bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Study of Ultrasonic Velocity Variations During CO2 Flooding in Tuscaloosa Sandstone
Authors: Mohapatra A.. , Rai C. S. , Sondergeld C. H. , Richards T.. 
Published: February 2019

SummarySurface seismic technology offers a promising technique for monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) flood fronts during the enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) process. Changes in the seismic signature have been observed with CO2 flooding, but its quantification with respect to subsurface saturation is still in its infancy. This study is focused on quantifying variation in the seismic parameters (velocity and impedance) as a function of subsurface fluid type and saturation.We present results of a laboratory study in which velocity and density were monitored as the pore fluids (formation brine and oil, and CO2) were replaced sequentially. All the experiments were performed at in-situ pressure conditions on core plugs (Tuscaloosa Sandstone) recovered from a well in a field currently undergoing CO2 flooding. These plugs are characterized as fluvial (quartz ≈87%, clay ≈10%) and distributary channels (quartz ≈75%, clay ≈17%).When dry samples were flooded with brine, a decrease in compressional-wave (P-wave) velocity (≈2%) was observed until 95% saturation of brine was achieved. For the remaining 5% of saturation, the velocity increased by 7 to 12.5%. After attaining 100% brine saturation, oil was pumped to displace the brine until irreducible water saturation was achieved. A linear drop of 3 to 4% in velocity to oil saturation was observed during this step. Thereafter, liquid CO2 was injected to displace the oil/brine system and a drop of 5 to 10% in P-wave velocity was observed. Biot-Gassmann modeling shows good agreement with experimental results for the gas/brine and oil/brine systems, but not for liquid-CO2 flooding.An empirical relationship was derived from the experimental results, and was applied to sonic logs and used for sensitivity analysis of 4D-seismic data. Post-flooded sonic data were compared to a theoretical sonic curve estimated from an empirical and ‘patchy’ model. Also, a significant increase in seismic amplitude difference was observed when CO2 saturation was greater than 50%.
An Experimental Investigation of Polymer Mechanical Degradation at the Centimeter and Meter Scale
Authors: Åsen Siv Marie , Stavland Arne , Strand Daniel , Hiorth Aksel 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this work, we examine the common understanding that mechanical degradation of polymers takes place at the rock surface or within the first few millimeters of the rock. The effect of core length on mechanical degradation of synthetic enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) polymers was investigated. We constructed a novel experimental setup for studying mechanical degradation at different flow velocities as a function of distances traveled. The setup enabled us to evaluate degradation in serial mounted core segments of 3, 5, 8, and 13 cm individually or combined. By recycling, we could also evaluate degradation at effective distances up to 20 m. Using low-velocity reinjection of a polymer solution previously degraded at a higher rate, we simulated the effect of radial flow on degradation.Experiments were performed with two different polymers [high-molecular-weight (MW) hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and low-MW acrylamide tertiary butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS)] in two different brines [0.5% NaCl and synthetic seawater (SSW)].In the linear flow at high shear rates, we observed a decline in degradation rate with distance traveled. Even after 20 m, some degradation occurred. However, the observed degradation was associated with high pressure gradients of 100 bar/m, which at field scale is not realistic. It is possible that oxidative degradation played a significant role during our experiments, where the polymer was cycled many times through a core. This occurrence could significantly affect our suggestion that mechanical degradation still occurs after 20 m or more of flow through a porous medium.The MW of the degraded polymer could be matched with a power-law dependency, MWD ≈ L–x, where x for the HPAM was 0.07 and x for the ATBS was 0.03.In the radial flow, where the velocity decreases by length, the mechanical degradation occurs close to the sandface with only minor degradation deeper in the formation. The length at which degradation reaches a stable condition is not determined.We confirmed previous findings that degradation depends on salinity (Maerker 1975) and MW (Stavland et al. 2010), and results show that in all experiments with significant degradation, most of the degradation takes place in the first core segment. Moreover, the higher the shear rate and degradation, the higher the fraction of degradation that occurs in the first core segment.
Conversational Code-Switching among Bilinguals in Junior High School Reunion Event
Authors: Lestari Firnantia Lara 
Published: February 2019

The goal of this research was to find out the types of code-switching, and the reason of the participants performs code-switching in the conversation. Research used a qualitative approach. The result shows that three types of code-switching occurs in the conversation among bilingual in the junior high school reunion, they are intra-sentential mixing, intra-lexical code mixing, involving a change of pronunciation. The functions of codeswitching usage are as the marker of changing topic, to show their closeness as an old friend, and to show the close relationship among others. The close relationship between the speakers makes the feel free to switch from one language to another. Furthermore, the switching code also has another function as repetition is used to clarify the utterances of by the speakers. Moreover, the code-switching in the conversation are able to declare the excitement feeling towards a particular topic (the interesting topic) that they are talking about.
Representation of Science, Technology, and Memory of Postwar Japan in Japanese Anime
Authors: Budianto Firman 
Published: February 2019

