bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing River Ice Seasonality and Impacts on Interior Alaskan Communities
Authors: Brown Dana R. N. , Brinkman Todd J. , Verbyla David L. , Brown Caroline L. , Cold Helen S. , Hollingsworth Teresa N. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Subsistence harvesters in high latitudes rely on frozen rivers for winter access to local resources. During recent decades, interior Alaskan residents have observed changes in river ice regimes that are significant hindrances to travel and subsistence practices. We used remote sensing in combination with local observations to examine changes in seasonality of river breakup and freeze-up and to assess the implications on travel for subsistence harvesters. Spring and autumn air temperatures, respectively, were found to impact timing of breakup (−2.0 days °C−1) and freeze-up (+2.0 days °C−1). Spring air temperatures have increased by 0.2°–0.6°C decade−1 over the last 62–93 years, depending on study area and time period. Local observations indicate that the breakup season has advanced by about 6 days over the last century. Autumn air temperatures have not changed over the long term, but have been generally warmer over the last 15 years. Over various time periods throughout the last century, we found no change in freeze-up timing for some communities, whereas other communities showed delays of 1.0–2.1 days decade−1. The length of time the river was unsafe for travel during the freeze-up season was 2 to 3 times greater than during breakup. The duration of river ice cover for safe travel has declined over the last century and is expected to decline further as the climate continues to warm, thereby presenting new challenges to accessing subsistence resources and necessitating community adaptation.
Intravenous vitamin C in the treatment of allergies: an interim subgroup analysis of a long-term observational study
Authors: Vollbracht Claudia , Raithel Martin , Krick Bianka , Kraft Karin , Hagel Alexander F. 
Published: June 2018

Objective Oxidative stress appears to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and a potential therapeutic target in allergy treatment. Allergic diseases are reportedly associated with reduced plasma levels of ascorbate, which is a key physiological antioxidant. Ascorbate prevents excessive inflammation without reducing the defensive capacity of the immune system. Methods An interim analysis of a multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted to investigate the change in disease-specific and nonspecific symptoms (fatigue, sleep disorders, depression, and lack of mental concentration) during adjuvant treatment with intravenous vitamin C (Pascorbin®; Pascoe, Giessen, Germany) in 71 patients with allergy-related respiratory or cutaneous indications. Results Between the start and end of treatment, the mean sum score of three disease-specific symptoms decreased significantly by 4.71 points and that of four nonspecific symptoms decreased significantly by 4.84 points. More than 50% of patients took no other allergy-related medication besides vitamin C. Conclusions Our observations suggest that treatment with intravenous high-dose vitamin C reduces allergy-related symptoms. Our observations form a basis for planning a randomized controlled clinical trial to obtain more definitive evidence of the clinical relevance of our findings. We also obtained evidence of ascorbate deficiency in allergy-related diseases. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT02422901.
Cigarette smoking and risk of celiac disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Lou Susan , Panjawatanan Panadeekarn , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Pungpapong Surakit , Lukens Frank J. , Ungprasert Patompong 
Published: June 2018

Background/ObjectivesA negative association between cigarette smoking and celiac disease has been observed but results were inconsistent across the published studies. A meta‐analysis was conducted with the aim to identify all studies that investigated this association and to summarize the results of those studies.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing MEDLINE and Embase databases through March 2018 to identify all cohort studies and case‐control studies that compared the risk of celiac disease among current and/or former smokers versus never‐smokers. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined together using the random‐effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsA total of seven studies with 307,924 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled analysis found a significantly decreased risk of celiac disease among current smokers compared with never‐smokers with the pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.32–0.84; I2 86%). However, the risk of celiac disease among former smokers was not significantly different from never‐smokers with the pooled OR of 1.10 (95% CI, 0.76–1.60; I2 of 73%).ConclusionsA significantly decreased risk of celiac disease among current smokers compared with never‐smokers was demonstrated in this meta‐analysis.
