bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the local endemism of Magnolia calimaensis (Lozano) Goovaerts: analysis of its genetic diversity and structure
Authors: Bocanegra-González Kelly T. , Aranguren Yani , Fernández-Méndez Fernando 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aims to comprehend the factors that influence local endemism in Magnolia calimaensis, a tree species inhabiting the rain forests of Buenaventura in Colombia, classified as critically endangered with an estimated population of fewer than 100 individuals. A total of 38 individuals were collected from the Bajo Calima and Bahía Málaga localities. Subsequently, microsatellite marker analysis of the species’ genetic diversity and structure were conducted. Nine microsatellites from other tropical Magnolia species amplified in this system, with only seven being variable and functional. The results revealed diminished levels of genetic diversity and notable indices of inbreeding for both populations (He: 0.30 / F: 0.63 for Bajo Calima and He: 0.31 / F: 0.22 for Bahía Málaga). Furthermore, F-Statistics indicate high genetic differentiation between populations (FST=0.42) and low migration (Nm=0.34). Despite the continuity of the rain forests inhabited by the species and the availability of dispersion vectors, the results suggest that its restricted distribution is not related to the landscape. We hypothesize that gene flow and broader distribution are constrained by the species’ reproductive biology. Frequent geitonogamy and self-pollination in Magnolia, along with the potential impact of Lepidoptera parasites damaging floral structures during critical developmental stages, may play a significant role. Future studies should aim to investigate these factors in detail. The genetic results emphasize the urgent need to implement genetic restoration strategies to preserve and ensure the perpetuity of known populations of M. calimaensis.
Torsion and Extension of Functionally Graded Mooney–Rivlin Cylinders
Authors: Fairclough Kesna A. , Batra Romesh C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We analytically study finite torsional and extensional deformations of rubberlike material circular cylinders with the two material moduli in the Mooney–Rivlin relation assumed to be continuous functions of the undeformed radius. It is shown that under null resultant axial load on the end faces the cylinder length increases upon twisting. Furthermore, when the two moduli are affine functions of the radius the inhomogeneity parameters can be found to have the maximum shear stress occur at a pre-determined interior point. Whereas the radial stress is finite at the center of a cross-section of a homogeneous material cylinder, it may have large values for an inhomogeneous material cylinder. The closed-form solutions provided herein for the two moduli having affine, power-law and exponential functions of the radius should benefit numerical analysts verify their algorithms and engineers design soft material robots for improving their performance under torsional loads.
Gambling-Related Harm to Affected Others: Lived Experience Differs by Relationship Type, Gambling Severity, Life Circumstances, and Relationship Factors
Authors: Newall Philip , Rawat Vijay , Hing Nerilee , Browne Matthew , Tulloch Catherine , Russell Alex M. T. , Li En , Rockloff Matthew , Dellosa Georgia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuantitative self-report measures for gambling-related harm experienced by gamblers themselves are established in the literature, whereas similar measures of gambling-related harm to affected others (AOs, a.k.a. concerned significant others) are given less attention. The impact of gambling-related harm varies significantly among different relationship types, such as partners, family members, and friends. Moreover, while many studies concentrate primarily of AOs of individuals meeting the threshold criteria for “problem gambling”, AOs of gamblers with less severe issues can also experience harm. The present work takes a qualitative approach to understanding gambling-related harm as experienced by AOs, by exploring the lived experience of 30 AOs across these three relationship types, and the full spectrum of AO harm according to the Short Gambling Harm Screen for Concerned Significant Others (SGHS-CSO) self-report measure. The results showed that the level of AO harm varied both across and within each relationship type depending on how heavily the gambler gambled, whether the two people gambled together, how close the relationship was, the AO’s level of social support, and also how interdependent the two people’s life situations were. AOs enacted multiple strategies to help reduce harm for the gambler and themselves, or alternatively distanced themselves from the gambler. The findings indicate that SGHS-CSO comparisons may work reasonably well within a given relationship type, but also suggest ways to improve the comparability of measured harm across different AO relationship types.
