bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of dehydroxy isoquine and isotebuquine as promising anticancer agents targeting K+ channel
Authors: Romero Angel H. , López Simón E. , Arvelo Francisco , Sojo Felipe , Calderon Christian , Morales Alvaro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTraditional antimalarial drugs based on 4‐aminoquinolines have exhibited good antiproliferative activities against human tumor cells; however, their low relative efficacy has limited their corresponding clinical uses. In order to identify new potent anticancer agents based on 4‐aminoquinoline, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity of a series of dehydroxy isoquines and isotebuquines against five human cancer lines. HeLa and SKBr3 were significantly more sensitive to the action of tested quinolines than the A549, MCF‐7, and PC‐3 cancer lines. Compound 2h was by far the most potent derivative against four of the tested lines (except to PC3 line), exhibiting low micromolar or nanomolar IC50 values superior to adriamycin reference, low toxicities on dermis human fibroblasts (LD50 > 250 μM), and excellent selectivity indexes against the mentioned cancer cells. A structure–activity relationship analysis put in evidence that a pyrrolidine or morpholine moiety as N‐alkyl terminal substitution and the incorporation of the extra phenyl attached to aniline ring are pharmacophore essentials for improvement the anticancer activity of the studied dehydroxy isoquines and isotebuquines. From the results, compound 2h emerged as a promising anticancer candidate for further in vitro assays against resistant‐strain and in vivo studies as well as pharmacokinetic and genotoxicity studies. Mechanistic assays suggested that the most active quinoline 2h act as calcium‐activated potassium channel activator.
Pathways of socioeconomic inequalities in gingival bleeding among adolescents
Authors: Sfreddo Camila S. , Moreira Carlos Heitor C. , Celeste Roger K. , Nicolau Belinda , Ardenghi Thiago M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the pathways through which the socioeconomic inequalities may influence gingival bleeding in adolescents, assessing the direct and indirect effects of material and psychosocial variables.MethodsThis cohort study followed a multistage, random sample of 1134 12‐year‐old adolescents from 20 public schools of Santa Maria, a city in southern Brazil. The percentage of teeth with gingival bleeding was recorded according to the Community Periodontal Index criteria (scored as healthy or bleeding) at baseline and at 2‐year follow‐up. Biological (dental plaque, caries, and dental crowding), material (socioeconomic position [SEP] operationalized as family income and parents’ education), psychosocial (parents’ religiosity, self‐rated health, and happiness) and behavioural (use of dental service by adolescents) factors were collected at baseline. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was guided by the adapted Commission on the Social Determinants of Health model linking material, psychosocial, biological, and behaviour variables to health. The SEM was employed to estimate standardized direct, indirect, and total effects of material and psychosocial factors on gingival bleeding at follow‐up.ResultsA total of 770 14‐year‐old adolescents were reassessed (follow‐up rate of 68%). The lower SEP at baseline had a higher direct effect (standard coefficient [SC] = −0.17, P < 0.01) than a mediated effect on percentage of teeth with gingival bleeding at 2‐year follow‐up. The lower indirect effect (SC = −0.06, P < 0.01) from SEP to gingival bleeding at follow‐up ran through biological factors—dental plaque (baseline and follow‐up) and gingival bleeding at baseline. The lower religiosity of the parents as a psychosocial aspect had only a small direct effect (SC = −0.10, P = 0.03) on gingival bleeding at follow‐up.ConclusionsMaterial factors such as SEP contributed most to explanations on inequalities in adolescents’ periodontal health because of their higher direct effect and additional shared (indirect) effect (through biological factors) on gingival bleeding. Religious practice as a psychosocial factor only explained part of percentage of teeth with gingival bleeding at follow‐up.
Climate readiness of recovery plans for threatened Australian species
Authors: Hoeppner Johanne Malin , Hughes Lesley 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe rapidly changing climate is posing growing threats for all species, but particularly for those already considered threatened. We reviewed 100 recovery plans for Australian terrestrial threatened species (50 fauna and 50 flora plans) written from 1997 to 2017. We recorded the number of plans that acknowledged climate change as a threat and of these how many proposed specific actions to ameliorate the threat. We classified these actions along a continuum from passive or incremental to active or interventionist. Overall, just under 60% of the sampled recovery plans listed climate change as a current or potential threat to the threatened taxa, and the likelihood of this acknowledgment increased over time. A far smaller proportion of the plans, however, identified specific actions associated with ameliorating climate risk (22%) and even fewer (9%) recommended any interventionist action in response to a climate‐change‐associated threat. Our results point to a disconnect between the knowledge generated on climate‐change‐related risk and potential adaptation strategies and the extent to which this knowledge has been incorporated into an important instrument of conservation action.
