bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictability assessment of northeast monsoon rainfall in India using sea surface temperature anomaly through statistical and machine learning techniques
Authors: Dash Yajnaseni , Mishra Saroj K. , Panigrahi Bijaya K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe socio‐economic growth of India is adversely affected by the abnormal meteorological phenomena of floods and droughts. Thus, rainfall prediction is highly desirable for livelihood and sustainability. In this study, northeast monsoon rainfall (NEMR) is predicted over the Indian peninsular region for the months of October, November, and December using a global sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly as a predictor by linear regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), and extreme learning machine (ELM) techniques. The predictions are made by LR, ANN, and ELM models for the period 1990–2016 using the training input (1871–1989) of different time series samples of global SST anomaly data collected from Hadley Centre SST data set (HadSST3). Principal component analysis was used for dimensionality reduction of the data sets, and its application substantially improved the predictive ability of the machine learning techniques. The performance of the PC‐ELM technique with the ensemble method (ESM 8–9) training window is found to be more accurate than the LR and ANN techniques and provides minimal error scores as per the statistical analysis. This study concludes that the global SST anomaly has the potential to be used as a predictor for northeast monsoon rainfall and useful for long‐range climatic projections.
Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Methods with energy minimizing oversampling
Authors: Chung Eric , Efendiev Yalchin , Leung Wing Tat 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a general concept for constructing multiscale basis functions within Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method, which uses oversampling and stable decomposition. The oversampling refers to using larger regions in constructing multiscale basis functions and stable decomposition allows estimating the local errors. The analysis of multiscale methods involves decomposing the error by coarse regions, where each error contribution is estimated. In this estimate, we often use oversampling techniques to achieve a fast convergence. We demonstrate our concepts in the mixed, the Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin, and Hybridized Discontinuous Galerkin discretizations. One of the important features of the proposed basis functions is that they can be used in online Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method, where one constructs multiscale basis functions using residuals. In these problems, it is important to achieve a fast convergence, which can be guaranteed if we have a stable decomposition. In our numerical results, we present examples for both offline and online multiscale basis functions. Our numerical results show that one can achieve a fast convergence when using online basis functions. Moreover, we observe that coupling using Hybridized Discontinuous Galerkin provides a better accuracy compared with Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin, which is due to using multiscale glueing functions.
Application of biclustering algorithm in adverse drug reaction monitoring system of China
Authors: Zhu Tiantian , Zhang Yuan , Ye Xiaofei , Hou Yongfang , Liu Jia , Shi Wentao , Xu Jinfang , Guo Xiaojing , He Jia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeSignal evaluation is considered to be a tedious process owing to the large number of disproportional signals detected. This study aimed to apply a biclustering algorithm in the spontaneous reporting system of China and to obtain the optimal parameters. The biclustering algorithm is expected to improve the efficiency of signal evaluation by identifying similar signal groups.MethodsInformation component (IC) was the method used for disproportionality analysis. By using IC thresholds of various strengths (0.05–4.00), the original quantitative data matrix was transformed into 80 different binary data matrices, where each cell contained either a 1 or 0. The biclustering results were obtained using a total of 720 Bimax algorithm parameters (minimal number of columns and rows was 3, 4, or 5). Next, the optimal parameters were determined through the comprehensive evaluation of the rank sum ration. Finally, we examined the biclustering results under the optimal parameters and evaluated the effect of biclustering analysis on adverse drug reaction (ADR) data in China.ResultsThe optimal strength of the IC threshold was 0.80, and the minimum number of rows and columns was 3. After taxonomic evaluation, we also found that 1836 biclusters (42.8%) contained similar drugs or similar ADRs, which accounted for 72.3% of signals unevaluated.ConclusionsApplying biclustering analysis in spontaneous reporting system could provide support in confirming unrecognized ADRs, identifying rare ADRs, and screening drug‐ADR pairs, which need more attention. Biclustering algorithm could improve the efficiency of signal detection and evaluation in China.
Comparative safety of NSAIDs for gastrointestinal events in Asia‐Pacific populations: A multi‐database, international cohort study
Authors: Lai Edward Chia‐Cheng , Shin Ju‐Young , Kubota Kiyoshi , Man Kenneth K.C. , Park Byung Joo , Pratt Nicole , Roughead Elizabeth E. , Wong Ian C.K. , Kao Yang Yea‐Huei , Setoguchi Soko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeThe safety of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly used in Asia‐Pacific countries has had limited study. We assessed the risk of hospitalization for gastrointestinal events with loxoprofen and mefenamic acid compared with other NSAIDs in Asia‐Pacific populations.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study using a distributed network with a common data model in Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. We included patients who initiated diclofenac, loxoprofen, mefenamic acid, or celecoxib and followed them until their first gastrointestinal hospitalization, switch or discontinuation of medication, disenrollment, or end of database coverage. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess hospitalization risk.ResultsWe identified 9879 patients in Japan, 70 492 in Taiwan, 263 741 in Korea, and 246 in Hong Kong who initiated an NSAID, and 44 013 patients in Australia, a predominantly Caucasian population. The incidence of gastrointestinal hospitalization was 25.6 per 1000 person‐years in Japan, 32.8 in Taiwan, 11.5 in Korea, 484.5 in Hong Kong, and 35.6 in Australia. Compared with diclofenac, the risk of gastrointestinal events with loxoprofen was significantly lower in Korea (hazards ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25‐0.54) but not in Japan (1.65; 95% CI, 0.47‐5.78). The risk of gastrointestinal events with mefenamic acid was significantly lower in Taiwan (0.45; 95% CI, 0.26‐0.78) and Korea (0.11; 95% CI, 0.05‐0.27) but not Hong Kong (2.16; 95% CI, 0.28‐16.87), compared with diclofenac.ConclusionsCompared with diclofenac, loxoprofen was associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal hospitalizations in Korea and mefenamic acid with a lower risk in Taiwan and Korea.
An integrated solution to ACMM problem of spacecraft with inertia uncertainty
Authors: Liu Ping , Xue Wenchao , Chen Sen , Huang Yi , Sun Zhendong 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn this work, an integrated solution to the attitude control and momentum management problem is studied for the velocity‐free large spacecraft subject to both inertia uncertainty and strong disturbances. A multiple‐input–multiple‐output‐type linear extended state observer is constructed to estimate the uncertain information, and a novel disturbance compensator and a linear quadratic regulator controller are proposed. The stability of the proposed scheme is rigorously proved, and the quantitative relationship between the closed‐loop tracking error and the uncertainty size is thoroughly analyzed. Comparison studies are carried out to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
RG flows and cascades of Lif(2)4 × S1 × S5 vacua
Authors: Singh Harvendra 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

