bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portland Intensive Insulin Therapy During Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Association with Postreperfusion Hyperglycemia and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Kang RyungA , Han Sangbin , Lee Kyo Won , Kim Gaab Soo , Choi Soo Joo , Ko Justin S. , Lee Sang Hyun , Gwak Mi Sook 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany liver transplant recipients experience intraoperative hyperglycemia after graft reperfusion. Accordingly, we introduced the Portland intensive insulin therapy (PoIIT) in our practice to better control blood glucose concentration (BGC). We evaluated the effects of PoIIT by comparing with our conventional insulin therapy (CoIT). Of 128 patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) during the phaseout period of CoIT, 89 were treated with the PoIIT and 39 were treated with CoIT. The primary outcome was hyperglycemia (BGC > 180 mg/dL) during the intraoperative postreperfusion phase. The secondary outcomes were postoperative complications such as infection. The incidence of hyperglycemia (22.5% vs. 53.8%, p = 0.001) and prolonged hyperglycemia for >2 hours (7.9% vs. 30.8%, p = 0.002) was significantly lower in PoIIT group than in CoIT group. A mixed linear model further demonstrated that repeatedly measured BGCs were lower in PoIIT group (p < 0.001). The use of PoIIT was significantly associated with decreases in major infections (OR = 0.23 [0.06–0.85], p = 0.028), prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.29 [0.09–0.89], p = 0.031), and biliary stricture (OR = 0.23 [0.07–0.78], p = 0.018) after adjustments for age, sex, and diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, the PoIIT is effective for maintaining BGC and preventing hyperglycemia during the intraoperative postreperfusion phase of living donor liver transplantation with potential clinical benefits.
Isotopic resonance at 370 ppm deuterium negatively affects kinetics of luciferin oxidation by luciferase
Authors: Rodin Sergey , Rebellato Paola , Lundin Arne , Zubarev Roman A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSince 1930s, it has been known that some biochemical and biological processes exhibit abnormal kinetics at a deuterium concentration in the local environment of 250–600 ppm, which is 2–4 times higher that the normal concentration of 150 ppm D. We sought to test if the kinetics of firefly luciferase oxidizing luciferin, the reaction widely used as a read-out in various biochemical assays, is also affected by an elevated deuterium content. To this end, both luciferase and luciferin substrate solutions were prepared based on water with extra deuterium added to a concentration ranging from 150 ppm and up to 10,000 ppm (1%). Upon mixing the solutions, the luminescence intensity at different times was compared with that of the corresponding control solutions with 150 ppm D. A broad negative resonance was detected (p < 10−6), with a ≈20% drop in luminescence at 370 ppm D. Given that, on average, about half of hydrogen atoms in proteins are not exchangeable in solution, this value corresponds to ≈260 ppm of deuterium in all enzyme’s hydrogens, in a very good agreement with the prediction of the Isotopic resonance hypothesis.
Spatial compartmentation and food web stability
Authors: Mougi Akihiko 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn important goal in ecology has been to reveal what enables diverse species to be maintained in natural ecosystems. A particular interaction network structure, compartments, divided subsystems with minimal linkage to other subsystems, has been emphasized as a key stabilizer of community dynamics. This concept inherently includes spatiality because communities are physically separated. Nevertheless, few theoretical studies have explicitly focused on such spatial compartmentation. Here using a meta-community model of a food web, I show that compartments have less effect on community stability than previously thought. Instead, less compartmentation of a food web can greatly increase stability, particularly when subsystems are moderately coupled by species migration. Furthermore, compartmentation has a strong destabilization effect in larger systems. The results of the present study suggest that spatial limitation of species interactions rather than of community interactions plays a key role in ecosystem maintenance.
Substrate specificity of plant nitrilase complexes is affected by their helical twist
Authors: Woodward Jeremy D. , Trompetter Inga , Sewell B. Trevor , Piotrowski Markus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNitrilases are oligomeric, helix-forming enzymes from plants, fungi and bacteria that are involved in the metabolism of various natural and artificial nitriles. These biotechnologically important enzymes are often specific for certain substrates, but directed attempts at modifying their substrate specificities by exchanging binding pocket residues have been largely unsuccessful. Thus, the basis for their selectivity is still unknown. Here we show, based on work with two highly similar nitrilases from the plant Capsella rubella, that modifying nitrilase helical twist, either by exchanging an interface residue or by imposing a different twist, without altering any binding pocket residues, changes substrate preference. We reveal that helical twist and substrate size correlate and when binding pocket residues are exchanged between two nitrilases that show the same twist but different specificities, their specificities change. Based on these findings we propose that helical twist influences the overall size of the binding pocket.
