bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo-EM structure of human mitochondrial trifunctional protein
Authors: Liang Kai , Li Ningning , Wang Xiao , Dai Jianye , Liu Pulan , Wang Chu , Chen Xiao-Wei , Gao Ning , Xiao Junyu 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceThe β-oxidation is a fundamental metabolic pathway that breaks down fatty acid molecules to generate energy. The mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TFP) catalyzes three reactions during this process, and mutations in the TFP subunits cause diseases such as mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Despite the fact that the reactions catalyzed by the TFP are well documented in almost all major biochemistry textbooks, the structure of the human TFP is not yet known. Here using the cryo-EM single-particle reconstruction method, we have determined a 4.2-Å structure of the human TFP. Our results provide insights into the function of an important enzyme complex and shed light on the molecular pathology of human fatty acid oxidation disorders.
Asf1a resolves bivalent chromatin domains for the induction of lineage-specific genes during mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation
Authors: Gao Yuan , Gan Haiyun , Lou Zhenkun , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: June 2018

Significance
ES cells possess the unique capacity to self-renew as well as differentiate into specialized cell types. It is known that transcription factors and chromatin regulators regulate the cell-fate choices during differentiation. We report unexpectedly that Asf1a, a histone chaperone involved in nucleosome assembly, regulates mouse ES cell differentiation. Mechanistically, we show that Asf1a functions in nucleosome disassembly to resolve the bivalent chromatin domains at lineage-specific genes for gene activation during differentiation. These insights will likely be applicable for understanding human ES cell differentiation and regenerative medicine.
Changes in white matter in mice resulting from low-frequency brain stimulation
Authors: Piscopo Denise M. , Weible Aldis P. , Rothbart Mary K. , Posner Michael I. , Niell Cristopher M. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Meditation has been shown to modify brain connections. However, the cellular mechanisms by which this occurs are not known. We hypothesized that changes in white matter found following meditation may be due to increased rhythmicity observed in frontal areas in the cortex. The current study in mice tested this directly by rhythmically stimulating cells in the frontal midline. We found that such stimulation caused an increase in connectivity due to changes in the axons in the corpus callosum, which transmit impulses to and from the frontal midline. This work provides a plausible but not proven mechanism through which a mental activity such as meditation can improve brain connectivity.
Altering gain of the infralimbic-to-accumbens shell circuit alters economically dissociable decision-making algorithms
Authors: Sweis Brian M. , Larson Erin B. , Redish A. David , Thomas Mark J. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Synaptic remodeling in the infralimbic-to-accumbens shell (IL–NAcSh) circuit is linked to addiction relapse susceptibility; however, how these changes interact with decision-making computations remains unclear. We develop a neurophysiological assay to measure the strength of a specific circuit at the ensemble level. We then use that assay in combination with a neuroeconomic task to provide causal evidence that synaptic strength of the IL–NAcSh mediates distinct aspects of decision-making information processing. We find that individual differences in IL–NAcSh strength mediate reevaluations behaviorally resolvable from parallel, co-occurring deliberative valuations. An important implication of our work is that acutely delivered circuit-specific plasticity manipulations can produce long-lasting computation-specific effects on certain kinds of choices and can potentially serve as a therapeutic neuromodulation intervention.
A second RNA-binding protein is essential for ethanol tolerance provided by the bacterial OLE ribonucleoprotein complex
Authors: Harris Kimberly A. , Zhou Zhiyuan , Peters Michelle L. , Wilkins Sarah G. , Breaker Ronald R. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Although large bacterial noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are rare, those whose functions have been experimentally established perform fundamental roles in genetic information transfer, RNA processing, and protein production and localization. OLE (ornate, large, extremophilic) RNAs represent one of the most widespread and well-conserved classes of bacterial ncRNAs whose activities remain unknown. We have identified mutations in an OLE-associated protein (OapA), an essential partner for OLE RNA, which cause more severe inhibition of host bacterial growth under cold or ethanol stress conditions compared with knockout strains lacking OLE or OapA. A genetic screen using a bacterial strain carrying the mutant OapA protein revealed another protein partner that also forms a complex with OLE RNA, and is essential for the biological function of this mysterious bacterial ncRNA.
