bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional Reconnection Outflows in an Active Region
Authors: Ruan Guiping , Schmieder Brigitte , Masson Sophie , Mein Pierre , Mein Nicole , Aulanier Guillaume , Chen Yao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We report on bidirectional coronal reconnection outflows reaching ±200 km s−1 as observed in an active region with the Si iv and C ii spectra of the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). The evolution of the active region with an emerging flux, a failed filament eruption, and a jet is followed in Solar Dynamical Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) filters from 304 to 94 Å, IRIS slit jaw images, and SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager movies. The bidirectional outflow reconnection is located at a bright point visible in multiwavelength AIA filters above an arch filament system. This suggests that the reconnection occurs between rising loops above the emergence of magnetic bipoles and the longer, twisted magnetic field lines remnant of the failed filament eruption one hour before. The reconnection occurs continuously in the corona between quasi-parallel magnetic field lines, which is possible in a 3D configuration. The reconnection also triggers a jet with transverse velocities around 60 km s−1. Blueshifts and redshifts along its axis confirm the existence of a twist along the jet, which could have been transferred from the filament flux rope. The jet finally blows up the material of the filament before coming back during the second phase. In the Hα Dopplergrams provided by the MSDP spectrograph, we see more redshift than blueshift, indicating the return of the jet and filament plasma.
The Acceleration of Energetic Particles at Coronal Shocks and Emergence of a Double Power-law Feature in Particle Energy Spectra
Authors: Kong Xiangliang , Guo Fan , Chen Yao , Giacalone Joe 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present numerical modeling of particle acceleration at coronal shocks propagating through a streamer-like magnetic field by solving the Parker transport equation with spatial diffusion both along and across the magnetic field. We show that the location on the shock where the high-energy particle intensity is the largest, depends on the energy of the particles and on time. The acceleration of particles to more than 100 MeV mainly occurs in the shock-streamer interaction region, due to perpendicular shock geometry and the trapping effect of closed magnetic fields. A comparison of the particle spectra to that in a radial magnetic field shows that the intensity at 100 MeV (200 MeV) is enhanced by more than one order (two orders) of magnitude. This indicates that the streamer-like magnetic field can be an important factor in producing large solar energetic particle events. We also show that the energy spectrum integrated over the simulation domain consists of two different power laws. Further analysis suggests that it may be a mixture of two distinct populations accelerated in the streamer and open field regions, where the acceleration rate differs substantially. Our calculations also show that the particle spectra are affected considerably by a number of parameters, such as the streamer tilt angle, particle spatial diffusion coefficient, and shock compression ratio. While the low-energy spectra agree well with standard diffusive shock acceleration theory, the break energy ranges from ∼1 MeV to ∼90 MeV and the high-energy spectra can extend to ∼1 GeV with a slope of ∼2–3.
Short GRB 160821B: A Reverse Shock, a Refreshed Shock, and a Well-sampled Kilonova
Authors: Lamb G. P. , Tanvir N. R. , Levan A. J. , Postigo A. de Ugarte , Kawaguchi K. , Corsi A. , Evans P. A. , Gompertz B. , Malesani D. B. , Page K. L. , Wiersema K. , Rosswog S. , Shibata M. , Tanaka M. , Horst A. J. van der , Cano Z. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Fruchter A. S. , Greiner J. , Heintz K. E. , Higgins A. , Hjorth J. , Izzo L. , Jakobsson P. , Kann D. A. , O’Brien P. T. , Perley D. A. , Pian E. , Pugliese G. , Starling R. L. C. , Thöne C. C. , Watson D. , Wijers R. A. M. J. , Xu D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We report our identification of the optical afterglow and host galaxy of the short-duration gamma-ray burst sGRB 160821B. The spectroscopic redshift of the host is z = 0.162, making it one of the lowest redshift short-duration gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) identified by Swift. Our intensive follow-up campaign using a range of ground-based facilities as well as Hubble Space Telescope, XMM-Newton, and Swift, shows evidence for a late-time excess of optical and near-infrared emission in addition to a complex afterglow. The afterglow light curve at X-ray frequencies reveals a narrow jet,

