bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of ABCB1 concentration in plasma membrane
Authors: Mlejnek Petr , Kosztyu Petr , Dolezel Petr , Kimura Yasuhisa , Cizkova Katerina , Ruzickova Eliska 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe interaction between ABCB1 transporter and its substrates takes place in cell membranes but the available data precludes quantitative analysis of the interaction between transporter and substrate molecules. Further, the amount of transporter is usually expressed as a number of ABCB1 molecules per cell. In contrast, the substrate concentration in cell membranes is estimated by determination of substrate‐lipid partition coefficient, as examples. In this study, we demonstrate an approach, which enables us to estimate the concentration of ABCB1 molecules within plasma membranes. For this purpose, human leukemia K562 cells with varying expression levels of ABCB1 were used: drug selected K562/Dox and K562/HHT cells with very high transporter expression, and K562/DoxDR2, K562/DoxDR1, and K562/DoxDR05 cells with gradually decreased expression of ABCB1 derived from K562/Dox cells using RNA interference technology. First, we determined the absolute amount of ABCB1 in cell lysates using immunoblotting and recombinant ABCB1 as a standard. We then determined the relative portion of transporter residing in the plasma membrane using immunohistochemistry in nonpermeabilized and permeabilized cells. These results enabled us to estimate the concentration of ABCB1 in the plasma membrane in resistant cells. The ABCB1 concentrations in the plasma membrane of drug selected K562/Dox and K562/HHT cells containing the highest amount of transporter reached millimolar levels. Concentrations of ABCB1 in the plasma membrane of resistant K562/DoxDR2, K562/DoxDR1, and K562/DoxDR05 cells with lower transporter expression were proportionally decreased.
Prioritization of SNPs in y+LAT‐1 culpable of Lysinuric protein intolerance and their mutational impacts using protein‐protein docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Chandrasekhar , Al‐Subaie Abeer Mohammed , N Nagasundaram , Yeh Hui‐Yuan , Tayubi Iftikhar Alam , Kamaraj Balu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is a rare, yet inimical, genetic disorder characterized by the paucity of essential dibasic amino acids in the cells. Amino acid transporter y+LAT‐1 interacts with 4F2 cell‐surface antigen heavy chain to transport the required dibasic amino acids. Mutation in y+LAT‐1 is rumored to cause LPI. However, the underlying pathological mechanism is unknown, and, in this analysis, we investigate the impact of point mutation in y+LAT‐1's interaction with 4F2 cell‐surface antigen heavy chain in causing LPI. Using an efficient and extensive computational pipeline, we have isolated M50K and L334R single‐nucleotide polymorphisms to be the most deleterious mutations in y+LAT‐1s. Docking of mutant y+LAT‐1 with 4F2 cell‐surface antigen heavy chain showed decreased interaction compared with native y+LAT‐1. Further, molecular dynamic simulation analysis reveals that the protein molecules increase in size, become more flexible, and alter their secondary structure upon mutation. We believe that these conformational changes because of mutation could be the reason for decreased interaction with 4F2 cell‐surface antigen heavy chain causing LPI. Our analysis gives pathological insights about LPI and helps researchers to better understand the disease mechanism and develop an effective treatment strategy.
C allele of ‐786 T>C polymorphism in the promoter region of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is responsible for endothelial dysfunction in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Luo Yanli , Wang Yang , Luo Wanjun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the control of metastasis of infection with endothelial dysfunction, as well as the roles of ‐786T>C polymorphism in eNOS promoter in the control of metastasis of endothelial function.MethodIn‐silicon analysis and luciferase assay were used to identify the location of ‐786>C on the promoter of eNOS. Subsequently, real‐time PCR and Western‐blot were used to determine the expression level of eNOS. Ultrasound examination was used to detect baseline brachial artery diameter and flow‐mediated dilation of patients in different treat groups.Results‐786T>C was located on the promoter of eNOS, and the luciferase activity of cells transfected with ‐786‐C allele was much higher than empty vector, while even higher subsequent to transfection of ‐786‐T allele. In addition, the result of ultrasound examination showed that the baseline brachial artery diameter was comparable between patients genotyped as TT, TC and CC, while the flow‐mediated dilation of patients genotyped as TC was much higher compared with CC group, and the flow‐mediated dilation of patients genotyped as TT even higher than TC group. We found eNOS messenger RNA and protein with TT genotype was significantly higher compared with other genotypes. And the production of NO was remarkably higher in TT groups compared with TC and CC, while the production of NO in TC and CC groups were similar.ConclusionThese findings indicated that down‐expression of ‐786T>C located on the promoter of eNOS is associated with an increased risk of endothelial dysfunction.
