bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of mitochondria in the myocardium of senescent Meriones unguiculates
Authors: Potapenko Y. , Dyomshina O. , Ushakova G. 
Published: February 2018

According to the mitochondrial theory of aging, changes in the functional state of mitochondria, which lead to excessive formation of active forms of oxygen, are the main factor in the development of age changes in organs and tissues of the whole organism. The assessment of the mitochondria state of the heart of senescent gerbils (Mongolian Gerbilia, Meriones unguiculates Milne-Edwards, 1867). It is proved that the aging of the heart is preceded by the appearance of dysfunction in mitochondria. The disturbance of metabolic processes in the myocardium of gerbils over the age of two years was established, which was accompanied by activation of oxidative stress by increasing the concentration of TBK-active compounds. An increase in the concentration of cytochrome C in cytosol has been shown due to the destructive effects of oxidized products on the outer membrane of mitochondria and enhancement of its permeability. The violation of bioenergetic processes, increase of the anaerobic respiration and the accumulation of lactate and unoxidative metabolites, which increases oxidative stress and cell damage, are determined. We established that for gerbils the critical age for senescence is 24 months. Major metabolic changes in the heart occur mostly at this age. This is marked by activation of prooxidants formation, proteolytic processes (decrease in total protein concentration) and inhibition of aminotransferase activity in cytosol. The switching of metabolic processes in the mitochondria of the heart with the participation of aminotransferases has been registered: increased activity of the mitochondrial isoenzyme alanine aminotransferase and reciprocal reduction of aspartate aminotransferase. After two years of age in the experimental gerbils the intensification of adaptive processes was established: activation of catalase, γ-glutamyltransferase, relative restoration of the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, thus maintaining the processes of the vital activity of the whole organism, but at a new metabolic level. With age, irreversible damage to cardiomyocytes occurs, which gradually lose the ability to convert lactate, resulting in its increase, and the processes of its utilization are inhibited. The results confirm the key role of mitochondria in the process of aging of the myocardium. However, when gerbils reach the 36 months of age the metabolic disturbances in the myocardium reach their peak, resulting in large-scale cell damage.
Characteristics of antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy farms in Ukraine
Authors: Berhilevych O. М. , Kasianchuk V. V. , Kukhtyn M. D. , Lotskin I. М. , Garkavenko T. O. , Shubin P. A. 
Published: February 2018

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important microorganism in the process of raw milk production and has significance for people’s health as it causes dangerous microbial contamination of dairy production. Furthermore, raw milk and the environment of livestock farms may be potential vehicles for distribution of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus. The aim of the present study was to establish antibiotic sensitivity profiles of S. aureus depending on its origin from dairy farms, with a special focus on methicillin-resistant isolates. A total of 165 samples were collected for investigation in the period 2014–2016 from 5 dairy farms in Ukraine. All samples were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus using the Baird Parker Agar with Egg Yolk Tellurite Emulsion. Typical staphylococcal colonies were examined morphologically and for presence of coagulase and hemolysin activities. From these, positive samples for S. aureus were 62 (37.6%): 4 (6.5%) raw milk, 17 (77.4%) swabs of udder skin, 18 (29.0%) milk from cows with subclinical mastitis and 21 (33.9%) environmental samples. The standard disk diffusion method was used to determine sensitivity of S. aureus isolates to 10 antibiotics. The antimicrobial sensitivity profiles of S. aureus isolates showed differences between them, which depends on the origin of the isolates. Our results demonstrated that most of S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin, oxacillin and vancomycin. Of the 62 S.aureus isolates, 20 (32.3%) and 5 (8.1%) were found to be multiresistant to 3 different antibiotics, 6 (9.8%) isolates to 4 antibiotics, 12 (19.4%) and 3 (4.8%) to 5 antibiotics (P10, OX1, VA5, L10, TE30 and P10, OX1, VA5, CIP10, TE30 respectively). All isolates resistant to penicillin and oxacillin were typed by mec A gene in PCR with two primers (MecA147-F and MecA147-R). The results show that 66.7% of these isolates yielded a mecA product. The information obtained from this study is useful for understanding the prevalence of S. aureus and its antibiotic sensitivity in dairy farms and can be useful for local and national monitoring or for designing specific control programs of methicillin- and multiresistance isolates present in the food chain of milk production.
A RARE CAUSE CHEST PAIN IN CHILDREN: SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM
Authors: Yazar Abdullah , Türe Esra , Akın Fatih , Pekcan Sevgi , Odabaş Dursun 
Published: February 2018

