bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking neuronal lineage and wiring specificity
Authors: Li Hongjie , Shuster S. Andrew , Li Jiefu , Luo Liqun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBrain function requires precise neural circuit assembly during development. Establishing a functional circuit involves multiple coordinated steps ranging from neural cell fate specification to proper matching between pre- and post-synaptic partners. How neuronal lineage and birth timing influence wiring specificity remains an open question. Recent findings suggest that the relationships between lineage, birth timing, and wiring specificity vary in different neuronal circuits. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the cellular, molecular, and developmental mechanisms linking neuronal lineage and birth timing to wiring specificity in a few specific systems in Drosophila and mice, and review different methods employed to explore these mechanisms.
Application of click chemistry in nanoparticle modification and its targeted delivery
Authors: Yi Gawon , Son Jihwan , Yoo Jihye , Park Changhee , Koo Heebeom 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Click chemistry is termed as a group of chemical reactions with favorable reaction rate and orthogonality. Recently, click chemistry is paving the way for novel innovations in biomedical science, and nanoparticle research is a representative example where click chemistry showed its promising potential. Challenging trials with nanoparticles has been reported based on click chemistry including copper-catalyzed cycloaddition, strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition, and inverse-demand Diels-Alder reaction.

Main body
Herein, we provide an update on recent application of click chemistry in nanoparticle research, particularly nanoparticle modification and its targeted delivery. In nanoparticle modification, click chemistry has been generally used to modify biological ligands after synthesizing nanoparticles without changing the function of nanoparticles. Also, click chemistry in vivo can enhance targeting ability of nanoparticles to disease site.

Conclusion
These applications in nanoparticle research were hard or impossible in case of traditional chemical reactions and demonstrating the great utility of click chemistry.
Radical Metalloids with N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Phenanthroline Ligands: Synthesis, Properties, and Cross-Coupling Reaction of [(Nitronyl Nitroxide)-2-ido]metal Complexes with Aryl Halides
Authors: Yamada Kiyomi , Zhang Xun , Tanimoto Ryu , Suzuki Shuichi , Kozaki Masatoshi , Tanaka Rika , Okada Keiji 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
New radical metalloids, NN-AuSIMes and NN-Cu(bdmpphen), were prepared and their properties were investigated. They were applied to Pd(0)-mediated cross-coupling reactions with aryl halides (ArX) to produce 2-aryl (nitronyl nitroxide)s in moderate to high yields.
Synthesis of Substituted Helicenes by Ir-Catalyzed Annulative Coupling of Biarylcarboxylic Acid Chlorides with Alkynes
Authors: Kamikawa Ken , Den Hiroakira , Tsurusaki Akihiro , Nagata Tomoya , Miura Masahiro 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A series of substituted [4] and [5]helicenes were synthesized in moderate to good yields by an Ir-catalyzed annulative coupling of biarylcarboxylic acid chlorides with internal alkynes, which involves facile C-H bond cleavage and decarbonylation. The double annulative coupling of 1,1′:5′,1′′-ternaphthalene-2,2′′-dicarboxylic acid dichloride with 4-octyne was also accomplished to give rise to an S-shaped double helicene. Unexpectedly, a π-extended benzofluoranthene-merged [5]helicene was constructed through the annulative coupling and the successive C(aryl)-C(aryl) bond forming reaction when 1,1′:4′,1′′-ternaphthalene-2,2′′-dicarboxylic acid dichloride was employed as the substrate. The crystal structure and the optical properties of the latter unique product were also investigated.
Negotiating Ethnic Difference in RestorationTravel Fiction
Authors: Bayer Gerd 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Following the skeptical attitude towards foreign nations and culturesduring the Renaissance, travel fictions during the English Restoration took amore liberal approach to ethnic difference. The anonymous novel Peppa (1689)artfully presents Western stereotypes about ethnic others as being based on falseassumptions and outright lies. A crucial scene in this cross-national love plot isbased on ethnic fakery, thereby presenting to its readers the constructedness ofnational and cultural identities. A second text example discusses John Dunton’sA Voyage round the World (1691), arguing that through its unusual form and theresulting openness it reveals the relativity of all cultural norms and nationalstereotypes. By presenting domestic scenes through the prism of colonialistderision, Dunton turns the tables on English nationalist discourse. Both textsthus invite their readers to confront national, ethnic, and cultural differencemore open-mindedly and be aware of the power of language and discourse toinfluence public opinion.
