bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Splenic sequestration crisis in children with sickle cell disease in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zayed Abdalla Mohamed , Almohaimeed Sulaiman , Alotaibi Turki , Aldosari Hossam , Alotaibi Tahani , Ahmed Basheer , Abdullah Khalid , Awadallah Yasser , Ancheta Shangrila-Joy , Arulantham Zechariah Jebakumar , Khattab Taha , Alrwili Anfal , Alhazmi Asalah , Ghamdi Eman Al , Alamran Shaden 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Splenic sequestration crisis (SSC) is a life-threatening complication of Sickle cell disease (SCD). Studies have shown that patients who carry the African sickle gene haplotypes have more severe SCD than those with the Arab-Indian (AI) haplotype. Our aim was to study the prevalence and the clinical features of SSC among SCD children with both haplotypes living in the same environment in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia (SA).
Patients and Methods:
A retrospective cohort study of 340 children with SCD, who visited our hospital from 2010 – 2020 was carried out. The collected clinical data of patients with SSC were compared between two groups of children: Eastern and Southwestern (SW) children.
Results:
A total of 50 patients with SSC were enrolled in this study, with a sex ratio of 2.1. There were 38 children from the SW region (African-haplotype group), and 12 from the Eastern region (AI-haplotype group). The overall prevalence of SSC was 14.7%, with no significant difference between the two groups, p.60.
The African-haplotype group were diagnosed with SCD at a younger age than their peers in the AI-haplotype group [median (IQR)]: 8.5 (6-11) v. 30.5 (24-36) months; p<.001.
The median (IQR) steady state HB in the African-haplotype group was significantly lower than that in the AI-haplotype group [8 (7.5-9) v. 9 (8-10) gm/dL]; p<.01.
During the 1st SSC there was a significant difference between the African-haplotype group and the AI-haplotype group in the following parameters [median (IQR)]: age: 25(12- 48) v. 72(39-134) months, HB 5.1 (4.4-5.9) v. 6.1 (5.9-6.4) gm/dL, Splenic size on admission 5.5 (3-8) v. 8 (6-9.5) cm and upon discharge 3 (2-5) v. 5 (3.5-5.5) cm below the costal margin. The African haplotype group had a significantly greater number of recurrences than did the AI haplotype group [3.5 (2-6) v. 2 (1.5-2.5)]; p<.05.
Conclusion:
The overall prevalence of SSC among SCD children in the Eastern region of SA was 14.7% without a significant difference between Eastern SA (AI-haplotype group) and Southwestern SA (African-haplotype group) who lived in the same environment. SW Children experienced more severe SSC, suggesting that genetic rather than environmental factors are responsible for the severity of these episodes.
Breastfeeding interventions for low-birth weight and very low birth weight infants in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sarkar Plabon , Rifat M. A. , Ali Masum , Chakrabarty Mahashweta , Alam Syeda Saima , Nasrin Syeda Sumaiya , Singh Aditya , Saha Sanjib 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate interventions promoting breastfeeding practices among Low Birth Weight (LBW) and Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants in South Asia.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINHAL, and the Cochrane library). Evidence was synthesized to estimate the duration to establish breastfeeding practices among LBW and VLBW infants. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the effect size on breastfeeding practices using random effect model. Heterogeneity was explored by sub-group and meta-regression analyses. Risk of bias and strength of evidence was assessed by the RoB2, ROBINS-I and NIH Quality Assessment tools considering the study design of the selected articles.
Results
From a pool of 2,524 records screened, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. The systematic review revealed that various interventions aimed at improving breastfeeding practices among LBW infants largely resulted in positive breastfeeding outcomes such as initiation of breasting and exclusive breastfeeding. The Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) care was intervened in most cases together with other interventions, including Non-nutritive suckling, Premature Infant Oromotor Intervention, Nutrition Education and Mother Baby Friendly Initiatives Plus. Meta-analysis showed mothers who received KMC demonstrated an earlier initiation of breastfeeding (pooled mean difference: -1.08 days, 95% CI: -2.15, -0.01, p<0.001) as compared to mothers who received conventional care.
Conclusions:
Breastfeeding interventions, particularly KMC, were found to be effective for LBW infants and can be integrated into hospital or community policies, depending on context and available resources.
