bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of RC Continuous Beams Strengthened with FRP Plates: A Finite Element Model
Authors: Sakr Mohamed A. , Khalifa Tarek M. , Mansour Walid N. 
Published: September 2019

Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) plates/sheets technique has become widespread in the last two decades. Although a great deal of research has been conducted on simply supported RC beams, a few studies have been carried out on continuous beams strengthened with FRP composites. This paper presents a simple uniaxial nonlinear finite-element model (UNFEM) that is able to accurately estimate the load-carrying capacity and the behaviour of RC continuous beams flexurally strengthened with externally bonded FRP plates on both of the upper and lower fibres. A 21-degree of freedom element is proposed with layer-discretization of the cross-sections for finite element (FE) modelling. Realistic nonlinear constitutive relations are employed to describe the stress-strain behaviour of each component of the strengthened beam. The FE model is based on nonlinear fracture mechanics. The interfacial shear and normal stresses in the adhesive layer are presented using an analytical uncoupled cohesive zone model with a mixed-mode fracture criterion. The results of the proposed FE model are verified by comparison with various selected experimental measurements available in the literature. The numerical results of the plated beams (beams strengthened with FRP plates) agreed very well with the experimental results. The use of FRP increased the ultimate load capacity up to 100 % compared with the non-strengthened beams as occurred in series (S). The major objective of the current model is to help engineers’ model FRP-strengthened RC continuous beams in a simple manner.
Establishment of a Stochastic Model for Sustainable Economic Flood Management in Yewa Sub-Basin, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Agbede O.A , Aiyelokun Oluwatobi 
Published: September 2019

Of all natural disasters, floods have been considered to have the greatest potential damage. The magnitude of economic damages and number of people affected by flooding have recently increased globally due to climate change. This study was based on the establishment of a stochastic model for reducing economic floods risk in Yewa sub-basin, by fitting maximum annual instantaneous discharge into four probability distributions. Daily discharge of River Yewa gauged at Ijaka-Oke was used to establish a rating curve for the sub-basin, while return periods of instantaneous peak floods were computed using the Hazen plotting position. Flood magnitudes were found to increase with return periods based on Hazen plotting position. In order to ascertain the most suitable probability distribution for predicting design floods, the performance evaluation of the models using root mean square error was employed. In addition, the four probability models were subjected to goodness of fit test besed on Anderson-Darling (A2) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS). As a result of the diagnostics test the Weibul probability distribution was confirmed to fit well with the empirical data of the study area. The stochastic model generated from the Weibul probability distribution, could be used to enhance sustainable development by reducing economic flood damages in the sub-basin.
Effect of Cyclic Loadings on the Shear Strength and Reinforcement Slip of RC Beams
Authors: Sakr Mohammed A 
Published: September 2019

Numerous studies of the response of reinforced concrete members under cyclic loadings, many of which have been summarized and have indicated that, in general, the flexural strength of under-reinforced beams remains unimpaired under cyclic loadings consisting of a reasonable number of cycles. However, there is a body of evidence indicating that their shear strength may suffer under such loadings. The first objective of the current study is to construct an accurate 2D shell finite element model of reinforced concrete beams under cyclic loadings. The second objective is carrying out a parametric study on reinforced concrete beams, using the suggested 2D shell model. The objective of this study was to observe the effect of the stirrup spacing, steel-to-concrete bond properties on the performance of reinforced concrete beams under cyclic loadings. For this purpose, an efﬁcient and accurate ﬁnite element model was established taking into account the compression and tensile softening introducing damage in the concrete material, the Baushinger effect using nonlinear isotropic/kinematic hardening in the steel and an adequate bond-slip law for the concrete–steel interface. The simulated results of numerical models were veriﬁed by experimental results available in literature in order to validate the proposed model, including hysteretic curves, failure modes, crack pattern and debonding failure mode. The model provided a strong tool for investigating the performances of reinforced concrete beam. The results showed that: Cyclic loadings may change the failure mode of the beam to bond failure even though it has sufficient bond length to resist static loadings. So that under cyclic loadings additional anchorage length must be taken, cyclic loadings also influence the ductility and peak load for beams fail in shear. All these topics are of the utmost importance to RC behaviour to be considered by construction codes.
Comprehensive Earthquake Catalogs and Seismicity Parameters from Incomplete Earthquake Catalogs of Guilan Region, Iran
Authors: Ghorbani Ali , Izadi Ardavan 
Published: September 2019

