bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion gradient nonlinearity bias correction reduces bias of breast cancer bone metastasis ADC values
Authors: Buus Thomas W. , Jensen Anders B. , Pedersen Erik M. 
Published: July 2019

Contract grant sponsorHealth Research Fund of Central Denmark Region.BackgroundDiffusion gradient nonlinearity (DGNL) bias causes apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values to drop with increasing superior–inferior (SI) isocenter offset. This is a concern when performing quantitative diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).Purpose/HypothesisTo investigate if DGNL ADC bias can be corrected in breast cancer bone metastases using a clinical DWI protocol and an online correction algorithm.Study TypeProspective.Subjects/PhantomA diffusion phantom (Model 128, High Precision Devices, Boulder, CO) was used for in vitro validation. Twenty‐three women with bone‐metastasizing breast cancer were enrolled to assess DGNL correction in vivo.Field Strength/SequenceDWI was performed on a 1.5T MRI system as single‐shot, spin‐echo, echo‐planar imaging with short‐tau inversion recovery (STIR) fat‐saturation. ADC maps with and without DGNL correction were created from the b50 and b800 images.AssessmentUncorrected and DGNL‐corrected ADC values were measured in phantom and bone metastases by placing regions of interest on b800 images and copying them to the ADC map. The SI offset was recorded.Statistical TestsIn all, 79 bone metastases were assessed. ADC values with and without DGNL correction were compared at 14 cm SI offset using a two‐tailed t‐test.ResultsIn the diffusion phantom, DGNL correction increased SI offset, where ADC bias was lower than 5%, from 7.3–13.8 cm. Of the 23 patients examined, six had no metastases in the covered regions. In the remaining patients, bias of uncorrected bone metastasis ADC values was 19.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.4–22.9%) at 14 cm SI offset. After DGNL correction, ADC bias was significantly reduced to 3.5% (95% CI: 0.7–6.3%, P < 0.001), thus reducing bias due to DGNL by 82%.Data ConclusionOnline DGNL correction corrects DGNL ADC value bias and allows increased station lengths in the SI direction.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:904–911.
Enhanced recovery after surgery in head and neck surgery: Reduced opioid use and length of stay
Authors: Jandali Danny B. , Vaughan Deborah , Eggerstedt Michael , Ganti Ashwin , Scheltens Holly , Ramirez Emily A. , Revenaugh Peter C. , Al‐Khudari Samer , Smith Ryan M. , Stenson Kerstin M. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols were first developed in colorectal surgery and sought to standardize patient care. There have been several studies in the head and neck surgical literature looking at outcomes after ERAS protocol, but no studies focusing on narcotic use and length of stay. This study aimed to evaluate narcotic usage and length of stay, in addition to several other outcomes, following the implementation of an ERAS protocol.MethodsA head and neck–specific ERAS protocol was implemented at this tertiary care center beginning July 2017. A retrospective cohort study was performed comparing this cohort to that of a retrospective control group. Outcomes included mean morphine equivalent dose, mean pain score, and percentage of patients prescribed narcotics on discharge. Secondary outcomes included ICU and total length of stay.ResultsThe mean morphine equivalent dose (MED) administered within 72 hours postoperatively was significantly lower in the ERAS group (17.5 ± 46.0 mg vs. 82.7 ± 116.1 mg, P < .001). Average postoperative pain scores in the first 72 hours were lower in the ERAS group (2.6 ± 1.8 vs. 3.6 ± 1.9; P < .001). The average length of stay was shorter for ERAS patients (7.8 ± 4.8 vs. 9.7 ± 4.7 days, P = .008); however, there was no significant difference in ICU length of stay.ConclusionFollowing implementation of an ERAS protocol, patients undergoing head and neck surgery had decreased narcotic use in the immediate postoperative period and at discharge, while also demonstrating improved postoperative analgesia.Level of EvidenceLevel 3Laryngoscope, 130:1227–1232, 2020
Characterizing the Antimicrobial Properties of 405 nm Light and the Corning® Light‐Diffusing Fiber Delivery System
Authors: Shehatou Cindy , Logunov Stephan L. , Dunman Paul M. , Haidaris Constantine G. , Klubben W. Spencer 
Published: July 2019

