bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematological and serum biochemistry data on southern brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in captivity in Brazil
Authors: Gonçalves Gustavo Henrique Pereira , de Souza Junior Julio César , Pitz Heloisa da Silva , Peruchi Amanda Rezende , Branco Fernanda Schmidt , Hirano Zelinda Maria Braga 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPhysiological values reflect the health condition and responses of individuals to handling in captivity. The aim of this study was to establish hematological and serum biochemistry parameters of clinically healthy animals of the Alouatta guariba clamitans subspecies.MethodsWe collected blood samples from adult males and females kept at the Center for Biological Research of Indaial after chemical containment with 3.9 mg/kg of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam.ResultsSignificant differences between males and females were found in the levels of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT).ConclusionsOur results suggest the existence of sexual dimorphism in some physiological parameters of A guariba clamitans. The parameters reported herein can be used as reference values for other populations kept under similar conditions.
The anatomical society core embryology syllabus for undergraduate medicine
Authors: Holland Jane C. , Smith Claire , O'Shea Marié , Stewart Jane , Ockleford Colin , Finn Gabrielle M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA modified Delphi methodology was used to develop a consensus regarding a series of learning outcome statements to act as the foundation of an undergraduate medical core embryology syllabus. A Delphi panel was formed by recruiting stakeholders with experience in leading undergraduate teaching of medical students. The panel (n = 18), including anatomists, embryologists and practising clinicians, were nominated by members of Council and/or the Education Committee of the Anatomical Society. Following development of an a priori set of learning outcome statements (n = 62) by the authors, panel members were asked in the first of a two‐stage process to ‘accept’, ‘reject’ or ‘modify’ each learning outcome, to propose additional outcomes if desired. In the second stage, the panel was asked to either accept or reject 16 statements which had either been modified, or had failed to reach consensus, during the first Delphi round. Overall, 61 of 62 learning outcome statements, each linked to examples of clinical conditions to provide context, achieved an 80% level of agreement following the modified Delphi process and were therefore deemed accepted for inclusion within the syllabus. The proposed syllabus allows for flexibility within individual curricula, while still prioritising and focusing on the core level of knowledge of embryological processes by presenting the essential elements to all newly qualified doctors, regardless of their subsequent chosen specialty.
Persuasion in Corporate Idea Contests: The Moderating Role of Content Scarcity on Decision‐Making
Authors: Kruft Tobias , Tilsner Christoph , Schindler Andreas , Kock Alexander 
Published: June 2019

Organizations increasingly use corporate online ideation platforms to foster individual innovativeness. Recent research, however, has shown the downside of such contests—the selection of ideas is not entirely rational. Analyzing the impact of content scarcity, which occurs when ideators provide very little issue‐relevant information when submitting ideas, contributes to this new literature stream. The main argument is that evaluators increasingly rely on heuristics based on issue‐irrelevant information when content scarcity obstructs reflective decision‐making. The default‐interventionist model of decision‐making in combination with the Yale attitude change approach allows us to examine the mechanisms evaluators apply when content scarcity occurs. The hypotheses are tested on an extensive data set of 3025 ideas. The results show that content scarcity affects the evaluators' decision‐making process by preventing them from intervening their first intuitive decision. The scarcer the content of the submitted idea, the stronger the persuasiveness of issue‐irrelevant aspects that affect idea selection: aspects of the ideator, message, and community.
Learning the words AND knowing the concepts: an in‐depth study of one expert teacher's use of language as a cultural tool to support inquiry
Authors: Hayden Emily , Baird Michelle Eades , Singh Anupma 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis research explored the practices of one science teacher, expert in her field, as she worked to enact science discourse that incorporated language in naturalistic and rigorous ways. Difficulties in mastering the language of science contribute to troubling and persistent achievement gaps across demographic and gender groups. Science learning is based in discourse, with knowledge built by asking questions, exploring, revising views and asking new questions. But all too often students are not able to participate fully in these opportunities for discourse that is engaging and exploration due to the difficulty of science language. Qualitative analysis of this teacher's use of science discourse to establish clear links between essential science language and concepts and pre/post analysis of a science language assessment reveal important ways that teachers and researchers can work together to design and deliver instruction and assessment that supports students' mastery of sophisticated language and concepts. Results have implications for theory regarding science discourse; language learning, and conceptual development; and provide a model for teacher–researcher partnerships exploring important problems of teaching practice.
