bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus and influence power approximation in time‐varying and directed networks subject to perturbations
Authors: Martin S. , Morărescu I.‐C. , Nešić D. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe paper focuses on the analysis of multi‐agent systems interacting over directed and time‐varying networks in presence of parametric uncertainty on the interaction weights. We assume that agents reach a consensus, and the main goal of this work is to characterize the contribution that each agent has to the consensus value. This information is important for network intervention applications such as targeted advertising over social networks. Indeed, for an advertising campaign to be efficient, it has to take into account the influence power of each agent in the graph (ie, the contribution of each agent to the final consensus value). In our first results, we analytically describe the trajectory of the overall network, and we provide lower and upper bounds on the corresponding consensus value. We show that under appropriate assumptions, the contribution of each agent to the consensus value is smooth both in time and in the variation of the uncertainty parameter. This allows approximating the contribution of each agent when small perturbations affect the influence of each agent on its neighbors. Finally, we provide a numerical example to illustrate how our theoretical results apply in the context of network intervention.
Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of clinical practice guidelines in sonography
Authors: Maric Jovana , Childs Jessie , Esterman Adrian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractKnowledge of the size of the adult liver is an essential factor in diagnosing liver disease and in the monitoring of treatment response over time. Although there are multiple methods to determine liver size using ultrasound, currently, no clinical practice guideline exists. Recently, a reference range and equation to determine liver volume using ultrasound was developed. In order to guide the development of a clinical guideline, a scoping review was conducted in order to identify the potential barriers and facilitators to the implementation of this new measurement technique in clinical practice. A total of 40 articles were included in the review. The most commonly cited barriers to guideline adherence can be divided into categories that are related to individual barriers (knowledge and attitude) and external factors (guideline and environmental). The facilitators to overcome such barriers were also identified. It was reported that implementation is most beneficial when a range of strategies that aim to address the identified barriers are used. In conclusion, this scoping review has identified barriers and facilitators to aid in the development of interventions to improve sonographers' adherence to clinical practice guidelines in the clinical environment.
Bayesian regularization: From Tikhonov to horseshoe
Authors: Polson Nicholas G. , Sokolov Vadim 
Published: April 2019

Bayesian regularization is a central tool in modern‐day statistical and machine learning methods. Many applications involve high‐dimensional sparse signal recovery problems. The goal of our paper is to provide a review of the literature on penalty‐based regularization approaches, from Tikhonov (Ridge, Lasso) to horseshoe regularization.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Robust Methods
Statistical Models > Linear Models
Statistical Models > Bayesian Models
CAT BOND PRICING UNDER A PRODUCT PROBABILITY MEASURE WITH POT RISK CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Tang Qihe , Yuan Zhongyi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFrequent large losses from recent catastrophes have caused great concerns among insurers/reinsurers, who then turn to seek mitigations of such catastrophe risks by issuing catastrophe (CAT) bonds and thereby transferring the risks to the bond market. Whereas, the pricing of CAT bonds remains a challenging task, mainly due to the facts that the CAT bond market is incomplete and that the pricing usually requires knowledge about the tail of the risks. In this paper, we propose a general pricing framework based on a product pricing measure, which combines a distorted probability measure that prices the catastrophe risks underlying the CAT bond with a risk-neutral probability measure that prices interest rate risk. We also demonstrate the use of the peaks over threshold (POT) method to uncover the tail risk. Finally, we conduct case studies using Mexico and California earthquake data to demonstrate the applicability of our pricing framework.
The Decolonization of the Environment in Kazakhstan: The NovelFinal Respectsby Abdi-Jamil Nurpeisov
Authors: Sharipova Dina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article examines the novelFinal Respectsby Abdi-Jamil Nurpeisov from a postcolonial ecocritical perspective. Nurpeisov was one of the first Kazakh writers to discuss the decolonization of the environment and the “process of self-apprehension” by writing about the tragedy of the Aral Sea, power relations between the center and periphery, and the interconnectivity of humans and the environment in the Soviet Union. Through the prism of a small fishing village, he shows the tragedy of a nation that has an impact on the entire world. The novel is thus a critique of anthropocentric policies imposed by Moscow on Kazakhstan and other Soviet republics. Throughout the text, Nurpeisov reiterates the connection between the local and the global on one hand, and human culture and the environment on the other.
Quelle langue parlait Toussaint Louverture ?
Authors: Girard Philippe R. 
