bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalable fabrication of printed Zn//MnO2 planar micro-batteries with high volumetric energy density and exceptional safety
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zheng Shuanghao , Zhou Feng , Qin Jieqiong , Shi Xiaoyu , Wang Sen , Sun Chenglin , Bao Xinhe , Wu Zhong-Shuai 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The rapid development of printed and microscale electronics imminently requires compatible micro-batteries (MBs) with high performance, applicable scalability, and exceptional safety, but faces great challenges from the ever-reported stacked geometry. Herein the first printed planar prototype of aqueous-based, high-safety Zn//MnO2 MBs, with outstanding performance, aesthetic diversity, flexibility and modularization, is demonstrated, based on interdigital patterns of Zn ink as anode and MnO2 ink as cathode, with high-conducting graphene ink as a metal-free current collector, fabricated by an industrially scalable screen-printing technique. The planar separator-free Zn//MnO2 MBs, tested in neutral aqueous electrolyte, deliver a high volumetric capacity of 19.3 mAh/cm3 (corresponding to 393 mAh/g) at 7.5 mA/cm3, and notable volumetric energy density of 17.3 mWh/cm3, outperforming lithium thin-film batteries (≤10 mWh/cm3). Furthermore, our Zn//MnO2 MBs present long-term cyclability having a high capacity retention of 83.9% after 1300 cycles at 5 C, which is superior to stacked Zn//MnO2 batteries previously reported. Also, Zn//MnO2 planar MBs exhibit exceptional flexibility without observable capacity decay under serious deformation, and remarkably serial and parallel integration of constructing bipolar cells with high voltage and capacity output. Therefore, low-cost, environmentally benign Zn//MnO2 MBs with in-plane geometry possess huge potential as high-energy, safe, scalable and flexible microscale power sources for direction integration with printed electronics.
Voicing Dissent: Heresy Trials in Later Medieval England*
Authors: Arnold John H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recent work on medieval heresy has emphasized the ‘constructedness’ of heresy by orthodox power, thus undermining the coherence of heretical sects and tending to suggest that those tried as heretics were essentially unwitting victims. This article examines the evidence from the entire range of surviving Lollard trials, and argues that we can see consciously ‘dissenting’ speech alongside the standard theological positions associated with (and perhaps imposed upon) Lollardy. In each area of dissent anticlerical, sceptical, disputational and rebellious a wider cultural context is explored, demonstrating that the language of dissent is not limited to ‘Lollardy’; at the same time however it is argued that it is precisely through the voicing and reception of such wider referents that a heretical movement comes to exist. The article traces trends in medieval speech through which specific opinions and beliefs are voiced as a challenge, and the linguistic and social contexts within which they give rise to wider meanings—including collective identifications. Thus, whilst we may wish to foreground the impositions of power and orthodoxy that ‘made’ heresy, we should not make ‘heretics’ disappear completely. Through the records of prosecution, we can still hear something of the voices of those who chose to voice dissent; and we can give recognition to that choice as a form of dissenting agency—dependent also however on the reception and interpretation of those voices by neighbours, witnesses and inquisitors.
Implicate or Exonerate? The Impact of Police Body-Worn Cameras on the Adjudication of Drug and Alcohol Cases
Authors: White Michael D , Gaub Janne E , Malm Aili , Padilla Kathleen E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Drug and alcohol offences represent a significant portion of police work. Officers commonly rely on subjective indicators of intoxication, and prosecutors depend on officer evidence collection, written reports, and testimony at trial. Police body-worn cameras (BWCs) have diffused widely in policing partly due to their perceived evidentiary value, but the extent to which BWCs affect the adjudication of such offences remains unanswered. The current study explores this question with 7,000 misdemeanour cases from Tempe (Arizona), filed from 2014 to 2017. The Tempe Police Department deployed BWCs from November 2015 to May 2016. Results indicate that BWCs had no impact on guilty outcomes, but cameras were associated with significantly shorter time to adjudication. We discuss the important policy implications of these thought-provoking findings.
A negative D-dimer identifies patients at low risk of death within 30 days: a prospective observational emergency department cohort study
Authors: Lyngholm L E , Nickel C H , Kellett J , Chang S , Cooksley T , Brabrand M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
To determine the ability of a normal D-dimer level (<0.5 mg/l) to identify emergency department (ED) patients at low risk of 30-day all-cause mortality.

