bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A moderate oestradiol level enhances neutrophil number and activity in muscle after traumatic injury but strength recovery is accelerated
Authors: Le Gengyun , Novotny Susan A. , Mader Tara L. , Greising Sarah M. , Chan Sunny S. K. , Kyba Michael , Lowe Dawn A. , Warren Gordon L. 
Published: July 2018

Key points
The female hormone oestrogen may protect muscle from injury by reducing inflammation but this is debatable.
In this study, the inflammatory response of injured muscle from oestrogen‐replete mice was comprehensively compared to that from oestrogen‐deficient mice.
We show that oestrogen markedly promotes movement of neutrophils, an inflammatory white blood cell type, into muscle over the first few days after injury but has only a minor effect on the movement of macrophages, another inflammatory cell type.
Despite the enhancement of inflammation by oestrogen in injured muscle, we found strength in oestrogen‐replete mice to recover faster and to a greater extent than it does in oestrogen‐deficient mice.
Our study and others indicate that lower doses of oestrogen, such as that used in our study, may affect muscle inflammation and injury differently from higher doses.
AbstractOestrogen has been shown to protect against skeletal muscle injury and a reduced inflammatory response has been suggested as a possible protective mechanism. There are, however, dissenting reports. Our objective was to conduct an unbiased, comprehensive study of the effect of oestradiol on the inflammatory response following muscle injury. Female C57BL6/J mice were ovariectomized and supplemented with and without oestradiol. Tibialis anterior muscles were freeze injured and studied primarily at 1–4 days post‐injury. Oestradiol supplementation increased injured muscle gene expression of neutrophil chemoattractants (Cxcl1 and Cxcl5) and to a lesser extent that of monocyte/macrophage chemoattractants (Ccl2 and Spp1). Oestradiol markedly increased gene expression of the neutrophil cell surface marker (Ly6g) but had less consistent effects on the monocyte/macrophage cell surface markers (Cd68, Cd163 and Cd206). These results were confirmed at the protein level by immunoblot with oestradiol increasing LY6G/C content and having no significant effect on CD163 content. These findings were confirmed with fluorescence‐activated cell sorting counts of neutrophils and macrophages in injured muscles; oestradiol increased the proportion of CD45+ cells that were neutrophils (LY6G+) but not the proportion that were macrophages (CD68+ or CD206+). Physiological impact of the oestradiol‐enhanced neutrophil response was assessed by strength measurements. There was no significant difference in strength between oestradiol‐supplemented and ‐unsupplemented mice until 2 weeks post‐injury; strength was 13–24% greater in supplemented mice at 2–6 weeks post‐injury. In conclusion, a moderate level of oestradiol supplementation enhances neutrophil infiltration in injured muscle and this is associated with a beneficial effect on strength recovery.
