bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombose als ein Vorgang in »strömendem Blut«: Wechselwirkung fluiddynamischer, rheologischer und enzymologischer Ereignisse beim Ablauf von Thrombozytenaggregation und Fibrinpolymerisation
Authors: Schmid-Schönbein H. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungEiner der am meisten verbreiteten Irrtümer in der Hämostaseologie ist die Vorstellung, daß das Blut zuerst stillstehen müsse, um dann gerinnen zu können. Ausgehend von der seit genau einem Jahrhundert (nämlich seit Eberth und Schimmelbusch, 1888 [20]) experimentell gesicherten Tatsache, daß Blut zwar im Stillstand gerinnen kann, sich aber Thromben in vivo ausschließlich bei erhaltener, wenngleich gestörter Strömung bilden können, wird eine umfassende Theorie der Wechselwirkung zwischen Strömung und dem Ablauf thrombotischer Prozesse entwickelt. Die Theorie basiert auf einer detaillierten Analyse der biophysikalischen Grundlagen der physiologischen »Fließfähigkeit« des Blutes, der rheologischen Analyse all der Vorgänge, die die Fließfähigkeit einschränken, sowie der Interpretation der kinematischen, dynamischen und hämorrheologischen Wirkungen, die vom Vorgang der »Scherdeformation« des Blutes ausgehen können. Erst die klare Trennung unterschiedlicher »Strömungseffekte« läßt dann verstehen, wie verschiedene, im Körper vorkommende Strömungsanomalien wirken, die sich allesamt an »nichtzylindrischen« Gefäßabschnitten in Form von »Sekundärströmungen« manifestieren und bei denen es sich um laminare Wirbel handelt. Kennt man die Voraussetzungen für die Bildung geschlossener laminarer Wirbel, lassen sich die biochemischen Folgen (die sich aus ihrer Funktion als »Strömungsreaktoren« für enzymati-sche und zytologische Reaktionen erklären) leicht vorhersagen. Somit läßt sich eine einheitliche Theorie für alle »natürlichen« hämostatischen Reaktionen ebenso wie für die »pathologischen« Formen der Thrombose in vivo und in künstlichen Organen entwik-keln. Sie greift die Grundgedanken auf, die Virchow (94) bei der Postulierung der Kooperativität zwischen »Wandschäden«, »Hyperkoagulabilität« und »gestörter Strömung« bei thrombotischen Vorgängen formuliert hat, erweitert sie jedoch im Lichte zeitgenössischer enzymologischer, zy-tologischer und fluiddynamischer Einsichten zu einer Theorie über streng lokalisierbare hämostaseologische Wechselwirkungen. Diese Vorgänge sind biologisch auf kurzfristige, unspezifische »Reparaturaufgaben« für Gefäßdefekte programmiert, können jedoch bei langfristiger, repetitiver Aktivität zu (atherogenen) Gefäßläsionen Anlaß geben.
Endoscope Image Capture System with Mirrorless Camera
Authors: Wei Li , Burke John , Benet Arnau , Aghi Manish , Gurrola Jose , El-Sayed Ivan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractModern endoscopic surgery relies on capturing high fidelity images for a multitude of purposes. One method of capturing images involves incorporating infrared and 4 k resolution video in the image capture system. However, the price of such whole image capture systems remains expensive and potentially cost prohibitive for some practitioners. A major need exists for less expensive alternatives. Herein, we introduce a method of using a mirrorless camera for the purposes of an endoscope capture device. This system comprises components that are all readily commercially available. Sample pictures taken by this system are provided and the potential function of mirrorless camera is explored. This image capture system provides reasonable quality images, should be more reasonably affordable and easily implementable in variety of practices, and will help decrease the barriers to producing research in the area of endoscopic surgery.
Otologic Findings Based on no Complaints in a Pediatric Examination
Authors: Demir Emine , Topal Sevgi , Atsal Gorkem , Erdil Mehmet , Coskun Zerrin , Dursun Engin 
Published: July 2018

