bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airborne validation of radiative transfer modelling of ice clouds at millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths
Authors: Fox Stuart , Mendrok Jana , Eriksson Patrick , Ekelund Robin , O'Shea Sebastian J. , Bower Keith N. , Baran Anthony J. , Harlow R. Chawn , Pickering Juliet C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The next generation of European polar orbiting weather satellites will carry
a novel instrument, the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), which uses passive
observations between 183 and 664 GHz to make daily global
observations of cloud ice. Successful use of these observations requires
accurate modelling of cloud ice scattering, and this study uses airborne
observations from two flights of the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric
Measurements (FAAM) BAe 146 research aircraft to validate radiative transfer
simulations of cirrus clouds at frequencies between 325 and 664 GHz
using the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) and a
state-of-the-art database of cloud ice optical properties. Particular care is
taken to ensure that the inputs to the radiative transfer model are
representative of the true atmospheric state by combining both remote-sensing
and in situ observations of the same clouds to create realistic vertical
profiles of cloud properties that are consistent with both observed particle
size distributions and bulk ice mass. The simulations are compared to
measurements from the International Submillimetre Airborne Radiometer
(ISMAR), which is an airborne demonstrator for ICI. It is shown that whilst
they are generally able to reproduce the observed cloud signals, for a given
ice water path (IWP) there is considerable sensitivity to the cloud
microphysics, including the distribution of ice mass within the cloud and the
ice particle habit. Accurate retrievals from ICI will therefore require
realistic representations of cloud microphysical properties.
Influence of initial ocean conditions on temperature and precipitation in a coupled climate model's solution
Authors: Tokmakian Robin , Challenor Peter 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This paper describes results of an experiment that perturbed the
initial conditions for the ocean's temperature field of the Community Earth
System Model (CESM) with a well defined design. The resulting 30-member
ensemble of CESM simulations, each of 10 years in length, is used to create
an emulator (a nonlinear regression relating the initial conditions to
various outcomes) from the simulators. Through the use of the emulator to
expand the output distribution space, we estimate the spatial uncertainties
at 10 years for surface air temperature, 25 m ocean temperature,
precipitation, and rain. Outside the tropics, basin averages for the
uncertainty in the ocean temperature field range between 0.48 ∘C
(Indian Ocean) and 0.87 ∘C (North Pacific) (2 standard
deviation). The tropical Pacific uncertainty is the largest due to different
phasings of the ENSO signal. Over land areas, the regional temperature
uncertainty varies from 1.03 ∘C (South America) to 10.82 ∘C
(Europe) (2 standard deviation). Similarly, the regional average
uncertainty in precipitation varies from
0.001 cm day−1 over Antarctica to
0.163 cm day−1 over Australia with a global average of
0.075 cm day−1. In general, both temperature and precipitation
uncertainties are larger over land than over the ocean. A maximum covariance
analysis is used to examine how ocean temperatures affect both surface air
temperatures and precipitation over land. The analysis shows that the
tropical Pacific influences the temperature over North America, but the North
America surface temperature is also moderated by the state of the North
Pacific outside the tropics. It also indicates which regions show a high
degree of variance between the simulations in the ensemble and are,
therefore, less predictable. The calculated uncertainties are also compared
to an estimate of internal variability within CESM. Finally, the importance
of feedback processes on the solution of the simulation over the 10 years of
the experiment is quantified. These estimates of uncertainty do not take into
consideration the anthropogenic effect on warming of the atmosphere and ocean.
Observations and scaling of tidal mass transport across the lower Ganges–Brahmaputra delta plain: implications for delta management and sustainability
Authors: Hale Richard , Bain Rachel , Goodbred Jr. Steven , Best Jim 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The landscape of southwest Bangladesh, a region constructed primarily by
fluvial processes associated with the Ganges River and Brahmaputra River, is now
maintained almost exclusively by tidal processes as the fluvial system has
migrated east and eliminated the most direct fluvial input. In natural areas such
as the Sundarbans National Forest, year-round inundation during spring high
tides delivers sufficient sediment that enables vertical accretion to keep
pace with relative sea-level rise. However, recent human modification of the
landscape in the form of embankment construction has terminated this pathway
of sediment delivery for much of the region, resulting in a startling
elevation imbalance, with inhabited areas often sitting >1 m
below mean high water. Restoring this landscape, or preventing land loss in
the natural system, requires an understanding of how rates of water and
sediment flux vary across timescales ranging from hours to months. In this
study, we combine time series observations of water level, salinity, and
suspended sediment concentration with ship-based measurements of large
tidal-channel hydrodynamics and sediment transport. To capture the greatest
possible range of variability, cross-channel transects designed to encompass
a 12.4 h tidal cycle were performed in both dry and wet seasons during
spring and neap tides. Regional suspended sediment concentration begins to increase in August,
coincident with a decrease in local salinity, indicating the arrival of the
sediment-laden, freshwater plume of the combined Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna
rivers. We observe profound seasonality in sediment transport, despite
comparatively modest seasonal variability in the magnitude of water
discharge. These observations emphasize the importance of seasonal sediment
delivery from the main-stem rivers to this remote tidal region. On tidal
timescales, spring tides transport an order of magnitude more sediment than
neap tides in both the wet and dry seasons. In aggregate, sediment transport
is flood oriented, likely as a result of tidal pumping. Finally, we note that
rates of sediment and water discharge in the tidal channels are of the same
scale as the annually averaged values for the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers.
These observations provide context for examining the relative importance of
fluvial and tidal processes in what has been defined as a quintessentially
tidally influenced delta in the classification scheme of Galloway (1975).
These data also inform critical questions regarding the timing and magnitude
of sediment delivery to the region, which are especially important in
predicting and preparing for responses of the natural system to ongoing
environmental change.
A Quality Improvement Study Project to Improve Post Cesarean Section Surgical Site Infection Surveillance in a District Hospital in Kigali City
Authors: Uwamungu Evode , Rutagengwa William , Logan Jenae , Nkubito Pascal , Wong Rex 
Published: March 2019

