bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana using wastewaters from different processing units of the silk industry for enhancing biomass production and nutrient removal
Authors: Deng Xiangyuan , Li Da , Xue Chunye , Chen Biao , Dong Jingwei , Tetteh Pius A , Gao Kun 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious studies have documented that searching for wastewaters with appropriate nutrient profiles to cultivate microalgae directly was an effective measure to reduce the cost of algae cultivation. In this work, wastewaters collected from different processing units of the silk industry were used to cultivate Chlorella sorokiniana directly or after preliminary pretreatment for producing algal biomass and removing nutrients.ResultsThe data showed that C. sorokiniana could grow on reeling wastewater and cooking cocoon wastewater with a maximum biomass of 0.26 and 0.49 g L−1, respectively, but could not grow on frigon wastewater because of high salinity and turbidity. Furthermore, the binary mixed wastewaters were used to cultivate this alga, which were mixed according to the algal nutritional requirements. Results indicated that the highest algal biomass (0.56 g L−1), and total nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies (71.7% and 97.1%) were obtained when frigon wastewater was diluted with reeling wastewater (v/v) at a dilution multiple of eight, which was used as the algal culture media. Additionally, contents of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and pigments in the algal cells varied with the changes in nutrient profiles of wastewaters.ConclusionsIt is concluded that (i) reeling wastewater and cooking cocoon wastewater were rich in nutrients for the growth of C. sorokiniana, which could be used as algal culture medium directly; and (ii) growing C. sorokiniana on mixed wastewaters could enhance biomass production and nutrient removal. Thus, the silk industry wastewaters could be considered as suitable media to cultivate microalgae directly or by simply mixing. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Point‐of‐care gastrointestinal ultrasound in inflammatory bowel disease: An accurate alternative for disease monitoring
Authors: Sathananthan Dharshan , Rajagopalan Arvind , Van De Ven Lucinda , Martin Serena , Fon James , Costello Samuel , Bryant Robert V 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is a noninvasive alternative to ileocolonoscopy for monitoring disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but is underutilized in practice. Accuracy data are needed to engender clinician confidence in POCUS and increase uptake. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of POCUS compared to ileocolonoscopy in detecting active disease and extent in patients with IBD.MethodsA prospective, blinded study was performed at a single tertiary center in South Australia between May 2017 and May 2018. Consecutive patients with a formal diagnosis of IBD who underwent both POCUS and ileocolonoscopy within 30 days of one another, performed to evaluate IBD disease activity, were eligible for participation. The accuracy of POCUS compared to ileocolonoscopy was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, and Cohen's kappa coefficient analyses.ResultsA total of 74 patients were included in the final analysis, 35 (47%) of whom had Crohn's disease and 39 (53%) ulcerative colitis; 37 subjects (50%) underwent a POCUS and ileocolonoscopy on the same day. POCUS demonstrated 91% sensitivity and 83% specificity for detecting endoscopically active IBD, correlating with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 89%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 86%, and a kappa coefficient of 0.74 (88%). POCUS defined disease extent with 87% sensitivity and 81% specificity, correlating with a PPV of 85% and NPV of 83% and a kappa coefficient of 0.70 (85%).ConclusionPOCUS is accurate in defining disease activity and extent in IBD compared to ileocolonoscopy. POCUS represents an appealing, noninvasive alternative to ileocolonoscopy for monitoring disease activity in IBD.
Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy on Rat Achilles Tendon Healing
Authors: Huegel Julianne , Boorman‐Padgett James F. , Nuss Courtney A. , Raja Harina A. , Chan Peter Y. , Kuntz Andrew F. , Waldorff Erik I. , Zhang Nianli , Ryaby James T. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe Achilles tendon is frequently injured. Data to support specific treatment strategies for complete and partial tears is inconclusive. Regardless of treatment, patients risk re‐rupture and typically have long‐term functional deficits. We previously showed that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy improved tendon‐to‐bone healing in a rat rotator cuff model. This study investigated the effects of PEMF on rat ankle function and Achilles tendon properties after (i) complete Achilles tendon tear and repair with immobilization, (ii) partial Achilles tendon tear without repair and with immobilization, and (iii) partial Achilles tendon tear without repair and without immobilization. We hypothesized that PEMF would improve tendon properties, increase collagen organization, and improve joint function, regardless of injury type. After surgical injury, animals were assigned to a treatment group: (i) no treatment control, (ii) 1 h of PEMF per day, or (iii) 3 h of PEMF per day. Animals were euthanized at 1, 3, and 6 weeks post‐injury. Joint mechanics and gait analysis were assessed over time, and fatigue testing and histology were performed at each time point. Results indicate no clear differences in Achilles healing with PEMF treatment. Some decreases in tendon mechanical properties and ankle function suggest PEMF may be detrimental after complete tear. Some early improvements were seen with PEMF after partial tear with immobilization; however, immobilization was found to be a confounding factor. This body of work emphasizes the distinct effects of PEMF on tendon‐to‐bone healing and supports trialing potential treatment strategies pre‐clinically across tendons before applying them clinically. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:70–81, 2020
Targeted sequencing identifies novel variants in common and rare MODY genes
Authors: de Santana Lucas S. , Caetano Lilian A. , Costa‐Riquetto Aline D. , Franco Pedro C. , Dotto Renata P. , Reis André F. , Weinert Letícia S. , Silveiro Sandra P. , Vendramini Marcio F. , do Prado Flaviene A. , Abrahão Giovanna C. P. , de Almeida Ana Gregória F. P. , Tavares Maria da G. Rodrigues , Gonçalves Wagner Rodrigo B. , Santomauro Junior Augusto C. , Halpern Bruno , Jorge Alexander A. L. , Nery Marcia , Teles Milena G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMaturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a form of monogenic diabetes with autosomal dominant inheritance. To date, mutations in 11 genes have been frequently associated with this phenotype. In Brazil, few cohorts have been screened for MODY, all using a candidate gene approach, with a high prevalence of undiagnosed cases (MODY‐X).MethodsWe conducted a next‐generation sequencing target panel (tNGS) study to investigate, for the first time, a Brazilian cohort of MODY patients with a negative prior genetic analysis. One hundred and two patients were selected, of which 26 had an initial clinical suspicion of MODY‐GCK and 76 were non‐GCK MODY.ResultsAfter excluding all benign and likely benign variants and variants of uncertain significance, we were able to assign a genetic cause for 12.7% (13/102) of the probands. Three rare MODY subtypes were identified (PDX1/NEUROD1/ABCC8), and eight variants had not been previously described/mapped in genomic databases. Important clinical findings were evidenced in some cases after genetic diagnosis, such as MODY‐PDX1/HNF1B.ConclusionA multiloci genetic approach allowed the identification of rare MODY subtypes, reducing the large percentage of MODY‐X in Brazilian cases and contributing to a better clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic characterization of these rare phenotypes.
A de novo SIX1 variant in a patient with a rare nonsyndromic cochleovestibular nerve abnormality, cochlear hypoplasia, and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Kari Elina , Llaci Lorida , Go John L. , Naymik Marcus , Knowles James A. , Leal Suzanne M. , Rangasamy Sampath , Huentelman Matthew J. , Friedman Rick A. , Schrauwen Isabelle 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildhood hearing impairment affects language and cognitive development. Profound congenital sensorineural hearing impairment can be due to an abnormal cochleovestibular nerve (CVN) and cochleovestibular malformations, however, the etiology of these conditions remains unclear.MethodsWe used a trio‐based exome sequencing approach to unravel the underlying molecular etiology of a child with a rare nonsyndromic CVN abnormality and cochlear hypoplasia. Clinical and imaging data were also reviewed.ResultsWe identified a de novo missense variant [p(Asn174Tyr)] in the DNA‐binding Homeodomain of SIX1, a gene which previously has been associated with autosomal dominant hearing loss (ADHL) and branchio‐oto‐renal or Branchio‐otic syndrome, a condition not seen in this patient.ConclusionsSIX1 has an important function in otic vesicle patterning during embryogenesis, and mice show several abnormalities to their inner ear including loss of inner ear innervation. Previous reports on patients with SIX1 variants lack imaging data and nonsyndromic AD cases were reported to have no inner ear malformations. In conclusion, we show that a de novo variant in SIX1 in a patient with sensorineural hearing loss leads to cochleovestibular malformations and abnormalities of the CVN, without any other abnormalities. Without proper interventions, severe to profound hearing loss is devastating to both education and social integration. Choosing the correct intervention can be challenging and a molecular diagnosis may adjust intervention and improve outcomes, especially for rare cases.
