bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross country maize market linkages in Africa: integration and price transmission across local and global markets
Authors: Pierre Guillaume , Kaminski Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn order to study short‐run price shock propagation, we model twenty seven Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) domestic maize markets within a Global Vector Autoregression framework. The main purpose is to fully embed multilateral trade flows as a way to better structure local price transmission dynamics and interdependencies, and get a more comprehensive picture of food price shocks propagation. We found significant between‐country market contagion and prompt regional price shock propagation when trade connection exists. Yet, the integration of SSA domestic maize markets within the continent and with global markets remains generally weak. Furthermore, under regular market conditions, most local price series appear to be more responsive to regional neighbors than to global shocks.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of refractoriness to optimal proton pump inhibitor therapy in non‐erosive reflux disease
Authors: Ribolsi Mentore , Cicala Michele , Zentilin Patrizia , Neri Matteo , Mauro Aurelio , Efthymakis Konstantinos , Petitti Tommasangelo , Savarino Vincenzo , Penagini Roberto 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe real size of the gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) population not responding to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy has still not been fully elucidated. Causes of PPI refractoriness include incorrect diagnosis and lack of adherence to therapy, in terms of incorrect dosage and timing.AimsTo evaluate the prevalence of refractoriness to optimal PPI therapy and the contribution of non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD), reflux hypersensitivity, and functional heartburn, to PPI refractoriness. The association of functional GI symptoms in non‐responders was evaluated.MethodsFrequency and severity of GERD symptoms (heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain), dysphagia, belching, epigastric pain, postprandial distress, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), globus, and ear nose and throat (ENT) symptoms were evaluated in patients previously classified as non‐responders. Patients with at least one of the oesophageal symptoms with a frequency ≥3 /week were treated with esomeprazole 40 mg once daily for 8 weeks and then re‐evaluated. Non‐responders (patients with oesophageal symptoms ≥3 times per week) underwent 24 hour multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring.ResultsOf 573 consecutive patients, 92 with oesophageal symptoms and classified as PPI‐refractory underwent the esomeprazole trial; 60 did not respond. IBS, epigastric pain, and post‐prandial distress episodes were associated with a poor response on multivariate analysis. NERD, reflux hypersensitivity, and functional heartburn patients constituted 32%, 42%, and 26%, respectively of the PPI‐refractory group.ConclusionsTrue refractoriness in patients with GERD symptoms attending a secondary care setting is lower than previously reported. Following a careful history and optimal PPI dosing, the rate of refractoriness was 20%. True NERD constitutes only a third of the PPI‐refractory group.
The risk of venous thromboembolism during and after hospitalisation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease activity
Authors: Chu Thomas P. C. , Grainge Matthew J. , Card Timothy R. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increases the risk of venous thromboembolism.AimsTo determine when patients are at high risk of thromboembolic events, including after major surgery, and to guide timing of thromboprophylaxis.MethodsEach IBD patient from Clinical Practice Research Datalink, linked with Hospital Episode Statistics, was matched to up to five non‐IBD patients in this cohort study. We examined their risk of thromboembolism in hospital and within 6 weeks after leaving hospital, with or without undergoing major surgery, and while ambulant. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression, with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking and history of malignancy or thromboembolism.ResultsOverall 23 046 IBD patients had a thromboembolic risk 1.74‐times (95% CI = 1.55‐1.96) higher than 106 795 non‐IBD patients. Among ambulant patients, the thromboembolic risk was raised during acute (hazard ratio = 3.94, 2.79‐5.57) or chronic disease activity (3.97, 2.90‐5.45) but their absolute risk remained below 5/1000 person‐years. The hazard ratio for thromboembolism among in‐patients not undergoing major surgery was 1.13 (0.63‐2.02), compared to 2.43 (1.20‐4.92) among surgical patients, with a near doubling of absolute risk associated with surgery (59.5/1000 person‐years, compared with 31.1 without surgery). The absolute risk remained elevated within 6 weeks after leaving hospital (18.6/1000 person‐years in IBD patients after surgery).ConclusionsIBD patients are at an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Absolute risks are raised during active disease, when in hospital, and after leaving hospital following major surgery.