Expanding Personhood beyond Remembered Selves: The Sociality of Memory at an Alzheimer's Center in Poland
Authors: Robbins Jessica C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExamining the social and processual dimensions of personhood can transform ethnographic and clinical understandings of “person‐centered care” in dementia care specifically and in medicine more generally. Ethnographic research among people with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease in a day center in Poznań, Poland, shows that practices of remembering involving collective memory can sustain personhood and foster ties of relatedness among people with dementia, defying some expectations about the destructive effects of dementia on personhood. This apparent paradox between people with dementia's loss of memory and their capacity to build social relations based on remembering can be resolved through expanding understandings of personhood to include practices of remembering involving collective pasts—in this case, through shared national frameworks and embodied practices of sociality. Attending to these two dimensions of collective memory reveals unexpected aspects of personhood among people with dementia.
Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are necessary for proper invasive growth in rice blast
Authors: Kou Yanjun , He Yunlong , Qiu Jiehua , Shu Yazhou , Yang Fan , Deng YiZhen , Naqvi Naweed I. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMagnaporthe oryzae causes blast disease, which is one of the most devastating infections in rice and several important cereal crops. Magnaporthe oryzae needs to coordinate gene regulation, morphological changes, nutrient acquisition and host evasion in order to invade and proliferate within the plant tissues. Thus far, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of invasive growth in planta have remained largely unknown. We identified a precise filamentous‐punctate‐filamentous cycle in mitochondrial morphology during Magnaporthe–rice interaction. Interestingly, disruption of such mitochondrial dynamics by deletion of genes regulating either the mitochondrial fusion (MoFzo1) or fission (MoDnm1) machinery, or inhibition of mitochondrial fission using Mdivi‐1 caused significant reduction in M. oryzae pathogenicity. Furthermore, exogenous carbon source(s) but not antioxidant treatment delayed such mitochondrial dynamics/transition during invasive growth. In contrast, carbon starvation induced the breakdown of the mitochondrial network and led to more punctate mitochondria in vitro. Such nutrient‐based regulation of organellar dynamics preceded MoAtg24‐mediated mitophagy, which was found to be essential for proper biotrophic development and invasive growth in planta. We propose that precise mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy occur during the transition from biotrophy to necrotrophy and are required for proper induction and establishment of the blast disease in rice.
Homologues of the RNA binding protein RsmA in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 exhibit distinct binding affinities with non‐coding small RNAs and have distinct roles in virulence
Authors: Ge Yixin , Lee Jae Hoon , Liu Jun , Yang Ho‐wen , Tian Yanli , Hu Baishi , Zhao Youfu 
Published: June 2019

SummaryPseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000) contains five RsmA protein homologues. In this study, four were functionally characterized, with a focus on RsmA2, RsmA3 and RsmA4. RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that RsmA1 and RsmA4 exhibited similar low binding affinities to non‐coding small RNAs (ncsRNAs), whereas RsmA2 and RsmA3 exhibited similar, but much higher, binding affinities to ncsRNAs. Our results showed that both RsmA2 and RsmA3 were required for disease symptom development and bacterial growth in planta by significantly affecting virulence gene expression. All four RsmA proteins, especially RsmA2 and RsmA3, influenced γ‐amino butyric acid utilization and pyoverdine production to some degree, whereas RsmA2, RsmA3 and RsmA4 influenced protease activities. A single RsmA, RsmA3, played a dominant role in regulating motility. Furthermore, reverse transcription quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot results showed that RsmA proteins, especially RsmA2 and RsmA3, regulated target genes and possibly other RsmA proteins at both transcriptional and translational levels. These results indicate that RsmA proteins in PstDC3000 exhibit distinct binding affinities to ncsRNAs and have distinct roles in virulence. Our results also suggest that RsmA proteins in PstDC3000 interact with each other, where RsmA2 and RsmA3 play a major role in regulating various functions in a complex manner.
