bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiofilm Effect of Clitoria ternatea Flower Juice on Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro
Authors: Widyarman Armelia Sari , Sumadi Stephani , Agustin Tri Putriany 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Clitoria ternatea flower contains flavonoid such as anthocyanin that gives the blue color to its flower and has antimicrobial activity.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of flower juice of Clitoria ternatea against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm viability in vitro.

Methods: This study was experimental laboratory research using biofilm assay method. P. gingivalis was cultured in BHI broth in 37°C for 24h under anaerobic condition. Fresh flowers of Clitoria ternatea were extracted using mortar and pestle and diluted into 6 different concentrations: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125% with phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Chlorhexidine (0.2%) was used as positive control and biofilm without treatment as negative control. The flower juice was distributed into 96 well-plates that contained biofilm of P. gingivalis and incubated for 1h, 3h, 6h, and 24h in 37°C, anaerobic atmosphere. Biofilm was measured using crystal violet dye with microplate reader (490 nm). Data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc test with p<0.05 was set as significant different.

Result: Result showed that Clitoria ternatea flower juice significantly reduced the Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm viability in all concentration and all incubation time. The most effective concentration to inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm was 100% in 1h incubation time which biofilm was diminished (Optical Density=0.00). One way ANOVA test and Post Hoc test showed a significant biofilm reduction in all concentration and all incubation time after treatment with the flower juice compared to control (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Clitoria ternatea flower juice has antibiofilm effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis. This result showed this flower juice may be useful for combating periodontal pathogens. However, further studies using other bacteria are still needed to confirm this result.
Introduction: The Importance of Place and Openness in Spatial Humanities Research
Authors: Porter Catherine 
Published: October 2018

Digital Humanities (DH) is a dynamic and developing field. In recent years, its evolution has been witnessed foremost in the growth of funded DH projects and through the willingness of scholars from diverse backgrounds to not only work in DH research, but also as ‘digital humanists’. One crucial component to DH research is that of spatial enquiry, the expansion of which has rapidly evolved from a small component often found buried in research objectives, to the research aim of a growing number of projects. Spatial humanities, while still a relatively new interdisciplinary field, is exhibiting continued advancement and focus from the academic community; however, working with digital data is rarely a straightforward pursuit, even for the most accomplished scholar. Primarily access to appropriate and reliable (spatial) datasets, the keystone of spatial humanities research, the sharing and openness of spatial methods, tools and data (SMTD), and education in the former, all remain a challenge. Witnessing the continued rise of spatial humanities research, this special issue brings together a selection of articles delivered at Spatial Humanities 2016, a conference held at Lancaster University (UK). The aim of this multi-disciplinary conference was to explore and demonstrate the contribution to knowledge that spatial technologies in humanities research may enable within and beyond the digital humanities. Here, this introductory text and associated articles present key research that embodies the growing relevance of the spatial humanities across a plethora of fields and demonstrates several of the prevailing and enduring struggles when working in digital and spatial research. These articles emphasise that, despite common obstacles, spatial humanists make up an imaginative and thriving community keen to share innovation and knowledge and provide stimulating new insights through research.
