bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Famitinib in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a phase 1, open‐label, dose‐escalation Study
Authors: Chen Qiuyan , Tang Linquan , Liu Na , Han Feng , Guo Ling , Guo Shanshan , Wang Jianwei , Liu Huai , Ye Yanfang , Zhang Lu , Liu Liting , Wang Pan , Li Yingqin , He Qingmei , Yang Xiaoqun , Tang Qingnan , Li Yang , Liang YuJing , Sun XueSong , Xie Chuanmiao , Mo Yunxian , Guo Ying , Sun Rui , Mo Haoyuan , Cao Kajia , Guo Xiang , Zeng Musheng , Mai Haiqiang , Ma Jun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundFamitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor against multiple targets, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2/3, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor, and stem cell factor receptor (c‐kit). Previous studies have demonstrated anti‐tumour activities of famitinib against a wide variety of advanced‐stage solid cancers. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of famitinib with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We also evaluated the feasibility of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (D‐CEUS) as a predictor of early tumour response to famitinib and to correlate functional parameters with clinical efficacy.MethodsThe trial was conducted in subjects with stage III or IVa‐b NPC using a 3 + 3 design of escalating famitinib doses. Briefly, subjects received 2 weeks of famitinib monotherapy followed by 7 weeks of famitinib plus CCRT. D‐CEUS of the neck lymph nodes was performed at day 0, 8 and 15 after famitinib was administered before starting concurrent chemoradiotherapy. End points included safety, tolerability and anti‐tumour activity.ResultsTwenty patients were enrolled (six each for 12.5, 16.5 and 20 mg and two for 25 mg). Two patients in the 25 mg cohort developed dose‐limiting toxicities, including grade 4 thrombocytopenia and grade 3 hypertension. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were leukopenia, neutropenia and radiation mucositis. D‐CEUS tests showed that more than 60% of patients achieved a perfusion parameter response after 2 weeks taking famitinib alone, and the parameter response was associated with disease improvement. In the famitinib monotherapy stage, three patients (15%) showed partial responses. The complete response rate was 65% at the completion of treatment and 95% 3 months after the treatment ended. After a median follow‐up of 44 months, the 3‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and distant metastasis‐free survival were 70% and 75%, respectively. Subjects with a decrease of perfusion parameter response, such as peak intensity decreased at least 30% after 1 week of famitinib treatment, had higher 3‐year PFS (90.9% vs. 44.4%, 95% CI 73.7%–100% vs. 11.9%–76.9%,P< 0.001) than those with an increase or a reduction of less than 30%.ConclusionsThe recommended famitinib dose for phase II trial is 20 mg with CCRT for patients with local advanced NPC. D‐CEUS is a reliable and early measure of efficacy for famitinib therapies. Further investigation is required to confirm the effects of famitinib plus chemoradiotherapy.
Scaled deployment of Wolbachia to protect the community from dengue and other Aedes transmitted arboviruses
Authors: O'Neill Scott L. , Ryan Peter A. , Turley Andrew P. , Wilson Geoff , Retzki Kate , Iturbe-Ormaetxe Inaki , Dong Yi , Kenny Nichola , Paton Christopher J. , Ritchie Scott A. , Brown-Kenyon Jack , Stanford Darren , Wittmeier Natalie , Anders Katherine L. , Simmons Cameron P. 
Published: November 2018

Background: A number of new technologies are under development for the control of mosquito transmitted viruses, such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika that all require the release of modified mosquitoes into the environment. None of these technologies has been able to demonstrate evidence that they can be implemented at a scale beyond small pilots. Here we report the first successful citywide scaled deployment of Wolbachia in the northern Australian city of Townsville. Methods: The wMel strain of Wolbachia was backcrossed into a local Aedes aegypti genotype and mass reared mosquitoes were deployed as eggs using mosquito release containers (MRCs). In initial stages these releases were undertaken by program staff but in later stages this was replaced by direct community release including the development of a school program that saw children undertake releases. Mosquito monitoring was undertaken with Biogents Sentinel (BGS) traps and individual mosquitoes were screened for the presence of Wolbachia with a Taqman qPCR or LAMP diagnostic assay. Dengue case notifications from Queensland Health Communicable Disease Branch were used to track dengue cases in the city before and after release. Results: Wolbachia was successfully established into local Ae. aegypti mosquitoes across 66 km2 in four stages over 28 months with full community support. A feature of the program was the development of a scaled approach to community engagement. Wolbachia frequencies have remained stable since deployment and to date no local dengue transmission has been confirmed in any area of Townsville after Wolbachia has established, despite local transmission events every year for the prior 13 years and an epidemiological context of increasing imported cases. Conclusion: Deployment of Wolbachia into Ae. aegypti populations can be readily scaled to areas of ~60km2 quickly and cost effectively and appears in this context to be effective at stopping local dengue transmission
A Malawi guideline for research study participant remuneration
Authors: Gordon Stephen B. , Chinula Lameck , Chilima Ben , Mwapasa Victor , Dadabhai Sufia , Mlombe Yohannie ,   Malawi Research Ethics Workshop 2018 Participants
Published: November 2018

