bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anderson Localization in 2D Amorphous MoO3‐x Monolayers for Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Chong , Xu Qun , Yan Pengfei , Niu Chunyao , Shen Yonglong , Yuan Pengfei , Jia Yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional amorphous semiconductor (2DAS) monolayers can be regarded as a new phase of 2D monolayers materials and will serve as a promising field for the various electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, together with the first‐principles calculations within density functional theory, we experimentally demonstrate that the 2DAS MoO3‐x monolayers can enhance the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). To be specific, the NH3 yield and faradaic efficiency (FE) reach 35.83 ug h−1 mg−1cat at −0.40 V and 12.01 % at −0.20 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), respectively, and which can be dramatically improved than that of reported defective MoO3 nanosheets. Further theoretical calculations reveal that the high electrochemical performance in NH3 yield is contributed to the strong Anderson localization and electron confinement dimensionally. And such Anderson tail states can resonate effectively with the states of intermediate HNNH, playing the critical role in the rate limiting step of NRR. Integrated experimental findings and theoretical understanding, a new concept of Anderson confinement catalysis is put forward, and could be extended to other 2DAS for potential catalytic reactions.
Rational Generation of Fe−Nx Active Sites in Fe−N−C Electrocatalysts Facilitated by Fe−N Coordinated Precursors for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Kim Minhyoung , Yoo Ji Mun , Ahn Chi‐Yeong , Jang Jue‐Hyuk , Son Yoon Jun , Shin Heejong , Kang Jiho , Kang Yun Sik , Yoo Sung Jong , Lee Kug‐Seung , Sung Yung‐Eun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFe−N−C catalysts synthesized by pyrolysis of Fe and N precursors have been intensively studied due to their remarkable activities for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Although Fe−N4 coordinated structures have been suggested as active sites by recent spectroscopic studies, the influence of precursor coordination on the generation of the active sites during high‐temperature pyrolysis is not well understood. In this work, phenanthroline isomers were used as systematic model precursors to reveal the correlation between precursor coordination and active site formation in Fe−N−C catalysts. Coordination between Fe and each phenanthroline isomer was effectively controlled by the molecular structure: monodentate (1,7‐ and 4,7‐phenanthroline) and bidentate coordination (1,10‐phenanthroline). Through X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy study, large difference in atomic distribution of both Fe and N was revealed; the preferential formation of Fe‐Nx active sites was featured only in Fe(1,10‐phenanthroline)/KB with homogeneously distributed Fe and highly retained pyridinic N. With Fe‐Nx active site moieties, Fe(1,10‐phenanthroline)/KB exhibited superior ORR activity and stability in alkaline half‐cell and full‐cell tests. These results highlight the importance of the use of precursors with multiple coordination (i. e. bidentate) for the effective derivation of Fe‐Nx active sites for highly active and stable ORR electrocatalysts.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of NiCo2O4/CoMoO4 Nanocomposite as a High‐Performance Electrode Material for Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Guo Wei , Wu Yueli , Tian Yamei , Lian Xiaojuan , Li Jiyang , Wang Shuang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe hierarchical hollow NiCo2O4/CoMoO4 hybrid composite was directly grown on Ni foam (NF) under hydrothermal conditions at 110–140 °C for different growth times. This robust hollow structure benefits from a weakly alkaline environment provided by tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide and can provide a large surface area, low resistance, and many active sites to facilitate electrolyte ion transport and fast redox reactions. The as‐prepared NiCo2O4/CoMoO4 hybrid with synergetic effects shows improved electrochemical properties with an excellent capacitance (2080 F/g at 1 A/g) and long‐term cycling reliability (70 % retention undergoing 3000 cycles at 10 A/g). An assembled hybrid supercapacitor based on the as‐prepared NiCo2O4/CoMoO4 hybrid electrode delivers a high energy density of 35.63 Wh/kg at a power density of 845 W/kg and a long‐term cycling life (capacitance retention of 71.4 % over 9000 cycles). Thus, the as‐prepared NiCo2O4/CoMoO4 nanocomposite has a definite advantage for supercapacitor electrode materials.
