bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Claims at National Collegiate Athletic Association Institutions: The Athletic Trainer's Role
Authors: Killinger Tyler P. , Schellhase Kristen Couper 
Published: October 2018

Context
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institutions are required to certify insurance coverage of medical expenses for injuries student-athletes sustain while participating in NCAA events. Institutions assign this role to a variety of employees, including athletic trainers (ATs), athletic administrators, business managers, secretaries, and others. In 1994, Street et al observed that ATs were responsible for administering medical claim payments at 68.1% of institutions. Anecdotally, ATs do not always feel well suited to perform these tasks.

Objective
To investigate the ways athletic associations and departments coordinate athletic medical claims and the role of ATs in this process.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Online Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants
All 484 National Athletic Trainers' Association members self-identified as a head AT within an NCAA collegiate or university setting were solicited to respond to the online Web-based survey. Responses from 184 (38%) head ATs employed in collegiate settings were analyzed.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Institutional demographic characteristics, type of insurance coverage, person assigned to handle insurance claims, hours spent managing claims, and training for the task.

Results
In 62% of institutions, an AT was responsible for processing athletic medical claims. The head and assistant ATs spent means of 6.17 and 10.32 hours per week, respectively, managing claims. Most respondents (62.1%) reported no formal training in handling athletic medical insurance claims. When asked when and how it was most appropriate to learn these concepts, 35.3% cited within an accredited athletic training program curriculum, 32.9% preferred on-the-job training, and 31.1% selected via continuing education.

Conclusions
At NCAA institutions, ATs were responsible for administering athletic medical claims, a task in which most had no formal training. An AT may not possess adequate skills or time to handle athletic medical claims. Even if ATs are not solely responsible for this task, they remain involved as the coordinators of care. Athletic training programs, professional organizations that offer continuing education, and hiring institutions should consider focusing on and training appropriate personnel to manage athletic medical claims.
Smoothing of Limit Linear Series on Curves and Metrized Complexes of Pseudocompact Type
Authors: He Xiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe investigate the connection between Osserman limit series (on curves of pseudocompact type) and Amini–Baker limit linear series (on metrized complexes with corresponding underlying curve) via a notion of pre-limit linear series on curves of the same type. Then, applying the smoothing theorems of Osserman limit linear series, we deduce that, fixing certain metrized complexes, or for certain types of Amini–Baker limit linear series, the smoothability is equivalent to a certain “weak glueing condition”. Also for arbitrary metrized complexes of pseudocompact type the weak glueing condition (when it applies) is necessary for smoothability. As an application we confirm the lifting property of specific divisors on the metric graph associated with a certain regular smoothing family, and give a new proof of a result of Cartright, Jensen, and Payne for vertex-avoiding divisors, and generalize it for divisors of rank one in the sense that, for the metric graph, there could be at most three edges (instead of two) between any pair of adjacent vertices.
Vanishing Fourier Transforms and Generalized Differences in
Authors: Nillsen Rodney 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLet
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in \mathbb{R}$
and
$s\in \mathbb{N}$
be given. Let
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{x}$
denote the Dirac measure at
$x\in \mathbb{R}$
, and let
$\ast$
denote convolution. If
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$
is a measure,
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}^{\star }$
is the measure that assigns to each Borel set
$A$
the value
$\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(-A)}$
. If
$u\in \mathbb{R}$
, we put
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},u}=e^{iu(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})/2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{0}-e^{iu(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})/2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{u}$
. Then we call a function
$g\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$
a generalized

