bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Modeling of Stone Columns in Unsaturated Soil Deposits
Authors: Maghvan Sajjad Vaseghi , Imam Reza , McCartney John S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on evaluating the load–settlement response of circular footings on unsaturated soil layers improved with stone columns using 1-gravity (1-g) physical modeling experiments. The initial (preloading) conditions in the soil layers were varied by compaction to the same dry density but different initial degrees of saturation. An effective stress analysis calibrated using direct shear experiments was found to satisfactorily predict the measured bearing capacities of unimproved soil layers, considering a change in failure mode for soil specimens at certain initial degrees of saturation. As the bearing capacity of the unsaturated soil layers increased, the amount of improvement gained by incorporating stone columns decreased. Bulging deformations of the stone column exhibited a close relationship with the bearing capacity, with smaller amounts of bulging in soil layers with low initial degrees of saturation that also have high bearing capacity. The stress concentration ratio increases with increasing initial degree of saturation, indicating that stone columns carry a greater fraction of the applied footing stress for soil layers closer to saturated conditions.
Circuit Dysfunction inSOD1-ALSModel First Detected in Sensory Feedback Prior to Motor Neuron Degeneration Is Alleviated by BMP Signaling
Authors: Held Aaron , Major Paxton , Sahin Asli , Reenan Robert A. , Lipscombe Diane , Wharton Kristi A. 
Published: January 2019

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease for which the origin and underlying cellular defects are not fully understood. Although motor neuron degeneration is the signature feature of ALS, it is not clear whether motor neurons or other cells of the motor circuit are the site of disease initiation. To better understand the contribution of multiple cell types in ALS, we made use of aDrosophila Sod1G85Rknock-in model, in which all cells harbor the disease allele. End-stagedSod1G85Ranimals of both sexes exhibit severe motor deficits with clear degeneration of motor neurons. Interestingly, earlier indSod1G85Rlarvae, motor function is also compromised, but their motor neurons exhibit only subtle morphological and electrophysiological changes that are unlikely to cause the observed decrease in locomotion. We analyzed the intact motor circuit and identified a defect in sensory feedback that likely accounts for the altered motor activity ofdSod1G85R. We found cell-autonomous activation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in proprioceptor sensory neurons which are critical for the relay of the contractile status of muscles back to the central nerve cord, completely rescues early-stage motor defects and partially rescue late-stage motor function to extend lifespan. Identification of a defect in sensory feedback as a potential initiating event in ALS motor dysfunction, coupled with the ability of modified proprioceptors to alleviate such motor deficits, underscores the critical role that nonmotor neurons play in disease progression and highlights their potential as a site to identify early-stage ALS biomarkers and for therapeutic intervention.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAt diagnosis, many cellular processes are already disrupted in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient. Identifying the initiating cellular events is critical for achieving an earlier diagnosis to slow or prevent disease progression. Our findings indicate that neurons relaying sensory information underlie early stage motor deficits in aDrosophilaknock-in model of ALS that best replicates gene dosage in familial ALS (fALS). Importantly, studies on intact motor circuits revealed defects in sensory feedback before evidence of motor neuron degeneration. These findings strengthen our understanding of how neural circuit dysfunctions lead to neurodegeneration and, coupled with our demonstration that the activation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in proprioceptors alleviates both early and late motor dysfunction, underscores the importance of considering nonmotor neurons as therapeutic targets.