Reciprocal relationships between self‐efficacy, outcome satisfaction, and attendance at an exercise programme
Authors: Selzler Anne‐Marie , Rodgers Wendy M. , Berry Tanya R. , McFadden Kimberley , Husband Cassandra , Hall Craig 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to (i) investigate directional influences of self‐efficacy, outcome satisfaction, and attendance during an exercise programme and (ii) examine the predictive capabilities of self‐efficacy and outcome satisfaction on participant dropout.MethodsAdults aged 35–65 years were recruited to a 12‐month exercise programme. Self‐efficacy was collected at baseline, three, six, nine, and 12 months, and outcome satisfaction at the same time‐points except baseline. Cross‐lagged panel analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the primary and secondary objectives, respectively.ResultsCoping and scheduling self‐efficacy had stronger reciprocal relationships with outcome satisfaction than task self‐efficacy, although the strength of these relationships varied across time. Initially, task self‐efficacy predicted programme attendance. Midway through the programme, outcome satisfaction predicted attendance, and by the end of the programme, coping self‐efficacy was the strongest predictor of attendance. Self‐efficacy and outcome satisfaction did not predict programme dropout.ConclusionsThe results support the reciprocal relationship between outcome satisfaction and scheduling and coping self‐efficacy and highlight the importance of sequentially targeting different beliefs and skills to facilitate successful initiation and maintenance of exercise behaviour.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Self‐efficacy and outcome satisfaction are related to exercise behaviour.

The relationship between self‐efficacy and outcome satisfaction are typically considered unidirectional.

The longitudinal relationships among self‐efficacy, outcome satisfaction, and physical activity participation are unclear.

What does this study add?

Outcome satisfaction had reciprocal relationships with both coping and scheduling self‐efficacy for exercise.

The importance of self‐efficacy and outcome satisfaction to exercise attendance changes over time. Task self‐efficacy was the strongest predictor of initial programme attendance. Midway through the programme, outcome satisfaction and task self‐efficacy were the strongest predictors of attendance, and by the end of the programme, coping self‐efficacy was the strongest predictor.
Responding to natural disasters: Examining identity and prosociality in the context of a major earthquake
Authors: Maki Alexander , Dwyer Patrick C. , Blazek Susanne , Snyder Mark , González Roberto , Lay Siugmin 
Published: October 2018

How does a major natural disaster relate to individuals’ orientation towards society? We collected repeated cross‐sectional surveys before (n = 644) and after the 2010 Chile earthquake (n = 1,389) to examine levels of national identity, prosocial values, helping motivations, and prosocial behaviours in the context of such a calamitous societal event. Our research questions, derived from the literature on helping in times of crisis, considered how natural disasters may implicate identity and prosociality, as well as how identity, prosocial values, and motivations are linked to prosocial action after a disaster. Higher levels of national identity, helping motivations, and disaster‐related helping were found after the earthquake, suggesting that in the aftermath of a disaster, people unite under a common national identity and are motivated to take action related to disaster relief. National identity and prosocial values were closely linked to helping after the earthquake, but specific helping motivations rarely predicted prosocial behaviours. Additionally, proximity to the epicentre was related to higher levels of national identity and participation in reconstruction efforts. These findings contribute to our understanding of people's responses to natural disasters and suggest ways of encouraging prosocial behaviour in the aftermath of unexpected tragic events.
