bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Assessment of Immunohistochemistry Laboratory Performance by Measuring Analytic Response Curves and Limits of Detection
Authors: Sompuram Seshi R. , Vani Kodela , Schaedle Anika K. , Balasubramanian Anuradha , Bogen Steven A. 
Published: March 2018

Context.—Numerous studies highlight interlaboratory performance variability in diagnostic immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. Despite substantial improvements over the years, the inability to quantitatively and objectively assess immunostain sensitivity complicates interlaboratory standardization.Objective.—To quantitatively and objectively assess the sensitivity of the immunohistochemical stains for human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) across IHC laboratories in a proficiency testing format. We measure sensitivity with parameters that are new to the field of diagnostic IHC: analytic response curves and limits of detection.Design.—Thirty-nine diagnostic IHC laboratories stained a set of 3 slides, one each for HER2, ER, and PR. Each slide incorporated a positive tissue section and IHControls at 5 different concentrations. The IHControls comprise cell-sized clear microbeads coated with defined concentrations of analyte (HER2, ER, and/or PR). The laboratories identified the limits of detection and then mailed the slides for quantitative assessment.Results.—Each commercial immunostain demonstrated a characteristic analytic response curve, reflecting strong reproducibility among IHC laboratories using the same automation and reagents prepared per current Good Manufacturing Practices. However, when comparing different commercial vendors (using different reagents), the data reveal up to 100-fold differences in analytic sensitivity. For proficiency testing purposes, quantitative assessment using analytic response curves was superior to subjective interpretation of limits of detection.Conclusions.—Assessment of IHC laboratory performance by quantitative measurement of analytic response curves is a powerful, objective tool for identifying outlier IHC laboratories. It uniquely evaluates immunostain performance across a range of defined analyte concentrations.
Cardiovascular Risks With SGLT2 Inhibitors in Clinical Practice Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Su Hsuan-Yu , Yang Chen-Yi , Lee Yu-Hsuan , Su Pei-Fang , Liu Yi-Chia , Ou Huang-Tz 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceCardiovascular disease (CVD) can be recurrent during type 2 diabetes (T2D) progression in this aging population. The effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy on total (ie, first and subsequent) CVD among patients with T2D in clinical practice remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo analyze the comparative association of SGLT2i vs dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) therapy with total CVD among patients with T2D in clinical practice.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic medical records at the National Cheng Kung University Hospital, a leading medical center in Taiwan, from 2015 through 2021. Adult patients with T2D who initiated first use of the study drugs from 2016 through 2019, with up to 6 years of follow-up, were identified.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes included total composite CVD events and individual CVD subtypes (ie, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, and transient ischemic attack). A shared frailty model analysis was used to assess the association of treatment with repeat CVD events. Data from patients at high risk for CVD recurrence were further analyzed. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023.ResultsOverall, 8384 patients with T2D were identified (mean [SD] age, 63.7 [12.4] years; 4645 [55.4%] male). A total of 1632 propensity score–matched pairs of SGLT2i (mean [SD] age, 57.8 [12.0] years; 673 [41.2%] female and 959 [58.8%] male) and DPP4i (mean [SD] age, 58.2 [12.9] years; 655 [40.1%] female and 977 [59.9%] male) users were included. SGLT2i was associated with reduced total CVD risk vs DPP4i therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82 [95% CI, 0.69-0.98]) but not the first CVD event (with the use of SGLT2i therapy were more prominent for patients at high risk of CVD (ie, HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.62-0.80] for individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.64-0.78]; for individuals having any diabetes-related complications; and HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.65-0.80] for individuals with a history of CVD) compared with the overall cohort. Among patients at high risk of CVD, greater reduced total CVD burden associated with SGLT2i therapy was observed for women vs men (eg, HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.49-0.72] in the subgroup with CVD history).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with T2D, the use of SGLT2is vs DPP4is was associated with reduced total cardiovascular burden, suggesting that long-term use of this therapy may optimize treatment benefit among patients with chronic CVD. The SGLT2i-associated benefit among patients with high risk of CVD encourages the prioritization of SGLT2i use for these vulnerable individuals.
