bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
sami التربية الاجتماعية والرواسب الجاهلية
Authors: محمد سامي جبار 
Published: October 2019

ترتبط الشعوب بمختلف اديانها وقومياتها واجناسها بمجموعة من الشخصيات التي اثرت بهذه الشعوب بطريقة او بأخرى وبغض النظر عن الفترة التي عاشت فيها فقد احتفظت ذاكرة البلدان بذكريات غضة وترابط روحي ما بين الافراد وهؤلاء القادة او العلماء والامثلة كثيرة جداً وماثلة في ذاكرة المتلقي ولا تحتاج الى البحث او التقصي ،ومن هذه الشخصيات الاسلامية التي تركت ارثاً فكرياً كبيراً هو الإمام علي بن الحسن الملقب بالسجاد، ولمعرفة الاثار العلمية التي تركها الامام كان هذا البحث الذي لا يفي مع قلته بالإحاطة بجميع الاعمال التي قام بها ، الا ان ذلك لا يعني ان لا نقوم بتسليط الضوء على جوانب معينة من حياته ونترك للأخرين الخوض في ميادين اخرى لدراستها فكانت دراستنا (للتربية الاجتماعية والرواسب الجاهلية ) دراسة اجتماعية للمعالجات الاخلاقية في فكر الامام لهذه المشاكل التي عاصرت حياته والتي يمكن ان تكون مفتاحاً لحل العديد من المشكلات الاجتماعية التي نعيشها والمماثلة لتلك المشكلات كالعصبية والقبلية والثأر والعشرات من امثالها
وقد تناولت في المطلب الاول العناصر الرئيسية وهي مشكلة البحث والتساؤلات والاهمية والاهداف بالإضافة الى التعريف بالمفاهيم , اما المبحث الثاني فكان بعنوان التربية الاجتماعية والاخلاقية وتم مناقشة عدد من المواضيع فيه , التربية الاجتماعية قبل الاسلام ,والتربية الاجتماعية وفق التعاليم القرآنية وما حوتها من موضوعات كثيرة منها بحقوق الوالدين ,والتعامل مع الجار , والتعامل مع اصحاب المذاهب والملل ومع الاهل والجيرة والرفق بالحيوان .أما المبحث الثالث فقد ضم المشكلات الاجتماعية في زمن السجاد عليه السلام والتي تناولت جزءاً منها مثل التمايز الطبقي وتخلي السلطة عن دورها الابوي في رعاية مصالح الامة , والعنف السلطوي والفساد المالي .
اما المبحث الرابع فقد ضم وسائل الاصلاح الاجتماعي عند الامام السجاد عليه السلام وأهمها تحرير الانسان من الافكار الهدامة والعودة به الى طاعه الله سبحانه وتعالى وتعريفه بفساد الحكام وتثبيت دعائم ثورة الامام الحسين عليه السلام ضد الباطل , والتأكيد على الجوانب الاخلاقية ودورها في استقامة الحياة الاجتماعية للامة .وتحرير العبيد من الرق.
وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج التاريخي والمنهج الوصفي لكونهما الاكثر ملائمة مع طبيعة البحث , وتوصل الباحث الى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات أهمها :

ان القائد الناجح هو الذي يستطيع ان ينوع من الوسائل التي يستخدمها لأقناع الناس بالالتفاف على المبادئ التي جاء بها , وقد استطاع الامام السجاد عليه السلام من المحافظة على ما تبقى من القاعدة الشعبية الموالية لأهل البيت وتدعيمها من خلال من المئات من المسلمين الذين تم تحريرهم وعتقهم وتعليمهم ليكونوا دعاة صالحين في المجتمع .
الحفاظ على الخط الرسالي المتوافق مع المبادئ الاسلامية الاصيلة وتميزه عن الاسلامي الاموي القائم على سياسية الاذلال والطاعة العمياء والاستهانة بدماء المسلمين .

اما التوصيات التي خرج بها الباحث هي كالاتي :

أن العديد من الممارسات اللاأخلاقية عادت بقوة الى الحياة الاجتماعية واصبحت تشكل تهديداً حقيقياً للسلم المجتمعي , وعلى القائمين على ادارة الدولة ان ينتبهوا الى هذا الخطر ويجدوا الوسائل الكفيلة في الحد من هذا التدهور القيمي والاخلاقي.
قراءة تراث الائمة قراءة واعية بما يتلاءم مع حاجة العصر الذي نعيشه وبما يتلاءم من نمط التفكير السائد لدى الائمة .

