bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns in sub‐Arctic benthos: multiscale analysis reveals structural differences between community components
Authors: Silberberger Marc J. , Renaud Paul E. , Buhl‐Mortensen Lene , Ellingsen Ingrid H. , Reiss Henning 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn important goal for ecosystem‐based management is to protect marine habitats and their associated fauna. Understanding the spatial structure and interrelationships of benthic communities and their underlying environmental drivers, therefore, is of great importance. The benthic community off the sub‐Arctic Lofoten‐Vesterålen islands was studied on multiple spatial scales, using theMEM(Moran's eigenvector maps) framework to identify spatial structure in broadscale (hundreds of kilometers), mesoscale (20 km), and fine‐scale (1.5 km) epifaunal and infaunal communities. A combination of eigenvector‐based multivariate analyses and variation partitioning on multiple sets of explanatory variables was used to identify characteristic species and environmental drivers that have a high importance in structuring the communities. Community structure of both epifauna and infauna strongly reflected the boundary of warm Atlantic (>0.5°C) and cold Arctic water masses (<0.5°C), which coincides approximately with the 800‐m isobath in this region. Apart from this dominant broadscale determinant, epifauna and infauna displayed different spatial patterns and drivers. Both components differ significantly across local marine landscapes; however, this characterization is not sufficient for infauna, where additional sediment characteristics play an important role in structuring the community across all spatial scales. Within marine landscapes (mesoscale), epifauna displays a spatial structure that, for the most part, could not be attributed to any of the included environmental drivers. The case of the Lofoten‐Vesterålen region demonstrated that the used analysis is a valuable tool in spatial planning, as it allows for comparison of the relative importance of individual environmental drivers for the studied faunal components, without losing the information about spatial patterns associated with individual drivers.
Quantifying fear effects on prey demography in nature
Authors: Peers Michael J. L. , Majchrzak Yasmine N. , Neilson Eric , Lamb Clayton T. , Hämäläinen Anni , Haines Jessica A. , Garland Laura , Doran‐Myers Darcy , Broadley Kate , Boonstra Rudy , Boutin Stan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn recent years, it has been argued that the effect of predator fear exacts a greater demographic toll on prey populations than the direct killing of prey. However, efforts to quantify the effects of fear have primarily relied on experiments that replace predators with predator cues. Interpretation of these experiments must consider two important caveats: (1) the magnitude of experimenter‐induced predator cues may not be realistically comparable to those of the prey's natural sensory environment, and (2) given functional predators are removed from the treatments, the fear effect is measured in the absence of any consumptive effects, a situation which never occurs in nature. We contend that demographic consequences of fear in natural populations may have been overestimated because the intensity of predator cues applied by experimenters in the majority of studies has been unnaturally high, in some instances rarely occurring in nature without consumption. Furthermore, the removal of consumption from the treatments creates the potential situation that individual prey in poor condition (those most likely to contribute strongly to the observed fear effects via starvation or reduced reproductive output) may have been consumed by predators in nature prior to the expression of fear effects, thus confounding consumptive and fear effects. Here, we describe an alternative treatment design that does not utilize predator cues, and in so doing, better quantifies the demographic effect of fear on wild populations. This treatment substitutes the traditional cue experiment where consumptive effects are eliminated and fear is simulated with a design where fear is removed and consumptive effects are simulated through the experimental removal of prey. Comparison to a natural population would give a more robust estimate of the effect of fear in the presence of consumption on the demographic variable of interest. This approach represents a critical advance in quantifying the mechanistic pathways through which predation structures ecological communities. Discussing the merits of both treatments will motivate researchers to go beyond simply describing the existence of fear effects and focus on testing their true magnitude in wild populations and natural communities.
BATF regulates the expression of Nfil3, Wnt10a and miR155hg for efficient induction of antibody class switch recombination in mice
Authors: Morman Rosemary E. , Schweickert Patrick G. , Konieczny Stephen F. , Taparowsky Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBATF functions in T cells and B cells to control the host response to antigen and promote the production of class switched immunoglobulins. In this study, we demonstrate that BATF expression increases rapidly, and transiently, following B cell stimulation and use an inducible murine model of BATF deletion to show that this induction is necessary, and sufficient, for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR). We examine two genes (Nfil3 and miR155gh) that are positively regulated, and one gene (Wnt10a) that is negatively regulated by BATF during CSR. These genes play essential roles in CSR and each impacts the expression and/or function of the others. Our observations allow these targets of BATF regulation to be positioned in a network upstream of the activation of germline transcripts (GLT) from the IgH locus and of transcriptional activation of Aicda – the gene encoding the enzyme directing Ig gene rearrangements. This work extends the knowledge of the molecular control of CSR and, importantly, positions the induction and function of BATF as an early event in this process.
