bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between sitting time and obesity: A population‐based study in Peru
Authors: Paz‐Krumdiek Melissa , Rodriguez‐Vélez Sylvia G. , Mayta‐Tristán Percy , Bernabe‐Ortiz Antonio 
Published: April 2019

AimTo assess if there is an association between sitting time and obesity among adult Peruvian population, using three different anthropometric measurements.MethodsA secondary analysis using data from a population‐based study, the National Household Survey (ENAHO, in Spanish), was conducted enrolling adults aged ≥18 years from the 25 regions of Peru using a multistage random sampling technique. The outcome of interest was obesity, determined by body mass index (BMI > 30 kg/m2), waist circumference (WC > 80 and >90 cm in women and men, respectively) and waist to height ratio (WHR > 0.5); while the exposure was sitting time, measured using the last domain of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and then categorised in <4 hours/day, 4 to <8 hours/day and 8+ hours/day. Associations were estimated using Poisson regression models, reporting prevalence ratios (PRs) and their respective 95% CI.ResultsData from 8587 subjects were analysed; mean age was 38.4 (SD: 13.5) and 53.6% were females. The prevalence of obesity was 16.3% (95% CI: 15.2–17.5%) by BMI, 58.5% (95% CI: 56.9–60.0%) by WC, and 78.0% (95% CI: 76.5–79.3%) by WHR. In the multivariable model, subjects reporting a sitting time of 8+ hours/day were more likely to be obese than those reporting <4 hours/day according to BMI (PR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.15–1.65), WC (PR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.12–1.28) and WHR (PR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01–1.10).ConclusionsSubjects with greater sitting time were more likely to be obese, and this association was evident with three different anthropometric indicators. Findings suggest the need of generating public health actions to reduce sedentary behaviour.
Inactivation of Potato Polyphenol Oxidase Using Microwave Cold Plasma Treatment
Authors: Kang Joo Hyun , Roh Si Hyeon , Min Sea Cheol 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the effects of microwave cold plasma (CP) treatment on inactivation of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of potato. The PPO activity and treatment variables were fit to first‐order kinetics, the Weibull model, and the second‐order model. The optimum CP‐generation power and treatment time for inactivating PPO in the PPO extract were found to be 900 W and 40 min, respectively, which resulted in the highest inactivation of PPO (49.5%). PPO activity after CP treatment of potato slices decreased from 72.4% to 59.0% as the sample surface‐to‐volume ratio increased from 7.1 to 9.0. CP treatment delayed the browning of potato slices. Microwave CP treatment effectively inactivated PPO in potatoes, demonstrating the potential of CP treatment for controlling PPO activity in foods.Practical ApplicationThis study demonstrated that microwave CP treatment, a nonthermal food processing technology, inactivates PPO activity in potatoes. The results showed that the inactivation effect of CP treatment on PPO corresponded to the surface‐to‐volume ratio of potato slices. Furthermore, this study proposed an enzyme inactivation model that is suitable for predicting the inactivation of PPO activity and confirmed that CP treatment delayed browning in potatoes.
Key dermoscopic signs in the diagnosis and progression of extrafacial lentigo maligna: Evaluation of a series of 41 cases
Authors: Gamo‐Villegas Reyes , Pampín‐Franco Ana , Floristán‐Murúzabal Uxúa , García‐Zamora Elena , Pinedo‐Moraleda Fernando , López‐Estebaranz José Luis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesLentigo maligna is usually located on the face. Extrafacial lentigo maligna is less common, and diagnosis of early forms is very difficult. Confocal microscopy of facial and extrafacial lentigo maligna shares the same features (abundant dendritic cells and generalised atypical junctional thickenings) and helps us to identify the dermoscopic features of extrafacial lentigo maligna.MethodsWe analysed dermoscopic and clinical features of 41 lesions diagnosed by confocal microscopy of extrafacial lentigo maligna confirmed on histology to identify dermoscopic signs of early lesions.ResultsErased areas on dermoscopy were the clue to diagnose early lesions. At the borders of these areas, very small, round or triangular structures were found. At the lesion periphery, dermoscopy revealed a fine reticular pattern that helped to identify them as a melanocytic lesion. A progressive increase of the number and size of erased areas was accompanied by the appearance of various angulated structures around them (angulated lines, zig‐zag structures or polygonal structures). Analysis of invasive lesions revealed very large erased areas containing white lines and atypical vascularisation.ConclusionsWe have identified the dermoscopic early features and signs of progression by examining the dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy findings of early and invasive extrafacial lentigo maligna.
