bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐intensity management benefits solitary bees in olive groves
Authors: Martínez‐Núñez Carlos , Manzaneda Antonio J. , Isla Jorge , Tarifa Rubén , Calvo Gemma , Molina José L. , Salido Teresa , Ruiz Carlos , Gutiérrez José E. , Rey Pedro J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

One of the current challenges for applied ecologists is to understand how to manage/restore agroecosystems in a sustainable and cost‐effective way. The intermediate landscape complexity hypothesis (ILCH) predicts that the effectiveness of agri‐environmental measures (AES) on biodiversity and ecosystem services recovery is often largest in landscapes of intermediate complexity. This hypothesis has rarely been tested in savanna‐like permanent agroecosystems.

Focusing on pollinators, we test the ILCH at the regional scale in Mediterranean olive orchards, one of the most important permanent agroecosystems in the world. We inferred abundance of cavity‐nesting pollinators in 40 paired olive orchards (extensively vs. intensively managed herbaceous cover) in 20 localities selected across a landscape complexity gradient. We also studied how different magnitudes in local management switches may affect pollinators by considering organic and intensive fields as management extremes in olive orchards. We used 208 trap nests for solitary bees to measure colonization rates. Additionally, we conducted pollinator surveys to ascertain that colonization rate was a representative proxy for pollinator activity.

Our results showed that (a) changes in colonization rates due to local herb cover management peaked at intermediate landscape complexity, with extensively managed fields rendering higher colonization rates. (b) Organic fields had higher colonization rates than their control farms regardless of landscape complexity. (c) There was a highly significant correlation between nest colonization rates and density of pollinators foraging on flowers, which suggests that colonization rate is a good estimator of pollinator activity.

Policy implications. The maintenance of ground herb cover (main agri‐environmental measure in olive orchards) is a cost‐effective investment allowing recuperation of pollinators when targeting olive farms located in landscapes of intermediate complexity. Additionally, fostering organic farming (still minority in olive groves) for the conservation of solitary bees should be a priority for policymakers since its effects are beneficial in any landscape.
“Women of my age tend to drink”: the social construction of alcohol use by Australian and Danish women aged 50–70 years
Authors: Dare Julie , Wilkinson Celia , Traumer Line , Kusk Kathrine H. , McDermott Marie‐Louise , Uridge Lynsey , Grønkjær Mette 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn Australia and Denmark, women aged 50–70 years are more likely than younger women to consume alcohol at levels that exceed national low risk drinking guidelines. To explore and possibly help explain this sociocultural shift in patterns of alcohol use, this research investigated the social construction of alcohol use amongst 49 women (25 in Northern Denmark, 24 in Western Australia) aged 50–69 years. The women viewed drinking as normal and acceptable. While some women reported reducing their drinking due to health concerns, others neutralised alcohol‐related health risks through compensatory behaviours including exercise. Such constructions arguably serve to sustain at‐risk drinking amongst some women. Our research highlights that interventions to minimise alcohol‐related health risks amongst middle‐aged and young‐old women should acknowledge that women's social construction of their drinking practices may prioritise subjective experiences of “being in control” while drinking, over biomedical understandings of the health impacts of alcohol.