Aldehydes are the predominant forces inducing DNA damage and inhibiting DNA repair in tobacco smoke carcinogenesis
Authors: Weng Mao-wen , Lee Hyun-Wook , Park Sung-Hyun , Hu Yu , Wang Hsing-Tsui , Chen Lung-Chi , Rom William N. , Huang William C. , Lepor Herbert , Wu Xue-Ru , Yang Chung S. , Tang Moon-shong 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Tobacco smoke (TS) contains numerous carcinogens. Intriguingly, while TS itself is a weak carcinogen in animal models, many of the TS components, such as 4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are strong carcinogens. We found that TS induces mainly aldehyde-DNA adducts in mice and humans. TS reduces DNA repair activity and repair proteins in mouse lung. All of these TS-induced effects can be reduced by diet polyphenols. Aldehydes prevent PAHs and NNK from inducing DNA damage in human cells. We propose that, because they act to damage DNA, reduce DNA repair activity, and inhibit NNK and PAHs from becoming DNA-damaging agents, aldehydes are the major TS carcinogens. These insights allow for better TS cancer risk assessment and the design of effective preventive measures.
ER-phagy requires Lnp1, a protein that stabilizes rearrangements of the ER network
Authors: Chen Shuliang , Cui Yixian , Parashar Smriti , Novick Peter J. , Ferro-Novick Susan 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergoes autophagy in response to starvation in a process utilizing Atg40, a cortical ER receptor that serves to recruit the machinery needed to assemble an autophagosome. Little is known about the components that work in conjunction with ER cargo receptors. Here we show that autophagy of the ER requires Lnp1, a protein that helps to maintain the structure of the ER by stabilizing rearrangements of the ER network. In the absence of Lnp1 or upon depolymerization of actin, Atg40 puncta fail to distribute to the cell interior, where the autophagy machinery resides, thus blocking incorporation of ER into autophagosomes. These studies show that the localization of Atg40 is critical for its function as a cargo receptor.
Efficient cruising for swimming and flying animals is dictated by fluid drag
Authors: Floryan Daniel , Van Buren Tyler , Smits Alexander J. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Almost 30 y ago, researchers discovered that a great variety of efficient swimmers cruise in a narrow range of Strouhal numbers, a dimensionless number describing the kinematics of swimming. Almost 15 y later, separate researchers discovered that fliers (bats, birds, and insects) also cruise in the same narrow range of Strouhal numbers. Attendant experiments on flapping airfoils have shown that this narrow range of Strouhal numbers gives rise to the most efficient kinematics. Here, we explain why this range of Strouhal numbers is the most efficient.
Structural and functional insights into the unique CBS–CP12 fusion protein family in cyanobacteria
Authors: Hackenberg Claudia , Hakanpää Johanna , Cai Fei , Antonyuk Svetlana , Eigner Caroline , Meissner Sven , Laitaoja Mikko , Jänis Janne , Kerfeld Cheryl A. , Dittmann Elke , Lamzin Victor S. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Carbon fixation is arguably one of the most important metabolic processes on Earth. Stand-alone CP12 proteins are major players in the regulation of this pathway in all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, yet their intrinsic disorder has so far hampered the capturing of a principal part of their structure. Here we provide structural insights into CP12 by investigating an uncharacterized CP12 fusion protein, CBS–CP12, which is widespread among cyanobacteria, and reveal a unique hexameric structure. Our data further extend the existing knowledge of the regulation of photosynthesis and carbon fixation by the CP12 protein family, suggesting a more versatile role of this protein family in global redox regulation, predominantly in bloom-forming cyanobacteria that pose major threats in lakes and reservoirs.
