bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It is not collusion unless you get caught: the case of ‘Operation Car Wash’ and unearthing of a Cartel
Authors: Signor Regis , Love Peter E D , Vallim João José C B , Raupp Alexandre B , Olatunji Oluwole 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this article, we present findings from the Brazilian Federal Police’s ongoing investigation referred to as ‘Operation Car Wash’, which led to an accusation of collusive bidding being presented to a cartel that comprised 16 construction contractors. While plea bargains from several contractors within the cartel have materialized, additional evidence needs to be provided by the investigations officials to ensure the adequate application of justice. In this article, we provide scientific evidence that can be used by the Brazilian criminal courts to demonstrate the presence of collusive bidding. The contributions of this article are two-fold: (i) a robust and reliable econometric model to prove the presence of collusive bidding is implemented, which meets the basic criteria defined by the judicial system for scientific evidence; and (ii) the negative economic impact of collusive bid rigging is quantified, which was much higher than the percentage admitted by those involved in their leniency agreements.
International Humanitarian Law and Non-State Practice in Armed Conflict: Combatant’s Privilege and Kurdish Fighters in Syria
Authors: Rothkopf Ilana 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Do fighters associated with non-state armed groups have the combatant’s privilege in armed conflict? Non-state armed groups are commonplace in contemporary armed conflicts. However, international humanitarian law (IHL), particularly the law that pertains to combatant’s privilege and prisoner of war status, was designed with state actors in mind. This article assesses the conditions under which the members of non-state armed groups have combatant’s privilege. Throughout, it uses the case of Kurdish fighters in Syria as an example of the timeliness of this question and its ramifications for conflict actors. This article notes, with support from the Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocols, and other sources of IHL, that IHL does not foresee a combatant’s privilege for armed groups in a non-international armed conflict. It contends, however, that the international community should agree to a generalisable rule for the treatment of fighters as combatants regardless of conflict type, if these fighters demonstrate the capability and willingness to adhere to IHL. Such a rule would reduce the need to assess both conflict type and the status of individual fighters should they be captured, and more importantly, it would incentivise continued compliance with IHL.
Soy Food Consumption, Exercise, and Body Mass Index and Osteoporotic Fracture Risk Among Breast Cancer Survivors: The Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study
Authors: Zheng Neil , Hsieh Evelyn , Cai Hui , Shi Liang , Gu Kai , Zheng Ying , Bao Ping-Ping , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer survivors have a high incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures; the associated factors are understudied. We investigated incidence of bone fracture and its associations with soy food consumption, exercise, and body mass index among breast cancer survivors.

Methods
This prospective study included 4139 stage 0–III breast cancer patients and 1987 pre-/perimenopausal and 2152 postmenopausal patients. Fractures were assessed at 18 months and at 3, 5, and 10 years after cancer diagnosis. Osteoporotic fractures were defined as fractures caused by falls from standing height and at sites associated with osteoporosis. Exercise and soy isoflavone intake were assessed at 6 and 18 months postdiagnosis. Weight and height were measured at baseline. Lifetable and Cox regression analyses were employed. All statistical tests were two sided.

Results
The 10-year incidence for osteoporotic fractures was 2.9% and 4.4% for pre-/perimenopausal and postmenopausal patients, respectively. High soy isoflavone intake was associated with reduced risk among pre-/perimenopausal patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09 to 0.53, for soy isoflavone mg/d ≥56.06 vs <31.31; Ptrend < .001) but not among postmenopausal patients (Pinteraction < .01). Overweight (vs normal weight) was a risk factor for pre-/perimenopausal patients (HR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.04 to 3.14) but not for postmenopausal patients (HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.43 to 1.03; Pinteraction = .01). Exercise was inversely associated with osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal patients (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.97, for metabolic equivalents hours ≥12.6 vs <4.5) following a dose-response pattern (Ptrend = .035), an association not modified by menopausal status.