Background: Research participant remuneration has been variable and inconsistent world-wide for many years owing to uncertainty regarding best practice and a lack of written guidelines for investigators and research ethics committees. Recent recommendations are that researchers and regulators should develop regionally appropriate written guidelines to define reasonable remuneration based on expense reimbursement, compensation for time and burden associated with participation. Incentives to motivate participation are acceptable in specific circumstances. Methods: We wished to develop regionally informed, precise and applicable guidelines in Malawi that might also be generally useful for African researchers and review committees. We therefore reviewed the current literature and developed widely applicable and specific remuneration tables using acceptable and evidence-based payment rationales. Results: There were good international guidelines and limited published regional guidelines. There were published examples of best practice and sufficient material to suggest a structured remuneration table. The rationale and method for the table were discussed at an inter-disciplinary workshop resulting in a reimbursement and compensation model with fixed rates. Payment is recommended pro rata and equally across a study. Conclusions: Transparent, fair remuneration of research participants is recommended by researchers and regulators in Malawi. The means to achieve this are now presented in the Malawi research participant remuneration table.
Health literacy and medication adherence in cardiac disease
Authors: Pacleb Adrienne , Randall Sue , Neubeck Lis , Lowres Nicole , Gallagher Robyn 
Published: November 2018

Background: Early mortality arising from cardiac disease can be reduced through the use of medications but medication adherence is often poor. This is influenced by many factors, including health literacy. Systematic reviews indicate the relationship between medication adherence and health literacy is complex and ambiguous although no reviews specifically examine medication adherence in patients with cardiac disease. Aim: The aim was to explore current literature that investigates medication adherence and health literacy in patients with cardiac disease. Method: An integrative review was performed. Results: Patients with cardiac disease had moderate health literacy levels and medication adherence. Four out of eight studies reported lower adherence in people with low health literacy. Additional factors (education, age, intervention strategies, complexity of regimen, cognition, ethnicity, contextual differences, medical insurance and patient beliefs) were found to have stronger associations with adherence. Conclusion: Patients with cardiac disease in the majority of the studies had high levels of medication adherence, which may be influenced by important factors other than health literacy. Further research is needed to investigate these factors while accounting for the potential influence of health literacy.
Finalising an item bank for a first draft cardiac rehabilitation PROM
Authors: Cowie Aynsley , Kerr Emma , McKay Janet , Allan Lesley , Thomson Patricia 
Published: November 2018

Background: A Scotland-wide scoping exercise identified the need for a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to suit the range of diagnostic groups now accessing cardiac rehabilitation (CR). A previous literature review of existing tools guided a qualitative methodology involving CR staff and service users ( Cowie et al, 2018 ). Aim: This paper describes the merging of literature review findings with qualitative data to finalise the item bank for a first draft tool (PROM-CR1). Methods: Conceptual ideas identified from existing tools were aligned with key themes and subthemes within the qualitative data. Quotes most reflective of the qualitative language were used to evidence themes and develop 40 construct indicators which were used to build PROM-CR1. Results: PROM-CR1 contains 40 items across ‘physical’, ‘social’, ‘psychological’ and ‘therapeutic’ domains, plus ‘general health and well-being’, ‘physical’, ‘social’, and ‘psychological’ summary scores. Future directions: PROM-CR1 will be piloted with both staff and service users, and refined to develop a finalised tool (PROM-CR) for clinical practice.
Allelopathy of extracts of Cyperus rotundus and Oxalis latifolia on snapdragon seeds germination
Authors: Pêgo Rogério Gomes , Fialho Cíntia Maria Teixeira 
Published: November 2018

Snapdragon (Anthirrhinum majus L.) is an ornamental plant propagated by seeds and usually cultivated in beds. In production fields occur many weeds, such as Cyperus rotundus and Oxalis latifolia, which can decrease flower production by competition or releasing allelopathic components. However, there is few knowledge about the effect of these allelopathic components on snapdragon seed germination. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of C. rotundus and O. latifolia on the germination of snapdragon. For this, 10 g of material vegetal from whole plants of C. rotundus or O. latifolia were ground in 100 mL of water (10% w v-1). The dilutions of aqueous extracts in 75%, 50%, 25% and 0 were prepared using distilled water. The seeds were kept in paper moistened with extracts, in box gerbox-type, and conditioned in a germination chamber for 11 days. After 11 days the percentage of germination, vigor, germination speed index (GSI), percentage of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds, root length and shoot seedlings were evaluated. Extracts of C. rotundus and O. latifolia reduced the percentage of seed germination by up to 17.6% and 43.7%, respectively. The vigor was reduced from 55.0% to 28.5% and IVG reduced from 27 to 12 in extracts of O. latifolia. The maximum of 49.5% and 35.5% of dead seeds was obtained in extracts of O. latifolia and C. rotundusrespectively. The highest concentrations of extracts of both species altered the morphology of snapdragons seedlings reducing the length of radicle and shoot.
Notes from the Editors, November 2018
Authors: The Editors - 
Published: November 2018

