bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cessation and reduction in smoking behavior: impact of creating a smoke-free home on smokers
Authors: Haardörfer R , Kreuter M , Berg C J , Escoffery C , Bundy Ł T , Hovell M , Mullen P D , Williams R , Kegler M C 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of a creating a smoke-free home (SFH) on cessation and reduction of cigarette smoking on low-income smokers. This secondary data analysis uses data from study participants who were originally recruited through 2-1-1 information and referral call centers in Atlanta (Georgia, 2013), North Carolina (2014) and the Texas Gulf Coast (2015) across three randomized controlled trials testing an intervention aimed at creating SFHs, pooling data from 941 smokers. Participants who reported adopting a SFH were more likely to report quitting smoking than those who did not adopt a SFH. This was true at 3-month follow-up and even more pronounced at 6-month follow-up and persisted when considering only those who consistently reported no smoking at 3 and 6 months. Among those who did not stop smoking, the number of cigarettes per day declined significantly more and quit attempts were more frequent for those who created a SFH compared with those who did not. Findings suggest that creating a SFH facilitates cessation, reduces cigarette consumption and increases quit attempts. Future studies should assess the long-term impact of SFHs on sustaining cessation.
Analysis of an adaptive HDG method for the Brinkman problem
Authors: Araya Rodolfo , Solano Manuel , Vega Patrick 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We introduce and analyze a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for the gradient-velocity-pressure formulation of the Brinkman problem. We present an a priori error analysis of the method, showing optimal order of convergence of the error. We also introduce an a posteriori error estimator, of the residual type, which helps us to improve the quality of the numerical solution. We establish reliability and local efficiency of our estimator for the $L^{2} $-error of the velocity gradient and the pressure and the $ H^{1} $-error of the velocity, with constants written explicitly in terms of the physical parameters and independent of the size of the mesh. In particular, our results are also valid for the Stokes problem. Finally, we provide numerical experiments showing the quality of our adaptive scheme.
Diophantine Inequalities for Generic Ternary Diagonal Forms
Authors: Schindler Damaris 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLet $k\geq 2$ and consider the Diophantine inequality $$ \left|x_1^k-{\alpha}_2 x_2^k-{\alpha}_3 x_3^k\right| &lt;{\theta}.$$Our goal is to find non-trivial solutions in the variables $x_i$, $1\leq i\leq 3$, all of size about $P$, assuming that ${\theta }$ is sufficiently large. We study this problem on average over ${\alpha }_3$ and generalize previous work by Bourgain on quadratic ternary diagonal forms to general degree $k$.
Anticorrelation between X-ray luminosity and pulsed fraction in the Small Magellanic Cloud pulsar SXP 1323
Authors: Yang Jun , Zezas Andreas , Coe Malcolm J , Drake Jeremy J , Hong JaeSub , Laycock Silas G T , Wik Daniel R 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWe report the evidence for the anticorrelation between pulsed fraction (PF) and luminosity of the X-ray pulsar SXP 1323, found for the first time in a luminosity range 1035–1037 erg s−1 from observations spanning 15 yr. The phenomenon of a decrease in X-ray PF when the source flux increases has been observed in our pipeline analysis of other X-ray pulsars in the Small Magellanic Cloud. It is expected that the luminosity under a certain value decreases as the PF decreases due to the propeller effect. Above the propeller region, an anticorrelation between the PF and the flux might occur either as a result of an increase in the unpulsed component of the total emission or a decrease of the pulsed component. Additional modes of accretion may also be possible, such as spherical accretion and a change in emission geometry. At higher mass accretion rates, the accretion disc could also extend closer to the neutron star surface, where a reduced inner radius leads to hotter inner disc emission. These modes of plasma accretion may affect the change in the beam configuration to fan-beam dominant emission.
The impact of symptoms on health-related quality of life in elderly pre-dialysis patients: effect and importance in the EQUAL study
Authors: Voskamp Pauline W M , van Diepen Merel , Evans Marie , Caskey Fergus J , Torino Claudia , Postorino Maurizio , Szymczak Maciej , Klinger Marian , Wallquist Carin , van de Luijtgaarden Moniek W M , Chesnaye Nicolas C , Wanner Christoph , Jager Kitty J , Dekker Friedo W 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Quality of life (QoL) is an important outcome in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients feel that symptoms are an important determinant of QoL. However, this relation is unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of the number and severity of symptoms on QoL in elderly pre-dialysis patients, assessed by both the effect of symptoms and their importance relative to kidney function, and other clinical variables on QoL.

