bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMT1 inhibition modulates breast cancer progression through stress-triggered JNK pathway
Authors: Deng Lu , Gao Xinlei , Liu Bingjie , He Xueyan , Xu Jiahui , Qiang Jiankun , Wu Qingfa , Liu Suling 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMyristoylation is one of key post-translational modifications that involved in signal transduction, cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. Increasing evidence demonstrates that targeting myristoylation might provide a new strategy for eliminating cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms are still yielded unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that genetic inhibition of N-myristoyltransferase NMT1 suppressed initiation, proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells either in vitro or in vivo. We identified ROS could negatively regulate NMT1 expression and NMT1 knockdown conversely promoted oxidative stress, which formed a feedback loop. Furthermore, inhibition of NMT1 caused degraded proteins increase and ER stress, which cross-talked with mitochondria to produce more ROS. And both of oxidative stress and ER stress could activate JNK pathway, leading to autophagy which abrogated breast cancer progression especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These studies provide a preclinical proof of concept for targeting NMT1 as a strategy to treat breast cancer.
Air quality co-benefits for human health and agriculture counterbalance costs to meet Paris Agreement pledges
Authors: Vandyck Toon , Keramidas Kimon , Kitous Alban , Spadaro Joseph V. , Van Dingenen Rita , Holland Mike , Saveyn Bert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLocal air quality co-benefits can provide complementary support for ambitious climate action and can enable progress on related Sustainable Development Goals. Here we show that the transformation of the energy system implied by the emission reduction pledges brought forward in the context of the Paris Agreement on climate change (Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs) substantially reduces local air pollution across the globe. The NDCs could avoid between 71 and 99 thousand premature deaths annually in 2030 compared to a reference case, depending on the stringency of direct air pollution controls. A more ambitious 2 °C-compatible pathway raises the number of avoided premature deaths from air pollution to 178–346 thousand annually in 2030, and up to 0.7–1.5 million in the year 2050. Air quality co-benefits on morbidity, mortality, and agriculture could globally offset the costs of climate policy. An integrated policy perspective is needed to maximise benefits for climate and health.
An oviduct-on-a-chip provides an enhanced in vitro environment for zygote genome reprogramming
Authors: Ferraz Marcia A. M. M. , Rho Hoon Suk , Hemerich Daiane , Henning Heiko H. W. , van Tol Helena T. A. , Hölker Michael , Besenfelder Urban , Mokry Michal , Vos Peter L. A. M. , Stout Tom A. E. , Le Gac Séverine , Gadella Bart M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWorldwide over 5 million children have been conceived using assisted reproductive technology, and research has concentrated on increasing the likelihood of ongoing pregnancy. However, studies using animal models have indicated undesirable effects of in vitro embryo culture on offspring development and health. In vivo, the oviduct hosts a period in which the early embryo undergoes complete reprogramming of its (epi)genome in preparation for the reacquisition of (epi)genetic marks. We designed an oviduct-on-a-chip platform to better investigate the mechanisms related to (epi)genetic reprogramming and the degree to which they differ between in vitro and in vivo embryos. The device supports more physiological (in vivo-like) zygote genetic reprogramming than conventional IVF. This approach will be instrumental in identifying and investigating factors critical to fertilization and pre-implantation development, which could improve the quality and (epi)genetic integrity of IVF zygotes with likely relevance for early embryonic and later fetal development.
Encryption and steganography of synthetic gene circuits
Authors: Purcell Oliver , Wang Jerry , Siuti Piro , Lu Timothy K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSynthetic biologists use artificial gene circuits to control and engineer living cells. As engineered cells become increasingly commercialized, it will be desirable to protect the intellectual property contained in these circuits. Here, we introduce strategies to hide the design of synthetic gene circuits, making it more difficult for an unauthorized third party to determine circuit structure and function. We present two different approaches: the first uses encryption by overlapping uni-directional recombinase sites to scramble circuit topology and the second uses steganography by adding genes and interconnections to obscure circuit topology. We also discuss a third approach: to use synthetic genetic codes to mask the function of synthetic circuits. For each approach, we discuss relative strengths, weaknesses, and practicality of implementation, with the goal to inspire further research into this important and emerging area.
