bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risikofaktoren für einen frühen OP-Zeitpunkt und chirurgische Komplikationen bei Morbus Crohn
Authors: Kühn Florian , Nixdorf Maximilian , Schwandner Frank , Klar Ernst 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Trotz der Weiterentwicklung der medikamentösen Therapie und eines mittlerweile signifikant späteren OP-Zeitpunkts wird bei einem Großteil der Patienten mit Morbus Crohn im Laufe der weiterhin kausal unheilbaren Erkrankung eine oder mehrere chirurgische Interventionen notwendig.
Methodik Retrospektive Analyse 120 konsekutiver Patienten, die aufgrund eines Morbus Crohn an der Universitätsmedizin Rostock (UMR) operiert wurden. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mittels SPSS.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 284 Operationen an 120 Patienten erfasst, wovon 207 Eingriffe an der UMR durchgeführt wurden. Das mittlere Alter bei Erstoperation lag bei 38 Jahren (Range: 17 – 66), die Erstdiagnose des Morbus Crohn erfolgte im Alter von 30 Jahren (Range: 9 – 62). Jeder Patient wurde während seiner Erkrankung 2 – 3 × operiert (Range: 1 – 9). Je älter Patienten bei Erstdiagnose waren, desto kürzer war das Intervall bis zur Erstoperation. Die Anzahl der Operationen pro Patient wurde von Lokalisation und Verhalten der Erkrankung signifikant beeinflusst, wobei ein penetrierendes Verhalten mit einer höheren und ein Befall des terminalen Ileums (L1) mit einer niedrigeren OP-Frequenz assoziiert waren. Risikofaktoren für Komplikationen > Grad III nach Clavien-Dindo waren unter anderem ein höheres Alter bei Operation sowie bei Erstdiagnose, ein verminderter Albuminspiegel und ein erhöhtes CRP. Anastomoseninsuffizienzen waren ebenfalls mit den genannten Risikofaktoren sowie der präoperativen Einnahme von > 20 mg Prednisolonäquivalent pro Tag bzw. einer Gesamtdosis von > 280 mg über die letzten 14 Tage vor OP assoziiert. Anastomosenkonfiguration sowie ein mikroskopischer Befall der Resektionsränder hatten keinen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf die Entstehung einer Anastomoseninsuffizienz.
Schlussfolgerung Eine Diagnosestellung nach dem 30. Lebensjahr war in dieser Analyse mit einem signifikant früheren OP-Zeitpunkt assoziiert. Patienten mit Befall des terminalen Ileums (L1) hatten eine signifikant geringere OP-Frequenz als Patienten mit Kolon- oder kombiniertem Morbus-Crohn-Befall. Alter, Albumin, CRP und eine Steroidmedikation > 20 mg pro Tag zeigten sich als Prädiktoren für perioperative Komplikationen.
Silymarin Prevents Memory Impairments, Anxiety, and Depressive-Like Symptoms in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: El-Elimat Tamam , Alzoubi Karem , AbuAlSamen Mahmoud , Al Subeh Zeinab , Graf Tyler , Oberlies Nicholas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychopathological disease that is triggered by exposure to traumatic events. It is usually associated with substantial comorbidities, such as cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. Silymarin has been recently reported to exert neuroprotective activities against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimerʼs and Parkinsonʼs diseases. Herein, the beneficial effects of silymarin in ameliorating PTSD-like symptoms such as memory impairments, anxiety, and depression were evaluated using a single-prolonged stress (SPS) rat model of PTSD. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control, silymarin, SPS, or SPS + silymarin. Rats were administrated silymarin, 100 mg/kg i. p. for 4 wk. Rats in all groups were tested for short- and long-term memory in the radial arm water maze (RAWM), for anxiety-like behaviors using the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and for depression-like symptoms using the tail suspension test (TST). Conventional analyses of the RAWM, EPM, OFT, and TST were conducted using analysis of variance. Additionally, the anxiety-related behavior parameters of the EPM and OFT were entered to principal component analysis. Regression scores based on the first two extracted components, which accounted for 61% of the variance, were indicative of the anxiolytic activity of silymarin. Collectively, the results suggest that silymarin treatment prevents SPS-induced long-term memory impairments, anxiety, and depressive-like symptoms in rat models.
