bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Opportunity, Threats, Strategies of LGBT+ Student Movement in China
Authors: Huang Jingjing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe LGBT+ student movement in China started in 2006 when the first LGBT+ student group was formed. It flourished after 2012, growing from fewer than 10 groups in 2012 to over 50 by 2018. Meanwhile, Xi Jinping's presidency in 2012 marked a significant political turning point. Subsequently, the party‐state tightened its control on power by suppressing civil society and civic engagement. Therefore, this political context had a substantial impact on the strategic decisions made by the LGBT+ student movement in China, requiring activists to adopt a less confrontational form of activism. This article explores the strategies adopted by the LGBT+ student movement in China between 2012 and 2022 and examines how the sociopolitical context has influenced these strategies and shaped the movement. Based on eight interviews with student activists and NGO staff, this study focusses on the evolving strategies of student groups over the last decade, categorizing this decade into three distinct phases. The first phase (2012–2015) saw a variety of advocacy rights activities taking place. In the second phase (2015–2019), education emerged as the primary strategy. Finally, the third phase (2019–2022) centered around community support, driven by the group's need for survival in the post‐COVID era. I argue that although the state and universities employed soft strategies such as discipline and censorship to influence the political opportunity structure, forcing student activists to self‐censor and emphasize community support over mobilization, activists still possess agency. They propel the movement forward by integrating activism into community support and everyday resistance. Theoretically, this paper contributes to the field of research on youth social movements, authoritarianism, and LGBT+ social movements by adopting a political opportunity structure framework for analyzing the structure of political assemblies and exploring how student activists, as powerless underdogs, interact with universities and the state.
Electromigration of Charged Analytes Through Immiscible Fluids in Multiphasic Electrophoresis
Authors: Islam Md Nazibul , Liu Yang , Herr Amy E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMultiphasic buffer systems have been of greatest interest in electrophoresis and liquid–liquid electrotransfer; this study extends that foundation by exploring the interplay of the geometric and viscous properties of an interleaving oil layer on the electrotransfer of a charged analyte from an aqueous solution into a hydrogel. We utilized finite element analysis to examine two complementary configurations: one being electrotransfer of a charged analyte (protein) in an aqueous phase into a surrounding hydrogel layer and another being electrotransfer of the protein from that originating aqueous phase—through an interleaving oil layer of predetermined viscosity and thickness—and into a surrounding hydrogel layer. Results indicate that the presence of an oil layer leads to increased skew of the injected peak. To explain this difference in injection dispersion, we utilize Probstein's framework and compare the Péclet (Pe) number with the ratio between length scales characteristic to the axial and radial dispersion, respectively. The formulation assigns electrotransfer conditions into six different dispersion regimes. We show that the presence or absence of an interleaving oil layer moves the observed peak dispersion into distinct electrotransfer regimes; the presence of an oil layer augments the electrophoretic mobility mismatch among the different phases, resulting in a five‐fold increase in Pe and a six‐fold increase in the ratio between the axial to radial dispersion characteristic lengths. We further show that oil viscosity significantly influences resultant injection dispersion. A decrease in oil‐layer viscosity from 0.08 to 0.02 Pa s results in a >100% decrease in injection dispersion. Our theoretical predictions were experimentally validated by comparing the electrotransfer regimes of three different mineral oil samples. We show that lowering the oil viscosity to 0.0039 Pa s results in an injection regime similar to that of the absence of an oil layer. Understanding of the impact of electrotransfer of charged species across multiple immiscible fluid layers on peak dispersion informs the design of multiphasic electrophoresis systems.
