bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Metabolism of Intermediate Cities: The Material Flow Analysis, Hinterlands and the Logistics‐Hub Function of Rennes and Le Mans (France)
Authors: Bahers Jean‐Baptiste , Barles Sabine , Durand Mathieu 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAlthough urban metabolism has been a subject of renewed interest for some years, the related studies remain fragmented throughout the world. Most of them concern major cities (megacities and/or national capitals) and, more rarely, intermediate, medium‐sized or small cities. However, urbanization trends show that together with the metropolization process, another one is characterized by the proliferation of intermediate cities.We have studied the metabolism of two French intermediate cities for the year 2012: Rennes Métropole (400,000 inhabitants) and Le Mans Métropole (200,000 inhabitants). To this end, we used material flow analysis (MFA) based on the methodology developed by Eurostat, adapted to the subnational level. This has been made possible by the use, for the first time, of very precise statistical sources concerning freight. We have developed a multiscale approach in order to weigh the urban metabolism of those two cities and to compare it to other cases and larger territories. This allows a better understanding of the specific territorial metabolism of intermediate cities, their hinterlands, and their logistics‐hub function. We conclude with the “urban dimension” of social metabolism, and, thanks to the multiscale approach, to the debate regarding logistical hubs, dematerialization, and territorial autonomy.
Integrating X‐ray mapping and microtomography of garnet with thermobarometry to define theP–Tevolution of the (near)UHPMiędzygórze eclogite, Sudetes,SWPoland
Authors: Majka Jarosław , Mazur Stanisław , Młynarska Maria , Klonowska Iwona , Tual Lorraine , Kośmińska Karolina , Tarasiuk Jacek , Wroński Sebastian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDetailed X‐ray compositional mapping and microtomography have revealed the complex zoning and growth history of garnet in a kyanite‐bearing eclogite. The garnet occurs as clusters of coalesced grains with cores revealing slightly higher Ca and lower Mg than the rims forming the coalescence zones between the grains. Core regions of the garnet host inclusions of omphacite with the highest jadeite, and phengite with the highest Si, similar to values in the cores of omphacite and phengite located in the matrix. Therefore, the core compositions of garnet, omphacite, and phengite have been chosen for the peak pressure estimate. Coupled conventional thermobarometry, averageP–T, and phase equilibrium modelling in theNCKFMMnASHTsystem yieldsP–Tconditions of 26–30 kbar at 800–930°C. Although coesite is not preserved, theseP–Tconditions partially overlap the coesite stability field, suggesting near ultra‐high–pressure (UHP) conditions during the formation of this eclogite. Therefore, the peak pressure assemblage is suggested to have been garnet–omphacite–kyanite–phengite–coesite/quartz–rutile. Additional lines of evidence for the possibleUHPorigin of the Międzygórze eclogite are the presence of rod‐shaped inclusions of quartz parallel to the c‐axis in omphacite as well as relatively high values of Ca‐Tschermak and Ca‐Eskola components. Late zoisite, rare diopside–plagioclase symplectites rimming omphacite, and minor phlogopite–plagioclase symplectites replacing phengite formed during retrogression together with later amphibole. These retrograde assemblages lack minerals typical of granulite facies, which suggests simultaneous decompression and cooling during exhumation before the crustal‐scale folding that was responsible for final exhumation of the eclogite.
Eosinophilic aortitis with thoracic aortic aneurysm and rupture in a captive‐born owl monkey
Authors: Gozalo Alfonso S. , Elkins William R. , Lambert Lynn E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEosinophilic aortitis is a rare condition in animals and humans, and it has been occasionally reported associated with parasitic migration and with a poorly understood complex group of autoimmune vasculitides. Here, we describe a case of eosinophilic aortitis with thoracic aortic aneurysm and rupture in a captive‐born owl monkey and discuss the differential diagnoses.
Development and analytical validation of a radioimmunoassay for the quantification of alpha1‐proteinase inhibitor in serum and feces from the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Parambeth Joseph Cyrus , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to develop and analytically validate a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of alpha1‐proteinase inhibitor (α1‐PI) concentrations in serum and feces from the common marmoset.MethodsSerum samples (n = 30) and 3‐day fecal samples (n = 30) were obtained from healthy marmosets. AnRIAwas established and validated by determination of sensitivity, working range, dilutional parallelism, spiking recovery, and intra‐ and interassay variability. A reference interval for mα1‐PIin serum and feces was established.ResultsSensitivity and upper limit of the working range were 0.75 and 100.62 μg/L, respectively. Observed‐to‐expected (O/E) ratios for serial dilutions ranged from 89.9% to 123.0% (mean ±SD: 106.0 ± 11.5%) for 8 serum samples, and from 90.6% to 132.7% (mean ±SD: 107.6 ± 19.2%) for 4 fecal samples. O/E ratios for spiking recovery ranged from 97.6% to 104.4% (mean ±SD: 101.3 ± 3%) for 4 serum samples, and from 97.5% to 101.4% (mean ±SD: 99.2 ± 1.8%) for 4 fecal samples and 3 different spiking concentrations. Coefficients of variation (CV) for intra‐assay variability for 8 serum samples ranged from 1.7% to 10.6% and 2.2% to 5.1% in the 8 fecal samples. The interassayCVfor eight serum samples ranged from 1.3% to 9.9%, and from 1.0% to 6.7% in the 8 fecal samples. The reference interval in serum was determined to be 1047‐1484 μg/L. The reference interval in serum was determined to be 1047‐1484 μg/L. The reference interval for the 3‐day mean fecal concentration, and 3‐day maximum fecal concentration were determined to be 32.4‐124.4 μg/g and 39.1‐158.7 μg/g of feces, respectively.ConclusionThe developed assay is sensitive, linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical utility of this assay.
Asc‐1 transporter activation: an alternative to rescue age‐related alterations in functional plasticity at rat hippocampal CA3/CA1 synapses
Authors: Billard Jean‐Marie , Freret Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractActivation of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate subtype of glutamate receptor (NMDA‐R) represents a key functional process for memory formation. A decreased synthesis of the NMDA‐R co‐agonist d‐serine was recently proposed to contribute to alterations of hippocampus‐dependent memory mechanisms with ageing. Nevertheless, other pathways could also be involved and thus considered to be targets of interest to prevent cognitive ageing. Herein, we demonstrate that the Asc‐1 subtype of neutral amino acid (nAA) transporters that regulates d‐serine and glycine release from neurons could be viewed as one of these targets. At CA3/CA1 hippocampal synapses, Asc‐1 activation did not modify basal glutamate neurotransmission either in adult or aged rats. In contrast, Asc‐1 activation significantly increased NMDA‐R‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP) in both groups of animals and fully rescued the age‐related LTP deficits. This rescue in aged animals was observed only when Asc‐1 activation was selectively managed by d‐Isoleucine (d‐Ile), but not when less specifically driven by a mixture of nAA. Similarly, while any activation of Asc‐1 improved the isolated NMDA‐R‐induced synaptic potentials in adult rats, only d‐Ile was efficient in aged animals. Taken together, these results strengthen the interest in specifically targeting Asc‐1 transporters to better cure age‐associated memory decline.Open PracticesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Left distal trans‐radial access facilitates earlier discharge post‐coronary angiography
Authors: Coughlan John Joseph , Zebrauskaite Aiste , Arnous Samer , Kiernan Thomas J. 
Published: September 2018

