bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Lamin B1 Reduction in Accelerated Cellular Senescence during Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Saito Nayuta , Araya Jun , Ito Saburo , Tsubouchi Kazuya , Minagawa Shunsuke , Hara Hiromichi , Ito Akihiko , Nakano Takayuki , Hosaka Yusuke , Ichikawa Akihiro , Kadota Tsukasa , Yoshida Masahiro , Fujita Yu , Utsumi Hirofumi , Kurita Yusuke , Kobayashi Kenji , Hashimoto Mitsuo , Wakui Hiroshi , Numata Takanori , Kaneko Yumi , Asano Hisatoshi , Odaka Makoto , Ohtsuka Takashi , Morikawa Toshiaki , Nakayama Katsutoshi , Kuwano Kazuyoshi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Downregulation of lamin B1 has been recognized as a crucial step for development of full senescence. Accelerated cellular senescence linked to mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (MTOR) signaling and accumulation of mitochondrial damage has been implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. We hypothesized that lamin B1 protein levels are reduced in COPD lungs, contributing to the process of cigarette smoke (CS)–induced cellular senescence via dysregulation of MTOR and mitochondrial integrity. To illuminate the role of lamin B1 in COPD pathogenesis, lamin B1 protein levels, MTOR activation, mitochondrial mass, and cellular senescence were evaluated in CS extract (CSE)–treated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC), CS-exposed mice, and COPD lungs. We showed that lamin B1 was reduced by exposure to CSE and that autophagy was responsible for lamin B1 degradation in HBEC. Lamin B1 reduction was linked to MTOR activation through DEP domain–containing MTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR) downregulation, resulting in accelerated cellular senescence. Aberrant MTOR activation was associated with increased mitochondrial mass, which can be attributed to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β–mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. CS-exposed mouse lungs and COPD lungs also showed reduced lamin B1 and DEPTOR protein levels, along with MTOR activation accompanied by increased mitochondrial mass and cellular senescence. Antidiabetic metformin prevented CSE-induced HBEC senescence and mitochondrial accumulation via increased DEPTOR expression. These findings suggest that lamin B1 reduction is not only a hallmark of lung aging but is also involved in the progression of cellular senescence during COPD pathogenesis through aberrant MTOR signaling.
Open fires in Greenland in summer 2017: transport, deposition and radiative effects of BC, OC and BrC emissions
Authors: Evangeliou Nikolaos , Kylling Arve , Eckhardt Sabine , Myroniuk Viktor , Stebel Kerstin , Paugam Ronan , Zibtsev Sergiy , Stohl Andreas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Highly unusual open fires burned in western Greenland between 31 July and
21 August 2017, after a period of warm, dry and sunny weather. The fires
burned on peatlands that became vulnerable to fires by permafrost thawing.
We used several satellite data sets to estimate that the total area burned
was about 2345 ha. Based on assumptions of typical burn depths and
emission factors for peat fires, we estimate that the fires consumed a fuel
amount of about 117 kt C and emitted about 23.5 t of black carbon (BC) and
731 t of organic carbon (OC), including 141 t of brown carbon (BrC). We used
a Lagrangian particle dispersion model to simulate the atmospheric transport
and deposition of these species. We find that the smoke plumes were often
pushed towards the Greenland ice sheet by westerly winds, and thus a large
fraction of the emissions (30 %) was deposited on snow- or ice-covered
surfaces. The calculated deposition was small compared to the deposition from
global sources, but not entirely negligible. Analysis of aerosol optical
depth data from three sites in western Greenland in August 2017 showed strong
influence of forest fire plumes from Canada, but little impact of the
Greenland fires. Nevertheless, CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) lidar data showed that our model
captured the presence and structure of the plume from the Greenland fires.
The albedo changes and instantaneous surface radiative forcing in Greenland
due to the fire emissions were estimated with the SNICAR model and the uvspec
model from the libRadtran radiative transfer software package. We estimate
that the maximum albedo change due to the BC and BrC deposition was about
0.007, too small to be measured. The average instantaneous surface radiative
forcing over Greenland at noon on 31 August was 0.03–0.04 W m−2, with
locally occurring maxima of 0.63–0.77 W m−2 (depending on the studied
scenario). The average value is up to an order of magnitude smaller than the
radiative forcing from other sources. Overall, the fires burning in Greenland
in the summer of 2017 had little impact on the Greenland ice sheet, causing a
small extra radiative forcing. This was due to the – in a global context –
