bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineating species in the speciation continuum: A proposal
Authors: Galtier Nicolas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDelineating species is a difficult and seemingly uninteresting issue that is still essential to address. Taxonomic methodology is heterogeneous according to the taxa and scientists involved due to the disparate data quality and quantity and disagreements over the species concept. This has negative impacts on basic and applied research. Genomic data substantially enhance our understanding of the speciation process but do not provide a ubiquitous solution to the species problem. The relevance of comparative approaches in speciation research has nevertheless recently been demonstrated. I suggest moving towards a more unified taxonomic classification through a reference‐based decision procedure.
Major bleeding with antithrombotic agents: a 2012–2015 study using the French nationwide Health Insurance database linked to emergency department records within five areas – rationale and design of SACHA study
Authors: Bouget Jacques , Balusson Frédéric , Scailteux Lucie‐Marie , Maignan Maxime , Roy Pierre‐Marie , L'her Erwan , Pavageau Laure , Nowak Emmanuel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBleeding represents the most recognized and feared complications of antithrombotic drugs including oral anticoagulants. Previous studies showed inconsistent results on the safety profile. Among explanations, bleeding definition could vary and classification bias exists related to the lack of medical evaluation. To quantify the risk of major haemorrhagic event and event‐free survival associated with antithrombotic drugs (vitamin K antagonist [VKA], non‐VKA anticoagulant [NOAC], antiplatelet agent, parenteral anticoagulant) in 2012–2015, we linked the French nationwide Health Insurance database (SNIIRAM) with a local ‘emergency database’ (clinical and biological data collected in clinical records). In the VKA‐NOAC comparison, a Cox regression analysis will be used to estimate the hazard ratio of major haemorrhagic event adjusted on gender, modified HAS‐BLED score and comorbidities. A distinction on the type of major haemorrhagic event (intracranial, gastrointestinal and other haemorrhagic events) was made. We present here the study protocol and the database linkage results. Using six linkage keys, among 3 837 557 hospital visits identified in SNIIRAM, 5264 have been matched with a major haemorrhagic event identified in the ‘emergency database’, thus clinically confirmed. The 1090 unmatched haemorrhagic events could be explained by the fact that patients were not extracted in the SNIIRAM database (patients living in accommodation establishment with internal use of pharmacy, military people with specific insurance…). We showed the value of SNIIRAM enrichment with a clinical database, a necessary step to categorize haemorrhagic events by a clinically relevant definition and medical validation; it will allow to estimate more accuracy each type of haemorrhagic event.
Chilling and forcing temperatures interact to predict the onset of wood formation in Northern Hemisphere conifers
Authors: Delpierre Nicolas , Lireux Ségolène , Hartig Florian , Camarero Jesus Julio , Cheaib Alissar , Čufar Katarina , Cuny Henri , Deslauriers Annie , Fonti Patrick , Gričar Jožica , Huang Jian‐Guo , Krause Cornelia , Liu Guohua , de Luis Martin , Mäkinen Harri , del Castillo Edurne Martinez , Morin Hubert , Nöjd Pekka , Oberhuber Walter , Prislan Peter , Rossi Sergio , Saderi Seyedeh Masoumeh , Treml Vaclav , Vavrick Hanus , Rathgeber Cyrille B. K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe phenology of wood formation is a critical process to consider for predicting how trees from the temperate and boreal zones may react to climate change. Compared to leaf phenology, however, the determinism of wood phenology is still poorly known. Here, we compared for the first time three alternative ecophysiological model classes (threshold models, heat‐sum models and chilling‐influenced heat‐sum models) and an empirical model in their ability to predict the starting date of xylem cell enlargement in spring, for four major Northern Hemisphere conifers (Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Picea mariana). We fitted models with Bayesian inference to wood phenological data collected for 220 site‐years over Europe and Canada. The chilling‐influenced heat‐sum model received most support for all the four studied species, predicting validation data with a 7.7‐day error, which is within one day of the observed data resolution. We conclude that both chilling and forcing temperatures determine the onset of wood formation in Northern Hemisphere conifers. Importantly, the chilling‐influenced heat‐sum model showed virtually no spatial bias whichever the species, despite the large environmental gradients considered. This suggests that the spring onset of wood formation is far less affected by local adaptation than by environmentally driven plasticity. In a context of climate change, we therefore expect rising winter–spring temperature to exert ambivalent effects on the spring onset of wood formation, tending to hasten it through the accumulation of forcing temperature, but imposing a higher forcing temperature requirement through the lower accumulation of chilling.
