bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scientific Development of HTA—A Proposal by the Health Technology Assessment International Scientific Development and Capacity Building Committee
Authors: van der Wilt Gert Jan , Rüther Alric , Trowman Rebecca 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo report from the Scientific Development and Capacity Building Committee of Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) on activities that are being undertaken within HTAi regarding the promotion of scientific rigor in the field of health technology assessment (HTA).MethodsRetrieval of definitions of HTA that the SDCB committee considered reflective of the current practice of HTA, followed by a narrative synthesis of the core components of HTA.ResultsSeveral definitions of HTA have been provided, all sharing the notion that HTA is the formal, systematic, and transparent inquiry into the meaning and value, broadly defined, of health technologies, when used in specific patient populations.Many frameworks and tools have been developed for assessing the quality of specific tasks that may be conducted in the context of HTA. Collating such frameworks and tools is likely to be helpful in developing standards and in providing guidance as to how the scientific quality of HTA may be secured. Two current trends in HTA were noted: a stronger health systems focus, and the need to involve stakeholders throughout the HTA process. A wider systems’ perspective requires that plausible alternative scenarios are being developed, and wide consultation of various stakeholders is a prerequisite to the development of such scenarios with data from various sources.ConclusionsCurrent trends in HTA will lead to different demands on the HTA expert. The task of this emerging policy professional would be not just to provide technical information for problem-solving, but also to combine it with a new function of facilitating public deliberation and learning.
Estimating the effectiveness of vaccine programs in dog populations
Authors: Wallace R.M. , Undurraga E.A. , Gibson A. , Boone J. , Pieracci E.G. , Gamble L. , Blanton J.D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Dogs harbor numerous zoonotic pathogens, many of which are controlled through vaccination programs. The delivery of these programs can be difficult where resources are limited. We developed a dynamic model to estimate vaccination coverage and cost-per-dog vaccinated. The model considers the main factors that affect vaccination programs: dog demographics, effectiveness of strategies, efficacy of interventions and cost. The model was evaluated on data from 18 vaccination programs representing eight countries. Sensitivity analysis was performed for dog confinement and vaccination strategies. The average difference between modelled vaccination coverage and field data was 3.8% (2.3%–5.3%). Central point vaccination was the most cost-effective vaccination strategy when >88% of the dog population was confined. More active methods of vaccination, such as door-to-door or capture-vaccinate-release, achieved higher vaccination coverage in free-roaming dog populations but were more costly. This open-access tool can aid in planning more efficient vaccination campaigns in countries with limited resources.
Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisations among young children: a data linkage study
Authors: Prasad Namrata , Newbern E. Claire , Trenholme Adrian A. , Wood Tim , Thompson Mark G. , Aminisani Nayyereh , Huang Q. Sue , Grant Cameron C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We aimed to provide comprehensive estimates of laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalisations. Between 2012 and 2015, active surveillance of acute respiratory infection (ARI) hospitalisations during winter seasons was used to estimate the seasonal incidence of laboratory-confirmed RSV hospitalisations in children aged <5 years in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ). Incidence rates were estimated by fine age group, ethnicity and socio-economic status (SES) strata. Additionally, RSV disease estimates determined through active surveillance were compared to rates estimated from hospital discharge codes. There were 5309 ARI hospitalisations among children during the study period, of which 3923 (73.9%) were tested for RSV and 1597 (40.7%) were RSV-positive. The seasonal incidence of RSV-associated ARI hospitalisations, once corrected for non-testing, was 6.1 (95% confidence intervals 5.8–6.4) per 1000 children <5 years old. The highest incidence was among children aged <3 months. Being of indigenous Māori or Pacific ethnicity or living in a neighbourhood with low SES independently increased the risk of an RSV-associated hospitalisation. RSV hospital discharge codes had a sensitivity of 71% for identifying laboratory-confirmed RSV cases. RSV infection is a leading cause of hospitalisation among children in NZ, with significant disparities by ethnicity and SES. Our findings highlight the need for effective RSV vaccines and therapies.
