bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong Influence of Irrigation on Water Budget and Land Surface Temperature in Indian Subcontinental River Basins
Authors: Shah Harsh L. , Zhou Tian , Huang Maoyi , Mishra Vimal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIrrigation modulates the terrestrial water budget in intensively irrigated regions. However, the influence of irrigation on water budget and land surface temperature (LST) has not been quantified in Indian subcontinental river basins. Here, using the in situ and satellite‐based observations and the Variable Infiltration Capacity model with irrigation scheme, we show that the presence of irrigation substantially alters water budget (especially evapotranspiration, ET) and LST in the subcontinental river basins. While irrigation results in increased ET in all the 18 subcontinental basins, mean annual ET of Indus and Ganges basins increases by 47% and 12%, respectively, due to irrigation. Total runoff has increased in the most basins due to irrigation. Irrigation has a remarkable influence on LST with cooling of 0.2–0.65 °C. Compared to other basins, irrigation water demand is high in Indus and Ganges basins during the postmonsoon season (October–January). Our results show that between 1951 and 2012, irrigation demand has decreased in 13 out of the 18 basins during the premonsoon season (February–May). However, irrigation water demand increased in 12 out of the 18 basins in the postmonsoon season. Changes in irrigation demands are largely driven by changes in soil moisture due to weakening/strengthening of the summer monsoon precipitation. Our findings have implications for water budget estimation over intensively irrigated basins where ET might be substantially underestimated in the previous studies that do not consider the role of irrigation.
Characteristics of Sea‐Effect Clouds and Precipitation Over the Sea of Japan Region as Observed by A‐Train Satellites
Authors: West Tyler K. , Steenburgh W. James , Mace Gerald G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProlific winter (December‐January‐February) snowfall occurs over northwest Japan due to frequent sea‐effect precipitation that develops during cold‐air outbreaks over the Sea of Japan (SOJ). Knowledge of sea‐effect clouds and precipitation across the SOJ region has historically been constrained, however, by limited offshore in situ observations and remote‐sensing limitations. This paper uses sensors from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s A‐Train Satellite Constellation to examine winter sea‐effect properties in the SOJ region. The analysis shows that cloud and precipitation occurrence generally increases across the SOJ from Asia to Japan, as potential sea‐effect periods with an along‐orbit mean sea surface to 850‐hPa temperature difference ≥13 °C comprise a majority of the total clouds and precipitation. Sea‐effect clouds and precipitation occur most frequently in an arc‐shaped area that extends from the western SOJ, where the Japan‐Sea Polar‐Airmass Convergence Zone (JPCZ) is common, to the coast of Honshu, and then northward to Hokkaido. Radar, lidar, and column water path statistics along A‐Train orbital tracks show that sea‐effect precipitation is deepest along the central Honshu coast and becomes shallower but more frequent with northward extent. Precipitation amount and frequency maximize along the coast and adjacent mountains but decline with inland extent, most abruptly downstream of higher mountain barriers. This work illustrates that air‐sea interactions, coastal geometry, and regional topography strongly modulate cloud and precipitation patterns during sea‐effect periods in the SOJ region.
