bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The natural history of cutaneous sarcoidosis. Clinical spectrum and histological analysis of 40 cases
Authors: García‐Colmenero Lidia , Sánchez‐Schmidt Julia M. , Barranco Carlos , Pujol Ramon M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis can allow physicians to establish the diagnosis of a systemic disease, but the need of monitoring patients presenting skin limited sarcoidosis in order to detect further extracutaneous involvement has rarely been evaluated.ObjectivesTo review clinical and histological features of patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis and the risk of progression to systemic disease. To characterize the phenotype of patients with isolated cutaneous sarcoidosis and to assess the temporal relationship between cutaneous and systemic disease.MethodsRetrospective review of a series of patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis. Clinical, histopathological, and evolutive features were reviewed.ResultsForty patients were included in the study. Systemic disease was present in 82.5% of patients. Previous or concurrent cutaneous involvement occurred in 81.8% of them. Seven out of 14 patients with cutaneous lesions evolved to a systemic sarcoidosis in a mean time of 6 years, with a range between 4 and 9 years. No clinical or histological differences were found between patients with systemic sarcoidosis and those who showed persistent isolated cutaneous lesions.ConclusionsSarcoidosis may be manifested as an isolated cutaneous disorder. No clinical or histopathological features seem to be helpful to discriminate cases of a persistent isolated cutaneous disease from those that will develop systemic involvement. Since the development of systemic involvement in cases of isolated cutaneous sarcoidosis can occur many years afterward, careful monitoring seems advisable, and a long follow‐up is recommended.
Auctions with loss‐averse bidders
Authors: Eisenhuth Roland , Grunewald Mara 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIf bidders consider gains and losses in the context of whether they receive the object or not and how much they pay separately, the expected revenue is higher in the all‐pay auction than in the first‐price auction; if they consider gains and losses over the entire risk‐neutral payoff, this revenue ranking is reversed. In laboratory experiments, we auction money and a real object: the average revenue is significantly higher in the first‐price auction than in the all‐pay auction, suggesting that bidders behave according to wide and not narrow bracketing of gains and losses in both auction settings.
Including root architecture in a crop model improves predictions of spring wheat grain yield and above‐ground biomass under water limitations
Authors: Mboh Cho Miltin , Srivastava Amit Kumar , Gaiser Thomas , Ewert Frank 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough the root length density (RLD) of crops depends on their root system architecture (RSA), the root growth modules of many 1D field crop models often ignored the RSA in the simulation of the RLD. In this study, two model set‐up scenarios were used to simulate the RLD, above‐ground biomass (AGB) and grain yield (GY) of water‐stressed spring wheat in Germany, aiming to investigate the impact of improved RLD on AGB and GY predictions. In scenario 1, SlimRoot, a root growth sub‐model that does not consider the RSA of the crop, was coupled to a Lintul5‐SlimNitrogen‐SoilCN‐Hillflow1D crop model combination. In scenario 2, SlimRoot was replaced with the Somma sub‐model which considered the RSA for simulating RLD. The simulated RLD, AGB and GY were compared with observations. Scenario 2 predicted the RLD, AGB and GY with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.43 cm/cm3, 0.59 t/ha and 1.03 t/ha, respectively, against 1.03 cm/cm3, 1.20 t/ha and 2.64 t/ha for scenario 1. The lower RMSE under scenario 2 shows that, even under water‐stress conditions, predictions of GY and AGB can be improved by considering the RSA of the crop for simulating the RLD.
Effects of a vestibular physiotherapy protocol on adults with intellectual disability in the prevention of falls: A multi‐centre clinical trial
Authors: Cortés‐Amador Sara , Carrasco Juan J. , Sempere‐Rubio Núria , Igual‐Camacho Celedonia , Villaplana‐Torres Luis A. , Pérez‐Alenda Sofía 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundBalance alterations are one of the main problems in people with intellectual disabilities (ID), increasing their risk of falls and impacting their life.AimsTo describe a vestibular rehabilitation programme (VRP) and evaluate its effects on the ability to maintain balance and risk of suffering a fall.MethodsForty‐seven adults with mild to moderate ID were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (CG, N = 24), which performed a general physical exercise only, and an experimental group (EG, N = 23) which also completed a VRP. The variables, used pre‐ and post‐training and 1 month after the intervention, were as follows: Center of Pressure Displacement, Berg Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, and the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance.ResultsThe EG improved significantly in each variable. The CG did not show changes for any of the parameters.ConclusionsA programme based on VRP may improve balance and reduce the risk of falling.
