bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and free‐water imaging in Parkinsonism
Authors: Mitchell Trina , Archer Derek B. , Chu Winston T. , Coombes Stephen A. , Lai Song , Wilkes Bradley J. , McFarland Nikolaus R. , Okun Michael S. , Black Mieniecia L. , Herschel Ellen , Simuni Tanya , Comella Cynthia , Xie Tao , Li Hong , Parrish Todd B. , Kurani Ajay S. , Corcos Daniel M. , Vaillancourt David E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) uses a three‐compartment model to probe brain tissue microstructure, whereas free‐water (FW) imaging models two‐compartments. It is unknown if NODDI detects more disease‐specific effects related to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical Parkinsonism. We acquired multi‐ and single‐shell diffusion imaging at 3 Tesla across two sites. NODDI (using multi‐shell; isotropic volume [Viso]; intracellular volume [Vic]; orientation dispersion [ODI]) and FW imaging (using single‐shell; FW; free‐water corrected fractional anisotropy [FAt]) were compared with 44 PD, 21 multiple system atrophy Parkinsonian variant (MSAp), 26 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 24 healthy control subjects in the basal ganglia, midbrain/thalamus, cerebellum, and corpus callosum. There was elevated Viso in posterior substantia nigra across Parkinsonisms, and Viso, Vic, and ODI were altered in MSAp and PSP in the striatum, globus pallidus, midbrain, thalamus, cerebellum, and corpus callosum relative to controls. The mean effect size across regions for Viso was 0.163, ODI 0.131, Vic 0.122, FW 0.359, and FAt 0.125, with extracellular compartments having the greatest effect size. A key question addressed was if these techniques discriminate PD and atypical Parkinsonism. Both NODDI (AUC: 0.945) and FW imaging (AUC: 0.969) had high accuracy, with no significant difference between models. This study provides new evidence that NODDI and FW imaging offer similar discriminability between PD and atypical Parkinsonism, and FW had higher effect sizes for detecting Parkinsonism within regions across the basal ganglia and cerebellum.
Nuclear Sensor Interferon‐Inducible Protein 16 Inhibits the Function of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA by Integrating Innate Immune Activation and Epigenetic Suppression
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Zhao Xinzhuan , Wang Ziyu , Shu Wangqin , Li Lijie , Li Yuqi , Guo Zhiwei , Gao Bo , Xiong Sidong 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims
Nuclear‐located covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a determining factor for HBV persistence and the key obstacle for a cure of chronic hepatitis B. However, it remains unclear whether and how the host immune system senses HBV cccDNA and its biological consequences.

Approach and Results
Here, we demonstrated that interferon‐inducible protein 16 (IFI16) could serve as a unique innate sensor to recognize and bind to HBV cccDNA in hepatic nuclei, leading to the inhibition of cccDNA transcription and HBV replication. Mechanistically, our data showed that IFI16 promoted the epigenetic suppression of HBV cccDNA by targeting an interferon‐stimulated response element (ISRE) present in cccDNA. It is of interest that this ISRE was also revealed to play an important role in IFI16–activated type I interferon responses. Furthermore, our data revealed that HBV could down‐regulate the expression level of IFI16 in hepatocytes, and there was a negative correlation between IFI16 and HBV transcripts in liver biopsies, suggesting the possible role of IFI16 in suppressing cccDNA function under physiological conditions.

Conclusions
The nuclear sensor IFI16 suppresses cccDNA function by integrating innate immune activation and epigenetic regulation by targeting the ISRE of cccDNA, and IFI16 may present as a therapeutic target against HBV infection.
