bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Promoter 4G/5G Genotype and Increased PAI-1 Circulating Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Grancha S. , Estellés A. , Tormo G. , Falco C. , Gilabert J. , España F. , Cano A. , Segui R. , Aznar J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIncreased circulating levels of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, genetic and environmental determinants of PAI-1 expression are only partially understood. The levels of PAI-1 have been found to relate to 4/5 guanosine (4G/5G) polymorphism in the promoter region of the PAI-1 gene. The 4G allele in this polymorphism has been associated with higher levels of plasma PAI-1 activity, but despite the strong correlation between PAI-1 activity and antigen, no association has been found between PAI-1 antigen levels and the PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G genotype. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of the PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G genotype on PAI-1 levels in post-menopause women with coronary disease in comparison with healthy women in pre and postmenopausal status, and the influence of this genotype on variations in PAI-1 levels after hormone replacement therapy (HRT). No differences between 4G/5G allele distribution in the groups studied were observed. The group of postmenopausal women with CAD showed significantly increased PAI-1 antigen and activity levels in comparison with the control groups, and the levels of PAI-1 correlated with the 4G/5G genotype. A multivariate analysis revealed that in the CAD group there was a high correlation between 4G allele dosage and PAI-1 antigen levels, which were also influenced by the triglyceride levels but not by estrogen or glucose levels. After hormone replacement therapy the decrease in PAI-1 levels was correlated with the 4G allele dosage. We conclude that in the group of postmenopausal women with CAD the influence of the PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G genotype on PAI-1 levels is more evident than in the control groups, and that the decrease in PAI-1 levels after HRT in CAD women correlates with the 4G allele dosage.
Procoagulant Activity and Cytokine Expression in Whole Blood Cultures from Patients with Atherosclerosis Supplemented with Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Authors: Seljeflot Ingebjørg , Johansen Odd , Arnesen Harald , Eggesbø Jan-Bertil , Westvik Åse-Britt , Kierulf Peter 
Published: June 2019

SummaryOmega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) may reduce atherogenesis and thrombosis. We investigated the effects of n-3 FAs on procoagulant activity and cytokine expression in whole blood cultures from patients with atherosclerosis. Eleven of the 23 included patients had received 5.1 g n-3 FA daily for 6 months (group I) whereas 12 patients had been on placebo (group II). All patients were then given 5.1g n-3 FA daily for another 4 weeks.At baseline significantly lower levels of LPS-induced prothrombin fragment1+2 were found in group I (p = 0.010), this difference being eliminated after 4 weeks. Il-6 and TNFαwere significantly higher at baseline in group I and the differences in changes from baseline between the groups were statistically highly significant with increasing values in group II (Il-6 p = 0.001, TNFαp = 0.002).The present results indicate a reduction in pro-thrombotic potential in patients receiving highly concentrated n-3 FA, whereas some pro-inflammatory responses might be adverse.
Increased Thrombogenic Potential of Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages Spontaneously Transformed into Foam Cells
Authors: Colli Susanna , Lalli Mariagrazia , Risè Patrizia , Mussoni Luciana , Eligini Sonia , Galli Claudio , Tremoli Elena 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis study investigated whether spontaneous lipid enrichment of human macrophages affects their thrombogenic potential as measured by increased production of tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activation inhibitor types 1 and 2 (PAI-1 and PAI-2). Macrophages were obtained following a 7-day culture period of monocytes, isolated from the same donor, in autologous serum (HS) or in fetal bovine serum (FBS). Those cultured in HS underwent marked lipid accumulation relative to those cultured in FBS that was accompanied by increased production of TF and PAI-1, but not of PAI-2, and decreased production of interleukin-1β. They also contained more arachidonic and linoleic acid and lower amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). These data indicate that the transformation of macrophages into foam cells results in an increase in their thrombogenic and antifibrinolytic potential and provide a possible explanation of the thrombotic sequelae frequently consequent on plaque fissuring and disruption.