Effect of Heat–Moisture Treatment on Physicochemical, Thermal, Morphological, and Structural Properties of Mechanically Activated Large A‐ and Small B‐Wheat Starch Granules
Authors: Hong Jing , Li Limin , Li Chaopeng , Liu Chong , Zheng Xueling , Bian Ke 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe large and small granules of A‐starch (AS) and B‐starch (BS) were separated from wheat cultivar of ZM 22. It was modified by ball‐milling (BM) and heat–moisture treatment (HMT) was performed after BM treatment. After BM, noticeable deformation, fragments, fissures, and grooves were observed, whereas diffusion and aggregation were detected and followed by HMT. Crystallinity of AS‐BM‐5h decreased to 7.8%, and no diffraction peaks were observed for BS. However, after HMT, the crystallinity of AS‐BM‐5h and BS‐BM‐5h was increased to 17.4% and 6.2%, respectively. AS–BM–HMT displayed better thermal stability. After being treated by BM previously, AS and BS showed an increase in solubility, whereas the subsequent HMT of BM‐treated starches (both AS and BS) had higher solubility especially for BS with longer BM treatment time. Large‐sized granules were easier to be damaged by BM, whereas small‐sized granules were greatly influenced by HMT. Dual modification of BM–HMT was an effective and potential method to modify the structure of wheat starch granules and expand its industrial applications.Practical ApplicationThis study put forward a new dual modification method in combination with BM–HMT for large A‐starch and small B‐starch granules. Flour processing inevitably causes some starch to be damaged by destroying the structure. How can the damaged starch structure be improved to satisfy the food processing industry? HMT was proposed to modify the mechanically activated starches because of its obvious effects on smaller BS. HMT can reduce the content of damaged starch by rearranging and reorganizing its structures. This study can provide a low‐cost, convenient, and eco‐friendly technology for improving damaged starch and developing its applications in food industry.
Rebuilding the human testis in vitro
Authors: Oliver E. , Stukenborg J.‐B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIncreasing rates of male infertility have led to a greater need for relevant model systems to gain further insight into male fertility and its failings. Spermatogenesis and hormone production occur within distinct regions of the testis. Defined by specialized architecture and a diverse population of cell types, it is no surprise that disruption of this highly organized microenvironment can lead to infertility. To date, no robust in vitro system has facilitated full spermatogenesis resulting in the production of fertilization‐competent human spermatozoa. Here, we review a selection of current in vitro systems available for modelling the human testis microenvironment with focus on the progression of spermatogenesis and recapitulation of the testis microenvironment.
Associations between QT interval subcomponents, HIV serostatus, and inflammation
Authors: Wu Katherine C. , Bhondoekhan Fiona , Haberlen Sabina A. , Ashikaga Hiroshi , Brown Todd T. , Budoff Matthew J. , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Magnani Jared W. , Kingsley Lawrence A. , Palella Frank J. , Margolick Joseph B. , Martínez‐Maza Otoniel , Altekruse Sean F. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Post Wendy S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe total QT interval comprises both ventricular depolarization and repolarization currents. Understanding how HIV serostatus and other risk factors influence specific QT interval subcomponents could improve our mechanistic understanding of arrhythmias.MethodsTwelve‐lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were acquired in 774 HIV‐infected (HIV+) and 652 HIV‐uninfected (HIV−) men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Individual QT subcomponent intervals were analyzed: R‐onset to R‐peak, R‐peak to R‐end, JT segment, T‐onset to T‐peak, and T‐peak to T‐end. Using multivariable linear regressions, we investigated associations between HIV serostatus and covariates, including serum concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and each QT subcomponent.ResultsAfter adjustment for demographics and risk factors, HIV+ versus HIV− men differed only in repolarization phase durations with longer T‐onset to T‐peak by 2.3 ms (95% CI 0–4.5, p < .05) and T‐peak to T‐end by 1.6 ms (95% CI 0.3–2.9, p < .05). Adjusting for inflammation attenuated the strength and significance of the relationship between HIV serostatus and repolarization. The highest tertile of IL‐6 was associated with a 7.3 ms (95% CI 3.2–11.5, p < .01) longer T‐onset to T‐peak. Age, race, body mass index, alcohol use, and left ventricular hypertrophy were each associated with up to 2.2–12.5 ms longer T‐wave subcomponents.ConclusionsHIV seropositivity, in combination with additional risk factors including increased systemic inflammation, is associated with longer T‐wave subcomponents. These findings could suggest mechanisms by which the ventricular repolarization phase is lengthened and thereby contribute to increased arrhythmic risk in men living with HIV.
