bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat use of the Aesculapian snake at different spatial scales
Authors: Kurek Katarzyna , Król Wiesław , Najberek Kamil , Ćmiel Adam M. , Solarz Wojciech , Bury Stanisław , Baś Grzegorz , Najbar Bartłomiej , Okarma Henryk 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTAt their range limits, animal populations are often small and endangered. Moreover, they may use habitats in different ways than core populations, making the determination of habitat requirements an important aspect for effective long‐term conservation of these populations. We assessed habitat requirements of the Aesculapian snake (Zamenis longissimus) in an isolated population at the northern limits of its range, southeastern Poland. We analyzed factors affecting the species’ distribution at different spatial scales. We used the area of its current distribution (22,754 ha) in Poland to analyze macrohabitat patterns at the landscape scale and used the area currently occupied by the largest local population (2,192 ha) to analyze macro‐ and microhabitat use. Additionally, at 25 sites delimited around individual and clusters of snake records (140.7 ha), we characterized the detailed forest composition. Landscape‐scale analyses confirmed the Aesculapian snake's preference for deciduous forest. At the medium spatial scale, anthropogenic macro‐ and microhabitat features had a positive effect on the presence and abundance of the species. Its distribution was positively associated with warm river valleys, and we recorded the highest numbers of snakes in areas with average annual temperatures between 5.95°C and 6.30°C. At a fine scale, the relative abundance of the Aesculapian snake was negatively associated with dense deciduous forest cover but positively associated with open broad‐leaf woodlands. To conserve northern populations of the Aesculapian snake, clearings should be maintained in forest stands, tree planting and natural succession should be reduced in open areas, and alder forests (Alnetum incanae) and small beech forest (Dentario glandulosae‐Fagetum) stands should be protected. Active conservation should include the creation of artificial reproduction sites and permanent rocky shelters to assist dispersal and connectivity among subpopulations. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Precise inclusion relations among Bergman–Besov and Bloch–Lipschitz spaces and on the unit ball of
Authors: Kaptanoğlu H. Turgay , Üreyen A. Ersin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe describe exactly and fully which of the spaces of holomorphic functions in the title are included in which others. We provide either new results or new proofs. More importantly, we construct explicit functions in each space that show our relations are strict and the best possible. Many of our inclusions turn out to be sharper than the Sobolev imbeddings.
Chemokine CXCL1 is responsible for cocaine‐induced reward in mice
Authors: Saika Fumihiro , Matsuzaki Shinsuke , Kobayashi Daichi , Kiguchi Norikazu , Kishioka Shiroh 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimWe have previously demonstrated that upregulation of CC chemokines through dopamine receptor signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) underlies methamphetamine (Meth)‐induced reward. Given the common pharmacological property of Meth and cocaine (Coca), which are highly addictive psychostimulants, we hypothesized that chemokines may also contribute to Coca‐induced reward. The aim of this study was to identify a key chemokine‐mediating Coca‐induced reward in mice.MethodsThe mRNA expression levels of chemokines were measured by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Coca‐induced reward was evaluated by conditioned place preference test.ResultsWe found that mRNA expression levels of CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL7, and CXC chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) were upregulated in the PFC after a single administration of Coca (20 mg/kg, s.c.). Upregulation of CXCL1, but not CCL2 and CCL7, mRNA in the PFC was also observed after repeated administration of Coca. A single administration of dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 81297 (10 mg/kg, s.c.), but not D2 receptor agonist sumanirole, upregulated CXCL1 mRNA in the PFC. Coca‐induced reward was attenuated by the pretreatment of SB 225002 (5 mg/kg, s.c.), a selective antagonist of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2, cognate receptor for CXCL1).ConclusionsCollectively, we identified CXCL1 as a key regulator in Coca‐induced reward and propose that pharmacological approach targeting CXCL1 could be a novel pharmacotherapy for Coca‐induced reward.
