bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtype and Racial Erythema Variation for Cutaneous Lupus Trials
Authors: Xie Lillian , Faden Daniella Forman , Stone Caroline J. , Lopes Almeida Gomes Lais , Feng Rui , Werth Victoria P. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceRegulatory guidance and standardization of disease outcome measures are essential to improve cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) trial design and enhance the diversity of trial participants.ObjectiveTo assess variability in erythema presentation across CLE subtypes and among race and ethnicity groups to determine whether these potential differences affect patient eligibility for erythema trials.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included 377 patients with CLE enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Database from January 2007 to December 2023. Data analyses were performed from December 2023 to February 2024.ExposureRace and CLE subtype.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMean erythema calculated per the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI)−Activity total score divided by areas affected; then, the result was categorized as pink (1.00-1.49) or red (≥1.50) as surrogate estimates of scores per the Cutaneous Lupus Activity Investigator Global Assessment (CLA-IGA).ResultsThe total study cohort included 377 adult patients with CLE (mean [SD; range] age, 45.2 [14.8; 18.4-88.8] years; 305 females [80.9%] and 72 males [19.1%]; 115 Black [30.5%], 228 White [60.5%], 34 patients of other races [9.0%; Asian, multiple races, Native American/Pacific Islander, or unknown], and 11 of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity [2.9%]). The most common CLE subtype was chronic CLE (CCLE), affecting 243 patients (64.5%), followed by subacute CLE (SCLE) in 103 patients (27.3%) and acute CLE (ACLE) in 31 patients (8.2%). Significant differences were observed in average erythema across subtypes, with mean (SD) SCLE of 1.62 (0.39) and hypertrophic CCLE of 1.78 (0.25) as the only subtypes routinely classified as red. Significant differences were also observed by race and ethnicity: mean (SD) erythema score in White patients was red (1.58 [0.45]) more frequently than in Black patients (1.36 [0.40]) and patients of other races (1.30 [0.39]), in whom, on average, it was scored as pink. Importantly, among patients who would meet typical CLASI entry criteria (score ≥8) for clinical trials, erythema in more Black patients than in White patients was classified as pink (42% [96 patients] vs 24% [28 patients]), which suggests exclusion from trial participation when a baseline of red lesions is required.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that using average erythema scores per the CLA-IGA scale imposes substantial limitations on trial eligibility, specifically by race and subtype. Given the critical need to standardize CLE trial outcome measures and increase diverse representation in clinical trials, our findings support the use of the CLASI as the primary scoring tool to determine erythema trial eligibility.
Capturing the Full Range of Buprenorphine Treatment Response
Authors: Bailey Allen J. , Votaw Victoria R. , Weiss Roger D. , McHugh R. Kathryn 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceReliance on abstinence-based treatment success rules may fail to capture the full continuum of treatment response to buprenorphine plus medical counseling (BUP+MC) for opioid use disorder (OUD).ObjectiveTo describe patterns of reduction in illicit opioid use of patients both labeled as a success and nonsuccess based on an abstinent-based treatment outcome rule.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study is a secondary data analysis of 4 harmonized randomized clinical trials on BUP+MC for OUD from multiple sites that included 869 patients with OUD. These data were analyzed on April 23, 2024. By week 12, 643 participants of the sample original remained (74%).InterventionAll studies included patients randomized to BUP+MC or BUP plus enhanced MC (eg, delivered with adjunctive cognitive behavioral therapy).Main Outcomes and MeasuresWeekly self-reported days of illicit opioid use through 12 weeks of treatment. Abstinence was confirmed by urine drug screen.ResultsThis study included 869 adults with OUD aged 18 to 69 (mean, 34.2 [SD, 10.45]) years; 287 patients were female (33%), 52 identified as Black (6%), 70 identified Hispanic (8%), 713 identified as White (82%), and 34 identified as other racial groups (4%). Only 377 patients (43%) would have been labeled a success using an abstinence-based success rule. However, the total sample reported a decrease from a mean baseline rate of illicit opioid use nearly every day (6.21 [SD, 1.50] days per week) to a mean of less than 1 day per week at week 12 (0.54 [SD, 1.28]). Importantly, even those who were labeled as nonsuccessful reported a substantial reduction in opioid use from a mean of 6.29 (SD, 1.42) days per week to 1.51 (SD, 1.76) days per week.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this study, about half of patients receiving BUP+MC achieved near complete abstinence; however, many more experienced a partial treatment response characterized by a substantial reduction in illicit opioid use that falls short of abstinence. Future studies are needed to characterize how these reductions are associated with functional and long-term outcomes. Dissemination of BUP+MC as part of standard buprenorphine prescribing practices is an essential next step given the robust average response of this intervention.
