bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of acquired aplastic anaemia
Authors: Luzzatto Lucio , Risitano Antonio M. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis review examines the evidence that bone marrow failure (BMF) in aplastic anaemia (AA) is due to loss of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which, in turn, is caused by deranged immunity and inflammation. We also consider how the course of the disease and the response to immuno‐suppressive therapy are influenced by the nature and specificity of the pathogenic process. A somatic mutation of thePIGAgene underlies the clonal disease paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH): there is direct evidence that the expansion of thePIGAmutant clone results from Darwinian selection exerted by a glycosyl‐phosphatidyl‐inositol ‐specific auto‐immune attack. Thus,PNHpatients are a unique subset of patients withAA, in whom haematopoiesis recovers through this escape mechanism. A similar process, although less effective, may operate when the auto‐immune attack is against a human leucocyte antigen (HLA) molecule and anHLAmutation has produced a clone missing that molecule. We then discuss the significance of other mutant clones that are frequently found inAA, presumably due to a combination of genetic drift and selection. These clones are not causative ofAA, but they emerge inAAand they may be pre‐leukaemic: unlike aPIGAmutant clone, in general they are unable to effectively reconstitute haematopoiesis.
My Village Is Dying? Integrating Methods from the Inside Out
Authors: Peters Paul , Carson Dean , Porter Robert , Vuin Ana , Carson Doris , Ensign Prescott 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to confront the notion of “decline” at the village level by illustrating a more immersive approach to sociological and demographic research within rural and remote communities. The research uses case studies of three villages in Australia, Canada, and Sweden, all of which have been labeled as “declining villages,” typified by population loss, an aging population, high rates of youth outmigration, and loss of businesses and services. This paper argues that focusing solely on quantitative indicators of demographic change provides a narrow view of rural village trajectories and ignores subtle processes of local adaptation that are hidden from quantitative data sets. Our research integrates quantitative data from the “outside” with qualitative data from the “inside,” including visual ethnography, to develop a more balanced perspective on how villages have been changing and what change could mean locally. These objectives are accomplished by revisiting aDirt Researchmethodology applicable to a broad range of research into rural and remote villages.
Identification of peptides with tolerogenic potential in a hydrolysed whey‐based infant formula
Authors: Gouw Joost W. , Jo Juandy , Meulenbroek Laura A. P. M. , Heijjer T. Sam , Kremer Erica , Sandalova Elena , Knulst André C. , Jeurink Prescilla V. , Garssen Johan , Rijnierse Anneke , Knippels Léon M. J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundFailure to induce oral tolerance may result in food allergy. Hydrolysed cow's milk‐based infant formulas are recommended in subjects with a high risk of developing allergic disease. Presentation of T cell epitopes is a prerequisite to generate regulatory T cells that could contribute to oral tolerance.ObjectiveTo investigate whether a specific hydrolysed whey‐based infant formula contains peptides that function as T cell epitopes to support the development of oral tolerance to whey.MethodsFirst, a novel liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) method was developed to characterize β‐lactoglobulin‐derived peptides present in a specific infant formula with a focus on region AA#13‐48 of β‐lactoglobulin, which has previously been described to contain T cell epitopes with tolerogenic potential. Second, the formula was subjected to the ProImmune ProPresent® antigen presentation assay and MHC class II binding algorithm to identify relevant HLA‐DRB1‐restricted peptides. Third, identified peptides were tested on human cow's milk protein‐specific T cell lines to determine T cell recognition.ResultsThirteen peptides of minimal 9AAs long that overlap with AA#13‐48 of β‐lactoglobulin were identified. Six of them were found across all batches analysed. It was further confirmed that these peptides were processed and presented by human dendritic cells. The identified HLA‐DRB1‐restricted peptides were correlated to AA#11‐30 and AA#23‐39 of β‐lactoglobulin. Importantly, the proliferation assay showed that the synthetic peptides were recognized by cow's milk protein‐specific T cell lines and induced T cell proliferation.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceThis study demonstrates that the tested hydrolysed infant formula contains functional HLA‐DRB1‐restricted T cell epitopes, which can potentially support the development of oral tolerance to whey.
