bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Role of Transchalcone in Parkinson‘s Disease through AMP-activated Protein Kinase-mediated Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cheng Yao , Hussain Shaik Althaf , Alrubie Turki Mayudh , Zhang Xiaomin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a gradually worsening neurodegenerative condition marked by the deterioration of dopaminergic neurons, motor dysfunction, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Trans-chalcone, a natural flavonoid, has shown promise in various disease models because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features. This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of transchalcone in a rat model of PD, focusing on its impact on the activation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) proteins, and mitochondrial-inflammatory responses. Male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into five groups Control, Control plus transchalcone, PD, PD plus transchalcone, PD plus compound-C, and PD plus Compound-C and trans-chalcone. PD was induced using intranigral 6-hydroxydopamine injection. Trans-chalcone (100 μg/kg) and compound-C (20 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered daily for 4 weeks in PD rats. Motor function was assessed using rota-rod and grid tests. Striatal dopamine and cytokines (interleukin 1-beta [IL-1 β], IL-10) and p65-nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by fluorometric techniques. The expression of phosphorylated AMPK, PGC-1α, and SIRT1 was analyzed by Western blotting. Trans-chalcone treatment significantly improved motor function, evidenced by increased latency to fall in the rota-rod test and recovered traversal time in the grid test. It also restored dopamine levels, enhanced mitochondrial function (reduced reactive oxygen species levels, increased membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate production), normalized cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-10) and p65-NF-κB, and upregulated the proteins expression in rats with PD. Inhibition of AMPK activity with compound-C suppressed the neuroprotective impacts of trans-chalcone, highlighting the contribution of AMPK signaling pathway in its mechanism of action. Neuroprotective and mitoprotective impacts of trans-chalcone were mostly mediated through the activation of AMPK-SIRT1-PGC1α pathway. These results indicate that trans-chalcone could be a promising therapeutic agent for PD, warranting further investigation to assess its efficacy and safety in human patients.
Revolutionizing Cataract Surgery with Advanced Techniques
Authors: Dudani Ajay , Israni Anjali , Dudani Krish , Dudani Anadya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cataract is the predominant reversible factor leading to blindness globally, affecting approximately 95 million individuals. The surgical procedure to replace a cloudy lens with an artificial lens is typically performed using local anaesthesia. Ultrasonic phacoemulsification is the conventional method used to fragment the nucleus of the lens. Thus far, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not demonstrated the superiority of the femtosecond laser compared to phacoemulsification for this specific purpose. In addition to the traditional single-focus type, the range of artificial intraocular lenses includes lenses with multiple foci, extended-depth-of-focus (EDOF) lenses, and astigmatism-correcting lenses.

Aims and Objectives:
This article presents three distinct chop techniques that vary depending on the severity of the cataract. The goal is to minimize damage to the endothelial cells and maximize visual improvement after surgery.

Materials and Methods:
patients were classified according to the grade of nuclear sclerosis. The patients with soft grade 1 cataract underwent ‘Hydropop” technique. Patients with grade 2 nuclear sclerosis underwent phcoemulsifictaion using “Half Stop-Chop’ technique. Patients with Grade 3 and grade 4 nuclear sclerosis underwent phacoemulsification using “Petal by Petal’ technique.

Results:
All patients who underwent phacoemulsification had a good visual outcome and full segmental nuclear fragment management was done without causing any endothelial and posterior capsular complication.

Conclusion:
In order to improve patient outcomes, safety, and efficiency, phacoemulsification is a crucial part of modern cataract surgery. Newer innovations in different techniques of nuclear management only enable good visual outcome while reducing the learning curve.
One-to-One Observation: Pilot Study on Practical Aspects of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery Training for Residents in Tertiary Eye Care Hospital
Authors: Raghunandan Nithya , Ramadevi K. S. , Joseph Rachel , Kumar G. Manoj 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cataract surgery and surgical training has undergone extensive revolution over years. Phacoemulsification is the surgery of choice. However, in developing countries, residents begin surgical training with small incision cataract surgery (SICS). SICS is a stepping stone to acquire good intraocular awareness and eventually perform phacoemulsification surgeries. Through this study we emphasize the need for one-to-one monitoring of surgeries performed by residents. The objective analysis of their surgical performance was based on the International Council of Ophthalmology Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubrics (ICO OSCAR).

Aims and Objectives:
Primary objective: To improvise the ophthalmic surgical training of the residents by one to one monitoring of the first 20 surgeries performed by the trainee. Secondary objective: To ensure the best possible outcome with the least number of complications in the resident surgical cases.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross sectional, observational study done in the tertiary care eye hospital in South Bengaluru from May 2023 to August 2023. Six residents, who were to begin their surgical training in our institute, were observed by three senior skilled faculty surgeons. At the end of each surgery, ICO OSCAR structured questionnaire was given to each resident for self evaluation, and the assessment made by the resident was re analysed by the observing faculty on the postoperative day one based on the outcomes of surgery.

