bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A MYB transcription factor underlying plant height in sorghum qHT7.1 and maize Brachytic 1 loci
Authors: Mu Qi , Wei Jialu , Longest Hallie K. , Liu Hua , Char Si Nian , Hinrichsen Jacob T. , Tibbs‐Cortes Laura E. , Schoenbaum Gregory R. , Yang Bing , Li Xianran , Yu Jianming 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYManipulating plant height is an essential component of crop improvement. Plant height was generally reduced through breeding in wheat, rice, and sorghum to resist lodging and increase grain yield but kept high for bioenergy crops. Here, we positionally cloned a plant height quantitative trait locus (QTL) qHT7.1 as a MYB transcription factor controlling internode elongation, cell proliferation, and cell morphology in sorghum. A 740 bp transposable element insertion in the intronic region caused a partial mis‐splicing event, generating a novel transcript that included an additional exon and a premature stop codon, leading to short plant height. The dominant allele had an overall higher expression than the recessive allele across development and internode position, while both alleles' expressions peaked at 46 days after planting and progressively decreased from the top to lower internodes. The orthologue of qHT7.1 was identified to underlie the brachytic1 (br1) locus in maize. A large insertion in exon 3 and a 160 bp insertion at the promoter region were identified in the br1 mutant, while an 18 bp promoter insertion was found to be associated with reduced plant height in a natural recessive allele. CRISPR/Cas9–induced gene knockout of br1 in two maize inbred lines showed significant plant height reduction. These findings revealed functional connections across natural, mutant, and edited alleles of this MYB transcription factor in sorghum and maize. This enriched our understanding of plant height regulation and enhanced our toolbox for fine‐tuning plant height for crop improvement.
There are no extremal eutactic stars other than root systems
Authors: Wang Haowu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA eutactic star on an integral lattice is called extremal if it induces a holomorphic Jacobi form of lattice index and singular weight via the theta block. The famous Macdonald identities imply that root systems are extremal as eutactic stars. In this paper, we prove that every extremal eutactic star arises as a root system. This answers a question posed by Skoruppa.
Mechanical Behavior of Origami-Based Inflatable Bistable Foldable Panels
Authors: Zhao Liang Jie , Sun Bo Hua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Deployable structures are extensively used in engineering. A bistable panel structure, inspired by multistable origami, is proposed, capable of deployment and folding powered by air pressure. Prototypes were manufactured using planar laser etching technology based on geometric design. Mechanical behavior under out-of-plane compression, in-plane compression, and out-of-plane bending loads was analyzed through experiments. The foldable panel showed superior mechanical performance under out-of-plane compression, highlighting its potential as an ideal energy-absorbing material. In-plane compression and out-of-plane bending along the folding direction exhibited lower strength due to foldability, with failure modes involving rigidity loss from folding. The structure demonstrated good energy absorption characteristics during in-plane compression. As the angle of the unit increased during out-of-plane bending, mechanical performance improved, but the failure mode shifted to fracture. In in-plane compression and out-of-plane bending perpendicular to the folding direction, mechanical performance was enhanced, but the structure failed due to strength loss from fracture.
Mathematical Principle for Calculating Contacting Curve Length of Involute Helicon Gearing
Authors: Yu Yaoting , Zhao Yaping , Ma Jiayue , Hao Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The mathematical principle for calculating the contacting curve length of the involute Helicon gearing is put forward. The transient contacting curves within the conjugate zone are attained. The approximate analytical formula of the contacting curve length is derived. Based on that, the lengths of the contacting curves are computed by three methods, which are the approximate analytical formula, the numerical integration method, and calculating the distance between the beginning and the end of the contacting curve on the worm gear tooth surface. Besides, to demonstrate the rationality of the third method, two novel formulae for calculating the principal curvatures and directions of the surface are derived from the curvature parameters of two perpendicular directions to each other. These two novel formulae are used to calculate the principal curvatures and directions of the worm gear tooth surface, and evaluate the flatness of the tooth surface quantitatively. The results show that the contacting curve lengths calculated in this paper are generally between 2.7087 mm and 4.4858 mm; most of the contacting curve lengths do not vary much. The contacting curve length calculation principle proposed in this paper has high precision, and the maximum relative error between three methods is not more than −3.8838%. The worm gear tooth surfaces are relatively flat, the minimum of the principal curvature radii is 43.5494 mm, and the maximum is 3.3152 × 104 mm; most of the principal curvature radii are much larger than the contacting curve lengths.
A Review of Advanced Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing: System Modeling and Control
Authors: Martin Christopher , Zhao Qishen , Patel Anjali , Velasquez Enrique , Chen Dongmei , Li Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing is a highly efficient industrial method for continuously processing flexible webs through a series of rollers. With advancements in technology, R2R manufacturing has emerged as one of the most economical production methods for advanced products, such as flexible electronics, renewable energy devices, and 2D materials. However, the development of cost-effective and efficient manufacturing processes for these products presents new challenges, including higher precision requirements, the need for improved in-line quality control, and the integration of material processing dynamics into the traditional web handling system. This paper reviews the state of the art in advanced R2R manufacturing, focusing on modeling and control, and highlights research areas that need further development.
An Improved Envelope Method for Time-Dependent Mechanism Reliability
Authors: Zhang Junfu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The time-dependent kinematic reliability of a mechanism is the probability that the motion error of the mechanism is less than a prespecified error tolerance for a given period of time. For the time-dependent kinematic reliability analysis, the envelope method outperforms the sampling (Monte Carlo simulation) method because of its higher efficiency. This study further enhances the envelope method with improved accuracy. The improvement is achieved by keeping all the expansion points in the approximation of the limit-state function, some of which are discarded by the original envelope method to avoid numerical singularity. A new equivalent component reliability method is developed in this study so that the dimensions of the motion errors at all the expansion points are reduced to a degree that does not cause any numerical singularity. With the use of all the expansion points, the improved envelope method produces higher accuracy without increasing computational effort in calling the limit-state function. Three examples of four-bar linkage mechanisms demonstrate the better performance of the improved envelope method.
Deep learning-based normative database of anterior chamber dimensions for angle closure assessment: the Singapore Chinese Eye Study
Authors: Soh Zhi-Da , Tan Mingrui , Lee Zann , Yu Marco , Thakur Sahil , Lavanya Raghavan , Nongpiur Monisha Esther , Xu Xinxing , Koh Victor , Aung Tin , Liu Yong , Cheng Ching-Yu 
Published: November 2024

