bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pluto's Interaction With Energetic Heliospheric Ions
Authors: Kollmann P. , Hill M. E. , Allen R. C. , McNutt R. L. , Brown L. E. , Barnes N. P. , Delamere P. , Clark G. , Andrews G. B. , Salazar N. , Westlake J. , Romeo G. , Vandegriff J. , Kusterer M. , Smith D. , Nelson K. , Jaskulek S. , Decker R. B. , Cheng A. F. , Krimigis S. M. , Lisse C. M. , Mitchell D. G. , Weaver H. A. , Elliott H. A. , Fattig E. , Gladstone G. R. , Valek P. W. , Weidner S. , Kammer J. , Bagenal F. , Horanyi M. , Kaufmann D. , Harch A. , Olkin C. B. , Piquette M. R. , Spencer J. R. , Young L. A. , Ennico K. , Summers M. E. , Stern S. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPluto energies of a few kiloelectron volts and suprathermal ions with tens of kiloelectron volts and above. We measure this population using the Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI) instrument on board the New Horizons spacecraft that flew by Pluto in 2015. Even though the measured ions have gyroradii larger than the size of Pluto and the cross section of its magnetosphere, we find that the boundary of the magnetosphere is depleting the energetic ion intensities by about an order of magnitude close to Pluto. The intensity is increasing exponentially with distance to Pluto and reaches nominal levels of the interplanetary medium at about 190RP distance. Inside the wake of Pluto, we observe oscillations of the ion intensities with a periodicity of about 0.2 hr. We show that these can be quantitatively explained by the electric field of an ultralow‐frequency wave and discuss possible physical drivers for such a field. We find no evidence for the presence of plutogenic ions in the considered energy range.
Analytical Model for Heat Transfer Accounting for Both Conduction and Dispersion in Aquifers With a Robin‐Type Boundary Condition at the Injection Well
Authors: Lin Ye‐Chen , Hu Ting‐Fang , Yeh Hund‐Der 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the past, the analytical model developed for a radially divergent heat flow in an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system considers only the process of either thermal conduction or thermal dispersion. In addition, the existing models commonly regarded the inner boundary at the injection well as the constant‐temperature condition, which does not meet the continuity condition of heat flux at the wellbore. We herein propose an analytical model for a realistic representation of heat flow in an ATES system by considering the effects of both thermal conduction and thermal dispersion in the heat transfer equation and a Robin‐type boundary condition at the injection well. The model consists of three heat flow equations depicting the temperature distributions in the confined aquifer and its underlying and overlying rocks. The Laplace transform method is applied to solve the proposed model. The solutions for the cases of dispersion‐ and conduction‐dominant flow fields are also developed and discussed. Comparisons between the present solutions with five existing solutions developed for similar heated water injection problems are made. A global sensitivity method is also performed to analyze the thermal response to the change in each of the aquifer parameters. Finally, our solution is validated through the comparison with the finite difference solution and observed data from an ATES experiment site in Mobile, Alabama.
Buffering of cytosolic calcium plays a neuroprotective role by preserving the autophagy-lysosome pathway during MPP+-induced neuronal death
Authors: Jung Shinae , Chung Yuhyun , Lee Yunsoo , Lee Yangsin , Cho Jin Won , Shin Eun-Joo , Kim Hyoung-Chun , Oh Young J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with no cure. Calbindin, a Ca2+-buffering protein, has been suggested to have a neuroprotective effect in the brain tissues of PD patients and in experimental models of PD. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced culture models of PD, the buffering of cytosolic Ca2+ by calbindin-D28 overexpression or treatment with a chemical Ca2+ chelator reversed impaired autophagic flux, protecting cells against MPP+-mediated neurotoxicity. When cytosolic Ca2+ overload caused by MPP+ was ameliorated, the MPP+-induced accumulation of autophagosomes decreased and the autophagic flux significantly increased. In addition, the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and p62-positive ubiquitinated protein aggregates, following MPP+ intoxication, was alleviated by cytosolic Ca2+ buffering. We showed that MPP+ treatment suppressed autophagic degradation via raising the lysosomal pH and therefore reducing cytosolic Ca2+ elevation restored the lysosomal pH acidity and normal autophagic flux. These results support the notion that functional lysosomes are required for Ca2+-mediated cell protection against MPP+-mediated neurotoxicity. Thus, our data suggest a novel process in which the modulation of Ca2+ confers neuroprotection via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This may have implications for the pathogenesis and future therapeutic targets of PD.