Background and ObjectivesHospital‐acquired infections (HAIs) and multidrug resistant bacteria pose a significant threat to the U.S. healthcare system. With a dearth of new antibiotic approvals, novel antimicrobial strategies are required to help solve this problem. Violet‐blue visible light (400–470 nm) has been shown to elicit strong antimicrobial effects toward many pathogens, including representatives of the ESKAPE bacterial pathogens, which have a high propensity to cause HAIs. However, phototherapeutic solutions to prevention or treating infections are currently limited by efficient and nonobtrusive light‐delivery mechanisms.Study Design/Materials and MethodsHere, we investigate the in vitro antimicrobial properties of flexible Corning® light‐diffusing fiber (LDF) toward members of the ESKAPE pathogens in a variety of growth states and in the context of biological materials. Bacteria were grown on agar surfaces, in liquid culture and on abiotic surfaces. We also explored the effects of 405 nm light within the presence of lung surfactant, human serum, and on eukaryotic cells. Pathogens tested includeEnterococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, andEscherichia coli.ResultsOverall, the LDF delivery of 405 nm violet‐blue light exerted a significant degree of microbicidal activity against a wide range of pathogens under diverse experimental conditions.ConclusionsThe results exemplify the fiber's promise as a non‐traditional approach for the prevention and/or therapeutic intervention of HAIs. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 The Authors.Lasers in Surgery and MedicinePublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ciliary functional analysis: Beating a path towards standardization
Authors: Kempeneers Céline , Seaton Claire , Garcia Espinosa Bernardo , Chilvers Mark A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrimary ciliary dyskinesia is an inherited disorder in which respiratory cilia are stationary, or beat in a slow or dyskinetic manner, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance and significant sinopulmonary disease. One diagnostic test is ciliary functional analysis using digital high‐speed video microscopy (DHSV), which allows real‐time analysis of complete ciliary function, comprising ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary beat pattern (CBP). However, DHSV lacks standardization. In this paper, the current knowledge of DHSV ciliary functional analysis is presented, and recommendations given for a standardized protocol for ciliary sample collection and processing. A proposal is presented for a quantitative and qualitative CBP evaluation system, to be used to develop international consensus agreement, and future DHSV research areas are identified.
Treatment of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: A focus on the NO‐sGC‐cGMP pathway
Authors: Beghetti Maurice , Gorenflo Matthias , Ivy D. Dunbar , Moledina Shahin , Bonnet Damien 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveWhile pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is rare in infants and children, it results in substantial morbidity and mortality. In recent years, prognosis has improved, coinciding with the introduction of new PAH‐targeted therapies, although much of their use in children is off‐label. Evidence to guide the treatment of children with PAH is less extensive than for adults. The goal of this review is to discuss the treatment recommendations for children with PAH, as well as the evidence supporting the use of prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) in this setting.Data SourcesNonsystematic PubMed literature search and authors’ expertise.Study SelectionArticles were selected concentrating on the nitric oxide (NO)‐soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)‐cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in PAH. The methodology of an ongoing study evaluating the sGC stimulator riociguat in children with PAH is also described.ResultsDespite recent medical advances, improved therapeutic strategies for pediatric PAH are needed. The efficacy and tolerability of riociguat in adults with PAH have been well trialed.ConclusionThe pooling of data across trials, supplemented by registry data, will help to confirm the safety and tolerability of prostanoids, ERAs, and PDE5i in children. Ongoing studies will clarify the place of sGC stimulators in the treatment strategy for pediatric PAH.
