bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Responsible for Delayed Presentation at the Dental Clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
Authors: Olawole W. , Kanmodi K. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: It is a very sad experience, as a clinician, to see a patient presenting very late at a dental office with complicated oral health-related problems when the initial causal problem is very cheap, easy, and simple to treat. This study aims to determine the factors causing delay in seeking dental treatment among the patients visiting the dental clinic of the Fedearal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Methodology: This study was questionnaire-based survey of 172 non-paediatric patients attending the dental clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Data was obtained on their socio-demographic characteristics and the reasons behind their late presentation. Data analysis was done using the SPSS Version 20 Software. Results: Most of the participating patients were males (57.6%), Muslims (73.8%) and of age 16 – 35 years (65.1%). Also, 66.9% of them were from the Hausa tribe, 62.8% were married, and 40.1% had polytechnic/university education. The reasons indicated by the respondents for their delay in seeking early oral healthcare services at our dental clinic were diverse. However, the three most commonly given reason were: busy work schedules, dental anxiety, and preference for traditional treatment options. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of delayed presentation among patients visiting the dental clinic of the Federal Medical Centre situated in the Birnin Kebbi metropolis. This study also identified the reasons for such delays. This study also corroborates other studies in ascertaining that delayed dental visit is a public health and clinical problem in the Nigerian setting. Hence, there is an imminent need to ensure that the public are educated on oral health issues.
Using Social Media for Effective Health Care Service Delivery: Bibliometrics and Sociometry
Authors: Shrestha S. , Ferreira J. , Galti A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Today, social media seems to be a common forum for sharing information, discuss ideas and knowledge. The number of social media users are at increasing trend even in developing countries. The importance of using social media, especially in delivering healthcare services information, include the creation of awareness and firsthand information of health and health-related issues (effect of adverse drug reactions, reporting, among others). Purpose: The main objective of this work is to outline and discuss the opportunities and challenges of using social media in the health area. Specifically, the objectives of this paper are to compare the role of health professionals and consumers with special reference to social media; detect the validity of the information available in social media, and understand how to deal with incorrect/false information, and to analyze the main characteristics of the publications on the subject social media in healthcare.
Methods: This article is a narrative review, also a descriptive quantitative research, using the techniques of bibliometrics and sociometry in order to obtain information relevant to the subject in question. Results: The results presented the countries, researchers and universities that produced the most on the subject, and demonstrated the efficiency of bibliometrics and sociometry techniques for health research, going beyond a narrative review.
Conclusion: It is concluded that social media is a competitive differential in the provision of health services. To this end, institutions should empower their employees, encourage them to seek and convey reliable and accurate information, monitor routines, and evaluate results through user feedback. Suggestion: To this end, institutions should empower their employees, encourage them to seek and convey reliable and accurate information, monitor routines, and evaluate results through user feedback.