Results:
The significant observations made by senior skilled faculty surgeons has been summarized as verbatim quotes. We describe the performance of the candidate during surgery as per ICO-OSCAR scoring, 2-novice; 3-beginner; 4-advanced beginner, 5-competent. This structured procedure of candidate observation and assessment was followed for the first twenty surgeries performed by the residents who have enrolled in the study. The data was entered in Microsoft-EXCEL version 10 and analysed.

Conclusion:
We conclude that one is to one monitoring by the senior faculty surgeon during the initial few cases plays a pivotal role in the surgical learning curve of the residents and observations of our study can be used for future modifications to improvise the postgraduate training program in ophthalmology.
Biliary atresia with splenic malformation with associated ductal plate malformation and duodenal atresia: A case report
Authors: Mukherjee Raktim , Halder Aniket , Das Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Suchandra , Chatterjee Uttara 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common cause of the obstructive type of neonatal cholestasis that requires prompt surgical intervention. About 10% of neonates with BA have other congenital anomalies, of which splenic malformation (BASM) is a well-known distinct sub-group. There is sparse literature on the association of duodenal atresia and ductal plate malformation (DPM) in patients of BASM. We describe a BASM associated with DPM and duodenal atresia in a 35-day-old infant, who succumbed at 40 days, before portoenterostomy could be performed. Duodenal atresia can be one of the associated malformations associated with BASM and ductal plate abnormalities. In our case, the child did not survive.
Invasive micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis presenting as nonfunctional kidney: A unique presentation and review of the literature
Authors: Shahin Mohammed , Tripathy Sagar R. , Nayak Prasant , Ram Prasanna , Ayyanar Pavithra 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis is a rare and aggressive variant and poses a diagnostic challenge, especially related to the site and histomorphology of the tumor. A 60-year-old female presented with right pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction and a nonfunctioning right kidney. She underwent a simple right nephrectomy. The microscopy examination revealed a high-grade tumor of the renal pelvis, predominant micropapillary architecture. The tumor infiltrated into the kidney, renal sinus, perinephric fat, adrenal gland, and Gerota’s fascia. Extensive lymphovascular and perineural invasions were also noted. On immunohistochemistry, tumor cells were positive for GATA-binding protein 3, cytokeratin 7, and cytokeratin 20, while negative for paired box gene 8, cluster of differentiation 10, mammaglobin, and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase. The p63 was positive in the conventional areas and negative in the micropapillary pattern. We reported an additional case of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis, literature review, and discussed the differential diagnosis. Immunonegativity of p63 in the micropapillary component was an additional finding.
Hemangiomatosis of the spleen in a patient with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: A case report
Authors: Lanjewar Dhaneshwar Namdeorao , Chothani Kinalee Prafullbhai , Vaishnav Mitsu Vinay , Rao Gyaneshwar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Hemangiomatosis of the spleen is a benign vascular condition occurring as a manifestation of systemic angiomatosis. It is usually associated with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS), which is a rare congenital malformation characterized by a triad of varicose veins, bony and soft tissue hypertrophy, and cutaneous and visceral hemangiomas and/or venous malformations. The association of splenic hemangiomatosis with KTS is less documented in the literature. In this report, we describe a 63-year-old female who presented with massive splenomegaly, the histopathology of which showed features of diffuse hemangiomatosis. Based on the histopathological diagnosis, a retrospective evaluation of the patient was carried out and she was diagnosed as KTS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the Indian literature describing splenic hemangiomatosis in a patient with KTS.
Effect of Integrated Yoga and Naturopathy Intervention in a Patient with Osteoid Osteoma: A Case Report
Authors: Deepa Y. , Vijay A. , Thamizhmaran T. D. , Nivethitha L. , Mooventhan A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone-forming tumor that is, typically solitary, which makes up 10%–14% of all benign tumors and 2%–3% of all primary bone tumors. Complementary and alternative treatments, such as yoga and naturopathy (YN), have grown in popularity among patients with musculoskeletal disorders to reduce pain and other symptoms. However, there is no known study that reported its effect on osteoid osteoma. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of YN on pain, mental health, quality of sleep (QoS), and quality of life in patients with osteoid osteoma. A 25-year-old man who was diagnosed with osteoid osteoma visited our hospital on May 8, 2023, with the chief complaints of severe pain in his left leg radiating to the calf muscles and ankle joint and fungal infection on his left palm and both feet. Patients underwent comprehensive YN interventions, and assessments were taken at baseline (day 1), posttreatment (day 9), and after the follow-up period (40 days). The patient showed a better improvement in the outcomes measured, such as reduction in weight, body mass index, warmth, erythema, tenderness, and swelling; reduction in the Visual Analog Scale for pain, perceived stress scale score, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index score; and increase in the Short Form-12 score. This finding suggests that YN interventions are useful in the treatment of osteoid osteoma patients in easing their pain, stress, and depression while enhancing their physical and mental wellbeing and QoS.
Evaluating oral health status in elderly Irula tribes of Tamil Nadu by using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index
Authors: Sukumar Margret Beaula Alocious , Peter Roshni Mary , Joseph Alex 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Oral diseases are a significant global health issue, with over 3.5 billion cases worldwide. Caries and periodontitis are primary contributors to tooth loss, which not only incurs significant rehabilitation costs but also profoundly affects overall well-being. Tribal communities represent a notable indigenous segment, comprising 8.6% of India’s total population, primarily concentrated in the central and western regions. This study assesses the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among the elderly Irula population by using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI).