Linguistic Anthropology in 2018: Signifying Movement
Authors: Park Joseph Sung‐Yul 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTUsing the keyword movement, this essay reviews linguistic anthropological research that appeared in 2018 (November 2017 to October 2018) to highlight how linguistic anthropology continues and extends the discipline's traditional focus on the deep embeddedness of language in the dynamism of sociocultural practice. Based on an overview of works on (1) itineraries of people, (2) tensions with the nation‐state, (3) shifts in the political economy, (4) digital communicative practices, (5) metasemiotic chains of interdiscursivity, and (6) movements of social transformation, the essay argues that the effort to signify movement is what allows linguistic anthropology to understand and represent the agentive yet constrained ways in which people engage with the world, navigating time‐space and enacting transformations of social and material conditions of life. It concludes by claiming that an orientation to movement suggests a way forward for the discipline, opening up doors for greater transdisciplinary and international collaborations. [year in review, linguistic anthropology, movement, mobility, social transformation, transdisciplinarity]
New Digs: Networks, Assemblages, and the Dissolution of Binary Categories in Anthropological Archaeology
Authors: Kosiba Steve 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTAnthropological archaeology has long been a process of categorization. The history of the subdiscipline could be rendered in terms of an ongoing project to create, critique, and then refashion the categories by which archaeologists understand and explain social and ecological processes. Despite ever‐changing theoretical tides, many archaeologists have continued to adhere to a lingua franca that demarcates their object of study, whether “the past,” “nature,” complexity, material culture, or historical knowledge. In 2018, strong currents in archaeological scholarship have both challenged and washed out the boundaries of many of these epistemological mainstays. This was more than a postmodern exercise to question metanarratives of history or to destabilize supposed social universals. The recent scholarship develops innovative theoretical perspectives and sophisticated methodological tools to shed light on the varied human interactions, practices, and projects that were previously occluded by research too sharply focused on bounded categories such as periods, polities, adaptations, and meanings. Furthermore, archaeologists are now more than ever critically examining the colonial institutions that they perpetuate and seeking to establish new common ground with Indigenous communities. A decidedly archaeological perspective seems to be taking shape. This is a view that sees social life from the ground up in terms of complicated relationships between people, things, and other organisms that cannot be reduced to catchall categories. [year in review, archaeology, archaeological theory, current issues, Indigenous archaeology, environmental anthropology]
Academics' social media use over time is associated with individual, relational, cultural and political factors
Authors: Veletsianos George , Johnson Nicole , Belikov Olga 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe use of social media in academics' lives is well documented; however, researchers have a limited understanding about whether, why and how academics' social media use changes over time. Through interviews with 12 scholars, we identify multiple reasons that lead them to change their use of social media over time. Specifically, scholars report their social media use changing as a result of personal life events; professional transitions; concerns related to online privacy and self‐protection; evolution of technology; their desire to develop and nurture relationships; awareness of the needs of others; and, the political climate. These findings reflect individual desires and broader cultural shifts, indicating that scholars’ use of social media is impacted not just by their individual preferences, but also by forces that impact upon them.
GAINS FROM TRADE WITH VARIABLE TRADE ELASTICITIES
Authors: Brooks Wyatt J. , Pujolas Pau S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe measure gains from trade in multisector economies with nonhomothetic preferences where changes in trade costs generate reallocation of expenditure across sectors. We show how to measure the trade elasticity and how it relates to welfare. In this environment, the trade elasticity now varies both across countries and with levels of trade costs. In an application, we find that the trade elasticity varies substantially across countries and that the gains from moving from autarky to observed trade are on average between 24% and 28% greater than in a model where the trade elasticity is constant.
In vitro and in vivo investigation of chlorophyll binding sites involved in non‐photochemical quenching in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Perozeni Federico , Cazzaniga Stefano , Ballottari Matteo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNon‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the light energy absorbed is one of the main photoprotective mechanisms evolved by oxygenic photosynthetic organisms to avoid photodamage, at a cost of reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Tuning of NPQ has been reported as a promising biotechnological strategy to increase productivity in both higher plants and unicellular microalgae. Engineering of NPQ induction requires the comprehension of its molecular mechanism(s), strongly debated in the last three decades with several different models proposed. In this work, the molecular details of NPQ induction was investigated at intramolecular level by in vitro and in vitro site‐specific mutagenesis on chlorophyll binding sites of the Light‐Harvesting Complex Stress‐Related 3 (LHCSR3) protein, the pigment binding complexes identified as the quencher during NPQ induction in the model organism for green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The results obtained demonstrate a correlation between the quenching activity of LHCSR3 variants in vitro and the NPQ phenotypes observed in vivo. In particular, multiple quenching sites in LHCSR3 cooperatively dissipating the excitation energy were revealed with a peculiar role of Chl 613, a chromophore located a close distance to carotenoid binding site L1.
