bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Politica de Avaliação da Educação Superior: antecedentes históricos
Authors: Leite Sandra Maria Maria 
Published: November 2024

Este artigo contextualiza os antecedentes históricos da Política de Avaliação da Educação Superior no Brasil. Foram estudadas as primeiras experiências de um modelo de avaliação da qualidade da educação superior, com o Programa de Avaliação da Reforma Universitária (PARU) e posteriormente, outros exemplos de avaliações no país, como o Grupo Executivo da Reforma do Ensino Superior (GERES). Na sequência, descrevemos a instalação do Programa de Avaliação Institucional das Universidades Brasileiras (PAIUB), que foi a primeira tentativa de implantação de um sistema nacional de avaliação institucional da educação superior. Em 1996, foi marcado pelo desenvolvimento do Exame Nacional de Cursos (ENC), o “Provão”. No ano de 2004, ocorre a implantação do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (SINAES), que é formado por três processos avaliativos: a Avaliação Institucional; a Avaliação dos Cursos de Graduação e a Avaliação de Desempenho dos Estudantes.

Palavras-chave: Educação Superior, Política de Avaliação, Processos Avaliativos.
Analisis nilai gizi dan total bakteri asam laktat tempe probiotik
Authors: Kusuma Rio Jati , Ermamilia Aviria 
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Tempe merupakan makanan fermentasi kedelai khas Indonesia yang memiliki manfaat bagi kesehatan. Efek kesehatan dari tempe dapat ditingkatkan melalui penambahan bakteri probiotik menghasilkan tempe probiotik. Namun, belum ada yang evaluasi nilai gizi dan total bakteri asam laktat pada tempe probiotik. Tujuan: Untuk mengukur pengaruh penambahan bakteri probiotik terhadap kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, serat kasar dan karbohidrat serta bakteri asam laktat pada tempe probiotik. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain rancangan acak lengkap. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus ̵ November 2023, bertempat di Laboratorium Pengembangan Produk, Departemen Gizi Kesehatan UGM. Sampel yang dianalisis adalah tempe standar dan tempe yang disuplementasi dengan 1% (b/b) campuran bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum dan Streptococcus thermophilus (tempe probiotik). Kadar air, abu, protein, lemak dan karbohidrat dianalisis menurut metode AOAC. Kadar bakteri asam laktat diukur dengan menggunakan angka lempeng total dalam media MRS. Uji t tidak berpasangan dilakukan dengan α ditetapkan pada 95%. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, energi, dan total bakteri asam laktat pada kedua jenis tempe. Tempe probiotik memiliki kadar air dan total bakteri asam laktat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tempe standar. Kesimpulan: Penambahan bakteri probiotik pada tempe mempengaruhi nilai gizi dan total bakteri asam laktat.
A review of SRAM-based compute-in-memory circuits
Authors: Yoshioka Kentaro , Ando Shimpei , Miyagi Satomi , Chen Yung-Chin , Zhang Wenlun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a tutorial and review of Static Random Access Memory-based compute-in-memory (CIM) circuits, with a focus on both digital CIM (DCIM) and analog CIM (ACIM) implementations. We explore the fundamental concepts, architectures, and operational principles of CIM technology. The review compares DCIM and ACIM approaches, examining their respective advantages and challenges. DCIM offers high computational precision and process scaling benefits, while ACIM provides superior power and area efficiency, particularly for medium-precision applications. We analyze various ACIM implementations, including current-based, time-based, and charge-based approaches, with a detailed look at charge-based ACIMs. The paper also discusses emerging hybrid CIM architectures that combine DCIM and ACIM to leverage the strengths of both approaches.
Halal Medical Tourism and Reproductive Care and Services: An Overview of Malaysian Marketplace
Authors: A. Jamal Az Zahara , Bin Jamaludin Mohammad Aizat 
Published: November 2024

