bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Functional Role of Thalamocortical Coupling in the Human Motor Network
Authors: Opri Enrico , Cernera Stephanie , Okun Michael S. , Foote Kelly D. , Gunduz Aysegul 
Published: August 2019

The amplitude of high broadband activity in human cortical field potentials indicates local processing and has repeatedly been shown to reflect motor control in the primary motor cortex. In a group of male and female subjects affected by essential tremor and undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery, ventral intermediate nucleus low-frequency oscillations (<30 Hz) entrain the corticomotor high broadband activity (>40 Hz) during rest, relinquishing that role during movement execution. This finding suggests that there is significant cross-rhythm communication between thalamocortical regions, and motor behavior corresponds to changes in thalamocortical phase-amplitude coupling profiles. Herein, we demonstrate that thalamocortical coupling is a crucial mechanism for gating motor behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe demonstrate, for the first time, how thalamocortical coupling is mediating movement execution in humans. We show how the low-frequency oscillation from the ventral intermediate nucleus, known as the motor nucleus of the thalamus, entrains the excitability of the primary motor cortex, as reflected by the phase-amplitude coupling between the two regions. We show that thalamocortical phase-amplitude coupling is a manifestation of a gating mechanism for movement execution mediated by the thalamus. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating cross-frequency relationship in models of motor behavior; and given the spatial specificity of this mechanism, this work could be used to improve functional targeting during surgical implantations in subcortical regions.
Extensive Inhibitory Gating of Viscerosensory Signals by a Sparse Network of Somatostatin Neurons
Authors: Thek Kimberly R. , Ong Sarah J.M. , Carter David C. , Bassi Jaspreet K. , Allen Andrew M. , McDougall Stuart J. 
Published: August 2019

Integration and modulation of primary afferent sensory information begins at the first terminating sites within the CNS, where central inhibitory circuits play an integral role. Viscerosensory information is conveyed to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) where it initiates neuroendocrine, behavioral, and autonomic reflex responses that ensure optimal internal organ function. This excitatory input is modulated by diverse, local inhibitory interneurons, whose functions are not clearly understood. Here we show that, in male rats, 65% of somatostatin-expressing (SST) NTS neurons also express GAD67, supporting their likely role as inhibitory interneurons. Using whole-cell recordings of NTS neurons, from horizontal brainstem slices of male and female SST-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and SST-channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2)-YFP mice, we quantified the impact of SST-NTS neurons on viscerosensory processing. Light-evoked excitatory photocurrents were reliably obtained from SST-ChR2-YFP neurons (n= 16) and the stimulation–response characteristics determined. Most SST neurons (57%) received direct input from solitary tract (ST) afferents, indicating that they form part of a feedforward circuit. All recorded SST-negative NTS neurons (n= 72) received SST-ChR2 input. ChR2-evoked PSCs were largely inhibitory and, in contrast to previous reports, were mediated by both GABA and glycine. When timed to coincide, the ChR2-activated SST input suppressed ST-evoked action potentials at second-order NTS neurons, demonstrating strong modulation of primary viscerosensory input. These data indicate that the SST inhibitory network innervates broadly within the NTS, with the potential to gate viscerosensory input to powerfully alter autonomic reflex function and other behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSensory afferent input is modulated according to state. For example the baroreflex is altered during a stress response or exercise, but the basic mechanisms underpinning this sensory modulation are not fully understood in any sensory system. Here we demonstrate that the neuronal processing of viscerosensory information begins with synaptic gating at the first central synapse with second-order neurons in the NTS. These data reveal that the somatostatin subclass of inhibitory interneurons are driven by visceral sensory input to play a major role in gating viscerosensory signals, placing them within a feedforward circuit within the NTS.
Drift and Directional Selection Are the Evolutionary Forces Driving Gene Expression Divergence in Eye and Brain Tissue ofHeliconiusButterflies
Authors: Catalán Ana , Briscoe Adriana D , Höhna Sebastian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCharacterization of gene expression patterns across species - and the evolutionary forces driving them - can reveal processes that have remained conserved across species, as well as those that have changed in a species- specific manner...Investigating gene expression evolution over micro- and macroevolutionary timescales will expand our understanding of the role of gene expression in adaptation and speciation. In this study, we characterized the evolutionary forces acting on gene expression levels in eye and brain tissue of five Heliconius butterflies with divergence times of ∼5–12 MYA. We developed and applied Brownian motion (BM) and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) models to identify genes whose expression levels are evolving through drift, stabilizing selection, or a lineage-specific shift. We found that 81% of the genes evolve under genetic drift. When testing for branch-specific shifts in gene expression, we detected 368 (16%) shift events. Genes showing a shift toward upregulation have significantly lower gene expression variance than those genes showing a shift leading toward downregulation. We hypothesize that directional selection is acting in shifts causing upregulation, since transcription is costly. We further uncovered through simulations that parameter estimation of OU models is biased when using small phylogenies and only becomes reliable with phylogenies having ≥ 50 taxa. Therefore, we developed a new statistical test based on BM to identify highly conserved genes (i.e., evolving under strong stabilizing selection), which comprised 3% of the orthoclusters. In conclusion, we found that drift is the dominant evolutionary force driving gene expression evolution in eye and brain tissue in Heliconius. Nevertheless, the higher proportion of genes evolving under directional than under stabilizing selection might reflect species-specific selective pressures on vision and the brain that are necessary to fulfill species-specific requirements.
Music as Spiritual Metaphor in the Cinema of Ingmar Bergman
Authors: Bird Michael 
Published: August 2019