AimsIn 2017, Kiemeneij published a paper on distal trans‐radial artery access for coronary angiography in 62 patients. This paper proposed several advantages to this method. Since this paper was published, several other papers have been published describing this technique, with less than 200 cases in total described. We performed a non randomized control study of left distal trans‐radial access in patients undergoing coronary angiography in our center.MethodsWe prospectively identified patients presenting for coronary angiography to our center for enrolment in this study. We recruited 94 patients (47 ldTRA, 47 age and sex matched controls). Pre‐defined endpoints for the study were as follows: time until radial compression device (RCD) removal, procedural time, radiation dose, fluoroscopy time, and contrast dose.ResultsPatient and procedural characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups. With regard to our primary endpoint, patients undergoing ldTRA required, on average, 69 min less time until removal of the RCD (167.8 ± 30 vs 236.6 ± 63.9 min, P < 0.0001). Procedural length did not vary between groups (28.95 ± 5.89 vs 29.76 ± 8.16 min, P = 0.5824). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in radiation dose area product (5032.66 ± 2740 vs 4826 ± 2796 Gy/cm2, P = 0.7191), contrast dose (82.93 ± 23 vs 92.1 ± 33 mL, P = 0.1215), and fluoroscopy time between the two groups (5.41 ± 3.42 vs 4.82 ± 2.97 min, P = 0.3742).ConclusionsOur study confirms that ldTRA is a feasible technique for diagnostic coronary angiography in a modern cardiac catheterization laboratory. It results in decreased post‐procedure radial artery compression time without increasing procedural time or radiation dose.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients treated with entecavir and peginterferon add‐on therapy for HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B infection: ARES long‐term follow‐up
Authors: van Campenhout Margo J. H. , Brouwer Willem Pieter , Xie Qing , Guo S. , Chi Heng , Qi Xun , Tabak Fehmi , Streinu‐Cercel Adrian , Wang Ji‐Yao , Zhang Ning‐Ping , Idilman Ramazan , Reesink Hendrik W. , Diculescu Mircea , Simon Krzysztof , Akdogan Meral , Mazur Włodzimierz , de Knegt Rob J. , Verhey Elke , Hansen Bettina E. , Janssen Harry L. A. ,   for the ARES Study Group
Published: September 2018

