bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of herbicides in cultivation of spruce and pine in the Northwest Russia
Authors: Egorov A , Postnikov A , Bubnov A , Pavlyuchenkova L , Partolina A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the results of field experiments that went on in the Leningrad region for seven years with the aim to test the effect of modern herbicides and their mixtures on unwanted vegetation during the first few years after planting European spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). We provide data on the effect of herbicides on unwanted vegetation in clear-cut areas and former agricultural lands. We report the high efficiency of some applications of herbicides. For example, a mixture of Roundup, WS (360 g/l acid glyphosate), Anchor-85, WDG (750 g/kg potassium salt of sulfometuron-methyl) and Arsenal, WC (250 g/l imazapyr) suppressed the development of herbaceous weeds during two vegetative seasons. We provide data on the growth of the planted seedlings. We propose an efficient and low-cost method of creating forest plantations, which involves preliminary treatment of the area with a mixture of herbicides and the subsequent planting of pine and spruce seedlings.
Using of knotty wood features in the manufacture of final sawn production
Authors: Vladimirova E , Rykunin S , Shalaev V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The objective of the work is the study of the features of knotiness of the produced boards faces and the development of directions for their use in the final sawn timber production. In order to have a quantitative understanding of the knotting peculiarities on the faces of produced boards, the nature of the knots distribution on sawn timber, experimental work was carried out. The initial data collection consisted of the following stages: selection and certification of saw logs, cutting logs into timber and their passporting. For certification boards used the method of photographing. According to passports and photographs, boards were analyzed using AutoCAD and MS Excel. There is a tendency of uneven knots distribution relative to the central axis of the board. The obtained data predetermine the need for further research on the trends of the location of the knots in the trunk. In this case, it is necessary to study not so much a specific trunk; it is required to obtain a pattern of the propagation of knots in forest stands along a group of homogeneous trees. In this case, predicting the location of the knots in the logs can influence the technology.
Sustainable forest management is one of Russia’s economic problems
Authors: Bespalova V , Gedio V , Polyanskaya O , Shaitarova O , Tereshchenko S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The world community is increasingly expressing its concern about the rational and cost-effective use of available natural resources. There is a threat of degradation of a large area of the world’s forests, the loss of unique biological systems and biological diversity, and environmental degradation. This is mainly due to insufficient funding. Therefore, new approaches to financing of reforestation are required. This, in turn, requires a different approach to determining the cost of standing timber. When determining the cost of standing timber, one should take into account not only the species composition, but also the quality of tree stands (i.e. assortment composition), road infrastructure (remoteness from public roads and the availability of forest roads for hauling timber and by-products), soils and other factors affecting the cost of transport of forest products. Funds received from the sale of wood resources should be directed to reforestation, the creation of forest infrastructure and the solution of other social and environmental problems.
An Energy Management System for Hybrid Energy Sources-based Stand-alone Marine Microgrid
Authors: Zia M F , Elbouchikhi E , Benbouzid M E H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Microgrids are becoming a viable solution for satisfying energy demand of rural and remote areas. Indeed, energy demand of islands can be met by renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and micro-conventional generation sources-based microgrid systems. The optimal scheduling of these energy sources requires an energy management system for microgrids. Bretagne region in France has huge potential in marine renewable energy sources. Therefore, islands in this region can use tidal turbines with other energy sources to meet their local energy consumption. A case study of stand-alone marine microgrid system for Ouessant island is proposed in this paper. The considered microgrid includes PV system, tidal turbine, diesel generator, and Li-ion battery. The architecture and optimal scheduling of the developed microgrid system is presented to reduce operating and maintenance costs. The developed energy management architecture can help microgrid systems planning for islands in the near future.
Roles and Challenges of Network Sensors in Smart Cities
Authors: Alharbi N , Soh B 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The study in this paper is in response to an increasingly technological and connected world. Scientific discoveries, engineering achievements, and social dynamics have led to the evolution of human societies. In the last two decades, ways in which people interact and live have changed, mainly because of the new technologies. In this paper, we explore the roles and challenges of network sensors as elements of a smart city and propose solutions and implications to address the challenges.
A 3P4SW Based UPQC to Improve Power Quality in Medium Voltage Distribution System
Authors: Senthil Vadivu U , Keshavan B K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The adverse effect of power quality issues on power distribution system due to power electronics based controllers has tremendously increased in the modern power system; therfore, it is highly desired to design a novel power quality conditioner with a minimum number of switches to compensate voltage and current distortions. This proposed configuration reduces switching losses and also effectively alleviates the performance of the power quality conditioner. This paper introduces a configuration of 3P4SW (Three Phase Four Switch) UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner) for both shunt and series APF (Active Power Filter) which can be implemented in medium voltage power grid. The major challenge of phase balance with only four switches in UPQC is accomplished by adaptive Self-tuning PID using neuro-fuzzy logic control and adaptive reference current generation scheme. This controller improves sag and swells compensation with better angle control via shunt and series converter performance and passive components design. The efficacy of proposed topology is tested on MATLAB/Simulink software and results are compared with the existing three phase six switch configuration (3P6SW).
