bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Ankylosing Spondylitis in the HUNT Study by a Genetic Risk Score Combining 110 Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms of Genome-wide Significance
Authors: Rostami Sina , Hoff Mari , Brown Matthew A. , Hveem Kristian , Holmen Oddgeir L. , Fritsche Lars G. , Videm Vibeke 
Published: April 2019

Objective.The genetic component of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) development is ∼90%. Of the known heritability, ∼20% is explained by HLA-B27, and 113 identified AS-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) account for ∼7.4%. The objectives were to construct a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) using currently known genome-wide susceptibility SNP, and to evaluate its predictive ability for AS in the Norwegian population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT).Methods.AS cases (n = 164) and controls (n = 49,032) were from the second (1995–1997) and third (2006–2008) waves of the HUNT study, to which the entire adult population of the northern region of Trøndelag was invited. A wGRS based on 110 SNP weighted by published OR for AS was constructed, representing each person’s carriage of all risk variants. Logistic regression models including the wGRS alone or in combination with HLA-B27 carrier state and other adjustment variables (sex, age, smoking, body mass index, and hypertension) were developed. Discrimination among models was compared using area under the curve (AUC).Results.The wGRS was associated with AS (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4–2.1), but showed low discrimination (AUC 0.62, 95% CI 0.58–0.67). HLA-B27 was significantly associated with AS (OR 50, 95% CI 32–81), showing high discrimination (AUC 0.88, 95% CI 0.85–0.90). Combining the wGRS and HLA-B27 improved prediction (AUC 0.90, 95% CI 0.87–0.92; p < 0.001 vs wGRS alone, p < 0.01 vs HLA-B27 alone). Further inclusion of adjustment variables gave a small improvement (AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.89–0.94; p = 0.03).Conclusion.Prediction in a population-based setting based on all currently known AS susceptibility SNP was better than HLA-B27 carrier state alone, although the improvement was small and of uncertain clinical value.
Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Athletic Training: Common Measures, Selection Considerations, and Practical Barriers
Authors: Lam Kenneth C. , Harrington Katie M. , Cameron Kenneth L. , Valier Alison R. Snyder 
Published: April 2019

Context
Current evidence suggests that a low percentage of athletic trainers (ATs) routinely use patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). An understanding of the perceptions of ATs who use (AT-USE) and who do not use (AT-NON) PROMs as well as any differences due to demographic characteristics (eg, use for patient care or research, job setting, highest education level) may help facilitate the use of PROMs in athletic training.

Objective
To describe commonly used PROMs by AT-USE, the criteria by which AT-USE select PROMs, and reasons for non-use by AT-NON.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants
A convenience sample of 1784 ATs (response rate = 10.7% [1784/17972]; completion rate = 92.2% [1784/1935]) who worked in a variety of settings.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Participants completed an anonymous electronic online survey. Descriptive statistics were used to describe commonly used PROMs, PROM selection criteria, and reasons for PROM non-use.

Results
Participants were classified as AT-USE (n = 370, 20.7%) or AT-NON (n = 1414, 79.3%). For the AT-USE group, the most common type of PROMs used were specific (eg, region, joint; n = 328, 88.6%), followed by single-item (n = 258, 69.7%) and generic (n = 232, 62.7%). Overall, the PROMs most frequently endorsed by the AT-USE group were the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (n = 128, 34.6%); Lower Extremity Functional Scale (n = 108, 29.2%); Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (n = 96, 25.9%); Owestry Disability Index (n = 80, 21.6%); and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (n = 78, 21.1%). The most important criteria reported by AT-USE for selecting PROMs were that the measure was valid and reliable, easy for patients to understand, and easy for clinicians to understand and interpret. Common reasons for non-use were that PROMs were too time consuming for the clinician, too time consuming for the patient, and more effort than they were worth.

