bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of synthetic simulators for endoscope-assisted repair of metopic and sagittal craniosynostosis
Authors: Eastwood Kyle W. , Bodani Vivek P. , Haji Faizal A. , Looi Thomas , Naguib Hani E. , Drake James M. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVEEndoscope-assisted repair of craniosynostosis is a safe and efficacious alternative to open techniques. However, this procedure is challenging to learn, and there is significant variation in both its execution and outcomes. Surgical simulators may allow trainees to learn and practice this procedure prior to operating on an actual patient. The purpose of this study was to develop a realistic, relatively inexpensive simulator for endoscope-assisted repair of metopic and sagittal craniosynostosis and to evaluate the models’ fidelity and teaching content.METHODSTwo separate, 3D-printed, plastic powder–based replica skulls exhibiting metopic (age 1 month) and sagittal (age 2 months) craniosynostosis were developed. These models were made into consumable skull “cartridges” that insert into a reusable base resembling an infant’s head. Each cartridge consists of a multilayer scalp (skin, subcutaneous fat, galea, and periosteum); cranial bones with accurate landmarks; and the dura mater. Data related to model construction, use, and cost were collected. Eleven novice surgeons (residents), 9 experienced surgeons (fellows), and 5 expert surgeons (attendings) performed a simulated metopic and sagittal craniosynostosis repair using a neuroendoscope, high-speed drill, rongeurs, lighted retractors, and suction/irrigation. All participants completed a 13-item questionnaire (using 5-point Likert scales) to rate the realism and utility of the models for teaching endoscope-assisted strip suturectomy.RESULTSThe simulators are compact, robust, and relatively inexpensive. They can be rapidly reset for repeated use and contain a minimal amount of consumable material while providing a realistic simulation experience. More than 80% of participants agreed or strongly agreed that the models’ anatomical features, including surface anatomy, subgaleal and subperiosteal tissue planes, anterior fontanelle, and epidural spaces, were realistic and contained appropriate detail. More than 90% of participants indicated that handling the endoscope and the instruments was realistic, and also that the steps required to perform the procedure were representative of the steps required in real life.CONCLUSIONSBoth the metopic and sagittal craniosynostosis simulators were developed using low-cost methods and were successfully designed to be reusable. The simulators were found to realistically represent the surgical procedure and can be used to develop the technical skills required for performing an endoscope-assisted craniosynostosis repair.
Returning to work after multimodal treatment in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Starnoni Daniele , Berthiller Julien , Idriceanu Tania-Mihaela , Meyronet David , d’Hombres Anne , Ducray François , Guyotat Jacques 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVEAlthough multimodal treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) has resulted in longer survival, uncertainties exist regarding health-related quality of life and functional performance. Employment represents a useful functional end point and an indicator of social reintegration. The authors evaluated the rate of patients resuming their employment and the factors related to work capacity.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective study of working-age patients treated with surgery and radiochemotherapy between 2012 and 2015. Data were collected before and after surgery and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Employment was categorized according to the French Socio-Professional Groups and analyzed regarding demographic and clinical data, performance status, socio-professional category, radiological features, type, and quality of resection.RESULTSA total of 125 patients, mean age 48.2 years, were identified. The mean follow-up was 20.7 months with a median survival of 22.9 months. Overall, 21 patients (18.3%) went back to work, most on a part-time basis (61.9%). Of the patients who were alive at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after diagnosis, 8.7%, 13.8%, 15.3%, and 28.2%, respectively, were working. Patients going back to work were younger (p = 0.03), had fewer comorbidities (p = 0.02), and had a different distribution of socio-professional groups, with more patients belonging to higher occupation categories (p = 0.02). Treatment-related symptoms (36.2%) represented one of the main factors that prevented the resumption of work. Employment was strongly associated with performance status (p = 0.002) as well as gross-total removal (p = 0.04). No statistically significant difference was found regarding radiological or molecular features and the occurrence of complications after surgery.CONCLUSIONSGBM diagnosis and treatment has a significant socio-professional impact with only a minority of patients resuming work, mostly on a part-time basis.
Correlates of Subjective Cognitive Decline in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Older Adults
Authors: Flatt Jason D. , Johnson Julene K. , Karpiak Stephen E. , Seidel Liz , Larson Britta , Brennan-Ing Mark 
Published: June 2018

