bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of age, body mass index and comorbidity on major outcomes in acute pancreatitis, a prospective nation‐wide multicentre study
Authors: Moran Robert A , García-Rayado Guillermo , de la Iglesia-García Daniel , Martínez-Moneo Emma , Fort-Martorell Esther , Lauret-Braña Eugenia , Concepción-Martín Mar , Ausania Fabio , Prieto-Martínez Carlos , González-de-Cabo Miguel , Quesada-Vázquez Noé , Marcaide-Ruiz-de-Apodaca M Asunción , Pajares-Díaz José A , Díaz Francia C , de Benito José L , Hinojosa-Guadix Jennifer , Marqués-García Pilar , Boadas Jaume , Bajador-Andreu Eduardo , Moreno Oswaldo , Argüelles-Arias Federico , Martín-Benítez Gregorio , Tafur-Sánchez Carla , Leal-Téllez Jesús , Romero-Mosquera Beatriz , Hernaez Ruben , Papachristou Georgios I , Singh Vikesh K , de Madaria Enrique 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThere are few large prospective cohort studies evaluating predictors of outcomes in acute pancreatitis.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the role of age and co‐morbid disease in predicting major outcomes in acute pancreatitis.MethodsData points were collected according to a predefined electronic data collection form. Acute pancreatitis and its complications were defined according to the revised Atlanta classification. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazard regression and multiple logistic regression.ResultsFrom June 2013–February 2015, 1655 adult patients were recruited from 23 centres across Spain. Co‐morbid disease, obesity, open surgical necrosectomy within 30 days, and pancreatic necrosis were independently associated with both 30‐day mortality and persistent organ failure (p < 0.05 for all). Age was not associated with persistent organ failure, however the extreme of age (>85 years) was associated with mortality (p < 0.05). Co‐morbid disease and obesity were not independently associated with a prolonged length of stay or other markers of morbidity on adjusted analysis (p > 0.05).ConclusionComorbidity and obesity are important determinates of mortality and persistent organ failure in acute pancreatitis, but in the absence of organ failure they do not appear to independently contribute to morbidity. This has important implications for severity classification and predictive models of severity in acute pancreatitis.
Progression of Emergency Medicine Resident Patient Experience Scores by Level of Training
Authors: Walker Laura E , Colletti James E , Bellolio M Fernanda , Nestler David M 
Published: September 2018

Background: Patient satisfaction surveys are vital to measuring a patient’s experience of care. How scores of patients managed by emergency medicine (EM) residents change as residents progress through training is not known. Objectives: To evaluate whether EM residents’ patient satisfaction scores improve as residency training progresses, similar to clinical skill improvement. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the correlation of patient satisfaction scores with EM resident year of training from 2015 through 2017. We evaluated for a change in score over time for the 4 “physician questions” and the “overall” score. Results: We evaluated 1684 Press Ganey surveys linked to 40 EM resident physicians during the study period. The mean top box scores for the 4 physician questions (concern for comfort [ P = .72], courtesy [ P = .55], informative about treatment [ P = .46], and listening [ P = .91]) and overall assessment of emergency department care ( P = .51) were not significantly improved over the course of resident. Conclusion: We did not observe a difference in EM residents’ patient experience scores as their level of training progressed. Comprehensive patient experience training for residents might be needed.
Learning receptive awareness via neurofeedback in stressed healthcare providers: a prospective pilot investigation
Authors: Dunham C. Michael , Burger Amanda L. , Hileman Barbara M. , Chance Elisha A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Objective
Because physicians and nurses are commonly stressed, Bispectral Index™ (BIS) neurofeedback, following trainer instructions, was used to learn to lower the electroencephalography-derived BIS value, indicating that a state of receptive awareness (relaxed alertness) had been achieved.

