bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymeric nanocapsular baicalin: Chemometric optimization, physicochemical characterization and mechanistic anticancer approaches on breast cancer cell lines
Authors: I. El-Gogary Riham , Gaber Sara A. Abdel , Nasr Maha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBaicalin is a multi-purpose flavonoid known for its anticancer properties, but its application is hindered by its low water solubility and bioavailability. Polymeric nanocapsules were proposed in this work as a promising system for enhancing baicalin delivery, and potentiating its anticancer properties. The characterization of nanocapsules was augmented with chemometric analysis, and the selected formulations were tested on two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), with mechanistic anticancer elucidation using MTT assay, confocal microscopy uptake, flow cytometry, mechanism of cell death, reactive oxygen species production, caspase 3/7 activity and death biomarker expression using quantitative real time PCR. Results showed that baicalin nanocapsules displayed favorable pharmaceutical properties; with the formulation variables affecting their properties elucidated using chemometric factorial analysis. Nanocapsules enhanced the anticancer activity of baicalin up to 216 times for MCF-7 cells and 31 times for MDA-MB-231 after 24 hr incubation. Cellular internalization of the fluorescently labeled nanocapsules was confirmed after 4 hr incubation for both cell lines. Apoptosis was the dominant cell death mechanism, with significant up-regulation of P53 in baicalin nanocapsules treated cells. Data here presented drive to further preclinical studies to investigate the delivery of baicalin polymeric nanocapsules and their anti-cancer activity.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhong Guo-Chao , Tan Hao-Yang , Hao Fa-Bao , Hu Jie-Jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of mortality remains controversial. The present study aimed to clarify this issue. A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was conducted through October 2018. Studies providing risk estimates of NAFLD and mortality were included. A random-effects model was employed to calculate summary risk estimates. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential effect modifiers. Fourteen studies, involving 498501 subjects and 24234 deaths, were included. Patients with NAFLD were found to be at an elevated risk of all-cause mortality compared with those without [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–1.54)]. The significantly positive association between NAFLD and all-cause mortality could not be modified by age, sex, follow-up duration, and adjustment for body mass index, diabetes, smoking or hypertension (all Pinteraction > 0.05), and remained in sensitivity analyses. No significant associations of NAFLD with CVD (HR = 1.13; 95% CI 0.92–1.38) and cancer (HR = 1.05; 95% CI 0.89–1.25) mortality were found. In conclusion, NAFLD is a predictor of increased all-cause mortality but not CVD and cancer mortality. These findings have important implications for decision making in public health and clinical practice, and highlight the urgency of developing effective treatments for NAFLD.
Stable InSe transistors with high-field effect mobility for reliable nerve signal sensing
Authors: Jiang Jianfeng , Li Jingxin , Li Yutao , Duan Jiazhzhi , Li Linshen , Tian Ye , Zong Zhihua , Zheng Haotian , Feng Xianjin , Li Qiqiang , Liu Hong , Zhang Yu , Ren Tian-Ling , Han Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmong two-dimensional layered semiconductors, indium selenide (InSe) is one of the most promising materials with absolute advantages in field-effect transistors (FETs) because of its high electron mobility and stable material properties. Some work has been performed to improve the mobility of InSe FETs. However, in practical applications, electrical stability of FETs is another essential factor to guarantee the performance of the electronic system. Here, we show a highly stable InSe FET with a field-effect mobility of 1200 cm2/V·s in the practical working regime. The bottom-gate staggered InSe FET was fabricated with a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/HfO2 dual-layer gate dielectric and PMMA back-channel encapsulation. The hysteresis was maintained at 0.4 V after 30 days of storage under normal ambient conditions, and the threshold voltage shift was retained at 0.6 V with a gate stress VGS of 10 V, which represents the best electrical stability reported to date. Its high mobility and electrical stability enable reliable detection of the weak nerve action potential at a low power consumption. High-performance InSe FETs expand their promising applications in flexible and in situ real-time intelligent nerve action potential recording.
