bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Japan and Modernism in Berlin: The Art Dealer Hermann Pächter and his Gallery
Authors: Becker Ingeborg 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The present article focuses on the art dealer Hermann Pächter, who was active in Berlin at the turn of the twentieth century. Pächter was the first to show Japanese images and other artefacts at his gallery. Later on, he combined this with contemporary European art. This mixture was unique and an eye opener for the public.
The Triad of Risk-Related Behaviors (TriRB): A Three-Dimensional Model of Cyber Risk Taking
Authors: Ben-Asher Noam , Meyer Joachim 
Published: July 2018

Objective: We identify three risk-related behaviors in coping with cyber threats—the exposure to risk a person chooses, use of security features, and responses to security indications. The combinations of behaviors that users choose determine how well they cope with threats and the severity of adverse events they experience. Background: End users’ coping with risks is a major factor in cybersecurity. This behavior results from a combination of risk-related behaviors rather than from a single risk-taking tendency. Method: In two experiments, participants played a Tetris-like game, attempting to maximize their gains, while exogenous occasional attacks could diminish earnings. An alerting system provided indications about possible attacks, and participants could take protective actions to limit the losses from attacks. Results: Variables such as the costs of protective actions, reliability of the alerting system, and attack severity affected the three behaviors differently. Also, users dynamically adjusted each of the three risk-related behaviors after gaining experience with the system. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that users’ risk taking is the complex combination of three behaviors rather than the expression of a general risk-taking tendency. The use of security features, exposure to risk, and responses to security indications reflect long-term strategy, short-term tactical decisions, and immediate maneuvering in coping with risks in dynamic environments. Application: The results have implications for the analysis of cybersecurity-related decisions and actions as well as for the evaluation and design of systems and targeted interventions in other domains.
Long‐term Trends in Head and Neck Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Mowery Alia , Light Tyler , Clayburgh Daniel 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to address the paucity of data on long‐term trends in postoperative complication rates in head and neck surgery. Specifically, this study assesses trends in morbidity and mortality following head and neck surgery over a 20‐year period from 1995 to 2015 and identifies risk factors for the development of complications.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis of Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 1995 to 2015.SettingVeterans Affairs medical centers across the United States.Subjects and MethodsUsing the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we selected 44,161 patients undergoing head and neck procedures from 1995 to 2015. Trends in 30‐day morbidity and mortality were assessed, and univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for complications were performed.ResultsFrom 1995‐2000 to 2011‐2015, overall complication rates decreased >45% (from 10.9% to 5.9%), and 30‐day postsurgical mortality decreased nearly 70% (from 1.3% to 0.4%). Postoperative hospital stays also significantly declined. Major procedures, such as free flap cases and total laryngectomies, had less change in complication rate as compared with less invasive procedures.ConclusionSubstantial improvement in postoperative morbidity and mortality has taken place in head and neck surgery over the past decades. Static complication rates in some procedures may reflect that the improvement of surgical techniques allow for the treatment of sicker patients. The trends seen in this study speak to the importance of probing further why high rates of complications are still seen in certain procedures and ensuring that effective treatment is balanced with limiting morbidity and mortality.
Epidemiology and Management of Pediatric Epistaxis
Authors: Baugh Tiffany P. , Chang C. W. David 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to describe the demographics of children undergoing inpatient management of epistaxis and recognize the clinical circumstances that may necessitate embolization or ligation for epistaxis management.Study Design and SettingCross‐sectional analysis of a national database.Subjects and MethodsA review of data reported by hospitals in the United States to the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database with a diagnosis of epistaxis was conducted (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD‐9] code 784.7). The database provides new data every 3 years. The most recent databases, 2006, 2009, and 2012, were reviewed.ResultsA total of 11,366 patients with a diagnosis of epistaxis were identified. The average age was 12 years, and most patients were male (60%). Of the patients who underwent intervention for epistaxis, 704 underwent packing, 119 underwent ligation, and 98 underwent embolization. Transfusion of blood or platelets was highest in the patients undergoing packing only (38%, P <. 0001). The lowest average length of stay was for the ligation group with a mean (SD) of 6.95 (14.02) days. Embolization and ligation most frequently occurred in the setting of an urban teaching hospital (95.63% and 73.28%, respectively). For patients who underwent embolization with epistaxis as a secondary diagnosis, benign neoplasm of nasopharynx (58.3%) was the most common primary diagnosis. In those patients who underwent ligation, nasal bone fracture (28.5%) was the most common primary diagnosis.ConclusionThis study highlights that 11,366 patients were treated for epistaxis during 2006, 2009, and 2012, and most patients were treated conservatively.
Use of Head Computed Tomography (CT) in the Pediatric Emergency Department in Evaluation of Children With New-Onset Afebrile Seizure
Authors: Veerapandiyan Aravindhan , Aravindhan Akilandeswari , Takahashi James Huynh , Segal Devorah , Pecor Keith , Ming Xue 
Published: July 2018

