bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Precipitation on Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes in Desert‐Grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhao Xueyong , Zuo Xiaoan , Qu Hao , Degen A. Allan , Luo Yayong , Ma Xujun , Chen Min , Liu Liangxu , Chen Juanli 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe frequency and amount of precipitation exert profound impacts on plants and the soil subsystem in dryland ecosystems. To quantitatively assess the effect of precipitation on ecosystem carbon fluxes during the growing season, a field experiment was carried out in a native desert‐grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia to determine the dynamics of ecosystem carbon fluxes along a precipitation gradient (−60%, −40%, −20%, CK, +20%, +40%, and +60%; CK is natural precipitation). The net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) exhibited a single peak, whereas ecosystem respiration (Reco) exhibited a bimodal peak across all precipitation treatments. Reco reached its highest value at the beginning of August, whereas NEP and GEP reached their highest values at the end of August. Mean values of carbon fluxes increased with an increase in precipitation (from NEP: 0.06 μmol · m−2 · s−1, Reco: 0.37 μmol · m−2 · s−1, GEP: 0.42 μmol · m−2 · s−1 at −60% to NEP: 1.25 μmol · m−2 · s−1, Reco: 0.93 μmol · m−2 · s−1, and GEP: 2.18 μmol · m−2 · s−1 at +60%). Increased precipitation stimulated GEP more so than Reco during the growing season, resulting in an enhanced NEP, and decreased precipitation reduced GEP more so than Reco, leading to a reduced NEP. We concluded that the carbon sequestration capacity was enhanced by increased precipitation in the desert‐grassland ecosystem.
Variations of Lake Ice Phenology on the Tibetan Plateau From 2001 to 2017 Based on MODIS Data
Authors: Cai Yu , Ke Chang‐Qing , Li Xingong , Zhang Guoqing , Duan Zheng , Lee Hoonyol 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLake ice is a robust indicator of climate change. The availability of information contained in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer daily snow products from 2000 to 2017 could be greatly improved after cloud removal by gap filling. Thresholds based on open water pixel numbers are used to extract the freezeup start and breakup end dates for 58 lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP); 18 lakes are also selected to extract the freezeup end and breakup start dates. The lake ice durations are further calculated based on freezeup and breakup dates. Lakes on the TP begin to freezeup in late October and all the lakes start the ice cover period in mid‐January of the following year. In late March, some lakes begin to break up, and all the lakes end the ice cover period in early July. Generally, the lakes in the northern Inner‐TP have earlier freezeup dates and later breakup dates (i.e., longer ice cover durations) than those in the southern Inner‐TP. Over 17 years, the mean ice cover duration of 58 lakes is 157.78 days, 18 (31%) lakes have a mean extending rate of 1.11 day/year, and 40 (69%) lakes have a mean shortening rate of 0.80 day/year. Geographical location and climate conditions determine the spatial heterogeneity of the lake ice phenology, especially the ones of breakup dates, while the physico‐chemical characteristics mainly affect the freezeup dates of the lake ice in this study. Ice cover duration is affected by both climatic and lake specific physico‐chemical factors, which can reflect the climatic and environmental change for lakes on the TP.
The mitochondrial type IB topoisomerase drives mitochondrial translation and carcinogenesis
Authors: Baechler S. A. , Factor V. M. , Dalla Rosa I. , Ravji A. , Becker D. , Khiati S. , Miller Jenkins L. M. , Lang M. , Sourbier C. , Michaels S. A. , Neckers L. M. , Zhang H. L. , Spinazzola A. , Huang S. N. , Marquardt J. U. , Pommier Y. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMitochondrial topoisomerase IB (TOP1MT) is a nuclear-encoded topoisomerase, exclusively localized to mitochondria, which resolves topological stress generated during mtDNA replication and transcription. Here, we report that TOP1MT is overexpressed in cancer tissues and demonstrate that TOP1MT deficiency attenuates tumor growth in human and mouse models of colon and liver cancer. Due to their mitochondrial dysfunction, TOP1MT-KO cells become addicted to glycolysis, which limits synthetic building blocks and energy supply required for the proliferation of cancer cells in a nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, we show that TOP1MT associates with mitoribosomal subunits, ensuring optimal mitochondrial translation and assembly of oxidative phosphorylation complexes that are critical for sustaining tumor growth. The TOP1MT genomic signature profile, based on Top1mt-KO liver cancers, is correlated with enhanced survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Our results highlight the importance of TOP1MT for tumor development, providing a potential rationale to develop TOP1MT-targeted drugs as anticancer therapies.
