bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous MoO3@SiC hallow nanosphere composite as an efficient oxidative desulfurization catalyst
Authors: Seifikar Gomi Leila , Afsharpour Maryam 
Published: February 2019

A novel N‐doped MoO3@SiC hollow nanosphere has been synthesized through two steps. Due to the first step, N‐doped MoO2@C nanosphere was synthesized using the hydrothermal method and in the second step, Si‐C bonds were formed through the low‐temperature magnesiothermic method and MoO3@SiC hollow nanosphere was produced. The prepared nanostructures were identified by various techniques such as IR, XRD, XPS, BET/BJH, SEM/EDS, and Raman spectroscopy. Results show that converting of C to SiC increase the surface area from 17 to 241 m2/g with remarkably decrease in pore diameter. Also, molybdenum is present in the form of MoO2 in carbon catalyst while during magnesiothermic process, it transfers to MoO3 form in the SiC catalyst. The synthesized products were employed as catalysts in oxidative desulfurization of model fuel. The results displayed that MoO3@SiC hollow nanostructure shows a superior catalytic activity (99.9%, 40 min) compared to C support (56%, 60 min). Furthermore, the recycling of MoO2@C catalyst shows a dramatic decrease even after the first run, while, SiC support exhibit higher stability during the stronger interaction between molybdenum catalyst and SiC support.
Engineering silver‐zwitterionic composite nanofiber membrane for bacterial fouling resistance
Authors: Anand Ganesh V. , Kundukad Binu , Cheng Dan , Radhakrishnan Sridhar , Ramakrishna Seeram , Van Vliet Krystyn J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBacterial attachment and fouling compromise material performance in applications ranging from marine equipment and biomedical devices to water treatment systems. For membrane‐based water treatment systems, bacterial attachment and biofilm formation decrease water purification efficiency and reduces mechanical durability of the membranes. In this work, we present a concurrent electrospinning and copolymerization approach to engineer composite nanofiber membranes comprising of silver nanoparticle containing poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP‐Ag) nanofibers and [copolymerized zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate‐methacryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane]‐poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibers. We characterized the surface morphology, topography, material chemistry, and wettability of the nanofiber membranes with scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. We then challenged these nonwoven membranes with two model microbes, Gram‐negativePseudomonas aeruginosaand Gram‐positiveStaphylococcus aureus, and found that the silver‐zwitterionic composite nanofiber membrane exhibited superior bacterial fouling resistance by reducing >90% of bacterial attachment when compared to neat PVDF‐HFP and PVDF‐HFP‐Ag nanofiber membranes. This study demonstrates that concurrent electrospinning enables free‐standing nanofiber membranes with sustained bacterial fouling resistance, with potential in applications in filtration and water treatment technologies for which antifouling strategies are imperative. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47580.
Effect of care continuity on mortality of patients readmitted after colorectal surgery
Authors: Justiniano C F , Xu Z , Becerra A Z , Aquina C T , Boodry C I , Temple L K , Fleming F J 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Postoperative readmission after colorectal resection is common. It is unknown whether patients who receive readmission care from the surgeon who performed the index surgery have improved mortality. This study evaluated whether postdischarge continuity of care, defined at the hospital and surgeon level, was associated with decreased mortality after colorectal surgery.

Methods
The Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System was queried for patients who had colorectal resections from 2004 to 2014, and were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Propensity-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between 30-day mortality and readmission care continuity.

Results
A total of 20 016 patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge were eligible for analysis. Some 39·5 per cent of readmitted patients experienced hospital and surgeon care continuity, 47·1 per cent hospital but not surgeon continuity, 1·0 per cent surgeon but not hospital continuity, and 12·4 per cent neither hospital nor surgeon care continuity. A total of 1349 patients (6·7 per cent) died within 30 days of readmission. Patients readmitted with absence of surgeon but not of hospital care continuity had 2·04 (95 per cent c.i. 1·72 to 2·42) times the risk of 30-day mortality compared with those who experienced surgeon and hospital continuity. Absence of both surgeon and hospital care continuity was associated with 2·65 (2·18 to 3·30) times the risk of death compared with presence of both.

