bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discontinuous Galerkin time discretization methods for parabolic problems with linear constraints
Authors: Voulis Igor , Reusken Arnold 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We consider time discretization methods for abstract parabolic problems with inhomogeneous linear constraints. Prototype examples that fit into the general framework are the heat equation with inhomogeneous (time-dependent) Dirichlet boundary conditions and the time-dependent Stokes equation with an inhomogeneous divergence constraint. Two common ways of treating such linear constraints, namely explicit or implicit (via Lagrange multipliers) are studied. These different treatments lead to different variational formulations of the parabolic problem. For these formulations we introduce a modification of the standard discontinuous Galerkin (DG) time discretization method in which an appropriate projection is used in the discretization of the constraint. For these discretizations (optimal) error bounds, including superconvergence results, are derived. Discretization error bounds for the Lagrange multiplier are presented. Results of experiments confirm the theoretically predicted optimal convergence rates and show that without the modification the (standard) DG method has sub-optimal convergence behavior.
Welfare und Ernährungssicherheit: Die Unterstützungsprogramme der Amministrazione per gli aiuti internazionali (Aai) von der Nachkriegszeit bis in die 60er Jahre
Authors: Inaudi Silvia 
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:
L’articolo propone una panoramica critica degli interventi socio-assistenziali posti in essere dal dopoguerra alla prima metà degli anni Sessanta dall’Amministrazione per gli aiuti internazionali (Aai): organismo singolare nel panorama assistenziale italiano per le sue caratteristiche di autonomia all’interno del complesso statuale e per la fitta rete di rapporti intessuti a livello internazionale. Sotto la guida del democristiano Lodovico Montini, l’Aai si fece portatrice di istanze di modernizzazione nell’ambito di una visione che intendeva coniugare la tradizione del cattolicesimo sociale con la moderna cultura anglosassone dell’auto-aiuto, e di un modello di Welfare promanante dallo Stato ma rispettoso dell’iniziativa privata. L’attuazione dei suoi programmi, nei quali rilevante fu la focalizzazione sull’infanzia e la gioventù e l’enfasi sull’aspetto pedagogico-formativo, si accompagnò al costante supporto della professionalizzazione del personale preposto ai servizi socio-assistenziali. Per il ruolo del tutto peculiare che l’Aai ebbe nel panorama dell’assistenza pubblica italiana, analizzarne la genesi e l’operato significa anche riflettere sulle contraddittorie scelte in materia di intervento sociale da parte del governo italiano nel più ampio contesto delle intersezioni fra welfare e guerra fredda.
Le case tributarie nelle leggi e nei documenti longobardi
Authors: Carminati Fabio , Mariani Andrea 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung:
In einigen Dokumenten aus der Zeit des Langobardenreiches (7.–8. Jh.) werden spezifische Landstücke erwähnt, case tributarie genannt. Einige von diesen waren Teil der Curtis Regia (bzw. der Fiscus), während andere möglicherweise in Privatbesitz waren. Alle verschwanden nach dem Niedergang des langobardischen Königreiches. Ihre Eigenschaften wurden bislang noch nicht näher untersucht: für gewöhnlich werden die case tributarie als Äquivalent der case massaricie betrachtet, das heißt als Zentren landwirtschaftlicher Produktion, welche von Siedlern bewirtschaftet wurden. Eine solche Hypothese stimmt mit den jüngsten Forschungsergebnissen überein, welche jedoch die Existenz der generellen Besteuerung im langobardischen Königreich ausklammert, obwohl die Quellen einen anderen Zusammenhang andeuten. Durch die Analyse dieser Quellen ist es möglich hilfreiche Informationen zu erlangen, um sowohl die Funktion als auch die Hauptmerkmale der case tributarie zu interpretieren und um einige besondere Charakteristiken der langobardischen Administration aufzuzeigen. Hierfür werden wir zuerst die wenigen überlieferten Dokumente mit Verweisen auf die case tributarie sowie einige ihrer Hauptmerkmale und Problemstellen vorstellen. In einem weiteren Schritt werden wir die bisherige historiographische Interpretation erörtern. Schließlich schlagen wir ein anderes Modell und seine Umsetzung in einer speziellen Fallstudie vor.
Bayerische Blicke auf den römischen Kunstmarkt (1790–1815)
Authors: Putz Hannelore 
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:
A partire dal Rinascimento, Roma fu il centro europeo del mercato delle antichità e delle opere d’arte, nonché dell’attività artistica. L’importanza politica e culturale, assunta dalla città quasi senza soluzione di continuità fin dai tempi antichi, aveva fatto nascere, nel corso dei secoli, straordinarie collezioni di opere d’arte. Al contempo gli artisti producevano nuove opere, e giovani artisti confluivano in questa „metropoli europea dell’arte“ per studiare, per imparare dai grandi, per raccoglierne gli impulsi in maniera creativa, per riportare in patria le cognizioni acquisite. I rivolgimenti e le crisi politiche, economiche e belliche, che verso la fine del XVIII secolo scuotevano tutta l’Europa, ebbero dirette consequenze sul delicatissimo mercato d’arte romano, cambiandone radicalmente le condizioni complessive che sarebbero rimaste critiche fino al riordinamento dell’Europa dopo le guerre napoleoniche. Nel 1810 il principe ereditario bavarese, Lodovico, mandò a Roma lo scultore Johann Martin von Wagner che nella qualità di agente d’arte doveva rappresentare i suoi interessi in loco. L’intensa corrispondenza tra i due, che durò fino alla morte di Wagner sopravvenuta nel 1858, getta una luce particolare sul mercato romano dalla prospettiva del committente e nell’ottica professionale dell’artista. Si apre così uno squarcio singolare sulle condizioni e sui meccanismi del mercato e i suoi attori durante gli ultimi anni dell’età napoleonica a Roma.
Going Native or Remaining Foreign?
Authors: Amsler Nadine 
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:
Negli ultimi decenni la ricerca storica ha portato la propria attenzione sulle missioni cattoliche nell’Asia moderna in quanto laboratori di contatti culturali. Il passaggio da una visione eurocentrica ed espansionistica delle missioni a un quadro che metteva in risalto il ruolo di attori non europei e le specificità culturali dei cristianesimi sorti in area extraeuropea ha comportato una progressiva articolazione e specializzazione del discorso accademico sull’argomento. Un convegno svoltosi a Roma e dedicato ai missionari cattolici attivi nell’Asia moderna si è prefisso di radunare esperti delle varie regioni del continente al fine di promuovere un dialogo transregionale sul radicamento dei missionari nelle società locali. L’autrice è uno degli organizzatori del convengo. Nel presente contributo colloca il convegno nel contesto delle ultime tendenze storiografiche, ne riassume i punti salienti e individua nuovi campi di ricerca.
Butin attenuates brain edema in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage by anti inflammatory pathway
Authors: Li Peiyu , Jiwu Cheng 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
This study evaluates the effect of butin against brain edema in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methodology
ICH was induced by injecting bacterial collagenase in the brain and all the animals were separated into four groups such as control group, ICH group treated with vehicle, Butin 25 and 50 mg/kg group receives butin (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.)60 min after the induction of ICH in all animals. One day after neurological score, hemorrhagic injury and expressions of protein responsible for apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines were assessed in the brain tissue of ICH rats.

