bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedimentological and petrochemical studies of Jurassic clastic rocks, Habo Dome Basin, Kachchh Mainland, Northwest India: Implications for depositional environment, provenance, and tectonic setting
Authors: Irshad Roohi , Khan Mohammad S. , Ahmad Abul H. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMesozoic rocks are extensively and excellently preserved in the western Indian shield in several basins. The Kachchh Mainland Basin (KMB), comprising six small sub‐basins, is the main repository of these sediments. Habo Dome Basin, situated in the easternmost part of KMB and largest among the six basins, hosts clastics of the Chari Formation of Jurassic age. The fluctuating transgressive–regressive facies cycle, developed during the Callovian and Late Early Oxfordian in the Habo Dome Basin, was mainly controlled by local tectonics and not by global eustatic fluctuations. Near magmatic relationships are displayed by various elements of the clastic rocks of Habo Dome Basin. Two litho‐chemical groups have been identified in Habo Dome Basin, which are cyclically repeated over entire lithostratigraphic sequence, indicating alternate pulses of sediment inputs from two different sources under palpitating tectonic conditions. Provenance indicator elements and their ratios coupled with source modeling indicate predominantly felsic source with basic and alkalic components. Integrated analysis of petrograhic and geochemical characteristics suggests two source terranes for these rocks: a granitoid source with significant basic volcanics (Banded Gneissic Complex) and a granite–gneissic source with minor alkaline volcanics (Nagarparkar Massif) lying to northeast and NNW respectively. The petrochemistry of Habo Dome clastics suggests their deposition in a fault controlled sink which was influenced by sea level changes. Drifting of the Indian plate resulted in the opening of series of rifted basins in the Kachchh Mainland during Late Triassic/Early Jurassic, which were closed later during collision of Indian plate with Eurasia at early Eocene. The Habo Dome Basin which opened up as a half graben in response to the initial stress regime, remained tectonically unstable until the cessation of pre and post collisional stress regimes.
Evidence that Kenyan House Sparrows Passer domesticus invaded from multiple sites
Authors: Schrey Aaron W. , Ragsdale Alexandria K. , Adams Kyle L. , Ingebretsen Nicholas , Lee Jacob D. , Frederick Bridget M. , Liebl Andrea L. , Martin Lynn B. 
Published: June 2019

Here we characterize genetic patterns across the range of House Sparrows in Kenya using six microsatellite markers. We screened House Sparrows from two remote locations in northern Kenya, Marsabit (n = 24) and Wajir (n = 27), which are separated from other colonized areas in Kenya by minimally developed, arid habitat, and then compared these birds with House Sparrows in 10 more central and longer established Kenyan cities (n = 233) in this range. House Sparrows from Marsabit and Wajir originated from a separate source, probably Somalia and/or Ethiopia, from other Kenyan House Sparrows, probably Mombasa. Furthermore, the genetic characteristics of northern and southern populations indicate that they have not yet mixed, supporting a hypothesis that the large, minimally (human) developed, arid landscape spanning nearly all of northern Kenya, including the 100 000 km2 Chalbi Desert, is a barrier to dispersal for House Sparrows.
Conservation of the voltage‐sensitive sodium channel protein within the Insecta
Authors: Silva Juan J. , Scott Jeffrey G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe voltage‐sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) is essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials. VSSC kinetics can be modified by producing different splice variants. The functionality of VSSC depends on features such as the voltage sensors, the selectivity filter and the inactivation loop. Mutations in Vssc conferring resistance to pyrethroid insecticides are known as knockdown resistance (kdr). We analysed the conservation of VSSC in both a broad scope and a narrow scope by three approaches: (1) we compared conservation of sequences and of differential exon use across orders of the Insecta; (2) we determined which kdr mutations were possible with a single nucleotide mutation in nine populations of Aedes aegypti; and (3) we examined the individual VSSC variation that exists within a population of Drosophila melanogaster. There is an increasing amount of transcript diversity possible from Diplura towards Diptera. The residues of the voltage sensors, selectivity filter and inactivation loop are highly conserved. The majority of exon sequences were >88.6% similar. Strain‐specific differences in codon constraints exist for kdr mutations in nine strains of A. aegypti. Three Vssc mutations were found in one population of D. melanogaster. This study shows that, overall, Vssc is highly conserved across Insecta and within a population of an insect, but that important differences do exist.
