bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warped diffusive radio halo around the quiescent spiral edge-on galaxy NGC 4565
Authors: Heesen V. , Whitler L. , Schmidt P. , Miskolczi A. , Sridhar S. S. , Horellou C. , Beck R. , Gürkan G. , Scannapieco E. , Brüggen M. , Heald G. H. , Krause M. , Paladino R. , Nikiel-Wroczyński B. , Wilber A. , Dettmar R.-J. 
Published: July 2019

Context. Cosmic rays play a pivotal role in launching galactic winds, particularly in quiescently star-forming galaxies where the hot gas alone is not sufficient to drive a wind. Except for the Milky Way, not much is known about the transport of cosmic rays in galaxies.
Aims. In this Letter, we present low-frequency observations of the nearby edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 4565 using the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR). With our deep 144 MHz observations, we obtain a clean estimate of the emission originating from old cosmic-ray electrons (CRe), which is almost free from contamination by thermal emission.
Methods. We measured vertical profiles of the non-thermal radio continuum emission that we fitted with Gaussian and exponential functions. The different profile shapes correspond to 1D cosmic-ray transport models of pure diffusion and advection, respectively.
Results. We detect a warp in the radio continuum that is reminiscent of the previously known H I warp. Because the warp is not seen at GHz-frequencies in the radio continuum, its minimum age must be about 100 Myr. The warp also explains the slight flaring of the thick radio disc that can otherwise be well described by a Gaussian profile with an FWHM of 65 arcsec (3.7 kpc).
Conclusions. The diffusive radio halo together with the extra-planar X-ray emission may be remnants of enhanced star-forming activity in the past where the galaxy had a galactic wind, as GHz-observations indicate only a weak outflow in the last 40 Myr. NGC 4565 could be in transition from an outflow- to an inflow-dominated phase.
«Schmerz, du bist ein Teil meines Lebens, aber nicht der
wichtigste!»
Authors: Erhardt-Raum Gertrud 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
In Interviews bezeichnen Patienten mit dem Fibromyalgiesyndrom
Funktionstraining und Autogenes Training als hilfreich. Vor allem die
Unterstützung und Ablenkung durch die Gruppe werden dabei sehr geschätzt.
Auch in der Einzelbehandlung können Patienten angeleitet werden, die
Wahrnehmung weg vom Schmerz zu lenken, zum Beispiel mit Hilfe der Übung
Aufmerksamkeitsscheinwerfer.
Physiotherapie eines Chamäleons
Authors: Erhardt-Raum Gertrud 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit einem Fibromyalgiesyndrom (FMS) fühlen sich manchmal, als würden
sie in einer engen Rüstung stecken oder zu einer zähen Masse mutieren.
Strukturelle Ursachen können diese Beschwerden nicht eindeutig erklären. Die
Therapie sollte sich daher nicht nur auf rein somatische Aspekte beschränken,
sondern auch Edukation und Stressbewältigungsverfahren beinhalten.
The effect of intermittent running on biomarkers of bone turnover
Authors: Evans W. , Nevill A. , McLaren S. J. , Ditroilo M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntermittent exercise might be an efficient means of exercise for improving bone strength and quality. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of intermittent running on bone turnover markers using altered exercise‐to‐rest intervals. Twelve males completed one control (no exercise), and three, 45‐min intermittent protocols (5, 20, and 80 s intervals) matched for distance and speed. Fasted venous blood samples were collected at baseline, 1, 2 and 24 h post‐exercise. Carboxyterminal crosslinked telopeptide (CTX‐I) and procollagen type 1 amino‐terminal propeptide (P1NP) were used as markers of bone resorption and formation. After adjustment for baseline, CTX‐I concentration at 1 h was higher (very likely to most likely small) for 5 s (30.2%; ±90% confidence limits: 10%), 20 s (2.9.0%; ±10%) and 80 s (32.0%; ±10%) compared to control. The very likely small effect remained for 5 s at 2 h (30.2%; ±15%). The effect for 20 and 80 s was possibly trivial and possibly small/possibly trivial (∼14.5%; ±∼15%). Differences in P1NP concentrations were likely to very likely trivial (∼7.4%; ±∼7.6%). Circulating CTX‐I concentration is affected acutely by intermittent running with short‐interval (5 s) intermittent loading resulting in a prolonged attenuation in circadian rhythm of CTX‐I up to 2 h that was not demonstrated as clearly by longer intervals despite matched internal and external training load.
sAOP: linking chemical stressors to adverse outcomes pathway networks
Authors: Aguayo-Orozco Alejandro , Audouze Karine , Siggaard Troels , Barouki Robert , Brunak Søren , Taboureau Olivier 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a toxicological concept proposed to provide a mechanistic representation of biological perturbation over different layers of biological organization. Although AOPs are by definition chemical-agnostic, many chemical stressors can putatively interfere with one or several AOPs and such information would be relevant for regulatory decision-making.

