bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of an outbreak caused by antibiotic‐susceptible Klebsiella oxytoca in a neonatal intensive care unit in Norway
Authors: Rønning Torunn Gresdal , Aas Christina Gabrielsen , Støen Ragnhild , Bergh Kåre , Afset Jan Egil , Holte Mari Sagli , Radtke Andreas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimKlebsiella spp. have been stated to be the most frequent cause of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) outbreaks. We report an outbreak of Klebsiella oxytoca in a NICU at a tertiary care hospital in Norway between April 2016 and April 2017. This study describes the outbreak, infection control measures undertaken and the molecular methods developed.MethodsThe outbreak prompted detailed epidemiological and microbial investigations, where whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) was particularly useful for both genotyping and development of two new K. oxytoca‐specific real‐time PCR assays. Routine screening of patients, as well as sampling from numerous environmental sites, was performed during the outbreak. A bundle of infection control measures was instigated to control the outbreak, among them strict cohort isolation.ResultsFive neonates had symptomatic infection, and 17 were found to be asymptomatically colonised. Infections varied in severity from conjunctivitis to a fatal case of pneumonia. A source of the outbreak could not be determined.ConclusionThis report describes K. oxytoca as a significant pathogen in a NICU outbreak setting and highlights the importance of developing appropriate microbiological screening methods and implementing strict infection control measures to control the outbreak in a setting where the source could not be identified.
Validation of the diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis in a Swedish population‐based observational study
Authors: Challis Pontus , Larsson Linn , Stoltz Sjöström Elisabeth , Serenius Fredrik , Domellöf Magnus , Elfvin Anders 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThe definition of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is based on clinical and radiological signs that can be difficult to interpret. The aim of the present study was to validate the incidence of NEC in the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS)MethodsThe EXPRESS study consisted of all 707 infants born before 27 + 0 gestational weeks during the years 2004–2007 in Sweden. Of these infants, 38 were recorded as having NEC of Bell stage II or higher. Hospital records were obtained for these infants. Furthermore, to identify missed cases, all infants with a sudden reduction of enteral nutrition, in the EXPRESS study were identified (n = 71). Hospital records for these infants were obtained. Thus, 108 hospital records were obtained and scored independently by two neonatologists for NEC.ResultsOf 38 NEC cases in the EXPRESS study, 26 were classified as NEC after validation. Four cases not recorded in the EXPRESS study were found. The incidence of NEC decreased from 6.3% to 4.3%.ConclusionValidation of the incidence of NEC revealed over‐ and underestimation of NEC in the EXPRESS study despite carefully collected data. Similar problems may occur in other national data sets or quality registers.
Inpatient toxicology services improve resource utilization for intoxicated patients: a systematic review
Authors: Legg Robert G. , Little Mark 
Published: September 2018

AimsPresentations of intoxicated patients to hospital are frequent and increasing. We aimed to review the existing evidence that the presence of inpatient clinical toxicology services reduces use of resources without impacting on the care of these patients.MethodsWe conducted a literature search using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase for articles that measured length of stay (and other outcomes) for the target population, with toxicology services as an intervention. The articles were reviewed with respect to the ROBINS‐I tool.ResultsSeven relevant articles were identified. Six of these studies demonstrated reduced hospital length of stay for intoxicated patients in hospitals with inpatient toxicology services. None of the articles demonstrated a detriment in morbidity or mortality. There were also improvements in other resource‐related outcomes.ConclusionsThe presence of inpatient toxicology services appears to improve resource utilization, in reduction of length of stay, as well as a number of other related outcomes. It does this without compromising on patient morbidity or mortality. Thus, it should be considered as a potential model of care for future toxicology services, especially with current trends of increasing demand for service efficiency.
The role of protein disulphide isomerase AGR2 in the tumour niche
Authors: Delom Frederic , Nazaraliyev Amal , Fessart Delphine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn recent years, the discovery of ‘tumour niche’, a microenvironment that favours tumour development has changed our perspective of cancer. This microenvironment generated by the tumour cells itself and surrounding cells is capable of providing essential elements for its growth. Consequently, the homoeostasis of the secretory pathway (SP) has become an essential player in cancer development. The SP not only promotes cellular adaptation to protein misfolding due to oncogenic transformation or challenging tumour niche but also allows tumour cells to produce specific secretomes. This impacts tumour cells in cis‐ or trans‐ as well as stromal cells in the tumour niche. In this context, the Anterior GRadient 2 (AGR2) protein has been identified as a key player. AGR2 is a protein disulphide isomerase that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mediates the formation of disulphide bonds, catalyses the cysteine‐based redox reactions and assists the quality control of proteins. AGR2 not only plays an essential role in the homoeostasis of the SP but also exerts pro‐oncogenic gain‐of‐function due to its reported mislocalisation in the tumour niche microenvironment. In this review, we summarise the dual role of AGR2, inside and outside the ER, on the tumour niche and its microenvironment.
