bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problems of Holding Subjects of Medical Activity Responsible under Administrative Law
Authors: Danilov E. O. 
Published: August 2019

Analysis of normative acts, law enforcement practice and legislative activity indicates the existence of a set of problems concerning imposition of administrative responsibility on subjects of medical activity. Despite the fact that Chapter 6 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation provides for specific elements of offences that are detrimental to the human health, subjects of medical activity are often brought to administrative responsibility for different elements. At the same time, the current Administrative Offences Code of the Russian Federation does not contain rules regarding responsibility for performing illicit medical activity. While considering the cases of imposing administrative responsibility on medical organizations, we raise questions about qualification of offenses imputed to them, which is of particular importance in view of the existing duplication of powers of supervisory bodies. Another problem arises due to the imperfection of normative documents (in particular — the procedures for rendering medical care), for non-compliance with which medical organizations are held accountable. A draft law on improving administrative responsibility in the health sector, which is being considered by the State Duma, does not offer a solution to this problem, but without sufficient justification introduces duplicative special elements of crime into the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation.
RE-EVALUATING SUSTAINABILITY OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS BY USING TOPSIS
Authors: Saad Muhammad , Mohd Taib Hasniza , Bhuiyan Abul Bashar 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: The measurement of sustainability for microfinance institutions (MFIs) has been a serious problem for both practitioners and researchers over the last few decades. A multicriteria decision-making approach is used to develop an index that measures the sustainability of microfinance institutions based on the double bottom line.
Methodology: The sustainability score of MFIs operating in Pakistan for the year 2006-2015 is measured using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). During the assessment, equal weights are assigned to all indicators of sustainability. Additionally, a hypothetical organization was assigned the industry threshold to generate composite scores using TOPSIS. Later, sustainability levels of individual MFIs were compared with this industry threshold.
Findings: Microfinance institutions that attain higher financial sustainability and positive outreach are ranked high. The result shows that the threshold sustainability level of the microfinance sector in Pakistan from 2006-2015 was 23.52, 26.31, 23.80, 45.83, 45.83, 66.67, 77.77, 91.60, and 88.88 percent respectively. Although the sustainability level in 2015 decreases with respect to 2014, still the overall growth of the sector is remarkable. Practical implications: The results obtained from TOPSIS for evaluating the sustainability of MFIs under the double bottom line highlight its practical applicability. MFIs are under immense pressure by regulatory bodies, investors, donors, and financial experts to achieve sustainability. This index would help MFIs to track progress and improve their sustainability.
Novelty/Originality: This study is the first of its kind to determine the sustainability of MFI by using all the four indicators of sustainability, including financial self-sufficiency, operational self-sufficiency, depth of outreach and breadth of outreach. Existing sustainability indicators does not provide the threshold level of sustainability. Instead, they provide a ranking of MFIs from top to bottom only. This study is novel to identify whether MFIs have met or failed to achieve sustainability by providing the threshold level.
Red cell distribution width and red cell distribution width to total serum calcium ratio as predictors of mortality in acute pancreatitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: BEDEL Cihan , TÜRKOĞLU Sefa 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
We
investigated whether red cell
distribution width (RDW) and red cell distribution width to total serum calcium
(RDW-to-TSC) ratio were associated with mortality in patients with acute
pancreatitis (AP). Methods: A
total of 170 patients who present emergency department between January 2017 and June 2018 with a
diagnosis of AP were enrolled in this study. A comparison between survivor and nonsurvivor AP patients
was performed. Diagnosis of AP were defined according to the revised Atlanta
classification 2012. Variables evaluated included demographics, hospital
stay, laboratorial parameters and mortality. Results: AP
related in-hospital mortality was 6.4%. Red cell distribution (RDW), white
blood cell (WBC), platelet, serum
glucose and RDW-to-TSC ratio were associated with AP mortality. RDW-to-TSC ratio had the
highest AUC (0.88; 95% CI, 0.756-1.0), followed by RDW, serum glucose, platelet and WBC (AUC = 0.801, 0.797, 0.743 and
0.687 respectively). A cut-off value of RDW-to-TSC
ratio &gt;2.0, the highest sensitivity (91.9%), specificity (81.1%), PPV
(82.9%), and NPV (91.1%) were achieved for prediction of AP related in-hospital
mortality in approximately 86.5% of the cases (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions: RDW
and TSC are simple, inexpensive routine
serum parameters, provided in a complete blood count test and available at
admission. This study
showed that RDW &gt; 16.6 and RDW-to-TSC &gt; 2.0 were very good predictors for
AP mortality.
Assessment of line differentiation in the Thoroughbred horse breed using DNA microsatellite loci
Authors: Khrabrova L. A. , Blohina N. V. , Suleymanov O. I. , Rozhdestvenskaya G. А. , Pustovoy V. F. 
Published: August 2019

