bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of acid hydrolysis waste liquid recycle on preparation of microcrystalline cellulose
Authors: Xiu Huijuan , Cheng Rui , Li Jinbao , Ma Feiyan , Song Te , Yang Xue , Feng Pan , Zhang Xuefei , Kozliak Evguenii , Ji Yun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLarge amounts of acidic waste are produced on the industrial scale during hydrolysis of partially amorphous cellulose to produce microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The essential disposal and treatment of this highly acidic liquid wastes the acid feedstock and increases the production cost. To maximize the use of acid without sacrificing the MCC product quality, this project reports a successful attempt to recycle the acid hydrolysis waste liquid, focusing on the impact of waste recycling on MCC morphology and reducing sugar in the hydrolysate. The results showed that when the waste liquid is recycled 1-5 times, no metal accumulation occurred while cellulose particles remained intact, maintaining their shape and size. Their extent of crystallinity remained nearly constant, even increasing slightly with up to three cycles. The concentration of reducing sugar showed growth when recycling the waste liquid up to three times, although not quite to the levels that would allow for its cost-effective fermentation. The acid amount to be added at the start of each cycle was near 50% of that used on the first stage.
Study of fabrication of fully aqueous solution processed SnS quantum dot-sensitized solar cell
Authors: Ngoi Kok Kwong , Jun Hieng Kiat 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this prelimnary work, the aim was to fabricate a simple tin (II) sulfide (SnS) quantum dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) from aqueous solution. The SnS QDSSCs were characterized by using current-voltage test (I-V test), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. SEM results showed the presence of TiO2 and SnS elements in the sample, confirming the successful synthesis of SnS quantum dots (QDs). The overall efficiency of QDSSCs increased when concentration of the precursor solutions, which were aqueous sodium sulfide and tin (II) sulfate decreased from 0.5 M to 0.05 M. On the other hand, for a fixed precursor concentration, the efficiency of QDSSC reduced once an optimal cycle of of successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) was achieved. The bandgap energies of QDs obtained by extrapolating the Tauc plot were used to predict the QDs size. In general, the QD size was bigger for samples prepared from precursor concentration of 0.5 M, and with higher number of SILAR cycle used. The best performance was obtained from sample prepared from 0.05 M precursor concentration with 4 SILAR cycles.
Modelling and optimisation of oxidative desulphurisation of tyre-derived oil via central composite design approach
Authors: Cherop Peter Tumwet , Kiambi Sammy Lewis , Musonge Paul 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to apply the central composite design technique to study the interaction of the amount of formic acid (6-12 mL), amount of hydrogen peroxide (6-10 mL), temperature (54-58°C) and reaction time (40-60 min) during the oxidative desulphurisation (ODS) of tyre-derived oil (TDO). The TDO was oxidised at various parametric interactions before being subjected to solvent extraction using acetonitrile. The acetonitrile to oil ratios used during the extraction were 1:1 and 1:2. The content of sulphur before and after desulphurisation was analysed using ICP-AES. The maximum sulphur removal achieved using a 1:1 acetonitrile to oxidised oil ratio was 86.05%, and this was achieved at formic acid amount, hydrogen peroxide amount, temperature and a reaction time of 9 mL, 8 mL, 54°C and 50 min respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the reduced cubic model could best predict the sulphur removal for the ODS process. Coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9776), adjusted R2 = 0.9254, predicted R2 = 0.8356 all indicated that the model was significant. In addition, the p-value of lack of fit (LOF) was 0.8926, an indication of its insignificance relative to pure error.
An environmentally friendly acylation reaction of 2-methylnaphthalene in solvent-free condition in a micro-channel reactor
Authors: Li Wenpeng , Jin Haibo , Yang Suohe , Guo Xiaoyan , He Guangxiang , Zhang Rongyue 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn efficient and solvent-free acylation of 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MN) is presented using acid chloride as both the acylating agent and solvent in a micro channel reactor. The effect of the catalyst, reactant ratio, mixing temperature, reaction temperature and reaction time on the product yield and selectivity was investigated. At room temperature with a reaction time of only 15 min, the target product, 2-methyl-6-propionylnaphthalene (2,6-MPN), was obtained in 72.3% yield with 73.8% selectivity, and 2-methyl-6-acetylnaphthalene (2,6-MAN) was obtained in 54.1% yield with 55.4% selectivity. The route of synthesis provides a more environmentally friendly and efficient method to prepare 2,6-MPN with no other toxic solvents and efficient mass transfer and heat transfer.
