bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bundle sheath extensions affect leaf structural and physiological plasticity in response to irradiance
Authors: Barbosa Maria Antonia M. , Chitwood Daniel H. , Azevedo Aristéa A. , Araújo Wagner L. , Ribeiro Dimas M. , Peres Lázaro E.P. , Martins Samuel C.V. , Zsögön Agustin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCoordination between structural and physiological traits is key to plants' responses to environmental fluctuations. In heterobaric leaves, bundle sheath extensions (BSEs) increase photosynthetic performance (light‐saturated rates of photosynthesis, Amax) and water transport capacity (leaf hydraulic conductance, Kleaf). However, it is not clear how BSEs affect these and other leaf developmental and physiological parameters in response to environmental conditions. The obscuravenosa (obv) mutation, found in many commercial tomato varieties, leads to absence of BSEs. We examined structural and physiological traits of tomato heterobaric and homobaric (obv) near‐isogenic lines grown at two different irradiance levels. Kleaf, minor vein density, and stomatal pore area index decreased with shading in heterobaric but not in homobaric leaves, which show similarly lower values in both conditions. Homobaric plants, on the other hand, showed increased Amax, leaf intercellular air spaces, and mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular airspace (Smes) in comparison with heterobaric plants when both were grown in the shade. BSEs further affected carbon isotope discrimination, a proxy for long‐term water‐use efficiency. BSEs confer plasticity in traits related to leaf structure and function in response to irradiance levels and might act as a hub integrating leaf structure, photosynthetic function, and water supply and demand.
Local genomic features predict the distinct and overlapping binding patterns of the bHLH‐Zip family oncoproteins MITF and MYC‐MAX
Authors: Hejna Miroslav , Moon Wooyoung M. , Cheng Jeffrey , Kawakami Akinori , Fisher David E. , Song Jun S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMITF and MYC are well‐known oncoproteins and members of the basic helix–loop–helix leucine zipper (bHLH‐Zip) family of transcription factors (TFs) recognizing hexamer E‐box motifs. MITF and MYC not only share the core binding motif, but are also the two most highly expressed bHLH‐Zip transcription factors in melanocytes, raising the possibility that they may compete for the same binding sites in select oncogenic targets. Mechanisms determining the distinct and potentially overlapping binding modes of these critical oncoproteins remain uncharacterized. We introduce computational predictive models using local sequence features, including a boosted convolutional decision tree framework, to distinguish MITF versus MYC‐MAX binding sites with up to 80% accuracy genomewide. Select E‐box locations that can be bound by both MITF and MYC‐MAX form a separate class of MITF binding sites characterized by differential sequence content in the flanking region, diminished interaction with SOX10, higher evolutionary conservation, and less tissue‐specific chromatin organization.
Red blood cell transfusion in southern Finland from 2011 to 2016: a quality audit
Authors: Laurén E. , Vikatmaa L. , Kerkelä E. , Kivipuro T. , Krusius T. , Syrjälä M. , Ihalainen J. , Pettilä V. 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYObjectivesThe current trends in RBC use and pre‐ and post‐transfusion Hb levels were analysed to improve practice and to provide international comparison.BackgroundIndications for RBC transfusion have changed with growing scientific evidence. The lowest acceptable haemoglobin (Hb) level has decreased, and transfusing single units instead of pairs has become the new standard. Evidence‐based guidelines and patient blood management (PBM) programmes increase clinician awareness of rational RBC use. In Finland, however, no formal PBM programme has been established to date.MethodsThe study was registry‐based, retrospective and observational. All RBC transfusions for adult patients from 2011 to 2016 in the southern region of Finland were analysed.ResultsRBC usage decreased from 34·9 to 27·5 units per 1000 population (P < 0·001). The percentage of single‐unit transfusions increased from 57·9 to 66·7%, and the median pre‐ and post‐transfusion Hb levels decreased from 8·4 to 8·2 g dL−1 (P < 0·001) and 9·9 to 9·6 g dL−1 (P < 0·001), respectively. The proportion of transfusions with pre‐transfusion Hb ≥ 9·0 g dL−1 decreased during the study period but remained high, being 29·5% in 2011 and still 25·2% in 2016.ConclusionsConsumption of RBCs has decreased despite aging population and increasing healthcare performance demands. The results indicate more rational and evidence‐based RBC use. Nevertheless, the transfusion rate and pre‐ and post‐transfusion Hb are still sufficiently high to enable more restrictive transfusion practice.
Measures of movement and mobility used in clinical practice and research: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Moulton Elizabeth , Wilson Rosemary , Edge Dana S. , VanDenKerkhof Elizabeth , Deluzio Kevin , Ross-White Amanda 
Published: December 2018

