bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Number of Independent Signals in Body Surface Maps
Authors: Uijen G. , van Oosterom A. , Hoekema R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper reports on the number of independent signals in body surface maps measured using a variety of lead systems incorporating 32 up to 219 leads. The number of independent signals is estimated using the minimum description length. It is found that the number of independent signals in body surface maps is of the order of 10. For lead systems incorporating many leads the number of independent signals is only marginally larger than in lead systems incorporating fewer leads. A lead system incorporating 64 leads will suffice for most applications.
Semi-Automatic Generation of Medical Tele-Expert Opinion for Primary Care Physician
Authors: Rihl J. , Schenker M. , Standl E. , Biermann E. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: A computer-based system has been developed for the generation of medical expert opinions on the insulin-resistance syndrome, based on clinical data obtained from primary care physicians.
Methods: An expert opinion for each patient was generated by using a decision tree for entering individual text modules and by adding optional free text. The expert opinions were returned by e-mail, telefax or by ordinary mail.
Results: 1389 primary care physician sent anonymous data sets and requested expert opinions for a total of 3768 patients. Through the set up of a rule-based system an automation of the generation of the expert opinions could be achieved and the generation time dropped from initially 40 minutes to less than 5 minutes at the end.
Conclusions: By using predefined text modules and a rule based system, a large number of medical expert opinions can be generated with relatively few additional resources.
Considerations for the Representation of Meta-Data for the Support of Structured Data Entry
Authors: van Ginneken A. M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: Research and decision support require patient data to be structured. Flexible data representation, to cope with expansion and new recording demands, can be achieved through abstraction of the data model. Such a model, however, does not include explicit information for the support of structured data entry (SDE), i.e. the definition of what is relevant to say in a specific context. The objective of this paper is to provide considerations for an intuitive conceptual representation of such meta-data for domain experts.
Methods: The content of meta-data for SDE is compared with that of controlled medical terminologies in the context of its purpose.
Results: Upon analysis of medical descriptions, a network and a tree both emerge as an intuitive structure to represent meta-data for the support of SDE. The pros and cons of a tree versus a network are dominated by the challenges of representing multiple contexts for description. Meta-data for SDE only partially overlap with the content of controlled medical terminologies.
Conclusions: Integration of meta-data for SDE and controlled terminologies would benefit standardization and retrieval, but the requirements for flexible data entry are at odds with the rigidity and limited granularity of a standard. The preferred strategy seems to be a mapping between the concepts from a terminology standard and meta-data for SDE.
Mutual Information as an Index of Diagnostic Test Performance
Authors: Benish W. A. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: This paper demonstrates that diagnostic test performance can be quantified as the average amount of information the test result (R) provides about the disease state (D).
Methods: A fundamental concept of information theory, mutual information, is directly applicable to this problem. This statistic quantifies the amount of information that one random variable contains about another random variable. Prior to performing a diagnostic test, R and D are random variables. Hence, their mutual information, I(D;R), is the amount of information that R provides about D.
Results: I(D;R) is a function of both 1) the pretest probabilities of the disease state and 2) the set of conditional probabilities relating each possible test result to each possible disease state. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) is a popular measure of diagnostic test performance which, in contrast to I(D;R), is independent of the pretest probabilities; it is a function of only the set of conditional probabilities. The AUC is not a measure of diagnostic information.
Conclusions: Because I(D;R) is dependent upon pretest probabilities, knowledge of the setting in which a diagnostic test is employed is a necessary condition for quantifying the amount of information it provides. Advantages of I(D;R) over the AUC are that it can be calculated without invoking an arbitrary curve fitting routine, it is applicable to situations in which multiple diagnoses are under consideration, and it quantifies test performance in meaningful units (bits of information).
Normal Voice Production: Computation of Driving Parameters from Endoscopic Digital High Speed Images
Authors: Braunschweig T. , Lohscheller J. , Eysholdt U. , Hoppe U. , Döllinger M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: A central point for quantitative evaluation of pathological and healthy voices is the analysis of vocal fold oscillations. By means of digital High Speed Glottography (HGG), vocal fold oscillations can be recorded in real time. Recently, a numerical inversion procedure was developed that allows the extraction of physiological parameters from digital high speed videos and a classification of voice disorders. The aim of this work was to validate the inversion procedure and to investigate the applicability to normal voices.
Methods: High speed recordings were performed during phonation within a group of five female and five male persons with normal voices. By using knowledge based image processing algorithms, motion curves of the vocal folds were extracted at three different positions (dorsal, medial, ventral). These curves were used to obtain physiological voice parameters, and in particular the degree of symmetry of the vocal folds based upon a biomechanical model of the vocal folds.
Results: The highest degree of symmetry was observed for the medial motion curves. While the dor-sally and ventrally extracted motion curves exhibited similar results concerning the degree of symmetry the performance of the algorithm was less stable.
