bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐objectification in the context of breastfeeding: A concept analysis
Authors: Toledo Christine , Cianelli Rosina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo increase the overall rate of breastfeeding initiation and duration, factors involved in a mother's decision to breastfeed must be identified. Self‐objectification in the context of breastfeeding was a concept selected for exploring factors associated with negative views of breastfeeding. A concept analysis following the eight‐step Walker & Avant method provides clarity and context to the concept of self‐objectification in the context of breastfeeding. The antecedents of self‐objectification in the context of breastfeeding include living in a culture of sexualization and objectification of women and the internalization of the values of objectification. Attributes of self‐objectification in the context of breastfeeding are a prioritization of physical appearance attributes of the breast over the health benefits of breastfeeding and a preoccupation with physical appearance. Consequences include negative views toward breastfeeding initiation, duration, and public breastfeeding. A concept analysis on self‐objectification in the context of breastfeeding will provide definition and clarity to this phenomenon, lend to theory and measurement, and add literature to the sociocultural factors impacting breastfeeding decisions.
Coastal boulder deposit as evidence of an ocean‐wide prehistoric tsunami originated on the Atacama Desert coast (northern Chile)
Authors: Abad Manuel , Izquierdo Tatiana , Cáceres Miguel , Bernárdez Enrique , Rodriguez‐Vidal Joaquín 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA Late Holocene cliff‐top deposit of large boulders well above the limits of modern storm waves is described from the southern coast of the Atacama Desert (northern Chile). The largest moved boulder weighs >40 t and field data point to a flood height >18·5 m above high tide level and an inland penetration greater than 284 m from the cliff edge. The minimum flow velocity needed for particle entrainment was estimated as 10·1 ms−1 and the most likely processes of sediment deposition for different boulders were deduced. The boulder distribution, sorting and orientation of imbricated debris, together with the significant wave height of extreme storms reported and the occurrence of interplate earthquakes in the study area indicate that the deposit records a single event, interpreted here as a tsunami wave train rather than exceptional storm waves. The boulder field was dated to between the 13th and the 16th Centuries ce and possibly correlates with the 1420 Oei orphan tsunami, that affected the eastern coast of Japan. A magnitude of 8·8 to 9·4 has been estimated for the earthquake, which may be one of the larger events of a super‐cycle of earthquakes in the southern Atacama Desert. These cycle‐ending earthquakes involve large rupture areas (lengths in excess of 600 km) and highly destructive ocean‐wide tsunamigenic events.
Anti‐psoriatic effect of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells on imiquimod‐induced skin inflammation in mice
Authors: Kim Chang‐Hyun , Yoo Jung Ki , Jeon Seong Ho , Lim Chi‐Yeon , Lee Ju‐Hee , Koo Deog‐Bon , Park Mi‐Young 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in controlling the immune response against cancer and in suppression of autoimmunity and allergic inflammation. However, the beneficial effects of MDSCs on the experimental mouse model of psoriasis have not been reported. Therefore, we investigated the anti‐psoriatic effect of MDSCs on IMQ‐induced skin inflammation in mice and explored the mechanisms involved. Our results showed that administration of MDSCs (1 × 106 or 2 × 106 cells) suppressed the development of IMQ‐induced skin inflammation in mice as exemplified by a significant reduction in clinical severity scores and was associated with a reduction of histopathological changes, including inflammatory infiltration, epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. The immunosuppressive effect of MDSCs (1 × 106 or 2 × 106 cells) corresponded to the production of Th1 cytokines (TNF‐α, IFN‐γ) and Th17 cytokines (IL‐17A and IL‐23) in the serum and dorsal skin. Administration of MDSCs (1 × 106 or 2 × 106 cells) also inhibited splenomegaly. Moreover, an increased percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and decreased percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells were found in mice treated with MDSCs. Taken together, these results imply that MDSCs have immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effects on disease progression in a murine model of psoriasis and that MDSCs could be used in preventive or therapeutic strategies for the management of autoimmune inflammatory skin disorders, such as psoriasis.
Changes in compliance with school‐based physical activity recommendations in Spanish youth: The UP&DOWN longitudinal study
Authors: Grao‐Cruces Alberto , Sánchez‐Oliva David , Segura‐Jiménez Víctor , Cabanas‐Sánchez Verónica , Martínez‐Gómez David , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Fernando , Moreno Luis A. , Castro‐Piñero José 
Published: December 2018

