bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐Situ Infrared Spectroscopy Applied to the Study of the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2: Theory, Practice and Challenges
Authors: Kas Recep , Ayemoba Onagie , Firet Nienke J. , Middelkoop Joost , Smith Wilson A. , Cuesta Angel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe field of electrochemical CO2 conversion is undergoing significant growth in terms of the number of publications and worldwide research groups involved. Despite improvements of the catalytic performance, the complex reaction mechanisms and solution chemistry of CO2 have resulted in a considerable amount of discrepancies between theoretical and experimental studies. A clear identification of the reaction mechanism and the catalytic sites are of key importance in order to allow for a qualitative breakthrough and, from an experimental perspective, calls for the use of in‐situ or operando spectroscopic techniques. In‐situ infrared spectroscopy can provide information on the nature of intermediate species and products in real time and, in some cases, with relatively high time resolution. In this contribution, we review key theoretical aspects of infrared reflection spectroscopy, followed by considerations of practical implementation. Finally, recent applications to the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 are reviewed, including challenges associated with the detection of reaction intermediates.
1H NMR Chemosensing of Potassium Ions Enabled by Guest‐Induced Selectivity Switch of a Gold Nanoparticle/Crown Ether Nanoreceptor
Authors: Sun Xiaohuan , Rosa‐Gastaldo Daniele , De Biasi Federico , Rastrelli Federico , Mancin Fabrizio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Fabrizio Mancin from the University of Padova, Italy. The cover picture shows an 18‐crown‐6‐functionalized gold nanoparticle that switches its molecular recognition preference from organic cations to organic anions in the presence of potassium ions, thus allowing 1H NMR sensing of potassium. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201900028.
Differential Effects of Ticagrelor With or Without Aspirin on Platelet Reactivity and Coagulation Activation: A Randomized Trial in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Traby Ludwig , Kollars Marietta , Kaider Alexandra , Siller‐Matula Jolanta M. , Wolkersdorfer Martin F. , Wolzt Michael , Kyrle Paul A. , Eichinger Sabine 
Published: August 2019

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is standard in acute coronary heart disease but confers a bleeding risk. To compare the effects of ticagrelor‐monotherapy with ticagrelor‐based DAPT on hemostatic system activation, we conducted a randomized controlled trial in 44 volunteers using a loading‐dose regimen and measured platelet‐aggregometry triggered by adenosine diphosphate (multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA)‐ADP) and arachidonic acid (MEA‐AA), the vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), prothrombin fragment 1.2 (f1.2), and d‐Dimer. Ticagrelor‐based DAPT and ticagrelor‐monotherapy significantly decreased MEA‐ADP (Δmean: −51.4 (−56.9; −45.8) and −46.2 (−51.7; −40.7)) and VASP (Δmean: −70.3 (−76.2; −64.4) and −69.6 (−75.5; −63.7)) at 2 hours and over 24 hours. MEA‐AA was reduced significantly by both treatments (Δmean: −72.9 (−80.6; −65.3) and −25.7 (−33.3; −18.0)) at 2 hours, and stronger by ticagrelor‐based DAPT over 24 hours. Both treatments decreased f1.2 (geometric mean ratio (GMR): 0.92 (0.84; 1.01) and 0.88 (0.80; 0.96)) and d‐Dimer (GMR: 0.89 (0.86; 0.92) and 0.91 (0.88; 0.94)) at 2 hours and d‐Dimer over 24 hours. Ticagrelor‐monotherapy and ticagrelor‐based DAPT comparably affect hemostatic system activation.
Vertical Bridgman Growth of 42°RY‐Oriented LiTaO3 Single Crystal
Authors: Nishimura Eiichiro , Okano Katsuhiko , Terashima Akira , Hoshikawa Keigo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCrack‐free single crystals of 42°RY‐oriented lithium tantalate, 42°RY‐LiTaO3 (42°RY‐LT), are grown by the vertical Bridgman (VB) technique, using pure platinum bottomless crucibles to avoid cracking the seed crystal. The fundamental technical issues for 42°RY‐LT growth by the VB technique are clarified.
