bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity, but not hypohydration, mediates changes in mental task load during passive heating in females
Authors: Caldwell Aaron R. , Burchfield Jenna , Moyen Nicole E. , Tucker Matthew A. , Butts Cory L. , Elbin R.J. , Ganio Matthew S. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe independent effects of hypohydration and hyperthermia on cognition and mood is unclear since the two stresses often confound each other. Further, it is unknown if obese individuals have the same impairments during hyperthermia and hypohydration that is often observed in non-obese individuals.MethodsThe current study was designed to assess the independent and combined effects of mild hypohydration and hyperthermia on cognition, mood, and mental task load in obese and non-obese females. Twenty-one healthy females participated in two passive heating trials, wherein they were either euhydrated or hypohydrated prior to and throughout passive heating. Cognition (ImPACT), mental task load (NASA-TLX), and mood (Brunel Mood Scale; BRUMS) were measured before and after a 1.0 °C increase in core temperature (TC).ResultsAfter a 1.0 °C TCelevation, hypohydration resulted in greater (p < 0.05) body mass loss (−1.14 ± 0.48 vs −0.58 ± 0.48 kg; hypohydrated and euhydrated, respectively) and elevation in serum osmolality (292 ± 4 vs 282 ± 3 mOsm;p < 0.05) versus euhydration. Hypohydration, independent of hyperthermia, did not affect mental task load or mood (p > 0.05). Hyperthermia, regardless of hydration status, impaired (∼5 A.U) measures of memory-based cognition (verbal and visual memory), and increased mental task load, while worsening mood (p < 0.05). Interestingly, obese individuals had increased mental task load while hyperthermic compared to the non-obese individuals (p < 0.05) even while euhydrated. Hypohydration did not exacerbate any heat-related effects on cognition between obese and non-obese females (p > 0.05).ConclusionThese data indicate that hyperthermia independently impairs memory-based aspects of cognitive performance, mental task load, and leads to a negative mood state. Mild hypohydration did not exacerbate the effects of hyperthermia. However, obese individuals had increased mental task load during hyperthermia.
Surface Defect Passivation of Silicon Micropillars
Authors: Mikulik Dmitry , Meng Andrew C. , Berrazouane Riad , Stückelberger Josua , Romero‐Gomez Pablo , Tang Kechao , Haug Franz‐Josef , Fontcuberta i Morral Anna , McIntyre Paul C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReactive ion etching (RIE) used to fabricate high‐aspect‐ratio (HAR) nano/microstructures is known to damage semiconductor surfaces which enhances surface recombination and limits the conversion efficiency of nanostructured solar cells. Here, defect passivation of ultrathin Al2O3‐coated Si micropillars (MPs) using different surface pretreatment steps is reported. Effects on interface state density are quantified by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy which is used to extract quantitative capacitance–voltage and conductance–voltage characteristics from HAR dielectric–semiconductor structures which would otherwise suffer from high gate leakage currents if tested using solid‐state metal–insulator–semiconductor structures. High‐temperature thermal oxidation to form a sacrificial oxide on RIE‐fabricated Si MPs, followed by atomic layer deposition of 4 nm thick Al2O3 after removal of the sacrificial layer produces an interface trap density (D it) as low as 1.5 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1 at the mid‐gap energy of silicon. However, a greatly reduced mid‐gap D it (2 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1) is possible even with a simple air annealing procedure having a maximum temperature of 400 °C.
Reconfigurable XOR and INHIBIT Logic Gates Based on Multifuel‐Driven Mg/Al Janus Micromotor
Authors: Sun Yunyu , Li Mingtong , Duan Ruomeng , Zhang Dafeng , Zhang Hui , Song Bo , Dong Bin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, an aluminum‐coated magnesium microsphere (Mg/Al) micromotor, which possesses a Janus structure, is reported. Due to the versatile chemical reactivity originating from magnesium and aluminum, the Mg/Al Janus micromotor can be propelled by multiple fuels. It cannot only exhibit moving behavior in the presence of acid and base solution, but also be able to move in the salt solution. Interestingly, both the moving direction (toward either Mg or Al side), the motion start and stop of the Mg/Al micromotor can be controlled by the fuel or the combination of different fuels because of the different reactivities of Mg and Al. Based on the multifuel‐driven property and various motion behaviors, this micromotor has great potentials in the field of logic gate. Among others, when using different stimuli as the inputs and the micromotor motion as the output, reconfigurable XOR and INHIBIT logic gates can be achieved.
