bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Nutritional Strategies in Term NEC and Perforation Infants after Intestinal Perforation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Luo Wen , Cao Han , Hu Ya , Liu Zhenqiu , Yang Jing , Deng Pinglan , Huang Shan , Huang Qianjing , Wei Hong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease in infants, and perforation is one of the most serious pathological manifestations. However, guidelines on how to refeed infants recovering from perforation after NEC are lacking. This study aimed to define which method of refeeding is better for NEC and perforation term-infants. The study included three sections: time to restart enteral nutrition (EN), advancement of EN, and type of restart feeding. Ninety full-term neonates developed perforation after NEC and underwent surgery were included. These samples were divided into EEN (< 7 days) and LEN (≥ 7 days) groups for the time to restart EN, FI (≥ 20 ml/kg/d) and SI (< 20 ml/kg/d) groups for the advancement of EN, IPF, SMF (EHF and AABF), and MF groups for the type of restart feeding. EEN infants had a lower incidence of intestinal stenosis and reoperation (43.5% vs. 77.6%, p = 0.002; 60.9% vs. 82.1%, p = 0.038), and a shorter duration of hospital stay after surgery and PN than LEN infants (14 days vs. 20 days, p < 0.001; 11 days vs. 17 days, p < 0,001). Faster advancing feed volumes contributes to a shorter duration of hospital stay and PN (15 days vs. 20 days, p < 0.001; 14 days vs. 17 days, p < 0,001), but a slow rate of weight gain (0.020 kg vs. 0.129 kg, p < 0.01). The rate of weight gain in the IPF group is quicker than SMF and MF (0.035 ml/kg/d vs. 0.016 ml/kg/d and 0.015 ml/kg/d, p = 0.042), and the time to repeat NPO in SMF group is shorter than IPF an MF groups (2.8 days vs. 4 days and 9.7 days, p < 0.01). Our study supports the beneficial effects of early enteral feeding and fast advancement of feed volumes of NEC and perforation term infants after surgery in reducing short-term complications and the duration of hospital stay after surgery and PN. Additionally, this study indicates that IPF and mixed feeding play a more important role in stimulating intestinal adoption recovery.
Genetic Identification of DMD Gene Pathogenic Mutations: Retrospective Genetic Analysis of 507 Patients Based on Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Gan Siyi , Xu Li , Liao Hongmei , Wu Liwen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and purpose: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are neuromuscular diseases in children that resulted from mutations in the dystrophin gene. DMD stay in a high fatality rate, and currently, there is no specific medication or cure available. A comprehensive analysis of DMD gene mutations was conducted in patients with DMD/BMD to better understand the characteristics of the mutations and the intrinsic relationship between genotype and phenotype. The aim of this study is to improve the diagnosis and treatment efficacy of DMD/BMD by addressing the root cause of genetic mutations, thus providing a theoretical foundation for further development of exon skipping treatments.
Methods: Between October 2018 and July 2021, a total of 507 DMD/BMD patients were collected from Hunan Provincial Children's Hospital. Initially, Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) was employed to detect deletions and duplications in the 79 exons of the DMD gene. If negative, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) was used subsequently to identify point mutations. Finally, Sanger sequencing was utilized to confirm the identified point mutations.
Results: Combined with MLPA, NGS and Sanger sequencing proved to be a cost-effective and high-efficient approach in providing gene diagnosis services for DMD/BMD patients. Among the 507 patients with DMD/BMD, the highest percentage of mutations observed was deletions in exons (64.9%), followed by point mutations (26.0%) and duplication mutations in exons (9.1%). The pathogenicity ratio of these mutations was P: LP: VUS=24.5:2.67:1. The hotspot regions of exon deletions in the DMD gene were primarily found in the distal exons in the range of 45-55 (79.64%), as well as in the proximal exons in the range of 2-20 (15.20%). The hotspot regions for exon duplications were concentrated in the proximal exons within the range of 3-9 (39.13%). Point mutations were distributed throughout the DMD gene, with the top four exons showing the highest mutation frequency being exon 22 with 9 mutations, exon 70 with 7 mutations, and exon 20 with 6 mutations. the top four exons with the highest mutation frequency are exon 22 with 9 mutations, exon 70 with 7 mutations, and exon 70 and exon 20 with 6 mutations, respectively.
Additionally, 40 de novo mutations were identified in this study.
The Influence of Zirconia Opaquer and Thickness of Monolithic Zirconia on the Final Shade
Authors: Shaheen Feras , Gjelvold Björn 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Statement of problem. Monolithic zirconia can be influenced by the underlying titanium base which alters the restoration shade and creates unsatisfactory optical results.
Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study is to find out the influence of zirconia opaquer on the optical proportion of monolithic zirconia at different thicknesses.
Material and methods. Three experimental groups have been examined - monolithic zirconia, zirconia opaquer and titanium implant abutment (group A), monolithic zirconia and titanium implant abutment (group B) and monolithic zirconia only (group C). Experimental specimens with a thickness of 0.8 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm were designed for a titanium implant abutment and 12 monolithic zirconia specimens for each thickness in shade A2 were prepared for each group respectively. A digital spectrophotometer was used to record the components for color value, chroma and hue. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of these measurements were calculated for all groups. The data for three independent groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and compared pairwise using Dunn’s post hoc test adjusted by the Bonferroni correction. The degree of statistical significance was considered P<0.05.
Results. Statistically significant differences were found in all components of color value (L), chroma (C), hue (H) and thickness across groups A, B and C. For 0.8 mm thickness, the post-hoc test showed no significant difference between group A and C for the L and H color components.However statistically significant differences were found between groups B and C for all color components L, C, and H. For 1.5 and 2 mm thickness, the post-hoc test showed no significant difference between group B and C in all color components L, C and H. Statistically significant differences were found between group A and C for all color components L, C and H.
Conclusions. By increasing the thickness of monolithic zirconia, better masking color effect of the metal abutment background can be achieved. Using the monolithic zirconia on thin thickness (less than 1 mm) alone, without zirconia opaquer or opaque cement, cannot optimally mask the metal abutment background color. However, using the zirconia opaquer on thin monolithic zirconia thickness (less than 1 mm) can positively affect the final shade by masking the metal abutment background. Monolithic zirconia in thickness 1.5 and 2 mm can alone mask the metal abutment background color, while using the zirconia opaquer here can negatively affect the final shade of the restoration.
Deep Learning-Based Reconstruction for Three-Dimensional Volumetric Brain MRI: A Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment
Authors: Kang Yeseul , Kim Sang-Young , Kim Jun Hwee , Son Nak-Hoon , Park Chae Jung 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:To evaluate the performance of a deep learning reconstruction (DLR) based on Adaptive-Compressed sensing (CS)-Network for brain MRI and validate it in a clinical setting
Methods: Ten healthy volunteers and 22 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled. Volunteers underwent 3D brain MRI including T1 without CS factor (9:16min, reference standard); with CS factor of 2 without DLR (CS2, 4:6min); with CS factor of 2 with DLR (DLR-CS2); with CS factor of 4 without DLR (CS4, 2:6min); and with CS factor of 4 with DLR (DLR-CS4). The patients’ MRI included the CS2 and DLR-CS4. The volumes of lateral ventricles, hippocampus, choroid plexus, and white matter hypointensity were calculated and compared among the sequences. Three radiologists independently assessed anatomical conspicuity, overall image quality, artifacts, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and sharpness using a 5-point scale for each sequence.
Results: Applying acceleration factors of 2 and 4 reduced the scan time to 65.4% and 33.5%, respectively, of that of the reference standard. Volumes of all the measured subregions showed no significant differences among different sequences in all participants. In qualitative analysis, the interrater agreement was excellent (κ=0.844–0.926). In volunteers, quality of DLR-CS4 were comparable to those of CS2 for all metrics except for the overall image quality and SNR despite a 51.2% scan time reduction. In patients, DLR-CS4 showed quality comparable to that of CS2 for all metrics.
Conclusions:DLR allowedthe scan time reduction by at least half without sacrificing image quality and volumetric quantification accuracy, supporting its reliability and efficiency.
AFIENet: Feature Interaction Enhancement Network for Adaptive Text
Authors: SU Rui , GAO Shangbing , ZHAO Kefan , ZHANG Junqiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

To address the difficulties existing text categorization models face in capturing global text semantics and local details, we propose an Adaptive Feature Interactive Enhancement Network (AFIENet). This network uses two branches to model the text globally and locally. The adaptive segmentation module in the local network can dynamically split the text and capture key phrases. The global network grasps the overall central semantics. After obtaining the results from the two branches, an interaction valve is designed to evaluate the confidence of the global features and selectively fuse them with the local features effectively. Finally, the interactively enhanced features are re-input into the classifier to improve text classification performance. Experiments verify that AFIENet can effectively improve the performance of basic networks like TextCNN, RNN, and Transformer with the introduction of fewer parameters. The accuracy reaches up to 97.55% on the THUCNews dataset, 6.53 percentage points higher than the original model. The average accuracy improvement is 2.11 percentage points compared to the original model when tested on multiple datasets. Comparable results to MacBERT are obtained when using static word vectors, reflecting the wide applicability of the model.
