bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography and cryptic speciation in theMyrmica scabrinodisNylander, 1846 species complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and their conservation implications
Authors: Ebsen Jon R. , Boomsma Jacobus J. , Nash David R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMyrmica scabrinodisis one of the commonest European ant species, but field observations of variable ecology and behaviour have suggested the existence of several ecotypes or even cryptic species within this ant.To address this hypothesis, we reconstructed the molecular phylogeny ofM.scabrinodisand 15 related species based on 1089 base pairs of mitochondrial genes cytochrome B (Cyt‐B) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI).We show that two major lineages occur throughout Europe. The observed sequence divergence between the twoM.scabrinodislineages is similar to or greater than that observed between the other investigated species.On a local scale, the lineages are both observed at the wet and dry extremes of the overallM.scabrinodisniche distribution, but analysis of theMyrmicacommunities in two sympatric populations shows that lineage B tends to avoid the drier habitat patches.Our inferred phylogenetic relationship of intra‐ and inter‐specific mitochondrial lineages within theM.scabrinodisspecies group in general shows several inconsistencies with the presently accepted taxonomy, suggesting the potential existence of more unrecognised cryptic species.The separate status of other species is not supported, particularly the differentiation betweenMyrmicasabuletiandMyrmicalonae, and specimens identified asMyrmica tulinaehave highly inconsistent mitochondrial haplotypes, suggesting that the morphology associated with this taxon does not reflect phylogeny.The existence of multiple lineages withinM.scabrinodis, and the apparent synonymy betweenM. lonaeandM.sabuletihas implications for the conservation ofMaculineabutterflies, for which these are major hosts.
The Ministry of the Church to People with Disability
Authors: Nkomazana Fidelis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractJesus’ ministry on earth is meant to be a model of the ministry of the church. It affected all types of people regardless of their socio‐economic and religious status. Jesus regarded all to be made in the image of God and did everything possible to minister to everyone. He particularly went out of his way to reach those whom society marginalized, neglected, rejected, and deemed worthless. This study aims at generally critically evaluating the ministry of the church today. It specifically attempts to examine the ministry of the church to people with disabilities. While the study largely depends on existing literature, it also refers to observation of the status of people with disabilities in the church today, which on its own may not provide adequate information for solid, conclusive findings. In the church’s ministry to people with disabilities, dealing with barriers to their inclusion is core. The article not only examines the challenges faced by the church in addressing issues of inclusion, but identifies specific areas of improvement in the status of people with disabilities.
The Mission of the Church to People with Disabilities in Southern and Central Africa
Authors: Amanze James N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDisability has, in recent years, become a focal point of discussion in many parts of the world with the increasing awareness that people with disabilities (PWDs) are disadvantaged because of their condition. Throughout history, PWDs have been relegated to the status of second‐class citizens and in some instances treated inhumanly. In many cultures, particularly in Africa, issues of disability are surrounded by fear because of the strong belief that they are caused by sin, witchcraft, or evil spirits. People with mental challenges are demonized. This has led to a negative attitude toward PWDs in the world generally and in Southern and Central Africa in particular. This paper discusses the mission of the church in this context. It argues that the church must act as a catalyst for change by generating a positive attitude toward PWDs so that they can enjoy fullness of life. This can be achieved by mainstreaming issues of disability in the social, economic, political, and spiritual life of society as a whole.
Reproducibility of masked uncontrolled hypertension detected through home blood pressure monitoring
Authors: Barochiner Jessica , Posadas Martínez María Lourdes , Martínez Rocío , Giunta Diego 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMasked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) is an entity described in treated hypertensive subjects, where office blood pressure (BP) is well controlled and out‐of‐office BP is elevated. It has been related to a higher cardiovascular risk. However, the reproducibility of MUCH has been scarcely studied. In this study, we aimed to determine the reproducibility of MUCH detected through home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM). Two sets of measurements were performed in hypertensive adults under stable treatment with a 1‐week interval. Each set of measurements included three office BP readings and a 4‐day HBPM with duplicate readings in the morning, afternoon, and evening (the same validated oscillometric device was employed in both settings). We determined the percentage of agreement regarding the presence of MUCH in the two sets of measurements and quantified such agreement through the Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ), its 95% confidence interval, andPvalue. We included 105 patients (median age 58.6 [IQR 45.6‐67.2] years old, 53.4% men). MUCH prevalence on at least one occasion was 22.3% (95% CI: 15.2‐31.5). The reproducibility of MUCH was scant:κ = 0.19 (95% CI: 0.0002‐0.38),P = 0.02, due to the poor reproducibility of the office BP component of MUCH in comparison with the home BP component:κ = 0.21 (95% CI: 0.03‐0.39),P = 0.01 vsκ = 0.48 (95% CI 0.29‐0.67),P < 0.001, respectively. In conclusion, the reproducibility of MUCH detected through HBPM is minimal, mainly due to the poor reproducibility of office BP measurements. An HBPM‐based strategy for the management of patients with MUCH may be more adequate in terms of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Science policies: How should science funding be allocated? An evolutionary biologists’ perspective
Authors: Meirmans Stephanie , Butlin Roger K. , Charmantier Anne , Engelstädter Jan , Groot Astrid T. , King Kayla C. , Kokko Hanna , Reid Jane M. , Neiman Maurine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn an ideal world, funding agencies could identify the best scientists and projects and provide them with the resources to undertake these projects. Most scientists would agree that in practice, how funding for scientific research is allocated is far from ideal and likely compromises research quality. We, nine evolutionary biologists from different countries and career stages, provide a comparative summary of our impressions on funding strategies for evolutionary biology across eleven different funding agencies. We also assess whether and how funding effectiveness might be improved. We focused this assessment on 14 elements within four broad categories: (a) topical shaping of science, (b) distribution of funds, (c) application and review procedures, and (d) incentives for mobility and diversity. These comparisons revealed striking among‐country variation in those elements, including wide variation in funding rates, the effort and burden required for grant applications, and the extent of emphasis on societal relevance and individual mobility. We use these observations to provide constructive suggestions for the future and urge the need to further gather informed considerations from scientists on the effects of funding policies on science across countries and research fields.
