bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Comparison of a Small-Aperture Intraocular Lens Versus a Monofocal Control
Authors: Vukich John , Modi Satish , Fisher Bret L. , Stonecipher Karl , Lin Ling , Michna Magda 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
To evaluate range of visual acuity, visual quality, and safety of the IC-8 small-aperture (SA) intraocular lens (IOL) (Apthera; Bausch & Lomb, Inc) in patients with cataract.

Methods
This was a prospective, multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, non-randomized, examiner-masked, 12-month clinical study conducted at 21 sites in the United States. Included patients (N = 453) received either the SA IOL (targeted to −0.75 diopters) in one eye and a monofocal or monofocal toric IOL (targeted to plano) in the fellow eye (SA IOL group, n = 343) or bilateral monofocal/monofocal toric IOLs (control group, n = 110).

Results

At 6 months, the SA IOL group achieved superior binocular uncorrected intermediate and near visual acuity (
P
< .0001) and equivalent binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity versus the control group. In SA IOL eyes, 99.1% achieved monocular corrected distance visual acuity of 0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution or better. The SA IOL and control groups had comparable binocular photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivities at 6 months both with and without glare. The SA IOL group reported few visual symptoms overall, although at higher rates than in the control group.

Conclusions
The SA IOL group exhibited improved intermediate and near vision, comparable distance vision and binocular contrast sensitivities, and few visual symptoms or adverse events versus the bilateral monofocal/monofocal toric IOL group, suggesting that the SA IOL is an effective option for presbyopia correction at the time of cataract surgery.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(11):e824–e835.]
Changes in Corneal Higher Order Aberrations Following Cataract Surgery With Different Incision Sites: A Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Akbas Yusuf Berk , Gul Cengiz , Guler Muzaffer Said , Yildirim Yusuf 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
To compare the effect of superior and temporal clear corneal incisions, regardless of the steep axis, on postoperative changes in corneal higher order aberrations (HOAs) in patients with healthy corneas and mild preoperative corneal astigmatism.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, the right eyes of study participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups prior to cataract surgery: temporal incision (TI) and superior incision (SI). Preoperatively and 6 weeks after surgery, measurements were taken of corneal HOAs over a 6-mm optical zone.

Results

The study included 102 eyes (50 eyes in the TI group and 52 eyes in the SI group) that underwent routine phacoemulsification using a 2.4-mm clear corneal incision. Significant changes in vertical coma (
P
= .019), horizontal coma (
P
= .042), and vertical trefoil (
P
= .001) were observed in the SI group. In the subgroup analysis of the SI group, significant changes in vertical coma (
P
= .025) and vertical trefoil (
P
= .047) were observed in the eyes with preoperative with-the-rule corneal astigmatism, and significant changes in horizontal coma (
P
= .038) were observed in eyes with preoperative against-the-rule corneal astigmatism. The TI group showed no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative periods.

Conclusions
The SI induced vertical and horizontal coma in accordance with the preoperative axis of the steep meridian. These alterations in corneal HOAs may affect the quality of vision after surgery. TI may potentially provide an advantage over SI in terms of corneal HOAs.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(11):e792–e796.]
Ray-tracing–Guided or Q-Value–Adjusted FS-LASIK for Correction of Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism: A Comparative Contralateral Eye Study
Authors: Yuan Yifei , Zhang Ruiyu , Wang Zizhen , Wang Yuexin , Zhang Yu , Chen Yueguo 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
To compare the safety and efficacy of individualized ray-tracing–guided femtosecond laser–assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism.

Methods
This prospective, randomized, double-blind, contralateral eye study included 68 eyes of 34 patients with myopia or myopic astigmatism requiring FS-LASIK treatment. For each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to receive the ray-tracing–guided treatment, whereas the contralateral eye underwent Q-value–adjusted ablation. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), sphere, cylinder, effective optical zone (EOZ), and 6-mm corneal aberrations were measured and analyzed before operation and after a 3-month postoperative follow-up.

