bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON-MoM: Aplikasi Pintar untuk Pengawasan Kehamilan dan Penanganan Situasi Darurat
Authors: Jasman Henra , Anita Anita , Pratiwi Andi Asmi 
Published: November 2024

Salah satu penyebab kematian ibu hamil yang sangat tinggi di Indonesia adalah masalah obstetrik. Keadaan situasi darurat pada ibu hamil dapat berupa kehilangan kesadaran secara tiba-tiba yang disebabkan oleh suplai oksigen dan darah (saturasi) yang tidak memadai ke otak. Apabila nilai saturasi oksigen berada 95%, berarti ibu hamil dikatakan dalam keadaan situasi darurat. Keadaan situasi darurat dapat di kategorikan menjadi 2, yaitu apabila nilai saturasi oksigen berkisar 90-95%, maka ibu hamil dalam keadaan situasi darurat 1. Adapun ketika saturasi oksigen dibawah dari 90%, maka ibu hamil dalam keadaan situasi darurat 2. Pada penelitian ini sensor MAX30100 merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk memonitoring jumlah kadar oksigen (saturasi) dalam darah yang dimonitoring langsung dengan aplikasi ON-MOMHasil penelitian alat sensor MAX30100 menunjukkan kondisi pada keadaaan normal dengan nilai kadar oksigen darah diatas 95%, keadaaan situasi darurat 1 dengan nilai kadar oksigen darah 93% dan kondisi situasi darurat 1 dengan kada oksigen darah dibawah 89% yang dimonitoring langsung dengan aplikasi ON-MOM, dimana keakuratan alat ini memiliki selisih 1.125% dengan alat sebenarnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperkenalkan ON-MoM sebagai sebuah aplikasi pintar yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan kualitas pengawasan kehamilan dan mempercepat penanganan situasi darurat pada ibu hamil serta menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan bayi.
Sand Detection Using Acoustic Sand Monitors for Liquid-Dominated Multiphase Flow Production
Authors: Nadeem Asad , Vieira Ronald E. , Shirazi Siamack 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Solid particle erosion in the oil and natural gas industry can be damaging to pipe fittings and equipment, which can lead to maintenance or, in the worst case, a production shutdown. In both cases, this represents a huge economic loss for industry. Acoustic sand monitoring is one of the most widely used practices to provide an alarm and/or estimate the amount of sand entrained in the flow. In addition to being commercially available, they can be easily clamped to the outside of a pipe wall, measuring the acoustic energy generated by sand grain impacts on the inner side of a pipe wall. In this work, a broad range of multiphase operating conditions has been experimentally investigated with acoustic sand monitors in large-scale flow loop facilities to determine the effectiveness of sand monitoring in liquid-dominated multiphase flow. The main objective is to use acoustic sand monitors to determine the threshold sand rate (TSR). This is the minimum sand rate necessary to achieve monitor output higher than the background noise (BN) level. Acoustic monitors were placed upstream and downstream of standard (r/D = 1.5) elbows while varying superficial gas and liquid velocities, sand sizes (25 μm, 75 μm, 150 μm, 300 μm, and 600 μm), and pipe diameters (2 in. and 3 in.) in the vertical orientation. The experimental conditions were selected to cover slug-churn, dispersed-bubble flow, and liquid-sand flow conditions. These results are compared with the previously obtained test results on 50.8-mm (2-in.) internal diameter (ID) test loops. In the 50.8-mm (2-in.) loop, threshold limits were observed for dispersed-bubble flow regimes and liquid-sand as compared with gas-dominated flow conditions. While TSR is the highest in dispersed-bubble flow regimes, the present data were compared with previous results obtained for annular, slug, and stratified flow patterns (FPs) in vertical flow. It was observed that the annular flow regime has the lowest TSR values, showing an increase in TSR when the liquid rate increased. The results from this work can help operators understand how acoustic monitors can detect and distinguish sand impact noise from the background flow noise in liquid-dominated multiphase flow in production facilities. In this way, greater assurance is provided to operators for optimizing oil and gas production rates, especially in wells that tend to produce solids.