Introduction the otological evaluation is highly significant in those branches of medicine in which the general evaluation of the patient is conducted by general practitioners and pediatricians.
Objectives To investigate the otologic findings and their incidences in the sample, which consisted of patients who presented to the pediatric outpatient clinic with non-otologic complaints.
Methods Patients, aged between 2 and 16 years, who had neither otorhinolaryngological complaints nor history of surgery by the otolaryngology (ear, nose and throat, ENT) department were included in the present study. The findings detected in the external auditory system and in the tympanic membranes as well as the otorhinolaryngologists' otologic examination findings of the referred patients were recorded from the files of each patient along with the applied medical and surgical treatments, and diagnostic investigations.
Results Of a total of 973 patients evaluated, 129 (13.2%) were referred to the ENT outpatient clinic due to any otologic pathology. In the otorhinolaryngological examinations, false positivity was detected in 12 (1.2%) patients, and pathological findings were detected in 117 (12%) patients who received the following diagnoses: 68 (6.9%) had otitis media with effusion(OME); 37 (3.8%) had cerumen impactions; 8 (0.8%) had acute otitis media (AOM); 2 (0.2%) had ticks in the external auditory canal; 2 (0.2%) had a retraction pocket in tympanic membrane; 1 (0.1%) had unilateral central dry perforation of the tympanic membrane; and 1(0.1%) had congenital cholesteatoma.
Conclusion Any complications and sequelae that may develop due to any pathologies and predominantly infections can be prevented by an early diagnosis, which can be made by means of a simple examination, performed merely with an otoscope. Pediatricians and general practitioners should be in close contact with otorhinolaryngologists regarding the pathologies they identify.
Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency Type C: A Rare Cause of Acute Transient Flaccid Paralysis with Ketoacidosis
Authors: Sinclair Graham , Stockler-Ipsiroglu Sylvia , Horvath Gabriella , Almomen Momen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPyruvate carboxylase (PC) is a biotin-containing enzyme that is responsible for the adenosine triphosphate-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. PC deficiency (OMIM 266150) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disease, causing elevation of pyruvate, lactate, and alanine. Three types of PC deficiency have been described in the literature; A, B, and C. Type A PC deficiency, also called infantile or North American type, is characterized by infantile onset acidosis, failure to thrive, and developmental delay. The second subtype or type B, the neonatal or French form, presents usually in the neonatal period, mostly in the first 72 hours of life with severe lactic acidosis, truncal hypotonia, and seizures. The third type is called type C, is extremely rare with few cases published in the literature. In this case report, we present an 11-month-old girl who presented with acute flaccid paralysis, lethargy, and constipation with elevated ketones and lactate. She was confirmed genetically and biochemically to have PC deficiency type C. The patient's unusual presentation expands the clinical phenotype of this extremely rare disease.
‘Secularism’ as understood and interpreted by Hindu
nationalists
Authors: Iwanek Krzysztof 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article focuses on how Hindu nationalists interpret the term ‘secularism’ in
Hindi. I will refer to two Hindi translations of ‘secularism’:
dharmnirpekṣtā and panthnirpekṣtā. The
first one means indifference towards religion and the second indifference
towards communities. My main point is that the Hindu nationalists’ strategy of
referring to old, Sanskrit meanings of dharm (which means ‘law’
and ‘order’ aside ‘religion’ and other concepts) make it possible for them to criticise dharmnirpekṣtā and choose
panthnirpekṣtā instead. Their position is that the state
can only be indifferent to communities and not to dharm, as the
latter would also mean being indifferent to ‘law’ and ‘order’. Such an approach
helps the Hindu nationalists to claim to be in agreement with the idea of
secular Indian state on one hand and promote their religion-linked ideology on
the other.
Optimal regularization for a class of linear inverse problem
Authors: Valentine Andrew P , Sambridge Malcolm 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARYMost linear inverse problems require regularization to ensure that robust and meaningful solutions can be found. Typically, Tikhonov-style regularization is used, whereby a preference is expressed for models that are somehow ‘small’ and/or ‘smooth’. The strength of such preferences is expressed through one or more damping parameters, which control the character of the solution, and which must be set by the user. However, identifying appropriate values is often regarded as a matter of art, guided by various heuristics. As a result, such choices have often been the source of controversy and concern. By treating these as hyperparameters within a hierarchical Bayesian framework, we are able to obtain solutions that encompass the range of permissible regularization parameters. Furthermore, we show that these solutions are often well-approximated by those obtained via standard analysis using certain regularization choices which are—in a certain sense—optimal. We obtain algorithms for determining these optimal values in various cases of common interest, and show that they generate solutions with a number of attractive properties. A reference implementation of these algorithms, written in Python, accompanies this paper.
Meta-Analysis: The Influence of Preoperative Infliximab Use on Postoperative Complications of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Xu YanYan , Yang LiSheng , An Ping , Zhou Bing , Liu Gang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Infliximab (IFX) is a breakthrough treatment for refractory Crohn’s disease (CD) whose effect on postoperative complications of CD remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis examining the effect of IFX on postoperative complications of CD.

