bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Понятие формы и процесс формообразования в фортепианной музыке: холистический подход
Authors: Xiaoxue Gan 
Published: July 2018

Цель статьи – раскрыть значение категории формы применительно к фортепианному творчеству, учитывая композиторский, исполнительский и музыковедческий подходы к нему. Методология работы включает исторический и теоретико-аналитический музыковедческие методы, принципы музыкально-исполнительской текстологии, базируется на холистическом подходе. Научная новизна исследования заключается в создании целостной концепции природы и способов формообразования в фортепианной музыке, позволяющей определять общие параметры композиторского и исполнительского творчества. Выводы. Форма и формообразования выступают главными критериями родового, видового и композиционного своеобразия музыкального искусства, музыкально-творческого процесса. Их отличительным качеством является единство композиторской и исполнительской, структурной и семантической сторон, антиципации и апперцепции, выражающее целостность музыкального образа и его воздействия.Ключевые слова: форма, формообразование, холистический подход, фортепианная музыка, музыкально-творческий процесс, музыкальный образ, музыкальное воздействие.
Total Fluid Intake and the Risk of Recurrence in Patients With Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jochems Sylvia H.J. , van Osch Frits H.M. , Reulen Raoul C. , van Hensbergen Mitch , Nekeman Duncan , Pirrie Sarah J. , Wesselius Anke , van Schooten Frederik J. , James Nicholas D. , Wallace D. Michael A. , Bryan Richard T. , Cheng K.K. , Zeegers Maurice P. 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: To investigate the role of fluid intake from beverages before and after a diagnosis of bladder cancer in relation to the risk of developing bladder cancer recurrence. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: 716 patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), who received transurethral resection of a primary bladder tumour (TURBT) and completed self-administrated questionnaires on usual fluid intake from beverages at time of diagnosis (over the year before diagnosis) and during follow-up (over the year after diagnosis), were included. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of developing recurrent bladder cancer in relation to the intake of total fluid, total alcohol, and individual beverages. Results: During 2,025 person-years of follow-up, 238 (33%) of the included 716 NMIBC patients developed one or more recurrences of bladder cancer. Total fluid intake before diagnosis was not associated with a first recurrence of bladder cancer when comparing the highest and lowest intake group (HR = 0.98, 95% C.I. 0.70–1.38, p = 0.91). Comparable results were obtained for total fluid intake pre-diagnosis and the risk of developing multiple recurrences of bladder cancer (HR = 1.01, 95% C.I. 0.87–1.19, p = 0.85). A total of 379 of the 716 patients reported on usual fluid intake within 1 year of diagnosis. No significant associations between total fluid intake 1 year after diagnosis and a first recurrence of bladder cancer were found when comparing the highest and lowest intake group (HR = 0.91; 95% C.I. 0.60–1.37, p = 0.65) or with multiple recurrences of bladder cancer (HR = 1.06; 95% C.I. 0.89–1.26, p = 0.54). In addition, total alcohol intake and individual beverages were not associated with bladder cancer recurrence. Conclusions: The results indicate that an individual’s fluid intake from beverages is unlikely to have an important role in bladder cancer recurrence.
The Effects of Music Therapy on Cognition, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lyu Jihui , Zhang Jingnan , Mu Haiyan , Li Wenjie , Champ Mei , Xiong Qian , Gao Tian , Xie Lijuan , Jin Weiye , Yang Wan , Cui Mengnan , Gao Maolong , Li Mo 
Published: July 2018

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, affecting millions of older people worldwide. However, pharmacological therapies have not achieved desirable clinical efficacy in the past decades. Non-pharmacological therapies have been receiving increased attention to treat dementia in recent years. Objective: This study explores the effects of music therapy on cognitive function and mental wellbeing of patients with AD. Methods: A total number of 298 AD patients with mild, moderate, or severe dementia participated in the study. The participants with each grade of severity were randomly divided into three groups, which were a singing group, a lyric reading group, and a control group. These three groups received different interventions for three months. All participants underwent a series of tests on cognitive functions, neuropsychological symptoms, and activities of daily living at baseline, three months, and six months. Results: The analysis shows that music therapy is more effective for improving verbal fluency and for alleviating the psychiatric symptoms and caregiver distress than lyrics reading in patients with AD. Stratified analysis shows that music therapy is effective for enhancing memory and language ability in patients with mild AD and reducing the psychiatric symptoms and caregiver distress in patients with moderate or severe AD. However, no significant effect was found for activities of daily living in patients with mild, moderate, or severe AD. Conclusion: This study suggests that music therapy is effective in enhancing cognitive function and mental wellbeing and can be recommended as an alternative approach to manage AD associated symptoms.
