bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the toxic effects of different mycotoxins on porcine and mouse oocyte meiosis
Authors: Lu Yujie , Zhang Yue , Liu Jia-Qian , Zou Peng , Jia Lu , Su Yong-Teng , Sun Yu-Rong , Sun Shao-Chen 
Published: June 2018

Background
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2, ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA) are the most common mycotoxins that are found in corn-based animal feed which have multiple toxic effects on animals and humans. Previous studies reported that these mycotoxins impaired mammalian oocyte quality. However, the effective concentrations of mycotoxins to animal oocytes were different.

Methods
In this study we aimed to compare the sensitivity of mouse and porcine oocytes to AFB1, DON, HT-2, OTA, and ZEA for mycotoxin research. We adopted the polar body extrusion rate of mouse and porcine oocyte as the standard for the effects of mycotoxins on oocyte maturation.

Results and Discussion
Our results showed that 10 μM AFB1 and 1 μM DON significantly affected porcine oocyte maturation compared with 50 μM AFB1 and 2 μM DON on mouse oocytes. However, 10 nM HT-2 significantly affected mouse oocyte maturation compared with 50 nM HT-2 on porcine oocytes. Moreover, 5 μM OTA and 10 μM ZEA significantly affected porcine oocyte maturation compared with 300 μM OTA and 50 μM ZEA on mouse oocytes. In summary, our results showed that porcine oocytes were more sensitive to AFB1, DON, OTA, and ZEA than mouse oocytes except HT-2 toxin.
Carangiform‐Like Magnetic Milliswimmer With Negative Buoyancy for Agile 3D Navigation in Confined Fluid Environments
Authors: Tian Chenyao , Mao Liyang , Yang Peng , Zhang Hao , Meng Xianghe , Xie Hui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMiniature soft robots designed with magnetoelastic materials have the potential for noninvasive navigation in narrow spaces and innovative clinical therapies. However, the complex environment inside the body imposes stringent requirements on the motility and environmental adaptability of robots. Inspired by carangiform fish morphology and kinematics, a 3D free‐swimming magnetic milliswimmer with enhanced controllability, maneuverability, and environmental adaptability is developed. This milliswimmer is negatively buoyant like most fishes and employs magnetic torque to actuate its body. It mimics fish muscle contractions and generates a carangiform‐like body curvature distribution that results in comparable swimming behavior and performance. Compared with previous designs, it achieves over six times the equivalent motion performance and enables gravity‐resisting free‐swimming, with fish‐like maneuverability (a minimum turning radius of just 0.05 body length and a maximum turning rate of up to 4737 deg s−1). Its ability to transport and release cargo precisely while navigating three‐dimensionally in an ex vivo porcine urinary system is demonstrated. The designed bionic magnetic soft robot is expected to advance biomedical applications of magnetoelastic materials, particularly in urinary and other clinical treatments.
Scalable, Fast Light‐Responsive, and Excellent Color‐Retention Fiber‐Based Photochromic Wearables for Sustainable Photo‐Patterning and Information Security Encryption
Authors: Zhang Junze , Chen Tiandi , Zhu Meng , Lu Jian , Liu Xinlong , Sun Weiwei , So Mei Yi , Xu Bingang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFiber‐based photochromic wearables have attracted growing attention in sustainable photo‐patterning information displays, information security encryption, and optical data recording/storage. Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is one of the key photochromic materials that possesses good photochromic performance, nevertheless, it faces considerable challenges in preparing photochromic textiles with stable, scalable, and long color‐retention properties. In this work, a new kind of fiber‐based photochromic wearables is designed and developed by combining cotton fabric with a MoO3‐based self‐adhesive polymer network and long chain silyl group. The prepared photochromic wearable has exhibited excellent fatigue resistance and favorable reversibility (> 40 cycles), rapid light response (reach color saturation with a UV dose of 60 kJ m−2), outstanding color retention capability (> 90 days), and desirable biocompatibility (cell viability > 100%). In addition, the prepared photochromic textiles could maintain a fast light response and excellent color retention even after experiencing repeated washing (20 cycles). Moreover, the photo‐patterning photochromic wearables are verified by resisting the deterioration of acid solution, alkali solution, and sweat (pH 2.0–9.0) as well as keeping clear patterns under sunlight irradiation. As a demonstration of the application, fiber‐based photochromic wearables are made and employed for the sustainable applications of rewritable photo‐patterning and information security encryption.
