bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editing entomology: natural-history periodicals and the shaping of scientific communities in nineteenth-century Britain
Authors: WALE MATTHEW 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article addresses the issue of professionalization in the life sciences during the second half of the nineteenth century through a survey of British entomological periodicals. It is generally accepted that this period saw the rise of professional practitioners and the emergence of biology (as opposed to the older mode of natural history). However, recent scholarship has increasingly shown that this narrative elides the more complex processes at work in shaping scientific communities from the 1850s to the turn of the century. This article adds to such scholarship by examining the ways in which the editors of four entomological periodicals from across this time frame attempted to shape the communities of their readership, and in particular focuses upon the apparent divide between ‘mere collectors’ and ‘entomologists’ as expressed within these journals. Crucially, the article argues that non-professional practitioners were active in defining their own distinct identities and thereby claiming scientific authority. Alongside the periodicals, the article makes use of the correspondence archive of the entomologist and periodical editor Henry Tibbats Stainton (1822–1892), which has hitherto not been subject to sustained analysis by historians.
A Manuscript of Ovid's Heroides
Authors: Owen S. G. 
Published: April 2019

In spite of the labours of Sedlmayer,1 Ehwald2 and Palmer,3 it cannot be said that there exists a completely satisfactory edition of Ovid's Heroides. One or all of these editors sometimes leave a corrupted text, sometimes adhere too closely to a manuscript reading, and sometimes introduce untenable emendations. A new edition is called for, with revised collati
ons of the known manuscripts, and an augmented apparatus criticus, exhibiting the large class of what I may term the ‘Vulgate’ manuscripts, which represents a tradition different from, and probably later than that of our chief authority, the excellent but unfortunately incomplete eleventh-century Parisinus (P), which, like all primary manuscripts of this type, contains many readings or corruptions which should not on account of its mere authority be accepted slavishly. Light is often thrown on the text from less important sources, and the truth may be recovered from manuscripts of the ‘Vulgate’ family, where our better authority fails. In this connexion the study of my own manuscript (O) has led me to some conclusions in certain passages which I venture to set forth as suggestions towards an improved constitution of the text of the Heroides. Though it is clear from the preceding investigation into its nature that O is no primary manuscript, but belongs rather to that large class which has passed through various stages of reproduction involving alterations (as is natural in the case of so popular an author as Ovid) due either to carelessness of copyists or, more rarely, to deliberate alteration, it presents at the same time a phenomenon not unusual with such manuscripts, inasmuch as it often supports the best tradition, and in some cases preserves a reading which yields the truth, or from which the truth can be elucidated. I have used the following symbols:P = Parisinus 8242 s. xi.E = Etonensis s. xi.G = Gueferbytanus s. xii.V = Schedae Vindobonenses s xii.O = my manuscript s. xiv.D = Dresdensis s. xiii.ω = all or the majonly of the ‘Vulgate’ manuscripts.ζ = some of these manuscripts.
ON THE ARITHMETIC OF MORI MONOIDS AND DOMAINS
Authors: ZHONG QINGHAI 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLet R be a Mori domain with complete integral closure
$\widehat R$, nonzero conductor
$\mathfrak f = (R: \widehat R)$, and suppose that both v-class groups
${{\cal C}_v}(R)$ and
${{\cal C}_v}(3\widehat R)$ are finite. If
$R \mathfrak f$ is finite, then the elasticity of R is either rational or infinite. If
$R \mathfrak f$ is artinian, then unions of sets of lengths of R are almost arithmetical progressions with the same difference and global bound. We derive our results in the setting of v-noetherian monoids.
The Red Cross and Non-International Conflicts
Authors: Veuthey Michel 
Published: April 2019

Whilst from the outset the Red Cross was founded essentially to help the victims of conflicts between States, and the various Geneva Conventions since 1863 were relevant to conflicts of that kind, it must be recognized that internal conflicts have given rise to hundreds of thousands of victims who, all too often, could not effectively be helped due to legal or political barriers to Red Cross action.The Red Cross could not be true to its mission and at the same time indifferent to the plight of victims of such conflicts, the horror and ferocity of which frequently exceeded those of the usual international wars.