Social rhythm therapy—A potentially translatable psychosocial intervention for bipolar disorder
Authors: Crowe Marie , Inder Maree , Swartz Holly A. , Murray Greg , Porter Richard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this paper was to present Social Rhythm Therapy, which has been modified from Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy, by drawing on implementation science to describe a process that for integrating this into routine clinical practice.MethodOn the basis of the principles of user‐centred design, we aimed to modify an existing psychosocial therapy for bipolar disorder to make this readily translatable into a range of clinical practice models which could be further modified based on feedback from end users.ResultsSocial Rhythm Therapy has been adapted from Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy which has demonstrated efficacy in research settings. The adaptation was developed in order to facilitate implementation of some of the key components in routine clinical practice. It is short, relatively simple, easily learned and intended to be flexible.ConclusionsSocial rhythm therapy for bipolar disorder has many characteristics which may make it translatable into clinical practice in different settings. There is a need for studies into the clinical effectiveness of this intervention that has been modified from an evidence‐based intervention.
Degree of Language Experience Modulates Visual Attention to Visible Speech and Iconic Gestures During Clear and Degraded Speech Comprehension
Authors: Drijvers Linda , Vaitonytė Julija , Özyürek Asli 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVisual information conveyed by iconic hand gestures and visible speech can enhance speech comprehension under adverse listening conditions for both native and non‐native listeners. However, how a listener allocates visual attention to these articulators during speech comprehension is unknown. We used eye‐tracking to investigate whether and how native and highly proficient non‐native listeners of Dutch allocated overt eye gaze to visible speech and gestures during clear and degraded speech comprehension. Participants watched video clips of an actress uttering a clear or degraded (6‐band noise‐vocoded) action verb while performing a gesture or not, and were asked to indicate the word they heard in a cued‐recall task. Gestural enhancement was the largest (i.e., a relative reduction in reaction time cost) when speech was degraded for all listeners, but it was stronger for native listeners. Both native and non‐native listeners mostly gazed at the face during comprehension, but non‐native listeners gazed more often at gestures than native listeners. However, only native but not non‐native listeners' gaze allocation to gestures predicted gestural benefit during degraded speech comprehension. We conclude that non‐native listeners might gaze at gesture more as it might be more challenging for non‐native listeners to resolve the degraded auditory cues and couple those cues to phonological information that is conveyed by visible speech. This diminished phonological knowledge might hinder the use of semantic information that is conveyed by gestures for non‐native compared to native listeners. Our results demonstrate that the degree of language experience impacts overt visual attention to visual articulators, resulting in different visual benefits for native versus non‐native listeners.
Diagnose mykobakterieller Hautinfektionen
Authors: Kromer Christian , Fabri Mario , Schlapbach Christoph , Schulze Marco H. , Groß Uwe , Schön Michael P. , Buhl Timo 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose kutaner mykobakterieller Infektionen kann eine Herausforderung darstellen. Aufgrund der großen Bandbreite ihres klinischen Erscheinungsbildes müssen Mykobakteriosen bei vielen entzündlichen Dermatosen differenzialdiagnostisch in Betracht gezogen werden. Die diagnostischen Maßnahmen umfassen die histologische Analyse einschließlich Spezialfärbungen, Kulturen und molekulare mikrobiologische Untersuchungen sowie die Erfassung zellulärer Immunreaktionen des Patienten anhand von Interferon‐γ‐Release‐Assays und Hauttests. Kliniker sollten die angemessene Anwendung und Kombination der Verfahren zur schnellen und korrekten Diagnose von Mykobakteriosen kennen, um Kosten und Verzögerungen aufgrund unnötiger Untersuchungen zu vermeiden. Dieser Minireview fasst die Vorteile, Einschränkungen und Fallstricke der Diagnoseverfahren für mykobakterielle Infektionen der Haut zusammen.
