bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology, characteristics, and survival of post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer in Asia: A population‐based study
Authors: Cheung Ka Shing , Chen Lijia , Seto Wai Kay , Leung Wai K 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and AimPopulation‐based studies on post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer (CRC) from Asia are sparse. We aimed to determine the characteristics and predictive factors and survival of post‐colonoscopy CRC in Hong Kong.MethodsThis is a territory‐wide retrospective cohort study. Patients aged ≥ 40 years with colonoscopies performed between 2005 and 2013 without history of CRCs, inflammatory bowel disease, and prior colectomy were included. Post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer for an interval of 3 years (PCCRC‐3y) was defined as CRC diagnosed between 6 and 36 months after index colonoscopy, whereas CRC diagnosed within 6 months of index colonoscopy was regarded as “detected CRC.” We used multivariable logistic regression to derive adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of PCCRC‐3y and Cox model for adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of cancer‐specific mortality after CRC diagnosis.ResultsOf the 197 902 eligible patients, 10 005 (92.1%) were detected CRC and 854 (7.9%) PCCRC‐3y. The median age at PCCRC‐3y diagnosis was 75.9 years (interquartile range: 65.5–83.8)—a delay of 1.2 years (interquartile range: 0.8–1.9) from index colonoscopy—and 60.1% were male. Predictive factors for PCCRC‐3y included older age (aOR: 1.07), male sex (aOR: 1.45), history of colonic polyps (aOR: 1.31), polypectomy/biopsy at index colonoscopy (aOR: 3.97), surgical endoscopists (aOR: 1.53), and a higher center annual endoscopy volume. Independent predictive factors for cancer‐specific mortality after CRC diagnosis included PCCRC‐3y (aHR: 1.32), proximal cancer location (aHR: 1.80), and certain patient factors.ConclusionThe PCCRC‐3y rate was 7.9% in Hong Kong, with a high proportion (> 80%) of distal cancers and a higher cancer‐specific mortality compared with detected CRC.
Brain Aging in Midlife: The Beaver Dam Offspring Study
Authors: Schubert Carla R. , Fischer Mary E. , Pinto A. Alex , Chen Yanjun , Klein Barbara E.K. , Klein Ronald , Tsai Michael Y. , Tweed Ted S. , Cruickshanks Karen J. 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVESMiddle age has been identified as a critical time period for health later in life. Identifying factors associated with worse brain function in middle‐aged adults may help identify ways to preserve brain function with aging. Our objective was to evaluate factors associated with a novel measure of brain aging in middle‐aged and older adults.DESIGNLongitudinal cohort study.SETTINGBeaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS) baseline (2005‐2008), 5‐year (2010‐2013), and 10‐year examinations (2015‐2017).PARTICIPANTSA total of 2285 adults, 22 to 84 years of age, with complete sensorineural and neurocognitive data at the 5‐year examination.MEASUREMENTSPrincipal component analysis (PCA) was performed combining 5‐year sensorineural (hearing, vision, olfaction) and cognitive (Trail Making Test A and B, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test) test data. Participants with a standardized PCA score less than −1 were classified as having brain aging. Incident brain aging was defined as a PCA score less than −1 at 10 years among participants who had a PCA score of −1 or higher at 5 years. Logistic regression and Poisson models were used to estimate associations between baseline factors and prevalent or incident brain aging, respectively.RESULTSOlder age, being male, current smoking, larger waist circumference, not consuming alcohol, cardiovascular disease, and interleukin‐6 were associated with greater odds of prevalent brain aging, whereas more education and exercise were associated with decreased odds. In addition to age and sex, less than a college education, higher levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, diabetes, depressive symptoms, and history of head injury were associated with an increased 5‐year risk of incident brain aging.CONCLUSIONIn the current study, vascular and inflammatory factors were associated with a new brain aging marker in middle‐aged and older adults. Many of these factors are modifiable, highlighting the importance of addressing health and lifestyle factors in midlife to potentially preserve function for better brain health later in life. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1610–1616, 2019
Infrastructure and the environment in the Anthropocene
Authors: Chester Mikhail V. , Markolf Samuel , Allenby Braden 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFor centuries, man‐made infrastructure has been viewed as separate from natural systems. Yet in the past few centuries, as the scale and scope of human activities have dramatically increased, there is accumulating evidence that natural systems are becoming increasingly, and in some cases entirely, managed by humans. The dichotomy between infrastructure and the environment is narrowing, and natural systems are increasingly becoming human design spaces. This is already apparent with the management of hydrologic systems for urban water supply, wildlife, agriculture, forests, and even the atmosphere, and we can expect management of the environment to become more so as human activities grow. Yet our infrastructure largely remains obdurate. They are designed to last for long times even as changes in the environment and technology accelerate. As such, our current infrastructure paradigms fail at the level of the complex, integrated systems and behaviors that characterize the Anthropogenic Earth. Infrastructure in the future will need to be designed for adaptive capacity and the complexities associated with techno‐environmental systems.
The role of industrial ecology in food and agriculture's adaptation to climate change