Euripides’ Medea und die stoischeAffektenlehre
Authors: Lindemann Anna 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
How does philosophy interact with literature? The reception of Medea’scentral monologue (lines 1019–1080) in Euripides’ homonymously titled tragedyshows how literature can generate philosophical conceptions. Medea, amythological and literary character, murders her own children in order to getback at her husband and rebuild her status and her notion of justice. Hercharacter and her actions have become different models for the opposed schoolsof platonic and orthodox stoic philosophers. A new historical reconstruction oflost stoic interpretations of Euripides’ tragedy, based on philosophical discussionsof the play and stoic theories of mind and action, allows us a new understandingof the debate, of the distinctions between platonic and stoic theories ofmind, and of the role that literature can play in developing philosophicaltheories.
Mario Domenichelli’s Lugemalé: Heart ofDarknesss revisited in Post-colonial Italy
Authors: Manai Franco 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Mario Domenichelli’s novel Lugemalé is set in the late 1980s and early2000s, between Rome and Somalia. The book follows the narrator,Valerio, as hereads, in the early 2000s in Rome, the typescript of a novel written by a friend,Tomas, before his mysterious death in Mogadishu. Tomas’ novel describes theevents which took place in 1989 at the end of the Siad Barre regime, when Italywas still committed to fulfilling its responsibilities as an ex-colonial power,through major projects of cooperative development. Both Valerio and Tomas wereemployed by the Italian government’s Development Cooperation Agency as lecturersat the University of Mogadishu. In his narration, Tomas merges his ownexperiences with Valerio’s, through the main characters of Gigi and Marco. In acomplex play of mirrors (a novel within a novel, a reading of a tale within the taleof a reading) that reveals the ambiguities and contradictions of both characters,Lugemalé is merciless in its judgment of the generation of Europeans whobecame the ruling class of the 1980s. Such a post-colonial adventure offers apowerfully alienating perspective for the representation, post res perditas, of the vanishing of that class’s commitment to changing the status quo and breakingwith a capitalist society based on the most depraved and egoistic consumerism.
The Grand Narrative Revisited;Contemporary Flemish Novelists Take Up theChallenge to Create Plots of the Flat World
Authors: van Rooden Aukje 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Both in literature and philosophy it is assumed that the beginning ofpost-modernity coincides with the end of the so-called grand narrative. Referringto Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe’s last book L’“Allégorie”, one could claim that sincethen, literary (re)presentation manifests itself as essentially ‘chronic’ and nonallegorical.Moreover, in the wake of Thomas Friedman’s The World is Flat thetwenty-first century is often referred to as an all-visible flat world. This flatness,however, both extends and challenges the postmodern end of the grand narrative.After all, a world without reverse might be particularly suitable for an allencompassingstory. This seems to be the conclusion drawn by the remarkableand comparable recent novels of three Flemish literary writers. Putting to the testexisting ideas of literary presentation of post-modernity, they return to the grandnarrative while at the same time subscribing to the main characteristics ofcontemporary literature.
Naturtherapie und Subjektreflexion: Der hohe Norden bei Judith Hermann und Anna Kim
Authors: Prutti Brigitte 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The article discusses the neo-romantic vision of Iceland in Judith Hermann’s travel story „Kaltblau“ (2003) and the essayistic portrait of postcolonial Greenland in Anna Kim’s travelogue „Invasionen des Privaten“ (2011). It compares the postmodern version of the Icelandic sublime with the sublime experience of Greenland’s ice sheet and juxtaposes the therapeutic aspects of contemporary nature tourism in Hermann’s story with the critical focus on questions of cultural identity in Kim’s essay.
