bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging roles of microRNAs in regulating the mTOR signaling pathway during tumorigenesis
Authors: Javid Hossein , Soltani Arash , Mohammadi Fariba , Hashemy Seyed Isaac 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a large Ser/Thr protein kinase that belongs to the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) family and mediates various physiological and pathological processes, especially cell proliferation, protein synthesis, autophagy, and cancer development. The mTOR expression is transient and tightly regulated in normal cells, but it is overactivated in cancer cells. Recently, several studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the regulation of mTOR and mTOR‐associated processes, some acting as inhibitors and the others as activators. Although it is still in infancy, the strategy of combining both miRNAs and mTOR inhibitors might provide an approach to selectively sensitizing tumor cells to chemotherapy‐induced DNA damage and subsequently attenuating the tumor cell growth and apoptosis.
Computational and mutational analysis of TatD DNase of Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Singh Damini , Rahi Amit , Kumari Romika , Gupta Vatika , Gautam Gunjan , Aggarwal Somya , Rehan Mohd , Bhatnagar Rakesh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe role of TatD DNases as DNA repair enzymes or cell death (apoptotic) nucleases is well established in prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes. The current study aims to characterize the TatD nuclease from Bacillus anthracis (Ba TatD) and to explore its key histidine catalytic residues. Ba TatD was found to be a metal‐dependent, nonspecific endonuclease which could efficiently cleave double‐stranded DNA substrates. Moreover, Ba TatD nuclease was observed to be thermostable up to 55°C and act in a wide pH range indicating its industrial applicability. Diethyl pyrocarbonate‐based histidine‐selective alkylation of the Ba TatD resulted in a loss of its nuclease activity suggesting a crucial role of the histidine residues in its activity. The key residues of Ba TatD were predicted using sequence analysis and structure‐based approaches, and then the predicted residues were further tested by mutational analysis. Upon mutational analysis, H128 and H153 have been found to be crucial for Ba TatD activity, though H153 seems to bear an important but a dispensable role for the Ba TatD nuclease. Ba TatD had a uniform expression in the cytosol of B. anthracis, which indicates a significant role of the protein in the pathogen's life cycle. This is the first study to identify and characterize the TatD DNase from B. anthracis and will be helpful in gaining more insights on the role of TatD proteins in Gram‐positive bacteria where it remains unexplored.
On the fringes: How youth experiencing homelessness conceptualize social and economic inequality–A Photovoice study
Authors: Barman‐Adhikari Anamika , DeChants Jonah P. , M. Brydon Daphne , Portillo Andrea , Bender Kimberly 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study used Photovoice methods with young adults experiencing homelessness to collaboratively identify issues that are of greatest importance in an open‐ended, exploratory, and inductive manner. Participants selected two concepts to focus their inquiry: freedom and prosperity. Within these concepts, participants discussed nature as a source of inspiration, a desire to better themselves and to change their situations, and passion for contributing to social change by exposing economic inequality and raising awareness about homelessness. These findings demonstrate that young people are keenly aware of the structural and macro‐level factors that have contributed to their risks of social exclusion and marginalization.
Is Bioequivalence Established Based on the Reference‐Scaled Average Bioequivalence Approach Relevant to Chronic Administration of Phenytoin? Perspectives Based on Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulations
Authors: Kim Hyewon , Fang Lanyan , Yu Jingyu , Meng Zhaoyu , Trame Mirjam N. , Schmidt Stephan , Lesko Lawrence J. , Zhao Liang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhenytoin demonstrates time‐dependent and nonlinear pharmacokinetics (PK) within the therapeutic range of 10 to 20 μg/mL. There are discussions on the relevance of bioequivalence (BE) demonstrated in a single‐dose BE study in healthy subjects to exposure under chronic use conditions in patients, particularly given that phenytoin has a narrow therapeutic index. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the appropriateness of single‐dose PK BE through simulations for the phenytoin extended‐capsule products. A previously published population PK model was updated to account for the interoccasion variability using the dense PK data of the reference listed drug (Dilantin) from 5 single‐dose, fully replicated BE studies (n = 124). BE studies with alternative designs were simulated using the developed PK model and subsequently analyzed accordingly: Scenario 1, multiple‐dose, 2‐period, crossover BE studies with an average BE approach; Scenario 2, single‐dose, 4‐period, fully replicated BE studies with a reference‐scaled average BE approach as recommended in the product‐specific guidance. In both scenarios, hypothetical phenytoin capsules with different formulation‐related PK parameters, such as relative bioavailability and absorption rates, were included in the simulations. The results showed that the both scenarios provided the same results with respect to BE conclusions.
