bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic landslide ensemble prediction systems: lessons to be learned from hydrology
Authors: Canli Ekrem , Mergili Martin , Thiebes Benni , Glade Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Landslide forecasting and early warning has a long tradition in landslide
research and is primarily carried out based on empirical and statistical
approaches, e.g., landslide-triggering rainfall thresholds. In the last
decade, flood forecasting started the operational mode of so-called ensemble
prediction systems following the success of the use of ensembles for weather
forecasting. These probabilistic approaches acknowledge the presence of
unavoidable variability and uncertainty when larger areas are considered and
explicitly introduce them into the model results. Now that highly detailed
numerical weather predictions and high-performance computing are becoming more
common, physically based landslide forecasting for larger areas is becoming
feasible, and the landslide research community could benefit from the
experiences that have been reported from flood forecasting using ensemble
predictions. This paper reviews and summarizes concepts of ensemble
prediction in hydrology and discusses how these could facilitate improved
landslide forecasting. In addition, a prototype landslide forecasting system
utilizing the physically based TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability) model is presented to highlight how
such forecasting systems could be implemented. The paper concludes with a
discussion of challenges related to parameter variability and uncertainty,
calibration and validation, and computational concerns.
Multi-channel and multi-polarization radar measurements around the NEEM site
Authors: Li Jilu , Vélez González Jose A. , Leuschen Carl , Harish Ayyangar , Gogineni Prasad , Montagnat Maurine , Weikusat Ilka , Rodriguez-Morales Fernando , Paden John 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Ice properties inferred from multi-polarization measurements, such as birefringence and crystal orientation fabric (COF), can provide insight into ice strain, viscosity, and ice flow. In 2008, the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) used a ground-based VHF (very high frequency) radar to take multi-channel and multi-polarization measurements around the NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling) site. The system operated with 30 MHz bandwidth at a center frequency of 150 MHz. This paper describes the radar system, antenna configurations, data collection, and processing and analysis of this data set. Within the framework derived from uniaxial ice crystal model, we found that ice birefringence dominates the power variation patterns of co-polarization and cross-polarization measurements in the area of 100 km2 around the ice core site. The phase shift between ordinary and extraordinary waves increases nonlinearly with depth. The ice optic axis lies in planes that are close to the vertical plane and perpendicular or parallel to the ice divide depending on depth. The ice optic axis has an average tilt angle of about 11.6° vertically, and its plane may rotate either clockwise or counterclockwise by about 10° across the 100 km2 area, and at a specific location the plane may rotate slightly counterclockwise as depth increases. Comparisons between the radar observations, simulations, and ice core fabric data are in very good agreement. We calculated the effective colatitude at different depths by using azimuth and colatitude measurements of the c axis of ice crystals. We obtained an average effective c axis tilt angle of 9.6° from the vertical axis, very comparable to the average optic axis tilt angle estimated from radar polarization measurements. The comparisons give us confidence in applying this polarimetric radio echo sounding technique to infer profiles of ice fabric in locations where there are no ice core measurements.
From standard wind measurements to spectral characterization: turbulence length scale and distribution
Authors: Kelly Mark 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. In wind energy, the effect of turbulence upon turbines is typically
simulated using wind “input” time series based on turbulence spectra. The
velocity components' spectra are characterized by the amplitude of turbulent
fluctuations, as well as the length scale corresponding to the dominant
eddies. Following the IEC standard, turbine load calculations commonly
involve use of the Mann spectral-tensor model to generate time series of the
turbulent three-dimensional velocity field. In practice, this spectral-tensor
model is employed by adjusting its three parameters: the dominant turbulence
length scale LMM (peak length scale of an undistorted isotropic
velocity spectrum), the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic
energy ε, and the turbulent eddy-lifetime (anisotropy)
parameter Γ. Deviation from “ideal” neutral sheared turbulence –
i.e., for non-zero heat flux and/or heights above the surface layer – is, in
effect, captured by setting these parameters according to observations. Previously, site-specific {LMM,ε,Γ} values were
obtainable through fits to measured three-dimensional velocity component
spectra recorded with sample rates resolving the inertial range of
turbulence (≳1 Hz); however, this is not feasible in most
industrial wind energy projects, which lack multi-dimensional sonic
anemometers and employ loggers that record measurements averaged over
intervals of minutes. Here a form is derived for the shear dependence implied
by the eddy-lifetime prescription within the Mann spectral-tensor model,
which leads to derivation of useful forms of the turbulence length scale.