A corner expanded slot antenna loaded with copper strips for dual‐band circular polarization characteristics
Authors: Paul Princy M. , Kandasamy Krishnamoorthy , Sharawi Mohammad S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article, the design and implementation of a dual‐band circularly polarized (CP) microstrip line fed square slot antenna with compact size is proposed. The proposed CP antenna consists of a square slot antenna with a pair of symmetric rectangular extensions on opposite corners and loaded with an array of inclined and truncated rectangular copper strips. The square slot with diagonal extensions resonates at 2.24 to 2.62 GHz with a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 15.7%. Besides, loading it with an array of inclined and truncated rectangular copper strips helps produce a resonance at higher band with CP. The higher band operates between 3.26 and 5.18 GHz and centered at 4.52 GHz, with a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 45.5%. The polarization sense and resonant frequency of the proposed antenna can be independently tuned depending on the position and dimensions of the slot and strips, respectively. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured in terms of impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth, peak gain, and radiation efficiency. Good agreement between the simulations and measurements of the prototype is obtained.
Investigations on an extremely compact MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation and bandwidth
Authors: Bhattacharya Ankan , Roy Bappadittya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis letter deals with design and investigation of an extremely compact MIMO antenna with improved bandwidth and isolation level. The proposed structure possesses two slotted radiating elements paled orthogonally for minimizing the mutual coupling and for achieving diversity in polarization. A wide bandwidth of 17.15 GHz has been achieved with dual notched bands alongside for eliminating the disturbance originating due to WLAN band (05.15‐05.85 GHz) and WiMAX band (03.3‐03.7 GHz). Isolation has been improved by the incorporation of a “Y‐shaped” parasitic element between the orthogonal radiators. A prototype, having an extremely compact dimension of 20.0 × 20.0 mm2 (0.09 λo × 0.09 λo), has been manufactured. Results of measurement are at par with the simulation results.
Approaches to denote treatment outcome: Clinical significance and clinical global impression compared
Authors: de Beurs Edwin , Carlier Ingrid V.E. , van Hemert Albert M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe authors of a previous study proposed a statistically based approach to denote treatment outcome, translating pretest and posttest scores into clinically relevant categories, such as recovery and reliable improvement. We assessed the convergent validity of the Jacobson–Truax (JT) approach, using T‐score based cutoff values, with ratings by an independent evaluator.MethodsPretest and retest scores on the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and clinical global impression improvement (CGI‐I) ratings were collected repeatedly through routine outcome monitoring from 5,900 outpatients with common mental disorders. Data were collected in everyday practice in a large mental health care provider.ResultsContinuous pretest‐to‐retest BSI change scores had a stronger association with CGI‐I than the categorical variable based on JT. However, JT categorization and improvement according to CGI converged substantially with association indices (Somers'D) ranging fromD= .50 to .56. Discordance was predominantly due to a more positive outcome according to JT than on CGI‐I ratings.ConclusionConverting continuous outcome variables into clinically meaningful categories comes at the price of somewhat diminished concurrent validity with CGI‐I. Nevertheless, support was found for the proposed threshold values for reliable change and recovery, and the outcome denoted in these terms corresponded with CGI improvement for most patients.
