bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of driving fitness among patients with alcohol-related visits to two hospitals in eastern Finland
Authors: Kalsi Juhani , Tervo Markku , Tervo Timo 
Published: May 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was twofold. The first aim was to explore how frequently physicians evaluate driving fitness when a patient has a serious alcohol problem, which is accomplished by examining differences in physicians’ compliance with their intervention/notification obligation among different alcohol-related ICD-10 diagnoses. The second aim was to explore how many heavy alcohol users have a valid driving license. Methods: Data from all patients with an alcohol-related ICD-10 diagnosis code as a cause of a hospital visit were collected during a three-month period from Kuopio University Hospital and North Karelia Central Hospital. Results: Eighty-one percent (81%) of patients with alcohol-related ICD-10 diagnoses were heavy alcohol users and had alcohol withdrawal syndrome, alcohol-related organ disease or multidrug abuse combined with alcohol abuse. The driving fitness of these patients was significantly reduced, and the health requirements of the driving license were not met. Physicians evaluated driving fitness for only 20% of alcohol-related hospital visits/hospitalisations. Moreover, fitness to drive was evaluated in only 24% of cases of a patient with a major alcohol problem and a valid driving license. Driving fitness was most frequently evaluated in cases with alcohol-related convulsions (74%). In total, 80% of patients with a major alcohol problem had a valid driving license even though the requirements of driving fitness were not met. Conclusions: The obligation to evaluate the driving fitness of heavy alcohol users is often neglected, except in cases of alcohol-abuse-related convulsions. Physicians should play a greater role in monitoring road safety, or sanctions should be set for failures to obey the obligations. The driving fitness of a patient hospitalised due to alcohol use should be assessed more regularly. Cognition problems related to alcohol-related liver disease/alcohol-related dementia are probably often overlooked. Alcohol-abuse-related conditions are poorly recognised and remain unreported to the authorities.
Liraglutide improves the beta-cell function without increasing insulin secretion during a mixed meal in patients, who exhibit well-controlled type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease
Authors: Anholm Christian , Kumarathurai Preman , Jürs Anders , Pedersen Lene Rørholm , Nielsen Olav Wendelboe , Kristiansen Ole Peter , Fenger Mogens , Holst Jens Juul , Madsbad Sten , Sajadieh Ahmad , Haugaard Steen Bendix 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Hyperinsulinemia aggravates insulin resistance and cardio-vascular disease. How the insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in a physiologic post-prandial setting may act on pancreatic alpha and beta-cell function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is less clear.

Methods
Insulin resistant patients with established CAD and newly diagnosed well-controlled T2DM were recruited to a placebo-controlled, cross-over trial with two treatment periods of 12 weeks and a 2 weeks wash-out period before and in-between. Treatment was liraglutide or placebo titrated from 0.6 mg q.d. to 1.8 mg q.d. within 4 weeks and metformin titrated from 500 mg b.i.d to 1000 mg b.i.d. within 4 weeks. Before and after intervention in both 12 weeks periods insulin, C-peptide, glucose, and glucagon were measured during a meal test. Beta-cell function derived from the oral glucose tolerance setting was calculated as changes in insulin secretion per unit changes in glucose concentration (Btotal) and whole-body insulin resistance using ISIcomposite.

Results
Liraglutide increased the disposition index [Btotal × ISIcomposite, by 40% (n = 24, p < 0.001)] compared to placebo. Post-prandial insulin and glucose was reduced by metformin in combination with liraglutide and differed, but not significantly different from placebo, moreover, glucagon concentration was unaffected. Additionally, insulin clearance tended to increase during liraglutide therapy (n = 26, p = 0.06).