Result
Neurological scoring significantly increased and hemorrhagic lesion volume decreased in butin treated group of rats compared to ICH group. However, treatment with butin significantly decreases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and protein expression of Cleaved caspase-3 than ICH group in dose dependent manner. Level of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) in the brain tissues were significantly decreased in the butin treated group than ICH group. In addition butin attenuates the altered signaling pathway of NF-κB in the brain tissues of ICH rats.

Conclusion
Our study concludes that butin attenuates the altered behavior and neuronal condition in ICH rats by reducing apoptosis and inflammatory response.
Water Immersion Affects Episodic Memory and Postural Control in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Bressel Eadric , Louder Talin J. , Raikes Adam C. , Alphonsa Sushma , Kyvelidou Anastasia 
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose:
Previous research has reported that younger adults make fewer cognitive errors on an auditory vigilance task while in chest-deep water compared with on land. The purpose of this study was to extend this previous work to include older adults and to examine the effect of environment (water vs land) on linear and nonlinear measures of postural control under single- and dual-task conditions.

Methods:
Twenty-one older adult participants (age = 71.6 ± 8.34 years) performed a cognitive (auditory vigilance) and motor (standing balance) task separately and simultaneously on land and in chest-deep water. Listening errors (n = count) from the auditory vigilance test and sample entropy (SampEn), center of pressure area, and velocity for the balance test served as dependent measures. Environment (land vs water) and task (single vs dual) comparisons were made with a Wilcoxon matched-pair test.

