bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drugs With Anticholinergic Potential and Risk of Falls With Hip Fracture in the Elderly Patients: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Machado-Duque Manuel E. , Castaño-Montoya Juan Pablo , Medina-Morales Diego A. , Castro-Rodríguez Alejandro , González-Montoya Alexandra , Machado-Alba Jorge E. 
Published: March 2018

Background/Objective: To determine the association between the use of anticholinergic drugs and the risk of falls with hip fracture in a population older than 60 years. Methods: A case–control study in patients older than 60 years with a diagnosis of hip fracture. All drugs dispensed during the previous 30 days were identified. Sociodemographic, clinical, pharmacological (drugs according to the Anticholinergic Risk Scale [ARS]), and polypharmacy variables were analyzed. Measurements: Falls with hip fracture and type of drug according to the ARS. Results: A total of 300 patients with hip fracture and 600 controls were included. The mean age was 81.6 ± 8.9 years, with female predominance (71.3%). The use of drugs with moderate (odds ratio [OR]: 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-3.27) or high ARS scores (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.13-2.96) increased the probability of fracture. Conclusions: There was an association between the use of drugs with anticholinergic properties and the probability of hip fracture in elderly patients and it was possible to establish the level of risk.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Circumtibial and Transmembranous Routes for Posterior Tibial Tendon Transfer for Dropfoot
Authors: Wagner Emilio , Wagner Pablo , Zanolli Diego , Radkievich Rubén , Redenz Gunther , Guzman Rodrigo 
Published: March 2018

