bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immuncheckpointinhibition beim metastasierten Urothelkarzinom
Authors: Bedke Jens , Todenhöfer Tilman , Stenzl Arnulf 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung des metastasierten Urothelkarzinoms (mUC) erfolgte standardmäßig durch die Applikation chemotherapiehaltiger Regime. Während in der Erstlinienbehandlung durch cisplatinbasierte Kombinationen noch relativ gute Ansprechraten und eine Verlängerung des Gesamtüberlebens erzielt werden kann, verringert sich dieses in der platinrefraktären Situation und wenn − aufgrund einer eingeschränkten Nierenfunktion oder Komorbiditäten − kein Cisplatin mehr gegeben werden kann. Die neue Substanzklasse der Immuncheckpointinhibitoren (ICI) hat die Therapie beim mUC deutlich verbessert, sowohl nach platinhaltiger Therapie als auch bei cisplatin-ungeeigneten Patienten. Aktuell sind durch die EMA Atezolizumab, Nivolumab und Pembrolizumab basierend auf Phase II- und III-Daten für die Therapie des mUC zugelassen. Zukünftige Entwicklungen fokussieren auf die Anwendung in der Erstlinie und der adjuvanten Therapie, auch in der Kombination von PD-L1-/PD-1-Antikörpern mit zusätzlichen ICI-Targets und der Kombination mit Chemotherapie. Klinischer Bedarf besteht in der Etablierung von Biomarkern in der ICI-Therapie, da die derzeitigen Ergebnisse für den PD-L1-Status heterogen sind.
Nonmonotonic spatial structure of interneuronal correlations in prefrontal microcircuits
Authors: Safavi Shervin , Dwarakanath Abhilash , Kapoor Vishal , Werner Joachim , Hatsopoulos Nicholas G. , Logothetis Nikos K. , Panagiotaropoulos Theofanis I. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
The spatial structure of correlated activity of neurons in lower-order visual areas has been shown to linearly decrease as a measure of distance. The shape of correlated variability is a defining feature of cortical microcircuits, as it constrains the computational power and diversity of a region. We show here a nonmonotonic spatial structure of functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) where distal interactions are just as strong as proximal interactions during visual engagement of functionally similar PFC neurons. Such a nonmonotonic structure of functional connectivity could have far-reaching consequences in rethinking the nature and role of prefrontal microcircuits in various cognitive states.
Los verbos adimensionales
Authors: Fábregas Antonio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe goal of this article is the analysis of the empirical properties of change of state verbs which do not specifiy lexically the dimension where change operates – such asaumentar‘increase’,reducir‘reduce’,acrecentar‘increase’ –, and also to examine the theoretical consequences that this class has for our understanding of argument structure, the distinction between light and non-light predicates and the interconnection of structural and conceptual semantics. We will show that these verbs, which we label ‘adimensional predicates’ are sharply different from prototypical change of state verbs, and we argue that their existence supports a distinction between the syntactic structure of a verb of change of state and the conceptual operation that anchors the change to a specific cognitive domain.
The Influence of Preoperative Interventions on Postoperative Surgical Wound Healing in Patients Without Risk Factors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Geers Nikki C , Zegel Maurits , Huybregts Jeroen G J , Niessen Frank B 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Poor wound healing and scar formation remain critical problems in daily surgical practice. Generally, most attention is paid to intra- and postoperative interventions to improve wound healing after surgery, while preoperative interventions remain unsatisfactorily explored.

Objectives
In this systematic review, the available literature on the beneficial effects of preoperative interventions on wound healing and scar formation have been summarized and compared.

Methods
A comprehensive and systematic search has been conducted in MEDLINE, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane, supplemented by reference and citation tracking. All preoperative interventions and all clinically relevant outcome parameters have been considered for inclusion, due to the expected limited availability of literature.

Results
A total of 13 studies were included, which were all randomized trials. No cohort studies or retrospective studies have been identified. All studies described different preoperative interventions and outcome parameters and could hence not be pooled and compared. Eight studies showed significantly better wound healing after a preoperative intervention. The individual studies have been summarized in this review.

Conclusions
This systemic review shows that preoperative interventions can be beneficial in improving wound healing and scar formation. In selected cases, wound healing was found to benefit from a higher preoperative body temperature, topical vitamin E application, and low patient stress levels.