“Who are these people?”: Anthropomorphism, Dehumanization and the Question of the Other
Authors: Park Sowon S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDiscussions of the animal have repeatedly examined both our epistemological desire and our epistemological insufficiency towards the non-human animal. In different ways Spinoza, Derrida, Nagel and Berger have shown that once the anthropomorphic layer of assumption has been peeled back, there appears the abyss of incomprehension between humans and the non-human animals. Yet the ‘abyssal difference’ does not address the scale or the scope of existing knowledge; it only points to the elusive and ultimate epistemological certainty, obscuring important distinctions between degrees and kinds of interspecies communication. This paper will consider the ground that is too often overlooked in arguments that appeal to the anthropomorphic fallacy. While we cannot share another species’ experience, we can, to some extent understand it through processes of inductive inference – that is anthropomorphism – and through studying it, broaden and deepen the ontological significance of both humans and animals. By looking at the process of humanizing the non-human as a basic cognitive method, this paper will argue that anthropomorphic reasoning can not only bridge the ‘abyss’ in crucial ways but have a powerful impact on animal ethics. Then it will link anthropomorphic reasoning to the process of othering – dehumanizing the human – and make salient the processes that inform the discursive and political practices of speciesistic and cultural hierarchization. Finally, it will examine representations of anthropomorphism, dehumanization and the construction of otherness in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide (2005), a novel which is based on the Morichjhani massacre of 1978–79, when animal rights came into conflict with human rights.
Le futur antérieur de Ce qui reste
Authors: Wohlfarth Irving 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWritten in 1978–79 and published shortly after the fall of the Berlin wall, Christa Wolf’s novella What remains records the interior monologue of a day in the life of a cautiously dissident writer under surveillance by the secret police. A latter-day Cassandra here asks herself what remains of the Communist project amidst its ongoing extinction. Subjected at the time to an ideologically motivated media campaign in West Germany, this report from a no man’s land – a No place. Nowhere – between East and West remains as valid under global capitalism as it was under Soviet communism. What remains is its search for political, existential and literary alternatives. Its botched reception ironically confirms W. H. Auden’s remark that we don’t read major literature: it “reads us”.
Die andere Enzyklopädie – Johann Fischarts Geschichtklitterung
Authors: Bulang Tobias 
Published: April 2018

AbstractJohann Fischart’s parody of encyclopaedic literature was first published in his German translation of Rabelais’ „Gargantua“ as „Geschichtschrift“ (1575), in later editions as „Geschichtklitterung“ (1582, 1590). The German author provides an astonishing number of catalogues, among them an exuberant list of ‚lusoria‘ (names of games and entertainments), which is with more than six hundred entries significantly larger than Rabelais’ famous catalogue of two hundred seventeen games. Within their literary and epistemical contexts, these catalogues indicate the anti-encyclopaedic character of Fischart’s novel. In their poetical excesses, they show Fischart’s efforts to obscure and transgress the rules of knowledge and knowledge-organisation, thus exposing the other side of encyclopaedic order.
“The same blinding void as before”: Irish Neutrality in Samuel Beckett’s nouvelles
Authors: Fernández José Francisco 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhen the Second World War ended, Samuel Beckett returned to his flat in Paris and set about writing. The experiences that he had gone through during the conflict (his subversive activities with the Resistance, his two-year period of hiding in Roussillon, his first-hand knowledge of the human cost of war as a hospital attendant in Saint-Lô) found their tortuous expression in the literary production that ensued. The Irish government’s official status as neutral over the previous five years was also a matter of concern for the exiled intellectual in Paris, and his opinions on this matter can be gleaned from a close reading of his nouvelles, particularly “The Calmative,” a narrative in which the blinding lights of the city of Dublin stand out as a disturbing element that demands an interpretation.
The changing functions of competing forms: Attraction and differentiation
Authors: Smet Hendrik De , D’hoedt Frauke , Fonteyn Lauren , Goethem Kristel Van 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe relation between functionally similar forms is often described in terms of competition. This leads to the expectation that over time only one form can survive (substitution) or each form must find its unique niche in functional space (differentiation). However, competition cannot easily explain what causes functional overlap or how form-function mappings will be reorganized. It is argued here that the changes which competing forms undergo are steered by various analogical forces. As a result of analogy, competing forms often show attraction, becoming functionally more (instead of less) alike. Attraction can maintain and increase functional overlap in language. At the same time, competing forms are analogically anchored to a broader constructional network. Cases of differentiation typically follow from the relations in that network. Evidence is drawn from the literature and from three corpus-based case studies, addressing attraction and differentiation in English aspectual constructions, English secondary predicate constructions, and in a pair of Dutch degree modifiers. Evidence is provided of a phenomenon competition-based accounts could not predict (attraction), and a solution is offered for one they could not very well explain (differentiation). More generally it is shown that the development of competing forms must be understood against their broader grammatical context.