The study aimed (a) to examine changes in physical activity (PA) during the whole day, school hours, recess, and physical education classes (PEC) during a 2‐year period in primary and secondary students; (b) to identify changes in the proportion of compliance with specific PA recommendations for these periods; and (c) to examine whether PA levels at baseline are associated with PA levels 2 years later. Eight hundred and fourteen (51.8% boys) children and 658 (50.1% boys) adolescents from 41 Spanish schools participated in the study. Hip‐worn accelerometers were used to assess PA during different time periods. Light PA (LPA) declined during the whole day, school hours, recess (all P < 0.001, except child girls for recess), and PEC (all, P < 0.05) in children and adolescents. Moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) during the whole day and recess declined in child boys (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) and adolescent boys (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). MVPA during PEC declined in adolescent boys (P < 0.001) and adolescent girls (all P < 0.05). The proportion of compliance with the specific PA recommendations for these periods declined (P < 0.05), except for PEC in adolescent girls. PA during the whole day at baseline was moderately associated with PA during the whole day years later (ICCs = 0.210‐0.544, with one exception), but this association was lower for the school‐based PA. In conclusion, time spent in MVPA and LPA during the whole day and recess declined over time in child and adolescent boys and during PEC in adolescents. These findings highlight the need to promote PA interventions in these settings.
Hepatitis E virus blood donor NAT screening: as much as possible or as much as needed?
Authors: Vollmer T. , Diekmann J. , Knabbe C. , Dreier J. 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDThe cost‐benefit question of general screening of blood products for the hepatitis E virus (HEV) is currently being discussed. One central question is the need for individual nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAT) screening (ID‐NAT) versus minipool NAT screening (MP‐NAT) approaches to identify all relevant viremias in blood donors. Here, the findings of ID‐NAT versus MP‐NAT in pools of 96 samples were compared.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSFrom November 2017 to January 2018, a total of 10,141 allogenic blood donations from 7650 individual German blood donors were screened for the presence of HEV RNA using MP‐NAT (96 samples) (RealStar HEV RT‐PCR Kit) compared to ID‐NAT (cobas HEV assay) on the fully automated cobas 6800 platform.RESULTSParallel screening of MP (n = 122, 96 samples/MP) using both methods detected seven reactive pools. After pool resolution, 8 HEV RNA–positive donations were identified by the in‐house detection method, whereas 17 HEV RNA–positive donations were identified by ID‐NAT with the cobas HEV assay. This resulted in an incidence of 1:1268 donations (0.079%) for MP‐NAT screening and 1:597 donations (0.168%) for ID‐NAT screening.CONCLUSIONSThe detection frequency of HEV RNA was approximately 50% higher if ID‐NAT was used compared to MP‐NAT. However, viral loads of ID‐NAT–only samples were below 25 IU/mL and will often not result in transfusion‐transmitted HEV (TT‐HEV) infection, taking into account the currently known infectious dose of 5.0E + 04 IU inevitably resulting in TT‐HEV infection. The clinical relevance and need for identification of these low‐level HEV‐positive donors still require further investigation.
Christmas, national holidays, sport events, and time factors as triggers of acute myocardial infarction: SWEDEHEART observational study 1998-2013
Authors: Mohammad Moman A , Karlsson Sofia , Haddad Jonathan , Cederberg Björn , Jernberg Tomas , Lindahl Bertil , Fröbert Ole , Koul Sasha , Erlinge David 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To study circadian rhythm aspects, national holidays, and major sports events as triggers of myocardial infarction.

Design
Retrospective observational study using the nationwide coronary care unit registry, SWEDEHEART.