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (Hamman's
syndrome) is a rare, self-limiting disorder commonly seen in young adult males.
It occurs by the flow of air towards to the hilum and mediastinum due to increaced
intrathoracic pressure secondary to alveolar rupture. The cases usually present
with the complaints of chest pain, neck pain, back pain, dysphonia, dysphagia
and coughing. In this article, we present a case of spontaneous
pneumomediastinum (SPM), who admitted to the pediatric emergency clinic with the
complaint of chest pain. SPM should be
kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of chest pain.
Colour of baked products during baking
Authors: Novotná P. , Landfeld A. 
Published: February 2018

The parameters of the colour of the surface of bakery products – brightness L*, a* for red and b* for yellow colour – were measured at different temperature regimes. The parameters were found to change during the time of baking. There is a considerable decrease in brightness L* and an increase in parameters a* and b* under the regime of temperature decrease between 6th and 10th minute of baking. The products baked at the 9th and 10th temperature grade were darker in general, brightness L* was lower for the 10th temperature grade and parameter a* was higher from the 8th minute of baking for the 9th temperature grade.
A new method for rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food
Authors: Zdeňková K. , Demnerová K. , Jeníková G. , Pazlarová J. 
Published: February 2018

Listeria monocytogenes represents serious danger for human health. Thus detection of this pathogen in food, which represents its main means of entry into the organism, is a topic of special importance. The original classic methods for the determination of Listeria monocytogenes are in general laborious and time-consuming procedures. In order to address this issue we developed a new rapid method for specific detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food samples. The method consists of three steps: i) enrichment of food microflora (16 h), ii) selective isolation of Listeria sp. exploiting immunomagnetic separation (2–3 h) followed by iii) precise identification of Listeria sp. and Listeria monocytogenes using duplex PCR. PCR primers specific to part of 16S rRNA were used in order to identify the members of Listeria genus. The specific identification of Listeria monocytogenes was accomplished exploiting a pair of primers specific to gene encoding invasion-associated protein – iap (4–5 h). Amplification products, 1003 bp and 593 bp respectively, were separated by electrophoresis and visualized by UV detection. The optimized IMS-PCR method was used to test the presence of Listeria sp. and Listeria monocytogenes in food samples (ground meat, low-fat milk and cheese [olomoucké tvarůžky]). A comparison of the efficiency of the bacteria enrichment step by IMS and centrifugation was also performed. The analysis time including enrichment is less than 24 h. The detection limit for Listeria monocytogenes was found between 101–102 cfu per 25 g of food sample.
Influence of the specific growth rate on formation of sterols in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during fed-batch cultivation
Authors: Čermák J. , Rychtera M. , Nechvíle P. , Náhlík J. , Melzoch K. , Šindelář J. , Vovsík J. , Votruba J. 
Published: February 2018