Results

At 3 months postoperatively, the UDVA of 20/16 or better was measured in 94% of eyes in the ray-tracing group and 85% of eyes in the Custom-Q group (
P
= .064). Forty-seven percent in the ray-tracing group and 32% in the Custom-Q group gained one or more Snellen lines of CDVA (
P
= .043). The MRSE, refractive astigmatism, surgically induced astigmatism, and difference vector were better in the Custom-Q group (
P
< .05). The postoperative corneal HOAs and optical path difference were significantly better in the ray-tracing group (
P
= .008). The EOZs of the ray-tracing and Custom-Q groups were 5.77 and 5.43 mm (
P
< .001), and the average ablation depths of the ray-tracing and Custom-Q groups were 100.97 and 85.24 µm (
P
< .001), respectively.

Conclusions
Despite the overcorrection and excessive ablation of corneal tissue, ray-tracing–guided FS-LASIK in clinical practice was found to be safe and effective for myopic correction both with and without astigmatism, particularly in achieving UDVA and inducing fewer corneal HOAs and less OPD.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(11):e804–e813.]
Reasons for Re-treatment Following Monovision Laser Refractive Surgery
Authors: Safir Margarita , Kastin Roni , Kaiserman Igor , Sela Tzahi , Munzer Gur , Mimouni Michael 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
To assess the incidence and causes for re-treatment following monovision laser refractive surgery in a large data study spanning a decade.

Methods
The setting for this retrospective comparative study was Care Vision Laser Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. This study included patients aged 36 to 60 years who underwent monovision laser vision correction at the Care Vision Laser Centers, Israel, from January 2012 to December 2022. Demographic, preoperative, and postoperative data were retrieved for analysis.

Results

Overall, 3,674 eyes of 1,847 patients were included. Re-treatment was performed in 1.28% (n = 47) of eyes, 0.84% (n = 31) distance-targeted and 0.44% (n = 16) near-targeted. Monovision reversal in near-targeted eyes occurred due to overcorrection (37.5%, n = 6 of 16), despite being on target (25%, n = 4 of 16), insufficient myopia (18.8%, n = 3 of 16), and de novo astigmatism (12.5%, n = 2 of 16). One eye was targeted for near vision due to de novo astigmatism. Re-treatment in distance-targeted eyes was due to myopic undercorrection (45.2%, n = 14 of 31), myopic regression (19.4%, n = 6 of 31), myopic overcorrection (12.9%, n = 4 of 31), hyperopic regression (6.5%, n = 2 of 31), astigmatism undercorrection (6.5%, n = 2 of 31), de novo astigmatism (6.5%, n = 2 of 31), and astigmatism regression (3.2%, n = 1 of 31). Re-treatment was more likely in distance targeted eyes of patients with monovision compared to near-targeted eyes (
P
= .025) and patients without monovision (
P
< .001).

Conclusions
In monovision laser vision correction, retreatment in the near-targeted eye is rare when the ideal near target (−1.50 to −1.25 diopters) is achieved. However, the distance-targeted eye is more likely to require re-treatment. Surgeons can plan monovision surgery and advise patients accordingly.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(11):e892–e897.]
“None of us wanted that”: Gerald Boland’s Irish Civil War, 1922-1924
Authors: Kelly Stephen 
Published: November 2024

Gerald Boland, a militant revolutionary, politician and statesman, has until now ranked amongst the relatively neglected figures of the Irish Revolution, including the Irish Civil War (1922-1923) and the nascent years of the Irish Free State. This article addresses this anomaly. Based on a chronological framework covering the outbreak of the Irish Civil War in June 1922 to Boland’s release from prison in the summer of 1924, it provides a unique insight into his hitherto overlooked Civil War experiences. It argues that despite his participation in key events Boland detested the Civil War. Boland’s Civil War experiences confirmed his preference for pragmatism over idealism from a military standpoint, and at the same time revealed a nascent politician (albeit vastly inexperienced) driven by a sense of realism. As such, the essential elements of Boland’s republicanism comprised pragmatic realism rather than doctrinaire idealism.
Margaret Buckley’s The Jangle of the Keys, A Call to Continued Action
Authors: Dubois Claire 
Published: November 2024