Review question:
The first objective of this scoping review is to identify all tools designed to measure movement or mobility in adults. The second objective is to compare the tools to the conceptual definitions of movement and mobility by mapping them against the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
The specific questions that will be answered for each tool by the mapping are:
Seasonal depth and temperature use, and diel movements of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a subarctic lake
Authors: Gallagher Colin P. , Guzzo Matthew M. , Dick Terry A. 
Published: December 2018

We conducted a multi-year acoustic telemetry study of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum, 1792)) in a small subarctic lake to investigate depth and temperature occupancy, and vertical activity across seasons (summer, fall, and winter), diel periods (day, twilight, and night), and during summer periods of 24 h light (day and twilight). Analyses using generalized additive mixed models revealed a high degree of individual variation in depth occupancy independent of the factors hour of day, season, and diel period, whereas temperature occupancy and vertical activity were explained using the three combined factors. Habitats occupied were typically 9–20 m and 6–9.5 °C in summer, 1–3 m and 2–15 °C in fall during presumed spawning, and ≤6 m and <3 °C in winter. Lake trout exhibited partial diel migration where individuals displayed a variety of vertical migratory directions within and among seasons or diel period, including during periods of 24 h light. Fish were most vertically active during periods of daylight and in fall. During 24 h light, some lake trout performed crepuscular movements, whereas individual behaviour best explained modelled depth and temperature occupancy and vertical activity. The variety of vertical patterns among individuals and seasons suggests multifactor proximate causes of partial diel migration and crepuscular movements.
Gauge properties of hadronic structure of nucleon in neutron radiative beta decay to order O(α/π) in standard V − A effective theory with QED and linear sigma model of strong low-energy interactions
Authors: Ivanov A. N. , Höllwieser R. , Troitskaya N. I. , Wellenzohn M. , Berdnikov Ya. A. 
Published: December 2018

Within the standard [Formula: see text] theory of weak interactions, Quantum electrodynamics (QED) and the linear [Formula: see text]-model (L[Formula: see text]M) of strong low-energy hadronic interactions, we analyze gauge properties of hadronic structure of the neutron and proton in the neutron radiative [Formula: see text]-decay. We show that the Feynman diagrams, describing contributions of hadronic structure to the amplitude of the neutron radiative [Formula: see text]-decay in the tree-approximation for strong low-energy interactions in the L[Formula: see text]M, are gauge invariant. In turn, the complete set of Feynman diagrams, describing the contributions of hadron–photon interactions in the one-hadron-loop approximation, is not gauge invariant. In the infinite limit of the scalar [Formula: see text]-meson, reproducing the current algebra results (S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 188 (1967)), and to leading order in the large nucleon mass expansion the Feynman diagrams, violating gauge invariance, do not contribute to the amplitude of the neutron radiative [Formula: see text]-decay in agreement with Sirlin’s analysis of strong low-energy interactions in neutron [Formula: see text] decays. We assert that the problem of appearance of gauge noninvariant Feynman diagrams of hadronic structure of the neutron and proton is related to the following. The vertex of the effective [Formula: see text] weak interactions does not belong to the combined quantum field theory including the L[Formula: see text]M and QED. We argue that gauge invariant set of Feynman diagrams of hadrons, coupled to real and virtual photons in neutron [Formula: see text] decays, can be obtained within the combined quantum field theory including the Standard Electroweak Model (SEM) and the L[Formula: see text]M, where the effective [Formula: see text] vertex of weak interactions is a result of the [Formula: see text]-electroweak boson exchange.
Growth and characterization of third-order nonlinear optical lithium hydrogen maleate dihydrate single-crystal
Authors: Karuna S. , Balu A. R. , Shyamala D. , Nagarethinam V. S. , Delci Z. 
Published: December 2018

