bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Selection of Forage Quality Traits in Winter Wheat
Authors: Maulana Frank , Kim Ki‐Seung , Anderson Joshua D. , Sorrells Mark E. , Butler Twain J. , Liu Shuyu , Baenziger P. Stephen , Byrne Patrick F. , Ma Xue‐Feng 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTPhenotyping forage quality traits is time‐consuming in forage wheat breeding. In this study, prediction accuracies of three genomic selection (GS) models (ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction [RRBLUP], Gaussian kernel [GAUSS], and Bayesian LASSO [BL, where LASSO stands for least absolute shrinkage and selection operator]) for forage quality traits of winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) were compared using two genotype sampling methods. In addition, the impact of training population (TP) size and marker density on prediction accuracy was explored. The study was done using a diversity panel (n= 298) that was genotyped using 90K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotyped for forage quality traits including crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, sugars, lignin content, and in vitro true dry matter digestibility. Generally, the three models produced similar prediction accuracies, which ranged from 0.34 to 0.61, for all traits. The sampling method had little effect on accuracy. Crude protein was one of the traits with the highest prediction accuracy, and it required only 1000 markers to attain its highest prediction accuracy value. Increasing TP size and marker density increased accuracies of all traits, and increasing the TP size was more effective than increasing marker density. For this panel, the optimal TP size (nTP) was 150, at which point prediction accuracies of all traits, except for sugars, reached over 90% of the highest value atnTP= 250. However, the sampling method for marker density had no effect on accuracy. The results suggest that GS can be an alternative approach to facilitate selection of forage quality traits during forage wheat breeding.
Physiological and Yield Characteristics of 18 Sugarcane Genotypes Grown on a Sand Soil
Authors: Zhao Duli , Irey Mike , LaBorde Chris , Hu Chen‐Jian 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTGrowth, yield, and yield components of sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) are important traits for growers to evaluate cultivars and for scientists to select best genotypes in the breeding and cultivar development programs. Collection of these yield data across genotypes would be labor intensive and time consuming in the early selection stages of the breeding programs with a large number of genotypes. A field experiment was conducted on a sand soil to investigate physiological and yield characteristics of 18 sugarcane genotypes and to determine relationships of leaf relative chlorophyll (SPAD reading), leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and canopy normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) with yield traits, including stalk population, length, diameter, weight, cane yield (tonnes of cane per hectare [TCH]), commercial recoverable sucrose, and sucrose yield (tonnes of sucrose per hectare [TSH]) across genotypes. The NDVI values were calculated based on canopy reflectance in the red (680 nm) and near‐infrared (800 nm) spectra measured using a multispectral radiometer. Among yield traits, stalk population and TCH were most highly correlated with NDVI and/or Pn. Although stalks and TCH were highly and linearly (P < 0.0001) related to NDVI measured in April to August, the best stage of measuring NDVI for yield assessment in Florida across genotypes was during tillering and early grand growth (before canopy closure). Therefore, measurements of NDVI before canopy closure could be useful for predicting plant growth and yield potential across genotypes in cultivar selection programs and used as an agronomic management tool in sugarcane production.
Using Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Early Detection of Drought Stress in Turfgrass
Authors: Hong Mu , Bremer Dale J. , van der Merwe Deon 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTRecent advances in small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) and sensors may improve accuracy and efficiency in turfgrass research and management compared with conventional methods. We evaluated the ability of sUAS combined with ultra‐high spatial resolution remote sensing to detect early drought stress. Results were compared with ground‐based techniques in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) irrigated at different levels from well‐watered to severe deficit (100 to 15% evapotranspiration [ET] replacement). Small UAS‐based measurements with a modified digital camera included three reflectance bands (near infrared [NIR, 680–780 nm] and overlapping green [G] and blue [B] bands [400–580 nm]) and eight derived vegetation indices (VIs). Ground‐based measurements included soil volumetric water content (VWC), turfgrass quality (TQ), green cover (GC), soil temperature (Tsoil), and reflectance with handheld optical sensors. Declines in VWC in deficit‐irrigation treatments were detected with NIR and six of eight VIs from sUAS, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and red band reflectance from a handheld sensor, before symptoms appeared in TQ and GC. The most consistently sensitive parameters of sUAS throughout the 3‐yr study were NIR and GreenBlue VI [(G − B)/(G + B)], which detected drought stress >5 d before decreases in TQ. Results indicate that ultra‐high spatial resolution remote sensing with sUAS detected drought stress before it was visible to a human observer and could be valuable for improving irrigation management in turfgrass.
Greater Anatomical Differences of Pod Ventral Suture in Shatter‐Susceptible and Shatter‐Resistant Soybean Cultivars
Authors: Tu Bingjie , Liu Changkai , Wang Xue , Li Yansheng , Zhang Qiuying , Liu Xiaobing , Herbert Stephen J. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTFruit dehiscence or seed dispersion is an essential process in the proliferation of wild plants, but it is one of the major factors leading to significant yield losses in domesticated soybean. The ventral suture is critical to pod dehiscence in soybean. To better understand the anatomy of the ventral suture in the soybean pod, we compared the dehiscence zone (DZ) and vascular bundle anatomical structure of the ventral suture using three shatter‐susceptible soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars and three shatter‐resistant soybean cultivars, which had been evaluated from 140 cultivars over two growing seasons. We found that shatter‐susceptible cultivars, in the cross‐sections of ventral sutures, had a larger vascular bundle area and bundle cap area. The cells of bundle caps in shatter‐susceptible cultivars were even in shape and arranged more closely with less interstitial substance. There was a significantly shorter and straight route from the top of fiber cap cells to the connecting point of the two valves of the pod ventral suture in shatter‐susceptible cultivars than in shatter‐resistant soybean cultivars. Our findings suggest that the route from the top of fiber cap cells to the connecting point of the two valves, the vascular bundle area, the bundle cap area, and the cell arrangement in the bundle cap might be a partial mechanism involved in pod dehiscence of soybean.
Sulfur Species Formed in the Seed Row of Sulfur‐Fertilized Soils as Revealed by K‐Edge X‐ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure Spectroscopy
Authors: Kar Gourango , Schoenau Jeff J. , Gillespie Adam W. , Dhillon Gurbir Singh , Peak Derek 
Published: September 2019

