bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The DIARS toolbox: a spatially explicit approach to monitor alien plant invasions through remote sensing
Authors: Garzon-Lopez Carol X. , Hattab Tarek , Skowronek Sandra , Aerts Raf , Ewald Michael , Feilhauer Hannes , Honnay Olivier , Decocq Guillaume , Van De Kerchove Ruben , Somers Ben , Schmidtlein Sebastian , Rocchini Duccio , Lenoir Jonathan 
Published: March 2018

The synergies between remote sensing technologies and ecological research have opened new avenues for the study of alien plant invasions worldwide. Such scientific advances have greatly improved our capacity to issue warnings, develop early-response systems and assess the impacts of alien plant invasions on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Hitherto, practical applications of remote sensing approaches to support nature conservation actions are lagging far behind scientific advances. Yet, for some of these technologies, knowledge transfer is difficult due to the complexity of the different data handling procedures and the huge amounts of data it involves per spatial unit.
In this context, the next logical step is to develop clear guidelines for the application of remote sensing data to monitor and assess the impacts of alien plant invasions, that enable scientists, landscape managers and policy makers to fully exploit the tools which are currently available. It is desirable to have such guidelines accompanied by freely available remote sensing data and generated in a free and open source environment that increases the availability and affordability of these new technologies.
Here we present a toolbox that provides an easy-to-use, flexible, transparent and open source set of tools to sample, map, model and assess the impact of alien plant invasions using two high-resolution remote sensing products (hyperspectral and LiDAR images). This online toolbox includes a real case dataset designed to facilitate testing and training in any computer system and processing capacity.
Consensus under pressure
Authors: Dehousse Renaud , Novak Stéphanie , Bendjaballah Selma 
Published: March 2018

La crise actuelle pourrait nous conduire à anticiper une augmentation du conflit dans la procédure législative de l’UE, et, in fine, une évolution d’un système consensuel à un système majoritaire. Cet article entend tester cette hypothèse à travers une évaluation de l’évolution du conflit dans la procédure législative de l’UE. Il constitue une première tentative d’utiliser la base de données de l’Observatory of European Institutions pour approfondir notre compréhension de la conflictualité au sein du processus législatif européen. D’abord, nous proposons plusieurs indicateurs inter et intra-institutionnels de conflit. Puis, nous analysons l’évolution du conflit sur la période 1996-2014. Les données montrent une augmentation limitée du conflit. Cependant, les acteurs législatifs continuent de se conformer à la norme du consensus. Le système politique de l’UE n’a pas évolué d’un modèle consensuel vers un système majoritaire. Afin d’expliquer cette pérennité apparente, nous proposons plusieurs hypothèses: une adaptation furtive des institutions; une incitation inter-institutionnelle à la productivité législative; un patriotisme institutionnel.
Non-centrosomal MTs play a crucial role in organization of MT array in interphase fibroblasts
Authors: Zvorykina Yekaterina , Tvorogova Anna , Gladkikh Aleena , van Vorobjev I 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMicrotubules in interphase fibroblast-like cells are thought to be organized in a radial array growing from a centrosome-based microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) to the cell edges. However, many morphogenetic processes require the asymmetry of the microtubules (MT) array. One of the possible mechanisms of this asymmetry could be the presence of non-centrosomal microtubules in different intracellular areas. To evaluate the role of centrosome-born and non-centrosomal microtubules in the organization of microtubule array in motile 3T3 fibroblasts, we have performed the high-throughput analysis of microtubule growth in different functional zones of the cell and distinguished three subpopulations of growing microtubules (centrosome-born, marginal and inner cytoplasmic).Centrosome as an active microtubule-organizing center was absent in half of the cell population. However, these cells do not show any difference in microtubule growth pattern. In cells with active centrosome, it was constantly forming short (ephemeral) MTs, and ∼15–20 MT per minute grow outwards for a distance >1 µm. Almost no persistent growth of microtubules was observed in these cells with the average growth length of 5–6 µm and duration of growth periods within 30 s.However, the number of growing ends increased towards cell margin, especially towards the active edges. We found the peripheral cytoplasmic foci of microtubule growth there. During recovery from nocodazole treatment microtubules started to grow around the centrosome in a normal way and independently in all the cell areas. Within 5 minutes microtubules continued to grow mainly near the cell edge. Thus, our data confirm the negligible role of centrosome as MTOC in 3T3 fibroblasts and propose a model of non-centrosomal microtubules as major players that create the cell asymmetry in the cells with a mesenchymal type of motility. We suggest that increased density of dynamic microtubules near the active lamellum could be supported by microtubule-based microtubule nucleation.
Research and Application of the IOT Gateway Based on the Real-Time Specification for Java
Authors: Teng Haikun , Liu Xinsheng , Lv Haitao , Yue Xiaoguang 
Published: March 2018