Ergosterol is a major sterol in yeast cells. Intermediates of ergosterol biosynthesis or products of ergosterol biotransformation occur in cells too. Sterols mainly form components of cell membranes. Fluidity of membranes is affected by sterols. The amount of sterols in cells can be influenced above all by cultivation conditions and by the yeast genotype. Specific growth rate is an important factor which affects the amount of sterols present in yeast cells. We carried out a series of 24-hour cultivations to find out the impact of specific growth rate on sterol biosynthesis. Inflow of synthetic medium to the bioreactor was controlled by means of a profile of carbon dioxide concentration in the outlet gases. This profile was acquired by simulation according to a mathematical model of cultivation. Profile of carbon dioxide concentration corresponded to a precalculated profile of specific growth rate. Cultivation was divided into two phases with different growth rate values. A constant value of the specific growth rate was maintained in the 1st phase. The specific growth rate value decreased by controlling the inflow in the 2nd phase (beginning at 12th hour of cultivation). Other cultivations were carried out using so-called physiological control which consisted in determining the immediate physiological state (e.g., RQ) and the choice of control strategy according to the metabolic state. Selected control strategy ensures an immediate action (inflow of the medium). If the specific growth rate decreased in the 1st phase, the amount of total sterols in yeast dry biomass increased (to 2.7% in yeast dry biomass). But the purity of ergosterol decreased (amount of sterol contaminants increased up to 23.3% in the sterol fraction). If a constant value of respiratory quotient was maintained (at about 1.1), the amount of total sterols in yeast dry biomass and the purity of ergosterol were constant. If the value of respiratory quotient was changed in the growth and final phase of cultivation, the amount of total sterols in yeast dry biomass increased (to 2.83% in yeast dry biomass). However, the purity of ergosterol decreased (amount of sterol contaminants increased up to 21.2% in sterol fraction).
Wheat leaf rust races/pathotypes in the Czech Republic in 1999–2000
Authors: Bartoš P. , Hanzalová A. , Stuchlíková E. 
Published: February 2018

In 1999–2000 virulence of the wheat leaf rust population was studied on Thatcher near isogenic lines (NILs) with Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr10 (only in 2000), Lr11, Lr15, Lr17, Lr19, Lr21, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr28. On these NILs 11 pathotypes were determined in 1999, and 18 in 2000. All rust samples were avirulent on Lr9, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr28. There was a relatively low frequency of virulence on Lr1, Lr2a and Lr2b. Most rust samples were virulent on Lr2c, Lr11, Lr15, Lr17, Lr21, Lr23 and Lr26. The identified pathotypes conformed with races 61SaBa, 77SaBa, 2SaBa, 12SaBa, 57SaBa, 6SaBa, 28SaBa, 61and 6. Races 61SaBa, 2SaBa and 77SaBa prevailed in 1999, races 61SaBa and 12SaBa were prevalent in 2000. Race 28SaBa was found for the first time. Data of the reactions to 15 leaf rust isolates of the recently registered winter wheat cultivars Niagara, Vlasta, Sulamit, Record, Ludwig, Apache, Semper, Drifter, Complet, Corsaire, Sepstra and Rialto are presented.
Impact of Non-Performing Loans on Bank’s Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Commercial Banks in Tanzania
Authors: Stephen Kingu Peter , Macha Dr Salvio , Gwahula Dr Raphael 
Published: February 2018

This study examined the impact of Non-performing loans on bank’s profitability using information asymmetry theory and bad management hypothesis. This study adopted causality research design using panel data (2007 to 2015) of 16 commercial banks in Tanzania. The study employed Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis estimation methods. Likewise, Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) regression technique was also used, and then Fixed Effects (FE) and Random Effects (RE) assumptions were considered.
The study found that occurrence of non-performing loans is negatively associated with the level of profitability in commercial banks in Tanzania. The results extend further the information asymmetry theory and bad management hypothesis. The findings of the study have both theoretical and managerial implications for practitioners and policy-makers
Correlation Between Cytologic Results and Thyroid Autoantibodies, Calcitonin, and Thyroid Function Tests in Patients with Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Karakaya Pinar , Ozdemir Bahar , Yaprak Bulent , Mert Meral 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is currently a widely accepted screening procedure in diagnosis of thyroid nodules, there has been confusion related to diagnostic terminology in the assessment of samples. This confusion has been caused by multiple category names, descriptive reports without assigning to a category, and different terminologies used for surgical pathology. We aimed to evaluate correlations between US characteristics, cytologic results of FNAB, and thyroid antibodies, calcitonin, and thyroid function tests in patients presented with thyroid nodules, and to contribute in diagnosis, treatment, and patient follow-up.
Methods: A total of 1639 patients with thyroid nodules who applied to outpatient clinic of endocrinology between dates April and May 2017, had FNAB under US guideline, and their pathologic evaluation was performed according to Bethesda classification. Serological and hormonal tests were also performed for each patient.
Results: The mean age of study group was 50 (range interval= 14-90) years. The median of node-diameter1 was 17.5 (range=1-51) mm, and median of node-diameter2 was 12 (range=8-33) mm. Of US characteristics, echogenicity, microcalcification, irregular borders, and solitary nodules were determined in 4.4%, 54%, 71.2%, and 86.6% of cohort respectively. Elevated anti-TPO was determined in 64.6%. Cytologic readings were reported as 15.8% nondiagnostic, 53.8% atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance, 28.8% benign, 0.4% suspicious for follicular nodule, and 1.2% malign.
Conclusion: Measurement of thyroid autoantiboides, calcitonin, and thyroid function tests have good correlations with Bethesda classification in patients with thyroid nodules.
Yeni Medya Sanatı ve Fotoğraf
Authors: Özel Sağlamtimur Zuhal 
Published: February 2018

