bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring a Pool‐seq‐only approach for gaining population genomic insights in nonmodel species
Authors: Kurland Sara , Wheat Christopher W. , de la Paz Celorio Mancera Maria , Kutschera Verena E. , Hill Jason , Andersson Anastasia , Rubin Carl‐Johan , Andersson Leif , Ryman Nils , Laikre Linda 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDeveloping genomic insights is challenging in nonmodel species for which resources are often scarce and prohibitively costly. Here, we explore the potential of a recently established approach using Pool‐seq data to generate a de novo genome assembly for mining exons, upon which Pool‐seq data are used to estimate population divergence and diversity. We do this for two pairs of sympatric populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta): one naturally sympatric set of populations and another pair of populations introduced to a common environment. We validate our approach by comparing the results to those from markers previously used to describe the populations (allozymes and individual‐based single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) and from mapping the Pool‐seq data to a reference genome of the closely related Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We find that genomic differentiation (FST) between the two introduced populations exceeds that of the naturally sympatric populations (FST = 0.13 and 0.03 between the introduced and the naturally sympatric populations, respectively), in concordance with estimates from the previously used SNPs. The same level of population divergence is found for the two genome assemblies, but estimates of average nucleotide diversity differ ( ≈ 0.002 and ≈ 0.001 when mapping to S. trutta and S. salar, respectively), although the relationships between population values are largely consistent. This discrepancy might be attributed to biases when mapping to a haploid condensed assembly made of highly fragmented read data compared to using a high‐quality reference assembly from a divergent species. We conclude that the Pool‐seq‐only approach can be suitable for detecting and quantifying genome‐wide population differentiation, and for comparing genomic diversity in populations of nonmodel species where reference genomes are lacking.
Tree species identity determines wood decomposition via microclimatic effects
Authors: Gottschall Felix , Davids Sophie , Newiger‐Dous Till E. , Auge Harald , Cesarz Simone , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEmpirical evidence suggests that the rich set of ecosystem functions and nature's contributions to people provided by forests depends on tree diversity. Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research revealed that not only species richness per se but also other facets of tree diversity, such as tree identity, have to be considered to understand the underlying mechanisms. One important ecosystem function in forests is the decomposition of deadwood that plays a vital role in carbon and nutrient cycling and is assumed to be determined by above‐ and belowground interactions. However, the actual influence of tree diversity on wood decay in forests remains inconclusive. Recent studies suggest an important role of microclimate and advocate a systematical consideration of small‐scale environmental conditions. We studied the influence of tree species richness, tree species identity, and microclimatic conditions on wood decomposition in a 12‐year‐old tree diversity experiment in Germany, containing six native species within a tree species richness gradient. We assessed wood mass loss, soil microbial properties, and soil surface temperature in high temporal resolution. Our study shows a significant influence of tree species identity on all three variables. The presence of Scots pine strongly increased wood mass loss, while the presence of Norway spruce decreased it. This could be attributed to structural differences in the litter layer that were modifying the capability of plots to hold the soil surface temperature at night, consequently leading to enhanced decomposition rates in plots with higher nighttime surface temperatures. Therefore, our study confirmed the critical role of microclimate for wood decomposition in forests and showed that soil microbial properties alone were not sufficient to predict wood decay. We conclude that tree diversity effects on ecosystem functions may include different biodiversity facets, such as tree identity, tree traits, and functional and structural diversity, in influencing the abiotic and biotic soil properties.
Functional richness shows spatial scale dependency in Pheidole ant assemblages from Neotropical savannas
Authors: Neves Karen , Moura Mario R. , Maravalhas Jonas , Pacheco Renata , Pie Marcio R. , Schultz Ted R. , Vasconcelos Heraldo L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere is a growing recognition that spatial scale is important for understanding ecological processes shaping community membership, but empirical evidence on this topic is still scarce. Ecological processes such as environmental filtering can decrease functional differences among species and promote functional clustering of species assemblages, whereas interspecific competition can do the opposite. These different ecological processes are expected to take place at different spatial scales, with competition being more likely at finer scales and environmental filtering most likely at coarser scales. We used a comprehensive dataset on species assemblages of a dominant ant genus, Pheidole, in the Cerrado (savanna) biodiversity hotspot to ask how functional richness relates to species richness gradients and whether such relationships vary across spatial scales. Functional richness of Pheidole assemblages decreased with increasing species richness, but such relationship did not vary across different spatial scales. Species were more functionally dissimilar at finer spatial scales, and functional richness increased less than expected with increasing species richness. Our results indicate a tighter packing of the functional volume as richness increases and point out to a primary role for environmental filtering in shaping membership of Pheidole assemblages in Neotropical savannas.OPEN RESEARCH BADGESThis article has been awarded Open Materials, Open Data, Preregistered Research Designs Badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.31201jg
Using the Ecology and Evolution‐Measuring Achievement and Progression in Science assessment to measure student thinking across the Four‐Dimensional Ecology Education framework
Authors: Smith Michelle K. , Walsh Cole , Holmes N. G. , Summers Mindi M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe newly developed Four‐Dimensional Ecology Education (4DEE) framework, produced by the Ecological Society of America, provides updated guidance for undergraduate instruction. To help instructors align their courses to this framework and assess student progress toward its goals, we have recoded the comprehensive programmatic assessment Ecology and Evolution‐Measuring Achievement and Progression in Science (EcoEvo‐MAPS) and reanalyzed a national dataset of over 2000 undergraduate student responses. Here, we show how the EcoEvo‐MAPS questions align to the 4DEE framework and provide student performance data across the dimensions and elements. We also include information from student interviews to help inspire educators to develop new lessons, additional assessment questions, and other course materials in these areas. Finally, we provide information on a new web‐based portal that allows instructors to easily administer EcoEvo‐MAPS to students and receive an automatically generated score report that aligns results to the 4DEE framework.
