bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A barrier to care: Distance traveled affects adherence to treatment and follow‐up plans for patients with infantile hemangioma
Authors: Desrosiers Andrew S. , Ibrahim Jamil M. , Jacks Stephanie K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA chart review was performed of all patients diagnosed with infantile hemangioma in the pediatric dermatology clinic to determine whether distance traveled by the patient affected adherence to follow‐up and treatment plans. An increase in distance was associated with an increase in likelihood of nonadherence to treatment or follow‐up plans. Compared to patients who lived within 10 miles of a pediatric dermatologist, families who lived farther away were less likely to adhere to treatment plans. Families who traveled over 20 miles to clinic were 7.38 times more likely to be nonadherent to the treatment plan than those who traveled 0‐10 miles.
Reduced mortality from lower respiratory tract disease in adult diabetic patients treated with metformin
Authors: Mendy Angelico , Gopal Radha , Alcorn John F. , Forno Erick 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveChronic lower respiratory diseases (CLRD) increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, which in turn may worsen lung function. Metformin, a common antidiabetic with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, may improve respiratory outcomes. Therefore, we examined the association of metformin use with the risk of mortality from CLRD.MethodsWe analysed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 1988–1994 and 1999–2010 for participants aged 40 years or older who had diabetes and were followed up for mortality through 2011. Information on prescription medicine was collected at baseline and CLRD‐related mortality during follow‐up was defined using the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10). Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to determine the mortality hazard ratio (HR) associated with metformin use, adjusting for relevant covariates.ResultsA total of 5266 participants with a median follow‐up of 6.1 years were included. The prevalence of metformin use was 31.9% and 1869 participants died during follow‐up, including 72 of CLRD. In the adjusted Cox proportional regression analysis, metformin was associated with a decreased risk of CLRD mortality in the overall population (HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.15–0.99) and among participants with baseline CLRD (HR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.10–0.93), after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking, body mass index, current asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), insulin and other diabetic medications, and glycohaemoglobin level. We found no association between other antidiabetic medications and CLRD mortality.ConclusionIn this sample representative of the U.S. population, metformin was associated with lower CLRD mortality in adults with diabetes.
Design and Assessment Methodology for System Resilience Metrics
Authors: Najarian Mohammad , Lim Gino J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBy providing objective measures, resilience metrics (RMs) help planners, designers, and decisionmakers to have a grasp of the resilience status of a system. Conceptual frameworks establish a sound basis for RM development. However, a significant challenge that has yet to be addressed is the assessment of the validity of RMs, whether they reflect all abilities of a resilient system, and whether or not they overrate/underrate these abilities. This article covers this gap by introducing a methodology that can show the validity of an RM against its conceptual framework. This methodology combines experimental design methods and statistical analysis techniques that provide an insight into the RM's quality. We also propose a new metric that can be used for general systems. The analysis of the proposed metric using the presented methodology shows that this metric is a better indicator of the system's abilities compared to the existing metrics.
Late fusion of deep and shallow features to improve discrimination of actinic keratosis from normal skin using clinical photography
Authors: Spyridonos Panagiota , Gaitanis Georgios , Likas Aristidis , Bassukas Ioannis D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundActinic keratosis (AK) is a common premalignant skin lesion that can potentially progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Appropriate long‐term management of AK requires close patient monitoring in addition to therapeutic interventions. Computer‐aided diagnostic systems based on clinical photography might evolve in the future into valuable adjuncts to AK patient management. The present study proposes a late fusion approach of color‐texture features (shallow features) and deep features extracted from pre‐trained convolutional neural networks (CNN) to boost AK detection accuracy on clinical photographs.Materials and MethodsSystem uses a sliding rectangular window of 50 × 50 pixels and a classifier that assigns the window region to either the AK or the healthy skin class. 6010 and 13 915 cropped regions of interest (ROI) of 50 × 50 pixels of AK and healthy skin, respectively, from 22 patients were used for system implementation. Different support vector machine (SVM) classifiers employing shallow or deep features and their late fusion using the max rule at decision level were compared with the McNemar test and Yule's Q‐statistic.ResultsSupport vector machine classifiers based on deep and shallow features exhibited overall competitive performances with complementary improvements in detection accuracy. Late fusion yielded significant improvement (6%) in both sensitivity (87%) and specificity (86%) compared to single classifier performance.ConclusionThe parallel improvement of sensitivity and specificity is encouraging, demonstrating the potential use of our system in evaluating AK burden. The latter might be of value in future clinical studies for the comparison of field‐directed treatment interventions.