Re-identification of genomic data using long range familial searches
Authors: Erlich Yaniv , Shor Tal , Carmi Shai , Pe’er Itsik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractConsumer genomics databases reached the scale of millions of individuals. Recently, law enforcement investigators have started to exploit some of these databases to find distant familial relatives, which can lead to a complete re-identification. Here, we leveraged genomic data of 600,000 individuals tested with consumer genomics to investigate the power of such long-range familial searches. We project that half of the searches with European-descent individuals will result with a third cousin or closer match and will provide a search space small enough to permit re-identification using common demographic identifiers. Moreover, in the near future, virtually any European-descent US person could be implicated by this technique. We propose a potential mitigation strategy based on cryptographic signature that can resolve the issue and discuss policy implications to human subject research.
Integration of online and offline channels: a view of O2O commerce
Authors: Chang Yu-Wei , Hsu Ping-Yu , Yang Qing-Miao 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This study uses the travel industry as the research context and investigates online–offline integration between the different business entities of hoteliers and online travel agencies (OTAs). The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to examine cooperation between hotels and OTAs; second, to examine how online and offline satisfaction increase behavioral intentions toward online and offline channels; and third, to investigate the factors that increase online and offline satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
To investigate customers’ behavioral intentions toward online and offline channels, the authors collected 241 data points from ten hotels from four well-known chains. The partial least squares structural equation modeling approach was used to test the research model and the 13 hypotheses.

Findings
The results show that system quality, information quality and service quality of OTA websites increase online satisfaction. Online satisfaction further increases behavioral intentions toward online channels but has no significant effect on offline satisfaction and behavioral intentions toward offline channels. Emotional value and social value offered by hotels increase offline satisfaction. Offline satisfaction further increases behavioral intentions toward online and offline channels. Finally, behavioral intentions toward online channels indeed reinforce behavioral intentions toward offline channels.

Originality/value
Some prior studies have focused on the effects of offline channels on online channels, whereas others have examined the influences of online channels on offline channels. However, in previous studies, the online and offline channels were both owned by the same business entities. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine how online and offline channels belonging to different business entities can work together to increase customer intentions.
The impact of uncertain rewards on customers’ recommendation intention in social networks
Authors: Wang Qi , Sun Yan , Zhu Ji , Zhang Xiaohang 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to research the effect of uncertain rewards on the recommendation intention in referral reward programs (RRPs) and investigate the interaction of tie strength and reward type on the recommendation intention.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopts a quantitative exploratory approach through the use of experiments. Study 1 adopted a 2×2 between-participants design ((reward type: certain reward vs uncertain reward)×(tie strength: strong tie vs weak tie)). Respectively, by manipulating uncertain probabilities and expected value, Studies 2 and 3 further explore the effect of uncertain rewards and tie strength on customers’ referral intention.FindingsThis paper finds the following: compared to certain rewards, customers’ referral intention under uncertain rewards is higher and positive experience has a mediating effect between reward type and recommendation intention; when only the recommender is rewarded, the tie strength between the recommender and the receiver moderates the effect of reward type on the recommendation intention; for strong ties, customers’ recommendation intention is higher in uncertain reward condition, but for weak ties, customers’ willingness to recommend is almost the same in both reward types; when both the recommender and the receiver are rewarded, although certain rewards have a higher expected value than uncertain and random rewards, for strong ties, the participants have a higher referral intention under random rewards than that under uncertain rewards, which have a higher referral willingness than that under certain rewards. Additionally, for weak ties, the reverse is true.Originality/valueThe research has both theoretical implications for research on uncertain rewards and tie strength and practical implications for marketing managers designing and implementing RRPs.
Do Chinese acquirers paying premiums in large international acquisitions experience negative market reactions as Western counterparts?