Medical Tourism is one of the most significant industries in a country. It attracts medical tourists due to the successful and effective medical technologies as well as cost-effective healthcare system of a given country. However, a significant need lies in channelling medical facilities to “Halal” or “Sharia-complaint” medical care and services especially when we speak about reproductive care and services (RCS), a sensitive and private aspect in a Muslim’s life since a Muslim’s life should be regulated on Islamic guidelines. Hence, the need of Halal Medical Tourism (HMT) is echoed and efforts are being made for its establishment and realization. This study focuses on providing an overview of Halal Medical Tourism (HMT) constituents and HMT’s role in rendering Halal or Sharia-complaint Reproductive Care and Services (RCS). This paper utilizes qualitative analysis in collecting the contents related to Halal medical tourism studies. The contents have been gathered based on library research. The contents are analyzed further, and the results show that Halal Medical Tourism is an integral aspect covering tangible (Halalan Tayyiban) elements of medicine from medical ingredients (pharmaceuticals), and medical devices to intangible (Sharia-compliant) aspects related to hospital (non-medical) services and facilities. This paper proposes that the processes of a certain medical care or service must also be directed for Halal or Sharia-compliance (i.e. shariah permitted processes and treatment) to build a robust structure of Halal Medical Tourism. RCS, if made sharia-compliant, can be one significant medical domain for the improvement and fast-growth of Halal Medical Tourism in Malaysia.
L’association des Gens d’Images et la photographie en France entre 1954 et 1985
Authors: Flore Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

Dans le contexte historique des « Trente Glorieuses », afin de développer la réflexion sur la nouvelle « civilisation de l’image » et de promouvoir l’utilisation du médium photographique en tant que moyen d’expression artistique, Albert Plécy, Raymond Grosset et Jacques Henri Lartigue fondent l’association des Gens d’Images le 15 octobre 1954. Encore active de nos jours, elle décerne depuis 1955 deux récompenses annuelles : le prix Niépce, consacrant l’œuvre d’un photographe français, et le prix Nadar, couronnant un livre photographique édité en France. Cet article retrace l’histoire des Gens d’Images, de ses origines jusqu’en 1985, afin de mesurer l’influence de cette association dans le champ photographique français, faisant ainsi ressortir certains acteurs, événements et réseaux jusqu’à présent méconnus qui participent à l’évolution du statut de la photographie en France en cette période.
Quels modes d’inhumation au temps des grandes mortalités médiévales et modernes ? Essai de typo-chronologie des structures d’enfouissement des victimes d’épidémies
Authors: Kacki Sacha , Tzortzis Stefan , Réveillas Hélène , Blanchard Philippe , Signoli Michel , Castex Dominique 
Published: November 2024

Les sépultures de victimes d’épidémies, bien qu’abondamment étudiées, n’ont jamais été intégrées à une réelle réflexion typo-chronologique. L’étude présentée pallie ce manque au moyen de l’analyse de données collectées dans la littérature archéologique. Fondée sur un large corpus (470 sépultures multiples issues de 59 sites européens des ve-xixe s.), l’analyse révèle la diversité des modes d’inhumation et leurs mutations au fil des siècles. Durant le haut Moyen Âge, les victimes sont souvent inhumées dans des tombes aux caractéristiques conventionnelles. Par la suite, l’emploi de grandes fosses ou tranchées se généralise et l’inhumation en pleine terre prédomine. À la période moderne, les dépôts de corps deviennent plus désorganisés et l’utilisation de matériaux prophylactiques se généralise. Pour autant, des contenants en bois sont ponctuellement employés et les corps sont fréquemment enveloppés dans des linceuls.
Des pistes pour une première typo-chronologie des sépultures du site de Maison Blanche à Pardines (Puy-de-Dôme), de la fin du iiie au vie siècle après J.-C.
Authors: Chabert Sandra , Chen Agathe , Debard Julie 
Published: November 2024

La nécropole de Maison Blanche à Pardines (Puy-de-Dôme) est connue depuis le début du xxe s. Les fouilles anciennes ont livré plus de 220 sépultures, datées de la fin de l’Antiquité (fin iiie-vie s.). En 2018, de nouveaux sondages ont permis de mieux comprendre les observations anciennes. Cinq principaux types de tombes sont répertoriés : le coffrage en matériaux périssables, le coffrage en dalles de pierre (ive et le vie s.), la tombe en bâtière (ve s.), le sarcophage (ve-viie s.) et le coffre en bois. Jusqu’au début du ve s., les sépultures s’accompagnent d’un dépôt de vaisselle puis seuls des éléments de parure ou des accessoires vestimentaires sont attestés.
Modes de construction durant l’Antiquité tardive à Bourges (Cher) au travers des trajectoires comparées de deux établissements agricoles récemment fouillés
Authors: Marot Emmanuel 
Published: November 2024

