bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in trends and outcomes of eclampsia: a success story from Qatar
Authors: Sharara Hussain A , Shaikh Nissar , Ummunnisa Firdous , Aboobacker Naseera , Al Tamimi Halima 
Published: September 2019

Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia are two hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that significantly contribute to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Eclampsia is the occurrence of seizures in patients with preeclampsia without any previous history of seizure disorders. The incidence and prevalence of eclampsia varies, and there is scarce literature about the prevalence and trends of eclampsia in the Arabian Gulf countries. This study aimed to identify the incidence and changing trends of eclampsia in Qatar. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation, the only tertiary heathcare center in Qatar, and included all patients admitted with eclampsia from 1979 to 2017. The demographic data, maternal age, parity, gestational age, antenatal visits, timing of seizures, mode of delivery, treatment, maternal morbidity, and mortality were recorded. The study period was divided into the initial period of 1979–1988, 1991–2009, and the recent period of 2010–2017. Data analysis was performed using chi-square tests to identify trends among the three different periods. A p value of ≤ 0.05 (two-tailed) was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 151 patients with eclampsia were admitted with an increasing incidence of eclampsia over time. There was a statistically significant improvement in antenatal follow-up and an increase in the maternal age of patients with eclampsia (p = 0.001). The incidence of eclampsia without proteinuria increased significantly over time (p = 0.03). Postpartum eclampsia was more common (p = 0.002). Labetalol was the most frequently used antihypertensive agent (p = 0.001), and magnesium sulfate has been increasingly used as an anticonvulsant agent (p = 0.001). The rate of maternal morbidity was decreasing, and in the recent period, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome was becoming a common comorbidity in patients with eclampsia. Maternal mortality displayed significant improvement, reaching 0% in the recent study period (p = 0.02). Perinatal mortality likewise displayed a decreasing trend and reached 3.17% in the recent period. Conclusion: The incidence of eclampsia is increasing in Qatar. The antenatal care of patients with eclampsia has improved significantly. The medical management of patients with eclampsia has also drastically improved, leading to a significant decrease in maternal mortality and improvement in perinatal outcomes.
3: Preventing complications of diabetes
Authors: Bate Katherine L , Jerums George 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Diabetes complications are common and almost triple the annual cost of managing diabetes.
Microvascular complications are the major risk in type 1 diabetes, while macrovascular complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes.
Control of hyperglycaemia (target HbA1c level ≤ 7%) and hypertension (target blood pressure ≤ 130/80 mmHg) prevents microvascular complications in both types of diabetes; a multifactorial approach, comprising behaviour modification and pharmacological therapy for all risk factors, reduces the development of micro‐ and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
The benefit of treating dyslipidaemia is at least as great in the diabetic population as in the non‐diabetic population.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and low‐dose aspirin are indicated in people with diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors.
Regular annual screening for diabetes complications allows treatable disease to be identified.
How to make new discoveries in (human) anatomy
Authors: Wedel Mathew John 
Published: September 2019

Despite the perception that human anatomy is a completed science, new discoveries continue to be reported. Some merely expand the previously known range of human variation, but others are gross structures present in most people, which simply escaped detection until recently. An analysis of recent discoveries suggests several avenues along which new discoveries might be sought:
1. Anatomically complex regions with multiple potential distractors: the anterolateral ligament of the knee escaped widespread appreciation until 2013, probably because the human knee is a forbiddingly complex structure that is rarely dissected completely, and several superficially similar structures are present in the same area.
2. Common characters of other taxa expressed as rare variants in humans: vagus nerve fibers to the trachea and esophagus are typically incorporated into the recurrent laryngeal nerve in humans, but form a separate pararecurrent nerve in some other mammals, and rarely in humans.
3. Replaced peripheral nerves: nerve fibers from the 4th lumbar spinal level to the leg are usually incorporated into the femoral nerve, but in rare cases become part of the obturator nerve. In such cases, the posterior branch of the saphenous nerve appears to have been replaced by the obturator nerve. Similar replacements in other regions of the body are underexplored.
Most recent discoveries fall into a perceptual blind spot: medical students dissecting human cadavers have the opportunity to find these structures, but usually lack the expertise to recognize or preserve them. In contract, surgeons have the necessary expertise, but rarely have the opportunity to open people up sufficiently to identify or trace these structures.
If new discoveries remain to be made even in the well-trod ground of human anatomy, then many more surely await discovery in extant and extinct non-humans, and these guidelines may prove useful in other taxa as well.
