bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in clinicopathologic variables betweenBorreliaC6 antigen seroreactive andBorreliaC6 seronegative glomerulopathy in dogs
Authors: Borys Moria A. , Kass Philip H. , Mohr Frederick C. , Sykes Jane E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundRapidly progressive glomerulonephritis has been described in dogs that seroreact toBorrelia burgdorferi, but no studies have compared clinicopathologic differences in Lyme‐seroreactive dogs with protein‐losing nephropathy (PLN) versus dogs withBorrelia‐seronegative PLN.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDogs withBorreliaC6 antigen‐seroreactive PLN have distinct clinicopathologic findings when compared to dogs withBorreliaseronegative PLN.AnimalsForty dogs with PLN andBorreliaC6 antigen seroreactivity and 78 C6‐seronegative temporally matched dogs with PLN.MethodsRetrospective prevalence case‐control study. Clinical information was retrieved from records of dogs examined at the University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Histopathologic findings in renal tissue procured by biopsy or necropsy of dogs with PLN were reviewed.ResultsRetrievers and retriever mixes were overrepresented in seroreactive dogs (P < .001). Seroreactive dogs were more likely to have thrombocytopenia (P < .001), azotemia (P= .002), hyperphosphatemia (P < .001), anemia (P < .001), and neutrophilia (P= .003). Hematuria, glucosuria, and pyuria despite negative urine culture were more likely in seroreactive dogs (allP ≤ .002). Histopathologic findings were consistent with immune‐complex glomerulonephritis in 16 of 16 case dogs and 7 of 23 control dogs (P= 006). Prevalence of polyarthritis was not different between groups (P= .17).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceC6 seroreactivity in dogs with PLN is associated with a clinicopathologically distinct syndrome when compared with other types of PLN. Early recognition of this syndrome has the potential to improve outcomes through specific aggressive and early treatment.
Intrahepatic immune changes after hepatitis c virus eradication by direct‐acting antiviral therapy
Authors: Amaddeo Giuliana , Nguyen Cong Trung , Maillé Pascale , Mulé Sebastien , Luciani Alain , Machou Camilia , Rodrigues Aurélie , Regnault Hélène , Mallat Ariane , Laurent Alexis , Lafdil Fouad , Hézode Christophe , Pawlotsky Jean‐Michel , Calderaro Julien 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground & aimsThe recent approval of direct acting anti‐virals (DAA) has dramatically changed the landscape of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy. Whether viral clearance could promote liver carcinogenesis is debated. It has been hypothesized that changes in intrahepatic immune surveillance following viral cure could favour tumour growth.This study aimed at characterizing the intrahepatic immune changes induced by HCV cure following DAA therapy.MethodsPatients with compensated cirrhosis who underwent surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after sustained virological response (SVR) to DAA therapy were included. A control group of untreated HCV‐infected patients with compensated cirrhosis was selected. RNA was extracted from tumoral and non‐tumoral tissues and analysed using the Nanostring Immuno‐Oncology‐360 panel. Immune cells were quantified by immunohistochemistry.ResultsTwenty patients were included: 10 patients with a DAA‐induced SVR and 10 untreated controls. All of them had a de novo BCLC 0/A HCC. Non‐tumoral tissue profiling showed down‐regulation of interferon‐related genes (including MX1, ISG15 and IFIT1) after DAA therapy. No other differences in immune profiles/immune cell densities were identified between the two groups. The intra‐tumoral immune profiles of HCCs that occurred after DAA therapy were not qualitatively or quantitatively different from those of tumours occurring in untreated patients.ConclusionIn conclusion, removal of HCV infection after DAA‐based therapy results only in a down‐regulation of interferon‐stimulated genes in non‐tumoral tissues from patients with cirrhosis who develop HCC. These minor changes in the liver immune microenvironment are unlikely to favour HCC occurrence or recurrence after DAA‐induced SVR.
Geographic location and year determine virulence, and year determines genetic change, in populations of Neopseudocercosporella capsellae
Authors: Murtza T. , You M. P. , Barbetti M. J. 
Published: August 2019