Building on an old feature inlangue d’Oïl: interrogatives in Vimeu Picard
Authors: Auger Julie , Villeneuve Anne-José 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPicard faces challenges in its quest for recognition, in part due to its perceived similarity with French. While scholars recognize that Picard and French phonology, morphology and lexicon differ considerably, some scholars maintain that Picard syntax differs little from French. Suspecting that such assessments are based on superficial comparisons, we test their validity by performing comparative variationist analyses of Picard and French morphosyntactic structures. This article focuses on interrogatives. We compare older and contemporary written data, as well as contemporary oral data, and show that Picard and French use their shared structures differently and that the Picard Yes/No interrogative system is complex but constrained by two linguistic factors: polarity and person. We report very different distributions of SV, inversion and interrogative –tibased on polarity and show that negative markerspointandmieconstrain the choice of interrogative structure. For affirmative interrogatives, we show that the distribution of interrogative structures is strongly constrained by the subject person. A diachronic analysis of text from nine authors from three generations reveals overall stability over time, with some signs of convergence toward French in the middle generation but a reversal to the older patterns in the youngest generation.
Picard: amal aiméamong regional languages?
Authors: Hornsby David 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough often seen as a medieval rival to French, Picard has received far less official recognition and support than more celebrated regional languages such as Breton or Occitan. A shared history and high degree of linguistic similarity with the national language appear to have engendered a perception that it is simply ‘bad French’, but for supporters such Eloy (1997) Picard remainspotentiellement une vraie langue, worthy and in need of status enhancement initiatives enjoyed by other regional languages. Promotion of language status for Picard, however, is found to be fraught with practical difficulties, not least of which are a lack of territorial unity and major cultural differences between the north and south of the picardophone area. Equally importantly, the discourse of languagehood fosters notions of linguistic purity which ignore the extensive mixing of local, supralocal and national elements that has always been evident in Picard writing and speech. This in turn engenders linguistic insecurity, notably among urban working-class speakers, whose speech can all too easily be caricatured as both ‘bad French’ and ‘bad patois’, with obvious consequences for intergenerational transmission. The well-intentioned promotion of Picard as a regional language may therefore, perversely, be detrimental to the very varieties it serves.
Eating Cotton: Cottonseed, Crisco, and Consumer Ignorance
Authors: Veit Helen Zoe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmericans have eaten significant amounts of cottonseed oil since the late nineteenth century. Yet for generations, few Americans have known how often they eat foods made from the cotton plant. Crisco paved the way for this kind of consumer ignorance. Launched by the Procter & Gamble company in 1911, Crisco was a wholly new product: a solid fat made entirely from liquid cottonseed oil, the result of the novel technology of hydrogenation. Responding to tenacious prejudice against cottonseed, Crisco's marketers made consumer ignorance acceptable by promoting the idea that industrial processing was akin to purification and encouraging consumers to put trust in brands rather than to focus on ingredients. The Progressive Era is supposed to be a period when food processing became increasingly transparent, and in some ways it was. But in the wake of the Pure Food legislation of 1906 and in conjunction with an exploding food advertising industry that highlighted factory processing as a unique virtue, American consumers increasingly trusted both government oversight and industrial food production. Cottonseed oil's history is ultimately a story of consumers’ growing confidence in highly processed food and their growing comfort with ignorance about the ingredients that went into it.
Ocean Dynamics of Outer Solar System Satellites
Authors: Soderlund Krista M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOcean worlds are prevalent in the solar system. Focusing on Enceladus, Titan, Europa, and Ganymede, I use rotating convection theory and numerical simulations to predict ocean currents and the potential for ice‐ocean coupling. When the influence of rotation is relatively strong, the oceans have multiple zonal jets, axial convective motions, and most efficient heat transfer at high latitudes. This regime is most relevant to Enceladus and possibly to Titan and may help explain their long‐wavelength topography. For a more moderate rotational influence, fewer zonal jets form, Hadley‐like circulation cells develop, and heat flux peaks near the equator. This regime is predicted for Europa, where it may help drive geologic activity via thermocompositional diapirism in the ice shell, and is possible for Titan. Weak rotational influence allows concentric zonal flows and overturning cells with no preferred orientation. Predictions for Ganymede's ocean span multiple regimes.
