bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Has Submerged Vegetation Loss Altered Sediment Denitrification, N2O Production, and Denitrifying Microbial Communities in Subtropical Lakes?
Authors: Liu Wenzhi , Jiang Xiaoliang , Zhang Quanfa , Li Feng , Liu Guihua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLoss of submerged vegetation has become one of the most serious ecological issues in shallow lakes worldwide. However, there is limited understanding of the effect of vegetation loss on sediment nitrogen (N) cycling processes and microbial communities, which are closely linked to the N removal function of aquatic ecosystems. Here we investigated the sediment denitrification and N2O production rates of 10 macrophyte‐rich and 12 macrophyte‐free lakes in subtropical China. We determined the abundance of diversity of nirS‐ and nirK‐encoding denitrifiers in sediments using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and clone libraries. The results showed that denitrification and N2O production rates in vegetated lakes were slightly but not significantly lower than those in nonvegetated lakes. Sediment denitrification rates in vegetated lakes were positively correlated with water NO3− concentration but not significantly related to submerged vegetation and denitrifier communities. Similarly, the presence of submerged macrophytes had no significant effect on denitrifier diversity and abundance. Water N content and sediment moisture were the main factors affecting the composition of denitrifying communities. Moreover, no significant correlation was found between community similarity and geographical distance among lakes. Overall, our findings suggest that submerged vegetation degradation in Yangtze lakes has no significant effect on sediment denitrification rates and denitrifying community structure. Abiotic factors, especially water N level and sediment moisture, play a critical role in controlling N removal capacity of lake sediments.
On the Relative Roles of the Atmosphere and Ocean in the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability
Authors: Garuba Oluwayemi A. , Lu Jian , Singh Hansi A. , Liu Fukai , Rasch Phil 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe relative roles of the ocean and atmosphere in driving the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) are investigated by isolating anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) components forced by anomalous surface heat fluxes and ocean dynamics in fully and partially coupled simulations. The impact of the ocean dynamics‐forced SST on air‐sea interaction is disabled in the partially coupled simulation in order to isolate the atmosphere‐forced variability. The atmosphere‐forced AMV component shows weak but significant variability on interdecadal timescales (10‐ to 30‐year periods), while the ocean‐forced component exhibits a strong multidecadal variability (25‐ to 50‐year periods). When coupled to the atmosphere, this ocean‐forced variability weakens and is imprinted on the coupled surface heat fluxes that further act to damp the ocean‐forced SST variability, causing a much weaker fully coupled AMV. Our results suggest that the AMV is largely driven by ocean circulation variability, but its power is also affected by the strength of air‐sea coupling.
First Observations of Narrowband Stimulated Electromagnetic Emissions at the Pump Frequency Second Harmonic During Ionosphere Interaction Experiments
Authors: Yellu A. D. , Scales W. A. , Mahmoudian A. , Bernhardt P. A. , Siefring C. L. , McCarrick M. J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReported herein are first observations of narrowband stimulated electromagnetic emissions (NSEEs) within ±30 Hz of the second harmonic of the pump wave frequency during ionospheric heating experiments at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program facility. The observations are juxtaposed with contemporaneous NSEEs observed within ±30 Hz of the pump wave frequency. The transmit power of the pump wave is linearly increased, and the pump wave frequency is stepped through frequencies near the third electron gyroharmonic frequency during the experiment. The first observation is that there is a transmit power threshold for the occurrence of NSEEs downshifted from the second harmonic of the pump wave frequency. Secondly, when downshifted NSEEs are present at both the pump frequency and its second harmonic, the transmit power threshold for the onset of both are comparable. Third, the frequency offset of the downshifted NSEEs spectral line from the second harmonic frequency is approximately twice the frequency offset of the downshifted NSEEs spectral line from the pump wave frequency when the downshifted NSEEs are present near both the pump and second harmonic frequency. Finally, the NSEEs at the second harmonic of the pump wave frequency are suppressed at pump frequencies very close to the third electron gyroharmonic frequency.
First Steps Toward the Verification of Models for the Assessment of the Radiation Exposure at Aviation Altitudes During Quiet Space Weather Conditions
Authors: Meier Matthias M. , Copeland Kyle , Matthiä Daniel , Mertens Christopher J. , Schennetten Kai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSpace weather is an important driver of the exposure of aircrew and passengers to cosmic rays at flight altitudes, which has been a matter of concern for several decades. The assessment of the corresponding radiation doses can be realized by measurements or model calculations that cover the whole range of the radiation field in terms of geomagnetic shielding, atmospheric shielding, and the effects of space weather. Since the radiation field at aviation altitudes is very complex in terms of particle composition and energy distribution, the accurate experimental determination of doses at aviation altitudes is still a challenging task. Accordingly, the amount of data with comparatively small uncertainties is scarce. The Community Coordinated Modeling Center invited the Federal Aviation Administration, the German Aerospace Center, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to make their radiation models for aviation CARI‐7A, PANDOCA, and NAIRAS available for interested users via the Community Coordinated Modeling Center web site. A concomitant comparison of model calculations with measuring data provided information on the predicting capabilities and the uncertainties of the current versions of these models under quiet space weather conditions.