School‐wide implementation of positive behavioral interventions and supports in an alternative school setting: A case study
Authors: Griffiths Amy‐Jane , Diamond Elena Lilles , Alsip James , Furlong Michael , Morrison Gale , Do Bich 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this 1‐year case study was to identify how School‐Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SW‐PBIS) can be adapted to meet the needs of students in alternative schools and to evaluate the early impact of SW‐PBIS on discipline outcomes.MethodsSuggestions for adaptations are provided at each stage of the intervention process with a focus on buy‐in, training, data collection, and resource allocation.ResultsData from this case study included information about key components of the implementation process as well as initial outcomes. Process data revealed the importance of stakeholder buy‐in, training opportunities, and potential adaptations to the framework. Outcome data from the first year of implementation indicated that the number of incident reports did not significantly differ from the baseline; however, there was a reduction in defiance‐related behaviors and an increase in on‐task behaviors.ConclusionThis study contributes to the determination of the efficacy of SW‐PBIS in a historically more punitive environment. Given the initial positive response and lessons learned, it is believed that, with the support of additional Tier 2 and Tier 3 interventions, SW‐PBIS may be an appropriate framework to support students in alternative schools.
Integrated analysis of clinical significance and functional involvement of microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qin Li , Huang Jian , Wang Guodong , Huang Jinxin , Wu Xintian , Li Jinzhuan , Yi Weili , Qin Fuhui , Huang Dongning 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common lethal cancers worldwide. To explore the potential prognosis‐associated microRNAs (miRNAs) for HCC patients, we performed integrated analyses on the miRNA expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. Genome‐wide overall survival (OS)‐ and progression‐free survival (PFS)‐associated miRNA screening were performed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. A five‐miRNA expression signature (miR‐148a, miR‐3677‐3p, miR‐744*, miR‐210, and miR‐3613‐5p) was identified as an indicator for HCC OS (p < .0001; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.631). In addition, a seven‐miRNA expression signature (miR‐127‐5p, miR‐146a, miR‐152, miR‐193a‐3p, miR‐331‐5p, miR‐500a*, and miR‐550a*) was identified as a predictor for HCC PFS (p < .0001; HR = 2.608). This systematic analysis suggested that both the OS‐ and PFS‐associated signatures have better performance in HCC survival prediction than the conventional clinicopathological parameters. Further functional enrichment analysis of the corresponding genes targeted by these signature miRNAs revealed their biological significance in the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway. In conclusion, our present study identified a five‐miRNA OS‐associated signature and a seven‐miRNA PFS‐associated signature as HCC prognostic biomarkers with potential clinical significance, which could enable the development of novel targeted therapeutic strategies for HCC treatment.
