bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From start-up to heavy clogging: performance evaluation of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands during 10 years of operation
Authors: Vasconcellos Gabriel Rodrigues , von Sperling Marcos , Ocampos Roberta Silva 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of two horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, one planted with cattail (Typha latifolia) and the other unplanted. The distinguishing feature of this study is that it spans a period of more than 10 years, from start-up to a final operation with heavy clogging and full overland flow. For most of the time, starting in June 2007, the system received municipal sewage previously treated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, but for one specific period, the pre-treatment was comprised of the UASB reactor and a trickling filter in series. The two constructed wetlands worked in parallel, each serving approximately 50 p.e. and continuously receiving a flow around 7.5 m3 d−1 for most of the time. The beds had a length of 25 m and a width of 3 m and were filled with blast furnace slag. For most of this long operational period, performance was very good in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS), with median effluent concentrations of 19/18, 46/52 and 12/8, respectively (planted/unplanted units). Clogging was noticeable in the first years of operation, soon leading to overland flow. However, treatment performance was still successful, even when the system's hydraulics were strongly deteriorated. The type of pre-treatment and the applied loads influenced more the performance of the units than the period of operation itself, evidencing the robustness of the system.
The Mechanisms of Actions of Aldosterone and its Antagonists in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Pantelidis Panteleimon , Sideris Michail , Viigimaa Margus , Avranas Konstantinos , Deligkaris Pavlos , Zografou Ioanna , Lovic Dragan 
Published: February 2019

Background:Aldosterone, through its actions on Mineralcorticosteroid Receptors (MR), controls fluid and electrolyte balance, but also exerts various direct deleterious actions on the vasculature. A number of aldosterone antagonists have been manufactured to reverse these effects.Objective:A comprehensive review of the underlying mechanisms of the actions of aldosterone and its antagonists in cardiovascular disease.Method:The relevant studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, published from 2003 to May 2018 were identified and reported.Results:Aldosterone binds to MR, activating them as intracellular transcription factors. Moreover, aldosterone, through its actions on MR, as well as on another not fully explored class of receptors, triggers several signaling pathways that produce rapid, non-genomic actions. In the vasculature, all these changes favor the establishment of inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction, which, in turn, lead to or exacerbate various cardiovascular diseases. Mineralcorticosteroid Antagonists (MRA) are compounds that antagonize the action of aldosterone on MR. Spironolactone was the first steroidal MRA to be commercially used. It showed beneficial clinical results, but also a number of adverse effects. The next generation of steroidal MRA, exhibited lower potency but did not induce many of these adverse reactions, due to their high selectivity for MR. The third generation of MRA compromises the newly introduced non-steroidal MRA, which have a completely different chemical structure, they induce different and more drastic changes to MR, they are much more specific and currently under clinical trials.Conclusion:New MRA, which block the aldosterone induced pathways in the vasculature, hold promising results for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
A Novel Oral Glutarimide Derivative XC8 Suppresses Sephadex-Induced Lung Inflammation in Rats and Ovalbumin-induced Acute and Chronic Asthma in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Ferko Boris , Romanova Julia , Rydlovskaya Anastasia V. , Kromova Tatyana A. , Proskurina Oxana V. , Amelina Anna N. , Schmutz Helmut , Renner Andreas , Nebolsin Vladimir E. 
Published: February 2019

