bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Insight Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Evidences, and Biosynthesis of Key Metabolites of Indian Himalayan Cherry (Prunus cerasoides Don.) with Emphasis on its Safety and Use in Tradtional Phytomedicine
Authors: Jyotshna  , Shanker Karuna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPadmaka (Prunus cerasoides Don.), or wild Himalayan cherry, is a deciduous tree from the Rosaceaae family. The Prunus genus has 400–430 species, including shrubs and trees. It is widely distributed across the Himalayan region of India, China, Myanmar, Nepal, and Thailand. It is used in many classical formulations of various Asian traditional medicinal systems viz., Ayurveda, TCM (traditional Chineese Medicines) and TTM (Traditional Thai Medicines) for treating burning sensations, Blisters, blood disorders, dizziness, bleeding disorders, herps, and skin disorders. The present review covers the research updates on P. cerasoides from 1982 to 2023, accessible on scholars’ platforms and databases. More than 200 phytomolecules have been investigated for their biological potential and the discovery of pharmacophores‐inspired drugs. Padmaka instigated over fifty diverse phytochemicals, viz. flavones, isoflavones, chalcones, terpenoids, glycosides, and sterols. The phytochemical flux of P. cerasoides is dominant with phenylpropanoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and terpenoids. Several experimental shreds of evidence emphasized the biological significance of P. cerasoides extracts and their derived phytochemicals. Medicinal significance and its safety in clinical validation have been discussed efficiently. Moreover, the barrier in validated therapeutics is a lack of information on the bioavailability of specialized bioactive, standardization, safety, and toxicokinetic. This review also provides insight into discussions on the key specialized secondary metabolism in P. cerasoides responsible for pharmacological/therapeutic action.
Exploring Fluorinase Substrate Tolerance at C‐2 of SAM
Authors: Lowe Phillip T. , Lüddecke Isabeau , O'Hagan David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe fluorinase enzyme (EC 2.5.1.63) utilises fluoride ion and S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) as substrates for conversion to 5′‐fluoro‐5′‐deoxy‐adenosine (5′‐FDA) and L‐methionine (L‐Met). The enzyme has a very strict substrate specificity, however it has been shown to tolerate acetylenes and NH2 replacements for H at C‐2 of the adenine ring of SAM. This substrate tolerance is explored further here with −NHR, −N3, −OR and −SR substituents attached to C‐2. New activities are demonstrated, for example with NH‐methyl, NH‐propyl,NH‐butyl and O‐butyl substrates at C‐2, however azide and thioethers were not tolerated. Outcomes are supported by in silico analysis, revealing favourable H‐bonding interactions involving NH and O substituents at the adenine C‐2 position with N278 and the backbone amide of A279 at the active site respectively. The study informs on the selectivity of the fluorinase as a tool for radiolabelling candidate ligands with fluorine‐18 for positron emission tomography programmes.
Utilizing Invasive Coronary Functional Testing in a Coronary Microvascular and Vasomotor Dysfunction Program: Methods and Considerations
Authors: Quesada Odayme , Ashokprabhu Namrita D. , Tapp Danielle N. , Hamstra Michelle S. , Losekamp Melissa , Schmidt Christian , Palmer Cassady , Gallatin Julie , Tierney Darlene , Trenaman Tammy , Canoniero Mariana , Frizzell Jarrod , Henry Timothy D. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCoronary microvascular and vasomotor dysfunction (CMVD) is associated with a threefold increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and is the primary mechanism responsible for angina/ischemia in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA/INOCA). Proper assessment for CMVD is vital to provide targeted treatment and improve patient outcomes. Invasive coronary functional testing (ICFT) is the “gold standard,” for CMVD assessment and can be used to diagnose all endotypes. However, there is a lack of standardization for ICFT protocols and use in the treatment of CMVD.AimsTo provide a comprehensive overview of ICFT protocols utilized at the Christ Hospital Womens Heart Center (TCH‐WHC).MethodsHere, we outline our standard operating procedures for ICFT utilized at TCH‐WHC, including the procedures two main methods: Doppler and Thermodilution. We describe our structured approach for ICFT referral and postdiagnostic clinical management utilized at The Christ Hospital Women's Heart Center (TCH‐WHC) CMVD program. We then quantified how ICFT has contributed to growth of the TCH‐WHC.ResultsFrom October of 2020 until July of 2024, a total of 422 patients have undergone ICFT at TCH‐WCH, 64% were performed via the Doppler protocol and 36% were performed via the Thermodilution protocol. Based on exclusive endotype categories, 19% had an endothelial‐independent CMD alone, 19% had endothelial‐dependent CMD or microvascular VSA alone, 3% had epicardial VSA alone, 42% had mixed disease (any combination of the above categories), and 17% had a normal ICFT.ConclusionsICFT provides opportunity to provide diagnostic clarity and optimize medical treatment for CMVD. TCH‐WHC's structured approach for ICFT referral and protocol for conducting comprehensive ICFT which has been vital for the growth of our specialized CMVD program.