Results
With the recent development of AOPs networks aiming to facilitate the identification of interactions among AOPs, we developed a stressor-AOP network (sAOP). Using the ‘cytotoxitiy burst’ (CTB) approach, we mapped bioactive compounds from the ToxCast data to a list of AOPs reported in AOP-Wiki database. With this analysis, a variety of relevant connections between chemicals and AOP components can be identified suggesting multiple effects not observed in the simplified ‘one-biological perturbation to one-adverse outcome’ model. The results may assist in the prioritization of chemicals to assess risk-based evaluations in the context of human health.

Availability and implementation
sAOP is available at http://saop.cpr.ku.dk

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Design Strategies for Biocontainment Units to Reduce Risk During Doffing of High-level Personal Protective Equipment
Authors: Wong Maria F , Matić Zorana , Campiglia Gabrielle C , Zimring Craig M , Mumma Joel M , Kraft Colleen S , Casanova Lisa M , Durso Francis T , Walsh Victoria L , Shah Puja Y , Shane Andi L , Jacob Jesse T , Dubose Jennifer R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Few data exist to guide the physical design of biocontainment units, particularly the doffing area. This can impact the contamination risk of healthcare workers (HCWs) during doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE).

Methods
In phase I of our study, we analyzed simulations of a standard patient care task with 56 trained HCWs focusing on doffing of high-level PPE. In phase II, using a rapid cycle improvement approach, we tested different balance aids and redesigned doffing area layouts with 38 students. In phase III, we tested 1 redesigned layout with an additional 10 trained HCWs. We assessed the effectiveness of design changes on improving the HCW performance (measured by occurrence and number of risky behaviors) and reducing the physical and cognitive load by comparing the results from phase I and phase III.

Results
The physical load was highest when participants were removing their shoe covers without any balance aid; the use of a chair required the lowest physical effort, followed by horizontal and vertical grab bars. In the revised design (phase III), the overall performance of participants improved. There was a significant decrease in the number of HCW risky behaviors (P = .004); 5 risky behaviors were eliminated and 2 others increased. There was a significant decrease in physical load when removing disposable shoe covers (P = .04), and participants reported a similar workload in the redesigned doffing layout (P = .43).

