bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation‐dependent overexpression of c‐Myc enhances CRL4DCAF4 E3 ligase activity and promotes ubiquitination of ST7 in colitis‐associated cancer
Authors: Liu Hong , Lu Wenzhu , He Hongbo , Wu Jin , Zhang Caiguo , Gong Hanlin , Yang Chunmei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInflammation is well known as an important driver of the initiation of colitis‐associated cancer (CAC). Some cytokines, such as IL‐6 and TNF‐α can activate expression of the oncogene c‐Myc (MYC) and regulate its downstream effects. Cullin‐RING E3 Ligases (CRLs) are emerging as master regulators controlling tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that two cullin genes, CUL4A and CUL4B, but not other members, are specifically overexpressed in CAC tumour samples and positively correlate with levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐6. In vitro experiments revealed that the transcription factor c‐Myc can specifically activate the expression of CUL4A and CUL4B by binding to a conserved site (CACGTG) located in their promoters. Additionally, we found that both CUL4A and CUL4B can form an E3 complex with DNA damage‐binding protein 1 (DDB1) and DDB1‐CUL4‐associated factor 4 (DCAF4). In vitro and in vivo ubiquitination analyses indicate that CRL4DCAF4 E3 ligase specifically directs degradation of ST7 (suppression of tumorigenicity 7). Overexpression of c‐Myc in human colon epithelial cells resulted in the accumulation of CUL4A, CUL4B and DCAF4, but degradation of ST7. In contrast, knockdown of c‐Myc, CUL4A or CUL4B in the colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 caused accumulation of ST7 and inhibition of cell proliferation, colony formation ability and in vivo tumour growth. Collectively, our results provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that c‐Myc regulates CRL4DCAF4 E3 ligase activity to mediate ubiquitination of ST7, whose presence is physiologically essential for CAC tumorigenesis. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Image, Volume 68, Issue 5
Authors: Aguero Angel , Quiles‐Carrillo Luis , Jorda‐Vilaplana Amparo , Fenollar Octavio , Montanes Nestor 
Published: April 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Effect of different compatibilizers on environmentally friendly composites from poly(lactic acid) and diatomaceous earth by Angel Aguero et al. DOI: 10.1002/pi.5779.
image
Urban environment and mortality differentials in Spain
Authors: Voigt Mathias , Ordanovich Dariya , Viciana Fernández Francisco , Cilek Laura Ann , Canovas Balboá Rosa , Ramiro Fariñas Diego 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAnalyses of health and mortality disparities between today's urban and rural populations appear to be exclusively focused on vastly urbanising countries. By incorporating environmental data at census tract level and accounting for within‐area homogeneity, this work attempts to extend classic rural–urban comparisons. Geographical information is linked to a register‐based mortality follow up and Spanish census data for the autonomous community of Andalusia. We then apply mixed effects Cox proportional hazards models to estimate individual mortality differences and account for area variations between residential areas. Estimated effects suggest that the shared degree of “urbanicity” does not affect individual hazards of mortality, whereas environmental‐ and population‐based measures influence the relative risk of dying despite controlling for individual‐level risk factors. Although we do not find an impact of physical urban measures, our results reveal persistent that area‐related mortality disparities which can help to explain the mechanisms behind prevalent spatial‐temporal inequalities such as those in Andalusia.