Biotechnology Advances in Natural Food Colorant Acylated Anthocyanin Production
Authors: Zeng Shaohua , Lin Shuang , Jiang Rong , Wei Jinrong , Wang Ying 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe food application of natural blue colorants such as acylated anthocyanin is becoming increasingly popular due to their safety, nutritional value, organoleptic attributes, and more pH/thermo‐stable properties compared to nonacylated anthocyanins. However, it is a great challenge to obtain enough acylated anthocyanins to meet market demand, rather than readily available in nature from edible fruits and vegetables. In this review, the acylated anthocyanins in food crops, the efficient and eco‐friendly extraction of food‐grade acylated anthocyanins, and their potential application in intelligent packaging are extensively summarized. Subsequently, the plant anthocyanin acyltransferases (AATs) are also comprehensively summarized. The strategy of functional optimization of AATs through computational or artificial intelligence–based protein‐directed evolution is described and suggested. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of acylated anthocyanins generated in microbes and plant suspension cells are extensively compared, and the chassis selection of engineering acylated anthocyanins is discussed. Finally, the approaches and strategies of metabolic engineering to enhance the yield of acylated anthocyanins in plant suspension cells are also described and discussed. Taken together, this review provides a roadmap or strategy for the production of acylated anthocyanins to meet the increasing market demand in future food industry.
Essential and Nonessential Elements, Lipids and Volatile Compounds in Coffee and Transfer to Coffee Brews: Assessment of the Benefits and Potential Risks for Human Health
Authors: Senila Marin , Kovacs Eniko , Senila Lacrimioara 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCoffee is a popular beverage with significant commercial and social importance. The study aimed to determine the fatty acids profile, volatile compounds, and concentration of major and trace elements (Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb) in the two most important varieties of coffee, namely arabica and robusta. The leaching percentages of mineral elements and the effect of boiling time on the transfer of elements to aqueous extracts were also determined. In terms of fatty acids profile, the robusta variety was found to have a higher content of saturated fatty acids (46.68%) compared to the arabica variety (44.38%), whereas arabica contained a higher amount of omega‐6. Regarding the volatile compounds, arabica contained higher amounts of pyrazines (36%), ketones (5.4%), and furans (37.8%). The average contents of the major elements in roasted coffee (arabica and robusta) decreased in the order K > P > S > Mg > Ca > Na, while the trace elements content exhibited a decrease in the order Fe > Mn > B > Cu > Zn > Ni > Pb > Cd ≈ Cr. In coffee brews, the contents of elements have a similar decreasing trend, although variations in leaching percentages were observed. The health risk was assessed considering the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in coffee brews, and no health risks were indicated by the obtained scores. The contribution of coffee brews to the recommended dietary daily intake of essential elements is low. However, it can be significant considering that this beverage is consumed on a daily basis.
The Effectiveness of Educational Intervention in Promoting Preventive Behaviors of Dengue Fever in Southern Iran: Applying Health Belief Model (HBM)
Authors: Yari Asiyeh , Mohseni Shokrollah , Ezati Rad Roghayeh , Hosseini Zahra , Shahabi Nahid , Aghamolaei Teamur 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsDiseases transmittable by Aedes mosquito affect the health of millions of people every year, however, they can be effectively prevented. This study aimed to apply the Health Belief Model (HBM) in promoting preventive behaviors against dengue fever in southern Iran.MethodsIn this quasi‐experimental study, 320 people were randomly selected through multi‐stage cluster sampling in 2022 (161 in the intervention group and 159 in the control group). The data were collected using a researcher‐made questionnaire based on the HBM constructs before and 1 month after an educational intervention. Content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and Cronbach alpha coefficient were used for psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire. The educational intervention was made on a daily basis in a WhatsApp group in August and September 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used for data analysis.ResultsAfter the educational intervention, the mean score increased in the constructs of behavior (38.42 ± 1.54), knowledge (10.77 ± 0.98), attitude (24.30 ± 1.59), perceived susceptibility (20.05 ± 1.42), perceived severity (21.31 ± 2.01), perceived benefits (28.00 ± 2.16), self‐efficacy (14.77 ± 0.51) of the intervention group. Moreover, after the intervention, the scores of perceived barriers (8.96 ± 1.31) decreased in the intervention group (p < 0.05). The analysis of covariance showed education had a statistically significant effect on HBM constructs.ConclusionsThe participants' knowledge about preventive behavior of dengue fever increased. They managed to remove the barriers to healthy behavior and began to show the desired preventive behavior with the self‐efficacy they gained; thus, the educational intervention based on the HBM can improve the behaviors to preventi of dengue fever, which is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito.
