bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of antidepressant drugs in biological samples using alkanol‐based nano structured supramolecular solvent microextraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric analysis
Authors: Salamat Qamar , Yamini Yadollah , Moradi Morteza , Farahani Abolfazl , Feizi Neda 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the present study, a supramolecular solvent was formed from reverse micelle aggregates of octanol. The proposed supramolecular solvent was used for rapid extraction of some antidepressants drugs including amitriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, maprotiline, sertraline, and doxepin from biological samples. Alkanol‐based supramolecular solvents have a unique array of physicochemical properties, making them a very attractive alternative to replace organic solvents in analytical extractions. The parameters affecting the extraction of target analytes (i.e., the volume of tetrahydrofuran and octanol as the major components comprising the supramolecular solvent, chain length of alkanols, sample solution pH, salt addition, and ultrasonic time) were investigated and optimized by factor by factor optimization method. Under the optimum conditions, preconcentration factors of 470, 490, 460, 385, 370, and 430 were obtained for amitriptyline, doxepin, imipramine, desipramine, maprotiline, and sertraline, respectively. The linear ranges and coefficients of determination (R2) were obtained in the range of 0.01–100 μg/L and 0.9974–0.9991, respectively. Also the limits of detection (S/N = 3) of 0.003–0.03 μg/L, and precisions (n = 5) of 4.9–8.9% were calculated. Finally, the method was successfully applied for the extraction of antidepressant drugs in biological samples, and relative recoveries in the range of 91–102% were obtained.
Selective reinnervation using phrenic nerve and hypoglossal nerve for bilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Li Meng , Zheng Hongliang , Chen Shicai , Chen Donghui , Zhu Minhui 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the extent of airway improvement and voice quality in patients with bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) who underwent selective laryngeal reinnervation surgery.MethodsSeven patients with BVFP caused by thyroid surgeries were enrolled. They underwent selective laryngeal reinnervation surgery. Videostroboscopy data, voice perceptual data (grade [G]), acoustic data, laryngeal electromyography data, and pulmonary function test data were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsVideostroboscopic videos showed that six patients could achieve moderate‐to‐maximal abduction in the bilateral vocal folds during inspiration, whereas all patients achieved adduction in the bilateral vocal folds during phonation at 4 to 7 months postoperatively. G score was decreased significantly versus preoperative values (P < 0.05), and vocal functional parameters were improved significantly at 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). The aerodynamic parameter of maximum phonation time was significantly longer than the preoperative value (P < 0.05). Most parameters in pulmonary function test recovered to normal reference levels as early as 3 months postoperatively, whereas maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) values were still slightly lower than normal levels 12 months after surgery. All of these parameters improved significantly versus preoperative values. Electromyographic data at 12 months postoperatively showed full interference potentials in bilateral posterior cricoarytenoid muscles during inspiration and full interference potentials in bilateral thyroarytenoid muscles during phonation in all patients. Moderate electric potentials were seen in left interarytenoid muscle in one failed patient.ConclusionThis new selective laryngeal reinnervation procedure can achieve physiological movements of the bilateral vocal folds in selected patients with BVFP.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 129:2669–2673, 2019
Histologic effect of the potassium‐titanyl phosphorous laser on laryngeal papilloma
