bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Detection of Solar Flare Emission in Mid-ultraviolet Balmer Continuum
Authors: Dominique Marie , Zhukov Andrei N. , Heinzel Petr , Dammasch Ingolf E. , Wauters Laurence , Dolla Laurent , Shestov Sergei , Kretzschmar Matthieu , Machol Janet , Lapenta Giovanni , Schmutz Werner 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present the first detection of solar flare emission at mid-ultraviolet wavelengths around 2000 Å by the channel 2 of the Large-Yield RAdiometer (LYRA) on board the PRoject for OnBoard Autonomy 2 mission. The flare (SOL20170906) was also observed in the channel 1 of LYRA centered at the H i Lyα line at 1216 Å, showing a clear non-thermal profile in both channels. The flare radiation in channel 2 is consistent with the hydrogen Balmer continuum emission produced by an optically thin chromospheric slab heated up to 10,000 K. Simultaneous observations in channels 1 and 2 allow the separation of the line emission (primarily from the Lyα line) from the Balmer continuum emission. Together with the recent detection of the Balmer continuum emission in the near-ultraviolet by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrometer, the LYRA observations strengthen the interpretation of broadband flare emission as the hydrogen recombination continua originating in the chromosphere.
Making the Planetary Material Diversity during the Early Assembling of the Solar System
Authors: Pignatale Francesco C. , Charnoz Sébastien , Chaussidon Marc , Jacquet Emmanuel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Chondritic meteorites, the building blocks of terrestrial planets, are made of an out-of-equilibrium assemblage of solids formed at high and low temperatures, either in our Solar system or previous generations of stars. For decades this was considered to result from large-scale transport processes in the Sun’s isolated accretion disk. However, mounting evidence suggests that refractory inclusions in chondrites formed contemporaneously with the disk building. Here we numerically investigate, using a 1D model and several physical and chemical processes, the formation and transport of rocky materials during the collapse of the Sun’s parent cloud and the consequent assembling of the Solar Nebula. The interplay between the cloud collapse, the dynamics of gas and dust, vaporization, recondensation, and thermal processing of different species in the disk results in a local mixing of solids with different thermal histories. Moreover, our results also explain the overabundance of refractory materials far from the Sun and their short-formation timescales, during the first tens of kyr of the Sun, corresponding to class 0-I, opening new windows into the origin of the compositional diversity of chondrites.
Experimental Testing of Scattering Polarization Models
Authors: Li W. , Casini R. , Tomczyk S. , Degl’Innocenti E. Landi , Marsell B. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We realized a laboratory experiment to study the scattering polarization of the Na i D-doublet at 589.0 and 589.6 nm in the presence of a magnetic field. This work was stimulated by solar observations of that doublet, which have proven particularly challenging to explain through available models of polarized line formation, even to the point of casting doubts on our very understanding of the underlying physics. The purpose of the experiment was to test a quantum theory for the polarized scattering of spectrally flat incident radiation, on which much of the current magnetic diagnostics of stellar atmospheres is based. The experiment has confirmed the predictions of that theory, and its adequacy for the modeling of scattering polarization under flat-spectrum illumination.
Retinal Toxicity Study of Intravitreal Cyclosporin
Authors: Grisolano James , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
We investigated the toxicity of intravitreal cyclosporin in the rabbit. Histologic retinal changes were found with intravitreal injections of 200 µg. No histologic or electroretinographic changes were observed with doses of 100 µg or less. This nontoxic dose is projected to be at least 77 times the amount needed to be effective.
Characteristics of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in OCT Angiography in Latin American Patients
Authors: Arias Juan D. , Hoyos Andrea T. , Parra M. Margarita , Gutierrez Álvaro J. , Sanchez-Avila Ronald M. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To describe the imaging characteristics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and demonstrate its use as diagnostic method for this pathology in a Latin American population.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A case series.

