bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vivencias ocupacionales de personas recientemente jubiladas en el entorno urbano de la Provincia de a Coruña
Authors: Miranda Duro María Del Carmen , Carracedo Vazquez Marta , Nieto Riveiro Laura , Groba González Betania , Pousada García Thais , Pereira Loureiro Javier 
Published: April 2018

Objetivos: En la actualidad, se ha podido observar un envejecimiento progresivo de la población, lo que ha aumentado el interés acerca de la jubilación, ya que la duración de esta será cada vez más prolongada y afectará a los sistemas laborales, sanitarios y educativos, así como a la propia organización de la sociedad. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar y conocer las vivencias ocupacionales de los participantes en su etapa de jubilación.
Método: Se ha utilizado la investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa, empleándose como métodos de recogida de datos un cuestionario, una entrevista semiestructurada y un diario de campo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 13 personas jubiladas.
Resultados: Existen inconsistencias entre los resultados obtenidos en el cuestionario y lo que los participantes refieren en la entrevista, ya que en el cuestionario otorgan a la jubilación un significado positivo mientras en sus discursos se refleja lo contrario. Además, presentan limitaciones para comprender el concepto oficial de jubilación e identificarse con él. Por último, ha destacado la influencia del clima en el desempeño ocupacional y la controversia existente en cómo se entiende el ocio según el entorno en el que viva la persona (urbano o rural).
Conclusiones: Se concluye que la distribución del tiempo es uno de los cambios más significativos de la jubilación, existiendo contradicciones en cuanto al significado que se le otorga a este concepto. Los resultados obtenidos también reflejan la necesidad de la preparación previa a la jubilación, aunque inicialmente muchos participantes no identifiquen esta necesidad como propia.
La variable de discapacidad en la política cultural en chile: balances y desafíos
Authors: Cancino-González Paula Milenka , Reinoso Aguiló Alejandra Karina , Rojas Rodríguez Constanza Edith 
Published: April 2018

Introducción: El origen de la discapacidad no se encuentra únicamente en el individuo, sino que en la interacción negativa entre factores individuales y contextuales. Estos últimos determinan barreras u oportunidades de participación y al variar, pueden modificar la condición de discapacidad e incluso eliminarla aún cuando el individuo mantenga su diagnóstico de salud. De aquí la vinculación y la importancia de las acciones de la política pública en torno a la temática. Esta investigación, pondrá su foco en la Política Cultural de Chile la cual establece entre sus principios la promoción del acceso y la participación de la comunidad en iniciativas artístico-culturales, lo que sin duda incluye la variable discapacidad.
Objetivo:El objetivo de la investigación es contribuir a la vinculación efectiva y apropiada entre la variable discapacidad y el acceso a la cultura desde las políticas públicas chilenas, explorando desafíos para la gestión cultural en esta materia.
Metodología: Basándose en el concepto de accesibilidad universal, y con una metodología de tipo cualitativa, se analizan los programas de política pública asociados a la variable discapacidad de tres servicios del Estado: Dirección de Bibliotecas Archivos y Museos, el Servicio Nacional de Discapacidad y el Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes.
Resultados:Se evidencia luego de realizados los análisis, que si bien desde el Estado chileno se integran líneas que abordan temas de discapacidad y cultura, lo que sin duda debe ser reconocido como un avance, estas referencias no garantizan de manera óptima la accesibilidad universal.
Conclusion: El gestor cultural aparece como un actor relevante en la formulación de la política cultural y por tanto en la construcción de la situación de discapacidad.
A“augusta mãe por cima das ondas do oceano”: a corte portuguesa no púlpito brasileiro
Authors: Duran Maria Renata Da Cruz 
Published: April 2018

