bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making Kafirin, the Sorghum Prolamin, into a Viable Alternative Protein Source
Authors: Taylor Janet , Taylor John R. N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractKafirin, the sorghum prolamin, is the most hydrophobic of the prolamins, and forms disulfide cross‐links because of its high cysteine content. It is noted for its slow digestibility but does not trigger any adverse response when consumed by celiacs. These properties make kafirin potentially valuable in both food and nonfood applications, especially as a bioplastic and encapsulating agent. Despite these valuable properties, to date there is no commercial production of kafirin and consequently no commercial products. Extraction technologies that could be upscaled for industrial use are described. Also, genetic and physicochemical techniques that have been applied to improve the functional and nutritional properties of kafirin as a functional food ingredient and as a bioplastic are reviewed. It is proposed that kafirin extraction and bioplastic manufacture should be located at the site of grain bioethanol production. This would enable the use of a consistent supply of inexpensive, high‐protein feedstock from sorghum distillers dried grains with solubles, as well as a ready supply of inexpensive ethanol for extraction. In addition, equipment would be available for solvent recovery, and transportation costs could be minimized. These factors would contribute to making kafirin economically viable as an alternative protein source.
Design and analysis of smart diaphragm based on shape memory polymer
Authors: Tao Ran , Liu Xia , Yang Qing‐Sheng , He Xiao‐Qiao 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTCurrently, tank diaphragms are mostly applied in the field of aerospace but one of their limitations have to do with their inability to recycle. In the article, we discussed the modeling of a new kind of reversible diaphragm, so‐called shape memory polymer (SMP) diaphragm. A thermo‐mechanical modeling of SMP is implemented by the finite element method using a constitutive model. A single variable in this model is defined and used to simplify the model compared to other existing models. Evolution of the analysis is conducted by making use of the intermediate difference forms and Jacobian matrix, which is applied to all quantities within the model. The overturning and recovery behaviors of the SMP diaphragm are examined. And, the effect of several parameters, including thickness, height and radius of the diaphragm, as well as temperature on the overturning performance are investigated. This study led to the establishment of an optimized model with the objective function requiring minimum overturning pressure for completing deformation and design variables associated with thickness, height, radius, and temperature. An optimized SMP diaphragm is obtained under the critical pressure constraints. The results contribute to the design and application of novel SMP diaphragms. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46557.
Synthesis, characterization, and solution properties of a surface‐active hydrophobically associating polymer
Authors: Li Yongming , Ren Qiang 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTA nonionic surfmer (MAA‐EO23C12) was prepared and reacted with acrylamide, acrylic acid, and a double tailed hydrophobic monomer (BTMAM) to synthesize a surface‐active hydrophobically associating copolymer (SHAP) through photoinitiated free radical copolymerization in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the functional monomer and the SHAP. Several performance evaluations, such as viscosification property, temperature resistance, salt tolerance, and shear resistance, were also conducted. Experiment results demonstrated that the introduced nonionic surfmer and hydrophobic monomer could endow the copolymer with excellent temperature resistance, salt tolerance, and shear resistance capability at low concentration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46569.
Brief Report: Leg Length Inequality and Hip Osteoarthritis in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study and the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Kim Chan , Nevitt Michael , Guermazi Ali , Niu Jingbo , Clancy Margaret , Tolstykh Irina , Jungmann Pia M. , Lane Nancy E. , Segal Neil A. , Harvey William F. , Lewis Cora E. , Felson David T. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveStudies suggest that persons with a leg length inequality (LLI) of ≥2 cm have an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) in that limb. The present study was undertaken to examine whether LLI also confers an increased risk of hip OA.MethodsUsing long limb radiographs from subjects in the Multicenter Arthritis Study (MOST) and the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), we measured LLI and scored hip radiographs that were obtained at baseline and 3–5‐year follow‐up. The associations of LLI of ≥1 cm and LLI of ≥2 cm with radiographic hip OA were examined cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, assessing risk in shorter limbs and longer limbs compared to limbs from subjects with no LLI. We carried out logistic regression analyses with generalized estimating equations and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, height, and cohort of origin.ResultsThere were 1,966 subjects from the MOST and 2,627 subjects from the OAI. Twelve percent had LLI of ≥1 cm and 1% had LLI of ≥2 cm. For LLI ≥1 cm, the adjusted odds ratio for prevalent hip OA in the shorter leg was 1.47 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.07–2.02) and for LLI ≥2 cm, it was 2.15 (95% CI 0.87–5.34). For LLI ≥1 cm, the odds of incident hip OA in the shorter leg were 1.39 (95% CI 0.81–2.39) while for LLI ≥2 cm, they were 4.20 (95% CI 1.26–14.03). We found no increased risk of hip OA in longer limbs.ConclusionOur findings suggest that, as with knee OA, legs that are at least 2 cm shorter than the contralateral leg are at increased risk of hip OA.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Properties of a Series of 3D Metal–Inorganic Frameworks Containing Pentazolate Anion
Authors: Xu Yuangang , Lin Qiuhan , Wang Pengcheng , Lu Ming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPentazolate anion (cyclo‐N5−), and/or N3−, NO3− were used as the ligands to obtain a series of nitrogen‐rich energetic three‐dimensional (3D) frameworks [Cu(N5)(N3)]n, [Ag(N5)]n, [Ba(N5)(NO3)(H2O)3]n, and [NaBa3(N5)6(NO3)(H2O)3]n by self‐assembly. These frameworks were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, SEM, IR and Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermal analysis. All the frameworks exhibited regular supramolecular structures and excellent stabilities at room temperature which can be attributed to the strong coordination bonds between cyclo‐N5− anions and metal ions. The successful stabilization of the cyclo‐N5− in more 3D multi‐ligand metal‐N5− frameworks after Na‐N5− frameworks has been demonstrated. This breakthrough offers new opportunities for the future of metal‐pentazolate frameworks and polynitrogen chemistry.
