bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phloroglucinol averts isoprenaline hydrochloride induced myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Zhu Canzhan , Li Wanjing , Wang Xinhong , Xue Jiahong , Zhao Ling , Song Yafan , Zhou Tian , Zhang Mingjuan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is indicated by the symptoms like sharp chest pain, sweating, palpitations, and nervousness finally leading to heart attack. MI occurs mainly due to the risk factors like smoking, elevated blood pressure, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, decreased HDL level, elevated LDL level, hyperlipoproteinemia and aging consequently leads to demandable coronary blood supply, oxidative stress, and acute necrosis of the myocardium. Cardioprotective potential of the phloroglucinol (PG) was assessed by treating isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO; 85 mg/kg b.w., s.c.) induced MI model in rats. Pretreatment with PG in a dose of 30 mg/kg was done for 28 days and followed by ISO (for MI induction) on 29th and 30th days, exhibited decline in the abnormalities in the ECG patterns, cardiac marker enzymes, enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, lipid profiles, and histopathological investigations compared to isoprenaline alone treated group. On the whole, the present investigations elucidate the significance of PG in alleviating the pathological process and appreciably prevent the induction of MI in experimental rats.
Near‐infrared imaging of diseases: A nanocarrier approach
Authors: Silindir‐Gunay Mine , Sarcan Elif Tugce , Ozer Asuman Yekta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDevelopments in fluorescence imaging, brought popularity to near infrared (NIR) imaging with far‐red and NIR fluorophores applied for biosensing and bioimaging in living systems. Noninvasive NIR imaging gained popularity with the use of effective NIR dyes to obtain macroscopic fluorescence images. Several attributes of NIR dyes make them desirable agents, including high specificity, high sensitivity, minimized background interference, and the ability to easily conjugate with drug delivery systems. However, NIR dyes have some drawbacks and limitations, such as low solubility, low stability, and degradation. To overcome these issues, NIR dyes can be encapsulated in appropriate nanocarriers to achieve effective diagnosis, imaging, and therapy monitoring during surgery. Moreover, the vast majority of NIR dyes have photosensitizer features that can effectuate cancer treatment referred to as photodynamic therapy (PDT). In the near future, by combining NIR dyes with appropriate nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, or ceramic/silica based nanoparticles, the limitations of NIR dyes can be minimized or even effectively eliminated to form potential effective agents for imaging, therapy, and therapy monitoring of several diseases, particularly cancer.
Inositol and antioxidant supplementation: Safety and efficacy in pregnancy
Authors: Formoso Gloria , Baldassarre Maria P.A. , Ginestra Federica , Carlucci Maria Assunta , Bucci Ines , Consoli Agostino 
Published: March 2019

SummaryPregnancies complicated by diabetes have largely increased in number over the last 50 years. Pregnancy is characterized by a physiologic increase in insulin resistance, which, associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammations, could induce alterations of glucose metabolism and diabetes. If not optimally controlled, these conditions have a negative impact on maternal and foetal outcomes. To date, one can resort only to diet and lifestyle to treat obesity and insulin resistance during pregnancy, and insulin remains the only therapeutic option to manage diabetes during pregnancy. However, in the last years, in a variety of experimental models, inositol and antioxidants supplementation have shown insulin‐sensitizing, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which could be mediated by some possible complementary mechanism of action. Different isomers and multiple combinations of these compounds are presently available: Aim of the present review article is to examine the existing evidence in order to clarify and/or define the effects of different inositol‐ and antioxidant‐based supplements during pregnancy complicated by insulin resistance and/or by diabetes. This could help the clinician's evaluation and choice of the appropriate supplementation regimen.