The Internet Of Things (IOT) gateway plays an important role in connecting the traditional information network and network aware, in view of the present people use outdated development ways to realize Internet gateway software proposed a scheme of using real-time Java technology. This paper uses ARM cortex-A57 architecture of AMD Opteron 1100 processor as the core to build IOT gateway system hardware platform, through the gateway to realize remote monitoring of underlying device. The IOT gateway adopts "Internet + Sensor Network / FieldBus Technology" network schemes to realize wired / wireless data exchange, and use the fully compatible Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) of the WebSphere Real Time development platform to achieve the Internet gateway protocol conversion and the design of the two layers network communication software to ensure the IOT gateway security real-time communication. Finally, this paper gives the implementation technique and application of the gateway.
Artificial Neural Networks and the Mass Appraisal of Real Estate
Authors: Zhou Gang , Ji Yicheng , Chen Xiding , Zhang Fangfang 
Published: March 2018

With the rapid development of computer, artificial intelligence and big data technology, artificial neural networks have become one of the most powerful machine learning algorithms. In the practice, most of the applications of artificial neural networks use back propagation neural network and its variation. Besides the back propagation neural network, various neural networks have been developing in order to improve the performance of standard models. Though neural networks are well known method in the research of real estate, there is enormous space for future research in order to enhance their function. Some scholars combine genetic algorithm, geospatial information, support vector machine model, particle swarm optimization with artificial neural networks to appraise the real estate, which is helpful for the existing appraisal technology. The mass appraisal of real estate in this paper includes the real estate valuation in the transaction and the tax base valuation in the real estate holding. In this study we focus on the theoretical development of artificial neural networks and mass appraisal of real estate, artificial neural networks model evolution and algorithm improvement, artificial neural networks practice and application, and review the existing literature about artificial neural networks and mass appraisal of real estate. Finally, we provide some suggestions for the mass appraisal of China's real estate.
Design and Research of Picking Manipulator Obstacle Avoidance System Based on IOT
Authors: Li Biqing , Tian Miao , Zheng Shiyong , Ling Yongfa 
Published: March 2018