White leaf spot (Neopseudocercosporella capsellae) can be severe and problematic worldwide across both horticultural and oilseed Brassicaceae, including susceptible rapeseed. In this study, 82 isolates from 2015 and 106 isolates from across Australia in 2016 were first assessed for their virulence against three different rapeseed (Brassica napus) cultivars. For both years there were significant (P < 0.001) differences. Also, there were significant (all P < 0.001) differences between isolates in each year, and between cultivars. For 2016 isolates, there were also significant differences (P < 0.001) between isolates across three different Australian states, and a significant interaction (P < 0.001) between isolates with cultivars. Of the three Australian states, isolates from Victoria were most virulent. Among tested cultivars, cv. Scoop was most susceptible. Subsequently, phylogenetic analysis of 114 of these same 2015 and 2016 isolates showed current isolates clustered separately from the majority of 2005 N. capsellae isolates collected from Western Australia a decade earlier, confirming significant genetic change within N. capsellae populations over the past decade. However, isolate clusters showed no association with geographical location. The results suggest that phylogenetic association among 2005 and 2015–2016 N. capsellae isolates is complementary with pathogenicity variations explained by geographically different N. capsellae pathogen populations. Neopseudocercosporella capsellae populations are evolving rapidly, challenging management through host resistance at a time of increasing incidence and severity of white leaf spot disease over the past decade. The outcome is well illustrated by cv. Scoop, previously resistant to 2005 isolates but moderately susceptible to 2015 and highly susceptible to 2016 isolates.
Sugammadex versus neostigmine for postoperative nausea and vomiting in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery paralyzed with rocuronium bromide: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Freundlich Angela , Badeaux Jennifer , Adorno Marie 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The objective of this review is to determine if the occurrence of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is affected by using sugammadex or neostigmine, in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures paralyzed by rocuronium bromide.

Introduction:
Laparoscopic procedures significantly increase the occurrence of PONV in patients. The focus should be on preventing the occurrence of PONV. Laparoscopic procedures use neo-muscular blocking agents to assist with creation of a pneumoperitoneum. After the procedure is complete, reversal of these agents is critical for patient recovery. Understanding the effects for each of the reversal medications is important for future decisions for peri-operative care.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies with patients aged 18 and older, undergoing laparoscopic procedures, paralyzed with rocuronium.

Methods:
A search for relevant published and unpublished literature will be conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), in addition to gray literature sources. Articles that meet the inclusion criteria will be further assessed for methodological validity by two independent reviewers using standardized critical appraisal instruments. Data will be extracted from papers included in the review using a standardized data extraction tool. Quantitative data will be pooled for statistical meta-analysis to evaluate the occurrence of PONV with both sugammadex and neostigmine.
Dietitian-led clinics in primary care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hickson Mary , Wanner Amanda , Collinson Avril 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review aims to examine and map the existing evidence exploring and/or evaluating the implementation, cost and/or effectiveness of dietitian-led clinics in primary care.

Introduction:
Dietitians may be able to offer new models of care within the primary care setting for relevant diagnosed patients, providing cheaper, more efficient and effective service in comparison to the traditional approach of general practitioner support and referral for specialist treatment. There is some evidence for the efficacy of dietetic care in primary care, but there is a lack of information concerning the broader contribution dietitians may make, including cost effectiveness and the range of conditions that dietitians may successfully manage.

Inclusion criteria:
Eligible studies will explore dietitian- or nutritionist-led clinics treating patients with any condition, and will be based in primary care or general practice settings in developed countries. Studies may include experimental, quasi-experimental, observational and qualitative studies.

Methods:
The searches will be limited to the past 10 years to ensure retrieved information will be relevant to today's healthcare setting. There will be no limit for language. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), AMED (EBSCO), British Nursing Index (ProQuest), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Wiley). Retrieved papers will be screened for inclusion by at least two reviewers. Where a decision is not possible, full text will be retrieved and reviewed. Data will be extracted from the included papers and a narrative summary will accompany the charted results and will describe how the results relate to the review's objective.
Quality of care during childbirth at public health facilities in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study using WHO/UNICEF ‘Every Mother Every Newborn (EMEN)’ standards
Authors: Billah Sk Masum , Chowdhury Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir , Khan Abdullah Nurus Salam , Karim Farhana , Hassan Aniqa , Zaka Nabila , Arifeen Shams El , Manu Alexander 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThis manuscript presents findings from a baseline assessment of health facilities in Bangladesh prior to the implementation of the ‘Every Mother Every Newborn Quality Improvement’ initiative.MethodologyA cross-sectional survey was conducted between June and August 2016 in 15 government health facilities. Structural readiness was assessed by observing the physical environment, the availability of essential drugs and equipment, and the functionality of the referral system. Structured interviews were conducted with care providers and facility managers on human resource availability and training in the maternal and newborn care. Observation of births, reviews of patient records and exit interviews with women who were discharged from the selected health facilities were used to assess the provision and experience of care.ResultsOnly six (40%) facilities assessed had designated maternity wards and 11 had newborn care corners. There were stock-outs of emergency drugs including magnesium sulfate and oxytocin in nearly all facilities. Two-thirds of the positions for medical officers was vacant in district hospitals and half of the positions for nurses was vacant in subdistrict facilities. Only 60 (45%) healthcare providers interviewed received training on newborn complication management. No health facility used partograph for labour monitoring. Blood pressure was not measured in half (48%) and urine protein in 99% of pregnant women. Only 27% of babies were placed skin to skin with their mothers. Most mothers (97%) said that they were satisfied with the care received, however, only 46% intended on returning to the same facility for future deliveries.ConclusionsSystematic implementation of quality standards to mitigate these gaps in service readiness, provision and experience of care is the next step to accelerate the country’s progress in reducing the maternal and neonatal deaths.
Race and prostate imaging: implications for targeted biopsy and image-based prostate cancer interventions
Authors: Gross Michael D , Al Hussein Al Awamlh Bashir , Shoag Jonathan E , Mauer Elizabeth , Banerjee Samprit , Margolis Daniel J , Mosquera Juan M , Hamilton Ann S , Schumura Maria J , Hu Jim C 
Published: August 2019

