bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wieder gelesen: Fritz Morstein Marx, »Das Dilemma des Verwaltungsmannes« (1965)
Authors: Seckelmann Margrit 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In seiner Schrift Das Dilemma des Verwaltungsmannes von 1965 bringt Fritz Morstein Marx, der Verwaltungswissenschaftler wie Verwaltungspraktiker auf beiden Seiten des Atlantiks tätig war, das Problem des Verwaltens folgendermaßen auf den Punkt: Verwalten muss auch immer eine gestalterische Komponente innehaben. Tut es das nicht, kann eine solche Beschränkung auf den bloßen Normvollzug langfristig zu Politikverdrossenheit führen. Jedoch droht der „Verwaltungsmann“ dabei seine Kompetenzen zu überschreiten, weswegen er Nachteile erleiden könnte. Es bieten sich zwei Reaktionen an: Das Verkriechen in ein Mauseloch, wo man in möglichst wenig Kompetenzprobleme gerät - oder aber umgekehrt die Übernahme von Verantwortung, auf die Gefahr hin, negative Konsequenzen zu befürchten. Morstein Marx plädiert für die zweite Lösung, bindet sie aber zugleich in ein Beamtenethos ein.
»… sie bitten, sie weinen, sie drohen« – Emotionen in katholischen Ehedispensverfahren vom ausgehenden 18. bis zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Lanzinger Margareth 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The points of departure for the contribution are the Catholic Church’s prohibition of consanguineous and affinal marriage and the practice of dispensation with a geographic focus on the Diocese of Brixen, which comprised parts of historical Tyrol and Vorarlberg during the period of study. Granting dispensation was and remained an act of grace, even when government regulations began to interfere in administrative procedures in the late 18th century. The amount of dispensation applications regarding close degrees of consanguinity and affinity significantly increased during this time. Emotions were an integral part of these proceedings. Two central areas of interest are: What were the effects of recording emotions in the dispensation paperwork, and how were the ways that emotions were described in writing expressed in social interactions? The hypothesis of this study is that applicants tried using emotions as instruments for expediting their applications on the one hand, and that lower-level clergy used the practice of recording emotions in order to legitimize supporting dispensation applicants on the other hand.
Gambaran Depresi pada ODHA Perempuan yang Tinggal di Jakarta
Authors: Bhirawa Madyastha Aji 
Published: April 2019

Indonesia is the one of the countries in the world with the epidemic transmission of HIV, which continues to grow. The transmission of HIV and AIDS is again related to risky of behavior and population key. In fact many couples who are contracting a partner who had behavior risk. In Indonesia the number of women who are infected increases. This indicates the susceptibility of women to HIV infection and AIDS.
This descriptive study aims to discuss the depression in ODHA women who live in Jakarta. The method used is qualitative with the interviews. The respondents involved in this research were two adult female ODHA which are beginning with the age of the 21- 40 years and suffer from depression in accordance with depression in BDI-II.
Data analysis revelaed the different levels of depression that women were affected from their experienced problems, the disclosure status of HIV, the stigma and discrimination, and social support. In addition, the issues of this women who affected with HIV were parenting and caring family members and they were the person who support their families. From the two respondents this study discovered that both have negative thinking to themselves, experience, and future.Depression
A Conceptual Framework for the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Palestinian Firm Performance
Authors: W. A. Saleh Mohammed , Abdul Latif Rohaida , Abu Bakar Fathiyyah 
Published: April 2019

Objective: This research study has shed light on the perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which identified in four dimensions of CSR including community, environmental, ethical, and consumer protection responsibilities.
Methodology: This paper provides conceptual arguments that allow for better understanding of the role of CSR in the Palestinian society.
Findings: The literature on CSR has increased substantially over the past decade, but existing research document mixed and inconclusive results on the role of CSR and firm performance.
Implication: Although the link between CSR and firm performance have been studied, a significant research gap remains when considering the relationship between CSR and firm performance in the Palestinian context. This is because the CSR research has been neglected in the context of Palestine. For companies, this study proposes that they should put more efforts on enhancing the role of the CSR. Moreover, this study suggests for the management to re-think and re-strategize their CSR policies to improve their performance.
Fixed Point Theorems and Iterative Function System in G-Metric Spaces
Authors: Abed Salwa Salman , Faraj Anaam Neamah 
Published: April 2019

