bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failed mobility transition in an ideal setting and implications for building a green city
Authors: Andert Mareike , Nagel Melanie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe mobility sector significantly contributes to the climate crisis, impacting several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as good health (SDG 3), sustainable cities (SDG 11), climate action (SDG 13), and life on land (SDG 15). Despite broad consensus on the need for mobility transformation, practical implementation is contentious due to diverse stakeholder interests. Tübingen, a green showcase city in Germany, exemplifies this challenge. Although ideal for green mobility, a tramway project was rejected in a referendum. This case-study highlights that mobility transition is not just a technical issue but a discourse-communicative challenge, emphasising the role of socially embedded narratives. The study aims to explain the referendum’s rejection by analysing discourses, identifying argumentation patterns, and providing insights for future projects. Using Hajer’s Discourse Coalitions approach and Discourse Network Analysis, the study found that the discourse was dynamic and polarised. The pro-tramway coalition’s communication deficiencies and the opposing coalition’s strong narrative connectivity influenced the outcome. Recommendations for effective communication strategies in future projects are provided.
In vivo HIV-1 nuclear condensates safeguard against cGAS and license reverse transcription
Authors: Ay Selen , Burlaud-Gaillard Julien , Gazi Anastasia , Tatirovsky Yevgeniy , Cuche Celine , Diana Jean-Sebastien , Scoca Viviana , Di Santo James P , Roingeard Philippe , Mammano Fabrizio , Di Nunzio Francesca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEntry of viral capsids into the nucleus induces the formation of biomolecular condensates called HIV-1 membraneless organelles (HIV-1-MLOs). Several questions remain about their persistence, in vivo formation, composition, and function. Our study reveals that HIV-1-MLOs persisted for several weeks in infected cells, and their abundance correlated with viral infectivity. Using an appropriate animal model, we show that HIV-1-MLOs were formed in vivo during acute infection. To explore the viral structures present within these biomolecular condensates, we used a combination of double immunogold labeling, electron microscopy and tomography, and unveiled a diverse array of viral core structures. Our functional analyses showed that HIV-1-MLOs remained stable during treatment with a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, maintaining the virus in a dormant state. Drug withdrawal restored reverse transcription, promoting efficient virus replication akin to that observed in latently infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. However, when HIV-1 MLOs were deliberately disassembled by pharmacological treatment, we observed a complete loss of viral infectivity. Our findings show that HIV-1 MLOs shield the final reverse transcription product from host immune detection.
De novo variants in LRRC8C resulting in constitutive channel activation cause a human multisystem disorder
Authors: Quinodoz Mathieu , Rutz Sonja , Peter Virginie , Garavelli Livia , Innes A Micheil , Lehmann Elena F , Kellenberger Stephan , Peng Zhong , Barone Angelica , Campos-Xavier Belinda , Unger Sheila , Rivolta Carlo , Dutzler Raimund , Superti-Furga Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) are multimeric proteins composed of different paralogs of the LRRC8 family. They are activated in response to hypotonic swelling, but little is known about their specific functions. We studied two human individuals with the same congenital syndrome affecting blood