bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Liquid Distributor in a Falling Film Evaporator by Means of Air‐Water Experiments
Authors: Drumm Christian , Hoffmann Dieter , Steffens Friedhelm 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAir‐water experiments (cold‐flow experiments) were performed for the liquid distributor of an industrial falling film evaporator (FFE). The feed to the FFE is superheated and a flash evaporation occurs in the head of the FFE. The aim of the experiments was to investigate the vapor‐liquid flow in the head and the resulting liquid distribution to the evaporator tubes. Several different designs of the distributor were investigated and explanations for the performance losses of the real evaporator over time were found. Several measures were finally concluded and also implemented for the real FFE.
Inference for a change‐point problem under an OU setting with unequal and unknown volatilities
Authors: Chen Fuqi , Mamon Rogemar , Nkurunziza Sévérien 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process is employed as a versatile model to capture the mean‐reverting and stochastic evolution of many variables in various fields of applications including finance and economics. Within the OU setting, we develop a new estimation method to determine the unknown change‐point location under the assumption that the volatilities before and after the change point in a time series are unequal. Our method hinges on the concept of a weighted least sum of squared errors approach and enhanced by a fusion of an iterative algorithm. The consistency of the change‐point estimator is established. This article highlights a numerical implementation on simulated and observed financial market data demonstrating the significant flexibility and accuracy of our proposed modelling and estimation method. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 62–78; 2020 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
The effect of heparin infusion intensity on outcomes for bridging hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Warden Bruce A. , Diep Calvin , Ran Ran , Thomas Matthew , Cigarroa Joaquin E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative bridging in atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with low thromboembolic rates but high bleeding rates. Recent guidance cautions the practice of bridging except in high risk patients. However, the practice of bridging varies widely and little data exist regarding appropriate anticoagulation intensity when using intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH).HypothesisTo determine if high intensity UFH infusion regimens are associated with increased bleeding rates compared to low intensity regimens for bridging patients with AF.MethodsWe conducted a single center retrospective cohort study of admitted patients with non‐valvular AF receiving UFH for ≥24 hours. UFH intensities were chosen at the providers' discretion. The primary endpoint was the rate of bleeding defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis during UFH infusion or within 24 hours of discontinuation. The secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular events, arterial thromboembolism, venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarctions and death during UFH infusion.ResultsA total of 497 patients were included in this analysis. Warfarin was used in 82.1% and direct acting oral anticoagulants in 14.1% of patients. The rate of any bleed was higher among high intensity compared to low intensity UFH regimens (10.5% vs 4.9%, odds ratio = 2.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.07‐4.90). Major bleeding was significantly higher among high intensity compared to low intensity UFH regimens. There was no difference in composite thrombotic events or death.ConclusionsLow intensity UFH infusions, targeting lower anticoagulation targets, were associated with decreased bleeding rates without a signal of increased thromboembolic events in hospitalized AF patients.
Real‐world outcomes of sipuleucel‐T treatment in PROCEED, a prospective registry of men with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Higano Celestia S. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Sartor A. Oliver , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Kantoff Philip W. , McLeod David G. , Pieczonka Christopher M. , Penson David F. , Shore Neal D. , Vacirca Jeffrey , Concepcion Raoul S. , Tutrone Ronald F. , Nordquist Luke T. , Quinn David I. , Kassabian Vahan , Scholz Mark C. , Harmon Matt , Tyler Robert C. , Chang Nancy N. , Tang Hong , Cooperberg Matthew R. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe large registry, PROVENGE Registry for the Observation, Collection, and Evaluation of Experience Data (PROCEED)(NCT01306890), evaluated sipuleucel‐T immunotherapy for asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).MethodsPROCEED enrolled patients with mCRPC receiving 3 biweekly sipuleucel‐T infusions. Assessments included overall survival (OS), serious adverse events (SAEs), cerebrovascular events (CVEs), and anticancer interventions (ACIs). Follow‐up was for ≥3 years or until death or study withdrawal.ResultsIn 2011‐2017, 1976 patients were followed for 46.6 months (median). The median age was 72 years, and the baseline median prostate‐specific antigen level was 15.0 ng/mL; 86.7% were white, and 11.6% were African American. Among the patients, 1902 had 1 or more sipuleucel‐T infusions. The median OS was 30.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.6‐32.2 months). Known prognostic factors were independently associated with OS in a multivariable analysis. Among the 1255 patients who died, 964 (76.8%) died of prostate cancer (PC) progression. The median time from the first infusion to PC death was 42.7 months (95% CI, 39.4‐46.2 months). The incidence of sipuleucel‐T–related SAEs was 3.9%. The incidence of CVEs was 2.8%, and the rate per 100 person‐years was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9‐1.6). The CVE incidence among 11,972 patients with mCRPC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database was 2.8%; the rate per 100 person‐years was 1.5 (95% CI, 1.4‐1.7). One or more ACIs (abiraterone, enzalutamide, docetaxel, cabazitaxel, or radium 223) were received by 77.1% of the patients after sipuleucel‐T; 32.5% and 17.4% of the patients experienced 1‐ and 2‐year treatment‐free intervals, respectively.ConclusionsPROCEED provides contemporary survival data for sipuleucel‐T–treated men in a real‐world setting of new life‐prolonging agents, which will be useful in discussing treatment options with patients and in powering future trials with sipuleucel‐T. The safety and tolerability of sipuleucel‐T in PROCEED were consistent with previous findings.