Analysis of Hydrothermal Flow and Performance of Heat Transfer in 3D Pipes Based on Varying Dimple Structure Configurations
Authors: Al‐Haidari Saad Raad , Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Ramadhan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn the current work, the study examines the flow patterns and heat transfer capabilities of tubes with various spherical dimple configurations. A numerical analysis, supported by experimental validation on a reference model, was conducted on a circular tube with an alternating flow path. The primary goal was to enhance the thermal performance of circular tubes by inducing mixing and vortex flows. The impact of three design factors on thermal–hydraulic performance was investigated, dimple pipe diameter (DPD), dimple group number (DGN), and number of dimples (NODs). Dimpled tubes consistently outperformed smooth tubes in heat transfer due to increased flow mixing and separation. Both increasing the Reynolds number and decreasing the design factors led to the formation of mixing and vortex patterns. The performance evaluation factor (PEF) varied across different dimple configurations. For DPD, PEF ranged from 1.14 to 1.33; for DGN, it ranged from 1.15 to 1.28; for NOD, it ranged from 0.95 to 1.21, all within a Reynolds number range of 4000–15,000. At a Reynolds number of 6000, all three configurations of DPD, DGN, and NOD outperformed the smooth pipe in terms of the Nusselt number. For DPD, Nusselt number improvements ranged from 25.7% to 30.8%, and friction factors increased by 21% to 67%. DGN configurations exhibited a wider range of Nusselt number enhancement from 25% to 49.6%, and friction factor increase from 37% to 72%. NOD configurations also demonstrated consistent improvements, with Nusselt number increases ranging from 27.35% to 31% and friction factor increases from 42% to 74%. Spherical dimples can significantly enhance the thermal–hydraulic performance of tubes, so the best configuration depends on the specific application, and the highest performance, with a 1.33 increase in PEF, was achieved with a dimple diameter of 2 mm (DPD = 2 mm) and a dimple density of four dimples per unit area (NOD = 4).
ANRIL's Epigenetic Regulation and Its Implications for Cardiovascular Disorders
Authors: Moglad Ehssan , Kaur Parjinder , Menon Soumya V. , Abida  , Ali Haider , Kaur Mandeep , Deorari Mahamedha , Pant Kumud , Almalki Waleed Hassan , Kazmi Imran , Alzarea Sami I. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are a major global health concern, but their underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent research highlights the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), particularly ANRIL, in cardiovascular development and disease. ANRIL, located in the human genome's 9p21 region, significantly regulates cardiovascular pathogenesis. It controls nearby tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A/B through epigenetic pathways, influencing cell growth and senescence. ANRIL interacts with epigenetic modifiers, leading to altered histone modifications and gene expression changes. It also acts as a transcriptional regulator, impacting key genes in CVD development. ANRIL's involvement in cardiovascular epigenetic regulation suggests potential therapeutic strategies. Manipulating ANRIL and its associated epigenetic modifiers could offer new approaches to managing CVDs and preventing their progression. Dysregulation of ANRIL has been linked to various cardiovascular conditions, including coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. This abstract provides insights from recent research, emphasizing ANRIL's significance in the epigenetic landscape of cardiovascular disorders. By shedding light on ANRIL's role in cellular processes and disease development, the abstract highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for addressing CVDs.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and in Silico Studies of Novel Urea/Thiourea Derivatives of Lenalidomide
Authors: Tok Fatih , Abas Burçin İrem , Başoğlu Faika , Çevik Özge , Karakuş Sevgi , Ece Abdulilah 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDesigning new compounds from existing chemotherapeutic drugs to enhance inhibitory effects on tumor cells while overcoming multidrug resistance is one of the important strategies for new drug discovery in medicinal chemistry. A new series of urea and thiourea derivatives based on Lenalidomide as potential anticancer agents have been designed and synthesized. In vitro anticancer activity assay against Caki cancer cells and HUVEC endothelial cells revealed that 1‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐3‐[2‐(2,6‐dioxopiperidin‐3‐yl)‐1‐oxoisoindolin‐4‐yl]urea (11) exhibited the highest anticancer activity and selectivity in the series with IC50 values of 9.88 and 179.03 µM, respectively. Among the compounds, 11 showed significant HDAC1 inhibiton of 68.02 ± 2.44% at 10 µM concentration. TGF‐β, Bax, Bcl‐2 protein levels and scratch assay were analyzed in Caki cells. As a result, compound 11 induced apoptosis in Caki cells. In this study, it has been demonstrated that compound 11 can be a lead compound for further detailed investigation in renal cancer treatment. Through molecular docking studies, it was determined that the most active compound, 11, forms stable interactions with key residues in the enzyme's active site, particularly engaging in hydrogen bonds with GLY149 and coordinating with the zinc ion in the HDAC1 active site. These interactions are crucial for the observed inhibitory activity. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed the binding event of the most active compound with class I histone deacetylase and the stability of the complex in a biological environment.
