bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triaxial Limit and Safety Factor of an Anisotropic Corrosion-Resistant Alloy Tubular
Authors: Sathuvalli Udaya B. , Suryanarayana P. V. , Rahman Shaikh , Chandrasekhar Sharat 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Tubulars made with corrosion–resistant alloys (CRAs) exhibit a moderate degree of transverse anisotropy. This results in lower yield strength in the plane perpendicular to the rolling axis of the tubular. In addition, cold work during mill finishing introduces yield strength asymmetry along the axis.
The majority of CRA tubulars are low–do/t (≈10–15) production strings. Their design is usually driven by pressure and tension. Given the reduced yield strength in the hoop direction (as compared with axial yield strength), a rigorous method to assess the effect of yield strength anisotropy on the triaxial limits of the pipe is needed. Though there is a substantial body of literature on anisotropy in metals and manufactured composites, anisotropy of tubulars has received minimal attention by tubular designers.
In this context, we use Hill's celebrated criterion (Hill 1950) for the yielding of anisotropic metals to develop an equation for the triaxial limits of a hollow cylinder and show that the currently used isotropic triaxial ellipse is a special case of the general limit. Also, by recognizing that purely elastic load excursions do not alter the yield surface, we extend the aforementioned triaxial limit to tubulars with tension-compression asymmetry along the tube axis. Finally, on the basis of the notion of a strength utilization factor, we propose a method to determine the triaxial safety factor for anisotropic CRA tubulars. This method is consistent with the definition of the triaxial safety factor for isotropic tubulars.
Geochemical Modeling of Wormhole Propagation in Carbonate Acidizing Considering Mineralogy Heterogeneity
Authors: Wei W.. , Varavei A.. , Sanaei A.. , Sepehrnoori K.. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMatrix acidizing is a widely used stimulation process during which acid is injected into the formation at pressures that are less than the fracturing pressure. The purpose of matrix acidizing is to improve formation permeability or to bypass damaged zones through rock dissolution. Because of precipitation and diagenesis, carbonate rocks might contain different compositions, including calcite (CaCO3), dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2], and other minerals. When acid is injected into the formation, reactions between acid and multiple minerals of carbonate rocks occur simultaneously. In this paper, a two–scale continuum model is implemented in UTCOMP, a 3D compositional reservoir simulator, coupled with IPhreeqc, a generalized code of PHREEQC as a module. PHREEQC is an open–source program that performs a wide variety of geochemical calculations (Charlton and Parkhurst 2011). For the UTCOMP/IPhreeqc coupled model, the two–scale continuum model describes the mechanisms of convection and dispersion, whereas IPhreeqc is used for the calculation of reactions between aqueous phase and minerals. We have validated the simulation model through comparison with the analytical solution. We also compared the UTCOMP/IPhreeqc coupled model with a simple–reaction model, in which the reaction is assumed to be a first–order reaction between acid and calcite, by modifying the IPhreeqc database to obtain consistent results. On this basis, we have investigated the effects of mineral compositions on acidizing efficiency and the wormhole–propagation process. It is found that mineralogy heterogeneity is a key factor that affects acidizing efficiency and the dissolution structure. This work contributes to simulating the acidizing process with complex geochemical reactions considering the chemistry of the aqueous solution interacting with minerals. The presented model improves our understanding of carbonate–acidizing optimization.
Water Pressure Measurement Inside a Hydrocarbon Column
Authors: Rolfsvåg Trond Arne , Lindsay Craig , Zuta John , Vatne Kåre Olav , Lohne Arild , Iversen Jan Erik , Guo Ying , Askarinezhad Reza , Undheim Eirik , Gudmestad Tarald , Bye Arnulf 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper documents that it is possible to measure the pressure of water inside a hydrocarbon reservoir. The pressure difference between oil and water could provide valuable information about the hydrocarbon column height of a new discovery. Detecting changes in the hydrocarbon – water pressure difference could work as an early warning system for water approaching a field in production. Knowledge about the hydrocarbon column height could speed up the appraisal process, or guide infill drilling, saving time and money. The environmental impact will be reduced because fewer wells will have to be drilled.
In most hydrocarbon reservoirs the water phase is likely to be continuous even at a very low water saturation and at a significant hydrocarbon overpressure. This is because of the polar nature of the water molecule and the polarity in the surface of the minerals in the reservoir: Water sticks to the surface of the reservoir grains. Given enough time the pressure gradient through this thin film of water becomes the same as if the water was in bulk. By measuring both the water and the hydrocarbon pressure at a given depth inside a hydrocarbon reservoir it is possible to estimate the vertical distance down to the free-water level. The only additional information needed are the densities of the fluids.
The water has lower pressure and lower mobility than the hydrocarbon phase, therefore specialized equipment will be needed to capture the water pressure. The pressure measuring probe must have a hydrophilic filter to prevent invasion of the hydrocarbon phase.
The pressure measurement of the thin water film should be made in an undisturbed part of the reservoir, i.e. it normally cannot be made at the wall of a well. A hole through the wall of the well and a short distance into the reservoir should be made for the probe to secure a representative water pressure measurement.
Nutritional counseling with or without mobile health technology: a randomized open-label standard-of-care-controlled trial in ALS
Authors: Wills Anne-Marie M , Garry Jamie , Hubbard Jane , Mezoian Taylor , Breen Christopher T , Miller Courtney Ortiz , Nalipinski Paige , Sullivan Stacey , Berry James D , Cudkowicz Merit , Paganoni Sabrina , Chan James , Macklin Eric A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Nutritional status is an important prognostic factor in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). We wished to study the safety, tolerability and efficacy of nutritional counseling with or without an mHealth application to maintain or increase body weight in ALS, compared to standard care.