The effect of early mobilization in critically ill patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zang Kui , Chen Beibei , Wang Min , Chen Doudou , Hui Liangliang , Guo Shiguang , Ji Ting , Shang Futai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to assess if early mobilization and rehabilitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) could reduce ICU‐acquired weakness (ICU‐AW), improve functional recovery, improve muscle strength, shorten the length of ICU and hospital stays, and reduce the mortality rate.MethodsA comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SinoMed (Chinese BioMedical Literature Service System, China), and National Knowledge Infrastructure, China (CNKI) was performed. Results were expressed as a risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) or weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% CIs. Pooled estimates were calculated using a fixed‐effects or random‐effects model according to the heterogeneity among studies.ResultsFifteen randomized controlled trials involving a total of 1941 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. Pooled estimates suggested that early mobilization significantly reduced the incidence of ICU‐AW (RR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.91; P = .025), shortened the length of ICU (WMD = −1.82 days, 95% CI: −2.88, −0.76; P = .001) and hospital (WMD = −3.90 days, 95% CI: −5.94, −1.85; P < .001) stays, and improved the Medical Research Council score (WMD = 4.47, 95% CI: 1.43, 7.52; P = .004) and Barthel Index score at hospital discharge (WMD = 21.44, 95% CI: 10.97, 31.91; P < .001). Moreover, early mobilization also decreased complications such as deep vein thrombosis (RR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.59; P = .006), ventilator‐associated pneumonia (RR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.63; P = .003), and pressure sores (RR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.44; P = .001). However, early mobilization did not reduce the ICU mortality rate (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.76; P = .074), improve the handgrip strength (WMD = 4.03 kg, 95% CI: −0.68, 8.74; P = .094), and shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation (WMD = 0.20 days, 95% CI: −0.10, 0.50; P = .194).ConclusionThis study indicated that early mobilization was effective in preventing the occurrence of ICU‐AW, shortening the length of ICU and hospital stay, and improving the functional mobility. However, it had no effect on the ICU mortality rate and ventilator‐free days.Relevance to clinical practiceICU‐AW is a common neuromuscular complication of critical illness, and it is predictive of adverse outcomes. Early mobilization of critically ill patients is a candidate intervention to reduce the incidence and severity of ICU‐AW. Some clinical studies have demonstrated this, whereas others found opposite results. The aim of our study is to assess if early mobilization and rehabilitation in the ICU could reduce the ICU‐AW, improve functional recovery, improve muscle strength, shorten length of ICU and hospital stay, and reduce the mortality rate.
Iron acquisition strategies in land plants: not so different after all
Authors: Grillet Louis , Schmidt Wolfgang 
Published: June 2019

SummaryDue to its ability to accept and donate electrons, iron (Fe) is an indispensable component of electron transport chains and a cofactor in many vital enzymes. Except for waterlogged conditions, under which the lack of oxygen prevents oxidation and precipitation of iron as Fe3+ hydroxides, the availability of iron in soils is generally far below the plant's demand for optimal growth. Plants have evolved two phylogenetically separated and elaborately regulated strategies to mobilize iron from the soil, featuring mechanisms which are thought to be mutually exclusive. However, recent studies uncovered several shared components of the two strategies, questioning the validity of the concept of mutual exclusivity. Here, we use publicly available data obtained from the model species rice (Oryza sativa) to unveil similarities and incongruities between co‐expression networks derived from transcriptomic profiling of iron‐deficient rice and Arabidopsis plants. This approach revealed striking similarities in the topographies of the resulting co‐expression networks with relatively minor deviations in the molecular attributes of the comprised genes, which nonetheless lead to different physiological functions. The analysis also discovered several novel players that are possibly involved in the regulation plant adaptation to iron deficiency.