Social media data archives in an API-driven world
Authors: Acker Amelia , Kreisberg Adam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this article, we explore the long-term preservation implications of application programming interfaces (APIs) which govern access to data extracted from social media platforms. We begin by introducing the preservation problems that arise when APIs are the primary way to extract data from platforms, and how tensions fit with existing models of archives and digital repository development. We then define a range of possible types of API users motivated to access social media data from platforms and consider how these users relate to principles of digital preservation. We discuss how platforms’ policies and terms of service govern the set of possibilities for access using these APIs and how the current access regime permits persistent problems for archivists who seek to provide access to collections of social media data. We conclude by surveying emerging models for access to social media data archives found in the USA, including community driven not-for-profit community archives, university research repositories, and early industry–academic partnerships with platforms. Given the important role these platforms occupy in capturing and reflecting our digital culture, we argue that archivists and memory workers should apply a platform perspective when confronting the rich problem space that social platforms and their APIs present for the possibilities of social media data archives, asserting their role as “developer stewards” in preserving culturally significant data from social media platforms.
Similarity between seed rain and neighbouring mature tree communities in an old-growth temperate forest
Authors: Wang Yunyun , LaMontagne Jalene M. , Lin Fei , Yuan Zuoqiang , Ye Ji , Wang Xugao , Hao Zhanqing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeed distribution and deposition patterns around parent trees are strongly affected by functional traits and therefore influence the development of plant communities. To assess the limitations of seed dispersal and the extent to which diaspore and neighbouring parental traits explain seed rain, we used a 9-year seed data set based on 150 seed traps in a 25-ha area of a temperate forest in the Changbai Mountain. Among 480,598 seeds belonging to 12 families, 17 genera, and 26 species were identified, only 54% of the species with mature trees in the community were represented in seeds collected over the 9 years, indicating a limitation in seed dispersal. Understory species were most limited; overstory species were least limited. Species with wind-dispersed seed had the least limitation, while the lowest similarity in species richness was for animal-dispersed species followed by gravity-dispersed species; fleshy-fruited species had stronger dispersal limitations than dry-fruited species. Generalized linear mixed models showed that relative basal area had a significant positive effect on seed abundance in traps, while the contribution of diaspore traits was low for nearly all groups. These results suggest that tree traits had the strongest contribution to seed dispersal and deposition for all functional groups examined here. These findings strengthen the knowledge that tree traits are key in explaining seed deposition patterns, at least at the primary dispersal stage. This improved knowledge of sources of seeds that are dispersed could facilitate greater understanding of seedling and community dynamics in temperate forests.
The effects of parental relationships, and gender and grade differences on depressive disorder in Chinese adolescents: the evidence from multiple cross-sectional surveys (1999–2016)
Authors: Wang Limin , Zhang Yafeng , Yin Hui , Zhang Zuoming , Tao Yuchun , Xu Ye , Chen Lu , Feng Yongqing , Liu Yixin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the impacts of parental relationships, gender, and grade differences on depressive disorder among Chinese adolescents over a time period of nearly 20 years. The first survey took place in 1999 and involved 852 students; subsequent follow-up surveys took place in 2006, 2009 and 2016, with 3345 students involved in total. Depressive disorder was measured bySCL-90-R (Chinese version). The surveys also collected social-demographic information about the respondents. Three indicators of parental relationships were examined—parental quarrels, parental disharmony and parental divorce. The results show that gender was significantly associated with adolescents’ depressive disorder and that there was a higher prevalence of depressive disorder among senior middle school students than among junior middle school students, except in 1999. Troubled parental relationships were associated with high risks of depressive disorder. Coefficients and 95% CI were adjusted for the survey years (1999, 2006, 2009, 2016), school grades (junior or senior middle school students), gender (girls/boys), parental quarrels (yes/no), parental disharmony (yes/no), and parental divorce (yes/no). Logistic regression indicated that parental divorce and gender were the two strongest predictors of the presence of depressive disorder. In summary, there was a higher prevalence of depressive disorder among girls and senior middle school students. Adolescents are vulnerable to depressive disorder in cases of parental divorce. Therefore, good parental relationships may be considered an important and necessary factor that affects the susceptibility of Chinese adolescents to depressive disorder.
Long-term mucosal injury and repair in a murine model of pelvic radiotherapy
Authors: Malipatlolla Dilip K. , Patel Piyush , Sjöberg Fei , Devarakonda Sravani , Kalm Marie , Angenete Eva , Lindskog Elinor Bexe , Grandér Rita , Persson Linda , Stringer Andrea , Wilderäng Ulrica , Swanpalmer John , Kuhn Hans Georg , Steineck Gunnar , Bull Cecilia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChronic intestinal injury after pelvic radiotherapy affects countless cancer survivors worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of the long-term injury dynamics is prevented in available animal models. With linear accelerators that are used to treat cancer in patients, we irradiated a small volume encompassing the colorectum in mice with four fractions of 8 Gy per fraction. We then determined the long-term dynamics of mucosal injury, repair, and the duration of inflammation. We show that crypt fission, not cell proliferation, is the main long-term mechanism for rescuing crypt density after irradiation, and provides a potentially wide window for clinical interventions. Persisting macrophage aggregations indicate a chronic mucosal inflammation. A better understanding as to how crypt fission is triggered and why it fails to repair fully the mucosa may help restore bowel health after pelvic radiotherapy. Moreover, anti-inflammatory interventions, even if implemented long after completed radiotherapy, could promote bowel health in pelvic cancer survivors.