Failure mechanism and acoustic emission signal characteristics of coatings under the condition of impact indentation
Authors: Tian-Shun Dong , Ran Wang , Guo-Lu Li , Ming Liu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this work, the substrate, NiCr coating, Al2O3 coating with NiCr undercoating and Al2O3 coating were tested by an impact indentation device equipped with an acoustic emission (AE) detection equipment. The surface morphology, dimension, cross-sectional image, 3D topography of indention and bonding strength of coatings were analyzed. The failure mechanism and AE signal characteristics of the coatings under impact were studied. The results demonstrate that the failure mode of NiCr coating was dominated by interface cracking, and that of Al2O3 coating is fracture and accompanied by a small amount of interface cracking, while Al2O3 coating with NiCr undercoating possesses common characteristics of the first two. The energy counting and wave voltage of AE signal were more sensitive to the bonding strength of coating in the impact process, which can be used to characterize the bonding strength of coating.
Reducing Surface Cracks and Improving Cleanliness of H-Beam Blanks in Continuous Casting — Improving continuous casting of H-beam blanks
Authors: Chen Wei , Yang Gaiyan , Zhu Liguang , Wang Xingjuan , He Baomin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA beam blank is ideal for H-beam production, but there are more defects in/on beam blanks than other common blanks. The study of the H-beam blank quality assurance system has great significance for production to determine the key factors causing defects and optimise the casting process parameters. Experimental analysis and numerical simulation, based on an actual production process, were used as research methods. The former was used to test and analyse the cracks, inclusions, and the flux in the mould to determine the preliminary factors causing defects in a beam blank. The latter was used to simulate the flow and temperature fields and the movement of inclusions to determine the key factor leading to defects and to optimize the casting process parameters. Online implementation of the recommendations of this project was developed, which proved that it is very useful and efficient to control surface cracks on the web and enhance cleanliness of an H-beam blank.
Macroeconomic Regimes, Technological Shocks and Employment Dynamics
Authors: Ferraresi Tommaso , Roventini Andrea , Semmler Willi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe debate about the impact of technology on employment has always had a central role in economic theory. At the same time, the nexus of technological progress and employment might depend on macroeconomic regimes. In this work we investigate the interrelations among technology, output and employment in the U.S. economy in growth recessions vs. growth expansions. More precisely, using U.S. data we estimate different threshold vector autoregressions (TVARs) with TFP, hours, and GDP, employing the latter as threshold variable, and assess the generalized impulse responses of GDP and hours as to TFP shocks. For our entire period of observation, 1957Q1–2011Q4, positive technology shocks, while spurring GDP growth, by and large, display a negative effect on hours worked in growth recessions, but they are not significantly different from zero in good times. Yet, since the mid eighties (1984Q1–2011Q4) productivity shocks increase hours worked in low growth periods. The results are mainly driven by the response of labor along the extensive margin (number of employees), and remain persistent so in the face of a battery of robustness checks.
Experience of intravenous calcium treatment and long-term responses to treatment in a patient with hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets resulting from a novel mutation
Authors: Bayramoğlu Elvan , Şavaş Erdeve Şenay , Shi Yufei , Keskin Melikşah , Çetinkaya Semra , Kurnaz Erdal , Muratoğlu Şahin Nursel , Aycan Zehra 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Vitamin D resistant rickets (HVDRR), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene mutations. There is no standard treatment in HVDRR.

