bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antera 3D capabilities for pore measurements
Authors: Messaraa C. , Metois A. , Walsh M. , Flynn J. , Doyle L. , Robertson N. , Mansfield A. , O'Connor C. , Mavon A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe cause of enlarged pores remains obscure but still remains of concern for women. To complement subjective methods, bioengineered methods are needed for quantification of pores visibility following treatments. The study objective was to demonstrate the suitability of pore measurements from the Antera 3D.Material and methodsPore measurements were collected on 22 female volunteers aged 18‐65 years with the Antera 3D, the DermaTOP and image analysis on photographs. Additionally, 4 raters graded pore size on photographs on a scale 0‐5. Repeatability of Antera 3D parameters was ascertained and the benefit of a pore minimizer product on the cheek was assessed on a sub panel of seven female volunteers.ResultsPore parameters using the Antera were shown to depict pore severity similar to raters on photographs, except for Max Depth. Mean pore volume, mean pore area and count were moderately correlated with DermaTOP parameters (up to r = .50). No relationship was seen between the Antera 3D and pore visibility analysis on photographs. The most repeatable parameters were found to be mean pore volume, mean pore area and max depth, especially for the small and medium filters. The benefits of a pore minimizer product were the most striking for mean pore volume and mean pore area when using the small filter for analysis, rather than the medium/large ones.ConclusionPore measurements with the Antera 3D represent a reliable tool for efficacy and field studies, with an emphasis of the small filter for analysis for the mean pore volume/mean pore area parameters.
Advancing New Testament interpretation through spatio‐temporal analysis: Demonstrated by case studies
Authors: van Altena Vincent , Bakker Henk , Stoter Jantien 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article explores, via three case studies, how spatio‐temporal analysis can advance New Testament text interpretation. Acts 2, verse 9 to 11 is the text of study. Case study 1 applies network analysis to data representing the Roman road network constrained by parameters valid for ancient times. This analysis provided new information on the background of people attending a festival in Jerusalem. Case study 2 located geographical entities from the text in a cartographic visualization and provided supportive information to compare contemporary textual resources. For the disciplines of textual and conjectural criticism (case study 3), spatio‐temporal analysis opens a new window to study what would be the most probable variant of the original text. The case study puts emendations that have been proposed over centuries in a 3D spatial context and provides in this way a sophisticated tool to relate different alternative variants of a specific text. From the case studies, it can be concluded that spatializing, visualizing, and spatially analyzing geographical concepts from the texts in Acts 2 contributes to the field of New Testament interpretation. Further work will elaborate on the findings.
Trying Cognitivism: A Defence of the Strong Belief Thesis
Authors: Archer Avery 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAccording to theStrong Belief Thesis(SBT), intending toXentails the belief that one willX. John Brunero has attempted to impugn SBT by arguing that there are cases in which an agent intends toXbut is unsure that she willX. Moreover, he claims that the standard reply to such putative counterexamples to SBT – namely, to claim that the unsure agent merely has an intention to try – comes at a high price. Specifically, it prevents SBT from playing the kind of explanatory role the cognitivist requires. This article meets Brunero's challenge to SBT by offering an account of trying and intending to try that not only saves SBT from Brunero's criticism, but does so in a way that preserves the explanatory significance that cognitivists typically take SBT to have.
Evidence of Powassan/deer tick virus in adult black‐legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) recovered from hunter‐harvested white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Pennsylvania: A public health perspective
Authors: Campagnolo E. R. , Tewari D. , Farone T. S. , Livengood J. L. , Mason K. L. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryStudies reporting tick infection rates for Powassan virus (POWV), an emerging zoonotic arthropod‐borne pathogen responsible for POWV disease in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, are limited. To determine the presence and ascertain a statewide prevalence of POWV, ticks were collected from 9,912 hunter‐harvested white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) heads presented to six regional Pennsylvania Game Commission Chronic Wasting Disease sampling stations in early December of 2013, 2014 and 2015. Of the 2,973 ticks recovered, 1,990 (66.9%) were identified as adult Ixodes scapularis (black‐legged tick). The 1,990 I. scapularis ticks were PCR‐tested for the presence of POWV. The ticks had a statewide Powassan/deer tick virus infection rate of 0.05%, providing evidence of this pathogen in Pennsylvania's adult I. scapularis ticks and supporting the need for more comprehensive pathogen prevalence assessment strategies, as well as increased public health awareness for this emerging zoonotic arthropod‐borne pathogen of public health concern.
