bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A taxonomically broad metagenomic survey of 339 species spanning 57 families suggests cystobasidiomycete yeasts are not ubiquitous across all lichens
Authors: Lendemer James C. , Keepers Kyle G. , Tripp Erin A. , Pogoda Cloe S. , McCain Christy M. , Kane Nolan C. 
Published: August 2019

PremiseLichens are fungi that enter into obligate symbioses with photosynthesizing organisms (algae, cyanobacteria). Traditional narratives of lichens as binary symbiont pairs have given way to their recognition as dynamic metacommunities. Basidiomycete yeasts, particularly of the genus Cyphobasidium, have been inferred to be widespread and important components of lichen metacommunities. Yet, the presence of basidiomycete yeasts across a wide diversity of lichen lineages has not previously been tested.MethodsWe searched for lichen‐associated cystobasidiomycete yeasts in newly generated metagenomic data from 413 samples of 339 lichen species spanning 57 families and 25 orders. The data set was generated as part of a large‐scale project to study lichen biodiversity gradients in the southern Appalachian Mountains Biodiversity Hotspot of southeastern North America.ResultsOur efforts detected cystobasidiomycete yeasts in nine taxa (Bryoria nadvornikiana, Heterodermia leucomelos, Lecidea roseotincta, Opegrapha vulgata, Parmotrema hypotropum, P. subsumptum, Usnea cornuta, U. strigosa, and U. subgracilis), representing 2.7% of all species sampled. Seven of these taxa (78%) are foliose (leaf‐like) or fruticose (shrubby) lichens that belong to families where basidiomycete yeasts have been previously detected. In several of the nine cases, cystobasidiomycete rDNA coverage was comparable to, or greater than, that of the primary lichen fungus single‐copy nuclear genomic rDNA, suggesting sampling artifacts are unlikely to account for our results.ConclusionsStudies from diverse areas of the natural sciences have led to the need to reconceptualize lichens as dynamic metacommunities. However, our failure to detect cystobasidiomycetes in 97.3% (330 species) of the sampled species suggests that basidiomycete yeasts are not ubiquitous in lichens.
The nutritional importance of invertebrates to female Cebus capucinus imitator in a highly seasonal tropical dry forest
Authors: Bergstrom Mackenzie L. , Hogan Jeremy D. , Melin Amanda D. , Fedigan Linda M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesInvertebrates are important foods for many primates and provide valuable nutrients often unavailable from plant sources. We examine the diet of white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus imitator) to determine: (a) timing and types of invertebrate food consumption; (b) whether invertebrate consumption varies with availability of plant foods; and (c) how invertebrates contribute to energy and protein intake of females during different reproductive states.Materials and methodsWe analyze 2 years of behavioral data from 25 adult female capuchins to determine which invertebrates are eaten. We describe annual and monthly invertebrate consumption patterns, and, employing circular statistics, analyze seasonal consumption of the four most important invertebrate groups eaten. We apply logistic regression analyses to tree density and fruit energy data to determine whether capuchin invertebrate foraging is related to fruit energy availability of their most commonly consumed fruits. We evaluate the nutritional contribution of invertebrates to energetic and protein requirements of females over time and across reproductive stages.ResultsCapuchins consumed invertebrates from 21 identifiable groups, but their diet was dominated by four orders: Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera. All four orders were consumed in a significantly seasonal pattern, and reduced fruit energy availability was a significant predictor of increased invertebrate foraging. Capuchin females often required invertebrate energy intake to meet their overall monthly energetic needs, particularly while they were lactating, even though they appear to exceed their protein requirements every month.DiscussionThese results indicate that invertebrate consumption is critical for capuchin energetic needs, particularly during periods of reduced fruit availability and lactation.
Can patch size and patch distance improve the recolonization of mussel‐seed beds exploited for aquaculture?