High Prevalence of Factor V Leiden in Healthy Jordanian Arabs
Authors: Awidi A. , Shannak M. , Bseiso A. , Kailani M. A. M. , Kailani M. A. , Omar N. , Anshasi B. , Sakarneh N. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe prevalence of APC resistance in healthy Jordanian Arabs was studied. Between October 1996 through September 1997 a total of 400 healthy subjects were studied. There were 212 males and 188 females. APC resistance was studied by functional and DNA methods. There were a total of 52 subjects (13%) who were APC resistant by the functional test. There were 49 subjects (12.25%) who had FV Q506 by DNA test. Of these there were 42 heterozygous and 7 homozygous (allele frequency 0.07). None of the subjects had clinical thrombosis. It is concluded that the prevalence of APC resistance due to FV Q506 is high in Jordanian Arabs.
Nucleotide Structure and Characterization of the Murine Gene Encoding the Endothelial Cell Protein C Receptor
Authors: Liang Zhong , Rosen Elliot D. , Castellino Francis J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe nucleotide sequence of the entire gene encoding the murine endothelial cell receptor for activated protein C (EPCR) has been determined. A total of 5303 bp of DNA was sequenced that included 4 exons and three introns, which constituted the coding region of the gene, as well as 393 bp upstream of the first exon and 841 bp downstream of the last exon. From the locations of the introns in this gene and analysis of the exon structures, it is clear the EPCR gene is a member of the CD1 class of multiple histocompatibility proteins, and its cDNA sequence is nearly identical to that of CCD41, a centrosome-associated protein. All elements needed for RNA polymerase II-based transcription are predicted to exist in the 5’ uncoded region of the gene, and potential 3’ regulatory sequences for efficient polyadenylation have been located at their optimal locations. A variety of highly probable transcription factor binding sites have been located in the 5’ region of the gene. These data suggest that the EPCR gene is under efficient transcriptional control, and support the finding that this gene product may be involved in the inflammatory pathway.
Fibrin-specificity of a Plasminogen Activator Affects the Efficiency of Fibrinolysis and Responsiveness to Ultrasound: Comparison of Nine Plasminogen Activators In Vitro
Authors: Sakharov Dmitry V. , Barrett-Bergshoeff Marrie , Hekkenberg Rob T. , Rijken Dingeman C. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn a number of cases, thrombolytic therapy fails to re-open occluded blood vessels, possibly due to the occurrence of thrombi resistant to lysis. We investigated in vitro how the lysis of hardly lysable model thrombi depends on the choice of the plasminogen activator (PA) and is accelerated by ultrasonic irradiation. Lysis of compacted crosslinked human plasma clots was measured after addition of nine different PAs to the surrounding plasma and the effect of 3 MHz ultrasound on the speed of lysis was assessed.Fibrin-specific PAs showed bell-shaped dose-response curves of varying width and height. PAs with improved fibrin-specificity (staphylokinase, the TNK variant of tissue-type PA [tPA], and the PA from the saliva of the Desmodus rotundus bat) induced rapid lysis in concentration ranges (80-, 260-, and 3,500-fold ranges, respectively) much wider than that for tPA (a 35-fold range). However, in terms of speed of lysis, these three PAs exceeded tPA only slightly. Reteplase and single-chain urokinase were comparable to tPA, whereas two-chain urokinase, anistreplase, and streptokinase were inferior to tPA. In the case of fibrin-specific PAs, ultrasonic treatment accelerated lysis about 1.5-fold. For streptokinase no acceleration was observed. The effect of ultrasound correlated with the presence of plasminogen in the outer plasma, suggesting that it was mediated by facilitating the transport of plasminogen to the surface of the clot.In conclusion, PAs with improved fibrin-specificity induce rapid lysis of plasminogen-poor compacted plasma clots in much wider concentration ranges than tPA. This offers a possibility of using single-or double-bolus administration regimens for such PAs. However, it is not likely that administration of these PAs will directly cause a dramatic increase in the rate of re-opening of the occluded arteries since they are only moderately superior to tPA in terms of maximal speed of lysis. Application of high-frequency ultrasound as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy may increase the treatment efficiency, particularly in conjunction with fibrin-specific PAs.