Design
In this prospective observational study, D-dimer levels of adult medical patients were assessed at arrival to the ED. Data on 30-day survival status were extracted from the Danish Civil Registration System with complete follow-up.

Setting
The Hospital of South West Jutland.

Patients
All patients aged 18 years or older who required any blood sample on a clinical indication on arrival to the ED. Participants were required to give written informed consent before enrollment.

Main results
The study population of 1 518 patients with median age 66 years of which 49.4% were female. Of the 791 (52.1%) patients with normal D-dimer levels, 3 (0.4%) died within 30 days; one death resulted from an unrelated traumatic accident. Of the 727 (47.9%) patients with abnormal D-dimer levels (≥0.50 mg/l), 32 (4.4%) died within 30 days. Patients with normal D-dimer levels had a significantly lower 30-day mortality compared to patients with abnormal D-dimer levels (odds ratio 0.08, 95% CI 0.02–0.28): of the 35 patients who died within 30 days, 19 (54.3%) had normal or near normal vital signs when first assessed.

Conclusion
Normal D-dimer levels identified patients at low risk of 30-day mortality. Since most patients who died within 30 days presented with normal or near normal vital signs, D-dimer levels appear to provide additional prognostic information.
Symmetry in Pay for Luck
Authors: Daniel Naveen D , Li Yuanzhi , Naveen Lalitha 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this study, we take a comprehensive look at asymmetry in pay for luck, which is the finding that CEOs are rewarded for good luck, but are not penalized to the same extent for bad luck. Our main takeaway, which is based on over 200 different specifications, is that there is no asymmetry in pay for luck. Our finding is important given that the literature widely accepts the idea of asymmetry in pay for luck and typically points to this as evidence of rent extraction. (JEL G32, G34)
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
PartCrafter: find, generate and analyze BioParts
Authors: Scher Emily , Cohen Shay B , Sanguinetti Guido 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The field of Synthetic Biology is both practically and philosophically reliant on the idea of BioParts—concrete DNA sequences meant to represent discrete functionalities. While there are a number of software tools which allow users to design complex DNA sequences by stitching together BioParts or genetic features into genetic devices, there is a lack of tools assisting Synthetic Biologists in finding BioParts and in generating new ones. In practice, researchers often find BioParts in an ad hoc way. We present PartCrafter, a tool which extracts and aggregates genomic feature data in order to facilitate the search for new BioParts with specific functionalities. PartCrafter can also turn a genomic feature into a BioPart by packaging it according to any manufacturing standard, codon optimizing it for a new host, and removing forbidden sites. PartCrafter is available at partcrafter.com.
The Multispecies Coalescent Over-Splits Species in the Case of Geographically Widespread Taxa
Authors: Chambers E Anne , Hillis David M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMany recent species delimitation studies rely exclusively on limited analyses of genetic data analyzed under the multispecies coalescent (MSC) model, and results from these studies often are regarded as conclusive support for taxonomic changes. However, most MSC-based species delimitation methods have well-known and often unmet assumptions. Uncritical application of these genetic-based approaches (without due consideration of sampling design, the effects of a priori group designations, isolation by distance, cytoplasmic–nuclear mismatch, and population structure) can lead to over-splitting of species. Here, we argue that in many common biological scenarios, researchers must be particularly cautious regarding these limitations, especially in cases of well-studied, geographically variable, and parapatrically distributed species complexes. We consider these points with respect to a historically controversial species group, the American milksnakes (Lampropeltis triangulum complex), using genetic data from a recent analysis (Ruane et al. 2014). We show that over-reliance on the program Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography, without adequate consideration of its assumptions and of sampling limitations, resulted in over-splitting of species in this study. Several of the hypothesized species of milksnakes instead appear to represent arbitrary slices of continuous geographic clines. We conclude that the best available evidence supports three, rather than seven, species within this complex. More generally, we recommend that coalescent-based species delimitation studies incorporate thorough analyses of geographic variation and carefully examine putative contact zones among delimited species before making taxonomic changes.