buy this issue
The twenty-first century has resulted in a vast upsurge of ecological Marxism and ecosocialism more generally, building on the environmental critique of capitalism embedded in classical historical materialism. At the same time, it has also engendered opposing tendencies and approaches concerning how we understand relentless ecological destruction under capitalism. This issue is dedicated to exploring the theoretical advances, schools of thought, and debates on the left in regard to our world's ecological crisis, which threatens the survival of humanity and is inescapable within the present capitalist system of production.
Typology and Feature Checking of Wh-Questions
Authors: Ma Daoshan 
Published: November 2018

From the perspective of the syntactic behavior of wh-questions, natural languages can be classified into four types: Null Spec Language, Single Filled Spec Language, Multiply Filled Spec Language and Non-Multiply Filled Spec Language. Data were collected according to the relevance to the present research from each representative of the four types of languages, namely, Chinese, English, Bulgarian and Czech. Some of the data in the thesis were taken from the previous literature. Others were from self-introspection. The collected data were analyzed from the point of typology and feature checking. Feature checking in wh-questions of these four types of languages seem to be operated quite differently. Pied-piping of the formal features of the wh-words or wh-phrases occur in English, Bulgarian and Czech but not in Chinese. However, feature movement in wh-questions of these four types of languages is universal. This finding proves Chomsky’s biological linguistic belief that language is mainly an optimal solution to conditions it must satisfy.
Pierwsi rolnicy na ziemi kociewskiej - refleksja z najnowszych odkryć archeologicznych
Authors: Kochanowski Marian 
Published: November 2018