Autism Diagnosis Among US Children and Adults, 2011-2022
Authors: Grosvenor Luke P. , Croen Lisa A. , Lynch Frances L. , Marafino Ben J. , Maye Melissa , Penfold Robert B. , Simon Gregory E. , Ames Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceAn improved understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence over time and across the lifespan can inform health care service delivery for the growing population of autistic children and adults.ObjectiveTo describe trends in the prevalence of ASD diagnoses using electronic records data from a large network of health systems in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study examined annual diagnosis rates in health records of patients in US health systems from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2022. Eligible individuals were included in the study sample for a given calendar year if they were enrolled in a participating health system for at least 10 months out of the year. Data were extracted from 12 sites participating in the Mental Health Research Network, a consortium of research centers embedded within large, diverse health care systems.Main Outcome and MeasuresDiagnoses of ASD were ascertained using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) revision codes. Annual diagnosis rates were calculated as the number of unique members diagnosed, divided by the total members enrolled.ResultsA total of 12 264 003 members were enrolled in 2022 (2 359 359 children aged 0 to 17 years [19.2%]; 6 400 222 female [52.2%]; 93 002 American Indian or Alaska Native [0.8%], 1 711 950 Asian [14.0%], 952 287 Black or African American [7.8%], 2 971 355 Hispanic [24.2%], 166 144 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander [1.4%], and 6 462 298 White [52.7%]). The ASD diagnosis rate was greatest among 5-to-8-year-olds throughout the study period and increased by 175% among the full sample, from 2.3 per 1000 in 2011 to 6.3 per 1000 in 2022. The greatest relative increase in diagnosis rate from 2011 to 2022 occurred among 26-to-34-year-olds (450%) and increases were greater for female vs male individuals among children (305% [estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), 13.62 percentage points; 95% CI, 12.49-14.75 percentage points] vs 185% [EAPC, 9.63 percentage points; 95% CI, 8.54-10.72 percentage points], respectively) and adults (315% [EAPC, 13.73 percentage points; 95% CI, 12.61-14.86 percentage points] vs 215% [EAPC, 10.33 percentage points; 95% CI, 9.24-11.43 percentage points]). Relative increases were greater in racial and ethnic minority groups compared with White individuals among children, but not adults.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of children and adults in the US, ASD diagnosis rates increased substantially between 2011 and 2022, particularly among young adults, female children and adults, and children from some racial or ethnic minority groups. Diagnosis prevalence trends generated using health system data can inform the allocation of resources to meet the service needs of this growing, medically complex population.
Adopting Buffer Layer for Improving Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio of Broadband Photomultiplication Type Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Yang Kaixuan , Zhao Xingchao , Wang Bingzhe , Ma Xiaoling , Lu Lifang , Wang Jian , Xing Guichuan , Zhang Fujun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe photomultiplication type organic photodetectors (PM‐OPDs) are prepared with structure of ITO/PNDIT‐F3N/F8BT/Y6‐1O:P3HT (100:3, wt/wt)/Al, containing hole traps formed with P3HT surrounded by Y6‐1O in active layers. The PM‐OPDs exhibit external quantum efficiency (EQE)>100% in the spectral response range from 310 to 910 nm, resulting from electron tunneling injection assisted by trapped hole near ITO electrode. The incorporation of F8BT buffer layers can induce the markedly decreased dark current density (JD) due to the large electron injection barrier. The light current density (JL) of PM‐OPDs exhibits slightly decreased by inserting F8BT buffer layers due to the enhanced electron tunneling injection assisted by the more trapped holes near ITO electrode. The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of PM‐OPDs achieves over 40‐fold increment by inserting appropriate thickness of F8BT buffer layers, resulting from the markedly decreased JD and reasonably high JL. The optimal PM‐OPDs exhibit excellent photodetection capability with EQE of 4200% at 360 nm and 6600% at 850 nm, associated with the specific detectivity of 3.9 × 1011 Jones at 360 nm and 9.7 × 1011 Jones at 850 nm.