The American Headache Society Position Statement On Integrating New Migraine Treatments Into Clinical Practice
Authors:   American Headache Society
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo provide healthcare professionals with updated guidance in the use of novel preventive and acute treatments for migraine in adults.BackgroundThe principles of preventive and acute pharmacotherapy for patients with migraine have been outlined previously, but the emergence of new technologies and treatments, as well as new formulations of previously established treatments, has created a need for an updated guidance on the preventive and acute treatment of migraine.MethodsThis statement is based on a review of existing guidelines and principles for preventive and acute treatment of migraine, as well as the results of recent clinical trials of drugs and devices for these indications. Input was sought from health insurance providers, employers, pharmacy benefit service companies, device manufacturers, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, patients, and patient advocates. Expert clinicians and researchers in the field of headache medicine from across North America and the European Union provided input and feedback.ResultsThe principles of pharmacologic preventive treatment of migraine with oral treatments have been as follows: use evidence‐based treatments when possible and appropriate; start with a low dose and titrate slowly; reach a therapeutic dose if possible; allow for an adequate treatment trial duration; establish expectations of therapeutic response and adverse events; and maximize adherence. Newer injectable treatments may work faster and may not need titration. The principles of acute treatment include: use evidence‐based treatments when possible and appropriate; treat early after the onset of a migraine attack; choose a nonoral route of administration for selected patients; account for tolerability and safety issues; consider self‐administered rescue treatments; and avoid overuse of acute medications. Neuromodulation and biobehavioral therapy may be appropriate for preventive and acute treatment, depending on the needs of individual patients. Neuromodulation may be useful for patients who prefer nondrug therapies or who respond poorly, cannot tolerate, or have contraindications to pharmacotherapy.ConclusionsThis statement updates prior recommendations and outlines the indications for initiating, continuing, combining, and switching preventive and acute treatments of migraine.
Porous alumina scaffolds chemically modified by calcium phosphate minerals and their application in bone grafts
Authors: Silva André D. R. , Rigoli Willian R. , Mello Daphne C. R. , Vasconcellos Luana M. R. , Pallone Eliria M. J. A. , Lobo Anderson O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe chemical modification of porous ceramic scaffold surfaces with calcium phosphate surges as an alternative to improve the bioactivity to be used as bone grafts. The biomimetic method has been commonly used to modify surfaces of Ti alloys but surges as alternative to modify ceramic biomaterials. Herein, we modified the surface of Al2O3 scaffolds with calcium phosphate minerals and strontium using the biomimetic method. The scaffolds were chemically treated using H3PO4 solution and then immersed in simulated body fluid 5× solution for 14 days. For the incorporation of strontium, they were immersed in an aqueous solution of 100 ppm analytical‐grade Sr(NO3)2 under magnetic stirring. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray microtomography, X‐ray diffraction, near‐infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The biocompatibility and ability to differentiate osteoblasts in vitro were evaluated using human cells. The incorporation of strontium into the phosphate structure was verified. Scaffolds were obtained with high porosity, three‐dimensional structures, and the preferential adhesion and maturation of osteoblastic cells, which are essential to promote bone regeneration in vivo.
The lysyl oxidase like 2/3 enzymatic inhibitor, PXS‐5153A, reduces crosslinks and ameliorates fibrosis
Authors: Schilter Heidi , Findlay Alison D. , Perryman Lara , Yow Tin T. , Moses Joshua , Zahoor Amna , Turner Craig I. , Deodhar Mandar , Foot Jonathan S. , Zhou Wenbin , Greco Angelique , Joshi Amar , Rayner Benjamin , Townsend Sarah , Buson Alberto , Jarolimek Wolfgang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and crosslinked proteins, in particular collagen and elastin, leading to tissue stiffening and disrupted organ function. Lysyl oxidases are key players during this process, as they initiate collagen crosslinking through the oxidation of the ε‐amino group of lysine or hydroxylysine on collagen side‐chains, which subsequently dimerize to form immature, or trimerize to form mature, collagen crosslinks. The role of LOXL2 in fibrosis and cancer is well documented, however the specific enzymatic function of LOXL2 and LOXL3 during disease is less clear. Herein, we describe the development of PXS‐5153A, a novel mechanism based, fast‐acting, dual LOXL2/LOXL3 inhibitor, which was used to interrogate the role of these enzymes in models of collagen crosslinking and fibrosis. PXS‐5153A dose‐dependently reduced LOXL2‐mediated collagen oxidation and collagen crosslinking in vitro. In two liver fibrosis models, carbon tetrachloride or streptozotocin/high fat diet‐induced, PXS‐5153A reduced disease severity and improved liver function by diminishing collagen content and collagen crosslinks. In myocardial infarction, PXS‐5153A improved cardiac output. Taken together these results demonstrate that, due to their crucial role in collagen crosslinking, inhibition of the enzymatic activities of LOXL2/LOXL3 represents an innovative therapeutic approach for the treatment of fibrosis.