Les opérations d’archéologie préventive récentes ont permis d’explorer quasi in extenso deux villae de la proche campagne de Bourges : celle des “Boubards” (Saint-Germain-du-Puy ; fouilles Archeodunum et Service d’archéologie préventive de Bourges Plus) et celle de “l’Angoulaire” (La Chapelle-Saint-Ursin, fouille Bourges Plus). Si les deux possèdent une forme architecturale et une superficie comparables durant l’époque antique (villa de taille moyenne), leurs trajectoires durant l’Antiquité tardive et le haut Moyen Âge diffèrent : la première est abandonnée sous sa forme antique durant le iiie s. et s’organise vraisemblablement en habitat groupé avec des bâtiments sur poteaux aux ive-début ve s. ; la seconde perdure sous sa forme domaniale au moins jusque dans la première moitié du vie s., en réinvestissant les bâtiments maçonnés antérieurs. En revanche, toutes deux adoptent de nouveau la construction en pierre à partir de la fin du vie s. ou du viie s., avec l’apparition de bâtiments sur solins.Ces deux sites, et les quelques occurrences recensées localement parmi les autres établissements agricoles, ont ici été pris en exemple pour discuter de la continuité ou des ruptures dans les modes de construction en vigueur à et autour de Bourges durant l’Antiquité tardive, en lien direct avec la forme et le statut de leur habitat.
Les “fonds de cabane” de l’Antiquité tardive dans le nord de la région Centre-Val de Loire
Authors: Fournier Laurent , Rivoire Édith 
Published: November 2024

Au cours des trois premières années d’existence du Projet Collectif de Recherche AnTaReC (Antiquité Tardive en Région Centre), l’étude des modes de construction durant l’Antiquité tardive et le très haut Moyen Âge s’est particulièrement portée sur un type de vestiges qui réapparaît au cours de cette période : le fond de cabane. Cette construction semi-excavée est l’un des témoignages emblématiques des changements architecturaux intervenus au cours de la période. Le dépouillement de la documentation récente pour l’ensemble de la zone étudiée fait apparaître des différences nettes dans la distribution géographique et l’intensité du recours à cette construction. On en dénombre 112 exemplaires quasi exclusivement identifiés au nord de la Loire, et plus particulièrement dans les départements du Loiret et de l’Eure-et-Loir. Ce chiffre reste modeste et, si on le compare au contingent de ces constructions identifiées dans la partie nord-est de la Gaule, il apparaît comme un phénomène relativement marginal. Les différences observées dans le nombre des supports, la taille et la profondeur des fosses, les aménagements internes laissent augurer de fonctions différentes qu’il reste souvent difficile de préciser.
Les tombes rupestres de Touraine : caractérisation morphologique, technologique, topographique et chronologique
Authors: Morleghem Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Les tombes rupestres de Touraine peuvent être définies comme des fosses creusées sur toute leur hauteur dans un substrat rocheux homogène et compact – en général une roche calcaire dure –, le plus souvent depuis le sol de circulation, et dont la réalisation a nécessité l’usage d’un outillage et d’un savoir-faire similaires à ceux de la taille de pierre. Mais, dans quelle mesure la tombe rupestre peut-elle être considérée, en Touraine, comme un type de tombe spécifique ?
Stakeholders’ perspectives on competency-based education program in Africa: A qualitative study
Authors: Dube Barbara M. , Mtshali Ntombifikile G. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Competency-based education (CBE) is adopted to reform health professionals’ education. The goal is to produce graduates who are not only competent in their fields but also equipped with the necessary social accountability skills for safe practice.Aim: The study aimed to explore nursing education stakeholders’ perspectives on competency-based primary healthcare (PHC)-oriented nursing education programmes in the South African context.Setting: The setting for this study was a higher education institution in South Africa.Methods: A descriptive qualitative method was used in this study. After taking ethical clearance from the university ethics committee, data were purposively collected and theoretically sampled from 40 participants through focus group discussion, individual interviews and document analysis.Results: The data findings reported categories that emerged from this study, which include the attributes of a competency-based PHC-oriented programme and the outcomes of a competency-based PHC-oriented programme.Conclusion: In the context of this study, the concept of CBE was portrayed as a programme with strong social accountability that aims at addressing priority health needs surrounding communities and ensuring that the health needs of the community are met while providing health delivery service to communities in their natural environment.Contribution: These findings add to the growing evidence base around CBE as an approach to strengthen PHC-oriented health services in low- and middle-income countries, a key aspect of which is providing service within communities. This enables the accessibility of quality healthcare closer to where people live and work to achieve Sustainable Development Goal number three.
Analysing crab syndrome through the perspective of life history theory
Authors: Üzüm Burcu , Samancı Simge , Özkan Osman Seray 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This research aims to explain the relationships among crab syndrome, stress caused by uncertainty and organisational commitment (affective-continuance-normative) and explores unknown aspects of crab syndrome. Crab syndrome is a metaphor that depicts how emotions and personality are shaped, focusing on competition for access to resources in which others are viewed as threats.Design/methodology/approach: Research hypotheses were proposed and tested using structural equation modelling. Data were collected through an online questionnaire administered in the hospitality sector in Turkey.Findings/results: The results indicate a positive significant relationship between stress caused by uncertainty and crab syndrome. Crab syndrome has a positive significant impact on affective and continuance commitment. It mediates the relationship between stress caused by uncertainty and organisational commitment (affective-continuance).Practical implications: The theoretical framework draws on life history theory to address crab syndrome. Stress caused by uncertainty was a key factor affecting individual’s behaviours. Crab syndrome and organisational commitment are outcomes of stress caused by uncertainty. The results show hospitality employees can support their businesses in taking a step forward in competition. In addition, this research contributes to the extension of the crab syndrome literature. The longitudinal effects of variables could not be assessed because the study was cross-sectional in design. However, it only included the hospitality sector, and the convenience sampling method was used.Originality/value: This research expanded the existing crab syndrome literature and provided new contributions to research in the hospitality sector in the Turkish context.
Development and nutritional assessment of Ojas cookies using Ojaswini Churna and millet's flour
Authors: Singh Thakur Rakesh , Kumar Aman , Singh Yashika 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
The therapeutic efficacy of Ayurveda for chronic ailments and limitations of mainstream medicine has spurred an exploration of alternative interventions. This study is aimed to develop Ojas cookies by using Ojaswini Churna (Ayurvedic proprietary medicine) and millets flour along with its nutritional assessment.

