bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intoxicação medicamentosa
Authors: Gonçalves Claudiana Aguilar , Gonçalves Cleide Avilar , Dos Santos Valdeir Areia dos Santos Areia , Sarturi Leandro , Terra Júnior André Tomaz 
Published: April 2018

As intoxicações medicamentosas esta se tornando um problema alarmante de saúde publica segundo publicado pelo Sistema Nacional de Informações Tóxico-Farmacológicas (SINITOX) Os medicamentos ocupam o primeiro lugar nas intoxicações no Brasil. O propósito do presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica dos casos de intoxicações medicamentosas envolvendo todas faixas etárias e as causas determinantes. Fazendo necessária destacar o papel do Profissional farmacêutico, para dispensarão orientação alem de prestar Assistência farmacêutica quanto ao uso racional de medicamentos em todos os aspectos da farmacoterapia.
ABSTRACT: Drug intoxications are becoming an alarming public health problem as published by the National Toxic-Pharmacological Information System (SINITOX). Medicines are the number one poisoning in Brazil. The purpose of this article is to carry out a bibliographical review of the cases of drug intoxications involving all age groups and the determining causes. Making it necessary to highlight the role of the pharmaceutical professional, for dispensing guidance as well as providing pharmaceutical assistance regarding the rational use of drugs in all aspects of pharmacotherapy. This study is a review of the literature covering drug intoxications, indiscriminate drug use and self-medication. The main causes of this problem are the abusive use of the drug due to lack of knowledge about its dosage and administration, prescription errors and self-medication.
An Analysis of Hydraulic Properties of Soil Based on Soil Texture in Chiti Areas of Lamjung District In Nepal
Authors: Karki Jyoti , Mandal Umesh Kumar , Chidi Chabi Lal , Dahal Jitan , Khanal Narendra Raj , Pantha Ram Hari 
Published: April 2018

Soil hydraulic properties play crucial role for having sustainable growth of vegetation and also required for carrying out environmental studies especially subsurface ground water. Since, its direct measurement is time consuming and therefore costly, indirect methods such as pedotransfer functions have been used to estimate hydraulic properties. Soil hydraulic properties: bulk density, available water, permanent wilting point, field capacity and water retention capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity are essential to be studied. These factors affect soil productivity and the environment. The knowledge of soil water properties for different land-use and land cover types based on soil textural classes are important for re-growth of plants and agriculture crops and ultimately efficient soil and water management. The aim of this paper is to measure soil hydraulic properties based on soil textural classes for different land use types. Furthermore, the use of the soil texture triangle: hydraulic properties calculator has been assessed. The comparison of the soil hydraulic properties obtained from textural triangle for different land use land and cover types has also been analyzed. Moreover, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) of soil hydraulic properties among different land use types has been performed. The soil reaction (pH) value ranges from 4.69 to 6.69 and as a mean of 5.51 indicating slight acidic. The analysis showed barren land occupying 14.3 percent of total land use/land cover is found to be suitable for plant growth since it has loam texture having bulk density less than 1.6 g/cm3.The analysis of bulk density showed that barren land is significantly different at the 0.05 level from both agriculture and forest, whereas agriculture and forests are not different even at 0.05 significant levels. It verifies the fact that mean bulk density at the depth of 0.15 cm is affected by land use land cover types.The Geographical Journal of NepalVol. 11: 63-76, 2018
The Oxford Classification of IgA nephropathy: A review of literature
Authors: Pant Anil Dev 
Published: April 2018