الكلمات الافتتاحية ( التربية الاجتماعية ، الرواسب الجاهلية، المعالجات الاخلاقية)
الاداء التدريسي الممارس لمعلمي التربية الاسلامية في المرحلة الابتدائية وعلاقته بتحسين القدرة اللغوية لطلبتهم
Authors: زبار خالد طه 
Published: October 2019

م.م خالد طه زبار احد الكوادر التعليمية في مديرية تربية محافظة الانبار
07733721582
khaledalarabi1982@gmail.com
الحماية القانونية لحق العمل لذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة
Authors: حسين وليد كاظم 
Published: October 2019

ملخص
الحماية القانونية لحق العمل لذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة
أن حق العمل مكفول دوليا ومحليا ، ومن ضمن الفئات المشمولة بهذا الحق هم الأشخاص ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة ، التي تعتبر من الفئات الأكثر ضعفاً بين سكان الدولة، فقد تضمنت المواثيق الدولية وتشريعات معظم البلدان قواعد تتعلق بحماية وتعزيز حقوق وحريات هذه الفئة المستضعفة، وأن منع التمييز ضد الأشخاص ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة والقضاء عليه هو جزء من أهداف هذه المواثيق الدولية والقوانين الداخلية.
وبالتالي تكمن أهمية التنظيم القانوني لوضعهم في مجال العمل، وضرورة قيام الدولة بتأمين الضمانات الكافية لحصولهم على العمل، دون ان يكون تنفيذ الحق الدستوري في العمل لهذه الفئة أمرا صعباً.
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الرؤية الاخراجيّة للنص الشكسبيري في السينما (هاملت كينيث برانا) انموذجاً
Authors: زغير محمد حميد زغير حميد 
Published: October 2019

لقد اتخذ الباحث الرؤية الاخراجيّة النص الشكسبيري في السينما والخطاب السينمائي ومن بين الكم الهائل للرؤى والمعالجات الاخراجيّة وقع الاختيار على فيلم هاملت المخرج كينيث برانا إنموذجا انتاج لعام 1996 الذي اقبس عن مسرحية تحمل الاسم نفسه للكاتب الانكليزي (وليم شكسبير( كونها تعرضت لاكثر عدد من لمعالجات من بين النصوص الشكسبيرية في السينما، ولكن ما لفت نظر الباحث في ان المخرجين السينمائيين يختلفون في زاوية الرؤية حتى للنص الواحد، ومن هنا نجد ان مشكلة البحث هذا تأتي وفق التساؤل الاتي: كيف تتكون الرؤية الاخراجيّة النص الشكسبيري في السينما في ظل ما يتمتع به ذلك النص من مرونة وقابلية للتفسير اكثر من غيره؟
الفصل الاول: الإطار المنهجي: مشكلة البحث –أهداف البحث-حدود البحث-أهمية البحث-وتحديد المصطلحات.
الفصل الثاني: الإطار النظري: المبحث الاول: الرؤية الاخراجيّة في السينما.
المبحث الثاني: المعالجات السينمائية للنص الشكسبيري
الفصل الثالث الاطار الاجرائي ويشمل:-مجتمع البحث-تحليل العينات-منهج البحث ثم توصل الباحث الى عدد من النتائج والاستنتاجات:

الرؤية الاخراجيّة هي الصياغة الخاصة التي بواسطتها يجري تمثل معاني النص المسرحي بتحويلة الى عمل سينمائي بشكل جديداً ومبتكراً،بما يحيلها الى صور مرئية معبرة، ووهو ما تحقق في فيلم المخرج كينيث برانا هاملت.

2. شكل النص الشكسبيري بوصفه بنية دلالية غاية بالتعقيد والتركيب ومعيناً لاينضب للانتاج السينمائي المعاصر، لما يحويه من ثروة جمالية وفكرية، وتمسك ببناه الفكرية ومتغيراتها على كافة الاصعدة الاجتماعية والثقافية. الكلمات المفتاحية: الحسينية، معماري، تاريخ.
آرايه هاى بلاغى در شعر احمد شاملو
Authors: محمد م. نازک قاسم 
Published: October 2019