vessels, brain, eyes, and bones. The LRRC8C gene harbored de novo variants in both patients, located in a region of the gene encoding the boundary between the pore and a cytoplasmic domain, which is depleted of sequence variations in control subjects. When studied by cryo-EM, both LRRC8C mutant proteins assembled as their wild-type counterparts, but showed increased flexibility, suggesting a destabilization of subunit interactions. When co-expressed with the obligatory LRRC8A subunit, the mutants exhibited enhanced activation, resulting in channel activity even at isotonic conditions in which wild-type channels are closed. We conclude that structural perturbations of LRRC8C impair channel gating and constitute the mechanistic basis of the dominant gain-of-function effect of these pathogenic variants. The pleiotropic phenotype of this novel clinical entity associated with monoallelic LRRC8C variants indicates the fundamental roles of VRACs in different tissues and organs.
FOXP1 phosphorylation antagonizes its O-GlcNAcylation in regulating ATR activation in response to replication stress
Authors: Zhu Xuefei , Gao Congwen , Peng Bin , Xue Jingwei , Xia Donghui , Yang Liu , Zhang Jiexiang , Gao Xinrui , Hu Yilin , Lin Shixian , Gong Peng , Xu Xingzhi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
ATR signaling is essential in sensing and responding to the replication stress; as such, any defects can impair cellular function and survival. ATR itself is activated via tightly regulated mechanisms. Here, we identify FOXP1, a forkhead-box-containing transcription factor, as a regulator coordinating ATR activation. We show that, unlike its role as a transcription factor, FOXP1 functions as a scaffold and directly binds to RPA–ssDNA and ATR–ATRIP complexes, facilitating the recruitment and activation of ATR. This process is regulated by FOXP1 O-GlcNAcylation, which represses its interaction with ATR, while CHK1-mediated phosphorylation of FOXP1 inhibits its O-GlcNAcylation upon replication stress. Supporting the physiological relevance of this loop, we find pathogenic FOXP1 mutants identified in various tumor tissues with compromised ATR activation and stalled replication fork stability. We thus conclude that FOXP1 may serve as a potential chemotherapeutic target in related tumors.
Two‐stage video anomaly detection based on dual‐stream networks and multi‐instance learning
Authors: Zhang Dejun , Fang Wenbo , Liu Yuhang , Lyu Zirong , Xiong Chen , Wang Zhan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo promptly detect abnormal events in surveillance videos, this article designs a video anomaly detection method based on multiple instance learning. Generally, abnormal events occur less frequently compared to normal events. Traditional video surveillance relies on manual operation to monitor scenes and detect abnormal events by watching surveillance videos. However, watching surveillance footage is a labor‐intensive task, and prolonged observation can lead to visual fatigue and lack of concentration, which in turn results in missed detections and false positives [1]. Therefore, it is crucial to develop intelligent algorithms for video anomaly detection. The method can detect whether segments of a video contain abnormal events. First, the I3D network is used as a feature extractor to capture spatiotemporal features from the input video. Then, the spatiotemporal information is processed and input into a segment‐level anomaly detector based on multiple instance learning for detection. The authors treat abnormal videos as positive bags and normal videos as negative bags, and automatically learn a deep anomaly ranking model that can predict abnormal segments. Finally, the results of the training were tested and analyzed, demonstrating that the model is capable of detecting abnormal traffic segments.
