bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and differentiation of pedunculate (Quercus robur) and sessile (Q. petraea) oaks
Authors: Jurkšienė Girmantė , Baranov Oleg Yu. , Kagan Dmitry I. , Kovalevič-Razumova Olja A. , Baliuckas Virgilijus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the parent–offspring genetic structure of the pedunculate oak (Quercus roburL.), sessile oak (Q. petraea[Matt.] Liebl.) and their hybrids. Forty half-sibQuercusfamilies and their maternal trees originating from one tree stand in southern Lithuania were analyzed using SSR and RAPD markers. Based on a preliminary study of leaf morphological traits, the individuals separated into six groups. The studied half-sib oak families were also compared for allelic diversity, including group variations; genotypic structure; genetic diversity; and the degree of genetic subdivision and differentiation. The level of genetic variation and subdivision was lower in the hybrid families than in the families of the parental species. Genotypic analysis of the half-sibling offspring showed the asymmetric nature of interspecific hybridization processes of pedunculate and sessile oaks in mixed stands.
Effects of n-butanol presence, inlet loading, empty bed residence time and starvation periods on the performance of a biotrickling filter removing cyclohexane vapors from air
Authors: Rybarczyk Piotr , Szulczyński Bartosz , Gospodarek Milena , Gębicki Jacek 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the results of investigations on the removal of cyclohexane vapors from air using a peat-perlite packed biotrickling filter. Effects of basic process parameters i.e. inlet loading and empty bed residence time as well as introduction of n-butanol to the treated air stream and starvation periods on the process performance were evaluated. The results show that the introduction of hydrophilic n-butanol results in an enhanced removal of hydrophobic cyclohexane comparing to the experiments where only cyclohexane was treated. Additionally, the biotrickling filter performance after the starvation events is regained to more extent for mixed system than for the single cyclohexane. A novel and interesting element of the paper is the application of an electronic nose for the process monitoring. Obtained results are discussed in the perspective of an influence of the presence of a compound with different affinity to aqueous phase on the removal efficiency of the compound with opposite chemical properties.
Sex‐specific composite scales for longitudinal studies of incipient Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Banks Sarah J. , Shifflett Benjamin , Berg Jody‐Lynn , Sundermann Erin , Peavy Guerry , Bondi Mark W. , Edland Steven D. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on cognitive decline differs by sex. Composite scores are useful as singular outcomes in clinical trials, yet to date these have not been developed to measure sex‐specific change.MethodWe derived optimal composites from component scales available in the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database among cognitively normal and mild cognitively impaired subjects who are cerebrospinal fluid amyloid‐β positive for early AD. Maximally sensitive composites were constructed separately for men and women using standard formulas. We compared the statistical power of the composites with the ADNI Prodromal Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite.ResultsAmong 9 cognitive measures and clinical dementia rating sum of boxes, the optimal sex‐specific composites included 5 measures, including the clinical dementia rating and 4 distinct cognitive measures. The sex‐specific composites consistently outperformed sex‐agnostic composites and the ADNI Prodromal Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite.DiscussionSex‐specific composite scales may improve the power of longitudinal studies of early AD and clinical trials.
Student-Managed Commodity Fund—A New Frontier in Experiential Learning
Authors: Massa Olga Isengildina , Ramsey A. Ford 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study provides a road map for creating and operating a student-managed investment fund (SMIF) as an experiential learning opportunity in commodity market analysis. We describe the reasons for implementing a SMIF and the benefits it offers relative to traditional simulation approaches. We outline the necessary steps for starting a SMIF and explain its organizational structure. We discuss a SMIF’s operation and main activities, which include recruitment, training, trading, and interaction with the client and alumni. The implications of participating in a SMIF are reviewed within a cost-benefit framework.