Identifying patients with a history of ovarian cancer for referral for genetic counselling: non-randomised comparison of two case-finding strategies in primary care
Authors: Helsper Charles W , Van Vliet Liesbeth M , Velthuizen Mary E , de Wit Niek J , Beijaert Roy PH , Butter Els , van Gent-Wagemakers Marleen PL , Witteveen Els O , Zweemer Ronald P , van Dulmen Sandra M , Ausems Margreet GEM 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundRecent guidelines recommend genetic counselling and DNA testing (GCT) for patients with ovarian cancer and survivors of ovarian cancer. Finding survivors of ovarian cancer is challenging. Detecting and referring them for GCT via primary care, to allow proper screening recommendations for patients and their family, may be a solution.AimTo compare the effectiveness and acceptance of two pilot strategies directed at case finding women with a history of ovarian cancer for referral for GCT by their GP.Design and settingNon-randomised comparison of the pilot implementation of two case-finding strategies for women with a history of ovarian cancer in Dutch primary care from May 2016 to April 2017.MethodStrategy A (unsupported) asked GPs to identify and refer eligible patients with a history of ovarian cancer. Strategy B (ICT-supported) provided GPs with information and communication technology (ICT) support to identify patients with a history of ovarian cancer electronically. The effectiveness of each strategy was assessed as the proportion of patients who were approached, referred for GCT, and seen by the clinical geneticist. Acceptance of each strategy was assessed by the intervention uptake of GP practices and GP and patient questionnaires.ResultsNineteen out of 30 (63%) patients identified with a history of ovarian cancer were deemed eligible for referral for strategy A, and 39 out of 94 (41%) for strategy B. For each strategy, eight patients were referred and five (63%) were seen for GCT. The intervention uptake by GP practices was 31% (11 out of 36) for strategy A and 46% (21 out of 46) for strategy B. GPs considered ‘relevance’ and ‘workability’ as facilitators across both strategies whereas, for strategy B, technical barriers hindered implementation.ConclusionThe effectiveness and acceptance of both strategies for case finding of survivors of ovarian cancer in primary care for GCT is promising, but larger studies are required before wide-scale implementation is warranted.
Challenges of diagnosing and managing polymyalgia rheumatica: a multi-methods study in UK general practice
Authors: Helliwell Toby , Muller Sara , Hider Samantha L , Zwierska Irena , Lawton Sarah , Richardson Jane , Mallen Christian 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundPolymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is one of the most common inflammatory arthritic disorders seen in older individuals. Most patients with PMR are diagnosed and managed exclusively in general practice, yet primary care-focused research is lacking.AimTo identify and explore the challenges of diagnosis and management of PMR in general practice.Design and settingA multi-methods study in UK primary care.MethodThe multi-methods study comprised two complementary studies: a national questionnaire survey of 5000 randomly selected GPs from across the UK; and a qualitative semi-structured telephone interview study of UK GPs. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyse questionnaire data. A thematic approach was used to analyse verbatim transcripts of the GP interviews.ResultsIn total, 1249 (25%) GPs responded to the questionnaire survey. From this total, 24 GPs were interviewed for the qualitative study. Features used by GPs to identify PMR were largely in line with current guidance. Diagnosis was found to be challenging, with GPs relying heavily on response to treatment with glucocorticoids. Investigations advised by current British PMR guidance to attempt to rule out other causes for symptoms were not routinely requested. Concerns surrounding ongoing treatment with glucocorticoids were widespread in relation to both potential adverse effects and ongoing monitoring.ConclusionFocused strategies to investigate and therefore exclude non-PMR differential diagnoses are required for patients with new-onset suspected PMR symptoms. Additionally, ongoing active review for alternative causes for symptoms as well as vigilance for treatment complications needs to be implemented.
Assessment of physicians’ and senior medical students’ knowledge in treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia: Current results of the KNOCAP project
Authors: Bontsevich Roman A. , Filinichenko Tatiana S. , Gavrilova Anna A. , Goncharova Natalia Y. , Myronenko Olena V. , Kompaniets Olga G. , Luchinina Elena V. , Shagieva Tatiana M. , Ni Oxana G. , Ketova Galina G. , Eliseeva Ekaterina V. , Bikkinina Guzel M. , Maximov Maxim L. , Osipova Olga A. , Shchurovskaya Kristina V. , Leonov Alexander A. , Milutina Elena V. , Barysheva Valeriya O. , Ofori Daniel K. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains one of the most acute problems of bronchopulmonary pathology being the 4th in the mortality structure (after cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and malignant neoplasms) and the 1st among all fatalities from infectious diseases. Thanks to the scientific progress achieved in the antibiotic therapy and vaccine prophylaxis, the death toll has decreased four times compared to its rate during the “pre-antibiotic era“. However, nowadays there is a steadily increasing trend in the pneumonia mortality rate in Russia. The only possible way to increase efficacy of CAP treatment is timely initiated rational antibiotic therapy, considering the possible etiologies, risk factors and the severity of the patient’s condition.
