bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STS, ESTS and JACS survey on surveillance practices after surgical resection of lung cancer
Authors: Pompili Cecilia , Edwards Melanie , Bhandari Prasha , Novoa Nuria , Hasegawa Seiki , Yoshino Ichiro , Chida Masayuki , Brunelli Alessandro , Naunheim Keith , Backhus Leah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
A 1995 survey of Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) members revealed wide variation in postresection lung cancer surveillance practices and pessimism regarding any survival benefit. We sought to compare contemporary practice patterns and attitudes among members of STS, European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) and the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery (JACS).

METHODS
A survey identical to the one conducted in 1995 was administered via mail or electronically. χ2 tests for associations were used to compare profiles of respondents and attitudes towards testing between groups. All the statistical tests were two-sided and P-values of 0.05 or less were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS
A total of 2978 STS members (response rate 7.8%, n = 234), 1450 ESTS members (response rate 8.4%, n = 122) and 272 JACS (response rate 40.8%, n = 111) members were surveyed. Rate of guideline-recommended surveillance computed tomography was reported highest among ESTS respondents for stage I patients (22% ESTS, 3% STS and 6% JACS members, P < 0.001). However, both JACS and ESTS respondents reported higher rates of use of non-guidelines-recommended tests compared to STS respondents, which persisted on adjusted analyses. Regarding attitudes towards surveillance, more JACS and ESTS members either ‘agree’ or ‘strongly agree’ that routine testing for non-small-cell lung cancer recurrence results in potentially curative treatment (ESTS: 86%, STS: 70%, JACS: 90%, P < 0.001). Similarly, JACS and ESTS respondents believe that the current literature documents definitive survival benefits from routine follow-up testing (ESTS: 57%, STS: 30%, JACS: 62%, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The Japanese attitude towards surveillance is similar to that of ESTS members potentially highlighting significant differences between European and Asian surgeons compared to STS members. These differences clearly highlight the need for better prospective studies and joint recommendations to globally standardize practice.
Provider-perceived barriers to diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndrome in Tanzania: a qualitative study
Authors: Hertz Julian T , Kweka Godfrey L , Manavalan Preeti , Watt Melissa H , Sakita Francis M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is growing across sub-Saharan Africa and many healthcare systems are ill-equipped for this growing burden. Evidence suggests that healthcare providers may be underdiagnosing and undertreating ACS, leading to poor health outcomes. The goal of this study was to examine provider perspectives on barriers to ACS care in Tanzania in order to identify opportunities for interventions to improve care.MethodsSemistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with physicians and clinical officers from emergency departments and outpatient departments in northern Tanzania. Thematic analysis was conducted using an iterative cycle of coding and consensus building.ResultsThe 11 participants included six physicians and five clinical officers from health centers, community hospitals and one referral hospital. Providers identified barriers related to providers, systems and patients. Provider-related barriers included inadequate training regarding ACS and poor application of textbook-based knowledge. System-related barriers included lack of diagnostic equipment, unavailability of treatments, referral system delays, lack of data regarding disease burden, absence of locally relevant guidelines and cost of care. Patient-related barriers included inadequate ACS knowledge, inappropriate healthcare-seeking behavior and non-adherence.ConclusionsThis study identified actionable barriers to ACS care in northern Tanzania. Multifaceted interventions are urgently needed to improve care.
Buddhist Law Against the State? Representing Religion, Law, and Conflict
Authors: Schonthal Benjamin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPublic disputes over the legal regulation of religion are often portrayed as naturally occurring conflicts between competing normative systems: religious law and state law. What, then, explains why some normative frictions become the focus of major controversies, whereas others do not? This article tries to answer this question, while examining a genre of religious law that has not received much attention by scholars of law and religion, Buddhist law in Sri Lanka. Drawing on monastic disciplinary texts, legal archives, and representations of law taken from online and popular media, this article analyzes how and why a minor, routine friction between Buddhist ecclesiastical rules and Sri Lankan statutory regulations—a dispute over whether a monk may wear his robes in prison—came to be portrayed as a grand contest between two incompatible regimes: “Buddhist law” and “state law.”