The (F1,D2,D8) brane configuration produces Lif
4
(2)
× S
1 × S
5 Lifshitz vacua supported by ‘massive’ B-field. We present exact deformations of this system under which new massless B-modes of strings also get excited. Due to these massless modes the deformed solutions flow to conformally Lif
4
(3)
× S
1 × S
5 vacua in the IR. The latter types are supersymmetric solutions of ordinary type IIA theory. The massive and massless B

μν
modes segregate out in the IR. We confirm that the massive B mode and cosmological constant indeed decouple from the theory rendering the IR field dynamics controlled by massless fields only. A similar effect is observed on the UV side of the flow where a relativistic regime reappears. We also present ‘cascading’ Lifshitz vacua in which dynamical exponent has integral jumps along the flow; Lif
4
(3)
→ Lif
4
(2)
→ Lif
4
(1)
. The critical Lif
4
(2)
theory separates ‘deconfining’ Lif
4
(3)
IR theory from the confining Yang-Mills phase in UV.
Streptomyces albulus yields ε-poly-l-lysine and other products from salt-contaminated glycerol waste
Authors: Dodd Amanda , Swanevelder Dirk , Zhou Nerve , Brady Dean , Hallsworth John E , Rumbold Karl 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Actinomycetes are the most important microorganisms for the industrial production of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial and anticancer properties. However, they have not been implicated in biorefineries. Here, we study the ability of the ε-poly-l-lysine producing Streptomyces albulus BCRC 11814 to utilize biodiesel-derived crude glycerol. S. albulus was cultured in a mineral medium supplemented with up to 10% w/v sodium chloride or potassium chloride, and with crude glycerol as the sole carbohydrate source. Under these conditions, the strain produced 0.1 g ε-poly-l-lysine per 1 g of biomass. RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of the ectoine biosynthetic pathway of S. albulus, which provides proof of halotolerance. S. albulus has several silent secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters predicted within the genome. Based on the results, we conclude that S. albulus BCRC 11814 is a halotolerant microorganism capable of utilizing biodiesel-derived crude glycerol better than other actinomycetes included in the present study. S. albulus has the potential to be established as microbial platform production host for a range of high-value biological products.
Clinical and histopathological spectrum of toxic erythema of chemotherapy in patients who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Hunjan Manrup K. , Nowsheen Somaira , Ramos-Rodriguez Alvaro J. , Hashmi Shahrukh K. , Bridges Alina G. , Lehman Julia S. , El-Azhary Rokea 
Published: September 2018

