bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation in Homosexual and Heterosexual Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies
Authors: Barbonetti Arcangelo , D’Andrea Settimio , Cavallo Francesca , Martorella Alessio , Francavilla Sandro , Francavilla Felice 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Comparative studies on differences in sexual function outcomes between homosexual and heterosexual men are sparse and inconclusive.

Aim
To systematically evaluate whether, and to what extent, a statistically significant difference exists in the odds of erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) between homosexual and heterosexual men.

Methods
A thorough search of Medline, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases was carried out to identify case-control studies comparing the prevalence of ED and PE in homosexual and heterosexual men. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) of reporting ED and PE were combined using random effect models. The Cochrane Q and I2 tests were carried out to analyze the between-studies heterogeneity. Funnel plots and trim-and-fill analysis were used to assess publication bias.

Main Outcome Measures
The relationship between sexual orientation and odds of ED and PE was assessed by calculating pooled ORs with a 95% CI.

Results
4 studies included in the quantitative analysis collectively provided information on 1,807 homosexual and 4,055 heterosexual men. The pooled ORs indicated that homosexual orientation was associated with 1.5-fold higher odds of reporting ED (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.03–2.16; P = .04) and 28.0% lower odds of reporting PE in comparison to the heterosexual orientation (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.52–1.00; P = .05). However, a significant heterogeneity among the studies was observed. Funnel plots revealed a possible publication bias only for the ED analysis, where the trim-and-fill test detected a putative missing study. Nevertheless, even when the pooled estimate was adjusted for publication bias, there was a significantly higher risk of ED in the homosexual group (adjusted OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.10–2.30; P = .01).

Clinical Implications
These findings can drive future studies on sexual needs and concerns of homosexual men, which might not exactly match those of heterosexual individuals.

Strength & Limitations
This is the first meta-analysis exploring the differences in the prevalence of ED and PE between homosexual and heterosexual men. However, the results should be interpreted with caution, because their generalization could be hindered by the non-probabilistic nature of the samples, and a measurement bias could result from the use of different non-standardized indicators of sexual dysfunctions.

Conclusion
Homosexual orientation is associated with higher odds of ED and lower odds of PE compared with heterosexual orientation. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the clinical significance of these findings and whether they reflect differences in patterns of sexual lifestyle.
Developing influenza and respiratory syncytial virus activity thresholds for syndromic surveillance in England
Authors: Harcourt S. E. , Morbey R. A. , Smith G. E. , Loveridge P. , Green H. K. , Pebody R. , Rutter J. , Yeates F. A. , Stuttard G. , Elliot A. J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are common causes of respiratory tract infections and place a burden on health services each winter. Systems to describe the timing and intensity of such activity will improve the public health response and deployment of interventions to these pressures. Here we develop early warning and activity intensity thresholds for monitoring influenza and RSV using two novel data sources: general practitioner out-of-hours consultations (GP OOH) and telehealth calls (NHS 111). Moving Epidemic Method (MEM) thresholds were developed for winter 2017–2018. The NHS 111 cold/flu threshold was breached several weeks in advance of other systems. The NHS 111 RSV epidemic threshold was breached in week 41, in advance of RSV laboratory reporting. Combining the use of MEM thresholds with daily monitoring of NHS 111 and GP OOH syndromic surveillance systems provides the potential to alert to threshold breaches in real-time. An advantage of using thresholds across different health systems is the ability to capture a range of healthcare-seeking behaviour, which may reflect differences in disease severity. This study also provides a quantifiable measure of seasonal RSV activity, which contributes to our understanding of RSV activity in advance of the potential introduction of new RSV vaccines.
Understanding the Impacts of Short‐Term Climate Variability on Drinking Water Source Quality: Observations From Three Distinct Climatic Regions in Tanzania
Authors: Guo Danlu , Thomas Jacqueline , Lazaro Alfred , Mahundo Clarence , Lwetoijera Dickson , Mrimi Emmanuel , Matwewe Fatuma , Johnson Fiona 
Published: March 2019