A Late Maoist Industrial Revolution? Economic Growth in Jiangsu Province (1966–1978)
Authors: Bramall Chris 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccording to the conventional wisdom, the promise of the Chinese revolution of 1949 went unfulfilled in the Maoist era. Instead of taking off, the economy grew slowly, and widespread rural poverty persisted. The economic turning point was instead the famous political climacteric of 1976–78. But this metric of aggregates is the wrong criterion by which to judge China's economic record because industrial revolutions have regional beginnings. They invariably take place against a backcloth of slow aggregate growth and stagnant material living standards. Accordingly, we should dwell neither on China's slow overall growth nor its widespread poverty before 1978 but look instead for evidence of an emerging regional growth pole. This article argues that Jiangsu was such a growth pole in the late Maoist era, and that its record bears comparison with that of Lancashire and Yorkshire during the early years of Britain's industrial revolution. This holds out the intriguing possibility that a Chinese economic take-off, diffusing out of the Yangtze Delta, would have occurred even without post-1978 policy changes.
Abstract machines, optimal reduction, and streams
Authors: Lai Anna Chiara , Pedicini Marco , Piazza Mario 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and explore a new approach to abstract machines and optimal reduction via streams, infinite sequences of elements. We first define a sequential abstract machine capable of performing directed virtual reduction (DVR) and then we extend it to its parallel version, whose equivalence is explained through the properties of DVR itself. The result is a formal definition of the λ-calculus interpreter called Parallel Environment for Lambda Calculus Reduction (PELCR), a software for λ-calculus reduction based on the Geometry of Interaction. In particular, we describe PELCR as a stream-processing abstract machine, which in principle can also be applied to infinite streams.
WEIGHTED WEAK TYPE ENDPOINT ESTIMATES FOR THE COMPOSITIONS OF CALDERÓN–ZYGMUND OPERATORS
Authors: HU GUOEN 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLet $T_{1}$, $T_{2}$ be two Calderón–Zygmund operators and $T_{1,b}$ be the commutator of $T_{1}$ with symbol $b\in \text{BMO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. In this paper, by establishing new bilinear sparse dominations and a new weighted estimate for bilinear sparse operators, we prove that the composite operator $T_{1}T_{2}$ satisfies the following estimate: for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}>0$ and weight $w\in A_{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, $$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle & & \displaystyle w(\{x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}:\,|T_{1}T_{2}f(x)|>\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\})\nonumber\\ \displaystyle & & \displaystyle \qquad \lesssim [w]_{A_{1}}[w]_{A_{\infty }}\log (\text{e}+[w]_{A_{\infty }})\int _{\mathbb{R}^{n}}\frac{|f(x)|}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\log \bigg(\text{e}+\frac{|f(x)|}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\bigg)w(x)\,dx,\nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$ while the composite operator $T_{1,b}T_{2}$ satisfies $$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle & & \displaystyle w(\{x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}:\,|T_{1,b}T_{2}f(x)|>\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\})\nonumber\\ \displaystyle & & \displaystyle \qquad \lesssim [w]_{A_{1}}[w]_{A_{\infty }}^{2}\log (\text{e}+[w]_{A_{\infty }})\int _{\mathbb{R}^{n}}\frac{|f(x)|}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\log ^{2}\bigg(\text{e}+\frac{|f(x)|}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\bigg)w(x)\,dx.\nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$
The Personal is Political: Gendered Morality in Indonesia's Halal Consumerism
Authors: Rakhmani Inaya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecent scholarship on the shift to the right in Asian democracies has predominantly been focused on political organisations, leaving social movements outside of them largely understudied. This article brings forth the link between the rise of right-wing politics in Indonesia—often associated with Islamic populist narratives—and the role of the market. It studies the way halal consumerism has helped shape the narrative of the ummah, an idea that was mobilised during the largest religiously-driven demonstration in the capital city Jakarta on 2 December 2016. By explicating the melding of Islamic piety and consumerism, this study illustrates how halal consumerism aid middle-class Muslims in navigating the neo-liberal social world they live in. The article uses survey data to explore the social status and religious views of participants in the mass rally, and delves deeper through interviews with urban, middle-class female Muslims who envision a cross-class ummah that defends Islam against an imagined oppressor. This paper discusses their role in social process related to politico-religious conservatism, specifically in defending the ideal marriage and family through market mechanisms. Through this analysis, I find that the combination of Islamic morality and neo-liberal values politicises the domestic and traditional role of the female Muslim; this has contributed to social changes that hinder democratic developments.