Background: Little is known about subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults. Objectives: To examine SCD and its association with dementia risk factors, other physical and psychosocial health factors in LGBT older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study of SCD was conducted with LGBT older adults, aged 50 and older ( n = 210). SCD was categorized based on endorsement of memory problems and one other cognitive domain. Hierarchical logistic regression examined the associations between demographic factors, dementia risk factors, other health and psychosocial factors, and SCD. Results: Nearly 25% of LGBT older adults were classified as having SCD. LGBT older adults who were people of color (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.1– 7.8), depressed (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.3– 6.9), or reported having functional impairment (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.1– 6.5) were significantly more likely to be classified as having SCD (Nagelkerke pseudo R2 = 0.27). Conclusion: Depression and functional impairment should be considered when screening LGBT older adults for cognitive impairment and dementia. Future research on the cognitive impairment and dementia risk in LGBT older adults is needed.
High pressure cell for Bio-SANS studies under sub-zero temperatures or heat denaturing conditions
Authors: Teixeira S.C.M. , Leāo J.B. , Gagnon C. , McHugh M.A. 
Published: June 2018

The 2nd biennial International Society for Sample Environment (ISSE) School included training on high pressure (HP) cells for Soft Matter studies. Neutron research centers are responding to a growing need for HP experimental data, relevant to a broad range of applications in bioscience, biotechnology and others. The importance of disseminating designs and operating protocols, to support concerted efforts towards the advancement of sample environment instrumentation across research centers, was repeatedly acknowledged at the ISSE school. The liquid insertion HP system for SANS, currently used at the NIST Center for Neutron Research for solutions of biological macromolecules, is described here. Emphasis is placed on the context of subzero temperature studies and the design challenges. The current model of the HP system – HP up to 3.5 kbar and −18°C < T < +80°C – uses sample volumes of 2.7 ml to cover an accessible q-range of 0.001–0.6 Å−1.
Precision Medicine in Parkinson’s Disease – Exploring Patient-Initiated Self-Tracking
Authors: Riggare Sara , Hägglund Maria 
Published: June 2018

Background: Individually tailored healthcare, in the form of precision medicine, holds substantial potential for the future of medicine, especially for a complex disorder like Parkinson’s disease (PD). Patient self-tracking is an under-researched area in PD. Objective: This study aimed to explore patient-initiated self-tracking in PD and discuss it in the context of precision medicine. Methods: The first author used a smartphone app to capture finger-tapping data and also noted times for medication intakes. Results: Data were collected during four subsequent days. Only data from the first two days were complete enough to analyze, leading to the realization that the collection of data over a period of time can pose a significant burden to patients. From the first two days of data, a dip in finger function was observed around the time for the second medication dose of the day. Conclusions: Patient-initiated self-tracking enabled the first author to glean important insights about how her PD symptoms varied over the course of the day. Symptom tracking holds great potential in precision medicine and can, if shared in a clinical encounter, contribute to the learning of both patient and clinician. More work is needed to develop this field and extra focus needs to be given to balancing the burden of tracking for the patient against any expected benefit.
A Likely Detection of a Two-planet System in a Low-magnification Microlensing Event
Authors: Suzuki D. , Bennett D. P. , Udalski A. , Bond I. A. , Sumi T. , Han C. , Kim Ho-il. , Abe F. , Asakura Y. , Barry R. K. , Bhattacharya A. , Donachie M. , Freeman M. , Fukui A. , Hirao Y. , Itow Y. , Koshimoto N. , Li M. C. A. , Ling C. H. , Masuda K. , Matsubara Y. , Muraki Y. , Nagakane M. , Onishi K. , Oyokawa H. , Ranc C. , Rattenbury N. J. , Saito To. , Sharan A. , Sullivan D. J. , Tristram P. J. , Yonehara A. ,   (the MOA Collaboration), Poleski R. , Mróz P. , Skowron J. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Kozłowski S. , Pietrukowicz P. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Ulaczyk K. ,   (the OGLE Collaboration)
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We report on the analysis of a microlensing event, OGLE-2014-BLG-1722, that showed two distinct short-term anomalies. The best-fit model to the observed light curves shows that the two anomalies are explained with two planetary mass ratio companions to the primary lens. Although a binary-source model is also able to explain the second anomaly, it is marginally ruled out by 3.1σ. The two-planet model indicates that the first anomaly was caused by planet “b” with a mass ratio of

