bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous photochemical degradation of mefenamic acid and triclosan: role of wastewater effluent matrices
Authors: Sankoda Kenshi , Sugawara Yuta , Aida Takuya , Yamamoto Chieko , Kobayashi Jun , Sekiguchi Kazuhiko , Wang Qingyue 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this study, photochemical degradation of two emerging pharmaceutical chemicals, mefenamic acid (MF) and triclosan (TCS), was investigated to clarify the role of treated wastewater effluent matrices on their environmental photolysis. Target compounds were individually exposed to simulated sunlight in different media: ultrapure buffered water and synthetic field water with treated municipal wastewater effluent. The results in ultrapure buffered water showed that the direct photolysis processes in aquatic environments are not relevant to the elimination of MF. However, in samples containing treated wastewater effluent, photochemical degradation of MF was clearly enhanced. Our results indicate that MF undergoes indirect photolysis by reactive intermediates produced in an effluent matrix. Further quenching experiments suggested that photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and excited triplet state dissolved organic matter drive the degradation of MF. In contrast to MF, TCS photochemical degradation proceeds through rapid direct photolysis. TCS was quickly degraded in ultrapure buffered water but it is considerably hampered in samples containing wastewater effluent. The declined degradation of TCS in the synthetic field water was discussed in terms of underlying optical filter effects by coexisting chromophoric substances. Results emphasize the importance of taking local water chemistry into consideration when predicting natural attenuation of pharmaceutical chemicals in receiving areas.
Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis Process
Authors: Arnao Valentina , Tuttolomondo Antonino , Daidone Mario , Pinto Antonio 
Published: May 2019

Background:Dyslipidaemias is a recognized risk factor for atherosclerosis, however, new evidence brought to light by trials investigating therapies to enhance HDLcholesterol have suggested an increased atherosclerotic risk when HDL-C is high.Results:Several studies highlight the central role in atherosclerotic disease of dysfunctional lipoproteins; oxidised LDL-cholesterol is an important feature, according to “oxidation hypothesis”, of atherosclerotic lesion, however, there is today a growing interest for dysfunctional HDL-cholesterol. The target of our paper is to review the functions of modified and dysfunctional lipoproteins in atherogenesis.Conclusion:Taking into account the central role recognized to dysfunctional lipoproteins, measurements of functional features of lipoproteins, instead of conventional routine serum evaluation of lipoproteins, could offer a valid contribution in experimental studies as in clinical practice to stratify atherosclerotic risk
The Effects of Dietary Supplements that Overactivate the Nrf2/ARE System
Authors: Smith Robert E. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Inflammation is one of the most misunderstood aspects of human
health. People have been encouraged to eat foods that have a high antioxidant capacity, and in
vitro tests for total antioxidant capacity emerged. They were based on measuring the destruction
of oxidized test compounds in direct reactions with the antioxidants in foods. Many dietary
supplements arrived in the market. They contained purified antioxidants, such as resveratrol
and EGCG that were and still are widely assumed by many to be quite healthy at any
dose.

Methods:
The literature on inflammation and the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant system was searched
systematically. Articles from prestigious, peer-reviewed journals were obtained and read. The
information obtained from them was used to write this review article.

Results:
Over 150 articles and books were read. The information obtained from them showed
that very few dietary antioxidants exert their effects by reacting directly with Reactive Oxygen
and Nitrogen Species (RONS). Instead, most of the effective antioxidants activate the endogenous
Nrf2/ARE antioxidant system. This helps prevent smoldering inflammation and the
diseases that it can cause. However, when overactivated or activated constitutively, the
Nrf2/ARE antioxidant system can cause some of these diseases, including many types of
multidrug resistant cancer, autoimmune, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion:
Even though green tea, as well as many fruits, vegetables and spices are quite
healthy, dietary supplements that deliver much higher doses of antioxidants may not be. People
who are diagnosed with cancer and plan to start chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy should
probably avoid such supplements. This is because multidrug resistant tumors can hijack and
overactivate the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant system.
Serum and Urinary NGAL and Cystatin C Levels as Diagnostic Tools for Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Histobiochemical Comparative Study
Authors: Sinna Mustafa M. , Altaf Faris M.N. , Mosa Osama F. 
Published: May 2019

