bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are acceptance and commitment therapy-based interventions effective for reducing burnout in direct-care staff? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Reeve Andy , Tickle Anna , Moghaddam Nima 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Work-related stress amongst staff working in direct care roles in mental health and intellectual disability settings is associated with a range of problematic outcomes. There has been a proliferation of research into the use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based interventions in this staff population. The purpose of this paper is to review the extant literature.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic search of the literature was conducted, and seven studies identified which met the criteria for inclusion in the review, of which four were eligible for meta-analysis.

Findings
Results of the meta-analysis were most convincing for the effectiveness of ACT-interventions to reduce psychological distress within a subgroup of those with higher distress at baseline. There was no statistically significant effect for the amelioration of burnout, nor for an increase in psychological flexibility (a key ACT construct).

Research limitations/implications
Conceptual issues are considered including the purpose and treatment targets of ACT interventions, such as supporting valued living rather than diminishing stress per se. Methodological issues are discussed around the measurement of psychological flexibility.

Originality/value
This review makes recommendations for future research and for the implementation of ACT-interventions for work-related stress in these settings.
To err is human: medication patient safety in aged care, a case study
Authors: Gilbert Julia , Kim Jeong-ah 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore an identified medication error using a root cause analysis and a clinical case study.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper the authors explore a medication error through the completion of a root cause analysis and case study in an aged care facility.

Findings
Research indicates that medication errors are highly prevalent in aged care and 40 per cent of nursing home patients are regularly receiving at least one potentially inappropriate medicine (Hamilton, 2009; Raban et al., 2014; Shehab et al., 2016). Insufficient patient information, delays in continuing medications, poor communication, the absence of an up-to-date medication chart and missed or significantly delayed doses are all linked to medication errors (Dwyer et al., 2014). Strategies to improve medication management across hospitalisation to medication administration include utilisation of a computerised medication prescription and management system, pharmacist review, direct communication of discharge medication documentation to community pharmacists and staff education and support (Dolanski et al., 2013).

Originality/value
Discussion of the factors impacting on medication errors within aged care facilities may explain why they are prevalent and serve as a basis for strategies to improve medication management and facilitate further research on this topic.
Empirical test of the native–nonnative distinction: Native and nonnative assemblages of Anolis lizards are similar in morphology and phylogeny
Authors: Poe Steven , Latella Ian M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Nonnative (“invasive,” “exotic,” “naturalized”) species frequently are vilified. However, some philosophers and ecologists have questioned whether nonnative species and assemblages are objectively, ahistorically identifiable as different entities relative to native species and assemblages, once selection biases are taken into account.

We used an unprecedented dataset of morphology, phylogeny and assemblage content for 336 species of Anolis lizard to compare morphological and phylogenetic characteristics of variability and central tendency between native assemblages and those that include nonnative species.

Equivalence tests demonstrated significant similarity between native and nonnative assemblages in trait variability, phylogenetic dispersion and mean trait values except for body size; logistic and zero‐inflated regression failed to distinguish native and nonnative assemblages. For most traits, similarity was not due to assemblages being structured randomly but rather to both native and nonnative assemblages including similar species.

Without historical information, a naïve observer would be unable to identify Anolis assemblages as native or nonnative based on morphological assemblage structure or most mean assemblage trait values, but would have some success categorizing assemblages based on average body size of species in the assemblage.

Significant phylogenetic and morphological clustering in native assemblages likely reflects source pools composed of close relatives that share traits, as well as some environmental filtering effects; the slightly less phylogenetically clustered but equally morphologically clustered nonnative assemblages are less constrained to proximal source pools but still probably subject to filtering. Differences between native and nonnative assemblages in mean body size likely reflect assemblage youth. The ontological status of nonnative species is discussed in the light of these results.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Development and Validation of a Measure to Assess Patients’ Threat Perceptions in the Emergency Department
Authors: Cornelius Talea , Agarwal Sachin , Garcia Othanya , Chaplin William , Edmondson Donald , Chang Bernard P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThreat perceptions in the emergency department (ED; e.g., patients’ subjective feelings of helplessness or lack of control) during evaluation for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are associated with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PTSD has been associated with medication nonadherence, cardiac event recurrence, and mortality. This study reports the development and validation of a seven‐item measure of ED threat perceptions in English‐ and Spanish‐speaking patients evaluated for ACS.MethodsParticipants were drawn from an observational cohort study of 1,000 patients evaluated for ACS between 2013 and 2016 in a large New York City hospital. Participants reported on threat perceptions in the ED and during inpatient stay (using 12 items previously identified as predictive of PTSD) and reported on cardiac‐induced PTSD 1 month postdischarge. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to establish the factor structure and test measurement invariance. Validity and reliability were examined, as was the association of ED threat perceptions with cardiac‐induced PTSD.ResultsFactor analyses identified a seven‐item measure of ED threat perceptions (e.g., “I feel helpless,” “I am worried that I am going to die”) for both English‐ and Spanish‐speaking patients. ED threat perceptions demonstrated convergent validity, correlating with ED stress and ED crowdedness (r = 0.29 and r = 0.14), good internal consistency (α = 0.82), and stability (r = 0.61). Threat perceptions were associated with cardiac‐induced acute stress at inpatient and PTSD symptoms at 1 month (r = 0.43 and r = 0.39).ConclusionsThis brief tool assessing ED threat perceptions has clinical utility for providers to identify patients at risk for developing cardiac‐induced PTSD and is critical to inform research on whether threat may be modified in‐ED to reduce PTSD incidence.
Index serum hyaluronic acid independently and accurately predicts mortality in patients with liver disease
Authors: Plevris N. , Sinha R. , Hay A. W. , McDonald N. , Plevris J. N. , Hayes P. C. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundHyaluronic acid is a recognised noninvasive marker of liver fibrosis. However, its prognostic ability has not been extensively studied.AimsTo investigate the ability of an index serum hyaluronic acid measurement to independently predict transplant‐free survival in patients with liver disease of varying aetiology and severity.MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐centre cohort study. Serum hyaluronic acid was measured at the discretion of the attending clinicians, in patients attending the liver clinic, to assess disease severity. Patients with a hyaluronic acid measurement between 1995 and 2010 were identified. Patient characteristics at the point of hyaluronic acid measurement were recorded from medical records. Follow‐up was from date of index hyaluronic acid measurement to date of death, date of transplant or censor date (July 01, 2015). Primary outcomes were all‐cause and liver‐related mortality. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare survival in 3 patient groups with hyaluronic acid levels of <100 μg/L, 100‐300 μg/L and >300 μg/L. Survival models were constructed using Cox proportional hazard and prediction accuracy was assessed by Harrell's C‐statistic.ResultsFive hundred and eighty nine patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. Median follow‐up was 5.6 years (range 0.1‐19.7). Transplant‐free survival was significantly different between patients with hyaluronic acid <100 μg/L, 100‐300 μg/L and >300 μg/L for liver‐related as well as all‐cause mortality (P < 0.001). Hyaluronic acid level was an independent predictor of survival (liver‐related: HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.20‐1.60, P < 0.001; all‐cause: HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02‐1.06, P = 0.001). The liver‐related prediction accuracy of hyaluronic acid was 0.74 (Standard error 0.03).ConclusionIndex hyaluronic acid measurement can accurately and independently predict liver‐related and all‐cause mortality in patients with liver disease.
Therapeutic drug monitoring‐guided definition of adherence profiles in resistant hypertension and identification of predictors of poor adherence
Authors: Avataneo Valeria , De Nicolò Amedeo , Rabbia Franco , Perlo Elisa , Burrello Jacopo , Berra Elena , Pappaccogli Marco , Cusato Jessica , D'Avolio Antonio , Di Perri Giovanni , Veglio Franco 
Published: July 2018