Spilanthol, the Principal Alkylamide from Acmella oleracea, Attenuates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Mice
Authors: de Freitas-Blanco Veronica , Monteiro Karin , de Oliveira Patrícia , de Oliveira Ellen , de Oliveira Braga Lucia , de Carvalho João , Ferreira Rodrigues Rodney 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMucositis is one of the commonest side effects in cancer patients undergoing treatment with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, and it currently lacks appropriate and effective treatment. Acmella oleracea, a species of flowering herb from South America, contains spilanthol, an alkylamide that has several pharmacological properties, including anesthetic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of spilanthol in intestinal mucositis in Swiss mice induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antineoplastic agent administered systemically for the treatment of many different cancers. The repeated administration of 5-FU resulted in intestinal mucositis and consequent decreased food intake, together with weight loss, in all the animals. Daily administration of spilanthol significantly lowered the severity of intestinal mucositis, reducing histopathological changes and increasing the villus height in the animals treated with spilanthol at a dosage of 30 mg/kg (p < 0.0044) compared to a group exposed only to 5-FU. A decrease of myeloperoxidase activity was also observed in the animals treated with 30 mg/kg of spilanthol (p < 0.05), although several pro-inflammatory cytokines were not quantifiable in any group. In conclusion, the data demonstrated that spilanthol effectively reduced inflammation in a mouse model of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU, and that the compound might be a promising therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of this condition.
Contribution of Red Blood Cells to the Saturable Mechanism of Heparin Clearance
Authors: Young Edward , Hirsh Jack 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe pattern of clearance of intravenously administered heparin suggests the participation of a saturable mechanism which has been ascribed to heparin binding to the endothelium. Another potential site of heparin binding which may contribute to the saturable mechanism is the red blood cells. We have examined this possibility using unfractionated heparin together with a chemically-modified low affinity heparin labelled with tritium as tracer. Unfractionated heparin and the radioactive tracer were added to pooled plasma at a fixed concentration. The heparinized plasma was mixed with red cells to reconstitute whole blood. After centrifugation, the radioactivity, APTT, anti-Xa and anti-Ila activities were measured in the resultant plasmas. No evidence of significant binding to red cells could be detected even when the hematocrits of the reconstituted whole blood were increased. These results are at variance with those of a previously published report. We conclude that red cell binding does not contribute to the saturable mechanism of heparin clearance.
Partial Purification of a Specific Plasminogen Activator from Porcine Parotid Glands
Authors: Cartwright Terence 
Published: August 2018

SummaryA method is described for the extraction with buffers of near physiological pH of a plasminogen activator from porcine salivary glands. Substantial purification of the activator was achieved although this was to some extent complicated by concomitant extraction of nucleic acid from the glands. Preliminary characterization experiments using specific inhibitors suggested that the activator functioned by a similar mechanism to that proposed for urokinase, but with some important kinetic differences in two-stage assay systems. The lack of reactivity of the pig gland enzyme in these systems might be related to the tendency to protein-protein interactions observed with this material.
Die Wirkung intravenös applizierter Streptokinase auf Fibrinolyse und Blutgerinnung
Authors: Deutsch E , Fischer M , Marschner I , Kock M 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung1. Es wird über die erfolgreiche Auslösung und Erhaltung einer dosierten Fibrinolyse durch intravenöse Anwendung von Streptokinase berichtet.2. Die erforderliche Streptokinasemenge wird im Streptokinase-Resistenz-Test ermittelt. Die errechnete Menge wird als Anflutung innerhalb von 10 bis 20 Minuten intravenös injiziert. Zur Erhaltung der Wirkung haben sich zwei Drittel der Dosis als Infusion pro Stunde als ausreichend erwiesen. Nach einigen Stunden kann diese Dosis noch etwas reduziert werden.3. Die Streptokinase bedingt das Auftreten von freiem Fibrinolysin und den Aufbrauch des Profibrinolysins. Die Dosierung sollte so gewählt werden, daß etwas Profibrinolysin nachweisbar bleibt, doch dürfte dies für eine erfolgreiche Thrombosebehandlung nicht unbedingt erforderlich sein, da das Eindringen von Streptokinase bzw. Aktivator in den Thrombus wichtiger erscheint als die direkte Einwirkung von Fibrinolysin auf die Oberfläche des Thrombus.4. Gleichzeitig werden Fibrinogen und die Faktoren V und VIII reduziert. Sobald die Fibrinolyse aktiviert ist, tritt ein wirksames Antithrombin (VI) auf, das eine Verlängerung der Thrombinzeit, der globalen Gerinnungsteste und eine Veränderung des Gerinnselaufbaues mit Verminderung der Gerinnselelastizität bewirkt.5. Zur routinemäßigen Kontrolle des Auftretens der fibrinolytischen Aktivität werden das Thrombelastogramm oder die Euglobulin-Lyse-Zeit, zur Kontrolle der Gerinnungsveränderungen die Thrombinzeit empfohlen. Wahrscheinlich genügt die stündliche Durchführung des letztgenannten Testes für die Überwachung der Therapie.6. Die Infusionen wurden ohne wesentliche Komplikationen vertragen. Als Spätfolge tritt eine Sensibilisierung mit Anstieg der Immun-Antistreptokinase auf, die sich in einer Zunahme der Streptokinase-Resistenz und in einem positiven Test nach Ouchterlony auswirkt.
