bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of TrkB- and TrkC-Signaling Pathways Affects Neurogenesis in the Opossum Developing Neocortex
Authors: Bartkowska K , Tepper B , Gawda A , Jarosik M , Sobolewska P , Turlejski K , Djavadian R L 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe have previously reported that the blockage of TrkB and TrkC signaling in primary culture of opossum neocortical cells affects neurogenesis that involves a range of processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Here, we studied whether TrkB and TrkC activity specifically affects various types of progenitor cell populations during neocortex formation in the Monodelphis opossum in vivo. We found that the inhibition of TrkB and TrkC activities affects the same proliferative cellular phenotype, but TrkC causes more pronounced changes in the rate of cell divisions. Additionally, inhibition of TrkB and TrkC does not affect apoptosis in vivo, which was found in cell culture experiments. The lack of TrkB and TrkC receptor activity caused the arrest of newly generated neurons; therefore, they could not penetrate the subplate zone. We suggest that at this time point in development, migration consists of 2 steps. During the initial step, neurons migrate and reach the base of the subplate, whereas during the next step the migration of neurons to their final position is regulated by TrkB or TrkC signaling.
Prey and predators perceive orb-web spider conspicuousness differently: evaluating alternative hypotheses for color polymorphism evolution
Authors: Ximenes Nathalia G , Gawryszewski Felipe M 
Published: September 2018

AbstractColor polymorphisms have been traditionally attributed to apostatic selection. The perception of color depends on the visual system of the observer. Theoretical models predict that differently perceived degrees of conspicuousness by two predator and prey species may cause the evolution of polymorphisms in the presence of anti-apostatic and apostatic selection. The spider Gasteracantha cancriformis (Araneidae) possesses several conspicuous color morphs. In orb-web spiders, the prey attraction hypothesis states that conspicuous colors are prey lures that increase spider foraging success via flower mimicry. Therefore, polymorphism could be maintained if each morph attracted a different prey species (multiple prey hypothesis) and each spider mimicked a different flower color (flower mimicry hypothesis). Conspicuous colors could be a warning signal to predators because of the spider’s hard abdomen and spines. Multiple predators could perceive morphs differently and exert different degrees of selective pressures (multiple predator hypothesis). We explored these 3 hypotheses using reflectance data and color vision modeling to estimate the chromatic and achromatic contrast of G. cancriformis morphs as perceived by several potential prey and predator taxa. Our results revealed that individual taxa perceive the conspicuousness of morphs differently. Therefore, the multiple prey hypothesis and, in part, the multiple predator hypothesis may explain the evolution of color polymorphism in G. cancriformis, even in the presence of anti-apostatic selection. The flower mimicry hypothesis received support by color metrics, but not by color vision models. Other parameters not evaluated by color vision models could also affect the perception of morphs and influence morph survival and polymorphism stability.
Metagenomic sequencing provides insights into microbial detoxification in the guts of small mammalian herbivores (Neotoma spp.)
Authors: Kohl Kevin D , Oakeson Kelly F , Orr Teri J , Miller Aaron W , Forbey Jennifer Sorensen , Phillips Caleb D , Dale Colin , Weiss Robert B , Dearing M Denise 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTMicrobial detoxification of plant toxins influences the use of plants as food sources by herbivores. Stephen's woodrats (Neotoma stephensi) specialize on juniper, which is defended by oxalate, phenolics and monoterpenes, while closely related N. albigula specialize on cactus, which only contains oxalate. Woodrats maintain two gut chambers harboring dense microbial communities: a foregut chamber proximal to the major site of toxin absorption, and a cecal chamber in their hindgut. We performed several experiments to investigate the location and nature of microbial detoxification in the woodrat gut. First, we measured toxin concentrations across gut chambers of N. stephensi. Compared to food material, oxalate concentrations were immediately lower in the foregut, while concentrations of terpenes remained high in the foregut, and were lowest in the cecal chamber. We conducted metagenomic sequencing of the foregut chambers of both woodrat species and cecal chambers of N. stephensi to compare microbial functions. We found that most genes associated with detoxification were more abundant in the cecal chambers of N. stephensi. However, some genes associated with degradation of oxalate and phenolic compounds were more abundant in the foregut chambers. Thus, microbial detoxification may take place in various chambers depending on the class of chemical compound.
Translating an Evidence-based Multicomponent Intervention for Older Adults With Dementia and Caregivers
Authors: Teri Linda , Logsdon Rebecca G , McCurry Susan M , Pike Kenneth C , McGough Ellen L 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Effective community-based programs to maintain health and well-being of adults with dementia are needed. This article describes the translation, implementation, and effectiveness of a multicomponent exercise plus behavioral/psychosocial intervention (Reducing Disability in Alzheimer’s Disease-NorthWest [RDAD-NW]) conducted by staff in regional Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs).