METHODS:
Authentic botanicals, comprising Ayurvedic herbs and organic millet flours, were procured. Later, Ojaswini Churna was prepared following the Formulary of National Institute of Ayurveda (Deemed to be University) Jaipur. Subsequently, Ojas cookies were developed via three pilot methods using millet flour, followed by analytical assessment of organoleptic, physicochemical, nutritional, and microbiological parameters.

RESULTS:
The final formulation derived from pilot method 3 exhibited optimal palatability, adequate crispness, odor, and uniformity. Each Ojas cookie weighed 15 g and exhibited uniform circular shape with pleasant odor. Analytical profiling revealed the presence of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, dietary fiber, vitamins, calcium, and iron. Microbiological examination showed the absence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, yeast and mold, and coliform bacteria.

CONCLUSION:
This study aims to integrate Ayurvedic principles with contemporary nutritional insights. The conversion of Ojaswini Churna into macronutrient-enriched cookies aligns with the bakery industry’s growth and nutritional significance of millets, especially in the context of the International Year of Millets 2023. The conversion of Ojaswini Churna into Ojas cookies represents the convergence of traditional and contemporary approaches. Ojas cookies offer a promising avenue for addressing health concerns, highlighting the nutritional potential of millets.
Genomic Assessment of Resistance of Invasive Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Nandini Dhanapal , Manonmoney J , Subashini P 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are emerging and significantly increased in immunocompromised populations. These infections are the most commonly acquired by inhalation of spores and can be transmitted by percutaneous inoculation in cutaneous and subcutaneous infections. Candida and Aspergillus species remain the most common cause of invasive fungal infections including neutropenia, hematological malignancies, bone marrow transplantation, parenteral nutrition prolonged treatment with corticosteroids, chemotherapy, HIV infection, invasive medical procedures, and the newer immune suppressive agents.