Visualizing hydrogen diffusion in magnetic film through magneto-optical Kerr effect
Authors: Chang Po-Chun , Chang Yun-Ying , Wang Wei-Hsiang , Lo Fang-Yuh , Lin Wen-Chin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe kinematics of hydrogen diffusion in nontransparent metallic materials is crucial to the hydrogen-sensing and -storage technology and remains a challenge. Alongside the conventional optical investigations, the hydrogen absorption-induced reversible changes of magnetic properties in ferromagnetic thin films provides a new method for visualization of hydrogen in solids. Here we monitor real-time hydrogen diffusion in a cobalt-palladium alloy (Co25Pd75) film using a magneto-optical Kerr microscope. The spatially resolved magneto-optical contrasted images provide a noninvasive method of monitoring hydrogen movement. Hydrogen diffusion follows Fick’s diffusion law, and a diffusion coefficient of 3 ± 2 × 10−12 m2/s is obtained. The diffusion velocity of the 2–4% hydrogen concentration fronts reaches 30 ± 15 nm/s in the uniform film area and increases to 50 ± 20 nm/s near a defect site. These results can be applied in detecting hydrogen diffusion in other spintronic materials, such as magnetic palladium-alloy thin films.
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Voice
Authors: Abitbol Jean 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to update the management of the treatment of the female voice at perimenopause and menopause. Voice and hormones—these are 2 words that clash, meet, and harmonize. If we are to solve this inquiry, we shall inevitably have to understand the hormones, their impact, and the scars of time. The endocrine effects on laryngeal structures are numerous: The actions of estrogens and progesterone produce modification of glandular secretions. Low dose of androgens are secreted principally by the adrenal cortex, but they are also secreted by the ovaries. Their effect may increase the low pitch and decease the high pitch of the voice at menopause due to important diminution of estrogens and the privation of progesterone.
The menopausal voice syndrome presents clinical signs, which we will describe. I consider menopausal patients to fit into 2 broad types: the “Modigliani” types, rather thin and slender with little adipose tissue, and the “Rubens” types, with a rounded figure with more fat cells. Androgen derivatives are transformed to estrogens in fat cells. Hormonal replacement therapy should be carefully considered in the context of premenopausal symptom severity as alternative medicine. Hippocrates: “Your diet is your first medicine.”
Mechanical properties of particles from the surface of asteroid 25143 Itokawa
Authors: Tanbakouei Safoura , Trigo-Rodríguez Josep M. , Sort Jordi , Michel Patrick , Blum Jürgen , Nakamura Tomoki , Williams Iwan 
Published: July 2019

Aims.Asteroids have been exposed to impacts since their formation, and as a consequence their surfaces are covered by small particles, pebbles, and boulders. The Japanese JAXA/ISAS Hayabusa mission collected micron-sized particles from the regolith of asteroid 25143 Itokawa. The study in terrestrial laboratories of these particles provides a scientific opportunity as their physical properties can be compared with those characteristic of chondritic meteorites that are often considered proxies of the building materials of potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs).Methods.Here we present the results from a study of the mechanical properties of three of these particles using a precise technique called nanoindentation. The derived results are compared with those obtained via a methodology similar to that used for the Chelyabinsk meteorite.Results.The reduced Young’s modulus values obtained for the Itokawa samples are higher than those measured for the Chelyabinsk chondrite, so these specific particles of asteroid regolith are more compacted than the minerals forming the particular LL chondrite associated with PHAs. This might be a natural consequence of particles surviving long exposure times on the surface of a (near-Earth asteroid) NEA. The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission plans to excavate a crater in the surface of the (65803) Didymos satellite. Our results suggest that excavating a crater with a kinetic impactor in an area of significant fine-grained regolith will increase the momentum transfer. As this will facilitate the release of particles carrying target mass in the opposite direction to the movement of the projectile, there is no need to grind up the target during the mechanical excavation phase.
Die Erwartungen an das Aufklärungsgespräch aus Patientensicht – strukturierte Befragung von 100 Patienten einer ophthalmologischen Universitätsambulanz
Authors: Enders Christian , Ryszka Joanna , Lang Gabriele E. , Strametz Reinhard , Lang Gerhard K. , Werner Jens Ulrich 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Krankheitsverständnis der Patienten sowie deren Erwartungen an das Aufklärungsgespräch und den Therapieerfolg entsprechen nicht immer den ärztlichen Zielsetzungen und Einschätzungen. Umso wichtiger ist es, dass man im Aufklärungsgespräch gezielt auf Erwartungen und Wissenslücken der Patienten eingehen kann, insbesondere wenn es um den therapeutischen Erfolg geht. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Erhebung des krankheitsbezogenen Wissensstands und die Evaluierung der Erwartungen von Patienten in ophthalmologischer Behandlung.
