bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The moderating effect of corruption on the relationship between formal institutions and entrepreneurial activity
Authors: Ghura Hasan , Harraf Arezou , Li Xiaoqing , Hamdan Allam 
Published: September 2019

PurposeCorruption has been shown to discourage entrepreneurship in both developed and developing countries. However, it is less clear to what extent corruption affects the development of institutions’ impact on entrepreneurial activity in the context of emerging economies, such as those in the post-communist countries. The purpose of this study is to use institutional economics as a conceptual framework to analyse the moderating effect of control of corruption (informal institution) on the relationship between formal institutions (such as the number of procedures, education and training [TEDU], access to finance and technology absorption) and entrepreneurial activity.Design/methodology/approachThe study used panel data of 14 post-communist countries and different secondary databases from the years 2006-2016.FindingsThe main findings showed the importance of the institutional environment (formal and informal) on encouraging the rates of entrepreneurial activity. Overall, corruption showed that it behaves as a moderator between formal institutions and entrepreneurship. In particular, the evidence from this study showed that formal institutions, such as the number of procedures and TEDU, are more likely to encourage individual’s choice to become an entrepreneur and start a new business activity in post-communist economies that have a perception of lower levels of corruption.Originality/valueThis study has several implications from both theoretical perspectives (advancing the application of institutional economics for the study of entrepreneurship) and from the practical point of view (providing insights for governmental policies interested in fostering higher levels of entrepreneurial activity).
Exploring the development of Malaysian seaports as a hub for tourism activities
Authors: Jeevan Jagan , Othman Mohamad Rosni , Abu Hasan Zuha Rosufila , Pham Thi Quynh Mai , Park Gyei Kark 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the prospects of Malaysian seaports as hubs for seaport tourism. This symbiosis nexus between seaports and tourism needs to be explored to provide a luxury economic growth. Combinations of these two segments are expected to explore a new market in Malaysian tourism industry.

Design/methodology/approach
A thorough case study consists of five major seaports in Malaysia including Penang Port, Port Klang, Port of Tanjung Pelepas, Kuantan Port, Bintulu Port and Kota Kinabalu; these seaports have been selected to reveal their opportunities for the prospect of Malaysian seaport tourism via spatial interaction model.

Findings
Four main components including cruise activities, support from intra-region and inter-region economic corridors and the seaport regionalisation can be integrated to reveal the capacity of Malaysian seaport to be hub for seaport tourism.

Originality/value
This paper incorporates tourism sector as one of the streams in the fifth-generation seaports. Seaports and tourism are two economic generators in Malaysia and infusion of these components is expected to enhance the economic prospect, diversify the function of seaports and reduce the over-dependence on conventional tourism activities.
Strategic orientations and performance of young ventures
Authors: Balodi Krishna Chandra 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Considering that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientation (MO) are antecedents of firm performance, and that technological turbulence (TT) and competitive intensity (CI) are present in different degrees in the business environment, the purpose of this paper is to address the following question in the context of young ventures: What is the contingent effect of TT and CI on MO–performance and EO–performance relationships?

Design/methodology/approach
This paper follows a deductive research approach. First, the literature on strategic orientation, opportunities, and dynamic capabilities (DCs) view are reviewed to formulate hypotheses. Then moderated hierarchical regression analysis is used on data collected from entrepreneurs/top managers of a multi-country (India and the UK) sample of young ventures.

Findings
The results of this study provide empirical evidence to the argument that both EO and MO, when looked from the universal approach, positively affect young ventures’ performance. The results show that young venture should consider environmental contingencies while choosing a strategic orientation. For resource-starved young ventures, EO is beneficial when the environment is intensely competitive, and MO is advantageous when the environment is technologically turbulent.

Originality/value
This study relies on the literature on opportunities and DCs view to arrive at hypotheses specific to young ventures. The paper empirically tests the assertions, finds support for the majority of them and reports unbiased estimates of the coefficients. It also clarifies the contrary observation made by some researchers in their study of orientation–performance relationship.
Strategic knowledge management within subsidised entrepreneurial university-industry partnerships
Authors: Guerrero Maribel , Herrera Fernando , Urbano David 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse how collaborative/opportunistic behaviours within subsidised university-industry partnerships are influencing the design/implementation of strategic knowledge management practices in emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed conceptual model was analysed with a retrospective multiple case study approach integrated by four subsidised entrepreneurial universities-industry partnerships of the Incentive Programme for Innovation from 2009 to 2014 in Mexico.