Background:High global incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is an observable complication in critically ill patients. Long-term disease and medication complexity contribute to devastating chronic kidney disease (CKD), diminishing quality of life.Objective:To establish new biomarkers to guide patient care and facilitate novel therapeutics development.Methods:Serum and urinary levels of creatinine, CysC, and NGAL were estimated in 86 renal patients and compared with healthy controls for AKI and CKD categorization. Creatinine and CysC measurements were used to estimate GFR. Kidney biopsies were prepared for light microscopy for further characterization. Patients’ demographic data were used in group association studies.Results:Thirty-six patients met the criteria for AKI and 50 for CKD. Both mean serum and urine creatinine levels were significantly elevated by 2.8 and 2.6, respectively, from baseline in 48 h in the AKI group but not CKD group. Mean serum Cystatin C (CysC) values were higher than controls but similar in both disease states, while urine levels were slightly higher in CKD patients, and remained steady by the end of the follow-up (EF-Up). Further, a significant 2.9-fold and 5.5-fold (p=0.001) increase in serum NGAL in AKI and CKD, respectively, and a dramatic 7.1-factor reduction in AKI group, but no appreciable change in the CKD group from admission to EF-Up were observed. Similarly, urine NGAL level for AKI and CKD increased 3.2-fold and 6-fold respectively, on admission, which decreased moderately with the AKI group (2.5-fold) but increased by a factor of 1-8 (10.7- fold; p=0.001) at EF-Up. ROC assessment curve revealed relatively higher NGAL performance at good predictive values than CysC (p < 0.009).Conclusion:Our data demonstrated creatinine elevation by a factor > 2 in 48 h in AKI group but not CKD group, which returned close to normal levels by the EF-Up, an indication of abrupt renal injury in AKI, compared with a persistent effect in the CKD group. Both serum and urine NGAL sensitivity and specificity provided powerful discriminative tool between AKI and CKD by reduction in the AKI group and an increase in the CKD group by the EF-UP, thus, contributing in establishing the basis for AKI and CKD classification. CysC, however, displayed less sensitivity than NGAL, indicating effects by enigmatic non-specific factors.
Expression Profile of Genes Associated with the Proteins Degradation Pathways in Colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Martyna Bednarczyk , Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń , Nikola Zmarzły , Beniamin Grabarek , Urszula Mazurek , Grażyna Janikowska 
Published: May 2019

Background:Changes in expression of genes associated with proteins or organelles degradation system in the cell may be a cause or signal to carcinogenesis. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the profile of gene expression linked to the degradation systems of proteins or organelles in histo-pathologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma in relation to normal colon tissue.Methods:Using oligonucleotide microarrays and GeneSpring 13.0, and PANTHER 13.1 software’s we characterized 1095 mRNAs linked to the degradation system of proteins and organelles in sections of colorectal cancer from patients at various clinical stages of disease. Subsequent analyses with restrictive assumptions narrowed down the number of genes differentiating cancer, assuming a P-value of less than 0.05.Results:We found that most of the significant genes were silenced in the development of colorectal cancer. The FOXO1 had the lowest fold change value in the first clinical stage (CSI) comparing to the control. The HSPA8 was up-regulated in the two early clinical stages (CSI and CSII), and UBB only in the CSI. Only little-known PTPN22 showed increasing expression at all stages.Conclusion:In summary, the examined colorectal adenocarcinoma samples were characterized by almost complete silencing of the significant genes associated with the degradation of proteins and mitochondria in transcriptomic level. The FOXO1, HSPA8 and UBB genes may become potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets in the early stage of this cancer.
Antiglycation Activity of N, N-Diethylthiobarbiturates Derivatives
Authors: Khan Momin , Ahad Ghulam , Khan Ajmal , Shah Sana , Kanwal  , Salar Uzma , Salman Syed Muhammad , Khan Khalid Mohammed 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Previous identification of N,N-diethylthiobarbiturates as potential
α-glucosidase inhibitory potential prompted us to investigate the antiglycation activity of these
synthetic compounds (1-25) in order to identify the lead candidates for their possible antidiabetic
potential.

