bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of edible coatings on fresh and minimally processed fruits: a review
Authors: Sharma Poorva , Kehinde Bababode Adesegun , Kaur Shubhneet , Vyas Pratibha 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to update with information about edible coating on minimally processed and fresh fruits, focussing on the composition, active ingredients, antimicrobial concentration and their effect on ripening rate, phytonutrients retention and shelf-life of fruits. In future, the data will be helpful for the processors to select the best coating material and its effective concentration for different fresh and minimally processed fruits.Design/methodology/approachMajor scientific information was collected from Scopus, Web of Science, Mendeley and Google Scholar. Several key words such as postharvest, edible coating, phytonutrients, shelf-life enhancement, bioactive compounds, minimally processed fruits and antimicrobial compounds were used to find the data. Relevant information was collected by using 90 recent research and review articles.FindingsThe main findings of this comprehensive review are to improve the quality of fruits, to meet the next-generation food security needs. However, in the process of achieving the goal of improving quality of food produce, embrace of synthetic, non-biodegradable packaging materials have increased, creating serious pollution problem. Amidst several alternatives for replacement of synthetic packaging, the option of biodegradable films and coatings showed promising results.Originality/valueThe paper represents recent information about the edible coating used for the enhancement of shelf-life of fresh and minimally processed fruits.
The role of plasticity in the evolution of cryptic pigmentation in a freshwater isopod
Authors: Lürig Moritz D. , Best Rebecca J. , Svitok Marek , Jokela Jukka , Matthews Blake 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCryptic pigmentation of prey is often thought to evolve in response to predator‐mediated selection, but pigmentation traits can also be plastic, and change with respect to both abiotic and biotic environmental conditions. In such cases, identifying the presence of, and drivers of trait plasticity is useful for understanding the evolution of crypsis.Previous work suggests that cryptic pigmentation of freshwater isopods (Asellus aquaticus) has evolved in response to predation pressure by fish in habitats with varying macrophyte cover and coloration. However, macrophytes can potentially influence the distribution of pigmentation by altering not only habitat‐specific predation susceptibility, but also dietary resources and abiotic conditions. The goals of this study were to experimentally test how two putative agents of selection, namely macrophytes and fish, affect the pigmentation ofA. aquaticus,and to assess whether pigmentation is plastic, using a diet manipulation in a common garden.We performed two experiments: (a) in an outdoor mesocosm experiment, we investigated how different densities of predatory fish (0/30/60 three‐spined stickleback [Gasterosteus aculeatus] per mesocosm) and macrophytes (presence/absence) affected the abundance, pigmentation and body size structure of isopod populations. (b) In a subsequent laboratory experiment, we reared isopods in a common garden experiment on two different food sources (high/low protein content) to test whether variation in pigmentation of isopods can be explained by diet‐based developmental plasticity.We found that fish presence strongly reduced isopod densities, particularly in the absence of macrophytes, but had no effect on pigmentation or size structure of the populations. However, we found that isopods showed consistently higher pigmentation in the presence of macrophytes, regardless of fish presence or absence. Our laboratory experiment, in which we manipulated the protein content of the isopods’ diet, revealed strong plasticity of pigmentation and weak plasticity of growth rate.The combined results of both experiments suggest that pigmentation ofA. aquaticusis a developmentally plastic trait and that multiple environmental factors (e.g. macrophytes, diet and predation) might jointly influence the evolution of cryptic pigmentation ofA. aquaticusin nature on relatively short time‐scales.