Antioxidation and memory protection effects of solid‐state‐fermented rapeseed meal peptides on D‐galactose‐induced memory impairment in aging‐mice
Authors: Ding Qingzhi , Wu Ricardo A. , Yin Litao , Zhang Weiwei , He Ronghai , Zhang Ting , Jiang Hanfei , Luo Lin , Ma Haile , Dai Chunhua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study aims to explore the bioactivity of peptides from solid‐state‐fermented rapeseed meal. Three fragments (RP1, RP2, and RP3) were separated by ultrafiltration after solid‐state fermentation; RP1 (MW ≤3 kDa) showed the highest DPPH scavenging rate (EC50 0.27 mg/mL). Then the protective effect of RP1 contra oxidative stress in aging‐mice induced by d‐galactose was investigated by Morris water maze and biochemical analysis (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH‐Px], and malondialdehyde [MDA]) in mouse brain tissue and blood serum. RP1 suppressed in brain and serum of mice the lipid peroxidation by increasing SOD (127.09 ± 8.05 U/mL) and GSH‐Px (20.04 ± 0.71 U/mL). MDA levels showed decreased values (2.94 ± 0.57 U/mL) with the presence of RP1. Also, RP1 avoided mitochondria dysfunction as shown in the increased amounts of ATP. As a result, it suppressed aging, an adverse effect of d‐galactose in mice. The results suggest that the rapeseed peptides from solid‐state fermentation have a potential for the development of therapeutic products.Practical applicationsRapeseed meal is the protein‐rich by‐product after oil is removed from the rapeseed. This meal is an important source of proteins which can be used to develop value‐added products and at the same time reducing food waste. However, the presence of anti‐nutritional factors such as glucosinolate, tannin, and phytic acid has limited its utilization. The present study provides a practical application of solid‐state fermentation. In this process microbial fermentation produces proteolytic enzymes able to hydrolyze proteins into peptides and at the same time degrade toxic substances in rapeseed meal. Solid‐state fermentation was able to produce antioxidant peptides from rapeseed meal. These peptides showed in vivo antioxidant and protective effects against memory impairment on d‐galactose‐induced aging‐mice. The results show that solid‐state fermentation may potentially produce healthy value‐added products from rapeseed peptides.
Home safety practices to prevent child injury and its association with family and children's daily routines in Japan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Honda Chikako , Naruse Takashi , Tsuchiya‐Ito Rumiko , Yamamoto Natsuki , Nagata Satoko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between children and their families' daily life routines and the implementation of safety practices in their homes.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using a self‐administered questionnaire among parents of 3‐year‐old children, who visited a public health center in Tokyo for their health checkups. Associations between the implementation of safety practices and family and children's basic daily routines were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression.ResultsData from 336 parents were analyzed. Three items were found to be significantly related to the non‐implementation of safety practices, such as “television‐watching behavior: after 8:00 p.m.” (adjusted odds ratio = 1.88, p = .02), “washing hands: not every time after getting home” (adjusted odds ratio = 2.24, p = .02), and “Family Routines Inventory: lower score” (a measurement of the routinization of a family's daily life; adjusted odds ratio = .83, p = .01).ConclusionThe cumulative results suggest that the lack of safety practices implementation signify nonadherence to daily routine practices by parents.
Clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a timosaponin A‐III‐based antiwrinkle agent against skin aging
Authors: Im A‐Rang , Seo Young Kyoung , Cho Se Hee , O Kyeong Hee , Kim Ki Mo , Chae Sungwook 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTimosaponin A‐III (TA‐III) is known to exist in the medicinal herb of Anemarrhena asphodeloides as one of major chemical components.AimsThe photoprotective properties of TA‐III on UVB‐exposed HaCaT cells were evaluated on the antiwrinkle effects and skin safety in terms of clinical trial.MethodsThe level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were measured in HaCaT cells following UVB irradiation. To evaluate the clinical safety of an agent containing 0.25% of TA‐III for use on human skin. Female subjects (n = 21) between the ages of 43 and 55 who met the criteria for subject selection were selected. They were beginning to form or had already formed wrinkles.ResultsUVB irradiation increased MMP‐1 expression and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These increases were attenuated by TA‐III pretreatment of UVB‐exposed HaCaT cells. We found that the agent containing 0.25% of TA‐III ameliorated skin wrinkling. A comparison between groups showed that wrinkle parameters were significantly reduced after 12 weeks of product use (P < 0.05). According to skin safety result, TA‐III showed no dermatological toxicity was found in participants.ConclusionsIn conclusion, TA‐III could provide protection against photoaging and daily application of TA‐III for 12 weeks significantly reduced signs of facial aging by limiting wrinkle formation.
Case of leiomyosarcoma arising from subserosal leiomyoma
Authors: Yamaguchi Maiko , Kusunoki Soshi , Hirayama Takashi , Fujino Kazunari , Terao Yasuhisa , Itakura Atsuo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare tumor. It has not been established if these tumors arise de novo or from pre‐existing leiomyomas (LM). We report a case herein of LMS arising from a subserosal LM. A 47‐year‐old nulliparous woman was diagnosed with a uterine tumor measuring 30 cm in diameter by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. Serum CA‐125 level was 369 U/mL, and the lactate dehydrogenase level was elevated (565 IU/L, respectively). Positron emission tomography‐computed tomography revealed abnormal uptake (SUVmax = 25.29) of the abdominal tumor. Upon laparotomy, a large tumor with solid and cystic components was shown to arise from a subserosal LM, with invasion into the greater omentum and small intestine. Abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, omentectomy and small intestine resection were performed. Macroscopic findings showed that the LMS was adherent to a subserosal LM, without continuity between the tumor and the uterus.Our case supports the hypothesis that LMS can arise from a pre‐existing LM.
Hyperemesis gravidarum causing Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome: A rare complication
Authors: Mishra Vineet V. , Verneker Ruchika A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is a rare neurological disorder due to severe thiamine deficiency. It is most prevalent among alcoholics. However in nonalcoholics the prevalence varies from 0.04% to 0.13%. We report a case of WKS due to hyperemesis gravidarum. Primigravida patient with 16 weeks pregnancy with continuous vomiting for 1 month developed Wernicke's encephalopathy which progressed to Korsakoff psychosis. Patient was conservatively managed till term with appropriate thiamine replacement and antipsychotics. She developed oligohydramnios with late intrauterine growth retardation. Elective cesarean was done at 36 weeks. Female child with birth weight of 2.2 kg was born. Hyperemesis is a rare cause of WKS. This patient was inappropriately treated with dextrose and antiemetic without proper thiamine replacement. This case report highlights the importance of thiamine replacement and proper management of hyperemesis gravidarum with a scientific approach to prevent fatal complications like WKS.
The association between mucosal pain and subjective masticatory function in patients with partial removable dental prostheses
Authors: Fueki Kenji , Yoshida‐Kohno Eiko , Inamochi Yuka , Wakabayashi Noriyuki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundImprovement of masticatory function is critical in prosthetic treatment. Multiple factors are related to patients' perception of chewing ability in denture wearers. However, the associations between such factors and chewing ability have not yet been fully elucidated.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between mucosal pain and subjective masticatory function in patients with partial removable dental prostheses (PRDPs).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 333 consecutive patients with PRDPs (mean age 71.2 years, male 33.3%) who were recruited from the prosthetic clinic of a dental hospital in Japan. Patients' perception of chewing ability was evaluated using a food intake questionnaire consisting of 20 items, and chewing difficulty was rated by patients using an 11‐point numerical scale. Participants rated the pain intensity of the denture‐supporting mucosa and oral dryness while chewing. In addition, the bilateral maximal biting force (MBF) was recorded. A structural equation model was used to identify the factors associated with chewing ability and chewing difficulty.ResultsThe model indicated that mucosal pain, oral dryness, the number of occluding pairs, the denture type (interim/definitive PRDPs) and the MBF were significant independent predictors of chewing ability and chewing difficulty (P < 0.01).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that mucosal pain is a risk factor for impairment of subjective masticatory function in patients with PRDPs. It is clinically important to consider the denture design and to select denture base materials with regard to the prevention of mucosal pain.