Statistics of human losses and financial casualties in Guilan province as one of the most populated and strategic areas in the north of Iran have doubled the importance of having knowledge about earthquake and strategies to reduce its effect. In order to investigate seismic hazard analysis, earthquake records along with selecting the proper distance of intended locations were gathered to make Poissonian catalogs. The earthquake catalogs cover the geographical area limited to 35.0°-39.3°N, 47.1-52.2°E and include around 4,000 earthquake events between the years of 855 to 2016. An extensive amount of efforts and times are required to eliminate duplicated events, to unify the magnitude scales and to cluster the earthquake sequences with variable windows in time and location domains to remove aftershocks and foreshocks. The Final homogenous catalog consists of around 110 events for each region. Magnitude of completeness in different time intervals is reported for Guilan region. Seismicity parameters were achieved using Gutenberg-Richter method by Zmap and Kijko-Sellovell approaches for important cities of Guilan including Rasht, Anzali, Rudbar, and Lahijan. Comparative analysis of the results from Zmap and Kijko-Sellovell approaches shows good consistency in the estimation of seismic parameters with the result of literature.
Classification of Precast Concrete Segments Damages during Production and Transportation in Mechanized Shield Tunnels of Iran
Authors: Shayanfar Mohsen Ali , Mahyar Payman , Jafari Ahmad , Mohtadinia Mohammad 
Published: September 2019

Precast concrete segments used in shield tunnel linings are prone to damage in many situations. These damages can occur at different stages such as fabrication in segment factory, transportation to tunneling site, during tunneling process, and at serviceability stage. The aim of the present article is to study the damages inflicted on concrete segments during production and transportation, and to present a new classification of these damages throughout the two stages. The developed classification is based on field observations and examinations of major subway and water conveyance mechanized shield tunnels of Iran, located in Tehran, Tabriz, Mashhad, Kermanshah (Nosood) and Isfahan (Golab). The quality of tunnel lining suffers from what, as a direct consequence of any damage to concrete segments, during production and transportation, which will be also discussed in this article. For further investigation, more than 250 concrete segments from Tehran subway line 3 and 350 segments of concrete segments from Tehran subway line 7 were selected and studied for a statistical analysis of chipping and crack, consecutively. Absence of preventive measures to limit segment damages in precast segment factories is one of the main reasons for increased number of damaged concrete segments, and as a result, increased costs of tunnel construction at later stages. In this paper, production phase damages and factors contributing to these damages are studied. According to the findings of the study, the human (operator) error was the most important cause for chipping, and, time-dependent behavior of concrete was the essential reason in crack of precast segments. Eventually, final section of the article presents practical solutions for reduction of damages during fabrication and transportation of concrete segments.
Induced Settlement Reduction of Adjacent Masonry Building in Residential Constructions
Authors: Mohafezatkar Sereshkeh Abolfazl , Jamshidi Chenari Reza 
Published: September 2019

Many buildings and heritages are yearly damaged due to new construction plans in vicinity of them. Current engineering practice in Iran lacks unfortunately regulations to enforce the designers of new buildings to re-evaluate the structural integrity of adjacent old buildings which are prone to unacceptable induced settlement and distortions. To damage assessment of old building, deflection ratio was used for unreinforced load-bearing wall (masonry) building. In this paper some practical methods like story limits for the new buildings according to the specification of old structure, improvement of shallow foundations and increasing the embedment depth of new foundations have been studied in order to decrease the settlement and undesirable effects of adjacent constructions. Parametric studies using numerical analysis, Flac3D, have paved the way how above mentioned methods can remedy the problem. So induced consolidation settlements due to new construction in adjacent building were studied. In conclusion, increase of admissible story of new building up to one floor by increase of embedment depth as much as one meter and three floors by using of mat foundation instead of single footing were highlighted these methods.
Seismic Performance of High-Rise RC Shear Wall Buildings Subjected to Ground Motions with Various Frequency Contents
Authors: Afzali Anoushiravan , Mortezaei Alireza , Kheyroddin Ali 
Published: September 2019