Subsequently it is shown how LMM can be calculated from
commonly measured site-specific atmospheric parameters, namely mean wind
shear (dU∕dz) and standard deviation of streamwise
fluctuations (σu). The derived LMM can be obtained from
standard (10 min average) cup anemometer measurements, in contrast with an
earlier form based on friction velocity. The new form is tested across several different conditions and sites, and it
is found to be more robust and accurate than estimates relying on friction
velocity observations. Assumptions behind the derivations are also tested,
giving new insight into rapid-distortion theory and eddy-lifetime modeling –
and application – within the atmospheric boundary layer. The work herein
further shows that distributions of turbulence length scale, obtained using
the new form with typical measurements, compare well with distributions
P(LMM) obtained by fitting to spectra from research-grade sonic
anemometer measurements for the various flow regimes and sites analyzed. The
new form is thus motivated by and amenable to site-specific probabilistic
loads characterization.
Corrupção: causas, perspectivas e a discussão sobre o princípio do "bis in idem"
Authors: Fortini Cristiana , Shermam Ariane 
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho aborda as dificuldades conceituais que cercam o tema da corrupção, bem como as causas do fenômeno, com o fim de compreender o cenário em que se inserem as leis anticorrupção, em seu conjunto, e de torná-las mais efetivas. Parte-se do estudo dos pontos de aproximação entre a Lei de Improbidade Administrativa e a Lei Anticorrupção, ambos diplomas legais inseridos no contexto maior de controle da corrupção no país, bem como das possíveis incongruências entre as respectivas disciplinas. Enquanto a Lei de Improbidade visa coibir agentes públicos que praticam condutas definidas como ímprobas, a Lei Anticorrupção se volta à responsabilização objetiva, administrativa e cível, das pessoas jurídicas que praticam as condutas nela proibidas. Em ambas as leis, entretanto, se admite a coautoria ou participação de terceiros, pessoas físicas ou jurídicas, na realização das infrações tipificadas. Entende-se, portanto, que o cauteloso exame dos regimes de ambas as leis no que tange aos sujeitos ativos, condutas vedadas e sanções cominadas é necessário para afastar a possibilidade de dupla responsabilização. Quer-se evitar, assim, o bis in idem na aplicação das leis em comento. A pesquisa teórica, de cunho jurídico-dogmático, utilizou-se principalmente de dados diretos, primários e secundários, visando contribuir para a interpretação e aplicação mais adequada à finalidade de interesse coletivo que é o controle da corrupção.
From validity to clinical utility: the influence of circulating tumorDNAon melanoma patient management in a real‐world setting
Authors: Rowe Steven P. , Luber Brandon , Makell Monique , Brothers Patricia , Santmyer JoAnn , Schollenberger Megan D. , Quinn Hannah , Edelstein Daniel L. , Jones Frederick S. , Bleich Karen B. , Sharfman William H. , Lipson Evan J. 
Published: August 2018

Melanoma currently lacks a reliable blood‐based biomarker of disease activity, although circulating tumorDNA(ctDNA) may fill this role. We investigated the clinical utility (i.e., impact on clinical outcomes and interpretation of radiographic data) of measuring ctDNAin patients with metastatic or high‐risk resected melanoma. Patients were prospectively accrued into ≥ 1 of three cohorts, as follows. Cohort A: patients with radiographically measurable metastatic melanoma who underwent comparison of ctDNAmeasured by aBEAMing digitalPCRassay to tissue mutational status and total tumor burden; when appropriate, determinations about initiation of targeted therapy were based on ctDNAdata. Cohorts B and C: patients withBRAF‐ orNRAS‐mutant melanoma who had either undergone surgical resection of high‐risk disease (cohort B) or were receiving or had received medical therapy for advanced disease (cohort C). Patients were followed longitudinally with serial ctDNAmeasurements with contemporaneous radiographic imaging to ascertain times to detection of disease activity and progressive disease, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the ctDNAassay were 86.8% and 100%, respectively. Higher tumor burden and visceral metastases were found to be associated with detectable ctDNA. In two patients in cohort A, ctDNAtest results revealed a targetable mutation where tumor testing had not; both patients experienced a partial response to targeted therapy. In four of 30 patients with advanced melanoma, ctDNAassessments indicated evidence of melanoma activity that predicted radiographic evidence of disease progression by 8, 14, 25, and 38 weeks, respectively. CtDNAwas detectable in three of these four patients coincident with radiographic evaluations that alone were interpreted as showing no evidence of neoplastic disease. Our findings provide evidence for the clinical utility of integrating ctDNAdata in managing patients with melanoma in a real‐world setting.
