bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brasília
Authors: Angotti-Salgueiro Heliana 
Published: June 2019

Um olhar sobre a cidade modernista passa, necessariamente pela fotografia da arquitetura que fixou para sempre sua imagem e a difundiu graças aos livros e revistas – do canteiro de obras até sua inauguração no caso de Brasília, e até mesmo em detalhes « fotogênicos » captados segundo códigos experimentais, além dos documentais. O francês Marcel Gautherot foi um dos responsáveis pela difusão da nova arquitetura brasileira na imprensa especializada internacional desde os anos 1940. Mais tarde, a revista Módulo, criada por Oscar Niemeyer para documentar a construção de Brasília, lança seu primeiro número em 1955 com uma foto de Le Corbusier no editorial, lembrando que seu título é uma homenagem ao « mestre » francês. Gautherot, que sera um dos principais fotógrafos desta revista, foi leitor dos princípios urbanísticos de Le Corbusier durante sua juventude européia, e quando veio para o Brasil trabalhou para Niemeyer desde suas primeiras obras. Ele fotografará o desenrolar das obras de Brasília em séries fotográficas que nos levam a estudar a persistência de linguagens fotográficas modernistas da vanguarda, do outro lado do Atlântico, nos anos 1950. As ligações ou as histórias cruzadas entre esses atores, seus percursos e trocas de ideias e formas fixadas nas imagens, se inserem no nascimento dessa capital que marcou a história urbanística e arquitetural do século XX.
Social Change in Sikkim in its Historical Context
Authors: Rai Peter 
Published: June 2019

<p>Sikkim is a land of myths, who has lost the pre-historic written documents but has left with the remarkable mystery of the country. Sikkim was sparsely populated and rich in natural resources including a large number of flora and fauna. There are three major ethnic communities, Lepchas, Bhutias and Nepalis inhabiting in the country. In the early period, Sikkim had a gigantic physical structure from the Himalayas to the plains. Earlier, the Tibetan called the territory of Sikkim as “Denjong, Demojong, and Deoshong, which have the same meaning as “Valley of Rice”. There is another myth, that, the first Tibetan king had made a palace in Rabdenchi, at that period of time the Limbo community people called the palace as “SU- HIM” which meaning as “New Home”. Another myth tells that in early days the Lepcha head married a Limbo girl from Limbuwan, and when she went to her father’s house, she told the people of the village that she had came from ‘Su Him’ or ‘New Home’. Later on, the Nepalese called it as ‘Su Khim’ instead of ‘Su Him’ but the advent of British in India, who could not pronounce the word ‘Su Khim’ and called it as ‘Sikkim’. That was the last change in the name of the nation for forever.</p>
Biomechanics of Biodegradable Subacromial Balloon Spacer for Irreparable Superior Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Lobao Mario H. , Canham R. Bruce , Melvani Roshan T. , Abboud Joseph A. , Parks Brent G. , Murthi Anand M. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
A subacromial balloon spacer is an option to treat irreparable rotator cuff tears. We hypothesized that the balloon would restore glenohumeral contact pressure, the acromion-humeral interval, and deltoid load to intact values after a simulated irreparable supraspinatus tear in a cadaveric model.

Methods:
Fourteen cadaveric shoulders (mean age at the time of death, 67.9 years) were tested using a custom test frame. In this frame, glenohumeral contact pressure, the acromion-humeral interval, and deltoid load were measured using a digital sensor, a MicroScribe, and a spring scale, respectively. Test conditions included the intact shoulder, a small supraspinatus tear, supraspinatus repair, repair plus balloon, an irreparable supraspinatus tear (rotator cable-insufficient), and an irreparable tear plus balloon. Load was applied in a simulated neutral arm position (balanced) and active shoulder abduction (unbalanced).

