bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationalizing predictably irrational choices: the social capital synthesis
Authors: Robison Lindon J. , Oliver Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a synthesis of the main characteristics of neoclassical, behavioral, and socioeconomic models. The main characteristics of this synthesis is that it includes social capital-produced relational goods whose value and meaning depend on their connections to people. We contrast relational goods with commodities. Then, we examine whether the synthesis can resolve some of the sometimes conflicting explanations and predictions of economic exchange models. Finally, we apply the synthesis to rural development and find it provides useful explanations and recommendations.
Stabilizing diode laser to 1 Hz-level Allan deviation with atomic spectroscopy for Rb four-level active optical frequency standard
Authors: Chang Pengyuan , Zhang Shengnan , Shang Haosen , Chen Jingbiao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe achieve a compact ultra-stable 420 nm blue diode laser system by immediately stabilizing the laser on the hyperfine transition line of Rb atom. The Allan deviation of the residual error signal reaches 1 Hz-level Allan deviation within 1 s averaging time, and the fractional frequency Allan deviation is$$1.4\times 10^{-15}/\sqrt{\tau }$$1.4×10-15/τ, which shows the best result of frequency-stabilized lasers based on the atomic spectroscopy without Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) system. The signal-to-noise ratio of the atomic spectroscopy is evaluated to be 3,000,000 from the Allan deviation formula, which is the highest record, to the best of our knowledge. The frequency noise suppression characterization is demonstrated and the maximal noise suppression can be near 40 dB at 6 Hz. As a good candidate of pumping source, the ultra-stable 420 nm diode laser is successfully used in our Rb four-level active optical frequency standard system. The method can be easily extended to other wavelengths ultra-stable lasers with a Allan deviation of$$10^{-15}$$10-15level retaining an atomic reference with low cost and low complexity while in the absence of an expensive and complicated PDH system.
Asian water tower evinced in total column water vapor: a comparison among multiple satellite and reanalysis data sets
Authors: Zhao Yin , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The total column water vapor (TCWV) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is one important indicator of the Asian water tower, and the changes in the TCWV are vital to the climate and ecosystem in downstream regions. However, the observational data is insufficient to understand the changes in the TCWV due to the high elevation of the TP. Satellite and reanalysis data can be used as substitutes, but their quality needs to be evaluated. In this study, based on a homogenized radiosonde data set, a comprehensive evaluation of the TCWV over the TP derived from two satellite data sets (AIRS-only and AIRS/AMSU) and seven existing reanalysis data sets (MERRA, MERRA2, NCEP1, NCEP2, CFSR, ERA-I, JRA55) is performed in the context of the climatology, annual cycle and interannual variability. Both satellite data sets reasonably reproduce the characteristics of the TCWV over the TP. All reanalysis data sets perform well in reproducing the annual mean climatology of the TCWV over the TP (R = 0.99), except for NCEP1 (R = 0.96) and NCEP2 (R = 0.92). ERA-I is more reliable in capturing the spatial pattern of the annual cycle (R = 0.94), while NCEP1 shows the lowest skill (R = 0.72). JRA55 performs best in capturing the features of the interannual coherent variation (EOF1, R = 0.97). The skill-weighted ensemble mean of the reanalysis data performs better than the unweighted ensemble mean and most of the single reanalysis data sets. The evaluation provides essential information on both the strengths and weaknesses of the major satellite and reanalysis data sets in measuring the total column water vapor over the TP.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 overexpression plays a major role in the translational control of gallbladder cancer