Predictors of response to opicinumab in acute optic neuritis
Authors: Cadavid Diego , Balcer Laura , Galetta Steven , Aktas Orhan , Ziemssen Tjalf , Vanopdenbosch Ludo J. , Leocani Letizia , Freedman Mark S. , Plant Gordon T. , Preiningerova Jana Lizrova , Ziemssen Focke , Massacesi Luca , Chai Yi , Xu Lei ,   the RENEW Study Investigators
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate prespecified and post hoc analyses inRENEWsubgroups to identify participants more likely to benefit from opicinumab.MethodsRENEWassessed the efficacy/safety of opicinumab versus placebo in participants with a first unilateral acute optic neuritis (AON) episode. Difference in visual evoked potential (VEP) latency of the affected eye at 24 weeks versus the fellow eye at baseline was the primary endpoint. Interactions between the primary endpoint and prespecified baseline variables (including age, timing of treatment initiation, and visual impairment) using the median as cut‐off were evaluated in the per protocol population using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA); subgroups based on preexisting brain T2 lesion volume were also analyzed. Interactions between the primary endpoint and retinal ganglion cell layer/inner plexiform layer (RGCL/IPL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were assessed post hoc as was weight gain by treatment.ResultsTreatment benefit of opicinumab (n = 33) over placebo (n = 36) on the primary endpoint was greatest in participants older than the median age at baseline (≥33 years); the difference versus placebo for baseline age ≥33 years was −14.17 msec [P = 0.01] versus −0.89 msec for baseline age <33 years, [P = 0.87]). Post hoc analysis showed thatVEPlatency recovery was significantly associated with lessRGCL/IPLthinning (P = 0.0164), occurring early on.InterpretationAge was the strongest prespecified baseline characteristic associated with a treatment effect of opicinumab. A strong association betweenVEPlatency recovery at week 24 and earlyRGCL/IPLpreservation was observed.
Strategies on Phase Control in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Wang Renyan , Yu Yiwei , Zhou Shasha , Li Huiqiao , Wong Hoilun , Luo Zhengtang , Gan Lin , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) consist of dozens of ultrathin layered materials that have significantly different properties due to their varied phases, which determine the properties and application range of TMDs. Interestingly, a controllable phase transition in TMDs is achieved extensively with the use of several methods. Thus, phase control is a promising way to fully exploit the potential of TMDs. This review introduces the recent rapid development of the study of the TMD phase control, starting from the basic conception of the phase and phase transition in TMDs to the strategies for obtaining phase control. The different strategies are roughly classified into several types based on their characteristics: doping, synthesis method, strain, thermal method, and interlayer coupling. Finally, an evaluation on the prospect of the emergent strategies is provided.
Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Thiazoles from Enamines and Elemental Sulfur through C−S Bond Formation
Authors: Wu Mingzhong , Jiang Yong , An Zhenyu , Qi Zhenjie , Yan Rulong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn atom economical approach for the synthesis of substituted thiazoles starting from enamines and elemental sulfur through the C−H functionalization/C−S bond formation is described. Under the optimized conditions, various substituted enamines reacted smoothly with elemental sulfur and the desired substituted thiazoles were generated in moderate to excellent yields.magnified image
Ferroelectric Negative Capacitance Field Effect Transistor
Authors: Tu Luqi , Wang Xudong , Wang Jianlu , Meng Xiangjian , Chu Junhao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith the progress in silicon circuit miniaturization, lowering power consumption becomes the major objective. Supply voltage scaling in ultralarge‐scale integration (ULSI) is limited by the physical barrier termed “Boltzmann Tyranny.” Moreover, considerable heat is inevitably generated from the ultrahighly integrated circuit. To solve these problems, a ferroelectric negative capacitance field‐effect transistor (Fe‐NCFET) is proposed in order to reduce the subthreshold swing (SS) through internal voltage amplification mechanism, thus effectively scaling the supply voltage and significantly lowering the power dissipation of ULSI. In this Review, representative research results on NCFET are comprehensively reviewed to offer benefits for further study. Here, the background and significance of NCFETs are introduced, and the physical essence of negative capacitance effect is reviewed. Then, physical models and simulation methods of NCFETs are classified and discussed under the consideration of three basic gate structures. Several influencing factors of device performance such as SS, on‐off ratio, and hysteresis, are also theoretically analyzed. Moreover, the experimental results of NCFETs based on different ferroelectric materials are summarized. Finally, with the combination of NC effect and two‐dimentional materials, FinFET, and tunneling FET, respectively, several novel and potential NCFETs are presented, and the outlook of NCFETs is proposed.
Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection and radiation treatment for rectal cancer: Mutually exclusive or mutually beneficial?
Authors: Sammour Tarik , Chang George J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLateral pelvic lymph nodes (LPLN) in mid‐/low rectal cancer pose a theoretical and practical challenge for the clinician and the patient, with geographical differences in management based on historical competing priorities. Although there has been a tendency to think of neoadjuvant radiation versus intraoperative LPLN dissection as a binary choice, they should be more constructively seen as complementary options in the personalized management of patients with rectal cancer. Herein we propose one potential algorithm for using these treatment options in this way based on local preoperative staging and the current evidence available. We also outline future research priorities in this area with the aim of answering several residual questions that remain.
Solution‐Processable, Transparent Polyimide for High‐Performance High‐kNanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Dielectric Applications in Transistors
Authors: Yu Yang‐Yen , Chiu Chi‐Ting , Chueh Chu‐Chen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, a well‐soluble and highly transparent polyimide (PI) consisting of 9,9‐bis (3‐amino‐4‐hydroxyphenyl) fluorine (BAHPF) and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA)) was synthesized by a high temperature polycondensation reaction. By further reacting with zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) through hydrolysis and condensation reaction, high‐kPI/ZrO2hybrid materials were prepared and demonstrated as efficient dielectric materials in the pentacene‐based organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). The influence of ZrO2loading amount in the range of 0–50 wt% on the resultant properties was first investigated. It was revealed that the decomposition temperature of the PI/ZrO2hybrid materials was increased from 445 °C to 478 °C as the incorporated ZrO2amount increased. Also, the addition of ZrO2does not impair the overall transparency of the material owing to its small particle size. All the hybrid films showed high transmittance of over 93% across the wavelengths from 400 to 800 nm. The dielectric constant of the hybrid material was increased from 4.0 to 6.1 as the ZrO2content increased from 0 to 50 wt% while the leakage current density (−2MV cm−1) was restrained to less than 5×10−7 A cm−2. Notably, the incorporation of ZrO2in the PI promoted the crystallization of pentacene grown on top of it. The pentacene‐based TFT using a hybrid material with 30 wt% ZrO2(A30) as the dielectric layer yielded the highest mobility of 1.12 cm2 V−1s−1, greatly surpassing the value (0.26 cm2 V−1s−1) of the reference device using pristine PI (A0) as the dielectric layer. To further optimize the device performance, a surface modifying layer based on a cyclic olefin copolymer was introduced at the dielectric/pentacene interface, which simultaneously flattened the dielectric's surface and passivated its surface defects. As a result, the mobility of the A30‐based TFT can be further enhanced to 3.25 cm2 V−1s−1with a much‐increased Ion/Ioffof 1.2×106. This study clearly manifests the promising potential of high‐kPI/ZrO2hybrid dielectric materials for the future development of transparent and stretchable organic components.