Effects of Humidity, Temperature and Bismuth Electrodeposition on Electroanalytical Performances of Nafion‐coated Printed Electrodes for Cd2+ and Pb2+ Detection
Authors: Colozza Noemi , Cacciotti Ilaria , Moscone Danila , Arduini Fabiana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe synergistic use of Nafion polymeric membrane and in situ electrodeposited bismuth film is a worthwhile strategy to develop electrochemical sensors for the detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+. However, Nafion thin films morphological and conductivity properties have a strong dependence on the environmental conditions, such as relative humidity and temperature, while the bismuth in situ electroplating can affect the repeatability of measurements. With the aim to overcome these drawbacks, the effects of the storage environmental conditions were investigated to improve the morphological stability and electroanalytical performances of Nafion film‐based sensor for the detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+. Nafion‐coated graphite‐based screen‐printed electrodes were stored at different humidity and temperature conditions and characterised by using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Significant differences were observed at the varying of humidity conditions, with an enhancement of sensor electrochemical performances at lower humidity. Furthermore, different approaches for bismuth in situ electrodeposition on Nafion‐coated screen‐printed electrodes were compared by using overlap or removal approach. This study disclosed considerable differences in the electrochemical performances and morphology of the resulting bismuth‐sensor, obtaining an enhancement of the working stability for the removal approach.
Talking policy into being—How street‐level bureaucrats and vulnerable unemployed talk about labor market participation
Authors: Caswell Dorte 
Published: September 2019

AbstractActive labor market policy is talked into being in meetings between street‐level bureaucrats and vulnerable unemployed. Recent developments in the street‐level bureaucracy literature has identified potentials in more ethnographic work and a closer attention to responsiveness as a core value of the frontline work (Brodkin 2012; Zacka 2017). Contributing to this, the analytical perspective in this article is informed by conversation analysis and data consist of naturally occurring institutional interactions. The patterns of talk consist of both general and concrete talk. The general talk is broad and unclear, but institutionally and politically legitimate. The concrete talk is characterized by words specifically addressing work places, wishes, and experiences of the unemployed client. General talk function is to keep a labor market perspective acceptable and relevant, even when talking to vulnerable clients. This is, however, insufficient in a policy implementation perspective, as it is the concrete talk that enables the parties to negotiate and promote possible positive policy outcomes in ways that are responsive to the needs and wishes of the individual client.
Effect of initial pH, different nitrogen sources, and cultivation time on the production of yellow or orange Monascus purpureus pigments and the mycotoxin citrinin
Authors: Patrovsky Matej , Sinovska Kristyna , Branska Barbora , Patakova Petra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMonascus purpureus was grown in submerged liquid culture using ammonium sulfate, sodium nitrate, and peptone as nitrogen sources while initial medium pH was adjusted to 2.5, 5.5, 6.5, or 8.0. The combined effect of culture pH and nitrogen source on the biosynthesis of yellow (ankaflavin and monascin) and orange (rubropunctatin and monascorubrin) pigments, plus the mycotoxin citrinin, was evaluated chromatographically. Optimum cultivation conditions, that is, initial pH 2.5 and 8.8 g/L peptone as a nitrogen source, resulted in high levels of production of yellow and orange pigments (sum of pigment concentration 1,138 mg/L) and negligible citrinin concentration (2 mg/L).