Coronary risk assessment using traditional risk factors with CT coronary artery calcium scoring in clinical practice
Authors: Kerut Edmund Kenneth , Hall Michael E. , Turner Michael C. , McMullan Michael R. 
Published: July 2018

As coronary artery calcium (CAC) is atherosclerosis and not just a marker of cardiovascular (CV) disease, measurement of a patient's coronary artery calcium score (CACS) is a strong predictor of risk. Clinically performed in asymptomatic patients, the CACS, along with several CV risk factors, namely age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes, tobacco use, family history, cholesterol level, blood pressure, and use of cholesterol or hypertensive medications, provide a predictive model of 10 year risk for CV events. A smartphone “App” makes this quick to obtain and use. This helps the clinician in making recommendations for both lifestyle changes and statin therapy. Those patients in which the most benefit occur from measurement of a CACS are those at an intermediate CV risk. Measurement of the CACS has become an integral part of the clinician's assessment of a patient's CV risk and for guiding preventative therapies.
Shrub shading moderates the effects of weather on arthropod activity in arctic tundra
Authors: Asmus Ashley L. , Chmura Helen E. , Høye Toke T. , Krause Jesse S. , Sweet Shannan K. , Perez Jonathan H. , Boelman Natalie T. , Wingfield John C. , Gough Laura 
Published: July 2018

1. Rapid warming has facilitated an increase in deciduous shrub cover in arctic tundra. Because shrubs create a cooler microclimate during the growing season, shrub cover could modulate the effects of global warming on the phenology and activity of ectotherms, including arthropods. This possibility was explored here using two dominant arthropod groups (flies and wolf spiders) in Alaskan tundra.2. We monitored arthropods with pitfall traps over five summers at four sites that differed in shrub abundance, and used generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs) to separate the two underlying components of pitfall trap catch: the seasonal trend in arthropod density and the effects of short‐term weather variation (air temperature, wind speed, rainfall, solar radiation) on arthropod activity.3. We found that shrub cover significantly altered the seasonal trend in the abundance of flies by reducing early‐season pitfall catch, in line with observed later snowmelt in shrub‐dominated plots at these sites.4. Additionally, shrub cover modulated the effects of many weather variables on arthropod activity: shrub cover shifted wolf spiders' temperature–activity relationship, dampened the positive effect of solar radiation on the activity of arthropods in total, and ameliorated the negative effect of wind on the activity of flies.5. Thus, these results indicate that shrub encroachment will probably be accompanied by altered arthropod responses to warming and other key weather variables. Because the rate of key ecological processes – herbivory, decomposition, predation – are controlled by activity at the organismal level, these effects on arthropods will have long‐term ecosystem‐level consequences.
Increased risk of hospital admission for ICD‐9‐CM psychotic episodes following admission for epilepsy
Authors: Rossi Kyle C. , Kim Anna M. , Jetté Nathalie , Yoo Ji Yeoun , Hung Kenneth , Dhamoon Mandip S. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo determine whether epilepsy admissions are associated with a higher readmission risk for psychotic episodes compared to admissions for other medical causes.MethodsThe Nationwide Readmissions Database is a nationally representative dataset from 2013. We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes to identify medical conditions. There were 58 278 index admissions for epilepsy, and this group was compared against admissions for stroke (n = 215 821) and common medical causes (pneumonia, urinary tract infection [UTI], congestive heart failure [CHF], and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], n = 973 078). Readmission rates for psychotic episodes within 90 days from discharge for index hospitalizations were calculated. Cox regression was used to test for associations between admission type and readmission for psychotic episodes up to 1 year after index admission, in univariate models and adjusted for multiple medical, social, and psychiatric variables.ResultsUp to 90 days from index admission, there were 683/100 000 readmissions for psychotic episodes in the epilepsy group, 92/100 000 in the stroke group, and 58‐206/100 000 in the medical group. The relative rate of readmission in the epilepsy group was highest in the first 30 days following index admission (311/100 000). Unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for readmission for psychotic episodes within 1 year in the epilepsy group compared to the stroke group was 6.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.69‐7.61, P < 2 × 10−16), and 4.41 compared to the medical group (95% CI 4.00‐4.85, P < 2 × 10−16). The fully adjusted HR for readmission in the epilepsy group remained elevated at 3.63 compared to the stroke group (95% CI 3.08‐4.28, P < 2 × 10−16), and 1.95 compared to the medical group (95% CI 1.76‐2.15, P < 2 × 10−16). Confounding factors most strongly associated with psychosis readmission were documented psychosis history at the time of index admission, younger age, and lower income quartile.SignificanceAn epilepsy admission was independently associated with subsequent hospital readmission for psychotic episodes, even after adjustment for confounding variables.
