bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Changes in the Prevalence of Antibiotic-Susceptible Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii Complex Isolates Result in Increased Multidrug Resistance Rates During Winter Months
Authors: Burnham Jason P , Feldman Mario F , Calix Juan J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Temporal analysis of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex isolates in a large, US healthcare system demonstrated decreased occurrence of antibiotic-susceptible isolates between November and May, while resistant isolate occurrence was temporally stable. This resulted in 50%–100% seasonal increases of resistance rates. This work offers insight into the phenomenon of Gram-negative pathogen seasonality.
Microsurgical Resection of Trigeminal Schwannomas: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Cândido Duarte N C , Rassi Marcio S , Ceccato Guilherme Henrique Weiler , de Oliveira Jean Gonçalves , Borba Luis A B 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Trigeminal schwannomas are benign lesions arising from the Schwann cells of the trigeminal nerve. This is an unusual tumor that accounts for less than 0.4% of intracranial pathologies, even though they are the second most frequent schwannoma after the vestibular schwannoma. The tumor spreads along the natural course of the V nerve at its cisternal portion, along the ganglion inside Meckel's cave or through its peripheral division. Even though the tumor can reach great size and become multicompartmental. We present a 51-yr-old woman, with an history of 3 mo of incapacitating facial pain, that was found on examination to be on the territory of the third division of the trigeminal nerve on the right side. The MRI depicted a large homogeneous enhancing lesion at the base of the right middle fossa with extension through the petrous apex to the most superior and medial part of the posterior fossa. The patient was operated by the senior author, through a middle fossa approach, dissecting between the two layers of the middle fossa dura (the apparent inner and the true outer layer of the cavernous sinus), the so called middle fossa “peeling”. We achieved total resection of the tumor, but the patient presented after surgery with facial nerve paresis. This is thought to be related to geniculate ganglion manipulation, as it was unprotect by bone at the middle fossa and the patient maintained lacrimal function (post-geniculate alteration). It resolved completely after 6 mo. The patient consented to publication of her images.
Minimally Invasive, Endoscopic-Assisted Device for Subdural Electrode Implantation in Epilepsy
Authors: Grewal Sanjeet S , Benscoter Mark , Kuehn Stephen , Lundstrom Brian N , Stead Matthew , Worrell Gregory , Van Gompel Jamie J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Subdural grids and strip electrodes provide wide coverage of the cerebral cortex, precise delineation of the extent of the seizure onset zone, and improved spatial sampling to perform functional mapping for eloquent cortex.

OBJECTIVE
To describe a novel device that allows for a minimally invasive approach to implantation of subdural grid and strip electrodes.

METHODS
A skull mounted device was created to allow for implantation of subdural electrodes through a keyhole craniotomy with direct visualization using the aid of a flexible neurovideoscope. The initial studies in preparation for grid development performed on cadaveric skulls were analyzed to determine the size of craniotomy required for deployment, maximal distance of strip electrode deployment from center of craniotomy, and visual inspection of the cortex was performed for any underlying damage.

RESULTS
The device allowed for the placement of subdural electrodes through a 40-mm craniotomy. Subdural electrodes were deployed in multiple directions to a distance of a 70-mm radius from the center of the craniotomy. There was no visual damage to the underlying cortex after the procedures were completed.

CONCLUSION
Large craniotomies are typically desired to provide direct visualization of the implantation of subdural electrodes, but can increase the risk of subdural hemorrhages and infections. This study describes a novel minimally invasive endoscopically assisted device for the implantation of subdural strip electrodes under direct visualization. With this device, we are able to limit the size of the craniotomy, avoid incision through the temporalis muscle, and implant subdural electrodes with visualization of the cortex.
Conclusion
Authors: Sergio Gamonal C. , Rosado Marzán César F. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter, the book’s conclusion, summarizes the book’s main points and generally describes how the U.S. case illuminates the utility of Latin America and principled labor law for the rest of the world. It argues that, despite globalization, neoliberalism, labor law crises, and whatnot, many countries have deep traditions, legal and otherwise, that support protecting the weak and, as such, the protective principle and its correlative principles, primacy of reality, nonwaiver, and continuity. If the United States, one of the least labor-protective jurisdictions in the developed world, has the potential of having a labor-protective jurisprudence, other countries might do even better than the United States if they ascribe to principled labor law. In fact, the chapter briefly shows how the United Kingdom’s courts acknowledge primacy of reality (fact) and the protective principle in recent cases dealing with “gig” work. The conclusion also acknowledges that the book has been partial to state-enforced labor law, discussing little the importance of freedom of association. However, it asserts that freedom of association remains a necessary aspect for workers’ rights. As such, the book has provided a necessary but still incomplete toolbox for robust labor law. It concludes by underscoring the need for labor-protective jurisprudence in developed and developing countries alike, and the relevance of Latin America for at least part of that task.