$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})$
-difference of order

$2s$
if for some
$u\in \mathbb{R}$
and
$h\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$
we have
$g=[\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},u}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},u}^{\star }]^{s}\ast h$
. We denote by
${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$
the vector space of all functions
$f$
in
$L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$
such that
$f$
is a finite sum of generalized
$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})$
-differences of order
$2s$
. It is shown that every function in
${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$
is a sum of
$4s+1$
generalized
$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})$
-differences of order
$2s$
. Letting
$\widehat{f}$
denote the Fourier transform of a function
$f\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$
, it is shown that
$f\in {\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$
if and only if
$\widehat{f}$
“vanishes” near
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$
and
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$
at a rate comparable with
$(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})^{2s}(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})^{2s}$
. In fact,
${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$
is a Hilbert space where the inner product of functions
$f$
and
$g$
is
$\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }(1+(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})^{-2s}(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})^{-2s})\widehat{f}(x)\overline{\widehat{g}(x)}\,dx$
. Letting
$D$
denote differentiation, and letting
$I$
denote the identity operator, the operator
$(D^{2}-i(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})D-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}I)^{s}$
is bounded with multiplier
$(-1)^{s}(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})^{s}(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})^{s}$
, and the Sobolev subspace of
$L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$
of order
$2s$
can be given a norm equivalent to the usual one so that
$(D^{2}-i(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})D-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}I)^{s}$
becomes an isometry onto the Hilbert space
${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$
. So a space
${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$
may be regarded as a type of Sobolev space having a negative index.
Neurocognitive Rehabilitation: Skills or Strategies?
Authors: Giles Gordon Muir 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The author describes personal and professional milestones in becoming an occupational therapist and his early experience in the first behavior disorder program for neurologically based aggression in the world. A real clinical example is used to bring these early lessons into vivid focus. New evidence underlines occupational therapists’ unique role in skill–habit training in clients with severe neurological impairment. For clients with milder impairments, irrespective of diagnosis, strategy training may maximize community independence and reduce hospital recidivism. The concept of functional cognition is described as an important development for the profession. Even in an environment of rapid innovation, occupational therapists need to recognize that it is the commonplace activities that have meaning for the individual that really matter. This is both the art and science of occupational therapy, and it will never be superseded by technological innovation because true creativity and genuine empathy cannot be mechanized.
Prediction of prostate cancer by deep learning with multilayer artificial neural network
Authors: Takeuchi Takumi , Hattori-Kato Mami , Okuno Yumiko , Iwai Satoshi , Mikami Koji 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: To predict the rate of prostate cancer detection on prostate biopsy more accurately, the performance of deep learning using a multilayer artificial neural network was investigated.
Methods: A total of 334 patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging before ultrasonography guided transrectal 12-core prostate biopsy were enrolled in the analysis. Twenty-two non-selected variables, as well as selected ones by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analysis and by stepwise logistic regression analysis, were input into the constructed multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) programs; 232 patients were used as training cases of ANN programs and the remaining 102 patients were for the test to output the probability of prostate cancer existence, accuracy of prostate cancer prediction, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with the learned model.
Results: With any prostate cancer objective variable, Lasso and stepwise regression analyses selected 12 and nine explanatory variables, respectively, from 22. Using trained ANNs with multiple hidden layers, the accuracy of predicting any prostate cancer in test samples was about 5–10% higher compared to that with logistic regression analysis (LR). The area under the curves (AUC) with multilayer ANN were significantly larger on inputting variables that were selected by the stepwise LR compared with the AUC with LR. The ANN had a higher net benefit than LR between prostate cancer probability cutoff values of 0.38 and 0.6.
Conclusions: ANN accurately predicted prostate cancer without biopsy marginally better than LR. However, for clinical application, ANN performance may still need improvement.
Leiderschapsdilemma’s van burgemeesters in tijden van verandering
Authors: Çelik Saniye , Hopman Nikol 
Published: October 2018

Leadership dilemmas of mayors in times of change
A polarizing society, ever-changing politics and an administrative field that is fragmented: that is the present world of Dutch mayors. These three processes have had a profound impact on local government and on the office of mayor. The position of the mayor has become vulnerable and his or her functioning is being put under a magnifying glass, sometimes leading to negative imaging and even a premature departure of mayors. More and sometimes conflicting demands are being imposed on mayors on the basis of their different tasks and responsibilities, as a result of which their positional authority has come under pressure, among other things. Based on discussions with 20 Dutch mayors, the authors of this essay present five central leadership dilemmas for mayors: (1) internal versus external connection; (2) authenticity versus adaptability; (3) involvement versus distance; (4) setting the course versus being of service; and (5) knowledge of content versus process monitoring. Coping with these leadership dilemmas also requires a different set of skills. First, the mayor must be pro-active and have a good antenna for new developments. Secondly, it is essential that he or she not only keeps in mind the short-term perspective, but also the middle-term and the long-term perspective. Thirdly, the mayor is expected to be able to combine hard and soft personality traits: just being nice is not enough.
Study on the Detection of Total Colony in Medical and Health Environment Based on ATP Bioluminescence
Authors: Li Zhe 
Published: October 2018

In this paper, the application of ATP fluorescence in the detection of colonies in the health environment of hospitals was studied. Firstly, the principle of ATP bioluminescence method was described. Then, ATP bioluminescence and plate count method were used to test the density of the surface of the objects in selected area, taking the time points 2 hours after disinfection as the time nodes. The results showed that the difference between the qualified rate of ATP bioluminescence assay and the plate count method was statistically significant {P<0.01}. Therefore, ATP bioluminescence method was highly correlated with bacterial culture method. The correlation coefficient of pass rate of the two methods was 0.782, which indicated that there was a positive correlation between the two test results. Besides, the detection results showed that ATP bioluminescence method had higher sensitivity than plate counting method. Therefore, ATP bioluminescence method was more suitable for the rapid detection of the colony of hospital health environment, and helps the hospital to better manage its environmental hygiene conditions.
Patients Suffer While the Science Establishment Resists Innovative Therapies
Authors: Miller Henry I. 
Published: October 2018

