bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case reports of oral appliance therapy on three young adults with Down syndrome and OSA
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Kohzuka Yuuya , Bennett Kathleen M. , Almeida Fernanda R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPatients with Down syndrome (DS) have a high incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) due to hypotonia, weight, underdeveloped midface, and relative macroglossia. This article presents three cases of young adults with DS, who were diagnosed with mild to severe OSA and unable to tolerate positive airway pressure therapy. These patients have been successfully treated with a custom‐made mandibular advancement device (MAD) or dual treatment with MAD and bi‐level positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. The baseline apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) of the three patients were 15.5/h, 31.8/h, and 41.3/h. The follow‐up AHI after the application of MAD in three patients was 25/h (13 months after), 6/h (ODI 4%, 57 months after), and 21.8/h (21 months after), respectively. The application of MAD to treat OSA in patients with DS is a reasonable alternative when patients refuse PAP therapy. Although MAD might be less effective than PAP therapy, significant symptomatic improvement could be found in patients with DS after oral appliance therapy. The combination of MAD and PAP can decrease the PAP pressure and therefore improve adherence. This is the first case report to show that young adult patients with DS can successfully benefit from oral appliance therapy for OSA treatment.
Challenges in management of abnormal thyroid function tests in unwell infants: A tertiary centre real‐world experience
Authors: Hobbs Annabelle , Jack Michelle , Benitez‐Aguirre Paul , Srinivasan Shubha , Wotton Tiffany , Cho Yoon Hi 
Published: December 2024

AimAbnormal thyroid function tests (TFTs) are found in a wide range of settings in hospitalised infants. This retrospective descriptive study reviewed management decisions and outcomes of these infants, identifying factors influencing clinicians' decision to treat with thyroxine.MethodsData were collected for all infants referred to the on‐call endocrinology service at a tertiary Australian centre for thyroid dysfunction between 1 July 2019 and 30 June 2021. Electronic medical records were reviewed for birth and neonatal factors, TFTs, relevant investigations, treatment and disposition.ResultsOf 124 infants referred to the service over a 2‐year period, 43% (52 out of 120) were premature, with a high rate of comorbidities, including jaundice, hypoglycaemia, respiratory distress and cardiac anomalies. About 57% (69 out of 121) of referrals to the service were from neonatal intensive care units. Investigations to evaluate hypothyroidism included nuclear thyroid scans in 40% (46 out of 114) and ultrasound in 37% (41 out of 112). Levothyroxine treatment was initiated in 66% (77 out of 117) of infants, with 63% (73 out of 117) assigned a presumptive diagnosis of transient congenital hypothyroidism. At the end of the study period, 70% (54 out of 77) remained on thyroid replacement.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the challenge clinicians face when deciding whether to treat premature and medically unwell infants with abnormal TFTs. Further prospective studies are required to determine predictors of permanent CH in this complex population.
Co‐creating the future through design thinking: Deconstructing the consumer co‐creation process
Authors: Gemser Gerda , Calabretta Giulia , Karpen Ingo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConsumer co‐creation, an approach in which consumers and organizations jointly innovate, can yield valuable knowledge about consumers' needs and how to satisfy these needs. Yet, innovating with consumers is challenging due to their varying levels of commitment, skills, and motivations. In this research, we focus on challenges we cluster as cognition‐ and affect‐driven and examine how these challenges can be addressed using a design thinking approach. Building on the insights gained from interviews with key co‐creation stakeholders (n = 73) and three focus groups with experts in design thinking and co‐creation, we develop a grounded process model facilitating co‐creation with consumers. More specifically, we distill three co‐creation phases (labeled as co‐creating context, content, and confluence), consisting of eight constituent activities and resulting dynamics that are cognitive or affective in nature. The distilled affective dynamics manifest in ideation confidence, empathy for diverse perspectives, pleasurable engagement, and being creatively inspired; the distilled cognitive dynamics manifest in an expanded knowledge base and an enhanced ability to analyze and evaluate information. Our grounded model is integrative and responds to calls to further examine affective influences within innovation and organization. Furthermore, our research advances the theoretical substance of design thinking by explaining underlying mechanisms at play that make design thinking an effective approach. Finally, our results add to the literature on consumer co‐creation by developing a robust process model that leverages design thinking and adopts a multistakeholder approach to optimize consumer co‐creation outcomes. In terms of managerial implications, our research presents a structured framework with phases and (micro)activities that will help organizations to actively involve consumers in their innovation process.