Engineering Metal‐Support Interaction for Manipulate Microenvironment: Single‐Atom Platinum Decorated on Nickel‐Chromium Oxides Toward High‐Performance Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Meng Fan , Zhu Longhao , Li Ruopeng , Jiang Jie , Li Yaqiang , Wu Youzheng , Fan Yuhao , Ren Penghui , Xu Hao , Wang Dan , Zhang Jinqiu , An Maozhong , Yang Peixia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRational construction of platinum (Pt)‐based single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with high utilization of active sites holds promise to achieve superior electrocatalytic alkaline HER performance, which requires the assistance of functional supports. In this work, a novel catalytic configuration is reported, namely, Pt SACs anchored on the nickel‐chromium oxides labeled as Pt SACs‐NiCrO3/NF. The mechanism associated with the metal‐support interaction (MSI) for synergy co‐catalysis that empowers efficient HER on Pt SACs‐NiCrO3/NF is clarified. Specifically, the modulated electron structure in Pt SACs‐NiCrO3 manipulates the interface microenvironment, mediating a more free water state, which is beneficial to accelerate front water dissociation behavior on the oxide support. Besides, the homogeneously distributed Pt sites with the created near‐acidic state ensure the subsequent fast proton‐involved reaction. All these determine the comprehensively accelerating HER kinetics. Consequently, Pt SACs‐NiCrO3/NF deliverers considerable HER performance, with overpotentials (η10/η100) of 23/122 mV, high mass activity of 382.77 mA mg−1Pt. When serving in an alkaline water‐based anion exchange membrane electrolytic cell (AEMWE), Pt SACs‐NiCrO3/NF also presents excellent performance (100 mA cm−2 at the cell voltage of 1.51 V and stable up to 100 h), confirming its good prospect.
Sensitive Self‐Driven Single‐Component Organic Photodetector Based on Vapor‐Deposited Small Molecules
Authors: Wolansky Jakob , Hoffmann Cedric , Panhans Michel , Winkler Louis Conrad , Talnack Felix , Hutsch Sebastian , Zhang Huotian , Kirch Anton , Yallum Kaila M. , Friedrich Hannes , Kublitski Jonas , Gao Feng , Spoltore Donato , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Ortmann Frank , Banerji Natalie , Leo Karl , Benduhn Johannes 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTypically, organic solar cells (OSCs) and photodetectors (OPDs) comprise an electron donating and accepting material to facilitate efficient charge carrier generation. This approach has proven successful in achieving high‐performance devices but has several drawbacks for upscaling and stability. This study presents a fully vacuum‐deposited single‐component OPD, employing the neat oligothiophene derivative DCV2‐5T in the photoactive layer. Free charge carriers are generated with an internal quantum efficiency of 20 % at zero bias. By optimizing the device structure, a very low dark current of 3.4 · 10−11 A cm−2 at −0.1 V is achieved, comparable to the dark current of state‐of‐the‐art bulk heterojunction OPDs. This optimization results in specific detectivities of 1· 1013 Jones (based on noise measurements), accompanied by a fast photoresponse (f‐3dB = 200 kHz) and a broad linear dynamic range (> 150 dB). Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy unveils that charge carriers are already formed at very short time scales (< 1 ps). The surprisingly efficient bulk charge generation mechanism is attributed to a strong electronic coupling of the molecular exciton and charge transfer states. This work demonstrates the very high performance of single‐component OPDs and proves that this novel device design is a successful strategy for highly efficient, morphological stable and easily manufacturable devices.
