bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and electrical characterization of La3+substituted PMS-PZT (Zr/Ti:60/40) ceramics
Authors: Menasra H. , Necira Z. , Bounabe K. , Abba M. , Meklid A. , Boutarfaia A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPb(1-x)Lax[(Zr0.6Ti0.4)(1-x)(Mn1/3Sb2/3)x]O3ceramics with x = 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 were synthesized by using a conventional solid state reaction route. The influence of La, Mn, and Sb contents on phase structure, microstructure, and electric properties were investigated. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the phase structure of the ceramics transforms from rhombohedral phase to tetragonal phase. However, the minority pyrochlore phase appears on the micrographs of XRD and SEM if the doping concentration is greater than 2 mol%. The grain size of the ceramics gradually increases (from 1.36 μm to 1.57 μm) with increasing doping. The dielectric properties of the ceramics have been measured as a function of temperature in the range of 20 °C to 430 °C at 1 kHz. The results indicate that the transition temperature and the maximum dielectric constant decrease with increasing PL-PMS content in the system. These results clearly show the significance of PL-PMS in controlling the dielectric behavior of the PL-PMS-PZT system.
Hybrid Ni/SiO2/Au dimer arrays for high-resolution refractive index sensing
Authors: Pourjamal Sara , Kataja Mikko , Maccaferri Nicolò , Vavassori Paolo , van Dijken Sebastiaan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe introduce a novel magnetoplasmonic sensor concept for sensitive detection of refractive index changes. The sensor consists of a periodic array of Ni/SiO2/Au dimer nanodisks. Combined effects of near-field interactions between the Ni and Au disks within the individual dimers and far-field diffractive coupling between the dimers of the array produce narrow linewidth features in the magneto-optical Faraday spectrum. We associate these features with the excitation of surface lattice resonances and show that they exhibit a spectral shift when the refractive index of the surrounding environment is varied. Because the resonances are sharp, refractive index changes are accurately detected by tracking the wavelength where the Faraday signal crosses 0. Compared to random distributions of pure Ni nanodisks or Ni/SiO2/Au dimers or periodic arrays of Ni nanodisks, the sensing figure of merit of the hybrid magnetoplasmonic array is more than one order of magnitude larger.
Crystal structure of poly[aqua-(μ2-5-methoxyisophthalate-κ3
O,O′:O′′)-(μ2-1,4-bis((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene-κ2
N:N′)nickel(II), NiC21H20N6O6
Authors: Fu Hong-Ru 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C21H20NiN6O6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.1526(16) Å, b = 11.0670(18) Å, c = 11.1729(18) Å, α = 71.559(2)°, β = 69.827(2)°, γ = 70.439(2)°, V = 1081.3(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0370, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0911, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-2-thioxoquinazolin-4(1H)-one, C9H8N2OS
Authors: Wu Hao , Zong Hai-Tao 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C9H8N2OS, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 24.273(5) Å, b = 9.026(2) Å, c = 8.2852(19) Å, β = 108.818(4)°, V = 1718.2(7) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0438, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1190, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of caffeinium triiodide – caffeine (1/1), C16H21I3N8O4
Authors: Merkelbach Johannes , Majewski Martha A. , Reiss Guido J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C16H21I3N8O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 14.7257(7) Å, b = 10.5712(5) Å, c = 16.7501(8) Å, β = 114.408(2)°, V = 2374.4(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0254, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0760, T = 290(2) K.
Preliminary study on character associations, phenotypic and genotypic divergence for yield and related quantitative traits among cowpea landraces (Vigna unguiculata) from the Western Highland Region of Cameroon