Analysis of factors impacting wind and solar sectors—Challenges to sustainable development (Four Country Study)
Authors: Thapar Sapan , Sharma Seema , Verma Ashu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeployment of renewable energy has progressed remarkably, with 1,000 GW installations (end of 2017), comprising 540 GW wind and 400 GW solar photovoltaic assets. However, the growth has been nonhomogenous, with spatial and temporal variations witnessed even within countries. Existing literature is focused on policy‐related factors, ignoring nonpolicy variables. We conducted a panel data regression to identify nonpolicy variables impacting wind and solar power sectors in four countries—Germany, India, Japan, and the United States; these rank among top five globally in terms of renewable deployment. Impact assessment of nine variables on wind (period 2004–2016) and 10 variables on solar (period 2006–2016) was undertaken for this study. Long‐term energy data trends highlighted continuous use of oil, amid a growing share of gas and renewable power, along with a diminishing role of nuclear and coal power. Regression analysis reflected significance of commercial factors such as module cost and renewable country index, impacting the growth of these two sectors. Energy imports came out as a strong driver for wind as the sector was initially promoted for enhancing energy security. Contribution of fossil fuels in energy supply also displayed a high significance. Greenhouse gases emissions did not come strongly due to continued dominance of fossil fuels, carbon emissions from ‘nonelectricity’ use, and reduction in use of nuclear power. Suggestions for a steady growth include facilitating business transformation of utilities, enhancing ease of doing business, and developing new markets such as electric mobility and heating.
Twinned Tungsten Carbonitride Nanocrystals Boost Hydrogen Evolution Activity and Stability
Authors: Kou Zongkui , Wang Tingting , Wu Haijun , Zheng Lirong , Mu Shichun , Pan Zhenghui , Lyu Zhiyang , Zang Wenjie , Pennycook Stephen J. , Wang John 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSynergistic integration of two active metal‐based compounds can lead to much higher electrocatalytic activity than either of the two individually, due to the interfacial effects. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept strategy is creatively developed for the successful fabrication of twinned tungsten carbonitride (WCN) nanocrystals, where W2C and WN are chemically bonded at the molecule level. High‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that the intergrowth of W2C and WN in the WCN nanocrystals produces abundant N–W–C interfaces, leading to a significant enhancement in catalytic activity and stability for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Indeed, it shows 14.2 times higher and 140 mV lower in the respective turn‐over frequency (TOF) and overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 compared to W2C alone. To complement the experimental observation, the theoretical calculations demonstrate that the WCN endows more favorable hydrogen evolution reaction than the single W2C or WN crystals due to abundant interfaces, beneficial electronic states, lower work function, and more active W sites at the N–W–C interfaces.
Converting tests of fundamental social, cognitive, and affective processes into clinically useful bio‐behavioral markers for neurodevelopmental conditions
Authors: Loth Eva , Evans David W. 
Published: April 2019

Biomarker discovery has become a central topic in neurodevelopmental research. A validated biomarker could be any objective measure or test that has clinical utility for diagnostic, stratification, or predictive purposes, or that can be used to objectively measure therapeutic efficacy. Here we discuss the potential and challenges of converting tests of fundamental social, cognitive, emotional and motivational processes into clinically useful bio‐behavioral markers for neurodevelopmental conditions. Given the broad clinical and etiological heterogeneity of many neurodevelopmental conditions, we propose moving the focus from identifying group‐defining characteristics to creating cross‐domain bio‐behavioral profiles at the individual level. We outline steps to develop tests that reflect the relevant domains and that are comparable, engaging and sensitive across large age and ability ranges. Analytical validation of these tests requires creating age norms, and optimizing psychometric properties. Individual bio‐behavioral fingerprints of strengths and difficulties across domains can then be combined with multivariate approaches to identify “subgroups.” This may help researchers and clinicians to compare individuals with and without intellectual disability, track developmental stability versus changes, and facilitate family genetic studies. Clinical validation requires including these tests in multidisciplinary, longitudinal and/ or intervention studies to ascertain whether particular subgroups differ in terms of their etiology, clinical symptom profile, prognosis or therapeutic benefit. Potential advantages of bio‐behavioral tests over other biomarker methodologies, such as neuroimaging measures, include the low cost, ease of administration and analysis, low risk, and scalability through on‐line assessments or tablet applications.This article is categorized under:
Neuroscience > Development
Psychology > Theory and Methods
Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience
Neuroscience > Cognition
The role of leptons in electroweak baryogenesis
Authors: de Vries Jordy , Postma Marieke , van de Vis Jorinde 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe investigate the role of leptons in electroweak baryogenesis by studying a relatively simple framework inspired by effective field theory that satisfies all Sakharov conditions. In particular, we study the effectiveness of CP-violating source terms induced by dimension-six Yukawa interactions for quarks and charged leptons. Despite the relatively small Yukawa coupling, CP-violating source terms involving taus are quite effective and can account for the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry. We obtain analytical and numerical expressions for the total baryon asymmetry, the former providing important insight into what makes lepton CP violation relatively effective compared to quark CP violation. Leptons also play an important role if the CP-violating source involves top quarks. While the tau Yukawa coupling in the Standard Model is small, it significantly enhances the baryon asymmetry by transferring the chiral asymmetry in quarks, which is washed out by strong sphalerons, to a chiral asymmetry in leptons. We conclude that leptons should not be ignored even if CP violation is limited to the quark sector. The role of leptons can be further increased in scenarios of new physics with additional chiral-symmetry-breaking interactions between quarks and leptons, as can happen in models with additional Higgs bosons or leptoquarks. Finally, we study CP-violating dimension-six Yukawa interactions for lighter quarks and leptons but conclude that these lead to too small baryon asymmetries.