Background: Tibialis posterior tendon transfer is performed when loss of dorsiflexion has to be compensated. We evaluated the circumtibial (CT), above-retinaculum transmembranous (TMAR), and under-retinaculum transmembranous (TMUR) transfer gliding resistance and foot kinematics in a cadaveric foot model during ankle range of motion (ROM). Methods: Eight cadaveric foot-ankle distal tibia specimens were dissected free of soft tissues on the proximal end, applying an equivalent force to 50% of the stance phase to every tendon, except for the Achilles tendon. Dorsiflexion was tested with all of the tibialis posterior tendon transfer methods (CT, TMAR, and TMUR) using a tension tensile machine. A 10-repetition cycle of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion was performed for each transfer. Foot motion and the force needed to achieve dorsiflexion were recorded. Results: The CT transfer showed the highest gliding resistance ( P < .01). Regarding kinematics, all transfers decreased ankle ROM, with the CT transfer being the condition with less dorsiflexion compared with the control group (6.8 vs 15 degrees, P < .05). TMUR transfer did perform better than TMAR with regard to ankle dorsiflexion, but no difference was shown in gliding resistance. The CT produced a supination moment on the forefoot. Conclusion: The CT transfer had the highest tendon gliding resistance, achieved less dorsiflexion and had a supination moment. Clinical Relevance We suggest that the transmembranous tibialis posterior tendon transfer should be the transfer of choice. The potential bowstringing effect when performing a tibialis posterior tendon transfer subcutaneously (TMAR) could be avoided if the transfer is routed under the retinaculum, without significant compromise of the final function and even with a possible better ankle range of motion.
Bentonite nanoclay-based drug-delivery systems for treating melanoma
Authors: Hosseini Faezeh , Hosseini Farzaneh , Jafari Seyyed Mehdi , Taheri Azade 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTLocal chemotherapy with biocompatible drug-delivery systems prolongs survival in patients. Due to the biocompatibility and high loading capacity, bentonite nanoclay is a good candidate for the fabrication of drug-delivery vehicles. In this study, doxorubicin-bentonite nanoclay complex (DOX-Bent complex) was prepared for the first time as a sustained-release drug-delivery system for intratumoural chemotherapy of melanoma. An efficient loading of DOX on 1 mg of bentonite nanoclay as high as 994.45 ± 4.9 µg was obtained at a 30:1 DOX:bentonite nanoclay mass ratio. The DOX-Bent complex showed a low initial burst release of DOX in the first 24 h of release, followed by a sustained-release pattern for 21 days. The cumulativein vitrorelease of DOX from the DOX-Bent complex at pHs 6.5 and 7.4 revealed that the DOX-Bent complex can distinguish between tumour and normal tissues and express specific drug release at the tumour site. The results of cytotoxicity experiments indicated that the release pattern of DOX can supply sufficient DOX to inhibit growth of the melanoma cancer cell with an IC50 of 0.29 ± 0.07 µg/mL. It is thus suggested that the DOX-Bent complex be introduced as a drug-delivery system for effective local cancer therapy.
Innovation: from small “i” to large “I”
Authors: Lee Sang M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInnovation is the lifeline for every organization. The primary purpose of innovation is to apply new ideas or technologies to create new or added value for the organization. This narrow goal is for small “i”. In the dynamic digital age, however, the goal of innovation should be much more aspirational and noble: “doing well by doing good” for the society at large and humanity. This lofty goal of innovation is for large “I”. In this paper, we review the evolution process of innovation and propose how innovation can disrupt the barriers to creating a smart future, the aspirational goal of innovation for the greater good.
Gaps in Receipt of Clinically Indicated Genetic Counseling After Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Katz Steven J. , Ward Kevin C. , Hamilton Ann S. , Mcleod M. Chandler , Wallner Lauren P. , Morrow Monica , Jagsi Reshma , Hawley Sarah T. , Kurian Allison W. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose Little is known about the extent to which genetic counseling is integrated into community practices for patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer. We examined the receipt of clinically indicated genetic counseling in these patients. Patients and Methods We surveyed 5,080 patients between the ages of 20 and 79 years, diagnosed from July 2013 to August 2015 with early-stage breast cancer and reported to the SEER registries of Georgia and Los Angeles County. Surveys were linked to SEER clinical data and genetic test results. The study sample (N = 1,711) comprised patients with indications for formal genetic risk evaluation. Results Overall, 47.4% did not get tested, 40.7% tested negative, 7.4% had a variant of uncertain significance only, and 4.5% had a pathogenic mutation. Three quarters (74.6%) received some form of genetic counseling (43.5%, formal counseling and 31.1%, physician-directed discussion). Virtually all tested patients (96.1%) reported some form of genetic discussion (62.2%, formal counseling and 33.9%, physician-directed discussion). However, only one half (50.6%) of those not tested received any discussion about genetics. Younger women were more likely to report some type of counseling, controlling for other factors: odds ratio, 4.5 (95% CI, 2.6 to 8.0); 1.9 (95% CI, 1.1 to 3.3); and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.3) for women younger than 50 years of age, 50 to 59 years of age, and 60 to 69 years of age versus those 70 years of age and older. Patients’ assessments of the amount of information they received about whether to get tested were similarly high whether they were counseled by a genetics expert or by a physician only (80.8% v 79.4% stated information was just right, P = .59). Conclusion Less than one half (43.5%) of patients with clinical indications received formal genetic counseling. There is a large gap between mandates for timely pretest formal genetic counseling in higher-risk patients and the reality of practice today.
An international, Delphi consensus study to identify priorities for methodological research in behavioural trials: A study protocol
Authors: Byrne Molly , McSharry Jenny , Meade Oonagh , Lavoie Kim L. , Bacon Simon L. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Effective behaviour change interventions are needed to impact important health outcomes, including morbidity and mortality. However, the uptake and impact of behavioural interventions have been limited by methodological challenges. The International Behavioural Trials Network (IBTN) was established in 2013 to facilitate global improvement in methodological quality of behavioural trials. There has been no formal process, within the network or in the broader literature, to define the most important research priorities to achieve this aim. In this project, we will conduct an international, Delphi consensus study to identify and achieve consensus on priorities for methodological research in behavioural trials among IBTN members. Methods: Fifteen core members of IBTN, who are experts in the field of behavioural intervention research, will be invited to brainstorm a complete list of all items they consider priority areas for methodological research in trials of behavioural interventions. The IBTN Research Prioritisation team (the authors) will review all items generated, removing duplicates and merging similar topics, and generate a ‘long-list’ of items. This long-list will be sent to the 15 IBTN core members for approval. We will then administer two online Delphi surveys to all IBTN members. In the first survey, respondents will be asked to rate the importance of each item on a nine-point scale and rank their top five priorities. In the second survey, respondents will receive feedback on others’ responses and a reminder of their own responses in survey 1, and will be asked to re-rate items and re-select their ‘top five’. Discussion: Findings from the project will be used to develop the research agenda of the IBTN and to make recommendations for future research.
Prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in men with alcohol dependence – A case-control study
Authors: V Sushruth , Chate Sameeran , Patil N. , Tekalaki Bheemsain , Patil Sandeep 
Published: March 2018

