bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TID Observations and Source Analysis During the 2017 Memorial Day Weekend Geomagnetic Storm Over North America
Authors: Jonah O. F. , Coster A. , Zhang S. , Goncharenko L. , Erickson P. J. , de Paula E. R. , Kherani E. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigate ionospheric perturbations associated with traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) during the geomagnetic storm on Memorial Day weekend (28 May) 2017. Results show the presence of both equatorward propagating large‐scale TIDs (LSTIDs) and poleward propagating medium‐scale TIDs. Equatorward moving TIDs are connected with enhanced auroral activity owing to geomagnetic storm conditions, while poleward TIDs are believed to be induced by local atmospheric gravity wave sources originating from convection activities near the West Coast of North America. Measurements from magnetometers located in the west, central, and east regions of North America are used to evaluate energy inputs from the auroral belt, and these observations confirm that equatorward LSTIDs are due to geomagnetic disturbance. The observed LSTID waves were characterized by some uncommon features, such as horizontal wavefront stretching from coast to coast, aligned in the NW to SE direction, and propagating to the southwest (equatorward) direction during the storm main phase period. In contrast, during the recovery phase and on other experimental control days, the observed medium‐scale TIDs were characterized with relatively smaller wavelengths aligned in the NW to SE direction and propagate primarily in the northeast (poleward) direction. Our results also reveal that LSTID waves appear to travel faster in the central continental region compared to LSTIDs in the western and eastern regions.
The South Asian Monsoon Response to Remote Aerosols: Global and Regional Mechanisms
Authors: Shawki D. , Voulgarakis A. , Chakraborty A. , Kasoar M. , Srinivasan J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe South Asian summer monsoon has been suggested to be influenced by atmospheric aerosols, and this influence can be the result of either local or remote emissions. We have used the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model Version 3 (HadGEM3) coupled atmosphere‐ocean climate model to investigate for the first time the centennial‐scale South Asian precipitation response to emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), the dominant anthropogenic precursor of sulfate aerosol, from different midlatitude regions. Despite the localized nature of the regional heating that results from removing SO2 emissions, all experiments featured a similar large‐scale precipitation response over South Asia, driven by ocean‐modulated changes in the net cross‐equatorial heat transport and an opposing cross‐equatorial northward moisture transport. The effects are linearly additive, with the sum of the responses from the experiments where SO2 is removed from the United States, Europe, and East Asia resembling the response seen in the experiment where emissions are removed from the northern midlatitudes as a whole, but with East Asia being the largest contributor, even per unit of emission or top‐of‐atmosphere radiative forcing. This stems from the fact that East Asian emissions can more easily influence regional land‐sea thermal contrasts and sea level pressure differences that drive the monsoon circulation, compared to emissions from more remote regions. Our results suggest that radiative effects of remote pollution should not be neglected when examining changes in South Asian climate and that and it is important to examine such effects in coupled ocean‐atmosphere modeling frameworks.
What Controls ENSO Teleconnection to East Asia? Role of Western North Pacific Precipitation in ENSO Teleconnection to East Asia
Authors: Kim Sunyong , Kug Jong‐Seong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere are distinct impacts of anomalous tropical forcings associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the climate in East Asia via an atmospheric teleconnection. In this study, the intrawinter changes in the atmospheric teleconnection and its regional impacts associated with ENSO are investigated using data from 386 weather stations throughout Korea, China, and Japan. It has recently been shown that the relative roles of western North Pacific (WNP) and equatorial central Pacific (CP) precipitation anomalies play an important role in determining the ENSO teleconnection in the North Pacific. Here we show that the ENSO impacts over East Asia can also be largely explained by a combination of WNP and equatorial CP forcing. Further, the diverse regional impacts among different ENSO events can be explained to a large extent by the relative roles of the WNP and equatorial CP precipitation. Analyses from state‐of‐the‐art coupled model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 archive support these observational arguments.
