bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational study of graphene‐gated graphene‐Si thin film Schottky junction field‐effect solar cell by finite difference method
Authors: Xie Hao , Wang Manxi , Yang Xiaofan , Zeng Yonghu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractModeling and simulation approaches are developed to investigate our proposed graphene‐gated graphene‐Si thin film Schottky junction field‐effect solar cell. Algorithm based on finite difference method is developed to solve the Poisson equation, drift‐diffusion equations, and current continuity equations. Charge transfer effect in the proposed solar cell is not significant due to light doping in the Si thin film. The open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current can be tuned by gate bias. As the magnitude of negative bias increases, both the open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current increase due to the increase of Schottky barrier height and depletion width. Thin oxide thickness leads to high modulation efficiency. Optimization of the solar cell is achieved by introducing back field layer to increase carrier collection efficiency.
Team learning from setbacks: A study in the context of start‐up teams
Authors: Rauter Susanne , Weiss Matthias , Hoegl Martin 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAlthough setbacks often happen as a collective experience, teams are an underresearched organizational unit when it comes to learning from setbacks. Despite the popular view that experiencing setbacks may facilitate learning, there are conflicting theoretical assumptions about the influence of setbacks on learning. Whereas one theoretical perspective in this topic area is in line with the proverbial learning from failure, a competing perspective argues that setbacks impede learning processes. This study aims to reconcile these conflicting assumptions by proposing team reflexivity as a moderator between team‐experienced setbacks and team learning. Building on social cognitive theory, we develop a model of learning from experienced setbacks at the team level. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 57 start‐up teams. Our results show that the effects of team‐experienced setbacks differ depending on whether the focus is on affective reactions to or cognitive perceptions of the setback experience. Although the cognitive perception of setbacks generally shows a detrimental effect on team learning, the pattern of results for an affective reaction to setbacks is more complex: The relationship between negative affective reactions to setbacks and team learning is negative for teams with low reflexivity and positive for teams with high reflexivity.
Effects of water deficit on breadmaking quality and storage protein compositions in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Zhou Jiaxing , Liu Dongmiao , Deng Xiong , Zhen Shoumin , Wang Zhimin , Yan Yueming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDWater deficiency affects grain proteome dynamics and storage protein compositions, resulting in changes in gluten viscoelasticity. In this study, the effects of field water deficit on wheat breadmaking quality and grain storage proteins were investigated.RESULTSWater deficiency produced a shorter grain‐filling period, a decrease in grain number, grain weight and grain yield, a reduced starch granule size and increased protein content and glutenin macropolymer contents, resulting in superior dough properties and breadmaking quality. Reverse phase ultra‐performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the total gliadin and glutenin content and the accumulation of individual components were significantly increased by water deficiency. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis detected 144 individual storage protein spots with significant accumulation changes in developing grains under water deficit. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that water deficiency resulted in significant upregulation of 12 gliadins, 12 high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits and 46 low‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of storage protein biosynthesis‐related transcription factors Dof and Spa was upregulated by water deficiency.CONCLUSIONThe present results illustrated that water deficiency leads to increased accumulation of storage protein components and upregulated expression of Dof and Spa, resulting in an improvement in glutenin strength and breadmaking quality. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Exogenous trehalose enhanced the biocontrol efficacy of Hanseniaspora uvarum against grape berry rots caused by Aspergillus tubingensis and Penicillium commune
