bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergent gravity from relatively local Hamiltonians and a possible resolution of the black hole information puzzle
Authors: Lee Sung-Sik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study a possibility where gravity and time emerge from quantum matter. Within the Hilbert space of matter fields defined on a spatial manifold, we consider a sub-Hilbert space spanned by states which are parameterized by spatial metric. In those states, metric is introduced as a collective variable that controls local structures of entanglement. The underlying matter fields endow the states labeled by metric with an unambiguous inner product. Then we construct a Hamiltonian for the matter fields that is an endomorphism of the sub-Hilbert space, thereby inducing a quantum Hamiltonian of the metric. It is shown that there exists a matter Hamiltonian that induces the general relativity in the semi-classical field theory limit. Although the Hamiltonian is not local in the absolute sense, it has a weaker notion of locality, calledrelative locality: the range of interactions is set by the entanglement present in target states on which the Hamiltonian acts. In general, normalizable states are not invariant under the transformations generated by the Hamiltonian. As a result, a physical state spontaneously breaks the Hamiltonian constraint, and picks a moment of time. The subsequent flow of time can be understood as a Goldstone mode associated with the broken symmetry. The construction allows one to study dynamics of gravity from the perspective of matter fields. The Hawking radiation corresponds to a unitary evolution where entanglement across horizon is gradually transferred from color degrees of freedom to singlet degrees of freedom. The underlying quantum states remain pure as evaporating black holes keep entanglement with early Hawking radiations in the singlet sector which is not captured by the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.
Geochemical Evidences for Possible Absence of Cu-Sulfide Deposits in the Deccan Volcanic Province, India
Authors: Laxman More B. , Kumar K. Vijaya 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Continental flood basalt provinces (CFBs) are important hosts for large-scale Cu-sulfide deposits. However, sulfide mineralization is yet to be discovered, if any, in the end-Cretaceous Deccan volcanic province, India. In the present study, geochemical evidences for the possible absence of Cu-sulfide deposits associated with the Deccan basalts by analyzing and comparing the geochemistries of the Deccan and Siberian CFBs are provided. The Fe-rich nature and high fO2 conditions did not favour sulfide saturation at any stage of magma evolution in the Deccan province. Crustal contamination of the Deccan magmas also did not increase the sulfur budget. The most contaminated basalts of Bushe and Poladpur formations of the Deccan province do not show any depletion in the copper contents compared to other formations. In the absence of sulfide saturation, copper behaved as an incompatible element in the Deccan magmas in contrast to the Siberian basalts, in which copper behaved as a compatible element during magma evolution due to sulfide saturation consequently formed world-class copper sulfide deposits. It is demonstrated that the lithosphere- and asthenosphere-derived Deccan magmas have similar Cu abundances thereby suggesting that the Cu-sulfide deposits associated with the CFBs are process-controlled rather than source-controlled. Although Cu-sulfide deposits may not have formed, the geochemical patterns suggest favourable conditions for native copper mineralization in the Deccan volcanic province. In the present study, a set of geochemical proxies that can be utilized as preliminary exploration tools for Cu-sulfide mineralization in the CFBs is proposed.
Evidences of CO2 Leakage During the Last Deglaciation: The Need to Understand Deep-ocean Carbonate Chemistry of the Arabian Sea
Authors: Naik Smita N. , Naik Sushant S. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
It is generally accepted view that the ventilation of Southern Ocean during the last deglaciation was the key factor in atmospheric CO2 rise. Further, other sites were identified, like the western equatorial Pacific, the Sub-Antarctic Atlantic and the eastern equatorial Pacific. Now there are evidences that CO2 was also released from the eastern Arabian Sea. The Arabian Sea is unique in characteristic, being land locked from the North and affected by monsoon winds and seasonal reversing circulations. Furthermore, the CO2 outgassing noticed during deglaciation makes it an interesting region to understand if the outgassing occurred from the deeper waters and hence led to any rise in deep-water [CO32−].
