bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Tax - Condition and Prospects
Authors: Kisiel Roman , Idźkowska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2019

During the recent years the issues of taxation on the family agricultural farms has been neglected frequently. Currently, with the discussions pending in Poland on the planned changes in that area, the issues of taxation imposed on agricultural farming requires a new approach. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the actual tax burden on farms in Poland and to investigate the impact of agricultural tax on the formation of revenue of local government. However, an important is to consult opinions of the farmers about the individual tax burden farming structures as well as the entire system of taxation. It is important also to propose changes in the tax applied to the Polish agriculture. Suggested by farmers alternatives in the taxation of individual farms can be used as an attempt to adjust the tax system in our country, to the solutions applied in EU member states. The paper presents the analysis of the taxation on family agricultural farms in Poland with particular focus on the agricultural tax. For the purpose of evaluating the actual burdens to the farms resulting from that title and the analysis of the volume of tax revenues to the budgets of selected communes in 2010, the method of secondary analysis of statistical data originating from the commune administration offices situated in the area of Mazowieckie voivodship was applied. It was analyzed the budgetary resolutions and reports on their implementation in the surveyed municipalities. The authors conducted the study using a questionnaire interview. The studies encompassing 200 family agricultural farms aimed at obtaining the opinions from farmers concerning the taxation system in Poland and possibilities of introducing changes proposed by the State.
Optimal Land Use Analysis Using Lindenmayer Grammars
Authors: Żukowska Urszula , Kalewska Grażyna 
Published: July 2019

In today's world, when it is so important to use every piece of land for a particular purpose, both economically and ecologically, identifying optimal land use is a key issue. For this reason, an analysis of the optimal land use in a section of the city of Olsztyn, using the L-system Urban Development computer program, was chosen as the aim of this paper. The program uses the theories of L-systems and the cartographic method to obtain results in the form of sequences of productions or maps. For this reason, the first chapters outline both theories, i.e. the cartographic method to identify optimal land use and Lindenmayer grammars (called L-systems). An analysis based on a fragment of the map of Olsztyn was then carried out. Two functions were selected for the analysis: agricultural and forest-industrial. The results are presented as maps and sequences in individual steps.
Assessment of Poland's Economic Policy During te Crisis
Authors: Krajewski Stefan 
Published: July 2019

The rapid weakening of economic activity, covering most states in the world, gives rise to a lively discussion on the choice of methods to tackle the crisis, the legitimacy and effectiveness of various economic policies, the role of the state and the scope of its intervention in the economy. The paper evaluates the Polish economic policy in recent years. This refers to the situation prevailing in the EU and the USA. I conclude that the Polish economy during the crisis remained relatively stable, without having to provide the emergency aid from the outside. The development of such a situation has been affected by different reasons, including: - The benefits of the so-called "backwardness rent", which resulted, among others, in the inflow of EU funds (Poland was in 2007-2013 and in will be in 2014-2020 the biggest beneficiary of the EU budget); - The effects of decisions on changes in the tax and social security, taken for political reasons (before the crisis); - The controversial withdrawal from the funded pension system, reducing the budget deficit and public debt; - The prudent monetary policy and anti-inflation policy pursued over many years. Actions taken in Poland are primarily focused on reducing costs, which differs quite significantly from the economic policy dominant in the U.S. and the "old" EU countries which generally pursue expansionary fiscal policy and a policy of cheap money. Polish solution facilitates the achievement of short-term fiscal sustainability, but does not create favorable conditions for the development in the long-term (insufficient investment, petrification of economic structure, lack of innovation).
Characteristics and Perspectives of Highly Skilled Graduates in the Italian Labour Market
Authors: Losurdo Francesco , Dileo Ivano , Pereiro Tha`ıs Garcia 
Published: July 2019

