bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean Acoustic Tomography in the North Atlantic
Authors: Dushaw Brian D. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
An objective mapping exercise simulating observations of temperature in the North Atlantic Ocean was used to assess the resolution capabilities of ocean acoustic tomography in combination with Argo floats. A set of basis functions for a basinwide area was obtained from a singular value decomposition of a covariance derived from an ocean state estimate. As demonstrated by the formal uncertainty estimates from the objective maps, Argo and tomography are complementary measurements. In several examples, each separately obtained uncertainty for determining large-scale monthly average temperature of about 50% of prior (resolved 75% of variance), while when both data were employed, uncertainties were reduced to about 25% of prior (resolved 94% of variance). Possible tomography configurations range from arrays that span specific regions to line arrays that supplement existing observations to arrays that span the Atlantic basin. A basinwide array consisting of two acoustic sources and seven receivers can be used to significantly reduce the uncertainties of estimated broad-scale temperature. An optimal observing system study would comprise simulated measurements in combination with data assimilation techniques and numerical ocean modeling. This objective map study, however, showed that the addition of tomography to the existing observing system could substantially reduce the uncertainties for estimated large-scale temperature. To the extent that tomography offers a 50% reduction in uncertainty at a fraction of the cost of the Argo program, it is a cost-effective contribution to the ocean observing system.
A Phase Locking Perspective on Rossby Wave Amplification and Atmospheric Blocking Downstream of Recurving Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Riboldi Jacopo , Grams Christian M. , Riemer Michael , Archambault Heather M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones (TCs) can significantly influence the evolution of the midlatitude flow. However, the interaction between recurving TCs and upstream upper-level troughs features a large and partly unexplained case-to-case variability. In this study, a synoptic, feature-based climatology of TC–trough interactions is constructed to discriminate recurving TCs that interact with decelerating and accelerating troughs. Upper-level troughs reducing their eastward propagation speed during the interaction with recurving TCs exhibit phase locking with lower-level temperature anomalies and are linked to pronounced downstream Rossby wave amplification. Conversely, accelerating troughs do not exhibit phase locking and are associated with a nonsignificant downstream impact. Irrotational outflow near the tropopause associated with latent heat release in regions of heavy precipitation near the transitioning storm can promote phase locking (via enhancement of trough deceleration) and further enhance the downstream impact (via advection of air with low potential vorticity in the direction of the waveguide). These different impacts affect the probability of atmospheric blocking at the end of the Pacific storm track, which is generally higher if a TC–trough interaction occurs in the western North Pacific. Blocking in the eastern North Pacific is up to 3 times more likely than climatology if an interaction between a TC and a decelerating trough occurs upstream, whereas no statistical deviation with respect to climatology is observed for accelerating troughs. The outlined results support the hypothesis that differences in phase locking can explain the observed variability in the downstream impact of ET.
Does Periodic Continence Harm Spousal Love?: Pope John Paul II’s Response to the Pastoral Difficulties of Living Out Humanae Vitae
Authors: Alexander Irene 
Published: December 2018

The main reason for the widespread dissent from Humanae vitae is not primarily academic. Rather, dissent arises first on a practical level by couples themselves on account of the difficulty they experience in living out the teaching. More specifically, couples often feel that there is a “contradiction” between the responsible regulation of birth and the unity of their love. This essay addresses this pastoral objection head on through a candid appreciation of the “difficulties” couples experience and through demonstrating Pope John Paul II’s idea of cultivating a “conjugal spirituality,” which moves couples interiorly from merely following rules to fostering reverence both for one’s spouse and for God. Summary: This article provides a pastoral response to the difficulties of living out the teaching of Humanae vitae, by explaining the teaching of Humanae vitae through the lens of Pope John Paul II’s Theology of the Body. Specifically, I explain John Paul II’s exhortation to couples to develop a “conjugal spirituality” through the virtues, so that they will grow in reverence for their spouse and for God.