Cu2O−Cu2Se Mixed‐Phase Nanoflake Arrays: pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reactions with Ultralow Overpotential
Authors: Ray Chaiti , Lee Su Chan , Jin Bingjun , Chung Kyung Yoon , Guo Shiyin , Zhang Shengli , Zhang Kan , Park Jong Hyeok , Jun Seong Chan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMost developed hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts have pH‐dependent functionalities, which limit their universal applications. Pt, the ideal HER electrocatalyst, is also highly effective in specific pH conditions. In the present article, we report a copper‐based transition‐metal chalcogenide from anion engineering. Hierarchical three‐dimensional (3D) Cu2O−Cu2Se nanoflake arrays (COCS NFs) are grown directly on nickel foam (NF) by combining the rapid electrodeposition technique with the room temperature wet‐chemical selenization method. Via the synergetic effects of the proper ratio of Se and O, as‐synthesized COCS NFs manage to accomplish key‐requirements for pH‐universal HER performances with overpotential values of 52.9, 62.8, and 77.8 mV, in alkaline, neutral, and acidic media, respectively, at 10 mA cm−2. The electrocatalyst also possesses superb stability at constant 10 mA cm−2 current density for 50 h in all electrolytes. This work offers a synthesis protocol of a mixed‐anion composite with the revelation about the importance of anion modulation towards electrode surface properties and HER performances.
Development of N‐Phosphinomethyl‐Substituted NHC‐Nickel(0) Complexes as Robust Catalysts for Acrylate Salt Synthesis from Ethylene and CO2
Authors: Takahashi Kohei , Cho Kinryo , Iwai Asaki , Ito Tatsuyoshi , Iwasawa Nobuharu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBy using a nickel complex with an N‐phosphinomethyl‐N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand (NHC‐P), the reducing ability and thermal stability of the complex were improved considerably compared to the previously reported bipyridine and bisphosphine complexes, and acrylate salt was prepared from ethylene and CO2 with the highest TON ever reported for nickel systems even without using metallic zinc. Oxidative cyclization of ethylene and CO2 on the NHC‐P nickel complex was found to proceed very rapidly compared to previous systems.
A thermodynamically consistent framework for non‐isothermal modelling of local heat generation and electromotive force in SOFC single electrodes
Authors: Amiri Saeid , Hayes Robert E. , Sarkar Partha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMathematical models for single electrode reversible heat and non‐isothermal electromotive force (EMF) of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are developed. These models estimate the volumetric reversible heat generation and EMF of electrochemical reactions, within each electrode at local conditions of temperature and pressure, based on entropy change of half reactions. The resulting equations are thermodynamically consistent. They inherently obey the conservation of energy law as the electrochemical energy released added to the heat of reactions at each electrode equate the enthalpy change of the reacted species. The equations are implemented to model electrodes in a tubular micro‐ solid oxide fuel cell (TμSOFC). The thermodynamic consistency of the model is numerically confirmed as the enthalpy of the reactants equates the electric energy released by the cell plus the sum of electrode heats plus electrolyte Ohmic heat. The effect of thermal gradients on the cell's overall EMF is found to be negligible. The reversible and irreversible heat generation of each electrode are distinguished. Overall, the anode is found to be endothermic, and the cathode exothermic.
Research on the construction of quantum induction universe network
Authors: Yibin Xiang 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe universe is filled with electromagnetic fields, quantum fields, and the other different field. They penetrate and interact with each other. Just as the interaction between magnetic materials are due to the magnetic field around the magnet contacting another magnet, between the quanta can also interact with each other through magnetic fields. Through the study of quantum mechanics and related theories of brain science, the article puts forward the following viewpoints: between quantum, which has entanglement state, cannot only interact through magnetic fields but also generate quantum induction fields to generate quantum induction waves. The entangled quantum generated spin waves are connected to each other based on quantum inductive waves to form a quantum inductive network. Then, the information is transmitted through resonance to realize the communication between all things. Thus, all things in the universe can be interconnected based on quantum entanglement effects. By analyzing the construction mode of the internet network, the paper proposes the architecture of the quantum induction communication system and the basic topology of a quantum induction internet network. Several thought experiment schemes were designed, and the information transmission between the ordinary objects and between the people and ordinary objects is studied as an example. The analysis points out the main problems faced by the construction of the quantum induction internet. It points out that the significance of constructing of the network of All things interconnect based on quantum entanglement effect is that all living bodies and nonliving bodies in the heaven and earth can be connected and communicate with each other.