The Future of Nanomaterials Tackling the Challenge of Delivering Nucleic Acids to the Retina
Authors: Hurst José , Adams Friederike , Schnichels Sven 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOcular gene therapy targets eye diseases at the genetic level. Systemic transport of nucleic acids to ocular tissues poses a significant challenge, as the effectiveness of crossing the blood‐retina barrier limits nucleic acid penetration. Therefore, local administration, such as topical, periocular, or intraocular, can improve the outcome of in vivo gene therapy by bypassing the first‐pass effect and minimizing the systemic toxic effects. The eye is an immune‐privileged organ with limited local immune response, making it an ideal candidate for local gene therapy. Ocular gene therapy offers a promising solution for the treatment of a wide range of retinal diseases including age‐related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, and Leber congenital amaurosis. Gene therapy enables replacement of mutated genes essential for visual function, delivery of genes expressing neurotrophic factors and anti‐apoptosis factors for retinal degeneration, and delivery of genes expressing anti‐angiogenic proteins for ocular neovascularization. This perspective discusses the potential of nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery to the retina, explores challenges, and evaluates different delivery methods, including non‐viral agents such as liposomes and polymers. These nonviral agents present advantages over traditional viral vectors, showing promise in overcoming limitations and offering a viable option for retinal gene therapy.
Improved Anchoring of Self‐Assembled Monolayer on Hydroxylated NiOx Film Surface for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: He Jinxing , Li Guanlin , Huang Guogen , Luo Zhiyang , Zhang Bingliang , Zhou Hang , Meng Aiyun , Li Shunpu , You Peng , Hu Yunfei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) have significantly improved the device performance of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the inadequate chemical bonding affinity between SAMs and the substrate as well as the uneven SAM distribution can lead to the decrease in device performance. Herein, the study reports a bilayer NiOx hole transport layer (HTL), consisting of ultrathin NiOx buffer film prepared through atomic layer deposition (ALD‐NiOx) and spin‐coated NiOx film (Spin‐NiOx). The work function difference between the two NiOx films will facilitate the hole transfer from the ALD‐NiOx to the Spin‐NiOx in the ALD‐NiOx/Spin‐NiOx bilayer structure. These holes will undergo surface hydroxylation reactions with water molecules on the Spin‐NiOx film surface, generating additional hydroxyl groups covalently bonded to the Spin‐NiOx film, which can provide more anchoring sites for SAM molecules. Stable covalent bonds can be formed between the Spin‐NiOx film and the subsequently coated SAM film. As a result, SAM films with better coverage and molecular arrangement can be obtained. The ALD‐NiOx/Spin‐NiOx/SAM composite HTL also demonstrates superior charge transport capability and thermal stability. For small area PSCs (0.06 cm2) prepared by using the composite HTL, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.25% is achieved, and the device stabilities are also significantly improved.
Sulfur Vacancy‐Rich MoS2 Flower‐Like Microsphere with Synchronously Tunable Electromagnetic and Chemical Effects for Boosting Semiconductor SERS
Authors: Jiang Xin , Wang Rui , Tang Yimin , Di Weijie , Wang Wenxue , Zhao Bing , Yang Libin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCombined contribution of electromagnetic and chemical effects and their synchronous tuning are an effective strategy for constructing semiconductor surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with ultra‐high sensitivity. In this work, a sulfur vacancy‐rich MoS2 flower‐like microsphere is successfully prepared for the first time through the combination of morphology regulation and defect engineering strategies, achieving a synchronous contribution of electromagnetic and chemical effects to SERS enhancement. SERS enhancement factor is as high as 2.54 × 108, which represents the highest sensitivity among the currently reported semiconductor SERS‐active substrates. The theoretical calculations and experiments elucidate the observed enhancement activity and the synchronous enhancement mechanism of electromagnetic and chemical effects. The unique flower‐like structures of MoS2 can induce Mie resonance by multiple reflection and scattering of incident light in the cavity structure, which realizes a strong electromagnetic enhancement effect. Meanwhile, a high‐efficient carrier separation in substrate and a multiple‐channel charge transfer mode between substrate and analyte can be achieved by means of abundant surface sulfur‐vacancy defects, which provide a strong chemical enhancement effect for target analyte. This work opens up a new idea and perspective for constructing supersensitive semiconductor SERS sensors, ultimately advancing practical application of semiconductor SERS technology.
