bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Organic X‐Ray Sensors: Solving the Key Constraints of PET Substrates
Authors: Bashiri Aishah , Large Matthew J. , Griffith Matthew J. , Papale Laurance , Philippa Bronson , Hall Chris , Bolst David , Guatelli Susanna , Mozer Attila J. , Petasecca Marco , Posar Jessie A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOrganic semiconductor‐based sensors are a unique class of wearable x‐ray detectors, as the response from their carbon‐based composition can mimic the response of the human body to radiation. A thin (260 nm) flexible P3HT: o‐IDTBR‐based organic sensor, deposited onto a conductive Kapton substrate is demonstrated, can provide precise and artifact‐free dosimetry under synchrotron x‐rays with sensitivities of (1958 ± 31)pCGy−1cm−2 without bias. The sensor is capable of accurately resolving multiple 50 µm‐wide x‐rays with a full‐width‐half‐max of (51.6 ± 1.9)µm for a range of energies (47–87.5)keV and dose‐rates (0.21–0.45)kGy s−1. Organic sensors fabricated with plastic polyethylene substrates exhibit unreliable x‐ray responses and broadening of the full‐width‐half‐max. Simulations reveal that x‐ray induced electrostatic charge generated from the polyethylene causes a reverse polarity of the signal. X‐ray charge mapping shows the effective area sensitized with the polyethylene device extends twice the length of the pixel area, while sensors with Kapton substrates closely match the expected active area. Radiation tolerance of P3HT:o‐IDTBR devices maintain 85.4% of the initial x‐ray sensitivity after 10 kGy with similar radiation tolerances to amorphous silicon. This study confirms the unsuitability of polyethylene substrates for flexible radiation detectors, providing the first evidence of the quantitative and spatial resolution limitations created by the generation of radiation‐induced charge.
Unveiling the Oxygen Migration Retarding Effort of Carbon Coating During Disproportionation Enabling High‐ICE and Long‐Cycle‐Life SiO Anodes
Authors: Wang Ruoyang , Wu Yuqing , Yang Qing , Li Haoyu , Wan Fang , Chen Ting , Chen Tingru , Zhong Benhe , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLow initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor cycling performance are the pain points that hinder the commercialization of silicon monoxide (SiO) anode materials. Unfortunately, disproportionation commonly used to enhance cycling performance significantly reduces prelithiation efficiency, making it difficult to achieve both high‐ICE and long‐cycle‐life SiO anodes. Herein, the intrinsic contradiction between disproportionation and prelithiation is successfully reconciled through the ingenious application of the carbon coating strategy, achieving a synergistic enhancement among the three processes (carbon coating, disproportionation, and prelithiation). The prepared SiO anode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with an ICE as high as 113.74% and a reversible capacity of 713.68 mAh g−1 after 750 cycles. In‐depth investigations reveal that carbon optimizes the distribution of Si and O within the disproportionated SiO, effectively thinning the SiO2 surface layer and releasing the shielded Si, thereby enhancing reversible capacity and prelithiation efficiency. TG‐FTIR analysis further elucidates the underlying mechanism, demonstrating that the carbon effectively inhibits the outward migration and escape of O during disproportionation. In summary, this study uncovers the pivotal role of carbon coating in regulating the disproportionation behavior, promoting efficient prelithiation, and enhancing the capacity recovery of SiO.
12.86% Efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Thin Film Solar Cells via Inkjet Printing with 2‐Methoxyethanol‐Based Air‐Stable Precursor Ink
Authors: Mao Yu , Wang Tao , Jian Yue , Huang Yuanyuan , Deng Yanmei , Gu Ening , Lin Xianzhong , Yang Guowei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInkjet printing is a promising and scalable drop‐on‐demand deposition technique for cost‐effective mass production of thin film solar cells. However, the efficiency of inkjet‐printed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) precursor ink is inferior to state‐of‐the‐art spin‐coated devices. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the efficiencies of inkjet‐printed CZTSSe solar cells. In this work, inkjet printing technique is used to deposit flat and continuous CZTSSe thin films in ambient air using a novel 2‐methoxyethanol‐based ink that shows long‐term stability in the air and better wettability compared to the conventional used DMSO‐based ink. In addition, the effects of printing resolution on the structure, morphology, electrical and photovoltaic properties of CZTSSe light harvesting layer are investigated. Eventually, a remarkable device efficiency of 12.86% is achieved, surpassing the reported record efficiency for CZTSSe solar cells based on inkjet printing by ≈40%. Notably, this inkjet printing method allows for the significant reduction of preparation cost of CZTSSe thin films by improving the raw material utilization, thus paving a more viable pathway toward the sustainable development of CZTSSe solar cells.
