bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidativer Stress im Sport – ein Fall für Antioxidanzien!?
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungBei intensiver körperlicher Anstrengung kann es zur Überproduktion von reaktiven Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffverbindungen und damit zu oxidativem Stress kommen. Neben potenziell schädlicher Wirkung auf körpereigene Strukturen haben freie Radikale auch physiologische Aufgaben, u. a. im Rahmen der Infektabwehr, bei der kontraktilen Funktion des Skelettmuskels sowie bei mitochondrialer und vaskulärer Adaptation. Moderates sportliches Training erhöht Konzentration und Aktivität körpereigener antioxidativer Schutzsysteme, sodass trainierte Sportler eine höhere Resistenz gegen oxidativen Stress besitzen. Breitensportler können ihren Bedarf an Antioxidanzien über eine angepasste Ernährung decken, während bei Spitzensportlern in intensiven Trainings- und Wettkampfphasen eine temporäre, laborkontrollierte Supplementierung empfohlen werden kann. Neben Vitamin C kommt bei Leistungssportlern dem Coenzym Q10 eine besondere Bedeutung zu.
Chirurgische Zugänge zum Tibiakopf
Authors: Hissnauer Tim-Nicolas , Krause Matthias , Frings Jannik , Frosch Karl-Heinz 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungIntraartikuläre Tibiakopffrakturen sind häufig komplex und können eine große chirurgische Herausforderung darstellen. Das Ziel der operativen Versorgung ist die anatomische stufenlose Gelenkrekonstruktion. Die Frakturmorphologie erfordert eine frakturspezifische Zugangsstrategie, welche entscheidende Voraussetzung für ein gutes postoperatives Ergebnis ist. Um eine komplette visuelle Einsicht über die frakturierten Gelenkflächen zu erlangen, können die verschiedenen Zugänge kombiniert oder bedarfsweise erweitert werden. Dabei kann durch eine laterale oder mediale femorale Epikondylenosteotomie die Einsicht auf die betroffene Gelenkfläche maßgeblich verbessert werden. Darüber hinaus ist zu beachten, dass dorsale Anteile der Gelenkfläche meist nur mit dorsalen Zugängen visualisiert werden können! Auch die geplante Positionierung von Platten und Schrauben sollte in der Zugangswahl Berücksichtigung finden!
Late Neutrophil Priming Following a Single Session of High-intensity Interval Exercise
Authors: de Oliveira Ottone Vinícius , Costa Karine , Tossige-Gomes Rosalina , de Matos Mariana , Brito-Melo Gustavo , Magalhaes Flavio , Esteves Elizabethe , Amorim Fabiano , Rocha-Vieira Etel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of an acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) session on the function of human neutrophils. Twelve sedentary men performed a HIIE session (8 bouts of 60 s at 90% of peak power, intercalated with 75 s of active recovery at 30 W). Neutrophils were collected before, 30 min and 24 h after the exercise session for the evaluation of phagocytic capacity, expression of phagocytic receptors, reactive oxygen species generation, and redox status. 24 h after the HIIE session, an increase was observed in both neutrophil phagocytic capacity and yeast-induced generation of reactive oxygen species, which indicates neutrophil priming in response to an acute HIIE session. Neutrophils also presented an increase in superoxide dismutase activity 24 h after the exercise. Improvement in neutrophil function was accompanied by increased serum levels of IL-8 and increased concentration of plasma lactate dehydrogenase. Our findings show a late activating effect of one HIIE session on neutrophils. We propose that priming of neutrophils by HIIE may play a role in skeletal muscle inflammation after exercise.
Atypical Chemokine Receptors in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Gencer Selin , van der Vorst Emiel , Aslani Maria , Weber Christian , Döring Yvonne , Duchene Johan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInflammation has been well recognized as one of the main drivers of atherosclerosis development and therefore cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It has been shown that several chemokines, small 8 to 12 kDa cytokines with chemotactic properties, play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Chemokines classically mediate their effects by binding to G-protein-coupled receptors called chemokine receptors. In addition, chemokines can also bind to atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs). ACKRs fail to induce G-protein-dependent signalling pathways and thus subsequent cellular response, but instead are able to internalize, scavenge or transport chemokines. In this review, we will give an overview of the current knowledge about the involvement of ACKR1–4 in CVDs and especially in atherosclerosis development. In the recent years, several studies have highlighted the importance of ACKRs in CVDs, although there are still several controversies and unexplored aspects that have to be further elucidated. A better understanding of the precise role of these atypical receptors may pave the way towards novel and improved therapeutic strategies.
Microsurgical Resection of the Epidermoid Tumor in the Cerebellopontine Angle
Authors: Pojskić Mirza , Arnautović Kenan I. 