The causal impact of migration on US trade: Evidence from political refugees
Authors: Steingress Walter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractImmigrants can increase international trade by shifting preferences towards the goods of their country of origin and by reducing bilateral transaction costs. Using geographical variation across US states for the period 2008 to 2013, I estimate the respective causal impact of immigrants on US exports and imports. I address endogeneity and reverse causality by exploiting the exogenous allocation of political refugees within the US refugee resettlement program that prevents immigrants from choosing the destination location. I find that a 10% increase in recent immigrants to a US state raises imports from those immigrants’ country of origin by 1.0% and exports by 0.8%.
Effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on the local recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion: A systematic review
Authors: Vonk Jasper , Smit Kim A. , Roodenburg Jan L. N. , van der Vegt Bert , Halmos Gyorgy B. , Vemer‐van den Hoek Johanna G. M. , Dijkstra Pieter U. , Witjes Max J. H. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives of the ReviewThe decision whether to include postoperative radiotherapy on patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma depends on the risk of local recurrence. The objectives of this study were to systematically review literature on whether perineural invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients is associated with higher local recurrence rates and whether local recurrence is influenced by the administration of postoperative radiotherapy in patients presenting with perineural invasion.Type of ReviewSystematic review.Search StrategyEmbase, PubMed, Web Of Science.Evaluation MethodThe databases above were searched for studies that analysed: the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients with perineural invasion, local recurrence and postoperative radiotherapy. The data of seven studies were analysed qualitatively.ResultsThe overall quality of the studies was moderate to low. There was no evidence of the effect of postoperative radiotherapy on local recurrence rates in patients presenting with perineural invasion. Some evidence suggests that local recurrence rates may increase in cases of multifocal perineural invasion, especially if nerves >1 mm are involved but these data should be interpreted with caution due to the low‐quality evidence.ConclusionsHigh‐quality evidence regarding the prognostic value of perineural invasion and the impact of postoperative radiotherapy in patients presenting with perineural invasion is lacking in the literature, making it difficult to select a postoperative strategy for early‐stage tumours.
Differential elevational cline in the phenology and demography of two temporally isolated populations of a damselfly: Not two but one taxon?
Authors: Amari Hichem , Zebsa Rabah , Lazli Amel , Bensouilah Soufyane , Mellal Mohamed Khalil , Mahdjoub Hayat , Houhamdi Moussa , Khelifa Rassim 
Published: October 2018

1. Temporal isolation by cohort splitting is a life‐history mechanism that has been reported in many temperate insects, including those inhabiting freshwater habitats. Although the cohorts seem to maintain separate temporal niches in a specific location, the temporal isolation may be disrupted across a geographic gradient due to constraints imposed by seasonality.2. This prediction was tested on two temporally isolated populations of the obligatory univoltine Lestes virens (Odonata, Lestidae) in north‐east Algeria. Although the two cohorts emerge at the same time in spring, one cohort reproduces in summer, while the second cohort estivates in summer and reproduces in autumn. A survey assessing the phenology and abundance was conducted on eight ponds across an elevational gradient (5–1012 m asl) using capture–mark–recapture and adult density sampling.3. In all sites from low to high elevation, the species showed cohort splitting. The phenology of reproduction of both cohorts showed a delay with elevation, but the cline was 2.2 days for the summer cohort and 0.7 days for the autumn cohort per 100 m of elevation. Moreover, the density of adults in the autumn cohort was higher than that of summer cohort across the entire elevational range, and the difference increased with elevation.4. These findings regarding the differential elevational cline in the phenology show that the temporal isolation of the two cohorts becomes narrower at high elevation, suggesting potential inter‐cohort temporal overlap at higher elevations.5. The claim that the two cohorts of L. virens are true temporally isolated species needs further investigation.
