bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐influenzal triazole‐resistant aspergillosis following allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Talento Alida Fe , Dunne Katie , Murphy Niamh , O'Connell Brian , Chan Grace , Joyce Eimear Ann , Hagen Ferry , Meis Jacques F. , Fahy Ruairi , Bacon Larry , Vandenberge Elisabeth , Rogers Thomas R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryInfluenza virus infection is now recognised as a risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Delays in diagnosis contribute to delayed commencement of antifungal therapy. In addition, the emergence of resistance to first‐line triazole antifungal agents puts emphasis on early detection to prevent adverse outcomes. We present 2 allogeneic stem cell transplant patients who developed IPA due to triazole‐resistant Aspergillus fumigatus following influenza infection. We underline the challenges faced in the management of these cases, the importance of early diagnosis and need for surveillance given the emergence of triazole resistance.
The Relationship Between Heart Rate Variability, Psychological Flexibility, and Pain in Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Allen Taryn M. , Struemph Kari L. , Toledo‐Tamula Mary Anne , Wolters Pamela L. , Baldwin Andrea , Widemann Brigitte , Martin Staci 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIndividuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) can experience chronic pain. Previous research has examined the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and persistent pain. HRV is an index of autonomic nervous system functioning, and reflects the variability in time elapsed between heartbeats. Patients with chronic pain tend to exhibit lower HRV, which has been associated with poor adaptability, or psychological flexibility, to stress. The aim of the current study was to examine relationships between HRV, psychological flexibility, and pain in a sample of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with NF1 and PNs. AYA participants (n = 40) 16 to 34 years of age with NF1 completed baseline measures of pain and psychological functioning, and underwent a 5‐minute electrocardiogram (ECG). A subset of 20 participants completed follow‐up questionnaires and a second ECG 8 weeks later. Spectral analyses of ECGs yielded a measure of high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV). Baseline correlations revealed that lower HF‐HRV is related to greater inflexibility and more pain interference, but not pain intensity. Moreover, psychological inflexibility significantly mediated the relationship between HF‐HRV and pain interference. Finally, regression models indicated that baseline psychological inflexibility is a significant predictor of HF‐HRV at follow‐up and, separately, that baseline HF‐HRV significantly predicted pain intensity at follow‐up. These findings suggest complex mind–body processes in the experience of pain in NF1, which have not been studied previously. Implications for pain‐related interventions and future research are discussed.
Uveal melanoma driver mutations in GNAQ/11 yield numerous changes in melanocyte biology
Authors: Perez Dahlia E. , Henle Andrea M. , Amsterdam Adam , Hagen Hannah R. , Lees Jacqueline A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryUveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular cancer and has a high incidence of metastasis, which lacks any effective treatment. Here, we present zebrafish models of UM, which are driven by melanocyte‐specific expression of activating GNAQ or GNA11 alleles, GNAQ/11Q209L, the predominant initiating mutations for human UM. When combined with mutant tp53, GNAQ/11Q209L transgenics develop various melanocytic tumors, including UM, with near complete penetrance. These tumors display nuclear YAP localization and thus phenocopy human UM. We show that GNAQ/11Q209L expression induces profound melanocyte defects independent of tp53 mutation, which are apparent within 3 days of development. First, increases in melanocyte number, melanin content, and subcellular melanin distribution result in hyperpigmentation. Additionally, altered melanocyte migration, survival properties, and evasion of normal boundary cues lead to aberrant melanocyte localization and stripe patterning. Collectively, these data show that GNAQ/11Q209L is sufficient to induce numerous protumorigenic changes within melanocytes.
