bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Inhibitory Activity towards Monoamine Oxidase A and B of 8‐Functionalized 3‐Fluoro‐2‐methyl‐benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones
Authors: Jafari Behzad , Jalil Saquib , Zaib Sumera , Safarov Sayfidin , Khalikova Muattar , Ospanov Meirambek , Yelibayeva Nazym , Abilov Zharylkasyn A. , Turmukhanova Mirgul Z. , Kalugin Sergey N. , Ehlers Peter , Iqbal Jamshed , Langer Peter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract8‐Chloro‐3‐fluoro‐2‐methyl‐benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐one was synthesized and employed in various palladium catalysed cross‐coupling‐reactions, including Suzuki‐Miyaura, Sonogashira and Buchwald‐Hartwig reactions, delivering 8‐aryl‐, 8‐alkynyl‐ and 8‐amino‐3‐fluoro‐2‐methyl‐benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones in good to excellent yields. The synthesized derivatives were analysed for their monoamine oxidase (MAO−A and MAO−B) inhibitory potential. Most of the compounds exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activity towards MAO−A and/or MAO−B. Docking analysis was performed to verify the experimental results. Hence, 8‐substituted‐3‐fluoro‐2‐methyl‐benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones might be potential lead compounds towards novel monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
Investigating the factors which impact SPI implementation initiatives in software SMEs—A systematic map and review
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Sangal Amrit Lal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContextFor successful initiation of software process improvement (SPI) initiatives in software SMEs, it is vital for the practitioners to have deep understanding of various SPI inhibitors.ObjectiveThe paper has the following objectives: investigate factors which impact SPI implementation initiatives in software SMEs, synthesize available evidence, identify gaps between existing approaches available in the literature, and to develop the taxonomy of the factors.MethodsDatabase search and snowballing procedure are adapted to perform the systematic mapping and review, which includes 105 primary studies published between 2002 and 2018. Also, we reviewed the empirical studies for their rigor and relevance.ResultsA total of 16 inhibitors have been identified and are grouped into PMBOK knowledge areas framework. From the rigor and relevance scores, it is observed that despite the research has been conducted in an industrial context, it lacks rigor (mean = 1.79) and thus hinders the possibility of generalizing the results. This calls for more studies with thorough empirical analysis and validation using adequate statistical tests.ConclusionsThe results can help the practitioners to understand the dynamics of factors, which undermine SPI implementation in software SMEs and also to assist them in the development of effective control and mitigation strategies.
Light‐Driven Sandwich ZnO/TiO2/Pt Janus Micromotors: Schottky Barrier Suppression by Addition of TiO2 Atomic Interface Layers into ZnO/Pt Micromachines Leading to Enhanced Fuel‐Free Propulsion
Authors: Pourrahimi Amir Masoud , Villa Katherine , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConventional binary light‐driven micromotors, based on semiconducting photocatalysts and metal junctions, have mostly shown limited speed and charge separation/transport due to their not well‐designed interfaces. Here ZnO/Pt Janus micromotors with atomically smooth interfaces are introduced, which show fast light‐driven and fuel‐free propulsion (15 body‐length s−1). Furthermore, the speed of ZnO/Pt micromotors is increased by ≈60% with a few atomic amorphous TiO2 photocatalyst interlayers. The new photocatalysts' interfaces, i.e., ZnO/TiO2, provide type II heterojunctions, leading to an increase in the number of electron/hole pairs and then improving the electron transfer to Pt metal. This effective charge separation/transfer results in a faster electrophoretic motion of the novel ternary ZnO/TiO2/Pt micromotors. The concept of the type II heterojunction, which is well known in photocatalysis communities, is used in light‐driven micromotors as a new approach and paves the way for the next‐generation of faster fuel‐free “green” micromotors.
Generic loop effects of new scalars and fermions in b → sℓ+ℓ− and a vector-like 4th generation
Authors: Arnan Pere , Crivellin Andreas , Fedele Marco , Mescia Federico 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