Conclusions
The insulinotropic drug liraglutide may without increasing the insulin concentration reduce postprandial glucose but not glucagon excursions and improve beta-cell function in newly diagnosed and well-controlled T2DM.
Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT01595789
Nonresonant and Resonant Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of N-Ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-nitrophenylazo) Aniline in Poly(methyl methacrylate) on Ag Films with Surface Roughness
Authors: Izumi Ayaka , Kumaoka Kentaro , Shimomura Masaru , Sugita Atsushi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Nonresonant and resonant surface-enhanced Raman scatterings (SERS and SERRS) were studied for N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-nitrophenylazo) aniline (Disperse Red 1, or DR1) in poly (methyl methacrylate) on Ag films with surface roughness. DR1 is a chromophore that consists of azobenzene bridged between electron-donating amine and electron-accepting nitro groups, and it has attracted great attention because of its large molecular hyperpolarizability. DR1 hybridized with metal nanoparticles or nanostructures is promising as a building block for nonlinear plasmonics. Our experimental results demonstrated that the Raman cross sections were highly enhanced both at the molecular nonresonant and resonant excitation wavelengths. The spectroscopic properties of SERRS were taken from resonant Raman (RR), and the enhanced RR cross sections were attributed to electromagnetic enhancements due to surface plasmons (SP). The SERS spectrum was also similar to the RR spectrum, rather than the non-resonant Raman (NR) spectrum, even at the molecular non-resonant excitations. A diagram of energy levels was drawn for the DR1/Ag interfaces by using ultraviolet-visible linear absorption and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopic data. The enhanced NR cross sections were explained in terms of the electromagnetic enhancements, as well as the metal-to-molecular charge-transfer, by using the energy diagram.
A realist review of community engagement with health research
Authors: Adhikari Bipin , Vincent Robin , Wong Geoff , Duddy Claire , Richardson Emma , Lavery James V. , Molyneux Sassy 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Community engagement is increasingly recognized as a critical aspect of global health. Recent years have seen an expansion of community engagement activities linked to health research, but debates and inconsistencies remain about the aims of different types of engagement, mechanisms underpinning their implementation and impact, and influential contextual factors. Greater commitment to and consistency around community engagement by health research programs, implementers and funders requires a more coherent evidence base. This realist review is designed to improve our understanding of how and why community engagement contributes to intended and unintended outcomes (including research and ethical outcomes) in different contexts. Given the breadth and diversity of the literature on community engagement in health research, the review will initially focus on malaria research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and draw on wider global health literature where needed. Methods and analysis: Community engagement in practice is often a complex set of interventions. We will conduct a realist review – a theory driven approach to evidence synthesis – to provide explanations for how and why community engagement with health research produces the pattern of outcomes observed across different contexts of application. We will consolidate evidence from a range of documents, including qualitative, quantitative and mixed method studies. The review will follow several stages: devising an initial programme theory, searching evidence, selecting appropriate documents, extracting data, synthesizing and refining the programme theory, and reiteration of these steps as needed. Ethics and dissemination: A formal ethics review is not required for this literature review. Findings will be disseminated in a peer reviewed journal, through national and international conferences, and through a set of short briefings tailored for audiences with an interest in community engagement. Outputs and presentations will be informed by and feed into our network of community engagement experts. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019125687
Política Pública de Saúde no Brasil e o papel do Judiciário na defesa da implementação desse Direito Social / Public Health Policy in Brazil and the role of the Judiciary in the defense of the implementation of Social Law
Authors: Santos Janayna Samara De Sá Ferreira , Silva Bruno Cezar 
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho visa fazer uma reflexão acerca da implementação da política pública de saúde no Brasil, bem como, do papel do judiciário na defesa desse direito social, tendo em vista ser, a saúde, direito de todos e dever do Estado. Nesse diapasão, o Poder Judiciário, quando chamado, tem a função de dar máxima efetividade ao referido direito fundamental, na tentativa de não se curvar diante das omissões ou negligências estatais. O cerne desse estudo será analisar os motivos pelos quais não há o efetivo cumprimento dessa específica política pública. Apresentar-se-á, no decorrer do artigo, a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde e sua finalidade, as atribuições inerentes aos três níveis governamentais, a teoria da Separação dos Poderes e do Sistema de Freios e Contrapesos, a legitimação da via judicial para apreciação de demandas requerendo o direito à saúde, bem como, alternativas capazes de dar concretude ao sistema sanitário do país com base nos princípios da universalidade, equidade e integralidade. O objetivo é tentar modificar o cenário de desigualdade na assistência à Saúde do povo brasileiro e evitar a crescente procura judicial reivindicando um direito que deveria ser garantido diretamente e sem obstáculos a cada pessoa.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Política Pública. Saúde. Poder Judiciário.ABSTRACTThe actually work expect make a reflection around the implementation of the public policy of the health in Brazil, like, role of the judiciary in defense of social rights, with the objective to be the health right of the all and duty of the State. In this sense the judiciary when called has function of giving maximum affectivity in relation fundamental right, in an attempt of not .to bow before the omissions or state negligence. The heart of this study will analyze the reasons for which there is no effective compliance specific public policy. In the course of the article, the creation of the simple health system and its purpose, the attributions inherent to the three governmental levels, the theory of separation of powers and the system of checks and balances the legitimation of the judicial process for the assessment of claims requiring the right to health, as well as, alternatives capable of giving concrete from to the health system of the country based on the principles of universality, equity and completeness. The objective is to try to modify the scenarios of inequality in health care of the Brazilian people and avoid increasing judicial demand by claiming a right that should be guaranteed directly and without obstacles to each person.KEYWORDS: Public Policy. Cheers. Judicial Power.
Afetividade: Uma discussão histórica e epistemológica / Affectivity: A historical and epistemological discussion
Authors: Freitas Rosa Elzira Rodrigues Cavalcante , Miguel Joelson Rodrigues 
Published: May 2019