Objective: Cranial computed tomography (CT) is not recommended in the routine evaluation of children with first afebrile seizure due to its low yield. The objective was to assess the current practice in our pediatric emergency department regarding the use of head CT in children with first afebrile seizure and to identify the factors that lead to ordering a head CT. Methods: Medical records of patients between 1 month and 18 years old evaluated at our emergency department for presentation of first afebrile seizure between 2010 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Data extracted include age, gender, seizure type, single or multiple seizures at presentation, seizure duration, predisposing conditions to seizures (ie, history of developmental delay), and whether a head CT was performed. Contingency tables with chi-square analyses were used to determine which variables were associated with increased use of head CT. Results: Of 155 patients (88M/67F) included in the study, 72 (46.5%) underwent head CT and only 3 had clinically significant findings that did not require acute management. There were no differences in CT use by age, sex, seizure type, seizure number, seizure risk factors, or findings on physical examination. Head CT was performed more frequently in cases with seizures ≥5 minutes and unknown seizure duration ( P = .04). Conclusion: Despite existing evidence, the emergent head CT rate was high in our cohort. Children with seizure duration of ≥5 minutes or of unknown duration were more likely to undergo head CT in our emergency department.
Potential for cooling load reduction in residential buildings using cool roofs in the harsh climate of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Algarni Salem 
Published: July 2018

To raise awareness of the potential of passive technologies, this paper addresses the major problem of maintaining the comfort of the built environment in the harsh climate of Saudi Arabia by estimating the potential reduction in residential building energy consumption resulting from the use of highly reflective “cool roof” details. To conduct this estimate, the impacts of cool roof installation on the cooling and heating loads of residential buildings in 13 major selected sites in Saudi Arabia are estimated. It is found that the use of a cool roof reduces the annual energy consumption required for building cooling by between 110.3 and 181.9 kWh/m2, while the maximum increase in annual energy consumption due to winter heating of cool roof equipped buildings in hot-dry climates is only 4.4 kWh/m2. The results show that installing a cool roof in place of a typical or dirty roof yields a reduction in peak roof conduction. This investigation concludes that the use of the passive cool roof technology is an effective method for improving the thermal performance of a roof and thus reducing building energy consumption in the harsh climate of Saudi Arabia and similar extreme climates.
Shelter housing for cats: Principles of design for health, welfare and rehoming
Authors: Wagner Denae , Hurley Kate , Stavisky Jenny 
Published: July 2018

Practical relevance: Shelters and rehoming centres are a valuable tool in the population management and rehoming of cats. However, housing large numbers of a relatively asocial species in close proximity poses significant challenges. Well-designed accommodation enables improved standards of husbandry, as well as a better working environment for staff. This can have a significant benefit in expediting rehoming, as cats are healthier, and more likely to display natural behaviors and have positive interactions with potential adopters. Global importance: As cat overpopulation is such a widespread issue, cat shelters are common in many countries. This review will be of interest to those involved in the design and construction of cat shelters, and to those caring for the cats within them. The principles discussed also apply to boarding, breeding, research and hospitalization facilities. Challenges: Shelter housing poses substantial challenges in terms of maintaining positive health and wellbeing while sustaining adoption at an optimum rate. Disease control and biosecurity are typically facilitated by having a relatively barren, easily cleanable environment. However, this must be weighed against the provision of opportunities for cats to perform natural behaviors such as hiding, perching and interacting if they wish. A more enriched environment has also been shown to expedite adoption. Aims: This review, the first in a two-part series, discusses practical aspects of housing and shelter design for the health, welfare and adoption of shelter cats. Evidence base: There is a relatively small body of empirical evidence to inform shelter design recommendations. The recommendations in this article are based on a careful review of the available evidence, some of which has come from allied fields such as the care of experimental animals. Where evidence is not yet available, recommendations have been based on field experience and collective expert opinion.
Abiraterone in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review of ‘real-life’ studies
Authors: Marchioni Michele , Sountoulides Petros , Bada Maida , Rapisarda Sebastiano , De Nunzio Cosimo , Tamburro Fabiola Raffaella , Schips Luigi , Cindolo Luca 
Published: July 2018