Materials and methods. The article represents the results of anonymous prospective surveys within the framework of the KNOCAP multi-centered research project aimed at accessing the knowledge on the fundamental issues in diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The survey involved 222 students in their fifth- and sixth years in medical institute from Belgorod, Dnepr (Dnipro), Voronezh, Kiev (Kyiv) and Saratov and 110 physicians from Krasnodar, Saratov, Belgorod and Dnepr.
Results and discussion. According to the results of the survey, such levels of correct answers were given by doctors and students, respectively: the inadmissibility of antimicrobial therapy (AMT) delay in CAP - 82% and 59%; the main criterion for withholding AMT - 56% and 37%; “sequential therapy” - 61% and 59%. At the same time, only 24% of the students and 23% of the physicians surveyed correctly reported typical mistakes in the treatment of a non-severe CAP with 50% or more accuracy; and in case of initial treatment, the number of correct responses was less than 28% for students and 45% for doctors.
Conclusion. The survey showed that both senior medical students majoring in Medical Care and general practitioners had a low level of knowledge in CAP treatment. Hence, curricula need to be adjusted both in medical universities and in health institutions for practitioners in order to inform them and, thus, improve the quality of their knowledge in this field.
Global monsoon and ocean drilling
Authors: Wang Pinxian , Tada Ryuji , Clemens Steven 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The IODP-PAGES Workshop on Global Monsoon in Long-term Records was held on
7–9 September 2017, in Shanghai, China. Forty-eight scientists from 12
countries exchanged scientific findings from the seven recent IODP
monsoon-related expeditions (see Table 1), discussed future research
directions, and strongly recommended that monsoon system behavior be included
in a future IODP initial science plan because it is one of the most active
factors in the global climate system and crucially influences the global
hydrological cycle.
Manila Prepares for Independence: Filipina/o Campaigns for US Citizenship and the Reorienting of American Ethnic Histories
Authors: Hong Jane 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article examines the Philippine Commonwealth Government’s role in the success of the 1946 Luce-Celler Act’s provisions making Filipina/os eligible for US citizenship. It argues that Philippine officials at Manila adopted the legislative cause as part of their broader preparations for Philippine independence. They recognized that Filipina/o American communities would be vital to the state-building projects that followed independence, particularly through the remittances they sent back to the islands. Through this support of naturalization rights, Manila officials sought to inculcate in Filipina/o Americans a sense of responsibility to the islands that transcended formal citizenship. A centering of Manila’s role in the Washington-based naturalization campaign reveals Philippine officials’ instrumental understanding of the US citizenship bill as a means to achieve their own national goals. More broadly, it foregrounds decolonization and the dismantling of formal empire as important levers of US exclusion repeal toward Asian peoples.
The Case of the Waylaid Immigrant Inspector: Authority, Respectability, and Sexual Misconduct, 1921
Authors: Catterson Lauren D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Drawing on a case file created on an immigrant inspector accused of sexual misconduct by an alien prostitute facing deportation in Detroit, this article traces the thorough investigation the US Immigration Service pursued when a serious allegation was made against one of its own. It presents the twists and turns of the investigation, reading transcripts of testimonies and internal correspondence between Detroit, Montréal, and Washington both along and against the grain. It argues that the case sheds critical light on how the Immigration Service understood respectable masculinity and the proper exercise of authority in the early 1920s. Due to the nature of their work, especially cases involving alleged “immoral” women and prostitutes, immigrant inspectors were supposed to embody the ideals of respectable middle-class masculinity, including order, moderation, and self-restraint. Improper sexual relations was a serious charge that challenged not only the reputation of the immigrant inspector, but also the Immigration Service more broadly.
