bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Types syntaxiques des énoncés de jeunes enfants en dialogue avec le père ou la mère
Authors: Heurdier Julien 
Published: January 2019

RésuméPeu d’études ont examiné les effets du statut de l’interlocuteur de l’enfant et des activités dans lesquelles les dyades parent-enfant interagissent sur les productions syntaxiques de l’enfant, et en particulier sur les types syntaxiques des énoncés qu’il produit (énoncés avec ou sans verbe, énoncés à présentatif). Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser l’effet de l’activité en cours et du statut de l’interlocuteur de l’enfant sur la production et les usages syntaxiques de dyades mère-enfant et père-enfant. De jeunes enfants francophones (dont l’âge est compris entre 3 et 4 ans) et leurs parents ont été observés dans deux activités : un jeu symbolique (sept enfants) et un jeu de cartes illustrées (cinq de ces sept enfants). Les différents types syntaxiques de leurs énoncés ont été analysés en considérant deux variables extralinguistiques reliées à l’usage de ces productions : le type d’activité et le statut de l’interlocuteur de l’enfant (mère ou père). Nos résultats suggèrent que le type d’activité et le statut de l’interlocuteur constituent deux variables – parmi d’autres – qui devraient être prises en compte afin de mieux décrire les usages syntaxiques des enfants et leurs variabilités.
Les structures verbales chez deux jeunes enfants francophones sourds profonds avec implant cochléaire
Authors: Vincent-Durroux Laurence , Martel Karine , Guiheneuf André , Vieu Adrienne 
Published: January 2019

Résumé
Avec en arrière-plan des travaux soulignant le déficit linguistique des jeunes sourds en morphosyntaxe, cet article porte sur les
structures verbales en contexte de surdité profonde et d’implantation précoce. Deux jeunes enfants sourds profonds francophones
implantés précocement ont été filmés en situation d’interaction ludique avec un adulte, 36 mois après implantation. Lors de ce
recueil, les deux enfants sont âgés de 54 mois et de 49 mois, respectivement. Notre étude se focalise sur les types de verbes
employés par les enfants et montre la capacité de ces derniers, 36 mois post-implant, à se conformer aux structures cibles par
l’emploi d’un sujet syntaxique, mais pas nécessairement par celle d’un complément. Les structures se diversifient, gagnent en
conformité syntaxique et les verbes-support apparaissent. Le recours aux pronoms co-référentiels se développe, avec une conformité
limitée aux emplois pronominaux ponctuels.
Elections and borderlands in Ghana
Authors: Raunet Robert-Nicoud Nathalie 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In the nationwide debates in the build-up to the Ghana elections of December 2016, the New Patriotic Party, then in the opposition, claimed that 76,000 individuals were registered on both the Togolese and the Ghanaian voters’ registers, casting doubt on the citizenship status of voters who crossed the border from Togo to vote in Ghana. The issues that political parties continually raise about the voters’ register result in recurrent debates about identification documents and belonging. This article poses the underlying questions that many election analyses overlook: who is the electorate? Who decides who belongs to the nation? I argue that the criteria for belonging are neither those that are set in the law, nor those that seem to be suggested by political parties, but those that are decided at a local level where communities are the real gatekeepers of the vote. This article contributes to the literature on elections in Africa by highlighting the porosity of borders in a mobile world, not purely in terms of electoral outcomes, but in terms of broader issues about citizenship and belonging.
Development of a required longitudinal residency experience focused on deprescribing
Authors: Pruskowski Jennifer , Sakely Heather , Handler Steven 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Purpose
In this article we describe a novel required longitudinal experience focused on deprescribing designed for postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) geriatric pharmacy residents. This experience was embedded within a clinical pharmacist–driven deprescribing service. Insights on challenges faced and benefits gained during the first offering are also highlighted.