Interspecific aggression declines seasonally in breeding great tits Parus major
Authors: Samplonius Jelmer M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDuring the breeding season, great tits show aggression to protect their nest from intra‐ and interspecific intruders. Aggression is a labile trait that can be plastically expressed as a result of individual differences (e.g., personality), seasonal gradients in the costs and benefits of aggression, or other environmental components (e.g., number of competitors). Competitors may try to take over great tit nests, because the number of suitable nesting sites is limited, and great tits may guard high quality territories. Taking over a great tit nest may be especially fruitful in early phenological stages (egg laying) when great tits frequent their nests less often. However, great tits may compensate for this vulnerability by being more aggressive toward intruders during early nesting stages, a pattern that has already been established in an intraspecific context. Previous studies have shown that interspecific intruders were most likely to die from great tit aggression during great tit egg laying, suggesting great tits may also be more aggressive during this phase in an interspecific context. Here, I tested this hypothesis with simulated territorial intrusions in great tit territories using taxidermized blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus (hereafter called blue tit models). Great tit aggression (number of calls and approach distance toward blue tit model) was assayed during egg laying, incubation, and chick rearing in the breeding season of 2014. Although sample size was low due to a high fraction of non‐responders (n = 44 out of 89 assays across 26 out of 35 individuals), I found that great tits showed a seasonal decline in aggressiveness, which is congruent with intraspecific results on this study species. I discuss my findings in the context of differential adjustment to climate change between interspecific competitors.
Four decades of functional community change reveals gradual trends and low interlinkage across trophic groups in a large marine ecosystem
Authors: Törnroos Anna , Pecuchet Laurene , Olsson Jens , Gårdmark Anna , Blomqvist Mats , Lindegren Martin , Bonsdorff Erik 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe rate at which biological diversity is altered on both land and in the sea, makes temporal community development a critical and fundamental part of understanding global change. With advancements in trait‐based approaches, the focus on the impact of temporal change has shifted towards its potential effects on the functioning of the ecosystems. Our mechanistic understanding of and ability to predict community change is still impeded by the lack of knowledge in long‐term functional dynamics that span several trophic levels. To address this, we assessed species richness and multiple dimensions of functional diversity and dynamics of two interacting key organism groups in the marine food web: fish and zoobenthos. We utilized unique time series‐data spanning four decades, from three environmentally distinct coastal areas in the Baltic Sea, and assembled trait information on six traits per organism group covering aspects of feeding, living habit, reproduction and life history. We identified gradual long‐term trends, rather than abrupt changes in functional diversity (trait richness, evenness, dispersion) trait turnover, and overall multi‐trait community composition. The linkage between fish and zoobenthic functional community change, in terms of correlation in long‐term trends, was weak, with timing of changes being area and trophic group specific. Developments of fish and zoobenthos traits, particularly size (increase in small size for both groups) and feeding habits (e.g. increase in generalist feeding for fish and scavenging or predation for zoobenthos), suggest changes in trophic pathways. We summarize our findings by highlighting three key aspects for understanding functional change across trophic groups: (a) decoupling of species from trait richness, (b) decoupling of richness from density and (c) determining of turnover and multi‐trait dynamics. We therefore argue for quantifying change in multiple functional measures to help assessments of biodiversity change move beyond taxonomy and single trophic groups.
Extramammary Paget's disease: a review of the literature
Authors: Simonds Robert M. , Segal Robert J. , Sharma Amit 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExtramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy. The disease typically affects older individuals aged 60–80 years and is seen most frequently in postmenopausal Caucasian women and Asian men. EMPD exhibits a predilection for the genital and perianal regions and may be associated with an underlying carcinoma in adjacent organs. EMPD presents a challenge in both diagnosis and management. Often treated empirically as various dermatitides, the correct diagnosis is frequently delayed by many years. Following diagnosis, an extensive search for an associated malignancy should be initiated. If invasive disease is present on biopsy, a sentinel lymph node biopsy may guide further treatment. Mohs micrographic surgery appears to be superior to wide local excision when considering tissue sparing ability and disease recurrence. Nonsurgical interventions have also been investigated with varied results. Regardless of treatment method, long‐term follow‐up is recommended to monitor for local disease recurrence, development of internal malignancy, regional lymphadenopathy, or distant metastasis.
