bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous Zirconium Hydroxyphosphonoacetate: Catalyst for Conversion of Furfural into Furfuryl Alcohol
Authors: Liu Chen , Xu Guangzhi , Hu Aiyun , Xie Yongdi , Wang Haijun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCatalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of the C=O bond has been considered to be one of the most important processes for the synthesis of fuels and chemicals. In this study, zirconium hydroxyphosphonoacetate (Zr‐HPAA) was synthesized by solvent‐thermal method for the transfer hydrogenation of furfural (FF) to furfuryl alcohol. As expected, the Zr‐HPAA, which comprises P−O‐Zr and C−O‐Zr linkages, shows high activity for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of FF to FA. Besides, the effects of time, temperature, catalyst dosage and solvent on the reaction were investigated in detail, with FF conversion (98%) and FA yield (96%) at 150 °C in 1.5 h. The activation energy (Ea) of the reaction was calculated as 47.04 kJ/mol and the lower activation energy was associated to the high catalytic activity of Zr‐HPAA. It is easy to separate catalyst after the reaction and the catalyst exhibits high activity for at least five reaction cycles.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of Functionalized 4H‐Chromens and Their ADMET, Molecular Docking and Antibacterial Studies
Authors: Kshatriya Rajpratap , Kambale Dayanand , Mali Suraj , Jejurkar Valmik P. , Lokhande Pradeep , Chaudhari Hemchandra K. , Saha Satyajit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHighly efficient catalytic one‐pot construction of 3‐acetyl‐4H‐chromene derivatives via a tandem conjugate addition and cyclocondensation using p‐TSA catalyst was achieved within 3–12 hours. The synthesized compounds were submitted to an in silico ADMET screening, to analyze their overall drug score and toxicity risks as well as ligand‐based virtual screening approaches using Swiss Similarity, databases like ZINC, ASINEX, and chEMBL. Molecular docking studies were also performed to understand the possible ligand‐receptor intermolecular interactions as well as their in vitro antibacterial activities were also studied.
Mammary stem cells, where art thou?
Authors: Lu Pengfei , Zhou Tao , Xu Chongshen , Lu Yunzhe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTremendous progress has been made in the field of stem cell biology. This is in part due to the emergence of various vertebrate organs, including the mammary gland, as an amenable model system for adult stem cell studies and remarkable technical advances in single cell technology and modern genetic lineage tracing. In the current review, we summarize the recent progress in mammary gland stem cell biology at both the adult and embryonic stages. We discuss current challenges and controversies, and potentially new and exciting directions for future research.This article is categorized under:

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration
Accessibility Issues for Poll Sites and Voters
Authors: Adelson Bruce 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPolling locations that are accessible to all voters is a cornerstone of elections being free and fair for all voters. Although we often think of accessibility as it relates to voters who have physical disabilities, accessibility can also be related to the comfort that voters feel when entering the place that has been designated for in-person voting. This case discusses these definitions of accessibility and others that have been addressed by legislative action and decisions made by courts in the United States.
Physical projectors for multi-leg helicity amplitudes
Authors: Peraro Tiziano , Tancredi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a method for building physical projector operators for multi-leg helicity amplitudes. For any helicity configuration of the external particles, we define a physical projector which singles out the corresponding helicity amplitude. For processes with more than four external legs, these physical projectors depend on significantly fewer tensor structures and exhibit a remarkable simplicity compared with projector operators defined with traditional approaches. As an example, we present analytic formulas for a complete set of projectors for five-gluon scattering. These have been validated by reproducing known results for five-gluon amplitudes up to one-loop.
