bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A direct‐to‐patient telemedicine abortion service in Australia: Retrospective analysis of the first 18 months
Authors: Hyland Paul , Raymond Elizabeth G. , Chong Erica 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundIn 2015, the Tabbot Foundation launched a nationwide direct‐to‐patient telemedicine service to enable women to obtain medical abortion without visiting an abortion provider.AimsWe aimed to describe results from the first 18 months of this service.Materials and MethodsTo have an abortion through the Foundation, a woman obtained screening tests locally and had a telephone consultation with a Foundation doctor. If she was eligible, mifepristone, misoprostol and other medications were sent to her by mail. After taking the drugs, the woman obtained follow‐up tests at local facilities and had a consultation with Foundation professionals. The Foundation charged $250 to patients with Medicare eligibility and $600 otherwise. We summarised clinical data collected by the service.ResultsBetween June 2015 and December 2016, 1010 women received medications, of whom 56% lived outside of major cities. Ninety‐five percent of packages were sent within 15 days after registration. Of the 965 women who took misoprostol, outcomes were definitively documented for 754 (78%), of whom 96% had a complete abortion without surgical intervention, and 95% had no face‐to‐face clinical encounter after treatment. Of women with Medicare cards, 72% paid no out‐of‐pocket charges other than to the Foundation. Nearly all women (781/802; 97%) were highly satisfied.ConclusionsThe direct‐to‐patient telemedicine medical abortion service was effective, safe, inexpensive and satisfactory. It disproportionately served women in parts of Australia with limited access to abortion facilities. This experience may be instructive for others desiring to use telemedicine to enhance access to abortion.
Analysis of the distribution and scholarly output from National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia (NIAA) research grants
Authors: El‐Boghdadly K. , Docherty A. B. , Klein A. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia (NIAA) was founded in 2008 to lead a UK strategy for developing academic anaesthesia. We aimed to assess the distribution of applications and quantify the academic returns of NIAA‐supported research grants, as this has hitherto not been analysed. We sought data on the baseline characteristics of all grant applicants and recipients. Every grant recipient from 2008 to 2015 was contacted to ascertain the status of their supported research projects. We also examined Google Scholar, Scopus® database and InCites Journal Citation Reports for citation, author and journal metrics, respectively. In total, 495 research project applications were made, with 150 grants being awarded. Data on 121 out of 150 (80.7%) grant awards, accounting for £3.5 million, were collected, of which 91 completed studies resulted in 140 publications and 2759 citations. The median (IQR [range]) time to first or only publication was 3 (2–4 [0–9]) years. The overall cost per publication was £14,970 (£7457–£24,998 [£2212–£73,755]) and the cost per citation was £1515 (£323–£3785 [£70–£36,182]), with 1 (0–2 [0–8]) publication and 4 (0–25 [0–265]) citations resulting per grant. The impact factor of journals in which publications arose was 4.7 (2.5–6.2 [0–47.8]), with the highest impact arising from clinical and basic science studies, particularly in the fields of pain and peri‐operative medicine. Grants were most frequently awarded to clinical and basic science categories of study, but in terms of specialty, critical care medicine and peri‐operative medicine received the greatest number of grants. Superficially, there seemed a geographical disparity, with 123 (82%) grants being awarded to researchers in England, London receiving 48 (32%) of these. However, this was in proportion to the number of grant applications received by country or city of application, such that there was no significant difference in overall success rates. There was no significant difference in productivity in terms of publications and citations from grants awarded to each city. The 150 grants were awarded to 107 recipients (identified as the most senior applicant for each grant), 27 of whom received ≥ two grants. Recipients had a median career total of 21 (8–76 [0–254]) publications and 302 (44–1320 [0–8167]) citations, with an h‐index of 8 (3–22 [0–54]). We conclude that a key determinant of grant success is simply applying. This is the first study to report the distribution and scholarly output of individual anaesthesia research grants, particularly from a collaborative body such as the NIAA, and can be used as a benchmark to further develop academic anaesthesia in the UK and beyond.
Rapid review shows that probiotics and fermented infant formulas do not cause d‐lactic acidosis in healthy children
Authors: Łukasik J , Salminen S , Szajewska H 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimExtensive ongoing research on probiotics and infant formulas raises a number of safety questions. One concern is the potential influence of d‐lactic acid‐containing preparations on the health of infants and children. The aim of this review was to summarise the available knowledge on the ingestion of d‐lactic acid‐producing bacteria, acidified infant formulas and fermented infant formulas as a potential cause of paediatric d‐lactic acidosis.MethodsA Medline database search was performed in July 2017, with no restrictions on the language, article type or publication date. The 1715 search results were screened for clinical trials, review articles, case series and case reports of relevance to the topic.ResultsWe identified five randomised controlled trials from 2005 to 2017 covering 544 healthy infants and some case reports and experimental studies. No clinically relevant adverse effects of d‐lactic acid‐producing probiotics and fermented infant formulas were described in healthy children. However, a harmless, subclinical accumulation of d‐lactate was theoretically possible. The only known cases of paediatric d‐lactic acidosis occurred in patients with short bowel syndrome or, historically, in infants fed with acidified formulas.ConclusionOur main finding was that probiotics and fermented formulas did not cause d‐lactic acidosis in healthy children.
Localised prostate cancer in elderly men aged 80–89 years, findings from a population‐based registry
Authors: Vatandoust Sina , Kichenadasse Ganessan , O'Callaghan Michael , Vincent Andrew D. , Kopsaftis Tina , Walsh Scott , Borg Martin , Karapetis Christos S. , Moretti Kim 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the rate of prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) and disease characteristics in patients diagnosed with localised prostate cancer at age 80–89 years in comparison with men diagnosed at age 70–79 years.Patients and MethodsThis is a retrospective study of data from the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative (SA‐PCCOC). Included were men diagnosed between 2005 and 2014, aged ≥70 years with no evidence of metastatic disease at presentation. Propensity score matching and competing risk Fine and Grey regression were used to assess the chance of treatment (curative vs non‐curative) and treatment effect on PCSM.ResultsOf the 1 951 eligible patients, 1 428 (76%) were aged 70–79 years and 460 (24%) were aged 80–89 years at diagnosis, with a median (interquartile range) age of 74 (72–76) and 83 (81–85) years, respectively. The 80–89 years group had higher Gleason scores and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) values (all P < 0.001) in comparison with the younger group. The 80–89 years group were less likely to be treated with curative treatment (odds ratio 0.12, 95% confidence interval 0.09–0.16; P < 0.001). The proportion of deaths attributable to prostate cancer was similar in both groups: 73 of 263 deaths (28%) in the 80–89 years group vs 97 of 310 deaths (31%) in the 70–79 years group. The risk of PCSM in individuals treated with curative intent was reduced in both groups.ConclusionsThe proportion of prostate cancer deaths was similar in both groups. These findings support carefully selected individualised management of elderly patients diagnosed with localised prostate cancer.
Violated Women, Reason, andLo Políticoin the Imaginary of the Guatemalan Nation
Authors: TORRES M. GABRIELA 
Published: March 2018

