bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condom Social Marketing Effects in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review Update, 1990 to 2019
Authors: Sweat Michael D. , Yeh Teresa , Kennedy Caitlin , O’Reilly Kevin , Armstrong Kevin , Fonner Virginia 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To update the prior systematic review from studies published in the past 9 years that examine the effects of condom social marketing (CSM) programs on condom use in low- and middle-income countries. Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, and EMBASE. Hand searching of AIDS, AIDS and Behavior, AIDS Care, and AIDS Education and Prevention. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: (a) Published from 1990 to January 16, 2019, (b) low- or middle-income country, (c) evaluated CSM, (d) analyses across preintervention to postintervention exposure or across multiple study arms, (e) measured condom use behavior, and (f) sought to prevent HIV transmission. Data Extraction: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 2 reviewers extracted citation, inclusion criteria, methods, study population, setting, sampling, study design, unit of analysis, loss to follow-up, comparison group characteristics, intervention characteristics, and eligible outcome results. Data Synthesis: The 2012 review found 6 studies (combined N = 23 048). In a meta-analysis, the pooled odds ratio for condom use was 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-2.84) for the most recent sexual encounter and 2.10 (95% CI: 1.51-2.91) for a composite of all condom use outcomes. Studies had significant methodological limitations. Of 518 possible new citations identified in the update, no new articles met our inclusion criteria. Conclusions: More studies are needed with stronger methodological rigor to help provide evidence for the continued use of this approach globally. There is a dearth of studies over the past decade on the effectiveness of CSM in increasing condom use in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).
How do resistance training and balance and motor control training affect gait performance and fatigue impact in people with multiple sclerosis? A randomized controlled multi-center study
Authors: Callesen Jacob , Cattaneo Davide , Brincks John , Kjeldgaard Jørgensen Marie-Louise , Dalgas Ulrik 
Published: July 2019

Background: Despite a shared purpose of improving functional capacity, the principles of progressive resistance training (PRT) and balance and motor control training (BMCT) are fundamentally different. Objectives: To investigate the effects of PRT and BMCT on gait performance and fatigue impact in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Methods: A multi-center, single-blinded, cluster-randomized controlled trial with two intervention groups (PRT and BMCT) and a control group (CON). The interventions lasted 10 weeks. A total of 71 participants with impaired mobility (Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW) > 5 seconds or Six Spot Step Test (SSST) > 8 seconds) were enrolled. Primary outcomes were the T25FW and the SSST. Fatigue impact, self-perceived gait function, 6-minute walk, balance, and muscle strength were secondary outcomes. Results: In total, 83% completed the study. The primary comparisons showed that BMCT, but not PRT, improved T25FW, SSST, and self-perceived gait function when compared to CON. Secondary comparisons showed that BMCT improved SSST more than PRT, while T25FW did not differ. Both BMCT and PRT reduced the fatigue impact. Finally, the effect of BMCT was superior to PRT on dynamic balance, while PRT was superior to BMCT on knee extensor muscle strength. Conclusion: BMCT, but not PRT, was superior to CON in improving gait performance, while both BMCT and PRT reduced fatigue.
Operative Outcomes of Concomitant Minimally Invasive Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Surgery
Authors: Kilic Arman , Szeto Wilson Y. , Atluri Pavan , Acker Michael A. , Clark Hargrove W. 
Published: July 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of concomitant tricuspid valve surgery (TVS) negatively impacted operative outcomes of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS). Methods Patients undergoing MIMVS via a port-access right minithoracotomy between 2002 and 2014 at a single institution were reviewed. Patients were primarily stratified by those undergoing isolated MIMVS versus MIMVS+TVS. Propensity-matched cohorts were generated. Operative outcomes were compared between the propensity-matched cohorts and included operative mortality, complications, and length of hospital stay. Results A total of 1,158 patients underwent MIMVS via port-access right minithoracotomy. The majority of cases were elective (93%; n = 1,071) and 148 (13%) underwent concomitant MIMVS + TVS. Patients undergoing MIMVS + TVS were at higher risk at baseline. After propensity-matching, there were 119 isolated MIMVS and 119 MIMVS + TVS patients that were well matched with respect to all baseline variables. Cardiopulmonary bypass (148 ± 54 minutes versus 175 ± 54 minutes, P < 0.001) and aortic occlusion times (105 ± 36 minutes versus 128 ± 40 minutes, P < 0.001) were longer in the MIMVS + TVS group. Operative mortality was comparable (3% isolated MIMVS versus 4% for MIMVS + TVS; P = 0.73). Permanent pacemakers were required less frequently in the isolated MIMVS group (1% versus 6%; P = 0.03). All other complication rates were similar. Median length of hospital stay (7 versus 8 days; P = 0.13) and discharge-to-home rates (89% versus 94%; P = 0.15) were comparable. Conclusions Despite longer operative times, minimally invasive TVS performed concomitantly with MIMVS has similar operative outcomes with the exception of a higher pacemaker rate when compared with isolated MIMVS.