Methods

In this randomized open-label, standard-of-care-controlled, single-center clinical trial, we randomly assigned adults with ALS to one of three nutritional interventions: counseling by their physician or nurse (“standard care”), counseling by a registered dietitian (RD) (“in-person”), or counseling supported by a mHealth app (“mHealth”). Both intervention arms received tailored nutrition recommendations and recorded dietary intake and weight biweekly (mHealth) or monthly (in-person). The primary outcome of weight and secondary and tertiary outcomes of calorie intake, ALSFRS-R, and quality of life (QOL) were recorded at each clinic visit and analyzed in an ITT mixed model analysis.

Results

A total of 88 participants were enrolled of whom 78 were included in this analysis. The three arms were well-balanced except for excess males in the mHealth arm and greater weight lost at baseline in the in-person arm. Participants in the mHealth arm increased their calorie intake at month 3 to an average of 94% (95% CI: 85, 103) of recommended calories, compared to 81% (95% CI: 72, 91, p= 0.06 vs. mHealth) in the standard care arm. After 6 months, calorie intake and change in weight was not different among the three arms. QOL scores in the mHealth arm were stable over three months (0.3 points, 95% CI: -1.7, 2.2) compared to worsening in standard care (-2.1 points, 95% CI: -4.0, -0.2, p = 0.09 vs. mHealth), but all scores declined by six months. ALSFRS-R total scores declined by an average of -2.6 points (95% CI: -5.1, -0.1) over six months in the mHealth arm (p=0.13 vs. standard care) compared to -5.8 points (95% CI: -8.2, -3.4, p=0.74 vs. standard care) in the in-person and -5.2 points (95% CI: -7.6, -2.9) in the standard care arm.

Conclusions

Nutritional counseling is safe but did not increase weight compared to standard care in ALS patients.
The association of dry eye syndrome and psychiatric disorders: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Liang Chiao-Ying , Cheang Wai-Man , Wang Chun-Yuan , Lin Keng-Hung , Wei Li-Chen , Chen Yu-Yen , Shen Ying-Cheng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Several previous studies reported a greater prevalence of dry eye syndrome (DES) among patients with psychiatric diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of DES in patients with psychiatric disorders (PD) using nationwide population-based data in Taiwan.
Methods
This population-based cohort study retrospectively identified patients with PD from 1997 to 2011. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of DES in these patients and associated risk factors.
Results
A total of 75,650 patients with PD (3,665 in the DES cohort and 71,985 in the non-DES cohort) were included in the final analysis. The majority of patients in the DES group were women (72.6%). The mean age of patients in the DES cohort was 62.2 ± 14.9, which was significantly older than those in the non-DES group (50.9 ± 17.5). The patients with DES had a significantly greater likelihood of having dementia, bipolar disorder, depression, and neurotic disorders. Conditional regression analyses revealed that patients with dry eye disease were more likely to have schizophrenia (OR = 1.34), bipolar disorder (OR = 1.9), depression (OR = 1.54), and neurotic disorders (OR = 1.62). In addition, patients with DES were more likely to use 1st generation anti-psychotics (OR=1.28) and had a lower risk of using 2nd generation anti-psychotics (OR=0.64)
Conclusion
The study demonstrated that dry eye syndrome is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disease, especially depression, bipolar disorder, and neurotic disorders, after adjusting for the comorbidities.
Structural network topology correlates to cognitive impairment and iPTH level in End-stage renal disease patients with peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Wang Longsheng , Zou Liwei , Wu Hanqiu , Shan Yanqi , Zhao Ru , Liu Guiling , Tao Fangbiao , Zheng Suisheng , Gong Xijun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objective: The burden of cognitive impairment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing peritoneal dialysis has received more attention lately. It is associated with hospitalization, mortality and reduced quality of life. We aimed to assess the topological alterations of the brain white matter structural network in ESRD and the correlation between network metrics with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and clinical data.
Methods: The study included 25 ESRD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT group), 25 patients without SHPT (Non-SHPT group) and 25 healthy controls (HC group) of comparable age and sex. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The WM structural network was constructed by diffusion tensor imaging and a deterministic tractography method, and then we used graph theoretical approaches to investigate alterations in the global and regional properties of the WM networks in these participants.
Results: ESRD patients showed cognitive impairment compared to HC, and the SHPT patients had lower cognitive scores than the Non-SHPT patients. The global topological organization and local efficiency of the WM network was significantly disrupted in the SHPT but not in the Non-SHPT patients compared with the HC group. Moreover, lower regional efficiency was found in the ESRD patients, mainly distributed in the frontal and parietal cortices. In addition, an association was found between iPTH, shortest path length and cognitive impairment, and the iPTH level was negatively correlated with small-worldness by two indexes, the normalized clustering coefficient and the normalized shortest path length.
Conclusion: The present study indicated that the brain structural connectome in ESRD patients with high iPTH levels was disrupted in association with cognitive impairment and it is a potential connectome-based biomarker for early detection.
Topography-guided transepithelial accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking for low refractive error correction in keratoconus treatment: a pilot study
Authors: Sun Ling , Zhao Yu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Tian Mi , Zhao Jing , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Purpose