Guatemalan newspapers are dappled with the spectre of women's violence and the bodily evidence of the military response that is typical for a woman's transgression of gender roles. Gendered representations of violence – so often repeated in the media – engender particular forms of political agency. This article explores how political violence is imagined with women's bodies and suggests that such violence is always built on pre‐existing cultural practices. It argues that gender categorization is paramount to constructing a modern Guatemalan nation that all too often works to exclude women as knowing participants in Lo Político.
THE CLEANSING EFFECT OF R&D SUBSIDIES
Authors: Haruyama Tetsugen 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe paper develops a patent race model with a particular emphasis upon heterogeneity of competing R&D firms. It is demonstrated that R&D subsidies generate the cleansing effect
where relatively lower productivity firms drop out of the race and innovation accelerates due to expanded R&D investment by the remaining firms as well as new entrants with higher productivity than exiting firms.
EXAMINING THE STABILITY OF OKUN'S COEFFICIENT
Authors: Michail Nektarios A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe stability of Okun's law coefficient in the United States from 1949 to 2015 is examined using a regression with GARCH errors in order to capture the volatility of the series. Rolling estimations suggest that taking the volatility of the series into account yields more stable results compared to the simple OLS estimation, irrespective of the specification (gap or growth model), the data frequency (monthly or quarterly), or the length of the rolling window. The results also suggest that the persistence of shocks became much more important in explaining contemporaneous volatility when data from the recent global financial crisis were incorporated. In contrast, the feedthrough of output shocks in next period's output volatility was more important in the past, and especially during the 1970s stagflation period, but has been declining since.
New technologies and the political economy of geomorphology
Authors: Inkpen Rob 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNew technologies enable high‐resolution monitoring techniques and the generation of big data and have been heralded as increasing the depth of our understanding of geomorphic phenomena. These technologies, however, also provide us with a convenient entry point into the increasingly constraining political economy of geomorphology. Building on the work of Stuart Lane and of critical physical geographers, this paper traces and examines the multiple roles that new technologies have played in constraining research questions and directing resources. Using the activity sphere framework outlined by David Harvey, the influence of new technologies can be traced around the spheres and their constraining of existing relations within academia and explanation identified.
Five‐year refractive changes in a rural Chinese adult population and its related factors: the Handan Eye Study
Authors: Li Shi‐Ming , Lin Caixia , Wan Yue , Cao Kai , Hao Jie , Zhang Ye , Hu Ailian , Wu Jian , Friedman David S , Wang Ningli ,   the Handan Eye Study Group
Published: March 2018