Identification of the designer steroid Androsta‐3,5‐diene‐7,17‐dione in a dietary supplement
Authors: Lorenz Lisa M. , Toomey Valerie M. , Lanzarotta Adam C. , Flurer Rick A. , Falconer Travis M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) screen for known anabolic‐androgenic steroids in a dietary supplement product marketed for “performance enhancement” detected an unknown compound having steroid‐like spectral characteristics. The compound was isolated using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC–UV) coupled with an analytical scale fraction collector. After the compound was isolated, it was then characterized using gas chromatography with simultaneous Fourier Transform infrared detection and mass spectrometry (GC–FT–IR–MS), liquid chromatography–high resolution accurate mass–mass spectrometry (LC–HRAM–MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The steroid had an accurate mass of m/z 285.1847 (error−0.57 ppm) for the protonated species [M + H]+, corresponding to a molecular formula of C19H24O2. Based on the GC–FT–IR–MS data, NMR data, and accurate mass, the compound was identified as androsta‐3,5‐diene‐7,17‐dione. Although this is not the first reported identification of this designer steroid in a dietary supplement, the data provided adds information for identification of this compound not previously reported. This compound was subsequently detected in another dietary supplement product, which contained three additional active ingredients.
Estimating the energy expenditure of free‐ranging polar bears using tri‐axial accelerometers: A validation with doubly labeled water
Authors: Pagano Anthony M. , Williams Terrie M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMeasures of energy expenditure can be used to inform animal conservation and management, but methods for measuring the energy expenditure of free‐ranging animals have a variety of limitations. Advancements in biologging technologies have enabled the use of dynamic body acceleration derived from accelerometers as a proxy for energy expenditure. Although dynamic body acceleration has been shown to strongly correlate with oxygen consumption in captive animals, it has been validated in only a few studies on free‐ranging animals. Here, we use relationships between oxygen consumption and overall dynamic body acceleration in resting and walking polar bears Ursus maritimus and published values for the costs of swimming in polar bears to estimate the total energy expenditure of 6 free‐ranging polar bears that were primarily using the sea ice of the Beaufort Sea. Energetic models based on accelerometry were compared to models of energy expenditure on the same individuals derived from doubly labeled water methods. Accelerometer‐based estimates of energy expenditure on average predicted total energy expenditure to be 30% less than estimates derived from doubly labeled water. Nevertheless, accelerometer‐based measures of energy expenditure strongly correlated (r2 = 0.70) with measures derived from doubly labeled water. Our findings highlight the strengths and limitations in dynamic body acceleration as a measure of total energy expenditure while also further supporting its use as a proxy for instantaneous, detailed energy expenditure in free‐ranging animals.
Transcriptomics and differential gene expression in Whitmania pigra (Annelida: Clitellata: Hirudinida: Hirudinidae): Contrasting feeding and fasting modes
Authors: Khan Muhammad Salabat , Guan De‐Long , Kvist Sebastian , Ma Li‐Bin , Xie Juan‐Ying , Xu Sheng‐Quan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe medicinal utility of leeches has been demonstrated through decades of use in modern hospital settings, mainly as relievers of venous congestion following flap or digit replantation surgery. In the present study, we sequence and annotate (through BLAST‐ and Gene Ontology‐based approaches) the salivary transcriptome of the nonblood feeding hirudinid Whitmania pigra and assess the differential gene expression of anticoagulation factors (through both quantitative real‐time PCR [qRT‐PCR] and in silico‐based methods) during feeding and fasting conditions. This was done in order to evince the diversity of putative anticoagulation factors, as well as estimate the levels of upregulation of genes immediately after feeding. In total, we found sequences with demonstrated orthology (via both phylogenetic analyses and BLAST‐based approaches) to seven different proteins that have previously been linked to anticoagulatory capabilities—eglin C, bdellin, granulin, guamerin, hyaluronidase, destabilase I, and lipocalin. All of these were recovered from leeches both in the fasting and in the feeding conditions, but all show signs of upregulation in the feeding leeches. Interestingly, our RNA‐seq effort, coupled with a hypergeometric test, indicated that the differentially expressed genes were disproportionately involved in three main immunological pathways (endocytosis, peroxisome regulation, and lysosome regulation). The results and implications of the finding of anticoagulants in this nonblood feeding leech and the putative upregulation of anticoagulation factors after feeding are briefly discussed in an evolutionary context.