Exploration of Cube Shape from Hypercube Graph Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs: A Vertex Approach
Authors: Adebayo Gabriel Olusola , Adeleke Babatunde Lateef 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This article explored Cube shape from Hypercube graph Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs, PBIBDs, using a Vertex Association Scheme approach. The design is aimed at increases the Efficiency Factor and reduces the Cost of the Experiment. The objects are; design the Hypercube shape, extract Cube from the Hypercube graph and then generate dataset to test the significance of those designs. The hypercube graph gives two interconnected cubes, say, Cube 1 and Cube 2.
From the Hypercube graph analysis, the result shows that the blocks are not significance with p-value of 0.4438 > 0.05 and the treatments are significance with the p-value = 0.00001< 0.05. This means that treatment 1 and treatment 3 are the outliers. Similarly, Cube 1 analysis shows that the blocks are not significance with p-value = 0.5682 > 0.05 and the treatments are significance with p-value = 0.0048 < 0.05. This means that treatment 1 and treatment 3 are the outliers. But the Cube 2, result shows that both the blocks and the treatments are not significance with p-value of 0.6288 and 0.4354 respectively because there were no outliers in treatment 9 to 16.
In conclusion, Cube 1 graph PBIBD is better than the Hypercube graph PBIBD since the Efficiency Factor, E = 0.84 > 0.8229. Also the cost of the experiment is cheaper since bk = 32 < 80. The both graph PBIBD are significance in the data analysis.
Characterization of Carbapenem-resistant biofilm forming Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from clinical and surveillance samples.
Authors: Choudhary Jyoti , Shariff Malini 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
A. baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen responsible for a wide range of human infections. The emergence of multi-drug resistance causes life-threatening hospital-acquired infections. Also, the formation of biofilm helps it survive on abiotic surfaces and transfer through health care workers, thereby causing nosocomial infections like ventilator-associated pneumonia and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Hence, we undertook to study the current scenario of antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence factors in our clinical and colonizing isolates.
Materials and methods
A total of 92 isolates (44 colonizing and 48 clinical) of Acinetobacter baumannii were included in the study. These isolates were from clinical and surveillance samples (nasal and throat swabs) taken from patients. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by VITEK 2. Biofilm formation was assessed by the tissue culture plate method. PCR for oxacillinases, MBLs and biofilm-associated genes were performed.
Results
42 (87.5%) of the clinical and 44 (97.7%) of the colonizing isolates were resistant to meropenem. A strong adherent biofilm was produced by 11 (22.91%) of the clinical and 12 (27.27%) of the colonizing isolates. No statistically significant difference was observed between strong biofilm-producing and meropenem-resistant isolates (p value = 0.75). Biofilm-associated genes, ompA, bap and csuE were present in all the colonizing isolates and 45 (93.7%), 47 (97.9%) and 44 (91.6%) of the clinical isolates respectively. blaOXA−51−like was present in all the isolates. blaOXA23−like was more prevalent in colonizing 43 (97.7%) than clinical isolates 42 (87.5%). blaOXA−58−like was present in 9 (20.4%) and 6 (12.5%), blaOXA−24−like was present in 1 (2.3%) and 2 (4.1%) of the colonizing and clinical isolates respectively. The presence of MBLs was observed to be lower than oxacillinases. NDM1 was present in 15.29%, SIM in 27%, GIM in 14.11%, VIM in 32.9%, SPM in 5.8% and IMP in 1.2% of the meropenem-resistant isolates.
Conclusion
Carbapenem resistance (XDR) is increasing in Acinetobacter baumannii. Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor responsible for its survival in the hospital environment and causes nosocomial infections. Biofilm-producing isolates were also found to be Carbapenem-resistant. Strict disinfection procedures are to be followed to prevent its spread in the hospital.
Derivation and Validation of a Clinical Deterioration Early Warning System (Cdews) Score in Hospital Inpatients
Authors: Mas Naia , Legarreta Maria Jose , Molinuevo Janire , Garcia-Gutierrez Susana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Electronic health records allow access to data on potential predictors of clinical deterioration in hospital inpatients beyond vital signs, e.g., lab test results and comorbidities. Using such data, we aimed to develop and validate a model to predict clinical deterioration.
A retrospective cohort study was conducted with information on vital signs, comorbidities, and lab test results for consecutive over-17-year-olds hospitalized in Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital. Deterioration was defined as death or unplanned admission to an intermediate/intensive care unit. A multivariate generalized linear mixed model was constructed using a derivation dataset, adjusting for the random effect of the patient. Risk scores and categories and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for this cohort, and also for an external validation cohort, to test their validity with external data. The model was calibrated in the derivation dataset considering 10 decile-based groups. The score was calibrated in both datasets.