Evaluation of Organic Matter, Hydrocarbon Source, and Depositional Environment of Onshore Warkalli Sedimentary Sequence from Kerala-Konkan Basin, South India
Authors: Mathews Runcie P. , Singh Bhagwan D. , Singh Vikram P. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Multidisciplinary analysis of the carbonaceous sediments of Warkalli Formation (Mio-Pliocene) from the Warkalli cliff section has been done to assess the source of organic matter, palaeo-depositional settings and the hydrocarbon potential. The n-alkane distribution from n-C12 to n-C33 along with bimodal distribution indicates significant organic matter contribution from microbial activity and higher plants. The contribution from angiosperm source vegetation is indicated by the oleanane type of triterpenoids. The hopanes distribution indicates the immature stage of the organic matter, which is in agreement with the Tmax (av. 401 °C) and huminite reflectance (av. 0.28% Rr) values. The total organic carbon (TOC) contents vary between 0.8 and 6.72 wt. % in the studied sediments. Hydrogen index and oxygen index values range from 16 to106 mg HC/g TOC, and 113 to 344 mg CO2/g TOC, respectively. The maceral content is low, being dominated by the detrohuminite submaceral and the mineral matter accounts for 68 to 77% of the total composition. The phytoclast group (63-87%) is dominant with subordinate amorphous organic matter (4-35%). The study shows that the sediments were deposited in a marginal suboxic basin with intermittent variations. All the parameters unequivocally suggest that the studied sequence holds the potential to generate gaseous hydrocarbons.
Assessment of Interactions between River and Aquifer in the Gowri-hole Sub-catchment
Authors: Kumar S. Harish , Nagaraj M. K. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Surface water interacts with groundwater in many types of physiographic and hydrogeological conditions. Exchange of water varies spatially and temporally due to the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors. Interactions between a river and the underlying aquifer systems are often difficult to observe and measure. The objective of the present study is to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of river-aquifer interactions in the Gowri hole sub-catchment and quantify the amount of flow exchange between river and aquifer. In the study, a new conceptual model is developed using RIVER package of Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Modular Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) for the simulation of river-aquifer interaction processes. The sub-catchment of Gowri hole, which is a tributary of Kumaradhara river spread across an area of 134 km2 is considered. The model was calibrated from June 2004 to May 2010 under the transient condition with a daily step input of all necessary hydro-geological data. The calibrated model was validated from June 2010 to October 2012 from two monthly observation wells of Department of Mines and Geology and one seasonal observation well of Central Ground Water Board (CGWB). Gowri hole acted as a gaining river during the monsoons due to aquifer discharge and acted as a losing river due to river leakage during post-monsoon and summer months. River leakage continued to occur upto the end of summer months resulting in fragmentation of few river segments. Aquifer discharge sustained to exist even in the summer period avoiding the low flow river segments from drying.
Numerical Modeling of the Seasonal Dynamic Characteristics of the Koxkar Glacier, in West Tianshan, China
Authors: Wuzhen  , Zhang Huiwen , Liu Shiyin , Chen Junyin , Tan Dachen 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Glaciers have very different dynamic characteristics during the ablation and accumulation seasons. A dynamic model to study the flow of the Koxkar Glacier is used. Ice velocity, ice viscosity, and the stress variation at different depths were studied. The aim was to compare the change in the glacier’s physical characteristics with changes in air temperature, analyze the movement mechanism at different temperatures in different seasons, and identify why temperature is the main driving force of glacier movement and change. The results show that the surface stresses have similar trends in different seasons, and that the stress in winter is larger than that in summer. This causes the ice body to break and promotes crack formation. Ice viscosity has an obvious seasonal variation, and this is especially noticeable for near-surface ice viscosity. The stress at the bottom did not change much at different temperatures. This indicates that the stress at the bottom is mainly affected by glacier morphology, hydrological characteristics, and geothermal flow.
