bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signatures of Holocene Hydrological Processes from Sedimentary Archives in Southwestern India: Case Studies from Wetlands of Kerala Coast
Authors: Kumaran K. P. N. , Padmalal D. , Limaye Ruta B. , Mohan S. Vishnu 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The subsurface sediments of the Kerala coast provided signatures of hydrological processes that have influenced in the modifications and conversion of larger part of the lowland and the forest cover into a major wetland system during the Holocene which in turn has transformed into one of the best carbon sinks in the Indian subcontinent. The most significant and well recognized signature is the paleoflood event during the Early to Middle Holocene coinciding with the Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO). The excessive rainfall seems to have flooded the entire forest area in the coastal plains and the forests that flourished in the abandoned river channels and other low-lying areas in the midland. Formation of peat and peat land development in the inland region, but not far away from the coast, towards the Middle Holocene has been another important imprint of the hydrological process. Occurrence of peat sequence of 1-3 m at shallower depths stands testimony to such episodes. The other recognized imprints include the erosion and reworking of older sediments that contain the Neogene pollen elements and development of bay head deltas and other alluvial deposits in the mouth of the rivers. The mangrove dynamics too provided sufficient evidence of their prevalence, stability and decreasing tendency depending up on the hydrological regimes during the Holocene. Though episodes related to mud bank formation, as of now, are restricted to recent times, sediment archives, dated as Late Holocene, revealed scope for decoding the signatures of hydrological and geological processes associated with the monsoon vicissitudes.
Identifying Water Storage Variation in Krishna Basin, India from in situ and Satellite based Hydrological Data
Authors: Munagapati H. , Yadav R. , Tiwari V. M. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Terrestrial water storage (TWS), a sum total of water stored on or beneath the earth’s surface, transits in response to hydro-climatic processes such as precipitation, evapo-transpiration, runoff etc. and serves an indicator of hydrological condition of a region. We analyse spatio-temporal variance of water storage in Krishna Basin, India, derived from in-situ groundwater data and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data in order to determine physical causes of variations, and compare the variance with climatic factors such as Cumulative Rainfall Departure (CRD) and drought index i.e. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). GRACE satellite based TWS is found to reflect in-situ groundwater changes and also shows a relationship with drought patterns as indicated by a good correlation with SPI. The largest part of TWS represents seasonal flux, and at an interannual scale, TWS depicts spatio-temporal variability in response to drought index viz. SPI. We infer that the groundwater storage derived from GRACE time-variable gravity solutions can be utilised to complement in-situ observations at basin scale and it reflects climatic forcing quite well.
The Coastal Springs of Southern Kerala, SW India – Hydrology and Water Quality Assessment
Authors: Maya K. , Das Prasenjit , Sreelash K. , Babu K. Narendra 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Spring water is a reliable source of potable water in many parts of the world. Uplifted coasts of the Southern Kerala host many high yielding cold water springs which emerge from the sand - clay interface of the Neogene outcrops. Lack of adequate studies on the hydrological and water quality aspects of these springs is challenging the wise use and management of these springs. Therefore, an attempt has been made to map the locations and study the water quality of the free-falling type of springs emerging from the Neogene outcrops exposed on the cliffed coasts of Southern Kerala, especially falling within the jurisdiction of Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram districts. A total of 31 springs from four distinct geomorphic settings has been located in our survey conducted in 2008-2009 period. But, our recent survey carried out in March 2017 revealed that about 10 % of the springs were dried out due to various reasons. The total spring water discharge during 2017 was about 450 liters/minute against the total discharge of 800 liters/minute in 2007-08 period. In general, the hydrochemistry of spring waters is dominated by alkali and strong acids, i.e. alkali-chloride type. Most of the hydrochemical parameters exhibit a great degree of seasonal and spatial variations and are well within the permissible limits (with the exception of pH) for all four groups of springs. The low mineral contents may be attributed to minimal weathering from silicate-rich rocks and insignificant leaching from soil due to infiltration from anthropogenic activities. The spring water quality in all the four groups of the study area is bacteriologically contaminated and therefore proper disinfection is required before human consumption. Most of the spring water samples are classified to be “excellent to good” for irrigation and is not expected to cause any salinity hazard.