The impact of mechanical scouring and moisture conditioning on the in vitro protein digestibility and quality of roller‑milled green lentil (Lens culinaris) and yellow pea (Pisum sativum)
Authors: Franczyk Adam J. , Bui Nguyen , Chen Jiayi , Boyd Lindsey , Wang Ning , Sopiwnyk Elaine , Sarkar Ashok , Neufeld Jason , Paliwal Jitendra , Nickerson Michael , House James D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMilling practices, otherwise refined for specific uses in cereal‐based foods, have not been thoroughly developed for pulses. This study investigates whether scouring and moisture conditioning pretreatments on yellow peas and green lentils can enhance hull removal, and in turn, whether changes in hull removal alter in vitro protein digestibility and quality.FindingsTotal by‐product losses were significant in green lentils when subject to scouring, which was altered by high moisture addition in yellow peas. The scouring pretreatment altered both the protein digestibility and amino acid scores of green lentils, which translated to improved protein quality in all streams, but significantly in the break flour stream. Yellow peas similarly demonstrated significant improvements in protein quality from scouring, as a result of altered amino acid scores.ConclusionThe addition of a scouring procedure can improve the protein quality of yellow peas and green lentils.Significance and NoveltyPulse milling procedures are rarely evaluated for optimization of protein quality. This research establishes milling protocols that may be used to enhance the protein quality of yellow peas and green lentils.
Fanconi Anemia: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management—A Case Series Report
Authors: Eghbali Aziz , Safdari Seyed Mehrab , Yousefi Roozbahani Maedeh , Tavajohi Khatereh , Hosseini Soudabeh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by congenital abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure, and a predisposition to malignancies. Detecting FA can be challenging, as it involves identifying increased chromosomal sensitivity to DNA cross‐linking agents and detecting causative genetic variants via genome sequencing. We report two cases of siblings with FA, both confirmed to have the FANCD2 variant through whole‐exome sequencing (WES). The first patient presented with epistaxis, petechiae, ecchymosis, and lower limb edema. The second patient exhibited epistaxis, diabetes, developmental delay, and physical abnormalities. Interestingly, both patients had negative results on the initial chromosomal breakage test with mitomycin C, a commonly used diagnostic tool for FA. However, further investigation with WES revealed the presence of the FANCD2 variant, confirming the FA diagnosis. This case report highlights the challenges in diagnosing FA, particularly when initial screening tests yield negative results. Molecular genetic testing, such as WES, can provide a definitive diagnosis and guide appropriate management strategies. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for improving outcomes in individuals with this potentially fatal illness, as promising advancements in treatments such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy offer hope for addressing FA.
