bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation in Whole Blood with Platelet Rich Plasma: Additional Evidence for the Role of ADP
Authors: Saniabadi A R , Lowe G D O , Barbenel J C , Forbes C D 
Published: July 2018

SummaryADP, generated from red blood cells is believed to be responsible for the spontaneous aggregation of platelets in whole blood. This notion is based mainly on the use of enzymes which remove ADP. We have studied spontaneous platelet aggregation in whole blood and autologous platelet rich plasma obtained from 12 healthy male and female volunteers. Platelet aggregation was quantitated by measuring the fall in the number of single platelets counted using a whole blood platelet counter (Ultra Flo 100). In a rotating tube model, the mean fall in the number of platelets due to spontaneous aggregation was 56% in whole blood but, only 3% in platelet rich plasma prepared from the same blood samples. Spontaneous platelet aggregation in whole blood was unaffected by apyrase grade I, but was reduced to 15% by apyrase grade II, to 38% by creatine phosphokinase/creatine phosphate and to 9% by pyruvate kinase/phosphoenolpyruvate. The results of this study provide additional evidence that ADP generated in whole blood triggers the spontaneous aggregation of platelets.
Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid in Patients with Atherosclerosis: Effects on Platelet Aggregation, Plasma Lipids and Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Inhibition of Prostacyclin Generation
Authors: Szczeklik A , Gryglewski R J , Sladek K , Kostka-Trąbka E , Żmuda A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DHLA), a precursor of monoenoic anti-aggregatory prostaglandins (PGE1, PGD2), was administered for 4 weeks in a daily dose of 1.0 g into 33 patients with atherosclerosis on a basis of a double-blind trial. Comparison of treatment and placebo groups revealed elevation of DHLA in red cell lipids in DHLA-treated subjects. No differences, however, between the two groups could be observed in platelet aggregability, thromboxane A2 generation by platelets, serum cholesterol, PGE1 and PGE2 levels, and in inhibitory activity of low-density lipoproteins against prostacyclin synthetizing system in arteries. The dietary supplementation used did not lead to distinct antithrombotic effects.
Acylated Streptokinase – Plasminogen Complex in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Walker Isobel D , Davidson J F , Rae A P , Hutton I , Lawrie T D V 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBRL 26921 is the p-anisoyl derivative of the primary streptokinase-human plasminogen complex in which the acyl group is specifically located at the catalytic centre of the enzyme. Doses of BRL 26921 ranging from 5 mg to 25 mg were given intravenously or into a coronary artery to 12 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The complex was well tolerated and produced no serious bleeding. Coronary artery reperfusion was demonstrated angiographically in three patients.In most patients, fibrinogen, plasminogen, α2 antiplasmin and a2 macroglobulin levels fell and the level of fibrinogen degradation products increased acutely post treatment indicating systemic fibrinolytic activation. The degree of this activation was variable but was profound in some. It appeared to be dose related and modified by the presence of streptokinase antibodies. BRL 26921 appears less “selectively” thrombolytic in patients than had been expected from animal models.
Plasmin Inhibitors and Fibrinogen Breakdown During the Initial Phase of Thrombolytic Treatment - The Problem of the α2-Antiplasmin Determination
Authors: Noll G , Lämmle B , Duckert F 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDuring the first 3 hr of thrombolytic treatment with porcine plasmin (p-PL) or streptokinase (SK) a rapid decrease of clottable fibrinogen with generation of large amounts of fibrin(-ogen) degradation products (FDP) are found. α2-antiplasmin (α2AP) is rapidly neutralized. Whereas in patients treated with SK more than half of the original plasminogen was consumed, its level remained unchanged during p-PL infusion. When α2AP reaches values below some 20%, spontaneous amidolytic activity towards S-2251 representing either PL-α2-macroglobulin- or SK-plasminogen-complex activity appears. This activity has to be considered in the α2AP assay in order to avoid underestimation of this inhibitor.