Results
Ten physicians/nurses participated in 21 learning days with 9 undergoing ≤ 3 days. The BIS-nadir for the 21 days was decreased (88.7) compared to baseline (97.0; p < 0.01). From 21 wellbeing surveys, moderately-to-extremely rated stress responses were a feeling of irritation 38.1%; nervousness 14.3%; over-reacting 28.6%; tension 66.7%; being overwhelmed 38.1%; being drained 38.1%; and people being too demanding 52.4% (57.1% had ≥ 2 stress indicators). Quite a bit-to-extremely rated positive-affect responses were restful sleep 28.6%; energetic 0%; and alert 47.6% (90.5% had ≥ 2 positive-affect responses rated as slightly-to-moderately). For 1 subject who underwent 4 learning days, mean BIS was lower on day 4 (95.1) than on day 1 (96.8; p < 0.01). The wellbeing score increased 23.3% on day 4 (37) compared to day 1 (30). Changes in BIS values provide evidence that brainwave self-regulation can be learned and may manifest with wellbeing. These findings suggest that stress and impairments in positive-affect are common in physicians/nurses.
Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03152331. Registered May 15, 2017
Antimicrobial engineered nanoparticles in the built cultural heritage context and their ecotoxicological impact on animals and plants: a brief review
Authors: Reyes-Estebanez Manuela , Ortega-Morales Benjamín Otto , Chan-Bacab Manuel , Granados-Echegoyen Carlos , Camacho-Chab Juan Carlos , Pereañez-Sacarias Juan Enrique , Gaylarde Christine 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) of metal oxides, sometimes referred to as engineered nanoparticles have been used to protect building surfaces against biofilm formation for many years, but their history in the Cultural Heritage world is rather short. Their first reported use was in 2010. Thereafter, a wealth of reports can be found in the literature, with Ti, Ag and Zn oxides being the major protagonists. As with all surface treatments, NPs can be leached into the surrounding environment, leading to potential ecotoxicity in soil and water and associated biota. Dissolution into metal ions is usually stated to be the main mode of toxic action and the toxic effects, when determined in the marine environment, decrease in the order Au > Zn > Ag > Cu > Ti > C60, but direct action of NPs cannot be ruled out. Although ecotoxicity has been assessed by a variety of techniques, it is important that a suitable standard test be developed and the European Unions’s Biocidal Product Registration group is working on this, as well as a standard test for antimicrobial efficacy to determine their impact on ecological processes of surrounding non-target organisms and their transformation products under realistic scenarios.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Adult Patients With Cancer-Related Immunosuppression: ASCO and IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Taplitz Randy A. , Kennedy Erin B. , Bow Eric J. , Crews Jennie , Gleason Charise , Hawley Douglas K. , Langston Amelia A. , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Rajotte Michelle , Rolston Kenneth V. , Strasfeld Lynne , Flowers Christopher R. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose To provide an updated joint ASCO/Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guideline on antimicrobial prophylaxis for adult patients with immunosuppression associated with cancer and its treatment. Methods ASCO and IDSA convened an update Expert Panel and conducted a systematic review of relevant studies from May 2011 to November 2016. The guideline recommendations were based on the review of evidence by the Expert Panel. Results Six new or updated meta-analyses and six new primary studies were added to the updated systematic review. Recommendations Antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis is recommended for patients who are at high risk of infection, including patients who are expected to have profound, protracted neutropenia, which is defined as < 100 neutrophils/µL for > 7 days or other risk factors. Herpes simplex virus–seropositive patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation or leukemia induction therapy should receive nucleoside analog-based antiviral prophylaxis, such as acyclovir. Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis is recommended for patients receiving chemotherapy regimens that are associated with a > 3.5% risk for pneumonia as a result of this organism (eg, those with ≥ 20 mg prednisone equivalents daily for ≥ 1 month or on the basis of purine analog usage). Treatment with a nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor (eg, entecavir or tenofovir) is recommended for patients at high risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation. Recommendations for vaccination and avoidance of prolonged contact with environments that have high concentrations of airborne fungal spores are also provided within the updated guideline. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines .
The health of the residents of Ireland: Population norms for Ireland based on the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system – a cross sectional study
Authors: Hobbins Anna , Barry Luke , Kelleher Dan , O'Neill Ciaran 
Published: September 2018