To investigate the safety and efficacy of topography-guided transepithelial accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking for low refractive error correction in keratoconus patients.

Methods

This was a prospective self-controlled study. Eighteen patients (18 eyes) were enrolled and assessed at 6 visits (pre-operation, 1 d, 1 m, 3 m, 6 m and 1 y post-operation). The examination at every visit included analysis of un-corrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal topography and corneal endothelial cell counts. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). The P-value was determined using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

No complications occurred in any of the eyes throughout the entire follow-up period. At each visit after the operation, the corneal K values and spherical equivalent (SE) were reduced, while visual acuity values were increased compared with those pre-operation, although these results were not statistically significant. During the follow-up, corneal endothelial cell counts were stable. Regarding the topography, part of the corneal cone was flattened after the operation.

Conclusion

Topography-guided transepithelial accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking is safe and may correct low refractive error in keratoconus treatment. Further studies and improvement are needed.
Pharmacodynamic comparison of different antimicrobial regimens against Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections with elevated vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration
Authors: Costa Thaina Miranda da , Cuba Gabriel Trova , Morgado Priscylla Guimarães Migueres , Nicolau David P. , Nouér Simone Aranha , Santos Kátia Regina Netto dos , Kiffer Carlos Roberto Veiga 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of bloodstream infections (BSI) worldwide, representing a major challenge for public health due to its resistance profile. Higher vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in S. aureus are associated with treatment failure and defining optimal empiric options for BSIs in settings where these isolates are prevalent is rather challenging. In silico pharmacodynamic models based on stochastic simulations (Monte Carlo) are important tools to estimate best antimicrobial regimens in different scenarios. We aimed to compare the pharmacodynamic profiles of different antimicrobials regimens for the treatment of S. aureus BSI in an environment with high vancomycin MIC.

Methods

Steady-state drug area under the curve ratio to MIC (AUC⁄MIC) or the percent time above MIC (fT>MIC) were modeled using a 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulation to achieve pharmacodynamic exposures against 110 consecutive S. aureus isolates associated with BSI.

Results

Cumulative fractions of response (CFRs) against all S. aureus isolates were 98% for ceftaroline; 79% and 92% for daptomycin 6 mg/kg q24h and for the high dose of 10 mg/kg q24h, respectively; 77% for linezolid 600 mg every 12h when MIC was read according to CLSI M100-S26 instructions, and 64% when MIC was considered at the total growth inhibition; 65% and 86% for teicoplanin, three loading doses of 400 mg every 12h followed by 400 mg every 24h and for teicoplanin 400 mg every 12h, respectively; 61% and 76% for vancomycin 1000 mg every 12h and every 8h, respectively.