Authors: Kendall Alissa , Spang Edward S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe food and agriculture sectors contribute significantly to climate change, but are also particularly vulnerable to its effects. Industrial ecology has robustly addressed these sectors’ contributions to climate change, but not their vulnerability to climate change. Climate change vulnerability must be addressed through development of climate change adaptation and resiliency strategies. However, there is a fundamental tension between the primary objectives of industrial ecology (efficiency, cyclic flows, and pollution prevention) and what is needed for climate change adaptation and resiliency. We develop here two potential ways through which the field can overcome (or work within) this tension and combine the tools and methods of industrial ecology with the science and process of climate change adaptation. The first layers industrial ecology tools on top of climate change adaptation strategies, allowing one to, for example, compare the environmental impacts of different adaptation strategies. The other embeds climate change adaptation and resiliency within industrial ecology tools, for example, by redefining the functional unit in life cycle assessment (LCA) to include functions of resiliency. In both, industrial ecology plays a somewhat narrow role, informing climate change adaptation and resilience decision‐making by providing quantitative indicators of environmental performance. This role for industrial ecology is important given the significant contributions and potential for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from food and agriculture. However, it suggests that industrial ecology's role in climate adaptation will be as an evaluator of adaptation strategies, rather than an originator.
Closing the loop on platinum from catalytic converters: Contributions from material flow analysis and circularity indicators
Authors: Saidani Michael , Kendall Alissa , Yannou Bernard , Leroy Yann , Cluzel François 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, material flow analysis (MFA) is applied to quantify and reduce the obstacles for advancing a circular economy (CE) of platinum (Pt) from catalytic converters (CC) in Europe. First, the value chain and related stakeholders are mapped out in an MFA‐like model to both facilitate the assessment of stocks and flows, and get a comprehensive view of potential action levers and resources to close‐the‐loop. Then, through the cross analysis of numerous data sources, two MFA are completed: (i) one general MFA, and (ii) one sector‐specific MFA, drawing a distinction between the fate of Pt from (a) light‐duty vehicles, under the European Union's End of Life Vehicle Directive 2000/EC/53, and (b) heavy‐duty and off‐road vehicles. Key findings reveal a leakage of around 15 tons of Pt outside the European market in 2017. Although approximately one quarter of the losses are due to in‐use dissipation, 65% are attributed to insufficient collection and unregulated exports. Comparing the environmental impact between primary and secondary production, it has been estimated that halving the leakage of Pt during usage and collection could prevent the energetic consumption of 1.3 × 103 TJ and the greenhouse gases emission of 2.5 × 102 kt CO2 eq. Through the lens of circularity indicators, activating appropriate action levers to enhance the CE performance of Pt in Europe is of utmost importance in order to secure future production of new generations of CC and fuel cells. Moreover, the growing stockpile of Pt from CC in use indicates the need for better collection mechanisms. Also, the CC attrition during use and associated Pt emissions in the environment appears non‐negligible. Based on the scarce and dated publications in this regard, we encourage further research for a sound understanding of this phenomenon that can negatively impact human health.
Comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose for the treatment of preoperative anemia in patients with menorrhagia: An open‐label, multicenter, randomized study
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Ryu Ki‐Jin , Lee Eun Sil , Lee Keun Ho , Lee Jeong Jae , Kim Tak 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo compare ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) with iron sucrose (IS) for the effective and timely treatment of preoperative iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in women with menorrhagia.MethodsThis open‐label, multicenter, two‐arm study randomized patients to receive either a single dose of FCM or multiple doses of IS. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved hemoglobin (Hb) levels ≥10 g/dL within 2 weeks after the first administration. Secondary endpoints included mean Hb levels, time to reach Hb ≥10 g/dL and quality of life (QoL).ResultsIn total, 101 patients (FCM n = 52; IS n = 49) were randomized to the study treatments. FCM was as effective as IS in achieving Hb ≥10 g/dL within 2 weeks after the first administration (78.8% vs 72.3%). The time to reach Hb ≥10 g/dL was significantly shorter in the FCM group than in the IS group (7.7 days vs 10.5 days). Mean Hb levels were higher in the FCM‐treated patients than in the IS‐treated patients with borderline significance. QoL scores did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionFerric carboxymaltose is as effective as IS in correcting preoperative IDA among patients with menorrhagia. The added benefits of FCM over IS included significant rapid correction of IDA, replenishment of iron stores and reduced hospital visits.
Prenatal diagnosis of 5p deletion syndrome: Report of five cases
