bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-fluid Approach to High-frequency Waves in Plasmas. III. Nonlinear Regime and Plasma Heating
Authors: Martínez-Gómez David , Soler Roberto , Terradas Jaume 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The multi-fluid modeling of high-frequency waves in partially ionized plasmas has shown that the behavior of magnetohydrodynamic waves in the linear regime is heavily influenced by the collisional interaction between the different species that form the plasma. Here, we go beyond linear theory and study large-amplitude waves in partially ionized plasmas using a nonlinear multi-fluid code. It is known that in fully ionized plasmas, nonlinear Alfvén waves generate density and pressure perturbations. Those nonlinear effects are more pronounced for standing oscillations than for propagating waves. By means of numerical simulations and analytical approximations, we examine how the collisional interaction between ions and neutrals affects the nonlinear evolution. The friction due to collisions dissipates a fraction of the wave energy, which is transformed into heat and consequently raises the temperature of the plasma. As an application, we investigate frictional heating in a plasma with physical conditions akin to those in a quiescent solar prominence.
Une jeunesse pour la guerre : la Hitlerjugend (1922-1945)
Authors: Pine Lisa 
Published: March 2018

Cet article souligne que l’histoire des enfants-soldats lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale tient pour une large part au rôle que jouèrent les Jeunesses hitlériennes (Hitlerjugend ou HJ). Il retrace le développement de la Hitlerjugend, mouvement de jeunesse devenu canal de recrutement pour le personnel de guerre. L’Allemagne avait une longue et fière tradition de mouvements de jeunesse au sein de laquelle la HJ occupe une place particulière. Les Jeunesses hitlériennes en vinrent à incarner un esprit ouvertement militaire, que caractérisait une masculinité dure et martiale très différente des autres formes de masculinité qui s’épanouissaient jusqu’alors dans les institutions traditionnelles telles que la famille, l’école et l’église. L’article débute par une exploration de l’histoire des Jeunesses hitlériennes, afin de mettre en contexte la période de guerre, avant d’analyser la formation de ce mouvement, les expériences vécues en temps de guerre et la transformation de ses membres en véritables soldats. Dans la quête d’expansion territoriale ou Lebensraum (« espace vital ») du Troisième Reich, la génération Hitlerjugend joua un rôle important pour la Volksgemeinschaft (« communauté nationale »), la guerre et la conquête de l’empire. Au cœur de la guerre, garçons et filles allemands furent recrutés pour la défense antiaérienne, les premiers parfois envoyés dans les régiments de la Wehrmacht ou de la SS. Enfin, vers la fin de la guerre, de jeunes garçons furent recrutés par la Volkssturm (la milice populaire), défendant l’État national-socialiste jusqu’à la fin en 1945.
La gauche face à la crise de la gouvernance des migrations
Authors: Carême Damien , Palheta Ugo , Binctin Barnabé , Brücker Pauline , Simon Patrick , Vertongen Youri Lou 
Published: March 2018

Avec la dite « crise des réfugié·e·s », les gouvernements européens ont confirmé leur obsession sécuritaire dans la gestion des phénomènes migratoires. Loin d’assurer l’accueil et la protection sur le terrain, ils privilégient davantage le tri et le contrôle, et le cas échéant le refoulement, des migrant·e·s, bafouant ainsi les principes fondamentaux d’une Convention de Genève par ailleurs dépassée pour traiter du contexte actuel. Particulièrement absente des débats depuis le fameux « été des migrations » en 2015, la gauche européenne s’est montrée incapable de produire des contre-offensives aux discours de repli sur soi qui font le lit, aujourd’hui encore, d’un durcissement des politiques d’asile. Comment expliquer cette mise en retrait des forces de gauche, institutionnelles ou non, pourtant attendues comme alternatives aux mesures restrictives décidées en matière migratoire ? C’est la question que nous avons posée à deux personnalités de gauche, engagées à leur échelle dans le soutien et l’accueil des migrant·e·s.
« On a fait la révolution pour être libres. Libres de partir » : les départs des harragas de la Tunisie en révolution
Authors: Giusa Caterina 
Published: March 2018