Clotting Enzyme Activity Derived from the Coelomocytes of the Sea Star, Asterias Forbesi
Authors: Marcum J A , Levin J , Prendergast R A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryClotting enzyme activity was detected in lysates prepared from the coelomocytes of Asterias forbesi following incubation with endotoxin-activated Limulus amebocyte lysate. This activity was not detected in the cell-free coelomic fluid. The enzymatic activity from the sea star lysate hydrolyzed the synthetic substrate S2222 but not S2238 or S2251, and polymerized partially purified Limulus clottable protein. The clotting enzyme activity was not detected following treatment of the sea star cell lysate with endotoxin or with the clotting enzyme from Limulus lysate. The enzymatic activity, generated in sea star cell lysate by the activated Limulus lysate, was inhibited by the addition of benzamidine; and its effect was suppressed with rabbit anti-sera directed against Asterias whole cell lysate, but not with anti-sera directed against the previously reported Sea Star Factor.
Interactions of Purified Rat Factor VIII/von Willebrand Factor with Rat and Human Platelets – Effect of Albumin and Ristocetin
Authors: Dejana E , Furlan M , Barbieri B , Donati M B , Beck E A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryRat platelets do not respond to ristocetin in their own plasma nor do they aggregate in the presence of bovine or porcine factor VIII von Willebrand factor (F VIII R:WF) or human F VIII R:WF in presence of ristocetin. However, rat plasma supports ristocetin induced aggregation of washed human platelets. In this study we report on purification of rat F VIII R:WF from cryoprecipitate. Similarly to porcine or bovine material, purified rat F VIII R:WF induced aggregation of human washed fixed platelets. This effect was enhanced by addition of ristocetin and was not modified by addition of albumin. Rat washed platelets were aggregated by ristocetin in the presence of rat or human F VIII R:WF provided that high concentrations of ristocetin are added in a system essentially free of extraneous proteins. Increasing concentrations of albumin dramatically reduced the ability of ristocetin to aggregate rat platelets while human platelet aggregation by human or rat F VIII R:WF was only moderately affected.These studies show that rat F VIII R:WF can interact with rat and human platelets. The lack of response of rat platelets to ristocetin in their own plasma is most likely due to a low sensitivity of rat platelets to this drug and to an inhibitory activity of plasma proteins on this reaction.
Behaviour of Protein C Inhibitor in Intravascular Coagulation and Liver Disease
Authors: Francis R B , Thomas W 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe measured levels of protein C inhibitor in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and liver disease using a functional assay. Levels in 24 normal subjects averaged 93% of the amount in normal pooled plasma, giving a normal range of 65 to 121%. Levels were below normal in 8 of 17 patients with DIC, in 4 of 19 patients with liver cirrhosis, and in 3 patients with acute hepatic necrosis. Levels were normal or elevated in 9 of 10 patients with cirrhosis and accelerated fibrinolysis, and in 6 patients receiving warfarin. We conclude that protein C inhibitor may be involved in regulation of protein C activity during pathologic activation of the hemostatic system (DIC). Decreased protein C inhibitor does not appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of accelerated fibrinolysis in liver disease. The liver may be the site of synthesis of protein C inhibitor.
