bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vitamin E on Endotoxin-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Rats
Authors: Yoshikawa T , Furukawa Y , Murakami M , Watanabe K , Kondo M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryExperimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can be induced by 4 hr sustained infusion of endotoxin in a dose of 100 mg/kg in rats. The experimental model of DIC in rats was used to study the preventive effect of vitamin E, α-tocopheryl acetate, against DIC. Before the infusion of endotoxin, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg/day of α-tocopheryl acetate was injected intraperitoneally for 4 successive days. The preventive effect against DIC was noted in all the parameters, such as fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products, fibrinogen level, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, and the number of renal glomeruli with fibrin thrombi, in rats treated with 1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg of α-tocopheryl acetate. From these results, it was shown that vitamin E, α-tocopheryl acetate, inhibited endotoxin-induced experimental DIC in rats.
Acquired Factor XI Deficiency in Systemic Lupus erythematosus
Authors: Vercellotti G M , Mosher D F 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA variety of coagulation abnormalities has been described in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report a unique SLE patient with an acquired factor XI deficiency. The low factor XI levels were not due to a classical coagulation inhibitor, but to a plasma factor (probably an immunoglobulin) that selectively bound factor XI. The factor XI deficiency improved after treatment with corticosteroids. Thus it is possible that in SLE immune complexes may bind clotting factors making them unavailable for use in the coagulation cascade.
Enhanced Affinity for Arachidonic Acid in Platelet-Rich Plasma from Rats with Adriamycin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Delaini F , Poggi A , Donati M B 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe have measured the response to arachidonic acid (AA) in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of rats with Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome. For this purpose we measured the kinetics of generation of malondialdehyde (MDA), a stable product of cyclooxygenase activity, in response to platelet stimulation with different concentrations of the substrate. The apparent Km of platelet cyclo-oxygenase for AA was similar in PRP from control rats and rats treated 1–5 days previously, whereas it was significantly reduced, as compared to controls, in PRP of rats treated 2–5 weeks previously. Such a difference was not observed when washed platelet suspensions were tested instead of PRP. Experiments with crossed platelet/plasma systems indicated that in rats treated from 2–5 weeks, a plasmatic abnormality was indeed responsible for the increased affinity of platelets for AA.It is conceivable that in this nephrotic syndrome model characterized by heavy proteinuria, some plasmatic component would be lost with the urine which is normally modulating the platelet response to AA. The observed increase in platelet affinity for AA could at least partially contribute to the enhanced thrombotic tendency reported in the same experimental model.
A Simple, Sensitive Spectrophotometric Assay for Extrinsic (Tissue-Type) Plasminogen Activator Applicable to Measurements in Plasma
Authors: Verheijen J H , Mullaart E , Chang G T G , Kluft C , Wijngaards G 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn indirect spectrophotometric assay for extrinsic plasminogen activator has been devised, which is based on the parabolic assay of Drapier et al. (5). The system contains activator, plasminogen, the synthetic plasmin substrate H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (S-2251, Kabi) and a mixture of soluble fibrinogen fragments prepared by treatment of fibrinogen with cyanogen bromide. The addition of these fibrinogen fragments considerably enhances the sensitivity and specificity of the method owing to specific stimulation of the plasminogen activation by extrinsic plasminogen activator.The assay conditions were optimized and the application for extrinsic plasminogen activator measurements in plasma euglobulin fractions is demonstrated.
Impairment of Platelet Aggregation by Echis colorata Venom Mediated by L-Amino Acid Oxidase or H2O2
Authors: Nathan I , Dvilansky A , Yirmiyahu T , Aharon M , Livne A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryEchis colorata bites cause impairment of platelet aggregation and hemostatic disorders. The mechanism by which the snake venom inhibits platelet aggregation was studied. Upon fractionation, aggregation impairment activity and L-amino acid oxidase activity were similarly separated from the crude venom, unlike other venom enzymes. Preparations of L-amino acid oxidase from E.colorata and from Crotalus adamanteus replaced effectively the crude E.colorata venom in impairment of platelet aggregation. Furthermore, different treatments known to inhibit L-amino acid oxidase reduced in parallel the oxidase activity and the impairment potency of both the venom and the enzyme preparation. H2O2 mimicked characteristically the impairment effects of L-amino acid oxidase and the venom. Catalase completely abolished the impairment effects of the enzyme and the venom. It is concluded that hydrogen peroxide formed by the venom L-amino acid oxidase plays a role in affecting platelet aggregation and thus could contribute to the extended bleeding typical to persons bitten by E.colorata.