Space Weathering Induced Via Microparticle Impacts: 1. Modeling of Impact Velocities and Flux of Micrometeoroids From Cometary, Asteroidal, and Interstellar Origin in the Main Asteroid Belt and the Near‐Earth Environment
Authors: Altobelli N. , Fiege K. , Carry B. , Soja R. , Guglielmino M. , Trieloff M. , Orlando T. M. , Srama R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe processes of alteration of airless bodies exposed to the space environment are referred to be as “space weathering.” Multiple agents contribute generally to space weathering, to an extent that depends on the specific location of the surface within the solar system. Typical space weathering agents encountered in the solar system are solar radiation, solar wind and cosmic rays, magnetospheric plasma (e.g., at Jupiter or Saturn), and cosmic dust. The effect of space weathering is generally assessed by measuring the surfaces optical properties, for example, by near‐infrared spectroscopy. The alteration of the surfaces is due to a cumulative effect over time of all agents. We investigate in this paper the contribution of micrometeoroid (dust) bombardment on different asteroids, by using the Interplanetary Micrometeoroid Environment Model for the interplanetary dust populations and a simplified model of interstellar dust dynamics. We quantify, for different representative asteroids (main belt and Near Earth Objects [NEOs]), the particle cumulative flux, mass flux, impact velocity, and the kinetic impact energy deposited. This work is primarily intended to support laboratory work investigating the effect of energy deposition onto sample surfaces, as well as astronomical observations of optical properties of asteroid surfaces.
Changes in Wood Biomass and Crop Yields in Response to Projected CO2, O3, Nitrogen Deposition, and Climate
Authors: Lombardozzi Danica L. , Bonan Gordan B. , Levis Samuel , Lawrence David M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs the world's population increases, so will the demand for food and timber resources. Though carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization and, to a lesser extent, nitrogen (N) deposition are expected to increase future resource production, changes in ozone (O3) and climate have the potential to decrease production due to increased phytotoxic damage, drought, and heat stress. To determine how crop and timber production may change in the future, we use the Community Land Model version 4.5 with prognostic crops to simulate responses of wood biomass and crop yields to CO2, O3, N deposition, and climate under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 forcings. Generally, rising CO2 increases wood biomass and crop yields, while projected climate change causes decreases. Small projected changes in O3 and N deposition do not strongly affect yields, though additional research is needed on future O3 and N deposition trends and impacts. By the end of the 21st century, global wood biomass increases by ~16% due to the dominating impact of CO2. The positive effect of CO2 on future crop yields is muted by the negative impacts of climate, with a ~5% net global increase. Future projections suggest that rice and wheat yields typically increase under the combination of future forcings, whereas soy and corn yields are regionally variable. While short‐term resource management strategies can benefit from planting heat‐tolerant species and cultivars, technological advances and intensification, among other management strategies not included here, must be employed to meet the future demand for these resources.
A deep learning-enabled portable imaging flow cytometer for cost-effective, high-throughput, and label-free analysis of natural water samples
Authors: Gӧrӧcs Zoltán , Tamamitsu Miu , Bianco Vittorio , Wolf Patrick , Roy Shounak , Shindo Koyoshi , Yanny Kyrollos , Wu Yichen , Koydemir Hatice Ceylan , Rivenson Yair , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe report a deep learning-enabled field-portable and cost-effective imaging flow cytometer that automatically captures phase-contrast color images of the contents of a continuously flowing water sample at a throughput of 100 mL/h. The device is based on partially coherent lens-free holographic microscopy and acquires the diffraction patterns of flowing micro-objects inside a microfluidic channel. These holographic diffraction patterns are reconstructed in real time using a deep learning-based phase-recovery and image-reconstruction method to produce a color image of each micro-object without the use of external labeling. Motion blur is eliminated by simultaneously illuminating the sample with red, green, and blue light-emitting diodes that are pulsed. Operated by a laptop computer, this portable device measures 15.5 cm × 15 cm × 12.5 cm, weighs 1 kg, and compared to standard imaging flow cytometers, it provides extreme reductions of cost, size and weight while also providing a high volumetric throughput over a large object size range. We demonstrated the capabilities of this device by measuring ocean samples at the Los Angeles coastline and obtaining images of its micro- and nanoplankton composition. Furthermore, we measured the concentration of a potentially toxic alga (Pseudo-nitzschia) in six public beaches in Los Angeles and achieved good agreement with measurements conducted by the California Department of Public Health. The cost-effectiveness, compactness, and simplicity of this computational platform might lead to the creation of a network of imaging flow cytometers for large-scale and continuous monitoring of the ocean microbiome, including its plankton composition.