Intensive Initial Oral Anticoagulation and Shorter Heparin Treatment in Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Schulman Sam , Lockner Dieter , Bergström Kurt , Blombäck Margareta 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn order to investigate whether a more intensive initial oral anticoagulation still would be safe and effective, we performed a prospective randomized study in patients with deep vein thrombosis. They received either the conventional regimen of oral anticoagulation (“low-dose”) and heparin or a more intense oral anticoagulation (“high-dose”) with a shorter period of heparin treatment.In the first part of the study 129 patients were randomized. The “low-dose” group reached a stable therapeutic prothrombin complex (PT)-level after 4.3 and the “high-dose” group after 3.3 days. Heparin was discontinued after 6.0 and 5.0 days respectively. There was no difference in significant hemorrhage between the groups, and no clinical signs of progression of the thrombosis.In the second part of the study another 40 patients were randomized, followed with coagulation factor II, VII, IX and X and with repeated venograms. A stable therapeutic PT-level was achieved after 4.4 (“low-dose”) and 3.7 (“high-dose”) days, and heparin was discontinued after 5.4 and 4.4 days respectively. There were no clinical hemorrhages, the activity of the coagulation factors had dropped to the same level in both groups at the time when heparin was discontinued and no thromboembolic complications occurred.Our oral anticoagulation regimen with heparin treatment for an average of 4.4-5 days seems safe and reduces in-patient costs.
Improved Assay Conditions for Automated Antithrombin III Determinations with the Chromogenic Substrate S-2238
Authors: Voorthuizen H van , Kluft C 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAssays for antithrombin III activity using the chromogenic substrate S-2238 were automated in various modifications on various instruments. Standard curves for the assay showed a deviating “0% point” in several but not all modifications. Addition of polyethylene glycol 6000/8000 (0.40-1.0%) minimizes this deviation. However, the deviation of the 0% point was not completely abolished in every modification of the test. Examination of Lineweaver-Burk plots showed nonlinearity at high concentrations of S-2238 as used in the antithrombin III assays. Addition of Tween-80 (0.01%) restores the Lineweaver-Burk plot and, at the same time, the standard curve in the assays is found to be linear. Therefore, we recommend the use of PEG 6000/8000 as well as Tween-80 in automated assay systems.
Hemostatic Parameters in Newborn - I. Effect of Gestation and Rate of Intrauterine Growth
Authors: Dube B , Dube R K , Bhargava V , Kolindewala J K , Kota V L N , Das B K 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe present study comprises of 208 term, 159 preterm and 18 post-term neonates born to mothers with no history of drug intake or any disease likely to effect coagulation of the newborn. PT, TT and KCCT were relatively prolonged and plasma fibrinogen reduced to varying degree in newborns (as compared to adults). There was further prolongation of TT and reduction in plasma fibrinogen levels amongst preterm newborns as compared to term babies; TT was more prolonged amongst post-term babies also. PT was significantly more prolonged till 30 weeks of gestation, after which a near plateau was formed. KCCT showed significant improvement after 33 weeks and a further trend to normalisation after 38 weeks of gestation. Serum FDP values showed too much of variation for any meaningful statistical analysis but generally FDPs were higher in preterm babies. Intrauterine growth rate had no significant effect on these parameters amongst preterms -similar values for SGA (small for gestational age), AGA (appropriate for gestational age) and LGA (large for gestational age). On the other hand, amongst term babies SGA neonates had significantly prolonged PT and low plasma fibrinogen as compared to AGA; LGA babies also showed more prolongation of TT as compared to AGA.
A Simple In Vitro Model of Mechanical Injury of Confluent Cultured Endothelial Cells to Study Quantitatively the Repair Process
Authors: Klein-Soyer Claude , Beretz Alain , Millon-Collard Régine , Abecassis Joseph , Cazenave Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA model of in vitro mechanical injury of confluent human endothelial cells (EC) in culture was developed. Human EC were obtained from umbilical veins and grown to confluence. Application on the EC monolayer of a calibrated disk of cellulose poly acetate paper resulted in removal of the EC, leaving a continuous subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) on the culture dish. The regeneration time depended on the original size of the lesion. Regeneration was similar with EC grown on different substrates such as human fibronectin, human subendothelial ECM, bovine collagen type I or surfaces coated with Transglutine®, a surgical glue containing adhesive proteins. A human brain extract containing growth factor activity accelerated significantly the repair of the lesion, especially at low serum concentration. This simple in vitro model of mechanical injury allows the quantitative study of the effects of matrices, growth factors and pharmacological agents on the repair process.