Le 28 octobre 2017, un groupe de harragas tunisiens bloqués dans le hotspot de l’île de Lampedusa (Italie) publient un communiqué où ils annoncent le début d’une grève de la faim pour « réclamer [leur] droit de circulation et pour protester contre l’expulsion forcée ». Ces jeunes hommes qui ont quitté la Tunisie après la révolution sont souvent sommés de se justifier, aussi bien du côté de l’Europe que de la Tunisie, alors même que ces migrations peuvent être analysées comme un prolongement du phénomène révolutionnaire.
Calais, carrefour des solidarités citoyennes
Authors: Bouagga Yasmine 
Published: March 2018

Au cours des années 2015 et 2016, Calais et sa région ont été des lieux d’intenses engagements citoyens et de mobilisations en solidarité avec les personnes migrantes bloquées à la frontière franco-britannique. Des milliers de volontaires sont venu·e·s apporter leur soutien, individuellement ou au sein d’associations plus ou moins professionnalisées. Si les actions de solidarité sont anciennes, elles ont pris, ponctuellement, une ampleur inédite avec la médiatisation de la « crise des réfugiés », et en réaction à des politiques gouvernementales perçues comme inhospitalières ou défaillantes. Ces soutiens hétérogènes, fortement internationalisés et investis dans les campements mêmes ont réinterrogé les rapports de l’humanitaire et du politique.
Nos voisins les migrants : occupation et vie locale à Place des Fêtes, Paris 19 e
Authors: Simon Patrick , Coutant Isabelle 
Published: March 2018

L’occupation par des migrants venant de la Chapelle du lycée Jean Quarré – désaffecté – à Place des Fêtes dans le 19 e arrondissement de Paris a suscité des réactions contrastées dans le quartier. Aux crispations des uns a répondu la mobilisation d’un comité de soutien qui a accompagné l’occupation. Isabelle Coutant, qui a observé l’installation des migrants dans le lycée et ses conséquences sur la vie locale, revient sur les différents répertoires de mobilisation dans le quartier et les relations entre collectifs de soutien.
Conceptualisation of African primal health care within mental health care
Authors: Nare Neo E. , Pienaar Abel J. , Mphuthi Ditaba D. 
Published: March 2018

Background: It is believed by western education systems that the first contact should be with the nurse in primary health care. However, it is not the case. Therefore, the researcher attempts to correct this misconception by conceptualising the correct beginning of health seeking behaviour in an indigenous African community, namely African Primal Health Care (APHC). ‘Primal’ was coined during a colloquium by Dr Mbulawa and Seboka team members; however no formal conceptualisation took place, only operational definition. Due to the study scope, conceptualisation is narrowed to mental health, but this concept is applicable in the broader health context. The research purpose was to contribute to the body of indigenous knowledge systems to advocate towards co-existence of primal health care and mental health care.Aim: Formulate APHC within a mental health care context.Objectives: To explore philosophical grounding of APHC and describe epistemology of APHC. To analyse and crystallise the exploration to establish understanding within mental health and conceptualise APHC within mental health care to enhance co-existence.Methodology: Narrative synthesis, concept analysis (qualitative design). Lekgotla was used as a method of data collection and data were analysed using Leedy and Ormrod’s five steps of data analysis.Results: APHC is a health care system that existed in Africa prior to the introduction of the western health care system. It is based on the African belief system and practices. The practices come from the community, for the community and are authenticated by the community. APHC uses a holistic approach and the family and community are involved in the healing process.
Challenges in implementing continuous support during childbirth in selected public hospitals in the North West Province of South Africa
Authors: Spencer Nobelungu S. , Du Preez Antoinette , Minnie Catharina S. 
Published: March 2018