A third-order nonlinear optical crystal of lithium hydrogen maleate dihydrate (LHMD) is grown by the process of slow evaporation at room-temperature. The LHMD crystal system is orthorhombic and is a member of P space group. Using FTIR spectral investigation, the presence of main functional groups in LHMD crystal is identified. The optical behavior of the crystal is determined by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The bandgap energy of the LHMD crystal is calculated to be 3.4 eV. By Vickers microhardness measurements, the mechanical behavior has been assessed. The melting point of LHMD is determined by TG-DTA analysis. The defects present in the LHMD crystal are studied by dielectric loss and dielectric constant. SHG studies are performed for the LHMD crystal by Kurtz and Perry method. The third-order nonlinear characteristics of the LHMD crystal are analyzed by Z-scan technique. The laser damage threshold (LDT) study is carried out to verify the suitability of the crystal for laser applications.
Model-based Construction and Verification of Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Bu Lei , Zhang Tian , Chen Xin , Wang Linzhang , Zhao Jianhua , Li Xuandong 
Published: December 2018

By combining communication, computation, and control (3C), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)0tightly couple the physical world with the cyber-world, to enable more applications, enhance performance, increase dependability and etc. Among these goals, as CPS are widely used in the safety-critical area, guaranteeing the basic dependability/safety is after all the prerequisite and often the top concern.
However, the behavior of CPS is extremely complex. First of all, due to the existence of both discrete control modes transition and continuous real-time behavior in CPS, the behavior of CPS is a complex hybrid state space, which is difficult to understand and handle. Secondly, most CPS applications are working in the open environment and acquiring real-time data from the environment intensively to adjust their own behavior. The dynamic environment makes the behavior space more complex to reason.
When a system is too complex to analyze directly, building an abstract model of the system and then conducting analysis on the model to answer questions about the original system is an important and widely-used method. Meanwhile, a reasonable model also plays important roles in the phase of specification, design, development, testing, monitoring and so on. Therefore, it is an important topic of investigating how model-based methods can be applied in the context of CPS to increase the quality and dependability of the system.
During the past decade, our research group at Nanjing University has devoted a lot of efforts into this mission. We conducted comprehensive research in a wide spectrum of CPS including model-driven design, verification, control, monitoring, and testing. In this paper, we will make a general review of the progress we made on these directions recently.
Early myocardial changes induced by doxorubicin in the nonfailing dilated ventricle
Authors: Rodrigues Patricia G. , Miranda-Silva Daniela , Costa Sofia M. , Barros Carla , Hamdani Nazha , Moura Cláudia , Mendes Maria J. , Sousa-Mendes Cláudia , Trindade Fábio , Fontoura Dulce , Vitorino Rui , Linke Wolfgang A. , Leite-Moreira Adelino F. , Falcão-Pires Inês 
Published: December 2018