In this article we investigate in detail the possibility of accounting for the b → sℓ
+
ℓ
− anomalies via box contributions involving with new scalars and fermions. For this purpose, we first write down the most general Lagrangian which can generate the desired effects and then calculate the generic expressions for all relevant b → s Wilson coefficients. Here we extend previous analysis by allowing that the new particles can also couple to right-handed Standard Model (SM) fermions as preferred by recent b → sℓ
+
ℓ
− data and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.
In the second part of this article we illustrate this generic approach for a UV complete model in which we supplement the Standard Model by a 4th generation of vector-like fermions and a real scalar field. This model allows one to coherently address the observed anomalies in b → sℓ
+
ℓ
− transitions and in a

μ
without violating the bounds from other observables (in particular B

s
−

$$ {\overline{B}}_s $$

B
¯

s

mixing) or LHC searches. In fact, we find that our global fit to this model, after the recent experimental updates, is very good and prefers couplings to right-handed SM fermions, showing the importance of our generic setup and calculation performed in the first part of the article.
Electrodeposition of Composite Ni-TiO2 Coatings from Aqueous Acetate Baths
Authors: Mech Krzysztof 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, results concerning electrochemical deposition of Ni-TiO2 composite coatings are presented. The influence of electrode potential, concentration of TiO2 in the electrolyte, as well as the influence of magnetohydrodynamic effect (MHD) on deposition rate, composition, current efficiency, structure, surface states, and coatings surface morphology is described. Electrochemical studies were preceded by thermodynamic analysis of the system. In addition, the electrokinetic potential (ZP) of TiO2 particles in applied electrolyte was determined. Electrodeposited composites contained up to 2.15 wt. pct of TiO2. Depending on the applied electrolysis conditions, the current efficiency recorded up to 31.7 pct for B = 0 T and up to 34.2 for B = 1 T. Electrochemical studies as well as further material characterizations indicated the strong influence of the magnetic field on processes taking place at the electrode surface. Several results indicated that the synthesis process is accompanied by precipitation of nickel hydroxides and nickel hydrides as well as by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The obtained coatings were also characterized in order to determine their photoelectrochemical properties.
Impacts of climate change on the potential forest productivity based on a climate-driven biophysical model in northeastern China
Authors: Gao Wen-Qiang , Lei Xiang-Dong , Fu Li-Yong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClimate warming is expected to influence forest growth, composition and distribution. However, accurately estimating and predicting forest biomass, potential productivity or forest growth is still a challenge for forest managers dealing with land-use at the stand to regional levels. In the present study, we predicted the potential productivity (PP) of forest under current and future climate scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) in Jilin province, northeastern China by using Paterson’s Climate Vegetation and Productivity (CVP) index model. The PP was validated by comparing it with the mean and maximum net primary production calculated from light energy utilization (GLM_PEM). Our results indicated that using the CVP index model is partially valid for predicting the potential forest productivity in northeastern China. PP exhibited obvious spatial heterogeneity varying from 4.6 to 8.9 m3 ha−1 year−1with an increasing tendency from northwest to southeast driven by the precipitation across the region. The number of vegetation-active months, precipitation and insolation coefficient were identified as the primary factors affecting PP, but no significant relationship was found for warmest temperature or temperature fluctuation. Under future climate scenarios, PP across the Jilin Province is expected to increase from 1.38% (RCP2.6 in 2050) to 15.30% (RCP8.5 in 2070), especially in the eastern Songnen Plain (SE) for the RCP8.5 scenarios.