SECRET ARITHMETIC OF THE SOUL: MUSIC AS SPIRITUAL METAPHOR IN THE CINEMA OF INGMAR BERGMAN Prelude: General Reflections on Music and the Sacred: It frequently happens that in listening to a piece of music we at first do not hear the deep, fundamental tone, the sure stride of the melody, on which everything else is built... It is only after we have accustomed our ear that we find law and order, and as with one magical stroke, a single unified world emerges from the confused welter of sounds. And when this happens, we suddenly realize with delight and amazement that the fundamental tone was also resounding before, that all along the melody had been giving order and unity... - Rudolf Bultmann(1) I said to myself, it is as if the eternal harmony were conversingwithin itself, as it may have done in...
Nanotexturization of Ti-based implants in simulated body fluid: Influence of synthesis parameters on coating properties and kinetics of drug release
Authors: Ferreira Carlise Hannel , Simon Anna Paulla , Santos Vidiany Aparecida Queiroz , Rodrigues Andressa , Santos Janaina Soares , Trivinho-Strixino Francisco , Marques Patrícia Teixeira , Sikora Mariana de Souza 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Międzynarodowe uwarunkowania postawy Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej wobec programu nuklearnego Koreańskiej Republiki Ludowo- Demokratycznej w XXI wieku
Authors: Jureńczyk Łukasz 
Published: August 2019

Przedmiotem analizy są międzynarodowe uwarunkowanie postawy ChRL wobec programu nuklearnego KRLD w XXI wieku. Kwestie te rozpatrywane są w trzech zasadniczych aspektach: politycznym, strategiczno-wojskowym i gospodarczym. Chinom zależy na rozwiązaniu kwestii programu jądrowego Korei Północnej, ponieważ powoduje ona wiele negatywnych następstw dla Państwa Środka. Gotowe są one do międzynarodowej współpracy w tym zakresie ze społecznością międzynarodową. Aktywnie angażują się w rozmowy wielostronne, jak również uczestniczą w systemie sankcji międzynarodowych. Czynniki zewnętrzne, w tym działania KRLD, państw regionu i USA mają istotny wpływ na postawę Chin wobec Korei Północnej. W Pekinie rozważane są różne strategie działania wobec Pjongjangu, jednak zasadniczo wykluczają one zastosowanie rozwiązań militarnych. Dla Pekinu istotnym jest, aby ewolucja sytuacji na Półwyspie Koreańskim nie przełożyła się negatywnie na polityczne, militarne i gospodarcze interesy Chin w regionie i na świecie, a szczególnie na ich pozycję w strategicznej rywalizacji ze Stanami Zjednoczonymi.
How to Create a Language for the Whole People? On the Codification of Putonghua Pronunciation
Authors: Kurpaska Maria 
Published: August 2019

