bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konzeptionelle Grundlagen und Tools zur Bewertung der Multi‐Hazard‐Verletzbarkeit von Bestandsbauten
Authors: Schwarz Jochen , Maiwald Holger , Kaufmann Christian , Langhammer Tobias , Beinersdorf Silke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe European Macroseismic Scale 1998 – (EMS 98) is an instrument for the natural hazard of earthquakes, which allows the explanation of observed differences in the behaviour of the prevailing construction types by introducing and implementing vulnerability classes. The EMS 98 enables also the identification of purely empirically justified ranges of scatter.The basic methodology is also applicable to other natural hazards such as flood, tsunami and wind. This permits the development of a unified methodology for the consideration of building vulnerability in the sense of a multi‐hazard approach.For the first time, a vulnerability‐oriented instrument is available to evaluate a building stock for different natural hazards according to criteria that have been standardised in terms of engineering.The multi‐hazard vulnerability with its possible scatters is examined and visualized on real building inventories.With the concept of ”LEGOisation“ the existing buildings, a novel approach is presented to allow the sub‐structuring of buildings into storeys (including roof, basement and floors) to further development of the classification towards specific damage characteristics and local vulnerability.A still to be developed ”Conceptual Simulation Tool“ is described as an outlook. This uses the tools and methods developed to simulate damage and losses as a result of various natural hazards and their sequences.
Immortalization of a cell line with neural stem cell characteristics derived from mouse embryo brain
Authors: Almengló Cristina , González‐Mosquera Tamara , Caamaño Pilar , Seoane Marcos , Fraga Máximo , Devesa Jesús , Costoya José A. , Arce Víctor M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeural stem cells (NSC) have been extensively used as a tool to investigate the mechanisms responsible for neural repair, and they have been also considered as the source for a series of promising replacement therapies in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, their use is limited by their relative rarity and anatomical localization, and also because, the methods for isolation and characterization are usually time consuming and have some technical limitations.ResultsIn this study, we describe a resource and method for obtaining immortalized cells with NSC characteristics obtained from mouse brain embryo.ConclusionsBecause these cells can be maintained indefinitely in culture, they may constitute a permanent source of NSC that can be used for research studies on neural development and regeneration.
The influence of ecological and life history factors on ectothermic temperature–size responses: Analysis of three Lycaenidae butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Wilson Rebecca J. , Brooks Stephen J. , Fenberg Phillip B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBody size has been shown to decrease with increasing temperature in many species, prompting the suggestion that it is a universal ecological response. However, species with complex life cycles, such as holometabolous insects, may have correspondingly complicated temperature–size responses. Recent research suggests that life history and ecological traits may be important for determining the direction and strength of temperature–size responses. Yet, these factors are rarely included in analyses. Here, we aim to determine whether the size of the bivoltine butterfly, Polyommatus bellargus, and the univoltine butterflies, Plebejus argus and Polyommatus coridon, change in response to temperature and whether these responses differ between the sexes, and for P. bellargus, between generations. Forewing length was measured using digital specimens from the Natural History Museum, London (NHM), from one locality in the UK per species. The data were initially compared to annual and seasonal temperature values, without consideration of life history factors. Sex and generation of the individuals and mean monthly temperatures, which cover the growing period for each species, were then included in analyses. When compared to annual or seasonal temperatures only, size was not related to temperature for P. bellargus and P. argus, but there was a negative relationship between size and temperature for P. coridon. When sex, generation, and monthly temperatures were included, male adult size decreased as temperature increased in the early larval stages, and increased as temperature increased during the late larval stages. Results were similar but less consistent for females, while second generation P. bellargus showed no temperature–size response. In P. coridon, size decreased as temperature increased during the pupal stage. These results highlight the importance of including life history factors, sex, and monthly temperature data when studying temperature–size responses for species with complex life cycles.