The impacts of anthropogenic linear features on the space-use patterns of two sympatric ungulates
Authors: Hart Ronan , Picardi Simona , Avgar Tal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

1. As human activity increases worldwide, many ecologists have focused on how anthropogenic linear features (ALFs) such as roads and fences impact and disrupt animal space-use behavior and how this disruption could potentially affect population viability. The properties of an animal’s occurrence distribution (OD), namely its size, shape, and habitat associations, reflect the animal’s balance of costs and benefits and thus can act as indirect indicators of behavioral optimality. Measuring deviations from theoretical space-use optimality can provide insight into the non-lethal effects of ALFs on wildlife in different environmental contexts. 2. Here, we focused on the seasonal space-use patterns of two wide-ranging, highly mobile species of great cultural and economic value: mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus; n = 3105) and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana; n = 320). We calculated the average use of six environmental and three ALF attributes, weighted by their intensity of use within the OD, and contrasted those with their respective average availability within a 100-km2 reference area centered on each animal’s OD. 3. We show that mule deer space-use is more impacted by roads, while pronghorn space-use is affected more by fences, specifically in the winter when snow depth may hinder their ability to cross fences. 4. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the availability domain and the importance of properly accounting for this dynamism in habitat selection analyses. This research expands on the theoretical literature of animal space use and their response to ALFs in a rapidly changing world and further provides practical trajectories for wildlife managers to take when mitigating ALF impacts on their target species.
Concerto in ASD: Classical Music on Increasing the Attention Span of Teenagers with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Park Sunghan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder, also known as ASD, is a mental health disorder which affects one in thirty-six children in the United States. Characterized by the inability to focus, difficulties with social interactions, and short attention span, ASD thus has a negative impact on school performance for many teenagers diagnosed with this disorder. The purpose of this study was to see whether classical music, a form of stimulus which, according to prior research, was found to enhance the cognitive function of individuals, could potentially act as a catalyst for increased attention span in teenagers with ASD. This study hypothesized that classical music would increase the attention span and recurrence of on-task behavior of teenagers with ASD in the classroom setting. A mixed-method approach utilizing a questionnaire which employed quantitative four-point Likert scale data and qualitative observations by independent observers was used. This study was conducted on four teenagers diagnosed with ASD to see if classical music did increase their attention span, and both the qualitative and quantitative results seemed to indicate that classical music was indeed effective. Furthermore, the findings also hinted at long-term benefits of playing classical music in the background as teenagers with ASD learned in the classroom setting. Ultimately, the findings did confirm that classical music has a positive effect on increasing the attention span of teenagers with ASD, though it is recommended for more research to be conducted to confirm this positive correlation and see the effects of classical music on teenagers with ASD in the long-term.
Breaking the field phenotyping bottleneck in maize with autonomous robots
Authors: DeBruin Jason , Aref Thomas , Tolosa Sara Tirado , Hensley Rebecca , Underwood Haley , McGuire Michael , Soman Chinmay , Nystrom Grace , Parkinson Emma , Li Catherine , Moose Stephen , Chowdhary Girish 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Understanding phenotypic plasticity in maize (Zea maysL.) is a current grand challenge for continued crop improvement. Measuring the interactive effects of genetics, environmental factors, and management practices such as nitrogen rate (GxExM) on crop performance is time-consuming, expensive, and a major bottleneck to continued yield advancement. We demonstrate that a novel autonomous robotic platform, capable of collecting biologically relevant and commonly measured phenotypes, within a maize canopy at high-throughput, low-cost, and high-volume is now a reality. Field teams used multiple TerraSentia autonomous ground robots developed by EarthSense, Inc. (Champaign, IL) to capture data using a suite of low-cost sensors from nearly 200,000 experimental units, located at 142 unique research fields in the USA and Canada, across five years. Novel computer vision and machine learning algorithms, developed by EarthSense, Inc., analyzed these in-canopy multi-sensor data to deliver ground-truth validated plant height, ear height, stem diameter, and leaf area index at multiple time points during each season. We show the robot measured these phenotypes with high accuracy and reliability, at scales sufficient to functionally dissect interactions between genotypes and nitrogen rates in several environments. The results show that within-row autonomous field robots hold great promise to increase understanding of GxExM interactions in maize research and decrease the amount of human labor required for plant phenotyping.