Construction of tall buildings in societies is rising up for the increased population and limitation in horizontal expansion of cities. Therefore, behavior of these structures against earthquake essentially requires investigation. Recent research has shown that frequency content parameter of an earthquake has remarkable impacts on seismic response of buildings. This study aimed to investigate direct effects of frequency content on high – rise buildings. Thus, six Reinforced Concrete (RC) central core 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35- story buildings were built in open source software OpenSees, and their seismic behavior under seismic records with various frequency contents were investigated. In this research, non – linear dynamic Time – History was carried out and also behavior of buildings was compared in drift, shear force of stories, and maximum displacement of stories. Results of Time – History analysis showed that low – frequency content records have the highest effects on buildings. Most of the responses of drift and displacement of stories pertained to low – frequency contents in low – rise 10 and 15-story buildings. Although the most shear force of stories was related to low – frequency contents, with increasing height of buildings, shear force of stories increased, too. So that under Kobe Japan record which has the lowest frequency content among all records in this paper. Maximum shear force of stories was 6840 ton in 10-story building, whereas it was 12332 ton in 35- story building.
Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat melalui Pemasaran Wisata Kuliner Jajanan Tradisoional di Desa Cantuk Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Aula Izatul Aini  , Muhammad Imam Khaudli  , Ribut Suprapto  
Published: September 2019

The abundance potential of Natural Resource (SDA) and Human Resources (HR) are still not providing a great space for the improvement of welfare for the mothers in Cantuk village, Banyuwangi. The data shown that most of housewives of Rampan Hamlet, Cantuk Village, were still many unemployed. However, on the one hand they had culinary skills in particular and traditional cuisine. Some culinary effort had been developed, one of which attempt to make banana, one of them was the banana chip business, but this effort did not last long because the product marketing was not maximized. From the background, through Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, mentoring housewives’ community in strengthening the capacity of traditional culinary product sales through “Jajanan Bengi Tombo Kangen” Bazaar. The results of this mentoring were able to mobilize the housewives who were members on Moslem Al-Hikmah Rampan Hamlet, and various Hamlet around Cantuk Village to initiate and realize traditional food marketing regularly. Through this Bazaar, variety housewives’ traditional products such as pancake, cenil, klepon, and other traditional food could be distributed and sold so well, as to increase their family's income from selling traditional food in "Jajanan Bengi Tombo Kangen" Bazaar.
Pemberdayaan Perempuan Pengrajin Genteng Di Desa Ngembalrejo Kabupaten Kudus: Upaya Di Tengah Marjinalisasi dan Eksploitasi
Authors: Siti Malaiha Dewi  , M. Amin  
Published: September 2019

Ideally, women who spend time and energy in the workplace are directly proportional to the high quality of life. However, this is not the case with tile craftsmen in the circle of the Holy IAIN campus. Women tile craftsmen have no job certainty, guaranteed work safhety, and high health risks. There is no certainty about work because it is only employed during the dry season, while in the rainy season it is idle. However, this condition continues because there are no other job choices. Therefore, life skill training in the manufacture of pastries, wet cakes, and application trays as alternatif businesses is expected to answer the uncertainty of work so far. This activity was attended by 20 women tile craftsmen with direct practice methods, then training in family financial management. As a result, female tile craftsmen have alternatif skills so that no more women are unemployed when the rainy season arrives, so they can increase their income and confidence. In addition, a women's association of tile craftsmen was successfully established as a place to share and mutually reinforce women among tile craftsme.
Pendampingan Manajemen Keuangan Melalui Program Literasi Keuangan Kepada Komunitas Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) yang Terjerat Rentenir di Kabupaten Nganjuk
Authors: Ainna Amalia FN  , Lilis Rahmawati  
Published: September 2019