Conclusions: The inversion algorithm provides reasonable results for all subjects when applied to the medial motion curves. However, for dorsal and ventral motion curves, correct performance is reduced to 85 %.
Detection of Juvenile Sleep Deprivation by Stochastic Optimization of Pupillographic Records
Authors: Mercer P. , Sheldon S. , Kotsos T. , O’Neill W. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective: To address the challenging problem of measuring juvenile sleep deprivation, we test the hypothesis that a pupillographic method found successful for adult narcoleptics might also discriminate between sleep deprived juveniles acting as their own controls.
Methods: A linear, nonstationary model relating pupillary diameter and a random photic stimulus are estimated by recursive regressions from pupillographic records of 8 juveniles of median age 7 years acting as their own rested controls. The estimated pupillary impulse response noise functions are stochastically optimized using the Kullback divergence measure to maximally separate the sleep deprived records from the control records.
Results: Both the average and covariance statistics of the estimated pupillary noise functions exhibit statistically significant differences between sleep deprived and rested subjects. The main result is that sleep deprivation decreases pupillary noise variance; a finding consistent with a previous study of adult narcoleptics. Further, it was found that virtually the same stochastic parameters were optimal for the juvenile sleep deprived data and for the previous adult narcoleptic study.
Conclusions: Although our results are preliminary, the consistent reduction of pupillary noise appears to justify a comprehensive clinical trial across a broad range of age classes. In addition, the finding that the same parameters stochastically optimze both juvenile and adult recordings suggests the procedure holds promise as a clinical test which could produce sleep deprivation measures simultaneous with data collection.
Non-Linear Transform-Based Robust Adaptive Latency Change Estimation of Evoked Potentials
Authors: Wang H. , Zhang Y. , Bao H. , Qiu T. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: To improve the latency change estimation of evoked potentials (EP) under the lower order -stable noise conditions by proposing and analyzing a new adaptive EP latency change detection algorithm (referred to as the NLST).
Methods: The NLST algorithm is based on the fractional lower order moment and the nonlinear transform for the error function. The computer simulation and data analysis verify the robustness of the new algorithm.
Results: The theoretical analysis shows that the iteration equation of the NLST transforms the lower order α-stable process en (k) into a second order moment process by a nonlinear transform. The simulations and the data analysis showed the robustness of the NLST under the lower order α-stable noise conditions.
Conclusions: The new algorithm is robust under the lower order -stable noise conditions, and it also provides a better performance than the DLMS, DLMP and SDA algorithms without the need to estimate thevalue of the EP signals and noises.
Classification of EEG Mental Patterns by Using Two Scalp Electrodes and Mahalanobis Distance-Based Classifiers
Authors: Cincotti F. , Mattia D. , Babiloni C. , Carducci F. , Bianchi L. , Millán del R. , Mouriño J. , Salinari S. , Marciani M. G. , Babiloni F. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: In this paper, we explored the use of quadratic classifiers based on Mahalanobis distance to detect mental EEG patterns from a reduced set of scalp recording electrodes.
Methods: Electrodes are placed in scalp centro-parietal zones (C3, P3, C4 and P4 positions of the international 10-20 system). A Mahalanobis distance classifier based on the use of full covariance matrix was used.
Results: The quadratic classifier was able to detect EEG activity related to imagination of movement with an affordable accuracy (97% correct classification, on average) by using only C3 and C4 electrodes.
Conclusions: Such a result is interesting for the use of Mahalanobis-based classifiers in the brain computer interface area.
Two-Phase Study to Assess the Number of Cases Based on Claims Databases: Characteristics of the Validation Data Set
Authors: Rabilloud M. , Colin C. , Ecochard R. , Couris C. M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective: In a two-phase study design, the characteristics of an external data set were studied for precision and bias of the number of incident or prevalent cases of a disease obtained from claims databases.
Methods: In the study population (first phase), incident or prevalent cases were counted whereas external data (second phase) provided sensitivity and specificity estimates to count cases in a claims database. Influence of potential differences in sensitivity and specificity between the two phases were evaluated. This was illustrated for 50-90% sensitivity and 99-99.99% specificity ranges.
Results and Conclusions: The impact of differences in sensitivity and specificity depends on the odds of disease in the study population. We provide advice on the choice of adequate data sets to correct claims database estimates.
