bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability sensitivity analysis with subset simulation: application to a carbon dioxide storage problem
Authors: Xiao S , Oladyshkin S , Nowak W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reliability sensitivity analysis (RSA) is a sensitivity analysis to measure the effect of modelling parameters on the predicted reliability of a system. It can be used for reliability-based design, safety management, etc. The output-classification-based version of RSA compares the failure-conditional probability density function (PDF) of model parameters with their unconditional PDF to measure sensitivity. The main challenge is to estimate failure-conditional PDFs. Usually, these PDFs can be estimated through the failure samples obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. However, practical systems usually have a small failure probability. For such cases, the brute-force Monte Carlo simulation requires a larger number of samples to obtain enough failure samples. Therefore, the computational cost is very high. In this paper, we propose to use subset simulation to estimate the output-classification-based reliability sensitivity index. Subset simulation introduces a series of intermediate failure events which are easier to sample from, and then iteratively samples in each constrained failure region until the target failure event is reached. Compared to brute-force Monte Carlo simulation, subset simulation samples in a direction towards the target failure domain. Therefore, the failure samples can be obtained more efficiently. We apply subset simulation to perform RSA for a carbon dioxide storage benchmark problem. We show that subset simulation can estimate the output-classification-based reliability sensitivity index more efficiently compared to brute-force Monte Carlo simulation.
Environmentally friendly foundation for the sustainability development of infrastructures in swamp area
Authors: Hakam A , Srihandayani S , Ismail F A , Asmirza M S , Hape M M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Infrastructure development in Indonesia, especially, has moved into swamp areas. Swamps are usually associated with saturated clay and peat soils that are soft and highly compressible. The low bearing capacity and the high excessive settlement are usually solved with piles and pre-consolidation. The remove and replace method with new and better material is sometimes also used. Those methods have really changed the characteristics of the soils and are not friendly to the environment. Some foundation constructions for soft soils have also been proposed, but, in their application, there are technical constraints which are difficult to overcome. Research on the light foundation in soft soils has been carried out to support the light load with a satisfactory settlement. Further studies are carried out to obtain a foundation construction that can support larger loads, but which are still friendly to the swamp environment. The bearing capacity and settlement of foundation is plotted in the graph to formulate the satisfaction indicators of the foundation. In addition, the simple formulation procedures for practical application requirements will be also provided since it is the target of this research for general applications. This foundation is very useful for the sustainability of infrastructure developments that is environmentally friendly.
Free vibration of orthotropic Levy-type solution plates by using SEM
Authors: Kiryu S , Alisjahbana S W , Alisjahbana I , Han A L , Gan B S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Orthotropic Levy-type solution plates considering shear deformation were solved by using the Spectral Element Method (SEM). In SEM, the exact solution of structural dynamic related problems can be solved by using the frequency-dependent shape functions. The solutions of SEM are accurate in decreasing the amount of Degree Of Freedoms (DOF) to discard the cost and computational disadvantages in the Finite Element Method (FEM). This study investigates the free vibration problems of orthotropic Levy-type solution plates solutions based on the two variable Refined Plate Theory (RPT). SEM for orthotropic Levy-type solution plates in the frequency domain was formulated to solve free vibration problems. The differential governing equations of the orthotropic plate element in SEM are formulated into the form of transcendental stiffness matrices. The boundary conditions of the spectral element model consist of four edge-type DOFs at each side of the orthotropic Levy-type solution plates. The natural frequencies of the plate are calculated by means of the Wittrick-Williams procedure. The numerical investigations are presented to show the accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness of SEM without any discretization scheme.
Feasibility of forecasting ecological performances of products in early development phases