CoFe Hydroxide Nanospheres for Enhanced Alkaline Water Splitting and Seawater Oxidation:Anion Doping Effects of Fluorine and Carbonate
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Shi JunYu , Wang Dandan , Min Yulin , Xu Qunjie , Li Qiaoxia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGreen hydrogen production can be achieved through electrolysis of fresh water or the use of renewable energy to electrolyze seawater. However, due to the low activity and poor stability of oxygen evolution reaction catalysts, direct electrolysis of alkaline seawater faces significant challenges. Herein, The catalyst F‐CoFe(OH)‐CO3/NF with three‐dimensional nanosphere structure was prepared, The introduction of CO32− into the intermediate layer of CoFe hydroxide improves the corrosion resistance of alkaline electrolyte and the doping of F− is to design three‐dimensional layered nanostructures, increase the active site, and accelerate the diffusion of the electrolyte. By in situ Raman analysis, partial oxidation of CoFe hydroxide to CoFe (oxy)hydroxide as the active center can accelerating the adsorption of oxygen‐related intermediates. In 1 M KOH, it requires overpotentials of 210 mV and 251 mV to drive current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. And it remained stable at the current density of 100 mA cm−2 for 120 h in 1 M KOH. F‐CoFe(OH)‐CO3/NF can also catalyzes the decomposition of electrolytic seawater. Compared with hydroxide, anion‐doped carbonate hydroxide is more efficient and stable in electrolyte solution, which is of great importance for the development of a new stable electrocatalyst for water decomposition.
Stereological Analysis of the Rhesus Monkey Perirhinal and Parahippocampal Cortices
Authors: Villard Justine , Chareyron Loïc J. , Banta Lavenex Pamela , Amaral David G. , Lavenex Pierre 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices are key components of the medial temporal lobe memory system. Despite their essential roles in mnemonic and perceptual functions, there is limited quantitative information regarding their structural characteristics. Here, we implemented design‐based stereological techniques to provide estimates of neuron number, neuronal soma size, and volume of the different layers and subdivisions of the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices in adult macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta, 5–9 years of age). We found that areas 36r and 36c of the perirhinal cortex and areas TF and TH of the parahippocampal cortex exhibit relatively large superficial layers, which are characteristic of the laminar organization of higher order associational cortices. In contrast, area 35 of the perirhinal cortex exhibits relatively large deep layers. Although neuronal soma size varies between subdivisions and layers, neurons are generally larger in the perirhinal cortex than in the parahippocampal cortex and even larger in the entorhinal cortex. These morphological characteristics are consistent with the hierarchical organization of these cortices within the medial temporal lobe. Comparing data in rats, monkeys, and humans, we found species differences in the relative size of these structures, showing that the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices have expanded in parallel to the cerebral cortex and may play a greater role in the integration of information in the neocortical–hippocampal loop in primates. Altogether, these normative data provide an essential reference to extrapolate findings from experimental studies in animals and create realistic models of the medial temporal lobe memory system.
Presence and Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Reflective Functioning on Aggression in Adults With Antisocial Behaviour
Authors: Luijkx Judith , van Loon Linda M. A. , De Wit‐De Visser Brenda , van Dam Arno 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis cross‐sectional study investigated the relationship between the presence and impact of ACEs with both reactive and proactive aggression, and the possible moderating role of mentalization (operationalized as reflective functioning) in these expected relationships. Sixty‐five inpatient and outpatient adults with any kind of antisocial behaviour completed the Dutch version of the Traumatic Experiences Checklist, the Reactive‐Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, and the Adult Attachment Interview with the use of the Reflective Functioning Scale. Preliminary analysis showed a remarkably high level of ACEs, and a relatively high reported impact of these experiences. We found a positive relationship between the total presence of ACEs (including childhood maltreatment and adverse household factors), and both reactive and proactive aggression. We also found positive relationships between the experienced impact of these ACEs and both reactive and proactive aggression. Regarding childhood maltreatment in family of origin, we did not find a correlation between the presence of these experiences and respectively reactive and proactive aggression. However, we found a correlation between the impact of childhood maltreatment and reactive aggression. These results suggest that in addition to the cumulative experience of ACEs, the subjective burden of these experiences on individuals must not be underestimated in case of aggression. Additional moderation analysis showed no differences in these relationships in case of less developed versus medium‐high developed reflective functioning. The findings substantiate the importance of early prevention and treatment programs with focus on ACEs to possibly reduce aggression.
