bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose and Sorbitol on Anti-Peptic Ulcer Activity of Anredera cordifolia Leaves Extract
Authors: Ulfah Maria , Rachmaniar Revika , Sudrajat Egi MR. , Fadla Rida W. , Pinuji Hary S. 
Published: April 2019

Anredera cordifolia or binahong is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants that is used to treat peptic ulcer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and sorbitol on anti-peptic ulcer activity of A. cordifolia leaves extracts in male Wistar rats. The plants were extracted using decoction method and freeze dried. Three liquid formulas were used i.e., i) a combination of sodium CMC and sorbitol; ii) only sorbitol; iii) extract only. The rats were divided into 6 groups, i.e., positive control (sucralfate 35 mg/kg body weight); negative control (80% ethanol); normal control; and 3 formulas. After the administration of the liquid formula, all groups, except normal control, were given 80% ethanol (l5 ml/kg body weight) to induce peptic ulcer. Antipeptic ulcer activity was evaluated using direct observation on rats gastric mucosa, and histopathology assessment. The result showed that the strongest anti-peptic ulcer was shown by sorbitol only (96.95% inhibition), followed by the combination of sodium CMC and sorbitol (92.68% inhibition). The formula which only contained extract showed only 31.70% inhibition. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between formula 1 and 2 with negative controls. In conclusion, A. cordifolia leaves extract with the addition of sorbitol showed the strongest anti-peptic ulcer activity. Keyword: Anredera cordifolia, peptic ulcer, suspense, Wistar rat.
Genetic and Early-Life Environmental Influences on Dental Caries Risk: A Twin Study
Authors: Silva Mihiri J. , Kilpatrick Nicky M. , Craig Jeffrey M. , Manton David J. , Leong Pamela , Burgner David P. , Scurrah Katrina J. 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES:
To explore the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on dental caries risk and to investigate fetal and developmental risk factors for dental caries.

METHODS:
We recruited children from 250 twin pregnancies midgestation and collected demographic, health, and phenotypic data at recruitment, 24 and 36 weeks’ gestational age, birth and 18 months, and 6 years of age. 25-hydroxyvitamin D was quantified in mothers at 28 weeks’ gestation and in infants at birth. Dental caries and enamel defects were measured at six years of age. We compared concordance for the presence of any caries and advanced caries in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. To investigate environmental risk factors for caries, we fitted multiple logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations to adjust for twin correlation.

RESULTS:
A total of 345 twins underwent dental assessment, with 111 (32.2%) showing signs of any caries and 83 (24.1%) having advanced caries. There was no evidence of higher concordance in monozygotic twins compared with dizygotic twins, with a difference of 0.05 (95% confidence interval −0.14 to 0.25; P = .30) and 0.00 (95% confidence interval −0.26 to 0.26; P = .50) for any caries and advanced caries, respectively, suggesting that environmental factors, rather than genetics, are the predominant determinant of caries risk. After adjusting for potential confounders, lack of community water fluoridation, hypomineralized second primary molars, dichorionic placenta, and maternal obesity were associated with caries.

CONCLUSIONS:
Environmental rather than genetic factors drive dental caries risk and arise as early as prenatal life.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Accelerated and Accelerated Cornea Pulsing Crosslinking Based on the Presence of a Demarcation Line
Authors: Khalimova L. I. 
Published: April 2019