The Effect of Maturation on Performance During Repeated Sprints With Self-Selected Versus Standardized Recovery Intervals in Youth Footballers
Authors: Brownstein Callum G. , Ball Derek , Micklewright Dominic , Gibson Neil V. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to assess performance during repeated sprints utilizing self-selected recovery intervals in youth football (soccer) players at different stages of maturation. Methods: Quota sampling method was used to recruit 14 prepeak height velocity (PHV) and 14 post-PHV participants for the study (N = 28; age = 13 [0.9] y, stature = 162.5 [10.8] cm, mass = 50.2 [12.7] kg). Players performed repeated sprints comprising 10 × 30 m efforts under 2 experimental conditions: using 30-second and self-selected recovery intervals. Magnitude of effects for within- and between-group differences were reported using effect size (ES) statistics ± 90% confidence intervals and percentage differences. Results: The decline in sprint performance was likely lower in the pre-PHV compared with the post-PHV group during the standardized recovery trial (between-group difference = 37%; ES = 0.41 ± 0.51), and likely lower in the post-PHV group during the self-selected recovery trial (between-group difference = 50%; ES = 0.45 ± 0.54). Mean recovery duration was likely shorter in the pre-PHV compared with the post-PHV group during the self-selected recovery trial (between-group difference = 26.1%; ES = 0.47 ± 0.45). Conclusion: This is the first study to show that during repeated sprints with self-selected recovery, pre-PHV children have an impaired ability to accurately interpret physical capabilities in the context of the task compared with post-PHV adolescents.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Senses Intracellular K
+
To Translocate Type III Secretion System 2 Effectors Effectively
Authors: Tandhavanant Sarunporn , Matsuda Shigeaki , Hiyoshi Hirotaka , Iida Tetsuya , Kodama Toshio 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Many Gram-negative bacterial symbionts and pathogens employ a type III secretion system (T3SS) to live in contact with eukaryotic cells. Because T3SSs inject bacterial proteins (effectors) directly into host cells, the switching of secretory substrates between translocators and effectors in response to host cell attachment is a crucial step for the effective delivery of effectors. Here, we show that the protein secretion switch of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
T3SS2, which is a main contributor to the enteropathogenicity of a food poisoning bacterium, is regulated by two gatekeeper proteins, VgpA and VgpB. In the absence of these gatekeepers, effector secretion was activated, but translocator secretion was abolished, causing the loss of virulence. We found that the K
+
concentration, which is high inside the host cell but low outside, is a key factor for VgpA- and VgpB-mediated secretion switching. Exposure of wild-type bacteria to K
+
ions provoked both gatekeeper and effector secretions but reduced the level of secretion of translocators. The secretion protein profile of wild-type bacteria cultured with 0.1 M KCl was similar to that of gatekeeper mutants. Furthermore, depletion of K
+
ions in host cells diminished the efficiency of T3SS2 effector translocation. Thus, T3SS2 senses the high intracellular concentration of K
+
of the host cell so that T3SS2 effectors can be effectively injected.

IMPORTANCE
The pathogenesis of many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens arises from a type III secretion system (T3SS), whereby bacterial proteins (effectors) are directly injected into host cells. The injected effectors then modify host cell functions. For effective delivery of effector proteins, bacteria need to both recognize host cell attachment and switch the type of secreted proteins. Here, we identified gatekeeper proteins that play important roles in a T3SS2 secretion switch of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
, a causative agent of food-borne gastroenteritis. We also found that K
+
, which is present in high concentrations inside the host cell but in low concentrations outside, is a key factor for the secretion switch. Thus,
V. parahaemolyticus
senses the high intracellular K
+
concentration, triggering the effective injection of effectors.
Joint effects of serum vitamin D insufficiency and periodontitis on insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2010
Authors: Zuk Aleksandra M , Quiñonez Carlos R , Saarela Olli , Demmer Ryan T , Rosella Laura C 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivePeriodontitis is strongly associated with diabetes and is increasingly shown to be associated with other glycemic abnormalities. Vitamin D is postulated to have both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the joint effects of both serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with periodontitis on homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsUsing data from the 2009–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the sample was restricted to adults over 30 years of age, who were eligible for oral health examination, and had vitamin D, fasting glucose and insulin measures. The analytic sample includes those with (n=1631) and without (n=1369) type 2 diabetes. Using survey logistic multivariable regression analysis, we examined the following joint effects: (1) vitamin D insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) and moderate to severe periodontitis (VD+PD+); (2) vitamin D insufficiency and mild to no periodontitis (VD+PD−); and (3) vitamin D sufficiency ) (>50 nmol/L) and periodontitis (VD−PD+), and compared these groups with the doubly unexposed reference group (VD−PD−).ResultsConsistently, the joint effects of vitamin D3insufficiency and total vitamin D insufficiency with periodontitis (VD+PD+) were significantly associated with diabetes: OR=2.83 (95% CI 1.34 to 5.96) and OR=1.98 (95% CI 1.04 to 3.76), respectively. However, the joint effects of vitamin D3insufficiency and periodontitis were attenuated for HOMA-IR 4.17: OR=1.57 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.55). Pre-diabetes was not associated with either joint effects.ConclusionIn this cross-sectional, nationally representative sample, the joint effects of vitamin D and periodontitis appear to differ for HOMA-IR, pre-diabetes and diabetes.