Contribution of genetic amplification by PCR for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients receiving proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Bazin Thomas , Nchare Mfondi Arouna , Julie Catherine , Émile Jean-François , Raymond Josette , Lamarque Dominique 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori detection by standard methods may be altered by proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use. However, some patients cannot or should not interrupt PPI use before undergoing testing for H. pylori. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could allow more reliable H. pylori detection even in patients taking PPIs.ObjectiveThe aim of our study is to compare the H. pylori infection diagnostic value of histological examination without and with immunohistochemical staining, bacterial culture and PCR, in PPI‐treated vs untreated patients.MethodsPatients undergoing a gastric endoscopy for upper digestive symptoms were included. Gastric biopsy samples were obtained. The impact of taking PPI on the diagnostic performance of the different methods was studied. PCR results were confirmed by sequencing the glmM gene.ResultsA total of 497 patients were included, of whom 192 were H. pylori positive. Fifty‐two patients received PPIs during the 14 days preceding the endoscopy while 140 did not. All methods had lower sensitivity than PCR, in all cases (PPI treatment or not). PPI use did not change significantly the methods’ sensitivities.ConclusionThe PCR method showed the best performance for the detection of H. pylori in gastric samples, whether or not patients received previous PPI treatment. This diagnosis test could become a new gold‐standard test, especially in patients undergoing PPI treatment.
The Eyes Have It: Eyelid Swelling and Rash in a 79-year-old Woman With Macular Degeneration
Authors: Kleris Renee S. , Keswani Anjeni , Lugar Patricia 
Published: June 2018

Introduction A 79-year-old woman with macular degeneration was referred to the Allergy/Immunology clinic for the evaluation of a potential allergy to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatments. The patient developed urticaria and eyelid swelling immediately following a retinal injection of aflibercept, which she had previously tolerated. She previously had allergic reactions following ranibizumab and bevacizumab injections. Injections of anti-VEGF treatments were discontinued given concern for allergy with progression of the patient’s disease. Objective To assess the culprit medication(s) responsible for hypersensitivity reactions following anti-VEGF injections for macular degeneration. Methods Medication records were reviewed for each retinal injection. All medications used in each procedure, including the anti-VEGF therapy (aflibercept), topical anesthetics (tetracaine and proparacaine hydrochloride), and antiseptic (povidine), were evaluated with skin testing. She was additionally tested for alternative anti-VEGF therapies (ranibizumab and bevacizumab) as she was thought to have allergies to these agents by prior history. A test dose challenge was completed for aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab. Results Skin prick and intradermal testing were negative to aflibercept, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and povidine. Intradermal testing was positive to tetracaine and proparacaine hydrochloride. The patient passed test dose challenges to aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab. Due to her positive hypersensitivity testing to 2 ester anesthetics, the patient underwent skin prick and intradermal testing to the amide anesthetic, lidocaine. This was negative and the patient tolerated a graded challenge to lidocaine. She was deemed to have an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity to ester-type local anesthetics. She successfully resumed anti-VEGF therapy with an amide local anesthetic. Conclusions The reason for this consult was the concern for hypersensitivity to a biologic anti-VEGF medication. The culprit allergen, the local anesthetic, could have been overlooked without an assessment of all medications used during the procedure. This case highlights the importance of a thorough allergy evaluation of all medications used during procedures to determine the causative agent. Chief Complaint: Eyelid swelling and rash after ophthalmic procedures for macular degeneration.
