bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When is optimistic Expectation Most Beneficial? Optimistic expectations, conscientiousness and academic performance in a sample of freshman students
Authors: Icekson Tamar , Slobodin Ortal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that a significant proportion of first-year students tend to maintain favorable self-assessments regarding future performance, displaying a pronounced optimism. This longitudinal study examined how expectations of future performance among freshman students are associated with their actual end-of-degree achievements. Based on the investment theory, we also examined the moderating role of the personality trait of conscientiousness in this relationship. Expectations of future performance at the end-of-first year and conscientiousness levels of 115 freshman students were assessed as predictors of their average academic score at the end-of-the degree. Multiple hierarchical regressions demonstrated that after controlling for high school scores, students who expected better end-of-first-year grades achieved actual better scores at graduation than those who provided lower estimates of their achievements. Results also showed that conscientiousness moderated the expectation-performance relationship, so that it was stronger for students with higher expectations than for students with lower ones. Higher levels of conscientiousness were more beneficial for optimistic students than students with pessimistic views of their performance.
Poincaré-Lelong Type Formulas and Segre Numbers
Authors: Andersson Mats 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Let E and F be Hermitian vector bundles over a complex manifold X and let

$$g:E\rightarrow F$$

g
:
E
→
F

be a holomorphic morphism. We prove a Poincaré-Lelong type formula with a residue term

$$M^g$$

M
g

. The currents

$$M^g$$

M
g

so obtained have an expected functorial property. We discuss various applications: If F has a trivial holomorphic subbundle of rank r outside the analytic set Z, then we get currents with support on Z that represent the Bott-Chern classes

$${\hat{c}}_k(E)$$

c
^

k

(
E
)

for

$$k >\mathrm{rank \,}E-r$$

k
>

rank

E
-
r

. We also consider Segre and Chern forms associated with certain singular metrics on E. The multiplicities (Lelong numbers) of the various components of