The Thoroughbred (TB) horse is the best racehorse breed used in the racing industry. This breed has had a closed studbook for about 300 years. In Russia TB horses have been bred since the second half of the XVIII century. The modern Russian Stud Book register of TB horses is partially presented by stallions and broodmares imported from different countries. The genealogical structure of the breed is represented by 17 lines, among which the Northern Dancer line dominates (30.9 %). The study of features of different lines of TB was carried out on 17 loci of DNA microsatellites (VHL20, HTG4, AHT4, HMS7, HTG6, AHT5, HMS6, ASB23, ASB2, HTG10, HTG7, HMS3, HMS2, ASB17, LEX3, HMS1 and CA425) to assess genetic differentiation of the genealogical structure. The results of the DNA typing of 8091 Thoroughbred horses across microsatellite loci show that the gene pool of the domestic population is represented by 100 alleles typical of the breed. A comparative analysis of the genotypes of horses representing different lines indicates that they differ in the number of alleles (85–99), allele frequencies, the level of polymorphism Ae (2.93–3.48) and the degree of the observed heterozygosity Ho (0.653–0.739). The genetic distances between the lines varied in a wide range from 0.014 (Nasrullah – Northern Dancer) to 0.125 (Massine – Teddy). The correspondence to HWE was maintained in most lines, which is confirmed by the negative values of Fis. Cluster analysis demonstrated the correspondence of the obtained dendrogram of Nei’s genetic distances to its genealogical scheme of lines. Genetic differentiation of lines by index Fst varied in a range 0.005–0.073 at the mean value Fst = 0.024. The data indicate genetic differentiation of lines of TB at the STR markers and confirm the effectiveness of the system of linear breeding for the maintenance of interbreed biodiversity.
Anxiety and neurometabolite levels in the hippocampus and amygdala after prolonged exposure to predator-scent stress
Authors: Shevelev O. B. , Tseilikman V. E. , Khotskin N. V. , Khotskina А. S. , Kontsevaya G. V. , Lapshin M. S. , Moshkin M. P. , Komelkova M. V. , Feklicheva I. V. , Tseilikman O. B. , Manukhina E. B. , Downey H. F , Zavjalov E. L. 
Published: August 2019

Here, to study the relationship between anxiety levels with changes in the neurometabolic profile in the hippocampus and amygdala, an experimental predator stress model was reproduced in which Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to cat urine for 10 minutes on a daily basis for 10 days. At the time of presentation of the stimulus, an online survey of behavioral reactions was conducted. Fear, aggressiveness, avoidance of stimulus and grooming were recorded. Fourteen days after the completion of the last stress exposure, the total level of anxiety was determined in the test of the“cross maze”. Using the method of in vivo NMR spectroscopy, the content of neurometabolites was determined in the hippocampus and in the amygdala. According to the peculiarities of behavioral reactions to a stressor, animals were retrospectively divided into two phenotypes. The first phenotype used a passive behavioral strategy, and the second phenotype was active. In animals of the first phenotype, the indicators of anxiety behavior remained at the control level. In animals of the second phenotype, a decrease in anxiety was observed. Animals of the second phenotype showed elevated levels of lactate in the hippocampus compared to animals of the first phenotype, and the lowest N-acetylaspartate levels significantly differed from those in the control and the first phenotype animals. In the amygdala, in animals of the second phenotype, the content of taurine is sharply reduced in comparison with those in the control and the animals of the first phenotype. Thus, the results obtained indicate a relationship of post-stress changes in anxiety, with the peculiarities of the behavioral reactions presented at the moment of the immediate action of the stressor. Among the hippocampal and amygdala neurometabolites, the most informative for the characterization of the anxiolytic action of the predator stress are identified.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Urine Cultures
Authors: ÇALGIN Mustafa , ÇETİNKOL Yeliz 
Published: August 2019

Objective: Enterococcus spesies are among the common causes of nosocomial urinary tract infections mainly, along with other infections and have been observed to have increasing rates of resistance against antimicrobial agents in recent years. The aim of this study is to determine the Enterococcus spp. isolated from urine
cultures in our hospital and to determine antibiotic resistance rates.Methods:
Enterococcus isolates
identification and antibiogram results obtained from urine samples sent to Ordu
University Education and Research Hospital Microbiology laboratory from
inpatients and outpatients were retrospectively evaluated. The identification
and antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the isolates were completed on a VITEK
2 Compact (Biomerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) system. Resistance rates against
ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, tigecycline, linezolid,
teicoplanin and vancomycin were analyzed.Results:
Our study identified 346
Enterococcus strains. These strains were defined as 195 Enterococcus faecalis (56%), 127 Enterococcus faecium (37%) and 24 other
enterococci (7%). The antimicrobials with highest resistance were ciprofloxacin
(51%), ampicillin (42%), nitrofurantoin (14%) and tigecycline (1%), in order,
with no resistance encountered for linezolid, teicoplanin and vancomycin.

