bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical disparities in emergency department presentations for acute respiratory infections and risk factors for presenting: a population-based cohort study of Western Australian children
Authors: Barnes Rosanne , Blyth Christopher C , de Klerk Nicholas , Lee Wei Hao , Borland Meredith L , Richmond Peter , Lim Faye J , Fathima Parveen , Moore Hannah C 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionStudies examining acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in emergency department (EDs), particularly in rural and remote areas, are rare. This study aimed to examine the burden of ARIs among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children presenting to Western Australian (WA) EDs from 2002 to 2012.MethodUsing a retrospective population-based cohort study linking ED records to birth and perinatal records, we examined presentation rates for metropolitan, rural and remote Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children from 469 589 births. We used ED diagnosis information to categorise presentations into ARI groups and calculated age-specific rates. Negative binomial regression was used to investigate association between risk factors and frequency of ARI presentation.ResultsOverall, 26% of presentations were for ARIs. For Aboriginal children, the highest rates were for those aged <12 months in the Great Southern (1233 per 1000 child-years) and Pilbara regions (1088 per 1000 child-years). Rates for non-Aboriginal children were highest in children <12 months in the Southwest and Kimberley (400 and 375 per 1000 child-years, respectively). Presentation rates for ARI in children from rural and remote WA significantly increased over time in all age groups <5 years. Risk factors for children presenting to ED with ARI were: male, prematurity, caesarean delivery and residence in the Kimberley region and lower socio-economic areas.ConclusionOne in four ED presentations in WA children are for ARIs, representing a significant out-of-hospital burden with some evidence of geographical disparity. Planned linkages with hospital discharge and laboratory detection data will aid in assessing the sensitivity and specificity of ARI diagnoses in ED.
Obscuring effect of coding developmental disability as the underlying cause of death on mortality trends for adults with developmental disability: a cross-sectional study using US Mortality Data from 2012 to 2016
Authors: Landes Scott D , Stevens James Dalton , Turk Margaret A 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo determine whether coding a developmental disability as the underlying cause of death obscures mortality trends of adults with developmental disability.DesignNational Vital Statistics System 2012–2016 US Multiple Cause-of-Death Mortality files.SettingUSA.ParticipantsAdults with a developmental disability indicated on their death certificate aged 18 through 103 at the time of death. The study population included 33 154 adults who died between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2016.Primary outcome and measuresDecedents with a developmental disability coded as the underlying cause of death on the death certificate were identified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision code for intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome or other developmental disability. Death certificates that coded a developmental disability as the underlying cause of death were revised using a sequential underlying cause of death revision process.ResultsThere were 33 154 decedents with developmental disability: 7901 with intellectual disability, 11 895 with cerebral palsy, 9114 with Down syndrome, 2479 with other developmental disabilities and 1765 with multiple developmental disabilities. Among all decedents, 48.5% had a developmental disability coded as the underlying cause of death, obscuring higher rates of choking deaths among all decedents and dementia and Alzheimer’s disease among decedents with Down syndrome.ConclusionDeath certificates that recorded the developmental disability in Part I of the death certificate were more likely to code disability as the underlying cause of death. While revising these death certificates provides a short-term corrective to mortality trends for this population, the severity and extent of this problem warrants a long-term change involving more precise instructions to record developmental disabilities only in Part II of the death certificate.
Development and psychometric testing of an instrument for measuring social participation of adolescents: study protocol of a prospective mixed-methods study
Authors: Baerwalde Tim , Gebhard Britta , Hoffmann Laura , Roick Julia , Martin Olaf , Neurath Anna-Lena , Fink Astrid 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionSocial participation is an important part of a young person’s life. It influences the social experience, social-emotional development and dimensions of competence experience. This applies to people with or without physical disabilities or chronic diseases. Currently, there is no reliable assessment tool for measuring social participation of adolescents in Germany although social participation is a central goal of rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to develop, test and pilot an instrument that assesses social participation for adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 years and to start a psychometric test.Methods and analysisIn a sequential mixed-methods study, adolescents with and without physical disabilities or chronic diseases are asked about their experiences with social participation as well as the individual significance of self-determination through semistructured interviews. The perspective of adolescents is supplemented by focus groups that will be conducted first with experts from social paediatric care and second with legal guardians. Based on this, an assessment instrument will be developed, evaluated and implemented in exemplary social paediatric centres (SPCs) and rehabilitation clinics and psychometrically tested in a pilot study.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be conducted in accordance with the principles of the revised Helsinki Declaration. The study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee at the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. The developed assessment instrument can be used in science to identify disadvantaged groups and to compensate for the disadvantages that could impair development. For this purpose, the results will be presented at scientific conferences and published in international peer-reviewed journals. In practice, the instrument can be used to determine the goals of rehabilitation together with the adolescents and to evaluate the achievement of these goals. For this, implementation workshops and further training will be organised and carried out in children’s rehabilitation clinics and SPCs.Trial registration numberDRKS00014739; Pre-results.