The development of UMKM in the process does not always go smoothly, sometimes the business also has obstacles, including being entangled by moneylenders. Therefore, the Assistant Team of Al ‘Ula Islamic Financial Institution of STAI Miftahul Ula Nglawak partnered with the NU LKK Nganjuk and Cooperative-UMKM Office of Nganjuk provides capital assistance without interest for MSME community through literacy programs. By using the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) method, this study aims to provide financial management assistance for UMKM Community who were entangeled by moneylenders. The results of the study indicate social change as follows: (1) awareness increases the productivity and work ethic; (2) the emergence of financial management skills through financial literacy; (3) financial literacy, which is the emergence of financial inclusion, financial passport, and financial access issues; (4) the emergence of efforts optimization to empower financial management capabilities; (5) able to make strategic planning to improve the level of the business community; (6) the emergence of new assistants; (7) there is a partnership between the assistant team and stakeholders.
Contenido de agua y consistencia Bostwick en granos de maíz (Zea mays amylacea) tostados con microondas a diferentes tiempos
Authors: Lara Nelly 
Published: September 2019

del grano seco de los cultivares de maíz harinoso. En este estudio se planteó: evaluar la reducción del contenido de agua (CA) y la variación de la consistencia Bostwick (CB) en los granos de maíz completamente harinoso sometidos al efecto del tiempo de tostación por microondas; estandarizar los resultados con respecto a los valores iniciales determinados en granos crudos; e interpretar el grado de modificación del endospermo harinoso de los granos tostados. Se adquirió muestras del cultivar comercial más utilizado por los productores artesanales y se equilibró el contenido de agua en los granos de maíz a 14 g/100g de muestra. En muestras de granos de maíz tratadas con microondas por: 0; 78; 156; 234; 312 y 390 segundos (horno microondas a 492 w de potencia) se determinaron, el contenido de agua y la consistencia Bostwick. El análisis de varianza evidenció el efecto significativo del tiempo de tostación sobre las dos variables de medición indicadas. Los resultados del análisis multivariante y de regresión simple y múltiple revelaron la validez de los conceptos aplicados para el entendimiento y la interpretación del grado de modificación que se ha producido al interior de los granos de maíz, así como, la importancia de generar mayor conocimiento en el tema de grado de modificación del grano de maíz tostado con microondas.
Las tierras y territorios rurales como escenarios funcionales para la práctica de la Economía Popular y Solidaria en Ecuador: algunos elementos sobre su uso y aprovechamiento
Authors: Nieto Cabrera Carlos , Vicuña Azucena 
Published: September 2019

