bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of vegetation as a natural strategy for landfill restoration
Authors: Vaverková Magdalena D. , Radziemska Maja , Bartoň Stanislav , Cerdà Artemi , Koda Eugeniusz 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt is well‐known that the disposal of municipal solid waste in landfills has adverse effects on the environment and human health. Restoration of closed landfills is essential to compensate for disturbances in the ecosystem, minimize negative impact on the environment, and ensure safety in further use. It was hypothesized that specific plant succession knowledge can present nature‐based solutions to restore and rehabilitate degraded ecosystems at municipal solid waste landfills. The goal of the 8‐year study was to identify restoration strategies based on vegetation succession. For the vegetation survey, we recorded the vegetation over the period 2007–2015. The study was carried out on the surface of the landfill site. We also used four mathematical models to analyze the increase of plant species over time. During the study period, 195 vascular plant species were recorded. There was a progressive change in plant communities and an increase in biodiversity. What is more, the growth prediction models show that the diversity of plant species over time at the landfill site has an increasing tendency, which has beneficial implications for landfill restoration. During the vegetation survey period, there was no evidence to suggest that the landfill site had a significant impact on the biotic composition of the environment. We can conclude that the health status of plants occurring in the landfill was good. Plants both contributed to and indicated the health of the landfill site and were found to be a convenient and natural component of landfill restoration.
A multiscale approach for investigating the effect of microstructural instability on global failure in granular materials
Authors: Zhao Chao‐Fa , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Hicher Pierre‐Yves 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis paper aims to develop a multiscale approach that has the ability to characterise the influence of microstructural instabilities on global failures in granular materials. For this purpose, the Chang‐Hicher multiscale constitutive relation has been implemented into a finite element code, and the expression of the second‐order work, as an indicator of the material instability, has been computed at the interparticle contact scale, at the representative element volume scale, and at the boundary value problem scale. At the global scale, the second‐order work can be obtained through the integration of that obtained at interparticle contacts. Hence, it becomes possible to analyse the range of instability from the microstructure to the macrostructure. Drained and undrained triaxial tests were numerically simulated. With this method, it was demonstrated that the grain‐scale origin of the specimen instability was well captured. Additionally, biaxial tests were conducted and the onsets of localised and diffuse failure in granular assemblies were successfully predicted. The transition from diffuse to localised failure was demonstrated at different scales, whereby the coincidence between the direction of local instabilities and the direction of the shear band became evident. The influence of the boundary conditions and of the heterogeneity of the initial porosity on the failure mode of granular materials was also analysed. All these examples demonstrate that the developed multiscale approach can characterise in a satisfactory manner the influence of instability at the inter‐grain contacts upon the global failure of granular assemblies.
Hospital Nutrition Assessment Practice 2016 Survey
Authors: Mogensen Kris M. , Bouma Sandra , Haney Amanda , Vanek Vincent W. , Malone Ainsley , Quraishi Sadeq A. , Guenter Peggi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is a significant problem for hospitalized patients in the United States. Nutrition assessment is an important step in recognizing malnutrition; however, it is not always performed using consistent parameters.MethodsA survey among U.S. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) members was conducted to collect data on nutrition assessment parameters used in hospitals and to establish how facilities use their electronic health record (EHR) to permit data retrieval and outcome reporting.ResultsThe survey was developed by the ASPEN Malnutrition Committee and was sent to 5487 U.S. ASPEN members, with 489 responding for a 9% response rate. Ninety‐eight percent of adult and 93% of pediatric respondents indicated a registered dietitian completed the nutrition assessment following a positive nutrition screen. Variables most frequently used among adult respondents included usual body weight, ideal body weight, and body mass index. Among pediatric respondents, weight‐for‐age and height‐for‐age percentiles and length/height‐for‐age percentile were most frequently used. Both adult and pediatric respondents indicated use of physical assessment parameters, including muscle and fat loss and skin assessment. Eighty‐seven percent of adult and 77% of pediatric respondents indicated they are using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (Academy) and ASPEN Consensus Malnutrition Characteristics for Adult and Pediatric Malnutrition, respectively. Overall, 97% of respondents indicated nutrition assessment documentation was completed via an EHR. Of all respondents, 61% indicated lack of clinical decision support within their EHR.ConclusionThis survey demonstrated significant use of the Academy/ASPEN malnutrition consensus characteristics.
