bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of transarterial embolization of hepatocellular adenomas
Authors: van Rosmalen B V , Klompenhouwer A J , de Graeff J Jaap , Haring M P D , de Meijer V E , Rifai L , Dokmak S , Rawashdeh A , Abu Hilal M , de Jong M C , Dejong C H C , Doukas M , de Man R A , IJzermans J N M , van Delden O M , Verheij J , van Gulik T M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) larger than 5 cm in diameter has an increased risk of haemorrhage and malignant transformation, and is considered an indication for resection. As an alternative to resection, transarterial embolization (TAE) may play a role in prevention of complications of HCA, but its safety and efficacy are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes and postembolization effects of selective TAE in the management of HCA.

Methods
This retrospective, multicentre cohort study included patients aged at least 18 years, diagnosed with HCA and treated with TAE. Patient characteristics, 30-day complications, tumour size before and after TAE, symptoms before and after TAE, and need for secondary interventions were analysed.

Results
Overall, 59 patients with a median age of 33.5 years were included from six centres; 57 of the 59 patients were women. Median tumour size at time of TAE was 76 mm. Six of 59 patients (10 per cent) had a major complication (cyst formation or sepsis), which could be resolved with minimal therapy, but prolonged hospital stay. Thirty-four patients (58 per cent) were symptomatic at presentation. There were no significant differences in symptoms before TAE and symptoms evaluated in the short term (within 3 months) after TAE (P = 0·134). First follow-up imaging was performed a median of 5·5 months after TAE and showed a reduction in size to a median of 48 mm (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
TAE is safe, can lead to adequate size reduction of HCA and, offers an alternative to resection in selected patients.
Cerebrospinal fluid light and heavy neurofilament level increased in anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Li Jiayu , Gu Yong , An Hongwei , Zhou Zheyi , Zheng Dong , Wang Zhanhang , Wen Zehuai , Shen Hai‐Ying , Wang Qi , Wang Honghao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeurofilaments (Nf) are a series of highly specific scaffolding proteins of neurons. Neurofilament light chains (Nf‐L) and the heavy one (Nf‐H) are subunits of Nf, and they are recognized as potent productions of neural damage. The concentrations of Nf aggrandized significantly in neurological disease including neuromyelitis optica, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. However, whether Nf in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) elevated in anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is unclear. Here, we aimed to detect whether CSF Nf is altered in NMDAR and whether changes in CSF Nf can serve as an objective and effective biomarker to evaluate disease severity and prognosis.MethodsWe collected 24 anti‐NMDAR encephalitis patients, 11 viral meningoencephalitis/encephalitis (VM) patients, and 21 controls in this study. CSF Nf‐L, Nf‐H, and cytokine levels (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐17A) were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between groups. We evaluated patients’ clinical outcomes or prognosis according to modified Rankin scale (mRS) score.ResultsCompared with controls, both CSF Nf‐L and Nf‐H levels were significantly increased in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis patients. While compared with VM patients, only Nf‐L were increased in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis patients. Moreover, CSF Nf‐L were positively correlated with concentration of cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐17A) and mRS scores in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis patients. After treatment, both CSF Nf‐L and Nf‐H levels decreased. Furthermore, the Nf‐L during follow‐up positively correlated with 3‐month mRS scores, and ΔNf‐L positively correlated with ΔmRS.ConclusionsBriefly, CSF Nf‐L levels notably increased in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis patients in acute phase and positively correlated with disease severity. It could be considered as a useful indicator for clinical outcomes and prognosis.
Impact on health‐related quality of life deterioration‐free survival of a first‐line therapy combining nab‐paclitaxel plus either gemcitabine or simplified leucovorin and fluorouracil for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: Results of the randomized phase II AFUGEM GERCOR clinical trial
Authors: Charton Emilie , Bachet Jean‐Baptiste , Hammel Pascal , Desramé Jérôme , Chibaudel Benoist , Cohen Romain , Debourdeau Philippe , Dauba Jérome , Lecomte Thierry , Seitz Jean‐François , Tournigand Christophe , Aparicio Thomas , Guerin‐Meyer Véronique , Taieb Julien , Volet Julien , Louvet Christophe , Anota Amélie , Bonnetain Franck 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe phase II AFUGEM GERCOR trial aimed to assess the efficacy of a first‐line therapy combining nab‐paclitaxel plus either gemcitabine (gemcitabine group) or simplified leucovorin and fluorouracil (sLV5FU2 group) in patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer. Results of progression‐free survival at 4 months (primary endpoint) were in favor of the sLV5FU2 group. This paper presents health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) data as a secondary endpoint.MethodsHRQoL was assessed using the EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire at baseline and at each chemotherapy cycle until the end of treatment. The HRQoL deterioration‐free survival (QFS) was used as a modality of longitudinal analysis. QFS was defined as the time between randomization and the first definitive HRQoL score deterioration as compared to the baseline score, or death. Sensitivity analysis was performed excluding death as an event. Univariate Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the treatment effect.ResultsBetween 2013 and 2014, 114 patients were randomized in a 1:2 ratio (39 in the gemcitabine group and 75 in the sLV5FU2 group). Patients in the sLV5FU2 group seemed to present longer QFS than those of the gemcitabine group for 14 out of 15 dimensions, with HRs < 1. Results of the sensitivity analysis excluding death as an event were significantly in favor of the sLV5FU2 group for physical functioning (HR = 0.51 [90% CI 0.27‐0.97]) and pain (HR = 0.26 [90% CI 0.09‐0.74]).ConclusionThe nab‐paclitaxel plus simplified leucovorin and fluorouracil combination had no negative impact in exploratory HRQoL analyses.