Post-caesarean surgical site infection (PCSI) is one of the most common cesarean section-related complications. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), PCSI prevalence is often under-reported and inaccurate because LMIC surveillance systems are often unable to detect PCSIs developed after discharge; this can ultimately wrongly inform the decision-making related to reducing PCSIs.This paper describes the establishment of a post-discharge PCSI surveillance system for identification of PCSI rate in a district hospital in Rwanda.A total of 540 women underwent CS in the hospital from November 2017 to February 2018, and 536 (99.3%) consented to participate in the surveillance. Among those consented, 22 had no telephone and 174 could not be reached by telephone despite multiple attempts. At the end of this study, a total of 340 women completed the entire surveillance period. The total PCSI rate was 11.5%.Out of all PCSIs, 21% were detected during hospitalization period and 79% were detected during the post-discharge period.The PCSI surveillance system developed in this project covered the 30-day period after surgery and provided a more accurate estimate of PCSI rate. The system was able to track PCSIs developed after a patient was discharged from the hospital. Long term sustainability of the project must be evaluated.
Effects of Speed Sintering on Multilayered Monolithic Zirconia
Authors: COSKUN Mehmet , SARI Fatih 
Published: March 2019

Objective:In dentistry, different products are being developed in order to shorten the chairside but the interactions between these materials needs further investigations. This study aims to investigate the two different short time sintering protocols on monolithic multilayered zirconia’s surface roughness (SR), translucency parameter (TP), and contrast ratio (CR). Material and Methods:Twenty monolithic multilayer zirconia specimens were prepared with the dimension 10x10x1 mm and divided into two sintering groups (speed sintering group 30 min at 1510 0C, high speed sintering group 10 min 1580 0C) and SEM analyzed were performed. Surface roughness tests were performed by using profilometer and optical measurements were performed by using spectrophotometer. The data was statistically analyzed by using Wilcoxen test at the 0.05 probability level.Results:SR values and CR did not show any significant difference at any layer of any group. In all parts of monolithic multilayered zirconia, the difference of TP between sintering groups were statistically significant (P&lt;.05). Conclusion: High speed sintering parameters has promising effects on monolithic multilayered zirconia with combined acceptable optical properties. Because of their different content, different layers show different reactions in terms of contrast ratio and translucency parameters and these changes should be taken into account in treatment planning.
Cumhuriyet Dental Journal: A New Mission and Vision to Be a Global Journal
Authors: BULDUR Burak 
Published: March 2019