The central aim of this paper is to examine the relationships and implications of the education-employment nexus for recent university graduates in Italy by analysing the main elements that influence college graduates' employment probabilities three years after graduation. In addition, it provides a comparison among Italian macro-areas regarding graduates' region of residence in 2010. In this sample, continuous work experience during undergraduate studies, further postgraduate studies, older graduation ages and being married or divorced are characteristics that increase the probability of being employed compared to being unemployed three years after graduation. We used micro-data from a nation-wide survey carried out by the Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) in 2011 on a representative sample of 33,696 graduates belonging to the 2007 cohort. The results confirmed the existence of significant differences in graduates' employment among Italian macro-areas. Graduates who were employed in the South in 2010 have shown a strong marked profile that is unfavorable to women and is distinguished by the oldest ages of graduates at the time of graduation and in post-graduation pursuits.
Macroeconomic Conditions Determining the Level and the Rate of Changes of Wages and Salaries in Poland in 2007-2012
Authors: Kwiatkowska Walentyna 
Published: July 2019

This study characterized and evaluated the level and rate of change in wages and salaries in Poland in 2007-2012 and analysed the main macroeconomic determinants of their development. The analysis present changes to average wage, minimal wage and fair wage. Their level and rate of change are determined by macroeconomic factors, particularly economic growth processes, changes in productivity of labour, inflation rate and the situation on the labour market. A quite strong correlation can be observed between the rate of changes of the real GDP and the development of average nominal wages. Inflation processes affect the growth of nominal wages but they lead to a decrease in real wages. The growth of the unemployment rate affected the reduction of the growth rate of nominal wages.
Is the Minimum Wage Detrimental to the Economy?
Authors: Krajewska Anna , Krajewski Stefan 
Published: July 2019

The minimum wage in Poland is relatively low. It amounts only 1,600 PLN in 2013. Therefore, it is no surprise that the trade unions have been making efforts to have it raised to the level of 50% of the average salary. However, this has been met with staunch resistance from employers. The liberal model of the economy, which dominates in Poland, favours employers. Moreover, the attitude of the government, politicians, the media, as well as many scientists towards this is not favourable. These are the objections usually raised against the increase of minimum wage: - raising the minimum wage entails unemployment growth; - an increase in the minimum wage entails an increase in the average pay, with a consequent increase in the inflation rate; - the amount of the minimum wage and its growth rate is frequently the basis for an index-linked pay increase in the budget institutions and some social benefits, which results in an increase in fixed budget spending, which is not justified economically; - the minimum wage level, regarded by employers as too high, results in the practice of paying workers outside the official payroll, thereby extending the grey area; - an increase in the minimum wage is a threat to businesses, especially to micro-enterprises, which operate on the brink of insolvency and may face bankruptcy; - an increase in the minimum wage raises the cost of labour and makes businesses less competitive. This paper, in its later part, provides arguments against the allegations. There is a one-sided view of the issue of the minimum wage in Poland. Wages are regarded exclusively as an element of the cost of labour and, as such, they should not increase as this is detrimental to entrepreneurs and to the economy. Such analyses disregard the social and economic (in a broad context) aspects of having a minimum wage.
Long-Term Unemployment in Poland in 2008-2012 - Tendencies, Structure and Selected Determinants
Authors: Kucharski Leszek 
Published: July 2019