Core IdeasKnowledge of the S fertilizer reaction products is important for understanding the behavior and efficacy of S fertilizers in soils.Sulfur K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy is a useful tool for identifying the soil S species formed following application of different fertilizer forms under field conditions.Knowledge of S fertilizer reaction products following application is needed to predict the ability of different fertilizer forms to provide sufficient plant‐available S to crops. K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and wet chemical analysis techniques were used to identify the soil S species formed week to months after fertilization in the field on Brown Chernozem and Black Chernozem soils in Saskatchewan, Canada. The S fertilizer forms were ammonium sulfate, liquid ammonium thiosulfate, gypsum, elemental S, and a zero‐S control treatment. Treatments were applied at seeding at 20 kg S ha−1. Sulfur as ammonium sulfate, ammonium thiosulfate, and gypsum increased the extractable SO4–S in the seed row 1 wk after application; thereafter, it decreased through plant uptake and runoff. For all fertilizers, total S concentration in the seed row increased after application and decreased over time. The XANES results showed that the highly oxidized sulfate form of S was dominant (45–55%) in ammonium sulfate‐ and gypsum‐treated soils 1 wk following application. Thereafter, the proportion as sulfate decreased over time while the reduced and intermediate S forms increased. The proportion of reduced S was highest in the elemental S and ammonium thiosulfate treatments and the proportion in oxidized forms increased from Week 1 to Week 8. Overall, the highly oxidized fertilizer S forms applied (sulfates) transformed to intermediate and reduced S species via immobilization and reduction processes, whereas the highly reduced forms (e.g., elemental S) underwent some oxidation as reduced S decreased and highly oxidized sulfate increased.
Water Table Impacts on Wastewater Storage around Onsite Drainfield Trenches: Evaluation by Model Simulation
Authors: West Larry T. , Brye Kristofor R. 
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas
Water storage volume is important for loading rates of on‐site wastewater systems.
HYDRUS (2D/3D) was used to model the slope of the effluent surface away from a trench.
Modeled slopes confirm field observations across conductivity classes and soils.
Arkansas uses a unique system for determining effluent loading rates for onsite wastewater systems based on wastewater storage in unsaturated soil above a seasonal water table. Evaluation of the soil volume available for storage relies on estimates of the slope of the effluent plume away from the trench, which has rarely been evaluated in the field. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the simulated effluent slope for select soils in different hydraulic conductivity classes and with different seasonal water table depths, and (ii) to illustrate the utility of using model simulations to evaluate regulatory parameters established with limited measured data. The geometry of the effluent surface was evaluated by simulation of wastewater input and effluent movement with the HYDRUS (2D/3D) two‐dimensional model. Nine soils mapped in Arkansas and in varying hydraulic conductivity classes were used. For each soil, initial seasonal water tables were established at target depths of ∼40, 60, and 100 cm. Limited lateral spread of effluent resulted in effluent slopes that increased proportionately to water‐table depth. Averaged across water‐table depths, the mean slope of the effluent surface was 16, 15, and 29% for soils in the high, moderate, and low hydraulic conductivity classes, respectively. Model‐simulated slopes for soils in moderate and low conductivity classes were lower than those currently assumed for calculation of effluent storage volume. The differences were small, however, and regulatory storage volumes result in appropriately conservative loading rates that minimize the risk of failure due to effluent surfacing in the drainfield area.
ENTRE A ESPETACULARIZAÇÃO DA VIDA COTIDIANA E O PRAGMATISMO DA CLASSE TRABALHADORA
Authors: Hertzog Lucas 
Published: September 2019

