bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterial chylous ascites: report of three cases and systematic review
Authors: Mallick Bipadabhanjan , Mandavdhare Harshal S. , Aggarwal Sourabh , Singh Harjeet , Dutta Usha , Sharma Vishal 
Published: May 2018

Background: Chylous ascites is an uncommon presentation of mycobacterial infection. Methods: We report three cases of tubercular chylous ascites, and in addition, we performed a systematic review of the published literature for the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of mycobacterial chylous ascites. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for the systematic review. Results: A total of 33 cases (including three of ours) were included. The mean age of the reported cases was 32.54 ± 17.56 years, and a male predominance (76%) was noted. The predominant clinical features were abdominal distension, abdominal pain, fever and loss of appetite and weight. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAC) infection were responsible for 16 and 15 cases, respectively. All patients with MAC related chylous ascites had HIV infection. The mechanisms were related to lymph nodal enlargement, constrictive pericarditis and remote scrofuloderma. Overall, there was 29% mortality. Use of anti-mycobacterial therapy with use of total parenteral nutrition, octreotide and medium chain triglyceride-based diet resulted in improvement in the rest of the cases. The cause of death in our case was anti-tubercular therapy-induced hepatitis; three deaths were due to disseminated mycobacterial infection, one due to cardiopulmonary failure and unknown in four patients. Conclusion: Chylous ascites due to mycobacterial infection is uncommon and associated with poor outcome. However, early diagnosis and nutritional management along with antimycobacterial therapy can improve outcome.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognosis of language outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Brignell Amanda , Morgan Angela T , Woolfenden Susan , Klopper Felicity , May Tamara , Sarkozy Vanessa , Williams Katrina 
Published: May 2018

Background Language difficulties are common in autism spectrum disorder, yet little is known about the prognosis of language in children with autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this study was to systematically review studies reporting language outcomes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Method A comprehensive search strategy with a well-established sensitive prognosis filter for Medline, adapted for five other databases, was used. Included studies observed individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder for ≥12 months and had ≥30 participants. Risk of bias was assessed. Results Fifty-four studies (N = 5064) met inclusion criteria. Language outcomes were standardised assessments (n = 35), notation of presence/absence of verbal language (n = 11) or both (n = 8). Age at baseline ranged from 17 months to 26 years, duration of follow-up from 1 to 38 years. Most publications (92%) were rated medium to high risk of bias. In all but one study individuals had below-average scores at baseline and follow-up. However, in most (n = 24/25; 96%) studies reporting standard scores, individuals (aged ≤ 11 years at follow-up) progressed at a comparable rate to age-expected norms or demonstrated some ‘catch up’ over time. Meta-analyses found mean standard scores increased over time in three language domains (composite receptive language, composite expressive language and adaptive language). Nineteen to thirty percent of children aged five years and under gained verbal language. For children aged over five years 5–32% gained verbal language over the course of study. Age, baseline language scores, IQ and length of follow-up did not moderate between study differences in composite language or adaptive language growth or the acquisition of verbal language. Conclusion Despite variability in study methods, findings were consistent, with the majority of studies reporting children under 11 years on average progressed at a comparable rate to age-expected norms or with some ‘catchup’ over time. Implications This review provides synthesised information for families and clinicians on language development over time and on language outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Such information can be useful for prognostic counselling and may assist planning around future resources and support needs. This review also makes recommendations regarding methodology for future studies so that prognosis can become more fine-tuned at an individual level.
Delamanid for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a retrospective study from South Africa
Authors: Mohr Erika , Hughes Jennifer , Reuter Anja , Trivino Duran Laura , Ferlazzo Gabriella , Daniels Johnny , De Azevedo Virginia , Kock Yulene , Steele Sarah Jane , Shroufi Amir , Ade Serge , Alikhanova Natavan , Benedetti Guido , Edwards Jeffrey , Cox Helen , Furin Jennifer , Isaakidis Petros 
Published: May 2018

Experience with delamanid (Dlm) is limited, particularly among HIV-positive individuals. We describe early efficacy and safety data from a programmatic setting in South Africa.This was a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving Dlm-containing treatment regimens between November 2015 and August 2017. We report 12-month interim outcomes, sputum culture conversion (SCC) by months 2 and 6, serious adverse events (SAEs) and QT intervals corrected using the Frederica formula (QTcF).Overall, 103 patients were initiated on Dlm; 79 (77%) were HIV positive. The main indication for Dlm was intolerance to second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs (n=58, 56%). There were 12 months of follow-up for 46 patients; 28 (61%) had a favourable outcome (cure, treatment completion or culture negativity). Positive cultures were found for 57 patients at Dlm initiation; 16 out of 31 (52%) had SCC within 2 months and 25 out of 31 (81%) within 6 months. There were 67 SAEs reported in 29 patients (28%). There were four instances of QTcF prolongation >500 ms in two patients (2%), leading to permanent discontinuation in one case; however, no cardiac arrhythmias occurred.This large cohort of difficult-to-treat patients receiving Dlm for rifampicin-resistant TB treatment in a programmatic setting with high HIV prevalence had favourable early treatment response and tolerated treatment well. Dlm should remain available, particularly for those who cannot be treated with conventional regimens or with limited treatment options.
Management appropriateness and outcomes of patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Jiménez David , Bikdeli Behnood , Barrios Deisy , Morillo Raquel , Nieto Rosa , Guerassimova Ina , Muriel Alfonso , Jara-Palomares Luis , Moores Lisa , Tapson Victor , Yusen Roger D. , Monreal Manuel 
Published: May 2018

The impact of adherence to published guidelines on the outcomes of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) has not been well defined by previous studies.In this prospective cohort study of patients admitted to a respiratory department (n=2096), we evaluated whether patients with PE had better outcomes if they were acutely managed according to international guidelines. Outcomes consisted of all-cause mortality, PE-related mortality, recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major bleeding events during the first month of follow-up after diagnosis.Overall, 408 patients (19% (95% CI 18–21%)) did not receive guideline-adherent PE management. Patients receiving non-adherent management were significantly more likely to experience all-cause mortality (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.39 (95% CI 1.57–3.61) or PE-related mortality (adjusted OR 5.02 (95% CI 2.42–10.42); p<0.001) during follow-up. Non-adherent management was also a significant independent predictor of recurrent VTE (OR 2.19 (95% CI 1.11–4.32); p=0.03) and major bleeding (OR 2.65 (95% CI 1.66–4.24); p<0.001). An external validation cohort of 34 380 patients with PE from the RIETE registry confirmed these findings.PE management that does not adhere to guidelines for indications related to anticoagulation, thrombolytics and inferior vena cava filters is associated with worse patient outcomes.
Reductions in dead space ventilation with nasal high flow depend on physiological dead space volume: metabolic hood measurements during sleep in patients with COPD and controls
Authors: Biselli Paolo , Fricke Kathrin , Grote Ludger , Braun Andrew T. , Kirkness Jason , Smith Philip , Schwartz Alan , Schneider Hartmut 
Published: May 2018

Nasal high flow (NHF) reduces minute ventilation and ventilatory loads during sleep but the mechanisms are not clear. We hypothesised NHF reduces ventilation in proportion to physiological but not anatomical dead space.11 subjects (five controls and six chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients) underwent polysomnography with transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring under a metabolic hood. During stable non-rapid eye movement stage 2 sleep, subjects received NHF (20 L·min−1) intermittently for periods of 5–10 min. We measured CO2production and calculated dead space ventilation.Controls and COPD patients responded similarly to NHF. NHF reduced minute ventilation (from 5.6±0.4 to 4.8±0.4 L·min−1; p<0.05) and tidal volume (from 0.34±0.03 to 0.3±0.03 L; p<0.05) without a change in energy expenditure, transcutaneous CO2or alveolar ventilation. There was a significant decrease in dead space ventilation (from 2.5±0.4 to 1.6±0.4 L·min−1; p<0.05), but not in respiratory rate. The reduction in dead space ventilation correlated with baseline physiological dead space fraction (r2=0.36; p<0.05), but not with respiratory rate or anatomical dead space volume.During sleep, NHF decreases minute ventilation due to an overall reduction in dead space ventilation in proportion to the extent of baseline physiological dead space fraction.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effects of CREB1 gene silencing on cognitive dysfunction by mediating PKA-CREB signaling pathway in mice with vascular dementia
Authors: Han Xin-Rui , Wen Xin , Wang Yong-Jian , Wang Shan , Shen Min , Zhang Zi-Feng , Fan Shao-Hua , Shan Qun , Wang Liang , Li Meng-Qiu , Hu Bin , Sun Chun-Hui , Wu Dong-Mei , Lu Jun , Zheng Yuan-Lin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background
As a form of dementia primarily affecting the elderly, vascular dementia (VD) is characterized by changes in the supply of blood to the brain, resulting in cognitive impairment. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects involved with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding (CREB)1 gene silencing on cognitive dysfunction through meditation of the protein kinase A (PKA)-CREB signaling pathway in mice with VD.