Self‐Photocatalysis Boosted Electrochemiluminescence System of Pyrene Based Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework: Oxygen‐Vacancy Mediated Adsorption and Peroxydisulfate Radical Activation
Authors: Wang Ying , Jiang Ding , Bian Yuqing , Du Xiaojiao , Shan Xueling , Wang Wenchang , Shiigi Hiroshi , Xie Haijiao , Chen Zhidong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRational design and optimization of the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system undoubtedly underpins critical future advances in the field of sensing. Herein, an efficient ECL system is prepared by the integration of pyrene self‐assembled hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (PSA‐HOF) and defective hydrated tungsten oxide nanosheets (dWO3•H2O), displaying a self‐cycling photocatalytic activation mechanism to boost ECL performances. PSA‐HOF was exploited as the ECL luminophor to produce a light source with sufficient intensity due to the unique structure and aggregation‐induced emission‐enhanced emission. Meanwhile, dWO3•H2O exhibited dual functionality: 1) serving as highly efficient adsorbents for capturing peroxydisulfate (PDS), 2) acting as photoactive materials, which can be activated by the light emitted from PSA‐HOF. Notably, the presence of oxygen vacancies within dWO3•H2O can not only lowered adsorption energy and increase exposure of active sites, but also enhance the photocatalytic performance, thus activating PDS through a radical‐mediated mechanism, which can further stimulate the photocatalytic materials in turn to achieve self‐circulation within the system. As a proof of concept, an ECL biosensor for detecting microcystin‐RR (MC‐RR) is successfully established, which displays a wide detection range and a low detection limit. This work offers a new perspective on the development of ECL technology with high efficiency and stability.
Enhanced Mechanical‐Magnetic Coupling and Bioinspired Structural Design of Magnetorheological Elastomers
Authors: Wang Dongpeng , Zhao Chunyu , Yang Junjie , Lai Shuyu , Wang Xinyi , Gong Xinglong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMagnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are innovative materials composed of ferromagnetic particles embedded within a polymer matrix, enabling real‐time tunability of mechanical properties through external magnetic fields, thereby generating pronounced mechanical‐magnetic coupling effects. However, the mechanical performance of MREs, particularly their load‐bearing capacities under dynamic conditions, remains constrained by the limitations of conventional matrix materials. In this study, shear‐stiffening gel (SSG), exhibiting viscoelastic mechanical behavior, is incorporated into magnetorheological elastomers to develop magnetorheological shear‐stiffening elastomer (MSSE) through a high‐temperature and high‐pressure vulcanization process. The mechanical‐magnetic coupling behavior of these composites is systematically evaluated utilizing a series of mechanical experiments across varying strain rates. Notably, the interaction between carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) and the molecular chains within the shear‐stiffening matrix significantly enhanced the magnetorheological effects of MSSEs, particularly under dynamic impact loadings. Leveraging the adjustable modulus of MSSEs and drawing inspiration from the microstructural characteristics of beetle exoskeletons, a beam‐structured 3D buffer device is designed. This device demonstrates superior energy absorption capacity, underscoring its potential for advanced flexible protection applications.