Margaret Buckley (1879-1962) was a key figure in the struggle for Ireland’s independence, trade unionism and the rights of women. After she rejected the Treaty and became an active member of the Women’s Prisoners’ Defence League, she was arrested in January 1923 and interned until October 1923. Her prison experiences provided the material for The Jangle of the Keys (1938) – a testimony on the trauma of imprisonment for republican women as the Free State and the Church were waging a war against them. It recounts the physical and psychological brutality the women faced and the way they constructed their own society inside the prisons to try and maintain their agency, while challenging the authority of the prison administration and the power of the Free State. Buckley offers a subversive narrative of the Civil War, and goes against the official silence against women, enabling a passage from invisibility to a form of visibility and conforming to Jacques Rancière’s theory of the “dissensus”.
AMBIDESTRIA ORGANIZACIONAL EM MPES: ANÁLISE DOS ANTECEDENTES PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO E COMPORTAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO
Authors: Mendes Boavista de Castro Mauricio , Cunha Callado Aldo Leonardo , Hipólito Bernardes do Nascimento João Carlos , Rabêlo Neto Alexandre 
Published: November 2024

Investigou-se o efeito do Planejamento Estratégico e do Comportamento Estratégico dos gestores na Ambidestria Organizacional de MPEs piauienses. Esse estudo é descritivo e quantitativo. Utilizou-se uma Survey, aplicada a 419 dirigentes da alta gestão das empresas cadastradas no Programa ALI, desenvolvido pelo SEBRAE/PI, utilizando-se da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais pelos mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-SEM). Notou-se que o Planejamento Estratégico exerceu um efeito positivo sobre a Ambidestria Organizacional e sobre o Comportamento Estratégico das MPEs analisadas e, em um menor nível, constatou-se que o Comportamento Estratégico também exerceu efeito positivo sobre a Ambidestria Organizacional. A proposição de um framework para analisar a Ambidestria Organizacional de MPEs pode ser considerada uma contribuição metodológica e teórica da pesquisa, objetivando a validação de paradigmas teóricos, no intuito de contribuir e ampliar estudos para as teorias existentes sobre Ambidestria Organizacional.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents living with HIV in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Gantsho Vuyiswa , Talatala Mvuyiso , Mdaka Nokuthula 
Published: November 2024