Research Design and Methods
Staggered multiple baseline design was used; 10 AAAs, 20 case managers, and 255 community-residing persons with dementia (PWDs), and family caregivers were enrolled. RDAD-NW was conducted in-home over 6 weeks with aerobic/endurance, strength, and balance/flexibility exercises, dementia education, training to increase pleasant events, and activator-behavior-consequence problem-solving approach. Outcomes included case manager treatment fidelity, and caregiver/PWD physical activity, restricted activity days, physical functioning, quality of life, and affect.

Results
RDAD-NW was successfully translated and implemented by AAA agency staff through their usual service provision mechanisms. Staff responded positively and delivered the program with a high degree of fidelity. Caregiver/PWD dyads also responded favorably engaging in both exercise and behavioral/psychosocial portions of the program. A total of 207 dyads (81%) completed the intervention and 140 (55%) completed the 13-month follow-up. PWD physical activity increased significantly pre- to posttreatment (p &lt; .001, ES = .54), and 13 months (p &lt; .01, ES = .21). Quality of life of PWD increased significantly pre- to posttreatment (p &lt; .001, ES = .29); caregiver depression improved pre- to posttreatment (p = .01, ES = −.18).

Discussion and Implications
RDAD-NW was successfully translated and implemented by AAA case managers and resulted in increased physical activity and improved behavioral and emotional outcomes of caregiver/PWDs. Results support continued dissemination and implementation of RDAD-NW.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01708304
Sequana coverage: detection and characterization of genomic variations using running median and mixture models
Authors: Desvillechabrol Dimitri , Bouchier Christiane , Kennedy Sean , Cokelaer Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
In addition to mapping quality information, the Genome coverage contains valuable biological information such as the presence of repetitive regions, deleted genes, or copy number variations (CNVs). It is essential to take into consideration atypical regions, trends (e.g., origin of replication), or known and unknown biases that influence coverage. It is also important that reported events have robust statistics (e.g. z-score) associated with their detections as well as precise location.