Overall, 6,372 hospitalizations of 9,084 patients (70.5%) were included in the development dataset and 7,812 of 10,531 patients (74.2%) in the validation dataset. In these sets, 5% and 6% of patients respectively reached the composite endpoint (pvalue = 0.02). Older patients and those with polypharmacy and/or neoplasms were more likely to deteriorate. Deterioration was associated with higher blood pressure and C-reactive protein and lower oxygen saturation, glycemia, and potassium levels. The final model´s AUC was 0.83 (0.81-0.85).
We provide a reliable easy-to-implement score to predict death or unexpected intermediate/intensive care unit admission; further research is needed to assess clinical benefits.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06499376
The Relationship Between the Presence of Nevus, Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge, and Sun Protection Behaviors among Agriculture Students
Authors: Duzova Ulku Saygili , Altinel Busra , Duzova Mursel , Colak Irem Ayran 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the presence of nevus, skin cancer and sun knowledge, and sun protection behaviors in students of the faculty of agriculture.
Methods
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 students studying at the Faculty of Agriculture of a university in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey between April and June 2024. Research data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale, and Sun Protection Behavior Scale.
Results
The mean scores obtained on the skin cancer and sun knowledge scale were The students' Skin cancer and sun knowledge scale score was 10.95 ± 3.02, and the sun protection behavior scale score was 24.79 ± 6.95. A statistically significant relationship was found between sun protection behaviors and various factors such as gender, hair color, skin color, and mole-checking methods (p < 0.05). More specifically, students who described their skin color as dark had lower scores in sun protection, which was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). In addition, a weak negative relationship was discovered between the subscale of skin cancer risk factors and the subscale of sun avoidance (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
It was found that students in the faculty of agriculture had inadequate knowledge and behavior regarding skin cancer and sun protection. It is important to develop educational programs and implement strategies to provide students with the necessary behaviors regarding skin cancer and sun-related health.
Numerical Simulation of Flapping Wing Aerodynamic Characteristics
Authors: Xu Junjie , Zheng Shizhen , Chang Jianlong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Flapping wing flight technology is widely used in civil and military fields, and huge economic benefits can be created. The bionic flapping wing is the research object of this paper. The influence of flapping frequency, flight trajectory, different wing types, and various flapping layouts on the aerodynamic characteristics of the flapping wing is investigated through numerical calculation. It was found that an increase in the flutter frequency can lead to an increase in the lift and drag of the flutter wing, as well as the strength of the flutter wing leading edge vortex, thereby improving the aerodynamic characteristics of the flutter wing. With the same symmetry of the trajectory of the flapping wing, the flapping wing lift characteristics are the same, but the drag characteristics may be different. If the symmetry of the flapping wing trajectory is distinct, the lift and drag characteristics of the flapping wing are different, if the curvature and thickness of the wing are different, the aerodynamic characteristics of the flapping wing are distinct. Finally, it is determined that under certain conditions, a tandem layout flapping wing can have better aerodynamic characteristics than a parallel layout flapping wing.
Phenome-wide Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Genetic Variants Linking Intracranial Aneurysm, Unruptured Aneurysm, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Maimaiti Aierpati , Pan Lin , Yang Wenzhuo , Yang Laiyu , Chen Leyan , Zhao Zibing , Wang Yongxin , Wang Zengliang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Emerging observational studies showed that intracranial aneurysm (IA) was associated with a variety of diseases. However, the causal nature of these associations is uncertain.
Method: Based on the GWAS summary data of IA, unruptured IA (UIA) and nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH), we strictly selected instrumental variables. Through phenotype-wide Mendelian randomization analysis (MR-PheWAS), the association between gene-predicted IA, UIA, SAH and 4057 phenotypes in the UK Biobank study was mapped. The MR-PheWAS association was further examined using data from the FinnGen study (n =260,405). At the same time, we also explored the causal effects of IA, UIA and SAH on the phenotype at the genetic level in reverse.
Results: In the MR-PheWAS study of IA, we found that hypertension, difficulty quitting smoking, and use of antihypertensive medications, metabolic characteristics such as diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride levels significantly increased the risk of IA. Anthropometric characteristics, environmental and neurological factors, and metabolic profiles were significantly associated with UIA risk. Consistent with findings from IA studies, we found that the neurological phenotypes of hypertension and difficulty quitting smoking significantly increased the risk of SAH. These causal associations were still confirmed in the FinnGen study.
Conclusion: Our findings help to understand the pathogenesis of these diseases and provide an important basis for developing prevention and treatment strategies. Clinical practice should emphasize management of hypertension, smoking cessation support, and early monitoring and intervention in high-risk patients.