bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Spatial and Temporal Data Aggregation on the Performance of the Multi‐Radar Multi‐Sensor System
Authors: Bayabil Haimanote K. , Fares Ali , Sharif Hatim O. , Ghebreyesus Dawit T. , Moreno Hernan A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the performance of the Multi‐Radar Multi‐Sensor (MRMS) system in capturing precipitation compared to gauge data, and (2) assess the effects of spatial (1–50 km) and temporal (15–120 min) data aggregation scales on the performance of the MRMS system. Point‐to‐grid comparisons were conducted between 215 rain gauges and the MRMS system. The MRMS system at 1 km spatial and 15 min temporal resolutions captured precipitation reasonably well with average R2, root mean square error (RMSE), and percent bias (PBIAS) values of 0.65, 0.5 mm, and 11.9 mm; whereas Threat Score, probability of detection, and false alarm ratio were 0.57, 0.92, and 0.40, respectively. Decreasing temporal resolution from 15 min to two hours resulted in an increase in R2 and a decrease in RMSE, whereas PBIAS was not affected. Reducing spatial resolution from 1 to 50 km resulted in increases in R2 and PBIAS, whereas RMSE was decreased. Increasing spatial aggregation scale from 1 to 50 km resulted in an R2 increase of only 0.08. Similarly, improvement in R2 was only modest (0.17) compared to an eightfold reduction in temporal resolution (from 15 min to two hours). While aggregating data at coarser temporal resolutions resolved some of the under/overestimation issues of the MRMS system, it was apparent even at coarser spatial and temporal resolutions the MRMS system inherently overestimated smaller precipitation events while underestimated bigger events.
Clinical features and risk factors for gout attacks during anti‐tuberculosis treatment: A case‐control study in South Korea
Authors: Ha You‐Jung , Chung Sang Wan , Lee Jae Hyun , Kang Eun Ha , Lee Yun Jong , Song Yeong Wook 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the clinical features and risk factors of gout attacks during anti‐tuberculosis (TB) treatment in South Korea.MethodWe investigated the clinical characteristics of 49 patients who suffered from gout attacks while taking anti‐TB medications. Among them, 25 TB patients having newly developed gout attacks without prior history of gout were set to the gout group. Seventy‐five age‐ and sex‐matched TB patients without gout attacks during anti‐TB therapy were randomly selected as the control group. The demographics, clinical features, and laboratory findings between the two groups were compared to establish risk factors of gout attack during anti‐TB treatment.ResultsThe gout patients had a mean age of 67.7 ± 13.2 years and 39 patients (79.6%) were male. Approximately half of the patients experienced an attack within 2 months of treatment initiation. The attacks typically involved lower extremity joints (87.8%). The serum uric acid (SUA) levels were significantly elevated at 2 and 6 months after starting anti‐TB medication compared with those at baseline. In the case‐control study, the factors associated with gout attack were higher body mass index (BMI), higher pre‐treatment SUA levels, dyslipidemia, and reduced renal function. In the multivariate model, higher BMI, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and pre‐treatment hyperuricemia (SUA ≥ 6.8 mg/dL) were independent risk factors of gout attack while taking anti‐TB medication.ConclusionsPatients with high BMI, CKD, and pre‐treatment hyperuricemia are at a higher risk of gout attack during TB treatment.
The IPO corporate social responsibility information disclosure: Does the stock market care?
Authors: Huang Fangliang , Xiang Lijin , Liu Rongbing , Su Shuling , Qiu Hao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe create textual information indices using corporate social responsibility (CSR) information extracted from IPO prospectuses in China. We use the indices to measure the issuers’ corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate environmental performance (CEP) and assess how the stock market reacts. We find that CSP disclosure is significantly related to the post‐market performance of the firm. Specifically, better CSP disclosure is correlated with higher post‐IPO listing holding period returns among firms that do not disclose donations or environmental expenditures, although the association does not hold for firms that make donations and environmental expenditures. In addition, institutional investors seem to care more about the CEP information for a firm than the CSP information.
