bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug survival of biological therapy is showing class effect: updated results from Slovenian National Registry of psoriasis
Authors: Lunder Tomaz , Zorko Mateja S. , Kolar Natasa K. , Suhodolcan Aleksandra B. , Marovt Maruska , Leskovec Nada K. , Marko Pij B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDrug survival is an important measure of successful treatment of patients with chronic diseases such as psoriasis. Therefore, the objective was to calculate drug survival and examine safety profile of biologics and immunomodulators (adalimumab, apremilast, etanercept, ixekizumab, infliximab, secukinumab, and ustekinumab) from the Slovenian National Registry of patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.MethodsData about the patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis treated with biologics were collected from 2005 until July 2018. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and Cox regression were used to calculate drug survival, where ustekinumab was selected as a reference.ResultsOverall, 1,606 patients were analyzed within 2,241 treatment episodes; adalimumab N = 831, apremilast N = 94, etanercept N = 101, ixekizumab N = 98, infliximab N = 164, secukinumab N = 340, and ustekinumab N = 613, respectively. Loss of efficacy was the most frequent reason for treatment discontinuation (contributing to 66.1% of all discontinuations). Ustekinumab was associated with the highest drug survival, meanwhile apremilast was the drug with the lowest survival rate compared to all others. Both IL‐17 inhibitors, secukinumab and ixekizumab, showed similar survival rate.ConclusionsUstekinumab was associated with the highest drug survival and most favorable safety profile compared to other biologics. Drug survival rates can be associated with the class effect of biological targets. Highest survival rate was observed for IL‐12/23 inhibitor, followed by IL‐17 and TNF‐α inhibitors, and last by an immunomodulator such as apremilast. Adverse events occurred most frequently with TNF‐α inhibitors.
Genetic risk scores demonstrate the cumulative association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in gut microbiome‐related genes with obesity phenotypes in preschool age children
Authors: Wang Anthony A. , Harrison Kristen , Musaad Salma , Donovan Sharon M. , Teran‐Garcia Margarita ,   the STRONG Kids Research Team
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundChildhood obesity is a nutrition‐related disease with multiple underlying aetiologies. While genetic factors contribute to obesity, the gut microbiome is also implicated through fermentation of nondigestible polysaccharides to short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), which provide some energy to the host and are postulated to act as signalling molecules to affect expression of gut hormones.ObjectiveTo study the cumulative association of causal, regulatory, and tagged single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes involved in SCFA recognition and metabolism with obesity.DesignStudy participants were non‐Hispanic White (NHW, n = 270) and non‐Hispanic Black (NHB, n = 113) children (2‐5 years) from the Synergistic Theory and Research on Obesity and Nutrition Group (STRONG) Kids 1 Study. SNP variables were assigned values according to the additive, dominant, or recessive inheritance models. Weighted genetic risk scores (GRS) were constructed by multiplying the reassigned values by independently generated β‐coefficients or by summing the β‐coefficients. Ethnicity‐specific SNPs were selected for inclusion in GRS by cohort.ResultsGRS were directly associated with body mass index (BMI) z‐score. The models explained 3.75%, 12.9%, and 26.7% of the variance for NHW/NHB, NHW, and NHB (β = 0.89 [CI: 0.43‐1.35], P = 0.0002; β = 0.78 [CI: 0.54‐1.03], P < 0.0001; β = 0.74 [CI: 0.51–0.97], P < 0.0001).ConclusionThis analysis supports the cumulative association of several candidate genetic variants selected for their role in SCFA signalling, transport, and metabolism with early‐onset obesity. These data strengthen the concept that microbiome influences obesity development through host genes interacting with SCFA.
