bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Controllable Lasing Actions in Lead Halide Perovskite–Si3N4 Hybrid Micro‐Resonators
Authors: Huang Can , Sun Wenzhao , Liu Shuai , Li Shuai , Wang Shuai , Wang Yujie , Zhang Nan , Fu Hongbing , Xiao Shumin , Song Qinghai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLead halide perovskite (MAPbX3) nanosheets are promising materials for optoelectronic devices. However, as the as‐grown perovskite nanosheets typically have random sizes, positions, and alignments, their device performances are hard to be controlled and repeated, significantly hindering the practical applications in nanophotonics. Herein, a novel approach to realize highly controllable lasing actions in MAPbX3 nanosheets is demonstrated. By hybridizing the perovskite with an Si3N4 wafer, it is shown that the cavity shape and the internal lasing actions are precisely controllable via the patterns in Si3N4 wafer, which is pre‐defined with mature CMOS technique and will not spoil the exceptional gain of perovskite nanosheet. Consequently, whispering gallery mode (WGM) micro‐lasers with well‐controlled mode numbers, mode spacing, repeatability, directionalities, and even internal angular momentum are experimentally realized. In addition, by constructing coupled micro‐structures, the proximity effects between WGM lasers are also explored. This research provides a substrate‐control mechanism to precisely define and control MAPbX3 perovskite micro‐lasers.
One LTE LB and two conjoined LTE M/HB MIMO antennas with a compact symmetric frame structure at the short edge of the metal‐framed smartphone
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Lin Song‐En , Barani Imee Ristika Rahmi , Li Wei‐Yu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe metal‐frame long‐term evolution (LTE) antennas with a compact symmetric frame structure at the short edge of the metal‐framed smartphone are presented. The proposed metal‐frame antennas cover the LTE low band (LB) in 824~960 MHz and two LTE middle/high bands (M/HBs) in 1710~2690 MHz. The LTE LB antenna uses a short metal‐frame section of 41.8 mm (about 0.12 wavelength at 824 MHz). The two LTE M/HB antennas together use a continuous metal‐frame section of 41.8 mm (about 0.24 wavelength at 1710 MHz), same as the LTE LB antenna. The two LTE M/HB antennas show low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of <0.1 in 1710~2690 MHz, owing to using a capacitor‐loaded shorting strip for the two antennas conjoined to achieve a compact and decoupled structure. The low ECC allows the two LTE M/HB antennas to be promising for 2 × 2 multi‐input multi‐output operation.
Pneumatically driven surgical instrument capable of estimating translational force and grasping force
Authors: Miyazaki Ryoken , Kanno Takahiro , Kawashima Kenji 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground: In robot‐assisted minimally invasive surgery, feedback as well as sensing of translational and grasping forces allows surgeons to manipulate the robots using an appropriate force. However, there have been limited reports on single instruments capable of sensing both forces (translational force and grasping force), with the exception of instruments with electronic sensors.Methods: In this study, a pneumatically driven surgical instrument capable of estimating both translational and grasping forces is developed. Our estimation method is based on the dynamics and pneumatic pressure changes of the instrument. For each force estimation, we applied a joint mechanism consisting of disks and a flexible backbone and constructed pneumatic driving systems, kinematic models, dynamic models, controller, and force estimator.Results: We confirmed experimentally that the mean absolute error between the measured forces and the estimated translational and grasping forces is 0.2 N or less for any condition. From these results, it is seen that the mechanical interference between the joint actuation mechanism and grasper actuation mechanism is negligibly small.Conclusions: A method for estimating both forces was proposed, and experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the method.
Robust adaptive tracking control for a class of mechanical systems with unknown disturbances under actuator saturation
Authors: Hu Xin , Wei Xinjiang , Zhang Huifeng , Han Jian , Liu Xiuhua 
Published: January 2019

SummaryA robust adaptive tracking control scheme is presented for a class of multiple‐input and multiple‐output mechanical systems with unknown disturbances under actuator saturation. The unknown disturbances are expressed as the outputs of a linear exogenous system with unknown coefficient matrices. An adaptive disturbance observer is constructed for the online disturbance estimation. An actuator saturation compensator is introduced to attenuate the adverse effects of actuator saturation. The adaptive backstepping method is then applied to design the robust adaptive tracking control law. It is proved that the designed control law makes the system outputs track the desired trajectories and guarantees the global uniform ultimate stability of the closed‐loop control system. Simulations on a two‐link robotic manipulator verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Facet‐Dependent Optical Properties of Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Authors: Huang Michael H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent observations of facet‐dependent electrical conductivity and photocatalytic activity of various semiconductor crystals are presented. Then, the discovery of facet‐dependent surface plasmon resonance absorption of metal–Cu2O core–shell nanocrystals with tunable sizes and shapes is discussed. The Cu2O shells also exhibit a facet‐specific optical absorption feature. The facet‐dependent electrical conductivity, photocatalytic activity, and optical properties are related phenomena, resulting from the presence of an ultrathin surface layer with different band structures and thus varying degrees of band bending for the {100}, {110}, and {111} faces of Cu2O to absorb light of somewhat different wavelengths. Recently, it is shown that the light absorption and photoluminescence properties of pure Cu2O cubes, octahedra, and rhombic dodecahedra also display size and facet effects because of their tunable band gaps. A modified band diagram of Cu2O can be constructed to incorporate these optical effects. Literature also provides examples of facet‐dependent optical behaviors of semiconductor nanostructures, indicating that optical properties of nanoscale semiconductor materials are intrinsically facet‐dependent. Some applications of semiconductor optical size and facet effects are considered.