Effects of Roughness Reynolds Number on Scalar Transfer Mechanisms at the Sediment‐Water Interface
Authors: He G. J. , Han X. , Fang H. W. , Reible D. , Huang L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe passive scalar transport across a sediment‐water interface (SWI) is of fundamental importance to river environments. A model for scalar transfer from water to organic sediment bed is developed. The bed is formed by packed particles so that combined effect of permeability and roughness can be considered. Large‐eddy simulation is used to get spatial and temporal information. The numerical results are compared to data from laboratory experiments, which stress the importance of considering bed roughness to better characterize the turbulent diffusion across the SWI. From the smooth regime to the transitionally regime, the turbulent diffusion exceeds the molecular diffusion and the dominating role at the interface changes from molecular diffusion to turbulent diffusion. In the completely rough regime, the molecular diffusive flux can be ignored compared with the turbulent flux. Moreover, turbulent Schmidt number is found to be higher near the SWI and lower around the middle of flow depth, ranging from 0.5 to 1. The results will be helpful to design the parameterization for the scalar transport over streams, rivers, or coastal areas where flow near the bed surface is relatively high and hyporheic exchange is affected by roughness and bed permeability.
Migration of Very Long Period Seismicity at Aso Volcano, Japan, Associated With the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake
Authors: Hendriyana Andri , Tsuji Takeshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEarthquakes are known to precede volcanic activity, including long‐period or very long period (VLP) volcanic seismicity. However, the relationships among earthquakes, VLP seismicity, and volcanic eruptions are not well understood. Here we present the locations of VLP seismicity at Aso volcano, Japan, between January 2015 and December 2016, a period that includes the Mw 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake and phreatomagmatic eruptions. By using a differential‐time backprojection method developed in this study to accurately locate VLP events, we clearly identified two distinct VLP clusters. Whereas the eastern cluster was active during eruptions, the western cluster displayed intense VLP seismicity only for a few months after the earthquake. The western cluster may be associated with opening of new fractures during the earthquake. This study explores the mechanisms that can relate earthquake to volcanic activities and provides a new approach to analyze the dynamic behaviors inside volcanoes that may yield useful information for hazard evaluation.
Disentangling the Simultaneous Effects of Inertial Losses and Fracture Dilation on Permeability of Pressurized Fractured Rocks
Authors: Zhou Jia‐Qing , Chen Yi‐Feng , Tang Huiming , Wang Lichun , Cardenas M. Bayani 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHow fluids flow through pressurized fractured rocks is relevant to many engineering applications and geophysical processes including fault rupturing, hydraulic fracturing, induced seismicity, fluid extraction, and contaminant transport. With increasing fluid pressure and concomitantly elevated hydraulic gradient, the permeability of fractured rock is reduced because of inertial losses within the fluid. There is an accompanying flow regime change when this happens. On the other hand, increasing pressure causes fracture dilation which enhances permeability. In this case, the fracture geometry changes. These two competing consequences of increasing pressure had always been studied independently. Here we present an analytical expression for fractured rock permeability where flow regime and medium geometry simultaneously co‐evolve. The theory was applied to core and field flow tests. With continuously increasing fluid pressure, the inertial effect on permeability first dominates over that of fracture dilation and this dominance theoretically reverses at Forchheimer number = 1/3.