The article is aimed at presentation of a newly discovered Linear Band Pottery settlement at Kościelna Jania, Smętowo Graniczne commune. The site was excavated during rescue works on the Al highway. It has been the largest settlement o f this culture in the Starogard Lake District explored to date. In 21 excavated features, mainly settlement pits, numerous pottery sherds and animal bones (post-consumption remains) were found. Pottery technology and decoration make possible to link these materials with the Note phase and date them back to 430CM1000 be.
Joint Child Custody as a New Kindergarten Teachers’ Experience
Authors: Majerčíková Jana 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction: The possibility of joint child care after divorce in which parental responsibilities are distributed equally among parents has been implemented in the Czech Republic since 1998. Under certain circumstances, joint custody is considered to be the best solution with regard to further prospects of individual children and also their relationships with their divorcing parents. The solution of joint custody issues happens between parents and/or their family members. Lawyers, psychologists, doctors, and social workers adopt a legitimate attitude to each individual case. Primarily, psychologists provide empirical proofs of the beneficial effect of joint custody concept. In Czech conditions, teachers are the least heard group in this respect. Methods: A research was carried out in which we utilized the method of thematic writing. Twenty-seven written products, written by the kindergarten teachers were analyzed (the length ranged from 2000 to 2500 words). The content analysis was used with the research aim to reveal their point of view of the joint child custody concept and their experience with children in joint custody. Results: The teachers’ attitude to joint custody was negative, they more leaned towards the opinion that joint custody is not an optimal solution. They perceived the concept of joint custody as beneficial but, on the other hand, as problematic and hardly feasible by divorced people as they often remain in conflict. Based on their experience with children in joint custody, it is fully dependent on the ability of parents to agree on it and to fulfil their children’s interests together. However, these are not, according to the teachers, very often taken into consideration in joint custody. Discussion: In their reflections, kindergarten teachers confirmed the generally accepted controversial conclusions and experience related to primarily practical side of joint custody. They underlined the accepted opinion that it is always necessary to assess joint custody in its relations to a particular case and in respect to its inability to substitute normally functioning and complete families. Limitaitons: The main research limit concerns the choices of research sample and amount of material based on 27 written products. The first version of the report underwent a participant validation in order to reduce possible distortion during the interpretation of empirical data. Conclusions: The research results have the potential to introduce further valuable and pedagogical perspective into the discussion about joint custody issues. It can even serve as a stimulus to optimize the content of teacher education with the aim to encompass various elements of educational reality of current kindergarten.
Teacher as an Amateur Speech Therapist – Current Knowledge in the Field of Speech Therapy Prevention in Kindergartens
Authors: Vašíková Jana 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction: In our paper, we focus mainly on defining the term of speech therapy prevention, on the anchoring of speech therapy prevention in the legislation and education, the teacher as an actor and direct mediator of the primary speech therapy prevention, and his competence. The research part describes the data obtained by in-depth interviews with teachers in nursery schools in the Zlín region. Methods: The empirical part of the study was conducted through a qualitative research. We have obtained research data via interviews with teachers from nursery schools in the Zlín Region. The data, after transcribing them into written form, were subsequently analysed and interpreted. Results: Based on the results of the research, we can identify one of the most significant categories in the survey of the method of implementation of speech therapy prevention in selected nursery schools in the South Moravian Region. It’s called “Teacher as an amateur speech therapist”. Within this category, we can also distinguish between three types of teachers: teacher - speech therapist, speech therapy assistant as a substitute of speech therapist, teacher - preventionist, and speech therapist. Discussion: What is the cause of this situation? Poor education? Legislation? Pedagogical practice? Limitations: The research was realized only in the South Moravian Region (CZ) and cannot be applied to the entire population. Conclusions: It is evident from the results of the research that some respondents have insufficient knowledge about the competences of individual actors in the speech therapy prevention process as well as about the realization of speech therapy prevention in kindergartens.
IUPAC in the (real) clouds
Authors: Cox R. Anthony , Ammann Markus , Crowley John N. , Herrmann Hartmut , Jenkin Michael E. , McNeill V. Faye , Mellouki Abdel Wahid , Rossi Michel J. , Troe Jurgen , Wallington Timothy J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
As we approach the end of the second decade of the 21st century, changes in atmospheric chemical composition due to anthropogenic pollution continue to challenge the well-being of society. The IUPAC effort in atmospheric chemistry data evaluation can be traced back over 40 years. Global concerns over potentially catastrophic stratospheric ozone depletion resulting from emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) led to the creation of the CODATA Task Group on Chemical Kinetics in 1977. The task of the CODATA group was to provide the evaluated kinetic data for atmospheric reactions needed to assess the threat to stratospheric ozone. In 1989, sponsorship of the data evaluation effort was transferred to IUPAC, leading to the formation of the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation.
Some (critical) questions for diachronic construction grammar
Authors: Gregersen Sune 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe paper critically reviews a recent volume onDiachronic Construction Grammar. It is argued that a more convincing case for the diachronic construction grammar approach could have been made by more explicitly comparing it to other approaches to historical linguistics, and that a number of central notions, such as “constructionalization”, are not applied consistently throughout the volume. In addition, an analysis of the constructionalization of Englishbegoing topresented in the volume is examined and shown not to be supported by the Early Modern English data.
The evolution of Choctaw grammatical words hosh and h

o

: Evidence from the Pitchlynn manuscript
Authors: Haag Marcia 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The ubiquitous and characteristic pair of Choctaw grammatical words hosh and ho
appear to have evolved from an older form, the pair hocha and hona. There are very few if any modern instances of the latter pair. But the manuscript of the Choctaw council meetings from 1826–1828, whose author was Peter Perkins Pitchlynn, shows that the older pair was common if not dominant in that era. This article illustrates the parallel usage of those forms with modern speech and the phonological processes that account for modern forms. Pitchlynn’s Council Notes manuscript, which is one of the earliest significant Choctaw texts, contemporaneous legal documents from the mid-nineteenth century, and other writings of that era, specifically hymns, show the decreasing distribution of hocha and hona and their replacement with hosh/ho
.
Evolution of the subjunctive in New Persian (10th–20th): From disappearance to reappearance
Authors: Lenepveu-Hotz Agnès 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe subjunctive mood is not built with the same morpheme in Middle Persian as in Contemporary Persian. In Middle Persian it is marked with the suffix-ā-and with the prefixbe-in Contemporary Persian. Based on a corpus of eleven texts, this article will demonstrate how the Middle Persian subjunctive disappeared and how a new subjunctive form was created in New Persian. Contrary to common belief, we will see that this modal opposition indicative/subjunctive does not exist during the intermediate stages, i.e. Early New Persian (10th–11th c.) and Classical Persian (12th–19th c.). Therefore, the first value of rhematicity of the prefixbe-will be analyzed in order to explain its reuse as a modal marking, certainly with an intermediate step of perfectivity, as well as the dialectal variants in New Persian. Since this same exact evolution of disappearance and modal recreation is seen in other languages not related neither genetically nor geographically to each other, the Persian modal evolution may shed light on the reason for the reuse of an ancient present as a modal form.