Thrombin Induces Surface and Intracellular Secretion of Amyloid Precursor Protein from Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ciallella John R. , Figueiredo Helmer , Smith-Swintosky Virginia , McGillis Joseph P. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThrombin, a major coagulant and inflammatory mediator, was shown to regulate amyloid precursor protein (APP) secretion. APP is the protein from which the amyloid beta peptide (Aß) is derived. Aß forms the core of vascular and cerebral plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to examine the effects of thrombin on APP expression. Cell supernatants from thrombin-treated HUVEC were immunoblotted to measure secreted APP. Thrombin-induced secretion of APP peaks at approximately 30 min post-treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis found that APP is not colocalized with or secreted through the same pathway as coagulation factor VIII. The secretion of APP is thrombin receptor-mediated, since it is inhibited by the thrombin antagonist N-Acetyl-D-Phe-Pro1Amido-4-Guanidino-Butyl-1-Boronic Acid. It also is induced by treatment with a calcium ionophore. Moreover, APP secretion is protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent because it is blocked by the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide. APP secretion also occurs from the cell surface, possibly through direct cleavage by thrombin. Immunoreactivity on the surface of HUVEC decreased after thrombin treatment but not after treatment with a non-proteolytic thrombin receptor activator. These data suggest that thrombin induces APP secretion through a PKC-dependent mechanism, as well as from the cell surface. Our results are consistent with thrombin playing a role in AD pathology.
The Independence of Maximal Intimal Thickening from Severity of Balloon Injury in the Rabbit Aorta
Authors: Waissbluth Alvaro D. , Schwartz David , Abendschein Dana R. , Eisenberg Paul R. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryEndothelial injury induces intimal thickening, but whether more extensive injury increases the extent of neointimal proliferation in the rabbit aorta is not well defined. We induced graded injury in the abdominal aortas of rabbits and maximal intimal/medial (I/M) area and thickness ratios were calculated from aortic cross sections harvested 2 weeks after injury. The degree of injury was verified by blinded observers who graded the extent of disruption of the internal elastic laminae. Intimal thickening was not significantly different after severe injury (mean maximal I/M area ratio 0.32 ± 0.02 [SE], n = 16) compared with moderate injury (0.23 ± 0.02, n = 8, p = 0.24), but was greater than that induced by mild injury (0.08 ± 0.01, n = 7, p <0.0001). The ratio of the maximal I/M thickness was similar in all groups (I/M thickness ratio 0.68 ± 0.04, 0.73 ± 0.04, and 0.56 ± 0.04 for severe, moderate, and mild focal injury groups, respectively; p = 0.19). Thus, balloon injury of the rabbit aorta induces reproducible thickening of the intima by 2 weeks. The maximal I/M area ratio is dependent on the extent of injury, while the maximal intimal thickening is independent.
A model study on effects of vanadium ion diffusion through ion exchange membranes in a non-aqueous redox flow battery
Authors: Lee Dohyeon , Ryu Seungbo , Shin Sung-Hee , Kim Jae-Hun , Moon Seung-Hyeon 
Published: June 2019

A simple charge-discharge model of a nonaqueous vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) was introduced in this study to analyze the diffusion coefficients of active materials permeating an electrolyte membrane. Using this model, the effects of diffusion coefficients on the long-term performance, efficiency, and capacity of the system have been studied. Based on a literature review, the diffusion coefficients of approximately 10−7–10−6 cm2 s−1 were applied and the results were analyzed to determine relevant parameters for this study. Through this study, it has been confirmed that the capacity of the system was maintained at 100% under ideal conditions in the long-term operation, whereas that of the system reduced by more than half when only one vanadium species moved and is 10 mAh when all vanadium species moved. In addition, the simulation clarified the effect of diffusion coefficients on coulombic efficiency. In most conditions of the various diffusion coefficients, coulombic efficiency enhanced through cycle had been operated. In the case of voltage efficiency, the value was not largely changed regardless of diffusion coefficients since it was affected more by other factors. One important factor revealed through this model study is that electrolyte membrane performance of the VRFB system was not only affected by the diffusion coefficient of a specific ion, but also by the relationship between the diffusion coefficients of all active ions involved in the reaction. This study provides guidance for the development of an electrolyte membrane to improve the performance of VRFB systems.