The prognostic significance of repeated prehospital shocks for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival
Authors: Cournoyer Alexis , Notebaert Éric , Cossette Sylvie , Londei-Leduc Luc , de Montigny Luc , Ross Dave , Lamarche Yoan , Potter Brian J. , Vadeboncoeur Alain , Daoust Raoul , Sokoloff Catalina , Albert Martin , Bernard Francis , Morris Judy , Paquet Jean , Chauny Jean-Marc , Iseppon Massimiliano , Marquis Martin , de Champlain François , Cavayas Yiorgos Alexandros , Denault André 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesPatients suffering from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) associated with an initial shockable rhythm have a better prognosis than their counterparts. The implications of recurrent or refractory malignant arrhythmia in such context remain unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between the number of prehospital shocks delivered and survival to hospital discharge among patients in OHCA.MethodsThis cohort study included adult patients with an initial shockable rhythm over a 5-year period from a registry of OHCA in Montreal, Canada. The relationship between the number of prehospital shocks delivered and survival to discharge was described using dynamic probabilities. The association between the number of prehospital shocks delivered and survival to discharge was assessed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1,788 patients (78% male with a mean age of 64 years) were included in this analysis, of whom 536 (30%) received treatments from an advanced care paramedic. A third of the cohort (583 patients, 33%) survived to hospital discharge. The probability of survival was highest with the first shock (33% [95% confidence interval 30%-35%]), but decreased to 8% (95% confidence interval 4%-13%) following nine shocks. A higher number of prehospital shocks was independently associated with lower odds of survival (adjusted odds ratio=0.88 [95% confidence interval 0.85-0.92], p < 0.001).ConclusionSurvival remains possible even after a high number of shocks for patients suffering from an OHCA with an initial shockable rhythm. However, requiring more shocks is independently associated with worse survival.
Emergency overcrowding and access block: A smaller problem than we think
Authors: Innes Grant D. , Sivilotti Marco L.A. , Ovens Howard , McLelland Kirstie , Dukelow Adam , Kwok Edmund , Chopra Anil , Cheng Ivy , Kalla Dan , Mackinnon David , Kim Sing Chad , Barclay Neil , Ross Terry , Chochinov Alecs 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesEmergency department (ED) access block, the inability to provide timely care for high acuity patients, is the leading safety concern in First World EDs. The main cause of ED access block ishospital access blockwith prolonged boarding of inpatients in emergency stretchers. Cumulative emergency access gap, the product of the number of arriving high acuity patients and their average delay to reach a care space, is a novel access measure that provides a facility-level estimate of total emergency care delays. Many health leaders believe these delays are too large to be solved without substantial increases in hospital capacity. Our objective was to quantify cumulative emergency access blocks (the problem) as a fraction of inpatient capacity (the potential solution) at a large sample of Canadian hospitals.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we collated 2015 administrative data from 25 Canadian hospitals summarizing patient inflow and delays to ED care space. Cumulative access gap for high acuity patients was calculated by multiplying the number of Canadian Triage Acuity Scale (CTAS) 1-3 patients by their average delay to reach a care space. We compared cumulative ED access gap to available inpatient bed hours to estimate fractional access gap.ResultsStudy sites included 16 tertiary and 9 community EDs in 12 cities, representing 1.79 million patient visits. Median ED census (interquartile range) was 66,300 visits per year (58,700-80,600). High acuity patients accounted for 70.7% of visits (60.9%-79.0%). The mean (SD) cumulative ED access gap was 46,000 stretcher hours per site per year (± 19,900), which was 1.14% (± 0.45%) of inpatient capacity.ConclusionED access gaps are large and jeopardize care for high acuity patients, but they are small relative to hospital operating capacity. If access block were viewed as a “whole hospital” problem, capacity or efficiency improvements in the range of 1% to 3% could profoundly mitigate emergency care delays.
CIRCUITS OF POWER: CHINA'S QUEST FOR CABLE TELEGRAPH RIGHTS 1912–1945
Authors: Wei Shuge 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThis article examines China’s efforts to restore cable telegraph rights from the establishment of the Republic of China to the end of World War II. Challenging the conventional dichotomy of “Chinese” and “Western” actors in rights recovery issues, this article explores the intricate power relations between foreign cable companies, international interests groups and various political factions in China. It analyses China’s reclaim of cable sovereignty in three phases, each characterised by a particular controversy—the intra-clique struggle of the Communications Clique during the early Republic and the warlord era; the rivalry between the Nationalist Party, military and the state during the Nanjing decade; and the direct Sino-Japanese conflict during wartime. The article presents the argument that for the various interest groups, ideologies such as imperialism and nationalism served as rhetoric in their respective pursuits. It was the daily political tensions that played a crucial role in shaping how cable policies were devised.
Emotional Arousal Predicts Voting on the U.S. Supreme Court
Authors: Dietrich Bryce J. , Enos Ryan D. , Sen Maya 
Published: November 2018

Do judges telegraph their preferences during oral arguments? Using the U.S. Supreme Court as our example, we demonstrate that Justices implicitly reveal their leanings during oral arguments, even before arguments and deliberations have concluded. Specifically, we extract the emotional content of over 3,000 hours of audio recordings spanning 30 years of oral arguments before the Court. We then use the level of emotional arousal, as measured by vocal pitch, in each of the Justices’ voices during these arguments to accurately predict many of their eventual votes on these cases. Our approach yields predictions that are statistically and practically significant and robust to including a range of controls; in turn, this suggests that subconscious vocal inflections carry information that legal, political, and textual information do not.