Iterated function space is a method to construct fractals and the results are self-similar. In this paper, we introduce the Hutchinson Barnsley operator (shortly, operator) on a metric space and employ its theory to construct a fractal set as its unique fixed point by using Ciric type generalized -contraction in complete metric space. In addition, some concepts are illustrated by numerical examples.
Streambank erodibility and lateral instability hazard in the Manahara River, Kathmandu basin, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Pramila , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi 
Published: April 2019

The Manahara River, a large tributary of the Bagmati River, is located in the northeast of the Kathmandu basin. Recently, the river (especially, its lower reach) has been excessively mined for sand and gravel. Such anthropogenic activities together with the natural processes have led to rapid and haphazard shifting of its channel. As a result, its banks and adjacent areas are subject to failures and other mass movements. In this paper, the river course is evaluated in terms of its bank erosion and lateral instability (BELI) hazard by considering bank erodibility hazard index, near-bank stress index, lateral instability hazard index, and anthropogenic disturbances.
The downstream reaches of the fourth-order stream belong to a moderate BELI hazard, whereas the fifth-order stream in the middle reach, near Mulpani, falls under a very high hazard. The rest of its fifth-order stretch exhibits a high hazard. An increase in the degree of anthropogenic disturbances increases the BELI hazard in the downstream stretch of the river. Poor riparian vegetation seems to be one of the factors aggravating the bank erodibility hazard in the river. Hence, the restoration of bank vegetation and establishment of riparian vegetation buffer zones can significantly reduce the BELI hazard.
Natural radioactive risk assessment in top soil and possible health effect in Minim and Martap villages, Cameroon: using radioactive risk index and statistical analysis
Authors: Nyamsari D. G. , Yalcin F. , Mboh M. T. , Alfred F. G. , Yalcin M. G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Minim and Martap villages are famous for their richness in bauxite mineralization. Acute respiratory infection, known to stem from 238U and 232Th activities, is one of the main reasons to the mortality and morbidity of the over 40,000 local inhabitants. Radioactive elements in top of the soils of the area are potential causes to this infection. Therefore, the natural activity concentration of radioactive elements in the area was investigated. Top soil samples collected from the village settlement area and some plateaus were analyzed using methods LF700 (for 40K) and LF100 (for 238U and 232Th). The measured concentration of the elements was higher than the world mean value. Samples of felsic volcanic soils and rocks were identified to have the highest concentration of the elements. 232Th and 238U revealed relatively higher activity concentration while that of 40K was lower. Absorbed dose rate are higher in all the samples by a factor range of 1.2–2.1 times greater when compared to world average. Annual effective indoor and outdoor doses, radi-um equivalence (Raeq), internal (Hin) and external (Hex) hazard indexes, and the Excess lifetime cancer risks of samples, are all within the world averages by UNSCEAR.
Validity and Reliability of the Persian Versions of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and Modified National Institute of Health Stroke Scale in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Dehghani Reza , Borhanihaghighi Afshin , Shariat Abdolhamid , Nami Mohammad , Nazeri Masoume , Abolhasani Foroughi Amin , Mehrabi Samrad , Emamghoreishi Masoumeh 
Published: April 2019

