bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nietzsche in The Office: the aesthetic justification of capitalist realism
Authors: Hanauer Tom 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
In this paper, I provide an interpretation of the American mockumentary-styled sitcom, The Office (2005–2013), as an instance of what Nietzsche calls an “aesthetic justification” of life. The Office offers an aesthetic justification of the life of lower-tiered North American white-collar workers under neoliberalism. The Office performs this function via an implicit endorsement of what Mark Fisher (2009) calls capitalist realism, or the idea that “it’s easier to imagine the end of the world than the end of capitalism.” I focus on an illuminating scene in episode 16 of Season 3, “Business School” (2007), that exemplifies this especially well. The argument is that The Office orchestrates an aesthetic justification of those aspects of our existence that cannot be justified morally under capitalism, for example, precarity, ruthless competition, and so on. In Section I, I outline Nietzsche’s conception of aesthetic justification. In Section II, I discuss the major themes of The Office, highlighting their resonance with the concerns and experiences of the workforce. In Section III, I bring these together in a Nietzschean analysis of the “Business School” scene. Finally, in Section IV, I close by offering some open-ended but critical reflections on this analysis via Adorno and the Frankfurt School.
Real-world federated learning in radiology: hurdles to overcome and benefits to gain
Authors: Bujotzek Markus Ralf , Akünal Ünal , Denner Stefan , Neher Peter , Zenk Maximilian , Frodl Eric , Jaiswal Astha , Kim Moon , Krekiehn Nicolai R , Nickel Manuel , Ruppel Richard , Both Marcus , Döllinger Felix , Opitz Marcel , Persigehl Thorsten , Kleesiek Jens , Penzkofer Tobias , Maier-Hein Klaus , Bucher Andreas , Braren Rickmer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training while keeping data locally. Currently, most FL studies in radiology are conducted in simulated environments due to numerous hurdles impeding its translation into practice. The few existing real-world FL initiatives rarely communicate specific measures taken to overcome these hurdles. To bridge this significant knowledge gap, we propose a comprehensive guide for real-world FL in radiology. Minding efforts to implement real-world FL, there is a lack of comprehensive assessments comparing FL to less complex alternatives in challenging real-world settings, which we address through extensive benchmarking.

Materials and Methods
We developed our own FL infrastructure within the German Radiological Cooperative Network (RACOON) and demonstrated its functionality by training FL models on lung pathology segmentation tasks across six university hospitals. Insights gained while establishing our FL initiative and running the extensive benchmark experiments were compiled and categorized into the guide.

Results
The proposed guide outlines essential steps, identified hurdles, and implemented solutions for establishing successful FL initiatives conducting real-world experiments. Our experimental results prove the practical relevance of our guide and show that FL outperforms less complex alternatives in all evaluation scenarios.

Discussion and Conclusion
Our findings justify the efforts required to translate FL into real-world applications by demonstrating advantageous performance over alternative approaches. Additionally, they emphasize the importance of strategic organization, robust management of distributed data and infrastructure in real-world settings. With the proposed guide, we are aiming to aid future FL researchers in circumventing pitfalls and accelerating translation of FL into radiological applications.
Assessing the impact of social determinants of health on diabetes severity and management
Authors: Ding Xiyu , Kharrazi Hadi , Nishimura Akihiko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Adverse Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) are considered major obstacles to effective management of type-2 diabetes. This study aims to quantify the impact of SDoH factors on diabetes management outcomes.

Materials and Methods
We quantified the joint impact of multiple SDoH by applying a self-control case series method—which accounts for confounding by using individuals as their own control—to electronic health record data from an academic health system in Maryland.

Results
We found a consistent increase in HbA1c levels associated with SDoH across alternative study designs. The estimated total contributions of SDoH ranged 0.014–0.065 across the alternative designs. Transportation issues demonstrated particularly significant contributions, with estimates of 0.077–0.144. When assuming SDoH’s risk window to be ±45 days, for example, the total contribution was estimated to be 0.065 (95% CI [0.010, 0.120]) increase in HbA1c and the transportation issues’ contribution 0.134 (95% CI [0.020, 0.249]).

Discussion and Conclusion
Our result suggests that reducing transportation barriers may be an effective SDoH intervention strategy for diabetes management; however, the clinical impact of such interventions warrants further investigation.
Predicting the sample size of randomized controlled trials using natural language processing
Authors: Windisch Paul , Dennstädt Fabio , Koechli Carole , Förster Robert , Schröder Christina , Aebersold Daniel M , Zwahlen Daniel R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Extracting the sample size from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains a challenge to developing better search functionalities or automating systematic reviews. Most current approaches rely on the sample size being explicitly mentioned in the abstract. The objective of this study was, therefore, to develop and validate additional approaches.