Authors: Barrientos Sara , Barreiro Rodolfo , Olmedo Mercedes , Piñeiro‐Corbeira Cristina 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Industrial‐scale exploitation of mussel seed from the rocky intertidal of north‐western Iberia is known to be detrimental for many organisms that live on or among the competitively dominant Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis).
Searching for practices that may ameliorate the damage caused by mussel‐seed harvesting, the influence of two properties of the exploitation (patch size and patch distance) on the recolonization of the intertidal assemblage was assessed using a split‐plot design, replicating the techniques used by professional collectors. Patch recolonization was monitored by monthly records of the cover of sessile and sedentary organisms within and outside clearings throughout the official closed season (7 months).
Patch distance and patch size had a moderate influence on recolonization. Regardless of size and/or distance, richness and diversity stayed below control values until the end of the study, whereas total coverage was significantly smaller in the smallest patches than in control plots, but it recovered to control values in medium and large ones. Patch separation had a mostly non‐significant effect on assemblage attributes, except for a slightly greater richness and diversity in patches cleared close together than when they were apart.
Larger, close patches were more readily recolonized than smaller, isolated ones, possibly because the neighbouring herbivores had a negative impact during the early recolonization of the open space during the season when the shore is closed to commercial seed mussel harvesting. Nonetheless, the recolonizing assemblage consistently displayed a distinctive species composition until the end of the study, in part because clearings favoured the arrival of early colonizers, such as Ulva spp., Chthamalus sp., or Porphyra umbilicalis.
The consistently distinctive species composition of the recolonizing assemblage suggests that time—a too short closed season—rather than patch size and/or distance is the major obstacle to a more complete recovery of mussel‐seed exploited beds.
Disordered Antigens and Epitope Overlap Between Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibodies and Rheumatoid Factor in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zheng Zihao , Mergaert Aisha M. , Fahmy Lauren M. , Bawadekar Mandar , Holmes Caitlyn L. , Ong Irene M. , Bridges Alan J. , Newton Michael A. , Shelef Miriam A. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveAnti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are commonly present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) without a clear rationale for their coexistence. Moreover, autoantibodies develop against proteins with different posttranslational modifications and native proteins without obvious unifying characteristics of the antigens. We undertook this study to broadly evaluate autoantibody binding in seronegative and seropositive RA to identify novel features of reactivity.MethodsAn array was created using a total of 172,828 native peptides, citrulline‐containing peptides, and homocitrulline‐containing peptides derived primarily from proteins citrullinated in the rheumatoid joint. IgG and IgM binding to peptides were compared between cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)–positive RF+, CCP+RF−, CCP−RF+, and CCP−RF− serum from RA patients (n = 48) and controls (n = 12). IgG‐bound and endogenously citrullinated peptides were analyzed for amino acid patterns and predictors of intrinsic disorder, i.e., unstable 3‐dimensional structure. Binding to IgG‐derived peptides was specifically evaluated. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay confirmed key results.ResultsBroadly, CCP+RF+ patients had high citrulline‐specific IgG binding to array peptides and CCP+RF− and CCP−RF+ patients had modest citrulline‐specific IgG binding (median Z scores 3.02, 1.42, and 0.75, respectively; P < 0.0001). All RA groups had low homocitrulline‐specific binding. CCP+RF+ patients had moderate IgG binding to native peptides (median Z score 2.38; P < 0.0001). The highest IgG binding was to citrulline‐containing peptides, irrespective of protein identity, especially if citrulline was adjacent to glycine or serine, motifs also seen in endogenous citrullination in the rheumatoid joint. Highly bound peptides had multiple features predictive of disorder. IgG from CCP+RF+ patients targeted citrulline‐containing IgG‐derived peptides.ConclusionDisordered antigens, which are frequently citrullinated, and common epitopes for ACPAs and RF are potentially unifying features for RA autoantibodies.