Methods:
Synthetic compounds (1-25) were evaluated for their antiglycation activity using Bovine
Serum Albumin assay (BSA).

Results:
Compounds exhibited varying degree of inhibition in the range of IC50 = 61.16 ± 2.3 - 656.71
± 2.5 µM as compared to the standard rutin (IC50 = 294.5 ± 1.50 µM). Among the twenty five
synthetic molecules, seven compounds showed good activity in comparison with the standard.
Compound 4 (IC50 = 61.16 ± 2.3 µM) having hydroxy substituents was the most active molecule of
the library. This study revealed that compound 4 has dual acting antidibetic molecule.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the synthetic N,N-diethylthiobarbiturates can act as lead molecules.
Furthermore, synthetic variations on N,N-diethylthiobarbituric acid moiety might be helpful in
generating a library of potential anti diabetic agent. Especially, compound 4 has been identified as
dual acting antidiabetic agent i.e. α-glucosidase inhibitor and antiglycating agent.
Molecular Detection of Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated From Patients in Khorramabad City, Iran
Authors: Babaie Zeinab , Delfani Somayeh , Rezaei Faranak , Norolahi Fatemeh , Mahdian Somayeh , Shakib Pegah 
Published: May 2019

Background:Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes a wide range of infections in hospitals, especially in intensive care units. Nowadays, due to the high resistance of Acinetobacter bumanni to antibiotics, this study, in addition to the phenotypic and genotypic investigations of drug resistance, focused on determining the molecular types of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients in Khorramabad city by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method.Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 50 samples of Acinetobacter baumannii were collected from educational hospitals in Khorramabad city, Iran, from January to August 2015. They were identified in the laboratory using biochemical tests and culture methods. After determining the drug resistance pattern by the disc diffusion method and percentage of resistance genes to carbapenems, Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were analyzed using the PFGE method using the Apa1 enzyme.Results:The highest antibiotic resistance observed for Acinetobacter baumannii strains was against ampicillin-sulbactam (100%) and aztreonam (98%). The highest sensitivity was to polymixin B (100%) and colistin (94%), and also to the OXA-51-like gene present in all samples. The OXA-23-like gene was positive in 44 (88%) samples. PFGE results showed that Acinetobacterbaumannii strains had 33 different pulsotype patterns, of which 27 patterns had more than one strain and 23 had only one strain.Conclusion:Due to the high resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and its ease of spread and its ability to transfer resistance genes, resistance control methods should be used in the disinfection of hospital areas. Hospital staff should observe hygiene standards and there should also be a reduction in antibiotic use.
A Systematic Review of Studies of the STOPP/START 2015 and American Geriatric Society Beers 2015 Criteria in Patients ≥ 65 Years
Authors: Thomas Roger E. , Thomas Bennett C. 
Published: May 2019