Authors: Kouam Eric Bertrand , Ngompe-Deffo Toscani , Anoumaa Mariette , Pasquet Remy Stéphane 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important tropical legume crop contributing significantly to food security in tropical regions. The present study was carried out to determine the extent of genetic variation, to estimate character associations, heritability and genetic advance of 25 quantitative traits in 30 genotypes of cultivated Vigna unguiculata from the western highland region of Cameroon. These quantitative traits were selected among cowpea descriptor lists. For all these traits, the analysis of variance showed significant difference among genotypes, highlighting the existence of important genetic divergence among the studied accessions. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed in grain yield, pod yield and 100 seed weight. Genetic advance of these three characters was also the highest. Broad sense heritability was high in general, with 20 traits out of 25 having heritability values greater than 70%. This high heritability indicates little influence of the environment on these characters in cowpea. The highest heritability was recorded for 100 seed weight (98.15%) and the lowest for shoot weight (41.38%). At 0.05 probability level, grain yield correlated significantly with 21 out of the 24 other quantitative traits. Among others, grain yield correlated positively and significantly with 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, number of nodes per plant, plant height, plant width, pod length, pod width, seed length, seed width and number of seeds per pod. These positive correlations between grain yield and many other traits indicate that a selection program based on any of these traits will result in increasing yield. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method revealed five distinct clusters. Genotypes named KEBCP025, KEB-CP006, KEB-CP098, KEB-CP070, and more importantly KEB-CP054 and KEB-CP004, were grouped in a single cluster and were characterized by a significantly higher grain yield, pod yield, number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, plant height, pod length and pod width compared to other clusters. Accessions KEB-CP036 and KEB-CP031 produced significantly more important fresh biomass. These genotypes could be used as parents in genetic improvement programs aiming to increase yield and fresh biomass in cowpea.
A Strategic Niche Management approach for shaping bio-based economy in Europe
Authors: Tani Almona 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to investigate the transition towards a bio-based economy as part of a broader sustainable transition in Europe. To analyse the challenges and opportunities associated with the bio-based economy, we applied the Strategic Niche Management approach to investigate the drivers that boost the emergence of the bio-based economy, the factors hindering it, as well as institutional changes which are at the base of the socio-technological transition. Although considered as just one piece of the sustainability puzzle, the bio-based economy behaves as a socio-technical system on its own, providing valuable hints on systemic transitions.
Band Bending at the Gold (Au)/Boron Carbide-Based Semiconductor Interface
Authors: Echeverría Elena , Peterson George , Dong Bin , Gilbert Simeon , Oyelade Adeola , Nastasi Michael , Kelber Jeffry A. , Dowben Peter A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We have used X-ray photoemission spectroscopy to study the interaction of gold (Au) with novel boron carbide-based semiconductors grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Both n- and p-type films have been investigated and the PECVD boron carbides are compared to those containing aromatic compounds. In the case of the p-type semiconducting PECVD hydrogenated boron carbide samples, the binding energy of the B(1s) core level shows a shift to higher binding energies as the Au is deposited, an indication of band bending and possibly Schottky barrier formation. In the case of the n-type boron carbide semiconductors the interaction at the interface is more typical of an ohmic contact. Addition of the aromatic compounds increases the change in binding energies on both n-type and p-type PECVD boron carbide semiconductors, and the gold appears to diffuse into the PECVD boron carbides alloyed with aromatic moieties.
Adsorption and Computational Studies for Evaluating the Behavior of Silicon Based Compounds as Novel Corrosion Inhibitors of Carbon Steel Surfaces in Acidic Media
Authors: Abbas Mohamed A. , Bedair Mahmoud A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Two organo-silicon compounds namely; di-triethanolamine siloxane and bis (dithioamine triethanolamine) siloxane were employed as inhibitors for C-steel alloys corrosion in 1 M H2SO4 solution utilizing potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance and computational studies. According to both polarization and impedance data, it has been found that the investigated organo-silicon compounds work as efficient corrosion inhibitors and the protection aptitude raised by increasing the inhibitor concentration. The shown behavior of the tested compounds is cathodic and anodic type inhibition following Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The evaluated adsorption parameters, adsorption equilibrium constant (K
ads) and Gibbs free energy of adsorption

