bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Branching Vascular Network Morphology in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Huang Chu-Hsuan , Yeh Po-Ting , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Ho Tzyy-Chang , Yang Chung-May , Yang Chang-Hao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study analyze the morphological characteristics of branching vascular networks (BVN) in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and correlate imaging characteristics with clinical presentations. We presented a retrospective observational case series for fifty cases of PCV confirmed by indocyanine green angiography. Macular OCTA were done by the AngioVue. The PCV cases were classified by distinct morphologic patterns of BVN by two retina specialists and clinical features were analyzed. The sensitivity of polyp detection by OCTA was 86% after manual segmentation and that of BVN was 90%. Three distinct morphologic patterns of BVN were identified. (1) The “Trunk” pattern (47%) exhibited major vessel trunk with features including presence of drusens, thin choroid, and larger BVN area. (2) The “Glomeruli” pattern (33%) showed anastomotic vascular network without major trunk. (3) The “Stick” pattern (20%) had localized BVN and the thickest choroid. Subtypes 2 and 3 held higher recurrence rate. In conclusions, the precise visualization of BVN on OCTA supported that OCTA might be a noninvasive tool to study the morphology of BVN in PCV, which exhibits three different morphological types. Identifying the morphology of BVN has the potential to prognosticate outcomes in PCV patients.
Modulation of miRNA expression in natural populations of A. thaliana along a wide altitudinal gradient of Indian Himalayas
Authors: Tripathi Abhinandan Mani , Singh Akanksha , Singh Rajneesh , Verma Ashwani Kumar , Roy Sribash 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlant populations growing along an altitudinal gradient are exposed to different environmental conditions. They are excellent resources to study regulatory mechanisms adopted by plants to respond to different environmental stresses. Regulation by miRNA is one of such strategies. Here, we report how different miRNAs are preferentially expressed in the three natural populations of A. thaliana originating from a wide altitudinal range. The expression level of miRNAs was mostly governed by temperature and radiation. Majority of the identified miRNAs expressed commonly in the three populations. However, 30 miRNAs expressed significantly at different level between the low and the high altitude populations. Most of these miRNAs regulate the genes associated with different developmental processes, abiotic stresses including UV, cold, secondary metabolites, etc. Further, the expression of miR397 and miR858 involved in lignin biosynthesis and regulation of secondary metabolites respectively, may be regulated by light intensity. A few miRNAs expressed at increasing level with the increase in the altitude of the site indicating environment driven tight regulation of these miRNAs. Further, several novel miRNAs and isomiR diversity specific to the Himalayas are reported which might have an adaptive advantage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on miRNA expression from natural plant populations.
Psychometric Evaluation of Lexical Diversity Indices in Spanish Narrative Samples From Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Kapantzoglou Maria , Fergadiotis Gerasimos , Auza Buenavides Alejandra 
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the current study was to examine construct validity evidence for the following 4 lexical diversity measures for use in Spanish narrative samples of children with developmental language disorder and typical language development (TLD): (a) type–token ratio (TTR;
Chotlos, 1944
;
Templin, 1957
), (b) hypergeometric distribution D (
McCarthy & Jarvis, 2010
), (c) measure of textual lexical diversity (MTLD;
McCarthy, 2005
), and (d) moving-average TTR (MATTR;
Covington & McFall, 2010
).

Method
A multiple-group, confirmatory factor analytic stepwise procedure was applied to examine factorial invariance in a sample of 435 monolingual Spanish-speaking children (335 with TLD and 100 with specific language impairment).

Results
MATTR was the strongest indicator of the lexical diversity of a sample and demonstrated measurement invariance across children with TLD and specific language impairment. MTLD scores included some noise at different levels as a function of the length of a sample, especially for short language samples, but differences in relation to MATTR were relatively small. The validity of hypergeometric distribution D and TTR score interpretations was low, as the scores covaried systematically with length, with TTR being the poorest measure of lexical diversity.