Background: The EQ-5D descriptive system has become a widely used generic instrument to measure population health. In this study we use the EQ-5D-5L system to describe the health of residents in Ireland in 2015/16 and examine relationships between health and a range of socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: A representative sample of residents in Ireland was established in a two-stage random sampling exercise in 2015/16. Self-reported health, together with a range of socio-demographic characteristics, were collected using a computer-assisted-personal-interview survey. Self-reported health was captured using the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system including a visual analogue scale. Data were presented as descriptive statistics and analysed using a general linear regression model and ordered logistic regression models in the case of specific health domains. Socio-economic gradients in health were also examined using concentration curves and indices. Results: A usable sample of 1,131 individuals provided responses to all questions in the survey. The population in general reported good health across the five domains with roughly 78%, 94%, 81%, 60% and 78% reporting no problems with mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression respectively. Differences in health with respect to age, and socio-economic status were evident; those who were older, less well-educated of lower income and without private health insurance reported poorer health. Differences in health between groups differentiated by socio-economic status varied across domains of health, and were dependent on the measure of socio-economic status used. Conclusion: Residents of Ireland appear to rate their health as relatively good across the various domains captured by the EQ-5D-5L system. A pro-affluent gradient in self-reported health is evident though the sharpness of that gradient varies between domains of health and the measures of socio-economic status used. The study provides baseline data against which the health of the population can be measured in the future as demography and economic conditions change.
Hepatoprotective activity of Tamarindus indica Linn stem bark ethanolic extract against hepatic damage induced by co-administration of antitubercular drugs isoniazid and rifampicin in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Meena Shaikh Zohra , Rahman Md. Azizur , Bagga Paramdeep , Mujahid Md. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Development of drug-induced hepatic damage (DIHD) during chemotherapy is the most common reason for interruption in chemotherapy. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Tamarindus indica stem bark (EETI) against the induced DIHD in Sprague Dawley rats.

Methods
The rats were divided into five groups (n=5). Group I, group III, group IV, and group V rats received 1 mL 1% carboxymethyl cellulose, EETI 100 mg/kg body weight (b.wt), EETI 200 mg/kg b.wt, and silymarin 100 mg/kg b.wt, respectively, orally once every day for 28 days. After 1 h–group II, group III, group IV, and group V rats were administered with isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) 50 mg/kg b.wt each orally once every day for 28 days. Then, 24 h after the last dosing, blood was withdrawn from the rats and analyzed for liver specific enzymes and biochemical markers. They were examined for histopathology.

Results
Co-administration of INH and RIF in group II significantly increased alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum bilirubin, and cholesterol levels while reduced the total protein and albumin levels compared to that of group I. EETI in group III and group IV rats significantly restored the liver specific enzymes and biochemical markers altered due to co-administration of INH and RIF to normal in a dose-dependent manner. EETI 200 mg/kg b.wt showed better protection to liver than EETI 100 mg/kg b.wt and was comparable to silymarin 100 mg/kg b.wt. It was well supported with histopathology of liver tissues.

Conclusions
EETI possesses hepatoprotective activity against DIHD in rats. It may have a substantial impact on developing clinical strategies to treat patients with hepatic damage.
Emergency peripartal hysterectomy – a single-center analysis of the last 13 years at a tertiary perinatal care unit
Authors: de Gregorio Amelie , Friedl Thomas W.P. , Scholz Christoph , Janni Wolfgang , Ebner Florian , de Gregorio Nikolaus 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Peripartal hysterectomy (PH) is a challenging surgical procedure with elevated maternal morbidity.

Methods
From 2004 to 2016, 41 emergency PHs were performed at the tertiary care center of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at University Hospital Ulm. In our retrospective analysis, the incidence of PH in our hospital was 12.8 per 10,000 deliveries with a maternal mortality of 2.4%. PH followed in 80.5% after cesarean section (c-section). Underlying causes/indications for PH were abnormal placentation (53.7%; n=22), uterine atony (26.8%; n=11), uterine lacerations (14.6%; n=6) and in rare cases uterine infection (4.9%; n=2). The median number of transfused products was 11 packed red blood cells (range 0–55 products), 10 fresh frozen plasma units (range 1–43) and two platelet concentrates (0–16).

