bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grinding Synthesis of Pyrazolyl-Bis Coumarinyl Methanes Using Potassium 2-Oxoimidazolidine-1,3-diide
Authors: Hematinezhad Kazem , Nikpassand Mohammad , Fekri Leila Zare 
Published: January 2019

Aim and Objective:
Potassium 2-oxoimidazolidine-1,3-diide (POImD) as a novel and reusable catalyst
was used for the synthesis of pyrazolyl-bis coumarinyl methanes by a nucleophilic addition reaction of
synthetized pyrazolecarbaldehyde and two equivalents of 4-hydroxycoumarin under grinding. The catalyst can
be reused and recovered several times without loss of activity. This method provides several advantages such
as eco-friendliness, simple work-up and shorter reaction time as well as excellent yields. All of the synthesized
compounds were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses.

Material and Method:
Synthetized pyrazole carbaldehyde 1a (1 mmol), 4-hydroxycoumarin 2 (2 mmol), 1
mmol of POImD and 10mL of H2O were ground in a mortar by a pestle for 30-90 minutes. After the completion
of the reaction, as monitored by TLC on silica gel using ethyl acetate/n-hexane (1:2), the mixture was allowed
to cool to room temperature. After completion of the reaction, we extracted the product with
CH2Cl2/H2O. This was followed by separation of phases, evaporation of the organic phase and recrystallization
of the residue with 50 mL of ethanol/H2O (1:1). The pure product was then obtained in 87 to 96% yield. The
aqueous phase was concentrated under reduced pressure to recover the catalyst for subsequent use.

Results:
To continue our ongoing studies to synthesize heterocyclic and pharmaceutical compounds by mild,
facile and efficient protocols, herein we wish to report our experimental results on the synthesis of pyrazolylbis
coumarinyl methanes, using various synthetized pyrazole carbaldehydes and 4-hydroxycoumarin in the
presence of POImD in aqueous media at room temperature.

Conclusion:
Finally, we developed an efficient, fast and convenient procedure for the three-component synthesis
of pyrazolyl-bis coumarinyl methanes through the reaction of pyrazole carbaldehydes and 4-
hydroxycoumarin, using POImD as a novel and reusable catalyst. The remarkable advantage offered by this
method is that the catalyst is non-toxic, inexpensive, easy to handle and reusable. A short reaction time, simple
work-up procedure, high yields of product with better purity and the green aspect by avoiding a hazardous solvent
and a toxic catalyst are the other advantages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the
synthesis of pyrazolyl-bis coumarinylmethane derivatives using potassium 2-oxoimidazolidine-1,3-diide (POImD).
Solanum nigrum Anticancer Effect Through Epigenetic Modulations in Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Shirkavand Atefeh , Boroujeni Zahra N. , Aleyasin Seyed A. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
DNA methylation plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression
in mammalian cells and often occurs at CpG islands in the genome. It is more reversible
than genetic variations and has therefore attracted much attention for the treatment of many diseases,
especially cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Solanum nigrum
Extract (SNE) on the methylation status of the VIM and CXCR4 genes in breast cancer cell lines.

Methods:
The Trypan blue assay was used to study the effect of SNE at various concentrations of
0, 0.1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5 mg/ml for 48 h on the survival of three human breast cancer cell lines
MCF7, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231. Methylation status of VIM and CXCR4 genes in breast
cancer cell lines was assessed by Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP) method. Also, methylation
changes of VIM and CXCR4 genes in breast cancer cell lines after treatment with 0.1 mg/ml of
SNE for 6 days were analyzed by MSP method. To confirm the effect of SNE on methylation of
VIM and CXCR4 genes, Real-Time PCR was performed.

Results:
The Trypan blue assay results indicated that treatment with SNE reduced cell viability in
a dose-dependent manner in breast cancer cells. Our results showed that treatment of breast cancer
cells with 0.1 mg/ml of SNE hypermethylated the VIM, CXCR4 genes and significantly reduced
the expression levels of their mRNA (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
Our findings reveal for the first time the impact of SNE on the methylation of breast
cancer cells.
Should the Ultrasound of Hands be a Component of Rheumatoid Arthritis Remission Criteria?
Authors: Nessrine Akasbi , Siham Driouach , Meryem Baya , Samira El Fakir , Taoufik Harzy 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:
The definition of remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is still difficult
to determine. An ultrasound of the hands may be important in helping confirm clinical remission.