Background:Corticosteroids are the preferred option to treat asthma, however, they possess serious side effects and are inefficient in 10% of patients. Thus, new therapeutic approaches for asthma treatment are required.Objective:To study the efficacy of a novel glutarimide derivative XC8 in a Sephadex-induced lung inflammation in rats as well as in acute and chronic ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in guinea pigs.Method:Rats were treated with 0.18-18 mg/kg of XC8 intragastrically 4 times (24 h and 1 h prior to and 24 h and 45 h after endotracheal administration of Sephadex). The number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveaolar lavages (BAL) was determined. Guinea pigs were treated with 0.045 -1.4 mg/kg (acute asthma) or with 1.4 and 7.0 mg/kg of XC8 (chronic asthma) intragastrically following the sensitization with ovalbumin and during aerosol challenge. Lung inflammation, numbers of eosinophils (BAL and lung tissue), goblet cells, degranulating mast cells and specific airway resistance (sRAW) were determined. The comparator steroid drug budesonide (0.5 mg/kg for rats and 0.16 mg/kg for guinea pigs) was administered by inhalation.Results:XC8 reduced influx of eosinophils into BAL in Sephadex-induced lung inflammation model in rats (by 2.6-6.4 times). Treatment of acute asthma in guinea pigs significantly reduced eosinophils in guinea pigs in BAL (from 55% to 30%-39% of the total cell count) and goblet cells in lung tissue. In a model of acute and chronic asthma, XC8 reduced significantly the number of eosinophils and degranulating mast cells in the lung tissue. Treatment with XC8 but not with budesonide decreased the specific airway resistance in acute and chronic asthma model up to the level of naive animals.Conclusion:XC8 induced a profound anti-inflammatory effect by reducing eosinophils in BAL and eosinophils and degranulating mast cell numbers in the airway tissue. The anti-asthmatic effect of XC8 is comparable to that of budesonide. Moreover, in contrast to budesonide, XC8 was capable to reduce goblet cells and airway resistance.
Using PBPK Modeling to Predict Drug Exposure and Support Dosage Adjustments in Patients With Renal Impairment: An Example with Lamivudine
Authors: Shah Kushal , Fischetti Briann , Cha Agnes , Taft David R. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat HIV and
hepatitis B. It is primarily cleared by the kidney with renal secretion mediated by OCT2 and MATE.

Objective:
To use PBPK modeling to assess the impact of renal impairment on lamivudine
pharmacokinetics using the Simcyp® Simulator.

Methods:
The model incorporated the Simcyp® Mechanistic Kidney Model option to predict renal disposition.
The model was initially verified using the Simcyp® Healthy Volunteer population. Two discrete patient
populations were then created for moderate (GFR 10-40 mL/min) and severe (GFR < 10 mL/min) renal
failure (RF), and model simulations were compared to published data. The developed model was then
utilized in a clinical study evaluating the clinical experience and plasma exposure of lamivudine when
administered at higher than recommended doses to HIV-infected patients with varying degrees of renal
impairment.

Results:
Predicted systemic exposure metrics (Cmax, AUC) compared favorably to published clinical data
for each population, with the following fold errors (FE, ratio of predicted and observed data) for
Cmax/AUC: Healthy Volunteers 1.04/1.04, Moderate RF 1.03/0.78, Severe RF 0.89/0.79. The model captured
lamivudine plasma concentrations measured pre- and post-dose (0.5-1.5hr) in study participants (n =
34). Model simulations demonstrated comparable systemic profiles across patient cohorts, supporting the
proposed dosage adjustment scheme.

Conclusion:
This study illustrates how PBPK modeling can help verify dosing guidelines for patients with
varying levels of renal impairment. This approach may also be useful for predicting potential changes in
exposure during renal insufficiency for compounds undergoing clinical development.
Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Acute Liver Failure: A Challenging and Distressing Scenario
Authors: Colaci Carla Stefania , Mendizabal Manuel , Bessone Fernando 
Published: February 2019

Background:Idiosyncratic Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is a rare adverse event to drugs
that occasionally leads to severe liver damage, being one of the leading causes of Acute Liver Failure
(ALF) in developed countries. DILI is largely a diagnosis of exclusion.

Discussion and Conclusion:Careful history of drug taking and ruling out other competing etiologies is
mandatory given that DILI can present with an extremely variable phenotype. Several prognostic scores
have been developed to promptly identify patients with potential risk of developing ALF. New biomarkers
to diagnose and predict DILI evolution are under study and hopefully we will benefit from these novel tools
in the near future
Citalopram-Associated Alopecia: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review
Authors: Hekmatjah Joshua , Tareen Kinza , Tareen Ruqiya Shama 
Published: February 2019

