bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migrating is not enough for modern planktonic foraminifera in a changing ocean
Authors: Chaabane Sonia , de Garidel-Thoron Thibault , Meilland Julie , Sulpis Olivier , Chalk Thomas B. , Brummer Geert-Jan A. , Mortyn P. Graham , Giraud Xavier , Howa Hélène , Casajus Nicolas , Kuroyanagi Azumi , Beaugrand Gregory , Schiebel Ralf 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRising carbon dioxide emissions are provoking ocean warming and acidification1,2, altering plankton habitats and threatening calcifying organisms3, such as the planktonic foraminifera (PF). Whether the PF can cope with these unprecedented rates of environmental change, through lateral migrations and vertical displacements, is unresolved. Here we show, using data collected over the course of a century as FORCIS4 global census counts, that the PF are displaying evident poleward migratory behaviours, increasing their diversity at mid- to high latitudes and, for some species, descending in the water column. Overall foraminiferal abundances have decreased by 24.2 ± 0.1% over the past eight decades. Beyond lateral migrations5, our study has uncovered intricate vertical migration patterns among foraminiferal species, presenting a nuanced understanding of their adaptive strategies. In the temperature and calcite saturation states projected for 2050 and 2100, low-latitude foraminiferal species will face physicochemical environments that surpass their current ecological tolerances. These species may replace higher-latitude species through poleward shifts, which would reduce low-latitude foraminiferal diversity. Our insights into the adaptation of foraminifera during the Anthropocene suggest that migration will not be enough to ensure survival. This underscores the urgent need for us to understand how the interplay of climate change, ocean acidification and other stressors will impact the survivability of large parts of the marine realm.
Directed evolution of engineered virus-like particles with improved production and transduction efficiencies
Authors: Raguram Aditya , An Meirui , Chen Paul Z. , Liu David R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEngineered virus-like particles (eVLPs) are promising vehicles for transient delivery of proteins and RNAs, including gene editing agents. We report a system for the laboratory evolution of eVLPs that enables the discovery of eVLP variants with improved properties. The system uses barcoded guide RNAs loaded within DNA-free eVLP-packaged cargos to uniquely label each eVLP variant in a library, enabling the identification of desired variants following selections for desired properties. We applied this system to mutate and select eVLP capsids with improved eVLP production properties or transduction efficiencies in human cells. By combining beneficial capsid mutations, we developed fifth-generation (v5) eVLPs, which exhibit a 2–4-fold increase in cultured mammalian cell delivery potency compared to previous-best v4 eVLPs. Analyses of v5 eVLPs suggest that these capsid mutations optimize packaging and delivery of desired ribonucleoprotein cargos rather than native viral genomes and substantially alter eVLP capsid structure. These findings suggest the potential of barcoded eVLP evolution to support the development of improved eVLPs.
RF sensing enabled tracking of human facial expressions using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Hameed Hira , Elsayed Mostafa , Kaur Jaspreet , Usman Muhammad , Tang Chong , Ghadban Nour , Kernec Julien Le , Hussain Amir , Imran Muhammad , Abbasi Qammer H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAutomatic analysis of facial expressions has emerged as a prominent research area in the past decade. Facial expressions serve as crucial indicators for understanding human behavior, enabling the identification and assessment of positive and negative emotions. Moreover, facial expressions provide insights into various aspects of mental activities, social connections, and physiological information. Currently, most facial expression detection systems rely on cameras and wearable devices. However, these methods have drawbacks, including privacy concerns, issues with poor lighting and line of sight blockage, difficulties in training with longer video sequences, computational complexities, and disruptions to daily routines. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel and privacy-preserving human behavior recognition system that utilizes Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar combined with Machine Learning (ML) techniques for classifying facial expressions. Specifically, the study focuses on five common facial expressions: Happy, Sad, Fear, Surprise, and Neutral. The recorded data is obtained in the form of a Micro-Doppler signal, and state-of-the-art ML models such as Super Learner, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, Long Short-Term Memory, and Logistic Regression are employed to extract relevant features. These extracted features from the radar data are then fed into ML models for classification. The results show a highly promising classification accuracy of 91%. The future applications of the proposed work will lead to advancements in technology, healthcare, security, and communication, thereby improving overall human well-being and societal functioning.