Methods
Both the Morris water maze test and the step down test were applied to assess the cognitive function of the mice with VD. Immunohistochemical and TUNEL staining techniques were employed to evaluate the positive expression rates of the protein CREB1 and Cleaved Caspase-3, as well as neuronal apoptosis among hippocampal tissues in a respective manner. Flow cytometry was applied to determine the proliferation index and apoptosis rate of the hippocampal cells among each group. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis methods were applied to detect the expressions of cAMP, PKA and CREB in hippocampal cells.

Results
Compared with the normal group, all the other groups exhibited impaired cognitive function, reduced cell numbers in the CAI area, positive expressions of CREB1 as well as positive optical density (OD) values. Furthermore, increased Cleaved Caspase-3 positive expression, OD value, proliferation index, apoptosis rate of hippocampal cells and neurons, were observed in the other groups when compared with the normal group, as well as lower expressions of cAMP, PKA and CREB1 and p-CREB1 (the shCREB1–1, H89 and shCREB1–1 + H89 groups < the VD group).

Conclusion
The key findings of the present study demonstrated that CREB1 gene silencing results in aggravated VD that occurs as a result of inhibiting the PKA-CREB signaling pathway, thus exasperating cognitive dysfunction.
Studying meiotic cohesin in somatic cells reveals that Rec8-containing cohesin requires Stag3 to function and is regulated by Wapl and sororin
Authors: Wolf Peter G. , Cuba Ramos Alexander , Kenzel Julia , Neumann Brigitte , Stemmann Olaf 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
The DNA-embracing, ring-shaped multiprotein complex cohesin mediates sister chromatid cohesion and is stepwise displaced in mitosis by Wapl and separase (also known as ESPL1) to facilitate anaphase. Proper regulation of chromosome cohesion throughout meiosis is critical for preventing formation of aneuploid gametes, which are associated with trisomies and infertility in humans. Studying cohesion in meiocytes is complicated by their difficult experimental amenability and the absence of cohesin turnover. Here, we use cultured somatic cells to unravel fundamental aspects of meiotic cohesin. When expressed in Hek293 cells, the kleisin Rec8 displays no affinity for the peripheral cohesin subunits Stag1 or Stag2 and remains cytoplasmic. However, co-expression of Stag3 is sufficient for Rec8 to enter the nucleus, load onto chromatin, and functionally replace its mitotic counterpart Scc1 (also known as RAD21) during sister chromatid cohesion and dissolution. Rec8–Stag3 cohesin physically interacts with Pds5, Wapl and sororin (also known as CDCA5). Importantly, Rec8–Stag3 cohesin is shown to be susceptible to Wapl-dependent ring opening and sororin-mediated protection. These findings exemplify that our model system is suitable to rapidly generate testable predictions for important unresolved issues of meiotic cohesion regulation.
Constituição, Soberania e Mercosul
Authors: Rocha Cármen Lúcia Antunes 
Published: May 2018

Introdução. I - O constitucionalismo contemporâneo: sentido e funções da Constituição. II - Constituição e direito supranacional. III - Constituição e Soberania no Direito Brasileiro. IV - A Constituição da República Brasileira e o Mercosul. Conclusão.
Responsabilidade dos agentes públicos por condutas omissivas, após a vigência do Código de Defesa do Consumidor
Authors: Tomelin Georghio Alessandro 
Published: May 2018

1 - Introdução. 2 - Dignidade da pessoa humana e estado de direito. 3 - O estado democrático de direito e a responsabilização. 4 - Fundamento da responsabilização e dever de indenizar. 5 - A responsabilidade por atos omissivos. 6 - Conclusão. 7 - Bibliografia.
Servidor inativo - Gratificação - Incorporação
Authors: Santos Roberto Monteiro Gurgel 
Published: May 2018

- Servidores inativos da Secretaria de Fazenda. Gratificação de gestão e controle do erário estadual (GECE). Lei complementar paulista n. 700/92.- Vantagem remuneratória deferida, de forma geral, às categorias de servidores lotados na Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado; não configurando, nem gratificação de serviço, que contempla servidores que trabalham em condições anormais de segurança, de salubridade ou de horário; nem gratificação pessoal. deferida a servidores sujeitos a encargos pessoais especificados em lei. Tampouco se trata de vantagem que tenha por pressuposto requisito que, forçosamente, somente na atividade. a partir de determinado momento projetado no futuro, possa vir a ser preenchido.- Manifesta ofensa ao art. 40, § 4º, da CF.Recurso conhecido e provido.
Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade - Entidade de classe - Associação de Associações
Authors: Nóbrega Haroldo Ferraz da 
Published: May 2018

- O Plenário desta Corte, em julgados recentíssimos (assim, a título exemplificativo, nas ADINs 23, 1.138 e 1.159), firmou o entendimento de que a requerente não é entidade de classe por se tratar de associação de associações, não tendo, portanto, legitimidade para propor ação direta de inconstitucionalidade.- Ação direta de inconstitucionalidade de que não se conhece por falta de legitimidade da requerente para propô-la.
Costume - Crueldade - Farra do Boi
Authors: Borges Edinaldo de Holanda 
Published: May 2018

- Costume. Manifestação cultural. Estímulo. Razoabilidade. Preservação da Fauna e da Flora. Animais. Crueldade. A obrigação de o Estado garantir a todos o pleno exercício de direitos culturais, incentivando a valorização e a difusão das manifestações, não prescinde da observância da norma do inciso VII do artigo 225 da Constituição Federal, no que veda prática que acabe por submeter os animais à crueldade. Procedimento discrepante da norma constitucional denominado 'farra do boi".
Sanções administrativas ambientais
Authors: Lazzarini Álvaro 
Published: May 2018

1. Considerações Gerais. 2. Direito Ambiental e Poder de Polícia. 3. Polícia Administrativa Ambiental e Polícia Judiciária Ambiental. 4. Sanções Administrativas Ambientais. 5. Conclusão.
Legislação brasileira sobre garantias para as concessões
Authors: Azevedo Eurico de Andrade 
Published: May 2018

1. O Problema Legal - 2. Por que a aplicação subsidiária da Lei 8.666/93? - 3. A Interpretação Literal - 4. A Lógica do Sistema - 5. A Lógica do Razoável- 6. Fins Sociais da Lei e exigências do bem comum.
Taxa - Autarquia - Lei autorizativa
Authors: Nóbrega Haroldo Ferraz da 
Published: May 2018

- Ação direta de inconstitucionalidade. Artigos 5º, 8º, 9º, 10, 13, § 1º, e 14 da Portaria n. 113, de 25.09.97, do IBAMA.- Normas por meio das quais a autarquia, sem lei que o autorizasse, instituiu taxa para registro de pessoas físicas e jurídicas no Cadastro Técnico Federal de Atividades Potencialmente Poluidoras ou Utilizadoras de Recursos Ambientais, e estabeleceu sanções para a hipótese de inobservância de requisitos impostos aos constituintes, com ofensa ao princípio da legalidade estrita que disciplina, não apenas o direito de exigir tributo, mas também o direito de punir.- Plausibilidade dos fundamentos do pedido, aliada à conveniência de pronta suspensão da eficácia dos dispositivos impugnados.- Cautelar deferida.
Órgão social autônomo - Licitação - Regulamento próprio
Authors: Ghisi Adhemar Paladini 
Published: May 2018

- Os órgãos sociais autônomos não estão sujeitos à Lei n. 8.666/93, mas aos seus regulamentos próprios. que devem estar em perfeita consonância com os princípios constitucionais consignados no artigo 37 da Constituição Federal.- A celebração de convênios deve manter perfeita consonância com os princípios constitucionais de finalidade e impessoalidade.
Validity and reliability of the Thai version of the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist: A two-phase diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Sunakarach Kanitha , Kessomboon Pattapong 
Published: May 2018

