bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concentration of homocysteine-derived disulfides in human coronary artery
Authors: Iuliano Mauro , De Tommaso Gaetano , Ciavatta Liberato , Ragone Raffaele 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
*Background*
Based on previous findings, we have estimated that, in injured coronary artery tissue, the low molecular weight disulfides homocystine and cysteine-homocysteine, otherwise identified as oxidized homocysteine equivalents (OHcyE), may achieve a total concentration that is higher than the aqueous solubility of homocystine at room temperature. In order to verify whether or not OHcyE could reach their saturation limit in the vascular tissue, we have measured the solubility of homocystine in physiological-like condition.

*Materials and methods*
The solubility of homocystine has been measured in aqueous sodium chloride solutions at 37 °C by differential pulse polarography based on the reduction of homocystine to homocysteine.

*Results*
We have estimated that the concentration achieved by OHcyE in injured coronary artery tissue is at least near-saturating, because the solubility of homocystine in physiological-like condition, above which deposition of homocystine and/or cysteine-homocysteine as solid phase occurs, almost exactly matches its value. Near-saturation levels of OHcyE within the vascular tissue means that significant leakage of intracellular fluid can promote OHcyE crystallization in tissue fluids, which may serve to initiate inflammation.

*Conclusions*
We speculate that deposition of OHcyE crystals could damage blood vessels and act as a primer of homocysteine-triggered inflammation, thus being along the causal pathway that leads to vascular dysfunction.
Application of the Sensory Contact Model for Pharmacological Studies under Simulated Clinical Conditions
Authors: Kudryavtseva Natalia , Avgustinovich Damira , Bondar Natalia , Tenditnik Michael , Kovalenko Irina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe sensory contact model allows forming different psycho-pathological states (anxious depression, catalepsy, social withdrawal, pathological aggression, cognition disturbances, anhedonia, addictive states etc.) produced by repeated agonistic interactions in male mice and investigating the therapeutic and preventive properties of any drug as well as its efficiency under simulated clinical conditions. This approach can be useful for a better understanding of the drugs’ action in different stages of disease development in individuals. It is suggested that this behavioral approach and pharmacological designs may be applied for the screening of novel psychotropic drugs.
Iridium complex, a phosphorescent light-emitting diode material, serves as a novel chemical probe for imaging hypoxic tumor tissues
Authors: Zhang Shaojuan , Hosaka Masahiro , Yoshihara Toshitada , Iida Yasuhiko , Endo Keigo , Tobita Seiji , Takeuchi Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIridium complex, a promising organic light-emitting diode for next generation television displays, emits phosphorescence. Phosphorescence is quenched by oxygen. We used this oxygen-quenching feature for imaging tumor hypoxia. Red light-emitting iridium complex Ir(btp)~2~(acac) (BTP) presented hypoxia-dependent light emission in culture cell lines, whose intensity was in parallel with HIF-1[alpha] expression. BTP was further applied to imaging five tumors (four from human origin and one from mouse origin) transplanted in athymic mice. All tumors presented a bright BTP-emitting image even 5 min after the injection. The BTP-dependent tumor image peaked at 1 to 2 h after the injection, and was then cleared from tumors within 24 h. The minimal BTP image recognition size was 3 to 4 mm in diameter. Compared with ^18^F-FDG/PET images, BTP delineated a clearer image for a tumor profile. We suggest that iridium complex has a vast potential for imaging hypoxic lesions such as tumor tissues.
The nitrite anion: the key intermediate in alkyl nitrates degradative mechanism.
Authors: Grossi Loris 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlkyl nitrates, in vivo, are metabolized to yield nitric oxide, and thiol groups are considered necessary cofactors. This statement is based on studies that underline how these species potentiate hemodynamic responsiveness to nitrates in patients with ischemic heart disease. However, the role of thiols might be mediated by the formation of corresponding S-nitrosothiols, and a redox process is responsible for the nitrates' degradation: an enzyme, probably the cytochrome P450, is involved in vivo. Here, we report evidence that, in vitro, no reaction between thiols and alkyl nitrates takes place, but that stronger reducing agents, such as iron (II) derivatives, are necessary: alkoxy radicals and the nitrite anion are the reaction intermediates. The latter, in slightly acidic conditions, for instance mimicking ischemic conditions, is shown to nitrosilate thiols to the corresponding S-nitrosothiols: the real NO suppliers. Therefore, the direct release of NO from nitrates is excluded. Finally, the in vivo role of thiols on depletion and tolerance is also accounted for.