Analytical characterization of cache replacement policy impact on content delivery time in information‐centric networks
Authors: Seyyed Hashemi Seyyed Naser , Bohlooli Ali 
Published: August 2019

SummaryInformation‐centric networking (ICN) has emerged as a promising candidate for designing content‐based future Internet paradigms. ICN increases the utilization of a network through location‐independent content naming and in‐network content caching. In routers, cache replacement policy determines which content to be replaced in the case of cache free space shortage. Thus, it has a direct influence on user experience, especially content delivery time. Meanwhile, content can be provided from different locations simultaneously because of the multi‐source property of the content in ICN. To the best of our knowledge, no work has yet studied the impact of cache replacement policy on the content delivery time considering multi‐source content delivery in ICN, an issue addressed in this paper. As our contribution, we analytically quantify the average content delivery time when different cache replacement policies, namely, least recently used (LRU) and random replacement (RR) policy, are employed. As an impressive result, we report the superiority of these policies in term of the popularity distribution of contents. The expected content delivery time in a supposed network topology was studied by both theoretical and experimental method. On the basis of the obtained results, some interesting findings of the performance of used cache replacement policies are provided.
Discovery of a new family of heterocyclic amine linked plastoquinone analogs for antimicrobial evaluation
Authors: Tuyun Amaç F. , Yıldız Mahmut , Bayrak Nilüfer , Yıldırım Hatice , Mataracı Kara Emel , Jannuzzi Ayse T. , Ozbek Celik Berna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA series of aminobenzoquinones, denoted as PQ analogs (PQ1‐13), were synthesized by employing a green methodology approach using water as solvent developed by Tandon et al. Subsequently, in vitro antimicrobial potential of all PQ analogs was evaluated in a panel of seven bacterial strains (three gram positive and four gram negative bacteria) and three fungi. The antifungal profile of all PQ analogs indicated that four analogs (while PQ2, PQ9, and PQ10 were effective against Candida tropicalis, PQ11 is effective against Candida albicans) have potent antifungal activity. The results revealed that PQ9 showed similar antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis compared clinically prevalent antibacterial drugs cefuroxime. PQ11 exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis, which was about fourfold better than that of cefuroxime. Owing to their outstanding activities, PQ9 and PQ11 were chosen for a further investigation for biofilm and cytotoxicity evaluation. Based on the tests performed, there was a significant positive correlation between inhibition of the biofilm attachment and time. In addition, PQ9 and PQ11 showed cytotoxic effects at high concentrations on Balb/3T3, HaCaT, HUVEC, and NRK‐52E cells (>24 and >18 μg/mL, respectively). Thus, two analogs (PQ9 and PQ11) were identified as the hits with the strong antibacterial efficiency against the S. epidermidis with low MIC values.
Evaluation of body mass index as a prognostic indicator from two rough‐toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) mass strandings in Florida
Authors: Karns Bree L. , Ewing Ruth Y. , Schaefer Adam M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRough‐toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) are a common mass stranding species in Florida. These large stranding events typically include a small number of sick or injured individuals and a much larger number of healthy individuals, making rapid triage essential. Little data exist on rehabilitation outcomes, and historically, successful outcomes are limited. Furthermore, very little data exist on the feeding habits and dietary needs of this species. This study compared morphology and body mass index (BMI) in two rough‐toothed dolphin mass stranding events in Florida: August 2004 (n = 36) and March 2005 (n = 32). The two groups were significantly different in morphologic measurements, with age and gender‐adjusted intake BMI significantly (p < .01) different (2004 = 0.34 ± 0.02; 2005 = 0.41 ± 0.02) between groups. Ten animals from 2005 had weights tracked throughout the rehabilitation process and demonstrated an initial drop in BMI followed by an increase and a plateau prior to release. When comparing initial BMI by stranding outcome, individuals that were rehabilitated and released had a significantly (p = .03) higher BMI than individuals who were euthanized. However, there was no difference between dolphins that died of natural causes (p = .56) and animals successfully rehabilitated. Analysis of BMI can be a useful marker in triage during a stranding, when resources are limited to identify individuals most likely to survive, as well as in determining the appropriate body condition for release. The data reported here can provide guidance on evaluating the nutritive status on this uncommon species that would otherwise be difficult to obtain among wild populations.
