bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifungal Resistance in Patients with Candidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Aldardeer Namareq , Albar Hadiel , Al-Attas Majda , Eldali Abdelmoneim , Qutub Mohammed , Hassanien Ashraf , Alraddadi Basem 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Candidaemia is the most common form of invasive candidiasis. Resistant Candida blood stream infection (BSI) is rising, with limitations on the development of broader-spectrum antifungal agents worldwide. Our study aimed to identify the rate of antifungal-resistant candidaemia and the distribution of these species, determine the risk factors associated with antifungal resistance and evaluate the association of antifungal-resistant candidaemia with the length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay and with 30-day mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Adult patients diagnosed with candidaemia from January 2006 to December 2017 were included. Results: A total of 196 BSIs were identified in 94 males (49.74%) and 95 females (50.26%). C. glabrata was the most commonly isolated Candida species, with 59 (30%), followed by C. albicans with 46 (23%). Susceptibility data were available for 122/189 patients, of whom 26/122 (21%) were resistant to one or more antifungals. C. parapsilosis with available sensitivity data were found in 30/122 isolates, of which 10/30 (33%) were resistant to fluconazole. Risk factors significantly associated with antifungal-resistant candidaemia included previous echinocandin exposure (odds ratio (OR) =1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.02-1.85); P= 0.006) and invasive ventilation (OR=1.3; 95% CI (1.08-1.57); P= 0.005). The median length of ICU stay was 29 days [range 12-49 days] in the antifungal-resistant group and 18 days [range 6.7-37.5 days] in the antifungal-sensitive group. The median length of hospital stay was 51 days [range 21-138 days] in the antifungal-resistant group and 35 days [range 17-77 days] in the antifungal-sensitive group. Thirty-day mortality was 15 (57.7%) and 54 (56.25%) among the antifungal-resistant and antifungal-sensitive groups, respectively (OR=1.01; 95% CI (0.84-1.21); P= 0.89).Conclusions: Our results indicate an increase in the rate of non-C. albicans candidaemia. The rise in C. parapsilosis resistance to fluconazole is alarming. Further studies are required to confirm this finding
Effects of dexmedetomidine on porcine pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Sato Kenichi , Chikuda Mami 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The α 2 -receptor agonist dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been shown to produce sedative and analgesic effects not only with systemic administration but also when administered in the extradural space and around peripheral nerves. The effects and mechanism of action of Dex on pulmonary arteries, however, have not been determined. This study therefore aimed to investigate the effect of Dex on pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle by evaluating changes in isometric contraction tension. We then attempted to determine the effects of Dex on depolarization stimulation and receptor stimulation.
Methods: Endothelium-denuded porcine pulmonary arteries were sliced into 2- to 3-mm rings. We then exposed them to certain substances at various concentrations under different conditions of baseline stimulation (with KCl, adrenaline, caffeine, or histamine) and to α 2 -receptor stimulants or antagonists, or α 1 -receptor antagonists (imidazoline, yohimbine, rauwolscine, prazosin), and different conditions of Ca 2+ depletion of the intracellular reservoir or extracellular stores. We measured the changes in isometric contraction tension with each addition or change in conditions.
Results: Dex enhanced the contraction induced by high-concentration KCl stimulation. Dex-induced enhancement of contraction induced by high-concentration KCl was completely suppressed by yohimbine and rauwolscine, which are α 2 -receptor antagonists, but not by prazosin. Dex, imidazoline, yohimbine, and rauwolscine reduced the increases in contraction tension induced by the receptor stimulant adrenaline. Dex suppressed the adrenaline-induced increases in contraction tension after depletion of the Ca 2+ reservoir. In the absence of extracellular Ca 2+ , Dex suppressed the adrenaline- and histamine-induced increases in contraction tension but did not affect caffeine-induced increases.
Conclusions: Dex-enhanced, high-concentration KCl-induced contraction was mediated by α 2 -receptors. Adrenaline-induced contraction was suppressed by the α 2 -receptor stimulant Dex and α 2 -receptor antagonists yohimbine and rauwolscine, suggesting that the effect of Dex on adrenaline-induced contraction is attributable to its α 2 -receptor-blocking action. Dex inhibited receptor-activated Ca 2+ channels and phosphatidylinositol-1,4,5-triphosphate-induced Ca 2+ release but not Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release.
The effect of Sang-qi Granules on blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in stageI or II hypertension: study protocol for a randomized double-blind double-simulation controlled trial
Authors: Shi Haoyue , Yang Deshuang , Qiao Jiajun , Sun Rui , Li Ruihan , Zhu Chunlin , Jing Ruiqing , Liu Liping , Huang Li , li lin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Hypertension is an important worldwide public health challenge because of its high prevalence and concomitant risks of cardiovascular disease. It induces half of the coronary heart disease and approximately two-thirds of the cerebrovascular disease burdens. Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays important roles in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. Sang-qi Granules (SQG), a Chinese herbal formula, is used to treat I or II hypertension. Several animal experimental studies have shown that SQG can lower blood pressure and myocardial fibrosis by suppressing inflammatory responses. However, there is no standard clinical trial to confirm this and whether SQG can improve endothelial cell function is unknown.Methods