Old World camels in a modern world – a balancing act between conservation and genetic improvement
Authors: Burger P. A. , Ciani E. , Faye B. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryOld World camels have served humans in cross‐continental caravans, transporting people and goods, connecting different cultures and providing milk, meat, wool and draught since their domestication around 3000–6000 years ago. In a world of modern transport and fast connectivity, these beasts of burden seem to be out‐dated. However, a growing demand for sustainable milk and meat production, especially in countries affected by climate change and increasing desertification, brings dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) and Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) back onstage and into the focus of animal breeders and scientists. In this review on the molecular genetics of these economically important species we give an overview about the evolutionary history, domestication and dispersal of Old World camels, whereas highlighting the need for conservation of wild two‐humped camels (Camelus ferus) as an evolutionarily unique and highly endangered species. We provide cutting‐edge information on the current molecular resources and on‐going sequencing projects. We cannot emphasise enough the importance of balancing the need for improving camel production traits with maintaining the genetic diversity in two domestic species with specific physiological adaptation to a desert environment.
Homestead tree holdings: Composition, uses and challenges in Checheche Growth Point, South East Lowveld, Zimbabwe
Authors: Thondhlana Gladman , Ruwanza Sheunesu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnderstanding homestead tree holdings is important for developing local conservation and livelihood strategies. However, relative to urban homesteads, tree holdings in rural African homesteads remain little studied, especially in semi‐arid settings. Using ecological and household surveys, this paper examines homestead tree composition, uses and challenges in Checheche, Zimbabwe. In total, 1,594 trees were encountered across 147 homesteads. Nearly, all homesteads (99%) had trees, and most of them were primarily planted for fruits and shade. Fuelwood, traditional medicines, windbreak and homestead decoration were considered as secondary benefits. Overall, tree density was approximately 112 trees/ha, with an average of 11 ± 7.1 trees per homestead. Homestead tree holdings were explained by age and gender of respondent, homestead ownership and importance attached to and knowledge of trees. Challenges to tree planting mentioned include termites, diseases, livestock damage, high temperatures, water shortages and poor quality soils. Overall, this study shows that homestead tree planting is widespread in semi‐arid rural settings but constraints to tree planting ought to be addressed to optimise the benefits from trees. Further research is needed to fully understand the socioecological context that explains tree survival, as a basis for developing interventions for enabling homestead tree planting.
Prevention of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Fitzgerald J. P. , Fedoruk K. A. , Jadin S. M. , Carvalho B. , Halpern S. H. 
Published: September 2019

SummarySpinal anaesthesia for caesarean section commonly causes maternal hypotension. This systematic review and network meta‐analysis compared methods to prevent hypotension in women receiving spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. We selected randomised controlled trials that compared an intervention to prevent hypotension with another intervention or inactive control by searching MEDLINE and Embase, Web of Science to December 2018. There was no language restriction. Two reviewers extracted data on trial characteristics, methods and outcomes. We assessed risk of bias for individual trials (Cochrane tool) and quality of evidence (GRADE checklist). We assessed 109 trials (8561 women) and 12 different methods that resulted in 30 direct comparisons. Methods ranked by OR (95%CI) from most effective to least effective were: metaraminol 0.11 (0.04–0.26); norepinephrine 0.13 (0.06–0.28); phenylephrine 0.18 (0.11–0.29); leg compression 0.25 (0.14–0.43); ephedrine 0.28 (0.18–0.43); colloid given before induction of anaesthesia 0.38 (0.24–0.61); angiotensin 2, 0.12 (0.02–0.75); colloid given after induction of anaesthesia 0.52 (0.30–0.90); mephentermine 0.09 (0.01–1.30); crystalloid given after induction of anaesthesia 0.78 (0.46–1.31); and crystalloid given before induction of anaesthesia 1.16 (0.76–1.79). Phenylephrine caused maternal bradycardia compared with control, OR (95%CI) 0.23 (0.07–0.79). Ephedrine lowered umbilical artery pH more than phenylephrine, standardised mean difference (95%CI) 0.78 (0.47–1.49). We conclude that vasopressors should be given to healthy women to prevent hypotension during caesarean section with spinal anaesthesia.
