bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A response prediction model for taxane, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in hypopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhong Qi , Fang Jugao , Huang Zhigang , Yang Yifan , Lian Meng , Liu Honggang , Zhang Yixiang , Ye Junhui , Hui Xinjie , Wang Yejun , Ying Ying , Zhang Qing , Cheng Yingduan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The five-year survival rate of HNSCC has not improved even with major technological advancements in surgery and chemotherapy. Currently, docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluoruracil (TPF) treatment has been the most popular chemotherapy method for HNSCC; but only a small percentage of HNSCC patients exhibit a good response to TPF treatment. Unfortunately, at present, no reasonably effective prediction model exists to assist clinicians with patient treatment. For this reason, patients have no other alternative but to risk neoadjuvant chemotherapy in order to determine their response to TPF. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profile in TPF-sensitive and non-sensitive patient samples. We identified a gene expression signature between these two groups. We further chose 10 genes and trained a support vector machine (SVM) model. This model has 88.3% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity to predict the response to TPF treatment in our patients. In addition, four more TPF responsive and four more TPF non-sensitive patient samples were used for further validation. This SVM model has been proven to achieve approximately 75.0% sensitivity and 100% specificity to predict TPF response in new patients. This suggests that our 10-genes SVM prediction model has the potential to assist clinicians to personalize treatment for HNSCC patients.
Association between hearing organ and renal function in young adult type 1 diabetic patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dąbrowski Mariusz , Mielnik-Niedzielska Grażyna , Nowakowski Andrzej 
Published: August 2018

AbstractType 1 diabetes can lead to impaired function of many organs and tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between hearing and kidney function in young adult type 1 diabetic patients. 31 patients (9 women) with type 1 diabetes, aged <45, with disease duration <10 years were included. Blood and urine samples for laboratory tests and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) assessment were obtained. eGFR was calculated with CKD-EPI formula. In all patients pure-tone audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses were evaluated, also eye fundus was examined. Mean patients’ age was 29.5 ± 7.0 years and disease duration 4.6 ± 2.6 years. All patients had eGFR > 60.0 ml/min/1.73 m2. In one case microalbuminuria and in 3 patients early retinopathy were revealed. Linear correlation between eGFR and hearing threshold at 4, 6, 8 and 12 kHz was found. Patients with hearing impairment (n = 7) had lower eGFR 108.8 vs. 121.7 ml/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.047 compared to normal-hearing subjects. Also patients with absence of otoacoustic emissions in at least one ear had lower eGFR, 103.1 vs. 123.3 ml/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001, compared to the remaining group. In auditory brainstem responses we found significant linear correlation between eGFR and wave III and interval I-III latencies, and between UAE and waves III, V and interval I-III latencies. This study suggests existence of relationship between hearing and kidney function in type 1 diabetic patients. Pathways directly linking hearing and renal function are unknown. Larger studies are necessary to further analyze these relationships.
Suppression of the quantum-confined Stark effect in polar nitride heterostructures
Authors: Schlichting S. , Hönig G. M. O. , Müßener J. , Hille P. , Grieb T. , Westerkamp S. , Teubert J. , Schörmann J. , Wagner M. R. , Rosenauer A. , Eickhoff M. , Hoffmann A. , Callsen G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, we suggested an unconventional approach (the so-called Internal-Field-Guarded-Active-Region Design “IFGARD”) for the elimination of the quantum-confined Stark effect in polar semiconductor heterostructures. The IFGARD-based suppression of the Stark redshift on the order of electronvolt and spatial charge carrier separation is independent of the specific polar semiconductor material or the related growth procedures. In this work, we demonstrate by means of micro-photoluminescence techniques the successful tuning as well as the elimination of the quantum-confined Stark effect in strongly polar [000-1] wurtzite GaN/AlN nanodiscs as evidenced by a reduction of the exciton lifetimes by up to four orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the tapered geometry of the utilized nanowires (which embed the investigated IFGARD nanodiscs) facilitates the experimental differentiation between quantum confinement and Stark emission energy shifts. Due to the IFGARD, both effects become independently adaptable.
Nowhere to Hide: Radio-faint AGN in GOODS-N field
Authors: Radcliffe J. F. , Garrett M. A. , Muxlow T. W. B. , Beswick R. J. , Barthel P. D. , Deller A. T. , Keimpema A. , Campbell R. M. , Wrigley N. 
Published: August 2018