Developing nurse match: A selection tool for evoking and scoring an applicant's nursing values and attributes
Authors: McNeill Colin , Erskine Allen , Ellis Roger , Traynor Marian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo develop an instrument (Nurse Match: NM) for assessing a candidate's nursing values, their meaning, relative importance and emotional significance. Candidate's values to be scored against professionally preferred nursing values effectively and efficiently.DesignA case study‐based qualitative process with quantified output. Perception of self and others in relevant contexts using bi‐polar value dimensions.MethodsRespondents (N = 63) were first year nursing students completed the instrument and a feedback questionnaire. Data were analysed and scored by ipseus software using algorithm defined parameters. Statistical analysis: Minitab 17.ResultsThe instrument

discriminated effectively and efficiently between year one nurses in terms of the professional quality of their inherent nursing values and attributes;
created suitability scores (STOT scores) for candidate screening purposes;
suitability scores closely approximated normal distributions;
was valid and reliable: robust in quantitative and qualitative terms;
was administered, scored and interpreted in a standard manner;
was easy to understand and complete and well received by participants.
The NM instrument offers a standardized, effective, user friendly, screening process for values and attributes. Development work with a group of actual applicants is required. NM is complementary to other modes of assessment.
Count data monitoring: Parametric or nonparametric?
Authors: Wang Zhiqiong , Qiu Peihua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCount data are common in practice, ranging from security protection, disease surveillance, to quality monitoring of a production process. To describe the distribution of a count data, we usually use a Poisson probability model or a similar parametric model (eg, a negative binomial model). In practice, however, such a parametric model may not be able to describe the distribution of a count data well in some cases, because the count data are often affected by some confounding factors and such a confounding impact is difficult to accommodate by the parametric model. In this paper, we study the count data monitoring problem and the consequence to use a parametric control chart in cases when the underlying parametric distribution model is invalid. On the basis of that study, we suggest using nonparametric charts to monitor count data when it is uncertain that the count data can be described well by a parametric distribution model.
Optical and Photosensitizing Properties of Spiro(dipyridinogermole)(dithienogermole)s with Eletron‐Donating Amino and Electron‐Withdrawing Pyridinothiadiazole Substituents
Authors: Ohshita Joji , Hayashi Yuya , Adachi Yohei , Enoki Toshiaki , Yamaji Kosuke , Ooyama Yousuke 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThree spiro(dipyridinogermole)(dithienogermole) (sDPyG) derivatives with conjugated substituents on the dithienogermole system were synthesized. sDPyG with highly conjugated dithienylbenzothiadiazole substituents (4) showed moderate photoluminescence (PL) behavior with quantum yields of 15–17%, regardless of the solvent (chloroform, THF, or 1,4‐dioxane). In contrast, PL quantum yields of sDPyGs with relatively less conjugated triphenylamine and phenylcarbazole substituents, respectively (5 and 6), were decreased in polar solvents without significant solvatochromic shifts of the PL bands. This seems to indicate that the photo‐induced electron transfer took place in 5 and 6. The sDPyGs were also examined as photosensitizers for singlet oxygen (1O2) generation. The first‐order rate constant for the 1O2 generation of 6 was kobs=0.048/min, comparable to that of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP, 0.056/min), a typical photosensitizer for 1O2 generation. The quantum yield of the 4‐sensitized 1O2 generation was also determined to be 0.37.