A tumor-specific endogenous repetitive element is induced by herpesviruses
Authors: Nogalski Maciej T. , Solovyov Alexander , Kulkarni Anupriya S. , Desai Niyati , Oberstein Adam , Levine Arnold J. , Ting David T. , Shenk Thomas , Greenbaum Benjamin D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTandem satellite repeats account for 3% of the human genome. One of them, Human Satellite II (HSATII), is highly expressed in several epithelial cancers and cancer cell lines. Here we report an acute induction of HSATII RNA in human cells infected with two herpes viruses. We show that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) IE1 and IE2 proteins cooperate to induce HSATII RNA affecting several aspects of the HCMV replication cycle, viral titers and infected-cell processes. HSATII RNA expression in tissue from two chronic HCMV colitis patients correlates with the strength of CMV antigen staining. Thus, endogenous HSATII RNA synthesis after herpesvirus infections appears to have functionally important consequences for viral replication and may provide a novel insight into viral pathogenesis. The HSATII induction seen in both infected and cancer cells suggests possible convergence upon common HSATII-based regulatory mechanisms in these seemingly disparate diseases.
Electrochemically activated spinel manganese oxide for rechargeable aqueous aluminum battery
Authors: Wu Chuan , Gu Sichen , Zhang Qinghua , Bai Ying , Li Matthew , Yuan Yifei , Wang Huali , Liu Xinyu , Yuan Yanxia , Zhu Na , Wu Feng , Li Hong , Gu Lin , Lu Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAluminum is a naturally abundant, trivalent charge carrier with high theoretical specific capacity and volumetric energy density, rendering aluminum-ion batteries a technology of choice for future large-scale energy storage. However, the frequent collapse of the host structure of the cathode materials and sluggish kinetics of aluminum ion diffusion have thus far hampered the realization of practical battery devices. Here, we synthesize AlxMnO2·nH2O by an in-situ electrochemical transformation reaction to be used as a cathode material for an aluminum-ion battery with a configuration of Al/Al(OTF)3-H2O/AlxMnO2·nH2O. This cell is not only based on aqueous electrolyte chemistry but also delivers a high specific capacity of 467 mAh g−1 and a record high energy density of 481 Wh kg−1. The high safety of aqueous electrolyte, facile cell assembly and the low cost of materials suggest that this aqueous aluminum-ion battery holds promise for large-scale energy applications.
Fecal pollution can explain antibiotic resistance gene abundances in anthropogenically impacted environments
Authors: Karkman Antti , Pärnänen Katariina , Larsson D. G. Joakim 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDischarge of treated sewage leads to release of antibiotic resistant bacteria, resistance genes and antibiotic residues to the environment. However, it is unclear whether increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in sewage and sewage-impacted environments is due to on-site selection pressure by residual antibiotics, or is simply a result of fecal contamination with resistant bacteria. Here we analyze relative resistance gene abundance and accompanying extent of fecal pollution in publicly available metagenomic data, using crAssphage sequences as a marker of human fecal contamination (crAssphage is a bacteriophage that is exceptionally abundant in, and specific to, human feces). We find that the presence of resistance genes can largely be explained by fecal pollution, with no clear signs of selection in the environment, with the exception of environments polluted by very high levels of antibiotics from manufacturing, where selection is evident. Our results demonstrate the necessity to take into account fecal pollution levels to avoid making erroneous assumptions regarding environmental selection of antibiotic resistance.