Background:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line treatments for various psychiatric disorders. SSRIs offer an improved side effect profile compared to older treatments, which improves patients’ adherence and quality of life.Case Report:Here we discuss a case of an uncommon, but a distressing side effect of citalopram. A 76-year old woman was referred to the psychiatry clinic for bizarre behavior. The patient was diagnosed with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and was started on citalopram 20 mg and aripiprazole 5 mg daily. At 3.5 months the patient complained of diffuse hair thinning on her scalp. Citalopram was considered the offending agent and was discontinued. Within a few months, the patient regained most of her hair. Although drug-induced alopecia is common among other SSRIs, it is relatively rare with citalopram.Results and Conclusion:Early recognition, withdrawal of offending agent, and reassurance to the patient that hair loss is reversible can help alleviate patient distress and avoid relapse.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Infusa Daun Ungu Dengan Metoda DPPH (1,1- diphenil- 2-picrylhidrazil)
Authors: Salim Reny 
Published: February 2019

<em>Tanaman ungu merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai tanaman obat. Masyarakat memanfaatkan tanaman ini sebagai obat wasir, demam, bisul, melancarkan haid, dan lain-lain. Khasiat yang dimiliki oleh daun dari tanaman wungu ini disebabkan oleh keberadaan senyawa metabolit sekunder. Secara penampilan fisik dan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya tentang daun dari tanaman Wungu ini dapat diyakini adanya senyawa antosianin dari golongan polifenol. Senyawa antosianin dari golongan fenol merupakan senyawa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai zat antioksidan, maka dilakukanlah pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dari infusa daun tanaman Wungu ini. Metoda ekstraksi yang dipilih adalah infusa karena masyarakat pada umumnya mengolah daun ini dengan cara merebus daunnya lalu meminum airnya. Daun Wungu yang dibuat infusa mempunyai konsentrasi 10% lalu diencerkan hingga pada konsentrasi (75, 100, 125, 150, 175) µg/mL. Setiap infusa tersebut diambil 1 mL direaksikan dengan 2 mL larutan DPPH 35 µg/mL dalam tabung reaksi berlapis aluminium selama waktu optimum (30 menit). Setelah waktu optimum tercapai maka dilakukan pengukuran absorbansi menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 515 nm. Hasil pengukuran memberikan data bahwa aktivitas antioksidan berdasarkan IC50 dari infusa daun Wungu berada pada konsentrasi 125,09 µg/mL. Nilai IC50 yang diperoleh infusa dibandingkan dengan nilai inhibisi dari larutan vitamin C yang dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi (10, 12, 14, 16, 18) µg/mL, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan dari infusa daun dari tanaman Wungu tergolong sedang.</em>
Assessing users' perception of Facilities Management services in a Public University: A case study approach
Authors: Oladokun Sunday Olarinre , Ajayi Cyril Ayodele 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Facilities play a vital role in the attraction and retention of quality staff and students in tertiary institution. Hence, the perception of these facilities users is important in assessing Facilities Management (FM) services. Few studies exist in Nigeria on FM practice in tertiary institutions. Therefore, this study investigated the perception of staff and students on FM services within the campus of one of the foremost public universities in Nigeria. This study utilised survey approach by eliciting data from staff and students through self-administered questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and independent sample t-test. It was found that staff and students were more satisfied with cleaning and security services than other FM services in the study area. A significant difference was also found between the perception of staff and that of students over five out of nine categories of FM services while staff were more satisfied in in all the five. The findings suggest the need for all-inclusive performance assessment of FM units and the need to embrace a more user-focused FM policy in tertiary institution. Further research covering more tertiary institutions and other stakeholders within university system may provide more generalisable results.
Retrospective CBCT analysis of airway volume changes after bone-borne vs tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion
Authors: Kavand Golnaz , Lagravère Manuel , Kula Katherine , Stewart Kelton , Ghoneima Ahmed 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To compare changes in upper airway volume after maxillary expansion with bone- and tooth-borne appliances in adolescents and to evaluate the dentoskeletal effects of each expansion modality.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study included 36 adolescents who had bilateral maxillary crossbite and received bone-borne maxillary expansion (average age: 14.7 years) or tooth-borne maxillary expansion (average age: 14.4 years). Subjects had two cone beam computed tomography images acquired, one before expansion (T1) and a second after a 3-month retention period (T2). Images were oriented, and three-dimensional airway volume and dentoskeletal expansion were measured. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences between the two expansion methods for pretreatment, posttreatment, and prepost changes. Paired t-tests were used to test for significance of prepost changes within each method.

