bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Development and Communication of Absolute Environmental Sustainability Assessment Methods
Authors: Bjørn Anders , Richardson Katherine , Hauschild Michael Zwicky 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAn absolute environmental sustainability assessment (AESA) addresses whether a production or consumption activity can be considered environmentally sustainable in an absolute sense. This involves a comparison of its environmental pressure to its allocated environmental carrying capacity. AESA methods have been developed in multiple academic fields, each using their own set of concepts and terms with little communication across the fields. A recent growing interest in using AESA methods for decision support calls for a better common understanding of the constituents of an AESA method and how it can be communicated to scientific peers and to potential users.With this aim, we develop a framework for AESA methods, composed of a succession of four assessment steps and involving six methodological choices that must be made by the method developer or the user. We then use the framework to analyze and compare five selected AESA methods that focus on the release of phosphorus and nitrogen to the environment. In this manner, we show that the framework is able to systematically differentiate AESA methods that initially appear to be similar. Intended users of the framework include (1) method developers communicating new AESA methods to academic peers or potential method users and (2) researchers comparing a group of existing AESA methods and communicating their differences to their peers and to potential users looking for guidance on method selection.
Precision medicine in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Prasad R. B. , Groop L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Precision Medicine Initiative defines precision medicine as ‘an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment and lifestyle for each person’. This approach will facilitate more accurate treatment and prevention strategies in contrast to a one‐size‐fits‐all approach, in which disease treatment and prevention strategies are developed for generalized usage. Diabetes is clearly more heterogeneous than the conventional subclassification into type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Monogenic forms of diabetes like MODY and neonatal diabetes have paved the way for precision medicine in diabetes, as carriers of unique mutations require unique treatment. Diagnosis of diabetes in the past has been dependent upon measuring one metabolite, glucose. By instead including six variables in a clustering analysis, we could break down diabetes into five distinct subgroups, with better prediction of disease progression and outcome. The severe insulin‐resistant diabetes (SIRD) cluster showed the highest risk of kidney disease and highest prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas patients in the insulin‐deficient cluster 2 (SIDD) had the highest risk of retinopathy. In the future, this will certainly be improved and expanded by including genetic, epigenetic and other biomarker to allow better prediction of outcome and choice of more precise treatment.
Aroma and flavor characteristics of commercial Chinese traditional bacon from different geographical regions
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Zhang Xiao , Suo Huayi , Zhao Xin , Kan Jianquan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChinese traditional bacon (Larou) is a popular ethnic pork product produced in southern of China and yet sensory characteristics of this bacon are not well described. A highly trained, descriptive sensory panel identified and defined 13 flavor terms and 4 basic taste terms in 24 commercial Chinese traditional bacon from different geographical regions. Principal component analysis was used to map the scores obtained during the validation phase. Obvious differences were found among the three main Chinese traditional bacon from Guangdong, Hunan, and Sichuan. The developed attributes and references were successfully used by the trained panel to describe a wide range of Chinese traditional bacon samples.Practical applicationsChinese Traditional Bacon is a popular uncooked meat product, with dominant producing areas in Guangdong, Sichuan, Hunan, and Guizhou, among others. The lexicon was used to describe the aroma and flavor characteristics of commercial Chinese traditional bacon from different geographical regions. This information is useful for product developers, researchers, and technologists to understand the aroma and flavor characteristics of Chinese traditional bacon. They can use those attributes to determine key flavor compounds, to develop new products, modify other products, and study quality control and shelf‐life issues.