Published: January 2019

In this video, we demonstrate epidermoid tumor microsurgical resection of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) performed by the senior author (K.I.A.). Epidermoid tumors arise from ectoderm trapped within/displaced into the central nervous system. They show predilection for CPA Angle (up to 40%), 4th ventricle, suprasellar region, and spinal cord.1 They are the 3rd most common CPA tumor, comprising approximately 7% of CPA pathology. CPA lesions can produce 5th and 7–12th cranial nerve neuropathies.2
3
4 Recurrent episodes of aseptic meningitis caused by cyst content rupture may occur. Symptoms include fever, meningeal irritation, and hydrocephalus. A 26-year-old female presented with headaches. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed right CPA tumor with brain stem compression (Fig. 1, A–C). There was evidence of restricted diffusion in diffusion-weighted imaging, typical of epidermoid tumor. Surgery was performed in prone position with head turned 25 degrees to the ipsilateral side using retrosigmoid craniotomy.5 Tumor was ventral to the 7th and 8th cranial nerve complexes, between the 5th nerve as well as toward the brainstem. The surgical plan was gross total resection with tumor capsule resection to prevent recurrence.6 (Small residuals can be left behind when capsule is adherent to critical structures.) Tumor was adherent to brain stem perforators which were preserved using meticulous dissection. Cranial nerves and vascular structures were also left intact. We irrigated with antibiotic saline and used perioperative treatment to prevent aseptic meningitis. The pathohistological diagnosis revealed epidermoid tumor cyst. Postoperative MRI revealed complete resection (Fig. 1, D–F). The patient recovered fully and was neurologically intact.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/LyWl-KZUSGY.
Reduction in Mortality following Elective Major Hip and Knee Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Ke , Chan Noel , Ibrahim Quazi , Kruger Paul , Sinha Smita , Bhagirath Vinai , Ginsberg Jeffrey , Bangdiwala Shrikant , Guyatt Gordon , Eikelboom John , Hirsh Jack 
Published: January 2019

Background Systematic reviews reporting time trends in mortality following major orthopaedic surgery are few and have limitations. They reported on only a fraction (< 15%) of the available data and did not investigate potential causes of the reduction in mortality.
Methods We searched PubMed for randomized trials and observational studies, published between 1950 and 2016, reporting on mortality within 3 months of elective total hip and knee replacement (THR/TKR). Mortality risks were estimated for each 5-year interval using a Poisson regression model and presented by study design and mode of prophylaxis. To estimate the mortality reduction unrelated to anti-thrombotic use, we performed a pooled analysis of four thromboprophylaxis strategies for which data spanned five decades.
Results We identified 255 eligible studies, which documented 31,604 deaths among 6,293,954 patients, and found a consistent decline in mortality irrespective of study design and mode of prophylaxis. Mortality declined from 1.15% pre-1980 to 0.24% post-2000, a 78.7% relative risk reduction (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74.7–82.1%) in randomized and cohort studies. Furthermore, our data showed a 74.4% (95% CI: 68.7–79.0%) relative reduction in mortality independent of the methods of prophylaxis, thereby indicating that improvements in peri-operative care unrelated to anti-thrombotic prophylaxis played a major role in such reduction.
Conclusion Mortality following elective THR/TKR has markedly declined over the past 50 years and is now low irrespective of which prophylactic agent is being used. Although anti-thrombotic prophylaxis may have contributed, other improvements in peri-operative care played a major role in the mortality reduction.
Introduction to the Audiological Evaluation: Case-Based Applications to Patients with Skull Base Disease
Authors: Dumanch Kelsey , Poling Gayla 
Published: February 2019

Objectives To provide an introduction to the role of audiological evaluations with special reference to patients with skull base disease.
Design Review article with case-based overview of the current state of the practice of diagnostic audiology through highlighting the multifaceted clinical toolbox and the value of mechanism-based audiological evaluations that contribute to otologic differential diagnosis.
Setting Current state of the practice of diagnostic audiology.
Main Outcome Measures Understanding of audiological evaluation results in clinical practice and value of contributions to interdisciplinary teams to identify and quantify dysfunction along the auditory pathway and its subsequent effects.
Results Accurate auditory information is best captured with a test battery that consists of various assessment crosschecks and mechanism-driven assessments.
Conclusion Audiologists utilize a comprehensive clinical toolbox to gather information for assessment, diagnosis, and management of numerous pathologies. This information, in conjunction with thorough medical review, provides mechanism-specific contributions to the otologic and lateral skull base differential diagnosis.
Universal Electrocardiographic Screening for Long QT Syndrome in Hospitalized Neonates
Authors: Kaemingk Bethany D. , Ulrich Timothy J. , Li Man , Carey William A. , Ellsworth Marc A. 