Background/ AimsThe lack of context for anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) measurements impedes its clinical utility. We established the normative distribution of anterior chamber depth (ACD), area (ACA) and width (ACW) and lens vault (LV), and applied percentile cut-offs to detect primary angle closure disease (PACD; ≥180° posterior trabecular meshwork occluded).MethodsWe included subjects from the Singapore Chinese Eye Study with ASOCT scans. Eyes with ocular surgery or laser procedures, and ocular trauma were excluded. A deep-learning algorithm was used to obtain Visante ASOCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, USA) measurements. Normative distribution was established using 80% of eyes with open angles. Multivariable logistic regression was performed on 80% open and 80% angle closure eyes. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using 20% open and 20% angle closure eyes.ResultsWe included 2157 eyes (1853 open angles; 304 angle closure) for analysis. ACD, ACA and ACW decreased with age and were smaller in females, and vice versa for LV (all p<0.022). ACD 20th percentile and LV 85th percentile had a balanced accuracy of 84.4% and 84.2% in detecting PACD, respectively. When combined, ACD 20th and LV 85th percentile had 88.68% sensitivity and 88.85% specificity in detecting PACD as compared with a multivariable regression model (ACA, angle opening distance, LV, iris area) with 88.33% sensitivity and 83.75% specificity.ConclusionAnterior chamber parameters varied with age and gender. The ACD 20th and LV 85th percentile values may be used in silos or in combination to detect PACD in the absence of more sophisticated classification algorithms.
Exploring the feasibility of a culturally tailored infant nutrition intervention: a qualitative study of perspectives from community facilitators and attendees in a pilot randomised controlled trial – Nurture Early for Optimal Nutrition (NEON) in East London
Authors: Manikam Logan , Patil Priyanka , Bello Ummi , Chakraborty Subarna , Fujita Sumire , Drazdzewska Joanna , Oyebode Oyinlola , Llewellyn Claire , Webbmartin Kelley , Irish Carol , Archibong Mfon , Gilmour Jenny , Kalungi Phoebe , Batura Neha , Conway Rana , Lakhanpaul Monica , Heys Michelle 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAppropriate and healthy feeding practices can enhance a child’s health, prevent obesity and reduce chronic metabolic disease risks. Given the ethnic variations in feeding practices and metabolic risk, interventions must be community specific. Culturally tailored grassroots interventions targeting infant feeding can induce behavioural changes, mitigating chronic metabolic disease risks in later life.The aim of this study was to explore participant feedback and inform intervention delivery methods within marginalised communities.MethodsA pilot three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in the Tower Hamlets and Newham boroughs of London, involving community participatory learning and action groups. The study recruited 186 South Asian (Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Sri Lankan) mothers or carers of children aged 0–2 years. Participants in intervention arms were invited to either face to face or online intervention arms, facilitated by trained multilingual community facilitators (CFs), offering culturally informed discussions on child nutrition and care practices. The qualitative study was embedded within this trial, collecting feedback through interviews and focus groups. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes, focusing on intervention fidelity and acceptance.ResultsOf the initial attendees, 42 (from the remaining 153 at the study’s conclusion) and 9 CFs offered feedback on the intervention’s delivery and suggestions for enhancing community-based interventions’ success. Key findings highlighted the need for a more flexible approach to boost participation and the significance of providing accessible, translated documents and resources. Participants expressed a strong preference for a hybrid model of intervention delivery, combining face-to-face and online sessions to accommodate diverse needs.ConclusionParenting interventions, particularly for new mothers, may engage more of the target population by adopting a hybrid design. This would provide attendees with the flexibility to select the delivery method, session timings and the option to participate at any stage of the intervention. The study underscores the importance of cultural tailoring and flexible delivery methods in enhancing participation and engagement in community-based health interventions.
Pharmacological activation of STAT1-GSDME pyroptotic circuitry reinforces epigenetic immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tu Yalin , Wu Haoran , Zhong Chengpeng , Liu Yan , Xiong Zhewen , Chen Siyun , Wang Jing , Wong Patrick Pak-Chun , Yang Weiqin , Liang Zhixian , Lu Jiahuan , Chen Shufen , Zhang Lingyun , Feng Yu , Si-Tou Willis Wai-Yiu , Yin Baoyi , Lin Yingnan , Liang Jianxin , Liang Liying , Vong Joaquim S L , Ren Weida , Kwong Tsz Tung , Leung Howard , To Ka Fai , Ma Stephanie , Tong Man , Sun Hanyong , Xia Qiang , Zhou Jingying , Kerr David , La Thangue Nick , Sung Joseph J Y , Chan Stephen Lam , Cheng Alfred Sze-Lok 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundGenomic screening uncovered interferon-gamma (IFNγ) pathway defects in tumours refractory to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, its non-mutational regulation and reversibility for therapeutic development remain less understood.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify ICB resistance-associated druggable histone deacetylases (HDACs) and develop a readily translatable combination approach for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).DesignWe correlated the prognostic outcomes of HCC patients from a pembrolizumab trial (NCT03419481) with tumourous cell expressions of all HDAC isoforms by single-cell RNA sequencing. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of selective HDAC inhibition in 4 ICB-resistant orthotopic and spontaneous models using immune profiling, single-cell multiomics and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and verified by genetic modulations and co-culture systems.ResultsHCC patients showing higherHDAC1/2/3expressions exhibited deficient IFNγ signalling and poorer survival on ICB therapy. Transient treatment of a selective class-I HDAC inhibitor CXD101 resensitised HDAC1/2/3hightumours to ICB therapies, resulting in CD8+T cell-dependent antitumour and memory T cell responses. Mechanistically, CXD101 synergised with ICB to stimulate STAT1-driven antitumour immunity through enhanced chromatin accessibility and H3K27 hyperacetylation of IFNγ-responsive genes. Intratumoural recruitment of IFNγ+GZMB+cytotoxic lymphocytes further promoted cleavage of CXD101-induced Gasdermin E (GSDME) to trigger pyroptosis in a STAT1-dependent manner. Notably, deletion of GSDME mimicked STAT1 knockout in abolishing the antitumour efficacy and survival benefit of CXD101-ICB combination therapy by thwarting both pyroptotic and IFNγ responses.ConclusionOur immunoepigenetic strategy harnesses IFNγ-mediated network to augment the cancer-immunity cycle, revealing a self-reinforcing STAT1-GSDME pyroptotic circuitry as the mechanistic basis for an ongoing phase-II trial to tackle ICB resistance (NCT05873244).
Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in southwestern Ontario
Authors: Chahal Inderjot , Peng Yajun , Hooker David C. , Van Eerd Laura L. 
Published: November 2024