Findings
Entrepreneurial universities and industrial organisations confirm insights about dual collaborative-opportunistic behaviour within subsidised partnerships. The main effects of behaviours represent an increment in the knowledge management costs during the monitoring stages. The ex ante collaboration agreement anticipated and protected intellectual capabilities.

Research limitations/implications
This research contributes to the ongoing discussion about public administrations’ opportunistic behaviours in emerging economies (Tripsas et al., 1995), the effectiveness of the innovation and entrepreneurial programmes (Guerrero and Urbano, 2019b), and the link between dual behaviours (collaborative and opportunistic) and knowledge management practices (de Wit-de Vries et al., 2018).

Practical implications
New questions emerged about the effectiveness of subsidies as new modes of knowledge generation among entrepreneurial universities and industrial organisations, as well as the need for implementing strategic knowledge management practices in the public administration.

Social implications
For policymakers, the study presents insights about the effectiveness of public resources. Policymakers should understand challenges and re-define/re-incentivize the productive value chain as well as implement mechanisms to control opportunistic behaviours on potential subsidised firms.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the academic debate about how entrepreneurial universities and industrial organisations are strategically managing their knowledge when participating in subsidised partnerships in emerging economies.
Effect of rotation on wave propagation through a poroelastic wet bone with cavity
Authors: Abd-Alla A.M. , Abo-Dahab S.M. , Ateeq Roqia , Khder Moaiad A. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the wave propagation of wave in an infinite poroelastic cylindrical bone. The dynamic behavior of a wet long bone that has been modeled as a piezoelectric hollow cylinder of crystal class 6 is investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
An exact closed form solution is presented by employing an analytical procedure. The frequency equation for poroelastic bone is obtained when the boundaries are stress free and is examined numerically.

Findings
The study of wave propagation over a continuous medium is of practical importance in the field of engineering, medicine and bio-engineering. Application of the poroelastic materials in medicinal fields such as orthopedics, dental and cardiovascular is well known. In orthopedics, wave propagation over bone is used in monitoring the rate of fracture healing. There are two types of osseous tissue, such as cancellous or trabecular and compact or cortical bone, which are of different materials, with respect to their mechanical behavior.