RESULTS:

Fourteen eyes were evaluated. At baseline, the most frequent morphology was the “oval” type (76.9%), obtaining a reduction of 53.8% after treatment. The intrinsic finding of the polyps was hyporeflective content prior to treatment (80.8%), which reduced after treatment (7.7%) (
P
= .016).

CONCLUSIONS:
OCTA is a useful imaging tool for detecting findings that can guide the diagnosis of PCV without contrast medium. Likewise, it provides signs that can suggest the behavior of the lesion prior to and after treatment, enriching the understanding of the pathology and therefore aiming to an efficient therapy. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study in a Latin American population.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:748–756.]
Essential Role of Canonical NF-κB Activity in the Development of Stromal Cell Subsets in Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Authors: Bogdanova Dana , Takeuchi Arata , Ozawa Madoka , Kanda Yasuhiro , Rahman M. Azizur , Ludewig Burkhard , Kinashi Tatsuo , Katakai Tomoya 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Organized tissue structure in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) tightly depends on the development of fibroblastic stromal cells (FSCs) of mesenchymal origin; however, the mechanisms of this relationship are poorly understood. In this study, we specifically inactivated the canonical NF-κB pathway in FSCs in vivo by conditionally inducing IκBα mutant in a Ccl19-IκBSR mouse system in which NF-κB activity is likely to be suppressed in fetal FSC progenitors. Given that NF-κB activation in fetal FSCs is essential for SLO development, the animals were expected to lack SLOs. However, all SLOs were preserved in Ccl19-IκBSR mice. Instead, the T cell area was severely disturbed by the lack of CCL21-expressing FSCs, whereas the follicles and associated FSC networks were formed. Fate mapping revealed that IκBSR-expressing cells constituted only a small fraction of stromal compartment outside the follicles. Taken together, our findings indicate an essential role of the canonical NF-κB pathway activity in the development of three FSC subsets common to SLOs and suggest transient or stochastic CCL19 expression in FSC progenitors and a compensatory differentiation program of follicular FSCs.
Does T Cell Activation Require a Quorum of Lymphocytes?
Authors: Al-Yassin Ghassan A. , Bretscher Peter A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Recent reports suggest a quorum of T cells is required to activate T lymphocytes and that this requirement may help explain why scarce lymphocytes, specific for peripheral self-antigen, are rarely activated by Ag. This proposal runs counter to the commonly held framework that the Ag-dependent, but CD4 T lymphocyte–independent, activation of CD8 T lymphocytes, and the activation of CD4 T lymphocytes themselves, can occur when a single CD8 or CD4 T lymphocyte encounters Ag under appropriately dangerous circumstances. We argue that a review of older literature often ignored, as well as of contemporary studies, supports the quorum concept and is difficult to reconcile with the Danger Model.
Regional Climate Model Evaluation System powered by Apache Open Climate Workbench v1.3.0: an enabling tool for facilitating regional climate studies
Authors: Lee Huikyo , Goodman Alexander , McGibbney Lewis , Waliser Duane E. , Kim Jinwon , Loikith Paul C. , Gibson Peter B. , Massoud Elias C. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Regional Climate Model Evaluation System (RCMES) is an enabling tool of
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to support the United
States National Climate Assessment. As a comprehensive system for evaluating
climate models on regional and continental scales using observational
datasets from a variety of sources, RCMES is designed to yield information on
the performance of climate models and guide their improvement. Here, we
present a user-oriented document describing the latest version of RCMES, its
development process, and future plans for improvements. The main objective of
RCMES is to facilitate the climate model evaluation process at regional
scales. RCMES provides a framework for performing systematic evaluations of
climate simulations, such as those from the Coordinated Regional Climate
Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), using in situ observations, as well as satellite and reanalysis data
products. The main components of RCMES are (1) a database of observations
widely used for climate model evaluation, (2) various data loaders to import
climate models and observations on local file systems and Earth System Grid
Federation (ESGF) nodes, (3) a versatile processor to subset and regrid
the loaded datasets, (4) performance metrics designed to assess and quantify
model skill, (5) plotting routines to visualize the performance metrics,
(6) a toolkit for statistically downscaling climate model simulations, and
(7) two installation packages to maximize convenience of users without Python