Retracted: MicroRNA‐132 protects H9c2 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation‐evoked injury by targeting FOXO3A
Authors: Zhang Jingze , Xu Haiming , Gong Licheng , Liu Long 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a clinically familiar disease, which possesses a great negative impact on human health. But, the effective treatment is still absent. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been testified to play a momentous role in MIRI. The purpose of the study aimed to probe the functions of miR‐132 in oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)‐evoked injury in H9c2 cells. miR‐132 expression in H9c2 cells accompanied by OGD disposition was evaluated via real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. After miR‐132 mimic and inhibitor transfections, the impacts of miR‐132 on OGD‐affected H9c2 cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, and the interrelated factors were appraised by exploiting cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis. FOXO3A expression was estimated in above‐transfected cells, meanwhile, the correlation between miR‐132 and FOXO3A was probed by dual‐luciferase report assay. Ultimately, above mentioned cell processes were reassessed in H9c2 cells after preprocessing OGD administration and transfection with si‐FOXO3A and si‐NC plasmids. We got that OGD disposition obviously enhanced miR‐132 expression in H9c2 cells. Overexpressed miR‐132 evidently reversed OGD‐evoked cell viability repression and apoptosis induction in H9c2 cells. In addition, overexpressed miR‐132 mitigated OGD‐evoked G0/G1 cell arrest by mediating p21, p27, and cyclin D1 expression. Repression of FOXO3A was observed in miR‐132 mimic‐transfected cells, which was also predicated as a direct gene of miR‐132. We discovered that silenced FOXO3A alleviated OGD‐evoked cell injury in H9c2 cells via facilitating cell viability, hindering apoptosis and restraining cell arrest at G0/G1 phase. In conclusion, these investigations corroborated that miR‐132 exhibited the protective impacts on H9c2 cells against OGD‐evoked injury via targeting FOXO3A.
Intelligent microscopic approach for identification and recognition of citrus deformities
Authors: Safdar Arooj , Khan Muhammad A. , Shah Jamal H. , Sharif Muhammad , Saba Tanzila , Rehman Amjad , Javed Kashif , Khan Junaid A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlant diseases are accountable for economic losses in an agricultural country. The manual process of plant diseases diagnosis is a key challenge from last one decade; therefore, researchers in this area introduced automated systems. In this research work, automated system is proposed for citrus fruit diseases recognition using computer vision technique. The proposed method incorporates five fundamental steps such as preprocessing, disease segmentation, feature extraction and reduction, fusion, and classification. The noise is being removed followed by a contrast stretching procedure in the very first phase. Later, watershed method is applied to excerpt the infectious regions. The shape, texture, and color features are subsequently computed from these infection regions. In the fourth step, reduced features are fused using serial‐based approach followed by a final step of classification using multiclass support vector machine. For dimensionality reduction, principal component analysis is utilized, which is a statistical procedure that enforces an orthogonal transformation on a set of observations. Three different image data sets (Citrus Image Gallery, Plant Village, and self‐collected) are combined in this research to achieving a classification accuracy of 95.5%. From the stats, it is quite clear that our proposed method outperforms several existing methods with greater precision and accuracy.
The evolution of evolution
Authors: Bonner John T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the past, most biologists, myself included, did not think of evolution as changing over time. The wonders of natural selection were always at hand and went into operation once there was life. However, with a little reflection it becomes obvious that evolution has changed—there has been an evolution of evolution. Evolution can be separated into four phases, or eras, that may or may not overlap. Thefirst erastarts with the evolution of life on earth, which led to single cells that multiply asexually. Thesecond eratakes advantage of the invention of sexual reproduction as evolution could now gallop forward because of a richer fare of diverse offspring for natural selection. Thethird erabegins with the introduction of multicellularity. In thefourth erathere is a radical innovation: the nervous system that arises animals by standard Darwinian selection. This has allowed major rapid changes to proceed, such as language that led to all the rapid progress we call civilization; a true revolution, and one that does not depend on the slow genetic changes of all other standard gene‐controlled evolutionary steps.
