bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal trade-in and third-party collection authorization strategies under trade-in subsidy policy
Authors: Cao Kaiying , Bo Qiushi , He Yi 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to study whether the recycling of a third party competes with the trade-in service of a manufacturer, and explores the optimal trade-in and third-party collection authorization strategies for the manufacturer.

Design/methodology/approach
According to whether to authorize a third party to collect its used products, the manufacturer has two choices: one is not authorization (NA); the other is authorization (A). This paper uses profit-maximization model to investigate the optimal decisions of the manufacturer and the third party under NA and A, respectively, and then explores which choice is better for the manufacturer.

Findings
It is observed that there is a competition between trade-in service and third-party recycling when the durability parameter of the used product is relatively small. Moreover, when the durability parameter of the used product is relatively large, A is always better choice for the manufacturer; otherwise, NA is a better choice except for the case that the unit trade-in subsidy is low and the salvage of the used product is high.

Practical implications
These results provide managerial insights for the manufacturer and the third party to make decisions in the field of recycling.

Originality/value
This paper is among the first papers to study the competition between trade-in program and third party’s collecting program under government’s trade-in subsidy policy. Moreover, this paper presents the conditions under which the manufacturer should authorize or not authorize the third party to collect its used products.
Effect of post deposition annealing and post metallization annealing on electrical and structural characteristics of Pd/Al2O3/6H-SiC MIS capacitors
Authors: E. Papanasam , Kailath Binsu J. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Al2O3 used as gate dielectric enables exploitation of higher electric field capacity of SiC, improving capacitive coupling and memory retention in flash memories. Passivation of traps at interface and in bulk which causes serious threat is necessary for better performance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of post-deposition rapid thermal annealing (PDA) and post-metallization annealing (PMA) on the structural and electrical characteristics of Pd/Al2O3/6H-SiC capacitors.

Design/methodology/approach
Al2O3 film is deposited by ALD; PDA is performed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in N2 at 900°C for 1 min and PMA in forming gas for 10 and 40 min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements data are studied in addition to capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics for the fabricated Pd/Al2O3/SiC capacitors. Conduction mechanism contributing to the gate leakage current is extracted for the entire range of gate electric field.

Findings
RTA forms aluminum silicide at the interface causing an increase in the density of the interface states and gate leakage current for devices with an annealed film, when compared with an as-deposited film. One order improvement in leakage current has been observed for the devices with RTA, after subjecting to PMA for 40 min, compared with those devices for which PMA was carried out for 10 min. Whereas, no improvement in leakage current has been observed for the devices on as-deposited film, even after subjecting to PMA for 40 min. Conduction mechanisms contributing to gate leakage current are extracted for the investigated Al2O3/SiC capacitors and are found to be trapfilled limit process at low-field regions; trapassisted tunneling in the mid-field regions and Fowler–Nordheim (FN) tunneling are dominating in high-field regions.

Originality/value
The effect of PDA and PMA on the structural and electrical characteristics of Pd/Al2O3/SiC capacitors suitable for flash memory applications is investigated in this paper.
Finite element model updating of board-level electronic packages by factorial analysis and modal measurements
Authors: Gharaibeh Mohammad 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
One difficultly in building an effective finite element (FE) model of a board-level package is because of complex structure of the printed circuit board (PCB), as it contains copper layers, woven fabrics, plated-through holes and so forth. Therefore, it is often acceptable to obtain equivalent orthotropic material properties and use them in the simulation. This paper aims to provide a research methodology to produce equivalent FE models for board-level electronic packages.

Design/methodology/approach
In this methodology, the FE models’ data were correlated with experimental modal analysis results in terms of natural frequencies and mode shapes. Statistical factorial analysis was used to examine the electronic assembly material properties effect on the structure’s resonant frequencies. The equivalent material properties of the PCB were adjusted using the optimization tool available in ANSYS software for free boundary conditions. The equivalent FE model was then validated for the fixed boundary conditions.

Findings
The resultant FE models were in great match with the measured data in terms of resonant frequencies and mode shapes. The so-developed models can be further used in the analysis of the dynamic response of the electronic packages and solder interconnects.