Association between risk factors of metabolic syndrome with lung function
Authors: Lee Yi-Yen , Tsao Yu-Chung , Yang Chih-Kai , Chuang Chung-Hsun , Yu Wei , Chen Jih-Chang , Li Wen-Cheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background/Objectives
Increased evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is correlated with lung function impairment. This study aimed to explore the associations between MetS risk factors and the lung function.

Subjects/Methods
The cross-sectional study included 6945 participants attending health examination between 2010 and 2012 in Taiwan. MetS was assessed according to the criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program III. Spirometric parameters were measured to define lung function. The relationships were tested using multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses.

Results
The prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in males (16.2%) than females (3.8%). Although the prevalence of restrictive lung disease (RLD) was comparable between genders (20.7 and 21.0%), males with co-existent MetS had a higher prevalence of RLD than females (27.4 vs. 18.0%). Abdominal obesity, indicated by waist circumference (WC) and weight-to-height ratio (WHtR), was the most significant factor associated with lung function decline. Other components of MetS also showed statistically significant relationships, but very weak, with lung function. There was a trend toward an increased prevalence of RLD with the increasing number of MetS scores in males, independent of age, smoking, and body mass index.

Conclusions
Abdominal obesity was the key component of MetS associated with mechanical effect on lung function impairment in a prime-age adult population. Although RLD was not associated with increased probability of having MetS, the participants with more MetS scores were at a higher risk of losing lung function.
Problematic drinking in the old and its association with muscle mass and muscle function in type II diabetes
Authors: Buchmann Nikolaus , Spira Dominik , König Maximilian , Norman Kristina , Demuth Ilja , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProblematic drinking behavior is common in the old and negative consequences of hypoglycemic episodes in type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a result of alcohol consumption have been described previously. Although, associations between such hypoglycemic episodes with reduced muscle mass are discussed, it is uncertain if problematic drinking behavior drives decline of muscle mass and/or muscle function. In the current study, we analyzed data of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) to examine the association of problematic drinking behavior with muscle mass and grip strength in T2D. Cross-sectional data of 1451 old BASE-II participants (51.6% women; 60–84 years old) were analyzed. Problematic drinking behavior was assessed using the Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT). Muscle mass was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), grip strength using a Smedley dynamometer. Adjusted regression models were calculated to assess the association of problematic drinking with muscle mass and grip strength. Problematic drinking was evident in 11.2% of BASE-II participants and in 12.5% of BASE-II participants diabetes was evident. In the fully adjusted model (adjusted for age, trunk fat mass, HbA1c, antidiabetic medication, TSH, CRP, testosterone, physical inactivity, depression (GDS-score), morbidities, smoking status and total energy intake/day, we found a statistically significant association between problematic drinking and muscle mass (β-3.7, SE: 1.3, R2 0.481, partial eta square 0.166, observed power 0.816, p-value 0.005) and grip strength (β-8.1, SE: 3.3, R2 0.222, partial eta square 0.134, observed power 0.670, p-value 0.018) in old diabetic men. These associations were not evident in women and subjects without T2D. Problematic drinking behavior was associated with lower muscle mass and grip strength in old men with diabetes. This topic should be addressed in these subjects as they could be at increased risk for early functional decline, sarcopenia or frailty.
Mechanism of Interleukin-4 Reducing Lipid Deposit by Regulating Hormone-Sensitive Lipase
Authors: Shiau Ming-Yuh , Chuang Pei-Hua , Yang Ching-Ping , Hsiao Chiao-Wan , Chang Shu-Wen , Chang Kai-Yun , Liu Tsung-Ming , Chen Huan-Wen , Chuang Cheng-Chieh , Yuan Sheau-Yun , Chang Yih-Hsin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that inflammation participates in the pathophysiological progress from insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic abnormalities, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our previous study reveals that interleukin-4 (IL-4) inhibits adipogenesis and promotes lipolysis to decrease lipid deposits by enhancing the activity of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). The present study further dissects and characterizes the molecular mechanism of IL-4 in regulating HSL expression and lipolytic activity in the terminal differentiated 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Our results showed that IL-4 increased cAMP which then enhanced PKA activity and subsequent phosphorylation of HSL and perilipin. The phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) translocated from cytoplasm to the surface of lipid droplets and exhibited lipolytic function. After being phosphorylated, p-perilipin also facilitated lipolysis through interacting with p-HSL. The in vitro findings were further verified by in vivo study in which IL-4 exhibited pro-lipolytic activity and enhanced HSL activity. In summary, the net outcome of IL-4 treatment is to reduce lipid storage by promoting lipolysis through enhancing HSL activity via cAMP/PKA pathway, the major route leading to lipolysis.
