bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance and suggested alternative strategies in developing Indonesian cocoa export business
Authors: Dradjat Bambang , Herman Herman 
Published: September 2018

Black pod rot disease (BPRD) which is caused by Phytophthora palmivora is one of the main diseases of cocoa cultivations particularly in plantations with wet climate. Black pod rot can develop rapidly under high humidity environments, particularly during rainy seasons. This disease can cause loss of harvest of up to 46.63% in East Java. The various control efforts attempted so far have not resulted in significant improvements. Urea, in addition to functioning as fertilizer, can also produce the ammonia gas which is believed to be able to suppress black pod rot. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of black pod rot control using the combination of lime and urea. This research was conducted from June to September 2013. The materials used in test included sterile soil, black pod rot infected cocoa, urea, and agricultural lime. Observation results showed that ammonia could form from urea. Lime can increase the speed of the formation. The ammonia gas forming from 0.06% urea and 0.3% lime can control the P. palmivora fungus inside the soil. Key words: Pod rot, P. palmivora, urea, lime, ammonia
Effect of flush existence, NAA and GA application on cocoa pod development
Authors: Astuti Y.T.M. , Prawoto Adi , Dewi Kumala 
Published: September 2018

This experiment was carried out to study the photosynthate allocation between flush and young pods, and the effect of (naphthalene acetic acid) and (gibberellic acid) application to sink strength. Two cocoa clones KW 163 and KW 165 located in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffea and Cocoa Research Institut were used on this experiment. Each clone was treated with flushes and without flush. Beside that, the young pods sprayed with NAA 250 mg L-1, GA 250 mg L-1, NAA 250 mg L-1 dan GA 250 mg L-1 and control (K = without NAA and GA). There were 2 x 4 treatment combinations for each clone, and replicated three trees for each combination. The parameter were cherelle wilt percentage, sucrose content, fresh and dry weight, long and diameter of healthy and wilting pods.The result showed that sink strength of young pods was lower than that of flushes, which caused application photosynthate translocation to the young pods was lower. NAA and GA application to the pods could improve sucrose allocation, increased pod weight and cherelle wilt was suppressed. The lack of photosynthate on young pod cause metabolism change, so pod became cherelle wilt. But, there was still not known the optimum concentration and method of application of those growth regulators to obtained minimum cherelle wilt.Key words: Cocoa, flush, pod, naphthylacatic acid, gibberellic acid, cherelle wilt.
Assessing Genetic Diversity Cocoa (Theobroma cacaoL.) Collection Resistant to Cocoa Pod Borer Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Wahyu Susilo Agung , Zhang Dapeng , Motilal Lambert 
Published: September 2018

Breeding for cocoa pod borer (CPB) resistance on cocoa was initiated by selecting the resistant genotypes through cocoa farm in the endemic area. For breeding purpose the collected genotypes should be assessed for their diversity in constructing appropriate mating design. This research has objective to assess genetic diversity of the exploratory collection using DNA fingerprinting. The tested clones were 25 exploratory collections compared to the references of seven international clones from International Cocoa Genebanks, Trinidad and12 national clones. DNA of the tested clones was sequenced using 15 SSR markers at Sustainable Perennial Crop Laboratory of Beltsville Agriculture Research Center.Data of fingerprinting were analyzed using GenAlEx program to perform number of alleles, observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and genetic distance. The tested clones performed high genetic diversity with the number of alleles was 98 (6.53 per locus) compared to the national clones andinternational clones were 95 (6.33 per locus) and 86 (5.73 per locus), respectively. The observed heterozygosity of the tested clones (Ho = 0.63) was higher thannational clones (Ho = 0.60) and international clones (Ho = 0.49) then supported by the expected heterozygosity (He) of the tested clones (He = 0.71) also highin equal value with international clones (He = 0.74). Cluster analysis grouped the tested clones to three main genetic groups, namely Trinitario, Forastero and unidentified group. The CPB-resistant clones of ARDACIAR 10 and KW 397 were clustered in different group that indicate a far distance of their genetic background.Key words:Genetic diversity, cocoa, CPB resistance, simple sequence repeat marker.
Characteristics of Quality Profile and Agribusiness of Robusta Coffee in Tambora Mountainside, Sumbawa
Authors: Aklimawati Lya , . Yusianto , Mawardi Surip 
Published: September 2018