Results:
When the balloon was inflated over the irreparable supraspinatus tear in the balanced condition, glenohumeral contact pressure increased by 122% (p = 0.006) compared with that for the irreparable tear at 0° of abduction and by 94% (p = 0.046) at 60°. In the unbalanced condition, pressure decreased in the irreparable tear condition after the balloon was inflated, restoring pressure to close to that in the intact state. The balloon did not restore glenohumeral contact area to that in the intact shoulder in either the balanced or the unbalanced condition. The irreparable tear displaced the humeral head superiorly in the unbalanced condition, decreasing the acromion-humeral interval. The balloon moved the head inferiorly by a mean (and standard error of the mean) of 6.2 ± 1.3 mm (p < 0.001) at 0° of abduction, 4.4 ± 1.3 mm (p < 0.001) at 30°, and 3.0 ± 0.8 mm (p < 0.001) at 60°. The balloon increased the deltoid load after an irreparable tear by 8.2% (p = 0.022) at 0°, 12.6% (p = 0.002) at 30°, and 11.1% (p = 0.008) at 60°.

Conclusions:
In a cadaveric model of an irreparable supraspinatus tear, a balloon spacer restored intact-state glenohumeral contact pressures at most abduction angles, lowered the humeral head, and increased deltoid load at postoperative time 0.

Clinical Relevance:
This study supports further investigation of the balloon spacer in comparative clinical studies of surgical options for irreparable rotator cuff tears, with clinically relevant evaluation measures and observation periods.
Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis Classification
Authors: Pieroh Philipp , Höch Andreas , Hohmann Tim , Gras Florian , Märdian Sven , Pflug Alexander , Wittenberg Silvan , Ihle Christoph , Blankenburg Notker , Dallacker-Losensky Kevin , Schröder Tanja , Herath Steven C. , Wagner Daniel , Palm Hans-Georg , Josten Christoph , Stuby Fabian M. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) classification was established to address the specific fracture morphology and dynamic instability in the elderly. Although this system is frequently used, data on the intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities are lacking.

Methods:
Six experienced and 6 inexperienced surgeons and 1 surgeon trained by the originator of the FFP classification (“gold standard”) each used the FFP classification 3 times to grade the computed tomography (CT) scans of 60 patients from 6 hospitals. We assessed intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities using Fleiss kappa statistics and the percentage of agreement using the “gold standard,” the submitting hospital, and the majority vote as references.

Results:
The intra-rater reliability for the FFP classification was mainly moderate, with a mean Fleiss kappa coefficient (and 95% confidence interval) of 0.46 (0.40 to 0.50) for the complete classification (i.e., both the main-group FFP ratings [I through III] and the subgroup ratings [a, b, and c]) and 0.60 (0.53 to 0.65) for the main group only. The inter-rater reliability was substantial for the main group classification (0.61 [0.54 to 0.66]) and moderate for the complete classification (0.53 [0.48 to 0.58]). The percentage of agreement was 68% to 80%. The lowest agreement was found for FFP II and III.

Conclusions:
The FFP classification displayed moderate and substantial intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities.

Clinical Relevance:
With moderate to substantial intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities, the FFP classification forms a solid basis for future clinical investigations. The differentiation of FFP II from FFP III should be evaluated thoroughly, as the initial treatment changes from nonoperative for II to operative for III.
Saline Solution Lavage and Reaspiration for Culture with a Blood Culture System Is a Feasible Method for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Patients with Insufficient Synovial Fluid
Authors: Li Rui , Lu Qiang , Chai Wei , Hao Li-Bo , Lu Shi-Bi , Chen Ji-Ying 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Culture is a key step for detecting periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) before surgery. However, using saline solution lavage and reaspiration in patients with insufficient synovial fluid remains controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate this technique.

Methods:
This study included 286 aspirations performed by 1 surgeon in patients after total joint arthroplasty during the period of April 2015 to August 2018. If >1.0 mL of synovial fluid was obtained, then we directly used the fluid for culture. For cases in which ≤1.0 mL of synovial fluid was aspirated, 10 mL of saline solution was injected and the joint was reaspirated for culture. The samples were injected into 2 blood culture bottles for anaerobic bacterial culture and aerobic bacterial and fungal culture, and were inoculated for 14 days in a BACT/ALERT 3D blood culture system unless microorganisms were detected. A PJI diagnosis was determined on the basis of the modified Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria.