Conclusions
Our findings, especially the novel association of soy food intake with osteoporotic fractures in breast cancer survivors, if confirmed, can help guide future strategies for fracture risk reduction in this vulnerable population.
CmMYB#7, an R3 MYB transcription factor, acts as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in chrysanthemum
Authors: Xiang Lili , Liu Xiaofen , Li Heng , Yin Xueren , Grierson Donald , Li Fang , Chen Kunsong 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
‘Jimba’, a well-known white flowered chrysanthemum cultivar, occasionally and spontaneously produces red colored petals under natural cultivation, but there is little information about the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying this process. We analysed the expression patterns of 91 MYB transcription factors in ‘Jimba’ and ‘Turning red Jimba’ and identified an R3 MYB, CmMYB#7, whose expression was significantly decreased in ‘Turning red Jimba’ compared with ‘Jimba’, and confirmed it is a passive repressor of anthocyanin biosynthesis. CmMYB#7 competed with CmMYB6, which together with CmbHLH2 is an essential component of the anthocyanin activation complex, for interaction with CmbHLH2 through the bHLH binding site in the R3 MYB domain. This reduced binding of the CmMYB6–CmbHLH2 complex and inhibited its ability to activate CmDFR and CmUFGT promoters. Moreover, using transient expression assays we demonstrated that changes in the expression of CmMYB#7 accounted for alterations in anthocyanin content. Taken together, our findings illustrate that CmMYB#7 is a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in chrysanthemum.
Ben Pimlott Memorial Lecture 2018The Women’s Suffrage Movement in the Balfour Family
Authors: Pedersen Susan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Given on the centenary of women's suffrage, this lecture explores the tensions and conflicts the claim for the vote raised among elite women already enmeshed in parliamentary and political circles. Drawing on the unbuttoned and sometimes angry correspondence among A.J. Balfour's suffragist sisters-in-law Lady Frances Balfour and Lady Betty Balfour, Frances' collaborator (and suffragist leader) Millicent Fawcett, Lady Betty's militant suffragette sister Lady Constance Lytton, and their old friend (and wife of the anti-suffragist Prime Minister) Margot Asquith, it explores the appeal but also the costs of this democratic claim for such “incorporated” women - and explains why some nevertheless supported it.
Improving vaccination rates in older adults
Authors: Wright Wendy L. , Bruns Debra Pettit , Feeney Adele Susan , Strowman Shelley R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:
Adults age 65 or older are at increased risk for acute and chronic diseases. Patients in this group who are up to date with all CDC-recommended vaccinations can reduce morbidity and mortality. This article discusses a quality improvement project across four NP-owned primary care clinics in which all clinical staff received an educational intervention focused on best vaccination practices and Medicare billing strategies. This project yielded improved vaccination rates in the older adult patient population over a 3-month period.
Effect of Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist on Patient-Ventilator Interaction in Mechanically Ventilated Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pettenuzzo Tommaso , Aoyama Hiroko , Englesakis Marina , Tomlinson George , Fan Eddy 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
Patient-ventilator asynchrony is common among critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and has been associated with adverse outcomes. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist is a ventilatory mode that may lead to improved patient-ventilator synchrony. We conducted a systematic review to determine the impact of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist on patient-ventilator asynchrony, other physiologic variables, and clinical outcomes in adult patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in comparison with conventional pneumatically triggered ventilatory modes.

Data Sources:
We searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, conference abstracts, and ClinicalTrials.gov until July 2018.

Study Selection:
Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts for randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials (including crossover design) comparing the occurrence of patient-ventilator asynchrony between neurally adjusted ventilatory assist and pressure support ventilation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults. The asynchrony index and severe asynchrony (i.e., asynchrony index > 10%) were the primary outcomes.

Data Extraction:
Two authors independently extracted study characteristics and outcomes and assessed risk of bias of included studies.

Data Synthesis:
Of 11,139 unique citations, 26 studies (522 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen trials were included in the meta-analysis using random effects models through the generic inverse variance method. In several different clinical scenarios, the use of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist was associated with significantly reduced asynchrony index (mean difference, –8.12; 95% CI, –11.61 to –4.63; very low quality of evidence) and severe asynchrony (odds ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23–0.76; moderate quality of evidence) as compared with pressure support ventilation. Furthermore, other measurements of asynchrony were consistently improved during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist.

Conclusions:
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist improves patient-ventilator synchrony; however, its effects on clinical outcomes remain uncertain. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether the physiologic efficiency of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist affects patient-important outcomes in critically ill adults.
Colorectal Lymphoma: A Contemporary Case Series
Authors: Skube Steven J. , Arsoniadis Elliot G. , Sulciner Megan L. , Gilles Scott R. , Gaertner Wolfgang B. , Madoff Robert D. , Melton Genevieve B. , Peterson Bruce A. , Kwaan Mary R. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND:
Colon and rectal lymphomas are rare and can occur in the context of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Evidence-based management guidelines are lacking.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to characterize the presentation, diagnosis, and management of colorectal lymphoma and to identify differences within the transplant population.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective review of patients evaluated for colorectal lymphoma between 2000 and 2017. Patients were identified through clinical note queries.

SETTINGS:
Four hospitals within a single health system were included.

PATIENTS:
Fifty-two patients (64% men; mean age = 64 y; range, 26–91 y) were identified. No patient had <3 months of follow-up. Eight patients (15%) had posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Overall survival, recurrence, and complications in treatment pathway were measured.