IgA nephropathy is one of the commonest forms of primary glomerulonephritis in the world, most commonly among Asian population. Though usually slowly progressive, it is one of the important causes of chronic renal failure. Abnormal IgA1 are formed which leads to formation of IgG antibodies which deposit in the mesangium. It presents with synpharyngitic hematuria and can have variable histopathological patterns. The Oxford classification was devised in order to categorize the histopathological patterns, correlate with clinical course and modify treatment accordingly. Different histopathological criteria are assessed in the classification, which include mesangial proliferation (M), endocapilary proliferation (E), segmental sclerosis (S), and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (T).The classification has become widely accepted around the world but still needs further validation studies and incorporation of newer parameters.
A WISE Survey of New Star Clusters in the Central Plane Region of the Milky Way
Authors: Ryu Jinhyuk , Lee Myung Gyoon 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We present the discovery of new star clusters in the central plane region (

and

) of the Milky Way. In order to overcome the extinction problem and the spatial limit of previous surveys, we use the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) data to find clusters. We also use other infrared survey data in the archive for additional analysis. We find 923 new clusters, of which 202 clusters are embedded clusters. These clusters are concentrated toward the Galactic plane and show a symmetric distribution with respect to the Galactic latitude. The embedded clusters show a stronger concentration to the Galactic plane than the nonembedded clusters. The new clusters are found more in the first Galactic quadrant, while previously known clusters are found more in the fourth Galactic quadrant. The spatial distribution of the combined sample of known clusters and new clusters is approximately symmetric with respect to the Galactic longitude. We estimate reddenings, distances, and relative ages of the 15 class A clusters using theoretical isochrones. Ten of them are relatively old (age >800 Myr) and five are young (age ≈4 Myr).
Chemical Complexity in Local Diffuse and Translucent Clouds: Ubiquitous Linear C3H and CH3CN, a Detection of HC3N and an Upper Limit on the Abundance of CH2CN*
Authors: Liszt Harvey , Gerin Maryvonne , Beasley Anthony , Pety Jerome 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We present Jansky Very Large Array observations of 20–37 GHz absorption lines from nearby Galactic diffuse molecular gas seen against four cosmologically distant compact radio continuum sources. The main new observational results are that l-C3H and CH3CN are ubiqitous in the local diffuse molecular interstellar medium at

≲ 1, while HC3N was seen only toward B0415 at

> 4 mag. The linear/cyclic ratio is much larger in C3H than in C3H2 and the ratio CH3CN/HCN is enhanced compared to TMC-1, although not as much as toward the Horsehead Nebula. More consequentially, this work completes a long-term program assessing the abundances of small hydrocarbons (CH, C2H, linear and cyclic C3H and C3

, and C4H and C4H−) and the CN-bearing species (CN, HCN, HNC, HC3N, HC5N, and CH3CN): their systematics in diffuse molecular gas are presented in detail here. We also observed but did not strongly constrain the abundances of a few oxygen-bearing species, most prominently HNCO. We set limits on the column density of CH2CN, such that the anion CH2CN− is only viable as a carrier of diffuse interstellar bands if the N(CH2CN)/N(CH2CN−) abundance ratio is much smaller in this species than in any others for which the anion has been observed. We argue that complex organic molecules (COMS) are not present in clouds meeting a reasonable definition of diffuse molecular gas, i.e.,

≲ 1 mag.
Gravitationally Unstable Condensations Revealed by ALMA in the TUKH122 Prestellar Core in the Orion A Cloud
Authors: Ohashi Satoshi , Sanhueza Patricio , Sakai Nami , Kandori Ryo , Choi Minho , Hirota Tomoya , Nguyễn-Lu’o’ng Quang , Tatematsu Ken’ichi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We have investigated the TUKH122 prestellar core in the Orion A cloud using ALMA 3 mm dust continuum, N2H+ (J = 1−0), and CH3OH (