Summary
Through collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (UPMC) Palliative and Supportive Institute and the UPMC St. Margaret PGY2 geriatric pharmacy residency program, a year-long required deprescribing-focused experience was developed and executed. The experience was aligned with the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists’ standard goals and objectives and was designed to focus and evaluate 3 skills necessary for all pharmacy practitioners: empathy, critical thinking, and communication. There is a need for proactive deprescribing initiatives to reduce the unnecessary burden and cost associated with potentially inappropriate medications for older patients. Focused deprescribing experiences can better equip pharmacist learners with the ability to lead these initiatives.

Conclusion
A required longitudinal deprescribing-focused experience can provide PGY2 geriatric pharmacy residents with opportunities to practice empathy, critical thinking, and communication beyond those typically offered in a residency program.
Novel Genetic Risk Variants Can Predict Anti-TNF Agent Response in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Wang Ming-Hsi , Friton Jessica J , Raffals Laura E , Leighton Jonathan A , Pasha Shabana F , Picco Michael F , Cushing Kelly C , Monroe Kelly , Nix Billy D , Newberry Rodney D , Faubion William A 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is important to identify patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] therapy, to avoid potential adverse effects and to adopt different treatment strategies. We aimed to identify and validate clinical and genetic factors to predict anti-TNF response in patients with IBD.Materials and MethodsMayo Clinic and Washington University IBD genetic association study cohorts were used as discovery and replicate datasets, respectively. Clinical factors included sex, age at diagnosis, disease duration and phenotype, disease location, bowel resection, tobacco use, family history of IBD, extraintestinal manifestations, and response to anti-TNF therapy.ResultsOf 474 patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF therapy, 41 [8.7%] were refractory to therapy and 433 [91.3%] had response. Multivariate analysis showed history of immunomodulator use (odds ratio 10.2, p = 8.73E-4) and bowel resection (odds ratio 3.24, p = 4.38E-4) were associated with refractory response to anti-TNF agents. Among genetic loci, two [rs116724455 in TNFSF4/18, rs2228416 in PLIN2] were successfully replicated and another four [rs762787, rs9572250, rs144256942, rs523781] with suggestive evidence were found. An exploratory risk model predictability [area under the curve] increased from 0.72 [clinical predictors] to 0.89 after adding genetic predictors. Through identified clinical and genetic predictors, we constructed a preliminary anti-TNF refractory score to differentiate anti-TNF non-responders (mean [standard deviation] score, 5.49 [0.99]) from responders (2.65 [0.39]; p = 4.33E-23).ConclusionsNovel and validated genetic loci, including variants in TNFSF, were found associated with anti-TNF response in patients with IBD. Future validation of the exploratory risk model in a large prospective cohort is warranted.
Medical donations are not always free: an assessment of compliance of medicine and medical device donations with World Health Organization guidelines (2009–2017)
Authors: McDonald Sally , Fabbri Alice , Parker Lisa , Williams Jane , Bero Lisa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Medicine and medical device donations have the potential to improve access to healthcare in some of the poorest parts of the world, but can do more harm than good. World Health Organization guidelines advise donors on how to make effective and useful donations. Our objective was to assess compliance of recent medicine or medical device donations with WHO guidelines from 2009 onwards. We searched media, academic and gray literature, including industry and organizational documents, to identify reports describing specific incidences of the donation of medicines or devices. We collected data on donation characteristics and guideline compliance. We identified 88 reports describing 53 donations. Most did not comply with at least some items in WHO guidelines and no reports provided sufficient information to assess compliance against all items. Donations that fail to comply with guidelines may be excessive, expired and/or burden recipient countries with storage and disposal costs. It was estimated that 40–70% of donated medical devices are not used as they are not functional, appropriate, or staff lack training. More effective donations involved needs assessments, training and the use of existing distribution networks. The donation of medicines and medical devices is frequently inadequately reported and at times inappropriate. Guidelines need to be enforced to ensure effective donations.
Effect of reliance on Xpert MTB/RIF on time to treatment and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Tanzania: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mollel Edson , Lekule Isack , Lynen Lutgarde , Decroo Tom 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
During 2009–2013, Xpert MTB/RIF testing was decentralized in Tanzania. Standardized treatment of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) was centralized at the Kibong’oto Infectious Diseases Hospital. Initially, Xpert MTB/RIF results were confirmed and complemented with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing before MDR-TB treatment was started. Since 2013, the decision to start MDR-TB treatment in patients with RR-TB relied on Xpert MTB/RIF results.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes (including death, lost to follow-up and treatment failure) was carried out.

