bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Crowding Agent Modified Polyanionic Gel Electrolyte for Zinc Ion Batteries Operating at 100 °C
Authors: Huang Shimin , He Shenggong , Huang Shilin , Zeng Xianggang , Li Yanzhao , Noor Hadia , Hou Xianhua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) attract attention due to their safety and high specific capacity. However, their practical applications are constrained by Zn anode corrosion, dendritic growth, and poor high‐temperature adaptability induced by a strong hydrogen‐bond network in aqueous electrolytes. In this work, a dual network polyanionic gel electrolyte (denoted as PAM‐PAMPS‐10PD) is developed capable of withstanding high temperatures (100 °C) by in situ polymerization. The abundant anionic groups in the gel electrolyte greatly improve Zn2+ transport and inducing uniform deposition of Zn2+. Then the addition of the high‐boiling molecular crowding agent 1,5‐pentanediol (PD) can inhibit the water activity by enhancing hydrogen bonding with H2O and changing the solvation structure of Zn2+ to inhibit Zn anode corrosion. As a result, the symmetric battery using the PAM‐PAMPS‐10PD gel electrolyte can be stably cycled for at least 500 h at 100 °C and 0.5 mA cm−2/0.5 mAh cm−2, realizing dendrite‐free zinc anodes at high temperatures. Moreover, the Zn–AC full battery has a capacity retention of 47.8% after 3000 cycles at 100 °C and 4 mA cm−2. This study provides a beneficial reference for the design of high‐performance high‐temperature gel electrolytes and establishes a solid foundation for the practical application of AZIBs.
Entropy and Enthalpy Co‐Tuning Strategy in Cu2‐yAgy(In0.06Sn0.94)Se2S System toward Excellent Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Zhang Wanjia , Wu Fanshi , Hua Yezhen , Nie Haonan , Xu Pengfei , Zhao Wei , Wang Xiyang , Bang Shinhyo , Guo Xiaofeng , Lou Yue , Xu Biao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the reduction in size, nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit unique chemical and physical properties due to surface effects and size‐dependent electronic bands. However, a significant challenge that limits their practical application is the tendency for grain growth at elevated temperatures. Herein, an entropic and enthalpic‐co‐stabilization strategy is employed in a series of high‐entropy Cu2‐yAgy(In0.06Sn0.94)Se2S materials. Remarkably, the grain size of these materials remains at 70 nm even after repeated tests up to 873 K. This stability has enabled to achieve an ultra‐low thermal conductivity (κtot) of 0.22 W m−1 K−1, a record‐high peak zT value of 1.76, and a high average zT value of 0.54 for nanostructured Cu1.73Ag0.27(In0.06Sn0.94)Se2S. Additionally, a high thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.5% for the segmented single‐leg module and 3.8% for the 2‐pair module at ΔT ≈ 460 K are achieved with the Cu2SnSe3‐based material, marking its debut in thermoelectric power generation. These findings provide a paradigm to stabilize grain size and improve the thermoelectric performance of nano‐sized high‐entropy materials (HEMs), presenting a promising avenue for substantial advancements across various applications.
Constructing Fast Ion/Electron Conducting Pathway within 3D Stable Scaffold for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Liu Xueting , Tan Hongming , Li Yuting , Wu Heng , Wu Shijie , Yang Li , Liang Yaru , Xu Guobao , Huang Jianyu , Wang Gang , Su Jincang , Ou Xing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUtilizing limited Li‐metal (<10 mAh cm−2) is desirable to achieve high‐specific‐energy Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). However, the rapid Li‐metal depletion and anode pulverization severely restrict the cycle life of LMBs. Herein, 3D carbon‐based scaffold is proposed as a host to construct a composite Li‐metal anode (ZOS‐CF@Li) with a limited Li amount of 8 mAh cm−2 via molten Li infusion assisted by the lithiophilic ZnO/ZnS. In situ TEM reveals that the ZnO/ZnS can spontaneously convert into ionically conductive Li2O/Li2S and electronically conductive LiZn‐alloy, contributing to faster ion/electron transport and favorable dendrite‐free deposition. The experiment results combined with theoretical calculations confirm that the inorganic Li‐salts with high elastic modulus and super lithiophilicity enable homogenous electric field distribution and reduced Li‐diffusion energy barriers. Therefore, the ZOS‐CF@Li anode exhibits stable cycling over 1100 h with low overpotential under 5 mAh cm−2 in the symmetric cell. Furthermore, stable cycle performances coupled with high mass loading of LiFePO4 (20 mg cm−2) and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (18 mg cm−2) at low N/P ratios of 2.38 and 2.25 are achieved in the full‐cells, respectively. The Li||LFP pouch‐cell can maintain a high‐capacity retention of 97.7% after 90 cycles. This work will shed light on the design of a carbon‐based host for building stable Li‐anode in high‐energy‐density LMBs.
