bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The formation of a Spitzer bubble RCW 79 triggered by a cloud–cloud collision
Authors: Ohama Akio , Kohno Mikito , Hasegawa Keisuke , Torii Kazufumi , Nishimura Atsushi , Hattori Yusuke , Hayakawa Takahiro , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Sano Hidetoshi , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Tachihara Kengo , Fukui Yasuo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of O-star formation is one of the most important current issues in astrophysics. Also an issue of keen interest is how O stars affect their surroundings and trigger secondary star formation. An ${\rm H\,\small{II}}$ region RCW 79 is one of the typical Spitzer bubbles alongside RCW 120. New observations of CO J = 1–0 emission with Mopra and NANTEN2 revealed that molecular clouds are associated with RCW 79 in four velocity components over a velocity range of 20 km s−1. We hypothesize that two of the clouds collided with each other and the collision triggered the formation of 12 O stars inside the bubble and the formation of 54 low-mass young stellar objects along the bubble wall. The collision is supported by observational signatures of bridges connecting different velocity components in the colliding clouds. The whole collision process happened over a timescale of ∼3 Myr. RCW 79 has a larger size by a factor of 30 in the projected area than RCW 120 with a single O star, and the large size favored formation of the 12 O stars due to the greater accumulated gas in the collisional shock compression.
Ensuring Access to Quality Health Care in Vulnerable Communities
Authors: Bhatt Jay , Bathija Priya 
Published: April 2018

For millions of Americans living in vulnerable rural and urban communities, their hospital is an important, and often their only, source of health care. As transformation in the hospital and health care field continues, some communities may be at risk of losing access to health care services and the opportunities and resources they need to improve and maintain their health. Integrated, comprehensive strategies to reform health care delivery and payment, within which vulnerable communities can make individual choices based on their needs, support structures, and preferences, are needed.
In this Invited Commentary, the authors outline characteristics and parameters of vulnerable communities as well as the essential health care services that hospitals should strive to maintain locally identified by the American Hospital Association Task Force on Ensuring Access in Vulnerable Communities. They also describe four of nine emerging strategies—recommended by the task force—to reform health care delivery and payment and allow hospitals to provide the essential health care services, along with implementation barriers and how to address them. While this Invited Commentary focuses on vulnerable communities, the four highlighted strategies (addressing the social determinants of health, adopting new and innovative virtual care strategies, designing global budgets, and using inpatient/outpatient transformation strategy), as well as the other five strategies, may have broader applicability for all communities.
Memories of Infant Pain in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Influence Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Mothers of Infants Born Preterm
Authors: Vinall Jillian , Noel Melanie , Disher Timothy , Caddell Kim , Campbell-Yeo Marsha 
Published: April 2018

Objectives:
The birth of a preterm infant and witnessing ones’ infant in pain is remembered by parents as being one of the most stressful aspects of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are highly prevalent among mothers of preterm infants, however, little is known about mothers’ memories of invasive procedures in the NICU and how these memories may contribute to the development of PTSS. We examined the relationships between number of invasive procedures, mothers’ memories of these procedures, and their PTSS at discharge from the NICU.

Materials and Methods:
Participants included 36 mothers of infants born below 37 weeks gestational age recruited from a tertiary-level NICU. Medical chart review was performed between birth and discharge from the NICU. At discharge, a research nurse conducted a structured memory interview with the mothers to assess their memories of their infants’ invasive procedures. Mothers also completed a self-report measure of PTSS (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM-5).

Results:
Mothers of infants exposed to greater numbers of invasive procedures had more elevated PTSS at discharge (R
2=0.37). Moreover, mothers who recalled having greater anxiety about their infant’s invasive procedures had greater symptoms of reexperiencing (R
2=0.34) and avoidance (R
2=0.28) at discharge from the NICU.

Discussion:
Greater neonatal exposure to invasive procedures and mothers’ recall of these procedures were related to mothers’ posttraumatic stress symptomatology at discharge. Invasive procedures in the NICU represent an important target area for neonatal intervention to reduce maternal distress and improve outcomes.
The Analgesic and Emotional Response to Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion in the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia
Authors: Liu Hui , Lu Fan , Zhou Dan , Yin Yan , Li Jun , Yang BangXiang , Song Li , Ye Ling , Xiao Hong 
Published: April 2018

Objectives:
This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy and emotional response to intravenous lidocaine infusion compared with placebo in patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).

Methods:
In this randomized, double-blinded study, patients with PHN received 5 mg/kg intravenous lidocaine infusion or placebo. The primary outcome was pain measured by Visual Analogue Scale, Von Frey, and area of allodynia. Moreover, emotional status of anxiety and depression were evaluated by Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Quality of life was assessed by Short Form Health Survey 36.