Functional decoupling of melatonin suppression and circadian phase resetting in humans
Authors: Rahman Shadab A. , St Hilaire Melissa A. , Gronfier Claude , Chang Anne‐Marie , Santhi Nayantara , Czeisler Charles A. , Klerman Elizabeth B. , Lockley Steven W. 
Published: April 2018

Key points
There is assumed to be a monotonic association between melatonin suppression and circadian phase resetting induced by light exposure.
We tested the association between melatonin suppression and phase resetting in humans.
Sixteen young healthy participants received nocturnal bright light (∼9500 lux) exposure of continuous or intermittent patterns, and different durations ranging from 12 min to 6.5 h.
Intermittent exposure patterns showed significant phase shifts with disproportionately less melatonin suppression.
Each and every bright light stimulus in an intermittent exposure pattern induced a similar degree of melatonin suppression, but did not appear to cause an equal magnitude of phase shift.
These results suggest that phase shifts and melatonin suppression are functionally independent such that one cannot be used as a proxy measure of the other.
AbstractContinuous experimental light exposures show that, in general, the conditions that produce greater melatonin suppression also produce greater phase shift, leading to the assumption that one can be used as a proxy for the other. We tested this association in 16 healthy individuals who participated in a 9‐day inpatient protocol by assessing melatonin suppression and phase resetting in response to a nocturnal light exposure (LE) of different patterns: (i) dim‐light control (<3 lux; n = 6) or (ii) two 12‐min intermittent bright light pulses (IBL) separated by 36 min of darkness (∼9500 lux; n = 10). We compared these results with historical data from additional LE patterns: (i) dim‐light control (<3 lux; n = 11); (ii) single continuous bright light exposure of 12 min (n = 9), 1.0 h (n = 10) or 6.5 h (n = 6); or (iii) an IBL light pattern consisting of six 15‐min pulses with 1.0 h dim‐light recovery intervals between them during a total of 6.5 h (n = 7). All light exposure groups had significantly greater phase‐delay shifts than the dim‐light control condition (P < 0.0001). While a monotonic association between melatonin suppression and circadian phase shift was observed, intermittent exposure patterns showed significant phase shifts with disproportionately less melatonin suppression. Each and every IBL stimulus induced a similar degree of melatonin suppression, but did not appear to cause an equal magnitude of phase shift. These results suggest unique specificities in how light‐induced phase shifts and melatonin suppression are mediated such that one cannot be used as a proxy measure of the other.
Intestinal absorption of glucose in mice as determined by positron emission tomography
Authors: Sala‐Rabanal Monica , Ghezzi Chiara , Hirayama Bruce A. , Kepe Vladimir , Liu Jie , Barrio Jorge R. , Wright Ernest M. 
Published: April 2018

Key Points
The goal was to determine the importance of the sodium–glucose cotransporter SGLT1 and the glucose uniporter GLUT2 in intestinal glucose absorption during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in mice.
Glucose absorption was determined in mice using positron emission tomography and three non‐metabolizable glucose probes: one specific for SGLTs, one specific for GLUTs, and one a substrate for both SGLTs and GLUTs.
Absorption was determined in wild‐type, Sglt1−/− and Glut2−/− mice.
Gastric emptying was a rate‐limiting step in absorption.