) molecular-line observations. Previous studies showed that TUKH122 is likely on the verge of star formation because the turbulence is almost dissipated and chemically evolved among other starless cores in the Orion A cloud. By combining ALMA 12 m and ACA data, we recover extended emission with a resolution of ∼5″ corresponding to 0.01 pc and identify six condensations with a mass range of 0.1–0.4 M
⊙ and a radius of ≲0.01 pc. These condensations are gravitationally bound following a virial analysis and are embedded in the filament, including the elongated core with a mass of ∼29 M
⊙ and a radial density profile of r
−1.6 derived by Herschel. The separation of these condensations is ∼0.035 pc, consistent with the thermal Jeans length at a density of 4.4 × 105 cm−3. This density is similar to the central part of the core. We also find a tendency for the N2H+ molecule to deplete at the dust peak condensation. This condensation may be beginning to collapse because the line width becomes broader. Therefore, the fragmentation still occurs in the prestellar core by thermal Jeans instability, and multiple stars are formed within the TUKH122 prestellar core. The CH3OH emission shows a large shell-like distribution and surrounds these condensations, suggesting that the CH3OH molecule formed on dust grains is released into the gas phase by nonthermal desorption such as photoevaporation caused by cosmic-ray-induced UV radiation.
Aspherical Supernovae: Effects on Early Light Curves
Authors: Afsariardchi Niloufar , Matzner Christopher D. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Early light from core-collapse supernovae, now detectable in high-cadence surveys, holds clues to a star and its environment just before it explodes. However, effects that alter the early light have not been fully explored. We highlight the possibility of nonradial flows at the time of shock breakout. These develop in sufficiently nonspherical explosions if the progenitor is not too diffuse. When they do develop, nonradial flows limit ejecta speeds and cause ejecta–ejecta collisions. We explore these phenomena and their observational implications using global, axisymmetric, nonrelativistic FLASH simulations of simplified polytropic progenitors, which we scale to representative stars. We develop a method to track photon production within the ejecta, enabling us to estimate band-dependent light curves from adiabatic simulations. Immediate breakout emission becomes hidden as an oblique flow develops. Nonspherical effects lead the shock-heated ejecta to release a more constant luminosity at a higher, evolving color temperature at early times, effectively mixing breakout light with the early light curve. Collisions between nonradial ejecta thermalize a small fraction of the explosion energy; we will address emission from these collisions in a subsequent paper.
Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: The Photometric Data Set for Cosmology
Authors: Drlica-Wagner A. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Rykoff E. S. , Gruendl R. A. , Yanny B. , Tucker D. L. , Hoyle B. , Rosell A. Carnero , Bernstein G. M. , Bechtol K. , Becker M. R. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bertin E. , Kind M. Carrasco , Davis C. , Vicente J. de , Diehl H. T. , Gruen D. , Hartley W. G. , Leistedt B. , Li T. S. , Marshall J. L. , Neilsen E. , Rau M. M. , Sheldon E. , Smith J. , Troxel M. A. , Wyatt S. , Zhang Y. , Abbott T. M. C. , Abdalla F. B. , Allam S. , Banerji M. , Brooks D. , Buckley-Geer E. , Burke D. L. , Capozzi D. , Carretero J. , Cunha C. E. , D’Andrea C. B. , Costa L. N. da , DePoy D. L. , Desai S. , Dietrich J. P. , Doel P. , Evrard A. E. , Neto A. Fausti , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gerdes D. W. , Giannantonio T. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Jeltema T. , Kuehn K. , Kuhlmann S. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Lima M. , Lin H. , Maia M. A. G. , Martini P. , McMahon R. G. , Melchior P. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Nichol R. C. , Ogando R. L. C. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Roodman A. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schindler R. , Schubnell M. , Smith M. , Smith R. C. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , Vikram V. , Walker A. R. , Wechsler R. H. , Zuntz J. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We describe the creation, content, and validation of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) internal year-one cosmology data set, Y1A1 GOLD, in support of upcoming cosmological analyses. The Y1A1 GOLD data set is assembled from multiple epochs of DES imaging and consists of calibrated photometric zero-points, object catalogs, and ancillary data products—e.g., maps of survey depth and observing conditions, star–galaxy classification, and photometric redshift estimates—that are necessary for accurate cosmological analyses. The Y1A1 GOLD wide-area object catalog consists of

million objects detected in co-added images covering

in the DES grizY filters. The 10σ limiting magnitude for galaxies is

,

,

,

, and

. Photometric calibration of Y1A1 GOLD was performed by combining nightly zero-point solutions with stellar locus regression, and the absolute calibration accuracy is better than 2% over the survey area. DES Y1A1 GOLD is the largest photometric data set at the achieved depth to date, enabling precise measurements of cosmic acceleration at z ≲ 1.
Challenges experienced by postgraduate nursing students at a South African university
Authors: Havenga Yolanda , Sengane Malmsey L. 
Published: April 2018