Magnetic seed generation by plasma heat flux in accretion disks
Authors: Villarroel-Sepúlveda N. , Asenjo F. A. , Moya P. S. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Magnetic batteries are potential sources that may drive the generation of a seed magnetic field, even if this field is initially zero. These batteries can be the result of nonaligned thermodynamic gradients in plasmas, as well as of special and general-relativistic effects. So far, magnetic batteries have only been studied in ideal magnetized fluids.
Aims. We studied the nonideal fluid effects introduced by the energy flux in the vortical dynamics of a magnetized plasma in curved space-time. We propose a novel mechanism for generating a heat-flux-driven magnetic seed within a simple accretion disk model around a Schwarzschild black hole.
Methods. We used the 3 + 1 formalism for the splitting of the space-time metric into space-like and time-like components. We studied the vortical dynamics of a magnetized fluid with a heat flux in the Schwarzschild geometry in which thermodynamic and hydrodynamic quantities are only dependent on the radial coordinate. Assuming that the magnetic field is initially zero, we estimated the linear time evolution of the magnetic field due to the inclusion of nonideal fluid effects.
Results. When the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic quantities vary only radially, the effect of the coupling between the heat flux, the space-time curvature, and the fluid velocity acts as the primary driver for an initial linearly time-growing magnetic field. The plasma heat flux completely dominates the magnetic field generation at a specific distance from the black hole, where the fluid vorticity vanishes. This distance depends on the thermodynamical properties of the Keplerian plasma accretion disk. These properties control the strength of the nonideal effects in the generation of seed magnetic fields.
Conclusions. We find that heat flux is the main driver of a seed magnetic field in black hole accretion disks if the geometry, plasma dynamics, and thermodynamics share the same axial symmetry. This suggests that nonideal fluid effects may play a major role in the magnetization of astrophysical plasmas.
Online-Zugang zu klinischen Behandlungsnotizen für ambulant versorgte Patienten (Studienprotokoll zur OpenNOTES-Studie)
Authors: Wurster Florian , Meier-Diedrich Eva , Demirer Ibrahim , DesRoches Catherine , Goldberg Nina , Hägglund Maria , Herrmann Christin , Karbach Ute , Purohit Anne , Schrader Thomas , Schwarz Julian 
Published: December 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Artikel präsentiert die vom Innovationsausschuss beim Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss geförderte OpenNOTES-Studie. Im Rahmen der Studie wird die Möglichkeit einer patientenseitigen, digitalen Einsicht in die klinischen Behandlungsnotizen ihrer Gesundheitsdienstleister (Open Notes) untersucht. Während international positive Effekte von Open Notes auf das Patienten-Empowerment und die Behandlungsergebnisse nachgewiesen werden konnten, fehlen für den deutschen Versorgungskontext entsprechende Wirksamkeitsnachweise. Die quasi-experimentelle Studie kombiniert daher quantitative und qualitative Methoden, um den Einfluss von Open Notes auf patientenberichtete Outcomes wie das Patienten-Empowerment zu bewerten. Zudem werden organisatorische, technische und rechtliche Möglichkeiten und Bedingungen untersucht, um Open Notes in die Regelversorgung zu implementieren und mittels des Einsatzes von Künstlicher Intelligenz die Patientenorientierung zu optimieren und personelle Ressourcen zu schonen.
Synthesis and lubrication properties of hollow IF-MoS2 nanospheres
Authors: Du Kai , Wei Ronghui 
Published: December 2024