(
Δ

G

ads

o

)

$(\Delta G_{{\rm{ads}}}^o)$

reveal a good association between the inhibitor molecules and the surface of carbon steel in a predominantly chemisorptions manner. In the view of computational quantum and molecular dynamic simulation studies, molecular structure effectiveness and suggested mechanism of protection efficiency were discussed. Surface characterization studies such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been utilized as corroborative tools for confirming the presence of the defensive inhibitor film on the surface of a metal.
Mixed Uncertain Damage Models: Creation and Application for One Typical Rock Slope in Northern China
Authors: Wang Yajun , Zhu Xing 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The merit of this study is logically bridging the microfractures and the macrodefects by establishing the nonlinear fuzzy functionals. The rational verification of the probabilistic distribution of the generalized damage that has produced the microfractures was provided in this study. The triaxial computed tomography tests were also implemented for the rock specimens. Consequently, the hybrid uncertain models of the generalized damage were created by the expansion criterion. The definition of the certain damage variable derived from the secant modulus degeneration has been compared with the definition of the generalized damage in this study, by which the effectiveness of the hybrid uncertain models was highlighted. The ultimate status function with the nonlinearity was founded in order to realize the simulation of the generalized reliability of the target engineering case. Based on the numerical approach, the generally updated fields were computed. The discreteness and the correlation of the generally updated fields were analyzed as well. The results show that this study has the confidence for engineering application.
Serotonin Selectively Increases Detectability of Motion Stimuli in the Electrosensory System
Authors: Marquez Mariana M. , Chacron Maurice J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSerotonergic innervation of sensory areas is found ubiquitously across the central nervous system of vertebrates. Here, we used a system’s level approach to investigate the role of serotonin on processing motion stimuli in the electrosensory system of the weakly electric fishApteronotus albifrons. We found that exogenous serotonin application increased the firing activity of pyramidal neural responses to both looming and receding motion. Separating spikes belonging to bursts from those that were isolated revealed that this effect was primarily due to increased burst firing. Moreover, when investigating whether firing activity during stimulation could be discriminated from baseline (i.e., in the absence of stimulation), we found that serotonin increased stimulus discriminability only for some stimuli. This is because increased burst firing was most prominent for these. Further, the effects of serotonin were highly heterogeneous, with some neurons displaying large while others instead displaying minimal changes in responsiveness following serotonin application. Further analysis revealed that serotonin application had the greatest effect on neurons with low baseline firing rates and little to no effect on neurons with high baseline firing rates. Finally, the effects of serotonin on sensory neuron responses were largely independent of object velocity. Our results therefore reveal a novel function for the serotonergic system in selectively enhancing discriminability for motion stimuli.
Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde dental anomalilerin görülme sıklığı
Authors: KOPARAL Mahmut , ÜNSAL Haluk Yener , TÜRKER ALAN Hilal , YALÇIN Mustafa , EGE Bilal , GÜLSÜN Belgin 
Published: May 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın
amacı, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yaşayan bireylerde dental anomalilerin
görülme sıklığının ve cinsiyetler arasındaki dental anomali görülme
yatkınlıkların değerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma Adıyaman
Üniversitesi Dişhekimliği Fakültesi’ne ve Adıyaman Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı
Merkezi’ne çeşitli nedenlerle müracat etmiş 4256 hastaya ait panoramik
radyografi görüntüleri üzerinde retrospektif olarak tasarlandı. Hastalara ait
panoramik radyografi görüntüleri dental anomalilerin tespit edilmesi amacıyla 2
araştırmacı tarafından değerlendirildi.
Çalışmada hastaların panoramik radyografi görüntüleri üzerinde tespit
edilen, alt keser diş eksikliği, sürnümerer diş, ektopi, gömülü kalma,
mikrodonti, taurodontism ve dilaserasyon olmak üzere 7 tip dental anomali
cinsiyetler arası dağılımına göre istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: En sık görülen
anomali %4,2 oranıyla gömülü kalma olarak tespit edildi. Taurodontizm % 0,02
lik oranla en az görülen anomali olarak tespit edildi. Gömülü diş görülme
sıklığı erkek bireylerde, kadınlara kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
derecede daha fazla bulunmuştur. Ektopik diş görülme oranı, erkeklerde
kadınlara nazaran istatistiksel olarak anlamı derecede fazla bulunmuştur.
Kadınlarda alt keser diş eksikliği görülme oranı, erkeklere göre istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı derecede fazla bulunmuştur.Sonuçlar: Güneydoğu
Anadolu Bölgesinde yaşayan bireylerde gömülü kalma, en sık rastlanılan anomali
olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Alt keser diş eksikliği kadınlarda daha fazla
görülürken, gömülü diş ve ektopiye erkeklerde daha sık rastlanılmıştır. Bunun
yanında, sürnümerer diş, dilaserasyon, taurodontizm ve mikrodonti gibi
anomalilerin görülme sıklığı bakımından cinsiyetler arasında farklılık tespit
edilmemiştir. Taurodontizm en az rastlanılan anomali olarak tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Dental anomali, gömülü
diş, ektopi, sürnümerer, alt keser
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase MIB-1 Is Necessary To Form the Nuclear Halo in Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm
Authors: Herrera Leslie A , Starr Daniel A 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Unlike the classical nuclear envelope with two membranes found in other eukaryotic cells, most nematode sperm nuclei are not encapsulated by membranes. Instead, they are surrounded by a nuclear halo of unknown composition. How the halo is formed and regulated is unknown. We used forward genetics to identify molecular lesions behind three classical fer (fertilization defective) mutations that disrupt the ultrastructure of the Caenorhabditis elegans sperm nuclear halo. We found fer-2 and fer-4 alleles to be nonsense mutations in mib-1. fer-3 was caused by a nonsense mutation in eri-3. GFP::MIB-1 was expressed in the germline during early spermatogenesis, but not in mature sperm. mib-1 encodes a conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase homologous to vertebrate Mib1 and Mib2, which function in Notch signaling. Here, we show that mib-1 is important for male sterility and is involved in the regulation or formation of the nuclear halo during nematode spermatogenesis.
A geographic information systems analysis of hydro power potential in South Africa
Authors: Ballance A. , Stephenson D. , Chapman R. A. , Muller J. 
Published: May 2018