Psychoanalysis Discovers Film TheoryAnne Friedberg and Close Up
Authors: Blümlinger Christa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the contribution of Anne Friedberg to the rediscovery of the British journal Close Up, one of the first attempts to apply the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud to film theory. It explores the relationship of the Pool Group (Kenneth MacPherson, Winifred Bryher, and the poet H.D.), who edited the journal, to Freud’s ideas and to the literary and cinematic modernism of the 1920s, especially the German and Russian silent film traditions. The author presents the contribution of Anne Friedberg in introducing the psychoanalytic theorization of film in Close Up as a precursor to the later work of film scholar Christian Metz.
Windows on a Broken World
Authors: Owens Gwendolyn 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter treats the famous incident of December 1976 in which artist Gordon Matta-Clark employed a BB gun to shoot out the windows of the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies in New York City during the Idea as Model exhibition. Although his photographic piece Window Blow Out was to have been on display, the institute removed it after the shooting. The author analyzes the artist’s gesture as a political statement that reflects the complex relationship of Matta-Clark to architecture and urbanism. She suggests that it anticipates the turn in his career toward urban activism that was cut short by his untimely death.
The Family in Crime and Punishment
Authors: Fusso Susanne 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
It is well known that Dostoevsky was in part reacting to Nikolai Chernyshevsky’s theories, in particular his 1863 novel What Is to Be Done?, as he conceived Crime and Punishment. In her book Chernyshevsky and the Age of Realism: A Study in the Semiotics of Behavior (1988), Irina Paperno has shown that Chernyshevsky’s experiments with family structure are rooted in Hegelian theory as mediated by Russian thinkers in the 1840s. I examine Chernyshevsky’s novel as well as writings on the family and gender in Russian journalism of the early 1860s, especially Mikhail Larionovich Mikhailov’s articles and Apollinaria Prokofievna Suslova’s short stories in Dostoevsky’s journals Time and Epoch, to deepen our understanding of the family structures that appear in Crime and Punishment.
Franz Joseph Gall
Authors: Finger Stanley , Eling Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFranz Joseph Gall (1758–1828) viewed himself as a cutting-edge scientist, whose broad goals were to understand the mind and brain, and to be able to account for both group and individual behavioral traits in humans and animals. Starting in Vienna during the 1790s, he argued for many independent faculties of mind (e.g., music, calculation), ultimately settling on 27, with 8 being unique to humans. At the same time, he became the first person to provide evidence for cortical localization of function, the idea that the cerebral cortex is composed of specialized functional areas or organs, as he preferred to say. But although he utilized many acceptable methods in his multifaceted research program (e.g., dissections, studying people with brain damage, and observing behaviors over a lifetime), his doctrine was highly controversial from the start. For scientists and physicians, this was largely because he made cranioscopy his primary method, believing cranial bumps and depressions faithfully reflect the cortical organs and could be correlated with specific behaviors. In this book, Gall is shown to be a dedicated scientist with brilliant insights: a free-thinking naturalist of the mind and a visionary of the brain, yet a researcher with faults. Despite being frequently portrayed as a charlatan or comical figure, the authors also show how what others called his “phrenology” (a term he abhorred) helped shape the modern neurosciences and other disciplines. Maintaining that Gall’s impact deserves more recognition today, this book provides a fresh look at the man, his objectives, and his revolutionary doctrine.
Formative Years and Childhood Memories
Authors: Finger Stanley 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFranz Joseph Gall, who was born into a large family in the small German town of Tiefenbronn in 1758. Often called Joseph (not Franz) during his formative years, he enjoyed nature, especially watching and catching birds and wild animals, and also collecting specimens. He began his studies in the house of the brother of an uncle, a priest in the nearby town of Weil der Stadt, before moving on to a lyceum in Baden and then on to Bruchsal. Wanting a secular career, he enrolled in the University of Strasbourg in 1777, where he studied anatomy and medicine. He would later reflect that the good memorizers at Strasbourg and of his earlier years had a correlative physical feature: large, bulging eyes. But at the time, he seemed committed to time-honored theories of mind and brain. Completing his medical education in Vienna in 1785, he aspired to become a physician to the wealthy in the city.