Knowns and unknowns of tissue‐resident memory T cells
Authors: Altmann Daniel M. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryAdvances in transcriptomics and other approaches are shedding considerable light on tissue‐resident immune cells as distinct from recirculating cells. The advances encompass antigen‐presenting cell subsets, Tregs and importantly, tissue‐resident memory cells (TRM). What are the transcriptional programmes and functional properties that distinguish the requirements for an effective tissue resident cell in brain relative to lung, skin, adipose tissue or the genital tract? Another important conundrum has been the extent to which TRM cells are specialized either as a ‘sense and alarm’ population or as a local, primed, effector cell population in themselves. These are questions that challenge immunologists to stop thinking in terms of a generic, model, immune response and focus instead on events in the tissue in question.
Cell circuits and niches controlling B cell development
Authors: Zehentmeier Sandra , Pereira João P. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryStudies over the last decade uncovered overlapping niches for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), multipotent progenitor cells, common lymphoid progenitors, and early B cell progenitors. HSC and lymphoid niches are predominantly composed by mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) and by a small subset of endothelial cells. Niche cells create specialized microenvironments through the concomitant production of short‐range acting cell‐fate determining cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐7 and stem cell factor and the potent chemoattractant C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 12. This type of cellular organization allows for the cross‐talk between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with niche cells, such that niche cell activity can be regulated by the quality and quantity of hematopoietic progenitors being produced. For example, preleukemic B cell progenitors and preB acute lymphoblastic leukemias interact directly with MPCs, and downregulate IL‐7 expression and the production of non‐leukemic lymphoid cells. In this review, we discuss a novel model of B cell development that is centered on cellular circuits formed between B cell progenitors and lymphopoietic niches.
Exploring the complex role of chemokines and chemoattractants in vivo on leukocyte dynamics
Authors: David Bruna A. , Kubes Paul 
Published: April 2019

SummaryChemotaxis is fundamental for leukocyte migration in immunity and inflammation and contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Although chemokines and various other chemoattractants were initially appreciated as important mediators of acute inflammation, in the past years they have emerged as critical mediators of cell migration during immune surveillance, organ development, and cancer progression. Such advances in our knowledge in chemokine biology have paved the way for the development of specific pharmacological targets with great therapeutic potential. Chemoattractants may belong to different classes, including a complex chemokine system of approximately 50 endogenous molecules that bind to G protein‐coupled receptors, which are expressed by a wide variety of cell types. Also, an unknown number of other chemoattractants may be generated by pathogens and damaged/dead cells. Therefore, blocking chemotaxis without causing side effects is an extremely challenging task. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding how the chemokine system orchestrates immune cell migration and positioning at the whole organ level in homeostasis, inflammation, and infection.
Meaning in life of older adults in daily care: A qualitative analysis of participant observations of home nursing visits
Authors: Hupkens Susan , Goumans Marleen , Derkx Peter , Oldersma Annechien , Schutter Trudy , Machielse Anja 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo explore situations in daily home nursing regarding meaning in life of older adults.DesignQualitative research design.MethodsIn total, 197 participant observations were conducted during home nursing visits between September 2015–May 2018. Descriptions were thematically analysed. The themes of this analysis were subsequently linked to dimensions of meaning in life. Dialogue in research groups expanded understanding.Results/FindingsFour main themes were found namely: being in a private environment; nurse–patient encounter embedded in a relationship; personal care; and conversation.ConclusionMeaning in life of older adults may come to light in every situation during daily care. Hence there are many opportunities for nurses to attune their work to patients' meaning in life. Nurse education and health management should enable them to do so.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00511 induced by SP1 accelerates the glioma progression through targeting miR‐124‐3p/CCND2 axis
Authors: Li Chen , Liu Hongjiang , Yang Jipeng , Yang Jiankai , Yang Liang , Wang Yuanyu , Yan Zhongjie , Sun Yuchen , Sun Xiaofeng , Jiao Baohua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMounting evidence suggests the vital roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) in the glioma. However, the role of LINC00511 in gliomagenesis is still uncovered. Here, in this study, we aim to investigate the effects of LINC00511 on the glioma cancer phenotype and its deepgoing mechanism. Results indicated that LINC00511 was up‐regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines, moreover its overexpression positively correlated with the poor prognosis and advanced pathological stages. For the upstream regulation, LINC00511 was epigenetically up‐regulated by transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1). Gain and loss of functional experiments demonstrated that LINC00511 promoted the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells in vitro. The knockdown of LINC00511 repressed the tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC00511 positively regulated the CCND2 expression via competitively sponging with miR‐124‐3p. Overall, our finding illuminates that LINC00511 is induced by SP1 and accelerates the glioma progression through targeting miR‐124‐3p/CCND2 axis, constructing the SP1/LINC00511/miR‐124‐3p/CCND2 axis.