Access to mental health services: The experiences of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Whittle Erin Louise , Fisher Karen Raewyn , Reppermund Simone , Trollor Julian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disability experience higher rates of mental health disorders than the rest of the population, and expert opinion holds that multiple barriers prevent people with intellectual disability from accessing appropriate services.MethodsA qualitative study was designed to explore the lived experience of barriers and enablers to access to mental health services among people with intellectual disability. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with people with intellectual disability, carers and service providers.ResultsBarriers and enablers were identified across four key dimensions of access: utilization of services; service availability; relevance, effectiveness and access; and equity and access. These factors operated at both systemic and personal levels.ConclusionsThe findings from this study provide empirical evidence of anecdotal experiences of access to mental health services and provide insight into the ways users, carers and service providers navigate an often hostile system and indicate further directions for research.
Winter matters: Sensitivity to winter climate and cold events increases towards the cold distribution margin of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Authors: Weigel Robert , Muffler Lena , Klisz Marcin , Kreyling Juergen , van der Maaten‐Theunissen Marieke , Wilmking Martin , van der Maaten Ernst 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe dominant forest tree in Europe, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), covers large areas of continental Europe and thus experiences diverse climatic conditions. In the face of predicted climate change and shifts of distribution ranges, it is important to understand the diverse climate–growth relationships towards distribution margins. Beech is generally reported to be sensitive to summer drought towards dry and continental regions; yet, few studies have investigated climate sensitivity towards the cold distribution margin of beech. We hypothesized that at colder sites (a) growth of beech is more sensitive to winter cold, (b) growth is less influenced by summer drought, and (c) stand‐wide growth reductions (negative pointer years) are related to extreme winter cold events.TaxonEuropean beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).LocationA large gradient of decreasing winter temperature (ΔT >4 K along 500 km) from Rostock (Germany) to Gdańsk (Poland).MethodsWe analysed climate–growth relationships and the nature of growth reductions of 11 beech stands from more central to cold marginal beech populations.ResultsTowards the cold marginal populations, growth became increasingly sensitive to winter cold (February temperature) and less sensitive to summer water availability (June precipitation). Likewise, negative pointer years coincided with winter cold anomalies at the colder sites and with summer drought anomalies at the warmer sites. Thus, over the studied gradient, the general sensitivity of beech to summer drought transitions into sensitivity to winter cold.Main conclusionsA range shift of beech across the current cold distribution margin is often assumed to compensate for habitat and productivity losses of drought‐prone southern and central populations. With respect to the winter cold sensitivity found in our study, such assumptions should be taken with caution. Since winter cold events are predicted to persist with similar frequency and magnitude even during predicted climate warming, beech populations in the newly colonized habitat might be significantly sensitive to winter cold.
Glycemic variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring and the risk of diabetic retinopathy in latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lu Jingyi , Ma Xiaojing , Zhang Lei , Mo Yifei , Ying Lingwen , Lu Wei , Zhu Wei , Bao Yuqian , Zhou Jian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe relationship between glycemic variability (GV) and diabetic complications has gained much interest and remains under debate. Furthermore, the association of GV with diabetic complications has not been examined in latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA). Therefore, we evaluated the relationships among several metrics of GV with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with LADA and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsA total of 192 patients with LADA and 2,927 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled. After continuous glucose monitoring for 72 h, three metrics of GV including standard deviation, coefficient of variation and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions were calculated. DR was assessed by fundus photography performed with a digital non‐mydriatic camera.ResultsThe prevalence of DR was 20.3 and 26.4% in LADA and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (P < 0.001), respectively. Generally, LADA patients had fewer cardiometabolic risk factors than type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and all GV metrics were significantly higher in LADA than in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, no metrics for GV were identified as independent risk factors of DR (standard deviation: P = 0.175; coefficient of variation: P = 0.769; mean amplitude of glycemic excursions: P = 0.388) in LADA. However, the standard deviation was significantly associated with DR (OR 1.15, P = 0.017) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after adjusting for confounders. The independent relationships of coefficient of variation and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions with DR (P = 0.194 and P = 0.251, respectively) did not reach statistical significance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsGV is more strongly associated with DR in type 2 diabetes than in LADA, suggesting that different glucose‐lowering strategies should be used for these two types of diabetes.
