bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of PUFA and cardiovascular risk factors and events in healthy Asian populations: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Yu Qi , Tan Kok Hsien , Chong Mary F.-F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe associations between circulating PUFA and cardiovascular risk factors and events in healthy Asian populations have been less examined robustly compared with Western populations. This systematic review aimed to summarise current evidence on the associations between n-3 and n-6 PUFA biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors and events in healthy Asian populations. Four databases were searched for observational studies from 2010 until 2024. Twenty-three studies were eligible, which covered six Asian countries and included events (n 7), traditional risk factors such as blood pressure and lipids (n 4), physical signs such as arterial stiffness (n 4), non-traditional lipid markers (n 1), markers of inflammation (n 4), markers of thrombosis (n 2) and non-invasive imaging-based markers (n 5). Biological sample types included plasma (n 6), serum (n 14) and erythrocyte (n 3). Higher circulating total n-3 PUFA appeared to be associated with lower hypertension risk and specifically EPA and DHA to be associated with lower myocardial infarction risk, reduction in TAG and inflammation. Higher circulating linoleic acid was associated with improved lipid profiles and lower inflammation. Limited evidence led to inconclusive associations between circulating n-6 PUFA biomarkers and CVD events and blood pressure. No consistent associations with arterial stiffness, obesity, thrombosis and imaging-based biomarkers were observed for circulating PUFA biomarkers in Asian populations. Limited studies exist for each outcome; hence, results should be interpreted with caution. More high-quality and prospective studies in Asian populations are warranted. Several recommendations such as sample size justification and reporting of non-respondents rate are proposed for future studies.
Adaptation to different temperatures results in wing size divergence of the invading species Drosophila nasuta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil
Authors: Santos Vinícius Alcântara Carvalho Lima , Garcia Ana Cristina Lauer , Montes Martín Alejandro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInvasive species threaten biodiversity on a global scale. The success of invasions depends on the species' adaptation to the different environmental conditions of new territories. Studies show that invasive insects present evolutionary changes in wing morphology in areas they are introduced to in response to abiotic conditions. In the last decade, the Asian Drosophila nasuta fly invaded and spread widely throughout Brazil. This insect has preferences for conserved environments and is related to the likely reduction in the abundance of native drosophilids in the Atlantic Forest. Ecological niche modelling analyses showed that rainfall and temperature are the main factors which delimit the geographic distribution of this species. Herein, we verified the existence of significant differences in the wing sizes of D. nasuta in Brazil and evaluated the influence of abiotic factors (rainfall and temperature) on the observed patterns. We conducted 11 measurements on the right-side wings of 240 D. nasuta males collected in the Amazon Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. Statistical analyses revealed the existence of two groups: one with larger wings, which brought together samples from locations with the lowest temperatures; and one with smaller wings, which corresponded to places with a hotter climate. One explanation for this result is the fact that large wings favour greater heat capture by flies in colder climates, increasing their survival chances in these environments. These rapid evolutionary changes in D. nasuta in this first decade of invasion in Brazil reveal the enormous adaptive potential of this species in this megadiverse country.
Population age structure and conservation status of Ferula sinkiangensis (Apiaceae) in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Liu Tianxing , Cao Qiumei , Yang Lei , Yang Zhaoping , Li Wenjun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFerula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen is a threatened medicinal plant endemic to Xinjiang, China, with a small population size and a narrow distribution range. We assessed the status of this species with respect to its population age structure, the level of threat and extinction risk. Only one population remains, in Yining County, Xinjiang. We conducted field surveys of the population in 2022 and 2023, counting 2,033 and 1,515 individuals, respectively, in 144 sample quadrats. We assessed the age structure of the population by counting the number of basal leaves of each individual. The frequency distribution had an inverted J-shape, indicative of a relatively stable age structure. However, the number of mature individuals was small, raising concerns about the risk of genetic drift and inbreeding. This species is also threatened by habitat destruction and inappropriate collection practices. We recommend that F. sinkiangensis is categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List on the basis of criteria B2ab(iii), C2a(i) and D.