AbstractImportanceProvision of refractive changes is important to predict eye care needs for aging population.BackgroundTo provide 5‐year refractive changes in a rural Chinese adult population.DesignPopulation‐based longitudinal study.ParticipantsAt baseline, 6830 subjects aged 30+ years took part in the Handan Eye Study. A total of 5394 of the 6323 survivors (85.3%) participated in the 5‐year follow‐up.MethodsOcular examinations including standardized refraction were performed according to the same protocol at both baseline and follow‐up.Main Outcome MeasuresChange in spherical equivalent (SE; sphere + 1/2 cylinder) and astigmatism.ResultsA total of 3970 right eyes were available for refraction analysis. The 5‐year change in SE for all subjects was +0.17 diopters (D), and was −0.21D, +0.14D, +0.40D and +0.08D for subjects aged 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years, respectively. By binary regression analysis, myopic shift was associated with severe nuclear opacity, longer axil length, diabetes and large change of lens power, while hyperopic shift was associated with older age and ocular hypertension at baseline. There was a mean change of 0.18D in the against‐the‐rule astigmatism.Conclusions and RelevanceThere was a myopic shift for those 30–39 years old and a hyperopic shift from 40 to 69 years old in a rural Chinese adult population. Those with severe nuclear opacity, longer axil length, diabetes and large change of lens power tended to have a myopic shift, while those being older and having ocular hypertension at baseline were prone to have a hyperopic shift. There was also an increase in against‐the‐rule astigmatism in this population.
Cladistics and insular evolution, an unfortunate marriage? Another tangle in the Deinogalerix analysis of Borrani et al. (2017)
Authors: van den Hoek Ostende Lars W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInsular taxa, such as the late Miocene giant erinaceid Deinogalerix and the insular hominin Homo floresiensis, display a surprisingly primitive placement in cladistic analyses of their respective groups. This has led to speculations of early dispersal onto islands, not corroborated by biogeographical evidence. Insular evolution is notorious for vast phenotypic changes in at least part of the island fauna. These changes encompass typical apomorphies, but, as they may also include evolutionary reversals, a parsimony‐based tree will inevitably yield a more basic position in cladograms. Therefore, we need to be cautious in drawing hasty conclusions from phylogenetic trees including insular taxa. Scrutiny is required to monitor possible evolutionary reversals and scenarios should be tested against biogeography to test their viability.
School‐based physical therapy services and student functional performance at school
Authors: Mccoy Sarah Westcott , Effgen Susan K , Chiarello Lisa A , Jeffries Lynn M , Villasante Tezanos Alejandro G 
Published: March 2018

AimWe explored relationships of school‐based physical therapy to standardized outcomes of students receiving physical therapy.MethodUsing a practice‐based evidence research design, School Function Assessment (SFA) outcomes of 296 students with disabilities (mean age 7y 4mo [standard deviation 2y]; 166 males, 130 females), served by 109 physical therapists, were explored. After training, therapists completed 10 SFA scales on students at the beginning and end of the school year. Therapists collected detailed weekly data on services (activities, interventions, types, student participation) using the School‐Physical Therapy Interventions for Pediatrics (S‐PTIP) system. Stepwise linear regressions were used to investigate S‐PTIP predictors of SFA outcomes.ResultsPredictors of SFA section outcomes varied in strength, with the coefficient of determination (R2) for each outcome ranging from 0.107 to 0.326. Services that correlated positively with the SFA outcomes included mobility, sensory, motor learning, aerobic/conditioning, functional strengthening, playground access interventions, and higher student participation during therapy (standardized β=0.11–0.26). Services that correlated negatively with the SFA outcomes included providing services within student groups, within school activity, with students not in special education, during recreation activities, and with positioning, hands‐on facilitation, sensory integration, orthoses, and equipment interventions (standardized β=−0.14 to −0.22).InterpretationConsideration of outcomes is prudent to focus services. Overall results suggest we should emphasize active mobility practice by using motor learning interventions and engaging students within therapy sessions.What this paper adds

No specific interventions predicted positively on all School Function Assessment (SFA) outcomes.

Active movement practice seems related to overall better SFA outcomes.

Active mobility practice improved SFA participation, mobility, recreation, and activities of daily living.