Predictive Torque Control of Three-level Sparse Neutral Point Clamped Inverter fed IPMSM Drives using Simplified Deadbeat Principle
Authors: Zhang Xinan , Foo Gilbert , Tung Ngo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a predictive torque control for interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) driven by three-level sparse neutral point clamped inverter. It contributes to greatly diminish the torque and flux ripples by using predictions and three voltage levels. To precisely synthesize the voltage vectors, deadbeat principle is employed. Different from existing works, the proposed control method is implemented in stationary reference frame, eliminating coordinate transformations. Furthermore, one cycle delay is compensated through predictions. In addition, to further reduce the torque and flux ripples, three-level sparse neutral point clamped inverter (3L-SNPCI) is employed. In comparison with other types of three-level inverters, it utilizes fewer power semiconductors and has alleviated neutral point voltage fluctuation problem. Space vector modulation is employed to generate the switching signals for the 3L-SNPCI. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by experimental results.
Theoretical Analysis of a Solar PV-Wind Hybrid Power System for Energy Generation in Kutch Region
Authors: Desai A , Ray A , Mukhopadhyay I 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Solar PV-Wind Hybrid Power System that uses renewable sources to supply power to grid to meet the power requirement. Theoretical Mathematical Modeling and its Generation analysis showed that solar radiation and wind are the most important physical variables for the Solar PV-Wind power system design. The study proposes Solar PV-Wind based system, affordable by local government standards to respond to the electricity demand of that state, is the one with an irradiance between 2.6 to 7 kWh/Day/m2 and wind speed between 6.6 to 15.5 miles per hour. The annual average daily yield, annual average monthly yield and total average Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) are 5 kWh/kWp/Day, 157 kWh/kWp/Month and 21 % Respectively for solar pv-wind hybrid power system total Generation for Kutch region. The model shows that with the help of Solar PV-Wind Hybrid Power System we can forecast the energy generation of minimum 30 % and maximum 70 % energy generation which can be utilize in state with the modification of existing infrastructure hence infrastructure cost can be saved and waste land between the wind mills can also be utilized.
Problems of low emission in Poland in sectoral terms
Authors: Dzikuć M , Piwowar A , Dzikuć M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The problem of low emission in Poland has been unresolved for many years. One should be aware that when planning activities to reduce low emission, it is necessary to determine in which sectors of the national economy the problem is the most serious. In this way, it will be possible to intensify activities in areas that contribute the most to the emission of pollutants entering the air. For the purposes of analyses undertaken in this publication, low emission should be defined as pollution, which enters the air at a height not exceeding 40 meters from the ground level. The aim of the article was to identify problems related to the creation of low emission in Poland in sectoral terms.
Operational Cost reduction of PV-PHS systems in farmhouses: Modelling, Design, and Experimental validation
Authors: Mousavi Navid , Kothapalli Ganesh , Habibi Daryoush , Das Choton K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a PV-PHS system designed for farmhouses to reduce electricity costs. This study uses existing irrigation systems to store surplus energy coming from PVs in the form of gravitation potential energy. The storage is a type of pumped hydro storage (PHS) system using a water well as the lower reservoir. A comprehensive PHS model is presented and tested with the experiment setup to accurately estimate the stored water. An energy management system (EMS) is designed to manage the stored water to reduce electricity costs without disturbing irrigation functionality. The proposed system is tested in an experimental setup to validate the performance of the system. Then the PV-PHS system is simulated in MATLAB to show the results with a high efficiency pump and turbine. The proposed PHS system reduced the operational cost of the farmhouse by 71.5%.
Privacy and Security Challenges and Solutions in IOT: A review
Authors: Alhalafi N , Veeraraghavan Prakash 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary concept that heavily relies on the network infrastructure to connect large number of devices whose main purpose is to collect data and communicate among one another in the bid to enhance their decision-making capabilities. However, with this great evolution comes various challenges that threatens the information technology industry; these include security and privacy issues. The presence of a large number of interconnected technologies open a grey area in the IT field which has been worsened by the lack of capacity of various institutions to identify, assess and monitor important components to ensure compliance with security policies. Thus, there is need for a clear understanding of the issues at hand and how they can be solved in order to fully harness this capability.