Recent Advancement in 2D Metal–Organic Framework for Environmental Remediation: A Review
Authors: Lu Lun , Li Liangzhong , Chu Mengxu , Chen Cheng , Wang Boya , Wang Jun , Shen Yi , Ma Ruixue , Li Bisheng , Shen Liguo , Lin Hongjun , Chen Banglin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn a time characterized by the increasing interest in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as widely researched crystalline porous substances geared toward enhancing device and system capabilities across diverse environmental contexts, 2D MOFs emerge as a noteworthy class of nanomaterials that integrate the benefits of 2D structures with the unique characteristics inherent to MOFs. These 2D MOFs possess ultrathin nanosheet configuration, abundant accessible active sites, and remarkable mechanical flexibility. Such distinctive properties differentiate them from bulk MOFs and other 2D materials, offering the potential to instigate novel environmental phenomena and applications. This review focuses on the latest progress in the application of 2D MOFs within essential water‐related ecological fields, including contaminant adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, membrane separation, environmental sensing, and disinfection. A variety of synthesis approaches for 2D MOFs are analyzed, accompanied by a discussion on their effectiveness across different environmental settings. The unique structure and features of 2D MOFs that grant outstanding environmental functionalities are compared with those of bulk MOFs. The environmental ramifications of 2D MOFs are highlighted while outlining future research needs to explore the environmental applications of these innovative materials.
Robust and Ultra‐Efficient Anti‐/De‐Icing Surface Engineered Through Photo‐/Electrothermal Micro‐Nanostructures With Switchable Solid‐Liquid States
Authors: Liu Qiuyue , Wang Yunpeng , Liu Xihuan , Li Yizhen , Yu Enze , Sun Zhiyong , Wang Liang , Zhuang Guilin , Yu Jie , Liu Shanqiu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhotothermal superhydrophobic surfaces present a promising energy‐saving solution for anti‐/de‐icing, offering effective icing delay and photothermal de‐icing capabilities. However, a significant challenge in their practical application is the mechanical interlocking of micro‐nanostructures with ice formed from condensed water vapor, leading to meltwater retention and compromised functionality post‐de‐icing. Here, a robust photo‐/electrothermal icephobic surface with dynamic phase‐transition micro‐nanostructures are demonstrated through laser microfabrication and surface engineering. The engineered surface exhibits ultra‐efficient, long‐term stable anti‐/de‐icing performance and excellent superhydrophobicity, demonstrating an icing delay of ≈ 1250 s, photothermal de‐icing in 8 s, water contact angle of 165°, and sliding angle of 0.2°. Furthermore, the surface maintains efficient anti‐/de‐icing ability and water repellency after 400 linear abrasion cycles under 0.93 MPa. Remarkably, under simulated natural icing conditions, where water vapor freezes within the micro‐nanostructures causing mechanical interlocking, the surface remains entirely non‐wetted after photo‐/electrothermal de‐icing, maintaining superhydrophobicity and effectiveness for continued anti‐/de‐icing. This exceptional performance is attributed to the designed phase‐transition micro‐nanostructures that liquefy during de‐icing, significantly reducing interactions with water molecules, as quantitatively validated by molecular dynamics simulations. This work provides new perspectives and methodologies for designing and creating innovative, high‐performance anti‐/de‐icing surfaces.
An Unexpected Source of Hard Carbon, Rice Hull Ash, Provides Unexpected Li+ Storage Capacities
Authors: Yu Mengjie , Wang Man , Indris Sylvio , Manassa Jason , Stangel Alex , Hovden Robert , Laine Richard M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHard carbon (HC) anodes used in secondary batteries have attracted increasing recent attention in particular to transition to new energy storage formats. To date, HC is produced exclusively by charring organic precursors in inert atmospheres. One would not expect to find HC in rice hull ash (RHA), the byproduct of rice hull combustion processes. However, in developing approaches to depolymerize RHA SiO2 (90:10 wt% SiO2:C) to produce silica‐depleted RHA or SDRHA40‐60 (40–60 wt% SiO2) to tailor C:SiO2 ratios for carbothermal reduction reactions, the SDRHA carbon component is recently revisited. In more detailed efforts to characterize the form of carbon present in SDRHA, a series of analyses reveal graphitized carbon domains in amorphous matrices, i.e., HC, despite RHA being produced via combustion in an oxidizing atmosphere. Comprehensive electrochemical analyses on SDRHA40‐60 find unexpected capacities far in excess (>700 mAh g−1) of reported values for HC and graphite. Electrochemical and STEM characterization suggest that the unexpected capacity may come from the nanoscale morphology of the amorphous carbon component. Given that RHA is a biowaste generated in kilotons/year worldwide, there seems to be an opportunity to develop sustainable high‐capacity anode materials for alkali‐ion storage systems.