Purposeof the study is to assess the state of the demarcation line of the stroma after accelerated and pulsed accelerated ultraviolet cornea crosslinking.Patients and methods. Clinical observations included 24 patients (31 eyes) with keratoconus (KC), aged 18–46 years, men — 11 (45.9 %), women — 13 (54.1 %). Accelerated (a-CXL) crosslinking was carried out in continuous mode with a power of 18 mW/cm2 for 5 minutes (13 eyes), pulsed accelerated (i-ACXL) with a power of 18 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes, in mode 1 sec light / 1 sec pause (18 eyes). Conducted generally accepted and additional methods of ophthalmic research. The follow-up periods were 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.Results. According to optical coherent tomography, the demarcation line was detected in all cases after a-CXL and i-ACXL. At 1 month after the crosslinking, there were no significant differences between the a-CXL and i-ACXL groups in terms of uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, maximal correction. The average depth with demarcation at 1 month after the procedure in the central zone of the cornea was 216.41 ± 36.67 μm in the a-CXL group and 236.41 ± 37.08 μm in the i-ACXL group. Using confocal microscopy in vivo in both groups 1 month after surgery apoptosis of keratocytes and stromal edema were detected. A gradual restoration of the cornea to its original state was observed after 6 months.Conclusion. Research results have shown that accelerated and pulsed accelerated cross-linking are safe and effective technologies to stabilize the progression of keratoconus. Both crosslinking protocols provide a significant reduction in the duration of the procedure compared to the traditional one. Revealed deeper arrangement of the demarcation line when performing pulsed accelerated crosslinking compared to the accelerated. Further long-term and more extensive studies of accelerated and pulsed accelerated cornea ultraviolet crosslinking will provide improved information on their effectiveness in the long-term.
Сomparative Analysis of the Long-Term Results of Diabetic Macular Edema and Epiretinal Membrane Surgical Treatment
Authors: Bikbov M. M. , Zainullin R. M. , Gilmanshin T. R. , Khalimov T. A. 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the study — to conduct a comparative analysis of structural and functional indicators of the central zone of the retina in patients with diabetic macular edema and epiretinal membrane in the remote period after surgical treatment. Patients and Methods. We examined 97 patients with diabetic macular edema in combination with the epiretinal membrane aged 53 to 68 years (mean age 61 ± 5.4 years). All patients underwent vitrectomy with an internal limiting membrane peeling (ILM). Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the intravitreal use of an angiogenesis inhibitor. The analysis of the remote anatomical and functional results of patients of different groups during 1 year of observation was carried out. Results. In patients after treatment using the proposed technique, the central retinal thickness was reduced by 16.19 % (p = 0.031) compared with monotherapy and by 11.51 % (p = 0.039) compared with a phased treatment method. Visual acuity significantly increased in the treatment group by the single-step method by 1.53 times (p = 0.024) compared with the group where only vitrectomy was performed, and also 1.44 times (p = 0.029) compared with the delayed administration of angiogenesis inhibitor in avital eye. Patients in all groups have showed an improvement in central photosensitivity 1 month after surgery, followed by a slight decrease in performance. However, by 12 months, the level of central photosensitivity in group 2 was significantly higher than in other groups (p < 0.05). A comparative analysis of the spatial distribution of macular pigment has showed that, along with the development of the pathological process, macular pigments were dispersed in the retinal tissue. On the background of treatment, their concentration was normalized in the central zone of the retina, without increasing the quantitative composition. Conclusion Analysis of the morphofunctional parameters of the retina central section in patients with diabetic macular edema and epiretinal membrane in the dynamics of treatment with various techniques led to the creation of an algorithm for managing patients. It allows to achieve high clinical and functional results in an overwhelming percentage of cases and, thereby, significantly improve medical and social rehabilitation, and also the quality of life of this contingent.
Femtolaser Systems in Congenital Cataract Surgery in Children
Authors: Zaidullin I. S. , Burkhanov Yu. K. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose. To study the features and results of femtolaser use in congenital cataract surgery in children. Patients and Methods. 35 children (37 eyes) with congenital cataracts aged from 12 months to 14 years (5.38 ± 6.3 years) were examined and surgical treated. The first stage of the operation included femtolaser execution of the anterior capsulorhexis (femtosecond laser Victus™ (Technolas Perfect Vision/Baush&Lomb, Germany). The second stage was the flap of the anterior capsule removal, the performance of hydrodissection, aspiration of lens masses, intracapsular implantation of the IOL. Results. In case of femtolaser capsulotomy, its diameter increased. It depended on the child age and the state of the anterior lens capsule. The obtained disc diameter of the anterior capsule in almost all eyes was significantly less than planned, due to its high elasticity in children. Conclusion. The use of a femtosecond laser in children with congenital cataracts, especially in infants, increase the effectiveness of visual rehabilitation. When conducting an anterior femtolaser capsulotomy in children with congenital cataract, it is necessary to take into account an increase in the diameter of the anterior capsulotomy, depending on child age and the condition of the anterior lens capsule. The first stage of surgery under local anesthesia in older children requires an individual approach.
OCT-Angiography for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Best’s Disease
Authors: Katargina L. A. , Denisova E. V. , Arestova N. N. , Kruglova T. B. , Osipova N. A. , Novikova O. V. 
Published: April 2019

