bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ghrelin receptor in agouti‐related peptide neurones regulates metabolic adaptation to calorie restriction
Authors: Wu Chia‐Shan , Bongmba Odelia Y. N. , Lee Jong Han , Tuchaai Ellie , Zhou Yu , Li De‐Pei , Xue Bingzhong , Chen Zheng , Sun Yuxiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGhrelin is a gut hormone that signals to the hypothalamus to stimulate growth hormone release, increase food intake and promote fat deposition. The ghrelin receptor, also known as growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS‐R), is highly expressed in the brain, with the highest expression in agouti‐related peptide (AgRP) neurones in the hypothalamus. Compelling evidence indicates that ghrelin serves as a survival hormone with respect to maintaining blood glucose and body weight during nutritional deficiencies. Recent studies have demonstrated that AgRP neurones are involved in metabolic and behavioural adaptation to an energy deficit to improve survival. In the present study, we used a neuronal subtype‐specific GHS‐R knockout mouse (AgRP‐Cre;Ghsrf/f) to investigate the role of GHS‐R in hypothalamic AgRP neurones in metabolic and behavioural adaptation to hypocaloric restricted feeding. We subjected the mice to a restricted feeding regimen of 40% mild calorie restriction (CR), with one‐quarter of food allotment given in the beginning of the light cycle and three‐quarters given at the beginning of the dark cycle, to mimic normal mouse intake pattern. The CR‐fed AgRP‐Cre;Ghsrf/f mice exhibited reductions in body weight, fat mass and blood glucose. Metabolic profiling of these CR‐fed AgRP‐Cre;Ghsrf/f mice showed a trend toward reduced basal metabolic rate, significantly reduced core body temperature and a decreased expression of thermogenic genes in brown adipose tissue. This suggests a metabolic reset to a lower threshold. Significantly increased physical activity, a trend toward increased food anticipatory behaviour and altered fuel preferences were also observed in these mice. In addition, these CR‐fed AgRP‐Cre;Ghsrf/f mice exhibited a decreased counter‐regulatory response, showing impaired hepatic glucose production. Lastly, hypothalamic gene expression in AgRP‐Cre;Ghsrf/f mice revealed increased AgRP expression and a decreased expression of genes in β‐oxidation pathways. In summary, our data suggest that GHS‐R in AgRP neurones is a key component of the neurocircuitry involved in metabolic adaptation to calorie restriction.
Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor stimulates prolactin expression in primary culture of the mouse pituitary gland
Authors: Nogami Haruo , Koshida Ryusuke , Omori Hiroyuki , Shibata Masahiro , Harigaya Toshio , Takei Yosuke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the regulation of prolactin (PRL) gene expression in the normal pituitary gland remain poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of EGF and an inhibitor of the EGF receptor, erlotinib, on PRL gene expression were examined both in the pituitary tumour cell line GH3 and in a primary culture of the mouse pituitary gland under similar experimental conditions. The results showed that EGF stimulated PRL expression in GH3 cells, but not in normal cells. Erlotinib was found to counteract EGF in GH3 cells inhibiting the PRL expression enhanced by EGF. By contrast, erlotinib induced an elevation in the PRL mRNA levels in the primary culture of the adult pituitary gland and the initiation of PRL production in the culture of the foetal pituitary gland in which PRL production had not yet occurred. Western blot analyses showed that EGF induced and erlotinib inhibited the activation of extracellular regulated protein kinase equally in GH3 and normal cells. These results suggest that the consequences of EGF receptor activation in normal PRL cells contradict those in adenomatous PRL cells.
A Proposed Framework for Using the Life‐Coaching Process to Enhance the Quality of Life of Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Case Study
Authors: Shpigelman Carmit‐Noa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPeople with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often find themselves excluded from community participation due to environmental barriers, especially stigma. These barriers can negatively affect their psychological well‐being and quality of life. Life‐coaching as a short‐term and action‐prone process can increase goal attainment in various life‐domains and lead to enhanced quality of life. Nevertheless, to date, few life‐coaching interventions have targeted individuals with IDD. This case study article aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of a conceptual framework for practicing life‐coaching with individuals with IDD, by describing two cases of individuals with IDD who participated in a life‐coaching intervention. Life‐coaching, based on the proposed framework, can be a potential intervention to enhance the capability set, self‐determination skills, and overall quality of life of people with IDD. It appears that in order for the life‐coaching process to successfully address psychosocial aspects of the quality of life concept among people with IDD, it must be tailored to their needs and competences.