skills. RCMES website is maintained up to date with a brief explanation of
these components. Although there are other open-source software (OSS)
toolkits that facilitate analysis and evaluation of climate models, there is
a need for climate scientists to participate in the development and
customization of OSS to study regional climate change. To establish
infrastructure and to ensure software sustainability, development of RCMES is
an open, publicly accessible process enabled by leveraging the Apache
Software Foundation's OSS library, Apache Open Climate Workbench (OCW). The
OCW software that powers RCMES includes a Python OSS library for common
climate model evaluation tasks as well as a set of user-friendly interfaces
for quickly configuring a model evaluation task. OCW also allows users to
build their own climate data analysis tools, such as the statistical
downscaling toolkit provided as a part of RCMES.
Assimilation of passive microwave AMSR-2 satellite observations in a snowpack evolution model over northeastern Canada
Authors: Larue Fanny , Royer Alain , De Sève Danielle , Roy Alexandre , Cosme Emmanuel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Over northeastern Canada, the amount of water stored in a
snowpack, estimated by its snow water equivalent (SWE) amount, is a key
variable for hydrological applications. The limited number of weather
stations driving snowpack models over large and remote northern areas
generates great uncertainty in SWE evolution. A data assimilation (DA) scheme
was developed to improve SWE estimates by updating meteorological forcing
data and snowpack states with passive microwave (PMW) satellite observations
and without using any surface-based data. In this DA experiment, a particle
filter with a Sequential Importance
Resampling algorithm (SIR) was applied and an
inflation technique of the observation error matrix was developed to avoid
ensemble degeneracy. Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR-2)
brightness temperature (TB) observations were assimilated into a
chain of models composed of the Crocus multilayer snowpack model and
radiative transfer models. The microwave snow emission model (Dense Media
Radiative Transfer – Multi-Layer model, DMRT-ML), the vegetation transmissivity
model (ω-τopt), and atmospheric and soil radiative
transfer models were calibrated to simulate the contributions from the
snowpack, the vegetation, and the soil, respectively, at the top of the
atmosphere. DA experiments were performed for 12 stations where daily
continuous SWE measurements were acquired over 4 winters (2012–2016). Best
SWE estimates are obtained with the assimilation of the TBs at
11, 19, and 37 GHz in vertical polarizations. The overall SWE bias is reduced
by 68 % compared to the original SWE simulations, from 23.7 kg m−2
without assimilation to 7.5 kg m−2 with the assimilation of the three
frequencies. The overall SWE relative percentage of error (RPE) is 14.1 %
(19 % without assimilation) for sites with a fraction of forest cover
below 75 %, which is in the range of accuracy needed for hydrological
applications. This research opens the way for global applications to improve
SWE estimates over large and remote areas, even when vegetation contributions
are up to 50 % of the PMW signal.
Assessing variability of wind speed: comparison and validation of 27 methodologies
Authors: Lee Joseph C. Y. , Fields M. Jason , Lundquist Julie K. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Because wind resources vary from year to year, the
intermonthly and interannual variability (IAV) of wind speed is a key
component of the overall uncertainty in the wind resource assessment
process, thereby creating challenges for wind farm operators and owners. We
present a critical assessment of several common approaches for calculating
variability by applying each of the methods to the same 37-year monthly
wind-speed and energy-production time series to highlight the differences
between these methods. We then assess the accuracy of the variability
calculations by correlating the wind-speed variability estimates to the
variabilities of actual wind farm energy production. We recommend the robust
coefficient of variation (RCoV) for systematically estimating variability,
and we underscore its advantages as well as the importance of using a
statistically robust and resistant method. Using normalized spread metrics,
including RCoV, high variability of monthly mean wind speeds at a location
effectively denotes strong fluctuations of monthly total energy generation,
and vice versa. Meanwhile, the wind-speed IAVs computed with annual-mean
data fail to adequately represent energy-production IAVs of wind farms.
Finally, we find that estimates of energy-generation variability require 10±3 years of monthly mean wind-speed records to achieve a 90 %
statistical confidence. This paper also provides guidance on the spatial
distribution of wind-speed RCoV.
Niemand wil dode Chinezen in een afgesloten container
Authors: Hoes Lotte , Kleemans Edward 
Published: November 2018