Background: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modified National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (mNIHSS) are two valid and reliable questionnaires that assess stroke severity. This study aimed to examine and compare the validity and reliability of Persian versions of NIHSS and mNIHSS in hospitalized patients. Materials and Methods: The English versions of NIHSS and mNIHSS were translated to Persian (forward and backward), and three neurologists examined the face and content validity of both questionnaires. The Persian versions of NIHSS and mNIHSS were used in75 hospitalized stroke patients (hemorrhagic and obstructive) admitted to Namazi teaching hospital, Shiraz, Iran.The reliability and validity of the Persian versions were examined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and convergent validity. Result: The values of Cronbach's alpha for Persian versions of NIHSS and mNIHSS were 0.81 and 0.86, respectively. The scaling success of convergent validity in NIHSS and mNIHSS were 80% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: The Persian versions of NIHSS and mNIHSS were reliable and valid. However, mNIHSS was more valid and reliable than NIHSS. Persian version of mNIHSS can be suggested to be used for assessing stroke severity in hospitalized stroke patients by neurologists and researchers. [GMJ. 2019;8:e1188]
A Cross-sectional Study on Olfactory Function among Young Adult Smokers
Authors: Da Silva Maria Cristina C. , Panganiban Windolyn D. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To determine the olfactory function and/ or dysfunction of young adults who are cigarette smokers using a locally validated smell identification test.

Design: Cross-sectional study

Setting: Tertiary hospital in Metro Manila

Patients: The volunteer study group was composed of 60 male and 21 female students and employees of a tertiary hospital and its affiliated medical school (both in Quezon City). All subjects were young adults within the age range of 20-35 years with a mean age of 27. 58 years (±4.33). All the subjects were currently smoking cigarettes with no medical history of recent viral infection, nasal/sinus surgery, nasal/brain tumors, head trauma, radiotherapy, chronic rhinitides in exacerbation or tracheostomy. Olfactory function of each subject was evaluated using the Sto. Tomas Smell Identification Test (ST-SIT) which is a locally-validated test.

Results: Majority of the subjects fell within the 24-27 age group with a mean age of 27.58 years (±4.33). Males outnumbered females 74.1% as against 25.9%. An inverse relation between pack years and ST-SIT score was present indicating that there could be a dose-related effect of cigarette smoking on olfactory function.
Among the 81 subjects, 15 (18.5%) turned out to be anosmic, 46 (56.7%) were hyposmic and 20 (24.6%) had normal olfactory function. A mean ST-SIT score was computed at 81.183 (±}12.58), indicating that majority of the subjects had olfactory dysfunction, meaning they were hyposmic.

Conclusion: Smoking cigarettes has become part of the lifestyle of a lot of people in spite of its hazards to health. In the present study, a majority of supposedly healthy young adults who currently smoked cigarettes were proven to suffer from olfactory impairment based on the scores of a locally-validated smell identification test. An inverse relation between ST-SIT scores and pack years was also noted which may indicate a dose-related effect of smoking on olfactory function.

Keywords: Olfaction, Smoking,, Hyposmia, Anosmia
Abelardo B. Perez, MD (1932 – 2007)
Authors: Jarin Remigio I. 
Published: April 2019

By HOW he is remembered --- and by how much he is missed: this, I submit, is the ultimate measure by which we can gauge the impact of a man’s labor on his world and the import of his life on the people he left behind.
That Dr. Abelardo B. Perez will be remembered, there is no question. The fact alone that he had been in practice for close to four decades guarantees the grateful remembrance of at least a thousand patients whose afflictions he has healed, whose pains he has eased.
Likewise, he will be remembered wistfully by hundreds of what were once clear-eyed, smart talking young men and women who considered him at that time a terror to be avoided at all cost, but who-now older, thinner of hair and thicker around the waist – cannot praise him enough for providing them with the instruction and the discipline to become themselves, Doctors of Medicine, hopefully in the same mold, of the same class as Dr. Abelardo B. Perez.
But nowhere will the memory of Dr. Abelardo B. Perez be held in deeper reverence and in greater love than in the Philippine Board of Otolaryngology which he conceptualized, organized and institutionalized to elevate the specialization to the eminence it deserves. I should think that as the PBO was the passion of Dr. Perez’s life, in his death we should dedicate it as a monument to this gifted Head and Neck Surgeon.
Thus, will Dr. Abelardo B. Perez be remembered – as a long-time medical practitioner, an expert ENT specialist. A stern and no-nonsense professor, a dauntless champion of the crusade to keep inviolate the quality and the integrity of the Diplomate, the founding father and the moving spirit of the PBO and an indefatigable worker in the unending task of healing the wounds and easing the pains of Man and his world.
Yet the warranty of remembrance does not really assuage the sense of loss. It is well and good that the world remembers Dr. Abelardo B. Perez; but the knowledge that it does in no way mitigates the ache in Martha’s heart for the warmth of Abe’s touch or renders less difficult for us the task of administering PBO affairs without his counsel and guidance.
Indeed, the name of Dr. Abelardo B. Perez will long be remembered; but we will still sorely miss the man who looked eternally youthful, who loved good music, fine dining, pleasant company, who took such great joy in beholding the wonders of creation, in confronting the challenges of the world, in living life fully, with a song in his heart, in recognition of its preciousness and in gratitude for its gift… the world will remember the physician named Dr. Perez; we will miss the man we called Abe….
In Vitro Antimycotic Activity of Four Medicinal Plants Versus Clotrimazole in the Treatment of Otomycosis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Villanueva Joebert M. , Arugay Marida Arend V. , Ramos Rachel Zita H. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To determine the antimycotic activity of the four medicinal plant extracts, kalachuchi bark (Plumeria acuminata Ait.), atsuete bark (Bixa orellana Linn.), akapulko leaves (Cassia alata Linn.), and neem leaves (Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss), when compared to the standard clotrimazole in the treatment of otomycosis.