Rates of HIV-1 virological suppression and patterns of acquired drug resistance among fisherfolk on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda
Authors: Omooja Jonah , Nannyonjo Maria , Sanyu Grace , Nabirye Stella E , Nassolo Faridah , Lunkuse Sandra , Kapaata Anne , Segujja Farouk , Kateete David Patrick , Ssebaggala Eric , Bbosa Nicholas , Aling Emmanuel , Nsubuga Rebecca N , Kaleebu Pontiano , Ssemwanga Deogratius 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe examined virological outcomes, patterns of acquired HIV drug resistance (ADR), correlates of virological failure (VF) and acquired drug resistance among fisherfolk on first-line ART.MethodsWe enrolled 1169 adults on ART for a median duration of 6, 12, 24, 36 and ≥48 months and used a pooled VL testing approach to identify VF (VL ≥1000 copies/mL). We performed genotyping among VF cases and determined correlates of VF and ADR by logistic regression.ResultsThe overall virological suppression rate was 91.7% and ADR was detected in 71/97 (73.2%) VF cases. The most prevalent mutations were M184V/I (53.6%) for NRTIs and K103N (39.2%) for NNRTIs. Thymidine analogue mutations were detected in 21.6% of VF cases while PI mutations were absent. A zidovudine-based ART regimen, duration on ART (≥24 months) and secondary/higher education level were significantly associated with VF. A nevirapine-based regimen [adjusted OR (aOR): 1.87; 95% CI: 0.03–0.54)] and VL ≥10000 copies/mL (aOR: 3.48; 95% CI: 1.37–8.85) were ADR correlates. The pooling strategies for VL testing with a negative predictive value (NPV) of ≥95.2% saved US $20320 (43.5%) in VL testing costs.ConclusionsWe observed high virological suppression rates among these highly mobile fisherfolk; however, there was widespread ADR among those with VF at the first VL testing prior to intensive adherence counselling. Timely treatment switching and adherence support is recommended for better treatment outcomes. Adoption of pooled VL testing could be cost effective, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Advances in Semiochemical Repellents to Mitigate Host Mortality From the Spruce Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Hansen E Matthew , Munson A Steven , Wakarchuk David , Blackford Darren C , Graves Andrew D , Stephens S Sky , Moan Jason E 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe tested 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (MCH) and novel semiochemicals as potential spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) repellents over multiple years in Utah and Colorado trapping bioassays. MCH is a known spruce beetle repellent and our testing revealed Acer kairomone blend (AKB) and isophorone plus sulcatone as repellents. We subsequently tested these semiochemicals for area and single tree protection to prevent spruce beetle attacks at locations in Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico, and Alaska. Individual tree protection trials found MCH–AKB provided significant protection against spruce beetle attacks in the southern Rocky Mountains but not in Alaska. Adding sulcatone or doubling MCH–AKB pouches did not further enhance protection. A degree of protection was extended to spruce at least 10 m distant from the repellents, including in Alaska. Tree diameter was not a significant covariate among treated trees but was positively correlated with the probability of infestation for surrounding spruce. In area protection trials, spruce in control plots were 2.4 times more likely to be in a higher severity attack class compared with spruce in plots treated with MCH–AKB pouches deployed at 30 sets per hectare. Tree diameter had a significant, positive relationship to the probability of infestation. We found MCH–AKB to offer a high degree of protection against beetle attack in Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) (Pinales: Pinaceae) (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) (Pinales: Pinaceae), especially for single tree protection (66% of control trees were strip- or mass-attacked compared with 6% of repellent-treated trees). AKB requires registration and labeling, however, before this economical and environmentally benign semiochemical can be used operationally.
Rhythms in Foraging Behavior and Expression Patterns of the Foraging Gene in Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in relation to Photoperiod
Authors: Lei Yanyuan , Zhou Yangyang , Lü Lihua , He Yurong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The foraging gene (for) is associated with foraging and other associated behaviors in social insect species. Photoperiod is known to entrain the rhythmic biological functions of ants; however, how photoperiod might influence the intensity and duration of foraging, and the expression of for, remains unexplored. This study determined the correlation between rhythm in foraging behavior and expression of the foraging gene (Sifor) mRNA in red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Foragers were exposed to three photoperiod conditions (12:12 [L:D], 24:0 [L:D], and 0:24 [L:D]) in the laboratory and foraging activities were recorded using a video-computer recording system. Sifor expression in the foragers was tested using real-time reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. Results revealed that foraging activity rhythm and Sifor expression profile were unimodal under all three photoperiod conditions. Levels of foraging activity were associated with photoperiodic modification, a stable phase difference between the onset of activity and the onset of gene expression was discovered. Light-dark transients stimulated foraging activity in 12:12 (L:D). There were significant daily oscillations (amplitude of 0.21 ± 0.08 for 12:12 [L:D], 0.12 ± 0.02 for 24:0 [L:D], and 0.09 ± 0.01 for 0:24 [L:D]) in the expression of Sifor. A positive relationship (r = 0.5903, P &lt; 0.01) was found between the expression level of Sifor and foraging activity, which indicated that Sifor is linked to some extent to foraging behavior. Our results demonstrated that foragers could adjust the rhythms in foraging behavior according to light–dark cycle and suggested that Sifor may play an important role in the response of S. invicta to photoperiod.
