bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Variation in Fractures Conductivity and Well Location on Pressure Transient Response from Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Egya David , Sebastian Geiger , Corbett Patrick W. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Fractures often influence production behaviour in hydrocarbon reservoirs, yet the pressure transients observed in the wells may not show the conventional well-test signatures. In this case, the effect of fractures on production would be misinterperted or even completely missed. Fracture networks are commonly multi-scale and properties including aperture (or conductivity), length, connectivity and distribution vary greatly within a reservoir. The heterogeneous nature of fractured reservoirs make them very difficult to characterise and develop. In addition, the location of a producer within the fracture network also control flow rates and affect the pressure response; however, conventional well-test analysis assumes that the producer is located in symmetrical fracture networks. To improve our understanding of fracture flow behaviour from well-test data, and in order to better characterise the impact of fractures on reservoir performance, we investigate the effect of variations in fracture conductivity and location of the producer in the fracture network on the pressure transient responses.
Naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR) with well-connected fracture networks are traditionally simulated using the Dual-Porosity (DP) model. However, several studies have shown that the classic DP response (V-shape) corresponding to the DP model is an exceptional behaviour applicable only to certain reservoir geology and does not apply to all NFR. To overcome the limitations of the characteristic flow behaviour inherent to this model, we employ Discrete Fracture Matrix (DFM) modelling technique and an unstructured-grid reservoir simulator to generate synthetic pressure transients in all fracture networks that we analysed. Our rigorous and systematic geoengineering workflow enables us to correlate the pressure transients to the known geological features of the simulated reservoir model.
We observed that depending on the location of the producer in the fracture network and the properties of the fractures that the producer intercepts, the synthetic pressure transients vary significantly. We therefore use these insights to quantify the impact of variation in fracture conductivity and producer location on fracture flow behaviour and systematically present interpretations to these behaviours. Our findings enable us to interpret some unconventional features of intersecting fractures with variable conductivity. We observed that the behaviour of two intersecting fractures where the well asymmetrically intercepts a finite-conductivity fracture can be similar to that of a well intercepting a fracture in a connected fracture network with uniform fracture conductivity. Furthermore, a well intercepting a finite-conductivity fracture in NFR with both finite- and infinite-conductivity fractures would yield a dual-porosity response that may otherwise be absent if the fracture network is assumed to have uniform conductivity.
Improving river stage forecast by bed reconstruction in sinuous bends
Authors: Lin Yan-Ting , Chen Wei-Bo , Su Yuan-Fong , Han Jen-Yu , Jang Jiun-Huei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBed topography in river bends is highly non-uniform as a result of the spiral motion of fluid and sediment transports related to channel curvature. To grasp a full understanding of geomorphology and hydrology in natural river bends, detailed bed topography data are necessary, but are usually not of high enough quality and so require further interpolation for sophisticated studies. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed that is particularly suited to bathymetry interpolation in rivers with apparent bends. The thalweg and the two banks are used as geographical features to ensure that a concave cross-sectional bed-form can be found in bend geometry, while linear interpolations are conducted in the in accordance with secondary and main stream currents, respectively. In comparison with conventional spatial interpolation methods, the proposed algorithm is validated to ensure better performance in generating smooth and accurate bed topography in channel bends, which results in better predictions of river stage by 2D hydrodynamic simulation in practical field tests.
Sewer catchment effects on wastewater and biosolids odour management
Authors: Fisher Ruth , Shammay Ari , Alvarez–Gaitan Juan Pablo , Stuetz Richard M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The composition of wastewater in sewer catchments is known to affect the performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, there is limited knowledge as to how catchment characteristics, such as types of catchment industries, impact odour emissions from downstream sludge processing and biosolids management. Odorous emissions from biosolids processing at WWTPs can represent a significant community impact when the local population is exposed to odours. The main odorants emitted from biosolids are volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), however, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in emissions may also be perceptable after the removal of VSCs in odour abatement systems. Types of compounds present in emissions throughout biosolids processing at five WWTPs of varying sizes and levels of treatment (primary only and primary and secondary) were analysed. The ratio of total VSCs to VOCs in emissions, and the sensorial importance of each class varied between the sites. As a number of the VOCs in emissions were of industrial origin, this variation is likely dependent on industrial flows into the upstream sewer catchment. The impact of different emission compositions on both activated carbon and biologically based odour abatement systems were discussed.
Diverse Targeted Approaches to Battle Multidrug Resistance in Cancer
Authors: Shankaraiah Nagula , Nekkanti Shalini , Ommi Ojaswitha , P.S. Lakshmi Soukya 
Published: April 2018