This research discussed the debates over the development of science and technology in postwar Japan portrayed in Tetsujin 28 anime. Most of the notable anime produced in Japan during 1940s to 1980s were closely related with the memory of wartime, as well as the development of science-and-technology. Tetsujin 28, as one of the anime engaged with the memory of postwar Japan, however, had an interesting storyline representing the debates over development of new technology at the period. By using John Fiske’s semiotics analysis, this qualitative research discussed the way Tetsujin 28 initially created by Mitsuteru Yokoyama (1934-2004) represented postwar Japan, as well as the interface between human and new technology developed during the period. The finding shows that postwar Japan represented in this anime is filled with a great sense of optimism in the middle of modernization. Japan is facing the prosperity era whose development is based on science and technology. Furthermore, the existence of Tetsujin 28 and other robotics technology can be seen as a representation of risk following the development of science and technology. On the other hand, the interface between the robot and human being depicted in this anime, in turn, will pave the way for new forms of life and hope for the prosperous nation.
A conceptual evaluation framework for the water and sanitation for health facility improvement tool (WASH FIT)
Authors: Weber Nicole , Patrick Molly , Hayter Arabella , Martinsen Andrea L. , Gelting Rick 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Healthcare facilities (HCFs) in low- and middle-income countries frequently lack water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services that are adequate to implement infection prevention and control (IPC) practices, decrease healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance, and provide quality healthcare. The Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool (WASH FIT), initially published in 2017 and updated in 2018, is a risk-based, continuous improvement framework. The tool aims to improve WASH and related facility management and may contribute to quality of care (QoC) efforts. To date, there is no guidance available on how to monitor and evaluate the use of this tool nor is there rigorous evidence on its effectiveness. We developed a conceptual WASH FIT evaluation framework by drawing from the broader WASH, health systems strengthening, and QoC evidence base. This framework provides a common basis to plan, implement, monitor, and evaluate potential inputs, outputs, outcomes, and impacts from applying WASH FIT. Routine use of the tool, coupled with WASH infrastructure improvements as guided by the tool, can lead to better IPC practices, and may support improvements in occupational safety, QoC, global health security, and ultimately progress towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
Heterogeneous sonocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol-A and the influence of the reaction parameters and ultrasonic frequency
Authors: Dükkancı Meral 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the present study, the sonocatalytic oxidation of Bisphenol-A (BPA) was investigated in the presence of a LaFeO3 perovskite catalyst. The effects of the reaction temperature, initial pH, catalyst loading, presence of inorganic anions and sonication source (power and frequency) on the removal of BPA using heterogeneous sonocatalytic process were investigated. Under the studied temperature range of 288–318 K, 308 K was selected as the optimum temperature and the highest BPA removal and total oxygen demand (TOC) reduction of, 95.8% and 30.4% were achieved at that temperature. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated in the studied temperature range of 288–308 K. It was seen that an acidic pH of 3.0 was favorable for the BPA oxidation with the highest BPA removal and TOC reduction of 95.4% and 31.5%, respectively. Doubling the catalyst amount from 0.25 g/L to 0.5 g/L increased the BPA removal degree from 81.6% to 90.8%. However, further increase in catalyst amount has no remarkable positive effect on the removal of BPA. The removal of BPA was described by the first order kinetics with an activation energy of 14.9 kJ/mol. The results obtained from this study showed that the LaFeO3 perovskite catalyst was a good sonocatalyst giving high oxidation rates of BPA.
Long-term evaluation of membrane bioreactor inoculated with commercial baker's yeast treating landfill leachate: pollutant removal, microorganism dynamic and membrane fouling
Authors: Brito Gabriela C. B. , Lange Liséte C. , Santos Vera L. , Amaral Míriam C. S. , Moravia Wagner G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, commercial baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was employed as a novel inoculum for a membrane bioreactor (MBRy). It was applied to landfill leachate (LFL) treatment to remove recalcitrant organic compounds as well as for the assimilation of recalcitrant compounds, since yeasts have a high ability to break such compounds down. The MBR was inoculated with 10 g L−1 of commercial baker's yeast and was operated at a hydraulic retention time of 48 h and pH of 3.5. The specific air demand based on the membrane area (SADm) was maintained at 0.6 m3 h−1 m−2. The MBRy achieved chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, NH3, and humic substances removal of 68, 79, 68, and 50%, respectively. Furthermore, the MBRy showed lower fouling potential, which can be attributed to the low extracellular polymeric substances production, as the formation of a cake layer was the major mechanism of membrane fouling. The work demonstrated that novel MBR is a promising technology for treating recalcitrant landfill leachate.
The Relationship Between Prostate Cancer and Metformin Consumption: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study
Authors: Ghiasi Bahareh , Sarokhani Diana , Najafi Farid , Motedayen Morteza , Dehkordi Ali Hasanpour 
Published: February 2019

Introduction:
Prostate cancer is the most common malignant cancer in men worldwide and after lung
cancer, it is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men. The purpose of this study was to investigate the
relationship between prostate cancer and metformin consumption in men.

