bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Conjunctival P2Y2 Receptor Alterations in the Cu, Zn-Superoxide Dismutase-1 (Sod1)–Knockout Dry Eye Model Mice
Authors: Dogru Murat , Shinzawa Megumi , Kojima Takashi , Shimizu Takahiko , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
To investigate the effects of aging on the conjunctival P2Y2 receptors, tear functions, and corneal epithelial status from 10 to 50 weeks in the Sod1

−/−
in comparison with the wild-type mice.

Methods:
Eight eyes of 4 Sod1

−/−
male mice and 8 eyes of 4 C57BL6 strain wild-type male mice were examined at 10 and 50 weeks in this study. Tear film breakup time (BUT) and corneal epithelial damage by fluorescein staining were evaluated. Phenol red–impregnated cotton threads were performed without topical anesthesia to measure aqueous tear quantity. Anterior segment photography was also performed at 10 and 50 weeks. Conjunctival specimens underwent immunohistochemistry stainings with anti P2Y2 antibodies. P2Y2 receptor mRNA expression in the bulbar conjunctiva was investigated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
The mean tear quantity and BUT scores significantly declined, and the mean fluorescein staining scores significantly increased in both strains of mice from 10 to 50 weeks. % mRNA expression for P2Y2 receptors significantly increased in both mice strains from 10 to 50 weeks.