Tests for Platelet Changes, Acute Phase Reactants and Serum Lipids in Diabetes mellitus and Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: van Oost B A , Veldhuyzen B F E , van Houwelingen H C , Timmermans A P M , Sixma J J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPlatelets tests, acute phase reactants and serum lipids were measured in patients with diabetes mellitus and patients with peripheral vascular disease. Patients frequently had abnormal platelet tests and significantly increased acute phase reactants and serum lipids, compared to young healthy control subjects. These differences were compared with multidiscriminant analysis. Patients could be separated in part from the control subjects with variables derived from the measurement of acute phase proteins and serum lipids. Platelet test results improved the separation between diabetics and control subjects, but not between patients with peripheral vascular disease and control subjects. Diabetic patients with severe retinopathy frequently had evidence of platelet activation. They also had increased acute phase reactants and serum lipids compared to diabetics with absent or nonproliferative retinopathy. In patients with peripheral vascular disease, only the fibrinogen concentration was related to the degree of vessel damage by arteriography.
Arthroscopic Treatment of a Posterior Labral Interposition after a Pediatric Hip Dislocation—A Case Report
Authors: Kruppa Christiane , Dudda Marcel , Schildhauer Thomas , Seybold Dominik 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report the case of a 13-year-old boy, who suffered a posterior hip dislocation from playing soccer. Closed reduction was performed urgently. Because of a nonconcentric hip after closed reduction, further imaging was done. An intra-articular bony fragment was identified. Arthroscopic treatment was performed. Through an anterior portal we were able to locate the intra-articular bony fragment, which was located within the region of the fovea. After lifting of the caudal enfolded labral complex, we were able to remove the fragment. Evidence of a grade 3 cartilage defect was present at the femoral head. We were able to reduce the enfolded posterior labral complex, which was stable afterwards without the necessity of additional suture fixations. The concentric hip reduction was confirmed on an anteroposterior view of the hip postoperatively. The patient was instructed to toe tip weight-bearing for 6 weeks with limited range of motion to 60° of hip flexion. Eight weeks after surgery, he was free of pain and discomforts. From our experience, the arthroscopic intervention after pediatric hip dislocation associated with intra-articular bony fragments or posterior labral complex injuries, represents to be a preferred minimally invasive method in contrast to open surgical procedures.
A Computer Assisted Method to Obtain the Prothrombin Activation Velocity in Whole Plasma Independent of Thrombin Decay Processes
Authors: Hemker H C , Willems G M , Béguin S 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA method is described that, on the basis of the time course of amidolytic activity after the triggering of thrombin generation in normal plasma, allows the calculation of the velocity of prothrombin conversion independent of thrombin inactivating processes.It is shown how the reaction constants for the α2M-dependent and the α2M-independent thrombin inactivation processes can be obtained in a sample of whole plasma.The method is verified by demonstrating that the experimentally observed time courses of residual prothrombin and of α2M-thrombin complex coincide with those calculated from the time course of amidolytic activity, and by showing that the course of prothrombin conversion in plasma without α2-macroglobulin or AT III is adequately described if the α2M or AT Ill-dependent breakdown constants are taken zero in the calculations.It appears that the inactivation of thrombin, endogenously generated in whole plasma, is about half as fast as that of exogenous thrombin added to the plasma.A computer program is presented that carries out the relevant calculations.