Distinguishing melanocytic nevi from melanomas using static and dynamic infrared thermal imaging
Authors: Magalhaes C. , Vardasca R. , Rebelo M. , Valenca‐Filipe R. , Ribeiro M. , Mendes J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence rates of melanoma have risen to worrying levels over the last decade. Delayed diagnosis, due to faults on the detection stage, indicates the necessity of new aiding diagnosis techniques. Since metabolic activity is highly connected to neoplasia formation, a detection technique that focuses its results on vascular responses, as Infrared thermal (IRT), seems to be a viable option.Materials and methodsStatic and dynamic (cooling) thermal images of melanoma and melanocytic nevi lesions were collected and analysed to retrieve thermal parameters characteristic of this skin lesion types. The steady‐state and dynamic variables were tested separately with different machine learning classifiers to verify whether the distinction of melanoma and nevi lesions was achievable.ResultsThe differentiation of both types of skin tumours was doable, achieving an accuracy of 84.2% and a sensitivity of 91.3% with the implementation of a learner based on support vector machines and an input vector composed by static variables.ConclusionThe use of IRT for skin tumour classification is achievable, but some improvement is needed to raise the metrics of sensitivity and specificity. For future work, it is recommended the study of dynamic parameters for the classification of other types of skin neoplasia.
Dermoscopy use in UK primary care: a survey of GPs with a special interest in dermatology
Authors: Jones O.T. , Jurascheck L.C. , Utukuri M. , Pannebakker M.M. , Emery J. , Walter F.M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma accounts for 90% of skin cancer mortality and typically presents in primary care, where it can be challenging to distinguish from benign lesions. Dermoscopy is a tool for skin visualization that is routinely used for melanoma diagnosis in secondary care. However, the role of dermoscopy in primary care remains unclear.ObjectivesTo determine views on, and use of, dermoscopy by dermatology‐interested general practitioners (GPs).MethodsAn online questionnaire was emailed to the UK Primary Care Dermatology Society members in February 2018, and responses collected over the following 4 weeks.ResultsA total of 205 responses were analysed. Most respondents were GPs (94%), aged over 50 (53%), had a postgraduate dermatological qualification (67%) and used dermoscopy regularly when reviewing pigmented skin lesions (97%). Dermoscopy use was commoner amongst GPs who had worked longer in primary care and had experience of secondary care dermatology. Most had undertaken training in dermoscopy (91%), although one‐fifth (20%) had not updated their training in over 5 years. Most of those who had received only 1 day of face‐to‐face training reported feeling confident using a dermatoscope. Few respondents (11%) reported access to teledermatology or teledermoscopy for urgent or routine referrals.ConclusionsUK GPs with a special interest in dermatology are routinely using dermoscopy in the primary care setting. More research is needed to establish optimal approaches to training and updating GP dermoscopy skills. When dermoscopy has been shown to be safe, effective, acceptable and cost‐effective in this setting, more GPs may also be able to gain and maintain the skills to implement dermoscopy into routine primary care. Technological advances, including incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms to guide GPs, could also contribute to widening use of dermoscopy among GPs.