Several studies have demonstrated that administration of doxorubicin (DOXO) results in cardiotoxicity, which eventually progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy. The present work aimed to evaluate the early myocardial changes of DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity. Male New Zealand White rabbits were injected intravenously with DOXO twice weekly for 8 wk [DOXO-induced heart failure (DOXO-HF)] or with an equivolumetric dose of saline (control). Echocardiographic evaluation was performed, and myocardial samples were collected to evaluate myocardial cellular and molecular modifications. The DOXO-HF group presented cardiac hypertrophy and higher left ventricular cavity diameters, showing a dilated phenotype but preserved ejection fraction. Concerning cardiomyocyte function, the DOXO-HF group presented a trend toward increased active tension without significant differences in passive tension. The myocardial GSSG-to-GSH ratio and interstitial fibrosis were increased and Bax-to- Bcl-2 ratio presented a trend toward an increase, suggesting the activation of apoptosis signaling pathways. The macromolecule titin shifted toward the more compliant isoform (N2BA), whereas the stiffer one (N2B) was shown to be hypophosphorylated. Differential protein analysis from the aggregate-enriched fraction through gel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed an increase in the histidine-rich glycoprotein fragment in DOXO-HF animals. This work describes novel and early myocardial effects of DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity. Thus, tracking these changes appears to be of extreme relevance for the early detection of cardiac damage (as soon as ventricular dilation becomes evident) before irreversible cardiac function deterioration occurs (reduced ejection fraction). Moreover, it allows for the adjustment of the therapeutic approach and thus the prevention of cardiomyopathy progression.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Identification of early myocardial effects of doxorubicin in the heart is essential to hinder the development of cardiac complications and adjust the therapeutic approach. This study describes doxorubicin-induced cellular and molecular modifications before the onset of dilated cardiomyopathy. Myocardial samples from doxorubicin-treated rabbits showed a tendency for higher cardiomyocyte active tension, titin isoform shift from N2B to N2BA, hypophosphorylation of N2B, increased apoptotic genes, left ventricular interstitial fibrosis, and increased aggregation of histidine-rich glycoprotein.
Anagrelide for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Pulkka Olli-Pekka , Gebreyohannes Yemarshet K. , Wozniak Agnieszka , Mpindi John-Patrick , Tynninen Olli , Icay Katherine , Cervera Alejandra , Keskitalo Salla , Murumägi Astrid , Kulesskiy Evgeny , Laaksonen Maria , Wennerberg Krister , Varjosalo Markku , Laakkonen Pirjo , Lehtonen Rainer , Hautaniemi Sampsa , Kallioniemi Olli , Schöffski Patrick , Sihto Harri , Joensuu Heikki 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a common type of soft-tissue sarcoma. Imatinib, an inhibitor of KIT, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), and a few other tyrosine kinases, is highly effective for GIST, but advanced GISTs frequently progress on imatinib and other approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We investigated phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) as a potential therapeutic target in GIST cell lines and xenograft models.

Experimental Design:
The GIST gene expression profile was interrogated in the MediSapiens IST Online transcriptome database comprising human tissue and cancer samples, and PDE3A and PDE3B expression was studied using IHC on tissue microarrays (TMA) consisting of 630 formalin-fixed human tissue samples. GIST cell lines were screened for sensitivity to 217 anticancer compounds, and the efficacy of PDE inhibitors on GIST was further studied in GIST cell lines and patient-derived mouse xenograft models.

Results:
GISTs expressed PDE3A and PDE3B frequently compared with other human normal or cancerous tissues both in the in silico database and the TMAs. Anagrelide was identified as the most potent of the PDE3 modulators evaluated. It reduced cell viability, promoted cell death, and influenced cell signaling in GIST cell lines. Anagrelide inhibited tumor growth in GIST xenograft mouse models. Anagrelide was also effective in a GIST xenograft mouse model with KIT exon 9 mutation that may pose a therapeutic challenge, as these GISTs require a high daily dose of imatinib.