AbstractClimate change is expected to increase waterborne diseases especially in developing countries. However, we lack understanding of how different types of water sources (both improved and unimproved) are affected by climate change, and thus, where to prioritize future investments and improvements to maximize health outcomes. This is due to limited knowledge of the relationships between source water quality and the observed variability in climate conditions. To address this gap, a 20‐month observational study was conducted in Tanzania, aiming to understand how water quality changes at various types of sources due to short‐term climate variability. Nine rounds of microbiological water quality sampling were conducted for Escherichia coli and total coliforms, at three study sites within different climatic regions. Each round included approximately 233 samples from water sources and 632 samples from households. To identify relationships between water quality and short‐term climate variability, Bayesian hierarchical modeling was adopted, allowing these relationships to vary with source types and sampling regions to account for potentially different physical processes. Across water sources, increases in E. coli/total coliform levels were most closely related to increases in recent heavy rainfall. Our key recommendations to future longitudinal studies are (a) demonstrated value of high sampling frequency and temporal coverage (a minimum of 3 years) especially during wet seasons; (b) utility of the Bayesian hierarchical models to pool data from multiple sites while allowing for variations across space and water sources; and (c) importance of a multidisciplinary team approach with consistent commitment and sharing of knowledge.
Carotid chemoreceptor denervation does not impair hypoxia-induced thermal downregulation but vitiates recovery from a hypothermic and hypometabolic state in mice
Authors: Hemelrijk Sebastiaan D. , van Gulik Thomas M. , Heger Michal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInduction of hypothermia and consequent hypometabolism by pharmacological downmodulation of the internal thermostat could be protective in various medical situations such as ischemia/reperfusion. Systemic hypoxia is a trigger of thermostat downregulation in some mammals, which is sensed though carotid chemoreceptors (carotid bodies, CBs). Using non-invasive thermographic imaging in mice, we demonstrated that surgical bilateral CB denervation does not hamper hypoxia-induced hypothermia. However, the recovery from a protective and reversible hypothermic state after restoration to normoxic conditions was impaired in CB-resected mice versus control animals. Therefore, the carotid chemoreceptors play an important role in the central regulation of hypoxia-driven hypothermia in mice, but only in the rewarming phase.
Spatially resolved carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios in NGC 253 using optically thin tracers
Authors: Martín S. , Muller S. , Henkel C. , Meier D. S. , Aladro R. , Sakamoto K. , van der Werf P. P. 
Published: March 2019