Background: The increase in nurses enrolling in postgraduate programmes as well as the need to improve their completion requires academics to establish environments conducive for postgraduate studies. The challenges experienced during postgraduate studies have to be identified to establish conducive environments. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore and describe the challenges experienced by postgraduate nursing students enrolled in postgraduate coursework and research programmes at a South African university. Methods: An exploratory, descriptive and qualitative design was used. The study was contextual in nature. Purposive sampling was used. Fifteen honours, master’s and doctoral students participated in the study. Data were analysed through qualitative content analysis and measures to ensure trustworthiness, and ethical implementation of the study were implemented. Results: Three themes with categories were identified, namely personal challenges (i.e. finances, employment, family and accommodation), academic and institutional challenges (i.e. workload and time constraints, contact sessions, subject information and assessment) and research-related challenges (i.e. information literacy, supervisory relationship and supervisory structure and process). Conclusion: Institutional support addressing personal, academic and research-related challenges should be provided to enhance student experiences and completion.
Phytochemical and antimicrobial evaluation of selected medicinal plants in Meru community of Kenya
Authors: Mutembei Jackson K. , Kareru Patrick G. , Madivoli Edwin S. , Murigi Martin K. , Karanja Joseph , Cheruiyot Kipyegon , Rechab Sylvester O. , Maina Ernest G. 
Published: April 2018

Background: Increased resistance against antimicrobial medication used to combat bacterial infection necessitates the need for alternative medication. Objective: This study seeks to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical profiles of 10 medicinal plants collected from Chuka, Tharaka-Nithi County of Kenya. Plant samples were collected, dried, pulverised into fine powders and extracted with distilled water. Methodology: Qualitative phytochemical screening and disc-agar diffusion methods were used according to standard method to determine phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extracts against four bacterial strains and a fungus. Results: Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of terpenoids, tannins and reducing sugars in all the plants except one. Saponins were found to be present in Albizia anthelmintica, Entada leptostachya, Raponae rhododendroides and Warbugia ugandensis. Steroids were present in seven plants while alkaloids were present in five. Albizia anthelmintica, E. leptostachya and W. ugandensis extracts were active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Escherichia coli was the most susceptible bacteria against all the plant extracts tested, except Harrisonia abyssinica. Vernonia lasiopus and Uvariodendron anisatum were the least active extracts. Susceptibility against E. coli and C. albicans was significantly comparable to benzathine penicillin and streptomycin. Conclusion: The type of ailments the plants are claimed to treat can be attributed to the presence of various classes of phytochemicals. In conclusion, the plants evaluated were found to be active against the microorganisms tested.
A review of biodiversity reporting by the South African seafood industry
Authors: Usher Kieran , Maroun Warren 
Published: April 2018