Current health status and history of traumatic brain injury among Ohio adults
Authors: Manchester Kara , Corrigan John D. , Singichetti Bhavna , Huang Lihong , Bogner Jennifer , Yi Honggang , Yang Jingzhen 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionLifetime history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with loss of consciousness (LOC) is prevalent in 21% of adult, non-institutionalised residents of Ohio. Prior history has been associated with lower incomes, inability to work and disability. The current study sought to evaluate the relationship between lifetime history and adverse health conditions.MethodsData came from the 2014 Ohio Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System, which included a state-specific module eliciting lifetime history of TBI.ResultsNon-institutionalised adults living in Ohio who have had at least one TBI with LOC were more likely to report fair or poor health, more days of poor health, more days when poor health limited activities, being diagnosed with a chronic condition and having less than 7 hours of sleep per night. The relationship with increasing number of TBIs was monotonic, with the likelihood of adverse health increasing as the number increased. A similar relationship was observed for increasing severity of the worst lifetime TBI. Experiencing a first TBI before age 15 was associated with poorer health but was not statistically different than incurring a first after age 15.ConclusionsAdults who have experienced TBI with LOC in their lifetime are two to three times more likely to experience adverse health conditions when compared with same age-matched, sex-matched and race-matched adults without such history. These findings support re-examining the public health burden of TBI in light of lifetime exposure and not just the consequences of an index injury.
Central and peripheral hadron–nucleus collisions in the Additive Quark Model
Authors: Arakelyan G. H. , Shabelski Yu. M. , Shuvaev A. G. 
Published: February 2019

Peripheral nucleon–nucleus collisions occur at high energies mainly through the interaction with one constituent quark from the incident nucleon. The central collisions should involve all three constituent quarks and each of them can interact several times. We calculate the average number of quark–nucleus interactions for both the cases in good agreement with the experimental data on [Formula: see text]-meson, [Formula: see text] and all charged secondaries productions in [Formula: see text] collisions at LHC energy [Formula: see text] TeV.
Targeted Metabolomics Identifies the Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Eicosanoid Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Target of Colon Tumorigenesis
Authors: Wang Weicang , Yang Jun , Edin Matthew L. , Wang Yuxin , Luo Ying , Wan Debin , Yang Haixia , Song Chun-Qing , Xue Wen , Sanidad Katherine Z. , Song Mingyue , Bisbee Heather A. , Bradbury Jennifer A. , Nan Guanjun , Zhang Jianan , Shih Pei-an Betty , Lee Kin Sing Stephen , Minter Lisa M. , Kim Daeyoung , Xiao Hang , Liu Jun-Yan , Hammock Bruce D. , Zeldin Darryl C. , Zhang Guodong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, emphasizing the need for the discovery of new cellular targets. Using a metabolomics approach, we report here that epoxygenated fatty acids (EpFA), which are eicosanoid metabolites produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases, were increased in both the plasma and colon of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon cancer mice. CYP monooxygenases were overexpressed in colon tumor tissues and colon cancer cells. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic ablation of CYP monooxygenases suppressed AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, treatment with 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (EpOME), which is a metabolite of CYP monooxygenase produced from linoleic acid, increased cytokine production and JNK phosphorylation in vitro and exacerbated AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis in vivo. Together, these results demonstrate that the previously unappreciated CYP monooxygenase pathway is upregulated in colon cancer, contributes to its pathogenesis, and could be therapeutically explored for preventing or treating colon cancer.

Significance:
This study finds that the previously unappreciated CYP monooxygenase eicosanoid pathway is deregulated in colon cancer and contributes to colon tumorigenesis.
lepra e as sensibilidades de um ex-interno da Colônia de Itanhenga no Espírito Santo
Authors: Franco Sebastião Pimentel , Silva Simone Santos Almeida 
Published: February 2019

Este artigo traz a história dos doentes de lepra, pessoas que viveram segregadas, internadas compulsoriamente numa instituição asilar, em decorrência de uma enfermidade, que ainda nos dias atuais é carregada de estigma. O presente trabalho é fruto de pesquisas realizadas numa antiga colônia de leprosos, a Colônia de Itanhenga, atual hospital Pedro Fontes, em Cariacica, no Espírito Santo. No antigo leprosário, pautado pelo estigma e pelo isolamento compulsório, entrevistamos pacientes, médicos e funcionários da localidade pelo. Ali encontramos um cenário a princípio desenhado pela exclusão social, e perda dos laços familiares pelos pacientes. No entanto encontramos também relatos surpreendentes, de superação, histórias de ex-internos que contornaram a doença e as consequências do isolamento no interior do próprio leprosário. Para esta análise recorremos a história de um dos pacientes residente nas instalações do antigo leprosário de Itanhenga. A partir de recortes de alguns trechos da entrevista, procuramos demonstrar não somente os efeitos negativos do isolamento e da exclusão, sobre este paciente, mas a história de alguém que soube driblar a doença e as imposições de uma politica de combate à doença. Nosso entrevistado é um, entre tantos doentes que apesar da enfermidade, e do isolamento foram capazes de contornar a doença e seus efeitos, transformando aquele local de isolamento num espaço de acolhimento e de recomeço de uma vida nova.