Originality/value
The current approach provides a sophisticated research methodology to provide high-accuracy FE models of electronic assemblies subjected to vibration. The main value of this approach is to first test the effect of each material property on the package dynamic characteristics before starting the correlation process, then to automate the correlation algorithm using the built-in FE model updating feature available in ANSYS software.
Freeform additive manufacturing by vari-directional vari-dimensional material deposition
Authors: Tsao Che-Chih , Chang Ho-Hsin , Liu Meng-Hao , Chen Ho-Chia , Hsu Yun-Tang , Lin Pei-Ying , Chou Yih-Lin , Chao Ying-Chieh , Shen Yun-Hui , Huang Cheng-Yi , Chan Kai-Chiang , Chen Yi-Hung 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose and demonstrate a new additive manufacturing approach that breaks the layer-based point scanning limitations to increase fabrication speed, obtain better surface finish, achieve material flexibility and reduce equipment costs.

Design/methodology/approach
The freeform additive manufacturing approach conceptually views a 3D article as an assembly of freeform elements distributed spatially following a flexible 3D assembly structure, which conforms to the surface of the article and physically builds the article by sequentially forming the freeform elements by a vari-directional vari-dimensional capable material deposition mechanism. Vari-directional building along tangential directions of part surface gives surface smoothness. Vari-dimensional deposition maximizes material output to increase build rate wherever allowed and minimizes deposition sizes for resolution whenever needed.

Findings
Process steps based on geometric and data processing considerations were described. Dispensing and forming of basic vari-directional and vari-dimensional freeform elements and basic operations of joining them were developed using thermoplastics. Forming of 3D articles at build rates of 2-5 times the fused deposition modeling (FDM) rate was demonstrated and improvement over ten times was shown to be feasible. FDM compatible operations using 0.7 mm wire depositions from a variable exit-dispensing unit were demonstrated. Preliminary tests of a surface finishing process showed a result of 0.8-1.9 um Ra. Initial results of dispensing wax, tin alloy and steel were also shown.

Originality/value
This is the first time that both vari-directional and vari-dimensional material depositions are combined in a new freeform building method, which has potential impact on the FDM and other additive manufacturing methods.
Novel topological design of 3D Kagome structure for additive manufacturing
Authors: Wang Rong , Shang Jianzhong , Li Xin , Wang Zhuo , Luo Zirong 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present a new topology method in designing the lightweight and complex structures for 3D printing.

Design/methodology/approach
Computer-aided design (CAD) and topology design are the two main approaches for 3D truss lattices designing in 3D printing. Though these two ways have their own advantages and have been used by the researchers in different engineering situations, these two methods seem to be incompatible. A novel topology method is presented in this paper which can combine the merits of both CAD and topology design. It is generally based on adding materials to insufficient parts in a given structure so the resulting topology evolves toward an optimum.

Findings
By using the topology method, an optimized-Kagome structure is designed and both 3D original-Kagome structure and 3D optimized-Kagome structure are manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer with ABS and the compression tests results show that the 3D optimized-Kagome has a higher specific stiffness and strength than the original one.

Originality/value
The presented topology method is the first work that using the original structure-based topology algorithm other than a boundary condition-based topology algorithm for 3D printing lattice and it can be considered as general way to optimize a commonly used light-weight lattice structure in strength and stiffness.
The influence of a soldering manner on thermal properties of LED modules
Authors: Górecki Krzysztof , Dziurdzia Barbara , Ptak Przemyslaw 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present the results of the influence of a manner of soldering light emitting diodes (LEDs) to the metal core printed circuit board on thermal parameters of the module LED containing these diodes.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the authors’ elaborated measuring method and the dedicated measurement set-up, transient thermal impedances of LED modules, mounted using different soldering processes and mounted to the heat-sink with different values of the moment of force, are measured. The obtained results of measurements are discussed.

Findings
It was shown experimentally that the manner of soldering could strongly influence efficiency of dissipation of heat generated in the module. The best thermal properties were obtained for soldering using vapour phase technology with vacuum and paste LFS-216LT. It was also proved that the moment of force used while mounting the considered modules on the heat-sink can result in a change of the value of thermal resistance of this module exceeding even 12 per cent.

Research limitations/implications
The investigations were performed for five LED modules operating at one, arbitrarily selected value of power dissipated in these modules mounted on the heat-sink of arbitrarily selected dimensions.

Practical implications
The obtained results of measurements could be usable for designers of mounting processes of power LED modules.