Ultra-miniaturized HMSIW cavity-backed reconfigurable antenna diplexer employing dielectric fluids with wide frequency tuning range
Authors: Barik Rusan Kumar , Koziel Slawomir 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis communication presents an ultra-miniaturized two-way frequency tunable antenna diplexer based on cavity-backed slots and dielectric fluids. The proposed antenna utilizes two half-mode substrate-integrated rectangular cavities loaded with slots and fluidic pockets. The conventional size reduction is achieved by employing half-mode cavities, whereas ultra-miniaturization is obtained by applying the slots, which provides additional capacitive loading. As the cavities are of unequal sizes, a weak cross-coupling path is created between the ports to obtain high isolation (> 30 dB). The isolation is further enhanced by loading the slots. Two mechanisms are analyzed to tune the frequency bands individually or simultaneously. Firstly, the width of the slots can be altered to tune the frequency bands. However, this method involves modification of the physical dimensions of the antenna. Secondly, fluidic vias are created on the bottom plane of the cavities. These can be filled with various dielectric liquids to achieve frequency reconfigurability without altering the physical dimensions of the antenna. To demonstrate the concepts considered, the prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and experimentally validated. The structure has a footprint of 0.045λg2 and an isolation exceeding 33.4 dB. The operating frequencies are tunable in the range from 3.08 to 3.84 GHz (lower band) and from 4.97 to 6.33 GHz (upper band) by varying the dimensions of the slots whereas the operating frequencies are reconfigurable in the range from 2.74 to 3.38 GHz (lower band) and from 4.54 to 5.58 GHz (upper band), by employing microfluidic approach. As a result, the working frequencies may be varied in the range from 2.74 to 3.84 GHz (lower band) and from 4.54 to 6.33 GHz (upper band), making this antenna diplexer a competitive candidate for several communication systems. The cross-polarization levels, front-to-back ratio, and realized gain are greater than 19 dB, 18 dB, and 2. dBi, respectively. Excellent consistency is observed between full-wave simulation results and the measurement data.
Significant reduction of lattice thermal conductivity observed in CuInTe2–CuAlTe2 solid-solution alloys
Authors: Seon Seungchan , Kim BeomSoo , Park Okmin , Cho Hyungyu , Kim Sang-il 
Published: November 2024

The electrical, thermal, and thermoelectric properties of CuInTe2–CuAlTe2 solid solutions were investigated. The power factors decreased due to reduced carrier mobility, while lattice thermal conductivity dropped significantly.
Assessment of a Hearing Aid Training Program for Health Care Workers
Authors: Merrifield Marissa , Doherty Karen A. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate an in-person hearing aid training program designed for health care workers and personal care aides (PCAs) who care for older adults.

Method:

Participants were 18 health care workers and PCAs whose clients were older adults. This was a randomized controlled study in which half of the participants were assigned to the experimental group (
n
= 9) and the other half to a control group (
n
= 9). The experimental group was administered a hearing aid training program that was developed in this study for health care workers and PCAs. Participants in the control group were trained on a task similar in complexity and administration time to the hearing aid training program. The Practical Hearing Aid Skills Test–Revised Version 2 (PHAST-Rv2) was administered before and immediately after training. A 2 × 2 mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the pre- and post-training scores between and within the experimental and control groups. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the differences between pre- and post-training scores on each of the administered PHAST-Rv2 tasks. In addition, participants were asked about their experience helping clients with their hearing aids.