Background: To assess the efficacy and safety of treatment with abiraterone acetate (AA) in chemotherapy-naïve men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in the ‘real-life’ setting. Methods: Data acquisition on the outcomes of the use of AA in chemotherapy-naive patients with mCRPC was performed by a MEDLINE comprehensive systematic literature search using combinations of the following key words: ‘prostate cancer’, ‘metastatic’, ‘castration resistant’, ‘abiraterone’, ‘real life’, and excluding controlled clinical trials (phase II and III studies). Identification and selection of the studies was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) criteria. Outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), 12-week 50% reduction in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and grade 3 and higher adverse events. Data were narratively synthesized in light of methodological and clinical heterogeneity. Results: Within the eight identified studies that fulfilled the criteria, a total of 801 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Baseline PSA ranged between 9.5 and 212.0 ng/ml. Most of the patients had bone metastases. Duration of treatment with AA was longer in the studies with lower baseline PSA levels. The median OS ranged between 14 and 36.4 months. The PFS, assessed according to different definitions, ranged from 3.9 to 18.5 months. A 50% PSA reduction at 12 weeks was reached by a variable percentage of patients ranging from 36.0% to 62.1%. Finally, the rate of grade 3 and higher adverse events was reported in three studies and ranged from 4.4% to 15.5%. Conclusions: Despite the high grade of heterogeneity among studies, treatment with AA seems to ensure good survival outcomes in the ‘real-life’ setting. However, prospective studies based on patients’ characteristics being more similar to ‘real-life’ patients are necessary.
Treatment of First-Time Traumatic Anterior Dislocation of the Sternoclavicular Joint With Surgical Repair of the Anterior Capsule Augmented With Internal Bracing
Authors: Tytherleigh-Strong Graham , Pecheva Mira , Titchener Andrew 
Published: July 2018

Background: Traumatic anterior dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) are rare. Although they can usually be treated by a closed reduction, the reported subsequent recurrence rate is 50%. Purpose: To determine whether further instability after first-time traumatic anterior dislocation would be prevented by a minimally invasive open repair of the anterior SCJ capsule, augmented with internal bracing. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Open repair of the anterior SCJ capsule was completed on a series of patients who had sustained a first-time traumatic anterior dislocation of the SCJ. Patients with preexisting SCJ instability and recurrent dislocations were excluded. Through a transverse incision, the anterior SCJ capsule was repaired and plicated by use of sutures. The repair was then protected by use of an internal brace, bridging between the sternum and the medial end of the clavicle. Results: Six patients (4 males, 2 females) with a mean age of 28.3 years were included. Four patients underwent surgery within 4 weeks of their dislocation, and 2 patients had ongoing symptoms of instability but had not had a further dislocation. The median follow-up was 28.2 months (range, 24-35 months). At the most recent follow-up, none of the patients had sustained further dislocation or episode of instability, and their SCJs appeared stable. The mean abbreviated Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score was 2.3 (range, 0-4.5). Conclusion: The medium-term results of this case series suggest that after first-time dislocation, surgical repair of the anterior SCJ capsule augmented with internal bracing can prevent recurrent instability. This may be an attractive option for individuals involved in higher risk activities, as the operative management of recurrent anterior SCJ instability usually requires a figure-of-8 tendon reconstruction, which carries a significantly higher morbidity.
Single-cell approaches identify the molecular network driving malignant hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal
Authors: Shepherd Mairi S. , Li Juan , Wilson Nicola K. , Oedekoven Caroline A. , Li Jiangbing , Belmonte Miriam , Fink Juergen , Prick Janine C. M. , Pask Dean C. , Hamilton Tina L. , Loeffler Dirk , Rao Anjana , Schröder Timm , Göttgens Berthold , Green Anthony R. , Kent David G. 
Published: July 2018

Key Points
Single-cell approaches identify regulators of malignant HSC self-renewal. Identification of novel roles for Bmi1, Pbx1, and Meis1 in myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Glutamine via α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase provides succinyl-CoA for heme synthesis during erythropoiesis
Authors: Burch Joseph S. , Marcero Jason R. , Maschek John Alan , Cox James E. , Jackson Laurie K. , Medlock Amy E. , Phillips John D. , Dailey Harry A. 
Published: July 2018