Results
During the study period, 201 patients started MDR-TB treatment. The number of patients starting MDR-TB treatment increased over time. Out of 201 patients, 48 (23.9%) had an unsuccessful treatment outcome. The median time between sample collection and MDR-TB treatment initiation was reduced from 155 d (IQR 40–228) in the 2009–2012 period to 26 d (IQR 13–64) in 2013. Patients who started MDR-TB treatment in 2013 were more likely (adjusted OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1–4.7; p=0.02) to have an unsuccessful treatment outcome.

Conclusions
Xpert MTB/RIF testing increased enrolment on MDR-TB treatment. Reliance on Xpert MTB/RIF results to start MDR-TB treatment reduced time to treatment. However, treatment outcomes did not improve.
PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Anti-Müllerian hormone: a biomarker for the ovarian reserve, ovarian function, and fertility in dairy cows
Authors: Mossa Francesca , Ireland James J 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This review summarizes studies we conducted to test the hypothesis that size of the ovarian reserve (number of healthy follicles and oocytes in ovaries) positively impacts ovarian function and fertility in cattle. Key results, primarily in Bos taurus dairy cattle, show that antral follicle count (AFC) during follicular waves is highly variable between individuals, but very highly repeatable within individuals. Cycling heifers with low (≤15 follicles ≥3 mm, ~20% of a herd) vs. a high AFC (≥25, ~20% of a herd) have a smaller ovarian reserve, higher FSH but lower anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), androstenedione, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations. Moreover, cattle with low AFC have a thinner endometrium, decreased response of granulosal, thecal, or luteal cells to FSH or LH and a poorer response to superovulation compared to cattle with high AFC. Interestingly, cows with a very high AFC as heifers have reduced fertility, fewer lactations, and shorter herd longevity, whereas cows with a low vs. intermediate AFC have reduced fertility, fewer lactations, and shorter herd longevity. Anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations are static within individuals but highly positively correlated with AFC, but fertility is not correlated with circulating AMH concentration in heifers and dairy cows with low vs. a higher AMH as heifers have reduced fertility and a shorter herd longevity. Anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in dairy heifers are a moderately heritable trait (36%), and negatively impacted by inadequate maternal nutrition during early pregnancy or high maternal somatic cell count. We conclude that genetic or environmental manipulations of AMH could enhance size of the ovarian reserve and ovarian function, thereby improving fertility, response to superovulation, and longevity in dairy cows.
Discovery of standstills in the SU UMa-type dwarf nova NY Serpentis
Authors: Kato Taichi , Pavlenko Elena P , Pit Nikolaj V , Antonyuk Kirill A , Antonyuk Oksana I , Babina Julia V , Baklanov Aleksei V , Sosnovskij Aleksei A , Belan Sergey P , Maeda Yutaka , Sugiura Yuki , Sumiya Sho , Matsumoto Hanami , Ito Daiki , Nikai Kengo , Kojiguchi Naoto , Matsumoto Katsura , Dubovsky Pavol A , Kudzej Igor , Medulka Tomáš , Wakamatsu Yasuyuki , Ohnishi Ryuhei , Seki Takaaki , Isogai Keisuke , Simon Andrii O , Romanjuk Yaroslav O , Baransky Alexsandr R , Sergeev Aleksandr V , Godunova Vira G , Izviekova Inna O , Kozlov Volodymyr A , Sklyanov Aleksandr S , Zhuchkov Roman Ya , Gutaev Alexei G , Ponomarenko Vasyl O , Vasylenko Volodymyr V , Miller Ian , Kasai Kiyoshi , Dvorak Shawn , Menzies Kenneth , de Miguel Enrique , Brincat Stephen M , Pickard Roger D 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We found that the SU UMa-type dwarf nova NY Ser in the period gap [orbital period 0.097558(6) d] showed standstills twice in 2018. This is the first clear demonstration of a standstill occurring between superoutbursts of an SU UMa-type dwarf nova. There was no sign of superhumps during the standstill, and at least one superoutburst directly started from the standstill. This provides strong evidence that the 3:1 resonance was excited during standstills. This phenomenon indicates that the disk radius can grow during standstills. We also deduce that the condition close to the limit of the tidal instability caused early quenching of superoutbursts, which resulted in a substantial amount of matter left in the disk after the superoutburst. We think that substantial matter in the disk in a condition close to the limit of the tidal instability is responsible for standstills (as in the high-mass-transfer system NY Ser) or multiple rebrightenings (as in the low-mass-transfer system V1006 Cyg).
