bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity, depression and hip pain
Authors: Schwarze Martin , Häuser Winfried , Schmutzer Gabriele , Brähler Elmar , Beckmann Nicholas A. , Schiltenwolf Marcus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionUp to 64% of the general population reports experiencing chronic pain, with the hip being one of the most frequent sites. An association has been shown between chronic back pain, obesity and depression. To date, a similar association has not been investigated with chronic hip pain.MethodsA total of 2,515 subjects were chosen as a representative cross‐section of the German population. Each was provided with a questionnaire that included the Regional Pain Scale, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐C30), Beck Depression Inventory–Primary Care and Winkler social class index. Participant height and weight values were obtained from self‐reports. Using logistic regression methodology, we analysed the association between hip pain, obesity and increased depression scores.ResultsA total of 124 (4.9%) subjects reported chronic hip pain and an additional 39 (1.5%) reported chronic hip pain that was disabling. Hip pain affected 1–5 sites (oligolocular) in 47% of cases, and was widespread (6–19 sites) in 50%. Obesity and increased values on the depression scale were associated with an increased likelihood of chronic hip pain (odds ratio [OR] 2.55 and 8.53, respectively) compared with subjects without pain. Increased values on the depression scale (OR 28.22) increased the likelihood of experiencing disabling chronic hip pain in comparison with pain free individuals.ConclusionsHip pain is rarely the sole site of pain. Obesity and increased values on the depression scale are associated with chronic hip pain. Increased values on the depression scale are associated with disabling chronic hip pain.
Phrenic Nerve Conduction in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Vincent Marjolaine , Court‐Fortune Isabelle , Costes Frédéric , Antoine Jean‐Christophe , Camdessanché Jean‐Philippe 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Assessment of diaphragm compound muscle action potential by noninvasive phrenic nerve stimulation at the neck is well described. However, normal values in a large cohort of healthy subjects are lacking. Our objective was to determine reference values of phrenic nerve conduction in healthy subjects. Methods: We recruited 155 healthy subjects (25–79 years old) and measured mean amplitude (PhrenAmp) and latency (PhrenLat) of motor responses according to Bolton's method. Results: The lower limit for PhrenAmp was 0.28 and 0.25 mV and the upper limit for PhrenLat was 8.41 and 8.56 ms for right and left side, respectively. PhrenLat was correlated with age. PhrenAmp, PhrenLat and area were significantly higher in men. Tolerance to phrenic nerve stimulation was excellent. Conclusions: Our study provides normative values of phrenic nerve motor responses in a large cohort of healthy subjects and identifies age and sex as factors of variation. Muscle Nerve 59:451–456, 2019
Concurrent shape and topology optimization involving design‐dependent pressure loads using implicit B‐spline curves
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zhang Weihong , Zhu Jihong 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis work develops a concurrent shape and topology optimization method to solve the design problems of which the pressure loads are applied on designable boundaries. Implicit B‐spline curves including open B‐spline and closed B‐spline are introduced in the form of level‐set functions to act as common design primitives for the description of both moving pressure boundary and inner topology boundaries of a structure. Boolean operations are applied to describe mathematically the shape and topology variations. An artificial nondesignable offset domain of small bandwidth is introduced along the moving pressure boundary to ensure reasonably the imposition of pressure loads on solid materials. The pressure loads are numerically discretized onto the control nodes of finite cell method used for structural analysis with fixed mesh. Sensitivities of design‐dependent pressure loads with respect to both shape and topology design variables are explicitly derived. Numerical problems are finally solved to illustrate the presented method.