Nobody wants dead Chinese in a locked container Human smuggling investigations and the so-called ban on passage of people
According to Dutch law, investigating officers have to comply with a so-called ban on passage of people, in cases of concrete ‘knowledge’ about human smuggling, making intervention obligatory (in order to protect smuggled migrants). Nevertheless, a formal exception procedure is possible if non-intervention would be in the interest of the investigation. This exception procedure, however, is not used in practice. Based on interviews with investigating officers, this paper concludes that protection of smuggled migrants is a very important aim as such, that ‘knowledge’ is a complex concept as it is not always very concrete, that making this ‘knowledge’ more concrete depends on actual investigative efforts, and that – if this information is concrete – there are various ways in which interventions can take place that do not jeopardize the aims of the investigation.
Leren over radicalisering
Authors: Frissen Karin , Janssen Janine 
Published: November 2018

Radicalization: lessons learned while teaching professionals
In this contribution is explained what the researchers have learned from developing a course for professionals regarding recognizing signs of radicalization among youngsters. Giving this training has given us insight into the knowledge and expertise that professionals possess. The participants in our training were all enthusiastic and competent professionals. The will to support these young people and their families is great. But we have also encountered some bottlenecks: there is not sufficient time to maintain contacts with informal networks and next to that we have noticed that professionals are often insecure, meaning that they don’t know how to handle a case and/or who to contact for further advice or another form of help in dealing with these cases. As a consequence professionals might feel isolated and left behind within the institutions that they are working in. For the future we would like to see that this problem of what in The Netherlands is referred to as ‘professional loneliness’ is addressed.
Reclassering in een veranderende omgeving
Authors: van Vliet Jaap A. 
Published: November 2018

Probation in a changing environment Some remarks on an advice of The Council for the Administration of Criminal Justice and Protection of Juveniles (RSJ) from 30th of May 2017.
The article describes some highlights of the advice and concludes that the document mainly describes the current situation of the probationservice. The advice may possibly contribute to the upcoming discussion regarding the organization of the probation service.
Efeitos dos treinamentos metabólico e de força no estado de humor
Authors: Laux Rafael Cunha , Mattiello Gabriel Fernando , Corazza Sara Teresinha 
Published: November 2018

Introdução: O estado de humor relaciona-se diretamente com a qualidade de vida e esta pode ser melhorada com a prática de exercício físico. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos de uma sessão de treinamento funcional intenso de força e metabólico sobre o estado de humor. Material e Métodos: O grupo de estudo foi constituído por 29 sujeitos com idade média de 32,76±10,39 anos, praticantes de treinamento funcional. Avaliou-se o estado de humor dos sujeitos utilizando a escala de Brunel (BRUMS) e a intensidade do treinamento foi controlada utilizando-se a escala de BORG. Cada sessão de treinamento teve duração 65 minutos. Resultados: Verificou-se melhora no estado de humor, observada pela melhora dos aspectos relacionados a tensão e a raiva nos dois modelos de treinamento e dos aspectos de depressão no treinamento de força quando comparados o pré e o pós treinamento. Conclusão: A intervenção com treinamento físico funcional melhorou o estado de humor nos aspectos de tensão, raiva e depressão dos participantes.
Influência do nível de atividade física sobre o desempenho cognitivo no teste de Stroop
Authors: Barbieri João Francisco , Castaño Luz Albany Arcila , Sampaio Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho , Sampaio Priscila Yukari Sewo , Uchida Marco Carlos 
Published: November 2018