Context. One of the most important aspects of modern astrophysics is related to our understanding of the origin of elements and chemical evolution in the large variety of astronomical sources. Nuclear regions of galaxies undergo heavy processing of matter, and are therefore ideal targets to investigate matter cycles via determination of elemental and isotopic abundances.
Aims. To trace chemical evolution in a prototypical starburst environment, we spatially resolve carbon and oxygen isotope ratios across the central molecular zone (CMZ; full size ∼600 pc) in the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253.
Methods. We imaged the emission of the optically thin isotopologues 13CO, C18O, C17O, 13C18O at a spatial resolution ∼50 pc, comparable to the typical size of giant molecular associations. Optical depth effects and contamination of 13C18O by C4H are discussed and accounted for to derive column densities.
Results. This is the first extragalactic detection of the double isotopologue 13C18O. Derived isotopic ratios 12C/13C ∼ 21 ± 6, 16O/18O ∼ 130 ± 40, and 18O/17O ∼ 4.5 ± 0.8 differ from the generally adopted values in the nuclei of galaxies.
Conclusions. The molecular clouds in the central region of NGC 253 show similar rare isotope enrichment to those within the CMZ of the Milky way. This enrichment is attributed to stellar nucleosynthesis. Measured isotopic ratios suggest an enhancement of 18O as compared to our Galactic centre, which we attribute to an extra 18O injection from massive stars. Our observations show evidence for mixing of distinct gas components with different degrees of processing. We observe an extra molecular component of highly processed gas on top of the already proposed less processed gas being transported to the central region of NGC 253. Such a multicomponent nature and optical depth effects may hinder the use of isotopic ratios based on a spatially unresolved line to infer the star formation history and/or initial stellar mass function properties galaxy nuclei.
Mit großen Schritten voran
Authors: Risse Ludger 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungNach Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein und Niedersachsen wird nun auch das
einwohnerstärkste Bundesland NRW eine Pflegekammer errichten. Mehr über
den Stand der Dinge und warum gerade diese Kammer Auswirkungen auf den Rest der
Bundesrepublik haben könnte.
Smartphone statt Klingel
Authors: Ploch Karin , Neeser Elisabeth 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungÜber eine App können Patienten im Diakoniewerk München-Maxvorstadt mitteilen, ob
sie ein Schmerzmittel wünschen oder eine Serviceleistung. Pflegende können so
die Arbeit priorisieren und Ihre Aufgaben besser planen und
verteilen.
Reversible Splenial Lesion Syndrome Associated with Encephalitis/Encephalopathy and Hyponatremia
Authors: Güngör Serdal , Kılıç Betül , Aslan Mahmut , Özgör Bilge 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) is a rare occurrence with a broad clinical and radiological spectrum due to several conditions and diseases. Generally, clinical symptoms of RESLES include mildly altered states of consciousness, delirium, and seizures. RESLES can be shown in conjunction with central nervous system infections, especially in children. Hyponatremia is also described as a potential cause of reversible splenial lesions. Reversible signal changes on diffusion-weighted images are detected in patients for diagnosis. The prognosis is usually good but it depends on the underlying disease, neurological and imaging findings. Here we present two pediatric patients with RESLES accompanied by hyponatremia.
GenomeWarp: an alignment-based variant coordinate transformation
Authors: McLean Cory Y , Hwang Yeongwoo , Poplin Ryan , DePristo Mark A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Summary
Reference genomes are refined to reflect error corrections and other improvements. While this process improves novel data generation and analysis, incorporating data analyzed on an older reference genome assembly requires transforming the coordinates and representations of the data to the new assembly. Multiple tools exist to perform this transformation for coordinate-only data types, but none supports accurate transformation of genome-wide short variation. Here we present GenomeWarp, a tool for efficiently transforming variants between genome assemblies. GenomeWarp transforms regions and short variants in a conservative manner to minimize false positive and negative variants in the target genome, and converts over 99% of regions and short variants from a representative human genome.