Integrated Reservoir Characterization and Petrophysical Analysis of Cretaceous Sands in Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Perveiz , Ehsan Muhammad Irfan , Akram Sohail , Din Zia Ud , Ghazi Shahid 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The reservoir character of the Cretaceous sand is evaluated in Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan where water flooding is very common. Thus, prediction of subsurface structure, lithology and reservoir characterization is fundamental for a successful oil or gas discovery. Seismic reflective response is an important tool to detect sub-surface structure. Seismic reflection response is not enough to highlight geological boundaries and fluids in the pore space therefore, the use of integrated approach is vital to map sub-surface heterogeneities with high level of confidence. Based on seismic character and continuity of prominent reflectors four seismic horizons are marked on the seismic sections. All the strata is highly disturbed and distorted with presence of a network of fault bounded horst and graben structures, which indicate that the area was under compressional tectonic regime. These fault bounded geological structure formed structural traps favorable for the accumulation of hydrocarbon. The petrophysical analysis reveals that the Cretaceous sand formation has four types of sand: Sand A, B, C and D with good porosity (15 % average) and low volume of shale. Although complete petroleum system is present with structural traps and reservoir character of sand interval is very good but these sands are highly saturated with water thus are water flooded, which is the main reason of the abundant wells in the study area.
The Characteristics and the Erodibility Potentials of Soils from Different Geologic Formations in Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Igwe Ogbonnaya , Egbueri Johnbosco C. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The characteristics and the erodibility potentials of soils from Benin, Ogwashi-Asaba, and Nanka formations in Anambra state, Nigeria were studied. The study involved an integration of field observations, geotechnical analyses, and topographical modelling. About ten gullies were identified in the field. However, six major gullies labeled BN1, BN2, OA1, OA2, NK1, and NK2 were chosen and studied extensively to represent the three geologic formations. The results showed that soil properties, anthropogenic activities, topography, fierce surface runoff, and sparse vegetation are the factors that commonly and systematically influence the characteristics and erodibility potentials of all these soils. However, anthropogenic activities and soil properties play the most, dominant roles in the erosional processes. The specific gravity of the soils are similar, with values ranging from 2.50 to 2.69. Compaction test revealed all the soils were loose and collapsible. Grain size analysis further revealed that they have low content of fines (&lt;25%, except for OA1 with 58.87%). The plasticity index of the fines indicated that they are nonplastic to low plastic soils (values range from 0-12%). The soils are highly to moderately permeable, with values ranging from 4.22x10−6m/sec to 4.34x10−4m/sec. All have low cohesion ranging from 1-7kPa, except for the OA1 with 27kPa. Based on the study, the three geologic formations have similar characteristics and high erodibility potentials; though OA1 has varied characteristics and thus, lower erodibility potential.
Remote Sensing and GIS Based Groundwater Potential Zone Mapping in Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Gnanachandrasamy G. , Zhou Yongzhang , Bagyaraj M. , Venkatramanan S. , Ramkumar T. , Wang Shugong 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The groundwater is the most precious resources around the world and is shrinking day by day. In connection, there is a need for demarcation of potential ground-water zone. The geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques have become important tools to locate ground-water potential zones. This research has been carried out to identify groundwater potential zone in Ariyalur of south India with help of GIS and remote sensing techniques. To identify the groundwater potential zone used by different thematic layers of geology, geomorphology, drainage, drainage density, lineaments, lineaments density, soil, rainfall, and slope with inverse distance weightage (IDW) methods. From the overall result the potential zone of groundwater in the study area classified into five classes named as very good (13.34 %), good (51.52 %), moderate (31.48 %), poor (2.82 %) and very poor (0.82 %). This study suggested that, very good potential zone of groundwater occur in patches in northern and central parts of Jayamkondam and Palur regions in Ariyalur district. The result exhibited that inverse distance weightage method offers an effective tool for interpreting groundwater potential zones for suitable development and management of groundwater resources in different hydro-geological environments.
Palmaris Longus Tendinopathy Diagnosed With Ultrasound: A Case Report
Authors: Norbury John W. , Morrison Eric J. 