Genes2Networks: Connecting Lists of Proteins by Using Background Literature-based Mammalian Networks
Authors: Ma'ayan Avi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn recent years, in-silico literature-based mammalian protein-protein interaction network datasets have been developed. These datasets contain binary interactions extracted manually from legacy experimental biomedical research literature. Placing lists of genes or proteins identified as significantly changing in multivariate experiments, in the context of background knowledge about binary interactions, can be used to place these genes or proteins in the context of pathways and protein complexes.Genes2Networks is a software system that integrates the content of ten mammalian literature-based interaction network datasets. Filtering to prune low-confidence interactions was implemented. Genes2Networks is delivered as a web-based service using AJAX. The system can be used to extract relevant subnetworks created from “seed” lists of human Entrez gene names. The output includes a dynamic linkable three color web-based network map, with a statistical analysis report that identifies significant intermediate nodes used to connect the seed list. Genes2Networks is available at http://actin.pharm.mssm.edu/genes2networks.Genes2Network is a powerful web-based software application tool that can help experimental biologists to interpret high-throughput experimental results used in genomics and proteomics studies where the output of these experiments is a list of significantly changing genes or proteins. The system can be used to find relationships between nodes from the seed list, and predict novel nodes that play a key role in a common function.
Angiotensinergic innervation of rat and human mesenteric resistant blood vessels
Authors: Patil Jaspal , Heiniger Eva , Schaffner Thomas , Muhlemann Oliver , Imboden Hans 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn contrast to the current believe that angiotensin II (Ang II) only interacts with the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) as a circulating hormone, we document here the existence of an endogenous renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the sympathetic coeliac ganglion and the angiotensinergic innervation with mesenteric resistant blood vessels. Our findings indicate that Ang II is synthesized inside the neurons of sympathetic coeliac ganglion and may act as an endogenous neurotransmitter locally on the mesenteric resistant blood vessels.
Effective Sample Size: Quick Estimation of the Effect of Related Samples in Genetic Case-Control Association Analyses
Authors: Yang Yaning , Remmers Elaine , Ogunwole Chukwuma , Kastner Daniel , Gregersen Peter , Li Wentian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCorrelated samples have been frequently avoided in case-controlgenetic association studies in part because the methods for handling them are either noteasily implemented or not widely known. Weadvocate one method for case-control association analysis of correlatedsamples -- the effective sample size method -- as a simple andaccessible approach that does not require specialized computer programs.The effective sample size method captures the variance inflationof allele frequency estimation exactly, and can be used to modify thechi-square test statistic, p-value, and 95% confidence interval ofodds-ratio simply by replacing the apparent number of allele counts with theeffective ones. For genotype frequency estimation, although a singleeffective sample size is unable to completely characterize the variance inflation,an averaged one can satisfactorily approximate the simulated result.The effective sample size method is applied to the rheumatoid arthritissiblings data collected from the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC)to establish a significant association with the interferon-inducedhelicasel gene (IFIH1) previously being identified as a type 1 diabetessusceptibility locus. Connections between the effective sample sizemethod and other methods, such as generalized estimation equation,variance of eigenvalues for correlation matrices, and genomic controls,are also discussed.
Concurrent Acquisition of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Diverse Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.2 Sub-clades
Authors: Niman Henry , Boynton Bruce 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHighly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300, and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60%. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase. Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, and Ghana. These changes are not easily explained by the current theory of “random mutation” through copy error, and are more easily explained by recombination with a common source. This conclusion is supported by additional polymorphisms shared by clade 2.2 isolates in Egypt and Germany.
Concurrent Acquisition of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Diverse Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.2 Sub-clades
Authors: Niman Henry , Saad Magdi , Aly Mona , Tjaden Jeffery , Earhart Kenneth , Monteville Marshall , Mansour Moustafa , El-Sayed Nasr , Nayel Ahmed , Abdelghani Ahmed , Esmat Hala , Labib Emad , Ayoub Ehab , Arafa Abdelattar , Raczniak Gregory , Agyen-Frempong Mensah , Ampofo William , Boynton Bruce 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHighly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300, and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60%. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase. Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, and Ghana. These changes are not easily explained by the current theory of “random mutation” through copy error, and are more easily explained by recombination with a common source. This conclusion is supported by additional polymorphisms shared by clade 2.2 isolates in Egypt and Germany.
The saltational model for the dawn of H. sapiens, chin, adolescence phase, complex language and modern behavior
Authors: NOYAN Omer Faruk , CAKIR Sahin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new model may contribute to resolve the origin problem of H. sapiens. According to our new viewpoint, Neandertals were neither one of our direct ancestors nor a different species. Their origin was not in Europe 150-200 or 300 thousand years ago. As for the origin of H. sapiens, it was neither in Africa roughly 2 million years ago nor roughly 200 thousand years ago. In other words, both the Multiregional model and the recent African origin model seem wrong. Our own species arose in the Middle East approximately 150 thousand years ago and split into two subspecies: Moderns and Neandertals. Rapid and radial expansion of H. sapiens from the origin implies a revolution (see Figure 1). Complex language, modern behavior and even adolescence phase plus chin might be included into the revolution. This possibility seems consistent with the data and could also be tested via; 1-the origin of complex language based on the modern human form of FOXP2 gene 2-the origin of adolescence or adolescent growth spurt 3- the genetic origin of the Flores hobbits. If all of these three origins appeared in the Levant about 150 thousand years ago then our model is true in all aspects. This speciation seems an unexpected revolution or macroevolution occured in several thousand years. The last pre-sapiens hominids may be extinct due to OIS 6 namely without replacement by sapiens.