Methods
We searched “PubMed,” “EMBASE,” and “Cochrane Library” databases from inception of each database until March 2018. All eligible articles were screened according to the inclusion criteria. The cumulative overall, major, minor, infectious, noninfectious, surgical, and medical complications, as well as reoperation, readmission, and mortality of CD patients who received IFX and underwent ileocolonic resection were extracted and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. The random effects model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
A total of 18 nonrandomized controlled trial studies, with 1407 patients who received IFX and 4589 patients who did not were identified. The incidence of complications was 9.38%–60.56% in the IFX group and 12.73%–53.85% in the control group. Overall, major, minor, infectious, noninfectious, surgical, and medical complications could be assessed in 16, 12, 11, 14, 12, 12, and 11 studies, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups for any complication (P &gt; 0.05, all comparisons). Reoperation (P = 0.70), readmission (P = 0.22) and mortality (P = 0.86) showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. Subgroup analysis showed that complications were not significantly different among the countries represented in the studies.

Conclusions
Based on this analysis, there does not appear to be an association between preoperative IFX treatment and postoperative complications of CD; IFX appears relatively safe for preoperative use in the treatment of CD.
Meigs to Modern Times: The Evolution of Debulking Surgery in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Schorge John O. , Bregar Amy J. , Durfee John , Berkowitz Ross S. 
Published: July 2018

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2018;149:447–454)
This historical perspective provides context for the development cytoreductive surgery, and its current role in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. It discusses the visionary approach of Joe V.
Early Versus 6–12 Week Postpartum Glucose Tolerance Testing for Women With Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Carter E. B. , Martin S. , Temming L. A. , Colditz G. A. , Macones G. A. , Tuuli M. G. 
Published: July 2018

(Abstracted from J Perinatol 2018;38:118–121)
Women with pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes screening for women with GDM is recommended 6 to 12 weeks following delivery, although this is an arbitrary time point developed to coincide with the routine postpartum visit.
Using a Multifaceted Quality Improvement Initiative to Reverse the Rising Trend of Cesarean Births
Authors: Ogunyemi Dotun , McGlynn Sara , Ronk Anne , Knudsen Patricia , Andrews-Johnson Tonyie , Raczkiewicz Angeline , Jovanovski Andrew , Kaur Sangeeta , Dykowski Mark , Redman Mark , Bahado-Singh Ray 
Published: July 2018

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018;31:567–579)
One in 3 births in the United States is a cesarean delivery, which is associated with both increased morbidity and higher health care costs than vaginal delivery. In the United States, the primary cesarean delivery rate is approximately 17%, whereas the nulliparous term singleton vertex (NTSV) rate is 26%.
Physical Therapist Student Outcomes of Interprofessional Education in Professional (Entry-Level) Physical Therapist Education Programs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arth Katherine S. , Shumaker Emily A. , Bergman Alissa C. , Nolan Amanda M. , Ritzline Pamela D. , Paz Jamie C. 
Published: July 2018

Background and Purpose.
Traditionally, the physical therapy profession has been involved with interprofessional education (IPE) and collaborative practice. However, IPE was not a requirement for professional (entry-level [EL]) physical therapist (PT) curriculum until recently when the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) incorporated IPE into the Standards and Elements for professional (EL) physical therapist education programs. Therefore, this systematic review is aimed at synthesizing the available evidence regarding physical therapist student outcomes associated with various IPE instructional methods embedded in professional (EL) physical therapist education programs globally. The evidence gathered may help guide educators when developing and implementing IPE curricula into professional (EL) physical therapist programs.

Methods.
This systematic review of the literature was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for searching and reporting processes. Individual searches were developed for PubMed, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health, and CINAHL. The EBSCOhost databases, ERIC, Education Full Text, and Education Research Complete, were searched simultaneously using a similar comprehensive search strategy that included search terms related to 1) education, 2) interprofessional, and 3) physical therapy.

Results.
Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes were measured by 6 different outcome measures (OMs) and achieved by a variety of teaching and learning methods. Multiple studies demonstrated an improvement in attitudes toward perception of and perceived need for collaboration among health care professionals of PTs, as well as improved competency, and autonomy after participation in IPE. Physical therapists valued shared leadership and participation, as well as displaying a readiness to learn with other disciplines. Some studies reported negative outcomes related to the ability of shared learning to increase understanding of clinical problems and improve interprofessional communication and teamwork.

Conclusion.
Both positive and unintended negative outcomes may result from IPE. The OMs reported in this review measure components of teamwork, roles and responsibilities, communication, learning/reflection, patient focus, and ethics/attitudes. Using more than 1 OM seems to measure the outcomes of IPE more effectively. In summary, current evidence suggests an overall positive impact of IPE on PTs' competency and autonomy, teamwork, collaboration, communication, and readiness to learn achieved by a variety of instructional methods.
Model for end-stage liver disease score and hemodynamic instability as a predictor of poor outcome in early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt treatment for acute variceal hemorrhage
Authors: Hermie Laurens , Dhondt Elisabeth , Vanlangenhove Peter , Hoste Eric , Geerts Anja , Defreyne Luc 
Published: July 2018

Objective
To evaluate the outcome of early transjugular portosystemic shunt (TIPS) treatment in patients with a trial-compatible high-risk variceal bleeding and secondly to disclose other predictors of early mortality.