23Na MRI depicts early changes in ion homeostasis in skeletal muscle tissue of patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Gerhalter Teresa , Gast Lena V. , Marty Benjamin , Martin Jan , Trollmann Regina , Schüssler Stephanie , Roemer Frank , Laun Frederik B. , Uder Michael , Schröder Rolf , Carlier Pierre G. , Nagel Armin M. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary neuromuscular disease leading to progressive muscle wasting. Since there is a need for MRI variables that serve as early sensitive indicators of response to treatment, several quantitative MRI methods have been suggested for disease monitoring.PurposeTo evaluate the potential of sodium (23Na) and proton (1H) MRI methods to assess early pathological changes in skeletal muscle of DMD.Study TypeProspective clinical study.Population23Na and 1H MRI of the right leg were performed in 13 patients with DMD (age 7.8 ± 2.4) and 14 healthy boys (age 9.5 ± 2.2).Field Strength/Sequence3 T including a multiecho‐spin‐echo sequence, diffusion‐weighted sequences, 1H spectroscopy, 3‐pt Dixon, and 23Na ultrashort echo time sequences.AssessmentWe obtained water T2 maps, fat fraction (FF), pH, and diffusion properties of the skeletal muscle tissue. Moreover, total tissue sodium concentration (TSC) was calculated from the 23Na sequence. Intracellular‐weighted 23Na signal (ICwS) was derived from 23Na inversion‐recovery imaging.Statistical TestsResults from DMD patients and controls were compared using Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests and repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA). Spearman‐rank correlations and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the performance of the different MRI methods to distinguish dystrophic from healthy muscle tissue.ResultsFF, water T2, and pH were higher in DMD patients (0.07 ± 0.03, 39.4 ± 0.8 msec, 7.06 ± 0.03, all P < 0.05) than in controls (0.02 ± 0.01, 36.0 ± 0.4 msec, 7.03 ± 0.02). No difference was observed in diffusion properties. TSC (26.0 ± 1.3 mM, P < 0.05) and ICwS (0.69 ± 0.05 a.u., P < 0.05) were elevated in DMD (controls: 16.5 ± 1.3 mM and 0.47 ± 0.04 a.u.). The ICwS was frequently abnormal in DMD even when water T2, FF, and pH were in the normal range. 23Na MRI showed higher AUC values in comparison to the 1H methods.Data ConclusionSodium anomalies were regularly observed in patients with DMD compared with controls, and were present even in absence of fatty degenerative changes and water T2 increases.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1103–1113.
