bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zika-Associated Microcephaly Epidemic and Birth Rate Reduction in Brazilian Cities
Authors: Diaz-Quijano Fredi Alexander , Pelissari Daniele Maria , Chiavegatto Filho Alexandre Dias Porto 
Published: February 2018

Objectives. To estimate birth reduction potentially in response to Zika virus–associated microcephaly among the 36 largest Brazilian cities. Methods. We analyzed the number of live births per month on the basis of information on approximately 8.2 million births from all of Brazil’s state capitals and cities that had more than 10 000 annual births. Results. In the second half of 2016, the live birth rate was reduced by 7.78% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.64%, 8.89%; P < .001). This reduction was correlated with the Zika virus–associated microcephaly rate. In the cities with the highest microcephaly rate in 2015 (> 1 case per 1000 live births), the reduction in the live birth rate was 10.84% (95% CI = 8.58%, 13.04%). Conclusions. The birth rate in the largest Brazilian cities during the second half of 2016 was significantly reduced, which is potentially the effect of a birth control recommendation prompted by an epidemiological alert. Public Health Implications. The effects of population-based interventions should be weighed by considering the actual risk of disease and the sociodemographic impact of strategies such as birth control.
Storage Practices of US Gun Owners in 2016
Authors: Crifasi Cassandra K. , Doucette Mitchell L. , McGinty Emma E. , Webster Daniel W. , Barry Colleen L. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives. To examine gun storage practices and factors influencing those practices among gun owners. Methods. We conducted a nationally representative online survey of US gun owners (n = 1444) in 2016 to assess gun storage practices and attitudes, factors influencing storage practices, and groups that might effectively communicate regarding safe storage. We generated descriptive statistics by using cross-tabulations and used logistic regression to estimate characteristics that influenced safe storage practices. Results. Forty-six percent of gun owners reported safely storing all of their guns. Factors associated with higher odds of reporting safe storage were having a child in the home (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 2.03), only owning handguns (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.24, 2.73), and reporting that storage decisions were influenced by a gun safety course (AOR = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.54, 2.74) or discussions with family members (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.86). Gun owners ranked law enforcement, hunting or outdoors groups, active-duty military, and the National Rifle Association as most effective in communicating safe storage practices. Conclusions. Public health campaigns to promote safe gun storage should consider partnering with groups that garner respect among gun owners for their experience with safe use of guns.
The Inverse Equity Hypothesis: Analyses of Institutional Deliveries in 286 National Surveys
Authors: Victora Cesar Gomes , Joseph Gary , Silva Inacio C. M. , Maia Fatima S. , Vaughan J. Patrick , Barros Fernando C. , Barros Aluisio J. D. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives. To test the inverse equity hypothesis, which postulates that new health interventions are initially adopted by the wealthy and thus increase inequalities—as population coverage increases, only the poorest will lag behind all other groups. Methods. We analyzed the proportion of births occurring in a health facility by wealth quintile in 286 surveys from 89 low- and middle-income countries (1993–2015) and developed an inequality pattern index. Positive values indicate that inequality is driven by early adoption by the wealthy (top inequality), whereas negative values signal bottom inequality. Results. Absolute inequalities were widest when national coverage was around 50%. At low national coverage levels, top inequality was evident with coverage in the wealthiest quintile taking off rapidly; at 60% or higher national coverage, bottom inequality became the predominant pattern, with the poorest quintile lagging behind. Conclusions. Policies need to be tailored to inequality patterns. When top inequalities are present, barriers that limit uptake by most of the population must be identified and addressed. When bottom inequalities exist, interventions must be targeted at specific subgroups that are left behind.
Influence of Latitude on the US Great Plains East–West Precipitation Gradient
Authors: Nielsen David C. 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Precipitation changes from east to west across the US Great Plains.
The rate of change varies with latitude in a predictable manner.
Understanding the rate of change provides insights into transferring research results.