and projected separation in units of the Einstein radius, s = 0.753 ± 0.004. The second anomaly reveals planet “c” with a mass ratio of

with Δχ
2 ∼ 170 compared to the single-planet model. Its separation has two degenerated solutions: the separation of planet c is s
2 = 0.84 ± 0.03 and 1.37 ± 0.04 for the close and wide models, respectively. Unfortunately, this event does not show clear finite-source and microlensing parallax effects; thus, we estimated the physical parameters of the lens system from Bayesian analysis. This gives the masses of planets b and c as

and

, respectively, and they orbit a late-type star with a mass of

located at

from us. The projected distances between the host and planets are

for planet b and

and

for the close and wide models of planet c. If the two-planet model is true, then this is the third multiple-planet system detected using the microlensing method and the first multiple-planet system detected in low-magnification events, which are dominant in the microlensing survey data. The occurrence rate of multiple cold gas giant systems is estimated using the two such detections and a simple extrapolation of the survey sensitivity of the 6 yr MOA microlensing survey combined with the 4 yr μFUN detection efficiency. It is estimated that 6% ± 2% of stars host two cold giant planets.
Andromeda’s Parachute: A Bright Quadruply Lensed Quasar at z = 2.377
Authors: Rubin Kate H. R. , O’Meara John M. , Cooksey Kathy L. , Matuszewski Mateusz , Rizzi Luca , Doppmann Greg , Kwok Shui , Martin D. Christopher , Moore Anna M. , Morrissey Patrick , Neill James D. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present Keck Cosmic Web Imager spectroscopy of the four putative images of the lensed quasar candidate J014710+463040 recently discovered by Berghea et al. The data verify the source as a quadruply lensed, broad absorption-line quasar having

. We detect intervening absorption in the Fe ii
λλ2586, 2600, Mg ii
λλ2796, 2803, and/or C iv
λλ1548, 1550 transitions in eight foreground systems, three of which have redshifts consistent with the photometric-redshift estimate reported for the lensing galaxy (z
L ≈ 0.57). The source images probe these absorbers over transverse physical scales of ≈0.3–22 kpc, permitting assessment of the variation in metal-line equivalent width

as a function of sight-line separation. We measure differences in

of <40% across most of the sight-line pairs subtending 8–22 kpc, suggestive of a high degree of spatial coherence for the Mg ii-absorbing material.

varies by >50% over the same scales across the majority of sight-line pairs, while C iv absorption exhibits a wide range in

differences of ≈5%–80% within transverse distances of ≲3 kpc. These spatial variations are consistent with those measured in intervening absorbers detected toward lensed quasars drawn from the literature, in which