Pain Pathways and Nervous System Plasticity: Learning and Memory in Pain
Authors: McCarberg Bill , Peppin John 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjective This article reviews the structural and functional changes in pain chronification and explores the association between memory and the development of chronic pain.Methods PubMed was searched using the terms “chronic pain,” “central sensitization,” “learning,” “memory,” “long-term potentiation,” “long-term depression,” and “pain memory.” Relevant findings were synthesized into a narrative of the processes affecting pain chronification.Results Pain pathways represent a complex sensory system with cognitive, emotional, and behavioral influences. Anatomically, the hippocampus, amygdala, and anterior cortex—central to the encoding and consolidation of memory—are also implicated in experiential aspects of pain. Common neurotransmitters and similar mechanisms of neural plasticity (eg, central sensitization, long-term potentiation) suggest a mechanistic overlap between chronic pain and memory. These anatomic and mechanistic correlates indicate that chronic pain and memory intimately interact on several levels. Longitudinal imaging studies suggest that spatiotemporal reorganization of brain activity accompanies the transition to chronic pain, during which the representation of pain gradually shifts from sensory to emotional and limbic structures.Conclusions The chronification of pain can be conceptualized as activity-induced plasticity of the limbic–cortical circuitry resulting in reorganization of the neocortex. The state of the limbic–cortical network determines whether nociceptive signals are transient or chronic by extinguishing pathways or amplifying signals that intensify the emotional component of nociceptive inputs. Thus, chronic pain can be seen as the persistence of the memory of pain and/or the inability to extinguish painful memories. Ideally, pharmacologic, physical, and/or psychological approaches should reverse the reorganization accompanying chronic pain.
Insights into the anatomy and functional morphology of durophagous mosasaurines (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from a new species of Globidens from Morocco
Authors: Leblanc Aaron R H , Mohr Sydney R , Caldwell Michael W 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Durophagous mosasaurs are rare members of Late Cretaceous marine faunal assemblages and new fossil discoveries can shed light on their anatomy, functional morphology and evolutionary history. Here we describe a new species in the durophagous genus Globidens from the Maastrichtian phosphate deposits of Morocco, based on a partial disarticulated skull and cervical vertebral series. This new species shares many anatomical similarities with the only other described Maastrichtian species, G. phosphaticus, but differs in several key features, including the absence of pronounced swellings and sulci on the crushing teeth and the absence of cervical zygosphenes and zygantra. Histological thin sections of a rib from the holotype show that this was not a juvenile individual and reveal osteosclerotic-like bone compactness for the first time in a paddle-bearing mosasaurine. We interpret the highly compact ribs, as well as several peculiarities of the temporal arcade and lower jaws, as adaptations to a diet of benthic, hard-bodied prey.
Survey of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Use of a Motion/Sound Infant Seat
Authors: Holmes Margaret , Wright Mary Ellen 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Perinatal substance exposure is an increasing concern in infants being cared for in neonatal intensive care units. Current recommendations support nonpharmacologic treatments for this population of infants. Multimodal (motion, sound) seats are often employed to soothe infants.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to survey neonatal intensive care unit nurses on their practices regarding the use of a motion/sound infant seat.