Bias and Discrimination Against Women and Parents in Semi‐Automated Hiring Systems
Authors: Njoto Sheilla , Cheong Marc , Frermann Lea , Ruppanner Leah 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTToday, organizations are increasingly relying on automated hiring. The mechanization of the hiring process is assumed to render it more neutral, but a growing literature shows algorithmic decisions are as likely to be biased (Dickson, 2018). In this study, we test two types of biases: (1) gender bias; and (2) parenting bias, (i.e., whether mothers and fathers with an extended gap to care for children are penalized vis‐à‐vis those with uninterrupted employment net of equivalent high‐impact qualifications). We apply a classic counterfactual study sending gender and parenthood manipulated CVs to 211 job advertisements across three occupations (men‐dominated, women‐dominated, and gender‐balanced, to mitigate confounding variables associated with gender composition) in the United States and measure penalty‐premium bias in response rates. Our results identify semi‐automated hiring bias against parents who took leave to care for children relative to those with uninterrupted employment. Importantly, we find fathers who have an extended parental leave were the most severely penalized, followed by mothers with an extended parental leave and women and men without parental leave respectively. Ultimately, we identify gender and parenting bias in algorithmic and human hiring decisions.
Retrospective Cohort Study of Perioperative Complications in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children Testing SARS‐CoV‐2‐Positive Within 21 Days Before Surgery
Authors: Karthic Anitra , Orgil Zandantsetseg , Kalsotra Sidhant , Cugino Michelle , Durban Adelei , Tram Nguyen K. , Rice‐Weimer Julie , Willer Brittany L. , D'Mello Ajay , Tobias Joseph D. , Olbrecht Vanessa A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCOVID‐19 increases anesthetic risk in children, but understanding of complication differences by symptom presence and severity is limited. We hypothesized that symptomatic COVID‐19+ children, especially with lower respiratory symptoms, would have higher perioperative complications than asymptomatic patients and that complications would be higher in all patients diagnosed < 6 days before anesthesia.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective cohort study reviewed records of children < 18 years old undergoing surgery with general anesthesia from March 1, 2020, to March 1, 2022, who tested COVID‐19+. A total of 225 patients who tested positive ≤ 10 days before anesthesia were analyzed for the primary outcome, and an additional 298 patients who tested positive ≤ 21 days before anesthesia were analyzed for secondary outcomes. Data on demographics, comorbidities, vaccination, preoperative and perioperative care, complications, and mortality were collected. Primary outcome analysis used univariate regression; secondary outcome analysis used analysis of variance.ResultsPrimary Outcome: Symptomatic patients were more likely to experience postoperative respiratory complications (OR: 3.53, 1.18–10.6, p = 0.024), require postoperative medications (OR: 7.64, 2.29–25.51, p = 0.001), and require postoperative oxygen support (OR: 2.62, 1.19–5.79, p = 0.017) versus asymptomatic patients. Those with upper respiratory symptoms were less likely to require postoperative medications (OR: 0.1, 0.01–0.89, p = 0.039) and oxygen support (OR: 0.08, 0.01–0.45, p = 0.004) versus those with lower respiratory symptoms. Secondary Outcome: Patients testing COVID‐19+ < 6 days before anesthesia had longer PACU stays (p < 0.001) and more postoperative respiratory complications (p = 0.001), medication use (p = 0.038), and oxygen use (p = 0.002) versus other groups.DiscussionPreoperative symptoms, especially of the lower respiratory tract, increased the risk for perioperative complications in children diagnosed with COVID‐19 within 10 days of surgery.ConclusionThe presence of symptoms, particularly of the lower respiratory tract, should be strongly considered in the shared decision‐making process between providers and families when discussing the potential delay of procedures in the setting of COVID‐19.