Results:
In total, 197 patients were enrolled and eligible data were collected from 183 of those patients. The Visual Analogue Scale scores were reduced to a minimum at 2 weeks (2.74, 2.99) after infusion, but no significant difference was found between the lidocaine and placebo groups. Similar changes were also found in mechanical pain threshold and area of allodynia. However, the lidocaine group was associated with a statistically significant reduction in consumption of analgesics with a relative risk of 6.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.24-17.16). Lidocaine infusion also significantly improved the anxiety and depression status; the values of mean change in anxiety and depression were 3.89 (95% CI, 1.43-6.35) and 4.3 (95% CI, 0.63-7.98), respectively, at 2 weeks. Moreover, improvement was exhibited in Short Form Health Survey 36 health status, with the mean change of 49.81 (95% CI, 28.17-71.46) at 1 week, in particular scores on vitality, physical and emotional role functioning, and mental health.

Conclusions:
The analgesic response of 5 mg/kg lidocaine intravenous infusion is comparable to placebo in patients with PHN, but intravenous lidocaine infusion significantly reduced total analgesic consumption, and improved the overall emotional and health status.
CLINICAL FEATURES OF LACQUER CRACKS IN EYES WITH PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA
Authors: Xu Xian , Fang Yuxin , Uramoto Kengo , Nagaoka Natsuko , Shinohara Kosei , Yokoi Tae , Tanaka Noriko , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
To analyze the morphologic features of lacquer cracks (LCs), compare their detectability by different imaging instruments, and determine their progressive pattern.

Methods:
The medical records of 47 highly myopic eyes of 33 patients with LCs were reviewed. Fundus fluorescein angiography was used as the primary method of identifying LCs, and the detection rate was compared with that by fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography.

Results:
A total of 176 LCs were detected in the 47 eyes. Lacquer cracks were detected more frequently in the temporal (44.3%) than the inferior (30.7%), superior (17.0%), and nasal (8.0%) quadrants of the retina. The detection rate of LCs was 98% in fundus photographs and 85% by fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography. A progression of the LCs was observed in 22 of the 41 eyes with a follow-up period of ≥1 year. The progression patterns were an increase in the number (18 of 41, including 5 eyes in which new LCs had a branching pattern), elongation (4 of 41), and progression to patchy atrophy (6 of 41).

Conclusion:
Lacquer cracks can be detected noninvasively by fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography; however, improvements are necessary to detect all of the lesions. Lacquer cracks frequently progress with time, and an increase in the number of LCs was the most frequent progression pattern.
Epicardial, Biatrial Ablation with Integrated Uni-Bipolar Radiofrequency Technology in Stand-Alone Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rosati Fabrizio , Muneretto Claudio , Merati Elisa , Polvani Gianluca , Moltrasio Massimo , Tondo Claudio , Curnis Antonio , Cerini Manuel , Metras Alexandre , Bisleri Gianluigi 
Published: April 2018

Objective Although minimally invasive approaches for surgical treatment of stand-alone atrial fibrillation have gained popularity for the past decade, ablation technology and extensive lesion sets play a major role in the achievement of a successful procedure, especially in presence of persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. We evaluated clinical outcomes after totally endoscopic biatrial epicardial ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation with a novel integrated uni-bipolar radiofrequency device. Methods Forty-nine (49) consecutive patients with stand-alone atrial fibrillation underwent right-sided monolateral thoracoscopic surgical ablation with a novel integrated uni-bipolar radiofrequency energy delivery and temperature-controlled technology. Atrial fibrillation was persistent in 13 (26.5%) of 49 and long-standing persistent in 36 (73.5%) of 49 patients. Mean ± SD age was 60.6 ± 10.3 years. Median duration of atrial fibrillation was 74 months. Mean ± SD left atrial diameter was 44.7 ± 4.0 mm. Results Epicardial en bloc isolation of all pulmonary veins (box lesion) and additional ablation of the right atrial free wall was successfully performed via minimally invasive approach without any intraoperative and postoperative major complications. Intraoperative entrance and exit block was achieved in 77.5% (38/49) and 91.8% (45/49) of patients, respectively. Mean ± SD ablation time was 16.3 ± 4.8 minutes. No intensive care unit stay was required. Postoperative sinus rhythm was achieved in 93.8% (30/32) patients, and no pacemaker implantation was required. At 13 months, 87.7% (43/49) of patients were in sinus rhythm; 71.4% (35/49) were free from antiarrhythmic drugs and 75.5% (37/49) from oral anticoagulation. Conclusions Integrated uni-bipolar radiofrequency ablation technology showed to be effective for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation with a total endoscopic approach. A versapolar suction device with extensive right-left atrial lesion set may further improve outcomes in patients with nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Evolution of Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Andrawes Peter A. , Shariff Masood A. , Nabagiez John P. , Steward Richard , Azab Basem , Povar Natasha , Sarza Mirala , Demissie Seleshi , Sadel Scott M. , Nichols Michele , McGinn Joseph T. 
Published: April 2018