Can you spot a liar? Deception, mindreading, and the case of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Williams David M. , Nicholson Toby , Grainger Catherine , Lind Sophie E. , Carruthers Peter 
Published: April 2018

Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life and might require “mindreading” (the ability to represent others’ mental states). People with diminished mindreading, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. In Experiment 1, performance among 216 neurotypical adults on a realistic lie detection paradigm was significantly negatively associated with number of ASD traits, but not with mindreading ability. Bayesian analyses complemented null hypothesis significance testing and suggested the data supported the alternative hypothesis in this key respect. Cross validation of results was achieved by randomly splitting the full sample into two subsamples of 108 and rerunning analyses. The association between lie detection and ASD traits held in both subsamples, showing the reliability of findings. In Experiment 2, lie detection was significantly impaired in 27 adults with a diagnosis of ASD relative to 27 matched comparison participants. Results suggest that people with ASD (or ASD traits) may be particularly vulnerable to manipulation and may benefit from lie detection training. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1129–1137. © 2018 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryDetection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life. People with diminished understanding of other minds, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. We found that lie detection ability was related to how many ASD traits neurotypical people manifested and also was significantly diminished among adults with a full diagnosis of ASD.
Effects of an android app on mechanical engineering students
Authors: Corral Abad Eduardo , Gómez García María J. , Ruiz Blázquez Ramona , Castejon Cristina , García‐Prada J. C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the development and assessment of a Native Android App for learning concepts related with Mechanical Engineering. The designed App, called MaqTest, is an interactive, easy to use and portable tool. The proposed application has been programmed with Android Studio, and it is presented as an executable file accessible for smartphones and tablets. It allows the student to auto‐evaluate the conceptual understandings, increasing their level of knowledge and enhancing their academic results. The app has been test with students of the 3rd course of Mechanical Engineering Degree in the subject “Mechanism and Machine Theory.” Comparative results before and after using the app are presented. The assessment results show that there has been a significant improvement.
Delivering the fundamentals of software architecture, design and abstraction by developing a ray tracer for 3‐dimensional graphical scenes
Authors: Ezra Tsur Elishai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSoftware architects and designers develop abstract models of problems in the aim of designing software‐based solutions in the context of customer's needs. Current paradigms for software engineering education are often providing a narrow interpretation of the field, neglecting the art of conceiving useful abstractions of new—often discipline‐oriented—problems. Here, an introductory course to software engineering, design and architecture is described. The course is based on designing and modeling a ray tracer for a virtual 3‐dimensional graphical renderer, including the realization of the physics involved (light sources, rays, reflections, refractions, colors, occlusions, etc.). During the course, students integrate their fundamental knowledge of mathematics and physics, with their basic understanding of algorithms, data structures, object‐oriented design and programming. Multi‐phase surveys (n = 312) show increased level of interest, challenge, and relevance. Course materials are available in NBEL‐lab.com and shared under the creative common agreement.
UNC119A Decreases the Membrane Binding of Myristoylated c‐Src
Authors: Erwin Nelli , Dwivedi Mridula , Mejuch Tom , Waldmann Herbert , Winter Roland 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPlasma membrane localization of myristoylated c‐Src, a proto‐oncogene protein‐tyrosine kinase, is required for its signaling activity. Recent studies proposed that UNC119 protein functions as a solubilizing factor for myristoylated proteins, thereby regulating their subcellular distribution and signaling. The underlying molecular mechanism by which UNC119 regulates the membrane binding of c‐Src has remained elusive. By combining different biophysical techniques, we have found that binding of a myristoylated c‐Src‐derived N‐terminal peptide (Myr‐Src) by UNC119A results in a reduced membrane binding affinity of the peptide, due to the competition of binding to membranes. The dissociation of Myr‐Src from membranes is facilitated in the presence of UNC119A, as a consequence of which the clustering propensity of this peptide on the membrane is partially impaired. By these means, UNC119A is able to regulate c‐Src spatially in the cytoplasm and on cellular membranes, and this has important implications for its cellular signaling.