Published: April 2019

RésuméCet article tente de recréer la langue des révolutionnaires haïtiens, plus particulièrement celle de Toussaint Louverture, à l’aide des témoignages de ses contemporains, des lettres rédigées par d’anciens esclaves et du mémoire qu’il écrivit peu avant sa mort. Une analyse détaillée de ces sources faisant appel à l’histoire et à la linguistique montre que Louverture privilégiait le français à l’écrit, qu’il cantonnait le kreyòl à un rôle oral (surtout quand il s’adressait aux classes laborieuses) et qu’il n’utilisait que très rarement la langue ewe-fon de ses ancêtres aradas. Son mémoire suggère que le kreyòl haïtien, à qui certains linguistes attribuent des origines africaines, fut davantage influencé par des prononciations anciennes, populaires, ou régionales du français. La préférence de Louverture pour le français renforce aussi les thèses qui font de lui un personnage modéré et très influencé par le modèle métropolitain.
Analysis of Broadband Seismic Recordings of Landslide Using Empirical Green's Function
Authors: Zhang Zhen , He Siming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe 2010 Mount Meager landslide generated strong seismic waves. We used seismic signals generated by a smaller landslide that occurred within 2 min of the end of the main landslide as the empirical Green's function (EGF) with which to obtain landslide dynamics from high‐frequency signals. We then obtained the apparent force‐time function of the landslide based on the EGF by inverting the higher‐frequency seismic signals. The apparent force‐time function shows that the source material of the main landslide came from four collapses and that the second collapse involved multiple small collapses. We also used the EGF to simulate the vertical seismogram recorded at one station and found that the synthesized seismogram fits the response of the bulk mobilization of the sliding materials remarkably well. Our study demonstrates that the use of the EGF can significantly broaden quantitative insights into landslide dynamics.
Curie Temperature Enhancement and Cation Ordering in Titanomagnetites: Evidence From Magnetic Properties, XMCD, and Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Bowles J. A. , Lappe S.‐C. L. L. , Jackson M. J. , Arenholz E. , van der Laan G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevious work has documented time‐ and temperature‐dependent variations in the Curie temperature (Tc) of natural titanomagnetites, independent of any changes in sample composition. To better understand the atomic‐scale processes responsible for these variations, we have generated a set of synthetic titanomagnetites with a range of Ti, Mg, and Al substitution; a subset of samples was additionally oxidized at low temperature (150 °C). Samples were annealed at temperatures between 325 and 400 °C for up to 1,000 hr and characterized in terms of magnetic properties; Fe valence and site occupancy were constrained by X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Annealing results in large (up to ~100 °C) changes in Tc, but Mössbauer, XMCD, and saturation magnetization data all demonstrate that intersite reordering of Fe2+/Fe3+ does not play a role in the observed Tc changes. Rather, the data are consistent with vacancy‐enhanced nanoscale chemical clustering within the octahedral sublattice. This clustering may be a precursor to chemical unmixing at temperatures below the titanomagnetite binary solvus. Additionally, the data strongly support a model where cation vacancies are predominantly situated on octahedral sites, Mg substitution is largely accommodated on octahedral sites, and Al substitution is split between the two sites.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Satellite‐Derived Photosynthetically Available Radiation Over the Tropical Oceans
Authors: Tan J. , Frouin R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe seasonal and interannual variability of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) over the tropical oceans is examined using satellite imagery acquired from 1997 to 2017. Spatial and temporal biases between monthly PAR estimates from different instruments are determined and corrected, resulting in a consistent time series over the 20‐year record. Uncertainty is evaluated in comparisons with in situ measurements at various sites. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is performed with both seasonal and nonseasonal PAR signals, and linear trends are quantified. Seasonal cycles dominate PAR variability, with the first three seasonal EOF modes explaining 84.7% of the total variance. The seasonal patterns are related to solar position and monsoon. Canonical El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Modoki ENSO are related to the two leading nonseasonal EOF modes, with a correlation coefficient of 0.84 between the first mode and the multivariate ENSO index and of 0.48 between the second mode and the El Niño Modoki index. Trend analysis reveals that PAR tends to decrease by 0.2%/year in the central Pacific north of the equator and to increase by 0.2%/year in the central Pacific around 5°S. The tendency is also for PAR to increase west of Central and South America. These changes are consistent with patterns of cloud change evidenced in the satellite cloud record and predicted by global climate models. The long‐term satellite PAR data set, together with information of nutrient availability and temperature, enables further studies to elucidate the causes of phytoplankton variability in the tropical oceans.