Availability and implementation
GenomeWarp is written in Java. All source code and the user manual are freely available at https://github.com/verilylifesciences/genomewarp.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Experimental manipulation of reproductive tactics in Seba’s short-tailed bats: consequences on sperm quality and oxidative status
Authors: Meniri Magali , Gohon Florence , Gning Ophélie , Glauser Gaétan , Vallat Armelle , Fasel Nicolas J , Helfenstein Fabrice 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo reproduce, males have to fertilize the female’s eggs, sometimes in competition with ejaculates of other males. In species where males display alternative reproductive tactics, whereby territorial males secure mating and non-territorial males have to sneak copulations, the latter might be expected to invest relatively more resources towards sperm quality compared with the territorial males. Sperm cells are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress, which reduces male fertility. Therefore, antioxidant resources are expected to modulate sperm quality, and might be allocated differently between reproductive tactics. To test the link between reproductive tactics, redox profile and sperm quality, we experimentally induced changes in the reproductive tactics of 39 captive males Seba’s short-tailed bats Carollia perspicillata. We monitored the blood and ejaculate oxidative balance, and the sperm quality before, 7 days and 21 days after the manipulation of reproductive tactic. Although ejaculates’ oxidative damage was negatively related to sperm velocity, males exhibited similar blood and ejaculates redox profiles and similar sperm quality, regardless of their reproductive tactic. Possibly, these results arise as a consequence of some constraints having been lifted during the experiment. Our results also suggest that, in Seba’s short-tailed bats, the expression of alternative reproductive tactics is not subjected to strong oxidative constraints. Furthermore, our results could reflect an absence of trade-off between pre- and post-copulatory traits in harem males, as they could be selected to invest both in female attraction and sperm quality, as a consequence of their inability to fully monopolize females.
Impella 5.0 therapy as a bridge-to-decision option for patients on extracorporeal life support with unclear neurological outcomes
Authors: Bernhardt Alexander M , Zipfel Svante , Reiter Beate , Hakmi Samer , Castro Liesa , Söffker Gerold , Kluge Stefan , Lubos Edith , Rybczinski Meike , Grahn Hanno , Schrage Benedikt , Becher Peter Moritz , Barten Markus J , Westermann Dirk , Blankenberg Stefan , Reichenspurner Hermann 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for the treatment of cardiogenic shock has shown to improve survival but is associated with complications. However, if the patient cannot be weaned from ECLS, their therapy options are limited. Although durable left ventricular assist device implantation might be an option in such cases, an unclear neurological outcome is often a contraindication. We hypothesize that Impella 5.0 therapy provides sufficient circulatory support while avoiding ECLS-related complications, thereby allowing for an adequate evaluation of a patient’s neurological state and facilitating further treatment options.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed data from 22 ECLS patients (mean age 56.5 ± 10.7 years) with an unclear neurological status who underwent Impella 5.0 implantation between January 2016 and July 2018 in our institution. Neurological status was evaluated on a daily basis using the cerebral performance category score and the modified Rankin scale.

RESULTS
Sixteen patients (72.7%) were resuscitated before ECLS implantation and 13 patients (59.1%) had acute myocardial infarction. The mean duration on ECLS before Impella 5.0 implantation was 9.3 ± 1.7 days. All patients were successfully weaned from ECLS by Impella 5.0 implantation via the axillary artery. The mean duration on Impella 5.0 was 16.3 ± 4.7 days. In surviving patients, both quantitative measurements of cerebral performance improved after 30 days compared to the baseline (P < 0.01). Six patients (27.3%) were bridged to a durable left ventricular assist device. In 9 patients (40.9%), myocardial function recovered during Impella 5.0 support and the device was successfully explanted. The 30-day survival rate was 68.2%.

CONCLUSIONS
Impella 5.0 support provides a bridge-to-decision option for patients following ECLS implantation and leads to left ventricular unloading. It allows further evaluation of a patient’s neurological situation and facilitates further therapy. About two-thirds of patients survived with acceptable neurological outcomes.
Increase in Infant Measles Deaths During a Nationwide Measles Outbreak—Mongolia, 2015–2016
Authors: Lee Christopher T , Hagan Jose E , Jantsansengee Baigalmaa , Tumurbaatar Oyun-Erdene , Altanchimeg Samdan , Yadamsuren Buyanjargal , Demberelsuren Sodbayar , Tserendorj Chinbayar , Munkhtogoo Oyungerel , Badarch Darmaa , Gunregjav Nyamaa , Baatarkhuu Bolortuya , Ochir Chimedsuren , Berman LaShondra , Anderson Raydel , Patel Minal K , Gregory Christopher J , Goodson James L 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Surveillance data from a large measles outbreak in Mongolia suggested increased case fatality ratio (CFR) in the second of 2 waves. To confirm the increase in CFR and identify risk factors for measles death, we enhanced mortality ascertainment and conducted a case-control study among infants hospitalized for measles.

Methods
We linked national vital records with surveillance data of clinically or laboratory-confirmed infant (aged <12 months) measles cases with rash onset during March–September 2015 (wave 1) and October 2015–June 2016 (wave 2). We abstracted medical charts of 95 fatal cases and 273 nonfatal cases hospitalized for measles, matched by age and sex. We calculated adjusted matched odds ratios (amORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk factors.

Results
Infant measles deaths increased from 3 among 2224 cases (CFR: 0.13%) in wave 1 to 113 among 4884 cases (CFR: 2.31%) in wave 2 (P < .001). Inpatient admission, 7–21 days before measles rash onset, for pneumonia or influenza (amOR: 4.5; CI, 2.6–8.0), but not other diagnoses, was significantly associated with death.

Discussion
Measles infection among children hospitalized with respiratory infections likely increased deaths due to measles during wave 2. Preventing measles virus nosocomial transmission likely decreases measles mortality.
Crocodylian Head Width Allometry and Phylogenetic Prediction of Body Size in Extinct Crocodyliforms
Authors: O’Brien Haley D , Lynch Leigha M , Vliet Kent A , Brueggen John , Erickson Gregory M , Gignac Paul M 
Published: March 2019

SynopsisBody size and body-size shifts broadly impact life-history parameters of all animals, which has made accurate body-size estimates for extinct taxa an important component of understanding their paleobiology. Among extinct crocodylians and their precursors (e.g., suchians), several methods have been developed to predict body size from suites of hard-tissue proxies. Nevertheless, many have limited applications due to the disparity of some major suchian groups and biases in the fossil record. Here, we test the utility of head width (HW) as a broadly applicable body-size estimator in living and fossil suchians. We use a dataset of sexually mature male and female individuals (n = 76) from a comprehensive sample of extant suchian species encompassing nearly all known taxa (n = 22) to develop a Bayesian phylogenetic model for predicting three conventional metrics for size: body mass, snout–vent length, and total length. We then use the model to estimate size parameters for a select series of extinct suchians with known phylogenetic affinity (Montsechosuchus, Diplocynodon, and Sarcosuchus). We then compare our results to sizes reported in the literature to exemplify the utility of our approach for a broad array of fossil suchians. Our results show that HW is highly correlated with all other metrics (all R2≥0.85) and is commensurate with femoral dimensions for its reliably as a body-size predictor. We provide the R code in order to enable other researchers to employ the model in their own research.
Evaluation of Nationwide Referral Pathways, Investigation and Treatment of Suspected Cauda Equina Syndrome in the United Kingdom (ENTICE)
Authors: Vyas Dillon ,   British Neurosurgical Trainee Research Collaborative and Neurology and Neurosurgery Interest Group and Society of British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS)
Published: March 2019

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a spinal emergency with clinical symptoms and signs that have low diagnostic accuracy. National guidelines in the United Kingdom (UK) state that all patients should undergo an MRI prior to referral to specialist spinal units and surgery, if required, should be performed at the earliest opportunity. We aimed to evaluate the current practice of investigating and treating suspected CES in the UK.

METHODS
A retrospective, multicentre observational study of the investigation and management of patients with suspected CES was conducted across the UK, including all patients referred to a spinal unit over 6 mo between 1st October 2016 and 31st March 2017.

RESULTS
A total of 28 UK spinal units submitted data on 4441 referrals. Over half of the referrals were made without any previous imaging (n = 2572, 57.9%). The majority of referrals were made out-of-hours (n = 2229/3517, 63.4%), of which 2.9% (n = 45/1529) underwent surgical decompression. Patient location and prereferral imaging were not significantly associated with time intervals from symptom onset or presentation to decompression. Patients investigated outside of the spinal unit experienced significantly longer time intervals from presentation and from referral to undergoing the MRI scan.

CONCLUSION
This is the largest known study of the investigation and management of suspected CES. We found that the majority of referrals were made without adequate investigations. Most patients were referred out-of-hours and many were transferred for an MRI without subsequently requiring surgery. Cases not transferred experienced delays if undergoing an MRI scan outside of the spinal unit.