OnsetCyand High Vowel Devoicing in Japanese
Authors: Hirayama Manami , Vance Timothy J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractJapanese has contrasts between onsets romanized as singletons andCyclusters (e.g.,kaku‘rank’ vs.kyaku‘guest’). It is uncertain whetherCyshould be treated as a distinctively palatalized consonant /Cy/ or as a /Cy/ cluster; the phonetic realization is compatible with either. A distributional argument favoring the /Cy/ analysis is the neutralization of the contrast before front vowels:Ci, Ce, *Cyi, *Cye; the absence of */Cyi/ and */Cye/ follows automatically from */yi/ and */ye/. In this paper, high vowel devoicing is used as a diagnostic to investigate this phonemicization issue. A production experiment was conducted, comparing the rates of vowel devoicing in words containingCu/iCandCyuCsequences (e.g.,maputavs.mapyuta). The devoicing rate was significantly lower inCyuCthan inCu/iC. This supports the cluster analysis /Cy/ (with the /y/ inhibiting devoicing) over the singleton analysis /Cy/ for the onset palatalized consonants of Japanese.
How native speakers of Japanese try to sound polite
Authors: Tsurutani Chiharu , Shi Shuju 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study examines phonetic cues used to express politeness in spoken Japanese. The tasks of producing polite and non-polite speech in two different types of sentences (a question and a polite imperative) and in attitudinal speech (a request and a decline) were used to examine various F0 and temporal aspects of polite speech. Eight sentences spoken by 18 native speakers were acoustically measured at both sentence level and sentence final mora level. It was found that Japanese native speakers generally use a slower speech rate and a breathy voice for polite speech, but not necessarily a high pitched voice or wider pitch range, even in the case of female speakers. The use of pitch was found to be attitude dependent, but was not affected by the sentence type. Clear gender differences were seen in various phonetic aspects. Some politeness strategies observed at individual level are also reported.
The crystal structure of 2-carboxybenzaldehyde-2-phenylacetohydrazone, C16H14N2O3
Authors: Peng-Fei Li , Chang-Qing Cao , Xi-Shi Tai 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
C16H14N2O3, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.7698(16) Å, b = 8.3020(17) Å, c = 12.197(2) Å, α = 92.94(3)°, β = 107.03(3)°, γ = 110.41(3)°, V = 694.6(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0582, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1683, T = 293(2) K.
Synthesis and ionic conductivity of siloxane based polymer electrolytes with pendant propyl acetoacetate groups
Authors: Mukbaniani Omari , Brostow Witold , Aneli Jimsher , Tatrishvili Tamara , Markarashvili Eliza , Chigvinadze Maia , Esartia Izabela 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Hydrosilylation reaction of 2.4.6.8-tetrahydro-2.4.6.8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4
H) with allyl acetoacetate at 1:4.1 molar ratios of initial compounds in the presence of platinum hydrochloric acid (0.1 M solution in THF), Karstedt’s catalyst (Pt2[(VinSiMe2)2O]3) and platinum on the carbon have been carried out and D4
R type compounds obtained. Reaction order, rate constants and activation energies for hydrosilylation reactions in the presence of Karstedt’s catalyst have been determined. Ring-opening polymerization reaction of D4
R in the presence of catalytic amounts of powder-like potassium hydroxide has been carried out. A linear methylsiloxane oligomer with regular arrangement of propyl acetoacetate groups in the side chain has been obtained. The synthesized methylorganocyclotetrasiloxane and oligomers were studied by FTIR, 1H, 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Comb-type oligomers were characterized by gel-permeation chromatography, wide-angle X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry. Solid oligomer electrolyte membranes have been obtained via sol–gel processes involving lithium trifluoromethylsulfonate (triflate) or lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The specific volumetric electrical conductivity of the membranes at room temperature covers a wide range, from 10−10 to 10−4 S · cm−1, and depends on the structures of grafted anion receptors and the polymer backbones. Higher values of the specific conductivity are seen for the membranes containing triflate.