Conjugate heat transfer modeling of a turbine vane endwall with thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Yang Xing , Feng Zhenping , Simon Terrence W. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAdvanced cooling techniques involving internal enhanced heat transfer and external film cooling and thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are employed for gas turbine hot components to reduce metal temperatures and to extend their lifetime. A deeper understanding of the interaction mechanism of these thermal protection methods and the conjugate thermal behaviours of the turbine parts provides valuable guideline for the design stage. In this study, a conjugate heat transfer model of a turbine vane endwall with internal impingement and external film cooling is constructed to document the effects of TBCs on the overall cooling effectiveness using numerical simulations. Experiments on the same model with no TBCs are performed to validate the computational methods. Round and crater holes due to the inclusion of TBCs are investigated as well to address how film-cooling configurations affect the aero-thermal performance of the endwall. Results show that the TBCs have a profound effect in reducing the endwall metal temperatures for both cases. The TBC thermal protection for the endwall is shown to be more significant than the effect of increasing coolant mass flow rate. Although the crater holes have better film cooling performance than the traditional round holes, a slight decrement of overall cooling effectiveness is found for the crater configuration due to more endwall metal surfaces directly exposed to external mainstream flows. Energy loss coefficients at the vane passage exit show a relevant negative impact of adding TBCs on the cascade aerodynamic performance, particularly for the round hole case.
The nature of gambling-related harm for adults with health and social care needs: an exploratory study of the views of key informants
Authors: Bramley Stephanie , Norrie Caroline , Manthorpe Jill 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim:
To explore the views of professionals working within health, care and other agencies about harmful gambling among adults with health and social care needs.

Background:
Gambling is increasingly seen as a public health rather than an individual problem. Opportunities to gamble have grown in England in the last decade since the liberalisation of the gambling industry meaning that gambling is widely available, accessible and advertised within society. An estimated two million people in the UK are at risk of developing a gambling problem, some of whom may be adults with health and social care needs.

Methods:
Twenty-three key informants from primary care, social care services and third sector organisations in England were interviewed about their understanding of the risks to adults with health and social care needs from gambling participation.

Findings:
Thematic analysis revealed four themes: (1) gambling-related harm as a public health problem; (2) identification of groups of adults with health and social care needs who may be vulnerable to gambling-related harm; (3) factors potentially impeding the identification of gambling-related harm among adults with health and social care needs and subsequent help-seeking behaviour and (4) calls for professional development activities. Informants reported a perceived lack of awareness of gambling-related harm and a lack of a clear pathway or guidance which they could follow when supporting individuals experiencing gambling-related harm. Interviewees called for professional development activities to improve their knowledge and expertise in this area.
The Effects of Earthquakes and Fluids on the Metamorphism of the Lower Continental Crust
Authors: Jamtveit Bjørn , Petley‐Ragan Arianne , Incel Sarah , Dunkel Kristina G. , Aupart Claire , Austrheim Håkon , Corfu Fernando , Menegon Luca , Renard François 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRock rheology and density have first‐order effects on the lithosphere's response to plate tectonic forces at plate boundaries. Changes in these rock properties are controlled by metamorphic transformation processes that are critically dependent on the presence of fluids. At the onset of a continental collision, the lower crust is in most cases dry and strong. However, if exposed to internally produced or externally supplied fluids, the thickened crust will react and be converted into a mechanically weaker lithology by fluid‐driven metamorphic reactions. Fluid introduction is often associated with deep crustal earthquakes. Microstructural evidence, suggest that in strong highly stressed rocks, seismic slip may be initiated by brittle deformation and that wall‐rock damage caused by dynamic ruptures plays a very important role in allowing fluids to enter into contact with dry and highly reactive lower crustal rocks. The resulting metamorphism produces weaker rocks which subsequently deform by viscous creep. Volumes of weak rocks contained in a highly stressed environment of strong rocks may experience significant excursions toward higher pressure without any associated burial. Slow and highly localized creep processes in a velocity strengthening regime may produce mylonitic shear zones along faults initially characterized by earthquake‐generated frictional melting and wall rock damage. However, stress pulses from earthquakes in the shallower brittle regime may kick start new episodes of seismic slip at velocity weakening conditions. These processes indicate that the evolution of the lower crust during continental collisions is controlled by the transient interplay between brittle deformation, fluid‐rock interactions, and creep flow.