Adaptation decorrelates shape representations
Authors: Mattar Marcelo G. , Olkkonen Maria , Epstein Russell A. , Aguirre Geoffrey K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPerception and neural responses are modulated by sensory history. Visual adaptation, an example of such an effect, has been hypothesized to improve stimulus discrimination by decorrelating responses across a set of neural units. While a central theoretical model, behavioral and neural evidence for this theory is limited and inconclusive. Here, we use a parametric 3D shape-space to test whether adaptation decorrelates shape representations in humans. In a behavioral experiment with 20 subjects, we find that adaptation to a shape class improves discrimination of subsequently presented stimuli with similar features. In a BOLD fMRI experiment with 10 subjects, we observe that adaptation to a shape class decorrelates the multivariate representations of subsequently presented stimuli with similar features in object-selective cortex. These results support the long-standing proposal that adaptation improves perceptual discrimination and decorrelates neural representations, offering insights into potential underlying mechanisms.
Dietary niches of terrestrial cercopithecines from the Plio-Pleistocene Shungura Formation, Ethiopia: evidence from Dental Microwear Texture Analysis
Authors: Martin Florian , Plastiras Chris-Alexander , Merceron Gildas , Souron Antoine , Boisserie Jean-Renaud 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aims to explore the feeding ecology of two terrestrial papionins,PapioandTheropithecusfrom the Shungura Formation in Ethiopia, the most complete stratigraphic and paleontological record of the African Plio-Pleistocene. Two aspects were evaluated using Dental Microwear Texture Analysis: differences in diet between the extinct genera and their extant relatives, and any potential dietary fluctuations over time. Amongst more than 2,500 cercopithecid dental remains, 154Theropithecusmolars and 60Papiomolars were considered. Thirty-nine extant wild baboons and 20 wild geladas were also considered. The results show that diets of extinct monkeys from Member G already differed between genera as it is the case for their extant representatives. The shearing facets on theTheropithecusmolars display significant variations in microwear textures, suggesting several dietary shifts over time. Two events point to higher intakes of herbaceous monocots (tougher than dicots foliages), at about 2.91 Ma (between members B and C) and at 2.32 Ma (between members E and F). These two events are separated by an inverse trend at about 2.53 Ma (between members C and D). Some of these variations, such as between members E and F are supported by the enamel carbon isotopic composition of herbivorous mammals and with paleovegetation evidence.
Mantle Cloaks Based on the Frequency Selective Metasurfaces Designed by Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Qin F. F. , Liu Z. Z. , Zhang Q. , Zhang H. , Xiao J. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe propose a full optimization procedure for designing mantle cloaks enclosing arbitrary objects, using sub-wavelength conformal frequency selective surface (FSS). Rely on the scattering cancellation principle of mantle cloak characterized by an average surface reactance, a personal computer can achieve this design procedure. By combing a Bayesian optimization (BO) with an electromagnetic solver, we can automatically find the optimal parameters of a conformal mantle cloak which can nearly cancel the scattering from the enclosed objects. It is shown that the results obtained by our method coincide with those from a rigorous analytical model and the numerical results by full parametric scanning. The proposed methodology opens up a new route for realizing ultra-wideband illusion scattering of electromagnetic wave, which is important for stealth and microwave applications.