In recent years, wireless communication technology has developed rapidly and the speed of wireless communication data transmission is faster and faster, as well as remote control delay has greatly reduced, which is almost negligible, so the remote control is gradually being widely used in various fields. This paper achieves the motion control of picking manipulator and obstacle avoidance system with the advantages of IOT remote control technology and PLC real-time control system. Experiments show that the designed picking manipulator motion control and obstacle avoidance system not only have strong obstacle avoidance ability but also have smooth path optimization with high reliability and stability.
LP-BM5 Retrovirus–Expanded Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Alter B Cell Phenotype and Function
Authors: Rastad Jessica L , Green William R 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Our laboratory demonstrated that infection with the murine retrovirus LP-BM5 results in increased numbers of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) and that these M-MDSCs suppress not only T but also B cell responses. Because of the paucity of studies regarding the effects of MDSCs in general on B cells, we focused on these understudied B cell targets for M-MDSC effects on B cell phenotypic and functional parameters. M-MDSCs specifically decreased the proliferation of transitional type 2 (T2) B cells in response to polyclonal stimulation but increased germinal center and Ab-secreting B cell proportions and class-switched Ig production. Additionally, M-MDSCs inhibited the expression of CD40 and MHC class II on stimulated B cells and suppressed Ag presentation to Ag-specific CD4+ T cells. These alterations of the B cell compartment coincided with decreases in aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and glucose consumption; the latter specifically decreased in the T2 subset. To compare B cell targets of ex vivo M-MDSC suppression with the status of B cells during the course of LP-BM5–induced pathogenesis, including immunodeficiency in vivo, B cells from LP-BM5–infected mice were collected and analyzed. LP-BM5 infection resulted in several analogous alterations of B cells, as were observed with retrovirally expanded M-MDSC suppression in vitro, including decreased proliferation of T2 B cells, an increased proportion of germinal center and Ab-secreting B cells, increased production of class-switched Abs, decreased expression of CD40, and decreased metabolic activity upon stimulation.
Lipocalin 2 Plays an Important Role in Regulating Inflammation in Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Parmar Tanu , Parmar Vipul M. , Perusek Lindsay , Georges Anouk , Takahashi Masayo , Crabb John W. , Maeda Akiko 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
It has become increasingly important to understand how retinal inflammation is regulated because inflammation plays a role in retinal degenerative diseases. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), an acute stress response protein with multiple innate immune functions, is increased in ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 4 (Abca4)−/− retinol dehydrogenase 8 (Rdh8)−/− double-knockout mice, an animal model for Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To examine roles of LCN2 in retinal inflammation and degeneration, Lcn2−/−Abca4−/−Rdh8−/− triple-knockout mice were generated. Exacerbated inflammation following light exposure was observed in Lcn2−/−Abca4−/−Rdh8−/− mice as compared with Abca4−/−Rdh8−/− mice, with upregulation of proinflammatory genes and microglial activation. RNA array analyses revealed an increase in immune response molecules such as Ccl8, Ccl2, and Cxcl10. To further probe a possible regulatory role for LCN2 in retinal inflammation, we examined the in vitro effects of LCN2 on NF-κB signaling in human retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from healthy donors. We found that LCN2 induced expression of antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase 1 and superoxide dismutase 2 in these RPE cells and could inhibit the cytotoxic effects of H2O2 and LPS. ELISA revealed increased LCN2 levels in plasma of patients with Stargardt disease, retinitis pigmentosa, and age-related macular degeneration as compared with healthy controls. Finally, overexpression of LCN2 in RPE cells displayed protection from cell death. Overall these results suggest that LCN2 is involved in prosurvival responses during cell stress and plays an important role in regulating inflammation during retinal degeneration.
Mitocryptides from Human Mitochondrial DNA–Encoded Proteins Activate Neutrophil Formyl Peptide Receptors: Receptor Preference and Signaling Properties
Authors: Gabl Michael , Sundqvist Martina , Holdfeldt Andre , Lind Simon , Mårtensson Jonas , Christenson Karin , Marutani Takayuki , Dahlgren Claes , Mukai Hidehito , Forsman Huamei 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Phagocytic neutrophils express formyl peptide receptors (FPRs; FPR1 and FPR2) that distinctly recognize peptides starting with an N-formylated methionine (fMet). This is a hallmark of bacterial metabolism; similar to prokaryotes, the starting amino acid in synthesis of mitochondrial DNA–encoded proteins is an fMet. Mitochondrial cryptic peptides (mitocryptides; MCTs) with an N-terminal fMet could be identified by our innate immune system; however, in contrast to our knowledge about bacterial metabolites, very little is known about the recognition profiles of MCTs. In this study, we determined the neutrophil-recognition profiles and functional output of putative MCTs originating from the N termini of the 13 human mitochondrial DNA–encoded proteins. Six of the thirteen MCTs potently activated neutrophils with distinct FPR-recognition profiles: MCTs from ND3 and ND6 have a receptor preference for FPR1; MCTs from the proteins ND4, ND5, and cytochrome b prefer FPR2; and MCT-COX1 is a dual FPR1/FPR2 agonist. MCTs derived from ND2 and ND4L are very weak neutrophil activators, whereas MCTs from ND1, ATP6, ATP8, COX2, and COX3, do not exert agonistic or antagonistic FPR effects. In addition, the activating MCTs heterologously desensitized IL-8R but primed the response to the platelet-activating factor receptor agonist. More importantly, our data suggest that MCTs have biased signaling properties in favor of activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase or recruitment of β-arrestin. In summary, we identify several novel FPR-activating peptides with sequences present in the N termini of mitochondrial DNA–encoded proteins, and our data elucidate the molecular basis of neutrophil activation by MCTs.
Transcriptomic Analysis of CD4+ T Cells Reveals Novel Immune Signatures of Latent Tuberculosis
Authors: Burel Julie G. , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S. , Khan Nabeela , Seumois Grégory , Greenbaum Jason A. , Taplitz Randy , Gilman Robert H. , Saito Mayuko , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Sette Alessandro , Peters Bjoern 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In the context of infectious diseases, cell population transcriptomics are useful to gain mechanistic insight into protective immune responses, which is not possible using traditional whole-blood approaches. In this study, we applied a cell population transcriptomics strategy to sorted memory CD4 T cells to define novel immune signatures of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and gain insight into the phenotype of tuberculosis (TB)-specific CD4 T cells. We found a 74-gene signature that could discriminate between memory CD4 T cells from healthy latently Mycobacterium tuberculosis–infected subjects and noninfected controls. The gene signature presented a significant overlap with the gene signature of the Th1* (CCR6+CXCR3+CCR4−) subset of CD4 T cells, which contains the majority of TB-specific reactivity and is expanded in LTBI. In particular, three Th1* genes (ABCB1, c-KIT, and GPA33) were differentially expressed at the RNA and protein levels in memory CD4 T cells of LTBI subjects compared with controls. The 74-gene signature also highlighted novel phenotypic markers that further defined the CD4 T cell subset containing TB specificity. We found the majority of TB-specific epitope reactivity in the CD62L−GPA33− Th1* subset. Thus, by combining cell population transcriptomics and single-cell protein-profiling techniques, we identified a CD4 T cell immune signature of LTBI that provided novel insights into the phenotype of TB-specific CD4 T cells.
Een bovengrens aan rijkdom?
Authors: Robeyns Ingrid 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