Kontrolle der Antikoagulantientherapie mit dem Heparmoid-Toleranztest*
Authors: Jürgens J 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird eine Modifikation des Heparintoleranztestes beschrieben, bei der plättchenschonend gewonnenes Zitratblut nach Zusatz eines Heparinoids rekalzi-fiziert wird. Der Vorteil der Methode liegt in der praktisch unbegrenzten Haltbarkeit der verwendeten hohen Endverdünnungen des Heparinoids.Der Heparinoidtoleranztest hat sich besonders für die Kontrolle der Anti-koagulantientherapie mit Dicumarolanalogen bewährt. Sind die Thrombopla-stinzeiten stark und die Heparinoidzeiten wenig beeinflußt, so besteht eine abfallende Tendenz der Verlaufskurve, wie stets zu Beginn der Antikoagulan-tientherapie. Sind hingegen die Heparinoidzeiten stärker als die Thrombo-plastinzeiten beeinflußt, so befindet sich die Verlaufskurve im Anstieg.
Fibrin-Coated Collagen Fleece Seems to Prevent Sternal Instability after Cardiac Surgery: A Matched Pair Data Analysis
Authors: Roth Peter , Stella Jenna , Niemann Bernd , Grieshaber Philippe , Roehrig Rainer , Böning Andreas 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background To examine if fibrin-coated collagen fleece (Tachosil) interferes with bone and wound healing when it is used on the cut surface of the sternum after median sternotomy.
Methods A total of 25 patients with osteoporotic sternal disorders were treated with fibrin-coated collagen fleece at the cut surface of the sternum after median sternotomy (therapy group). We compared the occurrence of impaired wound healing and sternal instability, reoperation rate, and 30-day mortality with a control group of 25 case-matched patients. After matching for age, gender, and risk factors for sternal instability (diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, body mass index, nicotine consumption), both groups were comparable.
Results Sternal instability occurred in one (4%) patient in the study group and in five (20%) patients in the control group. Impaired wound healing occurred in one (4%) patient in the therapy group and two (8%) patients in the control group. Reoperation was necessary in four (16%) patients in the therapy group and 6 (24%) patients in the control group. The 30-day mortality occurred in six (24%) patients in the therapy group and four (16%) patients in the control group.
Conclusions The use of fibrin-coated collagen fleece on the cut surface of the sternum in patients with osteoporosis does not impair bone and wound healing. Furthermore, it seems to result in less sternal instability. A larger prospective study is necessary to verify the results of this explorative study.
External Prosthetic Reinforcement of the Pulmonary Autograft
Authors: Sames-Dolzer Eva , Schimetta Wolfgang , Kreuzer Michaela , Müller Hannes , Zierer Andreas , Mair Rudolf , Ratschiller Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Background Neo-aortic root dilatation accounts for the majority of reoperations needed after the Ross procedure with implantation of the pulmonary autograft as complete root replacement. This study evaluates early results of external prosthetic reinforcement of the autograft.
Methods From July 2015 to October 2017, 16 adolescent and adult patients received a Ross procedure at our department by this technique. A congenital-dysplastic valve was present in 13 patients, including 9 patients with a bicuspid aortic valve. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up is complete with a mean duration of 19.7 ± 5.8 months.
Results The mean age at operation was 27.1 ± 16.1 years. Mean aortic cross-clamping time was 102 ± 39 minutes. No bleeding complication occurred. The median stay on the intensive care unit was 2 days. In-hospital mortality was 0%. All patients were discharged with no or trivial aortic regurgitation. In one patient both the autograft and homograft were replaced because of endocarditis 3 months after the primary operation, leading to 93.8% freedom from reoperation at 2 years. There were no late deaths during the study period. The latest echocardiography confirmed absence of aortic regurgitation grade >I in all patients. Neo-aortic root diameters remained stable during follow-up.