Human gene therapy has been up to now of a type that affects only the patient being treated; it has not modified sperm or eggs cells or embryos in a way that would constitute “germ line gene therapy” (GLGT) by creating a heritable change and affecting future generations. Preclinical research has progressed almost to the point where GLGT interventions will be possible with a reasonable likelihood of success, but such clinical trials are currently prohibited: NIH's Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee is not permitted even to consider such proposals, and the FDA cannot use appropriated funds to review such trials. Such absolute prohibitions are bad for patients and bad public policy.
Severe sleep apnea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration and desaturation in patients with decompensated heart failure at high altitude
Authors: Vargas-Ramirez Leslie , Gonzalez-Garcia Mauricio , Franco-Reyes Camilo , Bazurto-Zapata Maria Angelica 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To determine the sleep-disordered breathing in patients with decompensated HF (DHF) at an altitude of 2640m.
Methods: Polysomnogram during the first 48 hours of admission in patients hospitalized for DHF. Sleep apnea (SA) was defined as an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > 5/hour and central sleep apnea (CSA) as central apnea index (CAI) ≥ 50% of the AHI.
Results: Sixteen participants, LVEF 24.2±9.9%. All patients had SA, severe in 12 (75%), CSA in 8 (50%) and 7 (43.8%) presented Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR). Out of the eight patients with obstructive SA, five had a central component (CAI ≥ 5/h). The SpO2 decreased during sleep to 80.6±5.5% and in patients with CSR to 77.6±6.9%.
Conclusions: At an altitude of 2640m all patients with DHF presented sleep apnea, most were severe, with CSA and a significant percentage of CSR that was associated with higher oxygen desaturation.
Refinements to captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) care: a selfmedication paradigm
Authors: Neal Webb SJ , Hau J , Schapiro SJ 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn an effort to enhance welfare, behavioural management continually refines methods of non-human primate (NHP) care. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are one of the most cognitively complex captive NHPs and they have been observed to self-medicate in the wild. The population of captive chimpanzees in the US is aged (due to a breeding moratorium instituted in 1998) and will progressively require more medical care as they get older. To functionally simulate natural self-medication behaviour, provide chimpanzees with the opportunity to voluntarily participate in their own healthcare, and open new avenues of communication between caregivers and chimpanzees, we used a medication choice paradigm that allowed chimpanzees to choose their daily arthritis medication. We provided four arthritic, mobility-impaired chimpanzees with meloxicam or ibuprofen in blue or green Gatorade® to establish associations between the coloured drinks and the effects of the medications. We subsequently gave each chimpanzee a choice between the two medications. Behaviour was recorded using 15-min focal animal observations. Mobility was assessed using interactive mobility tests and a caregiver-rating system. One chimpanzee showed a medication preference (ibuprofen over meloxicam). The chimpanzees exhibited no significant behavioural or mobility differences over time, suggesting that ibuprofen and meloxicam may not differ significantly in their ability to alleviate arthritic symptoms. Whether or not the chimpanzees show a medication preference, the opportunity to make meaningful choices and the functional simulation of a complex behaviour, self-medication, is present when using this medication choice technique. Furthermore, the paradigm itself could have potential applications for additional medication options and treatment regimens.
Pushing the limits of whole genome amplification: successful sequencing of RADseq library from a single microhymenopteran (Chalcidoidea,Trichogramma)
Authors: Cruaud Astrid , Groussier Géraldine , Genson Guenaëlle , Sauné Laure , Polaszek Andrew , Rasplus Jean-Yves 
Published: October 2018