Case report
The patient was a 3-year-old girl presenting with short stature, genu varum deformity, waddling gait and alopecia. She had hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism and normal 1.25-(OH)2D levels. The patient was initially treated with calcitriol and high-dose oral calcium (Ca) for 22 months. The patient was treated with continuous high dose intravenous (i.v.) Ca therapy for 4 months, following initial lack of response to oral Ca and calsitriol. At the end of the 4 months, rickets was dramatically improved and did not recur for 3 years after i.v. Ca therapy. DNA sequence analyses of the VDR gene showed a homozygous novel mutation.

Conclusions
We identified a novel VDR gene mutation, and we concluded that i.v. Ca therapy from the central catheter is a safe treatment in HVDRR.
(Im)politeness at a Chinese dinner table: A discursive approach to (im)politeness in multi-party communication
Authors: Xia Dengshan , Lan Chun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article presents a detailed analysis of (im)politeness in a naturally occurring multi-party conversation and in doing so challenges the theoretical premise of dyadic communication in traditional politeness research. Informed by the classical theories of Leech (1983) and Brown and Levinson (1987), traditional politeness research has largely been framed in the dyadic model of communication, without taking into full consideration the influence of other participants. Following a number of discursive theorists, we propose that (im)polite utterances are not always addressed exclusively at one hearer or one party of hearers. More often than not, the other parties present exert considerable influence on the design and interpretation of (im)polite utterances as well. Our analyses of three extracts of a multi-party conversation from a Chinese dinner table demonstrate that in a triad involving a relational coalition of two participants, the (im)politeness in some speech acts can be extended or transformed in specific contexts. In particular, a compliment directed at one member of the coalition tends to be polite at the same time to the other member; and a criticism between the coalition members may be polite to the third party under some circumstances. It is argued that the extension and transformation of (im)politeness in a multi-party context are culturally motivated and conditioned by the interpersonal relationships among the different parties. The study points to the need for further research on (im)politeness in a multi-party context.
Overall buckling behaviour of laminated CFRP tubes with off-axis ply orientation in axial compression
Authors: Zhu Ruijie , Li Feng , Zhang Dongdong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation of overall buckling behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) tubes with different off-axis ply orientations. A series of specimens are designed and prepared with stacking sequences [0
∘

4/±θ∘], with θ corresponding to either 0, 90, 45 or 60. Axial compression tests with effective end-reinforcement and hinge support are performed to investigate the overall buckling behaviour. With respect to the future design and application of CFRP tubes with this type of stacking sequence, column curves for each stacking sequences and all test data are fitted based on Perry-Robertson formula. With respect to the high stress level in the relatively short CFRP tube that facilitates the development of defects, test data present high levels of discreetness. We propose a strategy for engineering safe design in which a reduction factor is added to the original reduction factor based on statistical analysis when the universal slenderness ratio is less than 2.
Sequential organization of hinting in online task-oriented L2 interaction
Authors: Balaman Ufuk 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study aims to explore the sequential organization of hinting in an online task-oriented L2 interactional setting. Although hinting has been studied within conversation analysis literature, it has not yet been treated as a distinct type of social action. With this in mind, the study sets out to describe the sequential environment of hinting through the unfolding of the action with pre-hinting sequences initiated through the deployment of interrogatives, knowledge checks, and past references; maintained with base hinting sequences initiated through blah blah replacements, designedly incomplete utterances, and metalinguistic clues; and finally progressively resolved with screen-based hinting. Based on the examination of screen-recorded video-mediated interactions (14 hours) of geographically dispersed participants using multimodal conversation analysis, this study provides insights for an overall understanding of the interactional trajectory of hinting as a context-specific social action and contributes to research on L2 interaction in online settings.