Conclusions
Through optimizing the design and layout of the doffing space, we reduced risky behaviors of HCWs during doffing of high-level PPE.
Recurrent pulmonary embolism related with Paget–Schroetter syndrome: a case report
Authors: Sahashi Yuki , Naito Junko , Kawasaki Masanori 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPaget–Schroetter syndrome (PSS) is an unusual cause of venous thromboembolism, which is frequently misdiagnosed and undiagnosed in clinical settings. Although axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis is related with PSS typically presents in healthy young athletes, it is possible for this phenomenon to occur in various age settings.Case summaryWe present a case of recurrent pulmonary embolism caused by a thrombus in dilated axillary vein related with PSS. A 74-year-old man was referred to our cardiology department for chest discomfort and hypoxaemia. The contrast computed tomography (CT) revealed that he suffered from bilateral pulmonary embolism. However, we could not find the source of embolism despite other examinations such as ultrasonography of the inferior limb deep vein. Three months later, the patient complained of dyspnoea for a second time, and a contrast CT scan was subsequently performed revealing a new pulmonary embolism. Surgical resection of the giant thrombus was performed, resulting in a good clinical course without recurrence.DiscussionWe experienced a case of recurring pulmonary embolism in a patient with undiagnosed PSS, which was related to the active and vigorous movement of the right arm during his working. Although there are various treatments for PSS including anticoagulation, first rib resection, and lifestyle modification, we need to consider what is the best treatment individually.
A physiological perspective on targets of nitration in NO-based signaling networks in plants
Authors: Arasimowicz-Jelonek Magdalena , Floryszak-Wieczorek Jolanta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough peroxynitrite (ONOO−) has been well documented as a nitrating cognate of nitric oxide (NO) in plant cells, modifications of proteins, fatty acids, and nucleotides by nitration are relatively under-explored topics in plant NO research. As a result, they are seen mainly as hallmarks of redox processes or as markers of nitro-oxidative stress under unfavorable conditions, similar to those observed in human and other animal systems. Protein tyrosine nitration is the best-known nitrative modification in the plant system and can be promoted by the action of both ONOO− and related NO-derived oxidants within the cell environment. Recent progress in ‘omics’ and modeling tools have provided novel biochemical insights into the physiological and pathophysiological fate of nitrated proteins. The nitration process can be specifically involved in various cell regulatory mechanisms that control redox signaling via nitrated cGMP or nitrated fatty acids. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that nitrative modifications of nucleotides embedded in DNA and RNA can be considered as smart switches of gene expression that fine-tune adaptive cellular responses to stress. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the potential implications of biotargets in the regulation of intracellular traffic and plant biological processes.
Plant growth-regulating molecules as thermoprotectants: functional relevance and prospects for improving heat tolerance in food crops
Authors: Sharma Lomeshwar , Priya Manu , Kaushal Neeru , Bhandhari Kalpna , Chaudhary Shikha , Dhankher Om Parkash , Prasad Pv Vara , Siddique Kadambot Hm , Nayyar Harsh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmong various abiotic stresses, heat stress is one of the most damaging, threatening plant productivity and survival all over the world. Warmer temperatures due to climatic anomalies above optimum growing temperatures have detrimental impacts on crop yield potential as well as plant distribution patterns. Heat stress affects overall plant metabolism in terms of physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression. Membrane damage, protein degradation, enzyme inactivation, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species are some of the harmful effects of heat stress that cause injury to various cellular compartments. Although plants are equipped with various defense strategies to counteract these adversities, their defensive means are not sufficient to defend against the ever-rising temperatures. Hence, substantial yield losses have been observed in all crop species under heat stress. Here, we describe the involvement of various plant growth-regulators (PGRs) (hormones, polyamines, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and other signaling molecules) in thermotolerance, through diverse cellular mechanisms that protect cells under heat stress. Several studies involving the exogenous application of PGRs to heat-stressed plants have demonstrated their role in imparting tolerance, suggesting the strong potential of these molecules in improving the performance of food crops grown under high temperature.
Outcomes in Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infections Complicated by Respiratory Viral Infections in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Magira Eleni E , Chemaly Roy F , Jiang Ying , Tarrand Jeffrey , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Data regarding invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) following respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in patients with leukemia and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (LHSCT) are limited.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective case-control study of post-RVI IPA (2006–2016). Cases were patients who underwent LHSCT and had RVI due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus (INF), or parainfluenza virus (PIV) followed by culture-documented IPA within 6 weeks. Controls had IPA only.

