. From minor and intermediate procedure performed on health patient, day surgery is today performed on complex procedures and elderly patient and on patients with comorbidities. Thus, appropriate discharge assessment is of huge importance to secure safety and quality of care.

Recent findings
Discharge has since decades been assessed on a combination of stable vital signs, control of pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting and securing that patients can stand walk unaided. There is controversy around whether patients must drink and void before discharge. The absolute need for escort when leaving hospital and someone at home first night after surgery is argued but it does support safety. Discharge is not being ‘street fit,’ it merely allows patients to go back home for further recovery in the home environment. A structured discharge timeout checklist securing that patients are informed of further plans, signs, and symptoms to watch out for and what to do in case recovery don’t follow plans facilitate safety.

Summary
Discharge following day surgery must be based on appropriate assessment of stable vital signs and reasonable resumption of activity of daily living performance. Rapid discharge must not jeopardize safety. Classic discharge criteria are still basis for safe discharge, adding a structured discharge checklist facilitates safe discharge.
0.5- to 1-Fold Intervertebral Distraction Is a Protective Factor for Adjacent Segment Degeneration in Single-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Xiong Wuyi , Zhou Jiaming , Sun Chao , Chen Zhao , Guo Xing , Huo Xiaoyang , Liu Shiwei , Li Jingchao , Xue Yuan 
Published: August 2019

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis.

Objective.
This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of different degrees of distraction in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and evaluate the risk factors for adjacent segment degeneration (ASD).

Summary of Background Data.
ASD is a common complication following ACDF. Inadequate distraction of the intervertebral space during surgery is associated with ASD; however, there is still an ongoing debate regarding what degree of distraction is appropriate.

Methods.
This retrospective study enrolled 130 patients who underwent single-level ACDF for cervical degenerative disc disease and were followed up at least 2 years. The patients were divided into the following three groups according to the degree of distraction (≤0.5, 0.5–1, ≥1): insufficient distraction group (ID group), appropriate distraction group (AD group), and excessive distraction group (ED group). The clinical outcomes and radiological parameters were evaluated before and after operation and at the last follow-up. Risk factors for ASD were identified through logistic regression analysis.

Results.
A significant difference was found in the Visual Analog Scale values between the AD group and ED group at the final follow-up. Moreover, the highest upper segmental disc height (DH), highest lower segmental DH, and lowest incidence of ASD were found in the AD group among the three groups at last follow up. Logistic regression analysis revealed that segmental kyphosis (odds ratio = 2.821, P = 0.020) was a risk factor for the occurrence of ASD and 0.5- to 1-fold distraction (odds ratio = 0.350, P = 0.025) was a protective factor.

Conclusion.
Good clinical and radiological outcomes were achieved in ACDF with 0.5- to 1-fold distraction. Segmental kyphosis is a risk factor for ASD in ACDF, whereas 0.5- to 1-fold distraction is a protective factor of ASD.

Level of Evidence: 4
The Ob/Gyn and the transgender patient
Authors: Jarin Jason 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Over the last few years, awareness and visibility of transgender individuals have exponentially grown. With this growth comes the need for medical providers who understand the unique needs of this population. The present review serves to help obstetrician–gynecologists recognize their important role in the care of these patients.

Recent findings
Although long-term data are still lacking in the medical care of individuals with gender dysphoria, standards of care for the medical treatment of transgender patients and long-term screening recommendations in the primary care setting were discussed.

Summary
Given their surgical expertise and experience with hormone management, obstetrician–gynecologists are in a unique position to provide quality healthcare in this population.
Skin Protein Profile after Major Weight Loss and Its Role in Body Contouring Surgery
Authors: Gallo José Renato B. , Maschio-Signorini Larissa B. , Cabral Celso R. B. , de Campos Zuccari Debora A. P. , Nogueira Maurício L. , Bozola Antônio R. , Cury Patricia M. , Vidotto Alessandra 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Chronic inflammation during morbid obesity significantly alters cutaneous tissue. Large weight loss achieved after bariatric surgery minimizes or halts damage caused by metabolic syndrome, but further deteriorates the clinical condition of skin. Postbariatric skin flaccidity produces major difficulties to plastic surgery. In this study, we analyzed differences in protein composition of the skin between patients with morbid obesity and those after large weight loss and established correlations between differentially expressed proteins and clinical characteristics of postbariatric skin tissue, to improve body contouring surgery techniques.

Methods:
Skin fragments were removed from the abdomen of 32 patients, who were allocated into 3 groups: morbidly obese, large weight loss without surgery, and postbariatric surgery. Samples were subjected to proteomic analysis, and the protein profiles of the groups were compared. Six differentially expressed proteins of clinical interest were validated by immunohistochemistry and statistical analysis.

Results:
Comparative analyses confirmed differences in protein profile of the skin between morbidly obese and large weight loss groups. A persistent increase in inflammatory markers such as haptoglobin was observed in all groups and decrease in the expression of collagen XIV, which regulates the physical properties of cutaneous tissue, was observed in the postbariatric group.