A parenética lusitana ganhou força no período das grandes navegações, em que a atuação missionária se justificava em função tanto da criação de um horizonte comum, quanto no fortalecimento da coesão cultural promovida pela cristianização do mundo ocidental. Crônicas de viagem e parenética missionária se fundiram na geração de uma unidade discursiva lusófona ao longo do período moderno. Nas Igrejas, aqueles que nem tinham contato com o mundo de letras, nem acesso às grandes naus, sacavam seus bilhetes de viagem dos sermões que ouviam com atenção. Não obstante, a idealização de novos territórios era partilhada por sermonistas que descreveram cidades inteiras sem nunca tê-las visto. Tal é o caso de algumas orações acerca de Portugal e Brasil, sobretudo no período em que a transferência da corte lusitana para a capital fluminense conformou uma aproximação mais efetiva entre essas duas partes do Império. Nomeado pregador régio por d.João VI, frei Francisco de São Carlos lhe devotou a "Oração de Ação de Graças, recitada no dia 1o de Marco de 1809 na Capela Real, dia de aniversário da feliz chegada de sua alteza real a esta cidade” a d. João VI. Nas palavras do frei uma Lisboa que se desvenda pelas memórias e presença de novas personagens na cena fluminense. Na oração, uma descrição do patrimônio imaterial que representava a sociabilidade da corte e sustentava a manutenção do Antigo Regime. Acerca do alargamento das fronteiras do conhecimento forjado no trânsito lusófono trata a presente apresentação, esta guiada pelas viagens imaginárias à que sermonistas e pregadores transportam a população desses dois lados do Quinto Império.
Optimal Evaluation of Programmed Death Ligand-1 on Tumor Cells Versus Immune Cells Requires Different Detection Methods
Authors: Schats Kelly A. , Van Vré Emily A. , Boeckx Carolien , De Bie Martine , Schrijvers Dorien M. , Neyns Bart , De Meester Ingrid , Kockx Mark M. 
Published: April 2018

Context.—
The benefit of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a method to select patients who may benefit from programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 immunotherapies remains uncertain in many tumor indications.

Objectives.—
To compare the commercially available, approved PD-L1 IHC assays (22C3, 28-8, SP142, SP263), specifically identifying the changes in staining output created by altering the detection method.

Design.—
This pilot study investigates the respective PD-L1 kit assay staining patterns and related scoring of tumor cells and immune cells on lung carcinoma and melanoma. Furthermore, the influence of the detection method (platform and related reagents) on PD-L1 antibody performance is studied.

Results.—
The SP142 kit reveals more immune cell staining but less tumor cell staining than the other PD-L1 kits. Alternatively, the 22C3 and 28-8 kits show good tumor cell sensitivity, but less pronounced immune cell staining, even in tonsil. Tumor cell staining by the SP263 kit is comparable to that of 22C3 and 28-8 kits, while immune cell staining is better. Strikingly, the selection of the detection method has a major impact on the sensitivity of the assay for PD-L1 detection per cell type. Switching the detection method of the kits could largely circumvent the observed staining differences.

Conclusions.—
The diverse sensitivities caused by the choice of the detection method should be taken into consideration when selecting PD-L1 kits or developing PD-L1 IHC laboratory-developed tests. When using alternative kits or laboratory-developed tests, it is strongly recommended to reestablish their clinical utility per therapeutic agent or compare them with the original kit.
Mitochondrial genomes organization in alloplasmic lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) with various types of cytoplasmic male sterility
Authors: Makarenko Maksim , Kornienko Igor , Azarin Kirill , Usatov Alexander , Logacheva Maria , Markin Nicolay , Gavrilova Vera 
Published: April 2018

Background. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a common phenotype in higher plants, which often is associated with rearrangements in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and is widely used to produce hybrid seeds in a variety of valuable crop species. The CMS phenomenon investigations are also promote understanding of a fundamental issue of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions in the ontogeny of higher plants. In the present study, we analyzed the structural changes in mitochondrial genomes of three alloplasmic lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The investigation was focused on CMS line PET2, as there are very few reports about its mtDNA organization.
Methods. The NGS sequencing, de novo assembly, and annotation of sunflower mitochondrial genomes were performed. The comparative analysis of mtDNA of HA89 fertile line and two HA89 CMS lines (PET1, PET2) occurred.
Results. The mtDNA of the HA89 fertile line was almost identical to the HA412 line (NC_023337). The comparative analysis of HA89 fertile and CMS (PET1) analog mitochondrial genomes revealed 11852 bp inversion, 4732 bp insertion, 451 bp deletion and 18 variant sites. In mtDNA of HA89 (PET2) CMS line 77 kb translocation, 711 bp and 3780 bp deletions, as well as 1558 bp, 5050 bp, 14330 bp insertions were determined. There are also revealed 83 polymorphic sites sites in the PET2 mitochondrial genome, as compared with the fertile line
Discussion. Among the revealed rearrangements the 1558 bp insertion resulted in new open reading frames formation - orf228 and orf246. The orf228 and orf246 could be the main reason for the development of PET2 CMS phenotype, whereas the role of other mtDNA reorganizations in CMS formation is negligible.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Bilgi Kaynakları / Knowledge Sources of University Students
Authors: Acun İsmail , Yücel Cemil , Demirhan Gökhan 
Published: April 2018