Effects of immobilization angle on tendon healing after achilles rupture in a rat model
Authors: Hillin Cody D. , Fryhofer George W. , Freedman Benjamin R. , Choi Daniel S. , Weiss Stephanie N. , Huegel Julianne , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTConservative (non‐operative) treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures is a common alternative to operative treatment. Following rupture, ankle immobilization in plantarflexion is thought to aid healing by restoring tendon end‐to‐end apposition. However, early activity may improve limb function, challenging the role of immobilization position on tendon healing, as it may affect loading across the injury site. This study investigated the effects of ankle immobilization angle in a rat model of Achilles tendon rupture. We hypothesized that manipulating the ankle from full plantarflexion into a more dorsiflexed position during the immobilization period would result in superior hindlimb function and tendon properties, but that prolonged casting in dorsiflexion would result in inferior outcomes. After Achilles tendon transection, animals were randomized into eight immobilization groups ranging from full plantarflexion (160°) to mid‐point (90°) to full dorsiflexion (20°), with or without angle manipulation. Tendon properties and ankle function were influenced by ankle immobilization position and time. Tendon lengthening occurred after 1 week at 20° compared to more plantarflexed angles, and was associated with loss of propulsion force. Dorsiflexing the ankle during immobilization from 160° to 90° produced a stiffer, more aligned tendon, but did not lead to functional changes compared to immobilization at 160°. Although more dorsiflexed immobilization can enhance tissue properties and function of healing Achilles tendon following rupture, full dorsiflexion creates significant tendon elongation regardless of application time. This study suggests that the use of moderate plantarflexion and earlier return to activity can provide improved clinical outcomes. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Predicting peri‐implant disease: Chi‐square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree analysis of risk indicators
Authors: Atieh Momen A. , Pang Ju Keat , Lian Kylie , Wong Stephanie , Tawse‐Smith Andrew , Ma Sunyoung , Duncan Warwick J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundFurther validation of the risk indicators / predictors for peri‐implant diseases is required to allow clinicians and patients to make informed decisions and optimize dental implant treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to build prediction models, using Chi‐square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analysis, to determine which systemic‐, patient‐, implant‐, site‐, surgical‐ and prostheses‐related risk indicators had more impact on the onset of peri‐implant diseases.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 200 patients who received implant‐supported prostheses between 1998 and 2011 was conducted to evaluate the prevalences and risk indicators for peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis. The data were further analyzed using CHAID to produce two predictive models.ResultsThe prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis was 20.2% and 10.2% for patients and implants, respectively, while the prevalence of peri‐implantitis was 10.1% at the patient level and 5.4% at the implant level. CHAID decision tree analysis identified three predictors (history of treated periodontitis, absence of regular supportive peri‐implant maintenance, and use of bone graft) for peri‐implant mucositis and three predictors (smoking, absence of regular supportive peri‐implant maintenance, and placement of ≥2 implants) for peri‐implantitis.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, CHAID decision tree analysis identified the most plausible risk indicators and provided two predictive models for use in a particular university setting that would allow early detection and ensure appropriate care and maintenance of patients at high risk of peri‐implant diseases.
A metagenomic analysis of the modulatory effect of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids on the intestinal microbiome in a high‐fat diet‐induced obesity mouse model
Authors: Cheng Lu , Chen Yuhui , Zhang Xin , Zheng Xiaojie , Cao Jinxuan , Wu Zufang , Qin Wenyan , Cheng Kejun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs a result of a low bioavailability, the majority of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids (CPF) remain in the large intestine where they accumulate to exert a modulatory effect on the intestinal micro‐ecology. Therefore, the present study investigated the modulatory effect of CPF on intestinal microbiota.RESULTSCPF dramatically ameliorated the obesity‐induced gut dysbiosis. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes after CPF treatment for 8 weeks. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of biosynthesis of amino acids, the two‐component system and ATP‐binding cassette transporters enriched the most differentially expressed genes after CPF intervention.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study indicate that CPF might have prebiotic‐like activity and could be used as a functional food component with potential therapeutic utility to prevent obesity‐related metabolic disorders by manipulating the gut flora and affecting certain metabolic pathways, thus contributing to the improvement of human health. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of reduced cost diets for the mass rearing of false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta)