Precipitation varies greatly from east to west across the US Great Plains. Farmers would have a better means of understanding the applicability of cropping systems research done in one part of the Great Plains to their specific location if they were aware of the rate of change of precipitation with east–west direction at their latitude. The objective of this analysis was to determine if a consistent, predictive relationship exists between the east–west precipitation gradient and latitude in the Great Plains. The east–west precipitation gradient was determined for 15 transects from Texas to North Dakota. The precipitation gradient changed little from 31° N lat. to 38° N lat. and then increased systematically for latitudes further north. A quadratic polynomial relationship fit the data well (R2 = 0.967) and was used to create a simple spreadsheet decision support tool to help farmers understand how quickly precipitation changes with east–west direction at a given latitude.
Mapping Freshwater Subaqueous Soil Resources: Examples from Southern New England
Authors: Bakken Jonathan , Stolt Mark H. 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Soil series were developed for Humaquepts, Frasiwassists, and Psammentic and Aeric Frasiwassents.
GPR technology provided accurate analysis of water depth, substrate type, and organic thickness.
We identified five soil‐landscape units: lakebed, shoals, shoreline, coves, and deepwater.
Subaqueous soils are those that occur under permanently flooded or ponded environments. Few studies have investigated freshwater subaqueous soil systems. In this study, we used traditional and modified soil survey techniques to investigate subaqueous soils in three created (impoundments) and three natural freshwater lakes in southern New England. The objectives were to test the effectiveness of bathymetric maps and ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) for establishing soil–landscape relationships in freshwater subaqueous systems, compare soil types between natural and impounded systems, and investigate the genesis of these soils. Bathymetric data were collected with a fathometer to create topographic maps of the lake bottoms to delineate subaqueous landscapes. Ground penetrating radar transects were run across landscape units to test the effectiveness of this technology to identify soil properties that could be used to separate mapping units. The primary landscape units identified included lakeshores, coves, lakebeds, and shoals. Lakebed and lakeshore units comprised 71 to 90% of the landscape regardless of whether the water bodies were natural or impounded. Ground penetrating radar was effective at identifying the presence of stones and boulders at the soil surface, stratified mineral layers, and the thickness of organic soil materials. Eighty‐one pedons were characterized and classified as Frasiwassists (34), Frasiwassents (32), and Humaquepts (18). All three great groups were identified in both natural and impounded systems with Frasiwassists the dominant soil type in all of the impounded sites. The primary soil processes included melanization resulting in umbric epipedons and organic matter accumulation resulting in histic epipedons in impounded sites with dense invasive vegetation. Frassiwassists were likely developed prior to submergence in both the natural and impounded systems.
Land Use Effects on Soil Fertility and Nutrient Cycling in the Peruvian High‐Andean Puna Grasslands
Authors: Rolando Jose L. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , Ramirez David A. , Ruiz-Moreno Martín , Turin Cecilia , Mares Victor , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Quiroz Roberto 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
A short‐term increase in fertility and greater N mineralization were found in agricultural lands.
Low plant recovery and soil degradation were found in fallow soils correlated with erosion indexes.
In grass‐legume mixture pastures, improved soil structure and N build up increased soil fertility.
P was found as the limiting nutrient in the studied agroecosystem.
Expansion of crop production into high‐altitude native grasslands is occurring in the Peruvian High‐Andes due to climate change and agricultural intensification, with little understanding of the consequences to the ecosystem. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of land‐use changes on soil fertility and nutrient cycling to guide future land management. Comparisons were made between native grasslands and two alternative farming systems; the first was a system in which native grassland was replaced by an annual cash crop, maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.), followed by a long fallow and the second was a long‐standing perennial cultivated pasture. There was greater N mineralization, extractable Bray‐1 P, and K+ in recently converted maca soils relative to adjacent native grassland soils most likely caused by tillage‐induced nutrient mineralization and by incorporation of manure and native grassland residue during the first year of land preparation prior to planting maca. Soil fertility, as determined by an ex situ pot trial to measure plant yield, was correlated with plant cover, soil total organic carbon, and water stable aggregates (WSA) under fallow following maca, suggesting that soil erosion might be an issue in the long term. In cultivated pastures, we found an increase in long‐term fertility driven primarily by the build‐up of soil N and improved soil structure in the perennial grass‐legume mixture compared with adjacent native grassland. Responsible management of the Puna agroecosystem requires restoration of plant cover after annual cropping of maca or the establishment of mixed perennial cultivated pasture.