Arthroscopy Assisted Reduction Percutaneous Internal Fixation versus Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Low Energy Tibia Plateau Fractures
Authors: Wang Yiyang , Wang Jianping , Tang Jun , Zhou Feiya , Yang Lei , Wu Jianbin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to compare the curative effect of two surgical methods for Schatzker type I to III tibia plateau fractures, arthroscopy assisted reduction percutaneous internal fixation (ARIF) and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), with the intent of evaluating the quality of evidence to assist treatment selection. Searches of PubMed, Cochrane and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing ARIF and ORIF regarding the following outcomes: functional outcomes, perioperative complications and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Odds ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences (MDs) were pooled using either a fixed-effects model or random-effects model, depending on the heterogeneity of the trials included in the analysis. 19 RCTs and one quasi-RCT provided the data from 1272 patients. ARIF was associated with better functional outcomes, a lower risk of perioperative complications, and lower risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. After consideration of the quality of evidence of the included studies, the advantages provided by ARIF are not substantive over ORIF for the treatment of Schatzker type I to III tibia plateau fractures, except reducing the risk of perioperative complications.
Effects of incorporation of granule-lyophilised platelet-rich fibrin into polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel on wound healing
Authors: Xu Fangfang , Zou Dehui , Dai Taiqiang , Xu HaiYan , An Ran , Liu Yanpu , Liu Bin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDressings are commonly used to treat skin wounds. In this study, we aimed to develop a new scaffold composed of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel containing granule-lyophilised platelet-rich fibrin (G-L-PRF) as a dressing. G-L-PRF was prepared by freeze-drying and was then incorporated into PVA hydrogel by freezing-thawing. Notably, the mechanical strength and degradation rate of the scaffold were found to be related to G-L-PRF concentrations, reaching 6.451 × 10−2 MPa and 17–22%, respectively, at a concentration of 1%. However, the strength decreased and the degradation was accelerated when the G-L-PRF concentration was over 1%. The elastic properties and biocompatibility of the scaffold were independent of G-L-PRF concentration, and both showed excellent elasticity and biocompatibility. The release of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-AB was no significant time dependent. Additionally, application of 1% G-L-PRF/PVA to acute full-thickness dorsal skin wounds accelerated wound closure at days 7 and 9. Healing also increased on day 11. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the scaffold enhanced granulation tissue, maturity, collagen deposition, and new vessel formation. These results demonstrated that the prepared G-L-PRF/PVA scaffolds accelerated wound healing in acute full-thickness skin wounds, suggesting potential applications as an ideal wound dressing.
Structural cycle of the Thermus thermophilus PilF ATPase: the powering of type IVa pilus assembly
Authors: Collins Richard , Karuppiah Vijaykumar , Siebert C. Alistair , Dajani Rana , Thistlethwaite Angela , Derrick Jeremy P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractType IV pili are responsible for a diverse range of functions, including twitching motility and cell adhesion. Assembly of the pilus fiber is driven by a cytoplasmic ATPase: it interacts with an inner membrane complex of biogenesis proteins which, in turn, bind to nascent pilin subunits and mediate fiber assembly. Here we report the structural characterization of the PilF TFP assembly ATPase from Thermus thermophilus. The crystal structure of a recombinant C-terminal fragment of PilF revealed bound, unhydrolysed ATP, although the full length complex was enzymatically active. 3D reconstructions were carried out by single particle cryoelectron microscopy for full length apoprotein PilF and in complex with AMPPNP. The structure forms an hourglass-like shape, with the ATPase domains in one half and the N1 domains in the second half which, we propose, interact with the other pilus biogenesis components. Molecular models for both forms were generated: binding of AMPPNP causes an upward shift of the N1 domains towards the ATPase domains of ~8 Å. We advocate a model in which ATP hydrolysis is linked to displacement of the N1 domains which is associated with lifting pilin subunits out of the inner membrane, and provide the activation energy needed to form the pilus fiber.