Context. The occurrence of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is critical to our understanding of galaxy evolution and formation. Radio observations provide a crucial, dust-independent tool to study the role of AGN. However, conventional radio surveys of deep fields ordinarily have arc-second scale resolutions often insufficient to reliably separate radio emission in distant galaxies originating from star-formation and AGN-related activity. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) can offer a solution by identifying only the most compact radio emitting regions in galaxies at cosmological distances where the high brightness temperatures (in excess of 105 K) can only be reliably attributed to AGN activity.
Aims. We present the first in a series of papers exploring the faint compact radio population using a new wide-field VLBI survey of the GOODS-N field. This will expand upon previous surveys, permitting the characterisation of the faint, compact radio source population in the GOODS-N field. The unparalleled sensitivity of the European VLBI Network (EVN) will probe a luminosity range rarely seen in deep wide-field VLBI observations, thus providing insights into the role of AGN to radio luminosities of the order 1022 WHz−1 across cosmic time.
Methods. The newest VLBI techniques are used to completely cover an entire 7′̣5 radius area to milliarcsecond resolutions, while bright radio sources (S > 0.1 mJy) are targeted up to 25′ from the pointing centre. Multi-source self-calibration, and a primary beam model for the EVN array are used to correct for residual phase errors and primary beam attenuation respectively.
Results. This paper presents the largest catalogue of VLBI detected sources in GOODS-N comprising of 31 compact radio sources across a redshift range of 0.11–3.44, almost three times more than previous VLBI surveys in this field. We provide a machine-readable catalogue and introduce the radio properties of the detected sources using complementary data from the e-MERLIN Galaxy Evolution survey (eMERGE).
Possible evidence of a supermassive black hole binary with two radio jets in blazar 3C279
Authors: Qian S. J. , Britzen S. , Krichbaum T. P. , Witzel A. 
Published: August 2018

