bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suspension Taylor–Couette flow: co-existence of stationary and travelling waves, and the characteristics of Taylor vortices and spirals
Authors: Ramesh Prashanth , Bharadwaj S. , Alam Meheboob 
Published: May 2019

Flow visualization and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements are used to unravel the pattern transition and velocity field in the Taylor–Couette flow (TCF) of neutrally buoyant non-Brownian spheres immersed in a Newtonian fluid. With increasing Reynolds number ($Re$) or the rotation rate of the inner cylinder, the bifurcation sequence in suspension TCF remains same as in its Newtonian counterpart (i.e. from the circular Couette flow (CCF) to stationary Taylor vortex flow (TVF) and then to travelling wavy Taylor vortices (WTV) with increasing $Re$) for small particle volume fractions ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}<0.05$). However, at $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\geqslant 0.05$, non-axisymmetric patterns such as (i) the spiral vortex flow (SVF) and (ii) two mixed or co-existing states of stationary (TVF, axisymmetric) and travelling (WTV or SVF, non-axisymmetric) waves, namely (iia) the ‘TVF$+$WTV’ and (iib) the ‘TVF$+$SVF’ states, are found, with the former as a primary bifurcation from CCF. While the SVF state appears both in the ramp-up and ramp-down experiments as in the work of Majji et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 835, 2018, pp. 936–969), new co-existing patterns are found only during the ramp-up protocol. The secondary bifurcation TVF $\leftrightarrow$ WTV is found to be hysteretic or sub-critical for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\geqslant 0.1$. In general, there is a reduction in the value of the critical Reynolds number, i.e. $Re_{c}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\neq 0)<Re_{c}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0)$, for both primary and secondary transitions. The wave speeds of both travelling waves (WTV and SVF) are approximately half of the rotational velocity of the inner cylinder, with negligible dependence on $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$. The analysis of the radial–axial velocity field reveals that the Taylor vortices in a suspension are asymmetric and become increasingly anharmonic, with enhanced radial transport, with increasing particle loading. Instantaneous streamline patterns on the axial–radial plane confirm that the stationary Taylor vortices can indeed co-exist either with axially propagating spiral vortices or azimuthally propagating wavy Taylor vortices – their long-time stability is demonstrated. It is shown that the azimuthal velocity is considerably altered for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\geqslant 0.05$, resembling shear-band type profiles, even in the CCF regime (i.e. at sub-critical Reynolds numbers) of suspension TCF; its possible role on the genesis of observed patterns as well as on the torque scaling is discussed.
Unified theory for a sheared gas–solid suspension: from rapid granular suspension to its small-Stokes-number limit
Authors: Alam M. , Saha S. , Gupta R. 
Published: May 2019

A non-perturbative nonlinear theory for moderately dense gas–solid suspensions is outlined within the framework of the Boltzmann–Enskog equation by extending the work of Saha & Alam (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 833, 2017, pp. 206–246). A linear Stokes’ drag law is adopted for gas–particle interactions, and the viscous dissipation due to hydrodynamic interactions is incorporated in the second-moment equation via a density-corrected Stokes number. For the homogeneous shear flow, the present theory provides a unified treatment of dilute to dense suspensions of highly inelastic particles, encompassing the high-Stokes-number rapid granular regime ($St\rightarrow \infty$) and its small-Stokes-number counterpart, with quantitative agreement for all transport coefficients. It is shown that the predictions of the shear viscosity and normal-stress differences based on existing theories deteriorate markedly with increasing density as well as with decreasing Stokes number and restitution coefficient.
Community insurance versus compulsory insurance: competing paradigms of no-fault accident compensation in New Zealand
Authors: Connell Simon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a history of New Zealand's accident compensation scheme as a struggle between two competing normative paradigms that justify the core reform of the replacement of civil actions for victims of personal injury with a comprehensive no-fault scheme. Under ‘community insurance’, the scheme represents the community taking moral and practical responsibility for members who are injured in accidents, while for ‘compulsory insurance’ the scheme is a specific form of compulsory accident insurance. Understanding the history of the scheme in this way helps explain both the persistence of the scheme and important changes made to it by different governments.