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The aim of the study is to examine university students' preferred sources of knowledge. A survey design was employed. A measurement instrument consisting of 18 items and 6 dimensions, named "authority", "social media", "religion", "science", "tradition" and "experience" was applied to 2253 university students from 12 public universities at different regions, Turkey. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and variance tests. It is found out that the most preferred sources of knowledge for university students are "experience" and "authority, and the least preferred sources of knowledge are "religion" and "social media". In addition, it is determined that the knowledge source preferences of university students differ significantly in some sub-dimensions according to gender, grade average, socio-economic level and political views.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Üniversite öğrencilerinin tercih ettikleri bilgi kaynaklarını incelemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada, nicel betimsel tarama deseni kullanılmıştır. Bilgi kaynaklarını tespit etmek amacıyla geliştirilen 18 maddelik, “otorite”, “sosyal medya”, “din”, “bilim”, “gelenek” ve “tecrübe” olmak üzere 6 boyuttan oluşan ölçme aracı Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden 12 devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 2253 üniversite öğrencisine uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel istatistikler ve varyans testleri kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin en çok tercih ettikleri bilgi kaynaklarının “tecrübe” ve “otorite” olduğu, en az tercih edilen bilgi kaynaklarının ise “din” ve “sosyal medya” olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, üniversite öğrencilerinin bilgi kaynağı tercihlerinin bazı alt boyutlarda cinsiyet, not ortalaması, sosyo-ekonomik seviye ve siyasi görüşlerine göre anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. </p>
İhtidanın Bedeli: Etiyopya Kralı Iyasu Örneği (1913-1916) / The Price of the Conversion to Islam: The Case of Iyasu, the King of Ethiopia (1913-1916)
Authors: Hassen Ibsa Ahmed , Erşahin Seyfettin 
Published: April 2018

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The reign of Lij Iyasu was one of the most controversial periods in the history of Ethiopia. Iyasu came to power because of an absence of a direct male line from the reigning King, Menelik (1889-1913). He was the product of the crisis of the last quarter of the 19<sup>th</sup> century. He was the son of Michael, the ex-Muslim, who was converted to Christianity by force after the council of Boru Meda in 1878. He was the descendant of the two largest ethnic groups in the country, the Oromo, and Amhara. His background was helpful to stop the creeping inequality developing in the country at that time, however; it was the same background that contributed to the demise of Iyasu. He was also involved in the politics of the First World War. He had a good relationship with the Ottoman and the Somali nationalist, Sayyid Abdalle Hassen. His relation to the Ottoman and conversion to Islam irritated the European powers. Those factors contributed greatly to his downfall. This article will put light on the period of Lij Iyasu including the question of his conversion to Islam and political events based on available oral and written sources.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Lic Iyasu’nun dönemi (1913-1916) Etiyopya tarihinin en tartışmalı dönemlerinden birisidir. Iyasu, hükümdar olan Kral Menelik’in (1889-1913) bir erkek evladı olmaması sebebiyle iktidar şansını elde etti. Bu sebeple de kendisi 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğindeki Etiyopya kraliyetindeki taht krizinin bir parçası oldu. Iyasu, daha önceden Müslüman iken 1878 yılındaki Boru Meda Konseyi’nden sonra zorla Hristiyanlığa geçirilen Michael’in oğluydu. Iyasu, ülkedeki en büyük iki etnik grup olan Oromoların ve Amharaların soyundan geliyordu. Kökeni, bir yandan o zamanlar ülkede büyümekte olan eşitsizliği durdurması için yardımcı olurken, bir yandan da tahttan indirilmesine sebep olmuştu. Iyasu aynı zamanda Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na da siyaseten müdahil olmuştu. Osmanlılarla ve Somalili milliyetçi Seyyid Abdallah Hassan ile iyi ilişkileri vardı. Bu durum Avrupalı güçler için son derece rahatsız edici bir durumdu. Iyasu’nun bu teşebbüslerini etkisiz kılmak için Avrupalı güçler, Iyasu karşıtı Etiyopyalı yerel güçlere destek vererek onu tahttan indirdiler. Bu makale, sözlü ve yazılı kaynaklara dayanarak Iyasu’nun İslamiyet’e geçişi dâhil olmak üzere, dönemin siyasi olaylarına ve yönetimine ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır.</p>
Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğrenenlerin Duygusal Algı Becerilerinin Değerlendirilmesi / Assessment of Emotional Literacy Levels of Students Learning Turkish as a Foreign Language
Authors: Uzan M. Furkan , Kana Fatih 
Published: April 2018