Best’s disease is a relatively rare form of macular dystrophy, characterized by bilateral staged course. The cases of the choroidal neovascular membrane (XNM) formation in the course of the disease development are described, however the true frequency of this complication and the management of such patients are not determined. In recent years, a new promising method of examination — OCT — angiography (OCTA) — has been actively introduced into clinical practice. Non-invasive character and contactlessness of OKTA open wide possibilities of its application in various pathologies, in particular, in pediatric ophthalmology. The purpose of this work was to assess the prospects for using OCTA in the diagnosis and monitoring of Best’s disease. Patients and methods. The data of the standard complex ophthalmological examination and OCTA of the posterior pole of the eye were analyzed in 5 patients with Best’s disease — 4 children aged 5 to 12 years and the 25-year-old woman observed for this disease from childhood. Results. In all patients, the disease was bilateral. In 1 of 9 eyes (1 out of 10 eyes was excluded from the analysis due to the presence of retinal detachment at the time of examination) the disease was at the vitelliform stage, in 2 — at the pseudohypopyon, in 5 — at the vitelliruptive stage, in 1 — at the atrophic stage. Visual acuity at the time of the examination was from 0.02 to 1.0. Clinically, the presence of CNM could be assumed in 4 eyes. According to OCTA CNM was detected in 7 cases, in 3 of them signs of membrane activity were noted. Сonclusion. OCTA provide detection that the formation of СNM in the Best’s disease occured already at the pseudohypopyon stage and in half of cases was not accompanied by the development of clinical symptoms. The study allows to assess the localization, size and activity of the membrane, which is necessary for monitoring and determining the tactics of treatment of this complication. Carrying out further research will determine the true frequency, risk factors for development and features of CNM in Best’s disease, which will allow developing optimal tactics for conducting such patients.
Hypothyroidism following hemithyroidectomy: a study in a tertiary care hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Ikbal Ashik , Mahfuzul Anwar Mostafa , Ahmed Tareq Uddin 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Hypothyroidism results from insufficient production and secretion of thyroid hormones. This may be due to disturbance within the thyroid gland itself (primary hypothyroidism) or within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (secondary hypothyroidism). The objective of this study is to determine the incidence, risk factors and management of hypothyroidism occurring after hemithyroidectomy for benign non-toxic thyroid disease.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a prospective cross sectional study of 50 euthyroid patients with benign non-toxic thyroid disease who had undergone hemithyroidectomy from January 2012 to December 2012 admitted in the department of otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital. All patients were evaluated for age, sex, pre-operative and post-operative TSH levels, histopathology and follow up. Time of diagnosis and therapeutic dose of thyroid hormone were determined for patients with hypothyroidism. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> As per this study, the incidence of permanent nerve damage was zero whereas the incidence of temporary neuropraxia was found to be around 0.5%. The incidence of temporary and permanent hypocalcemia was found to be around 0.7% and 0.2% respectively. These complications were found more in obese patients and those with malignancies.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Taking account of the very low incidence of nerve and parathyroid injury in this series, the authors suggest that meticulous capsular dissection is superior to dissection of the entire nerve in avoiding transcient nerve damage as well as temporary hypocalcemia. However it is stated that a deliberate search for the nerve is definitely indicated in cases where there is likely to be distorted anatomy, as in infiltrating malignancies and recurrent thyroidectomies.</p>
Study of outcome of tympanoplasty with and without mastoid antrum exploration in patients with mucosal CSOM
Authors: Rathi Abhinav , Garg Kapil 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a major cause of acquired hearing impairment in children. Standard medical treatment of tubotympanic CSOM is aural toilet, topical antibiotics, systemic antibiotics and dry ear precautions. Surgical intervention for safe / tubotympanic CSOM is tympanoplasty. Otologists currently remain divided as to the importance of antrum exploration in the treatment of tubotympanic CSOM. The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of tympanoplasties with and without antrum exploration in cases of tubotympanic CSOM in terms of graft uptake rate and hearing improvement.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study included 60 patients of CSOM with central perforation who underwent surgery at JNU IMSRC from January 2016 to July 2016. Detailed history, clinical examination including tuning fork test, pure tone audiometry was done. All patients were followed up for a period of 3 months. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of the 60 cases of tubotympanic CSOM graft uptake was seen in 53 cases (88.33%). Graft uptake rate was 96.6% in patients who underwent tympanoplasty with antrum exploration which was significantly higher than those who underwent tympanoplasty alone (80%). Hearing improvement was seen in 93.10% of patients who underwent tympanoplasty with antrum exploration as compared to 83.33% of patients of tympanoplasty which was not statistically significant (p=0.263).</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>Tympanoplasty with antrum exploration is recommended in all patients of CSOM as it inhances the chances of graft uptake. <p> </p>
Screening of high-risk newborns for hearing in MRMC using OAE and BERA
Authors: Tegnoor Mallikarjun S. , Naaz Farha 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Hearing is necessary to learn languages and speech and to develop cognitive skills. As hearing is important for normal educational and social development, hearing loss can be disastrous and for the family it can be very distressing. With early detection of hearing loss using OAE and BERA, we can ensure normal language development and help the growing child to lead a near normal life.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 500 cases- out of which 400 normal babies and 100 high risk babies are taken for the study who attend Pediatric OPD and IPD of Basaweshwara Teaching and General Hospital (BTGH) and Sangameshwar hospital attached to MRMC. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 400 cases 2 cases have impaired hearing and out of 100 cases with high risk 6 cases have hearing loss.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study highlights the need for OAE and BERA for early identification of hearing loss and that although universal hearing screening programs are warranted but most of the cases with hearing loss can be identified based on the risk factors and High-risk Screening can suffice in areas with limited resources.</p>
Posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap in buccal carcinoma: an institutional experience
Authors: Sahu Pankaj Kumar , Joshi Kamal Deep , Brar Manmohan Singh 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Defect following surgical management of Squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa ofter requires reconstruction for restoration of form and function of oral cavity. Posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap is well known, but less utilised technique for such reconstruction. The aim of this article is to present institutional experience of posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap as a reconstructive option in selected cases of carcinoma of buccal mucosa after wide local excision with marginal mandibulectomy and its impact on rehabilitation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this cohort study, twelve selected cases of early carcinoma buccal mucosa, who underwent surgical excision with marginal mandibulectomy with reconstruction with posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap were included and followed up for atleast one year. Objective evaluation of swallowing and subjective evaluation of speech was done. The total duration of the study was three years. Statistical analysis was done using Friedman test and Wilcoxon Sign-Rank test using SPSS 2.0. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The result of the study showed that there is significant reduction in swallowing function in post-operative period as determined by MDADI score. However there is significant improvement at Six weeks compared to 10th post-operative day. The speech also remains intelligible. No flap related complication was observed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap is a simple, reliable and versatile flap for reconstruction of surgical defects following wide local excision and marginal mandibulectomy for early carcinoma of buccal mucosa, without substantial morbidity and with satisfactory swallowing and speech.</p>
FORMATION AND EFFICIENT DEVELOPMENT OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Authors: Plotnytska S. I. , Arutiunian R. R., , Berezhna Yu. H., , Bogomolova K. S. 
Published: April 2019