Published: February 2019

Objective Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a known cause of unexpected death, leading some to recommend routine neonatal electrocardiographic (ECG) screening. We used continuous electronic heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) monitoring to screen for interval prolongation in a cohort of hospitalized neonates to identify those at a risk of having LQTS. We hypothesized that this screening method would yield an acceptable positive predictive value (PPV).
Study Design A cohort of 589 infants hospitalized in a level II neonatal intensive care unit were screened through continuous electronic QTc monitoring linked to an investigator-designed, computerized data sniffer. Screening was conducted from days-of-life 3 through 7 or until hospital discharge. The data sniffer alerted investigators for a 24-hour average QTc of ≥475 ms. Positively screened patients were further evaluated with 12-lead ECG.
Results Positive screens were obtained in 5.6% of patients, all of whom had negative follow-up ECG testing (PPV = 0%). Furthermore, one-quarter of positively screened neonates underwent echocardiography based on ECG findings, none of which identified clinically relevant pathology.
Conclusion Electronic monitoring of QTc in hospitalized neonates during the first week of life was not an efficient way to identify those at a risk of having LQTS. Conversely, screening triggered unnecessary testing.
Clinical Predictors Leading to Change of Initial Conservative Treatment of 836 Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Kleijwegt Maarten , Bettink Floris , Malessy Martijn , Putter Hein , van der Mey Andel 
Published: February 2019

Objective This study was aimed to determine the role of clinical presentation and tumor characteristics in vestibular schwannoma (VS) at diagnosis, initially treated with conservative management.
Design The study was designed as a retrospective chart review.
Setting The study was prepared at national tertiary referral center for VS patients.
Participants A total of 836 VS patients, initially treated conservatively, were included.
Main Outcome Measures Patient characteristics: age at diagnosis, gender, frequency, and duration of, hearing loss, tinnitus, balance disorder (unsteadiness, dizziness, and vertigo), respectively; and tumor characteristics: laterality, growth, cystic component, and location were analyzed in relation to tumor size at diagnosis and change in treatment strategy.
Results In total, 169 (20%) patients had a change in treatment strategy. Factors at diagnosis that had a high influence on intervention were a short duration of hearing loss (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.8, p < 0.001) and cystic tumors (HR = 2.6, p < 0.001). Balance disorders and extracanalicular (EC) tumor location have a medium influence on intervention (HR = 1.6, p < 0.01). Tumour growth was seen in 55% of the intervention group; we found a significant correlation with a short duration of hearing loss. Cystic VS was significantly higher between the medium and large tumors, 24.3% and 38.1%. (p = 0.001), respectively.
Conclusions Patients with a short duration of hearing loss, balance disorders, EC located tumors, and cystic tumors have a significantly higher chance of a change in treatment strategy. Large tumor size at diagnosis and a cystic component were related to age > 65 years at diagnosis.
Argument realization of psychological verbs
Authors: Li Chao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBy using data from nearly thirty languages of various families and regions, this paper examines the argument realization of three types of psychological verbs (i.e. causative bivalent, non-causative bivalent, and monovalent). It finds that, when compared with the argument realization of core transitive verbs likeBREAK, causative bivalent psych verbs show crosslinguistic uniformity in that they pattern with core transitive verbs in argument realization. The same comparative approach finds that the argument realization of non-causative bivalent psych verbs shows a lot of crosslinguistic variation. As for monovalent psych verbs, the paper finds that they almost always pattern with the argument realization of unaccusative verbs. The findings of the paper are accounted for by using the Force-Control-Causality (FCC) model of verb meaning. Under this model, the uniformity in argument realization with respect to causative bivalent psych verbs is due to the prominence of the causative relationship expressed and the directionality of the causality from the Causer to the Causee. The variation in argument realization with respect to non-causative bivalent psych verbs can be attributed to the fact that such verbs express neither causation nor transmission of physical force. As for the near uniformity in argument realization with respect to monovalent psych verbs, it is due to the fact that they involve only one argument (thus no competition for the subject position) and this single argument shares the [−control] feature with the single argument of unaccusative verbs. This study points to the need of recognizing Causer and Causee as two core and highly-ranked thematic roles in a global thematic hierarchy.
