bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences between stance and foot preference evident in Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) fish holding during movement
Authors: Allen Laura L. , Morrison Katie L , Scott Wesley A. E. , Shinn Steve , Haltiner Alan M. , Doherty Michael J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundSkateboarders, snowboarders, and surfers all show stance preferences for which foot is forward while moving. We are unaware of other animals than humans with a stance preference, perhaps excepting Osprey, who fly their caught fish beneath them in a foot‐forward stance. We hypothesize there should be no difference between left foot forward, right foot back (conventional) versus right foot forward left foot back (goofy) stances or for fish holding with unilateral left or right foot. Online, publicly available, convenience images of Osprey catching fish were accessed and assessed by five independent reviewers using different Internet search engines or online photo series. Stance preference and footedness were tested using chi‐square analysis.ResultsStance preferences were evident with the left foot forward (conventional stance) on average 64–78% of the time (all p < 0.02). No difference in foot preference for either one‐foot grabs of fish during flight or for non‐flight nest/perch fish holding was evident.ConclusionFlight stance of Osprey holding fish shows a lateralized preference in a proportion similar to skateboarders of surfers. We discuss stance preferences in the setting of complex movements and potential flight and survival advantages for Osprey.
Bioresorbable polymer‐coated thin strut sirolimus‐eluting stent vs durable polymer‐coated everolimus‐eluting stent in daily clinical practice: Propensity matched one‐year results from interventional cardiology network registry
Authors: Gasior Pawel , Gierlotka Marek , Szczurek‐Katanski Krzysztof , Osuch Marcin , Gnot Roman , Hawranek Michał , Gasior Mariusz , Polonski Lech 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to determine the 1‐year clinical follow‐up in patients treated with the thin strut (71 μm) bioabsorbable polymer‐coated sirolimus‐eluting stent (BP‐SES) vs durable coating everolimus eluting stent (DP‐EES) in daily clinical routine.BackgroundPresence of durable polymers may be associated with late/very late stent thrombosis occurrence and the need for prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy. Bioabsorbable polymers may facilitate stent healing, thus enhancing clinical safety.MethodsInterventional Cardiology Network Registry is a prospective, multicenter, observational registry of 21,400 consecutive patients treated with PCI since 2010. We analyzed 4,670 patients treated with either a BP‐SES (ALEX, Balton, Poland) or DP‐EES (XIENCE, Abbott, USA) with available 1‐year clinical follow‐up using propensity‐score matching. Outcomes included target vessel revascularization (TVR) as efficacy outcome and all cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and definite/probable stent thrombosis as safety outcomes.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, 1,649 patients treated with BP‐SES and 1,649 patients treated with DP‐EES were selected. Procedural and clinical characteristics were similar between both groups. There was no significant difference between tested groups in in‐hospital mortality. One‐year follow‐up demonstrated comparable efficacy outcome, TVR (BP‐SES 5.9% vs DP‐EES 4.6% P = 0.45), as well as comparable safety outcomes, all cause death, MI and definite/probable stent thrombosis.ConclusionsIn this multicenter registry, the BP‐SES thin strut biodegradable polymer‐coated sirolimus‐eluting stent demonstrated comparable clinical outcomes at 1‐year after implantation to the DP‐EES. These data support the relative safety and efficacy of DP‐SES in a broad range of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
Membranous or membranous‐like GN: A case report of massive proteinuria, positive serum with negative PLA2R on biopsy
Authors: Kaur Gurwant , Chen Guoli 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageThis case report represents primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) with positive serum anti‐PLA2R antibodies, 2+ positivity for IgG4 on immunofluorescence with routine fresh‐frozen sections and negative PLA2R stain on biopsy. He was treated as primary MGN based on positive serum PLA2R and the absence of clinical symptoms or signs suggestive of any secondary MGN.
Analysis of insulin and insulin analogs from dried blood spots by means of liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Thomas Andreas , Thevis Mario 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhile dried blood spot (DBS) analysis concerning low molecular mass molecules has become more and more established in various fields of analytical chemistry, the utility of DBS in determining peptides and proteins from DBS is yet comparably limited. In consideration of the fact that the apparent benefits of DBS sampling are similar for analytes of lower and higher molecular mass, dedicated (non‐generic) sample preparation procedures are required that meet the needs for detecting peptidic drugs and hormones in DBS. The analysis of insulin and its synthetic analogs by mass spectrometry has received increased attention in several fields such as doping controls, forensics, and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics studies. Hence, a strategy facilitating the analysis of insulin and its synthetic or animal analogs (human, Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine, Glargine, Detemir, Tresiba, and porcine and bovine insulin) from DBS was developed. The successful analysis of these substances at physiologically relevant concentrations was realized after ultrasonication‐assisted extraction, immunoaffinity purification, and liquid chromatographic separation followed by high resolution mass spectrometric detection (with or without ion mobility). Assay validation demonstrated adequate sensitivity (LOD 0.5 ng/mL for most insulins), as well as precise (< 25%) and reproducible results for all included target insulins. Additionally, proof‐of‐principle data were obtained by the analysis of DBS samples obtained from healthy volunteers in non‐fasting state as well as a sample from a diabetic volunteer treated with the fast acting analog insulin Aspart.