A 24‐week double‐blind placebo‐controlled study of the efficacy and safety of the AMPA modulator S47445 in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and depressive symptoms
Authors: Bernard Katy , Gouttefangeas Sylvie , Bretin Sylvie , Galtier Stéphanie , Robert Philippe , Holthoff‐Detto Vjera , Cummings Jeffrey , Pueyo Maria 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionS47445 is a novel positive allosteric modulator of alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionic acid receptors that may emerge as a favorable candidate for the symptomatic treatment of cognitive and depressive disorders in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) of mild to moderate severity and with depressive symptoms.MethodsFor this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled 24‐week phase II trial, 520 outpatients aged between 55 and 85 years, with probable AD at mild to moderate stages (a Mini‐Mental State Examination score of 24‐15 inclusive) and exhibiting depressive symptoms (Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia [CSDD] ≥ 8) were recruited in twelve countries and randomized to 3 doses of S47445 (5‐15‐50 mg) or placebo. The primary end point was the change from baseline in the 11‐item Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive subscale (ADAS‐Cog) total score at week 24. Secondary measures included the Disability Assessment for Dementia, Mini‐Mental State Examination, ADAS‐Cog 13‐item, CSDD, Clinical Global Impression of Change (Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study‐CGIC), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and safety criteria.ResultsBaseline characteristics were comparable between the 4 groups. After 24 weeks, no statistically significant treatment difference was demonstrated between S47445 (5, 15 or 50 mg/d) and placebo on cognition (ADAS‐Cog), function (Disability Assessment for Dementia), or depressive symptoms (CSDD). An improvement on neuropsychiatric symptoms assessed by NPI was evidenced at the lower dose 5 mg/d (Δ ‐2.55, P = .023, post hoc analysis) compared to placebo. CSDD and total NPI scores improved in all groups including placebo. There were no specific and/or unexpected safety signals observed with any of the S47445 doses.DiscussionS47445 administered for 24 weeks was safe and well tolerated by patients with mild to moderate AD; the compound did not show significant benefits over placebo on cognition, function, or depressive symptoms.
Life and Mind: Varieties of Neo-Aristotelianism: Naive, Sophisticated, Hegelian
Authors: Kern Andrea 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn his treatment of subjective mind, Hegel argues that the development that characterizes the vital process of a human individual is logically unique in that it dissolves the contradiction between two logical determinations that characterize any vital activity: the contradiction between the ‘immediate singularity’ of the subject of this process and its ‘abstract generality’. Hegel employs the term Bildung to characterize any vital activity that has this form. The idea that the distinction between human life and non-human life is a logical distinction is one of the main lessons that Hegel thinks we should learn from Aristotle's treatment of the idea of life. In this article I distinguish between two contemporary varieties of this Aristotelian idea: a sophisticated variety that emphasizes the idea of second nature in order to characterize the distinctiveness of the human, and a naive variety that thinks of the human's uniqueness in terms of characterizations that already belong to its first nature. I argue that Hegel is neither sophisticated nor naive but offers a third variety of Neo-Aristotelianism that solves the difficulties of the other two. This has decisive consequences for his understanding of Bildung. Although the notion of Bildung describes an empirical process, Hegel argues, it is not an empirical concept. Rather, it is the concrete concept of the process of actualization that characterizes a self-conscious form of life that reflects the inner temporality of this form's actuality.
Direct numerical simulations of Taylor–Couette turbulence: the effects of sand grain roughness
Authors: Berghout Pieter , Zhu Xiaojue , Chung Daniel , Verzicco Roberto , Stevens Richard J. A. M. , Lohse Detlef 
Published: June 2019