Conclusion
Results support the use of MATTR and MTLD as measures of lexical diversity and should assist clinicians and researchers in the selection of lexical diversity measures to minimize bias in score interpretations when conducting language sample analyses.
Bildgebung in der Kornea mittels optischer Kohärenztomografie – historische Entwicklung und neueste technische Fortschritte
Authors: Werkmeister René , Stegmann Hannes , dos Santos Valentin , Schmidl Doreen , Schmetterer Leopold 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDie optische Kohärenztomografie (OCT) hat seit ihrer Einführung für die retinale Bildgebung in den 90er-Jahren eine rasante Entwicklung genommen und die Ophthalmologie revolutioniert. Während sie zu Beginn nur zur Untersuchung der Retina zum Einsatz kam, wurden in der Zwischenzeit auch zahlreiche Systeme zur Beurteilung des vorderen Augenabschnitts entwickelt. Basierend auf der Detektion und Verarbeitung des vom Gewebe zurückreflektierten und gestreuten Lichts, eröffnete sie dem Ophthalmologen völlig neue Möglichkeiten zur Untersuchung der Strukturen des vorderen Augenabschnitts. Je nach technischer Umsetzung erlauben OCT-Systeme für den vorderen Augenabschnitt die präzise Vermessung einzelner Schichten der Kornea und des Kammerwinkels oder – in Form von ultrahoch auflösender OCT – die detailreiche Darstellung der Hornhautmorphologie mit nahezu histologischer Auflösung. Letztere könnte durch weitere technische Entwicklungen vor allem hinsichtlich der Erhöhung der Aufnahmegeschwindigkeit zu einem wesentlichen Werkzeug in der Differenzialdiagnose und Verlaufsbeobachtung verschiedenster Erkrankungen der Hornhaut werden, das auch neue Einsichten in die Pathophysiologie dieser Erkrankungen liefert.
Anleitung in der Kinder- und
Jugendpsychiatrie
Authors: Kratzmeier Ute 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Umgang mit psychisch erkrankten Kindern und Jugendlichen verunsichert viele
Auszubildenden. Umso wichtiger ist es, ihre Einarbeitungsphase klar zu
strukturieren und bereits im Erstgespräch eine gute Beziehung anzubahnen, um
Berührungsängste zu minimieren. Wie ein Anleitungskonzept aussehen kann, das den
Bedürfnissen der Auszubildenden gerecht wird, schildert unsere Autorin.
Indolylvinyl Ketones: Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Natural Products and Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Serdyuk Olga , Trushkov Igor , Uchuskin Maxim , Abaev Vladimir 
Published: January 2019