IN VIVO EVALUATION OF TAZAROTENE SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES GEL FOR TOPICAL DELIVERY
Authors: Aland Rajkumar , Ganesan M. , Rajeswara Rao P. 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this research work was to develop and optimize the Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) of Tazarotene for the effective topical delivery in the treatment of psoriasis. Tazarotene loaded SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization followed by the ultrasonication using Taguchi’s design and based on the results further investigation was made using central composite design. The lipid Dynasan-116, surfactant poloxomer-188 and co surfactant egg lecithin resulted in better percent drug loading and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, TEM, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and stability. All parameters were found to be in an acceptable range. In vitro drug release of optimized SLN formulation (F1) was found to be 98.12 ± 1.52%, whereas pure drug release was 42.12 after 60 min. The optimized formulation was incorporated into the gel. The release rate (flux) of tazarotene across the membrane and excised skin differs significantly. The accumulative amount of Tazarotene in skin from SLN based gel formulation and marketed gel were 41.12 ± 0.12 mg and 30.02 ± 0.04 mg respectively. This result supported our hypothesis made in skin permeation studies on rat skin. From histopathological studies the microscopic observations indicate that the optimized SLN formulation, SLN based gel formulation and marketed gel has no significant effect on the microscopic structure of the skin. The skin-irritation studies indicated that SLN based gel containing Tazarotene did not show any sign of skin irritation as compared to moderate erythema shown by marketed gel formulation (Tazret® gel) after 72 h of application. Thus, SLN based gel formulation demonstrated advantage over marketed formulation in improving the skin tolerability of Tazarotene indicating their potential in improving patient acceptance and topical delivery of Tazarotene.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC FOR ESTIMATION OF NERATINIB IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Lakshmi Kanth M , Raj Kamal B 
Published: April 2019

An accurate RP-HPLC method developed for the estimation of Neratinib in bulk and tablet dosage form. The method is and validated for parameters linearity, accuracy, suitability, specificity, precession, LOD, LOQ and robustness. An Altima column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5µ) used for chromatographic separation within a runtime of 6 min. The mobile phase buffer (monopotassium phosphate) and acetonitrile (60:40 v/v) with 0.1% formic acid is used. The flow rate maintained at 1.0 ml/min with the effluents monitored at 215 nm. The Neratinib analyzed at retention time of 4.001. The concentration linear over 30-180µg/ml with regression equation y = 6065.6x + 795.43 and regression co-efficient 0.999.
THE IMPACT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF ANTICANCER NANOMATERIALS: A REVIEW
Authors: Sied Filli Mensura , Ibrahim Ahmed Abdalla , Aquib Md , Abbas Abdul Baset , Morshed Arwa , Boakye-yiadom Kofi Oti , Kesse Samuel , Farooq Muhammad Asim , Bazezy Mily , Wang Bo 
Published: April 2019

Cancer is a global leading cause of death which suffers from treatment failures mainly due to intensive toxicity and lack of effectiveness of conventional drugs. The application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment promises to overcome the limitations of conventional drugs/drug delivery systems and improve their therapeutic efficacy. Materials at the nano scale possess novel properties that have an impact on their biological behaviour. The physiological interactions of nanomedicines in the body, which differ from those of conventional medicines, may provide benefits in pharmaceutical and/or clinical applications including, improvements in solubility, stability, efficacy, reduction of side effects, prevention and treatment of diseases. This paper discusses the unique characteristics and distinguished advantages of nanomaterials as anticancer drug carriers. Physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are critical parameters to their clinical translation. Hence, the impact of the main physicochemical properties on the efficacy of anitcancer nanomaterials, which are found to effective for cancer treatment and/or diagnosis, are presented. It is important to have reliable and robust characterization techniques that could enable relate physicochemical properties of nanomaterials with their in vivo behaviour. Brief explanation of the different techniques that can be used for studying the different physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials is given. An important consideration, to achieve fast and successful development of nanotechnology-based anticancer drug products, is assessment and optimization of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties at the early stage. Obviously this requires collaboration among the different discovery and development scientists.
Vulnerabilidade feminina para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis durante visita íntima
Authors: Lobo Laynara Maria das Graças Alves , Almeida Mayron Morais , Santos Thiago Sampaio dos , Moraes Wygor Bruno e Silva , Freitas Darlyson Emanuel Sena de , Oliveira Francisco Braz Milanez 
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de mulheres acerca das vulnerabilidades para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) durante a visita Íntima em unidades de um sistema prisional. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado com 29 mulheres, companheiras de homens em situação de privação de liberdade. A produção dos dados de deu mediante entrevista realizada durante o ano de 2016. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio do software Iramutec. A pesquisa foi aprovada sob o nº CAAE: 56476715.3.0000.8007. Resultados: A idade dos participantes variou entre 18 a 46 anos; a cor da pele autorreferida parda foi predominante (65,5 %); 10,3% dos participantes referiram já terem adquirido alguma infecção sexualmente transmissível. Associou-se à prevenção e a proteção às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis ao uso do preservativo, sendo que a percepção da vulnerabilidade está ligada à confiança no parceiro. Conclusão: não houve percepção de vulnerabilidade para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis por parte das mulheres participantes do estudo, evidenciando a necessidade da promoção da educação sexual dessas mulheres e seus companheiros no contexto prisional. O estudo foi essencial para entender os conceitos de vulnerabilidade sob a percepção de uma população de risco, sendo que outros estudos são necessários para aprofundamento do tema.