Cardiac implantable electronic devices with a defibrillator component and all‐cause mortality in left ventricular assist device carriers: results from the PCHF‐VAD registry
Authors: Cikes Maja , Jakus Nina , Claggett Brian , Brugts Jasper J. , Timmermans Philippe , Pouleur Anne‐Catherine , Rubis Pawel , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M. , Gaizauskas Edvinas , Grundmann Sebastian , Paolillo Stefania , Barge‐Caballero Eduardo , D'Amario Domenico , Gkouziouta Aggeliki , Planinc Ivo , Veenis Jesse F. , Jacquet Luc‐Marie , Houard Laura , Holcman Katarzyna , Gigase Arno , Rega Filip , Rucinskas Kestutis , Adamopoulos Stamatios , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Biocina Bojan , Gasparovic Hrvoje , Lund Lars H. , Flammer Andreas J. , Metra Marco , Milicic Davor , Ruschitzka Frank ,   on behalf of the PCHF‐VAD registry
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsTo compare characteristics of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients receiving a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) with a defibrillator component (implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillation, CIED‐D) vs. those without one, and to assess whether carrying such a device contiguously with an LVAD is associated with outcomes.Methods and resultsOverall, 448 patients were analysed (mean age 52 ± 13 years, 82% male) in the multicentre European PCHF‐VAD registry. To account for all active CIED‐Ds during ongoing LVAD treatment, outcome analyses were performed by a time‐varying analysis with active CIED‐D status post‐LVAD as the time‐varying covariate. At the time of LVAD implantation, 235 patients (52%) had an active CIED‐D. Median time on LVAD support was 1.1 years (interquartile range 0.5–2.0 years). A reduction of 36% in the risk of all‐cause mortality was observed in patients with an active CIED‐D [hazard ratio (HR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.91; P = 0.012), increasing to 41% afteradjustment for baseline covariates (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.40–0.87; P = 0.008) and 39% after propensity score adjustment (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39–0.94; P = 0.027). Other than CIED‐D, age, LVAD implant as redo surgery, number of ventricular arrhythmia episodes and use of vasopressors pre‐LVAD were remaining significant risk factors of all‐cause mortality. Incident ventricular arrhythmias post‐LVAD portended a 2.4‐fold and 2.6‐fold increased risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular death, respectively; carrying an active CIED‐D remained associated with a 47% and 43% reduction in these events, respectively.ConclusionsIn an analysis accounting for all active CIED‐Ds, including those implanted during LVAD support, carrying such a device was associated with significantly better survival during LVAD support.
PEDOT/Superoxide Dismutase Electrode Surface Modification for Superoxide Bioelectrochemical Sensing
Authors: Moya Patricia M. Olmos , Granados Silvia Gutiérrez , Bedioui Fethi , Griveau Sophie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn amperometric biosensor for the sensitive detection of superoxide was designed utilizing a drop‐coating approach for immobilizing the superoxide dismutase enzyme on Pt electrode modified with a thin layer of poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The
layer electrodeposited on Pt was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Then, drop‐coating procedure was chosen for the immobilization of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which was incorporated at the electrode surface using a solution containing SOD, glutaraldehyde and bovine serum albumin (optimized composition: SOD 0.1 % – BSA 2 % – GA 2.5 %.) This simple procedure allows forming a reproducible enzymatic biocomposite layer that allows optimal sensitivity and limit of detection for superoxide sensing. The synergistic effect integrates an effective conductivity and permselectivity attributed to the PEDOT layer, as well as the specificity and selectivity of SOD for the detection of superoxide. A high sensitivity (0.82±0.01 μA/μM) and a low detection limit of 11 nM were obtained, as well as good selectivity against main interfering biological compounds such as uric acid and ascorbic acid. Our results suggest that the biosensor could be used for the detection and quantification of
in vitro and in vivo.