Characterization of Sodium Thermal Insulation Reaction Product and its Effect on Fatigue Crack Growth in 316 LN Austenitic Steel
Authors: Avinash Ch. S. S. S. , Nanibabu M. , Snehalatha V. , Vetrivendan E. , Polaki S. R. , Rao E. Hemanth , Das Sanjay Kumar , Venkatraman B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThough sodium is the most preferred coolant for fast breeder reactors due to excellent heat transfer capabilities, its high chemical reactivity poses a concern during accidental leaks. Despite defense in depth in various levels for protecting the sodium leaks in the heat transport circuits, small undetected leaks may lead to localized degradation of structural material due to deposition of reaction products in the leak zone. Experiments have been conducted by exposing SS-316 LN specimens to sodium–glass wool interaction zone at 300 °C in air to study the influence of reaction products on chemical composition and crack growth properties. Post-exposure X-ray diffraction analysis of the samples revealed presence of silicates and aluminates of sodium in the outer layers, and complex ternary and quaternary oxides of sodium, iron, chromium and nickel in the inner layers. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed deposition of oxides on the exposed surface. Elemental analysis of the samples carried out by energy-dispersive spectroscopy indicated leaching of major alloying elements like chromium, nickel and iron to a depth of about ~ 25 µm from the exposed surface. Room-temperature fatigue crack growth studies on the exposed specimen shown considerable reduction in crack initiation (threshold) fracture toughness range ΔKth.
Intelligent framework of sustainable cyber-physical services for autonomous manufacturing industries
Authors: Iram Shamaila , Fernando Terrence , Asim Muhammad , Shakeel Hafiz Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProduct Service Systems (PSSs) introduce new business models for enterprises to promote tangible products along with intangible functions or services, thereby incentivising product sustainability with profitability, economic stability and customer satisfaction. However, the unique characteristics of a PSS challenge obsolete product development processes and demand a dynamic change in the complex building blocks of the underlying design and in the development infrastructure to attain high quality services. This implies a need for radical change in the team structure and the team collaboration model, in the organizational structure, technical infrastructure and in the complex process models by taking the complete product life cycle into consideration. This paper, firstly, identifies PSS unique features that challenge the capabilities of existing frameworks to design a standard PSS. In response, new business models are proposed to address the challenges relating to actors’ involvement, technology provision, organizational needs and process workflow modelling. Secondly, these proposed business models are combined into one comprehensive collaborative PSS design and development methodology by modifying existing modelling techniques. An assessment framework based on Goal-Question-Metrics approach and McCall Quality Model is successfully used to evaluate the PSS development methodology and subsequently, the developed framework through a use-case study analysis.
Leveraging 3D printing in microbial electrochemistry research: current progress and future opportunities
Authors: Xu Mingyi , Cobo Miriam Fernandez-Avila , Zeng Danfei , Zhang Yifeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicrobial electrochemical system (MES) offers sustainable solutions for environmental applications such as wastewater treatment, energy generation, and chemical synthesis by leveraging microbial metabolism and electrochemical processes. This review explores the transformative role of 3D printing in MES research, focusing on reactor body design, electrode fabrication, and bioprinting applications. Rapid prototyping facilitated by 3D printing expedites MES development while unlocking design flexibility, which enhances performance in optimising fluid dynamics and mass transfer efficiency. Tailored ink materials further improve the conductivity and biocompatibility of electrodes, paving the way for environmental applications. 3D-printed bio-anodes and bio-cathodes offer enhanced electrogenesis and boosted electron acceptance processes, respectively, by fine-tuning electrode architectures. Additionally, 3D bioprinting presents opportunities for scaffold fabrication and bioink formulation, enhancing biofilm stability and electron transfer efficiency. Despite current challenges, including material selection and cost, the integration of 3D printing in MES holds immense promise for advancing energy generation, wastewater treatment, resource recovery, carbon utilisation, and biosensing technologies.
A tale of two minerals: contrasting behaviors and mitigation strategies of gypsum scaling and silica scaling in membrane desalination
Authors: Tong Tiezheng , Park Shinyun , Yao Yiqun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMineral scaling represents a major constraint that limits the efficiency of membrane desalination, which is becoming increasingly important for achieving sustainable water supplies in the context of a changing climate. Different mineral scales can be formed via distinct mechanisms that lead to a significant variation of scaling behaviors and mitigation strategies. In this article, we present a comprehensive review that thoroughly compares gypsum scaling and silica scaling, which are two common scaling types formed via crystallization and polymerization respectively, in membrane desalination. We show that the differences between scale formation mechanisms greatly affect the thermodynamics, kinetics, and mineral morphology of gypsum scaling and silica scaling. Then we review the literatures on the distinct behaviors of gypsum scaling and silica scaling during various membrane desalination processes, examining their varied damaging effects on desalination efficiency. We further scrutinize the different interactions of gypsum and silica with organic foulants, which result in contrasting consequences of combined scaling and fouling. In addition, the distinctive mitigation strategies tailored to controlling gypsum scaling and silica scaling, including scaling-resistant membrane materials, antiscalants, and pretreatment, are discussed. We conclude this article with the research needs of attaining a better understanding of different mineral scaling types, aiming to inspire researchers to take scale formation mechanism into consideration when developing more effective approaches of scaling control in membrane desalination.
