bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic Health Record Alert to Promote Adoption of Limited Transthoracic Echocardiograms in Primary Care and Cardiology Clinics: A Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: Kalwani Neil M. , Kling Samantha M.R. , Vilendrer Stacie , Garvert Donn W. , Veruttipong Darlene , Baratta Juliana , Saliba-Gustafsson Erika A. , Levin Eleanor , Gaspar Cindie , Brown-Johnson Cati G. , Tsai Sandra A. , Winget Marcy 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
A limited transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) can be an appropriate, lower-cost substitute for a full TTE. We assessed the impact of an electronic health record alternative alert promoting the adoption of limited TTEs on the ordering practices of cardiology clinicians and primary care providers and captured their perspectives on the initiative.

METHODS:
The alert was deployed in a cardiology clinic and 4 primary care clinics at an academic medical center. The alert provided clinical guidance on the appropriate use of limited TTEs when a clinician selected a full TTE order. We used logistic regression to estimate the change in the proportion of limited versus full TTEs ordered between the baseline and intervention periods in clinics with and without the alert. We also conducted interviews with 24 clinicians (5 cardiologists and 19 primary care providers) to identify implementation barriers and facilitators.

RESULTS:

Cardiology clinicians ordered 10 654 and 3761 TTEs during the baseline and intervention periods, respectively, for 9100 patients. Primary care providers ordered 723 and 617 TTEs during the baseline and intervention periods for 1273 patients. The model estimated that the percentage of limited TTEs ordered increased by 16.1±2.3 percentage points (
P
<0.0001) in the cardiology clinic with the alert and by 13.2±1.5 percentage points (
P
<0.0001) in the primary care clinics with the alert from baseline to post-intervention. Ordering practices did not change in the cardiology (0.7±0.6 percentage points;
P
=0.24) or primary care (0.7±1.0 percentage points;
P
=0.52) clinics without the alert. Clinicians viewed the alert as acceptable. Cardiologists appreciated that the alert was concise, whereas primary care providers wanted more information from the alert.