Numerical studies of hemodynamic alterations in pre‐ and post‐stenting cerebral aneurysms using a multiscale modeling
Authors: Yu Hongtao , Huang George P. , Yang Zifeng , Ludwig Bryan R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work was to use a multiscale modeling to study the influence of stent deployment, with generic stents, on flow distributions within the vascular network and the hemodynamic alterations within the cerebral aneurysms pre‐ and post‐stenting. To achieve this goal, two image‐based anatomical cerebral aneurysm models were reconstructed along with the respective aneurysms post‐stenting models after deploying a 16‐ or 24‐wire stent. The investigation results revealed that the stent may increase the local pressure resistance resulting in flow alterations. The hemodynamic parameters demonstrated stent placement can reduce the intra‐aneurysmal pressure, decrease wall shear stress (WSS) at the neck region, and increase blood turnover time for aneurysm case I (sidewall aneurysm). These findings are consistent with the trends of hemodynamic changes reported previously. However, aneurysm case II (bifurcation aneurysm) showed gradually increased intra‐aneurysmal pressure and the pressure at the neck region, decreased WSS over the sac surface, and enhanced flow vortices within the aneurysm. When simulating the hemodynamics of pre‐ and post‐stenting aneurysms for a patient using measured flow waveforms, the flow alteration induced by the stent deployment may affect the hemodynamic predictions for the post‐stenting aneurysm. Thus, the remeasurement of boundary conditions once the morphology of the aneurysm is deformed is needed in follow‐up studies with a focus on aneurysm growth and stent deployment.
Cell focal adhesion clustering leads to decreased and homogenized basal strains
Authors: Kohn Julie C. , Abdalrahman Tamer , Sack Kevin L. , Reinhart‐King Cynthia A. , Franz Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe subendothelial matrix of the artery is a complex mechanical environment where endothelial cells respond to and affect changes upon the underlying substrate. Our recent work has demonstrated that endothelial cell strain heterogeneity increases on a more heterogeneous underlying subendothelial matrix, and these cells display increased focal adhesion presence on stiffer substrate areas. However, the impact of these grouped focal adhesions on endothelial cell strains has not been explored. Here, we use finite element modeling to investigate the effects of microscale stiffness heterogeneities and focal adhesion location and stiffness on endothelial cell strains. Shear stress applied to the apical cell layer demonstrated a minimal effect on cell strain values, while substrate stretch had a greater effect on cell strain in the cell‐substrate model. The addition of focal adhesions into the computational model (cell‐FA‐substrate model) predicted a decrease and homogenization of the cell strains. For simulations including focal adhesions, stiffer and more distributed adhesions caused increased and more heterogeneous endothelial cell strains. Overall, our data indicate that cells may group focal adhesions to minimize and homogenize their basal strains.
Can Nanoplastics Alter Cell Membranes?
Authors: Hollóczki Oldamur , Gehrke Sascha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhilst the formation of plastic nanoparticles (nanoplastics) from plastic wastes has been unequivocally evidenced, little is known about the effects of these materials on living organisms at the subcellular or molecular levels. In the present contribution we show through molecular dynamics simulations that polyethylene nanoparticles dissolve in the hydrophobic core of lipid bilayers into a network of disentangled, single polymeric chains. The thereby induced structural and dynamic changes in the bilayer alter vital functions of the cell membrane, which if lacking a mechanism to decompose the polymer chains may result in the death of the cell.
A Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid as an Efficient and Selective Catalyst System for Bioderived High Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate)
Authors: Qu Xiao‐ling , Jiang Min , Wang Bing , Deng Jin , Wang Rui , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Guang‐yuan , Tang Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGreen synthesis of bioderived high‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PEF) over metal‐free catalysts is a significant challenge. This study focuses on PEF prepared from ethylene glycol and 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) through a direct esterification method with ecofriendly metal‐free ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts. The catalytic activities of a series of imidazolium cations in the presence of various anions are systematically investigated and found to be mainly governed by the anions. Among the ILs studied, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C2MIM]BF4) is identified as the best catalyst, showing excellent catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, even at low catalyst loadings (0.1 mol % w.r.t. FDCA). Optimization of the polymerization parameters enables [C2MIM]BF4‐catalyzed production of PEF with a high number‐average molecular weight (Mn=5.25×104 g mol−1). The relationship between Brønsted acidity and catalytic activity is also investigated and the results show that the trend in catalytic activity is in good agreement with that in Brønsted acidity, as determined by the Hammett method. Additionally, on the basis of experimental results and density functional theory calculations, an electrophilic activation mechanism induced by hydrogen bonds is proposed. This strategy of adjustable acidity and anion structure in ILs provides an opportunity to develop other ILs for bio‐based polyesters through green synthesis pathways.