This study presents the structure and tendencies in long-term unemployment in Poland in the years 2008-2012. This study identifies the groups of people with an increased risk of long-term unemployment. The analyses produced the following conclusions. The groups with the highest risk of long-term unemployment include: singles, people aged of 55 and above and people with a low level of education. Young people with university and general secondary education faced the lowest risk of long-term unemployment.
The food expenditure in Poland and other European Union countries – a comparative analysis
Authors: Maciejewski Grzegorz 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to present the results and conclusions of a comparative analysis of Poland and other European Union countries regarding the level of food expenditure, the share of food expenditure in the structure of total expenditure and the direction of changes in these areas that took place in the years 2006-2016.
The conducted analysis employed the desk research method using logical inference methods, based on Eurostat data and academic literature. For a more detailed analysis of the research findings, a cluster analysis was carried out using one of the hierarchical methods – the Ward’s method.
The obtained results of the analyses permitted the conclusion that disproportionate food consumption in the household sector between individual countries should still be considered as large – although the differentiation clearly decreased in the analysed period. The less developed countries from Central and Eastern Europe are still far from adopting the service consumption model that would allow for a more complete satisfaction of higher-ranking needs.
Consumer engagement and the perception of packaging information
Authors: Mruk-Tomczak Dobrosława , Jerzyk Ewa , Wawrzynkiewicz Natalia 
Published: July 2019

Packaging is an important factor influencing purchasing decisions, especially in the case of food products. Packaging draws the consumer’s attention and communicates with the consumer at a critical time in the purchasing process, providing information, while instructing and educating. The significance of the information varies depending on the product and on the information needs of the consumer stemming from his or her attitude. The level of consumer engagement in the purchase can significantly determine the perception of information – both emotional and factual - on the packaging.
The aim of the article was to research the perception of the emotional content and factual information on the packaging of fruit juice, taking into account the level of consumer engagement in the purchase. It was assumed that high consumer engagement would result in greater visual attention to the product information. The tools used achieve the goal included eye-tracking and a questionnaire.
The results have indicated that the level of consumer engagement in the purchase of fruit juice (purchase frequency and motivation) does not affect preferences regarding the type of the perceived information.
Rapid evaluation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of mulberry leaf tea during storage using electronic tongue coupled with chemometrics
Authors: Ruengdech Anchalee , Siripatrawan Ubonrat , Sangnark Arpathsra , Benedetti Simona , Buratti Susanna 
Published: July 2019

INTRODUCTION: The consumption of mulberry leaf tea is popularly increasing worldwide due to its potential health benefit associated with phenolic compounds. To ensure the quality, the content of phenolic compounds of mulberry leaf tea need to be monitored throughout the storage period. OBJECTIVE: This research proposed a rapid prediction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of mulberry leaf tea using an electronic tongue (e-tongue). METHODS: Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH) of mulberry leaf tea stored at 30–60°C for 12 months were measured by an e-tongue and conventional chemical analyses. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was applied to predict chemicals parameters by e-tongue data. RESULTS: The PLS models for TPC, TFC, FRAP, and DPPH achieved good predictability with high values of coefficient of determination ([Formula: see text] = 0.956, 0.964, 0.926, and 0.943, respectively) and gave low mean square error of prediction. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that e-tongue can be applied as a rapid and non-destructive tool for the simultaneous evaluation of phenolics compounds and antioxidant activity to ensure the quality and health benefits of mulberry leaf tea.
On the non-disabled perceptions of four common mobility devices in Norway: A comparative study based on semantic differentials
Authors: Boiani Josieli Aparecida Marques , Barili Sara Raquel Martins , Medola Fausto Orsi , Sandnes Frode Eika 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Mobility devices such as walkers and wheelchairs are often associated with certain stigma. Such devices must be designed with the goal of reducing stigma to decrease the abandonment-rate. Yet there is little empirical evidence on how mobility devices are perceived. OBJECTIVE: This study set out to explore how ([Formula: see text] 40) non-disabled individuals perceived four common mobility devices including a traditional walker, rollator, manual wheelchair and a powered wheelchair. METHODS: A questionnaire based on semantic differential scales was designed. RESULTS: The results show that the more elaborate devices are perceived as more aesthetical and lighter, yet more unsafe and impractical. Moreover, respondents familiar with mobility devices through family and friends gave more biased negative responses in terms of device characteristics compared to non-experienced respondents. Next, non-experienced respondents perceived the manual wheelchair to be more stigmatizing compared to experienced respondents. CONCLUSIONS: The findings evidence that different designs of products in the same category can evoke different perceptions of non-users regarding practical, aesthetical and symbolic aspects. Insight into how different design characteristics are associated with perceptions of non-users may contribute to the comprehension of assistive technology stigma and may support design decisions that minimize negative judgments and emphasize positive perceptions.
GAMBARAN KECEMASAN DENGAN PERUBAHAN TEKANAN DARAH DAN DENYUT NADI PADA PASIEN EKSTRAKSI GIGI DI RSUD BARRU
Authors: Lesmana Hans , Supriatna Agus 
Published: July 2019