Numerical investigation on the heat transfer characteristics in a circular pipe using multiple twisted tapes in laminar flow conditions
Authors: Kumar Shiva , Dinesha Pijakala , Narayanan Akshith , Nanda Rahul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroducing passive devices in the form of inserts helps to increase the heat transfer characteristics in a circular pipe. In the present work, the feasibility of using two twisted tapes has been numerically studied under laminar flow conditions. Two twisted tapes with configurations of co‐swirl and counter‐swirl conditions were simulated for Re ranging from 1000 to 2500. Heat transfer characteristics like Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermohydraulic performance index (THPI) were investigated. Even the effect of spacing of the tubes inside the pipe was numerically studied. Results indicated that the insertion of two tapes will improve the performance of the circular tube compared with a single tape in terms of a higher Nu and higher THPI. It is observed that for the co‐swirl condition for a Reynolds number of 1000, Nu and THPI is 38% and 29% higher than using a single tape, whereas, for the counter‐swirl condition, they are 43% and 34% higher than that of the single tape condition. Also, it is revealed that counter swirl positioning of the tape with an L/D ratio 0.56 outperformed all other configurations with the highest THPI.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate versus placebo for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth
Authors: Fernandez‐Macias Rosa , Martinez‐Portilla Raigam J. , Cerrillos Lucas , Figueras Francesc , Palacio Montse 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth causes an increased risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveTo determine whether mid‐trimester 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17‐OHPC) reduces the risk of recurrent preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes.Search strategySystematic search to identify relevant studies published in different languages, registered after 2000, using appropriate MeSH terms.Selection criteriaInclusion criteria were women between 16 and 26+6 weeks of pregnancy with history of preterm delivery in any pregnancy randomized to either 17‐OHPC or placebo/no treatment.Data collection and analysisThe number of preterm births and adverse outcomes in the 17‐OHPC and placebo arms over the total number of patients in each randomized group were used to calculate the risk ratio (RR) by random‐effects models using the Mantel‐Haenszel method. Between‐study heterogeneity was assessed using tau2, χ2 (Cochrane Q), and I2 statistics.Main resultsFour studies were included. There was a 29% (RR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.96; P=0.001), 26% (RR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58–0.96; P=0.021), and 40% (RR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42–0.85; P=0.004) reduction in recurrent preterm birth at <37, <35, and <32 weeks, respectively, in the 17‐OHPC group compared with placebo. The reduction in neonatal death was 68% (RR 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15–0.66; P=0.002).Conclusions17‐OHPC could reduce the risk of recurrent preterm birth at <37, <35, and <28 weeks and neonatal death.PROSPERO: CDR42017082190
Attachment and coparenting representations in men during the transition to parenthood
Authors: Pinto Tiago Miguel , Figueiredo Bárbara 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTCoparenting is based on parents’ representations of themselves as coparents. Attachment theory can be a useful framework to understand the way that different coparenting representations are developed during the transition to parenthood. This study aimed to analyze the association between men's attachment and coparenting representations at the first trimester of pregnancy and from the first trimester of pregnancy to 6 months’ postpartum. A sample of 86 men was recruited and completed self‐report measures of attachment and coparenting representations at the first and third trimester of pregnancy and at 1 and 6 months’ postpartum. At the first trimester of pregnancy, higher attachment avoidance was associated with higher lack of coparenting support. From the first trimester of pregnancy to 6 months’ postpartum, higher attachment avoidance was associated with (a) a steeper increase on lack of coparenting support, (b) an increase on coparenting conflict (while low attachment avoidance was associated with a decrease), and (c) a lower decrease on coparenting disagreement. This study may contribute to coparenting research by showing new evidence on attachment theory as a useful framework to understand how different coparenting representations are developed in men during the transition to parenthood.