Conclusion
Readmission after colorectal resection not under the care of the index operating surgeon is associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality. Addressing processes of care that are affected by surgeon care continuity may decrease surgical deaths.
Variation in pancreatoduodenectomy as delivered in two national audits
Authors: Mackay T M , Wellner U F , van Rijssen L B , Stoop T F , Busch O R , Groot Koerkamp B , Bausch D , Petrova E , Besselink M G , Keck T , van Santvoort H C , Molenaar I Q , Kok N , Festen S , van Eijck C H J , Bonsing B A , Erdmann J , de Hingh I , Buhr H J , Klinger C 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundNationwide audits facilitate quality and outcome assessment of pancreatoduodenectomy. Differences may exist between countries but studies comparing nationwide outcomes of pancreatoduodenectomy based on audits are lacking. This study aimed to compare the German and Dutch audits for external data validation.MethodsAnonymized data from patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy between 2014 and 2016 were extracted from the German Society for General and Visceral Surgery StuDoQ|Pancreas and Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Audit, and compared using descriptive statistics. Univariable and multivariable risk analyses were undertaken.ResultsOverall, 4495 patients were included, 2489 in Germany and 2006 in the Netherlands. Adenocarcinoma was a more frequent indication for pancreatoduodenectomy in the Netherlands. German patients had worse ASA fitness grades, but Dutch patients had more pulmonary co-morbidity. Dutch patients underwent more minimally invasive surgery and venous resections, but fewer multivisceral resections. No difference was found in rates of grade B/C postoperative pancreatic fistula, grade C postpancreatectomy haemorrhage and in-hospital mortality. There was more centralization in the Netherlands (1·3 versus 13·3 per cent of pancreatoduodenectomies in very low-volume centres; P &lt; 0·001). In multivariable analysis, both hospital stay (difference 2·49 (95 per cent c.i. 1·18 to 3·80) days) and risk of reoperation (odds ratio (OR) 1·55, 95 per cent c.i. 1·22 to 1·97) were higher in the German audit, whereas risk of postoperative pneumonia (OR 0·57, 0·37 to 0·88) and readmission (OR 0·38, 0·30 to 0·49) were lower. Several baseline and surgical characteristics, including hospital volume, but not country, predicted mortality.ConclusionThis comparison of the German and Dutch audits showed variation in case mix, surgical technique and centralization for pancreatoduodenectomy, but no difference in mortality and pancreas-specific complications.
How confession characteristics impact juror perceptions of evidence in criminal trials
Authors: Shifton Jeremy J. 
Published: February 2019

A confession is one of the most impactful pieces of evidence that can be presented in a criminal trial, yet very little is known about how perceptions of evidence change based on characteristics of the confession. While researchers know that “circumstances of the setting”, such as length of interrogation, number of interrogators, and lack of sleep, increase the likelihood of false confessions, less is known about whether juror perceptions of the confession are impacted by these factors. The current research builds on the existing literature by evaluating the impact of these situational confession factors to determine whether jurors give weight to characteristics that are known to increase the likelihood of a false confession.Two experimental surveys were conducted, one using a sample of undergraduate students and one using a sample of jury‐eligible adults, in order to determine how respondents perceived a confession's strength. Results showed that confessions arising from lengthy interrogations were perceived to be weaker than those arising from short interrogations. However, multiple interrogators and a lack of sleep had little impact on evidence perceptions; these factors indicate a questionable confession to experts, but not to jurors. The implications for criminal justice theory, criminal trials, and future research are discussed.
Use of papaya leaf extract in neonatal thrombocytopenia
Authors: Pandita Aakash , Mishra Namita , Gupta Girish , Singh Rachna 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageThrombocytopenia is a common condition in neonates. Neonatal thrombocytopenia can cause serious complications such as intraventricular hemorrhage. Papaya leaf extract may be a safe and effective therapy in persistent refractory neonatal thrombocytopenia. Papaya leaf extract was effective for improving platelet count in our baby with persistent thrombocytopenia. However, with no previous evidence of its use in neonates, its use is still experimental and should only be considered in refractory cases after team meeting and detailed discussion with family.