Authors: Golob-Schwarzl Nicole , Wodlej Christina , Kleinegger Florian , Gogg-Kamerer Margit , Birkl-Toeglhofer Anna Maria , Petzold Johannes , Aigelsreiter Ariane , Thalhammer Michael , Park Young Nyun , Haybaeck Johannes 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare neoplasia of the biliary tract with high mortality rates and poor prognosis. Signs and symptoms of GBC are not specific and often arise at late stage of disease. For this reason, diagnosis is typically made when the cancer is already in advanced stages, and prognosis for survival is less than 5 years in 90% of cases. Biomarkers to monitor disease progression and novel therapeutic alternative targets for these tumors are strongly required. Commonly, dysregulated protein synthesis contributes to carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this case, protein synthesis directs translation of specific mRNAs, and, in turn, promotes cell survival, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumors. In eukaryotes, protein synthesis is regulated at its initiation, which is a rate-limiting step involving eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs). We hypothesize that eIFs represent crossroads in the development of GBC, and might serve as potential biomarkers. The study focus was the role of eIF6 (an anti-association factor for the ribosomal subunits) in GBC.MethodsIn human GBC samples, the expression of eIF6 was analyzed biochemically at the protein (immunohistochemistry, immunoblot analyses) and mRNA levels (qRT-PCR).ResultsHigh levels of eIF6 correlated with shorter overall survival in biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients (n = 28). Immunohistochemical data from tissue microarrays (n = 114) demonstrated significantly higher expression levels of eIF6 in GBC compared to non-neoplastic tissue. Higher eIF6 expression on protein (immunoblot) and mRNA (qRT-PCR) level was confirmed by analyzing fresh frozen GBC patient samples (n = 14). Depletion of eIF6 (using specific siRNA-mediated knockdown) in Mz-ChA-2 and TFK-1 cell lines inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis.ConclusionOur data indicates that eIF6 overexpression plays a major role in the translational control of GBC, and indicates its potential as a new biomarker and therapeutic target in GBC.
Axial loading during MRI reveals insufficient effect of percutaneous interspinous implants (Aperius™ PerCLID™) on spinal canal area
Authors: Hjaltadottir Hrafnhildur , Hebelka Hanna , Molinder Caroline , Brisby Helena , Baranto Adad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the effect on the spinal canal at the treated and adjacent level(s), in patients treated for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with percutaneous interspinous process device (IPD) Aperius™ or open decompressive surgery (ODS), using axial loading of the spine during MRI (alMRI).

Materials
Nineteen LSS patients (mean age 67 years, range 49–78) treated with IPDs in 29 spine levels and 13 LSS patients (mean age 63 years, range 46–76) operated with ODS in 22 spine levels were examined with alMRI pre- and 3 months postoperatively. Radiological effects were evaluated by measuring the dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCSA) and by morphological grading of nerve root affection.

Results
For the IPD group, no DSCSA increase was observed at the operated level (p = 0.42); however, a decrease was observed in adjacent levels (p = 0.05). No effect was seen regarding morphological grading (operated level: p = 0.71/adjacent level: p = 0.94). For the ODS group, beneficial effects were seen for the operated level, both regarding DSCSA (p < 0.001) and for morphological grading (p < 0.0001). No changes were seen for adjacent levels (DSCSA; p = 0.47/morphological grading: p = 0.95). Postoperatively, a significant difference between the groups existed at the operated level regarding both evaluated parameters (p < 0.003).

Conclusions
With the spine imaged in an axial loaded position, no significant radiological effects of an IPD could be detected postoperatively at the treated level, while increased DSCSA was displayed for the ODS group. In addition, reduced DSCSA in adjacent levels was detected for the IPD group. Thus, the beneficial effects of IPD implants on the spinal canal must be questioned.

Graphic abstract
These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
How do drivers merge heavy goods vehicles onto freeways? A semi-structured interview unveiling needs for communication and support
Authors: Dreger Felix A. , de Winter Joost C. F. , Happee Riender 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Freeway merging of heavy goods vehicles (HGV) is a safety–critical manoeuvre. However, at present, it is largely unknown how HGV drivers perceive and execute the merging manoeuvre, and how current advanced driver support and automation systems (ADAS) contribute. We performed semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 HGV drivers to assess their visual and cognitive processes while merging, interactions with other road users, and attitudes towards ADAS as a basis for future support and automation system design. Results show that the reported execution of merging varies substantially between drivers. Drivers reported reliance on courtesy of other traffic but stated that car drivers are often causing conflicts, whereas other HGV drivers are more cooperative. Current ADAS were perceived as useful in general, with remarks about misuse and abundance of systems. We recommend the introduction of driver support and automation systems which facilitate cooperative behaviour and support effective communication.