still rather small size of the fires. However, the very large fraction of the
emissions deposited on the Greenland ice sheet from these fires could
contribute to accelerated melting of the Greenland ice sheet if these fires
become several orders of magnitude larger under future climate.
Climatological moisture sources for the Western North American Monsoon through a Lagrangian approach: their influence on precipitation intensity
Authors: Ordoñez Paulina , Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis , Ribera Pedro , Gallego David , Ochoa-Moya Carlos Abraham , Quintanar Arturo Ignacio 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. This work examines the origin of atmospheric water
vapor arriving to the western North American monsoon (WNAM) region over a
34-year period (1981–2014) using a Lagrangian approach. This methodology
computes budgets of evaporation minus precipitation (E−P) by calculating changes in
the specific humidity of thousands of air particles advected into the study
area by the observed winds. The length of the period analyzed (34 years)
allows the method to identify oceanic and terrestrial sources of moisture to the
WNAM region from a climatological perspective. During the wet season, the WNAM region itself is on average the main
evaporative source, followed by the Gulf of California. However, water vapor
originating from the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and terrestrial
eastern Mexico is found to influence regional-scale rainfall generation. Enhanced (reduced) moisture transport from the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of
Mexico from 4 to 6 days before precipitation events seems to be responsible
for increased (decreased) rainfall intensity on regional scales during the
monsoon peak. Westward propagating mid- to upper-level inverted troughs (IVs)
seem to favor these water vapor fluxes from the east. In particular, a
200 % increase in the moisture flux from the Caribbean Sea to the WNAM
region is found to be followed by the occurrence of heavy
precipitation in the WNAM area a few days later. Low-level troughs off the coast of
northwestern Mexico and upper-level IVs over the Gulf of Mexico are also related
to these extreme rainfall events.
Crystallographic preferred orientations of ice deformed in direct-shear experiments at low temperatures
Authors: Qi Chao , Prior David J. , Craw Lisa , Fan Sheng , Llorens Maria-Gema , Griera Albert , Negrini Marianne , Bons Paul D. , Goldsby David L. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Synthetic polycrystalline ice was sheared at temperatures of −5, −20 and
−30 ∘C, to different shear strains, up to γ=2.6,
equivalent to a maximum stretch of 2.94 (final line length is 2.94 times the
original length). Cryo-electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis shows
that basal intracrystalline slip planes become preferentially oriented
parallel to the shear plane in all experiments, with a primary cluster of
crystal c axes (the c axis is perpendicular to the basal plane)
perpendicular to the shear plane. In all except the two highest-strain
experiments at −30 ∘C, a secondary cluster of c axes is
observed, at an angle to the primary cluster. With increasing strain, the
primary c-axis cluster strengthens. With increasing temperature, both
clusters strengthen. In the −5 ∘C experiments, the angle between
the two clusters reduces with strain. The c-axis clusters are elongated
perpendicular to the shear direction. This elongation increases with
increasing shear strain and with decreasing temperature. Highly curved grain
boundaries are more prevalent in samples sheared at higher temperatures. At
each temperature, the proportion of curved boundaries decreases with
increasing shear strain. Subgrains are observed in all samples.
Microstructural interpretations and comparisons of the data from
experimentally sheared samples with numerical models suggest that the
observed crystallographic orientation patterns result from a balance of the
rates of lattice rotation (during dislocation creep) and growth of grains by
strain-induced grain boundary migration (GBM). GBM is faster at higher
temperatures and becomes less important as shear strain increases. These
observations and interpretations provide a hypothesis to be tested in further
experiments and using numerical models, with the ultimate goal of aiding the
interpretation of crystallographic preferred orientations in naturally
deformed ice.
Current Trends in Sex, Race, and Ethnic Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency
Authors: Poon Selina , Kiridly Daniel , Mutawakkil Muhammad , Wendolowski Stephen , Gecelter Rachel , Kline Myriam , Lane Lewis B. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The representation of minorities among medical students has increased over the past two decades, but diversity among orthopaedic residents lags behind. This phenomenon has occurred despite a recent focus by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons on the recruitment of minorities and women.