Microbial Activities and Gross Nitrogen Transformation Unaffected by Ten‐Year Nitrogen and Sulfur Addition
Authors: Kwak Jin-Hyeob , Naeth M. Anne , Chang Scott X. 
Published: February 2018

Core IdeasTen years of N and S deposition did not change microbial and enzyme activities.N and S deposition did not affect gross N transformation rates.Gross N mineralization rates were greater than gross nitrification rates.Gross NO3–immobilization rates were greater than gross nitrification rates.Studied soils were still N limited after ten years of N and S deposition.Oil sands mining in northern Alberta, Canada, emits large amounts of NOxand SO2to the atmosphere, which will eventually return to the surrounding forest ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine changes in microbial and enzyme activities, and gross nitrogen transformation rates in a boreal forest soil in response to 10 yr (2006–2015) of elevated levels of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) addition. The experiment had a two (0 vs. 30 kg N h–1yr–1, as NH4NO3) × two (0 vs. 30 kg S ha–1yr–1, as Na2SO4) factorial design with three blocks. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted using forest floor and the mineral soil (0–15 cm). Ten years of elevated N and S additions did not affect soil chemical (pH, total C, total N and available N concentrations) and microbiological properties (microbial biomass C and N, soil respiration rate, and enzyme activities related to C and N cycling) and gross N transformation rates. Gross N mineralization (0.54–0.62 and 36–49 mg N kg–1d–1for mineral soil and forest floor, respectively) and gross NH4+immobilization (0.39–0.57 and 10–19 mg N kg–1d–1, respectively) rates were tightly coupled in both soil layers. Gross NO3‐immobilization rates (20–32 mg N kg–1d–1) were significantly greater than gross nitrification rates (9–20 mg N kg–1d–1) in the forest floor. Our results suggest that the studied boreal forest soil was resilient or resistant to 10 yr of N and S addition and the studied soils were still N limited. Given the current N and S emission and deposition rates in northern Alberta, the risk for N and S deposition to significantly affect gross N transformation rates is low for the studied forest ecosystem.
Carbon source recovery from excess sludge by mechanical disintegration for biological denitrification
Authors: Zubrowska-Sudol M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The goal of the study was to evaluate the possibility of carbon source recovery from excess sludge by mechanical disintegration for biological denitrification. The total efficiency of denitrification, unit demand for organic compounds for denitrification, unit volume of disintegrated sludge and unit cost of nitrogen removal as a function of energy density used for excess sludge disintegration (70, 140 and 210 kJ/L) were analyzed. In the study a full-scale disc disintegrator was used (motor power: 30 kWh, motor speed: 2,950 rpm). It was shown that the amounts of organic compounds released from the activated sludge flocs at all tested levels of energy density are high enough to be used to intensify the removal of nitrogen compounds from wastewater. It was also documented that the energy density provided during process of disintegration was an important factor determining the characteristics of organic compounds obtained under the disintegration for their use in order to intensify the process of denitrification. The highest value of total efficiency of denitrification (50.5 ± 3.1 mg N/L) was obtained for carbon source recovery from excess sludge at 70 kJ/L, but the lowest unit cost of nitrogen removal occurred for 140 kJ/L (0.0019 ± 0.0011 EUR/g N).