Optimal First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hahn Andrew W. , Hale Peter , Maughan Benjamin L. , Haaland Benjamin , Agarwal Neeraj 
Published: July 2018

Background: First-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has incrementally evolved over the past decade. Most recently, promising clinical trials for first-line cabozantinib, nivolumab plus ipilimumab, and bevacizumab plus atezolizumab were reported. However, the comparator arm in all of these trials was sunitinib, so no head-to-head comparison exists for contemporary first-line treatments. Objective: To provide an indirect comparison of first-line treatments for mRCC that are currently approved or likely soon to be approved. Methods: Pivotal phase 2/3 clinical trials comparing currently approved first-line agents and novel regimens of nivolumab plus ipilimumab and bevacizumab plus atezolizumab were included if they reported overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), or objective response rate (ORR). Network meta-analysis of OS, PFS, and ORR was conducted in the context of Bayesian hierarchical log-linear models with both within and between study variance components. Results: For OS, evidence suggests nivolumab plus ipilimumab may be the best first-line treatment available for mRCC (probability best 52%). In contrast, cabozantinib may be superior to other first-line treatments for PFS (probability best 69%) and ORR (probability best 95%). Conclusion: For first-line treatment of mRCC, cabozantinib appears superior to other agents for PFS and ORR, whereas, nivolumab plus ipilimumab may be the best treatment for OS. No single agent was superior to comparators across all endpoints. First-line treatment for mRCC should be tailored to individual cases based on the unique characteristics of each treatment regimen.
Glucocorticoids Inhibit Group 3 Innate Lymphocyte IL-22 Production
Authors: Seshadri Sudarshan , Pope Rosemary L. , Zenewicz Lauren A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly prescribed to patients with a variety of inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GCs mediate their immunomodulatory effects through many different mechanisms and target multiple signaling pathways. The GC dexamethasone downmodulates innate and adaptive immune cell activation. IBD is the manifestation of a dysregulated immune response involving many different immune cells. Group 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3s) have critical roles in mucosal inflammation. ILC3s secrete high levels of the cytokine IL-22, promoting epithelial proliferation, antimicrobial peptides, and mucins. In this study, we examined the effects of dexamethasone on IL-22 production by ILC3s. We found that dexamethasone suppressed IL-23–mediated IL-22 production in human and mouse ILC3s. This was mediated in part through dexamethasone modulation of the NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling with a small molecule inhibitor also downmodulated IL-23– and IL-1β–mediated IL-22 production in ILC3s. These findings implicate NF-κB as a regulator of IL-22 in ILC3s and likely have repercussions on GC treatment of IBD patients.