Results
Loss of blood as estimated by surgeons was significantly correlated with actual transfused blood volume (P<0.001). Clinically relevant intra- and/or postoperative complications occurred in 53.7% of patients (n=22). Abnormal placentation was the leading cause for PH with an increased incidence during the last 10 years presumptively representing the elevated rate of c-sections.

Conclusion
PH goes along with increased rates of blood product transfusions independently of indication for surgery and has a high morbidity with a major complication rate of more than 50%. Prepartal assessment of risk factors like abnormal invasive placenta are crucial for reducing maternal morbidity.
Assessing crop performance in maize field trials using a vegetation index
Authors: Federolf Carl-Philipp , Westerschulte Matthias , Olfs Hans-Werner , Broll Gabriele , Trautz Dieter 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
New agronomic systems need scientific proof before being adapted by farmers. To increase the informative value of field trials, expensive samplings throughout the cropping season are required. In a series of trials where different application techniques and rates of liquid manure in maize were tested, a handheld sensor metering the red edge inflection point (REIP) was compared to conventional biomass sampling at different growth stages and in different environments. In a repeatedly measured trial during the 2014, 2015, and 2016 growing seasons, the coefficients of determination between REIP and biomass / nitrogen uptake (Nupt) ascended from 4 leaves stage to 8 leaves stage, followed by a decent towards tasseling. In a series of trials in 2014, and 2015, the mean coefficients of determination at 8 leaves stage were 0.65, and 0.67 for biomass and Nupt, respectively. The predictability of biomass or Nupt by REIP however, is limited to similar conditions (e.g. variety). In this study, REIP values of e.g. ~721, represent Nupt values from ~8 kg ha-1 to ~38 kg ha-1. Consequently, the handheld sensor derived REIP used in this series of experiments can show growth differences between treatments, but referential samples are necessary to assess growth parameters.
Badiou and Frege: A Continental Critique of Logical Form
Authors: Spencer Joseph M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Various critiques of important (early) analytic thinkers made by Alain Badiou in the late 1960s have been largely overlooked by continental philosophers and entirely overlooked by analytic philosophers. This paper looks in detail at Badiou’s 1969 essay ‟Mark and Lack,” providing an exposition and clarification of his direct and sustained critique of Gottlob Frege’s supposed ideological (rather than scientific) philosophical commitments. Badiou’s intellectual context is analyzed in some detail, not only explaining his theoretical debt to his then-master Louis Althusser, but also clarifying his understandings of the notions of ‟the scientific” and ‟the ideological” in light of the projects of Gaston Bachelard and Georges Canguilhem. A philosophical exposition of Badiou’s point-by-point critique of Frege’s conception of logic follows. Finally, the paper concludes with an analysis of the more general relevance of Badiou’s half-century-old critiques in light of developments in contemporary analytic metaphysics, especially those indebted to W. V. O. Quine and Donald Davidson. In essence, Davidson’s Fregean reconfiguration of Tarski’s work on truth (more explicit than, but not unrelated to, Quine’s work) places contemporary analytic metaphysics within the scope of what Badiou directly criticizes. It is suggested that Badiou’s critique find a place in discussions of analytic metaphysics.
What Counts as a ‘Religious Experience?’: Phenomenology, Spirituality, and the Question of Religion
Authors: DeRoo Neal 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper: a) offers a phenomenology of the religious that challenges the assumption that “religious experience” is primarily to be understood as a type of experience, called ‘religious’ experience, which is distinct from other (i.e., ‘non-religious’) experiences; and b) traces out some implications of this for phenomenological and other scholarly approaches to religion. To achieve these aims, the paper begins by explaining the phenomenological claim-found most explicitly in Husserl and Merleau- Ponty-that all experiences are expressive of a certain kind of spirit. This account of spirit, when applied to the phenomenological understanding of the ‘religious,’ allows us to distinguish between religiosity (as a transcendental structure), religions (as dynamic forces that express that structure), and religious phenomena (as concrete phenomena that express religions). In turn, this tri-partite distinction allows us to explain how religiosity leads to the development of religion in a way that suggests that ‘the religious’ is best conceived as a particular dimension of all experience. In that light, two major implications for the study of religion emerge from the phenomenology of the religious provided in this paper: 1) the realm of possible subjects of study is greatly expanded; while 2) the proper object of study is narrowed and clarified