Coffee development in Indomesia by means of optimalizing local resources needs to be done for increasing national coffee production as well as for expanding domestic and international markets. These opportunities must be used to gain benefit as a strategic action for raising farmer’s prosperity. This study was aimed to observe physical quality and flavor profile of Robusta coffee from Tambora mountainside, and to identify agribusiness coffee system applied by the farmers, including problem identification at farmer’s level. This research was carried out at Pekat Subdistrict (Dompu District) and Tambora Subdistrict (Bima District), West Nusa Tenggara Province. Direct observation and in-depth interviews were conducted in this study. Data collected consisted of primary and secondary data, as well as 11 green coffee samples from farmers to be analysed its physical quality and flavor profile. The number of respondents were nine stakeholders consisted of three farmers, two farmer group leaders, one field officer, one duty officer, one trader, and one large planter official. Respondents selection were based on convenience sampling method. The results showed that physical quality of coffee bean was belonged to Grade 4—6 (fair to poor quality), while broken beans shared the highest number of physical defects. Robusta coffee from Tambora mountainside performed good taste profile, that the coffee can be promoted to be fine Robusta by improving post harvest handling. Robusta coffee farming at Tambora mountainside was characterized by monoculture cropping system, average of land ownerships about 1 ha/household, and average productivity about 900—1,000 kg green coffee/ha/year. Major problems on Robusta coffee farming at Tambora mountainside consisted of lack of coffee plant maintenance as well as limited accessibility to financing and technology. Key words: agribusiness, physical quality, flavor, Robusta coffee, Tambora mountainside
Effect of Service Quality on Coffee Based Economic Cluster Development on Farmers and other Stakeholders Satisfaction in Bondowoso District
Authors: Aklimawati Lya , Sumarno Djoko , Mawardi Surip 
Published: September 2018

Economic cluster approach can be used to enhance economic growth of region by optimizing local resources. Coffee is one of plantation commodity which developed in Bondowoso district through economic cluster model. Low quality coffee beans and inefficiency marketing system were the basic problems at farmer level that pushed for developing economic coffee cluster. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of service quality on economic coffee cluster development toward farmers and stakeholders satisfaction. This research was carried out at Bondowoso District, East Java. Direct observation and interviews coffee farmers and stakeholders using close questions was conducted in this study. Data collected consisted of primary and secondary data. The number of respondents were 47 stakeholders consisted of 5 officers from BI Jember, 5 officers from Dishutbun Bondowoso, 2 officers from Perum Perhutani and 35 farmers. Respondents selection was based on convenience sampling method. Primary data was analyzed by using correlation and multiple linier regression analysis. The result showed that the relationship between dimensions of service quality with each other varies from weak to strong. Stakeholders satisfaction (included farmers) on economic coffee cluster implementation was influenced significantly by tangible at significance level 5%. While reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy has no effect to stakeholders satisfaction at significance level 5%. Keyword : satisfaction, farmer, stakeholder, service quality, economic cluster, coffee
The effect of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on in vitro callogenesis of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Pancaningtyas Sulistyani 
Published: September 2018

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) development using modern breeding techniques can be facilitated by propagation of planting material through somatic embryogenesis. Various factors that may affect embryogenesis are the composition of culture medium and culture condition. Hormone commonly used to initiate the formation of callus is auxin with type 2.4-D (2.4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of 2.4 -D hormoneson the process of cocoa embryogenesis. The treatments were arragged in factorial combination in completely randomized design, which consisted of two factors. Thefirst factor was the concentration of auxin 2,4-D 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %; and the second factor was cocoa clones; Sulawesi 01 and Sulawesi 02. The resultshowed that the addition of 2.4-D hormone up to 100% on somatic embryogenesis of cocoa for Sulawesi 01 clone was not significantly different from Sulawesi 02 clone for all parameters. While on the addition of 2.4-D, there was significant difference between Sulawesi 01 and 02. Cocoa embryogenic callus using the addition of 2.4-D (25%-100%) was significantly different from control. Increased concentrations of 2,4-D hormone which is applied onto media would inhibit the formation of the somatic embryo. Addition of 2.4 D 25%, encouraged towards non-embryogenic callus. Keywords: 2.4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, embryogenic callus, somatic embryos, cocoa, medium culture, hormone
Runoff Water in Cocoa Plantation as Affected by Rorak Number and Mulch Type
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Purwanto Purwanto , Bako Baon John 
Published: September 2018

