bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
АКТИВНІСТЬ БІОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В ОРГАНІЗМІ ЩУРІВ, ОДНОЧАСНО УРАЖЕНИХ КАРБОФОСОМ І ТЕТРАХЛОРМЕТАНОМ, ПІСЛЯ КОРЕКЦІЇ МЕКСИДОЛОМ
Authors: Boyko L. A. , Fira L. S. , Burmas N. I. 
Published: November 2018

Вступ. Потрапляючи в організм людини і тварин, фосфорорганічні речовини викликають активацію вільнорадикальних процесів, пригнічують захисно-компенсаторні сили, інгібують ензими, які беруть участь у процесах енергозабезпечення клітин. Тетрахлорметан, ксенобіотик, який використовують у промисловості, сільському господарстві та побуті, має токсичний вплив на печінку. В реальному житті нерідко трапляється комбінована дія декількох токсичних чинників, які, залежно від умов, можуть порушити рівновагу окиснювальних процесів в організмі та призвести до тяжких захворювань.
Мета дослідження –вивчити інтенсивність процесів енергозабезпечення в організмі щурів за умов одночасного ураження їх фосфорорганічними сполуками і тетрахлорметаном, а також ефективність застосування при цьому антиоксиданта мексидолу.
Методи дослідження. Дослідження проведено на білих щурах-самцях, яким щоденно протягом 30 днів вводили карбофос (20 мг/кг) і тетрахлорметан дворазово через добу (1 мл/кг). Тварин виводили з експерименту під тіопентал-натрієвим наркозом на 10 і 30 доби отруєння карбофосом та 4 і 7 доби після ураження тетрахлорметаном. У печінці та серці щурів визначали активність сукцинатдегідрогенази, цитохромоксидази та вміст глікогену, в сироватці крові – вміст глюкози.
Результати й обговорення. Протягом усього експерименту спостерігали прогресуюче зменшення в печінці та міокарді уражених тварин активності сукцинатдегідрогенази та цитохромоксидази, яка до кінця дослідження виявилась найнижчою. Вміст глюкози в сироватці крові після ураження токсикантами максимально збільшився наприкінці експерименту. В цей же період відзначали максимальне зниження вмісту глікогену в печінці та міокарді уражених тварин. Застосування мексидолу призвело до підвищення активності мітохондріальних ензимів, а також нормалізувало вміст глюкози у сироватці крові та глікогену в печінці й міокарді уражених щурів, що підтвердило його антигіпоксантні властивості.
Висновок. Комбіноване ураження щурів тетрахлорметаном і карбофосом призводить до значних порушень в енергозабезпеченні органів тварин. Доведено ефективність застосування мексидолу як антигіпоксанта.
Altered resting-state dorsal anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Chen Hui Juan , Zhang Li , Ke Jun , Qi Rongfeng , Xu Qiang , Zhong Yuan , Pan Mengjie , Li Jianjun , Lu Guang Ming , Chen Feng 
Published: November 2018

Objective: The brain functional alterations at regional and network levels in post-traumatic stress disorder patients are still unclear. This study explored brain functional alterations at regional and network levels in post-traumatic stress disorder patients with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and evaluated the relationship between brain function and clinical indices in post-traumatic stress disorder. Methods: Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and seed-based functional connectivity analyses were conducted among typhoon survivors with ( n = 27) and without post-traumatic stress disorder ( n = 33) and healthy controls ( n = 30) to assess the spontaneous brain activity and network-level brain function. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to examine the association of brain function with clinical symptom and social support. Results: Both the post-traumatic stress disorder group and the trauma-exposed control group showed decreased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex relative to the healthy control group. The post-traumatic stress disorder group showed increased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity with the right paracentral lobule and bilateral precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus relative to both control groups. Both traumatized groups exhibited decreased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity with the right hippocampus and left cerebellum relative to the healthy control group. More decreased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity with the right hippocampus was found in the post-traumatic stress disorder group. The Checklist-Civilian Version score positively correlated with functional connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the right paracentral lobule as well as between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the right precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus. The social support was associated with functional connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the bilateral precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus as well as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the left middle frontal gyrus. Conclusion: Trauma exposure may result in aberrant local and network-level functional connectivity in individuals with or without post-traumatic stress disorder. Altered amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex may be a predisposing risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder development following trauma exposure. More prominent decreased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity with the right hippocampus might be specific in the post-traumatic stress disorder group. Improvement of social support might possibly be significant for post-traumatic stress disorder patients.
The “No Wrong Door” Approach to HIV Testing: Results From a Statewide Retail Pharmacy–Based HIV Testing Program in Virginia, 2014-2016
Authors: Collins Bryan , Bronson Heather , Elamin Fatima , Yerkes Lauren , Martin Elaine 
Published: November 2018