Study of the rheology and foaming processes of poly(vinyl chloride) plastisols with different foaming agents
Authors: Ji Yubi , Luo Heng , Shi Min , Yang Zhao , Gong Wei , Tan Hong 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastisols are widely used in the production of flexible PVC foams. In this study, we investigated the evolution of the complex viscosity of PVC plastisol by dynamic oscillatory tests, the storage modulus of the PVC compound by dynamic mechanical analysis, and the thermal behavior including the decomposition of three chemical blowing agents (CBAs), namely, azodicarbonamide, 4,4′-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide), and sodium bicarbonate, by differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the morphology and quality of the foams obtained from the corresponding plastisols were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the onset decomposition temperature T2(5%) of a CBA in plastisol is the most critical indicator of the foam quality. The temperature difference corresponding to [T2(5%) – Tηmax] was also proved to be another important parameter. When T2(5%) is within the optimum temperature range of a PVC plastisol, the bigger the [T2(5%) – Tηmax] difference, the better the quality of the foams.
Understanding the role of dopamine in conditioned and unconditioned fear
Authors: Brandão Marcus L. , Coimbra Norberto C. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Pharmacological and molecular imaging studies in anxiety disorders have primarily focused on the serotonin system. In the meantime, dopamine has been known as the neurotransmitter of reward for 60 years, particularly for its action in the nervous terminals of the mesocorticolimbic system. Interest in the mediation by dopamine of the well-known brain aversion system has grown recently, particularly given recent evidence obtained on the role of D2 dopamine receptors in unconditioned fear. However, it has been established that excitation of the mesocorticolimbic pathway, originating from dopaminergic (DA) neurons from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), is relevant for the development of anxiety. Among the forebrain regions innervated by this pathway, the amygdala is an essential component of the neural circuitry of conditioned fear. Current findings indicate that the dopamine D2 receptor-signaling pathway connecting the VTA to the basolateral amygdala modulates fear and anxiety, whereas neural circuits in the midbrain tectum underlie the expression of innate fear. The A13 nucleus of the zona incerta is proposed as the origin of these DA neurons projecting to caudal structures of the brain aversion system. In this article we review data obtained in studies showing that DA receptor-mediated mechanisms on ascending or descending DA pathways play opposing roles in fear/anxiety processes. Dopamine appears to mediate conditioned fear by acting at rostral levels of the brain and regulate unconditioned fear at the midbrain level.
On avoiding negative electron density in Gram-Charlier refinements of anharmonic motion: the example of glutathione
Authors: Hübschle Christian B. , Ruhmlieb Charlotte , Burkhardt Anja , van Smaalen Sander , Dittrich Birger 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The structure of glutathione, γ-l-Glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine (C10H17N3O6S), was studied by multi-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Residual density maps from conventional independent atom model refinement gave indication of anharmonic motion in the molecule. This was further investigated by invariom refinement with anisotropic displacement parameters for all atoms, which described asphericity due to chemical bonding and lone pairs; afterwards only the residual-density signal of anharmonic motion remained. Treating anharmonicity with third-order Gram-Charlier displacement parameters led to regions with unphysical negative electron density. In contrast, a maximum entropy method (MEM) determination of the electron density successfully takes the features into account. Respective difference electron density plots (MEM minus prior and [Invariom+GC] minus invariom) agree well with each other. Challenges in treating and understanding the phenomenon are discussed. A procedure is proposed how unphysical negative electron density can be avoided. It is closely related to the free lunch algorithm.