Rasa cemas merupakan salah satu tipe gangguan emosi yang berhubungan dengan situsai tak terduga atau dianggap berbahaya. Adapun tanda-tanda fisiologis yang menyertainya yaitu, keringat, tekanan darah meningkat, denyut nadi bertambah, berdebar, mulut kering, dan ketengangan otot. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu, mengetahui gambaran kecemasan dengan perubahan tekanan darah dan denyut nadi pada pasien ekstraksi gigi diRSUD barru . Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional study yang dilakukan diRSUD Barru. Populasi dan sampel adalah seluruh pasien yang berkunjung diRSUD barru yang ingin melakukan tindakan ekstraksi gigi. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Data diambil dengan melakukan pengukuran tekanan darah dan denyut nadi yang dilakukan saat menunggu diruang tunggu, saat berada dikursi dental sebelum ekstraksi gigi, dan setelah ekstraksi gigi. Hasil penelitian dari 31 sampel yang didapat sebanyak 16 orang (51,6%) yang mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah dan denyut nadi sebelum dan sesudah ektraksi gigi. Usia 25-34 tahun merupakan usia terbanyak mengalami kecemasan serta berjenis kelamin perempuan yang paling banyak mengalami cemas.
MODIFIED FEEDING BOTTLE FOR INFANT WITH CLEFT LIP AND PALATE AT THE PERIPHERAL AREA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Mardiyantoro Fredy , Hapsari Diwya Nugrahini , Milla Lalita El 
Published: July 2019

Introduction:A newborn can suck at breast and latch well to get breast milk, but infants born with cleft lip and palate have difficulties to press the nipple by their tongues towards palatal direction. Case:A 10-day-old female infant came with complaint of not being able to breastfeed from a normal bottle and accordingly need to use spoon for milk feeding. She was planned to perform first step operation at 3 months with minimum 10 pounds of body weight. For nutrient intake, nasogastric tube had been placed on the patient. Case management :At the first visit, impression procedure was performed using red wax material that previously warmed thus it can be shaped according to the defect on infant’s palate. Subsequently, feeding obturator was fabricated using the resulting cast. Fabrication of feeding obturator used putty impression material combined with feeding bottle nipple. Thereafter, the modified feeding bottle was tried in the patient’s mouth. Conclusion:the use of putty material combined with feeding bottle nipple in infants with cleft palate may function as obturator. Furthermore, correction using the one of the modified feeding bottle can be carried out every 1-2 weeks until surgical repair of the cleft palate is performed.Keywords: cleft palate, feeding bottle, putty material, nutrition
ESTETIK CROWN LENGTHENING DENGAN METODE MINIMAL INVASIF: EVALUASI 1 TAHUN
Authors: Kusumo Norman 
Published: July 2019