Pallidal and thalamic neural oscillatory patterns in tourette's syndrome
Authors: Neumann Wolf‐Julian , Huebl Julius , Brücke Christof , Lofredi Roxanne , Horn Andreas , Saryyeva Assel , Müller‐Vahl Kirsten , Krauss Joachim K. , Kühn Andrea A. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveAberrant oscillatory activity has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathophysiology of Tourette's syndrome (TS). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has recently been established as an effective treatment for severe TS. Modulation of symptom‐specific oscillations may underlie the mechanism of action of DBS and could be used for adaptive neuromodulation to improve therapeutic efficacy. The objective of this study was to demonstrate a pathophysiological association of pallidal and thalamic local field potentials (LFPs) with TS.MethodsNine medication‐refractory TS patients were included in the study. Intracerebral LFPs were recorded simultaneously from bilateral pallidal and thalamic DBS electrodes. Spectral and temporal dynamics of pallidal and thalamic oscillations were characterized and correlated with preoperative Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) scores.ResultsPeaks of activity in the theta (3–12Hz) and beta (13–35Hz) were present in pallidal and thalamic recordings from all patients (3 women/6 men; mean age, 29.8 years) and coupled through coherence across targets. Presence of prolonged theta bursts in both targets was associated with preoperative motor tic severity. Total preoperative YGTSS scores (mean, 38.1) were correlated with pallidal and thalamic LFP activity using multivariable linear regression (R² = 0.96; p = 0.02).InterpretationOur findings suggest that pallidothalamic oscillations may be implicated in the pathophysiology of TS. Furthermore, our results highlight the utility of multisite and ‐spectral oscillatory features in severely affected patients for future identification and clinical use of oscillatory physiomarkers for adaptive stimulation in TS. Ann Neurol 2018;84:505–514
2D Organic Photonics: An Asymmetric Optical Waveguide in Self‐Assembled Halogen‐Bonded Cocrystals
Authors: Zhuo Ming‐Peng , Tao Yi‐Chen , Wang Xue‐Dong , Wu Yuchen , Chen Shuo , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Jiang Lei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAnisotropic organic molecular construction and packing are crucial for the optoelectronic properties of organic crystals. Two‐dimensional (2D) organic crystals with regular morphology and good photon confinement are potentially suitable for a chip‐scale planar photonics system. Herein, through the bottom‐up process, 2D halogen‐bonded DPEpe‐F4DIB cocrystals were fabricated that exhibit an asymmetric optical waveguide with the optical‐loss coefficients of RBackward=0.0346 dB μm−1and RForward=0.0894 dB μm−1along the [010] crystal direction, which can be attributed to the unidirectional total internal reflection caused by the anisotropic molecular packing mode. Based on this crystal direction‐oriented asymmetric photon transport, these as‐prepared 2D cocrystals have been demonstrated as a microscale optical logic gate with multiple input/out channels, which will offer potential applications as the 2D optical component for the integrated organic photonics.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Plumisclerin A
Authors: Gao Ming , Wang Ye‐Cheng , Yang Kai‐Rui , He Wei , Yang Xiao‐Liang , Yao Zhu‐Jun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe first and enantioselective total synthesis of (+)‐plumisclerin A, a novel unique complex cytotoxic marine diterpenoid, has been accomplished. Around the central cyclopentane anchorage, a sequential ring‐formation protocol was adopted to generate the characteristic tricycle[4.3.1.01,5]decane and trans‐fused dihyrdopyran moiety. Scalable enantioselective LaIII‐catalyzed Michael reaction, palladium(0)‐catalyzed carbonylation and SmI2‐mediated radical conjugate addition were successfully applied in the synthesis, affording multiple grams of the complex and rigid B/C/D‐ring system having six continuous stereogenic centers and two all‐carbon quaternary centers. The trans‐fused dihyrdopyran moiety with an exo side‐chain was furnished in final stage through sequential redox transformations from a lactone precursor, which overcome the largish steric strain of the dense multiring system. The reported total synthesis also confirms the absolute chemistries of natural (+)‐plumisclerin A.