High-Value Phytochemicals from Grape Cane Waste: Potential Value-Added Viticultural Sources of Trans-Resveratrol and Trans-e-Viniferin with Medicinal and Anti-Phytopathogenic Applications
Authors: Rayne Sierra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGrape canes as agricultural waste from commercial viticultural activities represent a potentially important source of the well-known medicinal and anti-phytopathogenic stilbene compounds trans-resveratrol and trans-e-viniferin. Reports in the literature suggest that concentrations of these compounds range up to 5 mg/g dw and 2 mg/g dw, respectively, and can be quantitatively extracted from the cane residue using low-cost, environmental benign, and non-toxic aqueous alcoholic solvent systems such as ethanol:water mixtures. With current commercial values of these compounds between US$2,000 to US$3,000 per kg, established stilbene yields from cane waste could represent an agricultural coproduct valued at US$2,000 to US$3,000 per hectare of production. At the present worldwide wine grape production of 8,000,000 ha, the extraction of trans-resveratrol and trans-e-viniferin from grape cane waste would have an estimated global economic value of >$30 billion.
The folding fingerprint of visual cortex reveals the timing of human V1 and V2
Authors: Ales Justin , Carney Thom , Klein Stanley 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrimate neocortex contains over 30 visual areas. Recent techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have successfully identified many of these areas in the human brain, but have been of limited value for revealing the temporal dynamics between adjacent visual areas, a critical component of understanding visual cognition. The voltages recorded at the scalp, electroencephalography (EEG), is a direct measure of neural activity that reflects the summed activity across all brain areas. Identifying the cortical sources that contribute to the EEG is a difficult problem. We developed an anatomically constrained dipole search method that solves the traditional problems by combining fMRI, EEG and many stimuli that activate small cortical regions. The method provides a means to validate the extracted waveforms. Both V1 and V2 waveforms have similar onset latencies as well as dynamics that can explain previous controversial findings about the responses of these areas.
Aggregation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in a Human H5N1 Clade 2.2 Hemagglutinin
Authors: Niman Henry , Saad Magdi , Tjaden Jeffery , Earhart Kenneth , Monteville Marshall , Aly Mona , Mansour Moustafa , El-Sayed Nasr , Nayel Ahmed , Abdelghani Ahmed , Esmat Hala , Labib Emad , Ayoub Ehab , Arafa Abdelattar , Raczniak Gregory , Agyen-Frempong Mensah , Ampofo William , Boynton Bruce 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe evolution of H5N1 has attracted significant interest 1-4 due to linkages with avian 5,6 and human infections 7,8. The basic tenets of influenza genetics 9 attribute genetic drift to replication errors caused by a polymerase complex that lacks a proof reading function. However, recent analysis 10 of swine influenza genes identifies regions copied with absolute fidelity for more than 25 years. In addition, polymorphism tracing of clade 2.2 H5N1 single nucleotide polymorphisms identify concurrent acquisition 11 of the same polymorphism onto multiple genetic backgrounds in widely dispersed geographical locations. Here we show the aggregation of regional clade 2.2 polymorphisms from Germany, Egypt, and sub-Sahara Africa onto a human Nigerian H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA), implicating recombination in the dispersal and aggregation of single nucleotide polymorphisms from closely related genomes.
Aggregation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in a Human H5N1 Clade 2.2 Hemagglutinin
Authors: Niman Henry , Saad Magdi , Tjaden Jeffery , Earhart Kenneth , Monteville Marshall , Aly Mona , Mansour Moustafa , El-Sayed Nasr , Nayel Ahmed , Abdelghani Ahmed , Esmat Hala , Labib Emad , Ayoub Ehab , Arafa Abdelattar , Raczniak Gregory , Agyen-Frempong Mensah , Ampofo William , Boynton Bruce 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rapid evolution of the H5N1 serotype of avian influenza has been explained by a mechanism involving the selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms generated by copy errors. The recent emergence of H5N1 Clade 2.2 in fifty countries, offered a unique opportunity to view the acquisition of new polymorphism in these evolving genomes. We analyzed the H5N1 hemagglutinin gene from a fatal human case from Nigeria in 2007. The newly emerged polymorphisms were present in diverse H5N1 isolates from the previous year. The aggregation of these polymorphisms from clade 2.2 sub-clades was not supported by recent random mutations, and was most easily explained by recombination between closely related sequences.