Multilayer Bionic Tunable Strain Sensor with Mutually Non‐Interfering Conductive Networks for Machine Learning‐Assisted Gesture Recognition
Authors: Gao Liang , Yang Jie , Zhao Yi , Zhao Xinxin , Zhou Kangkang , Zhai Wei , Zheng Guoqiang , Dai Kun , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFlexible strain sensors capable of acquiring tiny mechanical signals and attaching to various irregular surfaces are becoming prevalent in physiological measurement, soft robotics, and human‐machine interaction. However, the advancement of flexible strain sensors is substantially impeded by the intrinsic compromise between sensitivity and the range of detectable signals. Inspired by the multilayer structure of nacre in nature, a carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/graphene (GR)/graphene (GR)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) mat (CGGTM) is prepared by electrospinning and high‐pressure spraying technology. By designing a multilayer structure with mutually non‐interfering conductive networks, the resulting CGGTM possesses a low detection limit (0.05% strain), high sensitivity (gauge factor, GF > 152537), large detection range (up to 364% strain), fast response/recovery time (80 ms/100 ms), and excellent cyclic durability (up to 1000 cycles). Furthermore, the CGGTM also exhibits satisfactory triboelectric performances when assembled into a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG, 3 × 3 cm2), including high triboelectric output (open‐circuit voltage Voc = 135.4 V, short‐circuit current Isc = 1.25 µA) and power density (88 mW m−2), enabling reliable power supply, self‐powered sensing, and pulse monitoring capability. Finally, CGGTM is successfully applied to the collection of biological signals and multi‐gesture motion recognition assisted by machine learning algorithms, which holds promise for intelligent interaction with gestures in the future.
All‐SnO2‐Based Conformal Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Bin , Zheng Likai , Hu Ruixiong , Xuan Yimin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe fabrication of high‐performance perovskite solar cells on high‐haze fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates with superior light‐trapping capabilities necessitates a highly conformal electron transport layer at the bottom interface. Herein, a conformal low‐temperature processable all‐SnO2‐based electron transport layer (ETL) is successfully developed on high‐haze FTO by well‐anchoring a polyacrylic acid‐stabilized quantum dot‐SnO2 layer onto an atomic layer deposited SnO2 layer with a dense hydroxyl surface. The obtained ETL demonstrates excellent capabilities in simultaneously homogenizing the surface contact potential distribution, blocking hole transport, and suppressing non‐radiative recombination. Consequently, a champion device is achieved that delivers a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 24.97%, with VOC × FF reaching 87.09% of the Shockley‐Queisser limit at a bandgap of 1.54 eV, which is the highest value among the ALD SnO2‐based PSCs. The homogeneous ETL further enabled the fabrication of a 1 cm2 PSC with a PCE of 23.18% and only a 10 mV loss in VOC compared to smaller‐area PSCs, showcasing its potential for large‐scale commercial applications.
Cathepsin K‐Positive Cell Lineage Promotes In Situ Dentin Formation Controlled by Nociceptive Sonic Hedgehog
Authors: Xu Ruoshi , Zhang Xiaohan , Lin Weimin , Wang Yushun , Zhang Danting , Jiang Shuang , Liu Linfeng , Wang Jiaying , Luo Xutao , Zhang Xiao , Jing Junjun , Yuan Quan , Zhou Chenchen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOral diseases affect nearly half of the global population throughout their lifetime causing pain, as estimated by the World Health Organization. Preservation of vital pulp is the therapeutic core as well as a challenge to protect natural teeth. Current bottleneck lies in that the regenerative capacity of injured pulp is undetermined. In this study, we identified a lifelong lineage that is labelled by cathepsin K (Ctsk) contributing to the physiological, reactionary and reparative odontogenesis of mouse molars. Ctsk+ cell‐mediated dentin formation is regulated by nociceptive nerve‐derived Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), especially rapidly responsive to acute injury. Notably, exogenous Shh protein to the injury pulp can preserve Ctsk+ cell capacity of odontogenesis for the nearby crown pulp and even remote root apex growth, alleviating conventionally developmental arrest in youth pulpitis. Exposed to chronical attrition, aged pulp Ctsk+ cells still hold the capacity to respond to acute stimuli and promote reparative odontogenesis, also enhanced by exogenous Shh capping. Therefore, Ctsk+ cells may be one of the lineages for accelerating precision medicine for efficient pulp treatment across ages. Shh application can be a candidate for vital pulp preservation and pulp injury repair by promoting regenerative odontogenesis to a certain extent from young adults to older individuals.