Materials and Methods
847 RCTs from high-impact medical journals were tagged with 6 different entities that could indicate the sample size. A named entity recognition (NER) model was trained to extract the entities and then deployed on a test set of 150 RCTs. The entities’ performance in predicting the actual number of trial participants who were randomized was assessed and possible combinations of the entities were evaluated to create predictive models. The test set was also used to evaluate the performance of GPT-4o on the same task.

Results
The most accurate model could make predictions for 64.7% of trials in the test set, and the resulting predictions were equal to the ground truth in 93.8%. GPT-4o was able to make a prediction on 94.7% of trials and the resulting predictions were equal to the ground truth in 90.8%.

Discussion
This study presents an NER model that can extract different entities that can be used to predict the sample size from the abstract of an RCT. The entities can be combined in different ways to obtain models with different characteristics.

Conclusion
Training an NER model to predict the sample size from RCTs is feasible. Large language models can deliver similar performance without the need for prior training on the task although at a higher cost due to proprietary technology and/or required computational power.
Characterization of microbial populations in two distinct dairy manure management systems: seasonal effect and implications for pollutant gases emissions
Authors: Fuertes Esperanza , Seradj Ahmad Reza , Balcells Joaquim , Maynegre Jordi , de la Fuente Gabriel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Following an increase in the demand for dairy products, higher quantities of manure are consequently produced, with the subsequent pollutant gas emission charge associated with its management. The 2 mostly used housing systems in the northeast of Spain, cubicles (CUB) and compost-bedded pack (CBP), entail different manure management techniques; thus, our main objective was to describe the microbiota present in the manure of both systems during 2 distinct climatic situations (winter, mean temperature of 6.2 °C; and summer, mean temperature of 36.4 °C). The secondary aim was to correlate these microbiological profiles with literature findings on the emission of certain well-known pollutant gases from manure. CBP showed to have higher alpha biodiversity as well as presenting a remarkable clustering by season but showed lower network complexity than CUB. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was found superior in CUB, which also presented a significantly higher abundance of methanogenic genera belonging to Euryarchaeota phylum, such as Methanobrevibacter, Methanosaeta or Methanosarcina. On the other hand, CBP manure presented a significant presence of Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, or Truepera, among other genera, which activity has been linked to nitrogen (N) transformation pathways in manure. The season also had a relevant role to play in the fluctuation of these populations within each housing system under study. These results show how microbial populations change when manure is differently managed, and how these variations can be related to the synthesis of certain pollutant gases in housing systems.
Characterizing local pig breeds as reservoirs for the domestic pig genetic variability worldwide via contributions to gene diversity and allelic richness
Authors: Arias Katherine D , Fernández Iván , Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , Bozzi Riccardo , Álvarez Isabel , Goyache Félix 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Contributions to gene diversity and allelic richness were computed in a total of 2,260 domestic pig genotypes, sharing 53,626 autosomal SNPs, belonging to 98 pig subpopulations worldwide (41 Asian, 696 genotypes; 20 American, 262 genotypes; and 37 European, 686 genotypes), using 616 pig samples belonging to 5 different Cosmopolitan pig breeds as an outgroup, to ascertain if local pig subpopulation can be considered reservoirs of genetic diversity for the whole domestic pig species worldwide. Assessments were carried out for the whole dataset and separately for the American-European and Asian subsets. Effective population size was computed at the subpopulation level using molecular coancestry and linkage disequilibrium information to ensure that estimates of contributions to diversity were not affected by demographic issues. Most American and European pig subpopulations tended to have favorable contributions to both gene diversity and allelic richness. However, contributions to allelic richness were more consistent than those obtained for gene diversity, whether the computations are performed using either the whole dataset or the American–Asian subset, suggesting that allelic richness can be a key parameter to identify putative reservoirs for the species. The Asian pig subpopulations never contributed favorably to the allelic richness of the domestic pig metapopulation. Although these results can partially be explained by the highly divergent origins of the American-European and the Asian pig subpopulations, it cannot be discarded that the results obtained for the Asian subpopulations are biased due to a worse calling performance of the pig SNP arrays used for genotyping. The use of other potentially less biased sources of genotypic information is advisable to compare the Asian and American-European pig subpopulations genetic diversity.
Genetic determinism of sensitivity to environmental challenges using daily feed intake records in three lines of pigs