Context. Studies of periodic and quasi-periodic phenomena in optical and radio bands are important for understanding the physical processes in quasars. Investigation of periodic/quasi-periodic behavior of the relativistic jets in blazars is particularly significant because it can provide unique information about the formation, collimation, and acceleration of the jets and the properties of the central engines (black hole/accretion disk systems) in blazars.
Aims. We investigate the parsec-scale kinematics of the 31 superluminal components observed in blazar 3C279 and attempt to search for evidence of its jet precession and double-jet structure.
Methods. The previously suggested precessing jet nozzle model is applied to model-fit the kinematics of its superluminal components observed during the 1981–2015 period. It is shown that the parsec-scale kinematics of the entire source can be interpreted in terms of a double-jet scenario.
Results. The superluminal components observed in 3C279 can be divided into two groups that are ejected from two relativistic jets. The two jets have different orientations in space and jet-cone shapes, but both jets precess with the same precession period of 25 yr (16.3 yr in the source frame). The kinematic features of all the superluminal knots (trajectory, core separation, and apparent velocity) can be consistently explained. Their innermost trajectories follow the respective precessing common parabolic patterns with trajectory curvatures that occurred in the outer jet regions at different core separations. The bulk Lorentz factor, Doppler factor, and viewing angle of their motion are derived. The unusual jet-direction change of ∼100° observed in 2010–2011 can be naturally explained.
Conclusions. We propose a double-jet structure scenario for 3C279 and suggest that there may be a supermassive black hole binary in the center of 3C279 ejecting two precessing relativistic jets, resulting in its very complex structure and kinematics on parsec scales, and with extremely variable emission across the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the two jets have the same precession period, the precession of the double jet may have originated from the modulation of their jet orientation by the change in their orbital velocity direction relative to the observer. In this case the mass ratio m/M of the binary is approximately equal to the ratio of the jet cone widths, being on the order of ∼0.5.
Prothrombotic State Induced by Middle-Distance Endurance Exercise in Middle-Aged Athletes
Authors: Salvagno Gian , Tarperi Cantor , Gelati Matteo , Montagnana Martina , Danese Elisa , Festa Luca , Sanchis-Gomar Fabian , Favaloro Emmanuel , Schena Federico , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince the impact of possible prothrombotic factors on blood coagulation resulting from exercise remains elusive, this study investigated the acute effects of middle-distance endurance running on blood coagulation parameters in middle-aged athletes. The study population consisted of 33 male endurance runners who were engaged in a 21.1 km run under competitive conditions. Blood samples were collected before the run, immediately after the run, and 3 hours after run completion. Samples were assessed for activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen, D-dimer, factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag), endogenous thrombin potential (area under the curve of thrombin generation [TGA-AUC]), and peak thrombin generation (TGA-PK). Post-run variations were expressed as delta (Δ). At baseline, APTT was found to be significantly associated with ABO blood group, VWF:Ag, and FVIII; fibrinogen with age; VWF:Ag with BMI, training regimen, and ABO blood group; APTT with FVIII; FVIII with VWF:Ag and ABO blood group; APTT with VWF:Ag; and TGA-PK with ABO blood group, PT, and TGA-AUC. Immediately after the run, statistically significant increases were observed for PT, D-dimer, VWF:Ag, and FVIII, while statistically significant reductions could be observed for APTT, TGA-AUC, and TGA-PK. Fibrinogen values remained unchanged. Significant correlations were observed between Δ VWF:Ag and Δ FVIII, Δ APTT and Δ VWF:Ag, Δ APTT and Δ FVIII, Δ TGA-AUC and Δ TGA-PK, and between Δ D-dimer and Δ TGA-AUC and Δ TGA-PK. No Δ variation was associated with running time. The results of this study seemingly suggest that middle-distance competitive running may evoke several prothrombotic changes in blood coagulation.
Nahrungsmittelallergien und Anaphylaxie
Authors: Happle C. 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungNahrungsmittelallergien sind der häufigste Auslöser für Anaphylaxien im Kindesalter. Auch wenn es in den vergangenen Jahren neue Daten zur Ätiologie und interessante Ansätze zur spezifischen Immuntherapie von Nahrungsmittelallergien gab, gibt es bisher keine Heilung. Die Behandlung besteht primär in Allergenkarenz und symptomatischer Medikation. Dabei kommt der Notfalltherapie eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Das Risiko plötzlich auftretender schwerer Symptome mit potenziell fatalem Ausgang kann für betroffene Patienten und ihre Familien eine starke Einschränkung ihrer Lebensqualität bedeuten. Schulungen im Erkennen und Umgang von Anaphylaxien und in der Anwendung eines Adrenalin-Autoinjektors sind für gefährdete Patienten essenziell. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt nach einer kurzen Einführung zu Pathophysiologie, Epidemiologie und Behandlung von Nahrungsmittelallergien einen aktuellen Überblick zur Literatur und zu Handlungsempfehlungen bei Nahrungsmittel-assoziierter Anaphylaxie. Er soll als Entscheidungshilfe im Hinblick auf die Verordnung eines Adrenalin-Autoinjektors bei Nahrungsmittelallergie dienen und gibt Empfehlungen für das Notfalltraining von Kindern und Familien mit Anaphylaxierisiko.
Rohmilch für Kinder – Gefahr für schwere hämolytisch-urämische Syndrome