Engaging students in therapy activities and interventions improved outcomes.
Baseline characteristics and enrichment results from the SONAR trial
Authors: Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Andress Dennis L. , Bakris George , Brennan John J. , Correa‐Rotter Ricardo , Hou Fan Fan , Kitzman Dalane W. , Kohan Donald , Makino Hirofumi , McMurray John , Perkovic Vlado , Tobe Sheldon , Wigderson Melissa , Yi Tingting , Parving Hans‐Henrik , de Zeeuw Dick 
Published: March 2018

AimThe SONAR trial uses an enrichment design based on the individual response to the selective endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan on efficacy (the degree of the individual response in the urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio [UACR]) and safety/tolerability (signs of sodium retention and acute increases in serum creatinine) to assess the effects of this agent on major renal outcomes. The patient population and enrichment results are described here.MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) within 25 to 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 and UACR between 300 and 5000 mg/g were enrolled. After a run‐in period, eligible patients received 0.75 mg/d of atrasentan for 6 weeks. A total of 2648 responder patients in whom UACR decreased by ≥30% compared to baseline were enrolled, as were 1020 non‐responders with a UACR decrease of <30%. Patients who experienced a weight gain of >3 kg and in whom brain natriuretic peptide exceeded ≥300 pg/mL, or who experienced an increase in serum creatinine >20% (0.5 mg/dL), were not randomized.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar for atrasentan responders and non‐responders. Upon entry to the study, median UACR was 802 mg/g in responders and 920 mg/g in non‐responders. After 6 weeks of treatment with atrasentan, the UACR change in responders was −48.8% (95% CI, −49.8% to −47.9%) and in non‐responders was −1.2% (95% CI, −6.4% to 3.9%). Changes in other renal risk markers were similar between responders and non‐responders except for a marginally greater reduction in systolic blood pressure and eGFR in responders.ConclusionsThe enrichment period has successfully identified a population with a profound UACR reduction without clinical signs of sodium retention in whom a large atrasentan effect on clinically important renal outcomes is possible. The SONAR trial aims to establish whether atrasentan confers renal protection.
Institutional design of voluntary sustainability standards systems: Evidence from a new database
Authors: Fiorini Matteo , Hoekman Bernard , Jansen Marion , Schleifer Philip , Solleder Olga , Taimasova Regina , Wozniak Joseph 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVoluntary sustainability standards (VSS) have become a significant element of the governance of international trade and production. Even though VSS are not mandatory (required by law), in practice they are often necessary for producers to participate in global value chains. Finally, VSS are often considered costly for producers. This article provides an overview of the global VSS landscape, and addresses the following questions: how producer‐friendly are VSS, and how do their practices towards producers vary with relevant features of VSS institutional design? The analysis is empirical, and it is based on a data collection project called Standards Map (SM), launched in 2011 by the International Trade Centre (ITC). The analysis covers a population of up to 180 VSS. This large‐n approach allows for a macro‐perspective which complements the existing literature characterized by micro‐level studies. Our analysis documents a significant heterogeneity in producer‐friendly practices across VSS. We find that participation in meta‐governance organizations (such as ISEAL full membership) is strongly associated with producer‐friendly practices. Moreover, the location of headquarters in Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) member countries, the engagement of buyers in the board or management of the scheme and the influence of producers in decision‐making are also positively associated with our measures of producer friendliness, although these relationships are found to be less robust. The dimension of VSS we have focused on is just one element of the information contained in the SM database. Other relevant dimensions of standards systems, such as the structure of requirements, their product scope—and other aspects of institutional design, such as verification procedures, stakeholder engagement, harmonization or convergence vs. competition between different schemes—can all be analysed using the database. We hope the descriptive analysis undertaken in this article will help the research community to make better use of this source of information.
Natural history of myocardial deformation in children, adolescents, and young adults exposed to anthracyclines: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tuzovic Mirela , Wu Pei‐Tzu , Kianmahd Samuel , Nguyen Kim‐Lien 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveAnthracyclines are widely used to treat solid and hematologic malignancies, but are known to cause cardiotoxicity. As more childhood cancer survivors reach adulthood due to improvements in oncologic treatments, they become susceptible to late and progressive anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity. Nonetheless, diagnostic criteria for early detection of cardiac dysfunction are not well defined in children, adolescent, and young adults (CAYA, ages 1–40 years). We present a natural history of the changes in myocardial deformation in CAYA patients after anthracycline therapy.MethodsWe performed a literature review search between 2001 and 2016 using PubMed with the following search terms: strain (or deformation), torsion (or twist), children (or adolescent or young adult), cardiotoxicity (or dysfunction), and anthracyclines (or doxorubicin). A total of 23 articles were reviewed. Fourteen articles were incorporated in the meta‐analysis.ResultsStrain abnormalities are observed at both short‐term and long‐term follow‐up. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) abnormalities are common during or early after chemotherapy, whereas changes in global circumferential strain (GCS) are more significant and consistent on long‐term follow‐up. Although global radial strain and torsional parameters are also often abnormal late after chemotherapy, there are few studies evaluating these parameters.ConclusionThere are significant abnormalities in GLS and GCS following anthracycline therapy acutely and late after treatment. The prognostic value of these strain abnormalities warrants further investigation.