Results
We identified 54 cases and 142 controls. Among cases, 29 (54%) had PIV infection, 14 (26%) had INF infection, and 11 (20%) had RSV infection. The median time to IPA after RVI was 7 days. A greater percentage of cases (37 [69%]) than controls (52 [37%]) underwent allogeneic HSCT (P &lt; .0001). Cases were more likely to be nonneutropenic (33 [61%] vs 56 [39%]; P = .009) and in hematologic remission (27 [50%] vs 39 [27%]; P = .003) before IPA. Cases were more likely to have monocytopenia (45 [83%] vs 99 [70%]; P = .05) and less likely to have severe neutropenia (21 [39%] vs 86 [61%]; P = .007) at IPA diagnosis. Prior use of an Aspergillus-active triazole was more common in cases (27 of 28 [96%] vs 50 of 74 [68%]; P = .0017). Median time to empirical antifungal therapy initiation was 2 days in both groups. Crude 42-day mortality rates did not differ between cases (22%) and controls (27%), but the 42-day mortality rate was higher among cases with IPA after RSV infection (45%) than among those with IPA following INF or PIV infection (13%; P = .05).

Conclusions
IPA had comparable outcomes when it followed RVI in patients who underwent LHSCT, and post-RVI IPA occurred more frequently in patients with prior allogeneic HSCT and was associated with leukemia relapse and neutropenia.
In silico screening of GMQ-like compounds reveals guanabenz and sephin1 as new allosteric modulators of acid-sensing ion channel 3
Authors: Callejo Gerard , Pattison Luke A. , Greenhalgh Jack C. , Chakrabarti Sampurna , Andreopoulou Evangelia , Hockley James R. F. , St. John Smith Ewan , Rahman Taufiq 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAcid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are voltage-independent cation channels that detect decreases in extracellular pH. Dysregulation of ASICs underpins a number of pathologies. Of particular interest is ASIC3, which is recognised as a key sensor of acid-induced pain and is instrumental in the establishment of pain arising from inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, the identification of new ASIC3 modulators and the mechanistic understanding of how these compounds modulate ASIC3 could be important for the development of new strategies to counteract the detrimental effects of dysregulated ASIC3 activity in inflammation. Here, we report the identification of novel ASIC3 modulators based on the ASIC3 agonist, 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (GMQ). Through a GMQ-guided in silico screening of Food and Drug administration (FDA)-approved drugs, 5 compounds were selected and tested for their modulation of rat ASIC3 (rASIC3) using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. Of the chosen drugs, guanabenz (GBZ), an α2-adrenoceptor agonist, produced similar effects to GMQ on rASIC3, activating the channel at physiological pH (pH 7.4) and potentiating its response to mild acidic (pH 7) stimuli. Sephin1, a GBZ derivative that lacks α2-adrenoceptor activity, has been proposed to act as a selective inhibitor of a regulatory subunit of the stress-induced protein phosphatase 1 (PPP1R15A) with promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. However, we found that like GBZ, sephin1 activates rASIC3 at pH 7.4 and potentiates its response to acidic stimulation (pH 7), i.e. sephin1 is a novel modulator of rASIC3. Furthermore, docking experiments showed that, like GMQ, GBZ and sephin1 likely interact with the nonproton ligand sensor domain of rASIC3. Overall, these data demonstrate the utility of computational analysis for identifying novel ASIC3 modulators, which can be validated with electrophysiological analysis and may lead to the development of better compounds for targeting ASIC3 in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
A NanoBRET-based binding assay for Smoothened allows real time analysis of small-molecule ligand binding and distinction of two separate ligand binding sites for BODIPY-cyclopamine