Objective/Background:
Toxic erythema of chemotherapy (TEC) is a well-recognized adverse cutaneous reaction to chemotherapy. Similar to many skin diseases, the clinical presentations may vary. Our objective is to expand on the typical and atypical clinical and histopathological presentations of TEC.

Methods:
Forty patients with a diagnosis of TEC were included from 500 patients who had undergone an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Relevant information and demonstrative photos and pathology were selected.

Results:
Classic clinical presentations included hand and foot erythema and dysesthesias; atypical presentations included facial involvement, hyperpigmentation, dermatomyositislike, and erythroderma associated with capillary leak syndrome.

Conclusion:
The diagnosis of TEC should be considered after a correlation of clinical and histological findings in conjunction with a timeline of chemotherapy administration. Suggested criteria for the diagnosis of TEC may be helpful to dermatologists and clinicians when caring for these patients.
Genetic overlap between vascular pathologies and Alzheimer's dementia and potential causal mechanisms
Authors: Lin Yen‐Feng , Smith Albert Vernon , Aspelund Thor , Betensky Rebecca A. , Smoller Jordan W. , Gudnason Vilmundur , Launer Lenore J. , Blacker Deborah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe sought to examine the genetic overlap between vascular pathologies and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, and the potential mediating role of vascular pathologies between AD‐related genetic variants and late‐life cognition.MethodsFor 2907 stroke‐free older individuals, we examined the association of polygenic risk scores for AD dementia (ADPRSs) with vascular pathologies and with cognition. Mediation analyses addressed whether association between ADPRSs and cognition was mediated by a vascular pathology.ResultsADPRSs were associated with lobar cerebral microbleeds, white matter lesion load, and coronary artery calcification, mostly explained by single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 19q13 region. The effect of ADPRSs on cognition was partially but significantly mediated by cerebral microbleeds, white matter lesions, and coronary artery calcification.DiscussionOur findings provide evidence for genetic overlap, mostly due to apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, between vascular pathologies and AD dementia. The association between AD polygenic risk and late‐life cognition is mediated in part via effects on vascular pathologies.
Coital Incontinence in Women With Urinary Incontinence: An International Study
Authors: Illiano Ester , Mahfouz Wally , Giannitsas Konstantinos , Kocjancic Ervin , Vittorio Bini , Athanasopoulos Anastasios , Balsamo Raffaele , Natale Franca , Carbone Antonio , Villari Donata , Filocamo Maria Teresa , Finazzi Agrò Enrico , Costantini Elisabetta 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Coital urinary incontinence (CUI) is not much explored during clinical history, and this could lead to an underestimation of the problem.

Aim
To evaluate the prevalence and clinical risk factors of CUI in women with urinary incontinence (UI), and to measure the impact of CUI on women’s sexuality and quality of life.

Methods
This was a multicenter international study, conducted in Italy, Greece, the United States, and Egypt. Inclusion criteria were: sexually active women with UI and in a stable relationship for at least 6 months. Exclusion criteria were: age &lt;18 years and unstable relationship. The UI was classified as stress UI (SUI), urgency UI (UUI), and mixed UI (MUI). Women completed a questionnaire on demographics and medical history, in particular on UI and possible CUI and the timing of its occurrence, and the impact of CUI on quality and frequency of their sexual life.