Results:
Mean pre- and post-training PHAST-Rv2 scores for the experimental group were 59.50% and 95.84%, respectively, and 57.66% and 59.96%, respectively, for the control group. Results from a 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA with time point (pre- and post-training) as the within-subject variable and group (experimental and control) as the between-subject variable demonstrated that hearing aid training significantly improved PHAST-Rv2 scores for the experimental group. Post-training, the tasks that the experimental group improved on the most were brushing the microphone port, cleaning the dome, placing the hearing aids in the charger, and inserting the hearing aid into the model ear. No demographic variables were significantly correlated with the participants' improvement on the PHAST-Rv2 post-training score.

Conclusion:
A hearing aid training program designed specifically for health care workers was shown to be an efficient and effective way to improve how well health care workers can care for and operate a hearing aid.
Watch Out! It Is Not Delirium—It Is Wernicke's Aphasia!
Authors: Chandregowda Adithya , Axelson Emily J. , Clark Heather M. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
This case report aims to raise awareness among health care professionals and students that acute onset Wernicke's aphasia could be misinterpreted as delirium. In such a context, a patient's psychological/emotional reactions (e.g., agitation, anger) to aphasia associated communication breakdowns can be mismanaged as primary psychiatric concerns.

Conclusion:
Preliminary suggestions for relevant clinical practice are offered.
A non‐isolated modified ultra high step‐up quadratic boost converter with classical voltage doubler circuit
Authors: Al Mahbub Emon Abdullah , Tabassum Mahzabin , Subhani Nafis , Bingi Kishore 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a modified ultra‐high gain DC–DC boost converter. The proposed converter has improved the performance of the conventional converter by reducing the total number of components (1 Capacitor and 1 Inductor) in the design structure. In addition, the continuous input current and high voltage gain features are retained in the proposed structure. The steady‐state modelling including the operating principles and the stress calculation along with the cost analysis of the components have been illustrated. The comparative performance analysis has been carried out to clarify the competitiveness of the proposed converter against the recent models. The proposed model has been simulated in Matlab/Simulink software and further, a 100 W laboratory prototype has been built to evaluate the performance of the proposed converter. The peak efficiency received was 90.5% while delivering 100 W power from the source. The results from the experiments have aligned well with the outcomes of the simulation and verify the correctness of the proposed converter.
Effects of ultrafast outflows on X-ray time lags in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Xu Yerong , Pinto Ciro , Kara Erin , Bianchi Stefano , Alston William , Tombesi Francesco 
Published: November 2024

Context. The time lag between soft (e.g., 0.3–1 keV) and hard (e.g., 1–4 keV) X-ray photons has been observed in many active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and can reveal the accretion process and geometry around supermassive black holes. High-frequency Fe K and soft lags are considered to originate from the light-travel distances between the corona and the accretion disk, while the propagation of the inward mass accretion fluctuation usually explains the low-frequency hard lags. Ultrafast outflows (UFOs) with a velocity range of ∼0.03 to 0.3c have also been discovered in numerous AGNs and are believed to be launched from the inner accretion disk. However, it remains unclear whether UFOs can affect the X-ray time lags.
Aims. As a pilot work, we aim to investigate the potential influence of UFOs on X-ray time lags of AGNs in a small sample.
Methods. By performing the UFO-resolved Fourier spectral timing analysis of archival XMM-Newton observations of three AGNs with transient UFOs – PG 1448+273, IRAS 13224-3809, and PG 1211+143 – we compare the X-ray timing products, such as lag-frequency and lag-energy spectra, of observations with and without UFO obscuration.
Results. Our results find that in each AGN, low-frequency hard lags become weak or even disappear when they are accompanied by UFOs. This change is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations at a confidence level of at least 2.7σ. In the high-frequency domain, soft lags remain unchanged, while the Fe K reverberation lags tentatively disappear. The comparison between timing products of low- and high-flux observations on another three AGNs without UFOs (Ark 564, NGC 7469, and Mrk 335) suggests that the disappearance of low-frequency hard lags is likely related to the emergence of UFOs, not necessarily related to the source flux.