Soil erosion is a serious problem in the field of ecology and environment. Providing rorak (small blocked ditches) and mulches as an alternative conservation action is expected to minimize water runoff. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combination of rorak and mulches in controlling water runoff in a cocoa farm. Location of this research was in Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute during rainy season in early 2015. This research used a nested design in which there is a complete factorial design of random groups that every combination treatment was repeated three times. Each experiment plot consisted of 16 cocoa trees of eight years old. The first factor was rorak treatment consisted of without rorak, 9 rorak per 16 trees (plot) and 16 rorak per 16 trees, whereas the second factor was mulch treatment consisted of control (without mulch), cocoa leaves as mulch and rice straw mixed with cocoa leaves as mulch. Rorak collecting runoff water was made of aluminum with a length of 40 cm, width 30 cm and high 30 cm. Observation of runoff water was carried out early every morning. The results showed that increased number of rorak combined with cocoa leaf and rice straw significantly controlled runoff water compared to control. Rorak and mulch treatments were able to reduce runoff water compared to control. High number of rorak per plot increased the effectiveness in controlling runoff water when it was combined with mulch especially mixture of wide leaf (cocoa leaf) and needleshaped leaf (rice straw). Treatment of 16 rorak in every 16 trees with cocoa leaves and rice straw mulch could reduce runoff water by 82.8% compared to a control.
Application of Marketing Mix in Home Industry: Focussed on Micro and Small-Scale Coffee Industries
Authors: Aklimawati Lya , Soemarno Djoko , Mawardi Surip 
Published: September 2018

Differences in marketing strategies with other industries are needed to maintain business sustainability especially for facing fierce market competition. This research was aimed to identify a marketing mix implemented in micro and small scale coffee industries, and to identify external factors that affected business sustainability. This study was carried out in Sumberwringin Sub-district, Bondowoso District, East Java. Respondents of this study were 25 coffee industry players selected by using judgement sampling method. Primary and secondary data were collected in this study. Data were analyzed with descriptive-qualitative method and interactive analysis. The results showed that micro and small-scale coffee industries was still implementing conventional marketing pattern. The marketing mix which applied in coffee industry, were (a) the product mix was not persistent that depended on consumer demand; (b) selling price of product was determined from cost production and profit margins; (c) distribution was conducted with active and passive marketing particularly based on customer orders; (d) promotion mix was implemented by direct marketing, personal selling, and word of mouth. Micro-environments of the marketing affecting micro and small-scale coffee industries were: (a) customers as main target market in form of consumer markets and alternative target market as re-seller markets; (b) high intensity competition as a result of large number of competitors and lack of product diversification; (c) many raw material suppliers, but expensive input production cost; (d) there was no a marketing partnership with marketer agent/other partner, but it had strategic partnership with supplier and government; (e) government policies on product development and marketing had been implemented by facilitating exhibition activity, processing equipment, and training.
Relationship Analysis Between Leaf-Stomata Characteristics with Cocoa Resistance to Vascular-Streak Dieback
Authors: Wahyu Soesilo Agung , Arisandy Poppy , Sari Indah Anita , Harimurti Rudi 
Published: September 2018

Characteristics of leaf-stomata indicate having relationship with the resistance of cocoa to vascular-streak dieback (VSD) caused by Ceratobasidum theobromae. This research has objective to identify the relationship between leaf-stomata haracteristicsto VSD resistance in order to develop criteria for selection. Trial was establised in randomized-complete block design with three blocks as replications in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) using 15 clones which had different background on VSD resistance. Leaf-stomata of the tested clones were characterized using variables of number of stomata, stomata size, width of opened-stomata and size of stomata mouth in three different level of leaf growth, namely flush, young and mature. VSD resistance was assessed by scoring the damage in the scale of 0-6 that the tested clones were classified into five group sof resistance. Analysis of variance indicated a significant effect of cocoa clone to the number of stomata in all categories of leaf sample but the other leaf-stomata haracteristics were significantly affected by cocoa clone just at the young and mature leaf. Correlation analysis performed a significant inter-correlation between variables of leaf-stomata characteristics in young leaf and the score of VSD resistance. However, number of stomata and width of opened-stomata in the mature leaf were significantly correlated to the score of VSD resistance. Genetic variance analysis showed a high category of broad sense heritability for the number of stomata and width of the penedstomata in young leaf that both of the variables can be developed as criteria for selection on VSD resistance.
A relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and hematologic parameters in patients with Down Syndrome
Authors: YAZAR Abdullah , YORULMAZ Alaaddin , TURE Esra , AKİN Fatih , SERT Ahmet 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) which is defined as
trisomy 21 is the most common chromosomal defect characterized by mental
retardation, hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features, and other distinctive
phenotypic characteristics. The prevalence of thyroid disorders in DS is 3% and
is significantly higher than in the normal population. In this study we aimed to investigate hematologic parameters
of children with DS who had and hadn’t subclinical hypothyroidism and compare
them with healthy controls. Methods:
This study included 184 patients who were followed up
with genetically diagnosed DS. Complete
blood count, levels of serum electrolytes, glucose, urea, liver function tests,
thyroid function tests were reviewed. Results: 102 (55.4%)
of the patients with DS were male and 82 (44.6%) were female. Mean age was 6.2
± 4.0 years. Control group was constituted of outpatient
healthy children. White blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and
neutrophil counts were found to be significantly lower in patients with DS. Platelet count and plateletcrit levels were
found to be higher and platelet distribution width was lower in patients with
DS than in the control group.