Originality/value
The frequencies are calculated for poroelastic bone for various values for different values of rotation, angular velocity and density. In wet bone little velocity dispersion was observed, in contrast to the results of earlier studies on wet bone. Large values of attenuation were observed. Such a model would in particular be useful in large-scale parametric studies of bone mechanical response.
Assessing sustainable housing indicators: a structural equation modeling analysis
Authors: Nasrabadi Mahla Tayefi , Hataminejad Hossein 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose the sustainable housing (SH) model for the housing of Region-one of Mashhad city in Iran.Design/methodology/approachBuilding the SH particularly increases mitigation measures as well as creates healthier environments for inhabitants by decreasing harmful environmental and physical effects. This research in terms of the target is applied research that has been done with the descriptive-analytical method. The research population is residents who live in the Region-one of Mashhad, with a statistical sample of 384 people. The responses were collected from the questionnaire, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to illustrate the research SH model in AMOS software.FindingsThe findings indicate that the suitability of the housing model with meeting needs together with the quality of the health situation in housing has the most influences, and in contrast, the number of residential units with building permits besides the amount of home green space has the least influences on the sustainability of housing in the region.Research limitations/implicationsThe results can offer valuable insights for helping the sustainability of housing in the studied area and similar cases, which may vary in a different context.Originality/valueThe new aspect of the study is to provide the SH model by SEM, which has not been investigated in almost all previous research. This paper makes a contribution to the understanding of the physical and environmental components that affect the sustainability of housing in Region-one of Mashhad city in Iran according to respond to the needs of both lifestyles: pilgrims-tourists and residents. The results can also contribute to housing stabilizing in other developing countries, especially the pilgrimage and tourism countries.
Measuring competitive impact: Joint‐species modelling of invaded plant communities
Authors: O’Reilly‐Nugent Andrew , Wandrag Elizabeth M. , Catford Jane A. , Gruber Bernd , Driscoll Don , Duncan Richard P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNon‐native species can dominate plant communities by competitively displacing native species, or because environmental change creates conditions favourable to non‐native species but unfavourable to native species. We need to disentangle these mechanisms so that management can target competitively dominant species and reduce their impacts.Joint‐species distribution models (JSDMs) can potentially quantify competitive impacts by simultaneously modelling how species respond to environmental variation and to changes in community composition. We describe a JSDM to model variation in plant cover and show how this can be applied to compositional data to detect dominant competitors that cause other species to decline in abundance.We applied the model to an experiment in an invaded grassy‐woodland community in Australia where we manipulated biomass removal (through slashing and fencing to prevent grazing by kangaroos) along a fertility gradient. Non‐native species dominated plant cover at high fertility sites in the absence of biomass removal. Results from the JSDM identified three of the 72 non‐native plant species (Bromus diandrus,Acetosella vulgarisand especiallyAvena fatua) as having a strong competitive impact on the community, driving changes in composition and reducing the cover of both native and non‐native species, particularly in the absence of grazing. The dominant non‐native grassesBromus diandrusandAvena fatuawere among the tallest species in the community and had the greatest impact on shorter‐statured species, most likely through competition for light under conditions of high fertility and low grazing.Synthesis. We demonstrate a method to measure competitive impact using a joint‐species distribution model, which allowed us to identify the species driving compositional change through competitive displacement, and where on the landscape competitive impacts were greatest. This information is central to managing plant invasions: by targeting dominant non‐native species with large competitive impacts, management can reduce impacts where they are greatest. We provide details of the modelling procedure and reproducible code to encourage further application.
Latent Print Proficiency Testing: An Examination of Test Respondents, Test‐Taking Procedures, and Test Characteristics
Authors: Gardner Brett O. , Kelley Sharon , Pan Karen D. H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProficiency testing is a key component of quality assurance programs within crime laboratories and can help improve laboratory practices. However, current proficiency testing procedures contain significant limitations and can be misinterpreted by examiners and court personnel (Garrett & Mitchell, 2018). To evaluate some of these limitations, we surveyed latent print examiners (n = 198) after they completed a Collaborative Testing Services, Inc. proficiency test. Additionally, we evaluated test performance and used a quality metric algorithm to evaluate the quality of test prints. Results do not suggest that respondents are dissimilar to the broader examiner population, although they may engage in different behaviors when completing tests versus casework. Findings show that proficiency testing contains prints of high quality and is perceived as both relatively easy and representative of casework. The test discriminated between inexperienced and experienced respondents, and verification procedures were largely ineffective in reducing errors. Objective quality metrics may provide a path forward to improving proficiency testing in a measurable manner.
Metatranscriptomics yields new genomic resources and sensitive detection of infections for diverse blood parasites