Representação de Geossistêmas em Estudos de Arqueologia da Paisagem: Ambientes Ancestrais em Ilhéus, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Silva Kaique Brito , Amorim Raul Reis 
Published: February 2019

As ocupações pretéritas no espaço geográfico remontam vivências que detinham relações singulares com os atributos naturais. Nesse sentido, a Arqueologia da Paisagem tenta desvendar, através de vestígios arqueológicos, os modos de vida das populações ancestrais. A abordagem metodológica que traduz os sistemas naturais e suas relações com os sistemas antrópicos é conhecida como teoria geossistêmica, que auxilia a Arqueologia da Paisagem nos padrões de ocorrências pretéritas oriundas de configurações ambientais. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi expor os cenários geossistêmicos de Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil, que condicionaram as ocupações desde o período pré-colonial brasileiro. Foram identificados 4 geossistemas que definiram a forma de grupos pré-coloniais ocuparem a região, além de favorecer o crescimento da colônia a partir do século XIX através da produção de cana-de-açúcar nos engenhos locais.
A Toy Model for the Response of the Residual Overturning Circulation to Surface Warming
Authors: Jansen Malte F. , Nadeau Louis-Philippe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA simple model for the deep-ocean overturning circulation is presented and applied to study the ocean’s response to a sudden surface warming. The model combines one-dimensional predictive residual advection–diffusion equations for the buoyancy in the basin and Southern Ocean surface mixed layer with diagnostic relationships for the residual overturning circulation between these regions. Despite its simplicity, the model reproduces the results from idealized general circulation model simulations and provides theoretical insights into the mechanisms that govern the response of the overturning circulation to an abrupt surface warming. Specifically, the model reproduces a rapid shoaling and weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in response to surface warming, followed by a partial recovery over the following decades to centuries, and a full recovery after multiple millennia. The rapid partial recovery is associated with adjustment of the lower thermocline, which itself is shown to be accelerated by the weakened AMOC. Full equilibration instead requires adjustment of the abyssal buoyancy, which is shown to be governed by diapycnal diffusion and surface fluxes around Antarctica.
Navigating Mental Models of Risk and Uncertainty within the Ocean Forecast System: An Oregon Case Study
Authors: Kuonen Jessica , Conway Flaxen , Strub Ted 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis case study explores how to add value to regional ocean condition forecast information by bringing awareness to the processes that govern decision-making and outcomes within the system. A modified mental models research approach is applied to examine differences and similarities in perceptions of risk and comfort with uncertainty between two interdependent communities, the ocean “data provider” and “end user,” and how these perceptions impact accessibility and usefulness of data products. In this study, data providers are academic and agency scientists from institutions that provide ocean condition forecasts to public end users (n = 17). End users are members of the Oregon commercial-fishing community (n = 16). Comparisons reveal key differences and similarities related to the nature of each profession that impact perceptions of scale in time and space and reveal the ways that cumulative and intersecting risks and uncertainties act as key drivers in decision-making. Implications for expanding the current understanding of how ocean forecasts are produced and used include 1) highlighting the value of optimizing ocean forecast delivery tools based on end-user needs and information-seeking processes already in place, 2) identifying structural and cultural barriers within the data-provider network that prevent them from doing so, and 3) demonstrating the value of learning about both producers and users of scientific information and suggesting potential ways to structure cooperation and strengthen relationships between them by working toward a common desired outcome.
