bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining relationships between cloud‐resolving model parameters and total flash rates to generate lightning density maps
Authors: Bovalo Christophe , Barthe Christelle , Pinty Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2019

Forecasting the electrical activity of a storm is a difficult task because of the complexity of cloud electrification processes and the unforeseeable characteristics of lightning flashes. Nowadays, very few models are able to simulate explicitly the entire life cycle of the electric charges in clouds, which is a result of the balance between the charge separation rates (microphysics) and the charge neutralization rates by lightning flashes (physics of streamer discharges).The main objective of this study is to investigate which particular dynamical and/or microphysical parameter can serve as the best proxy for the total lightning activity. With this aim, eight storms were simulated with Meso‐NH and its cloud electrical scheme. This model‐to‐model approach guarantees a full consistency between the dynamics, the microphysics and the lightning activity. Two approaches are followed to analyse the results. The first one considers the entire domain of simulation, while the second one concentrates on individual convective cells.Linear regressions between predicted flash rates and recorded parameters or proxies (total graupel mass, updraught volume with vertical velocity higher than 10 m/s, product of precipitating and non‐precipitating ice mass flux and maximum updraught speed) are analysed to show the benefit of the cell‐scale approach. Then, in order to evaluate the relationships, the HyMeX storm case of 24 September 2012 was simulated. The mass of graupel best represents the overall location of the lightning activity (RMSE of the flash rate density better than 10−2 fl min−1km−2) and locates the peak lightning flash rate well. The three other proxies tend to cause false alarms due to the y‐intercept value of the regression equation.
Ultrathin and Stretchable Rechargeable Devices with Organic Polymer Nanosheets Conformable to Skin Surface
Authors: Hatakeyama‐Sato Kan , Wakamatsu Hisato , Yamagishi Kento , Fujie Toshinori , Takeoka Shinji , Oyaizu Kenichi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUltrathin flexible electronic devices have been attracting substantial attention for biomonitoring, display, wireless communication, and many other ubiquitous applications. In this article, organic robust redox‐active polymer/carbon nanotube hybrid nanosheets with thickness of just 100 nm are reported as power sources for ultrathin devices conformable to skin. Regardless of the extreme thinness of the electrodes, a moderately large current density of 0.4 mA cm−2is achieved due to the high output of the polymers (>10 A g−1). For the first time, the use of mechanically robust yet intrinsically soft electrodes and polymer nanosheet sealing leads to the fabrication of rechargeable devices with only 1‐µm thickness and even with stretchable properties.
Organocatalytic Desymmetrization Reactions for the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Compounds
Authors: Di Iorio Nicola , Crotti Simone , Bencivenni Giorgio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of atropisomers is an emerging field, that in recent years reached fundamental results and put the bases for innovative applications. Organocatalysis is playing a central role in the realization of original synthesis for novel atropisomeric scaffolds.[1] In this short review, we would like to highlight the results obtained by our group and others in the field of axially enantioselective desymmetrization reactions using organocatalysis as main strategy.
Competitive cross‐voltage level procurement of reactive power considering reliable capacity from wind and photovoltaics
Authors: Kaempf Erika , Ernst Bernhard , Braun Martin 
Published: February 2019

Transition toward high shares of power production from wind and photovoltaics (PV) brings about a substantial increase in controllable reactive power (Q). The capability to provide Q independent of active power production (24/7) is available at comparably low or even zero investment cost. Yet, this capability is not required by network connection codes and only rarely utilized, even if available. In a first step, we take an overall economic perspective and review the economic competition of 24/7 Q provision from variable renewable power plants (VRPP) with alternative Q resources. Technical restrictions to be respected are discussed, as well as the reliability requirements related to investment‐planning relevant Q provision. Competitiveness is significantly influenced by Q utilization rate and connecting voltage level. For practical implementation of 24/7 Q procurement from VRPP, its value needs to be assessed. We review possible approaches from overall economic perspective. We conclude that in operational decisions, VRPP Q should be valued at marginal cost, whereas in Q investment planning decisions, full cost should be considered. We derive the pros and cons of making 24/7 Q provision a mandatory part of network connection codes. For system operators (SOs) to integrate available capacity, regulatory acknowledgment of related revenue impact should be considered. We present possible solutions. Summarizing, the contribution presents the status quo in research on cross‐voltage level, investment‐relevant Q provision by VRPP. Using the presented methodology for value assessment, areas for further research are systematically pointed out.This article is categorized under:Wind Power > Systems and InfrastructureEnergy Policy and Planning > Economics and PolicyPhotovoltaics > Economics and Policy
RNAs in the spliceosome: Insight from cryoEM structures