Bir iletişim ve sanat aracı olarak yeni medya içerisinde yer alan fotoğraf, bilgisayar,
internet, cep telefonu, Ipad vb. yeni medya teknolojileri ile yaratılan, genellikle interaktif
kullanıcı geribildirimi ve yaratıcı katılımı içeren çalışmaları ifade etmektedir. Bu bağlamda
yeni medyanın gelişimi ile birlikte, sanatçıların/fotoğraf sanatçılarının çalışmalarında
teknik ve içeriksel farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. 2000’lerden günümüze dek olan gelişimin
irdelendiği bu makalede, yeni medya sanatı ve fotoğrafçılığın karakteristikleri ve
kategorizasyonu ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda yeni medyada yer alan fotoğrafların
kavramsal ve kuramsal olarak nasıl anlamlandırılabildiği incelenmektedir.&nbsp;
Individual and contextual factors related to binge drinking among adolescents in Spain: a multilevel approach
Authors: Teixidó-Compañó Ester , Sordo Luis , Bosque-Prous Marina , Puigcorbé Susanna , Barrio Gregorio , Brugal M. Teresa , Belza María José J. , Espelt Albert 
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of binge drinking by regions in Spain and assess the effect of individual and contextual factors related to this drinking pattern in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was performed with data from the 2014 Spanish School Survey on Drug Use (ESTUDES) in students aged 14-18 years (N = 34,259). The outcome was binge drinking in adolescents during the last 30 days. Individual independent variables were socioeconomic variables and variables related to access to alcohol and its availability. Contextual variables consisted of adult alcohol consumption, public policies on alcohol, and socioeconomic factors. Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust variance were estimated, obtaining prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals. The results showed that the prevalence of youth binge drinking by region of residence was similar for both sexes (r = 0.72). At the individual level, binge drinking was mainly associated with the perception of easy access to alcohol (PR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.23-1.55), consumption in open areas [(PR: 3.82; 95% CI: 3.44-4.24) < once a month and (PR: 6.57; 95% CI: 5.85-7.37) ≥ once a month], at least one parent allowing alcohol consumption (PR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.37-1.47), and receiving >30 euros weekly (PR :1.51; 95% CI: 1.37-1.67). Contextual variables were not associated with youth binge drinking when individual variables were considered. In conclusion, youth binge drinking was associated with individual variables related to high alcohol accessibility and availability, regardless of contextual variables. These variables explained the variability in binge drinking among Spanish regions.
A Semianalytical Model for Horizontal-Well Productivity With Pressure Drop Along the Wellbore
Authors: Luo Wanjing , Tang Changfu , Feng Yin 
Published: February 2018