Patient‐Derived Melanoma Immune‐Tumoroids as a Platform for Precise High throughput Drug Screening
Authors: Viegas Juliana , Costa Sofia , Dias Sofia , Pereira Catarina Leite , Sarmento Bruno 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn vitro models are crucial in cancer research, but they must truthfully mimic in vivo tumors for clinical relevance. The development of unprecedent melanoma quadruple multicellular tumoroids (MCTs) is proposed comprising tumor cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and monocytes that replicate tumor architecture, tumor microenvironment, and secretome behavior. These MCTs of 300 µm in diameter secreted keratin and collagen, showing complexity proportional to their cell combinations. Further, closely resembled in vivo tumors in terms of cells organization, growth, progression, and immune behavior. Drug screening using these MCTs demonstrated their potential as patient‐derived platforms for precision medicine. These findings highlight the true value of MCTs for studying melanoma biology and testing therapeutic interventions with greater precision and relevance to human disease.
High‐Performance Flexible Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistors on Plastic Substrates
Authors: Zhang Ting , Sun Ying , Hu Ruijin , Qian Wentao , Yu Linwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInorganic semiconductor nanowires, known for their exceptional electronic properties and mechanical flexibility, are widely regarded as the ideal 1D channel materials for creating high‐performance flexible electronics. In this work, the integration of ordered arrays of silicon nanowire (SiNW) field effect transistors (FETs) directly onto flexible plastic substrates is showcased. The self‐aligned crystalline SiNW multi‐channels are first grown through an in‐plane solid–liquid–solid mechanism on rigid substrates, and then efficiently transferred in‐batch onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics. The FETs constructed on these transferred SiNW channels exhibit outstanding performance, with a high on/off current ratio of >105, a low subthreshold swing of 175 mV dec−1, and remarkable mechanical stability that can endure an extremely small bending radius of 0.5 mm for 1000 cycles. Furthermore, inverter logics are also successfully demonstrated on plastic substrates, highlighting a prominent routine for scalable integration of high‐quality SiNW channels in the development of low‐cost, high‐performance flexible displays and wearable electronics.
Innovative Anode Design to Enhance Both Volumetric and Gravimetric Energy Densities of LiCoO2||Graphite Pouch Cells
Authors: Zhang Yidan , Wang Hua , Li Zezhuo , Ge Xiaoyu , Huang Kai , Huang Jia‐Qi , Huang Ling , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ratio of the anode (negative electrode) and cathode (positive electrode) areal capacities (N/P ratio), is an important parameter for Lithium‐ion batteries. Considering the manufacturing tolerance and battery safety, almost all of the batteries keep the N/P ratio > 1. Deviating from this ratio can lead to lithium precipitation on the anode surface, which poses significant risks. Here, by using a gradient structured graphite (Gr) anode, a new design concept is proposed that the N/P ratio could be less than 1, which can effectively achieve higher energy density without sacrificing the battery safety. This is achieved by incorporating a small quantity of silver (Ag) nanoparticles into the bottom layer of the anode (Gr‐Agx), which effectively modulates the concentration polarization of lithium ions along the thickness of the electrode. Moreover, the volumetric energy density of 4 Ah LiCoO2||Gr‐Ag0.5 (N/P = 0.8) pouch cell increases by 14.5% compared with LiCoO2||Gr (N/P = 1.1). Furthermore, the universal applicability and efficacy of the N/P < 1 design paradigm in LiFePO4||Gr cells are validated.