Morphology and Phylogeny of Calyptospora paranaidji n. sp. (Eimeriorina: Calyptosporidae), an Apicomplexan Parasite of the Hepatic Tissue of Cichla piquiti Kullander & Ferreira, 2006, From a Reservoir in the Brazilian Amazon Region
Authors: da Silva Marcelo F. , da Silva Diehgo T. , Giese Elane G. , Hamoy Igor G. , Matos Edilson R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe coccidians of the family Calyptosporidae are parasites of the tissue and organs of fish and aquatic invertebrates, in particular in the tropical region. In contrast with other apicomplexans of the suborder Eimeriorina, the diversity and ecology of the species of the genus Calyptospora have been poorly investigated, resulting in a lacuna that restricts the understanding of the distribution and prevalence of this group of eukaryote microparasites in the Amazon region. In the present study, the integrated comparative analysis of morphological characteristics, histological and structural traits, and the sequences of a fragment of the 18S rRNA gene, provides support for the identification of a new species of Calyptospora, found parasitizing the hepatic tissue of the piscivorous blue peacock bass, Cichla piquiti, captured in the reservoir of the Estreito hydroelectric dam on the middle Tocantins River in northern Brazil. This new species was named Calyptospora paranaidji n. sp.
Association of Informal Caregiver Distress with Health Outcomes of Community‐Dwelling Dementia Care Recipients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stall Nathan M. , Kim Sanghun J. , Hardacre Kate A. , Shah Prakesh S. , Straus Sharon E. , Bronskill Susan E. , Lix Lisa M. , Bell Chaim M. , Rochon Paula A. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundMost dementia care occurs in the community with support from informal caregivers who are often distressed. Dementia caregiver distress is known to be hazardous to the caregiver's health, but the impact on the dementia care recipient is not well known.MethodsWe searched the Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases from inception until June 2017 for studies investigating the association of informal caregiver distress with health outcomes of community‐dwelling dementia care recipients. The search results were screened and then data abstracted, and the risk of bias was appraised independently by pairs of reviewers.ResultsWe included 81 original investigations (n = 43 761 caregivers and dementia care recipients). Sixty‐six studies (81.5%) were observational or cross‐sectional in design, and 47 studies (58%) had a low risk of bias. There was considerable clinical and methodological heterogeneity precluding quantitative synthesis. Dementia care recipients (n = 21 881) had a mean age of 78.2 years (SD ± 3.8 y), half (50.0%) were women, and two‐thirds (66.1%) had Alzheimer's disease. The dementia caregivers (n = 21 880) had a mean age of 62.5 years (SD ± 23.3), three‐quarters (74.1%) were women, and one‐half (50.5%) were spouses of the dementia care recipient. Twenty‐two unique dementia care recipient outcomes were studied including cognition, mood, quality of life, function, healthcare utilization, and costs. Overall, informal caregiver distress is commonly associated with the institutionalization of the dementia care recipient, worsening behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and experiencing elder abuse.ConclusionInformal caregiving is a cornerstone of dementia care, and distress related to this role is associated with worsening of several dementia care recipient health outcomes. It is important that clinicians and researchers worldwide consider the broader consequences of caregiver distress. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:609–617, 2019.
Six years of experience using an advanced algorithm for botulinum toxin application
Authors: Casabona Gabriela , Kaye Kai , Barreto Marchese Paula , Boggio Ricardo , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundBotulinum toxin (BTX) products continue to be widely used for facial rejuvenation. Variables to consider prior to BTX treatment include the anatomical area to be treated, gender, muscle mass, ethnicity, skin thickness, and the effects of aging.ObjectiveTo describe a treatment algorithm which has been developed for facial rejuvenation to help physicians to easily and systematically customize BTX treatment, and to describe its use in a large number of patients.Methods and MaterialsPrior to treatment, digital images of patients were obtained while relaxed and while forming different facial expressions. This information was used to plan the depth, dose, and location of BTX injections (onabotulinumtoxinA; Botox®; Allergan, Inc). Dilution was 100 U of BTX to 1 mL 0.9% preserved saline. Injections were performed with 30 U insulin syringes and 30 gauge needles.ResultsThe treatment algorithm described here has been used by the author for facial rejuvenation for more than 5 years. It was originally based on published guidelines; however, by carefully noting treatment outcomes, the number and location of injection points and the dose of BTX used have been modified to create the current treatment system.ConclusionPublished guidelines for the use of BTX are an excellent starting point for clinicians with little experience; however, each practitioner is likely to develop their own algorithm for achieving good facial rejuvenation outcomes.