Technopathien der Gliedmaßen bei Mastschweinen: Ursa chen, Entstehung und Tierschutzrelevanz
Authors: Ostner Franziska , Klein Sandrina , Zöls Susanne , Erhard Michael , Reese Sven , Ritzmann Mathias , Patzkéwitsch Dorian , Hergt Theresa 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Beurteilung verschiedener Bodentypen als mögliche Ursache für Entstehung und Ausprägung akzessorischer Bursen (AB) bei Mastschweinen und Evaluierung deren Tierschutzrelevanz. Material und Methoden: In neun konventionellen Mastbetrieben mit verschiedenen Bodensystemen (Vollspalten, PigPort, Schrägboden, Tiefstreu-Stroh) wurden bei Einstallung zur Mast und kurz vor der Schlachtung 1702 Mastschweine auf Vorliegen von AB untersucht und deren Ausprägung sowie die Beschaffenheit der Haut an diesen Stellen dokumentiert. An beiden Beurteilungszeitpunkten wurden zudem Einzeltiergewichte erfasst. Ergebnisse: Auf Vollspalten hatten kurz vor der Schlachtung 94,0 % der Tiere mindestens eine AB, in PigPort-Betrieben 87,6 %, auf Schrägboden 82,9 % und auf Stroh 50,3 %. Beim Vergleich beider Beurteilungszeitpunkte zeigten die Tiere auf Vollspalten den höchsten Anstieg der AB-Prävalenz, gefolgt von den Tieren im PigPort, auf Schrägboden und Stroh. Am Ende der Mast fanden sich bei Tieren der Vollspalten-Betriebe signifikant (p < 0,001) mehr AB pro Tier sowie ein signifikant (p < 0,001) höherer Anteil an AB höheren Schweregrads als bei den Tieren auf anderen Bodensystemen. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die ermittelte hohe AB-Prävalenz stellt, unabhängig vom Vorhandensein von Schmerzen, ein Defizit hinsichtlich des Haltungssystems im Sinne einer Technopathie und damit ein tierschutzrelevantes Problem dar. Dies erfordert ein Handeln im Sinne des Tierwohls. Durch eine Reduzierung des Spaltenanteils in Mastbetrieben, wie es im PigPort und weitergehend beim Schrägboden der Fall ist, kann eine Verringerung des Auftretens und des Schweregrads von AB sowie eine Reduzierung der Bursenanzahl pro Tier erreicht werden. Die zusätz liche Bereitstellung einer weichen Liegefläche (z. B. mittels Stroh) ist eine weitere positive Maßnahme, die, soweit haltungstechnisch möglich, umgesetzt werden sollte.
Genomic Features for Therapeutic Insights of Chemotherapy-Resistant, Primary Mediastinal Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors and Comparison with Gonadal Counterpart
Authors: Necchi Andrea , Bratslavsky Gennady , Chung Jon , Millis Sherri , Gay Laurie M. , Ali Siraj M. , Ross Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (PMNSGCT) frequently become refractory to chemotherapy, and no effective salvage therapy exists. We performed genomic profiling on a series of 44 PMNSGCT and compared the results with those from chemorefractory, metastatic pure seminomatous (Sem, n = 22) and nonseminomatous (NS, n = 86) testicular germ cell tumors. Archival tissues were sequenced by a hybrid capture-based technology (FoundationONE; Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA). Microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB, mutations [mut]/Mb) were determined.
Statistically significant differences in genomic alterations (GA) of PMNSGCT versus NS included higher TP53 pathway GA (p &lt; .0001), PIK3CA pathway GA (p &lt; .0001), and lower cell-cycle pathway GA (p = .0004). There were no MSI-high PMNSGCT cases. Mean TMB was similar between the groups, but there were more ≥10 mut/Mb in the PMNSGCT group versus NS (11.4% vs. 4.6%).
The GA identified in PMNSGCT were similar to the findings from NS, with differential opportunities for targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Further study of precision treatments appears warranted.
A new concept of superelevation in magnetic levitation – prodynamic
Authors: Jacob Angelo , Monteiro Nuno 
Published: January 2019

Background: The topic of Magnetic Levitation systems, in terms of land mass transport, have created high expectations compared to aviation and also to the high speed railway industry. This new concept comes to revolutionize the terrestrial mass transport, in both the speeds and the subject of friction. Magnetic levitation solves the issue of attrition between material contact and as such may also be an opportunity to solve the question of constant physical superelevation.
Aim: Precisely that point of superelevation coupled with magnetic levitation, eliminating the rigid physical structures to laterally lift the vehicle in a curve. Current magnetic levitation systems do not address this issue of dynamic superelevation. It’s exposed an improvement technology which is a theoretical possibility of a track through a new magnetic line can apply necessary rotation to the vehicle in curve and adjust its rotation according to the speed that vehicle moves.
Methods: In order to make this system to work it is suggested the introduction of a magnetic field in the new line, which will allow the vehicle to rotate in curves and will negate the need of the conventional static superelevation.