Co‐Template Directed Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles in Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Liu Ben , Louis Michael , Jin Lei , Li Gonghu , He Jie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA bottom‐up synthetic methodology to encapsulate pre‐synthesized, well‐defined gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into mesoporous titanium dioxide framework (Au@mTiO2) is reported. This method employs two structurally and chemically similar templates of amphiphilic block copolymers as well as poly(ethylene oxide)‐tethered AuNPs, which showed excellent stability during sol–gel transition and thermal annealing at elevated temperatures. Such synthesis enabled precise control of sizes and loading of AuNPs within the mesoporous TiO2 framework. In light‐driven methanol dehydrogenation, the presence of AuNPs significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity of mTiO2. This co‐template‐directed synthesis presents new opportunities to understand the effect of AuNP size in photocatalysis using Au@mTiO2 materials.
Relative Importance of Major Job Performance Dimensions in Determining Supervisors' Overall Job Performance Ratings
Authors: Choi Jae Young , Miao Chao , Oh In‐Sue , Berry Christopher M. , Kim Kwanghyun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study explores the factor structure of job performance and each performance dimension's relative importance in determining supervisors' overall job performance ratings. We found that the optimal factor structure of job performance includes five dimensions: task performance, organizational citizenship behaviour directed toward the organization and individuals (OCB‐O and OCB‐I, respectively), and counterproductive work behaviour directed toward the organization and individuals (CWB‐O and CWB‐I, respectively). The percent‐based relative weight (%RW) is the highest for task performance in determining job performance, followed by OCB and CWB. Interestingly, the %RW of non‐task performance dimensions directed toward the organization (OCB‐O and CWB‐O) is similar to the %RW of task performance but greater than the %RW of non‐task performance dimensions directed toward individuals (OCB‐I and CWB‐I). Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Does Legitimacy Operate in Emerging Capital Markets? Investigating the Moderating Effects of Premium Listings and Firm Size on Risk
Authors: Rossoni Luciano , Mendes‐Da‐Silva Wesley 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDrawing on an institutional theoretical perspective, we investigate the impact of the origins of organizational legitimacy on systematic risk using a sample of 358 Brazilian companies between the years 2002 and 2007. We regard three origins of legitimacy—formal–regulatory (presence in premium listings), cultural–cognitive (board of directors), and normative legitimacy (reputation)—to empirically investigate how a company's size and adherence to premium lists moderate other sources of legitimacy. Our results indicate that only under apparently better quality corporate governance conditions—presence in premium listings—do corporate reputation and the board of directors reduce systematic risk. In addition, we show that the effect of reputation on risk is positively moderated by firm size. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric α‐Alkylation of β‐Ketocarbonyls via Direct Phenacyl Bromide Photolysis by Chiral Primary Amine
Authors: Zhang Wenzhao , Zhu Yunbo , Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEnantioselective α‐photoalkylation of β‐ketocarbonyls without any external photosensitizer was described in this work. The photoalkylation reactions, enabled solely by a chiral primary amine catalyst, provided convenient constructions of all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters with good activity and high enantioselectivity. Mechanism studies revealed a direct photolytic radical chain process under visible light irradiation.
The cholinergic system in the basal forebrain of the Atlantic white‐sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus)
Authors: Reid George Andrew , Geula Changiz , Darvesh Sultan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe basal forebrain (BFB) cholinergic neurotransmitter system is important in a number of brain functions including attention, memory, and the sleep‐wake cycle. The size of this region has been linked to the increase in encephalization of the brain in a number of species. Cetaceans, particularly those belonging to the family Delphinidae, have a relatively large brain compared to its body size and it is expected that the cholinergic BFB in the dolphin would be a prominent feature. However, this has not yet been explored in detail. This study examines and maps the neuroanatomy and cholinergic chemoarchitecture of the BFB in the Atlantic white‐sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus). As in some other mammals, the BFB in this species is a prominent structure along the medioventral surface of the brain. The parcellation and distribution of cholinergic neural elements of the dolphin BFB was comparable to that observed in other mammals in that it has a medial septal nucleus, a nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca, a nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca, and a nucleus basalis of Meynert. The observed BFB cholinergic system of this dolphin is consistent with evolutionarily conserved and important functions for survival.