Study Design: Experimental Study

Methods: Taxonomically identified plants, kalachuchi, atsuete, akapulko, and neem tree were collected and deposited in an herbarium. Extracts of these plants and the standard clotrimazole were tested against isolates of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans taken from patients with otomycosis. Three trials were made for each extract using different solvents and results subjected to statistical analysis.

Result: Of the four medicinal plant extracts studied, only kalachuchi bark extract exhibited antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger using methylethylketone as solvent when compared to the standard clotrimazole. It was equally effective in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus and A. niger. However, all plant extracts using all types of solvents were equally ineffective in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans.

Conclusion: This in vitro study suggested that kalachuchi (Plumeria acuminata Linn.) bark extract inhibits the growth of Aspergillus species and was comparable to the standard clotrimazole. Following appropriate further studies and clinical trials, it may be a potential alternative treatment option for otomycosis caused by Aspergillus species.

Key words: otomycosis; kalachuchi (Plumeria acuminata Linn.) bark; antimycotic; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger
Model Myringotomy Practice Set: A do-it-yourself and inexpensive alternative
Authors: Tuaño-Uy Melita Jesusa Suga , Martinez Norberto V. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To develop a simple, portable, inexpensive model for otolaryngology trainees to practice on and develop skills required for myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion.
Materials and Methods: Recycled plastic egg crate, a 3-cc plastic syringe, micropore™ tape and modeling clay were used to create a model to practice myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion utilizing tubes fashioned from a recycled 18 guage intravenous catheter.
Result: The model myringotomy practice set is an inexpensive, simple do-it-yourself device made of locally available, mostly recycled materials.

Key words: myringotomy practice set, myringotomy, middle ear ventilation, tympanostomy, tympanostomy tube insertion, instrumentation
The Flexmount Ringlight: An Inexpensive Lighting Solution for Intraoral Photodocumentation
Authors: David Michael Joseph C. , Chua Antonio H. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To fabricate an inexpensive, reproducible and portable ringlight with flexible, quick-release mount for use with point-and-shoot consumer digital cameras in intraoral photodocumentation
Materials and Methods:
Design: Instrumentation
Setting: Tertiary Care Hospital
Procedure: A commercially-available battery-powered mountaineer’s LED (Light Emitting Diode) headlight (manufacturer, place) was converted into a portable ringlight with a flexible, quick-release mount for intraoral photodocumentation.
Results: The Flexmount Ringlight delivered an even and white illumination of the oral cavity and oropharynx at a working distance of more than 5cm from the subject in focus. It resulted in sharper pictures due to its constant illumination that assisted the camera’s autofocus system in getting accurate focusing intraorally. It also allowed the camera to use smaller apertures that have put more elements in focus, and faster shutter speeds that have markedly reduced motion blur.
Conclusion: The Flexmount Ringlight is an inexpensive, easy-to-assemble and portable ringlight that can be used in point-and-shoot consumer digital cameras. Its constant and even illumination resulted in reproducible, sharp, shadowless photographs of the oral cavity and oropharynx.
Keywords: ringlight, flexmount, intraoral photodocumentation
Evaluation of Mandibular Fractures in a Tertiary Military Hospital: A 10-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Galvan Grace Naomi B. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate mandibular fractures in a tertiary military hospital, to determine the age group in which injury occurred most often, to examine the various mechanisms of injury, to determine the anatomical part of the mandible most frequently affected and to determine if there were significant relationships between the various mechanisms of injury and the different fracture sites.