Objective Minimally invasive coronary surgery approach for coronary artery bypass grafting is a safe and reproducible procedure for multivessel revascularization. This study reviewed a single surgeon's experience with minimally invasive coronary surgery coronary artery bypass grafting, including operative time, number of bypasses, and conversion to sternotomy. Methods A prospective database of consecutive minimally invasive coronary surgery coronary artery bypass grafting procedures from 2005 to 2013 was reviewed. A small anterolateral left thoracotomy allowed left internal mammary artery harvest, proximal anastomoses on the ascending aorta, and distal coronary anastomoses. Early cases were compared with the later cases, focusing on grafting strategies that led to a standardized approach with Propensity Score Matching analysis. Results Seven hundred consecutive cases were divided into early (1–200) and late (201–700) groups. In the late group, the number of triple-vessel disease patients trended higher (50% vs. 57%, P = 0.0674) and the number of bypasses increased (2.3 ± 0.8 vs. 2.7 ± 1.0, P < 0.0001). Conversion to sternotomy significantly decreased between the groups (6% vs. 0.6%, P < 0.0001). There was no difference in rate of postoperative complications between the groups except for prolonged intubation (10% vs. 5%, P = 0.0236) and shortened length of stay (5.9 ± 6.7 vs. 5.5 ± 6.0, P = 0.0268). Propensity score matching analysis (n = 177) was significant for total bypass performed and time per bypass ( P < 0.05). The late group was further divided into subgroups of one hundred each (subgroup 1 through 5). Operative times differed significantly (subgroup 1: 249 ± 71.2, subgroup 2: 259 ± 85.8, subgroup 3: 244 ± 71.0, subgroup 4: 270 ± 58.4, and subgroup 5: 246 ± 47.9, P < 0.005). Conclusions As experience with minimally invasive coronary surgery coronary artery bypass grafting increased, the ideal sequence of steps to optimize surgical outcome was defined. The number of bypassed vessels increased and the operative time and conversion to sternotomy decreased.
A Phase 1 Study of a Novel Bidirectional Perfusion Cannula in Patients Undergoing Femoral Cannulation for Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Marasco Silvana F. , Tutungi Elli , Vallance Shirley A. , Udy Andrew A. , Negri Justin C. , Zimmet Adam D. , McGiffin David C. , Pellegrino Vincent A. , Moshinsky Randall A. 
Published: April 2018