Background: Adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) are more vulnerable to developing depressive symptoms. Despite this knowledge, the screening for depression is not routinely integrated into HIV treatment programmes.Aim: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among ALWHIV.Setting: The study was carried out in the primary healthcare clinics and an antiretroviral clinic situated in a district hospital, West Rand District, Johannesburg.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 125 ALWHIV. The modified Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ-A) was used to screen for depressive symptoms with a score of ≥ 5 deemed significant. A distress protocol was used for immediate psychological intervention.Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 44.8% and the majority of ALWHIV reported mild-moderate symptoms (36.8%). Overall, 25.6% of adolescents had suicidal behaviours. Those with psychosocial difficulties and those who reported a previous suicide attempt were 3.6 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.17–11.03) and 6.9 (aOR 6.93, 95% CI:1.39–34.55) times likely to develop depressive symptoms, respectively.Conclusion: A high prevalence of depressive symptoms was found in ALWHIV. Psychosocial difficulties and previous suicide attempts were predictive factors for depressive symptoms. This highlights the unmet need for the integration of mental health screening and overall mental health services into adolescent HIV programmes.Contribution: This study emphasises an urgent need for routine mental health screening and prompt psychosocial support in ALWHIV.
A Qualitative Method To Assess a History of Cerebral Malaria in Malian Children
Authors: Traore Karim , Thera Ali , Coulibaly Drissa , Koné Abdoulaye K. , Guindo Boureima , Tangara Bourama , Diawara Aichatou A. , Travassos Mark A. , Thera Mahamadou A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT.
The investigation of factors associated with susceptibility to severe malaria is best achieved using case-control studies. The presence of a history of severe malaria in controls could affect the quality of their phenotype and study findings and hence should be rigorously determined. Here, we assessed the performance of a qualitative questionnaire to identify a history of cerebral malaria in controls in a case-control study of severe malaria in Mali. We evaluated the archived medical records of 220 children diagnosed with severe diseases at health care centers in rural and urban settings in Mali from 2018 to 2019. Parents of enrolled children were then identified and interviewed using a structured questionnaire by an investigator blinded to the diagnosis. The diagnosis derived from the interview was then compared with the diagnosis from the medical records as the reference diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire to detect cerebral malaria in history were, respectively, 84% and 76%. The questionnaire was concordant with the medical record diagnosis in 60% (95% CI: 50–71%) of cases. For other clinical phenotypes of malaria (severe malaria anemia, uncomplicated malaria, and severe malaria anemia concurrent with cerebral malaria), sensitivity and specificity ranged from 42% to 85% and 88% to 96%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were, respectively, 75% and 85%. The questionnaire demonstrated suitable sensitivity and specificity to identify cerebral malaria in a participant’s history. In sub-Saharan Africa, a region with suboptimal medical record archives, such a tool could be used in case-control studies of severe malaria to select controls.
Minor Hosts Have a Major Impact on the Enzootic Transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Goethert Heidi , O’Callahan Alanna , Johnson Richard , Roden-Reynolds Patrick , Telford Sam 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT.
In the northeast United States, subadult deer ticks feeding on white-footed mice are thought to drive the force of transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi), the agent of Lyme disease. However, control measures targeting mice have produced inconsistent results, suggesting that other animals are significant contributors to enzootic transmission. Such contributions have previously been difficult to quantify. We used a retrotransposon-based host blood meal assay to measure the relative contribution of hosts to enzootic B. burgdorferi transmission at two insular sites in Massachusetts. Over 6 years, we identified mice and deer as the most common larval hosts at our Nantucket Island site. Infected nymphal ticks were derived mainly from mice (35%) and shrews (31%), despite shrews having fed only 12% of larvae. Deer were identified in 19% of the infected nymphs, despite their known reservoir incompetence. Shrews were consistently the most important host in our Martha’s Vineyard site and were identified as the source of 41% of nymphs overall and 39% of the infected nymphs. Sciurids were variable contributors, feeding from 4% to 42% of the larval ticks each year, and contributed no infected nymphs in 2020 and as many as 83% in 2023. We conclude that host contributions to feeding larval ticks change over time and within sites and that shrews may be more influential than mice at some sites. Shrews, sciurids, and even deer may contribute to B. burgdorferi maintenance. Hosts that apparently feed a minor proportion of ticks can have a major impact on the force of B. burgdorferi transmission.
Linear Formulas for Estimating the Reliability of Generalized Inverse Weibull Distributi
Authors: Zainab S. Noori  , Makki A. Mohammed Salih  
Published: November 2024

Estimation methods that depend on linear formulas to estimate the reliability of the three parameters generalized inverse Weibull distribution (GIW) were used in this research, including each of Least Square method (LS), Weight Least Square method (WLS), White method (W), Modified White method (MW) and Linear Regression method (REG). The parameters and reliability of the distribution were estimated in four experiments using simulation to generating the required samples and the results were compared using the mean square error criterion. The results showed:
In general the Modified White estimators are better than estimators of other methods.
Some Bayes estimators for Exponentiated Rayleigh Distribution under Doubly Type II Censored Data
Authors: Muslim A. Qasim  , Awatif R. Al-Dubaicy  
Published: November 2024

Bayesian analysis for the shape parameter of Exponentiated Rayleigh distribution or (Burr type x) has been considered in this paper, under two priors distributions [Inverted Levy and Quasi] using doubly type II censored data, with two loss functions [Weighted and Precautionary], we conducted a simulation study that evaluate the effectiveness of four estimators by six presumption experiments for varied values of distribution parameters and three sample sizes using mean squared error [MSE]. In general the best estimator of the shape parameter of the (ERD) using Doubly type II censored data is under Inverted Levy prior under Precautionary loss function in all sample sizes
L_P Approximation by Fixed Weighted Neural Network
Authors: S. S. Mahdi  , E. S. Bhaya  
Published: November 2024

