bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplant Team in Mass Casualties
Authors: Agnes S. , Magalini S.C. , Castagneto M. 
Published: May 2019

The topic of this paper is not only of concern to people interested in transplantation. The organization described stemmed from the experience of the earthquake in southern Italy in 1980, in which physicians of our transplant center participated only as surgeons. We feel that a tranaplant team could be useful in a mass casualty situation with the intent to help in the triage of the seriously injured, select patients with brain death, and transport selected donors to transplant centers.The problem of triage in mass casualties is by itself a difficult and complex ethical and practical issue (1). The first hours after any disaster has occurred are crucial in dividing patients into different categories and in putting them into the care of specialized physicians, according to their primary lesions. Often severely traumatized people are discovered late and do not get the primary intensive assistance which will allow them to stabilize their clinical condition (2).According to the type of disaster, the percentage of head trauma patients varies greatly, reaching its peak in case of earthquakes (approximately 4% of victims died of head trauma), air crashes and building destructions (3). It is reasonable to think that often head trauma is associated with multiple traumas and that in some cases (direct trauma of the most important organs, crush lesions, etc.) this may represent a contraindication to considering the patient as a donor. Generally, however, head trauma with brain death, even associated with different lesions but without metabolic, septic or cardiovascular alterations, must at least be considered for organ donation (4).
Life history, development and behaviour ofEldana saccharinaWalker on sugar-cane in southern Ghana
Authors: Sampson M. A. , Kumar R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFemaleEldana saccharinaWalker was found to lay 327 ± 17.1 eggs within a period of 4 days and required three surfaces to lay eggs which were mainly deposited on the inner side of leaf sheaths fitting tightly on to the sugar-cane stalk. The mated females laid more eggs per female (327.0 ± 17.1) than virgin females (212.3 ± 5.5). The incubation period of the eggs ofE. saccharinawas found to be 5.64 ± 0.01 (5–7) days in the laboratory and 5.82 ± 0.03 (5–7) days in the field. The mean larval duration was 31 days and pre-pupal period lasted 2.05 ± 0.05 days. Larvae were found to exude a brownish liquid from their mouth in the direction of the invading predators. The newly hatched larvae spread out in 1–3 days of hatching. The mean growth ratio of the larval instars was 1.54 ± 0.05. Pupae frequently occurred very close to the exit hole (less than 5 cm) and the pupal period varied from 7 to 13 (9.76 ± 0.05) days. The life cycle ofE. saccharinawas completed in 49 (36–62) days. The pre-oviposition period was 2 days and the female reproductive life lasted 4 days. It takes about 53 days for a succeeding generation to be produced. Adults ofE. saccharinasurvived from 6 to 13 days. Adults reared from field collected larvae snowed a sex ratio of 42:51 which was significantly different from 1:1 in the laboratory bred stock, at the 5% level of probability. A comparison of the life cycle ofE. saccharinapopulations in Ghana and Uganda suggests the existence of two biotypes of the pest.
Occurrence of Coelomomyces indicus, a fungal pathogen of malaria mosquito vector, Anopheles gambiae complex along the Kenya coast
Authors: Otieno W. A. , Odindo M. O. , Sabwa D. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA survey of the natural enemies of the main malaria vector in Kenya, Anopheles gambiae Giles, revealed the occurrence of a fungal pathogen in field populations of mosquito larvae. Light and scanning electron microscopy was used in the examination of sporangia of the fungus in determining its identity as Coelomomyces indicus Iyengar (Order: Blastocladiales; Family: Coelomomycetaceae). The resting sporangia were found in the thoracic and abdominal cavities of the larvae. A mortality of 63% or higher was found to occur among the larvae of A. gambiae in a two season observation along the Kenyan coast. The authors stress the need for more intensified ecological and laboratory studies aimed at developing C. indicus as a biocontrol agent.
The performance of selected rice varieties for relative resistance to stem-borer, Maliarpha separatella (Rag.), attack under field conditions
Authors: Malinga Y. W. K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe relative resistance of rice varieties to Maliarpha separatella was studied during 1981 and 1982 long rain seasons. The observations covered the laying of egg masses, tiller infestation, incidence of “whiteheads” and, in some cases, the grain yield.The results indicated that the varieties BG 34™8 and BG 90™2 received the highest egg masses per plot which apparently caused “whiteheads”. The remaining 10 varieties only indicated moderate response. The 1982 long rain season under no control and carbofuran 5G application regimes showed reduced tiller infestation only in BG 90™2 and Basmati 217. The five tested varieties did not show any marked difference in tiller infestation under the two regimes. Hence, BG 90™2 and Basmati 217 showed some susceptibility of M. separatella, while the rest of the varieties remained moderately resistant.Moth population varied according to the growth stages of the rice crop in the field, with the peak occurring during the booting to maturation stages.