High doses of polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride microplastics affect the microbial community and nutrient status of vineyard soils
Authors: Jez Erika , Pellegrini Elisa , Lemut Melita Sternad , De Nobili Maria , Contin Marco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe escalating use of plastic materials in viticulture causes release of microplastics (MPs) into vineyard soils. This study examines the impact on soil health of polypropylene (PP) raffia and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube strings, commonly mulched into the topsoil after use. A 120-d incubation experiment was conducted with soils exposed to high doses (10 g/kg) of microplastics (MPs) from standard, new and used strings. The study investigated alterations in the microbial community, bioavailability of macronutrients (NH4+ and NO3−, P, K, Ca, Mg), and bioavailability of micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg). The presence of MPs significantly stressed the soil microbial community, reducing microbial biomass by 30% after 30 d, with the exception of PVC in acid soil, which caused an unexpected increase of about 60%. The metabolic quotient (qCO2) doubled in MP-polluted soils, with PVC exerting a more pronounced effect than PP. Basal respiration increased by 25% relative to the acid control soil. PVC MPs raised soil pH from 6.2 to 7.2 and firmly reduced the bioavailability of micronutrients, particularly in acidic soils, and led to a 98% reduction in nitrate (NO3−). The availability of NH4+, P, K, Mg decreased by 10% and Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn by 30%. However, Ca availability increased by 30%, despite shifting from the acid-soluble fraction to soil organic matter and crystalline minerals. Calcareous soil was generally more resilient to changes than the acid soil. These findings underscore the urgent need to investigate the long-term effects of MPs from viticulture on soil properties and health.
Resource Taxes as an Instrument to Foster Circularity? Analysis of the Effects of Resource Taxation on Circular Economy Progress in Europe
Authors: Deserno Linda , Sterk Ellen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe concept of Circular Economy (CE) keeps gaining momentum in political and societal debates as it is considered to contribute to a more sustainable use of natural resources. Policymakers seeking to foster CE progress require adequate regulatory instruments. One instrument often recommended is a tax on the use of natural resources. The present paper analyzes the effects of resource taxation on different CE indicators, especially resource productivity, based on panel data for 30 European countries from 1995 to 2021. The Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator is applied, and the results are checked for robustness using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator. Despite current low levels of resource taxation, the results indicate that resource taxation positively affects resource productivity at least in the short run. The effect differs substantially in different countries. Hence, resource taxation seems to foster circularity, but the results indicate that other factors are of influence and should be considered when designing policies.
Thermodynamic Descriptors for Rapid Search of Compositional Complex Spinodal Alloys with Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Gong H. , Chen Z. Q. , Shang Y. H. , Wang H. , Hu S. J. , Yang Y. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDesigning compositional complex alloys with interconnected nanostructures through spinodal decomposition is promising for achieving advanced alloys with exceptional mechanical and functional properties. However, the lack of equilibrium phase diagrams for such compositional complex alloys has posed a significant challenge. In this study, we address this challenge by first introducing data descriptors derived from instability of solid solutions with ideal mixing and later serving as the basis for developing an artificial neural network (ANN) with other commonly used data descriptors. Using this ANN model, we have successfully designed a series of compositional complex spinodal alloys (CCSAs) within the Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni and Al–Cu–Fe–Mn–Ni system. Furthermore, we extended the ideal mixing model of solid solution instability by considering chemical short-range ordering and elemental de-mixing, which better explains the elemental separation of CCSAs.
An in-depth review of analytical methods for cadmium detection in seawater through graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Anoja N. , De Silva R. C. L. , Prabagar J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal that poses significant risks to marine ecosystems, necessitating accurate trace-level measurement in seawater. Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS) is highly sensitive for detecting Cd but faces challenges due to seawater's complex matrix, which can cause spectral interferences and matrix effects. This review covers the development of GFAAS methods for direct Cd determination in seawater from 1977 to the present, focusing on pre-concentration and matrix modification techniques to address these challenges. Pre-concentration methods enhance detection sensitivity by concentrating large seawater volumes into smaller samples, enabling trace metal analysis. This review evaluates various pre-concentration techniques, including solvent extraction, cloud point extraction, solid phase extraction, hollow fiber-supported liquid membrane extraction and Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction. Each method's advantages, limitations, and applications are discussed. Advancements in matrix modification and furnace programming have also improved direct Cd determination. Matrix modifiers enhance Cd signal intensity and reduce background noise. Background correction techniques, like Zeeman background correction, are crucial for mitigating spectral interferences. The review highlights the effectiveness of these approaches and the potential of temperature-programmed selective volatilization for improved Cd atomization and interference reduction. Future research should focus on developing novel matrix modifiers with better selectivity and minimal interference, and exploring hyphenated techniques like GFAAS-HPLC or GFAAS-ICP-MS for enhanced detection. The review underscores the need for ongoing innovation and the exploration of eco-friendly pre-concentration methods and advanced analytical techniques for accurate Cd detection in seawater, crucial for marine environmental monitoring and management.