Identification of the first glyphosate transporter by genomic adaptation
Authors: Wicke Dennis , Schulz Lisa M. , Lentes Sabine , Scholz Patricia , Poehlein Anja , Gibhardt Johannes , Daniel Rolf , Ischebeck Till , Commichau Fabian M. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis can get into contact with growth‐inhibiting substances, which may be of anthropogenic origin. Glyphosate is such a substance serving as a nonselective herbicide. Glyphosate specifically inhibits the 5‐enolpyruvyl‐shikimate‐3‐phosphate (EPSP) synthase, which generates an essential precursor for de novo synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants, fungi, bacteria and archaea. Inhibition of the EPSP synthase by glyphosate results in depletion of the cellular levels of aromatic amino acids unless the environment provides them. Here, we have assessed the potential of B. subtilis to adapt to glyphosate at the genome level. In contrast to Escherichia coli, which evolves glyphosate resistance by elevating the production and decreasing the glyphosate sensitivity of the EPSP synthase, B. subtilis primarily inactivates the gltT gene encoding the high‐affinity glutamate/aspartate symporter GltT. Further adaptation of the gltT mutants to glyphosate led to the inactivation of the gltP gene encoding the glutamate transporter GltP. Metabolome analyses confirmed that GltT is the major entryway of glyphosate into B. subtilis. GltP, the GltT homologue of E. coli also transports glyphosate into B. subtilis. Finally, we found that GltT is involved in uptake of the herbicide glufosinate, which inhibits the glutamine synthetase.
LDJump: Estimating variable recombination rates from population genetic data
Authors: Hermann Philipp , Heissl Angelika , Tiemann‐Boege Irene , Futschik Andreas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs recombination plays an important role in evolution, its estimation and the identification of hotspot positions is of considerable interest. We propose a novel approach for estimating population recombination rates based on genotyping or sequence data that involves a sequential multiscale change point estimator. Our method also permits demography to be taken into account. It uses several summary statistics within a regression model fitted on suitable scenarios. Our proposed method is accurate, computationally fast, and provides a parsimonious solution by ensuring a type I error control against too many changes in the recombination rate. An application to human genome data suggests a good congruence between our estimated and experimentally identified hotspots. Our method is implemented in the R‐package LDJump, which is freely available at https://github.com/PhHermann/LDJump.
Impact of bowel movement condition on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Katayama Yuki , Yamada Tadaaki , Tanimura Keiko , Yoshimura Akihiro , Takeda Takayuki , Chihara Yusuke , Tamiya Nobuyo , Kaneko Yoshiko , Uchino Junji , Takayama Koichi 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundCancer immunotherapy is under development as a promising alternative strategy for treating advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the development of novel biomarkers to optimize the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is still ongoing. Gut microbiota are known to regulate a host's immunity and are associated with the response to ICIs in melanoma. Therefore, we analyzed the association between ICI treatment efficacy and bowel movement condition in patients with NSCLC.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with ICIs between December 2015 and March 2018 at University Hospital Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine in Kyoto, Japan. The association between stool abnormalities and ICI efficacy was investigated. We defined patients with constipation or those who used a laxative as the stool abnormality group.ResultsWe retrospectively enrolled 40 patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with ICIs. The median age was 69.5 years; 20 patients had a stool abnormality and 20 patients did not. The disease control rates were lower in NSCLC patients with stool abnormalities than in those without stool abnormalities (20% vs. 77.8%, respectively; P = 0.0016). The time to treatment failure with ICI treatment was shorter in NSCLC patients with stool abnormalities compared with those without stool abnormalities (P = 0.003; odds ratio, 3.09; 95% confidence interval 1.41–6.78).ConclusionStool abnormality might be a predictive biomarker for the clinical benefit of ICI treatment in patients with NSCLC. Further investigations are warranted to validate our findings.