Single‐Column Emulation of Reanalysis of the Northeast Pacific Marine Boundary Layer
Authors: McGibbon J. , Bretherton C. S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn artificial neural network is trained to reproduce thermodynamic tendencies and boundary layer properties from European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5th Generation high resolution realization reanalysis data over the summertime northeast Pacific stratocumulus to trade cumulus transition region. The network is trained prognostically using 7‐day forecasts rather than using diagnosed instantaneous tendencies alone. The resulting model, Machine‐Assisted Reanalysis Boundary Layer Emulation, skillfully reproduces the boundary layer structure and cloud properties of the reanalysis data in 7‐day single‐column prognostic simulations over withheld testing periods. Radiative heating profiles are well simulated, and the mean climatology and variability of the stratocumulus to cumulus transition are accurately reproduced. Machine‐Assisted Reanalysis Boundary Layer Emulation more closely tracks the reanalysis than does a comparable configuration of the underlying forecast model.
Impacts of the ENSO Lifecycle on Stratospheric Ozone and Temperature
Authors: Lin Jialin , Qian Taotao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study examines the variations of stratospheric temperature and ozone associated with the lifecycle of El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Significant stratospheric temperature and ozone anomalies are found not only during El Nino and La Nina, but also during the transition phases in between, and anomalies during the cold‐to‐warm transition generally mirror those during the warm‐to‐cold transition. Zonal mean temperature anomalies propagate slowly upward over northern midlatitudes but downward over the Arctic. The strongest ozone anomalies over Antarctica occur one year after El Nino and La Nina, which show a dipole structure between the upper stratosphere and the lower stratosphere. The ozone anomalies are associated with anomalous Brewer‐Dobson circulation and anomalous Eliassen‐Palm flux divergence.
Foetal oestrogens and autism
Authors: Baron-Cohen Simon , Tsompanidis Alexandros , Auyeung Bonnie , Nørgaard-Pedersen Bent , Hougaard David M. , Abdallah Morsi , Cohen Arieh , Pohl Alexa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElevated latent prenatal steroidogenic activity has been found in the amniotic fluid of autistic boys, based on measuring prenatal androgens and other steroid hormones. To date, it is unclear if other prenatal steroids also contribute to autism likelihood. Prenatal oestrogens need to be investigated, as they play a key role in synaptogenesis and corticogenesis during prenatal development, in both males and females. Here we test whether levels of prenatal oestriol, oestradiol, oestrone and oestrone sulphate in amniotic fluid are associated with autism, in the same Danish Historic Birth Cohort, in which prenatal androgens were measured, using univariate logistic regression (n = 98 cases, n = 177 controls). We also make a like-to-like comparison between the prenatal oestrogens and androgens. Oestradiol, oestrone, oestriol and progesterone each related to autism in univariate analyses after correction with false discovery rate. A comparison of standardised odds ratios showed that oestradiol, oestrone and progesterone had the largest effects on autism likelihood. These results for the first time show that prenatal oestrogens contribute to autism likelihood, extending the finding of elevated prenatal steroidogenic activity in autism. This likely affects sexual differentiation, brain development and function.
Viruses as key reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment
Authors: Debroas Didier , Siguret Cléa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a rapidly growing health care problem globally and causes many illnesses and deaths. Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by horizontal transfer mediated by mobile genetic elements, where the role of phages in their dissemination in natural environments has not yet been clearly resolved. From metagenomic studies, we showed that the mean proportion of predicted ARGs found in prophages (0–0.0028%) was lower than those present in the free viruses (0.001–0.1%). Beta-lactamase, from viruses in the swine gut, represented 0.10 % of the predicted genes. Overall, in the environment, the ARG distribution associated with viruses was strongly linked to human activity, and the low dN/dS ratio observed advocated for a negative selection of the ARGs harbored by the viruses. Our network approach showed that viruses were linked to putative pathogens (Enterobacterales and vibrionaceae) and were considered key vehicles in ARG transfer, similar to plasmids. Therefore, these ARGs could then be disseminated at larger temporal and spatial scales than those included in the bacterial genomes, allowing for time-delayed genetic exchanges.