SGLT1, but not GLUT2, was important in fast glucose absorption.
In the absence of SGLT1 or GLUT2, the oral glucose load delivered to the small intestine was slowly absorbed.
Oral phlorizin only inhibited the fast component of glucose absorption, but it contributed to decreasing blood glucose levels by inhibiting renal reabsorption.
AbstractThe current model of intestinal absorption is that SGLT1 is responsible for transport of glucose from the lumen into enterocytes across the brush border membrane, and GLUT2 for the downhill transport from the epithelium into blood across the basolateral membrane. Nevertheless, questions remain about the importance of these transporters in vivo. To address these questions, we have developed a non‐invasive imaging method, positron emission tomography (PET), to monitor intestinal absorption of three non‐metabolized glucose tracers during standard oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in mice. One tracer is specific for SGLTs (α‐methyl‐4‐[18F]fluoro‐4‐deoxy‐d‐glucopyranoside; Me‐4FDG), one is specific for GLUTs (2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐d‐glucose; 2‐FDG), and one is a substrate for both SGLTs and GLUTs (4‐deoxy‐4‐[18F]fluoro‐d‐glucose; 4‐FDG). OGTTs were conducted on adult wild‐type, Sglt1−/− and Glut2−/− mice. In conscious mice, OGTTs resulted in the predictable increase in blood glucose that was blocked by phlorizin in both wild‐type and Glut2−/− animals. The blood activity of both Me‐4FDG and 4‐FDG, but not 2‐FDG, accompanied the changes in glucose concentration. PET imaging during OGTTs further shows that: (i) intestinal absorption of the glucose load depends on gastric emptying; (ii) SGLT1 is important for the fast absorption; (iii) GLUT2 is not important in absorption; and (iv) oral phlorizin reduces absorption by SGLT1, but is absorbed and blocks glucose reabsorption in the kidney. We conclude that in standard OGTTs in mice, SGLT1 is essential in fast absorption, GLUT2 does not play a significant role, and in the absence of SGLT1 the total load of glucose is slowly absorbed.
Metacognitions and Mindfulness in Athletes: An Investigation on the Determinants of Flow
Authors: Love Steven , Kannis-Dymand Lee , Lovell Geoff P. 
Published: May 2018

This study investigated triathletes’ metacognitions and mindfulness traits (N = 232) measured prior to competition, and flow (N = 63), post competition. The primary aim was to investigate whether metacognitions (measured by the Metacognitions Questionnaire) would associate with mindfulness facets (measured by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire – Short Form), and metacognitions would also predict flow scores (measured by the Short Flow State Scale), over and above mindfulness facets. Regression analyses showed that metacognitions individually predicted mindfulness facets. A hierarchical regression showed that positive beliefs about worry negatively predicted flow, while a lack of cognitive confidence, beliefs about the need for thought control and acting with awareness positively predicted flow. These findings indicate that a) metacognitive beliefs are influential to cognitive predispositions, b) typically dysfunctional metacognitions may play a different role in competitive environments, and c) metacognitions may play a more important role in the occurrence of flow, than mindfulness.
The Novel Phage-Derived Antimicrobial Agent HY-133 Is Active against Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kaspar Ursula , de Haro Sautto Jorge A. , Molinaro Sonja , Peters Georg , Idelevich Evgeny A. , Becker Karsten 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(LA-MRSA) isolates are increasingly migrating from livestock into human and animal health care settings. Alternative substances are needed to overcome the drawbacks of currently available drugs used for MRSA eradication. The recombinant bacteriophage endolysin HY-133 has proved to be an active agent against
S. aureus
. Here, the
in vitro
activity of HY-133 was studied against a large collection of genetically diverse LA-MRSA isolates revealing its high activity against
mecA
-,
mecB
-, and
mecC
-positive LA-MRSA.