VLA observations of 20 FR II radio sources at 8.4 GHz
Authors: Fernini Ilias 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report the last observational paper of hot spots for 20 Fanaroff-Riley class II (FR II) sources. These sources are part of a large sample of 98 FR II to study the unification scheme of FR II radio galaxies (RGs) and quasars (QSRs) using the hotspots (HSs) location and morphology. High-resolution VLA observations at 8.4 GHz were conducted for the whole sample. The investigation of HSs properties in FR II radio sources is essential for a better understanding of the dynamics related to the objects and their impact on the surrounding environment. HSs were classified into edged and recessed types, where the former is located at a radio lobe’s outer edge, and the latter is embedded within the lobe. The present sub-sample contains 12 RGs and 8 QSRs. Radio contour maps for each source were presented using the VLA in its A and B configurations. In total, we have identified 18 HSs for these 20 radio sources. The 12 RGs possess 8 edged HSs and 2 recessed HSs. The 8 QSRs possess 6 edged HSs and 2 recessed HSs. Out of the 14 edged HSs, RGs and QSRs possess $\sim57\%$∼57% and $\sim43\%$∼43%, respectively. A thorough morphological discussion of the 20 sources with their HSs is presented in the present work.
A Drought Adaptation Management System for Groundwater Resources Based on Combined Drought Index and Vulnerability Analysis
Authors: Al Adaileh Haitham , Al Qinna Mohammed , Barta Károly , Al-Karablieh Emad , Rakonczai János , Alobeiaat Adel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWater scarcity is one of the largest global risks in terms of potential impact over the next decade as it affects every continent is manifested by partial or no satisfaction of expressed demand, economic competition for water quantity or quality, disputes between users, irreversible depletion of groundwater, and negative impacts on the environment. Jordanian water crises are exacerbating all of the time due to increased water demands derived from high population growth, sudden fluxes of refugees, economic development, and increased frequency of drought events. These forces stress the urgent need to develop drought adaptation planning based on vulnerability mapping correlated to prolonged weather events. The objective of this research is thus to generate a drought vulnerability map with an emphasis on the severity and probability of drought occurrence, and to propose adaption measures based on groundwater sector impact chain analysis by incorporating numerical scorings for exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacities at groundwater basin and Jordanian district levels. Drought impacts on groundwater basins were investigated based on measurements of severity and probability of drought occurrence, and drought exposure over the whole country computed by means of a combined drought index (CDI) that included the precipitation drought index, temperature drought index, and vegetation drought index from 1980 to 2017. Results indicated that drought in Jordan is characterised by a temporal and spatial variability regarding probability and severity. The most prolonged drought events range from mild to moderate, with long periods of exposure that may extend for up to 13 consecutive years. Due to high groundwater basin sensitivity and low adaptive capacity, the groundwater systems in Jordan are fragile and highly vulnerable to drought impacts, being subject to either reduction in quantity and/or deterioration in quality over time. The most vulnerable groundwater basins are the Azraq and Dead Sea regions, while Disi and Yarmouk are also highly vulnerable groundwater basins based on the weak enforcement of transboundary agreements. The proposed drought risk management system based on this research includes proactive and contingency plans enabled by policies and legal frameworks at the national level to ensure sustainable water resilience and governance.
