bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of molecular testing in clinical practice in gynecologic cancers
Authors: Huang Marilyn , Hunter Tegan , Slomovitz Brian , Schlumbrecht Matthew 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundWith the growing understanding of the molecular and genetic profiles of cancers, targeted treatments are increasingly utilized in personalized cancer care. The objective of this study was to determine how these advances have translated into practice by examining how often molecular profiling of gynecological tumors led to treatment changes.MethodsWe identified women with gynecological cancers at our institution who had molecular tumor testing performed from November 2014 to June 2017. Clinicopathologic data were extracted from medical records. We determined (a) if molecular profiling identified actionable targets for which therapy is available, and (b) whether the patient's treatment course changed as a result of molecular profiling. Chi‐square, Wilcoxon rank‐sum, and Fisher's exact tests were used with a P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsWe identified 152 patients with gynecologic cancers who underwent molecular profiling. Of the 152 patients, 116 (76.3%) had actionable mutations identified, with 41 (35.3%) patients having a treatment change. Stratified by cancer type, molecular profiling most frequently identified an actionable target in patients with endometrial cancer (73.6%). Changes in treatment occurred most frequently in patients with endometrial cancer, 22 (56.4%), and ovarian cancers, 16 (39%), as compared to patients with cervical and vulvar cancer (P = 0.02). Of those patients who received a change in treatment, 39 patients (95.1%) received an FDA‐approved therapeutic agent, while two patients (4.8%) were enrolled in a clinical trial.ConclusionMolecular profiling in gynecologic cancers often identified at least one actionable mutation; however, only in a minority of these cases was the course of treatment changed. Further studies are needed to elucidate optimal timing for testing to best utilize actionable information.
Reprocessing of a mining waste deposit in the Harz mountains – How contaminated sites might become raw material deposits in the future
Authors: Römer Felix , Goldmann Daniel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDerzeit steigt durch das weltweite Wachstum und Umweltbewusstsein das Interesse an der Rückgewinnung von knappen Rohstoffen aus anthropogenen Ablagerungen. Weitere Motive sind neben dem Rohstoffhunger der modernen Welt das Flächenrecycling und die Gefahrenabwehr. Der Bergeteich Bollrich ist eine feuchte Ablagerung von Aufbereitungsrückständen aus dem Bergbau mit hohen Wertstoffanteilen. In diesem Beitrag wird eine in dem Forschungsprojekt REWITA entwickelte Aufbereitungsroute zur Rückgewinnung verschiedener Rohstoffe bei gleichzeitiger Reduktion von Schadstoffen und des Rückstands vorgestellt. Die Hauptverfahren sind Flotation, Laugung und ionenselektive Anreicherung.
Applying queue theory for modeling of cloud computing: A systematic review
Authors: Jafarnejad Ghomi Einollah , Rahmani Amir Masoud , Qader Nooruldeen Nasih 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe cloud computing paradigm is an important service in the Internet for sharing and providing resources in a cost‐efficient way. Modeling of a cloud system is not an easy task because of the complexity and large scale of such systems. Cloud reliability could be improved by modeling the various aspects of cloud systems, including scheduling, service time, wait time, and hardware and software failures. The aim of this study is to survey research studies done on the modeling of cloud computing using the queuing system in order to identify where more emphasis should be placed in both current and future research directions. This paper follows the goal by investigating the articles published between 2008 and January 2017 in journals and conferences. A systematic mapping study combined with a systematic literature review was performed to find the related literature, and 71 articles were selected as primary studies that were classified in relation to the focus, research type, and contribution type. We classified the modeling techniques of cloud computing using the queuing theory in seven categories based on their focus area: (1) performance, (2) quality of service, (3) workflow scheduling, (4) energy savings, (5) resource management, (6) priority‐based servicing, and (7) reliability. A majority of the primary articles focus on performance (37%), 15% of them focus on resource management, 14% of them focus on quality of service, 13% of them focus on workflow scheduling, 13% of them focus on energy savings, 4% of them focus on priority‐based servicing for requests, and 4% of them focus on reliability. This work summarizes and classifies the research efforts conducted on applying queue theory for modeling of cloud computing (AQTMCC), providing a good starting point for further research in this area.