Emergent photons and fractionalized excitations in a quantum spin liquid
Authors: Dai Pengcheng , Gao Bin , Desrochers Félix , Tam David , Steffens Paul , Hiess Arno , Su Yixi , Cheong Sang-Wook , Kim Yong Baek , Kirschbaum Diana , Nguyen Duy , Paschen Silke 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

A quantum spin liquid (QSL) arises from a highly entangled superposition of many degenerate classical ground states in a frustrated magnet, and is characterized by emergent gauge fields and deconfined fractionalized excitations (e.g., spinons)1-5. Because such a novel phase of matter is relevant to high-transition-temperature superconductivity6,7 and quantum computation8,9, the microscopic understanding of QSL states is a long-sought goal in condensed matter physics. The 3D pyrochlore lattice of corner-sharing tetrahedra can host a QSL with U(1) gauge fields called quantum spin ice (QSI)10, which is a quantum (with effective S=1/2) analog of the classical (with large effective moment) spin ice11-13. A key difference between QSI and classical spin ice is the predicted presence of the linearly dispersing collective excitations near zero energy, dubbed the “photons”, arising from emergent quantum electrodynamics, in addition to the spinons at higher energies10,14,15. Recently, 3D pyrochlore systems Ce2M2O7 (M = Sn, Zr, Hf) have been suggested as effective S=1/2 QSI candidates16-23, but there has been no evidence of quasielastic magnetic scattering signals from photons, a key signature for a QSI. Here, we use polarized neutron scattering experiments and low-temperature specific heat measurements on single crystals of Ce2Zr2O7 to conclusively demonstrate the presence of magnetic excitations near zero energy at 33-50 mK in addition to signatures of spinons at higher energies, and T 3 temperature dependence of the heat capacity expected for linearly dispersing gapless bosonic modes14,15,24. Using an acoustic phonon mode to normalize spin excitations in absolute units25, we calculate the normalized quantum Fisher information (nQFI) as a witness of multipartite entanglement26,27 and find nQFI=3.7±0.7 at the (0,0,1) position, implying that the system must be at least four-partite entangled. By comparing the energy (E), wave vector (Q), and polarization dependence of the magnetic excitations with theoretical calculations28-34, we conclude that Ce2Zr2O7 is the first example of a dipolar-octupolar π-flux QSI32 with dominant dipolar Ising interactions.
TB or Not TB: Emerging Mycobacteriaceae Detected in a Human Patient, Tree Shrews, and Soil
Authors: Siew Zhen Yun , Khoo Chia Ting , Ong Ghee Khang , Nor Siti Norazlin Muhamad , Leong Pooi Pooi , Wong Siew Tung , Tan Boon Shing , Leong Chee-Onn , Low Dyoi-E , Voon Kenny 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the extrapulmonary pathogenesis of a novel Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. massiliense strain in a young adult, manifesting as a chronic cutaneous infection. Epidemiological investigation proposed pathogen transmission via contaminated Java apple fruit, likely facilitated by tree shrews. The strain, identified through next-generation sequencing, demonstrated resistance to 76.7% of tested antibiotics, and potential heteroresistance among the M. abscessus subsp. massiliense subpopulations were suggested. Mycobacteroides abscessus complex (MAC) is a group of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, typically associated with soil and water, and poses significant clinical challenges due to its resistance to conventional treatments and its similarity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The findings underscore the necessity for further genetic studies to confirm heteroresistant subpopulations and address the complexities of MAC infections.