Progress in roughness research, mapping any given roughness geometry to its fluid dynamic behaviour, has been hampered by the lack of accurate and direct measurements of skin-friction drag, especially in open systems. The Taylor–Couette (TC) system has the benefit of being a closed system, but its potential for characterizing irregular, realistic, three-dimensional (3-D) roughness has not been previously considered in depth. Here, we present direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of TC turbulence with sand grain roughness mounted on the inner cylinder. The model proposed by Scotti (Phys. Fluids, vol. 18, 031701, 2006) has been modified to simulate a random rough surface of monodisperse sand grains. Taylor numbers range from $Ta=1.0\times 10^{7}$(corresponding to $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=82$) to $Ta=1.0\times 10^{9}$ ($Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=635$). We focus on the influence of the roughness height $k_{s}^{+}$ in the transitionally rough regime, through simulations of TC with rough surfaces, ranging from $k_{s}^{+}=5$ up to $k_{s}^{+}=92$. We analyse the global response of the system, expressed both by the dimensionless angular velocity transport $Nu_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}$ and by the friction factor $C_{f}$. An increase in friction with increasing roughness height is accompanied with enhanced plume ejection from the inner cylinder. Subsequently, we investigate the local response of the fluid flow over the rough surface. The equivalent sand grain roughness $k_{s}^{+}$ is calculated to be $1.33k$, where $k$ is the size of the sand grains. We find that the downwards shift of the logarithmic layer, due to transitionally rough sand grains exhibits remarkably similar behaviour to that of the Nikuradse (VDI-Forsch., vol. 361, 1933) data of sand grain roughness in pipe flow, regardless of the Taylor number dependent constants of the logarithmic layer. Furthermore, we find that the dynamical effects of the sand grains are contained to the roughness sublayer $h_{r}$ with $h_{r}=2.78k_{s}$.
Convection regimes induced by local boundary heating in a liquid–gas system
Authors: Bekezhanova Victoria B. , Ovcharova A. S. 
Published: June 2019