Hollow IF-MoS2 nanospheres were prepared by sulfidation reaction using MoO3 nanospheres as precursors in a reducing atmosphere. The composition and morphology of the obtained samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The formation mechanism was further studied. The results showed that smaller sized MoO3 nanospheres (synthesized from 0.05 mol of ammonium molybdate) could transform into hollow IF-MoS2 nanospheres under heat treatment conditions at 850 °C for 6 h. Furthermore, we evaluated the lubrication performance of hollow IF-MoS2 nanospheres. Comparative analysis with pure oil revealed that the mixed oil, with the addition of 2 wt. % IF-MoS2, exhibited a reduced friction coefficient ranging from 0.0194 to 0.0197.
Optical and electrical transport properties of α-Ga2O3 thin films with electrical compensation of Sn impurities
Authors: Cao Wentian , Qin Xiaoqi , Wang Shuyun 
Published: December 2024

Polycrystalline α-Ga2O3 thin films containing secondary phase SnO were grown on BaF2 substrates by magnetron sputtering. The impurity tin concentration, electron concentration, and room temperature mobility of the α-Ga2O3 films are 4.5 × 1020 cm−3, 1.5 × 1015 cm−3, and 26.9 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry and Hall effect experiments. The mobility vs temperature dependence confirms that the electrons are mainly subject to polar optical phonon scattering and ionized impurity scattering in the temperature range of 160–400 K. Two ionization energies, 29 and 71 meV, were determined for different temperature ranges by logarithmic resistivity vs the reciprocal of temperature, where the former is the shallow donor SnGa formed by the incorporation of tin into gallium sites. The latter is the shallow acceptor VSn–H associated with secondary phase SnO, and it is the electrical compensation of this shallow acceptor that results in the very low carrier concentration of α-Ga2O3 films. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibits 280 and 320 nm UV radiation, where 280 nm is due to the radiation recombination of electrons trapped by the deep donor state (EC−1.1 eV) with holes trapped by the VSn–H complex. In addition, there are several narrow radiation peaks in the visible region, and the energy levels involved in the radiation transitions are determined one by one after excluding the effects of interference and diffraction.
One Pot Synthesis of Cubic Gauche Polymeric Nitrogen
Authors: Chen 陈 Runteng 润滕 , Zhang 张 Jun 俊 , Wang 王 Zelong 泽龙 , Lu 卢 Ke 可 , Peng 彭 Yi 毅 , Zhao 赵 Jianfa 建发 , Feng 冯 Shaomin 少敏 , Jin 靳 Changqing 常青 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The long sought cubic gauche polymeric nitrogen (cg-N) consisting of N-N single bonds has been synthesized by one pot route using sodium azide as a precursor at ambient conditions. The recrystallization process was designed to expose crystal faces with low activation energy that facilitates initiating the polymeric reaction at ambient conditions. The azide was considered as a precursor due to the low energy barrier in transforming double bonded N=N to single bonded cg-N. Raman spectrum measurements detected the emerging vibron peaks at 635 cm−1 for the polymerized sodium azide samples, demonstrating the formation of cg-N with N-N single bonds. Different from traditional high-pressure technique and recently developed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, the route achieves the quantitative synthesis of cg-N at ambient conditions. The one pot synthesis of cg-N offers potential for further scaling up production as well as practical applications of polymeric nitrogen based materials as high energy density materials.
Present understanding of ignition and gain using indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion target designs on the U.S. National Ignition Facility
Authors: Hurricane O A , Allen A , Bachmann B L , Baker K L , Baxamusa S , Bhandarkar S D , Biener J , Bionta S R M , Braun T , Briggs T , Brunton G , Casey D T , Chapman T , Choate C , Clark D S , Dewald E , DiNicola J-M , Divol L , Do A , Fehrenbach T , Fittinghoff D N , Gatu Johnson M , Geppert Kleinrath H , Geppert Kleinrath V , Haan S , Hilsabeck T J , Hinkel D E , Hohenberger M , Humbird K D , Izumi N , Kong C , Kritcher A L , Landen O L , Lindl J , MacGowan B J , Mackinnon A J , Maclaren S A , Marinak M , Meeuwsen R , Michel P , Milovich J , Meaney K , Millot M , Moody J D , Moore A S , Nikroo A , Nora R , Pak A , Ralph J E , Ratledge M , Ross J S , Rubery M S , Schlossberg D J , Schmit P F , Sepke S M , Smalyuk V , Spears B K , Springer P T , Stadermann M , Strozzi D J , Suratwala T I , Tommasini R , Town R P J , Weber C R , Wild C , Van Wonterghem B , Woodworth B , Wu J , Young C V , Zylstra A B 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For many decades, the running joke in fusion research has been that ‘fusion’ is thirty years away and always will be. Yet, these past few years we find ourselves in a position where we can now talk about the milestones of burning plasmas, fusion ignition, and target energy gain greater than unity (scientific breakeven) in the past tense. Fusion is no longer a joke! Yet getting to fusion ignition, the tipping-point of thermonuclear instability resulting in an explosive increase in ion thermal temperature and fusion reaction-rate, and scientific breakeven (target gain,