Background: Biodiversity reporting is an area of sustainability accounting research that has received comparatively little attention from the academic community. This is despite the growing scientific concern about climate change, habitat destruction and extinction of species and mounting evidence on the implications of these environmental issues for our current way of life. This necessitates additional research on biodiversity reporting, especially in a South African context given that the country is home to some of the richest biodiversity regions on earth. Aim: This research examines what information companies in the South African seafood industry are reporting on biodiversity. This includes the development and application of an easy-to-use disclosure scorecard to track the quality of biodiversity-related disclosures. Setting: The study focuses on South African biodiversity reporting. The choice of region is informed by the country’s significant marine resources and mature corporate reporting environment, where non-financial disclosures are expected to be well developed. Methods: Content analysis was used to collect data from a sample of companies’ integrated and sustainability reports. The data were analysed interpretively to determine what biodiversity disclosures companies provide and the quality of those disclosures. Conclusion: The study shows that while the quantum of biodiversity reporting is relatively low, some companies are starting to provide more detailed accounts of their biodiversity impact, pointing to higher levels of reporting quality. There is still room for improvement, but these findings suggest that reporting on non-financial sustainability issues is maturing and that companies are beginning to appreciate the importance of preserving biodiversity for ensuring long-term sustainability.
Climatology of the scintillation onset over southern Brazil
Authors: Sousasantos Jonas , de Oliveira Moraes Alison , Sobral José H. A. , Muella Marcio T. A. H. , de Paula Eurico R. , Paolini Rafael S. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. This work presents an analysis of the climatology of the onset time of
ionospheric scintillations at low latitude over the southern Brazilian
territory near the peak of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Data from L1
frequency GPS receiver located in Cachoeira Paulista (22.4∘ S,
45.0∘ W; dip latitude 16.9∘ S), from September 1998 to
November 2014, covering a period between solar cycles 23 and 24, were used in
the present analysis of the scintillation onset time. The results show that
the start time of the ionospheric scintillation follows a pattern, starting
about 40 min earlier, in the months of November and December, when
compared to January and February. The analyses presented here show that such
temporal behavior seems to be associated with the ionospheric prereversal
vertical drift (PRVD) magnitude and time. The influence of solar activity in
the percentage of GPS links affected is also addressed together with the
respective ionospheric prereversal vertical drift behavior. Based on this
climatological study a set of empirical equations is proposed to be used for
a GNSS alert about the scintillation prediction. The identification of this
kind of pattern may support GNSS applications for aviation and oil extraction
maritime stations positioning. Keywords. Ionosphere (ionospheric irregularities; modeling and forecasting) – radio science (space and satellite communication)
Determinants of the physician assistant/associate concept in global health systems
Authors: Cawley James F. , Hooker Roderick S. 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: A global shortage of doctors has led to strategies to improve access to care. The physician assistant/associate (PA) was established in North America and Africa in the 1960s in response to medical shortages. PA activity was cataloged to understand what determines their utilization in a country’s health system.Methods: A mixed-method study design began with searching the available literature regarding the development of PAs worldwide. Key words included “physician assistants”, “non-physicians”, “physician associates”, and “advanced practice providers”. Additional data was through an online search of reports; personal communications with researchers, policymakers, government officials, and practitioners in each country; visits by the authors to a number of the countries; and a review of official documents. In each country interviews included educators, policymakers and government officials who had direct involvement with the introduction of the PA concept, and clinically active PAs. Domain analyses were based on stratification of differences among countries: global region, income, physician to population ratio, attitudes of medical professionals, and practice/regulatory authority. Countries were segmented into two categories: well resourced and less well resourced.Results: The history and status of the PA concept into the health systems of 15 states were reviewed. The determinants for the successful incorporation of PAs include prevailing medical needs, a shortage of physicians or an aging physician workforce; support and sponsorship by physician organizations and government agencies; the ability to mobilize and establish a legal and regulatory framework to accommodate PAs; and evidence that their introduction is acceptable to patients, physicians, and other health professionals.Discussion: The introduction of PAs into health systems occurs because their education is less expensive and time intensive than physicians. In addition, graduates are more likely to occupy roles where there is scarcity of doctors such as in rural and underserved areas. In most instances, a physician-dependent role permits their introduction into health systems in a non-threatening manner to doctors and their practices. The utilization of PAs, particularly in primary healthcare roles, increases access to services, is cost-beneficial, and shows a physician-equivalent quality of care.Conclusion: The PA has been a remarkable health workforce policy development that has spread among countries’ health systems and is likely to continue.