bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molluscan systematics: historical perspectives and the way ahead
Authors: Xu Biyang , Kong Lingfeng , Sun Jin , Zhang Junlong , Zhang Yang , Song Hao , Li Qi , Uribe Juan E. , Halanych Kenneth M. , Cai Chenyang , Dong Yun‐Wei , Wang Shi , Li Yuanning 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMollusca, the second‐most diverse animal phylum, is estimated to have over 100,000 living species with great genetic and phenotypic diversity, a rich fossil record, and a considerable evolutionary significance. Early work on molluscan systematics was grounded in morphological and anatomical studies. With the transition from oligo gene Sanger sequencing to cutting‐edge genomic sequencing technologies, molecular data has been increasingly utilised, providing abundant information for reconstructing the molluscan phylogenetic tree. However, relationships among and within most major lineages of Mollusca have long been contentious, often due to limited genetic markers, insufficient taxon sampling and phylogenetic conflict. Fortunately, remarkable progress in molluscan systematics has been made in recent years, which has shed light on how major molluscan groups have evolved. In this review of molluscan systematics, we first synthesise the current understanding of the molluscan Tree of Life at higher taxonomic levels. We then discuss how micromolluscs, which have adult individuals with a body size smaller than 5 mm, offer unique insights into Mollusca's vast diversity and deep phylogeny. Despite recent advancements, our knowledge of molluscan systematics and phylogeny still needs refinement. Further advancements in molluscan systematics will arise from integrating comprehensive data sets, including genome‐scale data, exceptional fossils, and digital morphological data (including internal structures). Enhanced access to these data sets, combined with increased collaboration among morphologists, palaeontologists, evolutionary developmental biologists, and molecular phylogeneticists, will significantly advance this field.
Is histopathological analysis necessary in patients undergoing sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease? A retrospective study
Authors: Petrusic Antonietta , Mongelli Francesco , Sabbatini Flaminia , Christoforidis Dimitri , Pini Ramon , Merlo Elisabetta , Popeskou Sotirios Georgios , La Regina Davide , Iaquinandi Fabiano 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to assess the utility of routine histopathological examination in patients undergoing elective sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease after full colonoscopy 1 year prior to surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed medical records of all patients undergoing sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease with a documented colonoscopy within 1 year before surgery from January 2013 to December 2023. We collected preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data of all patients. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with an unexpectedly abnormal histopathological report compared to colonoscopy.ResultsDuring the study period, 207 patients undergoing sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease were included. Mean age was 62.7 ± 13.0 years and 97 (46.9%) patients were men. In eight (3.9%) cases an unexpected finding was noted on the histopathological examination: five (2.4%) of them were hyperplastic polyps with no dysplasia and no clinical relevance, two (1.0%) were polyps with low‐grade dysplasia and in one case (0.5%) a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma was present in a patient with history of lymphoma treated in the past 10 years. The Goodman and Kruskal's G index was 0.953 (95% lower limit of 0.913), which indicated high concordance between the colonoscopy and the definitive histopathological examination.ConclusionsIn our series, the preoperative colonoscopy reliably predicted the result of the histopathological specimen findings in patients undergoing sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease. Only one (0.5%) high‐risk patient had an unexpected clinically significant finding. Therefore, routine histopathological examination may not be justified for all patients.
In‐vitro‐Diagnostik von Arzneimittelallergien
Authors: Glässner Andreas , Weßollek Katharina , Yazdi Amir S. , Sachs Bernhardt 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der In‐vitro‐Diagnostik arzneimittelallergischer Reaktionen können serologische von zellulären Testverfahren unterschieden werden. Zu den serologischen Testverfahren gehört der Nachweis spezifischer IgE‐Antikörper, der bei Soforttyp‐Reaktionen eingesetzt wird. Zu den zellulären Testsystemen zählt der Basophilenaktivierungstest, der ebenfalls in der Diagnostik der Soforttypallergie eingesetzt wird, sowie der Lymphozytentransformationstest. Letzterer findet vor allem Anwendung bei Spättyp‐Reaktionen. Weitere zelluläre Testverfahren sind der CAST‐ELISA sowie der Mastzellaktivierungstest. Keines der aufgeführten Testverfahren kann bei negativem Ergebnis eine Allergie sicher ausschließen. Auch ist ein positives Testergebnis nicht gleichbedeutend mit einer Allergie, da die Ergebnisse stets im klinischen Kontext bewertet werden müssen.