Neural networks are tools for parallel computations of functions with several variables, it is a linear computation of non-linear functions that we are call activation functions. In our paper we deal with one hidden layer feed forward neural network.
We have two problems with neural networks approximation, the first is the density problem concerns. With the condition for the approximated function to approximate by the neural networks. In previous works on approximation using neural networks, the weights are different for each input. This makes engineering applications very difficult.
In this work we approximate any bounded function on for by a forward neural network and find the degree of the best approximation by this neural network using the k’ th order of smoothness. Then we connect neurons number and the degree of the best approximation.
Noise effects relating to saturated region in semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: A.H. Mohammed  and  M. M. Abid  
Published: November 2024

Almost one is capable to change injected current into easily, so, our simulation focuses on the effect of injected current on saturation power achieved with various fast dynamics included , , and . The effects at saturation power and its compression close saturation region are studied in the research. The association of input power or output power at which the noise start to be less has applications concerned traffic data in the data center.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY
Authors: Atiqullah Sarwari  , Abdieva Guljamal  , Mohammad Hassan Hassand  
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses the complex nature of climate change-food security linkages, focusing on how a planet under warming affects food governance at global levels. With changing rainfall patterns, high temperature levels and increases in frequency of severe weather events conventional agricultural practices are endangered by the disruptions in crop yields water availability. Disadvantage areas, usually subsistence farmers, have been hit by more food insufficiency risks. The paper highlights the need for adaptive strategies and resilient agricultural methods to combat the effects of climate change on food productivity. Agriculture emerges as a vital solution, focusing on precision farming, agro ecology and technological innovations which use resources efficiently without affecting the environment. These strategies will require global coordination since climate change does not have borders and affects people all over the world. In addition, the article discusses social and economic aspects of food insecurity linked to climate change that significantly affect deprived groups. It promotes policies that consider the weak points of smallholder farmers and strengthen local communities. Educational initiatives and campaigns create a sense of collective awareness about the challenges that are being faced. The article ends by pointing out the need for immediate and coordinated worldwide efforts to strengthen resilience, ensure food sustainability, and secure future food security with a changing climate. Keywords: Climate Change, Food Security, Technological Innovation, Education, Awareness.
Factors Associated with Knowledge and Attitudes on Sexual Reproductive Health among Secondary Schools Students in Muhanga District, Rwanda
Authors: Didiane Ingabire , NISHIMWE Clemence 
Published: November 2024

This study sought to assess the socio-demographic variables linked with secondary school students' awareness of sexual wellness, to describe the knowledge and attitudes level regarding sexual reproductive health among secondary schools’ students, to assess factors associated with knowledge and attitudes on sexual reproductive health among secondary schools students in Muhanga District. The study was a descriptive in nature whereby the characteristics of various variables were analyzed, described and some relationships were established. Thus, it applied quantitative data. The study emphasized on secondary school students from level four to level six in Muhanga District. Therefore, the study excluded a small portion of the students that belong to the targeted population that will be out of the class attendance during the period of data collection of the researcher. From the total population of 2270, the researcher selected a sample of 96 students that participated in the study as the respondents and the questionnaire were applied to extract relevant information. The study revealed that the respondents have adequate knowledge and attitudes relevant to sexual reproductive health as proved by the following fact files retrieved from the results of the study. Most of the respondents that are 85.4% covering the average of 4.24 know well that Pregnancy can when there is union of ovum and sperm issued from sexual intercourse. The students have knowledge and attitudes that condoms can prevent pregnancy as they agreed the statement at 90.2% reflecting the mean of 4.01. The students have adequate that relevant knowledge as they admitted the statement at 97.3%. The most influencer factor of sexual reproductive knowledge and attitudes of secondary school students are health promotion in schools at 93.55%, availability of reproductive health services contributes to sexual reproductive health of secondary school students at 74.8%. Thus, the researcher found out that knowledge and attitudes on sexual reproductive health is influenced by education, place of residence, health promotion in schools and availability of reproductive health services at moderate level.