COMPARING BREASTFEEDING AND FEEDING WITH INFANT FORMULA
Authors: Kent George 
Published: April 2019

Global guidelines for infant formula say the ingredients are supposed to be those “which have been proved to be suitable for infant feeding.” “Proven” has not been defined, so there has not been any authoritative proof of suitability.
Assessment of infant formula has focused on its ingredients. Globally, the Codex Alimentarius Commission has set out a list of ingredients that should be in all infant formula, while also giving national governments the option to introduce some variations within that framework. As illustrated by the practice in the United States, infant formula that includes the ingredients specified in the global guidelines and in national law is described as nutritionally adequate.
This is not good enough. The gold standard against which infant formula should be compared is optimal breastfeeding. The comparison should be based not on examination of formula’s ingredients but on examination of its performance. Does infant formula do what it is supposed to do? Does feeding with any particular type of infant formula protect the health of infants and their mothers as well as breastfeeding? If not, it is not functionally adequate.
Some might argue that while infant formula is not quite as good as breastfeeding for protecting infants’ health, it is not much worse. Families might have their own reasons for feeding their infants with formula. There is a need for serious discussion of the gap between breastfeeding and feeding with formula and about the degree to which considerations other than the infant’s health might play a role. New parents should be supported in making wise, well-informed choices about how they will feed their infants.
Exploring infant & young child feeding (IYCF) practices & perceptions in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Authors: Keith Regina Susan 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The aim of the research was to gain a greater understanding of infant and young child feeding perceptions and practices in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and the role of early years’ providers in supporting healthy feeding practices. The research was used to feed into ongoing commissioning and resource allocation priorities, taking into consideration continuing budget restrictions, to achieve nutrition outcomes through effective early years’ public health interventions.
Methodology: A qualitative methodology was applied. The target groups were mothers with children under five years old, early years ‘service providers and carers. The participants were selected using purposeful, convenience and snowball sampling methods. In total 18 focus group discussions, 36 interviews and 3 direct observation sessions were carried out with 144 participants across the borough.
Findings: There was generally widespread knowledge that breastfeeding is best for infants, however, there was less clarity on the best time for introducing complementary food and drinks to infants. Mothers trust health providers for information, but most used the internet, family and friends for information as it was easier to access. Some mothers reported mixed messages, pain, and pressure from the media, families and friends as the main reasons for changing from exclusive breastfeeding to mixed feeding. Some mothers reported lack of support postnatally and inconsistent advice such as service providers giving mixed messages, especially regarding feeding in public, mixed feeding and when to introduce other fluids and foods. The borough’s infant and young child feeding support workers were valued, but not all mothers knew about the service. Certain groups, such as those with English as a second language, teenage mothers and mothers without childcare reported not using services routinely.
Conclusions: Following presentation of the key findings, and a discussion with early years’ service providers, the Tower Hamlets Public Health Division suggested practice changes which were adopted by the LBTH council. The council committed to continue supporting the Infant Feeding & Wellbeing Service (known as the Baby Feeding Service) to continue to improve infant and young child feeding practices. Health visitors are encouraged to use their new 3-4 month contact with post-natal mothers, in addition to the five mandated universal contacts, as an opportunity to offer nutrition support to mothers. The council also approved increased nutrition capacity within the Health Visiting and Public Health team. More information is now available on the Tower Hamlets website to support mothers with clear nutrition and infant feeding information with details of the many services mothers can access in the borough.