Analysis of circadian pattern reveals tissue-specific alternative transcription in leptin signaling pathway
Authors: Ptitsyn Andrey , Gimble Jeffrey 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
*Background*
It has been previously reported that most mammalian genes display a circadian oscillation in their baseline expression. Consequently, the phase and amplitude of each component of a signal transduction cascade has downstream consequences.

*Results*
We report our analysis of alternative transcripts in the leptin signaling pathway which is responsible for the systemic regulation of macronutrient storage and energy balance. We focused on the circadian expression pattern of a critical component of the leptin signaling system, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). On an Affymetrix GeneChip 430A2 microarray, this gene is represented by three probe sets targeting different regions within the 3’ end of the last exon. We demonstrate that in murine brown adipose tissue two downstream 3’ probe sets experience circadian baseline oscillation in counter-phase to the upstream probe set. Such differences in expression patterns are a telltale sign of alternative splicing within the last exon of SOCS3. In contrast, all three probe sets oscillated in a common phase in murine liver and white adipose tissue. This suggests that the regulation of SOCS3 expression in brown fat is tissue specific. Another component of the signaling pathway, Janus kinase (JAK), is directly regulated by SOCS and has alternative transcript probe sets oscillating in counter-phase in a white adipose tissue specific manner. *Conclusion*We hypothesize that differential oscillation of alternative transcripts may provide a mechanism to maintain steady levels of expression in spite of circadian baseline variation.
Bridging the gap between social tagging and semantic annotation: E.D. the Entity Describer
Authors: Good Benjamin , Kawas Edward , Wilkinson Mark 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSemantic annotation enables the development of efficient computational methods for analyzing and interacting with information, thus maximizing its value. With the already substantial and constantly expanding data generation capacity of the life sciences as well as the concomitant increase in the knowledge distributed in scientific articles, new ways to produce semantic annotations of this information are crucial. While automated techniques certainly facilitate the process, manual annotation remains the gold standard in most domains. In this manuscript, we describe a prototype mass-collaborative semantic annotation system that, by distributing the annotation workload across the broad community of biomedical researchers, may help to produce the volume of meaningful annotations needed by modern biomedical science. We present E.D., the Entity Describer, a mashup of the Connotea social tagging system, an index of semantic web-accessible controlled vocabularies, and a new public RDF database for storing social semantic annotations.
Decrease of vanillin sucrose intake by victorious and defeated mice: development of anhedonia?
Authors: Kudryavtseva Natalia N. , Bondar Natalia P. , Kovalenko Irina L. , Avgustinovich Damira F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHedonic reactions to various rewards play a key role in various forms of motivated behavior. The influence of repeated experience of social victories or defeats in daily agonistic interactions between male mice on voluntary consumption of vanillin sucrose solution used as hedonic reinforcer was studied. Intake of vanillin sucrose solution was shown to decrease in the winners and losers exposed to social confrontations as compared with the controls. Three days of deprivation failed to restore the intake of vanillin sucrose solution to the control level in the losers and did so in the winners. The results obtained imply that similar reaction of animals to a hedonic non-drug reinforcer may have different motivational origin depending on positive or negative social experience.
Vesicles and lamella: outcome of the changing formation path of a sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate hydrate/1-decanol/water system
Authors: Akter Nasima , Mohamed Faizal , Radiman Shahidan , Reza Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVesicles are closed bilayers that enclose a part of the continuous phase inside the core. In spherical shape, they attain the minimum free energy state. Conversely, lamella with maximum free energy remain in planer bilayer shape in the colloidal dispersion. Even with the same amphiphile concentration the colloidal structures depend on different parameters, many of these already addressed in different reports. However, the effect of mixing procedure as a formation path is unidentified. Here we reported water in 1-decanol and 1-decanol in water; these two different mixing procedures yield vesicles and lamella at the same point of the phase diagram of a sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate hydrate/1-decanol/water system. It was found that the favorable and unfavorable contact of water with the weak tertiary ammonium cation in amino-acid head-group plays the crucial role in this process. Moreover, this weak cationic property of this amphoteric surfactant can be exploited to carry DNA for gene therapy with a nontoxic system instead of cationic.
Studies on the Accumulation of Chromium in Fenugreek
Authors: D S Xanthate , Ch V R Murthy , S C S Rajan , D M R Sekhar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudying Cr uptake by Fenugreek, we note that the maximum concentration of Cr takes place in the shells of the pods followed by leaves, stems and seeds in that order. Interestingly, applied higher doses of Cr does not increase accumulation of Cr in the stems, rather Cr content in the stems levels off. However, the maximum dispersal/distribution of Cr taken up is in the leaves.