PurposeFor men with an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA), there is a strong evidence for prostate MRI to assess the risk of clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC) and guide targeted-biopsy interventions. Prostate MRI is assessed using the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS), which is scored from 1 to 5. Equivocal or suspicious findings (PI-RADS 3–5) are recommended for subsequent targeted biopsy, for which the risk of infection and sepsis is increasing. However, PI-RADS was developed primarily in men of European descent. We sought to elucidate PI-RADS and MRI-targeted biopsy outcomes in Asian men, a rapidly growing population in the USA, Europe, Australia and internationally.Materials and methodsA prospective cohort of 544 men with elevated PSA without a diagnosis of prostate cancer who underwent MRI-targeted biopsy at our institution from January 2012 to December 2018 was analyzed. We categorized the cohort by self-designated race then used a validated algorithm which uses surname lists to identify a total of 78 (14%) Asian-Americans. The primary outcome was the likelihood of diagnosing CSPC (Gleason grade group >1) in Asian-Americans versus non-Asian-Americans. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association of demographic and other characteristics with CSPC.ResultsOverall, MRI-targeted biopsy identified CSPC in 17% of Asian-American men versus 39% of non-Asian-American men (p<0.001). Notably for PI-RADS 3, only 6% of Asian-Americans versus 15% of others were diagnosed with CSPC. In adjusted analyses, Asian-American men were less likely to be diagnosed on MRI-targeted biopsy with CSPC (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.65, p=0.002) and indolent prostate cancer (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.91, p=0.030) than other races. Regardless of race those who were biopsy naïve were more likely (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.49, p<0.001) to be diagnosed with CSPC.ConclusionWe found that PI-RADS underperforms in Asian-American men. For instance, only 2 of 35 (6%) Asian-American men with PI-RADS 3 were diagnosed with CSPC on MRI targeted biopsy. This has significant implications for overuse of diagnostic and image-guided interventional approaches in Asian-Americans, given the increasing risk of infectious complications from biopsy. Additional validation studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Quasispecies characteristic in “a” determinant region is a potential predictor for the risk of immunoprophylaxis failure of mother-to-child-transmission of sub-genotype C2 hepatitis B virus: a prospective nested case–control study
Authors: Xiao Yiwei , Sun Kuixia , Duan Zhongping , Liu Zhixiu , Li Yi , Yan Ling , Song Yarong , Zou Huaibin , Zhuang Hui , Wang Jie , Li Jie 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThis study was performed to explore the correlation between the characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) quasispecies in HBV-infected pregnant women and the risk of immunoprophylaxis failure for their infants.DesignIn this prospective nested case–control study, the characteristics of HBV quasispecies in mothers whose infants were immunoprophylaxis success (control group) and those whose infants were immunoprophylaxis failure (case group) were analysed by the clone-based sequencing of full-length HBV genome and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of “a” determinant region, and were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe quasispecies characteristics including mutant frequency, Shannon entropy and mean genetic distance at amino acid level of “a” determinant region were significantly lower in case group than that in control group, using the full-length HBV genome clone-based sequencing assay. These results were confirmed by NGS assay. Notably, we discovered that the differences were also significant at nucleotide level by NGS assay. Furthermore, the risk of immunoprophylaxis failure could be predicted by analysing the three HBV quasispecies characteristics either at nucleotide level or at amino acid level of “a” determinant region, and the corresponding predictive values were tentatively set up.ConclusionsHBV quasispecies with a more complex mutant spectrum in “a” determinant region might be more vulnerable to extinct through mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT). More importantly, analysing HBV quasispecies characteristics in pregnant women with high HBV DNA load might be helpful to predict the high-risk population of immunoprophylaxis failure, and consequently provide accurate intervention against MTCT of HBV.
Risk of acute arterial events associated with treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: nationwide French cohort study