An ecological application of sustainability and sustainizability over sets
Authors: Jorat Masih , Zhu Li , Manousiouthakis Vasilios I. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe sustainability over sets and sustainizability over sets concepts have been recently introduced as sustainable system analysis and synthesis tools, respectively, with broad flexibility in incorporating human input. In this work, these two concepts are applied to an ecological food web system, describing the flow of biomass among different organisms of an ecosystem with 10 compartments aggregated in five trophic levels. The obtained results first show that this ecosystem is not sustainable over any set, imposing upper and lower numerical bounds on the population of each species, and accounting for sinusoidal variations in plant growth. It is subsequently established that the system can be sustainized over such sets through appropriate external actions.Statement of industrial relevanceBy presenting a mathematical viewpoint for ecological sustainability of food web structures, the presented article can be informative to researchers working on environmental sustainability, and in particular on assessing and ensuring the sustainability of processes involving microbial populations and remediation/treatment of solid or aqueous waste processes.
Enhancing biomass hydrolysis for biofuel production through hydrodynamic modeling and reactor design
Authors: Gaona Adriana , Lawryshyn Yuri , Saville Bradley 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA computational fluid dynamics model was developed to represent high‐solids enzymatic hydrolysis. This model accounted for the transient and multiphase (solids‐slurry) nature of the high‐solids enzymatic hydrolysis process. The model investigated the effect of slurry viscosity, rotational speed, and two impeller configurations on the distribution of insoluble solids. Initial CFD results identified segregation of the velocity contours for the non‐Newtonian slurry, which could potentially affect the reactor performance. The multiphase, transient CFD simulations showed that the first impeller configuration delayed the distribution of solids, and compartmentalized mixing in the reactor. The second impeller configuration, meanwhile, improved solids mixing and hydrolysis, while using lower rotational speeds (and thus, energy). The second impeller configuration also expanded the size of the pseudo‐cavern between impellers, which is critical for better dispersion of the solids. The CFD trends of the second impeller configuration were experimentally verified by conducting fed‐batch, high‐solids enzymatic hydrolysis trials with pretreated lignocellulose. The experimental results showed that the second impeller configuration provided better mixing of the non‐Newtonian slurry and enhanced solids‐enzyme interactions, leading to improved glucan‐to‐glucose conversion. This work illustrates that a transient multiphase CFD model can provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of high‐solids enzymatic hydrolysis reactors. The CFD model has identified pathways to improve the distribution of solids while reducing the energy needed for mixing. The CFD model can also guide experimental and design work to scale up these reactors from the laboratory to pilot and commercial scale.
Effects of ionic liquid concentration on coal low‐temperature oxidation
Authors: Cui Chuanbo , Jiang Shuguang , Wang Kai , Zheng Siwen , Li Ming , Zhang Weiqing , Tang Hailin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn order to find out the optimal concentration of ionic liquid to lower the cost of inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion, effects of aliphatic hydrocarbons, hydrogen bonds, and some structural parameters of coal samples treated with low‐concentration ionic liquids were analyzed through Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and temperature‐programmed experiments. Meanwhile, the changes of index gases in the heating process were observed by the temperature‐programmed method. The results show that the contents of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the treated coal samples decrease remarkably, so does the length of aliphatic chain CH2/CH3; besides, the amount of CO produced also decreases to some extent. When the mass concentration ratio is 1:10, HB‐tc, BB‐tc, AC‐tc, and BN‐tc can reduce the spatial structure and enhance the structural stability of aromatic clusters in coal. The CO concentrations of 1:2 HB‐tc and 1:10 AC‐tc are obviously lower than that of raw coal, indicating their better inhibitory effects. The inhibitory effect of HB‐tc decreases with the decrease in concentration. With the rise of temperature, the effect of concentration on the inhibition of CO production gradually weakens at 180°C and 200°C. AC‐tc achieves the optimum inhibitory effect near 1:10 mass concentration ratio.