Epigenetic Resources: Gaps in Aquatic Animal Germplasm Research
Authors: Li Fangcheng , Zhang Junfang , Cheng Xiangbing , Cui Xinyao , Sun Jiamin , Liu Qigen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAquatic animal germplasm research plays a vital role in biodiversity conservation and sustainable aquaculture. The traditional view is that diversity of germplasm resources is commonly attributed to genetic variation. However, recent studies in transgenerational epigenetics have shown that epigenetic information can also be passed down to offspring, which is consistent with the definition of germplasm. Therefore, it is necessary to define epigenetic information, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNAs, which can be passed down through generations, as epigenetic resources and incorporate them into the concept of germplasm. Germplasm resources should include not only genetic resources but also epigenetic resources. Epigenetic variation can arise from genetic, environmental, or stochastic factors. Genetic and epigenetic variation co‐determine phenotypic traits. It has been demonstrated that epigenetic information can be inherited across generations in aquatic animals. DNA methylation, histone modification, and ncRNAs are involved in addressing environmental challenges, maintaining genetic diversity, improving breeding strategies, combating inbreeding decline, and age determination. Therefore, future research on epigenetic resources is important for germplasm conservation, development, and utilization. This review proposes a new theoretical framework to elucidate the place of epigenetic resources in germplasm research and collects articles from the past 8 years that explore the inheritance of epigenetic information in aquatic animals. Integrating epigenetic research into germplasm studies enhances our understanding of population dynamics, adaptation, and evolutionary processes, thereby informing conservation strategies and enhancing aquaculture practices. By considering both genetic and epigenetic resources, we can address the challenges facing germplasm diversity and sustainable aquaculture more comprehensively.
From Multicultural Experiment to Performing “China's Story”: Complying With Shifting Norms at a Chinese–Hungarian Bilingual School
Authors: Beck Fanni , Nyíri Pál 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAdopting a broad understanding of compliance as adherence to norms, this study examines the role of the Chinese–Hungarian Bilingual School in Budapest in the propagation of institutional, educational, and civic norms, through an anthropological inquiry into the discourses and practices embraced and enacted by teachers, parents, and students. Set up by bilateral agreement between China and another state, the school we discuss is a unique K‐12 educational institution that exemplifies both the potential and the complexity of harnessing education for the globalization of Chinese institutional, educational, and civic norms. Against the background of Hungary's “Opening to the East” and China's “going global,” we situate our study at the intersection of foreign propaganda, institutional globalization, and education. The node of contact created by the encounter between the Chinese and Hungarian education systems, each struggling with their own paradoxes and mediated by China's overlapping frameworks of foreign propaganda and overseas Chinese policies, stands at the center of our inquiry. By analyzing the daily interactions among students, parents, and educators, the article focuses on the borrowing, appropriation, rejection, and coexistence of dual sets of norms. In contrast to Confucius Institutes, where interaction is typically between Chinese instructors and non‐Chinese students, the school, with its diverse community of Chinese and Hungarian educators, parents, and students, fosters a complex environment where Chinese teachers and students actively participate in norm propagation while also being influenced by it. Similarly, Hungarian teachers and students emerge as active contributors beyond their role as recipients, showing the context‐dependent and oftentimes unexpected nature of the adoption or rejection of norms.
The effect of incarceration on political beliefs for vulnerable populations
Authors: Martinez Hope 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis article examines whether incarceration influences a change in political beliefs for those incarcerated and the extent to which it affects more vulnerable groups, including women and people of color.MethodI use a series of logit models to analyze responses to the Marshall Project's 2020 prison survey.ResultsMy analysis reveals a significant change in political beliefs since being incarcerated. There is an increased effect of changing political beliefs for women and people of color incarcerated. The effect reveals that people of color are becoming, either for the first time or further aligned, with the Republican Party since being incarcerated.ConclusionThe experience of violence and abuse while incarcerated extends the tools of white supremacy in the prison system by influencing feelings of shame, hopelessness, and cultural inferiority, further aligning vulnerable groups to conservatism and whiteness. My Incapacitation theory begins to explain the change in political beliefs due to the carceral system's use of incapacitation and its long‐term effect on political behavior of incarcerated groups.
