bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychoonkologische Versorgung von Melanompatienten in zertifizierten Hautkrebszentren
Authors: Meiss Frank , Loquai Carmen , Weis Joachim , Giesler Jürgen M. , Reuter Katrin , Nashan Dorothée 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Einrichtung und Zertifizierung von Hautkrebszentren (HKZ) entsprechend den Vorgaben der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft stellt einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur qualitätsgesicherten Behandlung von Hautkrebserkrankungen dar. Die Bereitstellung eines qualifizierten psychoonkologischen Betreuungsangebotes ist durch die Zertifizierungskriterien vorgegeben. Es war davon auszugehen, dass die standortspezifische Umsetzung des psychoonkologischen Betreuungsangebotes mit unterschiedlichen Modellen verwirklicht wurde.MethodikIm Jahr 2014 wurden in einer Querschnittserhebung alle zu diesem Zeitpunkt zertifizierten HKZ (n = 43) schriftlich zu Merkmalen der Struktur‐ und Prozessqualität der psychoonkologischen Versorgung befragt.Ergebnisse81,4 % der HKZ (n = 35) haben an der Befragung teilgenommen. 37 % der HKZ organisieren die psychoonkologische Versorgung durch direkt am Zentrum angestellte psychoonkologische Fachkräfte. Nahezu alle Standorte halten Informationen/Beratung, Krisenintervention, Einzelgespräche und Sterbebegleitung als Unterstützungsangebote vor. In HKZ werden zur Ermittlung des psychoonkologischen Betreuungsbedarfs standardisierte Screeninginstrumente eingesetzt. Der Schwerpunkt der psychoonkologischen Versorgung liegt bei 83 % der Standorte im stationären Bereich. Der Anteil psychoonkologisch betreuter Melanompatienten betrug im Mittel 25,2 %. 97 % der HKZ gaben an, dass die Zertifizierungsvorgaben die psychoonkologische Versorgung verbessert hat. 71 % der HKZ waren mit der Umsetzung der Anforderungen zufrieden.SchlussfolgerungenIm Zuge der Zertifizierung von HKZ sind personelle, strukturelle und inhaltliche Voraussetzungen für eine psychoonkologische Versorgung von Hautkrebspatienten geschaffen worden. Eine mehrheitlich positive Beurteilung des erreichten Standes konnte ermittelt werden.
Chronische Urtikaria – Was bringt die neue Leitlinie?
Authors: Maurer Marcus , Zuberbier Torsten , Siebenhaar Frank , Krause Karoline 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit chronischer Urtikaria sind durch ihre Erkrankung erheblich beeinträchtigt und bedürfen einer wirksamen Therapie. Dies wird durch ein gründliches diagnostisches Vorgehen vorbereitet und erfolgt nach und unter der Bestimmung der Krankheitsaktivität, ‐last und ‐kontrolle mit etablierten Instrumenten. Die Therapie wird im Verlauf den Bedürfnissen des Patienten und dem Ansprechen angepasst – so viel wie nötig, so wenig wie möglich – in dieser Reihenfolge. Bei erreichter Therapiekontrolle empfehlen sich Auslassversuche, um eine Spontanremission zu erkennen. Eine chronische Urtikaria sollte so lange behandelt werden bis Spontanremission auftritt.
Neurobehavioral evaluation of neonates with congenital heart disease: a cohort study
Authors: Hogan Whitnee J , Winter Sarah , Pinto Nelangi M , Weng Cindy , Sheng Xiaoming , Conradt Elisabeth , Wood Janine , Puchalski Michael D , Tani Lloyd Y , Miller Thomas A 
Published: May 2018