Acute effect of posterior deltoid static stretching on Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in elite swimmers after competition. A randomized trial
Authors: Solana-Tramunt M , Lopez-Vidriero R , Lopez-Vidriero E 
Published: June 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether a static stretch of posterior deltoid could reduce the glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) and the total arc of movement deficit (TAMD) in professional swimmers after competition. Methods: Participants: A total of 74 professional swimmers aged from 16-33 years volunteered to participated in the study. Their competition experience were more than 2 years at national level. All the subjects were informed in written and verbal form and signed their informed consent before being assessed. Design and procedures: A randomized repeated measures design was used to assess the glenohumeral rotation in 3 moments: prior to the race, just after finishing their trial and after performing a static passive stretch of posterior deltoid muscles of 90-sec. In randomized order the computer selected 20 subjects as a control group (CG) who didn’t perform the stretching. The experimental group (EG) included 54 swimmers. The glenohumeral internal and external rotation (IR and ER) were recorded by a video camera (IPhone 6 S, version 10.1), in sagittal plane, with the center of the screen at shoulder high. Subjects were laying on supine position over a massage table, with the glenohumeral joint at 90° of abduction, the elbow at 90° of flexion, and the researcher controlling the scapula movements by pushing the shoulder over coracoid apophasis. The App Thechnique (Ubersense ©) was used to measure the glenohumeral rotation degrees between the vertical line (controlled by a plumb) and the forearm segment. Results: The multifactorial ANOVA showed that there were significant differences on GIRD and TAMD between the experimental and the control group performing the stretching F(2,70)=49.150, P=0.000, η2p=0.992. The experimental group reduced the GIRD a16.2% and the TAMD a 6.7%. The dominant IR mean values changed significantly from 66.3±12.5 to 79.2±10.4 degrees for EG ( P=0.00) and non-significantly for CG, from 74.6±12.7 to 77.6±13.9 degrees ( P=0.11). The dominant TAM means changed significantly in EG from 173.2±16.8 to 192.0±17.0 degrees ( P=0.00) and non- significantly for CG 181.5±21.7 to 188.2±23.3 degrees ( P=0.12). Conclusion: To apply a static passive stretching on posterior deltoid during 90-sec reduced GIRD and the TAMD in professional swimmers after competition, which suggest a reduced risk of shoulder injury in these overhead athletes.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Graft Options
Authors: Vinagre Gustavo , Saraiva João 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear is one of the most feared injuries since it can be crucial in the athlete’s career. The ACL reconstruction is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in Sports and the goal is to restore knee stability and avoid further injuries on the meniscus and cartilage, representing a constant topic of debate in Sports Traumatology. There are different graft options for ACL reconstruction that have been described over the years, addressed by different studies with controversy and different outcomes. The decision of the ideal graft for an ACL reconstruction is very complex, but should be consensual among all those involved in the injury process, and should be taken according to patient´s anatomy, physical demand and intrinsic graft specifications, that are key to know and understand. Objectives: Review and summarize the different graft options available for ACL reconstruction in order to make an optimal and individualized choice for each athlete to maximize the return to play and back to Sports at pre-injury levels. Methods: A literature review was performed on PubMed / Medline electronic databases with the words “ACL graft” by relevance. The articles with graft comparisons specifications were selected. Results: The results of our review were summarized with the advantages and disadvantages of the following grafts: Bone-Tendon-Bone (BTB) autograft; hamstrings autograft, quadriceps autograft and allografts. Conclusion: Taking into account the scientific knowledge available and despite the differences in each graft, the choice of the ideal graft that should be used in the ACL reconstruction should be individualized for each athlete, according to intrinsic graft specifications and extrinsic particularities of each sport and athlete.
Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis: Natural History of Medical Management Beyond the Hyperacute Stage of Ischemic Stroke in the Post-SAMMPRIS Era
Authors: Vaishnav Anand G. , Vaishnav Radhika A. 