Main Outcome Measures
To evaluate the CUI and its impact on sexual life we used the open questions on CUI as well as the International Consultation on Incontinence questionnaire and Patient Perception of Bladder Condition questionnaire.

Results
In this study 1,041 women (age 52.4 ± 10.7 years) were included. In all, 53.8% of women had CUI: 8% at penetration, 35% during intercourse, 9% at orgasm, and 48% during a combination of these. Women with CUI at penetration had a higher prevalence of SUI, women with CUI during intercourse had higher prevalence of MUI with predominant SUI, and women with CUI at orgasm had higher prevalence of UUI and MUI with predominant UUI component. Previous hysterectomy was a risk factor for CUI during any phase, while cesarean delivery was a protective factor. Previous failed anti-UI surgery was a risk factor for CUI during penetration and intercourse, and body mass index &gt;25 kg/m2 was a risk factor for CUI at intercourse. According to International Consultation on Incontinence questionnaire scores, increased severity of UI positively correlated with CUI, and had a negative impact on the quality and frequency of sexual activity.

Clinical Implications
This study should encourage physicians to evaluate the CUI; in fact, it is an underestimated clinical problem, but with a negative impact on quality of life.

Strengths & Limitations
The strength of this study is the large number of women enrolled, while the limitation is its observational design.

Conclusion
CUI is a symptom that can affect sexual life and should be investigated during counseling in all patients who are referred to urogynecological centers.
The preventable proportion of healthcare-associated infections 2005–2016: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schreiber Peter W. , Sax Hugo , Wolfensberger Aline , Clack Lauren , Kuster Stefan P. ,   Swissnoso
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe preventable proportion of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) may decrease over time as standards of care improve. We aimed to assess the proportion of HAIs prevented by multifaceted infection control interventions in different economic settings.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched OVID Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, and The Cochrane Library for studies published between 2005 and 2016 assessing multifaceted interventions to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), surgical site infections (SSIs), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and hospital-acquired pneumonia not associated with mechanical ventilation (HAP) in acute-care or long-term care settings. For studies reporting raw rates, we extracted data and calculated the natural log of the risk ratio and variance to obtain pooled risk ratio estimates.ResultsOf the 5,226 articles identified by our search, 144 studies were included in the final analysis. Pooled incidence rate ratios associated with multifaceted interventions were 0.543 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.445–0.662) for CAUTI, 0.459 (95% CI, 0.381–0.554) for CLABSI, and 0.553 (95% CI, 0.465–0.657) for VAP. The pooled rate ratio was 0.461 (95% CI, 0.389–0.546) for interventions aiming at SSI reduction, and for VAP reduction initiatives, the pooled rate ratios were 0.611 (95% CI, 0.414–0.900) for before-and-after studies and 0.509 (95% CI, 0.277–0.937) for randomized controlled trials. Reductions in infection rates were independent of the economic status of the study country. The risk of bias was high in 143 of 144 studies (99.3%).ConclusionsPublished evidence suggests a sustained potential for the significant reduction of HAI rates in the range of 35%–55% associated with multifaceted interventions irrespective of a country’s income level.
Effect of copper-impregnated linens on multidrug-resistant organism acquisition and Clostridium difficile infection at a long-term acute-care hospital
Authors: Madden Gregory R. , Heon Brenda E. , Sifri Costi D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCopper-impregnated surfaces and linens have been shown to reduce infections and multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) acquisition in healthcare settings. However, retrospective analyses of copper linen deployment at a 40-bed long-term acute-care hospital demonstrated no significant reduction in incidences of healthcare facility-onset Clostridium difficile infection or MDRO acquisition.
Upstream-travelling acoustic jet modes as a closure mechanism for screech
Authors: Edgington-Mitchell Daniel , Jaunet Vincent , Jordan Peter , Towne Aaron , Soria Julio , Honnery Damon 
Published: September 2018