Making Contact with the Captive Peoples: The Eisenhower Administration, Cultural Infiltration, and Sports Tours to Eastern Europe
Authors: Rider Toby , Witherspoon Kevin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Although scholars have explored the efforts of the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration to forge greater cultural ties with the Soviet Union through sporting contacts, they have generally overlooked the fact that the U.S. government also sent American athletes to Eastern Europe in the same era. As this article will demonstrate, the presence of American athletes in Romania, Poland, and Hungary from 1956 to 1958 provided the White House with exactly the type of propaganda outcome it desired. In lengthy detail, U.S. diplomats in Eastern Europe reported that the warm and enthusiastic reception given to American athletes in each satellite country had been a political boon. These exchanges, read in the context of U.S. foreign policy, reveal a great deal about the Eisenhower administration’s approach toward “rolling back” communism in Eastern Europe and its shift from advocating “evolution” as opposed to outright “revolution” in the region.
Estimation of Forces Acting on a Sailboat Using a Kinematic Sensor
Authors: Kalin Alan Mahne , Žagar Dejan , Vidmar Peter 
Published: October 2018

Amateur keel boat racing has becoming more and more popular on coastal regions with an old sailing tradition, such as in Adriatic. Although the traditional experience is transmitted to new generations of skippers and crews that compete on national and international regattas with open class boat, the material limits of the boat are often measured subjectively, by sail or mast failure, and transmitted by a story. Most sailors know why some component failed, but often they don’t know what force was needed for the particular failure. Forces acting on a boat are usually estimated with CFD and towing tank experiment for relevant sailing conditions, but full scale data in seaway are rarely taken. Here we wanted to show a low budget method to get a rough estimate of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces acting on a keel sailboat using a kinematic sensor. Some approximations are taken into account to construct a simplified mathematical sailboat model, which allow to relate kinematic data to forces acting on sail, hull, keel and rudder. Some data as the geometry and mass distribution of the boat has to be known, other parameters such as water resistance instead has to be experimentally measured. Results of a series of measurements are presented and discussed. Looking on the limitations of such a method, a proposal for a new sensor is made.
A concussion by any other name: Differences in willingness to risk brain injury by label and level of participation in high‐school and college sports
Authors: Garavito David M.N. , Reyna Valerie F. , DeTello Joseph E. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryOne factor in reducing the likelihood of sports‐related brain injuries is the recognition of risks. However, using colloquial terms may deemphasize the severity of these risks. We hypothesized that using colloquial language to describe sports‐related brain injuries will lead to greater willingness to take on the risk. We conducted two experiments, varying the label describing an injury (getting your bell rung, concussion, or brain injury) and assessing willingness of current athletes, former athletes, and nonathletes to accept this risk as part of sports participation. High‐school and college athletes were willing to expose themselves to a high probability of risk, compared with nonathletes, when described colloquially. However, risk thresholds were low and indistinguishable across groups when using the term “brain injury.” Findings remained significant when controlling for knowledge, age, and sensation seeking. These differences indicate that the term “getting your bell rung” should not be used to describe a brain injury.