Methods
The European Quality study (EQUAL study) is an ongoing European prospective follow-up study in late Stage 4/5 CKD patients aged ≥65 years. We used patients included between March 2012 and December 2015. Patients scored their symptoms with the Dialysis Symptom Index, and QoL with the research and development-36 (RAND-36) item Health Survey (RAND-36). The RAND-36 results in a physical component summary (PCS) and a mental component summary (MCS). We used linear regression to estimate the relation between symptoms and QoL at baseline and after 6 months, and to calculate the variance in QoL explained by symptoms.

Results
The baseline questionnaire was filled in by 1079 (73%) patients (median age 75 years, 66% male, 98% Caucasian), and the follow up questionnaire by 627 (42%) patients. At baseline, every additional symptom changed MCS with −0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.91 to −0.71] and PCS with −0.50 (95% CI: −0.62 to −0.39). In univariable analyses, number of symptoms explained 22% of MCS variance and 11% of PCS variance, whereas estimated glomerular filtration rate only explained 1%.

Conclusions
In elderly CKD Stage 4/5 patients, symptoms have a substantial impact on QoL. This indicates symptoms should have a more prominent role in clinical decision-making.
Set Existence Principles and Closure Conditions: Unravelling the Standard View of Reverse Mathematics†
Authors: Eastaugh Benedict 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is a striking fact from reverse mathematics that almost all theorems of countable and countably representable mathematics are equivalent to just five subsystems of second-order arithmetic. The standard view is that the significance of these equivalences lies in the set existence principles that are necessary and sufficient to prove those theorems. In this article I analyse the role of set existence principles in reverse mathematics, and argue that they are best understood as closure conditions on the powerset of the natural numbers.
Advance care planning and anticipatory decision making in patients with Alzheimer disease
Authors: Slyer Jason T. , Archibald Ella , Moyo Fernea , Truglio-Londrigan Marie 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:
Early advance care planning and anticipatory decision making in the Alzheimer disease (AD) trajectory is a strategy NPs can incorporate to improve managing uncertainty around common decisions. This article explores decisions patients and caregivers face along the AD trajectory and provides resources for patients, caregivers, and NPs.
Efficacy Using a Modified Technique for Tissue Stabilized-Guided Subcision for the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Cellulite of the Buttocks and Thighs
Authors: Ibrahim Omer , Haimovic Adele , Lee Nicole , Kaminer Michael S. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND
Cellulite can be significantly improved using vacuum-assisted tissue stabilized-guided subcision (TS-GS). However, the treatment of shallow and linear cellulite has remained problematic.

OBJECTIVE
In this retrospective study, we describe a modified technique of vacuum-assisted TS-GS. The aim is to demonstrate that this new limited-release technique is an effective treatment for long ripples and interconnected shallow dimples, which are characteristic of mild-to-moderate cellulite.

METHODS
Patients with mild-to-moderate cellulite were treated with limited-release vacuum-assisted TS-GS. All subcisions were performed at the 6-mm depth and a minimum of 3 mm between each dimple. Using a 4-point scale, 2 raters graded cellulite improvement on evaluation of prephotographs and postphotographs.

RESULTS
A total of 23 female patients were included in this study. The pre- and post-treatment photographs were correctly identified in 22 of the 23 patients (95.6%). The average cellulite improvement was 2.9 of 4 for the buttocks and 2.8 of 4 for the posterior thighs. Global cellulite improvement was reported at 3.1 of 4.

CONCLUSION
The results demonstrate that modified, limited-release, vacuum-assisted TS-GS can be an effective and safe method for the treatment of long ripples and shallow dimples that are characteristics of mild-to-moderate cellulite.
MACULAR HOLE FORMATION FOLLOWED BY SPONTANEOUS CLOSURE AFTER PNEUMATIC RETINOPEXY IN A PATIENT WITH DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Cohen Michael N. , Baumal Caroline R. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To report early formation and spontaneous closure of a full-thickness macular hole that developed after successful pneumatic retinopexy in a patient who had been undergoing treatment for diabetic macular edema.