Importance of localization of insulinomas: a systematic analysis
Authors: Burghardt Lilian , Meier Juris J. , Uhl Waldemar , Kahle‐Stefan Melanie , Schmidt Wolfgang E. , Nauck Michael A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundProcedures suitable for preoperative localization of insulinomas are widely used but it is unclear whether they determine surgical success. We wanted to clarify whether preoperative localization or intraoperative ultrasound determines the success of surgically identifying and removing insulinomas.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search (PubMed) yielding 100 publications with patient‐level data on preoperative localization procedures, intraoperative ultrasound, success of surgical identification and removal or single, benign insulinomas (published until 31 December 2016). The consequences of successful preoperative localization and intraoperative ultrasound for surgical identification and removal of an insulinoma could be analyzed for 863 and 529 patients with single benign insulinomas, respectively. Sensitivities of commonly employed methods to localize biochemically proven insulinomas were calculated for single benign (1,153 patients), multiple benign, and malignant insulinomas, also in relation to diameter and intra‐pancreatic location.ResultsThe success of surgery (identification and removal of single benign insulinomas) in patients with a biochemically proven insulinoma was high (approximately 98%) even in the absence of preoperative localization. However, successful preoperative localization or intraoperative ultrasonography slightly, but significantly, increased the probability of surgically identifying/removing single benign insulinomas (by 1.4% and 2.0%, P = 0.012 and 0.0032, respectively). Diagnostic sensitivities of localization procedures varied widely, with GLP‐1 receptor scintigraphy achieving the highest sensitivity despite its non‐invasive nature.ConclusionThe probability of surgically identifying and removing a single, benign insulinoma is high even in the absence of successful preoperative localization or intraoperative ultrasound. However, both approaches slightly, but significantly, improve the outcome to near 100%.
Experience and outcomes in living donor liver procurement using the water jet scalpel
Authors: Hamaoka Michinori , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Kuroda Shintaro , Okimoto Sho , Honmyo Naruhiko , Yamaguchi Megumi , Yamamoto Masateru , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to clarify treatment outcomes of living donor liver procurement using the water jet scalpel (WJS).MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective cohort study included 40 living donors who underwent liver procurement from January 2014 to December 2018. One living donor who underwent posterior segmentectomy was excluded. Clinical data and outcomes after surgery for 20 WJS donors and 19 Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) donors were compared.ResultsPreoperative and excised graft data did not differ significantly between the WJS and CUSA groups. Operation time (P = 0.025) and parenchymal transection time (P = 0.007) were significantly shorter in the WJS group. There was no difference between the groups in terms of short‐term outcomes after surgery. Multivariate analysis revealed that WJS offered significant advantages over CUSA in terms of shortening parenchymal transection time (P = 0.017).ConclusionLiving donor liver procurement using WJS contributes to shortening of parenchymal transection time while maintaining the same level of safety as when using CUSA.
Acute cellular rejection in hepatitis C recipients following liver transplantation in the era of direct‐acting antivirals: chronological analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing database
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Voigt Michael D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionInterferon (IFN) treatment for liver transplant (LT) recipients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) increases acute cellular rejection (ACR) and worsens graft and patient survival. It is unknown if direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) affect rejection rates or post‐transplant survival.MethodThe United Network for Organ Sharing STAR files of December 2017 (n = 25,916) were analyzed.ResultsCompared with non‐HCV‐LT, HCV‐LT survival was worse in the IFN‐era (2007–2008) and IFN+DAA‐era (2011), but not in the DAA‐era (2014–2015). ACR6m rate has been less frequent in newer eras and was lower in HCV‐LT than in non‐HCV‐LT in both the DAA‐era (6.9% vs. 9.3%, P < 0.001) and in the IFN+DAA‐era (8.8% vs. 11.8%, P = 0.001), but not in the IFN‐era (10.8% vs. 11.0%, P = 0.39). HCV‐LT recipients who had ACR6m had worse 2‐year survival than those without ACR6m, in the IFN‐era (80.0% vs. 88.4%, P < 0.0001) and in the IFN+DAA‐era (81.4% vs. 89.2%, P < 0.01) but not in the DAA‐era (90.4% vs. 93.2%, P = 0.085). Cox proportional hazard model identified ACR6m as independent risk factor for mortality in HCV‐LT in the IFN‐era (HR = 1.88, P ≤ 0.001) and in the IFN+DAA‐era (HR = 1.84, P = 0.005), but not in the DAA‐era (P = n.s.).ConclusionsTwo‐year survival of HCV‐LT recipients were significantly better in the DAA‐era; these were associated with reduced rate and impact of ACR6m.