Health-Care Administrator Perspectives on Prevention Guidelines and Healthy Lifestyle Counseling in a Primary Care Setting in New York State
Authors: Sorensen Julie , Johansson Helene , Jerdén Lars , Dalton James , Sheikh Henna , Jenkins Paul , May John , Weinehall Lars 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The incidence of chronic disease and treatment costs have been steadily increasing in the United States over the past few decades. Primary prevention and healthy lifestyle counseling have been identified as important strategies for reducing health-care costs and chronic disease prevalence. This article seeks to examine decision-makers’ experiences and self-perceived roles in guideline and lifestyle counseling implementation in a primary care setting in the United States. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with administrators at a health-care network in Upstate New York and with state-level administrators, such as insurers. Decision-makers were asked to discuss prevention guidelines and healthy lifestyle counseling, as well as how they support implementation of these initiatives. Interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis framework and relevant sections of text were sorted using a priori codes. Results: Interviews identified numerous barriers to guideline implementation. These included the complexity and profusion of guidelines, the highly politicized nature of health-care provision, and resistance from providers who sometimes prefer to make decisions autonomously. Barriers to supporting prevention counseling included relatively time-limited patient encounters, the lack of reimbursement mechanisms for counseling, lack of patient resources, and regulatory complexities. Conclusions: Our research indicates that administrators and administrative structures face barriers to supporting prevention activities such as guideline implementation and healthy lifestyle counseling in primary care settings. They also identified several solutions for addressing existing primary prevention barriers, such as relying on nurses to provide healthy lifestyle support to patients. This article provides an important assessment of institutional readiness to support primary prevention efforts.
Comparative Analysis of Public Knowledge Bases for Precision Oncology
Authors: Pallarz Steffen , Benary Manuela , Lamping Mario , Rieke Damian , Starlinger Johannes , Sers Christine , Wiegandt David Luis , Seibert Marc , Ševa Jurica , Schäfer Reinhold , Keilholz Ulrich , Leser Ulf 
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE Precision oncology depends on the availability of up-to-date, comprehensive, and accurate information about associations between genetic variants and therapeutic options. Recently, a number of knowledge bases (KBs) have been developed that gather such information on the basis of expert curation of the scientific literature. We performed a quantitative and qualitative comparison of Clinical Interpretations of Variants in Cancer, OncoKB, Cancer Gene Census, Database of Curated Mutations, CGI Biomarkers (the cancer genome interpreter biomarker database), Tumor Alterations Relevant for Genomics-Driven Therapy, and the Precision Medicine Knowledge Base. METHODS We downloaded each KB and restructured their content to describe variants, genes, drugs, and gene-drug associations in a common format. We normalized gene names to Entrez Gene IDs and drug names to ChEMBL and DrugBank IDs. For the analysis of clinically relevant gene-drug associations, we obtained lists of genes affected by genetic alterations and putative drug therapies for 113 patients with cancer whose cases were presented at the Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) of the Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that the KBs are largely overlapping but also that each source harbors a notable amount of unique information. Although some KBs cover more genes, others contain more data about gene-drug associations. Retrospective comparisons with findings of the Charitè MTB at the gene level showed that use of multiple KBs may considerably improve retrieval results. The relative importance of a KB in terms of cancer genes was assessed in more detail by logistic regression, which revealed that all but one source had a notable impact on result quality. We confirmed these findings using a second data set obtained from an independent MTB. CONCLUSION To date, none of the existing publicly available KBs on gene-drug associations in precision oncology fully subsumes the others, but all of them exhibit specific strengths and weaknesses. Consideration of multiple KBs, therefore, is essential to obtain comprehensive results.
Disgusting Affects from the Antinomian Controversy to the Antiabortion Movement
Authors: Farrell Molly 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFocusing on disgust opens up critical paths that involve more expansive scopes of space and time than are possible with strictly historicist approaches to Puritan studies. This essay investigates the remarkably similar tactics for inducing disgust in narratives from the 1640s of the antinomians’ monstrous births and in the US Senate floor debate of the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act just before the Iraq War in 2003. In both instances, rhetoric comparing familiar bodies to unfamiliar corporeal forms conjures powerful feelings of disgust that legitimize intervention. These powerful affective tactics help identify “rogues” to be eradicated—either colonial rogues, a “rogue procedure,” or a “rogue state”—hardening the border-focused feelings of disgust into hegemonic control. The essay concludes by taking a cue from the Puritans about embracing the inevitability of encountering disgusting feelings alongside wondrous ones, as well as inspiration from testimonies of abortion providers in the years immediately following Roe v. Wade, and arguing that critical attention to disgust enables the possibility of imagining a multiplicity of responses to different forms of embodiment.