Study on broadband vibration reduction characteristics and optimal design of the acoustic black hole plate with damping oscillators
Authors: Yang Chuanmeng , Yu Hongtao , Zheng Dayuan , Ye Tiangui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The acoustic black hole (ABH) can alter the velocity of bending waves and concentrate vibration energy with the change of thickness. However, the operational frequency range of acoustic black holes is predominantly concentrated within the mid-to-high frequency spectrum, while their effectiveness is notably constrained in the low-frequency range. This paper focuses on the low-frequency vibration characteristics of the acoustic black hole damping oscillator (ABH-DO) structure and the corresponding structural parameter influence analysis is conducted. Subsequently, the vibration property of ABH-DO in multiple array configurations are analyzed and the ability of absorbing the vibration energy is experimentally verified. Finally, orthogonal experiments are performed on ABH-DO structures in multiple array configurations. The results reveal that both single and multiple ABH-DO structures demonstrate effective low-frequency vibration reduction, with varying degrees of peak value attenuation at multiple locations. Among the parameters of ABH-DO, the oscillator mass has the most pronounced effect on vibration peaks. The vibration characteristics of the ABH-DO structure can be optimized by adjusting the oscillator mass. Optimal parameters are determined within a given range through orthogonal experiments. The vibration characteristics of the ABH-DO structure at the optimal factor level are enhanced to varying extents when compared with other factor level combinations.
The development and application of an engineered direct electron transfer enzyme for continuous levodopa monitoring
Authors: Batchu Kartheek , Probst David , Satomura Takenori , Younce John , Sode Koji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Levodopa, the primary treatment for Parkinson's Disease, has a narrow therapeutic window further complicated by the lack of real-time feedback, primarily due to the absence of an enzyme specific to levodopa. We addressed this by developing a novel direct electron transfer type(DET) enzyme, copper dehydrogenase (CoDH), engineered from an extremophile derived multicopper oxidase (MCO), for use in a continuous levodopa sensor. By introducing mutations into the type 2 and type 3 copper ligand histidine residues, the enzyme drastically decreased its oxidase activity while enhancing DET activity with the electrode. Using this developed CoDH, a chronoamperometric levodopa sensor was constructed, which was minimally affected by environmental changes, or by interferents, including levodopa metabolites, adjunct medications, and common plasma and interstitial fluid components. A miniaturized levodopa sensor was constructed and was able todetect levodopa as low as 138 nM, suggesting its future application for in vivo subcutaneous measurement.
Investigations on the effects of game browsing on surface runoff in Alpine forests
Authors: May Dominik , Markart Gerhard , Kohl Bernhard , Schwarz Massimiliano 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The hydrological effect of forests on reducing surface runoff and therefore mitigating flood hazards is well recognized in theoretical concepts, however its quantification for practical applications remains a challenge. Changes in the hydrological effect due to changes in the forest can be measured but hardly predicted, which makes it difficult to assess the impact of disturbances and management in protections forests against flood hazards. Game browsing is recognized as a problematic disturbance in protection forests that can impact the protective effect against gravitational hazards in the long term while its impact on the protective effect against flood hazards is yet poorly understood. Protection fences that exclude game browsing in the forest offer an opportunity to investigate its influence on the formation of surface runoff with paired rainfall experiments. They show distinct differences in the runoff formation for all investigated sites which can be attributed to the browsing exclusion by the protection fences. The surface runoff is up to three times lower inside compared to outside the fenced areas. Furthermore there is a systematic difference in the measured soil properties for all investigated sites. The hydraulic conductivity is clearly greater while the soil porosity, the topsoil depth and the humus height are slightly greater inside compared to outside the fenced areas. A statistical analysis of the surface runoff shows, that the measured differences are significant and that the factor of the protection fence is more important than the soil variabilities and the experiment conditions. This analysis reveals a clear trend of how the exclusion of game browsing within affects soil properties and reduces surface runoff. The differences in the soil properties are in line with the differences in the surface runoff and provide a physical basis for an explanation. The experiment design indicates that the differences in the soil properties are related to the game browsing, even if a detailed explanation of this relationship is missing. Nevertheless, it can be concluded from this investigation that the exclusion of game browsing can significantly decrease surface runoff therefore and impair the protective effect against flood hazard in the short term.
Enhancing Furcation Involvement Classification on Panoramic Radiographs with Vision Transformers
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Guo Enting , Liu Xu , Zhao Hong , Yang Jie , Li Wen , Wu Wenlei , Sun Weibin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The severity of furcation involvement (FI) directly affects tooth prognosis and influences treatment approaches. However, assessing, diagnosing, and treating molars with FI is complicated by anatomical and morphological variations. cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has enhanced diagnostic accuracy for detecting FI and measuring furcation defects. Despite its advantages, the high cost and radiation dose associated with CBCT equipment limit its widespread use. This study presents the first application of Vision Transformer (ViT) models for FI classification using panoramic radiographs.