Methods:
Case report of a 68-year-old man with bilateral nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy who was currently undergoing anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for bilateral diabetic macular edema.

Results:
On presentation, visual acuity was 20/200 in the left eye, and examination revealed a bullous, macula-off retinal detachment with a single horseshoe tear at 12 o'clock in the left eye. Pneumatic retinopexy was performed followed by laser augmentation 3 days later. Three weeks postoperatively, he returned with visual acuity of 20/50 and a full-thickness macular hole in the left eye. Although he elected for initial observation, he returned 2 weeks later with visual acuity of 20/50 in both eyes and a retinal detachment with a single break at 10 o'clock in the right eye. The macular hole in the left eye had spontaneously resolved. Pneumatic retinopexy was performed to the right eye. Over 1 year after bilateral pneumatic retinopexy, his retina remains without recurrence of a macular hole in the left eye.

Conclusion:
In the early postoperative period after pneumatic retinopexy to repair a retinal detachment, a macular hole can form and spontaneously close.
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Screening of Mycotoxin Genes From Ocular Isolates of Fusarium species
Authors: Anutarapongpan Orapin , Maestre-Mesa Jorge , Alfonso Eduardo C. , O'Brien Terrence P. , Miller Darlene 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To identify mycotoxin genes among clinical ocular isolates of Fusarium species and to correlate these with clinical outcomes of Fusarium keratitis.

Methods:
Fifty-four clinical isolates of Fusarium were retrieved from the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Ocular Microbiology Laboratory data bank. Multiplex polymerase chain reactions were run to confirm the identification of Fusarium species [internal transcribed spacer sequence, translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) and β-tubulin] and to detect the presence of genes encoding production of fumonisin B mycotoxins (FUM1 and FUM8) and trichothecene mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol and nivalenol). The presence or absence of mycotoxins was compared with patient outcomes.

Results:
Forty-three (79%) of the 54 isolates were confirmed as Fusarium species, by an internal transcribed spacer sequence in 3 (5.6%) and by TEF in 43 (79.6%) of the 54 isolates. Fumonisin biosynthetic gene 1 (FUM1) was detected in 57.4% (n = 31/54) of the Fusarium isolates. No FUM8, deoxynivalenol genes, and nivalenol genes were detected among these in the clinical isolates group. Initial best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/25 to 20/80 in the FUM1 gene-negative group and from 20/20 to light perception in the FUM1 gene-positive group. There was no difference in the time to cure between both groups. The presence of FUM1 genes in 5 fungal isolates seemed to be associated with progression to penetrating keratoplasty in the 5 patients from whom the fungi were isolated. Fusarium solani was recovered from all patients requiring penetrating keratoplasty.

Conclusions:
Fumonisin B biosynthetic gene 1 may be common among clinical Fusarium isolates and contribute to worse initial visual acuity and high-risk progression to penetrating keratoplasty.
Ocular Surface Findings in Patients With Lichen Planopilaris
Authors: Gheisari Mehdi , Dadkhahfar Sahar , Fadakar Kaveh , Robati Reza Mahmoud , Moravvej Hamideh , Soleimani Mohammad , Mirshahi Reza 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a chronic lymphocytic- mediated disorder that selectively involves hair follicles, leading to cicatricial alopecia. The eyelash follicle and meibomian gland (MG) might also be involved in the disease process leading to ocular surface problems.

Methods:
In this Cross-sectional case -control study, twenty-three patients with histologically confirmed LPP and 23 healthy controls were recruited in this controlled study. To quantify the signs and symptoms of LPP, we used the Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index. The ophthalmologic examination was performed by the same ophthalmologist at Farabi Eye Hospital.