Engineering the Coherent Phonon Transport in Polar Ferromagnetic Oxide Superlattices
Authors: Choi In Hyeok , Jeong Seung Gyo , Jeong Do‐Gyeom , Seo Ambrose , Choi Woo Seok , Lee Jong Seok 
Published: November 2024

AbstractArtificial superlattices composed of perovskite oxides serves as an essential platform for engineering coherent phonon transport by redefining the lattice periodicity, which strongly influences the lattice‐coupled phase transitions in charge and spin degrees of freedom. However, previous methods of manipulating phonons have been limited to controlling the periodicity of superlattice, rather than utilizing complex mutual interactions that are prominent in transition metal oxides. In this study on oxide superlattices composed of ferromagnetic metallic SrRuO3 and quantum paraelectric SrTiO3, phonon modulation by controlling the geometry of superlattice in atomic‐scale precision is realized, demonstrating the coherent phonon engineering using structural and magnetic phase transitions. By modulating the interface density, coherent‐incoherent crossover of the phonon transport at room temperature is observed, which is coupled with a change in interfacial structural continuity. Upon cooling, the close relation between phonon transport and multiple phase transitions is identified. In particular, the enhancement of the polar state in SrTiO3 layer at ≈200 K leads to the weakening of phonon coherence and a further reduction of thermal conductivity in superlattices compared to the bulk limit. These findings provide a guide to developing future thermoelectric nanodevices by engineering the coherence of phonons via the design of complex oxide heterostructures.
Unveiling the Mechanism of Deprotonation and Proton Transfer of DNA Polymerase Catalysis via Single‐Molecule Conductance
Authors: Zhao Lihua , Xu Yang , Yang Zhiheng , Liu Wenzhe , Zhong Shichao , Bai Jingwei , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDNA polymerases (Pols) play important roles in the transmission of genetic information. Although the function and (de)regulation of Pols are linked to many human diseases, the key mechanism of 3′‐OH deprotonation and the PPi formation are not totally clear. In this work, a method is presented to detect the full catalytic cycle of human Pol (hPol β) in graphene‐molecule‐graphene single‐molecule junctions. Real‐time in situ monitoring successfully revealed the spatial and temporal properties of the open and closed conformation states of hPol β, distinguishing the reaction states in the Pols catalytic cycle and unveiling 3′‐OH deprotonation and pyrophosphate (PPi) formation mechanism of hPol β. Proton inventory experiment demonstrated that the rate‐limiting step of PPi formation is deprotonation, which occurs before a reverse conformational change. Additionally, by detecting the acidity (pKa), it is found that MgA‐bound OH− acted as a general base and activated the nucleophile of 3′‐OH, and that acidic residue D190 or D192 coordinated with MgB as a proton donor to PPi. This work provides useful insights into a fundamental chemical reaction that impacts genome synthesis efficiency and Pol fidelity, which the discovery of Pol‐targeting drugs and design of artificial Pols for DNA synthetic applications are expected to accelerated.
Enantioselective Assembly of Fully Substituted α‐Amino Allenoates Through a Mannich Addition and Stepwise [3,3]‐σ Rearrangement Sequence
Authors: Yuan Haoxuan , Zhou Yi , Xie Xiongda , Bao Ming , Chen Kewei , Hong Kemiao , Yu Zhixiang , Xu Xinfang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChiral fully‐substituted allenes are synthetically significant and pivotal building blocks that can engage in diverse transformations toward a variety of bioactive molecules. The enantioselective assembly of these skeletons using readily available reactants offers significant advantages but remains challenging. Herein, an asymmetric formal Michael‐type addition of alkynyl imines with the key alkylgold intermediates derived in situ from N‐propargylamides is accomplished under gold‐complex and chiral quinine‐derived squaramide (QN‐SQA) synergetic catalysis. Control experiments and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that this cascade reaction involves a Mannich‐type addition and stepwise [3,3]‐σ rearrangement sequence, leading to the fully substituted α‐amino allenoates, which are elusive and take multi‐step to prepare with other methods, in high yields and excellent enantioselectivity.