SummaryAddition of peginterferon alpha (PEG‐IFN add‐on) to entecavir (ETV) treatment after a short lead‐in phase results in more response than ETV monotherapy in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB). This study is the first to assess long‐term efficacy of this treatment strategy. Patients who received ETV ± 24 weeks of PEG‐IFN add‐on in a global trial (ARES study) and completed follow‐up were eligible to participate in this observational LTFU study if they had at least one combined HBeAg and HBV DNA measurement beyond week 96 of the ARES study. The primary endpoint was combined response (HBeAg loss and HBV DNA <200 IU/mL) at LTFU. In total, 48 patients treated with PEG‐IFN add‐on and 48 patients treated with ETV monotherapy were included. The median follow‐up duration was 226 (IQR 51) weeks, and 86/96 (90%) patients were initial non‐responders. At LTFU, combined response was present in 13 (27%) vs 11 (23%) patients (P = 0.81), and 1 log10 HBsAg decline in 59% vs 28% (P = 0.02) for PEG‐IFN add‐on and ETV monotherapy, respectively. In 41 initial non‐responders who continued ETV therapy, combined response at LTFU was present in 9 patients (PEG‐IFN add‐on: 5/22 [23%]; ETV monotherapy: 4/19 [21%]). Beyond week 96 of follow‐up, rates of serological response became comparable between PEG‐IFN add‐on and ETV monotherapy. Although in this LTFU study initial non‐responders were overrepresented in the add‐on arm, PEG‐IFN add‐on possibly leads rather to accelerated HBeAg loss than to increased long‐term HBeAg loss rates.
A clarion call for preventing taxonomical errors of dermatophytes using the example of the novelTrichophyton mentagrophytesgenotype VIII uniformly isolated in the Indian epidemic of superficial dermatophytosis
Authors: Nenoff Pietro , Verma Shyam B. , Uhrlaß Silke , Burmester Anke , Gräser Yvonne 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAn alarming pan Indian increase in the incidence of superficial dermatophytosis has been noticed over the past 5‐6 years. Recent studies have demonstrated emerging predominance ofTrichophyton(T.)mentagrophytesas the causative organism in such cases. Interestingly, a distinct Indian genotype ofT. mentagrophyteshas been identified and recognised with the help of sequencing of the ITS region of the rDNA. That has, however, led to a basic confusion owing to the newly introduced taxonomy of dermatophytes in 2017. According to this most recently suggested classification and new taxonomy of dermatophytes, the former “T.mentagrophytescomplex” is differentiated intoT. mentagrophytes(zoophilic strains) andT. interdigitale(anthropophilic strains). We have noticed that in some recent studies the causative agent of the chronic, relapsing dermatophytosis outbreak in India has been described asT. interdigitale. In our opinion, it is very likely that theseT. interdigitalestrains isolated in Delhi and Chennai in India are indeed strains more closely related to the neotype ofT. mentagrophytesand not strains ofT. interdigitale. We therefore want to underscore the importance of a common nomenclature of species in accordance with the new taxonomy of dermatophytes. This would most likely facilitate better understanding of the issue amongst dermatologists and microbiologists in general. Mistaken identification ofTrichophytonisolates not limited to India is very likely to occur due to the lack of appropriate molecular diagnosis which in turn is based on the already published data that presumably wrongly identify one species instead of the other.
DNA methylation dynamics during the interaction of wheat progenitor Aegilops tauschii with the obligate biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici
Authors: Geng Shuaifeng , Kong Xingchen , Song Gaoyuan , Jia Meiling , Guan Jiantao , Wang Fang , Qin Zhengrui , Wu Liang , Lan Xiujin , Li Aili , Mao Long 
Published: September 2018