$$M^g$$

M
g

only depend on the cokernel of the adjoint sheaf morphism

$$g^*$$

g
∗

. This leads to a notion of distinguished varieties and Segre numbers of an arbitrary coherent sheaf, generalizing these notions, in particular the Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity, in case of an ideal sheaf.
Synthesis of Brilliance Disperse Dyes Derived from Antipyrine and Their Dyeing Ability on Polyester Fabrics for Enhanced Fastness and Color Strength
Authors: Omar Alaa Z. , Mohamed Ahmed S. , Hamed Ezzat A. , El-Badry Susan M. , El-Atawy Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA series of five azo dyes derived from the diazonium salt of 4-aminoantipyrine and α- and β-naphthols and naphthalenediol were synthesized, and their chemical structures were identified by spectral measurements such as UV, FT-IR, and NMR, as well as elemental analysis. The chemical descriptor parameters of the synthesized dyes were computed using the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The dyes were classified as disperse dyes and were used to dye polyester fibers at high temperature and pH 4.0–5.0, utilizing acetic acid, while dispersing agents were added to enhance the stability and dispersion of the dyes. The color fastness properties of the dyed fibers were tested, and their color strength, reflectance, and dye exhaustion were measured. Finally, a plausible mechanism for the dyeing process was suggested.
Wie erkennt der innere Monatskalender von Tieren die richtige Mondphase?
Authors: Behrmann Elmar , Wolf Eva 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMany marine animals time their reproduction according to moon phases. The marine bristle worm Platynereis dumerilii has a light-sensitive cryptochrome, L-Cry, that enables the bristle worm to synchronize its reproduction to the full moon phase. We found that L-Cry can discriminate between moonlight and sunlight and between moon phases. Additionally, structures of dark-adapted and light-activated L-Cry provided insights into its light activation mechanism.
Enzymrenaturierung durch sensorüberwachte Dialyse am Beispiel von Trypsin
Authors: Kurtze Ina , Berk Richard , Jörg Loreen Sophie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProtein renaturation as a necessary step in protein purification often comes with multiple drawbacks. Dialysis as an established and reproducible method of sample preparation has been optimized by scienova. We demonstrate a quick and effortless procedure to renaturate proteins while also maintaining control and knowledge about the dialysis process through data acquisition.
Einfluss nicht-codierender RNA-Interaktionen auf die Coronavirus-Infektion
Authors: Russow Jule Alina , Mahncke Cedric , Pfänder Stephanie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCoronaviruses have been shown to pose a significant risk for the human population. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), in particular, microRNA and long ncRNAs, have been increasingly recognized to be involved in multiple regulatory and cellular processes, including virus-host interactions. The aim of our DFG – Emmy Noether Projekt is to identify and elucidate the role of ncRNAs during coronavirus replication and immune control to provide novel opportunities to tackle critical interactions between viruses and the human host to enable the identification of targets for pharmaceutical intervention.
Desorption of Antibiotics from Granular Activated Carbon during Water Treatment by Adsorption
Authors: Rasouli Sadabad Hamed , Coleman Heather M. , Dooley James S. G. , Snelling William J. , O’Hagan Barry , Ganin Alexey Y. , Arnscheidt Joerg 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough desorption of adsorbed pharmaceuticals from granular activated carbon (GAC) may inadvertently lead to their partial discharge with adverse effects on aquatic environments, there have only been a few reports of this phenomenon. This study has investigated desorption of antibiotics vancomycin and rifampicin from activated carbon in aqueous media regarding contact time and pH regime. Various characterizations of the three types of GAC were investigated. Then, antibiotics were loaded on them via adsorption. Subsequently desorption and re-adsorption of antibiotics were quantified for a range of contact times and ambient pH values. Within the first hour of a reversed concentration gradient at neutral pH, desorption released 2% to 54% of previously adsorbed antibiotics to water, which were subsequently re-adsorbed within 24 hours to four weeks with less than 1% antibiotics remaining in the liquid phase. Lower desorption was positively associated with higher GAC mesopore content and larger specific surface area. Effects of the ambient pH regime varied between studied adsorbents. The results are evidence that mesopore content and pore size in relation to the kinetic diameter of adsorbate molecules are important determinants of the extent of antibiotic desorption from GAC and the rates of subsequent re-adsorption. Physisorption was the dominant mechanism involved in both processes. Observed proportions and rates of antibiotic desorption suggest that selection of GAC properties should also consider their effects on unintended desorption and the re-adsorption during treatment processes in order to minimize potential pollution discharge or promotion of antibiotic resistance during treatment processes.
Exploring the impact of locking down citizen’s voice on citizen participation in local government budgeting during COVID-19 public restrictions in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chikerema Arthur Fidelis , Chakunda Vincent , Mukunyadze Tinashe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic presented unmatched challenges for citizen participation worldwide in local government budgeting processes. Zimbabwe in particular was grappling with the pandemic’s effects and pre-existing governance issues. The pandemic ignited the central government to put COVID-19 public restrictions militating on citizen engagement in the budgeting process. The implemented measures were aimed at curbing the spread of the virus. While these measures were necessary for public health, they unintentionally constrained citizens’ ability to be unreservedly involved in local government decision-making. The paper employed a qualitative case study research design, employing interviews, Google Forms, and document analysis, to gather data exploring the experiences and perspectives of citizens, civil society organizations, and local government officials regarding the repercussions of constrained citizen participation in local government budgeting during the pandemic. The argument was hinged on the participatory theory based on two broad views: the normative and the instrumentalist perspectives. The paper notes that COVID-19 restrictions severely constrained citizen participation, limiting public input, deliberation, and accountability opportunities. The inability to convene public meetings, consultations, and workshops weakened the citizen-government engagement process, hindering transparency and the ability of citizens to influence resource allocation and stewardship. Furthermore, the restricted participation by marginalized communities exacerbates existing inequalities due to the technological divide hindering their ability to voice their concerns and interests in the budgeting processes. The paper calls for the exigent need for inventive methodologies to guarantee comprehensive and evocative citizen participation, by leveraging digital technologies and promoting alternative channels for engagement to augment citizen participation in local government budgeting.
Understanding Figures in Neuroscience Research
Authors: Lim Austin 
Published: November 2024