Clinical Applicability of 2‐Field High‐Resolution and Extended HLA‐Allele Typing in Deceased Donor Kidney Allocation
Authors: Lim Zhan , Taverniti Anne , Downing Jonathan , Le Cindy , Lopez Pedro , Larkins Nicholas , Chan Doris , Chakera Aron , D'Orsogna Lloyd , Krishnan Anoushka , Chau Matthew , Ooi Esther , Boroumand Farzaneh , Teixeira‐Pinto Armando , Gately Ryan , Sharma Ankit , Wong Germaine , Lim Wai H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHLA‐compatibility remains an important triage test for deceased donor kidney allocation. Low–intermediate resolution donor HLA‐typing is typically available at allocation, but its accuracy in assigning pre‐transplant donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibody (DSA) and HLA mismatches compared to 2‐field high‐resolution typing is poorly characterised. Consecutive deceased donor/recipient pairs from a single centre between 2016 and 2020 were included. Majority of donor typing at HLA‐ABDRB1 loci were performed at low–intermediate resolution, with 2‐field high‐resolution NGS typing across extended loci performed by NGS‐technique post‐transplantation. We compared the two typing methods for (1) accuracy of pre‐transplant DSA assignment; (2) misassignment of HLA‐antigen/allele mismatches and performance of each model for acute rejection and (3) proportion of recipients who developed de novo DSA (dnDSA) when matched at antigen but mismatched at allele level. Of 179 deceased donor/recipient pairs, 157 donors had low–intermediate resolution typing and 22 with high‐resolution ONT typing. Sixty‐two recipients (35%) had potential pre‐transplant DSAs, with incorrect assignment of allele‐specific Class I and II actual DSAs in 31% and 53% of cases, respectively. NGS typing identified 59 (33%) additional HLA‐DRB1 allele mismatches. ONT typing accurately assigned pre‐transplant DSAs and allele mismatches in all cases. Seven (4%) recipients with antigen/allele level discordance developed dnDSAs, majority HLA‐DQ antibodies. Two‐field high‐resolution donor HLA typing may provide a more accurate transplant immunological risk assessment and identify those at risk of developing dnDSA to matched HLA antigen.
Identification of HLA‐B*13:01:01:12 by Next Generation Sequencing in Indian Population
Authors: Agarwal Samir , Kumari Shikha , Jaiswal Nisha , Kumar Vineeth , Kumar Rajnesh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHLA‐B*13:01:01:12 differs from HLA‐B*13:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide.
Assessment of change in end‐tidal CO2 after fluid challenge as a marker of fluid responsiveness as measured by the aortic velocity time integral in healthy anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs
Authors: Tarragona Lisa , Donati Pablo A. , Zaccagnini Andrea S. , Díaz Alfredo J. , Ceballos Martín R. , Nigro Nestor M. , Fuensalida Santiago E. , Otero Pablo E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate if variation in the end‐tidal CO2 partial pressure (∆Petco2) after a fluid challenge could predict fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 70% in healthy anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs.DesignDiagnostic accuracy study.SettingUniversity hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐seven dogs admitted for neutering.InterventionsTo obtain a balanced sample between fluid responder and nonresponder dogs, a 10‐mL/kg lactated Ringer's solution was administered over 15 minutes to half of the population before the baseline measurements. All animals then received a fluid challenge of 10 mL/kg lactated Ringer's solution in 5 minutes.Measurements and Main ResultsThe velocity–time integral of aortic blood flow (VTIAo) was evaluated with Doppler echocardiography before and after a fluid challenge to classify the included dogs as fluid responders or nonresponders. Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase of ≥15% of the VTIAo after the fluid challenge. Petco2 was evaluated at 1, 5, and 10 (T1, T5, T10) minutes after fluid expansion. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis was used to assess the ability of ∆Petco2 to predict fluid responsiveness at different time points. A total of 13 dogs were fluid responders, and 14 were nonresponders. The best predictive capacity for ∆Petco2 was observed at T10. The AUROC with its 95% confidence interval (CI) for ∆Petco2 at T10 was 0.75 (0.56–0.93), with a sensitivity of 84.62% (95% CI, 54.60–98.10), a specificity of 64.29% (95% CI, 35.10–87.20), a positive predictive value of 68.80% (95% CI, 41.30–89.00), and a negative predictive value of 81.80% (95% CI, 48.20–97.70). The optimal cutoff was 1 mm Hg.ConclusionsThe current study showed that, although minimal, ∆Petco2 predicted fluid responsiveness in the dogs studied.