A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the severity of core symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in females and males
Authors: Young Susan , Uysal Omer , Kahle Jennifer , Gudjonsson Gisli H. , Hollingdale Jack , Cortese Samuele , Sakalli-Kani Ayse , Greer Ben , Cocallis Kelly , Sylver Nicole , Yilmaz Ugur Eser , Semerci Bengi , Kilic Ozge 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, there have been substantial changes in diagnostic nomenclature. This study investigated sex differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV, DSM-IV(TR), and DSM-5 criteria, separating rating scale and clinical interview data in children and adults with ADHD. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for published studies (1996–2021) reporting severity of attention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity in males and females. We compared data: (1) across the entire lifespan aggregating rating scale and clinical interview data (51 studies), (2) drawing solely on rating scale data (18 studies), and (3) drawing solely on clinical interview data (33 studies). Fifty-two studies met inclusion criteria comparing data for females (n = 8423) and males (n = 9985) with ADHD across childhood and/or adulthood. In total, 15 meta-analyses were conducted. Pooled data across the lifespan aggregating both rating scale and clinical diagnostic interview data, showed males had significantly more severe hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms than females. Rating scale data were similar; boys had significantly more severe hyperactivity/impulsivity than girls. In adulthood, men were rated to have significantly more severe inattention than women with no difference in the hyperactivity/impulsivity dimension. All significant differences were of small effect size. No significant sex differences in the severity of symptoms emerged for clinical interview data for children or adults, in contrast. Possible reasons for the discrepancy in findings between rating scales and clinical diagnostic interviews are discussed.
Action nouns in *-i̯a- and a new verbal stem *jsīn- “to kill” in Khotanese
Authors: Del Tomba Alessandro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article addresses derivational issues related to palatalization in Khotanese, focusing on action nouns of the kīra- type (< *-i̯a-). It is argued that diachronic palatalization conforms to the rules of synchronic palatalization and that the origin of the hapax legomenon jsīna- “killing” (Z 13.124), which apparently violates these rules, needs to be interpreted differently. It is traced back to a reduplicated Indo-Iranian verbal stem *ǰa-ghn- (cf. Young Avestan jaɣn-) < Proto-Indo-European *gwhé-gwhn- “to strike repeatedly” → “to kill”. This stem is also reflected in the Khotanese gerundive jsīñaa- “to be killed” < *dzai̯n-i̯a- ← *dzaɣn- < Iranian *ǰa-gn-. The article contributes additional evidence supporting the development of the preconsonantal voiced velar fricative *ɣ into *i̯ in pre-Khotanese.
Ships, Spatial Interconnections, and the Problematization of Peripheral East Asia in the 1860s
Authors: Chen Nan-Hsu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The 1850s and 1860s were a crucial era in the history of East Asia. The opening of treaty ports and advances in information and navigational technologies both generated new commercial opportunities and brought more people and commodities from Europe and America to East Asia. What were the consequences of these political and socioeconomic changes and the resultant spatial interconnections? I argue that spatial interconnections rendered centuries-old nonstate spaces in East Asia increasingly problematic, to the extent of creating international conflicts. To illustrate this, I reconstruct the mutual influence among places constructed by and shown in the lives of the shipwrecked American vessel Rover and its crew in East Asian waters. Their activities embodied how transpacific and East Asian communication and commerce, and the growing treaty port community in China, became entangled with how Taiwanese aborigines managed their interaction with the outside world. In this and similar borderland incidents, spatial interconnections between central and peripheral East Asia constructed by ordinary people crossing borders, and the problems arising from such interactions, led to the problematization of peripheries in the 1860s.