Evaluación de la eficacia de las disposiciones laborales de los acuerdos comerciales: marco analítico y metodológico
Authors: AISSI Jonas , PEELS Rafael , SAMAAN Daniel 
Published: December 2018

ResumenEste artículo propone un marco analítico y metodológico para examinar la eficacia de las disposiciones laborales de los acuerdos comerciales, ilustrándolo con estudios de casos. Los autores desarrollan la noción de capacidad en tres niveles (jurídico, institucional y político) y diferencian entre resultados inmediatos (jurídicos, institucionales y políticos) y resultados socioeconómicos ulteriores (mejora de los derechos y las condiciones laborales). Analizan las disposiciones laborales de dichos acuerdos como una «combinación de políticas» que ha de evaluarse con métodos cualitativos y/o cuantitativos, dependiendo del aspecto de la capacidad de que se trate y de los datos disponibles. Asimismo, ofrecen algunas recomendaciones de política.
Conserved and variable natural killer cell receptors: diverse approaches to viral infections
Authors: Bastidas‐Legarda Leidy Y. , Khakoo Salim I. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system with essential roles during viral infections. NK cell functions are mediated through a repertoire of non‐rearranging inhibitory and activating receptors that interact with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–peptide complexes on the surface of infected cells. Recent work studying the conserved CD94–NKG2A and variable killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor–MHC systems suggest that these two receptor families may have subtly different properties in terms of interactions with MHC class I bound peptides, and in recognition of down‐regulation of MHC class I. In this review, we discuss how these properties generate diversity in the NK cell response to viruses.
Sex‐specific relationship between adult height and the risk of stroke: A dose‐response meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Zhou Wen , Li Yuqian , Liu Xuejiao , Zhang Lulu , Shi Yuanyuan , Wang Chongjian , Zhang Dongdong , Mao Zhenxing , Li Linlin 
Published: December 2018

Conflicting evidence exists regarding the magnitude of the association between adult height and risk of stroke, and it is unclear whether this association is different between men and women. The authors carried out a meta‐analysis to assess the sex‐specific effect of adult height on the risk of stroke and its subtypes. Prospective cohort studies reporting sex‐specific risk estimates of height with stroke or reported in a certain sex were included. Summary relative risks for 5‐unit increments in height were calculated using random‐effects, and dose‐response relationships were performed using a restricted cubic spline model. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and tests for publication bias were also performed. In all, 20 prospective studies were identified in this study. The summary of relative risks (95% CIs) of stroke for a 5 cm increase in adult height were 0.93 (0.90‐0.95) for men and 0.88 (0.83‐0.93) for women. There was no significant difference in the effect of height on future stroke risk between men and women (Pinteraction = 0.085). There was evidence of a nonlinear association between adult height and stroke risk, with steeper inverse associations at lower level of height, but further reductions in risk were observed at greater heights. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed that the significant associations were consistent in most stratifications and with various inclusion criteria. In conclusion, higher adult height was significantly associated with lower risk of stroke in both men and women.
Stage‐specific probabilistic phenology model of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) using laboratory maximum likelihood parameter estimates
Authors: Damos Petros , Soulopoulou Polyxeni 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, a probabilistic degree‐day phenology model has been developed for the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, and calibrated using data from laboratory growth studies. The model is further used to predict the succession and overlapping of certain biological events of C. pomonella in probabilistic‐physiological time scale in northern Greece fruit orchards. The model satisfactorily predicts the stage‐specific pest population dynamics, including egg laying and hatching, the occurrence of larvae and pupae stages and the emergence of adults. According to the model projections for the adult flights, there is a very high probability, p = 0.999, of observing adults of the first flight generation until 333 degree‐days (DD), but a very low probability of finding adults of the second flight generation. Moreover, at 575 DD, the probability of finding an individual to lay eggs is p = 0.15. However, there is nearly the same probability of egg hatch, p = 0.36, and larval completion p = 0.313, while at the same time, the probability of pupal completion is very low, p = 0.001. The above model predictions were validated using field data for the adult stage emergence as well as for the percentage of larval damage providing satisfactory results considering that larval emergence prediction was close to actual fruit damage observed in field. This information is very important considering that IPM programs rely on the use of biorational compounds, such as IGRs and bio‐toxins which are stage selective and often have a shorter residual activity than the preceding broad‐spectrum insecticides.