El artículo presenta un estudio analítico sobre la caracterización del uso y del potencial productivo de los territorios y tierras rurales en Ecuador, como escenario para la aplicación del modelo de Economía Popular y Solidaria, EPS. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, se planteó la siguiente hipótesis: “La posesión y usufructo de una parcela agrícola, individual o colectiva en las áreas rurales donde prevalece la presencia de los actores de la Economía Popular y Solidaria, apenas facilita su sobrevivencia, pero no es garantía para una reproducción familiar apropiada o para una vida familiar digna”. Con base en los resultados de la investigación, la hipótesis fue aceptada como verdadera. Uno de los principales resultados fue la relación directa entre la pobreza de las poblaciones y su actividad económica principal, que es agricultura, aplicada en tierras con aptitud natural para forestación o conservación. Además, se encontró que las actividades productivas de las poblaciones rurales actoras de la EPS, están sujetas a riesgos constantes, en función de las amenazas de eventos climáticos adversos y de la vulnerabilidad de las áreas en producción, por estar ubicadas en ecosistemas frágiles. Por otro lado, se encontró que el tamaño promedio de Unidades Productivas, Agropecuarias, UPA, está muy por debajo del tamaño mínimo requerido para hacer agricultura redituable y la tendencia a continuar subdividiendo las UPA, es creciente. Sin embargo, aun con estos tamaños micro de UPA, las familias dejan de cultivar parte de sus fundos cambian de uso productivo desde cultivos a pastos para cría de ganado, esto lo hacen para evitar el uso de la mano de obra en actividades agrícolas no rentables en la UPA y ofertar la mano de obra en actividades remuneradas extra finca. Las conclusiones del estudio fueron: i) Tanto por la calidad de la tierra o territorio (aptitud natural de uso), como por la cantidad disponible (tamaño de UPA insuficiente), la posesión y usufructo de una UPA, no es una garantía para la reproducción y aseguramiento de la calidad de vida familiar, en la mayoría de áreas rurales de la Sierra ecuatoriana, pero especialmente para las comunidades y grupos indígenas, que se supone conforman la EPS; ii) En muchos casos, la tierra como pertenencia individual o colectiva, más bien se ha convertido en el principal y acaso único activo del patrimonio familiar o comunal, antes de ser el medio de producción, y iii) Se ha evidenciado que el tipo de agricultura denominada “agricultura familiar”, “agricultura de subsistencia”, o “agricultura de sobrevivencia”, todavía reinvindicada por varios investigadores y promotores rurales, parecería no tener un futuro prometedor.
The Influence of Lowness of Ufuk in Reckoning of Maghrib Prayer Times at City’s Grand Mosque in Indonesia
Authors: Masruhan Masruhan 
Published: September 2019

Khazanah hisab waktu salat Maghrib dalam kajian ilmu falak memiliki variasi kriteria dalam penentuan ketinggian Matahari, yaitu: pembulatan angka -1°; dan penggunaan daripada rumus ketinggian Matahari, yaitu: -(kerendahan ufuk + semidiameter + refraksi). Penelitian ini membahas tentang implementasi kedua kriteria tersebut ke dalam hisab waktu salat pada Masjid Agung Kota/Kabupaten. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, yaitu: hasil uji akurasi hisab waktu salat kriteria ho = -1 ° lebih lambat pada waktu Maghrib jika input ketinggian yaitu di bawah 33 mdpl. Kemudian hasil hisab waktu salat kriteria ho = -1 ° memilki hasil waktu Maghrib yang sama dengan hisab kriteria ho = - (ku+ref+sd) ketika input ketinggian yaitu 33 mdpl. Dan hasil hisab waktu salat kriteria ho = -1 ° lebih cepat pada waktu Maghrib yaitu di atas 33 mdpl. Sedangkan batas toleransi perbedaan sebesar 1 menit yaitu mencapai ketinggian 201 mdpl artinya sejumlah 82,14971 % dari total Masjid Agung Kota masih aman. Di Indonesia, ketinggian Masjid Agung Kota di atas 201 mdpl atau selisihnya lebih dari 1 menit sejumlah 17,850287% artinya masih belum aman menggunakan hisab awal waktu salat kriteria ho = -1° dan diperlukan penambahan koreksi - (ku+ref+sd).
Telaah Ayat-Ayat Hisab Rukyah Perspektif Astronomi
Authors: Nursodik Nursodik 
Published: September 2019

The discourse of the verses of the Qur’an regarding the reckoning (hisab) and determining date by sighting of moon (rukyat) did not find passages that describe implicitly on an initial determination by using the lunar month of reckoning, but explicitly there are several verses in the Qur'an that mention reckoning in relation to the existence position of the moon and sun. The correlation or relationship verses of the Koran to the concept of astronomy (reckoning rukyah) based on the interpretations and asbab al-nuzul show harmony with the science of astronomy. Therefore, the science of astronomy is needed as a tool for understanding the verses of Allah in the Qur'an and in the universe. Thus signaling a clear and complete information about the procedure of reckoning and rukyat preliminary determination of the Moon in the Qur'an now we'll get to bridge the bridge between the message of the Qur'an and as-Sunnah (proposition syar'i), rukyat or observation and reckoning is required a comprehensive understanding of the objective - scientific paradigm in understanding the concept of reckoning and rukyah as a single entity that can not be separated.