Characterisation of the in vivo interactions between detomidine and methadone in horses: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling
Authors: Gozalo‐Marcilla M. , Luna S. P. L. , Moreira da Silva R. , Crosignani N. , Lopes N. P. , Taylor P. M. , Pelligand L. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundPharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) modelling offers new insights to design protocols for sedation and analgesia in standing horses.ObjectivesTo evaluate the parameters and interactions between detomidine and methadone when given alone or combined in standing horses.Study designRandomised, placebo‐controlled, blinded, crossover.MethodsEight adult healthy horses were given six treatments intravenously: saline (SAL); detomidine (5 μg/kg bwt; DET); methadone (0.2 mg/kg bwt; MET) alone or combined with detomidine (2.5 [MLD], 5 [MMD] or 10 [MHD] μg/kg bwt). Venous blood samples were obtained at predetermined times between 0 and 360 min after drug administration. Plasma detomidine and methadone were measured using a single, liquid/liquid extraction technique by liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC‐MS/MS). Sequential PK/PD modelling compared rival models, with and without PK and PD interaction between drugs, to fit the PD data including height of the head above the ground (HHAG), a visual analogue scale for sedation (VAS), electrical (ET), thermal (TT) and mechanical (MT) nociceptive thresholds and gastrointestinal motility (GIM) [1].ResultsTwo and three compartment models best described the PK of detomidine and methadone, respectively. Detomidine decreased its own clearance as well as the clearance of methadone. The interaction of methadone on the effect of detomidine revealed an infra‐additive (partial antagonism) effect for HHAG (α = −1.33), VAS (α = −0.98) and GIM (α = −1.05), a positive potentiation for ET (pot = 0.0041) and TT (pot = 0.133) and a synergistic to additive effect for MT (α = 0.78).Main limitationsThis is a small experimental study.ConclusionsDifferent PK/PD interactions were demonstrated for each PD parameter and could be modelled in vivo. The modelling of our data will allow us to simulate and predict the effect of constant rate infusions of both drugs for future investigations.
Consistent trophic amplification of marine biomass declines under climate change
Authors: Kwiatkowski Lester , Aumont Olivier , Bopp Laurent 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe impact of climate change on the marine food web is highly uncertain. Nonetheless, there is growing consensus that global marine primary production will decline in response to future climate change, largely due to increased stratification reducing the supply of nutrients to the upper ocean. Evidence to date suggests a potential amplification of this response throughout the trophic food web, with more dramatic responses at higher trophic levels. Here we show that trophic amplification of marine biomass declines is a consistent feature of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) Earth System Models, across different scenarios of future climate change. Under the business‐as‐usual Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) global mean phytoplankton biomass is projected to decline by 6.1% ± 2.5% over the twenty‐first century, while zooplankton biomass declines by 13.6% ± 3.0%. All models project greater relative declines in zooplankton than phytoplankton, with annual zooplankton biomass anomalies 2.24 ± 1.03 times those of phytoplankton. The low latitude oceans drive the projected trophic amplification of biomass declines, with models exhibiting variable trophic interactions in the mid‐to‐high latitudes and similar relative changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass. Under the assumption that zooplankton biomass is prey limited, an analytical explanation of the trophic amplification that occurs in the low latitudes can be derived from generic plankton differential equations. Using an ocean biogeochemical model, we show that the inclusion of variable C:N:P phytoplankton stoichiometry can substantially increase the trophic amplification of biomass declines in low latitude regions. This additional trophic amplification is driven by enhanced nutrient limitation decreasing phytoplankton N and P content relative to C, hence reducing zooplankton growth efficiency. Given that most current Earth System Models assume that phytoplankton C:N:P stoichiometry is constant, such models are likely to underestimate the extent of negative trophic amplification under projected climate change.