AimTo describe neurobehavioral patterns in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodA cohort study describing neurobehavioral performance of neonates with CHD requiring cardiac surgery. The neonates were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) and scores were compared with published normative values. Clinical factors were obtained by chart review to assess their association with behavior. The CHD NNNS score pattern was compared with previously reported profiles in other high‐risk populations.ResultsNNNS evaluations were completed on 67 neonates with CHD, resulting in 97 evaluations (50 preoperative, 47 postoperative). Compared with normative values, the cohort with CHD demonstrated decreased attention, regulation, asymmetry, stress, arousal, and excitability, along with increased non‐optimal reflexes, lethargy, and need for handling (p<0.05 for all). Additional clinical factors had a minimal effect on the neurobehavioral pattern. Compared with previously published patterns in high‐risk neonates without CHD, the cohort with CHD demonstrated a unique pattern of behavior.InterpretationNeonates with CHD demonstrate different neurobehavioral performance compared with typically developing neonates born at term as well as other high‐risk neonates. Our experience suggests there is a unique neonatal neurobehavioral pattern in the hospitalized population with CHD. Targeted neonatal neurobehavioral evaluations may be useful in developing specific therapies to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates with CHD.What this paper adds

Neonates with congenital heart disease demonstrate different neurobehavioral performance than typically developing neonates.

Evaluation of neonatal neurobehavioral performance provides an opportunity to identify neurodevelopmental variability early.

Identification of neurobehavioral performance variability allows targeted interactions and therapy.
Exposure‐response analysis for evaluation of semaglutide dose levels in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Petri Kristin C. C. , Ingwersen Steen H. , Flint Anne , Zacho Jeppe , Overgaard Rune V. 
Published: May 2018

AimsTo evaluate dose levels for semaglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogue approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, by examining the effects of demographic factors on efficacy and safety in an exposure‐response analysis.MethodsWe analysed data from 1552 adults from four randomized phase III trials of 30 to 56 weeks' duration, investigating once‐weekly semaglutide doses 0.5 and 1.0 mg. Exposure‐response relationships were investigated using graphical and model‐based techniques to assess the two dose levels and subgroups with the highest and lowest exposure and response.ResultsThe population had the following demographic characteristics: baseline mean age between 53.2 and 58.4 years, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between 64 and 67 mmol/mol (8.0% and 8.3%), body weight between 71.3 and 96.2 kg, and diabetes duration between 4.2 and 8.9 years. Exposure‐response analysis showed a clear HbA1c and weight reduction across exposures after 30 weeks, irrespective of baseline values. The exposure‐response for HbA1c was influenced by baseline HbA1c, and body weight exposure‐response was influenced by sex, with limited impact of other factors. Analyses for relevant subgroups of baseline body weight, baseline HbA1c and sex indicated clinically relevant additional benefits with regard to HbA1c and weight with 1.0 vs 0.5 mg semaglutide. The proportion of participants reporting gastrointestinal (GI) side effects increased with increasing exposure, but was counteracted by tolerance development.ConclusionsThe analysis showed that all subgroups obtained a clinically relevant benefit with semaglutide 0.5 mg and an additional benefit with semaglutide 1.0 mg. The increase in GI side effects with higher exposure was mitigated by gradually increasing the dose.
Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus glucokinase regulates insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis
Authors: Ma Yue , Ratnasabapathy Risheka , Izzi‐Engbeaya Chioma , Nguyen‐Tu Marie‐Sophie , Richardson Errol , Hussain Sufyan , De Backer Ivan , Holton Christopher , Norton Mariana , Carrat Gaelle , Schwappach Blanche , Rutter Guy A. , Dhillo Waljit S. , Gardiner James 
Published: May 2018