Sensor analysis and initial assessment of detectable first hoof contacts and last break-overs as unique signal fluctuations for equine gait analysis
Authors: Atkins Colton A , Pond Kevin R , Madsen Christi K , Moorman Valerie J , Roman-Muniz Ivette N , Archibeque Shawn L , Grandin Temple 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of the control study was to assess 2 prominent fluctuations in a single optical signal as being either a true first hoof contact or a last break-over based on descriptive measures. The study builds on initial findings from a preliminary investigation of the embedded-optical-base system’s (EOBS) capabilities in signal capturing and feasibility as potential alternative to existing gait technologies, such as piezoelectric (e.g., load cell) systems. Hoof contacts and break-overs were measured (0 to 1 au; arbitrary units) using a 2.4-m (length) × 0.9-m (width) platform containing 1 EOBS. Three mixed-breed horses (n = 3) were injected with saline or either 100 IU or 200 IU Botox (i.e., onabotulinumtoxinA) with a 2.5-mL final volume. Injections were made into the deep digital flexor muscle at the motor end plates, with electromyography and ultrasound guidance. Horses were observed for 3 time points (pre-, post-, and recovery test days) over the span of a 4-mo period. Signal fluctuations [i.e., amplitude of hoof impacts based on true first hoof contacts (ΔSTS) and true last break-overs (ΔSTL)] and kinematics [i.e., complete gait pass (CGP) time duration (T)] were recorded from each horse. Visual observations and video analysis were used for determining gait pattern categories. Individual horse measurements were analyzed for each trial, compared with video data and classified. Comparison of primary signal fluctuations (i.e., ΔSTS vs. ΔSTL; forelimb vs. hindlimb) exhibited significant differences between hoof contacts and break-overs (P &lt; 0.05). Right and left forelimb hoof contacts and hindlimb break-overs were not significantly different (P = 0.966; 0.063 ± 0.135; Estimate ± SE; P = 0.606; 0.176 ± 0.142; Estimate ± SE, respectively). Additionally, treatment vs. saline forelimbs did not exhibit significant difference (P = 0.7407; −0.098 ± 0.279; Estimate ± SE). Overall, data showed that the EOBS can collect repeatable and unique primary signal fluctuations as prominent and different gait measurements providing evidence to further development and research of the sensing system.
Gauging genetic diversity of generalists: A test of genetic and ecological generalism with RNA virus experimental evolution
Authors: Zhao Lele , Duffy Siobain 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGeneralist viruses, those with a comparatively larger host range, are considered more likely to emerge on new hosts. The potential to emerge in new hosts has been linked to viral genetic diversity, a measure of evolvability. However, there is no consensus on whether infecting a larger number of hosts leads to higher genetic diversity, or whether diversity is better maintained in a homogeneous environment, similar to the lifestyle of a specialist virus. Using experimental evolution with the RNA bacteriophage phi6, we directly tested whether genetic generalism (carrying an expanded host range mutation) or environmental generalism (growing on heterogeneous hosts) leads to viral populations with more genetic variation. Sixteen evolved viral lineages were deep sequenced to provide genetic evidence for population diversity. When evolved on a single host, specialist and generalist genotypes both maintained the same level of diversity (measured by the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) above 1%, P = 0.81). However, the generalist genotype evolved on a single host had higher SNP levels than generalist lineages under two heterogeneous host passaging schemes (P = 0.001, P < 0.001). RNA viruses’ response to selection in alternating hosts reduces standing genetic diversity compared to those evolving in a single host to which the virus is already well-adapted.
Trying to Do What Is Best
Authors: Rockefeller Katherin , Macken Lynda C. , Craig Alexa 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The maternal experience of caring for and bonding with infants affected by neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) has not been adequately characterized.