Conclusions:
High expression of haptoglobin associated with the decrease of Collagen XIV, vinculin, and periplakin in the groups after major weight losses, mainly postbariatric, confirm that the inflammatory lesion remains active in the skin and causes changes in its structural organization, with serious repercussions on its clinical characteristics and physical properties.
Postoperative Ketorolac Administration Is Not Associated with Hemorrhage in Cranial Vault Remodeling for Craniosynostosis
Authors: Tuncer Fatma , Knackstedt Rebecca , Murthy Ananth , Patel Niyant 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been used as part of multimodal postoperative analgesic regimens to reduce the necessity of opioids. However, due to its effect on platelet function, there is a hesitation to utilize ketorolac postoperatively. The goal of this study is to analyze our experience utilizing ketorolac in patients who underwent major cranial vault remodeling (CVR) for craniosynostosis with an emphasis on postoperative hemorrhage and complications.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed for all patients undergoing CVR for craniosynostosis from 2013 to 2017. Primary outcomes were hemorrhagic complications. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, emesis, and doses of pain medication.

Results:
Seventy-four consecutive patients met inclusion criteria. Forty-three (58.1%) received ketorolac. Seven in the ketorolac group (16%) and 9 in the control group (29%) received intraoperative blood transfusion (P = 0.25). One in the ketorolac group (2.3%) and 2 in the control group (3.1%) necessitated postoperative transfusion (P = 0.56). Patients who received ketorolac required less morphine doses (2.1 versus 3.3 doses; P = 0.02) and had a reduced length of stay (2.1 versus 2.6 nights; P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
This is the first study to demonstrate that postoperative ketorolac is not associated with an increase in hemorrhagic complications or transfusion risk in children who underwent CVR for craniosynostosis. Patients administered ketorolac required less morphine and had a hospital length of stay. We hope this study stimulates more well-done prospective trials analyzing the role that ketorolac can play in an effective and safe postoperative analgesia regimen.
A New Perspective on Dry Eye Classification: Proposal by the Asia Dry Eye Society
Authors: Tsubota Kazuo , Yokoi Norihiko , Watanabe Hitoshi , Dogru Murat , Kojima Takashi , Yamada Masakazu , Kinoshita Shigeru , Kim Hyo-Myung , Tchah Hung-Won , Hyon Joon Young , Yoon Kyung Chul , Seo Kyoung Yul , Sun Xuguang , Chen Wei , Liang Lingyi , Li Mingwu , Tong Louis , Hu Fung-Rong , Puangsricharern Vilavun , Lim-Bon-Siong Ruben , Yong Then Kong , Liu Zuguo , Shimazaki Jun ,   Members of The Asia Dry Eye Society
Published: August 2019

Abstract:
The 2017 consensus report of the Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) on the definition and diagnosis of dry eyes described dry eye disease as “Dry eye is a multifactorial disease characterized by unstable tear film causing a variety of symptoms and/or visual impairment, potentially accompanied by ocular surface damage.” The report emphasized the instability of tear film and the importance of visual dysfunction in association with dry eyes, highlighting the importance of the evaluation of tear film stability. This report also discussed the concept of tear film–oriented therapy, which stemmed from the definition, and which is centered on provision of insufficient components in each tear film layer and ocular surface epithelium. The current ADES report proposes a simple classification of dry eyes based on the concept of tear film–oriented diagnosis and suggests that there are three types of dry eye: aqueous-deficient, decreased wettability, and increased evaporation. It is suggested that these three types respectively coincide with the problems of each layer: aqueous, membrane-associated mucins, and lipid/secretory mucin. Although each component cannot be quantitatively evaluated with the current technology, a practical diagnosis based on the patterns of fluorescein breakup is recommended. The Asia Dry Eye Society classification report suggests that for a practical use of the definition, diagnostic criteria and classification system should be integrated and be simple to use. The classification system proposed by ADES is a straightforward tool and simple to use, only through use of fluorescein, which is available even to non-dry eye specialists, and which is believed to contribute to an effective diagnosis and treatment of dry eyes.
Tear Organic Acid Analysis After Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus
Authors: Sağlik Ayhan , Koyuncu İsmail , Soydan Adem , Sağlik Ferdağ , Gönel Ataman 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:This study examined changes in the levels of organic acids, which are important tear metabolites, after corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) treatment for keratoconus.Methods:This prospective, nonrandomized, interventional case series included a single eye from 24 patients who were scheduled to receive CXL treatment (Dresden protocol) for progressive keratoconus. Before CXL treatment and at 6 months after treatment, tears were collected in capillary tubes. The patients were separated into four groups as males, females, and ages 18 years younger and >18 older. The organic acid profiles of the tear samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry.Results:An evaluation was made of 12 females and 12 males with a mean age of 19.20±4.06 years (range: 12‒27 years). The greatest percentage increase in organic acids after CXL treatment was observed for N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (66% increase). The organic acid showing the greatest decrease was 3-OH butyric acid (61% decrease). A decrease of 46% was found (P=0.263) in the lactic acid/malic acid ratio.Conclusion:Metabolomic studies of tears could facilitate a new and objective process in the follow-up period or in the determination of prognosis after CXL treatment for diseases such as keratoconus, which has a multifactorial etiology.
Cigarette Smoking and Mortality in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ben Qi-Wen , Liu Jun , Sun Yun-Wei , Wang Li-Fu , Zou Duo-Wu , Yuan Yao-Zong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Current evidence on cigarette smoking associated with pancreatic cancer mortality is limited. We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify relevant studies published through January 31, 2018. A random-effects model was used to estimate summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 20 studies were retrieved, involving 2,517,623 participants. Of these, more than 15,341 patients with pancreatic cancer died. Compared with never smokers, current (summary HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.34–1.83) and former (summary HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06–1.26) smokers had elevated risk of total mortality in patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. This effect of cigarette smoking is observed both in the Western regions and the Asia-Pacific regions. This effect of smoking is independent of alcohol use, body mass index, and history of diabetes but is modified by tumor stage and study settings. Dose-response associations between smoking and pancreatic cancer mortality were revealed for smoking intensity, cumulative amount of cigarettes smoked, and duration of smoking. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increase in total mortality for patients with pancreatic cancer. Future studies should further clarify the role of smoking as an effect modifier in treatment trials of pancreatic cancer.
Transcutaneous Pacing of a 4-Year-Old Child
Authors: Jones David , Ran Ran 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Complete heart block is rare in children and is usually owing to congenital abnormalities. These children are often pacemaker dependent. However, pacemaker complications can require emergency interventions, including external pacing. This case presents a child in complete heart block requiring external pacing and then discusses some of the literature behind such interventions.
Pulmonary Vasodilation by Intravenous Infusion of Organic Mononitrites Of 1,2-Propanediol in Acute Pulmonary Hypertension Induced by Aortic Cross Clamping and Reperfusion: A Comparison With Nitroglycerin in Anesthetized Pigs
Authors: Nilsson Kristofer F. , Gozdzik Waldemar , Zielinski Stanislaw , Ratajczak Kornel , Göranson Sofie P. , Rodziewicz Sylwia , Harbut Piotr , Barteczko-Grajek Barbara , Albert Johanna , Frostell Claes 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Suprarenal aortic cross clamping (SRACC) and reperfusion may cause acute pulmonary hypertension and multiple organ failure.