Melatonin‐deficient rice plants show a common semidwarf phenotype either dependent or independent of brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Authors: Lee Kyungjin , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMelatonin‐deficient rice with a semidwarf erect‐leaf phenotype was created by suppressing serotonin N‐acetyltransferase 2 (SNAT2). We generated an RNAi transgenic rice that suppressed tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), which encodes the first TDC enzyme committed step for melatonin biosynthesis in plants catalyzing the conversion of tryptophan into tryptamine, to determine whether other transgenic rice with downregulated melatonin biosynthetic genes exhibited the same erect‐leaf phenotype as the snat2 RNAi rice. The TDC RNAi rice produced significantly less melatonin than the wild type and exhibited a semidwarf phenotype, but no erect‐leaf phenotype was observed. In contrast, tryptamine 5‐hydroxylase (T5H) knockout Sekiguchi rice and caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase (COMT) RNAi rice seedlings were semidwarf phenotypes with erect leaves, as was the snat2 RNAi rice due to a melatonin deficiency. All RNAi rice plants showing erect‐leaf phenotypes had lower expression levels of the DWARF4 gene, which is a key enzyme for brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis, leading to lower BR levels than their respective wild types. Suppressing melatonin synthesis did not alter the contents of indole 3‐acetic acid (IAA), suggesting the irrelevance of melatonin deficiency to IAA biosynthesis. These data indicate that a semidwarf seedling is a common rice phenotype by the lack of melatonin synthesis with or without BR suppression in a melatonin biosynthetic gene‐specific manner.
Effect of the diets with pumpkin silage and synthetic β‐carotene on the carotenoid, immunoglobulin and bioactive protein content and fatty acid composition of colostrum
Authors: Halik Gabriela , Łozicki Andrzej , Koziorzębska Agata , Arkuszewska Ewa , Puppel Kamila 
Published: November 2018

AbstractForty Simmental cows were divided into four groups with 10 per group to investigate the effect of a transition diet supplemented with synthetic β‐carotene and natural carotenoid‐rich feed (pumpkin silage) on chemical composition of the colostrum. The control group (I) was fed grass and maize silage and supplemental concentrates, group II additionally received 400 mg/day/cow of synthetic β‐carotene, in group, III 40% DM of maize silage was replaced with pumpkin silage to increase β‐carotene intake by 400 mg in relation to group I, and in group IV 60% DM of maize silage was replaced with pumpkin silage without adjusting for β‐carotene. Colostrum was collected from the cows within 5 hr of calving to determine colostrum composition, the content of immunoglobulins and carotenoids, total antioxidant status (TAS), the content of some bioactive proteins and the composition of fatty acids. The study showed that the experimental diets had no effect on the gross composition of colostrum. The content of α‐carotene, β‐carotene and violaxanthin was significantly higher in group IV than in group I and that of lutein higher in group IV than in groups I and II. Total antioxidant status of colostrum in group IV was significantly higher than in group I. Groups III and IV were characterized by a higher concentration of immunoglobulin IgG in relation to group I. IgM level in groups II, III and IV was significantly higher than in group I and that in groups III and IV was also higher than in group II. The highest IgA concentration was observed in group IV and the lowest in group I. Lysozyme concentration was higher in group IV compared to groups I and II. The diets had no effect on the total content of SFA, MUFA and PUFA in colostrum.
Flip‐flop organization in the chloroplast genome of Capsosiphon fulvescens (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Kim Dongseok , Lee JunMo , Choi Ji Won , Yang Ji Hyun , Hwang Il‐Ki , Yoon Hwan Su 
Published: November 2018

To better understand organelle genome evolution of the ulvophycean green alga Capsosiphon fulvescens, we sequenced and characterized its complete chloroplast genome. The circular chloroplast genome was 111,561 bp in length with 31.3% GC content that contained 108 genes including 77 protein‐coding genes, two copies of rRNA operons, and 27 tRNAs. In this analysis, we found the two types of isoform, called heteroplasmy, were likely caused by a flip‐flop organization. The flip‐flop mechanism may have caused structural variation and gene conversion in the chloroplast genome of C. fulvescens. In a phylogenetic analysis based on all available ulvophycean chloroplast genome data, including a new C. fulvescens genome, we found three major conflicting signals for C. fulvescens and its sister taxon Pseudoneochloris marina within 70 individual genes: (i) monophyly with Ulotrichales, (ii) monophyly with Ulvales, and (iii) monophyly with the clade of Ulotrichales and Ulvales. Although the 70‐gene concatenated phylogeny supported monophyly with Ulvales for both species, these complex phylogenetic signals of individual genes need further investigations using a data‐rich approach (i.e., organelle genome data) from broader taxon sampling.