Purpose:
This study was designed to describe mothers' experiences of, supports for, and barriers to bonding with infants with NAS.

Methods:
Semistructured interviews were coded using computer-assisted thematic content analysis. A code co-occurrence model was used to visualize the relationships between themes.

Results:
Thirteen mothers of infants with NAS participated. Trying to Do What Is Best emerged as the overarching theme with which several subthemes co-occurred. Subthemes that captured mothers loving their infants and bonding, feeling supported by the infants' fathers, feeling supported in the community, and receiving information from hospital staff were associated with mothers' trying to do what is best. Barriers to trying to do what is best included feeling unsupported in the community, guilt about taking medications or substances during pregnancy, feeling judged, and infant withdrawal.

Implications for Practice:
Specific implications for practice may be derived from the mothers' criticisms of NAS assessment tools. Mothers highlighted the value of reassurance and education from providers and the uniquely nonjudgmental support received from peers and male coparents.

Implications for Research:
There is a lack of information about maternal–infant bonding in dyads affected by NAS and factors that contribute to parental loss of custody. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies in diverse populations might help researchers better understand the long-term outcomes of NAS and develop interventions that decrease family separation.
Do Patient-specific or Fracture-specific Factors Predict the Development of Acute Compartment Syndrome After Pediatric Tibial Shaft Fractures?
Authors: Villarreal Eric D. , Wrenn Jesse O. , Sheffer Benjamin W. , Sawyer Jeffrey R. , Spence David D. , Kelly Derek M. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Tibial shaft fractures are the most common injuries preceding acute compartment syndrome (ACS), so it is important to understand the incidence of and risk factors for ACS after pediatric tibial shaft fractures. The purposes of this study were to determine the rate at which ACS occurs and if any patient or fracture characteristics are significantly associated with developing ACS.

Methods:
All patients aged 5 to 17 years treated for a tibial shaft fracture at a level 1 pediatric trauma center, a level 1 adult trauma center, and an outpatient orthopaedic practice between 2008 and 2016 were retrospectively identified. Demographics, mechanisms of injury, and fracture characteristics were collected from the medical records. Radiographs were reviewed by study authors. ACS was diagnosed clinically or by intracompartmental pressure measurement. Univariable analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test for nominal variables and simple logistic regression for continuous variables. Multivariable analysis was performed using stepwise logistic regression.

Results:
Among 515 patients with 517 tibial shaft fractures, 9 patients (1.7%) with 10 (1.9%) fractures developed ACS at a mean age of 15.2 years compared with a mean age of 11 years in patients without ACS (P=0.001). One patient with bilateral tibial fractures developed ACS bilaterally. Age greater than 14 years (P=0.006), higher body mass index (P<0.001), motorcycle or motor vehicle accidents (P=0.034), comminuted and segmental tibial shaft fractures (P<0.001), ipsilateral fibular fracture (P=0.002), and associated orthopaedic injuries (P=0.032) were all significantly more common in the ACS group.

Conclusions:
ACS developed in 1.7% of the patients with tibial shaft fractures in this retrospective study—a rate significantly lower than previously reported. Age greater than 14 years, higher body mass index, motor vehicle or motorcycle accidents, comminuted or segmental fracture pattern, ipsilateral fibular fracture, and associated orthopaedic injuries are all significantly associated with its development.

Levels of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Lymphovascular Invasion in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Boothe Dustin , Wolfson Aaron , Christensen Michael , Francis Samual , Werner Theresa L. , Gaffney David K. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is a known prognostic factor for endometrial carcinomas. However, LVSI as a determinant of treatment benefit has not been fully elucidated.