Authors: Mak Annisa S. L. , Ma Teresa W. L. , Chan Kelvin Y. K. , Kan Anita S. Y. , Tang Mary H. Y. , Leung Kwok Y. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt is difficult to prenatally identify 5p deletion (−) syndrome. Here, we report five cases of 5p‐ syndrome diagnosed by invasive prenatal diagnosis. Of them, three had a small cerebellum in the second trimester. In one case, a prominent renal pelvis and an absent nasal bone were also found in the first trimester. However, there were no abnormal ultrasound findings in the other two cases. Two cases had noninvasive prenatal testing and one showed a ‘5p‐ syndrome positive result’ because of reduced amount of cell‐free DNA in 5p. Two had combined first‐trimester screening performed where one had a high‐risk result for trisomy 18 and a low pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A level. Two cases of 5p‐ syndrome resulted from a parental balanced translocation. Prenatal diagnosis will only be made on invasive prenatal diagnosis for abnormal ultrasound findings with small cerebellum, abnormal prenatal screening or a parental reciprocal translocation involving 5p.
Of Monkeys, Men and Menstruation: Gendered Dualisms and the Absent Referent in Mid‐Twentieth Century British Menstrual Science
Authors: Duxbury Catherine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I analyse the historical constructions of menstruation in mid‐twentieth century Britain. I examine the complex intertwining relations between the female human body and the female nonhuman body. My argument is twofold: firstly, I argue that endocrinological experiments on nonhuman animals' reproductive cycles were mobilised towards affirming a binary division of female/male, animal/human. This facilitated the perpetuation of patriarchal ideologies in British biomedical research. Secondly, I argue that as a result of these dualistic conceptualisations, the female nonhuman body intersected with the female human body in scientific discourses. These bodily transmutations in scientific research contributed towards a form of social control over women, strategically rendering them as ‘Other’ with nonhuman animals. I illustrate this using Carol J Adams' (2015) concept of the absent referent.
Using Process Evaluation for Implementation Success of Preschool‐Based Programs for Obesity Prevention: The TX Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study
Authors: Sharma Shreela V. , Chuang Ru‐Jye , Byrd‐Williams Courtney , Vandewater Elizabeth , Butte Nancy , Hoelscher Deanna M. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThrough the Texas Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration study, we implemented and evaluated a system‐oriented model of primary and secondary prevention approaches to mitigate obesity among low‐income Texas children aged 2 to 12 years. Primary prevention included implementing the Coordinated Approach To Child Health Early Childhood (CATCH EC) program in Head Start preschools. In this paper, we describe the methods and results of CATCH EC program process evaluation over 2 years of implementation.METHODSWe used a quasi‐experimental design with serial cross‐sectional data collected from Head Start centers across intervention and comparison catchment areas in Houston and Austin, Texas (intervention: N = 12 centers in 2012‐2013 [Year 1], N = 12 in 2013‐2014 [Year 2]; comparison: N = 13 centers in Year 1, N = 12 in Year 2). Process evaluation included center director and teacher surveys conducted in both years of implementation. We developed indices for implementation of CATCH EC and non‐CATCH health events at the centers.RESULTSImplementation scores were higher among intervention centers as compared to comparison centers across both years of implementation, and these differences were statistically significant (p < .01). There was also high variability in program implementation in intervention centers across both years ranging from 55% to 95%.CONCLUSIONThese implementation index strategies may inform future evaluation of preschool‐based obesity prevention program implementation.
N‐Acetyl‐d‐galactosamine prevents soya bean agglutinin‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in intestinal porcine epithelial cells
Authors: Zhao Bao , Che Dongsheng , Adams Seidu , Guo Nan , Han Rui , Zhang Chun , Qin Guixin , Farouk Mohammed Hamdy , Jiang Hailong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSoya bean agglutinin (SBA) is a glycoprotein and the main anti‐nutritional component in most soya bean feedstuffs. It is mainly a non‐fibre carbohydrate‐based protein and represents about 10% of soya bean‐based anti‐nutritional effects. In this study, we sought to determine the effects of N‐Acetyl‐D‐galactosamine (GalNAc or D‐GalNAc) on the damage induced by SBA on the membrane permeability and tight junction proteins of piglet intestinal epithelium (IPEC‐J2) cells. The IPEC‐J2 cells were pre‐cultured with 0, 0.125 × 10−4, 0.25 × 10−4, 0.5 × 10−4, 1.0 × 10−4 and 2.0 × 10−4 mmol/L GalNAc at different time period (1, 2, 4 and 8 hr) before being exposed to 0.5 mg/ml SBA for 24 hr. The results indicate that pre‐incubation with GalNAc mitigates the mechanical barrier injury as reflected by a significant increase in trans‐epithelial electric resistance (TEER) value and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in cell culture medium pre‐treated with GalNAc before incubation with SBA as both indicate a reduction in cellular membrane permeability. In addition, mRNA levels of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin‐3 were lower in the SBA‐treated groups without pre‐treatment with GalNAc. The mRNA expression of occludin was reduced by 17.3% and claudin‐3 by 42% (p < 0.01). Moreover, the corresponding protein expression levels were lowered by 17.8% and 43.5% (p < 0.05) respectively. However, in the GalNAc pre‐treated groups, occludin and claudin‐3 mRNAs were reduced by 1.6% (p > 0.05) and 2.7% (p < 0.01), respectively, while the corresponding proteins were reduced by 4.3% and 7.2% (p < 0.05). In conclusion, GalNAc may prevent the effect of SBA on membrane permeability and tight junction proteins on IPEC‐J2s.
Surrogate‐based toll optimization in a large‐scale heterogeneously congested network
Authors: Gu Ziyuan , Waller S. Travis , Saberi Meead 
Published: April 2019