Authors: Zhang Lingdi , Vielle Anne , Espinosa Sara , Zhao Rui 
Published: February 2019

Pre‐mRNA splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome, a multimegadalton RNA–protein complex. The spliceosome undergoes dramatic compositional and conformational changes through the splicing cycle, forming at least 10 distinct complexes. Recent high‐resolution cryoEM structures of various spliceosomal complexes revealed unprecedented details of this large molecular machine. This review highlights insight into the structure and function of the spliceosomal RNA components obtained from these new structures, with a focus on the yeast spliceosome.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Multiparticle production at mid-rapidity in the color-glass condensate
Authors: Martinez Mauricio , Sievert Matthew D. , Wertepny Douglas E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we compute a number of cross sections for the production of multiple particles at mid-rapidity in the semi-dilute / dense regime of the color-glass condensate (CGC) effective field theory. In particular, we present new results for the production of two quark-antiquark pairs (whether the same or different flavors) and for the production of one quark-antiquark pair and a gluon. We also demonstrate the existence of a simple mapping which transforms the cross section to produce a quark-antiquark pair into the corresponding cross section to produce a gluon, which we use to obtain various results and to cross-check them against the literature. We also discuss hadronization effects in the heavy flavor sector, writing explicit expressions for the production of various combinations ofDand$$ \overline{D} $$D¯mesons,J/ψ mesons, and light hadrons. The various multiparticle cross sections presented here contain a wealth of information and can be used to study heavy flavor production, charge-dependent correlations, and “collective” flow phenomena arising from initial-state dynamics.
The impact of transparency on mobile privacy decision making
Authors: Betzing Jan Hendrik , Tietz Matthias , vom Brocke Jan , Becker Jörg 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Smart devices provide unprecedented access to users’ personal information, on which businesses capitalize to offer personalized services. Although users must grant permission before their personal information is shared, they often do so without knowing the consequences of their decision. Based on the EU General Data Protection Regulation, which mandates service providers to comprehensively inform users about the purpose and terms of personal data processing, this article examines how increased transparency regarding personal data processing practices in mobile permission requests impact users in making informed decisions. We conducted an online experiment with 307 participants to test the effect of transparency on users’ decisions about and comprehension of the requested permission. The results indicate increased comprehension of data processing practices when privacy policies are transparently disclosed, whereas acceptance rates do not vary significantly. We condense our findings into principles that service providers can apply to design privacy-transparent mobile apps.
THE META-INDUCTIVE JUSTIFICATION OF INDUCTION
Authors: Sterkenburg Tom F. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTI evaluate Schurz's proposed meta-inductive justification of induction, a refinement of Reichenbach's pragmatic justification that rests on results from the machine learning branch of prediction with expert advice.My conclusion is that the argument, suitably explicated, comes remarkably close to its grand aim: an actual justification of induction. This finding, however, is subject to two main qualifications, and still disregards one important challenge.The first qualification concerns the empirical success of induction. Even though, I argue, Schurz's argument does not need to spell out what inductive method actually consists in, it does need to postulate that there is something like the inductive or scientific prediction strategy that has so far been significantly more successful than alternative approaches. The second qualification concerns the difference between having a justification for inductive method and for sticking with induction for now. Schurz's argument can only provide the latter. Finally, the remaining challenge concerns the pool of alternative strategies, and the relevant notion of a meta-inductivist's optimality that features in the analytic step of Schurz's argument. Building on the work done here, I will argue in a follow-up paper that the argument needs a stronger dynamic notion of a meta-inductivist's optimality.
The Revolutionary Democracy of Ethiopia: A Wartime Ideology Both Shaping and Shaped by Peacetime Policy Needs
Authors: Aalen Lovise 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), victor in the civil war in 1991, has since transformed into an authoritarian party. While this transition is well covered in the literature, few studies have explored how the party’s ideology has adapted after its position was consolidated. This article addresses this gap, by analysing the EPRDF’s ideology of revolutionary democracy, and how the interpretation of it has changed over time. The Ethiopian case shows that wartime ideologies should not be considered as static remnants of the past. Instead, the ideology has served as a flexible political tool for controlling the state and for justifying or concealing major policy changes. More recent protests and ruptures in the ruling party, however, indicate that revolutionary democracy may have an expiry date. There seems thus to be a limit to how long a wartime ideology can provide power to uphold a rebel government’s hegemony and coherence.