First issue of the Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (CDJ, formerly
known as Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry) was published
in 1998. It has been twenty years from the beginning of CDJ and the world and
academia has changed during these years. We have made a very intense effort, especially
in the last years, in order to follow the innovations and changes in the world
and academia and to adapt them to CDJ. For this purpose, we have also made some
changes in scope and vision of CDJ in the last year. CDJ currently aims to be
an internationally known journal and makes every effort to achieve this aim.

As a result of our submissions, CDJ is currently indexed in
internationally known SCOPUS, DOAJ and INDEX COPERNICUS and under evaluation
for WEB
of SCIENCE (ESCI). In 2018, the CDJ has
received 172 submissions and has published 52 articles. These issues presented
a wide range of high quality articles including original research articles,
review and clinical case reports. CDJ has begun to publish quarterly since
2018. CDJ currently accepts articles in only English.

We hope all members of CDJ including Editors-in-Chief, Editorial
Board members, authors, reviewers, and readers will help us consolidate the
Cumhuriyet Dental Journal among our peers and spread it to the international
community.

Editors-in-Chief,
Prof. Ihsan Hubbezoglu and Assoc. Prof. Burak Buldur, would like to welcome our
new prestigious Editorial Board members- Prof. John Nicholson from UK, Prof.
Alessandro Leite Cavalcanti from Brasil, Prof. Zafer Cehreli from Turkey and
USA, and Prof. Marco Tatullo from Italy.

We would like to
thank all members of CDJ and wish Happy Readings and Happy New Year in 2019.
The effects of Solidago canadensis water extracts on maize seedling growth in association with the biomass allocation pattern
Authors: Ye Xiao qi , Meng Jin liu , Wu Ming 
Published: March 2019

Background
Solidago canadensis L. is an aggressive exotic plant species in China that has potential allelopathic effects on competing plant species. Effects of hormesis are frequently observed in studies of allelopathy; however, the mechanisms of such effects need to be elucidated. Allelopathic compounds may affect the growth of recipient plants via alteration of biomass allocation patterns or photosynthetic capacity. The aim of this study was to determine how water extracts from S. canadensis affected the shoot and root growth of recipient plants and whether the underlying mechanism was related to the biomass allocation pattern or photosynthetic gas exchange capacity.

Methods
The water extracts from S. canadensis shoots at 12 different concentrations in the range of 0–0.25 g/ml were applied thrice in 9 days to maize seedlings cultivated in silica sand. The growth (shoot height, leaf length and area and root length) and biomass accumulation and allocation (specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf mass ratio (LMR)) were compared among maize seedlings exposed to different treatment concentrations. Gas exchange (photosynthetic light response curve) was measured and compared among maize seedlings exposed to three concentrations of water extract (0, 0.0125 and 0.2 g/ml) before and after the first application, and seedling growth was measured after the third and final application.

Results
The growth of seedlings (shoot height, leaf length and area and root length) was promoted at concentrations below 0.125 g/ml and inhibited at concentrations above this level (P < 0.05). The pattern of change in biomass accumulation and allocation was similar to that of shoot growth, but biomass accumulation and allocation was not significantly affected by the water extract treatments (P > 0.05). The water extract treatments did not significantly affect the photosynthetic capacity (P > 0.05), but the dark respiration rate was higher in the low-dose treatment than that in the high-dose treatment. Shoot height was positively correlated with the biomass allocation indicators SLA and LAR (P < 0.05) but not with LMR (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
The results suggested that the effects of the water extracts from S. canadensis were highly dependent on the concentration, with the growth of maize seedlings promoted at low concentrations of water extracts. The effects of the water extracts on the growth of maize seedlings were mainly due to the effects on the LAR, the allocation to leaf area growth, whereas the effects of the water extracts on leaf gas exchange capacity cannot explain variation of seedling growth. Thus, the stimulation of plant growth was very likely due to increased biomass allocation towards the shoot.
In vitro study of the Polo‐like kinase 1 inhibitor volasertib in non‐small‐cell lung cancer reveals a role for the tumor suppressor p53
Authors: Van den Bossche Jolien , Deben Christophe , De Pauw Ines , Lambrechts Hilde , Hermans Christophe , Deschoolmeester Vanessa , Jacobs Julie , Specenier Pol , Pauwels Patrick , Vermorken Jan Baptist , Peeters Marc , Lardon Filip , Wouters An 
Published: March 2019

Polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1), a master regulator of mitosis and the DNA damage response, is considered to be an intriguing target in the research field of mitotic intervention. The observation that Plk1 is overexpressed in multiple human malignancies, including non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gave rise to the development of several small‐molecule inhibitors. Volasertib, presently the most extensively studied Plk1 inhibitor, has been validated to efficiently reduce tumor growth in preclinical settings. Unfortunately, only modest antitumor activity against solid tumors was reported in clinical trials. This discrepancy prompted research into the identification of predictive biomarkers. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of volasertib monotherapy (i.e., cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution, apoptotic cell death, cellular senescence, and migration) in a panel of NSCLC cell lines differing in p53 status under both normal and reduced oxygen tension (<0.1% O2). A strong growth inhibitory effect was observed in p53 wild‐type cells (A549 and A549‐NTC), with IC50 values significantly lower than those in p53 knockdown/mutant cells (A549‐920 and NCI‐H1975) (P < 0.001). While mitotic arrest was significantly greater in cells with nonfunctional p53 (P < 0.005), apoptotic cell death (P < 0.026) and cellular senescence (P < 0.021) were predominantly induced in p53 wild‐type cells. Overall, the therapeutic effect of volasertib was reduced under hypoxia (P < 0.050). Remarkably, volasertib inhibited cell migration in all cell lines tested (P < 0.040), with the exception of for the NCI‐H1975 p53 mutant cell line. In conclusion, our results show an important difference in the therapeutic effect of Plk1 inhibition in NSCLC cells with versus without functional p53. Overall, the p53 wild‐type cell lines were more sensitive to volasertib treatment, suggesting that p53 might be a predictive biomarker for Plk1 inhibition in NSCLC. Moreover, our results pave the way for new combination strategies with Plk1 inhibitors to enhance antitumor activity.
MR‐based treatment planning in radiation therapy using a deep learning approach
Authors: Liu Fang , Yadav Poonam , Baschnagel Andrew M. , McMillan Alan B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTo develop and evaluate the feasibility of deep learning approaches for MR‐based treatment planning (deepMTP) in brain tumor radiation therapy.Methods and materialsA treatment planning pipeline was constructed using a deep learning approach to generate continuously valued pseudo CT images from MR images. A deep convolutional neural network was designed to identify tissue features in volumetric head MR images training with co‐registered kVCT images. A set of 40 retrospective 3D T1‐weighted head images was utilized to train the model, and evaluated in 10 clinical cases with brain metastases by comparing treatment plans using deep learning generated pseudo CT and using an acquired planning kVCT. Paired‐sample Wilcoxon signed rank sum tests were used for statistical analysis to compare dosimetric parameters of plans made with pseudo CT images generated from deepMTP to those made with kVCT‐based clinical treatment plan (CTTP).ResultsdeepMTP provides an accurate pseudo CT with Dice coefficients for air: 0.95 ± 0.01, soft tissue: 0.94 ± 0.02, and bone: 0.85 ± 0.02 and a mean absolute error of 75 ± 23 HU compared with acquired kVCTs. The absolute percentage differences of dosimetric parameters between deepMTP and CTTP was 0.24% ± 0.46% for planning target volume (PTV) volume, 1.39% ± 1.31% for maximum dose and 0.27% ± 0.79% for the PTV receiving 95% of the prescribed dose (V95). Furthermore, no significant difference was found for PTV volume (P = 0.50), the maximum dose (P = 0.83) and V95 (P = 0.19) between deepMTP and CTTP.ConclusionsWe have developed an automated approach (deepMTP) that allows generation of a continuously valued pseudo CT from a single high‐resolution 3D MR image and evaluated it in partial brain tumor treatment planning. The deepMTP provided dose distribution with no significant difference relative to a kVCT‐based standard volumetric modulated arc therapy plans.
3D‐Printed Microrobotic Transporters with Recapitulated Stem Cell Niche for Programmable and Active Cell Delivery