Photoswitching Characteristics, Photochromism and Mechanochromism of Extended π‐Conjugated Azopyrazole and Azoisoxazole Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Himanshu , Nasare Roshan , Parthiban Gayathri , Kumar Pravesh , Kumar Gaur Ankit , Kumar Thakur Sandeep , Singh Sanjay , Venkataramani Sugumar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerein, we report extended π‐conjugated arylazopyrazole and arylazoisoxazole photoswitches towards tuning and modulation of their intrinsic properties. In this regard, we systematically introduced phenyl, styryl, (triphenylvinyl)styryl, phenylethynyl groups at ortho, meta, and para positions relative to the azo unit to extend the π‐conjugation and vary the electronic coupling. In addition, the heterocyclic substituents were also modified. Overall, 20 photoswitches with modular substituents have been synthesized and studied for the photoswitching ability and thermal relaxations of Z isomers in the solution phase and solid state. Besides deciphering the importance of extending conjugation in photoswitching characteristics, intriguing properties such as mechanochromism and reversible bidirectional photochromism in the solid state were also unravelled. Through extensive spectroscopic studies, we envisage the effect of electronic coupling due to π‐conjugation and its impact on longer wavelength light‐induced photoswitching that holds several application potentials.
Crystal Growth, Optical, Mechanical and Dielectric Analysis of Semiorganic Glycine Manganese Sulphate Single Crystal for Opto‐Electronic Device Application
Authors: Revathi P. , Balakrishnan T. , Thirupathy J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlycine manganese sulphate (GMS) crystals are produced by a slow evaporation technique at room temperature. This is confirmed that triclinic of the crystal lattice system by using single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and to determine the lattice parameters of the synthesised crystals. Powder XRD is used to confirm the planar indexing and crystalline structure. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectra are examined to verify that functional groups are present in the generated GMS crystals. By establishing a cut‐off wavelength of 253 nm, spectra of visible, near‐infrared, and Ultra Violet (UV) light from 200 to 1100 nm are analyzed. At frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 8 MHz, the grown crystal's dielectric response is studied. Vickers microhardness tester is utilized to find out how strong the grown crystal is mechanically. Photoluminescence (PL) investigations often aim to detect crystal formation faults and contaminants. Etching analysis is used to find surface flaws and dislocations on the formed crystal's surface. The internal surface property of the produced crystal is investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings contradicted each other, suggesting that the created GMS crystal be used in opto‐electronic device applications.
A Prediction Model for Lymph Node Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Multiple Risk Factors
Authors: Shen Hongyu , Zhang Tonghan , Wang Shuoyu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesCervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) frequently occurs in oral cancer patients. This study aims to investigate risk factors associated with CLNM and predict CLNM preoperatively in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and MethodsThis population‐based, hospital retrospective cohort study included 158 patients with oral cancer. We performed regression analysis to determine risk factors and establish a model for predicting CLNM in patients with OSCC. To distinguish and validate the prediction model, we used the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).ResultsLymph node size, tumor size, degree of differentiation, and LVI were risk factors for cancer metastasis. The OR values were 1.245, 2.847, 2.527, and 6.945, respectively. The AUC value for the clinical prediction model was 0.8736 (95% CI: 0.8043–0.9429).ConclusionsThe prediction model for OSCC patients predicts CLNM and provides a new method for preoperative assessment of whether cervical lymph nodes are metastatic, as well as a guide for surgical treatment, including whether to carry out neck dissection and which neck dissection procedure to use.