Extracting multiword expressions from texts with the aid of online resources
Authors: Bui Thuy , Boers Frank , Coxhead Averil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article reports on a classroom intervention where L2 learners were prompted to look for multiword expressions in texts. The participants were two intact classes of Vietnamese learners of English as a foreign language. Over a period of eight weeks, the experimental group (n = 26) looked for expressions in texts, while the comparison group (n = 28) used the same texts for content-related activities. In pairs, students in the experimental group consulted online dictionaries and an online corpus to help them determine which word strings in the texts were common expressions. The students’ worksheets and audio-recorded interactions suggest they were by and large successful at this, but also reveal the students found it hard to identify the boundaries of expressions and occasionally failed to find the dictionary (sub-)entries that matched them. The two groups’ ability to recall the expressions was gauged by comparing their scores on a pre-test and a post-test administered one week after the last class and again five months later. The learning gains were greater in the experimental group, although the difference fell short of significance in the delayed post-test. Students in the experimental group whose proficiency in English was relatively high tended to benefit the most.
Modelling of multicomponent polydisperse systems using small-angle scattering data
Authors: Konarev P V , Kryukova A E , Volkov V V , Svergun D I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Algorithms for modelling of multicomponent polydisperse systems using small-angle scattering data have been developed. They cover a wide range of particle form-factors and take into account interparticle interactions. The algorithms are implemented in computer programs MIXTURE and POLYSAS, and their performance is tested on a number of simulated and experimental examples. The stability of the solution search is explored for the case of a two-component polydisperse system of spherical particles.
Influence of nanosecond laser irradiation on the structure and conductivity of BCx films
Authors: Zinin P V , Romanov R I , Fominski V Yu , Filonenko V P , Troyan I A , Bulatov K M , Vasil’evskii I S , Safonov D A , Fominski D V , Soloviev A A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Thin-film precursors of BC
x
were formed by pulsed laser codeposition of boron and carbon. Targets made of pressed boron and carbon powders with an equal element content (B/C = 1/1) and an increased carbon content (B/C = 1/3) were used. The films were deposited on sapphire substrates at elevated temperature (700°C) which determined the initial properties of the precursor BC
x
films. Irradiation of the films was carried out by laser pulses of nanosecond duration with varying intensity. The films obtained by laser annealing of BC
x
(Q-BC
x
) were studied by scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Irradiation under optimal conditions made allowed to realize pulsed melting of the films and partial preservation of their continuity on the substrate. The local structure of Q-BC
x
films and the nature of the changes in their electrophysical properties depended on the composition of the precursor films and the laser irradiation regimes.
Electronic, phononic and superconducting properties of hydrides of yttrium and sulfur at high pressure
Authors: Grishakov K S , Degtyarenko N N , Mazur E A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The electronic, phononic, and superconducting properties of double hydrides YH6and H3S are analyzed and compared with that for triple hydride YS4H4 . A common physical and numerical approach was used to determine both the stability range and the critical superconducting temperature. The characteristics of the high-pressure phase of the triple hydride YS4H4 are obtained.