:
The efficacy of successful cancer therapies is frequently hindered by the development of drug
resistance in the tumor. The term ‘drug resistance’ is used to illustrate the decreased effectiveness of a
drug in curing a disease or alleviating the symptoms of the patient. This phenomenon helps tumors to survive
the damage caused by a specific drug or group of drugs. In this context, studying the mechanisms of
drug resistance and applying this information to design customized treatment regimens can improve therapeutic
efficacy as well as the curative outcome. Over the years, numerous Multidrug Resistance (MDR)
mechanisms have been recognized and tremendous effort has been put into developing agents to address
them. The integration of data emerging from the elucidation of molecular and biochemical pathways and
specific tumor-associated factors has shown tremendous promise within the oncology community for improving
patient outcomes. In this review, we provide an overview of the utility of these molecular and biochemical
signaling processes as well as tumor-associated factors associated with MDR, for the rational
selection of cancer treatment strategies.
Melatonin Treatment Enhances Aβ Lymphatic Clearance in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Amyloidosis
Authors: Pappolla M.A. , Matsubara E. , Vidal R. , Pacheco-Quinto J. , Poeggeler B. , Zagorski M. , Sambamurti K. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
It has been postulated that inadequate clearance of the amyloid β protein (Aβ)
plays an important role in the accumulation of Aβ in sporadic late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD).
While the blood brain barrier (BBB) has taken the center stage in processes involving Aβ clearance, little
information is available about the role of the lymphatic system. We previously reported that Aβ is
cleared through the lymphatic system. We now assessed lymphatic Aβ clearance by treating a mouse
model of AD amyloidosis with melatonin, an Aβ aggregation inhibitor and immuno-regulatory neurohormone.

Objective:
To confirm and expand our initial finding that Aβ is cleared through the lymphatic system.
Lymphatic clearance of metabolic and cellular “waste” products from the brain into the peripheral lymphatic
system has been known for a long time. However, except for our prior report, there is no additional
experimental data published about Aβ being cleared into peripheral lymph nodes.

Methods:
For these experiments, we used a transgenic mouse model (Tg2576) that over-expresses a mutant
form of the Aβ precursor protein (APP) in the brain. We examined levels of Aβ in plasma and in
lymph nodes of transgenic mice as surrogate markers of vascular and lymphatic clearance, respectively.
Aβ levels were also measured in the brain and in multiple tissues.

Results:
Clearance of Aβ peptides through the lymphatic system was confirmed in this study. Treatment
with melatonin led to the following changes: 1-A statistically significant increase in soluble monomeric
Aβ40 and an increasing trend in Aβ42 in cervical and axillary lymph nodes of treated mice. 2-
Statistically significant decreases in oligomeric Aβ40 and a decreasing trend Aβ42 in the brain.