A dam in the drylands: Soil geomorphic treatments facilitate recruitment of the endangered Santa Ana River woolly star
Authors: Hernandez Rebecca R. , Sandquist Darren R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe long‐term management of aridland riparian ecosystems impacted by dams is crucial to reduce losses of biodiversity, reduce extinction risks for species, and restore ecosystem services. When dams preclude natural flow, safeguarding aridland riparian ecosystems adapted to infrequent, catastrophic floods poses additional challenges owing to the need to consider biological and pattern legacies. Seven Oaks Dam (California, USA) eliminated the occurrence of flooding, scouring, and deposition across the rare plant community downstream. This Riversidian alluvial fan sage scrub or alluvial scrub includes one of the most endangered plants in California, Eriastrum densifolium spp. sanctorum (Santa Ana River woolly star, hereafter called woolly star). In this study, we evaluated the impact of six soil geomorphic treatments on alluvial scrub and woolly star re‐establishment after 5, 7.5, and 13 yr. We implemented a complete randomized block design, with each block incorporating six treatments: cleared, diked, cut, filled‐10 (10 cm soil), filled‐20 (20 cm), and filled‐30 (30 cm), mimicking one or more physical disturbances (pattern legacy) occurring after a natural flood event. We performed plant community surveys (cover, abundance, maturity, invasibility, diversity) on full plots in 2006, representing 7.5 yr of response from the original 1999 treatment, and on half‐plots in 2012, representing 5 yr of response following re‐disturbance in 2007, and 13 yr of response on half‐plots left intact since 1999. We found very limited recruitment of woolly star into control plots (1.2% cover). By contrast, the cut treatment showed consistently higher cover of woolly star (25.3%, 53.4%, 14.3%), after 5, 7.5, and 13 yr, respectively. Other treatments showed responses ranging between these extremes. Similar results were found for total native cover and diversity. Woolly star cover was inversely related to alien grass cover, suggesting that exotic grass invasions inhibit early recovery of the perennial. The re‐establishment of base flows and flood pulses or soil geomorphic disturbances that mimic pattern legacies associated with infrequent, catastrophic flooding could be implemented to sustain downstream ecosystems that include woolly star populations. In the absence of such actions in the Santa Ana River floodplain, the persistence of woolly star as a species appears unlikely.
Tree recruitment dynamics in fire‐prone eucalypt savanna
Authors: Russell‐Smith Jeremy , Evans Jay , Macdermott Harry , Brocklehurst Peter , Schatz Jon , Lynch Dominique , Yates Cameron , Edwards Andrew 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSavanna sites are idealized as exhibiting a demographic “bottleneck” physiognomy comprising a lower stratum of abundant resprouting persistent “juveniles” (albeit of indeterminate age), a mid‐stratum comprising relatively few released “saplings,” and a canopy‐layer cohort of “adults.” The magnitude and frequency of disturbance is considered to influence the critical transition from juvenile into adult phases. Under fire‐prone Australian savanna conditions, an extensive suite of both observational and manipulative studies have explored the responses of tree recruitment to fire disturbances. These studies oftentimes have produced seemingly highly disparate responses, particularly with respect to the differential responses of relatively fast‐growing eucalypts versus non‐eucalypts under different fire regime, and overstory competition, conditions. This study contrasts the responses of tree recruitment height classes to (1) the effects of total canopy removal from severe Cyclone Monica in 2006 over a subsequent 10‐yr period, (2) with observations from long‐term monitoring sites under relatively stable overstory conditions at Litchfield National Park over a six‐year period, (3) under ambient, frequent fire occurrence (mean > 0.5 fires/yr) at both locales including relatively severe late dry season fires. Recruitment at both study sites was represented mostly by resprouting, clonally reproducing juvenile trees <2 m tall, around half of which died over respective assessment periods. At post‐cyclone assessment plots, there was substantial release of eucalypts, including within the first five years, into the >5 m height class, with negligible corresponding release of non‐eucalypts. At Litchfield plots, there was negligible release of both eucalypts and non‐eucalypts. In discussion, we contrast these results with findings from relevant regional studies. We contend that collective disparate observations feasibly can be reconciled as reflecting significant interactions between fire regime characteristics and variable site overstory competition effects, such that the rate of recruitment of fast‐growing savanna eucalypt individuals into the midstory is relatively independent of the fire regime, but is significantly regulated by resource competition interactions especially with the overstory, whereas recruitment of non‐eucalypts is relatively independent of overstory competitive effects, but is suppressed under fire regimes dominated by frequent, especially severe fires.