Towards a high-resolution sea-ice model: exploring the potential of modelling ice floe fracture with the peridynamic method
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Lu Wenjun , Lubbad Raed , Løset Sveinung , Tsarau Andrei , Høyland Knut Vilhelm 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sea-ice deformation is concentrated at linear kinematic features such as ridges and leads. Ridging and leads opening processes are highly related to sea-ice fracture. Different rheology models have been successfully applied in various scenarios. However, most of the approaches adopted are based on continuum mechanics that do not explicitly model fracture processes. There are emerging needs for a more physically informed modelling methods that explicitly address fracture at the kilometre scale. In pursuing this objective, in this paper we explored the potential of applying a promising mesh free numerical method, peridynamics (PD), in modelling ice floe (~km) fractures. PD offers a physically and mathematically consistent theory through which spontaneous emergence and propagation of cracks can be achieved. The integral nature of the governing equations in PD remains valid even if a crack appears. We numerically investigated in this paper the tensile fracture (e.g. lead opening) of an elastic heterogenous ice floe. The modelling results were compared with published numerical results obtained by another numerical method. The potentials and challenges of PD in this application are discussed and summarized.
Evaluating science: A comparison of human and AI reviewers
Authors: Shcherbiak Anna , Habibnia Hooman , Böhm Robert , Fiedler Susann 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Scientists have started to explore whether novel artificial intelligence (AI) tools based on large language models, such as GPT-4, could support the scientific peer review process. We sought to understand (i) whether AI versus human reviewers are able to distinguish between made-up AI-generated and human-written conference abstracts reporting on actual research, and (ii) how the quality assessments by AI versus human reviewers of the reported research correspond to each other. We conducted a large-scale field experiment during a medium-sized scientific conference, relying on 305 human-written and 20 AI-written abstracts that were reviewed either by AI or 217 human reviewers. The results show that human reviewers and GPTZero were better in discerning (AI vs. human) authorship than GPT-4. Regarding quality assessments, there was rather low agreement between both human–human and human–AI reviewer pairs, but AI reviewers were more aligned with human reviewers in classifying the very best abstracts. This indicates that AI could become a prescreening tool for scientific abstracts. The results are discussed with regard to the future development and use of AI tools during the scientific peer review process.
Do atmospheric rivers trigger tabular iceberg calving?
Authors: Rendfrey Tristan Scott , Bassis Jeremy , Pettersen Claire 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The processes governing iceberg calving from ice shelves remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that anomalous atmospheric moisture transport events – atmospheric rivers – can act as triggers for calving. These conclusions, however, were based on studies of case studies of individual icebergs or ice shelves, making it difficult to determine if this relationship remains apparent when considering a wider set of calving events and ice shelves. Here, we assemble an Antarctic-wide catalog of tabular iceberg calving events to evaluate whether a significant correlation exists between calving and enhancement of total and meridional integrated vapor transport (IVT), a measure of atmospheric moisture transport. We find that ~80% of the calving events in our study occur when metrics of IVT are less than the 90th percentile of their monthly climatologies. However, the remaining ~20% of calving events that occur during periods with short-term enhanced IVT exhibit a statistically significant correlation. The results, however, are regionally dependent, with a statistically significant correlation between enhanced IVT and calving in the Antarctic Peninsula and none in the Amundsen Sea Embayment. This suggests that, although enhanced IVT is not a primary control on the iceberg calving process, enhanced IVT may play a role in triggering calving events under certain conditions.
The creation of a wine entrepôt in 18th-century Boulogne-Sur-Mer: Dedicated commodity chain, politics, and enlightenment economists
Authors: Leary Charlie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article documents the sudden creation of a significant entrepôt for French wine, particularly Bordeaux claret, in Boulogne-Sur-Mer starting in 1720. Scottish Jacobites who practiced a rebellious version of “fair trade” dominated this commerce, and their network had direct links to 18th-century economic thinkers such as Richard Cantillon, Charles de Montesquieu, and David Hume. The research uses social network analysis to analyze and visualize the concurrent networks, which by the 1750s included the French physiocrats. The research shows how politically inspired actions and strategies affected not only the wine entrepôt’s formation but also the circulation of ideas regarding “fair,” “free,” and balanced trade among Franco-British economic theorists. It also documents the formation of a dedicated claret commodity chain as well as the advent of wine product, packaging, and marketing specialization in the 18th century. These Jacobites formed wine trading firms that lasted long after the relevance of their political objectives had waned.