Objective: As part of the Care and Prevention in the United States Demonstration Project (2012-2016), which aimed to reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality among racial/ethnic minority groups in 8 states, the Virginia Department of Health (VDH) funded Walgreens to provide HIV testing in retail pharmacies in areas with large racial/ethnic minority communities and high rates of poverty. We describe this program and summarize its outcomes. We hypothesized that (1) offering walk-in HIV testing outside of traditional business hours and alongside other point-of-care tests in retail pharmacies would increase rates of first-time testers and (2) using data on social determinants of health associated with higher rates of HIV infection to locate test sites would increase the identification of people who were previously undiagnosed. Methods: Using 2010 US Census data and 2007-2011 five-year population estimates from the American Community Survey, VDH selected 32 Walgreens stores located in census tracts where at least 30% of the population was black and/or Hispanic/Latino and/or where at least 20% of the population was living at or below the federal poverty level. Pharmacists administered the INSTI HIV-1/HIV-2 Rapid Antibody Test. Clients with a reactive test result were linked to confirmatory testing and medical care. Results: Between June 1, 2014, and September 29, 2016, Walgreens pharmacists performed HIV tests on 3630 clients, of whom 1668 (46.0%) had either never been tested or were unsure if they had been tested. Of all clients tested, 30 (0.8%) had a reactive test result. Of 26 clients who also had positive confirmatory testing, 22 (84.6%) were linked to care. The mean cost per person tested was $41.79, and the mean cost per reactive result was $5057. Conclusions: Retail pharmacies may be an effective venue for those who have never been tested for HIV to access HIV testing, particularly if the pharmacies are located in priority areas or where community-based organizations are unable to operate.
Recurrent Henoch Schönlein purpura without renal involvement successfully treated with methotrexate
Authors: Miray Kisla Ekinci Rabia , Balci Sibel , Serbes Mahir , Duyuler Ayçin Gulsah , Dogruel Dilek , Ufuk Altintas Derya , Yilmaz Mustafa 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Henoch Schönlein purpura is characterised by palpable purpura, abdominal pain, arthritis/arthralgia, often with a self-limiting course. Herein, we report a patient with recurrent Henoch Schönlein purpura and severe gastrointestinal involvement, successfully treated with methotrexate. Case presentation A 12-year-old boy was admitted to our department with palpable purpura, abdominal pain and arthralgia. Since gastrointestinal complaints were severe, systemic steroids were administered, with tapering of dosage. Henoch Schönlein purpura recurred several times with severe abdominal pain, maelena and purpura during next two months. Colchicine and hydroxychloroquine were initiated. After four months, we also introduced methotrexate, which enabled discontinuation of previous medications including corticosteroids. Methotrexate was ceased four months later, and remission was sustained without any medications for 24 months. Conclusion Besides the conflicting data regarding the use of methotrexate in recurrent Henoch Schönlein purpura, our case introduces successful methotrexate experience in a child with Henoch Schönlein purpura and recurrent severe gastrointestinal involvement.
Design and experimental analysis of a solar thermoelectric heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system as an integral element of a building envelope
Authors: Ahmad Gondal Irfan 
Published: November 2018

This study presents an innovative concept of a compact integrated solar-thermoelectric module that can form part of the building envelope. The heating/cooling modes use the photovoltaic electrical current to power the heat pump. The experimental analysis was carried out and the results of coefficient of performance were in the range 0.5–1 and 2.6–5 for cooling and heating functions, respectively. The study demonstrates that thermoelectric cooler can effectively be used for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning applications by integrating with solar panels especially in cooling applications. The system is environmentally friendly and can contribute in the implementation of zero energy buildings concept. Practical application: In order to help address the challenge of climate change and associated environmental effects, there is continuous demand for new technologies and applications that can be readily integrated into day-to-day life as a means of reducing anthropogenic impact. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, as one of the largest energy consumers in buildings, is the focus of many researchers seeking to reduce building energy use and environmental impact. This article proposes using facades and windows that have an integrated modules of solar photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric devices that are able to work together to achieve heating and cooling effects as required by the building without requiring any external operational power.
Novel subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin injection technique to reduce post-injection bruising
Authors: Jueakaew Sommapun , Piancharoensin Rattana , Pinkesorn Natchayakorn , Thippayarom Sarunya , Sermsathanasawadi Nuttawut 
Published: November 2018