Resistance gene enrichment sequencing for NLR genes for Phytophthora sojae in selected soybean plant introductions and differentials with putative novel and known Rps genes
Authors: Hodge Brian , Batnini Amine , Bolaños‐Carriel Carlos , Van Kyujung , Maroof M. A. Saghai , McHale Leah , Dorrance Anne E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNumerous sources of putative novel resistance genes toward Phytophthora sojae (Rps genes) have been identified and loci mapped in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) but cloning has remained elusive. We utilized resistance gene enrichment sequencing (RenSeq) to identify the putative resistance genes in 20 plant introductions (PIs) and differentials of the cultivar Williams with rps, Rps1c, Rps3a, and Rps8. The DNA from these genotypes was enriched and sequenced using more than 25,000 80 nt baits designed to nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) encoding sequences. Overall, there were greater numbers of variants in the NLR‐encoding genes in Rps loci on chromosomes (Chrs) 3, 7, 13, and 18 for the 20 PIs as compared to the Williams differentials for rps, Rps1c, Rps1k, Rps3a, and Rps8. Genes encoding Rps1c, Rps3a, and Rps8 were proposed based on sequence differences among the differentials. Among the 20 PIs, there may be additional alleles on Chrs 3, 13, and 18, and PI399079 may have two new alleles at Chrs 3 and 7 loci. A unique NLR on Chr 8 was identified in PI200553. New alleles were also identified on Chrs 3 and 18 when the PI and resistant bulks were compared to susceptible recombinant inbred lines. This study demonstrates the utility of RenSeq as an efficient method to identify and predict specific novel NLR genes in landrace soybean germplasm, which confer resistance to P. sojae and obtain gene‐specific markers to facilitate their introgression into modern cultivars.
Robust Routing Optimization in VANET Communication Based on Bellman–Ford Multitier Metaheuristic Algorithms
Authors: Sahu Smita Rani , Tripathy Biswajit 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn modern cities, vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs) hold great promise for improving safety on the roads, traffic control, and communicating. The constantly changing and intricate nature of VANETs hampers adequate routing due to a variety of factors. The work examines the use of a multitiered metaheuristic algorithm that combines Bellman–Ford routing with the Fire Hawk, Gannet Optimization, and Mayfly Optimization algorithms to find optimal routing solutions for VANETs. The suggested work addresses network topological dynamics, actual time limitations, flexibility, connectivity problems, and security issues, in addition to the different quality of service (QoS) requirements in VANETs. Bellman–Ford serves as the foundational routing layer and maintains communication, whereas Fire Hawk, Gannet Optimization, and Mayfly Optimization improve and optimize routing patterns at subsequent levels. The multitier approach aims to strike a balance between the rational and probabilistic aspects of routing so as to satisfy the minimal latency needs of applications that are safety‐critical and respond quickly to the rapid changes in VANETs. The suggested work is evaluated with a traffic density ranging from 500 to 5000 with a step size of 500, and it has been observed that for the highest traffic density of 5000, the proposed work obtains a latency of 3.88 ms, data delivery rate of 0.944, a throughput of 2.94 Mbps, and energy efficiency of 97.14%. The proposed work remains robust compared to integrating state‐of‐the‐art metaheuristic algorithms such as ECRA, HOPRP, and CM. Overall, the proposed routing techniques increase routing efficiency in VANETs and make it possible to create vehicle communication networks that are more trustworthy and safe.
Spatial clustering of hosts can favor specialist parasites
Authors: Draghi Jeremy , Zook Evan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGeneralist parasites seem to enjoy the clear ecological advantage of a greater chance to find a host, and genetic trade‐offs are therefore often invoked to explain why specialists can coexist with or outcompete generalists. Here we develop an alternative perspective based on optimal foraging theory to explain why spatial clustering can favor specialists even without genetic trade‐offs. Using analytical and simulation models inspired by bacteriophage, we examine the optimal use of two hosts, one yielding greater reproductive success for the parasite than the other. We find that a phage may optimally ignore the worse host when the two hosts are clustered together in dense, ephemeral patches. We model conditions that enhance or reduce this selective benefit to a specialist parasite and show that it is eliminated entirely when the hosts occur only in separate patches. These results show that specialists can be favored even when trade‐offs are weak or absent and emphasize the importance of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in models of optimal niche breadth.