Methode Mittels überwiegend geschlossener Fragen wurden in einer ophthalmologischen Ambulanz einer Universitätsklinik konsekutiv 100 Patienten anonym und strukturiert befragt. Die Antwortmöglichkeiten wurden überwiegend als Einzelauswahl auf einer Ratingskala vorgegeben.
Ergebnis 55% der Patienten hatten im Vorfeld einen ophthalmologischen Eingriff erlebt, 36% mindestens 2 ophthalmologische Eingriffe. Mehr als die Hälfte der Patienten hatte sich nicht näher mit dem bevorstehenden Eingriff beschäftigt (52%). Am meisten hatten die Patienten Angst vor Komplikationen (59%), am wenigsten vor der Betäubung (29%). Am wichtigsten war den Patienten eine Aufklärung über Komplikationen und sie wünschten sich am meisten Informationen über die Auswirkungen des Eingriffs auf den Alltag.
Schlussfolgerung Etwa die Hälfte der Patienten hatte sich im Vorfeld des Aufklärungsgesprächs nicht mit dem erforderlichen operativen Eingriff beschäftigt. Eine verständliche Aufklärung hinsichtlich der Erfolgsraten und der möglichen postoperativen Beeinträchtigungen sowie die Bereitstellung von übersichtlichem Aufklärungsmaterial erscheinen maßgeblich. So könnten über die Klinikhomepage Patienten im Vorfeld eines operativen Eingriffs allgemeine Informationen angeboten werden. Neue Medien scheinen für Patienten in diesem Zusammenhang bisher allerdings noch eine untergeordnete Rolle zu spielen.
Myostatin als potenzieller Marker für das Kompartmentsyndrom bei elektrischen Verletzungen
Authors: Wallner Christoph , Houschyar Khosrow Siamak , Drysch Marius , Lehnhardt Marcus , Behr Björn 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Elektrische Unfälle und insbesondere daraus resultierende Kompartmentsyndrome sind herausfordernde Verletzungen in der klinischen Behandlung. Kreatinkinase (CK) und Myoglobin sind bekannte Laborparameter zur Bestimmung eines Kompartmentsyndroms.
Methoden Wir haben Patienten mit elektrischen Verletzungen zwischen 2006 und 2016 in unserer Verbrennungsklinik untersucht. Wir wollten die Rolle von Myostatin als Marker für das Kompartmentsyndrom durch Serummessungen innerhalb von 24 h nach der Verletzung analysieren.
Ergebnisse Wir haben Daten von 24 Patienten erhoben, die mit einer elektrischen Hochspannungsverletzung stationär behandelt wurden. Von diesen 24 Patienten konnten wir bei 14 Patienten Myostatinkonzentrationen messen. Während CK-MB (Kreatinkinase Typ Muscle-Brain [MB]) keine signifikante Korrelation mit einem Kompartmentsyndrom zeigte, zeigten CK und Myostatin einen stark signifikanten Anstieg. Interessanterweise war Myostatin bei elektrischen Verletzungen signifikant erhöht, jedoch nicht bei Verbrennungen, während CK keinen signifikanten Unterschied zeigte.
Schlussfolgerung Neben CK kann Myostatin somit als zuverlässiger Frühmarker für das Kompartmentsyndrom bei elektrischen Verletzungen dienen.
Praxisorientiertes Pflegekonzept
Authors: Beese Ingrid 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungWie delirante Patienten nicht nur körperlich, sondern auch kognitiv und emotional
in einem Akut-Krankenhaus rehabilitiert werden können, beschreibt unsere Autorin
anhand eines praxisbezogenen Pflegekonzepts.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy using a 22-G fine needle biopsy needle: a prospective study
Authors: Hasan Muhammad K. , Kadkhodayan Kambiz , Idrisov Evgeny , Ali Saeed , Rafiq Ehsan , Ben-Ami Shor Dana , Abdel-Jalil Ala , Navaneethan Uday , Bang Ji , Varadarajulu Shyam , Hawes Robert , Pernicone Peter 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB) using a 19-gauge (19-G) EUS needle is becoming increasingly popular. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a 22-G EUS fine needle biopsy (FNB) needle for performing EUS-LB.