The American Sufis: Self-Help, Sufism, and Metaphysical Religion in Postcolonial Egypt
Authors: Zárate Arthur Shiwa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article examines an Arabic commentary on the American self-help pioneer Dale Carnegie's How to Stop Worrying and Start Living, written by a one-time leading intellectual of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, Muḥammad al-Ghazālī. Ghazālī’s 1956 commentary was perhaps the earliest manifestation of an influential genre of literature within the Islamic world today: “Islamic self-help.” Although scholars treat Islamic self-help as an effect of neoliberalism, this article reorients the study of Islamic self-help beyond neoliberalism by showing first, that Ghazālī’s early version of it emerged through a critical engagement with several ideological forms that relate in complex ways to neoliberalism's antecedent, liberalism; and second, that his Islamic self-help is best understood in terms of an Islamic encounter with American metaphysical religion made possible by Carnegie's text. It argues that Ghazālī’s Islamic self-help constituted a radical reconfiguration of Western self-help, one that replaced the ethics of self-reliance and autonomy with Islamic ethical sensibilities clustered around the notions of human insufficiency and dependence upon God. In doing so, it highlights how scholars of contemporary Islam might fruitfully pose the question of how novel intellectual trends and cultural forms, like self-help, become Islamic, instead of limiting their analysis to how Islam is reshaped by modern Euro-American thought, institutions, and practices.
To Kill or Not to Kill? The Challenge of Restraining Violence in a Balkan Community
Authors: Bergholz Max 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExplaining why restraint of violence becomes a strategy for armed groups has recently attracted the attention of researchers, especially political scientists. The emergent literature generally argues by way of macro-level statistical correlation, in which a single factor, such as the desire of armed groups to adhere to international norms about human rights or the existence of high levels of political education among fighters, is believed to explain the presence of restraint. Missing in this approach are close analyses of actual historical episodes of restraint. We thus lack comprehension of how those with ideas about restraining violence translate their thoughts into actions, especially in contexts such as civil wars. This article addresses this weakness by examining the history of a Balkan community wracked by intercommunal violence during 1941 to explain the puzzling practice of restraint in the midst of waves of retaliatory violence. Rather than identify a single factor, this micro-comparative case study reveals that a cluster of mostly endogenous factors, shaped significantly by ongoing violence, explains the successful practice of restraint. Methodologically, this article stresses the need for researchers of restraint to employ microhistorical and comparative methods. They hold the greatest potential to illuminate what remains insufficiently explained in the extant political science literature: the contingent local processes whereby a desire for restraint or escalation of violence—the existence of which may be conditioned by longer-term historical developments—becomes a reality in certain moments.
Slowing rates of regional exhumation in the western Himalaya: fission track evidence from the Indus Fan
Authors: Zhou Peng , Carter Andrew , Li Yuting , Clift Peter D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe use apatite fission track ages from sediments recovered by the International Ocean Discovery Program in the Laxmi Basin, Arabian Sea, to constrain exhumation rates in the western Himalaya and Karakoram since 15.5 Ma. With the exception of a Triassic population in the youngest 0.93 Ma samples supplied from western Peninsular India, apatite fission track ages are overwhelmingly Cenozoic, largely <25 Ma, consistent with both a Himalaya–Karakoram source and rapid erosion. Comparison of the minimum cooling age of each sample with depositional age (lag time) indicates an acceleration in exhumation between 7.8 and 7.0 Ma, with lag times shortening from ∼6.0 Myr at 8.5–7.8 Ma to being within error of zero between 7.0 and 5.7 Ma. Sediment supply at 7.0–5.7 Ma was largely from the Karakoram, and to a lesser extent the Himalaya, based on U–Pb zircon ages from the same samples. This time coincides with a period of drying in the Himalayan foreland caused by weaker summer monsoons and Westerly winds. It also correlates with a shift of erosion away from the Karakoram, Kohistan and the Tethyan Himalaya towards more erosion of the Lesser and Greater Himalaya and Nanga Parbat, as shown by zircon U–Pb provenance data, and especially after 5.7 Ma based on Nd isotope data. Samples younger than 5.7 Ma have lag times of ∼4.5 Myr, similar to Holocene Indus delta sediments.