Objective Leg ischemia is a serious complication of femoral artery cannulation. The primary aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel bidirectional femoral arterial cannula (Sorin Group USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of LivaNova PLC, Arvada, CO USA) that provides both antegrade and retrograde flow, in patients undergoing peripheral cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery. Methods Patients undergoing routine cardiac surgery requiring femoral artery cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass were identified preoperatively. Informed written consent was obtained in all cases. Bidirectional cannula insertion used either a surgical cut-down and wire through needle approach or a percutaneous technique. Flow in the superficial femoral artery was assessed using Doppler ultrasound after commencement of cardiopulmonary bypass. Lower limb perfusion was assessed using reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy to measure regional oxygen saturations in the cannulated limb during cardiopulmonary bypass. Results Fifteen patients (median age = 61.3 years, range = 26–79 years, 10 males, 5 females) underwent femoral arterial cannulation using the novel bidirectional femoral cannula between August 2016 and May 2017. Fourteen cannulae were inserted directly into the femoral artery via a surgical cut-down and wire through needle technique. One bidirectional cannula was inserted using a percutaneous insertion technique. Indications included minimally invasive mitral and aortic valve surgery, thoracic aortic aneurysm repair, and redo cardiac surgery. The median duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 129 minutes (range = 53–228 minutes). The cannula was inserted and positioned without difficulty in 14 of 15 patients. Incorrect sizing and arterial spasm prevented correct cannula positioning in one patient. Antegrade flow in the superficial femoral artery was observed on Doppler ultrasound in 12 of 12 patients in which this was performed. Continuous stable distal perfusion was demonstrated in the cannulated limb in 14 of 15 patients. No procedural complications occurred in the immediate or convalescent postoperative period. Conclusions This study demonstrates that in patients undergoing femoral arterial cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery, the use of a novel bidirectional cannula is safe and easy to insert and provides stable distal perfusion of the cannulated limb. Use of the device should largely obviate the need to insert a separate downstream perfusion cannula or use other techniques to protect against lower limb ischemia. Further research on a larger scale and in different patient populations is now warranted.
Mice lacking Kcns1 in peripheral neurons show increased basal and neuropathic pain sensitivity
Authors: Tsantoulas Christoforos , Denk Franziska , Signore Massimo , Nassar Mohammed A. , Futai Kensuke , McMahon Stephen B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVoltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are increasingly recognised as key regulators of nociceptive excitability. Kcns1 is one of the first potassium channels to be associated with neuronal hyperexcitability and mechanical sensitivity in the rat, as well as pain intensity and risk of developing chronic pain in humans. Here, we show that in mice, Kcns1 is predominantly expressed in the cell body and axons of myelinated sensory neurons positive for neurofilament-200, including Aδ-fiber nociceptors and low-threshold Aβ mechanoreceptors. In the spinal cord, Kcns1 was detected in laminae III to V of the dorsal horn where most sensory A fibers terminate, as well as large motoneurons of the ventral horn. To investigate Kcns1 function specifically in the periphery, we generated transgenic mice in which the gene is deleted in all sensory neurons but retained in the central nervous system.Kcns1ablation resulted in a modest increase in basal mechanical pain, with no change in thermal pain processing. After neuropathic injury, Kcns1 KO mice exhibited exaggerated mechanical pain responses and hypersensitivity to both noxious and innocuous cold, consistent with increased A-fiber activity. Interestingly,Kcns1deletion also improved locomotor performance in the rotarod test, indicative of augmented proprioceptive signalling. Our results suggest that restoring Kcns1 function in the periphery may be of some use in ameliorating mechanical and cold pain in chronic states.
From the Ground Up: Improving Pregnancy and Birth Experiences Through the Provision of Extraordinary Learning Opportunities in Australia
Authors: Baldwin Adele , Capper Tanya , Rogers Lucy , Wood Elspeth 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
A collaborative project formally titled “Working together to improve pregnancy and birth experiences for women and provide extraordinary learning opportunities for midwifery students” was launched in April 2017, after several years of consultation and planning. The opportunity to adopt an integrated response to the needs of incarcerated pregnant women and the learning needs of midwifery students was identified and supported by the university offering a graduate-entry midwifery program, a women’s correctional center, and a health service in a regional area of Australia. Incarcerated women who are pregnant require pregnancy, birth, and postnatal support distinct from their clinical care, while at the same time, midwifery students need to recruit pregnant women for continuity-of-care experiences. This article presents an overview of the implementation of the pilot project. It also discusses the project team and the challenges and successes of and unanticipated opportunities for practice modification and change.
Endoscopic Electrocautery Incisional Therapy as a Treatment for Refractory Benign Pediatric Esophageal Strictures
Authors: Manfredi Michael A. , Clark Susannah J. , Medford Shawn , Staffa Steven J. , Ngo Peter D. , Hamilton Thomas E. , Smithers C. Jason , Jennings Russell W. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and Aim:Refractory esophageal strictures are rare conditions in pediatrics, and are often due to anastomotic, congenital, or caustic strictures. Traditional treatment options include serial dilation and surgical stricture resection; endoscopic intralesional steroid injections, mitomycin C, and externally removable stents combined with dilation have had variable success rates. Although not as widely used, endoscopic electrocautery incisional therapy (EIT) has been reported as an alternative treatment for refractory strictures in a small number of adult series. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EIT in a pediatric population with refractory esophageal strictures.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients who underwent EIT for esophageal strictures (May 2011–September 2017) at our tertiary‐care referral center. A total of 57 patients underwent EIT. Procedural success was defined as no stricture resection, appropriate diameter for age, and fewer than 7 dilations within 24 months of first EIT session. This corresponded to the 90th percentile of the observed number of dilations in the data. All patients included in the study had at least 2‐year follow‐up.Results:A total of 133 EIT sessions on 58 distinct anastomotic strictures were performed on 57 patients (24 girls). The youngest patient to have EIT was 3 months old and 4.8 kg. There were 36 strictures that met the criteria for refractory stricture and 22 non‐refractory (NR) strictures. The median number of dilations before EIT therapy was 8 (interquartile range [IQR]: 6–10) in the refractory group and 3 (IQR: 0–3) in the NR group. In the refractory group, 61% of the patients met the criteria for treatment success. The median number of dilations within 2 years of EIT in the refractory group was 2 (IQR: 0–4). In the NR group, 100% of the patients met criteria for success. The median number of dilations within 2 years of EIT in the NR was 1 (IQR: 0–2). The overall adverse event rate was 5.3% (7/133), with 3 major (2.3%) and 4 minor events (3%).Conclusions:EIT shows promise as an adjunct treatment option for pediatric refractory esophageal strictures and may be considered before surgical resection even in severe cases. The complication rate, albeit low, is significant, and EIT should only be considered by experienced endoscopists in close consultation with surgery. Further prospective longitudinal studies are needed to validate this treatment.