bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The frailty syndrome and outcomes in the TOPCAT trial
Authors: Sanders Natalie A. , Supiano Mark A. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Liu Jiankang , Claggett Brian , Pfeffer Marc A. , Desai Akshay S. , Sweitzer Nancy K. , Solomon Scott D. , Fang James C. 
Published: September 2018

AimsThe impact of frailty on outcomes in randomized heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) trials has not been previously reported. This analysis sought to characterize frailty in a large contemporary HFpEF clinical trial cohort and to evaluate its impact on patient relevant outcomes.Methods and resultsUsing data from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial, a frailty index (FI) was constructed at baseline using 39 clinical, laboratory, and self‐reported variables. The relationship between frailty and outcomes and the role of frailty in modulating the benefits of spironolactone were examined in a subset of 1767 TOPCAT patients. For the cohort as a whole (mean age 71.5 years, 49% female), the mean FI at baseline was 0.37 ± 0.11. Four frailty classes were defined ranging from FI < 0.3 to FI ≥ 0.5. Overall, 94% of subjects were considered frail (defined as a FI > 0.21). Mean age was lowest for the most frail class (69 ± 9 years for Class 4; 73 ± 10 years for Class 1; P < 0.001). Body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure all increased as FI increased. Both primary and secondary outcomes increased as frailty severity increased. There was no interaction between frailty class and treatment effect of spironolactone.ConclusionsFrailty was very common in TOPCAT HFpEF participants. Greater frailty was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. The benefit of spironolactone on outcomes in TOPCAT was not attenuated by frailty class.
Early 2D/3D ultrasound diagnosis of pleural effusion in fetuses with Turner syndrome
Authors: Kosinski Przemyslaw , Ismail Mahmoud , Abramowicz Jacques S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMost guidelines on ultrasound examinations during pregnancy do not recommend routine early pregnancy scan in uncomplicated and asymptomatic pregnancies (ie, before 10 weeks based on last menstrual period). There is, however, a growing patient's expectation to have an early scan to confirm dating and verify the pregnancy is intrauterine and viable. We present three well‐documented cases of patients who had an early (7‐8 weeks) dating transvaginal scan revealing pleural effusion in the embryo. In all cases cytogenetic analysis confirmed monosomy for the X chromosome, consistent with a clinical diagnosis of Turner syndrome.
High vibrational overtone excitation‐induced conformational isomerization of glycolic acid in solid argon matrix
Authors: Ahokas Jussi M.E. , Kosendiak Iwona , Krupa Justyna , Wierzejewska Maria , Lundell Jan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe high overtone‐induced isomerization of glycolic acid in a low‐temperature argon matrix was investigated using Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of glycolic acid is presented, and the spectral assignment is supported by vibrational anharmonic calculations. The high overtone excitation of the lowest energy conformer (SSC) at 532 nm induced direct conformational isomerization to higher energy conformers (GAC and AAT). Furthermore, upon excitation at 532 nm GAC and AAT isomerized back to SSC and photo‐induced equilibrium was observed between the conformers. Kinetic model was used to describe the observed isomerization and isomerization rate constants were obtained. No experimental evidence of isomerization between GAC and AAT nor other higher energy conformers were observed.
Self‐congruity and motivations as antecedents of destination perceived value: The moderating effect of previous experience
Authors: Frías‐Jamilena Dolores M. , Castañeda‐García Jose A. , Del Barrio‐García Salvador 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe present research proposes and validates a model in which tourist motivations and self‐congruity with the destination are considered antecedents of the perceived value of that destination and in which the tourist's previous experience of the destination exerts an important moderating effect. This model is estimated using partial least squares path modelling, based on a sample of 503 British tourists visiting Spain. The findings show that a high level of self‐congruity between the tourist and the destination contributes significantly to destination perceived value; tourist motivations contribute significantly to destination value creation; and tourist previous experience is a major moderator of destination value formation.
Sharp force trauma to a 1,000‐year‐old skull from the Jerusalem mountains
Authors: Nagar Yossi , Cohen Haim , Zissu Boaz 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWell‐preserved human skull, two upper vertebral bodies, and bones of the right hand were found in a remote cave in the Jerusalem mountains. The individual was identified as an adult male, 30–40 years old, who was C‐14 dated to the 11th century. It was attributed to the local, Bedouin population. The skull manifested four sharp force trauma lesions, resulted from interpersonal violence in different occasions: Two represent past events, one is peri‐mortem, and one is the direct cause of death. The current manuscript describes the pathologies and discusses possible interpretations, which combine physical anthropology with archaeology, history, and ethnography altogether.