Deliquescence and Efflorescence of Hygroscopic Salt Particles in Dust Cakes on Surface Filters
Authors: Horst David , Zhang Qian , Schmidt Eberhard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the case of dust separation with surface filters, both the structure of the formed cake and the adhesive bonds on particle contacts significantly influence the operating behavior. Microscopic as well as macroscopic insights into the characteristics of deliquescence and efflorescence of salt particles in contact with non‐hygroscopic particles are presented. By means of an environmental scanning electron microscope a change to the adhesive bonds as well as a restructuring of the dust cake are observed. The change in the performance of test filters by inducing deliquescence and efflorescence of the salt particle fraction in a dust cake is investigated on a customized standard filter testing rig.
Hydrogen Production via Load‐Matched Coupled Solar‐Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Using Aqueous Methanol
Authors: Arellano-Garcia Harvey , Ife Maximilian R. , Sanduk Mohammed , Sebastia-Saez Daniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHydrogen production via a directly coupled solar‐proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis system using aqueous methanol instead of water was investigated. The effect of load matching and methanol concentration on hydrogen production rates, electrolysis efficiency, and solar‐hydrogen efficiency was evaluated. The electrolysis efficiencies were subsequently used in simulation studies to estimate production costs in scaled‐up systems. The results demonstrate that the added hydrogen production associated with the methanol solutions leads to favorable hydrogen production costs at smaller scales.
Precise Manipulation of Temperature‐Driven Chirality Switching of Molecular Universal Joints through Solvent Mixing
Authors: Fan Chunying , Yao Jiabin , Li Guojuan , Guo Cheng , Wu Wanhua , Su Dan , Zhong Zhihui , Zhou Dayang , Wang Yuliang , Chruma Jason J. , Yang Cheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThree chiral bicyclic pillar[5]arene derivatives termed as molecular universal joints (MUJs), were synthesized and separated enantiomerically. These MUJs showed temperature‐driven chirality switching in certain solvents. Herein, it is demonstrated that temperature‐driven chirality switching could also be realized by mixing two miscible organic solvents, in each of which chirality inversion is not accomplishable. Additionally, solvent mixing drastically varied the inversion temperature of the MUJs, for example, from far below zero to room temperature. Moreover, the temperature‐driven Sp/Rp to Rp/Sp chirality switching direction could be reversed by the solvent mixing and it was critically controlled by the mixing ratios of the two solvents. These observations allowed precise manipulation of the chirality switching behavior of the MUJs. Such a chirality switching was ascribed to the influences of solvent and temperature on the in–out equilibrium of the side rings, which is delicately controlled by several processes, including the solvation/desolvation and the inclusion/exclusion of the side rings and solvent molecules. Crucially, the solvent mixing introduced new supramolecular processes, in particular the desolvation of solvent molecules from the mixed solvent system and the solvation of the side ring by the mixed solvent, which significantly disturbed the original in–out equilibrium of MUJs and drastically switched the entropy and enthalpy changes of conformational interconversion.
Simulated Sunlight Selectively Modifies Maillard Reaction Products in a Wide Array of Chemical Reactions
Authors: Hemmler Daniel , Gonsior Michael , Powers Leanne C. , Marshall James W. , Rychlik Michael , Taylor Andrew J. , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe photochemical transformation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) under simulated sunlight into mostly unexplored photoproducts is reported herein. Non‐enzymatic glycation of amino acids leads to a heterogeneous class of intermediates with extreme chemical diversity, which is of particular relevance in processed and stored food products as well as in diabetic and age‐related protein damage. Here, three amino acids (lysine, arginine, and histidine) were reacted with ribose at 100 °C in water for ten hours. Exposing these model systems to simulated sunlight led to a fast decay of MRPs. The photodegradation of MRPs and the formation of new compounds have been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and nontargeted (ultra)high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Photoreactions showed strong selectivity towards the degradation of electron‐rich aromatic heterocycles, such as pyrroles and pyrimidines. The data show that oxidative cleavage mechanisms dominate the formation of photoproducts. The photochemical transformations differed fundamentally from “traditional” thermal Maillard reactions and indicated a high amino acid specificity.