On the Characteristics of Velocities Fields in the Vicinity of Manhole Inlet Grates During Flood Events
Authors: Martins R. , Rubinato M. , Kesserwani G. , Leandro J. , Djordjević S. , Shucksmith J. D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe accurate characterization of flow from urban surfaces to sewer/stormwater systems is important for urban drainage design and flood modeling/risk identification. However, the geometrical complexity and large variety of drainage structures (linking elements) available makes model calibration and verification difficult. In this study an extensive comparison between experimentally measured and numerically modeled flow characteristics in the vicinity of ten different designs of manhole grate was performed under drainage flow in subcritical conditions. Using a 2‐D surface PIV (sPIV) system the work presents the first detailed characterization of velocity fields around these linking elements. In addition, it provides the first detailed verification of the ability of a 2‐D numerical model to describe both velocity fields and drainage flows. The overall comparison shows a close relationship between numerical and the experimental results with some higher inflows in the experimental results as a consequence of a localized transition from weir to orifice condition near the void areas of the grates. It was also noted that velocity differences decreased further from the manhole, due mainly to the more directional flow. Overall the work demonstrates the potential for further use of 2‐D numerical models to describe flow conditions at linking elements, either directly within modeling simulations or indirectly via the characterization of energy loss coefficients.
Lipidome alterations in human prefrontal cortex during development, aging, and cognitive disorders
Authors: Yu Qianhui , He Zhisong , Zubkov Dmitry , Huang Shuyun , Kurochkin Ilia , Yang Xiaode , Halene Tobias , Willmitzer Lothar , Giavalisco Patrick , Akbarian Schahram , Khaitovich Philipp 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLipids are essential to brain functions, yet they remain largely unexplored. Here we investigated the lipidome composition of prefrontal cortex gray matter in 396 cognitively healthy individuals with ages spanning 100 years, as well as 67 adult individuals diagnosed with autism (ASD), schizophrenia (SZ), and Down syndrome (DS). Of the 5024 detected lipids, 95% showed significant age-dependent concentration differences clustering into four temporal stages, and resulting in a gradual increase in membrane fluidity in individuals ranging from newborn to nonagenarian. Aging affects 14% of the brain lipidome with late-life changes starting predominantly at 50–55 years of age—a period of general metabolic transition. All three diseases alter the brain lipidome composition, leading—among other things—to a concentration decrease in glycerophospholipid metabolism and endocannabinoid signaling pathways. Lipid concentration decreases in SZ were further linked to genetic variants associated with disease, indicating the relevance of the lipidome changes to disease progression.
Augmented CD4+ T-cell and humoral responses after repeated annual influenza vaccination with the same vaccine component A/H1N1pdm09 over 5 years
Authors: Trieu Mai-Chi , Zhou Fan , Lartey Sarah Larteley , Sridhar Saranya , Mjaaland Siri , Cox Rebecca Jane 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAnnual seasonal influenza vaccination is recommended for high-risk populations and often occupational groups such as healthcare workers (HCWs). Repeated annual vaccination has been reported to either have no impact or reduce antibody responses or protection. However, whether repeated vaccination influences T-cell responses has not been sufficiently studied, despite the increasing evidence of the protective roles of T-cell immunity. Here, we explored the impact of repeated annual vaccination with the same vaccine strain (H1N1pdm09) over multiple seasons in the post-2009 pandemic era and showed that repeated vaccination increased both T-cell and humoral responses. Using the T-cell FluroSpot and intracellular cytokine-staining, the hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and the memory B-cell (MBC) ELISpot assays, we investigated pre- and postvaccination T cells, antibodies, and MBCs in a cohort of HCWs repeatedly vaccinated with H1N1pdm09 for 5 years (pandemic vaccination in 2009 and subsequently annual seasonal vaccination containing H1N1pdm09 during 2010–2013). We found that the prevaccination H1N1pdm09-specific T cells, antibodies, and MBCs were significantly increased after 3–4 repeated vaccinations and maintained at high levels throughout seasons 2012 and 2013. The cross-reactive IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ cells recognizing conserved viral external or internal epitopes were also maintained throughout 2012 and 2013. Repeated vaccination improved the multifunctional memory CD4+ responses. Particularly, the IFN-γ+TNF-α+CD4+ T cells were boosted following each vaccination. HI antibodies were significantly induced after each vaccination over 5 years. Our findings indicate a broad impact of repeated annual vaccination, even with the same vaccine component, on the influenza-specific T-cell and humoral immunity and support the continuing recommendation of annual influenza vaccination.