deg, that is refreshed at >1 day post-burst by a slower outflow with significantly more energy than the initial outflow that produced the main GRB. Observations of the 5 GHz radio afterglow shows a reverse shock into a mildly magnetized shell. The optical and near-infrared excess is fainter than AT2017gfo associated with GW170817, and is well explained by a kilonova with dynamic ejecta mass M
dyn = (1.0 ± 0.6) × 10−3
M
⊙ and a secular (post-merger) ejecta mass with M
pm = (1.0 ± 0.6) × 10−2
M
⊙, consistent with a binary neutron star merger resulting in a short-lived massive neutron star. This optical and near-infrared data set provides the best-sampled kilonova light curve without a gravitational wave trigger to date.
A Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Transiting the Late-type M Dwarf LP 791-18
Authors: Crossfield Ian J. M. , Waalkes William , Newton Elisabeth R. , Narita Norio , Muirhead Philip , Ment Kristo , Matthews Elisabeth , Kraus Adam , Kostov Veselin , Kosiarek Molly R. , Kane Stephen R. , Isaacson Howard , Halverson Sam , Gonzales Erica , Everett Mark , Dragomir Diana , Collins Karen A. , Chontos Ashley , Berardo David , Winters Jennifer G. , Winn Joshua N. , Scott Nicholas J. , Rojas-Ayala Barbara , Rizzuto Aaron C. , Petigura Erik A. , Peterson Merrin , Mocnik Teo , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Mehrle Nicholas , Matson Rachel , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Irwin Jonathan , Huber Daniel , Huang Chelsea , Howell Steve , Howard Andrew W. , Hirano Teruyuki , Fulton Benjamin J. , Dupuy Trent , Dressing Courtney D. , Dalba Paul A. , Charbonneau David , Burt Jennifer , Berta-Thompson Zachory , Benneke Björn , Watanabe Noriharu , Twicken Joseph D. , Tamura Motohide , Schlieder Joshua , Seager S. , Rose Mark E. , Ricker George , Quintana Elisa , Lépine Sébastien , Latham David W. , Kotani Takayuki , Jenkins Jon M. , Hori Yasunori , Colon Knicole , Caldwell Douglas A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Planets occur most frequently around cool dwarfs, but only a handful of specific examples are known to orbit the latest-type M stars. Using TESS photometry, we report the discovery of two planets transiting the low-mass star called LP 791-18 (identified by TESS as TOI 736). This star has spectral type M6V, effective temperature 2960 K, and radius 0.17 R
⊙, making it the third-coolest star known to host planets. The two planets straddle the radius gap seen for smaller exoplanets; they include a 1.1R
⊕ planet on a 0.95 day orbit and a 2.3R
⊕ planet on a 5 day orbit. Because the host star is small the decrease in light during these planets’ transits is fairly large (0.4% and 1.7%). This has allowed us to detect both planets’ transits from ground-based photometry, refining their radii and orbital ephemerides. In the future, radial velocity observations and transmission spectroscopy can both probe these planets’ bulk interior and atmospheric compositions, and additional photometric monitoring would be sensitive to even smaller transiting planets.
Forêts et sociétés
Authors: Marty Pascal 
Published: September 2019

Si la géographie des forêts tient une large place dans le champ de la géographie de la végétation, la question de la forêt privée reste, paradoxalement, assez peu étudiée. L’espace forestier français occupe environ 26 % du territoire et se compose de près de 70 % de forêts privées. La question des dynamiques spatiales en forêt privée ne peut donc pas être déconnectée du mode d’appropriation de l’espace. La connaissance du rôle des modes d’appropriation dans les dynamiques de la végétation et les modifications de l’espace forestier a un intérêt tant sur le plan fondamental (production de l’espace) que sur le plan appliqué (gestion de la forêt privée).