CONCLUSIONS:
An alternative alert providing clinical guidance on the use of limited TTEs at the point of care increased the selection of this lower-cost test in cardiology and primary care clinics. Perspectives on the alert differed between specialists and nonspecialists, highlighting the importance of tailoring intervention design to clinical expertise.
Stem, prefix or prefixoid?
Authors: Marinis Michail I. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, I parameterize the five tests proposed by Stevens (2005) for characterizing an element as an affixoid and formulate ten criteria for prefixation. Using these criteria, I analyze the morphological status of the initial components of Modern Greek words beginning with pale- and paʎo-. Contrary to Giannoulopoulou’s (1999) analysis of paleo- as a “confix” and paʎo- as a “stem”, I argue that pale- is a stem that has two allomorphic realizations: pale~paʎ. pale- is marked as [+learnèd] and paʎ- as [-learnèd]. While paʎo- historically derives from pale-, it has acquired a distinct morphological status and should now be considered a prefixoid. The ten criteria I present could serve as a model for determining the morphological status of initial elements in other Greek morphological structures and potentially in other languages where this status is ambiguous. Finally, I propose that prefixation in Greek differs from that in word-based languages. In Greek, prefixation is not a case of morphologization; rather, prefixes originate in and remain confined to the morphological domain.
Computational valency lexica and Homeric formularity
Authors: McGillivray Barbara , Rodda Martina Astrid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The wider availability of large-scale datasets and reproducible algorithms has boosted the application of NLP to living languages. On the other hand, dead languages benefit from the availability of curated resources both to offset the sparseness of available data and to make data accessible to researchers. We present here AGVaLex, a computational valency lexicon automatically extracted from the Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank. It contains quantitative corpus-driven morphological, syntactic and lexical information about verbs and their direct and indirect arguments and has a wide range of applications for the study of Ancient Greek. To illustrate these applications, we offer a case study that compares the semantic flexibility of transitive verb formulae in archaic Greek epic to a non-formulaic corpus, with the goal of detecting unique patterns of variation. We also illustrate the possibilities afforded by AGVaLex to scholars with a less extensive background in computational corpus-based research.
The impact of insubordination on the history of Greek
Authors: la Roi Ezra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, I trace the impact of insubordination and semi-insubordination on the history of Greek, focusing on its impact on the modal system used to express speech acts. Starting from the cross-linguistic connections of insubordinate and semi-insubordinate ἵνα and να constructions with those found in other languages, I show that ἵνα only had subordinate usages in Classical Greek (including in dyadic syntactic contexts), but developed insubordinate usages for directive and wish speech acts in Post-Classical Greek. In Medieval Greek, insubordinate να spreads pragmatically to other speech acts, e.g. to exclamatives, interrogatives and various assertives (e.g. counterfactual apodoses or double negative declaratives). In Modern Greek, insubordinate να has obtained novel usages in interrogative speech acts too and gained paradigmatic strength as it competes with the imperative and the future. Semi-insubordinate patterns are first developed in Medieval Greek (with ἴσως νὰ + main verb) but spread formally and functionally to other parts of the modal system, expressing epistemic possibility, probability, counterfactuality and avertives.
Extending Tactile Space With Handheld Tools: A Re-Analysis and Review
Authors: Miller Luke E. , Farnè Alessandro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Tools can extend the sense of touch beyond the body, allowing the user to extract sensory information about distal objects in their environment. Though research on this topic has trickled in over the last few decades, little is known about the neurocomputational mechanisms of extended touch. In 2016, along with our late collaborator Vincent Hayward, we began a series of studies that attempted to fill this gap. We specifically focused on the ability to localize touch on the surface of a rod, as if it were part of the body. We have conducted eight behavioral experiments over the last several years, all of which have found that humans are incredibly accurate at tool-extended tactile localization. In the present article, we perform a model-driven re-analysis of these findings with an eye toward estimating the underlying parameters that map sensory input into spatial perception. This re-analysis revealed that users can almost perfectly localize touch on handheld tools. This raises the question of how humans can be so good at localizing touch on an inert noncorporeal object. The remainder of the paper focuses on three aspects of this process that occupied much of our collaboration with Vincent: the mechanical information used by participants for localization; the speed by which the nervous system can transform this information into a spatial percept; and whether body-based computations are repurposed for tool-extended touch. In all, these studies underscore the special relationship between bodies and tools.
Gains from Contractualization: Evidence from Labor Regulations on Chinese Workers
Authors: Gao Qin , Riviere Candice Yandam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The 2008 Labor Contract Law of China stipulates that all employment relationships must be covered by a written labor contract. This regulation considerably strengthened employment protection for workers. Using a unique longitudinal dataset, the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (2012, 2014, and 2016 waves), this article estimates the impact of the formal contractualization of labor relations on workers’ labor market outcomes, social insurance participation, and job satisfaction. We find that obtaining a labor contract was strongly associated with an increase in salary, a decrease in working overtime hours, and greater participation in unemployment and pension insurances. In terms of job satisfaction, workers who obtained a labor contract reported being less satisfied with their workplace environment and income than they had anticipated. This is not to suggest that workers are not benefiting from the law. Instead, it suggests that workers had higher expectations from benefits gained through contractualization than what they derived.
Policy Framing, Social Networks, and Teacher Perspectives in a Technology Rollout
Authors: Hashim Ayesha K. , Kearney Caitlin E. 
Published: November 2024

Drawing on theories of framing and social networks, we examine how educators define policy goals in a technology rollout, and how this framing process shapes teacher attitudes for technology. We analyzed social network data and 37 interviews with district leaders, digital learning coaches, and school staff from six elementary schools in a mid-sized district in California. These data suggest that school leaders and teachers re-framed district reform messages in different ways depending on the density of dialogue in their networks and who had social influence. These framings supported teacher motivation for using technology in ways that aligned to or built upon the district's instructional goals, or prompted teachers to resist change and/or make compliance-oriented and superficial shifts in their practice. We argue that district leaders should attend to school context when implementing technology rollouts and proactively engage school actors to define the goals of technology. We caution that technology rollouts demand sudden and intensive shifts in teacher work roles and can foster resistance to change without adequate time and support. Purpose: We examine how educators define policy goals in a technology rollout and how framing shapes teacher attitudes for using technology. Research methods: We situate our study in a California district that distributed tablets and laptops to support online-enabled instruction and assessment under the Common Core State Standards. Drawing on framing and social network theories, we analyzed social network data and 37 interviews with district leaders, digital learning coaches, and school staff from six elementary schools in the 2014–15 school year to describe how school actors framed the purpose of technology and expectations for instructional change across school networks. Findings: School leaders and teachers re-framed reform messages from the district central office in distinct ways depending on their social networks. We observed framings that motivated teacher engagement with the technology rollout in schools with denser social networks and where influence was shared with district actors such as digital learning coaches. Teachers in these networks had better access to information and instructional support. We found compliance, superficial, and rival framings of technology in schools with less dense social networks and where teachers solely exercised influence. Teachers in these networks had limited access to information and instructional support. Implications: Our findings suggest that district leaders should attend to school context when implementing technology rollouts. Technology rollouts require sudden and intensive shifts in teacher work roles and can foster resistance without adequate support. School leaders and teachers may need time to build the knowledge, skills, and experience needed to engage in productive framing about technology and instruction.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate causes HK-2 cell injury through ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways
Authors: Yan Shuqi , Ma Haoyan , Ren Yuwan , Wang Pingwei , Liu Dongge , Ding Na , Liu Yanping , Chen Qianqian , Ren Shuping , Mou Yan 
Published: November 2024