Micro‐Tubular Flow Cell Design Utilizing Commercial Hollow Fiber Dialysis Membranes for Size‐Exclusion Based Flow Batteries
Authors: Stolze C. , Janoschka T. , Winsberg J. , Strumpf M. , Hager M. D. , Schubert U. S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA micro‐tubular flow cell (μTFC) is presented as a novel approach for flow cell design, which differs from previous tubular approaches by its lower cell diameter (3 mm) and half‐cell thicknesses (≤850 μm). Analytical expressions for the ohmic resistances of both micro‐tubular and conventional filter‐press flow cells (cFFC) are derived, which imply that optimized μTFCs can be expected to have an at least two‐fold lower ohmic resistance compared to equally sized cFFCs in the future. The theoretical findings motivate the experimental realization of a first μTFC single‐cell unit to investigate the basic feasibility of this approach. This investigation is enabled by the utilization of a redox‐active polymer in conjunction with a commercially available micro‐tubular dialysis membrane (diameter: 1 mm). Aqueous solutions of poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐4‐yl methacrylate‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (positive half‐cell) and the Zn/Zn2+ redox couple (negative half‐cell) are utilized as model electrolytes to examine the electrochemical performances of this first μTFC prototype. Furthermore, the common usage of area current densities based on the geometric area of the flow cell is critically discussed. A current density based on the cell volume is suggested as a less ambiguous and, hence, a more reliable parameter for performance evaluation.
Evaluating erosion control practices in an actively gullying watershed in the highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Getaneh K. , Addisie Meseret B. , Langendoen Eddy J. , Tegegne Nigus H. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Moges Mamaru A. , Nicholson Charles F. , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSoil erosion, with significant contributions from gullies, is a serious problem in the Ethiopian highlands. The objective of this paper is to examine patterns of discharge and sediment transport in the Ethiopian highlands, and to provide an initial assessment of whether soil and water conservation practices (SWCP) can reduce sediment loads in watersheds with actively eroding gullies. The study was conducted in the 414‐ha Ene‐Chilala watershed with a unimodal sub‐humid monsoon climate and actively eroding gullies in the valley bottoms. In 2013 and 2014, the local community was mandated to install upland infiltration furrows and farmers voluntarily rehabilitated six gully heads and protected 16 m of eroding stream banks. Discharge and sediment concentration were measured in two upslope watersheds and at the outlet. Since median infiltration capacity in the uplands was always greater than the rainfall intensity, saturation excess and interflow were main runoff pathways. After 175 mm cumulative rainfall, the groundwater table reached the surface in the valley bottoms, restricting infiltration, and runoff was generated as saturation excess overland flow and flowed through active gullies out of the watershed. Upland rill erosion on ploughed land early in the rain phase, and gully erosion in saturated valley bottoms thereafter, were sources of sediment in the rivers. The mandated infiltration furrows installed on the contour overtopped and damaged cropland. The off‐contour furrows increased streamflow. Gully rehabilitation of an upland gully effectively reduced stream sediment concentration in the upland weir. However, there was little benefit at the watershed outlet since the stream picked up the unconsolidated sediment from the failing banks in the downstream porting of the watershed. Therefore, soil conservation programs that in addition to installing upland practices, rehabilitate the main sediment source (gullies) appear to be the most effective approach to reducing in‐stream suspended sediment concentrations. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint distributed cell association and interference management in OFDMA‐based heterogeneous networks
Authors: Chinipardaz Maryam , Noorhosseini Majid 
Published: June 2018

AbstractConsidering the ever‐growing demand for network traffic, increasing the capacity of cellular networks has always been a necessity. Heterogeneous cellular networks using small‐scale base stations in addition to macro base stations (BSs) are a low cost and effective solution to this problem. The diversity of the BSs in heterogeneous networks, however, has raised new issues in terms of cell association and interference management compared with the traditional single‐tier networks. Devising novel and effective methods for cell association and resource allocation in these networks is currently an open and developing problem. This paper addresses cell and subband association in the downlink of orthogonal frequency‐division multiple‐access heterogeneous networks. Unlike the existing works in this field, our scheme maximizes network utility while preventing harmful interference for all connections in the network. Using the protocol interference model, necessary and sufficient constraints for preventing interference in cellular networks are presented. By choosing the appropriate interference constraint, the joint problem of cell and subband association is formulated as an integer optimization problem. After simplifying the optimization problem, an equivalent linear problem is obtained. Using one‐level dual decomposition, an iterative algorithm with a near‐optimal solution has been devised. A distributed protocol is then presented, in which each user and each BS requires only its own local data to determine its connection for service. The simulation results demonstrate the algorithm behavior and confirm the efficiency and near‐optimality of the proposed solution.