Electrification can reduce the dependence on combustible fuels and therefore also reduce the concomitant health risks. Hydro power is one possible method of generating electric power close to the potential consumers, thereby cutting out expensive reticulation costs in widely spread rural areas. For sustainable electricity generation there must be stream flows of sufficient flow rates down significant slopes.
A preliminary assessment of hydro power potential in South Africa was undertaken by estimating actual energy potential calculated from digital maps of slope and runoff. Coefficients of variation and low flow indices proved good potential measures of flow variability and risk. The methodology allowed rapid identification of micro- and macro-hydro power potential. Micro-hydro power potential identification was calculated from run of river and local flow, while macro-hydro power generation needs storage and thus cumulative river flows were used. The steeper and more humid slopes of the eastern escarpment, and parts of the southern escarpment near Cape Town, showed the best potential for both micro- and macro-hydro power (with annual energy potential values in excess of 107 kWh yr−1 and 109 kWh yr−1, respectively). This preliminary assessment was intended to lead to further more detailed and in-field assessments of hydro power generating capacity.
The use of CFD in the evaluation of UV treatment systems
Authors: Wright N. G. , Hargreaves D. M. 
Published: May 2018

UV disinfection is now widely used for the treatment of water for consumption and wastewater in many countries. It offers advantages over other techniques in specific circumstances. Analysis of these systems has been carried out using a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) procedure. This allows for efficient testing of prototypes. Sensitivity tests are shown for grid size, discretisation and turbulence model.
Four different configurations of the apparatus are evaluated in terms of maximum dosage, flow patterns, particle tracks and transient dosage. This leads to conclusions about the most efficient design and shows that significant improvements can be achieved with minor changes to the design. Further conclusions are drawn about the CFD procedure itself. This work opens up the possibility of an internet-based design tool for small- and medium-sized enterprises.
Grey box modelling for river control
Authors: Sohlberg Björn , Sernfält Mats 
Published: May 2018