Methods:
A cross-sectional research was undertaken in the Irula settlements of Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, focusing on inhabitants over 60 years who had lived there for at least 6 months. People who were chronically ill or who refused to agree were excluded. Data were gathered using a questionnaire that included demographic information, economic status, personal habits, and health issues. OHRQoL was evaluated using the GOHAI, and descriptive statistics such as range, mean, and standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables were used. To account for possible confounders such as age, education, and socioeconomic status, multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression.

Results:
This study results comprised mostly females (76.4%) and individuals aged 60–64 years (44.8%). Most participants were Hindu (94.1%), married (72.5%), and illiterate (61.9%). A majority lived in nuclear families (87.6%) and were agricultural laborers (60.0%). Many participants never experienced limitations in eating due to dental issues (64.0%). Gender, education, and physical comorbidities significantly influenced OHRQoL, with females and those with higher education reporting better quality of life.

Conclusion:
The study underscores the significant impact of oral health on the quality of life among the elderly Irula population. Factors such as gender, education, and physical comorbidities play crucial roles in OHRQoL. The findings highlight the need for targeted oral health interventions and further research to address disparities and improve oral health outcomes in this underserved population.
Size estimation and vulnerability assessment of transgender people in Manipur, North-east India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Suriya Phanjoubam , Rajkumari Bishwalata , Sharma Choudhurimayum Robedi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Transgender people commonly faced stigma which has been linked to violence, abuse, and discrimination, often forcing them to remain hidden.

Objectives:
This study plans to estimate the size of the transgender population and to assess the vulnerability and risk of transgender people in the society.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 171 transwomen aged 18 years and above residing in two districts in Manipur recruited using the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method. Interviews were conducted using a semistructured questionnaire, and the multiplier method was applied for the size estimation. Descriptive statistics were generated. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the institutional ethics committee.

Results:
The mean ± SD age of realization of their sexual identity and age of expressing gender identity was 9.06 ± 2.9 and 17.3 ± 2.7 year, respectively. The reported network size was found to be 40.37 ± 38.7, and the estimated size of the transgender population was found to be 2201 (95% CI 1987.6–2403.1). Most of the respondents (157, 91.8%) had ‘Ever experienced harassment due to their sexual identity’, with the majority (138, 87.9%) reporting ‘verbal abuse’, while (108, 63.1%) reported ‘sexual abuse’ and 43.9% of them said they had a ‘psychological effect’ due to the abuse.

Conclusion:
The majority of the respondents had faced some form of harassment or abuse due to their gender identity, leading to the psychological effect on them. There is an urgent need for developing a comprehensive measure focusing on mainstreaming the transgender persons by creating an enabling environment for their holistic development.
Evaluation of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary functions in recovered patients
Authors: Naja K , Meena Durga Shankar , Kumar Deepak , Dutt Naveen , Bohra Gopal K. , Gadepalli Ravisekhar , Banerjee Mithu , Garg Mahendra K. , Misra Sanjeev 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
It is documented that COVID-19 survivors have prolonged morbidity and functional impairment for many years. Data regarding post-COVID-19 lung functions is lacking from the Indian population. We aim to evaluate the lung functions in such patients after 3–6 months of hospital discharge.

Methods:
In this prospective observational study, patients were assessed 3 to 6 months post-discharge and underwent standardized pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and CT Thorax if required. The following parameters were measured and correlated with the disease severity: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second (FEV1), Forced Expiratory Flows at 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25%-75%), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) and FEV1/FVC.