Maternal lead exposure and premature rupture of membranes: a birth cohort study in China
Authors: Huang Sha , Xia Wei , Sheng Xia , Qiu Lin , Zhang Bin , Chen Tian , Xu Shunqing , Li Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesMaternal exposure to lead (Pb) has been suggested to correlate with adverse birth outcomes, but evidence supporting an association between Pb exposure and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is limited. The aim of our study was to investigate whether maternal Pb exposure was associated with PROM and preterm PROM.DesignCross-sectional cohort study.Study populationThe present study involved 7290 pregnant women from the Healthy Baby Cohort in Wuhan, China, during 2012–2014.Main outcome measuresPROM was defined as spontaneous rupture of amniotic membranes before the onset of labour and was determined with a pH ≥6.5 for vaginal fluid. Maternal urinary Pb level was adjusted by creatinine concentration, and its relationship with PROM was analysed by logistic regression.ResultsThe IQR of maternal urinary Pb concentrations of the study population was 2.30–5.64 µg/g creatinine with a median of 3.44 µg/g creatinine. Increased risk of PROM was significantly associated with elevated levels of Pb in maternal urine (adjusted OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.47 for the medium tertile; adjusted OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.80 for the highest tertile). The risk of preterm PROM associated with Pb levels was significantly higher when compared with the lowest tertile (adjusted OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.92 for the medium tertile; adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.60 for the highest tertile). In addition, the relationship between Pb and PROM was more pronounced among primiparous women than multiparous women (p for interaction <0.01).ConclusionsOur study found that higher levels of maternal Pb exposure was associated with increased risk of PROM, indicating that exposure to Pb during pregnancy may be an important risk factor for PROM.
Is manager support related to workplace productivity for people with depression: a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey from 15 countries
Authors: Evans-Lacko Sara , Knapp Martin 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo examine variations in manager reactions and support for people with depression and to investigate how these reactions are related to (1) absenteeism and (2) presenteeism due to depression among employees with self-reported depression across 15 diverse countries.DesignSecondary data analysis of cross-sectional survey data.Setting15 countries, diverse in geographical region and gross domestic product (GDP): Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey and the USA.Participants16 018 employees and managers (approximately 1000 per country).Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe assessed level of absenteeism as measured by number of days taken off work because of depression and presenteeism score.ResultsOn average, living in a country with a greater prevalence of managers saying that they avoided talking to the employee about depression was associated with employees with depression taking more days off work (B 4.13, 95% CI 1.68 to 6.57). On average, living in a country with a higher GDP was marginally associated with employees with depression taking more days off of work (p=0.09). On average, living in a country with a greater prevalence of managers actively offering help to employees with depression was associated with higher levels of presenteeism (B 7.08, 95% CI 6.59 to 7.58). Higher country GDP was associated with greater presenteeism among employees with depression (B 3.09, 95% CI 2.31 to 3.88).ConclusionsManager reactions were at least as important as country financial resources. When controlling for country GDP, working in an environment where managers felt comfortable to offer help and support to the employee rather than avoid them was independently associated with less absenteeism and more presenteeism.