Background: According to a Cochrane review, continuous support during childbirth increases the mother’s chances of a vaginal birth without identified adverse effects. However, this evidence-based practice is not universally implemented. The objective of the study was to identify challenges encountered in implementing continuous support during childbirth in public hospitals in the North West Province of South Africa. Method: An explorative, descriptive and contextual qualitative approach was used. The data were collected during 2013 by conducting focus group interviews with 33 registered midwives who had worked in maternity units in three selected public hospitals in the North West Province for at least two years. Results: Midwives identified challenges that negatively impacted the implementation of continuous support during childbirth at organisational and interpersonal levels. At the organisational level, challenges included human resources, policies and guidelines as well as the architectural outlay of the maternity units. The personal challenges related to communication and attitudes of nurses, patients and their families. Conclusions: Organisational and personal challenges had a negative impact on the provision of continuous care during childbirth.
Research trends in the <i>South African Journal of Human Resource Management<i>
Authors: Pietersen Charlotte 
Published: March 2018

Orientation: A comprehensive framework for research in human resource management (HRM) in terms of fundamental knowledge orientations was found lacking.Research purpose: The aim was to perform a typological review of research trends in the field of HRM, specifically of publications in the South African Journal of Human Resource Management (SAJHRM).Motivation for the study: No previous research in the field of HRM in South Africa adopted a fundamental theory of knowledge.Research design, approach and method: A qualitative design was followed, consisting of a documentary analysis of articles that were published in the SAJHRM for the period from 2003 to 2015. A detailed content analysis of published articles was performed in terms of a number of criteria, namely knowledge type, race, gender, authorship, author contribution and representation according to author institution and country of origin.Main findings: An analysis of a final selection of 289 articles indicated that research in the SAJHRM was mostly on the following lines: research was mostly of the hypothesis-testing (Type II) knowledge type; involved multiple authorship; and was conducted by mostly white, male researchers, based at a relatively few South African academic institutions.Practical and managerial implications: The SAJHRM should, in partnership with the HRM profession, promote and publish research that more prominently addresses the gap between academic HRM and HRM practice, especially in terms of the participatory or action research (Type IV) mode of knowledge generation.Contribution: The present analysis of research trends in the SAJHRM provides a broader and more nuanced perspective on forms of research required for the HRM field in South Africa.
Investigating the impact of a combined approach of perceived organisational support for strengths use and deficit correction on employee outcomes
Authors: Els Crizelle , Mostert Karina , Van Woerkom Marianne 
Published: March 2018

