bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into Carbon Metabolism Provided by FluorescenceIn SituHybridization-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging of an Autotrophic, Nitrate-Reducing, Fe(II)-Oxidizing Enrichment Culture
Authors: Tominski Claudia , Lösekann-Behrens Tina , Ruecker Alexander , Hagemann Nikolas , Kleindienst Sara , Mueller Carsten W. , Höschen Carmen , Kögel-Knabner Ingrid , Kappler Andreas , Behrens Sebastian 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe enrichment culture KS is one of the few existing autotrophic, nitrate-reducing, Fe(II)-oxidizing cultures that can be continuously transferred without an organic carbon source. We used a combination of catalyzed amplification reporter deposition fluorescencein situhybridization (CARD-FISH) and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to analyze community dynamics, single-cell activities, and interactions among the two most abundant microbial community members (i.e.,Gallionellaceaesp. andBradyrhizobiumspp.) under autotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions. CARD-FISH cell counts showed the dominance of the Fe(II) oxidizerGallionellaceaesp. under autotrophic conditions as well as ofBradyrhizobiumspp. under heterotrophic conditions. We used NanoSIMS to monitor the fate of13C-labeled bicarbonate and acetate as well as15N-labeled ammonium at the single-cell level for both taxa. Under autotrophic conditions, only theGallionellaceaesp. was actively incorporating13C-labeled bicarbonate and15N-labeled ammonium. Interestingly, bothBradyrhizobiumspp. andGallionellaceaesp. became enriched in [13C]acetate and [15N]ammonium under heterotrophic conditions. Our experiments demonstrated thatGallionellaceaesp. was capable of assimilating [13C]acetate whileBradyrhizobiumspp. were not able to fix CO2, although a metagenomics survey of culture KS recently revealed thatGallionellaceaesp. lacks genes for acetate uptake and that theBradyrhizobiumsp. carries the genetic potential to fix CO2. The study furthermore extends our understanding of the microbial reactions that interlink the nitrogen and Fe cycles in the environment.IMPORTANCEMicrobial mechanisms by which Fe(II) is oxidized with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor are generally referred to as “nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation” (NDFO). NDFO has been demonstrated in laboratory cultures (such as the one studied in this work) and in a variety of marine and freshwater sediments. Recently, the importance of NDFO for the transport of sediment-derived Fe in aquatic ecosystems has been emphasized in a series of studies discussing the impact of NDFO for sedimentary nutrient cycling and redox dynamics in marine and freshwater environments. In this article, we report results from an isotope labeling study performed with the autotrophic, nitrate-reducing, Fe(II)-oxidizing enrichment culture KS, which was first described by Straub et al. (1) about 20 years ago. Our current study builds on the recently published metagenome of culture KS (2).
Emerging Technologies for Molecular Diagnosis of Sepsis
Authors: Sinha Mridu , Jupe Julietta , Mack Hannah , Coleman Todd P. , Lawrence Shelley M. , Fraley Stephanie I. 
Published: February 2018

SUMMARY
Rapid and accurate profiling of infection-causing pathogens remains a significant challenge in modern health care. Despite advances in molecular diagnostic techniques, blood culture analysis remains the gold standard for diagnosing sepsis. However, this method is too slow and cumbersome to significantly influence the initial management of patients. The swift initiation of precise and targeted antibiotic therapies depends on the ability of a sepsis diagnostic test to capture clinically relevant organisms along with antimicrobial resistance within 1 to 3 h. The administration of appropriate, narrow-spectrum antibiotics demands that such a test be extremely sensitive with a high negative predictive value. In addition, it should utilize small sample volumes and detect polymicrobial infections and contaminants. All of this must be accomplished with a platform that is easily integrated into the clinical workflow. In this review, we outline the limitations of routine blood culture testing and discuss how emerging sepsis technologies are converging on the characteristics of the ideal sepsis diagnostic test. We include seven molecular technologies that have been validated on clinical blood specimens or mock samples using human blood. In addition, we discuss advances in machine learning technologies that use electronic medical record data to provide contextual evaluation support for clinical decision-making.