Conclusion:
The data expands on our prior report that the lymphatic system participates in Aβ clearance
from the brain. We propose that abnormalities in Aβ clearance through the lymphatic system may contribute
to the development of cerebral amyloidosis. Melatonin and related indole molecules (i.e., indole-
3-propionic acid) are known to inhibit Aβ aggregation although they do not reverse aggregated Aβ or
amyloid fibrils. Therefore, these substances should be further explored in prevention trials for delaying
the onset of cognitive impairment in high risk populations.
Growth Factor Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Mental Retardation before and after Neural Precursor Cell Transplantation
Authors: Yang Hui , Yang Yinxiang , Qu Suqing , Wang Zhaoyan , Lu Wei , Liu Fang , Liu Weipeng , Wang Qian , Sharma Aruna , Sharma Hari , Luan Zuo 
Published: April 2018

Objective: To investigate growth factor changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children
with mental retardation (MR) before and after neural precursor cell transplantation (NPCT), in an attempt
to provide experimental support for the clinical treatment of MR with NPCT.

Methods:
The study comprised of 28 MR children who received twice NPCT in our hospital. CSF was
collected at both times of NPCT to assess growth factors by ELISA. In addition, the content of insulinlike
growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in CSF was assayed to determine possible correlations between IGF-1
changes and the short-term therapeutic effect of NPCT.

Results:
Of all the growth factors detected in CSF, only IGF-1 was increased significantly after NPCT
(P<0.05). Fifteen of the twenty-eight MR children achieved short-term therapeutic efficacy, whereby
the content of IGF-1 after NPCT was significantly higher than that before NPCT (P<0.05). There was
no difference in IGF-1 content before and after NPCT in the remaining 13 MR children without shortterm
therapeutic effect (P=0.657). There was a significant difference in IGF-change between the two
groups of patients (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
IGF-1 may be one of the mechanisms contributing to the therapeutic effect of NPCT.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Moisture Content on Hysteretic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns
Authors: Lv Wenjuan , Liu Baodong , Li Ming , Li Lin , Zhang Pengyuan 
Published: April 2018

Background:For reinforced concrete structures under different humid conditions, the mechanical properties of concrete are significantly affected by the moisture content, which may result in a great change of the functional performance and bearing capacity.Objective:This paper presents an experiment to investigate the influence of the moisture content on the dynamic characteristics and hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete column.Results:The results show that the natural frequency of reinforced concrete columns increases quickly at an early stage of immersion, but there is little change when the columns are close to saturation; the difference between the natural frequencies before and after cyclic test grows as the moisture content rises. The damping ratio slightly decreases first and then increases with the increase of moisture content; the damping ratio after the cyclic test is larger than before the test due to the development of the micro-cracks.Conclusion:The trend of energy dissipation is on the rise with increasing moisture content, although at an early stage, it decreases slightly. According to the experimental result, a formula for the moisture content on the average energy dissipation of reinforced concrete columns is proposed.
Short-Term Crossover Study on the Effect of Orthogonalized Deep-Grooved Posterior Artificial Teeth on the Masticatory Efficiency of Complete Denture Wearers
Authors: Hashimoto Yuki , Sugimoto Kyoko , Tanaka Yuki , Sugimoto Hikaru , Minagi Shogo 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Mastication has been regarded to play an important role in achieving quality daily life for the elderly. On the occlusal surface of posterior artificial teeth, parallel grooves of 1 mm depth and 1 mm width with an inter-groove distance of 2 mm have been found to significantly improve masticatory efficiency on a mechanical simulator.

Materials and Methods:
In the present study, the effect of the grooved design on masticatory efficiency in edentulous subjects using a short-term crossover trial was evaluated. Six edentulous participants, 1 male and 5 females, were assigned into two groups. One received duplicated complete dentures with grooved molars first, and the other received duplicated complete dentures with conventional molars first. The design of the teeth was crossover after evaluating masticatory efficiency. Raw carrot, raw lettuce and mixed foodstuffs were used to evaluate masticatory efficiency. Subjects were instructed to masticate 20 strokes and arbitrary strokes until they felt like swallowing.

Results:
The number of masticatory strokes taken was significantly smaller using the grooved design (p<.05). Masticatory efficiency analysis revealed that the grooved design achieved significantly higher masticatory efficiency at 20 masticatory strokes for raw carrot and mixed foodstuffs (p<.05).