Transferable HMM probability matrices in multi‐orientation geometric medical volumes segmentation
Authors: AlZu'bi Shadi , AlQatawneh Sokyna , ElBes Mohammad , Alsmirat Mohammad 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAcceptable error rate, low quality assessment, and time complexity are the major problems in image segmentation, which needed to be discovered. A variety of acceleration techniques have been applied and achieve real time results, but still limited in 3D. HMM is one of the best statistical techniques that played a significant rule recently. The problem associated with HMM is time complexity, which has been resolved using different accelerator. In this research, we propose a methodology for transferring HMM matrices from image to another skipping the training time for the rest of the 3D volume. One HMM train is generated and generalized to the whole volume. The concepts behind multi‐orientation geometrical segmentation has been employed here to improve the quality of HMM segmentation. Axial, saggital, and coronal orientations have been considered individually and together to achieve accurate segmentation results in less processing time and superior quality in the detection accuracy.
Pd‐Catalyzed Stereodivergent Allylic Amination of α‐Tertiary Allylic Alcohols towards α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Amino Acids
Authors: Xie Jianing , Qiao Chang , Martínez Belmonte Marta , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTertiary allylic alcohols were conveniently converted into either (Z)‐ or (E)‐configured α,β‐unsaturated γ‐amino acids by treatment with secondary amines under Pd catalysis at ambient conditions. The key to control the stereochemical course of these formal allylic aminations was the presence of a suitable diphosphine ligand, with dppp [1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, L12] providing high yields and selectivities for the (Z) isomers, whereas the bis[(2‐diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (DPEPhos) derivative L1′ allowed for selective formation of the corresponding (E) isomeric products. This ligand‐controlled, stereodivergent protocol thus shows promise for the stereoselective preparation of allylic amine products from a common substrate precursor.
Ciliated muconodular papillary tumors of the lung: Cytologic features and diagnostic pitfalls in intraoperative examinations
Authors: Mikubo Masashi , Maruyama Raito , Kakinuma Hirokuni , Yoshida Tsutomu , Satoh Yukitoshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCiliated muconodular papillary tumors (CMPTs) of the lung are rare, likely benign neoplastic lesions. Here we describe a case of a CMPT, focusing on its cytologic features, which to our knowledge have not been reported previously. Owing to dull back pain, a 69‐year‐old male non‐smoker underwent CT, which revealed a 1.3 × 1.3‐cm solid nodule in the peripheral field of the left lower lung lobe. A wedge resection of the nodule was performed, with the provisional diagnosis being primary lung cancer. Macroscopic examination of a resected specimen showed a 1.2‐cm grayish nodule. Touch imprint smear cytology revealed ciliated columnar cells and mucous cells, as well as abundant extracellular mucin on inflammatory background of lymphocytes and histiocytes. Histologic examination revealed a nodular papillary tumor composed of ciliated columnar cells, mucous cells, and basal cells surrounded by a mucin pool. No nuclear atypia or mitotic figures were identified. The final diagnosis was CMPT. The postoperative course was uneventful, with no recurrence at 8 months after surgery. Although a CMPT is a rare lung tumor, it should be considered when cytological or histological examination of a solitary peripheral lung nodule shows non‐atypical ciliated cells and mucous cells surrounded by mucin.