High‐Speed OLEDs and Area‐Emitting Light‐Emitting Transistors from a Tetracyclic Lactim Semiconducting Polymer
Authors: Ahmad Viqar , Shukla Atul , Sobus Jan , Sharma Anirudh , Gedefaw Desta , Andersson Gunther G. , Andersson Mats R. , Lo Shih‐Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDevelopment of a new class of luminescent materials that show high‐speed response, high charge carrier mobility, and high brightness is desirable toward realization of next generation of devices, such as electrically pumped organic lasers, visible light communication instruments, and organic light‐emitting transistors. In this paper, high‐speed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and high‐performance hybrid light‐emitting transistors from a new type of solution processable luminescent material, poly[thiophene‐2,5‐diyl‐alt‐5,10‐bis((2‐hexyldecyl)oxy)dithieno[3,2‐c:3′,2′‐h][1,5]naphthyridine‐2,7‐diyl] (PTNT), are reported. The OLEDs based on PTNT polymer exhibit a peak brightness of 8 × 105 cd m−2 and 40 MHz modulation frequency under 10 ns pulse operation. This modulation frequency is significantly higher than that of commercially available LEDs, used for visible light communication. Additionally, solution‐processed area‐emitting hybrid light‐emitting transistors with an external quantum yield of 0.25% at brightness of 250 cd m−2 are demonstrated. Finally, the paper provides device physics and optoelectronic properties of PTNT polymer using ultraviolet photon spectroscopy, inversed photoelectron spectroscopy, and photophysical measurements.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral gem‐Bis(boryl)alkanes
Authors: Teo Wei Jie , Ge Shaozhong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe report an asymmetric synthesis of enantioenriched gem‐bis(boryl)alkanes in an enantioselective diborylation of 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes catalyzed by Co(acac)2/(R)‐DM‐segphos. A range of activated and unactivated alkenes underwent this asymmetric diborylation in the presence of cyclooctene as a hydrogen acceptor, affording the corresponding gem‐bis(boryl)alkanes with high enantioselectivity. The synthetic utility of these chiral organoboronate compounds was demonstrated through several stereospecific derivatizations and the synthesis of sesquiterpene and sesquiterpenoid natural products.
Unique Supramolecular Liquid‐Crystal Phases with Different Two‐Dimensional Crystal Layers
Authors: Hu Yi , Wu Kuan‐Yi , Zhu Tiantian , Shen Peng , Zhou Yi , Li Xiaohong , Wang Chien‐Lung , Tu Yingfeng , Li Christopher Y. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe report herein a series of tetrablock‐mimic azobenzene‐containing [60]fullerene dyads that form supramolecular liquid crystals (LCs) from phase‐segregated two‐dimensional (2D) crystals. The unique double‐, triple‐, and quadruple‐layer packing structure of fullerenes in the 2D crystals leads to different smectic supramolecular LC phases, and novel LC phase transitions were observed upon changes in the fullerene packing layer number in the 2D crystals. Interestingly, by combining the LC properties with 2D crystals, these materials show excellent electron mobility in the order of 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, despite their relatively low fullerene content. Our results provide a novel method to manipulate 2D crystal layer thickness, with promising applications in optoelectronic devices.
Photochromic Benzo[b]phosphole Alkynylgold(I) Complexes with Mechanochromic Property to Serve as Multistimuli‐Responsive Materials
Authors: Wu Nathan Man‐Wai , Ng Maggie , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA series of novel benzo[b]phosphole alkynylgold(I) complexes has been demonstrated to display photochromic and mechanochromic properties upon applying the respective stimuli of light and mechanical force. Promising multistimuli‐responsive properties of this series of gold(I) complexes have been successfully achieved through judicious molecular design, which involves incorporation of the photochromic dithienylethene‐containing benzo[b]phosphole into the triphenylamine‐containing arylethynyl ligand that is susceptible to mechanical force‐induced color changes via gold(I) complexation. With excellent thermal irreversibility and robust fatigue resistance of this series of gold(I) complexes, multicolor states controlled by the photochromism and mechanochromism have been realized. Repeatable photochromic and mechanochromic cycles without apparent loss of reactivity have also been observed under ambient conditions. The present work provides important insight and an alternative strategy for the molecular design of multistimuli‐responsive materials, paving the way for further development of the underexplored photoresponsive gold(I) complexes and the multistate photocontrolled system.
Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Remote C(sp3)−H Bonds in Carboxamides and Sulfonamides
Authors: Li Zhaodong , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReported herein is an unprecedented copper‐catalyzed arylation of remote C(sp3)−H bonds. Stirring a trifluorotoluene solution of either N‐fluorocarboxamides or N‐fluorosulfonamides and arylboronic acids in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(II) trifluoroacetylacetonate, 2,2′‐bipyridine, and sodium tert‐butoxide afforded the γ‐ and δ‐C(sp3)−H arylated carboxamides and sulfonamides, respectively, in good to high yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction might proceed through an amidyl radical generation, 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), and copper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of the resulting carbon radical with arylboronic acids.
Autocatalytic Synthesis of Bifluoride Ionic Liquids by SuFEx Click Chemistry
Authors: Hmissa Taha , Zhang Xiaofei , Dhumal Nilesh R. , McManus Gregory J. , Zhou Xu , Nulwala Hunaid B. , Mirjafari Arsalan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIonic liquids with bifluoride anions possess properties such as high conductivity, wide electrochemical windows, and low viscosity that make them attractive materials for various electrochemical devices. However, owing to the lack of reliable synthetic routes, bifluoride‐based ionic liquids have seldom been explored. Herein, an autocatalytic strategy for the HF‐free synthesis of bifluoride‐based sulfonamide ionic liquids based on the sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction is reported. This reaction requires no chromatographic purification, and yields are quantitative. The thermophysical properties (phase transition behavior and decomposition temperature) and electrochemical stabilities of the resulting products were studied. The products with alkyl, aryl, and perfluoroalkyl side chains exhibited extraordinarily wide electrochemical windows (up to 6.0 V) with reproducible results among multiple replicate measurements.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive [5+1] Cycloaddition of 3‐Acetoxy‐1,4‐enynes with CO: Access to Phenols Enabled by Hydrosilanes
Authors: Wu Li‐Jun , Song Ren‐Jie , Luo Shenglian , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA new palladium‐catalyzed reductive [5+1] cycloaddition of 3‐acetoxy‐1,4‐enynes with CO, enabled by hydrosilanes, has been developed for delivering valuable functionalized phenols. This methodology employs hydrosilanes as the external reagent to facilitate the [5+1] carbonylative benzannulation. The reaction is a conceptually and mechanistically novel carbonylative cycloaddition route for the construction of substituted phenols, through the formation of four new chemical bonds, with excellent functional‐group tolerance.
Customizable Lipid Nanoparticle Materials for the Delivery of siRNAs and mRNAs
Authors: Fenton Owen S. , Kauffman Kevin J. , McClellan Rebecca L. , Kaczmarek James C. , Zeng Manhao D. , Andresen Jason L. , Rhym Luke H. , Heartlein Michael W. , DeRosa Frank , Anderson Daniel G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRNAs are a promising class of therapeutics given their ability to regulate protein concentrations at the cellular level. Developing safe and effective strategies to deliver RNAs remains important for realizing their full clinical potential. Here, we develop lipid nanoparticle formulations that can deliver short interfering RNAs (for gene silencing) or messenger RNAs (for gene upregulation). Specifically, we study how the tail length, tail geometry, and linker spacing in diketopiperazine lipid materials influences LNP potency with siRNAs and mRNAs. Eight lipid materials are synthesized, and 16 total formulations are screened for activity in vitro; the lead material is evaluated with mRNA for in vivo use and demonstrates luciferase protein expression in the spleen. In undertaking this approach, not only do we develop synthetic routes to delivery materials, but we also reveal structural criteria that could be useful for developing next‐generation delivery materials for RNA therapeutics.