The Development of Structured Vocalizations in Songbirds and Humans: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Lipkind Dina , Geambasu Andreea , Levelt Clara C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHumans and songbirds face a common challenge: acquiring the complex vocal repertoire of their social group. Although humans are thought to be unique in their ability to convey symbolic meaning through speech, speech and birdsong are comparable in their acoustic complexity and the mastery with which the vocalizations of adults are acquired by young individuals. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the study of vocal development in humans and songbirds that shed new light on the emergence of distinct structural levels of vocal behavior and point to new possible parallels between both groups.
Multi‐dimensional models for functional testing of keloid scars: In silico, in vitro, organoid, organotypic, ex vivo organ culture, and in vivo models
Authors: Lebeko Maribanyana , Khumalo Nonhlanhla P. , Bayat Ardeshir 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKeloid scars are described as benign fibro‐proliferative dermal outgrowths that commonly occur in pigmented skin post cutaneous injury, and continue to grow beyond the boundary of the original wound margin. There is a lack of thorough understanding of keloid pathogenesis and thus keloid therapeutic options remain ill‐defined. In view of the poor response to current therapy and high recurrence rates, there is an unmet need in improving our knowledge and therefore in identifying targeted and effective treatment strategies in management of keloids. Keloid research however, is hampered by a lack of relevant animal models as keloids do not spontaneously occur in animals and are unique to human skin. Therefore, developing novel animal models and nonanimal models for functional evaluation of keloid cells and tissue for better understanding their pathobiology and response to putative candidate therapies are essential. Here, we present the key concepts and relevant emerging research on two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional cell and tissue models for functional testing of keloid scars. We will describe in detail current models including in vitro mono‐ and co‐cultures, multi‐cellular spheroids (organoids) and organotyopic cultures, ex vivo whole skin keloid tissue organ culture models as well as in vivo human patient models. Finally, we discuss the role played by time as the fourth dimension in a novel model that involves sequential temporal biopsies of human patients with keloids (a so called 4D in vivo human model). The use of these unique models will no doubt prove pivotal in identification of new drug targets as well as biomarkers, in functional testing of emerging novel therapeutics, and in enhancing our understanding of keloid disease biology.
IL‐7 overexpression enhances therapeutic potential of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for diabetic wounds
Authors: Khalid Ramla Sana , Khan Irfan , Zaidi Midhat Batool , Naeem Nadia , Haneef Kanwal , Qazi Rida‐e‐Maria , Habib Rakhshinda , Malick Tuba Shakil , Ali Anwar , Salim Asmat 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis study was aimed to enhance the healing potential of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells against chronic diabetic wounds through interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) transfection. IL‐7 plays an important role in wound healing and acts as a survival factor in some cell types. This study involves isolation, propagation, and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their modification with IL‐7 gene via retroviral transfection. Transfected MSCs were assessed for their effect on angiogenic genes by qPCR. Wound healing potential of transfected MSCs was analyzed by scratch assay in vitro and by transplanting these cells in rat diabetic wound models in vivo. Wound area was measured for a period of 15 days and subsequent histological analysis was performed. qPCR results showed increased expression of IL‐7 gene (p ≤ 0.05) and also principal angiogenic genes, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), VEGF receptor 1 (FLT‐1), and VEGF receptor 2 (FLK‐1) (p ≤ 0.05). Neuropilin‐1 (NRP‐1) did not show any significant change. In vitro analysis of IL‐7 MSCs showed intense cell–cell connections and tube formation as compared to the normal MSCs. Rate of wound closure was more (p ≤ 0.001) in case of diabetic group transplanted with IL‐7 MSCs. Histological examination revealed enhanced vascular supply in skin tissues of diabetic animals transplanted with IL‐7 transfected MSCs as compared to normal MSCs. Immunohistochemical results showed significantly higher expression of IL‐7 (p ≤ 0.001) and α‐smooth muscle actin(p ≤ 0.001) in the tissue sections of IL‐7 transfected group as compared to normal MSCs and the diabetic control group; the latter indicates increase in the number of blood vessels. It is concluded from this study that IL‐7 overexpression in MSCs can enhance the healing potential of MSCs and aid in wound closure in diabetic animals through the induction of angiogenic genes.
Sistema de innovación como marco analítico de la agricultura protegida en la región centro de México
Authors: García-Sánchez Edgar Iván , Vargas-Canales Juan Manuel , Palacios-Rangel María Isabel , Aguilar-Ávila Jorge 
Published: February 2019