Subcomponent Self‐Assembly of a Cyclic Tetranuclear FeII Helicate in a Highly Diastereoselective Self‐Sorting Manner
Authors: Anhäuser Jana , Puttreddy Rakesh , Glanz Lukas , Schneider Andreas , Engeser Marianne , Rissanen Kari , Lützen Arne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn enantiomerically pure diamine based on the 4,15‐difunctionalized [2.2]paracyclophane scaffold and 2‐formylpyridine self‐assemble into an optically pure cyclic metallosupramolecular Fe4L6 helicate upon mixing with iron(II) ions in a diastereoselective subcomponent self‐assembly process. The cyclic assembly results from steric strain that prevents the formation of a smaller linear dinuclear triple‐stranded helicate, and hence, leads to the larger strain‐free assembly that fulfils the maximum occupancy rule. Interestingly, use of the racemic diamine also leads to a racemic mixture of the homochiral cyclic helicates as the major product in a highly diastereoselective narcissistic chiral self‐sorting manner given the fact that the assembly contains ten stereogenic elements, which can in principle give rise to 149 different diastereomers. The metallosupramolecular aggregates could be characterized by NMR, UV/Vis and CD spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography.
Monitoring of Measurable Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma by Multiparametric Flow Cytometry
Authors: Soh Kah Teong , Wallace Paul K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent interest in high‐sensitivity multiple myeloma (MM) measurable residual disease (MRD) testing is a direct consequence of the high‐quality responses achieved using novel therapeutic agents and better treatment strategies. Traditional diagnostic measures such as immunohistochemistry and morphology have detection sensitivities of only 10−2 to 10−3, which do not reliably predict progression‐free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) after these treatments. Contemporary monitoring of MM MRD has switched to more sensitive platforms such as allele‐specific oligonucleotide quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ASO‐qPCR), next‐generation sequencing (NGS), and multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC). Though both ASO‐qPCR and NGS have excellent detection sensitivities (10−5 to 10−6), both technologies have lower applicability when compared to MFC. Conventional MFC can easily reach a detection sensitivity of 10−4 and when optimized can achieve a sensitivity of 10−5 to 10−6. Current consensus guidelines require a minimum of 2 million and recommend 5 million events be acquired to reach a minimum sensitivity of 10−5. As conventional immunophenotyping protocols are unable to attain these numbers, alternative MFC staining procedures are required. This article describes two high‐sensitivity MFC approaches that can be used for MM MRD testing. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evolutionary game analysis on competition strategy choice of application providers
Authors: Ye Ayong , Jin Junlin , Yang Zhijiang , Zhao Ziwen , Meng LingYu 
Published: July 2019

SummaryModern smartphone platforms offer a multitude of useful features to their users, but at the same time, they highly affect privacy, which may lead to unnecessary personal data being collected. In this paper, we proposed an evolutionary game model to study permission request strategies of the bounded rational application providers. We study the proposed model with detailed simulations. Initial results demonstrate that evolution processes are influenced by four factors: revenue increase ratio, market share, credit cost, and market attraction. It also suggests that establishing a privacy alarm mechanism not only can improve the users' privacy awareness but also decrease the market share when providers over‐request permissions and push them request permissions properly.
Star‐Shaped Non‐Fullerene Small Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Pan Yi‐Qi , Sun Guang‐Yan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the past decade, organic solar cells (OSCs) have received considerable attention from the scientific community and are considered one of the most important sources of low‐cost electricity production. Recently, OSC‐based on star‐shaped small‐molecule (SM) non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have developed rapidly, and the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) has exceeded 10 %. The star‐shaped SM NFAs not only have three‐dimensional charge‐transport characteristics similar to fullerenes but also have a strong light absorption capacities and easily tunable energy levels. They are potential candidates as outstanding acceptor materials. In this Review, research progress in of star‐shaped SM NFAs OSCs is reviewed specifically. Moreover, the influence of molecular structure, central unit, and peripheral linking group on OSC performance has been evaluated systematically. This Review could stimulate inspiration for designing high‐performance OSC acceptor materials in the future.