Effect of dietary interventions in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review
Authors: McGrattan Andrea M. , McEvoy Claire T. , McGuinness Bernadette , McKinley Michelle C. , Woodside Jayne V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiet has been investigated in relation to its ability to promote cognitive function. However, evidence is currently limited and has rarely been systematically reviewed, particularly in a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) population. This review examined the effect of diet on cognitive outcomes in MCI patients. A total of five databases were searched to find randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies, with diet as the main focus, in MCI participants. The primary outcome was incident dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease (AD) and secondary outcomes included cognitive function across different domains using validated neuropsychological tests. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. There was a high degree of heterogeneity relating to the nature of the dietary intervention and cognitive outcomes measured, thus making study comparisons difficult. Supplementation with vitamin E (one study, n 516), ginkgo biloba (one study, n 482) or Fortasyn Connect (one study, n 311) had no significant effect on progression from MCI to dementia and/or AD. For cognitive function, the findings showed some improvements in performance, particularly in memory, with the most consistent results shown by B vitamins, including folic acid (one study, n 266), folic acid alone (one study, n 180), DHA and EPA (two studies, n 36 and n 86), DHA (one study, n 240) and flavonol supplementation (one study, n 90). The findings indicate that dietary factors may have a potential benefit for cognitive function in MCI patients. Further well-designed trials are needed, with standardised and robust measures of cognition to investigate the influence of diet on cognitive status.
Hospital Discharge Decisions Concerning Older Patients: Understanding the Underlying Process
Authors: Koskas Pierre , Pons-Peyneau Cécile , Romdhani Mouna , Houenou-Quenum Nadège , Galleron Sandrine , Drunat Olivier 
Published: November 2018

RÉSUMÉL’hospitalisation des personnes âgées s’accompagnent d’un risque de déclin fonctionnel, et d’une grande fréquence de réadmission. Nous avons cherché à comprendre les processus de prise de décisions cliniques qui influencent l’orientation des patients âgés après leur sortie de l’hôpital. Les procédures déterminant l’orientation d’un patient âgé après une hospitalisation en service aigu ne sont pas claires. Nous avons comparé les décisions d’orientation (retour à domicile ou maison de retraite) réalisées par l’équipe avec celles d’un groupe d’experts; les décisions étaient prises de manière indépendante et aveugle. Cent deux (102) patients ont été inclus (âge moyen : 83,13 ± 6,74). Il existe une différence statistiquement significative entre les décisions des experts et de l’équipe (p <.001 ; coefficient kappa : 0,468). Les décisions du panel étaient plus étroitement associées à l’isolement (p = 0,018), aux aidants fiables (p = 0,004), aux problèmes sociaux (p = 0,001), et à la présence de comportements perçus comme agressifs (p = 0,001). Les deux processus de décision ont pris en compte le refus de soins (p = 0,025 et 0,016 respectivement) et les problèmes sociaux (p = 0,001 et < 0,001 respectivement). Les modalités de sortie des hôpitaux diffèrent selon les pays, les équipes et le type de patients, mais notre étude suggère la nécessité d’une évaluation plus précise des besoins du patient.
Using social media to assess the consumer nutrition environment: comparing Yelp reviews with a direct observation audit instrument for grocery stores
Authors: Shen Ying , Clarke Philippa , Gomez-Lopez Iris N , Hill Alex B , Romero Daniel M , Goodspeed Robert , Berrocal Veronica J , Vydiswaran VG Vinod , Veinot Tiffany C 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the feasibility of using social media to assess the consumer nutrition environment by comparing sentiment expressed in Yelp reviews with information obtained from a direct observation audit instrument for grocery stores.DesignTrained raters used the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S) in 100 grocery stores from July 2015 to March 2016. Yelp reviews were available for sixty-nine of these stores and were retrieved in February 2017 using the Yelp Application Program Interface. A sentiment analysis was conducted to quantify the perceptions of the consumer nutrition environment in the review text. Pearson correlation coefficients (ρ) were used to compare NEMS-S scores with Yelp review text on food availability, quality, price and shopping experience.SettingDetroit, Michigan, USA.ParticipantsNone.ResultsYelp reviews contained more comments about food availability and the overall shopping experience than food price and food quality. Negative sentiment about food prices in Yelp review text and the number of dollar signs on Yelp were positively correlated with observed food prices in stores (ρ=0·413 and 0·462, respectively). Stores with greater food availability were rated as more expensive on Yelp. Other aspects of the food store environment (e.g. overall quality and shopping experience) were captured only in Yelp.ConclusionsWhile Yelp cannot replace in-person audits for collecting detailed information on the availability, quality and cost of specific food items, Yelp holds promise as a cost-effective means to gather information on the overall cost, quality and experience of food stores, which may be relevant for nutrition outcomes.