Serum Albumin, but not Bilirubin, is Associated with Diabetic Chronic Vascular Complications in a Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Population
Authors: Zhu Yu , Cai Xiaoling , Liu Yan , Hu Mengdie , Zhou Lingli , Liu Wei , Wu Jing , Zhang Rui , Gao Xueying , Yang Wenjia , Zhang Simin , Gong Siqian , Luo Yingying , Li Meng , Gao Leili , Chen Ling , Chen Jing , Huang Xiuting , Ren Qian , Zhang Xiuying , Zhou Xianghai , Han Xueyao , Ji Linong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo identify the factors associated with serum total bilirubin (STB) and determine whether STB is independently associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) or diabetic kidney disease (DKD), 1,665 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (248 outpatients newly diagnosed with T2DM [NDM] and 1,417 inpatients previously diagnosed with T2DM [PDM]) were studied. Clinical and biochemical information was collected, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6704078) of the UGT1A1 gene was genotyped in 1,059 individuals. Multiple linear regression showed that STB was associated with haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, and serum triglyceride concentration in NDM and PDM patients, and with serum albumin, duration of diabetes, and smoking in PDM patients. In patients with PDM, multiple logistic regression revealed that serum albumin was associated with DR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87–0.96, p = 0.001) and DKD (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.98, p = 0.005) after adjustment for STB, STB-related factors, and risk factors for DR and DKD. In addition, patients with the T allele of rs6704078 had higher STB (13.2 [10.4–17.9] μmol/L versus 11.8 (9.4–14.8) μmol/L; p < 0.001) and similar risks of DR or DKD to those without the T allele. Thus, serum albumin, but not STB, is associated with DR and DKD.
Statin treatment after acute coronary syndrome: Adherence and reasons for non-adherence in a randomized controlled intervention trial
Authors: Huber Daniel , Wikén Christian , Henriksson Robin , Söderström Lars , Mooe Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStudies of secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease show low fulfilment of guideline-recommended targets. This study explored whether nurse-led follow-up could increase adherence to statins over time and reasons for discontinuation. All patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome at Östersund hospital between 2010–2014 were screened for the randomized controlled NAILED-ACS trial. The trial comprises two groups, one with nurse-led annual follow-up and medical titration by telephone to reach set intervention targets and one with usual care. All discontinuations of statins were recorded prospectively for at least 36 months and categorized as avoidable or unavoidable. Kaplan-Meier estimates were conducted for first and permanent discontinuations. Predictors for discontinuation were analysed using multivariate Cox regression, statin type and mean LDL-C at end of follow-up. Female gender was a predictor for discontinuation. Allocation in the intervention group predicted increased risk for a first but decreased risk for permanent discontinuation. A nurse-led telemedical secondary prevention programme in a relatively unselected ACS cohort leads to increased adherence to statins over time, greater percentage on potent treatment and lower LDL-C compared to usual care. An initially increased tendency toward early discontinuation in the intervention group stresses the importance of a longer duration of structured follow-up.
Messenger RNA translation enhancement by immune evasion proteins: a comparative study between EKB (vaccinia virus) and NS1 (influenza A virus)
Authors: Liu Yi , Chin Jas Min , Choo En Lin , Phua Kyle K. L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we compared vaccinia virus derived monofunctional E3, K3 and B18R (also known as EKB) with influenza A virus derived multifunctional non-structural protein 1 (NS1) based on their ability to enhance mRNA translation. EKB and NS1-TX91 were all found to enhance mRNA translation and suppress interferon production, yet level of enhancement by EKB was much lower than NS1-TX91. Similarly, greater luciferase expression was mediated by co-delivery of unmodified luciferase with NS1 mRNA, compared to co-delivery of unmodified luciferase with either E3, K3 or B18R mRNA, respectively. Different combinations of E3, K3 and/or B18R mRNA were mixed with NS1-TX91 mRNA at varying ratios and co-delivered with luciferase mRNA. However, no synergism was observed as mRNA translation enhancement mediated by NS1-TX91 could not be improved by the inclusion EKB in all tested combinations. Lastly, it was found that E3 was able to rescue mRNA translation enhancement mediated by NS1 PKR knockout mutant (PR8PKR−), suggesting that one of NS1’s multiple immune evasion mechanisms overlapped with E3. Altogether, our data validated mRNA translation enhancement mediated by immune evasion proteins (EKB and NS1) and showed that the multifunctional nature of NS1 accounted for its superior performance.