Closing the Academic and Equity Gaps: How Achieving the Dream Redefined Assessment
Authors: Torres Vasti , Hagedorn Linda Serra , Heacock Laurie T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis chapter will demonstrate how Achieving the Dream, a nonprofit leader of a national reform network of community colleges and open‐access universities, uses assessment to guide institutions toward a culture of evidence, equity and continuous improvement to improve student success.
Inside Cover: Hierarchical deep convolutional neural networks combine spectral and spatial information for highly accurate Raman‐microscopy‐based cytopathology (J. Biophotonics 10/2018)
Authors: Krauß Sascha D. , Roy Raphael , Yosef Hesham K. , Lechtonen Tatjana , El‐Mashtoly Samir F. , Gerwert Klaus , Mosig Axel 
Published: October 2018

The image displays the construction of the first layers of a deep convolutional neural network for classifying Raman microscopic images of urotheleal cells as either cancerous or normal. The input layer is obtained by the intensity images of two selected wavenumbers, indicated as red and green, respectively. Deeper layers are constructed by convolution operations indicated in the yellow box. The final layer (not shown) will distinguish the two cell types.Further details can be found in the article by Sascha D. Krauß, Raphael Roy, Hesham K. Yosef, et al. (e201800022)
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Rapid prediction of chlorophylls and carotenoids content in tea leaves under different levels of nitrogen application based on hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Wang Yujie , Hu Xin , Jin Ge , Hou Zhiwei , Ning Jingming , Zhang Zhengzhu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhotosynthetic pigments perform critical physiological functions in tea plants. Their content is an essential indicator of photosynthetic efficiency and nutritional status. The present study aimed to predict chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll (total Chl), and carotenoid (Car) content in tea leaves under different levels of nitrogen treatment using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in combination with variable selection algorithms.RESULTSA total of 150 samples were collected and scanned using the HSI system. The mean spectrum in the region of interest (ROI) was extracted, and the pigment content was measured by traditional chemical methods. Five and seven optimal wavelengths (OWs) were selected using the regression coefficients (RCs) of partial least squares regression (PLSR) and the second‐derivative (2‐Der), respectively. The optimal 2‐Der‐PLSR models for Chl a, Chl b, total Chl, and Car performed remarkably well based on seven OWs with correlation coefficients of prediction (RP) of 0.9337, 0.9322, 0.9333 and 0.9036, root mean square errors in prediction (RMSEP) of 0.1100, 0.0511, 0.1620, and 0.0300 mg g‐1, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study revealed that HSI combined with variable selection method can be employed as a rapid and accurate method for predicting the content of pigments in tea plants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Measurements of the Superior Vena Cava for Predicting Fluid Responsiveness in Patients Undergoing Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
Authors: Cheng Zhi , Yang Qian‐qian , Zhu Pin , Feng Ji‐ying , Zhang Xiao‐bao , Zhao Zhi‐bin 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesPreoperative fasting, water deprivation, and intraoperative fluid loss and redistribution result in hypovolemia in patients undergoing surgery. Some findings have indicated that the superior vena cava (SVC) diameter and variation, as determined by transesophageal echocardiography during surgery, do not reflect central venous pressure effectively. This study aimed to compare and correlate the SVC diameter and variation with the stroke volume variation for predicting fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing invasive positive pressure ventilation.MethodsThirty‐six patients scheduled for elective gastrointestinal surgery under general anesthesia with invasive positive pressure ventilation were included in this study. After anesthesia induction, the stroke volume variation, SVC diameter, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and pulse were recorded, and measurements after fluid challenge were recorded as well. The SVC variation was calculated before and after the fluid challenge.ResultsAfter the fluid challenge, the SVC diameter markedly increased, whereas the SVC variation and stroke volume variation significantly decreased (P < .05). The optimal cutoff value for the SVC variation was 21.1%, and the area under the curve (AUC) from a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 0.849. The optimal cutoff value for the minimal SVC diameter was 1.135 cm, and that AUC was 0.929. In addition, the optimal cutoff value for the maximal SVC diameter was 1.480 cm, and the AUC was 0.862.ConclusionsThe minimal SVC diameter may be an effective indicator for predicting fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing invasive positive pressure ventilation.
Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus isolates from bovine mastitis in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Dorneles Elaine M. S. , Fonseca Mariana D. A. M. , Abreu Juliana A. P. , Lage Andrey P. , Brito Maria A. V. P. , Pereira Carine R. , Brandão Humberto M. , Guimarães Alessandro S. , Heinemann Marcos B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aims of this study were to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and genetic diversity of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dairy cows in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to assess the relationship among the isolates’ susceptibility profiles and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes. Seventy‐nine isolates were used, including S. aureus (n = 71) and coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS) (n = 8). Susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents was performed. All Staphylococcus spp. were subjected to PFGE. Staphylococcus aureus and CoNS isolates exhibited full susceptibility only to cephalothin. The greatest percentages of resistance among Staphylococcus spp. were observed to penicillins, folate pathway inhibitors, and tetracyclines. Twelve S. aureus and four CoNS were classified as multidrug resistance strains. Percentage of MRSA was also higher among CoNS (75%), compared to S. aureus isolates (2.81%). Adopting 100% of similarity, 34 different genotypes were identified. Association of minimum‐spanning tree (MST) analysis with data from municipalities, herds, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and resistance patterns for all isolates did not show any clustering. However, a clustering pattern of bacterial species was observed. Results from this study indicate a high frequency of antimicrobial resistance, especially among CoNS, and a high genetic diversity among Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dairy cows with mastitis in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Dual band slotted transparent resonator for wireless local area network applications
Authors: Desai Arpan , Upadhyaya Trushit , Palandoken Merih 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a transparent dual‐band antenna having a size of λ/4 × λ/4 mm2 at the lower resonance frequency of 2.4 GHz is proposed. Antenna operates at the frequency band of 2.47 GHz and 5.32 GHz, respectively. The resonator geometry is in the form of a modified slotted split ring resonator with the extended slot line sections at the split ends. AgHT‐8 conductive oxide material is used for the radiating element and ground plane of the antenna. Optically transparent borosilicate glass having a dielectric constant of 7.75 with 2 mm thickness is used as the substrate material to achieve the optical transparency. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna in the lower and higher frequency bands is 8.3% (2.34 GHz‐2.54 GHz) and 2.4% (5.26 GHz‐5.4 GHz), making the proposed transparent antenna suitable for dual‐band WLAN applications.
Graphene‐based dual‐band antenna in the millimeter‐wave band
Authors: Luo Yanbin , Yan Xin , Zeng Qingsheng , Zhang Jinnan , Zhang Xia , Li Bang , Lu Qichao , Ren Xiaomin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA graphene‐based dual‐band millimeter‐wave antenna is demonstrated. The antenna is fabricated on a high‐resistivity Si substrate covered with SiO2. A monolayer graphene is transferred onto the SiO2 and acts as the antenna radiator. The antenna works at 28.1 GHz and 37.4 GHz, with return loss less than −10 dB. By applying DC bias, the return loss at the two bands exhibits regular variations. The change mechanism of the return loss is also analyzed. Particularly, this work approves the potential of the graphene in the millimeter‐wave band by theory and experiments, which could advance graphene for real world applications.
Transparent antenna using a μ‐metal mesh on the quarter glasses of an automotive for DMB service receiving
Authors: Lee Ju Hyong , Lee Sang Heun , Kim Dongjin , Jung Chang Won 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study aims to design a transparent antenna that operates at a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) service band (174‐216 MHz) for an automotive (Hyundai K5). The transparent antenna designed on the quarter glasses located on both sides of an automotive to avoid space limitation typically placed in a roof‐mounted shark‐fin. Moreover, the use of a micro‐metal mesh film (μ‐MMF) enables the antenna to minimize visual perception and size consideration through its transparency. Two types of transparent antennas (inverted F antenna; Case1 and top‐loading inverted F; Case 2) are designed, fabricated, and measured. The transparent antennas have an average peak gain of 13.2 dBi for the inverted F antenna and 12.54 dBi for the top‐loading inverted F in the overall DMB service band. The receiving RF power (dBm) of the antenna on the quarter glasses is compared for the reliability of the signal reception in two separate locations. The power level has a difference of less than 3 dBm by location and direction.
Performance enhancement of mobile antenna by ground decomposition
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Shin Hyunwoong , Kim Min‐gi , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe propose a ground decomposition method (GDM) to improve the performance of mobile antennas. In the GDM, overall ground impedance is analyzed as the combination of independent decomposed ground parts. In a proposed design, the overall ground mode resonance is tuned by adjusting the impedance of a flexible printed circuit board, which is decomposed according to GDM. This greatly improves the radiation performance, as verified through simulation and measurement. This proposed method is effective for mobile antenna design, and especially for actual devices that have very complicated ground configurations.