Policy entrepreneurship and the influence of the transnational financial industry in the EU reform of securitization
Authors: Montalbano Giuseppe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccording to most of the literature available so far, international and European cross-border banks and investments firms are considered the primary beneficiaries of the CMU and related revitalization of securitization. Nevertheless, an in-depth analysis of the transnational financial industry lobbying and influence, in the light of the final agreement on the securitization reform package, is still missing. This paper intends to fill this gap in the story by assessing if, and to what extent, the alleged industry beneficiaries played an active role in shaping the regulatory agenda within the CMU project and its related outcomes. An in-depth analysis of corporate lobbying in the securitization reform is thus provided, by looking at the interactions between structural and political contextual factors in shaping private/public coalitions along the different stages of the EU policy-making process. As it is argued here, the policy entrepreneurship of the European securitization industry has been the key factor to explain the emergence of the EU regulatory approach and its legislative outcomes.
Assessing research participant preferences for receiving study results
Authors: Cook Sarah , Mayers Stephanie , Goggins Kathryn , Schlundt David , Bonnet Kemberlee , Williams Neely , Alcendor Donald , Barkin Shari 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Dissemination of results to research participants is largely missing from the practices of most researchers. Few resources exist that describe best practices for disseminating information to this important stakeholder group.Methods:Four focus groups were conducted with a diverse group of individuals. All participants were part of a Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute-funded survey study. Focus groups aimed to identify participants’ preferences about receiving research results and their reactions to three different dissemination platforms.Results:Four focus groups with 37 participants were conducted, including: (1) adults with one comorbidity, at least a college education, and high socioeconomic status (SES); (2) adults with one comorbidity, less than a college education, and lower SES; (3) adults with low health literacy and/or numeracy; and (4) Black or African American adults. Participants discussed their preferences for research results delivery and how each of the platforms met those preferences. This included information needs as they relate to content and scope, including a desire to receive both individual and aggregate results, and study summaries. Email, paper, and website were all popular avenues of presentation. Some desired a written summary, and others preferred videos or visual graphics. Importantly, participants emphasized the desire for having a choice in the timing, frequency, and types of results.Conclusion:Research participants prefer to receive research results, including study impact and key findings, disseminated to them in an engaging format that allows choice of when and how the information is presented. The results encourage new standards whereby research participants are considered a critical stakeholder group.
The AristotelianTheosin Hegel'sPhilosophy of Mind
Authors: Plevrakis Ermylos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough Hegel does not pass up the opportunity to express his deep admiration for specific aspects of the Aristotelian notion of God, he is not interested in giving a concrete account of its systematic significance for hisPhilosophy of Mindas a whole. In this article, I seek to take an overarching perspective on both the Aristotelian God and the Hegelian mind. By contrast to the common practice of focusing on Hegel's interpretation of Aristotle in hisLectures on the History of Philosophy, I first examine the Aristotelian text itself and then focus on Hegel'sEncyclopaedia Philosophy of Mind, in order to explore the coincidence between the two conceptions from a systematic point of view. With regard to Aristotle, I argue that ‘God’ represents the conceptual vanishing point of his philosophy at which all philosophical sciences appear to converge. With regard to Hegel, I show that it is precisely such conceptual convergence of all philosophical sciences that constitutes both the starting and ending points of thePhilosophy of Mind. The result is a novel meta-scientific and non-theistic conception of ‘God’ that provides the means not only to re-evaluate the systematic relation between Hegel and Aristotle but also to reconsider the character, content and aim of speculative philosophy in general.