Donna Tartt’s Dostoevsky: Trauma and the Displaced Self
Authors: Corrigan Yuri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis essay explores Donna Tartt’s adaptation of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novels The Adolescent, The Idiot, and The Brothers Karamazov in The Goldfinch as a guide to understanding Dostoevsky’s unorthodox and theologically inflected theory of trauma. The essay argues that both authors approach traumatic memory through the ancient folkloric archetype of the “external soul” (the inner essence displaced into external objects for safekeeping) and conceive of the healing process as the attempt to bring the externalized soul—and its unwanted memories—back into the body. This motif allows both writers to reimagine the concept of the soul in modern secular terms: in Tartt’s conception of post-traumatic “soul loss” as a critical stage in the moral and aesthetic education of the self, and in Dostoevsky’s view of wounded memory as opening up the self to the more expansive, overwhelming trauma of religious experience. Tartt’s use of Dostoevsky in The Goldfinch underscores the Russian author’s value to contemporary trauma studies as an alternative to the prevailing canon.
Thresholds of the Novel: Realism, the Inhuman, the Ethical in J. M. Coetzee'sFoe
Authors: Bolin J. S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe end of a novel is the site of particular epistemic privilege. If the form is governed by a biographical master plot, the “meaning of the life,” as Benjamin has it, is “revealed only in [the] death” that is the plot's narrative limit—and beyond this limit “the novelist . . . cannot hope to take the smallest step.” Such a limit is seemingly crossed in one of the most difficult and quite possibly the strangest of passages in J. M. Coetzee's fiction: the ending of Foe. This book's self-conscious re-presentation of the origins of the English novel (and of Defoe's inauguration of the genre's biographical pattern) culminates in a surreal encounter that Coetzee's readers have claimed limns a restorative justice or a utopic futurity. But these interpretations ignore the text's insistence on a silence that overwhelms language, the specter of mass death, and a summative darkness that attend upon this place. What might it mean, in fact, for Foe's ending to cross the Novel's thresholds only to stage a total “blackout” of the realist novel's meaning-producing mechanism and the story of individual experience the genre has valorized? This article draws on Coetzee's unpublished notebooks and the Foe ur-text to argue that the novel proposes an impossible crossing, whereby key strategies we have used to value the genre—its capacity to summon countervoices or to invoke an ethical response to alterity—are shadowed by a radical question about the limits of our readerly attention.
Between Image and Erasure
Authors: Coates Oliver 
Published: July 2019

AbstractApproximately 73,290 West Africans traveled to South Asia during World War II, but relatively little is known about their activities on the subcontinent. The photographs of African soldiers in India published in the British Army’s RWAFF News, a Bombay-printed newspaper specifically designed for West African troops overseas, provide a rare and little-known insight into the lives of African soldiers in India. Existing accounts of African military service in India often outline the soldiers’ experience of India in only very general terms and typically privilege the combat experience of troops in Burma. The images described in this brief article reveal a very different face of African overseas military service: they depict a group of soldiers visiting the Taj Mahal and encountering the Mughal monument. Although published and choreographed by the British, these images reflect a moment of South-South encounter between West Africans and India’s Islamic history.
Visibly Trans?
Authors: Mills Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhat happens when medieval depictions of gender-crossing saints get refracted through a transgender prism? Focusing on objects and artifacts associated with St. Eugenia of Rome, this article considers the extent to which medieval artists confronted the genderqueer potential of Eugenia's legend. Often the saint was overtly feminized, patently obscuring her road to sanctity as a gender crosser. But sometimes the crossing itself was rendered at least partially visible—notably in scenes representing the moment when, after a period living as a male monk, Eugenia is placed on trial and forced to reveal her “true” identity as a woman. Some depictions of Eugenia may therefore resonate with more recent expressions of queer and trans identity. This prompts critical reflection on the concepts of passing and trans visibility in histories of transgender.
Glands, Eugenics, and Rejuvenation inMan into Woman
Authors: Amin Kadji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article argues that Lili Elbe has been misrecognized as transsexual, just as Man into Woman (1933) has been misread as a transsexual autobiography. It proposes instead that we understand those who sought transition during the first decades of the twentieth century according to early endocrinological understandings of ovarian or testicular grafting as a means of rejuvenation, or of intersex conditions as the origins of both homosexuality and gender variance, as belonging to the prehistory of transsexuality. The article understands “prehistory” not as the stable foundation of contemporary transsexuality or transgender identity but as the crystallization, in a different form, of something whose various elements will eventually shift, be rejected, and/or fuse with new particles to compose what we now know as “transgender.” Prehistory is thus genealogical in the Foucauldian sense. Exploring a disturbing genealogy of transgender that is implicated in eugenics, rather than recovering transgender figures in history, broadens understandings of what medical transition meant in the recent past. More importantly, it centers for transgender history the intertwined biopolitical genealogies of transgender and homosexuality alike.