Methods Patients referred for evaluation of elevated liver enzymes and without obstructive disease requiring endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were included. Using a 22-G FNB needle, two passes were made from the left lobe and one from the right. The main outcome measure was adequacy of the specimen for histology interpretation, and the secondary outcome was the safety of EUS-guided liver biopsy with a 22-G FNB needle. Patients were followed for post-procedure complications for 30 days.
Results 40 patients (median age 61 years; 26 women) underwent EUS-LB. Analyzing by needle passes, the median longest core fragment was 12 mm (1st quartile – 3rd quartile 10 mm – 16.25 mm, interquartile range [IQR] 6.25 mm) from the left lobe and 11 mm (10 mm – 15.75 mm, IQR 5.75 mm) from the right lobe. The median cumulative core length per patient was 55 mm (44.5 mm – 68 mm, IQR 23.5 mm). The median cumulative number of complete portal triads (CPTs) per patient was 42 (28.5 – 53, IQR 24.5). The specimen was considered adequate in all 40 patients (100 %). Self-limiting abdominal pain was reported in 6 patients (15 %).
Conclusions EUS-LB using a 22-G FNB needle is a safe and viable alternative to the use of larger gauge needles, yielding adequate tissue for evaluation of parenchymal disease in 100 % of the patients.
Endothelial Function in Patients with Severe and Moderate Haemophilia A and B
Authors: Böhmert Stephanie , Schubert Ralf , Fichtlscherer Stephan , Alesci Sonja , Miesbach Wolfgang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe life expectancy of patients with haemophilia has increased and therefore the interest in age-related comorbidities has grown. The aim of this study was to determine whether haemophilia patients have a different endothelial function compared with the general population. A total of 26 patients with severe or moderate haemophilia A or B, 14 controls and 36 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were included in this study. Five markers of endothelial dysfunction (MOEDs) were determined. Moreover, the endothelial function was examined using the Itamar Endo-PAT, and the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) was calculated from the results. The MOEDs soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (p = 0.0095) and interleukin-6 (p = 0.010) were significantly higher for patients with haemophilia compared with the control group. The presence of increased adhesion molecule levels and low-grade inflammation is suggestive of a decreased endothelial function. RHI is impaired in CAD patients (1.862), whereas haemophilia patients have an RHI of 1.958 in comparison with 2.112 in controls (p = 0.127). Therefore, laboratory and functional measurements imply a possible higher risk for CAD in haemophilia patients.
Trigeminal Amyloidoma: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Swanson Amy , Giannini Caterina , Link Michael , Van Gompel Jamie , Wald John , McPhail Ellen , Theis Jason , Vaubel Rachael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCerebral amyloidomas, characterized by localized amyloid deposits in the nervous system in the absence of systemic disease, are rare. These typically consist of immunoglobulin light chain (AL)-type, predominantly lambda. Trigeminal nerve involvement is exceptionally rare with only 21 previously reported cases, three with bilateral disease. We report two additional cases of amyloid localized to Meckel’s cave with secondary involvement of the trigeminal nerves bilaterally, with protein characterization by mass spectrometry. The patients, both females, 39 and 49-years-old, respectively, presented with the insidious onset of progressive trigeminal neuropathy, including pain and numbness with sensory loss, refractory to medical therapy. One patient experienced bilateral symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal thickening and contrast enhancement along Meckel’s cave bilaterally in both cases. The clinical differential diagnosis included benign neoplasms and inflammatory disorders. At the time of biopsy, the trigeminal nerve was noted to be enlarged and multinodular in one case and associated with abnormal soft tan tissue in the other case. Microscopically, the nerve biopsies showed extensive Congo red-positive amyloid deposits. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated that the amyloid was of (AL)-type in both cases (AL [kappa] in one case and AL [lambda] in the other). After extensive evaluation, there was no evidence of systemic involvement. Both patients received localized radiotherapy for their refractory symptoms. One patient has stable symptomatology and imaging. No follow-up is available for the other patient.