Methods:
Sixty-six nurses (52% of 126 total nurses) completed the survey about their self-disclosed practices that included (1) reasons for use; (2) rationale for choice of settings of motion and sound; (3) duration of time infants spent in seat in one session; (4) perception of positive infant response; (5) who places infants in the seat; and (6) nursing instructions dispensed prior to use.

Results:
Chief reasons for use were infant state, lack of persons to hold infants, and a diagnosis of neonatal abstinence syndrome. Rationale for choice of motion and sound settings included trial and error, prior settings, personal preferences/patterns, assumptions, and random selection. Nurse responses regarding the amount of time the infant was placed in the seat in a single session ranged from 10 to 360 minutes, with determining factors of infant cues, sleeping, feeding, and someone else to hold the infant.

Implications for Practice:
As nonpharmacologic treatments evolve, nurses need guidelines for safe, effective interventions to care for infants.

Implications for Research:
Further research is necessary to ascertain the responses of withdrawing infants and to establish guidelines and education for use of the motion/sound infant seat.
Use of Native Type I Collagen Matrix Plus Polyhexamethylene Biguanide for Chronic Wound Treatment
Authors: Oropallo Alisha R. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Chronic wounds represent a significant financial burden to the healthcare system and a quality-of-life burden to patients. Many chronic wounds have elevated bioburden in the form of biofilm, which has been associated with delayed wound healing. This study examined the use of a native type I collagen matrix with the antimicrobial polyhexamethylene biguanide (PCMP) in the management of bioburden and treatment of chronic, nonhealing wounds over 12 weeks.

Methods:
A prospective case series of PCMP enrolled adults ≥18 years old with a nonhealing wound. At week 0, the wound was prepared by sharp or mechanical debridement. Patients received standard wound care plus PCMP applications at week 0 and then weekly up to week 12 at the investigator’s discretion. Dressings were applied over PCMP to fix it in place. At each visit, wounds were assessed for the extent of healing and signs of wound infection.

Results:
Of the 41 wounds studied, 44% were pressure ulcers, 22% were surgical wounds, 12% were venous ulcers, 10% were diabetic ulcers, and 12% were another type. The median (interquartile range) baseline wound area was 7.2 (14.9) cm2, and the mean wound duration was 103 weeks. Of the 41 wounds, 73% demonstrated a reduction in wound area at 12 weeks, and 37% achieved complete wound closure, with a mean time of 6.7 weeks to complete closure.

Conclusion:
PCMP treatment appeared to positively impact the course of wound healing in a variety of complex, chronic wounds that were unresponsive to prior treatment.
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients
Authors: Dégi Arianna Amália , Bárczi Adrienn , Szabó Dolóresz , Kis Éva , Reusz György S. , Dezsőfi Antal 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:Cardiovascular (CV) diseases play a leading role in the mortality of adult liver transplant (LT) recipients. However, data regarding CV risk factors in children after LT remain sparse. The present study assessed the presence of CV risk factors and signs of CV impairment in LT children.Methods:A total of 42 LT recipients (21 men, age 9.93 ± 3.57 years) were studied. Body composition [body mass index standard deviation score, percentage of body fat (by bioimpedance analysis)], lipid profiles, glycemic control, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness [assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV)] were evaluated. The effect of different treatment modalities [tacrolimus (TAC) (n = 30) or cyclosporine (CyA) (n = 11)] was also analyzed.Results:Almost 18% of children were overweight or obese. Patients on TAC had a significantly higher body fat mass and percentage of body fat compared with the CyA group (P < 0.02). Borderline to high lipid values were present in 40% of patients. Children on CyA had higher serum cholesterol levels compared to TAC (P < 0.004). Nineteen percent of patients had hypertension. Half of the patients had glomerular filtration rate values <90 mL/min/1.73 m2, whereas PWV values were above the 95th percentile in 12%.Conclusions:Increased body fat, chronic kidney disease, high lipid content, hypertension, and increased arterial stiffness are already present and are in part related to the type of immunosuppression regimen in LT children >5 years following transplantation. Long‐term follow‐up is needed to evaluate their impact on CV health and survival.