An efficient full‐bridge resonant converter for light emitting diode (LED) application with simple current control
Authors: Ramakrishnareddy Ch Kasi , Porpandiselvi Shunmugam , Vishwanathan Neti 
Published: September 2019

SummaryNew power control is introduced in the full‐bridge dc‐dc converter to drive an LED lamp in this paper. LEDs are semiconductor devices that behave like a constant voltage load with low equivalent series resistance (ESR). Hence, they require precise control for current regulation. In the proposed driver, the LED lamp is driven by two voltage sources connected in series through a series resonant circuit. It processes the majority of lamp power through the full‐bridge diode rectifier and supplies small power through a center‐tapped rectifier. The LED lamp current is controlled at the selected operating current by using center‐tapped rectifier output voltage. In addition, pulse‐width modulation (PWM) dimming is implemented. The proposed topology features zero‐voltage switching (ZVS), regulation of lamp current, dimming operation, and high efficiency. The working principle, performance, and prototype validation are given for the proposed LED driver.
Decoding the origins and sources of clay minerals in the Upper Cretaceous Tununk Shale of south‐central Utah: Implications for the pursuit of climate and burial histories
Authors: Li Zhiyang , Schieber Juergen , Bish David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClay minerals in fine‐grained marine sedimentary successions are most commonly considered to be detrital in origin and have been used extensively by geologists as indicators of palaeoclimate conditions in the hinterland. Most of these previous studies, however, were not designed to address in depth the potential effects of mixing clay minerals from multiple sources and the formation of authigenic clay minerals during early diagenesis on the ultimately observed clay mineral assemblages of fine‐grained marine sedimentary successions. Herein, clay minerals in shales and bentonites of the Tununk Shale Member in south‐central Utah were examined through integrated X‐ray diffraction and petrographic (scanning electron microscopy) analysis, to evaluate the various origins of clay minerals in this offshore mudstone succession. Clays in Tununk bentonites contain dominantly smectite (>80%) and a minor amount of kaolinite. Clays in Tununk shale samples consist dominantly of mixed‐layer illite/smectite with up to 45% illite‐like layers, small amounts of kaolinite and mica, and in places trace amounts of chlorite. Clay minerals in Tununk shale samples occur in the following three forms: (a) in clay‐dominated aggregates (i.e. smectite‐dominated altered volcanic rock fragments and illite/smectite‐dominated shale lithics); (b) in the fine‐grained matrix (mostly illite/smectite and minor amounts of mica and kaolinite); and (c) in intergranular and intragranular pore spaces (authigenic smectite, kaolinite and chlorite). Possible sources for the mixed‐layer illite/smectite in shales include (a) erosion of older smectite‐bearing mudstone successions and (b) weathering of volcanic rocks or volcanic debris that had been deposited on land. Most of the kaolinite and chlorite in the Tununk Shale were precipitated as pore‐filling cements, rather than having a terrigenous source (as weathering products). A comprehensive understanding of the multiple origins of clay minerals (e.g. terrigenous input, volcanic input, recycled sediments and diagenesis) in marine mudstone successions is critical when attempting to use clay mineral data for reconstructions of palaeoclimate and burial and thermal histories.
Mate fidelity in a polygamous shorebird, the snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus)
Authors: Halimubieke Naerhulan , Valdebenito José O. , Harding Philippa , Cruz‐López Medardo , Serrano‐Meneses Martín Alejandro , James Richard , Kupán Krisztina , Székely Tamás 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSocial monogamy has evolved multiple times and is particularly common in birds. However, it is not well understood why some species live in long‐lasting monogamous partnerships while others change mates between breeding attempts. Here, we investigate mate fidelity in a sequential polygamous shorebird, the snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus), a species in which both males and females may have several breeding attempts within a breeding season with the same or different mates. Using 6 years of data from a well‐monitored population in Bahía de Ceuta, Mexico, we investigated predictors and fitness implications of mate fidelity both within and between years. We show that in order to maximize reproductive success within a season, individuals divorce after successful nesting and re‐mate with the same partner after nest failure. Therefore, divorced plovers, counterintuitively, achieve higher reproductive success than individuals that retain their mate. We also show that different mating decisions between sexes predict different breeding dispersal patterns. Taken together, our findings imply that divorce is an adaptive strategy to improve reproductive success in a stochastic environment. Understanding mate fidelity is important for the evolution of monogamy and polygamy, and these mating behaviors have implications for reproductive success and population productivity.