Conclusion The presented modification of the Ross procedure does not prolong ischemia time, and can be performed with a low operative morbidity and mortality and an excellent early valve function.
Technique for Latex Injection and Reuse of Human Heads Preserved in Formaldehyde
Authors: Dolci Ricardo L.L. , Burchianti Lívia Castellari , Todeschini Alexandre Bossi , Lopes Andre Fanhani , Barros Mirna Duarte , Santos Américo Rubens Leite dos , Lazarini Paulo Roberto 
Published: August 2018

Background Understanding the anatomy of the skull base is paramount for every skull base surgeon, particularly in light of the expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches, and of the refined surgical technique used in both medial and lateral approaches. A comprehensive knowledge of anatomy is the cornerstone for a safe surgery, maximizing resection and minimizing complications. The best study method is the careful dissection of fresh human cadaveric heads in a well-equipped anatomy laboratory. In this study, we describe our protocol for preparing cadaveric specimens without vascular injection, which had been preserved in a formaldehyde solution after treating them with a dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride/distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride solution (commercial fabric softener) and injecting the vascular system with latex.
Method Six cadaveric specimens underwent our treatment and subsequent injection of the vascular system and dissection.
Results All specimens showed a good penetration of the latex and a clear improvement of the malleability of the tissues was noticed. The authors agree that this technique improved the quality of the head and facilitated studying.
Conclusion We consider this an effective treatment with latex, reaching small caliber vessels, and a greater malleability and flexibility of tissues, allowing better dissections, and greater anatomical exposure, making them suitable for skull base training, study, and research.
Feedback-mediated signal conversion promotes viral fitness
Authors: Vardi Noam , Chaturvedi Sonali , Weinberger Leor S. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
How biological systems robustly sustain differentiated states is under active study. Here, we find that human cytomegalovirus, a herpesvirus that is a major cause of birth defects, encodes a transcriptional positive-feedback loop that temporally extends transient activation signals carried in the incoming viral particle to sustain the viral lytic expression cycle. Attenuation of this feedback loop severely impacts virus fitness, suggesting a new antiviral target that may extend to other herpesviruses.
Lifetime dynamics of plasmons in the few-atom limit
Authors: Chapkin Kyle D. , Bursi Luca , Stec Grant J. , Lauchner Adam , Hogan Nathaniel J. , Cui Yao , Nordlander Peter , Halas Naomi J. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
In this work, we study collective electronic excitations—plasmons—in the few-atom limit in charged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. These systems are the zero-dimensional limit of graphene, consisting of only a few fused aromatic carbon rings where the perimeter atoms are bonded to hydrogen. As systems identified as supporting plasmons, established by the transfer of a single electron to or from the neutral PAH molecule, they are perhaps the most optimal examples where a clear distinction between plasmons and single electron–hole pair excitations can be rigorously made. Here, we study the lifetime dynamics of charged versus neutral PAH molecules to characterize the relaxation channels in these quantum plasmon systems.
Multidimensional comparison of countries’ adaptation to societal aging
Authors: Chen Cynthia , Goldman Dana P. , Zissimopoulos Julie , Rowe John W. ,   Research Network on an Aging Society, Antonucci Toni , Berkman Lisa , Borsch-Supan Axel , Carstensen Laura , Chen Cynthia , Fried Linda , Furstenberg Frank , Goldman Dana P. , Kohli Martin , Jackson James , Olshansky Jay , Rehkopf David , Rother John , Rowe John , Zissimopoulos Julie 
Published: August 2018

Significance
The proportion of older adults in the population is growing rapidly across the globe. This demographic transformation into “aging societies” presents very consequential economic and social risks. Countries vary substantially in the degree to which they have been aging and in their establishment of the policies, supports, and services needed to facilitate the well-being of older persons. Based on a multidimensional definition of a successfully aging society, we present an index that quantifies the degree to which nations are effectively facing the challenge of population aging. This index permits comparisons across countries and facilitates identifications of gaps within countries in adaptation as well as approaches that have been effective in closing such gaps.