Can Government Public Communications Elicit Undue Trust? Exploring the Interaction between Symbols and Substantive Information in Communications
Authors: Alon-Barkat Saar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEffective public communications have been proposed as a remedy for citizens’ distrust in government. Recent studies pointed to the emotional effect of symbolic elements, entangled in government public communications (e.g., logos, images, and celebrities). Still, they did not examine the interaction between these symbols and the substantive information in communications about bureaucracies’ performance and policies. Exploring this interaction is important for understanding the theoretical mechanisms underlying the effect of symbolic communication on citizens’ trust. Also, it is essential to assess symbols’ potency to unduly compensate for unfavorable or logically unpersuasive information, and enable public organizations to escape justified public criticism. Building on the social psychology Elaboration Likelihood Model, I theorize that symbols may increase citizens’ trust by conducing citizens to pay less attention to logically unpersuasive information, and thus offsetting its negative effect. I test this indirect mechanism via a large survey experiment, focusing on the Israeli Environment Protection Ministry. The experimental results support the research hypotheses and suggest that the effect of symbolic elements is stronger when communications include logically unpersuasive information. I discuss the implications of these findings for democratic responsiveness and accountability.
Updated results on the galaxy–halo connection from satellite kinematics in SDSS
Authors: Lange Johannes U , van den Bosch Frank C , Zentner Andrew R , Wang Kuan , Villarreal Antonia Sierra 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We present new results on the relationship between central galaxies and dark matter haloes inferred from observations of galaxy abundances and satellite kinematics in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7. We employ an updated analysis framework that includes detailed mock catalogues to model observational effects in SDSS. Our results constrain the colour-dependent conditional luminosity function of dark matter haloes, as well as the radial profile of satellite galaxies. Confirming previous results, we find that red central galaxies live in more massive haloes than blue galaxies at a fixed luminosity. Additionally, our results suggest that satellite galaxies have a radial profile less centrally concentrated than dark matter but not as cored as resolved subhaloes in dark-matter-only simulations. Compared to previous works using satellite kinematics by More et al., we find much more competitive constraints on the galaxy–halo connection, on par with those derived from a combination of galaxy clustering and galaxy–galaxy lensing. This improvement stems from also modelling the abundance of galaxies as well as a larger sample size and more realistic observational uncertainties. We compare our results on the galaxy–halo connection to other studies using galaxy clustering and group catalogues, showing a reasonable agreement between these different techniques. We discuss future applications of satellite kinematics in the context of constraining cosmology and the relationship between galaxies and dark matter haloes.
Radio emission from the unbound debris of tidal disruption events
Authors: Yalinewich A , Steinberg E , Piran T , Krolik J H 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
When a star gets too close to a supermassive black hole, it is torn apart by the tidal forces. Roughly half of the stellar mass becomes unbound and flies away at tremendous velocities – around 104 km s−1. In this work, we explore the idea that the shock produced by the interaction of the unbound debris with the ambient medium gives rise to the synchrotron radio emission observed in several tidal disruption event (TDE). We use a moving mesh numerical simulation to study the evolution of the unbound debris and the bow shock around it. We find that as the periapse distance of the star decreases, the outflow becomes faster and wider. A TDE whose periapse distance is a factor of 7 smaller than the tidal radius can account for the radio emission observed in ASASSN-14li. This model also allows us to obtain a more accurate estimate for the gas density around the centre of the host galaxy of ASASSN-14li.
A fractal analysis application of the pre-whitening technique to δ Scuti stars time series
Authors: de Franciscis S , Pascual-Granado J , Suárez J C , García Hernández A , Garrido R , Lares-Martiz M , Rodón J R 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Fractal fingerprints have been found recently in the light curves of several δ Scuti stars observed by Convection Rotation and planetary Transits(CoRoT) satellite. This sole fact might pose a problem for the detection of pulsation frequencies using classical pre-whitening techniques, but it is also a potentially rich source for information about physical mechanisms associated with stellar variability.
Assuming that a light curve is composed of a superposition of oscillation modes with a fractal background noise, in this work we applied the Coarse Graining Spectral Analysis (CGSA), a fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based algorithm, which can discriminate in a time series the stochastic fractal power spectra from the harmonic one.
We have found that the fractal background component is determining the frequency content extracted using classical pre-whitening techniques in the light curves of δ Scuti stars. This might be crucial to understand the amount of frequencies excited in these kinds of pulsating stars. Additionally, CGSA resulted to be relevant in order to extract the oscillation modes, this points to a new criterion to stop the pre-whitening cascade based on the percentage of fractal component in the residuals.