L’objectif de cet ouvrage est de proposer, autour des notions de production de l’espace et d’appropriation, une interprétation des dynamiques de la végétation en forêt qui prenne en compte le versant naturel et le versant social de la forêt privée.
Politique de l’État et développement urbain au Mexique
Authors: Musset Alain 
Published: September 2019

Pour faire face à la croissance de l’urbanisation et aux besoins accrus des citadins, le gouvernement mexicain tente de mettre en place une politique d’encadrement et de soutien des villes intermédiaires, considérées comme une alternative à la prédominance de Mexico, Guadalajara et Monterrey. Mais dans un contexte économique néolibéral peu favorable aux grandes politiques d’aménagement du territoire, la marge de manœuvre de l’État semble particulièrement réduite et les actions engagées, malgré d’incontestables réussites, peuvent paraître marginales. L’exemple de Toluca, capitale de l’État de Mexico, permet de mieux comprendre les enjeux, les avancées et les limites du Programme des Cent Villes lancé en 1993 pour revitaliser des centres urbains qui regroupent aujourd’hui plus de 30 millions d’habitants.
Les glaciers disparus de l’Apennin
Authors: Jaurand Emmanuel 
Published: September 2019

À moins de 100 km de Rome, il existe un minuscule glacier qui constitue l’unique relique d’un englacement passé beaucoup plus étendu. Au cours de campagnes de terrain menées d’un bout à l’autre de la péninsule italienne, l’auteur a recherché sur le terrain les traces du passage de ces glaciers disparus. L’étude et la cartographie des formes d’origine glaciaire ont servi à la reconstitution des limites des anciens glaciers. Au-delà, la confrontation avec les travaux des palynologues, paléoclimatologues, géologues et préhistoriens a permis à l’auteur d’établir un scénario cohérent des glaciations et phases de disparition des glaciers de l'Apennin. L'ouvrage propose pour la première fois une vision d’ensemble épurée de l’englacement passé de l’Apennin, qui est comparé à celui d’autres montagnes européennes. Accompagné de nombreuses photographies en couleurs et illustrations, clairement écrit et solidement argumenté, l’ouvrage constitue une contribution importante aux recherches de géographie physique sur les milieux méditerranéens et montagnards.
Agriculture dépendante et agriculture durable
Authors: Pierre Geneviève 
Published: September 2019

Les plateaux du sud-est du Bassin parisien représentent un espace agro-exportateur en grande culture dont la dépendance par rapport à des conditions économiques, politiques et administratives extérieures est devenue beaucoup plus visible depuis que la Politique agricole commune (PAC) de 1992 a introduit le paiement direct par hectare de céréales, oléagineux et protéagineux. Dans cet espace où les rendements en grande culture sont limités, où les possibilités de diversification culturale sont rares et où la densité de main-d’œuvre est très faible, les exploitants ont mené de longue date une stratégie d’agrandissement des exploitations et des parcelles de culture, de simplification des systèmes de production. Ce schéma quasi unique de développement est devenu particulièrement rigide et difficile à modifier. Ici, la dépendance est triple : économique (marchés mondiaux des matières premières agricoles reposant sur trois productions seulement), politique ou administrative (PAC) et la dépendance par rapport à un système de production peu réversible. Quelle est la viabilité à long terme de ce système de production éloigné des exigences actuelles exprimées dans la Loi d’orientation agricole française de 1999, dans l’Agenda 2000 et dans l’accord de Luxembourg de 2003 : multifonctionnalité de l’agriculture, intégration du développement rural et agricole dans des logiques convergentes et durables ? Cependant, sur cet espace où l’agriculture raisonnée s’est épanouie, des tentatives existent pour créer une agriculture davantage territorialisée, à plus forte valeur ajoutée locale, labellisée, ce qui permettrait à la fois de réduire la dépendance extérieure, mais également de mieux articuler les logiques du développement agricole et celles du développement rural local.
Déviance scolaire et contrôle social
Authors: Andréo Christophe 
Published: September 2019