AimsTo investigate the role of arcuate glucokinase (GK) in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.Materials and methodsA recombinant adeno‐associated virus expressing either GK or an antisense GK construct was used to alter GK activity specifically in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (arc). GK activity in this nucleus was also increased by stereotactic injection of the GK activator, compound A. The effect of altered arc GK activity on glucose homeostasis was subsequently investigated using glucose and insulin tolerance tests.Results.Increased GK activity specifically within the arc increased insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance in rats during oral glucose tolerance tests. Decreased GK activity in this nucleus reduced insulin secretion and increased glucose levels during the same tests. Insulin sensitivity was not affected in either case. The effect of arc GK was maintained in a model of type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate a role for arc GK in systemic glucose homeostasis.
Left and right ventricular morphology and function in athletes with elevated pulmonary systolic arterial pressure
Authors: Mirea Oana , Corîci Oana M. , Istrătoaie Octavian , Donoiu Ionuț , Iancău Maria , Militaru Constantin 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and potential impact of elevated pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) on left and right cardiac morphology and function in young elite athletes.MethodsIn total, 85 professional athletes (40 endurance, 20 strength, and 25 mixed training, mean age 17.8 ± 4.0) and 50 sedentary controls (mean age 18.6 ± 3.3) underwent transthoracic echocardiographic examination. Two‐dimensional measurements of the right (RV) and left ventricle (LV) were obtained. PASP was estimated from the peak tricuspid regurgitant velocity (TRV). Speckle tracking‐derived longitudinal LV and RV strain measurements (RV_LS) were calculated for function estimation.ResultsMaximum TRV (2.2 ± 0.3 vs 2.0 ± 0.2 m/s, P < .01) and PASP (26 ± 5 vs 22 ± 5 mm Hg, P < .01) were higher in athletes compared to controls. PAPS above 30 mm Hg (35 ± 3 mm Hg, range 31–40 mm Hg) was identified in 11 athletes (12.9%). Athletes with elevated PASP demonstrated higher LV mass (P < .01), LV stroke volume indexed (P < .01), larger RV‐end‐systolic area (ESAi), RV‐end‐diastolic area (EDAi), right atrium ES volume and ED volume, and decreased RV fractional area change (FAC) (P < .01) when compared to matched controls and higher RV‐EDAi (13.0 ± 1.6 vs 11.1 ± 1.5, P < .01), RV‐ESAi (8.2 ± 1.5 vs 6.1 ± 0.9, P < .01), and significantly reduced RV FAC (38.1 ± 5.8 vs 44.6 ± 2.5, P < .01) when compared to matched athletes. LV global longitudinal strain and RV_LS showed no differences between the groups.ConclusionsPulmonary arterial systolic pressure elevation in young athletes is associated with pronounced right ventricular enlargement, even when compared to matched athletes. Conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography showed preserved right ventricular function.
Right ventricular dyssynchrony and its improvements after pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kanar Batur , Ozben Beste , Yıldırım Elif , Ozmen İpek , Aydin Rüya 
Published: May 2018