Conclusions
The Numeric Pain Rating Scale; Lower Extremity Functional Scale; Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; Owestry Disability Index; and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure were the PROMs most commonly endorsed by AT-USE and should be considered for athletic training use. To further facilitate the use of PROMs in athletic training, future authors should identify strategies to address organizational and time-constraint obstacles. Interpretation of our study findings may require caution due to a relatively low response rate and because “routine use” was not operationalized.
Municipal finance for housing: local government approaches to financing housing in cities
Authors: Feather Christopher 
Published: April 2019

Housing policy is usually seen as the domain of national governments, and in many countries local authorities have relinquished direct engagement in the promotion of adequate housing. High costs associated with related policies and programmes are often cited as justification for minimal involvement, leading to fewer community-level interventions on affordable formal housing. This article presents financial approaches for local government leaders and decision-makers to consider in furthering affordable access to adequate housing for their citizens. The article argues that when local governments engage on housing with innovation and financial pragmatism, the housing needs of the urban poor and vulnerable can be better served.
KeywordsMunicipal finance, local government, affordable housing, fiscal policy, cities, capacity-building
Analysis of residual stress in 1.4539 austenitic steel joints welded with TIG method
Authors: Nasiłowska Barbara , Bogdanowicz Zdzisław , Mońka Grzegorz , Tomaszewski Rafał , Zdunek Joanna 
Published: April 2019

The article compares the results of tests of residual stress determined based on Knoop microhardness measurements and obtained experimentally with the use of an x-ray diffractometer. Distribution of residual stress in the weld after strengthening of the surface layer, resulting from shot peening, was specified. A method of residual stress determination proposed by Oppel, based on Knoop microhardness distribution, was applied. An analysis of residual stress of 1.4539 austenitic steel welded joints, made with the use of TIG method and additionally strengthened with shot peening of the surface, showed good agreement of the results obtained both with the sin2y method and based on the microhardness measurement. The highest compression stress has occurred in a so-called Belayev point, approximately of 35 ÷ 40 μm from the surface.
Keywords: residual stress, welded joints, TIG, Knoop microhardness, shot peening.
Fractionation of biological micro-particles in the field of gravity and the field of centrifugal forces
Authors: Górka Andrzej 
Published: April 2019

The paper presents the basic relationships describing the state of boundary equilibrium of fractions isolated in the process of fractionation of binary biological mixtures formed on the warp of homogeneous base solution in the gravitation field and in the vortex reference system. The state of boundary equilibrium of fractions is described by equations of the mass equilibrium, gravity forces, centrifugal forces and buoyancy forces related to particular fractions and the whole mixture of microparticles. It describes the final stage of fractionation of the microparticles, in which the microparticles in the mixture no longer emigrate. In the analysis we used an example of fractional distribution created in the blood fractionation process and the examples of calculations presented in the article, which refer to this distribution.
The calculations showed that fractionation in the field of centrifugal force forms fractions with increased density of selected groups of cells of similar specific masses.
Keywords: fractionation of mixtures, sedimentation of mixtures, separation of blood components in the gravity field, separation of blood components in the field of centrifugal force, blood centrifugation, medical centrifuges, homogeneous biological mixtures, heterogeneous biological mixtures, centrifugal force field.
Significado de la ética profesional: el caso de estudiantes de ciencias empresariales
Authors: Scalzo Germán , Galbán-Lozano Sara Elvira , Ortega-Barba Claudia Fabiola 
Published: April 2019