Effects of concentration dependent local resistances and viscosity on overall permeation characteristics of a hollow‐fiber membrane: A simulation approach
Authors: Gupta Ravikant R. , Kumar Vineet , Chand Shri 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA model is proposed to describe the hydrodynamics and mass transfer in ultrafiltration with concentration‐dependent viscosity variation in the entire flow‐field. The proposed model integrates the resistance‐in‐series model with mass, momentum, and continuity equations to scrutinize the effects of the feed concentration, velocity, and transmembrane pressure difference on the local permeate flux. A minor modification in the correlations for resistance‐in‐series model has been introduced by replacing the axial velocity terms in terms of shear force and fluid viscosity. The developed model is capable of showing how the microscopic phenomena occurring near the membrane surface affect the permeate flux. Based on the simulated results, it was observed that although higher solute concentration in the feed form a thicker concentration polarization layer, but due to greater shear force, caused by formation of more viscous fluid near the wall, net increase in secondary resistances (Rf and Rcp) is nullified, which ultimately leads to less than expected variation in permeate flux. It was also observed that tangential flow of fluid has less impact on fouling resistance (Rf) as compared with concentration polarization resistance (Rcp) because fouling takes place in the membrane pores, which has less bearing on shear stress acting on the membrane surface.
Heart rate mean and variability as a biomarker for phenotypic variation in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bazelmans Tessel , Jones Emily J. H. , Ghods Sheila , Corrigan Sarah , Toth Karen , Charman Tony , Webb Sara J. 
Published: August 2018

Interest in autonomic arousal in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing; however, reliability of these measures in ASD is unknown, and previously reported associations with social and cognitive abilities are inconsistent. This study assesses heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) in preschoolers with ASD or typical development (TD) while they passively watched naturalistic videos. Measurement reliability, group differences, and the relationship with social and cognitive abilities were evaluated. Seventy one ASD and 66 TD children (2–4 years) provided cardiac data from two sessions. Test–retest intraclass correlations of HR and HRV over a 3‐week period were moderate to good in both groups. Groups did not differ in mean level of HR or HRV. Intra‐individual variability of HR between video segments within a session was higher in the ASD group, but intraclass correlations of this metric were low. Higher HR related to better language skills in TD children, but not after accounting for age and nonverbal ability. Higher HRV related to better expressive and receptive language in ASD children after controlling for age and nonverbal ability. HR/HRV were not related to social or executive functioning skills and did not explain any additional variance in abilities at a 12‐month follow‐up visit. In summary, variation in language abilities is associated with HR in the TD group and HRV in the ASD group. While preliminary, these results are promising for consideration of autonomic control as a biomarker for individual differences in ASD and may help us understand the mechanisms that contribute to communication skills. Autism Research 2019, 12: 39–52. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryCardiac activity, such as heart rate and heart rate variability, is linked to a wide range of psychological functions. This study shows that there is an association between heart rate and heart rate variability and language skills in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These results may help us understand what underlies individual differences in developmental abilities in young children with ASD.
Alterations in hub organization in the white matter structural network in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder: A 2‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Qian Lu , Wang Yao , Chu KangKang , Li Yun , Xiao ChaoYong , Xiao Ting , Xiao Xiang , Qiu Ting , Xiao YunHua , Fang Hui , Ke XiaoYan 
Published: August 2018

Little is currently known about the longitudinal developmental patterns of hubs in the whole‐brain white matter (WM) structural networks among toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study utilized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and deterministic tractography to map the WM structural networks in 37 ASD toddlers and 27 age‐, gender‐ and developmental quotient‐matched controls with developmental delay (DD) toddlers aged 2–3 years old at baseline (Time 1) and at 2‐year follow‐up (Time 2). Furthermore, graph‐theoretical methods were applied to investigate alterations in the network hubs in these patients at the two time points. The results showed that after 2 years, 17 hubs were identified in the ASD subjects compared to the controls, including 13 hubs that had not changed from baseline and 4 hubs that were newly identified. In addition, alterations in the properties of the hubs of the right middle frontal gyrus, right insula, left median cingulate gyri, and bilateral precuneus were significantly correlated with alterations in the behavioral data for ASD patients. These results indicated that at the stage of 2–5 years of age, ASD children showed distributions of network hubs that were relatively stable, with minor differences. Abnormal developmental patterns in the five areas mentioned above in ASD may contribute to abnormalities in the social and nonsocial characteristics of this disorder. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1218–1228. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis work studied the longitudinal developmental patterns of hubs in the whole‐brain white matter (WM) structural network among toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The findings of this study could have implications for understanding how the abnormalities in hub organization in ASD account for behavioral deficits in patients and may provide potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and the subsequent monitoring of progression and treatment effects for patients with ASD.