Studies on structure property relations of efficient decal substrates for industrial grade membrane electrode assembly development in pemfc
Authors: Akella Sri Harsha , D. Ebenezer , R. S. Sai Siddhardha , Ahire Alkesh , Mal Nawal Kishor 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElectrode fabrication and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) processes are critical steps in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology. The properties of decal substrate material are important in decal coating technique for efficient transfer of catalyst layer. In the present study, MEAs are fabricated in decal method using 6 different decal substrates among which polypropylene (PP) is found ideal. Morphological, thermal, spectroscopic and sessile drop measurements are conducted for 6 decal substrates to evaluate the thermal and physicochemical properties. Studies indicate PP is thermally stable at hot-press conditions, having optimal hydrophobicity that hinders the coagulation of catalyst ink slurry cast. The pristine PP film has been identified to showcase 100% transfer yield onto the Nafion membrane without contamination and delamination of catalyst layer from membrane. The PP based MEAs are evaluated underconstant current mode in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test fixture. The performance is found to be of 0.6 V at a constant current density of 1.2 A.cm−2. Besides, the cost of PP-film is only 7.5% of Kapton-film, and hence the current research work enables the high throughput electrode fabrication process for PEMFC commercialization.
Plant diversity drives global patterns of insect invasions
Authors: Liebhold Andrew M. , Yamanaka Takehiko , Roques Alain , Augustin Sylvie , Chown Steven L. , Brockerhoff Eckehard G. , Pyšek Petr 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDuring the last two centuries, thousands of insect species have been transported (largely inadvertently) and established outside of their native ranges worldwide, some with catastrophic ecological and economic impacts. Global variation in numbers of invading species depends on geographic variation in propagule pressure and heterogeneity of environmental resistance to invasions. Elton’s diversity-invasibility hypothesis, proposed over sixty years ago, has been widely explored for plants but little is known on how biodiversity affects insect invasions. Here we use species inventories from 44 land areas, ranging from small oceanic islands to entire continents in various world regions, to show that numbers of established insect species are primarily driven by diversity of plants, with both native and non-native plant species richness being the strongest predictor of insect invasions. We find that at large spatial scales, plant diversity directly explains variation in non-native insect species richness among world regions, while geographic factors such as land area, climate and insularity largely affect insect invasions indirectly via their effects on local plant richness.
Unbiased shRNA screening, using a combination of FACS and high-throughput sequencing, enables identification of novel modifiers of Polycomb silencing
Authors: Nishioka Kenichi , Miyazaki Hitomi , Soejima Hidenobu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPolycomb silencing is an important and rapidly growing field that is relevant to a broad range of aspects of human health, including cancer and stem cell biology. To date, the regulatory mechanisms for the fine-tuning of Polycomb silencing remain unclear, but it is likely that there is a series of unidentified factors that functionally modify or balance the silencing. However, a practical gene screening strategy for identifying such factors has not yet been developed. The failure of screening strategies used thus far is probably due to the effect of the loss-of-function phenotypes of these factors on cell cycle progression. Here, by applying fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology in a large-scale lentivirus-mediated shRNA screening, we obtained a consecutive dataset from all shRNAs tested, which highlighted a substantial number of genes that may control Polycomb silencing. We consider that this unbiased strategy can readily be applied to a wide range of studies to uncover novel regulatory layers for expression of genes of interest.
Changes in the Synchrony of Multimodal Communication in Early Language Development
Authors: Murillo Eva , Ortega Carlota , Otones Alicia , Rujas Irene , Casla Marta 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The aim of this study is to analyze the changes in temporal synchrony between gesture and speech of multimodal communicative behaviors in the transition from babbling to two-word productions.

Method
Ten Spanish-speaking children were observed at 9, 12, 15, and 18 months of age in a semistructured play situation. We longitudinally analyzed the synchrony between gestures and vocal productions and between their prominent parts. We also explored the relationship between gestural–vocal synchrony and independent measures of language development.

Results
Results showed that multimodal communicative behaviors tend to be shorter with age, with an increasing overlap of its constituting elements. The same pattern is found when considering the synchrony between the prominent parts. The proportion of overlap between gestural and vocal elements at 15 months of age as well as the proportion of the stroke overlapped with vocalization appear to be related to lexical development 3 months later.

