bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unemployment-entrepreneurship nexus: new evidence from 30 Iranian provinces
Authors: Cheratian Iman , Golpe Antonio , Goltabar Saleh , Iglesias Jesus 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
During recent years, the nexus between unemployment and entrepreneurship has been examined in depth in developed and industrialised economies but rarely in developing economies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate such a relation in the case of 30 Iranian provinces from 2005Q2 to 2017Q4. Using both the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing and vector error correction method (VECM) Granger causality approaches, the findings show that a unidirectional short-run causal relationship from entrepreneurship to unemployment and vice versa was observed in 13 and 10 per cent of provinces, respectively. The authors also find evidence for unidirectional long-run causality in 77 per cent of provinces from unemployment to entrepreneurship, as well as 10 per cent of provinces from entrepreneurship to unemployment. Finally, the results confirm that in long-run, the “prosperity-pull” effects are considerably stronger than the “recession-push” effects in Iranian provinces.

Design/methodology/approach
The main target of this paper is to investigate the unemployment-entrepreneurship in the case of 30 Iranian provinces from 2005Q2 to 2017Q4 by using ARDL bounds testing and VECM Granger causality approaches.

Findings
The results confirm that in long-run, the “prosperity-pull” effects are considerably stronger than the “recession-push” effects in Iranian provinces. This finding reveals that the unemployment rate can be regarded as a critical instrument for hindering entrepreneurial activity by increasing the risk of business bankruptcy and pulling entrepreneurs out of self-employment. All these results must be taken into account in the construction of useful economic policies for the Iranian labour market.

Originality/value
The economic literature reveals that most empirical studies of the nexus between unemployment and entrepreneurship examined developed and industrialised economies and the analysis of such a relation for developing countries has not been considered by researchers. Thus, to fill this gap, this paper extends the current empirical literature by presenting new empirical evidence for the case of Iran, which has a developing economy.
Challenges in transitioning from new public management to new public governance in a developing country context
Authors: Waheduzzaman Wahed 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the transitional status of new public management (NPM) into new public governance (NPG) in a developing country context. Some authors, based on their research in developed countries, have claimed that NPM is dead. However, such claims have apparently ignored the transformational status of NPM in developing countries. This paper addresses that gap.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative method was used in this research. Public officials, elected representatives and local users who were responsible for public service management at local levels in Bangladesh were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires tailored to each group. The interview texts were then organised and analysed using NVivo software.FindingsThis research reveals that four public management elements comprising decentralisation, market-based services, efficiency and accountability, which are prerequisites for creating an appropriate environment for NPG, have not been established successfully in Bangladesh. This finding suggests that NPG may not be achieved without effective implementation of these elements through NPM practices. The study concludes that NPM needs to be practiced for more time in Bangladesh for the effective transformation of public management into public governance.Research limitations/implicationsFindings from this research will help public policy makers and researchers to identify barriers to and design the pathway for a smooth shift from NPM to NPG.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research would help the Government of Bangladesh and international aid agencies to better understand the status of NPM and NPG in regional Bangladesh.Social implicationsThe research findings may help identify barriers to enhancing participatory activities in a developing society.Originality/valueThough NPM is an obsolete theory for developed countries, it needs to be implemented successfully in developing countries prior to the implementation of NPG.
Neuroscience in service research: an overview and discussion of its possibilities
Authors: Verhulst Nanouk , De Keyser Arne , Gustafsson Anders , Shams Poja , Van Vaerenbergh Yves 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss recent developments in neuroscientific methods and demonstrate its potential for the service field. This work is a call to action for more service researchers to adopt promising and increasingly accessible neuro-tools that allow the service field to benefit from neuroscience theories and insights.Design/methodology/approachThe paper synthesizes key literature from a variety of domains (e.g. neuroscience, consumer neuroscience and organizational neuroscience) to provide an in-depth background to start applying neuro-tools. Specifically, this paper outlines the most important neuro-tools today and discusses their theoretical and empirical value.FindingsTo date, the use of neuro-tools in the service field is limited. This is surprising given the great potential they hold to advance service research. To stimulate the use of neuro-tools in the service area, the authors provide a roadmap to enable neuroscientific service studies and conclude with a discussion on promising areas (e.g. service experience and servicescape) ripe for neuroscientific input.Originality/valueThe paper offers service researchers a starting point to understand the potential benefits of adopting the neuroscientific method and shows their complementarity with traditional service research methods like surveys, experiments and qualitative research. In addition, this paper may also help reviewers and editors to better assess the quality of neuro-studies in service.
Community-based ecotourism for preventing overtourism and tourismophobia
Authors: Ait-Yahia Ghidouche Kamila , Ghidouche Faouzi 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the local community tourism as a solution to address overtourism and tourismophobia in unpopular and vulnerable tourist areas (rural places, wetlands, protected areas, historic sites and isolated places).