Undergraduate students’ perceptions of factors affecting job satisfaction
Authors: Van der Schyff Rhyno , Botha Doret , Ellis Suria 
Published: July 2018

Orientation: Globally, people engage in work and sell their services to an organisation in exchange for compensation. This compensation can have a significant effect on employees’ attitude towards their work, resulting in either job satisfaction or job dissatisfaction. A high level of job satisfaction can increase organisational effectiveness and, subsequently, the organisation’s performance, whereas job dissatisfaction can cause employees to be less motivated, which can in turn decrease their productivity, effectiveness and individual performance.Research purpose: This study was conducted with the aim to investigate undergraduate students’ perceptions of the factors affecting job satisfaction.Motivation for the study: Currently, there is a paucity of published research on the views of undergraduate students on the factors affecting job satisfaction.Research approach/design and method: The study took a positivistic research approach, and a quantitative design was used. A stratified quota sampling technique was employed to select the respondents for the study; a certain quota was met in terms of race, gender and faculty of study. In total, 270 undergraduate students participated in the study.Main findings: The empirical results indicated no significant association between the demographic variables (previous work experience, gender, race and field of study) and almost all occupational dimensions of job satisfaction, working conditions and recognition. However, medium to large positive relations were measured between the dimensions of job satisfaction, working conditions and recognition. It was evident from the study that all the dimensions measured are considered important for obtaining job satisfaction in the workplace.Practical and managerial implications: It is important for managers to get an understanding of the views of young people on work-related issues in order to create an understanding of young people’s needs and aspirations, as they are the future permanent labour force, managers and leaders of a country.Contribution/value-add: The study brought to light the views of undergraduate students on the factors affecting job satisfaction.
Direct identification and susceptibility testing of Gram-negative bacilli from turbid urine samples using VITEK2
Authors: Angaali Neelima , Vemu Laxmi , Padmasri Chavali , Mamidi Neeraja , Teja Vijay Dharma 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infectious diseases occurring in either the community or healthcare setting. Turnaround time for urine culture is about 24 h, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) requires another 24 h. Consequently, initial antibiotic therapy is mostly empirical.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted at Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. Turbid urine samples which showed pus cells and Gram‑negative (GN) bacilli of single morphotype were included. The turbidity of the urine was adjusted to 0.5 McFarland and uploaded directly in the VITEK 2 identification (ID) GN and N‑280 panel for AST. The specimen was also inoculated on CHROMagar, and the ID and AST of the isolates from the agar plate were repeated on VITEK 2, and the results were compared.
RESULTS: Out of 844 turbid urines screened, 62 met the inclusion criteria. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (71.9%). Complete agreement for ID was 80.7%, misidentified were 12.2%, and unidentified were 7%. Complete agreement with AST was 94.3%, very major errors 0.5%, major errors 2.2%, and minor errors 3%.
Conclusions: With a 94.3% agreement for AST and a reduced turnaround time by 24 h, the direct inoculation had a potential clinical benefit for initiating timely and appropriate antibiotic therapy for UTI.
Spectrum of candidal species isolated from neonates admitted in an Intensive Care Unit of teaching hospital of Kashmir, North India
Authors: Nazir Asifa , Masoodi Talat 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Candidal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Neonatal candidiasis is increasing in frequency, mainly because of increase in the survival of babies with low-birth weight, preterm births, advancement in medical field, life support systems, relative immunodeficiency, and extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Over the past few decades, there has been a progressive shift from the predominance of Candida albicans to nonalbicans Candida species.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of the current study was to know the prevalence of nonalbicans candidemia in neonates and their antifungal susceptibility pattern.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 424 samples from clinically diagnosed septicemic neonates were included. Identification of Candida isolates from these samples as well as their antifungal sensitivity testing was performed with Vitek 2 Compact (Biomerieux France) using Vitek 2 cards for identification of yeast and yeast-like organisms (ID-YST cards).
Results: A total of 246/424 (58.01%) cases were blood culture positive. Out of these, 80/246 samples tested positive for candidemia (32.5%). Candida tropicalis (13.8%) was the predominant species isolated among the non-albicans Candida followed by Candida krusei (4.8%), Candida parapsilosis (3.2%), Candida guilliermondii (2.8%), and Candida dubliniensis (2.0%). We found an increase in the antifungal drug resistance, especially for the azole group of drugs, both in C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species. All the isolates were uniformly sensitive to micafungin, voriconazole, and caspofungin.
Conclusions: Candidemia in neonates is an ominous prognostic sign and is an important entity in our region. The present study highlights the mycological shift of Candida species in neonatal candidemia with a preponderance of nonalbicans Candida species.
Concept and connotation of oxidative stress in preeclampsia
Authors: Al-Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Al-Maiahy Thabat J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is a systemic pregnancy-related disorder characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. Free radicals seem to play an important role in the induction of endothelial dysfunction in PE.
AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), paraoxonase (PON-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid profile in preeclamptic patients compared to the women with normal pregnancy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 68 pregnant women were recruited. They were divided into two groups - Group A, 40 women were a newly diagnosed with PE and Group B, 28 women with normal pregnancy. Anthropometric measurements including body mass index and blood pressure in accordance with biochemical measurements including NO, ONOO−, PON-1, MDA, and lipid profile were done for preeclamptic pregnant women compared to the controls.
RESULTS: Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia illustrated insignificant differences in the age (31.22±2.87) compared to the age of control P > 0.05. There were significant changes in the body mass index (BMI) , type of delivery and smoking status of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control P < 0.05. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were high in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control P < 0.01. PON-1 and NO serum levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) while ONOO− and MDA serum levels were significantly increased in PE compared to the women with normal pregnancy.
Conclusions: This study concluded that PE is associated with the augmentation of oxidative stress and reduction of endogenous antioxidant capacity regarding PON-1.
The t(1;10)(p22;q24) TGFBR3/MGEA5 Translocation in Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor, Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma, and Hemosiderotic Fibrolipomatous Tumor
Authors: Liu Huifei , Sukov William R. , Ro Jae Y. 
Published: July 2018

Context.—Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) of soft parts, hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor (HFLT), and myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) are 3 distinct entities of low-grade spindle cell mesenchymal neoplasm. These tumors have similar clinical presentations and partially overlapping but distinctive pathologic features. A recurrent translocation, t(1;10)(p22;q24), has been detected in a subset of PHAT, HFLT, MIFS, and HFLT/MIFS hybrid cases. Translocation t(1;10)(p22;q24) involves transforming growth factor β-receptor 3 (TGFBR3) and meningioma-expressed antigen 5 (MGEA5) genes on chromosomes 1p22 and 10q24, respectively. However, the percentage of translocation in PHAT, HFLT, and MIFS varies significantly among different studies. The relationship among these tumors has been a controversial topic among experts.Objective.—To discuss the diagnostic and functional significance of translocation t(1;10)(p22;q24) TGFBR3/MGEA5 rearrangement in HFLT, PHAT, and MIFS.Data Sources.—PubMed was used for this study.Conclusions.—Diagnosis of HFLT, PHAT, and MIFS is challenging because of a lack of unique morphologic, immunophenotypic, molecular, and cytogenetic markers. The recurrent t(1;10)(p22;q24) translocation and/or TGFBR3/MGEA5 rearrangement was reported in 55 patients, with a relatively even distribution among HFLT, PHAT, and MIFS (17 HFLT, 15 MIFS, 13 MIFS/HFLT, and 10 PHAT). This indicates that current morphology-based diagnostic criteria do not identify reliably the subset of soft tissue tumor with t(1;10) translocation. Genetic heterogeneity of these tumors is supported by the recent detection of a mutually exclusive, second recurrent genetic change, t(7;17) TOM1L2-BRAF translocation or BRAF amplification, in a subset of MIFS.
Molecular Fingerprinting of Anatomically and Temporally Distinct B-Cell Lymphoma Samples by Next-Generation Sequencing to Establish Clonal Relatedness
Authors: Matynia Anna P. , Li K. David , Szankasi Philippe , Schumacher Jonathan , Liew Michael , Salama Mohamed E. , Kelley Todd W. 