Validation of ICTERUS, a Knowledge-based Expert System for Jaundice Diagnosis
Authors: Marzuoli M. , Molino F. , Battista S. , Bar F. , Torchio M. , Lavelle S. M. , Corless G. , Cappello N. , Molino G. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:The study aimed to describe an example of the assessment and validation of knowledge-based clinical expert systems. The paper focuses on ICTERUS, an expert system for jaundice diagnosis. It describes system design, the methodology applied for upgrading and validating the program, and the most important outcomes of the validation procedure. The clinical validation of the system on a very large European database (Euricterus Project) shows that diagnostic conclusions are reliable in about 70% of eligible cases. This figure appears acceptable for a system which provides decision support only on the basis of clinical data, assuming that the final decision is achieved under user responsibility. Expected biases, limitations and inconsistencies in the practical application of the system are discussed.
Disaster Drills and Continuous Medical Education using Satellite-based Internet
Authors: Haruki Y. , Ogushi Y. , Okada Y. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:We designed and evaluated a satellite-based Internet system for use in medical applications. Many experimental telemedicine projects use satellites, but we combined digital satellite communication with an ordinary telephone network to realize an economical countrywide network for emergency medicine and continuous medical education. The system appears to be a useful and practical technology for daily clinical activities.
Data Processing at the Anesthesia Workstation: from Data Entry to Data Presentation
Authors: Junger A. , Quinzio L. , Michel A. , Sciuk G. , Fuchs C. , Marquardt K. , Hempelmann G. , Benson M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Main requirements for an Anesthesia Information Management System (AIMS) are the supply of additional information for the anesthesiologist at his workstation and complete documentation of the anesthetic procedure. With the implementation of an AIMS (NarkoData) and effective user support, the quality of documentation and the information flow at the anesthesia workstation could be increased. Today, more than 20,000 anesthesia procedures are annually recorded with the AIMS at 112 decentralized workstations. The network for data entry and the presentation and evaluation of data, statistics and results directly available at the clinical workstation was made operational.
Computer Simulation of Hemodynamic Parameter Changes by Mechanical Ventilation and Biventricular Circulatory Support
Authors: Darowski M. , Ferrari G. , Clemente F. , Guaragno M. , Lazzari De 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:When a Bi-Ventricular Assist Device (BVAD) is used in conjunction with mechanical ventilation (MV) of the lungs with positive intrathoracic pressure (Pt), the latter influences hemodynamics. The aim of our study was to assess the simultaneous influence of BVAD and MV on hemodynamics. We assumed ventricular pathological conditions as reduced elastances and increased rest volumes. Peripheral systemic arterial resistance was assumed to have different values. Data were obtained by computer simulation. Trends in main hemodynamic variables were compared with clinical data from literature. Simulation showed that systemic venous, pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures are very sensitive to Pt (-2 to 5 mmHg).
Predicting Patient’s Long-Term Clinical Status after Hip Arthroplasty Using Hierarchical Decision Modelling and Data Mining
Authors: Demšar J. , Smrke D. , Boižkov K. , Stankovski V. , Bratko I. , Beck J. R. , Zupan B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConstruction of a prognostic model is presented for the long-term outcome after femoral neck fracture treatment with implantation of hip endoprosthesis. While the model is induced from the follow-up data, we show that the use of additional expert knowledge is absolutely crucial to obtain good predictive accuracy. A schema is proposed where domain knowledge is encoded as a hierarchical decision model of which only a part is induced from the data while the rest is specified by the expert. Although applied to hip endoprosthesis domain, the proposed schema is general and can be used for the construction of other prognostic models where both follow-up data and human expertise is available.
Imaging and the Human Brain Project: A Review
Authors: Rosse C. , Brinkley J. F. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: Survey current work primarily funded by the US Human Brain Project (HBP) that involves substantial use of images. Organize this work around a framework based on the physical organization of the body.
Methods: Pointers to individual research efforts were obtained through the HBP home page as well as personal contacts from HBP annual meetings. References from these sources were followed to find closely related work. The individual research efforts were then studied and characterized.
Results: The subject of the review is the intersection of neuroinformatics (information about the brain), imaging informatics (information about images), and structural informatics (information about the physical structure of the body). Of the 30 funded projects currently listed on the HBP web site, at least 22 make heavy use of images. These projects are described in terms of broad categories of structural imaging, functional imaging, and image-based brain information systems.
Conclusions: Understanding the most complex entity known (the brain) gives rise to many interesting and difficult problems in informatics and computer science. Although much progress has been made by HBP and other neuroinformatics researchers, a great many problems remain that will require substantial informatics research efforts. Thus, the HPB can and should be seen as an excellent driving application area for biomedical informatics research.
Requirements Engineering for Inter-Organizational Health Information Systems with Functions for Spatial Analyses: Modeling a WHO Safe Community Applying Use Case Maps
Authors: Hallberg N. , Timpka T. , Lindqvist K. , Ölvingson C. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: To evaluate Use Case Maps (UCMs) as a technique for Requirements Engineering (RE) in the development of information systems with functions for spatial analyses in inter-organizational public health settings.