Comprehensive Assessment of Models and Events Using Library Tools (CAMEL) Framework: Time Series Comparisons
Authors: Rastätter Lutz , Wiegand Chiu P. , Mullinix Richard E. , MacNeice Peter J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Comprehensive Assessment of Models and Events using Library Tools (CAMEL) framework leverages existing Community Coordinated Modeling Center services: Run‐on‐Request postprocessing tools that generate model time series outputs and the new Community Coordinated Modeling Center Metadata Registry that describes simulation runs using Space Physics Archive Search and Extract metadata. The new CAMEL visualization tool compares the modeled time series with observational data and computes a suite of skill scores such as Prediction Efficiency, Root‐Mean‐Square Error, and Symmetric Signed Percentage Bias. Model‐data pairs used for skill calculations are obtained considering a user‐selected maximum difference between the time of observation and the nearest model output. The system renders available data for all locations and time periods selected using interactive visualizations that allow the user to zoom, pan, and pick data values along traces. Skill scores are reported for each selected event or aggregated over all events for all participating model runs. Separately, scores are reported for all locations (satellites or stations) and for each location individually. We are building on past experiences with model‐data comparisons of magnetosphere and ionosphere model outputs from GEM2008, GEM‐CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere, and the SWPC Operational Space Weather Model challenges. The CAMEL visualization tool is demonstrated using three validation studies: (a) Wang‐Sheeley‐Arge heliosphere simulations compared against OMNI solar wind data, (b) ground magnetic perturbations from several magnetosphere and ionosphere electrodynamics models as observed by magnetometers, and (c) electron fluxes from several ring current simulations compared to Radiation Belt Storm Probes Helium Oxygen Proton Electron instrument measurements, integrated over different energy ranges.
Fast‐Forward to Perturbed Equilibrium Climate
Authors: Saint‐Martin D. , Geoffroy O. , Watson L. , Douville H. , Bellon G. , Voldoire A. , Cattiaux J. , Decharme B. , Ribes A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe equilibrium climate sensitivity, that is, the global‐mean surface‐air temperature change in response to a doubling of the carbon dioxide concentration is a widely used metric in climate change studies. Its exact value is rarely known because its estimation requires a long integration time of several thousand years. We propose a method to estimate an accurate value of the equilibrium response from fully coupled climate models at a reasonable computational cost. Using this method, our state‐of‐the‐art climate model CNRM‐CM6‐1 reaches a stationary state after only few hundred of years of integration. This “Fast‐Forward” method consists of an optimal two‐step forcing pathway designed using the framework of a two‐layer energy balance model. It can be applied easily to any coupled climate model.
Velocity Rotation Events in the Outer Magnetosphere Near the Magnetopause
Authors: Matsui H. , Farrugia C. J. , Goldstein J. , Torbert R. B. , Argall M. R. , Vaith H. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Giles B. L. , Pollock C. J. , Taguchi S. , Hosokawa K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report velocity rotation events with amplitudes more than a few tens of kilometers per second observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. The events are detected in the outer magnetosphere near the magnetopause at approximately noon magnetic local time. When we examine one event, velocity and magnetic field variations are correlated. Accelerated electrons >100 eV are present. The azimuthal propagation direction is opposite to that of the background convection, implying that the structure and the background have different sources. The magnetic field variation can be approximately fitted to that of the line current. It is inferred that bundles of magnetic field lines with the same helicity propagate with the Alfvén velocity along the background magnetic field. One possible source is a flux transfer event. In addition, the variation in the solar wind dynamic pressure may also affect the velocity rotation. We have found 18 events during the first 2 years of Magnetospheric Multiscale operations. The derived properties are generally similar to those from the event study. For some events, we have identified a flux transfer event as a possible source. Again, the dynamic pressure variation may be the cause as well. The events reported resemble in some respects crewcuts and midday auroral brightening sequence, as measured by ground‐based optical instruments.