Female Sex Workers’ Experiences Selling Sex during Pregnancy and Post‐Delivery in South Africa
Authors: Parmley Lauren , Rao Amrita , Young Katherine , Kose Zamakayise , Phaswana‐Mafuya Nancy , Mcingana Mfezi , Lambert Andy , Hausler Harry , Baral Stefan , Schwartz Sheree 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNearly 75 percent of female sex workers (FSWs) in Port Elizabeth, South Africa are mothers, many of whom engage in sex work during pregnancy or after delivery. We conducted in‐depth interviews with 22 postpartum and 8 pregnant FSWs in Port Elizabeth. Interview guides were used to probe women's experiences, challenges, and concerns about selling sex during pregnancy and post‐delivery in a high‐HIV‐prevalence context. Interviews were transcribed, translated, and coded using thematic analysis. FSWs experienced and feared violence by clients during pregnancy, highlighting the need for safe work environments. Further, FSWs expressed concerns about HIV acquisition and vertical transmission during the perinatal period. Physical challenges related to pregnancy affected women's ability to work. Returning to work post‐delivery presented barriers to initiating and practicing exclusive breastfeeding. As a result, many FSWs practiced mixed feeding. Interventions, tailored to respond to FSW's challenges and experiences, may offer improved health outcomes in this context.
Cash for care and care employment: (Missing) debates and realities
Authors: Da Roit Barbara , Moreno‐Fuentes Francisco Javier 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe introduction of cash‐for‐care (CfC) schemes in different European countries over the last years has responded to a plurality of strategies aimed at attending the rising demand and increasing costs of the long‐term care needs of an ageing population. The specific system of care provision in each country shaped the response given to those challenges, as well as the room for manoeuvre for policymakers when trying to transform the domain of care into a sphere where markets may play a larger role, partly relieving families, and also the state, from these responsibilities. Policy debates and scholarly analyses largely overlooked the contribution of these schemes to the creation and shaping of employment. This article provides a comparative analysis of how CfC‐based policies entail—alongside the regulation of informal care—a(n implicit or explicit) connection with care employment and may contribute to structuring employment relations in this sector. It looks jointly at the specific features of CfC and at the institutional context—welfare regime—in which they are embedded in order to assess the extent to which these schemes contributed (generally unintendedly) to a transformation of the care employment size and features in seven European countries.
Revisiting the influence of individual factors on heat exchange during exercise in dry heat using direct calorimetry
Authors: Notley Sean R. , Lamarche Dallon T. , Meade Robert D. , Flouris Andreas D. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: April 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The aim was to identify the greatest contributor(s) to the variation in whole‐body heat exchange, as assessed using direct calorimetry, among young men and women with heterogeneous characteristics during exercise at increasing metabolic heat production rates in dry heat.
What is the main finding and its importance?
The evaporative heat loss requirement, body morphology and aerobic fitness made the greatest contributions to the individual variation in evaporative and dry heat exchange, with the variance explained being exercise intensity dependent. These findings provide a foundation on which to build our ability to explain the individual variation in heat exchange during exercise‐induced heat stress.
AbstractNumerous individual factors (e.g. fitness, sex, body morphology) are known to independently modulate heat exchange during exercise in the heat. However, in our view, the individual factor(s) making the greatest contribution to the variation in heat exchange among men and women remains poorly understood, despite several studies. We therefore sought to revisit this question by assessing whole‐body dry and evaporative heat exchange using direct calorimetry in a heterogeneous sample of 100 young men (n = 57) and women (n = 43). Participants performed three 30 min bouts of cycling at very light (men/women; 300/250 W), light (400/325 W) and moderate (500/400 W) metabolic heat production rates, separated by a 15 min recovery, in dry heat (40°C, ∼12% relative humidity). Positive associations were observed between the evaporative heat loss requirement (metabolic heat production ± dry heat exchange) and evaporative heat loss (all P < 0.01), especially during moderate exercise (men, r = 0.62; women, r = 0.82), which explained 19–67% of individual variation. Peak aerobic power (in millilitres per kilogram per minute) was also positively related to evaporative heat loss in both sexes, albeit only during light and moderate exercise (r = 0.33–0.43; all P < 0.05), explaining a further 5–9% of individual variation. Dry heat exchange shared negative associations with body mass and surface area during all exercise bouts in both sexes (r = −0.29 to −0.55; all P < 0.05), explaining 9–30% of individual variation. We therefore demonstrate that the evaporative heat loss requirement, peak aerobic power and body morphology are the greatest contributors to the variation in whole‐body heat exchange among young men and women exercising in dry heat, with the strength of those relationships being heat‐load dependent.