Results
We provide a stand-alone application, sequana_coverage, that reports genomic regions of interest (ROIs) that are significantly over- or underrepresented in high-throughput sequencing data. Significance is associated with the events as well as characteristics such as length of the regions. The algorithm first detrends the data using an efficient running median algorithm. It then estimates the distribution of the normalized genome coverage with a Gaussian mixture model. Finally, a z-score statistic is assigned to each base position and used to separate the central distribution from the ROIs (i.e., under- and overcovered regions). A double thresholds mechanism is used to cluster the genomic ROIs. HTML reports provide a summary with interactive visual representations of the genomic ROIs with standard plots and metrics. Genomic variations such as single-nucleotide variants or CNVs can be effectively identified at the same time.
CO observations toward the isolated mid-infrared bubble S44: External triggering of O-star formation by a cloud–cloud collision
Authors: Kohno Mikito , Tachihara Kengo , Fujita Shinji , Hattori Yusuke , Torii Kazufumi , Nishimura Atsushi , Hanaoka Misaki , Yoshiike Satoshi , Enokiya Rei , Hasegawa Keisuke , Ohama Akio , Sano Hidetoshi , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Fukui Yasuo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe have performed a multi-wavelength study of the mid-infrared bubble S44 to investigate the origin of isolated high-mass star(s) and the star-formation process around the bubble formed by the H ii region. We report on the results of new CO observations (12CO, 13CO J = 1–0, and 12CO J = 3–2) toward the isolated bubble S44 using the NANTEN2, Mopra, and ASTE radio telescopes. We found two velocity components at −84 km s−1 and −79 km s−1 in the direction of the bubble. These two clouds are likely to be physically associated with the bubble, because of the enhanced 12CO J = 3–2/1–0 intensity ratio from a ring-like structure affected by ultraviolet radiation from embedded high-mass star(s) and of the morphological correspondence between the 8 μm emission and the CO distribution. Assuming a single object, we estimate a spectral type of the embedded star inside the bubble to be O8.5–9 $({\sim}20\,M_{\odot})$ from the radio-continuum free–free emission. We hypothesize that the two clouds collided with each other 3 Myr ago, triggering the formation of the isolated high-mass star in S44, as also occurred in RCW 120 and RCW 79. We argue that this scenario can explain the origin of the isolated O-star inside the bubble.
Cultural Processes of Ethnoracial Disadvantage among Native American College Students
Authors: Cech Erin A , Smith Jessi L , Metz Anneke 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough indigenous populations have been subjected to some of the worst forms of institutionalized oppression in the United States, little social science research has sought to understand the day-to-day ethnoracial biases that contemporary Native American populations face. Seeking to expand this knowledge, we present a theoretical framework of the cultural processes of ethnoracial disadvantage experienced by Native American students in predominantly white colleges. Drawing on 65 in-depth interviews with 50 Native students, we identify four cultural processes of disadvantage: derogatory stereotyping, exoticized othering, delegitimation, and assimilation pressures related to cultural hegemony. Intertwined with these processes is the cultural permissibility of ignorance, a willful dearth of knowledge—and lack of accountability for knowledge—about indigenous peoples, traditions, and histories of oppression which enable these biases and exclusions. Students tend to respond to these cultural processes of disadvantage in three ways: educating others, working to disprove stereotypes, and spanning two worlds. We end by discussing how these results help advance theoretical understanding of ethnoracial bias toward indigenous populations and cultural processes of ethnoracial inequality in the United States more broadly.
Evolutionary potential varies across populations and traits in the neotropical oak Quercus oleoides
Authors: Ramírez-Valiente José A , Etterson Julie R , Deacon Nicholas J , Cavender-Bares Jeannine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHeritable variation in polygenic (quantitative) traits is critical for adaptive evolution and is especially important in this era of rapid climate change. In this study, we examined the levels of quantitative genetic variation of populations of the tropical tree Quercus oleoides Cham. and Schlect. for a suite of traits related to resource use and drought resistance. We tested whether quantitative genetic variation differed across traits, populations and watering treatments. We also tested potential evolutionary factors that might have shaped such a pattern: selection by climate and genetic drift. We measured 15 functional traits on 1322 1-year-old seedlings of 84 maternal half-sib families originating from five populations growing under two watering treatments in a greenhouse. We estimated the additive genetic variance, coefficient of additive genetic variation and narrow-sense heritability for each combination of traits, populations and treatments. In addition, we genotyped a total of 119 individuals (with at least 20 individuals per population) using nuclear microsatellites to estimate genetic diversity and population genetic structure. Our results showed that gas exchange traits and growth exhibited strikingly high quantitative genetic variation compared with traits related to leaf morphology, anatomy and photochemistry. Quantitative genetic variation differed between populations even at geographical scales as small as a few kilometers. Climate was associated with quantitative genetic variation, but only weakly. Genetic structure and diversity in neutral markers did not relate to coefficient of additive genetic variation. Our study demonstrates that quantitative genetic variation is not homogeneous across traits and populations of Q. oleoides. More importantly, our findings suggest that predictions about potential responses of species to climate change need to consider population-specific evolutionary characteristics.
Pretibial Lymphoplasmacytic Plaque in Children: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bierbrier Rachel M. , Amdemichael Esiahas , Adam David N. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract:
An 8-year-old girl presented with a persistent 5 × 2-cm violaceous doughy plaque on the left lower leg. Histologic examination revealed hyperkeratosis, variable but mild epidermal hyperplasia, and vacuolar interface changes with melanin pigment incontinence confined to the papillary dermis. A diagnosis of pretibial lymphoplasmacytic plaque in children was made. This report outlines the clinical characteristics of this entity and a review of other cases reported in the literature.
The ALCCaS Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Quality of Life Following Laparoscopic Versus Open Colectomy for Colon Cancer
Authors: McCombie Andrew M. , Frizelle Frank , Bagshaw Philip Frederick , Frampton Chris M. , Hewett Peter J. , McMurrick Paul John , Rieger Nicholas , Solomon Michael J. , Stevenson Andrew R. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
This study reports the quality-of-life assessment of the ALCCaS trial. The ALCCaS trial compared laparoscopic and open resection for colon cancer. It reported equivalence of survival at 5 years. Quality of life was measured as a secondary outcome.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to report on the quality of life data of the ALCCaS Trial.

DESIGN:
This study reports a randomized controlled trial comparing laparoscopic with open colonic resection.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted in Australasia.

PATIENTS:
Patients with a single adenocarcinoma of the right, left, or sigmoid colon, presenting for elective treatment, were eligible for randomization.

INTERVENTIONS:
Open and laparoscopic colonic resections were performed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Patient symptoms and quality of life were measured using the Symptoms Distress Scale, the Quality of Life Index, and the Global Quality of Life Score preoperatively, and at 2 days, 2 weeks, and 2 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:
Of the 592 patients enrolled in ALCCaS, 425 completed at least 1 quality-of-life measure at 4 time points (71.8% of cohort). Those who received the laparoscopic intervention had better quality of life postoperatively in terms of the Symptoms Distress Scale (p < 0.01), Quality of Life Index (p < 0.01), and Global Quality of Life (p < 0.01). In intention-to-treat analyses, those assigned to laparoscopic surgery had a better quality of life postoperatively in terms of the Symptoms Distress Scale (p < 0.01) and Quality of Life Index (p < 0.01), whereas Global Quality of Life was not significant (p = 0.056). The subscales better for laparoscopic resection at all 3 postoperative time points were appetite, insomnia, pain, fatigue, bowel, daily living, and health (p < 0.05).