Conclusions

Based on this model, ceftaroline and high-dose daptomycin regimens delivered best pharmacodynamic exposures against S. aureus BSIs. Teicoplanin higher dose regimen achieves the best CFR (86%) among glycopeptides, although optimal threshold was not achieved, and vancomycin performance is critically affected by S. aureus vancomycin MIC ≥ 2 mg/L. Linezolid effectiveness (CFR of 73%) is also affected by high prevalence of isolates with higher MICs. These data show the need to continually evaluate the pharmacodynamic profiles of antimicrobials for empiric treatment of these infections.
Evaluation of peripheral perfusion index and heart rate variability as early predictors for intradialytic hypotension in critically ill patients.
Authors: Shaban Mohamed , Hasanin Ahmed , El-adawy Akram , Mostafa Hanan , Fathy Shymaa , Abdelreheem Hossam M , Lotfy Ahmed , Abougabal Ayman , Mohamed Hassan , Mukhtar Ahmed 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Intradialytic hypotension is a serious complication during renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Early prediction of intradialytic hypotension would allow adequate prophylactic measures. In this study we evaluated the ability of peripheral perfusion index (PPI) and heart rate variability (HRV) to predict intradialytic hypotension.
Methods
A prospective observational study included 36 critically ill patients with acute kidney injury during their first session of intermittent hemodialysis. In addition to basic vital signs, PPI was measured using Radical-7 (Masimo) device. Electrical cardiometry (ICON) device was used for measuring cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and HRV. The ability of all variables to predict intradialytic hypotension was assessed through area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve calculation.
Results
Twenty-three patients (64%) had intradialytic hypotension. Patients with pulmonary oedema showed higher risk for development of intradialytic hypotension {Odds ratio (95% CI): 13.75(1.4-136)}. Each of baseline HRV, and baseline PPI showed good predictive properties for intradialytic hypotension {AUROC (95% CI): 0.761(0.59-0.88)}, and 0.721(0.547-0.857)} respectively.
Conclusions
Each of low PPI, low HRV, and the presence of pulmonary oedema are good predictors of intradialytic hypotension.
Premedication with dexmedetomidine to reduce emergence agitation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Jong Chan , Kim Jihee , Kwak Hayeon , Ahn So Woon 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Nasal bone fracture is the most common type of facial fracture, and the high incidence of severe emergence agitation occurring after closed reduction of the nasal bone fracture can be challenging to manage. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate whether pre-operative administration of dexmedetomidine is effective in reducing the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in adults undergoing closed reduction of nasal bone fractures.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, 90 patients who were scheduled to undergo closed reduction of a nasal bone fracture were prospectively included and were randomly assigned to either the control group (n = 45; 0.9% saline infusion) or the dexmedetomidine group (n = 45; 1 mcg/kg over 10 minutes, pre-operatively). The primary endpoint was Aono's four-point scale after anesthesia. The recovery time and numeric rating scale score were assessed as secondary endpoints.

Results

Aono's four-point scale scores were lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group [median (IQR); 1 (1-1) vs. 1 (1-2), 95% CI of difference; 0.01 to 0.02, P = 0.02]. The number, severity, and duration of agitation episodes were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group. Furthermore, the number of patients exhibiting intraoperative movement was lower in the dexmedetomidine group.

Conclusions

Pre-operative administration of dexmedetomidine demonstrated several significant benefits, such as a lower incidence of emergence agitation, reduced agitation severity, and a shorter duration of agitation. Additionally, we observed more stable maintenance of intraoperative anesthesia with less movement during the surgery.
A Randomised Controlled Trial on Analgesic Effect of Repeated Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Continuous Epidural Analgesia Following Laparoscopic Nephrectomy
Authors: Aditianingsih Dita , Pryambodho Pryambodho , Anasy Naufal , Tantri Aida Rosita , Mochtar Chaidir Arif 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Epidural analgesia as the pain management for abdominal surgery has unfavorable side effects. The quadratus lumborum block (QLB) has potential as an abdominal truncal block, however, the analgesic efficacy of QLB compared to epidural analgesia is unknown. This prospective randomized controlled study compared the effectiveness of QLB on postoperative opioid requirement and pain intensity with the epidural analgesia technique in transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Methods

Sixty-two patients undergoing laparoscopic donor nephrectomy were randomised to receive QLB (n=31) or continuous epidural (n=31). The QLB group received bilateral QLB with 0.3–0.4 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% and the epidural group received bupivacaine 0.25% 6 ml/h for intraoperative analgesia. As postoperative analgesia, the QLB group received repeated bilateral QLB and the epidural group received the decreased dosage of bupivacaine 0.125% 6 ml/h for 24 hours after surgery completion. The primary outcome was cumulative morphine requirement 24 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores, sensory block coverage, Bromage score, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and duration of urethral catheterisation. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded.

Result

Postoperative cumulative morphine requirement, pain scores, PONV and Bromage score were not significantly different between the QLB and epidural group. The QLB affected T9–L2, continuous epidural block affected T8–L3 dermatomes. Duration of urethral catheterisation was shorter (p < 0.001) in the QLB group. The MAP measured at 24 hours after surgery was lower in the epidural group (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The repeated QLB had similar cumulative morphine requirement and pain intensity, shorter uretheral catheterization duration, and higher MAP, compared with continuous epidural analgesia after transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03520205 retrospectively registered on May 9th 2018.

Keywords: epidural analgesia; laparoscopic nephrectomy; postoperative analgesia; patient-controlled analgesia; quadratus lumborum block.