A new application on fatty acid stability of fish fillets: Coating with probiotic bacteria‐loaded polymer‐based characterized nanofibers
Authors: Ceylan Zafer , Meral Raciye , Cavidoglu Isa , Yagmur Karakas Canan , Tahsin Yilmaz Mustafa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe effect of coating with Lactobacillus rhamnosus‐loaded poly[vinyl] alcohol and sodium alginate‐based nanofibers (LR) and also poly(vinyl) alcohol and sodium alginate‐based nanofiber (PS) on fatty acid stability of fish fillets was tested. LR and PS dope solutions were successfully electrospun. Scanning Electron Microscopy images of nanofibers, with 60.09 nm < diameter of nanofibers <522.1 nm, were defined to be smooth, cylindrical, and ultrafine. Thermal decomposition of LR and PS were determined as higher than 200 and 300 °C, respectively by Differential Scanning Calorimeter. Nanofibers could be used to keep the stability of Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)s such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in fish fillets. Besides PUFAs, the rapid changes in predominant Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) value like oleic acid in fish fillets coated with LR and PS were successfully limited as compared to the uncoated samples. Polyene index and predominant saturated fatty acids values (C16:0, C18:0, and C14:0) of the samples coated with LR and PS were found to be more stabile. Furthermore, the sharply decrease in ω‐3/ω‐6 ratio of fish fillets was limited. Loading LR to PS provided higher atherogenic and thrombogenic index. The use of probiotic bacteria‐loaded polymer‐based characterized nanofibers has been determined to be a new application for the fatty acid stability of fish.Practical applicationsApplied tests revealed differences between the fatty acid profile of uncoated and coated samples. Enrichment of PS and NaAlG‐based nanofibers with Lactobacillus rhamnosus provided better stable in terms of PUFA and MUFA in fish fillets.
Use of characterized chitosan nanoparticles integrated in poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers as an alternative nanoscale material for fish balls
Authors: Ceylan Zafer 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChitosan nanoparticle integrated in poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber (IPN) was obtained by using the electrospinning technique. Optimization parameters of the electrospinning process were defined to be 22 kV, 0.6 mL/hr, and 9 cm, respectively. Zeta potential (ZP: 15.06 mV), zeta size (ZS: 397.93 nm), and morphological properties (scanning electron microscopy: <600 nm) of the obtained nanoscale samples were determined. The overall sensory quality of IPN samples was protected better until fifth day of the cold storage. Also, the use of nanoscale material delayed the rapid increase in the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN; p < .05) and in the pH values. Microbial growth (total psychrophilic bacteria count, TPBc) in the IPN samples was found to be 3.98, 4.34, and 5.68 log cfu/g. However, microbial spoilage was determined to be more rapidly in the control group samples during 5‐days cold storage period (p < .05). The use of 0.02‐g of nanomaterial limited the total psychrophilic bacteria (TPB) growth in fish balls (up to 13%). The results suggested that IPN application would be a promising approach to keep the fish quality. In this sense, the used nanotechnology application in this study can guide other food nanotechnology applications.Practical applicationsThe use of IPNs delayed the deterioration in fish balls. In the early stages of the storage period, the nanoscale application was more successful to delay the microbiological growth and chemical deterioration. TPBc, TVBN, and especially overall sensory score analysis results revealed the differences between the control group samples and IPN samples. The combination use of nanoparticle and nanofiber in a nanoscale structure could be evaluated as a brilliant application for the further studies in food preservation.
Portal vein thrombosis prevalence and associated mortality in cirrhosis in a nationally representative inpatient cohort
Authors: Cool Josephine , Rosenblatt Russell , Kumar Sonal , Lucero Catherine , Fortune Brett , Crawford Carl , Jesudian Arun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and AimPortal vein thrombosis (PVT) is increasingly common in cirrhotics, but its impact on mortality and outcomes is unclear. Studies evaluating PVT have been limited by small sample size. This study analyzes the trend of the prevalence of PVT and its associated mortality in hospitalized decompensated cirrhotics.MethodsThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample, the largest nationally representative database of hospital discharges, was queried from 1998 to 2014. Inpatients older than 18 years with decompensated cirrhosis were included, while those who received liver transplantation or had hepatocellular carcinoma were excluded. The primary outcomes were the trend in prevalence and associated mortality with PVT. Secondary outcomes included identifying risk factors of PVT and the effect of PVT on complications of portal hypertension. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the outcomes.ResultsA total of 3 045 098 discharges were included, of which 1.5% had PVT. PVT prevalence increased from 0.7% to 2.4%, annual percent change of 9%. Mortality associated with PVT declined from 11.9% to 9.1%, annual percent change of −3.0%. In multivariable analysis controlling for factors associated with mortality in cirrhotics, PVT was associated with an increased risk of mortality (OR 1.12, P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression also demonstrated that PVT significantly increased the risk of acute kidney injury (OR 1.75, P < 0.001) and hepatorenal syndrome (OR 1.62, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of PVT is increasing while its associated mortality is decreasing. However, PVT still is associated with risk of mortality and kidney injury, implying a significant impact on cirrhotic outcomes.