Combining potentially incompatible community datasets when harmonizing forest inventories in subarctic Alaska, USA
Authors: Smith Robert J. , Gray Andrew N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsPlant responses to disturbances and environmental variation can manifest in communities as compositional nestedness (i.e., one community is a subset of another) and/or turnover (two communities represent different compositional gradient spaces). Yet, different sampling designs can artificially give an illusion of such compositional differences among two datasets, making it problematic to harmonize them in multi‐species analysis. We test the prediction that sampling differences which increase beta‐diversity components (nestedness and turnover) among two vegetation datasets will decrease their exchangeability.LocationBoreal forests of Tanana River region, interior Alaska, USA.MethodsWe develop novel methods for comparing compositional variation among two datasets in nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination. Resampled NMDS establishes internal sampling variability for each dataset independently, and reciprocal NMDS determines external exchangeability when the two are mutually exchanged. We first compare simulated data with specified beta‐diversity differences, then evaluate two forest inventories based on local vs regional sampling designs in Alaska's boreal forests.ResultsAs simulated species turnover and nestedness increased, internal sampling variability remained essentially constant, but external exchangeability progressively declined. Species turnover (not nestedness) had the larger negative effect on exchangeability. Among the boreal forest inventories, internal sampling variability was relatively similar, and exchangeability was weakly moderate, but the regional inventory exhibited much better fit to broad‐scale environment. Species turnover (not nestedness) contributed the majority of beta‐diversity differences among the two forest inventories, suggesting that strong environmental gradients were unequally represented.ConclusionsSpecies turnover alters multivariate outcomes more drastically than species nestedness. Therefore, combining two vegetation datasets may be inadvisable when turnover prevails. Instead, a multi‐scale perspective, with separate but complementary forest inventory analyses, can portray local and regional variation at appropriate scales. Our method is tractable for assessing exchangeability of potentially inconsistent sampling designs, like those that are common in synthesis studies and long‐term ecological monitoring.
How chromosomal rearrangements shape adaptation and speciation: Case studies in Drosophila pseudoobscura and its sibling species Drosophila persimilis
Authors: Fuller Zachary L. , Koury Spencer A. , Phadnis Nitin , Schaeffer Stephen W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe gene arrangements of Drosophila have played a prominent role in the history of evolutionary biology from the original quantification of genetic diversity to current studies of the mechanisms for the origin and establishment of new inversion mutations within populations and their subsequent fixation between species supporting reproductive barriers. This review examines the genetic causes and consequences of inversions as recombination suppressors and the role that recombination suppression plays in establishing inversions in populations as they are involved in adaptation within heterogeneous environments. This often results in the formation of clines of gene arrangement frequencies among populations. Recombination suppression leads to the differentiation of the gene arrangements which may accelerate the accumulation of fixed genetic differences among populations. If these fixed mutations cause incompatibilities, then inversions pose important reproductive barriers between species. This review uses the evolution of inversions in Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis as a case study for how inversions originate, establish and contribute to the evolution of reproductive isolation.