Screening der Psoriasisarthritis durch Dermatologen – eine deutschlandweite Umfrage
Authors: Pinter Andreas , Hofmann Matthias , Kaufmann Roland , Müller‐Stahl Jutta , König Anke 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielsetzungBis zu 30% der Psoriasis vulgaris (PsO) ist klinisch mit einer Psoriasisarthritis (PsA) assoziiert. Ein Großteil der neu auftretenden PsA wird erst in einem späteren Stadium diagnostiziert, obwohl eine frühzeitige wirksame Behandlung wichtig wäre, um potenziell strukturelle Schäden zu verhindern. Ziel dieser Studie war es aufzuklären, welche Screeningmethoden zur Erkennung der PsA bei Patienten mit PsO in der klinischen Routine angewandt werden.Patienten und MethodikDiese in Deutschland durchgeführte nichtinterventionelle, prospektive, epidemiologische Querschnittsstudie befasst sich mit der Screening‐Aktivität und Behandlungsauswahl dermatologischer Praxen bei Verdacht auf PsA. Deskriptive Statistiken und Patientenmerkmale wurden für verschiedene Zentrumstypen analysiert.ErgebnisseEinhundertfünfundneunzig Patienten von 34 niedergelassenen Ärzten, fünf nichtuniversitären Krankenhäusern und neun Universitätskliniken wurden eingeschlossen. Fragebögen oder bildgebende Verfahren wurden nicht routinemäßig eingesetzt (<45%). Insbesondere Ultraschall (≤5%) und MRT (<6,3%) wurden selten durchgeführt. Zwischen 30% und 75% der vermuteten PsA konnten bestätigt werden. Die Überweisung zum Rheumatologen und/oder die Einleitung einer geeigneten Therapie waren die häufigsten Folgen.SchlussfolgerungenDie Ergebnisse dieser Studie spiegeln den Stand der PsA‐Screening‐Aktivitäten von Dermatologen wider. Bildgebende Verfahren, insbesondere Ultraschall oder MRT zur Erkennung von Frühformen der PsA, wurden nur unzureichend eingesetzt, was zu einer anhaltenden Unterdiagnostizierung beigetragen könnte. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Dermatologen und Rheumatologen sollte im Hinblick auf die Verbesserung eines wirksamen PsA‐Screenings überprüft werden.
Klinisch‐pathologische Merkmale Methotrexat‐induzierter epidermaler Dysmaturation: Eine Studie an 22 Patienten unter Niedrigdosistherapie
Authors: Aebischer Valentin , Hahn Matthias , Lenders Daniela , Metzler Gisela , Schaller Martin , Silber Toni , Forchhammer Stephan 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleHaut‐ und Schleimhauterosionen mit histopathologischen Zeichen einer epidermalen Dysmaturation sind eine bekannte Nebenwirkung zytostatischer Chemotherapien, können aber auch unter niedrig dosierter Methotrexat (MTX)‐Therapie beobachtet werden. Ziel der Studie war die Charakterisierung der klinischen und histopathologischen Veränderungen.Patienten und MethodikIn einer Datenbankabfrage des Archivs für Dermatopathologie wurden 22 Patienten identifiziert, die unter niedrig dosiertem MTX eine epidermale Dysmaturation entwickelt hatten. Klinische, laborchemische sowie histopathologische Parameter wurden analysiert und statistisch mit SPSS ausgewertet.ErgebnisseDie Patienten waren im Durchschnitt 69,1 Jahre alt und überwiegend weiblich. Die Hauptindikationen waren Psoriasis vulgaris und rheumatoide Arthritis. Klinisch zeigten sich erosive Plaques an der Injektionsstelle, an der Schleimhaut oder disseminierte Läsionen am gesamten Integument. Die Laborwerte der Patienten waren in der Regel unauffällig. Die Epidermis zeigte vergrößerte Keratinozyten mit blassem Zytoplasma und vergrößerten Zellkernen mit prominenten Nukleolen sowie eine Degeneration der Basalzellschicht. Die Dermis wies eine Infiltration mit neutrophilen Granulozyten, Lymphozyten und Histiozyten auf.SchlussfolgerungenMit dieser Studie möchten wir diagnostische Kriterien für die Methotrexat‐assoziierte epidermale Dysmaturation vorschlagen und das Bewusstsein unter Klinikern und Pathologen für diese Nebenwirkung schärfen, da eine frühzeitige Diagnose eine potenziell lebensbedrohliche Progression verhindern kann.