Methods
A total of 1,568 tooth images obtained from 506 panoramic radiographs were used to construct the database and evaluate the models. We developed and assessed a ViT model for classifying FI from panoramic radiographs, and compared its performance with traditional models, including Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), VGG, and GoogLeNet.
Results
Among the evaluated models, the ViT model outperformed all others, achieving the highest precision (0.98), recall (0.92), and F1 score (0.95), along with the lowest cross-entropy loss (0.27) and the highest accuracy (92%). ViT also recorded the highest area under the curve (AUC) (98%), outperforming the other models with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), confirming its enhanced classification capability. The gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) analysis on the ViT model revealed the key areas of the images that the model focused on during predictions.
Conclusion
Deep learning (DL) algorithms can automatically classify FI using readily accessible panoramic images. Our findings demonstrate that ViT outperforms traditional models, highlighting the potential of transformer-based approaches to significantly advance image classification. This approach is also expected to reduce both the radiation dose and the financial burden on patients while simultaneously improving diagnostic precision.
Dynamic analysis of the epidemiology and pathogen distribution of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with severe pulmonary infection: a retrospective study
Authors: Yu Muchun , Li Mingchao , Sun Huiqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Severe pulmonary infection is the primary cause of death in children aged < 5 years. The early identification of pathogenic bacteria and targeted anti-infective therapies can significantly improve the prognosis of children with severe infections. This study aims to provide a reference for the rational use of antibiotics at an early stage in children with severe pulmonary infections.
Methods: A retrospective, single-center longitudinal study included children with severe pulmonary infections between January 2017 and December 2022 by obtaining their bacterial culture results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
Results: This study included 4080 samples. The age of onset for severe pulmonary infection increased annually. The proportion of severe pulmonary infections across the different age groups and years was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Among children with severe pulmonary infections, bacilli were the most prevalent, followed by cocci and fungi. The predominant bacilli were Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The predominant cocci identified in this study were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The primary fungi included Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, which showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The incidence of drug-resistant bacteria has gradually declined, with infection rates of multidrug-resistant bacteria and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases consistently decreasing annually. For carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the infection rates peaked in 2018, with statistical significance (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Severe pulmonary infections in children are significantly associated with age and types of infectious pathogens. Gram-negative bacteria are the primary cause of severe pulmonary infections in children. Clinicians should rationally use antibiotics according to the local distribution and drug resistance of pathogens, thereby enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid Using Au@Ni-MOF (Ni (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 ) with Nickel Acetate Precursor and Employing 2D Structure for Density Functional Theory (DFT) Simulation
Authors: Zhou Feng , Gai Limei , Liu Hua , Qin Danfeng , Abudouwufu Tushagu , Liu Yi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Rapid and efficient detection of small biomolecules in human body fluids is crucial to developing novel electrode materials. In this paper, one new type of no-enzyme electrochemical sensor based on the Au@Ni-MOF (Ni(CH3CO2)2) hybrids with the precursor of Ni(II) (nickel acetate) was fabricated through an in-situ grown strategy: [Ni3(BTC)2]n (H3BTC=1,3,5-trimesic acid) with coordinatively unsaturated Ni(II) sites decorated with gold nanoparticles to synthesize the Au@Ni-MOF (Ni(CH3CO2)2) hybrids for the individual and simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). The electrochemical performance of the as-prepared Au@Ni-MOF hybrids fabricated on the surface of the screen-printed electrode (SPCE) was investigated for the detection of different concentrations of DA and UA in the 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Moreover, the cathodic peak current for Au@Ni-MOF (Ni(CH3CO2)2)/SPCE was proportional to the DA and UA concentration over a specifically wide linear range of 0.1 µM to 2 mM and 0.5 µM to 1.5 mM, respectively. The obtained Au@Ni-MOF (Ni(CH3CO2)2)/SPCE showed excellent electrochemical and electrocatalytic performance owing to the perfectly assembled AuNPs and Ni-MOF, which can be applied in non-enzyme sensing of DA and UA. Furthermore, the adsorption energy and bond length of the 2D structures of Ni-MOF and Au@Ni-MOF (Ni(CH3CO2)2) were determined through DFT simulations. These calculations provided insights into the interactions between these biomolecules and the surfaces of these 2D structures.
