bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent Total Syntheses of C3 a−C7′ Linked Diketopiperazine Alkaloids (+)‐Asperazine and (+)‐Pestalazine A Enabled by a Ni‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Tertiary Alkyl Chloride
Authors: Luo Long , Zhai Xiao‐Yong , Wang Ya‐Wen , Peng Yu , Gong Hegui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractShort gram‐scale asymmetric syntheses of asperazine, pestalazine A, and their unnatural congeners thereof, have been achieved in ≈10 steps by using readily accessible starting materials. The nickel‐catalyzed reductive coupling protocol was utilized as a key step for the direct construction of C3asp3−C7′sp2 bond furnishing the diaryl‐substituted quaternary carbon centers with remarkable steric hindrance. The streamlined access to this core structure of heterodimeric tryptophans under the mild reaction conditions, makes this strategy hold a great promise in the concise synthesis of other relevant oligomeric pyrroloindoline alkaloids with unique C3a−C7′ linkages.
Deconstructing a complex obsidian “source‐scape”: A geoarchaeological and geochemical approach in northwestern Patagonia
Authors: Barberena Ramiro , Fernández María V. , Rughini Agustina A. , Borrazzo Karen , Garvey Raven , Lucero Gustavo , Della Negra Claudia , Villanueva Guadalupe Romero , Durán Víctor , Cortegoso Valeria , Giesso Martín , Klesner Catherine , MacDonald Brandi L. , Glascock Michael D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNorthwestern Patagonia is located in a tectonically active part of the southern Andes (Argentina), which has facilitated the formation of obsidian, including pyroclastic deposits that have been affected by geomorphic processes, resulting in a complex obsidian landscape. To date, the geomorphic relocation of obsidian in the landscape has not been a focus of systematic research, and this hampers our understanding of prehistoric human mobility. We present an updated assessment of the regional availability of different obsidian types based on results from our research program, which combines geoarchaeological survey and geochemical characterization to understand the properties and distribution of obsidian. This robust “source‐scape” provides the foundation for reconstructing patterns of lithic provisioning and discard. Our results suggest that interpretations of obsidian availability across the landscape should be more nuanced than is typically acknowledged. Based on our improved “source‐scape,” we discuss the patterns observed in an archaeological X‐ray fluorescence database. When compared with the geoarchaeological reconstruction of obsidian availability, the archaeological record conforms to a distance‐decay pattern. Contrary to previous interpretations, we suggest that the distribution of obsidian types is not isomorphic with human home ranges. This geoarchaeological research program provides a basis for integrating the archaeological record of different Andean regions.
Synthesis of P‐stereogenic phosphonothioates via alcoholysis of phosphonothioates with a binaphthyl group
Authors: Kuwabara Kazuma , Maekawa Yuuki , Ebihara Masahiro , Maruyama Toshifumi , Murai Toshiaki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe reaction of phosphonothioates having a binaphthyl group with alkoxides proceeded via transfer of the axial chirality of the binaphthyl group to the central chirality of the phosphorus atom to give P‐stereogenic phosphonothioates with moderate‐to‐excellent diastereoselectivities. The reaction of phosphonoselenoates also proceeded in a similar fashion. The selenium atom of the obtained product could be excluded with tributylphosphine to give a trivalent phosphonite, which was isolated as a boron complex.