Ultrahigh Plateau‐Capacity Sodium Storage by Plugging Open Pores
Authors: Peng Jiao , Wang Huanwen , Shi Xiaojun , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHard carbon (HC) stands out as the most promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), and a precise adjustment of the pore structure is the key to achieving high plateau‐capacity. In this work, composite hard carbon is developed by integrating graphitic carbon with biomass waste (banana peel)‐derived activated carbon (AC). In this design, N‐doped pseudographite layer is stacked at the entrance of open pores, forming a long‐range graphitic layer without excessive graphitization. As a result, the surface area of AC is decreased by 170 times down to less than 10 m3 g−1, and the corresponding open pores are in situ converted into closed pores. In an optimized electrolyte solvation structure, the obtained HC anode achieves the reversible sodium‐storage capacity up to 524 mAh g−1. In particular, a large portion of the capacity (490 mAh g−1) lies below the plateau of 0.25 V, which originates from the pore‐filling mechanism as revealed by in situ Raman. This study provides a straightforward method to modulate the pore structure of carbon materials, and an energy‐efficient (900 °C) synthesis for HC compared to traditional high‐temperature routes (e.g., ≈1300–2000 °C).
Physical Fields Coupling Freeze‐Drying Process of Carbon‐Based Composite Aerogels for Microwave Absorption and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Xiao Hang , Lv Jiangbo , Yi Maoyu , Chen Menghao , He Xian , Tan Wei , Yang Wenjie , Zeng Ke , Hu Jianghuai , Yang Gang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInspired by physical field freezing technology from frozen food engineering, the ultrasonic field and static magnetic field are integrated simultaneously into the freeze‐drying process to prepare aerogel for the first time. Taking polyimide(PI)‐derived carbon composite aerogels as an example, it is demonstrated that the ultrasonic field and magnetic field are capable of regulating the ice crystal size by affecting the liquid cooling phase and the phase transition phase, respectively. The aerogel structure with small pore size and narrow pore size distribution is obtained. Thus leading to the formation of an abundant conductive network and heterogeneous interface, so as to realize the regulation of the porous structure of aerogels. Secondly, the coupling of ultrasound and magnetic fields addresses the agglomeration and realizes the orientation alignment of nanofillers. The charge storage capacity and conductivity of the system are improved. Therefore, the electrical conductivity, conductive loss, polarization loss, and multiple reflections of the composite aerogel are enhanced to obtain improved electromagnetic shielding performance microwave absorption property. The present work provides a scalable reactive processing pathway for the structural modulation of aerogels.
Soil inoculation with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria to supplement maize fertilizer need
Authors: Woodward Logan P. , Sible Connor N. , Seebauer Juliann R. , Below Frederick E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNitrogen (N) is an essential plant nutrient, but low and variable plant‐available N levels in agricultural soils often limit maximum grain production. The objective of this study was to determine if a free‐living nitrogen‐fixing bacterial inoculant (NFI) could supply biologically‐fixed N as an additional N source and if this enhances maize (Zea mays L.) N uptake and grain yield. Maize was grown at four site‐years in Illinois during 2019–2021. The NFI, a mixture of edited Klebsiella variicola and Kosakonia sacchari, was applied in furrow at planting with urea‐N rates from 0 to 225 kg N ha−1. Using quadratic regression models, across N rates, the NFI supplemented the fertilizer‐N equivalent of 38.5 or 12.1 kg N ha−1 at V8 or R1, respectively. Increases in N accumulation were observed in all plant fractions, and δ15N abundance measurements confirmed that some of this additional N was derived from biological N fixation. The NFI treatment increased N accumulation by an average of 4.8% and 3.7% at V8 and R1, respectively, which was the result of greater biomass, with no effect on plant N concentration. Application of NFI resulted in an average of 1.5% more kernels m−2 and 0.11 Mg ha−1 more grain yield. This work reveals that NFI can provide an additional source of N for maize production but identifies that the season‐long benefit of fixed‐N from an NFI is yet to be fully optimized.