An awkward technocracy:
Authors: MACK JENNIFER 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn Sweden, an ostensibly secular‐majority society, urban planners facilitate the construction of new churches and mosques for minority religious groups. In this work, they typically perceive themselves as neutral professionals relying on a technical education. But since the 1980s, Swedish civil servants, including planners, have transformed from experts to managers, and their interactions with clients for mosques and churches often reveal their opinions and preferences, including for modernism and secularism. These awkward encounters challenge the planners’ technocratic understanding of their work, forcing them into a new kind of productive labor: as uncomfortable arbiters of difference and its public presence. This is a result of neoliberal governance, which has ambiguously expanded the types of European civil servants asked to manage minority groups, as well as the professional roles they must play. [urban planning, neoliberalism, secularism, mosques, churches, immigration, Sweden]
Abnormal cervical cytology is associated with preterm delivery: A population based study
Authors: Jar‐Allah Tagrid , Kärrberg Cecilia , Wiik Johanna , Sengpiel Verena , Strander Björn , Holmberg Erik , Strandell Annika 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing evidence suggests that cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, with or without subsequent treatment, is associated with preterm delivery. We aimed to explore the association between abnormal cervical cytology of different severity and the subsequent obstetric outcomes such as preterm delivery.Material and methodsThe historical register‐based cohort study comprised 19 822 women in the Western Region of Sweden who had at least one abnormal cervical cytology from 1978 to 2012 before the age of 45 and a subsequent singleton delivery. The reference group comprised 39 644 women with normal cervical cytology and a subsequent singleton delivery, matched by age and parity. Data were retrieved from the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry, linked to the Swedish Medical Birth Register and Statistic Sweden. The study outcomes were spontaneous preterm delivery before 37 and 34 weeks, low birthweight (≤2500 g), small‐for‐gestational‐age, preterm premature rupture of membranes and neonatal mortality. Multivariable log binominal regression analyses were applied.ResultsPreterm delivery before 37 weeks was more common among women with abnormal cervical cytology compared with reference group: 6% vs 4.5%; adjusted relative risk 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.21‐1.39). High vs low‐grade abnormal cervical cytology implied a higher risk: 7% vs 5.8% (P < 0.001). Early preterm delivery before 34 weeks, preterm premature rupture of membranes and low birthweight, but not small‐for‐gestational‐age and neonatal mortality, were significantly more common in women with abnormal cervical cytology compared with the reference group.ConclusionsAbnormal cervical cytology may imply an increased risk of preterm delivery. Further studies are needed to investigate whether that risk is related to treatment.
Clinical evaluation of full‐arch screw‐retained implant‐supported fixed prostheses and full‐arch telescopic‐retained implant‐supported fixed prostheses: A 5–12 year follow‐up retrospective study
Authors: Mori Gentaro , Oda Yukari , Sakamoto Kei , Ito Taichi , Yajima Yasutomo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prostheses and implants survival rate and peri‐implantitis rate in edentulous patients treated with full‐arch screw‐retained implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FSIFDPs) and full‐arch telescopic‐retained implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FTIFDPs) over an observation period of at least 5 years.Materials and methodsFrom 2004 to 2012, 696 implants were inserted into 78 patients with 102 prostheses. The FSIFDP group comprised 31 patients (37 prostheses, 232 implants), whereas the FTIFDP group comprised 47 patients (65 prostheses, 464 implants). Prosthesis and implant estimated cumulative survival rates (ECSR) and estimated cumulative peri‐implantitis rates (ECPR) were assessed. The follow‐up period was 5–12 years. Kaplan–Meier survival curves with the log‐rank test were used to evaluate outcomes.ResultsThe 12‐year prosthesis ECSR was 96.8% (95% CI: 79.2–99.5, 36/37 prostheses) in the FSIFDP group and 96.4% (95% CI: 86.3–99.1, 63/65 prostheses) in the FTIFDP group, whereas the 12‐year implant ECSR was 99.5% (95% CI: 96.4–99.9, 231/232 implants) in the FSIFDP group and 98.7% (95% CI: 96.9–99.5, 459/464 implants) in the FTIFDP group. The 12‐year ECPR at the prosthesis level was 12.8% (95% CI: 12.7–47.6, 4/37 prostheses) in the FSIFDP group and 12.8% (95% CI: 11.4–24.1, 6/65 prostheses) in the FTIFDP group. The 12‐year ECPR at the implant level was 4.4% (95% CI: 4.3–23.0, 6/232 implants) in the FSIFDP group and 2.2% (95% CI: 2.0–12.3, 7/464 implants) in the FTIFDP group.ConclusionFTIFDPs have clinical results comparable to those of FSIFDPs. Therefore, FTIFDPs can be useful.