Holocene vegetation dynamics and hydrological variability in forested peatlands of the Clay Belt, eastern Canada, reconstructed using a palaeoecological approach
Authors: Magnan Gabriel , Le Stum‐Boivin Éloise , Garneau Michelle , Grondin Pierre , Fenton Nicole , Bergeron Yves 
Published: September 2018

Forested peatlands are widespread in boreal regions of Canada, and these ecosystems, which are major terrestrial carbon sinks, are undergoing significant transformations linked to climate change, fires and human activities. This study targets millennial‐scale vegetation dynamics and related hydrological variability in forested peatlands of the Clay Belt south of James Bay, eastern Canada, using palaeoecological data. Changes in peatland vegetation communities were reconstructed using plant macrofossil analyses, and variations in water‐table depths were inferred using testate amoeba analyses. High‐resolution analyses of macroscopic charcoal >0.5 mm were used to reconstruct local fire history. Our data showed two successional pathways towards the development of present‐day forested peatlands influenced by autogenic processes such as vertical peat growth and related drying, and allogenic factors such as the occurrence of local fires. The oldest documented peatland initiated in a wet rich fen around 8000 cal. aBPshortly after land emergence and transformed into a drier forested bog rapidly after peat inception that persisted over millennia. In the second site, peat started to accumulate from ~5200 cal. aBPover a mesic coniferous forest that shifted into a wet forested peatland following a fire that partially consumed the organic layer ~4600 cal. aBP. The charcoal records show that fires rarely occurred in these peatlands, but they have favoured the process of forest paludification and influenced successional trajectories over millennia. The macrofossil data suggest thatPicea mariana(black spruce) persisted on the peatlands throughout their development, although there were periods of more open canopy due to local fires in some cases. This study brings new understanding on the natural variability of boreal forested peatlands which may help predict their response to future changes in climate, fire regimes and anthropogenic disturbances.
Parent–Infant Room Sharing During the First Months of Life: Longitudinal Links With Behavior During Middle Childhood
Authors: Beijers Roseriet , Cassidy Jude , Lustermans Hellen , de Weerth Carolina 
Published: September 2018

Current recommendations encourage parent–infant room sharing for the first 6 months of life. This longitudinal study (N = 193) is the first to examine long‐term relations of early room sharing with three domains of child behavior: sleep, behavior problems, and prosocial behavior. Information on room sharing was collected daily for infants’ first 6 months. At ages 6, 7, and 8 years, outcomes were assessed with maternal and teacher questionnaires and behavioral observations. Early room sharing was not related to sleep problems or behavior problems. Additionally, more weeks of room sharing were positively related to higher maternal ratings of child sleep quality and more prosocial behavior. In conclusion, early room sharing appears to be related to positive, but not negative, behavior outcomes in middle childhood.
Shading‐Based Surface Recovery Using Subdivision‐Based Representation
Authors: Deng Teng , Zheng Jianmin , Cai Jianfei , Cham Tat‐Jen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper presents subdivision‐based representations for both lighting and geometry in shape‐from‐shading. A very recent shading‐based method introduced a per‐vertex overall illumination model for surface reconstruction, which has advantage of conveniently handling complicated lighting condition and avoiding explicit estimation of visibility and varied albedo. However, due to its discrete nature, the per‐vertex overall illumination requires a large amount of memory and lacks intrinsic coherence. To overcome these problems, in this paper we propose to use classic subdivision to define the basic smooth lighting function and surface, and introduce additional independent variables into the subdivision to adaptively model sharp changes of illumination and geometry. Compared to previous works, the new model not only preserves the merits of the per‐vertex illumination model, but also greatly reduces the number of variables required in surface recovery and intrinsically regularizes the illumination vectors and the surface. These features make the new model very suitable for multi‐view stereo surface reconstruction under general, unknown illumination condition. Particularly, a variational surface reconstruction method built upon the subdivision representations for lighting and geometry is developed. The experiments on both synthetic and real‐world data sets have demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve memory efficiency and improve surface detail recovery.