Comment, dans un contexte marqué par la volonté politique de démocratiser les études, le Lycée Professionnel gère-t-il les élèves qu’il accueille ? Comment ces jeunes vivent-ils, dans leur diversité, leur scolarisation en Lycée Professionnel ?À partir d’une enquête par observation participante menée dans un lycée marseillais, l’auteur propose une étude en profondeur de la vie dans un établissement ordinaire dont il nous livre d’importantes clés de compréhension : le problème du respect de l’ordre scolaire et la délégation de la tâche de filtrer et de contrôler les perturbateurs à de jeunes précaires interchangeables ; les intérêts divergents qui opposent jeunes et adultes chargés de les instruire et de les encadrer ; la manière dont les différences - d’âge, de filière d’étude, de sexe - entre jeunes produisent des comportements contrastés.Cette recherche restitue une expérience sociale et sociologique vivante et originale, vécue par le chercheur, qui repose sur l’analyse des interactions et des situations qu’il a pu observer. Portant un regard neuf sur la déviance et l’ordre scolaire, ce livre met ainsi en évidence les importants compromis que l’institution scolaire concède pour satisfaire les apparences de sa mission dans un contexte de transformation des publics de l’enseignement professionnel.
« Éloigner les Barabbas »
Authors: Durand Antonin 
Published: September 2019

Dans la période de répression qui suit les révolutions de 1848, le royaume de Piémont-Sardaigne apparaît comme un refuge pour les proscrits des autres États italiens. Il existe cependant une règle tacite selon laquelle les réfugiés se doivent de renoncer à toute activité politique pour être tolérés. La révolte mazzinienne qui éclate à Milan le 6 février 1853, avec la participation active de réfugiés en Piémont qui ont traversé la frontière, met à mal ce fragile équilibre : le gouvernement se trouve contraint de donner des gages à ses voisins lombards en expulsant massivement les réfugiés suspects. L’objet de l’article est de comprendre les modalités de cette répression en interrogeant les mécaniques de sélection des réfugiés expulsés, les modalités de la négociation de leur destination, les conditions pratiques de leur expulsion et les voies de recours dont ils disposent pour la contester.
Embattled Freedom
Authors: Taylor Amy Murrell 
Published: September 2019

The Civil War was just days old when the first enslaved men, women, and children began fleeing their plantations to seek refuge inside the lines of the Union army as it moved deep into the heart of the Confederacy. In the years that followed, hundreds of thousands more followed in a mass exodus from slavery that would destroy the system once and for all. Drawing on an extraordinary survey of slave refugee camps throughout the country, Embattled Freedom reveals as never before the everyday experiences of these refugees from slavery as they made their way through the vast landscape of army-supervised camps that emerged during the war. The book vividly reconstructs the human world of wartime emancipation, taking readers inside military-issued tents and makeshift towns, through commissary warehouses and active combat, and into the realities of individuals and families struggling to survive physically as well as spiritually. Narrating their journeys in and out of the confines of the camps, Embattled Freedom shows in often gripping detail how the most basic necessities of life were elemental to a former slave's quest for freedom and full citizenship.The stories of individuals--storekeepers, a laundress, and a minister among them--anchor this ambitious and wide-ranging history and demonstrate with new clarity how contingent the slaves' pursuit of freedom was on the rhythms and culture of military life. The book brings new insight into the enormous risks taken by formerly enslaved people to find freedom in the midst of the nation’s most destructive war.
The Occupation of Havana
Authors: Schneider Elena A. 
Published: September 2019

In 1762, British forces mobilized more than 230 ships and 26,000 soldiers, sailors, and enslaved Africans to attack Havana, one of the wealthiest and most populous ports in the Americas. They met fierce resistance. Spanish soldiers and local militias in Cuba, along with enslaved Africans who were promised freedom, held off the enemy for six suspenseful weeks. In the end, the British prevailed, but more lives were lost in the invasion and subsequent eleven-month British occupation of Havana than during the entire Seven Years’ War in North America. The Occupation of Havana offers a nuanced and poignantly human account of the British capture and Spanish recovery of this coveted Caribbean city. The book explores both the interconnected histories of the British and Spanish empires and the crucial role played by free people of color and the enslaved in the creation and defense of Havana. Tragically, these men and women would watch their promise of freedom and greater rights vanish in the face of massive slave importation and increased sugar production upon Cuba's return to Spanish rule. By linking imperial negotiations with events in Cuba and their consequences, Elena Schneider sheds new light on the relationship between slavery and empire at the dawn of the Age of Revolutions.
Prieto
Authors: Lovejoy Henry B. 
Published: September 2019