Seeking the balance between caregiving in dementia, family and employment: study protocol for a mixed methods study in Northern Germany
Authors: Neubert Lydia , König Hans-Helmut , Brettschneider Christian 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionThe debate on reconciliation between childcare and working has to be expanded to caregiving for the elderly, since the importance of informal caregiving will increase in the future due to populations’ ageing and women’s increasing labour force participation. Informal caregivers who are caring for the rising number of persons with dementia (PwD) are often female and subjected to high caregiving requirements. These are added to further demands emerging from their family and work life. How affected caregivers seek to balance those requirements depends on, inter alia, their own characteristics and the informal caregiving network to whom they relate. Both aspects were not yet considered in previous studies. This mixed methods study thus aims to explore the reconciliation between caregiving in dementia, family and employment by including different members of caregiving networks of home-dwelling PwD and by considering their personal characteristics.Methods and analysisBy purposive sampling, we include at least five caregiving networks of home-dwelling PwD; each of them consisting of at least three informal caregivers living in Northern Germany. Narrative interviews of participants will be recorded, transcribed verbatim and interpreted according to the Documentary Method (QUAL). By completing standardised questionnaires, participants will provide sociodemographic and psychographic data concerning themselves and the networks from whom they arise (quan). This supplemental, descriptive information will give further background to the themes and types emerging from the interviews. Hence, the quan-data enrich the QUAL-data by exploring the narratives of participants in the light of their personal and network-related characteristics.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the German Society of Nursing Sciences. Study results will be disseminated through conference presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberDRKS00012929.
Improving Conduct and Reporting of Narrative Synthesis of Quantitative Data (ICONS-Quant): protocol for a mixed methods study to develop a reporting guideline
Authors: Campbell Mhairi , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Sowden Amanda , McKenzie Joanne E , Thomson Hilary 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionReliable evidence syntheses, based on rigorous systematic reviews, provide essential support for evidence-informed clinical practice and health policy. Systematic reviews should use reproducible and transparent methods to draw conclusions from the available body of evidence. Narrative synthesis of quantitative data (NS) is a method commonly used in systematic reviews where it may not be appropriate, or possible, to meta-analyse estimates of intervention effects. A common criticism of NS is that it is opaque and subject to author interpretation, casting doubt on the trustworthiness of a review’s conclusions. Despite published guidance funded by the UK’s Economic and Social Research Council on the conduct of NS, recent work suggests that this guidance is rarely used and many review authors appear to be unclear about best practice. To improve the way that NS is conducted and reported, we are developing a reporting guideline for NS of quantitative data.MethodsWe will assess how NS is implemented and reported in Cochrane systematic reviews and the findings will inform the creation of a Delphi consensus exercise by an expert panel. We will use this Delphi survey to develop a checklist for reporting standards for NS. This will be accompanied by supplementary guidance on the conduct and reporting of NS, as well as an online training resource.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the Delphi survey was obtained from the University of Glasgow in December 2017 (reference 400170060). Dissemination of the results of this study will be through peer-reviewed publications, and national and international conferences.
The prognostic value of sST2 and galectin-3 considering different aetiologies in non-ischaemic heart failure
Authors: Binas David , Daniel Hanna , Richter Anette , Ruppert Volker , Schlüter Klaus-Dieter , Schieffer Bernhard , Pankuweit Sabine 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveSeveral studies indicate a prognostic value of sST2 and galectin-3 in heart failure (HF). While previous studies focused on ischaemic cause of HF, we investigated the role of sST2 and galectin-3 in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).MethodssST2 and galectin-3 serum concentrations were measured in 262 subjects with DCM. Survival rates were determined for all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM).ResultsIn a univariate model, sST2 as a continuous variable was a predictor of ACM (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.07, P<0.001) and CM (HR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.06, P=0.040). In the subgroup of patients with inflammatory and/or viral DCM (DCMi⋎viral), the endpoints ACM (HR 1.10; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.17, P<0.001) and CM (HR 1.10; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.18, P=0.013) were significant. In the subgroup of patients with idiopathic DCM, the endpoint ACM (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07, P=0.019) was significant. In a multivariate model, the prognostic value of the sST2 main group remained intact for ACM (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.07, P=0.003).Univariate and multivariate analysis of galectin-3 as continuous variable did not show any significant result. However, in a quartile model, intermediate values of galectin-3 were significantly associated with a lower event rate of ACM and CM.ConclusionThe study revealed that sST2 predicts ACM and CM in patients with non-ischaemic HF and could be useful especially in patients with inflammatory background. Our findings that intermediate levels of galectin-3 allow for better prognosis were new and different to other investigations.Trial registration numberNCT03090425; Results.
Non-Abelian finite groups whose character sums are invariant but are not Cayley isomorphism
Authors: Abdollahi Alireza , Zallaghi Maysam 
Published: February 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be a group and [Formula: see text] an inverse closed subset of [Formula: see text]. By a Cayley graph [Formula: see text], we mean the graph whose vertex set is the set of elements of [Formula: see text] and two vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent if [Formula: see text]. A group [Formula: see text] is called a CI-group if [Formula: see text] for some inverse closed subsets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] for some automorphism [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. A finite group [Formula: see text] is called a BI-group if [Formula: see text] for some inverse closed subsets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] for all positive integers [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the set [Formula: see text]. It was asked by László Babai [Spectra of Cayley graphs, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 27 (1979) 180–189] if every finite group is a BI-group; various examples of finite non-BI-groups are presented in [A. Abdollahi and M. Zallaghi, Character sums of Cayley graph, Comm. Algebra 43(12) (2015) 5159–5167]. It is noted in the latter paper that every finite CI-group is a BI-group and all abelian finite groups are BI-groups. However, it is known that there are finite abelian non-CI-groups. Existence of a finite non-abelian BI-group which is not a CI-group is the main question which we study here. We find two non-abelian BI-groups of orders 20 and 42 which are not CI-groups. We also list all BI-groups of orders up to 30.