Disentangling human impact from natural controls of sediment dynamics in an Alpine catchment
Authors: Stutenbecker Laura , Costa Anna , Bakker Maarten , Anghileri Daniela , Molnar Peter , Lane Stuart N. , Schlunegger Fritz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman activities have increasingly strong impacts on the sediment dynamics of watersheds, directly, for example through water abstraction and sediment extraction, but also indirectly through climate change. This study aims at disentangling these impacts on natural sediment fluxes for the Borgne River, located in the Alps of southwest Switzerland, using two approaches: First, an assessment of contemporary sediment sources and their relative contribution to the sediment delivered to the catchment outlet is undertaken by geochemical fingerprinting and a mixing model. Second, a spatially distributed conceptual model of suspended sediment production and transfer is used to quantify the contribution of different portions of the catchment to the total sediment yield. The model describes the influence of hydroclimatic variables (rainfall, snowmelt, and ice melt), water diversions and reservoir trapping on the sediment yield accounting for the erodibility of the different land covers present in the catchment. The analysis of different scenarios based on this conceptual model aids the interpretation of the fingerprinting results and the identification of the most important factors controlling sediment fluxes. Although the conceptual model overestimates the contribution of the downstream source area and underestimates the contribution of the upstream source area, the results allow us to qualitatively assess the impacts of different drivers influencing the sediment yield at the catchment scale. The results suggest: (1) high sediment yield from the uppermost part of the catchment due to sediment delivery by glacial ice melt; (2) delayed sediment transfer from areas impacted by water abstraction; and (3) reduced sediment contribution from areas upstream of a major hydropower reservoir that intercepts and traps sediment. Although process (1) and processes (2) and (3) serve to counter one another, our study emphasizes that the relative impacts of Anthropocene climate change and human impacts on sediment delivery may be disentangled through multi‐proxy approaches. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heats of combustion representative of the carbohydrate mass contained in fruits, vegetables, or cereals
Authors: Martínez‐Navarro Ana‐Guadalupe , Orozco‐Guareño Eulogio , Sánchez‐Peña María‐Judith , López‐Naranjo Edgar‐José , Muñiz‐Mendoza Priscilla , González‐Ortiz Luis‐Javier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe obtainment of suitable values for metabolizable energy requires the previous knowledge of accurate and precise values of the heat of combustion of the different macronutrients. Thus, in this work, the heats of combustion of six carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, starch, and cellulose) were experimentally measured, and such values were statistically compared with equivalent bibliographic values collected in a parallel work (Heats of combustion of the main carbohydrates in vegetable foods: a bibliographic approach, 2019), proposing, for each carbohydrate, an “overall interval” and an actualized representative value, which were estimated considering jointly the bibliographic and experimental information. Besides, a numerical methodology that used such parameters and the relative content of the different carbohydrates in selected foods was proposed, to estimate the global heat of combustion producible by the carbohydrate mass contained in such foods. The results estimated for 68 foods were globalized to propose the following generalized heats of combustion: (a) for fruits: 3.88 kcal/g, (b) for vegetables: 3.98 kcal/g and, and (c) for cereals: 4.13 kcal/g. These results demonstrated that the use of the Atwater's value (4.2 kcal/g of carbohydrate of vegetable source) involves a clear overestimation of the heat of combustion of the carbohydrate mass contained in vegetable source foods.
A probabilistic assessment of geomechanical reservoir integrity during CO2sequestration in flood basalt formations
Authors: Jayne Richard S. , Wu Hao , Pollyea Ryan M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent field experiments in Iceland and Washington State (USA) show that basalt formations may be favorable targets for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) because CO2mineralization reactions proceed rapidly. These results imply that there is tremendous opportunity for implementing CCS in large igneous provinces. However, the magnitude of this opportunity comprises commensurate levels of uncertainty because basalt reservoirs are characterized by highly heterogeneous, fracture‐controlled hydraulic properties. This geologic uncertainty is propagated as parametric uncertainty in quantitative risk models, thus limiting the efficacy of models to predict CCS performance attributes, such as reservoir integrity and storage potential. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a stochastic approach for quantifying the geomechanical performance attributes of CCS operations in a highly heterogeneous basalt reservoir. We utilize geostatistical reservoir characterization to develop an ensemble of equally probable permeability distributions in a flood basalt reservoir with characteristics of the Wallula Basalt Pilot Project. We then simulate industrial‐scale CO2injections within the ensemble and calculate the mean and variance of fluid pressure over a 1‐year injection period. These calculations are combined with the state of stress in southeast Washington State to constrain the spatial extent at which shear failure, fracture initiation, and borehole breakdown may occur. Results from this study show that (i) permeability uncertainty alone causes injection pressure to vary over 25 MPa, (ii) shear failure is likely to occur at 7 times greater distances from the injection than the CO2migrates, and (iii) joint initiation pressures are localized within the volume comprising the CO2plume. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptualizing Scholarship on Adolescent Out‐of‐School Writing Toward More Equitable Teaching and Learning: A Literature Review
Authors: Vaughan Andrea 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough school is only one of many places where youths write, the writing privileged in school is often upheld as standard, whereas adolescents’ out‐of‐school writing often uses forms, styles, and topics not taught or allowed in school. Little is known about how K–12 educators can use research on out‐of‐school writing to inform in‐school writing curricula. The author examined research on adolescent out‐of‐school writing to synthesize the literacy field's knowledge of this phenomenon. The empirical literature from the last decade documents out‐of‐school writing that provides opportunities to focus on writing as a craft, includes digital texts and participatory cultures, emphasizes meaningful purposes and audiences, and highlights the work done by marginalized writers. The discussion considers implications for the conception of literacy writ large and offers principles drawn from existing scholarship as implications for K–12 writing educators.