Aim of the studyTo compare the prevalence of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among male alcohol users.Subject or material and methodsThe current case-control study included 50 male patients with alcohol abuse and 50 age-matched healthy controls. Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale-Revised, severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire, alcohol use disorders identification test, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Scale, adult ADHD self-report scale version 1.1 screener, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders criteria for adult ADHD, and ADHD-rating scale-IV were used to assess the patients. The data obtained were analyzed using EPIINFO 7 and compared using paired t-test, student’s t-test, and Pearson’s chi-square test (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsThe prevalence of undiagnosed ADHD was significantly higher in alcohol abuse cases when compared to healthy controls (31 vs. 4; P < 0.0001). The most common (16) subtype of ADHD in alcohol abuse cases was the hyperactive/impulsive type, whereas in controls, it was the inattentive type (3). The severity of alcohol dependence was moderate in alcohol abuse cases with adult ADHD (25), whereas mild dependence was observed in cases without adult ADHD (9). The SAD-Q (34.46 ± 7.70 vs. 32.12 ± 10.17) and AUDIT-C (31.34 ± 3.63 vs. 29.23 ± 5.43) scores were higher in cases with adult ADHD as compared to cases without ADHD.DiscussionA significant association between alcohol abuse and the prevalence of ADHD was observed. The majority of the patients were young adults indicating that alcohol abuse with or without ADHD tends to commence early in life.ConclusionsPatients diagnosed with alcohol abuse should be screened frequently and treated for ADHD.
Effects of an educational intervention targeting body image on self-esteem of Iranian high-school students: a quasi-experimental trial
Authors: Gharemani Leila , hemmati Nahid , Kaveh Mohammad Hossein , fararoei mohammad 
Published: March 2018

Aim of the studyMany individuals, especially youth, are concerned about their body image and devote much time to thinking about changes to their appearance. Most studies on the effect of educational programs on body image have focused on treatment of negative body image. Few studies have evaluated the effect of educational programs on prevention of negative body image and its improvement in the general population. The current study examined the effect of a self-efficacy theory-based educational program on body image concern and self-esteem among female high school students in Shiraz.Subject or material and methodsIn this quasi-experimental study, 150 students (72 in the intervention and 78 in the control group) were selected from high schools in Shiraz using cluster sampling. The intervention group took part in six 45-minute educational sessions. The educational content was determined using the 8-step Cash model proportional to Iranian culture. The study data was collected using Littleton’s body image concern and Rosenberg’s self-esteem questionnaires. It was then analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and the Friedman test.ResultsThe results showed no significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding parental occupations, parental educational levels, age, body image concern and self-esteem at baseline. The mean score for body image concern decreased in both groups during the study period, but the decrease was more significant in the intervention group. The mean score of self-esteem also significantly increased in the intervention group during the study period (p<0.0001.DiscussionThis study showed that body image education could reduce body image concerns and increase self-esteemConclusions.
Biomedical and psychosocial interventions in the mental health care system in Lithuania: “Leaving the psychiatrist’s clinic – with at least a couple of prescriptions”
Authors: Šumskienė Eglė , Petružytė Donata , Klimaitė Vaiva 
Published: March 2018