Authors: Kozielewicz Paweł , Bowin Carl-Fredrik , Schulte Gunnar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and PurposeSmoothened (SMO) is a GPCR that mediates hedgehog signaling. Hedgehog binds the Patched, which in turn regulates SMO activation. Overactive SMO signaling is oncogenic and is therefore a clinically established drug target. Here, we establish a nanoluciferase bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET)-based ligand binding assay for SMO providing a sensitive and high throughput-compatible addition to the toolbox of GPCR pharmacologists.Experimental ApproachIn the NanoBRET-based binding assay, SMO is N terminally tagged with nanoluciferase (Nluc) and binding of BODIPY-cyclopamine is assessed by quantifying resonance energy transfer between receptor and ligand. The assay allows kinetic analysis of ligand-receptor binding in living HEK293 cells and competition binding experiments using commercially available SMO ligands (SANT-1, cyclopamine-KAAD, SAG1.3 and purmorphamine).Key ResultsThe NanoBRET binding assay for SMO is sensitive and superior to purely fluorescence-based binding assays. BODIPY-cyclopamine showed complex binding parameters suggesting separate binding sites.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe NanoBRET ligand binding assay for SMO provides a fast, sensitive and reliable alternative to assess SMO ligand binding. Furthermore, this assay is sufficiently sensitive to dissect a SANT-1-sensitive and a SANT-1-insensitive cyclopamine binding site in the 7TM core, and will be important to further dissect and understand the molecular pharmacology of Class F receptors.What is already knownCyclopamine targets SMO as antagonist and fluorescently-labelled cyclopamine has been used for fluorescence-based binding assays for SMO. Structural analysis has suggested two binding sites on SMO, one in the receptor core and one the CRD.What this study addsWe established a NanoBRET-based binding assay for SMO with superior sensitivity compared to fluorescence-based assays. This assay allows distinction of two separate binding sites for BODIPY-cyclopamine on SMO in live cells in real time.What is the clinical significanceThe assay is a valuable complement for drug discovery efforts and will support a better understanding of Class F GPCR pharmacology.
Growth and rapid succession of methanotrophs effectively limit methane release during lake overturn
Authors: Mayr Magdalena J. , Zimmermann Matthias , Dey Jason , Brand Andreas , Wehrli Bernhard , Bürgmann Helmut 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLakes and reservoirs contribute substantially to atmospheric concentrations of the potent greenhouse gas methane. Lacustrine sediments produce large amounts of methane, which accumulate in oxygen-depleted hypolimnia of stratified lakes. Due to climate change and progressing eutrophication, the number of lakes with hypolimnetic methane storage may increase in the future. However, whether stored methane eventually reaches the atmosphere during lake overturn is a matter of controversy and depends critically on the response of the methanotroph assemblage. We show that the methanotroph assemblage in a mixing lake underwent both a substantial bloom and ecological succession. As a result, the methane oxidation capacity of the mixed layer kept pace with the methane supplied from the hypolimnion and most of the stored methane was oxidized. This previously unknown aspect of freshwater methanotroph ecology represents an effective mechanism limiting methane transfer from lakes to the atmosphere.
Improved FRAP measurements on biofilms
Authors: Hauth J. , Chodorski J. , Wirsen A. , Ulber R. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWe expand the standard FRAP model introduced by Axelrod et al. in 1976. Our goal is to capture some common artifacts observed in the fluorescence measurements obtained with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) in biofilms: 1) linear drift, 2) exponential decrease (due to bleaching during the measurements), 3) stochastic Gaussian noise, and 4) uncertainty in the exact time point of the onset of fluorescence recovery. In order to fit the resulting stochastic model to data from FRAP measurements and to estimate all unknown model parameters, we apply a suitably adapted Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. In this way, a more accurate estimation of the diffusion coefficient of the fluorophore is achieved. The method was tested on data obtained from FRAP measurements on a cultivated biofilm.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEDiffusion and mass transport in biofilms is presumed to play an important role in the resistance against antimicrobial agents and the secretion thereof. FRAP measurements give insight into these transport processes. In this article, the authors expand the standard FRAP model by a blackbox part which addresses some artifacts commonly observed in the measurements. This is done in order to improve the estimations of diffusion coefficients considerably, aiming at a more comprehensive description of diffusion processes inside the biofilm. We expect that the methods are transferable to FRAP measurements on materials other than biofilms.