Response of two parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Figitidae) to tephritid host and host food substrate cues
Authors: Buonocore Biancheri María Josefina , Suárez Lorena C. , Bezdjian Laura Patricia , Van Nieuwenhove Guido Alejandro , Rull Juan , Ovruski Sergio Marcelo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Neotropical‐native figitid Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) and the Asian braconid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) are two parasitoids of Tephritidae fruit flies with long and recent, respectively, evolutionary histories in the Neotropics. Both species experienced a recent range of overlap. In Argentina, A. pelleranoi is a potential species in biological control programs against the pestiferous tephritid species, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), whereas D. longicaudata is already used in open‐field releases against Medfly in central‐western Argentina. To characterize the host‐foraging strategies of A. pelleranoi and D. longicaudata, olfactometer experiments were conducted comparing responses to C. capitata and A. fraterculus larvae, in two kinds of food substrate: fruit and artificial larval medium. To control the possible influence of host larvae used for parasitoid rearing on olfactory response, two strains of both parasitoid species, reared on both tephrtid species, were studied. Volatiles directly emanating either from A. fraterculus or C. capitata larvae may be detected by both A. pelleranoi and D. longicaudata, although chemical stimuli originating from the combination of host larvae and the habitat of the host were preferred. However, olfactory cues associated with host larvae probably play a relevant role in host searching behaviour of A. pelleranoi, whereas for D. longicaudata, the host‐habitat olfactory stimuli would be highly essential in short‐range host location. The strain of the parasitoids did not affect host search ability on the two tephritid species evaluated. These evidences are relevant for mass production of both parasitoids and their impact following open‐field augmentative releases.
Quantitative Easing in the 1930s
Authors: HANES CHRISTOPHER 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDuring the 1934–39 recovery from the U.S. Great Depression, overnight interest rates were usually at a lower bound. Meanwhile, American monetary authorities followed policies related to today's debates on quantitative easing: they tried to stabilize yields on Treasury bonds with open market operations; they created rapid growth in high‐powered money; and they allowed transitory factors to affect high‐powered money. Effects of these policies on bond yields reveal a portfolio effect of short‐duration asset supply on term premiums. This portfolio effect helps explain why high‐powered money growth was associated with recovery of real activity over 1934–39.
G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor activates cell type‐specific signaling pathways in cortical cultures: relevance to the selective loss of astrocytes
Authors: Roque Cláudio , Mendes‐Oliveira Julieta , Baltazar Graça 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSelective activation of the G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor has been proposed to avoid some of the side effects elicited by the activation of classical estrogen receptors α and β. Although its contribution to neuroprotection triggered by estradiol in brain disorders has been explored, the results regarding ischemic stroke are contradictory, and currently, there is no consensus on the role that this receptor may play. The present study aimed to investigate the role of GPER in the ischemic insult. For that, primary cortical cultures exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) were used as a model. Our results demonstrate that neuronal survival was strongly affected by the ischemic insult and concurrent GPER activation with G1 had no further impact. In contrast, OGD had a smaller impact on astrocytes survival but G1, alone or combined with OGD, promoted their apoptosis. This effect was prevented by the GPER antagonist G15. The results also show that ischemia did not change the expression levels of GPER in neurons and astrocytes. In this study, we also demonstrate that selective activation of GPER induced astrocyte apoptosis via the phospholipase C pathway and subsequent intracellular calcium rise, whereas in neurons, this effect was not observed. Taken together, this evidence supports a direct impact of GPER activity on the viability of astrocytes, which seems to be associated with the regulation of different signaling pathways in astrocytes and neurons.
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Non‐urgent paediatric emergency department presentation: A systematic review
Authors: Alele Faith O , Emeto Theophilus I , Callander Emily J , Watt Kerrianne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere has been an increase in the use of the emergency department (ED) for non‐urgent presentations. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the proportion, criteria and predictors of non‐urgent ED presentations in paediatric populations. A search of multiple databases was conducted for articles published from inception of the databases to 20 August 2018, which reported the proportion, criteria and predictors of non‐urgent ED presentation in paediatric populations. Thirty‐one articles met the inclusion criteria. The mean proportion of non‐urgent paediatric ED presentations was 41.06 ± 15.16%. There appears to be a weak association between predisposing, enabling and needs factors and non‐urgent ED use in paediatric populations. The findings of this review suggest that non‐urgent ED use in paediatric populations is high. However, non‐urgent ED use and the reasons for the visits in paediatric populations remain understudied.
The Moral Community Divide: Underage Marijuana Use Across Religious Contexts
Authors: Nie Fanhao , Yang Xiaozhao Y. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCompared to individual‐level research on religion and marijuana use, much less research has been conducted to investigate how the overall religious context of a geographic location may influence marijuana use during adolescence and early adulthood. Using multilevel analyses on two waves of the National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR) merged with county‐level variables from the U.S. Census and the Religious Congregations and Membership Study (RCMS), this study finds that a county's higher Catholic population share is negatively associated with underage marijuana use frequency even after controlling for a wide range of individual and county‐level variables. Besides being robust, the Catholic contextual effect on marijuana use is also diffusive, influencing both Catholic and non‐Catholic youth who live in the same county. This study highlights the importance of viewing religious influence on substance use as a contextual, cultural force across different kinds of religious moral communities.