Microwave emission from superconducting vortices in Mo/Si superlattices
Authors: Dobrovolskiy O. V. , Bevz V. M. , Mikhailov M. Yu. , Yuzephovich O. I. , Shklovskij V. A. , Vovk R. V. , Tsindlekht M. I. , Sachser R. , Huth M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMost of superconductors in a magnetic field are penetrated by a lattice of quantized flux vortices. In the presence of a transport current causing the vortices to cross sample edges, emission of electromagnetic waves is expected due to the continuity of tangential components of the fields at the surface. Yet, such a radiation has not been observed so far due to low radiated power levels and lacking coherence in the vortex motion. Here, we clearly evidence the emission of electromagnetic waves from vortices crossing the layers of a superconductor/insulator Mo/Si superlattice. The emission spectra consist of narrow harmonically related peaks which can be finely tuned in the GHz range by the dc bias current and, coarsely, by the in-plane magnetic field value. Our findings show that superconductor/insulator superlattices can act as dc-tunable microwave generators bridging the frequency gap between conventional radiofrequency oscillators and (sub-)terahertz generators relying upon the Josephson effect.
Coral-associated bacteria demonstrate phylosymbiosis and cophylogeny
Authors: Pollock F. Joseph , McMinds Ryan , Smith Styles , Bourne David G. , Willis Bette L. , Medina Mónica , Thurber Rebecca Vega , Zaneveld Jesse R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractScleractinian corals’ microbial symbionts influence host health, yet how coral microbiomes assembled over evolution is not well understood. We survey bacterial and archaeal communities in phylogenetically diverse Australian corals representing more than 425 million years of diversification. We show that coral microbiomes are anatomically compartmentalized in both modern microbial ecology and evolutionary assembly. Coral mucus, tissue, and skeleton microbiomes differ in microbial community composition, richness, and response to host vs. environmental drivers. We also find evidence of coral-microbe phylosymbiosis, in which coral microbiome composition and richness reflect coral phylogeny. Surprisingly, the coral skeleton represents the most biodiverse coral microbiome, and also shows the strongest evidence of phylosymbiosis. Interactions between bacterial and coral phylogeny significantly influence the abundance of four groups of bacteria–including Endozoicomonas-like bacteria, which divide into host-generalist and host-specific subclades. Together these results trace microbial symbiosis across anatomy during the evolution of a basal animal lineage.
Deep-subwavelength control of acoustic waves in an ultra-compact metasurface lens
Authors: Chen Jian , Xiao Jing , Lisevych Danylo , Shakouri Amir , Fan Zheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpace-coiling acoustic metasurfaces have been largely exploited and shown their outstanding wave manipulation capacity. However, they are complex in realization and cannot directly manipulate acoustic near-fields by controlling the effective path length. Here, we propose a comprehensive paradigm for acoustic metasurfaces to extend the wave manipulations to both far- and near-fields and markedly reduce the implementation complexity with a simple structure, which consists of an array of deep-subwavelength-spaced slits perforated in a thin plate. A semi-analytical approach for such a design is established using a microscopic coupled-wave model, which reveals that the acoustic diffractive pattern at every slit exit is the sum of the initial transmission and the secondary scatterings of the coupled fields from other slits. For proof-of-concept, we examine two metasurface lenses for sound focusing within and beyond the diffraction limit. This work provides a feasible strategy for creating ultra-compact acoustic components with versatile potentials.
Visible light-promoted CO2 fixation with imines to synthesize diaryl α-amino acids
Authors: Fan Xinyuan , Gong Xu , Ma Mengyue , Wang Rui , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLight-mediated transformations with CO2 have recently attracted great attention, with the focus on CO2 incorporation into C–C double and triple bonds, organohalides and amines. Herein is demonstrated visible light -mediated umpolung imine reactivity capable of engaging CO2 to afford α-amino acid derivatives. By employing benzophenone ketimine derivatives, CO2 fixation by hydrocarboxylation of C=N double bonds is achieved. Good to excellent yields of a broad range of α,α–disubstituted α-amino acid derivatives are obtained under mild conditions (rt, atmospheric pressure of CO2, visible light). A procedure that avoids tedious chromatographic purification and uses sustainable sunlight is developed to highlight the simplicity of this method.