Authors: Tusingwiire Tomasi , Garcia-Baccino Carolina , Carillier-Jacquin Céline , Ligonesche Bruno , Larzul Catherine , Vitezica Zulma G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In pig breeding, environmental challenges can affect the welfare and productivity of animals. Resilient animals have the capacity to be minimally affected by these environmental challenges. Understanding the genetic basis of sensitivity to these environmental challenges is crucial for selecting more resilient animals, thereby enhancing welfare and productivity. The aims of this study were to 1) estimate the probability of the occurrence of an unrecorded environmental challenge on a given day using daily feed intake (DFI) data and 2) evaluate the genetic determinism of environmental sensitivity in three pig lines bred in real selection conditions. Data comprised of 100,799, 186,247, and 304,826 DFI records from 1,618, 2,517, and 3,788 Landrace (LA), Large White (LW), and Piétrain (PI) male pigs, respectively. The pedigree included 3,730, 5,649, and 9,293 animals for LA, LW, and PI, respectively. The probabilities of the occurrence of an unrecorded environmental challenge on a given day were estimated via a mixture model. The probabilities (p) of being “high coefficient of variation days” were then taken as reference and used in genetic analysis as an environmental descriptor to describe the environment. DFI records were analyzed using two linear models: a linear reaction norm animal model (RNAM) and the animal model. (Co)variance components were estimated using average-information restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML). The means of the probabilities of the occurrence of an environmental challenge for LA, LW, and PI were 0.24, 0.10, and 0.22, respectively, indicating that the probability of an environmental challenge was low for most of the days. The genetic correlations between the intercept and the slope obtained from the RNAM for LA, LW, and PI were −0.52, 0.06, and −0.36, respectively. These findings suggest that selecting hypothetically for decreased DFI in nonstressful conditions would result in pigs with increased DFI in stressful conditions in the LA and PI lines, whereas it would have a minor impact on the environmental sensitivity of LW. The proportion of resilient animals for LA, LW, and PI was 75.0, 74.2, and 72.2%, respectively, implying that most of the animals were resilient. The study demonstrated that the slope of DFI is heritable and can effectively be used as an indicator of sensitivity to environmental challenges. These results are valuable in improving the resilience of livestock species to environmental challenges through genetic selection.
Impact of substrate particle size on the digging behavior of the juveniles of the smooth fan lobster Ibacus novemdentatus Gibbes, 1850 (Decapoda: Pleocyemata: Scyllaridae)
Authors: Ueda Riku , Wakabayashi Kaori 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aquaculture techniques for fan lobsters are still in an early stage of development due to the limited knowledge on their early-benthic stages. As the lobsters are diggers and thus the substrate influences their survival and growth, the physical characteristics of such substrates are a crucial environmental factor in an aquaculture setting. The appropriate size ranges of the substrate particles are nevertheless unknown. We studied the digging behavior of the juvenile of the smooth fan lobster, Ibacus novemdentatusGibbes, 1850, and examined its ability to dig into sand of different particle sizes to determine the optimal substrate conditions. Digging was completed by 100% of the juveniles in fine sand, 85.7% in medium-size sand, 25.7% in medium-coarse sand, and none in coarse sand. Juvenile digging involves three stages: searching for a location to dig, inserting the tail fan, and submerging into the sediment. The median length of time from the beginning of the experiment to the commencement of tail insertion in juveniles that completed digging did not differ significantly (P = 0.97) with the particle size. Juveniles placed on the substrate with medium-size and medium-coarse sand took significantly longer (P &lt; 0.01) from the start of tail insertion to the complete submersion than those on fine sand. Considering the success rates of digging and the time required to complete digging, fine sand was the most appropriate substrate among the tested particle-size ranges. The juveniles that failed to complete the digging repeated a digging position and attempted to insert their tail fan into the sand without submerging. These juveniles took a significantly longer time (P &lt; 0.05) to attempt to insert their tail fan than the juveniles that successfully completed digging, suggesting that juveniles placed on inappropriate substrates may spend more energy on digging and become more stressed.
Diversity, environments, and biogeography of Homoloida (Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Late Jurassic to the present
Authors: Shaffer Austin B , Schweitzer Carrie E 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe section Homoloida with the sole superfamily Homoloidea comprises both extinct and extant brachyuran crab taxa, with records ranging from the Tithonian (Jurassic) to the present. Examination of fossil and modern occurrence records for this clade provides insight into the biogeography, biodiversity, and environmental preference of the homoloid crabs over time. The fossil record of Homoloidea, comprised of the families Tithonohomolidae, Mithracitidae, Homolidae, Latreilliidae, and Poupiniidae, is global in distribution and peaks in diversity during the uppermost Cretaceous with the most recent fossils known from the Miocene. Modern homoloids are absent from only a handful of regions globally, with particularly high diversity and abundance in the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Comparison of interpreted depositional environments for fossil occurrences and depth records for modern occurrences sheds light on the environmental preferences and potential spatial sampling biases of this clade. By assessing both fossil and modern records of Homoloidea, patterns (e.g., absence from cold-water latitudes, Oligo-Miocene disappearance from the northeastern Pacific) emerge that may have important implications for future study of this clade, particularly in relation to dispersal/turnover events and environmental constraints.