Quantifying nursing care delivered in Kenyan newborn units: protocol for a cross-sectional direct observational study
Authors: Gathara David , Serem George , Murphy Georgina A V , Abuya Nancy , Kuria Rose , Tallam Edna , English Mike 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionIn many African countries, including Kenya, a major barrier to achieving child survival goals is the slow decline in neonatal mortality that now represents 45% of the under-5 mortality. In newborn care, nurses are the primary caregivers in newborn settings and are essential in the delivery of safe and effective care. However, due to high patient workloads and limited resources, nurses may often consciously or unconsciously prioritise the care they provide resulting in some tasks being left undone or partially done (missed care). Missed care has been associated with poor patient outcomes in high-income countries. However, missed care, examined by direct observation, has not previously been the subject of research in low/middle-income countries.Methods and analysisThe aim of this study is to quantify essential neonatal nursing care provided to newborns within newborn units. We will undertake a cross-sectional study using direct observational methods within newborn units in six health facilities in Nairobi City County across the public, private-for-profit and private-not-for-profit sectors. A total of 216 newborns will be observed between 1 September 2017 and 30 May 2018. Stratified random sampling will be used to select random 12-hour observation periods while purposive sampling will be used to identify newborns for direct observation. We will report the overall prevalence of care left undone, the common tasks that are left undone and describe any sharing of tasks with people not formally qualified to provide care.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been granted by the Kenya Medical Research Institute Scientific and Ethics Review Unit. Written informed consent will be sought from mothers and nurses. Findings from this work will be shared with the participating hospitals, an expert advisory group that comprises members involved in policy-making and more widely to the international community through conferences and peer-reviewed journals.
Tools to assess the measurement properties of quality of life instruments: a meta-review protocol
Authors: Lorente Sonia , Vives Jaume , Viladrich Carme , Losilla Josep-Maria 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionUsing specific tools to assess the measurement properties of health status instruments is recommended both to standardise the review process and to improve the methodological quality of systematic reviews. However, depending on the measurement standards on which these tools are developed, the approach to appraise the measurement properties of instruments may vary. For this reason, the present meta-review aims to: (1) identify systematic reviews assessing the measurement properties of instruments evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQoL); (2) identify the tools applied to assess the measurement properties of HRQoL instruments; (3) describe the characteristics of the tools applied to assess the measurement properties of HRQoL instruments; (4) identify the measurement standards on which these tools were developed or conform to and (5) compare the similarities and differences among the identified measurement standards.Methods and analysisA systematic review will be conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols Guidelines. Electronic search will be carried out on bibliographic databases, including PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Psychological Information, SCOPUS, Web of Science, COSMIN database and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, being limited by time (2008–2018) and language (English). Descriptive analyses of different aspects of tools applied to evaluate the measurement properties of HRQoL instruments will be presented; the different measurement standards will be described and some recommendations about the methodological and research applications will be made.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not necessary for systematic review protocols. The results will be disseminated by its publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017065232
Treatment of ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms in the USA: a paradigm shift
Authors: Lin Ning , Cahill Kevin S , Frerichs Kai U , Friedlander Robert M , Claus Elizabeth B 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundIntegration of data from clinical trials and advancements in technology predict a change in selection for treatment of patients with cerebral aneurysm.ObjectiveTo describe patterns of use and in-hospital mortality associated with surgical and endovascular treatments of cerebral aneurysms over the past decade.Materials and methodsThe data are 34 899 hospital discharges with a diagnosis of ruptured or unruptured cerebral aneurysm from 1998 to 2007 identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). The rates of endovascular coiling and surgical clipping and in-hospital mortality among patients with an aneurysm are examined over a decade by hospital and patient demographic characteristics.ResultsFrom 1998 to 2007, 20 134 discharges with a ruptured aneurysm and 14 765 discharges with an unruptured aneurysm were identified. Over this decade, the number of patients discharged with a ruptured aneurysm was stable while the number discharged with an unruptured aneurysm increased significantly. The use of endovascular coiling increased at least twofold for both groups of patient (p<0.001) with the majority of unruptured aneurysms treated with coiling by 2007. Although whites were more likely than non-whites to undergo coiling versus clipping for a ruptured aneurysm (OR=1.30; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.48) and men with unruptured aneurysms were more likely than women to undergo coiling (OR=1.26; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.40), by 2007 differences in treatment selection by gender and racial subgroups were decreased or statistically non-significant. Over time the use of coiling spread from primarily large, teaching hospitals to smaller, non-teaching hospitals.ConclusionsThe majority of unruptured aneurysms in the USA are now treated with endovascular coiling. Although surgical clipping is used for treatment of most ruptured aneurysms, its use is decreasing over time. Dissemination of endovascular procedures appears widespread across patient and hospital subgroups.