Experimental evidence is provided to demonstrate that the upstream-travelling waves in two jets screeching in the A1 and A2 modes are not free-stream acoustic waves, but rather waves with support within the jet. Proper orthogonal decomposition is used to educe the coherent fluctuations associated with jet screech from a set of randomly sampled velocity fields. A streamwise Fourier transform is then used to isolate components with positive and negative phase speeds. The component with negative phase speed is shown, by comparison with a vortex-sheet model, to resemble the upstream-travelling jet wave first studied by Tam & Hu (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 201, 1989, pp. 447–483). It is further demonstrated that screech tones are only observed over the frequency range where this upstream-travelling wave is propagative.
PLURINAZIONALISMO E DEMOCRAZIA
Authors: Linz Juan J. 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzionePochi Stati sono Stati nazionali, e gran parte delle nazioni non sono destinate a raggiungere la condizione di Stato sovrano. Una trasformazione delle società plurinazionali in Stati nazionali «monocromatici» come quelli esistenti in passato è impossibile nel contesto di istituzioni liberaldemocratiche. La maggioranza delle cosiddette «nuove nazioni» sono in realtà Stati multinazionali o quantomeno multiculturali. Non solo i cittadini risiedono geograficamente in ambiti frammisti; le loro famiglie hanno unbackgroundeterogeneo e, dato non meno e forse più importante, hanno identità duali. Le istituzioni e i processi democratici devono riconoscere queste situazioni di fatto, questo tipo di pluralismo. In che misura, in uno Stato democratico, il pluralismo deve essere basato sulla rappresentanza e sui diritti di gruppo oppure sui diritti individuali? In che misura particolari soluzioni istituzionali rischiano di condurre ad un conflitto tra questi due principii ed approcci nel contesto della politica democratica? In che modo sarà protetta la libertà degli individui di scegliere la propria identità senza vedersi imporre identità inclusive? Questi sono problemi teorici e pratici sia per le democrazie contemporanee, sia per i paesi avviati verso la democrazia. Come potranno, gli Stati democratici multinazionali, guadagnarsi una legittimità sufficiente a rendere i processi decisionali democratici possibili e compatibili con il pluralismo nazionale e culturale? In particolare, come si potrà, in società di questo genere, rendere compatibile il federalismo con i diritti delle minoranze all'interno di unità territoriali, se in queste unità esistono maggioranze «nazionali»? Se non diamo soluzione a questi interrogativi, rischiamo di riprodurre in scala ridotta i problemi creati dai fondatori degli Stati nazionali in società multinazionali. Quali forme può assumere il pluralismo nazionale e culturale nelle società democratiche, e qual è il ruolo che le istituzioni e i processi democratici possono svolgere per rendere compatibili il pluralismo e la libertà individuale? Questi sono alcuni dei quesiti che dobbiamo sollevare e a cui dobbiamo dare risposta.
INTEGRAZIONE EUROPEA E WELFARE STATES NAZIONALI
Authors: Scharpf Fritz W. , Verzichelli Luca 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneIl processo di integrazione europea è caratterizzato da una asimmetria fondamentale descritta accuratamente da Joseph Weiler (1981) come un dualismo tra le norme sopranazionali europee ed il policy-making europeo di tipo intergovernativo. Weiler ha ancora ragione nella sua critica agli scienziati politici, colpevoli di aver troppo a lungo concentrato la propria attenzione soltanto sugli aspetti della negoziazione intergovernativa e di aver ignorato (o comunque non aver preso sufficientemente in considerazione) l'emergere, essenzialmente per via giurisdizionale, di un ordinamento legale europeo che prevale sulle leggi nazionali (Weiler 1994). Questa omissione è tanto più grave poiché ha impedito di individuare il parallelismo, politicamente assai significativo, tra il dualismo indicato da Weiler e la più comune contrapposizione tra una integrazione «positiva» ed una «negativa» (Tinbergen 1965; Rehbinder e Stewart 1984), cioè tra le misure che allargano l'integrazione del mercato eliminando i vincoli nazionali sugli scambi e le distorsioni competitive, da un lato, e le politiche europee comuni che modellano le condizioni sotto le quali i mercati operano, dall'altro.