Redesign of the Laplacian kernel for improvements in conductivity imaging using MRI
Authors: Shin Jaewook , Kim Jun‐Hyeong , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo develop an electrical property tomography reconstruction method that achieves improvements over standard method by redesigning the Laplacian kernel.Theory and MethodsA decomposition property of the governing PET equation shows the possibility of redesigning the Laplacian kernel for conductivity reconstruction. Hence, the discrete Laplacian operator used for electrical property tomography reconstruction is redesigned to have a Gaussian‐like envelope, which enables manipulation of the spatial and spectral response. The characteristics of the proposed kernel are investigated through numerical simulations and in vivo brain experiments.ResultsThe proposed method reduces textured noise, which hampers observing features of the conductivity image. Furthermore, the proposed scheme can mitigate the propagation of local phase error such as flow‐induced phase. By doing so, the proposed method can recover feature information in conductivity (or resistivity) images. Lastly, the proposed kernel can be extended to other electrical property tomography reconstructions, improving the quality of images.ConclusionAn alternative design of the Laplacian kernel for conductivity imaging has been developed to mitigate the textured noise and the propagation of local phase artifact.
Target‐site mutation accumulation among ALS inhibitor‐resistant Palmer amaranth
Authors: Singh Shilpa , Singh Vijay , Salas‐Perez Reiofeli A , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V , Lawton‐Rauh Amy , Roma‐Burgos Nilda 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPalmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats) is one of the most common and troublesome weeds in the USA. Palmer amaranth resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors is widespread in the USA, as in Arkansas. The cross‐resistance patterns and mechanism of resistance are not known. Experiments were conducted to determine cross‐resistance to ALS inhibitors and identify target‐site mutations in 20 Palmer amaranth localities from 13 counties in Arkansas.RESULTSAll Palmer amaranth localities tested had plants cross‐resistant to imazethapyr, flumetsulam, primisulfuron, pyrithiobac and trifloxysulfuron. The dose of trifloxysulfuron that caused 50% control was 21–56‐fold greater for resistant accessions than for susceptible ones. All but three resistant plants analyzed had one or two relative copies of ALS; one plant had seven relative copies. All resistant plants tested (18 localities) carried the Trp574Leu mutation, which is known to confer broad resistance to ALS inhibitors, supporting the cross‐resistance pattern observed. Besides the Trp574Leu mutation, 30% of localities had individuals with one additional resistance‐conferring mutation including Ala122Thr, Pro197Ala or Ser653Asn.CONCLUSIONThe Trp574Leu mutation in ALS is the primary mechanism of resistance to ALS inhibitors in Palmer amaranth from Arkansas, USA. In some localities, multiple mutations have accumulated in one plant. All localities tested contained plants with resistance to five families of ALS inhibitors. Localities with extremely high resistance to ALS inhibitors, and those outside the subset we studied, may harbor non‐target site resistance mechanisms. ALS inhibitors are generally no longer effective on Palmer amaranth in these localities from the US mid‐south. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Reliability analysis of structures based on a probability‐uncertainty hybrid model
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Jianguo , You Lingfei , Zhou Shuang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe traditional reliability analysis method based on probabilistic method requires probability distributions of all the uncertain parameters. However, in practical applications, the distributions of some parameters may not be precisely known due to the lack of sufficient sample data. The probabilistic theory cannot directly measure the reliability of structures with epistemic uncertainty, ie, subjective randomness and fuzziness. Hence, a hybrid reliability analysis (HRA) problem will be caused when the aleatory and epistemic uncertainties coexist in a structure. In this paper, by combining the probability theory and the uncertainty theory into a chance theory, a probability‐uncertainty hybrid model is established, and a new quantification method based on the uncertain random variables for the structural reliability is presented in order to simultaneously satisfy the duality of random variables and the subadditivity of uncertain variables; then, a reliability index is explored based on the chance expected value and variance. Besides, the formulas of the chance theory‐based reliability and reliability index are derived to uniformly assess the reliability of structures under the hybrid aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. The numerical experiments illustrate the validity of the proposed method, and the results of the proposed method can provide a more accurate assessment of the structural system under the mixed uncertainties than the ones obtained separately from the probability theory and the uncertainty theory.
Methods in Palynology
Authors: Halbritter Heidemarie , Ulrich Silvia , Grímsson Friðgeir , Weber Martina , Zetter Reinhard , Hesse Michael , Buchner Ralf , Svojtka Matthias , Frosch-Radivo Andrea 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMultiple methods and techniques should be used when investigating pollen grains in order to provide comprehensive and accurate information about pollen morphology and ultrastructure (see also “Misinterpretations in Palynology”). The preparation methods used depend on the material to be studied, if the pollen grains are to be obtained from recent flower material (herbarium sheets, newly collected) or from various sedimentary rocks, sediments or soils (fossil to subfossil pollen). Recent and fossil pollen grains are easily studied using both LM and SEM, but recent pollen grains are also more often studied using TEM.