A pediatric case of squamous cell cancer in situ in the setting of sclerodermatous graft‐versus‐host disease and voriconazole treatment
Authors: Li Alvin W. , Lalor Leah E. , Bellodi Schmidt Fernanda , Luu Minnelly 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSclerodermatous graft‐versus‐host disease is a subtype of cutaneous chronic graft‐versus‐host disease that is characterized by sclerosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, resulting in debilitating contractures, among other life‐threatening complications. Children with sclerodermatous graft‐versus‐host disease are at high risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer because of several risk factors, including young age at transplantation, prolonged immunosuppression, and exposure to photosensitizing antimicrobial prophylaxis such as voriconazole. The immunosuppression required to treat sclerodermatous graft‐versus‐host disease makes effectively treating nonmelanoma skin cancer and sclerodermatous graft‐versus‐host disease in the same patient challenging. We describe a challenging case of a 6‐year‐old boy with a history of sclerodermatous graft‐versus‐host disease and voriconazole exposure presenting with squamous cell carcinoma in situ on the left temple and actinic keratoses on the scalp treated with topical chemotherapy agents.
Anisakis pegreffii impacts differentiation and function of human dendritic cells
Authors: Napoletano C. , Mattiucci S. , Colantoni A. , Battisti F. , Zizzari I. G. , Rahimi H. , Nuti M. , Rughetti A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHuman dendritic cells (DCs) show remarkable phenotypic changes when matured in the presence of helminth‐derived products. These modifications frequently elicited a polarization towards Th2 cells and regulatory T cells thus contributing to immunological tolerance against these pathogens. In this study, the interaction between DCs and larvae of the zoonotic anisakid nematode Anisakis pegreffii was investigated. A. pegreffii larvae were collected from fish hosts, and monocyte‐derived DCs were cocultured in the presence of the live larvae (L) or its crude extracts (CE). In both experimental conditions, A. pegreffii impacted DC viability, hampered DC maturation by reducing the expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation and migration (ie HLA‐DR, CD86, CD83 and CCR7), increased the phagosomal radical oxygen species (ROS) levels and modulated the phosphorylation of ERK1,2 pathway. These biological changes were accompanied by the impairment of DCs to activate a T‐cell‐mediated IFNγ. Interestingly, live larvae appeared to differently modulate DC secretion of cytokines and chemokines as compared to CE. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the immunomodulatory role of A. pegreffii on DCs biology and functions. In addition, they suggest a dynamic contribution of DCs to the induction and maintenance of the inflammatory response against A. pegreffii.
The impact of global warming on germination and seedling emergence in Alliaria petiolata, a woodland species with dormancy loss dependent on low temperature
Authors: Footitt S. , Huang Z. , Ölcer‐Footitt H. , Clay H. , Finch‐Savage W. E. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

The impact of global warming on seed dormancy loss and germination was investigated in Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard), a common woodland/hedgerow plant in Eurasia, considered invasive in North America. Increased temperature may have serious implications, since seeds of this species germinate and emerge at low temperatures early in spring to establish and grow before canopy development of competing species.

Dormancy was evaluated in seeds buried in field soils. Seedling emergence was also investigated in the field, and in a thermogradient tunnel under global warming scenarios representing predicted UK air temperatures through to 2080.

Dormancy was simple, and its relief required the accumulation of low temperature chilling time. Under a global warming scenario, dormancy relief and seedling emergence declined and seed mortality increased as soil temperature increased along a thermal gradient. Seedling emergence advanced with soil temperature, peaking 8 days earlier under 2080 conditions.

The results indicate that as mean temperature increases due to global warming, the chilling requirement for dormancy relief may not be fully satisfied, but seedling emergence will continue from low dormancy seeds in the population. Adaptation resulting from selection of this low dormancy proportion is likely to reduce the overall population chilling requirement. Seedling emergence is also likely to keep pace with the advancement of biological spring, enabling A. petiolata to maintain its strategy of establishment before the woodland canopy closes. However, this potential for adaptation may be countered by increased seed mortality in the seed bank as soils warm.
Transferring the freshwater dinoflagellate Peridinium wisconsinense (Dinophyceae) to the family Thoracosphaeraceae, with the description of Fusiperidinium gen. nov.