Increased incidence of ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in psoriasis patients with depression: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hu S.C.‐S. , Yuan S.‐S.F. , Chen G.‐S. , Tu H.‐P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is known to confer a higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, very few studies have investigated whether the development of depression in psoriasis patients may further increase this vascular risk.ObjectiveWe investigated the risk of ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Taiwanese psoriasis patients with and without depression.MethodsA nationwide population‐based retrospective cohort study was performed using the National Health Insurance Research Database. We included 604 psoriasis patients with depression, who were matched to 2416 psoriasis patients without depression (1 : 4 ratio). Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined using the Cox proportional hazards regression model, with adjustment for demographic characteristics and comorbidities.ResultsCompared with psoriasis patients without depression, psoriasis patients with depression had greater risk of developing incident ischaemic heart disease (19.5% vs. 8.3%, adjusted RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.57–2.49), cerebrovascular disease (15.6% vs. 5.9%, adjusted RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.76–2.98), and either ischaemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease (28.3% vs. 12.5%, adjusted RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.60–2.35). Subgroup analysis showed that in psoriasis patients with depression, a higher risk of incident ischaemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease was present in age groups 30–100 years, in both males and females, and in both lower and higher income categories.ConclusionDepression is an independent risk factor for incident ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in patients with psoriasis. Therefore, clinicians need to be vigilant for the increased vascular risk in psoriasis patients with depression.
Morphology and Phylogeny of Three Pseudovorticella Species (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) from Brackish Waters of China
Authors: Jiang Mengmeng , Hu Tao , Wang Zhaoyi , Liang Ziyao , Li Jiqiu , Lin Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe biodiversity of peritrich ciliates from brackish biotopes is rarely investigated, especially members of the genus Pseudovorticella. Here, the morphology of three species of Pseudovorticella, i.e. P. cf. vestita (Stokes, 1883) Jankowski, 1976, P. spathulata sp. n., and P. qinghaiensis sp. n. isolated from brackish waters were studied. Pseudovorticella cf. vestita is characterized by inverted bell‐shaped cell; a J‐shaped macronucleus; a single contractile vacuole ventrally located; P3 three‐rowed; pellicle striated with highly developed pellicular vesicles; 18–22 transverse silverlines between peristome and aboral trochal band, and 9–13 between aboral trochal band and scopula. Pseudovorticella spathulata sp. n. differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: elongate‐elliptical cell; a single contractile vacuole near ventral wall of infundibulum; a J‐shaped macronucleus; P3 three‐rowed; 24–34 silverlines between oral area and aboral trochal band and 6–10 between aboral trochal band and scopula. Pseudovorticella qinghaiensis sp. n. is characterized by: cell with an oval outline; a single contractile vacuole near ventral wall of infundibulum; a C‐shaped macronucleus; P3 three‐rowed; 30–35 and 9–11 transverse silverlines above and below the trochal band, respectively. The SSU rDNA sequences of five Pseudovorticella species, namely P. annulata, P. monilata, P. parakenti, P. spathulata sp. n., and P. cf. vestita, plus that of Zoothamnium hartwigi, are reported for the first time and their evolutionary relationships are investigated. Five undefined Pseudovorticella forms are considered might be conspecific with P. monilata. Two congeners are conspecific with P. spathulata sp. n. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequences reveal that Pseudovorticella is not monophyletic and Z. hartwigi clusters with its congeners as expected.
The Significance of Vitamin D Status in Breast Cancer: A State of the Science Review
Authors: McNamara Mary , Rosenberger Kelly D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe potential role of vitamin D in the development of breast cancer has been the subject of considerable interest. Laboratory and genetic studies demonstrate promising anticarcinogenic effects of vitamin D. However, inconsistencies persist in results of human studies that have assessed vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of primary and secondary cancers. Despite these discrepancies, screening for vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation have increased dramatically in the past decade. No official institutional guidelines recommend vitamin D supplementation for cancer prevention, and yet these newly adopted practice norms have outpaced rigorous scientific study. Higher circulating levels of vitamin D [25‐hydroxyvitamin D, or 25(OH)D] appear to be associated with reduced risk and improved survivorship of certain malignancies. However, the association has not been found for all cancers. This state of the science review examines the association between vitamin D supplementation, circulating 25(OH)D level, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and the risk and mortality of breast cancer. The review addresses the role of supplementation and optimal 25(OH)D levels.