Authors: Galen Spencer C. , Borner Janus , Williamson Jessie L. , Witt Christopher C. , Perkins Susan L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMetatranscriptomics is a powerful method for studying the composition and function of complex microbial communities. The application of metatranscriptomics to multispecies parasite infections is of particular interest, as research on parasite evolution and diversification has been hampered by technical challenges to genome‐scale DNA sequencing. In particular, blood parasites of vertebrates are abundant and diverse although they often occur at low infection intensities and exist as multispecies infections, rendering the isolation of genomic sequence data challenging. Here, we use birds and their diverse haemosporidian parasites to illustrate the potential for metatranscriptome sequencing to generate large quantities of genome‐wide sequence data from multiple blood parasite species simultaneously. We used RNA‐sequencing of 24 blood samples from songbirds in North America to show that metatranscriptomes can yield large proportions of haemosporidian protein‐coding gene repertoires even when infections are of low intensity (<0.1% red blood cells infected) and consist of multiple parasite taxa. By bioinformatically separating host and parasite transcripts and assigning them to the haemosporidian genus of origin, we found that transcriptomes detected ~23% more total parasite infections across all samples than were identified using microscopy and DNA barcoding. For single‐species infections, we obtained data for >1,300 loci from samples with as low as 0.03% parasitaemia, with the number of loci increasing with infection intensity. In total, we provide data for 1,502 single‐copy orthologous loci from a phylogenetically diverse set of 33 haemosporidian mitochondrial lineages. The metatranscriptomic approach described here has the potential to accelerate ecological and evolutionary research on haemosporidians and other diverse parasites.
Information control in the hold‐up problem
Authors: Nguyen Anh , Tan Teck Yong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe study the use of information control to mitigate hold‐up risks. We identify a distinction between asymmetric information that creates an ex ante investment incentive and asymmetric information that causes ex post inefficiency, which then allows ex post inefficiency to be eliminated without compromising the ex ante investment incentive. We characterize the properties of the optimal information structure and the payoffs and welfare achievable with information control in the presence of hold‐up risks.
Changes in Alcohol Intake During Pregnancy in Spain, 1980 to 2014
Authors: Romero‐Rodríguez Esperanza , Cuevas Lourdes , Simón Lorena ,   ECEMC Peripheral Group, Bermejo‐Sánchez Eva , Galán Iñaki 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundEven small amounts of alcohol consumed during pregnancy can have adverse effects on the embryo and the fetus. We estimated how alcohol intake among pregnant women in Spain changed between 1980 and 2014, and identified factors associated with alcohol use.MethodsData came from the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECEMC). The sample includes ECEMC′s control mothers, 40,268 pregnant women from all regions of Spain. We classified alcohol consumption during pregnancy into 3 categories: no consumption; sporadic consumption of small amounts of alcohol; and regular consumption, or sporadic but in large quantities including drunkenness. Independent variables included sociodemographic factors, planned/unplanned pregnancy, maternal chronic diseases, gestational diabetes, and tobacco and illegal drug use during pregnancy. Trend analyses were performed using data from 1980 to 2014. The multinomial logistic regression models designed to identify associated factors differentiated between 2 periods: 1994 to 2004 and 2005 to 2014.ResultsPrevalence of alcohol consumption declined from 29.6% (95% CI: 27.1 to 32.2) in 1980 to 5.4% (95% CI: 3.7 to 7.6) in 2014, mostly due to the reduction in regular intake. This decline was especially acute between 1980 and 1994. Sporadic and regular consumption increased among women working outside the home, born outside Spain, those whose pregnancy was unplanned, and those reporting using tobacco or other drugs. Comparing 1994 to 2004 versus 2005 to 2014, a stronger association was observed between regular alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption in the latter period (interaction p = 0.003).ConclusionsAlcohol consumption among expectant mothers has declined substantially in the last 35 years. However, it is worth highlighting the significant and substantial associations between alcohol use and consumption of tobacco, which have become stronger in the most recent years.
Inter Individual Variation and Factors Regulating the Formation of Phosphatidylethanol
Authors: Stenton Joanna , Walther Lisa , Hansson Therese , Andersson Anders , Isaksson Anders 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAlcohol use disorders are a major but often unrecognized health problem. Alcohol markers can therefore be of great value for diagnosis, follow‐up, and treatment evaluation. Phosphatidylethanol in blood (B‐PEth) is an alcohol biomarker with higher clinical sensitivity and specificity than commonly used alcohol markers but has shown a considerable interindividual variation in relation to reported consumption.MethodsAn in vitro system was used to investigate factors, which may affect the formation rate of PEth or which may give rise to interindividual variation in the rate of formation. In this system, isolated erythrocytes from 31 individuals were incubated in the presence of various concentrations of ethanol (EtOH). The concentration of PEth and phosphatidylcholine (PC), the parent molecule of PEth, was determined by chromatographic methods.ResultsTime, EtOH, and PC concentration were major factors determining the amount of PEth formed. The interindividual variation in PEth formation rate, calculated at an EtOH concentration of 50 mmol/l, showed a coefficient of variation (CV) from 23 to 31% for the different PEth forms studied (PEth 16:0/18:2, total PEth and PEth 16:0/18:1). The concentration of PC was found to be an important determinant of this variation. The formation rate for PEth 16:0/18:2 was somewhat higher than for PEth 16:0/18:1. The formation of PEth 16:0/18:1 but not PEth 16:0/18:2 showed a positive correlation to the concentration of PEth at baseline (endogenous PEth). Calculation of enzyme kinetics for the reaction resulting in the formation of PEth 16:0/18:1 or PEth 16:0/18:2 showed an apparent Km (Michaelis constant) of approximately 160 to 170 mmol/l.ConclusionsInterindividual variation in the formation rate of PEth appears to be a significant but relatively modest source of variation in the relation between B‐PEth and reported consumption. Correction for interindividual variation in PC concentrations might substantially reduce the interindividual variability in PEth formation and consequently in B‐PEth.