Activation of c-Met in cancer cells mediates growth-promoting signals against oxidative stress through Nrf2-HO-1
Authors: Chakraborty Samik , Balan Murugabaskar , Flynn Evelyn , Zurakowski David , Choueiri Toni K. , Pal Soumitro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAny imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the anti-oxidant capacity lead to cellular oxidative stress. Many chemotherapeutic agents mediate their cytotoxic functions through the generation of ROS. c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is over-expressed in renal cancer and plays very crucial role(s) in its growth and survival. Here, we show that c-Met activation protected renal cancer cells from ROS, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by the anti-cancer agent sorafenib (used for renal cancer treatment); and it markedly attenuated sorafenib-induced DNA damage. Activated c-Met promoted the anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and inhibited apoptotic cleaved caspase-3. We found that the cytoprotective function of c-Met against sorafenib-induced ROS generation and apoptosis was mediated primarily through the activation of anti-oxidant Nrf2-HO-1. c-Met promoted the nuclear localization of Nrf2 and hindered its binding with the inhibitory protein Keap1. Silencing of Nrf2 attenuated the protective action of c-Met against sorafenib-induced oxidative stress. To evaluate the physiological significance of our findings, in a tumor xenograft model, we observed that a combination treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of c-Met and it’s anti-oxidant downstream effecter HO-1 markedly reduced the growth of renal tumor in vivo; it increased the oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptotic markers in the tumor xenografts, along with reduced tumor vessel density. Our observations indicate that the c-Met-Nrf2-HO-1 pathway plays a vital role in relieving ROS-mediated oxidative stress of renal tumors. Targeting this pathway can significantly increase the oxidative stress to promote apoptotic death of cancer cells.
Dual RNA-seq reveals large-scale non-conserved genotype × genotype-specific genetic reprograming and molecular crosstalk in the mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Mateus Ivan D , Masclaux Frédéric G , Aletti Consolée , Rojas Edward C , Savary Romain , Dupuis Cindy , Sanders Ian R 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) impact plant growth and are a major driver of plant diversity and productivity. We quantified the contribution of intra-specific genetic variability in cassava (Manihot esculenta) and Rhizophagus irregularis to gene reprogramming in symbioses using dual RNA-sequencing. A large number of cassava genes exhibited altered transcriptional responses to the fungus but transcription of most of these plant genes (72%) responded in a different direction or magnitude depending on the plant genotype. Two AMF isolates displayed large differences in their transcription, but the direction and magnitude of the transcriptional responses for a large number of these genes was also strongly influenced by the genotype of the plant host. This indicates that unlike the highly conserved plant genes necessary for the symbiosis establishment, most of the plant and fungal gene transcriptional responses are not conserved and are greatly influenced by plant and fungal genetic differences, even at the within-species level. The transcriptional variability detected allowed us to identify an extensive gene network showing the interplay in plant–fungal reprogramming in the symbiosis. Key genes illustrated that the two organisms jointly program their cytoskeleton organization during growth of the fungus inside roots. Our study reveals that plant and fungal genetic variation has a strong role in shaping the genetic reprograming in response to symbiosis, indicating considerable genotype × genotype interactions in the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Such variation needs to be considered in order to understand the molecular mechanisms between AMF and their plant hosts in natural communities.
A global dataset of CO2 emissions and ancillary data related to emissions for 343 cities
Authors: Nangini Cathy , Peregon Anna , Ciais Philippe , Weddige Ulf , Vogel Felix , Wang Jun , Bréon François-Marie , Bachra Simeran , Wang Yilong , Gurney Kevin , Yamagata Yoshiki , Appleby Kyra , Telahoun Sara , Canadell Josep G. , Grübler Arnulf , Dhakal Shobhakar , Creutzig Felix 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present a global dataset of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for 343 cities. The dataset builds upon data from CDP (187 cities, few in developing countries), the Bonn Center for Local Climate Action and Reporting (73 cities, mainly in developing countries), and data collected by Peking University (83 cities in China). The CDP data being self-reported by cities, we applied quality control procedures, documented the type of emissions and reporting method used, and made a correction to separate CO2 emissions from those of other greenhouse gases. Further, a set of ancillary data that have a direct or potentially indirect impact on CO2 emissions were collected from other datasets (e.g. socio-economic and traffic indices) or calculated (climate indices, urban area expansion), then combined with the emission data. We applied several quality controls and validation comparisons with independent datasets. The dataset presented here is not intended to be comprehensive or a representative sample of cities in general, as the choice of cities is based on self-reporting not a designed sampling procedure.