Originality/value
This paper presents the results of investigations of thermal properties of LED modules, in which different techniques of soldering are used. It was shown experimentally that the manner of soldering could strongly influence efficiency of dissipation of heat generated in the module. It was also proved that the moment of force used while mounting the considered modules on the heat-sink is important.
Sustainability enhancement of corporate governance regime in India
Authors: Kansil Ruchi , Singh Archana 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThere is lack of research on key governance issues (KGIs) to expedite the sustainability of corporate governance reforms in the Indian context. The purpose of this paper is to formulate a list of KGIs that would help in sustainability enhancement of corporate governance regime in India vis-à-visother global counterparts.Design/methodology/approachFirst, governance issues have been identified after a thorough literature review and after taking opinion and suggestions of experts. Second, data have been collected through the questionnaire survey. Lastly, a model based on fuzzy set theory has been designed to identify the KGIs for the sustainability enhancement of corporate governance regime in the Indian context.FindingsFive KGIs have been identified in this study based on fuzzy set theory, namely, ownership structure of the companies, code of best practices of corporate governance, regulatory framework including monitoring institutions of the country, untrue independence of independent directors in decision-making and judiciary system of the country.Research limitations/implicationsThe KGIs identified for the Indian economy in this study can be a useful reference for the regulators and policymakers to fill the present quality gap and devise measures to curb noncompliance and or implementation of laws on the ground level.Practical implicationsThe KGIs identified for the Indian economy in this study can be a useful reference for the regulators and policymakers to fill the present quality gap and devise measures to curb noncompliance and/or implementation of laws on the ground level.Originality/valueThe novelty of this study stems from the fact that very few studies have assessed the perception of stakeholder’s about the current corporate regime in India. No study has identified KGIs.
Efficacy of low‐dose 5‐fluorouracil/cisplatin therapy for invasive extramammary Paget's disease
Authors: Kato Hiroshi , Watanabe Shoichi , Kariya Kiyonori , NAKAMURA Motoki , Morita Akimichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractExtramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is one of the cutaneous adenocarcinomas. The effective chemotherapy for advanced EMPD has not been established. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of combination 5‐fluorouracil (500 mg/body, 7 days/week) and cisplatin (5 mg/body 5 days/week) for invasive EMPD. Seventeen EMPD patients with multiple metastases who visited our dermatology clinic between October 2004 and May 2016 (mean age, 76.9 years; 10 men, seven women) were retrospectively analyzed. Eight EMPD patients underwent low‐dose 5‐fluorouracil/cisplatin therapy and nine patients chose best supportive care. The average number of treatment cycles was 12.3. All patients had a confirmed response, four (50%) showed a partial response, two (25%) stable disease and two progressive disease. The median times to progression‐free and overall survival were 25.0 and 77.4 weeks, respectively. There was no severe (grade 3 and 4) adverse event. Although not significant, the survival of the patients treated with low‐dose 5‐fluorouracil/cisplatin therapy showed a trend toward improved survival as compared with best supportive care (P = 0.08, log–rank test). This regimen had low risk and relatively high disease control rate, suggesting that this regimen be recommended as one of the treatment options for advanced EMPD.
Simulating Variation in Families’ Spending across Marketplace Plans
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Baik Seo Hyon , Zuvekas Samuel H. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo examine variations in premium and cost‐sharing across marketplace plans available to eligible families.Data Sources2011–2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), 2014 health plan data from healthcare.gov, and the 2011 Medicare Part D public formulary file.Study DesignWe identified a nationally representative cohort of individuals in the MEPS who would have been eligible for marketplace coverage. For each family, we simulated the total out‐of‐pocket payment (premium plus cost‐sharing) under each available plan in their county of residence, assuming their premarketplace use.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsConfidential state and county of residence identifiers were merged onto MEPS public use files and used to match MEPS families to the plans available in their county as reported in the publicly available data from healthcare.gov.Principal FindingsWe found substantial variation in total family health care spending, especially premium component, across marketplace plans. This is true even within a plan tier of the same minimum actuarial value, and for families eligible for subsidies. Variation among families with income below 250 percent of the FPL is larger than variation among families with higher income.ConclusionsOur simulations show substantial variations in net premium and out‐of‐pocket payments across marketplace plans, even within a plan tier.
Impact of controlled attenuation parameter on detecting fibrosis using liver stiffness measurement