Authors: Lang M. , Kunkel J. , Kabesch M. , Melter M. , Kittel J. 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungIn unserer Klinik wurden innerhalb einer Woche drei Patienten mit hämolytisch-urämischem Syndrom (HUS) aufgenommen. Alle Kinder stammten aus einer Großfamilie. Sie hatten bei Aufnahme eine schwere Anämie und Thrombozytopenie sowie Zeichen eines Nierenversagens, zwei Kinder mussten dialysiert werden, ein Kind erlitt im Rahmen des HUS neurologische Komplikationen und behält eine schwere Beeinträchtigung. Es kann auch ein Jahr nach dem HUS weder laufen noch sprechen. Anamnestisch hatten alle Kinder Rohmilch verzehrt, welche direkt von ein und demselben Bauernhof bezogen wurde. Bei allen Patienten gelang der Keimnachweis von enterohämorrhagischen E. coli (EHEC) im Stuhl, bei einem Patient konnte der gleiche E. coli O80:H2 mittels Pulsfeldgelelektrophorese sowohl im Stuhl als auch in der Rohmilchprobe vom Bauernhof nachgewiesen werden.Aufgrund eines geänderten ökologischen Bewusstseins in Teilen der deutschen Bevölkerung, kam es in den letzten Jahren wieder zu vermehrter Nachfrage nach Rohmilch „frisch vom Bauernhof”. Unter anderem wegen der Gefahr von Infektionen ist der Verkauf der Rohmilch in Deutschland prinzipiell verboten, er kann jedoch unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen erlaubt werden. Das Bewusstsein dafür, dass durch den Konsum von Rohmilch für den Menschen durch die Übertragung von Bakterien wie EHEC, Listerien, Salmonellen oder anderen Erregern eine Gesundheitsgefahr ausgehen kann, ist in den letzten Jahren in Zeiten der industriellen Milchaufbereitung zunehmend verschwunden.
Quick approximation of threshold values for genome-wide association studies
Authors: Hao Zhiyu , Jiang Li , Gao Jin , Ye Jinhua , Zhao Jingli , Li Shuling , Yang Runqing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStandard normal statistics, chi-squared statistics, Student’s t statistics and F statistics are used to map quantitative trait nucleotides for both small and large sample sizes. In genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the statistical distributions depend on both genetic effects and SNPs but are independent of SNPs under the null hypothesis of no genetic effects. Therefore, hypothesis testing when a nuisance parameter is present only under the alternative was introduced to quickly approximate the critical thresholds of these test statistics for GWASs. When only the statistical probabilities are available for high-throughput SNPs, the approximate critical thresholds can be estimated with chi-squared statistics, formulated by statistical probabilities with a degree of freedom of two. High similarities in the critical thresholds between the accurate and approximate estimations were demonstrated by extensive simulations and real data analysis.
Polygenic approaches to detect gene–environment interactions when external information is unavailable
Authors: Lin Wan-Yu , Huang Ching-Chieh , Liu Yu-Li , Tsai Shih-Jen , Kuo Po-Hsiu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe exploration of ‘gene–environment interactions’ (G × E) is important for disease prediction and prevention. The scientific community usually uses external information to construct a genetic risk score (GRS), and then tests the interaction between this GRS and an environmental factor (E). However, external genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are not always available, especially for non-Caucasian ethnicity. Although GRS is an analysis tool to detect G × E in GWAS, its performance remains unclear when there is no external information. Our ‘adaptive combination of Bayes factors method’ (ADABF) can aggregate G × E signals and test the significance of G × E by a polygenic test. We here explore a powerful polygenic approach for G × E when external information is unavailable, by comparing our ADABF with the GRS based on marginal effects of SNPs (GRS-M) and GRS based on SNP × E interactions (GRS-I). ADABF is the most powerful method in the absence of SNP main effects, whereas GRS-M is generally the best test when single-nucleotide polymorphisms main effects exist. GRS-I is the least powerful test due to its data-splitting strategy. Furthermore, we apply these methods to Taiwan Biobank data. ADABF and GRS-M identified gene × alcohol and gene × smoking interactions on blood pressure (BP). BP-increasing alleles elevate more BP in drinkers (smokers) than in nondrinkers (nonsmokers). This work provides guidance to choose a polygenic approach to detect G × E when external information is unavailable.
The Relationship Between Blood Sample Volume and Diagnostic Sensitivity of Blood Culture for Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Antillon Marina , Saad Neil J , Baker Stephen , Pollard Andrew J , Pitzer Virginia E 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundBlood culture is the standard diagnostic method for typhoid and paratyphoid (enteric) fever in surveillance studies and clinical trials, but sensitivity is widely acknowledged to be suboptimal. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine sources of heterogeneity across studies and quantified the effect of blood volume.MethodsWe searched the literature to identify all studies that performed blood culture alongside bone marrow culture (a gold standard) to detect cases of enteric fever. We performed a meta-regression analysis to quantify the relationship between blood sample volume and diagnostic sensitivity. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of patient age, antimicrobial use, and symptom duration on sensitivity.ResultsWe estimated blood culture diagnostic sensitivity was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54–0.64) with significant between-study heterogeneity (I2, 76% [95% CI, 68%–82%]; P &lt; .01). Sensitivity ranged from 0.51 (95% CI, 0.44–0.57) for a 2-mL blood specimen to 0.65 (95% CI, 0.58–0.70) for a 10-mL blood specimen, indicative of a relationship between specimen volume and sensitivity. Subgroup analysis showed significant heterogeneity by patient age and a weak trend towards higher sensitivity among more recent studies. Sensitivity was 34% lower (95% CI, 4%–54%) among patients with prior antimicrobial use and 31% lower after the first week of symptoms (95% CI, 19%–41%). There was no evidence of confounding by patient age, antimicrobial use, symptom duration, or study date on the relationship between specimen volume and sensitivity.ConclusionsThe relationship between the blood sample volume and culture sensitivity should be accounted for in incidence and next-generation diagnostic studies.
Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Alone and in Combination With Biofeedback, Electrical Stimulation, or Both Compared to Control for Urinary Incontinence in &#x2028;Men Following Prostatectomy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kannan P , Winser S J , Fung B , Cheing G 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone and in combination with biofeedback (BFB), electrical stimulation (ES), or both for urinary incontinence in men following prostatectomy is inconclusive.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether PFMT works well alone or in combination with BFB, ES, or both in comparison with a control.