The rise and fall of green growth: Korea's energy sector experiment and its lessons for sustainable energy policy
Authors: Ha Yoon‐Hee , Byrne John 
Published: January 2019

The idea of “green growth” has received international attention for more than a decade as a promising solution to a distinctly modern problem: a century of unparalleled increases in wealth based on equally unparalleled innovations in energy technology accompanied by global environmental threats such as climate change and persistent socioeconomic inequality. The green growth premise is that this problem can be solved without surrendering continued economic growth by a redirection of human effort to invent green energy technology, green energy markets, and green energy choice. Proponents have argued that green‐energy based economic growth represents a paradigm shift bringing forth sustainable and equitable relations between environment, economy, and society. The paper reviews a decade of green energy growth strategies and practices. The Korean Green Growth Initiative (KGGI) is investigated as a case study of green energy growth operationalization. Korea’s experiment was widely hailed by international bodies such as The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) for its bold attempt at paradigm shift, with the hope that, if it succeeded, countries currently on the periphery of modern development would be able to overcome conditions of poverty, environmental degradation, and political dependency. But our analysis of the Korean case questions the idea and ideology of green energy growth, demonstrating instead that KGGI was quickly coopted by the paradigm it was supposed to supplant. In this respect, one contradiction in the strategy and practice of green energy growth has been its promise to change the trajectory of modern development without requiring serious changes in modern values and ideology.This article is categorized under:

Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
Energy and Development > Climate and Environment
Energy and Development > Economics and Policy
Social Inequality, Childhood and the Media
Authors: Paus-Hasebrink Ingrid , Kulterer Jasmin , Sinner Philip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter of this book deals with the connections between social inequality, childhood and media. The first part is dedicated to national contexts of social inequality and to a discussion of social disadvantage in rich Western societies, with the specific examples of Austria and Germany. The second part deals with the connection between inequality and mediatization. One central argument is that a disadvantageous position in a mediatised society often leads to a lack of participation in society (education, job perspectives and so on). In our mediatised Western societies, participation is closely connected to (digital) media, so that socialisation often becomes media socialisation. We will preface a survey of relevant trends in global mediatization with a literature review covering the evidence of the links between social disadvantages and media experiences. To conclude, we will discuss the consequences of mediatization for academic research on young people’s growing up in general and for our study on media socialisation among socially disadvantaged adolescents in particular.
The Role of Media Within Young People’s Socialisation: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Paus-Hasebrink Ingrid , Kulterer Jasmin , Sinner Philip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe study is based on a praxeological research perspective on the processes involved in the media socialisation of children and adolescents. It treats the socialisation as a dynamic and interlinked process acting on both the individual child and the relevant social contexts. Our approach is, therefore, focused on the lifeworld of a child in the family, where everyday life happens and where, most importantly, media activity is already being endowed with meaning in early childhood. This approach to media socialisation allows researchers to understand the subjective nature of a child’s media practices (providing a link to his/her family), as well as his/heroptions for action,outlines for action, andcompetences for action. Using these three central analytical concepts, the role of the media, against the backdrop of socio-structural conditions, becomes understandable, in as far as it relates to the interlinkage of subjective perceptions, orientations motivating action and everyday life practices.
Family Descriptions
Authors: Paus-Hasebrink Ingrid , Kulterer Jasmin , Sinner Philip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview over the 18 families still participating at the end of the study. We briefly summarise each family’s situation as it developed over the years. With regard to the relevant selection criteria (see Chapter 4), our focus is on the socio-economic situation of each family, with particular attention to income, job situation, housing situation, formal education (of parents), family constellation (nuclear family, patchwork family, single-parent households, extended families, migration background etc.). The summaries illustrate each family’s experience over this period, especially with regard to their socio-economic and socio-emotional development. We also include information about the particular children we interviewed and about their ages in each wave of interviews with the respective families (2005, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016), including the final callback interview (2017).