Homozygous Variant of Antithrombin III : AT III Fontainebleau
Authors: Boyer C , Wolf M , Vedrenne J , Meyer D , Larrieu M J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA qualitative defect of antithrombin III (AT III) was demonstrated in four members of a large Tunisian family by the discrepancy between a normal amount of antigen and decreased or absent heparin cofactor activity. The propositus, a 3-year-old girl, died from massive intracardiac thrombosis despite oral anticoagulant therapy. Heparin cofactor activity measured in the presence of thrombin or F. Xa was undetectable in her plasma. Anti-F. Xa activity was also absent when using low molecular weight heparin or a synthetic pentasaccharide, representing the binding site to AT III. The lack of affinity of the propositus AT III for heparin was demonstrated by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis and chromatography on heparin-Sepha-rose. The parents, first cousins, and the sister of the propositus also demonstrated a qualitative abnormality of AT III, with levels of heparin cofactor activity close to 50% of the normal range. Our data support the view that the abnormal protein was present at the heterozygous state in the parents and sister and at the homozygous state in the propositus. None of the affected family members had thrombotic episodes, except for the propositus. The name of AT III Fontainebleau is proposed for this variant.
A Critical Investigation into the Existence of Circulating Platelet Aggregates
Authors: Saniabadi A R , Lowe G D O , Madhok R , Spowart K , Shaw B , Barbenel J C , Forbes C D 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBy a method of counting single platelets in diluted whole blood, platelet aggregates were quantified ex-vivo. Four groups: 20 thrombotic patients, 10 non-thrombotic patients, 10 healthy old controls and 10 healthy young controls were included in the study. Using a 19 gauge needle, with and without tubing, venous blood was taken into buffered EDTA, as a disaggregating agent and buffered EDTA-formalin, as the fixative. The amount of platelet aggregates quantified was affected by the quality of venepuncture or the rate of blood flow through the needle, but was unaffected by the presence of the tubing. There was no statistically significant difference between the four groups, in terms of the platelet aggregates quantified, but scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of irreversible aggregates, composed of platelet red and white blood cells, in the blood of a greater number of thrombotic patients than non-thrombotic or healthy controls. Platelet aggregates were also quantified in aliquots of platelet rich plasma, and were found to be significantly greater than the corresponding values in whole blood. The difference appeared to be due to increased viscosity of the plasma, induced by the fixative which reduces platelet mobility during centrifugation. It is concluded that the platelet aggregates which disaggregate in bufffered EDTA may represent an artifact of blood collection; the irreversible aggregates are suspected to represent the in vivo circulating aggregates.
In Vitro Incorporation and Metabolism of Icosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Human Platelets - Effect on Aggregation
Authors: Croset Martine , Lagarde M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWashed human platelets were pre-loaded with icosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or EPA + DHA and tested for their aggregation response in comparison with control platelets. In fatty acid-rich platelets, an inhibition of the aggregation could be observed when induced by thrombin, collagen or U-46619. The strongest inhibition was observed with DHA-rich platelets and it was reduced when DHA was incorporated in the presence of EPA.Study of fatty acid distribution in cell lipids after loading showed that around 90% of EPA or DHA taken up was acylated into phospholipids and a very small amount (less than 2%) remained in their free and hydroxylated forms. DHA was more efficiently acylated into phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) than into phosphatidylinositol (PI) in contrast to what observed with EPA, and both acids were preferentially incorporated into phosphatidylcholine (PC). EPA inhibited total incorporation of DHA and increased its relative acylation into PE at the expense of PC. In contrast, DHA did not affect the acylation of EPA. Upon stimulation with, thrombin, EPA was liberated from phospholipids and oxygenated (as judged by the formation of its monohydroxy derivative) whereas DHA was much less metabolized, although consistently transferred into PE.It is concluded that EPA and DHA might affect platelet aggregation via different mechanisms when pre-loaded in phospholipids. Whereas EPA is known to alter thromboxane A2 metabolism from endogenous arachidonic acid, by competing with it, DHA might act directly at the membrane level for inhibiting aggregation.
Cellular Localisation in Placenta of Placental Type Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor
Authors: Åstedt B , Hägerstrand I , Lecander I 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA specific plasminogen activator inhibitor is known to occur in placenta and in pregnancy plasma. Immunohistochemical methods with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against the inhibitor were used for its localisation in term placentas. Immunoreactive material was found in the trophoblastic epithelium. It was absent in the stroma of the chorion villi.