Evolution of mate harm resistance in females from Drosophila melanogaster populations selected for faster development and early reproduction
Authors: Verma Tanya , Das Susnato , Dhodi Lobo Saunri , Mishra Ashish Kumar , Bhattacharyya Soumi , Nandy Bodhisatta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Interlocus sexual conflict is predicted to result in sexually antagonistic coevolution between male competitive traits, which are also female-detrimental, and mate harm resistance (MHR) in females. Little is known about the connection between life history evolution and sexually antagonistic coevolution. Here, we investigated the evolution of MHR in a set of experimentally evolved populations, where mate-harming ability has been shown to have substantially reduced in males as a correlated response to the selection for faster development and early reproduction. We measured mortality and fecundity in females of these populations and those in their matched controls under different male exposure conditions. We observed that the evolved females were more susceptible to mate harm—suffering from significantly higher mortality under continuous exposure to control males within the 20-day assay period. Though these evolved females are known to have shorter lifespan substantially higher mortality was not observed under virgin and single-mating conditions. We used fecundity data to show that this higher mortality in the experimentally evolved females was not due to the cost of egg production and hence can only be attributed to reduced MHR. Further analysis indicated that this decreased MHR is unlikely to be due purely to the smaller size of these females. Instead, it is more likely to be an indirect experimentally evolved response attributable to the changed breeding ecology and/or male trait evolution. Our results underline the implications of changes in life history traits, including lifespan, for the evolution of MHR in females.
Identifying key monitoring areas for tree insect pest risks in China under climate change
Authors: Zhang Fei-Xue , Li Hong-Li , Wan Ji-Zhong , Wang Chun-Jing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Climate change can exacerbate pest population growth, posing significant threats to ecosystem functions and services, social development, and food security. Risk assessment is a valuable tool for effective pest management that identifies potential pest expansion and ecosystem dispersal patterns. We applied a habitat suitability model coupled with priority protection planning software to determine key monitoring areas (KMA) for tree insect pest risks under climate change and used forest ecoregions and nature reserves to assess the ecological risk of insect pest invasion. Finally, we collated the prevention and control measures for reducing future pest invasions. The KMA for tree insect pests in our current and future climate is mainly concentrated in eastern and southern China. However, with climate change, the KMA gradually expands from southeastern to northeastern China. In the current and future climate scenarios, ecoregions requiring high monitoring levels were restricted to the eastern and southern coastal areas of China, and nature reserves requiring the highest monitoring levels were mainly distributed in southeastern China. Tree insect pest invasion assessment using ecoregions and nature reserves identified that future climates increase the risk of pest invasions in forest ecoregions and nature reserves, especially in northeastern China. The increased risk and severity of tree insect pest invasions require implementing monitoring and preventative measures in these areas. We effectively assessed the pest invasion risks using forest ecoregions and nature reserves under climate change. Our assessments suggest that monitoring and early prevention should focus on southeastern and northeastern China.
Risk zoning of Gynaephora alpherakii (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wen Xuanye , Yang Ding , You Feng , Li Xiaopeng , Tang Bingmin , He Chuanjie , Wang Rulin , Wang Bingyu , Li Tao , Chai Shouquan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Gynaephora alpherakii (Grum-Grschimailo) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is a major pest in alpine meadow areas in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and causes severe losses in the local livestock production industry. Assessing areas at high risk for G. alpherakii infestation is critical for the effective management of this pest. In this study, an ensemble distribution model was used to analyze areas suitable for G. alpherakii on the QTP. Risk zoning was performed based on the vegetation and environmental conditions in areas with high-occurrence points, and differences between high-occurrence points and other occurrence points were compared. The results revealed that the suitable areas for G. alpherakii on the QTP amounted to 28.27 × 104 hm2, accounting for 10.94% of the total area of the QTP; the area of high-risk was 19.07 × 104 hm2, and these areas were located mainly in the eastern part of the QTP. Qinghai Province had the highest risk, accounting for 77% of the total area identified as high-risk. In terms of habitat, G. alpherakii preferred alpine Kobresia meadows, which have abundant sunshine, loose soil, and scarce precipitation. This study supports efforts to manage G. alpherakii outbreaks and contributes to the ecological protection of the QTP.