Objective To investigate the efficacy of a novel low-molecular-weight heparin injection technique compared to the standard technique relative to bruising incidence, bruise size, and pain. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 44 patients with acute deep vein thrombosis. Patients who were randomized into the control group received a 10-s duration injection with immediate needle withdrawal, whereas study group patients received a 30-s duration injection with a 10-s pause before needle withdrawal. Two injection sites were assessed for pain and bruising between 48 and 60 h after injection. Results Bruises occurred in 50.0% and 18.2% of control and study group patients, respectively ( p = 0.03). Mean bruise size between 48 and 60 h after injection was 172.73 ± 372.60 mm2 and 28.18 ± 70.01 mm2 in the control group and study group, respectively ( p = 0.026). Pain scores were comparable between groups. Conclusion A 30-s duration injection with a 10-s pause before needle withdrawal resulted in significantly fewer and smaller bruises.
Effectiveness of high-dose glucocorticoids on hemolysis, elevating liver enzymes, and reducing platelets syndrome
Authors: Kang Suya , Zhou Liping , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Yongmei , Wang Yun 
Published: November 2018

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of high-dose glucocorticoids on hemolysis, elevating liver enzymes, and reducing platelets (HELLP) syndrome. Methods A total of 151 patients with HELLP syndrome were analyzed and divided into two groups. Six subgroups of treatment and control groups were divided into three grades in accordance with the American Mississippi Diagnostic Criteria. Results There were no differences in general characteristics of the patients, primipara rate, minimum platelet recovery time, postpartum hemorrhage volume, postpartum hemorrhage rate, cumulative average of maternal damage, intensive care unit admission rate, perinatal mortality rate, and overall incidence rate of adverse outcomes in fetuses among the groups. The primipara rate in the control group of the third grade was significantly higher than that in the treatment group of the third grade. The treatment group of the second grade (88.7%) had a significantly higher preterm delivery rate than that in the control group of the second grade (66.7%). There were no differences in minimum hemoglobin, and maximum lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels among the groups and subgroups. Conclusion High-dose glucocorticoids cannot significantly improve maternal and fetal prognoses and laboratory indices. However, our results might offer some clinical evidence for HELLP syndrome therapy.
Influenza and Intentions to Vaccinate in an Underserved Hispanic Population: The Role of Theoretically Derived Constructs
Authors: Padilla Margie E. , Frietze Gabriel , Shenberger-Trujillo Jessica M. , Carrillo Melissa , Loya Amanda M. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Past research has focused on understanding influenza vaccine acceptance in non-Hispanic white populations; however, research on the social causes of influenza vaccine acceptance rates in Hispanic populations is slowly developing. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess theoretically driven predictors (i.e. attitudes, perceptions, behaviors, etc.) on influenza and the intention to vaccinate. Methods: A survey was administered to assess predictors of intentions to receive the influenza vaccine. The survey included items adapted from the National Flu Survey. Results: Key constructs common in models of health behaviors emerged as predictors of behavioral intentions to receive the flu vaccine. Recent vaccination within the past year ( P < 0.001), perceived effectiveness of the flu vaccine ( P < 0.004), and perceived safety of the flu vaccine ( P = 0.009) were predictors of intentions to vaccinate. Exploratory analyses revealed that government distrust was a statistically significant predictor of intentions to vaccinate ( P = 0.044). Conclusion: The above results have important implications for health-care providers and public health educators. The better we understand the relationship between theoretically driven predictors and vaccine behaviors, the more educators and health-care providers can focus on meaningful, culturally sensitive, targeted-vaccine education.
‘To die, to sleep’ – assisted dying legislation in Victoria: A case study
Authors: Gilbert Julia , Boag Jane 
Published: November 2018

Background: Assisted dying remains an emotive topic globally with a number of countries initiating legislation to allow individuals access to assisted dying measures. Victoria will become the first Australian state in over 13 years to pass Assisted Dying Legislation, set to come into effect in 2019. Objectives: This article sought to evaluate the impact of Victorian Assisted Dying Legislation via narrative view and case study presentation. Research design: Narrative review and case study. Participants and research context: case study. Ethical considerations: This legislation will provide eligible Victorian residents with the option to request access to assisted dying measures as a viable alternative to a potentially painful, protracted death. Findings: This legislation, while conservative and inclusive of many safeguards at present, will form the basis for further discussion and debate on assisted dying across Australia in time to come. Discussion: The passing of this legislation by the Victorian parliament was prolonged, emotive and divided not only the parliament but Australian society. Conclusion: Many advocates for this legislation proclaimed it was well overdue and will finally meet the needs of contemporary society. Protagonists claim that medical treatment should not provide a means of ending life, despite palliative care reportedly often failing to relieve the pain and suffering of individuals living with a terminal illness.
Avascular necrosis post unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a treatment algorithm with staged hinged hip distraction: mid-term results
Authors: Balakumar Balasubramanian , Madan Sanjeev 
Published: November 2018