A Numerical Approach for Buildings Reduced Thermal Model Parameters Evaluation
Authors: Boodi Abhinandana , Beddiar Karim , Amirat Yassine , Benbouzid Mohamed 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper introduces an efficient PSO-based optimization method to identify parametric values of buildings reduced thermal RC network models. A high order reference model representing energy flow through building envelope is developed based on Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. Thermal network models performance with random resistance and capacitance values are compared with a reference model then PSO is used for parameters identification to match the actual reference model thermal dynamics. The accuracy and computational cost of these optimized models are validated against reference model for different construction classes. The proposed methodology presents an effective way to develop a reliable thermal network model representing realistic thermal dynamics in building that can be used to improve efficiency of controlling techniques.
A customer-based-strategy to minimize the cost of energy consumption by optimal utilization of energy resources in an apartment building
Authors: Rafique S , Nizami MSH , Irshad UB , Hossain MJ , Town GE 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Global energy consumption in heating and cooling of buildings and in the transport sector together accounts for approximately two-thirds of total energy consumption. Consequently, it is important to maximize the use of renewable generation energy in these sectors, and to optimize the use of that energy by managing diverse sources and loads. This is particularly challenging in high-density residential premises where the space for such infrastructure is limited, and storage can have significant impact on energy utilization and demand. In this paper, we describe a customer-based strategy (CBS) to optimize the usage of the available energy resources in such scenarios. The effectiveness of the strategy was validated for an apartment block of 20 households with photovoltaic generation (PV) and stationary battery storage (BS) systems, each with a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capable electric vehicle (EV). The modelling used real data for customer demand and included the cost of battery degradation and expected vehicle usage in optimizing resource scheduling. Substantial savings in energy costs were shown to be possible for each customer.
Feasibility of Algae Photobioreactor as Façade in the Office Building in Indonesia
Authors: Ardiani N A , Koerniawan M D , Martokusumo W , Suyono E A , Poerbo H W 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Algae has a high potential as a renewable energy resource. Recent studies about algae photobioreactor application in the building façade seem promising and the first algae building has been constructed in Hamburg, Germany. However, the application of algae photobioreactor in the hot and humid climate is still limited. This paper will discuss the feasibility of algae photobioreactor as façade in the office building by evaluating the model from Sketchup software. This is a real project of a new office building, named ITB Innovation Park at Institut Teknologi Bandung campus, Jalan Ganesha no. 15. The algae photobioreactor is planned to be installed in the west façade as shading devices and renewable energy resources. It is assumed that the acrylic moulding would work better to reduce leakage issues and the possibility of killing the algae.
Money Mazes, Media Machines, and Banana Republic Realisms
Authors: Townsend Sarah J 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article resurrects the literary source of the phrase banana republic: O. Henry’s only novel, Cabbages and Kings (1904), which was inspired by his experiences in Honduras after fleeing from charges of embezzlement. Set in a fictitious country called Anchuria, the narrative grew out of two short stories titled “Money Maze” and “The Phonograph and the Graft.” O. Henry is seldom considered in discussions of US realism at the turn of the twentieth century; nevertheless, I argue that Cabbages and Kings parodically deploys a mode of “banana republic realism” that sheds light on the role of media technologies in the processes of imperial expansion and financialization. Given Lisa Gitelman’s claim that media are “integral to a sense of what representation itself is,” how do the ties between media and money impinge on the claims of realism—especially in enclave economies where the same corporation cultivating the export commodity might also control currency and communication technologies? With an eye to debates about realism in our own era of cryptocurrencies and algorithmic trading, the article points to the banana republic as a privileged site for understanding what happens to realist representation at moments when media become increasingly integral to the economy.
Sustainable bioenergy for climate mitigation: developing drought-tolerant trees and grasses
Authors: Taylor G , Donnison I S , Murphy-Bokern D , Morgante M , Bogeat-Triboulot M-B , Bhalerao R , Hertzberg M , Polle A , Harfouche A , Alasia F , Petoussi V , Trebbi D , Schwarz K , Keurentjes J J B , Centritto M , Genty B , Flexas J , Grill E , Salvi S , Davies W J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Bioenergy crops are central to climate mitigation strategies that utilize biogenic carbon, such as BECCS (bioenergy with carbon capture and storage), alongside the use of biomass for heat, power, liquid fuels and, in the future, biorefining to chemicals. Several promising lignocellulosic crops are emerging that have no food role – fast-growing trees and grasses – but are well suited as bioenergy feedstocks, including Populus, Salix, Arundo, Miscanthus, Panicum and Sorghum.