Don Mauro's Letters:The Marquis of Villagarcía and the Imperial Networks of Patronage in Spain
Authors: Polo y La Borda Adolfo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn 1657, the marquis of Villagarcía was appointed as president of the Audiencia of Charcas. Although, he eventually declined the post, his nomination generated an unusual trail of private documents. Using my study of this correspondence as a base, I will discuss how the networks of patronage were built and sustained, how they operated, and how they impacted the global mobility of imperial officials. Patronage networks were indispensable to itinerant officials who relied on their clients, patrons, and brokers to help them govern distant regions by gathering resources and information, and implementing their objectives. Moreover, this particular case gives us a glimpse into the relationship between Villagarcía as husband and his wife, and the private assessments and negotiations surrounding the transatlantic journey.
IL-6-driven FasL promotes NF-κBp65/PUMA-mediated apoptosis in portal hypertensive gastropathy
Authors: Tan Siwei , Xu Minyi , Ke Bilun , Lu Yu , Liu Huiling , Jiang Jie , Wu Bin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMucosal epithelial apoptosis with non-specific inflammation is an essential pathological characteristic in portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG). However, whether a coordinated crosstalk between myeloid cells and epithelial cells involved in PHG remains unclear. IL-6, which is induced in the mucosa of PHG patients and mice, promotes FasL production via enhancing NF-κBp65 activation in myeloid cells, while blockage of IL-6 signaling by Tocilizumab or deletion of NF-κBp65 in myeloid cells attenuates the inflammatory response and Fas/FasL-mediated epithelial apoptosis in PHG. IL-6-driven FasL from myeloid cells combines with epithelial Fas receptor to encourage NF-κBp65/PUMA-mediated epithelial apoptosis in PHG, and inhibition of NF-κBp65 or knockout of PUMA alleviates Fas/FasL-mediated epithelial apoptosis in PHG. These results indicate that IL-6 drives FasL generation via NF-κBp65 in myeloid cells to promote Fas/NF-κBp65/PUMA-mediated epithelial apoptosis in PHG, and this coordinated crosstalk between myeloid cells and epithelial cells may provide a potential therapeutic target for PHG.
CircCDR1as upregulates autophagy under hypoxia to promote tumor cell survival via AKT/ERK½/mTOR signaling pathways in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Gao Ling , Dou Zhi-Chao , Ren Wen-Hao , Li Shao-Ming , Liang Xiao , Zhi Ke-Qian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAutophagy, as an important non-selective degradation mechanism, could promote tumor initiation and progression by maintaining cellular homeostasis and the cell metabolism as well as cell viability. CircCDR1as has been shown to function as an oncogene in cancer progression, however, it remains largely unknown as to how autophagy is regulated by circCDR1as in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we validated the functional roles of circCDR1as in regulation of autophagy in OSCC cells and further investigated how circCDR1as contributed to cell survival via up-regulating autophagy under a hypoxic microenvironment by using combination of human tissue model, in vitro cell experiments and in vivo mice model. We found that hypoxia promoted the expression level of circCDR1as in OSCC cells and elevated autophagy. In addition, circCDR1as further increased hypoxia-mediated autophagy by targeting multiple key regulators of autophagy. We revealed that circCDR1as enhanced autophagy in OSCC cells via inhibition of rapamycin (mTOR) activity and upregulation of AKT and ERK½ pathways. Overexpression of circCDR1as enhanced OSCC cells viability, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inhibited cell apoptosis under a hypoxic microenvironment. Moreover, circCDR1as promoted autophagy in OSCC cells by sponging miR-671-5p. Collectively, these results revealed that high expression of circCDR1as enhanced the viability of OSCC cells under a hypoxic microenvironment by promoting autophagy, suggesting a novel treatment strategy involving circCDR1as and the inhibition of autophagy in OSCC cells.