Results:
Patients with LPP had a statistically significant lower tear breakup time (worse test outcome) compared with the control (7.1 6 4.1 vs. 9.6 6 4.4; respectively, P = 0.011). Both MG quality score and expressibility were higher in patients with LPP than in control subjects (14.1 6 4.3 vs. 9.3 6 4.4; P = 0.001; 1.5 6 1.0 vs. 0.4 6 0.8; P = 0.001; respectively). The Schirmer test score was not different between groups. A significant but weak correlation was found between the Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index and tear breakup time. Other ophthalmologic examinations including conjunctiva, lid margin shape, intraocular pressure, and funduscopy were normal in patients with LPP.

Conclusions:
Patients with LPP, scored worse in ocular surface tests. This finding warrants special scrutiny for dry eye and MG dysfunction in these patients.
The ins and outs of an ‘outside-in’ view of allergies: atopic dermatitis and allergy prevention
Authors: Shaker Marcus , Murray Robert G.P. , Mann Julianne A. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
The skin barrier is a dynamic innate immune organ. This review summarizes the current understanding of how deficiencies associated with atopic dermatitis invite other atopic disorders of the allergic march.

Recent findings
Atopic dermatitis is characterized by skin barrier defects (such as mutations in filaggrin), intrinsic proallergic T-helper cell 2 immune dysregulation, and skin microbiome alterations. These factors promote the development of food allergy and asthma. Prevention of atopic dermatitis may involve topical emollients and oral probiotic supplementation, while some food allergies can be prevented by early introduction of potential food allergens to at-risk infants. Traditional therapies for atopic dermatitis involve skin hydration, emollients, and anti-inflammatory topical therapies including topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors. Dupilumab is a new and promising targeted biologic medication approved for use in adults with more severe atopic dermatitis; however, additional research is needed to determine whether this medication should be incorporated more broadly into management of severe childhood atopic dermatitis.

Summary
Atopic dermatitis management involves early diagnosis, skin barrier function support, mitigation of cutaneous inflammation, and concomitant risk stratification for the development of food allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and environmental allergies.
The Unmet Supportive Care Needs of Arab Australian and Arab Jordanian Cancer Survivors
Authors: Alananzeh Ibrahim M. , Levesque Janelle V. , Kwok Cannas , Salamonson Yenna , Everett Bronwyn 
Published: May 2018

Background
Research exploring the unmet supportive care needs of Arab cancer survivors is limited, with most conducted with immigrant groups. No study has compared the unmet supportive care needs of immigrant Arab cancer survivors with Arab cancer survivors living in their native country.

Objective
To explore the unmet supportive care needs of both Arab Australian and Arab Jordanian cancer survivors.

Methods
Arab people living in Sydney, Australia, and Amman, Jordan, and diagnosed with cancer within the last 5 years were invited to complete a questionnaire that measured unmet supportive care needs, depression, and language acculturation. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of unmet supportive care needs.

Results
Seventy-seven Arab Jordanian and 66 Arab Australian cancer survivors were recruited. Australian participants were older than their Jordanian counterparts (61.5 vs 52.3 years; P < .001) and reported higher levels of overall unmet needs (44.9 vs 36.1; P = .012). Controlling for age and stage of cancer diagnosis, higher levels of depression (β = .34) and living in Australia (β = .26) were significant predictors of unmet needs and explained almost 17% of the variance.

Conclusions
These findings have extended our understanding of the unmet supportive care needs of Arab cancer survivors and confirm disparities in unmet needs in immigrant populations.

Implications for Practice
Greater attention is needed to ensure the supportive care needs are met for immigrant patients with cancer. Additional strategies to address physical and psychological needs are particularly needed in this group.
The Role of Anastomotic Vessels in Controlling Tissue Viability and Defining Tissue Necrosis with Special Reference to Complications following Injection of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers
Authors: Ashton Mark W. , Taylor G. Ian , Corlett Russell J. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Most target areas for facial volumization procedures relate to the anatomical location of the facial or ophthalmic artery. Occasionally, inadvertent injection of hyaluronic acid filler into the arterial circulation occurs and, unrecognized, is irreparably associated with disastrous vascular complications. Of note, the site of complications, irrespective of the injection site, is similar, and falls into only five areas of the face, all within the functional angiosome of the facial or ophthalmic artery.