Hyperglycemia exacerbates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by promoting liver-resident macrophage proinflammatory response via AMPK/PI3K/AKT-mediated oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Qi , Wei Song , Zhou Haoming , Shen Gefenqiang , Gan Xiaojie , Zhou Shun , Qiu Jiannan , Shi Chenyu , Lu Ling 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough diabetes mellitus/hyperglycemia is a risk factor for acute liver injury, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs) and oxidative stress play critical roles in the pathogenesis of toxin-induced liver injury. Here, we evaluated the role of oxidative stress in regulating KC polarization against acetaminophen (APAP)-mediated acute liver injury in a streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic murine model. Compared to the controls, hyperglycemic mice exhibited a significant increase in liver injury and intrahepatic inflammation. KCs obtained from hyperglycemic mice secreted higher levels of the proinflammatory factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6, lower levels of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Furthermore, enhanced oxidative stress was revealed by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in KCs from hyperglycemic mice post APAP treatment. In addition, ROS inhibitor NAC resulted in a significant decrease of ROS production in hyperglycemic KCs from mice posttreated with APAP. We also analyzed the role of hyperglycemia in macrophage M1/M2 polarization. Interestingly, we found that hyperglycemia promoted M1 polarization, but inhibited M2 polarization of KCs obtained from APAP-exposed livers, as evidenced by increased MCP-1 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) gene induction but decreased Arg-1 and CD206 gene induction accompanied by increased STAT1 activation and decreased STAT6 activation. NAC restored Arg-1, CD206 gene induction, and STAT6 activation. To explore the mechanism how hyperglycemia regulates KCs polarization against APAP-induced acute liver injury, we examined the AMPK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and found decreased AMPK activation and increased AKT activation in liver and KCs from hyperglycemic mice post APAP treatment. AMPK activation by its agonist AICAR or PI3K inhibition by its antagonist LY294002 inhibited ROS production in KCs from hyperglycemic mice post APAP treatment and significantly attenuated APAP-induced liver injury in the hyperglycemic mice, compared to the control mice. Our results demonstrated that hyperglycemia exacerbated APAP-induced acute liver injury by promoting liver-resident macrophage proinflammatory response via AMPK/PI3K/AKT-mediated oxidative stress.
Determinants of HIV-1 reservoir size and long-term dynamics during suppressive ART
Authors: Bachmann Nadine , von Siebenthal Chantal , Vongrad Valentina , Turk Teja , Neumann Kathrin , Beerenwinkel Niko , Bogojeska Jasmina , Fellay Jaques , Roth Volker , Kok Yik Lim , Thorball Christian W. , Borghesi Alessandro , Parbhoo Sonali , Wieser Mario , Böni Jürg , Perreau Matthieu , Klimkait Thomas , Yerly Sabine , Battegay Manuel , Rauch Andri , Hoffmann Matthias , Bernasconi Enos , Cavassini Matthias , Kouyos Roger D. , Günthard Huldrych F. , Metzner Karin J. ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Anagnostopoulos Alexia , Battegay Manuel , Bernasconi Enos , Böni Jürg , Braun Dominique L. , Bucher Heiner C. , Calmy Alexandra , Cavassini Matthias , Ciuffi Angela , Dollenmaier Günter , Egger Matthias , Elzi Luigia , Fehr Jan , Fellay Jacques , Furrer Hansjakob , Fux Christoph A. , Günthard Huldrych F. , Haerry David , Hasse Barbara , Hirsch Hans H. , Hoffmann Matthias , Hösli Irene , Huber Michael , Kahlert Christian , Kaiser Laurent , Keiser Olivia , Klimkait Thomas , Kouyos Roger D. , Kovari Helen , Ledergerber Bruno , Martinetti Gladys , Tejada Begona Martinez de , Marzolini Catia , Metzner Karin J. , Müller Nicolas , Nicca Dunja , Paioni Paolo , Pantaleo Guiseppe , Perreau Matthieu , Rauch Andri , Rudin Christoph , Scherrer Alexandra U. , Schmid Patrick , Speck Roberto , Stöckle Marcel , Tarr Philip , Trkola Alexandra , Vernazza Pietro , Wandeler Gilles , Weber Rainer , Yerly Sabine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe HIV-1 reservoir is the major hurdle to a cure. We here evaluate viral and host characteristics associated with reservoir size and long-term dynamics in 1,057 individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy for a median of 5.4 years. At the population level, the reservoir decreases with diminishing differences over time, but increases in 26.6% of individuals. Viral blips and low-level viremia are significantly associated with slower reservoir decay. Initiation of ART within the first year of infection, pretreatment viral load, and ethnicity affect reservoir size, but less so long-term dynamics. Viral blips and low-level viremia are thus relevant for reservoir and cure studies.