Human impersonal pronouns in West Germanic
Authors: Van Olmen Daniël , Breed Adri 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, we examine and compare the main human impersonal pronouns in Afrikaans, Dutch and English. The second person singular, the third person plural and the ‘man’- and ‘one’-pronouns are studied by means of an acceptability judgment questionnaire and a completion questionnaire. The combination of the two methods reveals interesting descriptive facts about the three West Germanic languages. They include, among other things, the ‘man’-prominence of Afrikaans versus the ‘you’-prominence of Dutch and English for expressing the universal meaning ‘anyone’ and the more prominent position of ‘they’ in Dutch than in the other languages for conveying the existential meaning ‘someone, some people’. Our findings have a number of more theoretical implications too. The two existing semantic maps for human impersonal pronouns make different distinctions in the existential domain, based on type/level of (un)knownness on the one hand and number on the other. Our study tests both sets of distinctions and shows that the two dimensions interact with each other in Afrikaans, Dutch and English. The results thus support a recent proposal in the literature for a combined semantic map. The data from the completion questionnaire, finally, also indicates that existential uses prefer alternative forms of impersonalization to human impersonal pronouns in all three languages.
New approaches for metagenome assembly with short reads
Authors: Ayling Martin , Clark Matthew D , Leggett Richard M 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the use of longer range read data combined with advances in assembly algorithms has stimulated big improvements in the contiguity and quality of genome assemblies. However, these advances have not directly transferred to metagenomic data sets, as assumptions made by the single genome assembly algorithms do not apply when assembling multiple genomes at varying levels of abundance. The development of dedicated assemblers for metagenomic data was a relatively late innovation and for many years, researchers had to make do using tools designed for single genomes. This has changed in the last few years and we have seen the emergence of a new type of tool built using different principles. In this review, we describe the challenges inherent in metagenomic assemblies and compare the different approaches taken by these novel assembly tools.
MinE-RFE: determine the optimal subset from RFE by minimizing the subset-accuracy–defined energy
Authors: Su Ran , Liu Xinyi , Wei Leyi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Recursive feature elimination (RFE), as one of the most popular feature selection algorithms, has been extensively applied to bioinformatics. During the training, a group of candidate subsets are generated by iteratively eliminating the least important features from the original features. However, how to determine the optimal subset from them still remains ambiguous. Among most current studies, either overall accuracy or subset size (SS) is used to select the most predictive features. Using which one or both and how they affect the prediction performance are still open questions. In this study, we proposed MinE-RFE, a novel RFE-based feature selection approach by sufficiently considering the effect of both factors. Subset decision problem was reflected into subset-accuracy space and became an energy-minimization problem. We also provided a mathematical description of the relationship between the overall accuracy and SS using Gaussian Mixture Models together with spline fitting. Besides, we comprehensively reviewed a variety of state-of-the-art applications in bioinformatics using RFE. We compared their approaches of deciding the final subset from all the candidate subsets with MinE-RFE on diverse bioinformatics data sets. Additionally, we also compared MinE-RFE with some well-used feature selection algorithms. The comparative results demonstrate that the proposed approach exhibits the best performance among all the approaches. To facilitate the use of MinE-RFE, we further established a user-friendly web server with the implementation of the proposed approach, which is accessible at http://qgking.wicp.net/MinE/. We expect this web server will be a useful tool for research community.
Aid, social capital and local collective action: attitudes towards community-based health funds and village organizations in Rushan, Tajikistan
Authors: Jacobs Eelco , Hofman Irna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDespite overwhelming interest in the role of social capital in international development, attention to the interplay of community-based development aid with local collective-action dynamics in Central Asia and particularly Tajikistan has remained limited. This paper investigates donor-induced local institutions for collective action in rural Tajikistan with a focus on the introduction of a community-based health insurance. Social capital and collective-action theories are used to interpret results from qualitative research in two Rushan District villages in the Gorno-Badakhshan region. By highlighting the role of donor embeddedness, and the perceived legitimacy of different decision-making structures, the article contends that the perception of such externally-induced change depends on the community’s capacity to reach beyond the intra-communal solidarity network through bridging and linking capital. The findings suggest this can be fostered by addressing trust, and the role of effective development brokers, with due attention to power relations within communities and towards external agents.
Firms’ leverage ratio and the Financial Instability Hypothesis: an empirical investigation for the US economy (1970–2014)
Authors: Pedrosa Ítalo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract‘There are many ‘Minskian’ interpretations of how financial fragility builds up reflecting the unsolved tensions regarding the transition from micro to macro results in Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH).’ Using firm-level and macroeconomic data to comply with the variety of FIH’s interpretations, we empirically assess the relations between leverage and financial fragility in the US economy (1970–2014). To evaluate firms’ financial fragility, we deploy Minsky’s scale—from the financially sounder to the more fragile firms: hedge, speculative and Ponzi. The main findings are the following: (i) the evolution of the aggregate leverage ratio does not account for the systemic financial fragility, measured by the frequency of speculative and Ponzi firms, and (ii) within the biggest firms, the leverage has increased along with the incidence of hedge financing, and for the smallest firms group the opposite has happened. We conclude that a positive relation between leverage and financial fragility cannot be deemed to be a general outcome.