Co‐existence of skeletal and ooid shoals as a result of antecedent topography—Cat cay shoal complex, Bahamas
Authors: Cruz Francisco E. G. , Eberli Gregor P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh‐resolution seismic data reveal an unexpected Pleistocene topography underneath the Cat Cay shoal complex along the western margin of Great Bahama Bank, illustrating how Pleistocene topography focuses tidal flow to create different types of grainstone shoals. The 1–3 km wide and 35 km long shoal complex is composed of the Cat Cay ooid shoal that is a laterally continuous 8 m thick ooid shoal and a sequence of 300–600 m wide and less than 6 m thick skeletal‐dominated tidal deltas south of Ocean Cay. The skeletal tidal deltas overlie an irregular Pleistocene surface, while the Cat Cay ooid shoal is situated on a flat Pleistocene surface east of a Pleistocene rock ridge. This finding challenges the assumption that an antecedent high is needed for ooid shoal initiation. The base of the Cat Cay ooid shoal is an up to 4 m thick skeletal‐peloidal unit that is similar in composition to the skeletal tidal deltas south of Ocean Cay but their deposition was followed by an up to 4 m thick accumulation of ooids. The Pleistocene ridge west of the Cat Cay ooid shoal allowed accumulation of mud and peloids (the nucleus source), while to the south, muddy sediment was winnowed away and no ooids formed. The evolution of the two shoal types is ultimately the result of the presence and absence of antecedent topography adjacent to the shoal system, resulting in variations of mud accumulations and the formation of the nucleus in the ooid shoal. The coeval occurrence of ooid and skeletal shoals in the same complex implies that in the rock record, a vertical succession from oolitic to skeletal shoals does not indicate an environmental change such as climate or an anoxic event but rather a change in flow conditions created by antecedent topography.
Stable coexistence of equivalent nutrient competitors through niche differentiation in the light spectrum
Authors: Burson Amanda , Stomp Maayke , Mekkes Lisette , Huisman Jef 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNiche‐based theories and the neutral theory of biodiversity differ in their predictions of how the species composition of natural communities will respond to changes in nutrient availability. This is an issue of major environmental relevance, as many ecosystems have experienced changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) due to anthropogenic manipulation of nutrient loading. To understand how changes in N and P limitation may impact community structure, we conducted laboratory competition experiments using a multispecies phytoplankton community sampled from the North Sea. Results showed that picocyanobacteria (Cyanobium sp.) won the competition under N limitation, while picocyanobacteria and nonmotile nanophytoplankton (Nannochloropsis sp.) coexisted at equal abundances under P limitation. Additional experiments using isolated monocultures confirmed that Cyanobium sp. depleted N to lower levels than Nannochloropsis sp., but that both species had nearly identical P requirements, suggesting a potential for neutral coexistence under P‐limited conditions. Pairwise competition experiments with the two isolates seemed to support the consistency of these results, but P limitation resulted in stable species coexistence irrespective of the initial conditions rather than the random drift of species abundances predicted by neutral theory. Comparison of the light absorption spectra indicates that coexistence of the two species was stabilized through differential use of the underwater light spectrum. Our results provide an interesting experimental example of modern coexistence theory, where species were equal competitors in one niche dimension but their competitive traits differed in other niche dimensions, thus enabling stable species coexistence on a single limiting nutrient through niche differentiation in the light spectrum.