The effect of NLRP inflammasome on the regulation of AGEs‐induced inflammatory response in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Yi Xiaowei , Zhang Lan , Lu Wanlu , Tan Xuelian , Yue Junli , Wang Puyu , Xu Weizhe , Ye Ling , Huang Dingming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDiabetes influences the frequency and development of periodontitis. Inflammation of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) participates in this pathologic process. Hence, this study aims to explore whether advanced glycation end products (AGEs), by‐products of diabetes, could exaggerate inflammation induced by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in HPDLCs, and whether nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptors (NLRs) signaling pathway was involved.Material and MethodsHuman periodontal ligament cells were pre‐treated with 100 μg/mL AGEs for 24 hours and stimulated with 10 μg/mL MDP for 24 hours. IL‐6, IL‐1β, and RAGE were detected, and the activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway was observed. The expression of NLRs was evaluated with or without silencing RAGE or blocking NF‐κB pathway under AGEs stimulation. Statistical analyses were performed by using independent sample t test.ResultsAdvanced glycation end products induced significant increase of inflammatory cytokines in HPDLCs (P < 0.05). Results of western blot (WB) showed that after 45 minutes stimulation of AGEs, p‐p65/p65 ratio peaked; AGEs promoted the expression of NLRP1, NLRP3, and apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD (ASC). After silencing RAGE or blocking NF‐κB pathway, the up‐regulation of NLRs protein caused by AGEs was attenuated. Additionally, AGEs pre‐treatment could enhance the inflammatory response of MDP and the expression of NLRs, which were demonstrated by more expression of IL‐6, IL‐1β, NOD2, NLRP1, NLRP3, and ASC.ConclusionAdvanced glycation end products induced inflammatory response in HPDLCs via NLRP1‐inflammasome and NLRP3‐inflammasome activation in which NF‐κB signal pathway was involved. Besides, AGEs promoted the inflammatory response of MDP via NOD2, NLRP1‐inflammasome, and NLRP3‐inflammasome.
Efficacy of two different doses of oral vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Motamed Soudabe , Nikooyeh Bahareh , Kashanian Maryam , Hollis Bruce W. , Neyestani Tirang R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHypovitaminosis D during pregnancy is suggested to have a link with complications in both mother and infant. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two doses of vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and cord blood vitamin D status, inflammatory biomarkers, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. A total of 84 pregnant women (gestational age of <12 weeks) were randomly allocated to one of two groups: (a) 1,000‐IU/d vitamin D and (b) 2,000 IU/d. Biochemical assessments (25‐hydroxycalciferol (25(OH)D), hs‐CRP, and cell‐culture supernatant concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) of mothers were performed at the beginning and 34 weeks of gestation. Assessments of infants at delivery comprised cord blood serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, hs‐CRP, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, birth sizes, and Apgar score. Circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D increased in both intervention groups with more increment in 2,000 IU/d than in 1,000 IU/d (46.7 ± 30.7 vs. 24.0 ± 21.07 nmol L−1, P = .001). Concentrations of TNF‐α decreased significantly in group 2,000 (−913.1 ± 1261.3 ng L−1, P = .01). The cord blood concentration of IL‐6 in group 2,000 IU/d, compared with 1,000 IU/d, was significantly lower (25.9 ± 32.0 vs. 4.6 ± 1.4 ng L−1, P = .03). The birth sizes including weight, length, and head circumference of the infants of group 2,000 IU/d were significantly higher than the infants' of group 1,000 IU/d. Supplementation with 2,000‐IU/d vitamin D3 is more effective than 1,000 IU/d in pregnant women in terms of increasing circulating 25(OH)D, ameliorating pro‐inflammatory markers notably TNF‐α in mother and IL‐6 in cord blood, and improving neonatal outcomes including the birth sizes.