Interaction of mitochondrial fission factor with dynamin related protein 1 governs physiological mitochondrial function in vivo
Authors: Kornfeld Opher S. , Qvit Nir , Haileselassie Bereketeab , Shamloo Mehrdad , Bernardi Paolo , Mochly-Rosen Daria 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMitochondria form a dynamic network governed by a balance between opposing fission and fusion processes. Because excessive mitochondrial fission correlates with numerous pathologies, including neurodegeneration, the mechanism governing fission has become an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, targeting fission is a double-edged sword as physiological fission is necessary for mitochondrial function. Fission is trigged by Drp1 anchoring to adaptors tethered to the outer mitochondrial membrane. We designed peptide P259 that distinguishes physiological from pathological fission by specifically inhibiting Drp1′s interaction with the Mff adaptor. Treatment of cells with P259 elongated mitochondria and disrupted mitochondrial function and motility. Sustained in vivo treatment caused a decline in ATP levels and altered mitochondrial structure in the brain, resulting in behavioral deficits in wild-type mice and a shorter lifespan in a mouse model of Huntington’s disease. Therefore, the Mff-Drp1 interaction is critical for physiological mitochondrial fission, motility, and function in vitro and in vivo. Tools, such as P259, that differentiate physiological from pathological fission will enable the examination of context-dependent roles of Drp1 and the suitability of mitochondrial fission as a target for drug development.
Imaging of human cells exposed to an antifungal antibiotic amphotericin B reveals the mechanisms associated with the drug toxicity and cell defence
Authors: Grela Ewa , Piet Mateusz , Luchowski Rafal , Grudzinski Wojciech , Paduch Roman , Gruszecki Wieslaw I. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAmphotericin B is an antibiotic used in pharmacotherapy of life-threatening mycotic infections. Unfortunately, the applicability of this antibiotic is associated with highly toxic side effects. In order to understand molecular mechanisms underlying toxicity of amphotericin B to patients, two cell lines, human normal colon epithelial cells (CCD 841 CoTr) and human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) were cultured in the presence of the drug and imaged with the application of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and Raman scattering microscopy. The results of the cell viability assays confirm high toxicity of amphotericin B towards human cells. The images recorded demonstrate effective binding of amphotericin B to biomembranes. Analysis of the images reveals the operation of a defence mechanism based upon the elimination of molecules of the drug from living cells via formation of small amphotericin B-containing lipid vesicles. The fact that exosomes formed are devoid of cholesterol, as concluded on the basis of the results of Raman analysis, suggests that sequestration of sterols from the lipid phase of biomembranes is not a sole mechanism responsible for the toxic side effects of amphotericin B. Alternatively, the results imply that molecules of the drug present directly within the hydrophobic membrane core disturb the lipid membrane structure and affect their biological functions.
Effect of Electromagnetic Stimulation of Amaranth Seeds of Different Initial Moisture on the Germination Parameters and Photosynthetic Pigments Content
Authors: Kornarzyński Krzysztof , Dziwulska-Hunek Agata , Kornarzyńska-Gregorowicz Agnieszka , Sujak Agnieszka 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe influence of stimulation with He-Ne laser light, alternating magnetic field and the combination of these factors on germination parameters of amaranth seeds and on the chlorophyll and carotenoid content in seedlings was investigated. During the stimulation the amaranth seeds had a different initial moisture content. From the germination characteristics of the seeds as the function of humidity, three maxima and one minimum value of the germination parameters (the relative germination capacity NK REL, the relative maximum germination rate SK MAX REL and the maximum germination index WK MAX) were obtained. In the majority of cases, the extremities coincided with the changes in the chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the seedlings. The presented research is innovative in the field of seed biology since no similar studies have been conducted before. It is difficult to interpret the results referring to the literature on this subject. The results can be explained as follows: the observed effect must be related to the stages of the water uptake by the seeds. The three stages of the water uptake associated with the seed germination process coincide with the maximum values in the germination parameters and with the change in the photosynthetic pigment content in seedlings.