Extraction of rapeseed cake oil using subcritical R134a/butane: Process optimization and quality evaluation
Authors: Guo Tingting , Wan Chuyun , Huang Fenghong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe optimal extraction conditions of rapeseed cake oil using subcritical R134a/butane were established by response surface methodology. The quality of subcritical R134a/butane extraction oil (SRBEO) was compared with supercritical CO2 extraction oil (SCO2EO) and hexane extraction oil (HXEO). The results showed the highest extraction yield obtained by subcritical R134a/butane in the condition of R134a‐butane ratio of 1.5 kg/kg, at 45°C for 50 min. Compared with SCO2EO and HXEO, the extraction yield and β‐carotene content of SRBEO (87.76%, 357.21 μg/100g) were the highest. The content of phospholipids and canolol in SRBEO (3.01 mg/g, 118.51 mg/100 g) was higher than SCO2EO (not detected, 95.82 mg/100 g) and less than HXEO (25.78 mg/g, 131.85 mg/100 g). The tocopherols in SRBEO were equivalent to SCO2EO but phytosterol content of SRBEO (560.19 mg/100 g) was less than SCO2EO (591.40 mg/100 g). For fatty acids, the three extraction oils had slight difference. Thus, subcritical R134a/butane extraction appeared to be feasible for rapeseed cake oil extraction.
RETRACTED: Tamarind: A diet‐based strategy against lifestyle maladies
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Sajid , Imran Muhammad , Ahmed Aftab , Sohaib Muhammad , Ullah Azmat , Nisa Mehr un , Hina Gule , Khalid Waseem , Rehana Hafiza 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe modern‐day review article is an exquisite attempt to demonstrate the extreme therapeutic potential of tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica), particularly its pulp, seed, and leaf extract, against lifestyle‐related chronic disorders. The rapid transition in the diet patterns and also the varying lifestyle of the people has made its way forth, a momentous upsurge in a number of chronic as well as degenerative diseases. An excess of foods having functional and nutraceutical significance has come into view recently. These foods have emerged as effective therapeutical remedies against these disorders owing to their natural phytochemical constituents present in them, in abundance. Tamarindus indica serves as a proverbial herbal medicine in each and every part of the world that is known to mankind. Also, the tamarind kernel powder (TKP) is of immense commercial significance in some of the major, leading industries of the World. The derivation of an important gel‐forming substance (polysaccharide), named as “jellose,” from the decorticated seed kernels of tamarind fruit has led to the manufacture of pectin. It is used in industrial scale in the preparation of various products like jams, jellies, and most important in the preparation of cheese. It plays an evident role as a stabilizer of commercial significance, and it has also been greatly recommend by the scientists to be used as a potent ingredient in a range of pharmaceutical products. The leaves of tamarind plant are also used as part of the daily diet in several countries where they are readily consumed in fresh form and especially during drought season.
Citric acid treatment reduces decay and maintains the postharvest quality of peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit
Authors: Yang Can , Chen Tao , Shen Borui , Sun Shuxia , Song Haiyan , Chen Dong , Xi Wanpeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPeaches are easily perishable fruit, and their quality is quickly lost after harvest. In this study, “Hujingmilu” peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit was treated with citric acid (CA) and stored at 20°C for 15 days. Fruit decay and quality were evaluated during the storage period. Compared with the control, CA treatment did not inhibit climacteric ethylene release, but CA was significantly effective at maintaining firmness, inhibiting decay, and preventing a decrease in titration acid (TA). CA treatment inhibited the increase in total soluble solids (TSS), sucrose, and fructose in the first week after fruit harvest, but then their content was significantly higher in CA‐treated fruits than that in the control group. The decrease in malic acid and citric acid was significantly prevented by CA treatment. During storage, the concentrations of C6 volatile compounds decreased rapidly whereas lactones sharply increased, and the concentrations of δ‐decalactone, γ‐decalactone, and γ‐dodecalactone were found to be significantly high in CA fruits compared with the control after the eighth day of storage (p < .05). Similarly, higher contents of chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, catechin, and L‐epicatechin were maintained in fruits treated with CA during the same storage period (p < .05). Our findings suggest that treatment with 10 g/L citric acid can reduce postharvest decay and effectively maintain the texture, flavor, and nutrition quality of peach fruit.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies of Novel Cobalt Free (Nd0.9La0.1)1.6Sr0.4 Ni0.75Cu0.25O3.8 (NLSNC4) Cathode Material for IT‐SOFCs
Authors: Shirani‐Faradonbeh H. , Paydar M. H. , Paydar S. , Gholaminezhad I. , Bazargan‐Lari R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel cathode material of (Nd0.9La0.1)1.6Sr0.4Ni0.75Cu0.25O3.8 (NLSNC4), is synthesized by solid state reaction and is further investigated in combination with samarium doped ceria (SDC) as composite cathodes including 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70 of SDC electrolyte phase. The X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that NLSNC4 was produced in pure phase and was chemically compatible with SDC electrolyte. Electrical conductivities of single phase and composite cathode materials along with their electrochemical performances on SDC electrolytes in symmetric cells were measured by DC four‐probe method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively. Results indicated that the maximum electrical conductivity is 135.56 S cm−1 at 350 °C, measured for single phase NLSNC4, sintered at 1,300 °C. Polarization resistance of pure NLSNC4 cathode was 2.71 Ω cm2 at 800 °C, and NLSNC4‐x wt.% SDC composite cathodes displayed Rp value of 0.35, 0.14, 0.12, and 0.32 Ω cm2 at 800 °C, for x = 10, 30, 50, and 70, respectively.