A survey on patients' characteristics, perception of family support and diabetes self‐management among type 2 diabetes patients in South‐West Nigeria
Authors: Ojewale Lucia Y. , Oluwatosin Abimbola O. , Fasanmade Adesoji A. , Odusan Olatunde 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the association between patients' characteristics, perception of family support and diabetes self‐management (DSM) behaviours among type 2 diabetes patients.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional design was used and data were collected between July–September 2016. The study is part of a larger quasi‐experimental study.MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐seven diabetes mellitus (DM) patients from two teaching hospitals in south‐west Nigeria participated. Questionnaire was used in collecting information on sociodemographic, clinical data, DSM and perception of family support.ResultsMost (71.6%) of the participants were females and 35% were on insulin therapy. Mean age was 60.7 (SD: 11.3) years and 11.7% had had DM for over 20 years. Overall, DSM was positively influenced by previous diabetes education and duration of diabetes. Perception of family support was also positively associated with and influenced DSM.
Biculturalism in couple support for diabetes care in U.S.‐born Chinese Americans
Authors: Chesla Catherine A. , Chun Kevin M. , Kwan Christine M. L. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTSupport in couples living with type 2 diabetes is associated with better health outcomes but support provision in collectivistic cultures has received limited research attention. To address this gap, we focused on couple dynamics and support in type 2 diabetes in U.S.‐born Chinese Americans. Acculturation processes, particularly biculturalism, that is, the capacity to enact habits and practices from both the heritage and U.S. mainstream culture, were explored. Employing interpretive phenomenological methods, we conducted multiple narrative interviews with each of 15 couples regarding illness challenges and couple responses. Interviews were conducted in varied contexts, including with the couple, and in group interviews with people with diabetes or spouses. The unit of analysis was the couple, and narrative themes within the text were explored within the context of holistic couple summaries. We identified three key aspects of couple support: (i) Assisting with the diabetes treatment regimen; (ii) Moderating social and contextual factors that impede diabetes care; and (iii) Providing relational care and empathy for living with this challenging chronic condition. Support reflecting cultural maintenance of Chinese beliefs and practices include other directedness, family centeredness, and concerns for harmony and balance. Bicultural support patterns were also apparent in spousal communication that was both indirect and direct, and relationships marked by both interdependence and respect for independence or autonomy, reflecting both Chinese and U.S. cultural orientations, respectively. Working clinically with second and third generation Chinese immigrants requires clinical assessment of and responsiveness to couples’ acculturation levels and bicultural skills.
The Punjab Revenue Authority: Meeting the challenges of a new institution
Authors: Raudla Ringa , Bashir Mohsin , Douglas James W. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryNew institutions generally face many challenges that can inhibit their ability to succeed. The institutionalist literature can serve as a guide, informing important actors of the challenges they are likely to face when founding a new institution. We examine the Punjab Revenue Authority (PRA) in Pakistan to assess the extent to which the challenges posited by the various streams of institutionalism surfaced as real problems that leaders in Punjab Province had to deal with when establishing the PRA. We found that rational choice institutionalism, historical institutionalism, and sociological institutionalism all identified problems that the PRA had to address. We conclude that the PRA's early successes are a function of its ability to navigate these challenges effectively.
Local Labor Demand and Program Participation Dynamics: Evidence from New York SNAP Administrative Records
Authors: Scherpf Erik , Cerf Benjamin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study estimates the effect of local labor demand on the likelihood that Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) beneficiaries are able to transition out of the program. Our data include SNAP administrative records from New York (2007 to 2012), linked at the person‐level to the 2010 Census, and linked at the county‐month‐level to industry‐specific labor market conditions. We find that local labor markets matter for the length of time spent on SNAP, but there is substantial heterogeneity in estimated effects across local industries. Using Bartik‐style instruments to isolate the effect of labor demand and controlling for the changing composition of entrants and program rules brought on by the Great Recession, we find that fluctuations in labor demand in industries with high shares of SNAP participants—especially food service and retail—change the likelihood of exiting the program. Notably, estimated industry effects vary across race and parental status, with black participants being most sensitive to changes in local labor market conditions and mothers benefiting less from growth in local labor demand than fathers and non‐parents. We confirm that our results are not driven by endogenous inter‐county mobility or New York City labor markets and are robust to multiple specifications.