Machine learning analysis of extreme events in optical fibre modulation instability
Authors: Närhi Mikko , Salmela Lauri , Toivonen Juha , Billet Cyril , Dudley John M. , Genty Goëry 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA central research area in nonlinear science is the study of instabilities that drive extreme events. Unfortunately, techniques for measuring such phenomena often provide only partial characterisation. For example, real-time studies of instabilities in nonlinear optics frequently use only spectral data, limiting knowledge of associated temporal properties. Here, we show how machine learning can overcome this restriction to study time-domain properties of optical fibre modulation instability based only on spectral intensity measurements. Specifically, a supervised neural network is trained to correlate the spectral and temporal properties of modulation instability using simulations, and then applied to analyse high dynamic range experimental spectra to yield the probability distribution for the highest temporal peaks in the instability field. We also use unsupervised learning to classify noisy modulation instability spectra into subsets associated with distinct temporal dynamic structures. These results open novel perspectives in all systems exhibiting instability where direct time-domain observations are difficult.
Frequency-dependent decoupling of domain-wall motion and lattice strain in bismuth ferrite
Authors: Liu Lisha , Rojac Tadej , Damjanovic Dragan , Di Michiel Marco , Daniels John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDynamics of domain walls are among the main features that control strain mechanisms in ferroic materials. Here, we demonstrate that the domain-wall-controlled piezoelectric behaviour in multiferroic BiFeO3 is distinct from that reported in classical ferroelectrics. In situ X-ray diffraction was used to separate the electric-field-induced lattice strain and strain due to displacements of non-180° domain walls in polycrystalline BiFeO3 over a wide frequency range. These piezoelectric strain mechanisms have opposing trends as a function of frequency. The lattice strain increases with increasing frequency, showing negative piezoelectric phase angle (i.e., strain leads the electric field), an unusual feature so far demonstrated only in the total macroscopic piezoelectric response. Domain-wall motion exhibits the opposite behaviour, it decreases in magnitude with increasing frequency, showing more common positive piezoelectric phase angle (i.e., strain lags behind the electric field). Charge redistribution at conducting domain walls, oriented differently in different grain families, is demonstrated to be the cause.
Tunneling time probed by quantum shot noise
Authors: Février Pierre , Gabelli Julien 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn typical metallic tunnel junctions, the tunneling events occur on a femtosecond timescale. An estimation of this time requires current measurements at optical frequencies and remains challenging. However, it has been known for more than 40 years that as soon as the bias voltage exceeds one volt, the junction emits infrared radiation as an electrically driven optical antenna. We demonstrate here that the photon emission results from the fluctuations of the current inside the tunneling barrier. Photon detection is then equivalent to a measurement of the current fluctuations at optical frequencies, allowing to probe the tunneling time. Based on this idea, we perform optical spectroscopy and electronic current fluctuation measurements in the far from equilibrium regime. Our experimental data are in very good agreement with theoretical predictions based on the Landauer Büttiker scattering formalism. By combining the optics and the electronics, we directly estimate the so-called traversal time.
Interconvertible vanadium-seamed hexameric pyrogallol[4]arene nanocapsules
Authors: Su Kongzhao , Wu Mingyan , Yuan Daqiang , Hong Maochun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResearch into stimuli-responsive controlled self-assembly and reversible transformation of molecular architectures has received much attention recently, because it is important to understand and reproduce this natural self-assembly behavior. Here, we report two coordination nanocapsules with variable cavities: a contracted octahedral V24 capsule and an expanded ball-shaped V24 capsule, both of which are constructed from the same number of subcomponents. The assemblies of these two V24 capsules are solvent-controlled, and capable of reversible conversion between contracted and expanded forms via control of the geometries of the metal centers by association and dissociation with axial water molecules. Following such structural interconversions, the magnetic properties are significantly changed. This work not only provides a strategy for the design and preparation of coordination nanocapsules with adaptable cavities, but also a unique example with which to understand the transformation process and their structure-property relationships.