Vitamin E D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-conjugated liposomal docetaxel reverses multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells
Authors: Li Na , Fu Tingting , Fei Wenling , Han Tianyan , Gu Xiangshuai , Hou Yanhui , Liu Yanhua , Yang Jianhong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a primary challenge in breast cancer treatment. In the present study, D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)-coated docetaxel-loaded liposomes were developed as a novel drug delivery system to reverse MDR and enhance breast cancer therapy compared with the traditional liposomes, DSPE-mPEG-coated liposomes (stealth liposomes) and commercial Taxotere®.

Key findings
Liposomes were prepared by thin – film dispersion method. Evaluations were performed using human breast cancer MCF-7 and resistant MCF-7/ADR cells. The reversal multidrug-resistant effect was assessed by P-gp inhibition assay, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and apoptosis assay.

Results
The TPGS-chol-liposomes were of an appropriate particle size (140.0 ± 6.0 nm), zeta potential (−0.196 ± 0.08 mv), high encapsulation efficiency (99.0 ± 0.9) and favourable in vitro sustained release. The TPGS-coated liposomes significantly improved cytotoxicity and increased the intracellular accumulation of docetaxel in both types of breast cancer cells. The TPGS-coated liposomes were confirmed to induce apoptosis via a synergistic effect between docetaxel and TPGS. It was demonstrated that TPGS enhanced the intracellular accumulation of drug by inhibiting overexpressed P-glycoprotein.

Conclusions
The TPGS-conjugated liposomes showed significant advantages in vitro compared with the PEG-conjugated liposomes. The TPGS-conjugated liposomes could reverse the MDR and enhance breast cancer therapy.
Redefining Language Death: Evidence From Moribund Grammars
Authors: Bousquette Joshua , Putnam Michael T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present work presents a critical assessment of claims in recent literature that moribund language varieties exhibit accelerated language decay, and that attrition in individual grammars has a causational relationship with language shift to the majority language. We show these claims to be unfounded. Based on two empirical points taken from moribund heritage varieties of German—complementizer agreement and the restructuring of the morphosyntactic properties of dative case—we provide evidence that (a) attrition in the form of simplification of the heritage grammar is often times minimal, especially when compared to the nonstandard input varieties (rather than to Standard German), and (b) that systematic restructuring of the grammar is a typological pattern in language contact settings. These empirical findings point toward the limited effects of attrition on particular domains of grammar systems across the lifespan.
Learners’ English Vocabulary Knowledge Prior to Formal Instruction: The Role of Learner‐Related and Word‐Related Variables
Authors: Puimège Eva , Peters Elke 
Published: June 2019

This study focused on the mechanisms underlying incidental second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition prior to formal instruction. We designed a cross‐sectional study to examine which learner‐related and word‐related variables affect young learners’ vocabulary knowledge at the level of meaning recognition and meaning recall. We collected data from 616 Flemish children between 10 and 12 years old by using a questionnaire about learners’ extramural English, an English vocabulary test, and a Dutch vocabulary test. The findings revealed that participating learners frequently engaged in activities involving English before receiving formal instruction and that their amount of extramural English increased with age. The results also showed the rate of vocabulary growth from exposure to extramural English for three contiguous age groups. Further, both word‐related and learner‐related variables predicted vocabulary knowledge. Cognateness was the most powerful predictor, followed by frequency and concreteness. We also found a positive relationship between extramural English and vocabulary knowledge.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible via the IRIS Repository at https://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
A global perspective for biodiversity history with ancient environmental DNA
Authors: Epp Laura S. 
Published: June 2019

The past centuries have seen tremendous turnovers in species distributions and biodiversity due to anthropogenic impacts on a global scale. The processes are ongoing and mostly not well documented. Long‐term records of biotic change can be recovered from sedimentary deposits, but traditional analyses were restricted to organisms that leave behind visible traces and molecular genetic tools were mostly employed on samples that promised good DNA preservation. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Shaw, Weyrich, Hallegraeff and Cooper (2019) and Gomez Cabrera et al. (2019) present two studies on marine sedimentary records from warm environments, in which they successfully analyze ancient environmental DNA (aeDNA) on a decadal and centennial scale. Notably, the studies were conducted on novel samples with nonoptimal preservation conditions for ancient DNA ‐ historical collections of ship ballast tank sediments from Australia and two coral reef cores spanning up to 750 years (Figure 1) ‐ but yielded a high diversity of taxa. This highlights that aeDNA is a promising tool to globally study biodiversity history on scales of decades to centuries ‐ the timeframe most relevant to human society in the context of both current climate change and direct anthropogenic modifications of the environment.