The role of extracellular vesicles in cancer microenvironment and metastasis: myths and challenges
Authors: Lucien Fabrice , Leong Hon S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The concept of vesicles or cell debris released by cancer cells to promote metastasis is not new, but the mechanisms used to currently ascribe their impact in metastasis are of intense debate. A significant increase in reports describing the role of cancer-derived EVs in cancer metastasis has been followed by a growing amount of uncertainty behind these claims. This review will delve into the role of EVs in promoting cancer metastasis by relying on a balanced perspective that looks at challenges faced previously by extracellular vesicle biologists, current technical limitations in the field, and overlooked physiologic mechanisms that may play a confounding role. This review will also discuss how certain experimental approaches are misleading which ultimately lead to overly optimistic mechanisms that have minimally contributed to the pathophysiology of metastasis.
Structural mass spectrometry comes of age: new insight into protein structure, function and interactions
Authors: Allison Timothy M. , Bechara Cherine 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) provides an impressive array of information about the structure, function and interactions of proteins. In recent years, many new developments have been in the field of native MS and these exemplify a new coming of age of this field. In this mini review, we connect the latest methodological and instrumental developments in native MS to the new insights these have enabled. We highlight the prominence of an increasingly common strategy of using hybrid approaches, where multiple MS-based techniques are used in combination, and integrative approaches, where MS is used alongside other techniques such as ion-mobility spectrometry. We also review how the emergence of a native top-down approach, which combines native MS with top-down proteomics into a single experiment, is the pièce de résistance of structural mass spectrometry's coming of age. Finally, we outline key developments that have enabled membrane protein native MS to shift from being extremely challenging to routine, and how this technique is uncovering inaccessible details of membrane protein–lipid interactions.
Mechanisms of antibiotics inhibiting bacterial RNA polymerase
Authors: Mosaei Hamed , Harbottle John 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Transcription, the first phase of gene expression, is performed by the multi-subunit RNA polymerase (RNAP). Bacterial RNAP is a validated target for clinical antibiotics. Many natural and synthetic compounds are now known to target RNAP, inhibiting various stages of the transcription cycle. However, very few RNAP inhibitors are used clinically. A detailed knowledge of inhibitors and their mechanisms of action (MOA) is vital for the future development of efficacious antibiotics. Moreover, inhibitors of RNAP are often useful tools with which to dissect RNAP function. Here, we review the MOA of antimicrobial transcription inhibitors.
An updated structural classification of replicative DNA polymerases
Authors: Raia Pierre , Delarue Marc , Sauguet Ludovic 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Replicative DNA polymerases are nano-machines essential to life, which have evolved the ability to copy the genome with high fidelity and high processivity. In contrast with cellular transcriptases and ribosome machines, which evolved by accretion of complexity from a conserved catalytic core, no replicative DNA polymerase is universally conserved. Strikingly, four different families of DNA polymerases have evolved to perform DNA replication in the three domains of life. In Bacteria, the genome is replicated by DNA polymerases belonging to the A- and C-families. In Eukarya, genomic DNA is copied mainly by three distinct replicative DNA polymerases, Polα, Polδ, and Polε, which all belong to the B-family. Matters are more complicated in Archaea, which contain an unusual D-family DNA polymerase (PolD) in addition to PolB, a B-family replicative DNA polymerase that is homologous to the eukaryotic ones. PolD is a heterodimeric DNA polymerase present in all Archaea discovered so far, except Crenarchaea. While PolD is an essential replicative DNA polymerase, it is often underrepresented in the literature when the diversity of DNA polymerases is discussed. Recent structural studies have shown that the structures of both polymerase and proofreading active sites of PolD differ from other structurally characterized DNA polymerases, thereby extending the repertoire of folds known to perform DNA replication. This review aims to provide an updated structural classification of all replicative DNAPs and discuss their evolutionary relationships, both regarding the DNA polymerase and proofreading active sites.