Methods:
The current study is a systematic and meta-analysis review based on the PRISMA statement. To access
the studies of domestic and foreign databases, Iran Medex, SID, Magiran, Iran Doc, Medlib, ProQuest, Science
Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and the Google Scholar search engine were searched during the 2009-
2018 period for related keywords. In order to evaluate the heterogeneity of the studies, Q test and I2 indicator
were used. The data were analyzed using the STATA 15.1 software.

Results:
In 11 studies with a sample size of 877058, the odds ratio of metformin consumption for reducing prostate
cancer was estimated at 0.89 (95%CI: 0.67-1.17). Meta-regression also showed there was no significant relationship
between the odds ratio and the publication year of the study. However, there was a significant relationship
between the odds ratio and the number of research samples.

Conclusion:
Using metformin in men reduces the risk of prostate cancer but it is not statistically significant.
Anticancer Activity of Aminoacid Linked Novel 4-Methylumbelliferone Derivatives
Authors: Sinha Manish , Kaur Baljeet , Kaur Amandeep , Kuletha Shruti , Singh Karanveer , Bhatia Rohit 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Cancer is a disease of high mortality. The therapeutic agents currently available
are insufficient to cure it and are associated with serious side effects. 4-methylumbelliferone is a natural
product containing benzo-&#945;-pyrones as a central nucleus. Benzo-&amp;#945;-pyrone is a privileged moiety having
multifarious biological activities including anticancer activity. A series of compounds were synthesized
taking 4-methylumbelliferone as a core nucleus and screened for their anticancer activity against HeLa
cancer cell line.

Methods:
The 4-methylumbelliferone was linked with aminoacids using chloroacetyl chloride or ethyl
chloroacetate as linker. The N-methylmorpholine and isobutylchloroformate protocol was used for amidic
coupling. The final compounds were tested against the HeLa cancer cell lines using SRB assay protocol.

Results:
Three compounds have shown significant anticancer activity viz 9a, 12f and 15l having GI50
(&amp;#181;g/ml) value of, 56.1, 30.9 and 50.9, respectively. Other compound 9f and 13 showed weak anticancer
activity having GI50 (&amp;#181;g/ml) value of 97.2 and 71.1, respectively.

Conclusion:
It has been found that the synthesized derivatives have inhibitory effect on the growth of
cancer cell line. Compound 12f has been found as the most active compound of the synthesized series.
Nanocarriers For Vaginal Drug Delivery
Authors: Iqbal Zeenat , Dilnawaz Fahima 
Published: February 2019

Background:Vaginal drug delivery approach represents one of the imperative strategies for local and systemic delivery of drugs. The peculiar dense vascular networks, mucus permeability, and range of physiological characteristics of the vaginal cavity have been exploited for therapeutic benefit. Furthermore, the vaginal drug delivery has been curtailed due to the influence of different physiological factors like acidic pH, constant cervical secretion, microflora, cyclic changes during periods along with turnover of mucus of varying thickness.Objective:This review highlights advancement of nanomedicine and its prospective progress towards the clinic.Methods:Relevant literature reports and patents related to topics are retrieved and used. Result: The extensive literature search and patent revealed that nanocarriers are efficacious over conventional treatment approaches.Results:The extensive literature search and patent revealed that nanocarriers are efficacious over conventional treatment approaches.Conclusion:Recently, nanotechnology based drug delivery approach has promised better therapeutic outcomes by providing enhanced permeation and sustained drug release activity. Different nanoplatforms based on drugs, peptides, proteins, antigens, hormones, nucleic material, and microbicides are gaining momentum for vaginal therapeutics.
New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling
Authors: Ye Lingyan , Cao Zheng , Wang Weiwei , Zhou Naiming 
Published: February 2019

Background:Cannabinoid has long been used for medicinal purposes. Cannabinoid signaling has been considered the therapeutic target for treating pain, addiction, obesity, inflammation, and other diseases. Recent studies have suggested that in addition to CB1 and CB2, there are non-CB1 and non-CB2 cannabinoid-related orphan GPCRs including GPR18, GPR55, and GPR119. In addition, CB1 and CB2 display allosteric binding and biased signaling, revealing correlations between biased signaling and functional outcomes. Interestingly, new investigations have indicated that CB1 is functionally present within the mitochondria of striated and heart muscles directly regulating intramitochondrial signaling and respiration.Conclusion:In this review, we summarize the recent progress in cannabinoid-related orphan GPCRs, CB1/CB2 structure, Gi/Gs coupling, allosteric ligands and biased signaling, and mitochondria-localized CB1, and discuss the future promise of this research.
Targeting Chromatin Remodeling for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Kaur Jasmine , Daoud Abdelkader , Eblen Scott T. 
Published: February 2019