This study appeared as a result of an investigation of a master's thesis in civil engineering at ISEP, where the participants created the concept of dynamic superelevation in the context of magnetic levitation. The project was applied to the reformulation of an existing railway network. The study base of this model resulted from a broad survey of current magnetic levitation systems. Then came the idea of creating a third dynamic magnetic field to operate the curved superelevation.
Results: The result of the study was the creation of a new "monorail" system of simple and geometrically constant structure. The new line has the advantage of providing a simple and constant geometry, facilitating the manufacture, assembly and thus making it much more economical compared to the current systems. The cross-section allows the vehicle to fit perfectly and with the creation of rotating magnetic fields, the vehicle can be turned to both sides, at the required inclination, according the speed. With this new concept called ProDynamic, the geometry design in plan is totally independent of the speed practiced by the vehicle, where it can travel in curve at different speeds, but with the same lateral no-compensated acceleration, without detriment of passenger comfort.
Conclusion: Combining existing systems with this new concept, it is possible to create a total freedom in curves and superelevation, which will provide a maximum comfort and significant construction savings. There is therefore no longer a problem of deficiency or excess cant, as currently exists on railways. The advantage in the ProDynamic system is that it is possible to greatly reduce or even eliminate the lateral no-compensated acceleration.
Formação para municípios saudáveis: trajetória, experiência e desafios para a Rede Pernambucana de municípios saudáveis
Authors: Sá Ronice Maria Pereira Franco de , Freire Socorro Machado , Salles Rosane Senna 
Published: January 2019

O artigo trata da trajetória da Rede Pernambucana de Municípios Saudáveis (RPMS), sua experiência e desafios específicos para a formação temática que realiza desde 2004, tendo como pano de fundo a reemergência do ideário das cidades saudáveis no contexto mundial, após o Encontro dos Prefeitos acontecido em Xangai, em 2016. São descritos os cursos principais, público-alvo e conteúdo programático. Reflexões teórico-conceituais são realizadas sobre a caminhada da RPMS. Em um novo cenário, deve-se considerar a agenda 2030 e os objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável, um dos quais trata sobre o tema de municípios, cidades e comunidades saudáveis (MCCS). Apresenta-se o guia da Organização Panamericana de Saúde para a implementação da Declaração de Xangai e discute-se as possibilidades de adoção desse guia na nova formação proposta para a RPMS. Ressalta-se, ainda, os novos desafios que surgiram no âmbito da virtualização, da necessidade de mudar abordagem e conceito sobre promoção da saúde, da constatação do não-lugar e da mixofobia e aponta-se que esses temas emergentes precisam ser enfrentados na formação que a RPMS oferece.
Sinergi Kegiatan Desa Mandiri Benih dan Kawasan Mandiri Benih untuk Mewujudkan Swasembada Benih
Authors: Darwis Valeriana 
Published: January 2019

<p>Rice seed determines successful rice farming. Adopting quality seed will improve farm yield. Rice seed procurement programs implemented by Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) among others are Seed Self-Reliance Region Model coordinated by IAARD and Seed Self-Reliance Village managed by Directorate General of Food Crops. This paper aims to synthesize those two seed procurement programs into one program called as Seed Producer Center Village. Both programs have similarities, i.e. (a) both programs were carried out by MoA, (b) programs implementation involve Provincial and Regional Agriculture Offices, BPTP/UPBS, and BPSBTPH, and (c) encouraging seed growers to become seed producers. Requirements to integrate both programs are: (i) duties coordination of each involved agency; (ii) selection of seed growers to participate in the program; (iii) seed growers training carried out by BPSBTPH/UPBS, (iv) production inputs purchase prior to planting season, and (v) the government buys the seed produced in the program and distribute it to the rice production enhancement programs.