Introdução: O teste de Stroop é comumente utilizado para avaliar a flexibilidade cognitiva e função executiva. O teste mostrou correlacionar-se com variáveis como idade, nível educacional e atividade física, porém, pouco se sabe sobre as variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho no teste em populações previamente ativas. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho no teste de Stroop em população fisicamente ativa. Métodos: 89 estudantes foram recrutados, os mesmos tiveram seus níveis de atividade física avaliado por questionário e composição corporal avaliada por bioimpedância. Resultado: Observamos que as variáveis relacionadas à prática de atividade física não apresentaram correlação com o teste de Stroop. Foi identificado correlação do teste com as variáveis peso corporal e índice de massa corporal (IMC), sendo que maiores valores de peso e IMC resultaram em melhor desempenho no teste. Conclusão: Para indivíduos fisicamente ativos, outros fatores parecem ser preponderantes à atividade física com relação ao desempenho no teste de Stroop.
Trayectorias educativas según género. Lo invisible para la política educativa chilena
Authors: Baeza Reyes Andrea , Lamadrid Álvarez Silvia 
Published: November 2018

Chile se encuentra en un momento de reformas de política educativa para contrarrestar su marcada desigualdad, pero la perspectiva de género sigue al margen de la toma de decisiones. Más allá del acceso igualitario a las escuelas, diversos indicadores nacionales e internacionales muestran la persistencia de brechas de aprendizaje entre hombres y mujeres y cómo éstas se traducen en perjuicios para ellas cuando acceden al mercado laboral. En este contexto, realizamos un estudio cualitativo en una escuela de Santiago de Chile, sobre los discursos de estudiantes y docentes de Enseñanza Media acerca de las trayectorias educativas de hombres y mujeres. Gran parte de los agentes educativos se refieren de manera acrítica a la segregación en las elecciones vocacionales de las y los jóvenes, y el desarrollo de autonomía económica para las mujeres es cuestionado principalmente por los varones, aun cuando declaran cambios en los roles de género movilizados precisamente por la educación. Se constata además, una escasez de estrategias formales al interior de la escuela para abordar la temática, en contraste con el interés del cuerpo docente por formar de manera más integral a sus estudiantes. Ello permite debatir la eficacia de la actual política educativa en Chile y proponer acciones de mejora para generar trayectorias en igualdad.
An Investigation on Polymerization of Ethylene by Ziegler-Natta Catalyst in the Presence of a Promoter: Polymerization Behavior and Polymer Microstructure
Authors: Gholami Yaghoob , Abdouss Majid , Abedi Sadegh , Azadi Farhad , Baniani Pezhman , Arsalanfar Maryam 
Published: November 2018

The effect of a halocarbon (ethyl chloride) as a promoter on a Ziegler-Natta catalyst composed of‌ T‌iCl4 (catalyst), AlEt3 (activator) and Mg(OEt)2 (support) in the polymerization of ethylene have been investigated. In addition, the impact of this compound on the structural and thermal properties of the produced polyethylene has been studied. The catalyst activity and polymerization rate increased almost up to twice when a suitable molar ratio of ethyl chloride to triethylaluminum (TEA) was used. There was no change in the type of the profile of the polymerization rate during the polymerization time. A reduction in the polymer molecular weight was observed in the presence of the promoter and hydrogen. In addition, the MWD curve shifted toward lower values in the presence of ethyl chloride. Furthermore, a numerical method was used to obtain the most probable chain-length distribution, number average molecular weight and weight fraction corresponding to each site type in the presence and absence of the promoter. Since, the catalyst had an irregular shape, the produced polymer also showed a similar morphology. In addition, the promoter used in the polymerization did not have any effect on the produced polymer morphology. The DSC results indicated that the presence of the promoter in the polymerization led to a decrease in the melting point of the produced polymer; whereas, there were no remarkable changes in the crystallization temperature of the polymers.