Results:
Listening errors were 111% greater during land than during water environments (single-task = 4.0 ± 3.5 vs 1.9 ± 1.7; P = .03). Conversely, SampEn values were 100% greater during water than during land environments (single-task = 0.04 ± 0.01 vs 0.02 ± 0.01; P < .001). Center of pressure area and velocity followed a similar trend to SampEn with respect to environment differences, and none of the measures were different between single- and dual-task conditions (P > .05).

Conclusions:
The findings of this study expand current support for the potential use of partial aquatic immersion as a viable method for challenging both cognitive and motor abilities in older adults.
Research on Random Load Characteristic Based on Mixture Distribution Model
Authors: Tong Jiachi , Liu Xintian , Wang Minlong , Wang Yansong , Wang Xiaolan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRandom load is one of the inherent attributes of actual working load. It is regarded as the essential prerequisite in fatigue life prediction and reliability evaluation for enhancing the performance of mechanical systems and the safety of operators. This article proposes a statistics-based method of random load characteristic analysis to handle the variable amplitude fatigue loads collected from vehicle experiments. The mixture distribution model of random load was constructed according to the native behavior of gathered data, and the parameters of mixture distribution are estimated to fit the histogram of load counting. A case study of vehicle load is provided, and the goodness of fit is subsequently tested and verifies the credible result.
Keterlekatan Ekonomi Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial
Authors: Melis Melis 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Basically, economic factors play an important role in human life. Economics does cover many fields in people's lives, especially in the socio-cultural field. Economic factors in social life play an important role in determining the level of social status of a person or group of people in their environment. In social life there are several factors that influence the level of a person's social status, namely economic factors, educational factors, hereditary factors, and a person's job factor. But in social life in Indonesia, generally economic factors are the main things that can be used as a benchmark for a person's social status. A person with a high level of wealth will be different in lifestyle and habits compared to people who are below the standard level. This social stratification certainly causes some of the impacts that occur in social life, both negative and positive impacts. Keywords: Economy, Education, Social Abstrak: Pada dasarnya, faktor ekonomi memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Ekonomi memang mencakup banyak bidang dalam kehidupan masyarakat, terutama bidang sosial budaya. Faktor Ekonomi dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat memegang peran penting dalam menentukan tingkat status sosial seseorang atau sekelompok orang di dalam lingkungannya. Dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat status sosial seseorang, yaitu faktor ekonomi, faktor pendidikan, faktor keturunan, dan pekerjaan seseorang. Tetapi dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat di Indonesia umumnya faktor ekonomi adalah hal utama yang dapat dijadikan sebagai tolok ukur status sosial seseorang. Seseorang dengan tingkat kekayaan yang tergolong tinggi akan berbeda pola hidup dan kebiasaannya dibandingkan dengan orang yang tingkat ekonomi di bawah standar. Stratifikasi sosial ini tentunya menimbulkan beberapa dampak yang terjadi dalam kehidupan sosial, baik dampak negatif maupun dampak positif. Kata Kunci: Ekonomi, Pendidikan, Sosial DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v5i1.7908
Juvenil idiopatik inflamatuar miyopati: tek merkez verileri
Authors: BALCI Sibel , KIŞLA EKİNCİ Rabia Miray , ALTINTAŞ Derya Ufuk , YILMAZ Mustafa 
Published: May 2018