Published: October 2018

This patient is a 52‐year‐old woman who was referred to the electrodiagnostic (EDX) laboratory for evaluation of pain and paresthesias of the left upper limb. The results of the EDX study were normal. However, ultrasound revealed tendinopathy of the palmaris longus tendon, manifested by increased hypoechogenicity, caliber, and tenderness in response to sonopalpation compared to the right side. To the authors' knowledge there are no reported cases of palmaris longus tendinopathy diagnosed with ultrasound. This case supports the use of point‐of‐care ultrasound to explore other possible causes of pathology in patients with paresthesias in the context of normal findings on an EDX study.Level of EvidenceV
Radial Nerve Injury Caused by Compression Garment for Lymphedema: A Case Report
Authors: Rhee Seung Yeon , Lee Sang Yoon , Jeon Ha Ra 
Published: October 2018

Lymphedema is a condition characterized by localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. To minimize fluid buildup and stimulate the flow of fluid through the lymphatic system, compression garments are usually applied to patients with lymphedema. There are few studies to report complications of compression garments to treat breast cancer‐related lymphedema. To our knowledge, this is the first report of radial nerve compression neuropathy associated with wearing a compression garment to treat lymphedema.
Level of Evidence: V
Registrar Trek – Collection management tangible and international
Authors: Kipp Angela 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRegistrars, collections managers, and other professionals tasked with the practicalities of acquiring, storing, loaning, and shipping collections often face the same challenges but are left with few ways to communicate their experiences. Specialist literature is usually only available in English - a problem for the diverse, international profession. As a solution, the blog “Registrar Trek” was created in 2012 to overcome language barriers and connect the profession.
Out of the stacks and into the studios: A creative approach to information literacy
Authors: Salisbury Mackenzie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAt the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC), Master of Fine Arts (MFA) students are often not aware of the library and its resources. As a way to address this gap, Flaxman Librarians have organized studio visits, in which librarians visit students’ studios to hear about their work and offer library resources to support it. Using the ACRL Framework and SAIC's core values as a guide, we are able to assess and address students' current methods/modes of research, as well as their artistic practice. In addition, we are able to forge new relationships with these students throughout their program and increase outreach to a program not targeted for traditional information literacy.
BOREL FUNCTORS AND INFINITARY INTERPRETATIONS
Authors: HARRISON-TRAINOR MATTHEW , MILLER RUSSELL , MONTALBÁN ANTONIO 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe introduce the notion of infinitary interpretation of structures. In general, an interpretation between structures induces a continuous homomorphism between their automorphism groups, and furthermore, it induces a functor between the categories of copies of each structure. We show that for the case of infinitary interpretation the reversals are also true: every Baire-measurable homomorphism between the automorphism groups of two countable structures is induced by an infinitary interpretation, and every Baire-measurable functor between the set of copies of two countable structures is induced by an infinitary interpretation. Furthermore, we show that the complexities are maintained in the sense that if the functor is ${\bf{\Delta }}_\alpha ^0$, then the interpretation that induces it is ${\rm{\Delta }}_\alpha ^{in}$ up to ${\bf{\Delta }}_\alpha ^0$ equivalence.
Suspected meteorite fragments in marine sediments from East Antarctica
Authors: Pant Naresh C. , Jimenez-Espejo Francisco J. , Cook Cary P. , Biswas Paromita , Mckay Robert , Marchesi Claudio , Ito Motoo , Upadhyay Dewashish , Kuroda Junichiro , Shimizu Kenji , Senda Ryoko , Van De Flierdt Tina , Takano Yoshinori , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Escutia Carlota , Shrivastava Prakash K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnusual mafic rock fragments deposited in Plio-Pleistocene-aged marine sediments were recorded at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1359, in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. These fragments were identified from sediment layers deposited between c. 3 and 1.2 Ma, indicating a sustained supply during this time interval. Clinopyroxenes in these basalts are Al–Ti diopside–hedenbergite, uncommon in terrestrial magmatic rocks. A single strong peak in the Raman spectra of a phosphate-bearing mineral at 963 cm-1 supports the presence of merrillite. Although not conclusive, petrological traits and oxygen isotopic compositions also suggest that the fragments may be extra-terrestrial fragments affected by shock metamorphism. Nevertheless, it is concluded that the basaltic fragments incorporated in marine sediments at Site U1359 represent ice-rafted material supplied to the continental rise of East Antarctica, probably from the bedrocks near the proximal Ninnis Glacier. Further studies on Plio-Pleistocene sediments near Site U1359 are required to characterize the unusual mafic rocks described.