Authors: Tseng Chiung-Hui , Kuo Tony 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThis study draws on behavioral finance and signaling theory to investigate market reactions to Chinese acquirers when they made premium payments in large cross-border acquisitions. Paying high premiums has been considered an inferior acquisition decision that engenders negative market reactions in previous studies examining Western acquirers. Moving beyond previous work, this paper aims to propose that the premiums paid by Chinese firms in large international acquisitions will yield positive market reactions.Design/methodology/approachThis paper applies an event study method and tests hypotheses on a sample that comprises large international acquisitions made by Chinese acquirers between 2007 and 2012.FindingsThe acquisition premium paid by a Chinese acquirer in a large cross-border acquisition positively affects its stock market return to the acquisition announcement. That is, investors rely on the managers’ judgment about the synergistic and value-creating potential of the acquisitions, as inferred from the premiums paid. Moreover, it was found that the relationship between acquisition premiums and stock market returns is moderated by whether the transactions are tender offers, in that the positive relationship is weaker when acquisitions are tender offers.Originality/valueDifferent from previous research focusing on Western companies and proposing a negative linkage between premiums paid and investor reactions to the acquisitions, this study sheds light on Chinese acquirers who paid premiums in large international acquisitions and, based on the logic of behavioral finance and signaling theory, posits a positive association in the context of Chinese acquirers.
A global synthesis of offspring size variation, its eco‐evolutionary causes and consequences
Authors: Marshall Dustin J. , Pettersen Amanda K. , Cameron Hayley 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOffspring size is a key functional trait that can affect all phases of the life history, from birth to reproduction, and is common to all the Metazoa. Despite its ubiquity, reviews of this trait tend to be taxon‐specific. We explored the causes and consequences of offspring size variation across plants, invertebrates and vertebrates.We find that offspring size shows clear latitudinal patterns among species: fish, amphibians, invertebrates and birds show a positive covariation in offspring size with latitude; plants and turtles show a negative covariation with latitude. We highlight the developmental window hypothesis as an explanation for why plants and turtles show negative covariance with latitude. Meanwhile, we find evidence for stronger, positive selection on offspring size at higher latitudes for most animals.Offspring size also varies at all scales of organization, from populations through to broods from the same female. We explore the reasons for this variation and suspect that much of this variation is adaptive, but in many cases, there are too few tests to generalize.We show that larger offspring lose relatively less energy during development to independence such that larger offspring may have greater net energy budgets than smaller offspring. Larger offspring therefore enter the independent phase with relatively more energy reserves than smaller offspring. This may explain why larger offspring tend to outperform smaller offspring but more work on how offspring size affects energy acquisition is needed.While life‐history theorists have been fascinated by offspring size for over a century, key knowledge gaps remain. One important next step is to estimate the true energy costs of producing offspring of different sizes and numbers.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Investment in reproduction for 14 iteroparous perennials is large and associated with other life‐history and functional traits
Authors: Wenk Elizabeth Hedi , Abramowicz Konrad , Westoby Mark , Falster Daniel S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile theoretical models predict reproductive allocation (RA) should approach 100% of available energy as a plant ages, available empirical data suggest much lower RA values in perennial plants. In this study, we have two aims. First, we assess whether the discrepancy between theory and data arises from methodological differences in how growth and RA are calculated. Specifically, we hypothesize RA in older plants is large when compared to growth in leaf area, that is, after excluding turnover of stem and leaf tissues. Second, we hypothesize that species with cheap tissues or those that are shorter reach RA = 0.5 at a younger age.We measured investment in leaf, stem and reproduction on individuals from 14 co‐occurring woody perennial iteroparous species. A fire chronosequence allowed us to use a space‐for‐time substitution to estimate RA schedules for each species, simultaneously measuring reproductive and vegetative production on individuals differing in age.For most (11 of 14) species, we found RA eventually reached 100% of available energy, with another two species reaching at least 80%. Increases in RA were associated with a decline in growth of leaf area. Comparing species, we found that species with cheap leaves reached RA = 0.5 sooner (they could be called fast‐living), whereas delayed maturation and slower increases in RA were associated with greater maximum height.Synthesis. Explicitly accounting for the cost of leaf replacement leads to the high estimates of reproductive allocation in perennial plants predicted by theoretical models, limiting or even halting leaf area expansion. For some species, so much energy is allocated to reproduction that leaf area declines year‐upon‐year for multiple growing seasons preceding death. Connecting lifetime reproductive allocation schedules with leaf area expansion, leaf life span, and plant maximum height demonstrates how reproductive allocation schedules synthesize a plant’s life‐history strategy, making them a valuable tool for connecting plant traits and demography.