Correlates of depressive symptoms among older adults living with HIV
Authors: Avila‐Funes José Alberto , Zamudio‐Rodríguez Alfonso , Muñoz‐Nevárez Luis Arnoldo , Belaunzarán‐Zamudio Pablo Francisco , Díaz‐Ramos Julio Alberto , Alcala‐Zermeno Juan Luis , Ouvrard Camille , Sierra‐Madero Juan , Amieva Hélène 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo establish the correlates of depressive symptoms among Mexican community‐dwelling older people living with HIV (PLWHIV).MethodsCross‐sectional, 2‐center study of 328 participants aged 50 or older being followed in the outpatient HIV clinics of 2 tertiary care hospitals in Mexico. Data were obtained through a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the correlates of depressive symptoms.ResultsMean age of participants was 58.4 years (SD = 7.2), and 82.9% were men. Depressive symptoms were present in 15.9% of participants. The multivariate logistic regression models showed that frailty and disability for activities of daily living were both independently associated with depressive symptoms.ConclusionFrailty and disability were independent correlates of depressive symptoms in older PLWHIV. Future studies should attempt to explore the role of physical frailty and disability on psychosocial morbidity among older PLWHIV.
Long‐term impacts of early‐life exposure to malaria: Evidence from Taiwan's Eradication Campaign in the 1950s
Authors: Shih Hsiu‐Han , Lin Ming‐Jen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper utilizes the eradication campaign in Taiwan in the 1950s to estimate the long‐term impacts of early‐life (in utero and postnatal) exposure to malaria. Matching adults in the 1992–2012 Taiwan Social Change Survey to the malaria intensity in their individual place and year of birth, difference‐in‐difference estimation shows strong evidence that the eradication increased men's own educational attainment as well as their family income in adulthood. We also use the 1980 census data to show there was a sharp education increase after the eradication. Furthermore, the eradication increased the educational attainment of married men's spouses. Finally, quantile regressions show that the effect concentrated on the lower percentile of the income distribution. Overall, our results suggest negative effects of early‐life exposure to malaria.
Bad news for chordal partitions
Authors: Scott Alex , Seymour Paul , Wood David R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReed and Seymour [1998] asked whether every graph has a partition into induced connected nonempty bipartite subgraphs such that the quotient graph is chordal. If true, this would have significant ramifications for Hadwiger's Conjecture. We prove that the answer is “no.” In fact, we show that the answer is still “no” for several relaxations of the question.
Antimagic orientations of even regular graphs
Authors: Li Tong , Song Zi‐Xia , Wang Guanghui , Yang Donglei , Zhang Cun‐Quan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA labeling of a digraph D with m arcs is a bijection from the set of arcs of D to . A labeling of D is antimagic if no two vertices in D have the same vertex‐sum, where the vertex‐sum of a vertex for a labeling is the sum of labels of all arcs entering u minus the sum of labels of all arcs leaving u. Motivated by the conjecture of Hartsfield and Ringel from 1990 on antimagic labelings of graphs, Hefetz, Mütze, and Schwartz [On antimagic directed graphs, J. Graph Theory 64 (2010) 219–232] initiated the study of antimagic labelings of digraphs, and conjectured that every connected graph admits an antimagic orientation, where an orientation D of a graph G is antimagic if D has an antimagic labeling. It remained unknown whether every disjoint union of cycles admits an antimagic orientation. In this article, we first answer this question in the positive by proving that every 2‐regular graph has an antimagic orientation. We then show that for any integer , every connected, 2d‐regular graph has an antimagic orientation. Our technique is new.