Unstable Diffusion Indexes: With an Application to Bond Risk Premia
Authors: Massacci Daniele 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the empirically relevant problem of estimation and inference in diffusion index forecasting models with structural instability. Factor model and factor augmented regression both experience a structural change with different unknown break dates. In the factor model, we estimate factors and loadings by principal components. We consider least squares estimation of the factor augmented regression and propose a break test. The empirical application uncovers instabilities in the linkages between bond risk premia and macroeconomic factors.
Ultrasound‐Guided Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Lower Extremity Pain: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Ferreira‐Dos‐Santos Guilherme , Hurdle Mark Friedrich B. , Gupta Sahil , Clendenen Steven R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis case report presents an application of percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation to the right superficial peroneal nerve to treat a patient with chronic intractable L5–S1 radiculopathy pain that conventional treatment failed to ameliorate.MethodsThe patient underwent an uneventful implantation of a percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulator. The implanted lead (15 cm in length and 1.2 mm in diameter) containing the receiver coil and 3 stimulation electrodes (Bioness Stimrouter®, Valencia, CA, U.S.A.) was implanted parallel with the trajectory of the right superficial peroneal nerve.ResultsTwo weeks after implantation of the percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulator, the patient experienced excellent pain relief and reported a significant increase in mobility. At the 3‐month follow‐up consultation, the patient reported maintenance of the reduction of pain in his right lower extremity as well as improved performance in his daily activities.ConclusionPercutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation offers an alternative treatment option for intractable pain associated with chronic radiculopathy, especially for patients in whom conventional treatment options have been exhausted. Further clinical series involving larger numbers of patients are warranted in order to assess the definitive role of percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of chronic intractable radiculopathy pain.
Alveolar soft‐part sarcoma: Case demonstrating principles for uncommon vascular lesions
Authors: Leszczynska Maria , Jodeh Diana S , Reed Damon , Lynskey Elisa M , Bittles Mark A , Mayer Jennifer LR , Rottgers S Alex 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlveolar soft‐part sarcoma (ASPS) is an uncommon malignancy that may present in a manner similar to benign vascular tumors.MethodsA 6‐year‐old boy with autism spectrum disorder was referred to the Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital vascular anomalies clinic for the evaluation of a tongue mass.ResultsPrior to the presentation, at 5 years of age, neck computed tomography (CT) was performed. This showed a well circumscribed, enhancing mass at the anterior aspect of the tongue. The radiologic impression was that this lesion was most likely a hemangioma. Two years later, the patient was evaluated in the vascular anomalies clinic. At that examination a 2–3 cm swelling was noted on the dorsal aspect of the tongue. The mass was fleshy and firm with discrete borders. Handheld Doppler examination indicated a high‐flow lesion. The patient underwent an excisional biopsy. The lesion was identified as an alveolar soft‐part sarcoma based on pathologic characteristics.ConclusionFamiliarity with common vascular tumors and malformations allows providers to diagnose the majority of these lesions on a combination of clinical history and physical examination. Atypical and combined lesions do benefit from imaging to help characterize and aid in the differential diagnosis. Biopsy enables definitive diagnosis but is necessary in the minority of cases. When in doubt, referral to a specialized, multidisciplinary vascular anomalies clinic will ensure that these patients receive management for this challenging collection of conditions.