A Theoretical Model Describing the Dynamics of Venous Flow in the DIEP Flap
Authors: Karadsheh Murad J. , Shafqat M. Shuja , Krupp James C. , Weiss Eric S. , Patel Sameer A. 
Published: July 2019

Background The deep inferior epigastric artery flap is an integral component of autologous breast reconstruction. The technical aspects of performing the flap have been well-established. A prior mathematical model suggested using the largest perforator and concluded that the inclusion of additional perforators may decrease resistance and increase flow, but at the downside of increased tissue trauma. Many complications may result from inadequate venous drainage of the flap and the same mathematical concepts may be applied. We attempt to give a mathematical model, based on the physics of flow and properties of circuits, to explain clinical observations regarding venous drainage of the flap and the complications that may arise.
Methods We compare the different possible venous drainage systems of a perforator flap to a complex circuit with multiple resistances. Multiple venous perforators will be represented by resistances in parallel, while the deep and superficial drainage systems will be represented by a complex circuit loop.
Results Drainage of the flap may be optimized through the deep drainage system if the venous perforators are of sufficient size. Inclusion of additional perforators may decrease resistance and enhance drainage. Salvage procedures may be necessary when the venous perforators are insufficient in size or when there are insufficient connections between the deep and superficial systems.
Conclusion A single large sized vessel may provide adequate drainage in most DIEP flaps, while the use of multiple vessels may enhance drainage upon the encounter of smaller vessels. Salvage procedures may be needed to relieve venous congestion as the design of the venous system becomes more complicated.
Design and Implementation of a Comprehensive Surveillance System for Venous Thromboembolism in a Defined Region Using Electronic and Manual Approaches
Authors: Ortel Thomas L. , Arnold Katie , Beckman Michele , Brown Audrey , Reyes Nimia , Saber Ibrahim , Schulteis Ryan , Singh Bhavana Pendurthi , Sitlinger Andrea , Thames Elizabeth H. 
Published: July 2019

Background Systematic surveillance for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the United States has been recommended by several organizations. Despite adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs) by most health care providers and facilities, however, systematic surveillance for VTE is not available.
Objectives This article develops a comprehensive, population-based surveillance strategy for VTE in a defined geographical region.
Methods The primary surveillance strategy combined computerized searches of the EMR with a manual review of imaging data at the Duke University Health System in Durham County, North Carolina, United States. Different strategies of searching the EMR were explored. Consolidation of results with autopsy reports (nonsearchable in the EMR) and with results from the Durham Veterans' Administration Medical Center was performed to provide a comprehensive report of new VTE from the defined region over a 2-year timeframe.
Results Monthly searches of the primary EMR missed a significant number of patients with new VTE who were identified by a separate manual search of radiology records, apparently related to delays in data entry and coding into the EMR. Comprehensive searches incorporating a location-restricted strategy were incomplete due to the assigned residence reflecting the current address and not the address at the time of event. The most comprehensive strategy omitted the geographic restriction step and identified all patients with VTE followed by manual review of individual records to remove incorrect entries (e.g., outside the surveillance time period or geographic location; no evidence for VTE). Consolidation of results from the EMR searches with results from autopsy reports and the separate facility identified additional patients not diagnosed within the Duke system.
Conclusion We identified several challenges with implementing a comprehensive VTE surveillance program that could limit accuracy of the results. Improved electronic strategies are needed to cross-reference patients across multiple health systems and to minimize the need for manual review and confirmation of results.
The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons. A Contribution to the Neurosciences and Neurosurgery
Authors: da Silva Gilvan Aguiar , da Silva Elton Gomes , López Seidel Guerra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present article, we elaborate a critical review of the book “The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons: The History of the Human Brain as Revealed by True Stories of Trauma, Madness, and Recovery”, written by Sam Kean. In our opinion, this book can contribute to the dissemination of neurosciences to the lay public, but it can also have an important role: to increase the interest of medicine students in neurosciences and research, since an increasingly lower number of students declare they have this interest. Thus, this book can be an important tool to deal with a pertinent and current issue under debate in the neuroscience research and neurosurgery communities.