bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidrug resistance phenotype: Relation between phenotype induction and its characteristics in erythroleukemia cells
Authors: Soares Fernanda Saldanha , Lettnin Aline Portantiolo , Wagner Eduardo Felipe , Mattozo Francielly Hafele , Carrett‐Dias Michele , Rumjanek Vivian Mary Barral Dodd , Filgueira Daza Moraes Vaz Batista , de Souza Votto Ana Paula 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChemotherapy may be followed by multiple drug resistance (MDR). This is an obstacle in the treatment of cancer. It is therefore essential to understand the mechanisms underlying tumor resistance, especially those involved in the cell target/MDR relationship. To investigate this, the effects of exposing cells to UVB (to target DNA), UVA, and H2O2 (to target the cell membrane) were observed in K562 (non MDR) and FEPS (MDR) cell lines. The K562 cells were more sensitive to UVA than the FEPS cells. The FEPS cell line was more resistant to H2O2 than K562, only presenting cytotoxicity 72 h after being exposed to 40 mM, with no ROS increase until 48 h. Both cell lines were sensitive to UVB, presenting cytotoxicity after 24 h, mainly by apoptosis, and showed an increase in ROS levels. Our results indicate that agents acting on DNA may be able to overcome the MDR phenotype.
Distance‐based depths for directional data
Authors: Pandolfo Giuseppe , Paindaveine Davy , Porzio Giovanni C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDirectional data are constrained to lie on the unit sphere ofℝqfor someq ≥ 2. To address the lack of a natural ordering for such data, depth functions have been defined on spheres. However, the depths available either lack flexibility or are so computationally expensive that they can only be used for very small dimensionsq. In this work, we improve on this by introducing a class of distance‐based depths for directional data. Irrespective of the distance adopted, these depths can easily be computed in high dimensions too. We derive the main structural properties of the proposed depths and study how they depend on the distance used. We discuss the asymptotic and robustness properties of the corresponding deepest points. We show the practical relevance of the proposed depths in two applications, related to (i) spherical location estimation and (ii) supervised classification. For both problems, we show through simulation studies that distance‐based depths have strong advantages over their competitors.The Canadian Journal of Statistics46: 593–609; 2018 © 2018 Société statistique du Canada
Parsimonious graphical dependence models constructed from vines
Authors: Joe Harry 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMultivariate models with parsimonious dependence have been used for a large number of variables, and have mainly been developed for multivariate Gaussian. Graphical dependence model representations include Bayesian networks, conditional independence graphs, and truncated vines. The class of Gaussian truncated vines is a subset of Gaussian Bayesian networks and Gaussian conditional independence graphs, but has an extension to non‐Gaussian dependence with (i) combinations of continuous and discrete random variables with arbitrary univariate margins, and (ii) accommodation of latent variables. To illustrate the importance of graphical models with latent variables that do not rely on the Gaussian assumption, the combined factor‐vine structure is presented and applied to a data set of stock returns.The Canadian Journal of Statistics46: 532–555; 2018 © 2018 Société statistique du Canada
Imagery rescripting in individuals with binge‐eating behavior: An experimental proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Dugué Rebecca , Renner Fritz , Austermann Marit , Tuschen‐Caffier Brunna , Jacob Gitta A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveMental imagery is more strongly related to emotions than verbal cognitions. Binge eating is associated with dysfunctional emotional regulation. However, cognitive therapy techniques have focused on verbal cognitions. This proof‐of‐concept study compares a traditional cognitive therapy technique, cognitive restructuring (CR), with imagery rescripting (IR) in individuals with binge‐eating disorder or bulimia nervosa.MethodThirty‐six participants were asked to recall an idiosyncratic mental image of social rejection. They were then randomly assigned to a single session of CR or IR. Ratings of positive and negative emotions, and impact on rational and emotional core beliefs were administered prior to and after imagery recall, after the experimental intervention, and 1 week later. Eating disorder psychopathology was measured before and 1 week after the experimental intervention.ResultsRepeated measures ANOVAs revealed that after the experimental intervention, negative emotions and core beliefs had significantly decreased in CR and IR. Both groups also showed an increase in positive emotions that lasted until 1‐week follow‐up.DiscussionThis study suggests that CR and IR as an experimental intervention have comparable impact on distress and rational and emotional core beliefs. The feasibility of IR has been demonstrated. The effect of imagery recall on CR needs further investigation.