Controlling the multi‐plant networked system with external perturbations via adaptive model‐based event‐triggered strategy
Authors: Yang Pan , Feng Jianwen , Fu Xinchu , Xu Chen , Wang Jingyi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper concerns the multi‐plant networked control system with external perturbations by applying the adaptive model‐based event‐triggered control strategy. Compared with existing works, we introduce multiple plants topology in order to smooth the information exchanges among different plants. Gained insight into the adaptive model features in the view of event‐triggered thought, the event‐triggered rules, determining when the control inputs update, are obtained using the Lyapunov technique to reduce the communication cost. By designing some adaptive updating laws combined with the concept of event‐triggered, the unknown parameters in uncertain multi‐plant networked control systems are real‐time online estimated and adjusted with respect to the relevant nominal systems at event‐triggered instants. To avoid Zeno phenomena, a lower bound of event‐triggered execution interval is discussed. Furthermore, given the external perturbations,
gain stability theory is introduced to analyze the stability of multi‐plant networked control systems with bounded perturbations, and then the sufficient conditions related to the multiple plants topology structure are derived. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our theoretic results.
Oseltamivir use in pregnancy: Risk of birth defects, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age infants
Authors: Chambers Christina D. , Johnson Diana , Xu Ronghui , Luo Yunjun , Jones Kenneth L. ,   the OTIS Collaborative Research Group
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza infection during pregnancy increases risks for adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus. For this reason, treatment for infection or postexposure prophylaxis with a neuraminidase inhibitor, such as oseltamivir, may be needed.MethodsBetween 2009 and 2017, the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS) MotherToBaby Pregnancy Studies enrolled pregnant women in the United States and Canada who were or were not treated with oseltamivir in a prospective cohort study. Data were collected on major birth defects, spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age birth size. Crude relative risks (RRs) or hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated together with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for these outcomes.ResultsThere were 716 subjects available for analysis; 112 were exposed to oseltamivir sometime in pregnancy and 604 were unexposed. 2/30 (6.7%) first‐trimester‐exposed pregnancies resulted in a fetus or infant with one or more major birth defects compared to 48/604 (7.9%) in the unexposed cohort (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.19, 2.80). There were no spontaneous abortions reported. Risk of preterm delivery was not elevated in exposed versus comparison women (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.26, 1.63). RRs for small for gestational age infants on weight, length, and head circumference following oseltamivir exposure anytime in pregnancy ranged from 0.70 to 1.30 with all 95% CIs including 1.ConclusionWe found no evidence of increased risks with oseltamivir for any of the outcomes evaluated. While numbers are small, these data are reassuring for pregnant women who need to be treated for infection or for postexposure prophylaxis.
Die Polarlehrer
Authors: Lehmann Rainer , Kallfelz Monika 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Internationale Polarjahr 2007/08 ermöglichte Lehrkräften die aktive Teilnahme an wissenschaftlichen Polarexpeditionen in die Arktis und Antarktis. Diese Art von Fortbildung führte zu unmittelbaren Erfahrungen, die hautnah Schülerinnen und Schülern vermittelt wurden. Sie ist Teil des Arbeitskreises Polarlehrer der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Polarforschung. Zudem initiieren Polarlehrer auch unterschiedlichste Polar‐Projekte für die junge Generation an ihren Schulen. Sie tauschen sich auf Arbeitskreis‐Treffen aus, pflegen die Zusammenarbeit mit Wissenschaftlern und publizieren Unterrichtsmaterialien. Ziel ist die Vermittlung aktueller Forschungsfragen, ‐methoden und ‐ergebnisse. Sie sollen die Kompetenzen der Schülerinnen und Schüler zum Klimawandel und den besonders betroffenen Polarregionen fördern.