In conditions of the country's economy decline, the agrarian sector is the driving force behind the processes of economic stabilization. 17% of the country's GDP is created in agriculture, and agricultural products are exported at the amount of 17.9 billion dollars, representing 33.6% of all overseas incomes of the country, while the level of state support is rather low and amounts to only 1% of GDP.The increase in tariffs for the main energy sources leads to a constant increase in material costs for crop and livestock production. The average annual growth of material expenses for the 2014-2016 period constituted 7.8% for fuel and lubricant materials, 15.2%- for electricity, 6.4% -for fuel and energy. Thus, according to the actual data farmers should have profitability not lower than 25.4%, however they received a loss of UAH 1.2 bn.Under such conditions, it is necessary to mobilize own finances to form a raw material base and to introduce the use of alternative energy sources in agriculture.215904.6 thousand heads of cattle and poultry are concentrated in agriculture, only 54% of which - in agrarian enterprises. According to our estimates, the theoretical potential of biogas output got from animal waste was 1.75 billion m3 in 2016, while the potential level needed for energy purposes equals to 0.76 million tons. Moreover, according to experts, the possible energy potential of biogas is expected to increase to 2.38 million tons in 2050.According to the research, it has been established that the use of biogas has the following advantages over traditional fuels, namely: the use of biogas is attractive either because of lower cost or due to economic incentives; if farmers can not get permission (license) for the supply of electricity obtained from biogas to the general power grid according to the "green tariff", they use this energy for their own economic purposes; the construction of new biogas and bio-methane plants receives investment grants from 20 to 30% of the total volume of investments; the chemical composition of biogas is similar to that of natural gas, which makes it possible to sell it to the gas distribution network, while enriching it by bio-methane and using as gaseous fuel; to use waste received as a result of biogas obtaining as enriched organic fertilizers for the needs of plant growing; the use of livestock waste for the production of biogas reduces the burden on the environment and the cost of utilizing such waste.