Exploramos neste artigo argumentos teóricos que nos auxiliam a compreender as características subjetivas mobilizadas na produção de vídeos para YouTube. A crescente espetacularização da vida cotidiana é percebida no contexto de produção de conteúdos como novas relações de trabalho que se desenvolvem mediadas por tecnologias digitais. A criação de diários extimos é tomada como estratégia pragmática da classe trabalhadora, um processo de reconfiguração subjetiva que ocorre na mobilização de personalidades como estruturas vinculantes da produção de valor na era da superexposição da intimidade. Ao invés de trilharmos o caminho das críticas que relacionam a proliferação de conteúdos amadores com um suposto declínio cultural, buscamos explorar essa expansão como um dado empírico que ilumina fenômenos sociais constituintes do capitalismo flexível, no qual os trabalhadores são cada vez mais instados a empreender, utilizar novas tecnologias digitais e se expor através de um processo de monetização de suas imagens, vozes, gestos, ideias e práticas veiculadas nos vídeos. Tal instrumentalização das subjetividades em prol da produção de valor é investigada à luz das teorias de Charles Taylor, David Riesman, Byung-Chul Han e Paula Sibília. Concluímos que os estudos em sociologia digital se beneficiam da articulação teórica com os autores apresentados e que explorações entre a sociologia digital e a sociologia do trabalho revelam uma promissora agenda de pesquisas.
Entrevista com David J. Gunkel
Authors: Galeno Alex , França Fagner 
Published: September 2019