Authors: Eigsti Renee L. , Bayan Semirra L. , Robinson Robert A. , Hoffman Henry T. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTissue effects occurring with potassium‐titanyl phosphorous (KTP) laser treatment are difficult to quantify due to the multiple variables that affect not only the fluence (energy delivered) but also the laser–tissue interaction. This histopathologic analysis of recurrent respiratory papilloma (RRP) removed after treatment with KTP laser therapy permits correlation of histologic effect with method of laser treatment.MethodsThe histopathology of RRP resected specimens in a single patient was compared following treatment with KTP laser in contact and non‐contact modes as documented with intraoperative photography and video imaging.ResultsEpithelial‐sparing injury selective to the microvasculature was identified on histopathologic assessment of a specimen treated with noncontact angiolysis. Highly cauterized papillomatous epithelium without identifiable vascular structures was identified on tissue removed after treatment with the KTP laser in contact mode.ConclusionThe histopathologic assessment of acute KTP laser effect on papilloma permits correlation between technique of application and tissue effect. Similar assessments may be helpful to modify dosimetry for individual patients requiring repeated treatment and may also assist in refining the development of existing KTP laser treatment classification systems.Level of Evidence4
Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3) Ameliorated the Onset and Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice
Authors: Adkins Yuriko , Soulika Athena M. , Mackey Bruce , Kelley Darshan S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic autoimmune disease, which is the leading cause of nontraumatic neurologic disability in young adults in United States and Europe. n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are reported to mitigate severity of this disease. Recent studies suggest that phospholipid (PL) form of dietary n‐3 PUFA may lead to their higher tissue accretion than triacylglycerol (TAG) form. We compared efficacy of PL‐docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3) (DHA) and TAG‐DHA on onset and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in a mouse model of MS. Female mice were fed low alpha‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐3) (ALA) diet (control) for 2 weeks and then fed either control, 0.3%, or 1.0% DHA (PL or TAG) for 4 weeks pre‐EAE induction and 4 weeks post‐EAE induction. The brain and spinal cord n‐6:n‐3 ratio was significantly lower in all mice fed DHA compared to control. EAE onset was delayed in mice fed both DHA forms and concentrations, except for 1% TAG‐DHA. The inverse association between the EAE score and the brain DHA concentration was nonsignificant at the end of the study (p = 0.08). Daily EAE scores of mice fed different DHA diets did not differ from control, however, the score of all DHA groups combined during days 9–16 was lower (p = 0.028) compared to the control. During days 17–22, the EAE score trended lower in 0.3% TAG‐DHA and during days 23–28, the EAE score trended lower in both PL‐DHA groups than those in all other groups. These findings suggest that TAG‐DHA may be more effective than PL‐DHA in the early phases of EAE, and in the final outcome, PL‐DHA may be more effective than TAG‐DHA.
Chemical microenvironments within macroalgal assemblages: Implications for the inhibition of kelp recruitment by turf algae
Authors: Layton Cayne , Cameron Matthew J. , Shelamoff Victor , Fernández Pamela A. , Britton Damon , Hurd Catriona L. , Wright Jeffrey T. , Johnson Craig R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKelp forests around the world are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic stressors. A widespread consequence is that in many places, complex and highly productive kelp habitats have been replaced by structurally simple and less productive turf algae habitats. Turf algae habitats resist re‐establishment of kelp via recruitment inhibition; however, little is known about the specific mechanisms involved. One potential factor is the chemical environment within the turf algae and into which kelp propagules settle and develop. Using laboratory trials, we illustrate that the chemical microenvironment (O2 concentration and pH) 0.0–50 mm above the substratum within four multispecies macroalgal assemblages (including a turf‐sediment assemblage and an Ecklonia radiata kelp‐dominated assemblage) are characterized by elevated O2 and pH relative to the surrounding seawater. Notably however, O2 and pH were significantly higher within turf‐sediment assemblages than in kelp‐dominated assemblages, and at levels that have previously been demonstrated to impair the photosynthetic or physiological capacity of kelp propagules. Field observations of the experimental assemblages confirmed that recruitment of kelp was significantly lower into treatments with dense turf algae than in the kelp‐dominated assemblages. We demonstrate differences between the chemical microenvironments of kelp and turf algae assemblages that correlate with differences in kelp recruitment, highlighting how degradation of kelp habitats might result in the persistence of turf algae habitats and the localized absence of kelp.