Dependents or Dissidents? The Atlantic Provinces in Canada's Constitutional Reform Process, 1967–1992
Authors: Finbow Robert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article reviews the positions taken by the Atlantic provinces in Canadian constitutional reform negotiations over the past 25 years. It is based on public statements and documents and interviews with advisors to Atlantic governments. The stereotypes of regional dependence on federal transfers and conservative political culture are challenged as explanations for Atlantic constitutional positions. Atlantic leaders have not acted as dependents of Ottawa. While seeking to preserve federal authority in fiscal and regional policy, these provinces have sought to make it more responsive through guarantees for equalization and regional development, and through more regionally sensitive intrastate institutions. In some fields, preserved or enhanced provincial authority has been sought. And at key junctures, regional leaders and populations have opposed and blocked federal government preferences. Conservative values are not evident in regional support for rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms or aboriginal self-government, among other relatively progressive positions. Differences among these provinces and between individual leaders, plus a shortage of bureaucratic resources in intergovernmental affairs, have limited the coherence and effectiveness of Atlantic interventions at times. While no common regional position has emerged, certain key goals are reasserted frequently. Selected reforms to intrastate institutions and the interstate division of powers have been sought to facilitate the use of both federal and provincial authority to end these provinces’ “have-not” status.
Les fonctions argumentatives de la référence aux personnes dans le débat politique télévisé: le débat Bourassa-Parizeau d'octobre 1992
Authors: Gauthier Gilles 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn televised political debates, opponents refer to different types of persons. This article examines references to persons and the arguments emerging from them. First of all, four main types of reference are identified: self-reference, reference to an opponent, reference to third parties and reference to experts. The article identifies the fallacies and particularly the different typesof ad hominemarguments used by Robert Bourassa and Jacques Parizeau in referring to persons during a debate on the Canadian constitutional referendum of October 1992. Finally, a few theoretical considerations are developed on "peripheral" argumentation of political communication.
Cheerleader or Critic? Television News Coverage in Canada and the United States of the US Invasion of Panama
Authors: Soderlund Walter C. , Wagenberg Ronald H. , Pemberton Ian C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe role of mass media in reporting United States military operations is a subject on which there is considerable interest as well as diversity of opinion. The significance of media coverage has been recognized by both supporters and opponents of American use of military force to achieve foreign policy objectives. However, analysts disagree on whether the media tend to be supportive or critical of such ventures.This study examines the above question with respect to the US invasion of Panama which began on December 20, 1989. Coverage of the invasion by three American networks (ABC, CBS and NBC) and two Canadian networks (CBC and CTV) in their major nightly television newscasts was compared for a 23-day period from December 15, 1989 to January 6, 1990. The data set picks up material on Panama beginning five days prior to the invasion and continues for three days following the surrender of General Noriega. In total 197 news stories are analyzed.Examined in the study are factors such as volume of coverage (number of stories and running time); placement of items in the newscast; substantive issues given prominence; news sources utilized, and whether these sources were favourable or unfavourable toward US foreign policy positions; positive and negative “images” presented of the key actors involved in the invasion (Manuel Noriega, Guillermo Endara and George Bush); and whether overall, in both text and visual impact, the story was likely to be interpreted as either pro- or anti-invasion by viewers.