AbstractToll optimization in a large‐scale dynamic traffic network is typically characterized by an expensive‐to‐evaluate objective function. In this paper, we propose two toll‐level problems (TLPs) integrated with a large‐scale simulation‐based dynamic traffic assignment model of Melbourne, Australia. The first TLP aims to control the pricing zone (PZ) through a time‐varying joint distance and delay toll such that the network fundamental diagram (NFD) of the PZ does not enter the congested regime. The second TLP is built upon the first TLP by further considering the minimization of the heterogeneity of congestion distribution in the PZ. To solve the two TLPs, a computationally efficient surrogate‐based optimization method, that is, regressing kriging with expected improvement sampling, is applied to approximate the simulation input–output mapping, which can balance well between local exploitation and global exploration. Results show that the two optimal TLP solutions reduce the average travel time in the PZ (entire network) by 29.5% (1.4%) and 21.6% (2.5%), respectively. Reducing the heterogeneity of congestion distribution achieves higher network flows in the PZ and a lower average travel time or a larger total travel time saving in the entire network.
Experience of neonatal intensive care unit nurses in providing developmentally‐supportive care: A qualitative study
Authors: Austin Betina , Downing Charlene , Hastings‐Tolsma Marie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMany challenges have been noted in the implementation of developmentally‐supportive care principles in neonatal intensive care units, despite evidence that adhering to such care principles achieves positive results for the neonate. The aim of this study was to explore and describe compliance in adhering to developmentally‐supportive care principles implemented in one neonatal intensive care unit in South Africa. An exploratory design was used in this qualitative study with purposive sampling to select eligible neonatal intensive care registered nurses (n = 14) as participants. Participants all worked in a 10 bed neonatal intensive care unit at a large tertiary care public hospital. Six audio‐recorded interviews were conducted, with recordings subsequently transcribed and analyzed. Three main themes were identified: value of developmentally‐supportive care, nature of developmentally‐supportive care, and barriers to developmentally‐supportive care. One of the main themes had subthemes, which substantiated the findings, and included parent involvement, nurse engagement, and holistic care. Study outcomes offer insight into the development or revision of policies and practices, which are crucial when implementing developmentally‐supportive care, particularly in resource‐poor settings where challenges are magnified.
Ecological responses to heavy rainfall depend on seasonal timing and multi‐year recurrence
Authors: Li Linfeng , Zheng Zhenzhen , Biederman Joel A. , Xu Cong , Xu Zhihong , Che Rongxiao , Wang Yanfen , Cui Xiaoyong , Hao Yanbin 
Published: April 2019