RESULTS:
Most common presentations were rectal bleeding (27%), abdominal pain (23%), and diarrhea (23%). The most common location was the cecum (62%). Most frequent histologies were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (48%) and mantle cell lymphoma (25%). Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder occurred in the cecum (n = 4) and rectum (n = 4). Twenty patients (38%) were managed with chemotherapy; 25 patients (48%) underwent primary resection. Mass lesions had a higher risk of urgent surgical resection (35% vs 8%; p = 0.017). Three patients (15%) treated with chemotherapy presented with perforation requiring emergency surgery. Overall survival was 77 months (range, 25–180 mo). Patients with cecal involvement had longer overall survival (96 vs 26 mo; p = 0.038); immunosuppressed patients had shorter survival (16 vs 96 mo; p = 0.006). Survival in patients treated with surgical management versus chemotherapy was similar (67 vs 105 mo; p = 0.62).

LIMITATIONS:
This was a retrospective chart review, with data limited by the contents of the medical chart. This was a small sample size.

CONCLUSIONS:
Colorectal lymphoma is rare, with variable treatment approaches. Patients with noncecal involvement and chronic immunosuppression had worse overall survival. Patients with mass lesions, particularly cecal masses, are at higher risk to require urgent intervention, and primary resection should be considered. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A929.
Managing environmental exposure in clinical practice
Authors: Ashiru Oladapo A. , Adeyi Tinuke O. , Iloabachie Ebele C. , Bello Bolanle E. , Okeke Chizara C. , Soyoye Ajibola V. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:
Environmental toxins from various occupational industries like oil and gas, petrochemical, agriculture, and bad eating habits cause serious health hazards. This study describes the clinical success of Modern Mayr therapy type of detoxification in a fertility practice that uses detoxification as a complementary treatment.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 218 infertile patients undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment from January 2014 to December 2017 at the Medical Art Center (MART) Lagos, Nigeria were referred to MART-Life Detox clinic for a supervised Modern Mayr-type of detoxification before further assisted reproductive technology treatment. Patients were placed in 2 groups. Group A consisted of 131 patients with a history of one or more failed IVF cycles at MART before commencing Mayr therapy. Group B consisted of 87 patients with no previous IVF treatment at MART. Mayr therapy using special dietary nutrition and equipment such as hypoxicator and sea oxygenator was performed. Improvement in their fertility outcomes with regards to oocyte yield, pregnancy and live birth rate were assessed in subsequent cycles following detoxification.

Results:
The mean patient age was 41.53 years for group A and 40.6 years for group B. A total of 89% of all patients achieved significant weight reduction and improvement in body mass index. Uniform increase in oocyte yield was observed but this was particularly noticeable in previous poor responders in group A. Records showed positive hCG rates of 41.2% and 30%, clinical pregnancy rates of 27.5% and 21.8%, and live birth rates of 23.7% and 15%, in group A and B, respectively. There are currently 5 ongoing pregnancies in group A and 6 in group B.

Conclusions:
The data suggests that supervised modern Mayr type of detoxification may positively affect fertility indices in infertile couples who undergo assisted reproductive technology. However, there is a need for randomized controlled trials in larger populations to establish pattern of response.
Transpulmonary thermodilution techniques in the haemodynamically unstable patient
Authors: Beurton Alexandra , Teboul Jean-Louis , Monnet Xavier 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) devices invasively measure not only cardiac output but also several other haemodynamic variables estimating cardiac preload, cardiac preload, systolic function, the lung oedema and systolic function, the lung oedema and the pulmonary permeability. In light of the recent literature, we describe how different indices are measured, emphasize their clinical interest and list potential limits and side-effects of the technique.

Recent findings
Estimation of cardiac output measurement with TPTD is now well established, at least when compared with the pulmonary artery catheter. The advantage of calibrating the pulse contour analysis, as it is allowed by TPTD indices, is clearly established over uncalibrated devices. The greatest advantage of TPTD is to measure extravascular lung water and pulmonary permeability, which may be useful to diagnose acute respiratory distress syndrome and manage fluid therapy in various critical diseases. It also allows a rapid detection of left ventricular systolic failure. The information it provides must be considered complementary to that provided by echocardiography.

Summary
TPTD provides several indices that may help in making decisions during the therapeutic management of haemodynamically unstable patients. It should be used for the most critically ill patients, whose management requires a reliable, precise and holistic view of the cardiopulmonary condition.
Asthma in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Willen Shaina M. , Rodeghier Mark , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Asthma is common in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and appears to be associated with increased morbidity. Providers caring for children with SCD have struggled with the question of whether asthma exists as a true comorbidity or whether certain aspects of the chronic inflammatory disease gives children with SCD an asthma-like phenotype.

Recent findings
Clinical signs and symptoms seen in children with asthma in the general population, such as wheezing, airway hyperresponsiveness, atopy, elevated leukotrienes, and abnormal lung function are seen in children with SCD both with and without a diagnosis of asthma.