Prenatal risk and physical aggression during the first years of life: The gender‐specific role of inhibitory control
Authors: van Adrichem Dide S. , Huijbregts Stephan C. J. , Van der Heijden Kristiaan B. , van Goozen Stephanie H. M. , Swaab Hanna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrenatal risk and a lack of inhibitory control have consistently been related to the development of physical aggression in older children. This study examined whether inhibitory control mediated the relation between prenatal risk and aggression in infants and toddlers. The role of gender in this mediation model was also examined. The sample consisted of 161 mother–child dyads (83 boys). A prenatal cumulative risk score was created from a number of well‐established risk factors including maternal psychopathology, substance use, and social and socioeconomic disadvantages. At 12 months, children performed an inhibitory control task. Physical aggression was assessed through maternal reports at 12 and 20 months of age. Results showed that higher prenatal risk was associated with more physical aggression. Inhibitory control mediated this association at both 12 and 20 months: higher prenatal risk was related to lower inhibitory control, which in turn led to higher aggression. At 20 months, gender moderated the mediation effect: the mediating role of inhibitory control was only found for girls. These results suggest that even before 2 years of age, inhibitory control is an important construct involved in the relation between prenatal risk and physical aggression.
Novel cyan‐emitting KBaScSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphors with ultrahigh quantum efficiency and excellent thermal stability for WLEDs
Authors: Zhong Jiasong , Li Junni , Liu Meijiao , Wang Keyuan , Zhu Yiwen , Li Xinyue , Ji Zhenguo , Chen Daqin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOwing to the conventional phosphor‐converted white LEDs (pc‐WLEDs) generally suffer from blue‐green cavity, thus, developing an appropriate phosphors covering both the blue and green regions in their emission spectra are very urgent. Herein, a novel Sc silicate phosphor, KBaScSi2O7:Eu2+ (KBSS:Eu2+), has been successfully designed and prepared via a solid‐state reaction. The crystal structure, luminescent properties, thermal quenching, quantum efficiency as well as its application in UV‐pumped WLEDs have been investigated systematically. The KBSS:Eu2+ phosphor exhibits a strong and broad excitation band ranging from 290 to 450 nm, and gives a sufficient cyan emission of 488 nm with a full‐width half‐maximum (FWHM) of 70 nm, which filled the blue‐green cavity. Importantly, the optimized KBSS:Eu2+ phosphor possesses an ultrahigh quantum efficiency (QE) up to 91.3% and an excellent thermal stability retaining 90% at 423 K with respect to that measured at room temperature. Finally, the as‐fabricated UV‐based WLEDs device, with only coupled the mixture of KBSS:Eu2+ cyan phosphor and CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ red ones to a commercial 365nm UV chip, exhibits a satisfactory color‐rendering index (Ra = 88.6), correlated color temperature (CCT = 3770K), and luminous efficiency (LE = 21 lm/W).