Setting
Sweden.

Participants
283 014 cases of myocardial infarction reported to SWEDEHEART between 1998 and 2013. Symptom onset date was documented for all cases, and time to the nearest minute for 88%.

Interventions
Myocardial infarctions with symptom onset on Christmas/New Year, Easter, and Midsummer holiday were identified. Similarly, myocardial infarctions that occurred during a FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship, and winter and summer Olympic Games were identified. The two weeks before and after a holiday were set as a control period, and for sports events the control period was set to the same time one year before and after the tournament. Circadian and circaseptan analyses were performed with Sunday and 24:00 as the reference day and hour with which all other days and hours were compared. Incidence rate ratios were calculated using a count regression model.

Main outcome measures
Daily count of myocardial infarction.

Results
Christmas and Midsummer holidays were associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction (incidence rate ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.19, P<0.001, and 1.12, 1.07 to 1.18, P<0.001, respectively). The highest associated risk was observed for Christmas Eve (1.37, 1.29 to 1.46, P<0.001). No increased risk was observed during Easter holiday or sports events. A circaseptan and circadian variation in the risk of myocardial infarction was observed, with higher risk during early mornings and on Mondays. Results were more pronounced in patients aged over 75 and those with diabetes and a history of coronary artery disease.

Conclusions
In this nationwide real world study covering 16 years of hospital admissions for myocardial infarction with symptom onset documented to the nearest minute, Christmas, and Midsummer holidays were associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction, particularly in older and sicker patients, suggesting a role of external triggers in vulnerable individuals.
Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma when jumping from aircraft: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yeh Robert W , Valsdottir Linda R , Yeh Michael W , Shen Changyu , Kramer Daniel B , Strom Jordan B , Secemsky Eric A , Healy Joanne L , Domeier Robert M , Kazi Dhruv S , Nallamothu Brahmajee K 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
To determine if using a parachute prevents death or major traumatic injury when jumping from an aircraft.

Design
Randomized controlled trial.

Setting
Private or commercial aircraft between September 2017 and August 2018.

Participants
92 aircraft passengers aged 18 and over were screened for participation. 23 agreed to be enrolled and were randomized.

Intervention
Jumping from an aircraft (airplane or helicopter) with a parachute versus an empty backpack (unblinded).

Main outcome measures
Composite of death or major traumatic injury (defined by an Injury Severity Score over 15) upon impact with the ground measured immediately after landing.

Results

Parachute use did not significantly reduce death or major injury (0% for parachute
v
0% for control; P>0.9). This finding was consistent across multiple subgroups. Compared with individuals screened but not enrolled, participants included in the study were on aircraft at significantly lower altitude (mean of 0.6 m for participants
v
mean of 9146 m for non-participants; P<0.001) and lower velocity (mean of 0 km/h
v
mean of 800 km/h; P<0.001).

Conclusions
Parachute use did not reduce death or major traumatic injury when jumping from aircraft in the first randomized evaluation of this intervention. However, the trial was only able to enroll participants on small stationary aircraft on the ground, suggesting cautious extrapolation to high altitude jumps. When beliefs regarding the effectiveness of an intervention exist in the community, randomized trials might selectively enroll individuals with a lower perceived likelihood of benefit, thus diminishing the applicability of the results to clinical practice.
AAC Warman Canada Western Red Spring wheat
Authors: Kumar S. , Fox S.L. , Mitchell Fetch J. , Green D. , Fetch T. , McCallum B. , Aboukhaddour R. , Henriquez M.-A. 
Published: December 2018