Conclusion: We found significant differences among
hematological parameters in patients with DS. Subclinical
hypothyroidism
influences red blood cell distribution width, platelet count and MPV. Knowing
the incidence and severity of hematologic abnormalities in patients with DS will
be beneficial during follow-up in clinical practice.
Interrelation of Controls for Autonomous Motivation: A Field Study of Productivity Gains Through Pressure-Induced Process Innovation
Authors: Pfister Jan A. , Lukka Kari 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
This field study investigates an empirical setting where the introduction of new formal results controls—stretch targets for productivity that are seemingly unachievable with current process efficiencies—is associated with high productivity gains over extended periods of time. Contrary to findings from the prior management accounting research, employees meet the targets by being creative and risk-taking in continuously innovating processes, despite the pressure induced by high target-level difficulty. Mobilizing self-determination theory, we argue that a specific interrelation of personnel and cultural control with results control supports internalization of the latter by employees. In this situation, employees perceive the high performance required by the results control assimilated into their own values, which facilitates the autonomous motivation necessary for their creativity. Our findings contribute to the literature by identifying the conditions, and discovering the mechanisms, that enhance the efficacy of stretch targets.
Teaching Data Analytics Skills in Auditing Classes Using Tableau
Authors: Weirich Thomas R. , Tschakert Norbert , Kozlowski Stephen 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
We present a case for teaching data analytics skills in auditing classes using the data visualization software Tableau. We use the Tableau-embedded data file “US Superstore,” which we edited to include cash receipts and discounts to provide a complete order to cash cycle. Students learn how to create data visualizations and dashboards, and how to apply them to audit-planning considerations. Students then perform substantive testing of the revenue (order to cash) cycle and identify issues in the data that relate to revenue. We propose that this case material can be tailored by instructors to fit their particular needs and course curriculum. This case provides students with hands-on exposure to data analytic and visualization capabilities. Student feedback was very favorable and student comments indicated that the case was practical, realistic, and informative, and provided them a better understanding of data visualization.
Data Availability: For data availability, please contact the corresponding author.
The experience of 70 heart transplants in a multidisciplinary medical care facility
Authors: Khubutiya M. Sh. , Sokolov V. V. , Redkoborodyy A. V. , Kozlov I. A. , Timerbaev V. Kh. , Khutsishvili L. G. , Bikbova N. M. , Parkhomenko M. V. , Kosolapov D. A. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction.The total number of patients with chronic heart failure in Russia had reached 15 million by 2016, including 6 million of those with the end-stage heart failure. Currently, heart transplantation (HT) provides the only possible method of a definite treatment of the disease, which allows a significant steady and long-term improvement of patient's quality of life. The purpose of this article was to review the experience of heart transplantation in a multidisciplinary medical institution over an 8-year period.Material and methods. Since September 2009, more than 300 patients have been studied for the presence of indications for heart transplantation in the Department of Urgent Cardiology, Assisted Circulation and Heart Transplantation of the Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine. Eighty of all the screened potential recipients were included in the waiting list, and by the end of 2017, heart transplantations had been performed in 70 of them; the mean waiting time for transplantation was 93 ± 79 days.Results.The graft ischemia time averaged 174 ± 28 minutes (97 to 250 minutes). The graft ischemia time was 187 ± 36 minutes with the biatrial technique and 169 ± 24 minutes with bicaval technique. That parameter made 184 ± 23 minutes for a distant organ retrieval, while for a local organ retrieval it was 155 ± 29 minutes. By the end of 2017, of 70 cardiac transplant recipients enrolled in the analyzed group, 31 patients (44%) had died, 12 of whom during their hospital stay (hospital mortality was 18%). The main cause of death was the multiple organ failure syndrome in the early postoperative period, and infectious complications in the later period.Conclusion.The advantage of establishing the organ transplantation center (particularly for heart transplantation) in a multidisciplinary medical care facility lies in reduced donor organ ischemia time and starting treatment of complications without delay. The number of infectious complications, as well as complications associated with acute cellular rejection and coronary artery disease of the transplanted heart can be reduced by creating a regional system ensuring the targeted work with post transplant patients.
Somos socios cadetes, todaví­a no nos pasaron a pleno: institucionalización y desafí­os actuales del campo de Estudios Sociales del Deporte. Entrevista a Pablo Alabarces
Authors: Hang Julia , Iuliano Rodolfo 
Published: September 2018

Somos socios cadetes, todaví­a no nos pasaron a pleno: institucionalización y desafí­os actuales del campo de Estudios Sociales del Deporte. Entrevista a Pablo Alabarces por Julia Hang y Rodolfo Iuliano