H2 influenza viruses: designing vaccines against future H2 pandemics
Authors: Reneer Z. Beau , Ross Ted M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Influenza-related pathologies affect millions of people each year and the impact of influenza on the global economy and in our everyday lives has been well documented. Influenza viruses not only infect humans but also are zoonotic pathogens that infect various avian and mammalian species, which serve as viral reservoirs. While there are several strains of influenza currently circulating in animal species, H2 influenza viruses have a unique history and are of particular concern. The 1957 ‘Asian Flu’ pandemic was caused by H2N2 influenza viruses and circulated among humans from 1957 to 1968 before it was replaced by viruses of the H3N2 subtype. This review focuses on avian influenza viruses of the H2 subtype and the role these viruses play in human infections. H2 influenza viral infections in humans would present a unique challenge to medical and scientific researchers. Much of the world's population lacks any pre-existing immunity to the H2N2 viruses that circulated 50–60 years ago. If viruses of this subtype began circulating in the human population again, the majority of people alive today would have no immunity to H2 influenza viruses. Since H2N2 influenza viruses have effectively circulated in people in the past, there is a need for additional research to characterize currently circulating H2 influenza viruses. There is also a need to stockpile vaccines that are effective against both historical H2 laboratory isolates and H2 viruses currently circulating in birds to protect against a future pandemic.
Enhancing the stability of AHF
Authors: Vaidya Tushar , Chatterjee Kishore 
Published: January 2019

Active harmonic filters (AHFs) have a problem of losing their stability when they are installed in a distribution network having power factor correction (PFC) capacitors. This study has made an effort to assess the stability margin of an AHF installed in a distribution network along with PFC capacitors. After establishing the underlying cause of instability, an attempt has been made in this study to propose a control algorithm, so that the problem of instability is overcome when these AHFs are made to operate in tandem with PFC capacitors. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is established by carrying out detailed simulation studies of the system. A 30 kVA laboratory prototype of the AHF has been fabricated. Detailed experimental validations have been carried out utilising the aforesaid prototype to confirm the viability of the proposed scheme.
Simple digital algorithm for improved performance in a boost PFC converter operating in CCM
Authors: Nair Harish Sudhakaran , Narasamma Lakshmi 
Published: January 2019

In power factor correction (PFC) converters, achieving both good steady‐state input current waveform and fast output dynamic response is a challenge. This is due to the effect of the double‐line frequency ripple present in the sensed output voltage signal which tends to distort the reference current applied to the current controller, thus leading to a distorted input current waveform. Low bandwidth (BW) voltage loop designs to reduce this input current distortion make the output dynamic response very sluggish. A digital control algorithm for the estimation of the average value of the sensed output voltage is proposed in this study to achieve low total harmonic distortion input current and fast dynamic response with a higher BW voltage loop. The proposed algorithm is computationally less intensive and requires no additional sensors or circuitry. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is validated through simulation and experimental tests on a 300 W boost PFC converter prototype operating in continuous conduction mode.
System design for Nanjing HVDC flexible transmission project
Authors: Fei Mei , Li Wang , Shengsen Zha , Jianyong Zheng 
Published: January 2019

In order to solve the problem of power supply shortage in certain region of Nanjing city, a high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) flexible transmission project needs to be constructed. It could be the first project with ±380 kV DC and real bipolar connection in the world. Two new converter stations will be built with 1500 MW transmission capacity. The system design scheme has been proposed including the main connection mode of converter stations, the operation mode, the control strategy, parameters design for main circuit and determination of converter station's power operation range. This technical solution can provide complete design method for future HVDC flexible transmission project, which is of great significance to the development and engineering application of the HVDC flexible technology in China.
Modelling carbon-chain species formation in lukewarm corinos with new multi-phase models
Authors: Wang Yao , Chang Qiang , Wang Hongchi 
Published: January 2019

Context. Abundant carbon-chain species have been observed towards lukewarm corinos L1527, B228, and L483. These carbon-chain species are believed to be synthesized in the gas phase after CH4 desorbs from the dust grain surface at the temperature around 30 K.