Authors: Hein H L , Schwarte J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sustainability, i.e. among other things climate change and resource consumption in the product development phase, have to be increasingly taken into account. The primary energy demand of products and their influence on the greenhouse effect can be scientifically analysed through life cycle assessments. For this purpose, all product, energy and material flows must be recorded in each individual product life phase. If, for some reason, no identifiable data is (yet) available, assumptions must be made whose uncertainties may later lead to deviations in the results, some of which are difficult to assess. This can pose a major problem, as many parameters have not yet been defined or will change in the early development phase such as the production scale. In order to be able to compare the products correctly with already established products, however, the possible changes must also be considered comprehensively. An extension of the established methodology by the concept of interval arithmetic makes it possible to determine the entire spectrum of all environmental impacts potentially occurring through the product, since the existing uncertainties are considered directly in the balancing. This is illustrated by the example of an aerogel-based thermal insulation composite system, the insulating material of which is evaluated.
The effect of alkali concentration on chloride penetration in geopolymer concrete
Authors: Ekaputri J J , Lie H A , Fujiyama C , Shovitri M , Alami N H , Setiamarga D H E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the experimental study on the penetration of chloride ions in fly ash based-geopolymer concrete in the salt-water. To determine the corrosion possibility of reinforcement, lollipop-shape specimens with the size of 10x10x15 cm were prepared with the plain steel bar in the middle of concrete. The specimens were exposed to chloride ion penetration for 30-120 days. The mixtures were varied with alkali concentration of 8M-12M with the mass ratio of Na2SiO3 to NaOH was varied from 1.5 to 2.5. Specimens made with portland cement concrete was also prepared as the control. The best performance was showed by specimens made with 12M of NaOH. Due to ion exchange on the surface of geopolymer concrete, less chloride ion was found in geopolymer made with high alkali concentration. After 90 days, Portland cement concrete showed less performance while geopolymer concrete showed the strength increasing. High binding capacity due to soluble silicate content in geopolymer concrete was one of the reasons why geopolymer specimens are more resistant to chloride ion penetration.
Unit processes identification of maintenance on rigid and flexible pavement of local road
Authors: Handayani F S , Pramesti F P , Setyawan A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Maintenance and rehabilitation as parts of pavement’s life cycle become more important since it’s an effort to restore the road condition as planned. This process will produce the emission of greenhouse gases that give an impact to the environment. The Live Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used to estimate the GHG’s emissions. With LCA we could identify the unit process that will produce the GHG’s emissions during maintenance and rehabilitation of road pavement. This research aimed to identify the unit processes of the maintenance and rehabilitation of rigid and flexible pavement and to analyse the amount of GHG emitted during this process. Four local roads in Indonesia were investigated as case studies. The result indicated the amount of energy of the unit processes as well as the GHG amount. This will lead to the identification of the hotspot of flexible and rigid pavement maintenance process. In rigid pavement maintenance activities, the hotspots included the asphalt transport process to asphalt mixing plant, cement transportation to the batching plant, and cement processing. Meanwhile, in flexible pavement maintenance activities, the hotspots were the asphalt transportation to asphalt mixing plant, transportation aggregate, and transportation to site.
Effect of sodium silicate as activator on the fresh and hardened properties of cement-slag blended paste
Authors: Thymotie A , Chang T-P , Nguyen H-A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) is commonly used as partial cement replacement in concrete production. Although the use of GGBS has many advantages, it possesses a lower initial hydration rate that leads to lower early strength. Therefore, an attempt to use sodium silicate to activate the GGBS was carried out to promote the early strength of cement-GGBS blended paste. Based on experimental results, incorporation of 5 and 10% of sodium silicate slightly reduced the flowability and final setting time of blended paste. For hardened properties, the addition of sodium silicate reduced the strength at early age until 28 days. The modulus of elasticity of activated paste with sodium silicate was lower at early age, however at 28 days the result was comparable with the control specimen. The addition of sodium silicate decreased the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) value at early age, however, at 28 days, 5% sodium silicate specimen had a higher UPV value than the control specimen. The different trend between UPV test and compressive strength test was suggested due to the inhomogeneous structure of activated blended paste that had a different mechanism during destructive test (compressive strength test) and non-destructive test (UPV test).
Development of a tool to assess and advance the effectiveness of preceptors: The Habits of Preceptors Rubric
Authors: Larson Suzanne , Davis Lindsay E , Stevens Alison M , El-Ibiary Shareen , Grice Gloria , Pogge Elizabeth , Raney Erin , Storjohann Tara 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Present the research performed to identify and describe habits of effective pharmacy preceptors and provide a framework for targeted preceptor assessment and development.