Authors: McCarthy Francine M.G. , Gu Haifeng , Mertens Kenneth N. , Carbonell‐Moore Consuelo , Krueger Andrea M. , Takano Yoshihito , Matsuoka Kazumi 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYDistinctive spindle‐shaped thecae first described by Samuel Eddy in 1930 and assigned to the genus Peridinium Ehrenberg are commonly reported from freshwater environments in eastern North America. We demonstrate that thecae incubated from cysts of Peridinium wisconsinense Eddy have six cingular plates and a protuberant apical pore complex characteristic of the family Thoracosphaeraceae Schiller 1930 emend. Tangen in Tangen et al. 1982. Small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences confirm the close genetic similarity with Chimonodinium lomnickii (Wołoszyńska) Craveiro, Calado, Daugbjerg, Gert Hansen & Moestrup and with species recently reassigned to the genus Apocalathium Craveiro, Daugbjerg, Moestrup & Calado that was inferred from previously published LSU rDNA analysis of cysts of P. wisconsinense. Despite sharing identical tabulation with the thoracosphaeracean genera Chimonodinium Craveiro, Calado, Daugbjerg, Gert Hansen & Moestrup and Apocalathium, substantial morphological differences in the morphology of both the thecate and cyst stages of P. wisconsinense led us to reassign this species to the genus Fusiperidinium gen. nov. The phylogenetic position of Fusiperidinium wisconsinense comb. nov., inferred from concatenated data of SSU and LSU sequences, suggests that it evolved from the brackish Scrippsiella lineage, independently of the transition that produced the family Peridiniaceae. Cysts described as Geiselodinium tyonekensis Engelhardt from nonmarine strata from Alaska are apparently identical to the resistant cysts produced by F. wisconsinense. The palynologically‐constrained late Middle Miocene age for the Tyonek Formation provides a minimum age of 11.6 Ma for the evolution of this lineage, coinciding with a rapid glacioeustatic decline in sea level. Our findings also call into question the inclusion of the family Thoracosphaeraceae within the order Peridiniales Haeckel.
Analysis of the functions of TaGW2 homoeologs in wheat grain weight and protein content traits
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Da , Zhang Dingbo , Zhao Xiaoge , Cao Xuemin , Dong Lingli , Liu Jinxing , Chen Kunling , Zhang Huawei , Gao Caixia , Wang Daowen 
Published: March 2018

SummaryGW2 is emerging as a key genetic determinant of grain weight in cereal crops; it has three homoeologs (TaGW2‐A1, ‐B1 and ‐D1) in hexaploid common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Here, by analyzing the gene editing mutants that lack one (B1 or D1), two (B1 and D1) or all three (A1, B1 and D1) homoeologs of TaGW2, several insights are gained into the functions of TaGW2‐B1 and ‐D1 in common wheat grain traits. First, both TaGW2‐B1 and ‐D1 affect thousand‐grain weight (TGW) by influencing grain width and length, but the effect conferred by TaGW2‐B1 is stronger than that of TaGW2‐D1. Second, there exists functional interaction between TaGW2 homoeologs because the TGW increase shown by a double mutant (lacking B1 and D1) was substantially larger than that of their single mutants. Third, both TaGW2‐B1 and ‐D1 modulate cell number and length in the outer pericarp of developing grains, with TaGW2‐B1 being more potent. Finally, TaGW2 homoeologs also affect grain protein content as this parameter was generally increased in the mutants, especially in the lines lacking two or three homoeologs. Consistent with this finding, two wheat end‐use quality‐related parameters, flour protein content and gluten strength, were considerably elevated in the mutants. Collectively, our data shed light on functional difference between and additive interaction of TaGW2 homoeologs in the genetic control of grain weight and protein content traits in common wheat, which may accelerate further research on this important gene and its application in wheat improvement.
