bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Trapping With Revascularization of Concomitant Cervical and Petrous Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Gozal Yair M , Taussky Philipp , Couldwell William T 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms are rare, complicated lesions to treat. The management paradigms include observation, endovascular exclusion, or surgical trapping with or without revascularization. The case described in this video involved a 67-yr-old woman with a known history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, who presented after a mechanical ground-level fall. Clinically, she had a nasal deformity and resolving epistaxis consistent with mild facial trauma. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a comminuted nasal bone fracture and an incidental 3-cm right petrous ICA aneurysm. Subsequent vascular imaging demonstrated a concurrent 1.5-cm right cervical ICA dissecting pseudoaneurysm. Flow diversion with a Pipeline stent (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) was unsuccessful because the aneurysm's size precluded microcatheter selection of the ICA distal to the lesion. When the patient did not tolerate balloon test occlusion of the ICA, we proceeded with surgical trapping of both aneurysms and high-flow extracranial-to-intracranial bypass. The patient underwent a right frontotemporal craniotomy and an external carotid artery–to–frontal M2 middle cerebral artery bypass with a radial artery graft. Following a clinoidectomy, an aneurysm clip was applied to the paraclinoid ICA, and the cervical ICA was ligated just distal to the bifurcation, effectively trapping both aneurysms. The patient tolerated the procedure well. Postoperatively, she experienced symptomatic hypotension requiring vasopressor therapy and a transient partial oculomotor palsy that resolved during her hospital course. She was discharged home without neurological sequelae. Postoperative CT angiography demonstrated complete exclusion of the ICA aneurysms and a patent radial bypass graft after surgery and at 6-month follow-up. The patient provided consent for publication.
Newton and Action at a Distance
Authors: Henry John 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the historical evidence showing how and why Newton came to accept the possibility of action at a distance, and to a large extent based his physics on attractive and repulsive atomic forces capable of acting at a distance between atoms. Precedents to Newton’s work are examined, including notions of action at a distance proposed by Bacon and Kepler (who associated it chiefly with magnetism). The chapter describes Newton’s discussions of gravity, rarefacation, and aether. Newton was cautious about introducing the concept and considered the reception it would get. Additionally,the chapter responds to the major arguments used to counter suggestions that he accepted action at a distance.
Shareholder Wealth Consequences of Insider Pledging of Company Stock as Collateral for Personal Loans
Authors: Dou Ying , Masulis Ronald W , Zein Jason 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe study a widespread yet under-explored corporate governance phenomenon: the pledging of company stock by insiders as collateral for personal bank loans. Utilizing a regulatory change that exogenously decreases pledging, we document a negative causal impact of pledging on shareholder wealth. We study two channels that could explain this effect. First, we find that margin calls triggered by severe price falls exacerbate the crash risk of pledging firms. Second, since margin calls may cause insiders to suffer personal liquidity shocks or to forgo private benefits of control, we hypothesize and find that pledging is associated with reduced firm risk-taking.Received March 2, 2017; editorial decision January 24, 2019 by Editor David Denis. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Computational comparison of developmental cell lineage trees by alignments
Authors: Yuan Meng , Yang Xujiang , Lin Jinghua , Cao Xiaolong , Chen Feng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Zizhang , Zheng Guifeng , Wang Xueqin , Chen Xiaoshu , Yang Jian-Rong 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe developmental cell lineage tree, which records every cell division event and the terminal developmental state of each single cell, is one of the most important traits of multicellular organisms, as well as key to many significant unresolved questions in biology. Recent technological breakthroughs are paving the way for direct determination of cell lineage trees, yet a general framework for the computational analysis of lineage trees, in particular an algorithm to compare two lineage trees, is still lacking. Based on previous findings that the same developmental program can be invoked by different cells on the lineage tree to produce highly similar subtrees, we designedDevelopmental CellLineageTreeAlignment (DELTA), an algorithm that exhaustively searches for lineage trees with phenotypic resemblance in lineal organization of terminal cells, meanwhile resolving detailed correspondence between individual cells. Using simulated and nematode lineage trees, we demonstrated DELTA’s capability of revealing similarities of developmental programs by lineal resemblances. Moreover, DELTA successfully identifies gene deletion-triggered homeotic cell fate transformations, reveals functional relationship between mutants by quantifying their lineal similarities, and finds the evolutionary correspondence between cell types defined non-uniformly for different species. DELTA establishes novel foundation for comparative study of lineage trees, much like sequence alignment algorithm for biological sequences, and along with the increase of lineage tree data, will likely bring unique insights for the myriads of important questions surrounding cell lineage trees.