Danian Mollusks from the Prince Creek Formation, Northern Alaska, and Implications for Arctic Ocean Paleogeography
Authors: Marincovich Louie 
Published: May 2019

The marine molluscan fauna of the Prince Creek Formation near Ocean Point, northern Alaska, is of Danian age. It is the only diverse and abundant Danian molluscan fauna known from the Arctic Ocean realm, and is the first evidence for an indigenous Paleocene shallow-water biota within a discrete Arctic Ocean Basin faunal province.A high percentage of endemic species, and two endemic genera, emphasize the degree to which the Arctic Ocean was geographically isolated from the world ocean during the earliest Tertiary. Many of the well-preserved Ocean Point mollusks, however, also occur in Danian faunas of the North American Western Interior, the Canadian Arctic Islands, Svalbard, and northwestern Europe, and are the basis for relating this Arctic Ocean fauna to that of the Danian world ocean.The Arctic Ocean was a Danian refugium for some genera that became extinct elsewhere during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. At the same time, this nearly landlocked ocean fostered the evolution of new taxa that later in the Paleogene migrated into the world ocean by way of the northeastern Atlantic. The first Cenozoic occurrences are reported for the bivalvesIntegricardium(Integricardium),Oxytoma(Hypoxytoma),Placunopsis, Tancredia(Tancredia), andTellinimera, and the oldest Cenozoic records given for the bivalvesGari(Garum),Neilo, andYoldia(Cnesterium). Among the 25 species in the molluscan fauna are four new gastropod species,Amauropsis fetteri, Ellipsoscapha sohli, Mathilda(Fimbriatella)amundseni, andPolinices(Euspira)repenningi, two new bivalve genera,ArcticlamandMytilon, and 15 new bivalve species,Arcticlam nanseni, Corbula(Caryocorbula)betsyae, Crenella kannoi, Cyrtodaria katieae, Gari(Garum)brouwersae, Integricardium(Integricardium)keenae, Mytilon theresae, Neilo gryci, Nucula(Nucula)micheleae, Nuculana(Jupiteria)moriyai, Oxytoma(Hypoxytoma)hargrovei, Placunopsis rothi, Tancredia(Tancredia)slavichi, Tellinimera kauffmani, andYoldia(Cnesterium)gladenkovi.
Who is almighty?
Authors: KODAJ DANIEL 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPeter Geach recommended conceiving of God as almighty, not as omnipotent. I argue that Geach's heuristic explanation of almightiness does not provide a workable definition, and I propose one on his behalf. The resulting notion turns out to have precisely those theoretical virtues that Geach advertised: it is immune to the logical puzzles that bedevil omnipotence, and it is better suited to religious contexts than the notion of maximal power that informs typical definitions of omnipotence.
MINORANZE E SICUREZZA NAZIONALE IN MEDIO ORIENTE
Authors: Colombo Alessandro 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneL'invasione del Kuwait e la guerra civile seguita alla sconfitta dell'Iraq hanno inferto un duro colpo alle semplificazioni più comuni della situazione mediorientale; quella, caratteristica delle fasi acute di tensione bipolare, che collocava le cause del conflitto fuori della regione, nella competizione Est/Ovest; quella, non meno parziale, centrata sul conflitto arabo-israeliano, che riportava all'interno del Medio Oriente le radici dell'instabilità ma non rinunciava a ricondurle tutte ad una sola; quella più recente, infine, del «nuovo ordine internazionale», che proprio dal «discorso» bipolare deduceva che, una volta venuto meno il conflitto tra le superpotenze, anche i conflitti regionali si sarebbero avviati a soluzione.
IL NUOVO SISTEMA ELETTORALE ITALIANO: QUALI OPPORTUNITÀ?
Authors: D'Alimonte Roberto , Chiaramonte Alessandro 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl sistema elettorale è un complesso di regole che governano la traduzione delle preferenze in voti e dei voti in seggi (Rae 1971, 14) e, in quanto tale, costituisce al contempo un vincolo ed una risorsa per tutti coloro - elettori, partiti, candidati - i quali, a vario titolo, concorrono a determinare la rappresentanza politica. In altre parole, esso contribuisce a modellare la struttura delle opportunità di quegli attori, il tipo di competizione che prevale a livello del sistema partitico e, in certi casi, l'espressione stessa delle preferenze elettorali.