Em sua página na internet, David J. Gunkel, professor no Departamento de Comunicação da Northern Illinois University, nos Estados Unidos, aparece de óculos escuros segurando um enigmático cartaz onde se lê "Robot Rights Now”. Mundialmente reconhecido pelos seus estudos em tecnologia da comunicação e informação a partir de uma abordagem ética e filosófica, Gunkel é autor de aproximadamente 50 artigos científicos e sete livros sobre as questões colocadas pelos avanços tecnológicos na sociedade contemporânea. Ultimamente tem dedicado sua atenção ao fenômeno que chama de “invasão de robôs” em nossa vida cotidiana. “As máquinas agora estão em todos os lugares e fazendo virtualmente de tudo: "conversamos com elas online, jogamos games digitais, colaboramos com elas no trabalho ou confiamos em suas capacidades de gerenciar vários aspectos de nossa vida complexa crescentemente orientada por dados”, afirma. Não se trata de uma projeção de ficção científica, mas algo que já está acontecendo. Em uma de suas mais conhecidas obras, The Machine Question (MIT Press, 2012), reflete sobre a possibilidade de atribuirmos responsabilidades morais às máquinas criadas por nós, principalmente por sua capacidade de interferir cada vez mais nos destinos da humanidade: “há máquinas aprendendo sistemas que são intencional e deliberadamente fabricados para fazer coisas que não são capazes de serem completamente controladas por seus designers, programadores ou usuários humanos”, constata. Na entrevista a seguir, inédita no Brasil, David Gunkel nos convida a pensar sobre os diversos aspectose dilemas (éticos, morais, intelectuais, afetivos) envolvidos em nossa relação doravante incontornável e cada vez mais profunda com as máquinas, robôs e a inteligência artificial.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Azole Functionalized Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s for Antibacterial and Anticandidal Activity
Authors: Rehman Suriya , Gunday Seyda T. , Alsalem Zainab H. , Bozkurt Ayhan 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Presently, rise in the infectious diseases and subsequent development of drug
resistance, is a global threat to human health. However, much efforts are being made by scientists, to develop
novel antimicrobials, and also to improve the efficacy of available drugs, in order to combat the lifethreatening
infections.

Objective:
Synthesis and characterization of azole functional polymer systems for antimicrobial applications.

Materials and Methods:
Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA), was produced by free radical polymerization
of the monomer, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Different azole functional PGMAs were produced, through
chemical modification with imidazole (Im), 1H-1,2,4-triazole (Tri) and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATri), to get
PGMA-Imi, PGMA-Tri and PGMA-ATri, respectively. The structure was confirmed by Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal properties were investigated by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA),
and surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Newly synthesized derivatives
were further explored, for their antibacterial and anticandidal activities.

Results:
All the three synthesized and characterized derivatives, displayed a significant activity against the
tested microorganisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal
concentration (MBC/MFC), recorded against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), was 0.5 &1mg/ml for
PGMA-Imi, followed by PGMA-ATri & PGMA-Tri, respectively, followed by E. coli with, 1 & 2 mg/ml, 4
& 8 mg/ml, 4& 8 mg/ml, respectively, whereas the maximum MIC & MFC was recorded against C. albicans
i.e., 8 & 16 mg/ml, 4 & 8 mg/ml ,4 & 8 mg/ml for PGMA-ATri, PGMA-Tri, PGMA-Imi, respectively.

Conclusion:
In the present work, we report on the state-of-the-art, azole functional polymer systems for
antimicrobial applications. These findings suggest that the synthesized azole functional polymer films have
antimicrobial properties, which could be potential candidates for coating applications in the biomedical and
wastewater treatment field.
C/EBPα Regulates FOXC1 to Modulate Tumor Growth by Interacting with PPARγ in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Zhuo , Meng Shao-Hua , Bai Jian-Guo , Sun Chao , Zhao Li-Li , Tang Rui-Feng , Yin Zhao-Lin , Ji Jun-Wei , Yang Wei , Ma Guang-Jun 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) is an important cancer-associated gene in tumor.
PPAR-γ and C/EBPα are both transcriptional regulators involved in tumor development.

Objective:
We aimed to clarify the function of PPAR-γ, C/EBPα in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
and the relationship of PPAR-γ, C/EBPα and FOXC1 in HCC.

Methods:
Western blotting, immunofluorescent staining, and immunohistochemistry were used to
evaluate protein expression. qRT-PCR was used to assess mRNA expression. Co-IP was performed
to detect the protein interaction. And ChIP and fluorescent reporter detection were used to determine
the binding between protein and FOXC1 promoter.