Summary
Current evidence highlights that the presence of lung disease in children with SCD has significant implications irrespective of the underlying cause, including asthma. Further research should focus on well tolerated and effective interventions to prevent disease-related complications for children with pulmonary complications of SCD.
Effectiveness of Discharge Education With the Teach-Back Method on 30-Day Readmission: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oh Eui Geum , Lee Hyun Joo , Yang You Lee , Kim Young Man 
Published: March 2019

Objectives
Teach-back methods are reported to improve patient outcomes by encouraging patient understanding and participation and are increasingly being used in various clinical settings. This study attempts to identify the effectiveness of discharge education using the teach-back method on 30-day readmission.

Methods
MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were used to search experimental studies. The search terms were “discharged patient,” “teach-back,” and “30-day readmission” published in English up until July 2017. Two trained reviewers performed a critical appraisal of retrieved studies using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Nonrandomized Studies. Data were analyzed using Cochrane Review Manager (Revman) software 5.2.

Results
A total of five studies were analyzed (3 studies on heart failure, 1 study on total joint replacement, and 1 study on a coronary artery bypass graft). The main content of the teach-back education was to confirm and reinforce the patients’ comprehension of health-related information. Among the five studies, three studies were included in the meta-analysis. The odds ratio of 30-day readmission for discharge education with the teach-back method and usual care was 0.55 (95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.91; P = 0.02). The I
2 score was 0%, which means that the analyzed studies are homogeneous.

Conclusions
The results indicate that discharge education with the teach-back method resulted in a 45% reduction in 30-day readmission. However, only a few studies were included in the analysis, and they showed a high risk of selection bias. Therefore, we suggest that well-designed randomized controlled trials be conducted.
A Novel Approach to Crooked Nose in Rhinoplasty: Asymmetric Level Osteotomy Combined With Unilateral Spreader Graft
Authors: Demir Uygar Levent 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The crooked nose is certainly among the most difficult to treat deformities for rhinoplasty surgeons. This deformity is a complex problem because each structural nasal component can be effected and they may be asymmetric bilaterally. Despite the use of sophisticated techniques and an additional effort, unfortunately the long-term aesthetic results may not be perfect with some minor flaws. Here in this study, the authors introduce a new technique that is used to correct crooked nose deformity. Sixteen consecutive patients who underwent open approach rhinoplasty by the same senior author between January 2015 and January 2018 with the diagnosis of C-shaped, reverse C-shaped, and I-shaped crooked nose deformity were included. The authors performed low-to-low lateral osteotomy with transverse root osteotomy to concave side (wider side) and low-to-high osteotomy to convex side (narrower side) combined with a unilateral spreader graft to concave side. Frontal images were taken preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively to use for further assessments. The authors compared the preoperative deviation angle values at rhinion (RDA) and at nasal tip (tip deviation angle) with postoperative values. In the study group, RDA value showed significant decrease after surgery; the preoperative RDA value was 6.2° (1.66°–16.39°) and it was calculated as 2.44° (0.7°–5.77°) with P < 0.001 postoperatively. The changes at tip deviation angle were also significant (P < 0.001) and tip deviation was successfully decreased from a value of 5.08° (2.8°–10.62°) to 2.13° (0.5°–6.6°) postoperatively. In conclusion, this study offers a new and effective technique to correct crooked nose deformity that can be used safely with satisfying aesthetic results.
Comparison of four Combined Procedures for Correction of Involutional Lower Eyelid Entropion
Authors: Poon Jia Shin , Vahdani Kaveh , Thaller Vladimir Theodor 
Published: March 2019

Background:
To evaluate 4 combined techniques for entropion repair which address the horizontal laxity by either lateral tarsal strip (LTS) or Bick's procedure (BP) and the vertical laxity by everting sutures (ESs) or lower lid retractor plication (LLRP).

Methods:
Retrospective, comparative consecutive clinical series. A total of 261 procedures were performed on 227 patients. Patients were divided in the following groups based on the procedure type: Group 1: LTS + ES (n = 115), Group 2: LTS + LLRP (n = 77), Group 3: BP + ES (n = 25), and Group 4: BP + LLRP (n = 44).

Results:
The study cohort included 132 males and 95 females. The mean age was 76.2 ± 8.3 years. The mean follow-up was 13 months (range 3–58). At last follow-up, the cure rate was 92% in the LTS + ES and 90% LTS + LLRP groups, in contrast to 100% in BP + ES and BP + LLRP groups (P = 0.035). Overcorrection was observed in 2 patients from LTS + ES and 5 from LTS + LLRP group. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of symptoms outcomes among 4 groups. Complications were relatively minor with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.13). The reoperation rate was 7% and 6.5% in groups 1 and 2 (P = 1.0), respectively, to none in groups 3 and 4.

Conclusion:
Bick's procedure in conjunction with either ES or LLRP, provides a quick, simple, and effective means for addressing the main pathogenic factors of involutional entropion. This study found a lower recurrence rate and consecutive ectropion formation in Bick's compared to LTS groups.