Ultrasensitive Organic Humidity Sensor with High Specificity for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Bahuguna Gaurav , Adhikary Vinod S. , Sharma Rakesh K. , Gupta Ritu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHumidity sensors have gained immense importance as non‐invasive, wearable healthcare devices for personal care as well as disease diagnostics. However, non‐specificity, poor stability at extreme conditions, and low sensitivity of the humidity sensor inhibit its usage as a health monitoring device. In the present study, N−F containing organic molecule, SelectfluorTM (F‐TEDA) based humidity sensors with ∼1–2 mm long needle‐shaped crystals is fabricated on interdigitated electrodes resulting in excellent performance. The unidirectional growth of crystals led to the formation of a conduction pathway for water molecules across the crystal, which otherwise are non‐conducting. The as‐fabricated humidity sensor at an operational voltage of 0.8 V displays a sensitivity of six orders in magnitude, best reported so far. The sensor does not exhibit any response upon exposure to various volatile organic compounds and reactive gases, indicating remarkable specificity. The sensor is tolerant to high moisture of 95 % for prolonged hours followed by monitoring over several days and degrades to 50 % of its original sensitivity only after continuous exposure for several days. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows reversal from resistive to capacitive behavior with increasing humidity levels. The fabricated humidity sensor acts as a healthcare device for breath rate monitoring and touch‐free examination of skin moisture.
Spatio‐temporal classification in point patterns under the presence of clutter
Authors: Siino Marianna , Rodríguez‐Cortés Francisco J. , Mateu Jorge , Adelfio Giada 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe consider the problem of detection of features in the presence of clutter for spatio‐temporal point patterns. In previous studies, related to the spatial context, Kth nearest‐neighbor distances to classify points between clutter and features. In particular, a mixture of distributions whose parameters were estimated using an expectation‐maximization algorithm. This paper extends this methodology to the spatio‐temporal context by considering the properties of the spatio‐temporal Kth nearest‐neighbor distances. For this purpose, we make use of a couple of spatio‐temporal distances, which are based on the Euclidean and the maximum norms. We show close forms for the probability distributions of such Kth nearest‐neighbor distances and present an intensive simulation study together with an application to earthquakes.
Submarine platform development by erosion of a Surtseyan cone at Capelinhos, Faial Island, Azores
Authors: Zhao Zhongwei , Mitchell Neil C. , Quartau Rui , Tempera Fernando , Bricheno Lucy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractErosion of volcanic islands ultimately creates shallow banks and guyots, but the ways in which erosion proceeds to create them over time and how the coastline retreat rate relates to wave conditions, rock mass strength and other factors are unclear. The Capelinhos volcano was formed in 1957/58 during a Surtseyan and partly effusive eruption that added an ~2.5 km2 tephra and lava promontory to the western end of Faial Island (Azores, central North Atlantic). Subsequent coastal and submarine erosion has reduced the subaerial area of the promontory and created a submarine platform. This study uses historical information, photos and marine geophysical data collected around the promontory to characterize how the submarine platform developed following the eruption. Historical coastline positions are supplemented with coastlines interpreted from 2004 and 2014 Google Earth images in order to work out the progression of coastline retreat rate and retreat distance for lava‐ and tephra‐dominated cliffs. Data from swath mapping sonars are used to characterize the submarine geometry of the resulting platform (position of the platform edge, gradient and morphology of the platform surface). Photographs collected during SCUBA and ROV dives on the submarine platform reveal a rugged surface now covered with boulders. The results show that coastal retreat rates decreased rapidly with time after the eruption and approximately follow an inverse power‐law relationship with coastal retreat distance. We develop a finite‐difference model for wave attenuation over dipping surfaces to predict how increasing wave attenuation contributed to this trend. The model is verified by reproducing the wave height variation over dipping rock platforms in the UK (platform gradient 1.2° to 1.8°) and Ireland (1.8°). Applying the model to the dipping platform around Capelinhos, using a diversity of cliff resistance predicted from known lithologies, we are able to predict erosion rate trends for some sectors of the edifice. We also explore wider implications of these results, such as how erosion creates shallow banks and guyots in reef‐less mid‐oceanic archipelagos like the Azores. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the psychometric properties of the CES‐D‐10 and its practicality in detecting depressive symptomatology in 27 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: James Caryl , Powell Marvin , Seixas Azizi , Bateman André , Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: August 2019