Graph analysis of DTI‐based connectome: decreased local efficiency of subcortical regions in PE patients with high sympathetic activity
Authors: Chen J. , Huang X. , Lu C. , Liu T. , Dai Y. , Yao Z. , Chen Y. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionHyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system was considered as one of the factors involved in the pathological mechanisms of premature ejaculation (PE). Sympathetic skin response of the penis (PSSR) was used to evaluate the activity of sympathetic innervations in the penis, which was controlled by the central nervous system (brain). Shorter PSSR was found in PE patients; however, little was known regarding the central neural mechanisms of PE patients with high sympathetic activity.MethodsPSSR of PE patients was evaluated, and diffusion tensor images of participants were collected. Graph theoretical analysis was employed to examine the differences of the topological properties of structural brain connectome between PE patients with high sympathetic activity and healthy controls (HCs). Moreover, the relationships between topological characteristics and clinical features in PE patients were also explored.ResultsDecreased local efficacy was found in the left amygdala, right pallidum and thalamus in the white matter brain networks of PE when compared with HC (survived false discovery rate (FDR) correction). In addition, PE patients showed decreased global efficacy in the left amygdala and right rolandic operculum, supramarginal gyrus, heschl gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, pallidum and thalamus; however, these results did not survive FDR correction. Finally, the local efficacy of right thalamus had a positive correlation with the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) scores, while the local efficacy of left amygdala was negatively associated with the state score of the state‐trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and penile shaft sensory threshold.ConclusionThe results highlighted the abnormal topological properties of structural brain connectome in PE with high sympathetic activity. We also suggested that the clinical features of PE were related to the abnormality of several brain regions involved in the central control of ejaculation and emotion. This study provided new insights into the central neural mechanisms of PE, which might offer biological markers for understanding the physiopathology of PE.
Sarcopenic obesity and post‐operative morbidity after pancreatic surgery: a cohort study
Authors: Ratnayake Chathura B. B. , Wells Cameron , Olsson Magda , Windsor John A. , Pandanaboyana Sanjay 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral indices of sarcopenia (SARC) exist in the literature, however, there is no consensus as to the best SARC index to predict post‐operative morbidity following pancreatic surgery.MethodsA prospectively collected database was reviewed in a single institution including a total of 89 consecutive patients who had undergone pancreatic resection between 2015 and 2018.ResultsA total of 89 patients comprised the cohort. Seventy‐one percent (63/89) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. SARC was identified in 49 patients (55%) using psoas muscle index, 44 patients (49%) using the skeletal muscle index and 25 patients (28%) using the skeletal muscle attenuation. Post‐operative morbidity did not differ between SARC and non‐SARC (NSARC) patients using all three preoperative computed tomography measures (skeletal muscle index SARC 64%, 28/44, NSARC 64%, 29/45, P = 1.000; psoas muscle index SARC 63%, 31/49, NSARC 65%, 26/40, P = 0.810; skeletal muscle attenuation SARC 17/25, NSARC 40/64, P = 0.247). However, sarcopenic obesity was a significant independent risk factor for overall post‐operative morbidity on multivariate analysis (odds ratio 1.241 (SE 0.608), P = 0.041) with the highest specificity (81%).ConclusionPreoperative sarcopenic obesity can be an important independent predictor of post‐operative morbidity following pancreatic resection. There remains a need for standardization of SARC indices.