Methods and Materials:
Data from the National Cancer Database for endometrial cancer from 2004 to 2012 was obtained. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to assess the impact of LVSI on overall survival (OS). Survival analysis was performed utilizing log-rank and Kaplan-Meier analyses. The difference in OS between external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) in LVSI-positive patients was analyzed with propensity score matching.

Results:
A total of 32,150 patients with surgical stage I to III endometrial carcinomas were available for analysis with a median follow-up of 30 months. Twenty-nine percent were LVSI positive and received adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) more often than if LVSI negative (57% vs. 37%). On multivariate analysis, LVSI (hazard ratio, 1.94; P<0.01) was associated with an increased risk of death. aRT improved OS for LVSI-negative patients (87% without aRT, 90% with aRT; P=0.006). aRT was particularly effective in LVSI-positive patients: all stages of LVSI-positive patients were associated with an OS benefit (P<0.01), whereas among LVSI-negative patients, only stage III benefited from aRT (P<0.01). After propensity score match, there was no OS difference between EBRT and VBT among LVSI-positive patients (hazard ratio, 1.15; P=0.44).

Conclusions:
LVSI is an independent prognostic factor in locoregional endometrial carcinomas. aRT benefited all stages of LVSI-positive patients, but only stage III of LVSI-negative patients. Among LVSI-positive patients, we did not find an OS difference between adjuvant EBRT versus VBT.
The Relative Importance of Sleep Duration and Bedtime Routines for the Social-Emotional Functioning of Chinese Children
Authors: Ren Lixin , Hu Bi Ying 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Although the importance of sleep has been widely supported by empirical research, researchers have only recently linked sleep to children's social-emotional development. This study aimed to investigate 2 aspects of sleep—namely, sleep duration and bedtime routines—in relation to the social skills and problem behavior in a group of Chinese school-aged children.

Method:
This study involved 228 Chinese children (mean age = 8.32 years). Parents reported their child's sleep duration, the consistency of bedtime routines, and social-emotional functioning.

Results:
Both sleep duration and the consistency of bedtime routines had unique contributions to children's social-emotional functioning. Sex differences were found regarding the sleep-child adjustment link. Sleep duration was negatively associated with child problem behavior for both boys and girls. However, the relationship between bedtime routines and social skills was more pronounced for boys, while the relation between sleep duration and social skills was more evident for girls.

Conclusion:
Our findings highlight the importance of consistent bedtime routines and adequate sleep for the social-emotional development of Chinese school-aged children.
CHANGES IN TOTAL AND INNER RETINAL THICKNESSES IN TYPE 1 DIABETES WITH NO RETINOPATHY AFTER 8 YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Pinilla Isabel , Idoipe Miriam , Perdices Lorena , Sanchez-Cano Ana , Acha Javier , Lopez-Galvez Maria Isabel , Cuenca Nicolas , Abecia Emilio , Orduna-Hospital Elvira 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate changes in retinal layer thickness in patients with Type 1 diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy after 8 years of follow-up.

Methods:
Ninety Type 1 diabetes and 60 control eyes were studied. Changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, and inner nuclear layer thicknesses in all Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study areas were evaluated.

Results:
The mean ages were 42.93 ± 13.62 and 41.52 ± 13.05 years in the diabetic and control group, respectively. In 2009, total retinal thickness was higher in diabetic patients; differences were statistically significant in all except the nasal areas. In both groups, the mean foveal thickness remained the same during the 8 years. Among diabetic patients, there was a significant reduction in total retinal thickness in all areas excluding the outer temporal one; controls only in the inferior areas. The thickness loss was due to the thinning of the inner retinal layers (inner nuclear layer, ganglion cell layer, and retinal nerve fiber layer). The controls showed a significant diminution in the retinal nerve fiber layer and in the ganglion cell layer areas. The inner nuclear layer showed a diminution in the diabetes mellitus group.

Conclusion:
Before the onset of diabetic retinopathy, Type 1 diabetes patients experience a diminution of their inner retinal layer thicknesses over time, supporting the hypothesis of retinal neurodegeneration.