Objective:
This study’s aim was to evaluate the interest in using an ultrasound of the hands to confirm
clinical remission, as well as comparing the various remission scores (DAS 28 VS, DAS 28
CRP, and SDAI) and the ultrasound data, in order to deduce the most accurate score to confirm this
remission.

Methods:
In this prospective monocentric study, we studied patients with rheumatoid arthritis in
clinical remission, according to DAS 28 VS, for at least 3 months without corticosteroid therapy.
An ultrasound mode B / Doppler of the hands was taken by an experienced rheumatologist, involving
22 joints: wrists, Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and proximal interphalangeal joints (PPI)
bilaterally.

Results:
Fifty-one patients were included. They were classified in remission according to DAS 28
VS as well as DAS 28 CRP, whereas the remission according to SDAI was achieved in 66.7% of
our patients. Synovial hypertrophy and power Doppler were present in respectively 65% and 25%
of the patients. SDAI was the most accurate score to confirm RA remission (p < 0.003).

Conclusion:
SDAI appears to be the most appropriate score for the definition of remission in
rheumatoid arthritis, but despite the use of the latter, ultrasound synovitis may still be present. Further
work deserves to be done to clarify the value of ultrasound evaluation in the definition of RA
remission.
In Vitro Metabolic Profiling of Periplogenin in Rat Liver Microsomes and its Associated Enzyme-kinetic Evaluation
Authors: Feng Yingshu , Wan Jinyi , Chen Baoding , Zhu Yuan , Firempong Caleb Kesse , Feng Chunlai , Imai Teruko , Xu Ximing , Yu Jiangnan 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Periplogenin, an active ingredient in Cortex Periplocae, is widely noted for its
multiple biological activities; however, the metabolism of this compound has been scarcely investigated.
The present report proposed the in vitro metabolic profiling and reaction pathways of periplogenin in rat
liver microsomes.

Method and Results:
The metabolites of periplogenin in rat liver microsomes were analyzed. Two main
metabolites, namely 14-hydroxy-3-oxo-14β-carda-4, 20 (22)-dienolide and 5, 14-dihydroxy-3-oxo-5β,
14β-card-20(22)-enolide were identified by HPLC-MSn, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. HPLC method was
established for the simultaneous determination of periplogenin and its related metabolites (M0, M1 and
M2), which was performed on Waters ODS column with a methanol-water solution (53:47, v/v) as mobile
phase and descurainoside as an internal standard at 220 nm. The linearity ranges of M0, M1 and
M2 were 0.64-820.51, 0.68-864.86 and 0.64-824.74 μM respectively with the regression coefficient
(R2) above 0.9995. The limits of quantitation for these metabolites (M0, M1 and M2) were 0.18, 0.22
and 0.15 μM respectively. The developed method was also accurate (with relative errors of -3.6% to
3.2%) and precise (with relative standard deviations below 7.9%). The recoveries of the three analytes
were above 85.7% with stability in the range of -2.4% to 3.6%. The enzyme-kinetic parameters of
periplogenin including Vmax (6.08 ± 0.19 nmol/mg protein/min), Km (288.62 ± 14.54 μM) and Clint
(21 ± 1.0 μL/min/mg protein) were calculated using nonlinear regression analysis.

Conclusion:
These findings significantly highlighted the metabolic pathways of periplogenin and also
provided some reference data for future pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies.
Lentiviral-Mediated Overexpression of MicroRNA-141 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jun-He , Xia Hai-Bin 
Published: January 2019