Self-illumination of Carbon Dots by Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Song Jisu , Zhang Jin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCarbon-dots (CDs), the emerging fluorescent nanoparticles, show special multicolor properties, chemical stability, and biocompatibility, and are considered as the new and advanced imaging probe in replacement of molecular fluorophores and semiconductor quantum dots. However, the requirement of external high power light source limits the application of fluorescent nanomaterials in bio-imaging. The present study aims to take advantage of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer mechanism (BRET) in creating self-illuminating C-dots. Renilla luciferase (Rluc) is chosen as the BRET donor molecule. Conjugation of Renilla luciferase and C-dots is necessary to keep their distance close for energy transfer. The optimal condition for achieving BRET is investigated by studying the effects of different factors on the performance of BRET, including the type of conjugation, concentration of carbon dots, and conjugation time. The linear relationship of BRET efficiency as a function of the amount of C-dots in the range of 0.20–0.80 mg/mL is observed. The self-illuminating carbon dots could be applied in bioimaging avoiding the tissue damage from the external high power light source.
Bone marrow niche crosses paths with BMPs: a road to protection and persistence in CML
Authors: Busch Caroline , Wheadon Helen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a paradigm of precision medicine, being one of the first cancers to be treated with targeted therapy. This has revolutionised CML therapy and patient outcome, with high survival rates. However, this now means an ever-increasing number of patients are living with the disease on life-long tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, with most patients anticipated to have near normal life expectancy. Unfortunately, in a significant number of patients, TKIs are not curative. This low-level disease persistence suggests that despite a molecularly targeted therapeutic approach, there are BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms exploited to sustain the survival of a small cell population of leukaemic stem cells (LSCs). In CML, LSCs display many features akin to haemopoietic stem cells, namely quiescence, self-renewal and the ability to produce mature progeny, this all occurs through intrinsic and extrinsic signals within the specialised microenvironment of the bone marrow (BM) niche. One important avenue of investigation in CML is how the disease highjacks the BM, thereby remodelling this microenvironment to create a niche, which enables LSC persistence and resistance to TKI treatment. In this review, we explore how changes in growth factor levels, in particular, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, impact on cell behaviour, extracellular matrix deposition and bone remodelling in CML. We also discuss the challenges in targeting LSCs and the potential of dual targeting using combination therapies against BMP receptors and BCR-ABL1.
Mammalian mitochondrial translation — revealing consequences of divergent evolution
Authors: Al-Faresi Rawaa A. Z. , Lightowlers Robert. N. , Chrzanowska-Lightowlers Zofia M. A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Mitochondria are ubiquitous organelles present in the cytoplasm of all nucleated eukaryotic cells. These organelles are described as arising from a common ancestor but a comparison of numerous aspects of mitochondria between different organisms provides remarkable examples of divergent evolution. In humans, these organelles are of dual genetic origin, comprising ∼1500 nuclear-encoded proteins and thirteen that are encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Of the various functions that these organelles perform, it is only oxidative phosphorylation, which provides ATP as a source of chemical energy, that is dependent on synthesis of these thirteen mitochondrially encoded proteins. A prerequisite for this process of translation are the mitoribosomes. The recent revolution in cryo-electron microscopy has generated high-resolution mitoribosome structures and has undoubtedly revealed some of the most distinctive molecular aspects of the mitoribosomes from different organisms. However, we still lack a complete understanding of the mechanistic aspects of this process and many of the factors involved in post-transcriptional gene expression in mitochondria. This review reflects on the current knowledge and illustrates some of the striking differences that have been identified between mitochondria from a range of organisms.
Nearly polar orbit of the sub-Neptune HD 3167 c
Authors: Dalal S. , Hébrard G. , Lecavelier des Étangs A. , Petit A. C. , Bourrier V. , Laskar J. , König P.-C. , Correia A. C. M. 
Published: September 2019

Aims. We present the obliquity measurement, that is, the angle between the normal angle of the orbital plane and the stellar spin axis, of the sub-Neptune planet HD 3167 c, which transits a bright nearby K0 star. We study the orbital architecture of this multi-planet system to understand its dynamical history. We also place constraints on the obliquity of planet d based on the geometry of the planetary system and the dynamical study of the system.