In this randomized, double-blind, double-simulation controlled trial, 300 patients with stage I or II hypertension will be recruited and randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to group A(treatment with SQG and placebo of Cozaar), group B (treatment with Cozaar and placebo of SQG), and group C (treatment with SQG and Cozaar). SQG (or its placebo) will be administrated twice a day at the doze of 10g each time, and 50mg Cozaar(or its placebo) will be administrated once in the morning. The primary endpoint is the drug efficiency of the each three groups. The secondary endpoints are the change of average systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the day and the night, the change of blood pressure drop rate at night, target organ damage assessment (heart rate variability, ankle-brachial index and pulse wave velocity), symptoms improvement assessment (hypertension symptom scale, TCM syndrome integral scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Short Form-36 Health Survey), blood lipids, serum indicators of vascular function (changes in serum ET-1, TXA2, NO, PGI2 values) and safety indicators.Discussion

This study will provide clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of SQG in the treatment of hypertension. Meanwhile, the possible mechanism of SQG for lowering blood pressure will be further explored by observing the protective effect of SQG on vascular endothelial function, as well as its effect on related clinical symptoms, risk factors and target organs of hypertension.
Apoptosis of Leukemia Cells by Ocimum basilicum Fractions Following TNF alpha Induced Activation of JNK and Caspase 3
Authors: Rehan Touseef , MacEwan David , Shah Nasrullah , Rehan Tabassum , Tahira Riffat , Murad Sheeba , Anees Mariam , Murtaza Iram , Farman Muhammad , Abid Obaid-ur-Rahman , Sultan Aneesa 
Published: October 2019

Purpose:
Leukemia, one of the major cancers, affects a large proportion of people around the world.
Better treatment options for leukemia are required due to a large number of side effects associated with current
therapeutic regimens. In the present study, we sought to determine the pathway of triggering apoptosis of leukemic
cells by Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) plant extract.

Materials/Methods:
Methanolic extract of the O. basilicum plant material was prepared. The crude extract was
fractionated into several fractions through column chromatography using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as eluting
solvents. Cell viability of leukemic cells was assessed via Cell titer GLO assay and apoptosis was measured
through Annexin V/PI staining. Two apoptotic molecules JNK and caspases were analyzed through western blotting
while pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, CCL2 and CXCL8 using qPCR. Fractions were characterized
through LC-MS.

Results:
The most potent with lowest IC50 values among the fractions were BF2 (2:8 n-hexane:ethyl acetate) and
BF3 (3:7 n-hexane:ethyl acetate). Cytotoxicity was associated with apoptosis. Apoptosis was found caspasedependent
and P-JNK activation was detected sustained. A significant increase in the level of TNF α and a decrease
in the level of CXCL8 were observed in BF2 and BF3 treated cells.

Conclusion:
The fractions of O. basilicum extract were found to kill cells following JNK pathway activation.
Excellent results were obtained with BF2 and BF3 probably due to predominant Epicatechin and Cinnamic acid
derivatives in these fractions.
Preparation and Characterization of Agar Based Magnetic Nanocomposite for Potential Biomedical Applications
Authors: Shah Nasrullah , Zaman Tahir , Rehan Touseef , Khan Salman , Khan Waliullah , Khan Abbas , Ul-Islam Mazhar 
Published: October 2019

Purpose:
The purpose of the present study was to make a biocompatible agar based composite material
via incorporation of appropriate additives within the agar matrix for potential applications in drug delivery and
biomedical fields.

Methodology:
Agar based composites were prepared by the incorporation of magnetic iron oxide nano particles,
graphite and sodium aluminum as additives in different proportions within the agar matrix by a simple thermophysico-
mechanical method. The as prepared agar based composites were then characterized by different techniques
i.e. FTIR, SEM, TGA, XRD and EDX analyses. The FTIR peaks confirmed the presence of each component
in the agar composite. SEM images showed the uniform distribution of each component in the agar composite.
TGA study showed the thermal stability range of different composite sheets. XRD pattern revealed the crystallinity
and EDX analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the prepared composites. The prepared agar
based composites were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against three pathogenic bacterial strains Escherichia
coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia and the result indicated efficient antimicrobial activities
for all composites.