Electroweak baryogenesis above the electroweak scale
Authors: Glioti Alfredo , Rattazzi Riccardo , Vecchi Luca 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Conventional scenarios of electroweak (EW) baryogenesis are strongly constrained by experimental searches for CP violation beyond the SM. We propose an alternative scenario where the EW phase transition and baryogenesis occur at temperatures of the order of a new physics threshold Λ far above the Fermi scale, say, in the 100–1000 TeV range. This way the needed new sources of CP-violation, together with possible associated flavor-violating effects, decouple from low energy observables. The key ingredient is a new CP- and flavor-conserving sector at the Fermi scale that ensures the EW symmetry remains broken and sphalerons suppressed at all temperatures below Λ.
We analyze a minimal incarnation based on a linear O(N) model. We identify a specific large-N limit where the effects of the new sector are vanishingly small at zero temperature while being significant at finite temperature. This crucially helps the construction of realistic models. A number of accidental factors, ultimately related to the size of the relevant SM couplings, force N to be above ∼ 100. Such a large N may seem bizarre, but it does not affect the simplicity of the model and in fact it allows us to carry out a consistent re-summation of the leading contributions to the thermal effective potential. Extensions of the SM Higgs sector can be compatible with smaller values N ∼ 20–30.
Collider signatures are all parametrically suppressed by inverse powers of N and may be challenging to probe, but present constraints from direct dark matter searches cannot be accommodated in the minimal model. We discuss various extensions that satisfy all current bounds. One of these involves a new gauge force confining at scales between ∼ 1 GeV and the weak scale.
Impermissible Self-Rationalizing Pessimism: In Defence of a Pragmatic Ethics of Belief
Authors: Nottelmann Nikolaj , de Bruin Boudewijn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present an argument against a standard evidentialist position on the ethics of belief. We argue that sometimes a person merits criticism for holding a belief even when that belief is well supported by her evidence in any relevant sense. We show how our argument advances the case for anti-evidentialism (pragmatism) in the light of other arguments presented in the recent literature, and respond to a set of possible evidentialist rejoinders.
Productive Disciplinary Engagement in High- and Low-Outcome Student Groups: Observations From Three Collaborative Science Learning Contexts
Authors: Koretsky Milo D. , Vauras Marja , Jones Cheryl , Iiskala Tuike , Volet Simone 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study explored how productive disciplinary engagement (PDE) is associated with the level of cognitive activity and collective group outcome in collaborative learning across multiple contexts. Traditionally, PDE has been studied in a single collaborative learning environment, without analysis of how these environments fulfill the supporting conditions for PDE. In addition, research on the quality of a collective learning outcome and product in relation to the extent of the group’s PDE during actual collaborative learning processes is scarce. In this study, the learning processes of low- and high-outcome small groups were compared within three collaborative learning contexts: high school general science, second year university veterinary science, and fourth year university engineering. Two meaningful and self-contained phases from each context were selected for analysis. The same theory-based analytical methods were used across contexts. The findings revealed similar patterns in the high school science and second year university veterinary science data sets, where high-outcome groups displayed a greater proportion of high-level cognitive activity while working on the task. Thus, they could be distinctively perceived as high- and low-performing groups. These high-performing groups’ interactions also reflected more of the supporting conditions associated with PDE than the low-performing groups. An opposite pattern was found in the fourth year university engineering data set, calling for interpretation grounded in the literature on the nature and development of expertise. This study reveals the criticality of using comparable analytical methods across different contexts to enable discrepancies to emerge, thus refining our contextualized understanding of PDE in collaborative science learning.