Background:Polypharmacy remains problematic for individuals ≥65.Objective:To summarise the percentages of patients meeting 2015 STOPP criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (PIPs), 2015 Beers criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs), and START criteria Potential Prescribing Omissions (PPOs).Methods:Searches conducted on 2 January 2019 in Medline, Embase, and PubMed identified 562 studies and 62 studies were retained for review. Data were abstracted independently.Results:62 studies (n=1,854,698) included two RCTs and 60 non-randomised studies. For thirty STOPP/START studies (n=1,245,974) average percentages for ≥1 PIP weighted by study size were 42.8% for 1,242,010 community patients and 51.8% for 3,964 hospitalised patients. For nineteen Beers studies (n = 595,811) the average percentages for ≥1 PIM were 58% for 593,389 community patients and 55.5% for 2,422 hospitalised patients. For thirteen studies (n=12,913) assessing both STOPP/START and Beers criteria the average percentages for ≥1 STOPP PIP were 33.9% and Beers PIMs 46.8% for 8,238 community patients, and for ≥ 1 STOPP PIP were 42.4% and for ≥1 Beers PIM 60.5% for 4,675 hospitalised patients. Only ten studies assessed changes over time and eight found positive changes.Conclusions:PIP/PIM/PPO rates are high in community and hospitalised patients in many countries. RCTs are needed for interventions to: reduce new/existing PIPs/PIMs/PPO prescriptions, reduce prescriptions causing adverse effects, and enable regulatory authorities to monitor and reduce inappropriate prescriptions in real time. Substantial differences between Beers and STOPP/START assessments need to be investigated whether they are due to the criteria, differential medication availability between countries, or data availability to assess the criteria.
Clinical and laboratory characterictic of acute HIV-infection in adult residents of Novosibirsk region
Authors: Ulyanova Ya. S. , Gashnikova N. M. , Ivlev V. V. , Krasnova E. I. , Khokhlova N. I. , Totmenin A. V. , Melnikova O. V. , Vorotova M. V. , Glushko I. R. , Ulyanov V. V. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of the study. To study the characteristics of acute HIV infection in adults in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018.Materials and methods. 200 patients with acute HIV infection, residents of the Novosibirsk region, aged 15 to 74 years, hospitalized in 2017–2018, 104 men and 96 women were examined. The diagnosis was verified by detecting antibodies to HIV in ELISA with a negative or doubtful result of the immunoblot, as well as by determining the quantitative content of HIV RNA in the blood by PCR. The hemogram, the content of CD4 + lymphocytes in the blood were determined. In addition, HIV-1 was studied in 71 patients for belonging to a genetic group.Results. Patients of 20–40 years old prevailed – 70.5%. The sexual way was dominant in women (69.0%), injecting psychoactive substances was more often in men (32.2%). Frequent symptoms were fever (99%), exanthema (65.5%), polylimfoadenopathy (54.0%). Less common were diarrhea (36.0%), pharyngotonsillitis (23.0%), aphthous stomatitis (6.5%), hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly (8.5%). Secondary diseases were revealed in 26.5% of patients. Leukopenia was recorded in 63.0%, thrombocytopenia in 62.5%, lymphocytosis and atypical cells of the lymphoid series in 14.0%. All patients had a high “viral load” – from 23,000 to 10,000,000 or more copies / ml, a decrease in the number of CD4 + less than 350 cells – in 38.0%. From among 71 patients, 19.7% had HIV-1 subtype A, and 76.0% had recombinant HIV-1 CRF63_02A. In the latter, “viral load” of more than 10,000,000 copies / ml was more often recorded (67.8% vs. 33.4%, p = 0.004).Conclusion. A significant number of cases of acute HIV infection were reported in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018. Its detection is possible by examination of all febrile patients who apply to medical institutions. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy with the appointment of well-tolerated regimens contributes to the formation of a high commitment to therapy.
Cytomegalovirus infection and congenital heart disease in children
Authors: Каshuba E. A. , Chehova Yu. S. , Gorbatikov K. V. , Drozdova T. G. , Totolin I. S. , Аntonova М. V. , Savinova Е. Yu. 
Published: May 2019

Congenital heart defects account for about 30% of all anomaly of development in children. Cytomegalovirus infection suffered by a woman during pregnancy claims one of the leading places among teratogenic factors.Aim: to study clinical and pathogenetic features of congenital heart diseases in children with active cytomegalovirus infection.Materials and methods: the survey included 240 children with congenital heart defects under 1 years old. The diagnosis was verified by enzyme immunoassay with detection of immunoglobulins of classes M and G to cytomegalovirus and by polymerase chain reaction, the material for which was blood and urine.Results. For congenital heart defects with the active forms of cytomegalovirus infection is characterized by a higher frequency of combined defects and the development of critical states. Children with cytomegalovirus infection in 40% suffered intrauterine myocarditis of cytomegalovirus etiology, which weighed the course of the underlying disease. The features characteristic of IUI was determined much more often (in the analysis of the noncardiac symptoms). Specific therapy of active forms of cytomegalovirus infection in children before surgery for correction of congenital heart defects has reduced the likelihood of postoperative complications.Summary. Cytomegalovirus infection has a direct teratogenic effect and can provoke the development of congenital heart defects. In addition, the virus has a cardiotropic and immune-mediated effect on the myocardium. This leads to the development of intrauterine myocarditis, which aggravates the course of the disease. The specific treatment of active forms of cytomegalovirus infection in children before surgery for the correction of congenital heart defects, reduces the likelihood of postoperative complications.
In silico comparative analysis of crispr-cas system structures of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causing different clinical manifestations of pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Peretolchina N. P. , Dzhioev Yu. P. , Borisenko A. Yu. , Stepanenko L. A. , Voskresenskaya E. A. , Klimov V. T. , Reva O. N. , Zlobin V. I. 
Published: May 2019