Experimental and Modeling Investigation of Radical Homopolymerization of 2‐(Methacryloyloxyethyl) Trimethylammonium Chloride in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ezenwajiaku Ikenna H. , Chovancová Anna , Lister Kyle C. , Lacík Igor , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe radical homopolymerization kinetics of 2‐(methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (TMAEMC) in aqueous solution is investigated across a wide range of initial monomer contents (5–35 wt%), ionic strengths, and pH levels using an in‐situ NMR technique to track monomer consumption over the complete conversion range. Molar mass distributions (MMD) of the final homopolymers are also examined, with additional batch and semi‐batch experiments conducted in a stirred vessel. The rates of monomer conversion and polymer MMDs are dependent on initial monomer content but almost entirely independent of pH and the presence of salts, with some acceleration of rate observed for low monomer levels at very high salt concentration. To aid with the interpretation of these results, the conductivity and counterion activity of monomer and polymer mixtures are measured to determine the extent of electrostatic interactions at various levels of conversion. These results are combined with recently reported measurements of TMAEMC homopropagation kinetics to develop a TMAEMC homopolymerization model that captures the systematic decrease in rates of monomer conversion observed with increased initial monomer content during batch polymerization as well as provides a good representation of semi‐batch polymerization.
UVB LEDs for Medical Phototherapy
Authors: Seme Bernd , Streit Ingolf 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhototherapy involves exposure of the skin to light in order to treat various skin diseases such as psoriasis. In the 20th century, great advancements have been made in developing safe and effective narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) phototherapy modalities. Targeted phototherapy delivers light exclusively to the affected skin and thereby avoids side effects on unaffected healthy areas. Recently, solid‐state UV light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) have the potential to become the light source of the future for targeted NB‐UVB phototherapy treatments.
Setting Sights on a 3D Process
Authors: Schopphoven Thomas , Schleifenbaum Johannes Henrich , Tharmakulasingam Sadagopan , Schulte Oliver 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOriginally created as an alternative to coating processes such as hard chrome plating and thermal spraying, the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT is working with industry partners to transform this extremely high‐speed form of laser material deposition into a fast and affordable additive manufacturing process. The goal is to push the boundaries of 3D printing and achieve extremely high deposition rates at high resolution with new technology and a special nozzle including a new kind of measuring system.
No effect of CBT‐based online self‐help training to reduce fear of cancer recurrence: First results of the CAREST multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: van Helmondt Sanne Jasperine , van der Lee Marije Liesbeth , van Woezik Rosalie Antonia Maria , Lodder Paul , de Vries Jolanda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common consequence of surviving cancer; therefore, easily accessible self‐help training could help many cancer survivors deal with FCR at low costs. The CAncer REcurrence Self‐help Training (CAREST) trial evaluates the effectiveness of an online‐tailored self‐help training on the basis of evidence‐based cognitive behavioral therapy principles in breast cancer survivors. Also, possible predictors for benefitting from the online self‐help training were examined.MethodsThis multicenter randomized controlled trial included 262 female breast cancer survivors, randomly assigned to either online self‐help training (n = 130) or care as usual (CAU; n = 132). Participants completed questionnaires at baseline (T0), 3 months (T1; after intervention), and 9 months (T2). The primary outcome was FCR (Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory Severity subscale). Both effectiveness and predictors were analyzed with latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) according to the intention‐to‐treat principle.ResultsLGCM showed no differences between the average latent slope in both groups (χ21 = .23, P = .63), suggesting that the treatments did not differ in their change in FCR over time. Moreover, no differences were found in the effects of the predictors on the latent slope in both groups (χ21 = .12, P = .73), suggesting that no significant predictors were found for the effect of the intervention on FCR.ConclusionThere was no effect of the CBT‐based online self‐help training “Less fear after cancer” in the current study. Therefore, we recommend adding professional support to online interventions for FCR.