Published: June 2018

Background: A major cause of ischemic stroke (IS) worldwide, especially in Asia, is intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS), which is also associated with the high risk of recurrent stroke. Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the natural history of symptomatic ICAS ischemic stroke (ICAS IS) patients. Materials and Methods: We collected data on acute ICAS IS patients beyond the hyperacute IS phase to determine stroke recurrence and mortality at a tertiary care neurology hospital. Data were collected on basic demographics and traditional risk factors such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, tobacco abuse, and hyperlipidemia, and statistical analysis was done. The primary endpoint was to measure the unfavorable outcome as defined by recurrent stroke or death from any cause. Results: The mean follow-up time for the total 87 patients was 24.5 months. Nine patients (10.3%) had an unfavorable outcome in the follow-up period; 2 (2.3%) of them had recurrent IS. Age was a predictor of the unfavorable outcome ( P = .0025), whereas hyperlipidemia was present more in patients with the favorable outcome ( P = .033). There was a tendency for patients with poor outcomes to have a higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at their onset of stroke. Conclusions: Aggressive medical treatment was associated with a relatively low risk of recurrent stroke in our ICAS IS population. This study provides groundwork for larger studies that can take into account clinical and newer imaging techniques to improve secondary prevention in ICAS IS patients.
In-situ multi-analytical characterization of original and decay materials from unique wall mirrors in the House of Gilded Cupids, Pompeii
Authors: Veneranda Marco , Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo Silvia , Prieto-Taboada Nagore , Maguregui Maite , Marcaida Iker , Morillas Héctor , Martellone Alberta , de Nigris Bruno , Osanna Massimo , Castro Kepa , Madariaga Juan Manuel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The House of Gilded Cupids (Regio VI, Insula 16, 7, 38) was unquestionably one of the most important residences of Ancient Pompeii, where important archaeological artefacts such as mural paintings, mosaics, sculptures and lalariums were rediscovered. This work characterizes two wall mirrors that, together with those recovered from the House of Efebo and the Domus of Euplia, represent the only ones found in the archaeological site of Pompeii. The 2015 and 2016 expeditions of the Analytica Pompeiana Universitatis Vasconicae project performed an in situ multi-analytical study, using only portable non-destructive analytical techniques. Molecular data provided by Raman spectroscopy suggested obsidian was the reflective matrix for both mirrors. Elemental data provided by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) systems were concordant with Raman spectroscopic results, enabling the detection of Ca, K, Al and Na as the main elements included in the Si matrix characteristic of obsidian igneous rocks. The LIBS data confirmed the presence of obsidian hydration layers. All techniques were used to investigate the degraded white and yellow crusts of the mirrors. Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and nitrocalcite (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O) were identified in the white areas and gypsum and goethite (α-FeOOH) in the yellow crusts. LIBS depth profiling on the white crusts found a layer of nitrocalcite on top of the gypsum layer. Gypsum and goethite were proposed to form after partial dissolution of the mortars patches (with high iron contents) used in modern restorations around the mirrors, followed by a reprecipitation on the surface of the mirrors. Nitrocalcite was proposed to form after the attack of atmospheric NOx on gypsum crusts. These results represent the first analytical work focused on the study of these unique mirrors and provide the knowledge needed for defining more adequate conservation treatments.
Academic Medical Centers and the Fallacy of Misplaced Concreteness
Authors: Brown Lawrence D. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Academic medical centers (AMCs) are a familiar target of critics who charge the US health care system with indifference to the most pressing needs of the public. AMCs are frequently faulted, for example, for promoting specialization instead of primary care, for favoring high-tech services rather than the promotion of health and prevention of illness, and for failing to adequately meet the needs of the disadvantaged. An organizational perspective, with particular attention to the structure, mission, and environment of this institutional form, suggests that these critiques may misplace onto AMCs responsibility for solving problems with deep roots in the larger political economy of health care policy in the United States. By the same token, however, the pressures of that political economy (i.e., environment) on AMCs progressively strain their structure, mission, and (arguably) their capacity to serve the public interest.
Do Other Countries Have a Better Mix of Generalists and Specialists?