Cell block is a valuable adjunct to conventional smear for thyroid fine needle aspiration: 2395 cases with histological correlation
Authors: Jiang Ke , Zhou Junyi , Lei Jianyong , Liu Ying , Li Jinnan , Su Xueying , Li Zhihui , Wei Tao , Jiang Yong , Zhu Jingqiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsConventional smears (CS) of samples obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA) have proven useful in thyroid nodules evaluation, but the additional contribution of cell block (CB) has only been investigated in a limited fashion. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the auxiliary application of CB adds to the diagnostic accuracy of the CS by a College of American Pathologists‐accredited hospital laboratory.MethodsAll thyroid FNA samples processed with CS only or combined CB and CS in West China Hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 were retrospectively collected. All specimens were classified according to Bethesda System, and the distribution of Bethesda (2009) categories was compared between CS and combined CS and CB. Further, we compared the diagnostic performance between these two groups for nodules with follow‐up histopathology.ResultsA total of 11 011 thyroid nodules from 10 206 patients were included. Of these, 2395 nodules from 2211 patients underwent surgical resection. The unsatisfactory rate decreased significantly from 18.1% to 9.8% in the total group and from 1.7% to 0.8% in the group with surgery after combined use of CS and CB. The proportion of atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance also declined slightly. Furthermore, all of the sensitivities, specificities, accuracies and positive predictive values increased significantly after the combined use of CS and CB for different calculation methods.ConclusionsCombined use of CS and CB can significantly decrease the unsatisfactory rate of thyroid FNAs, improve the diagnostic efficacy, and thus should be routinely applied in thyroid nodule evaluation if available.
Nuclear transglutaminase 2 directly regulates expression of cathepsin S in rat cortical neurons
Authors: Ji Changyi , Tang Maoping , Harrison Jarreau , Paciorkowski Alex , Johnson Gail V. W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTransglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a protein that modulates neuronal survival processes. Although TG2 is primarily cytosolic, data have suggested the nuclear localization of TG2 is strongly associated with neuronal viability. Depletion of TG2 in neurons results in neurite retraction and loss of viability, which is likely due to a dysregulation in gene expression. To begin to understand how TG2 regulates neuronal gene expression, chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed in neurons with TG2 overexpression. The resulting genomic DNA was recovered and sequenced. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that a signature DNA motif was enriched in the TG2 immunoprecipitated genomic DNA. In particular, this motif strongly mapped to a region proximate to the gene Ctss (cathepsin S). Knockdown of TG2 resulted in a significant increase in cathepsin S expression, which preceded the loss of neuronal viability. This is the first demonstration that TG2 directly associates with genomic DNA and regulates gene expression in neurons. Given that expression of cathepsin S is increased in neurological disease states, our data suggest that TG2 may play a role in promoting neuron health in part by repressing the expression of cathepsin S. Overall these data provide new insights into the function of nuclear TG2 in neurons.
Spatial autocorrelation inflates niche breadth–range size relationships
Authors: Moore Timothy E. , Bagchi Robert , Aiello‐Lammens Matthew E. , Schlichting Carl D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimSpecies with broader environmental tolerances are expected to be more widely distributed than specialist species, implying a positive correlation between niche breadth and geographic range size. When this relationship is evaluated using data derived from broad‐scale geographic distributions of species, spatial autocorrelation of species distribution data and environments may inflate niche breadth–range size relationships, bringing into question the causal relationship between environmental tolerance and range size. Using null models, we quantify the contribution of spatial autocorrelation to the frequently reported relationship between species’ range size and niche breadth.LocationSouth Africa.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedEighty species in the genus Pelargonium.MethodsUsing phylogenetic least squares regression, we examined the extent to which variation in range size of Pelargonium species is related to temperature and precipitation niche breadths. We developed null models that randomized the spatial distribution of the climatic variables, but retained their broad spatial autocorrelation structure. We tested whether observed niche breadth–range size relationships were stronger than expected, given spatial autocorrelation of climatic variables.ResultsWe found the expected positive relationships between measures of niche breadth and range size, but these were no stronger than expected based on our spatial null models. Including spatial structure in simulations reduced expected niche breadths compared to simulations based on fully randomized environmental variables, resulting in steeper slopes for the simulated niche breadth–range size relationships.Main conclusionOur results indicate that spatial autocorrelation may positively bias niche breadth–range size relationships. This bias suggests that previously reported relationships between range size and niche breadth based on broad‐scale distributional data may be, at least in part, artefactual. Future studies need to explicitly account for spatial autocorrelation, and inferences on the role of environmental tolerance in driving patterns of species range size variation should be derived in conjunction with laboratory and field‐based experiments.