From octreotide to shorter analogues: Synthesis, radiolabeling, stability
Authors: Yakusheva Anzhelika , Titchenko Nikolay , Egorova Bayirta , Matazova Ekaterina , Podkhalyuzina Natalya , Osipov Vasily , Khachatryan Derenik , Avdeev Dmitry , Posypanova Galina , Kalmykov Stepan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aims at analyzing complexation properties of two new short somatostatin analogues, their synthesis, radiolabeling with 44Sc, 207Bi, and 152Eu and stability in vitro. Short tetrapeptide Phe‐d‐Trp‐Lys‐Thr and pentapeptide Thz‐Phe‐d‐Trp‐Lys‐Thr were first conjugated with the DOTA macrocyclic chelator. These conjugates were radiolabeled with 44Sc, 207Bi, and 152Eu and characterized by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and HPLC. The radiochemical purity was measured using digital autoradiography and gamma spectrometry. Optimum conditions of DOTA‐conjugate labeling were found: 0.1mM, pH 8.0 to 8.4 at 90°C for DOTA‐tetrapeptide complexes with 207Bi and 152Eu; 0.05mM, pH 4.0 to 5.0 at 90°C for 44Sc‐DOTA‐tetrapeptide; 0.2mM, pH 4.0 to 5.0 at 90°C for 44Sc‐DOTA‐pentapeptide. Complexes of DOTA‐pentapeptide with 207Bi and 152Eu of radiochemical purity more than 95% were probably unstable at temperature higher than 37°C and were obtained at 37°C, pH 8.0 to 8.4 within 4 days. Mass spectra of the Eu‐DOTA‐pentapeptide revealed the presence of small fragments of the pentapeptide conjugate in the complex solution. in vitro stability studies were performed in saline in the presence of serum proteins and biologically relevant metal cations. All complexes demonstrated no cation release in vitro within 1 to 4 hours.
Impact of sea ice decline in the Arctic Ocean on the number of extreme low‐temperature days over China
Authors: Ge Feifan , Yan Tao , Zhou Lu , Jiang Yuelin , Li Wei , Fan Yufen , Wang Yishu , Mao Kebiao , Wu Wenge 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe variation in the number of extreme low‐temperature days (NELD) during winter over China is examined. The NELD mainly has a significant decreasing trend across China. The leading NELD empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode also shows consistent change characteristics over China, and a Mann–Kendall (MK) test of its time coefficients indicates that the NELD abruptly changed in approximately 1980. The impact of sea ice concentrations in the Arctic Ocean on the NELD is investigated. Sea ice concentration declines in the Barents Sea and the sea east of Greenland have significant negative effects on the NELD. Sea surface temperatures in these regions are negatively correlated with the NELD. The study analyses the influence mechanism by researching the composite atmosphere variable anomalies between years with below‐normal NELD and those with above‐normal NELD.