Conclusion: Glycopeptide resistance were not encountered among enterococci isolated from urine cultures in our hospital, with qunolone resistance at the fore. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests
are important to select appropriate treatments.
THE EVALUATION OF HEALTH PROMOTION MEDIA AVAILABILITY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Pertiwi Wiwik Eko , Annissa Annissa 
Published: August 2019

Background: Health promotion is an effort to distribute health messages to all levels of society. In order for the achievement of the main purpose of health promotion , media or tools are needed so health promotion becomes effective and efficient. The lack of availability of health promotion media especially in elementary schools is still low, so that it affects the low condition of student knowledge and attitudes in healthy behaviors. Purpose: This study was aimed to determine the availability of health promotion media in elementary schools (SD) in Kramatwatu District, Serang Regency, Banten Province. Methods: This study was conducted on December 2017 to July 2018 with a total sample of 31 elementary schools. The study uses a descriptive design that is described in depth about the availability of health promotion media in elementary schools. Results: The results showed that out of 31 elementary schools located in Kramatwatu sub-district, it was found that 64.5% of elementary schools had health promotion media, 29.0% of elementary schools stated that the type of health promotion media were posters, 19.4% were available as health promotional media in book form. A total of 38.7% stated that the number of health promotion media was lacking, 25.8% of the number of health promotion media was sufficient. The health promotion media that are most often accessed by elementary school students were books (67.7%). Conclusion: the availability of health promotion media in elementary schools of Kramatwatu District is still categorized as low.
Emerging Trends in Ocular Drug Delivery Special Reference to In Situ Ophthalmic Gel
Authors: Ram Garg  , Vikas Kumar  , Vandana Sharma  
Published: August 2019

Eye is the most complex and valuable organ of the body, because of its prompt pre-corneal elimination of dosage form. In order to overcome this, researchers developed a new system; in-situ gel forming system. This formulation undergoes phase transition in the eye to form gel, thus prolonging the precorneal contact time which will result in improved visual bioavailability. There are different novel ocular drug delivery systems such as In-situ gel, dendrimers, niosomes, nanoparticulate system, collagen shield, ocular iontophoresis suspension and ocusert etc. This framework comprises of polymer or mixture of polymers which display sol-gel transition due to physicochemical parameters (temperature, ion exchange & pH) of the body. This novel drug delivery system promotes the importantly ease and convenience of administration, deliverance of accurate dose as well as to prolong residence time of drug in contact with mucosa. This review incorporates different temperature, pH, and ion induced in situ-forming polymeric systems used to achieve prolonged contact time of drugs with the cornea and increment their bioavailability.
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome-The Socio-economic Burden in India
Authors: Chairanjib Bhattacharjee  , Debjit Bhowmik  
Published: August 2019

Acute encephalitis syndrome is a clinical condition caused by infection with Japanese encephalitis virus or other infectious and noninfectious causes. Acute poses a great public health problem in India, occurring both in epidemics and sporadically. Seasonal outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome occur with striking regularity in India and lead to substantial mortality. Several viruses, endemic in many parts of India, account for AES. Although Japanese encephalitis virus is a key aetiological agent for AES in India, and has attracted countrywide attention, many recent studies suggest that enteroviruses and rhabdo viruses might account for outbreaks of AES. It is a neurological disorder which affects the brain and the limbic system when a specific strain of virus or a bacteria attacks the body. Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue. Once the virus enters inside the blood, it starts migrating to the brain tissues and multiplies itself into numbers. As soon as the signal reaches to our immune system, it generates a response to it in the form of inflamed brain or we can say swelled up brain. When this self-generated response and the infection combines, this leads to viral encephalitis and it majorly affects the spinal cord and our central nervous system causing damage to the brain cells through virus-infected blood vessels.
Role of family influence, gender, and entrepreneurial education on Indonesian vocational students becoming entrepreneurs
Authors: Arquisola Maria Jacinta , Muanar Iseu Adywianti 
Published: August 2019