Analysis of Article 6 (tax and price measures to reduce the demand for tobacco products) of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Authors: van Walbeek Corne , Filby Samantha 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo analyse the extent to which parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) have implemented Article 6 since the convention’s entry into force.MethodsCompliance was measured using nine indicators, derived from the 2016 version of the FCTC’s reporting instrument’s core questionnaire, and the WHO’s MPOWER cigarette affordability measure. Data were collected from WHO country profiles, and the 12 country mission reports by the Impact Assessment Expert Group.ResultsThe number of parties reporting any type of excise tax increased from 87% (134/154) in 2008 to 92% (160/174) in 2016. Specific excise tax systems were implemented by 36% (63/174) of FCTC ratifying countries in 2016, up from 32% (49/154) in 2008. The proportion of parties with mixed tax structures has increased from 25% (39/154) in 2008 to 32% (56/174) in 2016. The proportion of parties that levy the tax as a fully ad valorem tax has decreased from 29% (45/154) in 2008 to 24% (42/174) in 2016. Cigarettes have become less affordable in 46% (78/168), more affordable in 13% (21/168) and unchanged in terms of affordability in 41% (69/168) of parties between 2008 and 2016. The number of parties that earmark tobacco tax revenues for public health increased from 13 in 2008 to 30 in 2016. Many finance ministries are hesitant to increase the excise tax, mainly due to illicit trade concerns.ConclusionWhile there has been some improvement in tobacco tax policy over time, parties should adopt stronger tax measures, despite industry opposition and threats about illicit trade. Parties should implement FCTC Article 5.3 and ratify the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products.
Structural evolution, metamorphism and melting in the Greater Himalayan Sequence in central-western Nepal
Authors: Carosi Rodolfo , Montomoli Chiara , Iaccarino Salvatore , Visonà Dario 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Joining geological mapping, structural analysis, petrology and geochronology allowed the internal architecture of the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) to be unraveled. Several top-to-the-south/SW tectonic–metamorphic discontinuities developed at the regional scale, dividing it into three main units exhumed progressively from the upper to the lower one, starting from
c.
40 Ma and lasting for several million years. The activity of shear zones has been constrained and linked to the pressure–temperature–time–deformation (
P
–
T
–
t
–
D
) evolution of the deformed rocks by the use of petrochronology. Hanging wall and footwall rocks of the shear zones recorded maximum
P
–
T
conditions at different times. Above the Main Central Thrust, a cryptic tectonometamorphic discontinuity (the High Himalayan Discontinuity (HHD)) has been recognized in Central-Eastern Himalaya.

The older shear zone, that was active at
c.
41–28 Ma, triggered the earlier exhumation of the uppermost GHS and allowed the migration of melt, which was produced at peak metamorphic conditions and subsequently produced in abundance at the time of the activation of the HHD. Production of melt continued at low pressure, with nearly isobaric heating leading to the genesis and emplacement of andalusite- and cordierite-bearing granites.

The timing of the activation of the shear zones from deeper to upper structural levels fits with an in-sequence shearing tectonic model for the exhumation of the GHS, further affected by out-of-sequence thrusts.
Next-Generation Sequencing and Eating of the Tree of Knowledge
Authors: Pollyea Daniel A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis is common, and the large-scale sequencing of patients’ tumors in the clinical setting is becoming very common. The incidence of falsely reporting clonal hematopoiesis as tumor associated in patients with solid tumors is a concern, as it may lead to unintended consequences.
See related article by Coombs et al., p. 5918