Acceptable-by-design QSARs to predict the dietary biomagnification of organic chemicals in fish
Authors: Grisoni Francesca , Consonni Viviana , Vighi Marco 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This work presents the first-time QSAR approach to predict the laboratory-based fish biomagnification factor (BMF) of organic chemicals, to be used as a supporting tool for assessing bioaccumulation at the regulatory level. The developed strategy is based on 2 levels of prediction, with a varying trade-off between interpretability and performance according to the user's needs. We designed our models to be intrinsically acceptable at the regulatory level (in what we defined as “acceptable-by-design” strategy), by (i) complying with OECD principles directly in the approach development phase, (ii) choosing easy-to-apply modeling techniques, (iii) preferring simple descriptors when possible, and (iv) striving to provide data-driven mechanistic insights. Our novel tool has an error comparable to the observed experimental inter- and intraspecies variability and is stable on borderline compounds (root mean square error [RMSE] ranging from RMSE = 0.45 to RMSE = 0.45 log units on test data). Additionally, the models’ molecular descriptors are carefully described and interpreted, allowing us to gather additional mechanistic insights into the structural features controlling the dietary bioaccumulation of chemicals in fish. To improve the transparency and promote the application of the model, the data set and the stand alone prediction tool are provided free of charge at https://github.com/grisoniFr/bmf_qsar Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:51–63. © 2018 SETAC
Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets: A new integrated pest management approach for Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Marianelli Leonardo , Paoli Francesco , Sabbatini Peverieri Giuseppino , Benvenuti Claudia , Barzanti Gian Paolo , Bosio Giovanni , Venanzio Davide , Giacometto Emanuela , Roversi Pio Federico 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

The Japanese beetle Popillia japonica Newman is a US and EU quarantine insect pest that has recently invaded northern Italy. Its ability to rapidly spread in new areas makes this insect a threat to agriculture. In the last decades, several trials on biological control of the Japanese beetle by entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi have been carried out with variable efficacy. However, the necessity of an integrated pest management approach to improve control has arisen. Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) have been used to control other agricultural pests with an attract-and-kill strategy. Here, we present results from laboratory evaluation of 2 LLINs, Storanet® (BASF™) and ZeroFly® (Vestergaard™), against P. japonica adults. Both were effective in killing the beetles; however, some differences emerged if different exposure times were compared: ZeroFly® always gave 100% mortality in tests from 5-s to 30-min exposure; Storanet® showed 100% mortality only with 30-min exposure and going down to 89%–99% mortality for 5-s to 15-min exposure. A description of the paralysis process occurring at 5-s exposure is given. Possible field application of LLINs within programs of integrated pest management is discussed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:259–265. © 2018 SETAC
Enhanced selective cellular proliferation by multi‐biofunctionalization of medical implant surfaces with heterodimeric BMP‐2/6, fibronectin, and FGF‐2
Authors: Ettelt Volker , Belitsky Alice , Lehnert Michael , Loidl‐Stahlhofen Angelika , Epple Matthias , Veith Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIncreasing cell adhesion on implant surfaces is an issue of high biomedical importance. Early colonization with endogenous cells reduces the risk of bacterial contamination and enhances the integration of an implant into the diverse cellular tissues surrounding it. In vivo integration of implants is controlled by a complex spatial and temporal interplay of cytokines and adhesive molecules. The concept of a multi‐biofunctionalized TiO2 surface for stimulating bone and soft tissue growth is presented here. All supramolecular architectures were built with a biotin–streptavidin coupling system. Biofunctionalization of TiO2 with immobilized FGF‐2 and heparin could be shown to selectively increase the proliferation of fibroblasts while immobilized BMP‐2 only stimulated the growth of osteoblasts. Furthermore, TiO2 surfaces biofunctionalized with either the BMP‐2 or BMP‐2/6 growth factor and the cell adhesion‐enhancing protein fibronectin showed higher osteoblast adhesion than a TiO2 surface functionalized with only one of these proteins. In conclusion, the presented immobilization strategy is applicable in vivo for a selective surface coating of implants in both hard and connective tissue. The combined immobilization of different extracellular proteins on implants has the potential to further influence cell‐specific reactions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2910–2922, 2018.