RNA structure drives interaction with proteins
Authors: Sanchez de Groot Natalia , Armaos Alexandros , Graña-Montes Ricardo , Alriquet Marion , Calloni Giulia , Vabulas R. Martin , Tartaglia Gian Gaetano 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe combination of high-throughput sequencing and in vivo crosslinking approaches leads to the progressive uncovering of the complex interdependence between cellular transcriptome and proteome. Yet, the molecular determinants governing interactions in protein-RNA networks are not well understood. Here we investigated the relationship between the structure of an RNA and its ability to interact with proteins. Analysing in silico, in vitro and in vivo experiments, we find that the amount of double-stranded regions in an RNA correlates with the number of protein contacts. This relationship —which we call structure-driven protein interactivity— allows classification of RNA types, plays a role in gene regulation and could have implications for the formation of phase-separated ribonucleoprotein assemblies. We validate our hypothesis by showing that a highly structured RNA can rearrange the composition of a protein aggregate. We report that the tendency of proteins to phase-separate is reduced by interactions with specific RNAs.
ZRANB3 is an African-specific type 2 diabetes locus associated with beta-cell mass and insulin response
Authors: Adeyemo Adebowale A. , Zaghloul Norann A. , Chen Guanjie , Doumatey Ayo P. , Leitch Carmen C. , Hostelley Timothy L. , Nesmith Jessica E. , Zhou Jie , Bentley Amy R. , Shriner Daniel , Fasanmade Olufemi , Okafor Godfrey , Eghan Benjamin , Agyenim-Boateng Kofi , Chandrasekharappa Settara , Adeleye Jokotade , Balogun William , Owusu Samuel , Amoah Albert , Acheampong Joseph , Johnson Thomas , Oli Johnnie , Adebamowo Clement ,   South Africa Zulu Type 2 Diabetes Case-Control Study, Chen Ji , Sun Meng , Pirie Fraser , Carstensen Tommy , Pomilla Cristina , Young Elizabeth H. , Sandhu Manjinder , Morris Andrew P. , Barroso Inês , McCarthy Mark I. , Mahajan Anubha , Wheeler Eleanor , Motala Ayesha A. , Collins Francis , Dunston Georgia , Rotimi Charles N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGenome analysis of diverse human populations has contributed to the identification of novel genomic loci for diseases of major clinical and public health impact. Here, we report a genome-wide analysis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in sub-Saharan Africans, an understudied ancestral group. We analyze ~18 million autosomal SNPs in 5,231 individuals from Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya. We identify a previously-unreported genome-wide significant locus: ZRANB3 (Zinc Finger RANBP2-Type Containing 3, lead SNP p = 2.831 × 10−9). Knockdown or genomic knockout of the zebrafish ortholog results in reduction in pancreatic β-cell number which we demonstrate to be due to increased apoptosis in islets. siRNA transfection of murine Zranb3 in MIN6 β-cells results in impaired insulin secretion in response to high glucose, implicating Zranb3 in β-cell functional response to high glucose conditions. We also show transferability in our study of 32 established T2D loci. Our findings advance understanding of the genetics of T2D in non-European ancestry populations.
