bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonfatal Stroke and All-Cause Mortality among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Living in Rural Ecuador: A Population-Based, Prospective Study
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Del Brutto Victor J. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Stroke is a leading cause of disability in developing countries. However, there are no studies assessing the impact of nonfatal strokes on mortality in rural areas of Latin America. Using a population-based, prospective cohort study, we aimed to assess the influence of nonfatal strokes on all-cause mortality in older adults living in an underserved rural setting. Methods: Deaths occurring during a 5-year period in Atahualpa residents aged ≥60 years were identified from overlapping sources. Tests for equality of survivor functions were used to estimate differences between observed and expected deaths for each covariate investigated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate Kaplan–Meier survival curves of variables reaching significance in univariate analyses. Results: Of 437 individuals enrolled over 5 years, follow-up was achieved in 417 (95%), contributing 1776 years of follow-up (average 4.3 ± 1.3 years). Fifty-one deaths were detected, for an overall cumulative 5-year mortality rate of 12.2% (8.9%–15.6%). Being older than 70 years of age, having poor physical activity, edentulism, and history of a nonfatal stroke were related to mortality in univariate analyses. A fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards model showed that having history of a nonfatal stroke (P = 0.024) and being older than 70 years of age (P = 0.031) independently predicted mortality. In contrast, obesity was inversely correlated with mortality (P = 0.047). Conclusions: A nonfatal stroke and increasing age increase the risk of all-cause mortality in inhabitants of a remote rural village. The body mass index is inversely related to death (obesity paradox).
A new strategy for resolution of singularities in the monomial case in positive characteristic
Authors: Kawanoue Hiraku , Matsuki Kenji 
Published: August 2018

According to our approach for resolution of singularities in positive characteristic (called the
idealistic filtration program
, IFP for short), the algorithm is divided into the following two steps:

