bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regularized elastic full-waveform inversion using deep learning
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Dong , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: June 2019

Obtaining high-resolution models of the earth, especially around the reservoir, is crucial to properly image and interpret the subsurface. We have developed a regularized elastic full-waveform inversion (FWI) method that uses facies as the prior information. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are trained to estimate the distribution of facies in the subsurface. Here, we use facies extracted from wells as the prior information. Seismic data, well logs, and interpreted facies have different resolution and illumination to the subsurface. Besides, a physical process, such as anelasticity in the subsurface, is often too complicated to be fully considered. Therefore, there are often no explicit formulas to connect the data coming from different geophysical surveys. A deep-learning method can find the statistically correct connection without the need to know the complex physics. In our deep-learning scheme, we specifically use it to assist the inverse problem instead of the widely used labeling task. First, we conduct an adaptive data-selection elastic FWI using the observed seismic data and obtain estimates of the subsurface, which do not need to be perfect. Then, we use the extracted facies information from the wells and force the estimated model to fit the facies by training DNNs. In this way, a list of facies is mapped to a 2D or 3D inverted model guided mainly by the structure features of the model. The multidimensional distribution of facies is used either as a regularization term or as an initial model for the next waveform inversion. Our method has two main features: (1) It applies to any kind of distribution of data samples and (2) it interpolates facies between wells guided by the structure of the estimated models. Results with synthetic and field data illustrate the benefits and limitations of this method.
Transgenerational Bisphenol A Causes Deficits in Social Recognition and Alters Postsynaptic Density Genes in Mice
Authors: Wolstenholme Jennifer T , Drobná Zuzana , Henriksen Anne D , Goldsby Jessica A , Stevenson Rachel , Irvin Joshua W , Flaws Jodi A , Rissman Emilie F 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemical. Developmental exposure produces changes in behavior and gene expression in the brain. Here, we examined social recognition behaviors in mice from the third familial generation (F3) after exposure to gestational BPA. Second-generation mice were bred in one of four mating combinations to reveal whether characteristics in F3 were acquired via maternal or paternal exposures. After repeated habituation to the same mouse, offspring of dams from the BPA lineage failed to display increased investigation of a novel mouse. Genes involved in excitatory postsynaptic densities (PSDs) were examined in F3 brains using quantitative PCR. Differential expression of genes important for function and stability of PSDs were assessed at three developmental ages. Several related PSD genes―SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Shank1), Homer scaffolding protein 1c (Homer1c), DLG associated protein 1 (Gkap), and discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 (PSD95)―were differentially expressed in control- vs BPA-lineage brains. Using a second strain of F3 inbred mice exposed to BPA, we noted the same differences in Shank1 and PSD95 expression in C57BL/6J mice. In sum, transgenerational BPA exposure disrupted social interactions in mice and dysregulated normal expression of PSD genes during neural development. The fact that the same genetic effects were found in two different mouse strains and in several brain regions increased potential for translation. The genetic and functional relationship between PSD and abnormal neurobehavioral disorders is well established, and our data suggest that BPA may contribute in a transgenerational manner to neurodevelopmental diseases.
Central Hypothyroidism Related to Pituitary Adenomas: Low Incidence of Central Hypothyroidism in Patients With Acromegaly
Authors: Takamizawa Tetsuya , Horiguchi Kazuhiko , Nakajima Yasuyo , Okamura Takashi , Ishida Emi , Matsumoto Shunichi , Yoshino Satoshi , Yamada Eijiro , Saitoh Tsugumichi , Ozawa Atsushi , Tosaka Masahiko , Yamada Shozo , Yamada Masanobu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContextThe most frequent cause of central hypothyroidism (CeH) is pituitary adenomas, but the mechanisms remain unclear.ObjectiveWe investigated serum thyroid levels and GH/IGF-1 in central hypothyroidism in untreated patients with pituitary nonfunctioning and GH-secreting adenomas.DesignThis was a retrospective cross-sectional study of cases collected from Gunma University and Toranomon Hospitals between 2007 and 2016.PatientsOne-hundred thirty-nine cases of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) and 150 cases of GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) were analyzed.Main Outcome MeasuresThe correlations between thyroid levels, several clinicopathological parameters, and GH/IGF-1 were examined.ResultsTwenty-four percent of NFPA patients had CeH. The severity did not correlate with tumor size, age, or sex, and all cases had normal TSH levels. In contrast, only 8.7% of GHPA patients had CeH; approximately half had normal TSH levels and approximately half had low TSH levels. Serum TSH levels in GHPA patients were significantly lower and free T4 (FT4) and free T3 levels were higher than those in patients with NFPA. Furthermore, approximately one-fourth of GHPA patients had normal FT4 and low TSH levels. In addition, serum FT4 levels and serum TSH levels were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with serum IGF-1 levels. Furthermore, IGF-1 levels in patients with GHPA decreased with age.Conclusions(i) NFPA patients with CeH had TSH levels within a normal range. (ii) GHPA patients had a low incidence of CeH, which may be a result of stimulated thyroid function by GH/IGF-1. (iii) We found an age-dependent decrease in serum IGF-1 levels in patients with GHPA.