An Upper Limit on Wealth?

Should (extreme) wealth be seen as an undesirable situation? This question is called for by a number of social developments, but also from theories of justice in political philosophy and from economic ethics. Answering this question requires first and foremost a proper conceptualisation of wealth. In this paper, I propose such a conceptualisation. In addition, two reasons are advocated for an upper limit on wealth, and possible objections are investigated. The paper ends with some suggestions for future philosophical research on an upper limit on wealth.
What a Branch Campus Is: A Revised Definition
Authors: Wilkins Stephen , Rumbley Laura 
Published: March 2018

Although international branch campuses have become an established part of the cross-border higher education landscape, there is still debate about what an international branch campus actually is. The purpose of this article is to propose a revised definition of “international branch campus” that is clearer and more implementable than existing definitions. To achieve this goal, we considered how the terms “branch” and “campus” are used in business and higher education, and then identified the core features of these campuses.
Competitor Analysis in Egyptian Private Higher Education Sector
Authors: Ayoubi Rami M. , Loutfi Mohamed 
Published: March 2018

In this article, the authors introduce the idea of competition in the private higher education sector in Egypt. There are 24 private universities competing for students in Egypt. Based on two criteria, quality and price, the authors classify private profit-oriented universities in Egypt into four categories. They conclude that the current Egyptian government is striving to establish more universities in the high quality–highprice category.
Predatory Conferences: A Case of Academic Cannibalism
Authors: McCrostie James 
Published: March 2018

The number of questionable conferences continues to increase around the world. Questionable conference organizers are companies that aim to profit as much as possible from the event by preying on researchers’ need to present research findings. They fail to perform any real peer review and deceive researchers to maximize profits. This essay outlines argues that the term questionable conference serves better than the more established predatory conference, criticizes complicit researchers, lists common red flags to identify questionable conferences and explains what might be done to solve the problem.
The evils of trawling: Threat to Marine Biodiversity
Authors: Surapaneni Bindu Sravya , Gurpur Shashikala , Arya Sujata 
Published: March 2018