This Atlantic world history centers on the life of Juan Nepomuceno Prieto (c. 1773–c. 1835), a member of the West African Yorùbá people enslaved and taken to Havana during the era of the Atlantic slave trade. Richly situating Prieto’s story within the context of colonial Cuba, Henry B. Lovejoy illuminates the vast process by which thousands of Yorùbá speakers were forced into life-and-death struggles in a strange land. In Havana, Prieto and most of the people of the Yorùbá diaspora were identified by the colonial authorities as Lucumí. Prieto’s evolving identity becomes the fascinating fulcrum of the book. Drafted as an enslaved soldier for Spain, Prieto achieved self-manumission while still in the military. Rising steadily in his dangerous new world, he became the religious leader of Havana’s most famous Lucumí cabildo, where he contributed to the development of the Afro-Cuban religion of Santería. Then he was arrested on suspicion of fomenting slave rebellion. Trial testimony shows that he fell ill, but his ultimate fate is unknown. Despite the silences and contradictions that will never be fully resolved, Prieto’s life opens a window onto how Africans creatively developed multiple forms of identity and resistance in Cuba and in the Atlantic world more broadly.
Literary Indians
Authors: Calcaterra Angela 
Published: September 2019

Although cross-cultural encounter is often considered an economic or political matter, beauty, taste, and artistry were central to cultural exchange and political negotiation in early and nineteenth-century America. Part of a new wave of scholarship in early American studies that contextualizes American writing in Indigenous space, Literary Indians highlights the significance of Indigenous aesthetic practices to American literary production. Countering the prevailing notion of the “literary Indian” as a construct of the white American literary imagination, Angela Calcaterra reveals how Native people’s pre-existing and evolving aesthetic practices influenced Anglo-American writing in precise ways. Indigenous aesthetics helped to establish borders and foster alliances that pushed against Anglo-American settlement practices and contributed to the discursive, divided, unfinished aspects of American letters. Focusing on tribal histories and Indigenous artistry, Calcaterra locates surprising connections and important distinctions between Native and Anglo-American literary aesthetics in a new history of early American encounter, identity, literature, and culture.
Børnebibelen som kulturelt erindringssted mellem kirkekristendom og kulturkristendom
Authors: Larsen Kasper Bro 
Published: September 2019

Børnebibelen som genre har i de seneste årtier oplevet en bemærkelsesværdig op-blomstring og popularitet. Denne artikel undersøger en række populære børnebibler på det danske marked som udtryk for kristen og samfundsmæssig erindringsmobilise-ring (fx de Vries 1960, Møllehave 1996, Lindhardt 1998, Barrett 2010 og Jessen 2016). Hvor den autoriserede bibel udgør et delvist glemt arkiv, afspejler børnebiblerne den kulturelt erindrede bibelkanon. Artiklen undersøger, hvordan børnebiblerne konstruerer det bibelske i kraft af mekanismer som selvnormativisering, synkroni og syntopi, værdibaseret selektion, intratekstuelle forbindelser, tekstharmonisering og kulturel tilpasning. De danske børnebibler fastholder det bibelske i den kulturelle erindring ved at favne både kirkekristendom og kulturkristendom.Nøgleord: børnebibler – kulturel erindring – Aleida Assmann – kulturel transmission – erindringssteder – evangelieharmonier – kirkekristendom – kulturkristendomAbstractIn Denmark, children’s’ bibles constitute a flourishing genre that has produced several bestsellers during the past decades. This article investigates some of the most popular examples on the Danish market as sites of cultural memory and as constructions of “the biblical.” Whereas the official bible has become a partly forgotten archive, children’s bibles reflect the actual canon in cultural memory. The article discusses how children’s bibles function as sites of cultural memory by means of self-normativization, synchrony and syntopy, value-based selection, intratextual systematization, harmonization, and cultural adaptation. Danish children’s bibles aim to maintain “the biblical” in Danish cultural memory by presenting biblical narratives as foundational to both Christianity and culture. Key words: children’s bibles — cultural memory — Aleida Assmann — cultural transmission — lieu de mémoire — gospel harmonies — modern Christianity