In the framework of the complete formulation of the conjugate problem, the liquid–gas flow structure arising upon local heating using thermal sources is investigated numerically. The two-layer system is confined by solid impermeable walls. The Navier–Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation in the ‘streamfunction–vorticity’ variables are used to describe the media motion. The dynamic conditions at the interface are formulated in terms of the tangential and normal velocities, while the temperature conditions at the external boundaries of the system take into account the presence of local heaters. The influence of the number of heaters and heating modes on the dynamics and character of the appearing convective regimes is analysed. The steady and commutated heating modes for one and two heaters arranged at the lower boundary are investigated. The heating initiates convective and thermocapillary mechanisms causing the fluid motion. Transient regimes with the successive formation of two-vortex, quadruple-vortex and two-vortex flows are observed before the stabilization of the system in the uniform heating mode. A stable thermocapillary deflection appears at the interface above the heater. The commutated mode of heating entails oscillations of the interface with a change in the deflection form and the formation of travelling vortices in the fluids. The impact of particular mechanisms on the flow patterns is analysed. The paper presents typical distributions of the velocity and temperature fields in the system and the position of the interface for the considered cases.
Assessment and Development of Bone Preparation for Radiocarbon Dating at HEKAL
Authors: Major István , Futó István , Dani János , Cserpák-Laczi Orsolya , Gasparik Mihály , Jull A J Timothy , Molnár Mihály 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBone is one of the most complex sample materials used for radiocarbon (14C) dating. The installation of the EnvironMICADAS AMS at HEKAL (department of ICER) in 2011 required the adoption of new sample preparation techniques for small bone samples. Since then, hundreds of procedural background and known-age bones have been processed using our modified Longin method (MLM) and dated along with unknown samples. Their results are used in this study to assess the reproducibility of our current bone preparation method and the real uncertainty of the final age result. In addition, using the background samples, which are included in each bone measurement batch, blank correction of the unknown samples could also be performed. The mean F14C value of our bone blanks is generally better than 0.005 (∼42,500 BP) alongside 0.0013 SD. Good reproducibility was confirmed by the results of the laboratory known-age bone as well, where the standard deviation of the mean is better than 0.0025. In addition, the results of the three bone samples used in an ultrafiltration (UF) test study did not show notable differences from the ones obtained by our current protocol in 1σ uncertainty range but more experiments will be performed in the near future.
Association of the Dietary-Based Diabetes-Risk Score (DDS) with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) project
Authors: Donazar-Ezcurra Mikel , Lopez-del Burgo Cristina , Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel A. , Dominguez Ligia J. , Basterra-Gortari Francisco J. , de Irala Jokin , Bes-Rastrollo Maira 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is crucial to identify people at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to implement preventive interventions in order to address these pandemics. A simple score exclusively based on dietary components, the Dietary-Based Diabetes-Risk Score (DDS) showed a strong inverse association with incident T2DM. The objective was to assess the association between DDS and the risk of GDM in a cohort of Spanish university graduates. The ‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’ project is a prospective and dynamic cohort which included data of 3455 women who notified pregnancies between 1999 and 2012. The diagnosis of GDM is self-reported and further confirmed by physicians. A validated 136-item semi-quantitative FFQ was used to assess pre-gestational dietary habits. The development of the DDS was aimed to quantify the association between the adherence to this a priori dietary score and T2DM incidence. The score exclusively included dietary components (nine food groups with reported inverse associations with T2DM incidence and three food groups which reported direct associations with T2DM). Three categories of adherence to the DDS were assessed: low (11–24), intermediate (25–39) and high (40–60). The upper category showed an independent inverse association with the risk of incident GDM compared with the lowest category (multivariate-adjusted OR 0·48; 95 % CI 0·24, 0·99; P for linear trend: 0·01). Several sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these results. These results reinforce the importance of pre-gestational dietary habits for reducing GDM and provide a brief tool to practically assess the relevant dietary habits in clinical practice.
Shell variations in the gastropod,Monodonta labio, in the North-western Pacific: the important role of temperature in the evolution process
Authors: Zhao Dan , Kong Ling-Feng , Sasaki Takenori , Li Qi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMolluscan shells showing phenotypic variations are ideal models for studying evolution and plasticity. In north-eastern Asia, genetic and morphological diversity of the gastropod,Monodonta labio, were assumed to be influenced by both palaeoclimatic changes and current ecological factors. In this study, we examined spatial variations in shell shape ofM. labiousing general measurement and geometric morphometric analysis. We also investigated whether shell shape variation is best explained by environmental gradients or by genetic structuring, based on our prior molecular phylogeographic study. Two common morphological forms were observed among Chinese populations and in the adjacent Asian areas. Both the analyses revealed separation patterns in morphological variations of shell shape among the clades and populations. Environmental modelling analysis showed a significant correlation between shape variations and local maximum temperatures of the warmest month, indicating the role of natural selection in the evolution of this species. Data obtained in this study, combined with the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) molecular phylogenetic data from the prior study, showed that morphological variations inM. labiowere constrained by both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. We hypothesized that geographic separation by the Dongshan Landbridge was the first step towards its diversification, and that the temperature gradient between the East China Sea and South China Sea probably was the selective force driving the divergence of its morphological variations.
On the future of the giant South American river turtle Podocnemis expansa
Authors: Forero-Medina German , Ferrara Camila R. , Vogt Richard C. , Fagundes Camila K. , Balestra Rafael Antônio M. , Andrade Paulo C. M. , Lacava Roberto , Bernhard Rafael , Lipman Alison J. , Lenz Ana Julia , Ferrer Arnaldo , Calle Arsenio , Aponte Andres F. , Calle-Rendón Bayron R. , Santos Camilo Cássia , Perrone Elis , Miraña Esteban , Cunha Fabio A. G. , Loja Eva , Del Rio Jennifer , Vera Fernandez Jorge Luiz , Hermández Omar E. , Del Aguila Rafael , Pino Rafael , Cueva Ruben , Martinez Sindy , Diniz Bernardes Virgínia Campos , Sainz Lila , Horne Brian D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is a long history of exploitation of the South American river turtle Podocnemis expansa. Conservation efforts for this species started in the 1960s but best practices were not established, and population trends and the number of nesting females protected remained unknown. In 2014 we formed a working group to discuss conservation strategies and to compile population data across the species’ range. We analysed the spatial pattern of its abundance in relation to human and natural factors using multiple regression analyses. We found that > 85 conservation programmes are protecting 147,000 nesting females, primarily in Brazil. The top six sites harbour > 100,000 females and should be prioritized for conservation action. Abundance declines with latitude and we found no evidence of human pressure on current turtle abundance patterns. It is presently not possible to estimate the global population trend because the species is not monitored continuously across the Amazon basin. The number of females is increasing at some localities and decreasing at others. However, the current size of the protected population is well below the historical population size estimated from past levels of human consumption, which demonstrates the need for concerted global conservation action. The data and management recommendations compiled here provide the basis for a regional monitoring programme among South American countries.