Conclusion:
Results show that compared with conventional lingualized occlusion, the grooved design accomplishes higher masticatory efficiency in vivo. Considering the distinction of this design that it can be applied to any existing denture occlusion, the design might help improve the dietary life of the elderly.
Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Morus alba Stem Extract
Authors: Yiemwattana Ichaya , Chaisomboon Niratcha , Jamdee Kusuma 
Published: April 2018

Background:Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Evidence for the anti inflammatory activity ofM. albaStem Extract (MSE) in periodontal disease is limited.Objective:The study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of MSE on the growth of periodontopathic bacteria and expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 inPorphyromonas gingivalisLipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human Periodontal Ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts.Methods:The antimicrobial activities of MSE were tested againstP. gingivalisandActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansby the disk diffusion, the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration methods. Cytotoxicity ofP. gingivalisLPS and MSE on hPDL fibroblasts was determined by MTS assay. The expression of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) mRNA and proteins in hPDL fibroblasts was measured using the reverse transcription-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results:MSE exhibited antibacterial activities againstP. gingivalisandA. actinomycetemcomitanswith the zones of inhibition of 10.00 ± 0.33 mm and 17.33 ± 0.58 mm, respectively. MIC and MBC values for MSE againstP. gingivaliswere 62.5 μg/ml. The MIC and MBC values againstA. actinomycetemcomitanswere 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/ml, respectively.P. gingivalisLPS was shown to mediate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in hPDL fibroblasts. However, treatment with MSE concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 μg/ml significantly suppressedP. gingivalisLPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA and protein expression (p< 0.05).Conclusion:The present study demonstrates that MSE has antibacterial activity against two putative periodontal pathogens. MSE suppressed IL-6 and IL-8 expression inP. gingivalisLPS-stimulated hPDL fibroblasts, indicating a possible anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, it is a potential adjunctive agent for the treatment of periodontitis.
Painted Redstarts (Myioborus Pictus) Attack Larger Prey when Using Flush-Pursue Strategy
Authors: Jablonski Piotr G. , Lee Sang-im 
Published: April 2018

Introduction:Prey escape reaction in insects is an antipredatory adaptation that is mediated by prey neural escape circuits with specific sensory properties.Methods:Certain insectivorous birds, flush-pursuers, exploit this visual sensitivity by employing conspicuous pivoting movements of spread tail and wings to flush the prey into the air where it is available for chase in aerial pursuits. Although it is known that this strategy increases the number of insects attacked, no information has been published on the size distribution of arthropods attacked using flush-pursue strategyvs. traditional gleaning and pecking off substrate strategy.Results:Based on one season of observational data of foraging redstarts (Myioborus pictus) we show that prey items that were flushed and chased were on average larger than prey pecked off of substrates.Conclusion:This may be one of the benefits from flush-pursue foraging – a strategy that is probably costly in terms of energy demands.
EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA E MESTRADO PROFISSIONAL: UMA ANALISE A PARTIR DO PROFMAT
Authors: Giacomazzo Graziela Fatima 
Published: April 2018

