bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of Neuronavigation During Cranial Surgery
Authors: Nepal Pankaj Raj , Rijal Suman 
Published: September 2019

Background: Neuronavigation helps neurosurgeons by providing intraoperative three dimensional (3D) view of CT/MRI of the patients thus helping the surgeon in different steps of surgery. With the objective to evaluate the usefulness of neuronavigation in early years after installment, this study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Nepal.
Methodology: This is a prospective analytical study, where all the consecutive cases of the neurosurgical cranial cases using frameless stereotactic (Medtronics stealth station 7), were considered during May 2014 to March 2017. All the lesions were categorized according to the location and were evaluated using the Image guided surgery (IGS) score. Analysis was done using stratification and percentage system.
Result: There were total 122 cases operated using neuronavigation during the study period, with ages ranged between 5 to 83 years with mean age 38.32(SD16.09) years. 57.4% were male and 42.6% were female. Overall IGS scoring of the neuronavigation in the different location showed irreplaceability in 100% cases of convexity, ganglionic/ deep seated/ ventricle and brain stem lesion; however, it was more useful than conventional methods in 70.37% of lobar cases. Similarly, overall IGS scoring of neuronavigation in the different type of lesions showed irreplaceable in 80% of meningiomas, and 41.17% of gliomas; however, was more useful than conventional methods in 56.86% of gliomas
Conclusion:Use of neuronavigation seems to be irreplaceable for planning and raising flaps, in cases of convexity lesions and most of the cases of lobar and ganglionic/ deep seated leasions.
Revitalization of infrastructural mortgage of public-private partnership projects
Authors: Hryhorska Olena 
Published: September 2019

Recently, there is an acute need for the creation or modernization of infrastructure facilities - transport, energy, utilities, social and other types of infrastructure, against the background of a lack of financial resources of budgets of all levels and under budgetary constraints. This situation as a whole leads to the search for additional sources of funding in the field of public-private partnership. In this context, the use of infrastructure mortgages is becoming increasingly important and relevant. The purpose of this work is to systematize the advantages and disadvantages of infrastructure mortgages, identify the main models for converting long-term liabilities into assets and justify the feasibility of creating a specialized project finance institution concentrating its activities on competent selection, structuring and monitoring of projects. In the study the author used general scientific and special methods: analysis and synthesis, analogies and comparisons, generalizations, graphical method. In the article the author identifies the features of the infrastructure mortgage and forms its advantages and disadvantages. The four main models for converting long-term liabilities into assets to be turned around are presented. The models of direct and indirect refinancing of mortgage loans through long-term debt obligations of the primary lender and the model of transferring the rights of claims on mortgage loans (mortgages) to the secondary market operator are schematically presented. The need for standardization of infrastructure mortgage to facilitate the refinancing of such projects, the formation of separate groups and their further securitization are proved. A set of state measures has been developed to reduce the risks and costs of infrastructure mortgage investors.
Problems and prospects of financing the renewable energy projects in Ukraine
Authors: Kanevska Iryna , Umanets Serhii 
Published: September 2019

Here have been defined: general problems of the domestic renewable energy sector such as inefficient use of energy resources; constant increase of prices for fuel and energy resources; unavailability of stable energy supply; delayed construction and commissioning of «alternative» power plants; complex process of obtaining of the «green» tariff in the National Commission by the power facility; seasonal construction of solar plants (before the sunny period in the spring, or before the winter period in the autumn), which requires large land plots, etc. The article refers such problems in renewable energy financing as: limited financial resources; lack of effective mechanisms for tranforming people's savings into investment; high level of investment risks; imperfect tax system; undeveloped corporate securities market. It has been proved that the prospects of financing renewable energy projects to be increased presented the primary task. The latest researches and publications in the field of renewable energy financing have been analyzed. It has been determined that both general and partial problems of financing renewable energy projects in Ukraine as well as the prospects for their further development remain unresolved. The author has investigated the problems and perspectives of financing renewable energy projects in Ukraine, as well as development of practical recommendations for the development of domestic renewable energy. The used methods: economic-statistical and abstract-logic, system approach, comparative analysis. The main directions of Ukrainian energy supply through regional projects, strategies and tactics have been highlighted. Here have been identified the most significant economic factors influencing Ukraine's energy efficiency such as state tariff policy in the field of fuel and energy resources; state fiscal policy in the field of energy saving; the policy of fuel and energy supplying organization; financial incentives for energy efficiency improvement; investment opportunities. The types of basic technologies of renewable energy in Ukraine have been generalized. The energy consumption on the basis of renewable energy sources and the total amount of energy from renewable sources in Ukraine for three years have been analyzed. The author has proposed the model of the financial-economic mechanism of state regulation of the renewable energy development in Ukraine, which would provide the state with the energy autonomy and ecological.
Current state of financial policy and budgetary security of Ukraine
Authors: Malyshko Vitalina 
Published: September 2019