Revisiting the infracardiac bursa using multimodal methods: topographic anatomy for surgery of the esophagogastric junction
Authors: Nakamura Tatsuro , Shinohara Hisashi , Okada Tomoaki , Hisamori Shigeo , Tsunoda Shigeru , Obama Kazutaka , Kurahashi Yasunori , Takai Akihiro , Shimokawa Tetsuya , Matsuda Seiji , Makishima Haruyuki , Takakuwa Tetsuya , Yamada Shigehito , Sakai Yoshiharu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In embryology, the infracardiac bursa (ICB) is a well‐known derivative separated from the omental bursa. During surgeries around the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), surgeons often encounter a closed space considered to be equivalent to the ICB, but the macroscopic anatomy in adults is hardly known. This study aimed to revisit the ICB using multimodal methods to show its development from the embryonic to adult stage and clarify its persistence and topographic anatomy. Histological sections of 79 embryos from Carnegie stage (CS) 16 to 23 and magnetic resonance (MR) images of 39 fetuses were examined to study the embryological development of the ICB. Horizontal sections around the EGJ obtained from three adult cadavers were examined to determine the topographic anatomy and histology of the ICB. Further, 32 laparoscopic surgical videos before (n = 16) and after (n = 16) the start of this study were reviewed to confirm its remaining rate and topographic anatomy in surgery. The ICB was formed in 1 out of 10 CS17 samples, and in 8 out of 10 CS18 samples. Further, it was observed in all CS19–23 except one CS23 sample and in 25 (64%) out of 39 fetus samples. Three‐dimensional reconstructed MR images of fetuses revealed that the ICB was located at the right alongside the esophagus and the cranial side of the diaphragmatic crus. In one adult cadaver, the caudal end of the ICB arose from the level of the esophageal hiatus and the cranial end reached up to the level of the pericardium. The inner surface cells of the space consisted of the mesothelium. In laparoscopic surgery, the ICB was identified in only 11 (69%) out of 16 surgeries before. However, subsequently we were able to identify the ICB reproducibly in 15 (94%) out of 16 surgeries. Thus, the ICB is the structure commonly remaining in almost all adults as a closed space located at the right alongside the esophagus and the cranial side of the diaphragmatic crus. It may be available as a useful landmark in surgery of the EGJ.
Development and evaluation of a cervical cancer screening system in Cambodia: A collaborative project of the Cambodian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Ueda Yutaka , Kawana Kei , Yanaihara Nozomu , Banno Kouji , Chhit Maryan , Uy Kyna , Kruy Leangsim , Sann Chan S. , Ishioka‐Kanda Miwa , Akaba Hiroki , Matsumoto Yasuyo , Fujita Noriko , Yano Testu , Koum Kanal , Okamoto Aikou , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimIn Cambodia, the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Cambodian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics have an on‐going project, started in 2015, for cervical cancer prevention and treatment. The project, currently aimed at factory workers, includes a women’s health education program that leads into cervical cancer prevention by establishment of a system for early detection and treatment. It begins by health education, screening for human papillomavirus (HPV), followed by colposcopy and quicker treatment of earlier precursor lesions.MethodsRates for participant screening, HPV test positivity, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) detection and distribution of HPV types were compared between two screening programs, factory‐based and hospital‐based. Some HPV test samples were divided into two, one of which was sent to Japan for a quality‐control check of the Cambodian testing.ResultsThe factory‐based participant screening rate was 19% (128/681). HPV was detected more frequently in the factory‐based program participants (12%) than in the hospital‐based program participants (5%). Unfortunately, however, the rate of receiving proper secondary colposcopy screening among the HPV‐positive females was significantly higher in the hospital‐based program (94%) than the factory‐based program (40%) (P < 0.001). The Cambodian laboratory HPV testing accuracy was 92.6%. HPV types demonstrated no significant difference between the two prevention programs.ConclusionWe could successfully introduce HPV‐based screening, starting from health education. However, low rate of screening, especially secondary screening for HPV positive factory workers was identified. Also, HPV testing could be further improved for accuracy through close monitoring.