Design/methodology/approach
Interviews were conducted with presidents and active members of associations that have committed to develop community-based ecotourism (CBET) in Algeria (in the desert, mountains and central rural highlands).

Findings
The results show that the interviewees have definitely adopted a participatory approach and included locals in their CBET and ecotourism projects. Unfortunately, it seems that Algerian tourists and tourism stakeholders have low ecological awareness. Therefore, a comprehensive approach should be put in place for the benefit of local residents to minimise tourismophobia and anti-tourism movement in these vulnerable areas.

Originality/value
Theoretically, this paper aims to fill the gap in the literature on overtourism in rural areas and vulnerable places. At the management level, contributions should help tourism stakeholders to understand the need to adopt regulations and standards to facilitate and secure alternative tourism forms such as CBET to prevent overtourism and tourismophobia risks.
Fighting overtourism in Lanzarote (Spain)
Authors: Carballo Rita R. , León Carmelo J. , Carballo María M. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeLanzarote, Spain, as a tourism destination, suffered a rapid tourist expansion for many years, and this has endangered its sustainability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the case of overtourism and its consequences for the local population and the environment, and to identify ways to mitigate this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a case study approach. Data obtained from tourists visiting the destination were used to examine three key aspects of tourism development, namely, the arrival of tourists to the island, the accommodation offer and the growth of the population. Social awareness with environmental values and protection of the island’s natural resources were the main engine to establish measures to mitigate overtourism.FindingsThe analysis shows rapid growth in the arrival of tourists to the island and how it affected the accommodation offer and the population. It explores the solution that the authorities of the island took to solve the problem of disorganized growth of tourism and makes reference to the importance of managing the image of a destination to contribute to tourism sustainability.Originality/valueThis research proposes practical solutions to tackle overtourism at a destination which has been used by the United Nations as an example to establish sustainable tourism development guidelines. It proposes a unique mitigation strategy which is derived from the use of natural recreation.
Long‐term dynamics of shrub facilitation shape the mixing of evergreen and deciduous oaks in Mediterranean abandoned fields
Authors: Cruz‐Alonso Verónica , Villar‐Salvador Pedro , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Ibáñez Inés , Rey‐Benayas José M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Recovery of Mediterranean forests after field abandonment is a slow process, even without propagule limitations. This is mainly due to stressful conditions for seedling establishment. In this context, shrubs play a critical role in facilitating tree recruitment, but how this process unfolds after field abandonment is not entirely known. We evaluated the long‐term dynamics of facilitation by the nurse shrub Retama sphaerocarpa in the recruitment of two ecologically contrasting oaks, the evergreen Quercus ilex and the deciduous Quercus faginea.

Thirty years after field abandonment, we dated shrubs and oaks established in an old field to estimate the annual recruitment rates and investigate temporal recruitment patterns. For oaks, we differentiated recruitment at two microsites: open areas or under shrub. To assess how nurse shrubs modulated environmental stressors, we modelled oak recruitment as a function of climatic variables. For the evergreen oak, we assessed these effects within each microsite. Finally, we estimated the annual interaction index between shrubs and evergreen oak juveniles as a function of climatic conditions.

Each species showed different recruitment pulses during colonization. Recruitment rate was the highest for the shrub, followed by the evergreen oak. Oak colonization under shrubs was appreciable 20 years after field abandonment, when shrub cover reached 2.2%, and concentrated under medium and large shrubs older than 7 years. Shrubs not only accelerated evergreen oak colonization but also attenuated the fluctuations of recruitment pulses. For the evergreen oak, the interaction index indicated facilitation dominance in years with more arid summers (precipitation < 47 mm and heat waves longer than 8 days) and competition in wetter summers.