Prey preferences of notonectids towards larval mosquitoes across prey ontogeny and search area
Authors: Dalal Arpita , Cuthbert Ross N , Dick Jaimie TA , Gupta Susmita 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPredatory biological control agents can be effective natural means of managing pests, vectors and invasive species. However, the strength of predator–prey interactions can be regulated through context‐dependencies that often remain unquantified. In particular, refuge effects can influence the efficacy of biological agents towards target species, and such effects are often driven by prey size and search area differences. In this study, we quantify the prey preferences of two predaceous notonectids,Anisops breddiniandAnisops sardeus, towards four different aquatic larval instar stages of the medically important mosquitoCulex quinquefasciatusacross variations in surface area and water depth.RESULTSConsumption rates differed significantly among the four larval sizes but not between the notonectids. Search area variations also elicited differences in consumption rates. Both predators tended to prefer second‐instar mosquito prey among surface area and water depth variations, while generally avoiding the largest (fourth instar) and smallest (first instar) prey instar stages. For both predators, differential selectivity traits were emergent across surface area variations and water depth, with refuge effects for small prey generally greatest at intermediate–large depths with high surface areas. We thus demonstrate that predatory impacts of notonectids towards mosquito larvae differ significantly according to prey size, and likely peak at intermediate size classes.CONCLUSIONDifferent mosquito size classes often coexist and compete, selectivity has important implications for adult mosquito proliferations. Further, in ephemeral aquatic habitats where surface areas and water depths are highly variable spatiotemporally, the efficacy of notonectids in controlling mosquito prey may differ substantially. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
On improved dispersion control charts under ranked set schemes for normal and non‐normal processes
Authors: Abbas Tahir , Zaman Bisma , Atir Ateeba , Riaz Muhammad , Akbar Abbasi Saddam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn manufacturing industries, control charts are the promising statistical tools used for an efficient monitoring of processes. These charts enhance the product quality by timely signaling for special variations at any stage of the process. There are two common concerns in statistical process monitoring, location and variability of the quality characteristic of interest. Besides location parameter, the monitoring of process dispersion remained a matter of concern for researchers. The conventional simple random sampling (SRS) is a usual practice; however, ranked set sampling (RSS) schemes are very effective methods of choosing sample values. This study intends to design and investigate dispersion control charts under different RSS strategies for normal and non‐normal processes. We have considered RSS, median ranked set sampling (MRSS), and extreme ranked set sampling (ERSS) schemes to design dispersion control charts. The performance of the existing and the proposed control charts is evaluated in terms of relative efficiency and power for normal and a variety of non‐normal distributions. The comparative analysis revealed that the proposed structures outperform the existing charts. The application of the proposed procedures is also shown for a bottles filling process for an efficient and timely signaling of any special causes in the process.
vdW‐TSSCDS—An automated and global procedure for the computation of stationary points on intermolecular potential energy surfaces
Authors: Kopec Sabine , Martínez‐Núñez Emilio , Soto Juan , Peláez Daniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a generalization of the transition state search using chemical dynamics simulations (TSSCDS) methodology (discussed in a previous study) which allows the topographical characterization of intermolecular potential energy surfaces (IPES) for non‐covalently bound complexes (vdW‐TSSCDS). Starting from a single random input geometry, we show that vdW‐TSSCDS is able to globally and automatically locate stationary points of an IPES, even in limiting cases such as extremely flat regions or nontrivial topologies (eg, bifurcation points). The basic idea is the expression of the connectivity matrix in block structure, where diagonal blocks correspond to the isolated fragments and off‐diagonal blocks provide the intermolecular connectivity. To this end, we introduce a new definition of bound or not, in a non‐covalent sense, utilizing an extra set of van der Waals distances, which encompasses all kinds of non‐covalent distances. To discuss the use of the vdW‐TSSCDS method, we present a series of 2‐body van der Waals systems, namely, Ar‐Benzene (3D), N2‐Benzene (6D) and H2O‐Benzene (9D). Finally, we further illustrate its capabilities by presenting some applications for n‐body problems (n > 2), (H2O)2‐Benzene (12D) and (H2O)3‐Benzene (21D), as well as to a reactive, fully‐flexible, system (Benzene‐NO2)+ (39D) in which the simultaneous breaking/formation of both covalent and non‐covalent interactions takes place.