Authors: Apaliya Maurice Tibiru , Zhang Hongyin , Zheng Xiangfeng , Yang Qiya , Mahunu Gustav K , Kwaw Emmanuel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrimarily, chemical pesticides are commonly used to control preharvest and postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. However, there is strong public concern regarding the human and environmental health problems that might emanate from the residues of these chemical pesticides. As a result, biocontrol is often preferred due to its safety for humans and animals. The microbial antagonists employed often encounter variable climatic conditions, which affect their efficacy. In this study, the biocontrol efficacy of Hanseniaspora uvarum enhanced with trehalose against Aspergillus tubingensis and Penicillium commune in grapes was investigated.RESULTSH. uvarum Y3 pretreated with 2.0% w/v trehalose in nutrient yeast dextrose broth (NYDB) before used significantly inhibited the incidence of decay and lesion diameter without affecting the sensory qualities of the grapes stored at either 4 °C or 20 °C. There was also a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the population dynamics of H. uvarum that was pretreated with 2% trehalose compared to that of H. uvarum alone. The in vitro assay on spore germination revealed an inhibition of A. tubingensis and P. commune by 85.6% and 87.0% respectively. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that both untreated H. uvarum and H. uvarum pre‐treated with the 2% w/v trehalose before use inhibited fungal mycelium and development of grape rot.CONCLUSIONThe biocontrol efficacy of H. uvarum was enhanced against grape rot caused by A. tubingensis and P. commune. The findings indicate the potential applicability of trehalose in the enhancement of H. uvarum. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of hydrogen sulfide on the surface whitening and physiological responses of fresh‐cut carrots
Authors: Chen Chen , Hu Wenzhong , Zhang Ruidong , Jiang Aili , Liu Chenghui 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the inhibition of the surface whitening of fresh‐cut carrots was investigated. Whitening index; H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents; activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD); and antioxidant capacities were evaluated.RESULTSH2S treatment significantly inhibited the surface whitening of fresh‐cut carrots (P < 0.05), reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX and GR) activities and antioxidant capacities (P < 0.05). The PAL, PPO and POD activities of fresh‐cut carrots were inhibited by treatment with H2S (P < 0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that whitening index was significantly positively correlated with H2O2 content, lipid peroxidation, PPO and POD activities.CONCLUSIONH2S inhibited the surface whitening of fresh‐cut carrots by reducing H2O2 accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and also inhibited PPO and POD activities. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous determination of diethylacetal and acetaldehyde during beer fermentation and storage process
Authors: Liu Chunfeng , Li Qi , Niu Chengtuo , Zheng Feiyun , Zhao Yun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcetaldehyde is an important flavor component in beer which is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Owing to the limitations of present detection methods, only free‐state acetaldehyde in beers has been focused on, while acetal in beers has hardly been reported so far.RESULTSA sensitive headspace gas chromatography method was developed for the determination of diethylacetal and acetaldehyde in beer. The column DB‐23 was chosen with a total run time of 22.5 min. The optimal addition amount of NaCl, equilibrium temperature and equilibrium time were 2.0 g, 70 °C and 30 min respectively. For both diethylacetal and acetaldehyde analyses, the limit of detection was 0.005 mg L−1 with relative standard deviation < 5.5%. The recoveries of acetaldehyde and diethylacetal were 95–110 and 95–115% respectively. The diethylacetal and acetaldehyde average contents in 24 beer products were 11.83 and 4.36 mg L−1 respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between diethylacetal and acetaldehyde was the highest (0.963). Both diethylacetal and acetaldehyde contents increased to a peak value after fermentation for 3 days and then decreased to a lower value. During both normal and forced aging storage, the diethylacetal content decreased and the acetaldehyde content increased gradually over time. When beers were forced aged for 4 days, the increased ratio of acetaldehyde could be above 40.00%.CONCLUSIONThe newly established method can be used to assess acetaldehyde level and flavor quality in beer more scientifically. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterizing bread wheat genotypes of Pakistani origin for grain zinc biofortification potential