A major obstacle to high-throughput genotyping of microhymenoptera is their small size. As species are difficult to discriminate, and because complexes may exist, the sequencing of a pool of specimens is hazardous. Thus, one should be able to sequence pangenomic markers (e.g., RADtags) from a single specimen. To date, whole genome amplification (WGA) prior to library construction is still a necessity as at most 10 ng of DNA can be obtained from single specimens (sometimes less). However, this amount of DNA is not compatible with manufacturer’s requirements for commercial kits. Here we test the accuracy of the GenomiPhi kit V2 onTrichogrammawasps by comparing RAD libraries obtained from the WGA of single specimens (F0 and F1 generation, about1 ng input DNA for the WGA (0.17–2.9 ng)) and a biological amplification of genomic material (the pool of the progeny of the F1 generation). Globally, we found that 99% of the examined loci (up to 48,189 for one of the crosses, 109 bp each) were compatible with the mode of reproduction of the studied model (haplodiploidy) and Mendelian inheritance of alleles. The remaining 1% (0.01% of the analysed nucleotides) could represent WGA bias or other experimental/analytical bias. This study shows that the multiple displacement amplification method on which the GenomiPhi kit relies, could also be of great help for the high-throughput genotyping of microhymenoptera used for biological control, or other organisms from which only a very small amount of DNA can be extracted, such as human disease vectors (e.g., sandflies, fleas, ticks etc.).
Targeting Cx26 Expression by Sustained Release of Cx26 Antisense from Scaffolds Reduces Inflammation and Improves Wound Healing
Authors: Phillips Anthony R. J. , Chin Jiah Shin , Madden Leigh , Gilmartin Daniel J. , Soon Allyson , Thrasivoulou Christopher , Jayasinghe Suwan N. , Miles Michelle , O'Neill Shay , Hu Rebecca , Chew Sing Yian , Becker David L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe gap junction protein connexin 26 (Cx26) is expressed at high levels in naturally hyperthickened epidermal layers as well as pathological hyperkeratotic disease states, such as warts, psoriatic plaques, and chronic wound edges. The overexpression of Cx26 is also linked with inflammation, breakdown of the skin barrier function, and perturbed wound healing. Here, a collagen scaffold implanted into a rat excisional skin wound is used. This induces a foreign body type reaction characterized by epidermal thickening with elevated levels of Cx43 and Cx26, increased inflammation, and perturbed healing. This is reminiscent of a chronic skin wound. If the same scaffolds are coated with an antisense molecule specifically targeting Cx26 that has a slow sustained release, this prevents the abnormal upregulation of Cx26 protein at the wound edge. Knocking down Cx26 protein levels below those seen in normal wound healing has no adverse effects on the healing process but instead reduces the epidermal thickening and also the inflammatory response, while at the same time promotes the healing response. Treatment with Cx43/26 antisense may promote healing of chronic wounds. The Cx26 antisense may also be helpful in treating other skin conditions where Cx26 is overexpressed.
Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells via Nickel Passivation
Authors: Gong Xiu , Guan Li , Pan Haiping , Sun Qiang , Zhao Xiaojuan , Li Hao , Pan Han , Shen Yan , Shao Yong , Sun Lijie , Cui Zhifang , Ding Liming , Wang Mingkui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractToday's state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are utilizing polycrystalline perovskite thin films via solution‐processing at low temperature (<150 °C). It is extremely significant to enlarge grain size and passivate trap states for perovskite thin films to achieve high power conversion efficiency. Herein, a strategy for defect passivation of perovskite films via metal ion Ni2+ is for the first time reported. It is found that addition of Ni2+ can significantly generate polyporous PbI2 films due to a different solubility between NiCl2 and PbI2 which benefits penetration of MAI and thus formation of large grain perovskite films eventually. It further demonstrated that Ni2+ ions can effectively passivate PbI3− antisite defects and restrain the generation of Pb0 by interacting with the under‐coordinated halide anions and halide‐rich antisites. Therefore, introducing moderate Ni2+ ions result in a significant increase in photoluminescence lifetime from 285 to 732 ns. Accordingly, a power conversion efficiency of 20.61% can be achieved for the 3% Ni2+ addition‐based PSCs with an enhanced cell stability under ambient conditions. This work provides a promising route toward perovskite films featuring with high crystallinity and low trap‐density.
Highly Luminescent and Stable Si‐Based CsPbBr3 Quantum Dot Thin Films Prepared by Glow Discharge Plasma with Real‐Time and In Situ Diagnosis
Authors: Lin Zhenxu , Huang Rui , Zhang Wenxing , Zhang Yi , Song Jie , Li Hongliang , Hou Dejian , Guo Yanqing , Song Chao , Wan Neng , Chu Paul K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough all‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have outstanding optoelectronic properties, they tend to have poor stability in air and water, at high temperatures, and under light irradiation. Herein, a glow discharge plasma process incorporating real‐time and in situ diagnosis is designed for efficient encapsulation to improve the stability of CsPbBr3 QD films. An ammonia/silane plasma which has less destructive effects on CsPbBr3 QDs is used in plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition to produce a‐SiNx:H on the CsPbBr3 QDs. The a‐SiNx:H encapsulating layers endow CsPbBr3 QDs with long‐term stability during exposure to air, at a high temperature (205 °C), and in water. In contrast to severe degradation of pure CsPbBr3 QDs under UV illumination, the CsPbBr3 QDs/a‐SiNx:H films show more than 5‐folds increase in photoluminescence intensity after UV illumination for 80 d and long‐term stability is observed after UV illumination for 140 d. The plasma treatment not only stabilizes CsPbBr3 QDs, but enhances photoluminescence efficiency by combining with illumination as well. The nanocomposite films assembled into commercial InGaN chips feature strong cold white emission. Our results reveal a practical way to design and fabricate highly luminescent as well as stable Si‐based CsPbBr3 QD films for future development of optoelectronic devices.