Conclusions. The presence of UFOs can affect X-ray time lags of AGNs by suppressing the low-frequency hard lags, which can be explained by an additional time delay introduced by UFOs or disk accretion energy, which should transferred to heat the corona, carried away by UFOs.
Short-term anticorrelations between in situ averaged charge states of Fe and O in the solar wind
Authors: Gu Chaoran , Heidrich-Meisner Verena , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Observations of the Fe and O charge states in the solar wind and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) generally exhibit a positive correlation between the average charge states of Fe and O (avQFe and avQO). Because Fe and O charge states freeze at different heights in the corona, this positive correlation indicates that conditions at different heights in the corona vary as a whole.
Aims. We identify short time periods in the solar wind that exhibit anticorrelations between the average Fe and O charge states and investigate their properties. We aim to distinguish whether these anticorrelations are due to the related solar sources or to transport effects (e.g., differential streaming). We study kinetic properties of the solar wind related to these anticorrelated structures as well as heavy ion differential streaming in order to infer a possible relationship between conditions in coronal source regions and the reported in situ measurements.
Methods. We employed a recently developed sliding-window cross-correlation method to locate anticorrelated structures in the solar wind composition measurements between 2001 and 2010 from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). To account for fluctuations and measurement uncertainties, we varied the timescales and temporal lags. We determined the onset and end times of the gradual increases or decreases in the average charge states of O and Fe and analyzed the kinetic and plasma properties of the anticorrelated structures.
Results. We identified 103 anticorrelated structures both in the solar wind and in ICMEs. The behavior of avQFe is strongly related to solar wind kinetic properties, including proton speed, proton temperature, and the proton-proton collisional age. We find that the anticorrelation of avQFe and avQO during these time periods cannot be explained by differential streaming nor by unrecorded hot plasma ejections. Thus, the measured anticorrelated variations in avQFe and avQO probably indicate that changes in coronal conditions at different freeze-in heights may follow opposite monotonic trends.
PICZL: Image-based photometric redshifts for AGN
Authors: Roster W. , Salvato M. , Krippendorf S. , Saxena A. , Shirley R. , Buchner J. , Wolf J. , Dwelly T. , Bauer F. E. , Aird J. , Ricci C. , Assef R. J. , Anderson S. F. , Liu X. , Merloni A. , Weller J. , Nandra K. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Computing reliable photometric redshifts (photo-z) for active galactic nuclei (AGN) is a challenging task, primarily due to the complex interplay between the unresolved relative emissions associated with the supermassive black hole and its host galaxy. Spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting methods, while effective for galaxies and AGN in pencil-beam surveys, face limitations in wide or all-sky surveys with fewer bands available, lacking the ability to accurately capture the AGN contribution to the SED, hindering reliable redshift estimation. This limitation is affecting the many tens of millions of AGN detected in existing datasets, such as those AGN clearly singled out and identified by SRG/eROSITA.
Aims. Our goal is to enhance photometric redshift performance for AGN in all-sky surveys while simultaneously simplifying the approach by avoiding the need to merge multiple data sets. Instead, we employ readily available data products from the 10th Data Release of the Imaging Legacy Survey for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, which covers >20 000 deg2 of extragalactic sky with deep imaging and catalog-based photometry in the ɡriɀW1-W4 bands. We fully utilize the spatial flux distribution in the vicinity of each source to produce reliable photo-z.
Methods. We introduce PICZL, a machine-learning algorithm leveraging an ensemble of convolutional neural networks. Utilizing a cross-channel approach, the algorithm integrates distinct SED features from images with those obtained from catalog-level data. Full probability distributions are achieved via the integration of Gaussian mixture models.
Results. On a validation sample of 8098 AGN, PICZL achieves an accuracy σNMAD of 4.5% with an outlier fraction η of 5.6%. These results significantly outperform previous attempts to compute accurate photo-z for AGN using machine learning. We highlight that the model’s performance depends on many variables, predominantly the depth of the data and associated photometric error. A thorough evaluation of these dependencies is presented in the paper.