Do reading times predict word learning? An eye–tracking study with novel words
Authors: Elgort Irina , Beyersmann Elisabeth (Lisi) 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTheories of learning and attention predict a positive relationship between reading times on unfamiliar words and their learning; however, empirical findings of contextual learning studies range from a strong positive relationship to no relationship. To test the conjecture that longer reading times may reflect different cognitive and metacognitive processes, the need to infer novel word meanings from context was deliberately manipulated. One hundred and two adult first– and second–language English language speakers read sixty passages containing pseudowords while their eye movements were recorded. The passages were either preceded or followed by pseudoword definitions. After reading, participants completed posttests of cued meaning recall and form recognition. Meaning recall was positively associated with (i) individual cumulative reading times and (ii) participants’ general vocabulary knowledge, but not when definitions were provided before reading. Form recognition was unaffected by cumulative reading times. Our findings call for a cautious approach in making causative links between eye–movement measures and vocabulary learning from reading.
Low‐Frequency Reconstruction for Full Waveform Inversion by Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Cui Ningcheng , Lei Tao , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObtaining reliable low‐frequency seismic data is crucial for effectively reducing cycle‐skipping in full waveform inversion. However, acquiring high signal‐to‐noise ratio low‐frequency information from field data remains a challenge. An effective solution to mitigate cycle‐skipping is to utilize low‐frequency information synthesized by neural networks to obtain low‐wavenumber initial models. Previous attempts to reconstruct synthetic low‐frequency data using supervised learning methods have shown feasibility but were limited to training with synthetic data that required labeled information. In this study, we employed an unsupervised learning method, namely cycle‐consistent adversarial networks (CycleGAN), to reconstruct large‐scale‐feature related low‐frequency information based on the high‐frequency input data. Unlike supervised learning, CycleGAN allows the use of field data as input to train the network, which is more closely aligned with practical applications. Nevertheless, this approach presents challenges in terms of training complexity and potential output stability. To overcome these challenges, we reconstructed an appropriate target data set that combines high, medium, and low‐frequency components and incorporated additional loss functions to enhance the network's output performance. We conducted quantitative evaluations of the method's sensitivity to the target data set and its ability to handle low‐quality input data through numerical testing. The final results from field data testing confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Current Earth System Models Overestimate Ecosystem Respiration in Mid‐To‐High Latitude Dryland Regions
Authors: Wu Dongxing , Liu Shaomin , He Bin , Xu Ziwei , Wu Xiuchen , Xu Tongren , Yang Xiaofan , Wei Jiaxing , Peng Zhixing , Wang Xiaona 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe inhibition of foliar respiration by light is a crucial yet often overlooked component in estimating ecosystem respiration. However, current estimations of the light inhibition of ecosystem respiration are biased by ignoring the effects of moisture factors. We developed a novel physics‐constrained machine learning method to quantify the extent of light inhibition (Reli) driven by multiple factors in global ecosystems. Our findings revealed significant seasonal variations in light inhibition rate aligned with vegetation growth. Temperature predominantly influenced variations in Reli, and the temperature‐Reli relationship was regulated by vapor pressure deficit rather than soil water content. A reassessment of global ecosystem respiration revealed that current Earth system models (ESMs) overestimate ecosystem respiration in mid‐to‐high latitude dryland regions, with a global average light inhibition strength of 0.51 (±0.16). Knowledge from this study provides an accurate understanding of light inhibition driven by temperature and moisture coupling in simulating carbon cycle.
Deep Mesoscale and Submesoscale Circulations Around the Atlantis II Seamount
Authors: McKinley Matthew , Sun Daoxun , Kelly Mark , Sabra Karim G. , Bracco Annalisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the complex interactions between the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and the New England Seamount chain, focusing on the Atlantis II seamount. Employing a high‐resolution submesoscale permitting regional ocean circulation model nested within a basin‐wide simulation, it explores three distinct periods, each 2 weeks long, showcasing varied deep mesoscale and submesoscale circulations around the seamount. The analysis includes Eulerian statistics and Lagrangian particle tracing experiments to explore the transport and mixing impacts of the highly dynamic flow around the seamount. The results reveal significant density variations across the water column, attributed to the seamount's influence on local ocean currents. Specifically, mesoscale and submesoscale vortices, a seamount wake, and lee waves form during periods of increased near‐bottom current flow. These findings highlight the critical role of topographic features in modulating oceanic flows and ocean mixing, which have implications, among others, for nutrient distribution, acoustic propagation, and climate modeling. The variety and variability of the mesoscale and submesoscale circulations that arise in response to the variability in the NAC strength and position in relation to the New England Seamount Chain demonstrate the difficulty in extrapolating general behaviors from isolated observational campaigns.