Effort expenditure for rewards task modified for food: A novel behavioral measure of willingness to work for food
Authors: Racine Sarah E. , Horvath Sarah A. , Brassard Sarah L. , Benning Stephen D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveBinge eating and associated eating disorders are characterized by abnormalities in reward processing. One component of reward is willingness to expend effort to obtain a reinforcer. The Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT) is a widely used behavioral measure of willingness to work for money. We sought to modify the EEfRT to examine willingness to work for food reward and to preliminarily examine the association between binge eating and effort expenditure for food.MethodParticipants were 63 females recruited to span the spectrum of binge‐eating severity. The modified EEfRT required participants to make a series of choices between an easier, low‐reward option (one portion of food) and a harder, high‐reward option (between two to five portions of food). Each trial also varied on probability of winning.ResultsParticipants self‐reported engagement in the task, working hard at easy and hard tasks, and making choices based on reward probability and magnitude. As with the original EEfRT, probability, reward magnitude, and their interaction predicted the likelihood of choosing the hard task. Across two different measures, binge‐eating symptoms interacted with reward magnitude, such that those with high binge eating used reward magnitude more to make trial choices than those with low binge eating.DiscussionThese data provide initial support for the validity of the EEfRT modified for food as a behavioral measure of willingness to work for food reward. The impact of binge eating on effort expenditure must be replicated in samples of patients with eating disorders.
The morphology and evolutionary history of the glenohumeral joint of hominoids: A review
Authors: Arias‐Martorell Julia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe glenohumeral joint, the most mobile joint in the body of hominoids, is involved in the locomotion of all extant primates apart from humans. Over the last few decades, our knowledge of how variation in its morphological characteristics relates to different locomotor behaviors within extant primates has greatly improved, including features of the proximal humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, as well as the muscles that function to move the joint (the rotator cuff muscles). The glenohumeral joint is a region with a strong morphofunctional signal, and hence, its study can shed light on the locomotor behaviors of crucial ancestral nodes in the evolutionary history of hominoids (e.g., the last common ancestor between humans and chimpanzees). Hominoids, in particular, are distinct in showing round and relatively big proximal humeri with lowered tubercles and flattened and oval glenoid cavities, morphology suited to engage in a wide range of motions, which enables the use of locomotor behaviors such as suspension. The comparison with extant taxa has enabled more informed functional interpretations of morphology in extinct primates, including hominoids, from the Early Miocene through to the emergence of hominins. Here, I review our current understanding of glenohumeral joint functional morphology and its evolution throughout the Miocene and Pleistocene, as well as highlighting the areas where a deeper study of this joint is still needed.
Unbalanced biparental care during colony foundation in two subterranean termites
Authors: Brossette Lou , Meunier Joël , Dupont Simon , Bagnères Anne‐Geneviève , Lucas Christophe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractParental care is a major component of reproduction in social organisms, particularly during the foundation steps. Because investment into parental care is often costly, each parent is predicted to maximize its fitness by providing less care than its partner. However, this sexual conflict is expected to be low in species with lifelong monogamy, because the fitness of each parent is typically tied to the other's input. Somewhat surprisingly, the outcomes of this tug‐of‐war between maternal and paternal investments have received important attention in vertebrate species, but remain less known in invertebrates. In this study, we investigated how queens and kings share their investment into parental care and other social interactions during colony foundation in two termites with lifelong monogamy: the invasive species Reticulitermes flavipes and the native species R. grassei. Behaviors of royal pairs were recorded during six months using a non‐invasive approach. Our results showed that queens and kings exhibit unbalanced investment in terms of grooming, antennation, trophallaxis, and vibration behavior. Moreover, both parents show behavioral differences toward their partner or their descendants. Our results also revealed differences among species, with R. flavipes exhibiting shorter periods of grooming and antennation toward eggs or partners. They also did more stomodeal trophallaxis and less vibration behavior. Overall, this study emphasizes that despite lifelong monogamy, the two parents are not equally involved in the measured forms of parental care and suggests that kings might be specialized in other tasks. It also indicates that males could play a central, yet poorly studied role in the evolution and maintenance of the eusocial organization.
The early‐life environment and individual plasticity in life‐history traits
Authors: De Gasperin Ornela , Duarte Ana , English Sinead , Attisano Alfredo , Kilner Rebecca M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe tested whether the early‐life environment can influence the extent of individual plasticity in a life‐history trait. We asked: can the early‐life environment explain why, in response to the same adult environmental cue, some individuals invest more than others in current reproduction? Moreover, can it additionally explain why investment in current reproduction trades off against survival in some individuals, but is positively correlated with survival in others? We addressed these questions using the burying beetle, which breeds on small carcasses and sometimes carries phoretic mites. These mites breed alongside the beetle, on the same resource, and are a key component of the beetle's early‐life environment. We exposed female beetles to mites twice during their lives: during their development as larvae and again as adults during their first reproductive event. We measured investment in current reproduction by quantifying average larval mass and recorded the female's life span after breeding to quantify survival. We found no effect of either developing or breeding alongside mites on female reproductive investment, nor on her life span, nor did developing alongside mites influence her size. In post hoc analyses, where we considered the effect of mite number (rather than their mere presence/absence) during the female's adult breeding event, we found that females invested more in current reproduction when exposed to greater mite densities during reproduction, but only if they had been exposed to mites during development as well. Otherwise, they invested less in larvae at greater mite densities. Furthermore, females that had developed with mites exhibited a trade‐off between investment in current reproduction and future survival, whereas these traits were positively correlated in females that had developed without mites. The early‐life environment thus generates individual variation in life‐history plasticity. We discuss whether this is because mites influence the resources available to developing young or serve as important environmental cues.