This innovative text introduces neuroscience students to the visual language of scientific publications, teaching scientific literacy, research methods, and graphical literacy in an engaging way. Employing a 'pictures first' pedagogical approach, it walks the reader step-by-step through the interpretation of neuroscience figures and explains the principles of experimental design. The major research techniques – from neuroimaging, to behavioral methods, to genetics and comparative approaches – are explored, illuminating how they are represented graphically in journal articles, and their strengths and limitations as a research tool. More than 130 example figures provide experimental paradigms for the more difficult-to-visualize methods, and depict actual results taken from the recently published scientific literature. Data from several study designs are discussed, including clinical case studies, meta-analyses, and experiments from behavior to molecular genetics. Concrete examples of experiments are provided along with each method, helping students with the design of their own research questions.
The rationality wars: a personal reflection
Authors: Gigerenzer Gerd 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
During the Cold War, logical rationality – consistency axioms, subjective expected utility maximization, Bayesian probability updating – became the bedrock of economics and other social sciences. In the 1970s, logical rationality underwent attack by the heuristics-and-biases program, which interpreted the theory as a universal norm of how individuals should make decisions, although such an interpretation is absent in von Neumann and Morgenstern’s foundational work and dismissed by Savage. Deviations in people’s judgments from the theory were thought to reveal stable cognitive biases, which were in turn thought to underlie social problems, justifying governmental paternalism. In the 1990s, the ecological rationality program entered the field, based on the work of Simon. It moves beyond the narrow bounds of logical rationality and analyzes how individuals and institutions make decisions under uncertainty and intractability. This broader view has shown that many supposed cognitive biases are marks of intelligence rather than irrationality, and that heuristics are indispensable guides in a world of uncertainty. The passionate debate between the three research programs became known as the rationality wars. I provide a brief account from the ‘frontline’ and show how the parties understood in strikingly different ways what the war entailed.
Mechanical properties of pristine smectite clay minerals and clay–polymer hybrids studied by density functional theory
Authors: Bashir Sanam , Tunega Daniel , Scholtzová Eva 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recent years have seen significant interest in the mechanical properties of clay–polymer hybrids due to their suitability for possible application as sustainable materials in green chemistry. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanical properties of clay–polymer hybrids and their corresponding pristine smectite clay minerals. The density functional theory (DFT) method, employing the D3 scheme for corrections of dispersion interactions, was used to calculate elastic constants (Cij) of models of pristine smectites, particularly montmorillonite, beidellite, saponite, and hectorite, and their hybrids built on the polymer poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline), PMeOx. Following that, the elastic moduli, encompassing the bulk modulus (KVRH), shear modulus (GVRH), Young’s modulus (EVRH), and Poisson’s ratio (ν), were calculated. The results revealed a reduction in elastic constants and elastic moduli following the intercalation of smectite clay minerals with the PMeOx polymer. The findings highlighted a distinctive ranking of mechanical properties among pristine smectite clay minerals and clay–polymer hybrids, with hectorite and its hybrid (Htr-PMeOx) demonstrating better performance compared with saponite, montmorillonite, and beidellite and their respective hybrids.
Labour Standards in International Trade Agreements: A Rule of Law Perspective
Authors: Damjanovic Ivana , de Sadeleer Nicolas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTrade and sustainable development (TSD) chapters in international trade agreements include labour provisions with a view to prevent a “race to the bottom” and reaffirm the existing international labour commitments. When properly formulated and implemented, these provisions could have positive normative impacts on the international and domestic rule of law. This article provides a critical analysis of the evolution of labour standards in international trade agreements, particularly focusing on the European Union’s (EU) approach, in comparison with the approach in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). More specifically, it considers ways in which trade agreements contribute to the improvement of labour standards in domestic legal systems. While EU trade agreements embrace minimum standards under international labour law rather than higher standards that apply in the EU legal order, the article argues that there is at least a normative shift towards a more efficient implementation of labour rights through EU agreements, which could make a limited contribution to the rule of law.
Individual differences in overconfidence: A new measurement approach
Authors: Binnendyk Jabin , Pennycook Gordon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Overconfidence plays a role in a large number of individual decision biases and has been considered a ‘meta-bias’ for this reason. However, since overconfidence is measured behaviorally with respect to particular tasks (in which performance varies across individuals), it is unclear whether people generally vary in terms of their general overconfidence. We investigated this issue using a novel measure: the Generalized Overconfidence Task (GOT). The GOT is a difficult perception test that asks participants to identify objects in fuzzy (‘adversarial’) images. Critically, participants’ estimated performance on the task is not related to their actual performance. Instead, variation in estimated performance, we argue, arises from generalized overconfidence, that is, people indicating a cognitive skill for which they have no basis. In a series of studies (total N = 1,293), the GOT was more predictive when looking at a broad range of behavioral outcomes than two other overestimation tasks (cognitive and numeracy) and did not display substantial overlap with conceptually related measures (Studies 1a and 1b). In Studies 2a and 2b, the GOT showed superior reliability in a test–retest design compared to the other overconfidence measures (i.e., cognitive and numeracy measures), particularly when collecting confidence ratings after each image and an estimated performance score. Finally, the GOT is a strong predictor of a host of behavioral outcomes, including conspiracy beliefs, bullshit receptivity, overclaiming, and the ability to discern news headlines.