Inhibition of mitochondrial OMA1 ameliorates osteosarcoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Chen Lingyan , Chen Dejian , Pan Yiming , Mo Yimei , Lai Biyu , Chen Huiguang , Zhang Da-wei , Xia Xiao-dan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOMA1 is an ATP-independent zinc metalloprotease essential for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. Depending on the type of cancer, a decrease in OMA1 expression has been linked to a varying prognosis for patients. The role of OMA1 in human osteosarcoma (OS), one of the most prevalent malignant bone tumors, remains elusive. Here, we observed elevated OMA1 expression in OS tumor tissues from four patients with advanced OS. Knockout of OMA1 in OS cells significantly reduces OS tumor weight and size, and lung metastatic nodules in BALB/c nude mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a significant decrease in Ki67 and an increase in Cleaved-caspase 3 in OMA1 knockout tumor samples. Mechanistically, we found that OMA1 deficiency increases the levels of PINK1 and Parkin and consequently induces excessive mitophagy, leading to increased apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation and invasion in OS cells. Specifically, OMA1 deficiency reduces the amount of cytosolic p53 and p53-associated cytosolic Parkin but increases mitochondrial p53, which may lead to enhanced apoptosis. Regarding the effect on cell proliferation and invasion, loss of OMA1 reduces mitochondrial ROS levels and increases cytosolic glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) levels, thereby increasing interaction between GSK3β and β-catenin and then reducing cytosolic and nuclear β-catenin. This contributes to reduced cell proliferation and migration in OMA1-deficient cells. Moreover, we found that ciclopirox (CPX), an antifungal drug, induces OMA1 self-cleavage and L-OMA1 degradation in cultured OS cells. CPX also reduces tumor development of control OS cells but not OMA1-deficient OS cells in mice. These findings strongly support the important role of OMA1 in OS tumorigenesis and suggest that OMA1 may be a valuable prognostic marker and a promising therapeutic target for OS.
Non-Amontons frictional behaviors of grain boundaries at layered material interfaces
Authors: Song Yiming , Gao Xiang , Pawlak Rémy , Huang Shuyu , Hinaut Antoine , Glatzel Thilo , Hod Oded , Urbakh Michael , Meyer Ernst 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAgainst conventional wisdom, corrugated grain boundaries in polycrystalline graphene, grown on Pt(111) surfaces, are shown to exhibit negative friction coefficients and non-monotonic velocity dependence. Using combined experimental, simulation, and modeling efforts, the underlying energy dissipation mechanism is found to be dominated by dynamic buckling of grain boundary dislocation protrusions. The revealed mechanism is expected to appear in a wide range of polycrystalline two-dimensional material interfaces, thus supporting the design of large-scale dry superlubric contacts.