Numerical Study on Thermal Choke Behaviors Driven by Various Rocket Operations in an RBCC Engine in Ramjet Mode
Authors: Shi Lei , Gao Da , Xing Liangliang , Qin Fei , He Guoqiang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Thermal choke is commonly employed in a fixed geometry RBCC combustor to eliminate the need for physically variable exit geometry. This paper proposed detailed numerical studies based on a two-dimensional integration model to characterize thermal choke behaviors driven by various embedded rocket operations in an RBCC engine at Mach 4 in ramjet mode. The influences of different embedded rocket operations as well as the corresponding secondary fuel injection adjustment on thermal choke generation process, the related thermal throat feature, and the engine performance are analyzed. Operations of embedded rocket bring significant effects on the thermal choke behaviors: (1) the thermal throat feature becomes much more irregular influenced by the rocket plume; (2) the occupancy range in the combustor is significantly lengthened; (3) the asynchrony of the flow in different regions accelerating to sonic speed becomes much more significant; (4) as the rocket throttling ratio decreases, the thermal choke position constantly moves upstream integrally, and the heated flow in the top region that is directly affected by the rocket plume reaches sonic speed more rapidly. Finally, we can conclude that appropriate secondary fuel injection adjustment can provide a higher integration thrust for the RBCC engine with the embedded rocket operating, while the thermal choke is stably controlled, and the increased heat release and combustion pressure are well balanced by the variations of pre-combustion shocks in the inlet isolator.
Exercise Interventions for the Management of Huntington's Disease
Authors: Huffman Christopher 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
EVALUATING AND IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE TO MAINTAINING THE LONG-TERM PHYSICAL CAPABILITY OF INDIVIDUALS WITH HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE (HD). BECAUSE MOST PHARMACOLOGIC AND PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENTS FOR HD ARE FOCUSED ON THE MANAGEMENT OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE RATHER THAN DELAYING PROGRESSIVE ONSET OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATION, EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS MAY BE A PROMISING SOLUTION TO PROVIDE BENEFICIAL IMPROVEMENTS IN FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AND NEUROMOTOR FUNCTION WHILE DELAYING CARE DEPENDENCY.
Strength and Conditioning Off-season Programming for High School Swimmers
Authors: Waller Michael , Shim Andrew , Piper Timothy 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
COMPETITION SWIMMING HAS DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF DISTANCES, INDIVIDUAL, RELAY, AND SWIM STROKES THAT ALL REQUIRE PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE TO SUCCEED. AN EFFECTIVE DRY-LAND PLAN THAT USES BOTH UPPER- AND LOWER-BODY PROGRAMMING CAN IMPROVE SWIMMER STRENGTH, POWER, SWIM EFFICIENCY, AND INJURY PREVENTION. THE CURRENT PROGRAMMING IS SPECIFIC TO THE OFF-SEASON TRAINING FOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL SWIMMERS THAT HAVE GENERAL PREPARATION AND SPECIAL PREPARATION PHASES. THESE PHASES HAVE TESTS FOR MONITORING PURPOSES, STRENGTH TRAINING, POWER EXERCISES, AND INJURY PREVENTION OUTLINED IN THE PROGRAM.
Analysis of Price Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers in Maize Production in Gudeya Bila District, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia: Stochastic, Dual Cost approach
Authors: Edosa Tolesa Tesema , Kebede Temesgen , Shumeta Zekarias 
Published: May 2019

Even if Ethiopia had adopted different strategy and policies the productivity of agricultural production is not as meet the demand of the peoples. The aim of this study was to analyze productivity and price efficiency of smallholder farmers in maize production in the study area. To meet the stated objectives primary data were collected using structured questionnaires from 154 randomly selected sample households during the 2017/18 production year. Copdoglous production function was applied to analysis productivity where as dual cost is used to estimate price efficiency. Tobit model was used to identify factors affecting price efficiency level. Price efficiency were 70.06%. Thus the results reveal exists considerable levels of price inefficiencies in maize production in study area. The Tobit model results revealed that livestock holding and participation in off/non-farm activities had positive effect and distance of maize plot from home were found to had negative effect on price efficiency The result indicated that there exists a room to increase the price efficiency of maize producers in the study area. For realizing significant price efficiency gains policies and strategies of the government should be directed towards increasing farmer’s livestock holding and promoting off/non-farm activities.
Estimation of Stature from Second and Fourth Digit Lengths in Young Adults
Authors: Mutluay Şükriye Deniz , Bozkır Memduha Gülhal 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: Estimating stature from long extremity bones, such as femur, humerus, is commonly usedduring forensic examinations. The aim of this study is to estimate stature by anthropometric measurements of right and left-hands second (2D) and fourth digit (4D) lengths.