Coral metabolite gradients affect microbial community structures and act as a disease cue
Authors: Ochsenkühn Michael A. , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Harir Mourad , Amin Shady A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCorals are threatened worldwide due to prevalence of disease and bleaching. Recent studies suggest the ability of corals to resist disease is dependent on maintaining healthy microbiomes that span coral tissues and surfaces, the holobiont. Although our understanding of the role endosymbiotic microbes play in coral health has advanced, the role surface-associated microbes and their chemical signatures play in coral health is limited. Using minimally invasive water sampling, we show that the corals Acropora and Platygyra harbor unique bacteria and metabolites at their surface, distinctly different from surrounding seawater. The surface metabolites released by the holobiont create concentration gradients at 0–5 cm away from the coral surface. These molecules are identified as chemo-attractants, antibacterials, and infochemicals, suggesting they may structure coral surface-associated microbes. Further, we detect surface-associated metabolites characteristic of healthy or white syndrome disease infected corals, a finding which may aid in describing effects of diseases.
Persistence of environmental DNA in marine systems
Authors: Collins Rupert A. , Wangensteen Owen S. , O’Gorman Eoin J. , Mariani Stefano , Sims David W. , Genner Martin J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs environmental DNA (eDNA) becomes an increasingly valuable resource for marine ecosystem monitoring, understanding variation in its persistence across contrasting environments is critical. Here, we quantify the breakdown of macrobial eDNA over a spatio-temporal axis of locally extreme conditions, varying from ocean-influenced offshore to urban-inshore, and between winter and summer. We report that eDNA degrades 1.6 times faster in the inshore environment than the offshore environment, but contrary to expectation we find no difference over season. Analysis of environmental covariables show a spatial gradient of salinity and a temporal gradient of pH, with salinity—or the biotic correlates thereof—most important. Based on our estimated inshore eDNA half-life and naturally occurring eDNA concentrations, we estimate that eDNA may be detected for around 48 h, offering potential to collect ecological community data of high local fidelity. We conclude by placing these results in the context of previously published eDNA decay rates.
Atomic-scale tailoring of spin susceptibility via non-magnetic spin-orbit impurities
Authors: Womack F. N. , Adams P. W. , Nam H. , Shih C. K. , Catelani G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFollowing the discovery of topological insulators, there has been a renewed interest in superconducting systems that have strong spin-orbit (SO) coupling. Here we address the fundamental question of how the spin properties of a otherwise spin-singlet superconducting ground state evolve with increasing SO impurity density. We have mapped out the Zeeman critical field phase diagram of superconducting Al films that were deposited over random Pb cluster arrays of varying density. These phase diagrams give a direct measure of the Fermi liquid spin renormalization, as well as the spin orbit scattering rate. We find that the spin renormalization is a linear function of the average Pb cluster -to- cluster separation and that this dependency can be used to tune the spin susceptibility of the Al over a surprisingly wide range from 0.8χ0 to 4.0χ0, where χ0 is the non-interacting Pauli susceptibility.
Selection of Parameters for 3D Finite-volume Mesh for CFD Simulation of Axial Turbines
Authors: Popov Grigorii , Matveev Valery , Baturin Oleg , Novikova Julia , Kolmakova Daria , Volkov Andrei 
Published: October 2018

This article describes the second part of the global work done by the authors aimed at finding the best settings for a numerical model for calculations of axial uncooled turbines using the RANS approach. For the research, more than 1000 models of full-size axial turbines (including multistage turbines) and their elements were created. They differed in the number, size, parameters of the elements of finite volume meshes, in turbulence models, in the degree of simplification. The results were compared with the experimental data.
As a result, the following was obtained:
1. A method for developing and optimizing the working process of turbines using numerical simulation based on the RANS approach is proposed. The search for the optimal turbine configuration is carried out using light computational models, which are based on the simplified channel geometry and the finite volume mesh. Their application makes it possible to reliably find the optimal turbine configuration 2.8 times faster. The characteristics of the selected variants are verified with the help of verification models that consider the real geometry of the channels and have a minimum error.