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (Thai-ATEC); a tool which has been developed for Thai parents and caregivers who have children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Approval for this study was first obtained from the appropriate Ethics committee and from the original Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) developers. This was a two-phase study. Phase 1 consisted of the forward–backward translation of the ATEC and phase 2 included the testing of psychometric properties, i.e. the validity and reliability of the final draft of the tool. The validity of the tool was assessed by comparing Thai-ATEC scores of parents and caregivers of 160 children with ASD with the assessment of a child and adolescent psychiatrist using DSM-V criteria on the same group of children. The inter-rater reliability of the tool was tested using a two-way model of intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for two-parent/caregivers’ assessment of 50 children with ASD. Results: The validity of the Thai-ATEC was moderate to high. A cut-off point of ≤38 scores was used to distinguish between children with ASD with mild symptoms and the rest of the children (sensitivity = 94%, specificity= 61.9%, and the area under ROC curve = 90%). A cut-off point of ≥68 scores was used to distinguish between children with ASD with a severe degree of symptoms and the rest (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 62.8%, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 85%). The inter-rater reliability was very strong (ICC = 0.97). Conclusions: The Thai-ATEC has moderate to high validity and high reliability.
Impact of detecting potentially serious incidental findings during multi-modal imaging
Authors: Gibson Lorna M , Littlejohns Thomas J , Adamska Ligia , Garratt Steve , Doherty Nicola ,   UK Biobank Imaging Working Group, Wardlaw Joanna M , Maskell Giles , Parker Michael , Brownsword Roger , Matthews Paul M , Collins Rory , Allen Naomi E , Sellors Jonathan , Sudlow Cathie LM 
Published: May 2018

Background: There are limited data on the impact of feedback of incidental findings (IFs) from research imaging. We evaluated the impact of UK Biobank’s protocol for handling potentially serious IFs in a multi-modal imaging study of 100,000 participants (radiographer ‘flagging’ with radiologist confirmation of potentially serious IFs) compared with systematic radiologist review of all images. Methods: Brain, cardiac and body magnetic resonance, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans from the first 1000 imaged UK Biobank participants were independently assessed for potentially serious IFs using both protocols. We surveyed participants with potentially serious IFs and their GPs up to six months after imaging to determine subsequent clinical assessments, final diagnoses, emotional, financial and work or activity impacts. Results: Compared to systematic radiologist review, radiographer flagging resulted in substantially fewer participants with potentially serious IFs (179/1000 [17.9%] versus 18/1000 [1.8%]) and a higher proportion with serious final diagnoses (21/179 [11.7%] versus 5/18 [27.8%]). Radiographer flagging missed 16/21 serious final diagnoses (i.e., false negatives), while systematic radiologist review generated large numbers of non-serious final diagnoses (158/179) (i.e., false positives). Almost all (90%) participants had further clinical assessment (including invasive procedures in similar numbers with serious and non-serious final diagnoses [11 and 12 respectively]), with additional impact on emotional wellbeing (16.9%), finances (8.9%), and work or activities (5.6%). Conclusions: Compared with systematic radiologist review, radiographer flagging missed some serious diagnoses, but avoided adverse impacts for many participants with non-serious diagnoses. While systematic radiologist review may benefit some participants, UK Biobank’s responsibility to avoid both unnecessary harm to larger numbers of participants and burdening of publicly-funded health services suggests that radiographer flagging is a justifiable approach in the UK Biobank imaging study. The potential scale of non-serious final diagnoses raises questions relating to handling IFs in other settings, such as commercial and public health screening.
Going postal: Collapsing time and space through sung letters in Broadway musicals
Authors: Knapp Zelda , Knapp Raymond 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The device of using sung letters as a means to collapse time and space in Broadway musicals has come into increasing prominence in recent years, long after its first important emergence on the 1960s Broadway stage and following intermittent use during the decades since. Choosing from many examples of the device, this article explores its appearances in She Loves Me (1963), 1776 (1969), Passion (1994), Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812 (2012, 2013 and 2016), Hamilton (2015) and Dear Evan Hansen (2015 and 2016). The article also considers sung letters and other manipulations of temporality in Sondheim’s Company, Follies, A Little Night Music, Pacific Overtures and Assassins, and relates the device to the recent symbiosis between Broadway and film, to the theatre’s need for dramatic intensifiers, and to the expression of individual agency. Its progress may also be sketched, in broad strokes, as occurring somewhere between ‘Telephone Hour’ in Bye Bye Birdie (1960) and the telephone’s latter-day equivalent, the Internet-based social media that govern the central drama of Dear Evan Hansen and define the receptive milieu of recent Broadway more generally.