Method:The sample group consisted of 140 young adults, 70 male and 70 females (aged 21-19 years), whose 2D and 4D lengths were measured (using digital vernier caliper) of their left and right hands. One measurement was taken directly from landmarks from the proximal metacarpophalangeal crease to the finger tips.
The program SPSS (Version 17.0) was used to make a descriptive analysis, Student’s t-test was usedto analyze the difference in height 2D and 4D between males and females. One-way ANOVA was usedto determine the potential interactions between anthropometric measurements within each other and stature. Pearson Correlation coefficient and related P values were also used. Statistical significance was assigned to p values <0.05. Linear and multiple regressions were also developed.
Results:The differences between the right-and the left fingers length values were statistically significant for both sexes (p<0.001). In all, the measurements of males were significantly higher than females. The correlation coefficients between stature and the measurements of second and fourth digit were found to be positive and statistically significant. The highest correlation coefficient between stature and digit length for males regarded the right second digit (r=0.505), and for females, the left second digit (r=0.596). Regression equations were checked for accuracy by comparing the estimated stature and actual stature.
Conclusion: Both regression models can...
Amanos Dağları’ndan Oppioid Oribatid Akarların (Acari, Oribatida, Oppioidea) Yeni Lokalite Kayıtları
Authors: AY Yasemin , AYYILDIZ Nusret 
Published: May 2019

Oribatid akarlar; vücut
büyüklükleri tipik olarak 300-700 µm arasında değişmekle birlikte kitlesel
olarak 150-2000 µm aralığında olabilen, genellikle toprağın organik tabakasında
yaşamlarını sürdüren eklembacaklılardır. Bu çalışmada 2012, 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında
Amanos Dağları’ndan toplanan oppioid oribatid akarlar incelendi. Araştırma
alanından toplanan materyalden akarların özütlenmesi, tespiti, muhafazası ve
preparasyonu için standart yöntemler kullanıldı. Oppioid oribatid akarların
tanısı; stereo, ışık ve tarama elektron mikroskobu incelemeleri ve literatür
esas alınarak yapıldı. Sonuç olarak; Oppiidae Selnick, 1937 ve Epimerellidae
Ayyıldız ve Luxton, 1989 familyalarına ait olan ve daha önce Türkiye’de
kaydedilen fakat araştırma alanından ilk defa tespit edilen 7 takson
belirlendi. Bunlar Oppia nitens Koch,
1836, Ramusella (Insculptoppia) insculpta (Paoli, 1908), Microppia
minus longisetosa Subías ve Rodríguez, 1988, Berniniella serratirostris hauseri (Mahunka, 1974), Lauroppia fallax (Paoli, 1908), Oppiella (O.) nova nova (Oudemans, 1902)
ve Epimerella marasensis Toluk ve
Ayyıldız, 2013’tür. Sonuç olarak; örneklerimize dayanarak yapısal
özellikleri verilen oppioid oribatid akarlar taksonomik bakımdan
değerlendirildi.
Habitat and Nest Site Selection of the European Rollers in the Northern Anatolia
Authors: ŞAHİN ARSLAN Necmiye , ARSLAN AKVERAN Gönül 
Published: May 2019

In this study, habitat preferences of the European Rollers (Coracias garrulus) in the Northern Anatolia was investigated, in 2014 breeding season. Total of 31 breeding pairs in 4 certain roller sites were located. The average distance between the breeding territories was 1.2 km in one of the roller sites with 17 pairs. Both solitary and colonial breeding pairs were recorded. Overall, 8, 2 and 2 nests (total of 12 nests) were located on sand quarries, concrete buildings and abandoned magpie nests on electrical poles, respectively. The habitat preferences were determined within a radius of 300 m and 1000 m around the nest site for the breeding and foraging habitats, respectively. We conducted the spatial analysis in ArcGIS 10.5 using Corine Land Cover 2012 database. Agricultural areas were the major land cover types where the European Rollers breed in our study. Use of unfavorable habitats and other nest sites including magpie nests necessitated a conservation program for the European Rollers in the study area.