Loss‐of‐function mutations in the melanocortin 1 receptor cause disruption of dorso‐ventral countershading in teleost fish
Authors: Cal Laura , Suarez‐Bregua Paula , Braasch Ingo , Irion Uwe , Kelsh Robert , Cerdá‐Reverter Jose Miguel , Rotllant Josep 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is the central melanocortin receptor involved in vertebrate pigmentation. Mutations in this gene cause variations in coat coloration in amniotes. Additionally, in mammals MC1R is the main receptor for agouti‐signaling protein (ASIP), making it the critical receptor for the establishment of dorsal‐ventral countershading. In fish, Mc1r is also involved in pigmentation, but it has been almost exclusively studied in relation to melanosome dispersion activity and as a putative genetic factor involved in dark/light adaptation. However, its role as the crucial component for the Asip1‐dependent control of dorsal‐ventral pigmentation remains unexplored. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we created mc1r homozygous knockout zebrafish and found that loss‐of‐function of mc1r causes a reduction of countershading and a general paling of the animals. We find ectopic development of melanophores and xanthophores, accompanied by a decrease in iridophore numbers in the ventral region of mc1r mutants. We also reveal subtle differences in the role of mc1r in repressing pigment cell development between the skin and scale niches in ventral regions.
Rotavirus infection following post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide based haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation in children is associated with hemophagocytic syndrome and high mortality
Authors: Jaiswal Sarita Rani , Bhakuni Prakash , Chakrabarti Aditi , Chakrabarti Suparno 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe evaluated the incidences and consequences of rotavirus induced diarrhea in a cohort of 115 patients undergoing T‐cell replete haploidentical transplantation. Four out of 115 patients developed rotavirus‐induced diarrhea between 47 and 147 days. The incidence of rotavirus infection was 9.7% in children compared to none in adults (P = .01). This was 25.3% in those with GVHD compared to 1.2% in those without GVHD (P = .001). Rotavirus infection was followed by post–transplantation hemophagocytic syndrome (PTHPS) at a median of 4 days (range, 3‐10 days) in all four patients. Three patients succumbed to the complications related to PTHPS. Only one patient, who is long‐term survivor, was able to eliminate this virus after 2 weeks. Children undergoing T‐replete haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation who develop GVHD are at a higher risk of community‐acquired rotavirus infection which was strongly associated with PTHPS with poor outcome.
Hepatozoon canis infection causing a strong monocytosis with intra‐monocytic gamonts and leading to erroneous leukocyte determinations
Authors: Lilliehöök Inger , Tvedten Harold W. , Pettersson Helena K. , Baneth Gad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this case report, a Swedish flat‐coated retriever was diagnosed with an extensive Hepatozoon canis infection. The dog had a prominent monocytosis (14.0 × 109/L) with H canis gamonts detected in most monocytes, but none were found in the neutrophils. On the hematology system ADVIA 2120 peroxidase (PEROX) cytogram, most leukocytes were seen as a distinct cell population above the lymphocytes, which indicated that most of the cells were larger than lymphocytes and had weak myeloperoxidase staining. This distinct cell cluster appeared to be of a single cell type but was incorrectly divided by the ADVIA 2120 into lymphocytes, monocytes, and large unstained cells (LUC). The total leukocyte counts on the ADVIA 2120 WBC basophil (BASO) channel were much higher than that on the WBC PEROX count. The WBC BASO cytogram appeared abnormal with two parallel cell populations, so the BASO WBC count was considered erroneous. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing verified H canis infection. The dog was treated with subcutaneous imidocarb dipropionate (6 mg/kg) injections every other week. Post‐treatment hematology analyses indicated that the percentage of parasitized leukocytes decreased from 40% to 5% about 4 weeks after the start of treatment and were not found in any monocytes 6 weeks after the beginning of the treatment. In conclusion, H canis infection in this dog was associated with a strong monocytosis, and gamonts were present in many monocytes, which caused aberrant automated leukocyte counts to occur.