Premier signalement de Deudorix livia (Lepidoptera: Lycanidae) en Algérie: Un ravageur important du grenadier et du palmier dattier
Authors: Beladis B. , Verheggen F. , Baba Aissa N. , Boukraa S. , Salah Ou Elhadj B. , Yagoub L. , Doumandji S. , Guezoul O. 
Published: July 2018

First record of Deudorix livia (Lepidoptera: Lycanidae) from Algeria: an important pest of pomegranate and date palmIn the framework of an entomological study carried out from 2013 to 2017 aiming to identify a harmful organism in several oases of the northern Sahara of Algeria, the authors have identified the presence of Deudorix livia (Klug, 1834) (Lepidoptera: Lycanidae). This is the first record of this species in the northern Sahara of Algeria. This insect is an important pest of the fruits of two crops: the date palm and the pomegranate tree. The main criteria for determining this species are specified, as well as the host plants on which the insect was observed. The symptoms and damage that have been observed are also detailed. The authors describe the different Algerian localities where this species has been reported, and discuss the potential economic impact of this pest.
Privacy Issues in Smartphone Applications: An Analysis of Headache/Migraine Applications
Authors: Minen Mia T. , Stieglitz Eric J. , Sciortino Rose , Torous John 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundHeadache diaries are a mainstay of migraine management. While many commercial smartphone applications (apps) have been developed for people with migraine, little is known about how well these apps protect patient information and whether they are secure to use.ObjectiveWe sought to assess whether there are privacy issues surrounding apps so that physicians and patients could better understand what medical information patients are providing to the app companies, and the potential privacy implications of how the app companies (and other third parties) might use that information.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of the most popular “headache” and “migraine” apps and developed a database of the types of data the apps requested for input by the user and whether the apps had clear privacy policies. We also examined the content of the privacy policies.ResultsTwenty‐nine apps were examined (14 diary apps, 15 relaxation apps). Of the diary applications, 79% (11/14) had visible privacy policies. Of the diary apps with privacy policies, all (11/11) stated whether or not the app collects and stores information remotely. A total of 55% (6/11) stated that some user data were used to serve targeted advertisements. A total of 11/15 (73%) of the relaxation apps had privacy policies.ConclusionsHeadache apps shared information with third parties, posing privacy risks partly because there are few legal protections against the sale or disclosure of data from medical apps to third parties.