Antiapoptotic and mitochondrial biogenetic effects of exercise training on ovariectomized hypertensive rat hearts
Authors: Lin Yi-Yuan , Hong Yi , Yu Shao-Hong , Wu Xu-Bo , Shyu Woei-Cherng , Chen Jwo-Sheng , Ting Hua , Yang Ai-Lun , Lee Shin-Da 
Published: April 2019

This study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on antiapoptotic pathways and mitochondrial biogenesis in ovariectomized hypertensive rats. Histopathological analysis, TUNEL assay, and Western blotting were performed on the excised hearts from female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which were divided into a sham-operated sedentary hypertensive (SHR-S), a sedentary hypertensive ovariectomized (SHR-O), and hypertensive ovariectomized rats that underwent treadmill exercise training (SHR-OT; 60 min/day, 5 days/wk) for 8 wk, along with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). When compared with the WKY group, the SHR-S group exhibited decreased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial OPA-1 (mitochondrial biogenesis) and decreased further in the SHR-O group. The protein levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL (prosurvival pathways), and the protein levels of PGC-1α and mitochondrial OPA1 (mitochondrial biogenesis) were increased in the SHR-OT group, but estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ were not changed when compared with the SHR-O group. The protein levels of t-Bid, Bad, Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c, activated caspase 9, and activated caspase 3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways), as well as Fas ligand, TNF-α, Fas receptors, Fas-associated death domain, activated caspase 8 (Fas receptor-dependent apoptotic pathways) were decreased in the SHR-OT group, when compared with the SHR-O group. Exercise training protection on the coexistence of hypertension and ovariectomy-induced cardiac mitochondria-dependent and Fas receptor-dependent apoptotic pathways by enhancing the Bcl2-related and mitochondrial biogenetic prosurvival pathways might provide a new therapeutic effect on cardiac protection in oophorectomized early postmenopausal hypertensive women. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Widely dispersed cardiac apoptosis was found in the coexistence of hypertension and ovariectomy. Exercise training on a treadmill could prevent ovariectomized hypertension-induced widely dispersed cardiac apoptosis via mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway (t-Bid, Bad, Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c, activated caspase 9, and activated caspase 3) and Fas receptor-dependent apoptotic pathway (Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor-α, Fas receptors, Fas-associated death domain, activated caspase 8, and activated caspase 3) through enhancing the Bcl2-related (p-PI3K, p-Akt, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) and mitochondrial biogenetic (PGC-1α and mitochondrial optic atrophy 1) prosurvival pathways.
Endothelial-Specific Deficiency of ATG5 (Autophagy Protein 5) Attenuates Ischemia-Related Angiogenesis
Authors: Sprott David , Poitz David M. , Korovina Irina , Ziogas Athanasios , Phieler Julia , Chatzigeorgiou Antonios , Mitroulis Ioannis , Deussen Andreas , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Klotzsche-von Ameln Anne 
Published: April 2019

Objective—
Pathological angiogenesis, such as exuberant retinal neovascularization during proliferative retinopathies, involves endothelial responses to ischemia/hypoxia and oxidative stress. Autophagy is a clearance system enabling bulk degradation of intracellular components and is implicated in cellular adaptation to stressful conditions. Here, we addressed the role of the ATG5 (autophagy-related protein 5) in endothelial cells in the context of pathological ischemia-related neovascularization in the murine model of retinopathy of prematurity.

Approach and Results—

Autophagic vesicles accumulated in neovascular tufts of the retina of retinopathy of prematurity mice. Endothelium-specific
Atg5
deletion reduced pathological neovascularization in the retinopathy of prematurity model. In contrast, no alterations in physiological retina vascularization were observed in endothelial-specific ATG5 deficiency, suggesting a specific role of endothelial ATG5 in pathological hypoxia/reoxygenation–related angiogenesis. Consistently, in an aortic ring angiogenesis assay, endothelial ATG5 deficiency resulted in impaired angiogenesis under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions. As compared to ATG5-sufficient endothelial cells, ATG5-deficient cells displayed impaired mitochondrial respiratory activity, diminished production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and decreased phosphorylation of the VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2). Consistently, ATG5-deficient endothelial cells displayed decreased oxidative inactivation of PTPs (phospho-tyrosine phosphatases), likely due to the reduced reactive oxygen species levels resulting from ATG5 deficiency.

Conclusions—
Our data suggest that endothelial ATG5 supports mitochondrial function and proangiogenic signaling in endothelial cells in the context of pathological hypoxia/reoxygenation–related neovascularization. Endothelial ATG5, therefore, represents a potential target for the treatment of pathological neovascularization-associated diseases, such as retinopathies.