Materials and Methods:
An observational study was carried out at SRM MCH&RC, Tamil Nadu, India, in January 2020. Invasive fungal infections were identified in conventional methods (KOH, Gram staining, culture, sugar assimilation, sugar fermentation, LPCB). Antifungal susceptibility testing was done as per standard guidelines; the resistant species were subjected to molecular testing to identify the gene.

Results:
Clinical samples are collected from the various departments (blood, pus, tissues, BAL, pleural fluid, and other body fluids). Out of 110 clinical samples, 16 samples were positive for yeast infections and five were positive for moulds. Eighty-nine samples were negative for fungal infection. Among yeast isolates, Candida tropicalis (37%) was the most common in the study population, followed by C albicans (25%), C krusei (19%), C.glabrata (13%), and C.parapsilosis (6%). Among the filamentous fungi, all the isolates were present in the same prevalence. Some of the Candida spp. were found to be resistant to amphotericin B (2), fluconazole (2), and itraconazole (1). All moulds were found to be sensitive to the tested antifungals by microbroth dilution methods. Among the resistant Candida, spp.ERG11 gene was found to be common.

Conclusion:
We observed that the early detection of etiological agents by microscopy and culture and prompt initiation of antifungal therapy can aid in the reduction of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients.
Early safety and efficacy outcomes of the PAUL glaucoma implant in a Spanish population: A retrospective study
Authors: Labay-Tejado Sara , Ventura-Abreu Néstor , Porto-Castro Sofía , Castellarnau Ainhoa D. , Muniesa M. Jesús , Millá Elena , Pazos Marta 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the PAUL glaucoma implant (PGI) in refractory glaucoma patients, during the early postoperative period.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective, cohort study of patients that had received a PGI between February 2022 and December 2023. An intraluminal polypropylene suture was placed to prevent early hypotony in all cases. Demographics, intraocular pressure (IOP), and medication variation were evaluated for up to 6 months. The success rate was stratified into <18 mmHg and 30% from baseline or <15 mmHg and 40% IOP reduction. The safety outcomes were also analyzed.

RESULTS:
Sixteen eyes from 16 patients were included in the analysis. Fifteen of them had had a previous surgical glaucoma procedure. At 6 months, IOP decreased from 26.6 (±6.2) to 15.3 (±4.6) mmHg, with fewer glaucoma medications, from a median (interquartile range) of 3 (2–3) – 1.5 (0–2) (P < 0.005). Twelve (75%) and seven (43.8%) eyes met the qualified and complete success definition for the first category, and eight (50%) and four (25%) met the second criterion. One case with self-limiting choroidal detachments, but >6 mmHg IOP was found in our cohort.

CONCLUSION:
The PGI seems to be safe and effective from the early postoperative period. The IOP reduction rate could make it suitable for patients with refractory moderate-to-advanced glaucoma.
An Outpost of Russian Statehood in the North‑West Caucasus
Authors: Ktitorov Sergey N. , Pelikh Alexey L. , Kovalenko Nikolay S. 
Published: November 2024

The article examines the history of one of the most important centers of the formation of the Russian frontier in the Northwestern Caucasus in the late 18th – mid 19th centuries, namely, the fortress Prochnyj Okop founded in 1784. The authors analyze the circumstances of the fortress construction and its role during the Caucasian War when it served as an important administrative, communications and logistics centre. Prochnyj Okop served as a residence for the leadership of the Kuban and the Right Flank of the Caucasian line playing the role of a starting point and the main base of the military Cossack colonization of the territories of the Kuban. Large combined units were assembled here. Negotiations with the leaders of the highlanders were held in the fortress. At the same time, the fortress was also a major trading center since 1821, both for the Russians and for the highlanders. The past of Prochnyj Okop is closely connected with a galaxy of names of outstanding Russians. The detailed plan of the fortress of 1803, as well as the materials of the technical survey of the fortress of the Prochnyj Okop in 1925, are being introduced into scientific circulation. The authors argue that the main historical significance of the fortress Prochnyj Okop lies in the fact that it became the original core of the formation of a whole system of new settlements. The Cossack village of Prochnookopskaya, the soldier settlement of Forshtadt, Nogai Kaplanovskij and Cherkessky Vol’nyj villages were founded in the fortress district. An Armenian village, the future Armavir, was founded under the protection of Prochnyj Okop fortress. The article is addressed to readers interested in the history of the exploration of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire in the 18th – 19th centuries.