Aim of the studyThe aim of article is to reveal evaluations of mental health care system from a perspective of experts, as well as subjective view of patients in mental health centers towards the treatment they are getting.Subject or material and methodsThis article includes data from two studies done in Lthuania: expert and patient research. Research participants were 20 experts (nongovernmental organizations, academics, service workers, decision makers, central government) and 30 patients (heterogeneous according to their demographic characteristics, diagnoses, different treatment forms received).ResultsAccording to patients’ view, psychotherapeutic treatment requires much higher degree of patients’ active involvement and input; medication based treatment contributes to the patient’s passive position regarding his healing process.DiscussionExperts’ opinions regarding the balance between psychotherapy and medication: the availability of psychotherapy in bigger cities and a lack of them in provinces; the supply of private providers and lack of public services; a progressive youth and a conservative older generation; a paradoxical concentration of psychotherapy in in-patient facilities and a lack of them in the community.ConclusionsThough mental health care requires a clear and ethical balance of biomedical and psychotherapeutic interventions, a clear and public dialogue about the efficacy and advantage of different treatments is needed, but this consensus is still not achieved in many countries including Lithuania.
Both, psychotherapy and medication based treatment are regarded as useful elements of treatment from perspective of experts, as well as patients. However, there is lack of availability of psychotherapy services in mental health system in Lithuania
Is flexibility always associated with mental health? A study of coping and depression
Authors: Shell Jordana , Beaulieu Leah , Pothier Brittany , Dobson Keith , Drapeau Martin 
Published: March 2018

Aim of the studyThe present study aimed to determine if there is indeed a relationship between coping flexibility, defined as an ability to use a greater variety of coping strategies, and depression scores in patients suffering from major depressionSubject or material and methodsThe participants of this study were clinical patients undergoing cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The sample was taken from the cognitive-behavioural therapy arm of Jacobson’s landmark study (1996, 2008). Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Rush, Shaw & Emery, 1979), coping strategies were identified using the Coping Patterns Rating Scale (CPRS; Perry, Drapeau, & Dunkley, 2005), and coping flexibility was calculated using Gini’s C concentration measure.ResultsNo significant association was found between flexibility in coping and severity of depression.DiscussionNo correlation was found between BDI scores and flexibility scores, suggesting that coping flexibility is not related to depression severity. However, while flexibility in coping, or lack thereof, is not associated with depression severity, it remains to be seen if decreased flexibility in coping is different in individuals suffering from depression when compared to non-depressed individuals.ConclusionsThe absence of a significant association between coping flexibility and depression severity does to some extent call into question theories about flexibility in mental health, or at the very least, it circumscribes them. While mental illness may be related to increased cognitive and behavioral rigidity, it appears that the severity of the illness is unrelated to rigidity.
Análise da lei de depósito legal brasileira sob a ótica de Larivière (2000)
Authors: Rodrigues Marcia 
Published: March 2018

O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre o tema do depósito legal de publicações, incluindo uma análise da lei brasileira sobre depósito legal – Lei n. 10.994/2004, à luz das recomendações propostas por Larivière, em sua publicação intitulada Guidelines for legal deposit legislation, publicada em 2000. O estudo aponta mudanças, ao longo da história, das finalidades do depósito legal. O paradigma atual faz com que o objetivo principal do depósito legal convirja para a preservação do patrimônio cultural e a construção de uma memória documental nacional. A análise da lei brasileira demonstra a necessidade de adequação de alguns aspectos apontados por Larivière (2000). De forma ampla, a lei mostra-se adequada aos propósitos do depósito legal e, consequentemente, aos objetivos do Controle Bibliográfico Universal.
La Evolución biológica en la Biofilosofía de F. J. Ayala
Authors: Cano Espinosa Diego 
Published: March 2018