Quality of web pages about second‐trimester medical abortion: A cross‐sectional study of readability, comprehensiveness, and transparency
Authors: Georgsson Susanne , van der Spoel Linde , Ferm Johanna , Carlsson Tommy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate the readability, comprehensiveness and transparency of web pages about medical abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive study of Swedish web pages.MethodsSix systematic searches were performed in Google during January 2017. The first 10 hits of each search were screened, resulting in 46 included Swedish web pages. The web pages were analyzed with readability index (LIX) to investigate readability, inductive manifest content analysis to investigate comprehensiveness, and Journal of the Medical Association benchmarks to investigate transparency.ResultsMedian LIX was 29.0 and the largest proportion had LIX 31–40 (N = 17), indicating moderate readability. Visual components were observed in 13 websites. Content analysis resulted in 12 categories illustrating comprehensiveness, but eight of these were only included in ≤50% web pages. With regard to transparency, 29 (63%) adhered to no benchmark, 15 (33%) adhered to one benchmark, and 2 (4%) adhered to two benchmarks. Most web pages were written or reviewed by laypersons (N = 25) and health professionals (N = 11).ConclusionThe results indicate that web pages about medical abortion have moderate readability, varied comprehensiveness and poor transparency.ImpactHealth professionals need to acknowledge the risk of contact with web‐based information about poor quality. There is a need for research that aims to increase the chances that patients encounter high‐quality web‐based information about medical abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Combined approaches to identify genomic regions involved in phenotypic differentiation between low divergent breeds: Application in Sardinian sheep populations
Authors: Mastrangelo Salvatore , Ben Jemaa Slim , Sottile Gianluca , Casu Sara , Portolano Baldassare , Ciani Elena , Pilla Fabio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSelective breeding has led to modifications in the genome of many livestock breeds. In this study, we identified the genomic regions that may explain some of the phenotypic differences between two closely related breeds from Sardinia. A total of 44 animals, 20 Sardinian Ancestral Black (SAB) and 24 Sardinian White (SW), were genotyped using the Illumina Ovine 50K array. A total of 68, 38 and 15 significant markers were identified using the case–control genome‐wide association study (GWAS), the Bayesian population differentiation analysis (FST) and the Rsb metric, respectively. Comparisons among the approaches revealed a total of 22 overlapping markers between GWAS and FST and one marker between GWAS and Rsb. Three markers detected by Rsb were also located near (<2 Mb) to highly significant regions identified by GWAS and FST analyses. Moreover, one candidate marker identified by GWAS and FST approaches was located in a run of homozygosity island that was shared by both breeds. We identified several genes involved in many phenotypic differences (such as stature and growth, reproduction, ear size, coat colour, behaviour) between the two analysed breeds. This study shows that combining several genome‐wide approaches could improve discovery of regions involved in the variability of breeding traits and responsible for the phenotypic diversity even between closely related breeds. Overall, the combination of such genome‐wide methods can be extended to other livestock breeds that share between them a similar genetic background, to understand the process that shapes the patterns of genetic variability between closely related populations.
MicroRNA‐301b‐3p contributes to tumour growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma by repressing vestigial like family member 4
Authors: Guo Yang , Yao Bowen , Zhu Qiaojuan , Xiao Zunqiang , Hu Linjun , Liu Xin , Li Lijie , Wang Jiahui , Xu Qiuran , Yang Liu , Huang Dongsheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in the tumour growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Increasing evidence suggests that miR‐301b‐3p functions as a driver in various types of human cancer. However, the expression pattern of miR‐301b‐3p and its functional role as well as underlying molecular mechanism in HCC remain poorly known. Our study found that miR‐301b‐3p expression was significantly up‐regulated in HCC tissues compared to adjacent non‐tumour tissues. Clinical association analysis revealed that the high level of miR‐301b‐3p closely correlated with large tumour size and advanced tumour‐node‐metastasis stages. Importantly, the high miR‐301b‐3p level predicted a prominent poorer overall survival of HCC patients. Knockdown of miR‐301b‐3p suppressed cell proliferation, led to cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis of Huh7 and Hep3B cells. Furthermore, miR‐301b‐3p knockdown suppressed tumour growth of HCC in mice. Mechanistically, miR‐301b‐3p directly bond to 3′UTR of vestigial like family member 4 (VGLL4) and negatively regulated its expression. The expression of VGLL4 mRNA was down‐regulated and inversely correlated with miR‐301b‐3p level in HCC tissues. Notably, VGLL4 knockdown markedly repressed cell proliferation, resulted in G2/M phase arrest and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells. Accordingly, VGLL4 silencing rescued miR‐301b‐3p knockdown attenuated HCC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis resistance. Collectively, our results suggest that miR‐301b‐3p is highly expressed in HCC. miR‐301b‐3p facilitates cell proliferation, promotes cell cycle progression and inhibits apoptosis of HCC cells by repressing VGLL4.