Phylogeographic patterns and conservation implications of the endangered Chinese giant salamander
Authors: Liang Zhi‐Qiang , Chen Wei‐Tao , Wang Deng‐Qiang , Zhang Shu‐Huan , Wang Chong‐Rui , He Shun‐Ping , Wu Yuan‐An , He Ping , Xie Jiang , Li Chuan‐Wu , Merilä Juha , Wei Qi‐Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUnderstanding genetic diversity patterns of endangered species is an important premise for biodiversity conservation. The critically endangered salamanderAndrias davidianus, endemic to central and southern mainland in China, has suffered from sharp range and population size declines over the past three decades. However, the levels and patterns of genetic diversity ofA. davidianuspopulations in wild remain poorly understood. Herein, we explore the levels and phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity of wild‐caughtA. davidianususing larvae and adult collection with the aid of sequence variation in (a) the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments (n = 320 individuals; 33 localities), (b) 19 whole mtDNA genomes, and (c) nuclear recombinase activating gene 2 (RAG2;n = 88 individuals; 19 localities). Phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA datasets uncovered seven divergent mitochondrial clades (A–G), which likely originated in association with the uplifting of mountains during the Late Miocene, specific habitat requirements, barriers including mountains and drainages and lower dispersal ability. The distributions of clades were geographic partitioned and confined in neighboring regions. Furthermore, we discovered some mountains, rivers, and provinces harbored more than one clades.RAG2analyses revealed no obvious geographic patterns among the five alleles detected. Our study depicts a relatively intact distribution map ofA. davidianusclades in natural species range and provides important knowledge that can be used to improve monitoring programs and develop a conservation strategy for this critically endangered organism.
Nondestructive inspection of sinterability of ceramic tiles by terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Niijima Seiji , Shoyama Masashi , Kawase Kodo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe sinterability of ceramic tiles was evaluated using terahertz (THz) time‐domain spectroscopy. The transmittance, complex refractive index, and reflectance of the ceramic tiles fired at various temperatures were measured in frequency range of 0.3‐1.2 THz. The relation between these THz properties and their sinterability were examined. The firing‐temperature dependences of the refractive index and reflectance at 0.5 THz showed a similar behavior as that shown by the bulk density. These results show that the THz spectroscopy can be applied to nondestructive inspection of the sinterability of ceramic tiles.
How climate affects extreme events and hence ecological population models
Authors: Rypkema Diana C. , Horvitz Carol C. , Tuljapurkar Shripad 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExtreme events significantly impact ecosystems and are predicted to increase in frequency and/or magnitude with climate change. Generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions describe most ecologically relevant extreme events, including hurricanes, wildfires, and disease spread. In climate science, the GEV is widely used as an accurate and flexible tool over large spatial scales (>105 km2) to study how changes in climate shift extreme events. However, ecologists rarely use the GEV to study how climate change affects populations. Here we show how to estimate a GEV for hurricanes at an ecologically relevant (<103 km2) spatial scale, and use the results in a stochastic, empirically based, matrix population model. As a case study, we use an understory shrub in southeast Florida, USA with hurricane‐driven dynamics and measure the effects of change using the stochastic population growth rate. We use sensitivities to analyze how population growth rate is affected by changes in hurricane frequency and intensity, canopy damage levels, and canopy recovery rates. Our results emphasize the importance of accurately estimating location‐specific storm frequency. In a rapidly changing world, our methods show how to combine realistic extreme event and population models to assess ecological impacts and to prioritize conservation actions for at‐risk populations.