Step 1. Reduction of the general case to the monomial case.
Step 2. Solution in the monomial case.
While we have established Step 1 in arbitrary dimension, Step 2 becomes very subtle and difficult in positive characteristic. This is in clear contrast to the classical setting in characteristic zero, where the solution in the monomial case is quite easy. In dimension 3, we provided an invariant, inspired by the work of Benito–Villamayor, which establishes Step 2. In this paper, we propose a new strategy to approach Step 2, and provide a different invariant in dimension 3 based upon this strategy. The new invariant increases from time to time (the well-known Moh–Hauser jumpingphenomenon), while it is then shown to eventually decrease. Since the old invariant strictly decreases after each transformation, this may look like a step backward rather than forward. However, the construction of the new invariant is more faithful to the original philosophy of Villamayor, and we believe that the new strategy has a better fighting chance in higher dimensions.
Wintertime photochemistry in Beijing: observations of ROx radical concentrations in the North China Plain during the BEST-ONE campaign
Authors: Tan Zhaofeng , Rohrer Franz , Lu Keding , Ma Xuefei , Bohn Birger , Broch Sebastian , Dong Huabin , Fuchs Hendrik , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Hofzumahaus Andreas , Holland Frank , Li Xin , Liu Ying , Liu Yuhan , Novelli Anna , Shao Min , Wang Haichao , Wu Yusheng , Zeng Limin , Hu Min , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Wahner Andreas , Zhang Yuanhang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The first wintertime in situ
measurements of hydroxyl (OH), hydroperoxy (HO2) and organic peroxy
(RO2) radicals
(ROx=OH+HO2+RO2) in combination
with observations of total reactivity of OH radicals, kOH in
Beijing are presented. The field campaign “Beijing winter finE particle
STudy – Oxidation, Nucleation and light Extinctions” (BEST-ONE) was
conducted at the suburban site Huairou near Beijing from January to
March 2016. It aimed to understand oxidative capacity during wintertime and
to elucidate the secondary pollutants' formation mechanism in the North China
Plain (NCP). OH radical concentrations at noontime ranged from 2.4×106cm-3 in severely polluted air (kOH∼27s-1) to 3.6×106cm-3 in relatively clean
air (kOH∼5s-1). These values are nearly 2-fold
larger than OH concentrations observed in previous winter campaigns in
Birmingham, Tokyo, and New York City. During this campaign, the total primary
production rate of ROx radicals was dominated by the
photolysis of nitrous acid accounting for 46 % of the identified primary
production pathways for ROx radicals. Other important
radical sources were alkene ozonolysis (28 %) and photolysis of
oxygenated organic compounds (24 %). A box model was used to simulate the
OH, HO2 and RO2 concentrations based on the observations
of their long-lived precursors. The model was capable of reproducing the
observed diurnal variation of the OH and peroxy radicals during clean days
with a factor of 1.5. However, it largely underestimated HO2 and
RO2 concentrations by factors up to 5 during pollution episodes.
The HO2 and RO2 observed-to-modeled ratios increased with
increasing NO concentrations, indicating a deficit in our understanding of
the gas-phase chemistry in the high NOx regime. The OH
concentrations observed in the presence of large OH reactivities indicate
that atmospheric trace gas oxidation by photochemical processes can be highly
effective even during wintertime, thereby facilitating the vigorous formation
of secondary pollutants.
Impact of intraseasonal wind bursts on sea surface temperature variability in the far eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean during boreal spring 2005 and 2006: focus on the mid-May 2005 event
Authors: Herbert Gaëlle , Bourlès Bernard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The impact of boreal spring intraseasonal wind bursts on sea surface temperature variability in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean in 2005 and 2006 is investigated using numerical simulation and observations. We especially focus on the coastal region east of 5° E and between the Equator and 7° S that has not been studied in detail so far. For both years, the southerly wind anomalies induced cooling episodes through (i) upwelling processes, (ii) vertical mixing due to the vertical shear of the current, and for some particular events (iii) a decrease in incoming surface shortwave radiation. The strength of the cooling episodes was modulated by subsurface conditions affected by the arrival of Kelvin waves from the west influencing the depth of the thermocline. Once impinging the eastern boundary, the Kelvin waves excited westward-propagating Rossby waves, which combined with the effect of enhanced westward surface currents contributed to the westward extension of the cold water. A particularly strong wind event occurred in mid-May 2005 and caused an anomalous strong cooling off Cape Lopez and in the whole eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean. From the analysis of oceanic and atmospheric conditions during this particular event, it appears that anomalously strong boreal spring wind strengthening associated with anomalously strong Hadley cell activity prematurely triggered the onset of coastal rainfall in the northern Gulf of Guinea, making it the earliest over the 1998–2008 period. No similar atmospheric conditions were observed in May over the 1998–2008 period. It is also found that the anomalous oceanic and atmospheric conditions associated with the event exerted a strong influence on rainfall off northeast Brazil. This study highlights the different processes through which the wind power from the South Atlantic is brought to the ocean in the Gulf of Guinea and emphasizes the need to further document and monitor the South Atlantic region.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Lee Kelvin 
Published: August 2018

Journal of Biology and Life Science (JBLS) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from February 1, 2018 to August 1, 2018. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether JBLS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Anbalagan Jaganathan Anirban MukherjeeBalaji Thas MoorthyGanesh Ambigapathy Hui XiangJayalaxmi SastriMegha WalMELTEM SESLİRam PrasadSreerupa RayTiaojiang XiaoVidisha Bipin RajeZhichao Feng Kelvin LeeEditorial AssistantJournal of Biology and Life Science-------------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825, Las Vegas, Nevada 89108, United StatesTel: 1-702-953-1852 ext.510Fax: 1-702-420-2900E-mail: jbls@macrothink.orgURL: http://jbls.macrothink.org
Volatility Analysis of Stock Returns for Fifteen Listed Banks in Chittagong Stock Exchange
Authors: Rokonuzzaman MD , Hossen Mohammad Akram 
Published: August 2018