Genetic diversity and evolution of reduced sulfur storage during domestication of maize
Authors: Li Xinxin , Han Yang , Yan Yan , Messing Joachim , Xu Jian‐Hong 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe domestication of maize has spanned a period of over 9000 years, during which time its wild relative teosinte underwent natural and artificial selection. We hypothesize that environmental conditions could have played a major role in this process. One factor of environmental variation is soil composition, which includes sulfur availability. Sulfur is reduced during photosynthesis and is used to synthesize cysteine and methionine, which drive the accumulation of δ10 (Zm00001d045937), δ18 (Zm00001d037436), β15 (Zm00001d035760), γ16 (Zm00001d005793), γ27 (Zm00001d020592), and γ50 (Zm00001d020591) zeins, representing the zein2 fraction (z2) of storage proteins in maize seeds. In this study, polymorphisms and haplotypes were detected based on six z2 genes in 60 maize and teosintes lines. Haplotypes were unevenly distributed, and abundant genetic diversity was found in teosintes. Polymorphism was highest in z2δ18, whereas for z2β15 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density and insertion/deletion (indel) abundance were the lowest, indicating differential roles in seed evolution. Indels showed a clustered distribution, and most of these derived from teosintes. The indels not only led to tandem repeat polymorphisms, but also to frameshift mutations, which could also be used as null variants. In addition, neutral evolutionary tests, phylogenetic analyses, and population structures indicated that z2δ10 and z2γ50 had undergone natural selection. Indeed, a natural selection imprint could also be found with z2γ27 and z2γ16, whereas z2δ18 and z2β15 tended to be under neutral evolution. These results suggested that genetic diversity and evolution of a subset of sulfur‐rich zeins could be under environmental adaptation during maize domestication.
Host‐ and stage‐dependent secretome of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
Authors: Zeng Tian , Holmer Rens , Hontelez Jan , te Lintel‐Hekkert Bas , Marufu Lucky , de Zeeuw Thijs , Wu Fangyuan , Schijlen Elio , Bisseling Ton , Limpens Erik 
Published: March 2018

SummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form the most wide‐spread endosymbiosis with plants. There is very little host specificity in this interaction, however host preferences as well as varying symbiotic efficiencies have been observed. We hypothesize that secreted proteins (SPs) may act as fungal effectors to control symbiotic efficiency in a host‐dependent manner. Therefore, we studied whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi adjust their secretome in a host‐ and stage‐dependent manner to contribute to their extremely wide host range. We investigated the expression of SP‐encoding genes of Rhizophagus irregularis in three evolutionary distantly related plant species, Medicago truncatula, Nicotiana benthamiana and Allium schoenoprasum. In addition we used laser microdissection in combination with RNA‐seq to study SP expression at different stages of the interaction in Medicago. Our data indicate that most expressed SPs show roughly equal expression levels in the interaction with all three host plants. In addition, a subset shows significant differential expression depending on the host plant. Furthermore, SP expression is controlled locally in the hyphal network in response to host‐dependent cues. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the R. irregularis secretome, which now offers a solid basis to direct functional studies on the role of fungal SPs in AM symbiosis.
Maternal components of RNA‐directed DNA methylation are required for seed development in Brassica rapa
Authors: Grover Jeffrey W. , Kendall Timmy , Baten Abdul , Burgess Diane , Freeling Michael , King Graham J. , Mosher Rebecca A. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySmall RNAs trigger repressive DNA methylation at thousands of transposable elements in a process called RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM). The molecular mechanism of RdDM is well characterized in Arabidopsis, yet the biological function remains unclear, as loss of RdDM in Arabidopsis causes no overt defects, even after generations of inbreeding. It is known that 24 nucleotide Pol IV‐dependent siRNAs, the hallmark of RdDM, are abundant in flowers and developing seeds, indicating that RdDM might be important during reproduction. Here we show that, unlike Arabidopsis, mutations in the Pol IV‐dependent small RNA pathway cause severe and specific reproductive defects in Brassica rapa. High rates of abortion occur when seeds have RdDM mutant mothers, but not when they have mutant fathers. Although abortion occurs after fertilization, RdDM function is required in maternal somatic tissue, not in the female gametophyte or the developing zygote, suggesting that siRNAs from the maternal soma might function in filial tissues. We propose that recently outbreeding species such as B. rapa are key to understanding the role of RdDM during plant reproduction.