Comparison of Different Possible Technologies for Epoxidation of Cynara cardunculus Seed Oil
Authors: Turco Rosa , Tesser Riccardo , Russo Vincenzo , Vitiello Rosa , Fagnano Massimo , Di Serio Martino 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe world production of epoxidized vegetable oil, mainly epoxidized soybean oil, is continuously increasing because this product can have a wide range of applications. Non‐edible vegetable oils, recovered by the plants growing on marginal and polluted lands, represent a possible answer to industry versus food chain debate. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) seed oil can be considered as an interesting and sustainable alternative to edible soybean oil to make plasticizers. In this work, a comparison between different epoxidation methods of cardoon oil is depicted and argued, focusing on strong points and weaknesses for each of them. It is found that cardoon seed oil can be successfully epoxidized through feasible existing technologies, by peracids and hydrogen peroxide equally. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a “greener” cardoon oil epoxidation process is possible, by using hydrogen peroxide in the presence of commercial γ‐alumina as heterogeneous solid catalyst.Practical Applications: The paper analyzes the advantages and the problems of different epoxidation methods in order to obtain a final product with high quality and answer the environmental, social, and economic sustainability requirements.
Enzymatic Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐2,3‐cyclic‐phosphate Using a Novel Lysoplasmalogen‐Specific Phopholipase D
Authors: Sakasegawa Shin‐ich , Taira Shu , Yamamoto Kei , Sugimori Daisuke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany phospholipase Ds (PLDs) are known to catalyze transphosphatidylation as well as hydrolysis of phospholipids. Transphosphatidylation of lysoplasmalogen (LyPls)‐specific phospholipase D (LyPls‐PLD), which catalyzes hydrolysis of ether lysophospholipids such as LyPls and 1‐hexadecyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (Lyso‐PAF), still remains unclear. This study aims to reveal the transphosphatidylation activity of LyPls‐PLD, that is, the production of cyclic ether lysophospholipid. The enzymatic reaction is conducted in a buffer system, and the reaction products of a novel LyPls‐PLD from Thermocrispum sp. are investigated using mass spectrometry (MS). MS analyses demonstrate the reaction products to consist of 100% 1‐hexadecyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐2,3‐cyclic‐phosphate (cLyPA) and choline from Lyso‐PAF; however, 1‐alkenyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐2,3‐cyclic‐phosphate from 1‐O‐1′‐(Z)‐octadecenyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine and 1‐O‐1′‐(Z)‐octadecenyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine is not produced. These results are expected to help in elucidating the catalytic mechanism of LyPls‐PLD, that is, the rate‐limiting step, and indicate LyPls‐PLD to be useful for the one‐pot synthesis of cLyPA.Practical Applications: A novel phospholipase D, LyPls‐PLD, can exclusively synthesize cLyPA from Lyso‐PAF using a one‐step enzymatic reaction without an organic solvent. cLyPA could be expected to show bioactivities similar to those of cyclic phosphatidic acid, which promotes normal cell differentiation, hyaluronic acid synthesis, antiproliferative activity in fibroblasts, and inhibitory activity toward cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Context aware ontology‐based hybrid intelligent framework for vehicle driver categorization
Authors: Sarwar Sohail , Zia Saad , ul Qayyum Zia , Iqbal Muddesar , Safyan Muhammad , Mumtaz Shahid , García‐Castro Raúl , Kostromitin Konstantin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn public vehicles, one of the major concerns is driver's level of expertise for its direct proportionality to safety of passengers. Hence, before a driver is subjected to certain type of vehicle, he should be thoroughly evaluated and categorized with respect to certain parameters instead of only one‐time metric of having driving license. These aspects may be driver's expertise, vigilance, aptitude, experience years, cognition, driving style, formal education, terrain, region, minor violations, major accidents, and age group. The purpose of this categorization is to ascertain suitability of a driver for certain vehicle type(s) to ensure passengers' safety. Currently, no driver categorization technique fully comprehends the implicit as well as explicit characteristics of drivers dynamically. In this paper, machine learning–based dynamic and adaptive technique namedD‐CHAITs(driver categorization through hybrid of artificial intelligence techniques) is proposed for driver categorization with an objective focus on driver's attributes modeled in DriverOntology. A supervised mode of learning has been employed on a labeled dataset, having diverse profiles of drivers with attributes pertinent to drivers' perspectives of demographics, behaviors, expertise, and inclinations. A comparative analysis ofD‐CHAITwith three other machine learning techniques (fuzzy logic, case‐based reasoning, and artificial neural networks) is also presented. The efficacy of all techniques was empirically measured while categorizing the drivers based on their profiles through metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, F‐measure performance, and associated costs. These empirical quantifications assertD‐CHAITas a better technique than contemporary ones. The novelty of proposed technique is signified through preprocessing of feature attributes, quality of data, training of machine learning model on more relevant data, and adaptivity.