Methods
A 5-round Delphi consensus-building process was used to refine the initial Habits of Preceptors Rubric (HOP-R) developed by the research team. Twenty experts in pharmacy experiential education participated. During the Delphi process, feedback and agreement on all parts of the HOP-R were sought, including the premise, introductory content, framework, preceptor domains, habits, habit level descriptions, and continuous professional development (CPD) plan. After each Delphi round, the research team grouped responses into themes and modified the draft rubric accordingly. These themes were used to frame the response document sent to the expert panel for the following Delphi round; this document explained modifications made to the HOP-R. Consensus was defined as a mean score of ≥3.25 on a 4-point scale (4 = strongly agree, 1 = strongly disagree) for posed statements or ≥70% agreement for ranked items.

Results
In the final Delphi round (response rate, 95%), consensus was achieved for all HOP-R individual structural and content elements except the habit level descriptors, for which a secondary rank order analysis was performed. The final HOP-R has 3 domains encompassing 11 preceptor habits that can be displayed across 4 habit levels progressing from developing to master.

Conclusion
The HOP-R was developed to assess, quantify, and demonstrate growth across a wide variety of pharmacy preceptor habits. Potential utility includes use as a framework to articulate the knowledge, skills, and behaviors of effective preceptors, facilitate the creation of individualized CPD plans, and assess the impact of participation in teaching and learning curricula.
Analysis of antibiotic use in a large network of emergency departments
Authors: O’Neal Fredrick , Kramer Joan , Cooper Mandelin , Septimus Edward , Sharma Sanya , Burgess L Hayley 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To assess antibiotic selection, administration, and prescribing practices in emergency departments across a large hospital system using evidence-based practices and susceptibility patterns.

Methods
This retrospective data review was conducted using health system–level electronic data compiled from 145 emergency departments (EDs) across the United States. Data were examined for national generalizability, most common diagnoses of infectious origin seen in nonadmitted patients in the ED, most commonly administered antibiotics in the ED, and geographically defined areas’ unique patterns of antibiotic resistance and susceptibility.

Results
More than 627,000 unique patient encounters and 780,000 antibiotic administrations were assessed for trends in patient demographics, antibiotics administered for a diagnosis of infectious origin, and corresponding susceptibility patterns. Results indicated that practices in the EDs of this health system aligned with evidence-based practices for streptococcal pharyngitis, otitis media, cellulitis, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Conclusion
These results provide a representative sample of the current state of practices within many EDs across the United States for nonadmitted patients. A similar data reconstruction can be completed by other health systems to assess their prescribing practices in the ED to improve and elevate care for patients visiting the emergency room and treated as outpatients.
Assessment of perceived workload in academic health center community pharmacies before and after implementation of a central call center
Authors: Legenza Laurel , Nickman Nancy A , Drews Frank A , Rim Matthew , Tigh Jeremy , Kelly Michael P , Tyler Linda S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Results of a study to determine whether reducing pharmacy phone call workload through implementation of a pharmacy services call center (PSCC) led to decreased employee workload, improved efficiency, and increased pharmacist availability for patient care are reported.

Methods
A pre–post study was conducted using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) instrument. Pharmacists, pharmacy technicians at 7 academic health center community pharmacies, and PSCC staff provided NASA-TLX data over 5 days during 3 data collection periods before and after PSCC implementation. Perceived workload was measured as an overall workload score (OWS) and mean scores for 6 NASA-TLX workload dimensions (mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration).

Results
Relative to pre-PSCC values, mean postimplementation OWS scores significantly decreased in all 7 pharmacies (from 33.3 to 29.1 overall, p < 0.001) but especially in small pharmacies (from 31.7 to 27.6, p < 0.001). Scores for the physical demand and frustration dimensions were low in both the PSCC and in the 7 pharmacies, while scores for the performance dimension remained high (range, 6.8–8.3). In general, scores for all other measured NASA-TLX dimensions decreased after PSCC implementation, more so at smaller pharmacies. The PSCC staff mean OWS score increased over time (from 26.8 to 28.6, p < 0.0001) but remained near the overall pharmacy average of 29.1.