The subject of the study is financial policy and budgetary security. The purpose is studying the current state of financial policy and budgetary security of Ukraine. The methods used in the research process: method of comparative analysis, generalization, statistical and other research methods. The results of the work. In the article the current state of financial policy and budgetary security of Ukraine is characterized; the state debt, budget deficit and the expenditures for financing the needs of defence and security are analyzed. The important task of the state financial policy and the ways of its implementation are noted. The factors to be taken into account in financial policy-making for the medium-term perspective and the main problems of financial policy are identified. The attention is paid to the important issues of the relevant financial policy implementation. The budgetary security of the state with its main tasks is analyzed. Its most important criteria and what it should provide are defined. The initial characteristics of budgetary security and its leading threats are shown as well as the main indicators of budgetary security and priorities for its strengthening. The field of application of results: the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Conclusions. The article contains the analysis of the state debt of Ukraine (estimated at UAH 1929759 million in 2016, UAH 2141674 million in 2017, UAH 2168627 million in 2018, UAH 2171918 million as of 31.01.2019), the deficit of state budget of Ukraine (estimated at UAH 70130 million in 2016, UAH 47850 million in 2017, UAH 94116 million in 2018, UAH 90732 million as of 31.01.2019), the state budget expenditures for financing the needs of defence and security (estimated at UAH 58097 million in 2016, UAH 68859 million in 2017, UAH 98800 million in 2018, UAH 102910 million as of 31.01.2019). Analyzing the data of state debt, budget deficit and state budget expenditures for financing the needs of defence and security we can say that today there is much work to do. It is necessary to find the ways of solving many problems for our country’s prosperity.
Financial support and taxation aspects of tourism activities development in Ukraine
Authors: Marmul Larisa , Romaniuk Iryna 
Published: September 2019

The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of financial security and taxation of tourism in Ukraine. The purpose of the work is to identify the features of financial activities and the specifics of taxation of tourist enterprises and the development of practical recommendations for their improvement. Methodological basis of the article became as general scientific, and special methods of scientific knowledge. Were used methods: dialectical, monographic, historical, system-structural analysis and synthesis, problem and program-target approaches, definition of financial results and tax standards. Results of work. The article describes the features of achievement and taking into account the financial results of the activities of tourism enterprises, operators and agents. The specifics of taxation and types of taxes, their disadvantages and advantages are revealed. The directions of improvement of financing, taxation and general activity are grounded in order to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the tourism industry in the national, European and global dimensions. The field of application of results. Conclusions and results of the article can be used in the educational-scientific process of the economic faculties of higher educational institutions. It is expedient to transfer them for practical use in the management of tourism activities at the enterprise level, in the administration of taxes, in the activities of public organizations, rural communities. Conclusions. It was determined that shortcomings in the process of financing tourism enterprises and administration of taxes led to the emergence of a set of problems of their development. This is a low level of tax culture as a result of the disrespectful attitude of taxpayers towards their payment; widespread use of tax evasion schemes; significant budget arrears of VAT refunds. Therefore, measures for the development and improvement of the tax system for tourism companies should take into account the identified shortcomings and build on the concept of increasing tax discipline by taxpayers on the one hand, as well as reducing their quantity, volumes, unification from the side of the fiscal service and other institutions on the other. This will increase their competitiveness, including in the global dimension.
Arrangement of budgets management of united territorial communities
Authors: Mykytyuk Igor 
Published: September 2019