Cochlear Implants and Children with Vestibular Impairments
Authors: Papsin Blake , Cushing Sharon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children occurs in 1 to 3% of live births and acquired hearing loss can additionally occur. This sensory deficit has far reaching consequences that have been shown to extend beyond speech and language development. Thankfully there are many therapeutic options that exist for these children with the aim of decreasing the morbidity of their hearing impairment. Of late, focus has shifted beyond speech and language outcomes to the overall performance of children with SNHL in real-world environments. To account for their residual deficits in such environments, clinicians must understand the extent of their sensory impairments. SNHL commonly coexists with other sensory deficits such as vestibular loss. Vestibular impairment is exceedingly common in children with SNHL with nearly half of children exhibiting vestibular end-organ dysfunction. These deficits naturally lead to impairments in balance and delay in motor milestones. However, this additional sensory deficit likely leads to further impairment in the performance of these children. This article focuses on the following:1. Defining the coexistence of vestibular impairment in children with SNHL and cochlear implants.2. Describing screening methods aimed at identifying vestibular dysfunction in children with SNHL.3. Understanding the functional implications of this dual-sensory impairment.4. Exploring possible rehabilitative strategies to minimize the impact of vestibular impairment in children with SNHL
Linguistic history and historical linguistics
Authors: van Driem George 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis invited response to a piece by LaPolla, published in issue 39/2 ofLTBA, addresses both LaPolla’s misrepresentations of the history of linguistics and his flawed understanding of historical linguistics. The history of linguistic thought with regard to the Tibeto-Burman or Trans-Himalayan language family vs. the Indo-Chinese or “Sino-Tibetan” family tree model is elucidated and juxtaposed against the remarkable robustness of certain ahistorical myths and the persistence of unscientific argumentation by vocal proponents of the Sino-Tibetanist paradigm, such as LaPolla.
Long-distance binding of French reflexive soi
Authors: Charnavel Isabelle 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper aims at showing that long-distance binding can be reduced to logophoric exemption from Condition A based on the case study of French soi. Soi is usually treated as a long-distance anaphor similar to Icelandic sig. But once the relevant factors are disentangled, it turns out that soi is a standard anaphor that must be locally bound unless the relevant logophoric conditions are met, which exempt soi from binding requirements. First, soi is a first-person oriented generic, expressing a generalization based on the discourse participants’ identification with the antecedent. Second, this determines its logophoric conditions of exemption (speaker-orientedness): soi is exempt from Condition A when its antecedent includes the speaker and is the perspective center of its clause.
Morphological doublets in Brazilian Portuguese wh-constructions
Authors: Kato Mary Aizawa 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter contains an overview of diachronic and synchronic studies on Brazilian Portuguese wh-questions, and discusses the intriguing problem of apparent syntactic doublets, or optionality, in this domain. However, a careful examination of the diachronic order in which these patterns appear, and the variation exhibited in contemporary written and spoken corpora lead us to conclude that the co-occurring patterns do not constitute syntactic “doublets.”
Against control by implicit passive agents
Authors: Reed Lisa A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Landau (2010, 2013) and van Urk (2011, 2013) argue that the understood agent of a passive verb is syntactically projected as a weak implicit argument. As such, it participates actively in Agree and predication, the mechanisms they assume are responsible for antecedent determination in control structures. This article examines French data involving control and passivization and proposes an alternative explanation for the facts, one that makes the diametrically opposed assumptions that the implicit agent of a passive verb is syntactically unprojected and that the reference of PRO is determined post-syntactically.