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Benih menjadi penentu awal keberhasilan dalam budidaya tanaman. Penggunaan benih bermutu akan meningkatkan produktivitas. Program pengadaan benih yang sudah dilaksanakan oleh Kementerian Pertanian antara lain adalah Model Kawasan Mandiri Benih di bawah koordinasi Balitbangtan dan Desa Mandiri Benih di bawah koordinasi Direktorat Jenderal Tanaman Pangan. Tulisan ini menguraikan alasan dan cara mensinergikan dua program pengadaan benih ke dalam satu program dengan nama Desa Sentra Produsen Benih. Kedua program memiliki banyak kesamaan di antaranya adalah: (a) dilaksanakan dalam satu kementerian, (b) pada pelaksanaan di lapang melibatkan instansi yang sama yaitu Dinas Pertanian Provinsi dan Kabupaten, BPTP/UPBS, BPSBTPH, dan (c) menjadikan penangkar sebagai produsen benih. Dalam pelaksanaannya, sinergi kedua program membutuhkan: (i) koordinasi dan tugas masing-masing lembaga yang terlibat; (ii) pemilihan penangkar yang mau dibina; (iii) pembinaan penangkar langsung oleh BPSBTPH/UPBS, (iv) pengadaan sarana produksi sebelum masuk musim tanam, dan (v) pemerintah ikut membeli benih yang dihasilkan oleh penangkar dan mengembalikan benih tersebut ke petani sekitarnya dalam bentuk program pemerintah lainnya yang berhubungan dengan benih.</p>
Enhancement of rhizocompetence in pathogenic bacteria removal of a constructed wetland system
Authors: Ben Saad Marwa , Ben Said Myriam , Sanz-Sáez Isabel , Sánchez Olga , Morató Jordi , Bousselmi Latifa , Ghrabi Ahmed 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The main goal of the present study was to enhance the rhizobacterium potential in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system planted with Phragmites australis, through environmentally friendly biological approaches. The bioinoculation of antagonist bacteria has been used to promote higher rhizosphere competence and improve pathogenic bacteria removal from wastewater. The experiment was performed both with single and sequential bioinoculation. The results showed that strain PFH1 played an active role in pathogenic bacteria removal, remarkably improving inactivation kinetics of the pathogenic tested bacterium Salmonella typhi in the plant rhizosphere. The single bioinoculation of selected bacteria into the rhizosphere of P. australis improved the kinetics of S. typhi inactivation by approximately 1 U-Log10 (N/N0) (N is the number of viable cultured bacteria at time t, N0 is the number of viable and cultivable bacteria at time t0) compared to the control. By a series of multi-bioinoculations, the enhancement of pathogenic bacteria reduction compared to the inhibition rate in the pilot-scale control was of 2 U-Log10(N/N0). These findings suggested that this strain represents a promising candidate to enhance water purification in constructed wetlands.
Design and start-up of a constructed wetland as tertiary treatment for landfill leachates
Authors: Coppini Ester , Palli Laura , Antal Alexandra , Del Bubba Massimo , Miceli Elisangela , Fani Renato , Fibbi Donatella 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the design and start-up of a constructed wetland (CW) for the tertiary treatment of landfill leachates is presented. The flux is characterized by high salinity, high concentration of nitrogen (almost completely in the form of nitrate) and a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio close to zero. The CW pilot plant suffered from mechanical and hydraulic malfunctions which led to an uneven growth of plants inside the tanks. Despite this, COD has been reduced in the range of 0–30%, reduced forms of N (ammonia and nitrite) are also oxidized and removed by 50–80% and 20–26% on average. Considering the low number of plants and the loading rate, CW pilot plant allowed to remove more than 16 kg of COD, leading to a specific removal of 10 gCOD/d · m2. Moreover, bacterial communities associated to plants were isolated and analyzed in order to evaluate the influence of such communities on phytoremediation. Bulk soil registered the lowest bacterial titers, while plant compartments and rhizospheric soil showed to be more suitable for bacterial colonization. Twenty-five different bacterial genera were observed among the analyzed isolates, with the predominance of Pseudomonas genus.
New Perspectives on the Efficacy of Gallic Acid in Cosmetics & Nanocosmeceuticals
Authors: Khan Barkat Ali , Mahmood Tariq , Menaa Farid , Shahzad Yasser , Yousaf Abid Mehmood , Hussain Talib , Ray Sidhartha D. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Gallic acid (GA-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), a phenolic phytochemical, is a
ubiquitous secondary metabolite found in most plants, with appreciable concentrations in grapes seed, rose flowers,
sumac, oak and witch hazel. GA often results from the hydrolysis of terpenes and the polyphenol tannic acid.