Authors: Woods Michael J , Boersma Nevil , Hoffman Louwrens C , Pieterse Elsje 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFour trials were conducted; the first established optimal cooking time for false codling moth diets using a microwave oven while the other three trials aimed at determining nutrient requirements, testing these, and evaluating alternative cheaper raw materials.RESULTSMicrowave preparation for 8 min, using a 1000 W microwave oven was found to be the optimal cooking time for all treatment diets at 200 g kg−1 moisture. The minimum specification (MS) diet yielded more larvae per jar (mean ± standard deviation) (759 ± 29) than the control (CON) (652 ± 32) diet and the ideal amino acid profile (IAAP) diet (596 ± 46). The third trial subsequently utilized diets formulated according to the MS diet nutrient specifications but using novel and cheaper raw materials (D1 and D2). Production characteristics of diets D1 and D2 was compared to that of CON. Diets D1 and D2 yielded more larvae per jar (D1 = 911 ± 40; D2 = 830 ± 40) than that of CON (428 ± 40) with the added advantage that the newly formulated diets were cheaper.CONCLUSIONReduced cost feeds were formulated, mixed and tested which resulted in substantial saving in the mass rearing of the species for integrated pest management. This method shows potential for diet development of other insect species as well. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Consumer acceptance and sensory drivers of liking for high plant protein snacks
Authors: Saint‐Eve Anne , Granda Pablo , Legay Guillaume , Cuvelier Gérard , Delarue Julien 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsumers are being encouraged to increase the proportion of plant protein in their diet to tend to a sustainable food system. Solutions could include developing a food rich in plant protein. However, these new products have an interest only if they are in accordance with expectation and the liking of consumers. In this context, extruded snack balls were developed to explore the sensory drivers of liking and barriers to consumption of formulated products with a high level of plant proteins. Eight different products varying in the type of cereal flour (rice or wheat) and pea flour content (from 60% to 90%) were developed following a factorial design. Eighty omnivore and 72 flexitarian consumers were recruited to evaluate the liking of these products. In addition, their sensory properties were described by a trained panel according to a profile method.RESULTSThe cereal type had globally more influence on liking than the percentage of pea. However, liking was inversely correlated with pea flour content, regardless of the cereal type. The main drivers of liking are texture criteria (in particular crispy and puffy), whereas flavor perception (pea, green) constitutes a barrier to acceptance. Interestingly, very few differences of liking were observed depending on the diet of consumers even though the attitudes of flexitarian'towards such type of products differed from those of omnivores. We identified three clusters of consumers based on their preferences. Pea flavor acceptance or rejection could explain these clusters. Although most consumers rejected pea flavor, approximately 40% of the participants preferred the products with highest pea content.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study will help provide guidance for innovative plant food design and formulation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Improvement of the antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria in combination with berries/fruits and dairy industry by‐products