The problem of formation of budgets of joint territorial communities, budget funds management, development of proposals for improvement of the mechanism of management of funds of united territorial communities in order to increase the efficiency of using budget funds are considered. The subject of the study is the budgets of the united territorial communities. The purpose of the article is to study the process of forming budgets of the joint territorial communities and to determine the directions of improvement of the mechanism of management of the funds of the united territorial communities. In the article was used the method of comparison, economic-statistical, analytical and logical methods, the method of analysis and synthesis. Research results. The general condition of the development of the respective territories depends primarily on what budget resources will be at the disposal of the united territorial communities and through which financial leverage it will be implemented. The formation of a plan for the creation and use of financial resources necessary for the provision of functions and powers of local self-government, creation of comfortable living conditions for citizens, provision of high-quality and affordable public services is one of the most important issues, which, to a large extent, depends on the success of the functioning of the united territorial communities. Conclusions. The main goal of the next research should be to develop and implement measures to improve the efficiency of budget management, create favorable conditions for the socio-economic development of territories, improve the quality and standard of living of the population.
Development of bank lending in Dnieper Ukraine in the second half of the XIX - at the beginning of XX century
Authors: Orlik Mikhail 
Published: September 2019

The subject of the study is the formation process of the banking system of the Russian Empire in the post-reform period, and its then-theoretical basis. The purpose of the work consists in studying the problem of bank lending in the Dnieper Ukraine and conducting an analysis of the scholarly opinion of economists on bank lending in the second half of the XIX-early XX century. The methodological basis of the article for solving the problems set in the article is applied general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization) and special methods of scientific research (diachronic (periodization), comparative, retrospective, historical-typological and economic analysis). Results of work. The views of economists of the XIX century on actual problems of lending has been studied and analyzed in the article, attention was paid to their recommendations for improving the credit system. The main economic, historical and social conditions of the development of mortgage lending and its role in the credit system of the Russian Empire have been investigated. The main problem aspects of that time mortgage are determined and analyzed. The field of application of results. Theoretical conclusions and research results can be used in teaching economics and economic thought courses, as well as other economic disciplines in the training of specialists in economics and banking at universities. Conclusions. The study of the post-reform banking system of the Russian Empire allows us to conclude that reform was a forced step by the government in the process of resuscitation of the banking system. The Ministry of Finance, taking into account the previous unsuccessful experience in creating banks, has stimulated the consolidation of potential consumers of loan products of Zemstvo banks under the terms of mutual responsibility. Nevertheless, despite the progressiveness of such new approaches to lending, the existence of vestiges of pre-reform approaches continued, this was reflected in preferential lending to the nobility. The personality of the representative of the Kyiv School of Economics, Mykola Bunge has a significant place among scientists and practitioners involved in reforming the banking system of the Russian Empire. In addition, the non-state banks of the Dnieper Ukraine, in particular, Kherson Zemsky Bank and Kharkiv Land Bank have become the examples for the formation of similar banking institutions throughout the empire. The study also allows us to conclude that reform has been a significant success due to the technocratic approach in government appointments and the involvement of academics in administration of the State, which is especially relevant for modern Ukraine.
Estimation of level and efficiency of agricultural enterprises social responsibility
Authors: Іhnatenko Mykola 
Published: September 2019

The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation and evaluation of social responsibility of agrarian enterprises. The purpose of the work is to identify, assess and analyze the level and effectiveness of implementing social responsibility of agrarian enterprises and justify the directions, sources, means of increasing its volumes and distribution. Methodological basis of the article became as general scientific, and special methods of scientific knowledge. Methods were used: dialectical, monographic, historical, system-structural analysis and synthesis, problem and program-target approaches, statistical-economic, economic-mathematical, surveys. Results of work. The article reveals features of social responsibility of domestic agrarian enterprises in terms of content, structure and dynamics. An assessment and analysis of its level, causes and risks of mass distribution have been made. Proved suggestions on its growth and efficiency increase. The field of application of results. Conclusions and results of the article can be used in the educational-scientific process of the economic faculties of higher educational institutions. It is expedient to transfer them for practical use to agrarian enterprises, public organizations, rural communities. Conclusions. In the course of the research carried out, significant polarization was found in the effectiveness of development and social responsibility of large and small subjects of agrosphere management, which requires urgent solution to this problem. Indeed, small agricultural formations are understood not only as commodity producers, but they are the basis for the formation of the middle class in the countryside, promote employment and increase the well-being of the population. Therefore, large agribusiness should carry out social responsibility, supporting them, in particular, in the form of commodity lending, sale of finished goods, use of production capacities, development of cooperative and integration processes, and the introduction of innovations.
Main indicators, tendencies and problems of innovative activities development in the countries of the Eurasian economic union
Authors: Rutko Dina 
Published: September 2019