Alterations of colonic sensitivity and gastric dysmotility after acute cisplatin and granisetron
Authors: Martín‐Ruíz Marta , Uranga José A. , Mosinska Paula , Fichna Jakub , Nurgali Kulmira , Martín‐Fontelles Mª Isabel , Abalo Raquel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin is a highly emetogenic antineoplastic drug and induces peripheral neuropathy when given in cycles. Granisetron, a 5‐HT3 antagonist, is clinically used to prevent chemotherapy‐induced nausea/emesis and abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome. The effects of cisplatin on visceral sensitivity and those of granisetron in the context of cancer chemotherapy are not well known.MethodsAdult male Wistar rats received two intraperitoneal injections 30 minutes apart: granisetron (1 mg kg−1)/vehicle and cisplatin (6 mg kg−1)/vehicle. Thereafter, nausea‐like behavior was measured as bedding intake for 4 hours, and gastric dysmotility was measured radiographically for 8 hours. Gastric weight and size were determined ex vivo and samples of the forestomach, corpus, ileum, and colon were obtained for histological analysis at 4 and 30 hours after cisplatin/vehicle. Visceral sensitivity was measured as abdominal contractions in response to mechanical intracolonic stimulation 2 hours after cisplatin/vehicle.Key ResultsCisplatin‐induced bedding intake and gastric dysmotility, and granisetron blocked these effects, which occurred in the absence of frank mucositis. Visceral sensitivity was reduced to a similar extent by both drugs alone or in combination.Conclusions and InferencesCisplatin‐induced bedding intake and gastric dysmotility were blocked by granisetron, confirming the involvement of serotonin acting on 5‐HT3 receptors. Unexpectedly, visceral sensitivity to colonic distension was reduced, to the same extent, by cisplatin, granisetron, and their combination, suggesting important mechanistic differences with nausea and gastric dysmotility that warrant further investigation.
Being acknowledged by others and bracketing negative thoughts and feelings: Frail older people's narrations of how existential loneliness is eased
Authors: Sjöberg Marina , Edberg Anna‐Karin , Rasmussen Birgit H. , Beck Ingela 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to describe how EL was eased, as narrated by frail older people.BackgroundExistential loneliness (EL) is an unavoidable part of the human condition. It is a complex phenomenon that has been described as disconnection from life. If EL is acknowledged in the care of older people, the experience of EL can be reduced.DesignIn this qualitative study, we used an exploratory and descriptive design.MethodsThe study was based on 22 narrative interviews with frail older people, 76 to 101 years old, who were receiving long‐term care and services. We analysed the data using conventional content analysis.ResultsBeing acknowledged by others, that is, being the focus of others' concern, eased the experience of EL, as did encountering intimacy and having meaningful exchanges of thoughts and feelings. Further, EL was pushed into the background and eased when participants could bracket negative thoughts and feelings, that is, when they could adjust and accept the present situation, view life in the rear‐view mirror, be in contact with spiritual dimensions and withdraw and distract themselves.ConclusionExistential loneliness can be eased by experiencing meaningful togetherness with others and oneself when something else comes to the forefront, pushing EL to the background. Frail older peoples' opportunities to ease EL may be facilitated by health care staff (HCS) providing person‐centred care and create possibilities for solitary time and meaningful togetherness.Implications for practiceIf frail older people's ongoing processes of adjusting and accepting their situation are understood and confirmed by people in their environment, for example, by nurses, family and friends, the experience of living a meaningful life can be supported, which, in turn, can ease EL.
Non‐IgE‐mediated gastrointestinal allergies—Do they have a place in a new model of the Allergic March
Authors: Meyer Rosan , Fox Adam T. , Chebar Lozinsky Adriana , Michaelis Louise J. , Shah Neil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe rise in food allergy has been described as the “second wave” of the allergy epidemic, with some developed countries reporting a prevalence of 10% of challenge‐proven food allergies. Recognition of the Allergic March has played a crucial role in identifying causality in allergic conditions, linking atopic dermatitis to food allergy and food allergy to other atopic disorders, thereby highlighting opportunities in prevention and the importance of early intervention. This publication will establish the value of weaving the less well‐understood, non‐IgE‐mediated food allergy into the Allergic March and mapping its progression through childhood and its associated co‐morbidities. The proposed non‐IgE‐mediated Allergic March highlights the concomitant presentation of gastrointestinal symptoms and atopic dermatitis as early presenting symptoms in confirmed non‐IgE‐mediated allergies and the later development of atopic co‐morbidities, including asthma and allergic rhinitis, similar to the IgE‐mediated Allergic March. This publication highlights recent observations of a link between non‐IgE‐mediated food allergy in early childhood and functional gastrointestinal disorders in later life and also the reported occurrence of extra‐intestinal manifestations at later ages. Although significant limitations exist in regard to the proposed evolution of the Allergic March model, the authors hope that this publication will influence the management of non‐IgE‐mediated gastrointestinal allergies and inform future research and interventions.