A home security system for seniors based on the beacon technology
Authors: Wu Hsin‐Te , Tsai Chun‐Wei 
Published: April 2018

SummaryMany elderly people have a hard time adapting to information technology (IT); for instance, many wearable devices have such rich functions that render them highly power‐consuming, creating operational difficulties for the elderly. The wearable devices must constantly be recharged, which is also an issue for disabled elderly people. Hence, this study utilizes transmitter and receiver of the beacon to learn about the habits of elderly people in their residence while monitoring their heart rate to track their physical condition; when and if they press the medical alarm, help can be sent on their way. This study uses the beacon device to position the location of elderly people in their residence. We have developed a wearable wristband that transmits data through the beacon. The only button on the wristband is a medical alarm; other functions include home positioning and heart rate monitoring, which operate automatically to relieve the elderly people from information technology adaptation issues. This paper will also develop an integrative monitoring platform that aims at detecting whether an elderly person has pressed the medical alarm as well as analyzing whether their heart rate is regular. Given that elderly people stay mostly within the range of their residence, the platform will conduct statistical analysis on schedule of the elderly person of being in and out of the house; if they have left their house for too long or have displayed irregular behavior in leaving or entering the house, then their family will be notified. The proposed method has added privacy and access authority control to prevent malicious parties from tracking the schedule or the residence of elderly people from being invaded. This study has also completed application development and conducted privacy efficacy analysis.
Removal of salt and pepper noise from images using hybrid filter (HF) and fuzzy logic noise detector (FLND)
Authors: Senthil Selvi A. , Sukumar R. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryImage restoration is the practice of removing or reducing the degradation. Degradation occurs due to image acquisition, out of focus, and image transfer over the internet. Image restoration tries to recover images that have been degraded. The restored image is not an original image; it is an approximation of the actual image. Image restoration is the preprocessing task done before other image processing tasks such as image segmentation, image compression, etc. This research implements a restoration algorithm using hybrid filter (HF) and fuzzy logic noise detector (FLND) for the removal of impulse noise from images. The proposed technique consists of two stages. In the first stage, we split the image into a number of windows, and each window applies the hybrid filter (Mean Filter and Adaptive Median Filter). The output from the first stage is given as an input to the second stage in which FLND generates the fuzzy rules, the rules used to classify the pixel as noisy and noise free. If the pixel is considered as noisy pixel, then it is restored by median filter. The noise‐free pixels were left unchanged. Increasing the (peak‐signal‐to noise ratio) PSNR of an image is the foremost objective of this research work. The proposed method is evaluated on standard lena image and the PSNR value at different noise level are presented in this research paper. The results are compared with Mean Filter (MF), Adaptive Median Filter (AMF), Weighted Median Filter (WMF), Decision‐Based Filter (DBF), Weighted Fuzzy Mean Filter (WFM), Adaptive Fuzzy Mean Filter (AFM) and Wavelet Filter (WF). The drawbacks in existing methods are rectified in our proposed method. It suppresses noise, protects image characteristics, and also increases visual quality and PSNR value.
Frequency scaling and energy efficiency regarding the Gauss‐Jordan elimination scheme with application to the matrix‐sign‐function on OpenPOWER 8
Authors: Köhler Martin , Saak Jens 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe Gauss‐Jordan Elimination scheme is an alternative to the LU decomposition for solving linear systems or computing the inverse of a matrix. We develop a multi‐GPU aware implementation of this algorithm on an OpenPOWER 8 system with application to the Matrix Sign Function. Thereby, we analyze the influence of the CPU clock frequency scaling on the overall energy consumption. The results show possible energy saving of 14.2% without a noteworthy increase of the runtime.
Chinese microblog rumor detection based on deep sequence context
Authors: Lin Dazhen , Ma Ben , Cao Donglin , Li Shaozi 
Published: April 2018

SummaryRumor is one of the main problems in social media, which often shows deeply and rapidly undesirable affection on the society. Although many rumor detection models consider content features and social features, all of them are based on the word independence assumption, which lacks the sequence context. Thus, if we use some words that often appear in rumors, our posts will be recognized as a rumor. To solve this problem, we propose a deep sequence context model (DSCM) for Chinese microblog rumor detection. This model considers two important factors of rumors: falsity and influence. Firstly, to learn falsity, we abolish the word independence assumption and use long short‐term memory (LSTM) units to capture bi‐direction sequence context information in content. Secondly, to learn influence, we combine the deep sequence context information with social features to learn the connection between content and social features. In our experiment, our results show that our approach outperforms several state‐of‐the‐art machine learning approaches, including term frequency and inverse document frequency (TFIDF), LSTM, and gated recurrent unit (GRU) in rumor detection.