A systematic study towards evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of currently predominant H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Lam Thanh , Firestone Simon M. , Stevenson Mark A. , Young Neil D. , Sims Leslie D. , Chu Duc Huy , Nguyen Tien Ngoc , Van Nguyen Long , Thanh Le Tung , Van Nguyen Hung , Nguyen Hung Nam , Tien Tien Ngoc , Nguyen Tho Dang , Tran Bich Ngoc , Matsuno Keita , Okamatsu Masatoshi , Kida Hiroshi , Sakoda Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate virus, host and environmental dynamics of Vietnamese H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) during 2014–2017. Epidemiologically, H5 HPAIVs were frequently detected in apparently healthy domestic and Muscovy ducks and therefore these are preferred species for H5 HPAIV detection in active surveillance. Virologically, clade 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIVs were predominant and exhibited distinct phylogeographic evolution. Clade 2.3.2.1c viruses clustered phylogenetically in North, Central and South regions, whilst clade 2.3.4.4 viruses only detected in North and Central regions formed small groups. These viruses underwent diverse reassortment with existence of at least 12 genotypes and retained typical avian-specific motifs. These H5 HPAIVs exhibited large antigenic distance from progenitor viruses and commercial vaccines currently used in poultry. Bayesian phylodynamic analysis inferred that clade 2.3.2.1c viruses detected during 2014–2017 were likely descended from homologous clade viruses imported to Vietnam previously and/or preexisting Chinese viruses during 2012–2013. Vietnamese clade 2.3.4.4 viruses closely shared genetic traits with contemporary foreign spillovers, suggesting that there existed multiple transboundary virus dispersals to Vietnam. This study provides insights into the evolution of Vietnamese H5 HPAIVs and highlights the necessity of strengthening control measures such as, preventive surveillance and poultry vaccination.
Temporally Resolved Intensity Contouring (TRIC) for characterization of the absolute spatio-temporal intensity distribution of a relativistic, femtosecond laser pulse
Authors: Haffa Daniel , Bin Jianhui , Speicher Martin , Allinger Klaus , Hartmann Jens , Kreuzer Christian , Ridente Enrico , Ostermayr Tobias M. , Schreiber Jörg 
Published: May 2019

AbstractToday’s high-power laser systems are capable of reaching photon intensities up to 1022 W cm−2, generating plasmas when interacting with material. The high intensity and ultrashort laser pulse duration (fs) make direct observation of plasma dynamics a challenging task. In the field of laser-plasma physics and especially for the acceleration of ions, the spatio-temporal intensity distribution is one of the most critical aspects. We describe a novel method based on a single-shot (i.e. single laser pulse) chirped probing scheme, taking nine sequential frames at frame rates up to THz. This technique, to which we refer as temporally resolved intensity contouring (TRIC) enables single-shot measurement of laser-plasma dynamics. Using TRIC, we demonstrate the reconstruction of the complete spatio-temporal intensity distribution of a high-power laser pulse in the focal plane at full pulse energy with sub-picosecond resolution.
Herbivore-induced volatile emission from old-growth black poplar trees under field conditions
Authors: McCormick Andrea Clavijo , Irmisch Sandra , Boeckler G. Andreas , Gershenzon Jonathan , Köllner Tobias G. , Unsicker Sybille B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerbivory is well known to trigger increased emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plants, but we know little about the responses of mature trees. We measured the volatiles emitted by leaves of old-growth black poplar (Populus nigra) trees after experimental damage by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) caterpillars in a floodplain forest, and studied the effect of herbivory on the transcript abundance of two genes involved in the biosynthesis of VOCs, and the accumulation of defence phytohormones. Herbivory significantly increased volatile emission from the experimentally damaged foliage, but not from adjacent undamaged leaves in the damaged branches (i.e., no systemic response). Methylbutyraldoximes, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), (Z)-3-hexenol and (E)-β-ocimene, amongst other compounds, were found to be important in distinguishing the blend of herbivore-damaged vs. undamaged leaves. Herbivory also increased expression of PnTPS3 (described here for the first time) and PnCYP79D6-v4 genes at the damaged sites, these genes encode for an (E)-β-ocimene synthase and a P450 enzyme involved in aldoxime formation, respectively, demonstrating de novo biosynthesis of the volatiles produced. Herbivore-damaged leaves had significantly higher levels of jasmonic acid and its conjugate (−)-jasmonic acid-isoleucine. This study shows that mature trees in the field have a robust response to herbivory, producing induced volatiles at the damaged sites even after previous natural herbivory and under changing environmental conditions, however, further studies are needed to establish whether the observed absence of systemic responses is typical of mature poplar trees or if specific conditions are required for their induction.