Aversion to ambiguity and model misspecification in dynamic stochastic environments
Authors: Hansen Lars Peter , Miao Jianjun 
Published: August 2018

Significance
In many dynamic economic settings, a decision maker finds it challenging to quantify the uncertainty or assess the potential for mistakes in models. We explore alternative ways of acknowledging these challenges by drawing on insights from decision theory as conceptualized in statistics, engineering, and economics. We suggest tractable and revealing ways to incorporate behavioral responses to uncertainty, broadly conceived. Our analysis adopts recursive intertemporal preferences for decision makers that allow them to be ambiguity averse and concerned about the potential misspecification of subjective uncertainty. By design, these representations have revealing implications for continuous time environments with Brownian information structures. Problems where uncertainty’s structure is obscure, such as macroeconomics, finance, and climate change, are promising areas for application of these tools.
The kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect of the large-scale structure (II): the effect of modified gravity
Authors: Roncarelli M , Baldi M , Villaescusa-Navarro F 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
The key to understand the nature of dark energy lies in our ability to probe the distant Universe. In this framework, the recent detection of the kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect signature in the cosmic microwave background obtained with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) is extremely useful since this observable is sensitive to the high-redshift diffuse plasma. We analyse a set of cosmological hydrodynamical simulation with four different realizations of a Hu & Sawicki f(R) gravity model, parametrized by the values of $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$= (0, −10−6, −10−5, −10−4), to compute the properties of the kSZ effect due to the ionized Universe and how they depend on $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$ and on the redshift of reionization, zre. In the standard General Relativity limit ($\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$= 0) we obtain an amplitude of the kSZ power spectrum of $\mathcal {D}^{\rm kSZ}_{3000}$$= 4.1\,$$\mu$K2 (zre= 8.8), close to the +1σ limit of the $\mathcal {D}^{\rm kSZ}_{3000}$$= (2.9\pm 1.3)\,$$\mu$K2 measurement by SPT. This corresponds to an upper limit on the kSZ contribute from patchy reionization of $\mathcal {D}^{\rm kSZ,patchy}_{3000}$$\lt 0.9\,$$\mu$K2 (95 per cent confidence level). Modified gravity boosts the kSZ signal by about 3, 12, and 50 per cent for $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$=(− 10−6, −10−5, −10−4), respectively, with almost no dependence on the angular scale. This means that with modified gravity the limits on patchy reionization shrink significantly: for $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$=−10−5 we obtain $\mathcal {D}^{\rm kSZ,patchy}_{3000}$$\lt 0.4\,$$\mu$K2. Finally, we provide an analytical formula for the scaling of the kSZ power spectrum with zre and $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$ at different multipoles: at ℓ = 3000 we obtain $\mathcal {D}^{\rm kSZ}_{3000}$ ∝ zre$^{0.24}\left(1+\sqrt{\left|\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}\right|}\right)^{41}$.
Nicotine dependence among adolescents in the European Union: How many and who are affected?
Authors: Coban F R , Kunst A E , Van Stralen M M , Richter M , Rathmann K , Perelman J , Alves J , Federico B , Rimpelä A , Lorant V , Kuipers M A G 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Nicotine dependence during adolescence increases the risk of continuing smoking into adulthood. The magnitude of nicotine dependence among adolescents in the European Union (EU) has not been established. We aimed to estimate the number of nicotine dependent 15-year-old adolescents in the EU, and identify high-risk groups.

Methods
The number of nicotine dependent 15-year-olds in the EU was derived combining: (i) total number of 15-year-olds in the EU (2013 Eurostat), (ii) smoking prevalence among 15-year-olds (2013/2014 HBSC survey) and (iii) proportion of nicotine dependent 15-year-olds in six EU countries (2013 SILNE survey). Logistic regression analyses identified high-risk groups in the SILNE dataset.

Results
We estimated 172 636 15-year-olds were moderately to highly nicotine dependent (3.2% of all 15 years old; 35.3% of daily smokers). In the total population, risk of nicotine dependence was higher in males, adolescents with poor academic achievement, and those with smoking parents or friends. Among daily smokers, only lower academic achievement and younger age of smoking onset were associated with nicotine dependence.

Conclusion
According to our conservative estimates, more than 172 000 15-year-old EU adolescents were nicotine dependent in 2013. Prevention of smoking initiation, especially among adolescents with poor academic performance, is necessary to prevent a similar number of adolescents getting addicted to nicotine each consecutive year.