Strategies for Optical Trapping in Biological Samples: Aiming at Microrobotic Surgeons
Authors: Bunea Ada‐Ioana , Glückstad Jesper 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOptical trapping and manipulation of objects down to the Ångstrom level has revolutionized research at the smallest scales in all natural sciences. The flexibility of optical trapping methods facilitates real‐time monitoring of the dynamics of biological processes in model systems and even in living cells. Different optical trapping and manipulation approaches allow displacement of nanostructures with subnanometer precision and force measurements with femtonewton precision. Due to inherent constraints of optical methods, most optical trapping experiments are performed in water or simple aqueous solutions. However, in recent years, there is an ever‐growing interest of shifting from simple aqueous media towards more biologically‐relevant media. Precise optical trapping and manipulation, combined with state‐of‐the‐art microfabrication, will enable the development of microrobotic “surgeons” with tremendous potential for biomedical and microengineering applications. This review introduces the basics of optical trapping and discusses its applications for biological samples, with focus on trapping in biological media and strategies for overcoming the challenges of optical manipulation in complex environments as a stepping‐stone for microrobotic “surgeons.”
Molecular diagnosis of somatic overgrowth conditions: A single‐center experience
Authors: Lalonde Emilie , Ebrahimzadeh Jessica , Rafferty Keith , Richards‐Yutz Jennifer , Grant Richard , Toorens Erik , Marie Rosado Jennifer , Schindewolf Erica , Ganguly Tapan , Kalish Jennifer M. , Deardorff Matthew A. , Ganguly Arupa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSomatic overgrowth conditions, including Proteus syndrome, Sturge–Weber syndrome, and PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum, are caused by post‐zygotic pathogenic variants, result in segmental mosaicism, and give rise to neural, cutaneous and/or lipomatous overgrowth. These variants occur in growth‐promoting pathways leading to cellular proliferation and expansion of tissues that arise from the affected cellular lineage.MethodsWe report on 80 serial patients evaluated for somatic overgrowth conditions in a diagnostic laboratory setting, including three prenatal patients. In total, 166 tissues from these 80 patients were subjected to targeted sequencing of an 8‐gene panel capturing 10.2 kb of sequence containing known pathogenic variants associated with somatic overgrowth conditions. Deep next‐generation sequencing was performed with the IonTorrent PGM platform at an average depth typically >5,000×.ResultsLikely pathogenic or pathogenic variants were identified in 36 individuals and variants of unknown significance in four. The overall molecular diagnostic yield was 45% but was highly influenced by both submitted tissue type and phenotype. In the prenatal setting, two patients had pathogenic variants identified in cultured amniocytes but in a third patient, the pathogenic variant was only present in post‐natal tissues. Finally, expanding the test to include full gene sequencing of PIK3CA in contrast to targeted sequencing identified likely pathogenic variants in 3 of 7 patients that tested negative on the original panel.ConclusionNext‐generation sequencing has enabled sensitive detection of somatic pathogenic variants associated with overgrowth conditions. However, as the pathogenic variant allele frequency varies by tissue type within an individual, submission of affected tissue(s) greatly increases the chances of a molecular diagnosis.
Implementing active care through (cultural) activities of daily living: A person‐centred approach to achieve flourishing
Authors: Ververda Janet , Hauge Solveig 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate how participants in the Active Care education programme experienced using their obtained knowledge in practice.DesignA narrative inquiry as described by Clandinin and Connelly.MethodA thematic analysis of 20 narratives written by participants in the education programme from 2015–2017.ResultsThree themes appeared to be dominant: the consequences of activity, relationships and positive emotions. These elements reflect the notion of flourishing.