Associations of physical activity and egg intake with hypertension among Chinese middle-aged and older population
Authors: He Haizhen , Zhang Ting , Zhou Jing , Zhu Zhu , Na Xiaona , Zhou Guirong , Zhuang Guoliang , Liu Aiping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo explore the independent and interaction associations of physical activity (PA) and egg intake with hypertension. A cross-sectional study of 2189 individuals (aged ≥50 years) selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling was conducted in Mentougou of Beijing, China. Data of PA and egg intake were obtained from questionnaire survey, and blood pressure from physical examination. Individuals were divided into four groups by the level of PA: low, medium, high level 1 and high level 2; and were also divided into three groups by daily amount of egg intake: <1 egg/day, 1 egg/day and >1 egg/day. Self-reported hypertension was defined if individual had a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension or use of antihypertensive medication; examined abnormal blood pressure was defined if individual didn’t belong to self-reported hypertension and mean blood pressure was above 130/80 mmHg measured during this examination. After adjusting demographic characteristics, health behavior, BMI, and family history of CVD, compared with medium level PA group, high level 2 group was associated with higher self-reported rate (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.18–2.01) and examined abnormal rate (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.21–2.20). The self-reported rate and examined abnormal rate in <1 egg/day group were both higher than 1 egg/day group (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.06–1.91; OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.08–1.92). Compared with medium level PA and 1 egg/day group, high level 2 and >1 egg/day group with higher examined abnormal rate (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.28–4.01), high level 2 and <1 egg/day group with higher self-reported rate and examined abnormal rate (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.10–3.82; OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.54–4.96). In conclusion, excessive high level PA and inadequate egg intake were associated with hypertension, respectively, and the association further increased when both existed at the same time. Besides, moderate PA combined with reasonable egg intake was associated with the low examination rate of hypertension.
Clinical effect of stannous fluoride and amine fluoride containing oral hygiene products: A 4-year randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Frese C. , Wohlrab T. , Sheng L. , Kieser M. , Krisam J. , Wolff D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis 4-year randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed at investigating whether routine home use of both a SnCl2/AmF/NaF-containing mouth rinse and toothpaste has a preventive effect on oral health. Fifty-four test subjects were examined in biannual intervals. The primary endpoint “dental erosion” was determined by the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE). The secondary endpoints were “saliva pH”, “dentin hypersensitivity” generated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and “discoloration” measured by the Lobene Stain Index (LSI). A mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) was used to analyze the primary endpoint “dental erosion”. Primary analysis showed a significant intervention effect of the SnCl2/AmF/NaF-containing test product (p1 = 0.0242). This result was confirmed by two additional MMRM-based sensitivity analyses. Comparison of all models showed “dental erosion” values of the intervention group below values of the control group. Discoloration of the teeth was significantly higher in the intervention than in the control group at all time points. Saliva pH and dentin hypersensitivity were not significantly different between groups over four years. In summary, this RCT is the first to indicate a possible preventive effect of SnCl2/AmF/NaF-containing oral hygiene products on dental erosion over a follow-up period of four years.
Effects of different ablation strategies on long-term left atrial function in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: You Ling , Yao Lixia , Zhou Bolun , Jin Lili , Yin Honglin , Wu Jinglan , Yin Guangli , Yang Ying , Zhang Chenfeng , Liu Yue , Xie Ruiqin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRestoration of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation (AF) by radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is associated with a transient stunning of left atrial (LA) function. However, the long-term effects of different ablation strategies on LA function remain undetermined. We performed randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of RFCA, cryoablation, and 3D mapping-guided cryoablation on LA function of proximal AF patients within 1 year. The 3D mapping-guided cryoablation was defined as a maximum of two cryoablation procedures for each pulmonary vein accompanied by RFCA for additional points until complete pulmonary vein isolation was achieved. Conventional and speckle tracking echocardiographic analyses were performed to evaluate LA function. Among the 210 patients (70 in each group) included, a trend of decreasing LA systolic and diastolic function was observed in all groups, as evidenced by decreases in peak A-wave velocity, the global LA peak systolic strain, the peak strain rate, the peak early diastolic strain rate, and the peak late diastolic strain rate within 7 days to 3 months after ablation followed by gradual recovery thereafter. However, the temporal changes in the above four strain parameters among the three groups did not differ significantly within 1 year after ablation (all p > 0.05). Parameters of the LA emptying fraction and LA dimensions were not significantly affected. These results suggested that stunning of LA function occurred within 7 days to 3 months after ablation, and different strategies of AF ablation did not differentially affect the temporal changes in LA function up to 1 year after ablation.
The role of optic flow pooling in insect flight control in cluttered environments
Authors: Lecoeur Julien , Dacke Marie , Floreano Dario , Baird Emily 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFlight through cluttered environments, such as forests, poses great challenges for animals and machines alike because even small changes in flight path may lead to collisions with nearby obstacles. When flying along narrow corridors, insects use the magnitude of visual motion experienced in each eye to control their position, height, and speed but it is unclear how this strategy would work when the environment contains nearby obstacles against a distant background. To minimise the risk of collisions, we would expect animals to rely on the visual motion generated by only the nearby obstacles but is this the case? To answer this, we combine behavioural experiments with numerical simulations and provide the first evidence that bumblebees extract the maximum rate of image motion in the frontal visual field to steer away from obstacles. Our findings also suggest that bumblebees use different optic flow calculations to control lateral position, speed, and height.