Aldosterone-Secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma Presenting With Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Zern Nicole K , Eaton Keith D , Roth Mara Y 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy that usually is detected as a result of symptoms of hormone excess or mass effect. We describe a rare presentation of ACC with primary aldosterone production leading to profound hypokalemia and cardiac arrest. The patient was previously asymptomatic with low-grade, untreated hypertension and no documented electrolyte abnormalities. She had sudden cardiac arrest, and potassium levels were undetectable. After successful resuscitation, imaging showed a 6-cm left adrenal mass highly suspicious for malignancy. Biochemical workup revealed aldosterone excess as well as cortisol excess, despite the absence of Cushingoid symptoms. Histopathological examination after surgical resection demonstrated high-grade ACC. This case illustrates that the workup of cardiac arrest as a result of electrolyte abnormalities should include evaluation for adrenal pathology.
Dragonflies use underdamped pursuit to chase conspecifics
Authors: Lohmann Amanda C. , Corcoran Aaron J. , Hedrick Tyson L. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTPursuit is a common behavior exhibited by animals chasing prey, competitors and potential mates. Because of their speed and maneuverability, dragonflies are frequently studied as a model system for biological pursuit. Most quantitative studies have focused on prey pursuits in captive environments. To determine whether a different pursuit strategy is used when chasing conspecifics of nearly equal speed and agility, we recorded 3D flight trajectories from nine territorial chases between male Erythemis simplicicollis dragonflies in natural field conditions. During chases, dragonflies used an interception strategy with an unusually high-magnitude gain (k=−10.03 s−1 horizontal; −8.86 s−1 vertical) and short time delay (τ=50 ms). The product kτ determines how aggressively a pursuer corrects course to achieve interception. Previous studies of prey pursuit have found kτ values close to −1/e (−0.37), the time-optimal value for achieving pursuit without overshooting. However, we found that dragonflies chasing conspecifics use more negative kτ (−0.50 horizontal; −0.44 vertical), resulting in pursuits with a high degree of overshooting (i.e. moving past the target and alternating position from side to side). We confirmed via simulation that the observed gain and delay produce overshooting. We propose that overshooting is an adaptive feature of conspecific chases that can be achieved with only slight modification of the strategy used for intercepting prey. Overshooting might help avoid potentially damaging collisions while exhibiting the pursuing animal's flight performance and competitive ability. Repeated close approaches might also evoke evasive responses from the other dragonfly, effectively herding the competitor out of the territory.
When Commitment Fails: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: John Anett 
Published: June 2019

Commitment products can remedy self-control problems. However, imperfect knowledge about their preferences may (discontinuously) lead individuals to select into incentive-incompatible commitments, which reduce their welfare. I conducted a field experiment in which low-income individuals were randomly offered a new installment-savings commitment account. Individuals chose a personalized savings plan and a default penalty themselves. A majority appears to choose a harmful contract: While the average effect on bank savings is large, 55% of clients default and incur monetary losses. A possible explanation is that the chosen penalties were too low (the commitment was too weak) to overcome clients’ self-control problems. Measures of sophisticated hyperbolic discounting correlate negatively with take-up and default, and positively with penalty choices. This finding is consistent with theoretical predictions that partial sophisticates adopt weak commitments and then default, whereas full sophisticates are more cautious about committing, but better able to choose incentive-compatible contracts. This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Bladder cancer
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: June 2019

This article is the one in the cancer series that discusses bladder cancer. Bladder cancer can occur in men and women; however, in the UK, there are more men with bladder cancer than women. It is also a disease of the older person. This article provides an introduction that discusses the condition. An overview of the anatomy of the bladder and ureters is provided. In 2015, bladder cancer was the 10th most common cancer in the UK and was responsible for 3% of all new cancer cases. Diagnosis and treatment options are discussed, with an emphasis on ensuring that the patient is key in any decisions that are made about treatment regimens. The importance of follow-up after treatment is also discussed. A glossary of terms is provided and five multiple-choice questions are included to enhance learning and application to practice.