The aim of the study is to analyze and prediction of return for 15 popular banks in Chittagong Stock Exchange. The economic development of a country depends largely on the effective performance of stock market. In this study, secondary data from the CSE, Bangladesh with a sample period 1st January 2009 to 27th December 2015 for selected 15 banks, listed in Chittagong Stock Exchange. Descriptive statistics, important graphs, statistical tests, fitted dynamic regression models with ARCH effect are used to complete the analysis. It is found that for all banks, the return occurs high with a high risk and risk is low for the companies with small amount of return. The daily log returns for all companies are almost normally distributed. Checking the stationarity of the log returns data getting from all banks in both graphical and statistical unit root method, time series data are found to be stationary. In the dynamic regression model the log return Yt is considered as dependent variable and the log daily average Xt is considered as independent variable. The average VIF for the returns of all banks are found less than 10, indicate not severity of multicollinearity and ∆Yt , ∆2Yt , ∆Xt , ∆2Xt can be used as the explanatory variables in the model where ∆ indicates the difference operator. Lagrange multiplier (LM) test based on the residuals of the regression model is significant for all the banks implies that the data have the conditional heteroscadisticity in the behavior of their residuals. The line diagrams conferred the complete randomness in Parkinson’s monthly volatility for every company. The log return of six out of 15 banks have significant ARCH effect with 2 period lags and rest of the banks, the log returns have significant ARCH effect with 1 period lag. The regression coefficients of and have the negative effects on and the other coefficients have both positive and negative effect. A modified ARDL (2,2) model is proposed and 1-step ahead forecasted model for different banks are recommended.One can try to estimate the confidence interval for the parameters used in modified model in his/her advanced research. Moreover, the other dynamic models such as GARCH, TGARCH, PARCH, EGARCH model and different dynamic panel data models such as Areonalo bond could be try to predict the data. Moreover, the other multivariate analysis such as canonical correlation analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis can be done for further research on these data.
"La coscienza di Zeno" o la vida por dentro: itinerario contemporáneo de lectura
Authors: De Miguel y Canuto Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2018

Itinerario actualizado de lectura que selecciona las cuestiones críticas que más interés pueden despertar en vísperas del centenario de esta novela de Svevo, texto clave por su modernidad en la historia del género narrativo italiano. Se presta una especial atención a todas las cuestiones estructurales, a los problemas de los niveles narrativos, de las voces que se envuelven y se cruzan, del desdoblamiento entre el yo narrador y el yo narrado, al tiempo, etc. Se atiende asimismo al personaje de Zeno y a los temas principales que jalonan el libro, incluido el psicoanálisis. Se propone la palabra creadora (oral) como un tema digno de profundización en el estudio.An up-to-date review of readings that address the critical questions of greatest interest in the build-up to the centenary of this novel of Svevo’s, a key text for its modernity in the history of Italian narrative. Special attention is paid to questions of structure, problems of narrative moments, voices that enwrap and cross, the doubling of the «I» into narrating and narrated forms, time, etc. Emphasis falls also on the character of Zeno and the principal themes that define the book, including psychoanalysis. The (oral) creating word is proposed as an element that would repay further study.
Introgression from Gorilla caused the Human-Chimpanzee split
Authors: Nygren Johan 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT: The Gorilla Genome Project (Scally, 2012) showed that 30% of the gorilla genome introgressed into the ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, and that the two species diverged through lineage sorting with 15% ending up in Pan and another 15% in Homo. That introgression is the Pan-Homo split, hybridization, which led to speciation as the new hybrid lineages became reproductively isolated from one another.
The NUMT on chromosome 5 (“ps5”) (Popadin, 2017) fits perfectly with the introgression speciation model, it was formed from mtDNA that had diverged from the common ancestor of Pan-Homo for 1.8 Myr at the time of insertion into the nuclear genome, and originated in the Gorilla lineage. The ps5 pseudogene was transferred to Pan and Homo during the introgression event that led to the Pan-Homo split, 6 million years ago.
Modelling of the SDF-1/CXCR4 regulated in vivo homing of therapeutic mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in mice
Authors: Jin Wang , Liang Xiaowen , Brooks Anastasia , Futrega Kathryn , Liu Xin , Doran Michael R. , Simpson Matthew J. , Roberts Michael S. , Wang Haolu 
Published: August 2018