Indolylvinyl ketones are valuable building blocks that can be utilized for the synthesis of numerous natural products and bioactive molecules containing an indole core motif. Herein, we describe their application for the total synthesis of some alkaloids, their analogues, and a variety of other important compounds, with an emphasis on biologically active examples.1	Introduction2	Functionalization of the Enone C=C Bond2.1	Reduction2.2	Michael Addition2.3	Cycloaddition3	Transformation of the Carbonyl Group3.1	Reduction3.2	Knoevenagel Reaction3.3	Addition of Organometallic Compounds3.4	Olefination4	Reactions Involving the Enone Conjugate System С=С–С=О4.1	Reactions with 1,2-Dinucleophiles4.2	Reactions with Compounds Bearing an Active Methylene Group4.3	Reactions with 1,3-Dinucleophiles4.4	Reactions with 1,4-Dinucleophiles5	Functionalization of the Enone Methylene Group C(O)–CH2R5.1	Acylation/Crotonic Condensation and Related Transformations5.2	Enolization6	Functionalization of the Indole Core6.1	[4+2] Cycloaddition6.2	[3+3] Annulation6.3	Electrocyclic Reactions7	Miscellaneous8	Conclusions
Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Patients with Lumbar Degenerative Disease with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Akbary Kutbuddin , Quillo-Olvera Javier , Lin Guang-Xun , Jo Hyun-Jin , Kim Jin-Sung 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of Study Standard treatment protocols for lumbar degenerative lesions in the setting of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of minimally invasive oblique lumbar interbody fusion (MI-OLIF) in RA patients having degenerative lumbar spine lesions.
Methods This was a retrospective hospital-based case series (evidence level 4). Eight patients with degenerative lumbar disease with significant back pain and neurologic claudication underwent MI-OLIFwith polyetheretherketone cage insertion and posterior pedicle screw instrumentation. The clinical outcomes were measured by the numerical rating scale (NRS) for back and leg pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and radiologic outcomes were studied on radiographs, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Minimum follow-up duration was 1 year.
Results Mean NRS results for back and leg pain preoperatively were 6.3 and 7.1 that improved to 2.6 and 2 for back and leg pain, respectively, at last follow-up. The mean ODI scores preoperatively were 58.02 that improved to 39.06 at last follow-up. All patients had good functional outcomes, good fusion rates, and were able to continue their activities of daily living without much disability at last follow-up.
Conclusion MI-OLIF in patients with symptomatic lumbar spine degenerative lesions with RA seems to provide good short-term clinical and radiologic outcomes.
A fractional model for predator-prey with omnivore
Authors: Bonyah E. , Atangana A. , Elsadany A. A. 
Published: January 2019

We consider the model of interaction of predator and prey with omnivore using three different waiting time distributions. The first waiting time is induced by the power law distribution which is the generator of Pareto statistics. The second waiting time is induced by exponential decay law with a particular property of Delta Dirac distribution when the fractional order tends to 1, this distribution is link to the Poison distribution. While the last waiting distribution, induced by the Mittag-Leffler distribution, presents a crossover from exponential to power law. For each model, we presented the conditions under which the existence of unique set of exact solutions is reached using the fixed-point Picard’s method. Making use of a recent suggested numerical scheme, we solved each model numerically and some numerical simulations were generated for different values of fractional orders. We noticed a new attractor which can be considered as a combination of the Brownian motion and power law distribution in the model with the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative. With the aim to capture more attractors, we modified the model and presented also some numerical simulations. Our new model provides more attractors than the existing one even for fractional differential cases. We presented finally the Maximal Lyapunov exponent and the bifurcation diagrams. The comparative study shows that modeling with non-local and non-singular kernel fractional derivative leads to more attractors as this kernel is able to capture more physical problems.
This article is being retracted effective 7 July 2020.
Escape band in
Escherichia coli
chemotaxis in opposing attractant and nutrient gradients
Authors: Zhang Xuanqi , Si Guangwei , Dong Yiming , Chen Kaiyue , Ouyang Qi , Luo Chunxiong , Tu Yuhai 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Not all nutrient molecules act as attractant signals, and not all attractants are good nutrients. Here, we study behaviors of bacterial cells in an environment with competing sources: One has a strong attractant but a poor nutrient, and the other has a rich nutrient but a weak attractant. We find that, although initially cells are attracted toward the strong attractant, the opposing nutrient gradient generated by consumption eventually becomes dominant when the cell density reaches a critical value. The cells then form a band escaping the strong attractant but weak nutrient “trap” and migrating toward the rich nutrient. Our study shows that combination of growth and chemotaxis allows cells to find nutrient source in complex environments with conflicting sensory cues.
Small molecule ISRIB suppresses the integrated stress response within a defined window of activation
Authors: Rabouw Huib H. , Langereis Martijn A. , Anand Aditya A. , Visser Linda J. , de Groot Raoul J. , Walter Peter , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
The integrated stress response (ISR) protects cells from a variety of harmful stressors by temporarily halting protein synthesis. However, chronic ISR activation has pathological consequences and is linked to several neurological disorders. Pharmacological inhibition of chronic ISR activity emerges as a powerful strategy to treat ISR-mediated neurodegeneration but is typically linked to adverse effects due to the ISR’s importance for normal cellular function. Paradoxically, the small-molecule ISR inhibitor ISRIB has promising therapeutic potential in vivo without overt side effects. We demonstrate here that ISRIB inhibits low-level ISR activity, but does not affect strong ISR signaling. We thereby provide a plausible mechanism of how ISRIB counteracts toxic chronic ISR activity, without disturbing the cytoprotective effects of a strong acute ISR.
Predictors of Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) Treatment Initiation and Engagement among Patients with Opioid use Disorder across 7 Health Systems
Authors: Campbell Cynthia I. , Weisner Constance , Binswanger Ingrid A. , Lapham Gwen T. , Ahmedani Brian K. , Yarborough Bobbi Jo H. , Haller Irina V. , Altschuler Andrea , Hechter Rulin C. , Loree Amy M. , Kline-Simon Andrea H. 
Published: January 2019