Identifying disruptions to the ecological balance of nature: a foraminiferal example across the initiation of the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum
Authors: Hayek Lee-Ann C. , Buzas Martin A. , Thomas Ellen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDeriving ecological and evolutionary descriptions of, and implications from, faunal assemblage patterns is commonly addressed by observation and a variety of exploratory techniques (scaling and clustering), along with qualitative evaluations of species occurrences and relative abundances. We argue that interpretations of faunal patterns, especially those documented by the fossil record, should be based upon the composition and structure of entire communities to provide strong conclusions and replicable results.As an example, we use benthic foraminiferal data at high resolution (1–2 cm, corresponding to 300–1400 yr) over a section corresponding to about 20 kyr across the beginning of the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM). The PETM was an episode of rapid global warming about 55.5 Ma, associated with ocean acidification and lowered open oceanic productivity and deoxygenation and marked by severe turnover in benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Here we provide a stand-alone approach applicable to any dynamic faunal system, perturbation detection analysis (PDA), to recognize and identify community disruption evidenced as either positive growth or negative decline, and we use this methodical approach to obtain new information on foraminiferal communities before, during, and after the initiation of the PETM.We conclude that the late Paleocene benthic foraminiferal community (FCOM1) was in a growth stage of positive increasing diversity, suggestive of favorable environmental conditions. This stage continued through the initial changes at the onset of the PETM, when disruption through environmental stress led to this community's termination. A second community (FCOM2) formed with declining diversity and high variability, showing a lack of adaptation to changing conditions. Knowledge of total assemblage status under both adverse and advantageous conditions is necessary, but not recognized by methods that rely upon analysis of single samples only: individual samples cannot be used to recognize disruptive changes in a community's structure, but these are easily identified using PDA.
ORIENTED FLIP GRAPHS, NONCROSSING TREE PARTITIONS, AND REPRESENTATION THEORY OF TILING ALGEBRAS
Authors: GARVER ALEXANDER , MCCONVILLE THOMAS 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to understand lattices of certain subcategories in module categories of representation-finite gentle algebras called tiling algebras, as introduced by Coelho Simões and Parsons. We present combinatorial models for torsion pairs and wide subcategories in the module category of tiling algebras. Our models use the oriented flip graphs and noncrossing tree partitions, previously introduced by the authors, and a description of the extension spaces between indecomposable modules over tiling algebras. In addition, we classify two-term simple-minded collections in bounded derived categories of tiling algebras. As a consequence, we obtain a characterization ofc-matrices for any quiver mutation-equivalent to a typeADynkin quiver.
The Permafrost Young Researchers Network (PYRN) is getting older: The past, present, and future of our evolving community
Authors: Tanski George , Bergstedt Helena , Bevington Alexandre , Bonnaventure Philip , Bouchard Frédéric , Coch Caroline , Dumais Simon , Evgrafova Alevtina , Frauenfeld Oliver W. , Frederick Jennifer , Fritz Michael , Frolov Denis , Harder Silvie , Hartmeyer Ingo , Heslop Joanne , Högström Elin , Johansson Margareta , Kraev Gleb , Kuznetsova Elena , Lenz Josefine , Lupachev Alexey , Magnin Florence , Martens Jannik , Maslakov Alexey , Morgenstern Anne , Nieuwendam Alexandre , Oliva Marc , Radosavljevic Boris , Ramage Justine , Schneider Andrea , Stanilovskaya Julia , Strauss Jens , Trochim Erin , Vecellio Daniel J. , Weber Samuel , Lantuit Hugues 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA lasting legacy of the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007–2008 was the promotion of the Permafrost Young Researchers Network (PYRN), initially an IPY outreach and education activity by the International Permafrost Association (IPA). With the momentum of IPY, PYRN developed into a thriving network that still connects young permafrost scientists, engineers, and researchers from other disciplines. This research note summarises (1) PYRN’s development since 2005 and the IPY’s role, (2) the first 2015 PYRN census and survey results, and (3) PYRN’s future plans to improve international and interdisciplinary exchange between young researchers. The review concludes that PYRN is an established network within the polar research community that has continually developed since 2005. PYRN’s successful activities were largely fostered by IPY. With >200 of the 1200 registered members active and engaged, PYRN is capitalising on the availability of social media tools and rising to meet environmental challenges while maintaining its role as a successful network honouring the legacy of IPY.