Level of Evidence: 2
Weak Containment by Restrictions of Induced Representations
Authors: Wiersma Matthew 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A QSIN group is a locally compact group G whose group algebra $\mathrm L^{1}(G)$ admits a quasi-central bounded approximate identity. Examples of QSIN groups include every amenable group and every discrete group. It is shown that if G is a QSIN group, H is a closed subgroup of G, and $\pi \!: H\to \mathcal B(\mathcal{H})$ is a unitary representation of H, then $\pi$ is weakly contained in $\Big (\mathrm{Ind}_{H}^{G}\pi \Big )|_{H}$. This provides a powerful tool in studying the C*-algebras of QSIN groups. In particular, it is shown that if G is a QSIN group which contains a copy of $\mathbb{F}_{2}$ as a closed subgroup, then $\mathrm C^{\ast }(G)$ is not locally reflexive and $\mathrm C^{\ast }_{r}(G)$ does not admit the local lifting property. Further applications are drawn to the “(weak) extendability” of Fourier spaces $\mathrm A_{\pi }$ and Fourier–Stieltjes spaces $\mathrm B_{\pi }$.
A Physical Therapist–Administered Physical Activity Intervention After Total Knee Replacement: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Christiansen Meredith B , Thoma Louise M , Master Hiral , Schmitt Laura A , Pohlig Ryan , White Daniel K 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
The definitive treatment for knee osteoarthritis is a total knee replacement, which results in a clinically meaningful improvement in pain and physical function. However, evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) remains unchanged after total knee replacement (TKR).

Objective
The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy, fidelity, and safety of a physical therapist–administered PA intervention for people after TKR.

Design
This study will be a randomized controlled trial.

Setting
The setting is an outpatient physical therapy clinic.

Participants
The participants are 125 individuals who are over the age of 45 and are seeking outpatient physical therapy following a unilateral TKR.

Intervention
In addition to standardized physical therapy after TKR, the intervention group will receive, during physical therapy, a weekly PA intervention that includes a wearable activity tracking device, individualized step goals, and face-to-face feedback provided by a physical therapist.

Control
The control group will receive standardized physical therapy alone after TKR.

Measurements
The efficacy of the intervention will be measured as minutes per week spent in moderate to vigorous PA at enrollment, at discharge, and at 6 months and 12 months after discharge from physical therapy. The fidelity and safety of the intervention will be assessed throughout the study.

Limitations
Participants will not be masked, PA data will be collected after randomization, and the trial will be conducted at a single site.

Conclusions
The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to increase PA after TKR. A protocol for investigating the efficacy, fidelity, and safety of a physical therapist–administered PA intervention for people after TKR is presented. The findings will be used to support a large multisite clinical trial to test the effectiveness, implementation, and cost of this intervention.
How Gender Affects Experiences With Bullying in Prelicensure BSN Programs: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vingers Julie Ann 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to identify if differences existed between male and female nursing students in occurrence rates of bullying and who was perpetrating the bullying. Results of a survey of 107 nursing students found that patients, nurses, and other hospital staff bullied female nursing students significantly more than male nursing students. The findings indicate that nurse educators need to be diligent while on the clinical unit as female students are more likely to be bullied by those they are learning from in these settings.
Finding My Way
Authors: Logan Rebecca M. , Dormire Sharon 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Historically, the relationship between infant and mother in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has been the main focus of parenting research, leaving a gap in the literature regarding the paternal experience.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the lived experience of fathering an infant born at less than 28 weeks' gestation admitted to a level III NICU.

Methods:
Seven fathers of premature infants (25-27 weeks' gestation) participated in a semistructured interview about the experience of becoming a father to a premature infant at least 1 to 2 weeks after the NICU admission. Data were collected in 2015.

Findings:
The primary themes identified were looking in, persevering, holding, and finding my way. Fathers in this study described feeling like an outsider in the NICU while learning to trust strangers, protect the mother and the child, and continue to work and provide for the family. Holding for the first time is pivotal in this journey, as the moment of solidifying the connection with the child.

Implications for Practice:
The findings from this study bring awareness of the experiences of fathers during the NICU journey of having a premature infant. Nurses should encourage paternal participation and involvement, visitation, and facilitate kangaroo care opportunities early and often.

Implications for Research:
The findings from this study allow nurses to better understand the paternal experience of having a premature infant born at less than 28 weeks. However, future research should continue to investigate the paternal experience with other gestational ages as well as the influence of stress of fathers during this experience.
Fathers' Stress in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Prouhet Paula M. , Gregory Mary R. , Russell Cynthia L. , Yaeger Lauren H. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is stressful for parents. Nurses often focus on maternal well-being and fail to acknowledge the stress of fathers. Research on fathers' psychological stress is limited.

Purpose:
A systematic review of the literature was completed to examine the extent of psychological stress and types of stressors in fathers with infants admitted to the NICU.