The Effects and Mechanisms of High Glucose Fluctuations at Different Levels on the Expression of Cytokines in Monocytes
Authors: Sun Shiqi , Shen Xiaobo , Huang Qi , Sun Jiazhong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the changes in the expression of cytokines MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in monocytes and the alterations in antioxidant enzyme activity under different conditions of blood glucose fluctuations. Additionally, to study the mechanism of monocyte damage using the antioxidant α-lipoic acid.
Methods: The THP-1 cell line of peripheral blood monocytes was cultured in vitro and divided into the following groups: Control groups: ① Normal group: 5 mmol/L glucose; ② High glucose group: 20 mmol/L glucose; ③ Low-level fluctuation group: alternating between 5 mmol/L and 20 mmol/L glucose; ④ High-level fluctuation group: alternating between 5 mmol/L and 30 mmol/L glucose. Drug group: Based on the control groups, α-lipoic acid (ALA) was added, and indicators were measured after 24 hours. For the fluctuation groups, the glucose concentration in the medium was cyclically adjusted between high and low levels: 20 mmol/L glucose for 2 hours, followed by 5 mmol/L glucose for 3 hours, repeating this cycle three times. During the night (9 hours), 5 mmol/L glucose was maintained. The total exposure time was 24 hours, and indicators were measured after 14 days of culture.
Results: 1) Compared to the normal group, both the high glucose and fluctuation groups showed significantly elevated levels of intracellular oxidative stress. When compared to the high glucose group, the low-level and high-level fluctuation groups exhibited significantly higher levels of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the high-level fluctuation group had significantly higher oxidative stress levels than the low-level fluctuation group. 2) After high glucose stimulation, the mRNA and protein levels of MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in monocytes were significantly higher in both the constant high glucose and fluctuating high glucose groups compared to the control. Upon the addition of the drug, the mRNA and protein levels of MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased significantly. 3) Compared to the control groups, the drug group showed a significant decrease in intracellular oxidative stress levels.
Conclusion: Fluctuating hyperglycemia exerts a stronger damaging effect on human peripheral blood monocytes than constant hyperglycemia, and the greater the fluctuation, the stronger the damaging effect, leading to a more pronounced disruption in cytokine expression. This mechanism may be attributed to increased oxidative stress levels and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. The antioxidant α-lipoic acid can inhibit the disruption of cytokine expression by counteracting oxidative stress damage in monocytes.
Multiscale Spatio-Temporal Aware Graph Recurrent Neural Network for Traffic Prediction
Authors: Chang Lei , Yang Wenxi , Qi Kaiyuan , Cui Tao , Yu Lianfei , Qu Zhijian , Ren Chongguang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The main problem within most existing traffic prediction methods is that they capture sequence features using a single scale, such as the time continuity or the direct adjacency relationship. It makes the relevant traffic prediction models still insufficient in capturing the dynamic patterns and spatio-temporal correlations. To fully mine the spatio-temporal correlation of traffic sequence, a multiscale spatio-temporal aware graph recurrent neural network (MSSTA-GRN) is proposed in the paper. Firstly, to capture the internal temporal correlation of traffic sequences at different scales, we decompose the hidden states of GRU into different scales and then update the corresponding hidden states according to different frequencies, the speed changes at different frequencies can be better captured. Secondly, to capture the multiscale spatial correlation of the traffic network more comprehensively, a multiscale spatial feature capture module is constructed by cascading multiple GCNs, the multiscale GCN can better deal with the interaction between different regions. Finally, MSSTA-GRN is designed to fuse multiscale spatio-temporal features, and experimental results indicate that the proposed perception method can improve the accuracy and robustness of traffic prediction.