Inhibiting Mitochondrial Damage for Efficient Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Through Sequential Targeting Nanomedicine of Neuronal Mitochondria in Affected Brain Tissue
Authors: Wang Shuya , Shi Xiaojing , Xiong Tingli , Chen Qiaohui , Yang Yongqi , Chen Wensheng , Zhang Kexin , Nan Yayun , Huang Qiong , Ai Kelong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOxidative stress, predominantly from neuronal mitochondrial damage and the resultant cytokine storm, is central to cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, delivering drugs to neuronal mitochondria remains challenging due to the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which impedes drug entry into affected brain tissues. This study introduces an innovative tannic acid (TA) and melanin‐modified heteropolyacid nanomedicine (MHT), which highly specifically eliminates the neuronal mitochondrial reactive oxygen radicals burst to efficiently reduce neuronal mitochondrial damage through a strategically designed sequential targeting strategy from affected brain tissue to neuronal mitochondria. TA endows MHT with sequential targeting ability by binding to matrix proteins exposed to the damaged BBB and mitochondrial outer membrane proteins of neurons, while melanin significantly enhances the antioxidant capacity of MHT. Consequently, MHT effectively inhibits neuronal apoptosis by protecting mitochondria and reversing the inflammatory immune environment through the deactivation of the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway. MHT demonstrated a strong therapeutic effect on CIRI, with an ultralow dose (2 mg kg−1) proving effective in reversing the condition. This work not only introduces a new avenue to significantly reduce CIRI through sequential targeting therapy but also offers a new paradigm for treating other ischemia‐reperfusion injury diseases.
Intratumoral Injectable Redox‐Responsive Immune Niche Improves the Abscopal Effect in Radiotherapy
Authors: Au Kin Man , Swinnea J. Steven , Wang Andrew Z. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy (XRT) is often utilized to improve the immune checkpoint blockade response in cancer management. Such combination treatment can enhance the abscopal effect, facilitating a prolonged and durable systemic response. However, despite intense research efforts, only a minority of patients respond to this approach, and novel strategies to increase the abscopal effect are urgently needed. Here, the development of an intratumoral (i.t.) injectable nanofiber (NF)‐based tumor immune niche (TIN) that converts XRT‐treated tumors into an in situ cancer vaccine, eliciting robust systemic antitumor immunity, is reported. This NF‐based immune niche incorporates redox‐degradable anti‐CTLA‐4 (α‐CTLA‐4) nanogels (NGs) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) NGs for controlled release in hypoxic irradiated tumors, reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into a pro‐inflammatory microenvironment, and expanding the tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cell population. Additionally, it is functionalized with polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) to promote antigen‐presenting cell maturation and prime neoantigen‐specific CD8+ T cells. In vitro studies demonstrate TIN's ability to prime antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells and increase antigen‐specific cell‐killing efficiency under in vitro immunosuppressive conditions. In vivo studies confirm TIN's ability to elicit robust systemic anticancer activity in mouse melanoma and colorectal cancer models without inducing severe immune‐related adverse events.
Advances in Spectro‐Microscopy Methods and their Applications in the Characterization of Perovskite Materials
Authors: Luo Yanqi , Wieghold Sarah , Nienhaus Lea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPerovskite materials are promising contenders as the active layer in light‐harvesting and light‐emitting applications if their long‐term stability can be sufficiently increased. Chemical and structural engineering are shown to enhance long‐term stability, but the increased complexity of the material system also leads to inhomogeneous functional properties across various length scales. Thus, scanning probe and high‐resolution microscopy characterization techniques are needed to reveal the role of local defects and the results promise to act as the foundation for future device improvements. A look at the parameter space: technique‐specific sample penetration depth versus probe size highlights a gap in current methods. High spatial resolution combined with a deep penetration depth is not yet achievable. However, multimodal measurement technique may be the key to covering this parameter space. In this perspective, current advanced spectro‐microscopy methods which have been applied to perovskite materials are highlighted.
RAFT Polymerization for Advanced Morphological Control: From Individual Polymer Chains to Bulk Materials
Authors: Hakobyan Karen , Ishizuka Fumi , Corrigan Nathaniel , Xu Jiangtao , Zetterlund Per B. , Prescott Stuart W. , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: November 2024

AbstractControl of the morphology of polymer systems is achieved through reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization techniques such as Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT). Advanced RAFT techniques offer much more than just “living” polymerization — the RAFT toolkit now enables morphological control of polymer systems across many decades of length‐scale. Morphological control is explored at the molecular‐level in the context of syntheses where individual monomer unit insertion provides sequence‐defined polymers (single unit monomer insertion, SUMI). By being able to define polymer architectures, the synthesis of bespoke shapes and sizes of nanostructures becomes possible by leveraging self‐assembly (polymerization induced self‐assembly, PISA). Finally, it is seen that macroscopic materials can be produced with nanoscale detail, based on phase‐separated nanostructures (polymerization induced microphase separation, PIMS) and microscale detail based on 3D‐printing technologies. RAFT control of morphology is seen to cross from molecular level to additive manufacturing length‐scales, with complete morphological control over all length‐scales.