Aims. We investigate carbon-chain species formation in lukewarm corinos using a more rigorous numerical method and advanced surface chemical models. We also pay attention to the significance of the finite size effect.
Methods. We used the macroscopic Monte Carlo method in our simulations. In addition to the two-phase model, the basic multi-phase model and the new multi-phase models were used for modelling surface chemistry on dust grains. All volatile species can sublime at their sublimation temperatures in the two-phase model while most volatile species are frozen in the ice mantle before water ice sublimes in the basic and the new multi-phase models. The new multi-phase models allow more volatile species to sublime at their sublimation temperatures than the basic multi-phase model does.
Results. The significance of the finite size effect is dependent on the duration of the cold phase. The discrepancies between the rate equation approach and the Monte Carlo method decrease as the duration of the cold phase increases. When T ~ 30 K, the abundances of gaseous CH4 and CO in the two-phase model are the highest while the basic multi-phase model predicts the lowest CO and CH4 abundances among all models. The abundances of carbon-chain species in the basic and the new multi-phase models are lower than that in the two-phase model when T ~ 30 K because CH4 is crucial for the synthesis of carbon-chain species. However, because the abundance of electrons increases as the abundance of H3O+ decreases, some carbon-chain species abundances predicted by the basic multi-phase model may not be lower than that in the new multi-phase models. The two-phase model performs best in predicting carbon-chain species abundances to fit observations while the basic multi-phase model works the worst. The abundances of carbon-chain species predicted by the new multi-phase models agree reasonably well with observations.
Conclusions. The amount of CH4 can diffuse inside the ice mantle, thus sublime upon warm-up plays a crucial role in the synthesis of carbon-chain species in the gas phase. The carbon-chain species observed in lukewarm corinos may be able to gauge surface chemical models.
Suppression of chemotherapy-induced cytokine/lipid mediator surge and ovarian cancer by a dual COX-2/sEH inhibitor
Authors: Gartung Allison , Yang Jun , Sukhatme Vikas P. , Bielenberg Diane R. , Fernandes Djanira , Chang Jaimie , Schmidt Birgitta A. , Hwang Sung Hee , Zurakowski David , Huang Sui , Kieran Mark W. , Hammock Bruce D. , Panigrahy Dipak 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Our study demonstrates that ovarian tumor cell debris generated by front-line chemotherapy promotes tumor growth by stimulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators in the tumor microenvironment. Targeting the debris-mediated surge of protumorigenic factors provides a strategy for enhancing the efficacy of cytotoxic therapies. Here, we show that the dual cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor PTUPB prevented the chemotherapy-induced cytokine/lipid surge and suppressed debris-stimulated ovarian tumor growth. Dual COX-2/sEH inhibition may have clinical implications for use in combination with cytotoxic cancer therapies to alleviate debris-mediated inflammation. Our results indicate that PTUPB may act as a “surge protector” against therapy-induced protumorigenic mediators to improve patient survival by preventing tumor recurrence.
Facial masculinity does not appear to be a condition-dependent male ornament and does not reflect MHC heterozygosity in humans
Authors: Zaidi Arslan A. , White Julie D. , Mattern Brooke C. , Liebowitz Corey R. , Puts David A. , Claes Peter , Shriver Mark D. 
Published: January 2019

SignificanceFacial masculinity has been considered a sexual ornament in humans, akin to peacock trains and stag antlers. Recently, studies have questioned the once-popular view that facial masculinity is a condition-dependent male ornament signaling immunocompetence (the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis). We sought to rigorously test these ideas using high-resolution phenotypic (3D facial images) and genetic data in the largest sample to date. We found no support for the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis of facial masculinity in humans. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence challenging a popular viewpoint in the field and highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the genetic and environmental factors underlying variation in facial masculinity and human sexual dimorphism more broadly.