In Vitro Comparison of Fibrinolytic Activity of Plasminogen Activators Using a Thrombelastographic Method: In Vivo Evaluation of the B-Chain-Streptokinase Complex in the Dog Model Using Pre-Titered Doses
Authors: Summaria L , Sandesara J , Yang G , Vagher J P , Caprini J A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThrombelastography was used to quantitatively compare the clot-lysing efficiency of 6 different plasminogen activators, using human whole blood, pooled normal plasma, and platelet rich plasma. The activators compared were the B-chain-streptokinase complex, the plasmin-streptokinase complex, the mini-plasmino-gen-streptokinase complex, tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, and urokinase. The most efficient activator found was the B-chain-streptokinase complex. This complex was 4.0 times more effective than streptokinase, 3.0 times more effective than the plasmin-streptokinase complex, 1.3 times more effective than the mini-plasminogen-streptokinase complex, 2.3 times more effective than tissue plasminogen activator, and 16.0 times more effective than urokinase. Although there were differences in both the coagulation and fibrinolysis thrombelastographic patterns between plasma and whole blood, the comparative efficiencies of each activator were the same with either plasma or bloodThe B-chain-streptokinase complex was evaluated as a thrombolytic agent in clot-lysis experiments in the jugular vein in the dog model, using a thrombelastographic method to determine the minimum dose of activator necessary for clot-lysis. With 6 dogs infused locally with 0.25 mg (8000 I.U.) of the plasmin-streptokinase complex, the cumulative clot-lysis was 18.0 ± 3.0% with the first dose, 33.0 ± 2.1% with the second dose, and 55.2 ± 8.6% with the third dose. With 6 dogs infused locally with 0.03 mg (2000 I.U.) of the B-chain-streptokinase complex, the cumulative clot-lysis was 30.6 ± 6.4% with the first dose, 54.4 ± 9.6% with the second dose, and 80.2 ± 9.0% with the third dose.
The Platelet Reactivity of Collagen Type I: Evidence for Multiple Platelet-Reactive Sites in the Type I Collagen Molecule
Authors: Fitzsimmons C M , Cawston T E , Barnes M J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn this study, the ability of peptides, obtained by fragmentation of the collagen type I molecule, to induce platelet aggregation has been examined. In order to satisfy requirements for tertiary and quaternary structure, peptides were first renatured (where necessary) to restore triple-helical configuration and then polymerised. Fragmentation with mammalian collagenase indicated the presence of platelet-reactive sites in both the N-terminal three-quarter and C-terminal one quarter fragment of the collagen molecule. Cleavage with cyanogen bromide indicated the presence in the constituent cq^-chain of at least four platelet-reactive sites. Our results suggest a relatively wide distribution of platelet-binding sites situated throughout the length of the collagen (type I) molecule, each probably of relatively low affinity and low structural specificity, at least in terms of amino acid sequence, and probably of a similar nature to those that might be expected to exist in any collagen-like species.
Erfassung der komplexen posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung mit dem revidierten Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI-2)
Authors: Krammer Sandy , grosse Holtforth Martin , Soyka Michael , Liebrenz Michael 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Theoretischer Hintergrund Diese Studie überprüfte die Anwendbarkeit des revidierten Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI-2) als Diagnoseverfahren für die komplexe posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (KPTBS) nach der Betaversion des ICD-11. Bislang wurde dafür kein Verfahren etabliert.
Methode Auf Basis des TSI-2 wurde ein diagnostischer Algorithmus entwickelt. Dieser wurde in einer Stichprobe von 100 psychiatrisch hospitalisierten Patientinnen und Patienten mit aversiven und/oder traumatischen Erfahrungen getestet. Es werden die Häufigkeit der KPTBS eingeschätzt, Geschlechts- und Altersunterschiede überprüft, sowie Gruppenunterschiede zwischen traumatisierten und nicht-traumatisierten Studienteilnehmern und solchen mit und ohne KPTBS berichtet.
Ergebnisse Nach dem hier angewandten TSI-2-Algorithmus für KTPSB lag die Häufigkeit bei 5%. Es wurden tendenzielle Geschlechtsunterschiede bezüglich der KPTBS-Symptomatik zum Nachteil der Frauen beobachtet und jüngere Patienten waren häufiger als ältere betroffen. Traumatisierte wiesen gegenüber nicht-traumatisierten Personen ein erhöhtes Ausmass an psychopathologischer Symptomatik auf.