Contribution of Rare and Potentially Functionally Relevant Sequence Variants in Schizophrenia Risk‐Locus Xq28,distal
Authors: Claus I. , Sivalingam S. , Koller A. C. , Weiß A. , Mathey C. M. , Sindermann L. , Klein D. , Henschel L. , Ludwig K. U. , Hoffmann P. , Heimbach A. , Heilmann‐Heimbach S. , Vedder H. , Kammerer‐Ciernioch J. , Stürmer T. , Streit F. , Maaser‐Hecker A. , Nenadić I. , Baune B. T. , Hartmann A. M. , Konte B. , Giegling I. , Heilbronner U. , Wagner M. , Philipsen A. , Schmidt B. , Rujescu D. , Buness A. , Schulze T. G. , Rietschel M. , Forstner A. J. , Nöthen M. M. , Degenhardt F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDuplications of the Xq28,distal locus have been described in male and female patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) or intellectual disability. The Xq28,distal locus spans eight protein‐coding genes (F8, CMC4, MTCP1, BRCC3, VBP1, FUNDC2, CLIC2, and RAB39B) and is flanked by recurrent genomic breakpoints. Thus, the issue of which gene/s at this locus is/are relevant in terms of SCZ pathogenesis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of rare and potentially functionally relevant sequence variants within the Xq28,distal locus to SCZ risk using the single‐molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIP) method. Targeted sequencing was performed in a cohort of 1935 patients with SCZ and 1905 controls of European ancestry. The consecutive statistical analysis addressed two main areas. On the level of the individual variants, allele counts in the patient and control cohort were systematically compared with a Fisher's exact test: (i) for the entire present study cohort; (ii) for patients and controls separated by sex; and (iii) in combination with data published by the Schizophrenia Exome Meta‐Analysis (SCHEMA) consortium. On the gene‐wise level, a burden analysis was performed using the X‐chromosomal model of the Optimal Unified Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT‐O), with adjustment for possible sex‐specific effects. Targeted sequencing identified a total of 13 rare and potentially functional variants in four patients and 11 controls. However, neither at the level of individual rare and potentially functional variants nor at the level of the eight protein‐coding genes at the Xq28,distal locus was a statistically significant enrichment in patients compared to controls observed. Although inconclusive, the present findings represent a step toward improved understanding of the contribution of X‐chromosomal risk factors in neuropsychiatric disorder development, which is an underrepresented aspect of genetic studies in this field.
Electronic Modulation and Symmetry‐Breaking Engineering of Single‐Atom Catalysts Driving Long‐Cycling Li−S Battery
Authors: Zhang Fanchao , Tang Zihuan , Zhang Tengfei , Xiao Hong , Zhuang Huifeng , Han Pinyu , Zheng Lirong , Jiang Lei , Gao Qiuming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient and durable single‐atom catalysts is vitally important for the sulfur redox reaction (SROR) in Li−S battery, while it remains enormous challenging. Herein, undercoordinated Ni−N3 moieties anchored on N,S‐codoped porous carbon (Ni−NSC) is obtained to enhance the SROR. The experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that the symmetry‐breaking charge transfer in Ni single‐atom catalyst originates from tuning effect of sulfur atoms mediated Ni−N3 moieties, which can both facilitate the chemical adsorption by formation of N−Ni⋅⋅⋅Sn2−, and achieve a rapid redox conversion of polysulfides because of the enhanced electron transfer. As results, the Ni−NSC based Li−S battery delivers a very high initial reversible capacity (1025 mAh g−1 at 1 C), as well as outstanding cycling‐stability for 2400 cycles at 2 C and 3 C, respectively. Noteworthy, the areal capacity can reach 7.8 mAh cm−2 at 0.05 C and a retention capacity of 4.7 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C for Ni−NSC based Li−S battery with sulfur loading of 5.88 mg cm−2. This work provides profound insight for rational optimizing microscopic electronic density of active site to promoting SROR in metal‐sulfur batteries.
Modulating Core Polarity in Metal‐free Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Mehta Shivangi , Elmerhi Nada , Kaur Sukhjot , Mohammed Abdul Khayum , Nagaiah Tharamani C. , Shetty Dinesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTuning the charge density at the active site to balance the adsorption ability and reactivity of oxygen is extremely significant for driving a two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Herein, we have highlighted the influence of intermolecular polarity in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) on the efficiency and selectivity of electrochemical H2O2 production. Different C3 symmetric building blocks have been utilized to regulate the charge density at the active sites. The benzene‐cored COF, which exhibits reduced polarity than the triazine‐cored COF, displayed enhanced performance in H2O2 production, achieving 93.1 % selectivity for H2O2 at 0.4 V with almost two‐electron transfer and a faradaic efficiency of 90.5 %. In‐situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) were employed to confirm H2O2 generation and analyze spatial reactivity patterns. These techniques provided detailed insights into localized catalytic behavior, emphasizing the influence of core polarity.