Effects of Maternal Flaxseed Supplementation on Female Offspring of Diabetic Rats in Serum Concentration of Glucose, Insulin, and Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Suzuki Akemi , Correia-Santos André Manoel , Vicente Gabriela Câmara , Velarde Luiz Guillermo Coca , Boaventura Gilson Teles 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal consumption of flaxseed flour and oil on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones of the adult female offspring of diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by a high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Rats were mated and once pregnancy was confirmed, were divided into the following groups: Control Group (CG): casein-based diet; High-fat Group (HG): high-fat diet (49%); High-fat Flaxseed Group (HFG): high-fat diet supplemented with 25% flaxseed flour; High-fat Flaxseed Oil group (HOG): high-fat diet, where soya oil was replaced with flaxseed oil. After weaning, female pups (n = 6) from each group were separated, received a commercial rat diet and were sacrificed after 180 days. Serum insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by chemiluminescence. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight at weaning in HG (−31%), HFG (−33%) and HOG (44%) compared to CG (p = 0.002), which became similar by the end of 180 days. Blood glucose levels were reduced in HFG (−10%, p = 0.044) when compared to CG, and there was no significant difference between groups in relation to insulin, T3, T4, and TSH after 180 days. Conclusions: Maternal severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a microsomal offspring. Maternal consumption of flaxseed reduces blood glucose levels in adult offspring without significant effects on insulin levels and thyroid hormones.
Seasonal Depletion of the Dissolved Iron Reservoirs in the Sub‐Antarctic Zone of the Southern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Mtshali T. N. , van Horsten N. R. , Thomalla S. J. , Ryan‐Keogh T. J. , Nicholson S.‐A. , Roychoudhury A. N. , Bucciarelli E. , Sarthou G. , Tagliabue A. , Monteiro P. M. S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSeasonal progression of dissolved iron (DFe) concentrations in the upper water column was examined during four occupations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. DFe inventories from euphotic and aphotic reservoirs decreased progressively from July to February, while dissolved inorganic nitrogen decreased from July to January with no significant change between January and February. Results suggest that between July and January, DFe loss from both euphotic and aphotic reservoirs was predominantly in support of phytoplankton growth (iron‐to‐carbon uptake ratio of 16 ± 3 μmol/mol), highlighting the importance of the “winter DFe reservoir” for biological uptake. During January to February, excess loss of DFe relative to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (iron‐to‐carbon uptake ratio of 44 ± 8 μmol/mol and aphotic DFe loss rate of 0.34 ± 0.06 μmol·m−2·day−1) suggests that scavenging is the dominant removal mechanism of DFe from the aphotic, while continued production is likely supported by recycled nutrients.
Assessing Landscape Dust Emission Potential Using Combined Ground‐Based Measurements and Remote Sensing Data
Authors: von Holdt J. R. C. , Eckardt F. D. , Baddock M. C. , Wiggs G. F. S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractModeled estimates of eolian dust emission can vary by an order of magnitude due to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of emissions. To better constrain location and magnitude of emissions, a surface erodibility factor is typically employed in models. Several landscape‐scale schemes representing surface dust emission potential for use in models have recently been proposed, but validation of such schemes has only been attempted indirectly with medium‐resolution remote sensing of mineral aerosol loadings and high‐resolution land surface mapping. In this study, we used dust emission source points identified in Namibia with Landsat imagery together with field‐based dust emission measurements using a Portable In‐situ Wind Erosion Laboratory wind tunnel to assess the performance of schemes aiming to represent erodibility in global dust cycle modeling. From analyses of the surface and samples taken at the time of wind tunnel testing, a Boosted Regression Tree analysis identified the significant factors controlling erodibility based on Portable In‐situ Wind Erosion Laboratory dust flux measurements and various surface characteristics, such as soil moisture, particle size, crusting degree, and mineralogy. Despite recent attention to improving the characterization of surface dust emission potential, our assessment indicates a high level of variability in the measured fluxes within similar geomorphologic classes. This variability poses challenges to dust modeling attempts based on geomorphology and/or spectral‐defined classes. Our approach using high‐resolution identification of dust sources to guide ground‐based testing of emissivity offers a valuable means to help constrain and validate dust emission schemes. Detailed determination of the relative strength of factors controlling emission can provide further improvement to regional and global dust cycle modeling.