EDUCATIONAL DISPARITIES IN COLOMBIA 1904-58: NEW EVIDENCE FROM A REGIONAL LEVEL APPROACH
Authors: Fuentes-Vásquez María José 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTRegional economic differences in Colombia have persisted over time. The present study seeks to contribute to the debate on the territorial differences of the country through the identification of patterns of low coverage in both primary and secondary education between 1904 and 1958. The results, coinciding with other studies on income, show a tendency towards the formation of an educational cluster in the centre of the country and the existence of a human capital trap in the periphery. The results also suggest that there is a high correlation between fiscal capacity and enrolment rates. Finally, it can also be observed that territories with the highest enrolment rates are associated with high urban enrolment rates during the process of country-wide urbanisation.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-DETERMINATION ACROSS THE LANGUAGE COURSE
Authors: Noels Kimberly A. , Vargas Lascano Dayuma I. , Saumure Kristie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResearch suggests that students put more effort into language learning when they feel that it is a voluntary and self-relevant activity or they enjoy the process of mastering that language (i.e., they have a more self-determined orientation). This orientation is fostered when learners feel autonomous, competent, and related to others in their learning environment. We followed 162 university students of French across one semester to examine these causal claims longitudinally. Latent growth curve modeling showed that feelings of autonomy, competence, and relatedness and self-determined motivation increased across the semester while engagement declined. Parallel processes growth curve modeling showed that declines in engagement across the semester were attenuated to the extent that self-determined motivation increased. Auto-regressive cross-lagged analysis showed that, contrary to expectation, more engagement as the semester started predicted greater self-determination mid-semester (instead of vice versa), but these relations became reciprocal from mid-semester on. These findings are consistent with a dynamic model of motivation that emphasizes the reciprocal interplay between motivational constructs over the duration of a language course. The implications of these findings for motivation theory and instructional practices are discussed.
Mining for humanity in the deep sea and outer space: The role of small states and international law in the extraterritorial expansion of extraction
Authors: Feichtner Isabel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article explores how Luxembourg and Nauru put their sovereignty to use in order to become global players in what can be considered extraterritorial landgrabs – the turning of the deep seabed and outer space into realms of commercial exploitation. It shows how the international legal framework puts states, however small, into a position to facilitate private enterprises’ endeavours to obtain extraterritorial exploitation rights. The article further enquires into the public interest justifications put forward by governments to legitimate their support for the expansion of private resource extraction into the deep sea and outer space. It finds that these justifications are very tenuous; that governments refer to vague notions of economic growth and benefits that may accrue from extraction to an undefined humanity while it remains unclear whether their own populations will obtain any concrete gains. Both case studies illustrate how states, on the basis of international law, facilitate the expansion of private value extraction, thus perverting the redistributive ambitions that may once have motivated the negotiations of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Outer Space Treaty.
Returning foreign fighters: The case of Denmark
Authors: Jakobsen Helene Højfeldt 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article considers which legal regimes apply in cases where a Danish citizen and/or resident returns from Syria or Iraq after having taken part in the armed conflict on behalf of the group known as Islamic State, and continues his/her affiliation with the armed group. The article argues that international humanitarian law currently applies to the Danish territory and that a Danish foreign fighter may continue to be considered as taking a direct part in hostilities after having returned from Iraq or Syria. The article then considers the application of Danish criminal law to returned foreign fighters and argues that Danish counterterrorism laws do not apply to members of the armed forces of an armed group that is party to an armed conflict with Denmark.
Unraveling the Mystery of Indian Summer Monsoon Prediction: Improved Estimate of Predictability Limit
Authors: Saha Subodh Kumar , Hazra Anupam , Pokhrel Samir , Chaudhari Hemantkumar S. , Sujith K. , Rai Archana , Rahaman Hasibur , Goswami B. N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLarge socioeconomic impact of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) extremes motivated numerous attempts at its long range prediction over the past century. However, a rather low potential predictability (PP) of the seasonal ISM, contributed significantly by “internal,” interannual variability was considered insurmountable. Here we show that the internal variability contributed by the ISM subseasonal (synoptic + intraseasonal) fluctuations, so far considered chaotic, is partly predictable as found to be tied to slowly varying forcing (e.g., El Niño and Southern Oscillation). This provides a scientific basis for predictability of the ISM rainfall beyond the conventional estimates of PP. We establish a much higher actual limit of PP (r∼0.82) through an extensive reforecast experiment (1,920 years of simulation) by improving two major physics in a global coupled climate model, which raises a hope for a very reliable dynamical seasonal ISM forecasting in the near future.
Prediction of Ice‐Free Conditions for a Perennially Ice‐Covered Antarctic Lake
Authors: Obryk M. K. , Doran P. T. , Priscu J. C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough perennially ice‐covered Antarctic lakes have experienced variable ice thicknesses over the past several decades, future ice thickness trends and associated aquatic biological responses under projected global warming remain unknown. Heat stored in the water column in chemically stratified Antarctic lakes that have middepth temperature maxima can significantly influence the ice thickness trends via upward heat flux to the ice/water interface. We modeled the ice thickness of the west lobe of Lake Bonney, Antarctica, based on possible future climate scenarios utilizing a 1D thermodynamic model that accounts for surface radiative fluxes as well as the heat flux associated with the temperature evolution of the water column. Model results predict that the ice cover of Lake Bonney will shift from perennial to seasonal within one to four decades, a change that will drastically influence ecosystem processes within the lake.