The aim of this research was to analyze and compare CRIPSR loci and cas-proteins of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains isolated in different territories from patients with various clinical manifestations of pseudotuberculosis.Materials and Methods. Complete genomes of Y. pseudotuberculosis IP329353 (NC_006155) and IP31758 (NC_009708) were obtained from NCBI Nucleotide Database. Strains were isolated from patients with gastroenteritis and systemic infection respectively. Search, identification, and analysis of CRISPR systems were carried out by onlinetools CRISPROne, CRISPRDetect, and CRISPRTarget.Results. Analyzed strains have CRISPR-Cas systems that include one set of cas-genes and arrays situated at the long distances from each other. We defined three CRISPR arrays in Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32953: array YP1 located near cas-genes, arrays YP2 and YP3. CRISPR-Cas system of Y. pseudotuberculosis IP31758 includes two arrays – YP1 and YP3. CRISPR systems do not share similar spacers.Conclusion. CRISPR systems of the analyzed strains differ in CRISPR loci and cas-protein structures that can be used as specific molecular marks of analyzed strains during the study of intra-species variability and evolution of Y. pseudotuberculosis.
Clinical-epidemiological aspects of whooping cough in children in conditions of mass vaccinoprophylactics
Authors: Babachenko I. V. , Nesterova Yu. V. , Chernyshova Yu. Yu. , Karasev V. V. , Pochinyaeva L. M. , Kalisnikova E. L. 
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study was to present clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of modern pertussis in hospitalized children, as well as to assess the frequency of pertussis infection as an etiological factor of long – term cough in children and adolescents.Materials and methods: medical records of 545 patients hospitalized in Children’s city clinical hospital №5 named after N.F. Filatov (Saint-Petersburg) in the period 2015–2017 were analyzed. Detailed clinical and laboratory analysis with subsequent follow-up of patients was carried out in 80 patients with pertussis aged 1 month to 18 years. The DNA of the causative agents of pertussis infection was identified by PCR using a commercial kit “AmpliSens Bordetella multi-FL” (Moscow); parallel was determined the bacterial load by quantitative PCRRT (real time) using test systems production, Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology (Moscow), allowing to detect a single genome-equivalents (GE) of B. pertussis in smears from the nasopharynx. Pertussis convalescents were examined 1, 3 and 6 months after discharge.Results. Among hospitalized children dominated the first 2 years of life (70.8%), 78% were unvaccinated children. The sources of infection for children of the first two years of life were family members in 77% of cases, for preschoolers-in 67%, for schoolchildren-in 14%. Patients of moderate severity were 81.1%, severe – 10.3%; mild – 7%. Of the specific complications, respiratory rhythm disturbances were notedin 11.6%, including respiratory arrest-in 2.8%; pneumonia of mixed etiology was recorded in 6.2% of cases. Introduction of PCR method allows to increase laboratory confirmation up to 87.2%. In 63.6% of cases pertussis of pertussis were detected by PCR genome-equivalents of DNA in 6 months from hospital discharge. In patients with long – term cough, pertussis wand DNA was detected in preschool children in 11.14% of cases, in patients 7–12 years – in 25.93%, in adolescents-in 20% of cases.Conclusion. Whooping cough is a common infection among schoolchildren and adolescents, despite the high coverage of young children with preventive vaccinations. Pertussis convalescents can release the DNA of the pathogen for a long time, which may have epidemiological significance for unvaccinated and those children and adults, who have lost postvaccinal immunity, in the foci of infection.