Understanding the Impact of Applying Large Language Model in Engineering Design Education
Authors: Zhang Chonghui , Zhao Yaoyao Fiona , El Haddad Randous 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the contemporary era of engineering education, the integration of large language models, offers a novel perspective on enhancing the design process. This study investigates the impact of ChatGPT-3.5 on mechanical engineering design education, focusing on concept generation and detailed modeling. By comparing outcomes from artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted groups to those without AI assistance, our research reveals that AI significantly broadens concept generation diversity but also introduces bias for existing popular designs. Additionally, while AI aids in suggesting functions for computer-aided design (CAD) modeling, its textual nature and the occurrence of unreliable responses limit its usefulness in detailed CAD modeling tasks, highlighting the irreplaceable value of traditional learning materials and hands-on practice. The study concludes that AI should serve as a complement to, rather than a replacement for, traditional design education. Additionally, it highlights the necessity for further specialization within AI to enhance its effectiveness.
Antibacterial and antifungal drug concentrations in intra-abdominal abscesses: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Cancela Costa Alicia , Grass Fabian , Andres Cano Ignacio , Desgranges Florian , Delabays Constant , Kritikos Antonios , Glampedakis Emmanouil , Buclin Thierry , Duran Rafael , Guery Benoit , Pagani Jean-Luc , Uldry Emilie , Decosterd Laurent Arthur , Lamoth Frederic 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Secondary peritonitis with intra-abdominal abscesses (IAA) is difficult to treat because of the supposed low rate of penetration of antimicrobial drugs at the site of infection. However, clinical data about the actual bioavailability of antimicrobial drugs in IAA are scarce. This prospective observational study aimed at assessing the drug penetration in IAA of the antibiotics (piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems) and antifungals (fluconazole, echinocandins) that are usually recommended for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections. Patients with IAA who underwent a radiological or surgical drainage procedure were included. Antimicrobial drug concentrations were measured in IAA (C
IAA
) and in a simultaneous plasma sample (C
plasma
) to assess the C
IAA
/C
plasma
ratio. The pharmacodynamic target was defined as a C
IAA
equal or superior to the clinical breakpoints of susceptibility of the most relevant intra-abdominal pathogens. Clinical outcomes were assessed at hospital discharge. A total of 54 antimicrobial drug measurements were performed in 39 IAA samples originating from 36 patients. Despite important inter-individual variability, piperacillin-tazobactam exhibited the highest C
IAA
/C
plasma
ratios (median 2). The rates of target achievement were 75%–80% for piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem but 0% for imipenem and ertapenem. These results tended to correlate with clinical outcomes (96% success rate versus 73%, respectively,
P
= 0.07). Among antifungals, fluconazole exhibited higher C
IAA
/C
plasma
ratios and rates of target achievement compared to echinocandins. However, no differences in clinical outcomes were observed. These results provide unique information about antimicrobial drug penetration in IAA in real clinical conditions and suggest that piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem may have better efficacy compared to imipenem or ertapenem.
Development of a Diagnostic System for Studying Plasma Processes in the Magnetic Nozzle of an Electrodeless Plasma Rocket Thruster Prototype
Authors: Bragin E. Yu. , Bunin E. A. , Gusev S. S. , Zhil’tsov V. A. , Kazeev M. N. , Kamin D. V. , Kozlov V. F. , Korobtsev S. V. , Kostrichenko I. A. , Kutuzov D. S. , Spitsyn A. V. , Sukhov A. E. , Shchurovskii D. O. , Yanchenkov S. V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An approach is proposed to creating a diagnostic system for studying the main plasma processes (acceleration and detachment of the plasma flow from the magnetic field lines) in the magnetic nozzle of an electrodeless plasma rocket thruster. The diagnostic system has been developed for the PN-3 setup, an electrodeless plasma rocket thruster prototype, in which this approach has been implemented.