Conclusion:
The tear stability, quantity, and ocular surface health decline with aging as evidenced by the decrease in tear BUT, tear quantity, and the increase in ocular surface staining. Conjunctival P2Y2 receptor mRNA was upregulated from 10 to 50 weeks, which we believe is a compensation for the decline of tear functions with aging.
The role of narrative in the development of children's pain memories: influences of father– and mother–child reminiscing on children's recall of pain
Authors: Noel Melanie , Pavlova Maria , Lund Tatiana , Jordan Abbie , Chorney Jill , Rasic Nivez , Brookes James , Hoy Monica , Yunker Warren K. , Graham Susan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Negatively biased memories for pain (ie, recalled pain is higher than initial report) robustly predict future pain experiences. During early childhood, parent–child reminiscing has been posited as playing a critical role in how children's memories are constructed and reconstructed; however, this has not been empirically demonstrated. This study examined the role of parent–child reminiscing about a recent painful surgery in young children's pain memory development. Participants included 112 children (Mage = 5.3 years; 60% boys) who underwent a tonsillectomy and one of their parents (34% fathers). Pain was assessed in hospital and during the recovery phase at home. Two weeks after surgery, parents and children attended a laboratory visit to participate in a structured narrative elicitation task wherein they reminisced about the surgery. Four weeks after surgery, children completed an established pain memory interview using the same previously administered scales through telephone. Narratives were coded for style (elaboration) and content (pain and emotion) based on coding schemes drawn from the developmental psychology literature. Findings revealed that a more elaborative parental reminiscing style in addition to greater use of emotional words predicted more accurate/positively biased pain memories. Greater parental use of pain words predicted more negatively biased pain memories. Although there were no sex and parent-role differences in pain memory biases, mothers and fathers differed in how they reminisced with their boys vs girls. This research underscores the importance of parent–child reminiscing in children's pain memory development and may be used to inform the development of a parent-led memory reframing intervention to improve pediatric pain management.
Endogenous pain modulation in children with functional abdominal pain disorders
Authors: Pas Roselien , Rheel Emma , Van Oosterwijck Sophie , Leysen Laurence , Van De Vijver Els , Nijs Jo , Ickmans Kelly , Meeus Mira 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are common among young individuals. To date, relatively little is known regarding the function of the endogenous analgesic mechanisms in this vulnerable group. Therefore, this case–control study aimed to compare conditioned pain modulation (CPM), pressure algometry, and psychosocial variables in 39 young children (aged 6-12 years) with FAPD and 36 age- and sex-matched pain-free controls. Pressure algometry was used to assess pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) at both symptomatic (umbilicus) as remote (trapezius and tibia) test sites. Conditioned pain modulation was recorded as an increase in the PPT at the trapezius test site in response to experimental conditioning pain imposed by the cold pressor task (12 ± 1°C). The assessors were blinded to the diagnoses. Parent-proxy and/or self-reported questionnaires were used to assess child's pain intensity, functional disability, pain-related fear, and parental pain catastrophizing. Compared with pain-free controls, young children with FAPD showed lower PPTs at all test sites (P < 0.05), a lower CPM response (P = 0.02), more functional disability (P < 0.001), and pain-related fear (P < 0.001). Parents of children with FAPD catastrophized more about their child's pain than parents of healthy children (P < 0.001). No sex differences were found for the experimental pain measurements (P > 0.05), nor was there a significant correlation between the child- and parent-reported questionnaires and the CPM effect (P > 0.05). In summary, young children with FAPD demonstrated secondary hyperalgesia and decreased functioning of endogenous analgesia.
Antihyperalgesic effects of Meteorin in the rat chronic constriction injury model: a replication study
Authors: Xie Jennifer Y. , Qu Chaoling , Munro Gordon , Petersen Kenneth A. , Porreca Frank 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Data from preclinical research have been suggested to suffer from a lack of inherent reproducibility across laboratories. The goal of our study was to replicate findings from a previous report that demonstrated positive effects of Meteorin, a novel neurotrophic factor, in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI). Notably, 5 to 6 intermittent subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of Meteorin had been reported to produce reversal of mechanical allodynia/thermal hyperalgesia after injury, wherein maximum efficacy of Meteorin was reached slowly and outlasted the elimination of the compound from the blood by several weeks. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of Meteorin in reversing hindpaw mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia in male, Sprague-Dawley rats with CCI. Nociceptive behavior was monitored before and after CCI, and after drug treatment until day 42 after injury. Systemic administration of recombinant mouse Meteorin (0.5 and 1.8 mg/kg, s.c.) at days 10, 12, 14, 17, and 19 after CCI produced a prolonged reversal of neuropathic hypersensitivity with efficacy comparable with that obtained with gabapentin (100 mg/kg, orally). Despite some protocol deviations (eg, nociceptive endpoint, animal vendor, testing laboratory, investigator, etc.) being incurred, these did not affect study outcome. By paying careful attention to key facets of study design, using bioactive material, and confirming drug exposure, the current data have replicated the salient findings of the previous study, promoting confidence in further advancement of this novel molecule as a potential therapy for neuropathic pain.
Pediatric Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity
Authors: Camhi Stephanie S. , Sangal Kajal , Kenyon Victoria , Lima Rosiane , Fasano Alessio , Leonard Maureen M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) presenting to a tertiary care center specialized for evaluation of gluten‐related disorders.Methods:The medical records of all patients aged 0 to 18 years who presented to our center over a 4‐year period (July 2013–June 2018) and consented to participate in our research registry were reviewed. Patients meeting the clinical criteria for NCGS were reviewed in detail.Results:Among 500 pediatric patients who volunteered to participate in the registry during the study period, we identified 26 (5.2%) with NCGS. Both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms associated with gluten ingestion were common with abdominal pain (57.7%), bloating (53.9%), rash (53.9%), diarrhea/loose stool (42.3%), and emotional/behavioral issues (42.3%) emerging as the predominant complaints. In addition, children with NCGS demonstrated a high personal history (61.5%) and family history (61.5%) of concomitant allergic/atopic disease.Conclusions:Even within our highly specialized population of patients with a suspected gluten‐related disorder, pediatric NCGS is relatively uncommon. The estimated prevalence and clinical features mirror those previously reported in a similarly highly selective population of adults. In the absence of celiac disease, clinical suspicion for NCGS should arise in a child with gastrointestinal and/or extraintestinal complaints alleviated with gluten removal and considered in symptomatic patients with associated allergic/atopic disease. Proper and adequate exclusion of celiac disease and other potential causes of the clinical complaints is essential to justify adoption of the gluten‐free diet according to an appropriate stringency and with dietitian supervision to avoid nutritional deficiencies.
Nurse-Led Mobility Program
Authors: Jones Renata A. , Merkle Sarah , Ruvalcaba Lynze , Ashton Pippin , Bailey Casey , Lopez Mary 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Hospitalized medical-surgical patients are at risk for adverse health outcomes due to immobility. Despite well-documented consequences, low mobility is prevalent.

Local Problem:
In a 547-bed hospital, medical-surgical patients were mobilized less frequently than expected. Physical therapists were inappropriately consulted 22% of the time for routine mobility of patients. A preimplementation survey of registered nurses indicated a lack of knowledge and confidence to safely mobilize patients.

Methods:
This quality improvement project implemented a nurse-led mobility program in an effort to increase early mobilization, reduce physical therapy referrals for routine mobility, and reduce the sequelae of immobility.

Interventions:
The Bedside Mobility Assessment Tool and standardized interventions were implemented on 5 medical-surgical units.

Results:
Postimplementation, nurse-led patient mobilizations increased by 40%, inappropriate physical therapy orders decreased 14%, and no significant change in patient falls or pressure injuries was noted.