Summary
This study aims to develop a semianalytical model to calculate the productivity index (PI) of a horizontal well with pressure drop along the wellbore. It has been indicated that by introducing novel definitions of horizontal-well permeability and conductivity, the equation of fluid flow along a horizontal well with pressure drop has the same form as the one for fluid flow in a varying-conductivity fracture. Thus, the varying-conductivity-fracture model and PI model can be used to obtain the PI of a horizontal well. Results indicate that the PI of a horizontal well depends on the interaction between horizontal-well conductivity, penetration ratio, and Reynolds number. New type curves of the penetration ratios with various combinations of parameters have been presented. A complete-penetration zone and a partial-penetration zone can be identified on the type curves. Based on the type curves, two examples have also been presented to illustrate the advantages of this work in optimizing parameters of horizontal wells.
Cisto aracnoide: relato de caso
Authors: Costa Thalles Ferreira , Faria Laís Figueiredo , Simonato Luciana Estevam , Paiva Gabriel Pina 
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho tem o propósito de descrever um relato de caso clínico onde foram utilizados os seguintes exames de imagem: tomografia computadorizada do crânio e ressonância magnética do crânio, para detecção de um cisto aracnóide localizado na topografia da cisterna magna à esquerda. A solicitação para os exames ocorreu devido a sintomas secundários apresentados pelo paciente, porém, foi encontrada tal formação ovalada e assim, foi realizada pesquisa com mais objetivo e atenção. O relato do caso tem como intuito facilitar o diagnóstico da situação clínica, além de discernir quando é necessário o tratamento, visto que a descrição do caso clínico somado aos registros fotográficos podem fornecer referências das características satisfatórias atingidas, além do prognóstico. Por meio deste caso busca-se familiarizar a comunidade médica com os possíveis achados de cisto aracnoide em pacientes com sintomas previamente caracterizados como de pouca importância.Descritores: Cistos Aracnoideos; Diagnóstico; Diagnóstico por Imagem.
Developing an integrated framework to build a decision support tool for urban water management
Authors: Goharian Erfan , Burian Steven J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper presents an integrated, computer-based generic framework to couple urban water related models into a decision support tool (DST) for urban-water management. The DST, built on a participatory modelling approach, enables stakeholders to analyze impacts of climate variation, population growth, and alternative management solutions ranging from centralized to distributed options. The coupling of external models, building of the DST, and execution of simulation processes is achieved by employing GoldSim, which is linked to a database management tool and a shared library. A post-processing package generates outcomes for decision makers in the form of a new criterion, the Water System Performance Index (WSPI). The application of DST is demonstrated for the water service area of the Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities (SLCDPU). Results show that a decentralized alternative increases the reliability of the system without changing the system's vulnerability. Centralized alternative improves the overall performance of the system based on WSPI results, but decrease in performance is still noticeable under the hot and dry climate condition. Overall, the system is very sensitive to changes in climatic conditions. Results show that during droughts, supply management is not the sole solution and compulsory demand-management practices should be instigated.
Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification using pure-culture bacteria for wastewater treatment
Authors: Khanichaidecha W. , Nakaruk A. , Ratananikom K. , Eamrat R. , Kazama F. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Due to the high water demand and unsustainable water resource, wastewater reclamation and wastewater treatment prior to discharge have become current important issues. Various treatment technologies, such as biological processes, have been improved as alternatives. In this study, the biological nitrogen removal system using pure-culture Bacillus licheniformis was developed and used as an internal treatment unit in an aquarium to improve the effluent quality for water reuse. The efficiencies for NH4-N and total nitrogen (TN) removal and the quality of treated water verified the occurrence of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification; the nitrification rate was 0.84 mg/L-h and the denitrification rate was 0.62 mg/L-h. The maximal NH4-N and TN removal efficiencies were approximately 73% at the influent NH4-N of 30 mg/L. However, the other competitive heterotroph of Pseudomonas sp. was observed, which resulted in dramatically decreasing efficiencies and an enlarged ratio of carbon consumption and nitrogen removal. Although the overall performance of the B. licheniformis system was lower than the system using mixed-culture nitrifying and heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms, the advantages of the B. licheniformis system were ease of operation and the fact that it is a land-limited treatment system. The research is ongoing to enhance performance and maintain excellent efficiency in a long-term operation.