DDX56 inhibits type I interferon by disrupting assembly of IRF3–IPO5 to inhibit IRF3 nucleus import
Authors: Li Dan , Fu Shaozu , Wu Zhengqian , Yang Wenping , Ru Yi , Shu Hongbing , Liu Xiangtao , Zheng Haixue 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Transcription factor IRF3-mediated type I interferon induction plays a role in antiviral innate immunity. However, mechanisms for the control and regulation of IRF3 nuclear import remain largely unknown. We have identified DEAD box polypeptide 56 (DDX56) as a negative regulator of virus-triggered IFN-β induction. Overexpression of DDX56 suppressed nuclear translocation of IRF3 via disrupting the IRF3–IOP5 interaction, whereas knockdown or knockout of DDX56 had the opposite effect. In addition, the interaction between DDX56 and IRF3 increased during viral infection. We further found that the D166 site of DDX56 was essential for inhibiting IRF3 import into the nucleus. Our findings suggest that DDX56 regulates antiviral innate immunity by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of IRF3, revealing a novel mechanism of the DDX56-mediated innate antiviral response.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Estimating Sedentary Time from a Hip- and Wrist-Worn Accelerometer
Authors: MARCOTTE ROBERT T. , PETRUCCI GREG J. , COX MELANNA F. , FREEDSON PATTY S. , STAUDENMAYER JOHN W. , SIRARD JOHN R. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the validity of existing methods to estimate sedentary behavior (SB) under free-living conditions using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers (AG).

Methods
Forty-eight young (18–25 yr) adults wore an AG on the right hip and nondominant wrist and were video recorded during four 1-h sessions in free-living settings (home, community, school, and exercise). Direct observation videos were coded for postural orientation, activity type (e.g., walking), and METs derived from the Compendium of Physical Activities, which served as the criterion measure of SB (sitting or lying posture, <1.5 METs). Thirteen methods using cut points from vertical counts per minute (CPM), counts per 15-s (CP15s), and vector magnitude (VM) counts (e.g., CPM1853VM), raw acceleration and arm angle (sedentary sphere), Euclidean norm minus one (ENMO) corrected for gravity (mg) thresholds, uni- or triaxial sojourn hybrid machine learning models (Soj1x and Soj3x), random forest (RF), and decision tree (TR) models were used to estimate SB minutes from AG data. Method bias, mean absolute percent error, and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated using repeated-measures linear mixed models.

Results
On average, participants spent 34.1 min per session in SB. CPM100, CPM150, Soj1x, and Soj3x were the only methods to accurately estimate SB from the hip. Sedentary sphere and ENMO44.8 overestimated SB by 3.9 and 6.1 min, respectively, whereas the remaining wrist methods underestimated SB (range, 9.5–2.5 min). In general, mean absolute percent error was lower using hip methods compared with wrist methods.

Conclusion
Accurate group-level estimates of SB from a hip-worn AG can be achieved using either simpler count-based approaches (CPM100 and CPM150) or machine learning models (Soj1x and Soj3x). Wrist methods did not provide accurate or precise estimates of SB. The development of large open-source free-living calibration data sets may lead to improvements in SB estimates.
Exploring caregivers' perspectives on improving care for older people at the end of life in Thailand
Authors: Supaporn Kanyanat , Isaramalai Sang-arun , Suttharangsee Wandee 
Published: July 2019

Background: Older people in Thailand receive general medical and social care at the end of life, and many rarely access palliative services. In light of this, improving the quality of care for the ageing population relies on addressing the needs of family caregivers, who provide the majority of care in a home setting. Understanding caregivers' perspectives when caring for a friend or relative will help to improve the quality of care that they provide. Aim: To explore caregivers' perspectives on improving care for older people in Thailand in the palliative stage. Methods: A qualitative study using in-depth interviews and observation of 10 older people in the palliative stage and their caregivers was undertaken. Data were analysed using content analysis. Findings: Data analysis revealed three themes: caregivers cared to repay the older person's previous kindness, caregivers cared and changed their caregiving behaviour to minimise the older person's perception of being abandoned or being a burden, and to follow Thai ancestral traditions, so that the older person could die peacefully. Conclusion: This study provides specific instructions for those who provide care for older Thai people in the palliative stage. Finding ways to address caregivers' perspectives on improving care quality could enhance the experience of care recipients.