The article describes main indicators of scientific, sci-tech and innovative activity in the Republic of Belarus and in other EAEU member countries. Analyzed information allows identifying the existing development problems of scientific, sci-tech and innovative activities in the EAEU member countries. Thus, in terms of inner financing of research, the EAEU countries lag behind the economically developed countries in the world. In general, research and development costs among the EAEU countries do not exceed 1.2%, which is lower than the world average values (2.12%), as well as the level of other integration associations. Other development problems of scientific, sci-tech and innovative activity in the EAEU countries are: low level of investment in innovative projects; the ineffectiveness of single R&D, which is associated with insufficient study of marketing issues, lack of experience in creating project teams, and fragmentation of developers; the procedure for financing innovative projects aimed at mass replication of already approved technologies and goods, to the detriment of the introduction and dissemination of innovations; low demand for innovative products from the real sector of the economy of the EAEU countries, weak receptivity to innovations, insufficient cooperation with innovation developers; low efficiency of subjects of innovative infrastructure in the field of commercialization of the results of scientific and sci-tech activities; the lack of systematic work on the support of scientific projects, the comprehensive introduction of technology and the development of innovative projects. Conclusions and proposals based on the research help to enhance innovative activity in the EAEU countries. Work justifies that formation of closer ties between scientific and educational institutions, industrial enterprises and government bodies is needed to increase innovative activities in the EAUE countries. The successful experience of the formation and use of these technologies is demonstrated by the EU countries.
Тrade policy as an instrument to promote industrial development in Ukraine
Authors: Kushnirenko Оksana , Zarudna Olga 
Published: September 2019

Relevance of the research topic is due to the rapid growth in world trade, which leads to new challenges for Ukraine’s industry in the context of deepening economic globalization and increasing international competition. Under these conditions, the development and application of effective industrial policy instruments aimed at supporting promising sectors of the processing industry in the process of integration into the world market is very important. Formulation of the problem. New opportunities associated with the further liberalization of foreign trade in an increasingly open and competitive environment require the creation of a favorable environment for promoting the export activities of Ukrainian industrial producers under the constraints of international trade agreements. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. In the context of increasing the influence of integration processes on the development of production, the problem of choosing the most effective instruments of state regulation, which most of all contributed to active cooperation with foreign partners for export-oriented industrial producers of Ukraine, in particular for products with a higher degree of processing, remains insufficiently studied. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The objective of the study is to develop proposals for effective trade policy instruments aimed at supporting the export of industrial products with higher added value within the framework of the existing restrictions of international agreements. Method or methodology for conducting research. General scientific methods are used in the work: abstract-logical, systemic; analysis and synthesis, statistical comparisons, grouping, sampling; expert assessments. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of government policy formation on the main aspects of the export development of industry in the context of integration processes. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of international trade, its geographical vectors, trends in exports and imports of Ukrainian-made industrial goods are disclosed, and effective trade policy instruments are proposed: namely, non-tariff regulatory methods aimed at creating effective policies and institutions and can be used for the eliminating restrictions upon integration of the Ukrainian manufacturer to the international markets.
Sklaverei und Lohnarbeit bei Marx
Authors: Frings Christian 
Published: September 2019

In neuen Beiträgen zur Rolle von Gewalt und Formen unfreier Arbeit im Kapitalismus (Heide Gerstenberger, Marcel van der Linden und Karl Heinz Roth) wird die Ausblendung dieser Dimensionen auf die zentrale Stellung der doppelt freien Lohnarbeit in der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie von Marx zurückgeführt. Der Aufsatz versucht zu zeigen, dass es sich hier um eine Verwechslung der marxschen Kritik mit einer als „Marxismus“ bezeichneten Ideologie der westlichen Arbeiterbewegungen handelt, die eine bestimmte Funktion für die zunehmende Integration dieser Bewegungen in die bürgerliche Gesellschaft hatte. Während Marx an einer radikalen Kritik von Lohnarbeit als einer maskierten und verallgemeinerten Sklaverei festhielt, stellte die „Arbeiterbewegung“ die freie Lohnarbeit als „ehrliche Arbeit“ anderen Formen wie dem Lumpenproletariat und denVersklavten gegenüber. Für Marx produzierten auch die Versklavten in der kapitalistischen, industriellen Plantagensklaverei Wert und Mehrwert. Er konzentriert sich, auch in Kritik an der „Arbeiterbewegung“, auf die Form der Lohnarbeit, weil sie die ideale Mystifizierung und Verschleierung der Ausbeutung im Kapitalismus darstellt.