Methods/Search Strategy:
A search of Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE was conducted to identify descriptive and observational studies reporting father-specific stress in the NICU. Studies using observational and descriptive designs, published in English, and reporting father-specific stress outcomes during a NICU admission were eligible for inclusion. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were used for quality assessment.

Results:
Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. Fathers find the NICU environment stressful and are more stressed than fathers of full-term, healthy infants. Parental role alteration, infant appearance, NICU environment, and staff communication are stressors.

Implications for Practice/Research:
By recognizing the extent and types of psychological stress in fathers, nurses can provide better support for fathers in their new role. Younger fathers and those with very low birth-weight premature infants may need additional support and resources. Future research on fathers' stress should include larger sample sizes, diverse populations, and tool development and evaluation.
Feeding Intervals in Premature Infants ≤1750 g
Authors: Binchy Áine , Moore Zena , Patton Declan 
Published: March 2018

Background:
The timely establishment of enteral feeds and a reduction in the number of feeding interruptions are key to achieving optimal nutrition in premature infants. Nutritional guidelines vary widely regarding feeding regimens and there is not a widely accepted consensus on the optimal feeding interval.

Purpose:
To critically examine the evidence to determine whether there is a relationship to feeding intervals and feeding outcomes in premature infants.

Methods:
A systematic review of the literature in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The search strategy used the terms infant premature, low birth weight, enteral feeding, feed tolerance and feed intervals.

Results:
Search results yielded 10 studies involving 1269 infants (birth weight ≤1750 g). No significant differences in feed intolerance, growth, or incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis were observed. Evidence suggests that infants fed at 2 hourly intervals reached full feeds faster than at 3 hourly intervals, had fewer days on parenteral nutrition, and fewer days in which feedings were withheld. Decrease in the volume of gastric residuals and feeding interruptions were observed in the infants fed at 3 hourly intervals than those who were continuously fed.

Implications for Practice:
Reducing the feed interval from 3 to 2 hourly increases nurse workload, yet may improve feeding outcomes by reducing the time to achieve full enteral feeding.

Implications for Research:
Studies varied greatly in the definition and management of feeding intolerance and in how outcomes were measured, analyzed, and reported. The term “intermittent” is used widely but can refer to a 2 or 3 hourly interval.
Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation
Authors: Li Zhonghai , Yang Hao , Liu Mozhen , Lu Ming , Chu Jin , Hou Shuxun , Hou Tiesheng 
Published: March 2018

Study Design.
Retrospective clinical series.

Objective.
To investigate the clinical features and the risk factors for recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH) in China.

Summary of Background Data.
rLDH is a common cause of poor outcomes after lumbar microdiscectomy surgery. Risk factors for rLDH are increasingly being investigated. However, results in these previous studies were not always consistent.

Methods.
Between June 2005 and July 2012, 321 consecutive patients with single-level LDH, who underwent surgery, were enrolled in this study. We divided the patients into the recurrent group (R group) and the nonrecurrent group (N group) and compared their clinical parameters and preoperative radiologic parameters. The relationships between the variables and rLDH were evaluated by univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results.
There was significant difference between groups in sex (P = 0.003), age (P = 0.003), current smoking (P = 0.004), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.04), occupational lifting (P < 0.001), trauma history (P = 0.04), procedures (P = 0.04), herniation type (P = 0.006), disc height index (DUI) (P = 0.04), facet orientation (FO) (P = 0.04), facet tropism (FT) (P = 0.04), and sagittal range of motion (from) (P = 0.04). By putting these differences in logistic regression analysis, it showed that being male, young age, current smoking, higher BMI, herniation type (transligamentous extrusion), surgical procedures (bilateral laminectomy or total laminectomy), heavy works, undergoing a traumatic event, a large from, a high DUI, a large FT, and a small FO significantly related with rLDH.

Conclusion.
Based on our data, sex, age, current smoking, BMI, occupational lifting, trauma, surgical procedures, herniation type, DUI, FO, FT, and from showed a significant correlation with the incidence of rLDH. Patients with these risk factors should be paid more attention for prevention of recurrence after primary surgery.

Level of Evidence: 3
Dysregulation of the Inflammatory Mediators in the Multifidus Muscle After Spontaneous Intervertebral Disc Degeneration SPARC-null Mice is Ameliorated by Physical Activity
Authors: James Gregory , Millecamps Magali , Stone Laura S. , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: March 2018

Study Design.
A longitudinal case-control animal model.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory pathways active in the multifidus muscle after spontaneous intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), and whether these IDD-related muscle changes can be ameliorated by exercise.