Construction of nanostructures in aqueous solution from amphiphilic glucose‐derived polycarbonates
Authors: Osumi Shota , Felder Simcha E. , Wang Hai , Lin Yen‐Nan , Dong Mei , Wooley Karen L. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTCarbohydrates are the fundamental building blocks of many natural polymers, their wide bioavailability, high chemical functionality, and stereochemical diversity make them attractive starting materials for the development of new synthetic polymers. In this work, one such carbohydrate, d‐glucopyranoside, was utilized to produce a hydrophobic five‐membered cyclic carbonate monomer to afford sugar‐based amphiphilic copolymers and block copolymers via organocatalyzed ring‐opening polymerizations with 4‐methylbenzyl alcohol and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) as initiator and macroinitiator, respectively. To modulate the amphiphilicities of these polymers acidic benzylidene cleavage reactions were performed to deprotect the sugar repeat units and present hydrophilic hydroxyl side chain groups. Assembly of the polymers under aqueous conditions revealed interesting morphological differences, based on the polymer molar mass and repeat unit composition. The initial polymers, prior to the removal of the benzylidenes, underwent a morphological change from micelles to vesicles as the sugar block length was increased, causing a decrease in the hydrophilic–hydrophobic ratio. Deprotection of the sugar block increased the hydrophilicity and gave micellar morphologies. This tunable polymeric platform holds promise for the production of advanced materials for implementation in a diverse range of applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 432–440
Accessible and Cost‐Effective Method of PDMS Microdevices Fabrication Using a Reusable Photopolymer Mold
Authors: Bourguignon Natalia , Olmos Carol M. , Sierra‐Rodero Marina , Peñaherrera Ana , Rosero Gustavo , Pineda Pedro , Vizuete Karla , Arroyo Carlos R. , Cumbal Luis , Lasorsa Carlos , Perez Maximiliano S. , Lerner Betiana 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThis work describes a novel and cost‐effective method of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchips fabrication by using a printing plate photopolymer called Flexcel as a master mold (Fmold). This method has demonstrated the ability to generate multiple devices from a single master, reaching a minimum channel size of 25 μm, structures height ranging from 53 to 1500 μm and achieving dimensions of 1270 × 2062 mm2, which are larger than those obtained by the known techniques to date. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and profilometry techniques have been employed to characterize the Fmold and PDMS replicas. The results showed high replication fidelity of Fmold to the PDMS replica. Furthermore, it was proved the reusability of the Fmold. In our study, up to 50 PDMS replicas have been fabricated without apparent degradation of the mold. The feasibility of the resulting PDMS replica was effectively demonstrated using a microfluidic device for enhanced oil recovery analysis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1433–1442
Structure and optical properties of transparent polyamide 6 containing lithium bromide
Authors: Sato Yusuke , Ito Asae , Maeda Shuichi , Yamaguchi Masayuki 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effects of lithium bromide (LiBr) on the structure and properties of polyamide 6 (PA6). The strong ion–dipole interactions between lithium cations and the amide groups in PA6 greatly increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) and retarded the crystallization rate of PA6. As a result, compression‐molded PA6 blends were highly transparent and had high Tg values. The rheological terminal region was obvious in the blends because the ion–dipole interactions weakened at high temperatures. This indicates that the melt processability was barely affected by LiBr. We also evaluated the optical anisotropy of the polymer to determine its suitability as a functional optical film. We found that hot‐stretched blend films had large positive orientation birefringence with significantly weak wavelength dispersion, which can be attributed to the enhanced anisotropic polarizability of PA6. We also found that the stress‐optical coefficient in the glassy region decreased with increasing LiBr content. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1513–1520
Patient‐reported outcomes of breast reconstruction in older women: Audit of a large metropolitan public/private practice in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Oh Daniel D. , Flitcroft Kathy , Brennan Meagan E. , Snook Kylie L. , Spillane Andrew J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveOlder age is associated with lower rates of breast reconstruction (BR) for women requiring mastectomy. This study compared patient‐reported outcomes between women aged 60 years and older who had received mastectomy and BR with those who received no BR (NBR).MethodsAbout 135 women aged 60 or over treated between 2009 and 2016 with mastectomy only (N = 87) or mastectomy with BR (N = 48) for primary breast cancer completed patient‐reported outcome measures using a set of validated questionnaires. Reasons for choosing or declining BR were also explored using a set of nonvalidated questionnaires.ResultsPatients who received BR were generally younger (P = <0.001) and reported greater satisfaction with their bodies (P = 0.048) than NBR patients. Patients with autologous reconstruction reported greater satisfaction with their breasts than implant‐based reconstruction patients. Both BR and NBR patients reported good quality of life, low pain scores, good body image, and low levels of decisional regret.ConclusionsThese data do not identify any quality of life‐related reasons to not offer clinically fit, well‐informed older women the option of BR.