Quality of antenatal care provision in rural villages of Satna district, Madhya Pradesh, India: a quantitative formative study to help the development of an evidence-based contextualised complex health intervention of the CHAMPION2 cluster randomized trial
Authors: Shivalli Siddharudha , Fazzio Ila , Elbourne Diana , Karnati Sridevi , Reddy Harshavardhan , Reddy Padmanabh , Nair Rakhi , Gopal Madan , Boone Peter , Frost Chris 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Since 2005, maternal and newborn deaths have declined in India. Nonetheless, if the current mortality trends continue, India may not achieve the Sustainable Development Goal targets without enhancing the quality of care across the continuum from pregnancy to delivery, particularly in poorly performing states. This study aimed to help the development of an evidence-based contextualised CHAMPION2 trial package of maternal and child health (being implemented in rural villages of Satna district, India) by assessing the quality of, and the factors associated with antenatal care (ANC) provision across four aspects of care and exploring reasons if uptake of care was inadequate.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in 50 of 196 villages in the CHAMPION2 cluster randomized trial in Satna district, Madhya Pradesh, India before randomization. We interviewed 792 women, who were eligible for the trial and had given birth in the previous two years from the interview date. We assessed the quality of ANC provision across four aspects of care (i.e., skilled care, timeliness (ANC in first trimester), number of ANC visits (at least four), and content of care) and explored reasons given by women if the uptake of care was inadequate. The quality of ANC provision was considered ‘adequate’ if all the four aspects of care were judged sufficient. We conducted logistic regression analyses to determine the socio-demographic factors associated with the adequate quality of ANC provision.
Results
Only 21.2% of women received ANC provision of 'adequate' quality (skilled care:98.9%, timeliness: 75.3%, minimum four ANCs: 73.5%, and appropriate content of care: 28.3%). The inadequate quality was primarily due to inappropriate content of care particularly, poor compliance with iron-folate intake for at least 100 days and no counselling by healthcare providers on key ANC issues. The odds of receiving adequate quality ANC were increased when either the woman or husband was educated to at least high school level.
Conclusions
The quality of ANC provision in the study setting was inadequate. The quality of care was emphasised in refresher training for nurses in the CHAMPION2 trial and health promotion, demand generation, and community mobilisation activities were locally contextualised.
Adaptive AI Algorithms for Dynamic Network Resource Allocation and QoS Optimization in 5G Telecommunications
Authors: Khurana Rahul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This research explores the application of adaptive AI algorithms to dynamically allocate network resources and optimize Quality of Service (QoS) in 5G telecommunications networks. With 5G's rapid deployment, efficient resource allocation for ultra-low latency, enhanced data speeds, and high device density has become essential. This paper introduces a reinforcement learning-based adaptive AI framework for real-time dynamic resource management in 5G environments, showing significant improvements in QoS metrics compared to traditional allocation methods.
“It Would be Easier on Everyone if I Were Dead”: Understanding the Drivers of Suicide
Authors: Baptist Joyce , Kuzmina Natalia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

A recent development in suicide research is the identification of suicidal drivers that make suicide a desirable choice. Understanding these suicidal drivers has the potential to unfold the processes involved when suicidal thoughts transition to attempts. This qualitative study analyzed data on suicidal drivers from 35 adult participants with suicidal ideation. The thematic analysis uncovered five distinct personal themes that reflect the suicidal drivers experienced by participants: perceived defectiveness, emotional anguish, alienation, being a liability, and low self-worth. Some of these suicidal drivers were self-imposed, other-imposed, or a combination of both. Four ideation-to-action theories of suicide were used to illuminate the themes that emerged from the data. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.
Idiopathic Hyperhidrosis after Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: Pae Yejune , Park Hoonsung , Lee Hanyoung , Baik Seung Min , Lee Jae-myeong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Hyperhidrosis is the secretion of excess sweat beyond what the body needs for homeostatic regulation. Secondary hyperhidrosis is usually related to an underlying cause, mostly a medical condition, or extrinsic factors such as drugs or trauma to the central nervous system. Treatment can be based on resolution of the underlying cause or symptomatic management.
Case presentation
A 53-year-old male collided with a motor-vehicle at 40 km/h. Lacerations on his forehead and multiple abrasions on his lower extremities were treated shortly; however, the patient soon started complaining of excessive sweating. Despite several imaging and laboratory tests for central and peripheral causes, we failed to identify the reason for excessive sweating. Symptomatic treatments such as anticholinergics and ganglion block also failed, and only after hemodialysis did the patient stay dry for a short time. Fortunately, his symptoms disappeared shortly after discharge.
Conclusion
The patient presented with great discomfort after trauma, with an undisclosed cause. Medical treatment and intervention failed to improve the symptoms; however, hemodialysis alone relieved the patient. Whether it was medically or traumatically induced, uncontrolled sweating was controlled by hemodialysis.