The Neglected Role of Sex‐Biased Dispersal in Range‐Shift Prediction Under Climate Change
Authors: Santini Luca , Fernando Martina , Mancini Giordano , Di Marco Moreno 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTStudies aimed at estimating species response to climate change generally employ correlative species distribution models (SDMs) coupled with dispersal scenarios. However, dispersal distances are generally lacking or nonrepresentative, so researchers typically estimate dispersal distance from allometric relationships. Yet, these estimates ignore the role of sex bias in dispersal—where one sex disperses more than the other—leading to important prediction errors. We collected sex‐specific dispersal data for 47 mammal species characterised by different levels of sex bias and projected their distribution under future climate scenarios, either considering or disregarding sex‐biased dispersal. Results reveal discrepancies that can be substantial for species with marked sex bias. Given the paucity of sex‐specific dispersal data, climate forecasting efforts should cautiously use a range of dispersal scenarios, favouring partial dispersal scenarios that are likely to encompass true species' range shifting abilities. Further research and data collection are crucial for refining predictions and understanding the ecological drivers of sex bias in dispersal across taxa.
Big Data (R)evolution in Geography: Complexity Modelling in the Last Two Decades
Authors: Perez Liliana , Sengupta Raja 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of data and statistics along with computational systems heralded the beginning of a quantitative revolution in Geography. Use of simulation models (Cellular Automata and Agent‐Based Models) followed in the late 1990s, with ontology and epistemology of complexity theory and modelling being defined a little less than two decades ago. We are, however, entering a new era where sensors regularly collect and update large amounts of spatio‐temporal data. We define this ‘Big Data’ as geolocated data collected in sufficiently high volume (exceeding storage capacities of the largest personal hard drives currently available), that is updated at least daily, from a variety of sources in different formats, often without recourse to verification of its accuracy. We then identify the exponential growth in the use of complexity simulation models in the past two decades via an extensive literature review (broken down by application area), but also notice a recent slowdown. Further, a gap in the utilisation of Big Data by modellers to calibrate and validate their models is noted, which we attribute to data availability issues. We contend that Big Data can significantly boost simulation modelling, if certain constraints and issues are managed properly.
The causal effect of economic sanctions on political stability: A two‐stage difference‐in‐differences analysis
Authors: Tan Dongan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study employs the two‐stage difference‐in‐differences (2sDiD) estimator to investigate the causal effect of economic sanctions on political stability. It contributes to existing research by (1) re‐evaluating sanctions' impacts on political stability using newly introduced causal inference methods, and (2) distinguishing the effects of sanctions across various political regimes and economic globalisation levels. The article argues that economic sanctions create economic hardships for the target population, leading to public frustration toward their governments, which stimulates political mobilisation and thereby decreases the country's political stability. However, sanctions hurt democracies more than autocracies because autocratic regimes can suppress public dissent through repression and citizens face higher costs for opposition. Moreover, economic globalisation offers targets alternatives to sanctioned products and services, potentially weakening sanctions thus damaging political stability more in low‐globalised than in high‐globalised countries. Empirical findings from 9230 country‐year observations between 1949 and 2022 largely align with the theoretical predictions, showing that economic sanctions undermine the target's political stability, with these destabilising effects contingent upon its political regime and economic globalisation levels.