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a synthetic persistent organic compound that is widely used in industrial products. Studies have shown that PFOS can accumulate in environment and pose a threat to human health. As the kidney is the main excretory organ for PFOS, it is important to study PFOS damage to the kidney to investigate its toxicity. Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were treated with 200 μM PFOS or 1 μM Fer-1. Cell viability, the levels of MDA, GSH, intracellular iron ion, and GPX-4 were determined. The expression of KIM-1 and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related proteins were determined. The expression levels of KIM-1, a marker of renal tubular injury, and ERS-related proteins, GRP78, ATF6, IRE1, and PERK, were significantly increased in HK-2 cells exposed to PFOS. The levels of MDA and intracellular total iron ion also were significantly increased in HK-2 cells exposed to PFOS and the levels of GSH and GPX-4 were significantly decreased. PFOS can damage HK-2 cells through ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which provides a theoretical foundation for exploring the toxicity of PFOS to the kidney.
The long-term results of treating radial neck fractures in children with the Metaizeau technique
Authors: Kanar Muharrem , Sülek Yusuf , Gök Bilal , Demirhan Abdurrahman , Samedov Ferid , Balkanlı Bahadır 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Radial neck fractures in children are rare, representing less than 1% of all pediatric fractures. While conservative treatments are often sufficient, displaced fractures may require closed or open reduction. The Metaizeau technique is widely accepted for closed reduction and internal fixation. This study aims to assess the long-term functional and radiological outcomes of this technique and identify any complications that may arise. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 22 pediatric patients treated with the Metaizeau technique for proximal radius fractures between 2005 and 2018. Data on demographics, preoperative radiographs, and postoperative complications were reviewed. Outcomes were evaluated using radiographic and functional measures, including grip strength, the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), and the Tibone and Stolz classification. Results: The mean age at the time of injury was 9.9 years, with a mean follow-up period of 139 months (range: 72–213 months). Patients were classified as Judet type 3 ( n = 9), type 4a ( n = 9), or type 4b ( n = 4). The functional outcomes showed a mean MEPS score of 99 (range: 90–100), with 86% of patients achieving excellent results according to the Tibone and Stolz classification. Excellent outcomes were recorded in 100% of type 3, 77.7% of type 4a, and 75% of type 4b cases. Documented complications included one case of radioulnar synostosis and two cases of heterotopic ossification. Conclusions: The Metaizeau technique represents an efficacious treatment option for pediatric radial neck fractures, offering favorable long-term functional and radiological outcomes with a low complication rate. Long-term follow-up data further support the reliability of this technique. Types of Studies: Level IV.
Leveraging large-scale multi-omics evidences to identify therapeutic targets from genome-wide association studies
Authors: Lessard Samuel , Chao Michael , Reis Kadri ,   FinnGen,   Estonian Biobank Research Team, Beauvais Mathieu , Rajpal Deepak K. , Sloane Jennifer , Palta Priit , Klinger Katherine , de Rinaldis Emanuele , Shameer Khader , Chatelain Clément 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Therapeutic targets supported by genetic evidence from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) show higher probability of success in clinical trials. GWAS is a powerful approach to identify links between genetic variants and phenotypic variation; however, identifying the genes driving associations identified in GWAS remains challenging. Integration of molecular quantitative trait loci (molQTL) such as expression QTL (eQTL) using mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses can help with the identification of causal genes. Careful interpretation remains warranted because eQTL can affect the expression of multiple genes within the same locus.

Methods
We used a combination of genomic features that include variant annotation, activity-by-contact maps, MR, and colocalization with molQTL to prioritize causal genes across 4,611 disease GWAS and meta-analyses from biobank studies, namely FinnGen, Estonian Biobank and UK Biobank.

Results
Genes identified using this approach are enriched for gold standard causal genes and capture known biological links between disease genetics and biology. In addition, we find that eQTL colocalizing with GWAS are statistically enriched for corresponding disease-relevant tissues. We show that predicted directionality from MR is generally consistent with matched drug mechanism of actions (> 85% for approved drugs). Compared to the nearest gene mapping method, genes supported by multi-omics evidences displayed higher enrichment in approved therapeutic targets (risk ratio 1.75 vs. 2.58 for genes with the highest level of support). Finally, using this approach, we detected anassociation between the IL6 receptor signal transduction gene IL6ST and polymyalgia rheumatica, an indication for which sarilumab, a monoclonal antibody against IL-6, has been recently approved.