Sorting nexin 27 rescues neuroligin 2 from lysosomal degradation to control inhibitory synapse number
Authors: Binda Caroline S. , Nakamura Yasuko , Henley Jeremy M. , Wilkinson Kevin A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Retromer is an evolutionarily conserved endosomal trafficking complex that mediates the retrieval of cargo proteins from a degradative pathway for sorting back to the cell surface. To promote cargo recycling, the core retromer trimer of VPS (vacuolar protein sorting)26, VPS29 and VPS35 recognises cargo either directly, or through an adaptor protein, the most well characterised of which is the PDZ [postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), disk large, zona occludens] domain-containing sorting nexin SNX27. Neuroligins (NLGs) are postsynaptic trans-synaptic scaffold proteins that function in the clustering of postsynaptic proteins to maintain synaptic stability. Here, we show that each of the NLGs (NLG1–3) bind to SNX27 in a direct PDZ ligand-dependent manner. Depletion of SNX27 from neurons leads to a decrease in levels of each NLG protein and, for NLG2, this occurs as a result of enhanced lysosomal degradation. Notably, while depletion of the core retromer component VPS35 leads to a decrease in NLG1 and NLG3 levels, NLG2 is unaffected, suggesting that, for this cargo, SNX27 acts independently of retromer. Consistent with loss of SNX27 leading to enhanced lysosomal degradation of NLG2, knockdown of SNX27 results in fewer NLG2 clusters in cultured neurons, and loss of SNX27 or VPS35 reduces the size and number of gephyrin clusters. Together, these data indicate that NLGs are SNX27–retromer cargoes and suggest that SNX27–retromer controls inhibitory synapse number, at least in part through trafficking of NLG2.
Silencing of type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β stabilizes prostate apoptosis response-4 and induces apoptosis in cancer cells
Authors: Chaudhry Sonica , Joshi Vibhor , Bojjireddy Naveen , Thoh Maikho , Sandur Santosh K. , Subrahmanyam Gosukonda 
Published: January 2019

AbstractType II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β (PtdIns 4-kinase II β) is an enigma among the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase family. The role of PtdIns 4-kinase II β in MCF-7 cells was addressed with the help of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA transfection increased pan-caspase activity and induced apoptosis in cancerous MCF-7 cells. Non-cancerous MCF-10A cells were resistant to PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA-induced apoptosis. Caspase 8 and 9 inhibitors rescued MCF-7 cells from apoptosis. Shotgun proteomic studies with Flag-tagged PtdIns 4-kinase II β immunoprecipitates showed tumor suppressor prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) as one of the interacting proteins in HEK293 cells. In reciprocal experiments, Par-4 antibodies co-precipitated PtdIns 4-kinase II β from MCF-7 cells. Deletion of membrane localization motif (ΔCCPCC) or a mutation in ATP-binding region (D304A) of PtdIns 4-kinase II β did not affect its interaction with Par-4. Pull-down assays with GST-PtdIns 4-kinase II β-truncated mutants showed that the region between 101 and 215 amino acid residues is essential for interaction with Par-4. At molecular level, PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA transfection increased Par-4 stability, its nuclear localization and inhibition of NF-κB binding to target DNA. Knocking down of Par-4 with siRNA (small interfering RNA) rescued MCF-7 cells from PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that PtdIns 4-kinase II β may be a novel regulator of Par-4 through protein–protein interactions. These studies have potential implications in cancer therapy.
Internal model control for the AMB high‐speed flywheel rotor system based on modal separation and inverse system method
Authors: Chen Liangliang , Zhu Changsheng , Zhong Zhixian , Sun Min , Zhao Wenlong 
Published: January 2019

To eliminate the influence of gyroscopic effect on system stability and to improve the control performances for the active magnetic bearing (AMB) high‐speed flywheel rotor system, a novel control strategy based on the modal separation and inverse system method is proposed. The translational motions and rotational motions of the AMB flywheel rotor system are firstly decoupled by the modal separation, then the rotational motions are decoupled by the inverse system method, so that the AMB flywheel rotor system, which is a multivariable and strong coupled system, is decoupled into four subsystems. Finally, the subsystems are regulated by four two‐degrees‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF) internal model controllers, respectively. Furthermore, the stability, tracking and robustness of the novel control strategy are analysed theoretically, and its effectiveness on vibration control of the AMB high‐speed flywheel rotor system is further investigated by simulations and experiments. The results show that the novel control strategy can achieve stable suspension and effectively suppress the vibration of the AMB high‐speed flywheel rotor system from static state to 24,000 rpm, with the advantages of high stability, strong robustness, and good performances of tracking and disturbance rejection simultaneously.
Laboratory spectroscopic study of the 15N isotopomers of cyanamide, H2NCN, and a search for them toward IRAS 16293−2422 B
Authors: Coutens Audrey , Zakharenko Olena , Lewen Frank , Jørgensen Jes K. , Schlemmer Stephan , Müller Holger S. P. 
Published: January 2019

Context. Cyanamide is one of the few interstellar molecules containing two chemically different N atoms. It was detected recently toward the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293−2422 B together with H2N13CN and HDNCN in the course of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS). The detection of the 15N isotopomers or the determination of upper limits to their column densities was hampered by the lack of accurate laboratory data at the frequencies of the survey.