Conservation tillage and crop rotation diversification have been promoted to increase soil C and N storage; however, the interactive effects of tillage and crop rotation on soil C and N dynamics remain contradictory. Using a long-term (24 years) experiment established at a clay loam site (Orthic Humic Gleysol) at Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada, the interactive effects of five crop rotations and two tillage systems were tested on soil organic C (SOC) and total N storage in soil depth increments and in the full soil profile (0–0.6 m) in 2019. While crop rotation influenced SOC and total N concentration in top 0.2 m, these effects were minimized when storage was expressed on an equivalent soil mass basis. Over the 0–0.6 m depth, no-tillage had 24 Mg SOC ha−1 and 4.7 Mg total N ha−1 greater content, respectively, than conventional tillage, supporting the value of no-tillage on increasing soil C and N in the long-term. Interestingly, no interactive effects of crop rotation and tillage on soil C and N storage in 0–0.6 m were observed. While the type of crop species and amount of C and N inputs under different crop rotations are important variables impacting the soil C and N storage, our results suggest that the crop rotation diversity was not a major driver of soil C and N in this study. Future mechanistic investigations exploring the persistence and linkage of soil C and N with crop rotation diversity in the tested production systems are needed.
Thermal chaos of quantum-corrected-AdS black hole in the extended phase space
Authors: You Lei , Wang Rui-Bo , Tang Yu-Cheng , Deng Jian-Bo , Hu Xian-Ru 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe briefly analyzed the equation of state and critical points of the quantum-corrected-AdS black hole and used the Melnikov method to study its thermal chaotic behavior in the extended phase space of flat, closed, and open universes. The results show that the black hole’s thermodynamic behavior is similar to that of the Van der Waals system. Although the critical ratios at the critical points in the three types of universes differ, they are all independent of the quantum correction parameter. Only an open universe can attain the critical ratio of $$\frac{3}{8}$$