Micro‐CT analysis of danger zone thickness in the mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars
Authors: Ordinola‐Zapata R. , Martins J. N. R. , Versiani M. A. , Bramante C. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate dentine thickness from both distal (‘danger zone’) and mesial (‘safety zone’) aspects of the MB1 and MB2 canals of maxillary first molars at the furcation level using micro‐CT imaging.MethodologyOne hundred maxillary first molars with two canals in the MB root were selected from a Brazilian subpopulation and scanned at a resolution of 19.6 μm in a micro‐CT device. From each specimen, two axial cross‐sectioned images were selected at 2 and 3 mm apical to the furcation level of the MB root and evaluated for the smallest dentinal thickness. Measurements were made from the outer perimeter of the MB1 and MB2 canals towards the external root surface from both distal (danger zone) and mesial (safety zone) aspects of the root. The influence of an isthmus was also considered in the analysis, and samples were classified according to the presence or absence of an isthmus in the axial sections. Non‐parametric Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to compare dentinal thickness between MB1 and MB2 canals with a significant level set at 5%. Colour‐coded 3D models of dentine thickness throughout the MB root were created and evaluated qualitatively.ResultsAt both levels, median dentine thickness of the MB2 canal was significantly lower in both distal and mesial aspects of the root in comparison with the MB1 canal (P < 0.01). The presence of an isthmus was not a variable that influenced dentinal thickness. Colour‐coded models indicated that dentine thickness was dependent on the cross‐sectional shape of the MB root. At least 50% of the sample had <1 mm of dentine thickness at the danger zone of the MB2 canal.ConclusionsDanger zones in the MB roots of maxillary first molars were not symmetrical. MB2 canals had less dentine thickness on both aspects of the root compared to the MB1 canal.
Abnormal Fasting Glucose Increases Risk of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarctions in an Elderly Cohort
Authors: Stacey Richard Brandon , Zgibor Janice , Leaverton Paul E. , Schocken Douglas D. , Peregoy Jennifer A. , Lyles Mary F. , Bertoni Alain G. , Burke Gregory L. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate glucose levels as a risk factor for unrecognized myocardial infarctions (UMIs).DesignCohortSettingCardiovascular Health Study.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older with fasting glucose measurements (N=4,355; normal fasting glucose (NFG), n = 2,041; impaired fasting glucose (IFG), n = 1,706; DM: n = 608; 40% male, 84% white, mean age 72.4 ± 5.6).MeasurementsThe relationship between glucose levels and UMI was examined. Participants with prior coronary heart disease (CHD) or UMI on initial electrocardiography were excluded. Using Minnesota codes, UMI was identified according to the presence of pathological Q‐waves or minor Q‐waves with ST‐T abnormalities. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, antihypertensive and lipid‐lowering medication use, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and smoking status.ResultsOver a mean follow‐up of 6 years, there were 459 incident UMIs (NFG, n=202; IFG, n=183; DM, n=74). Participants with IFG were slightly more likely than those with NFG to experience a UMI (hazard ratio (HR)=1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.91–1.36, p = .30), and those with DM were more likely than those with NFG to experience a UMI (HR=1.65, 95% CI=1.25–2.13, p < .001). After adjustment HR for UMI in IFG those with IFG were no more likely than those with NFG to experience a UMI (HR=1.01, 95% CI=0.82–1.24, p = .93), whereas those with DM were more likely than those with NFG to experience a UMI (HR=1.37, 95% CI=1.02–1.81, p = .03). The 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test was not statistically significantly associated with UMI.ConclusionFasting glucose status, particularly in the diabetic range, forecasted UMI during 6 years of follow‐up in elderly adults. Further studies are needed to clarify the level of glucose at which risk is greater. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:43–49, 2019.
The effect of cash holdings on firm performance in large Italian companies
Authors: La Rocca Maurizio , Cambrea Domenico Rocco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between cash holdings and performance in Italy over 36 years. Specifically, in light of the presence of conflicting evidence concerning the worth of cash stock, which could lead to a positive effect rather than a negative one, the role of moderating factors that can shape the magnitude of this relationship is investigated. The results show that the value of cash holdings is affected by firm‐specific characteristics, as well as factors related to the institutional context. Although other studies have analyzed moderators one at a time, this is the first work to consider how they jointly work. When the moderators are considered together, some of them become no longer statistically significant while others become even more economically and statistically relevant.