G

target

=

fusion yield/deposited laser energy

>

1

, in the laser-driven inertial confinement fusion context) has not been easy. In this publication we discuss our present understanding of the physics and technological challenges surrounding ignition and Gain as well as highlight some outstanding problems that still need resolution.
Fabrication, thermal, mechanical, and piezoelectric characterization of PLA/BT piezocomposites
Authors: Puszczykowska Natalia , Rytlewski Piotr , Mirkowska Agnieszka , Augustyn Piotr , Fiedurek Kacper 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The properties of polylactide (PLA) composites containing up to 40 vol% of barium titanate (BT) powder were investigated. PLA/BT composites were fabricated using twin-screw extrusion, which ensured uniform filler dispersion. The results demonstrated that increasing the BT content in PLA improved the thermal stability, stiffness, and degree of crystallinity of the composite. The piezoelectric coefficient d
33 also increased with higher BT content and longer polarization times, reaching a maximum value of 35 pC N−1 for composites containing 40 vol% BT. Additionally, the studies revealed that the d
33 coefficient is pressure dependent. Presented PLA/BT piezocomposites highlight the suitability of these materials for applications that require both biocompatibility and piezoelectric functionality, including regenerative medicine, energy harvesting, soft robotics, and electroactive biomedical devices.
Stiffness modulation in a 3-DoF pneumatic soft actuator for single-port transvesical prostatectomies
Authors: Lu Yuxi , Zhou Zhongchao , Igarashi Tatsuo , Tortos Vinocour Pablo Enrique , Gomez Tames Jose , Yu Wenwei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Soft actuators have demonstrated potential in minimally invasive surgery (MIS), requiring multiple degrees of freedom and stiffness modulation facilitated by pneumatic antagonistic chambers. However, the hollow central passage in these actuators for single-port surgery complicates the internal stress distribution during the inflation of multiple chambers, making stiffness modulation mechanisms difficult to understand. In this study, a finite element analysis model is developed to explore the combined effect of the internal stress distribution and duct structure on the stiffness modulation in soft actuators equipped with multiple pneumatic antagonistic chambers. A prototype is developed to cross-validate the simulation and examine the effects of various antagonistic chambers on the stiffness modulation. The findings confirm that inflating specific chambers alters the internal stress distribution of the actuator by creating bending moments that influence deformation responses to external loads. These moments impact the stiffness and structure of the hollow central duct by modifying its geometrical moment of inertia and affecting the lengths of the tensile and compressive regions during bending, further influencing the stiffness. The effects of bending moments and the geometrical moment of inertia on stiffness modulation vary across different actuator sections owing to the varying lengths of the tensile and compressive regions during bending. These stiffness modulations affect the tip bending, force, and response time. The study findings provide insights into the mechanism of stiffness modulation for the design of soft actuators for complex MIS.
A modular entanglement-based quantum computer architecture
Authors: Riera-Sàbat Ferran , Dür Wolfgang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose a modular quantum computation architecture based on utilizing multipartite entanglement. Each module consists of a small-scale quantum computer comprising data, memory and entangling qubits. Entangling qubits are used to selectively couple different modules by harnessing some non-controllable, distance-dependent interaction, which is effectively controlled and enhanced via a proper adjusting of the internal state of the qubits. In this way, multipartite entangled states with different entanglement topologies can be shared between modules. These states are stored in memory qubits where they can be further processed so they can eventually be used to deterministically perform certain classes of gates or circuits between modules on demand, including parallel controlled-Z gates with arbitrary interaction patterns, multi-qubit gates or whole Clifford circuits, depending on their entanglement structure. The usage of different kinds of multipartite entanglement rather than Bell pairs allows for more efficient and flexible coupling between modules, leading to a scalable quantum computation architecture.
Novel approach by shifted Schröder polynomials for solving the fractional Bagley-Torvik equation
Authors: Yassin N M , Aly Emad H , Atta A G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work is dedicated to proposing a spectral tau solution for the fractional Bagley-Torvik equation (FBTE). The suggested solution is stated as a sum of basis functions, which are selected to be the Schr

o

̈

der polynomials (SPs). By applying the proposed spectral tau approach, we derive a system of linear equations, and we solve it approximately by applying the Gauss elimination method. The error analysis is analyzed in detail. Additionally, numerical comparisons with other methods found in the literature are conducted. The numerical results validate the suggested method's accuracy, computational efficiency, and ease of use.
Electric current through atoms arranged in concentric circles induced by applying static magnetic field
Authors: Inui Norio , Shiga Yuta 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The induction of electric current between atoms arranged in concentric circles by an external magnetic field is studied using a tight-binding model. In particular, the dependence of electric current on the strength of the magnetic field, number of atoms, and temperature is examined. Substantial changes are observed in the electric current distribution when the difference in the transfer integral along the circumference and between circles is increased. Additionally, the difference in the electric current flow compared with that through a graphene ring is analyzed.