An evaluation of SecondBite®'s FoodMate®, a nutrition education and skill‐building program aimed at reducing food insecurity
Authors: Stephens Lena D. , Smith Geoff , Olstad Dana Lee , Ball Kylie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIssue addressedEnhancing food skills and nutrition knowledge may help promote healthy eating among people who are food insecure. FoodMate® by SecondBite®, an 8‐week nutrition education and food hamper program, focuses on developing food skills and independence among Australians at risk of/experiencing food insecurity. This study aimed to explore participants' perceptions of and experiences with FoodMate® over a long‐term (up to 2 years) follow‐up.MethodsFor evaluation purposes, SecondBite® previously collected data from participants prior to (T1) and following completion (T2) of FoodMate®. This paper reports results from semi‐structured telephone interviews conducted in a follow‐up study (2016/2017, T3) among 19 adults enrolled in FoodMate® programs delivered in Victoria and New South Wales within the previous two years. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis of responses to T3 open‐ended questions, and descriptive analysis of closed‐ended question responses (T1 vs T2 vs T3).ResultsMajor qualitative themes included program enjoyment; perceived positive long‐term program impact on participants' eating and related attitudes and skills; barriers to cooking; suggested program modifications; and impact on others. In descriptive quantitative analyses, participants' diet; confidence to cook using basic ingredients, follow simple recipes and try new foods; cooking and food‐related skills; social engagement and life satisfaction all improved between T1 and T3.ConclusionsOverall, FoodMate® was well‐received and associated with long‐term positive changes in a range of outcomes. Wider implementation among vulnerable groups should be considered.So what?Future health promotion initiatives could adopt FoodMate® to increase food skills and knowledge among adults experiencing food insecurity.
Problem Framing: Identifying the Right Models for the Job
Authors: Martin James N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the world of modeling, we are now confronted with a new problem. The richness of the tools and methods available to us now have led to an “agony of abundance” when it comes to available options for modeling a system. The recently released Unified Architecture Framework, for example, has specified 71 possible architecture views that can be created. How can systems engineering cope with all the choices? How do you effectively choose the right models? How do you determine the appropriate contents of the models you do choose? This paper presents a Problem Framing approach that facilitates selection of the right models for the job, the ones that can add the greatest value and have the greatest utility for the various potential users of these models, and those that can provide the greatest insight into system trade‐offs and successful outcomes.
Optimizing the Requirement Engineering Process: A Case Study of I/O List Management in Integrated Automation Systems
Authors: Kløcker Snorre Tryggestad , Zhao Yang‐Yang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntegrated Automation Systems (IAS) suppliers in the maritime sector have been facing the cost pressure to deliver projects over the years, while the system complexity rapidly increases. How to improve the IAS delivery process to assert the project margins thus has become a critical issue. The IAS delivery process is mainly related to design and production activities of the software activities. For instance, the requirements documentation and Input/Output list (I/O list) management during the software design and engineering phases tend to be recurring reasons for delays in the IAS production. Thus, this paper focuses on how to optimize the requirements engineering (RE) process related to I/O list management in the IAS production. A real‐life case study is conducted from both the customer (i.e. Shipyard) and supplier (i.e. The case company) perspectives to investigate I/O list management in the RE process of the IAS production. It is found that late design changes to the I/O list are the main reasons for delays in the IAS production; the lack of standardization, documentation, inconsistency between customer and supplier milestones as well as the I/O list ownership by customers are the important root causes. Based on the case data, the solution in resolving those root causes is derived for reduced man‐hours in the RE process of the IAS production.
Recommended Best Practices based on MBSE Pilot Projects
Authors: Noguchi Ryan A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractModel‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is an emerging paradigm for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of systems engineering through the pervasive use of integrated descriptive representations of the system to capture knowledge about the system for the benefit of all stakeholders. This paper describes some of the key engineering lessons and recommended best practices that have emerged from several MBSE pilot projects over the past few years.