Congruent Glass Composite Scintillator for Efficient High‐Energy Ray Detection
Authors: Wang Dazhao , Li Hongwei , Chen Jingfei , Hou Dianhao , Liu Xunpiao , Yu Zhuoming , Lv Shichao , Qiu Jianrong , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe scintillator is the most crucial component in the high‐energy ray detection system. The available scintillators suffer from the insurmountable drawbacks including poor shaping ability for single crystal and ceramic and low efficiency for glass. Here, a glass composite scintillator is proposed from a congruent crystallization system which possesses both excellent processability and high scintillating yield. It can be fabricated into diverse shapes and sizes including the bulk and tiny fiber. Benefitting from the unique compositing combination with a high crystallization ratio, the glass composite exhibits a giant scintillating light yield of ≈26,000 photons per MeV. The practical application for X‐ray imaging is demonstrated and a high spatial resolution of 12 l p mm−1 is achieved. Furthermore, the fiber derived detector is built and the remote and micro‐area detection is realized. These findings not only represent a novel design concept for the development of glass composite but also suggest a great step for expanding the scope of scintillators.
Mathematical Exploration of Malaria Transmission Dynamics: Insights from Fractional Models and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Bounouiga Souad , Basti Bilal , Benhamidouche Noureddine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study presents an innovative mathematical model denoted as the fractional SIP(H)–SI(M) model, which aims to analyze and understand the dynamics of malaria transmission and spread. This model is distinguished by incorporating memory effects through fractional differential equations, allowing for a more accurate and realistic analysis of disease spread compared to traditional models. The proposed model is applied to Algeria by estimating its parameters using recent health data (from 2000). The results revealed that the disease‐free equilibrium is stable only when the basic reproduction number is less than one, indicating that controlling the spread of malaria and possibly eradicating it can be achieved by implementing appropriate preventive measures. Simulations also demonstrated a direct correlation between the rate of infection transmission and an increase in the number of infected individuals, highlighting the need for swift action when signs of an outbreak emerge. Based on these findings, a set of preventive measures is recommended, including insecticide spraying programs, widespread distribution of insecticide‐treated bed nets, and implementation of effective treatment protocols for infected individuals. This study also emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring of health data and updating model parameters to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of preventive measures.
Catalytically Active Ti‐Based Nanomaterials for Hydroxyl Radical Mediated Clinical X‐Ray Enhancement
Authors: Gerken Lukas R. H. , Beckers Claire , Brugger Beatrice A. , Kissling Vera M. , Gogos Alexander , Wee Shianlin , Lukatskaya Maria R. , Schiefer Hans , Plasswilm Ludwig , Pruschy Martin , Herrmann Inge K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNanoparticle radioenhancement offers a promising strategy for augmenting radiotherapy by locally increasing radiation damage to tumor tissue. While past research has predominantly focused on nanomaterials with high atomic numbers, such as Au and HfO2, recent work has revealed that their radioenhancement efficacy decreases considerably when using clinically relevant megavoltage X‐rays as opposed to the orthovoltage X‐rays typically employed in research settings. Here, radiocatalytically active Ti‐based nanomaterials for clinical X‐ray therapy settings are designed. A range of candidate materials, including TiO2 (optionally decorated with Ag or Pt nanoseeds), Ti‐containing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and 2D Ti‐based carbides known as Ti3C2Tx MXenes, is investigated. It is demonstrated that these titanium‐based candidates remain consistently performant across a wide energy spectrum, from orthovoltage to megavoltage. This sustained performance is attributed to the catalytic generation of reactive oxygen species, moving beyond the simple physical dose enhancements associated with photoelectric effects. Beyond titania, emergent materials like titanium‐based MOFs and MXenes exhibit encouraging results, achieving dose‐enhancement factors of up to three in human soft tissue sarcoma cells. Notably, these enhancements are absent in healthy human fibroblast cells under similar conditions of particle uptake, underscoring the selective impact of titanium‐based materials in augmenting radiotherapy across the clinically relevant spectral range.