Results:
Both groups showed significant increase only in nasal cavity and nasopharynx volume (P &lt; .05), but not oropharynx and maxillary sinus volumes. Intermolar and maxillary width increased significantly in both groups (P &lt; .05); however, the buccal inclination of maxillary molars increased significantly only in the tooth-borne group (P &lt; .05). There was no significant difference between tooth- and bone-borne expansion groups, except for the significantly larger increase in buccal inclination of the maxillary right first molar after tooth-borne expansion.

Conclusions:
In adolescents, both tooth- and bone-borne RME resulted in an increase in nasal cavity and nasopharynx volume, as well as expansion in maxillary intermolar and skeletal widths. However, only tooth-borne expanders caused significant buccal tipping of maxillary molars.
Effect of a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention in People With Serious Mental Illness and Diabetes
Authors: Tseng Eva , Dalcin Arlene T. , Jerome Gerald J. , Gennusa Joseph V. , Goldsholl Stacy , Cook Courtney , Appel Lawrence J. , Maruthur Nisa M. , Daumit Gail L. , Wang Nae-Yuh 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVEGiven the high prevalence of obesity and diabetes in patients with serious mental illness (SMI) and the lack of evidence on the effects of weight loss programs in SMI patients with diabetes, we evaluated the effectiveness of a behavioral weight loss intervention among SMI participants with and without diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSUsing data from ACHIEVE, a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a behavioral weight loss intervention among overweight/obese people with SMI, we assessed and compared weight change from baseline to 18 months in participants with and without diabetes using a longitudinal mixed-effects model.RESULTSOf the 291 trial participants, 82 (28.2%) participants had diabetes (34 and 48 in intervention and control groups, respectively) at baseline. Participants with diabetes were more likely to be taking antipsychotics (31.7% vs. 18.7%, P = 0.02). At 18 months, participants in the control group with diabetes lost 1.2 lb (0.6%) of body weight compared with 0.8 lb (0.7%) among those without diabetes. In the intervention group, participants with diabetes lost 13.7 lb (6.6%) of their initial body weight compared with 5.4 lb (2.9%) for those without diabetes. Corresponding net effects (intervention minus control) were 4.6 lb (2.2%) and 12.5 lb (6.0%) net weight reduction over 18 months in the no diabetes and the diabetes subgroups, respectively. However, the between-group difference in intervention effects was statistically nonsignificant (absolute weight change: P-interaction = 0.08; % weight change: P-interaction = 0.10).CONCLUSIONSA behavioral weight loss intervention is effective among overweight and obese individuals with SMI regardless of their diabetes status.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE HETEROTIC PATTERN OF TROPICAL QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) AND DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE (DMR) MAIZE INBREDS
Authors: Ruswandi D. 
Published: February 2019

Exploration of heterotic patterns among maize inbreds has become important since it could provide information on which new germplasm could be used to improve base population in breeding program. This experiment was a preliminary study on the heterotic relationships between tropical quality protein maize (QPM) and downy mildew resistance (DMR) maize inbreds based on analysis on combining ability. Seven tropical maize inbreds were crossed in a line × tester. One commercial hybrid from Bisi Company, Bisi 2, was included for the evaluation of hybrids as check cultivar. The result revealed that two heterotic groups has been recognized, i.e., major group consisted of CML 161, CML 163, CML 172, Nei 9008, and P345. Whereas the small group contains MR 10 and Ki 3. The hybrids and their parental inbreds were evaluated in Jatinangor, Indonesia (753 m above sea level) in 2003 to 2004. The location of yield test has a humid climate with an annual rainfall of about 1925 mm. The field experiment was arranged in a randomize block design with two replications. The present study revealed two heterotic groups: major group involving CML 161, CML 163, CML 172, Nei 9008, and Ki 3; and small group containing MR 10 and P 345. Moreover, the major group can be divided into two subgroups involving all CML lines for the first subgroup and Nei 9008 and Ki 3 for the second subgroup.
GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION OF ADVANCED SOYBEAN BREEDING LINES IN LAMPUNG UPLAND SOILS
Authors: Arsyad Darman M. , Purwantoro , 
Published: February 2019