Mechanically ventilated premature babies have sex differences in specific elastance: A pilot study
Authors: Kim Kyeong Tae , Knopp Jennifer , Dixon Bronwyn , Chase J. Geoffrey 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesA pilot study to compare pulmonary mechanics in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) cohort, specifically, comparing lung elastance between male and female infants in the NICU.HypothesisAnecdotally, male infants are harder to ventilate than females. We hypothesize that males have higher model‐based elastance (converse: lower specific compliance) compared to females, reflecting underlying stiffer lungs.Study DesignA clinically validated, single‐compartment model is used to identify specific elastance (inverse of specific compliance) and resistance for each breath. Specific elastance accounts for weight differences when comparing male and female infants. Relative percent breath‐to‐breath variability (%ΔE) in specific elastance is also compared. Level of asynchrony was also determined.Patient‐subject SelectionTen invasively mechanically ventilated patients from Christchurch Women's Hospital.MethodologyAirway pressure and flow data from 10 invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) infants from Christchurch Women's Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, New Zealand was prospectively recorded under standard MV care. Model‐based specific elastance and resistance are identified for each breath, as well as relative percent breath‐to‐breath variability (%ΔE) in specific elastance.ResultsMale infants overall had higher specific elastance compared to females infants (P ≤ .01), with median (interquartile range) for males of 1.91 (1.33‐2.48) cmH2O·kg/mL compared to 1.31 (0.86‐2.02) cmH2O·kg/mL in females. Male infants had lower variability with %ΔE of −0.03 (−7.56 to 8.01)% vs female infants of −0.59 (12.56‐12.86)%. Males had 14.75% asynchronous breaths whereas females had 17.54%.ConclusionOverall, males had higher specific elastance and correspondingly lower breath‐to‐breath variability. These results indicate male and female infants may require different MV settings, mode, and monitoring.
Multiscale extratropical barotropic variability on the subseasonal‐to‐seasonal time‐scale
Authors: Boljka Lina , Shepherd Theodore G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBarotropic variability plays an important role in a variety of extratropical atmospheric processes, such as annular modes, teleconnections, and baroclinic life cycles, which occur on a wide range of time‐scales. Extratropical dynamics is dominated by high‐frequency (periods shorter than 10 days) transient waves, which drive barotropic variability through baroclinic life cycle events. However, other types of waves (e.g. low‐frequency, with periods longer than 10 days, and stationary waves) also play an important role in shaping extratropical dynamics on various time‐scales. This study uses reanalysis data in the context of the zonal momentum budget to address the relative importance of stationary, low‐frequency and high‐frequency waves in driving barotropic variability at high (synoptic) and low (subseasonal‐to‐seasonal) frequencies both locally in storm‐track regions and in the zonal mean in both hemispheres. The analysis reveals that the eddy forcing of barotropic variability on synoptic time‐scales is dominated by the interaction between low‐frequency (and stationary) and high‐frequency waves, and not by high‐frequency self‐interactions. On longer (subseasonal‐to‐seasonal) time‐scales the picture is more complex, with increased importance of low‐frequency self‐interactions but still largely negligible high‐frequency self‐interactions. A better understanding of the mechanisms driving barotropic variability on subseasonal‐to‐seasonal time‐scales may help advancing predictability on these time‐scales.
A robotic system for telementoring and training in laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Prince Stephen W. , Kang Christopher , Simonelli James , Lee Yu‐Hsiu , Gerber Matthew J. , Lim Christopher , Chu Kevin , Dutson Erik P. , Tsao Tsu‐Chin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA laparoscopic surgical training system, the LapaRobot, is introduced. The system is composed of an expert station and a trainee station connected through the Internet. Embedded actuators allow the trainee station to be driven by an expert surgeon so that a trainee learns proper technique through physical feedback. The surgical‐tool trajectory and video feed can be recorded and later “played back” to a trainee to hone operative skills through guided repetition without the need for expert supervision. The system is designed to create a high‐fidelity approximation of the intracorporeal workspace, incorporate commercially available surgical instruments, and provide a wealth of high‐resolution data for quantitative analysis and feedback. Experimental evaluation demonstrated a 55% improvement in surgical performance with use of our system. In this paper, we introduce the details of the design and fabrication of the LapaRobot, illustrate the mechatronics and software‐control schemes, and evaluate the system in a study.