PurposeWhether pathologic alterations of right ventricle (RV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect intra‐ and interventricular dyssynchrony due to changes in mechanical activation of the septum and RV is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine mechanical activation and its changes after pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) with speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in COPD patients.MethodsAfter the exclusion of 15 patients due to poor echogenicity and 5 patients not tolerating PRP out of 69 consecutive COPD patients undergoing PRP, the remaining 49 patients and 41 healthy subjects were enrolled. The mechanical activations of both ventricles were evaluated at admission and after PRP with STE.ResultsChronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients had intra‐ and interventricular dyssynchrony compared to controls. The interventricular dyssynchrony assessed by time to peak longitudinal systolic strain (PLSS) difference between RV free wall and left ventricle (LV) lateral wall and intraventricular dyssynchrony assessed by RV peak systolic strain dyssynchrony (PSSD) index were improved after PRP. In all, 18 patients were hospitalized due to symptoms of right heart failure within 1 year. The time to PLSS difference between RV free wall and LV lateral wall and RV PSSD index were independent predictors of hospitalization. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed that a time to PLSS difference between RV free wall and LV lateral wall >15 ms predicted hospitalization within 1 year with 77.8% sensitivity and 64.5% specificity.ConclusionsChronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with intra‐ and interventricular dyssynchrony. PRP had an important impact on the improvement of both intra‐, and interventricular dyssynchrony, which might be used in predicting hospitalization within 1 year.
Plant response to feeding aphids promotes aphid dispersal
Authors: Coppola Mariangela , Manco Elena , Vitiello Alessia , Di Lelio Ilaria , Giorgini Massimo , Rao Rosa , Pennacchio Francesco , Digilio Maria Cristina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPlant responses against biotic stress agents are affected by a number of environmental conditions, including the presence of other pests and pathogens. Moreover, the impact of infestation on subsequent plant colonization by conspecifics can vary, reflecting the high diversity in the co‐evolutionary processes shaping host‐plant interactions. Here, we address this issue by studying how aphid–plant interplay can influence the subsequent colonization of zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo L., Cucurbitaceae) by conspecific Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Aphidini). Previous infestation does not impact development time, longevity, and fertility of aphids. However, a previous infestation affects the distribution of the newly produced nymphs on the plant – they actively disperse on the plant, rather than starting their feeding activity where they were originally deposited, as observed in controls. Interestingly, this altered dispersal behaviour is reproduced by saliva application, suggesting the occurrence of an elicitor triggering a plant response affecting the strategy of host‐plant colonization by A. gossypii. The hypothesis that salicylic acid (SA) induction can trigger the observed behavioural response in a secondary infestation, was confirmed by exposure to methyl salicylate, a volatile product of the SA pathway. This evidence was further corroborated by analysis of gene expression profiles. Aphid infestation showed a transcriptional up‐regulation of genes underlying the biosynthesis of SA and of genes modulating the SA‐mediated defence response. Collectively, the experimental data consistently indicate regulation of aphid behaviour, mediated by plant metabolic changes following aphid infestation.
Getting ready for battle: do cabbage seeds treated with jasmonic acid and chitosan affect chewing and sap‐feeding insects?
Authors: Haas Jucelaine , Lozano Everton Ricardi , Haida Kimiyo Shimomura , Mazaro Sérgio Miguel , de Souza Vismara Edgar , Poppy Guy M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInduced defence allows plants to manage energy reserves more efficiently by synthesizing defence compounds only when needed. A risk of induced defence is that when plants are challenged by herbivores, they may suffer considerable damage before the defence is mounted. Priming can cause a state of readiness for the induction of the defence response, leading to a reduction in the damage received in an energy‐efficient and less costly manner. Our objective was to verify whether seed coating with jasmonic acid (JA) and chitosan (CH) could prime plants against chewing and sap‐feeding herbivores by affecting their herbivory of treated plants. We used Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata cv. Derby Day (Brassicaceae) seeds treated with JA and CH, second‐instar Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and newborn nymphs of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We evaluated life‐history, performance, and fecundity traits of the insects. Neither JA nor CH affected B. oleracea leaf area. Both JA and CH affected P. xylostella. JA reduced the mean relative growth rate of P. xylostella and led to 84% pre‐imaginal mortality, whereas CH reduced oviposition. JA reduced significantly the intrinsic rate of increase in M. persicae, whereas CH did not differ from the control. Therefore, JA and CH seed coating lead to long‐term defence priming in B. oleracea against chewing and sap‐feeding insects.
Effects of short‐term exposure to naturally occurring thymol concentrations on transmission of a bumble bee parasite
Authors: Rothchild Kristina W. , Adler Lynn S. , Irwin Rebecca E. , Sadd Ben M. , Stevenson Philip C. , Palmer‐Young Evan C. 
Published: May 2018

1. Plants produce antimicrobial phytochemicals that can reduce growth and infectivity of parasites in animals. Pollinator parasites are transmitted between hosts that forage on shared flowers. Floral transmission directly exposes parasites to phytochemicals on floral surfaces and in nectar, both at flowers and, post‐ingestion, in the crop. This exposure could directly affect parasite transmission to new hosts.2. Nectar chemical analyses were combined with field and cell culture experiments to test the effects of the floral phytochemical thymol on the transmission potential of the trypanosomatid gut parasiteCrithidiainBombus impatiens. First, thymol concentrations inThymus vulgarisnectar were measured. Second, the effect of adding thymol to floral nectaries on parasite transmission to foraging bees was tested. Third, cell cultures were used to determine direct, dose‐dependent effects of short‐term thymol exposure on subsequentin vitroparasite growth.3. A total of 26.1 ppm thymol was found inT. vulgarisnectar, five‐fold higher than previously documented in this species. However, addition of thymol to flowers of parasite‐inoculated inflorescences of four plant species did not affect acquisition ofCrithidiainfection during a foraging bout. Cell culture experiments showed that the thymol concentrations needed to reduce subsequentCrithidiagrowth by 50% (120 ppm) were 4.6‐fold higher than the highest detected nectar concentration.4. Although thymol exposure can influenceCrithidiaviability,Crithidiaare robust to the duration and magnitude of exposure encountered during floral foraging under natural conditions. These experiments suggest that any effects of thymol alone onCrithidia–host infection dynamics probably reflect indirect, possibly host‐mediated, effects of chronic thymol ingestion.
Attenuated psychotic symptom interventions in youth at risk of psychosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Devoe Daniel J. , Farris Megan S. , Townes Parker , Addington Jean 
Published: May 2018