Results:
A total of 52 post-COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study, with a median age of 43 years (78.8% males). 44.2% of patients had mild disease, 26.9% had moderate disease and 23.1% had severe disease at hospital admission. A restrictive pattern was seen in 20.8% of patients. The mean value of FEV1 and FVC decreased as the disease severity increased. FEV1: mild-3.21 ± 0.71, moderate-2.62 ± 0.61 and severe- 2.51 ± 0.72, P = 0.02; FVC: mild-3.69 ± 0.81, moderate-3.04 ± 0.71 and severe- 2.93 ± 0.87, P = 0.02. After adjusting the confounding factors, the mean pulmonary function values were lower in the patients who required oxygen support, with a significant difference in FEV1, FVC, PEF and FEF 25–75% with P values of 0.025, 0.046, 0.028 and 0.007, respectively. 66.67% had abnormal HRCT findings. Age and high LDH were correlated with HRCT abnormality with P values of 0.015 and 0.024. Age >50 years was found to be an independent predictor of the subsequent development of abnormality on the HRCT thorax.

Conclusions:
Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, which required oxygen, especially severe disease at the time of hospitalization, had a higher rate of abnormal spirometry than patients with mild symptoms. Follow-up CT scans obtained within six months of disease onset showed abnormalities in more than half of patients, particularly elderly patients.
The association between underlying conditions, risk factors, risk markers, and post-COVID conditions ≥6 months after COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Hill Aisha , Morford Madelon , Saydah Sharon , Logan Pamela , Raso Danielle , Stone Erin C. , Taliano Joanna , Koumans Emilia H. , Varechtchouk Olga 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
While various demographic factors and underlying medical conditions are associated with the development of post-COVID conditions within a month after SARS-CoV-2 infection, less is known about factors associated with post-COVID symptoms that persist for 6 months or more. The aim of this review was to determine the association between underlying conditions, other risk factors, health behaviors, and the presence of symptoms ≥6 months after COVID-19.

Methods:
Studies reporting on post-COVID symptoms were searched in databases, including Medline, EMBASE, Global Health, PsycInfo, Scopus, CINAHL, Proquest, and WHO COVID-19 literature, from the beginning of the pandemic until November 2022. Studies were included if they reported on symptoms ≥6 months after COVID-19 and a relevant measure of association (adjusted or unadjusted odds or risk ratio).

Results:
A total of 17 studies with 109,293 participants met the inclusion criteria; they were conducted in China (3), Italy (3), Spain (3), Russia (2), France (1), Germany (1), Sweden (1), Scotland (1), United Kingdom (1), and the United States (1). When compared to males, female participants were at an increased risk of post-COVID-19 symptoms (risk ratio (RR): 1.24; adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.08). Underlying conditions, including COPD/lung disease, overweight status or obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and asthma, were identified as possibly being associated with an increased risk of post-COVID symptoms.

Conclusion:
Female gender and certain underlying medical conditions were associated with an increased risk of post-COVID symptoms ≥6 months after COVID-19. Further research is needed to better understand some of these associations and identify groups that are at increased risk for persistent post-COVID conditions.
Dual burden of TB and mental ill-health: Prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among TB patients in Gujarat
Authors: Chauhan Ajay , Pandya Apurvakumar , Bhatt Deepti , Salaliya Vibha , Trivedi Rutu , Kapadia Dixit , Shukla Prachi , Shah Amar , Chaudhary Siddharth , Joshi Chandrashekhar , Pandey Vivekanand 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
The coexistence of tuberculosis (TB) and mental disorder presents a daunting public health challenge. Studies suggest that TB patients often experience co-morbid mental health problems, highlighting a dual burden of illness. However, due to limited research in Gujarat, we cannot draw definitive conclusions or develop targeted mental health interventions for this population.

Aim:
To investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and associated factors among TB patients from Gandhinagar and Surat cities in Gujarat, India.

Settings and Design:
The cross-sectional research was conducted in two cities in Gujarat, Gandhinagar and Surat, between October 2021 and July 2023.

Methods and Material:
Demographic information, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and perceived TB stigma were assessed at baseline (within 1 month of treatment initiation) and at the endpoint (6 months posttreatment) using a self-constructed tool for assessing risk factors and standardized instruments, namely, the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, and the Perceived TB Stigma Scale (12 items).

Results:
The study population had a mean age of 31.57 ± 12.34 years. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms was found to be 10.5% (749) and 5% (359), respectively, at the baseline. TB patients with high perceived TB stigma and who had been sick for over six months were 3.1 times more likely to experience anxiety symptoms (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.22, 4.23) and 1.6 times more likely to experience symptoms of depression (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.53). Gender, occupation, and socioeconomic level were significantly associated with both anxiety and depression (P < 0.05). Being single (AOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 2.45–7.53), low socioeconomic status (AOR: 5.41; 95% CI: 2.44–7.97), and being on TB treatment (AOR: 4.35; 95% CI: 1.83–15.65) were strongly associated anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:
The findings of the current study indicate that TB patients experience a considerable burden of symptoms of both anxiety and depression. It highlights the need for incorporating mental healthcare support within TB care programmes.