Aims. We wanted to determine spectroscopic parameters of the 15N isotopomers of cyanamide that are accurate enough for predictions well into the submillimeter region and to search for them in the PILS data.
Methods. We investigated the laboratory rotational spectra of H215NCN and H2NC15N in the selected region between 192 and 507 GHz employing a cyanamide sample in natural isotopic composition. Additionally, we recorded transitions of H2N13CN.
Results. We obtained new or improved spectroscopic parameters for the three isotopic species. Neither of the 15N isotopomers of cyanamide were detected unambiguously in the PILS data. Two relatively clean lines can be tentatively assigned to H215NCN. If confirmed, their column densities would imply a low 14N/15N ratio for cyanamide toward this source.
Conclusions. The resulting line lists should be accurate enough for observations up to about 1 THz. More sensitive observations, potentially at different frequencies, may eventually lead to the astronomical detection of these isotopic species.
The effect of photo-documentation of the ampulla on neoplasm detection rate during esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Park Jae , Lim Chul-Hyun , Cho Yu , Lee Bo-In , Cho Young-Seok , Song Ho , Choi Myung-Gyu 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background A few studies have investigated quality indicators of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for identifying upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy. The current study aimed to evaluate whether the rate of ampulla photo-documentation could be associated with the detection of upper GI neoplasms.
Methods We used data from 111 962 asymptomatic patients who underwent EGD performed by 14 endoscopists at a health promotion center. The rate of ampulla photo-documentation was calculated by reviewing EGD photos archived during each endoscopist’s first year of working at the center. The detection of neoplasms during a 7-year period was investigated. We examined the association between the rate of ampulla photo-documentation and the rate of neoplasm detection.
Results The mean rate of ampulla photo-documentation was 49.0 % (range 13.7 % – 78.1 %) during endoscopists’ first year of working at the center. Endoscopists’ rates of ampulla photo-documentation significantly correlated with the detection of total neoplasms (R2 = 0.57, P = 0.03) and small neoplasms (R2 = 0.58, P = 0.03). There was a significant difference in the detection rates of upper GI neoplasms between high (n = 7) and low (n = 7) ampulla observers (odds ratio [OR] 1.31, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.03 – 1.68; P = 0.03). The ampulla photo-documentation rate of each endoscopist significantly correlated with the examination time for a normal EGD (R2 = 0.55; P = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, high ampulla photo-documentation rate was a predictor of neoplasm detection (OR 1.33, 95 %CI 1.03 – 1.70).
Conclusions The ampulla photo-documentation rate was significantly associated with the detection rate for both total and small upper GI neoplasms. Ampulla photo-documentation should be considered as a quality indicator of EGD.
Erfassung der Zufriedenheit mit dem Einsatz im Praktischen Jahr (Ma-FEZ-PJ) zur Qualitätssicherung der Lehre im Praktischen Jahr – Psychometrie eines Selbsteinschätzungsfragebogens
Authors: Schüttpelz-Brauns Katrin , Narciß Elisabeth , Giesler Marianne , Obertacke Udo 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ein Baustein zur Nachwuchsgewinnung in der Chirurgie ist die Optimierung des Praktischen Jahres (PJ). Ansatzpunkte hierfür kann man über eine standardisierte Evaluation der Ausbildungsabschnitte im PJ gewinnen. In dieser Studie soll der Evaluationsbogen „Mannheimer Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Zufriedenheit mit dem Einsatz im Praktischen Jahr (Ma-FEZ-PJ)“ einer Test- und Itemanalyse unterzogen werden. Zudem sollen erste Analysen zur Konstruktvalidität der beiden Skalen „PJ-Ausbildung“ und „Persönliche Einstellung“ durchgeführt werden. An einem konkreten Beispiel wird anschließend gezeigt, inwiefern der Ma-FEZ-PJ zur Optimierung des Praktischen Jahres eingesetzt werden kann.