Conclusions:
From the overall study, it was concluded that due to the non-toxic nature, thermal stability and excellent
antibacterial properties, the prepared agar based composites can receive potential biomedical applications.
Comparative Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Cellulose from Local Waste and Cheap Resources
Authors: Mazhar Ul-Islam  
Published: October 2019

Background:
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been extensively utilized in a wide range of applications
specifically in the biomedical field thanks to its excellent physico-chemical and biological features. The major
limitation restricting its application in certain areas is its high production cost. Its widespread applications demand
exploration of alternative production media compared to the existing expensive ones. Herein, an effort has
been made to utilize waste and cheaply available local resources including; waste (expired) orange juice (WOJ),
sugarcane juice (SC) and coconut water (CW) as alternative media for BC production in comparison to the synthetic
media (control).

Methods:
Waste and cheap resources were collected from the local market, screened filtered and optimized for
the development of BC culture media. BC production from all media was observed under static cultivation for 10
days. The results indicated 2.75, 2.56, 3.32 and 1.68 g/L BC production that corresponded to 27.5%, 21.7 %, 20.1
% and 31.6 % sugar to BC conversion from control, WOJ, SC and CW media, respectively. Morphology and
crystalline features of produced BC samples were observed through FE-SEM and XRD analysis. It was noteworthy
that BC produced from all alternative sources indicated high water holding capabilities (WHC) and water
retention time (WRT) that augment their applicability in drug delivery and wound healing applications.

Conclusion:
The BC production from cheap resources and its high physical, mechanical and biological properties
can be of high interest for scaling up and commercialization of BC production processes. Furthermore, its liquidabsorbing
capabilities and retention time can help in drug carrying and medical application.
Pemanfaatan Bangunan Cagar Budaya Sekolah Jaman Kolonial Hindia Belanda sebagai Sumber Belajar dalam Pembelajaran IPS kelas 4 SD Negeri Semarangan 4
Authors: Dasirah Dasirah 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagimana pemanfaatan bangunan cagar budaya sekolah jaman kolonial Hindia Belanda sebagai sumber belajar IPS di SD Negeri Semarangan 4,Godean Sleman Yogjakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penggunaan bangunan cagar budaya berupa sekolah jaman kolonial Hindia Belanda sebagai sumber belajar IPS Sekolah Dasar di Yogyakarta belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Hal ini disebabkan para guru biasanya hanya menggunakan bangunan cagar budaya sebagai sumber belajar hanyalah yang berupa peninggalan Hindu-Buddha dan Islam saja. Bangunan-bangunan peninggalan Kolonial Belanda masih sangat jarang yang dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar, padahal apabila dilihat dari dekatnya bangunan Kolonial Hindia Belanda itu lebih dekat dari lingkungan sekolah untuk sekolah-sekolah di daerah kota Yogyakarta. Hal ini mengingat bahwa kota Yogyakarta juga merupakan salah satu kota yang pernah diduduki oleh pemerintah Kolonial Hindia Belanda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa memang belum semua guru Sekolah Dasar menggunakan bangunan cagar budaya berupa sekolah sebagai sumber belajar. Guru-guru lebih banyak menggunakan buku sebagai sumber belajar mereka. Selain itu untuk dapat menggunakan cagar budaya berupa bangunan sekolah jaman kolonial Hindia-Belanda sebagai sumber belajar guru harus mempunyai kemampuan khusus untuk mencari dan memanfaatkan sumber belajar yang ada di lingkungan sekitar. Selain itu, guru harus mendesain pembelajaran sedemikian rupa sehingga peserta didik mau dan mampu untuk melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran tersebut.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN SCHOOLOGY DALAM MODEL BELAJAR LEARNING CYCLE 6 FASE-PROBLEM SOLVING (LC 6F-PS) TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEPTUAL DAN GRAFIK PADA MATERI LAJU REAKSI
Authors: Susanti Reny Eka Evi , Iskandar Srini M 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan schoology dalam model belajar learning cycle 6F-problem solving terhadap pemahaman konseptual dan grafik siswa pada materi laju reaksi dan (2) mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara pemahaman monseptual dengan pemahaman grafik siswa pada materi laju reaksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian eksperimental semu postest only design. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Genteng. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu kelas XI MIPA 4 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XI MIPA 5 sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengujian hipotesis dianalisis menggunakan uji t dan uji korelasi dengan taraf signifikansi . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) ada perbedaan yang signifikan tingkat pemahaman konseptual dan grafik siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan aplikasi schoology dalam model belajar learning cycle 6F-problem solving dengan siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model belajar learning cycle 6F-problem solving dan (2) tidak ada hubungan signifikan ntara tingkat pemahaman konseptual dengan pemahaman algoritmik siswa. ABSTRACTThe purposes of the research were (1) to find out the effect of schoology use in six phased learning cycle-problem solving toward the student’s conceptual and graphical understanding on the reaction rate, and (2) to find out the correlation between student’s conceptual undertanding with graphical understanding on the reaction rate. The design of the research was quasy experiment postest-only design. The population in this research was grade XI of Senior High School 1 Genteng. The sample which were chosen using cluster random sampling were XI MIPA 4 as an experimental class, XI MIPA 5 as the control class.The hypothesis testing was performed by t-test and correlation test using SPSS 16 for windows with a significance level The result of the research showed that there were (1) significant differences of conceptual, algorithmic, and graphical understanding between students who learned using the applied schoology use in six phased learning cycle-problem solving and the students who learned using the six phased learning cycle-problem solving. (2) there was between student’s conceptual understanding with graphical undertanding.
KOMPARASI PRAKTIKUM RIIL DAN PRAKTIKUM VIRTUALTERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA SISWA SMA PADA PEMBELAJARAN LARUTAN PENYANGGA
Authors: Dewi Agustina , Tika Nyoman , Suardana I Nyoman 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan perbedaan hasil belajar kimia, antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan praktikum riil dan virtual. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dengan rancangan non equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas XI IPA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol yang dipilih dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Siswa kelas eksperimen dibelajarkan dengan praktikum virtual dan siswa di kelas kontrol dibelajarkan dengan praktikum riil. Data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif dan inferensial. Analisis deskriptif hasil belajar kimia siswa dideskripsikan berupa skor rata-rata pre-test dan post-test siswa. Analisis inferensial hasil belajar kimia siswa menggunakan analisis kovarian (Anakova). Hasil uji Anakova menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,041, yang artinya terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan praktikum riil dan virtual. Skor rata-rata hasil belajar siswa di kelas kontrol (81,55) lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kelas eksperimen (79,22). Kata kunci: hasil belajar kimia, praktikum riil, praktikum virtual. ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to describe and explain the differences of high school student’s achievement between students who followed learning process with real practicum and virtual practicum. The research was conducted on the topic of buffer. It is a quasi-experiment research with nonequivalent pre-test post-test control group design. The population was the student of class XI IPA SMA Laboratorium Undiksha on academic year 2017/2018. The samples were the students of XI IPA 1 class as experimental class and the students of XI IPA 2 class as control class that selected with cluster random sampling technique.The students in the experimental class followed the learning process with virtual practicum and the student in control class followed the learning process with real practicum. The data of chemistry student’s achievement were collected using the student achievement test. The data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential analysis.Descriptive analysis of chemistry student’s achievement were described in the form of the mean score of student’s pre-test and post-test. Inferential analysis of chemistry student’s achievement were analyzed using covarian analysis (Anacova). The Anacova test result showed the significant level on 0,041, which shown there were the significant differences of High school student’s achievement between the student who followed learning process with real practicum and virtual practicum. The mean score of student’s achievement in control class (81,55) was higher than experimental class (79,22)..Keywords: chemistry student’s achievemen, real practicum, virtual practicumt.
Ondas de Choque extracorpóreas como tratamiento no quirúrgico de retardo de consolidación y no unión ósea en fractura diafisaria de húmero asociada a axonotmesis del nervio radial, caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Terán Vela Paul , Insuasti Abarca Walter , Martínez Asnalema Diana 
Published: October 2019