The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression‐10 (CES‐D‐10) scale is known for its good psychometric properties in measuring depressive symptoms, however, some researchers question its applicability across various settings. This study explored the factor structure of the CES‐D‐10 in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This cross‐sectional survey consisted of 16,723 university students across 27 LMICs that completed self‐report instruments assessing socio‐demographic information and depressive symptoms using the CES‐D‐10. Data analysis included: exploratory factor analysis, item response theory and differential item functioning. Results indicate that a two‐factor model (depressive affect and positive affect) had the best fit for this population and accounted for 52% of the total observed variance with an internal consistency, α = .77 for the depressive affect items and α = .57 for the positive affect items. The graded response model (GRM), however, indicated that the depressive affect factor had a good fit, unlike the positive affect factor. The depressive affect factor was found to consistently model depression for females better than males. Relative to their Asian counterparts, African, Caribbean and South American participants of similar depressive affect responded differently on all items of the depressive affect factor. The depressive affect factor seems most ideal for LMICs and shows gender and cross‐cultural variability.
Primary Bone Tumors: Challenges and Opportunities for CAR-T Therapies
Authors: Folkert Ian W , Devalaraja Samir , Linette Gerald P , Weber Kristy , Haldar Malay 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Primary malignant bone tumors are rare, occur in all age groups, and include distinct entities such as osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. Traditional treatment with some combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation has reached the limit of efficacy, with substantial room for improvement in patient outcome. Furthermore, genomic characterization of these tumors reveals a paucity of actionable molecular targets. Against this backdrop, recent advances in cancer immunotherapy represent a silver lining in the treatment of primary bone cancer. Major strategies in cancer immunotherapy include stimulating naturally occurring anti-tumor T cells and adoptive transfer of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) belong to the latter strategy and are an impressive application of both insights into T cell biology and advances in genetic engineering. In this review, we briefly describe the CAR-T approach and discuss its applications in primary bone tumors. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
TGFβ Inhibition Stimulates Collagen Maturation to Enhance Bone Repair and Fracture Resistance in a Murine Myeloma Model
Authors: Green Alanna C , Lath Darren , Hudson Katie , Walkley Brant , Down Jennifer M , Owen Robert , Evans Holly R , Paton-Hough Julia , Reilly Gwendolen C , Lawson Michelle A , Chantry Andrew D 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy that causes debilitating bone disease and fractures, in which TGFβ plays a central role. Current treatments do not repair existing damage and fractures remain a common occurrence. We developed a novel low tumor phase murine model mimicking the plateau phase in patients as we hypothesized this would be an ideal time to treat with a bone anabolic. Using in vivo μCT we show substantial and rapid bone lesion repair (and prevention) driven by SD-208 (TGFβ receptor I kinase inhibitor) and chemotherapy (bortezomib and lenalidomide) in mice with human U266-GFP-luc myeloma. We discovered that lesion repair occurred via an intramembranous fracture repair-like mechanism and that SD-208 enhanced collagen matrix maturation to significantly improve fracture resistance. Lesion healing was associated with VEGFA expression in woven bone, reduced osteocyte-derived PTHrP, increased osteoblasts, decreased osteoclasts, and lower serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b). SD-208 also completely prevented bone lesion development in mice with aggressive JJN3 tumors, and was more effective than an anti-TGFβ neutralizing antibody (1D11). We also discovered that SD-208 promoted osteoblastic differentiation (and overcame the TGFβ-induced block in osteoblastogenesis) in myeloma patient bone marrow stromal cells in vitro, comparable to normal donors. The improved bone quality and fracture-resistance with SD-208 provides incentive for clinical translation to improve myeloma patient quality of life by reducing fracture risk and fatality. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Green, rapid, and highly efficient syntheses of α,α′‐bis[(aryl or allyl)idene]cycloalkanones and 2‐[(aryl or allyl)idene]‐1‐indanones as potentially biologic compounds via solvent‐free microwave‐assisted Claisen–Schmidt condensation catalyzed by MoCl5
Authors: Bakhshi Reza , Zeynizadeh Behzad , Mousavi Hossein 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new, green, and highly efficient protocol for the expeditious preparation of some α,α′‐bis[(aryl or allyl)idene]cycloalkanones and 2‐[(aryl or allyl)idene]‐1‐indanones via a simple microwave‐assisted Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction catalyzed by MoCl5 was successfully developed. Outstanding features of the current methodology include the use of solvent‐free conditions, simple operation, use of a very inexpensive and available catalyst, low catalyst loading, short reaction times, high yields of the pure products, no harmful by‐products, easy workup, and also the applicability of microwave irradiation as a clean source of energy. Furthermore, a gram‐scale reaction was successfully conducted, proving the scalability of this current Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction.