Fixation Characteristics in Highly Myopic Eyes: the Shanghai High Myopia Study
Authors: Zhu Xiangjia , He Wenwen , Zhang Keke , Zhang Yinglei , Fan Qi , Lu Yi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe enrolled 500 highly myopic eyes and 50 controls in this hospital-based prospective cohort study. The fixation ellipse angle and area in terms of the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) were measured with Macular Integrity Assessment microperimetry. Optic disc tilt and rotation were evaluated with retinal images. The associations between fixation and optic disc changes were assessed. Both 63% and 95% BCEA correlated positively with axial length (AL) (both r = 0.230, P = 0.001) in highly myopic group, and were significantly higher than the control group (both P < 0.001). The direction of fixation ellipse presented clockwise rotation in the right eyes and anti-clockwise rotation in the left eyes with the increase of AL in highly myopic group (AL ≥30 vs <30 mm: OD 76.12 ± 51.17°: vs 90.60° ± 51.28°, P = 0.029; OS 94.73 ± 57.45° vs 87.82 ± 55.15°, P = 0.371). The angle between the long axis of the fixation ellipse and the long axis of the optic disc (AngleF−D) distributed in various directions: 0–30° (34.6% almost parallel) ≈60–90° (34.4% almost vertical) >30–60° (31% oblique). AngleF−D increased slightly with the AL (r = 0.105, P = 0.024). In highly myopic eyes, fixation stability decreased with the AL, and superior rotation of the fixation ellipse increased with AL. The long axis of fixation ellipse and the long axis of optic disc became less parallel to each other with increasing AL. Our data may provide clues for improvement of fixation evaluation designs of biometric instruments.
Successive four-phase liquid separation using hierarchical microcube-nanohole structure and controlled surface wettability meshes
Authors: Woo Seeun , Hwang Woonbong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe chemical industry needs filter systems with selective wetting properties for environmental protection and effective liquid separation. Current liquid-separation systems are mainly based on the surface energy of the meshes used to separate liquid particles; the smaller the difference between the surface tension of the liquids to be separated, the lower the separation efficiency of these systems. Sophisticated control of the surface wettability of a separation system is necessary to separate liquids with small differences in their surface tension. We precisely adjusted the surface-energy threshold of aluminium meshes used for separation by simply coating their hierarchical microcube and nanohole structures with different materials. We also applied patterning technology to create a single mesh with a heterogeneous distribution of surface tension to successively separate four liquids. Under the force of gravity, the hybrid system of meshes effectively separated the mixture of four liquids, yielding a perfect collection rate (≥98%) and high content ratio (≥96%). Even multiphase mixtures of immiscible liquids with surface tension differences as small as 10.4 mN/m could be effectively separated. Thus, multiphase liquid-separation systems can be used for the efficient and economical separation of various liquid mixtures in many industrial and environmental fields.
Neuropathologic Findings in a Child with a Novel Variant of TBCK-Related Encephaloneuronopathy
Authors: Chen Sonja , Zakka Fouad , Khedr Salwa , Mangray Shamlal , Massingham Lauren , de la Monte Suzanne M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA 3-year-old girl with developmental delays, hypotonia, and generalized seizures was diagnosed with a novel variant of a heterozygous mutation in the TBC1 domain containing kinase (TBCK) gene. Postmortem findings revealed severe hypotrophy of cerebral white matter, hypogenesis of the corpus callosum with reduced myelination and oligodendrocyte populations, and reactive gliosis, and venous angiomas of the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum white matter. This report is the first to link a TBCK gene mutation to impaired white matter development with the targeting of central nervous system myelin and oligodendrocytes. The mechanism may involve inhibition of signaling through (mTORC1).
Network cloning using DNA barcodes
Authors: Shuvaev Sergey A. , Başerdem Batuhan , Zador Anthony M. , Koulakov Alexei A. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
The connections between neurons determine the computations performed by a neural network. Connections can be considered a “summary” of the statistical structure of the experience—data—on which the network was trained. Here, we propose a method for how neuronal network connectivity can be copied or “cloned” from one network to another. Our method relies on the use of DNA barcodes—short DNA sequences that allow tagging individual neurons with unique labels. In our study, we prove theorems that show that such a transfer of network connectivity is theoretically possible.
An oscillator model better predicts cortical entrainment to music
Authors: Doelling Keith B. , Assaneo M. Florencia , Bevilacqua Dana , Pesaran Bijan , Poeppel David 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Previous work in humans has found rhythmic cortical activity while listening to rhythmic sounds such as speech or music. Whether this activity reflects oscillatory dynamics of a neural circuit or instead evoked responses to the rhythmic stimulus has been difficult to determine. Here, we devised a metric to tease apart the two hypotheses by analyzing phase lag across many stimulation rates. We test this phase concentration metric using numerical simulations and generate quantitative predictions to compare against recorded magnetoencephalography data. Both previously recorded and new data were better predicted by a model of oscillatory dynamics than evoked responses. This work, therefore, provides definitive evidence for the presence of an oscillatory dynamic in auditory cortex during processing of rhythmic stimuli.