إن جزءاً من جمال وظرافة الشعر الفارسي قد تظهر في قوالب بلاغية متنوعة، ولهذا فان أغلبية الشعراء الكبار قد استفادوا من هذه الأساليب البلاغية المختلفة في أشعارهم لكي يجعلوها جذابة وممتعة. وحينما نتأمل في أشعار احمد شاملو الذي يعتبر من بين الشعراء البارزين في الأدب الفارسي الحديث، نجده قد سعى لبيان أفكاره وعقائده بمفاهيم رائعة تترسخ في أذهان القراء من خلال استخدامه القوالب البلاغية بأساليب مختلفة في أشعاره، على النحو الذي يستفاد منها بشكل واسع وبأفضل الطرق. لقد سعيت في هذا البحث لإظهار هذا القوالب البلاغية في أشعار شاملو، وهذه الاشعار تعبر عن الأوضاع السياسية والاجتماعية والثقافية غير المستقرة لزمن الشاعر الذي يرافقه الحزن والهم. فلم يشعر الشاعر ومن عاصره بالفرح يوما، لهذا استخدم في أشعاره عبارات كلها يأس وتعب وآلم من خلال أساليب بلاغية متنوعة.
Yabancılara Türkçe Öğretimine Yönelik Ders Kitaplarındaki Konuşma Etkinliklerinin Dil Öğrenme Stratejileri Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: HASIRCI Sevil 
Published: October 2019

ÖZ: Dil
öğrenicilerinin öğrenme stratejilerinin farkına varmasında derste kullanılan
araç-gereçlerin önemli bir yeri vardır. Ders kitaplarındaki stratejilere dönük
etkinlikler, öğrenicinin dil öğrenme sürecinde işlemlemesi ve durumlara uygun
strateji seçiminde belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada,
A2 düzeyine
dönük konuşma etkinliklerinde hangi dil öğrenme stratejilerinin işe koşulduğunu
belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Oxford’un sınıflandırmasından
yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada, doküman incelemesi yönteminden yararlanılmış ve A2
düzeyi ders kitabı konuşma etkinlikleri bellek, bilişsel, dengeleyici, üstbilişsel,
sosyal ve duyuşsal stratejilerin kullanımı açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırma
sonucunda ders kitaplarında stratejilerin dengesiz bir biçimde ele alındığı,
bilişsel stratejilerin baskın bir biçimde kullanılmasına karşın diğer
stratejilerin kullanım oranları yönünden farklılaşmalar olduğu görülmüştür. Duyuşsal
stratejilerin kullanımı açısından zayıf kalmakla birlikte her bir stratejinin
tüm yönlerinin karşılanmasına dönük etkinliklerin de yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Bu nedenle öğrenicilere strateji öğretimi açısından ders kitaplarındaki
etkinlikler ve görevlerin yeniden düzenlenmesine gereksinim duyulduğu
söylenebilir.

Anahtar sözcükler: yabancılara
Türkçe öğretimi, ders kitapları, dil öğrenme stratejileri, Oxford sınıflandırması.
Proyeksi Perkembangan Perkoperasian 2019
Authors: Hasyim Muhamad Ardi Nupi , Nugraha Heri , Setiajatnika Eka , Sumaryana Fitriana Dewi 
Published: October 2019

This article aims to determine the development of cooperatives in West Java at present, projections of the development of cooperatives in West Java in 2019 and the contribution of cooperatives to the economy of West Java. The research methods used are explanatory research, data collection conducted by surveys, interviews, observations, and FGD and using a simple regression analysis approach of secondary data sourced from BPS, Kemenkop , Dinas KUKM West Java province. The results of the study show that the condition of cooperatives in terms of quantity in West Java can now be said to deteriorate. Inactive cooperatives are far more than active cooperatives. Whereas in previous years, namely in 2015-2017 active cooperatives dominated more than inactive cooperatives and West Java cooperative contributions to state revenues were still relatively small.
EKSTRAKSI PEKTIN DARI KULIT BUAH PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca)
Authors: Farida Hanum  , Martha Angelina Tarigan  , Irza Menka Deviliany Kaban  
Published: October 2019