Bone‐Targeted Fluoropeptide Nanoparticle Inhibits NF‐κB Signaling to Treat Osteosarcoma and Tumor‐Induced Bone Destruction
Authors: Li Lin , Rong Guangyu , Gao Xin , Cheng Yiyun , Sun Zhengwang , Cai Xiaopan , Xiao Jianru 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a malignant bone cancer usually characterized by symptoms of bone loss due to pathologically enhanced osteoclast activity. Activated osteoclasts enhance bone resorption and promote osteosarcoma cell progression by secreting various cytokines. Intercepting the detrimental interplay between osteoclasts and osteosarcoma cells is considered as an option for osteosarcoma treatment. Here, a bone‐targeted fluoropeptide nanoparticle that can inhibit the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling in both osteoclasts and osteosarcoma to address the above issue is developed. The NF‐κB essential modulator binding domain (NBD) peptide is conjugated with a fluorous tag to improve its proteolytic stability and intracellular penetration. The NBD peptide is efficiently delivered into cells after fluorination to induce apoptosis of osteocarcoma cells, and inhibits osteoclasts differentiation. The fluorous‐tagged NBD peptide is further co‐assembled with an oligo (aspartic acid) terminated fluoropeptide to form bone‐targeted peptide nanoparticles for osteosarcoma treatment. The targeted nanoparticles efficiently inhibited tumor progression and osteosarcoma‐induced bone destruction in vivo. This co‐assembled fluoropeptide nanoplatform proposed in this study offers a promising approach for targeted and intracellular delivery of peptide therapeutics in the treatment of various diseases.
Redox Mediator as Highly Efficient Charge Storage Electrode Additive for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Haixing , Wang Suqing , Kong Wenhan , Liu Yangxi , Ren Wenhao , Wang Haihui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLBs) have the potential to provide a significant increase in energy density and safety. However, most ASSLBs are still suffering from low cathode loading, poor rate capability, and low attainable energy/power densities, which seriously limit their practical application. Besides developing solid electrolytes with high conductivity, constructing a highly loaded cathode with rapid reaction kinetics is also essential for achieving high‐performance ASSLBs. Herein, the methylamine hydroiodide (CH6NI) is investigated as a functional electrode additive to enable rapid Li+ transport and charge transfer in LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode, whereby the CH6NI serves as a charge storage carrier that facilitates the reaction kinetics during the delithiation and lithiation process of LFP. As a result, the ASSLB assembled with LFP@CH6NI cathode shows excellent cycling stability over 700 cycles at 2 C with a high capacity retention of 87.6%, while the cell with bare LFP cathode shows no capacity at high current rates (≥0.5 C). Moreover, the ASSLB pared with a high active loading cathode (5.6 mg cm−2) still exhibits a high specific capacity of 144.9 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C. This work provides a facile strategy that opens new possibilities for designing high‐loading electrodes for high‐performance ASSLBs.
Herbarium specimens reveal links between leaf shape of Capsella bursa‐pastoris and climate
Authors: Hightower Asia T. , Chitwood Daniel H. , Josephs Emily B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPremiseStudies into the evolution and development of leaf shape have connected variation in plant form, function, and fitness. For species with consistent leaf margin features, patterns in leaf architecture are related to both biotic and abiotic factors. However, for species with inconsistent leaf shapes, quantifying variation in leaf shape and the effects of environmental factors on leaf shape has proven challenging.MethodsTo investigate leaf shape variation in a species with inconsistently shaped leaves, we used geometric morphometric modeling and deterministic techniques to analyze approximately 500 digitized specimens of Capsella bursa‐pastoris collected throughout the continental United States over 100 years. We generated a morphospace of the leaf shapes and modeled leaf shape as a function of environment and time.ResultsLeaf shape variation of C. bursa‐pastoris was strongly associated with temperature over its growing season, with lobing decreasing as temperature increased. While we expected to see changes in variation over time, our results show that the level of leaf shape variation was consistent over the 100 years.ConclusionsOur findings showed that species with inconsistent leaf shape variation can be quantified using geometric morphometric modeling techniques and that temperature is the main environmental factor influencing leaf shape variation.