Autoreactive B‐lymphocytes in SLE and RA patients: Isolation and characterisation using extractable nuclear and citrullinated antigens bound to immunobeads
Authors: de la Varga‐Martínez Raquel , Rodríguez‐Bayona Beatriz , Campos‐Caro Antonio , Añez Gustavo A , Medina‐Varo Fermín , Rodríguez Carmen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis are autoimmune diseases characterised by B‐cell hyperactivation and production of autoantibodies (AutoAbs) against various self‐antigens, including extractable nuclear antigens and citrullinated peptides. Therefore, B lymphocytes and antibody‐secreting cells are considered relevant targets for therapies. However, isolation and characterisation of auto‐reactive specific B lymphocytes are limited, primarily due to technical issues. In this work, we purified extractable nuclear antigen‐specific and citrullinated peptide‐specific auto‐reactive B lymphocytes by magnetic selection with ENA‐ and citrullinated peptide‐bound immunobeads. We obtained blood auto‐reactive B lymphocytes from most patients. Their nature was primarily naïve B cells, some of them in an active status, with low levels of somatic hypermutations in the immunoglobulin heavy‐chain variable regions. Their presence correlated with serum levels of autoAb. Auto‐reactive B lymphocytes were able to differentiate into auto‐reactive antibody‐secreting cells under conditions of stimulation. In addition, based on the presence of circulating auto‐reactive B cells and/or antibody‐secreting cells, four different profiles were described in lupus patients. Thus, tracking auto‐reactive B cells and/or antibody‐secreting cells in patient blood could represent a biomarker for deciding whether to use therapies blocking either B cells, plasma cells or both, as well as a new tool for monitoring minimal residual autoimmune disease in patients.
Fault diagnosis of Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Haque Ahteshamul , Bharath Kurukuru Varaha Satya , Khan Mohammed Ali , Khan Irshad , Jaffery Zainul Abdin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFault diagnosis and condition monitoring are important to increase the efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic modules. This paper reviews the challenges and limitations associated with fault diagnosis of solar modules. A thorough analysis of various faults responsible for failure of solar modules has been discussed. After reviewing relevant work, a monitoring tool is designed using thermography and artificial intelligent systems that allows the detection of various types of faults in PV modules and at the same time the designed tool aims to filter the nonsignificant anomalies. A neural network (NN) classifier is applied to the transfer characteristics (I‐V data) of the faulty PV module for the diagnosis which adapts multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks to identify the type and location of occurring faults. The Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based signal processing technique is utilized in the feature extraction process to reduce the NN input size. The developed detection algorithm is adapted for 24/7 automated surveillance. For a given fault condition, the average fault detection time is observed to be <9 seconds, which is lower than the previous work done. The developed algorithm achieved 100% accuracy when tested on a predetermined fault data set.