Background: Management of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head in slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is difficult. We proposed to ascertain if staged hip distraction could prevent collapse and recover the femoral head. Methods: A retrospective review of the hip database retrieved 16 children with unstable SCFE and AVN. All underwent capital realignment by surgical dislocation followed by 2nd-stage hinged hip distraction. Patient demographics and radiographic parameters of deformity, AVN and arthritis were collected. The patients scored their hip function both before and after intervention and at follow-up using the modified Harris Hip Score and Nonarthritic Hip score. Results: 7 boys and 9 girls formed the study group ( n = 16). The average age at surgery was 12.7 years (9–16 years). 8 rights hips and 8 left hips were involved. The average follow-up was 45 months (33–66 months). Group A ( n = 7) had hip distraction only if the follow-up radiographs showed AVN changes and collapse. Based on the observations in Group A, the protocol was changed for Group B. Group B ( n = 9) underwent hip distraction at 6 weeks of capital realignment for avascularity of the femoral head. In Group A, all patients had further collapse and advanced arthritis at follow-up. In Group B all patients had hip joint space restored and good hip function without pain at follow-up. Conclusions: Pre-emptive application of hip distractor for those children with proven lack of blood flow to the femoral head is a potential option to stall the progression of AVN and to help recover useful hip function.
Optical Surface Scanning for Patient Positioning in Radiation Therapy: A Prospective Analysis of 1902 Fractions
Authors: Carl G , Reitz D , Schönecker S , Pazos M , Freislederer P , Reiner M , Alongi F , Niyazi M , Ganswindt U , Belka C , Corradini S 
Published: November 2018

Purpose/Objective: Reproducible patient positioning remains one of the major challenges in modern radiation therapy. Recently, optical surface scanners have been introduced into clinical practice in addition to well-established positioning systems, such as room laser and skin marks. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate setup errors of the optical surface scanner Catalyst HD (C-RAD AB) in different anatomic regions. Material/Methods: Between October 2016 and June 2017 a total of 1902 treatment sessions in 110 patients were evaluated. The workflow of this study included conventional setup procedures using laser-based positioning with skin marks and an additional registration of the 3-dimensional (3D) deviations detected by the Catalyst system. The deviations of the surface-based method were then compared to the corrections of cone beam computed tomography alignment which was considered as gold standard. A practical Catalyst setup error was calculated between the translational deviations of the surface scanner and the laser positioning. Two one-sided t tests for equivalence were used for statistical analysis. Results: Data analysis revealed total deviations of 0.09 mm ± 2.03 mm for the lateral axis, 0.07 mm ± 3.21 mm for the longitudinal axis, and 0.44 mm ± 3.08 mm vertical axis for the Catalyst system, compared to −0.06 ± 3.54 mm lateral, 0.53 ± 3.47 mm longitudinal, and 0.19 ± 3.49 mm vertical for the laser positioning compared to cone beam computed tomography. The lowest positional deviations were found in the cranial region, and larger deviations occurred in the thoracic and abdominal sites. A statistical comparison using 2 one-sided t tests showed a general concordance of the 2 methods ( P ≤ 0.036), excluding the vertical direction of the abdominal region ( P = 0.198). Conclusion: The optical surface scanner Catalyst HD is a reliable and feasible patient positioning system without any additional radiation exposure. From the head to the thoracic and abdominal region, a decrease in accuracy was observed within a comparable range for Catalyst and laser-assisted positioning.
Using Density-distribution Sunflower Plots to Explore Bivariate Relationships in Dense Data
Authors: Dupont William D. , Plummer W. Dale 
Published: November 2018

Density-distribution sunflower plots are used to display high-density bivariate data. They are useful for data where a conventional scatterplot is difficult to read due to overstriking of the plot symbol. The x–y plane is subdivided into a lattice of small, regular, hexagonal bins. These bins are divided into low-, medium-, and high-density groups. In low-density bins, the individual observations are plotted as in a conventional scatterplot. Medium- and high-density bins contain light and dark sunflowers, respectively. In a light sunflower, each petal represents one observation. In a dark sunflower, each petal represents a specific number of observations. The user can control the sizes and colors of the sunflowers. By selecting appropriate colors and sizes for the light and dark sunflowers, plots can be obtained that give both the overall sense of the data-density distribution, as well as the number of data points in any given region. Sunflower plots are also contrasted with contour plots of bivariate kernel-density estimates. The appearance of these plots is markedly affected by the choice of smoothing parameters and the spacing of points at which the probability density function is evaluated. Sunflower plots can be helpful in guiding the selection of these parameters and in distinguishing between chance and systematic variation in the distribution of bivariate data.