2. Recommendations are given on the selection of parameters for finite volume meshes and the selection of turbulence models for numerical models of the working process of axial turbines designed to perform optimization and verification calculations.
Methodische Herausforderungen der Präventionsberichterstattung
Authors: Starke Dagmar , Arnold Laura , Fertmann Regina , March Stefanie , Moebus Susanne , Terschüren Claudia , Szagun Bertram 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund 2015 trat das Präventionsgesetz in Kraft mit dem Ziel, Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung sowie insbesondere Lebensweltansätze zu stärken. Ein bestehendes Public-Health-Aktionsfeld wird damit durch ein weitgehend als Sozialversicherungsgesetz in Kraft getretenes Regelwerk gestärkt und erweitert. Begleitet werden soll die Gesetzesumsetzung auf verschiedenen Handlungsebenen durch den Aufbau einer Präventionsberichterstattung.
Ziel Formen von Berichterstattung werden mittels der Planungsstufen des Public Health Action Cycle mit ihren unterschiedlichen Zielen, Inhalten und Datenquellen kontextualisiert und voneinander abgegrenzt.
Ergebnis Um die notwendige Steuerungsrelevanz zu erlangen, muss die Präventionsberichterstattung neben der gesundheitlichen Lage und Interventionsmerkmalen auch erwünschte wie ggf. auch unerwünschte Strukturveränderungen im Public-Health-Aktionsfeld abbilden. Aufgrund ihrer Nähe zu den relevanten Lebenswelten scheint hier v. a. die kommunale Ebene bedeutsam. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit verdienen auch gesetzlich nicht intendierte Verschiebungen von Aufgaben aus der öffentlichen in die Sozialversicherungsfinanzierung. Ein v. a. als Evidenzberichterstattung missverstandenes Berichtswesen würde die Gefahr in sich tragen, dass die intendierte Stärkung von Lebensweltmaßnahmen misslingt und stattdessen vergleichsweise leicht zu evaluierende Downstream-Maßnahmen begünstigt werden.
Gesundheitsfördernde Angebote an Schulen in Stadt und Landkreis Würzburg
Authors: Klemmt Malte , Kretzschmann Christian , Neuderth Silke 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungZiel des Projekts war die Erfassung von Bestand und Bedarf hinsichtlich gesundheitsförderlicher Angebote für Schülerinnen und Schüler an allgemeinbildenden un d beruflichen Schulen in Stadt und Landkreis Würzburg (N=156), um auf dieser Basis Handlungsempfehlungen für die Region ableiten zu können. Zunächst wurde eine qualitative Dokumentenanalyse der Homepages aller Schulen mit Hilfe einer inhaltlich-strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse durchgeführt. Auf Grundlage der generierten Befunde erfolgte eine schriftliche Fragebogenerhebung. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass insbesondere die Bereiche Ernährung und Bewegung an den meisten Schulformen umfangreich bearbeitet werden. Angebote zu Stressmanagement und Entspannung oder Zeit- und Selbstmanagement sind schulformübergreifend noch ausbaubar. Zum Umgang mit (neuen und sozialen) Medien bestehen zwar - curricular bedingt - an vielen Schulformen Angebote; der Unterstützungsbedarf der Schulleitungen wird hier jedoch gleichzeitig sehr hoch bewertet. Weiterer Unterstützungsbedarf besteht v. a. hinsichtlich der Finanzierung von externen Experten/Referenten.
„Personenzentriert forschen, gestalten und versorgen“– 17. Deutscher Kongress für Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Härter Martin , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika 
Published: October 2018

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen, sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,Versorgungsforschung ist auch im Jahre 2018 „en vogue“, die dynamische Entwicklung hält durch die zahlreichen Fördermöglichkeiten der öffentlichen Träger weiter an. Das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft und spezifische Modellprogramme des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit, der Deutschen Krebshilfe, der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund sowie weiterer Träger und Stiftungen stellen jährlich substantielle Mittel zur Förderung relevanter versorgungswissenschaftlicher Projekte und Programme bereit. Mit einem beständigen Fördervolumen von 300 Millionen € bis 2019 investiert der Innovationsfonds des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses darüber hinaus in die besten und umsetzungsfähigsten Ideen für innovative Versorgungskonzepte und -forschung, eine Verstetigung des Innovationsfonds ist vorgesehen. Also alles besser denn je für die Versorgungsforschung? Ja, aber!