Scope
These promising crops remain largely undomesticated and, until recently, have had limited germplasm resources. In order to avoid competition with food crops for land and nature conservation, it is likely that future bioenergy crops will be grown on marginal land that is not needed for food production and is of poor quality and subject to drought stress. Thus, here we define an ideotype for drought tolerance that will enable biomass production to be maintained in the face of moderate drought stress. This includes traits that can readily be measured in wide populations of several hundred unique genotypes for genome-wide association studies, alongside traits that are informative but can only easily be assessed in limited numbers or training populations that may be more suitable for genomic selection. Phenotyping, not genotyping, is now the major bottleneck for progress, since in all lignocellulosic crops studied extensive use has been made of next-generation sequencing such that several thousand markers are now available and populations are emerging that will enable rapid progress for drought-tolerance breeding. The emergence of novel technologies for targeted genotyping by sequencing are particularly welcome. Genome editing has already been demonstrated for Populus and offers significant potential for rapid deployment of drought-tolerant crops through manipulation of ABA receptors, as demonstrated in Arabidopsis, with other gene targets yet to be tested.

Conclusions
Bioenergy is predicted to be the fastest-developing renewable energy over the coming decade and significant investment over the past decade has been made in developing genomic resources and in collecting wild germplasm from within the natural ranges of several tree and grass crops. Harnessing these resources for climate-resilient crops for the future remains a challenge but one that is likely to be successful.
Heterogeneous phosphate supply influences maize lateral root proliferation by regulating auxin redistribution
Authors: Wang Xin , Feng Jingjing , White Philip J , Shen Jianbo , Cheng Lingyun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsRoots take up phosphorus (P) as inorganic phosphate (Pi). Enhanced root proliferation in Pi-rich patches enables plants to capture the unevenly distributed Pi, but the underlying control of root proliferation remains largely unknown. Here, the role of auxin in this response was investigated in maize (Zea mays).MethodsA split-root, hydroponics system was employed to investigate root responses to Pi supply, with one (heterogeneous) or both (homogeneous) sides receiving 0 or 500 μm Pi.Key resultsMaize roots proliferated in Pi-rich media, particularly with heterogeneous Pi supply. The second-order lateral root number was 3-fold greater in roots of plants receiving a heterogeneous Pi supply than in roots of plants with a homogeneous Pi supply. Root proliferation in a heterogeneous Pi supply was inhibited by the auxin transporter inhibitor 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). The proliferation of lateral roots was accompanied by an enhanced auxin response in the apical meristem and vascular tissues at the root tip, as demonstrated in a DR5::RFP marker line.ConclusionsIt is concluded that the response of maize root morphology to a heterogeneous Pi supply is modulated by local signals of Pi availability and systemic signals of plant P nutritional status, and is mediated by auxin redistribution.
Stem and leaf growth rates define the leaf size vs. number trade-off
Authors: Sun Jun , Wang Mantang , Lyu Min , Niklas Karl J , Zhong Quanlin , Li Man , Cheng Dongliang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe trade-off between leaf number and individual leaf size on current-year shoots (twigs) is crucial to light interception and thus net carbon gain. However, a theoretical basis for understanding this trade-off remains elusive. Here, we argue that this trade-off emerges directly from the relationship between annual growth in leaf and stem mass, a hypothesis that predicts that maximum individual leaf size (i.e. leaf mass, Mmax, or leaf area, Amax) will scale negatively and isometrically with leafing intensity (i.e. leaf number per unit stem mass, per unit stem volume or per stem cross-sectional area). We tested this hypothesis by analysing the twigs of 64 species inhabiting three different forest communities along an elevation gradient using standardized major axis (SMA) analyses. Across species, maximum individual leaf size (Mmax, Amax) scaled isometrically with respect to leafing intensity; the scaling constants between maximum leaf size and leafing intensity (based on stem cross-sectional area) differed significantly among the three forests. Therefore, our hypothesis successfully predicts a scaling relationship between maximum individual leaf size and leafing intensity, and provides a general explanation for the leaf size-number trade-off as a consequence of mechanical-hydraulic constraints on stem and leaf growth per year.
Testing for arbitrary interference on experimentation platforms
Authors: Pouget-Abadie J , Saint-Jacques G , Saveski M , Duan W , Ghosh S , Xu Y , Airoldi E M 
Published: September 2019

SummaryExperimentation platforms are essential to large modern technology companies, as they are used to carry out many randomized experiments daily. The classic assumption of no interference among users, under which the outcome for one user does not depend on the treatment assigned to other users, is rarely tenable on such platforms. Here, we introduce an experimental design strategy for testing whether this assumption holds. Our approach is in the spirit of the Durbin–Wu–Hausman test for endogeneity in econometrics, where multiple estimators return the same estimate if and only if the null hypothesis holds. The design that we introduce makes no assumptions on the interference model between units, nor on the network among the units, and has a sharp bound on the variance and an implied analytical bound on the Type I error rate. We discuss how to apply the proposed design strategy to large experimentation platforms, and we illustrate it in the context of an experiment on the LinkedIn platform.