A novel ceramic coating for reduced metal ion release in metal‐on‐metal hip surgery
Authors: Blunn Gordon W. , Ferro De Godoy Roberta , Meswania Jayantilal , Briggs Tim W. R. , Tyler Philippa , Hargunani Rikin , Wilson Hannah , Khan Imran , Marriott Tim , Coathup Melanie J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn ovine total hip arthroplasty model was developed to evaluate metal ion release, wear, the biological response and adverse tissue reaction to metal‐on‐metal (MoM) bearing materials. The performance of an advanced superlattice ceramic coating (SLC) was evaluated as a bearing surface and experimental groups divided into; (1) MoM articulating surfaces coated with a SLC coating (SLC‐MoM), (2) uncoated MoM surfaces (MoM), and (3) metal on polyethylene (MoP) surfaces. Implants remained in vivo for 13 months and blood chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) metal ion levels were measured pre and postoperatively. Synovial tissue was graded using an ALVAL scoring system. When compared with the MoM group, sheep with SLC‐MoM implants showed significantly lower levels of chromium and cobalt metal ions within blood over the 13‐month period. Evidence of gray tissue staining was observed in the synovium of implants in the MOM group. A significantly lower ALVAL score was measured in the SLC‐MoM group (3.88) when compared with MoM components (6.67) (p = 0.010). ALVAL results showed no significant difference when SLC‐MOM components were compared to MoP (5.25). This model was able to distinguish wear and the effect of released debris between different bearing combinations and demonstrated the effect of a SLC coating when applied onto the bearing surface. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1760–1771, 2019.
Study on immortal conditions of chicken embryonic stem cells
Authors: Sun Changhua , Wang Yingjie , Jin Kai , Song Jiuzhou , Zuo Qisheng , Zhang Yani , Chen Guohong , Li Bichun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn recent years, considerable attention has been paid to chicken embryonic stem cells (ESCs) studies in relation to extensive applications in gene therapy and regenerative medicine. However, the approaches used are still immature. In this study, we showed that the chicken ESCs clones with a clear border can express alkaline phosphatase and marker proteins such as SSEA‐1, SOX2, and OCT4 stably. In addition, culture medium containing 10 μmol/L of vitamin C (VC) could significantly promote the proliferation of ESCs cells. Moreover, ESCs transfected with p:enhanced green fluorescent protein (pEGFP)‐hTERT could be subcultured more than tenth generations in culture medium containing exogenous factors (mLIF + bFGF + hSCF) and VC, and these ESCs clone could still be regenerated following cryopreservation. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results showed that there was no significant difference between SSEA‐1, SOX2, and OCT4 expression during ESCs immortalization and that the tenth generation of ESCs was still able to express marker proteins SSEA‐1, SOX2, and OCT4. Our results showed that an immobilized system for ESCs was established, and the ESCs were cultured in vitro maintaining their pluripotency.
Ablation of cytoskeletal scaffolding proteins, Band 4.1B and Whirlin, leads to cerebellar purkinje axon pathology and motor dysfunction
Authors: Saifetiarova Julia , Bhat Manzoor A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe cerebellar cortex receives neural information from other brain regions to allow fine motor coordination and motor learning. The primary output neurons from the cerebellum are the Purkinje neurons that transmit inhibitory responses to deep cerebellar nuclei through their myelinated axons. Altered morphological organization and electrical properties of the Purkinje axons lead to detrimental changes in locomotor activity often leading to cerebellar ataxias. Two cytoskeletal scaffolding proteins Band 4.1B (4.1B) and Whirlin (Whrn) have been previously shown to play independent roles in axonal domain organization and maintenance in myelinated axons in the spinal cord and sciatic nerves. Immunoblot analysis had indicated cerebellar expression for both 4.1B and Whrn; however, their subcellular localization and cerebellum‐specific functions have not been characterized. Using 4.1B and Whrn single and double mutant animals, we show that both proteins are expressed in common cellular compartments of the cerebellum and play cooperative roles in preservation of the integrity of Purkinje neuron myelinated axons. We demonstrate that both 4.1B and Whrn are required for the maintenance of axonal ultrastructure and health. Loss of 4.1B and Whrn leads to axonal transport defects manifested by formation of swellings containing cytoskeletal components, membranous organelles, and vesicles. Moreover, ablation of both proteins progressively affects cerebellar function with impairment in locomotor performance detected by altered gait parameters. Together, our data indicate that 4.1B and Whrn are required for maintaining proper axonal cytoskeletal organization and axonal domains, which is necessary for cerebellum‐controlled fine motor coordination.