Electromagnetic field analysis and cooling system design for high power switched reluctance motor
Authors: Yan Wei-Mon , Teng Hsu-Yang , Li Chun-Han , Ghalambaz Mohammad 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The electromagnetic field and cooling system of a high power switched reluctance motor (SRM) are studied numerically. The geometry of the motor and its main components are established using a computer-aided design software in the actual size. This study aims to evaluate the resulting thermal losses using the electromagnetic analysis of the motor.

Design/methodology/approach
In the electromagnetic analysis, the Joule’s loss in the copper wires of the coil windings and the iron losses (the eddy currents loss and the hysteresis loss) are considered. The flow and heat transfer model for the thermal analysis of the motor including the conduction in solid parts and convection in the fluid part is introduced. The magnetic losses are imported into the thermal analysis model in the form of internal heat generation in motor components. Several cooling system approaches were introduced, such as natural convection cooling, natural convection cooling with various types of fins over the motor casing, forced conviction air-cooled cooling system using a mounted fan, casing surface with and without heat sinks, liquid-cooled cooling system using the water in a channel shell and a hybrid air-cooled and liquid-cooled cooling system.

Findings
The results of the electromagnetics analysis show that the low rotational speed of the motor induces higher currents in coil windings, which in turn, it causes higher copper losses in SRM coil windings. For higher rotational speed of SRM, the core loss is higher than the copper loss is in SRM due to the higher frequency. An air-cooled cooling system is used for cooling of SRM. The results reveal when the rotational speed is at 4,000 rpm, the coil loss would be at the maximum value. Therefore, the coil temperature is about 197.9°C, which is higher than the tolerated standard temperature insulation material. Hence, the air-cooled system cannot reduce the temperature to the safe temperature limitation of the motor and guarantee the safe operation of SRM. Thus, a hybrid system of both air-cooled and liquid-cooled cooling system with mounting fins at the outer surface of the casing is proposed. The hybrid system with the liquid flow of Re = 1,500 provides a cooling power capable of safe operation of the motor at 117.2°C, which is adequate for standard insulation material grade E.

Originality/value
The electromagnetic field and cooling system of a high power SRM in the presence of a mounted fan at the rear of the motor are analyzed. The thermal analysis is performed for both of the air-cooled and liquid-cooled cooling systems to meet the cooling demands of the motor for the first time.
Long horizon institutional investors and the relation between missing quarterly analyst forecasts and CEO turnover
Authors: Wang Juan 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of long horizon institutional ownership on CEO career concerns to meet the short-term earnings benchmark.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of 10,565 firm-year observations in the USA, the paper examines the extent to which long horizon institutional investors mitigate the positive relation between CEO turnover and missing the quarterly consensus analyst forecast.

Findings
After controlling for the general performance-turnover relation, this paper finds that long horizon institutional investors mitigate the positive relation between CEO turnover and missing the quarterly consensus analyst forecast. This finding is stronger when CEOs focus on long-term value creation and do not sacrifice long-term value to boost current earnings and is stronger when the monitoring intensity by long horizon institutional investors is greater.

Research limitations/implications
The results suggest that long horizon institutional investors serve a monitoring role in alleviating CEO career concerns to meet the short-term earnings benchmark.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature on the relation between long horizon institutional ownership and attenuated managerial short-termism. The literature is silent about why long horizon institutional investors alleviate managerial short-termism. This paper fills this void in the literature by documenting that long horizon institutional investors mitigate CEO career concerns for managerial short-termism. Moreover, this paper contributes to the literature on the monitoring role of institutional investors by documenting the incremental effect of institutional ownership on CEO career concerns to meet the short-term earnings benchmark.
How do female entrepreneurs in developing countries cope with role conflict?
Authors: Hundera Mulu , Duysters Geert , Naudé Wim , Dijkhuizen Josette 
Published: March 2019

PurposeFemale entrepreneurs often face significant conflicts in allocating time and resources to the various roles demanded of them by their communities. This has been identified as a potential obstacle to their performance as entrepreneurs. This paper aims to examine the question: How do women cope with role conflict?Design/methodology/approachThe authors tackled the question by conducting a survey that involved 307 female business owners in Ethiopia. The survey result was supported by 20 in-depth interviews.FindingsThe commonest coping strategies identified were negotiation, committing to the entrepreneurial role, committing to social roles, pleasing all, seeking social support and hiring outside support. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed that these coping strategies differed across the various stages of business growth. Meanwhile, structural equation modeling established that female business owners with high levels of personal resources (such as optimism, self-efficacy and resilience) committed more to their entrepreneurial roles than to their social roles.Originality/valueThis research contributes knowledge on coping strategies among female entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa, where family structure and orientation, the economy and social development differ from those in developed countries. The research also integrates the lines of empirical research on coping strategies with the process-based view of entrepreneurship.