Construction and levitation guidance experiment of magnetic levitation system without gap sensors using inductance model of thin steel plates
Authors: Odajima Yusuke , Takada Yusuke , Oikawa Ikuto , Nakagawa Toshiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecently, the noncontact conveyance methods that are applied magnetic levitation techniques have been studied in many institutes. In this paper, from the view point of practical use, the authors construct a magnetic levitation system without using gap sensors which have been essential for the conventional magnetic levitation of thin steel plates. This system adopts both current sensors and Hall‐effect sensors in place of the gap sensors. In addition, we consider the peculiar inductance characteristics of magnetic levitation for a thin steel plate. Moreover, we conduct the levitation, guidance, conveyance and disturbance experiments.
Anxious attachment as an antecedent of people's aversion towards pattern deviancy
Authors: Gollwitzer Anton , Clark Margaret S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractResearch suggests that people's aversion towards pattern deviancy—distortions of repeated forms or models—contributes to social phenomena, such as prejudice. Yet, the factors motivating pattern deviancy aversion remain unclear. Potentially, anxious attachment, as it entails hypervigilant detection of and reactivity to social inconsistency and unreliability, heightens pattern deviancy aversion. In Studies 1 (N = 137) and 2 (N = 102), anxious but not avoidant attachment predicted aversion towards broken patterns of geometric shapes. In Studies 3 (N = 310) and 4 (N = 470), experimentally inducing anxious versus avoidant and secure attachment (Study 3), and versus a neutral prime (Study 4), heightened pattern deviancy aversion. Controlling for participants’ aversion towards unbroken patterns, novel objects, and negative stimuli did not change these results. Our findings demonstrate that anxious attachment is one antecedent of pattern deviancy aversion, and suggest that pattern deviancy aversion may underlie links between anxious attachment and certain social phenomena.
A novel microfluidic capture and monitoring method for assessing physiological damage of C. elegans under microgravity
Authors: Wang Junsheng , Meng Jie , Ding Gege , Kang Yuejun , Zhao Wenshuang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSpatial microgravity is a significant factor affecting and causing physiological changes of organisms in space environment. On‐site assessment of the damage associated to microgravity is very important for future long‐term space exploration of mankind. In this paper, a new microfluidic device for analyzing the damage of microgravity on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been developed. This device is mainly composed of a microfluidic chip, a dual imaging module, and an imaging acquisition and processing module, which are integrated into a compact system. The microfluidic chip is designed as a platform for monitoring C. elegans, which is captured in an imaging region through a suction structure in the microfluidic chip. A dual imaging module is designed to obtain the images of bright field and fluorescence of C. elegans. The behaviors of C. elegans are analyzed based on the dual‐mode imaging of bright field and fluorescence to assess the degree of damage due to microgravity. A comparative study using a commercial microscope is also conducted to demonstrate the unique advantage of the developed system under the simulated microgravity. The results show that the developed system can evaluate the damage of C. elegans under microgravity accurately and conveniently. Furthermore, this device has compact size and weight, easy operation, and low‐cost, which could be highly advantageous for on‐site evaluation of the damage to microorganisms under microgravity in a space station.
Responsive neurostimulation targeting the anterior nucleus of the thalamus in 3 patients with treatment‐resistant multifocal epilepsy
Authors: Elder Christopher , Friedman Daniel , Devinsky Orrin , Doyle Werner , Dugan Patricia 
Published: December 2018

SummaryElectrical stimulation in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) has previously been found to be efficacious for reducing seizure frequency in patients with epilepsy. Bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ANT is an open‐loop system that can be used in the management of treatment‐resistant epilepsy. In contrast, the responsive neurostimulation (RNS) system is a closed‐loop device that delivers treatment in response to prespecified electrocorticographic triggers. The efficacy and safety of RNS targeting the ANT is unknown. We describe 3 patients with treatment‐resistant multifocal epilepsy who were implanted with an RNS system, which included unilateral stimulation of the ANT. After >33 months of follow‐up, there were no adverse effects on mood, memory or behavior. Two patients had ≥50% reduction in disabling seizures and one patient had a 50% reduction compared to pretreatment baseline. Although reduction in seizure frequency has been modest to date, these findings support responsive neurostimulation of the ANT as feasible, safe, and well‐tolerated. Further studies are needed to determine optimal stimulation parameters.