Over-exploitation of environmental resources by humans defeats the ideal of sustainability. Trawling, a method of fishing, illustrates such exploitation. Trawling accounts for 57% of marine fish production in India.
As a result of lack of selectivity by the cone-shaped trawl nets used, both target and non-target species are collected without any difference. Even endangered species such as seahorses, which are protected under Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, are not spared. The Stockholm to Rio Conferences as well as Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 focus on sustainable use of marine resources. Trawling activities along India’s 7516 km coastline and spanning multiple coastal states defeat this goal. This paper highlights the various impacts of trawling on marine ecosystem. The authors will analyse India's position in light of various international conventions and domestic laws, the need for strengthening the laws, and the role of the Indian judiciary in protection of marine biodiversity. Further, we will highlight measures in various countries to minimise the effects of trawling and the best practices to be adopted by India. The paper will also delve into the recent controversy that has emerged between India and Sri Lanka on the above issue.
The Strike‐Slip West Wishbone Ridge and the Eastern Margin of the Hikurangi Plateau
Authors: Barrett R. S. , Davy B. , Stern T. , Gohl K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe West Wishbone Ridge (WWR), east of New Zealand, has previously been interpreted as a Cretaceous plate boundary, although both the nature and timing of motion along this feature have been disputed. Here, using recently acquired seismic reflection data from the region of the intersection of the WWR with the Chatham Rise, we show that the WWR was primarily a dextral strike‐slip fault during the Late Cretaceous. The WWR first propagated along the eastern margin of the Hikurangi Plateau after the collision of the Hikurangi Plateau with the Chatham Rise, in response to the slowing of spreading at the Osbourn Trough while spreading continued unabated east of the East Wishbone Ridge, from ca. 105 Ma. Reorientation of spreading at the Osbourn Trough at this time resulted in short‐lived, oblique subduction beneath the southern extent of the WWR. Motion along the WWR likely ceased with the cessation of Osbourn Trough spreading. Using our seismic reflection data and gravity modeling across those same profiles, we locate, for the first time, the eastern boundary of the Hikurangi Plateau between 42–43°S. We also find anomalously thick oceanic crust (∼12 km thick) north of the Hikurangi Plateau. Matching tectonic fabric and fracture zone links between the East Wishbone Ridge and the De Gerlache Gravity Anomaly near Ellsworth Land on the West Antarctic margin indicates that these features were linked or parallel during the Late Cretaceous, and fed strike‐slip motion southward into the Gondwana interior, contributing to the onset of Gondwana rifting ca. 85 Ma.
Near‐Earth Reconnection Ejecta at Lunar Distances
Authors: Runov A. , Angelopoulos V. , Artemyev A. , Lu S. , Zhou X.‐Z. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNear‐Earth magnetotail reconnection leads to formation of earthward and tailward directed plasma outflows with an increased north‐south magnetic field strength(|Bz|) at their leading edges. We refer to these regions of enhanced |Bz| and magnetic flux transport Ey as reconnection ejecta. They are composed of what have been previously referred to as earthward dipolarizing flux bundles (DFBs) and tailward rapid flux transport (RFT) events. Using two‐point observations of magnetic and electric fields and particle fluxes by the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun probes orbiting around Moon at geocentric distances R ∼ 60RE, we statistically studied plasma moments and particle energy spectra in RFTs and compared them with those observed within DFBs in the near‐Earth plasma sheet by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes. We found that the ion average temperatures and spectral slopes in RFTs at R ∼ 60RE are close to those in DFBs observed at 15 < R < 25RE, just earthward of the probable reconnection region location. Assuming plasma sheet pressure balance, the average RFT ion temperature corresponds to a lobe field BL∼20 nT. This leads us to suggest that the ion population within the tailward ejecta originated in the midtail plasma sheet at 20≤R≤30RE and propagated to the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun location without undergoing any further energy gain. Conversely, electron temperatures in DFBs at 15 < R < 25RE are a factor of 2.5 higher than those in RFTs at R ∼ 60RE.