Availability of adapted cultivars is needed for the development of soybean cultivation in upland soil in Lampung, Sumatra. Twelve advanced soybean breeding lines and two check varieties (Tanggamus and Wilis) were tested on upland soils of Lampung Province. The trials were conducted in the District of Tulangbawang, Central Lampung, East Lampung and South Lampung during the late rainy season of 2003/2004. Two sites were selected per district for a total of eight sites for the four districts. A split plot design with three replications was used within each location. Plot size was 2.4 m x 4.5 m, plant spacing of 40 cm between rows and 15 cm within a row, and two plants per hill. The mainplot was fertilizer: A= Low inputs (22.5 kg N, 27 kg P2O5, and 40 kg K2O per ha), and B=Medium inputs (22.5 kg N, 36 kg P2O5, 53 kg K2O and 0.56 t CaO per ha). The fertilizers were applied before planting. The subplots were 12 soybean breeding lines together with two check soybean varieties. Results showed that soybean yields were affected significantly by locations, fertilizers, breeding lines, location x fertilizer and location x breeding line interactions. Plant height was affected siginificantly by locations, fertilizers, breeding lines and location x breeding interaction. Pods per plant were affected by locations, fertilizers, location x fertilizer and location x breeding line interactions. All breeding lines and varieties were responsive to changing environments. Based on the smallest Pi parameter (the distance mean square between the cultivar’s response and the maximum response averaged over all locations), and the highest frequency of rank, three breeding lines, namely W3465-27-2 (released in 2004 as cv. Ratai), cv. Tanggamus and D3578- 3/K3911-66-3 were identified as wide adaptability genotypes with the yield potential of more than 2.4 t/ha with an average of 1.6 t/ha.
STABILITAS DAN ADAPTABILITAS HASIL JAGUNG HIBRIDA DR UNPAD DI TIGA LOKASI PADA DUA MUSIM TANAM DI JAWA TIMUR, INDONESIA
Authors: Aprilianti R. , Ruswandi D. , P. Anggia E. , Hastini Tri , Suhada A. , Istifadah N. , Ismail A. , Suryadi E. , Ruswandi S. , Rostini N. 
Published: February 2019

Study adaptability is an important step to select superior hybrids which have wide adaptability or specific adaptability. Fifhteen of DR Unpad hybrids have purpose to know about stability and adaptability for yield characters (yield ton/ha), ear weight of plot (kg), ear weight of sample (kg), and grain weight of sample (kg) of DR Unpad hybrids in East Java and to determine GxE interaction on two plant seasons for build up superior variety in Indonesia. Three location and each location two seasons, fifhteen hybrids and four tester cultivar were tested and randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were analysis of variance, complete analysis variance, and AMMI. The results indicated that there was GxE interaction for yield character. Thus, for yield performance, hybrids Var R showed high stability and high yield. Var R, C, and Var G have a wide adaptability for yield. Var C and R had specific adaptation in marginal location in Sidoarjo on second season. And hybrids Var F and Var B specific for Ngronggot on second season which that location was a good environment.
Solution of a mathematical model for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Matteucci L. , Nucci M. C. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that manifests as a persistent inflammatory synovitis and eventually destroys the joints. The immune system recognizes synovial cells as not self and consequently causes lymphocyte and antibody proliferation that is promoted by the pro-inflammatory cytokines, the most significant being tumor necrosis factor TNF-α. In the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis either monoclonal antibodies or soluble receptors are used to neutralize the TNF-α bioactivity, such as sTNFR2, Etanercept and Infliximab. In [M. Jit et al. Rheumatology 2005;44:323-331] a mathematical model that represents the TNF-α dynamics in the inflamed synovial joint within which locally produced TNF-α can bind to cell-surface receptors was proposed. It consists of four coupled ordinary differential equations, that were integrated numerically assuming a range of estimates of the key parameters. In this paper we complement the previous work by determining the general solution of those equations for specific conditions on the parameters. Then we characterize the behavior of TNF-α in the presence of different inhibitors and also evaluate the inhibitors effectiveness in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.