Pectin are polymer of D-galacturonic acid connected by β-1,4 glucosidic. Pectin are widely used in pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. This research was expected to took advantage of banana peels (Musa paradisiaca) by producing pectin. The research used an extraction method by using acid solvent in additional to ethanol to form the sediment of pectin and the last step is drying in order to get dry pectin. The fixed variables which were used in this research were 10 grams banana peels, 10% water content of sample, and chloride acid solvent. Extraction process was carried out by pH 1; 1,5; 2; extraction time of 70, 80, 90, 100 minute, and temperature of 80 oC, 90 oC. The results showed that the highest yield of pectin extraction was obtained at temperature of 80 oC, pH 1,5 during 80 minute with 11,88% water content, 0,98% ash content, and 3,72% the methoxyl content.
EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH HIJAU DAN MERAH SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN PADA MINYAK KELAPA
Authors: Hermiati  , Naomi Yemima Manalu  , Mersi Suriani Sinaga  
Published: October 2019

Extraction is the separation of a substance from the mixture, with the distribution of a solute between two solvents which can not be mixed to fetch solute from one solvent to another solvent. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity found in betel leaf extract for coconut oil numbers peroxide analysis, antioxidant resistance, with Lovibond color test and to found variations in betel leaf types that produce the optimum operating conditions of antioxidants. In this study, green and red betel leaves extracted by using ethanol solvent, the extract is added to coconut oil and then tested peroxide number and color levels. The results obtained in this study were able to lower the number of betel leaves peroxide by 55.13% with the best optimum condition; volume of 150 ml of solvent, extraction time of 75 minutes, and stirring speed of 300 rpm for the raw material powder of red betel leaf.
PEMBUATAN SELULOSA ASETAT DARI α -SELULOSA TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: M Roganda L Lumban Gaol  , Roganda Sitorus  , Yanthi S  , Indra Surya  , Renita Manurung  
Published: October 2019

Utilization of empty fruit bunches of oil palm in Indonesia is still very low, so it should be developed further. One of them by researching the manufacture of cellulose acetate from oil palm empty fruit bunches. The process used in this study is the cellanase with α-cellulose materials. Stages reaction is activation, acetylation, hydrolysis, neutralization and drying. Activation in thethree-neck flask with the addition of 50 ml of glacial acetic acid and stirredfor 3 hour,then added 15 ml of acetic acid anhydride as acetylation agent. Acetylation performed with the variation of time, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 hours. In the hydrolysis step, add 2 ml of water and5 ml of glacial acetic acid. The reaction lasted for 30 minutes, then added 1 g of sodium acetate for neutralization, neutralization lasts for 5 minutes. Then do the washing up to the smell of acetic acid is lost, and the last stage is the drying is done with a temperature below 50 oC. The resulting products are then analyzed the degree of substitution, melting point, and then carried out FTIR analysis. The results obtained when the optimum conditions for the acetylation reaction is 2.5 - 3 hours.
STUDI SOLIDIFIKASI POLIETERSULFON DALAM PELARUT N-METIL-2-PIRROLIDON DENGAN ADITIV POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE DAN 2-(METHACRYLOYLOXY) ETHYL PHOSPHORYL CHLOLINE
Authors: Nasrul Arahman  , Sri Aprilia  , Teuku Maimun  
Published: October 2019

In membrane preparation process via phase inversion method, the morphology of fabricated membranes are determined by composition and concentration of polymer, solvent, and non-solvent. The basic knowledge of the appropriate composition of those components are needed by cloud point experiment. In this work, the study on cloud point experiment have been done to investigate the solidification process of polymer system of polyethersulfone (PES) and 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphoryl chloline (MPC) in N-methyl-2-pirrolidon (NMP) via phase inversion technique. Hydrofilik polymer MPC were used as a membrane modifying agent (MMA) in order to modify the surface property of fabricated membrane. In sum, addition of PVP and MPC into polymer solution brought about reducing amount of non-solvent necessary to obtain the cloud point of solution.
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI TEPUNG AMPAS TEBU MELALUI PROSES HIDROLISIS TERMAL DAN FERMENTASI: PENGARUH PH, JENIS RAGI, DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI
Authors: Irvan  , Popphy Prawati  , Bambang Trisakti  
Published: October 2019