Cognitive Outcomes After Heart Valve Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Oldham Mark A. , Vachon Jacqueline , Yuh David , Lee Hochang B. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo summarize evidence on cognitive outcomes after heart valve surgery; secondary aim, to examine whether aortic and mitral valve surgery are associated with different cognitive outcomes.DesignPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses systematic review and meta‐analysis.SettingCardiac surgery.ParticipantsIndividuals undergoing heart valve surgery.MeasurementsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for peer‐reviewed reports of individuals undergoing heart valve surgery who underwent pre‐ and postoperative cognitive assessment. Our initial search returned 1,475 articles, of which 12 were included. Postoperative cognitive results were divided into those from 1 week to 1 month (early outcomes, npooled = 450) and from 2 to 6 months (intermediate outcomes; npooled = 722). No studies with longer‐term outcomes were identified.ResultsSubjects had moderate early cognitive decline from baseline (Becker mean gain effect size (ES)=−0.39 ± 0.27) that improved slightly by 2 to 6 months (ES=–0.25 ± 0.38). Individuals undergoing aortic valve surgery—who were older on average than those undergoing mitral valve surgery (68 vs 57)—had greater early cognitive decline than those undergoing mitral valve surgery (ES=–0.68 vs −0.12), but both cohorts had similar decline 2 to 6 months postoperatively (ES=–0.27 vs −0.20).ConclusionsHeart valve surgery is associated with cognitive decline over the 6 months after surgery, but outcomes beyond 6 months are unclear. These findings highlight the cognitive vulnerability of this population, especially older adults with aortic stenosis. © 2018 American Geriatrics Society and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2327–2334, 2018
Perineal repair of a full‐thickness rectal prolapse in a wild Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii)
Authors: Saraswati Yenny , Sedman Peter , Sedman Rebecca , Wibisono Andika Pandu , Nente Citrakasih , Simatupang Meuthya Sr , Singleton Ian , Pizzi Romain 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA Delorme's procedure perineal surgical repair was performed in a wild adult male Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) with a chronic persistent rectal prolapse that had been unsuccessfully treated by 6 previous surgeries. The rectal prolapse did not recur, and the orangutan was successfully released to the wild, 6 weeks later.
Management of labor during registrarship: A prospective study during a two‐year registrarship program
Authors: Chevreau Julien , Mercuzot Antonin , Abou Arab Osama , Foulon Arthur , Mancaux Albine , Sergent Fabrice , Gondry Jean 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimLabor management is often considered to be stressful. Increases in cesarean section (CSD) and assisted vaginal (AVD) deliveries rates have been ascribed to inexperience. To address this issue, we observed the obstetric management activity of four obstetrics and gynecology registrars throughout their 2‐year registrarship program.MethodsWe performed a prospective, observational study of urgent and semi‐/nonurgent CSD and AVD in a tertiary maternity unit. The registrars’ obstetric management was compared with that of a referral group. Changes over time in the registrars’ practice were also monitored.ResultsA total of 4328 deliveries (including 670 CSD and 736 AVD) were analyzed. The registrars and the experienced obstetricians managed 2930 and 1398 deliveries, respectively, with similar neonatal outcomes. There were no intergroup differences in either total CSD percentage (455 [15.5%] and 215 [15.4%] for registrars and experienced practitioners, respectively, P = 0.90) or AVD percentage (478 [16.3%] and 258 [18.5%], respectively, P = 0.08), or according to degree of urgency. Rates did not change over the course of the registrarship program, regardless of degree of urgency.ConclusionLower degree of experience was not associated with elevated CSD or AVD rates. Skills required to appropriately manage an obstetric ward seemed to have been acquired at the end of residency.
Satisfaction of adolescent mothers with childbirth care at a public maternity hospital
Authors: Passarelli Victor C. , Lopes Fernanda , Merighe Lecy S. , Araujo Regina S. , Nomura Roseli M. Y. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe aim was to assess adolescent satisfaction with childbirth and compare it with that of adult women.MethodsAn observational comparative study was conducted during the period of October 2016 and April 2017 in a public maternity hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The population included 50 adolescents (14–19 years) and 51 adults (20–35 years) mothers in post‐partum after a term live birth. Maternal satisfaction was assessed by the North Bristol modified Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale questionnaire with 18 items divided into five subscales (self, partner, baby, physician and overall) and two items on birth experience. Each item was rated on a 5‐point Likert scale and a total score was calculated. The main outcome measure was a total score on questionnaire.ResultsThe mean maternal age of adolescents was 18 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 11–25) and for adults, 28.3 years (95% CI 26.1–30.7). Primiparity was more common among adolescents than adults (92% vs 43.1%, P < 0.001). The median maternal satisfaction score of adolescents (88; 95% CI 83–90) was lower than that of adult women (90; 95% CI 87–93, P = 0.046). Adolescents also scored lower than adult women on the following subscales: satisfaction with baby (median 14 vs 15, P = 0.004) and satisfaction concerning care provided by doctors/midwives (median 33 vs 35, P = 0.006).ConclusionAdolescents were statistically less satisfied with their childbirth experience. More dissatisfaction was seen among them specifically concerning their baby and the care provided by doctors/midwives. This shows that different strategies need to be developed for this specific group of women.