Fluorescence optical imaging for the detection of potential psoriatic arthritis in comparison to musculoskeletal ultrasound
Authors: Erdmann‐Keding Magdalena , Ohrndorf Sarah , Werner Stephanie Gabriele , Glimm Anne‐Marie , Burmester Gerd‐Rüdiger , Kokolakis Georgios , Zuberbier Torsten , Sterry Wolfram , Backhaus Marina , Philipp Sandra 
Published: September 2019

SummaryObjectiveComparison of fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) with grayscale (GS) and power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) to detect joint inflammation in patients with confirmed or suspected psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsPatients (n = 60) with psoriasis and tenderness and/or swelling of joints were separated into two groups: diagnosis confirmed by the treating dermatologist before the start of the study (n = 26), and suspected PsA (n = 34). GS/PDUS of the hand most clinically affected was performed with a dorsal/palmar view (wrist, MCP, PIP, DIP2–5). FOI examination was carried out in a standardized manner by analyzing the predefined Phases 1–3.ResultsFOI was found to be more sensitive than ultrasound (US) for detection of inflammation in PIP/DIP joints (p = 0.035). Confirmed PsA patients showed more findings in FOI P2 and P3, while suspected PsA patients showed more findings in P1. In the confirmed PsA group, most involved joints were MCP joints, while in the suspected PsA group, more involved wrist joints and DIP joints (p = 0.006) were detected with FOI.ConclusionsThe differences between the confirmed and suspected groups indicate that FOI is helpful in the detection of early PsA since P1 may correspond to acute inflammation, whereas P2 and P3 enhancement reflect chronic inflammation. Fluorescence optical imaging might therefore be a novel diagnostic tool for early PsA diagnosis.
MSCopilot, a new multiple sclerosis self‐assessment digital solution: results of a comparative study versus standard tests
Authors: Maillart E. , Labauge P. , Cohen M. , Maarouf A. , Vukusic S. , Donzé C. , Gallien P. , De Sèze J. , Bourre B. , Moreau T. , Louapre C. , Mayran P. , Bieuvelet S. , Vallée M. , Bertillot F. , Klaeylé L. , Argoud A.‐L. , Zinaï S. , Tourbah A. 
Published: September 2019

Background and purposeAssessing patients’ disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) requires time‐consuming batteries of hospital tests. MSCopilot is a software medical device for the self‐assessment of patients with MS (PwMS), combining four tests: walking, dexterity, cognition and low contrast vision. The objective was to validate MSCopilot versus the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC).MethodsThis multicentre, open‐label, randomized, controlled, crossover study enrolled 141 PwMS and 76 healthy controls (HCs). All participants performed MSCopilot and MSFC tests at day 0. To assess reproducibility, 46 PwMS performed the same tests at day 30 ± 3. The primary end‐point was the validation of MSCopilot versus MSFC for the identification of PwMS against HCs, quantified using the area under the curve (AUC). The main secondary end‐point was the correlation of MSCopilot z‐scores with MSFC z‐scores.ResultsIn all, 116 PwMS and 69 HCs were analysed. The primary end‐point was achieved: MSCopilot performance was non‐inferior to that of MSFC (AUC 0.92 and 0.89 respectively; P = 0.3). MSCopilot and MSFC discriminated PwMS and HCs with 81% and 76% sensitivity and 82% and 88% specificity respectively. Digital and standard test scores were highly correlated (r = 0.81; P < 0.001). The test–retest study demonstrated the good reproducibility of MSCopilot.ConclusionThis study confirms the reliability of MSCopilot and its usability in clinical practice for the monitoring of MS‐related disability.
Prognostic significance of tumour budding assessed in gastric carcinoma according to the criteria of the International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference
Authors: Ulase Dita , Heckl Steffen , Behrens Hans‐Michael , Krüger Sandra , Röcken Christoph 
Published: September 2019

AimsIn this study, we aimed to independently evaluate the utility and prognostic value of tumour budding (TB) according to the International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) criteria in a large and a well‐characterised European gastric cancer (GC) cohort.Methods and resultsIn 456 consecutive, surgically treated GCs, TB was assessed according to the ITBCC criteria and scored as Bd0 (no buds), Bd1 (one to four buds), Bd2 (five to nine buds) or Bd3 (≥10 buds). Cases with TB present were divided into low‐ (Bd1/Bd2) and high‐budding (Bd3) groups. The TB score was analysed in relation to the clinicopathological parameters, overall survival (OS) and tumour‐specific survival (TSS); 115 (25.2%) cases had no, 104 (22.8%) had low and 237 (52.0%) had high TB. The TB score correlated significantly with sex, Laurén phenotype, pT‐, pN‐ and M categories, histological grade, R status; and lymph node ratio, lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion and HER2‐, MET‐ and MSI status. In both total and intestinal‐type early invasive GC (n = 57 and n = 41, respectively), significant associations between the presence and extent of TB and presence of lymph node metastasis were detected. Significant differences in OS and TSS between the TB groups were found; however, TB did not retain significance in multivariate models.ConclusionsOur data show that the ITBCC criteria can be applied to GC. The data correlated significantly with the diverse clinicopathological characteristics, including patient outcome, and can help to standardise diagnostics and research into special histological features of malignant tumours in general and GC in particular.