A Moist Entropy Budget View of the South Asian Summer Monsoon Onset
Authors: Ma Ding , Sobel Adam H. , Kuang Zhiming , Singh Martin S. , Nie Ji 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUsing a high‐resolution global model with explicit representation of convection, the physical processes involved in the abrupt onset of South Asian summer monsoon are investigated within a moist entropy budget framework. The monsoon onset is a two‐stage transition. During the first stage, which starts around 2 months before onset, the source terms of column‐integrated moist entropy gradually increase, while the export by the large‐scale circulation slowly strengthens. The second stage is marked by a sudden increase of radiative heating and surface latent heat flux 10 days prior to the onset, followed by abrupt strengthening of large‐scale export of moist entropy. When either cloud‐radiative or wind‐evaporation feedback is disabled in numerical experiments, the monsoon experiences much smoother and weaker onset. The evolution of the system in a gross moist stability plane demonstrates that these positive feedbacks destabilize the system and are responsible for the abruptness of the transition.
Synergistic catalysis for cascade allylation and 2-aza-cope rearrangement of azomethine ylides
Authors: Wei Liang , Zhu Qiao , Xiao Lu , Tao Hai-Yan , Wang Chun-Jiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe efficient construction of enantiomerically enriched molecules from simple starting materials via catalytic asymmetric synthesis strategies is a key challenge in synthetic chemistry. Metallated azomethine ylides are commonly-used synthons for the preparation of N-heterocycles and α-amino acids. Remarkably, to date, the utilization of azomethine ylides for the facile access to chiral amines has proven elusive. Here, we report that a synergistic Cu/Ir-catalytic system combined with careful tuning of the steric congestion can be used to convert aldimine esters to a variety of chiral homoallylic amines via a cascade allylation/2-aza-Cope rearrangement. The elucidation of the distinct effects of each stereogenic center of the allylation intermediates on the stereochemical outcome and chirality transfer in the rearrangement further guided the selection of catalysts combination.
Effects of chlorine dioxide on the germination, oxidative metabolism and growth of barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Wang Ruiming , Chen Bingcui , Wang Tengfei , Li Piwu , Ding Feng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe effects of chlorine dioxide, ClO2, on the germination, oxidative metabolism and growth of barley seedlings were investigated. Barley seeds were separately treated with 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg.L−1 ClO2 solutions. Differences in the percentage of seed germination were observed in treatments with 1000 and 2000 mg.L−1 ClO2 solutions only. However, 1000 and 2000 mg.L−1 ClO2 significantly decreased the germination percentage. No significant difference in the MDA content, electrolyte leakage and amount of chlorophyll was observed in seedlings germinated from seeds treated with 0, 500 and 1000 mg.L−1 of ClO2. Similarly, POD and CAT activities showed no significant differences in seedlings germinated from seeds treated with 0 and 500 mg.L−1 while with 1000 mg.L−1 ClO2 there was an increase of these activities. Although there was no significant difference in the above ground part fresh weight between barley seedlings in which seeds were treated with distilled water and ClO2, the fresh weight of barley roots in which seeds were treated with ClO2 was significantly higher than that of control. The total length of barley roots and the number of roots were also increased. The lignin content of barley roots was markly reduced. Staining with Evans blue indicated that barley roots were not obviously damaged. Furtherly, the stimulation of the cell membrane H+-ATPase activity and root activity were observed to be induced by ClO2.