Spectral primal spaces
Authors: Echi Othman , Turki Tarek 
Published: February 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be a mapping. Consider [Formula: see text] Then, according to Echi, [Formula: see text] is an Alexandroff topology. A topological space [Formula: see text] is called a primal space if its topology coincides with an [Formula: see text] for some mapping [Formula: see text]. We denote by [Formula: see text] the set of all fixed points of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] the set of all periodic points of [Formula: see text]. The topology [Formula: see text] induces a preorder [Formula: see text] defined on [Formula: see text] by: [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text], for some integer [Formula: see text]. The main purpose of this paper is to provide necessary and sufficient algebraic conditions on the function [Formula: see text] in order to get [Formula: see text] (respectively, the one-point compactification of [Formula: see text]) a spectral topology. More precisely, we show the following results. (1) [Formula: see text] is spectral if and only if [Formula: see text] is a finite set and every chain in the ordered set [Formula: see text] is finite. (2) The one-point(Alexandroff) compactification of [Formula: see text] is a spectral topology if and only if [Formula: see text] and every nonempty chain of [Formula: see text] has a least element. (3) The poset [Formula: see text] is spectral if and only if every chain is finite. As an application the main theorem [12, Theorem 3. 5] of Echi–Naimi may be derived immediately from the general setting of the above results.
Shifting from Oral Contraceptives to Norethisterone Acetate, or Vice Versa, because of Drug Intolerance: Does the Change Benefit Women with Endometriosis?
Authors: Vercellini Paolo , Ottolini Federica , Frattaruolo Maria Pina , Buggio Laura , Roberto Anna , Somigliana Edgardo 
Published: February 2018

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Oral contraceptives (OC) and norethisterone acetate (NETA) are among first-line medical therapies for symptomatic endometriosis, but their use is sometimes associated with intolerable side effects. We investigated whether shifting from low-dose OC to NETA (2.5 mg/day), or vice versa, improved tolerability. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sixty-seven women willing to discontinue their treatment because of intolerable side effects despite good pain relief, were enrolled in a self-controlled study, and shifted from OC to NETA (<i>n</i> = 35) or from NETA to OC (<i>n</i> = 32). The main study outcome was satisfaction with treatment 12 months after the change. Tolerability, pain symptoms, health-related quality of life, psychological status, and sexual functioning were also evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After treatment change, good tolerability was reported by 37% of participants who shifted to NETA, and by 52% of those who shifted to OC. At 12-month assessment, 51% of women intolerant to OC were satisfied with NETA, and 65% of those intolerant to NETA were satisfied with OC (intention-to-treat analysis). Other study variables did not vary substantially. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In selected endometriosis patients, shifting from OC to NETA, or vice versa, because of side effects, improved tolerability. Better results were observed when substituting NETA with OC rather than the other way round.
<b>Addition to the Documentation of Lepidoptera Fauna of Himalaya - A Book review of “Butterflies of Uttarakhand”</b>
Authors: Subramanian K. A. 
Published: February 2018

Butterflies of Uttarakhand - A Field Guide-- Sanjay Sondhi & Krushnamegh Kunte Date of publication: 2018Published: M/s Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh (Dehradun), Titli Trust (Dehradun), National Centre for Biological Sciences (Bengaluru) & Indian Foundation for Butterflies (Bengaluru). Pages: x+310pp
Maternal Experiences of Transitioning Their Emerging Adult With Type 1 Diabetes to College
Authors: Ness Michelle M. , Saylor Jennifer , Selekman Janice 
Published: February 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding about mothers’ experiences of transitioning their emerging adult with type 1 diabetes mellitus to college. Methods A descriptive, qualitative study was conducted with 9 mothers of high school seniors with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) using semi-structured questions via recorded telephone interviews. Results Among the 9 participants, 8 had daughters, and 1 had a son. The thematic analysis resulted in 4 themes: (1) concern for health and safety at college, (2) evolving roles of the parent and emerging adult dyad, (3) communication dynamics, and (4) social support systems. Conclusions Results indicate that mothers of emerging adults with T1DM experience heightened levels of concern during the college transition. These concerns are above and beyond those that are experienced by mothers of emerging adults without T1DM. Findings indicated that increasing levels of support for both parents as well as emerging adults with T1DM during the college transition may serve to decrease maternal stress and enhance the development of preparedness for diabetes self-management. Recommendations for diabetes educators in clinical practice include a family-centered approach focusing on the transition before the late adolescent period, interventions from colleges to promote a smooth transition, and interventions that address concerns of both the emerging adult with T1DM and the parent. Further research is necessary to identify barriers and facilitators to support parent/emerging adult dyads during the college transition period.