Cold‐evoked potentials versus contact heat‐evoked potentials—Methodological considerations and clinical application
Authors: Hüllemann Philipp , Nerdal Annika , Sendel Manon , Dodurgali Dilara , Forstenpointner Julia , Binder Andreas , Baron Ralf 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies investigated cold‐evoked potentials (CEPs) for the assessment of the integrity of cold‐mediating A‐delta fibres and the spinothalamic tract. Nevertheless, several methodological questions remained unanswered to proceed to clinical application. How do latencies and amplitudes vary between CEPs and contact heat‐evoked potentials (CHEPs)? Are there differences between variable and fixed thermode positions or between glabrous and hairy skin? Are CEPs recordable in patients with abnormal cold processing?MethodsA total of 16 healthy subjects were tested with CEPs and CHEPs at the face, hand and foot. Variable and fixed thermode positions, hairy and glabrous skin were compared. Three patients with abnormal cold processing were tested with CEPs and quantitative sensory testing.ResultsCompared to CEPs, CHEPs latencies were significantly longer at all locations, amplitudes were significantly larger at the face and the hand whilst comparable at the foot. CEPs and CHEPs did not differ significantly between variable and fixed thermode positions using inter stimulus intervals of 8–12 s. CEP latencies were increased by around 20% at the glabrous skin. Patients with known abnormal cold processing (central pain, polyneuropathy, Fabry's disease) showed increased N2 latencies as compared to normal controls.ConclusionsInter stimulus intervals of 8‐12 s allow the use of a fixed thermode position for reliable CEPs/CHEPs recording. Hairy skin stimulation results in faster latencies as compared to glabrous skin, without influencing EP amplitudes. In patients with abnormal cold processing, CEPs are recordable and increased latencies may be expected as compared to healthy controls and the healthy contralateral side.SignificanceCold‐evoked potentials are an innovative, non‐invasive technique to assess cold detection and processing objectively. This study shows that CEP can be recorded from the hairy and glabrous skin, regardless of using fixed or variable thermode positions. Loss of A‐delta fibre function leads to an increased CEP latency, consistent with loss of cold detection in the QST.
Assessment of experimental orofacial pain, pleasantness and unpleasantness via standardized psychophysical testing
Authors: Taneja Pankaj , Olausson Håkan , Trulsson Mats , Vase Lene , Svensson Peter , Baad‐Hansen Lene 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSomatosensory assessment within the orofacial region may be performed using highly standardized quantitative sensory testing (QST). However, the function of the C‐tactile (CT) afferent, a nerve fibre linked to the perception of pleasant touch, is usually not evaluated. Furthermore, the perception of unpleasantness is also rarely assessed, a dimension not only limited to a painful experience. Therefore, the primary aim was to apply standardized QST stimuli as well as standardized pleasant stimuli and evaluate their potential capacity for evocation of perceived pain, pleasant and unpleasant sensations in the facial region.MethodsTwenty‐one female participants underwent QST as per the protocol derived from the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain. For the first time, two modified protocols were used to investigate stimuli for perceived pleasantness and unpleasantness.ResultsThermal stimuli provided separate thresholds for each sensation. From certain mechanical stimuli (e.g., vibration), overlap between the perceived sensations of pleasantness and unpleasantness was identified. It was not possible to evoke only an unpleasant sensation without a painful contribution, and both these sensations increased significantly when utilizing an increasing pinprick force (p < 0.011). Between dynamic stimuli, the brush was rated as significantly more pleasant than the cotton wool tip (p = 0.015). A quadratic model provided the best fit for velocity against mean pleasantness ratings (R2 = 0.62 ± 0.08), supporting previous CT afferent literature to some extent.ConclusionStimuli were generally not isolated to one sensation, highlighting the multidimensional construct of stimulus perception and the need for scales to capture this.SignificanceThe battery of QST tests from the DFNS protocol has been modified to investigate pleasant and unpleasant sensations. This allows the evaluation of psychophysical properties across standardized dimensions to provide a thorough view of somatosensory function and to better understand the affective spectrum of somatosensory function.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of memantine for the prevention or treatment of chronic pain