ALMA observations require slower Core Accretion runaway growth
Authors: Nayakshin S , Dipierro G , Szulágyi J 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Due to recent high-resolution ALMA observations, there is an accumulating evidence for presence of giant planets with masses from ${\sim } 0.01 \, {\rm {M}}_{\rm {J}}$ to a few $\, {\rm {M}}_{\rm {J}}$ with separations up to 100 au in the annular structures observed in young protoplanetary discs. We point out that these observations set unique ‘live’ constraints on the process of gas accretion on to sub-Jovian planets that were not previously available. Accordingly, we use a population synthesis approach in a new way: we build time-resolved models and compare the properties of the synthetic planets with the ALMA data at the same age. Applying the widely used gas accretion formulae leads to a deficit of sub-Jovian planets and an overabundance of a few Jupiter mass planets compared to observations. We find that gas accretion rate on to planets needs to be suppressed by about an order of magnitude to match the observed planet mass function. This slower gas giant growth predicts that the planet mass should correlate positively with the age of the protoplanetary disc, albeit with a large scatter. This effect is not clearly present in the ALMA data but may be confirmed in the near future with more observations.
Effect of mutations on binding of ligands to guanine riboswitch probed by free energy perturbation and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Wang Xingyu , Pang Laixue , Zhang John Z H , Zhu Tong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Riboswitches can regulate gene expression by direct and specific interactions with ligands and have recently attracted interest as potential drug targets for antibacterial. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, free energy perturbation (FEP) and molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) methods were integrated to probe the effect of mutations on the binding of ligands to guanine riboswitch (GR). The results not only show that binding free energies predicted by FEP and MM-GBSA obtain an excellent correlation, but also indicate that mutations involved in the current study can strengthen the binding affinity of ligands GR. Residue-based free energy decomposition was applied to compute ligand-nucleotide interactions and the results suggest that mutations highly affect interactions of ligands with key nucleotides U22, U51 and C74. Dynamics analyses based on MD trajectories indicate that mutations not only regulate the structural flexibility but also change the internal motion modes of GR, especially for the structures J12, J23 and J31, which implies that the aptamer domain activity of GR is extremely plastic and thus readily tunable by nucleotide mutations. This study is expected to provide useful molecular basis and dynamics information for the understanding of the function of GR and possibility as potential drug targets for antibacterial.
A DEAD-box protein regulates ribosome assembly through control of ribosomal protein synthesis
Authors: Iost Isabelle , Jain Chaitanya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDEAD-box proteins (DBPs) comprise a large family of proteins that most commonly have been identified as regulators of ribosome assembly. The Escherichia coli DBP, SrmB, represents a model bacterial DBP whose absence impairs formation of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU). To define the basis for SrmB function, suppressors of the ribosomal defect of ΔsrmB strains were isolated. The major class of suppressors was found to map to the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the rplM-rpsI operon, which encodes the ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) L13 and S9. An analysis of protein abundance indicated that both r-proteins are under-produced in the ΔsrmB strain, but are increased in these suppressors, implicating r-protein underproduction as the molecular basis for the observed ribosomal defects. Reduced r-protein synthesis was determined to be caused by intrinsic transcription termination within the rplM 5′ UTR that is abrogated by SrmB. These results reveal a specific mechanism for DBP regulation of ribosomal assembly, indirectly mediated through its effects on r-protein expression.
Consumer switching in European retail markets
Authors: Harold Jason , Cullinan John , Lyons Seán 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Consumer switching can play a significant role in enabling competitive retail markets. This paper examines the factors influencing consumer switching across 14 different retail markets in 27 European countries (EU27) using a micro-econometric analysis of consumer switching behaviour data from the European Commission’s Consumer Market Monitoring Survey. The results provide evidence that consumer attitudes to various market components are highly significant factors in explaining consumer switching behaviour in the EU27. In addition, this paper also examines cross-market effects on consumer switching behaviour. Focusing on the case of energy retail markets, the odds of switching in these markets are found to be considerably greater for a consumer who has switched in at least one other retail market. Finally, consumers’ accessibility to the internet is also shown to have a strong positive association with switching.
Recombinant production and purification of the human protein Tau
Authors: Ferrari Luca , Rüdiger Stefan G D 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTau protein is a microtubule-stabilising protein whose aggregation is linked to Alzheimer’s Disease and other forms of dementia. Tau biology is at the heart of cytoskeletal dynamics and neurodegenerative mechanisms, making it a crucial protein to study. Tau purification, however, is challenging as Tau is disordered, which makes it difficult to produce in recombinant system and is degradation-prone. It is thus challenging to obtain pure and stable preparations of Tau. Here, we present a fast and robust protocol to purify Tau recombinantly in Escherichia coli. Our protocol allows purifying Tau either tag-less or FLAG-tagged at its N-terminus, and Tau fragments of interest. By exploiting a cleavable affinity tag and two anion exchange columns, we obtained Tau preparations of high purity, stable and suitable for in vitro studies, including aggregation experiments that resemble neurodegenerative processes.