Flexible Na batteries
Authors: Zhao Chenglong , Lu Yaxiang , Chen Liquan , Hu Yong‐Sheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFlexible energy storage devices have gained significant attention because of the increasing needs of bendable displays, wearable electronics, and flexible displays. Flexible Na‐based rechargeable batteries are the promising power sources in such products due to their low cost and wide availability. In this review, we firstly introduce the structural superiority of flexible Na‐based batteries and summarize their main components including cathodes, electrolytes, and anodes. Moreover, fabrication of their flexible components is discussed in detail, with specific emphasis on material selection, particularly for solid‐state electrolytes. This is followed by an overview highlighting recent progress in the development of prototypes of flexible Na‐ion batteries and beyond. Finally, perspectives on future challenges for the development of flexible Na batteries are proposed.image
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio are associated with disease activity in polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: Jung Ju‐Yang , Lee Eunyoung , Suh Chang‐Hee , Kim Hyoun‐Ah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are indicators of systemic inflammation and are useful as markers in systemic rheumatic diseases. In this study, we compared the NLR, PLR, and MLR among patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and explored possible associations with clinical features, disease activity, and prognosis in patients with PMR.MethodsThe study enrolled 94 patients with PMR and 242 patients with RA who were initially diagnosed at the rheumatology clinic of a university‐based tertiary hospital. Symptoms, physical examination, and medical histories were collected with the results of laboratory tests.ResultsNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (4.5 ± 3.3 vs 2.8 ± 1.8), PLR (222.7 ± 115.5 vs 159.7 ± 78.1), and MLR (0.4 ± 0.3 vs 0.3 ± 0.2) were higher in patients with PMR compared with patients with RA (all P < .001). NLR, PLR, and MLR were correlated with specific laboratory values, including CRP and albumin, in patients with PMR. After disease activity resolved, NLR (2.95 ± 2.32, P < .001), PLR (137.5 ± 82.3, P < .001), and MLR (0.26 ± 0.16, P < .001) decreased significantly. By comparing patients according to the disease course, swollen joint counts were higher in the chronic course group compared with the remission group (P = .03), while the NLR, PLR, and MLR were similar.ConclusionsNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio levels were associated with disease activity and specific clinical features, although they could not predict prognosis in patients with PMR.
Mechanisms involved in follistatin‐induced hypertrophy and increased insulin action in skeletal muscle
Authors: Han Xiuqing , Møller Lisbeth Liliendal Valbjørn , De Groote Estelle , Bojsen‐Møller Kirstine Nyvold , Davey Jonathan , Henríquez‐Olguin Carlos , Li Zhencheng , Knudsen Jonas Roland , Jensen Thomas Elbenhardt , Madsbad Sten , Gregorevic Paul , Richter Erik Arne , Sylow Lykke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle wasting is often associated with insulin resistance. A major regulator of muscle mass is the transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) superfamily, including activin A, which causes atrophy. TGF‐β superfamily ligands also negatively regulate insulin‐sensitive proteins, but whether this pathway contributes to insulin action remains to be determined.MethodsTo elucidate if TGF‐β superfamily ligands regulate insulin action, we used an adeno‐associated virus gene editing approach to overexpress an activin A inhibitor, follistatin (Fst288), in mouse muscle of lean and diet‐induced obese mice. We determined basal and insulin‐stimulated 2‐deoxy‐glucose uptake using isotopic tracers in vivo. Furthermore, to evaluate whether circulating Fst and activin A concentrations are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and weight loss in humans, we analysed serum from morbidly obese subjects before, 1 week, and 1 year after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB).ResultsFst288 muscle overexpression markedly increased in vivo insulin‐stimulated (but not basal) glucose uptake (+75%, P < 0.05) and increased protein expression and intracellular insulin signalling of AKT, TBC1D4, PAK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase‐E1α, and p70S6K, while decreasing TBC1D1 signaling (P < 0.05). Fst288 increased both basal and insulin‐stimulated protein synthesis, but no correlation was observed between the Fst288‐driven hypertrophy and the increase in insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake. Importantly, Fst288 completely normalized muscle glucose uptake in insulin‐resistant diet‐induced obese mice. RYGB surgery doubled circulating Fst and reduced activin A (−24%, P < 0.05) concentration 1 week after surgery before any significant weight loss in morbidly obese normoglycemic patients, while major weight loss after 1 year did not further change the concentrations.ConclusionsWe here present evidence that Fst is a potent regulator of insulin action in muscle, and in addition to AKT and p70S6K, we identify TBC1D1, TBC1D4, pyruvate dehydrogenase‐E1α, and PAK1 as Fst targets. Circulating Fst more than doubled post‐RYGB surgery, a treatment that markedly improved insulin sensitivity, suggesting a role for Fst in regulating glycaemic control. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting TGF‐β superfamily ligands to improve insulin action and Fst's relevance to muscle wasting‐associated insulin‐resistant conditions in mice and humans.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of end‐of‐life dairy products (EoL‐DPs) valorization via anaerobic co‐digestion with agro‐industrial wastes for biogas production
Authors: Kopsahelis Alexandros , Kourmentza Constantina , Zafiri Constantina , Kornaros Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of the present study was to assess the environmental impacts of end‐of‐life dairy products (EoL‐DPs) management via their co‐treatment with agro‐industrial wastes (AgW) in a centralized biogas facility located in Cyprus using a gate‐to‐gate life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Two different scenarios were examined under the framework of this project. In the first one, co‐treatment of EoL‐DPs with various AgW in a 20:80 (w/w) ratio was evaluated in a one‐stage mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) process. In the second scenario, the same amount of EoL‐DPs were acidified before methanogenesis with AgW in order to improve biogas production.RESULTSPrior acidification of EoL‐DPs showed a better environmental performance compared with the results obtained upon direct co‐digestion in a mesophilic digester, having a total impact of 52.44 Pt against 57.13 Pt respectively. Biogas production upon acidification, and therefore energy yield, was higher, reaching up to 22.88 m3 CH4 ton−1 feed (229.25 kWh ton−1 feed), compared with 17.45 m3 CH4 ton−1 feed (174.85 kWh ton−1 feed) for the case where no pretreatment was performed.CONCLUSIONThe acidification of EoL‐DPs enhanced the environmental performance of the process by reducing its impact by 8.2% (in Pt equivalents). The energy consumption of the biogas plant mixing equipment was identified as the process hotspot. However, further analysis of the environmental performance of the proposed process is required by extending the system's boundaries towards a cradle‐to‐grave approach. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Meniscal Replacement With a Silk Fibroin Scaffold Reduces Contact Stresses in the Human Knee
Authors: Stein Svenja , Höse Sabrina , Warnecke Daniela , Gentilini Cristina , Skaer Nick , Walker Robert , Kessler Oliver , Ignatius Anita , Dürselen Lutz 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe aim of the current study was to verify if a previously developed silk fibroin scaffold for meniscal replacement is able to restore the physiological distribution of contact pressure (CP) over the articulating surfaces in the human knee joint, thereby reducing peak loads occurring after partial meniscectomy. The pressure distribution on the medial tibial articular surface of seven human cadaveric knee joints was analysed under continuous flexion–extension movements and under physiological loads up to 2,500 N at different flexion angles. Contact area (CA), maximum tibiofemoral CP, maximum pressure under the meniscus and the pressure distribution were analysed for the intact meniscus, after partial meniscectomy as well as after partial medial meniscal replacement using the silk fibroin scaffold. Implantation of the silk fibroin scaffold considerably improved tibiofemoral contact mechanics after partial medial meniscectomy. While the reduced CA after meniscectomy was not fully restored by the silk fibroin scaffold, clinically relevant peak pressures on the articular cartilage surface occurring after partial meniscectomy were significantly reduced. Nevertheless, at high flexion angles static testing demonstrated that normal pressure distribution comparable to the intact meniscus could not be fully achieved. The current study demonstrates that the silk fibroin implant possesses attributes that significantly improve tibiofemoral CPs within the knee joint following partial meniscectomy. However, the failure to fully recapitulate the CAs and pressures observed in the intact meniscus, particularly at high flexion angles, indicates that the implant's biomechanical properties may require further improvement to completely restore tibiofemoral contact mechanics. © 2019 The Authors.Journal of Orthopaedic Research®published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:2583–2592, 2019