Neutrophilia and hyperamylasemia in patients with immediate food allergy
Authors: Kimura Mitsuaki , Ito Yasunori , Shimomura Masaki , Yoneda Kensuke , Naito Chie , Adachi Yuichi , Meguro Takaaki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPresently, little is known about the laboratory data several hours after oral food challenge (OFC) in patients with immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐mediated immediate food allergy (FA).MethodsOne hundred and twelve subjects who underwent OFC at the present institute between 1 June 2016 and 31 March 2018, were enrolled in this study. Changes in laboratory data several hours after OFC were examined.ResultsOFC was positive in 76 patients and negative in 36. Increase in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was significantly higher in OFC‐positive than in OFC‐negative subjects (median, 2,306/μL vs 637/μL; P < 0.00001). On multivariate regression analysis, a significant correlation was seen between neutrophilia and the development of gastrointestinal symptoms (t = 3.63; P < 0.001). Serum interleukin‐6 increased in 43.8% of the patients with marked neutrophilia and had a significant positive correlation with ANC (r = 0.64; P < 0.001). Serum amylase increased in 33.3% of the OFC‐positive patients and was >100 U/L (median, 642 U/L) in five patients in whom serum lipase also increased markedly (1,197 U/L). There was a significant negative correlation between increase in serum amylase and decrease in absolute eosinophil count (r = −0.36, P < 0.01).ConclusionsMarked neutrophilia was seen after OFC in patients with immediate FA presenting gastrointestinal symptoms, which may provide an insight into the relationship between symptoms and laboratory data. A considerable increase in serum amylase after OFC was also seen in patients with immediate FA, suggesting that the pancreas is a target organ for immediate FA.
Childhood dietary intake: Comparison between anorexia nervosa and healthy leanness
Authors: Kanayama Shunsuke , Sakai Chieko , Aoto Haruka , Endo Yuri , Minamimae Keiko , Katayama Takeshi , Nagaishi Jun‐ichi , Hanaki Keiichi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe number of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa is increasing. In addition, an increase in pre‐adolescent patients with premenarchal onset has also been recognized. Detection of the disease in childhood and adolescence, however, is not always easy because the symptoms are not characteristic during this period. This study was performed to investigate detection of anorexia nervosa in children/adolescents by comparing energy and nutrient intake between patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy thin persons.MethodsThe subjects consisted of 13 girls aged 14.4 ± 3.5 years with anorexia nervosa and 320 healthy girls aged 12.4 ± 1.3 years. Dietary intake was evaluated using a validated diet history questionnaire designed for children/adolescents. Daily energy and nutrient intake were expressed as a percentage of the age‐ and sex‐matched reference amount.ResultsHealthy lean (body mass index [BMI], <50th percentile) girls with an above‐average score for desiring thinness had higher fat and lower cereal intake, and a trend of lower carbohydrate intake. In contrast, patients with anorexia nervosa, compared with thin (BMI <5th percentile) girls, characteristically had significantly lower energy, fat, zinc, vitamin C, and confectionery intake.ConclusionsLean girls with an above‐average desire for thinness appear to restrict their energy intake by reducing their intake of carbohydrates such as cereals while maintaining a relatively high fat intake. In contrast, girls with anorexia nervosa avoided fat and had a preference for vegetables. This characteristic eating pattern could be a useful clue for detection of anorexia nervosa in thin children and adolescents.