Objective:
To analyze the impact of recent efforts on diversity in orthopaedic residents in comparison with other surgical specialties from 2006 to 2015.

Methods:
Data from the American Association of Medical Colleges on residents in surgical specialty programs in the years 2006 to 2015 were analyzed. Linear regression models were used to estimate trends in diversity among orthopaedic residents and residents in other surgical specialties. A mixed model analysis of variance was used to compare rates of diversification among different specialties over time.

Results:
Female representation in orthopaedic programs increased from 10.9% to 14.4% between 2006 and 2015. However, the rate of increase was significantly lower compared with other specialties (all P < 0.05) studied, except for urology (P = 0.64). Minority representation in orthopaedics averaged 25.6% over the 10-year period. Residents of Hispanic origin in orthopaedic programs increased (P = 0.0003) but decreased for Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (P < 0.0001). During the same period, white representation increased (P = 0.004). No significant changes were found in African Americans or Asian American representation. Diversity decreased among orthopaedic residents over the period studied (P = 0.004).

Conclusions:
Recruitment efforts have not reversed the sex, racial, and ethnic disparities in orthopaedic residents. Orthopaedics has the lowest representation of women and minorities among residencies studied. The rate of increase in women lags behind all surgical subspecialties, except for urology.
La Competencia en TIC del profesorado no universitario
Authors: Casal Otero Lorena , Fernández Morante Carmen , Cebreiro López Beatriz 
Published: February 2019

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio realizado a nivel estatal centrado en conocer el nivel de competencia en Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) del profesorado no universitario. Concretamente indaga acerca del nivel de competencia para el manejo técnico de las TIC y para su uso didáctico. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo y está en línea con investigaciones realizadas en las últimas décadas centradas en la competencia para el uso de las TIC del profesorado. La muestra se constituye por 469 docentes que en el momento de la recogida de datos estaban realizando cursos de formación continua del Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Enseñanza de la Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT). Los resultados están en línea con las investigaciones realizadas hasta el momento, se ha perpetuado una situación y los esfuerzos que la Administración educativa ha realizado para la dotación de tecnologías no han ido acompañados de la formación necesaria para que el profesorado haya adquirido una competencia en TIC que podamos considerar aceptable
This article presents the results of a study conducted at the state level focused on knowing the level of competence in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) of non-university teaching staff. Specifically, it inquires about the level of competence for the technical management of ICT and for its didactic use. The study is of a descriptive type and is in line with research carried out in the last decades focused on the competence for the use of the ICT of the teaching staff. The sample consists of 469 teachers who, at the time of data collection, were taking continuing education courses from the Union of Workers of the Teaching of the General Union of Workers (UGT). The results are in line with the research carried out so far, a situation has been perpetuated and the efforts that the Educational Administration has made for the provision of technologies have not been accompanied by the necessary training so that the teaching staff has acquired a competence in ICT that we can consider acceptable.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use and Risk of Gastrointestinal and Intracranial Bleeding
Authors: Yuet Wei Cheng , Derasari Dhvani , Sivoravong Jon , Mason David , Jann Michael 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States. Although SSRIs are highly tolerable relative to other antidepressants, they are associated with a number of adverse effects, including increased gastrointestinal tract bleeding and intracranial bleeding. Mechanisms include increased gastric acid secretion and inhibition of serotonin entrance into platelets. Patients with other bleeding risk factors, such as warfarin, clopidogrel, or aspirin use, may be at heightened risk of these adverse effects. The purpose of this article is to review the incidence of gastrointestinal tract bleeding or intracranial bleeding associated with concomitant SSRI use, the proposed mechanisms of, and the potential pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interactions with anticoagulants and antiplatelets. Given the prevalence of SSRI use in the ambulatory setting, osteopathic physicians should be aware of potential drug-drug interactions and the clinical implications of SSRI-associated bleeding risk.
Imaging breast with implants – a Swedish perspective
Authors: Holst Mathilda , Valber Nicole Marina , Dumky Hanna , Ekber Jessica , Fridell Kent 
Published: January 2019