Vegetation classification enables inferring mesoscale spatial variation in plant invasibility
Authors: Li Yue M. , Stauffer Brett , Malusa Jim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLarge-scale control of invasive plants can benefit strongly from reliable assessment of spatial variation in plant invasibility. With this knowledge, limited management resources can be concentrated in areas of high invasion risk. We assessed the influence of spatial environments and proximity to roads on the invasibility of African mustard (Brassica tournefortiiGouan) over the 280,000-ha Barry M. Goldwater Range West in southwestern Arizona, USA. We used presence/absence data ofB. tournefortiiacquired from a vegetation classification project, in which lands were mapped to the level of vegetation subassociations. Logistic regression models suggested that spatial environments represented by the subassociations, not proximity to roads, represented the only factor significantly explainingB. tournefortiipresence. We then used the best model to predictB. tournefortiiinvasibility in each subassociation. This prediction indicates management strategy should differ between the western part and the central to eastern part of the range. The western range is a large spatial continuum with intermediate to high invasion risk, vulnerable to an untethered spread ofB. tournefortii. Controlling efforts should focus on preventing existing local populations from further expansion. The central and eastern ranges are a mosaic varying strongly in invasion risk. Control efforts can take advantage of natural invasion barriers and further reduce connectivity through removal of source populations connected with other high-risk locations via roads and other dispersal corridors. We suggest our approach as one effective way to combine vegetation classification and plant invasion assessment to manage complex landscapes over large ranges, especially when this approach is used through an iterative prediction–validation process to achieve adaptive management of invasive plants.
3Rs as part of preclinical neuropsychiatric translational crisis, and ARRIVE guidelines as part of solution
Authors: Alstrup Aage Kristian Olsen , Sonne Christian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:The ongoing translational and reproducibility crisis dominates preclinical research today as results from animal studies often disappoint when transferred to human clinical studies. This problem is especially relevant in the field of brain diseases and translational neuropsychiatry.Methods:Here, we discuss if the 3R concept could be part of the translational crisis.Results:The focus has been on the second R, which is to reduce the variation between the experimental animals, so that the number of animals per study can be reduced. However, the risk of obtaining false results has also increased. We, therefore, recommend that researchers use a broader perspective as also suggest by Russell and Burch who founded the 3Rs when considering the 3R concept, which involves the translational aspects described in detail in their 3R book from 1959.Conclusion:This may together with systematic reviews and well-designed and well-performed animal studies and accurate reporting of the results indeed contribute to solving the translational crisis in preclinical research.
Religiosity, Nationalism, and Anti-Jewish Politics in Palestine and Poland: Islamic and Catholic Pilgrimages during the Interwar Era
Authors: Polak-Springer Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study in comparative global history sheds light on a largely ignored forum for the politics of transition from monarchical empire to nation-state in the Middle East and Central Europe—religious festivals at sacred shrines. It compares the role of key pilgrimage festivals at politically important sacred shrines: (1) the Islamic Nabi Musa (Prophet Moses) pilgrimage to the Haram esh-Sharif and Nabi Musa Tomb near the Dead Sea in Mandatory Palestine and (2) various Catholic pilgrimages to Jasna Góra in Częstochowa in interwar Poland. The author demonstrates how these events served as sacred forums for secular politics, where various political factions contested their partisan ideas of the nation, which included the elite nationalism of Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Hajj Amin al-Husseini and the Catholic-Endecja nationalism of Polish clerical leaders. Moreover, I examine the role of these pilgrimage festivals in some of the major conflicts afflicting their respective areas, such as Arab–Jewish violence and hostility in Palestine and wars for borders as well as anti-minority sentiment, especially anti-Semitism, in Poland.
‘The want of a proper Gardiner’: late Georgian Scottish botanic gardeners as intermediaries of medical and scientific knowledge
Authors: HICKMAN CLARE 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOften overlooked by historians, specialist gardeners with an expert understanding of both native and exotic plant material were central to the teaching and research activities of university botanic gardens. In this article various interrelationships in the late Georgian period will be examined: between the gardener, the garden, the botanic collection, the medical school and ways of knowing. Foregrounding gardeners’ narratives will shed light on the ways in which botanic material was gathered and utilized for teaching and research purposes, particularly for medical students, as well as highlighting the importance of the garden as a repository of botanic material for the classroom. In this way, the blurred lines between art and science, skill and scholarly activity, and shared pedagogic practices between botany and anatomy will be revealed.