Characteristics of cardiopulmonary exercise testing of patients with borderline mean pulmonary artery pressure
Authors: Jiang Rong , Liu Hui , Pudasaini Bigyan , Zhang Rui , Xu Jian‐Lin , Wang Lan , Zhao Qin‐Hua , Yuan Ping , Guo Jian , He Jing , Gong Su‐Gang , Wu Cheng , Wu Wen‐Hui , Luo Ci‐Jun , Qiu Hong‐Ling , Jing Zhi‐Cheng , Liu Jin‐Ming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary hypertension patients with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) ≥ 25 mm Hg had impaired cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Borderline mean pulmonary pressures (boPAP; 21‐24 mm Hg) represent early pulmonary vasculopathy. The CPET characteristics of boPAP are a matter of discussion. We aimed to determine the CPET profile of such borderline hemodynamics.MethodsA matched case‐control study was conducted on consecutive boPAP patients at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between Jan 2012 and Jan 2017. Hemodynamics, echocardiography, the pulmonary function test (PFT) and CPET parameters were compared between boPAP patients and normal mPAP patients which were matched 1:1 by sex and age. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the efficacy of CPET in detecting boPAP.ResultsA total of 48 patients underwent RHC and CPET (24 Normal, 24 boPAP). There were no differences in the demographics, echocardiography and PFT. BoPAP patients had significantly decreased VO2 at the anaerobic threshold and peak VO2/kg (858.4 ± 246.5 mL/min vs 727.9 ± 228.0 mL/min, P = 0.037; 21.1 ± 6.4 mL/min/kg vs. 15.5 ± 5.6 mL/min/kg, P = 0.001, respectively). Significant differences were not observed in ventilation efficiency. A trend of impaired oxygen pulse and submaximal exercise tolerance were observed in boPAP patients. Conditional logistical regression analysis revealed the risk of boPAP increased by 2.493 (95% confident interval: 1.388 to 4.476, P = 0.002) with every 5 mL/min/kg decrease in peak VO2/kg.ConclusionsPatients with boPAP have a greater prevalence of exercise intolerance, a trend of impaired oxygen pulse and submaximal exercise tolerance.
Contrasting patterns of naturalized plant richness in the Americas: Numbers are higher in the North but expected to rise sharply in the South
Authors: Pyšek Petr , Dawson Wayne , Essl Franz , Kreft Holger , Pergl Jan , Seebens Hanno , van Kleunen Mark , Weigelt Patrick , Winter Marten 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWith increasing availability of plant distribution data, the information about global plant diversity is improving rapidly. Recently, Ulloa Ulloa et al. (2017) presented the first comprehensive overview of the native vascular flora of the Americas, yielding a total count of 124,993 native species. Of these, 51,241 occur in North America and 82,052 in South America. By combining these data with the information in the Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database of naturalized alien floras, we point out that for a complete picture of the regional and continental plant richness, the naturalized alien species need to be considered. Ignoring this novel component of regional floras can lead to an inaccurate picture of overall change in biodiversity in the Anthropocene. We show that North and South America might face contrasting challenges in terms of potential threats to biodiversity posed by alien plant species, because of the different past and present dynamics of invasions and predictions of future development. In total, there are 7,042 naturalized alien plants occurring in the Americas, with 6,122 recorded in North America and 2,677 in South America; if only introductions from other continents are considered additions to the native continental flora make up 6.9 and 1.4 %, respectively. Nevertheless, predictions of naturalized plant trajectories based on global trade dynamics and climate change suggest that considerable increases in naturalized plant numbers are expected in the next 20 years for emerging South American economies, which could reverse the present state.
A review of N‐acetylcysteine in the treatment of grooming disorders
Authors: Braun Tara L. , Patel Viraat , DeBord Logan C. , Rosen Theodore 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPathologic grooming disorders can lead to clinically significant distress and functional impairment. Studies on treatment of these disorders with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and anticonvulsants have led to inconsistent findings. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) has shown promise in treatment of obsessive‐compulsive and related disorders. The objective of this article is to perform an updated review of NAC in the treatment of grooming disorders.MethodsPubMed was searched from inception to October 2017 to identify literature on the use of NAC in the management of trichotillomania, onychophagia, and pathological skin picking. Case reports, case series, and randomized controlled trials were included. Data on study design, dosing regimens, comorbidities, concurrent treatment, and side effects were extracted from the included articles.ResultsFifteen articles were included in this review, which consisted of 10 case reports, one case series, and four randomized controlled trials. Dosing of oral NAC ranged from 450 to 2,400 mg per day, and treatment periods lasted from 1 to 8 months. Side effects were uncommon, mild, and usually gastrointestinal in nature, with severe aggression reported in one child.ConclusionsWhile there are multiple reports of the safety and efficacy of NAC in the treatment of grooming disorders, there are currently few randomized controlled trials on this topic, and more research is needed to develop a formal treatment algorithm. While current data should be considered very preliminary, case reports have demonstrated mostly positive results and a lack of significant side effects. A trial of NAC may be a viable option for pathologic grooming disorders, especially in patients who have failed prior psychologic or pharmacologic treatment.