Constructing the Apparent Geological Model by Fusing Surface Resistivity Survey and Borehole Records
Authors: Tsai Jui‐Pin , Chang Ping‐Yu , Yeh Tian‐Chyi J. , Chang Liang‐Cheng , Hsiao Chin‐Tsai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe constructed an apparent geological model with resistivity data from surface resistivity surveys. We developed a data fusion approach by integrating dense electrical resistivity measurements collected with Schlumberger arrays and wellbore logs. This approach includes an optimization algorithm and a geostatistic interpolation method. We first generated an apparent formation factor model from the surface resistivity measurements and groundwater resistivity records with an inverse distance method. We then converted the model into a geology model with the optimized judgment criteria from the algorithms relating the apparent formation factors to the borehole geology. We also employed a non‐parametric bootstrap method to analyze the uncertainty of the predicted sediment types, and the predictive uncertainties of clay, gravel, and sand were less than 5%. Overall, our model is capable of capturing the spatial features of the sediment types. More importantly, this approach can be arranged in a self‐updated sequence to enable adjustments to the model to accommodate newly collected core records or geophysical data. This approach yields a more detailed apparent geological model for use in future groundwater simulations, which is of benefit to multi‐discipline studies.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Report on 4 Cases and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Zhang Dan , Wang Jin , Zhang Qiaowei , He Feifang , Hu Xingyue 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveSpontaneous intracranial hypotension is a risk factor for cerebral venous thrombosis. The occurrence of cerebral venous thrombosis in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension raises difficult practical questions regarding the management of the 2 conditions. We reviewed our experience and the relevant literature to evaluate these related questions.MethodsWe retrospectively studied the medical records and imaging studies of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension at a tertiary center from January 2007 through January 2017. The main search strategy was a literature review of journal articles in PubMed (1966 to January 2017).ResultsAmong 374 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension, 4 were also diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis. A literature review yielded an additional 31 cases, including 21 men and 14 women with a mean age of 40.6 years. Of the 35 patients, 8 (22.8%) patients received anticoagulation therapy and epidural blood patch. Nineteen (54.3%) patients were given anticoagulant only. Seven (20%) patients were treated with epidural blood patch only. One (2.9%) patient did not receive epidural blood patch or anticoagulation therapy. There is no difference in terms of age, sex, diagnosis interval, association with other complications, and prognosis between the first 3 groups. Of the 19 patients who received anticoagulation therapy, 4 patients (21.1%) had intracranial hemorrhage or hematoma enlargement after anticoagulation, and one of these 4 patients died following further intracranial hemorrhage. Of the 8 patients who received both anticoagulation and epidural blood patch, 1 patient (12.5%, P = 0.528) developed subdural hematoma after anticoagulation. Of the 5 cases had intracranial hemorrhage aggravation after anticoagulation, 4 were subdural hematoma occurrence or enlargement.ConclusionCerebral venous thrombosis is a rare but important complication of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. The primary focus of treatment should be the treatment of intracranial hypotension. It could be possible that anticoagulation might increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension, although a firm conclusion could not be drawn based on the limited number of patients currently available. The use of anticoagulation therapy should be prudent and should be monitored carefully if initiated.
EXTREME EVENTS AND OPTIMAL MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Kim Jinill , Ruge‐Murcia Francisco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article studies the implication of extreme shocks for monetary policy. The analysis is based on a small‐scale New Keynesian model with sticky prices and wages where shocks are drawn from asymmetric generalized extreme value distributions. A nonlinear perturbation solution of the model is estimated by the simulated method of moments. Under the Ramsey policy, the central bank responds nonlinearly and asymmetrically to shocks. The trade‐off between targeting a gross inflation rate above 1 as insurance against extreme shocks and targeting an average gross inflation at unity to avoid adjustment costs is unambiguously decided in favor of strict price stability.
Gardner‐Diamond syndrome: a systematic review of treatment options for a rare psychodermatological disorder
Authors: Block Megan E. , Sitenga Jenna L. , Lehrer Michael , Silberstein Peter T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGardner‐Diamond syndrome (GDS) is a rare psychodermatological condition characterized by the formation of spontaneous, painful skin lesions that develop into ecchymosis following episodes of severe physiological or psychological stress. The majority of GDS cases occur in young adult females, and although the etiology of this rare disorder is unknown, there appears to be a psychological component correlated with the coexistence of previous psychiatric diagnoses. Due to the rare nature of this disorder, there exist few guidelines for prompt clinical diagnosis and optimal treatment. Here, a systematic review was conducted to include 45 cases of patients with GDS to better understand clinical presentation as well as current treatment options. Ultimately, GDS is a diagnosis of exclusion after other coagulopathies and causes of purpura are ruled out. High clinical suspicion following laboratory and clinical exclusion of known physiological causes is necessary for diagnosis. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and corticosteroids are cost effective first line treatments for GDS with proven efficacy in symptomatic relief. GDS refractory to initial treatment may require regular psychotherapy and titrated SSRI dosages to achieve long‐term success. This review of available case studies serves to comprehensively describe the clinical presentation and available treatment approaches to this rare psychodermatological disorder.