Methods: In this study, Participatory Action Research (PAR) is used to explore the UCM notation for requirements elicitation and to gather the opinions of the users. The Delphi technique is used to reach consensus in the construction of UCMs.
Results: The results show that UCMs can provide a visualization of the system‘s functionality and in combination with PAR provide a sound basis for gathering requirements in inter-organizational settings. UCMs were found to represent a suitable level for describing the organization and the dynamic flux of information including spatial resolution to all stakeholders. Moreover, by using PAR, the voices of the users and their tacit knowledge is intercepted. Further, UCMs are found useful in generating intuitive requirements by the creation of use cases.
Conclusions: With UCMs and PAR it is possible to study the effects of design changes in the general information display and the spatial resolution in the same context. Both requirements on the information system in general and the functions for spatial analyses are possible to elicit when identifying the different responsibilities and the demands on spatial resolution associated to the actions of each administrative unit. However, the development process of UCM is not well documented and needs further investigation and formulation of guidelines.
Dietary Balance Chart for an On-line Computerized Graphical Support System inMHTS
Authors: Nishino R. , Nakazato R. , Takahashi T. , Matsumoto H. , Hori S. , Masuyama Y. , Hinohara S. , Horie M. , Robinson D. , Hinohara S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDietary habits are believed to play an important role in the etiology of adult disease. For this reason, it is necessary to include effective dietary guidance in multiphasic health testing and services (MHTS) programmes for primary disease prevention. We have developed such a programme of simple dietary advice, using a computer system for the MHTS. Examinees' dietary habits are checked using optical character record (OCR) questionnaire forms, and the results are displayed on the screen of a colour display terminal. They are required to prepare a menu of their usual daily dietary intake in terms of quantity and type of food. Thus the data collected relate to the nutritional composition of the examinee's usual diet. Nutritional requirements of the Japanese according to sex, height, and level of physical activity, in accordance with criteria set by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare, are fed into the computer in advance. For each examinee, these criteria and the results of the assessment of the diet are displayed together on the screen in the form of colour graphs for comparison.
HRA Model for Hypercholesterolemia Based on a Longitudinal Health Database
Authors: Kishimoto T. , Iida Y. , Yoshida K. , Miyakawa M. , Sugimori H. , Izuno T. , Okazaki N. , Tamura M. , Hinohara S. , Takahashi E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo evaluate the risk factors for hypercholesterolemia, we examined 4,371 subjects (3,207 males and 1,164 females) who received medical checkups more than twice at an AMHTS in Tokyo during the period from 1976 through 1991; and whose serum total cholesterol was under 250 mg/dl. The mean follow-up duration was 6.6 years. A self-registering questionnaire was administered at the time of the health checkup. The endpoint of this study was the onset of hypercholesterolemia when the level of serum total cholesterol was 250 mg/dl and over. We compared two prognosis groups (normal and hypercholesterol) in terms of age, examination findings and lifestyle. After assessing each variable, we employed Cox's proportional hazards model analysis to determine the factors related to the occurrence of hypercholesterolemia. According to proportional hazards model analysis, total cholesterol, triglyceride and smoking at the beginning, and hypertension during the observation period were selected in males; and total cholesterol at the beginning and age were selected in females to determine the factors related to the occurrence of hypercholesterolemia.
Interactive Video Assists in Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Waitzfelder B. E. , Gramlich E. P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Hawaii Quality and Cost Consortium began a project in 1993 to implement and evaluate interactive videodisk programs to assist in clinical decision-making for breast cancer. Communication problems between physicians and patients, limitations of available outcomes data and varying preferences of individual patients can result in treatment outcomes that are less than satisfactory. Shared Decision-making Programs (SDPs) were developed by the Foundation for Informed Medical Decision Making (FIMDM) in Hanover, New Hampshire, to assist in the treatment decision-making process. Utilizing interactive videodisks, the programs provide patients with clear, unbiased information about available treatment options. With this information, patients can become more active participants in making treatment decisions. The SDPs for breast cancer were implemented at two sites in Hawaii. Evaluation data from 103 patients overwhelmingly indicate that patients find the programs clear, balanced and very good or excellent in terms of the amount of information presented and overall rating.
Total Quality in Information Systems Management: Issues for the Health Care Industry
Authors: Leonard K. J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFaced with rising costs, growing demand and declining funding, hospitals and others must either cut services or improve the efficiency and effectiveness of what they do. Neither solution can be implemented without adequate relevant information. Without understanding which services are providing the most value to its customers, sensible cutbacks will be difficult to make. Improving efficiency requires a knowledge of where there are inefficiencies, and improving effectiveness requires an understanding of what the outcomes of health care are. The solution, as many have documented, is to create, as a first step, a database containing detailed health care patient data. In this paper, we present continuous improvement techniques as a requirement for the design and development ofthis much needed database.