Patients’ hopes for recovery from myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome: Toward a “recovery in” framework
Authors: Devendorf Andrew R , Brown Abigail A , Jason Leonard A 
Published: December 2018

Objective There is no consensus on recovery from myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome, which has spawned debates when interpreting outcome research. Within these debates, the patient voice is often neglected. This study aimed to understand how patients conceptualize recovery – regarding the definition and possibility of recovery. Method We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 10 older (above age 50) female patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome. Data were analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis. Results Our sample viewed recovery as functioning without fear of relapse, returning to previous roles and identities, and achieving a sustained absence of symptoms. Participants expressed skepticism that reaching recovery from myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome exists but working toward significant improvement through coping is a viable goal. Although many accepted they would never reclaim full functioning, participants continued to experience uncertainty about their future with unclear prognostic goals and limited treatment options. Discussion Recovery is more than just symptom reduction. Outcome research should incorporate well-being measures like identity, meaning and quality of life, and personal empowerment to enhance recovery definitions. When communicating treatment goals, providers might convey cautious optimism for complete symptom remission, while emphasizing that living a fulfilling life through effective coping strategies is possible.
Statistical Analysis Plan for EXtending the time for Thrombolysis in Emergency Neurological Deficits (EXTEND) trial
Authors: Churilov Leonid , Ma Henry , Campbell Bruce CV , Davis Stephen M , Donnan Geoffrey A 
Published: December 2018

Background EXtending the time for Thrombolysis in Emergency Neurological Deficits (EXTEND) is a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial to test the hypothesis of extending the thrombolysis time window to 9 h from stroke onset and in wake-up stroke (WUS) patients. Objective To formulate the detailed statistical analysis plan for the EXTEND trial prior to database lock. This statistical analysis plan is based on the published and registered EXTEND trial protocol and is developed by the blinded steering committee and management team. Results The developed EXTEND statistical analysis plan is transparent, verifiable, and predetermined before the database lock. It is consistent with reporting standards for clinical trials and provides for clear and open reporting. Conclusions Publication of a statistical analysis plan serves to reduce potential trial analysis and reporting bias and outlines pre-specified analyses to quantify the benefits and harms of extending the thrombolysis time window to 9 h from stroke onset and in wake-up stroke patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00887328 registered 23/Apr/2009 and NCT01580839 (EXTEND International) registered 19/Apr/2012
Run, lift, or both? Associations between concurrent aerobic–muscle strengthening exercise with adverse cardiometabolic biomarkers among Korean adults
Authors: Bennie Jason A , Ding Ding , Khan Asaduzzaman , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Biddle Stuart JH , Kim Junghoon 
Published: December 2018

Background Clinical exercise interventions show that combining moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and muscle strengthening exercise (MSE) has more favourable cardiometabolic health benefits than engaging in only one mode of physical activity. However, few studies have examined these associations among community-based samples and none among Asian adults. Methods This cross-sectional analysis included 9120 participants aged 20–80 years from the 2014–2015 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Fasting blood samples were analysed for adverse cardiometabolic biomarkers (e.g. high glucose/glycohaemoglobin/triglycerides) and MVPA and MSE were assessed using validated questionnaires. Poisson regression models examined the association between the individual and total number of adverse biomarkers across categories of MVPA–MSE guideline adherence (met neither (reference); met MSE only; met MVPA only; met both) and prevalence ratios are reported adjusted for covariates (e.g. age, education, smoking, waist circumference and sitting time). Results The mean ± SD age was 46.2 ± 16.3 years and 50.3% of the participants were women. Compared with meeting neither guideline, meeting both guidelines had the lowest prevalence ratios for four out of eight individual adverse cardiometabolic biomarkers. In a sex-stratified analysis of men, only meeting both guidelines had a lower prevalence ratio for ≥4 adverse biomarkers (prevalence ratio 0.67; 95% confidence interval 0.53–0.85). For women, the prevalence ratio for ≥4 adverse biomarkers was lowest among those meeting both guidelines (prevalence ratio 0.46; 95% confidence interval 0.31–0.66), followed by MSE only (prevalence ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.96) and MVPA only (prevalence ratio 0.78; 95% confidence interval 0.65–0.92). Conclusions Among a large sample of Korean adults, concurrent MVPA–MSE was independently associated with favourable cardiometabolic outcomes. This study supports public health action to promote adherence to MVPA–MSE guidelines to enhance cardiovascular health among Korean adults.