Forward ion acceleration by laser-driven collisionless filamentary shocks in underdense plasmas
Authors: Kordell P. , Russell B. K. , Campbell P. T. , Krushelnick K. , Maksimchuk A. , Willingale L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We have experimentally investigated the collisionless shock acceleration of ions via the interaction of a relativistic intensity (3 × 1019 W/cm2), 1.053 µm wavelength laser pulse with an underdense plasma. This plasma is formed through the use of a novel cluster jet design that allows for control of the plasma peak density and front scale length without the use of additional plasma-forming laser pulses. When the front density scale length of the target plasma is less than 60 µm, the laser pulse (1 J, 400 fs) is capable of launching an electrostatic shock wave that accelerates a proton beam. This beam is shown to have a narrow divergence angle of 0.8°, a peak flux of 14 × 106 protons/sr with an ion energy exceeding 440 keV. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate this narrow ion beam is produced by converging shocks generated via filamentation of the laser pulse in high-density (near critical) plasma.
A high-resolution palynological and geochemical study of the end-Triassic mass-extinction based on a new cored succession at Winterswijk (the Netherlands)
Authors: Bos Remco , van Zonneveld Roel-Jan , Reumer Jelle W.F. , Vis Geert-Jan , Janssen Nico , Everwijn Teun , Sluijs Appy , van de Schootbrugge Bas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Based on a new cored succession at Winterswijk, evidence is uncovered of the end-Triassic mass-extinction (ETME) event in a subsurface sedimentary succession of the Netherlands. The ETME was one of the most devastating events for the biosphere during the Phanerozoic era. Massive volcanism from the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province initiated the breakup of the supercontinent Pangea and resulted in terrestrial and marine extinction pulses, which drastically altered the course of life on Earth. The newly cored material reveals a sedimentary succession representing a shallow marine setting dominated by laminated black shale and claystone deposits. A high-resolution palynostratigraphic dataset provides evidence for a late Rhaetian vegetation assemblage that displays a stepwise decline of arborescent tree vegetation that is transiently replaced by a community of ferns and fern allies. Geochemical records link this major disturbance in palynofloral biodiversity to a pulse of volcanic activity as evidenced by a negative excursion in stable organic carbon isotopes. Shifts towards drier climate conditions, as inferred from sedimentary elemental composition, suggest continental aridification strongly influenced the terrestrial realm following volcanic pulses. Presence of reworked material suggests unstable soils that were affected by increased erosion rates, inhibiting the re-establishment of conifer tree vegetation. Comparison of our findings with other contemporaneous European Triassic-Jurassic boundary sections confirms the progression of the end-Triassic extinction, which exhibits a two-phased structure. The presence of the ETME in the subsurface of the Netherlands provides further evidence towards our understanding of terrestrial extinction with emphasis on the decline of vegetation.
A MELTING SNOWBALL—DIFFICULTIES IDENTIFYING PARTICULAR CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Gutiérrez Álvarez José Rogelio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the relationship between particular and general customary international law, grappling with academic views affirming that, ordinarily, the emergence of the former is a stage in the consolidation of the latter. It is argued that the higher standard of State consent required for the configuration of bilateral or regional custom suggests otherwise. In addition, it is also contended that a distinctive kind of opinio juris must be present for particular custom to arise: a conviction from the States concerned that their conduct is governed by particular (as opposed to general) customary law.
The privation theory of evil and the evil-God challenge
Authors: Collins John M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Can the best arguments for a privation theory of evil be parodied, with equal plausibility, as arguments for a privation theory of good? The privation theory of evil claims that evil has no positive existence, and it is but a privation of good. The privation theory of good claims the opposite. I approach this topic as one element in the so-called evil-God Challenge. Stephen Law has argued that the epistemic support for belief in an omniscient, omnipotent, and morally perfect God (theism) is on a par with the epistemic support for belief in an omniscient, omnipotent, but completely evil-God (maltheism). In fact, he concludes, the arguments for an evil God are symmetrical with, and isomorphic to, those for a good God. The privation theory of evil has often been used to defend theism against the argument from evil. Thus, part of the evil-God Challenge is to evaluate arguments for the privation theory of evil for their vulnerability to maltheist parody. I consider a broad range of arguments for the privation theory of evil, and I argue that most of them are vulnerable to parodic neutralization. Furthermore, I argue that although the thesis of the convertibility of being and goodness is often held to entail the privation theory of evil, or to be entailed by it (or to be equivalent to it), it is independent of the privation theory. I do find that David Oderberg’s recent argument for the privation theory of evil resists any easy maltheist parody, but I argue that it has a defect. I sketch an argument according to which his good-as-fulfillment account is compatible with a perfectly evil god. My tentative conclusion is that the privation theory of evil enjoys little more plausibility than does the privation theory of good.
‘Block’ing evil’s defeat
Authors: Page Ben 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There is this view propounded by some theorists which claims that some conceptions of the nature of time are incompatible with the Christian position on the defeat of evil. The aim of this article is twofold. First, to clarify exactly which thesis about time’s nature is taken to be problematic for the defeat of evil. And second, to show that scriptural support for understanding the defeat of evil as requiring that evil not be in the range of the existential quantifier, something implicitly contended by those who put forward this problem, is weak and that these passages can be read in plausible ways which are affirmable by those who endorse the ‘problematic’ thesis.