and

vary by ≤20% in 35 ± 7% and 47 ± 6% of sight lines separated by <10 kpc, respectively. J014710+463040 is one of only a handful of z > 2 quadruply lensed systems for which all four source images are very bright (r = 15.4–17.7 mag) and are easily separated in ground-based seeing conditions. As such, it is an ideal candidate for higher-resolution spectroscopy probing the spatial variation in the kinematic structure and physical state of intervening absorbers.
Resolving the Nuclear Obscuring Disk in the Compton-thick Seyfert Galaxy NGC 5643 with ALMA
Authors: Alonso-Herrero A. , Pereira-Santaella M. , García-Burillo S. , Davies R. I. , Combes F. , Asmus D. , Bunker A. , Díaz-Santos T. , Gandhi P. , González-Martín O. , Hernán-Caballero A. , Hicks E. , Hönig S. , Labiano A. , Levenson N. A. , Packham C. , Almeida C. Ramos , Ricci C. , Rigopoulou D. , Rosario D. , Sani E. , Ward M. J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present ALMA Band 6 12CO(2–1) line and rest-frame 232 GHz continuum observations of the nearby Compton-thick Seyfert galaxy NGC 5643 with angular resolutions 0.″11–0.″26 (9–21 pc). The CO(2–1) integrated line map reveals emission from the nuclear and circumnuclear region with a two-arm nuclear spiral extending ∼10″ on each side. The circumnuclear CO(2–1) kinematics can be fitted with a rotating disk, although there are regions with large residual velocities and/or velocity dispersions. The CO(2–1) line profiles of these regions show two different velocity components. One is ascribed to the circular component and the other to the interaction of the AGN outflow, as traced by the [O iii]λ5007 Å emission, with molecular gas in the disk a few hundred parsecs from the AGN. On nuclear scales, we detected an inclined CO(2–1) disk (diameter 26 pc, FWHM) oriented almost in a north–south direction. The CO(2–1) nuclear kinematics can be fitted with a rotating disk that appears to be tilted with respect to the large-scale disk. There are strong non-circular motions in the central 0.″2–0.″3 with velocities of up to 110 km s−1. In the absence of a nuclear bar, these motions could be explained as radial outflows in the nuclear disk. We estimate a total molecular gas mass for the nuclear disk of M(H2) = 1.1 × 107
M
⊙ and an H2 column density toward the location of the AGN of N(H2) ∼ 5 × 1023 cm−2, for a standard CO-to-H2 conversion factor. We interpret this nuclear molecular gas disk as the obscuring torus of NGC 5643 as well as the collimating structure of the ionization cone.
Can Flare Loops Contribute to the White-light Emission of Stellar Superflares?
Authors: Heinzel P. , Shibata K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Since the discovery of stellar superflares by the Kepler satellite, these extremely energetic events have been studied in analogy to solar flares. Their white-light (WL) continuum emission has been interpreted as being produced by heated ribbons. In this paper, we compute the WL emission from overlying flare loops depending on their density and temperature and show that, under conditions expected during superflares, the continuum brightening due to extended loop arcades can significantly contribute to stellar flux detected by Kepler. This requires electron densities in the loops of 1012−1013 cm−3 or higher. We show that such densities, exceeding those typically present in solar-flare loops, can be reached on M-dwarf and solar-type superflare stars with large starspots and much stronger magnetic fields. Quite importantly, the WL radiation of loops is not very sensitive to their temperature and thus both cool as well as hot loops may contribute. We show that the WL intensity emergent from optically thin loops is lower than the blackbody radiation from flare ribbons, but the contribution of loops to total stellar flux can be quite important due to their significant emitting areas. This new scenario for interpreting superflare emission suggests that the observed WL flux is due to a mixture of the ribbon and loop radiation and can be even loop-dominated during the gradual phase of superflares.
High-temperature Ionization-induced Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Molecules in the Protosolar Nebula
Authors: Bekaert David V. , Derenne Sylvie , Tissandier Laurent , Marrocchi Yves , Charnoz Sebastien , Anquetil Christelle , Marty Bernard 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Biologically relevant molecules (hereafter biomolecules) have been commonly observed in extraterrestrial samples, but the mechanisms accounting for their synthesis in space are not well understood. While electron-driven production of organic solids from gas mixtures reminiscent of the photosphere of the protosolar nebula (PSN; i.e., dominated by CO–N2–H2) successfully reproduced key specific features of the chondritic insoluble organic matter (e.g., elementary and isotopic signatures of chondritic noble gases), the molecular diversity of organic materials has never been investigated. Here, we report that a large range of biomolecules detected in meteorites and comets can be synthesized under conditions typical of the irradiated gas phase of the PSN at temperatures = 800 K. Our results suggest that organic materials—including biomolecules—produced within the photosphere would have been widely dispersed in the protoplanetary disk through turbulent diffusion, providing a mechanism for the distribution of organic meteoritic precursors prior to any thermal/photoprocessing and subsequent modification by secondary parent body processes. Using a numerical model of dust transport in a turbulent disk, we propose that organic materials produced in the photosphere of the disk would likely be associated with small dust particles, which are coupled to the motion of gas within the disk and therefore preferentially lofted into the upper layers of the disk where organosynthesis occurs.
An Extremely Low Mid-infrared Extinction Law toward the Galactic Center and 4% Distance Precision to 55 Classical Cepheids
Authors: Chen Xiaodian , Wang Shu , Deng Licai , de Grijs Richard 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Distances and extinction values are usually degenerate. To refine the distance to the general Galactic Center region, a carefully determined extinction law (taking into account the prevailing systematic errors) is urgently needed. We collected data for 55 classical Cepheids projected toward the Galactic Center region to derive the near- to mid-infrared extinction law using three different approaches. The relative extinction values obtained are