Powering the Hydrogen Economy from Waste Heat: A Review of Heat‐to‐Hydrogen Concepts
Authors: Mulla Rafiq , Dunnill Charles W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEver‐increasing energy demands and environmental concerns require new and clean energy supplies, many of which are intermittent and do not correlate with demand. To balance supply with demand, a universal energy vector should be employed such that intermittent renewable energy can be stored and transported and then used when needed. Hydrogen is the perfect universal energy vector and a possible solution that ensures environmental cleanliness, maximum utilization of renewable energy sources, and high efficiency, whereby the combustion of the fuel yields only water. One abundant and freely available energy source—both anthropogenic and natural—is heat. Heat can be obtained from industrial processes and is indeed often viewed as a waste product with a premium to remove but is notoriously difficult to capture, store, and transport. Capturing and storing low‐grade heat therefore provides a significant opportunity and can be achieved by coupling thermoelectric generators and water electrolyzers. A thermoelectric generator is placed within a thermal energy gradient and produces a flow of current that is fed to the electrolysis unit with which it produces hydrogen and oxygen as the final products. The hydrogen can be stored for long periods and transported for “on‐demand” use in fuel cells for electricity from hydrogen burners for a return to thermal energy. This Review summarizes the current state‐of‐the‐art research into implementing thermoelectric generators and utilizing heat as a primary energy source to produce hydrogen, which could replace the need for extra electric power to run hydrogen production units. Furthermore, suitable requirements, modifications, and other related aspects associated with such a new and novel method of hydrogen generation are discussed. Hydrogen produced from otherwise‐wasted energy sources can be considered to be green.
γδ T‐cell responses during HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Juno Jennifer A , Eriksson Emily M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHIV infection is associated with a rapid and sustained inversion of the Vδ1:Vδ2 T‐cell ratio in peripheral blood. Studies of antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐treated cohorts suggest that ART is insufficient to reconstitute either the frequency or function of the γδ T‐cell subset. Recent advances are now beginning to shed light on the relationship between microbial translocation, chronic inflammation, immune ageing and γδ T‐cell immunology. Here, we review the impact of acute, chronic untreated and treated HIV infection on circulating and mucosal γδ T‐cell subsets and highlight novel approaches to harness γδ T cells as components of anti‐HIV immunotherapy.
RETRACTED: Dose‐dependent chemopreventive effects of citronellol in DMBA‐induced breast cancer among rats
Authors: Rajendran Jayaganesh , Pachaiappan Pugalendhi , Subramaniyan Suganthi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women world wide and its incidence is on tremendous increase. The present study is aimed to analyze the dose‐dependent chemopreventive efficacy of citronellol on 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)‐induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. The mammary tumor was induced through a single dose of DMBA (25 mg/rat) injected subcutaneously near the mammary gland of rats. In DMBA‐injected rats, 100% tumor incidence, increased tumor volume, and tumor burden along with loss of body weight were observed. Biochemical analysis revealed the increased levels of phase I detoxification proteins (cytochrome P450 and b5) and decreased activities of phase II detoxification enzymes (glutathione‐S‐transferase and glutathione reductase) in hepatic and mammary tissues. The levels of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants (superoxidedismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and (GPx) and reduced glutathione) were decreased and lipid peroxidation by‐products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and lipid hydroperoxide) got increased in plasma and mammary tissues. Oral administration of different doses of citronellol (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight) to DMBA‐treated rats for 16 weeks absolutely inhibited the tumor incidence and restored the biochemical parameters near to normal level in 50 and 100 mg doses whereas the histopathological studies also supported the biochemical findings. Hence, the result suggests that the citronellol of 50 mg/kg body weight exerted significant chemopreventive effects and can be considered as a minimum optimum dose in the prevention of mammary carcinogenesis.
The potential of siRNA based drug delivery in respiratory disorders: Recent advances and progress
Authors: Dua Kamal , Wadhwa Ridhima , Singhvi Gautam , Rapalli Vamshikrishna , Shukla Shakti Dhar , Shastri Madhur D. , Gupta Gaurav , Satija Saurabh , Mehta Meenu , Khurana Navneet , Awasthi Rajendra , Maurya Pawan Kumar , Thangavelu Lakshmi , S Rajeshkumar , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Collet Trudi , Hansbro Philip M. , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLung diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The currently available therapies are not sufficient, leading to the urgent need for new therapies with sustained anti‐inflammatory effects. Small/short or silencing interfering RNA (siRNA) has potential therapeutic implications through post‐transcriptional downregulation of the target gene expression. siRNA is essential in gene regulation, so is more favorable over other gene therapies due to its small size, high specificity, potency, and no or low immune response. In chronic respiratory diseases, local and targeted delivery of siRNA is achieved via inhalation. The effectual delivery can be attained by the generation of aerosols via inhalers and nebulizers, which overcomes anatomical barriers, alveolar macrophage clearance and mucociliary clearance. In this review, we discuss the different siRNA nanocarrier systems for chronic respiratory diseases, for safe and effective delivery. siRNA mediated pro‐inflammatory gene or miRNA targeting approach can be a useful approach in combating chronic respiratory inflammatory conditions and thus providing sustained drug delivery, reduced therapeutic dose, and improved patient compliance. This review will be of high relevance to the formulation, biological and translational scientists working in the area of respiratory diseases.