RESUMO O artigo apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa que buscou evidenciar também a Educação a Distância no Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional (PROFMAT), que iniciou em 2011 com o primeiro curso a nível de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em rede no Brasil na modalidade semipresencial. Diante das análises pode-se definir que no PROFMAT a Educação a Distância está sendo construída. Há dispositivos da Educação a Distância como ambiente virtual, material didático, roteiros de atividades, videoaulas, no entanto o trabalho e a atuação docente, na modalidade a distância em momentos de interação não presenciais, podem ser melhor explorados. Em relação aos discentes, os recursos da EaD não foram mais bem utilizados por não serem solicitados. Palavras-Chave: Educação a Distância. PROFMAT. Mestrado Profissional. ABSTRACT The article presents the results of a survey that also sought to highlight the Distance Learning in the Nationwide Professional Master’s in Mathematics (PROFMAT), which started in 2011 with the first nationwide Postgraduate Sensu Stricto course in Brazil in a system where students attend part of classes in the classroom and part in distance learning. The analysis shows that distance learning within the PROFMAT is in constant evolution. There are distance-learning characteristics such as virtual environment, textbooks, activities guidelines, video classes, however teaching in distance learning must better explored. Regarding students, the distance learning resources were not fully used for not being requested. Key Words: Distance Education. PROFMAT. Professional Master RESUMEN El artículo presenta los resultados de una encuesta que también trató de poner de relieve la Educación a Distancia en los Masters Profesionales en Matemáticas en la Red Nacional (PROFMAT), que inició en 2011 con el primer curso a nivel de posgrado Stricto Sensu en la red en Brasil en la modalidad semi presencial. De acuerdo con los análisis se puede decir que en el PROFMAT la Educación a distancia se está construyendo. Hay dispositivos de Educación a Distancia como: entorno virtual, materiales educativos, actividades con guiones, clases de video, sin embargo, el trabajo y el desempeño docente, en la modalidad a distancia en momentos de interacción no presenciales, puede ser mejor aprovechado. En cuanto a los estudiantes, los recursos de educación a distancia no fueron mejor utilizados por no haber sido solicitada. Palabras clave: Educación a Distancia. PROFMAT. Máster Profesional.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22169/revint.v10i21.756
Epigenética del cáncer colorrectal
Authors: Afanador Ayala Carlos Humberto , Muñetón Peña Carlos Mario 
Published: April 2018

El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es una enfermedad con una amplia distribución geográfica, que afecta millones de personas en el mundo. Esta neoplasia se presenta de manera esporádica en el 80% de los casos, el porcentaje restante tiene una historia familiar. Las alteraciones epigenéticas, como la metilación del ADN, modificación de las histonas y los RNA no codificantes, están involucrados en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. En la actualidad, estas alteraciones, tienen un potencial valioso como biomarcadores para la detección temprana del CCR, y se considera que podrían ser útiles para el diagnóstico y pronóstico de los individuos con CCR. El propósito de esta revisión es describir los principales mecanismos epigenéticos involucrados con el cáncer colorrectal, los cuales tienen una función importante en el desarrollo y progresión de la enfermedad.
Probióticos en diarrea aguda, asociada a antibióticos y nosocomial: evidencia en pediatría
Authors: Posada Bustos Sebastian , Vera Chamorro Jose Fernando 
Published: April 2018

Introducción: Los probióticos son microorganismos vivos, que administrados en cantidades adecuadas proveen una acción benéfica en el ser humano. Existen numerosos estudios acerca de su uso en enfermedad diarreica en pediatría, por lo que se hace necesario evaluar la evidencia.Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura incluyendo solo metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas en los últimos diez años acerca del uso de probióticos en diarrea aguda, diarrea asociada a antibióticos y Clostridium difficile y diarrea nosocomial.Resultados: En diarrea aguda, metaanálisis muestran disminución de la duración en un día (IC 95%; 15,9 a 33,6 horas) y disminución del riesgo de prolongación en los siguientes 4 y 7 días, con recomendaciones fuertes y evidencia moderada para Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG y Saccharomyces boulardii. En diarrea asociada a antibióticos y a Clostridium difficile, los metanálisis muestran reducción del riesgo entre el 50-60%, con recomendación fuerte para Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG y Saccharomyces boulardii con un NNT de 10 (IC 95%; 7-12). En diarrea nosocomial se encontró evidencia moderada con el uso de Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, principalmente en reducción del riesgo de gastroenteritis sintomática por rotavirus. Sin evidencia suficiente para dar recomendación para las cepas S. thermophiles y B. bifidum. Conclusión: Sólo existe evidencia con los probióticos Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG y Saccharomyces boulardii en reducción de la duración y disminución del riesgo de prolongación de diarrea aguda, así como reducción del riesgo entre 50-60% de diarrea asociada a antibióticos. Existe evidencia moderada con Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, en la reducción de riesgo de diarrea nosocomial.