Background The prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) has increased rapidly in the United States and improving treatment access is critical. Among patients with OUD, we examined factors associated with the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) performance measures of alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment initiation and engagement. Methods Electronic health record and claims data between October 1, 2014, and August 15, 2015, from 7 health systems were used to identify patients ( n = 11,490) with a new index OUD diagnosis (no AOD diagnosis prior <60 days) based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 codes. Multivariable generalized linear models with a logit link clustered on health system were used to examine the associations of patient demographic and clinical characteristics, and department of index diagnosis, with HEDIS measures of treatment initiation and engagement. Results The prevalence of OUD among all AOD diagnoses varied across health systems, as did rates of AOD initiation (5.7%–21.6%) and engagement (7.6%–24.6%). Those diagnosed in the emergency department (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27,1.97) or psychiatry/AOD treatment (aOR = 2.92, 95% CI = 2.47,3.46) were more likely to initiate treatment compared with primary care. Older patients were less likely to initiate (age 50–64 vs. age 18–29: aOR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.35, 0.51; age 65+ vs. age 18–29: aOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.43), as were women (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.62, 0.85). Patients diagnosed in psychiatry/AOD treatment (aOR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.98, 3.60) compared with primary care were more likely to engage in treatment. Those identified in an inpatient setting (aOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.27 vs. primary care), those with medical comorbidity (aOR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52, 0.95), and older patients (age 50–64 vs. 18–29: aOR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.46, 0.88; age 65+ vs. 18–29: aOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.22, 0.57) were less likely to engage in treatment. Conclusions Rates of initiation and engagement for OUD patients vary widely with noticeable room for improvement, particularly in this critical time of the opioid crisis. Targeting patient and system factors may improve health system performance, which is key to improving patient outcomes.
Unidentical twins: recent social policy developments in Canada and the United States
Authors: Béland Daniel , Waddan Alex 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is a vast social policy literature on how Canada and the United States share key characteristics associated with the liberal welfare regime such as significant reliance on both social assistance and tax-subsidized private benefits and services. Yet, a closer look at these two countries points to key differences in areas such as fiscal federalism, health care, old-age pensions, and family benefits. This special issue of the Journal of Comparative and International Social Policy looks at recent social policy developments in Canada and the United States in ways that further illustrate the broad similarities, but also the key cross-national differences in policy design and real-world consequences, between these two countries. This Introduction explains why Canada and the United States are “unidentical twins” in social policy before discussing the contributions comprising this special issue.
Integrating the evidence from evidence factors in observational studies
Authors: Karmakar B , French B , Small D S 
Published: January 2019