Adrenal insufficiency of patients with graft versus host disease treated with extracorporeal photopheresis
Authors: Rushton Cherie , Bacon Elizabeth , Jennings Emma , Marchetti Paula , Alfred Arun 
Published: June 2019

Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is a serious and common complication of allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplant. Corticosteroids are considered the standard care for initial treatment of GvHD but a significant proportion of patients will need long-term steroid treatment for control of GvHD. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a cell-based immunomodulatory therapy that is an accepted second line treatment in patients with steroid refractory, dependent or intolerant GvHD and has shown efficacy in allowing steroid dose reduction and discontinuation in this cohort of patients. Adrenal cortical insufficiency is defined by the inability of the adrenal cortex to produce sufficient amounts of glucocorticoids and/or mineralocorticoids leading to a severe and potentially life-threatening condition. The most common cause of drug-induced adrenal insufficiency is the suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis by exogenous glucocorticoid doses ≥5 mg prednisolone equivalent for more than 4 weeks. The aim of the study was to ascertain the number of patients with GvHD receiving ECP that are affected by adrenocortical insufficiency.
Use of Air Infiltration in Swine Housing Ventilation System Design
Authors: Jadhav H    T , Hoff S   J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract.The objective of this research was to develop and analyze the procedure for using recent air infiltration (AI) data collected from commercial swine finishing rooms (SFRs) in the design of negative pressure mechanical ventilation systems (VSs). Air infiltration is an integral part of any ventilation process. Infiltration reduces the pressure differential across planned inlets and at very low pressure differences, cold air jets may drop directly on the animals causing significant discomfort. In this article, a design procedure is proposed for swine housing ventilation systems with the influence of air infiltration included. The method was used on one SFR for which air infiltration data was collected by in-field testing. The air-jet throw, jet momentum number, a newly developed coverage factor, and Archimedes number were used to assess the influence of infiltration on predicted air-jet and fresh-air distribution and to help guide the design of planned inlets in SFR VSs with known infiltration. The analysis completed quantifies the severity of AI on air-jet and air distribution performance, and suggests that for the analysis room to ventilate properly requires a 50% reduction in AI levels beyond field measured curtain and fan infiltration. The analysis completed suggests a method for systematically planning three-dimensional ceiling inlet placement and operation and provides design guidance for new ceiling inlets suitable for SFR VSs. Keywords: Air distribution, Air-jets, Archimedes number, Infiltration, Jet Momentum Number.
Kenntnis – Konsens – Kontroversität. Kirchliche Papiere zum Verhältnis Christen und Muslime und der Begriff des Dialogs
Authors: Wrogemann Henning 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Discussions about the topic of interreligious dialogue in church and society often suffer from a diffuse understanding of dialogue. The present contribution therefore distinguishes between five concepts of dialogue based on the implicit interpretation of the initial situation, the intention of the dialogue, its dialogical hermeneutics, goals and consequences. Then two new resource statements of the churches on Christians and Muslims are analyzed as to which understanding of dialogue they feature. Critical comments are made on the content of the resource statem­ents and on the role of church leadership declarations on interreligious dialogue. Finally the author calls for further differentiation as regards the appreciation and understanding of the phenomenon of interreligious relations. He pleads for the alternative of theologically motivated respect for the religious other in the form of a theology of interreligious relations.
Ethik zwischen Universalisierbarkeit und Lebensnähe. Zeitimplikate in den Referenzbegriffen der Ethikdefinition
Authors: Meyer Raphaela J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
What is the relevance of time for ethics? Definitions of ethics often identify ethics as a theory of (or category of reflection on) life, action, or morality. According to a widespread view, ethical reflection can be validated through the principle of universalibility implying, inter alia, that ethical judgment must be valid in a timeless manner to guarantee supra-individual justice. Yet to view life, action, or morality in an atemporal manner means to abstract from their temporally concrete form. This allows a supratemporal comparability of issues but at the same time removes them from their embedding in specific contexts of life. Hence this process of abstraction could be a reason for ethics not offering orientation and directions for life and action to the extent that it claims to do.
Demonetization Debate: A Policy Review
Authors: Hosain Md Sajjad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This policy review paper aims at making a general discussion of positive and negative effects on the demonetization decision of 500 and 1000 rupee notes in 2016 made by the Indian government. The paper concludes that although there are numerous negative after-effects of demonetization policy such as sufferings in rural banking, disturbance in small & medium businesses and sufferings for farmers & agro-traders, it also has several positive outcomes on the Indian economy, such as an increase in tax return, an increase in transactions on bonds & financial instruments, and an overall revitalization.