Prospective Countywide Surveillance and Autopsy Characterization of Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Tseng Zian H. , Olgin Jeffrey E. , Vittinghoff Eric , Ursell Philip C. , Kim Anthony S. , Sporer Karl , Yeh Clement , Colburn Benjamin , Clark Nina M. , Khan Rana , Hart Amy P. , Moffatt Ellen 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Studies of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death (SCD) use emergency medical services records, death certificates, or definitions that infer cause of death; thus, the true incidence of SCD is unknown. Over 90% of SCDs occur out-of-hospital; nonforensic autopsies are rarely performed, and therefore causes of death are presumed. We conducted a medical examiner–based investigation to determine the precise incidence and autopsy-defined causes of all SCDs in an entire metropolitan area. We hypothesized that postmortem investigation would identify actual sudden arrhythmic deaths among presumed SCDs.

Methods:
Between February 1, 2011, and March 1, 2014, we prospectively identified all incident deaths attributed to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (emergency medical services primary impression, cardiac arrest) between 18 to 90 years of age in San Francisco County for autopsy, toxicology, and histology via medical examiner surveillance of consecutive out-of-hospital deaths, all reported by law. We obtained comprehensive records to determine whether out-of-hospital cardiac arrest deaths met World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for SCD. We reviewed death certificates filed quarterly for missed SCDs. Autopsy-defined sudden arrhythmic deaths had no extracardiac cause of death or acute heart failure. A multidisciplinary committee adjudicated final cause.

Results:

All 20 440 deaths were reviewed; 12 671 were unattended and reported to the medical examiner. From these, we identified 912 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest deaths; 541 (59%) met WHO SCD criteria (mean 62.8 years, 69% male) and 525 (97%) were autopsied. Eighty-nine additional WHO-defined SCDs occurred within 3 weeks of active medical care with the death certificate signed by the attending physician, ineligible for autopsy but included in the countywide WHO-defined SCD incidence of 29.6/100 000 person-years, highest in black men (
P
<0.0001). Of 525 WHO-defined SCDs, 301 (57%) had no cardiac history. Leading causes of death were coronary disease (32%), occult overdose (13.5%), cardiomyopathy (10%), cardiac hypertrophy (8%), and neurological (5.5%). Autopsy-defined sudden arrhythmic deaths were 55.8% (293/525) of overall, 65% (78/120) of witnessed, and 53% (215/405) of unwitnessed WHO-defined SCDs (
P
=0.024); 286 of 293 (98%) had structural cardiac disease.

Conclusions:
Forty percent of deaths attributed to stated cardiac arrest were not sudden or unexpected, and nearly half of presumed SCDs were not arrhythmic. These findings have implications for the accuracy of SCDs as defined by WHO criteria or emergency medical services records in aggregate mortality data, clinical trials, and cohort studies.
Scottoecia villosa sp. nov., a new deep-sea species of halocyprid (Ostracoda, Myodocopa) from the northern Pacific
Authors: Chavtur Vladimir G. , Bashmanov Alexander G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A new species of halocyprid ostracod, Scottoecia villosa sp. nov., from the bathypelagic zone of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, is described and illustrated. This species is closely similar to S. foveolata (Deevey, 1968), but differs by the shape of the postero-dorsal corners of the carapace, the carapace sculpture, the number of secondary filaments on the first antenna, and the setae on the first endopodite segment of the maxilla. A key to the species of the genus Scottoecia is presented.