Summary

DNA methylation is dynamically involved in plant immunity, but little information is known about its roles in plant interactions with biotrophic fungi, especially in temperate grasses such as wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Using wheat diploid progenitor Aegilops tauschii accession AL8/78, the genome of which has been sequenced, we assessed the extent of DNA methylation in response to infection with Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), which causes powdery mildew.

Upon Bgt infection, ARGONAUTE4a (AGO4a) was significantly downregulated in A. tauschii, which was accompanied by a substantial reduction in AGO4a‐sorted 24‐nt siRNA levels, especially for genes near transposable elements (TAGs). Bisulfite sequencing revealed abundant differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with CHH hypomethylation. TAGs bearing CHH‐hypomethylated DMRs were enriched for ‘response to stress’ functions, including receptor kinase, peroxidase, and pathogenesis‐related genes. Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) of a DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLASE 2 (DRM2) homolog enhanced plant resistance to Bgt. The effect of CHH hypomethylation was exemplified by the upregulation of a pathogenesis‐related β‐1,3‐glucanse gene implicated in Bgt defense.

These findings support the idea that dynamic DNA methylation represents a regulatory layer in the complex mechanism of plant immunity, which could be exploited to improve disease resistance in common wheat.
Parental age in relation to the severity of cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: Hermann Nuno V. , Darvann Tron A. , Munch Anders , Kreiborg Sven 
Published: September 2018

Structured AbstractObjectiveTo investigate parental age in relation to the severity of cleft diagnosis in a population‐based consecutive sample of individuals with clefts.Setting/SampleRetrospective, consecutive.Material/MethodsThe sample comprised 545 consecutive cases with nonsyndromic clefts (437 individuals with cleft lip with/without cleft palate [CL ± P] and 106 individuals with isolated cleft palate [CP]) and parental ages recorded. The groups were subdivided according to the extent/severity of cleft. Unilateral clefts were divided according to left/right sidedness. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between parental age and risk of severe cleft separately for CL ± P and CP, as well as between parental age and risk of right‐sided cleft.ResultsIn CL ± P, the risk of a complete cleft in the offspring increases with maternal age when the paternal age exceeds approximately 29 years. Moreover, the risk is higher when both parents are old than when both parents are young. In CP, no statistically significant results were identified. However, there were clear trends that indicated a similar pattern as that for CL ± P. No association was identified between increased parental age and the sidedness of clefts.ConclusionsParental age seems to contribute to cleft severity, as older parents showed a higher risk of having offspring with a complete cleft than younger parents.
Natural history and extracutaneous involvement of congenital morphea: Multicenter retrospective cohort study and literature review
Authors: Mansour Mark , Liy Wong Carmen , Zulian Francesco , Li Suzanne , Morishita Kimberly , Yeh Eluen Ann , Stewart Katie , Laxer Ronald M. , Pope Elena 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundCongenital morphea is a form of localized scleroderma that presents at birth. There is limited information on its presentation and progression.MethodsPatients with congenital morphea were identified from five pediatric dermatology and rheumatology tertiary care centers in Canada, the United States, and Italy from 2001 to 2016. Cases from the literature were identified by searching Ovid (EMBASE and MEDLINE) from inception to June 30, 2017. Disease characteristics and prevalence of extracutaneous involvement were analyzed.ResultsThirteen patients were identified from the five centers, and 13 cases were described in the literature, representing 25 patients, with one duplication. Fourteen patients (56%) were female. Median age at diagnosis was 2.9 years (interquartile range 1.2‐5.1 years). Linear morphea, including en coup de sabre and Parry‐Romberg syndrome, was the most common subtype observed (n = 19, 76%), followed by circumscribed (n = 5, 20%), generalized (n = 2, 8%), and mixed (n = 2, 8%). The face (n = 14, 56%), scalp (n = 8, 32%), and trunk (n = 6, 24%) were the most common locations affected. Most lesions were active at diagnosis (n = 19, 76%), but all patients with follow‐up later became inactive. Extracutaneous involvement was seen in 12 (48%) patients, all of whom had linear morphea. Musculoskeletal sequelae were seen in those with linear morphea of the extremities (4/5, 80%), and neurologic involvement was seen in those with linear morphea of the head (8/13, 62%).ConclusionCongenital morphea is associated with extracutaneous manifestations and delayed diagnosis. More research is needed to determine whether early recognition, monitoring, and treatment can alter the disease course.
Neonatal urticaria: Could it be CAPS?
Authors: Cutts Louise , Parslew Richard , Eustace Karen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA neonatal boy presented with a persistent urticarial rash. Initial investigations showed raised inflammatory markers and evidence of systemic inflammation. A working diagnosis of cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) was made, and the patient responded extremely well to Anakinra. Molecular genetic testing revealed a somatic mutation (affecting 12.5% of cells) in the NLRP3 gene, accounting for the persistent inflammatory state but milder phenotype as seen in our patient.
Management of a rare presentation of Kindler disease with digital constriction bands—Case report
Authors: Ting Jeannette W. C. , Kaur Sarbjit , Ogboli Malobi , Irani Kiri , Jester Andrea 
Published: September 2018