Background: Today, the most common cancer among women in Sweden is breast cancer. To detect and treat cancer at an early stage, women between 40-74 years are offered mammographic screening. However, it is becoming more common with women having breast implants, which causes some difficulties in meeting the image criteria in mammographic screening. Therefore, Eklund’s technique is preferred to optimize the detection of breast cancer for women with breast implants.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report and describe the screening protocol of several mammography clinics for imaging breasts with implants.
Method: A survey with four open questions was distributed, and then interpreted and reported in a quantitative manner. Out of 28 contacted mammography clinics, 24 responded.
Result: The results of the study show that most of the participating clinics were using Eklund´s pushback technique without knowing it. There were significant differences in the selection of projection and compression pressure for the mammographic screening.
Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that guidelines are recommended to ensure that every clinic in Sweden is working evidence-based and that women can be offered equal care.
A new segmentation algorithm for measuring CBCT images of nasal airway: a pilot study
Authors: Zhang Chen , Bruggink Robin , Baan Frank , Bronkhorst Ewald , Maal Thomas , He Hong , Ongkosuwito Edwin M. 
Published: January 2019

Background
Three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the nasal airway space is becoming increasingly important for assessment in breathing disorders. Processing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of this region is complicated, however, by the intricate anatomy of the sinuses compared to the simpler nasopharynx. A gold standard for these measures also is lacking. Previous work has shown that software programs can vary in accuracy and reproducibility outcomes of these measurements. This study reports the reproducibility and accuracy of an algorithm, airway segmentor (AS), designed for nasal airway space analysis using a 3D printed anthropomorphic nasal airway model.

Methods
To test reproducibility, two examiners independently used AS to edit and segment 10 nasal airway CBCT scans. The intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of the nasal airway volume was evaluated using paired t-tests and intraclass correlation coefficients. For accuracy testing, the CBCT data for pairs of nasal cavities were 3D printed to form hollow shell models. The water-equivalent method was used to calculate the inner volume as the gold standard, and the models were then embedded into a dry human skull as a phantom and subjected to CBCT. AS, along with the software programs MIMICS 19.0 and INVIVO 5, was applied to calculate the inner volume of the models from the CBCT scan of the phantom. The accuracy was reported as a percentage of the gold standard.

Results
The intra-examiner reproducibility was high, and the inter-examiner reproducibility was clinically acceptable. AS and MIMICS presented accurate volume calculations, while INVIVO 5 significantly overestimated the mockup of the nasal airway volume.

Conclusion
With the aid of a 3D printing technique, the new algorithm AS was found to be a clinically reliable and accurate tool for the segmentation and reconstruction of the nasal airway space.
Optimizing influenza vaccine policies for controlling 2009-like pandemics and regular outbreaks
Authors: Chen Sheng-I , Wu Chia-Yuan , Wu Yu-Hsuan , Hsieh Min-Wei 
Published: January 2019

Background
This study examined the effectiveness of various vaccine policies against influenza. The transmission rate was calculated by use of the time-series influenza-like illness case during the year of 2009 and recent epidemics in Taiwan.