What is done with questionable foods? The infant formula example
Authors: Kent George 
Published: April 2019

What is done with foods of questionable quality such as those that are outdated or recalled? There is no agency of government that tracks such foods, so they might re-enter the food stream, whether legally or illegally. This can put people’s health at risk. This is a major issue in relation to infant formula because infants are highly vulnerable and for a time formula can constitute their entire diet.
There is a need for clear law for the management of questionable foods and for active enforcement of the law. There is also a need for transparency for the entire process of handling questionable foods.
STRATEGI KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA SUKU JAWA DALAM INTERAKSI ANTARSUKU DI HALMAHERA UTARA
Authors: Nakrowi Zain Syaifudin , Pujiyanti Arifah 
Published: April 2019

Politeness Strategies in the Javanese Language in Interaction between Ethnicities in North Halmahera. This research was conducted to describe the perception of North Halmahera’s citizens towards the Javanese Ethnic’s speech politeness. The research strategy used was the qualitative research design which is assisted with quantitative design. The findings of this research show the scale of The Javanese Ethnic’s speech politeness according to the perception of North Halmahera’s citizens which has been sorted in this following order: 1) apologizing, 2) sympathizing, 3) pleasantries, 4) avoiding disputes, 5) optimistic, 6) respectful, 7) not forcing, 8) indirect, 9) modesty, 10) jokes, 11) involving speech partners in speech activities, 12) native identity markers, and 13) presumptions.
REPRESENTASI KEKUASAAN DALAM WACANA KELAS DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Authors: Asrianti Asrianti 
Published: April 2019

The Representation of Power in Classroom Discourse in Junior High School. This research describes power representation in classroom discourse. A qualitative approach was used in the research. It was classified into critical situation analysis. The data were collected through (1) observation, (2) recording, and (3) field notes. The data were analyzed through Miles and Huberman mode. The results indicate that there is an authority representation in the class situation at the school, namely; (1) representation formed authority in a class situation, (2) representation of authority strategy in a class situation, and (3) representation of authority function in the class situation. The results of authority form cover forms (a) command, (b) request, (c) prohibition, and (d) suggestion. The result of authority strategy cover forms: (a) control speech, (b) use threat, (c) give the tricky question, (d) be angry/pretend to be angry. Moreover, on authority function cover forms; (a) control learning process, (b) force, (c) trusted, and (d) respected.
YAPISAL KIRILMALAR ALTINDA SATIN ALMA GÜCÜ PARİTESİ HİPOTEZİNİN GEÇERLİLİĞİ: AVRASYA ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: SONGUR Mehmet 
Published: April 2019

Çalışmanın amacı, Satın Alma Gücü Paritesi hipotezinin Avrasya Ülkeleri
için panel veri analiz teknikleri kapsamında test edilmesidir. Çalışmada Satın
Alma Gücü Paritesi hipotezinin geçerliliği hem mutlak hem de nispi Satın Alma
Gücü Paritesi teorisi çerçevesinde araştırılmıştır. Mutlak satın alma gücü
paritesi hipotezi, reel döviz kurunun sabit bir ortalama etrafında dağılmasını
ifade etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, nispi satın alma gücü paritesi ise nominal
döviz kuru ile nispi fiyatlar arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğunda
geçerli olmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, çalışmada 10 Avrasya ülkesi (Ermenistan,
Azerbaycan, Belarus, Gürcistan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Moldova, Rusya,
Ukrayna ve Türkiye) için 2002-2017 dönemini kapsayan aylık veriler
kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada
yatay kesit bağımlılığını ve yapısal kırılmaları dikkate alan panel birim kök
ve panel eş bütünleşme testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular ele alınan
ülkelerde hem mutlak hem de nispi Satın Alma Gücü Paritesi hipotezinin geçerli
olduğunu göstermektedir.