Roles of Alanine Dehydrogenase and Induction of Its Gene in Mycobacterium smegmatis under Respiration-Inhibitory Conditions
Authors: Jeong Ji-A , Park Sae Woong , Yoon Dahae , Kim Suhkmann , Kang Ho-Young , Oh Jeong-Il 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Here we demonstrated that the inhibition of electron flux through the respiratory electron transport chain (ETC) by either the disruption of the gene for the major terminal oxidase (
aa
3
cytochrome
c
oxidase) or treatment with KCN resulted in the induction of
ald
encoding alanine dehydrogenase in
Mycobacterium smegmatis
. A decrease in functionality of the ETC shifts the redox state of the NADH/NAD
+
pool toward a more reduced state, which in turn leads to an increase in cellular levels of alanine by Ald catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate to alanine with the concomitant oxidation of NADH to NAD
+
. The induction of
ald
expression under respiration-inhibitory conditions in
M. smegmatis
is mediated by the alanine-responsive AldR transcriptional regulator. The growth defect of
M. smegmatis
by respiration inhibition was exacerbated by inactivation of the
ald
gene, suggesting that Ald is beneficial to
M. smegmatis
in its adaptation and survival under respiration-inhibitory conditions by maintaining NADH/NAD
+
homeostasis. The low susceptibility of
M. smegmatis
to
bcc
1
complex inhibitors appears to be, at least in part, attributable to the high expression level of the
bd
quinol oxidase in
M. smegmatis
when the
bcc
1
-
aa
3
branch of the ETC is inactivated.

IMPORTANCE
We demonstrated that the functionality of the respiratory electron transport chain is inversely related to the expression level of the
ald
gene encoding alanine dehydrogenase in
Mycobacterium smegmatis
. Furthermore, the importance of Ald in NADH/NAD
+
homeostasis during the adaptation of
M. smegmatis
to severe respiration-inhibitory conditions was demonstrated in this study. On the basis of these results, we propose that combinatory regimens including both an Ald-specific inhibitor and respiration-inhibitory antitubercular drugs such as Q203 and bedaquiline are likely to enable a more efficient therapy for tuberculosis.
Light–moderate alcohol consumption and left ventricular function among healthy, middle-aged adults: the HUNT study
Authors: Gémes Katalin , Janszky Imre , Strand Linn Beate , László Krisztina D , Ahnve Staffan , Vatten Lars J , Dalen Håvard , Mukamal Kenneth J 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between alcohol consumption and left ventricular (LV) function in a population with low average alcohol intake.Design, setting and participantsA total of 1296 healthy participants, free from cardiovascular diseases, were randomly selected from the third wave of the Norwegian HUNT study (2006–2008) and underwent echocardiography. After validation of the inclusion criteria, 30 participants were excluded due to arrhythmias or myocardial or valvular pathology. Alcohol consumption, sociodemographic and major cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by questionnaires and clinical examination in the HUNT3. General linear models were used to analyse the cross-sectional associations between alcohol intake and LV indices.Primary and secondary outcome measuresLV functional and structural indices were measured with tissue Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography.ResultsWe observed no associations between alcohol consumption and multivariable-adjusted LV functional indices. Excluding abstainers who reported regular alcohol consumption 10 years prior to the baseline did not change the results. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with LV mass indices (p<0.01 for linear trend of the means); there was no such association among participants with non-risky drinking characteristics (p=0.67 for linear trend of the means).ConclusionsWe found no clear evidence that light–moderate alcohol consumption is associated with measures of LV function, although our results indicate that consumption, especially when marked by binge drinking, is progressively associated with greater LV mass.