Conclusions
Combining variant annotation, activity-by-contact maps, and molQTL increases performance to identify causal genes, while informing on directionality which can be translated to successful target identification and drug development.
New genomic resources inform transcriptomic responses to heavy metal toxins in the common Eastern bumble bee Bombus impatiens
Authors: Toth Amy L. , Wyatt Christopher D. R. , Masonbrink Rick E. , Geist Katherine S. , Fortune Ryan , Scott Sarah B. , Favreau Emeline , Rehan Sandra M. , Sumner Seirian , Gardiner Mary M. , Sivakoff Frances S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The common Eastern bumble bee Bombus impatiens is native to North America and is the main commercially reared pollinator in the Americas. There has been extensive research on this species related to its social biology, applied pollination, and genetics. The genome of this species was previously sequenced using short-read technology, but recent technological advances provide an opportunity for substantial improvements. This species is common in agricultural and urban environments, and heavy metal contaminants produced by industrial processes can negatively impact it. To begin to identify possible mechanisms underlying responses to these toxins, we used RNA-sequencing to examine how exposure to a cocktail of four heavy metals at field-realistic levels from industrial areas affected B. impatiens worker gene expression.

Results
PacBio long-read sequencing resulted in 544x coverage of the genome, and HiC technology was used to map chromatin contacts. Using Juicer and manual curation, the genome was scaffolded into 18 main pseudomolecules, representing a high quality, chromosome-level assembly. The sequenced genome size is 266.6 Mb and BRAKER3 annotation produced 13,938 annotated genes. The genome and annotation show high completeness, with ≥ 96% of conserved Eukaryota and Hymenoptera genes present in both the assembly and annotated genes. RNA sequencing of heavy metal exposed workers revealed 603 brain and 34 fat body differentially expressed genes. In the brain, differentially expressed genes had biological functions related to chaperone activity and protein folding.

Conclusions
Our data represent a large improvement in genomic resources for this important model species—with 10% more genome coverage than previously available, and a high-quality assembly into 18 chromosomes, the expected karyotype for this species. The new gene annotation added 777 new genes. Altered gene expression in response to heavy metal exposure suggests a possible mechanism for how these urban toxins are negatively impacting bee health, specifically by altering protein folding in the brain. Overall, these data are useful as a general high quality genomic resource for this species, and provide insight into mechanisms underlying tissue-specific toxicological responses of bumble bees to heavy metals.
Age of tobacco, nicotine and cannabis use initiation in Switzerland: a sequence analysis among adolescents and young adults
Authors: Fernandes Diana , Chok Lorraine , Cros Jérémy , Lebon Luc , Zurcher Karin , Dubuis Alexandre , Berthouzoz Cathy , Berchtold André , Barrense-Dias Yara 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY
Background
To explore at what age youth start using tobacco and/or nicotine products, which product is used first, product initiation sequences, and whether some socio-demographic characteristics are associated with substance use initiation.

Methods
Data were collected from an online questionnaire disseminated through social media and professional partners, targeting youth aged 14–25 in French-speaking Switzerland in August 2022. The final sample included 1362 participants. Respondents were asked whether they had already used cigarettes, e-cigarettes, hookah, snus, or cannabis at least once in their life (yes/no) and the age of the first time was asked for each substance when the answer was positive. Additionally, participants were asked about their substance use in the past 30 days. Respondents were classified according to age at onset of each tobacco/nicotine and cannabis product, and comparisons were made based on sociodemographic variables, including gender (cisgender female/cisgender male/transgender), perceived socioeconomic status (below average/average/above average), and age.

Results
Overall, in addition to those who reported no consumption, four distinct initiation profiles emerged from the classification. Cigarettes remain the most commonly used first product with an average age of 15.7 years. While cigarettes and hookah are present in all profiles, the order of first consumption varies from one profile to another, with cigarettes coming first in two profiles, hookah in one and e-cigarettes in the last. Furthermore, while the most common profile contains experimental consumption of the five products considered, some profiles do not contain cannabis, e-cigarettes and/or snus, for example. When divided by age groups, both 14-17-year-olds and 18-21-year-olds reported cigarette as their first product of initiation. Across the separate age groups (14–17, 18–21, 22–25), cigarettes consistently emerge as the primary used on average.

Conclusions
Cigarettes remain the first product to be used, but the younger the respondents, the earlier they start using e-cigarettes, and very close to cigarettes. Regarding current consumption patterns, e-cigarettes are becoming increasingly prominent.