Romance evaluative que/che/să sentences as inverted optatives
Authors: Sánchez López Cristina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Romance exclamative sentences introduced by the conjunctions que (Spanish, French, Portuguese) and che (Italian) ‘that’ and the Romanian particle să plus a subjunctive verb can receive an evaluative meaning and express the speaker’s displeasure or discontent about the propositional content. This paper describes and analyzes their properties. I propose that Romance que/che/să evaluative sentences are expressive sentences that express the speaker’s emotion about a proposition. The proposition is compared with other salient alternative propositions according to an inverted bouletic scale, so that the proposition is the less desirable for the speaker. The main formal properties (mood and tense restrictions) and semantic properties (presupposition of factivity and negative evaluation of the proposition) of the sentences naturally follow from the analysis.
“Permissive” subjects and the decline of adverbial linking in the history of English
Authors: Los Bettelou 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Earlier work by Los and Dreschler (2012) and Komen et al. (2014) offered quantitative evidence of a decline in clause-initial adverbials as discourse linkers in the history of English, and argued that subjects have taken over much of the function of discourse linking that was earlier performed by adverbials. The greater functional load of the subject called for more flexibility in which types of thematic roles could be expressed by subjects, and for more strategies to create subjects, such as crosslinguistically rare passives. The present paper draws attention to another mechanism that facilitates “permissive subjects” in Present-day English: causative/ergative valency alternations of the type Amazon shipped the order/The order has shipped. I present the morphosyntactic origin of the alternation and report in more detail on the workings of discourse linking in Old English texts, explaining why “permissive subjects” were not required at that stage.
MR4Cancer: a web server prioritizing master regulators for cancer
Authors: Ru Beibei , Tong Yin , Zhang Jiangwen 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Motivation
During cancer stage transition, a master regulator (MR) refers to the key gene controlling cancer initiation and progression by orchestrating the associated target genes (termed as its regulon). Due to their inherent importance, MRs can serve as critical biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and therapeutic targets. However, it is challenging to infer key MRs that might explain gene expression profile changes between two groups due to lack of context-specific regulons, whose expression level can collectively reflect the activity of likely MRs. There is also a need to design an easy-to-use tool of MR identification for research community.

Results
First, we generated cancer-specific regulons for 26 cancer types by analyzing high-throughput omics data from TCGA, and extracted noncancer-specific regulons from public databases. We subsequently developed a web server MR4Cancer, integrating the regulons with statistical inference to identify and prioritize MRs driving a phenotypic divergence of interest. Based on the input gene list (e.g. differentially expressed genes) or expression profile with two groups, MR4Cancer outputs ranked MRs by enrichment testing against the predefined regulons. Gene Ontology and canonical pathway analyses are also conducted to elucidate the function of likely MRs. Moreover, MR4Cancer provides dynamic network visualization for MR-target relations, and users can interactively interrogate the network to produce new hypotheses and high-quality figures for publication. Finally, the presented case studies highlighted the performance of MR4Cancer. We expect this user-friendly and powerful web tool will provide researchers novel insights into tumorigenesis and therapeutic intervention.

Availability and implementation
http://cis.hku.hk/MR4Cancer

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
LipidIMMS Analyzer: integrating multi-dimensional information to support lipid identification in ion mobility—mass spectrometry based lipidomics
Authors: Zhou Zhiwei , Shen Xiaotao , Chen Xi , Tu Jia , Xiong Xin , Zhu Zheng-Jiang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Summary
Ion mobility—mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has showed great application potential for lipidomics. However, IM-MS based lipidomics is significantly restricted by the available software for lipid structural identification. Here, we developed a software tool, namely, LipidIMMS Analyzer, to support the accurate identification of lipids in IM-MS. For the first time, the software incorporates a large-scale database covering over 260 000 lipids and four-dimensional structural information for each lipid [i.e. m/z, retention time (RT), collision cross-section (CCS) and MS/MS spectra]. Therefore, multi-dimensional information can be readily integrated to support lipid identifications, and significantly improve the coverage and confidence of identification. Currently, the software supports different IM-MS instruments and data acquisition approaches.

Availability and implementation
The software is freely available at: http://imms.zhulab.cn/LipidIMMS/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.