Presence of gastric Helicobacter species in children suffering from gastric disorders in Southern Turkey
Authors: Bahadori Ali , De Witte Chloë , Agin Mehmet , De Bruyckere Sofie , Smet Annemieke , Tümgör Gökhan , Gökmen Tülin Güven , Haesebrouck Freddy , Köksal Fatih 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundInfections with gastric Helicobacter spp. are associated with gastritis, peptic ulceration, and malignancies. Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent Helicobacter species colonizing the human stomach. Other gastric non‐H. pylori helicobacters (NHPHs) have been described in 0.2%‐6% of human patients with gastric disorders. Nevertheless, due to difficulties in the diagnosis of NHPH infections and lack of routine screening, this is most likely an underestimation of their true prevalence. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been performed in the presence of Helicobacter spp. in children suffering from gastric disorders in Southern Turkey.Materials and methodsIn total, 110 children with gastric complaints were examined at the Cukurova University Balcali hospital, Turkey. Gastroscopy was performed to evaluate the presence of gastric mucosal lesions. Biopsies of the pyloric gland zone were taken for histopathological analysis, rapid urease testing, and presence of Helicobacter spp. DNA by PCR.ResultsBased on the PCR results, the prevalence of Helicobacter spp. was 32.7% (36/110). H. pylori was found in 30.9% (34/110), H. suis in 1.8% (2/110), and H. heilmannii/H. ailurogastricus in 0.9% (1/110) of the human patients. A mixed infection with H. pylori and H. suis was present in one patient. The presence of mucosal abnormalities, such as nodular inflammation, ulceration, and hyperemia, as well as gastritis, was significantly higher in Helicobacter spp. positive patients.ConclusionHelicobacter pylori, H. suis, and H. heilmannii/H. ailurogastricus were present in children with gastric complaints. Infection with these pathogens may be involved in the development of gastritis and ulceration.
Social Class, Migration Policy and Migrant Strategies: An Introduction
Authors: Bonjour Saskia , Chauvin Sébastien 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe introduction to this special issue traces class at the interface between migration policy and migrant strategies. Scholarship on the politics of migration and citizenship has thus far largely neglected class. In contrast, we contend that discourses on migration, integration and citizenship are inevitably classed. Assessed through seemingly heterogeneous criteria of “merit” and “performance”, class serves as an analytical connector between economic and identity rationales which intersect in all migration policies, including those regulating family and humanitarian admission. Class‐selective policy frames can function as constraints maintaining some aspiring migrants into immobility or channeling different groups of migrants into separate and unequal incorporation routes. Yet, policy frames can also serve as resources to strategize with as migrants navigate and perform gendered and classed expectations embedded into receiving‐country migration regimes. We conclude that connecting policy with migrant strategies is key to reintroducing class without naturalizing classed strategies of mobility.
Low‐molecular‐mass hyaluronan induces pulmonary inflammation by up‐regulation of Mcl‐1 to inhibit neutrophil apoptosis via PI3K/Akt1 pathway
Authors: Zhao Hang , Ma Yating , Zhang Leifang 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAlthough low‐molecular‐mass hyaluronan (LMMHA) has been implicated in pulmonary inflammatory diseases, the signalling pathway of LMMHA (200 000 molecular weight) that initiates the inflammatory response in lung is still unknown. In this study, we evaluate the role of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and its downstream signalling pathway in LMMHA‐induced lung inflammatory responses. Our results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of PI3K or genetic deletion of Akt1 enhances neutrophil apoptosis, attenuates neutrophil influx into the lungs of mice and diminishes the expression of pro‐inflammatory factors such as interleukin‐6, keratinocyte cell‐derived chemokine and pro‐matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after intratracheal administration of LMMHA. More importantly, we found that PI3K/Akt1 participates in LMMHA‐induced inflammatory responses, which are mainly mediated by the myeloid leukaemia cell differentiation protein (Mcl‐1). Our study suggests that LMMHA induced significantly increased levels of inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and activation of the PI3K/Akt1 pathway, which up‐regulates the expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Mcl‐1 and inhibits the activation of caspase‐3, thereby suppressing neutrophil apoptosis to trigger lung inflammation. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying sterile inflammation and provides a new potential target for the treatment of pulmonary disease.