Classification of barberry genotypes by multivariate analysis of biochemical constituents and HPLC profiles
Authors: Gholizadeh‐Moghadam Naser , Hosseini Bahman , Alirezalu Abolfazl 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionRecently, there has been a growing interest in the use of edible barberry and their extracts as a source of natural antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical industries.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical constituents of 18 samples of barberry fruits and classification of barberry genotypes by multivariate analysis.MethodsTotal phenolic, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin, total tannin, total carbohydrate contents and antioxidant activity were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, colorimetric, vanillin, anthron and DPPH (2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) assays, respectively. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system is used for quantitative determination of phytochemical constituents. The multivariate data analysis (principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis) and heat map data visualisation techniques were performed to classify barberry genotypes using Minitab and GraphPad Prism software, respectively.ResultsThe highest amounts of total phenolics and flavonoids were obtained in fruit extracts of G3 (Berberis vulgaris). The highest total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were observed in G8 (B. vulgaris) and G16 (B. vulgaris), respectively. HPLC analysis of phytochemicals (gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid,p‐coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, rutin, apigenin, and quercetin) revealed that gallic acid andp‐coumaric acid were found as the most abundant phytochemical compounds. Based on multivariate analysis and heat map visualisation techniques,Berberisgenotypes were classified into three main clusters.ConclusionsThese results showed that barberry species (especiallyB. vulgarisandB. carataegina) are promising sources of natural antioxidants and biochemical compounds beneficial to be used in the food industry and that the multivariate analysis was a suitable approach to classify the barberry samples.
Utility of Functional Metrics Assessed During Acute Care on Hospital Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: So Conan , Lage Daniel E. , Slocum Chloe S. , Zafonte Ross D. , Schneider Jeffrey C. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTraditionally, illness severity, social factors, and comorbid conditions have been examined as predictors of hospital outcomes. However, recent research in the rehabilitation setting demonstrated that physical function outperformed comorbidity indices as a predictor of 30‐day readmission. The purpose of this study was to review the literature examining the association between acute hospital physical function and various hospital outcomes and health care utilization.TypeSystematic review.Literature SurveyA review of the MEDLINE database was performed. Search terms included acute functional outcomes and frailty outcomes. Studies up to September 2017 were included if they were in English and examined how functional metrics collected at acute care hospitalization affected hospital outcomes.MethodologyCohort characteristics and measures of associations were extracted from the studies. Outcomes include hospital readmission, length of stay, mortality, discharge location, and physical function post acute care. The studies were assessed for potential confounders as well as selection, attrition, and detection bias.SynthesisA total of 30 studies were identified (hospital readmissions: 6; discharge location: 11; length of stay: 4; mortality: 15; function: 6). Thirteen different metrics assessed function during acute care. Lower function during acute care was associated with statistically significant higher odds of hospital readmission, lower likelihood of discharge to home, longer hospital length of stay, increased mortality, and worse functional recovery when compared to patients with higher function during acute care, when adjusted for age and gender. The Barthel Index may be a useful marker for mortality in the elderly whereas the Functional Independence Measure instrument may be valuable for examining discharge location.ConclusionsThere is increasing evidence that function measured during acute care predicts a broad array of meaningful clinical outcomes. Further research would help direct the use of practical, yet parsimonious functional metrics that effectively screen high‐need, high‐cost patients to deliver optimal care.Level of EvidenceI
Applying behavioral theory to understand fertility consultation uptake after cancer
Authors: Gorman Jessica R. , Drizin Julia H. , Mersereau Jennifer E. , Su H. Irene 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the association between theoretical constructs from the Health Belief Model and fertility consultation status after cancer.MethodsReproductive‐aged female cancer survivors self‐reported their use of fertility consultation, perceived severity of and susceptibility to infertility, perceived barriers to and effectiveness of fertility consultation, and cues to action from family/peers and doctors, as well as demographics and cancer characteristics. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between theoretical constructs and fertility consultation status.ResultsFertility consultation uptake was more prevalent among survivors with higher incomes, those without children, those who wanted a (another) child, and those who were diagnosed more recently. In the final multivariate model, higher perceived severity of infertility, fewer perceived barriers to fertility consultation, and more cues to action from family/peers and doctors were significantly associated with fertility consultation uptake, controlling for income. Exploratory bivariate analyses of barriers to fertility consultation revealed that cost and trouble accessing services were significantly associated with not having a fertility consultation.ConclusionsThe Health Belief Model is useful for understanding factors associated with fertility consultation uptake. Efforts should be made to reduce financial barriers and improve patient‐centered assessment of family‐building goals.