Orientation: The positive psychology paradigm suggests a balanced focus on employee strengths and deficits. However, an overemphasis on strengths has raised questions regarding the value of a focus on strengths use, deficit improvement or a combined approach with a balanced focus on both.Research purpose: The primary objective was to examine whether perceived organisational support (POS) for strengths use, POS for deficit improvement or a combined approach would be the strongest predictor of work engagement, learning, job satisfaction and turnover intention.Motivation for the study: In the literature, there is little empirical evidence to support an approach where both employees’ strengths are used and their deficits improved.Research design, approach and method: This study was conducted among 266 teachers from four public schools in the Western Cape. A cross-sectional survey design was used.Main findings: The results suggest that both strengths use and deficit improvement are important predictors of work engagement, learning, job satisfaction and turnover intention. Learning was higher and turnover intention lower for individuals experiencing a combined approach compared to those believing that their school did not support them in either using their strengths or improving their deficits. Furthermore, a combined approach was associated with higher job satisfaction than a strengths-based approach, and a deficit-based approach was shown to be associated with higher levels of work engagement and lower turnover intentions compared to an environment where neither employees’ strengths nor deficits were addressed.Practical or managerial implications: The results urge organisations to invest an equal amount of resources in their employees’ strengths and deficits, as opposed to neglecting either one. Such a combined approach may be associated with increased work engagement, learning and job satisfaction and lower turnover intention.Contribution: This study provides empirical evidence that supports a combined approach where both employees’ strengths are used and their deficits developed.
Monoclonal Gammopathy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case
Report and Review of its Literature
Authors: Goli Vasu Babu , Jain Reetu , Bhat Ganapathi , Sainani Anjana , Advani S H 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe presence of monoclonal gammopathies in B-cell malignancies occurs frequently. Monoclonal proteins are present in a significant number of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which is a disorder of antigen-stimulated mature B-cells. The recognition of monoclonal proteins or light chains in the serum and/or urine is increased in the majority of CLL patients with the use of highly sensitive laboratory methods such as serum immunofixation studies. A different autoimmune phenomenon may explain the presence of some of these monoclonal proteins. Some reports indicate that the finding of monoclonal proteins has a negative impact on patients' survival. However, there is no clear evidence to suggest the prognostic significance of monoclonal proteins in patients with CLL. Although the presence of monoclonal proteins in CLL occurs usually at an incidence of 60%–80%, there are very few cases reported in literature. We report a case of CLL diagnosed in 2009 who developed disease progression along with the presence of immunoglobulin kappa monoclonal gammopathy. Although the presence of monoclonal gammopathy might be due to the use of highly sensitive methods, this can be due to autoimmune phenomenon or development from the same or different clone of B-cells.
Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in Adult Patients with Gastric Cancer in Northeast of Iran
Authors: Amoueian Sakineh , Attaranzadeh Armin , Gholamimoallem Zeinab , Sadeghi Masoud , Hashemi Seyed-Mehdi , Allahyari Abolghasem 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a DNA virus from human herpes virus that associates with many of the human cancers including gastric cancer (GC). Aims: The aim of the present study was to report infection of EBV in adult patients with GC in Northeast of Iran and the correlation between a number of clinicopathology factors with EBV status. Materials and Methods: In a case–control study in 2016, 56 GC patients and 56 controls were selected for the analysis. All patients had gastric adenocarcinoma untreated patients with age >18 years. EBV status detected by the polymerase chain reaction method. Results: Out of 56 GC patients, 35 (62.5%) were EBV positivity and out of 56 controls 3 (5.4%) were EBV positivity (P < 0.001). There is not a significant correlation between the variables with the EBV status (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the progression-free survival rate for the patients with EBV negativity was 95.2% compared with 82.9% for EBV positivity (P = 0.174). Conclusions: This study reported a very high prevalence of EBV-associated GC in the Northeast of Iran compared with other areas of the World and showed a significant correlation between EBV infection and incidence of GC.
KRAS and NRAS Testing in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Central Iran (Tehran): A Review on Literature of the Middle East
Authors: Shahriari-Ahmadi Ali , Ansarinejad Nafise , Fardad Farshid , Abbaszadeh Mehrdad , Sadeghi Masoud 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Context: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the past three decades in Iran has made it as a major public health burden. Aims: The aim of this study is to report the prevalence of KRAS and NRAS mutations in Iran and the correlation between KRAS mutation status with clinicopathological factors and survival.Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 144 patients were entered into the study based on the criteria. Age, sex, tumor site, grade, metastasis location, familial history, KRAS/NRAS status, and survival were checked for all patients, and the patients were followed for 1 year. DNA was extracted with FFPE QIAGEN kit and then polymerase chain reaction for amplification of gene segments of KRAS and NRAS genes. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 52.9 years (range: 27–72 years) that 39.6% patients had age <50 years and 54.2% were men. KRAS mutation was significantly more in the patients with age ≥50 compared with KRAS wild type. Furthermore, the 6-month overall survival rate in KRAS mutation patients was significantly more than KRAS wild-type patients. Liver metastasis (72.9%) had the highest prevalence of metastasis in the patients, and Grade II with 64.6% had the most prevalence. Conclusions: The metastatic CRC was more prevalent in men than women, and the mean age varied around 50–60 years. The results showed that the present study had the highest prevalence of KRAS mutation in the Middle East and Pakistan with the lowest prevalence in CRC patients.