Barriers to active self‐management following treatment for head and neck cancer: Survivors' perspectives
Authors: Dunne Simon , Coffey Laura , Sharp Linda , Timmons Aileen , Desmond Deirdre , Gooberman‐Hill Rachael , O'Sullivan Eleanor , Keogh Ivan , Timon Conrad , Gallagher Pamela 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveActive self‐management practices may help head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors to deal with challenges to their physical, functional, social, and psychological well‐being presented by HNC and its treatment. This study investigates the factors perceived by HNC survivors to act as barriers to their active self‐management following primary treatment.MethodsIn this qualitative study, 27 HNC survivors identified through 4 designated cancer centres in Ireland participated in face‐to‐face semistructured interviews. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes (and associated subthemes) describing barriers to survivors' active self‐management were identified: emotional barriers (eg, fear of recurrence), symptom‐related barriers (eg, loss of taste), structural barriers (eg, access to appropriate health services), and self‐evaluative barriers (eg, interpersonal self‐evaluative concerns).ConclusionsThis is the first study to describe HNC survivors' views about barriers to their active self‐management after treatment. The findings have important implications for self‐management research and intervention development concerning HNC survivorship.
Cirrhosis affects maximal oxygen consumption, functional capacity, quality of life in patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Casales da Silva Vieira Rodrigo , Álvares‐da‐Silva Mario Reis , de Oliveira Álvaro Reischak , da Silveira Gross Julia , Kruger Renata Lopes , Dal Bosco Adriane , Marroni Norma Anair Possa , Forgiarini Luiz Alberto , Dias Alexandre Simões 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim is assess, compare, and correlate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max.), functional capacity and quality of life in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and in healthy individuals.MethodsThis case–control study included 36 participants (18 patients with HCV cirrhosis and 18 healthy individuals) matched for sex and age. VO2max was assessed using ergospirometry with an incremental load test on a cycloergometer. Functional capacity was measured by a 6‐min walk test (6WT), and quality of life was assessed using the 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36).ResultsBoth the cirrhotic group and the control group had similar results for sex (44.4% male) and age (55.6 ± 8.31 and 55.2 ± 8.85 years, respectively). The cirrhotic group scored lower in all domains of the SF‐36, on the VO2max test (cirrhotic group 16.2 [11.6–18.6] ml/kg/min; control group 19.9 [16.28–26.9]; p = 0.007) and on the 6WT (cirrhotic group 521.5 [476.25–544.75] m; control group 618.0 [570.75–643.75] m; p = 0.0001). Correlations were found between the 6WT and the VO2max (r = 0.801, p < 0.0001) and between the 6WT and quality of life (SF‐361—functional capacity domain; r = 0.552, p = 0.018) only in the cirrhotic group.ConclusionPatients with cirrhosis due to HCV show changes in VO2max and in functional capacity, which have a significant impact on their quality of life.
Final results of the search for νμ → νe oscillations with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam
Authors:   The OPERA collaboration, Agafonova N. , Aleksandrov A. , Anokhina A. , Aoki S. , Ariga A. , Ariga T. , Bertolin A. , Bozza C. , Brugnera R. , Buonaura A. , Buontempo S. , Chernyavskiy M. , Chukanov A. , Consiglio L. , D’Ambrosio N. , De Lellis G. , De Serio M. , del Amo Sanchez P. , Di Crescenzo A. , Di Ferdinando D. , Di Marco N. , Dmitrievsky S. , Dracos M. , Duchesneau D. , Dusini S. , Dzhatdoev T. , Ebert J. , Ereditato A. , Favier J. , Fini R. A. , Fornari F. , Fukuda T. , Galati G. , Garfagnini A. , Gentile V. , Goldberg J. , Gornushkin Y. , Gorbunov S. , Grella G. , Guler A. M. , Gustavino C. , Hagner C. , Hara T. , Hayakawa T. , Hollnagel A. , Hosseini B. , Ishiguro K. , Iuliano A. , Jakovcic K. , Jollet C. , Kamiscioglu C. , Kamiscioglu M. , Kim S. H. , Kitagawa N. , Klicek B. , Kodama K. , Komatsu