Abbreviated‐protocol screening MRI vs. complete‐protocol diagnostic MRI for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: An equivalence study using LI‐RADS v2018
Authors: Khatri Gaurav , Pedrosa Ivan , Ananthakrishnan Lakshmi , de Leon Alberto Diaz , Fetzer David T. , Leyendecker John , Singal Amit G. , Xi Yin , Yopp Adam , Yokoo Takeshi 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe high operational cost of MRI limits its utility for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening. Abbreviated‐protocol dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (aMRI) may help lower cost while maintaining the high accuracy of complete‐protocol diagnostic MRI (cMRI).PurposeTo compare aMRI to cMRI for HCC detection in cirrhosis patients.Study TypeCross‐sectional study.Study PopulationCirrhosis patients undergoing MRI for suspected HCC.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T and 3T; aMRI (coronal T2‐weighted, axial dynamic contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted fat‐suppressed sequences); cMRI (aMRI sequences and unenhanced axial T2‐, T1‐, and diffusion‐weighted sequences).AssessmentFrom each cMRI, an abbreviated exam was created by extracting only the aMRI sequences. Five radiologists independently reviewed aMRI and cMRI and assigned per‐patient screening results by the presence/absence of any actionable observation per Liver Imaging and Reporting Data System v2018 (LI‐RADS 4, 5, M, or TIV categories). Per‐patient HCC status was determined by the composite reference standard of histopathology, follow‐up imaging, consensus expert panel imaging review, and clinical follow‐up.Statistical TestsInterreader agreement between aMRI and cMRI was compared with that of cMRI and tested for interchangeability against a tolerance margin of 0.05. Per‐patient screening sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were compared between aMRI and cMRI and tested for equivalence against a tolerance margin of 0.05.ResultsIn 93 cirrhosis patients, five radiologists recorded on average 121 liver observations. Interreader screening agreement probability (and 95% confidence interval confidence interval [CI]) was 0.914 [0.900, 0.926] between aMRI and cMRI, and 0.927 [0.908, 0.942] for cMRI; their difference was within the 0.05 margin for interchangeability. In 86 patients in whom a final HCC status could be determined, the detection sensitivity and specificity of aMRI was 0.921 [0.864, 0.956] and 0.886 [0.844, 0.918], within the 5% equivalence margin to cMRI, 0.936 [0.881, 0.965] and 0.883 [0.840, 0.915], respectively.Data ConclusionAbbreviated‐protocol screening MRI is interchangeable with, and equivalent to, complete‐protocol diagnostic MRI for per‐patient HCC detection in cirrhosis.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 6J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:415–425.
Study of the distribution of hepatitis B immunoglobulin in pregnant mice using small‐animal imaging technology
Authors: Chen Yunru , Kong Ying , Shi Lei , Zhang Xi , Yang Xueliang , Liu Xiaojing , Lin Shumei , Ye Feng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe safety and necessity of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in preventing the mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are still controversial because of its unclear mechanism of action and the inconsistent injection programs used during gestation.ObjectivesThis study aimed to show the dynamic transportation and distribution of HBIG in the maternal body and to provide evidence for its clinical efficacy in preventing mother‐to‐child HBV transmission.Study designPregnant mice were injected with Cy7‐labeled mouse anti‐human monoclonal hepatitis B surface antibodies through the tail vein. In vivo imaging technology was used to observe the dynamic transportation and distribution of HBIG in the pregnant mice.ResultsHBIG fluorescence signals were higher in the uterus than in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Fluorescence signals in the uterine region were obviously higher at the third trimester than at early and mid pregnancy.ConclusionsHBIG is gradually deposited in the mouse placenta during pregnancy, with the phenomenon being more significant in the third trimester.
Influence of fin width and gate structure on the performance of AlGaN/GaN fin‐shaped HEMTs
Authors: Zhang Meng , Ma Xiaohua , Mi Minhan , Yang Ling , Wu Sheng , Hou Bin , Zhu Qing , Zhang Hengshuang , Wu Mei , Hao Yue 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a systematic theoretical study on the fin‐shaped AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with trigate structure and dual‐gate structure is performed by TCAD simulation. The influence of different gate structures and fin width on the DC performance of the fin‐shaped AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are mainly studied and compared. A simplified physical analysis of the influence of fin width and gate structure on the threshold voltage is made.