Bioethanol is ethanol, which made from starch, glucose, or cellulose of plants. In this research, it has been made from cellulose of sugarcane baggase. This research was conducted to study about the effect of pH, yeast type and the duration of fermentation to yield’s ethanol. The main processes in this research were thermal hydrolysis by liquid hot water (LHW) method, fermentation by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and purification by vacuum distillation. The variables in this research were pH 4; 4,5; and 5; baker’s yeast and fermented glutinous cassava; and the duration of fermentation were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. Based on the analysis of the yield, the volume of bioethanol is 23 mL with 0,95 g/ml density and 161,59 kkal/kg heat value as the best yield, under the condition of pH 5 and 4 days of the duration of fermentation using baker’s yeast.
PENGUJIAN KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKUATAN LENTUR KOMPOSIT HIBRID PLASTIK BEKAS KEMASAN GELAS JENIS POLIPROPILENA/ SERBUK KAYU KELAPA TERMODIFIKASI/SERBUK SERAT KACA TIPE E
Authors: Silvia  , Castiqliana  , Halimatuddahliana  
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of modified coconut wood flour and maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene addition in tensile strength and flexural strength of hybrid composite. Modification of coconut wood flour was also done to reduce the polarity. The hybrid composites were prepared by mixing method into an extruder. Glass Fiber Flour and maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene composition were made constant at 10 wt.% and 2 wt.% respectively and modified coconut wood flour composition was varied from 10 - 40 wt.%. Tensile test and flexural test were done. The results showed that addition of 20 wt.% modified coconut wood flour had given maximum tensile strength of 24,1 MPa and addition of 30 wt.% modified coconut wood flour had given maximum flexural strength of 31,2 MPa also inclination of both tensile and flexural strength of hybrid composite using maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene.
PENGARUH BERAT PATI DAN VOLUME PLASTICIZER GLISEROL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FILM BIOPLASTIK PATI KENTANG
Authors: Afiifah Radhiyatullah  , Novita Indriani  , M. Hendra S. Ginting  
Published: October 2019

Bioplastics are plastics which can be degraded by microorganisms and is made from renewable materials. Plastic film is made from potato starch (contain of starch that founded in potatoes is 22-28%), glycerol as a plasticizer and acetic acid as a catalyst. The purpose of this reasearch is to determine glycerol variation and starch weight effect on the characteristics of potato starch plastic films. Manufacture of plastic films use blending starch method with potato starch weight variations (10 g, 15 g and 20 g) and glycerol volume variations (0 ml, 1 ml, 2 ml and 3 ml). Bioplastic analysis are FTIR test, tensile strength that is supported by SEM analysis. The results obtained in the FTIR analysis does not form a new cluster on potato starch plastic film, neither on the plastic film with or without glycerol. FTIR results obtained in two plastic film are the change of OH, C = C, and CH groups strain. The strain value of OH group on potato starch is 3579.88 cm-1 turned into 2978.09 cm-1 for plastic film without glycerol while the plastic film with glycerol to be 3541.31 cm -1 and 2970.38 cm-1. C = C group is 1635.64 cm-1turned to 1697.36 cm -1 and 1697.36 cm -1. As for CH group is 2873.79 cm -1 turned to 2877.79 cm -1 and 2870.08 cm -1. And tensile strength of plastic film decreased with increasing glycerol volume. Maximum tensile strength of plastic film occurs when potato starch weight is 10 g and glycerol volume is 0 ml is 9.397 MPa. While SEM results obtained confirm on tensile strength plastic film, where there are voids, indentations and insoluble starch clump starch that can affect the value of tensile strength plastic film.
PENGARUH TINGGI TUMPUKAN PADA PENGOMPOSAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN PUPUK ORGANIK AKTIF DARI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DI DALAM KOMPOSTER MENARA DRUM
Authors: Chamsa Triyadi  , Yosi Rahman  , Bambang Trisakti  
Published: October 2019

This research aims to determine the composting technique for Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and to collect the degration data during composting of EFB in order to get a high quality compost. The composting process was started with cutting the EFB into four parts before it was put into composter and then followed by the addition of Activated Liquid Organic Fertilizer (ALOF) until the optimum moisture content (MC) of 55-65 % was reached. The parameters of temperature, MC, pH, C/N ratio, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Water Holding Capacity (WHC), Bacterial Count (BC) and the quality of compost were analyzed through the process. The results of this research showed that the compost were well done in about 10 days and the best degradation during the 40 days of composting was obtained in which value of MC, pH, C, N, C/N ratio, EC, WHC and BC were 79,14%; 8,1; 25,16%;1,20%; 20,97; 4,725 dS/m; 60% and 107 CFU/ml, respectively.
PEMBUATAN PEKTIN DARI KULIT MARKISA KUNING (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) YANG DIMODIFIKASI
Authors: Riyan Riski Sarandi  , Yusro Alhusna  , Setiaty Pandia  
Published: October 2019