Incidence of bacteriuria at presentation and resulting from urinary catheterization in feline urethral obstruction
Authors: Cooper Edward S. , Lasley Emma , Daniels Joshua B. , Chew Dennis J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence of bacteriuria at the time of presentation and as a result of indwelling urethral catheterization in naturally occurring feline urethral obstruction (UO).DesignProspective observational study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsA population of 34 male cats with UO admitted for standard medical care.InterventionsA presenting urine sample was obtained by cystocentesis (precatheterization). After catheterization (performed under strict aseptic technique), a urine sample was obtained through the urinary catheter every 24 hours, as well as just prior to catheter removal. Urine was applied to culture media within 30 minutes of collection or refrigerated immediately at 4°C for subsequent culture the following morning. Samples positive for growth (defined as > 104colony forming units/mL) had bacterial identification and susceptibility testing performed.Measurements and Main ResultsAll 34 cats enrolled had initial culture performed. Of these, 1 patient died and 2 were euthanized within 24 hours and therefore subsequent cultures were obtained. The remaining 31 cats had median catheterization time of 42 hours (range 20–110 hours). No urine cultures yielded growth at presentation (0/34). A total of 4 of 31 patients (13%) subsequently had bacterial cultures that yielded growth. In these cases, all yielded growth by the 24‐hour time point, and all had the same organism identified on subsequent cultures. Identified bacteria includedStreptococcusspp. (3) andPasteurellaspp. (1).ConclusionsThe male cats with UO in this study did not have bacteriuria at the time of presentation. The overall incidence of acquired bacteriuria was found to be 13% and could represent a transient bacterial population or true bacterial urinary tract infection. Based on these findings, empirical administration of antibiotics is not warranted in male cats with UO.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Brown Bennett 
Published: June 2019

International Journal of Law and Public Administration (IJLPA) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this Volume. Many authors, regardless of whether IJLPA publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this Volume.Reviewers for Volume 2, Number 1 Allison Jean Ballard, University of Canberra, AustraliaAnca-Iulia Stoian, Spiru Haret University, RomaniaBranko Dimeski, St. Kliment Ohridski University, MacedoniaCarmen Garcimartin, University of A Coruña, SpainDiane M. Hartmus, Oakland University, USAElena Atienza-Macias, UPV/EHU, SpainElias Pereira Lopes Júnior, Universidade Federal do Cariri – UFCA, BrazilGeorge Ndi, University of Huddersfield, UKGustavo Costa de Souza, Federal University of Lavras, BrazilIvan Kosnica, University of Zagreb, CroatiaSabina G. Pavlovska-Hilaiel, Hastings College, USASiyi Lin, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, ChinaTatiana Bachvarova, Special Tribunal for Lebanon, BulgariaThomas Prehi Botchway, Chongqing University, China Best Regards, Bennett BrownEditorial AssistantInternational Journal of Law and Public Administration-------------------------------------------Redfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USATel: 1-503-828-0536 ext. 511Fax: 1-503-828-0537E-mail: ijlpa@redfame.comURL: http://ijlpa.redfame.com
Incidence, prevalence, risk factors and health consequences of polypharmacy in adults in South Asia: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Khan Nusrat , Chattopadhyay Kaushik , Leonardi-Bee Jo 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of the systematic review is to summarize the incidence, prevalence, risk factors and health consequences of polypharmacy in adults in South Asia.

Introduction:
Several studies have been conducted in South Asia on the incidence, prevalence, risk factors and health consequences of polypharmacy in adults. Until now, no systematic review has been conducted on this topic.

Inclusion criteria:
Related epidemiological studies conducted on adults (aged 18 years and over) and residing in any country within South Asia (i.e. Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) will be eligible for inclusion.

Methods:
MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, BNI, Web of Science, Scopus and AMED databases will be searched to identify published studies. The search for unpublished studies will be undertaken in EThOS, OpenGrey and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Databases will be searched from their inception dates and no language restrictions will be applied. The JBI systematic review methodology will be followed to conduct the review. Data synthesis will be conducted using narrative synthesis and meta-analyses, where appropriate.