This paper deals with modelling and identification of a river system using physical insights about the process, experience of operating the system and information about the system dynamics shown by measured data. These components together form a linear model structure in the state space form. The inputs of the prospective model are physical variables, which are not directly measured. However, the model inputs can be found by a nonlinear transformation of measured variables. Unknown parameters of the model are estimated from measured data. The modelling work focuses on the principle of parsimony, which means the best model approach is the simplest one that fit the purpose of the application.
The goal of the model is to control the water level of the river, where the water flow is mainly determined by the demand for energy generation produced by the hydropower stations along the river. The energy requirement increases in the morning and decreases in the evening. These flow variations, caused by the energy demand, have to be compensated by controlling the power plants downstream, in such a way that the water level between the power stations is guaranteed. Simulation of the control system by using an adaptive model predictive controller shows that the water levels vary less and can be maintained at a higher level than during manual control. This means that more electric power can be produced with the same amount of water flow.
DEPTH INTERVALS AND TOPSOIL MOISTURE MEASUREMENT WITH THE NEUTRON DEPTH PROBE
Authors: KRISTENSEN K. J. 
Published: May 2018

From measurements and calculations using a depth probe, the relative response is estimated for soil layers of different thicknesses. For a 10 cm thick layer of soil with the instrument centre in the middle, about 40 to 70 per cent of the response is caused by this particular layer at a water content of 8 to 40 per cent by volume. For a 20 cm layer the response for similar conditions is about 65 to 85 per cent.
A special calibration function for the upper (0–20 cm) soil layer is demonstrated for the neutron depth probe. It is found that the water content in this soil layer can be estimated in this way with about the same degree of accuracy as can be expected by conventional methods.
The Prediction of Waste Water Dilution by a Long-Term Tracer Experiment
Authors: Kuoppamäki Risto , Muurinen Arto 
Published: May 2018

In general tracer experiments made for the evaluation of waste water dilution in recipients have been of short-term type, with the tracer having an injection time that is markedly less than the time scale of flowpattern changing. In typical Finnish lakes and coastal waters, with complicated topography and frequently varying winds, the results from short term experiments have proved to be of rather limited value. In view of this, a study has been made of the possibility of measuring the dilution under such circumstances, by means of a long-term experiment with a tracer injection time extending over several weeks. Indium was considered to be the most suitable tracer for such an experiment; the complex form of indium is preferable to ionic solution to ensure reliability in the results.
The applicability of the method in the fields is illustrated by an example of a waste-water dilution study made for a pulp mill under construction. Two subsequent long-term experiments were conducted for measurement of the dilution of waste water from two alternative discharge points. The results obtained gave a very clear illustration of the local average dilution ratios, and allowed a reliable comparison being made between the two alternative discharge points.
Hot Groundwater Systems in Iceland Traced by Deuterium
Authors: Arnason Bragi 
Published: May 2018

This paper summarizes the result obtained for hydrothermal systems in Iceland, by using deuterium and oxygen-18 as natural tracers.
The deuterium content of a single sample of a local cold spring or river, except those rivers fed by considerable amount of glacier melt water, can be used to estimate the mean deuterium concentration of precipitation in the corresponding locality. Furthermore the deuterium content of the last winter layer, collected on Icelandic glaciers in spring before the melting season, is practically identical to the mean value of the corresponding annual precipitation. These facts have been used to draw a detailed map showing the amount of deuterium in precipitation over the whole country. Deep ice core studies show that the deuterium content of precipitation in each place has remained more or less unchanged during the last 8000 years.
Measurements of both deuterium and oxygen-18 in the groundwater have confirmed that all groundwater in Iceland is originally meteoric and that the deuterium content of the thermal water does not change on its way through the bed-rock.
The deuterium content of water discharging from hot springs or drill holes is often very different from the deuterium content of local precipitation. On the other hand, by comparing results obtained with the deuterium map, it is often possible to find where this water has fallen as rain and to trace its underground flow path. Deuterium measurements have been made on water from nearly all geothermal areas in the country. The results are drawn up together in one picture, which shows the origin and flow paths of most of the hot groundwater systems in Iceland.
Finally it has been possible to give som idea of the age of the thermal groundwater, i.e. the time past since precipitation. The thermal water is obviously of varying ages. The »youngest« water seems only to be a few decades old, whereas the »oldest« appears to be from the last glaciations.