A Local‐Dissociation Solid‐State Polymer Electrolyte with Enhanced Li+ Transport for High‐Performance Dual‐Band Electrochromic Smart Windows
Authors: Li Run , Lan Fan , Tang Lian , Huang Ya , Zhao Siming , Wang Baoshun , Han Ying , Gao Di , Jiang Qinyuan , Zhao Yanlong , Zhao Zhuojing , Wang Fei , Zhang Rufan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWindows through heat exchange play a vital role in energy saving for realizing a net‐zero carbon emission society. Dual‐band electrochromic (EC) smart windows by dynamically regulate visible (VIS) and near‐infrared (NIR) light are necessary for improving both building energy efficiency and habitant comfort. However, the rational design of high‐performance electrochromic devices (ECDs) suffers sluggish EC response due to the slow ion transport. In this work, a locally dissociated Li+ concept is proposed to construct a solid‐state polymer electrolyte (SPE) with ultrafast Li+ transport. The succinonitrile (SN) is employed to loosen the Li+‐anion pair and the crystallographic C─O chain in the poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) electrolyte by its strong solvation capability. The as‐prepared SPE shows a high ionic conductivity of 6.48 mS cm−1 at 30 °C and a high transmittance of >90%. The SPE‐based EC smart windows exhibited a fast switching speed (3.0/3.2 s for coloration/bleaching), a high coloration efficiency (CE) of 373.8 cm2 C−1, and a high optical modulation in the full solar spectrum (85%, 70%, 43% at 673, 1200, and 1600 nm, respectively). Finally, the SPE‐based EC smart windows shows three working modes with a temperature regulation range of 19.1 °C, exhibiting great potential in practical application.
A Collaboration of Interfacial Engineering and Particle Assembly Enables Highly Stable Li‐Rich Layered Cathodes for Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yan , Yin Yun‐Chao , Shu Wei , Xian Linjie , Zhang Qian , Chen Guanjun , Zeng Chunlin , Zeng Weihao , Ao Weiqin , Yang Jinlong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLithium‐rich layered oxide cathodes (LLO) are renowned for their high specific capacity (>250 mAh g−¹) and have emerged as promising candidates for lithium‐ion batteries. However, significant capacity fades and voltage decay pose challenges to their commercialization, primarily due to the degradation of their original structure. In this study, a simple and rapid approach is presented that combines interfacial engineering and particle assembly to achieve a highly stable LLO cathode. This cathode features a single‐crystal LLO reassembled into a porous microsphere structure, along with a surface coating of polypropylene phosphate amide (PPA) formed through in situ cross‐linking of polyacrylic acid and ammonium polyphosphate, and a deuterogenic spinel interface layer. The dual protective coatings‐PPA and spinel‐effectively inhibit the dissolution of transition metals, delay structural deterioration, and enhance lithium‐ion diffusion. Additionally, the cross‐linked PPA layer strengthens the interconnection among LLO nanoparticles, improving the stability of the assembled microsphere structures while mitigating electrolyte corrosion. Consequently, the LLO@PPA electrode exhibits excellent capacity retention of 84.87% over 500 cycles at 0.5 C and shows significant improvements in rate performance. This work offers an effective modification strategy for developing next‐generation lithium‐rich cathodes with enhanced rate capacity and cycle life.
Synergistic Degradation of Durable Polymer Networks by Light and Acid Enabled by Pyrenylsilicon Crosslinks
Authors: Kawano Yutaro , Masai Hiroshi , Tsubokawa Takuya , Yokogawa Daisuke , Iwai Tomohiro , Terao Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMaterial photocontrol has gained importance in process engineering and biomedical applications. However, highly photoreactive materials are intrinsically unstable to light, which limits their continuous use in lit environments owing to their gradual deterioration. Herein, synergistically photocontrollable materials in the presence of acid are developed to overcome the conventional trade‐off between their photoreactivity and photostability. Pyrenylsilicon derivatives are designed as synergistically cleavable moieties on C–Si bonds under simultaneous treatment with light and acid through photoinduced dearomatization and protonation to generate the Wheland intermediate, whereas the derivatives are highly stable to light or acid alone. The unique reactivity of pyrenylsilicon derivatives is applied to various polymer network crosslinkers, enabling synergistic control and degradation of materials with light and acids. Because of their high photostability in the absence of acids, these materials can be utilized as optical materials, robust elastomers, and 3D photoprinted gels.