A afetividade tem se constituído em assunto bastante debatido no meio educacional, já que pressupõe-se que o vínculo afetivo na relação educando e educador, exerce grande influência no desenvolvimento cognitivo do discente. Torna-se importante pois, uma maior compreensão histórica e epistemológica sobre esta terminologia, de forma a que possamos apreender melhor seus significados e contribuições para a aprendizagem, principalmente nas séries iniciais. É preciso que sejam desenvolvidas políticas públicas que dêem maior ênfase a conteúdos e atividades que levem em conta a afetividade. Este é, sem dúvida, um recurso interno que ajuda o aluno em seu desempenho relacional, nas diversas atividades escolares.
A Prática Educativa de um Professor de Música: Um Estudo de Caso / The Educational Practice of a Music Professor: A Case Study
Authors: Miguel Joelson Rodrigues 
Published: May 2019

A presente pesquisa é um estudo de caso visando proporcionar uma reflexão da importância da música como instrumento de democratização e suporte no processo interdisciplinar. O objetivo principal foi compreender e identificar os processos de ensino-aprendizagens musicais do professor de instrumento na prática educativa atuante na Escola Sanfônica de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, bem como a lógica que guia as suas ações pedagógicas. Os resultados levaram a uma maior reflexão sobre algumas contribuições do registro pedagógico para a educação musical, bem como, a importância para a historiografia, musicologia das tradições populares do sanfoneiro do nordeste. Foram ainda consideradas algumas implicações desse estudo para as discussões sobre a formação dos professores de música e suas competências e habilidades, de forma que possam contribuir para futuras políticas públicas que contemplem a música no ambiente educacional. Palavras-chave: Registro musical, Ensino do intrumento, Práticas pedagógicas.
Famílias Contemporâneas e a perda da legitimidade: Um estudo psicanalítico / Contemporary Families and loss of the parents' legitimacy: A Psychoanalytic Study
Authors: Oliveira Renata Alves de Carvalho 
Published: May 2019