Patterns of practice in palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases in UK centres
Authors: Khan Nida , Green David 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is abundant evidence of the comparative efficacy of single-fraction (SF) radiotherapy and multi-fraction (MF) radiotherapy when treating patients with bone metastases. Despite this, previous surveys have shown SF schedules to be underutilised.AimTo determine current patterns of practice in patients with bone metastasis and to investigate the factors that influence practice.MethodAn electronic audit was performed amongst 46 physicians, within 7 hospital trusts in the UK. The audit comprised of four hypothetical cases in which consultants and registrars chose which dose and fractionation they would recommend and their reasons for this recommendation.ResultsSF radiotherapy was the most common radiotherapy schedule in hypothetical cases 1, 3 and 4. SF radiotherapy was recommended by 65% of respondents in case 1, 47% in case 2, 89% in case 3 and 46% in case 4. For case 2, 50% proposed MF radiotherapy. For case 4, 22% of respondents recommended Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SABR). The following deciding factors were cited as influencing choice of an SF schedule: prognosis, published evidence, performance status and spinal cord compression.ConclusionThe most common radiotherapy schedule selected was SF. However, there were inter-institution differences regarding the use of SF radiotherapy. Furthermore, the survey had shown that a third of respondents recommended an MF regime, despite evidence supporting the efficacy of an SF schedule.
A Method of Stacking AltiKa Repeat Cycle Data that May Reveal 75,000+ Possible Small Seamounts
Authors: Marks K. M. , Smith W. H. F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe SARAL AltiKa radar altimeter measured sea surface height along ground tracks that were regularly revisited by repeating cycles. We devised an automated method of “stacking” the repeat cycles that aligns them to common positions along a model track, selects segments that pass quality criteria, removes the non‐geoidal height and height error from each repeat profile, and calculates the median height profile. This procedure reinforces geoid signals while reducing measurement noise and height signals produced by ocean dynamics. A seamount detection filter applied to the median profiles reveals 75,208 possible small seamounts along AltiKa ground tracks globally. Of these, 4824 are located over multibeam surveys. Seamount heights estimated by subtracting regional depths from the multibeam depths follow a Poisson statistical distribution that suggests at least 84% are less than 2 km tall. A 1 km along‐track sampling of the stacked repeat cycles is available from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) data repository.
Pinatubo Volcanic Eruption Exacerbated an Abrupt Coral Mortality Event in 1991 Summer
Authors: Wu Chung‐Che , Shen Chuan‐Chou , Lo Li , Hsin Yi‐Chia , Yu Kefu , Chang Ching‐Chih , Lam Doan Dinh , Chou Yu‐Min , Liu Yi , Pallister John , Song Sheng‐Rong , Chiang Hong‐Wei , Burr George S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWidespread coral bleaching and mortality associated with global warming have occurred frequently since the phenomenon was first documented in the early 1980s. One such episode that occurred in 1991 over the tropical Pacific‐Indian Ocean region has been attributed to high summer sea surface temperatures. However, we found that sea surface temperature values from the South China Sea region do not provide a comprehensive explanation for the event. Our results, based on time series records of rare earth elements, trace element Al/Ca ratios, and microdomain images from corals in the South China Sea, suggest that this coral mortality event was exacerbated by heavy ash fallout from the cataclysmic 1991 volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Our findings highlight the profound impact of a volcanic eruption on the modern vulnerable coral reef ecosystems, already under the stress of global warming.
Indirect Influence of Humidity on Atmospheric Spectra Near 4 μm
Authors: Hartmann J.‐M. , Armante R. , Toon G. C. , Scott N. , Tran H. , Crevoisier C. , Chédin A. , Capelle V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe give the first demonstration that humidity has indirect effects on atmospheric spectra near 4 μm, through the influence of collisions with H2O on both the collision‐induced band of N2 and the wings of the CO2 lines. This is shown by comparing computed and measured values of atmospheric transmissions and outgoing radiances. The usual assumption that collisions with H2O and dry air have equal effect on the N2 and CO2 absorptions leads to significantly underestimated absorptions for humid atmospheres. This bias is considerably reduced when the influences of H2O on the N2 and CO2 contributions to the spectra are taken into account using proper spectroscopic models. This opens perspectives of increased accuracy near 4 μm where the atmosphere is relatively transparent, for astronomical observations of outer objects from ground as well as for retrievals of the Earth land/sea surface temperatures from radiances recorded from space.