Construction of Highly Emissive Pt(II) Metallacycles upon Irradiation
Authors: Qin Yi , Zhang Ying , Yin Guangqiang , Wang Yuxuan , Zhang Changwei , Chen Lijun , Tan Hongwei , Li Xiaopeng , Xu Lin , Yang Haibo 
Published: February 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionPhotoswitchable or photoactivatable fluorescent species have been found wide applications within supramolecular chemistry and materials science. In this study, we successfully constructed two highly emissive Pt(II) metallacycles from the diarylethene ligands via coordination‐driven self‐assembly. Different from the most known fluorescent metallacycles, the obtained metallacycles have displayed “turn‐on” fluorescence switching. They are non‐fluorescent in solution, but they emit highly yellow or orange fluorescence under ultraviolet irradiation. The metallacycles were well characterized by 1H NMR, 31P NMR and ESI‐TOF‐MS. The photochromic properties of the resultant metallacycles were investigated by 1H NMR, 31P NMR, UV/Vis spectrum and fluorescence spectrum. Notably, NMR studies revealed that these two metallacycles featured excellent cyclization efficiency (90% conversion efficiency). Moreover, the closed‐ring isomers of the metallacycles displayed relatively high quantum yield (ΦF = 0.5). DFT simulations demonstrated that the antiparallel configuration of the diarylethene ligand had an angle closed to 120°, which was more stable in energy compared to the parallel configuration, thus allowing for the facile construction of highly emissive metallacycles. We believe that such highly emissive metallacycles which are in‐situ prepared upon irradiation can be used as new fluorescence materials for sensing and bioimaging in the future.
Hydrophilic Carbon Nanomaterials: Characterisation by Physical, Chemical, and Biological Assays
Authors: Veloso Andreia D. , Ferraria Ana M. , Botelho do Rego Ana M. , Tavares Pedro B. , Valentão Patrícia , Pereira David D. , Andrade Paula B. , Fernandes António J. , Oliveira Maria C. , Videira Romeu A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA highly hydrophilic carbon nanomaterial was generated by using an electrochemical approach, and its structure, chemical composition, redox properties, antioxidant activity and effects on cells were characterised. It was found that the nanomaterial possesses a structure dominated by sp2 carbon atoms in a non‐ordered carbon network formed by small clusters (<2 nm) of a carbonaceous material. This material has an outstanding capability for donating electrons and an unusual ability to bind metal cations. Antioxidant activity assays showed that it displays a high scavenging activity against both 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radicals, and a concentration‐dependent ability to protect mitochondrial lipids and intracellular thiol groups from oxidation promoted by external oxidising agents. Cell‐based assays also revealed that the nanomaterial has the ability to protect neuronal cells against oxidative damage and toxicity promoted by tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and amyloid‐β1–42 peptide. These results, combined with the attractive methodology for generating this hydrophilic carbon‐based nanomaterial, make this study the first step in addressing the therapeutic application of this new material.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3‐Arylindazoles as Selective MEK4 Inhibitors
Authors: Deibler Kristine K. , Schiltz Gary E. , Clutter Matthew R. , Mishra Rama K. , Vagadia Purav P. , O'Connor Matthew , George Mariam Donny , Gordon Ryan , Fowler Graham , Bergan Raymond , Scheidt Karl A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHerein we report the discovery of a novel series of highly potent and selective mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MEK4) inhibitors. MEK4 is an upstream kinase in MAPK signaling pathways that phosphorylates p38 MAPK and JNK in response to mitogenic and cellular stress queues. MEK4 is overexpressed and induces metastasis in advanced prostate cancer lesions. However, the value of MEK4 as an oncology target has not been pharmacologically validated because selective chemical probes targeting MEK4 have not been developed. Optimization of this series via structure–activity relationships and molecular modeling led to the identification of compound 6 ff (4‐(6‐fluoro‐2H‐indazol‐3‐yl)benzoic acid), a highly potent and selective MEK4 inhibitor. This series of inhibitors is the first of its kind in both activity and selectivity and will be useful in further defining the role of MEK4 in prostate and other cancers.