Conclusion:
A nurse-led mobility program was effective in increasing safe, early mobilization of patients and improving the culture of mobility.
Impact of Sleep Disorders and Other Factors on the Quality of Life in General Population
Authors: Hallit Souheil , Hajj Aline , Sacre Hala , Al Karaki Gloria , Malaeb Diana , Kheir Nelly , Salameh Pascale , Hallit Rabih 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The study objective was to assess if insomnia, along with other factors, can impact the physical and mental quality of life (QOL) of the Lebanese general population. This cross-sectional study, conducted between November 2017 and March 2018, enrolled 756 community-dwelling participants. A first linear regression, using the SF-12 PCS score as the dependent variable, showed that having a family history of insomnia problems (β = 1.107, p = 0.026) was significantly associated with higher physical QOL (higher SF-12 PCS score), whereas increased stress (β = 0.048, p = 0.015) was significantly associated with lower physical QOL. A second linear regression, using the SF-12 MCS score as dependent variable, showed that having increased age (β = −0.079, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with lower mental QOL. Despite its cross-sectional design and the modest sample size, this study adds to the evidence that insomnia, along with other factors (including sociodemographic and psychological factors), can have a detrimental impact on both physical and mental QOL of participants.
Relationships Among Parental Psychological Distress, Parental Feeding Practices, Child Diet, and Child Body Mass Index
Authors: Jang Myoungock , Brandon Debra , Vorderstrasse Allison 
Published: March 2019

Background
Parents often play a main role in establishing the dietary patterns of preschool children, but there is no clear understanding about the relationship between parental psychological distress and child diet and body mass index (BMI).

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among parental psychological distress, parental feeding practices, child diet, and child BMI in families with young children.

Methods
We conducted a mixed-methods study with families (parent–child dyad) of children aged 2–5 years. Measures included demographic data, parental general stress, parenting stress, parental sleep quality, parental depressive symptoms, social support for parents, mealtime environment, child feeding practice, child diet, and child BMI, with well-validated questionnaires completed by parents. Using structural equation models, we examined the path relationships of these factors. We also interviewed a subsample of 13 parents.

Results
A total of 256 families participated. Higher parental psychological distress was associated with higher parental unhealthy feeding practices (B = 0.31, p < .01). However, a parental unhealthy practice in feeding was not associated with child's unhealthy diet or BMI. There was no direct relationship between parental psychological distress and child BMI. Social support for parents was significantly inversely related to parental psychological distress (B = −11.59, p < .01), and the relationship between social support for parents and parental unhealthy feeding practices approached significance (B = 6.11, p = .05). A main theme from analysis of parent interview was that parent stress and fatigue influenced their feeding and food preparation.

Discussion
Parental psychological distress is a critical influential factor in parental feeding practices. This finding highlights potential foci in intervention programs to address parental psychological distress.
The Association Between Health Literacy and Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Behaviors
Authors: Kim Kyounghae , Han Hae-Ra 
Published: March 2019

Background
Health literacy has been linked to breast and cervical cancer screening, with inconsistent findings, which may result from the use of nonprobability sampling and a health literacy instrument that measures a subset of health literacy.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the association between health literacy and breast and cervical cancer screening using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) that uses a nationally representative U.S. probability sample.

Methods
This cross-sectional, correlational study used national-level data from the 2016 BRFSS for women eligible for breast (N = 44,241) and cervical (N = 38,956) cancer screening per the American Cancer Society guidelines. A health literacy survey consisted of three items: oral (asking for medical advice), listening (understanding information that providers offer), and written (understanding printed health information) literacy. We extracted data regarding age, race/ethnicity, income, marital status, education, employment, insurance, and access to providers. Analyses were weighted using the complex survey design and multiple logistic regressions were used to test for the associations between health literacy and cancer screening after controlling for sociodemographic and healthcare system factors.

Results
Oral and listening literacies were contributing factors to up-to-date breast cancer screening (p = .002, p < .001, respectively). The association ceased to be significant in the presence of all three literacy items in one model. Oral and listening literacies were also associated with cervical cancer screening (p < .001, p = .005, respectively), but only oral literacy maintained significance in the presence of listening and written literacy items.

Discussion
Oral and listening literacies are contributing factors to lifetime breast cancer screening and up-to-date cervical cancer screening. Providers should create an atmosphere of effective patient–provider communication and informed decision-making by reducing health literacy demands in the medical encounter.
Effect of Outdoor Activities in Myopia Control: Meta-analysis of Clinical Studies
Authors: Deng Li , Pang Yi 
Published: March 2019

SIGNIFICANCE
Our meta-analyses assess the benefit of outdoor activities on myopia onset and myopic shift among school-aged children reported in prospective intervention studies.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the reduced risk of myopia development, myopic shift, and axial elongation with more outdoor activity time among school-aged children.