AbstractKindler disease is a type of epidermolysis bullosa associated with acral blistering, diffuse cutaneous atrophy, poikiloderma, mucosal stenosis, and photosensitivity. This is the first case report in the literature to describe constriction bands associated with Kindler disease causing ischemia of the fingertips requiring urgent release and full‐thickness skin grafts. Dermatologists reviewing such patients need to be aware of this condition and refer to a children's hand surgeon early to avoid leaving patients with prolonged periods of pain.
Male sterility induction of sorghum using chemical hybridizing agent TFMSA, trifluoromethanesulfonamide
Authors: Hodnett George L. , Rooney William L. 
Published: September 2018

In sorghum, male sterility has been induced mainly using mechanical and genetic means with minimal use of chemical methods. Mechanical sterility induction is limited to producing small quantities of seed and genetic male sterility is limited to specific germplasm. An effective chemical hybridizing agent could be used to produce large amounts of seed and would not be limited by genotypes. The chemical trifluoromethanesulfonamide (TFMSA) was evaluated as a male gametocide in sorghum. In greenhouse conditions, TFMSA induced varying degrees of male sterility contingent on the dosage, timing of application, and sorghum genotype. If applied at or after the flag leaf emergence, panicles were male fertile but male sterile when applied at least 2 d before the flag leaf emerged. In terms of dosage, 2 mg of TFMSA rendered a BTx623 male sterile if applied 2–6 d prior to flag leaf emergence. However, 30 mg of TFMSA applied as much as 34 d before the flag leaf emerged also induced complete sterility of the panicle. There may be a genotypic effect as less TFMSA was necessary to induce complete male sterility in BTx623 than in BTxArg-1. No phytotoxic effects or reductions in female fertility were observed in dosages of TFMSA up to 40 mg. Germination of hybrid seed made on treated plants was equal to that of the parents and the hybrid seedlings were phenotypically normal. The results indicate that male sterility can be induced effectively in sorghum using TFMSA at appropriate dosages and application timings.
‘Miller's most important geological discovery’: Archibald Geikie (1835–1924) as pupil and memorialist of Hugh Miller (1802–56)
Authors: Taylor Michael A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Hugh Miller, stonemason turned writer, newspaper editor and geologist, became the young Archibald Geikie's friend and geological mentor, encouraged his first research and presentation to a learned society, and recommended him to the Geological Survey, thus laying the foundations for a career that reached the top of British science. Geikie was deeply distressed when Miller died by his own hand. He helped deal with Miller's posthumous publications. He modelled his early writings on those of Miller and wrote attractive and much-quoted pen-portraits of Miller, which are valuable to this day, although also reflecting Geikie's perspective in biography and historiography, now seen as flawed.