Enhanced Physiological Stability and Long‐Term Toxicity/Biodegradation In Vitro/In Vivo of Monodispersed Glycerolphosphate‐Functionalized Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles
Authors: Xue Yumeng , Zhang Zengjie , Niu Wen , Chen Mi , Wang Min , Guo Yi , Mao Cong , Lin Cai , Lei Bo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMonodispersed bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNs) have received much attention in various biomedical applications such as tissue regeneration, drug/gene delivery, bioimaging, and cancer therapy. However, the poor dispersion stability of BGNs in a physiological environment has limited their wide biomedical applications. The long‐term in vitro/in vivo toxicity and biodegradation of BGNs are also not clear. Monodispersed glycerolphosphate‐functionalized BGNs (GP‐BGN) are synthesized and their stability under physiological environment in vitro, and long‐term biodegradation behavior in vitro and in vivo are investigated herein. GP‐BGN shows significantly enhanced particles stability in physiological environment, good hemocompatibility and cellular biocompatibility, as well as high cellular uptake ability. GP‐BGN also exhibits long‐term biodegradation behavior in vitro/in vivo and negligible biotoxicity (tissue and blood toxicity). This study demonstrates that monodispersed surface‐functionalized BGNs could be used as biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials for long‐term safe bioimaging and disease therapy.
The Synthesis of Chiral Ag4Pd2(SR)8 by Nonreplaced Galvanic Reaction
Authors: Liu Xu , Yuan Jinyun , Chen Jishi , Yang Jinlong , Wu Zhikun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGalvanic reaction is a classic reaction and widely applied in nanoscience and nanotechnology. However, it is rarely employed in the synthesis of doped metal nanoclusters with size less than ≈2 nm and remains to be exploited in nanocluster (NC) community. Herein, it is reported the synthesis of chiral Ag4Pd2(SR)8 starting from Ag25(SR)18 NC via a galvanic reaction and the characterization of the as‐obtained NC by multiple techniques such as single crystal X‐ray crystallography and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Selection and characterization of the inheritance of resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to chlorantraniliprole and cross‐resistance to other diamide insecticides
Authors: Bolzan Anderson , Padovez Fernando EO , Nascimento Antonio RB , Kaiser Ingrid S , Lira Ewerton C , Amaral Fernando SA , Kanno Rubens H , Malaquias José B , Omoto Celso 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding the genetic basis of insect resistance to insecticides can help to implement insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategies. In this study, we selected a strain of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistant to chlorantraniliprole using the F2 screen method, characterized the inheritance of resistance and evaluated patterns of cross‐resistance to other diamide insecticides.RESULTSThe chlorantraniliprole‐resistant strain (Chlorant‐R) was selected from a field‐collected population with an estimated allele frequency of 0.1316. The estimated median lethal concentration (LC50) values were 0.011 and 2.610 µg a.i. cm–2 for the susceptible (Sus) and Chlorant‐R strains, respectively, resulting in a resistance ratio (RR) of 237‐fold. The LC50 values of the reciprocal crosses were 0.155 and 0.164 µg a.i. cm–2, indicating that resistance is autosomally inherited. Resistance was characterized as incompletely recessive and monogenic at concentrations close to the recommended field rates of chlorantraniliprole. Survival of the resistant strain and heterozygous larvae in maize plants treated at the field rate was ∼ 60 (similar to the susceptible strain on untreated maize) and 15%, respectively. The Chlorant‐R strain showed low cross‐resistance to cyantraniliprole (RR ∼ 27‐fold) and very high cross‐resistance to flubendiamide (RR > 42 000‐fold).CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of chlorantraniliprole resistance allele was moderately high in a field‐collected population of S. frugiperda. The inheritance of chlorantraniliprole resistance was characterized as autosomal, incompletely recessive and monogenic. S. frugiperda showed cross‐resistance to other diamide insecticides. These results provide essential information for the implementation of IRM programs to preserve the useful life of diamide insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda in Brazil. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry