bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wear and corrosion studies of graphite‐aluminum composite reinforced with micro/nano‐TiB2 via spark plasma sintering
Authors: Durowoju M.O. , Sadiku E.R. , Diouf S. , Shongwe M.B. , Makena I.M. , Ramakokovhu M.M. , Olubambi P.A. , Eze A.A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe demand for lightweight materials in the automobile and aerospace industries has led to various researches on graphite and graphite‐aluminum composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of micron/nano TiB2 particles on the properties of graphite‐aluminum composite particularly the wear resistance. The powders were sintered at 550 °C and 50 MPa with more attention on the effect of the sintering temperature on densification, microhardness, coefficient of thermal expansion, wear and frictional force. The results show that the addition of nano TiB2 reduces the densification while improving the hardness of Gr−Al composite with the lowest value being 96.0 % of relative density and the highest microhardness of 43.58 HV 0.1. The coefficient of thermal expansion and frictional force of the composite materials increases with increasing TiB2 content and heating rate (100 °C/min–150 °C/min). TiB2 particles enhance the wear resistance of graphite‐aluminum composite. The addition of micro/nanoparticles of TiB2 to graphite‐aluminum composite increases its corrosion rate with improved passivation behavior in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Nevertheless, 5 wt.% nano (100 °C/min) TiB2 additions do not affect the overall corrosion rate. This work has shown that we can take advantage of some of the properties of TiB2 to improve the performance of graphite‐aluminum composite.
Influence of equal channel angular pressing in an acute angle die with a back pressure notch on grain refinement, torsion and mechanical properties of aluminium
Authors: Sadasivan N. , Balasubramanian M. , Venkatesh R. , Vigneshram S. , Sunil T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSevere plastic deformation improves the strength of a metal by strain hardening. Of the various severe plastic deformation processes, equal channel angular pressing proves to be the right candidate for bulk metal processing. Extensive works were carried out on equal channel angular pressing with channel angle ranging from 90° to 120° with or without back pressure on the exit channel. Numerical analyses suggest that reducing the channel angle below 90° would enhance the magnitude of strain imparted and, with prediction of a lesser strain homogeneity in such cases. Hence an acute angled equal channel angular pressing die with a back‐pressure notch sunken into the roof of the exit channel was designed, fabricated and was used for processing pure aluminium. Various mechanical properties of the processed materials were tested and acute angle processing imparted superior tensile strength to the work pieces in a single pass that would require several passes in a conventional equal channel angular pressing die. Substantial improvement in grain refinement and torsional properties was identified.
Optimization of austenitization time for press hardening of steels by using Hollomon‐Jaffe parameter
Authors: Fritz S. , Pfeiffer M.A. , Gollnick J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDas Presshärten ermöglicht als Kombinationsprozess aus Wärmebehandlung und Formgebung die Herstellung von hochfesten Karosseriestrukturbauteilen aus Stahl im Serienmaßstab. Der konventionelle Austenitisierungsprozess im Ofen bestimmt dabei maßgeblich die Prozessgesamtdauer. In dieser Arbeit wird ein alternativer Ansatz zur herkömmlichen, auf Zeit‐Temperatur‐Austenitisierungsschaubildern oder Erfahrungswerten beruhenden, Ermittlung der nötigen Austenitisierungszeit untersucht. Die Berechnung der optimalen Austenitisierungszeit basiert dabei auf experimentell gewonnenen Werkstoffkennwerten. Die Grundlage zur phänomenologischen Beschreibung des Austenitisierungsvorgangs bildet der durch den Hollomon‐Jaffe Parameter beschriebene Zusammenhang zwischen Temperatur und Zeit für den Reaktionsfortschritt thermisch aktivierter Prozesse. Die nötigen Werkstoffkennwerte werden mittels Austenitisierungsversuchen in einem Dilatometer anhand von Kleinproben bestimmt. Die Anwendbarkeit dieses Parameters zur Berechnung der optimalen Austenitisierungsdauer für isotherme und prozessnahe Temperaturführung wird für die Stähle 22MnB5 und X15Cr13 exemplarisch beschrieben und nachgewiesen.
High surface area ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Miroliaee A. , Hoshdari S. , Mohammadi Chahaki M. , Abdouss M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, the fabrication of ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites is reported for the initial time. Two nanocomposites, ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide‐50 and ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide‐100, with different reduced graphene oxide contents (50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml initial graphene oxide concentration respectively) were synthesized via a hydrothermal route; and characterized with the aid of suitable characterization and analytical techniques. For comparative purposes, two pure ZnAl2O4 samples were fabricated by citrate sol‐gel and urea combustion methods. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized pure nanospinels and nanocomposites was studied for the degradation of rhodamine B dye under ultraviolet–A light irradiation. Compared to pure ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles, ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites exhibited superior photocatalytic activity. The highest efficiency was observed for ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide‐100 composite, where; full degradation of rhodamine B occurred after 45 min. The enhancements of the photocatalytic performance of ZnAl2O4/reduced graphene oxide composites were mainly attributed to unique electronic and surface properties of reduced graphene oxide.
Magnetic immobilization of a quorum sensing signal hydrolase, AiiA
Authors: Wang Lin , Xu Haixing , Liu Zewen , Sun Taolei , Yuan Chengqing , Yang Ying , Guo Junhui , Xie Hao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMagnetic immobilization of quorum sensing (QS) signal hydrolases provides a convenient solution for quenching QS process that is essential for bacterial biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. In the present study, a QS signal hydrolase, AiiA, was fused with a magnetic protein, MagR, and expressed in Escherichia coli. Magnetic immobilization of AiiA was achieved on Fe3O4‐SiO2 iron beads and was confirmed via SDS‐PAGE, zeta potential measurement, FTIR spectrometry, and SEM analysis. The magnetic immobilized AiiA exhibited activity in degrading the quorum sensing signal, C6‐HSL. This study opens a new avenue to actively immobilize enzymes via magnetic interaction and quench quorum sensing.
Impact of seasonality, storage of semen, and sperm head‐shape on whole tissue methylation and expression of methylation responsive candidate genes in swine placenta and fetal livers from summer and winter breedings
Authors: Rempel Lea A. , Krautkramer Megan M. , Parrish John J. , Miles Jeremy R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEpigenetics includes the study of external factors that can influence the expression of genes by altering the accessibility of DNA through methylation. To investigate the epigenetic influence of season, sperm head shape, and semen storage on placental and fetal tissues, pregnancies were generated in the summer or winter using boar semen from either least or most sperm head shape change, collected during cool or warm seasons, and stored as cooled‐extended or cryopreserved. The lowest (p < 0.05) ratios of 5‐methylcytosine to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine activity (5mC:5hmC) in fetal liver were from summer breedings and in placental tissues from winter breedings. The relative expression of placental
CDH1 tended (
p < 0.10) to be greater in placenta generated from cryopreserved semen or semen collected during cool periods. The relative expression of placental
GNAS was affected (
p < 0.05) by the interaction of breeding and semen collection seasons. Cryopreserved semen increased (
p < 0.05) the placental relative expression of
GNAS. Placental
MEST and
RHOBTB3 tended (
p < 0.10) to have a greater relative expression from pregnancies generated using semen collected during cool periods used during winter breedings. Within fetal liver, the relative expression of
GNAS and
HGF was greater (
p < 0.05) from winter breedings. Interaction of winter breedings and least sperm head shape change tended (
p < 0.10) to have the greatest fetal liver expression of
CDH1. Seasonality of semen collection, breeding, and the effect on sperm head shape change had an influence on the expression of genes with known differentially methylated regions or response to methylation activity from embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.
On the rheological characterisation of liquefied sands through the dam‐breaking test
Authors: Della Vecchia Gabriele , Cremonesi Massimiliano , Pisanò Federico 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper concerns the rheological characterisation of liquefied sands as non‐Newtonian Bingham fluids. For this purpose, dam‐breaking laboratory tests are often executed and interpreted, offering a viable option to identify the properties of fluidised water‐soil mixtures. However, limited attention has been devoted so far to clarify what variables and measurements would allow unambiguous calibration of Bingham parameters, namely, the viscosity η and the yield stress τy. The numerical results of parametric studies based on the particle finite element method (PFEM) are critically inspected to gain deeper insight into the problem. First, it is confirmed that multiple η − τy pairs may reproduce the same experimental evidence when formed by only one measurement—usually, the post–dam‐breaking displacement of the bottom toe (tip) of the liquefied mass. Then, two alternative procedures are proposed for unambiguous identification of both η and τy: one is based on monitoring the evolving aspect ratio of the fluid mass during free, gravity‐driven flow; the other relies on a slightly different dam‐breaking test, also including impact against a rigid obstacle. In particular, the latter approach reduces the relevant duration of the test, reducing the possible influence of reconsolidation effects on the calibration of rheological parameters.
Patient participation in the clinical pathway—Nurses’ perceptions of adults’ involvement in haemodialysis
Authors: Andersen‐Hollekim Tone E. , Kvangarsnes Marit , Landstad Bodil J. , Talseth‐Palmer Bente A. , Hole Torstein 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo develop knowledge of nurses’ perceptions of participation for patients treated with haemodialysis and their next of kin.DesignA qualitative study with a hermeneutic approach.MethodsThe data were collected in 2015 through focus groups with 13 nurses in Central Norway.ResultsThe nurses reported that patient participation ranging from non‐involvement to shared decision‐making was related to whether dialysis was initiated as acute or scheduled. The restrictions required in chronic haemodialysis limited participation. The next of kin were not involved. The nurses highlighted interventions on both the individual and system levels to strengthen participation.ConclusionDialysis units should develop strategies for participation related to individual needs and design treatment in cooperation with patients and their families, ensuring involvement early in the clinical pathway. Further research is needed on issues related to next of kin, including their desired level of involvement.
Attenuation of Postmeal Metabolic Indices with Red Raspberries in Individuals at Risk for Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xiao Di , Zhu Lanjun , Edirisinghe Indika , Fareed Jawed , Brailovsky Yevgeniy , Burton‐Freeman Britt 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of red raspberry intake on meal‐induced postprandial metabolic responses in individuals who have overweight or obesity with prediabetes and insulin resistance (PreDM‐IR), and in metabolically healthy individuals (Reference).MethodsThirty‐two adults (PreDM‐IR, n = 21; Reference, n = 11) were randomized to a controlled, three‐arm, single‐blinded, crossover trial. Participants were provided 0 g of frozen red raspberries (Control), 125 g of frozen red raspberries (RR‐125) (~1 cup), or 250 g of frozen red raspberries (RR‐250) (~2 cups), with a challenge breakfast meal (high carbohydrate/moderate fat) on three separate days. Multiple blood samples were collected up to 8 hours post breakfast with a final blood sample at 24 hours. A snack was provided at 6 hours.ResultsBreakfast containing RR‐125 and RR‐250 significantly reduced 2‐hour insulin area under the curve, and RR‐250 reduced peak insulin, peak glucose, and 2‐hour glucose AUC compared with Control in the PreDM‐IR group (P < 0.05). Postprandial triglycerides were significantly lower after RR‐125 versus RR‐250 (P = 0.01) but not different from Control (P > 0.05). No significant meal‐related differences were observed for oxidative stress or inflammatory biomarkers.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that red raspberries aid in postmeal glycemic control in individuals with PreDM‐IR, reducing glycemic burden with less insulin, which may be related to improved tissue insulin sensitivity.
Monitoring Hydrogenation Reactions using Benchtop 2D NMR with Extraordinary Sensitivity and Spectral Resolution
Authors: Gołowicz Dariusz , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof , Urbańczyk Mateusz , Ratajczyk Tomasz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLow‐field benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (BT‐NMR) spectrometers with Halbach magnets are being increasingly used in science and industry as cost‐efficient tools for the monitoring of chemical reactions, including hydrogenation. However, their use of low‐field magnets limits both resolution and sensitivity. In this paper, we show that it is possible to alleviate these two problems through the combination of parahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) and fast correlation spectroscopy with time‐resolved non‐uniform sampling (TR‐NUS). PHIP can enhance NMR signals so that substrates are easily detectable on BT‐NMR spectrometers. The interleaved acquisition of one‐ and two‐dimensional spectra with TR‐NUS provides unique insight into the consecutive moments of hydrogenation reactions, with a spectral resolution unachievable in a standard approach. We illustrate the potential of the technique with two examples: the hydrogenation of ethylphenyl propiolate and the hydrogenation of a mixture of two substrates – ethylphenyl propiolate and ethyl 2‐butynoate.
Bimolecular Cross‐Metathesis of a Tetrasubstituted Alkene with Allylic Sulfones
Authors: Sapkota Rishi R. , Jarvis Jacqueline M. , Schaub Tanner M. , Talipov Marat R. , Arterburn Jeffrey B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExquisite control of catalytic metathesis reactivity is possible through ligand‐based variation of ruthenium carbene complexes. Sterically hindered alkenes, however, remain a generally recalcitrant class of substrates for intermolecular cross‐metathesis. Allylic chalcogenides (sulfides and selenides) have emerged as “privileged” substrates that exhibit enhanced turnover rates with the commercially available second‐generation ruthenium catalyst. Increased turnover rates are advantageous when competing catalyst degradation is limiting, although specific mechanisms have not been defined. Herein, we describe facile cross‐metathesis of allylic sulfone reagents with sterically hindered isoprenoid alkene substrates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the first example of intermolecular cross‐metathesis of ruthenium carbenes with a tetrasubstituted alkene. Computational analysis by combined coupled cluster/DFT calculations exposes a favorable energetic profile for metallacyclobutane formation from chelating ruthenium β‐chalcogenide carbene intermediates. These results establish allylic sulfones as privileged reagents for a substrate‐based strategy of cross‐metathesis derivatization.
Facile Protection of Lithium Metal for All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Delaporte Nicolas , Guerfi Abdelbast , Demers Hendrix , Lorrmann Henning , Paolella Andrea , Zaghib Karim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA nanolayer of reactive propyl acrylate silane groups was deposited on a lithium surface by using a simple dipping method. The polymerization of cross‐linkable silane groups with a layer of ally‐ether‐ramified polyethylene oxide was induced by UV light. SEM analysis revealed a good dispersion of silane groups grafted on the lithium surface and a layer of polymer of about 4 μm was obtained after casting and reticulation. The electrochemical performance for the unmodified and modified lithium electrodes were compared in symmetrical Li/LLZO/Li cells. Stable plating/stripping and low interfacial resistance were obtained when the modified lithium was utilized, indicating that the combination of silane and polymer deposition is promising to increase Li‐metal/garnet contact.
Paediatric safety signals identified in VigiBase: Methods and results from Uppsala Monitoring Centre
Authors: Star Kristina , Sandberg Lovisa , Bergvall Tomas , Choonara Imti , Caduff‐Janosa Pia , Edwards I. Ralph 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to uncover previously unrecognised risks of medicines in paediatric pharmacovigilance reports and thereby advance a safer use of medicines in paediatrics.MethodsIndividual case safety reports (ICSRs) with ages less than 18 years were retrieved from VigiBase, the World Health Organization (WHO) global database of ICSRs, in September 2014. The reports were grouped according to the following age spans: 0 to 27 days; 28 days to 23 months; 2 to 11 years; and 12 to 17 years. vigiRank, a data‐driven predictive model for emerging safety signals, was used to prioritise the list of drug events by age groups. The list was manually assessed, and potential signals were identified to undergo in‐depth assessment to determine whether a signal should be communicated.ResultsA total of 472 drug‐event pairs by paediatric age groups were the subject of an initial manual assessment. Twenty‐seven drug events from the two older age groups were classified as potential signals. An in‐depth assessment resulted in eight signals, of which one concerned harm in connection with off‐label use of dextromethorphan and another with accidental overdose of olanzapine by young children, and the remaining signals referred to potentially new causal associations for atomoxetine (two signals), temozolamide, deferasirox, levetiracetam, and desloratadine that could be relevant also for adults.ConclusionsClinically relevant signals were uncovered in VigiBase by using vigiRank applied to paediatric age groups. Further refinement of the methodology is needed to identify signals in reports with ages under 2 years and to capture signals specific to the paediatric population as a risk group.