Managing security debt across PLC phases in a VSE context
Authors: Larrucea Xabier , Santamaria Izaskun , Fernandez‐Gauna Borja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNowadays, security and safety aspects are two of the major concerns for any software system development, especially while developing safety critical systems. This is especially relevant for very small entities because they have a limited amount of resources for dealing with all these aspects at the same time. In addition, these systems are highly regulated domains, and they involve a huge set of standards focused on safety and security‐related issues. Therefore, these small entities are not only facing hurdles related to technical aspects but also from the so‐called technical debt when overarching a critical development. This paper extends the assurance cases approach by integrating security aspects within the life cycle, and it proposes a framework for managing the associated security technical debt for very small entities. A tool chain is outlined, and the approach is illustrated with an industrial use case.
Digging Struggling Students Out of the Summer Reading Slump
Authors: Albee Julie Jackson , Smith Melanie Lea , Arnold Jill Mayes , Dennis Larinee Brooks 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe authors examined the results of a three‐year summer intervention, Dig Into Reading, for pre‐first‐grade through pre‐third‐grade students. This partnership among university professors, public school Title I teachers, and primary classroom teachers resulted in the development of research‐based, copyright‐free, replicable summer reading intervention materials. The four‐year study involved collecting baseline data in year 1, then implementing the program, which progressed from sending 100 bags home with struggling pre‐first‐grade readers in year 2 to adding 100 bags for pre‐second graders in year 3 (100 pre‐first‐grade and 100 pre‐second‐grade bags) and adding pre‐third graders in year 4 (100 pre‐first‐grade, 100 pre‐second‐grade, and 100 pre‐third‐grade bags). The results of the Dig Into Reading intervention showed that participating students retained at least 30%–67% more reading ability based on reading level than did students in the baseline group who did not participate.
Proteomics study of the effect of high-fat diet on rat liver
Authors: Sang Jian , Qu Hengxian , Gu Ruixia , Chen Dawei , Chen Xia , Yin Boxing , Huang Yingping , Xi Wenbo , Wang Chunlei , Huang Yujun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExcessive intake of high-energy diets is an important cause of most obesity. The intervention of rats with high-fat diet can replicate the ideal animal model for studying the occurrence of human nutritional obesity. Proteomics and bioinformatics analyses can help us to systematically and comprehensively study the effect of high-fat diet on rat liver. In the present study, 4056 proteins were identified in rat liver by using tandem mass tag. A total of 198 proteins were significantly changed, of which 103 were significantly up-regulated and ninety-five were significantly down-regulated. These significant differentially expressed proteins are primarily involved in lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism processes. The intake of a high-fat diet forces the body to maintain physiological balance by regulating these key protein spots to inhibit fatty acid synthesis, promote fatty acid oxidation and accelerate fatty acid degradation. The present study enriches our understanding of metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets at the protein level.