Authors: Kirchgesner Julien , Nyboe Andersen Nynne , Carrat Fabrice , Jess Tine , Beaugerie Laurent 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivePatients with IBD are at increased risk of acute arterial events. Antitumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents and thiopurines may, via their anti-inflammatory properties, lower the risk of acute arterial events. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of thiopurines and anti-TNFs on the risk of acute arterial events in patients with IBD.DesignPatients aged 18 years or older and affiliated to the French national health insurance with a diagnosis of IBD were followed up from 1 April 2010 until 31 December 2014. The risks of acute arterial events (including ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease) were compared between thiopurines and anti-TNFs exposed and unexposed patients with marginal structural Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for baseline and time-varying demographics, medications, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities and IBD disease activity.ResultsAmong 177 827 patients with IBD (96 111 (54%) women, mean age at cohort entry 46.2 years (SD 16.3), 90 205 (50.7%) with Crohn’s disease (CD)), 4145 incident acute arterial events occurred (incidence rates: 5.4 per 1000 person-years). Compared with unexposed patients, exposure to anti-TNFs (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.95), but not to thiopurines (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.05), was associated with a decreased risk of acute arterial events. The magnitude in risk reduction was highest in men with CD exposed to anti-TNFs (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.72).ConclusionExposure to anti-TNFs is associated with a decreased risk of acute arterial events in patients with IBD, particularly in men with CD.
Study of indications for cardiac device implantation and utilisation in Fabry cardiomyopathy
Authors: Vijapurapu Ravi , Geberhiwot Tarekegn , Jovanovic Ana , Baig Shanat , Nordin Sabrina , Kozor Rebecca , Leyva Francisco , Kotecha Dipak , Wheeldon Nigel , Deegan Patrick , Rusk Rosemary A , Moon James C , Hughes Derralynn A , Woolfson Peter , Steeds Richard P 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundFabry disease is a treatable X-linked condition leading to progressive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia and premature death. Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias contribute significantly to adverse prognosis; however, guidance to determine which patients require cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is sparse. We aimed to evaluate indications for implantation practice in the UK and quantify device utilisation.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we included demographic, clinical and imaging data from patients in four of the largest UK Fabry centres. Ninety patients with Fabry disease were identified with CIEDs implanted between June 2001 and February 2018 (FD-CIED group). To investigate differences in clinical and imaging markers between those with and without devices, these patients were compared with 276 patients without a CIED (FD-control).ResultsIn the FD-CIED group, 92% of patients with permanent pacemakers but only 28% with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators had a class 1 indication for implantation. A further 44% of patients had defibrillators inserted for primary prevention outside of current guidance. The burden of arrhythmia requiring treatment in the FD-CIED group was high (asymptomatic atrial fibrillation:29%; non-sustained ventricular tachycardia requiring medical therapy alone: 26%; sustained ventricular tachycardia needing anti-tachycardia pacing/defibrillation: 28%). Those with devices were older, had greater LV mass, more scar tissue and larger atrial size.ConclusionsArrhythmias are common in Fabry patients. Those with cardiac devices had high rates of atrial fibrillation requiring anticoagulation and ventricular arrhythmia needing device treatment. These are as high as those in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, supporting the need for Fabry-specific indications for device implantation.
Postzygotic mosaicism in cerebral cavernous malformation
Authors: Rath Matthias , Pagenstecher Axel , Hoischen Alexander , Felbor Ute 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundCerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) can cause severe neurological morbidity but our understanding of the mechanisms that drive CCM formation and growth is still incomplete. Recent experimental data suggest that dysfunctional CCM3-deficient endothelial cell clones form cavernous lesions in conjunction with normal endothelial cells.ObjectiveIn this study, we addressed the question whether endothelial cell mosaicism can be found in human cavernous tissue ofCCM1germline mutation carriers.Methods and resultsBringing together single-molecule molecular inversion probes in an ultra-sensitive sequencing approach with immunostaining to visualise the lack of CCM1 protein at single cell resolution, we identified a novel late postzygoticCCM1loss-of-function variant in the cavernous tissue of a de novoCCM1germline mutation carrier. The extended unilateral CCM had been located in the right central sulcus causing progressive proximal paresis of the left arm at the age of 15 years. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that individual caverns are lined by both heterozygous (CCM1+/−) and compound heterozygous (CCM1−/−) endothelial cells.ConclusionWe here demonstrate endothelial cell mosaicism within single caverns of human CCM tissue. In line with recent in vitro data on CCM1-deficient endothelial cells, our results provide further evidence for clonal evolution in human CCM1 pathogenesis.