Methods:
Retrospective and prospective studies were performed to assess the site and behavior of anastomotic vessels connecting the angiosomes of the face and their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of tissue necrosis. In vivo studies of pig and rabbit, and archival human total body and prospective selective lead oxide injections of the head and neck, were analyzed. Results were compared with documented patterns of necrosis following inadvertent hyaluronic acid intraarterial or intravenous injection.

Results:
Studies showed that the location of true and choke anastomoses connecting the facial artery with neighboring angiosomes predicted the tissue at risk of necrosis following inadvertent intraarterial hyaluronic acid injection.

Conclusion:
Complications related to hyaluronic acid injections are intimately associated with (1) the anatomical distribution of true and choke anastomoses connecting the facial artery to neighboring ophthalmic and maxillary angiosomes where choke vessels define the boundary of necrosis of an involved artery but true anastomoses allow free passage to a remote site; or possibly (2) retrograde perfusion of hyaluronic acid into avalvular facial veins, especially in the periorbital region, and thereby the ophthalmic vein, cavernous sinus, and brain.
Immediate Two-Stage Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction Failure: Radiation Is Not the Only Culprit
Authors: Lam Thomas C. , Borotkanics Robert , Hsieh Frank , Salinas James , Boyages John 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction produces a satisfactory aesthetic result with high levels of patient satisfaction. However, with the broader indication for postmastectomy adjuvant radiation therapy, many patients are advised against immediate breast reconstruction because of concerns of implant loss and infection, particularly as most patients also require chemotherapy. This retrospective cohort study examines outcomes for patients who underwent immediate two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction after mastectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Methods:
Between 1998 and 2010, 452 patients undergoing immediate two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction involving a total of 562 breasts were included in this study. Stage 1 was defined as insertion of the temporary expander, and stage 2 was defined as insertion of the final silicone implant. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy was recommended with a tissue expander in situ for 114 patients. Complications, including loss of prosthesis, seroma, and infection, were recorded and analyzed. Cosmetic result was assessed using a four-point scale.

Results:
Postoperative prosthesis loss was 2.7 percent, 5.3 percent for patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy and increasing to 11.3 percent for patients receiving chemotherapy plus radiotherapy. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy independently were the main, statistically significant risk factors for expander or implant loss [incidence rate ratio, 13.85 (p = 0.012) and 2.23 (p = 0.027), respectively]. Prosthesis loss for patients undergoing combination chemotherapy plus radiotherapy was also significant [incidence rate ratio, 4.791 (p < 0.001)].

Conclusions:
These findings serve to better inform patients on risk in weighing treatment options. Postmastectomy radiation therapy doubles the risk of prosthesis loss over and above adjuvant chemotherapy but is an acceptable option following immediate two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction in a multidisciplinary setting.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Relationship between Tamoxifen and the Absorption of Subfascial Autologous Fat Grafts
Authors: Silva Alfredo B. D. , Haupenthal Felipe , Morais André D. , Ascenço Adriana S. K. , Sebastião Ana P. M. , Cavalcanti Manoel A. R. , Freitas Renato S. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
In the lipofilling procedures used in breast reconstruction, there is an unpredictability in the rate of reabsorption of the grafted fat. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of tamoxifen, a medication commonly prescribed for patients with breast cancer, as a possible alternative to reduce the rate of autologous fat graft resorption.

Methods:
The fatty cushion of the inguinal region of 20 female adult Wistar rats was removed and then autografted, using a standard volume of 0.2 ml in the subfascial plane of the dorsal region. The subject animals were randomized into two groups, the control and study groups. The study group animals were administered 20 mg/kg/day of tamoxifen citrate over a period of 21 days, by means of gavage. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed and the grafts underwent morphologic and histopathologic analysis, with emphasis on the predominant inflammatory response pattern and collagen maturation.

Results:
The rats undergoing treatment with tamoxifen (study group) presented higher values in relation to the weight and volume of fat grafts compared with the initial values and the control group. Histologic analysis using hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that resolution of the inflammatory process was faster in the control group. Analysis using the picrosirius method demonstrated higher percentages of immature collagen versus mature collagen.

Conclusion:
Use of tamoxifen reduced the rates of resorption and fibrosis of the injected fat, resulting in better integration of the autologous fat graft.