Widespread hybridization in the introduced hog deer population of Victoria, Australia, and its implications for conservation
Authors: Hill Erin , Linacre Adrian , Toop Simon , Murphy Nicholas , Strugnell Jan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn Australia, many species have been introduced that have since undergone drastic declines in their native range. One species of note is the hog deer (Axis porcinus) which was introduced in the 1860s to Victoria, Australia, and has since become endangered in its native range throughout South‐East Asia. There is increased interest in using non‐native populations as a source for genetic rescue; however, considerations need to be made of the genetic suitability of the non‐native population. Three mitochondrial markers and two nuclear markers were sequenced to assess the genetic variation of the Victorian population of hog deer, which identified that the Victorian population has hybrid origins with the closely related chital (Axis axis), a species that is no longer present in the wild in Victoria. In addition, the mitochondrial D‐loop region within the Victorian hog deer is monomorphic, demonstrating that mitochondrial genetic diversity is very low within this population. This study is the first to report of long‐term persistence of hog deer and chital hybrids in a wild setting, and the continual survival of this population suggests that hybrids of these two species are fertile. Despite the newly discovered hybrid status in Victorian hog deer, this population may still be beneficial for future translocations within the native range. However, more in‐depth analysis of genetic diversity within the Victorian hog deer population and investigation of hybridization rates within the native range are necessary before translocations are attempted.
Alternating consumption of β‐glucan and quercetin reduces mortality in mice with colorectal cancer
Authors: Qi Jiamei , Yu Juntong , Li Yuetong , Luo Jianming , Zhang Cheng , Ou Shiyi , Zhang Guangwen , Yang Xinquan , Peng Xichun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe current dietary recommendations for disease prevention and management are scarce and are not well supported. Beta‐glucan or quercetin in a diet can alleviate colorectal cancer (CRC) by regulating the gut microbiota and related genes, but the effects of alternating their consumption for routine ingestion during CRC occurrence remain unknown. This study investigated the effects of alternating the consumption of β‐glucan and quercetin for routine ingestion on CRC development in mice. The mortality rate, colonic length, inflammatory cytokines, gut microbiota, and colonic epithelial gene expression in healthy and CRC mice that consumed normal and alternate diets were compared and studied. The results showed that alternating the consumption of β‐glucan and quercetin (alternating among a β‐glucan diet, a normal diet and a normal diet that was supplemented with quercetin) alleviated colon damage and reduced the mortality rate in CRC mice, with a reduction in mortality of 12.5%. Alternating the consumption of β‐glucan and quercetin significantly decreased the TNF‐α level, increased the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, and downregulated three genes (Hmgcs2, Fabp2, and Gpt) that are associated with inflammation and cancer. Alternating the consumption of some bioactive compounds, such as β‐glucan and quercetin, in food can contribute to human health. This experiment provided some experimental evidence for the dietary recommendations for disease prevention and management.
Molecular and Silica‐Supported Mo and W d0 Imido‐Methoxybenzylidene Complexes: Structure and Metathesis Activity
Authors: Zhizhko Pavel A. , Toth Florian , Gordon Christopher P. , Chan Ka Wing , Liao Wei‐Chih , Mougel Victor , Copéret Christophe 
Published: September 2019

Abstract5‐Coordinated methoxybenzylidene complexes M(=NAr)(=CH−C6H4−o‐OMe)(OtBuF3)2 (Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3; tBuF3=CMe2(CF3)) of Mo (1mMo) and W (1mW) were synthesized by cross‐metathesis from the corresponding neophylidene/neopentylidene precursors and o‐methoxystyrene. 1mMo and 1mW were grafted onto the surface of silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 °C to give well‐defined silica‐supported alkylidenes (≡SiO)M(=NAr)(=CH−C6H4−o‐OMe)(OtBuF3) (M=Mo (1Mo), W (1W)). Supported methoxybenzylidene complexes were tested in metathesis of cis‐4‐nonene, 1‐nonene, and ethyl oleate, and compared to their molecular precursors and supported classical analogs (≡SiO)M(=NAr)(=CHCMe2R)(OtBuF3) (M=Mo, R=Ph (2Mo), M=W, R=Me (2W)). Both grafted complexes 1Mo and 1W show significantly better performance as compared to their molecular precursors 1mMo and 1mW but are less efficient than the classical 4‐coordinated alkylidenes 2Mo and 2W. Noteworthy, both 1Mo and 1W can reach equilibrium conversion in metathesis of cis‐4‐nonene at catalyst loadings as low as 50 ppm.