β-arrestin1/YAP/mutant p53 complexes orchestrate the endothelin A receptor signaling in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Tocci Piera , Cianfrocca Roberta , Di Castro Valeriana , Rosanò Laura , Sacconi Andrea , Donzelli Sara , Bonfiglio Silvia , Bucci Gabriele , Vizza Enrico , Ferrandina Gabriella , Scambia Giovanni , Tonon Giovanni , Blandino Giovanni , Bagnato Anna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe limited clinical response observed in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) with high frequency of TP53 mutations (mutp53) might be related to mutp53-driven oncogenic pathway network. Here we show that β-arrestin1 (β-arr1), interacts with YAP, triggering its cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling. This interaction allows β-arr1 to recruit mutp53 to the YAP-TEAD transcriptional complex upon activation of endothelin-1 receptors (ET-1R) in patient-derived HG-SOC cells and in cell lines bearing mutp53. In parallel, β-arr1 mediates the ET-1R-induced Trio/RhoA-dependent YAP nuclear accumulation. In the nucleus, ET-1 through β-arr1 orchestrates the tethering of YAP and mutp53 to YAP/mutp53 target gene promoters, including EDN1 that ensures persistent signals. Treatment of patient-derived xenografts reveals synergistic antitumoral and antimetastatic effects of the dual ET-1R antagonist macitentan in combination with cisplatinum, shutting-down the β-arr1-mediated YAP/mutp53 transcriptional programme. Furthermore, ETAR/β-arr1/YAP gene signature correlates with a worst prognosis in HG-SOC. These findings support effective combinatorial treatment for repurposing the ET-1R antagonists in HG-SOC.
Ancient recycled lower crust in the mantle source of recent Italian magmatism
Authors: Koornneef Janne M. , Nikogosian Igor , van Bergen Manfred J. , Vroon Pieter Z. , Davies Gareth R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecycling of Earth’s crust through subduction and delamination contributes to mantle heterogeneity. Melt inclusions in early crystallised magmatic minerals record greater geochemical variability than host lavas and more fully reflect the heterogeneity of magma sources. To date, use of multiple isotope systems on small (< 300 μm) melt inclusions was hampered by analytical limitations. Here we report the first coupled Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data on individual melt inclusions from potassium-rich lavas from neighbouring Quaternary volcanoes in central Italy and infer the presence of a previously unidentified ancient lower crustal component in the mantle. We suggest derivation from Variscan or older basement included in the upper mantle by either delamination, sediment recycling, subduction erosion and/or slab detachment processes during Cenozoic subduction and collision of the western Mediterranean. The capability to determine isotope ratios in individual melt inclusions permits the detection of distinctive mantle contaminants and can provide insights into how geodynamic processes affect subduction recycling.
Northward drift of the Azores plume in the Earth’s mantle
Authors: Arnould Maëlis , Ganne Jérôme , Coltice Nicolas , Feng Xiaojun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMantle plume fixity has long been a cornerstone assumption to reconstruct past tectonic plate motions. However, precise geochronological and paleomagnetic data along Pacific continuous hotspot tracks have revealed substantial drift of the Hawaiian plume. The question remains for evidence of drift for other mantle plumes. Here, we use plume-derived basalts from the Mid-Atlantic ridge to confirm that the upper-mantle thermal anomaly associated with the Azores plume is asymmetric, spreading over ~2,000 km southwards and ~600 km northwards. Using for the first time a 3D-spherical mantle convection where plumes, ridges and plates interact in a fully dynamic way, we suggest that the extent, shape and asymmetry of this anomaly is a consequence of the Azores plume moving northwards by 1–2 cm/yr during the past 85 Ma, independently from other Atlantic plumes. Our findings suggest redefining the Azores hotspot track and open the way for identifying how plumes drift within the mantle.
Comprehensive evaluation and characterisation of short read general-purpose structural variant calling software
Authors: Cameron Daniel L. , Di Stefano Leon , Papenfuss Anthony T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn recent years, many software packages for identifying structural variants (SVs) using whole-genome sequencing data have been released. When published, a new method is commonly compared with those already available, but this tends to be selective and incomplete. The lack of comprehensive benchmarking of methods presents challenges for users in selecting methods and for developers in understanding algorithm behaviours and limitations. Here we report the comprehensive evaluation of 10 SV callers, selected following a rigorous process and spanning the breadth of detection approaches, using high-quality reference cell lines, as well as simulations. Due to the nature of available truth sets, our focus is on general-purpose rather than somatic callers. We characterise the impact on performance of event size and type, sequencing characteristics, and genomic context, and analyse the efficacy of ensemble calling and calibration of variant quality scores. Finally, we provide recommendations for both users and methods developers.