Ablation of miR-146b in mice causes hematopoietic malignancy
Authors: Mitsumura Takahiro , Ito Yoshiaki , Chiba Tomoki , Matsushima Takahide , Kurimoto Ryota , Tanaka Yoko , Kato Tomomi , Uchida Keisuke , Ito Takashi , Yamamoto Kouhei , Eishi Yoshinobu , Kitagawa Masanobu , Miyazaki Yasunari , Inase Naohiko , Asahara Hiroshi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Excessive and constitutive activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) leads to abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation, leading to the development of malignant tumors, including lymphoma. MicroRNA 146a (miR-146a) and miR-146b, both of which carry an identical seed sequence, have been shown to contribute to inflammatory diseases and tumors by suppressing the expression of key molecules required for NF-κB activation. However, the functional and physiological differences between miR-146a and miR-146b in disease onset have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we generated miR-146b–knockout (KO) and miR-146a–KO mice by genome editing and found that both strains developed hematopoietic malignancies such as B-cell lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia during aging. However, the B-cell lymphomas observed in miR-146a– and miR-146b–KO mice were histologically different in their morphology, and the malignancy rate is lower in miR-146b mice than miR-146a mice. Upon mitogenic stimulation, the expression of miR-146a and miR-146b was increased, but miR-146b expression was lower than that of miR-146a. Using a previously developed screening system for microRNA targets, we observed that miR-146a and miR-146b could target the same mRNAs, including TRAF6, and inhibit subsequent NF-κB activity. Consistent with these findings, both miR-146a– and miR-146b–KO B cells showed a high proliferative capacity. Taken together, sustained NF-κB activation in miR-146b KO mice could lead to the development of hematopoietic malignancy with aging.
Effective Weight Loss and Maintenance by Intensive Start with Diet and Exercise
Authors: KAIKKONEN KAISU M. , SALTEVO SAANA S. , KORPELAINEN JUHA T. , VANHALA MARJA L. , JOKELAINEN JARI J. , KORPELAINEN RAIJA I. , KEINÄNEN-KIUKAANNIEMI SIRKKA M. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis 24-month study aimed to determine whether exercise intervention added to weight loss treatment at 6 months is effective for weight loss and maintenance.MethodsA total of 120 obese subjects (body mass index > 30) were randomly assigned to intensified behavioral modification (iBM) (n= 30), behavioral modification + exercise from 0 to 3 months (circuit weight training group 1 [CWT1]) (n= 30), behavioral modification + exercise from 6 to 9 months (CWT2) (n= 30), and a control group (CON) (n= 30). Health behavior, weight, waist circumference, and 2-h glucose tolerance test with insulin measurements were measured at 0, 3, 9, and 24 months.ResultsEighty-five subjects (mean age = 46 yr, body mass index = 36.3, 75.3% women) completed the trial. A significant weight loss occurred in CWT1 (−8.5 kg,P> 0.001), iBM (−5.5 kg,P> 0.001), and CWT2 (−4.4 kg,P= 0.007). CWT1 showed the highest reduction in waist circumference at 9 months (mean difference = −11.5 cm,P< 0.001) and 24 months (mean difference = −8.8 cm,P< 0.001). Both fasting and 2-h insulin values improved in the intervention groups compared with CON. A significant decrease in 2-h insulin values from baseline was found in CWT1 and CWT2. Matsuda index improved in the CWT1 group from the baseline to 24 months (2.03,P= 0.025).ConclusionThe most effective weight loss regimen is a combination of iBM and weight training introduced from the very beginning of the weight loss period. Treatment of morbid obesity should include an intensive start with exercise and diet regardless of weight status.