A novel approach to the diagnosis and treatment of hemoptysis in infants: A case series
Authors: Zaidi S. Javed , Schweig Lorene , Patel Dhaval , Javois Alexander , Akhter Javeed 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionHemoptysis in children is an uncommon presenting symptom but can be life‐threatening if massive. Cardiac catheterization and coil embolization of aorto‐pulmonary collateral vessels (APCs) is uncommon in pediatric hemoptysis patients without congenital heart disease.MethodsWe present a series of seven infants (≤12 months of age) with hemoptysis, all of whom underwent cardiac catheterization to look for and intervene upon APCs, if found. Only those patients who underwent both bronchoscopy as well as cardiac catheterization from January 1995 to January 2015 were included in this retrospective review.ResultsSeven patients met inclusion criteria, and three had a history of recurrent hemoptysis. The mean age was 3 months. Four had evidence of bleeding on bronchoscopy. All seven had respiratory distress which necessitated ICU admission; five required mechanical ventilation. Cardiac catheterization showed significant APCs (>2 mm) in six of the seven studied patients, all of which were coil embolized. One patient had no significant APCs and therefore, no embolization. All patients had complete resolution with no recurrences during the 10‐20‐year outpatient follow‐up period. Chest CT scans were not helpful in delineating the site or etiology of bleeding in any patient.ConclusionsAPCs should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pulmonary hemorrhage in infants after more common causes have been ruled out.
Transcriptomic analysis of interactions between Hyphantria cunea larvae and nucleopolyhedrovirus
Authors: Sun Lili , Liu Peng , Sun Shouhui , Yan Shanchun , Cao Chuanwang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDHyphantria cunea is a destructive forest pest. To utilise H. cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HcNPV) for biological control, understanding insect‐virus interactions is essential.RESULTSFour cDNA libraries were constructed from H. cunea larvae (two HcNPV‐infected and two uninfected groups) and 76 004 expressed genes were obtained by next‐generation sequencing. Compared with controls, 272 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in infected groups, including 162 up‐regulated and 110 down‐regulated genes. Transcription levels of 20 random DEGs were consistent with the Solexa expression profiles obtained by quantitative real‐time PCR. DEGs associated with innate immunity were grouped into several categories, including pattern recognition proteins, heat‐shock proteins, UDP‐glycosyltransferases, cytochrome P450s, antimicrobial peptides and hormonal signalling proteins. Interestingly, up‐regulated host genes included farnesoic acid O‐methyltransferase, two juvenile hormone (JH) binding proteins, and a circadian clock‐controlled protein related to JH regulation. Pathway enrichment analysis indicates that mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways, key candidate genes and important biological pathways may be associated with molecular modification in H. cunea larvae in response to virus stress.CONCLUSIONThese findings provide insight for future research on the molecular mechanisms of HcNPV invasion and anti‐HcNPV mechanisms in H. cunea. A better understanding of gene regulation following HcNPV invasion could help to develop the virus as a bio‐insecticide. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Extreme floods and river values: A social–ecological perspective
Authors: Parsons Melissa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe social–ecological status of rivers is particularly pronounced during extreme flood events. Extreme floods are a substantial threat to people, infrastructure, and livelihoods. Efforts to address the threats of extreme floods are aligned largely with social values of flood risk mitigation, flood preparation, and avoidance of loss. However, extreme floods are also a fundamental driver of river ecosystems, aligned with ecological (biophysical) values of event effectiveness, river change, disturbance, biotic response, and heterogeneity. A survey of the public perceptions of extreme floods revealed that participants generally understood the ecological values of extreme floods through concepts of naturalness, climate change, and knowledge production. However, participants had less understanding of how river integrity might influence the response of rivers to extreme floods. Resilience can be used as a framework for uniting the social and ecological values of extreme floods because it embodies a common language of change, disturbance, and adaptation and complements the socially dominated discourse of risk and emergency management. Three strategies are given for river scientists to frame ecological values in parallel with the paradigms of the socially dominated discourse of extreme floods: be prepared to act following an extreme flood disaster, learn and use the language of the flood risk and emergency management sector, and undertake assessments of the ecological values of extreme floods to highlight the threats to those values that may occur with climate change and river modification.
Testing convexity of figures under the uniform distribution
Authors: Berman Piotr , Murzabulatov Meiram , Raskhodnikova Sofya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe consider the following basic geometric problem: Given , a 2‐dimensional black‐and‐white figure is ∊‐ far from convex if it differs in at least an ∊ fraction of the area from every figure where the black object is convex. How many uniform and independent samples from a figure that is ∊‐ far from convex are needed to detect a violation of convexity with constant probability? This question arises in the context of designing property testers for convexity.We show that uniform samples (and the same running time) are necessary and sufficient for detecting a violation of convexity in an ∊‐far figure and, equivalently, for testing convexity of figures with 1‐sided error. Our algorithm beats the lower bound by Schmeltz [32] on the number of samples required for learning convex figures under the uniform distribution. It demonstrates that, with uniform samples, we can check if a set is approximately convex much faster than we can find an approximate representation of a convex set.