Gain of FGF4 is a frequent event in KIT/PDGFRA/SDH/RAS‐P WT GIST
Authors: Urbini Milena , Indio Valentina , Tarantino Giuseppe , Ravegnini Gloria , Angelini Sabrina , Nannini Margherita , Saponara Maristella , Santini Donatella , Ceccarelli Claudio , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Vincenzi Bruno , Fumagalli Elena , Casali Paolo Giovanni , Grignani Giovanni , Pession Andrea , Ardizzoni Andrea , Astolfi Annalisa , Pantaleo Maria Abbondanza 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) lacking mutations in KIT/PDGFRA or RAS pathways and retaining an intact SDH complex are usually referred to as KIT/PDGFRA/SDH/RAS‐P WT GIST or more simply quadruple WT GIST (~5% of all GIST). Despite efforts made, no recurrent genetic event in quadruple WT GIST has been identified so far. To further investigate this disease, we performed high throughput copy number analysis on quadruple WT GIST specimens identifying a recurrent focal gain in band 11q13.3 (involving FGF3/FGF4) in 6/8 cases. This event was not found in the other molecular GIST subgroups. FGF3/FGF4 duplication was associated with high expression of FGF4, both at mRNA and protein level, a growth factor normally not expressed in adult tissues or in KIT/PDGFRA‐mutated GIST. FGFR1 was found to be the predominant FGF receptor expressed and phosphorylation of AKT was detected, suggesting that a FGF4‐FGFR1 autocrine loop could stimulate downstream signaling in quadruple WT GIST. Together with the recent reports of quadruple WT cases carrying FGFR1 activating alterations, these findings strengthen the hypothesis of a potential involvement of FGFR pathway deregulation in quadruple WT GIST, which may represent a rationale for novel therapeutic approaches.
Double minute chromosomes harboring MDM2 amplification in a pediatric atypical lipomatous tumor
Authors: Dadone‐Montaudié Bérengère , Burel‐Vandenbos Fanny , Soler Christine , Rosello Olivier , Boyer Corinne , Fabas Thibault , Bianchini Laurence , Pedeutour Florence 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAdipocytic tumors are rare in children and are mostly benign. Less than 25 cases of pediatric well‐differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS), atypical lipomatous tumors (ALT), and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) have been reported. Among them, only three cases were genetically analyzed. We describe the genetic features of a rapidly growing adipose tumor that occurred in the thigh of a 7‐year‐old girl. Histologically, it was composed of mature adipocytic cells with a few atypia. Molecular analysis showed high‐level amplification of the 12q13‐21 region including MDM2 among 64 amplified genes. MDM2 amplification is a diagnostic hallmark of ALT/WDLPS/DDLPS. In adult cases, it is typically located in ring or giant marker chromosomes. In the present case, extra‐copies of MDM2 were located on double minute chromosomes (dmin). This raised the hypothesis of dmin being precursors of adult's rings and giant markers and may provide indications for a better understanding of the mechanisms of adipose tumor oncogenesis.
Comparing MRI metrics to quantify white matter microstructural damage in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lipp Ilona , Jones Derek K. , Bells Sonya , Sgarlata Eleonora , Foster Catherine , Stickland Rachael , Davidson Alison E. , Tallantyre Emma C. , Robertson Neil P. , Wise Richard G. , Tomassini Valentina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuantifying white matter damage in vivo is becoming increasingly important for investigating the effects of neuroprotective and repair strategies in multiple sclerosis (MS). While various approaches are available, the relationship between MRI‐based metrics of white matter microstructure in the disease, that is, to what extent the metrics provide complementary versus redundant information, remains largely unexplored. We obtained four microstructural metrics from 123 MS patients: fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), myelin water fraction (MWF), and magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR). Coregistration of maps of these four indices allowed quantification of microstructural damage through voxel‐wise damage scores relative to healthy tissue, as assessed in a group of 27 controls. We considered three white matter tissue‐states, which were expected to vary in microstructural damage: normal appearing white matter (NAWM), T2‐weighted hyperintense lesional tissue without T1‐weighted hypointensity (T2L), and T1‐weighted hypointense lesional tissue with corresponding T2‐weighted hyperintensity (T1L). All MRI indices suggested significant damage in all three tissue‐states, the greatest damage being in T1L. The correlations between indices ranged from r = 0.18 to r = 0.87. MWF was most sensitive when differentiating T2L from NAWM, while MTR was most sensitive when differentiating T1L from NAWM and from T2L. Combining the four metrics into one, through a principal component analysis, did not yield a measure more sensitive to damage than any single measure. Our findings suggest that the metrics are (at least partially) correlated with each other, but sensitive to the different aspects of pathology. Leveraging these differences could be beneficial in clinical trials testing the effects of therapeutic interventions.