Results:
Saline solution lavage and reaspiration were used in 82 cases (47 PJI cases and 35 non-PJI cases), while direct aspiration was used in 204 cases (99 PJI cases and 105 non-PJI cases). The overall rate for the use of saline solution lavage was 28.7% (82 of 286). Among knee cases, the saline solution lavage rate was 15.0% (21 of 140), and among hip cases, the rate was 41.8% (61 of 146). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of culture were 0.795 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.720 to 0.857), 0.957 (95% CI, 0.909 to 0.984), 0.951 (95% CI, 0.896 to 0.982), and 0.817 (95% CI, 0.749 to 0.873); and for “dry tap” cases, they were 0.851 (95% CI, 0.717 to 0.938), 0.857 (95% CI, 0.697 to 0.952), 0.889 (95% CI, 0.760 to 0.963), and 0.811 (95% CI, 0.648 to 0.920), respectively.

Conclusions:
Saline solution lavage and reaspiration for culture in patients with insufficient synovial fluid before surgery may be a sound practice.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Modified V-Y Turndown Flap Augmentation for Quadriceps Tendon Rupture Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Shi Shao-Min , Shi Glenn G. , Laurent Emily M. , Ninomiya James T. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Quadriceps tendon rupture following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an infrequent but potentially devastating adverse event. Although uncommon, the long-term sequelae of this injury can result in permanent inability to walk. Despite the severity of this injury, there is no single accepted treatment, with various surgical methods producing mixed results. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a modified V-Y turndown flap as a viable alternative method of treatment for this injury.

Methods:
Twenty-four quadriceps tendon ruptures in 23 patients (10 men and 13 women) who underwent TKA (8 primary and 15 revision), including 1 tendon rerupture, were treated with use of a modified V-Y turndown. The average patient age at the time of the V-Y flap repair was 61 years (range, 41 to 86 years). Knee Society scores, range of motion, strength, medical comorbidities, nature of the procedure (i.e., primary versus revision), and the ability to walk were all recorded before and after the quadriceps reconstruction, along with general satisfaction and adverse events following the procedure.

Results:
Twelve patients (52%) had predisposing comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, chronic dialysis, and steroid dependence. Prior to repair with the V-Y flap, none of the patients were able to walk independently, requiring either a wheelchair or walker. No patient had quadriceps strength greater than 3 (of 5), although all had full passive extension. Following the repair procedure, patients had significant (p < 0.0001) improvements in mean Knee Society knee score (88.7; range, 45 to 95) and mean strength (4.8; range, 3 to 5), and all were able to walk without assistive devices. Twenty knees exhibited active range of motion of 0° to 120°, whereas 4 had residual extensor lag of ≥5° (range, 5° to 35°). Major adverse events were limited to a single hematoma and an unacceptable extensor lag (35°) after repair.

Conclusions:
The modified V-Y quadriceps tendon turndown flap was a reliable alternative treatment for achieving restoration of the extensor mechanism after complete quadriceps tendon rupture following TKA.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparison of Anderson-Green Growth-Remaining Graphs and White-Menelaus Predictions of Growth Remaining in the Distal Femoral and Proximal Tibial Physes
Authors: Birch John G. , Makarov Marina A. , Jackson Taylor J. , Jo Chan-Hee 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Epiphysiodesis of the distal femoral and/or proximal tibial physes is commonly performed in children and adolescents to treat lower-limb length discrepancy. It is important to determine the amount of growth remaining in the physes of these patients. Two main methods are used to make this determination: the White-Menelaus arithmetic method, which assumes a consistent amount of growth per year until skeletal maturity, and the Anderson-Green growth-remaining charts, which diagram average growth per year ± 2 standard deviations. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these apparently disparate predictions of growth remaining in a cohort of patients managed with epiphysiodesis.