Periodontitis Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness as Measured by Serial Cardio‐Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI): A 10‐Year Cohort Study
Authors: Kanpittaya Bantita , Lertpimonchai Attawood , Mongkornkarn Sanutm , Samaranayake Lakshman , Thongmung Nisakorn , Limpijankit Thosaphol , Charatkulangkun Orawan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo investigate the effect of periodontitis on the long‐term changes of the cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI).Materials and MethodsA 10‐year retrospective cohort study of 3842 Thai participants (range 25–76 years) with normal CAVI at the study initiation was undertaken. Full‐mouth periodontal examination was performed by calibrated periodontists, and the extent and severity of periodontitis were determined at 5‐year intervals. Serial CAVI measurements were used to examine the incidence of high CAVI (≥ 9.0) and changes in CAVI over time (ΔCAVI).ResultsParticipants with a higher extent or severity of periodontitis were found to have a significantly higher mean ΔCAVI. The incidence of high CAVI was also observed to be higher in those with periodontitis compared to those without it. The adjusted risk ratios for developing high CAVI were 1.309 and 1.513 for localized and generalized periodontitis, respectively. Participants with severe periodontitis had a 37% higher likelihood of developing CAVI ≥ 9.0 compared to individuals with no/mild periodontitis. This risk was consistent with a significant change in ΔCAVI of 0.054–0.140.ConclusionsPeriodontitis, both in terms of extent and severity, was found to have a significant dose‐dependent effect on the risk of developing high CAVI over a 10‐year period, suggesting a causal relationship between these two parameters.
Eating and feeding disorders in adults with intellectual developmental disorder with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bertelli M. O. , Paletti F. , Piva Merli M. , Hassiotis A. , Bianco A. , Lassi S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe present observational cross‐sectional study aimed at investigating the prevalence of feeding and eating disorders (FEEDs) in adults with intellectual disability (ID)/intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) with or without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific problem behaviours (PBs).MethodsTwo hundred six adults with ID/IDD consecutively attending residential and rehabilitative facilities, 59.2% of which had co‐occurring ASD, were assessed for presence of FEEDs by a structured interview specifically developed for the study and Diagnostic Manual – Intellectual Disability criteria.ResultsThe 4.3% of the sample fully met the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, 6.7% for bulimia nervosa (BN) and 22.8% for binge eating disorder (BED). Furthermore, at least one observable symptom of these disorders was found in higher percentages of the sample. A higher prevalence of FEEDs was found in ID/IDD plus ASD than in ID/IDD alone. PBs were also significantly higher in participants with co‐occurring ASD and had a positive correlation with the number of FEED symptoms, especially for BN and BED.ConclusionsThe study enriches previous literature and considers novel aspects such as the behavioural/observable presentation of symptoms as well as the association with ASD and PBs. These issues deserve a specific consideration within standard psychiatric assessment and future research, especially in persons with major communication and/or cognitive difficulties.
Vitamin D levels do not correlate with severity of idiopathic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Morrison Alexander H. , Hoke Maya , Thomas Simone , Chaudhry Vinay , Polydefkis Michael ,   PNRR Study Group, Höke Ahmet 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPeripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common neurological condition in elderly adults. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with diabetic and chemotherapy‐induced neuropathy, but its role in idiopathic PN, in which no underlying cause of neuropathy can be identified, has not been investigated.MethodsTwo hundred thirty patients with idiopathic PN enrolled in the Peripheral Neuropathy Research Registry (PNRR) at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine had vitamin D testing information on record. Linear and logistic regressions were used to investigate the relationship between absolute vitamin D level or vitamin D insufficiency (<20 ng/mL) and both the severity of neuropathy as measured by the reduced total neuropathy score (TNSr) and severity of neuropathic pain.ResultsSixteen (7%) patients were vitamin D insufficient (<20 ng/mL). Controlling for factors known to correlate with severity of neuropathy, there was no correlation between absolute vitamin D levels and TNSr (correlation coefficient 0.01, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.07, p = .59) and no association between vitamin D insufficiency and TNSr (correlation coefficient 0.3, 95% CI −2.8 to 3.4, p = .86). Vitamin D insufficiency was not associated with the presence of neuropathic pain (OR 4.1, 95% CI 0.6–26.0, p = .13), and there was no correlation between vitamin D levels and pain score (correlation coefficient 0.01, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.03, p = .59).InterpretationIn a single‐center cohort of patients with idiopathic PN, there was no correlation between vitamin D levels and the severity of neuropathy or neuropathic pain.