Socialisation in Different Socialisation Contexts
Authors: Paus-Hasebrink Ingrid , Kulterer Jasmin , Sinner Philip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the core aspects of the longitudinal study over nearly twelve years: the dynamic development of the children and their media repertoires, on the one hand, and the role of different contexts of socialisation, such as parents, siblings, relatives and friends of the family on the other hand. Very relevant factors here are kindergartens, schools, assisted living communities, peers in general, the children’s friends and, later, apprenticeships—sometimes with residence in hostels—and romantic involvements. In addition, we noted (sports)clubs and, last but not least, the role of politics and society as important. They all affect the children in different ways at various stages of their personal development. Against this background, the chapter sheds light on the variety of ways in which both children and parents incorporate media (“established” as well as “new” media), into their everyday lives.
The Interplay Between Family and Media as Socialisation Contexts: Parents’ Mediation Practices
Authors: Paus-Hasebrink Ingrid , Kulterer Jasmin , Sinner Philip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter sheds light on how, over an extended period, the parents of the longitudinal study mediated the children’s use of the media. We discuss this from two angles: on the one hand, with respect to both the children’s age and their media usage and, on the other hand, with respect to changing conditions in the families’ everyday lives. After that, we discuss what we term the “practices of mediation” observed in the study, how they differ and how they are related to options for action, outlines for action and competences for action.
Discussion and Conclusion
Authors: Paus-Hasebrink Ingrid , Kulterer Jasmin , Sinner Philip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis final chapter aims to summarise our project, as presented above, by explicating its scope, limitations and benefits, as well as setting out its potential. Based on the results of the longitudinal study, we discuss how appreciating the complex interplay of factors shaping the lives of children as they grow up can help policy makers and stakeholders to develop more individualised approaches to supporting and encouraging children and their families. Furthermore, we wish to stress that our findings do not reflect circumstances peculiar to the Austrian context: within our theoretical framework, we interpret them as empirical evidence demonstrating how existing conditions, patterns of doing family and individual factors shape socialisation processes. A range of contexts interacts with individual factors, but not in a manner peculiar to one region. Such interaction indicates a general pattern that is widely relevant to understanding socialisation within mediatised societies.
Probing the pre-BBN universe with gravitational waves from cosmic strings
Authors: Cui Yanou , Lewicki Marek , Morrissey David E. , Wells James D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany motivated extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of cosmic strings. Gravitational waves originating from the dynamics of the resulting cosmic string network have the ability to probe many otherwise inaccessible properties of the early universe. In this study we show how the spectrum of gravitational waves from a cosmic string network can be used to test the equation of state of the early universe prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). We also demonstrate that current and planned gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO, LISA, DECIGO/BBO, and ET/CE have the potential to detect signals of a non-standard pre-BBN equation of state and evolution of the early universe (e.g., early non-standard matter domination or kination domination) or new degrees of freedom active in the early universe beyond the sensitivity of terrestrial collider experiments and cosmic microwave background measurements.
A conditional limit theorem for high-dimensional ℓᵖ-spheres
Authors: Kim Steven S. , Ramanan Kavita 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The study of high-dimensional distributions is of interest in probability theory, statistics, and asymptotic convex geometry, where the object of interest is the uniform distribution on a convex set in high dimensions. The ℓp-spaces and norms are of particular interest in this setting. In this paper we establish a limit theorem for distributions on ℓp-spheres, conditioned on a rare event, in a high-dimensional geometric setting. As part of our proof, we establish a certain large deviation principle that is also relevant to the study of the tail behavior of random projections of ℓp-balls in a high-dimensional Euclidean space.
Multi-point correlations for two-dimensional coalescing or annihilating random walks
Authors: Lukins James , Tribe Roger , Zaboronski Oleg 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper we consider an infinite system of instantaneously coalescing rate 1 simple symmetric random walks on ℤ2, started from the initial condition with all sites in ℤ2 occupied. Two-dimensional coalescing random walks are a `critical' model of interacting particle systems: unlike coalescence models in dimension three or higher, the fluctuation effects are important for the description of large-time statistics in two dimensions, manifesting themselves through the logarithmic corrections to the `mean field' answers. Yet the fluctuation effects are not as strong as for the one-dimensional coalescence, in which case the fluctuation effects modify the large time statistics at the leading order. Unfortunately, unlike its one-dimensional counterpart, the two-dimensional model is not exactly solvable, which explains a relative scarcity of rigorous analytic answers for the statistics of fluctuations at large times. Our contribution is to find, for any N≥2, the leading asymptotics for the correlation functions ρN(x1,…,xN) as t→∞. This generalises the results for N=1 due to Bramson and Griffeath (1980) and confirms a prediction in the physics literature for N>1. An analogous statement holds for instantaneously annihilating random walks. The key tools are the known asymptotic ρ1(t)∼logt∕πt due to Bramson and Griffeath (1980), and the noncollision probability 𝒑NC(t), that no pair of a finite collection of N two-dimensional simple random walks meets by time t, whose asymptotic 𝒑NC(t)∼c0(logt)-(N2) was found by Cox et al. (2010). We re-derive the asymptotics, and establish new error bounds, both for ρ1(t) and 𝒑NC(t) by proving that these quantities satisfy effective rate equations; that is, approximate differential equations at large times. This approach can be regarded as a generalisation of the Smoluchowski theory of renormalised rate equations to multi-point statistics.