,

,

, and

. We also calculated the corresponding systematic errors. Compared with previous work, we report an extremely low and steep mid-infrared extinction law. Using a seven-passband “optimal distance” method, we improve the mean distance precision to our sample of 55 Cepheids to 4%. Based on four confirmed Galactic Center Cepheids, a solar Galactocentric distance of R
0 = 8.10 ± 0.19 ± 0.22 kpc is determined, featuring an uncertainty that is close to the limiting distance accuracy (2.8%) for Galactic Center Cepheids.
SOLIS IV. Hydrocarbons in the OMC-2 FIR4 Region, a Probe of Energetic Particle Irradiation of the Region∗
Authors: Favre C. , Ceccarelli C. , López-Sepulcre A. , Fontani F. , Neri R. , Manigand S. , Kama M. , Caselli P. , Al-Edhari A. Jaber , Kahane C. , Alves F. , Balucani N. , Bianchi E. , Caux E. , Codella C. , Dulieu F. , Pineda J. E. , Sims I. R. , Theulé P. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We report new interferometric images of cyclopropenylidene, c-C3H2, toward the young protocluster OMC-2 FIR 4. The observations were performed at 82 and 85 GHz with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) as part of the project Seeds Of Life In Space (SOLIS). In addition, IRAM-30 m data observations were used to investigate the physical structure of OMC-2 FIR 4. We find that the c-C3H2 gas emits from the same region where previous SOLIS observations showed bright HC5N emission. From a non-LTE analysis of the IRAM-30 m data, the c-C3H2 gas has an average temperature of ∼40 K, a H2 density of ∼3 × 105 cm−3, and a c-C3H2 abundance relative to H2 of (7 ± 1) × 10−12. In addition, the NOEMA observations provide no sign of significant c-C3H2 excitation temperature gradients across the region (about 3–4 beams), with T
ex in the range 8 ± 3 up to 16 ± 7 K. We thus infer that our observations are inconsistent with a physical interaction of the OMC-2 FIR 4 envelope with the outflow arising from OMC-2 FIR 3, as claimed by previous studies. The comparison of the measured c-C3H2 abundance with the predictions from an astrochemical PDR model indicates that OMC-2 FIR 4 is irradiated by an FUV field ∼1000 times larger than the interstellar one, and by a flux of ionizing particles ∼4000 times larger than the canonical value of 1 × 10−17 s−1 from the Galaxy cosmic rays, which is consistent with our previous HC5N observations. This provides an important and independent confirmation of other studies that one, or more, source inside the OMC-2 FIR 4 region emits energetic (≥10 MeV) particles.
Gradual Streamer Expansions and the Relationship between Blobs and Inflows
Authors: Wang Y.-M. , Hess P. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Coronal helmet streamers show a continual tendency to expand outward and pinch off, giving rise to flux ropes that are observed in white light as “blobs” propagating outward along the heliospheric current/plasma sheet. The blobs form within the r ∼ 2–6 R
⊙ heliocentric range of the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) C2 instrument, but the expected inward-moving counterparts are often not detected. Here we show that the height of blob formation varies as a function of the underlying photospheric field, with the helmet streamer loops expanding to greater heights when active regions (ARs) emerge underneath them. When the pinch-offs occur at r ∼ 3–4 R
⊙, diverging inward/outward tracks sometimes appear in height–time maps constructed from LASCO C2 running-difference images. When the underlying photospheric field is weak, the blobs form closer to the inner edge of the C2 field of view and only the outward tracks are clearly visible. Conversely, when the emergence of large ARs leads to a strengthening of the outer coronal field and an increase in the total white-light radiance (as during late 2014), the expanding helmet-streamer loops pinch off beyond r ∼ 4 R
⊙, triggering strong inflow streams whose outgoing counterparts are usually very faint. We deduce that the visibility of the blobs and inflows depends on the amount of material that the diverging components sweep up within the 2–6 R
⊙ field of view. We also note that the rate of blob production tends to increase when a helmet streamer is “activated” by underlying flux emergence.