Early fluid overload was associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and more aggressive parameters in critically ill paediatric patients
Authors: Laroque Sinott Lopes Clarice , Unchalo Eckert Guilherme , Sica da Rocha Taís , Fontela Patrícia S. , Pedro Piva Jefferson 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimWe evaluated the influence of early fluid overload on critically ill children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit by examining mechanical ventilation (MV), mortality, length of stay and renal replacement therapy.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study covered January 2015 to December 2016 and focused on all episodes of MV support that exceeded 24 hours. The fluid overload percentage (FO%) was calculated daily for the first 72 hours and we estimated its effect on outcomes.ResultsWe included 186 MV episodes in 154 patients. The median age was 13.8 months, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 3.8‐34.0 months, and the mortality rate was 12.4%. The median FO% in the first 72 hours was 8.0% (IQR 3.6%‐11.2%). An FO% of ≥10% was associated with higher ventilatory parameters, namely peak inspiratory pressure (P = .023) and positive end expiratory pressure (P = .003), and renal replacement therapy (P = .02) and higher mortality (8.8% vs 19.7%). In a multivariate Cox regression model, FO ≥ 10% at 72 hours was independently associated with longer MV support, but not mortality (P = .001).ConclusionIn a heterogeneous paediatric population given MV, an early cumulative FO of ≥10% was associated with more aggressive ventilatory parameters and prolonged length of MV, but not mortality.
Editorial: understanding differences in patient response to ondansetron in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea—are we any closer? Authors' reply
Authors: Gunn David , Garsed Klara , Lam Ching , Singh Gulzar , Lingaya Melanie , Wahl Verena , Niesler Beate , Henry Amanda , Hall Ian , Whorwell Peter , Spiller Robin 
Published: September 2019

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Gunn et al and Black et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15420 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15455.
Letter: predictors of survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt—what should we assess by ultrasound?
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Yang Xiaomin , Chen Jin , Zhao Shenggang , Xu Jianjiang , Liang Chun 
Published: September 2019

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Armstrong et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15164.
Letter: metformin reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients. Authors' reply
Authors: Vilar‐Gomez Eduardo , Chalasani Naga 
Published: September 2019

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Vilar‐Gomez et al and Huo et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15331 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15467.
Letter: metformin treatment and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Authors’ reply
Authors: Vilar‐Gomez Eduardo , Chalasani Naga 
Published: September 2019

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Vilar‐Gomez and et al and Dogru et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15331 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15462.
The responsibilities of the engaged bioethicist: Scholar, advocate, activist
Authors: Scully Jackie Leach 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe work of a bioethicist carries distinctive responsibilities. Alongside those of any worker, there are responsibilities associated with giving guidance to practitioners, policy makers and the public. In addition, bioethicists are professionally exposed to and required to identify situations of moral trouble, and as a result may find themselves choosing to work as advocates or activists, with responsibilities that are distinct from those generally acknowledged within academia. The requirement for bioethics to make normative judgements entails taking a stance, which means there cannot be a sharp line between ‘academic’ or ‘objective’ bioethics, and advocacy/activism, but a continuum of bioethicists’ engagement and an associated continuum of responsibilities.
From data to personal user models for life‐long, life‐wide learners
Authors: Kay Judy , Kummerfeld Bob 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs technology has become ubiquitous in learning contexts, there has been an explosion in the amount of learning data. This creates opportunities to draw on the decades of learner modelling research from Artificial Intelligence in Education and more recent research on Personal Informatics. We use these bodies of research to introduce a conceptual model for a Personal User Model for Life‐long, Life‐wide Learners (PUMLs). We use this to define a core set of system competency questions. A successful PUML and its interface must enable a learner to answer these by scrutinising their PUML, aided by its scaffolding interfaces. We aim to give learners both control over their own learning data and the means to harness that data for the important metacognitive processes of self‐monitoring, reflection and planning. We conclude with a set of design guidelines for creating PUMLs. Our core contribution is a way to think about the design and evaluation of learning data and applications so that they give learner control and agency beyond simple data access and algorithmic transparency.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

There is decades of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) research on learner modelling, personalisation and Open Learner Models (OLMs).
There is a growing body of work on Personal Informatics.