LIMITATIONS:
The primary limitation was the different response rates for the 3 quality-of-life measures.

CONCLUSIONS:
There was a short-term gain in quality of life maintained at 2 months postsurgery for those who received laparoscopic relative to open colonic resection. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A691.
Extended Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Elective Surgery for IBD Patients: Nomogram-Based Risk Assessment and Prediction from Nationwide Cohort
Authors: Benlice Cigdem , Holubar Stefan D. , Gorgun Emre , Stocchi Luca , Lipman Jeremy M. , Kalady Matthew F. , Champagne Bradley J. , Steele Scott R. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
Identification of risk factors for postoperative venous thromboembolism is an important step to reduce the morbidity associated with this potentially preventable complication after elective surgery for patients with IBD.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to determine the risk factors for 30-day venous thromboembolism after abdominal surgery for patients with venous thromboembolism, identify potential indications for extended thromboprophylaxis, and develop a nomogram for prediction of risk.

DESIGN:
This is a retrospective cohort study from a prospectively collected database.

SETTING:
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant User File from 2005 to 2016 was used for data analysis.

PATIENTS:
All patients with IBD undergoing elective abdominopelvic bowel surgery were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcomes were the incidence of in-hospital and postdischarge venous thromboembolism within 30 days of the index abdominopelvic surgery.

RESULTS:
A total of 24,182 patients met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-day total and postdischarge rates of venous thromboembolism were 2.5% (n = 614) and 1% (n =252). Forty-one percent (252/614) of venous thromboembolism events occurred after hospital discharge. Univariate analysis assessed 37 variables for association with study outcomes. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age, steroid use, bleeding disorders, open surgery, hypertension, longer operative time, and preoperative hospitalization were associated with venous thromboembolism before discharge and also postoperative transfusion, steroid use, pelvic and enterocutaneous fistula surgery, and longer operative time were associated with venous thromboembolism after discharge. A nomogram was constructed for each outcome, translating multivariate model parameter estimates into a visual scoring system where the estimated probability of venous thromboembolism can be calculated.

LIMITATIONS:
This study was limited by its retrospective nature and the limitations inherent to a database.

CONCLUSION:
Given the higher risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with IBD after elective abdominopelvic surgery compared with other indications, an accurate prediction of venous thromboembolism before and after discharge using the proposed nomogram can facilitate decision making for individualized extended thromboprophylaxis in the preoperative setting as a screening tool. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A711.
Consolidation mFOLFOX6 Chemotherapy After Chemoradiotherapy Improves Survival in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Final Results of a Multicenter Phase II Trial
Authors: Marco Michael R. , Zhou Lihong , Patil Sujata , Marcet Jorge E. , Varma Madhulika G. , Oommen Samuel , Cataldo Peter A. , Hunt Steven R. , Kumar Anjali , Herzig Daniel O. , Fichera Alessandro , Polite Blase N. , Hyman Neil H. , Ternent Charles A. , Stamos Michael J. , Pigazzi Alessio , Dietz David , Yakunina Yuliya , Pelossof Raphael , Garcia-Aguilar Julio 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
Adding modified FOLFOX6 (folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) after chemoradiotherapy and lengthening the chemoradiotherapy-to-surgery interval is associated with an increase in the proportion of rectal cancer patients with a pathological complete response.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to analyze disease-free and overall survival.

DESIGN:
This was a nonrandomized phase II trial.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted at multiple institutions.

PATIENTS:
Four sequential study groups with stage II or III rectal cancer were included.

INTERVENTION:
All of the patients received 50 Gy of radiation with concurrent continuous infusion of fluorouracil for 5 weeks. Patients in each group received 0, 2, 4, or 6 cycles of modified FOLFOX6 after chemoradiation and before total mesorectal excision. Patients were recommended to receive adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery to complete a total of 8 cycles of modified FOLFOX6.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The trial was powered to detect differences in pathological complete response, which was reported previously. Disease-free and overall survival are the main outcomes for the current study.

RESULTS:
Of 259 patients, 211 had a complete follow-up. Median follow-up was 59 months (range, 9–125 mo). The mean number of total chemotherapy cycles differed among the 4 groups (p = 0.002), because one third of patients in the group assigned to no preoperative FOLFOX did not receive any adjuvant chemotherapy. Disease-free survival was significantly associated with study group, ypTNM stage, and pathological complete response (p = 0.004, <0.001, and 0.001). A secondary analysis including only patients who received ≥1 cycle of FOLFOX still showed differences in survival between study groups (p = 0.03).

LIMITATIONS:
The trial was not randomized and was not powered to show differences in survival. Survival data were not available for 19% of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
Adding modified FOLFOX6 after chemoradiotherapy and before total mesorectal excision increases compliance with systemic chemotherapy and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant consolidation chemotherapy may have benefits beyond increasing pathological complete response rates. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A739.