Ethical issues in the care of adolescent and young adult oncology patients
Authors: Sisk Bryan A. , Canavera Kristin , Sharma Akshay , Baker Justin N. , Johnson Liza‐Marie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe diagnosis and treatment of cancer leads to short‐term and long‐term challenges for every patient. This is especially true for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer who strive to gain independence, autonomy, confidence, and social status while developing into adulthood. In this article, we review prominent ethical issues in AYA oncology that are related to autonomy, shared decision‐making, care refusal or abandonment, end‐of‐life care, truth telling, and fertility preservation. Clinicians should recognize that AYA patients develop at their own pace; the onus lies with clinicians to determine the patient's interests, values, maturity, and desire to participate in decision‐making.
The impact on Australian women of lack of choice of breast reconstruction options: A qualitative study
Authors: Flitcroft Kathy L. , Brennan Meagan E. , Spillane Andrew J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany studies have demonstrated the positive impact of breast reconstruction (BR) on women following mastectomy for breast cancer. However, women's preferences for BR are not always considered by surgeons prior to mastectomy. The aim of this research is threefold: to document the negative impact lack of choice has had on some Australian women; to explore potential reasons for the absence of informed discussion; and to develop a prompt list of discussion topics to aid informed decision making.MethodsThis research is part of a larger study using semistructured telephone or face‐to‐face interviews with women with breast cancer, surgeons, and health professionals to explore ways of improving access to BR. This article focuses on responses from all 22 women who reported negative BR experiences and seven of 31 surgeons who had made comments relevant to limiting BR discussion and choice.ResultsThe impact of a lack of information or choice at the time of mastectomy was often extreme and long‐term. Breast surgeons are the gate keepers to accessing BR but too often appeared to limit women's choices. Interviews revealed cases where BR was not offered prior to mastectomy, even though it was available locally; where BR was not available locally, but patients were not informed about BR options available in other locations; where only delayed BR options were discussed; and where the type of BR being offered did not match patient preferences.ConclusionWe have suggested essential BR discussion points to be raised with all clinically eligible women interested in considering BR.
From synthetic control to natural products: a focus on N‐heterocycles
Authors: Prandi Cristina , Occhiato Ernesto G 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTNatural products containing a N‐heterocycle motif are widespread in nature and medicinal plants, in particular, have proved to be a source of almost unlimited N‐derived structures with high molecular diversity. Because of their intrinsic potential for use in both biomedical and agricultural applications, there is a general need for new compounds and for the synthesis of ‘natural‐inspired’ analogues. Importantly, transition of a natural product from discovery to a ‘market lead’ is associated with an increasingly challenging demand for more of the compound, which cannot be met by isolation from natural plant sources, often due to low extraction yields and uneven availability of the plant source itself. Synthesis remains the most reliable approach to provide valuable products for the market. In this review, a comprehensive overview of our contribution to synthetic access to N‐derived natural products is given. Major strengths of the proposed methodologies are discussed critically. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Study design aspects and inter‐subject variability in longitudinal clinical phase II dose‐finding trials
Authors: Kennes Lieven Nils , Volkers Gisela , Kralidis Georg 
Published: January 2019

SummaryMCP‐Mod has been proposed as analysis method for investigating the dose‐response (DR) relationship and dose finding in clinical Phase II trials. The original methodology as well as several generalizations are well accepted by Health Authorities. In this paper, we investigate the application of the generalized MCP‐Mod approach in chronic pain, a challenging therapeutic area with primary endpoints based on patient reported outcomes, repeatedly measured over time, with high inter‐subject variability and potentially high premature discontinuation rates. In a simulation study, we investigate the impact of several study design factors on the ability to establish proof of concept, to derive information on the functional DR relationship, and to estimate target doses of interest (eg, ED80). Furthermore, different methods to derive confidence intervals for the target doses of interest are compared regarding their coverage rates and widths. Proof of concept is well established by MCP‐Mod even in longitudinal trials with high inter‐subject variability. While the most reasonable DR model is also selected in most cases, estimated target doses and their bootstrap confidence intervals have to be treated with some caution, if trial data are strongly affected by individual heterogeneity as observed in two recent chronic pain trials. We describe encountered challenges and provide recommendations for designing future dose ranging longitudinal trials with high inter‐subject variability under model uncertainty.