Independence of topological surface state and bulk conductance in three-dimensional topological insulators
Authors: Cai Shu , Guo Jing , Sidorov Vladimir A. , Zhou Yazhou , Wang Honghong , Lin Gongchang , Li Xiaodong , Li Yanchuan , Yang Ke , Li Aiguo , Wu Qi , Hu Jiangping , Kushwaha Satya. K. , Cava Robert J. , Sun Liling 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe archetypical 3D topological insulators Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3, and Sb2Te3 commonly exhibit high bulk conductivities, hindering the characterization of the surface state charge transport. The optimally doped topological insulators Bi2Te2Se and Bi2−xSbxTe2S, however, allow for such characterizations to be made. Here we report an experimental comparison of the conductance for the topological surface and bulk states in Bi2Te2Se and Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S, based on temperature-dependent high-pressure measurements. We find that the surface state conductance at low temperature remains constant in the face of orders of magnitude increase in the bulk state conductance, revealing in a straightforward way that the topological surface states and bulk states are decoupled at low temperatures, consistent with theoretical models, and confirming topological insulators to be an excellent venue for studying charge transport in 2D Dirac electron systems.
North-South Asymmetry in the Geographic Location of Auroral Substorms correlated with Ionospheric Effects
Authors: Liou Kan , Sotirelis Thomas , Mitchell Elizabeth J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEnergetic particles of magnetospheric origin constantly strike the Earth’s upper atmosphere in the polar regions, producing optical emissions known as the aurora. The most spectacular auroral displays are associated with recurrent events called magnetospheric substorms (aka auroral substorms). Substorms are initiated in the nightside magnetosphere on closed magnetic field lines. As a consequence, it is generally thought that auroral substorms should occur in both hemispheres on the same field line (i.e., magnetically conjugated). However, such a hypothesis has not been verified statistically. Here, by analyzing 2659 auroral substorms acquired by the Ultraviolet Imager on board the NASA satellite “Polar”, we have discovered surprising evidence that the averaged location for substorm onsets is not conjugate but shows a geographic preference that cannot be easily explained by current substorm theories. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH) the auroral substorms occur most frequently in Churchill, Canada (~90°W) and Khatanga, Siberia (~100°E), up to three times as often as in Iceland (~22°W). In the Southern Hemisphere (SH), substorms occur more frequently over a location in the Antarctic ocean (~120°E), up to ~4 times more than over the Antarctic Continent. Such a large difference in the longitudinal distribution of north and south onset defies the common belief that substorms in the NH and SH should be magnetically conjugated. A further analysis indicates that these substorm events occurred more frequently when more of the ionosphere was dark. These geographic areas also coincide with regions where the Earth’s magnetic field is largest. These facts suggest that auroral substorms occur more frequently, and perhaps more intensely, when the ionospheric conductivity is lower. With much of the magnetotail energy coming from the solar wind through merging of the interplanetary and Earth’s magnetic field, it is generally thought that the occurrence of substorms is externally controlled by the solar wind and plasma instability in the magnetotail. The present study results provide a strong argument that the ionosphere plays a more active role in the occurrence of substorms.