Authors: Bartkiene Elena , Lele Vita , Sakiene Vytaute , Zavistanaviciute Paulina , Ruzauskas Modestas , Bernatoniene Jurga , Jakstas Valdas , Viskelis Pranas , Zadeike Daiva , Juodeikiene Grazina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBy‐products from berries/fruits (B/F) and the dairy industry (DI) are an important environmental issue in many countries. In the present study, the concept of an improvement of the antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in combination with B/F (raspberries, blackcurrants, apples, rowanberries) and DI by‐products was analysed. Antimicrobial activities of the B/F by‐products and LAB (13 LAB strains were estimated against 15 pathogenic strains) were evaluated, with whey substrate being used for the selected and the highest antimicrobial activities showing LAB cultivation.RESULTSThe broadest spectrum of pathogenic bacteria inhibition was shown by lyophilised blackcurrant and apple by‐products, which inhibited 13 and 12 pathogenic strains of the 15 strains analysed, respectively. The strongest inhibition of the tested pathogens were shown by the Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245 and Lactobacillus casei LUHS210 and, for the abovementioned LAB biomass preparation, whey enriched with 2.5 g 100 g−1 glucose, 2.0 g 100 g−1 yeast extract and 0.5 g 100 g−1 saccharose is a suitable and sustainable substrate. The B/F by‐product's antimicrobial activity can be enhanced in combination with the LUHS245 and LUHS210 strains.CONCLUSIONLAB, B/F and DI by‐products can be used for preparation of antimicrobial products because the combination of compounds from different origins showed higher antimicrobial properties. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The Dynamic Relations Among Peritraumatic Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: An Experience Sampling Study During Wartime
Authors: Gelkopf Marc , Lapid Pickman Liron , Carlson Eve B. , Greene Talya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe associations among peritraumatic posttraumatic stress symptoms (P‐PTSS) in the immediate aftermath of trauma exposure, including those in the posttraumatic stress disorder clusters of intrusions, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood (NCM), and arousal, might indicate mechanisms through which enduring PTSD develops. During a period of war, exposed participants (N = 181) were sent twice‐daily questionnaires for 30 days via smartphone. We repeatedly assessed the predictive associations between the P‐PTSS clusters over time. We performed a multilevel pathway analysis built of multiple triple sequence responses (6,221 cases) on each of the four P‐PTSS clusters at a mean time lag of 12 hr (Model A) and 24 hr (Model B) for 181 participants, 85 of whom had been diagnosed with a serious mental illness. Arousal predicted intrusion in Models A and B, bA = 0.08, 95% CI [0.03, 0.12], p < .001 and bB = 0.03, 95% CI [0.00, 0.07], p = .051, respectively; and NCM in Models A and B, bA = 0.09, 95% CI [0.05, 0.12], p < .001 and bB = 0.06, 95% CI [0.03, 0.09], p < .001, respectively. Intrusion predicted arousal in Model B, bB = 0.05, 95% CI [0.01, 0.08], p = .010. NCM predicted arousal, bA = 0.10, 95% CI [0.05, 0.14], p < .001, and avoidance bA = 0.05, 95% CI [0.00, 0.11], p = .052, in Model A. Avoidance did not predict any other cluster. Arousal seemed to be acting as a hub, strengthening feedback loops to and from NCM and intrusion.
Can anatomical assessment of hypopharyngolarynx in awake patients predict obstructive sleep apnea?
Authors: Bolzer Adrien , Toussaint Bruno , Rumeau Cécile , Gallet Patrice , Jankowski Roger , Nguyen Duc Trung 
Published: February 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess the relationships between laryngeal and hypopharyngeal morphology and obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in awake patients.Study DesignProspective study.MethodsAwake flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy and sleep studies were performed in 80 patients for snoring or OSAHS suspicion. Endoscopic videos were reviewed by two examiners to assess morphological characteristics of hypopharynx and larynx using a standardized examination of appearance, shape and position of epiglottis, shape of retropharyngeal‐epiglottic aerospace (RPEA), modified Cormack‐Lehane score, and length ratios of the hypopharynx and epiglottis. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess independent predictors of moderate/severe OSAHS.ResultsThe interrater agreements were moderate for epiglottis appearance (κ = 0.52), epiglottis form (κ = 0.66), and epiglottis position (κ = 0.49), but fair for the shape of RPEA (κ = 0.26) and modified Cormack‐Lehane scoring (κ = 0.38). The presence of a mega‐epiglottis was significantly correlated with the severity of OSAHS (P < .05). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of moderate/severe obstructive sleep apnea were mega‐epiglottis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: = 4.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23‐18.56, P = .024), modified Cormack‐Lehane score of 2 (aOR: 15.3, 95% CI: 1.8‐130.3, P = .012), or modified Cormack‐Lehane score of 3 (aOR: 10.03, 95% CI: 1.3‐78.2, P = .03) and aging (aOR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.14, P = .025).ConclusionsRoutine flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy performed by otorhinolaryngologists in awake patients may help to detect some predictors of OSAHS such as presence of mega‐epiglottis, and modified Cormack‐Lehane score of 2 or more. Investigation of sleep disorders should be proposed in these patients.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 129:2782–2788, 2019