Determination of pKa values of fluorocompounds in water using 19F NMR
Authors: Parman Elisabeth , Toom Lauri , Selberg Sigrid , Leito Ivo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBrønsted acidities of 19 fluorocompounds in the pKa range from 3.5 to 10 have been measured in aqueous solution using an approach involving absolute and relative pKa measurements with 19F NMR. 19F NMR has not been frequently used for determining pKa values, but it has a number of advantages, especially when relative values are considered: accurate concentrations not needed, tolerant to impurities, several compounds can be measured simultaneously, several uncertainty sources cancel out.
Implementing Reverse Phase Protein Array Profiling as a Sensitive Method for the Early Pre‐Clinical Detection of Off‐Target Toxicities Associated with Sunitinib Malate
Authors: O'Farrell Alice C. , Miller Ian S. , Evans Rhys , Alamanou Marina , Cary Maurice , Mallya Udupi Girish , Lafferty Adam , Monsefi Naser , Cremona Mattia , Prehn Jochen H. M. , Verheul Henk M. , Gallagher William M. , Gehrmann Mathias , Byrne Annette T. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib is a multi‐targeted agent approved across multiple cancer indications. Nevertheless, since approval, data has emerged to describe a worrisome side effect profile including hypertension, hand‐foot syndrome, fatigue, diarrhea, mucositis, proteinuria, and (rarely) congestive heart failure. It has been hypothesized that the observed multi‐parameter toxicity profile is related to “on‐target” kinase inhibition in “off‐target” tissues.Experimental DesignTo interrogate off‐target effects in pre‐clinical studies, a reverse phase protein array (RPPA) approach is employed. Mice are treated with sunitinib (40 mg kg−1) for 4 weeks, following which critical organs are removed. The Zeptosens RPPA platform is employed for protein expression analysis.ResultsDifferentially expressed proteins associated with damage and/or stress are found in the majority of organs from treated animals. Proteins differentially expressed in the heart are associated with myocardial hypertrophy, ischaemia/reperfusion, and hypoxia. However, hypertrophy is not evidenced on histology. Mild proteinuria is observed; however, no changes in renal glomerular structure are visible via electron microscopy. In skin, proteins associated with cutaneous inflammation, keratinocyte hyper‐proliferation, and increased inflammatory response are differentially expressed.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceIt is posited that pre‐clinical implementation of a combined histopathological/RPPA approach provides a sensitive method to mechanistically elucidate the early manifestation of TKI on‐target/organ off‐target toxicities.
Global exponential stability of 2D switched positive nonlinear systems described by the Roesser model
Authors: Tian Dadong , Liu Shutang , Wang Wen 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we aim to investigate the stability of 2D switched positive nonlinear systems with time‐varying delays in the Roesser model, which includes 2D switched positive linear systems as a special case. By using the average dwell time approach, we give a sufficient condition for the exponential stability of 2D switched positive nonlinear systems. The difficulty caused by the delays is overcome by introducing a model transform and the method used in this paper is different from conventional Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional method. An explicit exponential bound on the decay rate is presented. We also extend the result to the general 2D switched linear systems, not necessarily positive. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained result.
I2/K2S2O8: An Unprecedented Deoxygenating System for N‐Oxides and Sulfoxides
Authors: Raghuvanshi Dushyant Singh , Verma Narsingh , Gupta Atul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel and efficient metal‐free approach has been disclosed for the deoxygenation of amine N‐oxides to amines and sulfoxides to corresponding sulfides using the green and economical reagent I2/K2S2O8. Deoxygenation of pyridine N‐oxide, quinoline N‐oxide, N,N‐dialkylaniline N‐oxides, trialkylamine N‐oxides and aryl sulfoxides have been achieved in excellent yields. This method has been proven to be applicable to a wide range of substrates. A broad range of functional groups were well tolerated in this reaction system.
Nozzle‐Less Electrospun Nitrogen‐Doped Hollow Carbon Nanofibers as Enhanced Sensing Platform for Carbendazim Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Yang Pan , Pan Xinying , Wang Jingchuan , Yang Ruizhu , Chu Jian , Chen Huiyuan , Nan Hui , Yang Lijun , Zhao Xiaochong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNitrogen‐doped hollow carbon nanofibers (N‐HCNFs) synthesized by nozzle‐less electrospinning were directly obtained, showing a rough surface and hollow structure. The as‐prepared N‐HCNFs exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity, good stability and low detection limit, which is a promising alternative applications in environmental protection.