3
8

corresponding to the Van der Waals system, while in the other two universes, the critical ratio is always greater than this value. For chaos, time perturbations will lead to chaotic behavior when their amplitude exceeds a critical value that depends on the quantum correction parameter and the radius of the dust sphere in the FRW model. Based on this, we found that the chaotic behavior of the black hole varies across different universes depending on the quantum correction parameter, but this parameter always makes chaos more likely. Using the value of the quantum correction parameter determined by Meissner, chaos is always more difficult to occur in an open universe compared to the other two types of universes. Which universe is most prone to chaos depends on the radius of the dust sphere. Finally, chaotic behavior is always present under spatial perturbations.
Local univalence versus stability and causality in hydrodynamic models
Authors: Heydari Roya , Taghinavaz Farid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOur primary goal is to compare the analytic properties of hydrodynamic series with the stability and causality conditions applied to hydrodynamic modes. Analyticity, in this context, serves as a necessary condition for hydrodynamic series to behave as a univalent function. Stability and causality adhere to physical constraints, ensuring that hydrodynamic modes neither exhibit exponential growth nor travel faster than the speed of light. Through an examination of various hydrodynamic models, such as the Müller–Israel–Stewart (MIS) and the first-order hydro models like the BDNK (Bemfica–Disconzi–Noronha–Kovtun) model, we observe no new restrictions stemming from the univalence limits in the shear channels. However, local univalence is maintained in the sound channel of these models despite the global divergence of the hydrodynamic series. Notably, differences in the sound equations between the MIS and BDNK models lead to distinct limits. The MIS model’s sound mode remains univalent at high momenta within a specific transport range. Conversely, in the BDNK model, the univalence of the sound mode extends to intermediate momenta across all stable and causal regions. Generally, the convergence radius is independent of univalence, and the given dispersion relation predominantly influences their correlation. For second-order frequency dispersions, the relationship is precise; i.e., within the convergence radius, the hydro series demonstrates univalence. However, with higher-order dispersions, the hydro series is locally univalent within certain transport regions, which may fall within or outside the stable and causal zones.
Influence of GUP corrected Casimir energy on zero tidal force wormholes in modified teleparallel gravity with matter coupling
Authors: Rizwan Mohammed Muzakkir , Hassan Zinnat , Sahoo P. K. , Övgün Ali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn recent times, the study of the Casimir effect in quantum field theory has garnered increasing attention because of its potential to be an ideal source of exotic matter needed for stabilizing traversable wormholes. It has been confirmed through experimental evidence that this phenomenon involves fluctuations in the vacuum field, leading to a negative energy density. Motivated by the above, we have investigated Casimir wormholes with corrections from the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) within the framework of matter-coupled teleparallel gravity. Our analysis includes three well-known GUP models: the Kempf, Mangano, and Mann (KMM) model, the Detournay, Gabriel, and Spindel (DGS) model, and a third model called Model II. For a broader analysis, we have considered two well-known model functions for the teleparallel theory: a linear $$f(T,\mathcal {T})=\alpha T+\beta \mathcal {T}$$

f
(
T
,
T
)
=
α
T
+
β
T

and a quadratic model $$f(T,\mathcal {T})=\eta T^2+\chi \mathcal {T}$$

f

(
T
,
T
)

=
η

T
2

+
χ
T

. The shape function solutions corresponding to both models are examined in the absence of tidal forces in spacetime. We also demonstrate the crucial role played by the parameters of the $$f(T,\mathcal {T})$$

f
(
T
,
T
)

models in the violation of the energy conditions. With the increasing interest in detecting gravitational waves from astrophysical objects, we have thoroughly discussed the perturbation of the wormhole solutions in the scalar, electromagnetic, axial gravitational, and Dirac field backgrounds. We employ the 3rd order WKB expansion to find the complex frequencies associated with the quasinormal modes of energy dissipation. Additionally, we also calculate the active mass and total gravitational energy for the wormhole geometry. The amount of exotic matter involved in sustaining these wormholes is also found in this paper. Furthermore, the physical stability of such Casimir wormholes is examined using the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation.