bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderators of Exercise Effects on Cancer-related Fatigue: A Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data
Authors: VAN VULPEN JONNA K. , SWEEGERS MAIKE G. , PEETERS PETRA H. M. , COURNEYA KERRY S. , NEWTON ROBERT U. , AARONSON NEIL K. , JACOBSEN PAUL B. , GALVÃO DANIEL A. , CHINAPAW MAI J. , STEINDORF KAREN , IRWIN MELINDA L. , STUIVER MARTIJN M. , HAYES SANDI , GRIFFITH KATHLEEN A. , MESTERS ILSE , KNOOP HANS , GOEDENDORP MARTINE M. , MUTRIE NANETTE , DALEY AMANDA J. , MCCONNACHIE ALEX , BOHUS MARTIN , THORSEN LENE , SCHULZ KARL-HEINZ , SHORT CAMILLE E. , JAMES ERICA L. , PLOTNIKOFF RONALD C. , SCHMIDT MARTINA E. , ULRICH CORNELIA M. , VAN BEURDEN MARC , OLDENBURG HESTER S. , SONKE GABE S. , VAN HARTEN WIM H. , SCHMITZ KATHRYN H. , WINTERS-STONE KERRI M. , VELTHUIS MIRANDA J. , TAAFFE DENNIS R. , VAN MECHELEN WILLEM , KERSTEN MARIE JOSÉ , NOLLET FRANS , WENZEL JENNIFER , WISKEMANN JOACHIM , VERDONCK-DE LEEUW IRMA M. , BRUG JOHANNES , MAY ANNE M. , BUFFART LAURIEN M. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Fatigue is a common and potentially disabling symptom in patients with cancer. It can often be effectively reduced by exercise. Yet, effects of exercise interventions might differ across subgroups. We conducted a meta-analysis using individual patient data of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to investigate moderators of exercise intervention effects on cancer-related fatigue.

Methods
We used individual patient data from 31 exercise RCT worldwide, representing 4366 patients, of whom 3846 had complete fatigue data. We performed a one-step individual patient data meta-analysis, using linear mixed-effect models to analyze the effects of exercise interventions on fatigue (z score) and to identify demographic, clinical, intervention- and exercise-related moderators. Models were adjusted for baseline fatigue and included a random intercept on study level to account for clustering of patients within studies. We identified potential moderators by testing their interaction with group allocation, using a likelihood ratio test.

Results
Exercise interventions had statistically significant beneficial effects on fatigue (β = −0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.22 to −0.12). There was no evidence of moderation by demographic or clinical characteristics. Supervised exercise interventions had significantly larger effects on fatigue than unsupervised exercise interventions (βdifference = −0.18; 95% CI −0.28 to −0.08). Supervised interventions with a duration ≤12 wk showed larger effects on fatigue (β = −0.29; 95% CI, −0.39 to −0.20) than supervised interventions with a longer duration.

Conclusions
In this individual patient data meta-analysis, we found statistically significant beneficial effects of exercise interventions on fatigue, irrespective of demographic and clinical characteristics. These findings support a role for exercise, preferably supervised exercise interventions, in clinical practice. Reasons for differential effects in duration require further exploration.
Contralateral Effects by Unilateral Eccentric versus Concentric Resistance Training
Authors: TSENG WEI-CHIN , NOSAKA KAZUNORI , TSENG KUO-WEI , CHOU TAI-YING , CHEN TREVOR C. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Unilateral resistance training increases muscle strength of the contralateral homologous muscle by the cross-education effect. Muscle damage induced by second eccentric exercise bout is attenuated, even when it is performed by the contralateral limb. The present study compared the effects of unilateral eccentric training (ET) and concentric training (CT) of the elbow flexors (EF) on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) strength and muscle damage of the contralateral untrained EF.

Methods
Young men were placed into ET, CT, ipsilateral repeated bout (IL-RB), and contralateral repeated bout (CL-RB) groups (n = 12 per group). The ET and CT groups performed unilateral EF training consisting of five sets of six eccentric and concentric contractions, respectively, once a week for 5 wk by increasing the intensity from 10% to 100% of MVC, followed by 30 maximal eccentric contractions (30MaxEC) of the opposite EF 1 wk later. The IL-RB group performed two bouts of 30MaxEC separated by 2 wk using the nondominant arm, and CL-RB group performed two bouts of 30MaxEC with a different arm for each bout in 1-wk apart.

Results
The MVC increased (P < 0.05) greater for the trained (19% ± 8%) and untrained (11% ± 5%) arms in ET when compared with those in CT (10% ± 6%, 5% ± 2%). The magnitude of changes in muscle damage markers was reduced by 71% ± 19% after the second than the first bout for IL-RB group, and by 48% ± 21% for CL-RB group. Eccentric training and CT attenuated the magnitude by 58% ± 25% and 13% ± 13%, respectively, and the protective effect of ET was greater (P < 0.05) than CL-RB, but smaller (P < 0.05) than IL-RB.

Conclusions
These results showed that cross-education effect was stronger for ET than CT, and progressive ET produced greater contralateral muscle damage protective effect than a single eccentric exercise bout.
Longitudinal Associations between Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement in Youth
Authors: MCLOUGHLIN GABRIELLA M. , BAI YANG , WELK GREGORY J. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Data from clinical trials have justified the promotion of fitness as a means to enhance facets of cognitive control and academic achievement in youth. However, such associations, when tested under real-world conditions, are equivocal. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to evaluate longitudinal associations between aerobic capacity (AC), weight status, and academic achievement within a large urban county.

Methods
Longitudinal data were obtained from a sample of third, fifth, and seventh grade students in schools within an urban county in Georgia. Data on body mass index (BMI) were available from 11,639 students; AC data from 5735 students. Data on both indicators were obtained through the established FitnessGram assessment battery with 2-yr changes calculated using standardized Z scores. Academic achievement data were available from three subjects (math, science, and reading) for third, fifth, and seventh grade students, and 2-yr changes were computed using changes in Z scores for each test. Data were analyzed using generalized logistic models to test associations between change in BMI and AC in relation to changes in academic achievement.

Results
Positive associations were observed between improvements in weight status and academic achievement for the fifth grade boys and girls ([reading] odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25–1.72; [science] OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04–1.42). Maintaining weight status was associated with improved scores in the third grade ([math] OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.012–1.327; [reading] OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.25–1.72) and fifth grade cohorts (math OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00.1.43). For AC, no significant associations were found for any age cohort.

Conclusions
Modest associations between improvements in weight status, AC, and academic achievement are noteworthy, despite the lack of statistical significance for AC. The results provide a robust evaluation of associations between fitness and academic achievement.
Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training or High-Intensity Interval Training with or without Resistance Training for Altering Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: DUPUIT MARINE , RANCE MÉLANIE , MOREL CLAIRE , BOUILLON PATRICE , PEREIRA BRUNO , BONNET ALBAN , MAILLARD FLORIE , DUCLOS MARTINE , BOISSEAU NATHALIE 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to compare body composition changes induced by moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or HIIT + resistance training (RT) programs (3 d·wk−1, 12 wk) in overweight/obese postmenopausal women, and to determine whether fat mass reduction is related to greater fat oxidation (FatOx).

Methods
Participants (n = 27) were randomized in three groups: MICT (40 min at 55%–60% of peak power output), HIIT (60 × 8 s at 80%–90% of peak HR, 12 s active recovery), and HIIT + RT (HIIT + 8 whole-body exercises: 1 set of 8–12 repetitions). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure whole-body and abdominal/visceral fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass. FatOx was determined at rest, during a moderate-intensity exercise (40 min at 50% of peak power output), and for 20 min postexercise, before and after training.

Results
Overall, energy intake and physical activity levels did not vary from the beginning to the end of the intervention. Body weight and total FM decreased in all groups over time, but significant abdominal/visceral FM losses were observed only in HIIT and HIIT + RT groups. When expressed in percentage, total FM, fat-free mass, and muscle mass were significantly modified only by HIIT + RT training. FatOx did not change at rest but increased similarly in the three groups during and after exercise. Therefore, the HIIT-induced greater FM loss was not related to higher FatOx during or after exercise.

Conclusions
MICT or HIIT ± RT could be proposed to nondieting postmenopausal women who are overweight/obese to decrease weight and whole-body FM. The HIIT programs were more effective than MICT in reducing abdominal/visceral FM. RT addition did not potentiate this effect but increased the percentage of muscle mass.
Risk factors of suicide with reference to the theory of social integration by Émile Durkheim
Authors: Kołodziej-Sarzyńska Małgorzata , Majewska Magdalena , Juchnowicz Dariusz , Karakuła-Juchnowicz Hanna 
Published: September 2019

Cel pracyCelem pracy było: 1. zaprezentowanie użytecznych w kontekście teorii integracji społecznej wskaźników ekonomicznych, socjodemograficznych i innych wskaźników związanych ze zjawiskiem samobójstw oraz 2. wskazanie nowych wskaźników mogących mieć szczególne znaczenie we współczesnych warunkach polskich.Materiał i metodyDokonano narracyjnego przeglądu piśmiennictwa poświęconego socjologicznemu podłożu samobójstw, przeszukując internetowe bazy danych MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar z użyciem słów kluczy: suicide, suicide risk factors, Durkheim’s theory of suicide, integration and disintegration of society, sociodemographic factors, economic factors, religion, oraz określając deskryptory czasowe: 2000–2017.WynikiW aspekcie integracji rodzinnej przedstawiono związki wskaźników rozwodów, małżeństw, dzietności i udziału kobiet w rynku pracy z ryzykiem samobójstw; w aspekcie gospodarczym uwzględniono stopę bezrobocia, produkt krajowy brutto per capita, wskaźnik nierówności społecznej Giniego oraz wskaźniki dobrobytu społecznego; w aspekcie społecznym: wskaźniki jakości systemu opieki zdrowotnej, wskaźnik spożycia alkoholu per capita oraz wskaźnik migracji. Biorąc pod uwagę aspekt religii, analizie poddano związki parametrów religijności konwencjonalnej, współczynnika Gallupa oraz odsetka książek o tematyce religijnej z ryzykiem samobójstw. Specyfikę polskich warunków uwzględnia Indeks Zrównoważonego Rozwoju w aspekcie ekonomicznym oraz wskaźniki dominicantes i communicantes w wymiarze religijnym.WnioskiDokonany przegląd istotnych wskaźników z punktu widzenia teorii dezintegracji społecznej może mieć praktyczną wartość w ocenie ryzyka samobójstw zarówno przy planowaniu programów zapobiegania samobójstwom, jak i dla klinicystów pracujących w obszarze ochrony zdrowia psychicznego.
Equine influenza: A current reference for vets in practice in the UK
Authors: Rendle David , Ivens Philip , Bowen Mark , Lawrence Hattie , Newton Richard , Marr Celia , Paillot Romain , Rash Adam 
Published: September 2019

Foreword This document was commissioned to provide veterinary surgeons with up-to-date information on equine influenza (EI) and the situation that has developed through 2019. The content of the document and practical recommendations were developed using an informal modified two-round Delphi process, considering published and unpublished research relating to EI using a roundtable forum and online discussion. Where research evidence was conflicting or absent, collective expert opinion, based on the experience of the group, was applied. The opinions expressed are the consensus of views expressed by the authors who all approved the final manuscript. Where an agreement was not reached, opposing views are presented such that readers can understand the arguments. The expert group was organised by UK-Vet Equine and the meeting held at Stanstead Airport on 11 July 2019 with sponsorship from MSD. The sponsors did not participate in the meeting and had no input to or sight of the resultant manuscript prior to publication.
Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Walking Predicts Endurance Independent of Physiological Effort in Older Women
Authors: Hunter Gary R. , Neumeier William H. , Chandler-Laney Paula C. , Carter Stephen J. , Borges Juliano H. , Hornbuckle Lyndsey M. , Plaisance Eric P. , Fisher Gordon 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Hunter, GR, Neumeier, WH, Chandler-Laney, PC, Carter, SJ, Borges, JH, Hornbuckle, LM, Plaisance, EP, and Fisher, G. Ratings of perceived exertion during walking predicts endurance independent of physiological effort in older women. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1340–1344, 2020—This study aimed to determine whether ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and physiological effort at different exercise intensities relate to exercise endurance. Ninety-eight sedentary women (older than 60 years) completed 3 submaximal locomotion tasks: (a) stair climbing, (b) flat walking at 2 mph, and (c) grade walking at 2 mph. Maximal treadmill endurance was measured at least 3 days before the submaximal tests. Oxygen uptake was measured during all tests, and RPE were collected for the submaximal tasks. Ratings of perceived exertion during moderate-intensity exercise (walking on the flat at 43% V̇O2max, partial R = −0.35, p < 0.01), but not higher intensity exercise (grade walk at 59% V̇O2max, p = 0.49, and stair climbing at 67% V̇O2max, p = 0.17), were related to endurance even after adjusting for aerobic capacity and physiological effort (composite of maximal heart rate, ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio). However, physiological effort was significantly related to endurance for the higher intensity exercise (both grade walk and stair climbing partial R >−0.24, p < 0.02). Similar to previous findings that subjective ratings of fatigue at rest were related to RPE during low/moderate-intensity exercise, but not higher intensity exercise, these data further support Ekkekakis's dual-mode hypothesis that cognitive factors influence RPE during low/moderate-intensity exercise. A practical application is that the coach and personal trainer should know that physiological effort seems to play a greater role in influencing endurance than RPE as intensity of exercise increases.
Acute Neuromuscular and Microvascular Responses to Concentric and Eccentric Exercises With Blood Flow Restriction
Authors: Lauver Jakob D. , Cayot Trent E. , Rotarius Timothy R. , Scheuermann Barry W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Lauver, JD, Cayot, TE, Rotarius, TR, and Scheuermann, BW. Acute neuromuscular and microvascular responses to concentric and eccentric exercises with blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2725–2733, 2020—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the addition of blood flow restriction (BFR) during concentric and eccentric exercises on muscle excitation and microvascular oxygenation status. Subjects (N = 17) were randomly assigned to either a concentric (CON, CON + BFR) or eccentric (ECC, ECC + BFR) group, with one leg assigned to BFR and the other to non-BFR. Surface electromyography and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to measure muscle excitation and microvascular deoxygenation (deoxy-[Hb + Mb]) and [total hemoglobin concentration] during each condition, respectively. On separate days, subjects completed 4 sets (30, 15, 15, 15) of knee extension exercise at 30% maximal torque, and 1 minute of rest was provided between the sets. Greater excitation of the vastus medialis was observed during CON + BFR (54.4 ± 13.3% maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) and ECC + BFR (53.0 ± 18.0% MVIC) compared with CON (42.0 ± 10.8% MVIC) and ECC (46.8 ± 9.6% MVIC). Change in deoxy-[Hb + Mb] was greater during CON + BFR (10.0 ± 10.4 μM) than during CON (4.1 ± 4.0 μM; p < 0.001). ECC + BFR (7.8 ± 6.7 μM) was significantly greater than ECC (3.5 ± 4.7 μM; p = 0.001). Total hemoglobin concentration was greater for ECC + BFR (7.9 ± 4.4 μM) compared with ECC (5.5 ± 3.5 μM). The addition of BFR to eccentric and concentric exercises resulted in a significant increase in metabolic stress and muscle excitation compared with non-BFR exercise. These findings suggest that although BFR may increase the hypertrophic stimulus during both modes of contraction, BFR during concentric contractions may result in a greater stimulus.
Validity and Reliability of the Rear Foot Elevated Split Squat 5 Repetition Maximum to Determine Unilateral Leg Strength Symmetry
Authors: Helme Mark , Bishop Christopher , Emmonds Stacey , Low Christopher 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Helme, M, Bishop, C, Emmonds, S, and Low, C. Validity and reliability of the rear foot elevated split squat 5 repetition maximum to determine unilateral leg strength symmetry. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3269–3275, 2019—The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the rear foot elevated split squat (RFESS) 5 repetition maximum (5RM) test as a field method for measuring unilateral leg strength symmetry. As a validated method of testing symmetry, the RFESS 5RM may be used by strength and conditioning coaches and sports medicine staff to measure the presence of imbalances with minimal equipment and time. Twenty-six subjects (age = 23.8 ± 4.6 years, mass = 88.1 ± 10.7 kg, and height = 1.79 ± 0.1 m) with a minimum 2 years of strength and conditioning experience were recruited. After a familiarization session, subjects performed an incremental 5RM protocol on both legs, on 2 occasions where 3D motion and force data were collected. Moderate reliability of bar load symmetry was found between test and retest conditions correlation (intraclass coefficient = 0.73, 0.33–0.91) with no proportional bias between sessions. Validation of the exercise was analyzed using a correlation between asymmetries in mean set vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) of the lead foot during the concentric phase, with bar load. When all maximal trials, from both test conditions, were analyzed, a most likely large positive correlation (0.57, 0.30–0.76) was found for mean set concentric lead foot vGRF. When a threshold level of load symmetry (96.54–103.46%) was applied, a most likely large positive correlation (r = 0.59, 0.14–0.84) between symmetry in lead foot vGRF was found in subjects who exceeded this limit. Conversely, analysis of subjects within the threshold produced unclear correlations. Findings of this study suggest the RFESS is a valid and reliable measure of unilateral leg strength symmetry. Practitioners are recommended to use this exercise to investigate the strength symmetry of athletes, but are guided to note that a threshold level of symmetry (96.54–103.46%) may be required to have been exceeded to indicate a true difference in vGRF production.
Enhanced Tensile Properties and Reversal of Tension-Compression Asymmetry of Magnesium Reinforced with High Entropy Alloy Particles
Authors: Tun Khin Sandar , Gupta Manoj 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, an attempt was made to develop magnesium-based composites containing a new type of reinforcement, ball-milled high entropy alloy (HEA) particles. The presence and variation in the amount of ball-milled HEA particles (2.5 wt. %, 5 wt. %, and 7.5 wt. %) in pure magnesium matrix and their effect on the microstructure and tensile properties of magnesium-HEA composites were investigated. HEA particle reinforcement triggered the particle-stimulated nucleation that effectively led to a significant reduction of matrix grain size in the composites. The yield and ultimate tensile strength were improved in magnesium-HEA composites. The reorientation of basal planes in recrystallized grains provided the random texture in the composites as compared to that of pure magnesium. The outcome of randomization of texture was the reduction in tension-compression yield asymmetry in the range of 0.93–1 in the case of composites.
A Screen of the Conserved Kinome for Negative Regulators of LIN-12 Negative Regulatory Region (“NRR”)-Missense Activity inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Deng Yuting , Luo Katherine Leisan , Shaye Daniel D , Greenwald Iva 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGenetic analysis of LIN-12/Notch signaling in C. elegans has provided many insights into human biology. Activating missense mutations in the Negative Regulatory Region (NRR) of the ectodomain of LIN-12/Notch were first described in C. elegans, and similar mutations in human Notch were later found to cause T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The ubiquitin ligase sel-10/Fbw7 is the prototype of a conserved negative regulator of lin-12/Notch that was first defined by loss-of-function mutations that enhance lin-12 NRR-missense activity in C. elegans, and then demonstrated to regulate Notch activity in mammalian cells and to be a bona fide tumor suppressor in T-ALL. Here, we report the results of an RNAi screen of 248 C. elegans protein kinase-encoding genes with human orthologs for enhancement of a weakly activating NRR-missense mutation of lin-12 in the Vulval Precursor Cells. We identified, and validated, thirteen kinase genes whose loss led to increase lin-12 activity; eleven of these genes have never been implicated previously in regulating Notch activity in any system. Depleting the activity of five kinase genes (cdk-8, wnk-1, kin-3, hpo-11, and mig-15) also significantly enhanced the activity of a transgene in which heterologous sequences drive expression of the untethered intracellular domain of LIN-12, suggesting that they increase the activity or stability of the signal-transducing form of LIN-12/Notch. Precedents set by other regulators of lin-12/Notch defined through genetic interactions in C. elegans suggest that this new set of genes may include negative regulators that are functionally relevant to mammalian development and cancer.
Chromosome Preference During Homologous Recombination Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Fernandez Joel , Bloomer Hanan , Kellam Natalia , LaRocque Jeannine R 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are especially toxic DNA lesions that, if left unrepaired, can lead to wide-ranging genomic instability. Of the pathways available to repair DSBs, the most accurate is homologous recombination (HR), where a homologous sequence is used as a donor template to restore genetic information at the break site. While much of the biochemical aspects of HR repair have been characterized, how the repair machinery locates and discriminates between potential homologous donor templates throughout the genome remains elusive. We use Drosophila melanogaster to investigate whether there is a preference between intrachromosomal and interhomolog donor sequences in mitotically dividing cells. Our results demonstrate that, although interhomolog HR is possible and frequent if another donor template is not available, intrachromosomal donor templates are highly preferred. This is true even if the interhomolog donor template is less diverged than the intrachromosomal donor template. Thus, despite the stringent requirements for homology, the chromosomal location of the donor template plays a more significant role in donor template choice.