AimsArterial hypertension is an important cardiovascular risk factor. A substantial proportion of patients show resistance to antihypertensive treatment but poor adherence to medication regimens is also a significant cause of treatment failure. In this context, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be useful. The objective of this study was to assess adherence to treatment in patients with resistant hypertension by TDM and to identify parameters that predict nonadherence.MethodsLiquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify a wide panel of antihypertensive drugs in human plasma to assess treatment compliance.Associations between TDM‐determined adherence profiles, self‐reported adherence and other patient‐related clinical, anthropometric or demographic features were evaluated as potentially useful pre‐TDM predictors of poor adherence.ResultsTDM was performed on 50 patients with suspected resistant hypertension: 24% of patients partially complied to treatment and 18% were nonadherent. No concordance was observed with questionnaire results, while nonadherence was associated with high diastolic blood pressure, high heart rate, previous onset of stroke and previous use of invasive treatments, including renal denervation or baroreceptor stimulation.ConclusionsThis evidence highlights the high prevalence of poor adherence in patients with resistant hypertension and the need for caution in using invasive approaches. These preliminary data require validation in a larger cohort, to confirm the need for TDM in routine clinical practice.
Cryptotanshinone Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation through the Regulation of Nrf‐2 and NF‐κB in Mice with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Xiao , Zhang Xian‐sheng , Liang Chao‐zhao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOxidative stress and inflammatory responses are closely implicated in the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis, thereby leading to chronic kidney disease. Cryptotanshinone (CTS) is a natural compound involved in antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. We evaluated the effects of CTS on inflammation and oxidative stress in obstructed kidneys. Mice received gastric gavage of CTS from 7 days before unilateral ureteral obstruction operation to 1 week after surgery. Administration of CTS at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day significantly decreased collagen production, as shown by Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry staining and RT‐PCR confirmed that CTS reduced extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin and collagen‐1, in the obstructed kidneys in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry staining indicated that CTS inhibited infiltration of the macrophage (CD68‐positive) and lymphocyte (CD3‐positive) cells, which were associated with the suppression of the nuclear factor‐κB signalling activation. CTS increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione while decreased malondialdehyde production. More importantly, CTS activated Nrf‐2 and HO‐1 in the obstructed kidneys for 7 days. CTS could protect renal interstitial fibrosis by ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress, which might be through the regulation of NF‐κB and Nrf‐2/HO‐1 signalling pathways.
Collective Action, Business Cleavages and the Politics of Control: Segmentalism in the Swiss Skill Formation System
Authors: Emmenegger Patrick , Seitzl Lina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCollective skill formation systems have come under sustained pressure in recent years. Scholars observe a fragmentation process, which is the result of changing power relations, putting large training firms in a dominant position. However, so far the literature has examined neither the role of small firms and intermediary associations nor the source of power of the various business actors. In this case study, we ask: If business is pivotal, but divided, who prevails and why? We find that the availability of credible exit options and the ability to act collectively determines the degree of influence of the various business actors.
Selegiline reduces adiposity induced by high‐fat, high‐sucrose diet in male rats
Authors: Nagy Csilla Terézia , Koncsos Gábor , Varga Zoltán V , Baranyai Tamás , Tuza Sebestyén , Kassai Ferenc , Ernyey Aliz Judit , Gyertyán István , Király Kornél , Oláh Attila , Radovits Tamás , Merkely Béla , Bukosza Nóra , Szénási Gábor , Hamar Péter , Mathé Domokos , Szigeti Krisztián , Pelyhe Csilla , Jelemenský Marek , Onódi Zsófia , Helyes Zsuzsanna , Schulz Rainer , Giricz Zoltán , Ferdinandy Péter 
Published: July 2018

Background and PurposeIncidence and severity of obesity are increasing worldwide, however, efficient and safe pharmacological treatments are not yet available. Certain MAO inhibitors reduce body weight, although their effects on metabolic parameters have not been investigated. Here, we have assessed effects of a widely used, selective MAO‐B inhibitor, selegiline, on metabolic parameters in a rat model of diet‐induced obesity.Experimental ApproachMale Long–Evans rats were given control (CON) or a high‐fat (20%), high‐sucrose (15%) diet (HFS) for 25 weeks. From week 16, animals were injected s.c. with 0.25 mg·kg−1 selegiline (CON + S and HFS + S) or vehicle (CON, HFS) once daily. Whole body, subcutaneous and visceral fat was measured by CT, and glucose and insulin tolerance were tested. Expression of glucose transporters and chemokines was assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR.Key ResultsSelegiline decreased whole body fat, subcutaneous‐ and visceral adiposity, measured by CT and epididymal fat weight in the HFS group, compared with HFS placebo animals, without influencing body weight. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests showed impaired glucose homeostasis in HFS and HFS + S groups, although insulin levels in plasma and pancreas were unchanged. HFS induced expression of Srebp‐1c, Glut1 and Ccl3 in adipose tissue, which were alleviated by selegiline.Conclusions and ImplicationsSelegiline reduced adiposity, changes in adipose tissue energy metabolism and adipose inflammation induced by HFS diet without affecting the increased body weight, impairment of glucose homeostasis, or behaviour. These results suggest that selegiline could mitigate harmful effects of visceral adiposity.
Reflectance confocal microscopy features of melanomas on the body and non‐glabrous chronically sun‐damaged skin
Authors: Shahriari Neda , Grant‐Kels Jane M. , Rabinovitz Harold , Oliviero Margaret , Scope Alon 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundMelanoma remains a challenge to diagnose, especially when appearing on the background of chronically sun‐damaged skin (CSDS). Our goal was to identify and quantify the reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) features of melanoma on non‐facial CSDS.MethodsIncluded lesions were biopsy‐proven melanomas, from anatomic sites other than the face, neck, scalp and acral skin, with histopathologic finding of solar elastosis in the underlying dermis. All included lesions underwent clinical, dermoscopic and RCM imaging, obtained in a standardized fashion, prior to biopsy. All images were retrospectively analyzed by four observers.ResultsWe identified 33 melanomas from 33 patients with 63.6% male patients and overall mean age of 72.8 years. The salient RCM features included an atypical honeycomb or disarranged epidermal pattern (81.8%), pagetoid infiltration of the epidermis by both round and/or dendritic melanocytes (100%), focal proliferation of predominantly dendritic melanocytes as sheets (78.8%), foci with non‐edged papillae (84.8%), junctional thickening (60.6%), areas of irregular ring or meshwork pattern (78.8%), and underlying thickened collagen bundles (51.5%).ConclusionNon‐facial CSDS melanomas share features similar to other melanoma types including pagetoid cells and non‐edged papillae. The focal proliferation of dendritic pagetoid cells in sheets is similar to that seen in facial CSDS melanomas.
Instar‐specific effects of host plants on survival of endangered butterfly larvae
Authors: Haan Nathan L. , Bakker Jonathan D. , Dunwiddie Peter W. , Linders Mary J. 
Published: July 2018

1. Outcomes for butterfly conservation can hinge on interactions with host plants during early larval instars. Ontogenetic changes in larvae may cause predictors of survival to shift quickly over time.2. Survival from instar to instar was measured for an endangered oligophagous butterfly,Euphydryas edithassp.taylori(Taylor's checkerspot), which was experimentally released in the field on three host plants:Castilleja levisecta,Castilleja hispida, andPlantago lanceolata. Survival rates were quantified, from hatching to the second instar, from the second to the third instar, and from the third to the fourth instar.3. This study tested whether host plant characteristics (degree of senescence and anthocyanin pigmentation) affected survival during each instar; the effects of oviposition timing and larval group size on survival were also tested, as these vary by group and could affect outcomes for larvae differently on different hosts.4. Survival rates depended on the host species being consumed, mostly because of a disparity in survival during the transition from the second to the third instar. Survival was lowest onC. levisecta, intermediate onC. hispida, and highest onP. lanceolata.5. Plant senescence, oviposition timing, and group size were predictors of survival, but their relevance depended on both the host plant being used and the instar being considered.6. Host plant suitability can vary strongly both within and among species, changing quickly with caterpillar ontogeny during early instars.
Validation of previous prognostic models for thrombosis and exploration of modified models in patients with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshinori , Nakamae Hirohisa , Tanaka Takayuki , Omura Hiromi , Horiuchi Mirei , Yoshimura Takuro , Takakuwa Teruhito , Mugitani Atsuko , Hirose Asao , Nakamae Mika , Koh Hideo , Hino Masayuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the prognostic factors to validate previous prognostic models for survival and thrombosis with large‐scale data on Japanese patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET).MethodWe conducted a study in 352 patients with ET to validate previous prognostic models and search for new prognostic factors.ResultsThe International Prognostic Score for essential thrombocythemia (IPSET), the conventional risk classification and the International Prognostic Score for thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia (IPSET‐T) were confirmed to be reproducible in Japanese patients. However, no significant difference was observed between the low‐risk and intermediate‐risk categories according to the revised IPSET‐T, which does not allow direct comparison of the four risk groups. We reevaluated the risk using a modified revised IPSET‐T, which was derived from the revised IPSET‐T by scoring the factors as follows: one point for age > 60 years, two points for past history of thrombosis, two points for JAK2 gene mutation‐positive; total points of 0 = very low risk, 1 = low risk, 2 = intermediate risk, 3 and above = high risk, with significantly different thrombosis‐free survival.ConclusionThe modified revised IPSET‐T has been useful for 4‐group stratification to predict a population that requires therapeutic intervention, irrespective of the treatment regimens.
Financial Reforms and Corruption: Which Dimensions Matter?
Authors: Jha Chandan Kumar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of reforms in different dimensions of the financial sector on corruption in a panel of 82 countries. It finds that several, but not all, of the policies targeted toward liberalizing financial sector reduce corruption. Specifically, entry barriers, directed credit, securities market development, and the extent of banking supervision are significantly negatively associated with corruption. The effects of reforms in different dimensions of the financial sector also depend on the quality of the governance (bad versus good governance) and whether the country is an advanced or a non‐advanced economy. Finally, a stronger democracy and better law and order are found to be associated with lower corruption.
Executive compensation and cash contributions to defined benefit pension plans
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Swenson Laura 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCash contributions to defined benefit pension (DB) plans reduce cash flows from operations without directly affecting the current year's net income. We utilize this unique setting to investigate how managerial incentives to report higher cash flows from operations, executive compensation in particular, affect contributions. Using a comprehensive dataset of DB plan contributions, we find that firms with higher chief executive officer (CEO) compensation contribute less to DB plans, consistent with managers benefiting from lower pension contributions. Results are stronger when CEO compensation is directly linked to cash flows from operations or when CEO compensation is more sensitive to cash flows from operations. We also find enhanced disclosure and more transparent reporting under the recent pension accounting regime mitigates the negative association between executive compensation and cash contributions.