El discurso biológico de Ayala se centra en estas tres cuestiones: 1) El hecho de la evolución. 2) Historia de la evolución. 3) Mecanismos del desarrollo y cambio evolutivos. El hecho determinante y cierto, según Ayala, es la evidencia de relaciones entre todos los organismos debidas a una común descendencia con modificaciones como lo han demostrado con abundancia la Paleontología, Anatomía comparada, Biogeografía, Embriología, Genética Molecular, Bioinformática y otras disciplinas biológicas que nos llevan a la afirmación de que el hecho de la evolución de los seres vivos tiene el mismo grado de certeza que poseen los hechos históricos y científicos ampliamente confirmados. Para Ayala, explicaciones acerca del origen del mundo, del hombre y de otras criaturas se encuentran en todas las culturas. Tras la publicación del Origen de las Especies de C. Darwin en 1859, se produce gran polémica en los medios científicos, culturales y religiosos, pero pasado un período de maduración, el darwinismo logra ser aceptado especialmente bajo las formas de Neo-darwinismo y Teoría Sintética. Otro asunto muy distinto son las diversas teorías y micro-teorías que se proponen para explicar los mecanismos de la evolución de los organismos vivos que presentan todavía profundas lagunas, deficiencias y controversias que han provocado la aparición de teorías alternativas. No obstante, el darwinismo moderno constituye un peldaño importante en la reconstrucción del sinuoso y complejo proceso evolutivo de la vida a través de millones de años acudiendo a una razonable explicación causal sin que esto atente contra ningún supuesto religioso.
Hacia una filosofía de la astrobiología
Authors: Aretxaga-Burgos Roberto 
Published: March 2018

Tomando como fundamento la historia y literatura astrobiológicas, exploramos la posibilidad y necesidad de una Filosofía de la Astrobiología, proponemos una definición de Filosofía de la Astrobiología y su consideración como subdisciplina de la Filosofía de la Ciencia, distinta de la Filosofía de la Biología. Incluimos una bibliografía para una Filosofía de la Astrobiología.
La pregunta por el hombre y las antropologías
Authors: Estrada Juan A. 
Published: March 2018

La pregunta por el hombre ha generado distintas respuestas. Las antropologías están ligadas a los códigos culturales y en éstos han sido determinantes las teologías. En esta breve reflexión se analizan las antropologías hebreas, griegas y cristianas, comparándolas y especificando sus aportaciones a la cultura occidental. Se concluye con algunas indicaciones sobre la discusión antropológica actual.
Nuevas perspectivas en el debate sobre la naturaleza humana
Authors: Marcos Alfredo 
Published: March 2018

En un artículo anterior, titulado Filosofía de la naturaleza humana, he expuesto mi posición crítica respecto de las corrientes que abogan por la negación de la naturaleza humana, por su completa naturalización o por su completa artificialización. Aquí haré un breve resumen de esta posición (apartado 1), para a continuación profundizar en las críticas, pero ya en diálogo con varios autores que configuran un cambio de perspectiva contemporáneo respecto de la cuestión (apartado 2). En su conjunto, estos autores presentan una crítica muy lúcida al naturalismo vigente, así como sugerencias interesantes para una nueva y más acertada teoría de la naturaleza humana. Me detendré especialmente en las aportaciones de Thomas Nagel, porque creo que echan las bases para un posible diálogo constructivo, en torno a la naturaleza humana, entre posiciones teístas y no teístas (apartado 3). Este diálogo ha de apoyarse, según defiendo en el apartado conclusivo, en las indicaciones del sentido común crítico (apartado 4)., anidación, fecundación, diálogo.
Algunas cuestiones sobre el concepto de mejora
Authors: Cañón Loyes Camino 
Published: March 2018

En los años ochenta emergió la cuestión de la licitud moral de la mejora por relación a la terapia. Para presentar la problemática actual sobre el tema se ofrece el constructo denominado Práctica de Intervención del Cuerpo (PIC) caracterizado por cinco parámetros: M o la materia de la transformación, CT o la tecnociencia disponible, A o las concepciones vigentes de lo natural y lo artificial, N o las visiones de la naturaleza humana culturalmente compartidas y V o las valoraciones éticas a las que se apela para legitimar la transformación. Se apunta el nivel ontológico como necesario para comprender y debatir las diferencias existentes en criterio moral. El concepto de naturaleza humana como referente normativo está en crisis, pero su ausencia deja un vacío que hace urgente una deliberación para llegar a una instancia normativa común.