Polyphenol Characterization, Antioxidant and Skin Whitening Properties of Alnus cordata Stem Bark
Authors: Smeriglio Antonella , D'Angelo Valeria , Denaro Marcella , Trombetta Domenico , Raimondo Francesco Maria , Germanò Maria Paola 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the phenolic composition of the crude extract (MeOH 80 %) of Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby stem bark (ACE) and its antioxidant and skin whitening properties. RP‐LC‐DAD analysis showed a high content of hydroxycinnamic acids (47.64 %), flavanones (26.74 %) and diarylheptanoids (17.69 %). Furthermore, ACE exhibited a dose‐dependent antioxidant and free‐radical scavenging activity, expressed as half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC, IC50 1.78 μg mL−1)>Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC, IC50 3.47 μg mL−1)>2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, IC50 5.83 μg mL−1)>β‐carotene bleaching (IC50 11.58 μg mL−1)>Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, IC50 17.28 μg mL−1). Moreover, ACE was able to inhibit in vitro tyrosinase activity (IC50 77.44 μg mL−1), l‐DOPA auto‐oxidation (IC50 39.58 μg mL−1) and in an in vivo model it exhibited bleaching effects on the pigmentation of zebrafish embryos (72 h post fertilization) without affecting their development and survival. In conclusion, results show that A. cordata stem bark may be considered a potential source of agents for the treatment of skin disorders due to its bleaching properties and favorable safety profiles, associated to a good antioxidant power.
Influence of the facility caseload on the subsequent survival of men with localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy
Authors: Barzi Afsaneh , Lara Primo N. , Tsao‐Wei Denice , Yang Dongyun , Gill Inderbir S. , Daneshmand Siamak , Klein Eric A. , Pinski Jacek K. , Penson David F. , Quinn David I. , Sadeghi Sarmad 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundSeveral studies have investigated the relationship between experience measured by caseload and oncological outcomes, economics, and access to care for prostate cancer care. Oncological outcomes have been limited to biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy. Questions remain regarding the more definitive measures of outcomes and their relationship with caseload.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was used to investigate the outcomes of radical prostatectomy in the United States. With overall survival (OS) as the primary outcome, the relationship between the facility annual caseload (FAC) for all prostate cancer encounters and the facility annual surgical caseload (FASC) for those requiring radical prostatectomy was examined with a Cox proportional hazards model. Four volume groups were defined by caseload: <50th percentile (volume group 1 [VG1]), 50th to 74th percentiles (volume group 2 [VG2]), 75th to 89th percentiles (volume group 3 [VG3]), and ≥90th percentile (volume group 4 [VG4]). By FAC/FASC, 11%/8%, 17%/18%, 25%/26%, and 47%/49% of patients were treated in VG1 through VG4, respectively.ResultsBetween 2004 and 2014, 488,389 patients underwent radical prostatectomy. At a median follow‐up of 60.75 months, the median OS was not reached. There was a significant OS benefit as the caseload increased. For FAC, the adjusted OS difference between VG1 and VG4 at 90th percentile survivorship reached 13.2 months (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.23‐1.36; P < .0001). For FASC, this was 11.3 months (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.192‐1.321; P < .0001).ConclusionsThere is a statistically significant OS advantage from performing radical prostatectomy at a facility with a high annual caseload. Caseload measured by all prostate cancer encounters is a better predictor of favorable outcomes than the number of surgeries performed at a facility.Lay Summary

An in‐depth analysis of 488,389 cases of radical prostatectomy performed in more than 1000 facilities over a 10‐year period showed better survival when surgery was performed in facilities with more experience and greater caseload.

A survival difference of up to 13 months was observed when comparing patients treated at less experienced versus more experienced centers.

Experience across all stages of prostate cancer was a stronger predictor of survival outcome than just the number of surgeries performed.