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la agricultura protegida en México y utilizó, como marco analítico, el sistema de innovación agrícola. Las regiones analizadas fueron Puebla, Tlaxcala e Hidalgo. Los resultados indican que en las tres regiones estudiadas hay baja adopción de innovaciones y que los sistemas de innovación presentan una articulación débil y una tendencia de rentabilidad baja. Para consolidar la agricultura protegida como una alternativa para el desarrollo rural, es necesario implementar proyectos orientados al fortalecimiento de los sistemas de innovación que consideren las características territoriales.
Rewet Temperature Correlations for Liquid Nitrogen Boiling Pipe Flows Across Varying Flow Conditions and Orientations
Authors: Darr S. R. , Dong J. , Glikin N. , Hartwig J. W. , Chung J. N. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In many convective liquid–vapor phase-change heat transfer engineering applications, cryogenic fluids are widely used in industrial processes, spacecraft and cryosurgery systems, and so on. For example, cryogens are usually used as liquid fuels such as liquid hydrogen, liquid methane, and liquid oxygen in the rocket industry, liquid nitrogen and helium are frequently used to cool superconducting magnetic device for medical applications. In these systems, proper transport, handling, and storage of cryogenic fluids are of extreme importance. Among all the cryogenic transport processes performed in room temperatures, quenching, also termed chilldown, is an unavoidable initial, transient phase-change heat transfer process that brings the system down to the cryogenic condition. The Leidenfrost temperature or rewet temperature that signals the end of film boiling is practically considered the completion point of a quenching process. Therefore, rewet temperature has been considered the most important parameter for the engineering design of cryogenic thermal management systems. As most of the previous correlations for predicting the Leidenfrost temperature and the rewet temperature have been developed for water, they are shown to disagree with recent liquid nitrogen pipe chilldown experiments in upward and downward flow directions over a wide range of flow rates, pressures, and degrees of inlet subcooling. In addition to a complete review of the literature, two modified correlations are presented, one based on bubble growth and another based on the theoretical maximum limit of superheat. Each correlation performs well over the entire dataset.
How common is imaging for low back pain in primary and emergency care? Systematic review and meta-analysis of over 4 million imaging requests across 21 years
Authors: Downie Aron , Hancock Mark , Jenkins Hazel , Buchbinder Rachelle , Harris Ian , Underwood Martin , Goergen Stacy , Maher Chris G 
Published: February 2019