Jak stworzyć język dla wszystkich ludzi? O kodyfikacji wymowy Putonghua
Proces tworzenia nowoczesnego języka narodowego dla całych Chin był długi. Zaczął się na początku XX wieku, kiedy stało się jasne, że potrzebny jest wspólny język, by zjednoczyć Chińczyków. W ten sposób powstała koncepcja Guóyǔ — „języka narodowego”.
Po założeniu Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej prace zostały wznowione, standard został przemianowany na Pǔtōnghuà — „wspólną mowę”. Jego wymowa opiera się na dialekcie Pekinu, dialekty mandaryńskie były źródłem leksyki, a gramatykę oparto na „modelowych pracach w báihuà”.
Jak jednak dokładnie wyglądały prace nad stworzeniem nowego standardu? Ten artykuł ma na celu pokazanie procesu kodyfikacji wymowy tego, co obecnie znamy jako Pǔtōnghuà. Dlaczego postanowiono wybrać mowę Pekinu jako punkt wyjścia, jak przebiegały prace, a także jak zmieniał się sam standard?
Chińskie mity i wierzenia związane z księżycem (yuè 月, yuèliang 月亮)
Authors: Paterska-Kubacka Agnieszka 
Published: August 2019

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę zgromadzenia w jednym miejscu najpopularniejszych mitów, symboli i opisów postaci związanych z Księżycem. Został podzielony na dwie części, z których pierwsza odnosi się właśnie do legend i przedstawia mieszkańców Srebrnego Globu (Chang’e, zając/królik, ropucha/żaba, Wu Gang) oraz obiekty tam się znajdujące (drzewo cynamonowe, Pałac rozległego zimna). Druga część to próba naukowej weryfikacji opisanych wcześniej wierzeń i mitów. Obejmuje takie zagadnienia, jak kult bóstwa żaby i bóstwa Księżyca w kontekście kobiecości, płodności i nieśmiertelności. Dalej, zajmuje się związkiem Księżyca i cyfry „siedem”. Ostatnie dwie części omawiają krótko święta, które tradycyjny kalendarz chiński łączy z Księżycem (Święto Środka Jesieni oraz Święto Podwójnej Siódemki), oraz Chiński Projekt Eksploracji Księżyca, który jest współczesnym dowodem na przywiązanie Chińczyków do tradycji i ludowych wierzeń (nazwy pojazdów kosmicznych od imion mitycznych postaci).
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НАТЯЖЕНИЯ РЕМНЕЙ ПРИВОДА СТАНКА-КАЧАЛКИ
Authors: Уразаков Камил Рахматуллович , Тимашев Эдуард Олегович , Шайжанов Нурсултан Серикболатович , Тугунов Павел Михайлович 
Published: August 2019

Актуальность. Работоспособность балансирных станков-качалок – наиболее распространенного типа привода скважинных штанговых насосов – в значительной степени определяется надежностью работы клиноременных передач. Отсутствие механизма, обеспечивающего оптимальное натяжение приводных ремней, обуславливает потери энергии в клиноременной передаче за счет проскальзывания ремней и снижение эксплуатационных характеристик насосных установок. В настоящее время контроль и регулировка натяжения приводных ремней станка-качалки производятся вручную. Вышесказанное обуславливает актуальность разработки механизмов автоматического натяжения ремней. Объект: автоматический натяжитель приводных ремней станка-качалки, использующий принцип регулирования межосевого расстояния шкивов путем изменения угла наклона платформы, на которой установлен электродвигатель. Регулирование угла наклона достигается совместной работой пружин сжатия разной жесткости. Пружина большей жесткости за счет силы упругой деформации сжатия обеспечивает натяжение ремней, пружина меньшей жесткости предназначена для компенсации колебаний в системе. Цель: исследование автоматизированной системы натяжения ремней привода станка-качалки, разработка методики расчета автоматического натяжителя ремней, включающая определение оптимальной величины угла наклона платформы к горизонтали, положения электродвигателя на платформе, упругих характеристик пружин. Методы: применение принципов аналитической механики, дифференциального исчисления для расчета оптимальных величин параметров автоматического натяжителя. Результаты. Разработана методика расчета автоматического натяжителя приводных ремней станка-качалки, позволяющая поддерживать оптимальную величину натяжения ремней в процессе работы штанговой насосной установки. Рассчитаны оптимальные величины начального угла наклона платформы, положения электродвигателя на платформе, пределы изменения угла наклона платформы в процессе растяжения ремней. Показано, что с точки зрения минимизации нагруженности пружины наиболее оптимальными являются: минимальное значение угла наклона платформы и максимальное расстояние вдоль нее до электродвигателя. Произведен расчет пружин сжатия, входящих в компоновку автоматического натяжителя, определены оптимальные значения коэффициентов жесткости пружин.
In dogs with chronic enteropathy that have hypocobalaminaemia, can oral tablets be used instead of injectable protocols?
Authors: McGinn Avril 
Published: August 2019