Summary

Heavy rainfall events are expected to increase in frequency and severity in the future. However, their effects on natural ecosystems are largely unknown, in particular with different seasonal timing of the events and recurrence over multiple years.

We conducted a 4 yr manipulative experiment to explore grassland response to heavy rainfall imposed in either the middle of, or late in, the growing season in Inner Mongolia, China. We measured hierarchical responses at individual, community and ecosystem levels.

Surprisingly, above‐ground biomass remained stable in the face of heavy rainfall, regardless of seasonal timing, whereas heavy rainfall late in the growing season had consistent negative impacts on below‐ground and total biomass. However, such negative biomass effects were not significant for heavy rainfall in the middle of the growing season. By contrast, heavy rainfall in the middle of the growing season had greater positive effects on ecosystem CO2 exchanges, mainly reflected in the latter 2 yr of the 4 yr experiment. This two‐stage response of CO2 fluxes was regulated by increased community‐level leaf area and leaf‐level photosynthesis and interannual variability of natural precipitation.

Overall, our study demonstrates that ecosystem impacts of heavy rainfall events crucially depend on the seasonal timing and multiannual recurrence. Plant physiological and morphological adjustment appeared to improve the capacity of the ecosystem to respond positively to heavy rainfall.
Tradeoffs among root morphology, exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses for phosphorus‐acquisition strategies of 16 crop species
Authors: Wen Zhihui , Li Hongbo , Shen Qi , Tang Xiaomei , Xiong Chuanyong , Li Haigang , Pang Jiayin , Ryan Megan H. , Lambers Hans , Shen Jianbo 
Published: April 2019

Summary

Plant roots exhibit diverse root functional traits to enable soil phosphorus (P) acquisition, including changes in root morphology, root exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses. Yet, whether these traits are differently coordinated among crop species to enhance P acquisition is unclear.

Here, eight root functional traits for P acquisition were characterized in 16 major herbaceous crop species grown in a glasshouse under limiting and adequate soil P availability.

We found substantial interspecific variation in root functional traits among species. Those with thinner roots showed more root branching and less first‐order root length, and had consistently lower colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), fewer rhizosheath carboxylates and reduced acid phosphatase activity. In response to limiting soil P, species with thinner roots showed a stronger response in root branching, first‐order root length and specific root length of the whole root system, Conversely, species with thicker roots exhibited higher colonization by AMF and/or more P‐mobilizing exudates in the rhizosheath.

We conclude that, at the species level, tradeoffs occur among the three groups of root functional traits we examined. Root diameter is a good predictor of the relative expression of these traits and how they change when P is limiting.