Summary of Background Data.
A pro-inflammatory response is present in the multifidus muscle after an intervertebral disc lesion and has been proposed to drive the structural alterations present during low back pain. However, it is not known whether spontaneous IDD produces an inflammatory response. Furthermore, exercise/physical activity produces a strong anti-inflammatory response, but its effectiveness in ameliorating inflammation in the multifidus is unknown. We assessed the inflammatory profile of the multifidus and the effectiveness of physical activity as a treatment using an animal model of spontaneous model of IDD.

Methods.
Wild-type and SPARC null mice that were sedentary or housed with a running wheel were used in this study. Multifidus muscle segments were harvested from L2-L6 from the mice at 9 months of age after they had undergone a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to determine levels with IDD. The inflammatory profile of the multifidus was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays.

Results.
Spontaneous IDD in the SPARC-null mice caused a dysregulation of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL6, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ1), and adiponectin expression. More specifically, the proximity and degree of IDD was related to levels of IL-1β expression. Physical activity reduced the pro-inflammatory response to IDD in the multifidus. IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-10, adiponectin, and leptin levels were lower in the physically active group.

Conclusion.
These results reveal that spontaneous IDD causes dysregulation of the inflammatory pathways active in the multifidus muscle. These alterations were related to the severity of IDD and were prevented by physical activity.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Dynamics of Endotoxin, Inflammatory Variables, and Organ Dysfunction After Treatment With Antibiotics in an Escherichia coli Porcine Intensive Care Sepsis Model
Authors: Skorup Paul , Maudsdotter Lisa , Tano Eva , Lipcsey Miklós , Castegren Markus , Larsson Anders , Sjölin Jan 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
To investigate the dynamics of antibiotic-induced endotoxin liberation and inflammatory response in vivo in a clinically relevant large animal intensive care sepsis model and whether the addition of an aminoglycoside to a β-lactam antibiotic affects these responses.

Design:
Prospective, placebo-controlled interventional experimental study.

Setting:
University research unit.

Subjects:
Thirty-six healthy pigs administered Escherichia coli as a 3-hour infusion.

Interventions:
After 2 hours, during E. coli infusion, the animals were exposed to cefuroxime alone, the combination of cefuroxime and tobramycin, or saline.

Measurements and Main Results:
Plasma endotoxin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, leucocytes, and organ dysfunction were recorded for 4 hours after antibiotic treatment, and differences to the values before treatment were calculated. In vitro experiments were performed to ascertain whether endotoxin is released during antibiotic-induced bacterial killing of this E. coli strain. Despite differences between the treatment arms in vitro, no differences in plasma endotoxin were observed in vivo. Antibiotic-treated animals demonstrated a higher interleukin-6 response (p < 0.001), greater leucocyte activation (p < 0.001), and more pronounced deterioration in pulmonary static compliance (p < 0.01) over time than controls. Animals treated with the combination showed a trend toward less inflammation.

Conclusions:
Treatment with antibiotics may elicit an increased inflammatory interleukin-6 response that is associated with leucocyte activation and pulmonary organ dysfunction. No observable differences were detected in plasma endotoxin concentrations. The reduction in cefuroxime-induced endotoxin release after the addition of an aminoglycoside in vitro could not be reproduced in this model.
Use of Donor Corneas From Pseudophakic Eyes for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Lapp Thabo , Heinzelmann Sonja , Böhringer Daniel , Eberwein Philipp , Reinhard Thomas , Maier Philip 
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
The prevalence of pseudophakia increases with age and affects more than 30% of people older than 80 years. Because grafts from older donors seem to be more suitable for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) surgery rather than grafts from younger donors, eye bank technicians and corneal surgeons have to deal with corneas from pseudophakic donors for DMEK graft preparation. However, graft preparation from corneas of pseudophakic donors can be more complicated.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed our donor registry for the prevalence of pseudophakia. We compared grafts from phakic and pseudophakic donors concerning graft survival, rebubbling rates, and endothelial cell loss after DMEK surgery.

Results:
More than 20% of our donors were pseudophakic, of which 35% were primarily suitable for transplantation. Regarding the comparison of grafts from phakic and pseudophakic donors used for DMEK, we observed comparable survival rates (90% after 3 years) and similar endothelial cell loss (30% with an endothelial cell density above 1000 cell/mm2 after 3 years) but significantly lower rebubbling rates for grafts from pseudophakic donors (18% vs. 28%).

Conclusions:
Our data strongly suggest that pseudophakic persons should not be excluded from corneal donation because success rates after DMEK with grafts from pseudophakic eyes are comparable to those with grafts from phakic eyes. However, in the eye bank, grafts from pseudophakic donors have a higher primary discard rate because of low endothelial cell counts.