Background:Esophageal Carcinoma (EC) is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. Numerous studies have highlighted a vital role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of EC. However, the mechanism of microRNA (miRNA)-141 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown.Objective:In this study, we explored the effects of miRNA-141 on EC cell proliferation, apoptosis, xenograft tumour growth and their possible mechanisms.Methods :A lentivirus-vector-expressing miRNA-141 was constructed, and a TE-1 cell line of ESCC with a stable expression of miRNA-141 was transfected and screened. The miRNA-141 expression level was detected using qRT-PCR. Effects of miRNA-141 overexpression on cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected using MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, a direct interaction between miRNA-141 and the 3'-Untranslated Region (UTR) of YAP1 and SOX17 was confirmed. Tumour xenograft experiment in nude mice was used to detect the tumour growth, and the effects of miRNA-141 overexpression on YAP1 and SOX17 were analysed using Western blot.Results:We found that miRNA-141 was highly expressed in TE-1 cells, and miRNA-141 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, the miRNA-141 group showed significantly increased tumour growth ability, luciferase activities and expression levels of YAP1 and SOX17 in the miRNA-141group were significantly down-regulated.Conclusion:miRNA-141 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in ESCC by downregulating the expression level of YAP1 and SOX17, indicating that miRNA-141 may be a potential molecular target for the treatment of ESCC.
Crocetin and Crocin from Saffron in Cancer Chemotherapy and Chemoprevention
Authors: Colapietro Alessandro , Mancini Andrea , D'Alessandro Anna Maria , Festuccia Claudio 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:Cancer is a disorder which has a powerful impact on the quality life and life expectancy despite the increase in drugs and treatments available for cancer patients. Moreover, many new therapeutic options are known to have adverse reactions without any improvement in outcome than before. Nowadays, natural products or plant derivatives are used as chemoprevention drugs and chemotherapy is the new approach that uses specific cell premalignant transformation in the malignant form. Natural substances derived from plants, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, alkaloids and others, can be biologically active and have a wide spectrum of effects. The protective effects of Saffron carotenoids (crocin and crocetin) have been extensively studied mainly for their antioxidant properties, however, they have various other biological activities including tumor growth inhibition with the induction of cell death.Methods:The relevant information on Saffron and its carotenoids was collected from scientific databases (such as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct). To identify all published articles in relation to saffron, crocin and crocetin, in different types of cancer, no language restriction has been used.Results:To date, crossing the words saffron and cancer, approximately 150 articles can be found. If crossing is made between crocin and cancer, approximately 60 articles can be found. With the crossing between crocetin and cancer, the number is approximately 55, while between carotenoids and cancer, the number exceeds 16.000 reports. In all the papers published to date, there are evidences that saffron and its carotenoids exert chemopreventive activity through anti-oxidant activity, cancer cells apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, enhancement of cell differentiation, modulation of cell cycle progression and cell growth, modulation of tumor metabolism, stimulation of cell-to-cell communication and immune modulation.Conclusion:Here, we have tried to offer an up-to-date overview of pre-clinical experimental investigations on the potential use of the main carotenoids of saffron in tumor models and focus the attention on the molecular mechanisms involved.
Ochratoxin A Removal by Lactobacillus Plantarum V22 in Synthetic Substrates
Authors: A. Moncalvo , R. Dordoni , A. Silva , M.D. Fumi , S. Di Piazza , G. Spigno 
Published: January 2019

Background:Ochratoxin A is a nephrotoxin which may occur in wines characterised by higher pH than the average. In the last decades the mechanisms responsible for ochratoxin A reduction by lactic acid bacteria have been investigated and identified as mainly cell walls adsorption and / or enzymatic conversion to ochratoxin-α, a non-toxic metabolite. Since lactic acid bacteria are involved in the malolactic fermentation during the wine-making process, selected starter cultures could be exploited to guarantee safe ochratoxin A level in wines also from contaminated grapes. A lactic acid bacteria strain (Lactobacillus plantarumV22) was previously selected for its ability of both degrading ochratoxin A and carrying out malolactic fermentation at high pH.Objective:This study was aimed at assessing if the selectedL. plantarumstrain, can reduce ochratoxin A because it can use it as a carbon source.Methods:L. plantarumV22 was grown in the presence of ochratoxin A in two different synthetic substrates, with or without malic acid, monitoring the reduction of ochratoxin A and the presence of ochratoxinαas an indicator for a toxin enzymatic hydrolysis. The presence of residual not hydrolysed ochratoxin A bound to the bacteria cell walls was also evaluated to quantify the ochratoxin A removal due to simple adsorption.Result:A significant reduction of 19.5 ± 2.0% in ochratoxin A concentration was observed only in the presence of malic acid. The quantified fraction of ochratoxin A adsorbed on cell walls was irrelevant and the metabolite ochratoxinαcould not be detected.Conclusion:There is a possibility thatL. plantarumV22 can degrade ochratoxin A through a not yet identified metabolic pathway.
BAX Gene Overexpression in the Tongue Could Warn of Infection Risk due to Periodontal Pathogens
Authors: Orrù Germano , Muggironi Francesca , Mameli Antonello , Demontis Cristina , Arcadu Bastiana , Scano Alessandra , Denotti Gloria , Piras Vincenzo , Girometta Carolina , Zeza Blerina , Pilloni Andrea 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Different host proteins play a central role in cell response during bacterial infections, the Bcl-2-Associated X protein (BAX) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Protein 1 (VCAM-1) are often reported in infective primary events during cell injury.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of these two proteins as biomarkers of oral bacterial infection, with particular emphasis on the tongue, which plays an important role in microbial homeostasis in the mouth.