AAC Warman (BW1025) is a high-yielding Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat adapted to production in western Canada. AAC Warman was 3% higher yielding than Unity, the highest yielding check in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative registration trials (2014–2016). Within the same test, AAC Warman was 11% higher yielding than Carberry, a popular CWRS wheat variety across the Canadian prairies. AAC Warman matured 3 d earlier than Carberry and a day later than Unity, the earliest maturing check. AAC Warman was shorter than Unity and had better stem strength compared with Unity; however, the lodging score for AAC Warman was higher than the mean of the checks. Over 3 yr of testing (2014–2016), the test weight and thousand-kernel weight of AAC Warman was similar to Carberry. The grain protein content of AAC Warman was 0.3% lower than both Unity and Carberry. AAC Warman was rated moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) and loose smut [Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.], resistant to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Erikss.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & E. Henn), moderately susceptible to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.) and common bunt [Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.], and intermediately resistant to leaf spot complex. AAC Warman was resistant to orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). Based on its milling and baking performance over 3 yr (2014–2016), as evaluated by the Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, AAC Warman was registered under the CWRS market class.
MMP-9-induced increase in intestinal epithelial tight permeability is mediated by p38 kinase signaling pathway activation of MLCK gene
Authors: Al-Sadi Rana , Youssef Moustafa , Rawat Manmeet , Guo Shuhong , Dokladny Karol , Haque Mohammad , Watterson Martin D. , Ma Thomas Y. 
Published: December 2018

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been implicated as being an important pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MMP-9 is markedly elevated in intestinal tissue of patients with IBD, and IBD patients have a defective intestinal tight-junction (TJ) barrier manifested by an increase in intestinal permeability. The loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function is an important contributing factor in the development and prolongation of intestinal inflammation; however, the role of MMP-9 in intestinal barrier function remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of MMP-9 on the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier and to delineate the intracellular mechanisms involved by using in vitro (filter-grown Caco-2 monolayers) and in vivo (mouse small intestine recycling perfusion) systems. MMP-9 caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in Caco-2 TJ permeability. MMP-9 also caused an increase in myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) gene activity, protein expression, and enzymatic activity. The pharmacological MLCK inhibition and siRNA-induced knockdown of MLCK inhibited the MMP-9-induced increase in Caco-2 TJ permeability. MMP-9 caused a rapid activation of the p38 kinase signaling pathway and inhibition of p38 kinase activity prevented the MMP-9-induced increase in MLCK gene activity and the increase in Caco-2 TJ permeability. MMP-9 also caused an increase in mouse intestinal permeability in vivo, which was accompanied by an increase in MLCK expression. The MMP-9-induced increase in mouse intestinal permeability was inhibited in MLCK-deficient mice. These data show for the first time that the MMP-9-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability in vitro and in vivo was mediated by the p38 kinase signal transduction pathway upregulation of MLCK gene activity and that therapeutic targeting of these pathways can prevent the MMP-9-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY MMP-9 is highly elevated in patients with IBD. IBD patients have compromised intestinal TJ barrier function manifested by an increase in intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation. This study shows that MMP-9, at clinically achievable concentrations, causes an increase in intestinal TJ permeability in vitro and in vivo. In addition, a MMP-9-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability was mediated by an increase in MLCK gene and protein expression via the p38 kinase pathway.
Delayed myonuclear addition, myofiber hypertrophy, and increases in strength with high-frequency low-load blood flow restricted training to volitional failure
Authors: Bjørnsen Thomas , Wernbom Mathias , Løvstad Amund , Paulsen Gøran , D’Souza Randall F. , Cameron-Smith David , Flesche Alexander , Hisdal Jonny , Berntsen Sveinung , Raastad Truls 
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the present study was to investigate muscle hypertrophy, strength, and myonuclear and satellite cell (SC) responses to high-frequency blood flow-restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE). Thirteen individuals [24 ± 2 yr (mean ± SD), 9 men] completed two 5-day blocks of 7 BFRRE sessions, separated by a 10-day rest period. Four sets of unilateral knee extensions to voluntary failure at 20% of one repetition maximum (1RM) were conducted with partial blood flow restriction (90–100 mmHg). Muscle samples obtained before, during, 3 days, and 10 days after training were analyzed for muscle fiber area (MFA), myonuclei, SC, and mRNA and miRNA expression. Muscle size was measured by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging and strength with 1RM knee extension. With the first block of BFRRE, SC number increased in both fiber types (70%–80%, P < 0.05), whereas type I and II MFA decreased by 6 ± 7% and 15 ± 11% ( P < 0.05), respectively. With the second block of training, muscle size increased by 6%–8%, whereas the number of SCs (type I: 80 ± 63%, type II: 147 ± 95%), myonuclei (type I: 30 ± 24%, type II: 31 ± 28%), and MFA (type I: 19 ± 19%, type II: 11 ± 19%) peaked 10 days after the second block of BFRRE, whereas strength peaked after 20 days of detraining (6 ± 6%, P < 0.05). Pax7- and p21 mRNA expression were elevated during the intervention, whereas myostatin, IGF1R, MyoD, myogenin, cyclinD1 and -D2 mRNA did not change until 3–10 days postintervention. High-frequency low-load BFRRE induced robust increases in SC, myonuclei, and muscle size but modest strength gains. Intriguingly, the responses were delayed and peaked 10–20 days after the training intervention, indicating overreaching. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In line with previous studies, we demonstrate that high-frequency low-load blood flow-restricted resistance exercise (HF-BFRRE) can elicit robust increases in satellite cell and myonuclei numbers, along with gains in muscle size and strength. However, our results also suggest that these processes can be delayed and that with very strenuous HF-BFRRE, there may even be transient muscle fiber atrophy, presumably because of accumulated stress responses. Our findings have implications for the prescription of BFR exercise.
Differences in micro-RNA expression profile between vastus lateralis samples and myotubes in COPD cachexia
Authors: Barreiro Esther , Sancho-Muñoz Antonio , Puig-Vilanova Ester , Salazar-Degracia Anna , Pascual-Guardia Sergi , Casadevall Carme , Gea Joaquim 
Published: December 2018