Methods:
Design: Cross-sectional retrospective study
Setting: Tertiary Public Military Hospital
Patients: Medical records of 328 active military personnel and their dependents, treated for mandibular fracture at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center from January 1999 – December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed for data regarding sex, age, various mechanisms of injury and fractured anatomical part of the mandible. The number of fractures per site according to mechanism of injury was tabulated and prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) and p values were computed for the different fracture sites among the various mechanisms of injury. The probability or risk of sustaining fractures in these sites based on mechanism of injury was then computed.

Results: The most fractured anatomical part of the mandible was the body (28%), followed by the parasymphysis (24%), angle (17%), symphysis (12%), ramus (8%), condyle (7%), alveolar ridge (3%) and coronoid (1%). There were associated injuries in 54% of those with mandibular fractures. In these patients, zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures occurred in 25%, head and neck abrasions and lacerations in 30%, head injuries in 28%, ocular injuries in 10%, nasal fractures in 8% and cervical spine fractures in 5%. Other injuries present were extremity trauma in 60%, thoracic trauma in 5% and abdominal trauma in 3%. Males dominated with a ratio of 99:1. Males 21 to 30 years of age sustained the most mandible fractures. Most fractures were caused by vehicular accidents (60%), followed by gunshot wounds (31%), falls (4%), violent assault (4%) and sports activities (1%). Alcohol was a contributing factor at the time of injury in 20.6% of fractures. All cases were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with plating or wiring.

Conclusion: The body was the most commonly fractured anatomic region of the mandible in this series. There appeared to be a statistically significant relationship between violent assault and fractures of the ramus, but not between the other mechanisms of injury and the site of fracture. Its prevalence ratio of 3.32 (95% confidence interval: 1.13; 9.74, p value 0.039) suggests that the prevalence of fractures of the ramus among those exposed to violent assault was 3 times higher than those who were not.

Keywords: mandibular fractures, etiology, maxillofacial injuries, trauma
Dermal Metastasis from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Rare Form of Metastasis
Authors: Cañal Johanna Patricia A. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To report a rare form of metastasis from a primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a
creeping form of dermal metastasis.

Methods:
Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Public University Hospital
Patient: One

Results: A 47-year-old male referred for radiotherapy after having undergone a selective neck dissection for multiple cervical lymphadenopathy with histopathologic diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma and no known primary underwent a four-quadrant nasopharyngeal biopsy which confirmed the presence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Subsequent radiotherapy resolved the primary mass , and a new posterior cervical lymph node that appeared five months after completion of radiotherapy also resolved with additional radiotherapy. He was asymptomatic for two years until he noted thickening of the skin in his left supraclavicular area. A Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed deep cervical adenopathy and skin thickening, and biopsy confirmed dermal metastatic carcinoma. Two courses of radiotherapy to the affected skin and left axilla where a lymph node had developed resulted in resolution and he was referred for chemotherapy.

Conclusion: Dermal metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare and does not present with pathognomonic symptomatology. It may therefore be confused for a benign side effect (dermatitis), not the malignant manifestation that forebodes a bad prognosis. Patients with dermal metastasis should receive treatment, and radiotherapy may play a significant part. Chemotherapy may also play a role in its management.

Keywords: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, dermal metastasis