Authors: Yasa Immihan Ceren , Tabak Ahmet Fatih , Yasa Oncay , Ceylan Hakan , Sitti Metin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPoor retention rate, low targeting accuracy, and spontaneous transformation of stem cells present major clinical barriers to the success of therapies based on stem cell transplantation. To improve the clinical outcome, efforts should focus on the active delivery of stem cells to the target tissue site within a controlled environment, increasing survival, and fate for effective tissue regeneration. Here, a remotely steerable microrobotic cell transporter is presented with a biophysically and biochemically recapitulated stem cell niche for directing stem cells towards a pre‐destined cell lineage. The magnetically actuated double‐helical cell microtransporters of 76 µm length and 20 µm inner cavity diameter are 3D printed where biological and mechanical information regarding the stem cell niche are encoded at the single‐cell level. Cell‐loaded microtransporters are mobilized inside confined microchannels along computer‐controlled trajectories under rotating magnetic fields. The mesenchymal stem cells are shown retaining their differentiation capacities to commit to the osteogenic lineage when stimulated inside the microswimmers in vitro. Such a microrobotic approach has the potential to enable the development of active microcarriers with embedded functionalities for controlled and precisely localized therapeutic cell delivery.
Functionalized DNA Hydrogels Produced by Polymerase‐Catalyzed Incorporation of Non‐Natural Nucleotides as a Surface Coating for Cell Culture Applications
Authors: Finke Alexander , Schneider Ann‐Kathrin , Spreng Anna‐Sophie , Leist Marcel , Niemeyer Christof M. , Marx Andreas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCells from most mammalian tissues require an extracellular matrix (ECM) for attachment and proper functioning. In vitro cell cultures therefore must be supplied with an ECM that satisfies both the biological needs of cells used and the technical demands of the experimental setup. The latter include matrix functionalization for cell attachment, favorable microscopic properties, and affordable production costs. Here, modified DNA materials are therefore developed as an ECM mimic. The material is prepared by chemical cross‐linking of commonly available salmon sperm DNA. To render the material cell‐compatible, it is enzymatically modified by DNA polymerase I to provide versatile attachment points for peptides, proteins, or antibodies via a modular strategy. Different cells specifically attach to the material, even from mixed populations. They can be mildly released for further cell studies by DNase I‐mediated digestion of the DNA material. Additionally, neural stem cells not only attach and survive on the material but also differentiate to a neural lineage when prompted. Furthermore, the DNA material can be employed to capture and retain cells under flow conditions. The simple preparation of the DNA material and its wide scope of applications open new perspectives for various cell study challenges and medical applications.
Secondary data analysis to answer questions in human biology
Authors: Rosinger Asher Y. , Ice Gillian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite a growing number of publicly available datasets, the use of these datasets for secondary analyses in human biology is less common compared with other fields. Secondary analysis of existing data offers an opportunity for human biologists to ask unique questions through an evolutionary and biocultural lens, allowing for an analysis of cultural and structural nuances that affect health. Leveraging publicly available datasets for human biology research is a way for students and established researchers to complement their data collection, use existing data for master's and doctoral theses, pilot test questions, and use existing data to answer interesting new questions or explore questions at the population level. Here we describe where publicly available data are stored, highlighting some data repositories and how to access them. We then discuss how to decide which dataset is right, depending on the research question. Next, we describe steps to construct datasets, analytical considerations and methodological challenges, best practices, and limitations depending on the structure of the study. We close by highlighting a number of publicly available datasets that have been used by human biologists and other datasets that may be of interest to the community, including research that has been conducted on some example datasets.