Phase 1 study of lenalidomide plus dose‐adjusted EPOCH‐R in patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphomas with deregulated MYC and BCL2
Authors: Godfrey James K. , Nabhan Chadi , Karrison Theodore , Kline Justin P. , Cohen Kenneth S. , Bishop Michael R. , Stadler Walter M. , Karmali Reem , Venugopal Parameswaran , Rapoport Aaron P. , Smith Sonali M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundDual translocation of MYC and BCL2 or the dual overexpression of these proteins in patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphomas (termed double‐hit lymphoma [DHL] and double‐expressor lymphoma [DEL], respectively) have poor outcomes after chemoimmunotherapy with the combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R‐CHOP). Retrospective reports have suggested improved outcomes with dose‐intensified regimens. In the current study, the authors conducted a phase 1 study to evaluate the feasibility, toxicity, and preliminary efficacy of adding lenalidomide to dose‐adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin with rituximab (DA‐EPOCH‐R) in patients with DHL and DEL.MethodsThe primary objective of the current study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of lenalidomide in combination with DA‐EPOCH‐R. A standard 3+3 design was used with lenalidomide administered on days 1 to 14 of each 21‐day cycle (dose levels of 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg). Patients attaining a complete response after 6 cycles of induction therapy proceeded to maintenance lenalidomide (10 mg daily for 14 days every 21 days) for 12 additional cycles.ResultsA total of 15 patients were enrolled, 10 of whom had DEL and 5 of whom had DHL. Two patients experienced dose‐limiting toxicities at a lenalidomide dose of 20 mg, consisting of grade 4 sepsis. The maximum tolerated dose of lenalidomide was determined to be 15 mg. The most common nonhematologic grade ≥3 adverse events included thromboembolism (4 patients; 27%) and hypokalemia (2 patients; 13%) (toxicities were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.0]). The preliminary efficacy of the regimen was encouraging, especially in the DEL cohort, in which all 10 patients achieved durable and complete metabolic responses with a median follow‐up of 24 months.ConclusionsThe combination of lenalidomide with DA‐EPOCH‐R appears to be safe and feasible in patients with DHL and DEL. These encouraging results have prompted an ongoing phase 2 multicenter study.
Pd2+‐Initiated Formic Acid Decomposition: Plausible Pathways for C‐H Activation of Formate
Authors: Lee Won Jong , Hwang Yeon Jin , Kim Joohoon , Jeong Hyangsoo , Yoon Chang Won 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFormic acid (HCOOH, FA) has long been considered as a promising hydrogen‐storage material due to its efficient hydrogen release under mild conditions. In this work, FA decomposes to generate CO2 and H2 selectively in the presence of aqueous Pd2+ complex solutions at 333 K. Pd(NO3)2 was the most effective in generating H2 among various Pd2+ complexes explored. Pd2+ complexes were in situ reduced to Pd0 species by the mixture of FA and sodium formate (SF) during the course of the reaction. Since C−H activation reaction of Pd2+‐bound formate is occurred for both Pd2+ reduction and H2/CO2 gas generation, FA decomposition pathways using several Pd2+ species were explored using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Rotation of formate bound to Pd2+, β‐hydride elimination, and subsequent CO2 and H2 elimination by formic acid were examined, providing different energies for rate determining step depending on the ligand electronics and geometries coordinated to the Pd2+ complexes. Finally, Pd2+ reduction toward Pd0 pathways were explored computationally either by generated H2 or reductive elimination of CO2 and H2 gas.