Multi-phase coronary magnetic resonance angiography improves delineation of coronary arteries
Authors: Zitzelsberger Tanja , Krumm Patrick , Hornung Andreas , Kramer Ulrich , Nikolaou Konstantin , Schäfer Jürgen F , Schick Fritz , Sieverding Ludger , Martirosian Petros 
Published: February 2019

Background Coronary artery magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) is a robust tool for delineation of the coronary artery anatomy. In order to overcome the issue of visual delineation of the quietest heart phase, we implemented a new three-dimensional (3D) multi-phase whole-heart CMRA. Purpose To evaluate the 3D multi-phase whole-heart CMRA technique for depiction of the coronary arteries and simultaneous assessment of cardiac function. Material and Methods Ten healthy volunteers were included in a prospective study comprising 3D whole-heart CMRA with multiple-phase acquisition on 1.5-T MR. As a reference for coronary artery imaging, single-phase CMRA was performed. Furthermore, two-dimensional SSFP imaging was performed for functional assessment. Vessel sharpness (VS) was rated on a 5-point Likert scale (5 = best) and ventricular volumes were assessed in respective sequences. Results VS scores were rated higher in multi-phase compared to single-phase CMRA: mean VS of the RCA was 4.6 ± 0.52 in multi-phase and 3.6 ± 1.17 in single-phase CMRA (z = –2.232, P = 0.031). Mean VS of the LM was 4.2 ± 0.79 vs. 3.7 ± 0.82 (z = –2.236, P = 0.063), of the LCX was 3.8 ± 1.03 vs. 3.4 ± 1.01 (z = –1.265, P = 0.359), and of the LAD was 3.9 ± 0.59 vs. 3.9 ± 0.32 (z = 0, P = 1.00). In functional assessment, the mean difference between multi-phase CMRA and two-dimensional SSFP imaging for assessing the end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle (LV-EDV) was –0.38% (95% CI -2.41–1.64) and for the right ventricular EDV –0.28 (95% CI -3.51–2.96). Conclusion The 3D multi-phase CMRA approach allows a time efficient depiction of the coronary arteries and a coeval functional assessment, with an improved vessel sharpness of the coronaries.
Common feline problem behaviors: Destructive scratching
Authors: DePorter Theresa L , Elzerman Ashley L 
Published: February 2019

Practical relevance: While scratching is a normal, beneficial behavior for cats, it can create problems when cats scratch objects owners deem as inappropriate. However, if veterinarians make suitable recommendations from the first veterinary visit, owners will be able to implement effective preventive strategies to develop good scratching patterns for life. Educating owners as to why cats scratch, how to guide cats to scratch only on desirable surfaces (ie, a scratching post), which types of scratching posts are preferred by most cats, the benefits of pheromone products, as well as other strategies to avoid destructive scratching, helps to preserve the cat–owner bond and reduces the risk of relinquishment. Clinical challenges: Clients may not directly ask veterinarians for their assistance regarding their cat’s destructive scratching, and may not be aware that anything can be done except for declawing their cat. Evidence base: Published studies on scratching are limited. Destructive scratching has been documented as a reason for the relinquishment of cats to shelters and the negative effects of declaw surgeries are being increasingly discovered. Among recent scientific publications are studies assessing kitten and cat preferences for scratching substrates, and the use of pheromones to encourage appropriate scratching behavior. This review draws on these studies, among other resources, as well as the authors’ personal experiences.
Retinal Artery Occlusion in Young Patients: A 6-Year Review
Authors: Xia Tian , Zarbin Marco A. , Bhagat Neelakshi 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: This article describes the characteristics, management, and etiology of retinal artery occlusions (RAOs) in young patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients <50 years of age with ophthalmic and RAOs was conducted. Data were collected on demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging evaluation, management, and outcome. Results: Seventeen eyes of 15 patients younger than 50 (mean age, 34±8 years; 71% male, 29% female) with RAOs were identified. AOs included: 8 (47%) central RAOs (CRAOs), 5 (29%) branch RAOs (BRAOs), 3 (18%) ophthalmic AOs (OAOs), and 1 (6%) combined CRAO and vein occlusion (CRAO/CRVO). Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (VA) at presentation was 2.6±4 (Snellen range 20/15 to no light perception). Systemic diseases in patients with BRAO included Susac disease (n = 1), sickle cell disease (n = 2), patent foramen ovale (PFO) (n = 1), and HIV (n = 1). CRAO was diagnosed in 4 patients after invasive surgery (3 after neurosurgery and 1 after cardiac surgery). Other patients had hypertension (n = 3), hypercoagulability due to uterine cancer (n = 1), and PFO (n = 1). OAOs were noted in 1 patient with Saturday night retinopathy and in 1 with ruptured internal carotid aneurysm at the level of the ophthalmic artery. Two eyes with CRAO were treated with tissue plasminogen activator (1 intraophthalmic artery through catheterization and 1 intravenously) without any change in final VA. In these patients, VA remained poor (VA hand motions – counting fingers) at 6 months or greater follow-up visits. Conclusion: RAO in young patients is uncommon. In this series, one-fourth of occlusions were seen during the perioperative period. A significant number of patients had concurrent uncontrolled hypertension. Other associated systemic findings included PFO, hypercoagulability, sickle cell disease, Susac disease, and HIV.