Authors: Laugesen Miriam J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The conventional wisdom that the United States has an imbalance of specialty and generalist physicians is supported by data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which show that just 12 percent of physicians in the United States are generalists and 88 percent are specialists. While it is undisputed that US physicians can choose to train in a striking array of medical specialties and subspecialties not seen elsewhere, the perception that the United States has a specialty-dominated workforce is not accurate. The US definition of generalist does not fit the OECD definition because the OECD considers only family and general practitioners as generalists. OECD numbers reinforce a tendency to define primary care as family and general practitioners, without recognizing the diversity of generalist physicians providing care. In addition, while other countries may have had more generalists that fit the OECD definition, many countries have seen a relative decline in the share of generalists that is slowly reshaping the generalist-specialty balance elsewhere. These two factors, along with changing international benchmarks against which the United States is compared, support the reassessment of the conventional wisdom.
Resistance Exercise Selectively Mobilizes Monocyte Subsets: Role of Polyphenols
Authors: JAJTNER ADAM R. , TOWNSEND JEREMY R. , BEYER KYLE S. , VARANOSKE ALYSSA N. , CHURCH DAVID D. , OLIVEIRA LEONARDO P. , HERRLINGER KELLI A. , RADOM-AIZIK SHLOMIT , FUKUDA DAVID H. , STOUT JEFFREY R. , HOFFMAN JAY R. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To examine the impact of polyphenol supplementation on the recruitment, mobilization, and activation of monocyte subsets after resistance exercise.

Methods
Thirty-eight recreationally active males (22.1 ± 3.1 yr; 173.9 ± 7.9 cm; 77.8 ± 14.5 kg) were assigned to 28 d of polyphenol blend (PPB) supplementation, placebo (PL), or control (CON). Blood samples were obtained before (PRE) postresistance exercise, immediately (IP) postresistance exercise, 1 h (1H) postresistance exercise, 5 h (5H) postresistance exercise, 24 h (24H) postresistance exercise, and 48 h (48H) postresistance exercise (PPB/PL) or rest (CON). Fine-needle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis at PRE, 1H, 5H, and 48H. Circulating concentrations of macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and fractalkine, as well as intramuscular MCP-1 were analyzed via multiplex assay. Changes in the proportions and expression of CD11b on monocyte subsets were assessed via flow cytometry.

Results
Circulating MCP-1 increased in PPB and PL at IP with further increases at 5H. Intramuscular MCP-1 was increased at 1H, 5H, and 48H in all groups. Classical monocyte proportions were reduced in PPB and PL at IP, and increased at 1H. Nonclassical monocytes were increased in PPB and PL at IP, whereas intermediate monocytes were increased at IP, and reduced at 1H. Intermediate monocytes were increased in PPB at 24H and 48H. CD11b expression was reduced on PPB compared with PL and CON at PRE on intermediate and nonclassical monocytes.

Conclusions
Resistance exercise may elicit selective mobilization of intermediate monocytes at 24H and 48H, which may be mediated by tissue damage. Additionally, polyphenol supplementation may suppress CD11b expression on monocyte subsets at rest.
A PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO E SUAS CONTRADIÇÕES: POSSIBILIDADES PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DE NOVOS CAMINHOS
Authors: Toro Mariana Alejandra Roedel Salles 
Published: June 2018

Para que possamos compreender o movimento de (re)produção das cidades contemporâneas e o fenômeno urbano, é necessário que analisemos como se dá a produção do espaço. É através do espaço que se dão as relações sociais e que o homem se (re)produz. Ao realizar esse movimento de reprodução da vida, o homem consequentemente produz espaço. O espaço como processo das relações sociais nunca está fechado ou acabado, pois está sempre em processo contínuo de construção. A espacialidade contém além de uma materialidade, uma parte abstrata, subjetiva, uma vez que a experienciação dos espaços não se dá da mesma forma para todos os indivíduos. Em nosso trabalho, procuramos abordar a esfera do cotidiano, pois entendemos que esta ganha uma centralidade cada vez maior no mundo contemporâneo. É na esfera do cotidiano que se dão as práticas sociais e onde se apresentam as diferentes lutas e correlação de forças entre dominantes e dominados.