Flexible gold nanoparticles/rGO and thin film/rGO papers: novel electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Topçu Ezgi , Dağcı Kıranşan Kader 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFabrication of cost‐effective and durable materials for efficient hydrogen production in splitting water (hydrogen evolution reaction) is of importance for the successful utilization of hydrogen‐based green energy technologies. Therefore, electrocatalytic materials have been designed with a simple approach using electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and thin film (AuTF) directly on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) paper. As‐prepared paper electrocatalysts (AuNPs/rGO and AuTF/rGO) were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).RESULTSFree‐standing and flexible AuNPs/rGO and AuTF/rGO electrocatalysts have exhibited excellent performances on HER with low Tafel slopes (88 and 112 mV dec−1), low onset potentials (−47 and −55 mV), small overpotentials of only −176 and −204 mV to drive 10 mA cm−2, respectively, and high durability even with the rolled design. The outstanding performance of these two electrocatalysts can be attributed to the uniform distribution of 20‐nm‐sized AuNPs and the deposition of well‐ordered AuTF on rGO paper, providing an increment in the surface area and an enhancement of the electron density.CONCLUSIONThe controllable design of AuNPs/rGO and AuTF/rGO electrocatalysts, together with their high flexibility, good stability and promising results, suggest potential use in future applications of H2 production in splitting water. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Platelet‐rich fibrin and collagen membrane in the preservation of the alveolar bone: Feasibility of the elemental inorganic composition and scanning electron microscopy analysis
Authors: Dias Fernando José , Arias Alain , Borie Eduardo , Fuentes Ramón 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe success of dental implants is related to the amount, quality, and composition of the alveolar bone. The placement of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) clot associated with a resorbable collagen membrane (RCM) in a postextraction alveolus is a technique used for ridge preservation. This case report study analyzed the ultrastructural characteristics of cross‐sectioned alveolar bone that received PRF and RCM using scanning electron microscopy and the inorganic composition using “energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry,” in order to explore the feasibility of this method to clinical studies. Three alveolar bone samples from two male patients (37 and 58 years old), obtained in the procedure of placing the dental implant, were analyzed. Two bone samples previously received PRF and RCM (M37 and M58), the third sample represented a physiological bone formation without treatment (M37‐control). The bone sample M37 showed irregularly shaped islets of calcified material intermingled with connective tissue. The other samples, from the 58‐year‐old patient with PRF and RCM (M58); and the other untreated bone sample from the same 37‐year‐old patient (M37‐control) showed similar ultrastructural morphology with trabecular conformation without islets agglomerations. The inorganic composition analysis showed higher concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in both samples treated with PRF and RCM in comparison to the untreated bone sample. The Ca/P ratio was higher in the M37 sample compared to the others samples. The results showed morphology and inorganic composition differences among the treatments used, suggesting that this method is feasible to analyze parameters of the alveolar bone tissue.