Methods
We developed a stochastic compartmental model to analyze the transmission of influenza, where the population was stratified by location and age group, and the vaccine distribution was considered using the current policy. The simulation study compared the previous vaccine policy and a new policy with expanded coverage and various lengths of the vaccination campaign. The sensitivity analysis investigated different levels of vaccine efficacy to confirm the robustness of the recommended policies.

Results
Doubling vaccine coverage can decrease the number of infections effectively in the regular epidemic scenario. However, a peak of infections occurs if the duration of implementing vaccination is too long. In the 2009-like pandemic scenario, both increasing vaccine doses and reducing the program’s duration can mitigate infections, although the early outbreak restricts the effectiveness of vaccination programs.

Conclusions
The finding indicates that only increasing vaccine coverage can reduce influenza infections. To avoid the peak of infections, it is also necessary to execute the vaccination activity immediately. Vaccine efficacy significantly impacts the vaccination policy’s performance. When vaccine efficacy is low, neither increasing vaccination doses nor reducing vaccination timeframe prevents infections. Therefore, the variation in vaccine efficacy should be taken into account when making immunization policies against influenza.
Thermodynamically Controlled Self‐Assembly of Hierarchically Staggered Architecture as an Osteoinductive Alternative to Bone Autografts
Authors: Liu Yan , Luo Dan , Yu Min , Wang Yu , Jin Shanshan , Li Zixin , Cui Shengjie , He Danqing , Zhang Ting , Wang Tie , Zhou Yanheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOsteoinductive synthetic biomaterials for replacing autografts can be developed by mimicking bone hierarchy and surface topography for host cell recruitment and differentiation. Until now, it has been challenging to reproduce a bone‐like staggered hierarchical structure since the energy change underlying synthetic pathways in vitro is essentially different from that of the natural process in vivo. Herein, a bone‐like hierarchically staggered architecture is reproduced under thermodynamic control involving two steps: fabrication of a high‐energy polyacrylic acid‐calcium intermediate and selective mineralization in collagenous gap regions driven by an energetically downhill process. The intermediate energy interval could easily be adjusted to determine different mineralization modes, with distinct morphologies and biofunctions. Similar to bone autografts, the staggered architecture offers a bone‐specific microenvironment for stem cell recruitment and multidifferentiation in vitro, and induces neo‐bone formation with bone marrow blood vessels by host stem cell homing in vivo. This work provides a novel perspective for an in vitro simulating biological mineralization process and proof of concept for the clinical application of smart biomaterials.
Highly Permeable Skin Patch with Conductive Hierarchical Architectures Inspired by Amphibians and Octopi for Omnidirectionally Enhanced Wet Adhesion
Authors: Kim Da Wan , Baik Sangyul , Min Hyeongho , Chun Sungwoo , Lee Heon Joon , Kim Ki Hyun , Lee Jun Young , Pang Changhyun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAmphibian adhesion systems can enhance adhesion forces on wet or rough surfaces via hexagonal architectures, enabling omnidirectional peel resistance and drainage against wet and rough surfaces, often under flowing water. In addition, an octopus has versatile suction cups with convex cup structures located inside the suction chambers for strong adhesion in various dry and wet conditions. Highly air‐permeable, water‐drainable, and reusable skin patches with enhanced pulling adhesion and omnidirectional peel resistance, inspired by the microchannel network in the toe pads of tree frogs and convex cups in the suckers of octopi, are presented. By investigating various geometric parameters of microchannels on the adhesive surface, a simple model to maximize peeling strength via a time‐dependent zig‐zag profile and an arresting effect against crack propagation is first developed. Octopus‐like convex cups are employed on the top surfaces of the hexagonal structures to improve adhesion on skin in sweaty and even flowing water conditions. The amount of reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets coated on the frog and octopus‐inspired hierarchical architectures is controlled to utilize the patches as flexible electrodes which can monitor electrocardiography signals without delamination from wet skin under motion.