Ultrawide Spectrum Metallic Plane Blackbody with Extremely High Absorption from 0.2 to 25 µm
Authors: Qi Jin‐Yong , Liu Xue‐Qing , Liu Zi‐Jian , Zhang Xin , Li Chao , Chen Qi‐Dai , Wang Lei , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA plane blackbody serves as a standard radiation source, providing a precise quantitative relationship between input radiation and the output of infrared detectors, which is essential component of space infrared remote sensing instruments. However, current plane blackbodies fabricated by coating or surface structuring are unable to achieve uniform and stable high absorption in the ultrawide spectral range spanning the UV‐VIS‐NIR‐MIR. Here, a femtosecond laser “V”‐ scanning method is proposed for the fabrication of cross‐scale multi‐layered micro‐ and nanocomposite structures on copper surfaces to realize ultrawide spectrum metallic plane blackbody with high absorption. The structures consist of a micrometer cone‐tip structure with a depth‐to‐width ratio of 7:1 (period 30 µm, depth 210 µm), an oxide layer with a thickness of more than 2 µm, and nanoparticles of different sizes, achieving uniform high absorption rates exceeding 99% in the localized spectral range of 400–700 nm and over 98% from the UV to MIR range of 200 nm to 25 µm. This strategy offers a generalized approach to enhance surface light absorption, with significant application potential in infrared calibration, passive radiation cooling, and stray light suppression.
Multihybridization for Enhancing Fe‐Ni Bimetal Electrocatalyst in Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , Zhou Hao , Wang Hua , Wang Yikai , Yang Xuehan , Wu Dan , Yuan Pan , He Maoshuai , Wei Wenxian , Yang Tao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWater electrolysis holds the promise of transforming electric‐power into hydrogen energy through a carbon free process and its widespread application highly depends on anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) efficiency. Transition metal‐based OER catalysts meet the requirements of long‐term development for cost effectiveness, and their performance can be improved by a variety of band electronic structure modulating methods. Herein, a multihybridization strategy is proposed, i.e., p‐d, s‐sp, and d‐d hybridization are emphasized together, which guides the design of an effective vanadium (V), boron (B)‐FeNiP catalyst. Density functional theory analysis reveals the existence of multihybridization and the difference between Fe and Ni in terms of hybridization strength, band configuration, and interfacial charge transfer. Specially, Fe and Ni sites are simultaneously optimized to their highest performance upon the dual B, V incorporation. As a result, the VB‐FeNiP catalyst displays outstanding OER performance, regarding a Tafel slope of 57.64 mV dec−1, an overpotential of 175 mV at 100 mA cm−2, and exceptional stability. Here the synergistic effect of multihybridization in the design of transition metal‐based catalysts is highlighted and the work in pursuit of effective way based on regulating band configuration to developing high performance OER catalysts would be evoked.
Strain‐Engineered Ir Shell Enhances Activity and Stability of Ir‐Ru Catalysts for Water Electrolysis: An Operando Wide‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering Study
Authors: Hrbek Tomáš , Kúš Peter , Drnec Jakub , Mirolo Marta , Nedumkulam Hridya , Martens Isaac , Nováková Jaroslava , Skála Tomáš , Matolínová Iva 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIr‐Ru alloys with high Ru content serve as stable and highly active catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEM‐WEs), enabling efficient operation with low Ir loadings (150 µg cm−2). Despite this, the mechanisms behind their enhanced stability remain unclear. In this study, operando Wide‐Angle X‐ray Scattering (WAXS) and ex situ techniques are utilized to investigate the structural evolution of these magnetron‐sputtered alloys during a PEM‐WE operation. The findings reveal that Ru leaches from the surface upon potential application, forming a dynamic Ir‐Ru@IrOx core‐shell structure. The Ir shell, strained by the Ir‐Ru core, maintains a lower oxidation state than pure Ir catalyst, leading to superior catalytic activity and stability. Remarkably, the Ir‐Ru 25:75 catalyst demonstrates better stability over Ir‐Ru 50:50, despite its higher Ru content, due to the better protection of the subsurface Ir and Ru from oxidation and dissolution. This study not only clarifies the performance‐enhancing mechanisms of Ir‐Ru catalysts but also suggests that other, more economical materials, such as Co or Ti, could serve as effective cores in Ir‐M systems, offering a pathway to more cost‐effective catalysts for PEM‐WE applications.