Immediate cephalosporin allergy
Authors: Yuson Carlo , Kumar Kimti , Le Adriana , Ahmadie Aida , Banovic Tatjana , Heddle Robert , Kette Frank , Smith William , Hissaria Pravin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients who suffer from acute IgE‐mediated allergy to a cephalosporin antibiotic are frequently assumed to be at high risk of allergy to other cephalosporins and penicillins.AimTo define cross‐reactivity patterns in patients with confirmed allergy to a cephalosporin.MethodsSubjects presenting with a history of immediate allergy to a cephalosporin‐family antibiotic between March 2009 and July 2017 were investigated with specific IgE testing to penicillin, amoxycillin and cefaclor, followed by skin prick testing, intradermal testing and drug provocation testing with a panel of penicillins and cephalosporins.ResultsOut of 564 subjects with a reported beta‐lactam allergy, 90 identified a cephalosporin as their index drug. Fifty‐five (61.1%) of the 90 subjects tested had a history consistent with an IgE‐mediated reaction, of whom 24 (43.6%) were proven to be allergic to their index cephalosporin. Twenty (83.3%) of the 24 were allergic only to their index cephalosporin. Of the four remaining subjects, two were co‐sensitised to another beta‐lactam with a similar side chain, while the other two had no specific cross‐reactivity pattern. Major and minor penicillin determinants were negative for all cephalosporin‐allergic individuals.ConclusionIn our cohort, cephalosporin allergy does not appear to be a class effect, with most cases found allergic only to their index cephalosporin. Co‐sensitisation to other cephalosporins or penicillins was uncommon, and when it occurred, was usually consistent with side chain cross‐reactivity.
Impact of universal immunohistochemistry on Lynch syndrome diagnosis in an Australian colorectal cancer cohort
Authors: Loh Zoe , Williams David S. , Salmon Lucinda , Dow Eryn , John Thomas 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend a step‐wise screening algorithm for all colorectal carcinomas (CRC) to identify patients with Lynch syndrome (LS).AimTo describe the frequencies of mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), BRAFV600E mutations and MLH1 methylation in resected CRC, and evaluate the impact of universal screening on LS detection.MethodsRetrospectively, 1171 consecutive cases of resected CRC were identified between 2010 and 2017 from a large multi‐centre pathology service. Testing for dMMR by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was initiated by the reporting pathologist from 2010, until universal testing was introduced in 2015. Patients with dMMR were referred to the Family Cancer Clinic (FCC) for consideration of germline mutation analysis.ResultsIHC was performed on 680 tumours, with abnormal expression in 124 (18%). Referral to FCC was made for 44 of the 88 patients with abnormal IHC (excluding those with BRAFV600E mutations). Of the 29 who attended, 16 underwent germline genetic testing, and LS was diagnosed in 7 with a germline mutation. After implementation of universal testing, there was a greater incidence of dMMR (17% vs 10%, P = 0.02), rate of BRAFV600E testing (79% vs 25%, P < 0.0001), and referral to FCC (61% vs 33%, P < 0.0001), but no difference in FCC attendance rate (65% vs 67%, P = 0.59) or new LS diagnoses (1.6% vs 0%, P = 0.06).ConclusionUniversal IHC testing may increase the detection of LS, and should be implemented where possible. However, the full benefit was limited by low referral to and uptake of genetic testing, and further strategies are needed to overcome these barriers.