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Farooq Muhammad , Nawaz Ahmad , Al‐Sadi Abdullah M , Al-Hashmi Khalid S , Nadeem Faisal , Ullah Aman 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDZinc (Zn) is essential for all life forms and its deficiency is a major issue of malnutrition in humans. This study was carried out to characterize 28 wheat genotypes of Pakistani origin for grain zinc biofortification potential, genetic diversity and relatedness.RESULTSThere was low genetic differentiation among the tested genotypes. However, they differed greatly in yield‐related traits, grain mineral (Zn, calcium (Ca) and protein) concentrations and Zn bioavailability. Zinc application increased the concentration of Zn in wheat grain (32.1%), embryo (19.8%), aleurone (47%) and endosperm (23.7%), with an increase in bioavailable Zn (22.2%) and a reduction in phytate concentration (6.8%). Application of Zn also enhanced grain protein and Ca concentrations. Among wheat genotypes, Blue Silver had the highest concentration of Zn in grain, embryo, aleurone and endosperm, with high bioavailable Zn, while Kohinoor‐83 had low phytate concentration.CONCLUSIONWheat genotypes of Pakistan are genetically less diverse owing to continuous focus on the development of high‐yielding varieties only. Therefore genetically diverse wheat genotypes with high endospermic Zn concentration and better grain yield should be used in breeding programs approaches, aiming at improving Zn bioavailability. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Benchmarking laboratory‐scale pomegranate vinegar against commercial wine vinegars: antioxidant activity and chemical composition
Authors: Kharchoufi Samira , Gomez Juan , Lasanta Cristina , Castro Remedios , Sainz Florencia , Hamdi Moktar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is growing interest in the beneficial health effects of certain fruits, such as pomegranate, and their by‐products, like vinegar. Vinegars contain antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols, which can scavenge free radicals in the body. In this study, the antioxidant properties (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacities) and global polyphenolic composition of a new functional product, namely a pomegranate vinegar produced in the laboratory from the Gabsi variety, were evaluated and compared with those of commercial wine vinegars (Sherry and Rioja red wine Spanish vinegars). The evolution of the polyphenolic and volatile compositions during production of the pomegranate vinegar was also studied.RESULTSThe results indicate that pomegranate contained a relatively stable total phenolic content that is suitable for the elaboration of vinegar and that this product had an antioxidant capacity comparable to, or even better than, that observed for aged wine vinegars. Regarding the volatiles profile, a high proportion of esters (close to 50%), in relation to alcohols and fatty acids, was observed for pomegranate vinegar, and this is consistent with the high red fruits character identified by sensory analysis.CONCLUSIONPomegranate vinegar produced in the laboratory has an antioxidant activity and a global phenolic content similar to those of red wine vinegars and higher than most of the white wine vinegars studied. The pomegranate vinegar retained the red fruit sensory character of pomegranate fruit. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinicopathological and prognostic features of Epstein‐Barr virus infection, microsatellite instability, and PD‐L1 expression in gastric cancer
Authors: Pereira Marina A. , Ramos Marcus F.K.P. , Faraj Sheila F. , Dias Andre R. , Yagi Osmar K. , Zilberstein Bruno , Cecconello Ivan , Alves Venancio A.F. , de Mello Evandro S. , Ribeiro Jr Ulysses 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectivesGastric cancer (GC) has recently been categorized in molecular subtypes, which include Epstein‐Barr (EBV)‐positive and microsatellite instability (MSI) tumors. This distinction may provide prognostic information and identifies therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to evaluate EBV, MSI, and PD‐L1 immunoexpression in GC and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and patient's prognosis.MethodsWe evaluated 287 GC patients who underwent D2‐gastrectomy through immunohistochemistry for DNA mismatch repair proteins and PD‐L1, and in situ hybridization for EBV detection utilizing tissue microarray.ResultsEBV‐positive and MSI were identified in 10.5% and 27% of the GCs, respectively. EBV positivity was associated to male gender (P = 0.032), proximal location (P < 0.001), undetermined Lauren type (P < 0.001), poorly differentiated histology (P = 0.043) and severe inflammatory infiltrate (P < 0.001). MSI‐tumors were associated to older age (P = 0.002), subtotal gastrectomy (P = 0.004), pN0 (P = 0.024) and earlier TNM stage (P = 0.020). PD‐L1‐positive was seen in 8.8% of cases, with predominant expression in EBV‐positive GC (P < 0.001). MSI was associated to better survival outcomes.ConclusionEBV‐positive GCs had increased PD‐L1 expression, while MSI GC had better survival outcome. EBV and MSI subgroups are distinct GC entities, their recognition is feasible by conventional techniques, and it may help individualize follow‐up and guide adjuvant therapy.