M. , Kose U. , Kreslo I. , Laudisio F. , Lauria A. , Ljubicic A. , Longhin A. , Loverre P. , Malgin A. , Malenica M. , Mandrioli G. , Matsuo T. , Matveev V. , Mauri N. , Medinaceli E. , Meisel F. , Meregaglia A. , Mikado S. , Miyanishi M. , Mizutani F. , Monacelli P. , Montesi M. C. , Morishima K. , Muciaccia M. T. , Naganawa N. , Naka T. , Nakamura M. , Nakano T. , Niwa K. , Okateva N. , Ogawa S. , Ozaki K. , Paoloni A. , Paparella L. , Park B. D. , Pasqualini L. , Pastore A. , Patrizii L. , Pessard H. , Podgrudkov D. , Polukhina N. , Pozzato M. , Pupilli F. , Roda M. , Roganova T. , Rokujo H. , Rosa G. , Ryazhskaya O. , Sato O. , Schembri A. , Shakiryanova I. , Shchedrina T. , Shibuya H. , Shibayama E. , Shiraishi T. , Simone S. , Sirignano C. , Sirri G. , Sotnikov A. , Spinetti M. , Stanco L. , Starkov N. , Stellacci S. M. , Stipcevic M. , Strolin P. , Takahashi S. , Tenti M. , Terranova F. , Tioukov V. , Vasina S. , Vilain P. , Voevodina E. , Votano L. , Vuilleumier J. L. , Wilquet G. , Yoon C. S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe OPERA experiment has discovered the tau neutrino appearance in the CNGS muon neutrino beam, in agreement with the 3 neutrino flavour oscillation hypothesis. The OPERA neutrino interaction target, made of Emulsion Cloud Chambers, was particularly efficient in the reconstruction of electromagnetic showers. Moreover, thanks to the very high granularity of the emulsion films, showers induced by electrons can be distinguished from those induced byπ0s, thus allowing the detection of charged current interactions of electron neutrinos. In this paper the results of the search for electron neutrino events using the full dataset are reported. An improved method for the electron neutrino energy estimation is exploited. Data are compatible with the 3 neutrino flavour mixing model expectations and are used to set limits on the oscillation parameters of the 3+1 neutrino mixing model, in which an additional mass eigenstatem4is introduced. At high Δm412(≳0.1 eV2), an upper limit on sin22θμeis set to 0.021 at 90% C.L. and Δm412 ≳ 4 × 10− 3eV2is excluded for maximal mixing in appearance mode.
Huntington-Erkrankung
Authors: Nguyen Hoa Huu Phuc , Weydt Patrick 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Huntington-Krankheit (HK) ist eine der häufigsten autosomal-dominant vererbten monogenetischen Erkrankungen des Erwachsenenalters. Klinisch ist die HK klassischerweise durch eine Kombination aus Bewegungsstörung, kognitivem Abbau und psychiatrischen Auffälligkeiten gekennzeichnet. Die Erkrankung verläuft progredient über einen Zeitraum von typischerweise 15–20 Jahren und führt in der Regel zum Tod durch Komplikationen wie eine Pneumonie bei Dysphagie oder durch Suizid. Obwohl die ursächliche Mutation seit mehr als 25 Jahren bekannt ist, konnte bisher keine wirksame neuroprotektive oder kausale Therapie gefunden werden. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über die klinische Präsentation, Genetik, neuropathologischen und molekularen Veränderungen sowie die neuen Behandlungen der HK. Zudem geben wir einen kurzen Einblick über relevante Tiermodelle und laufende Studien und präsentieren die Besonderheiten in der genetischen Beratung im Rahmen der prädiktiven und pränatalen Diagnostik.
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act Young Adult Provision on Childbearing: Evidence From Tax Data
Authors: Heim Bradley , Lurie Ithai , Simon Kosali 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We use panel U.S. tax data spanning 2008–2013 to study the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) young adult provision on an important demographic outcome: childbearing. The impact is theoretically ambiguous: gaining insurance may increase access to contraceptive services while also reducing the out-of-pocket costs of childbirth. Because employer-reported U.S. Wage and Tax Statements (W-2 forms) record access to employer-provided benefits, we can examine the impact of the coverage expansion by focusing on young adults whose parents have access to benefits. We compare those who are slightly younger than the age threshold with those who are slightly older. Our results suggest that the ACA young adult provision led to a modest decrease in childbearing.