Resumen: Este trabajo de corte cualitativo tiene como objetivo mostrar los significados y experiencias de estudiantes de las áreas de ciencias económicas y empresariales en torno a la ética profesional, la cual por su misma naturaleza, no tiene como fin el mero conocimiento sino su aplicación práctica, en donde actúan los aprendizajes internalizados, como modelos para la acción. Dentro de los hallazgos más significativos se encontró que los estudiantes valoran la formación ética que les ofrece la universidad como complemento de su formación técnica, sin embargo, consideran necesario el uso de estrategias innovadoras para su enseñanza. Los significados que muestran sobre la ética van desde lo personal hasta lo profesional pasando por lo social, resaltando el carácter relacional de la misma.Abstract: This qualitative research aims to present the significance and experiences that economics and business students report to have acquired in professional ethics classes at the university level. Professional ethics, by nature, is both theoretical and practical, which means that the theory that students learn must be applied to real situations. In this sense, what students learn serves as a paradigm for action. Among the most significant findings herein was that students value the ethical training offered by the university as a complement to their technical training, however, they consider innovative strategies in teaching fundamental to their classroom experience. Students share that the significance they acquire about ethics ranges from the personal to the professional and the social, highlighting the eminently relational nature of this subject.
Evaluating the State of the Employment Relationship: A Balanced Scorecard Approach Built on Mackenzie King’s Model of an Industrial Relations System
Authors: Kaufman Bruce E. , Barry Michael , Gomez Rafael , Wilkinson Adrian 
Published: April 2019

The industrial relations (IR) field in Canada and the United States (US) emerged in the late 1910s-early 1920s and is thus on the cusp of its 100th anniversary. The impetus for the creation of the IR field was growing public alarm in both countries over the escalating level of conflict, violence, and class polarization in employer-employee relations. The two countries established federal-level government investigative committees, theRoyal Commission on Industrial Relations(1919) in Canada and theCommission on Industrial Relations(1911-1915) in the US, to travel cross-country, gather evidence, and report their findings and overall evaluation.To commemorate the IR field’s centenary, this paper conducts the same type of cross-national ER evaluation, but with modern methods. First, this exercise requires a formal evaluation instrument, like a physical exam worksheet. Adopted is a modified version of a balanced scorecard. Second, the scorecard’s framework and questions should be theoretically informed. The framework used is a modified version of the diagrammatic model of an IR system presented by Mackenzie King inIndustry and Humanity(1918). The third step is to fill in the scorecard with data from individual workplaces, which are obtained for the US from a new nationally-representative survey of 2000+ workplaces, theState of Workplace Employment Relations Survey(SWERS). The fourth step is to aggregate all the diagnostic measures to obtain a summary numerical estimate for each of the companies of its state of ER performance and health.Based on a 1-7 (7 = highest) scale, then converted to F to A grades, we find that the average ER grade given by managers is B+ and by employees C+. The company scores are graphed in a frequency distribution that visually represents, for the first time in the literature, the lowest-to-highest pattern of employment relations performance and health across the US.
Social Movement Unionism as Union-Civil Alliances: A Democratizing Force? The New Zealand Case
Authors: Parker Jane , Alakavuklar Ozan 
Published: April 2019