Schlussfolgerung Diese Ergebnisse sind erste Hinweise dafür, dass es eventuell möglich ist einige Skalen des TSI-2 zu kombinieren und auf dieser Basis die wahrscheinliche Diagnose der KPTBS nach der Betaversion des ICD-11 zu stellen.
Leistungsorientierte, zeitlich unabhängige Rehabilitationsprogression, ein Vier-Phasenmodel
Authors: Riepenhof Helge , Glaesener Jean 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungNachbehandlungsschemata und Rehabilitationsprotokolle nach muskuloskelettalen Verletzungen unterliegen in der Literatur fast ausschließlich einem rein zeitorientierten Schema. Der Heilungsprozess ist allerdings von diversen Faktoren abhängig. Insbesondere konstitutionelle Eigenschaften, Vorerkrankungen, eine große Varianz der Trainierbarkeit und die Ausprägung der unfallabhängigen oder unfallunabhängigen Dekonditionierung von Patienten sind entscheidend. Das Paradigma der zeitlichen Steuerung der Rehabilitation ist daher eher nachteilig und eine zeitlich unabhängige, leistungsorientierte Rehabilitationsprogression erscheint sinnvoller. Die Autoren beschreiben ein 4-Phasenmodell postoperativer Behandlungen. Beginnend unmittelbar nach der Operation und endend mit dem Abschluss des Heilverfahrens soll so dargestellt werden, welche Leistungsfähigkeiten zu welchem Zeitpunkt erreicht sein müssen, um frei von Überlastungsschäden, Folgeverletzungen oder Rückfällen den Verlauf einer Rehabilitationsbehandlung zu gestalten.
Mechanics of spontaneously formed nanoblisters trapped by transferred 2D crystals
Authors: Sanchez Daniel A. , Dai Zhaohe , Wang Peng , Cantu-Chavez Arturo , Brennan Christopher J. , Huang Rui , Lu Nanshu 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Spontaneously formed nanoblisters are almost inevitable when transferring 2D crystals to a substrate. We hypothesize that those nanoblisters are filled with liquid according to our time-lapse atomic force microscopy scans and reasonable estimation of adhesion energy. We show that the liquid-filled nanoblisters form as a result of competition between the elastic energy of the deformed 2D crystal, the interfacial energy associated with van der Waals interactions, and surface tension of the liquid contents. Besides pointing to solutions for controlling their shape and internal pressure, our analysis provides a method to estimate the work of adhesion of 2D material interfaces by simply measuring the aspect ratios of the blisters, which is essential for the design and fabrication of 2D crystal-based applications.
The Tycho Brahe Corpus of Historical Portuguese
Authors: Galves Charlotte 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article introduces the Tycho Brahe Corpus (TBC), a parsed corpus of Historical Portuguese built on the model of the Penn-York Corpora of English. As an illustration of the usefulness of the TBC, the article presents research on the evolution of the position and interpretation of subjects in Portuguese from the 16th to the 19th century. Two main claims emerge, in response to questions that have largely remained unanswered until now, due to the paucity of available data. One is that the texts of the classical period instantiate verb-movement to Comp in matrix clauses, reflecting a V2 grammar. The other is that quantitative and qualitative changes appearing in the texts of the authors born from the beginning of the 18th century on indicate that, at this period, verb-movement to Comp was lost and the modern SVO grammar emerged.
On the acquisition of event culmination
Authors: van Hout Angeliek 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
There is quite a high rate of acceptance of telic-perfective predicates as descriptions of non-culminating events in children learning Germanic and Romance languages. What causes children, much more so than adults, to accept non-culminating interpretations of telic-perfective sentences? In this review, I discuss learners’ difficulties’ in each of three grammatical dimensions that contribute to event culmination: the notion of ‘result’ as encoded in the lexical semantics of verbs, telicity of verb phrases telicity, and perfectivity of tense-aspect morphology. I conclude that telicity and perfectivity do not cause the non-culmination acceptance patterns. Instead, the learnability challenge for event culmination lies in the acquisition of verb meanings. I sketch several new angles for further research, including the role of agentivity of the subject.