Simulation of magnetization and heating processes in HTS tapes stacks
Authors: Anischenko I V , Pokrovskii S V , Rudnev I A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this work we present a computational model for a magnetic levitation system based on stacks of 12 mm x 12 mm second generation GdBa2Cu3O7-x high temperature superconducting (HTSC) tapes. In our model we have used the magnetic and transport characteristics of real industrial HTSC tapes. The thermal properties of each layer of high-temperature superconducting tape and the features of the layered structure of whole stack have also been taken into account. The numerical simulation was performed using the finite element method. Distributions of both magnetic field throughout the space and the current in every tape of the stack were calculated for two cases: (i) cryocooler cooling mode and (ii) cooling in the liquid nitrogen. The magnetization curves of the stacks in external field of a permanent NdFeB magnet and levitation force dependence on the gap between the magnet and the HTS tapes stack in these cooling modes were obtained. We have calculated heat transfer and temperature distribution in the system taking into account the effect of thermal properties of Hastelloy substrate, as well as Cu and Ag stabilization layers on the cooling process and dynamic magnetization. Simulation results were compared with the experimental data and a good agreement with numerical ones was shown.
Structure and electronic properties of small gold clusters
Authors: Kurelchuk U.N. , Vasilyev O.S. , Borisyuk P.V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Structure and electronic properties of small Au nanoclusters study was performed using density functional theory with pseudopotential in relativistic approximation. Density of states of the valence band, projected density of states was calculated, Bader charge density analysis is presented. The spatial behavior of the density of states was studied. Charge-momentum spatial anisotropy observed in symmetrical nanoclusters, electronic states on Fermi level of 1nm clusters founded to be caused mostly by d5/2 surface states.
Constructing the Standard Model fermions
Authors: Rowlands Peter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Standard Model has three generations of fermions and antifermions, each with two states of isospin, and each of these has both a lepton and a quark in three possible colour states. In total there are 48 states. No known system exists for constructing these from first principles. Here, it is suggested that the number of degrees of freedom required is a consequence of the nilpotent complexified vector-quaternion Dirac algebra, which emerges from the representation of the fundamental parameters mass, time, charge and space as a Klein-4 group, and that these degrees of freedom lead to unique structural representations of each of the individual fermions.
Preliminary study for developing instantaneous quantum computing algorithms (IQCA)
Authors: Amoroso Richard L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Since the mid-1990s theoretical quadratic exponential and polynomial Quantum Computing (QC) speedup algorithms have been discussed. Recently the advent of relativistic information processing (RIP) introducing a relativistic qubit (r-qubit) with additional degrees of freedom beyond the current Hilbert space Bloch 2-sphere qubit formalism extended theory has appeared. In this work a penultimate form of QC speedup – Instantaneous Quantum Computing Algorithms (IQCA) is proposed. Discussion exists on passing beyond the quantum limits of locality and unitarity heretofore restricting the evolution of quantum systems to the standard Copenhagen Interpretation. In that respect as introduced in prior work an ontological-phase topological QC avails itself of extended modeling. As well-known by EPR experiments instantaneous connectivity exists inherently in the nonlocal arena. As our starting point we utilize Bohm’s super-implicate order where inside a wave packet a super-quantum potential introduces nonlocal connectivity. Additionally EPR experiments entangle simultaneously emitted photon pairs by parametric down-conversion. Operating an IQCA requires a parametric up-conversion cycle an M-Theoretic Unified Field Mechanical (MUFM) set of topological transformations beyond the current Galilean Lorentz-Poincairé transforms of the standard model (SM). Yang-Mills Kaluza-Klein (YM-KK) correspondence is shown to provide a path beyond the semi-quantum limit to realize the local-nonlocal duality required to implement IQCA.
On the risk of premature unification
Authors: Delphenich D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Although the wish to unify theories into something more fundamental is omnipresent and compelling, nonetheless, in a sense, theories must first be “unifiable.” The reasons for the success of the unification of electricity and magnetism into a theory of electromagnetism are contrasted with the reasons for the failure of the Einstein-Maxwell unification of gravitation and electromagnetism and the attempts of quantum gravity to unify Einstein’s theory of gravity with quantum field theory. The difference between a unification of two theories, a concatenation of them, and the existence of a formal analogy between them is also discussed.