Entropy‐satisfying scheme for a hierarchy of dispersive reduced models of free surface flow
Authors: Parisot Martin 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis work is devoted to the numerical resolution in the multidimensional framework of a hierarchy of reduced models of the water wave equations, such as the Serre‐Green‐Naghdi model. A particular attention is paid to the dissipation of mechanical energy at the discrete level, which acts as a stability argument of the scheme, even with source terms such space and time variation of the bathymetry. In addition, the analysis leads to a natural way to deal with dry areas without leakage of energy. To illustrate the accuracy and the robustness of the strategy, several numerical experiments are carried out. In particular, the strategy is capable of treating dry areas without special treatment.
Clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic features for predicting central lymph node metastasis in clinically node‐negative papillary thyroid carcinoma without capsule invasion
Authors: Xu Shang‐Yan , Yao Jie‐Jie , Zhou Wei , Chen Lin , Zhan Wei‐Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the association of preoperative clinical and sonographic features with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with clinically node‐negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) without capsule invasion.MethodsClinical and sonographic features of 635 cN0 PTC nodules without capsule invasion were retrospectively reviewed. CLNM was confirmed by pathology. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the predicting factors associated with CLNM in cN0 PTC without capsule invasion.ResultsIn the 635 cN0 PTC nodules without capsule invasion, age ≤36 years, male, tumor size >8 mm, the distance between the tumor and the capsule ≤1.1 mm and calcification were independently associated with CLNM (P < .05).ConclusionsCLNM was associated with age, sex, tumor size, the distance between the tumor and the capsule, and calcification in cN0 PTC without capsule invasion. Preoperative assessment of risk factors could help to select PTC patients who benefit from surgery.
Evidence of long‐lasting anti‐CD19 activity of engrafted CD19 chimeric antigen receptor–modified T cells in a phase I study targeting pediatrics with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ma Futian , Ho Jin‐Yuan , Du Huan , Xuan Fan , Wu Xiaoli , Wang Qinglong , Wang Lin , Liu Ying , Ba Min , Wang Yizhuo , Luo Jianmin , Li Jianqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNinety percent of relapse/refractory B‐cell acute lymphatic leukemia (R/R B‐ALL) patients can achieve complete remission (CR) after CD19‐targeting chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy. However, around 50% of them relapse in 1 year. Persistent CAR‐T cell engraftment is considered as the key to remain durable remission. Here, we initiated a phase I study to treat 10 pediatric B‐ALL patients using a CD19‐targeted second generation CAR with a 4‐1BB intracellular costimulatory domain. All patients received a standard fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) preconditioning regiment, followed by a CAR‐T infusion with a median number of 0.5 (0.3‐1.58) × 106 CAR+ T cells/kg. The pretreatment tumor burdens were high with a median bone marrow (BM) blasts percentage of 59.2% (7.31%‐86.2%), excluding one patient only with brain infiltration of leukemia cells (0% BM blasts). The initial CR rate was 80% (n = 8/10). Four patients (40%) experienced serious (grade > 2) cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and three patients (30%) with obvious neurotoxicity. Monthly assessments of CD19+ minimal residual disease (MRD) and CAR‐T engraftment demonstrated the anti‐CD19 activity of long‐term engrafted CAR‐T cell clones in one patient for more than 2 years.