Methods. New observations obtained with HARPS-N at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) were employed for our analysis. The sky-projected obliquity was measured using three different methods: the Rossiter-McLaughlin anomaly, Doppler tomography, and reloaded Rossiter-McLaughlin techniques. We performed the stability analysis of the system and investigated the dynamical interactions between the planets and the star.
Results. HD 3167 c is found to be nearly polar with sky-projected obliquity, λ = −97°± 23°. This misalignment of the orbit of planet c with the spin axis of the host star is detected with 97% confidence. The analysis of the dynamics of this system yields coplanar orbits of planets c and d. It also shows that it is unlikely that the currently observed system can generate this high obliquity for planets c and d by itself. However, the polar orbits of planets c and d could be explained by the presence of an outer companion in the system. Follow-up observations of the system are required to confirm such a long-period companion.
Fibulin-4 exerts a dual role in LTBP-4L–mediated matrix assembly and function
Authors: Kumra Heena , Nelea Valentin , Hakami Hana , Pagliuzza Amelie , Djokic Jelena , Xu Jiongci , Yanagisawa Hiromi , Reinhardt Dieter P. 
Published: September 2019

SignificanceSoft tissues such as blood vessels, lung, and skin require various extracellular proteins, including tropoelastin, fibrillins, fibulin-4, and latent TGF-β binding protein-4 (LTBP-4) to synthesize functional elastic fibers in a highly hierarchical fashion. Mutations in these proteins cause heritable diseases, resulting in deficient elastic fibers and function. We provide evidence for a dual role of fibulin-4 in this context. Our results demonstrate how physical interactions between these elastogenic proteins play key roles in inducing conformational and functional changes, which then impacts self-assembly and elastic fiber formation. This fundamental finding is essential to understand the pathogenesis of diseases associated with mutations in elastogenic proteins.
Cell models of lipid-rich α-synuclein aggregation validate known modifiers of α-synuclein biology and identify stearoyl-CoA desaturase
Authors: Imberdis Thibaut , Negri Joseph , Ramalingam Nagendran , Terry-Kantor Elizabeth , Ho Gary P. H. , Fanning Saranna , Stirtz Georgia , Kim Tae-Eun , Levy Oren A. , Young-Pearse Tracy L. , Selkoe Dennis , Dettmer Ulf 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Misfolding and accumulation of the protein α-synuclein (αS) inside nerve cells characterize Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related brain diseases, for which no disease-modifying therapies exist. Robust cell models are needed that recapitulate abnormal αS folding/accumulation in real time, especially for compound screening. We took advantage of the engineered αS “3K” (E35K+E46K+E61K) mutation, which amplifies the familial PD-causing E46K and readily forms round inclusions. We rescued the inclusions with known αS modulators and then screened a ∼2,000-compound library. We identified the potential therapeutic target stearoyl-CoA desaturase; its inhibition cleared αS inclusions, in accord with the effects of conditioning in saturated fatty acids. We propose a model for how fatty acids serve as key modulators of cellular αS homeostasis.
A marine plasmid hitchhiking vast phylogenetic and geographic distances
Authors: Petersen Jörn , Vollmers John , Ringel Victoria , Brinkmann Henner , Ellebrandt-Sperling Claire , Spröer Cathrin , Howat Alexandra M. , Murrell J. Colin , Kaster Anne-Kristin 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by reproduction, which plays an important role in bacterial evolution. Often, mobile genetic elements such as plasmids are involved in HGT. In this study, we present phylogenetic, biogeographic, and functional analyses of a previously unrecognized plasmid that is found with 100% sequence identity in multiple distinct bacterial genera obtained from geographically separated locations. This is the only known instance where actual nucleotide identity and not only high synteny has been described for plasmids in environmental organisms. Furthermore, we provide experimental evidence for the potential of this plasmid to be transmitted across bacterial orders, thereby increasing our understanding of evolution and microbial niche adaptation in the environment.
Generation and detection of spin-orbit coupled neutron beams
Authors: Sarenac Dusan , Kapahi Connor , Chen Wangchun , Clark Charles W. , Cory David G. , Huber Michael G. , Taminiau Ivar , Zhernenkov Kirill , Pushin Dmitry A. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Extensive interest has been placed on the techniques to prepare and characterize optical and matter wave orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams and spin correlated OAM beams. They have been shown to be useful in a wide range of applications such as microscopy, quantum information processing, material characterization, and communication protocols. Here we demonstrate an observation of spin-orbit beams and lattices of spin-orbit beams with neutrons. Neutrons, which do not possess a charge and have significant mass, are probes of nature that are complementary to photons and electrons. The techniques shown here enable neutron OAM applications in material characterization and fundamental physics.