Background. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for cell-based therapies in the treatment of tissue injury. The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis plays a significant role in directing MSC homing to sites of injury. However in vivo MSC distribution following intravenous transplantation remains poorly understood, potentially hampering the precise prediction and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
Methods. A murine model of partial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is used to induce liver injury, increase the hepatic levels of SDF-1, and study in vivo MSC distribution. Hypoxia-preconditioning increases the expression of CXCR4 in human bone marrow-derived MSCs. Quantitative assays for human DNA allow us to examine the in vivo kinetics of intravenously infused human MSCs in mouse blood and liver. A mathematical model-based system is developed to characterize in vivo homing of human MSCs in mouse models with SDF-1 levels in liver and CXCR4 expression on the transfused MSCs. The model is calibrated to experimental data to provide novel estimates of relevant parameter values.
Results. Images of immunohistochemistry for SDF-1 in the mouse liver with I/R injury show a significantly higher SDF-1level in the I/R injured liver than that in the control. Correspondingly, the ELISA results illustrate a higher MSC dose in the I/R injured liver than the normal liver. CXCR4 is overexpressed in hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs. An increased number of hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs in the I/R injured liver is observed from the ELISA results. The model simulations align with the experimental data of control and hypoxia-preconditioned human MSC distribution in normal and injured mouse livers, and accurately predict the experimental outcomes with different MSC doses.
Discussion. The modelling results suggest that SDF-1 in organs is an effective in vivo attractant for MSCs through the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and reveals the significance of the SDF-1/CXCR4 chemotaxis on in vivo homing of MSCs, especially under hypoxic preconditioning. The impact of the liver and MSC conditions on passive homing is small. This in vivo modelling approach allows qualitative characterization and prediction of the MSC homing to normal and injured organs on the basis of clinically accessible variables, such as the MSC dose and SDF-1 concentration in blood. This model could also be adapted to abnormal conditions and/or other types of circulating cells to predict in vivo homing patterns.
REGULASI DIRI PADA PENYAKIT KRONIS - SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS : KAJIAN LITERATUR
Authors: Fatmawati Atikah 
Published: August 2018

AbstrakPenyakit Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) adalah salah satu penyakit yang terkait dengan sistem imun. Penyakit SLE masih tergolong penyakit yang awam di Indonesia. Banyak faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya kasus SLE di Indonesia, antara lain belum terpenuhinya kebutuhan pasien dan keluarganya tentang informasi, pendidikan, dan dukungan yang terkait dengan SLE. Hal ini diperlukan agar pasien mudah dalam penanganan penyakit terkait. Artikel dikumpulkan melalui database elektronik CINAHL, ScienceDirect, dan Proquest menggunakan kata kunci manajemen diri, sistemik lupus erythemathosus, kelelahan, dan depresi. Kriteria inklusi adalah penelitian terhadap jurnal yang diterbitkan pada periode antara tahun 2008-2017. Upaya mengurangi efek negatif penyakit kronis mutlak diperlukan. Salah satunya adalah penerapan program manajemen diri pada pasien SLE. Telah terbukti bahwa penerapan manajemen diri memiliki efek dalam mengurangi kelelahan dan depresi, dan meningkatkan keterampilan mengatasi dan efikasi diri. Pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang program keperawatan yang relevan dalam pengelolaan penyakit kronis harus dikembangkan dalam lingkup praktik dan penelitian. Oleh karena itu, partisipasi aktif pasien dan keluarga merupakan komponen penting dalam keberhasilan program pengobatan. Kata kunci : depresi, kelelahan, manajemen diri, regulasi diri, dan sistemik lupus erythemathosus Abstract Self Regulation in Chronic Illness - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Literature Review. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is one of the diseases that associated with immune system. SLE is still classified as a disease that lay in Indonesia. Many factors that cause this disease are not detected, one of which has not fulfilled the needs of patients and family of information, education, and support that is associated with SLE. This is necessary to enable the patient in self-management related illness. Articles were collected through electronic databases CINAHL, Science Direct, and ProQuest using keywords self-management, systemic lupus erythematosus, fatigue, and depression. The inclusion criteria were studies to journals published in the period between the years 2008-2017. Efforts to reduce the negative effects of chronic disease is absolutely necessary. One is the application of self-management program in patients with SLE. It has been proven that the application has an effect in reducing fatigue and depression, and increasing coping skills and self-efficacy. Knowledge and understanding of relevant nursing programs in chronic disease self-management should be developed within the scope of practice and research. So that the active participation of the patient and family is an important component in the success of a treatment program. Keywords : depression, fatigue, self management, self regulation, and systemic lupus erythemathos
Eocene Western European endemic genus Thaumastosaurus: new insights into the question “Are the Ranidae known prior to the Oligocene?”
Authors: Vasilyan Davit 
Published: August 2018