Objectives
To (1) estimate the proportion of patients seeking care for low back pain (LBP) who are imaged and (2) explore trends in the proportion of patients who received diagnostic imaging over time. We also examined the effect of study-level factors on estimates of imaging proportion.

Data sources
Electronic searches of MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases from January 1995 to December 2017.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Observational designs and controlled trials that reported imaging for patients presenting to primary care or emergency care for LBP. We assessed study quality and calculated pooled proportions by care setting and imaging type, with strength of evidence assessed using the GRADE system.

Results
45 studies were included. They represented 19 451 749 consultations for LBP that had resulted in 4 343 919 imaging requests/events over 21 years. Primary care: moderate quality evidence that simple imaging proportion was 16.3% (95% CI 12.6% to 21.1%) and complex imaging was 9.2% (95% CI 6.2% to 13.5%). For any imaging, the pooled proportion was 24.8% (95% CI 19.3%to 31.1%). Emergency care: moderate quality evidence that simple imaging proportion was 26.1% (95% CI 18.2% to 35.8%) and high-quality evidence that complex imaging proportion was 8.2% (95% CI 4.4% to 15.6%). For any imaging, the pooled proportion was 35.6% (95% CI 29.8% to 41.8%). Complex imaging increased from 7.4% (95% CI 5.7% to 9.6%) for imaging requested in 1995 to 11.4% (95% CI 9.6% to 13.5%) in 2015 (relative increase of 53.5%). Between-study variability in imaging proportions was only partially explained by study-level characteristics; there were insufficient data to comment on some prespecified study-level factors.

Summary/conclusion
One in four patients who presented to primary care with LBP received imaging as did one in three who presented to the emergency department. The rate of complex imaging appears to have increased over 21 years despite guideline advice and education campaigns.

Trial registration number
CRD42016041987.
New airway device as good as tracheal tube insertion for out-of-hospital resuscitation
Authors: Cook Rob , Thomas Vaughan , Martin Rosie 
Published: February 2019

The study
Effect of a strategy of a supraglottic airway device versus tracheal intubation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on functional outcome: the AIRWAYS-2 randomised clinical trial
Benger JR, Kirby K, Black S, Brett SJ, Clout M, Lazaroo MJ, Nolan JP, Reeves BC, Robinson M, Scott LJ, Smartt H, South A, Stokes EA, Taylor J, Thomas M, Voss S, Wordsworth S, Rogers CA

Published on 28 August 2018
JAMA
2018;320:779-91

This study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number 12/167/102).

To read the full NIHR Signal, go to:
https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000686/new-airway-device-as-good-as-tracheal-tube-for-resuscitation-out-of-hospita
Trends in survival after a diagnosis of heart failure in the United Kingdom 2000-2017: population based cohort study
Authors: Taylor Clare J , Ordóñez-Mena José M , Roalfe Andrea K , Lay-Flurrie Sarah , Jones Nicholas R , Marshall Tom , Hobbs F D Richard 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To report reliable estimates of short term and long term survival rates for people with a diagnosis of heart failure and to assess trends over time by year of diagnosis, hospital admission, and socioeconomic group.

Design
Population based cohort study.

Setting
Primary care, United Kingdom.

Participants

Primary care data for 55 959 patients aged 45 and over

with a new diagnosis of heart failure and 278 679 age and sex matched controls in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2017 and linked to inpatient Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics mortality data.

Main outcome measures
Survival rates at one, five, and 10 years and cause of death for people with and without heart failure; and temporal trends in survival by year of diagnosis, hospital admission, and socioeconomic group.

Results

Overall, one, five, and 10 year survival rates increased by 6.6% (from 74.2% in 2000 to 80.8% in 2016), 7.2% (from 41.0% in 2000 to 48.2% in 2012), and 6.4% (from 19.8% in 2000 to 26.2% in 2007), respectively. There were 30 906 deaths in the heart failure group over the study period. Heart failure was listed on the death certificate in 13 093 (42.4%) of these patients, and in 2237 (7.2%) it was the primary cause of death. Improvement in survival was greater for patients not requiring admission to hospital around the time of diagnosis (median difference 2.4 years; 5.3
v
2.9 years, P<0.001). There was a deprivation gap in median survival of 0.5 years between people who were least deprived and those who were most deprived (4.6
v
4.1 years, P<0.001).