PICO question
In dogs with chronic enteropathy does treatment with oral cobalamin compared to parenteral cobalamin provide serum cobalamin levels greater than 270 ng/L?
Clinical bottom line
The evidence provided by block randomised controlled clinical trials indicates that oral dosing of cobalamin results in normocobalaminaemia, with levels similar to that achieved with parenteral dosing. These studies provide veterinary professionals with dosing schedules, and monitoring serum cobalamin levels is recommended to ensure normocobalaminaemia is achieved. It has been shown that supplementation with both oral and parenteral cobalamin correlates with increased intracellular cobalamin levels. Future studies are needed to investigate the outcome of oral cobalamin dosing in dogs with extra-gastrointestinal disease.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING PADA MATERI TRANSFORMASI GEOMETRI
Authors: Indriani Marisa , Niswah Choirun , Arifin Sujinal 
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan menghasilkan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing pada Materi Transformasi Geometri yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Prosedur pengembangan yang digunakan terdiri dari tahap preminary (persiapan dan pendesainan) dan tahap prototyping menggunakan alur Formative Evaluation (expert reviews, one-to-one, small group dan field test). Subjek ujicoba dalam penelitian ini ialah peserta didik kelas XI IPA 1 MAN 1 Lahat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKPD berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing pada Materi Transformasi Geometri valid, praktis, efektif. Tahap expert reviews didapatkan hasil LKPD valid dengan skor kevalidan 4,07. Tahap one-to-one dan small group didapatkan LKPD praktis dengan skor kepraktisan 3,87 dan 4,20. Keefektifan dilihat dari hasil pengerjaan LKPD dan post-test. Dari hasil pengerjaan LKPD diperoleh nilai semua peserta didik pesera didik diatas KKM > 60 dan hasil post-test diperoleh rata-rata nilai peserta didik 73,71 yang termasuk kategori baik dan diatas nilai KKM > 60
KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR LOGIS MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA UNIVERSITAS PGRI PALEMBANG PADA MATA KULIAH GEOMETRI ANALITIK
Authors: Octaria Dina 
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kemampuan berpikir logis mahasiswa pendidikan matematika universitas PGRI Palembang pada mata kuliah geometri analitik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan metodologi penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Desember 2016 sampai Februari 2017 di Universitas PGRI Palembang. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester III Kelas A Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas PGRI Palembang Tahun Akademik 2016/2017, yang sedang mengikuti mata kuliah geometri analitik. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes. Tes dibuat dalam bentuk soal dengan jawaban berupa uraian yang mengacu pada indikator berpikir logis. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan berupa reduksi data, penyajian data, perhitungan statistika deskriptif dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir logis mahasiswa matematika Universitas PGRI Palembang pada mata kuliah geometri analitik Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017 secara keseluruhan sebesar 59,61 yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang
Ketertarikan Mahasiswa Calon Guru Terhadap Desain Perkuliahan PMRI
Authors: Sari Anisa Fatwa , Ernawati Agustin , Abidin Zainal 
Published: August 2019

Abstrak
Calon guru matematika wajib memiliki kompetensi profesional dan kompetensi pedagogik. Salah satu irisan kedua kompetensi tersebut adalah keterampilan mengajar. Sebanyak 12 mahasiswa program studi pendidikan matematika dilibatkan dalam implementasi desain perkuliahan Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI). Desain perkuliahan dikembangkan menggunakan model design research. Perkuliahan didesain berfokus pada keterampilan mengajar sekaligus diperkaya dengan 5 karakteristik PMRI. Angket respon diberikan kepada mahasiswa untuk menilai respon mahasiswa terhadap proses perkuliahan. Butir respon dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil angket menunjukkan 6 dari 10 pernyatan mendapatkan dukungan sangat kuat, sementara sisanya mendapatkan dukungan kuat dari mahasiswa. Dukungan paling kuat ditujukan untuk tiga aspek yaitu penggunaan Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) dalam perencanaan pembelajaran, pemanfaatan alat peraga, keseluruhan desain perkuliahan dianggap membantu mengasah keterampilan mengajar mahasiswa.
How construct a WLAN multi-data acquisition system based on the integration of Arduino and NI-Labview platforms for educational applications.
Authors: Sotomayor Choque Nilo Maurício , Ancalla Dávila Liliana Yolanda , Leite da Silva Welliton , Silvestre da Rocha Alexsandro 
Published: August 2019