Las fracturas humerales pueden estar asociadas a complicaciones como no unión y lesión del nervio radial. La pseudoartrosis de húmero corresponde a 15% de las pseudoartrosis en general. La incidencia de pseudoartrosis después de un tratamiento quirúrgico varía entre el 0 y el 13%. La lesión del nervio radial ocurre en el 11.8% de las fracturas humerales, siendo más frecuente en las fracturas ubicadas en el tercio medio, de las cuales el 71% se resuelven espontáneamente con tratamiento conservador.
En las últimas décadas se ha evidenciado el potencial efecto de las ondas de choque en el tratamiento de retardos de consolidación y no unión ósea, llegando a niveles de efectividad entre el 75% y 91%, siendo comparable con el tratamiento quirúrgico tradicional pero sin las complicaciones propias de este, ya que se trata de un procedimiento no invasivo y de menor costo. Su aplicación permite la liberación de factores de crecimiento óseo, estimulación de proteína ósea morfogénica y la estimulación de la angiogénesis favoreciendo una cicatrización ósea normal.Presentamos el caso de un paciente que tras ser intervenido quirúrgicamente por fractura de la diáfisis humeral, presenta una axonotmesis del nervio radial y retardo de consolidación ósea. La lesión nerviosa se recupera espontáneamente de forma progresiva, con conducta expectante luego de 9 semanas; mientras que, el retardo de consolidación de 6 meses es manejado a través de terapia con ondas de choque extracorpóreas, de manera exitosa, obteniéndose la consolidación de la fractura a las 6 semanas posteriores a la terapia