Results:
C/EBPα could bind to FOXC1 promoter and PPAR-γ could strengthen C/EBPα’s function.
Expressions of C/EBPα and PPAR-γ were both negatively related to FOXC1 in human HCC tissue.
Confocal displayed that C/EBPα was co-located with FOXC1 in HepG2 cells. C/EBPα could bind to
FOXC1 promoter by ChIP. Luciferase activity detection exhibited that C/EBPα could inhibit
FOXC1 promoter activity, especially FOXC1 promoter from -600 to -300 was the critical binding
site. Only PPAR-γ could not influence luciferase activity but strengthen inhibited effect of C/EBPα.
Further, the Co-IP displayed that PPAR-γ could bind to C/EBPα. When C/EBPα and PPAR-γ were
both high expressed, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony information were inhibited
enormously. C/EBPα plasmid combined with or without PPAR-γ agonist MDG548 treatment exhibited
a strong tumor inhibition and FOXC1 suppression in mice.

Conclusion:
Our data establish C/EBPα targeting FOXC1 as a potential determinant in the HCC,
which supplies a new pathway to treat HCC. However, PPAR-γ has no effect on FOXC1 expression.
Voltammetric Method Development for Itopride Assay in a Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Amro Abdulaziz N. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Itopride used for the gastrointestinal symptoms caused by reduced gastrointestinal
mobility. For the first time rapid, low cost and green voltammetric method has been applied to
analyze itopride in pharmaceutical formulation.

Method:
Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), Square Wave Voltammetry
(SWV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) methods have been applied in this study.

Results:
Na2SO4 (1M) supporting electrolyte exhibited sharper anodic peak current than other used
supporting electrolytes; glassy carbon electrode (GC) working electrode shows better results than platinum
electrode (Pt). SWV results show the lowest limit of detection and quantitation values of 2.3 and
18.1 μg.mL-1, respectively. SWV recovery is 100.56% and 100.46% for 50 μg.mL-1 and 100 μg.mL-1
of commercially available itopride tablets, respectively. Furthermore, SWV inter and intraday results
precessions are better than other used methods with 0.96 and 0.56% RSD, respectively.

Conclusion:
The optimum method of applied methods in this study is SWV method. Voltammetry
showed low LOD and LOQ values with high accuracy and precession in addition to comparable repeatability
and reproducibility values.
Bone Mineral Density Assessment by DXA vs. QCT in Postmenopausal Females with Central Obesity
Authors: Milisic Lejla , Vegar-Zubovic Sandra , Valjevac Amina , Hasanovic-Vučković Suada 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:
Although Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is gold standard for osteoporosis
diagnosis, several reports have shown discordant T-score values measured by Quantitative
Computed Tomography (QCT) and DXA especially in obese subjects, but it is still not clear
whether BMD measurement by two modalities is affected by overall obesity or central obesity in
postmenopausal females. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare BMD and T-scores by
DXA and QCT and to evaluate whether these two osteoporosis assessment modalities yield different
T-score values in postmenopausal females with obesity and central obesity.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study enrolled 44 postmenopausal females, referred for osteoporosis
screening. Anthropometric indices (BMI-body mass index, WC-waist circumference and ICOindex
of central obesity) were measured and females underwent an assessment of bone mineral
density by DXA and QCT.

Results:
Lumbar Spine (LS) T-score values were observed to be significantly lower by DXA compared
to qCT in females with BMI >25 kg/m2, (-1.9±1.5 vs. -2.3±1.2; p=0.039), in females with
WC>88 cm(-1.9±1.5 vs. -2.4±1.2; p=0.008) and in females with ICO>0.5(-1.96±1.4 vs. -2.5±1.2;
p=0.004). However, in normal-weight females and in those without central obesity, LS T-scores by
DXA were not different than qCT. DXA at lumbar spine and proximal femur revealed osteoporosis
in 47.7% and 11.4% respectively, while QCT detected osteoporosis in 61.4% of females (p<0.001).
Measures of central obesity; ICO and WC were not associated with QCT bone mineral density
(BMD) (r=0.14 and r=0.21, respectively), but were positively associated with both DXALS BMD
(r=0.29 and r=0.31; p<0.05) and DXA proximal femur BMD (r=0.41 and r=0.44; p<0.01).

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that obesity is associated with lower T-scores by DXA compared
to QCT. Caution is needed when assessing osteoporosis status in obese postmenopausal females.
However, further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm the findings.