Essa pesquisa tem como principal objetivo estudar a relação existente entre a estrutura familiar na contemporaneidade com a possível perda da legitimidade dos pais. A investigação sustenta-se teoricamente nos pilares da Teoria Psicanalítica, visto que Freud (1989) em sua teoria explica a importância da figura de um referencial para que o sujeito possa tornar-se desejante e ativo em sua própria vida e também utiliza autores que falam sobre a família na contemporaneidade e as mudanças das estruturas familiares de piramidal para estrutura em rede. Utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo. Conclui-se que esse tema é muito abrangente e envolve aspectos culturais, históricos e sociais, visto que a partir do século XX houve muitas desconstruções de referenciais até então existentes e isso influenciou consideravelmente na maneira de viver das pessoas e inclusive na forma de criar os filhos. Conclui-se também que a globalização, o consumismo e a lógica de mercado também têm influenciado no que Lebrun (2008) classifica como “a crise de legitimidade”. Não há mais uma preocupação social no sujeito contemporâneo, e sim uma preocupação individualista onde o gozo é o principal objetivo de vida.
Políticas de Saúde Bucal no Brasil: Mudanças a Partir de 1988 / National Health Policies in Brazil: Changes from 1988
Authors: Aguiar Sabrina Ferraz Alves , Rocha Marcelo Pereira da 
Published: May 2019

Durante anos a saúde bucal esteve à margem das políticas públicas. Com o advento do SUS a saúde passou a ser direito de todos os brasileiros. Objetivo: Discutir as mudanças ocorridas na saúde bucal após a implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde. Materiais e Métodos: Revisão da Literatura com acesso a bases de dados, como LILACS, Scielo e publicações do Ministério da Saúde, do período 1988 a 2019. Resultados: Foram encontrados diversas publicações que embasaram este estudo. Destacam-se a inclusão das equipes de saúde bucal na Estratégia de Saúde da Família e a Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal para a reorganização das ações e serviços de saúde bucal no País. Conclusão: Evidenciaram-se melhorias na atenção em saúde bucal. O programa Brasil Sorridente ampliou o acesso saúde aos serviços da atenção básica, bem como na média e alta complexidade. Destacam-se dificuldades, como a superação do modelo biomédico e desigualdades na oferta de água fluoretada, bem como no acesso a serviços odontológicos. Além disso, deve-se melhorar a formação dos profissionais e ampliar o financiamento, com o intuito de facilitar o acesso e garantir a integralidade da atenção em saúde.
Ilustracja książek dla dzieci jako źródło dylematów tłumacza - na przykładzie dwóch niemieckich przekładów Le Petit Prince Antoine’a de Saint-Exupéry’ego
Authors: Sommerfeld Beate 
Published: May 2019

The article deals with translator’s dilemmas in the context of picturebooks on the example of the new translations of the French classic “Le Petit Prince” by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. Given the intermedia character or illustrated books for children, their translation is a very demanding task. It requires ‘visual literacy’, the ability of ‘reading’ and understanding pictures. The way, in which the translators cope with the interplay between the verbal and the visual, so essential for picturebooks, allows to discern their translation strategies. The examined examples point out the discrepancies between domesticating translation and the original illustrations and also the impact of new illustration on the target text. The example of Hans Magnus Enzensberger shows to what extent the original illustrations can be a disruptive factor in adapting translation, so that the only solution is to ignore the intermedia character of the source text. Such manipulation results in the empoverishment of the text. In the case of Peter Sloterdijk his demand for new illustrations can be considered as a consequence of the re-contextualization, that can be observed in his translation.
Zapożyczenia leksykalne w cyklolekcie
Authors: Wiertlewski Stefan 
Published: May 2019