Key PointsDuring late erythropoiesis, exogenous glutamine, rather than TCA cycle intermediates, provides carbons for succinyl-CoA for heme synthesis. Itaconate, a compound manufactured as part of the inflammatory response, inhibits heme synthesis in cells undergoing erythropoiesis.
Potential mechanisms responsible for cardioprotective effects of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
Authors: Lahnwong Charshawn , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDiabetes mellitus currently affects over 350 million patients worldwide and is associated with many deaths from cardiovascular complications. Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a novel class of antidiabetic drugs with cardiovascular benefits beyond other antidiabetic drugs. In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, empagliflozin significantly decreases the mortality rate from cardiovascular causes [38% relative risk reduction (RRR)], the mortality rate from all-causes (32% RRR) and the rate of heart failure hospitalization (35% RRR) in diabetic patients with established cardiovascular diseases. The possible mechanisms of SGLT-2 inhibitors are proposed to be systemic effects by hemodynamic and metabolic actions. However, the direct mechanisms are not fully understood. In this review, reports concerning the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors in models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, heart failure and myocardial ischemia from in vitro, in vivo as well as clinical reports are comprehensively summarized and discussed. By current evidences, it may be concluded that the direct effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors are potentially mediated through their ability to reduce cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and ionic dyshomeostasis.
Quality assessment of systematic reviews of vitamin D, cognition and dementia
Authors: Aghajafari Fariba , Pond Dimity , Catzikiris Nigel , Cameron Ian 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThere is conflicting evidence regarding the association of vitamin D with cognition performance and dementia.AimsWe aimed to summarise the evidence on the association of vitamin D with cognitive performance, dementia and Alzheimer disease through a qualitative assessment of available systematic reviews and meta-analyses.MethodWe conducted an overview of the systematic reviews of all study types with or without meta-analyses on vitamin D and either Alzheimer disease, dementia or cognitive performance up to June 2017.ResultsEleven systematic reviews were identified, nine of which were meta-analyses with substantial heterogeneity, differing statistical methods, variable methodological quality and quality of data abstraction. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews checklist scores ranged from 4 to 10 out of 11, with seven reviews of ‘moderate’ and four of ‘high’ methodological quality. Out of six meta-analyses on the association between low serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of dementia, five showed a positive association. Results of meta-analyses on the association between low serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and memory function tests showed conflicting results.ConclusionsThis systematic evaluation of available systematic reviews provided a clearer understanding of the potential link between low serum vitamin D concentrations and dementia. This evaluation also showed that the quality of the available evidence is not optimal because of both the low methodological quality of the reviews and low quality of the original studies. Interpretation of these systematic reviews should therefore be made with care.Declaration of interestNone.
Association Between Inflammatory Biomarker C-Reactive Protein and Radiotherapy-Induced Early Adverse Skin Reactions in a Multiracial/Ethnic Breast Cancer Population
Authors: Hu Jennifer J. , Urbanic James J. , Case L. Doug , Takita Cristiane , Wright Jean L. , Brown Doris R. , Langefeld Carl D. , Lively Mark O. , Mitchell Sandra E. , Thakrar Anu , Bryant David , Baglan Kathy , Strasser Jon , Baez-Diaz Luis , Lesser Glenn J. , Shaw Edward G. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose This study examined an inflammatory biomarker, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), in radiotherapy (RT)-induced early adverse skin reactions or toxicities in breast cancer. Patients and Methods Between 2011 and 2013, 1,000 patients with breast cancer who underwent RT were evaluated prospectively for skin toxicities through the National Cancer Institute–funded Wake Forest University Community Clinical Oncology Program Research Base. Pre- and post-RT plasma hsCRP levels and Oncology Nursing Society skin toxicity criteria (0 to 6) were used to assess RT-induced skin toxicities. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to ascertain the associations between hsCRP and RT-induced skin toxicities after adjusting for potential confounders. Results The study comprised 623 white, 280 African American, 64 Asian/Pacific Islander, and 33 other race patients; 24% of the patients were Hispanic, and 47% were obese. Approximately 42% and 15% of patients developed RT-induced grade 3+ and 4+ skin toxicities, respectively. The hsCRP levels differed significantly by race and body mass index but not by ethnicity. In multivariable analysis, grade 4+ skin toxicity was significantly associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR], 2.17; 95% CI, 1.41 to 3.34], post-RT hsCRP ≥ 4.11 mg/L (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.44), and both factors combined (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 2.18 to 6.14). Above-median post-RT hsCRP (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.03 to 3.63), and change in hsCRP (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.42 to 5.54) were significantly associated with grade 4+ skin toxicity in nonobese patients. Conclusion This large prospective study is the first to our knowledge of hsCRP as an inflammatory biomarker in RT-induced skin toxicities in breast cancer. We demonstrate that nonobese patients with elevated RT-related change in hsCRP levels have a significantly increased risk of grade 4+ skin toxicity. The outcomes may help to predict RT responses and guide decision making.