The study analyzed whether family influence, gender, and entrepreneurial education would influence vocational students’ desire to become entrepreneurs. A survey was conducted in 6 vocational schools in Tasikmalaya, West Java, involving 246 vocational students. Using multiple regression analysis, findings show that entrepreneurial education has the highest influence (57.5%) shaping entrepreneurial intention among vocational students, while gender account for 30% influence on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Male and female students believed that they must be given the same opportunities for entrepreneurship, yet there are feminine and masculine attributes that differentiate successful entrepreneurial plans between genders. Lastly, findings show that family background has the least influence (16%) on entrepreneurial intentions. Respondents disclosed that there are many choices open to them aside from being entrepreneurs, and they would opt for this choice instead of following their parents. Nevertheless, they believe in family support through advice and access to capital. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed. This study has shown evidence that entrepreneurship can be a solution to Indonesia’s high unemployment problem for young vocational students, but this entails better entrepreneurial education, the provision of gender-equal opportunities for males and female students, and enhanced family support for entrepreneurial ventures.
Shareholder loyalty and firm value creating outcomes in Kenya
Authors: Kimunya Amos Muhinga , Njuguna Amos , Wambalamba Francis 
Published: August 2019

The study aimed at examining the effect of shareholder loyalty on firm value-creating outcomes in Kenya. The study used a sample of 117 institutional shareholders in listed firms in Kenya. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, mode, and median and inferential statistics including factor analysis, regression, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study concluded that shareholder loyalty has no significant effect on firm value-creating outcomes. The study contributes to the literature on shareholder engagement, particulary on shareholder loyalty from a Kenyan angle. Shareholders are advised to consider their initial cost of investment, costs, and penalties on exit and impact on their business interests with the firm as they decide on their voice or exit actions.
Influence of supportive and participative path-goal leadership styles and the moderating role of task structure on employee performance
Authors: Rana Rozmina , K’Aol George , Kirubi Michael 
Published: August 2019

This study examined the influence of supportive and participative path-goal leadership styles, and the moderating role of task structure on employee performance of coffee trading companies in Kenya. The study was guided by the positivism philosophy and used a descriptive correlational research design. The population comprised 180 senior managers of coffee trading companies in Kenya, and a sample size of 139 was determined using stratified random sampling. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. The response rate was 84%. The descriptive statistics were means and standard deviations while the inferential analysis included factor analysis, correlational analysis, chi-square, and regression analysis. Results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that supportive leadership style did not significantly predict employee performance, R2= 0.001, F(1, 110) = 0.118, p? .05, ? = -0.040, p ? .05 but that participative leadership style significantly predicted employee performance, R2= 0.865, F(1, 115) = 735.111, p ?.05, ? = 0.943, p?05. Task structure was found to moderate the relationship between path-goal leadership styles and employee performance, R2= 0.094, F(5, 101) = 6.92, p ?.05, ? = 0.208, p? .05. The study recommends that leaders of coffee trading companies should apply a participative leadership style with their employees with constant communication and consultation in order to achieve optimal performance.
Influence of participative and achievement oriented leadership styles on employee job satisfaction in commercial banks in Kenya
Authors: Mwaisaka Davidson Mghanga , K'Aol George , Ouma Caren 
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of participative and achievement-oriented leadership styles on employee job satisfaction in commercial banks in Kenya. This study adopted the positivism research philosophy while building a descriptive correlational research design. The target population of the study was 15,030 employees in all the 43 commercial banks licensed to operate in Kenya as of June 2018. , the study drew a sample size of 386 employees reporting to middle-level managers, using a stratified sampling technique. Data were collected utilizing a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics — statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The results of the study showed that a participative leadership style and achievement-oriented leadership styles positively and significantly predicted employee job satisfaction. From the results of the regression analysis after moderation, it was revealed that environmental contingency factors significantly moderated the relationship between path-goal leadership style and employee job satisfaction.
Influence of bank stability on the financial performance of commercial banks in South Sudan
Authors: Chol Bak Barnaba , Nthambi Elizabeth Kalunda , Kamau Joseph N 
Published: August 2019

Despite increasing bank competitiveness within the country for the past half-decade there has been scant literature examining their stability in the face of the numerous internal factors and economic shocks. Hence the current research aims to determine if bank stability has any effect on commercial bank’s fiscal performance in South Sudan. The study was guided by the CAMEL model metrics (ROA and ROE) in measuring stability and its influence on the monetary performance of commercial banks. SPSS 23 was used to carry out subsequent descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The study was primarily grounded on the CAMEL model. The correlation tests indicated that asset quality had a strong positive effect on monetary performance of commercial banks p= .784; a strong positive effect of management efficiency p= .758 and liquidity p= .620.