Cep131 overexpression promotes centrosome amplification and colon cancer progression by regulating Plk4 stability
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Ahn Jong Seog , Han Ho Jin , Kim Hye-Min , Hwang Joonsung , Lee Kyung Ho , Cha-Molstad Hyunjoo , Ryoo In-Ja , Jang Jae-Hyuk , Ko Sung-Kyun , Yang Jin Ok , Lee Hee Gu , Lee Sangku , Song Eun Joo , Kim Jin Young , Huh Yang Hoon , Kwon Yong Tae , Soung Nak-Kyun , Kim Bo Yeon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe initiation of centrosome duplication is regulated by the Plk4/STIL/hsSAS-6 axis; however, the involvement of other centrosomal proteins in this process remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that Cep131 physically interacts with Plk4 following phosphorylation of residues S21 and T205. Localizing at the centriole, phosphorylated Cep131 has an increased capability to interact with STIL, leading to further activation and stabilization of Plk4 for initiating centrosome duplication. Moreover, we found that Cep131 overexpression resulted in centrosome amplification by excessive recruitment of STIL to the centriole and subsequent stabilization of Plk4, contributing to centrosome amplification. The xenograft mouse model also showed that both centrosome amplification and colon cancer growth were significantly increased by Cep131 overexpression. These findings demonstrate that Cep131 is a novel substrate of Plk4, and that phosphorylation or dysregulated Cep131 overexpression promotes Plk4 stabilization and therefore centrosome amplification, establishing a perspective in understanding a relationship between centrosome amplification and cancer development.
Highly active nanostructured CoS2/CoS heterojunction electrocatalysts for aqueous polysulfide/iodide redox flow batteries
Authors: Ma Dui , Hu Bo , Wu Wenda , Liu Xi , Zai Jiantao , Shu Chen , Tadesse Tsega Tsegaye , Chen Liwei , Qian Xuefeng , Liu T. Leo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAqueous polysulfide/iodide redox flow batteries are attractive for scalable energy storage due to their high energy density and low cost. However, their energy efficiency and power density are usually limited by poor electrochemical kinetics of the redox reactions of polysulfide/iodide ions on graphite electrodes, which has become the main obstacle for their practical applications. Here, CoS2/CoS heterojunction nanoparticles with uneven charge distribution, which are synthesized in situ on graphite felt by a one-step solvothermal process, can significantly boost electrocatalytic activities of I−/I3− and S2−/Sx2− redox reactions by improving absorptivity of charged ions and promoting charge transfer. The polysulfide/iodide flow battery with the graphene felt-CoS2/CoS heterojunction can deliver a high energy efficiency of 84.5% at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a power density of 86.2 mW cm−2 and a stable energy efficiency retention of 96% after approximately 1000 h of continuous operation.
Activation of DR3 signaling causes loss of ILC3s and exacerbates intestinal inflammation
Authors: Li Jingyu , Shi Wenli , Sun Hanxiao , Ji Yan , Chen Yuqin , Guo Xiaohuan , Sheng Huiming , Shu Jie , Zhou Liang , Cai Ting , Qiu Ju 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTNF-like ligand 1 A (TL1A) and death receptor 3 (DR3) are a ligand-receptor pair involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) regulate intestinal immunity and highly express DR3. Here, we report that activation of DR3 signaling by an agonistic anti-DR3 antibody increases GM-CSF production from ILC3s through the p38 MAPK pathway. GM-CSF causes accumulation of eosinophils, neutrophils and CD11b+CD11c+ myeloid cells, resulting in loss of ILC3s from the intestine in an IL-23-dependent manner and exacerbating colitis. Blockade of GM-CSF or IL-23 reverses anti-DR3 antibody-driven ILC3 loss, whereas overexpression of IL-23 induces loss of ILC3s in the absence of GM-CSF. Neutralization of TL1A by soluble DR3 ameliorates both DSS and anti-CD40 antibody-induced colitis. Moreover, ILC3s are required for the deleterious effect of anti-DR3 antibodies on innate colitis. These findings clarify the process and consequences of DR3 signaling-induced intestinal inflammation through regulation of ILC3s.