Background:Epigenetic alterations comprise key regulatory events that dynamically alter gene expression and their deregulation is commonly linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer. Unlike DNA mutations, epigenetic alterations involve modifications to proteins and nucleic acids that regulate chromatin structure without affecting the underlying DNA sequence, altering the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery to the DNA, thus modulating gene expression. In cancer cells, this often involves the silencing of tumor suppressor genes or the increased expression of genes involved in oncogenesis. Advances in laboratory medicine have made it possible to map critical epigenetic events, including histone modifications and DNA methylation, on a genome-wide scale. Like the identification of genetic mutations, mapping of changes to the epigenetic landscape has increased our understanding of cancer progression. However, in contrast to irreversible genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications are flexible and dynamic, thereby making them promising therapeutic targets. Ongoing studies are evaluating the use of epigenetic drugs in chemotherapy sensitization and immune system modulation. With the preclinical success of drugs that modify epigenetics, along with the FDA approval of epigenetic drugs including the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor 5-azacitidine and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat, there has been a rise in the number of drugs that target epigenetic modulators over recent years.Conclusion:We provide an overview of epigenetic modulations, particularly those involved in cancer, and discuss the recent advances in drug development that target these chromatin-modifying events, primarily focusing on novel strategies to regulate the epigenome.
Inflammatory Biomarkers, Depressive Symptoms and Falls Among the elderly in Panama
Authors: Britton Gabrielle B. , O'Bryant Sid E. , Johnson Leigh A. , Hall James R. , Villarreal Alcibiades E. , Oviedo Diana C. , Pérez-Lao Ambar R. , Carreira María B. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Falls are common among elderly adults, and are predictors of hospitalization,
institutionalization and mortality.

Objective:
The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between blood-based
markers of inflammation and fall events in a sample of elderly Hispanic adults.

Method:
Data were collected from 190 participants enrolled in the Panama Aging Research Initiative
study who completed baseline clinical and cognitive assessments. A non-fasting blood sample
was obtained. Self-reported falls were classified as no falls, single falls or recurrent (two or more)
falls reported in the 12 months prior to baseline evaluations. Serum levels of C Reactive Protein
(CRP), T-lymphocyte secreting protein (I-309), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin
7 (IL-7) were measured. Global cognition was assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination
and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30).
Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the link between inflammation and fall events.

Results:
Depressive symptoms, limitations in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), IL-7
and I-309 were significantly related to fall events. Elevated levels of IL-7 increased the likelihood
of single and recurrent falls, while increased levels of I-309 were associated only with recurrent
falls. Greater IADL limitations and depressive symptoms were associated with an increased likelihood
of recurrent falls.

Conclusion:
There is a lack of research investigating the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers
and fall events. These results provide evidence of risk factors for falls in Hispanic older
adults, and could serve to guide public health professionals to establish clinical guidelines to reduce
fall risks.
Investigation of Stadium Performance: Case of NCAA Division I Football Stadiums as Non-Sporting Event Venues
Authors: Hammond Andrew , Lee Seungbum , Juravich Matthew , Kornspan Alan 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Traditionally, sport facility performance has been overlooked in the scholarly literature. However, in recent years, as the sport industry has become more revenue-driven, non-game day sport facility performance has begun to receive increasing attention. In intercollegiate athletics in the United States, one way that university athletic departments have begun to generate revenue is through the utilization of football stadiums as non-sporting event venues (Lee, Kim, & Parrish, 2015). However, little research has examined how intercollegiate athletic departments strategically utilize football stadiums as non-sporting event venues. Using a mixed methods approach, including qualitative content analysis and open-ended questions, the present study assessed how National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletic departments utilize their football stadium as a non-sporting event venue. Results showed that more than half of NCAA Division I athletic departments provided information as to the availability of their football stadium as a non-sporting event venue. Specifically, almost 70% of Power Five schools provided such information versus only 35% of non-Power Five schools. Also, findings revealed that some athletic departments do not provide this information on their website because they either prefer to keep stadium rental information internal or they are in a transitional stage in which they are working toward providing information about using their football stadium as a non-sporting event venue in the near future. Additionally, the results demonstrate that a majority of the users of football stadiums as non-sporting event venues were from local businesses or organizations. A discussion of the implications of these findings as well as opportunities for future research conclude this study.