ANLAMLANDIRMA TEORİSİ VE ANLAMLANDIRMA ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI: BİREYLERİN ÇEVRELERİNDEKİ DAVRANIŞLARI, OLAYLARI, İŞARETLERİ VE FARKLILIKLARI ANLAMLANDIRMA DURUMLARI
Authors: TUĞSAL Türker 
Published: April 2019

Anlamlandırma, bireylerin meydana gelen
olayları bilinçaltı ve bilinç düzeyinde yorumlaması ve neler olduğunu anlaması
süreci olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Anlamlandırma ile ilgili literatürde birçok
farklı araştırma olmasına rağmen; anlamlandırma ölçeğine rastlanmadığı ve
literatürde doldurulması gereken önemli bir boşluk olduğu fark edilmiştir. Bu
araştırmanın temel amacı ve literatüre katkısı özgün bir ölçek oluşturmaktır.
Ölçeğin geliştirilmesi aşamasında öncelikle ilgili literatür gözden geçirilerek
Smerek’in (2009) aktardığı bilgiler doğrultusunda Louis’in ve Weick’ın
(1988) anlamlandırma modellerinden
esinlenerek 22 maddelik 5’li Likert tipi ölçekleme yapılmıştır. Kolayda
örnekleme yöntemi ile 207 akademisyene elektronik posta aracılığıyla anketler gönderilip
104 geçerli veri toplanmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenilirliğini gösteren Cronbach’s
Alpha değeri yüksek güvenilirlik (0.897) düzeyinde bulunmuştur ve açıklayıcı
faktör analizi sonucunda beş faktör ölçeğin değişkenliğini %66.186 varyans ile
açıklamaktadır. Araştırmanın literatüre katkısı; ilk kez anlamlandırma ölçeği
oluşturulmuş olmasıdır. İkinci katkısı; söylem, eylem, olgu ve olayların bir
işaret olarak anlamlandırılması; belirsizliklerin azaltılarak, gelecekte olması
muhtemel hata, kaza, kaos, kriz gibi kötü olayların tahmin edilebilmesine ve
tedbir alınabilmesine imkân verebilir. Bu ölçeğin özellikle davranış bilimleri,
örgütsel davranış, yönetim ve organizasyon alanlarında yararlı olabileceği;
ayrıca, davranış bilimleri ile çok yakın ilişkisi bulunan psikoloji ve iletişim
bilimlerinin yanı sıra, siyaset bilimi ve askerî alanda fayda sağlayabileceği
düşünülmektedir.
ORAL DELIVERY OF ZOLMITRIPTAN LOADED FAST DISINTEGRATING FILM: FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION, IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO EVALUATION
Authors: Chauhan Iti , Yasir Mohammad , Verma Madhu 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Fast dissolving film technology has been developed out as a alternative drug delivery system that gives an exception advantage for taking medications. Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate the Zolmitriptan loaded fast disintegrating oral film by solvent casting method. Material and methods: A preliminary study was conducted to select a suitable film forming polymer and plasticiser concentration.The formulation was optimized with the help of 22 factorial designs in which polymer and plasticizer concentration at two levels was taken as independent factors and disintegration time, tensile strength and % elongation were taken as dependent factors. The optimized formulation OP1 was subjected to stability study as per the ICH guidelines at 40 ± 0.50C / 75 ± 5% RH for six months. In vivo studies were conducted on Wister albino rats and concentration of drug in blood was analysed by HPLC technique. Various pharmacokinetic parameters for OP1 were determined and compared with reference formulation (drug sol.). Result and Discussion: For optimized formulation various parameters were found to be in acceptable range and it was stable under specified conditions. The value of AUC0–t (ng h/ml), AUC0–∞ (ng h/ml) of the OP1 was found to be 723.91± 84.21, 770.90 ± 104.32, respectively, for the drug sol 468.56 ± 79.36, 500.37 ± 95.43 respectively. Relative bioavailability of OP1 was 1.55 time than that of drug sol. Conclusion: The formulation not only increases the bioavailability of drug but also produce the quick action for the migraine patients.