Background
Amphibians, due to their ecophysiological peculiarities, have a physiology dependent on environmental conditions and sensitively respond to their changes. Here, the oldest record of the genus Thaumastosaurus is described, whose fossil record known exclusively from Western Europe is discussed in the scope of the climatic changes of 33.5–40.5 Ma.

Results
In the present paper, the fossil remains of the genus from three localities in Switzerland (11 samples overall) have been studied and referred to the species Thaumastosaurus bottii. Its stratigraphic distribution has been revised and summarised. The studied localities present the stratigraphically oldest and the most eastern occurrences of the genus Thaumastosaurus. Eocene probable ranids (Ranidae indet./Rana sp./? Rana sp.) from Europe could be referred to Thaumastosaurus.

Discussion
Their first occurrence of ranids most likely coincides with a warm phase of the global climate at 40 Ma, as tropical conditions were prevailing in Europe. As a result of the gradual cooling of the global climate, the tropical conditions in Europe were replaced by drier open habitats towards the latest Eocene at 34 Ma, when the latest occurrence of the European endemic genus Thaumastosaurus is known. Taking the fossil record and the climate evolution of that time into account, it can be concluded that Thaumastosaurus represents one of the groups among the vertebrates that disappeared during the large extinction event at the Eo–Oligocene transition, known as the Grande Coupure. The fossil finds of the genus from the studied localities allow to refer the previously suggested Eocene true frogs to the genus Thaumastosaurus, hereby stating the arrival of the true frog family Ranidae by the genus Pelophylax in Europe from the east at the earliest Oligocene.
Prognostic Impact of Perineural Invasion in Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kim Chang Hyun , Yeom Seung‐Seop , Lee Soo Young , Kim Hyeong Rok , Kim Young Jin , Lee Kyung Hwa , Lee Jae Hyuk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPerineural invasion (PNI) has emerged as an important factor related to colorectal cancer spread; however, the impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) on PNI remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the prognostic value of PNI, along with lymphovascular invasion (LVI), in rectal cancer patients treated with nCRT.MethodsThis single‐center observational study of pathologic variables, including PNI and LVI, analyzed 1411 invasive rectal cancer patients (965 and 446 patients treated with primary resection and nCRT, respectively).ResultsThe overall detection rates of LVI and PNI were 16.7 and 28.8%, respectively. The incidence of LVI was significantly lower in patients treated with nCRT (8.1 vs. 20.6%, P < .001); this was confirmed by multivariate analysis. However, PNI was not affected by nCRT (with nCRT 28.3% vs. without nCRT 29.1%, P = .786). In the 446 patients with nCRT, multivariate analysis revealed that PNI was an independent prognostic factor for both disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). For the prediction of both 5‐year DFS and OS, the C‐index for the combinations of T‐stage with the PNI (TPNI) system showed favorable result, especially in patients with a total number of harvested lymph nodes <8.ConclusionPNI is a meaningful prognostic factor for rectal cancer patients treated with nCRT, especially when <8 lymph nodes are harvested. The lack of influence of nCRT on the PNI incidence suggests that residual tumor cells with PNI are more radioresistant or biologically aggressive than those without.