Amaç: Juvenil idiyopatik inflamatuvar miyopatiler (JIIM) nadir görülen, kronik kas inflamasyonu ile seyreden, ciddi morbidite, mortalite ile sonuçlanan bir grup otoimmün hastalıktır. Çalışmamızda Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Romatoloji Bilim Dalı tarafından JIIM tanısı ile izlenen hastaların klinik ve laboratuvar verilerinin, tedavi yanıtlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Eylül 2003 ile Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında JIIM tanısı ile izlemde olan 15 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Demografik veriler, tanı ve takip laboratuvar verileri, EMG ve kas biyopsi sonuçları, uygulanan tedaviler, tedavi yanıtları ve hastalık komplikasyonları geriye dönük arşiv dosyalarından elde edildi. Bulgular: JIIM hastalarının kız erkek oranı 2.75:1 idi. Hastaların 13 tanesi (%80) Juvenil Dermatomiyozit (JDM), 2 tanesi (%13.3) Juvenil Polimiyozit (JPM) ve bir tanesi (%6.7) Overlap Miyozit (OM) tanısı ile izlemdeydi. Başlangıç bulguları heliotrop raş ve malar raş (%86.7), Gottron papülü (%73.3) ve proksimal kas güçsüzlüğü (%100) idi. Erken dönem kortikosteroid tedavisi tüm hastalara ve metotreksat tedavisi 13 hastaya (%86.7) başlandı. Ayrıca 3 hastaya (%20) siklosporin, bir hastaya (%6.7) siklofosfamid, bir hastaya (%6.7) mikofenolat mofetil ve 4 hastaya (%26.7) intravenöz immunglobulin (IVIg) kullanıldı. Sonuçta tüm hastalar remisyona ulaştı fakat hastalık komplikasyonu olarak 2 hastada kalsinozis, bir hastada lipodistrofi gelişti. Sonuç: JIIM’de erken tanı ve yoğun immünsupresif tedavi hastalık komplikasyonu gelişimini önlemede önemlidir. Bu nedenle uluslararası standart tedavi ve izlem programları hastalık süreci boyunca dikkate alınarak izlem yapılmalıdır.
DESEMPENHO DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO PARA SILAGEM CULTIVADOS EM DIFERENTES LOCAIS COM TRÊS DENSIDADES POPULACIONAIS
Authors: NEUMANN MIKAEL , POCZYNEK MILAINE , LEÃO GUILHERME FERNANDO MATTOS , FIGUEIRA DANUBIA NOGUEIRA , SOUZA ANDRÉ MARTINS 
Published: May 2018

RESUMO - O objetivo foi avaliar a produção de biomassa e a composição física e química da planta de três híbridosde milho simples (P2530H, P30R50H e P30B39H) associadas a três densidades de plantio (60, 70 e 80 mil plantas ha-1) e três locais de cultivo (Local A, B e C). De forma isolada, as maiores produções de biomassa seca e de grãos, respectivamente, foram observadas na densidade de 80 mil plantas ha-1 (30.067 e 14.020 kg ha-1) e no local C (30.157 e 13.895 kg ha-1). Com relação aos híbridos estudados, houve influência do local de cultivo em que o híbrido P2530H foi superior para produção de biomassa seca e de grãos nos locais A e C (28.600 e 31.485 kg ha-1) e o híbrido P30B39H no local B (30.356 e 14.760 kg ha-1). Quanto à avaliação bromatológica, o local B gerou os maiores teores de proteína bruta (7,00%), matéria mineral (2,74%), fibra em detergente neutro (65,33%) e fibra em detergente ácido (36,10%), enquanto obteve os menores teores de nutrientes digestíveis totais (62,57%), comparado aos locais A e C (65,85 e 65,47%, respectivamente). De maneira geral, a densidade de cultivo não alterou os valores nutricionais das silagens dos diferentes híbridos de milho e locais de cultivo. Palavras-chave: altitude de cultivo, produção de biomassa seca, fibra em detergente neutro, NDT. HYBRID PERFORMANCE FOR MAIZE SILAGE CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT PLACES WITH THREE POPULATION DENSITIESABSTRACT - The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of three maize hybrids (P2530H, P30R50H e P30B39H) with three population densities (60, 70, and 80 000 plants ha-1) in three grown locations (A, B e C). In isolation, the greater dry biomass and grain yield, respectively, were observed in the density of 80,000 plants ha-1 (30,067 and 14,020 kg ha-1) and place C (30,157 and 13,895 kg ha-1). Regarding the hybrid, there was a direct influence of the local cultivation, and hybrid P2530H had the higher dry biomass and grain production in the location A and C (28,600 and 31,485 kg ha-1), and the hybrid P30B39H on location B (30,356 and 14,760 kg ha-1). In the bromatological assessment, the location B obtained the highest CP (7.00%), MM (2.74%), NDF (65.33%) and ADF content (36.10%), while it had the lower levels of TDN (62.57%) compared to locations A and C (65.85 and 65.47%, respectively). In general, the plant density did not change the silage nutritional values in maize hybrids associated with different places. Keywords: sowing altitude, dry biomass, neutral detergent fiber, TDN.
TEKNIK, METODE, DAN IDEOLOGI PENERJEMAHAN DALAM TERJEMAHAN BUKU RISALAH ILA SYABABIL-UMMAH
Authors: Abdul Malik Nur Eko Ikhsanto, 
Published: May 2018