Prenatal maternal vaginal inflammation increases anxiety and alters HPA axis signalling in adult male mice
Authors: Wang Huan‐Li , Pei De‐En , Yang Ri‐Dong , Wan Chang‐Lan , Ye Yan‐Mei , Peng Shan‐Shan , Zeng Qing‐Qin , Yan Yu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMaternal infection during pregnancy is known to adversely affect foetal development, but previous studies have rarely investigated the impact of gynaecological diseases during pregnancy on offspring during adulthood. Vaginitis is one of the most prevalent gynaecological diseases during pregnancy.MethodsThe effect of maternal vaginal inflammation on offspring was simulated by inducing maternal vaginal infection. We performed a transvaginal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in pregnant mice to induce vaginitis and investigated their offspring by means of behavioural tests and molecular and cellular measurements.ResultsBehavioural tests revealed that the offspring of mothers transvaginally injected with LPS exhibited sex‐dependent differences. Male offspring showed increased anxiety‐related behaviours, including reduced time exploring the open arm in the elevated plus maze test and light chamber in the light‐dark box test. Serum levels of corticosterone were increased in LPS male offspring, indicating activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. Corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) protein expression and c‐Fos positive cells were increased in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in LPS male offspring, which presented with an increased number of microglia.ConclusionThis study suggests that prenatal vaginal infection increases anxiety‐like behaviour in male offspring, possibly via activation of the HPA axis.
Carbonate and silicate weathering in glacial environments and its relation to atmospheric CO2 cycling in the Himalaya
Authors: Shukla Tanuj , Sundriyal Shipika , Stachnik Lukasz , Mehta Manish 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper presents new insights into the global carbon cycle related to CO2 consumption from chemical denudation in heavily glacierised Himalayan catchments. Data from previous studies of solute concentrations from glacierised catchments were reprocessed to determine the regional scale of CO2 consumption and solute hydrolysis. The results show that ~90% of the SO42− is derived from crustal sulphide oxidation and ~10% from aerosols and sea salts. However, HCO3− flux calculation estimates contribution from sulphide oxidation to carbonate dissolution (SO-CD) (~21%), similar to the contributions from silicate dissolution and simple hydrolysis (~21 and ~20%, respectively). Furthermore, the atmospheric CO2 consumption estimations suggests 10.6 × 104 mole km−2 a−1 (19%) through silicate weathering, 15.7 × 104 mole km−2 a−1 (28%) through simple hydrolysis, 9.6 × 104 mole km−2 a−1 (17%) through SO-CD reaction and 5.9 × 104 mole km−2 a−1 (11%) through carbonate carbonation reaction. Our solute provenance calculations clearly indicate that HCO3− production and CO2 consumption via silicate weathering reactions is balanced by the simple hydrolysis and coupled SO-CD process. This shows a counter mechanism operating in subglacial environments of the Himalaya as a source of CO2 to runoff rather than a sink.
ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: THE CASE OF CHINA
Authors: Xu Guangdong , Xu Wenming , Gui Binwei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChina's economic miracle has been achieved at considerable environmental cost. To fight against environmental pollution more effectively, the Chinese government established the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) in 2008. This study investigates the stock market reaction to this event and finds that, on average, listed firms in polluting industries experienced a statistically and economically significant negative abnormal return on the event date, which implies that the compliance costs of these polluting firms are expected to increase. In addition, this study finds that enterprises with different ownership styles and different political influence experienced different price reactions during the event window. More specifically, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in general experienced a less negative abnormal return over different event windows, and provincial SOEs perform much better than central SOEs and sub-provincial SOEs.