Race and delays in breast cancer treatment across the care continuum in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study
Authors: Reeder‐Hayes Katherine E. , Mayer Sophie E. , Olshan Andrew F. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Carey Lisa A. , Tse Chiu‐Kit , Bell Mary Elizabeth , Troester Melissa A. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundAfter controlling for baseline disease factors, researchers have found that black women have worse breast cancer survival, and this suggests that treatment differences may contribute to poorer outcomes. Delays in initiating and completing treatment are one proposed mechanism.MethodsPhase 3 of the Carolina Breast Cancer Study involved a large, population‐based cohort of women with incident breast cancer. For this analysis, we included black women (n = 1328) and white women (n = 1331) with stage I to III disease whose treatment included surgery with or without adjuvant therapies. A novel treatment pathway grouping was used to benchmark the treatment duration (surgery only, surgery plus chemotherapy, surgery plus radiation, or all 3). Models controlled for the treatment pathway, age, and tumor characteristics and for demographic factors related to health care access. Exploratory analyses of the association between delays and cancer recurrence were performed.ResultsIn fully adjusted analyses, blacks had 1.73 times higher odds of treatment initiation more than 60 days after their diagnosis in comparison with whites (odds ratio [OR], 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04‐2.90). Black race was also associated with a longer treatment duration. Blacks were also more likely to be in the highest quartile of treatment duration (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.41‐2.02), even after adjustments for demographic and tumor characteristics (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.64). A nonsignificant trend toward a higher recurrence risk was observed for patients with delayed initiation (hazard ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.89‐2.33) or the longest duration (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.87‐1.59).ConclusionsBlack women more often had delayed treatment initiation and a longer duration than whites receiving similar treatment. Interventions that target access barriers may be needed to improve timely delivery of care.
Impact of baseline coronary flow and its distribution on fractional flow reserve prediction
Authors: Müller Lucas O. , Fossan Fredrik E. , Bråten Anders T. , Jørgensen Arve , Wiseth Rune , Hellevik Leif R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractModel‐based prediction of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the context of stable coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis requires a number of modelling assumptions. One of these assumptions is the definition of a baseline coronary flow, ie, total coronary flow at rest prior to the administration of drugs needed to perform invasive measurements. Here we explore the impact of several methods available in the literature to estimate and distribute baseline coronary flow on FFR predictions obtained with a reduced‐order model. We consider 63 patients with suspected stable CAD, for a total of 105 invasive FFR measurements. First, we improve a reduced‐order model with respect to previous results and validate its performance versus results obtained with a 3D model. Next, we assess the impact of a wide range of methods to impose and distribute baseline coronary flow on FFR prediction, which proved to have a significant impact on diagnostic performance. However, none of the proposed methods resulted in a significant improvement of prediction error standard deviation. Finally, we show that intrinsic uncertainties related to stenosis geometry and the effect of hyperemic inducing drugs have to be addressed in order to improve FFR prediction accuracy.
Regional difference in microRNA regulation in the skull vault
Authors: Chen Guiqian , Yao Yifeng , Xu Guangtao , Zhang Xingen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe murine calvaria has several membrane bones with different tissue origins (e.g., neural crest‐derived frontal bone vs. mesoderm‐derived parietal bone). Neural crest‐derived frontal bone exhibits superior osteogenic activities and bone regeneration. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been emerged as a crucial regulator during organogenesis and is involved in a range of developmental processes. However, the underlying roles of miRNA regulation in frontal bone and parietal bone is unknown.ResultsTotal of 83 significantly expressed known miRNAs were identified in frontal bones versus parietal bones. The significantly enriched gene ontology and KEGG pathway that were predicted by the enrichment miRNAs were involved in several biological processes (cell differentiation, cell adhesion, and transcription), and multiple osteogenic pathways (e.g., focal adhesion, MAPK, VEGF, Wnt, and insulin signaling pathway. Focal adhesion and insulin signaling pathway were selected for target verification and functional analysis, and several genes were predicted to be targets genes by the differentially expressed miRNAs, and these targets genes were tested with significant expressions.ConclusionsOur results revealed a novel pattern of miRNAs in murine calvaria with dual tissue origins, and explorations of these miRNAs will be valuable for the translational studies to enhance osteogenic potential and bone regeneration in the clinic.