Authors: Karlas T. , Petroff D. , Sasso M. , Fan J.‐G. , Mi Y.‐Q. , de Lédinghen V. , Kumar M. , Lupsor‐Platon M. , Han K.‐H. , Cardoso A. C. , Ferraioli G. , Chan W.‐K. , Wong V. W.‐S. , Myers R. P. , Chayama K. , Friedrich‐Rust M. , Beaugrand M. , Shen F. , Hiriart J.‐B. , Sarin S. K. , Badea R. , Lee H. W. , Marcellin P. , Filice C. , Mahadeva S. , Wong G. L.‐H. , Crotty P. , Masaki K. , Bojunga J. , Bedossa P. , Keim V. , Wiegand J. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundLiver fibrosis is often accompanied by steatosis, particularly in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its non‐invasive characterisation is of utmost importance. Vibration‐controlled transient elastography is the non‐invasive method of choice; however, recent research suggests that steatosis may influence its diagnostic performance. Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) added to transient elastography enables simultaneous assessment of steatosis and fibrosis.AimTo determine how to use CAP in interpreting liver stiffness measurements.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of data from an individual patient data meta‐analysis on CAP. The main exclusion criteria for the current analysis were unknown aetiology, unreliable elastography measurement and data already used for the same research question. Aetiology‐specific liver stiffness measurement cut‐offs were determined and used to estimate positive and negative predictive values (PPV/NPV) with logistic regression as functions of CAP.ResultsTwo thousand and fifty eight patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (37% women, 18% NAFLD/NASH, 42% HBV, 40% HCV, 51% significant fibrosis ≥ F2). Youden optimised cut‐offs were only sufficient for ruling out cirrhosis (NPV of 98%). With sensitivity and specificity‐optimised cut‐offs, NPV for ruling out significant fibrosis was moderate (70%) and could be improved slightly through consideration of CAP. PPV for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis were 68% and 55% respectively, despite specificity‐optimised cut‐offs for cirrhosis.ConclusionsLiver stiffness measurement values below aetiology‐specific cut‐offs are very useful for ruling out cirrhosis, and to a lesser extent for ruling out significant fibrosis. In the case of the latter, Controlled Attenuation Parameter can improve interpretation slightly. Even if cut‐offs are very high, liver stiffness measurements are not very reliable for ruling in fibrosis or cirrhosis.
Integrins promote axonal regeneration after injury of the nervous system
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Bart , Haenzi Barbara , Andrews Melissa R. , Verhaagen Joost , Fawcett James W. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIntegrins are cell surface receptors that form the link between extracellular matrix molecules of the cell environment and internal cell signalling and the cytoskeleton. They are involved in several processes, e.g. adhesion and migration during development and repair. This review focuses on the role of integrins in axonal regeneration. Integrins participate in spontaneous axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system through binding to various ligands that either inhibit or enhance their activation and signalling. Integrin biology is more complex in the central nervous system. Integrins receptors are transported into growing axons during development, but selective polarised transport of integrins limits the regenerative response in adult neurons. Manipulation of integrins and related molecules to control their activation state and localisation within axons is a promising route towards stimulating effective regeneration in the central nervous system.
Habitat Maintenance and Local Economic Ethics in Rural Atlantic Canada
Authors: Foster Karen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInspired by Jane Jacobs's writing on “habitat maintenance,” this paper seeks to identify the ethics that sometimes compel rural residents to act in ways that preserve their communities in the long run, despite short‐term incentives to do otherwise. Data from focus groups in four rural Atlantic Canadian communities suggest shared ethics around entrepreneurship, market competition, buying local, and subsistence, some of which underlie the rural practices and perspectives that appear, to some outsiders, as irrational and “backwards.” Understanding these ethics and the practices they incite as components of habitat maintenance—and judging them by their situated pragmatism rather than their fit with the placeless ideologies of growth‐centric global capitalism and competitiveness—highlights their rationality and utility. Findings could help direct discussions of rural economic development toward notions of prosperity, sustainability, and economy that fit better with rural realities.
Development of Children's Use of External Reminders for Hard‐to‐Remember Intentions
Authors: Redshaw Jonathan , Vandersee Johanna , Bulley Adam , Gilbert Sam J. 
Published: February 2018

This study explored under what conditions young children would set reminders to aid their memory for delayed intentions. A computerized task requiring participants to carry out delayed intentions under varying levels of cognitive load was presented to 63 children (aged between 6.9 and 13.0 years old). Children of all ages demonstrated metacognitive predictions of their performance that were congruent with task difficulty. Only older children, however, set more reminders when they expected their future memory performance to be poorer. These results suggest that most primary school‐aged children possess metacognitive knowledge about their prospective memory limits, but that only older children may be able to exercise the metacognitive control required to translate this knowledge into strategic reminder setting.