Azidoacetic Acid Amides in the Synthesis of Substituted Arylidene‐1‐H‐imidazol‐5‐(4H)‐ones
Authors: Zaitseva Snizhana O. , Golodukhina Svetlana V. , Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Levina Evgenia A. , Smirnov Alexander Yu. , Zagudaylova Marina B. , Baranov Mikhail S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present a novel efficient method for the synthesis of substituted arylidene‐1‐H‐imidazol‐5‐(4H)‐ones based on the use of azidoacetic acid amides. The proposed approach was successfully used for the preparation of three rows of target substances with different substituents in the imidazolone ring and benzylidene moiety. The presented methodology tends to be multipurpose and convenient for the introduction of substituents in any position.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Multicomponent Synthesis of Novel Chromeno‐Annulated Pyrrolizine and Thiazolizine Scaffolds via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Karmakar Rajiv , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the construction of chromeno annulated pyrrolizine and thiazolizines derivatives through an in‐situ formation of an azomethine ylides and zwitterionic intermediate followed by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction is described. This novel one‐pot reaction paves the way for the successful assembly of salicaldehydes, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and L‐proline or thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid in the presence of a basic catalyst. This domino process affords polycyclic chromeno annulated pyrrolizines and chromenothiazolizines in good yields.
Autoxidation of Siphonochilone in Processed Rhizomes and Stored Powders of Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L. Burtt
Authors: Zongwe Félix Katele , Muya Jules Tshishimbi , Mutimana Raphael , Virima Mudogo , Mayaliwa Muzomwe , Chung Hoeil , Maharaj Vinesh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA furano sesquiterpenoid, known as siphonochilone (1), is commonly reported as the major compound in the roots and the rhizomes of Siphonochilus aethiopicus together with related oxidized sesquiterpenoids (2‐5). As part of investigating the UPLC QTOF MS ES+ chemical profiles of n‐hexane/dichloromethane (1:1) extracts from crushed fresh rhizomes, dried and powdered rhizomes and the dried powders held under storage at room temperature, we have recently realized that decomposition of 1 occurs during the processing of the rhizomes and the storage of the powders. This decomposition which involves autoxidation of the furan moiety leads to formation of the artefact sesquiterpenoid lactone (3) and potentially (4), which numerous papers misreport as naturally present in the plant. MP2/6‐31+G(d,p), B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d,p) calculations were performed on siphonochilone (1) and the sesquiterpenoid lactone artifacts (3) and (4) and results rationalized the observed autoxidation.
Exotic branes in Exceptional Field Theory: the SL(5) duality group
Authors: Bakhmatov Ilya , Berman David S. , Kleinschmidt Axel , Musaev Edvard T. , Otsuki Ray 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We study how exotic branes, i.e. branes whose tensions are proportional to g

s

−
α

, with α > 2, are realised in Exceptional Field Theory (EFT). The generalised torsion of the Weitzenböck connection of the SL(5) EFT which, in the language of gauged supergravity describes the embedding tensor, is shown to classify the exotic branes whose magnetic fluxes can fit into four internal dimensions. By analysing the weight diagrams of the corresponding representations of SL(5) we determine the U-duality orbits relating geometric and non-geometric fluxes. As a further application of the formalism we consider the Kaluza-Klein monopole of 11D supergravity and rotate it into the exotic 6(3,1)-brane.
Hegel’s Theory of Terrorism and Derrida’s Notion of Autoimmunity: Religious and Political Violence in the Name of Nothingness
Authors: Rukgaber Matthew 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRather than model Hegel’s account of terrorism on the struggle for recognition and against domination, I maintain that his account is best understood according to Derrida’s notion of autoimmunity. The logic of autoimmunity models terrorism as a symbolic, suicidal act of violence that is created by and directed against the violence of hegemony. It is also continually stimulated by a messianic and nihilistic ideal. This article provides a historical account of Derrida’s elaboration of this concept through his continual dialogue with Hegel. That concept is then applied to Hegel’s account of religious and political terrorism. Ultimately, this analysis supports a reading of Hegel’sPhenomenologyin which the confrontation with terrorism as autoimmunity is its lynchpin and which culminates in a moral community that is radically open to the other, to difference, and to the undecidable rather than being closed off and insulated by so-called absolute knowing.