Loanleven: Analysis of Green Stained Bone Fragments
Authors: O’Berg Alan 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionThe bone fragments from Loanleven had several areas of green staining on their surfaces. They were analysed elementally to determine whether copper was present in the stained areas which might suggest that they were due to corrosion of a copper object.MethodThe bone fragments were analysed quantitatively without sampling or surface preparation using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF). A Rhodium target X-ray tube run at an accelerating voltage of 46KV was used to produce the primary X-ray beam which was collimated to give an elliptical irradiated area on the surface of the specimen about 1 mm x 1.5 mm.
Distinct and interactive contributions of physical abuse, socioeconomic disadvantage, and negative life events to children's social, cognitive, and affective adjustment
Authors: Okun Alexandra , Parker Jeffrey G. , Levendosky Alytia A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPast research highlights the importance of considering the sequelae of physical abuse in the context of other risk factors and possible exacerbating circumstances. The present research examines the relative, unique, and interactive effects of physical abuse, sociocultural disadvantage, and cumulative negative life events. Multiple measures and data sources were used to assess the socioeconomic circumstances, exposure to recent negative events, and social, cognitive, and affective adjustment of 19 physically abused and 49 nonabused elementary school-age children. Results indicated that abuse strongly independently predicted problems in children's adjustment with peers, self-perceptions, and depression. Abuse was also related to increased behavioral problems at home and at school, though this relation abated and even reversed itself as social disadvantage increased. Cumulative negative events independently predicted negative self-perceptions and, for girls, increased depression. Socioeconomic hardship was independently related to children's cognitive maturity. In addition, socioeconomic disadvantage qualified the relation between negative events and children's adjustment to peers, such that increased negative events were related to lower peer adjustment among less disadvantaged children but increased peer adjustment of children with more disadvantage. These results support calls for a more contextualized approach to examining the developmental outcomes of physical abuse, one that considers multiple risk factors simultaneously.
“A PLACE SO FAR REMOVED”: DYNASTY AND RITUAL IN MONUMENTS FROM CHINKULTIC, CHIAPAS, MEXICO
Authors: Earley Caitlin C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe site of Chinkultic in Chiapas, Mexico, remains largely absent from discussions of Classic Maya history and culture, despite a long history of excavation and a substantial corpus of monumental sculpture. This paper explores two groups of sculptures from Chinkultic, photographed using raking-light photographic techniques in 2011 and 2013. Sculptures in the first group depict royal accession and suggest that the rulers of Chinkultic acceded the throne as warriors. The second group of monuments demonstrates a ritual tradition involving rulers and subordinate individuals. Based on analysis of these groups, I argue that Chinkultic was home to consistent artistic programming that performed an elite identity based on warfare and control over surrounding people and places. Combined, these sculptures demonstrate artistic connections between Chinkultic and the Usumacinta region, provide a new window into the sociopolitical history of the Comitán valley, and reflect the innovative artistic programs of frontier places in ancient Mesoamerica.
MAZAPAN-STYLE FIGURINES AT EL PALACIO AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR EARLY POSTCLASSIC REGIONAL INTERACTIONS IN NORTHERN MICHOACAN
Authors: Forest Marion , Jadot Elsa , Testard Juliette 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA series of figurines, known in the archaeological literature as Mazapan-style, was recently discovered at the site of El Palacio, Michoacan, Mexico, in strata radiocarbon dated from the Early Postclassic (a.d.900–1200/1250). Considered diagnostic markers for Early Postclassic cultural and economic dynamics, these artifacts raise questions regarding the role of this settlement at both regional and interregional scales prior to the rise of the Tarascan state. We study the specimens found at El Palacio through a thorough examination of the archaeological contexts, technological and iconographic characteristics, and compare them to cases from the literature. By demonstrating their local production and their association with other artifacts or iconographic traits characteristic of the Early “Postclassic international style,” we bring new elements to the definition of these artifacts and underline the capacity of local elites to connect culturally and economically with other regions of Mesoamerica.