High Efficiency (>10%) AgBiS2 Colloidal Nanocrystal Solar Cells with Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Polymer Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Lee Jihyung , Sun Cheng , Park Junho , Kim Changjo , Lee Seungbok , Lee Dongchan , Lee Min‐Ho , Kim Byeongsu , Kim Yun Hoo , Kim Junho , Lee Seungjae , Jeong Seonju , Ying Wu Bin , Song Xuyao , Cho Shinuk , Rotermund Fabian , Kim Yun‐Hi , Lee Jung‐Yong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSilver bismuth disulfide (AgBiS2) colloidal nanocrystals (CNCs) have emerged as ecofriendly photoactive materials with excellent photoconductivity and high absorption coefficients, in compliance with the restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) guidelines. To maximize the theoretical potential of AgBiS2 CNC solar cells, a new diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based polymer, BD2FCT, optimized as a hole transport layer (HTL), is developed. This asymmetric thiophene‐rich polymer HTL effectively complements the optical absorption spectrum of CNCs and forms a homogeneous layer atop the CNCs, facilitating favorable vertical charge transfer through intrinsic molecular packing. Furthermore, the BD2FCT HTL aligns energetically with AgBiS2, significantly reducing charge recombination at the CNC/HTL interfaces and enhancing charge extraction and photocurrent generation across the entire optical absorption spectrum. These characteristics are further optimized through precise molecular engineering. Additionally, a low‐bandgap acceptor, IEICO‐4F, is structurally incorporated with the BD2FCT polymer to further improve charge funneling and complementary absorption. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals enhanced hole transfer from CNC to BD2FCT‐29DPP:IEICO‐4F, resulting in reduced charge recombination and efficient charge extraction. Consequently, a BD2FCT‐based AgBiS2 CNC solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.1%, demonstrating significant improvements in short‐circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF).
In‐Plane Adaptive Heteroepitaxy of 2D Cesium Bismuth Halides with Engineered Bandgaps on c‐Sapphire
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Ju Wei , Fang Yongzheng , Sun Dingyue , Zheng Xiaohong , Hou Jingshan , Dai Ning , Zhang Kenan , Shan Yufeng , Liu Yufeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe heteroepitaxy of 2D materials with engineered bandgaps are crucial to broaden the spectral response for their integrated optoelectronic devices. However, it is a challenge to achieve the high‐oriented epitaxy and integration of multicomponent 2D materials with varying lattice constants on the same substrate due to the limitation of lattice matching. Here, in‐plane adaptive heteroepitaxy of a series of high‐oriented 2D cesium bismuth halide (Cs3Bi2X9, X = I, Br, Cl) single crystals with varying lattice constants from 8.41 to 7.71 Å is achieved on c‐plane sapphire with distinct lattice constant of 4.76 Å at a low temperature of 160 °C in an air ambient, benefiting from tolerable interfacial strain by switching compressive stress to tensile stress during a 30° rotation of crystal orientation. First‐principles calculation demonstrates that those are all thermodynamically stable phases, deriving from multiple minima of interfacial energy between single crystals and sapphire substrate. The detectivity of Cs3Bi2I9 photodetector reaches up to 3.7 × 1012 Jones, deriving from high single‐crystal quality. This work provides a promising experimental strategy and basic theory to boost the heteroepitaxy and integration of 2D single crystals with varying lattice constants on low‐cost dielectric substrate, paving the way for their applications in integrated optoelectronics.