Hollow Zeolite Single Crystals: Synthesis Routes and Functionalization Methods
Authors: Tuel Alain , Farrusseng David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHollow zeolite single crystals represent a new class of materials that have received considerable attention over the last decade. Besides facilitating the transport of molecules in zeolite crystals, the cavity present in hollow crystals offers many possibilities for encapsulating active species and constitutes a closed space that can be used as a nanoreactor. However, despite the simplicity of the concept, the synthesis of hollow zeolites is difficult, as it necessitates to control the chemistry and the spatial distribution of elements throughout the crystals. Here, the different strategies that can be used to transform bulk zeolite crystals into hollow analogs are reported. In particular, selective dissolution as well as dissolution–recrystallization methods are discussed in detail in the case of zeolites with mobile five (MFI) framework type. More sophisticated fabrication strategies are also described for two other major zeolites, namely, zeolites Beta and Y. Additionally, methods to introduce metal nanoparticles with controlled size and composition in the cavity are also addressed. The review ends with concluding remarks, including major challenges and future outlooks in the field.
Climbing-Related Injury Among Adults in the United States: 5-Year Analysis of the National Emergency Department Sample
Authors: Forrester Joseph D. , Tran Kenneth , Tennakoon Lakshika , Staudenmayer Kristan 
Published: September 2018

Introduction Rock climbing and mountaineering are popular outdoor recreational activities. More recently, indoor climbing has become popular, which has increased the number of persons at risk for climbing-related injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess the morbidity, mortality, and healthcare cost due to climbing-related injury among persons presenting to US emergency departments (ED). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the 2010 to 2014 National Emergency Department Sample database, a nationally representative sample of all visits to US EDs. Rock climbing, mountain climbing, and wall climbing injuries were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes (E004.0). Outcomes evaluated included morbidity, mortality, inpatient admission, and costs. Adjusted analyses accounting for survey methodology were performed. Results A weighted-estimate 15,116 adult ED visits were associated with climbing-related injury. Patient age was 32.8±14.7 (mean±SD) (95% CI: 32.1−33.5) y, and 62% of patients were male. The majority of the injuries occurred in the Western census region (9593; 63%). Less than 1% of all climbing-related visits resulted in death. Only of injury severity score >15 was associated with death ( P = 0.005). A total of 1610 (11%) of patients were admitted as inpatients. Accounting for ED and inpatient costs, climbing-related injuries cost the US healthcare system approximately $102 (95% CI: $75−130) million USD for the 5-y period, averaging $20±9.5 million USD per y. Conclusions Most persons with climbing-related injuries presenting to EDs do not require inpatient admission. Although death is rare among patients with climbing-related injuries, the costs of injuries in survivors remain high.
A higher-order slender-body theory for axisymmetric flow past a particle at moderate Reynolds number
Authors: Khair Aditya S. , Chisholm Nicholas G. 
Published: September 2018

Slender-body theory is utilized to derive an asymptotic approximation to the hydrodynamic drag on an axisymmetric particle that is held fixed in an otherwise uniform stream of an incompressible Newtonian fluid at moderate Reynolds number. The Reynolds number,$Re$, is based on the length of the particle. The axis of rotational symmetry of the particle is collinear with the uniform stream. The drag is expressed as a series in powers of$1/\text{ln}(1/\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})$, where$\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$is the small ratio of the characteristic width to length of the particle; the series is asymptotic for$Re\ll O(1/\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})$. The drag is calculated through terms of$O[1/\text{ln}^{3}(1/\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})]$, thereby extending the work of Khayat & Cox (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 209, 1989, pp. 435–462) who determined the drag through$O[1/\text{ln}^{2}(1/\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})]$. The calculation of the$O[1/\text{ln}^{3}(1/\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})]$term is accomplished via the generalized reciprocal theorem (Lovalenti & Brady,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 256, 1993, pp. 561–605). The first dependence of the inertial contribution to the drag on the cross-sectional profile of the particle is at$O[1/\text{ln}^{3}(1/\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})]$. Notably, the drag is insensitive to the direction of travel at this order. The asymptotic results are compared to a numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations for the case of a prolate spheroid. Good agreement between the two is observed at moderately small values of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$, which is surprising given the logarithmic error associated with the asymptotic expansion.