Dietary intake and age at natural menopause: results from the UK Women’s Cohort Study
Authors: Dunneram Yashvee , Greenwood Darren Charles , Burley Victoria J , Cade Janet E 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundAge at natural menopause is a matter of concern for women of reproductive age as both an early or late menopause may have implications for health outcomes.MethodsStudy participants were women aged 40–65 years who had experienced a natural menopause from the UK Women’s Cohort Study between baseline and first follow-up. Natural menopause was defined as the permanent cessation of menstrual periods for at least 12 consecutive months. A food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate diet at baseline. Reproductive history of participants was also recorded. Regression modelling, adjusting for confounders, was used to assess associations between diet and age at natural menopause.ResultsDuring the 4-year follow-up period, 914 women experienced a natural menopause. A high intake of oily fish and fresh legumes were associated with delayed onset of natural menopause by 3.3 years per portion/day (99% CI 0.8 to 5.8) and 0.9 years per portion/day (99% CI 0.0 to 1.8), respectively. Refined pasta and rice was associated with earlier menopause (per portion/day: −1.5 years, 99% CI −2.8 to −0.2). A higher intake of vitamin B6 (per mg/day: 0.6 years, 99% CI 0.1 to 1.2) and zinc (per mg/day: 0.3 years, 99% CI −0.0 to 0.6) was also associated with later age at menopause. Stratification by age at baseline led to attenuated results.ConclusionOur results suggest that some food groups (oily fish, fresh legumes, refined pasta and rice) and specific nutrients are individually predictive of age at natural menopause.
Soluble organic nitrogen in potentially mineralizable N assays: are we missing an important component?
Authors: Dessureault-Rompré J. , Burton D.L. , Zebarth B.J. 
Published: April 2018

We examined soluble organic nitrogen (SON) leached from long-term, sequentially leached, aerobic incubations. Leached SON, present in all depths (0–60 cm), ranged from 35% to 56% of total nitrogen (N). This unaccounted-for SON may have important implications in the estimation of plant available N and the potential for environmental N losses.
Further Insights on Drawing Sound Conclusions from Noisy Judgments
Authors: Goldberg David , Trotman Andrew , Wang Xiao , Min Wei , Wan Zongru 
Published: April 2018

The effectiveness of a search engine is typically evaluated using hand-labeled datasets, where the labels indicate the relevance of documents to queries. Often the number of labels needed is too large to be created by the best annotators, and so less expensive labels (e.g., from crowdsourcing) are used. This introduces errors in the labels, and thus errors in standard effectiveness metrics (such as P@k and DCG). These errors must be taken into consideration when using the metrics. Previous work has approached assessor error by taking aggregates over multiple inexpensive assessors. We take a different approach and introduce equations and algorithms that can adjust the metrics to the values they would have had if there were no annotation errors.
This is especially important when two search engines are compared on their metrics. We give examples where one engine appeared to be statistically significantly better than the other, but the effect disappeared after the metrics were corrected for annotation error. In other words, the evidence supporting a statistical difference was illusory and caused by a failure to account for annotation error.
Towards a Rigorous Methodology for Measuring Adoption of RPKI Route Validation and Filtering
Authors: Reuter Andreas , Bush Randy , Cunha Italo , Katz-Bassett Ethan , Schmidt Thomas C. , Wählisch Matthias 
Published: April 2018

A proposal to improve routing security---Route Origin Authorization (ROA)---has been standardized. A ROA specifies which network is allowed to announce a set of Internet destinations. While some networks now specify ROAs, little is known about whether other networks check routes they receive against these ROAs, a process known as Route Origin Validation (ROV). Which networks blindly accept invalid routes? Which reject them outright? Which de-preference them if alternatives exist?
Recent analysis attempts to use uncontrolled experiments to characterize ROV adoption by comparing valid routes and invalid routes. However, we argue that gaining a solid understanding of ROV adoption is impossible using currently available data sets and techniques. Instead, we devise a verifiable methodology of controlled experiments for measuring ROV. Our measurements suggest that, although some ISPs are not observed using invalid routes in uncontrolled experiments, they are actually using different routes for (non-security) traffic engineering purposes, without performing ROV. We conclude with presenting three AS that do implement ROV as confirmed by the operators.