An Emerging Theory
Authors: Finger Stanley 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGall built a successful practice after obtaining his medical degree in 1785. He lived in a fashionable part of Vienna and in 1790 married Katharina Leisler, who he knew from Strasbourg. He published his first book in 1791, a philosophical work on the mind and the art of healing, in which he dispensed with metaphysics and loosely presented some ideas (e.g., innate faculties, individual differences) but not others (e.g., localizing faculties) that he would develop in his later “organology.” Shortly after, he met a young musical prodigy named Bianchi, who was ordinary in other ways. Although this convinced him that music had to be an innate faculty of mind, he did not correlate this trait with a distinctive cranial bump at this time. Nonetheless, her case seemed to have reminded him of the good memorizers of his youth, who had bulging eyes, also leading him to his new theory of mind. By 1796, he was lecturing from his home about many independent faculties of mind, the parts of the brain associated with them, and skull markers as a means to correlate behavioral functions with underlying brain structures. Two years later, he published a letter to Joseph Friedrich Freiherr Retzer, the Viennese censor, laying out his doctrine and methods with humans and animals. In it, he presented himself as a physiognomist.
The Nature of Soul, or Is It Just Nature?
Authors: Finger Stanley 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGall wanted to develop a science based on what could be observed and felt—one devoid of metaphysics. Unlike Descartes, whose separation of the soul and the physical body was still very influential, especially among the faithful, he felt speculating about the soul was superfluous for understanding the mind and brain. He was a firm believer in the Great Chain of Being, and viewed humans not as having an “immaterial principle,” but instead as having a more highly developed brain than other animals. And rather than debating the unity of the soul or whether it is immortal, he chose to emphasize how specific behaviors could be affected by brain damage, maturation, cerebral atrophy, and the like. Gall’s faculties of mind helped humans and other animals survive and cope with everyday life, and he saw them as far more dependent on nature than on nurture. With this mindset, he felt able to account for both species differences and individual strengths and weaknesses. More than to anyone else, Gall was indebted to Prussian philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder for providing him with this philosophical orientation.
“Cranioscopy” in the British Press
Authors: Finger Stanley 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhat Gall proposed in Vienna, while traveling through various German cities, and after he arrived in France in 1807 was transmitted by word of mouth and by the press to other countries. In particular, his travels and doctrine were covered in British periodicals and books even before Spurzheim went to Britain in 1814. Some of these publications were translations from German and French articles, while others came directly from foreign correspondents. Further, some included commentary, whereas others did not. Those with opinions varied, with some authors coming out for or against the doctrine, while cooler heads called for more evidence and verification before it could be judged. The British press dutifully covered Gall and Spurzheim’s 1808 Mémoire to the Institut de France, and readers across the British Isles were treated to reviews of the first few volumes of their Anatomie et Physiologie du Système Nerveux, which first began to appear in 1810. Although Thomas Brown published a strongly worded attack against Gall, the British seemed to take what they read in stride. No societies were formed, no journals launched, and no leader rose up to champion the new science prior to Spurzheim’s visits.
Vertical interactions
Authors: Salmon Pierre 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers yardstick competition in the context of multilevel governmental systems. Vertical interactions then arising complicate in various ways the working of yardstick competition. The first section is about the effect of these interactions on horizontal yardstick competition that is, on yardstick competition among governments situated at the same tier. Interactions may also take the form of vertical competition among governments situated at different tiers. The second section considers different forms of vertical competition, with a special focus on the form proposed by Albert Breton, based on a particular interpretation of yardstick competition. The second section also includes a discussion of vertical competition in unitary types of intergovernmental relations—when governments at one tier are entitled to change the rules. The third section is about yardstick competition in the European Union setting.
Different Tracks
Authors: Beirens Maarten 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines various ways in which Steve Reich set out to shape overall structure in his first two sample-based compositions, Different Trains (1988) and The Cave (1993). Drawing from Reich’s composition sketches held at the Paul Sacher Stiftung (Steve Reich Collection) as well as from analytical observations, the chapter offers an account of several of the decisions involved in shaping the dramaturgical and harmonic structures of these works. The chapter devotes particular attention to a discussion of harmonic devices Reich uses to articulate structure, navigating between the restrictions imposed by the samples used on the one hand, and the unifying logic of a harmonic framework on the other—on both micro and macro levels.
From World War II to the “War on Terror”
Authors: Casey Celia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates aspects of the creative process behind Reich’s “docu-music” work, WTC 9/11 (2010), which constitutes the composer’s response to the terrorist attacks in the United States of America, specifically those in New York City, on September 11, 2001. Sketch materials, including recorded interviews, computer files, and handwritten sketches, belonging to the Steve Reich Collection at the Paul Sacher Stiftung in Basel, Switzerland, reveal how both documentary content and musical design have informed the work. Based on an analysis of these materials, three aspects relating to the creative process of WTC 9/11 are examined: the treatment of speech recordings; the direction of interviews; and structural and referential elements of the work. This chapter not only reveals insights into Reich’s compositional process and techniques but also uncovers other significant factors in the composer’s docu-music approach, such as how autobiographical elements inform his work.