Hypothesis:
The organic mononitrites of 1,2-propanediol (PDNO), an nitric oxide donor with a very short half-life, are a more efficient pulmonary vasodilator and attenuator of end-organ damage and inflammation without significant side effects compared with nitroglycerin and inorganic nitrite in a porcine SRACC model.

Methods:
Anesthetized and instrumented domestic pigs were randomized to either of four IV infusions until the end of the experiment (n = 10 per group): saline (control), PDNO (45 nmol kg−1 min−1), nitroglycerin (44 nmol kg−1 min−1), or inorganic nitrite (a dose corresponding to PDNO). Thereafter, all animals were subjected to 90 min of SRACC and 10 h of reperfusion and protocolized resuscitation. Hemodynamic and respiratory variables as well as blood samples were collected and analysed.

Results:
During reperfusion, mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were significantly lower, and stroke volume was significantly higher in the PDNO group compared with the control, nitroglycerin, and inorganic nitrite groups. In parallel, mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygenation, and fraction of methaemoglobin were similar in all groups. The serum concentration of creatinine and tumor necrosis factor alpha were lower in the PDNO group compared with the control group during reperfusion.

Conclusions:
PDNO was an effective pulmonary vasodilator and appeared superior to nitroglycerin and inorganic nitrite, without causing significant systemic hypotension, impaired arterial oxygenation, or methaemoglobin formation in an animal model of SRACC and reperfusion. Also, PDNO may have kidney-protective effects and anti-inflammatory properties.
Evaluating Disability-Related Quality of Life in Women With Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: Ye Alice L. , Adams William , Westbay Lauren C. , Fitzgerald Colleen M. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives
The primary aim of this study was to describe quality of life (QOL) in women with chronic pelvic pain using the Pain Disability Index (PDI). A secondary goal was to assess the measurement properties and validity of the PDI for this population.

Methods
This study was a cross-sectional retrospective chart review. In the setting of an outpatient female pelvic pain clinic, we included data from an initial evaluation of patients 16 years and older with chronic pelvic pain (N = 317) from 2012 to 2017. Quality of life was measured using the PDI and previously validated measures for depression and anxiety.

Results
The mean PDI score across all patients was similar to previously reported means for similar chronic pain populations. Patients experienced the most disability in their sexual activities. The most common cause of chronic pelvic pain was pelvic floor myofascial pain. Common diagnostic categories covered gynecologic, urologic, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neurological causes. The PDI was unable to discriminate between diagnoses. On average, patients qualified for mild depression and anxiety diagnoses. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis revealed the original factor structure for the PDI fits this population.

Conclusions
The PDI shows promise as a questionnaire for QOL and could be a valuable clinician tool for tracking QOL in the chronic pelvic pain population. Additional research should be focused on assessing its ability to measure minimum clinically significant change over time.