Effects of an increase in emergency cases with difficulties in transport to hospital during the COVID‐19 pandemic on postoperative short‐term outcomes of colorectal perforation: A study based on the National Clinical Database
Authors: Ogawa Shimpei , Endo Hideki , Yoshida Masahiro , Tsuru Tomomitsu , Itabashi Michio , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Ueno Hideki , Shirabe Ken , Hibi Taizo , Taketomi Akinobu , Ikeda Norihiko , Mori Masaki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, there were delays in transport of emergency cases to hospital by ambulance due to increased difficulties in obtaining hospital acceptance. The aim of this study was to examine if this had a negative effect on postoperative short‐term outcomes in patients with colorectal perforation.MethodsThe National Clinical Database (NCD) includes >95% of surgical cases in Japan. Postoperative 30‐day mortality, surgical mortality, and postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3) were examined in 17 770 cases of colorectal perforation registered from 2019 to 2022 in the NCD. These outcomes were compared for cases with new COVID‐19 infection and emergency cases with difficulties in transport to hospital. Months were considered to have significantly high or low mortality or complication rates, if the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the standardized mortality (morbidity) ratio (SMR) did not contain 1.ResultsPostoperative 30‐day mortality occurred in 1826 cases (10.3%), surgical mortality in 2382 cases (13.4%), and postoperative complications in 5276 cases (29.7%). Significantly higher SMRs were found for 30‐day mortality in November 2020 (1.44 [95% CI: 1.07–1.89]) and February 2021 (1.54 [95% CI: 1.14–2.03]), and for postoperative complications in June 2020 (1.27 [95% CI: 1.07–1.50]). In 2022, there were marked increases in new COVID‐19 cases and in emergency cases with difficulties in transport to hospital, but no month had a significantly high SMR.ConclusionsEmergency cases with difficulties in transport markedly increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic but had little effect on short‐term outcomes of colorectal perforation.
Advancements in Machine Learning for Microrobotics in Biomedicine
Authors: Salehi Amar , Hosseinpour Soleiman , Tabatabaei Nasrollah , Soltani Firouz Mahmoud , Zadebana Niloufar , Nauber Richard , Medina‐Sánchez Mariana 
Published: November 2024

Microrobotics, particularly in the field of biomedicine, has garnered considerable attention due to its potential for noninvasive medical interventions enabled by the small size of microrobots. However, controlling and imaging them present unique challenges compared to their macroscale counterparts, primarily due to the intricate anatomical spaces and dynamic environments within the human body. Existing imaging modalities also face limitations, hindering real‐time visualization and control of microrobots in deep tissue. Machine learning (ML) algorithms offer promising solutions to these challenges by enabling adaptive motion control and enhancing image resolution through robust data analysis and decision‐making capabilities. In this review, a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in ML‐based techniques for microrobotic research is provided, emphasizing their applications in imaging and control in biomedical contexts. Additionally, current obstacles and potential future directions for ML algorithms in microrobotics, particularly regarding their translation to clinical settings, are discussed.
Introduction: The Influences of Religion and Spirituality on Human Biology
Authors: Lynn Christopher D. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective of this special issue is to highlight the absence of religion and spirituality in the human biological enterprise. We have assembled a set of articles covering physiology, psychology, cognition, and neurophenomenology. The influences on human biology are diverse, yet many have been historically overlooked, which we hope this special issue takes a large step in remedying. Here, we outline how this issue came together and introduce readers to the articles to follow.