Collaboration and competition between active sheets for self-propelled particles
Authors: Laskar Abhrajit , Shklyaev Oleg E. , Balazs Anna C. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Chemical and density gradients produced by catalytic reactions provide effective means of propelling particles in fluid-filled microchambers. Using computer modeling, we show the rich dynamic behavior that emerges when catalyst-coated sheets are combined with chemoresponsive particles in solution. Catalytic reactions on the flexible sheets generate density variations that produce fluid flows, which deform the sheets and drive their movement. The same reactions yield the chemical gradients that direct the particles’ motion. The resulting synergistic interactions among the sheets, particles, and fluid lead to bioinspired behavior, such as crab-shaped sheets competitively grabbing or collaboratively sharing particles, which can also flee these predators. By identifying parameters that govern the systems’ behavior, we provide guidelines for creating chemically driven, flexible robots for fluidic environments.
Shugoshin protects centromere pairing and promotes segregation of nonexchange partner chromosomes in meiosis
Authors: Previato de Almeida Luciana , Evatt Jared M. , Chuong Hoa H. , Kurdzo Emily L. , Eyster Craig A. , Gladstone Mara N. , Gómez-H Laura , Llano Elena , Meyer Régis , Pendas Alberto M. , Pezza Roberto J. , Dawson Dean S. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Meiotic crossovers form a connection between homologous chromosomes that allows them to attach to the spindle as a single unit in meiosis I. In humans, failures in this process are a leading cause of aneuploidy. A recently described process, called centromere pairing, can also help connect meiotic chromosome partners in meiosis. Homologous chromosomes become tightly joined by a structure called the synaptonemal complex (SC) in meiotic prophase. After the SC disassembles, persisting SC proteins at the centromeres mediate their pairing. Here, studies in mouse spermatocytes and yeast are used to show that the shugoshin protein helps SC components persist at centromeres and helps centromere pairing promote the proper segregation of yeast chromosomes that fail to become tethered by crossovers.
The threat from
Chromolaena odorata
and options for control.
Authors: Rusdy M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The invasion of natural ecosystems by alien plant species is a serious environmental problem that threatens the productivity, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Chromolaena odorata
is a weed native to tropical America and has become one of the world's worst alien invasive species in the Old World of tropical and subtropical countries. In invaded areas of the Old World, this plant has created many problems both in natural and disturbed ecosystems. To generate information useful for alleviating the problems, literature in Google Scholar, CAB Abstracts, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus were searched. From those databases, reproduction, distribution and factors contributing to its success as an invader species are presented and discussed. Its threat to agriculture, natural ecosystem and animals are presented. Means of preventing the spread and controlling the growth of the weed are highlighted and discussed.
The high-fat diet and the effects of its consumption on the hypothalamus and hippocampus.
Authors: Woodie L. N. , Altonji O. M. , Huggins K. W. , Greene M. W. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Obesity has become a highly prevalent worldwide public health issue that is attributed to the overconsumption of caloric dense foods, such as meals high in saturated fats. Consistent overconsumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) results in pathogenic adipose tissue expansion which induces a chronic state of low-grade inflammation throughout the body. Extensive research into the area has shown that this inflammatory state has detrimental impacts on metabolic health and lies at the centre of several diseases such as type-II diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. In recent years, cognitive deficits have also been found to result from chronic high-fat feeding. In particular, the hypothalamus and hippocampus are two areas that are consistently impacted by HFD-induced inflammation. The hypothalamus is a main homeostatic site and alterations in its chemistry and function can cause negative impacts though out the entire organism. The hypothalamic role in appetite and satiety, in particular, is significantly altered by the HFD. Additionally, the mammalian centre for learning and memory, the hippocampus, becomes increasingly susceptible to the deleterious effects of HFD-induced inflammation as HFD exposure continues.; Deficits in behavioural, cellular and molecular markers for hippocampal function are consistently observed in animal and human studies on high-fat feeding. The obesity epidemic has continued; to plague Western society making research into the area of HFD-induced diseases increasingly important. Therefore, this review will evaluate and connect the current literature on HFD-induced changes to the brain areas most impacted by the HFD: the hypothalamus and hippocampus.