Skin Ultrasound Measurement as a Potential Marker of Bone Quality: A Prospective Pilot Study of Patients undergoing Lumbar Spinal Fusion
Authors: Salzmann Stephan N. , Okano Ichiro , Rentenberger Colleen , Winter Fabian , Miller Courtney Ortiz , Schadler Paul , Sax Oliver C. , Miller Theodore T. , Shue Jennifer , Boskey Adele L. , Sama Andrew A. , Cammisa Frank P. , Girardi Federico P. , Hughes Alexander P. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBone mineral density (BMD) is not the sole predictor of fracture development. Qualitative markers including bone collagen maturity contribute to bone fragility. Bone and related type I collagen containing connective tissues degenerate in parallel fashion. With aging, changes in skin collagen content and quality have been observed that can be detected on ultrasound (US) as a decrease in dermal thickness and an increase in reticular layer echogenicity. We hypothesized that US dermal thickness and echogenicity correlate with bone collagen maturity. Data of 43 prospectively enrolled patients (mean age 61 years, 24 females), who underwent instrumented, posterior lumbar fusion was analyzed. Besides preoperative quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and skin US measurements, intraoperative bone biopsies were obtained and analyzed with Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Among men, there was no correlation between US measurements and collagen maturity. Among women, dermal layer thickness correlated negatively with collagen maturity in trabecular bone of the iliac crest (r = −0.51, p = 0.01) and vertebra (r = −0.59, p = 0.01) as well as in cortical bone of the iliac crest (r = −0.50, p = 0.02) and vertebra (r = −0.50, p = 0.04). In addition, echogenicity correlated positively with collagen maturity in trabecular vertebral bone (r = 0.59, p = 0.01). In both genders, US measurements showed no correlation with QCT BMD. In summary, ultrasound skin parameters are associated with bone quality factors such as collagen maturity, rather than bone quantity (BMD). Ultrasound of the skin may thereby be an easy and accessible take off point for diagnosis of bone collagen maturity and connective tissue degeneration in the future. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2508–2515, 2019
Tutorial on Diarrhea and Enteral Nutrition: A Comprehensive Step‐By‐Step Approach
Authors: Pitta Marina Regueira , Campos Franciele Maciel , Monteiro Alline Gonçalves , Cunha Anna Gabriella Ferreira , Porto Juliana Dourado , Gomes Raquel Rodrigues 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis tutorial suggests a current strategy toward a multiprofessional therapy based upon a comprehensive step‐by‐step approach to the course of intensive care unit diarrhea episodes. Evidence published in the last 10 years, obtained through a database search (PubMed), shows that its prevalence is quite variable. Although multicausal, it is often erroneously associated with the supply of enteral nutrition. Several complications affect not only nutrition status but also the development of skin lesions, which can become the focus of infections, and the length of hospital stay. Here, we propose an early, objective, directed, and multimodal approach, aiming at optimizing care for these patients. In a dynamic walkthrough, the reader will find a guide for the general diagnosis and for colitis resulting from Clostridium difficile infections, as well as current instructions and recommendations for drug treatment and supportive therapy for these 2 modalities. We also bring together ways to prevent and treat associated skin lesions in this setting. Because it is neglected in the critical environment, diarrhea is still a poorly addressed disease, and its complications bring about a significant worsening in quality of life and hospital stay.
Student perceptions of the white coat ceremony in a pharmacy program in Australia
Authors: Mylrea Martina F. , Gupta Tarun Sen , Glass Beverley D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe white coat ceremony (WCC) is an opportunity to welcome students to the profession and highlight the essential characteristics and responsibilities of the pharmacist. After three consecutive years of WCCs, all pharmacy students enrolled at the James Cook University in 2017 were invited to complete an online survey designed to ascertain student perceptions regarding the effect, meaning and timing of the ceremony. The 78 survey respondents (response rate 56%) revealed that students at all levels of the program were positive about the WCC and were proud to receive a white coat (90%). They demonstrated a clear understanding of the role of the ceremony and reported that the preferred timing for the WCC was at the end of the fourth year (43%) of the program. This study revealed that the WCC was perceived positively and represents a worthwhile strategy for enhancing student connection to the profession of pharmacy.