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is Associated with Elevated Periostin Levels
Authors: Chen Xinwei , Huo Lijing , Ren Luping , Li Yali , Sun Yanmei , Li Yang , Zhang Pu , Chen Shuchun , Song Guang-yao 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Purpose Periostin is a secreted extracellular matrix protein that is strongly associated with triglyceride metabolism, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Growing evidence suggests that there is a link between periostin and ovarian function. Our aim was to ascertain whether circulating periostin levels are altered in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to further explore the relationship between periostin and glucose metabolism disorder in PCOS patients.
Methods In total, 50 women with PCOS and 30 age-matched controls without PCOS were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Periostin levels were measured using ELISA as well.
Results Circulating periostin levels were significantly elevated in PCOS women compared with controls [4206.75(222.00, 4815.25) vs. 430.75(142. 13, 730.86) ng/ml, P=0. 005]. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that serum periostin levels had a positive correlation with body mass index (BMI), uric acid, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high-sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), and a negative correlation with insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Logistic regression models revealed that PCOS was correlated with waist to hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and periostin levels. In addition, multivariate linear regression analyses showed that FBG, HOMA-IR, and the lipid accumulation index (LAP) were independent factors influencing serum periostin levels.
Conclusion PCOS is associated with elevated levels of periostin.
Liposomal Bupivacaine Utilization in Total Knee Replacement Does Not Decrease Length of Hospital Stay
Authors: Schumer Grace , Mann John W. , Stover Matthew David , Sloboda John F. , Cdebaca Carol Sue , Woods Gina Moss 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLiposomal bupivacaine has reportedly been used as an adjunct for perioperative pain management in total knee replacement (TKR). The purpose of our single-blind, prospective study is to show that wound infiltration with long-acting liposomal bupivacaine during TKR will shorten length of stay (LOS) as compared with standard bupivacaine injection and spinal anesthetic with or without spinal narcotic. A total of 195 patients were randomized into three groups: wound infiltration with bupivacaine and a spinal with narcotic (Group 1, N = 65), wound infiltration with liposomal bupivacaine and a spinal without narcotic (Group 2, N = 67), and bupivacaine wound infiltration with a spinal without narcotic (Group 3, N = 64). The groups were then compared with look for any benefit in using the liposomal bupivacaine with regard to LOS, pain control, function, and complications. There was a trend toward a decreased LOS (days) in the liposomal bupivacaine (Group 2) with a mean LOS of 1.83 as compared with wound infiltration with bupivacaine with spinal narcotic LOS of 2.04 (Group 1) and without spinal narcotic LOS of 1.94 (Group 3). These results were not statistically significant (p = 0.37). Patient-reported pain scores were no different between the three groups. The daily narcotic usage (morphine equivalents) during the hospitalization was statistically highest in the liposomal bupivacaine group at 77.2 versus 55.0 in Group 1 and 68.1 in Group 3 (p = 0.025). Nausea or vomiting was most common in Group 1 at 42%, followed by 28% in Group 2 and 22% in Group 3. Pruritus was most common in the spinal narcotic group at 38% versus Group 2 at 14% and Group 3 at 11%.Liposomal bupivacaine showed a trend toward a decreased LOS, but this was not statistically significant. There was no difference in pain scores reported by these patients. In conclusion, we cannot justify the extra cost of liposomal bupivacaine as compared with plain bupivacaine as an adjunct for perioperative pain management in TKR patients.
A Prospective, Population-Based Study of Trends in Operative Vaginal Delivery Compared to Cesarean Delivery Rates in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2010–2016
Authors: Harrison Margo S. , Saleem Sarah , Ali Sumera , Pasha Omrana , Chomba Elwyn , Carlo Waldemar A. , Garces Ana L. , Krebs Nancy F. , Hambidge K. Michael , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Dhaded S. M. , Kodkany Bhala , Derman Richard J. , Patel Archana , Hibberd Patricia L. , Esamai Fabian , Liechty Edward A. , Tshefu Antoinette , Lokangaka Adrien , Bauserman Melissa , Bose Carl L. , Althabe Fernando , Belizan Jose M. , Buekens Pierre , Moore Janet L. , Wallace Dennis D. , Miodovnik Menachem , Koso-Thomas Marion , McClure Elizabeth M. , Goldenberg Robert L. 