Integrative analysis of copy number and gene expression data identifies potential oncogenic drivers that promote mammary tumor recurrence
Authors: Jones Robert A. , Moorehead Roger A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTumor recurrence represents a significant clinical challenge in the treatment and management of breast cancer. To investigate whether copy number aberrations (CNAs) facilitate the re‐emergence of tumor growth from residual disease, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization on primary and recurrent mammary tumors from an inducible mouse model of type‐I insulin‐like growth factor receptor driven breast cancer. This genome‐wide analysis revealed primary and recurrent tumors harbored distinct CNAs with relapsed tumors containing an increased number of gene‐level gains and losses. Remarkably, high‐level CNAs detected in primary tumors were largely devoid of annotated cancer genes while the vast majority of recurrent tumors harbored at least one CNA containing a known oncogene or tumor suppressor. Specifically, 38% of recurrent tumors carried gains at 6qA2 and 9qA2 which encode the Met and Yap1 oncogenes, respectively. The most frequent CNA, occurring in 63% of recurrent tumors, was a focal deletion at 4qC5 involving the Cdkn2a/b tumor suppressor genes. Integrative analysis revealed positive correlations between gene copy number and mRNA expression suggesting Met, Yap1, and Cdkn2a/b may serve as potential drivers that promote tumor recurrence. Accordingly, cross‐species analysis revealed gene‐level murine CNAs were present in a subset of human breast cancers with high MET and YAP1 mRNA predictive of decreased relapse‐free survival in basal‐like breast cancers. Together, these findings indicate that tumor recurrence is facilitated by the acquisition of CNAs with oncogenic potential and provide a framework to dissect the molecular mechanisms that mediate tumor escape from dormancy.
A novel association of rs13334070 in the RPGRIP1L gene with adiposity factors discovered by joint linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis in Iranian pedigrees: Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic Study (TCGS)
Authors: Javanrouh Niloufar , Soltanian Ali R. , Tapak Leili , Azizi Fereidoun , Ott Jurg , Daneshpour Maryam S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic and metabolic bases of obesity is helpful in planning and developing health strategies. Therefore, the first family‐based joint linkage and linkage disequilibrium study was conducted in Iranian pedigrees to assess the relationship between obesity and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 16q12.2 region. In the present study, a total of 13,344 individuals were included, of whom 12,502 individuals were within 3,109 pedigrees and 842 were unrelated singletons. To investigate the relationship between obesity and genetic variants, a joint model of linkage and linkage disequilibrium was applied. Moreover, a sequence kernel association test (SKAT) was used to evaluate the association of the SNP set with body size and lipid profile measurements. The joint model showed that rs13334070, in the intron 4 of the RPGRIP1L gene, has a significant association with obesity. According to the 4‐gamete rule, which is a procedure for constructing SNP sets by considering recombination occurrence between SNPs, this polymorphism has a high correlation with six nearby SNPs that make an SNP set. SKAT showed that this SNP set has a significant association with body size factors, but almost no association with most of the lipid profile measurements. In conclusion, from the result of this study, it might be reasonable to consider RPGRIP1L as an important gene whose variations could be associated with obesity risk factors.
Predictors of thyroxine replacement following hemithyroidectomy in a south east Asian cohort
Authors: Ng Peng , Ho Cheryl , Tan Wee Boon , Ngiam Kee Yuan , Lim Chwee Ming , Thomas Loh Kwok Seng , Nga Min En , Parameswaran Rajeev 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThyroxine replacement following a hemithyroidectomy is not commonly discussed during consent for the procedure as the risk of hypothyroidism is perceived to be low.MethodsRetrospective review of 901 patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy at a tertiary referral institution during the period January 2000 to December 2015. The main outcome studied was the overall incidence of hypothyroidism and the associated risk factors.ResultsHypothyroidism developed in 123 (13%) patients and 94 patients (10%) required hormone supplementation over a mean follow up of 21 months (range 1‐168 months). Preoperative TSH of more than 2.5 was seen in 38 of 123 (31%) of patients. Presence of diffuse thyroiditis was the only independent risk factor on multivariate analysis (P = 0.002) found to be associated with the development of hypothyroidism.ConclusionAfter thyroid lobectomy, approximately one in 10 patients requiring thyroid hormone treatment for hypothyroidism. Presence of diffuse thyroiditis is a significant risk factor for hypothyroidism.