Transported Identities: Global Trafficking and Late-Imperial Subjectivity in Cuban Narratives on African Penal Colonies
Authors: Martin-Márquez Susan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article studies the reformulation of Black Legend, Middle Passage andconvivenciadiscourses in nineteenth-century narratives published by Cubans sent to Spain's de facto penal colony on Fernando Po. Contextualised with archival sources, this reading highlights how deportees condemned Spain's perpetuation of the slave trade while struggling to negotiate their own positioning within the racially-stratified practices of late-imperial space. Those negotiations often exacerbated traditional divisions between different communities within the Spanish colonial system. In some instances, however, the deportees’ encounters with citizens and colonised subjects from distant territories may have bolstered and expanded intra-imperial identification and solidarity.
Surveying in highly-modified landscapes to document the occurrence of threatened species: a study of the giant armadilloPriodontes maximusin central Brazil
Authors: Lemos Frederico G. , Costa Alan N. , Azevedo Fernanda C. , Fragoso Carlos E. , Freitas-Junior Mozart C. , Rocha Ednaldo C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStudies on threatened species in highly modified and unprotected landscapes are necessary for the development of appropriate conservation policies. This is particularly important for species with large home ranges, such as the giant armadilloPriodontes maximus, whose occurrence in anthropogenic landscapes is poorly known despite its categorization as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. We searched and surveyed for the giant armadillo within human-modified areas in central Brazil using direct and indirect methods across a wide region dominated by diverse farming environments and scattered remnants of natural vegetation. During a 14-year period (2003–2016), we located 54 records of the species, including three road-kills and two instances of poaching. Most of the occurrence points (83%) were in native vegetation, with 17% in anthropogenic environments (pastures and roads). We confirmed the presence of the giant armadillo within a wide, intensely human-altered region. These findings indicate that Cerrado and Atlantic Forest remnants in modified landscapes in central Brazil play an important role as refuges for this armadillo species. In addition to habitat loss, road-kills and poaching persist as threats to the giant armadillo. Conservation actions are necessary to minimize human impacts and facilitate the persistence of the giant armadillo in this region. Policies that both deter illegal deforestation and strengthen incentives for the protection of natural vegetation remnants and restoration of biological corridors such as gallery forests would aid conservation of the giant armadillo in this area.
The latest FAD – Faecal antibody detection in cattle. Protocol and results from three UK beef farms naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes
Authors: Cooke A. S. , Watt K. A. , Morgan E. R. , Dungait J. A. J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAntibodies at gastrointestinal mucosal membranes play a vital role in immunological protection against a range of pathogens, including helminths. Gastrointestinal health is central to efficient livestock production, and such infections cause significant losses. Fecal samples were taken from 114 cattle, across three beef farms, with matched blood samples taken from 22 of those animals. To achieve fecal antibody detection, a novel fecal supernatant was extracted. Fecal supernatant and serum samples were then analysed, using adapted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocols, for levels of total immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM, andTeladorsagia circumcincta-specific IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE (in the absence of reagents for cattle-specific nematode species). Fecal nematode egg counts were conducted on all fecal samples. Assays performed successfully and showed that IgA was the predominant antibody in fecal samples, whereas IgG was predominant in serum. Total IgA in feces and serum correlated within individuals (0.581,P= 0.005), but other Ig types did not. Results support the hypothesis that the tested protocols are an effective method for the non-invasive assessment of cattle immunology. The method could be used as part of animal health assessments, although further work is required to interpret the relationship between results and levels of infection and immunity.