The Prevention of a High Dose of Vitamin D or Its Combination with Sulforaphane on Intestinal Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in Apc1638N Mice Fed a High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Li Jinchao , Frederick Armina‐Lyn M. , Jin Yu , Guo Chi , Xiao Hang , Wood Richard J. , Liu Zhenhua 
Published: November 2018

ScopeThe previous study shows that obesity‐promoted inflammation is responsible for the activation of the intestinal tumorigenic Wnt‐signaling. The present study aims to test a dietary strategy, dietary supplementation with a high dose of vitamin D (VD) or its combination with sulforaphane (SFN) to inhibit intestinal inflammation and obesity‐associated tumorigenesis.Methods and resultsApc1638N mice are randomly divided into four groups: LF, a low‐fat diet (10 kcal% fat) with 200 IU VD; HF, a high‐fat diet (60 kcal% fat) with 200 IU VD; HFD, a high‐fat diet with 5000 IU VD; and HFDS, a high‐fat diet plus 5000 IU VD and 0.23 g SFN per ≈4000 kcal. VD administration decreased tumor incidence and size, and the co‐administration with SFN (HFDS) magnified the effects. Inflammation and Wnt‐signaling are suppressed by VD. The addition of SFN decreased the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and increased autophagy.ConclusionThe administration of VD, at 5000 IU level, exerts an anti‐inflammatory property and leads to suppressed intestinal Wnt‐signaling and tumorigenesis in obese mice. The molecular function of SFN on a high dose of VD supplementation, although displayed on the inhibition of HDAC and the activation of autophagy, needs further investigation.
The potentiality of NMR‐based metabolomics in food science and food authentication assessment
Authors: Consonni Roberto , Cagliani Laura Ruth 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the last years, there was an increasing interest on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, whose applications experienced an exponential growth in several research fields, particularly in food science. NMR was initially developed as the elective technique for structure elucidation of single molecules and nowadays is playing a dominant role in complex mixtures investigations. In the era of the “omics” techniques, NMR was rapidly enrolled as one of the most powerful methods to approach metabolomics studies. Its use in analytical routines, characterized by rapid and reproducible measurements, would provide the identification of a wide range of chemical compounds simultaneously, disclosing sophisticated frauds or addressing the geographical origin, as well as revealing potential markers for other authentication purposes. The great economic value of high‐quality or guaranteed foods demands highly detailed characterization to protect both consumers and producers from frauds. The present scenario suggests metabolomics as the privileged approach of modern analytical studies for the next decades. The large potentiality of high‐resolution NMR techniques is here presented through specific applications and using different approaches focused on the authentication process of some foods, like tomato paste, saffron, honey, roasted coffee, and balsamic and traditional balsamic vinegar of Modena, with a particular focus on geographical origin characterization, ageing determination, and fraud detection.
When to switch from bilateral to unilateral electroconvulsive therapy: A simple way to elicit seizures in high seizure threshold cases
Authors: Eda Masatoshi , Matsuki Ryo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsAlthough electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for various psychiatric disorders, its therapeutic effect depends on the occurrence of adequate seizures. Thus, the management of inadequate seizures remains a clinical problem. Here, we aimed to develop a simple method to elicit adequate seizures in high seizure threshold patients during ECT sessions.MethodsRight unilateral ECT was performed in 87 sessions (22 inpatients) in which 504 millicoulombs bilateral (bitemporal or bifrontal) electrical stimulation had failed to induce adequate seizures. A Thymatron® System IV (Somatics LLC, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) and the LOW 0.5 program were used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The electrode placement was bitemporal, bifrontal, or right unilateral (d'Elia placement). The minimum duration for an adequate seizure was 15 seconds in the electroencephalogram record of the Thymatron® stimulator. The efficacy of treatment was estimated by the Global Assessment of Functioning at the time of admission and discharge. Cognitive assessment was not performed.ResultsBy switching to right unilateral stimulation immediately after failure of bilateral stimulation, adequate seizures were achieved in 71 of 87 (81.6%) sessions. Improvement in the Global Assessment of Functioning was observed in 23 of 28 (82.1%) treatment courses.ConclusionSwitching from bilateral to unilateral electrode placement may be a simple clinical option for eliciting adequate seizures in high seizure threshold cases.