Summary
A sensitivity analysis for an observational study assesses how much bias, due to nonrandom assignment of treatment, would be necessary to change the conclusions of an analysis that assumes treatment assignment was effectively random. The evidence for a treatment effect can be strengthened if two different analyses, which could be affected by different types of biases, are both somewhat insensitive to bias. The finding from the observational study is then said to be replicated. Evidence factors allow for two independent analyses to be constructed from the same dataset. When combining the evidence factors, the Type I error rate must be controlled to obtain valid inference. A powerful method is developed for controlling the familywise error rate for sensitivity analyses with evidence factors. It is shown that the Bahadur efficiency of sensitivity analysis for the combined evidence is greater than for either evidence factor alone. The proposed methods are illustrated through a study of the effect of radiation exposure on the risk of cancer. An R package, evidenceFactors, is available from CRAN to implement the methods of the paper.
Benthic effects of offshore renewables: identification of knowledge gaps and urgently needed research
Authors: Dannheim Jennifer , Bergström Lena , Birchenough Silvana N R , Brzana Radosław , Boon Arjen R , Coolen Joop W P , Dauvin Jean-Claude , De Mesel Ilse , Derweduwen Jozefien , Gill Andrew B , Hutchison Zoë L , Jackson Angus C , Janas Urszula , Martin Georg , Raoux Aurore , Reubens Jan , Rostin Liis , Vanaverbeke Jan , Wilding Thomas A , Wilhelmsson Dan , Degraer Steven 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
As the EU's commitment to renewable energy is projected to grow to 20% of energy generation by 2020, the use of marine renewable energy from wind, wave and tidal resources is increasing. This literature review (233 studies) (i) summarizes knowledge on how marine renewable energy devices affect benthic environments, (ii) explains how these effects could alter ecosystem processes that support major ecosystem services and (iii) provides an approach to determine urgent research needs. Conceptual diagrams were set up to structure hypothesized cause-effect relationships (i.e. paths). Paths were scored for (i) temporal and spatial scale of the effect, (ii) benthic sensitivity to these effects, (iii) the effect consistency and iv) scoring confidence, and consecutively ranked. This approach identified prominent knowledge gaps and research needs about (a) hydrodynamic changes possibly resulting in altered primary production with potential consequences for filter feeders, (b) the introduction and range expansion of non-native species (through stepping stone effects) and, (c) noise and vibration effects on benthic organisms. Our results further provide evidence that benthic sensitivity to offshore renewable effects is higher than previously indicated. Knowledge on changes of ecological functioning through cascading effects is limited and requires distinct hypothesis-driven research combined with integrative ecological modelling.
Real-time Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Epidural with Transverse Interlaminar View: Evaluation of an In-Plane Technique
Authors: Elsharkawy Hesham , Saasouh Wael , Babazade Rovnat , Soliman Loran Mounir , Horn Jean-Louis , Zaky Sherif 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective
The anatomical landmarks method is currently the most widely used technique for epidural needle insertion and is faced with multiple difficulties in certain patient populations. Real-time ultrasound guidance has been recently used to aid in epidural needle insertion, with promising results. Our aim was to test the feasibility, success rate, and satisfaction associated with a novel real-time ultrasound-guided lumbar epidural needle insertion in the transverse interlaminar view.

Design
Prospective descriptive trial on a novel approach.

Setting
Operating room and preoperative holding area at a tertiary care hospital.

Subjects
Adult patients presenting for elective open prostatectomy and planned for surgical epidural anesthesia.

Methods
Consented adult patients aged 30–80 years scheduled for open prostatectomy under epidural anesthesia were enrolled. Exclusion criteria included allergy to local anesthetics, infection at the needle insertion site, coagulopathy, and patient refusal. A curvilinear low-frequency (2–5 MHz) ultrasound probe and echogenic 17-G Tuohy needles were used by one of three attending anesthesiologists. Feasibility of epidural insertion was defined as a 90% success rate within 10 minutes.

Results
Twenty-two patients were enrolled into the trial, 14 (63.6%) of whom found the process to be satisfactory or very satisfactory. The median time to perform the block was around 4.5 minutes, with an estimated success rate of 95%. No complications related to the epidural block were observed over the 48 hours after the procedure.

Conclusions
We demonstrate the feasibility of a novel real-time ultrasound-guided epidural with transverse interlaminar view.