Conclusions. Our streamlined methodology maintains consistent performance across the entire survey area, when accounting for differing data quality. The same approach can be adopted for future deep photometric surveys such as LSST and Euclid, showcasing its potential for wide-scale realization. With this paper, we release updated photo-z (including errors) for the XMM-SERVS W-CDF-S, ELAIS-S1 and LSS fields.
Multidirektionale Korrekturosteotomie der Tuberositas tibiae
Authors: Balcarek Peter , Staicu Alina-Laura 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel beschreibt die Technik einer mehrdimensionalen, V-förmigen und
selbstzentrierenden Osteotomie der Tuberositas tibiae mit kortikaler Knochenblockabstützung,
die eine kombinierte Distoanteromedialisierung der Tuberositas ermöglicht.
Effect of Facial Fillers on Post-rhinoplasty edema: A Hypothesis Based on Literature Review
Authors: Maamari Salwa Al , Vansteelant Géraldine , Appan Shirrushtii , D'Souza Alwyn R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe quest to achieve younger and media-driven facial aesthetics has resulted in an exponential increase in the use of facial fillers. Inevitably, this has meant that it is now commonplace for facial plastic surgeons to have patients with fillers in the face. In the senior author's experience (A.R.D.), it was observed that patients with facial fillers experienced persistent edema post-rhinoplasty. It was, therefore, hypothesized that this prolonged edema may be related to fillers affecting the lymphatic drainage impacting postoperative edema following facial surgery.This article aims to gather evidence from wider literature to support the hypothesis that fillers do indeed compromise lymphatic drainage. A narrative literature review was performed using selective articles on fillers and post-rhinoplasty edema. A methodological analysis was then followed to develop a standard theory characterized through the discussion.It is theorized that due to their hydrophilic characteristics, hardness, volume, and backflow phenomena, hyaluronic acid fillers can lead to prolonged edema. In addition, they can either directly block or indirectly exert pressure on the lymphatic pathways and hinder drainage.The research findings support the hypothesis that facial fillers impact postoperative facial edema. Further research is required to objectively measure the effect of fillers on facial lymphatic drainage.The level of evidence is IV.
Management of the Expected Difficult Airway with Planned One-Lung Ventilation: A Retrospective Analysis of 44 Cases
Authors: Irouschek Andrea , Schmidt Joachim , Ackermann Andreas , Moritz Andreas , Trufa Denis I. , Sirbu Horia , Golditz Tobias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Difficult airway management is essential in anesthesia practice. Particular challenges are posed to patients who require intraoperative one-lung ventilation. Specific guidelines for these scenarios have been lacking. The recent update of German guidelines incorporates recommendations for securing the airway in anticipated difficult airway scenarios in patients requiring one-lung ventilation. However, scientific data on this specific topic is rare.
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult patients undergoing thoracic surgery with one-lung ventilation from 2016 to 2021. During these years, the standard of practice has been in line with the now published guidelines. Patients with anticipated difficult airways were identified, and airway management strategies were analyzed.
Results Among 3,197 anesthetic procedures, 44 cases involved anticipated difficult airways, primarily due to prior head and neck tumor treatment. Nasal bronchoscopic awake intubation followed by oral reintubation under videolaryngoscopic inspection and the use of bronchial blockers was the standard procedure. No severe complications were recorded, and one-lung ventilation was maintained successfully in all cases.
Discussion The study highlights the challenges of managing difficult airways during thoracic surgery. Recommendations align with recent guidelines, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches. The use of single-lumen tubes with bronchial blockers appears favorable over double-lumen tubes, offering comparable ventilation quality with reduced risks.
Conclusion Despite limitations, the study underscores the safety and efficacy of tailored airway management strategies during one-lung ventilation in patients with anticipated difficult airways. The presented approach offers patient safety and practicability. Further multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings and refine clinical approaches.