Conclusions:
PDE3A and PDE3B are frequently expressed in GIST. Anagrelide had anticancer efficacy in GIST xenograft models and warrants further testing in clinical trials.
Generations and Protest in Eastern Germany: Between Revolution and Apathy
Authors: Joly Philippe 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
How is the protest behavior of citizens in new democracies influenced by their experience of the past? Certain theories of political socialization hold that cohorts reaching political maturity under dictatorship are subject to apathy. Yet, it remains unclear whether mobilization during the transition can counterbalance this effect. This article examines the protest behavior of citizens socialized in Eastern Germany, a region marked by two legacies: a legacy of autocracy and, following the 1989-90 revolution, a legacy of transitional mobilization. Using age-period-cohort models with data from the European Social Survey, the analysis assesses the evolution of gaps in protest across generations and time between East and West Germans. The results demonstrate that participation in demonstrations, petitions, and boycotts is lower for East Germans socialized under communism in comparison with West Germans from the same cohorts. This participation deficit remains stable over time and even increases for certain protest activities.
Elitist, Populist or Prophetic?A Critique of Public Theologizing in Democratic South Africa
Authors: Urbaniak Jakub 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Much has been already written about public theology’s prophetic role in democratic South Africa. This study seeks to offer a reality check. By probing some of Nico Koopman’s views on justice and reconciliation I draw tentative conclusions regarding the shortcomings characteristic of the prevalent discourses that have developed in South Africa under the umbrella of public theology since the mid-1990s. I seek to explain why liberation theologies—be it black, feminist or queer—may and should constructively disrupt these discourses. I also point to some promising (prophetically-loaded) insights coming from the chosen public theologians that revolve around the tension between civic spirit and public anger. Lastly, I suggest that one essential aspect of public theologians’ navigating between a populist temptation and a prophetic calling may be found in the need to rethink their theological accountability whereby grooving with people’s anger appears as a sine qua non condition for prophetic theologizing.
Dual-Polarized Radar Coverage in Terminal Airspaces and Its Effect on Interpretation of Winter Weather Signatures: Current Capabilities and Future Recommendations
Authors: Reeves Heather Dawn , Waters Jacqueline 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis is a feasibility study on the use of dual-polarized radars to infer icing in terminal airspaces (TASs) of commercial airports. The amount and quality of radar coverage in each TAS is quantified as a function of its location, traffic, and vulnerability to icing. No airport has 100% of the TAS covered, but most high-traffic or high-icing airports have comparatively good coverage (between 70% and 90%). A common occurrence during icing is anomalous propagation as 79% of events had an inversion within the TAS. This leads to overestimates in the elevations of icing layers and can cause significant ground-clutter contamination, which can overwhelm the echo produced by precipitation. The effects of beam broadening were also considered. Typical dendrite growth and melting layers can only be resolved in part of the TAS part of the time, or not at all, as these layers are often shallower than the radar beam. Because most airports have coverage from multiple radars, use of a three-dimensional mosaic was investigated. This allows for an increase in the TAS coverage (generally between 5% and 15%) and partly mitigates some of the resolution issues, but the maxima within individual layers are somewhat reduced in the interpolation process. A series of recommendations is made to address the concerns raised by this investigation. These include using only icing tops (not bottoms) to identify areas of icing, use of data mining to retrieve precipitation echo in the presence of ground clutter, and including the beamwidth in radar mosaics.
Revolutionary Love and Alter-globalisation: Towards a New Development Ethic
Authors: York Matt 
Published: December 2018

Neoliberal globalisation has increased inequalities, injustices, and violations of freedoms on an unprecedented scale, whilst creating a fertile environment for the rise of far-right xenophobic nationalism and authoritarianism. In parallel, the emergence of the alter-globalisation movement has responded with a growing popular resistance to neoliberal policy and practice. The experience of social movements over the last century confirms the pressing need for a framework of unity within this current movement wave which avoids the dominations and hierarchies of previous structures, maintains its constituent diversity and yet allows for the construction of a cohesive collective identity. This article positions love as a key concept in political theory/philosophy and for performing a central role in the revolutionary transformation of contemporary global capitalism, exploring how new love-based political subjectivities, practices, and group formations might emerge via a more than human material-psychosocio-affective commons, with opportunities for a reimagining of the frame within which an alter-globalisation might occur.
Case report: Tenesmus and the role of superior hypogastric plexus blocks
Authors: Liu Weiyang Christopher , Flamer David 
Published: December 2018

Background: Tenesmus is the unpleasant sensation of incomplete emptying of the rectum and it may be a distressing symptom for patients who suffer from rectal masses. Unlike nociceptive pain or visceral pain, little is understood about the pathway for this pain phenotype. There are also few studies examining the palliative treatment of this symptom. Case Presentation: In this case report, we describe a patient who presented with severe and refractory tenesmus secondary to a metastatic rectal lesion. Case Management: To address the patient’s refractory tenesmus, a superior hypogastric plexus neurolytic block was performed with alcohol under fluoroscopic guidance. Case Outcome: Immediately after the procedure, the patient reported complete abolishment of her tenesmus symptom. This effect endured for 3 months after which the patient. Conclusion: Superior hypogastric plexus block may be an effective procedure for the management of tenesmus. The successful abolishment of tenesmus following the block alludes that the nerve fibers carrying sensation of tenesmus either synapses or passes through the superior hypogastric plexus. Future studies should consider examining the neural pathway of tenesmus.