There is an abundance of loanwords (especially English) in Polish cycling sociolect. After a presentation of basic facts on the different types of borrowings (lexical loans, semantic loans and loan translations), about 600 English lexical loans divided into semantic classes (e.g. cycling disciplines, riders, equipment) are analyzed in the article. This is accompanied by a discussion of the most striking characteristics of their graphic, phonological, morphological and semantic adaptation into the Polish language.
Akrasia in Epictetus: A Comparison with Aristotle
Authors: Tremblay Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere has been little discussion of strict akrasia in contemporary literature on Stoicism ever since Brad Inwood (1985.Ethics and Human Action in Early Stoicism. Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press) persuasively argued that Stoic psychology has no means to account for such a phenomenon. And it is true that we find no such phenomenon in Epictetus. However, Inwood’s argument only applies to akrasia in the strict sense, which is when an agent knowingly acts contrary to a self-directed imperative. Stoicism can still allow for akrasia in the broad sense, which is defined by Inwood as any instance when “an agent fails to stand by a previous decision about what he will do or by some general plan or programme of action” (133). When we widen our conception of akrasia to include the broad sense it becomes apparent that this phenomenon is of significant importance to Epictetus. This is best made evident through analogy with Aristotle. This paper argues that Epictetus’ ethics involves three key features which are also present in Aristotle’s discussion of akrasia in the Nicomachean Ethics: 1) A major problem for agents is when they fail to render a universal premise effective at motivating a particular action in accordance with that premise. 2) There are two reasons this occurs: Precipitancy and Weakness. 3) Precipitancy and Weakness can be prevented by gaining a fuller understanding of our beliefs and commitments. This comparison should make clear that akrasia is certainly not absent from Epictetus. Rather a very Aristotelian understanding of why we fail to act in accordance with what we take to be in our own best interests remains at the center of his ethics.
Rheological Monitoring of Structure Development and Rebodying of Set-Style Yoghurt
Authors: Afonso I. M. , Maia J. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe present work was undertaken in order to evaluate the rheological changes of set-style yoghurt at different incubation times, during production. The study of rheological changes of milk destined to set-style yoghurt production, in different processing stages prior to fermentation was accomplished using steady and oscillatory shear, while the study of the influence of storage time was also carried out using steady shear. Set-style yoghurt samples with 2 and 3 hours of fermentation exhibited a major structural breakdown during upward shear rate sweep experiments as expected, since the protein network was initially intact. Both samples exhibited two points of sudden decay. For T2 the these points occured at shear stresses of 38 Pa and 77 Pa and for T3 at 47 Pa and 80-83 Pa. The first point corresponds to the main break-up of protein network and the second one to the disruption of primary-aggregates, breaking the portion of casein network that was associated with exopolyssacharides produced by lactic acid bacteria. Structural analysis performed by means of oscillatory measurements indicate that the protein network is already partially formed after 2 hours, albeit full development is only achieved after longer periods. Heat-treated milk, evaporated milk and set-style yoghurt samples with 0 and 1 hour incubation times showed an apparent yield stress value of approximately 0.4 Pa and a strong shear-thinning behaviour afterwards. At higher shear stresses (approximately 1.6 Pa), however, the behaviour changed to shear-thickening, this effect being attributed to flow-induced interactions between the milk components. For the latter sample, a further change in flow behaviour occurred at a stress of 8 Pa, which is probably due to the breakdown of the weak protein network that had formed during incubation.
Magnetoviscous Effects In Ferrofluids
Authors: Odenbach S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Suspensions of magnetic particles with diameters in the nanometer range exhibit longterm sedimentation stability as well as the possibility of magnetic field induced control of their properties and flow. One of the most famous field induced effects is the change of viscosity of the fluids due to the action of magnetic influences. An explanation of these effects on basis of microscopic models is a challenging field of actual experimental and theoretical research. Within this article the state of knowledge on magnetoviscous effects in magnetic fluids will be summarized and in particular the experimental methods used to obtain related results will be discussed.
The Dam Break Problem For A Hyperconcentrated Suspension
Authors: Nsom Blaise 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A rheological approach of muddy debris flows is presented for environmental engineering and risk assessment purposes. The debris flow is viewed as a hyperconcentrated suspension of non brownian solid particles. Experimental and theoretical studies are presented versus the concentration. The experimental work generally consists in generating the flow of well characterized suspensions by a dam break. Then, the time evolution of the front as well as that of the stage at given position are accurately determined. On the theoretical framework, the viscous equations of motion of the suspension are written with the shallow water approximation, and the asymptotic solution in a non dimensional form is derived. Finally, the experimental and the theoretical results are successfully compared and the limits of this rheological approach is fixed.