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) peel, a waste from yellow passion fruit industry could be utilized to extract pectin. The objectives of this study were to extract and modify yellow passion fruit pectin from HMP (High Metoxyl Pectin) to LMP (Low Metoxyl Pectin) and compare characteristic both of them. This research was conducted in pectin extraction and then modify pH of pectin used natrium hydroxide and chloric acid. The result of this research showed that modified pectin succeded to decrease degree of esterification from HMP to become LMP. Modified pectin had a brighter color or not too browny and no aroma. Function group analysis showed that shift in peaks in FTIR confimed a decrease of number methylated –COOH group. The resulting pectins also gelled by charge compensation with acid. It was found a new function group in modified pectin, which was of C=C (aromatic) group. The yield of pectin by extracting was 2,54 % and yiled of pectin after modifying was 94,73 %.
PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG BUAH KARET (Hevea brasilliensis) DENGAN AKTIVATOR H3PO4 DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PENJERAP Cr(VI)
Authors: Muhammad Zulfadhli  , Iriany  
Published: October 2019

Activated carbon from lignocellulosic materials are renewable, abundant, and inexpesive. Rubber shell activated carbon that activated chemicaly has abilty to adsorp heavy metal. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of phosphoric acid concentration toward characteristics of rubber shell activated carbon, and its ability to adsorp Cr(VI). The materials used in this research are rubber shell, aquadest, and Cr(VI) solution. This research was started by impregnating rubber shell with phosphoric acid at 20%, 40% and 60% for 1 hour and then sample was carbonizated in furnace at 500oC for 1 hour. After that, activated carbon was applied to adsorp Cr(VI). The characteristic of surface area of rubber shell activated carbon are measured by BET method. Furthermore, the residual concentration of Cr(VI) was measured with Atomic Adsortion Spectrophotometer. The result shows that characteristics of rubber shell activated carbon such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter have fulfilled National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) except ash content of activated carbon that activated by 20% phosphoric acid. Surface area of activated carbon has fulfilled the standard of commercial adsorbent. The largest adsorption capasity is obtained using Rubber shell activated carbon that activated by 40% phosphoric acid with adsorption percentage 96,67%.
OPTIMASI SINTESIS ASAM AZELAT DARI ASAM OLEAT DAN HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ASAM TUNGSTAT
Authors: Zuhrina Masyithah  , Maria Paula Sihombing  , Lawrena Valentine Br. Tohang  
Published: October 2019

Azealic acid is an oleochemical product which is an output from oleic acid with oxidation cleavage process and commonly its aplication in polymer industry such as nylon production, plastic industry, glue industry and also as fiber in polyester industry. The purpose of this research is to obtain comparison design and analysis of variance in two method of synthesis azelaic acid namely one step and two steps oxidation. The result design reviewed by Response Surface Methodology using Minitab 17 trial version program with percent mass of the catalyst variable, molar ratio of the substrate variable and temperature variable. Based on the statistic analysis the percentage conversion (Y)in one step Y : 97,99 + 3,907X1 + 3,651X2 – 4,556X3 – 1,467X12 – 4,299X22 – 4,453X32 + 0,57X1X2 + 0,63X1X3 + 1,37X2X3 and for two steps Y : 98,505 + 6,164X2 + 2,164X3-7,83X22-5,18X32. The design has R2 = 92,80 % for one step and 89,95 % in two steps.
STUDI PENGOLAHAN AIR BUANGAN DOMESTIK MENGGUNAKAN DIGESTER ANAEROBIK SATU TAHAP DAN DUA TAHAP
Authors: Tamaria Kesia Hutasoit  , Halimatuddahliana  , Amir Husin  
Published: October 2019

This research provides an analyzed performance of one and two-stage anaerobic digestion processes. One-stage and two-stage analyzed, individual, from substrate degradation, microbiological, metabolite and biogas production. First, the research initiated by acclimatization in a neutral condition and acid condition. Both one (R1) and two-stage (R2) digesters filled up with domestic wastewater. Into the digesters, it added cow dung as inoculums. pH in R1 maintained at pH 7 for 40 days and pH 5.5 in two-stage anaerobic: first stage (R2-1) for two days. After that, the mixture added with inoculums and then adjusted at pH 7 for the second stage (R2-2) for 38 days. The results showed that the substrate removal efficiency of two-phase is higher one-phase. The highest metabolite production obtained at R2-1: the 2nd day.