Published: July 2018

Context.—B-cell lymphomas exhibit balanced translocations that involve immunoglobulin loci and result from aberrant V(D)J recombination, class switch recombination, or somatic hypermutation. Although most of the breakpoints in the immunoglobulin loci occur in defined regions, those in the partner genes vary; therefore, it is unlikely that 2 independent clones would share identical breakpoints in both partners. Establishing whether a new lesion in a patient with history of lymphoma represents recurrence or a new process can be relevant. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based clonality assays used in this setting rely only on evaluating the length of a given rearrangement. In contrast, next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides the exact translocation breakpoint at single-base resolution.Objective.—To determine if translocation breakpoint coordinates can serve as a molecular fingerprint unique to a distinct clonal population.Design.—Thirty-eight follicular lymphoma/diffuse large B-cell lymphoma samples collected from different anatomic sites and/or at different time points from 18 patients were analyzed by NGS. For comparison, PCR-based B-cell clonality and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies were performed on a subset of cases.Results.—IGH-BCL2 rearrangements were detected in all samples. The breakpoint coordinates on derivative chromosome(s) were identical in all samples from a given patient, but distinct between samples derived from different patients. Additionally, 5 patients carried a second rearrangement also with conserved breakpoint coordinates in the follow-up sample(s).Conclusions.—Breakpoint coordinates in the immunoglobulin and partner genes can be used to establish clonal relatedness of anatomically/temporally distinct lesions. Additionally, an NGS-based approach has the potential to detect secondary translocations that may have prognostic and therapeutic significance.
Ateist ve Deistlerin Din Algısı: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Psiko-Sosyolojik Bir Araştırma / Approachs of Atheists and Deists to Religion: A Psycho-Sociological Research on University Students
Authors: Zavalsız Yusuf Sinan , Şahin Ensar 
Published: July 2018

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This study deals with changing views and attitudes of individuals towards creator and religion. Apart from this, we analyzed the reasons behind the change of opinions.</p><p>In this paper, we also investigated in a psychosocial approach what lies in the background of that through which atheists and deists adopted this understanding. After we briefly explained the terms "atheism" and "deism" we inquired about the family relations of respondents beginning from their childhood and puberty ages. We asked the respondents whether they are informed by families and the frequency of their practising the duties of past religious affiliates which is followed by sceptical manner about the religion adhered questioning if they experienced any traumatic event and examined the circumstances that motivated them to be atheists or deists. We also sought to determine similarities and differences between atheists and deists in terms of the way of thinking.</p><p>This research has been prepared within the frame of the interviews carried out with 25 volunteers, 15 of whom were atheists and 10 deists. Some of the interviews were recorded their consent having been obtained. As per the right of privacy and the request of the subjects, their universities, identity and personal information have been kept confidential. Nevertheless, they have been given nicknames to be used exclusively in this research.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Araştırmamız, Ateist ve Deistlerin Din Algısı: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Psiko-Sosyolojik Bir Araştırma başlığı altında, bireylerin, yaratıcı ve din konusunda değişen düşüncelerini ele almaktadır. Düşünce değişikliğinin arka planında hangi kodların bulunduğu ayrıca irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır. </p><p>Bu çalışmada ateist ve deistlerin, arka planda ateizmi ve deizmi benimsemesine yol açan sebeplerin neler olduğu psiko-sosyal bir bakış açısıyla incelenecektir. Ateizm ve deizmin ne olduğu kısaca izah edildikten sonra deneklerin çocukluk ve ergenlik döneminden başlanarak aile ilişkileri ele alınmıştır. Dinî konularda ailesi tarafından bilgilendirilme durumu, toplumla ilişkileri, daha önce mensup olduğu dinin ibadetlerini yerine getirip getirmeme sıklığı sorulmuştur. Sonrasında mensup olunan dine dair taşınan şüpheler, hayatlarını etkileyen travmatik bir olay yaşayıp yaşamadıkları, onları ateist veya deist olmaya iten faktörler irdelenmiştir. Ateist ve deistlerin birbirinden ayrıldığı ve benzer düşündüğü konular ortaya çıkartılmaya çalışılmıştır.</p><p>Araştırma, 15’i ateist, 10’u deist, toplam 25 gönüllü öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilen mülakatlar çerçevesinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Mülakatlarda, isteğe bağlı olarak ses kaydı alınmıştır. Özel hayatın gizliliği ilkesince ve deneklerin talepleri doğrultusunda, üniversiteleri, kimlik bilgileri ve isimleri gizli tutulmuş, yalnız bu çalışmada kullanılmak üzere kendilerine takma isim verilmiştir.</p>