Methods:
Twenty-nine patients were recruited and divided according to the Periodontal Index (CPI), 4 of them were severely compromised periodontal patients. Oral hygiene, gingival tissues and plaque presence were evaluated clinically. The laboratory analysis carried out on tongue tissue included: total bacterial genomes, proportion of specific periopathogens and BAX -VCAM-1 expression rate, while Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were measured in saliva.

Results:
Neither tongue microbiological status nor salivary ROS level corresponded with the state of disease. VCAM-1 mRNA expression rate was comparable in all patients but, on the contrary, BAX expression resulted high in periodontally-compromised patients and appears related to periodontal status in the analyzed subjects.

Conclusion:
This preliminary work suggests that the BAX protein is a possible candidate in a prognostic marker study for oral diseases started by periodontal bacteria. For example, none of the evaluated clinical and microbiological parameters could predict the presence, prognosis or recurrence of periodontal diseases. This biomarker could be a valuable tool in determining the risk, diagnosis and prognosis of this human illness.
Authentication of Frozen Chilean Blue Mussel (Mytilus chilensis) Commercialized in the Town of Osorno, Southern Chile, Using PCR-RFLP Analysis
Authors: Colihueque Nelson , Espinoza René , Parraguez Margarita 
Published: January 2019

Background:
DNA-based technologies are reliable authentication methods for food
products, enabling the detection of fraud, non-intentional substitution and control of mislabeling.
The Chilean blue mussel (Mytilus chilensis) is a seafood commercialized in Chile under different
formats, including packages of frozen specimens. In this format, the valves of mussels are removed
during processing, thus impeding identification of the product by the consumer due to the lack of
external characters.

Objective:
To assess the authenticity of frozen Chilean blue mussels commercialized in southern
Chile, particularly in the town of Osorno.

Methods:
Six commercial brands of frozen Chilean blue mussel were authenticated by the Polymerase
Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, based on
the analysis of an 18S rDNA fragment.

Results:
Restriction patterns obtained indicate that three brands (50%) proved to be 100% authentic,
given that all specimens contained in the package were Chilean blue mussels. The other three
brands (50%) contained specimens of other commercial mytilids, particularly the cholga mussel
(Aulacomya ater), in a variable percentage (12.5-50%).

Conclusion:
This study based on the PCR-RFLP method provides evidence that Chilean blue mussels
commercialized in a town located in southern Chile lack authenticity. This finding highlights
the necessity for national producers to improve the production and/or packaging processes of this
seafood. The authentication of commercial mussels is a matter of consumer interest and has been
described in a recent patent on this issue that proposes an alternative methodology.
Probabilistic and Fuzzy based Efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Agarwal Madan Mohan , Saini Hemraj , Govil Mahesh Chandra 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The performance of the network protocol depends on number of parameters
like re-broadcast probability, mobility, the distance between source and destination, hop count,
queue length and residual energy, etc.

Objective:
In this paper, a new energy efficient routing protocol IAOMDV-PF is developed based
on the fixed threshold re-broadcast probability determination and best route selection using fuzzy
logic from multiple routes.