Acceleration of object tracking in high‐speed videogrammetry using a parallel OpenMP and SIMD strategy
Authors: Tong Xiaohua , Zheng Shouzhu , Gao Sa , Liu Sicong , Chen Peng , Guo Chengcheng , Liu Shijie , Xie Huan , Jin Yanmin , Ye Zhen , Xu Xiong , Wei Chao , Hu Lintao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh‐speed cameras are able to effectively and efficiently obtain the location of moving objects over time in many practical applications. In order to meet the requirement for fast computing and processing in the object‐tracking process, this paper adopts parallel computing to process multiple video‐image sequences by using open multi‐processing (OpenMP) and single‐instruction multiple data (SIMD) simultaneously, combined with a coarse‐to‐fine matching method. Experimental results showed that the proposed method: (1) has a high accuracy compared with other methods; (2) demonstrates a higher computational efficiency than other methods; and (3) has an efficiency running on a laptop equivalent to other methods running on a computer workstation.
Gene editing of the wheat homologs of TONNEAU1‐recruiting motif encoding gene affects grain shape and weight in wheat
Authors: Wang Wei , Pan Qianli , Tian Bin , He Fei , Chen Yueying , Bai Guihua , Akhunova Alina , Trick Harold N. , Akhunov Eduard 
Published: June 2019

SummaryGrain size and weight are important components of a suite of yield‐related traits in crops. Here, we showed that the CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing of TaGW7, a homolog of rice OsGW7 encoding a TONNEAU1‐recruiting motif (TRM) protein, affects grain shape and weight in allohexaploid wheat. By editing the TaGW7 homoeologs in the B and D genomes, we showed that mutations in either of the two or both genomes increased the grain width and weight but reduced the grain length. The effect sizes of mutations in the TaGW7 gene homoeologs coincided with the relative levels of their expression in the B and D genomes. The effects of gene editing on grain morphology and weight traits were dosage dependent with the double‐copy mutant showing larger effect than the respective single copy mutants. The TaGW7‐centered gene co‐expression network indicated that this gene is involved in the pathways regulating cell division and organ growth, also confirmed by the cellular co‐localization of TaGW7 with α‐ and β‐tubulin proteins, the building blocks of microtubule arrays. The analyses of exome capture data in tetraploid domesticated and wild emmer, and hexaploid wheat revealed the loss of diversity around TaGW7‐associated with domestication selection, suggesting that TaGW7 is likely to play an important role in the evolution of yield component traits in wheat. Our study showed how integrating CRISPR‐Cas9 system with cross‐species comparison can help to uncover the function of a gene fixed in wheat for allelic variants targeted by domestication selection and select targets for engineering new gene variants for crop improvement.
Effective ways to retain first‐time blood donors: a field‐trial study
Authors: Hashemi Shirin , Maghsudlu Mahtab , Nasizadeh Soheila , Esmaielifar Gilda , Pourfathollah Ali Akbar 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUNDRegular blood donors are the cornerstone of blood safety. Understanding the donors' behavior to donate blood improves blood donor retention programs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the return rate of first‐time blood donors following different interventions to identify effective ways to retain first‐time donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe study was conducted on 1356 first‐time blood donors at four main blood centers in Iran. The donors were randomly assigned based on different interventions (phone calls, educational letter, emotional letter, incentive, motivational meeting, and no intervention) to six groups. The return rate of donors was defined as a second attempt to donate within 6 months after the first donation. Return rate and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and compared among different groups.RESULTSA total of 394 (29%) donors returned within 6 months for a second donation (95% CI, 0.26‐0.31). The return rate in the emotional letter group, educational letter, phone reminder, incentives, motivational meeting, and control groups was 36% (95% CI, 0.31‐0.42), 33.2% (95% CI, 0.27‐0.38), 31.5% (95% CI, 0.25‐0.37), 30% (95% CI, 0.22‐0.38), 22% (95% CI, 0.17‐0.27) and 22.1% (95% CI, 0.17‐0.27), respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides evidence supporting the fact that more first‐time blood donors can be motivated to donate again by implementing targeted interventions. It demonstrates that emotional letters, educational letters, and phone reminders were effective in improving the return rate of first‐time donors.