Data Sources
The databases Ovid Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science, and the specialized register of the Citroen Incontinence Review Group were searched from study inception to August 2017. Abstract proceedings from urological meetings, including the European Association of Urology and the American Urological Association, were also searched.

Study Selection
Randomized controlled trials that compared PFMT alone and PFMT with ES, BFB, or both and no treatment, placebo, or sham were included in the review.

Data Extraction, Synthesis, and Quality
Two independent reviewers completed data extraction and quality appraisal. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool was used for quality appraisal. Meta-analysis was done with software used for preparing and maintaining Cochrane reviews.

Limitations
Methodological flaws in the included studies limited internal validity.

Conclusions
PFMT alone, PFMT plus BFB and ES, and PFMT plus ES were more effective than the control for urinary incontinence following prostatectomy. The effect of PFMT plus BFB on postprostatectomy incontinence remains uncertain.
Risk Factors on Hospital Arrival for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Following Pediatric Trauma*
Authors: Killien Elizabeth Y. , Mills Brianna , Watson R. Scott , Vavilala Monica S. , Rivara Frederick P. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:
To determine risk factors identifiable at hospital arrival associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome development among critically injured children.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level I or II adult or pediatric trauma centers contributing to the National Trauma Data Bank from 2007 to 2016.

Patients:
Patients less than 18 years admitted to an ICU with traumatic injury.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We determined associations between patient, injury, and clinical characteristics present at hospital arrival with development of acute respiratory distress syndrome recorded as a hospital complication. Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 1.8% of 146,058 critically injured children (n = 2,590). The only demographic factor associated with higher risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome on multivariable analysis was African American race (relative risk, 1.42 vs white; 95% CI, 1.13–1.78). Injury characteristics included firearm injuries (relative risk 1.93; 1.50–2.48) and motor vehicle crashes (relative risk, 1.91; 1.57–2.31) relative to falls; spine (relative risk, 1.39; 1.20–1.60), chest (relative risk, 1.36; 1.22–1.52), or lower extremity injuries (relative risk, 1.26; 1.10–1.44); amputations (relative risk, 2.10; 1.51–2.91); and more severe injury (relative risk, 3.69 for Injury Severity Score 40–75 vs 1–8; 2.50–5.44). Clinical variables included abnormal respiratory status (intubated relative risk, 1.67; 1.23–2.26 and hypopnea relative risk, 1.23; 1.05–1.45 and tachypnea relative risk, 1.26; 1.10–1.44) and lower Glasgow Coma Scale score (relative risk, 5.61 for Glasgow Coma Scale score 3 vs 15; 4.44–7.07).

Conclusions:
We provide the first description of the incidence of and risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome among pediatric trauma patients. Improved understanding of the risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome following pediatric trauma may help providers anticipate its development and intervene early to improve outcomes for severely injured children.