Young L2 learners’ online processing of information in a graded reader during reading-only and reading-while-listening conditions: A study of eye-movements
Authors: Serrano Raquel , Pellicer-Sánchez Ana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Combining reading with auditory input has been shown to be an effective way of supporting reading fluency and reading comprehension in a second language. Previous research has also shown that reading comprehension can be further supported by pictorial information. However, the studies conducted so far have mainly included adults or adolescents and have been based on post-reading tests that, although informative, do not contribute to our understanding of how learners’ processing of the several sources of input in multimodal texts changes with the presence of auditory input and the effect that potential differences could have on comprehension. The present study used eye-tracking to examine how young learners process the pictorial and textual information in a graded reader under reading only and reading-while-listening conditions. Results showed that readers spent more time processing the text in the reading only condition, while more time was spent processing the images in the reading-while-listening mode. Nevertheless, comprehension scores were similar for the readers in the two conditions. Additionally, our results suggested a significant (negative) relationship between the amount of time learners spent processing the text and comprehension scores in both modes.
Religiöse Zionistinnen. Die Europäische Misrachi-Frauenorganisation 1929-1939
Authors: Hecht Dieter J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
When Bessie Gotsfeld (1888-1962) founded the »Mizrachi Womenʼs Organization of America« (aka AMIT) in 1925, religious Zionist women in Europe also started to organize their work in several European countries. In 1928, Meir Berlin (later Meir Bar-Ilan), one of the leading rabbis of the Mizrachi movement, met in Vienna with Anitta Müller-Cohen (1890-1962), a prominent Zionist woman activist. After that meeting, Müller-Cohen joined the ranks of the Mizrachi movement and started to build up a »European League of Mizrachi Women«. Besides Germany, there were important local associations in Belgium, Great Britain and the Netherlands. The ambitious project of the European Mizrachi women caused a conflict with the WIZO, the biggest and most important organization of Jewish women, that escalated at the VIth World Congress of Zionist Women in Basel in 1931. The rise to power of National Socialism in Germany in 1933, challenged the developing Mizrachi Women’s League beyond their means and finally led to their destruction during the Shoah. In this paper, I trace the network of Jewish women who engaged with the Mizrachi Women’s League, and analyse their personal commitment. Additionally, the paper focuses on the different ideological backgrounds of Mizrachi women at a local and international level. Hence, the conflict between different Zionist women’s organisations, i. e. Mizrachi versus WIZO, gains center stage.
Only serum pepsinogen I and pepsinogen I/II ratio are specific and sensitive biomarkers for screening of gastric cancer
Authors: Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Joukar Farahnaz , Baghaee Massood , Sepehrimanesh Masood , Hojati Amineh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to determine optimal cut-off points of plasma levels of ghrelin and serum levels of pepsinogen I, II, and their ratio for screening of gastric cancer (GC).MethodsBlood samples were taken from 41 patients with confirmed gastric cancer along with 82 patients without malignancy. Serum levels of pepsinogen I and II, plus plasma levels of acylated ghrelin were measured using commercial ELISA kits.ResultsThe case group had significant lower plasma levels of ghrelin, pepsinogen I, and pepsinogen I/II ratio in comparison to the control group (P<0.001). In the control group, there was significant higher serum pepsinogen I (P=0.028) and pepsinogen II (P=0.003) and lower pepsinogen I/II ratio (P=0.020) in males versus females; significantly higher serum pepsinogen II (P=0.047) and lower pepsinogen I/II ratio (P=0.030) in overweight compared to normal weight patients; and significantly lower pepsinogen I/II ratio (P=0.030) in smokers versus non-smoker. In the case group, there was only significantly lower pepsinogen I (P=0.006) in males versus females, and significantly lower plasma ghrelin (P=0.017) in overweight compared to normal weight patients. The characteristic curve analysis indicated that pepsinogen I at a cut-off of 70.95 μg/L and pepsinogen I/II ratio at cut-off of 2.99, had good sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsJust serums levels of pepsinogen I and the ratio of pepsinogen I/II can be used as biomarker to screen GC.
Performance evaluation of an Indoxyl Sulfate Assay Kit “NIPRO”
Authors: Fushimi Yuki , Tatebe Junko , Okuda Yuko , Ishii Toshiaki , Ujiie Shinji , Morita Toshisuke 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The relationship between renal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently known as cardiorenal syndrome. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is one of the uremic toxins that accelerates the progression of cardiorenal syndrome. This report presents a new method for measuring IS in a simpler way.

Methods
We evaluated the analytical performance of an IS Assay Kit “NIPRO” loaded on LABOSPECT 008. The evaluated analytical performances included accuracy, precision, dilution linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), recovery test, interference test and comparison against assays performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results
Total precision showed a <5.3% coefficient of variation at IS concentrations of 3.57–277.73 μmol/L, and satisfactory results were observed in the dilution linearity, LOD, LOQ, recovery and interference tests. The IS Assay Kit “NIPRO” showed a high correlation with the HPLC conventional method (r = 0.993).

Conclusions
The IS Assay Kit “NIPRO” demonstrated satisfactory analytical performance, and this suggests it could shortly become another common method to measure circulating IS.