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The aim of this research is to determine the level of emotional literacy skills of learners who learn Turkish as a foreign language and to examine them according to various variables. For this purpose, emotional literacy general and subscale skills levels of the students learning Turkish as a foreign language have been determined. It was investigated whether the emotional literacy skills of the students who learned Turkish as a foreign language showed a statistically significant difference according to the variables of sex, nationality and Turkish Language acquisition level. After this process, students who learned Turkish as a foreign language were interviewed and their views on emotional literacy were taken and interpreted. As a result of the research, it was determined that the general skill levels of emotional literacy of the students who learned Turkish as a foreign language were in the medium level. It has been determined that students who learn Turkish as a foreign language have difficulties in expressing their feelings and understanding the expressed emotions. And also it has been determined that they are weak in terms of vocabulary. It has been achieved that students who learn Turkish as a foreign language thinking emotional literacy skills are necessary for language teaching.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Bu araştırmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen öğrencilerin duygusal algı (duygusal okuryazarlık) becerisi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen öğrencilerin duygusal okuryazarlık becerisi genel ve alt boyut beceri düzeyleri belirlenmiş ve bu düzeyler arasında cinsiyet, uyruk ve Türkçe öğrenim seviyesi değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılığın olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Bu işlemin ardından yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen öğrencilerle görüşme yapılmış ve duygusal okuryazarlık becerisine ilişkin görüşleri alınmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen öğrencilerin duygusal okuryazarlık becerisi genel düzeylerinin orta seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen öğrencilerin duygularını ifade etmekte ve ifade edilen duyguları anlamakta zorlandıkları, özellikle de bu konuda kelime bilgisi yönünden zayıf oldukları saptanmıştır. Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen öğrencilerin duygusal okuryazarlık becerilerini dil öğretiminde gerekli gördüğü sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır.</p>
Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number of diphtheria: a case study of a Rohingya refugee camp in Bangladesh, November–December 2017
Authors: Matsuyama Ryota , Akhmetzhanov Andrei R. , Endo Akira , Lee Hyojung , Yamaguchi Takayuki , Tsuzuki Shinya , Nishiura Hiroshi 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundA Rohingya refugee camp in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh experienced a large-scale diphtheria epidemic in 2017. The background information of previously immune fraction among refugees cannot be explicitly estimated, and thus we conducted an uncertainty analysis of the basic reproduction number,R0.MethodsA renewal process model was devised to estimate theR0and ascertainment rate of cases, and loss of susceptible individuals was modeled as one minus the sum of initially immune fraction and the fraction naturally infected during the epidemic. To account for the uncertainty of initially immune fraction, we employed a Latin Hypercube sampling (LHS) method.ResultsR0ranged from 4.7 to 14.8 with the median estimate at 7.2.R0was positively correlated with ascertainment rates. Sensitivity analysis indicated thatR0would become smaller with greater variance of the generation time.DiscussionEstimatedR0was broadly consistent with published estimate from endemic data, indicating that the vaccination coverage of 86% has to be satisfied to prevent the epidemic by means of mass vaccination. LHS was particularly useful in the setting of a refugee camp in which the background health status is poorly quantified.
Archaeal and eukaryal translation initiation factor 1 differ in their RNA interacting loops
Authors: Gogoi Prerana , Kanaujia Shankar Prasad 
Published: April 2018