Trypanosoma congolense: In Vitro Culture and Transfection
Authors: Kay Chris , Peacock Lori , Gibson Wendy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTrypanosoma congolense, together with T. vivax and T. brucei, causes African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT), or nagana, a livestock disease carried by bloodsucking tsetse flies in sub‐Saharan Africa. These parasitic protists cycle between two hosts: mammal and tsetse fly. The environment offered by each host to the trypanosome is markedly different, and hence the metabolism of stages found in the mammal differs from that of insect stages. For research on new diagnostics and therapeutics, it is appropriate to use the mammalian life cycle stage, bloodstream forms. Insect stages such as procyclics are useful for studying differentiation and also serve as a convenient source of easily cultured, non‐infective organisms. Here, we present protocols in current use in our laboratory for the in vitro culture of different life cycle stages of T. congolense—procyclics, epimastigotes, and bloodstream forms—together with methods for transfection enabling the organism to be genetically modified. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A scalable correlation‐based approach for outlier detection in wireless body sensor networks
Authors: Saneja Bharti , Rani Rinkle 
Published: February 2019

SummaryOutlier detection is one of the prominent research domain in the field of data mining and big data analytics. Nowadays, most of the data in healthcare centers are remotely monitored and are generated from different wireless sensors. The core objective of outlier detection in this domain is the recognition of the true physiologically anomalous data and the anomalies because of faulty sensors. In real healthcare monitoring scenario, various sensors are related to each other. So, while detecting outliers in wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs), correlation among different sensor nodes is of major concern. Most of the existing outlier detection techniques consider the sensors to be linearly correlated, which may not always be the case in real life applications. The traditional techniques for outlier detection are also not scalable to big data. To address the above issues, in this paper, we propose an approach for outlier detection that is scalable to big data and also handles the nonlinearly correlated attributes efficiently. The proposed approach is implemented on Hadoop map reduce framework for the rapid processing of big data. The evaluation results are validated using the simulated dataset of WBSNs taken from the Physionet library. The results are compared with various existing outlier detection approaches and demonstrated that the proposed approach is more effective in spotting the physiological outliers and sensor anomalies accurately.
Metabarcoding for stomach‐content analyses of Pygmy devil ray (Mobula kuhlii cf. eregoodootenkee): Comparing tissue and ethanol preservative‐derived DNA
Authors: Barbato Matteo , Kovacs Toby , Coleman Melinda A. , Broadhurst Matt K. , de Bruyn Mark 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe application of high‐throughput sequencing to retrieve multi‐taxon DNA from different substrates such as water, soil, and stomach contents has enabled species identification without prior knowledge of taxon compositions. Here we used three minibarcodes designed to target mitochondrial COI in plankton, 16S in fish, and 16S in crustaceans, to compare ethanol‐ and tissue‐derived DNA extraction methodologies for metabarcoding. The stomach contents of pygmy devilrays (Mobula kuhlii cf. eregoodootenkee) were used to test whether ethanol‐derived DNA would provide a suitable substrate for metabarcoding. The DNA barcoding assays indicated that tissue‐derived operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were greater compared to those from extractions performed directly on the ethanol preservative. Tissue‐derived DNA extraction is therefore recommended for broader taxonomic coverage. Metabarcoding applications should consider including the following: (i) multiple barcodes, both taxon specific (e.g., 12S or 16S) and more universal (e.g., COI or 18S) to overcome bias and taxon misidentification and (ii) PCR inhibitor removal steps that will likely enhance amplification yields. However, where tissue is limited or no longer available, but the ethanol‐preservative medium is still available, metabarcoding directly from ethanol does recover the majority of common OTUs, suggesting the ethanol‐retrieval method could be applicable for dietary studies. Metabarcoding directly from preservative ethanol may also be useful where tissue samples are limited or highly valued; bulk samples are collected, such as for rapid species inventories; or mixed‐voucher sampling is conducted (e.g., for plankton, insects, and crustaceans).
Study on muscle activity during pseudo‐haptics occurrence by electromyogram measurement
Authors: Aoki Hirooki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBased on electromyogram measurement, the influence of task contents on muscle activity during pseudo‐haptics occurrence is basically examined. As a result of experiments with two kinds of tasks, it is considered that motivation and immersion to tasks improved by setting goals, which is effective for pseudo‐haptics occurrence. It was suggested that the contents of the task and the setting goals influence the continuous occurrence of the pseudo‐haptics.