Family and community in the lives of UK Bangladeshi parents with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Durling Emily , Chinn Deborah , Scior Katrina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the lives of parents with intellectual disabilities from minority ethnic communities. Previous research suggests that what it means to live with intellectual disabilities varies across cultural contexts. The current research aimed to explore how cultural values and practices impact upon the experiences of parents with intellectual disabilities within the Bangladeshi community in London, England.MethodSix members of the Bangladeshi community, four Bangladeshi parents with intellectual disabilities and four of their family members were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes.ResultsBoth parenting and intellectual disability are thought about in this community in ways that make parenting more accessible for people with learning disabilities, but also create tensions to be negotiated.ConclusionsBangladeshi family carers face dilemmas balancing the benefits and risks of promoting parenting for sons and daughters with intellectual disabilities, particularly in the context of service principles of autonomy and informed consent.
Factors associated with mental health among high school students in Iran: Does mobile phone overuse associate with poor mental health?
Authors: Mahmoodi Hassan , Nadrian Haidar , Shaghaghi Abdolreza , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Ahmadi Asad , Saqqezi Galavidj Sharifi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProblemMobile phone (MP) overuse is extensively rising among high school students in developing countries. Our aim in this study is to investigate the association between MP overuse and mental health, in the presence of other determinant factors, among high school students in Iran.MethodsWe recruited a clustered random sample of 1,034 high school students in Saqqez County, Iran, to complete a self‐administered questionnaire with three sections: a sociodemographic questionnaire, Mobile Phone Addiction Index, and General Health Questionnaire.FindingsA majority of the students (n = 654, 63.2%) were found to be with poor mental health. Applying multiple logistic regression, gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–1.97), education degree (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.30–1.67), frequency of daily messages (OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.07–1.31), being awakened at night for MP use (OR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.54–2.18), and MP overuse (OR = 3.21; 95% CI = 1.20–8.58) were found in significant associations with poor mental health.ConclusionsPlanning gender‐based health education programs on proper use of MP for students and their parents is suggested to school healthcare providers. The parents should be educated on the proper ways of dealing with their adolescents while using MP at home.
RNF168 facilitates oestrogen receptor ɑ transcription and drives breast cancer proliferation
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Zhang Jinghang , Xu Juntao , Yang Huijie , Li Xin , Hou Yingxiang , Zhao Yan , Xue Min , Wang Beibei , Yu Na , Yu Sifan , Niu Gang , Wu Gaosong , Li Xiumin , Wang Hui , Zhu Jian , Zhuang Ting 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOestrogen receptor ɑ (ERɑ) is overexpressed in two‐thirds of all breast cancers and involves in development and breast cancer progression. Although ERɑ‐positive breast cancer could be effective treated by endocrine therapy, the endocrine resistance is still an urgent clinical problem. Thus, further understanding of the underlying mechanisms ERɑ signalling is critical in dealing with endocrine resistance in breast cancer patients. MCF‐7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines are used to carry out the molecular biological experiments. Western blot is used to assess the relative protein level of ERɑ, RNF168 and actin. Real‐time PCR is used the measure the relative ERɑ‐related gene mRNA level. Luciferase assay is used to measure the relative ERɑ signalling activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation is used to measure the RNF168 binding affinity to ERɑ promoter regions. WST assay and flow cytometry are used to measure the cell proliferation capacity. We use Student's t test and one‐way ANOVA test for statistical data analysis. Here, we report an important role in ERɑ‐positive breast cancer cells for RNF168 protein in supporting cell proliferation by driving the transcription of ERɑ. RNF168 is highly expressed in breast cancer samples, compared with normal breast tissue. In patients with breast cancer, RNF168 expression level is correlated with poor endocrine treatment outcome. Depletion of RNF168 causes decreased cell proliferation in MCF‐7 and T47D cells. Besides, depletion RNF168 reduced mRNA level of ERɑ and its target genes, such as PS2 and GREB1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that ERɑ transcription is associated with RNF168 recruitment to ERɑ promoter region, suggesting that transcriptional regulation is one mechanism by which RNF168 regulates ERɑ mRNA level and ERɑ signalling in breast cancer cells. RNF168 is required for ERɑ‐positive breast cancer cell proliferation and facilitate ERɑ signalling activity possibly through promoting transcription of ERɑ.