Sequential heat release: an innovative approach for the control of curing profiles during composite processing based on dual‐curing systems
Authors: Romero Maria , Fernández‐Francos Xavier , Ramis Xavier 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe sequential heat release (SHR) taking place in dual‐curing systems can facilitate thermal management and control of conversion and temperature gradients during processing of thick composite parts, hence reducing the appearance of internal stresses that compromise the quality of processed parts. This concept is demonstrated in this work by means of numerical simulation of conversion and temperature profiles during processing of an off‐stoichiometric thiol–epoxy dual‐curable system. The simulated processing scenario is the curing stage during resin transfer moulding processing (i.e. after injection or infusion), assuming one‐dimensional heat transfer across the thickness of the composite part. The kinetics of both polymerization stages of the dual‐curing system and thermophysical properties needed for the simulations have been determined using thermal analysis techniques and suitable phenomenological models. The simulations show that SHR makes it possible to reach a stable and uniform intermediate material after completion of the first polymerization process, and enables a better control of the subsequent crosslinking taking place during the second polymerization process due to the lower remaining exothermicity. A simple optimization of curing cycles for composite parts of different thickness has been performed on the basis of quality–time criteria, producing results that are very close to the Pareto‐optimal front obtained by genetic algorithm optimization procedures. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanisms Controlling Air Stratification Within a Large Diameter Borehole and Atmospheric Exchange
Authors: Levintal Elad , Dragila Maria I. , Lensky Nadav G. , Weisbrod Noam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLarge boreholes dot the landscape across much of the arid low latitudes. Here we explore air dynamics within these features to understand their significance to gas transport at the Earth‐atmosphere interface. We instrumented a large‐diameter (3.4 m) borehole and the borehole‐atmosphere interface to explore under natural conditions the role of atmospheric variability on gas transport down to the water table at a depth of 59 m. Two independent tracers that naturally existed inside the borehole, water vapor and CO2, were used to map diffusive and advective transport regions and rates. We hypothesize that temporal variations in atmospheric and borehole air temperature determine the transport regime; thus, we conducted two separate 1‐month observations, during summer and winter. Of several potential air transport mechanisms known to act within cavities, thermal‐induced convection (TIC) was found to be the dominating advective mechanism inside the borehole. During winter, TIC circulated atmospheric air throughout the entire borehole down to the water table. During summer, however, atmospheric air reached only down to the middle of the borehole, indicating stable stratification below that depth; TIC was limited to the upper mixed layer overlying a diffusive transport layer. During times when TIC was suppressed, the stratified borehole air developed relatively low temperatures, and accumulated elevated CO2 concentrations and high vapor content, which were then vented to the atmosphere during convective active periods.
Speech Intervention Outcomes Associated With Word Lexicality and Intervention Intensity
Authors: Cummings Alycia , Hallgrimson Janet , Robinson Sarah 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This study examined how lexical representations and intervention intensity affect phonological acquisition and generalization in children with speech sound disorders.

Method

Using a single-subject multiple baseline design, 24 children with speech sound disorders (3;6 to 6;10 [years;months]) were split into 3 word lexicality types targeting word-initial complex singleton phonemes: /ɹ l ʧ θ/. Specifically, academic vocabulary words, nonwords (NWs), and high-frequency (HF) words were contrasted. Intervention intensity was examined by comparing the performance of 12 children who completed eleven 50-min sessions (4 children/word type) to the performance of 12 who completed 19 sessions (4 children/word type). Children's production accuracy of their treated phonemes and overall percent consonants correct values were used to measure phonological generalization via percentage accuracy scores and
d
scores.

Results
All word lexicality conditions elicited phonological change, suggesting that academic vocabulary words, NWs, and HF words are viable intervention targets. Group mean averages were similarly high for the NWs and HF words, although children in the NW condition demonstrated more consistent phonological gains. Children who received 19 intervention sessions achieved 6 times more gains in treated sound accuracy than did children who received 11 sessions.

Conclusions
Word lexicality did not significantly influence children's intervention outcomes. More intensive intervention, as characterized by the number sessions, resulted in greater phonological change than did a shorter intervention program. Intervention intensity outcomes should be considered when establishing best practices for speech intervention scheduling.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7336055