A Catalogue of Structural Variation across Ancestrally Diverse Asian Genomes
Authors: Tan Joanna Hui Juan , Li Zhihui , Porta Mar Gonzalez , Rajaby Ramesh , Lim Weng Khong , Tan Ye An , Jimenez Rodrigo Toro , Teo Renyi , Hebrard Maxime , Ow Jack Ling , Ang Shimin , Jeyakani Justin , Chong Yap Seng , Lim Tock Han , Goh Liuh Ling , Tham Yih Chung , Leong Khai Pang , Chin Calvin Woon Loong ,   SG10K_Health Consortium, Yeo Khung Keong , Cook Stuart Alexander , Pua Chee Jian , Yang Chengxi , Wong Tien Yin , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Raghavan Lavanya , Aung Tin , Chee Miao Ling , Chee Miao Li , Li Hengtong , Lee Jimmy , Lee Eng Sing , Ngeow Joanne , Eillot Paul , Riboli Elio , Ng Hong Kiat , Mina Theresia , Tay Darwin , Sadhu Nilanjana , Jain Pritesh Rajesh , Low Dorrain , Wang Xiaoyan , Chai Jin Fang , Van Dam Rob M. , Teo Yik Ying , Lim Chia Wei , Tsai Pi Kuang , Chew Wen Jie , Sim Wey Ching , Toh Li-xian Grace , Eriksson Johan Gunnar , Gluckman Peter D. , Lee Yung Seng , Yap Fabian , Tan Kok Hian , Davila Sonia , Karnani Neerja , Cheng Ching-Yu , Chambers John , Tai E. Shyong , Liu Jianjun , Sim Xueling , Sung Wing Kin , Prabhakar Shyam , Tan Patrick , Bertin Nicolas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStructural variants (SVs) are significant contributors to inter-individual genetic variation associated with traits and diseases. Current SV studies using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have a largely Eurocentric composition, with little known about SV diversity in other ancestries, particularly from Asia. Here, we present a WGS catalogue of 73,035 SVs from 8392 Singaporeans of East Asian, Southeast Asian and South Asian ancestries, of which ~65% (47,770 SVs) are novel. We show that Asian populations can be stratified by their global SV patterns and identified 42,239 novel SVs that are specific to Asian populations. 52% of these novel SVs are restricted to one of the three major ancestry groups studied (Indian, Chinese or Malay). We uncovered SVs affecting major clinically actionable loci. Lastly, by identifying SVs in linkage disequilibrium with single-nucleotide variants, we demonstrate the utility of our SV catalogue in the fine-mapping of Asian GWAS variants and identification of potential causative variants. These results augment our knowledge of structural variation across human populations, thereby reducing current ancestry biases in global references of genetic variation afflicting equity, diversity and inclusion in genetic research.
A comprehensive comparison of tools for fitting mutational signatures
Authors: Medo Matúš , Ng Charlotte K. Y. , Medová Michaela 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMutational signatures connect characteristic mutational patterns in the genome with biological or chemical processes that take place in cancers. Analysis of mutational signatures can help elucidate tumor evolution, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. Although tools for extracting mutational signatures de novo have been extensively benchmarked, a similar effort is lacking for tools that fit known mutational signatures to a given catalog of mutations. We fill this gap by comprehensively evaluating twelve signature fitting tools on synthetic mutational catalogs with empirically driven signature weights corresponding to eight cancer types. On average, SigProfilerSingleSample and SigProfilerAssignment/MuSiCal perform best for small and large numbers of mutations per sample, respectively. We further show that ad hoc constraining the list of reference signatures is likely to produce inferior results. Evaluation of real mutational catalogs suggests that the activity of signatures that are absent in the reference catalog poses considerable problems to all evaluated tools.
Qubit teleportation between a memory-compatible photonic time-bin qubit and a solid-state quantum network node
Authors: Iuliano Mariagrazia , Slater Marie-Christine , Stolk Arian J. , Weaver Matthew J. , Chakraborty Tanmoy , Loukiantchenko Elsie , do Amaral Gustavo C. , Alfasi Nir , Sholkina Mariya O. , Tittel Wolfgang , Hanson Ronald 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe report on a quantum interface linking a diamond NV center quantum network node and 795nm photonic time-bin qubits compatible with Thulium and Rubidium quantum memories. The interface makes use of two-stage low-noise quantum frequency conversion and waveform shaping to match temporal and spectral photon profiles. Two-photon quantum interference shows high indistinguishability between converted 795nm photons and the native NV center photons. We use the interface to demonstrate quantum teleportation including real-time feedforward from an unbiased set of 795nm photonic qubit input states to the NV center spin qubit, achieving a teleportation fidelity well above the classical bound. This proof-of-concept experiment shows the feasibility of interconnecting different quantum network hardware.