Latar belakang: senyum ideal merupakan hasil evaluasi dari analisa wajah dan komposisi gigi. Prinsip desain senyum seperti kategori tipe muka, posisi incisal edge, komponen gigi dan ketinggian gingival merupakan kunci dari harmoni senyum ideal. Metode konvensional crown lengthening dengan pembukaan flap saat koreksi tulang terkadang dapat menimbulkan resiko black triangle. Laporan kasus: pasien datang ke praktik pribadi dengan alasan keluhan estetik. Profil muka didapat long straight, posisi incisal edge saat senyum terlihat lebih dari 3 mm gingival exposure. Chu’s gauge digunakan untuk mengukur proporsi ideal gigi, gingival dan tulang alveolar. Koreksi tulang saat crown lengthening dilakukan tanpa membuka flap (flapless) pada, sehingga mengurangi resiko black triangle. Pembahasan: laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan teknik crown lengthening tanpa pembukaan flap bedasarkan kontrol 1 tahun pasca pembedahan. Prosedur crown lengthening dengan koreksi tulang alveolar dilakukan tanpa membuka flap dan dilakukan kontrol observasi pasien selama 3 bulan dan 1 tahun. Kesimpulan: observasi klinis 1 tahun terlihat stabil. Pengurangan tulang dengan metode flapless pada crown lengtheningmerupakan alternatif yang menawarkan hasil yang cukup menjanjikan.Latar belakang: senyum ideal merupakan hasil evaluasi dari analisa wajah dan komposisi gigi. Prinsip desain senyum seperti kategori tipe muka, posisi incisal edge, komponen gigi dan ketinggian gingival merupakan kunci dari harmoni senyum ideal. Metode konvensional crown lengthening dengan pembukaan flap saat koreksi tulang terkadang dapat menimbulkan resiko black triangle. Laporan kasus: pasien datang ke praktik pribadi dengan alasan keluhan estetik. Profil muka didapat long straight, posisi incisal edge saat senyum terlihat lebih dari 3 mm gingival exposure. Chu’s gauge digunakan untuk mengukur proporsi ideal gigi, gingival dan tulang alveolar. Koreksi tulang saat crown lengthening dilakukan tanpa membuka flap (flapless) pada, sehingga mengurangi resiko black triangle. Pembahasan: laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan teknik crown lengthening tanpa pembukaan flap bedasarkan kontrol 1 tahun pasca pembedahan. Prosedur crown lengthening dengan koreksi tulang alveolar dilakukan tanpa membuka flap dan dilakukan kontrol observasi pasien selama 3 bulan dan 1 tahun. Kesimpulan: observasi klinis 1 tahun terlihat stabil. Pengurangan tulang dengan metode flapless pada crown lengthening merupakan alternatif yang menawarkan hasil yang cukup menjanjikan.
Resilience of Student Viewed from Gender, Culture Background and Attachment of parents and Implication in Guidance and Counseling
Authors: Delano Vasco , Daharnis Daharnis , Karneli Yeni 
Published: July 2019

Resilience by disaster need to be grown in individual’s self in order that does not become problem in the development of individual to become a better person. Many factors affect resilience, including gender, cultural background and attachment of parents. This study aims to test the relevancy of resilience with several factors. This research uses quantitative approach with comparative descriptive method. The population is 912 students with a sample amounts 278 students with using Proportional Random Sampling. The instrument used is Likert scale model. Data were analyzed by three way ANOVA technique. The results showed that gender and attachment of parents affect individual’s resilience while culture significantly has no relevance resilience. The implications of this research will be discussed.
Perancangan Aplikasi Berbasis Android Untuk Diagnosis Penyakit Ginjal Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining
Authors: Toscany Afrizal Nehemia , Siswanto Agus 
Published: July 2019

The pattern of life that bad makes modern society must give up if it is faced with a kidney disease. Kidney disease can get worse because society did not have the time to do health checks, so kidney disease cannot be treated as early as possible. Therefore, the peniliti want to design the application of expert system for diagnosis of early kidney disease. Expert system on this research method using forward chaining rules where it is made into a form of if-then rules. Expert system knowledge base consists of 53 symptom data, disease data, 75 6 data rules and 5 data treatment. System modeling method used is the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Draft form questions to ask the doctor who made such direct symptoms that occur to users. The question is not shown all but will be pursed the possibility of kidney disease. Android-based application designed so that these applications can be run anywhere and anytime as long as the application is installed in a smartphone with Android OS.