Wireless peripheral nerve stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome type I of the upper extremity: a case illustration introducing a novel technology
Authors: Herschkowitz Daniel , Kubias Jana 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating painful disorder, cryptic in its pathophysiology and refractory condition with limited therapeutic options. Type I CRPS with its variable relationship to trauma has often no discernible fractures or nerve injuries and remains enigmatic in its response to conservative treatment as well as the other limited interventional therapies. Neuromodulation in the form of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion stimulation (SCS, DRGS) has shown encouraging results, especially of causalgia or CRPS I of lower extremities. Upper extremity CRPS I is far more difficult.

Objective
To report a case of upper extremity CRPS I treated by wireless peripheral nerve stimulation (WPNS) for its unique features and minimally invasive technique. The system does not involve implantation of battery or its connections.

Case report
A 47 year old female patient presented with refractory CRPS I following a blunt trauma to her right forearm. As interventional treatment in the form of local anesthetics (Anesthesia of peripheral branches of radial nerve) and combined infusions of ketamine/lidocaine failed to provide any significant relief she opted for WPNS treatment. Based on the topographic distribution, two electrodes (Stimwave Leads: FR4A-RCV-A0 with tines, Generation 1 and FR4A-RCV-B0 with tines, Generation 1), were placed along the course of radial and median nerves under ultrasonography monitoring and guided by intraoperative stimulation. This procedure did not involve implantation of extension cables or the power source. At a frequency of 60 Hz and 300 μs the stimulation induced paresthesia along the distribution of the nerves. Therapeutic relief was observed with high frequency (HF) stimulation (HF 10 kHz/32 μs, 2.0 mA) reducing her pain from a visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 7–4 postoperatively. Three HF stimulations programs were provided at the time of discharge, as she improved in her sensory impairment to touch, pressure and temperature at her first follow up visit. At 5-months she was able to drive, did not require opioids and allodynia disappeared.

Conclusions
In a case with difficult CRPS I involving upper extremity, a minimally invasive WPNS of radial and median nerves provided good symptomatic relief. The procedure was tolerated well and both electrodes remained in place without any adverse events.

Implications
In view of the very limited options currently available to manage CRPS, WPNS can be a promising therapeutic modality.
Endophytic Bacillus spp. from medicinal plants inhibit mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and promote plant growth
Authors: Ansary Waheda Rahman , Prince Ferdous Rezwan Khan , Haque Effi , Sultana Farzana , West Helen M. , Rahman Mahbubur , Mondol Abdul Mojid , Akanda Abdul Mannan , Rahman Mahfuz , Clarke Michele L. , Islam Tofazzal 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria that are also capable of suppressing plant pathogenic fungi play an important role in sustainable agriculture. There is a critical need for conducting research to discover, characterize and evaluate the efficacy of new strains of such bacteria in controlling highly aggressive plant pathogens. In this study, we isolated endophytic bacteria from medicinal plants of Bangladesh and evaluated their antagonistic capacity against an important phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Growth-promoting effects of those isolates on cucumber and rice seedlings were also assessed. Among 16 morphologically distinct isolates, BDR-2, BRtL-2 and BCL-1 significantly inhibited the growth of S. sclerotiorum through induction of characteristic morphological alterations in hyphae and reduction of mycelial dry weight. When cucumber and rice seeds were treated with these endophytic bacteria, seven isolates (BCL-1, BDL-1, BRtL-2, BRtL-3, BDR-1, BDR-2 and BBoS-1) enhanced seed germination, seedling vigor, seedling growth and number of roots per plant at a varying level compared to untreated controls. All isolates produced high levels of indole-3-acetic acid (6 to 63 μg/mL) in vitro. Two most potential isolates, BDR-2 and BRtL-2, were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis, respectively, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These results suggest that endophytic Bacillus species from native medicinal plants have great potential for being used as natural plant growth promoter and biopesticides in sustainable crop production.