Authentic engagement: A conceptual model for welcoming diverse and challenging consumer and survivor views in mental health research, policy, and practice
Authors: Daya Indigo , Hamilton Bridget , Roper Cath 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs involvement of consumers/survivors in planning, delivery, and evaluation of services has increased, expectations of authentic and effective engagement, versus tokenism, have also risen. Different factors contribute to, or detract from, authentic engagement. Writing from mental health consumer/survivor and nursing positioning, respectively, we aim to redress the common problem of including only a narrow range of views and voices. This paper introduces a conceptual model that supports leaders in research, clinical, service, and policy roles to understand the necessity of engaging with a broader spectrum of consumer/survivor views and voices. The model draws on published consumer/survivor materials, making explicit diverse experiences of treatment and care and identifying the subsequent rich consumer/survivor advocacy agendas. We propose that strong co‐production is made possible by recognizing and welcoming consumer/survivor activist, facilitator, transformer, and humanizer contributions. The conceptual model forms the basis for a proposed qualitative validation project.
Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Scolytinae) associated with young Tasmanian blue gum trees
Authors: Naves Pedro , Bragança Helena , Nóbrega Filomena , Valente Carlos 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEucalypts are among the most widely planted forest trees in the world, and outside their native Australian range, the main arthropod pests are sap‐sucking insects, defoliators, gall‐making insects and xylophagous beetles. We report on a new association between a polyphagous wood‐boring beetle and Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) in Central Portugal. Unidentified wood‐boring insects were found attacking two three‐year‐old E. globulus trees showing signs of decline among otherwise healthy trees in a commercial plantation, in June 2018. Declining trees presented dead twigs and branches, and recently developed epicormic sprouts evident on the trunks. Insects emerging from logs were identified as Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff), a species native to eastern and southern Asia, with the taxonomic identification validated by molecular analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first record of A. rubricollis associated with a eucalypt species worldwide. It is not clear whether the beetles played any significant role on the decline of the trees, but Ambrosiodmus may be potential pests for several tree and shrub species in Europe, as these beetles can transport pathogenic fungi.
Chemical additives enhance the activity of a Bt‐based biopesticide targeting the beet webworm larvae
Authors: Opisa Selpha , Akutse Komivi Senyo , du Plessis Hannalene , Fiaboe Komi Kouma Mokpokpo , Ekesi Sunday 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpoladea recurvalis (Fbr.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae can cause up to 100% foliage loss on amaranths during severe outbreaks. The Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. kurstaki product Halt® is a biologically safe biopesticide recommended for the management of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). Spoladea recurvalis larvae are less susceptible to the product. Thirteen chemical additives to improve the efficacy of a Bt spray for control of S. recurvalis were evaluated in laboratory bioassays against second‐instar larvae. All the additives except calcium chloride caused an increase in mortality when applied in mixtures with Bt. Among the seven inorganic salts, boric acid was the only inorganic acid that caused more than 50% larval mortality. Boric acid at a concentration of 0.05% increased the activity of B. thuringiensis by 2.9‐fold. Boric acid had the shortest LT50 values of 5.3 days compared with all other combinations. Two nitrogenous compounds, peptone and sodium nitrate, caused 54 and 51% larval mortalities; however, this increase in efficacy was not significantly different from the mortalities caused by Bt applied without any additive. Urea increased larval mortality from 40% to 51%, although the increase was not significant from a Bt spray application only. Citric acid had no significant effect on the efficacy of Bt spray against S. recurvalis larvae. Overall, among the additives evaluated, the efficacy of Bt spray was most enhanced by boric acid and could be further evaluated under field conditions for validation, and integration into an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy for S. recurvalis management.