Conclusion
Use of the NASA TLX allowed for a direct subjective measurement of workload as perceived by pharmacy and PSCC employees before and after PSCC implementation. Long-term effects of the PSCC on workload should be assessed.
Posterior Vaginoplasty With Perineoplasty: A Canadian Experience With Vaginal Tightening Surgery
Authors: Austin Ryan E , Lista Frank , Vastis Peter-George , Ahmad Jamil 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Following vaginal trauma, most commonly vaginal delivery, women may experience vaginal laxity as a result of local tissue stretching and separation of the pelvic floor musculature. In addition to this generalized sensation of laxity, women may complain of decreased sexual satisfaction, gaping of the perineum, and excessive vaginal secretions. Since 2014, the authors have used a posterior vaginoplasty with perineoplasty technique for the surgical management of vaginal laxity. To date, the authors have performed surgical vaginal tightening in 30 consecutive patients and found that the posterior vaginoplasty with perineoplasty technique has allowed us to achieve reproducible outcomes with no postoperative complications. This article will review the authors’ approach to patients presenting for surgical vaginal tightening and the authors’ experience to date, including our preoperative screening, perioperative management, and detailed steps of the procedure.
Changes in Infective Endocarditis Admissions in Pennsylvania During the Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Meisner Jessica A , Anesi Judith , Chen Xinwei , Grande David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
With the current opioid crisis in the United States, infectious complications related to injection drug use are increasingly reported. Pennsylvania is at the epicenter of the opioid crisis, with the third highest rate of drug overdose deaths in the United States.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed using the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council database of all residents hospitalized for infective endocarditis (IE) in an acute care hospital from 1 January 2013 through 31 March 2017. Patients were separated into those with and those without substance use via diagnosis codes. The primary outcome was length of stay. Secondarily, we evaluated demographics, infection history, hospital charges, and insurance status.

Results
Of the 17 224 hospitalizations, 1921 (11.1%) were in patients with drug use–associated IE (DU-IE). Total quarterly IE admissions increased 20%, with a 6.5% increase in non–drug use–associated IE (non-DU-IE) admissions and a 238% increase in DU-IE admissions. In adjusted models, DU-IE was not associated with significant changes in length of stay (incidence rate ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, .975–1.072; P = .36). Patients with DU-IE were predominantly insured by Medicaid (68.3% vs 13.4% for non-DU-IE), they had higher hospital charges ($86 622 vs $66 802), and they were more likely to leave against medical advice (15.7% vs 1.1%) (all P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates an increase in IE admissions, driven by an increase in admissions for DU-IE. The higher charges, proportion of patients on Medicaid, and rates of leaving against medical advice among the DU-IE group shows the downstream effects of the opioid crisis.
Primary care physicians’ attitudes toward research: a cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Adler Limor , Gabay Linoy , Yehoshua Ilan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Clinical research in family medicine can improve health outcomes and increase physicians’ professionalism, yet is modest compared to other disciplines and receives little funding.

Objectives
To identify factors that promote and impede engagement of family physicians in research and to compare characteristics of family physicians who do and do not engage in research.

Methods
During September to October 2018, e-mail questionnaires were sent to 1424 primary care physicians of one health maintenance organization. Respondents were classified as researchers and non-researchers based on their research experience. Responses were analysed using univariate analysis, principal component analysis and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Of 235 respondents, 48 (20.4%) were categorized as researchers. The respondents generally agreed that research in primary care improves medical services and provides professional prestige; and that workload, bureaucracy and lack of dedicated time hinder engagement in research. Logistic regression analysis identified several factors associated with being a researcher, including advanced research training (P = 0.001, AOR = 8.49, 95% CI [2.49–29.14]), reading more research articles (P = 0.013, AOR = 14.16, 95% CI [1.76–113.5] and self-employment (P = 0.005, AOR = 5.92, 95% CI [1.71–20.44]). In a factor analysis, only ‘importance of research’ was associated with being a researcher (P = 0.039, AOR = 1.89, 95% CI [1.03–3.48]). Compared to non-researchers, researchers were older (83.3% versus 51.3% aged &gt;40 years, P &lt; 0.001), more often men (60.4% versus 37.4%, P = 0.02) and worked more (41.7% versus 16.7% worked &gt;41 hours weekly, P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Providing time dedicated to research, administrative support, research training and education about the importance of research could increase participation in research by primary care physicians.
Multifactorial Attenuation of the Murine Heat Shock Response With Age
Authors: Jurivich Donald A , Manocha Gunjan D , Trivedi Rachana , Lizakowski Mary , Rakoczy Sharlene , Brown-Borg Holly 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Age-dependent perturbation of the cellular stress response affects proteostasis and other key functions relevant to cellular action and survival. Central to age-related changes in the stress response is loss of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)–DNA binding and transactivation properties. This report elucidates how age alters different checkpoints of HSF1 activation related to posttranslational modification and protein interactions. When comparing liver extracts from middle aged (12 M) and old (24 M) mice, significant differences are found in HSF1 phosphorylation and acetylation. HSF1 protein levels and messenger RNA decline with age, but its protein levels are stress-inducible and exempt from age-dependent changes. This surprising adaptive change in the stress response has additional implications for aging and chronic physiological stress that might explain an age-dependent dichotomy of HSF1 protein levels that are low in neurodegeneration and elevated in cancer.