Methods:
From a database of patients managed with epiphysiodesis for lower-limb length discrepancy, we identified all healthy, unoperated leg segments with follow-up to skeletal maturity. We compared the amount of observed growth with the growth predicted by the White-Menelaus method and the Anderson-Green growth-remaining graphs, for both skeletal and chronological ages.

Results:
A total of 441 healthy segments (201 femora and 240 tibiae) in 221 patients (105 boys and 116 girls) with an age range of 9.0 to 16.5 years at the time of epiphysiodesis were analyzed. We observed no relationship between the length percentile of the leg segments at the time of epiphysiodesis and the amount of growth that actually occurred. Growth in the distal femoral and proximal tibial physes was relatively constant (9 and 6 mm per year of skeletal growth, respectively). Skeletal age was a better predictor of growth remaining than chronological age for both methods of estimation. Although the distribution of growth remaining in the present study resembled the Anderson-Green growth-remaining charts, that distribution was not associated with the initial length of leg segments.

Conclusions:
The White-Menelaus method predicted the amount of growth remaining more accurately than the Anderson-Green growth-remaining charts. The distribution of growth remaining observed in the present study resembled that of the Anderson-Green growth-remaining graphs but was not predicted by the initial bone segment length.

Clinical Relevance:
The present study found no positive association between the length percentile of leg segments and the amount of growth that occurred in an epiphysiodesis-age group. This finding can explain the comparative accuracy of the White-Menelaus method and the possible source of prediction errors in the straight-line graph and multiplier methods.
Total Elbow Arthroplasty
Authors: Egidy Claus C. , Cross Michael B. , Nam Denis , Figgie Mark P. , Jost Bernhard 
Published: June 2019

» Since the 1940s, innovations in total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) implant design have been made based on reported outcomes. However, complications still exist and current designs remain imperfect.» Currently, linked (semiconstrained) implants can be used for any indication for TEA; however, aseptic loosening at the bone-cement interface remains a concern.» Unlinked (unconstrained) prostheses have been used primarily in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in situations where the soft-tissue envelope is intact; however, dislocation and/or instability can occur.» Convertible prostheses may provide a solution when the stability of the elbow can be determined intraoperatively, and a semiconstrained implant can be used if the soft-tissue envelope is not intact. Recent long-term results are promising.» There are 3 questions that we sought to answer in this review: (1) How did the failures of early implants change the evolution of TEA designs? (2) How did the evolution of implant design change the indications for TEA? (3) How do the results after TEA differ depending on the indications?
EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY ON THE ONTOGENY OF THREE Allium SPECIES
Authors: Broome Amanda , Peffley Ellen B. 
Published: June 2019

This research evaluated for the NASA ALS program the effect of plant spacing on edible biomass of green salad onions. The ontogeny of Japanese bunching onion, A. fistulosum; bulbing onion, A. cepa; and chives, A. schoenoprasum grown at 10, 15, and 20-mm spacings harvested weekly were compared. Onions were grown hydroponically in Environmental Growth Chambers 16 hours light/8 hours dark, 24/20 °C, 75/99%, ≈650 μmol·m–2.
Experimental design was a completely randomized block with repeated measures. Subsamples of plants completely surrounded by neighboring plants were chosen at random from experimental units. Weekly removal of shoots began 28 days after planting (dap); destructive harvest was 70 dap. Length and diameter of longest leaf, weight (g), number of leaves/tillers were recorded weekly. Bulb caliper and weight was taken 70 dap. Bunching and bulbing onion leaves were longest at 28 dap; leaf lengths steadily decreased over time. Chives were slower to germinate and establish but at 70 dap had longest leaves of all species. Leaf diameter of all species increased as spacing increased. At 56 and through 70 dap chives at all three spacings produced more leaves. Mean weight of shoots differed significantly at the 20-mm spacing: chives weighed the least and bulbing onion the most. Bulb weight for bulbing onion and chives increased with increased spacing; bulbing onion weighed significantly more at 15 and 20-mm compared to the other species and spacings. Chives grown at 20-mm had tillering clumps of rhizomes. Total edible biomass weight (bulb, pseudostem, shoots) of bulbing onion grown at 10-mm exhibited similar ontogeny to chives grown at 10 and 15-mm spacings; bulbing onion grown at 20-mm had the most edible biomass.
Development of a Plant Geospatial Model for Identifying Chestnut Yield‐Limiting Factors
Authors: Zhang Yu , Dong Chun , Liu Jiping , Xu Shenghua 
Published: June 2019

Core IdeasIdentifying chestnut yield limiting factors is essential to precision chestnut tree management.Four geographical detectors were applied to explore the key factors and interactive effects of geographical and socio‐economic factors on chestnut yield using the power of the determinant concept.Soil parent material is a major factor in the spatial variation in chestnut yield, whereas aspect was not found to cause any obvious differences in chestnut yield. Among the eight parent materials, the gneiss soil results in the highest chestnut yield within the study area.The interaction between soil type and total power of farm machinery resulted in the highest chestnut yield.Our approach is a useful target for further research on increasing other crop yield or exploring the effect of factors on other crop yield.The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissimaBlume) is an essential and highly nutritious nut crop, and income from selling chestnuts is important for small producers. Despite chestnuts being widely planted, chestnut yields are decreasing in northern China. The hypothesis of this paper is that yield reduction is the result of complex topographic conditions, insufficient soil nutrients, unscientific fertilization, and limited availability of productive land. The objective was to create a plant social geospatial model–geographical detector for analyzing the strength of the association between chestnut yields and their potential determinants. In this model system, we used measured data from chestnut to highlight how a geospatial model can be used to identify complex relationships among soil, plants, and geospatial location. Four geographical detectors (i.e., risk, factor, ecological, and interaction) were proposed on the basis of spatial variation analysis. The model was then applied to Qianxi County of Hebei Province in China. Soil parent material, soil texture, and total power of farm machinery were found to be the key factors. The interactive effect of any two factors increased chestnut yield, and the interaction between parent material and total power of farm machinery resulted in the highest yield. The study’s approach and findings make it possible to introduce effective and practical measures to increase chestnut yield. Strategies to increase chestnut yield need to be designed with spatial variables being considered.
Changes in Tea Performance and Soil Properties after Three Years of Polyhalite Application
Authors: Zhou Zijun , Chen Kun , Yu Hua , Chen Qingrui , Wu Fachi , Zeng Xiangzhong , Tu Shihua , Qin Yusheng , Meakin Robert , Fan Xiaohui 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
Application of polyhalite increased tea yield and economic benefits.Polyhalite application showed no adverse effects on tea quality.Soil acidification was significantly reduced with polyhalite.Polyhalite would be widely used as a novel potassium fertilizer in tea plantations.
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is the world’s most widely consumed beverage with high economic and health benefits. Potassium is the second key nutrient for tea plants. Polyhalite is applied in some grain crops as a novel source of K, which also contains Ca, Mg, and S. However, the feasibility of using polyhalite for tea growth is unclear. Consequently, a 3‐yr field experiment was conducted to determine effects of polyhalite on soil properties, tea yield, economic benefits, and tea quality in southwest China. There were three treatments: control (CK, without K fertilizer), sulfate of potash (SOP) and polyhalite (POLY4). Compared with CK, SOP and POLY4 application increased soil available K, P, and S contents, as well as tea yields and economic benefits. Compared with SOP, POLY4 increased soil exchangeable Ca and Mg and available S contents, but decreased soil acidification due to high addition of CaSO4 and MgSO4. POLY4 application led to 15.1% higher tea yield than SOP in 2017, while no difference was observed in 2015 and 2016. The POLY4 was economically superior to SOP in 2017 with a greater net benefit by US$1982 ha−1. Although the two treatments did not differ on tea quality, correlation analysis demonstrated that quality was generally positively and significantly correlated with K, Ca, Mg, P, and S contents in tea leaves. Consequently, POLY4 was suitable as a K source for tea. Given high S and Ca contents in POLY4, it might be better to apply POLY4 together with other K fertilizers in future studies.