A quasi-experimental method for testing rural design support within a DRM framework
Authors: Smits Michaël Willem Maria 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the quasi-experiment setting to test the formulated design support (developed in the author’s PhD research) within a design research methodology (DRM) framework. This support intends to help designers to consciously engage rural families within a development aid scenario and increase their self-reliance towards their built environment (housing).Design/methodology/approachThis paper elaborates on the setting in which the design support was tested within a quasi-experiment. The literature section describes the challenges in design research and why the DRM is suitable for this type of empirical research.FindingsFindings of the paper include a workable setting to organise and evaluate the impact of a design support within a DRM framework on a vulnerable rural community.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the research lies in the study population. Due to financial and time constraints, only four teams could participate in the experiment conducted in rural Kenya.Social implicationsFurther research will need to prove that the support works in comparable situations on the African continent.Originality/valueThe quasi-experiment setting within a DRM framework could benefit researchers in comparable empirical investigations.
Strategic Spending: Does Politics Influence Election Administration Expenditure?
Authors: Mohr Zachary , Pope JoEllen V. , Kropf Martha E. , Shepherd Mary Jo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecently, election administration has been an important part of the national and global conversation about the results of elections. The important issue of election administration spending has not been examined extensively, and the influence of politics on election administration spending levels has not been examined in the United States. While theories of voter turnout and policy preference suggest that politics should influence election administration spending levels in the counties that administer elections, to our knowledge, there has been no evidence produced to support a partisan election administration expenditure effect. This research finds that Republican county commissions in North Carolina spend significantly less on election administration once the county electorate is a sufficient Republican majority. The article presents a novel model and method for estimating election administration spending and calls for additional research to examine the outcomes of these significant differences in spending on election administration.
Effects of Dementia Care Mapping on well‐being and quality of life of older people with intellectual disability: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Schaap Feija D. , Dijkstra Geke J. , Stewart Roy E. , Finnema Evelyn J. , Reijneveld Sijmen A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ageing of people with intellectual disability, accompanied with consequences like dementia, challenges intellectual disability‐care staff and creates a need for supporting methods, with Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) as a promising possibility. This study examined the effect of DCM on the quality of life of older people with intellectual disability.MethodsWe performed a quasi‐experimental study in 23 group homes for older people with intellectual disability in the Netherlands, comparing DCM (n = 113) with care‐as‐usual (CAU; n = 111). Using three measures, we assessed the staff‐reported quality of life of older people with intellectual disability.ResultsDCM achieved no significantly better or worse quality of life than CAU. Effect sizes varied from 0.01 to −0.22. Adjustments for covariates and restriction of analyses to people with dementia yielded similar results.ConclusionThe finding that DCM does not increase quality of life of older people with intellectual disability contradicts previous findings and deserves further study.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Egyptian patients with cirrhosis: Post‐therapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators
Authors: Fouad Tamer R , Abdelsameea Eman , Abdel‐Razek Wael , Attia Ahmed , Mohamed Anwar , Metwally Khaled , Naguib Mary , Waked Imam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimUpper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a serious complication of portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients. The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors for morbidity and mortality occurring after an UGIB attack.MethodsA total of 1097 UGIB attacks in 690 patients with liver cirrhosis were studied. Their clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic data were reviewed.ResultsMean age 53.2 ± 10.6 (20–90) years, 78% men and the main cause of liver disease was hepatitis C (94.9%). Complications occurred after 467 attacks (42.6%): hepatic encephalopathy 31.4%, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 18%, renal impairment 13.2%, and re‐bleeding in 7.8%, while 199 patients (18.1%) died. Complications followed 78.4% of bleeding from gastric varices, 75% of post‐interventional ulcers, 10.8% of peptic ulcers, and 5.9% of telangiectasias. By univariate analysis: packed red blood cells units transfused, transaminases, Child–Pugh (CP), model of end‐stage liver disease (MELD), and albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) scores, beside the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), previous hemorrhage in the previous 6 months, and the source of bleeding, were associated with occurrence of complications. By multivariate analysis, independent predictors of complications were CP, MELD, and ALBI scores (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 5.63, 3.55–8.93; 1.15, 1.11–1.19; and 2.11, 1.4–3.19, respectively) beside the presence of HCC (4.89, 2.48–9.64). Mortality predictors were packed red blood cells units transfused (1.11, 1.01–1.24), CP (5.1, 1.42–18.25) MELD (1.27, 1.21–1.32) scores, and presence of HCC (6.62, 2.93–14.95).ConclusionHigh CP, MELD, and ALBI scores beside the presence of HCC could predict poor outcome of UGIB. In the absence of these risk factors, early discharge could be considered if the source of bleeding is peptic ulcer or telangiectasia.