Occurrence ofSchistosoma bovison Pemba Island, Zanzibar: implications for urogenital schistosomiasis transmission monitoring
Authors: Pennance Tom , Ame Shaali M. , Amour Armour Khamis , Suleiman Khamis Rashid , Allan Fiona , Rollinson David , Webster Bonnie L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe causative agent of urogenital schistosomiasis,Schistosoma haematobium, was thought to be the only schistosome species transmitted throughBulinussnails on Unguja and Pemba Island (Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania). For insights into the environmental risk ofS. haematobiumtransmission on Pemba Island, malacological surveys collectingBulinus globosusandB. nasutus, two closely related potential intermediate hosts ofS. haematobiumwere conducted across the island in November 2016. Of 1317B. globosus/B. nasutuscollected, sevenB. globosus, identified through sequencing a DNA region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were observed with patent infections assumed to beS. haematobium. However, when the collected cercariae were identified through sequencing a region of thecox1 and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 + 2), schistosomes from five of theseB. globosuscollected from a single locality were in factS. bovis. The identified presence ofS. bovisraises concerns for animal health on Pemba, and complicates future transmission monitoring ofS. haematobium. These results show the pertinence for not only sensitive, but also species-specific markers to be used when identifying cercariae during transmission monitoring, and also provide the first molecular confirmation forB. globosustransmittingS. bovisin East Africa.
Parasitological study of mountain viscacha fecal pellets from patagonia over the last 1200 years (‘Cueva Peligro’, Chubut province, Argentina)
Authors: Beltrame María Ornela , Cañal Victoria , Tietze Eleonor , De Tommaso Daniela 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine the parasite fauna present in mountain viscachaLagidium viscacia(Caviomorpha, Chinchillidae) fecal pellets collected from ‘Cueva Peligro’, a cave located in Chubut province, Patagonia, Argentina, throughout the last 1200 years. A total of 84 samples were examined for parasites. Each pellet was whole processed: rehydrated, homogenized, sediment and examined using light microscopy. The samples and eggs of parasites present were described, measured and photographed. Thirty-eight samples tested positive for the nematodesHeteroxynema(Cavioxyura)viscaciaeSutton & Hugot, 1989,Helminthoxys effilatusSchuurmans-Stekhoven, 1951 (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae),Trichurissp. Roederer, 1761 (Trichinellida: Trichuridae) and one anoplocephalid species (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae). This is the first time thatH. effilatusis reported from ancient times. Significant differences of parasite occurrences through this temporal period were recorded. Parasitic life cycles and their presence along the studied period are so discussed.
Passive and active rehabilitation control of human upper-limb exoskeleton robot with dynamic uncertainties
Authors: Brahmi Brahim , Saad Maarouf , Luna Cristobal Ochoa , Archambault Philippe S. , Rahman Mohammad H. 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the passive and active control strategies to provide a physical assistance and rehabilitation by a 7-DOF exoskeleton robot with nonlinear uncertain dynamics and unknown bounded external disturbances due to the robot user's physiological characteristics. An Integral backstepping controller incorporated with Time Delay Estimation (BITDE) is used, which permits the exoskeleton robot to achieve the desired performance of working under the mentioned uncertainties constraints. Time Delay Estimation (TDE) is employed to estimate the nonlinear uncertain dynamics of the robot and the unknown disturbances. To overcome the limitation of the time delay error inherent of the TDE approach, a recursive algorithm is used to further reduce its effect. The integral action is employed to decrease the impact of the unmodeled dynamics. Besides, the Damped Least Square method is introduced to estimate the desired movement intention of the subject with the objective to provide active rehabilitation. The controller scheme is to ensure that the robot system performs passive and active rehabilitation exercises with a high level of tracking accuracy and robustness, despite the unknown dynamics of the exoskeleton robot and the presence of unknown bounded disturbances. The design, stability, and convergence analysis are formulated and proven based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional theory. Experimental results with healthy subjects, using a virtual environment, show the feasibility, and ease of implementation of the control scheme. Its robustness and flexibility to deal with parameter variations due to the unknown external disturbances are also shown.