The Evolutionary Studies Program
Authors: Wedberg Nicole , Betancourt Kian , Holler Richard H. , Rolón Vania 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Evolutionary Studies (EvoS) Seminar Series at New Paltz is accompanied by an exciting, interdisciplinary class (Evolutionary Studies 301 [Evolutionary Studies Seminar or Evolutionary Studies Capstone]). This class surrounds New Paltz’s award-winning EvoS Seminar Series, which includes speakers from a variety of intellectual backgrounds—all with a focus on the applications of evolutionary principles. In the delivery of the course, graduate student teaching assistants help guide undergraduate students along their intellectual journey. This chapter tells the story of EvoS at New Paltz from the perspective of these evolutionary docents. Recent graduates and teaching assistants provide a unique perspective on the program. The 2016 series is highlighted.
From Physical Culture to the Primal Life
Authors: Stapell Hamilton M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The evolutionary approach to health and disease is typically understood as a recent phenomenon, originating with Boyd Eaton in the 1980s. However, a similar movement swept the United States and Europe more than 100 years ago. Evidence from late 19th- and early 20th-century sources demonstrates the application of Darwinian theory to the health problems of the time. Fearing the deleterious effects of mass urbanization and industrialization, proponents of the physical culture movement offered many familiar “Paleo” recommendations such as the consumption of whole foods, periodic fasting, and drugless medical treatments. Similar to today, these early physical culturalists were often branded as “kooks” by the medical establishment and mainstream society. The central argument of this chapter is that physical culture movement of 100 years ago and the ancestral health movement of today are responses to rapid social, economic, and technological change, namely, to the Industrial Revolution and the Digital Revolution.
From Genetic Evolution to Engineering Optimization
Authors: Khalifa Yaser 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on one of the main members of the evolutionary algorithms class called genetic algorithms (GAs). GAs mimic the process of sexual reproduction and survival of the fittest in nature. The process begins by coding the design parameters into a chromosome-like structure to form an individual member. Next, a prespecified number of individual members are generated with different genetic contents to form a population. For each member of the population, a measure of its fitness or success is calculated. The members “most fit” in the population are then allowed to mate and reproduce, to have children. The children create a new and better generation of population, and the process repeats until an optimum solution or solutions are produced. This chapter illustrates how GAs are used to solve the following two problems: electronic circuit design problem and music composition.
The Statutorification of Common-Law Fields
Authors: White G. Edward 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the process, over an interval between the years after World War I and the 1960s, in which most of the fields considered “basic” common-law subjects in legal education and the legal profession were dramatically affected by statutory developments that sought to modify common-law rules and doctrines in the fields. By the 1960s the “statutorification” of torts, contracts, commercial law, and criminal law was partially in place, and new rules for federal civil procedure had been promulgated.
The Supreme Court in the Era of Bifurcated Review I
Authors: White G. Edward 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Volume 2 of this series devoted several chapters to the emergence of what it called “guardian review” on the Supreme Court, a posture in which justices acted as guardians of individual rights against restrictions by the state. This volume contains several chapters exploring the replacement of that posture with “bifurcated review,” featuring a deferential attitude toward some restriction of individual rights and aggressive scrutiny of others. This chapter describes the evolution from guardian to bifurcated review on the Court and matches it to changes in the Court’s internal decision-making protocols from the 1940s through to the 1970s.
Behind the Scenes
Authors: Davis Nancy E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 2 traces the Obears’ outbound journey to China on the ship Washington in the fall of 1833. The trade environment, as well as the Chinese restrictions on the presence of Western women in the treaty port of Guangzhou, are examined in light of Augusta Obear’s presence there. With speculation on Afong Moy’s origins, the chapter briefly reviews the lives of lower- and middle-class Chinese women to arrive at an assumption of who Afong Moy might have been and why she might have been allowed to leave China. The chapter concludes with an account of her travel across the oceans with the Obears and her October 1834 arrival in New York City.
Introduction
Authors: McMullen James 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The introduction describes the supreme position of Murasaki Shikibu’s The Tale of Genji in the Japanese literary and cultural tradition and the general character of the work as the story of Genji, the son of an emperor, and those around him. It addresses the role of philosophy in this extended and episodic narrative, maintaining that it rests on assumptions concerning human experience and its literary representation that can be explored in philosophical terms. It introduces what is known of the author and the creation of her work in the early-eleventh-century Heian period imperial court, together with the intellectual and religious traditions, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Shinto, that informed attitudes to life in the contemporary world.