Conclusions
These results suggest that children produce gestures and vocalizations as coordinated elements of a single communication system before the transition to the two-word stage. This coordination is related to subsequent lexical development in this period.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6912242
Partial discharge localisation methodology for power transformers based on improved acoustic propagation route search algorithm
Authors: Wang Yan‐Bo , Fan Yu‐Hang , Qin Shao‐Rui , Chang Ding‐Ge , Shao Xian‐Jun , Mu Hai‐Bao , Zhang Guan‐Jun 
Published: August 2018

The localisation of partial discharge (PD) sources using the acoustic emission (AE) technique hasattracted increasing research attention. The complicated propagation routes andwave‐type conversion in power transformer can induce considerable localisationerror. In this paper, the catadioptric phenomenon of AE wave propagation isexplained in detail. With the incident angle varying, the wave type of thedirect wave in tank wall could convert and the velocity will change accordingly.A transformer model is established in which each node refers to a suspected PDposition and a shortest route search algorithm is proposed to calculate theshortest path between two nodes in this model. However, the fastest route ismost significant to PD localisation rather than the shortest route when TDOAmethod is used. As a result, an improved propagation route search (IPRS)algorithm, which can recreate the propagation process and calculate the fastestAE routes, is proposed to localise the PD origin. To verify the feasibility ofthe IPRS algorithm, localisation experiments were performed in 35 and 110 kVtransformers, respectively. Compared with other present localisation methods,such as the Chan algorithm, the genetic algorithm and the imperial competitivealgorithm, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce localisation error.
Feature extraction using frequency spectrum and time domain analysis of vibration signals to monitoring advanced ceramic in grinding process
Authors: Junior Pedro O.C. , Aguiar Paulo R. , Foschini Cesar R. , França Thiago V. , Ribeiro Danilo M.S. , Ferreira Fabio I. , Lopes Wenderson N. , Bianchi Eduardo C. 
Published: August 2018

New alternatives for monitoring the ceramic grinding process have been studied. Monitoring vibration signals is one of the most successful methods because some characteristics that describe the behaviour and influence of the process on ground parts are only noticeable by studying such signals. This study aims to monitor the finishing of advanced ceramics during the surface grinding process via digital processing of the vibration signals. Experimental tests were performed using a surface tangential grinding machine with a diamond grinding wheel and alumina (Al2O3) test specimens. The vibration signal was measured by an accelerometer and recorded by an oscilloscope at a 2 MHz sampling rate. The tests were conducted at different depths of cut for two workpiece speeds (vw) under mild and severe machining conditions. Confocal microscopy and surface roughness Ra measurements were performed after grinding each workpiece to classify the samples. Digital signal processing was performed to achieve feature extraction. A frequency range of 800 Hz–2 kHz was most strongly related to the post‐grinding ceramic condition. A correlation was found between vibration and integrity of the ceramic workpiece because the vibration signal was proportional to the surface roughness for each cutting depth used. To support the conclusion presented, a statistical analysis through variance by analysis of variance was performed.
Fibered visible interferometry and adaptive optics: FRIEND at CHARA
Authors: Martinod M. A. , Mourard D. , Bério P. , Perraut K. , Meilland A. , Bailet C. , Bresson Y. , ten Brummelaar T. , Clausse J. M. , Dejonghe J. , Ireland M. , Millour F. , Monnier J. D. , Sturmann J. , Sturmann L. , Tallon M. 
Published: August 2018

Aims. In the context of the future developments of long baseline interferometry at visible wavelengths, we have built a prototype instrument called Fibered spectrally Resolved Interferometer – New Design (FRIEND) based on single mode fibers and a new generation detector called Electron Multiplying Charge-Coupled Device (EMCCD). Installed on the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) array, it aims to estimate the performance of a fibered instrument in the visible when coupled with telescopes equipped with adaptive optics (AO) in partial correction.
Methods. We observed different sequences of targets and reference stars to study the compensation of the birefringence of the fibers, the coupling efficiency in various conditions of correction, and to calibrate our numerical model of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). We also used a known binary star to demonstrate the reliability and the precision of our squared visibility and closure phase measurements.
Results. We firstly present a reliable and stable solution for compensating the birefringence of the fibers with an improvement of a factor of 1.5 of the instrumental visibility. We then demonstrate an improvement by a factor of between 2.5 and 3 of the coupling efficiency when using the LABAO systems in closed loop. The third results of our paper is the demonstration of the correct calibration of the parameters of our S/N estimator provided the correct excess noise factor of EMCCD is correctly taken into account. Finally with the measurements of the angular separation, difference of magnitude and individual diameters of the two components of ζ Ori A, we demonstrate the reliability and precision of our interferometric estimators, and in particular a median residual on the closure phase of 1.2°.