A construção de uma Rede Local Sem Fio (RLSF) com um Sistema de Aquisição de multi-Dados (SAD) para aplicações educacionais é relatado, onde um banco de dados para a intensidade da luz, temperatura e potencial elétrico de um painel fotovoltaico foi gerado. Os sinais analógicos de três diferentes sistemas de sensores/transdutores são recolhidos e enviados para um placa Arduino Uno Revisão 3. Os sinais analógicos são convertidos em dados digitais através de um código guardado no microprocessador Arduino e, em seguida, transmitido via Internet através da utilização da tecnologia sem fios suportada por um servidor Arduino Uno WiFi acoplada à placa Arduino Uno. Dados da Internet são adequadamente recuperados, armazenados em uma base de dados, e apresentado continuamente pelo software NI-Labview desenvolvido. Esta ferramenta fornece o professor controle remoto e monitoramento de experimentos físicos desenvolvidos pelos alunos, e seria muito relevante em Educação a Distância (EaD) onde as aulas experimentais podem ser desenvolvidas pelo tutor e aquisição de dados remotamente monitorado em tempo real pelo decente.
A GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA APLICADA COMO ESTRATÉGIA NA GESTÃO DO ENDIVIDAMENTO PÚBLICO
Authors: De Jesus Carla Rocha , Estender Antonio Carlos 
Published: August 2019

O Este trabalho se propõe a compreender as percepções dos stakeholders a respeito da aplicação da governança corporativa como estratégia na gestão do endividamento público. Visa também apresentar, demonstrar e discutir como as principais práticas da governança corporativa podem contribuir para uma melhor gestão do endividamento público. O trabalho foi realizado por meio de estudo de caso, entrevistas de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, sendo a coleta de dados realizada através de um questionário destinado a 23 stakeholders. Observou-se que os principais resultados apontam que a transparência é fundamental no controle dos atos administrativos e que a sociedade deve se apropriar de ferramentas e mecanismos para obter uma participação consciente e ativa na tomada de decisão junto ao Estado. Diante do exposto as implicações mais relevantes foram: que para se evitar o desequilíbrio fiscal é necessário um corpo administrativo capacitado e baseado em uma governança responsável e focado na essência de boas práticas
Palavras-chave: Governança Corporativa; Endividamento Público; Administração Pública.
Roles of Mitochondrial Respiratory Complexes during Infection
Authors: Escoll Pedro , Platon Lucien , Buchrieser Carmen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Beyond oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondria have also immune functions against infection, such as the regulation of cytokine production, the generation of metabolites with antimicrobial proprieties and the regulation of inflammasome-dependent cell death, which seem in turn to be regulated by the metabolic status of the organelle. Although OXPHOS is one of the main metabolic programs altered during infection, the mechanisms by which pathogens impact the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes to alter OXPHOS are not well understood. Similarly, how changes on ETC components affect infection is only starting to be characterized. Herein we summarize and discuss the existing data about the regulation of ETC complexes and super-complexes during infection, in order to shed some light on the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the mitochondrial OXPHOS machinery when intracellular pathogens infect eukaryotic host cells.
Rekonstruksi Rukun Islam sebagai Psikoterapi Umat
Authors: Novaili Novaili 
Published: August 2019

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper aims to introduce the efforts to reconstruct the pillars of Islam as a people's psychotherapy. The objectives of this paper are educators, and community leaders who have an interest in providing assistance in life coaching to all people and it is hoped that the community can face all the challenges of life that are being faced now, and in the future. The process of reconstructing the pillars of Islam as a people's psychotherapy. The contribution of this paper is to provide an alternative understanding to educators and community leaders on how to avoid feeling uneasy when faced with situations of various problems of life, so that they are still adhering to the values </span><span lang="EN-GB">of monotheism. Psychotherapy through the reconstruction of harmony in Islam can be applied to all people in terms of stress management. Thus, people can avoid feeling anxious, anxious, and feel afraid to face all kinds of life challenges that will be lived.</span></p><p class="07KatakunciKeywords"> </p>