Frankincense upregulates the hippocampal calcium/calmodulin kinase II‐α during development of the rat brain and improves memory performance
Authors: Beheshti Siamak , Ghorbanpour Skakakomi Azadeh , Ghaedi Kamran , Dehestani Hadi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundFrankincense is an oleo gum resin derived from trees of genusBoswellia.It has favorable effects on memory formation. However, the probable underlying molecular mechanisms have not been assessed. Frankincense exerts some of its effects via activation of protein kinases. Calcium/calmodulin kinaseII (CaMKII) and CaMKIV are crucial mediators of learning and memory. We studied the effect of maternal injection of the aqueous extract of frankincense during gestation and lactation periods on spatial memory performance and the mRNA expression levels of the hippocampal CaMKIIand CaMKIV in the offspring rats.MethodsAqueous extract of Frankincense (50 and 100 mg/kg) or tap water was gavaged to distinct female rats during gestation and lactation periods. Memory performance was assessed in groups of male offspring using Morris water maze. In other groups of the offspring (with no memory test), the hippocampi of the juvenile rats were removed 30 days after labor. A real‐time PCR method was used to measure the mRNA levels of CaMKII and CaMKIV.ResultsFrankincense improved spatial memory retrieval in the offspring rats in a dose‐dependent manner. The mRNA expression of hippocampal CaMKIV was unchanged between groups. However, the mRNA expression of hippocampal CaMKII was dose‐dependently upregulated in the rats, whose mothers had received frankincense.ConclusionsDue to the crucial role of the CaMKII in memory formation, the results provide a molecular basis for the effect of administration of frankincense to mother rats on improvement of the memory in the offspring.
Quantifying and Reducing Retained Botulinum Toxin Postinjection
Authors: Solinsky Ryan , Kirshblum Steven C. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundRetained botulinum toxin solution may be visible in vials and syringe tips after mixing and presumed complete injections, leaving patients without the full prescribed dose.ObjectiveTo quantify the mean amount of retained toxin within vials, syringes, and needles following spasticity injections (phase 1) and to design/test a targeted intervention for reduced retained toxin (phase 2).DesignProspective cohort quality assurance study.SettingOutpatient spasticity program in a rehabilitation facility.ParticipantsNine physicians specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation, performing successive mixing and injections for spasticity with onabotulinumtoxinA or incobotulinumtoxinA.MethodsAfter initial review (phase 1), recommendations were made (phase 2) including not inverting the vial to withdraw medication unless needed, favoring 2‐mL dilutions when possible, and decapping of vials for more complete medication withdrawal.Main Outcome MeasurementsRetained volume of toxin solution that was not injected and estimated retained units of toxin.ResultsA total of 157 vials of botulinum toxin A were tested. Of the 82 initial, phase 1, preintervention vials (8200 units), 5.5% (∼452 units) of toxin solution was retained following mixing and injections. One and 3‐mL syringe tips contained a mean of 3.32 and 1.44 units of toxin respectively. Within vials, saline dilutions with 2 mL contained less mean retained toxin (1.89 vs 3.31 units) relative to 1‐mL dilution. Awareness of monitoring significantly decreased retained solution in vials (0.035 mL vs 0.069 mL for naïve group, P = .002). Phase 2, postintervention testing of 75 vials demonstrated that withdrawing toxin from the inferior edge from a non‐inverted vial reduced the retained toxin by 32.8% (P < .001). Decapping the vial further reduced the mean retained toxin to 0.42 units per vial (81.9% reduction, P < .001).ConclusionsA potentially clinically significant amount of botulinum toxin solution is retained following mixing and injections. Implementation of guidelines significantly decreased wasted botulinum toxin.Level of EvidenceIII
Compassion Focused Therapy Groups: Evidence from Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: McManus James , Tsivos Zoe , Woodward Sarah , Fraser Janelle , Hartwell Rosalyn 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesPsychological therapy groups for people in adult mental health services can relieve waiting list pressures and potentially reduce stigma and social isolation. Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) focuses on shame and self-criticism. The aim of this study was to evaluate a transdiagnostic CFT group.DesignQuantitative and qualitative data were obtained from 13 people who completed the group.MethodsParticipants completed a range of pre- and post-group self-report outcome measures that assess self-criticism and self-compassion.ResultsStatistically significant improvements were found on all measures used, suggesting that attending the CFT group did result in meaningful changes. People who completed the group also provided positive feedback about the experience.ConclusionsThe results suggest that running CFT groups is feasible and acceptable to clients with a range of psychiatric diagnoses as part of their care from community mental health teams. People who completed the group demonstrated significant improvements. A proportion of people did not complete the group, and more research is required about the reasons for this. Limitations of this study are considered together with future directions for research into CFT.