METHODS
A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, VisionCite, and Cochrane Library. Five clinical trials met our selection criteria. Three outcome variables were used to assess the benefit of intervention: relative risk (RR), difference in myopic shift rate, and difference in axial elongation rate. Meta-analyses were applied to each outcome variable under the random-effects model. Children were grouped according to their initial refractive status: initial myopes, initial nonmyopes, or mixed.

RESULTS
The pooled RR indicates that there is a reduced risk of developing myopia with more hours of outdoor activities per week (RR, 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49 to 0.89). The overall rate of myopic shift rate was slower in the intervention group compared with the control group (0.13 diopter/y; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.18). The axial elongation was also slower (−0.03 mm/y; 95% CI, −0.05 to −0.00). The benefit of slowing myopic shift was observed in all initially nonmyopic cohorts (three of three) and most of the initially myopic cohorts (two of three).

CONCLUSIONS
The meta-analysis results suggest that there is a slightly lower risk of myopia onset and myopic shift with more hours of outdoor activities. Future clinical trials are needed to assess its long-term effect and whether the effect varies by initial myopic status.
Optical Quality and Intraocular Scattering in the Diabetic Eye without Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Liu Jianting , Wang Xiaogang , Wang Jinfeng , Guo Haike 
Published: March 2019

SIGNIFICANCEThis study suggests that despite having comparable best-corrected visual acuity and normal fundus appearance, objective measurements of optical quality showed that patients with diabetes but without overt retinopathy may have impaired visual function. Screening using the Optical Quality Analysis System might help identify those patients.PURPOSEVisual impairments are common in diabetes, but the status of the problem is unclear before the development of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the optical quality and intraocular scattering in the diabetic eye without diabetic retinopathy.METHODSTwenty-seven patients with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy were enrolled. Twenty-seven age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers served as a control group. Optical quality parameters included modulation transfer function cutoff frequency, Strehl (two-dimensional) ratio, and Optical Quality Analysis System values at 100, 20, and 9 contrast levels. The objective scatter index was assessed using the Optical Quality Analysis System. Correlations were analyzed between the modulation transfer function cutoff, Strehl ratio, objective scatter index, and Optical Quality Analysis System value, and the age of the patient and the duration of diabetes mellitus.RESULTSThe diabetic group exhibited lower modulation transfer function cutoff, Strehl ratio, and Optical Quality Analysis System values at 100, 20, and 9% contrast levels and higher objective scatter index than did the controls (all,P< .01). There were no associations between the optical quality parameters and age or the duration of diabetes mellitus in the diabetic participants (all,P> .05). Moderate associations were found between all parameters obtained from the Optical Quality Analysis System and age in the control group (all,P< .01).CONCLUSIONSThis pilot study suggests that optical quality was reduced, and intraocular scattering increased in the diabetic eye without diabetic retinopathy compared with controls.
Social support buffers the negative influence of perceived injustice on pain interference in people living with HIV and chronic pain
Authors: Penn Terence M. , Trost Zina , Parker Romy , Wagner William P. , Owens Michael A. , Gonzalez Cesar E. , White Dyan M. , Merlin Jessica S. , Goodin Burel R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
A growing literature attests to the overwhelming prevalence of disabling chronic pain among people living with HIV (PLWH), yet very little is known about psychosocial contributors to poor chronic pain outcomes in this population. Pain-related perception of injustice may promote pain interference by hindering engagement in daily activities among individuals with chronic pain. Social support has been shown to buffer the negative impact of harmful beliefs on well-being and facilitate adjustment to chronic pain.

Objective:
This cross-sectional study tested the buffering hypothesis of social support to determine whether increasing levels of social support mitigate the negative influence of perceived injustice on pain interference.

Methods:
A total of 60 PLWH with chronic pain completed measures of perceived injustice, social support, pain severity, and interference, as well as depressive symptoms.

Results:
In a regression-based model adjusted for age, sex, depressive symptoms, and pain severity, results indicated that social support significantly moderated (ie, buffered) the association between perceived injustice and pain interference (P = 0.028). Specifically, it was found that perceived injustice was significantly associated with greater pain interference among PLWH with low levels of social support (P = 0.047), but not those with intermediate (P = 0.422) or high levels of social support (P = 0.381).

Conclusion:
Pain-related injustice perception reflects harmful beliefs regarding severity of loss consequent to chronic pain development, a sense of unfairness, and irreparability of loss. Access to a social support network may provide an adaptive means of mitigating the negative effects of perceived injustice.