Post‐Critical Belief Scale and Scripture as Predictors of Prejudice
Authors: Grove Richard C. , Hall Deborah L. , Rubenstein Ayla , Terrell Heather K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecent research has linked the strength of belief (transcendence) dimension of the Post‐Critical Belief Scale (PCBS) and exposure to violent Bible verses to greater prejudice toward value‐violating outgroups. Effects of exposure to specific Bible verses on attitudes toward outgroup members have not been measured in combination with the PCBS. The current study examined the two dimensions of the PCBS and exposure to scriptural endorsements of prejudice as predictors of prejudice toward value‐violating outgroups. The strength of belief dimension of the PCBS was a significant predictor of attitudes toward atheists, gay men, lesbians, Christians, and highly religious people. Conversely, exposure to scriptural endorsements of prejudice toward atheists and gay individuals did not have a significant effect on levels of prejudice. Implications are discussed in terms of intergroup bias and the religious values conflict model.
A case of Parkinson's disease following autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy
Authors: Mitsutake Akihiko , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Hatano Keiko , Higuchi Osamu , Nakane Shunya , Hashida Hideji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe patient is an 80‐year‐old man. At the age of 76, he presented with acute onset of severe orthostatic hypotension and diarrhea. Anti‐ganglionic acetylcholine receptor (anti‐gAChR) antibodies were positive, and prednisolone was effective. He was diagnosed with autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) based on acute onset autonomic dysfunction, positive anti‐gAChR antibodies, and efficacy of prednisolone. After the event of AAG, he gradually developed Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkinsonism is described as a complication of AAG in the previous literature. Anti‐gAChR antibodies might inhibit dopamine neurotransmission and be associated with the development of PD.
Familial colorectal cancer risk in half siblings and siblings: nationwide cohort study
Authors: Tian Yu , Kharazmi Elham , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Brenner Hermann , Fallah Mahdi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the risk of colorectal cancer in family members of patients with colorectal cancer, with an emphasis on subtypes of second degree relatives, especially half siblings, which were lacking in the literature.DesignAmbidirectional cohort study.SettingNationwide Swedish Family Cancer Data (record linkage).ParticipantsAll people residing in Sweden and born after 1931, with their biological parents, totalling >16 million individuals (follow-up: 1958-2015); of those with clear genealogy, 173 796 developed colorectal cancer.Main outcome measuresLifetime (0-79 years) cumulative risk and standardised incidence ratio of colorectal cancer among first degree relatives and second degree relatives.ResultsThe overall lifetime cumulative risk of colorectal cancer in siblings of patients was 7%, which represents a 1.7-fold (95% confidence interval 1.6 to 1.7; n=2089) increase over the risk in those without any family history of colorectal cancer. A similarly increased lifetime cumulative risk (6%) was found among half siblings (standardised incidence ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 1.8; n=140). The risk in people with colorectal cancer in both a parent and a half sibling (standardised incidence ratio 3.6, 2.4 to 5.0; n=32) was close to the risk in those with both an affected parent and an affected sibling (2.7, 2.4 to 3.0; n=396). Family history of colorectal cancer in only one second degree relative other than a half sibling (without any affected first degree relatives), such as a grandparent, uncle, or aunt, showed minor association with the risk of colorectal cancer.ConclusionFamily history of colorectal cancer in half siblings is similarly associated with colorectal cancer risk to that in siblings. The increase in risk of colorectal cancer among people with one affected second degree relative was negligible, except for half siblings, but the risk was substantially increased for a combination of family history in one affected second degree relative and an affected first degree relative (or even another second degree relative). These evidence based findings provide novel information to help to identify people at high risk with a family history of colorectal cancer that can potentially be used for risk adapted screening.