Synthesis. Oak colonization in Mediterranean abandoned fields progressed slowly, and only two decades after abandonment pioneer shrub population grew to a level in size and number that could effectively trigger facilitation and accelerate tree recruitment. The shrub nurse effect was unbalanced between oak species, only benefiting the evergreen oak, and it was more prevalent in arid years. Our study illustrates the build‐up of shrub facilitation during forest recolonization and the varying nature of this process among climatically different years and ecologically distinct species. This information provides insights for assessing and managing Mediterranean forest recovery.
Potential roles of Citrulline and watermelon extract on metabolic and inflammatory variables in diabetes mellitus, current evidence and future directions: A systematic review
Authors: Azizi Samaneh , Mahdavi Reza , Vaghef‐Mehrabany Elnaz , Maleki Vahid , Karamzad Nahid , Ebrahimi‐Mameghani Mehrangiz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveDiabetes mellitus is a prevalent endocrine disorder worldwide. Citrulline is an α‐amino acid, which is abundant in watermelon, and a precursor of arginine and nitric oxide. Decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide is associated with insulin resistance. The present systematic review focused on the existing evidence of citrulline and watermelon extract effects on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in diabetes mellitus.MethodsA systematic search of the databases PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest and Google Scholar was conducted for relevant papers published from inception until October 2018. All clinical trials, animal and in vitro studies published in the English language that assessed the role of citrulline and watermelon extract on diabetes mellitus, were eligible. Studies providing inadequate information were excluded.ResultsOut of 1262 articles we found, only eight articles met the inclusion criteria for analysis. In three studies an increase in the synthesis of nitric oxide was reported with citrulline and watermelon extract supplementation. Four studies showed a significant reduction in blood glucose after supplementation with watermelon extract, and two studies reported a decrease in a number of inflammatory biomarkers following citrulline supplementation. Although citrulline intake caused a significant reduction in HOMA‐IR in one study, inconsistent results were revealed on the effects of citrulline and watermelon extract on insulin levels and lipid profile.ConclusionCitrulline and watermelon extract could improve nitric oxide synthesis, glycaemic status and inflammation in diabetes mellitus. However, further studies are required to shed light on the underlying mechanisms.
Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review
Authors: Jahangeer Muhammad , Mahmood Zahed , Munir Naveed , Waraich Umm‐e‐Amara , Tahir Imtiaz Mahmood , Akram Muhammad , Ali Shah Syed Muhammad , Zulfqar Ayesha , Zainab Rida 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNaegleria fowleri, a thermophilic flagellate amoeba known as a “brain‐eating” amoeba, is the aetiological agent of a perilous and devastating waterborne disease known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), both in humans as well as in animals. PAM is a rare but fatal disease affecting young adults all around the world, particularly in the developed world but recently reported from developing countries, with 95%–99% mortality rate. Swimmers and divers are at high risk of PAM as the warm water is the most propitious environment adapted by N. fowleri to cause this infection. Infective amoeba in the trophozoite phase enter the victim's body through the nose, crossing the cribriform plate to reach the human brain and cause severe destruction of the central nervous system (CNS). The brain damage leads to brain haemorrhage and death occurs within 3–7 days in undiagnosed cases and maltreated cases. Though the exact pathogenesis of N. fowleri is still not known, it has exhibited two primary mechanisms, contact‐independent (brain damage through different proteins) and contact‐dependent (brain damage through surface structures food cups), that predominantly contribute to the pathogen invading the host CNS. For the management of this life‐threatening infection different treatment regimens have been applied but still the survival rate is only 5% which is ascribed to its misdiagnosis, as the PAM symptoms closely resembled bacterial meningitis. The main objectives of this review article are to compile data to explore the sources and routes of N. fowleri infection, its association in causing PAM along with its pathophysiology; latest techniques used for accurate diagnosis, management options along with challenges for Pakistan to control this drastic disorder.
Nonthermal Plasma–Liquid Interactions in Food Processing: A Review