On the Consistency of the Provision of Art. 13, Sec. 2, Point 3 of The Act of 14th of April 2000 on International Agreements with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland – Deliberations in Light of Arguments Presented in the Judgement of the Constitutional Tribunal in Case No. K 33/12
Authors: Bennewicz Jakub 
Published: February 2018

The paper discusses a problem of consistency of the art. 13 sec. 2 point 3 of the Polish Act of 14.4.2000 on international agreements with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The provision mentioned above introduces a case, in which a ratified agreement is amended by an agreement approved by the Polish Council of Ministers in so-called “simplified procedure”. That procedure means that the national process of entering into such agreement ends with giving a consent of the Government for signing it and no further steps to be bound by it need to be taken. International agreements adopted in the simplified procedure are not subject of ratification, therefore – according to the Polish constitutional system – they are considered as acts of internal law. Consequently, the application of art. 13 sec. 2 point 3 of the Act of 14.4.2000 on international agreements leads to a situation, in which – in the hierarchy of the Polish national law – an amended agreement is a source of universally binding law, but amendments made to its text are not. In this regard the relation between the amended and the amending provisions becomes unclear. Doubts concerning consistency of the discussed provision of the Act of 14.4.2000 on international agreements with the constitutional rule of indistinguishability of the rank of amended and amending acts of law and the procedure of adopting them are the main subject of deliberations in this paper.
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Anxiety Symptoms and Cortical Activity in Patients with Panic Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lattari Eduardo , Budde Henning , Paes Flávia , Neto Geraldo Albuquerque Maranhão , Appolinario José Carlos , Nardi Antônio Egídio , Murillo-Rodriguez Eric , Machado Sérgio 
Published: February 2018

Background:
The effects of the aerobic exercise on anxiety symptoms in patients with Panic Disorder (PD) remain unclear. Thus, the investigation of possible changes in EEG frontal asymmetry could contribute to understand the relationship among exercise, brain and anxiety.

Objective:
To investigate the acute effects of aerobic exercise on the symptoms of anxiety and the chronic effects of aerobic exercise on severity and symptoms related to PD, besides the changes in EEG frontal asymmetry.

Methods:
Ten PD patients were divided into two groups, Exercise Group (EG; n=5) and Control Group (CG; n=5), in a randomized allocation. At baseline and post-intervention, they submitted the psychological evaluation through Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), EEG frontal asymmetry, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). On the second visit, the patients of EG being submitted to the aerobic exercise (treadmill, 25 minutes, and 50-55% of heart rate reserve) and the CG remained seated for the same period of time. Both groups submitted a psychological evaluation with Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) at baseline, immediately after (Post-0), and after 10 minutes of the rest pause (Post-10). The patients performed 12 sessions of aerobic exercise with 48-72 hours of interval between sessions.

Results:
In EG, SUDS increased immediately after exercise practice and showed chronic decrease in BAI and BDI-II as well as increased in VO2max (Post-intervention).

Conclusion:
Aerobic exercise can promote increase in anxiety acutely and regular aerobic exercise promotes reduction in anxiety levels.
PERLINDUNGAN DAN PEMENUHAN HAK ANAK (Studi Tentang Orangtua Sebagai Buruh Migran Di Kabupaten Banyumas)
Authors: Indriati Noer Yuwanto , Wahyuningsih Krishnoe Kartika , S Sanyoto , S Suyadi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChildren are often the victims, good divorce, death, even the bustle of the parents to meet the necessities of life to be laborers abroad. Lack of parental attention badly the development, protection and fulfilment of children's rights. The aim of the research analyzed the protection and fulfilment of the rights of the child raised by a single parent or another. Juridical sociological approach method, the source of primary data and secondary, analyzed using interactive analysis models. Fulfillment of education, Kedondong Village the most excellent (90%), Cihonje (78.96%), Paningkaban (82.80%). The health of the six villages of good, average fulfillment such as playing, work at home, pocket money is quite good, while needs security device and community participation. IntisariAnak sering menjadi korban, baik perceraian, meninggalnya, bahkan kesibukan orang tua untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup hingga menjadi buruh di Luar Negeri. Kurangnya perhatian orang tua sangat berdampak pada perkembangan, perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak anak. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak anak yang diasuh oleh orang tua tunggal atau orang lain. Metode pendekatan yuridis sosiologis, sumber data primer dan data sekunder, dianalisa menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Hasil Penelitian adalah Pemenuhan pendidikan, Desa Kedondong yang paling baik (90%), Cihonje (78,96%), Paningkaban (82,80%). Kesehatan dari enam Desa rata-rata baik, pemenuhan hak seperti bermain, pekerjaan di rumah, uang saku cukup baik, sedangkan keamanan diperlukan keikutsertaan perangkat dan masyarakat.