The global burden of cancers attributable to occupational factors, 1990–2021
Authors: Zou Binbin , Wu Ping , Chen Jianjun , Luo Juan , Lei Yanjun , Luo Qingqing , Zhu Biqiong , Zhou Ming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study assessed the global cancer burden due to occupational carcinogens (OCs) using data from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. Mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were employed to assess the evolving trend of cancer attributable to occupational risk. The analysis was conducted by age, year, geographical location, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Subsequently, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) values were calculated. Globally, asbestos exposure showed the most severe impact on age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized DALY rate but decreased significantly. Conversely, diesel engine exhaust exposure increased, with EAPCs of 0.80 for deaths. Trichloroethylene exposure, although low in absolute terms, exhibited the fastest growth with an EAPC of 1.21 in age-standardized DALY rate. Notably, diesel engine exhaust exposure in South Asia and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania increased significantly in age-standardized DALY rate. Regions with low to middle SDI, such as South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, showed the highest increases in OC-related cancer burdens in age-standardized DALY rate. Lesotho, Kenya, and Egypt exhibited the fastest growth, with EAPCs in age-standardized DALY rate of 3.45, 2.13, and 2.95, respectively. High-income regions like the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Italy had the most severe OC-related cancer of ASDR burdens in 2021. OC exposure remains a major contributor to the global cancer burden, especially from asbestos and silica. Exposure to diesel engine exhaust was associated with increased risk of cancers, particularly in low -to -middle SDI regions such as South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
Quantifying coral reef carbonate budgets: a comparison between ReefBudget and CoralNet
Authors: Pilly Sivajyodee Sannassy , Townsend Joseph E , Alisa Cut Aja Gita , Razak Tries B , Roche Ronan C , Turner John R , Chan Stephen , Kriegman David J , Andersson Andreas J , Perry Chris T , Lange Ines D , Courtney Travis A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Calcium carbonate production constitutes one of the core processes that drive coral reef ecosystem functioning and can be assessed using in-water or image-based survey methods, which have not previously been compared. This study compares carbonate production estimates from in-water ReefBudget surveys and image-based CoralNet analyses in Puerto Rico, Indonesia, and Chagos Archipelago. Methods were compared for different regions (Western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific), reef settings (low and high coral cover), CoralNet calcification versions (v1 and v2), and input metrics (regional vs local coral growth rates). We show similar gross carbonate production estimates between methods, indicating that area-normalised scaling of calcification rates and assumptions about colony size and rugosity employed in CoralNet produce comparable estimates to ReefBudget surveys. Divergences in carbonate production estimates are potentially driven by differences in survey methods (reef contour measurements vs planar imagery) and survey effort, which affect calcifier cover estimates, particularly at low coral cover sites. Local vs regional growth rate comparisons suggest site-specific factors can influence accuracy more than method choice. Our findings suggest that image-based methods can allow rapid reef-scale calcification estimates from photo or video imagery. These methods, combined with machine-learning substrate classification algorithms, can estimate both benthic cover and carbonate production over larger reef areas and can be applied to historically collected benthic cover data to track carbonate production trends. We encourage researchers to recognize situation-specific differences in methodologies and select the one most suitable for their specific study site, required level of accuracy, and time constraints for fieldwork and image analysis.
Mathematical Approaches to Understanding Prostate Cancer Progression: A Compartmental Modeling Study in Ghana
Authors: Bosson-Amedenu Senyefia , Ayitey Emmanuel , Anafo Abdulzeid Yen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This study explores the dynamics of prostate cancer progression, aiming to understand how different stages of the disease interact over time. By constructing two-state, three-state, and four-state compartmental models, the research seeks to provide insights into the impact of disease transition rates and mortality on the spread of prostate cancer. Each model represents a stepwise progression of cancer, highlighting how early detection and treatment could influence disease management and patient outcomes.
Methods
The study employs compartmental modeling to simulate transitions between healthy individuals and those in various stages of prostate cancer in Ghana. The models range from a two-state system, which captures the basic transition from healthy to cancerous states, to a four-state model that includes early-stage, advanced-stage, and treatment compartments. Parameter estimation techniques and sensitivity analyses were used to assess the impact of transition and mortality rates. Statistical methods, including sensitivity and parameter estimation analyses, were applied to understand how variations in these rates affect overall cancer dynamics.
Results
The two-state model showed a clear inverse relationship between healthy individuals and the incidence of prostate cancer, suggesting a rapid decline in healthy individuals as cancer cases increase. The three-state model provided a more nuanced understanding by differentiating between early and advanced stages, demonstrating the importance of early detection. The four-state model incorporated the effects of treatment, revealing that effective intervention could significantly alter the progression dynamics. Sensitivity analyses highlighted the influence of early-stage detection and the treatment stage on controlling the spread of prostate cancer.
Conclusions
This research contributes to the importance of early detection and timely treatment in managing prostate cancer. The findings suggest that intervention strategies should be tailored based on disease stage. By refining our understanding of prostate cancer progression through compartmental modeling, this study offers a mathematical model for further research and provides potential pathways for optimizing treatment approaches to enhance patient outcomes.