Save your gut save your age: The role of the microbiome in stem cell ageing
Authors: Tan Yi , Wei Zongke , Chen Jiaoliu , An Junli , Li Manling , Zhou Liuyun , Men Yanhua , Zhao Shan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe tremendous importance of microbiota in microbial homoeostasis, alterations in metabolism and both innate and adaptive immune systems has been well established. A growing body of evidence support that dysbiosis or compositional changes in gut microbiota is linked to the ageing of stem cells in terms of dysregulations of metabolism, aberrant activation of the immune system as well as promoting epigenetic instability of stem cell. In this concise review, we elucidate recent emerging topics on microbiotic alterations and underlying mechanisms in stem cell ageing.
Paeoniflorin protects spiral ganglion neurons from cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity: Possible relation to PINK1/BAD pathway
Authors: Yu Xiaoyu , Man Rongjun , Li Yanan , Yang Qianqian , Li Hongrui , Yang Huiming , Bai Xiaohui , Yin Haiyan , Li Jianfeng , Wang Haibo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to elucidate whether paeoniflorin (PF) exerted an effect on cisplatin‐induced spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) damage, with special attention given to the role of PINK1/BAD pathway in this process. Middle cochlear turn culture and C57BL/6 mice were utilized to identify the character of PF in vitro and in vivo. We found that cisplatin treatment led to SGN damage, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation increased, PINK1 expression decreased, BAD accumulation on mitochondria raised and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway activated. Conversely, we demonstrated that PF pre‐treatment obviously mitigated cisplatin‐induced SGN damage. Mechanistic studies showed that PF could reduce ROS levels, increase PINK1 expression, decrease the BAD accumulation on mitochondria and, thus, alleviate the activated mitochondrial apoptosis in SGNs caused by cisplatin. Overall, the findings from this work reveal the important role of PF and provide another strategy against cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity.
Computation fluid dynamics design of a plate fin heat exchanger with different transverse vortex generators for food processing
Authors: Rinaldi Massimiliano , Malavasi Matteo , Cordioli Matteo , Barbanti Davide 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this work, the performance of a plate heat exchanger with rectangular, rhombus, and elliptical vortex generators with 3, 5, and 7 mm width and 3, 6, and 9 mm height were investigated by means of computation fluid dynamics (CFD). Moreover, seven flow rates (from 0.01 to 1 ms−1) were tested and 196 CFD models were obtained. Heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, Colburn j, and Fanning f factor were considered to evaluate the performance of the heat exchanger. The best heat exchange was obtained for rhombus wings and the highest Colburn j factor was obtained for 7 mm width and 6 mm height. The lowest pressure drop was obtained for 3 mm width and 3 mm height elliptical wings. Regarding surface reduction, the best result for all the geometries was with 5 mm width and 9 mm height, allowing a possible reduction of 25, 26, and 23% for rectangular, rhombus, and elliptical geometry.Practical applicationsPlate heat exchangers are extensively used for continuous thermal processing of liquid foods without particles in suspension and with low viscosity. In the last decades, due to the increasing demand of high quality foods and energy saving, increasing the overall heat transfer performances of food processes became crucial for the sector. Computation fluid dynamics (CFD) technique can contribute to understanding food fluid flows inside heat exchangers and in supporting equipment design. Product and process quality can be improved with minimum cost and time investment. In this work CFD was used for studying the performances of a plate heat exchanger with different passive vortex generators presenting different shapes and dimensions. The simulated data allowed identifying the best geometry with the best balance between heat performance improvements and pressure losses. The proposed approach successfully applied to Newtonian fluid could be extended also to non‐Newtonian liquid foods and to different plate heat exchanger design.