Risk‐Based Decision Making: Estimands for Sequential Prediction Under Interventions
Authors: Luijken Kim , Morzywołek Paweł , van Amsterdam Wouter , Cinà Giovanni , Hoogland Jeroen , Keogh Ruth , Krijthe Jesse H. , Magliacane Sara , van Ommen Thijs , Peek Niels , Putter Hein , van Smeden Maarten , Sperrin Matthew , Wang Junfeng , Weir Daniala L. , Didelez Vanessa , van Geloven Nan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPrediction models are used among others to inform medical decisions on interventions. Typically, individuals with high risks of adverse outcomes are advised to undergo an intervention while those at low risk are advised to refrain from it. Standard prediction models do not always provide risks that are relevant to inform such decisions: for example, an individual may be estimated to be at low risk because similar individuals in the past received an intervention which lowered their risk. Therefore, prediction models supporting decisions should target risks belonging to defined intervention strategies. Previous works on prediction under interventions assumed that the prediction model was used only at one time point to make an intervention decision. In clinical practice, intervention decisions are rarely made only once: they might be repeated, deferred, and reevaluated. This requires estimated risks under interventions that can be reconsidered at several potential decision moments. In the current work, we highlight key considerations for formulating estimands in sequential prediction under interventions that can inform such intervention decisions. We illustrate these considerations by giving examples of estimands for a case study about choosing between vaginal delivery and cesarean section for women giving birth. Our formalization of prediction tasks in a sequential, causal, and estimand context provides guidance for future studies to ensure that the right question is answered and appropriate causal estimation approaches are chosen to develop sequential prediction models that can inform intervention decisions.
Patients' Characteristics Associated With Size of Ruptured and Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Dinger Thiemo Florin , Chihi Mehdi , Gümüs Meltem , Rieß Christoph , Santos Alejandro Nicolas , Moskopp Mats Leif , Rodemerk Jan , Schüßler Maximilian , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Li Yan , Wrede Karsten Henning , Dammann Philipp René , Sure Ulrich , Jabbarli Ramazan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe size of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) remains the most crucial risk factor for treatment decisions. On the other side, there is a non‐negligible portion of small ruptured IA and large stable UIA. This study aimed to identify the patients' characteristics related to IA size in the context of IA rupture status.MethodsA total of 2152 patients, with 1002 being hospitalized for an acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), were included from our institutional IA database. Different demographic and clinical characteristics of patients and IA were collected. IA size was the study endpoint, assessed as continuous variable in univariate and multivariable linear regression analysis, separately for ruptured (R) IA and UIA.ResultsThe mean IA size was 8.3 and 7.3 mm in the UIA and RIA subpopulations, respectively. Higher age (p = 0.003) and baseline blood urea level (p < 0.001) were independently associated with increasing UIA size. In contrast, location at the posterior circulation (p < 0.001), familiar intracranial aneurysms (p < 0.001), serum potassium (p = 0.006), and total serum protein (p = 0.019) were related to smaller UIA size in the multivariate analysis. For RIA, a statistically significant and independent association was detected for location (p = 0.019), history of gastrointestinal diseases (p = 0.042), and levothyroxine intake (p = 0.002).ConclusionsIdentification of clinical characteristics related to the size of ruptured and unruptured IA allows a more differentiated view on the genesis of RIA and UIA and the value of sack size as a basis for therapeutic decision‐making. More research is needed to verify the identified risk factors.
Ni/Fe Fluorides (Hydroxide) Nanocomposite as Efficient OER Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Dong Liangliang , Zhang Qiang , Wang Li , He Xiangming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts that markedly reduce the overpotential over an extended period is crucial for electrolytic water splitting toward hydrogen production. A kind of Ni/Fe fluoride (hydroxide) nanocomposite OER catalyst is designed and prepared by a two‐step method for the first time. The nanocomposite with the optimal OER performance (Ni : Fe precursor ratio of 9 : 1) is observed to possess a nanoparticle morphology with size of about 100 nm. Each nanoparticle hosts extensive nanoregions of Ni4OHF7, NiFeF5 ⋅ 2H2O and Fe1.9F4.75 ⋅ 0.95H2O phases. The optimal nanocomposite (Ni : Fe precursor ratio of 9 : 1) exhibits OER overpotential of merely 208 mV and 349 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2 respectively, tafel slope of 53.1, and outstanding stability for 10 h duration at 100 mA cm−2. The superior OER catalytic performance of the optimal nanocomposite after CV activation is mainly ascribed to the comprehensive catalytic effect of multiple Ni, Fe active sites from three phases, the smaller charge transfer resistance achieved at this particular Ni : Fe precursor ratio. The abundant resources of Ni, Fe, F elements and the superior OER properties of the Ni/Fe fluorides (hydroxide) nanocomposite, make it a good OER catalyst candidate for electrolytic water splitting toward hydrogen production.
Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid Using KIT‐6 Supported Non‐Noble Metal‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Eslek Koyuncu Dilsad Dolunay , Tug Ilkin , Oktar Nuray , Murtezaoglu Kirali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the activity of KIT‐6 supported nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) catalysts, and the effect of Co incorporation to the Ni@KIT‐6 catalyst in the formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation. Ni and Co are inexpensive and readily available non‐noble transition metals that are considered ideal for dehydrogenation reactions due to their high activity against C−C and C−H bond breaking. In this study, KIT‐6 supported catalysts were tested for hydrogen production from FA in a conventionally heated packed‐bed continuous‐flow system. N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms of the samples were found to be consistent with Type‐IV according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) classification. The introduction of metal loading resulted in the preservation of the mesoporous structure of the support material. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the catalysts exhibited the characteristic amorphous silica structure. Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFT) analysis, Lewis acidity of Co‐based catalysts was found to be higher than the Ni‐based catalysts. The complete formic acid conversion was observed at 200–350 °C. The highest H2 selectivity was obtained with the 3Ni@KIT‐6 catalyst. The Co‐based catalysts exhibited relatively lower catalytic activity, which was linked to increased coke formation within these catalysts.
A 24‐ to 28‐GHz 4×1$$ 4\times 1 $$ MIMO Transmitter/Receiver for 5G Phased‐Array Applications With High Amplitude and Phase Control
Authors: Serhan Ozboz Serafettin , Burak Abdurrahman , Alper Ozkan Tahsin , Kandis Hamza , Gungor Berke , Bahadir Ozdol Ali , Kalyoncu Ilker , Gurbuz Yasar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a 4‐channel 24‐ to 28‐GHz RF front‐end MIMO system designed for 5G applications. The transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) chips are fabricated using 130‐nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The chips contain a 6‐bit phase shifter (PS), 1‐bit attenuator (ATT), 3‐bit variable gain amplifier (VGA), serial peripheral interface (SPI), Wilkinson combiner, power amplifier (PA), and low noise amplifier (LNA). The designed vector‐sum PS, employing a current DAC for semi‐digitization, achieves a 6‐bit phase resolution with minimal root‐mean‐square (RMS) phase error. This design choice allows for the high bit control of the current DAC within a compact chip area. Four‐bit amplitude control is obtained with VGA and ATT. The VGA provides 8‐dB amplitude range while ATT enlarges overall amplitude control with additional 8 dB. L‐R‐L phase compensation technique is utilized to reduce the phase error that arises from ATT. The sub‐blocks are designed to operate with low DC power such that the DC power consumption of overall RX and TX is 50 and 97 mW, respectively. The measurement results of a single‐channel indicate a gain of 15.5‐dB and −25‐dBm IP1dB for the RX chip and 26.5‐dB and 10‐dBm OP1dB for the TX chip while each chip occupies 0.83 mm. The RX chip exhibits a measured noise figure (NF) of 4.3 dB at 26 GHz. Both Tx and Rx chips achieve 6‐bit phase control and 4‐bit amplitude control with low RMS phase error of 2.6° and gain error of 0.3 dB. Low RMS gain and phase errors over a wide bandwidth are attributed to the high precision DAC employed in the control of VGA and PS. Both chips are flip‐chip packaged and undergo upconversion/downconversion via external mixers on a printed circuit board (PCB). System‐level tests with 64‐quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) show an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 2.72% at 27 GHz for RX and 5.02% at 24 GHz for TX, with a 50‐MBaud modulated signal applied at a data rate of 300 MBps.