A link between plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 (PMCA2), estrogen and estrogen receptor α signaling in mechanical pain
Authors: Khariv Veronika , Acioglu Cigdem , Ni Li , Ratnayake Ayomi , Li Lun , Tao Yuan-Xiang , Heary Robert F. , Elkabes Stella 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEarlier studies on genetically modified mice indicated that plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 (PMCA2), a calcium extrusion pump, plays a novel and sex-dependent role in mechanical pain responses: female, but not male, PMCA2+/− mice manifest increased mechanical pain compared to female PMCA2+/+ mice. The goal of the present studies was to determine the contribution of ovarian steroids to the genotype- and sex-dependent manifestation of mechanical pain in PMCA2+/+ versus PMCA2+/− mice. Ovariectomy increased mechanical pain sensitivity and 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement restored it to basal levels in PMCA2+/+ mice, but not in PMCA2+/− littermates. Intrathecal administration of an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist induced ERα signaling in the dorsal horn (DH) of female PMCA2+/+ mice, but was ineffective in PMCA2+/− mice. In male PMCA2+/+ and PMCA2+/− mice, E2 treatment following orchidectomy did not recapitulate the genotype-dependent differential pain responses observed in females and the agonist did not elicit ERα signaling. These findings establish a novel, female-specific link between PMCA2, ERα and mechanical pain. It is postulated that PMCA2 is essential for adequate ERα signaling in the female DH and that impaired ERα signaling in the female PMCA2+/− mice hinders the analgesic effects of E2 leading to increased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli.
Wavelength-optimized Two-Photon Polymerization Using Initiators Based on Multipolar Aminostyryl-1,3,5-triazines
Authors: Tromayer Maximilian , Gruber Peter , Rosspeintner Arnulf , Ajami Aliasghar , Husinsky Wolfgang , Plasser Felix , González Leticia , Vauthey Eric , Ovsianikov Aleksandr , Liska Robert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTwo-photon induced polymerization (2PP) based 3D printing is a powerful microfabrication tool. Specialized two-photon initiators (2PIs) are critical components of the employed photosensitive polymerizable formulations. This work investigates the cooperative enhancement of two-photon absorption cross sections (σ2PA) in a series of 1,3,5-triazine-derivatives bearing 1-3 aminostyryl-donor arms, creating dipolar, quadrupolar and octupolar push-pull systems. The multipolar 2PIs were successfully prepared and characterized, σ2PA were determined using z-scan at 800 nm as well as spectrally resolved two-photon excited fluorescence measurements, and the results were compared to high-level ab initio computations. Modern tunable femtosecond lasers allow 2PP-processing at optimum wavelengths tailored to the absorption behavior of the 2PI. 2PP structuring tests revealed that while performance at 800 nm is similar, at their respective σ2PA-maxima the octupolar triazine-derivative outperforms a well-established ketone-based quadrupolar reference 2PI, with significantly lower fabrication threshold at exceedingly high writing speeds up to 200 mm/s and a broader window for ideal processing parameters.
Pivotal role of bZIPs in amylose biosynthesis by genome survey and transcriptome analysis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mutants
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Mishra Ankita , Sharma Himanshu , Sharma Dixit , Rahim Mohammed Saba , Sharma Monica , Parveen Afsana , Jain Prateek , Verma Shailender Kumar , Rishi Vikas , Roy Joy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStarch makes up 70% of the wheat grain, and is an important source of calories for humans, however, the overconsumption of wheat starch may contribute to nutrition-associated health problems. The challenge is to develop resistant starch including high amylose wheat varieties with health benefits. Adapting advance genomic approaches in EMS-induced mutant lines differing in amylose content, basic leucine zipper (bZIP) regulatory factors that may play role in controlling amylose biosynthesis were identified in wheat. bZIP transcription factors are key regulators of starch biosynthesis genes in rice and maize, but their role in regulating these genes in wheat is poorly understood. A genome-wide survey identified 370 wheat bZIPs, clustered in 11 groups, showing variations in amino acids composition and predicted physicochemical properties. Three approaches namely, whole transcriptome sequencing, qRT-PCR, and correlation analysis in contrasting high and low amylose mutants and their parent line identified 24 candidate bZIP (positive and negative regulators), suggesting bZIPs role in high amylose biosynthesis. bZIPs positive role in high amylose biosynthesis is not known. In silico interactome studies of candidate wheat bZIP homologs in Arabidopsis and rice identified their putative functional role. The identified bZIPs are involved in stress-related pathways, flower and seed development, and starch biosynthesis. An in-depth analysis of molecular mechanism of novel candidate bZIPs may help in raising and improving high amylose wheat varieties.