Methods:
In the first phase, the proposed protocol determines fixed threshold rebroadcast probability.
It is used for discovering multiple paths between the source and the destination. The threshold
probability at each node decides the rebroadcasting of received control packets to its neighbors
thereby reducing routing overheads and energy consumption. The multiple paths list received from
the first phase and supply to the second phase that is the fuzzy controller selects the best path. This
fuzzy controller has been named as Fuzzy Best Route Selector (FBRS). FBRS determines the best
path based on function of queue length, the distance between nodes and mobility of nodes.

Results:
Comparative analysis of the proposed protocol named as "Improved Ad-Hoc On-demand
Multiple Path Distance Vector based on Probabilistic and Fuzzy logic" (IAOMDV-PF) shows that
it is more efficient in terms of overheads and energy consumption.

Conclusion:
The proposed protocol reduced energy consumption by about 61%, 58% and 30% with
respect to FF-AOMDV, IAOMDV-F and FPAOMDV routing protocols, respectively. The proposed
protocol has been simulated and analyzed by using NS-2.
A Review Study of Modified Swarm Intelligence: Particle Swarm Optimization, Firefly, Bat and Gray Wolf Optimizer Algorithms
Authors: Igiri Chinwe P. , Singh Yudhveer , Poonia Ramesh C. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Limitations exist in traditional optimization algorithms. Studies show that
bio-inspired alternatives have overcome these drawbacks. Bio-inspired algorithm mimics the characteristics
of natural occurrences to solve complex problems. Particle swarm optimization, firefly algorithm,
bat algorithms, gray wolf optimizer, among others are examples of bio-inspired algorithms.
Researchers make certain assumptions while designing these models which limits their performance
in some optimization domains. Efforts to find a solution to deal with these challenges leads to the
multiplicity of variants.

Objective:
This study explores the improvement strategies in four popular swarm intelligence in the
literature. Specifically, particle swarm optimization, firefly algorithm, bat algorithm, and gray wolf
optimizer. It also tries to identify the exact modification position in the algorithm kernel that yielded
the positive outcome. The primary goal is to understand the trends and the relationship in their performance.

Methods:
The best evidence review methodology approach is employed. Two ancient but valuable
and two recent and efficient swarm intelligence, are selected for this study.

Results:
Particle swarm optimization, firefly algorithm, bat algorithm, and gray wolf optimizer exhibit
local optima entrapment in their standard states. The same enhancement strategy produced effective
outcome across these four swarm intelligence. The exact approach is chaotic-based optimization. However,
the implementation produced the desired result at different stages of these algorithms.

Conclusion:
Every bio-inspired algorithm comprises two or more updating functions. Researchers
need a proper guide on what and how to apply a strategy for an optimum result.
Importance of Feature Selection and Data Visualization Towards Prediction of Breast Cancer
Authors: Krishnamurthi Rajalakshmi , Aggrawal Niyati , Sharma Lokendra , Srivastava Diva , Sharma Shivangi 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancers among women
and the leading cause of death among them. Countries like United States, England and Canada have
reported a high number of breast cancer patients every year and this number is continuously increasing
due to detection at later stages. Hence, it is very important to create awareness among women
and develop such algorithms which help to detect malignant cancer. Several research studies have
been conducted to analyze the breast cancer data.

Objective:
This paper presents an effective method in predicting breast cancer and its stage and will
also analyze the performance of different supervised learning algorithms such as Random Classifier,
Chi2 Square test used in order to predict. The paper focuses on the three important aspects such as
the feature selection, the corresponding data visualisation and finally making a prediction call on different
machine learning models.

Methods:
The dataset used for this work is breast cancer Wisconsin data taken from UCI library.
The dataset has been used to show the different 32 features which are all important and how it can
be achieved using data visualisation. Secondly, after the feature selection, different machine learning
models have been applied.

Conclusion:
The machine learning models involved are namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), KNearest
Neighbour (KNN), Random Forest, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Neural Network
using Perceptron (NNP). This has been done to check which type of model is better under what conditions.
At different stages several charts have been plotted and eliminated based on relative comparison.
Results have shown that Random Tree classifier along with Chi2 Square proves to be an efficient
one.