Methoden 555 Medizinstudierende aus 8 PJ-Jahrgängen beurteilten ihre Einsätze im PJ mit dem Ma-FEZ-PJ. Es wurde die Reliabilität der beiden Skalen, sowie Itemkennwerte berechnet. Zur Überprüfung der Konstruktvalidität wurde folgendermaßen vorgegangen: Mit einem Item zur Erfassung der globalen Zufriedenheit sollte die konvergente Validität der Skala „PJ-Ausbildung“, welche die Ausbildungsbedingungen und die Zufriedenheit mit dem PJ erfasst, sowie die divergente Validität der Skala „Persönliche Einstellung“ überprüft werden. Der Vergleich von Gruppen, die die Pflichtfächer im PJ freiwillig oder nicht freiwillig absolvierten, sollte zeigen, ob die Skala „Persönliche Einstellung“ zwischen beiden differenzieren kann.
Ergebnisse Die Reliabilität der Skala „PJ-Ausbildung“ ist sehr gut, die der Skala „Persönliche Einstellung“ liegt im akzeptablen Bereich. Die Konstruktvalidität kann hinreichend bestätigt werden.
Diskussion Der Ma-FEZ-PJ kann als Instrument zur Evaluation der Ausbildungsbedingungen und der Zufriedenheit mit dem Einsatz im Praktischen Jahr verwendet werden. Durch Vergleiche mit anderen chirurgischen Abteilungen, orientierend auf Skalenebene und dann detailliert auf Einzelitemebene, lassen sich Defizite in der PJ-Ausbildung und Ansätze zur Optimierung identifizieren.
Interfacial fluid transport is a key to hydrogel bioadhesion
Authors: Michel Raphaël , Poirier Léna , van Poelvoorde Quentin , Legagneux Josette , Manassero Mathieu , Corté Laurent 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Bioadhesive hydrogels capable of sticking to living tissues are of utmost interest for better-integrated implants and less invasive surgical techniques. Nevertheless, adhesion is most difficult to achieve and control on the wet surface of internal tissues. This work demonstrates that fluid transport across the tissue−hydrogel interface governs the creation of adhesion. Through ex vivo experiments and a simple model, we capture how the onset of adhesion depends on a competition between draining and wetting of the interface. This coupling between adhesion and interfacial transport provides a potent key to improve the accuracy of adhesion tests and to enhance the bioadhesive performance of hydrogels. We illustrate this potential in vivo by using superabsorbent hydrogel membranes to make strong liver adhesives.
Philosophical orientations and theoretical frameworks in media effects
Authors: Chernov Gennadiy , McCombs Maxwell 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the philosophical orientations within which agenda setting operates, and agenda setting’s place within the broader framework of the media effects tradition, specifically in comparison with framing and priming. It also responds to earlier criticisms of agenda setting for its supposed lack of theoretical richness and narrowly understood underlying mechanisms.Both ontological and epistemological statuses of the agenda-setting theory are analyzed in order to place agenda setting into the communication discipline’s broader context. This paper demonstrates that the most important distinction between framing and agenda setting is that they are based on different ways of knowing. While the epistemological bases of priming are similar to the theory of agenda setting, the paper argues that further progress will depend not only on practical studies of different aspects of agenda setting, but also on theoretical and philosophical conceptualizations in the future.
Globalizing politeness?
Authors: Hultgren Anna Kristina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Call centres have grown exponentially since the early 1990s, effectively replacing face-to-face with telephonic and other types of mediated service provision (Holman et al. 2007; Income Data Services 2005). Drawing on observations, interviews and documentary data from offshore and onshore call centres in four national contexts, Scotland, Denmark, Hong Kong and the Philippines, this study analyses the speech style prescribed to call centre agents and finds that while there are some local adaptations, it is remarkably similar across all four locations. This appears to be the case even though the language of the service interaction varies across the locations. On the basis of these findings, it is argued that the upsurge of call centres – and more generally globalization – has led to a homogenization of service as linguistically constructed. The study argues for engagement with industry stakeholders to consider in greater depth cultural sensitivities and the extent to which this globally prescribed call centre speech style accords with local politeness conventions.
Intensification in online consumer reviews
Authors: Ren Wei 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study adds to the growing literature on online consumer reviews by analyzing intensification in Chinese online consumer reviews from a dataset of 355 user-generated online comments on the Kindle Paperwhite E-reader on Amazon China. The study first analyzes the usage and frequency of different types of intensification in reviews. The distribution of intensification devices is then investigated according to review valence (negative vs. positive). Since Chinese writing is based on characters rather than alphabets, some particular uses of Chinese intensification are identified and discussed. The study demonstrates that the exploration of intensification in Chinese online consumer reviews can enrich and provide further insights for research on this genre.