Asymmetric Structural MXene/PBO Aerogels for High‐Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with Ultra‐Low Reflection
Authors: Liu An , Qiu Hua , Lu Xinghan , Guo Hua , Hu Jinwen , Liang Chaobo , He Mukun , Yu Ze , Zhang Yali , Kong Jie , Gu Junwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with low electromagnetic (EM) waves reflection characteristics are ideal materials for blocking EM radiation and pollution. Materials with low reflectivity must be constructed using materials with excellent EM waves absorption properties. However, materials simultaneously possessing both low reflectivity and excellent EMI shielding performance remain scarce, consequently, multilayer structures need to be developed. Poly(p‐phenylene–2,6–benzobisoxazole) nanofibers (PNF) are prepared by deprotonation. PNF are combined with MXene and heterostructure MXene@Ni prepared by in‐situ growth; MXene@Ni/PNF acts as an EM absorption layer while MXene/PNF acts as an EM reflective layer. Finally, (MXene@Ni/PNF)–(MXene/PNF) aerogels are prepared by layer‐by‐layer freeze‐drying based on the layered modular design concept. Experimental characterizations revealed that (MXene@Ni/PNF)–(MXene/PNF) aerogels enable the efficient absorption‐reflection‐reabsorption of EM waves, effectively eliminating EMI. When the mass ratio of MXene to Ni in MXene@Ni is 1:6 and the mass fraction of MXene in the reflective layer is 80 wt.%, the (MXene@Ni/PNF)–(MXene/PNF) aerogels exhibit excellent EMI shielding performance (71 dB) and a very low reflection coefficient (R = 0.10). Finite element simulations verified that the developed asymmetric structural aerogels achieve high EMI shielding performance with low reflection characteristics. In addition, (MXene@Ni/PNF)–(MXene/PNF) aerogels display excellent infrared camouflage ability.
Interfacial Metal‐Solvent Chelation for Direct Regeneration of LiFePO4 Cathode Black Mass
Authors: Li Junfeng , Shi Ruyu , Wang Junxiong , Cao Yang , Ji Haocheng , Tang Jie , Ji Guanjun , Chen Wen , Zhang Mengtian , Xiao Xiao , Zhou Guangmin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDirect regeneration of spent lithium‐ion batteries presents a promising approach to effectively reuse valuable resources and benefit the environment. Unlike controlled laboratory conditions that commonly facilitate impurity purification and minimize structural damage, the LiFePO4 cathode black mass faces significant interfacial challenges, including structure deterioration, cathode‐electrolyte interphase residues, and damage from storage procedures, which hinder lithium replenishment and structure regeneration. Here, a metal‐solvent chelation reaction using a lithium acetylacetonate solution is introduced to address these challenges under ambient conditions. This method regulates the near‐surface structure through strong chelation between Acac‒ anions and Fe (III) elements, thus effectively eliminating the degraded amorphous phase and residual fluorine compounds. By direct lithium connection and reducing diffusion barriers, the reconstructed surface facilitates the re‐lithiation process. The regenerated LiFePO4 cathodes demonstrate a capacity retention of 88.5% after 400 cycles at 1 C, while also outperforming traditional recycling methods in terms of environmental and economic benefits. This approach provides a promising solution for regenerating degraded LiFePO4 cathodes from actual dismantled black mass, thereby accelerating the practical application of battery recycling.
Modulation in Spin State of Co3O4 Decorated Fe Single Atom Enables a Superior Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Battery Performance
Authors: Xie Yuhua , Feng Yumei , Zhu Shiao , Yu Yingjie , Bao Haifeng , Liu Qingting , Luo Fang , Yang Zehui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the keystone for the industrialization of rechargeable zinc‐air battery (ZAB). In this work, the modulation in the spin state of Fe single atom on nitrogen doped carbon (Fe1‐NC) is devised by Co3O4 (Co3O4@Fe1‐NC), and a mediate spin state is recorded. Besides, the d band center of Fe is downshifted associated with the increment in eg filling revealing the weakened interaction with OH* moiety, resulting in a boosted ORR performance. The ORR kinetic current density of Co3O4@Fe1‐NC is 2.0‐ and 5.6 times higher than Fe1‐NC and commercial Pt/C, respectively. Moreover, high spin state is found for Co in Co3O4@Fe1‐NC contributing to the accelerated surface reconstruction of Co3O4 witnessed by operando Raman and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies. A robust OER activity with overpotential of 352 mV at 50 mA cm−2 is achieved, decreased by 18 and 60 mV by comparison with Co3O4@NC and IrO2. The operando Raman reveals a balanced adsorption of OH* species and its deprotonation leading to robust stability. The ZAB performance of Co3O4@Fe1‐NC is 193.2 mW cm−2 and maintains for 200 h. Furthermore, the all‐solid‐state ZAB shows a promising battery performance of 163.1 mW cm−2.