Adopting a shared governance model to improve nurses' working environments
Authors: Ayaad Omar , Alloubani Aladeen , Thiab Fouad , Yousef Danah , Banat Belal 
Published: December 2018

Background: Adopting shared governance in nursing is considered a strategic tool that can enhance both nurse and patient satisfaction and will, in turn, improve nurses' work life. Aim: To compare the differences in nurses' perceptions of the quality of the work environment between hospitals that had adopted to use shared governance and those that had not. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative design was used. Two hospitals were selected, one of them had adopted a shared governance approach at both the unit and departmental level and the other was a hospital that had not adopted shared governance. Results: From November 2017 to January 2018, 470 questionnaires were completed by nurses across the two hospitals, 330 of them were working in a hospital that had adopted shared governance. There is a statistically significant difference in how nurses percieve their work-life balance between the two hospitals (t=9.62; P=>0.001). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was recognised between the Perception of Quality of Work Life score and all subdomains of nurses' perceptions. Conclusion: The adoption of a shared governance model in the nursing department has a significant impact on improving the quality of the working life of a nurse.
A 6 Second Analytical Method for Quantitation of Tacrolimus in Whole Blood by Use of Laser Diode Thermal Desorption Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Merrigan Stephen D , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs is imperative for organ transplant recipients. High-performance LC-MS/MS is considered gold standard; however, immunoassays provide rapid turnaround time. New technology was developed to reduce mass spectrometry analytical run-time. The laser diode thermal desorption source coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LDTD-MS/MS) eliminates chromatographic separation to increase analytical throughput.

Methods
A rapid, 6 second, LDTD-MS/MS analytical method was developed for the quantification tacrolimus in whole blood. Whole blood samples were lysed, followed by protein precipitation and solid-phase extraction. Extracted samples with desorption solution were spotted onto a LazWell plate then dried and loaded into the LDTD source for analysis with an AB SCIEX 5500 mass spectrometer in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The LDTD laser profile ramps from 0% to 65% of full power over 3 s and is held at 65% for 1 s before returning to initial conditions for 2 s.

Results
Data presented include tacrolimus by LDTD-MS/MS comparison to LC-MS/MS, sensitivity, imprecision, interference, linearity, and stability. Method comparison between LDTD-MS/MS and a validated in-house LC-MS/MS assay yielded the following: (LDTD-MS/MS) = 1.119 (LC-MS/MS) + 0.23 ng/mL, Sy/x = 1.26, r = 0.9871 (n = 122). The limit of quantification by LDTD-MS/MS for tacrolimus was &lt;0.3 ng/mL and total imprecision was &lt;10%.

Conclusions
Laser diode thermal desorption tandem mass spectrometry technology can provide rapid turnaround time to result for tacrolimus. The analytical time for LDTD-MS/MS was 6 s compared to 135 s by LC-MS/MS, a &gt;95% decrease in analytical time.
From Architectural Entities to Social Spaces: Redefining the Notions of Takiyeh and Takiyeh Dowlat
Authors: Rezvani-Naraghi Ashkan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article demonstrates how the production of an architectural discourse through the works of nineteenth-century European travellers and orientalists has had a long-term effect on the studies of takiyeh spaces in Iranian cities, where mourning ceremonies were held during the month of Muharram. By analysing takiyehs as fluid social spaces, rather than as fixed architectural sites, this article argues that the co-presence of social relations was the main criterion for the production of takiyehs and the physical and architectural manifestations were the byproducts of the sociality of spaces. Moreover, it shows that the Royal Takiyeh of Tehran, Takiyeh Dowlat, became a flexible sociopolitical concept that had various architectural manifestations in different times. In contrast to the general assumption that a giant circular building in late nineteenth-century Tehran constituted the sole takiyeh dowlat, this article argues that takiyeh dowlat was a well-established sociopolitical practice that can be traced back to the early nineteenth century. Through these investigations, this article suggests that instead of applying foreign architectural discourses to nineteenth-century Iran, social analysis provides an alternative framework for understanding social spaces in nineteenth-century Iranian cities.