Study on the limit of detection in MZI-based biosensor systems
Authors: Martens Daan , Bienstman Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMach-Zehnder interferometers are integrated photonic sensors that have yielded excellent detection limits down to 10−7 RIU. They are of particular interest due to their large design freedom, allowing for example application in promising point-of-care compatible read-out schemes. The attainable detection limit of such sensors can interact with the sensor design in different ways, depending on the dominant origin of noise which can either be influencing a single sensor arm, both sensor arms or can be unrelated to the sensor itself. In this work, the interaction of these three noise regimes with the sensor design is examined. The regimes are combined into a framework that predicts the limit of detection as a function of sensor design. A set of experimental results confirms the validity of this obtained theoretical framework. This analysis provides a blueprint for optimization of MZI photonic sensors under any combination of read-out method and measurement circumstances.
Neurons in the monkey orbitofrontal cortex mediate reward value computation and decision-making
Authors: Setogawa Tsuyoshi , Mizuhiki Takashi , Matsumoto Narihisa , Akizawa Fumika , Kuboki Ryosuke , Richmond Barry J. , Shidara Munetaka 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChoice reflects the values of available alternatives; more valuable options are chosen more often than less valuable ones. Here we studied whether neuronal responses in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) reflect the value difference between options, and whether there is a causal link between OFC neuronal activity and choice. Using a decision-making task where two visual stimuli were presented sequentially, each signifying a value, we showed that when the second stimulus appears many neurons encode the value difference between alternatives. Later when the choice occurs, that difference signal disappears and a signal indicating the chosen value emerges. Pharmacological inactivation of OFC neurons coding for choice-related values increases the monkey’s latency to make a choice and the likelihood that it will choose the less valuable alternative, when the value difference is small. Thus, OFC neurons code for value information that could be used to directly influence choice.
Genetic variation in the HLA-G 3′UTR 14–bp insertion/deletion and the associated cancer risk: evidence from 25 case–control studies
Authors: Jiang You , Lu Jun , Wu Yue-E , Zhao Xin , Li Liang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) plays an important role in the progression of human cancers. A growing number of published studies have investigated the correlation between the HLA-G 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) 14-bp insertion/deletion (Ins/Del) polymorphism and the associated cancer risk in different populations. However, results from previous studies are inconclusive and inconsistent for the different type of cancers. Therefore, we undertook a meta-analysis to assess the effects of the HLA-G 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism on cancer risk. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases to obtain relevant studies up to 28 January 2019. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. Twenty-five published case–control studies comprising 4981 cases and 6391 controls were included in the current meta-analysis. The results of the overall analysis revealed that the HLA–G 14–bp Ins/Ins genotype and Ins allele were associated with the total cancer risk in the homozygote comparison model (Ins/Ins vs. Del/Del: OR = 0.80, CI = 0.64–1.00; P=0.049) and the allelic comparison model (Ins vs. Del: OR = 0.89, CI = 0.81–0.99; P=0.035), with a protective role. Further subgroup analyses indicated that the HLA–G 14–bp Ins/Del polymorphism was associated with the risk of breast cancer and oesophageal cancer (EC), and significant risk of cancer was also observed in Mixed populations and population-based (PB). The results of our meta-analysis show that the HLA–G 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism plays an important role in cancer risk, particularly in breast cancer and esophageal cancer in Mixed populations. Additional case–control studies with different types of cancer spanning different ethnicities are needed to extend the present findings.
Vegane Ernährung – gesund oder risikobehaftet?
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungEine vegane Ernährung kann eine gute Versorgung mit den Nährstoffen, wie sie in pflanzlichen Nahrungsmitteln üblicherweise vorhanden sind, liefern. Allerdings schaffen nicht alle Veganer eine gesundheitsfördernde Umsetzung, was zur Mangelversorgung bei Mineralstoffen, Spurenelementen und Vitaminen führen kann. Diese Ernährungsform setzt eine umfassende Kenntnis im Bereich Ernährung und Nährstoffe voraus, v. a. bei Schwangeren, Kindern und alten Menschen.