GADAI ATAS JAMINAN SERTIFIKAT MEREK PADA BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Usanti Trisadini Prasastinah 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTrademark Rights in the practices of sharia banks is accepted as an object collateral for financing and burdened with pledge. Therefore, Trademark Rights is very risky because its value is not guaranteed then it is only accepted as an additional guarantee to the sharia bank. In minimizing risk, the Sharia bank shall assess that the Mark must have been registered as evidenced by the issuance of the certificate of Trademark, taking into account the period of protection of trademark and the inclusion of negative covenants and positive covenants in the pledge agreement as legal protection for sharia banks IntisariHak Atas Merek pada praktik bank syariah diterima sebagai objek jaminan pembiayaan dan dibebani dengan lembaga jaminan gadai. Oleh karena, Hak Atas Merek sangat berisiko karena nilainya tidak terjamin maka hanya diterima sebagai jaminan tambahan pada bank syariah. Dalam meminimalkan risiko, bank syariah melakukan penilaian bahwa Merek tersebut harus sudah terdaftar yang dibuktikan dengan diterbitkannya Sertifikat Merek, memperhatikan jangka waktu perlindungan merek tersebut dan pencantuman negative covenants dan positive covenants dalam perjanjian gadai sebagai perlindungan hukum bagi bank syariah.
DISKURSUS KEWENANGAN AUDIT BPK TERHADAP KEUANGAN BUMN (PERSEROAN) PASCA PUTUSAN MK NOMOR 62/PUU-XI/2013
Authors: Paputungan Merdiansa Hamsa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractConstitutional Court Decision Number: 62 / PUU-XI / 2013, confirmed the duties and authority of the Indonesian Supreme Audit Institution (BPK) in examining the management and financial responsibilities of all that elements, including the state finance of company that separated on country / region as stated in Law No. 17 Year 2003 on State Finance. This research aimed to answer three problems: (1) Does the financial state separated in State Owned Enterprises (SOE) is a state finance ?; (2) How is the authority of BPK to examine the management and responsibility of state assets set aside in the SOE after Constitutional Court Decision Number: 62 / PUU-XI / 2013 ? To answer these problems, the authors conducted a juridical-normative research involves studying legal materials in the form of Constitutional Court decisions and Laws and Regulatory Issues, and the theory of legal entities to sharpen the research results. IntisariPutusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 62/PUU-XI/2013 mengukuhkan tugas dan wewenang BPK dalam memeriksa pengelolaan dan tanggung jawab keuangan negara termasuk yang dipisahkan pada perusahaan negara/daerah sebagaimana dalam Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara. Penelitian ini ingin menjawab tiga persoalan, (1) Apakah keuangan negara yang dipisahkan pada BUMN (Perseroan) merupakan keuangan negara?; (2) Bagaimana kewenangan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan dalam memeriksa pengelolaan dan tanggungjawab kekayaan negara yang dipisahkan di BUMN (Perseroan) pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 62/PUU-XI/2013? Untuk menjawab permasalah tersebut, penulis melakukan penelitian yuridis-normatif, yakni meneliti bahan hukum berupa Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Peraturan Perundang-undangan, serta menggunakan teori badan hukum untuk mempertajam hasil penelitian.