Outpatient antimicrobial stewardship targets for treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections
Authors: Jaggi Preeti , Wang Ling , Gleeson Sean , Moore-Clingenpeel Melissa , Watson Joshua R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to identify factors associated with long duration and/or non–first-line choice of treatment for pediatric skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAmbulatory encounter claims of Medicaid-insured children lacking chronic medical conditions treated for SSTI and/or animal bite injury in Ohio in 2014.MethodsFor all diagnoses, long treatment duration was defined as treatment >7 days. Non–first-line choice of treatment for SSTI included treatment with 2 antimicrobials dispensed on the same calendar day or any treatment not listed in the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. The adjusted odds of (1) long treatment duration and (2) non–first-line choice of treatment were calculated for patient age, prescriber type, and patient county of residence characteristics (ie, rural vs metropolitan area and poverty rate).ResultsOf 10,310 encounters with complete data available, long treatment duration was prescribed in 7,968 (77.3%). The most common duration of treatment prescribed was 10 days. A non–first-line choice was prescribed in 1,030 encounters (10%). Dispensation of 2 antimicrobials on the same calendar day was the most common reason for the non–first-line choice, and of these, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus a first-generation cephalosporin was the most common regimen. Compared to pediatricians, the adjusted odds ratio of long treatment duration was significantly lower for all other primary care specialties. Conversely, nonpediatricians were more likely to prescribe a non–first-line treatment choice. Patient residence in a high-poverty county increased the odds of both long duration and non–first-line choice of treatment.ConclusionsHealthcare claims may be utilized to measure opportunities for first-line choice and/or shorter duration of treatment for SSTI.
Why did Italy contribute to UNIFIL II? An analytical eclectic analysis
Authors: Cladi Lorenzo , Locatelli Andrea 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAfter the 2006 war between Israel and Hezbollah, the UN launched the peacekeeping operation UNIFIL II. Italy embarked on the demanding task of taking responsibility for leading the mission. We present a model of military intervention in multilateral operations that aims at highlighting the mechanisms at stake. In so doing, we argue that an analytical eclectic approach offers a novel explanation of Italy’s behaviour. We explain the drivers of Italy’s intervention in Lebanon in two ways. First, we analyse Italy’s actions at the outset of the crisis. Second, we provide an account of the parliamentary debate that took place in both chambers of the Italian Parliament between July and October 2006.
Effects of fructose consumption on postprandial TAG: an update on systematic reviews with meta-analysis
Authors: Macedo Rodrigo C. O. , Vieira Alexandra F. , Moritz Cesar E. J. , Reischak-Oliveira Alvaro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to re-examine the chronic effect (>7 d) of fructose consumption on postprandial TAG, in adolescents and adults. The research was carried out in March 2017 and used different electronic databases, such asMedline®(Pubmed®), Embase®and Cochrane. The review considered clinical trials (parallel or crossed) that evaluated the effect of fructose consumption for a period longer than 7 d, in humans. Two investigators independently performed data extraction. The outcome was the absolute delta of TAG concentration in a 4-h postprandial period. The results were presented with delta mean difference between treatments with 95 % CI. The calculations were made based on random-effect models. Statistical heterogeneity of treatment effects between studies was assessed by Cochrane’s ‘Q Test’ and ‘I2’ inconsistency test. The meta-analysis of the twelve selected interventions (n318) showed that fructose generated larger variation (δ) of TAG concentrations during the postprandial period, compared with other carbohydrates (mean difference: 8·02 (95 % CI 0·46, 15·58) mg/dl (0·09 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·18) mmol/l);I2: 74 %). High heterogeneity was generated almost exclusively by one study, and its withdrawal did not alter the result. We concluded that chronic consumption of fructose (>7 d) has a negative role on postprandial TAG in healthy adolescents and adults, as well as in overweight/obese individuals, but not in diabetics.
Does threatening their franchise make registered voters more likely to participate? Evidence from an aborted voter purge
Authors: Biggers Daniel R. , Smith Daniel A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrior research predicts that election administration changes that increase voting costs should decrease participation, but it fails to consider that some interpret those changes as attacking their franchise. Drawing on psychological reactance theory, this study tests whether such perceived attacks might instead activate those citizens. It leverages the State of Florida’s multi-stage effort in 2012 to purge suspected non-citizens from its voter rolls, comparing the voting rates of suspected non-citizens whose registration was and was not formally challenged by the state. Within-registrant difference-in-difference and matching analyses estimate a positive, significant participatory effect of being challenged, particularly for Hispanics (the vast majority of the sample). Placebo tests show that those challenged were no more likely than those not challenged to vote in previous elections.