An Experimental Study of the Effect of a Turbulence Grid on the Stack Performance of an Air-Cooled Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Shakhshir Saher Al , Gao Xin , Berning Torsten 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn a previous numerical study on heat and mass transfer in air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells, it was found that the performance is limited by heat transfer to the cathode side air stream that serves as a coolant, and it was proposed to place a turbulence grid before the cathode inlet in order to induce a mixing effect to the air and thereby improve the heat transfer and ultimately increase the limiting current and maximum power density. The current work summarizes experiments with different turbulence grids which varied in terms of their pore size, grid thickness, rib width, angle of the pores, and the distance between the grid and the cathode inlet. For all grids tested in this study, the limiting current density of a Ballard Mark 1020 ACS stack was increased by 20%. The single most important parameter was the distance between the turbulence grid and the cathode inlet, and it should be within 5 mm. For the best grid tested, the fuel cell stack voltage and thus the efficiency were increased by up to 20%. The power density was increased by more than 30% and further improvements are believed to be possible.
A Method for Creating Product Social Impact Models of Engineered Products
Authors: Stevenson Phillip D. , Mattson Christopher A. , Dahlin Eric C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAll products impact the lives of their users, this is called social impact. Some social impacts are commonly recognized by the engineering community, such as impacts to a user’s health and safety, while other social impacts can be more difficult to recognize, such as impacts on families and gender roles. When engineers make design decisions, without considering social impacts, they can unknowingly cause negative social impacts. Even harming the user and/or society. Despite its challenges, measuring a program’s or policy’s social impact is a common practice in the field of social sciences. These measurements are made using social impact indicators, which are simply the things observed to verify that true progress is being made. While there are clear benefits to predicting the social impact of an engineered product, it is unclear how engineers should select indicators and build predictive social impact models that are functions of engineering parameters and decisions. This paper introduces a method for selecting social impact indicators and creating predictive social impact models that can help engineers predict and improve the social impact of their products. As a first step in the method, an engineer identifies the product’s users, objectives, and requirements. Then, the social impact categories that are related to the product are determined. From each of these categories, the engineer selects several social impact indicators. Finally, models are created for each indicator to predict how a product’s parameters will change these indicators. The impact categories and indicators can be translated into product requirements and performance measures that can be used in product development processes. This method is used to predict the social impact of the proposed, expanded U.S. Mexico border wall.
Hypotensive efficacy of topical brimonidine for intraocular pressure spikes following intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents: a randomised crossover trial
Authors: Felfeli Tina , Hostovsky Avner , Trussart Rachel , Yan Peng , Brent Michael H , Mandelcorn Efrem D 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo determine the effect of topical brimonidine tartrate prophylaxis on intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes following intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents.MethodsThis is a randomised crossover trial of consecutive non-glaucomatous eyes receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF injections between December 2016 and July 2017. All eyes were randomly assigned to no prophylaxis or topical brimonidine tartrate 0.15 % administered 20 min prior to injection in one of two consecutive visits. Measurements of IOP were obtained immediately (T0), 10 min (T10) and 20 min (T20) after injection during the visits with and without prophylaxis.ResultsAmong the 58 eyes of 55 patients (116 visits), the mean (SD) age was 74.3 (11.6), and 62% were female. The mean baseline IOP was 15.3 (2.3) mm Hg (range: 11–20). On average, the immediate postinjection IOP during the visit without prophylaxis was 41.6 (12) mm Hg (range: 17–81). Compared with no prophylaxis, the visit with preadministered topical brimonidine tartrate had a lower IOP at T0 (p<0.001), T10 (p=0.001) and T20 (p=0.043), and a smaller proportion of eyes with IOP elevation of greater than 20 mm Hg from preinjection (p=0.002) and IOP greater than 50 mm Hg at T0 (p=0.036). Without prophylaxis, two eyes (two patients) had an IOP of greater than 70 mm Hg at T0 and thus underwent anterior chamber paracentesis.ConclusionTopical brimonidine tartrate prophylaxis for intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents effectively reduces IOP spikes in non-glaucomatous eyes and may be easily incorporated into ophthalmologists’ current practice.Trial registration numberNCT03513172