SHARIʿA AS TABOO OF MODERN LAW: HALAL FOOD, ISLAMOPHOBIA, AND CHINA
Authors: Erie Matthew S. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWhy is shariʿa the taboo of modern law? This article examines the “spread of halal” controversy in China as a window to assess how nativist public opinion influences state law and policy whereas state law is foreclosed to providing protection to rights provided for in shariʿa. Among Chinese Muslims (Hui), qingzhen (lit. “pure” plus “true”) or “halal” is the kernel of their localized shariʿa, and one that prohibits consuming pork. The symbol qingzhen has proliferated in the course of China's economic modernization such that it pervades the public sphere, creating anxiety among Han Chinese that Chinese society and government is becoming “Islamicized.” Hui fear that the profusion of qingzhen foments food insecurity and endangers truth in labeling. In response, they have sought greater protection for their diluted core symbol in national legislation—attempts which have only exacerbated Hui-Han relations. Based on observations from over seven years of field research and interviews with Hui legal entrepreneurs, and drawing from the anthropology of taboo, I explain the debate in China by taking the Hui idea of shariʿa as a taboo to reflexively think about how secular non-Muslim states regard shariʿa as the taboo of modern law.
The Household Workers of the East India Company Ports of Pre-Colonial Bengal
Authors: Chakraborty Titas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article examines the various experiences of slavery and freedom of female household workers in the Dutch and English East India Company (VOC and EIC, respectively) ports in Bengal in the early eighteenth century. Enslaved household workers in Bengal came from various Asian societies dotting the Indian Ocean littoral. Once manumitted, they entered the fold of the free Christian or Portuguese communities of the settlements. The most common, if not the only, occupation of the women of these communities was household or caregiving labour. The patriarchy of the settlements was defined by the labour and subjection of these women. Yet, domestic service to VOC/EIC officials only partially explains their subjectivity. This article identifies the agency of enslaved and women of free Christian or Portuguese communities in their efforts to resist or bypass the institution of the European household in the settlements. These efforts ranged from murdering their slave masters to creating independent businesses to the formation of sexual liaisons and parental/fraternal/sororal relationships disregarding the approval or needs of their settlement masters.
Kaumātua mana motuhake in action: developing a culture-centred peer support programme for managing transitions in later life
Authors: Simpson Mary Louisa , Greensill Hineiti-Moana , Nock Sophie , Meha Pare , Harding Truely , Shelford Pita , Hokowhitu Brendan , Oetzel John , Reddy Rangimahora 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNew Zealand's ageing population and health inequities for Māori (Indigenous peoples) have prompted calls for innovative, culturally based approaches to improving health and wellbeing, and managing transitions in later life. This is particularly important for kaumātua (Māori elders) who, despite cultural strength and resilience, carry a significant burden in health, economic and social inequities. This paper describes the culture-centred development of a ‘tuakana‒teina’ (elder sibling‒younger sibling) peer support education programme designed to help kaumātua support other kaumātua experiencing transitions in later life. Taking a strengths-based approach that highlights ‘kaumātua mana motuhake’ (elder independence and autonomy), the study used kaupapa Māori (Māori approach, knowledge, skills, attitudes and values) and community-based participatory research methodology, to develop and pilot a culture-centred tuakana‒teina/peer education programme. Methods included establishing two advisory groups (one of kaumātua and one of sector experts); holding five focus groups with kaumātua; and running a pilot programme with 21 kaumātua. The findings demonstrate the value in a strengths-based approach that centralises Māori culture and kaumātua potential, capacity and ability, and recognises the continuing value and contribution of kaumātua to society. The study helps shift the focus from dominant stereotypes of ageing populations as a burden on society and shows the value of kaumātua supporting others during transitions in later life.