THE SOCIAL, PERSONAL, AND SPIRITUAL DYNAMICS OF GHOST STORIES IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND
Authors: SANGHA LAURA 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn early modern England, spectral figures were regular visitors to the world of the living and a vibrant variety of beliefs and expectations clustered around these questionable shapes. Yet whilst historians have established the importance of ghosts as cultural resources that were used to articulate a range of contemporary concerns about worldly life, we know less about the social and personal dynamics that underpinned the telling, recording, and circulation of ghost stories at the time. This article therefore focuses on a unique set of manuscript sources relating to apparitions in late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century England to uncover a different vantage point. Drawing on the life-writing and correspondence of the antiquarian who collected the narratives, it lays bare concerns about familial relations and gender that ghost stories were bound up with. Tracing the way that belief in ghosts functioned at an individual level also allows the recovery of the personal religious sensibilities and spiritual imperatives that sustained and nourished continuing belief in ghosts. This subjective angle demonstrates that ghost stories were closely intertwined with processes of grieving and remembering the dead, and they continued to be associated with theological understandings of the afterlife and the fate of the soul.
Short‐Term Phytoplankton Dynamics During Typhoon Season in and Near the Pearl River Estuary, South China Sea
Authors: Qiu Dajun , Zhong Yu , Chen Yongqiang , Tan Yehui , Song Xingyu , Huang Liangmin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe effect on phytoplankton dynamics of nutrient inputs from rivers within the highly eutrophic Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in China is well understood. However, the role that typhoons play in enhancing or reducing phytoplankton blooms is less well known. The primary factors controlling phytoplankton dynamics in the PRE in June–July 2009 were determined by coupling satellite remote sensing data with field observations during two successive typhoons: Nangka and Soudelor. The results revealed that the magnitude of chlorophyll a concentration (Chl) near the PRE was controlled by several key factors. (1) Vertical mixing of seawater induced by Typhoons Nangka and Soudelor led to a sudden decrease in Chl and phytoplankton abundance near the PRE, especially in picophytoplankton. (2) Following the typhoon events, increased nutrient availability associated with significant freshwater runoff promoted phytoplankton (especially Synechococcus) growth, recovery, and blooms in and near the PRE. (3) Increased freshwater input or easterly winds enhanced the extension of highly abundant phytoplankton with brackish water from the estuary into the adjacent nearshore water. (4) Phycocyanin‐rich Synechococcus was endemic and a dominant picophytoplankton group in the estuarial brackish water. We propose a mechanism that describes the interactions of vertical mixing, terrestrial precipitation, freshwater discharge, nutrient inputs, and winds on short‐term phytoplankton dynamics in and near the PRE during typhoon season.
Late relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): clonal evolution or therapy-related leukemia?
Authors: Yilmaz Musa , Wang Feng , Loghavi Sanam , Bueso-Ramos Carlos , Gumbs Curtis , Little Latasha , Song Xingzhi , Zhang Jianhua , Kadia Tapan , Borthakur Gautam , Jabbour Elias , Pemmaraju Naveen , Short Nicholas , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Estrov Zeev , Kantarjian Hagop , Futreal Andrew , Takahashi Koichi , Ravandi Farhad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLate relapse, defined as relapse arising after at least 5 years of remission, is rare and occurs in 1–3% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The underlying mechanisms of late relapse remain poorly understood. We identified patients with AML who achieved remission with standard induction chemotherapy and relapsed after at least five years of remission (n = 15). Whole exome sequencing was performed in available bone marrow samples obtained at diagnosis (n = 10), remission (n = 6), and first relapse (n = 10). A total of 41 driver mutations were identified, of which 11 were primary tumor-specific, 17 relapse-specific, and 13 shared (detected both in primary and relapsed tumor samples). We demonstrated that 12 of 13 shared mutations were in epigenetic modifier and spliceosome genes. Longitudinal genomic characterization revealed that in eight of 10 patients the founder leukemic clone persisted after chemotherapy and established the basis of relapse years later. Understanding the mechanisms of such quiescence in leukemic cells may help designing future strategies aimed at increasing remission duration in patients with AML.