<p>This research analyzes technique, method and ideology of translation in translating the book of Risālah ilā Syabābil-Ummah. It is aimed to (1) describe the technique of translation applied in translating words, phrases, clauses,and sentences contained in the book, (2) identify the method and ideology that tends to<br />be used by translator to translate the book. The method usedin this research isqualitative descriptive. The data sources are the book of Risālah ilā Syabābil-Ummah and its translation in Bahasa Indonesia entitled Menjadi Pemuda Peka Zaman (MPPZ).</p><p>Data collected through reading books RSU and MPPZ as a whole to obtain an overview and classify existing translation techniques. Data analysis was carried out in stages; First, classifying the translation techniques of words, phrases, clauses, and sentencesfrom the text of RSU into MPPZ.Second, looking at the application of translation techniques to define translation methods used.Third, analyzing translation methods to interpret translation ideologies tend to be used by the translator. The results showed thatthere are 17 kinds of translation techniques used by the translatorfrom totally 356 ones happened in 150 data. They are; addition (76), inversion (49), deletion (42), borrowing pure (33), modulation (28), compensation (22), naturalborrowing (21), transposition (18), calque (18), adaptation (15), amplification (13), literaltranslation (11), discursive creation (6), established equivalence (1), particularization (1), generalization (1), description (1). The most frequently tehcnique appliedis the addition one.</p><p>This was done to ensure the easiness for readers to understand the message. Based on the dominant technique appeared, the book is likely to use the communicative method and domestication ideology, shown by 76.7% of techniques are tend to target language (Bahasa Indonesia) while 23.7% are tend to source language (Arabic).<br /><br /></p>
Complications and Outcomes After Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Somerson Jeremy S. , Petersen John P. , Neradilek Moni B. , Cizik Amy M. , Gee Albert O. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Evidence is limited regarding the complications and outcomes after medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction. The published data regarding this procedure are composed predominantly of small Level-III and IV retrospective studies for which meta-analysis is not generally useful. Meta-regression is an alternative technique to identify variables across multiple publications that have an effect on published outcomes and complication rates.

Methods:
We performed a systematic search of published literature for outcomes after UCL reconstruction. A random effects meta-regression model was constructed to identify the association of study characteristics with outcome proportions. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of influential studies on the results.

Results:
Fourteen studies (median sample size, 26 patients; range, 10 to 743 patients) were included in the systematic review and meta-regression. These studies included a total of 1,177 patients with a reported Conway outcome rating (a measure of a patient’s return to play). The majority of patients (mean, 83.2%) achieved an excellent Conway rating. Studies involving the docking technique were more likely to have a higher percentage of patients with an excellent outcome (14% risk difference compared with the figure-of-8 technique, p = 0.002) and lower reported rates of ulnar neurapraxia (Spearman correlation = −0.83). A lower reported rate of ulnar neurapraxia was strongly associated with the likelihood of an excellent (p = 0.01) or good or excellent (p = 0.001) Conway outcome rating.

Conclusions:
Despite substantial heterogeneity among study outcomes, studies that involved a docking technique and that had lower reported rates of ulnar neurapraxia were associated with greater percentages of excellent or good-to-excellent reported Conway outcome ratings.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Sacral Fractures with Spondylopelvic Dissociation
Authors: DeRogatis Michael J. , Breceda Adam P. , Lee Patrick , Issack Paul S. 
Published: May 2018

* U-type or H-type sacral fractures are a result of very high energy injuries that separate the lumbar spine and upper sacrum from the lower sacrum and pelvis. Advances in acute trauma care have resulted in an increase in the number of patients who survive this injury.* The choice of approach is dictated by several factors, including dorsal soft-tissue trauma, the need for neurological decompression, and the adequacy of sacral sagittal balance.* Complication rates following surgical treatment are high and primarily are related to the soft tissues.* This fracture pattern has a high association with polytrauma, major neurological injury (including cauda equina syndrome), and soft-tissue degloving injuries.* While nonoperative management may be appropriate for patients who are expected to be bedbound or non-weight-bearing for at least 3 months, the majority of these injuries are treated surgically with iliosacral screws and spinal constructs that anchor the pelvis to the lower lumbar spine.* Careful attention to damage-control principles, efficient surgical stabilization of the spondylopelvic injury and associated fractures, and early mobilization can lead to good functional outcomes following this potentially devastating injury.