Quadriceps muscle weakness and wasting are common comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Micro-RNA expression upregulation may favor muscle mass growth and differentiation. We hypothesized that the profile of muscle-enriched micro-RNAs in cultured myotubes differs between patients with COPD of a wide range of body composition and healthy controls and that expression levels of those micro-RNAs from patients with COPD and controls differ between in vivo and in vitro conditions. Twenty-nine patients with COPD [ n = 15 with muscle wasting and fat-free mass index (FFMI) 15 kg/m2 and n = 14 with normal body composition and FFMI 18 kg/m2] and 10 healthy controls (FFMI 19 kg/m2) were consecutively recruited. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained in all study subjects. A fragment of each biopsy was used to obtain primary cultures, in which muscle cells were first proliferated to be then differentiated into actual myotubes. In both sets of experiments (in vivo biopsies and in vitro myotubes) the following muscle-enriched micro-RNAs from all the study subjects were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR amplification: micro-RNA (miR)-1, miR-133a, miR-206, miR-486, miR-29b, miR-27a, and miR-181a. Whereas the expression of miR-1, miR-206, miR-486, and miR-29b was upregulated in the muscle biopsies of patients with COPD compared with those of healthy controls, levels of none of the studied micro-RNAs in the myotubes (primary cultured cells) significantly differed between patients with COPD and the controls. We conclude from these findings that environmental factors (blood flow, muscle metabolism, and inflammation) taking place in vivo (biopsies) in muscles may account for the differences observed in micro-RNA expression between patients with COPD and controls. In the myotubes, however, the expression of the same micro-RNAs did not differ between the study subjects as such environmental factors were not present. These findings suggest that therapeutic strategies should rather target environmental factors in COPD muscle wasting as the profile of micro-RNA expression in myotubes was similar in patients to that observed in the healthy controls. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Environmental factors taking place in vivo (biopsies) in the muscles may explain differences observed in micro-RNA expression between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and controls. In the myotubes, however, the expression of the same micro-RNAs did not differ between the study subjects as such environmental factors were not present. These findings suggest that therapeutic strategies should rather target environmental factors in COPD muscle wasting and cachexia as micro-RNA expression profile in myotubes was similar between patients and controls.