Folic acid, dietary habits, and homocysteine levels in relation to neural tube defects: A case–control study in North India
Authors: Deb Roumi , Arora Jyoti , Samtani Ratika , Garg Gaurav , Saksena Deepti , Sharma Noopur , Kumar Kalla Aloke , Nava Saraswathy Kallur 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe present study attempts to understand the complex contribution of biochemical (plasma homocysteine) and nutritional parameters (dietary pattern and folate supplementation) to the neural tube defects (NTDs) affected pregnancies and controls in North Indian population.MethodsCase–control study design was adopted to assess the role of folic acid, dietary habits, and homocysteine in relation to NTD births. The subjects comprised of 130 mothers of affected children (cases) and 233 mothers of healthy children (controls), who were either carrying NTD fetus or gave birth to NTD child.ResultsThe mean homocysteine levels were elevated in cases (15.71 ± 8.35 μmol/L) as compared to controls (12.87 ± 5.95 μmol/L) but were lower among the non‐vergetarians (13.55 ± 6.64 μmol/L) than the vegetarians (14.78 ± 7.93 μmol/L). Vegetarian dietary habit increased the NTD risk by 1.6 fold (95% CI = 1.0–2.7) while folic acid supplementation demonstrated a protective effect for conceptions (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.3–0.9). Consumption of folic acid with non‐vegetarian diet witnessed lowering of homocysteine in cases (12.88 ± 6.81 μmol/L) and in controls (11.85 ± 5.54 μmol/L), with an odds ratio depicting a 3.1 fold risk for consuming vegetarian diet without folic acid supplementation during the peri‐conceptional period.ConclusionIt is suggested that plasma hyperhomocysteinemia bears negative impact on child‐bearing women group, of north Indian ancestry, in modulating the risk of NTDs. Efforts should be made to enhance awareness regarding folic acid and vitamin B12 (non‐vegetarian diet) supplementations alongwith proper nutritional intake among women, especially those consuming vegetarian diet to control homocysteine levels in order to reduce the risk of NTDs.
High performance liquid chromatography associated with resonance Rayleigh scattering for synchronous determination of three antihistamines and mechanism study
Authors: Li Shiyu , Peng Jingdong , Chen Fang , Pan Ziyu , Peng Huanjun , Chen Yu , He Yan , Wang Xiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA highly sensitive and selective method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) spectra was developed for the detection of three antihistamine drugs, including pyrilamine (PY), carbinoxamine (CAR) and tripelennamine (TRI). The three antihistamines were separated by a C18 column. The mobile phase contained 25% acetonitrile (ACN) and 75% phosphate buffered solution (pH 3.2) with the flow rate of 0.4 ml min−1. In medium of Britton–Robinson (BR) buffer solution (pH 4.6), the PY, CAR and TRI separated by HPLC and then reacted with Erythrosine B (EryB), forming 1:1 ion‐association complexes, which led to significant signal enhancement of RRS spectra. The RRS spectra was detected at the wavelength λex=λem = 370 nm. The calibration curves of PY, CAR and TRI were linear in the range from 0.02 to 25 μg ml−1, and the detection limit [signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) = 3] were 3.38, 4.48 and 5.50 ng ml−1, respectively. In addition, under the optimum experiment condition, the reaction mechanism and the reasons for RRS enhancement were investigated in this work. The developed method was applied to the simultaneous detection of three antihistamines in water samples with satisfying results.