MolAR: Memory‐Safe Library for Analysis of MD Simulations Written in Rust
Authors: Yesylevskyy Semen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTransition to the memory safe natively compiled programming languages is a major software development trend in recent years, which eliminates memory‐related security exploits, enables a fearless concurrency and parallelization, and drastically improves ergonomics and speed of software development. Modern memory‐safe programing languages, such as Rust, are currently not used for developing molecular modeling and simulation software despite such obvious benefits as faster development cycle, better performance and smaller amount of bugs. This work introduces MolAR—the first memory‐safe library for analysis of MD simulations written in Rust. MolAR is intended to explore the advantages and challenges of implementing molecular analysis software in the memory‐safe natively compiled language and to develop specific memory‐safe abstractions for this kind of software. MolAR demonstrates an excellent performance in benchmarks outperforming popular molecular analysis libraries and tools, which makes it attractive for implementing computationally intensive analysis tasks. MolAR is freely available under Artistic License 2.0 at https://github.com/yesint/molar.
Saddle‐shaped rotating knee prosthesis outperforms low contact stress knee: A short‐term retrospective comparative study
Authors: Itoh Masafumi , Itou Junya , Kuwashima Umito , Okazaki Ken 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThis retrospective comparative study aimed to compare the native patellar alignment and clinical outcomes of the Rotating Concave–Convex (ROCC) knee, which features a saddle‐shaped rotating platform (RP) insert and a deep trochlea, versus the low contact stress (LCS) knee, which has favourable long‐term outcomes and features an anatomically shaped trochlea and a cruciate‐sacrificing RP insert. We hypothesized that the deeper trochlea of the ROCC would further stabilize the native patella, resulting in superior clinical outcomes compared to LCS‐RP.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent patellar‐nonresurfacing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using ROCC or LCS‐RP were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with over 1‐year post‐TKA follow‐up were included. Patients with neurologic disorders affecting knee function or additional ipsilateral knee surgery before evaluation were excluded. Patellar alignment was evaluated using the patella tilting angle (PTA), patella shift (PS), and the ratio of patella fitting depth into the trochlea (F) on axial radiographs. Primary and secondary outcomes were evaluated using the patellar score assessing patellofemoral function and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Multiple regression analyses were performed with primary and secondary outcomes as dependent variables.ResultsThe analysis included 113 ROCC knees and 94 LCS‐RP knees (median follow‐up: 25 months, follow‐up rate: 92.3%). For ROCC and LCS‐RP, respectively, the mean PTA was 0.3 (3.2)° and 4.3 (2.9)°; PS was 0.5 (1.8) and 2.0 (2.5) mm; and F was 29.6 (8.1)% and 21.4 (6.5)% (all p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, ROCC positively affected both primary and secondary outcomes (p = 0.004 and 0.0003–0.02, respectively).ConclusionAt short‐term follow‐up, ROCC stabilized the patella further horizontally, centrally, and deeply into the trochlea, thus outperforming LCS‐RP clinically. Orthopaedic surgeons should consider these potential advantages when selecting TKA models, especially those featuring cruciate‐sacrificing RP mechanisms in patellar‐nonresurfacing procedures.Level of EvidenceIII. Retrospective comparative study.