Applications:
It exhibits powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer activities. Most
intriguing benefit has been reported to be on the skin. Due to these beneficial properties, GA and its derivatives
(e.g. lipid-soluble phenols such as synthetic gallic esters aka gallates) have been extensively used as an adjuvant
in a number of therapeutic formulations, as a substitute of hydrocortisone in children with atopic dermatitis (AD)
and other skin conditions (hyperpigmentation, wound healing), and as a cosmetic ingredient. GA has a USFDA
GRAS status (generally recognized as safe), exhibiting fairly low systemic toxicity and associated mortality at
acute doses in many experimental models. Despite anti-skin aging benefits obtained with relatively safe GA formulations,
few cases of gallate-induced skin allergic have been reported in humans. Therefore, approaches to
improve the bioavailability and biodegradability of this poor-water soluble and non-biodegradable phenolic compound
are warranted.

Purpose:
This review has focused on the recently reported biological activities pertaining to the skin as well as
the pharmacological properties of GA and its derivatives with special emphasis on its use in (nano-) cosmetic
formulations. Since this is an evolving area of research, an adequate emphasis has been placed upon advantages
and disadvantages of various nanoformulations.
Topical Drug Delivery of Anti-infectives Employing Lipid-Based Nanocarriers: Dermatokinetics as an Important Tool
Authors: Thakur Kanika , Sharma Gajanand , Singh Bhupindar , Katare Om Prakash 
Published: January 2019

Background:The therapeutic approaches for the management of topical infections have always been a difficult approach due to lack of efficacy of conventional topical formulations, high frequency of topical applications and non-patient compliance. The major challenge in the management of topical infections lies in antibiotic resistance which leads to severe complications and hospitalizations resulting in economic burden and high mortality rates.Methods:Topical delivery employing lipid-based carriers has been a promising strategy to overcome the challenges of poor skin permeation and retention along with large doses which need to be administered systemically. The use of lipid-based delivery systems is a promising strategy for the effective topical delivery of antibiotics and overcoming drug-resistant strains in the skin. The major systems include transfersomes, niosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microemulsion and nanoemulsion as the most promising drug delivery approaches to treat infectious disorders. The main advantages of these systems include lipid bilayer structure which mimics the cell membrane and can fuse with infectious microbes. The numerous advantages associated with nanocarriers like enhanced efficacy, improvement in bioavailability, controlled drug release and ability to target the desired infectious pathogen have made these carriers successful.Conclusion:Despite the number of strides taken in the field of topical drug delivery in infectious diseases, it still requires extensive research efforts to have a better perspective of the factors that influence drug permeation along with the mechanism of action with regard to skin penetration and deposition. The final objective of the therapy is to provide a safe and effective therapeutic approach for the management of infectious diseases affecting topical sites leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and patient-compliance.
Recent Advances on Prediction of Human Papillomaviruses Risk Types
Authors: Yao Yuhua , Xu Huimin , Li Manzhi , Qi Zhaohui , Liao Bo 
Published: January 2019

Background:Some studies have shown that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly associated with cervical cancer. As we all know, cervical cancer still remains the fourth most common cancer, affecting women worldwide. Thus, it is both challenging and essential to detect risk types of human papillomaviruses.Methods:In order to discriminate whether HPV type is highly risky or not, many epidemiological and experimental methods have been proposed recently. For HPV risk type prediction, there also have been a few computational studies which are all based on Machine Learning (ML) techniques, but adopt different feature extraction methods. Therefore, we conclude and discuss several classical approaches which have got a better result for the risk type prediction of HPV.Results:This review summarizes the common methods to detect human papillomavirus. The main methods are sequence- derived features, text-based classification, gap-kernel method, ensemble SVM, Word statistical model, position- specific statistical model and mismatch kernel method (SVM). Among these methods, position-specific statistical model get a relatively high accuracy rate (accuracy=97.18%). Word statistical model is also a novel approach, which extracted the information of HPV from the protein “sequence space” with word statistical model to predict high-risk types of HPVs (accuracy=95.59%). These methods could potentially be used to improve prediction of highrisk types of HPVs.Conclusion:From the prediction accuracy, we get that the classification results are more accurate by establishing mathematical models. Thus, adopting mathematical methods to predict risk type of HPV will be the main goal of research in the future.