Parallel Processes: Spatial Production at Aceh’s Baiturrahman Mosque
Authors: Nichols Julie 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article examines the Baiturrahman Mosque in Banda Aceh and its similarities of spatial production from precolonial to colonial periods, initially under Sultan Iskandar Muda and later under the Dutch administration. To what extent does the shift in spatial production at the Baiturrahman Mosque from its seventeenth-century vernacular design to its rebuilding by the Dutch in the nineteenth century reveal a parallel narrative of identity construction? ‘Difference’ typified historical relations between the Dutch and Acehnese, yet over time the mosque’s architecture together with the spatiality of prayer inscribed meaning at the site for Banda Aceh’s community. The Baiturrahman Mosque’s various incarnations represent cases whereby similarities in processes of spatial production enabled the building to endure despite adverse socio-political circumstances. This article highlights the potential of built space to recast associations of spiritual upheaval and colonial occupation in ways that reveal intricate historical narratives and provide a model for the future production of influential and enduring architecture.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Schneider Jack , Schwerda Mira Xenia 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
MOUNIRA AL SOLH: I STRONGLY BELIEVE IN OUR RIGHT TO BE FRIVOLOUS, THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO, CHICAGO, IL, FEBRUARY 8, 2018–APRIL 29, 2018
THE PRINCE AND THE SHAH: ROYAL PORTRAITS FROM QAJAR IRAN, FREER SACKLER GALLERIES, WASHINGTON DC, FEBRUARY 24–AUGUST 5, 2018
Reflections on Architectural Education of the Muslim World within a global World
Authors: Salama Ashraf M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This commentary is premised on more than three decades of research into architectural education and design pedagogy. It argues that architectural education in the Muslim world must be able to operate effectively within the global condition. It contends that the body of knowledge on architectural education can be enriched and its scope can be expanded when both historical and contemporary imperatives are clearly contextualized. The text raises important questions for future discussions on this theme. Notwithstanding, the article discusses some of the negative idiosyncrasies that follow models inherited from the past and adopt techniques practiced by their Western counterparts. It proposes a framework for incorporating Appreciative Inquiry (AI) as a paradigm for critical consciousness and the way in which key techniques can be utilized. The thrust is that these techniques offer students learning opportunities that invigorate their capabilities to shift from passive listeners to active learners and from knowledge consumers to knowledge producers.
Destruction as Layered Event: Twentieth Century Ruins in the Great Mosque of Gaza
Authors: Osheroff Eli , Halevy Dotan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The destruction of architectural and archeological sites by ISIS in 2014–2015 exposed conflicting, yet co-constitutive, perceptions of the historical past, its material remains, and the relevance of both for modernity. This claim is valid for ISIS’s destruction campaign, as it took place in sites already celebrated for their former ruination. Destruction emerges out of these sites as historically multi-layered, just like the loci it is inflicted upon. In this paper we thus argue that events of destruction should be similarly excavated to reveal their historical stratigraphy and to illuminate critical aspects not obvious to the first, shocked, glance. We demonstrate this argument through two events of destruction that occurred in the Great Mosque of Gaza in the twentieth century. Firstly, we examine the shelling of the mosque during the First World War to show how debris of war may be transformed into artistic and literary displays. Secondly, we analyze an intellectual debate over a Jewish candelabrum engraving on one of the mosque’s pillars and its later defacement. By so doing, we question the motivations preceding acts of destruction, especially in relation to their portrayal by the destructors themselves, and expose the making of historical relics into evidence of violence.