AimAttenuated psychotic symptoms (APSs) have been the primary emphasis in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis for assessing symptomology and determining subsequent transition to a psychotic disorder. Previous reviews primarily focused on the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on APS; however, a comprehensive assessment of other interventions to date is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all intervention studies examining APS in CHR youth.MethodThe authors searched Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline and EBM from inception to May 2017. Studies were selected if they included any intervention that reported follow‐up APS in youth at CHR. Interventions were evaluated and stratified by time using both pairwise and network meta‐analyses (NMAs). Due to the differences in APS scales, effect sizes were calculated as Hedges g and reported as the standardized mean difference (SMD).ResultsForty‐one studies met our inclusion criteria. In pairwise meta‐analyses, CBT was associated with a trend towards reduction in APS compared to controls at 12‐months. In the NMA, integrated psychological therapy, CBT, supportive therapy, family therapy, needs‐based interventions, omega‐3, risperidone plus CBT and olanzapine were not significantly more effective at reducing APS at 6 and 12 months relative to any other intervention.ConclusionsCBT demonstrated a slight trend at reducing APS at long‐term follow‐up compared to controls. No interventions were significantly more effective at reducing APS compared to all other interventions in the NMA.[Correction added on 4 June 2018, after first online publication: Some parts of the Abstract section particularly ‘Results’ and ‘Conclusions’ have been corrected.]
Ictal and interictal electric source imaging in pre‐surgical evaluation: a prospective study
Authors: Sharma P. , Scherg M. , Pinborg L. H. , Fabricius M. , Rubboli G. , Pedersen B. , Leffers A.‐M. , Uldall P. , Jespersen B. , Brennum J. , Henriksen O. M. , Beniczky S. 
Published: May 2018

Background and purposeAccurate localization of the epileptic focus is essential for surgical treatment of patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy. Electric source imaging (ESI) is increasingly used in pre‐surgical evaluation. However, most previous studies have analysed interictal (II) discharges. Prospective studies comparing the feasibility and accuracy of II and ictal (IC) ESI are lacking.MethodsWe prospectively analysed long‐term video‐electroencephalography recordings (LTM) of patients admitted for pre‐surgical evaluation. We performed ESI of II and IC signals using two methods, i.e. equivalent current dipole (ECD) and a distributed source model (DSM). LTM recordings employed the standard 25‐electrode array (including inferior temporal electrodes). An age‐matched template head model was used for source analysis. Results were compared with intracranial recordings, conventional neuroimaging methods [magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)] and outcome at 1 year after surgery.ResultsA total of 87 consecutive patients were analysed. ECD gave a significantly higher proportion of patients with localized focal abnormalities (94%) compared with MRI (70%), PET (66%) and SPECT (64%). Agreement between the ESI methods and intracranial recording was moderate to substantial (k = 0.56–0.79). A total of 54 patients were operated (47 patients more than 1 year ago) and 62% of them became seizure‐free. The localization accuracy of II‐ESI was 51% for DSM and 57% for ECD, and that for IC‐ESI was 51% for DSM and 62% for ECD. The differences between the ESI methods were not significant. Differences in localization accuracy between ESI and MRI (55%), PET (33%) and SPECT (40%) were not significant.ConclusionsThe II‐ESI and IC‐ESI of LTM data have high feasibility and their localization accuracy is similar to that of conventional neuroimaging methods.