Published: October 2018

Objective Few data are available on cesarean delivery and operative vaginal delivery trends in low- and middle-income countries. Our objective was to analyze a prospective population-based registry including eight sites in seven low- and middle-income countries to observe trends in operative vaginal delivery versus cesarean delivery rates over time, across sites.
Study Design A prospective population-based study, including home and facility births among women enrolled from 2010 to 2016, was performed in communities in Argentina, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Pakistan, and Zambia. Women were enrolled during pregnancy and delivery outcome data were collected.
Results We analyzed 354,287 women; 4,119 (1.2%) underwent an operative vaginal delivery and 45,032 (11.2%) delivered by cesarean. Across all sites with data for 7 years, rates of operative vaginal delivery decreased from 1.6 to 0.3%, while cesarean delivery increased from 6.4 to 14.4%. Similar trends were seen when individual country data were analyzed. Operative vaginal delivery rates decreased in both hospitals and clinics, except in the hospital setting at one of the Indian sites.
Conclusion In low- and middle-income countries, operative vaginal delivery is becoming less utilized while cesarean delivery is becoming an increasingly common mode of delivery.
Trust the Capitonnage in the Giant Cyst: Case Report
Authors: Oncel Murat , Yildiran Huseyin , Sunam Guven 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCyst hydatid in the lung is still a health problem for many countries. It develops in the lung and can grow into the lung parenchyma. When it is diagnosed as a giant cyst, surgery should be performed. In the surgery, capitonnage is necessary to protect the lung parenchyma.
The in silico human surfaceome
Authors: Bausch-Fluck Damaris , Goldmann Ulrich , Müller Sebastian , van Oostrum Marc , Müller Maik , Schubert Olga T. , Wollscheid Bernd 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Despite the fundamental importance of the surfaceome as a signaling gateway to the cellular microenvironment, it remains difficult to determine which proteoforms reside in the plasma membrane and how they interact to enable context-dependent signaling functions. We applied a machine-learning approach utilizing domain-specific features to develop the accurate surfaceome predictor SURFY and used it to define the human in silico surfaceome of 2,886 proteins. The in silico surfaceome is a public resource which can be used to filter multiomics data to uncover cellular phenotypes and surfaceome markers. By our domain-specific feature machine-learning approach, we show indirectly that the environment (extracellular, cytoplasm, or vesicle) is reflected in the biochemical properties of protein domains reaching into that environment.
Microfluidics in structured multimaterial fibers
Authors: Yuan Rodger , Lee Jaemyon , Su Hao-Wei , Levy Etgar , Khudiyev Tural , Voldman Joel , Fink Yoel 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The development of microfluidics, or the study of fluid behavior and manipulation at the microscale, has largely been catalyzed by microfabrication techniques based on a planar chip format. While immensely powerful, planar fabrication methods have inherent restrictions that prevent the realization of relatively simple channel structures, such as nonrectangular cross-sectional geometries and arbitrary cross-sectional materials placement. This study introduces a microfluidics fabrication method based on a fiber format that enables the construction of microchannels with highly tunable cross-sectional geometries and a broad range of materials. This approach allows for degrees of freedom in the design and function of microfluidic systems, thereby extending the reach of realizable microfluidic devices.
Haiti’s biodiversity threatened by nearly complete loss of primary forest
Authors: Hedges S. Blair , Cohen Warren B. , Timyan Joel , Yang Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The loss of forest from human activities is a global threat to biodiversity, continually diminishing populations of forest-dwelling species. However, species extinction usually is delayed until the last habitats disappear. Nonetheless, mass extinction may be imminent in a small number of tropical countries with low forest cover. Here, we find that Haiti has less than 1% of its original primary forest and is therefore among the most deforested countries in the world. Forty-two of the 50 highest and largest mountains have lost all primary forest. Our surveys of vertebrates on these mountaintops suggest that endemic species have been lost along with the loss of forest. This indicates that Haiti is already undergoing a mass extinction of its biodiversity because of deforestation.