Standard and line‐to‐line cementation of a polished short hip stem: Long‐term in vitro implant stability
Authors: Morellato Kavin , Grupp Thomas M. , Bader Uwe , Sungu Mevluet , Fink Bernd , Cristofolini Luca 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe current trend is toward shorter hip stems. While there is a general agreement on the need for a cement mantle thicker than 2 mm, some surgeons prefer line‐to‐line cementation, where the mantle has only the thickness provided by the cement‐bone interdigitation. The aim of this study was to assess if a relatively short, polished hip stem designed for a standard cementation can also be cemented line‐to‐line without increasing the risk of long‐term loosening. Composite femurs with specific open‐cell foam to allow cement‐bone interdigitation were used. A validated in‐vitro biomechanical cyclic test replicating long‐term physiological loading was applied to femurs where the same stem was implanted with the Standard‐mantle (optimal stem size) and Line‐to‐line (same rasp, one‐size larger stem). Implant‐bone motions were measured during the test. Inducible micromotions never exceeded 10 μm for both implant types (differences statistically not‐significant). Permanent migrations ranged 50–300 μm for both implant types (differences statistically not‐significant). While in the standard‐mantle specimens there was a pronounced trend toward stabilization, line‐to‐line had less tendency to stabilize. The cement cracks were observed after the test by means of dye penetrants: The line‐to‐line specimens included the same cracks of the standard‐mantle (but in the line‐to‐line specimens they were longer), and some additional cracks. The micromotions and cement damage were consistent with those observed in‐vitro and clinically for stable stems, confirming that none of the specimens became dramatically loose. However, it seems that for this relatively short polished stem, standard‐mantle cementation is preferable, as it results in less micromotion and less cement cracking. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2736–2744, 2018.
Improvement of bone‐tendon fixation by porous titanium interference screw: A rabbit animal model
Authors: Tsai Pei‐I , Chen Chih‐Yu , Huang Shu‐Wei , Yang Kuo‐Yi , Lin Tzu‐Hung , Chen San‐Yuan , Sun Jui‐Sheng 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe interference screw is a widely used fixation device in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgeries. Despite the generally satisfactory results, problems of using interference screws were reported. By using additive manufacturing (AM) technology, we developed an innovative titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) interference screw with rough surface and inter‐connected porous structure designs to improve the bone‐tendon fixation. An innovative Ti6Al4V interference screws were manufactured by AM technology. In vitro mechanical tests were performed to validate its mechanical properties. Twenty‐seven New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control and AM screw groups for biomechanical analyses and histological analysis at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively; while micro‐CT analysis was performed at 12 weeks postoperatively. The biomechanical tests showed that the ultimate failure load in the AM interference screw group was significantly higher than that in the control group at all tested periods. These results were also compatible with the findings of micro‐CT and histological analyses. In micro‐CT analysis, the bone‐screw gap was larger in the control group; while for the additive manufactured screw, the screw and bone growth was in close contact. In histological study, the bone‐screw gaps were wider in the control group and were almost invisible in the AM screw group. The innovative AM interference screws with surface roughness and inter‐connected porous architectures demonstrated better bone‐tendon‐implant integration, and resulted in stronger biomechanical characteristics when compared to traditional screws. These advantages can be transferred to future interference screw designs to improve their clinical performance. The AM interference screw could improve graft fixation and eventually result in better biomechanical performance of the bone‐tendon‐screw construct. The innovative AM interference screws can be transferred to future interference screw designs to improve the performance of implants. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2633–2640, 2018.
Microcalorimetric detection of staphylococcal biofilm growth on various prosthetic biomaterials after exposure to daptomycin
Authors: Ravn Christen , Ferreira Inês S. , Maiolo Elena , Overgaard Søren , Trampuz Andrej 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTPrimary aim of this in vitro study was to test the efficacy of daptomycin to eradicate staphylococcal biofilms on various orthopedic implant materials. Secondary aim was to quantitatively estimate the formation of staphylococcal biofilm. We tested six clinically important biomaterials: Cobalt chrome, pure titanium, grid‐blasted titanium, porous plasma‐coated titanium with/without hydroxyapatite, and polyethylene. Biofilms of S. aureus and S. epidermidis were formed on the samples and thereafter exposed to daptomycin. Samples were subsequently sonicated in order to detect dislodged biofilm bacteria and transferred to a microcalorimeter for real‐time measurement of growth‐related heat flow. Minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was determined as the lowest concentration of daptomycin required to eradicate biofilm bacteria on the sample. Median MBEC of S. aureus biofilm on smooth metallic surfaces was lower than the rough metallic surfaces. In experiments with S. epidermidis, no pattern was seen in relation to the surface roughness. Regarding the quantitative estimation of staphylococcal biofilm formation on the sample, we found a significantly higher amount of biofilm growth on the rough surfaces than the smooth samples and polyethylene. In conclusion, the presented study showed that daptomycin could eradicate S. aureus biofilm at lower concentrations on the smooth surfaces compared to the rough surfaces, as well as polyethylene. In experiments with daptomycin against S. epidermidis biofilms, no pattern was seen in relation to the surface roughness. Furthermore, we demonstrated a faster detection of staphylococcal heat flow due to higher biofilm quantity on the rough surfaces compared to smooth samples and polyethylene. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2809–2816, 2018.