The archaeal translation initiation factor 1 (aIF1) is reported to be functionally homologous to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1 (eIF1). However, lack of a structural comparison between aIF1 and eIF1 has limited our understanding of the structural (dis)similarities. Herein, we have determined the three‐dimensional crystal structure of an open reading frame PH1771.1 encoding aIF1 in Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3. Results reveal that although aIF1 has low sequence similarity with eIF1, high structural homology exists between the two proteins. Nonetheless, notable critical differences between aIF1 and eIF1 could still be perceived at the β1–β2 basic loop, the acidic loop and the solvent‐exposed surface. These differences might lead to a slightly divergent mode of action of aIF1 during archaeal translation initiation.
Global Character of Latent Heat Release in Oceanic Warm Rain Systems
Authors: Nelson Ethan L. , L'Ecuyer Tristan S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWarm rain plays an important role in Earth's water and energy cycles. Little is known, however, about the global character of latent heat release from warm rain regimes owing to a lack of satellite observations with sufficient sensitivity to this often light, sometimes isolated, precipitation. The Wisconsin Algorithm for Latent heating and Rainfall Using Satellites (WALSRUS) utilizes CloudSat's W‐band Cloud Profiling Radar to estimate vertical profiles of latent heating, surface rainfall rate, and related processes across all oceanic warm rain regimes. This study examines a 4‐year climatology of monthly mean WALRUS estimates to document the global character of latent heating in oceanic warm rain and quantify the sensitivity of underlying condensation and evaporation processes to bulk properties of the large‐scale environment. Warm rain is found to make up 9.2% of oceanic global rainfall and 13.9% of oceanic tropical rainfall. Convective warm rain contributes 36% of rain accumulation and 50% of column latent heating even though its occurrence frequency is only 11%. Net pressure‐weighted column‐integrated latent heating from warm rain condensation averages 0.15 K day−1 of atmospheric heating, with nearly equal contribution from convective and shallow warm rain. While warm rain is found throughout the globe, the Intertropical Convergence Zone is a notable warm rain hot spot peaking near 1 K day−1. The mean height of the maximum condensation in warm rain is 1.5 ± 0.6 km and found to be generally invariant to atmospheric stability. On the other hand, the depth of the entrainment cooling layer decreases with increasing inversion strength.
Ensemble Optimization Retrieval Algorithm of Hydrometeor Profiles for the Ice Cloud Imager Submillimeter‐Wave Radiometer
Authors: Liu Yuli , Buehler S. A. , Brath M. , Liu Heguang , Dong Xiaolong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an ensemble optimization algorithm to retrieve the hydrometeor profiles for the upcoming Ice Cloud Imager submillimeter‐wave radiometer. The algorithm combines the database approach with local optimization under a framework of Bayesian Monte Carlo methodology. It first builds a retrieval database with atmospheric parameters obtained from prior information, and then it conducts ensemble optimization to minimize the cost function when too few database cases match the observations. The ensemble approach does not use the gradient information. Instead, it learns what the optimum's posterior distribution looks like, and then tries to estimate this distribution directly. The algorithm represents the unknown continuous posterior distribution with an ensemble of discrete cases, and it iteratively decreases the estimate uncertainties by generating a new ensemble from the learned distribution. Once the termination criterion is met, retrieval results and uncertainties are derived by integration over the final ensemble. We conduct retrieval experiments using simulated noisy brightness temperatures. Retrieved profiles are compared to the true values, and the results are statistically analyzed. The ensemble optimization algorithm is demonstrated to be an effective objective value minimization technique that avoids the complexity of gradient radiative transfer calculations. The algorithm also shows a satisfactory water content profile retrieval performance for frozen hydrometeors.