Rotavirus VP6 as a potential vaccine candidate
Authors: Afchangi Atefeh , Jalilvand Somayeh , Mohajel Nasir , Marashi Sayed Mahdi , Shoja Zabihollah 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBy the age of 5 years, virtually all children have been infected by group A rotavirus (RVA), which is responsible for around half million mortality annually prior to vaccination. Relatively high rate of the morbidity and mortality highlights the necessity of applying preventive procedures particularly in developing countries. Two live attenuated RVA vaccines (Rotarix and RotaTeq) are licensed and now being used in many countries worldwide. Although these vaccines are shown to reduce the mortality up to 50%, several key questions yet remained to answer. Indeed, the licensed RV vaccines were found to be less effective in countries of sub‐Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Therefore, developing next generation RVA vaccines is warranted. VP6 is highly abundant and conserved protein that forms the middle layer of RV particles and was shown to be both antigenic and immunogenic. Although it does not induce neutralizing antibodies, different VP6 preparations were found to induce homologous and cross‐reactive immune responses with partial protection from RVA replication. Although the molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated, VP6‐based RVA vaccine candidates are worthy of further consideration. This review aims to focus on different aspects of VP6 protein and its potentiality for an alternative RV vaccine against RV disease.
Concise Review: Therapeutic Potential of the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Secretome and Extracellular Vesicles for Radiation-Induced Lung Injury: Progress and Hypotheses
Authors: Xu Siguang , Liu Cong , Ji Hong-Long 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication in radiotherapy of thoracic tumors and limits the therapeutic dose of radiation that can be given to effectively control tumors. RILI develops through a complex pathological process, resulting in induction and activation of various cytokines, infiltration by inflammatory cells, cytokine-induced activation of fibroblasts, and subsequent tissue remodeling by activated fibroblasts, ultimately leading to impaired lung function and respiratory failure. Increasing evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may play a main role in modulating inflammation and immune responses, promoting survival and repair of damaged resident cells and enhancing regeneration of damaged tissue through soluble paracrine factors and therapeutic extracellular vesicles. Therefore, the use of the MSC-derived secretome and exosomes holds promising potential for RILI therapy. Here, we review recent progress on the potential mechanisms of MSC therapy for RILI, with an emphasis on soluble paracrine factors of MSCs. Hypotheses on how MSC derived exosomes or MSC-released exosomal miRNAs could attenuate RILI are also proposed. Problems and translational challenges of the therapies based on the MSC-derived secretome and exosomes are further summarized and underline the need for caution on rapid clinical translation. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:344–354
Schiff Bases of 2,5‐Thiophenedicarboxaldehyde as Corrosion Inhibitor for Stainless Steel under Acidic Medium: Experimental, Quantum Chemical and Surface Studies
Authors: Vikneshvaran Sekar , Velmathi Sivan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCorrosion of stainless steel (SS) under acidic medium were studied with and without the presence of N′,N′′′‐(thiophene‐2,5‐diylbis(methanylylidene))di(isonicotinohydrazide) (SS1) and 2,2′‐(thiophene‐2,5‐diylbis(methanylylidene))bis(N‐phenylhydrazinecarbo thioamide) (SS2). Different techniques like weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were employed to demonstrate the corrosion inhibitive behaviour of studied Schiff bases. Results of all the experiments proved that SS2 functions as more convincing inhibitor than SS1 under the studied condition. Corrosion inhibition performance of Schiff base with more sulphur atoms (SS2) against corrosion of SS under acidic medium is comparatively high. Theoretical analysis was further implemented to derive various molecular parameters of the Schiff bases. Energy values of molecular orbitals such as EHOMO, ELUMO and ΔE etc. have provided helpful information regarding electron transfer during adsorption of Schiff bases on stainless steel surface.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds to Saturated Alcohols as Catalyzed by Iridium Complexes of Tricyclic Bioxazoline‐Fused Imidazole‐Derived N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands
Authors: Ramasamy Balasubramaniyam , P Prakasham. A. , Gangwar Manoj Kumar , Ghosh Prasenjit 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA series of chiral iridium(I) (1‐3)e complexes of bioxazoline fused imidazole derived N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands successfully carried out asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of α, β‐unsaturated ketones in good to excellent yields (ca. 36‐91%) and in low enantioselectivites (ca. 5‐31% ee) at 1 mol % of the catalyst (1‐3)e loading in the presence of NaOH as a base in i‐PrOH at 75° C in 3 hours of reaction time. The iridium(I) (1‐3)e complexes were synthesized directly from the bioxazoline fused imidazole derived NHC precursors namely {(3R,7R)‐3,7‐di‐R‐2,3,7,8‐tetrahydrodioxazolo[3,2‐c:3′,2′‐e]imidazol‐4‐ium trifluoromethanesulfonate, R=s‐butyl (1 d), i‐butyl (2 d), i‐propyl (3 d)} by the treatment with {(COD)IrCl}2 (COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) in presence of t‐BuOK as a base at room temperature. The chiral bioxazoline fused imidazole NHC ligand precursors (1‐3)d were synthesized from the commercially available optically pure amino acids by a sequence of reactions without requiring any chiral resolution.
Versatile and Switchable Responsive Properties of a Lanthanide‐Viologen Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Gong Teng , Sui Qi , Li Peng , Meng Xian‐Fu , Zhou Li‐Jiao , Chen Jinquan , Xu Jianhua , Wang Lin , Gao En‐Qing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provide intriguing platforms for the design of responsive materials. It is challenging to mobilize as many components as possible of a MOF to collaboratively accomplish multiple responsive properties. Here, reversible photochromism, piezochromism, hydrochromism, ionochromism, and luminescence modulation of an ionic Eu(III) MOF is reported furnished by cationic electron‐deficient viologen units and exchangeable guest anions. Mechanistically, the extraordinarily versatile responsive properties are owed to electron transfer (ET), charge transfer (CT), and energy transfer, involving viologen as electron acceptor, anion as electron donor, luminescing Eu(III) as energy donor, and anion‐viologen CT complex or ET‐generated radical as energy acceptor (luminescence quencher). Moreover, guest anions and waters provide flexible handles to control the ET‐based responsive properties. Water release/reuptake or exchange with organic solvents can switch on/off the response to light, while reversible anion exchange can disenable or awaken the responses to pressure, light, and water release/reuptake. The impacts of water and anions on ET are justified by the high polarity and hydrogen‐bonding capability of water, the different electron donor strength of anions, and the strong I−‐viologen CT interactions. The rich responsive behaviors have great implications for applications such as pressure sensors, iodide detection, and chemical logic gates.
Locally Controlled Growth of Individual Lambda‐Shaped Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Lutz Christian , Bog Uwe , Loritz Tobias , Syurik Julia , Malik Sharali , Kumar Chethala Neelakandhan Shyam , Kübel Christian , Bruns Michael , Greiner Christian , Hirtz Michael , Hölscher Hendrik 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe locally defined growth of carbon nanofibers with lambda shape in an open flame process is demonstrated. Via the growth time, the geometry of the structures can be tailored to a Λ‐ or λ‐type shape. Microchannel cantilever spotting and dip‐pen nanolithography are utilized for the deposition of catalytic salt NiCl2 · 6H2O for locally controlled growth of lambda‐shaped carbon nanofibers. Rigorous downscaling reveals a critical catalytic salt volume of 0.033 µm³, resulting in exactly one lambda‐shaped carbon nanofiber at a highly predefined position. An empirical model explains the observed growth process.