Pumilio1 phosphorylation precedes translational activation of its target mRNA in zebrafish oocytes
Authors: Saitoh Atsushi , Takada Yuki , Horie Mayu , Kotani Tomoya 
Published: October 2018

SummaryTranslational regulation of mRNAs is crucial for promoting various cellular and developmental processes. Pumilio1 (Pum1) has been shown to play key roles in translational regulation of target mRNAs in many systems of diverse organisms. In zebrafish immature oocytes, Pum1 was shown to bind tocyclin B1mRNA and promote the formation ofcyclin B1RNA granules. This Pum1-mediated RNA granule formation seemed critical to determine the timing of translational activation ofcyclin B1mRNA during oocyte maturation, leading to activation of maturation/M-phase-promoting factor (MPF) at the appropriate timing. Despite its fundamental importance, the mechanisms of translational regulation by Pum1 remain elusive. In this study, we examined the phosphorylation of Pum1 as a first step to understand the mechanisms of Pum1-mediated translation. SDS-PAGE analyses and phosphatase treatments showed that Pum1 was phosphorylated at multiple sites during oocyte maturation. This phosphorylation began in an early period after induction of oocyte maturation, which preceded the polyadenylation ofcyclin B1mRNA. Interestingly, depolymerization of actin filaments in immature oocytes caused phosphorylation of Pum1, disassembly ofcyclin B1RNA granules, and polyadenylation ofcyclin B1mRNA but not translational activation of the mRNA. Overexpression of the Pum1 N-terminus prevented the phosphorylation of Pum1, disassembly ofcyclin B1RNA granules, and translational activation of the mRNA even after induction of oocyte maturation. These results suggest that Pum1 phosphorylation in the early period of oocyte maturation is one of the key processes for promoting the disassembly ofcyclin B1RNA granules and translational activation of target mRNA.
Constraints on Cooling of the Lower Ocean Crust From Epidote Veins in the Wadi Gideah Section, Oman Ophiolite
Authors: Bieseler B. , Diehl A. , Jöns N. , Lucassen F. , Bach W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTiming, depth, and extent of high‐temperature hydrothermal alteration in the ocean crust is key to understanding how lower oceanic crust is cooled after accretion. Epidote veins were collected in spatially recurring zones of intense alteration of the lower crustal Wadi Gideah section and the root zone of sheeted dykes at Wadi Amadhi. 87Sr/86Sr ratios feature a narrow range from 0.70429 to 0.70512, while O isotope compositions vary between −0.7‰ and +4.9‰ in δ18OSMOW. These compositions indicate water‐rock ratios between 1 and 5 and formation temperatures in the range of 300 to 450 °C. Fluid inclusion entrapment temperatures for a subset of samples linearly increase from 338 °C to 465 °C in lowermost 3 km of crust of the Wadi Gideah section and record 340 °C for the Wadi Amadhi basal sheeted dike sample. Salinities are uniform throughout and scatter closely around seawater values (3.2 ± 0.2 wt%). A model in which cooling down to 2 km (i.e., the depth of the melt lens) is followed by slow off‐axis hydrothermal cooling of the lower crust to 1 Myr predicts a thermal gradient for the lower crust that matches this observed trend for ages between 1 and 2.5 Myr. We suggest that the epidote veins formed in off‐axial hydrothermal systems that reach the base of the crust within 50‐ to 100‐km off axis. This deep circulation provides an efficient mechanism for mining heat that escapes the crust in the young flanks of mid‐ocean ridges.