Authors: Kurian Rouvin , Raza Kazim , Shanthanna Harsha 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in pain signalling and neuroplasticity. Memantine has been shown to have analgesic properties in pre‐clinical and small clinical studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the efficacy of memantine to prevent or reduce chronic pain.Databases and data treatmentMEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched for comparative trials using memantine, either against placebo or active medications, for chronic pain in adults. Pain relief was considered our primary outcome. Meta‐analyses were conducted if outcomes were reported in two or more studies. Outcomes were reported as mean differences (MD) or risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Quality was assessed using the GRADE approach.ResultsAmong 454 citations, 15 studies were included with populations predominantly consisting of neuropathic conditions and fibromyalgia. Overall, we observed unclear reporting of randomization and allocation methods, apart from potential for publication bias. Among the 11 studies looking at chronic pain treatment, the difference in end pain score with memantine was not significant: MD = −0.58 units (95% CI −1.31, 0.14); I2 = 82% (low quality). In two surgical studies using memantine for pain prevention, memantine decreased pain intensity: MD = −1.02 units (95% CI −1.38, −0.66); I2 = 0%. Dizziness was significantly more common with memantine: RR = 4.90 (95% CI 1.26, 18.99); I2 = 52% (moderate quality).ConclusionThe current evidence regarding the use of memantine for chronic pain is limited and uncertain. Despite its potential, pain relief achieved in clinical studies is small and is associated with an increase in dizziness.SignificanceDespite a sound rationale, the benefit of using memantine for chronic pain is unclear. Our systematic review and meta‐analysis show that memantine may have the potential to decrease pain. However, it can also increase common adverse effects. Considering the small number of studies with potential for bias and inconclusive evidence, there was low to very low certainty. Hence, no clear recommendations can be made about its routine clinical use until larger and more definitive studies are conducted.
Power link functions in an ordinal regression model with Gaussian process priors
Authors: Li D. , Wang X. , Dey D. K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLink functions and random effects structures are the two important components in building flexible regression models for dependent ordinal data. The power link functions include the commonly used links as special cases but have an additional skewness parameter, making the probability response curves adaptive to the data structure. It overcomes the arbitrary symmetry assumption imposed by the commonly used logistic or probit links as well as the fixed skewness in the complementary log–log or log–log links. By employing Gaussian processes, the regression model can incorporate various dependence structures in the data, such as temporal and spatial correlations. The full Bayesian estimation of the proposed model is conveniently implemented through RStan. Extensive simulation studies are carried out for discussion in model computation, parameterization, and evaluation in terms of estimation bias and overall model performance. The proposed model is applied to the PM2.5 data in Beijing and the Berberis thunbergii abundance data in New England. The results suggest that the proposed model leads to important improvement in estimation and prediction in modeling dependent ordinal response data.
Evolution characteristics of spontaneous combustion in three zones of the goaf when using the cutting roof and release pressure technique
Authors: Chen Xiangjun , Li Liyang , Guo Zhibiao , Chang Tinghao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe changes associated with the cutting roof and release pressure mining method in the three zones that are susceptible to spontaneous combustion in the goaf with “Y” type ventilation system were studied. For the investigated underground coal mine working face, its three zones of spontaneous combustion have a “U” type ventilation system for the traditional mining method and a “Y” type ventilation system for the cutting roof and release pressure mining method. These systems were monitored using a beam tube method, and the evolution characteristics of spontaneous combustion of the three zones was analysed. The monitoring data showed that when using a traditional mining method with a “U” type ventilation system, the scattered tropical zone converts into the oxidation heating zone after 68.5 m in the goaf, and the suffocative zone presents after 85.5 m. For the cutting roof and release pressure mining method together with a “Y” type ventilation system, the scattered tropical zone converts into the oxidation heating zone after 84 m in the goaf, and the suffocative zone appears after 198.8 m. Compared to traditional mining, the width of the oxidation heating zone increases when using the cutting roof and release pressure method. To prevent spontaneous combustion of the goaf, the comprehensive techniques of the pressure balance for fire control, ground fissure sealing, working face sealing, retained roadways guniting and inert gas fire extinguishing have been used in the studied coal mine. The CO concentration of the goaf is less than 300 ppm during the mining process. Safe mining of the tested working face shows that the cutting roof and release pressure technique can be applied to control the coal seam spontaneous combustion.