The grasshopper sparrow as an indicator species in tallgrass prairies
Authors: Elliott Lisa H. , Johnson Douglas H. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTFunding constraints highlight the need for efficient approaches to manage wildlife habitat. One such approach is to monitor a single species that serves as an indicator of management effectiveness. The grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) is an obligate species of dry, upland prairie that has been proposed as a surrogate species for the Eastern Tallgrass Prairie, USA. To evaluate whether this species (or another) would make a suitable indicator for grassland birds, we examined the strength of associations in the density and occurrence of grasshopper sparrows and densities of other grassland species: sedge wren (Cistothorus platensis), Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), Henslow's sparrow (A. henslowii), dickcissel (Spiza americana), bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), and western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). No single species was a good predictor for all other species, but grasshopper sparrow density was the best predictor of the densities of other obligate upland prairie species. We also compared avian community composition between grassland sites with and without grasshopper sparrows; densities of all species except sedge wren were significantly higher at sites with grasshopper sparrows. Therefore, the grasshopper sparrow is the best choice as a single indicator species for tallgrass prairies within our study area. However, a better approach would be to select multiple, complementary indicator species to ensure that species not well‐indicated by grasshopper sparrows are adequately represented. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Prognostic factors for human papillomavirus–positive and negative oropharyngeal carcinomas
Authors: Yin Linda X. , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Westra William H. , Wang Steven J. , van Zante Annemieke , Zhang Yuehan , Rettig Eleni M. , Ryan William R. , Ha Patrick K. , Wentz Alicia , Koch Wayne , Eisele David W. , Fakhry Carole 
Published: March 2018

Objectives/HypothesisHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive and HPV‐negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are distinct disease entities. Prognostic factors specific to each entity have not been adequately explored. Goals for this study were: 1) to determine whether HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative OPSCCs have distinct prognostic factors, and 2) to explore the prognostic significance of sex and race in OPSCC after HPV stratificationStudy DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsA retrospective review of 239 incident OPSCC patients from 1995 to 2012, treated at Johns Hopkins and University of California–San Francisco was conducted. Women and nonwhite races were oversampled. All analyses were stratified by tumor HPV in situ hybridization status. The effects of sex and race on survival were considered in Kaplan‐Meier and unadjusted and adjusted Cox regression models.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐four (56.1%) OPSCC patients were HPV positive. On univariate analysis, women had better overall survival than men among HPV‐positive (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20‐1.07; P = .06) but not HPV‐negative (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.43‐1.24; P = .24) OPSCCs. On multivariate analysis, women with HPV‐positive OPSCCs remained at lower risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12‐0.96; P = .04). Survival did not vary significantly by race among HPV‐positive patients. Among HPV‐negative patients, Hispanic patients had significantly better survival in unadjusted (HR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08‐0.91; P = .04) but not adjusted (aHR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.11‐7.36; P = .94) analysis.ConclusionsWomen with HPV‐positive OPSCC may have improved overall survival compared to men. Sex does not play a prognostic role in HPV‐negative OPSCC. There are no differences in prognosis by race among HPV‐positive or HPV‐negative patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, E288–E296, 2018
Clinical relevance of endoscopic three‐dimensional imaging for quantitative assessment of phonation
Authors: Semmler Marion , Döllinger Michael , Patel Rita R. , Ziethe Anke , Schützenberger Anne 
Published: March 2018