Materials and methods
A cohort study was conducted on patients referred for a TIPS procedure with or without combined variceal embolization to control acute esophageal variceal bleeding. A total of 32 patients with Child–Pugh C score less than 14 or Child–Pugh B plus active bleeding at endoscopy, admitted for early-TIPS treatment (<72 h), were included.

Results
We noted one (3.7%) failure to control bleeding and no rebleeding during 1-year follow-up. Ten (31.3%) patients died within 6 weeks after TIPS placement. Early mortality was associated with model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score (P=0.025), MELD score of at least 19 (P=0.008) and hemodynamic instability at time of admission (P=0.001). If hemodynamic instability is associated with a high MELD score, the 6-week mortality peaks at 77.8% (P=0.000).

Conclusion
This study confirms the excellent survival results of early-TIPS treatment for acute variceal bleeding in a selected patient group with a low MELD score. Poor survival in hemodynamically unstable patients with high MELD scores (≥19) contests the guidelines that patients with Child–Pugh class C cirrhosis or Child–Pugh class B with active bleeding on endoscopy should deliberately receive preemptive TIPS treatment after endoscopic haemostasis.
Risk of mortality and level of serum alanine aminotransferase among community-dwelling elderly in Israel
Authors: Schmilovitz-Weiss Hemda , Gingold-Belfer Rachel , Boltin Doron , Beloosesky Yichayaou , Meyerovitch Joseph , Tor Ruth , Issa Nidal , Grossman Alon , Koren-Morag Nira , Weiss Avraham 
Published: July 2018

Background
Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels below and above the reference range have been found to serve as a marker of liver injury and to predict all-cause mortality. The need to adjust the reference range by age, sex, or other parameters remains unclear. The current reference range of serum ALT in Israel is 0–34 IU/l for women and 0–45 IU/l for men. We aimed to test the applicability of the current reference range values of ALT in specific people – the elderly population.

Methods
A retrospective design was used. The study population consisted of community-dwelling individuals aged at least 65 years who were tested for serum ALT in 2002 at a large health management organization and followed until the end of December 2012. Data were collected on demographics, laboratory tests, comorbidities, and mortality.

Results
A total of 49 634 participants (59% women, mean age 83.2±6.3 years) were included. ALT levels between 16 and 25 IU/l were associated with the lowest mortality (hazard ratio=1), and values of less than 16 IU/l and more than 25 IU/l (unadjusted) were associated with higher mortality risk, yielding a U-shaped pattern.
Highest mortality rates were also revealed at serum ALT levels more than 56 IU/l and less than 10 IU/l. A significant association of higher mortality risk was noted with lower mean values of hemoglobin, albumin, and total cholesterol, both for patients with lower serum ALT levels (<10 IU/l) and patients with higher serum levels (>56 IU/l).

Conclusion
Very low and very high levels of serum ALT within the current reference range are associated with an increased risk of death in community-dwelling individuals of at least 65 years old.
Feasibility of continuous noninvasive arterial pressure monitoring in a prehospital setting, measurements during emergency transfer
Authors: Hansen Louise H. , Ettrup-Christensen Asbjørn , Bülow Karsten 
Published: July 2018

Objectives
In severely injured or acutely ill patients close monitoring of blood pressure (BP) can be crucial. At the prehospital scene and during transfer to hospital, the BP is usually monitored using intermittent oscillometric measurements with an upper arm cuff every 3–5 min. The BP can be monitored noninvasively and continuously using the continuous noninvasive arterial pressure (CNAP) device. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of a CNAP device in a prehospital setting.

Patients and methods
The study was an observational convenience study. The CNAP device was applied to the patient once in the ambulance and measurements were carried out during transfer to hospital. The primary object was the number of patients in whom the CNAP device could monitor the BP continuously in a prehospital area en route to hospital.

Results
Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in this study. Fifty-four (92%) patients had their BP monitored continuously by the CNAP device. The main reasons for missing data were a mean BP below the detectable range, reduced pulse wave caused by constricted arteries in the fingers, or patients’ excessive movements. The CNAP device provided continuous measurements after a median of 164.5 s. No complications and no adverse events were observed.

Conclusion
Continuous measurement of the BP obtained by the CNAP device is feasible and safe in a prehospital setting under potentially difficult conditions.
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Evaluation Combined With 24-Chromosome Microarray of Miscarriage Tissue Provides a Probable or Definite Cause of Pregnancy Loss in Over 90% of Patients
Authors: Popescu F. , Jaslow C. R. , Kutteh W. H. 
Published: July 2018

(Abstracted from Human Reprod 2018;33:579–587)
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs in up to 4% of reproductive age couples. The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) issued a guideline on the evaluation of RPL in 2012.