Breast cancer awareness among women in an urban setup in Western India
Authors: Singh Ranvijay , Shetty Nishitha , Rai Parashar , Yadav Ghanshyam , Gandhi Mukti , Naveed Maryam , Ronghe Ashwini M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women globally. Better outcomes for patients can be ensured by early detection and treatment. Early detection requires a high degree of awareness about the various aspects of cancer including etiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and breast self-examination (BSE) practices. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness related to breast cancer along with willingness for treatment, among women in an urban setup in Western India. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 500 women belonging to the age group of 18–70 years residing in an urban area of Mumbai. Data were obtained through the use of a structured questionnaire over a period of 6 months (April–September 2016). Results: Over half of the respondents (71.42%) knew the symptoms of breast cancer. Awareness regarding the risk factors was varied. Although most (85.71%) of the respondents knew about BSE, contrastingly very few (38.09%) actually performed it. Awareness regarding diagnostic tests was limited to mammography and biopsy, but 90.47% of the women were willing to undergo these tests. 66.67% of women reported that the best treatment for breast cancer was surgery. Conclusion: Awareness of the different presentations of breast cancers (other than lump) is limited and so is the knowledge pertaining to risk factors. A lower level of education is most likely responsible for the low level of awareness and this is the main obstacle for undergoing regular cancer screening and early detection. There is a need of developing an effective health education programs to educate women about breast cancer, propagate valid information via the media, and promote early detection of breast cancer to ensure better outcomes.
Mixed Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor with Rhabdomyosarcomatous Malignant Transformation in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Pham Robin L , Ray Anish , Margraf Linda R 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTesticular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common malignancy in males aged 15–34. The transformation of GCTs into secondary somatic-type malignancies is rare, and the lack of clear treatment guidelines presents a clinical challenge for treating physicians, especially when chemosensitivities do not overlap. We present the case of a 15-year-old-male with a mixed nonseminomatous malignant GCT with an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma component, which made up 60% of the primary tumor. He was successfully treated with surgical resection and chemotherapy. We highlight our experience in diagnosing and treating this tumor, and through literature review, suggest treatment guidelines for treating a pediatric patient with similar tumor presentation.
Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Risk Factor For Analysis For Disease Free Survival
Authors: Azhar Yohana , Achmad Dimyati , Lukman Kiki , Hilmanto Dani 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Context:The context of this study was epidemiology pediatric thyroid cancer in Bandung, Indonesia. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcome between children and young adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treated in our hospital. Settings and Design:This was a cohort retrospective study. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 144 patients with DTC who underwent thyroid surgery followed by radioiodine and thyroid hormone suppression were retrospectively reviewed. Thyroid cancers were diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2010. Participants consisted of 43 patients who were younger than 21 years old and 101 young adult patients (older than 21 years old but younger or equal to 40 years). The clinical characteristics and outcomes were analyzed and compared, and then, recurrence-free survival was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier methods. Statistical Analysis Used: Software R 3.3.0 version for Windows was used in this study. Results: Female has higher tendency to have thyroid cancer than male (P = 0.006). Based on histopathology report, classic papillary thyroid cancer is the most common cancer type in children than young adult. However, there was no significant difference between two groups regarding thyroid cancer size and multifocality (P = 0.815 and P = 0.370). The risk of recurrent ratio of children to young adults is 3.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38; 10.91). A similar result trend has been shown for sex type, histopathology type, number of nodules, surgical technique, and metastasis parameters (adjusted hazard ratio = 7.91, 95% CI 2.11; 29.67). Conclusions: DTC in children shows more aggressive behavior compared to young adult patients.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum and Bone Marrow Aplasia: A Rare Association
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Sakthisankari , Kumar Prasanna N , Lakshmi S Vidhya , Chaitra V 
Published: March 2018

AbstractXeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypersensitivity to ultraviolet rays and predisposition to cutaneous malignancies. Hematological disorders associated with XP include myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukemia. We report a 7-year-old child with XP along with squamous cell carcinoma and bone marrow aplasia.