Annotation projection for temporal information extraction
Authors: Giannella Chris R. , Winder Ransom K. , Jubinski Joseph P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractApproaches to building temporal information extraction systems typically rely on large, manually annotated corpora. Thus, porting these systems to new languages requires acquiring large corpora of manually annotated documents in the new languages. Acquiring such corpora is difficult owing to the complexity of temporal information extraction annotation. One strategy for addressing this difficulty is to reduce or eliminate the need for manually annotated corpora through annotation projection. This technique utilizes a temporal information extraction system for a source language (typically English) to automatically annotate the source language side of a parallel corpus. It then uses automatically generated word alignments to project the annotations, thereby creating noisily annotated target language training data. We developed an annotation projection technique for producing target language temporal information extraction systems. We carried out an English (source) to French (target) case study wherein we compared a French temporal information extraction system built using annotation projection with one built using a manually annotated French corpus. While annotation projection has been applied to building other kinds of Natural Language Processing tools (e.g., Named Entity Recognizers), to our knowledge, this is the first paper examining annotation projection as applied to temporal information extraction where no manual corrections of the target language annotations were made. We found that, even using manually annotated data to build a temporal information extraction system, F-scores were relatively low (<0.35), which suggests that the problem is challenging even with manually annotated data. Our annotation projection approach performed well (relative to the system built from manually annotated data) on some aspects of temporal information extraction (e.g., event–document creation time temporal relation prediction), but it performed poorly on the other kinds of temporal relation prediction (e.g., event–event and event–time).
A risk calculator to predict adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: generation and external validation in three birth cohorts and one clinical sample
Authors: Caye A. , Agnew-Blais J. , Arseneault L. , Gonçalves H. , Kieling C. , Langley K. , Menezes A. M. B. , Moffitt T. E. , Passos I. C. , Rocha T. B. , Sibley M. H. , Swanson J. M. , Thapar A. , Wehrmeister F. , Rohde L. A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aim
Few personalised medicine investigations have been conducted for mental health. We aimed to generate and validate a risk tool that predicts adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods
Using logistic regression models, we generated a risk tool in a representative population cohort (ALSPAC – UK, 5113 participants, followed from birth to age 17) using childhood clinical and sociodemographic data with internal validation. Predictors included sex, socioeconomic status, single-parent family, ADHD symptoms, comorbid disruptive disorders, childhood maltreatment, ADHD symptoms, depressive symptoms, mother's depression and intelligence quotient. The outcome was defined as a categorical diagnosis of ADHD in young adulthood without requiring age at onset criteria. We also tested Machine Learning approaches for developing the risk models: Random Forest, Stochastic Gradient Boosting and Artificial Neural Network. The risk tool was externally validated in the E-Risk cohort (UK, 2040 participants, birth to age 18), the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil, 3911 participants, birth to age 18) and the MTA clinical sample (USA, 476 children with ADHD and 241 controls followed for 16 years from a minimum of 8 and a maximum of 26 years old).

Results
The overall prevalence of adult ADHD ranged from 8.1 to 12% in the population-based samples, and was 28.6% in the clinical sample. The internal performance of the model in the generating sample was good, with an area under the curve (AUC) for predicting adult ADHD of 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–0.83). Calibration plots showed good agreement between predicted and observed event frequencies from 0 to 60% probability. In the UK birth cohort test sample, the AUC was 0.75 (95% CI 0.71–0.78). In the Brazilian birth cohort test sample, the AUC was significantly lower –0.57 (95% CI 0.54–0.60). In the clinical trial test sample, the AUC was 0.76 (95% CI 0.73–0.80). The risk model did not predict adult anxiety or major depressive disorder. Machine Learning approaches did not outperform logistic regression models. An open-source and free risk calculator was generated for clinical use and is available online at https://ufrgs.br/prodah/adhd-calculator/.

Conclusions
The risk tool based on childhood characteristics specifically predicts adult ADHD in European and North-American population-based and clinical samples with comparable discrimination to commonly used clinical tools in internal medicine and higher than most previous attempts for mental and neurological disorders. However, its use in middle-income settings requires caution.