Double knock-out of Hmga1 and Hipk2 genes causes perinatal death associated to respiratory distress and thyroid abnormalities in mice
Authors: Gerlini Raffaele , Amendola Elena , Conte Andrea , Valente Valeria , Tornincasa Mara , Credendino Sara Carmela , Cammarota Francesca , Gentile Chiara , Di Guida Luigi , Paladino Simona , De Vita Gabriella , Fusco Alfredo , Pierantoni Giovanna Maria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe serine–threonine kinase homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) modulates important cellular functions during development, acting as a signal integrator of a wide variety of stress signals, and as a regulator of transcription factors and cofactors. We have previously demonstrated that HIPK2 binds and phosphorylates High-Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1), an architectural chromatinic protein ubiquitously expressed in embryonic tissues, decreasing its binding affinity to DNA. To better define the functional role of HIPK2 and HMGA1 interaction in vivo, we generated mice in which both genes are disrupted. About 50% of these Hmga1/Hipk2 double knock-out (DKO) mice die within 12 h of life (P1) for respiratory failure. The DKO mice present an altered lung morphology, likely owing to a drastic reduction in the expression of surfactant proteins, that are required for lung development. Consistently, we report that both HMGA1 and HIPK2 proteins positively regulate the transcriptional activity of the genes encoding the surfactant proteins. Moreover, these mice display an altered expression of thyroid differentiation markers, reasonably because of a drastic reduction in the expression of the thyroid-specific transcription factors PAX8 and FOXE1, which we demonstrate here to be positively regulated by HMGA1 and HIPK2. Therefore, these data indicate a critical role of HIPK2/HMGA1 cooperation in lung and thyroid development and function, suggesting the potential involvement of their impairment in the pathogenesis of human lung and thyroid diseases.
C9-ALS/FTD-linked proline–arginine dipeptide repeat protein associates with paraspeckle components and increases paraspeckle formation
Authors: Suzuki Hiroaki , Shibagaki Yoshio , Hattori Seisuke , Matsuoka Masaaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene has been identified as the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The repeat expansion undergoes unconventional translation to produce five dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). Although DPRs are thought to be neurotoxic, the molecular mechanism underlying the DPR-caused neurotoxicity has not been fully elucidated. The current study shows that poly-proline-arginine (poly-PR), the most toxic DPR in vitro, binds to and up-regulates nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) that plays an essential role as a scaffold non-coding RNA during the paraspeckle formation. The CRISPR-assisted up-regulation of endogenous NEAT1 causes neurotoxicity. We also show that the poly-PR modulates the function of several paraspeckle-localizing heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Furthermore, dysregulated expression of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) up-regulates NEAT1 expression and induces neurotoxicity. These results suggest that the increase in the paraspeckle formation may be involved in the poly-PR- and TDP-43-mediated neurotoxicity.
Impaired Wnt/β-catenin pathway leads to dysfunction of intestinal regeneration during necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Li Bo , Lee Carol , Cadete Marissa , Zhu Haitao , Koike Yuhki , Hock Alison , Wu Richard Y. , Botts Steven R. , Minich Adam , Alganabi Mashriq , Chi Lijun , Zani-Ruttenstock Elke , Miyake Hiromu , Chen Yong , Mutanen Annika , Ngan Bo , Johnson-Henry Kathene C. , De Coppi Paolo , Eaton Simon , Määttänen Pekka , Delgado-Olguin Paul , Sherman Philip M. , Zani Augusto , Pierro Agostino 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating neonatal disease characterized by acute intestinal injury. Intestinal stem cell (ISC) renewal is required for gut regeneration in response to acute injury. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is essential for intestinal renewal and ISC maintenance. We found that ISC expression, Wnt activity and intestinal regeneration were all decreased in both mice with experimental NEC and in infants with acute active NEC. Moreover, intestinal organoids derived from NEC-injured intestine of both mice and humans failed to maintain proliferation and presented more differentiation. Administration of Wnt7b reversed these changes and promoted growth of intestinal organoids. Additionally, administration of exogenous Wnt7b rescued intestinal injury, restored ISC, and reestablished intestinal epithelial homeostasis in mice with NEC. Our findings demonstrate that during NEC, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is decreased, ISC activity is impaired, and intestinal regeneration is defective. Administration of Wnt resulted in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and avoidance of NEC intestinal injury.