Authors: Perinban Sellam , Orsat Valérie , Raghavan Vijaya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNonthermal processing methods are often preferred over conventional food processing methods to ensure nutritional quality. Nonthermal plasma (NTP) is a new field of nonthermal processing technology and seeing increased interest for application in food preservation. In food applications of NTP, liquid interactions are the most prevalent. The NTP reactivity and product storability are altered during this interaction. The water activated by NTP (plasma‐activated water [PAW]) has gained considerable attention during recent years as a potential disinfectant in fruits and vegetable washing. However, detailed understanding of the interactions of NTP reactive species with food nutritional components in the presence of water and their stability in food is required to be explored to establish the potential of this emerging technology. Hence, the main objective of this review is to give a complete overview of existing NTP–liquid interactions. Further, their microbial inactivation mechanisms and the effects on food quality are discussed in detail. Most of the research findings have suggested the successful application of NTP and PAW for microbial inactivation and food preservation. Still, there are some research gaps identified and a complete analysis of the stability of plasma reactive species in food is still missing. By addressing these issues, along with the available research output in this field, it is possible that NTP can be successfully used as a food decontamination method in the near future.
The exploitation of marine resources at Saruq al‐Hadid: Insights into the movement of people and resources in Bronze and Iron Age south‐eastern Arabia
Authors: Roberts James , Weeks Lloyd , Fillios Melanie , Cable Charlotte , Carter Melissa , al Aali Yaaqoub Youssef , Radwan Mansour Boraik , Zein Hassan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMarine resources were an integral and consistent component of subsistence strategies employed in south‐eastern Arabia throughout late prehistory. Of particular interest is the movement of these resources from the coast to interior sites and the implications of this movement for transhumance and trade in the region during this period. Marine species were frequently identified in the faunal assemblage from the inland site of Saruq al‐Hadid, dating from the Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (c.2000–c.800 BCE). This included marine fish species, along with two cormorant species (Phalacrocorax sp.) and several fragments of dugong (Dugong dugon). Twenty‐seven families of marine shell were also identified in the remains recovered from the site. The presence of these remains at this inland site demonstrates that resources were frequently moved from the coast to the interior throughout Saruq al‐Hadid’s occupation, indicative of their enduring significance in subsistence strategies employed at the site. This paper presents the results of zooarchaeological analysis of these remains and discusses the significance of their presence at Saruq al‐Hadid, with reference to subsistence, craft production and intra‐regional exchange during the Bronze and Iron Ages.
A candidate‐SNP retrospective cohort study for fracture risk in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Tozaki T. , Kusano K. , Ishikawa Y. , Kushiro A. , Nomura M. , Kikuchi M. , Kakoi H. , Hirota K. , Miyake T. , Hill E. W. , Nagata S. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryFractures are medical conditions that compromise the athletic potential of horses and/or the safety of jockeys. Therefore, the reduction of fracture risk is an important horse and human welfare issue. The present study used molecular genetic approaches to determine the effect of genetic risk for fracture at four candidate SNPs spanning the myostatin (MSTN) gene on horse chromosome 18. Among the 3706 Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses, 1089 (29.4%) had experienced fractures in their athletic life, indicating the common occurrence of this injury in Thoroughbreds. In the case/control association study, fractures of the carpus (carpal bones and distal radius) were statistically associated with g.65809482T/C (P = 1.17 x 10‐8), g.65868604G/T (P = 2.66 x 10‐9), and g.66493737C/T (P = 6.41 x 10‐8). In the retrospective cohort study using 1710 racehorses born in 2000, the relative risk (RR) was highest for male horses at g.65868604G/T, based on the dominant allele risk model (RR = 2.251, 95% confidence interval 1.407–3.604, P = 0.00041), and for female horses at g.65868604G/T, based on the recessive allele risk model (RR = 2.313, 95% confidence interval 1.380–3.877, P = 0.00163). Considering the association of these SNPs with racing performance traits such as speed, these genotypes may affect the occurrence of carpus fractures in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses as a consequence of the non‐genetic influence of the genotype on the distance and/or intensity of racing and training. The genetic information presented here may contribute to the development of strategic training programs and racing plans for racehorses that improve their health and welfare.
Outcomes of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adolescent and young adult Korean patients
Authors: Kim Young Ae , Ju Hee Young , Park Hyeon Jin , Lee Na Young , Lee Hyun Jeong , Lee Hyewon , Ghang Haryeom 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study used Korean national data to investigate the relationship between treatment patterns and outcomes in Korean adolescent and young‐adult (AYA) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients. Chemotherapy incorporating L‐asparaginase was considered paediatric‐inspired (PI), as opposed to adult protocols. In total, 65·3% of patients received PI therapy. Five‐year overall survival (OS) of PI‐treated patients outperformed adult protocols (63·1% vs. 40·4%; P < 0·0001); this trend was maintained within various age subgroups. Younger age, L‐asparaginase therapy, and radiotherapy corresponded with superior OS by multivariable analysis. OS tends to improve with PI protocols that include L‐asparaginase in AYA ALL, suggesting that therapy protocol is critical in the treatment performance of this group.