This exploratory study examines union-civil alliances in New Zealand (NZ). It focuses on the involvement of NZ’s peak union body, the Council of Trade Unions, in three civil group coalitions around the Living Wage Campaign, Decent Work Agenda and Environmental Agenda. It assesses how the CTU and its affiliates’ coalition involvement are informed by and seek to progress liberal (representative), participatory and/or more radical democratic principles, and what this means for organizational practice; the relations between the coalition parties; workplaces; and beyond.
Through case discussions, the study finds that civil alliances involving the CTU and its affiliates do not reflect a core trait of union activity in NZ. Among the union-civil alliances that do exist, there is a prevailing sense of their utility to progress shared interests alongside, and on the union side, a more instrumental aim to encourage union revival. However, the alliances under examination reflect an engagement with various liberal and participatory democratic arrangements at different organizational levels. More radical democratic tendencies emerge in relation to ad hoc elements of activity and the aspirational goals of such coalitions as opposed to their usual processes and institutional configurations.
In essence, what emerges is a labour centre and movement which, on the one hand, is in a survivalist mode primarily concerned with economistic matters, and on the other, in a position of relative political and bargaining weakness, reaching out to other civil groups where it can so as to challenge the neo-liberal hegemony. Based on our findings, we conclude that Laclau and Mouffe’s (2001) view of radical democracy holds promise for subsequent coalitions involving the CTU, particularly in the context of NZ workers’ diverse interests and the plurality of other civil groups and social movements’ interests. This view concerns on-going agency, change, organizing and strategy by coalitions to build inclusive (counter-) hegemony, arguing for a politic from below that challenges existing dominant neo-liberal assumptions in work and other spheres of life.
The Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) faecal microbiome differs with diet in a wild population
Authors: Brice Kylie L. , Trivedi Pankaj , Jeffries Thomas C. , Blyton Michaela D.J. , Mitchell Christopher , Singh Brajesh K. , Moore Ben D. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThe diet of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is comprised almost exclusively of foliage from the genusEucalyptus(family Myrtaceae).Eucalyptusproduces a wide variety of potentially toxic plant secondary metabolites which have evolved as chemical defences against herbivory. The koala is classified as an obligate dietary specialist, and although dietary specialisation is rare in mammalian herbivores, it has been found elsewhere to promote a highly-conserved but low-diversity gut microbiome. The gut microbes of dietary specialists have been found sometimes to enhance tolerance of dietary PSMs, facilitating competition-free access to food. Although the koala and its gut microbes have evolved together to utilise a low nutrient, potentially toxic diet, their gut microbiome has not previously been assessed in conjunction with diet quality. Thus, linking the two may provide new insights in to the ability of the koala to extract nutrients and detoxify their potentially toxic diet.MethodThe 16S rRNA gene was used to characterise the composition and diversity of faecal bacterial communities from a wild koala population (n = 32) comprising individuals that predominately eat either one of two different food species, one the strongly preferred and relatively nutritious speciesEucalyptus viminalis, the other comprising the less preferred and less digestible speciesEucalyptus obliqua.ResultsAlpha diversity indices indicated consistently and significantly lower diversity and richness in koalas eatingE. viminalis. Assessment of beta diversity using both weighted and unweighted UniFrac matrices indicated that diet was a strong driver of both microbial community structure, and of microbial presence/absence across the combined koala population and when assessed independently. Further, principal coordinates analysis based on both the weighted and unweighted UniFrac matrices for the combined and separated populations, also revealed a separation linked to diet. During our analysis of the OTU tables we also detected a strong association between microbial community composition and host diet. We found that the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were co-dominant in all faecal microbiomes, with Cyanobacteria also co-dominant in some individuals; however, theE. viminalisdiet produced communities dominated by the generaParabacteroidesand/orBacteroides, whereas theE. obliqua-associated diets were dominated by unidentified genera from the family Ruminococcaceae.DiscussionWe show that diet differences, even those caused by differential consumption of the foliage of two species from the same plant genus, can profoundly affect the gut microbiome of a specialist folivorous mammal, even amongst individuals in the same population. We identify key microbiota associated with each diet type and predict functions within the microbial community based on 80 previously identifiedParabacteroidesand Ruminococcaceae genomes.
Physical Activity Level in Relation to the Nutrient Intake of Elite Athletes
Authors: Sewak Aditi , Singla Neerja , Jain Rohini 
Published: April 2019

Aim: The present study was conducted to study the relationship between the nutrient intake and physical activity level of 120 (16-25 years) elite athletes.
Methods: Athletes were selected from 5 universities of Punjab, participating in 4 sports viz. hockey, athletics, badminton and lawn tennis and their nutritional status and sports performance was assessed.
Results: The findings suggested that athletes had a normal Body Mass Index (BMI) and the energy, protein and iron intake of all the athletes was lower than dietary recommendations (61, 61.3 and 35% respectively). However, percent adequacy of calcium (91%), vitamin A (94.7%) and vitamin C (183%) was adequately high among overall athletes. Majority of athletes (51.7%) had vigorously active lifestyle; 44.2% had moderately active lifestyle.
Conclusion: Intake of nutrients was positively correlated with physical activity.
Serological Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus in Dromedary Camels in the Sahelian Zone of West Africa
Authors: Ouoba Jean Bienvenue , Ouedraogo Anne , Traore Kuan Abdoulaye , Ouoba Bruno L. , Rouamba Hortense , Zerbo Lamouni Habibata , Moctar Sidi , Traore Amadou , Roques Pierre , Barro Nicolas 
Published: April 2019

Aim: This study was undertaken to determine the sero-epidemiological information and associated risk factors, of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) among dromedaries in Sub-sahelian region.
Study Design: Cross sectional epidemiological survey.
Place and Duration: The study was carried out in three countries of West Africa (Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger), over a two month period from February to March 2015.
Methodology: A total of 133 serum samples collected from dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) were examined for the detection of anti-DcHEV total antibody by a mammals targeted ELISA kit (ID vet, France), using a multispecies conjugate.
Results: Eleven of the 133 (8.33%; 95%CI [3.6 – 13.0]) dromedaries were positive for anti-DcHEV antibodies. Positive cases had a random geographic distribution (p˃0.05) and all seropositive dromedaries were in close contact with other domestic animals.
Conclusion: This study highlight the circulation of HEV in West African mammals and specifically in dromedaries. This is the first study reporting HEV circulation in dromedaries in West Africa. Further studies is needed to identify the HEV genotype involved in the dromedary camel infection, and evaluation of potential transmission to dromedary’s care keepers.
Predicting Paediatric Malaria Occurrence Using Classification Algorithm in Data Mining
Authors: Olayinka T. C. , Chiemeke S. C. 
Published: April 2019

This paper gives the current overview of the application of data mining techniques on the haematological and biochemical dataset to predict the occurrence of malaria in children between age zero (0) and five (5). Malaria has been eradicated from the developed countries but still affecting a large part of the world negatively. A larger percentage of malaria is estimated to affect young children in sub-Sahara Africa. In order to reduce mortality from paediatric malaria, there should be an efficient and effective prediction method. In healthcare, data mining is one of the most vital and motivating areas of research with the objective of finding meaningful information from huge data sets and provides an efficient analytical approach for detecting unknown and valuable information in healthcare data. In this study, a model was built to predict the occurrence of malaria in children between age zero (0) and five (5) years, using decision tree classification algorithms on WEKA workbench tool. The classification algorithms used are LMT, REPTree, Hoeffding tree and J48. A J48 algorithm was used for building the decision tree model since it has higher accuracy for performance with least error margin.
Phosphite-based Products in the In vitro Colletotrichum musae Control
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Luísa Mendes , Mizobutsi Edson Hiydu , Lima Prates Paola Junayra , Leite Duarte Paula Virgínia , Ferreira Ribeiro Regina Cássia , Silva Pinheiro Juceliandy Mendes da , Mizobutsi Gisele Polete , Fernandes Martielle Batista , Silva Luana Sabrine 
Published: April 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of different phosphite formulations and concentrations on the development of Colletotrichum musae. Sample: to evaluate the inhibition of germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Colletotrichum musae.
Study Design: Treatments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with 4 replicates, each replicate consisting of 1 Petri dish.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Post-Harvest Pathology, State University of Montes Claros, between March and October 2017.
Methodology: Three different phosphite formulations were used: FCu1 (4% Cu + 20% P2O5), FCu2 (4% Cu + 22% P2O5) at concentrations of 0.5;1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mL L-1 and FK (42% P2O5 + 27.7% K2O) at concentrations of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mg.L-1. Products were incorporated into the respective culture media. Culture medium alone and culture medium + imazalil were used as controls. Petri dishes were housed in BOD chamber at 25°C under a 12 hours photoperiod.
Results: Results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, and means were compared by the Tukey test (P <0.05). Control was compared to the other treatments by the Dunnet's test (P <0.05). Among the tested phosphite formulations, copper and potassium phosphites were found to reduce the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum musae. FCu2 presents a fungicide-like effect from the concentration of 0.5 m.L-1 in the control of conidia production. As for the FCu1, a fungicide-like effect was observed in the control of germination from the concentration of 1.5 mL.L-1.
Conclusion: A significant fungistatic effect was observed between the concentrations of the products in the mycelial growth, sporulation and germination obtaining control of up to 100% of the development of C. musae. Copper phosphites were as effective as fungicide in inhibiting fungal development.