Process analytical technology for bakery industry: A review
Authors: Jerome Rifna E. , Singh Sushil K. , Dwivedi Madhuresh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBakery products are appreciably consumed by the populace of all age groups globally, owing to their flavor and easily digestible nature. The availability of diversified products like bread, cookies, biscuits, muffins, cakes, tortillas, rolls, wafers, and pies has further facilitated their consumption. However, variation in processing parameters and raw material quality triggers many biochemical changes, complex reactions, and physical modifications which are intricate and least understood in the food industry till date. Many operational and product failures have been discovered owing to this poor assimilation of controls in the baking process. In this scenario, bakery manufacturers are increasingly considering the adoption of process analytical technology initiated by the United States Food and Drug Administration to facilitate the production of bakery products with increased safety, product quality, and process efficacy. Studies on the applications of process analytical technology for the bakery industry are outlined and reviewed through this article.Practical ApplicationsProcess analytical techniques are suitable in monitoring various unit operations within a bakery industry that requires process optimization and are sensitive to process extremities of time and temperature. Applications of process analytical technology (PAT) in the bakery unit varies from ingredient metering to optimizing mixing parameters, monitoring baking process and quality analysis of the final product. It possesses fast, reliable, real‐time, and nondestructive evaluation, which makes it a process of choice. Moreover, the need for the development of calibration models, sensors, and chemometrics restrict the adoption of PAT in the bakery industry. Therefore, future research aiding to the progress of PAT technique equipped with strong data tools that enhance understanding of critical points in the process and product line is warranted.
Hydrodynamic cavitation and its application in food and beverage industry: A review
Authors: Asaithambi Niveditha , Singha Poonam , Dwivedi Madhuresh , Singh Sushil K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is a process in which high energy is released in a flowing liquid upon bubble implosion due to decrease and subsequent increase in local pressure. While cavitation has been a serious problem in a hydraulic system, its energy can be harnessed for various physical and chemical processes. Food and beverage industries have been utilizing the principle of HC as a tool to homogenize, pasteurize, break, or mix food macromolecules. In this review article, the principle, design aspects, and different application of hydrodynamic cavitators in food and beverage processing are described in details. Advantages over acoustic cavitation, comparative studies, and future prospects of HC in food and beverage industries are also discussed.Practical ApplicationsIn this fast‐developing world, food industries are thriving to adopt energy efficient advanced technologies. Hydrodynamic cavitators are popular in dairy research facilities and industries. Hydrodynamic cavitation has the advantages in lowering the capital cost, reducing production time, enhancing production efficiency, and food safety while preserving the quality of the food product. Hydrodynamic cavitators can be utilized for the purpose of extraction, emulsification, sterilization, and homogenization. Large‐scale application of hydrodynamic cavitators is still not common and there is scope for its applications in different food and beverage industries.
Effect of high pressure processing on fibrinolytic activity of fruit bromelain in vivo
Authors: Zhi Nan‐Nan , Zong Kai , Jia Xiao‐Yi , Wang Lin , Liang Juan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAiming at exploring how high pressure processing (HPP) affects the fibrinolytic activity of fruit bromelain (FB) in vivo, the obtained FB was subjected to HPP treatment (300 MPa, 20°C for 20 min) before advanced structure was determined; then six groups of rats were fed with various dosages of enzymes (0.5–1.5 mL/kg·bw) and six target parameters of blood plasma were analyzed. Structural measurements revealed that, by comparison with FB, HPP treated FB (HPP‐FB) showed an increase (7.67%) in α‐helix and its fluorescence intensities were increased by 42.5%, 78.7% at the excitation wavelength of 295 nm, 280 nm, respectively. As to the fibrinolytic activity, compared with the blank control, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) of Group 8 (highest HPP‐FB dosage) were markedly increased (p < .05) by 18.40%, 16.57%, and 10.68% separately, while fibrinogen (FIB) was significantly decreased (p < .05) by 13.88%. Besides, compared with the positive control, the highest HPP‐FB dosage performed almost the same function as aspirin. The results indicated that, compared with FB, the fibrinolytic activity of HPP‐FB was obviously increased which might be attributed to the increase of α‐helix and the exposure of tryptophan residues and tyrosine residues.Practical applicationsThe results in this research suggested that HPP treatment could effectively enhance the fibrinolytic activity of fruit bromelain in vivo and increase the added‐value as well as market competitiveness of pineapple‐derived products. HPP‐FB could potentially be used in the development of a new functional food that can prevent thrombosis.