A tri-ionic anchor mechanism drives Ube2N-specific recruitment and K63-chain ubiquitination in TRIM ligases
Authors: Kiss Leo , Zeng Jingwei , Dickson Claire F. , Mallery Donna L. , Yang Ji-Chun , McLaughlin Stephen H. , Boland Andreas , Neuhaus David , James Leo C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe cytosolic antibody receptor TRIM21 possesses unique ubiquitination activity that drives broad-spectrum anti-pathogen targeting and underpins the protein depletion technology Trim-Away. This activity is dependent on formation of self-anchored, K63-linked ubiquitin chains by the heterodimeric E2 enzyme Ube2N/Ube2V2. Here we reveal how TRIM21 facilitates ubiquitin transfer and differentiates this E2 from other closely related enzymes. A tri-ionic motif provides optimally distributed anchor points that allow TRIM21 to wrap an Ube2N~Ub complex around its RING domain, locking the closed conformation and promoting ubiquitin discharge. Mutation of these anchor points inhibits ubiquitination with Ube2N/Ube2V2, viral neutralization and immune signalling. We show that the same mechanism is employed by the anti-HIV restriction factor TRIM5 and identify spatially conserved ionic anchor points in other Ube2N-recruiting RING E3s. The tri-ionic motif is exclusively required for Ube2N but not Ube2D1 activity and provides a generic E2-specific catalysis mechanism for RING E3s.
Polariton nanophotonics using phase-change materials
Authors: Chaudhary Kundan , Tamagnone Michele , Yin Xinghui , Spägele Christina M. , Oscurato Stefano L. , Li Jiahan , Persch Christoph , Li Ruoping , Rubin Noah A. , Jauregui Luis A. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kim Philip , Wuttig Matthias , Edgar James H. , Ambrosio Antonio , Capasso Federico 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolaritons formed by the coupling of light and material excitations enable light-matter interactions at the nanoscale beyond what is currently possible with conventional optics. However, novel techniques are required to control the propagation of polaritons at the nanoscale and to implement the first practical devices. Here we report the experimental realization of polariton refractive and meta-optics in the mid-infrared by exploiting the properties of low-loss phonon polaritons in isotopically pure hexagonal boron nitride interacting with the surrounding dielectric environment comprising the low-loss phase change material Ge3Sb2Te6. We demonstrate rewritable waveguides, refractive optical elements such as lenses, prisms, and metalenses, which allow for polariton wavefront engineering and sub-wavelength focusing. This method will enable the realization of programmable miniaturized integrated optoelectronic devices and on-demand biosensors based on high quality phonon resonators.
Exact exchange-correlation potentials from ground-state electron densities
Authors: Kanungo Bikash , Zimmerman Paul M. , Gavini Vikram 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe quest for accurate exchange-correlation functionals has long remained a grand challenge in density functional theory (DFT), as it describes the many-electron quantum mechanical behavior through a computationally tractable quantity—the electron density—without resorting to multi-electron wave functions. The inverse DFT problem of mapping the ground-state density to its exchange-correlation potential is instrumental in aiding functional development in DFT. However, the lack of an accurate and systematically convergent approach has left the problem unresolved, heretofore. This work presents a numerically robust and accurate scheme to evaluate the exact exchange-correlation potentials from correlated ab-initio densities. We cast the inverse DFT problem as a constrained optimization problem and employ a finite-element basis—a systematically convergent and complete basis—to discretize the problem. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficacy of our approach for both weakly and strongly correlated molecular systems, including up to 58 electrons, showing relevance to realistic polyatomic molecules.
Evaporative electron cooling in asymmetric double barrier semiconductor heterostructures
Authors: Yangui Aymen , Bescond Marc , Yan Tifei , Nagai Naomi , Hirakawa Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRapid progress in high-speed, densely packed electronic/photonic devices has brought unprecedented benefits to our society. However, this technology trend has in reverse led to a tremendous increase in heat dissipation, which degrades device performance and lifetimes. The scientific and technological challenge henceforth lies in efficient cooling of such high-performance devices. Here, we report on evaporative electron cooling in asymmetric Aluminum Gallium Arsenide/Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs/GaAs) double barrier heterostructures. Electron temperature, Te, in the quantum well (QW) and that in the electrodes are determined from photoluminescence measurements. At 300 K, Te in the QW is gradually decreased down to 250 K as the bias voltage is increased up to the maximum resonant tunneling condition, whereas Te in the electrode remains unchanged. This behavior is explained in term of the evaporative cooling process and is quantitatively described by the quantum transport theory.