What this paper adds

Drawing on the above research, we present a conceptual model showing how learning applications and data repositories relate to a Personal User Model for Life‐long, Life‐wide Learners (PUMLs).
A set of competency questions to inform design and evaluation of PUMLs.
Guidelines for designing interfaces that enable learners to scrutinise and control their learning data and models.
Implications for practice and/or policy

As universities create institutional repositories of learning data, our work takes a complementary, learner‐centred perspective of learning data, applications and repositories.
PUMLs offer a mechanism to support student’s meta‐cognitive processes.
PUMLs go beyond simplistic views of data access and transparency of algorithmic processes—empowering learners to scrutinise their long‐term data and its use.
Failure of abdominal wall closure after intestinal transplantation: Identifying high‐risk recipients
Authors: Cloonan Madeline R. , Fortina Chaeli A. , Mercer David F. , Vargas Luciano M. , Grant Wendy J. , Langnas Alan N. , Merani Shaheed 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOpen abdomen and fascial dehiscence after intestinal transplantation increase morbidity. This study aims to identify recipient and donor factors associated with failure to achieve sustained primary closure (failed‐SPC) of the abdomen after intestinal transplant. We conducted a single‐center retrospective study of 96 intestinal transplants between 2013 and 2018. Thirty‐eight (40%) were adult patients, and 58 were pediatric patients. Median age at transplantation was 36.0 and 5.8 years, respectively. Failed‐SPC occurred in 31 (32%) patients. Identified risk factors of failed‐SPC included preexisting enterocutaneous fistula (OR: 6.8, CI: 2.4‐19.6, P = .0003), isolated intestinal graft (OR: 3.4, CI: 1.24‐9.47, P = .02), male sex in adults (OR: 3.93, CI: 1.43‐10.8, P = .009), and age over four years (OR: 6.22, CI: 1.7‐22.7, P = .004). There was no association with primary diagnosis and prior transplant with failed‐SPC. Donor‐to‐recipient size ratios did not predict failed‐SPC. There was an association between failed‐SPC and extended median hospital stay (100 vs 57 days, P = .007) and increased time to enteral autonomy in pediatric patients. There is a relationship between failed‐SPC and a higher rate of laparotomy (OR: 21.4, CI: 2.78‐178.2, P = .0003) and fistula formation posttransplant (OR: 11.4, CI: 2.83‐45.84, P = .0005) in pediatric patients. Given inferior outcomes with failed‐SPC, high‐risk recipients require careful evaluation.
Insights into the potential host range ofPhytophthora foliorum
Authors: Harris Anna R. , Webber Joan F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDuring a survey forPhytophthora ramorumundertaken in north‐west Scotland in early 2016,Phytophthora foliorumwas found infecting foliage of the invasive shrubRhododendron ponticum. Prior to this,P. foliorumhad only been reported from foliage of hybrid azaleas in nurseries in California and Tennessee and from azalea plants in an ornamental nursery in Spain. No other hosts were known, and much of the behaviour ofP. foliorumremained enigmatic. The species is classified inPhytophthoraClade 8c, with closest relatives,P. ramorumandPhytophthora lateralis, both of which are highly damaging tree pathogens. To explore the threat thatP. foliorummight pose to trees, its growth–temperature responses on agar media and ability to cause lesions in the living bark of various hosts were contrasted with the behaviours ofP. ramorumandP. lateralis.Phytophthora foliorumproved faster growing and more tolerant of temperature extremes than the otherPhytophthoraspecies. Comparisons of bark colonization initially focussed onR. ponticumand larch speciesLarix deciduaandLarix kaempferias all three are significant hosts ofP. ramorumin the UK. Further experiments included anotherP. ramorumhost,Fagus sylvatica(European beech), and the main host ofP. lateralis,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana(Lawson cypress). Findings suggested that as well as being a significant pathogen ofR. ponticum, damage caused byP. foliorumto both species of larch and beech was very similar to that of the EU1 lineage ofP. ramorum, although growth in host tissue was also influenced by season.