Conclusions
Survival after a diagnosis of heart failure has shown only modest improvement in the 21st century and lags behind other serious conditions, such as cancer. New strategies to achieve timely diagnosis and treatment initiation in primary care for all socioeconomic groups should be a priority for future research and policy.
Enterovirus as trigger of coeliac disease: nested case-control study within prospective birth cohort
Authors: Kahrs Christian R , Chuda Katerina , Tapia German , Stene Lars C , Mårild Karl , Rasmussen Trond , Rønningen Kjersti S , Lundin Knut E A , Kramna Lenka , Cinek Ondrej , Størdal Ketil 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether infection with human enterovirus or adenovirus, both common intestinal viruses, predicts development of coeliac disease.DesignCase-control study nested within Norwegian birth cohort recruited between 2001 and 2007 and followed to September 2016.SettingNorwegian population.ParticipantsChildren carrying the HLA genotype DR4-DQ8/DR3-DQ2 conferring increased risk of coeliac disease.ExposuresEnterovirus and adenovirus detected using real time polymerase chain reaction in monthly stool samples from age 3 to 36 months.Main outcome measureCoeliac disease diagnosed according to standard criteria. Coeliac disease antibodies were tested in blood samples taken at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and then annually. Adjusted odds ratios from mixed effects logistic regression model were used to assess the relation between viral infections before development of coeliac disease antibodies and coeliac disease.ResultsAmong 220 children, and after a mean of 9.9 (SD 1.6) years, 25 children were diagnosed as having coeliac disease after screening and were matched to two controls each. Enterovirus was found in 370 (17%) of 2135 samples and was significantly more frequent in samples collected before development of coeliac disease antibodies in cases than in controls (adjusted odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 2.06; P=0.02). The association was restricted to infections after introduction of gluten. High quantity samples (>100 000 copies/μL) (adjusted odds ratio 2.11, 1.24 to 3.60; P=0.01) and long lasting infections (>2 months) (2.16, 1.16 to 4.04; P=0.02) gave higher risk estimates. Both the commonly detected enterovirus species Enterovirus A and Enterovirus B were significantly associated with coeliac disease. The association was not found for infections during or after development of coeliac disease antibodies. Adenovirus was not associated with coeliac disease.ConclusionsIn this longitudinal study, a higher frequency of enterovirus, but not adenovirus, during early childhood was associated with later coeliac disease. The finding adds new information on the role of viral infections in the aetiology of coeliac disease.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors: an emerging cause of insulin-dependent diabetes
Authors: Kotwal Anupam , Haddox Candace , Block Matthew , Kudva Yogish C 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveInsulin-dependent diabetes can occur with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. We aimed to characterize the frequency, natural history and potential predictors of ICI-induced diabetes.Research design and methodsWe reviewed 1444 patients treated with ICIs over 6 years at our cancer center, and from the 1163 patients who received programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, we identified 21 such cases, 12 of which developed new-onset insulin-dependent diabetes and 9 experienced worsening of pre-existing type 2 diabetes.ResultsICI-induced diabetes occurred most frequently with pembrolizumab (2.2%) compared with nivolumab (1%) and ipilimumab (0%). The median age was 61 years, and body mass index was 31 kg/m2, which are both higher than expected for spontaneous type 1 diabetes. Other immune-related adverse events occurred in 62%, the most common being immune mediated thyroid disease. New-onset insulin-dependent diabetes developed after a median of four cycles or 5 months; 67% presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and 83% with low or undetectable C-peptide. Autoantibodies were elevated in 5/7 (71%) at the time of new-onset diabetes. Diabetes did not resolve during a median follow-up of 1 year.ConclusionsPD-1 inhibitors can lead to insulin deficiency presenting as new-onset diabetes or worsening of pre-existing type 2 diabetes, with a frequency of 1.8 %. The underlying mechanism appears similar to spontaneous type 1 diabetes but there is a faster progression to severe insulin deficiency. Better characterization of ICI-induced diabetes will improve patient care and enhance our understanding of immune-mediated diabetes.