Monitoring of pH and temperature of neuropathic diabetic and nondiabetic foot ulcers for 12 weeks: An observational study
Authors: Gethin Georgina , O'Connor Gerard M. , Abedin Jaynal , Newell John , Flynn Louisa , Watterson David , O'Loughlin Aorghus 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWound bed assessment is largely reliant on subjective interpretation without recourse to objective tools or biomarkers. The identification of a point of care, reliable biomarker would enhance assessment and ultimately clinical decision making. Two potentially emerging wound biomarkers exist: surface pH and surface temperature. To date, knowledge of their use has been predominantly in wound prevention, in vitro studies and single time measurements. Our objective was to determine surface pH, size, and surface temperature in noninfected, neuropathic foot ulcers at baseline and at 12 weeks. 50 patients (68% [n = 34] had diabetes) participated. Mean baseline pH of wounds was 6.95 (SD 1.01); temperature 30.91 °C (SD 3.00); and size 0.82 cm2 (SD 0.61). After 12 weeks, 26% (n = 13) were lost to follow‐up, 50% (n = 25) had healed. Of the remaining patients, mean pH was 6.72 (SD 0.54); temperature 30.88 °C (SD 2.97), and size 0.13 cm2 (SD 0.13). We have provided baseline values for pH and temperature of noninfected, neuropathic diabetic, and nondiabetic foot ulceration. Further studies in a larger cohort are warranted to determine if temperature and or pH are indicative of a healing or nonhealing state.
Influence of Occupational Socialization on the Perspectives and Practices of Adapted Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Park Chan Woong , Curtner-Smith Matthew D. 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to describe and examine the occupational socialization of nine adapted physical educators (APEs). The questions we attempted to answer were (a) What were the perspectives and practices of the APEs? and (b) What factors influenced these perspectives and practices? Data were collected through six qualitative techniques and analyzed by using analytic induction and constant comparison. At the time the study was conducted, the APEs possessed traditional or progressive teaching orientations. They had been attracted to a career as an APE through their participation in sport and physical activity and interactions with persons with disabilities. The quality of adapted physical education teacher education the APEs received varied, but high-quality adapted physical education teacher education appeared to exert a powerful influence on their values and pedagogies. The school cultures and conditions in which the APEs worked on entry into the workforce either served to support or negate their programs. We conclude the paper by providing several hypotheses regarding the influences of occupational socialization on in-service APEs’ teaching.
Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Candida guilliermondii and Candida fermentati
Authors: Hirayama Tatsuro , Miyazaki Taiga , Yamagishi Yuka , Mikamo Hiroshige , Ueda Takashi , Nakajima Kazuhiko , Takesue Yoshio , Higashi Yoshitsugu , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Kimura Muneyoshi , Araoka Hideki , Taniguchi Shuichi , Fukuda Yuichi , Matsuo Yumi , Furutani Akiko , Yamashita Kohei , Takazono Takahiro , Saijo Tomomi , Shimamura Shintaro , Yamamoto Kazuko , Imamura Yoshifumi , Izumikawa Koichi , Yanagihara Katsunori , Kohno Shigeru , Mukae Hiroshi 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

A total of 46 clinical isolates of
Candida guilliermondii
and
Candida famata
were reidentified genetically, resulting in 27
C. guilliermondii
and 12
Candida fermentati
strains. The majority of
C. guilliermondii
strains, but not
C. fermentati
strains, were isolated from blood cultures.
C. fermentati
was more sensitive to antifungals, hydrogen peroxide, and killing by murine macrophages than was
C. guilliermondii
. The
C. guilliermondii
isolates were echinocandin susceptible
in vitro
but resistant to micafungin in a murine model of invasive candidiasis.