Room‐Temperature Ferroelectricity in Hexagonally Layered α‐In2Se3 Nanoflakes down to the Monolayer Limit
Authors: Xue Fei , Hu Weijin , Lee Ko‐Chun , Lu Li‐Syuan , Zhang Junwei , Tang Hao‐Ling , Han Ali , Hsu Wei‐Ting , Tu Shaobo , Chang Wen‐Hao , Lien Chen‐Hsin , He Jr‐Hau , Zhang Zhidong , Li Lain‐Jong , Zhang Xixiang 
Published: October 2018

Abstract2D ferroelectric material has emerged as an attractive building block for high‐density data storage nanodevices. Although monolayer van der Waals ferroelectrics have been theoretically predicted, a key experimental breakthrough for such calculations is still not realized. Here, hexagonally stacking α‐In2Se3 nanoflake, a rarely studied van der Waals polymorph, is reported to exhibit out‐of‐plane (OOP) and in‐plane (IP) ferroelectricity at room temperature. Ferroelectric multidomain states in a hexagonal α‐In2Se3 nanoflake with uniform thickness can survive to 6 nm. Most strikingly, the electric‐field‐induced polarization switching and hysteresis loop are, respectively, observed down to the bilayer and monolayer (≈1.2 nm) thicknesses, which designates it as the thinnest layered ferroelectric and verifies the corresponding theoretical calculation. In addition, two types of ferroelectric nanodevices employing the OOP and IP polarizations in 2H α‐In2Se3 are developed, which are applicable for nonvolatile memories and heterostructure‐based nanoelectronics/optoelectronics.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism in Nanomaterials: New Opportunity in Understanding and Modulation of Excitonic and Plasmonic Resonances
Authors: Han Bing , Gao Xiaoqing , Lv Jiawei , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe unique capability of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in revealing geometry and electronic information has provided new opportunities in exploring the relationship between structure and magneto‐optical properties in nanomaterials with extraordinary optical absorption. Here, the representative studies referring to application of the MCD technique in semiconductor and noble metal nanomaterials are overviewed. MCD is powerful in elucidating the structural information of the excitonic transition in semiconductor nanocrystals, electronic transitions in noble metal nanoclusters, and plasmon resonance in noble metal nanostructures. By virtue of these advantages, the MCD technique shows its unrivalled ability in evaluating the magnetic modulation of excitonic and plasmonic optical activity of nanomaterials with varied chemical composition, geometry, assembly conformation, and coupling effect. Knowledge of the key factors in manipulating magneto‐optical properties at the nanoscale acquired with the MCD technique will largely boost the application of semiconductor and noble nanomaterials in the fields of sensing, spintronic, nanophotonics, etc.
In Situ Irradiated X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation on a Direct Z‐Scheme TiO2/CdS Composite Film Photocatalyst
Authors: Low Jingxiang , Dai Benzhe , Tong Tong , Jiang Chuanjia , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInspired by nature, artificial photosynthesis through the construction of direct Z‐scheme photocatalysts is extensively studied for sustainable solar fuel production due to the effectiveness in enhancing photoconversion efficiency. However, there is still a lack of thorough understanding and direct evidence for the direct Z‐scheme charge transfer in these photocatalysts. Herein, a recyclable direct Z‐scheme composite film composed of titanium dioxide and cadmium sulfide (TiO2/CdS) is prepared for high‐efficiency photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction. In situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ISI‐XPS) confirms the direct Z‐scheme charge‐carrier migration pathway in the photocatalytic system. Furthermore, density functional theory simulation identifies the intrinsic cause for the formation of the direct Z‐scheme heterojunction between the TiO2 and the CdS. Thanks to the significantly enhanced redox abilities of the charge carriers in the direct Z‐scheme system, the photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of the optimized TiO2/CdS is 3.5, 5.4, and 6.3 times higher than that of CdS, TiO2, and commercial TiO2 (P25), respectively, in terms of methane production. This work is a valuable guideline in preparation of highly efficient recyclable nanocomposite for photoconversion applications.
Direct‐Write Printed, Solid‐Core Solenoid Inductors with Commercially Relevant Inductances
Authors: Gu Yuan , Park Donghun , Bowen David , Das Siddhartha , Hines Daniel R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdditive manufacturing has the potential to fabricate passive components (e.g., capacitors, resistors, inductors, etc.) of a radio frequency (RF) circuit with minimized dimensions and controllable shapes in order to realize high‐density RF electronics for applications such as high resolution radars, healthcare monitors, and wearable sensors that involve high data‐rate transmissions. Here a novel procedure to direct‐write 3D, solid‐core solenoid‐inductors with polymer‐core, iron‐core, and ferrite‐core using aerosol‐jet 3D printing is reported. Solid‐core solenoid inductors that are of order 30 mm3 in size are achieved and most importantly, commercially relevant inductance values of microhenry (for polymer‐core) to tens and hundreds of millihenry (for ferrite and iron cores) are demonstrated, which has been beyond the scope of the previous attempts in fabricating additively manufactured inductors. Furthermore, the authors direct‐write printed inductors of various geometries and pinpoint the geometry‐dependent inductor performances.