Microneedling by dermapen and glycolic acid peel for the treatment of acne scars: Comparative study
Authors: Saadawi Amr N. , Esawy Abdulla M. , Kandeel Abdalla H. , El‐Sayed Walaa 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundMany methods have been performed to achieve a satisfying outcome in acne scars but some of them were high cost and also were associated with low results and some complications.ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety therapy of glycolic acid (GA) peel, microneedling with dermapen and a combination of both procedures in treatment of atrophic acne scars.Patents and methodsThis study was conducted on 30 patients suffering from acne scars. They were randomly assigned into three groups, each group included 10 patients; group I was treated with GA peel, group II treated was with microneedling. Group III received a combination of both procedures. All patients received six sessions with 2‐week intervals. The clinical assessment was based on the qualitative global scar grading system before and after treatment, quartile grading scale, and degree of patient satisfaction.ResultsThere was a statistically significant decrease in acne scars grade after treatment among the studied groups (P = 0.04) but it was higher in group III. There was improvement in boxcar, ice pick, and rolling scars in all groups, respectively (P = 0.03, P = 0.04, P = 0.04). Patients' satisfaction was higher in group III (P = 0.04).ConclusionThe combination of dermapen and GA peel is more effective than monotherapy.
PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE NOGAL BASIN AND SURROUNDING AREA, NORTHERN SOMALIA: PART 1, STRATIGRAPHY AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION
Authors: Ali M. Y. , Lee J. 
Published: December 2018

In this study, 92 closely‐spaced reflection seismic profiles (∼4000 line‐km) were tied to biostratigraphic and lithological data from six deep exploration wells in the poorly‐known Nogal rift basin, northern Somalia, and were integrated with outcrop and aeromagnetic data to investigate the basin stratigraphy and tectonic evolution. Aeromagnetic data show NW‐SE trending magnetic anomalies which are interpreted as plutonic bodies intruded during the Early Cretaceous, probably contemporaneously with a pre‐Cenomanian uplift phase. The aeromagnetic data also suggest a change of basement type from Inda Ad Series metasediments in the SE of the study area to igneous and high‐grade metamorphic basement in the NW. Biostratigraphic data and seismic reflection profiles define the Nogal Basin as a WNW–ESE striking half‐graben, approximately 250 km long and 40 km wide, which formed as a result of mainly Cenomanian–Maastrichtian and Oligocene–Miocene intracontinental rifting. The depocentre contains at least 7000 m of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments and is located in the centre of the basin (east of well Nogal‐1), to the south of the Shileh Madu Range. To the north, the basin is bounded by a major border fault along which significant variations in the thickness of sedimentary units are observed, suggesting that the fault controlled basin architecture and patterns of sedimentation. Oligocene–Miocene normal faults which resulted in north‐tilted fault blocks are widespread within the main basin; smaller‐scale sub‐basins oriented NW‐SE to WNW‐ESE are observed to the NW of the basin and probably developed contemporaneously.The Late Jurassic rift phase which has been documented elsewhere in northern Somalia is either missing in the Nogal Basin or is preserved only in localised grabens in the western and central parts of the basin. This is probably due to the pre‐Cenomanian uplift and erosion which removed almost the entire Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous successions over a wide area referred to as the Nogal‐Erigavo Arch. A more pronounced rifting episode followed this erosional event in the Cenomanian–Maastrichtian and resulted in the deposition of well‐sorted fluvio‐deltaic sandstones (Gumburo and Jesomma Formations), more than 2000 m thick. In wells in the Nogal Basin, these formations are between two and three times thicker than in wells drilled in footwall locations, and include excellent reservoir rocks sealed by transgressive mudstones and carbonates. A final rifting event in the Oligocene–Miocene was related to the opening of the Gulf of Aden. A rift sag phase which accommodated the Early Oligocene continental sediments of the Nogal Group initially developed at the centre of the basin. This was followed by a period of strong rotational faulting and tilting, which reactivated the Cenomanian–Maastrichtian structures.
Baseline sensitivity and control efficacy of fluazinam against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Henan Province, China
Authors: Liu Shengming , Jiang Jia , Che Zhiping , Tian Yuee , Chen Genqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a devastating disease in Henan Province, of the main rapeseed production areas in China. Fluazinam belongs to the broad‐spectrum phenylpyridinamine fungicides, which have high activity in inhibiting the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum. In this study, 191 field isolates were obtained from different oilseed rape fields in Henan Province, before being exposed to fluazinam in 2015. The baseline sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to fluazinam was established. The effective concentration for 50% inhibition of mycelial growth (EC50) ranged from 0.0019 to 0.0337 μg/ml, and the mean EC50 value was 0.0084 ± 0.0055 μg/ml. The range of the frequency distribution was narrow. The results of a cross‐resistance assay revealed no cross‐resistance between fluazinam and carbendazim, dimethachlone, boscalid or fludioxonil. Field efficacy tests showed that the control efficacies of fluazinam (50% WG) applied at 150, 225 and 300 g ai ha−1 were 67%, 73% and 88%, respectively. In contrast, the control efficacies of boscalid (50% WG) and carbendazim (50% WP) applied at 225 and 1,500 g ai ha−1 were 71% and 52%, respectively.