An Evaluation of the Representation of Tropical Tropopause Cirrus in the CESM/CARMA Model Using Satellite and Aircraft Observations
Authors: Maloney Christopher , Bardeen Charles , Toon Owen Brian , Jensen Eric , Woods Sarah , Thornberry Troy , Pfister Leonhard , Diskin Glenn , Bui Thao Paul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObservations from the third campaign of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX 3) field mission and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations satellite mission are used to evaluate simulations of tropical tropopause layer (TTL) cirrus clouds in the Community Earth System Model's (CESM) Community Atmosphere Model, CAM5. In this study, CAM5 is coupled with a sectional ice cloud model, the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA). We find that both model variants underrepresent cloud frequency along the ATTREX 3 flight path and both poorly represent relative humidity in the TTL. Furthermore, simulated in‐cloud ice size distributions contained erroneous amounts of ice crystals throughout the distribution. In response, we present a modified ice cloud fraction scheme that boosts the cloud fraction within the TTL. Due to coarse vertical model resolution in the TTL, we also prescribe a 2‐K decrease in cold point tropopause temperatures to better align with observed temperatures. Our modifications improve both CAM5 and CAM5/CARMA's in‐cloud ice size and mass distributions. However, only CAM5/CARMA has a significant improvement in cloud frequency and relative humidity. An investigation of cloud extinction in the ATTREX 3 region found that each model variant struggles to reproduce observed extinctions. As a first‐order approximation, we introduce randomly generated temperature perturbations to simulate the effect of gravity waves into the CAM5/CARMA simulation. These gravity waves significantly increase the incidence of low extinction (<0.02 km−1) values, ice cloud fraction between 16 and 18 km, and ice crystal smaller than 100‐μm concentrations but provided only small changes to high extinction values.
Estimating the Azimuthal Mode Structure of ULF Waves Based on Multiple GOES Satellite Observations
Authors: Barani Mohammad , Tu Weichao , Sarris Theodore , Pham Kevin , Redmon Rob J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCharacterizing the azimuthal mode number,
m
, of ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves is necessary for calculating radial diffusion of radiation belt electrons. A cross‐spectral technique is applied to the compressional Pc5 ULF waves observed by multiple pairs of GOES satellites to estimate the azimuthal mode structure during the 28‐31 May 2010 storm. We find that allowing for both positive and negative
m
is important to achieve a more realistic distribution of mode numbers and to resolve wave propagation direction. During the storm commencement when the solar wind dynamic pressure is high, ULF wave power is found to dominate at low‐mode numbers. An interesting change of sign in
m
occurred around noon, which is consistent with the driving of ULF waves by solar wind buffeting around noon, creating antisunward wave propagation. The low‐mode ULF waves are also found to have a less global coverage in magnetic local time than previously assumed. In contrast, during the storm main phase and early recovery phase when the solar wind dynamic pressure is low and the auroral electrojet index is high, wave power is shown to be distributed over all modes from low to high. The high‐mode waves are found to cover a wider range of magnetic local time than what was previously assumed. Furthermore, to reduce the 2nπ
ambiguity in resolving
m
, a cross‐pair analysis is performed on satellite field measurements for the first time, which is demonstrated to be effective in generating more reliable mode structure of ULF waves during high auroral electrojet periods.
Turbulence Observations Beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Davis Peter E.D. , Nicholls Keith W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIncreased ocean‐driven basal melting beneath Antarctic ice shelves causes grounded ice to flow into the ocean at an accelerated rate, with consequences for global sea level. The turbulent transfer of heat through the ice shelf‐ocean boundary layer is critical in setting the basal melt rate, yet the processes controlling this transfer are poorly understood and inadequately represented in global climate models. This creates large uncertainties in predictions of future sea level rise. Using a hot‐water drilled access hole, two turbulence instrument clusters (TICs) were deployed 2.5 and 13.5 m beneath Larsen C ice shelf in December 2011. Both instruments returned a yearlong record of turbulent velocity fluctuations, providing a unique opportunity to explore the turbulent processes within the ice shelf‐ocean boundary layer. Although the scaling between the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate and mean flow speed varies with distance from the ice shelf base, at both TICs the TKE dissipation rate is balanced entirely by the rate of shear production. The freshwater released by basal melting plays no role in the TKE balance. When the upper TIC is within the log‐layer, we derive an under‐ice drag coefficient of 0.0022 and a roughness length of 0.44 mm, indicating that the ice base is smooth. Finally, we demonstrate that although the canonical three‐equation melt rate parameterization can accurately predict the melt rate for this example of smooth ice underlain by a cold, tidally forced boundary layer, the law of the wall assumption employed by the parameterization does not hold at low flow speeds.