Synthesis and Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity of 6‐, 7‐, or 8‐Substituted 2‐(Hetero)aryl‐4‐(4‐(Hetero)aryl‐2‐Oxobut‐3‐en‐1‐Ylidene)Benzothiazepanes
Authors: Magdalenic Katarina , Morillon Donatien , De Jonghe Steven , Persoons Leentje , Schols Dominique , Van Hecke Kristof , Grootaert Charlotte , Van Camp John , D'hooghe Matthias 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCancer chemotherapy is continuously challenged by serious complications like pronounced side effects and multidrug resistance (MDR). Natural products, such as curcumin, offer promising alternatives due to their diverse biological applications and low toxicity. However, curcumin's clinical utility is limited by poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and non‐specific (PAINS) activity. Building on previous findings, this study explored the structural modification of curcumin‐inspired benzothiazepane derivatives in an attempt to enhance their therapeutic potential through modifications of the two peripheral (hetero)aromatic rings and the benzothiazepane scaffold. In this way, eight new 2‐(hetero)aryl‐4‐(4‐(hetero)aryl‐2‐oxobut‐3‐en‐1‐ylidene)benzothiazepanes and two 4‐thiobutan‐2‐one “double Michael addition” derivatives were synthesized and tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of eight cancer cell lines. The screening results indicated that bis‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) analogs bearing a chlorinated benzothiazepane ring exhibited the highest potency and broad‐spectrum activity at the low micromolar range. Bis‐substitutions with 3‐pyridinyl and 2‐furyl groups showed less potent but more specific activity profiles, potentially reducing PAINS effects. 2‐Aminothiophenol‐derived double Michael addition products demonstrated increased broad‐spectrum activity, highlighting the importance of the free aniline amino group for targeted effects. This study underscores the potential of benzothiazepane derivatives as viable cancer cell cytotoxic agents and provides useful insights for future optimization and evaluation.
Comparison of the treatment efficacy of suprascapular nerve block and intra‐articular shoulder injection techniques in patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis
Authors: Sarı Muhammet Hüseyin , Akdağ Ali , Hekim Hanife Hale , Bilgilisoy‐Filiz Meral 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdhesive capsulitis (AC) is a common cause of shoulder disability. Interventional procedures are used along with many other treatment methods. There are insufficient studies directly comparing the superiority of suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) and intra‐articular shoulder injection (IAI) techniques, which are frequently used interventional methods in treatment.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of ultrasonography‐guided SSNB and IAI techniques in terms of pain and functional status in the treatment of AC.DesignA single‐center, double‐blind randomized study.SettingThe study was conducted at the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic of Antalya Training and Research Hospital between March and October 2022.ParticipantsEighty‐four participants aged 15 to 75 years with a clinical diagnosis of AC were screened for the study, and 60 participants were included in the study after excluding participants who did not meet the criteria.InterventionsParticipants were randomized into two groups with 30 participants in each group. Both groups received an injection of 1 mL of 40 mg of triamcinolone acetonide and 9 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride under ultrasonographic guidance.Main Outcome MeasuresThe patients' Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) scores, shoulder active and passive range of motions (ROM), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were evaluated before and after the injection in the 1st week, 4th week, and 12th week.ResultsOur study found no significant difference in SPADI and ROM between the two groups when comparing pre‐injection and post‐injection results in 1st week, 4th week, and 12th week. When pre‐injection and 1st week, 1st week and 4th week, 4th week and 12th‐week measurements were compared, improvement in SPADI‐Disability scores, SPADI‐Total scores, active flexion, passive flexion, active abduction, passive abduction, and active extension ROM values continued until the 12th week in both groups. In both groups, improvement in SPADI‐Pain scores, active external rotation, and passive external rotation ROM values continued until the 4th week. In terms of VAS scores, passive extension, active internal rotation, and passive internal rotation ROM values, there was a statistically significant improvement in both groups after the injection compared to pre‐injection.ConclusionThe efficacy of SSNB and IAI techniques in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis was found to be similar. In both methods, significant improvements were observed in SPADI, ROM, and VAS measurements compared to baseline.