Impact of Chronic Moderate Psychological Stress on Skin Aging: Exploratory Clinical Study and Cellular Functioning
Authors: Pujos Muriel , Chamayou‐Robert Cécile , Parat Marine , Bonnet Magali , Couret Sandra , Robiolo Alessia , Doucet Olivier 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionSkin is continuously exposed to environmental external and internal factors, including psychological stress (PS). PS has been reported to trigger different dermatoses such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, alopecia areata, and acne through the release of cortisol and epinephrine.ObjectiveTo clinically explore PS‐induced measurable skin aging signs in subjects with moderate versus mild chronic PS, and to investigate the effect of chronic PS on DNA damage at cellular level.MethodsIn vitro stress tests with cortisol and epinephrine, and with cortisol only on extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, as well as on normal human skin fibroblast and keratinocyte functioning, including skin barrier and wound healing were performed.ResultsModerately stressed subjects in the context of the clinical study had a significantly decreased antioxidant potential and impacted skin barrier integrity, as well as significantly increased signs of microrelief alterations (skin texture and fine lines) reaching an increased severity of about 32.9%. At a cellular level, DNA integrity, ECM synthesis, wound healing, and skin barrier parameters were impacted by increased stress hormone levels.ConclusionThe clinical exploratory studies presented herewith, as well as the study of cell functioning under stress, have provided evidence that chronic PS significantly affects skin homeostasis and triggers skin aging.
A Systematic Review of Case Series and Clinical Trials Investigating Regenerative Medicine for the Treatment of Vitiligo
Authors: Jafarzadeh Alireza , Mohammad Arash Pour , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of various regenerative medicine treatments, such as cell therapy, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), plasma‐poor platelet (PPP), plasma‐rich fibrin (PRF), mesenchymal stem cells, stromal vascular fraction (SVF), exosomes, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC), and stem cell‐conditioned media (SC‐CM), for treating vitiligo.MethodWe conducted a thorough search of major databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and selected 48 articles based on specific criteria. We used EndNote X8 and Google Sheets to review and extract data from the articles. After analyzing the studies, we categorized them accordingly.ResultsThis systematic review analyzed 48 articles involving 2186 patients with vitiligo to assess the effectiveness of regenerative medicine treatments. Key findings revealed that methods such as autologous non‐cultured melanocyte‐keratinocyte transplantation and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injection exhibited significant repigmentation, particularly when combined with modalities like NB‐UVB phototherapy and laser treatments. Notably, the autologous melanocyte‐keratinocyte transplantation achieved over 50% repigmentation within 9 months, while PRP demonstrated an average repigmentation of 58.7%, especially effective with CO2 laser treatment. Hair follicle‐derived cell transplantation also showed impressive response rates, achieving good to excellent results in up to 93.8% of patients. Side effects were noted in 21 of 28 studies, primarily involving pain, with no serious adverse events reported. The risk of bias assessment indicated that 37.21% of studies were low risk, while 48.84% had high risks overall. These findings suggest that while regenerative medicine holds promise for vitiligo treatment, further clinical trials are necessary to explore additional methods like stromal vascular fraction and exosomes.ConclusionWe have concluded that regenerative medicine plays an effective role in the treatment of vitiligo lesions. Furthermore, this treatment method is safe and does not cause serious complications. It can be used alone or in combination with other methods for treating vitiligo. To advance the treatment of vitiligo, we recommend conducting clinical trials on the unexplored branches of regenerative medicine.
Fiscal Space and the Supply of Pro‐Government Militias
Authors: Lehmann M. Christian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMilitias hamper state‐building by undermining the government's monopoly of violence, which creates an environment of anarchy. Yet many governments collaborate with them. These pro‐government militias (PGMs), such as paramilitary groups, are not only a poor‐country phenomenon, that is, economic growth does not seem to eradicate these armed nonstate actors: Intriguingly, cross‐country data reveals a U‐shaped relationship between GDP per capita and PGM presence. This article presents an economic theory of PGM supply that can explain this puzzling relationship and provide actionable ways for international actors (e.g., UN) to discourage the emergence of PGMs. However, the theory also cautions that some common international policies (e.g., development aid) may unintentionally encourage PGM supply.