Diabetes and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Scotti Lorenza , Tavani Alessandra , Bosetti Cristina , Maso Luigino Dal , Talamini Renato , Montella Maurizio , Franceschi Silvia , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: February 2018

Aims and background We investigated the relation between diabetes and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as epidemiological results are controversial and diabetes has been related to the risk of several neoplasms. Patients and methods We analyzed the combined dataset of two Italian case-control studies conducted in 1985-1997 and 1999-2002. Cases were 671 patients, aged <85 years, with incident, histologically confirmed non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and controls were 1799 patients admitted to hospitals for acute non-neoplastic conditions. Odds ratios were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models including terms for age, center, sex, residence and educational level. Results No material association between diabetes and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk was observed, with an odds ratio of 1.12 (95% confidence intervals, 0.70-1.77). No association was found in relation to age at first diagnosis of diabetes, years since diagnosis, or in younger and older subjects at diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Conclusions The results of the study allow to exclude a strong association between diabetes and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, although the small number of cases with diabetes leaves open the possibility of a moderate direct relation.
PSA Use and Incidence of Prostate Biopsy in the Tuscany Region: Is Opportunistic Screening Discounting Biopsy in Subjects with PSA Elevation?
Authors: Ciatto Stefano , Houssami Nehmat , Martinelli Francesca , Giusti Francesco , Zappa Marco 
Published: February 2018

Aims and Background To assess PSA use in the general population and estimate biopsy rate subsequent to opportunistic screening. Methods and Study Design We report on PSA testing and related prostate biopsy frequency in the Tuscany Region during 2004–2005 to establish current patterns of care. We used population data sources to survey PSA testing and biopsy and estimated expected PSA values and expected recommended biopsies (≥PSA 4 ng/ml) from the ongoing Florence arm of the European Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). Results PSA testing was common for both years and across age groups, increasing with age and peaking at 70–74 years (37.6% in 2004, 41.9% in 2005) and increasing over the 2 years. PSA use in the 55–69 years cohort (screening age in ERSPC) was 28.3% in 2004 and 30.4% in 2005. Repeat PSA testing was also common and repeat PSA probability increased with age, peaking at age 70–74 (60.9%); repeat PSA testing at age 55–69 was 53.7%. Overall, 1.3% and 1.2% of men had a biopsy following PSA testing in 2004 and 2005. Observed/expected biopsy incidence was 14.3% in 2004 and 13.2% in 2005. ERSPC compliance to recommended biopsy was 77% or 60% at first or repeat screening. Conclusions A discordance was identified between high PSA testing prevalence and low prostate biopsy rate. Based on projections from the ERSPC, this indicates a much lower observed biopsy rate than expected in organized screening. Although the implications of this are difficult to quantify in the absence of evidence on screening efficacy, it suggests inefficient practice.
Feasibility Study of Biweekly Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin, and Irinotecan in Patients with Untreated Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Bajetta Emilio , Verzoni Elena , Ferrario Erminia , Dotti Katia , Gevorgyan Arpine , Celio Luigi 
Published: February 2018

Background Capecitabine in combination with oxaliplatin and irinotecan (COI regimen) is active and well tolerated in metastatic colorectal cancer. Since there is no internationally adopted standard regimen, we have conducted a pilot study of COI in untreated advanced gastric cancer. Methods Patients received irinotecan, 180 mg/m2 infused over 90 min on day 1, followed by oxaliplatin, 85 mg/m2 in a 3-hr infusion on day 2, and capecitabine, 1000 mg/m2/day orally twice daily from days 2 to 6 of a biweekly schedule. Treatment was continued up to 8 cycles or until progression of disease occurred. Response (RECIST criteria) was assessed after the first three cycles and was to be confirmed at least 4 weeks following the first response. Results A total of 12 patients (5 men and 7 women) with a median age of 54 years (range, 42–65) was prospectively enrolled. Most of the patients (83%) had metastatic disease. Three complete responses, four partial responses and two disease stabilizations occurred in the intention-to-treat cohort, with an overall response rate of 58% (95% confidence interval, 28–85%). Median time to progressive disease and overall survival were 6.4 and 12 months, respectively. A total of 68 cycles was administered, with a median of 6 cycles per patient (range, 1–8). Grade 3 neutropenia occurred in two patients. The most common non-hematologic grade 3 toxicities were nausea (3 patients) and diarrhea (2 patients). Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that biweekly COI is a feasible and promising triplet for the first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer. A large multi-institutional phase II study of the combination has already been planned in this setting.