Objective/HypothesisLaser‐based three‐dimensional (3D) imaging allows realistic visualization and absolute measurement of the vocal folds for comprehensive characterization of the oscillation pattern.Study DesignExploratory study with descriptive data analysis in healthy cohort.MethodsThe custom‐developed miniaturized measuring device is an endoscopic camera‐laser setup for stereo triangulation and suitable for in vivo application. The laser projection unit generates a regular laser grid that is projected on the vocal folds and recorded at 4000 fps using a high‐speed camera. Recordings are performed during sustained phonation on 10 healthy subjects.ResultsWe present absolute values for the lateral and vertical displacement amplitudes and maximum velocities during opening and closing phase. On average over all study participants, the vertical parameters are at least 50% higher than their lateral counterparts. The mean male/female amplitudes are 0.93 mm/0.80 mm in the lateral and 1.28 mm/1.45 mm in the vertical direction. Only 20% of the healthy subjects displayed slight asymmetries in the lateral direction, but 70% showed significant asymmetries in the vertical component. In only 30% of all subjects, the asymmetry trends matched in the lateral and vertical direction.ConclusionsThe study illustrates the additional benefit of 3D imaging: consideration of the vertical component and computation of metric units. New, relevant, and even unexpected information was obtained by the incorporation of the additional vertical dimension. Metric units allow for an absolute evaluation of anatomy and dynamics and therefore enables cross‐study comparability. The noninvasive acquisition of quantitative measures for evidence‐based medicine has the potential to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic procedures as well as basic medical research.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:2367–2374, 2018
Structural Determination and Occurrence in Ahiflower Oil of Stearidonic Acid Trans Fatty Acids
Authors: Delmonte Pierluigi , Milani Andrea , Bhangley Shivani 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSeveral marine oils and seed oils on the market contain relevant quantities of stearidonic acid (18:4n‐3, SDA). The formation of 18:4n‐3 trans fatty acids (tFA) during the refining of these oils necessitates the development of a method for their quantification. In this study, 18:4n‐3 was isolated from Ahiflower and isomerized to obtain its 16 geometric isomers. The geometric isomers of 18:4n‐3 were isolated by silver ion HPLC (Ag+‐HPLC) and characterized by partial reduction with hydrazine followed by gas chromatography analysis. The elution order of all 16 isomers was established using a 100 m × 0.25 mm 100% poly(biscyanopropyl siloxane) capillary column and at the elution temperature of 180 °C. The 4 mono‐trans‐18:4n‐3 isomers produced during the refining of oils rich in 18:4n‐3 were chromatographically resolved from each other, but c6,t9,c12,c15‐18:4 coeluted with the tetra‐cis isomer. These 2 fatty acids (FA) were resolved by reducing the separation temperature to 150 °C, but this change caused tetra‐cis‐18:4n‐3 to coelute with t6,c9,c12,c15–18:4. Combining the results from 2 isothermal separations (180 and 150 °C) was necessary to quantify the 4 mono‐trans 18:4n‐3 FA in Ahiflower oil.
Evidence for regional aeolian transport of freshwater micrometazoans in arid regions
Authors: Rivas J. A. , Mohl J. E. , Van Pelt R. S. , Leung M.‐Y. , Wallace R. L. , Gill T. E. , Walsh E. J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhile separated by large expanses of dry terrain unsuitable for aquatic biota, aridland waters possess high biodiversity. How aquatic micrometazoans disperse to, and colonize, these isolated ephemeral habitats are not well understood. We used a multi‐faceted approach including wind tunnel and rehydration experiments, and next‐generation sequencing to assess potential movement of diapausing propagules of aquatic invertebrates by anemochory across regional scales (102–105 km). Wind tunnel experiments using dry playa sediments with added micrometazoan propagules demonstrated that after entrainment by saltation and downwind transport, propagules could be subsequently rehydrated and were viable. Further, rehydration of fallen natural dust yielded micrometazoans, including rotifers, gastrotrichs, microcrustaceans, and nematodes. Using conserved DNA primers, we identified > 3300 eukaryotic Operational Taxonomic Units (excluding fungi) in the dust including some taxa found in rehydration experiments. Thus, we provide strong evidence that anemochory can disperse micrometazoans among isolated, ephemeral ecosystems in North American deserts and likely elsewhere.