The anti-tumor function of the IKK inhibitor PS1145 and high levels of p65 and KLF4 are associated with the drug resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Lung Hong Lok , Kan Rebecca , Chau Wai Yin , Man On Ying , Mak Nai Ki , Fong Chun Hung , Shuen Wai Ho , Tsao Sai Wah , Lung Maria Li 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe and others have previously shown that the canonical nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway is essential to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumor development and angiogenesis, suggesting that the NF-κB pathway, including its upstream modulators and downstream effectors, are potential therapeutic targets for NPC. The inhibitor of upstream IκB kinase (IKK), PS1145, is a small molecule which can specifically inhibit the IκB phosphorylation and degradation and the subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB. The present study aims to determine the anti-tumor activity of PS1145 on NPC. Our results showed that PS1145 significantly inhibited the growth of tumorigenic NPC cell lines, but not in the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line. Results in the in vivo study showed that low concentration of PS1145 (3 mg/kg) could significantly suppress the subcutaneous tumor formation in the nude mice bearing NPC xenografts. Apparent adverse effects were not observed in the animal study. Drug resistance against PS1145 seems to be associated with the increased levels of active NF-kB p65 and change of expression levels of kruppel-like factor 4. As can be seen, PS1145 appears to be a safe agent for animal experiments and its effects are tumor-specific, and the proteins associated with the drug resistance of PS1145 are implied.
Diaphragm function does not independently predict exercise intolerance in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension after adjustment for right ventricular function
Authors: Spiesshoefer Jens , Herkenrath Simon , Mohr Michael , Randerath Winfired , Tuleta Izabela , Diller Gerhard Paul , Emdin Michele , Young Peter , Henke Carolin , Florian Anca Rezeda , Yilmaz Ali , Boentert Matthias , Giannoni Alberto 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Several determinants of exercise intolerance in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to pulmonary arterial hypertension and/or chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) have been suggested, including diaphragm dysfunction. However, these have rarely been evaluated in a multimodal manner. Methods: Forty-three patients with PH (age 58 ± 17 years, 30% male) and 43 age- and gender-matched controls (age 54 ± 13 years, 30% male) underwent diaphragm function (excursion and thickening) assessment by ultrasound, standard spirometry, arterial blood gas analysis, echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), assay of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to evaluate right ventricular systolic ejection fraction (RVEF). Exercise capacity was determined using the 6-min walk distance (6MWD). Results: Excursion velocity during a sniff maneuver (SniffV, 4.5 ± 1.7 vs. 6.8 ± 2.3 cm/s, P&lt;0.01) and diaphragm thickening ratio (DTR, 1.7 ± 0.5 vs. 2.8 ± 0.8, P&lt;0.01) were significantly lower in PH patients versus controls. PH patients with worse exercise tolerance (6MWD &lt;377 vs. ≥377 m) were characterized by worse SniffV, worse DTR, and higher NT-pro-BNP levels as well as by lower arterial carbon dioxide levels and RVEF, which were all univariate predictors of exercise limitation. On multivariate analysis, the only independent predictors of exercise limitation were RVEF (r = 0.47, P=0.001) and NT-proBNP (r = −0.27, P=0.047). Conclusion: Patients with PH showed diaphragm dysfunction, especially as exercise intolerance progressed. However, diaphragm dysfunction does not independently contribute to exercise intolerance, beyond what can be explained from right heart failure.
The Tinnitus Retraining Therapy Trial's Standard of Care Control Condition: Rationale and Description of a Patient-Centered Protocol
Authors: Erdman Sue Ann , Scherer Roberta W. , Sierra-Irizarry Benigno , Formby Craig 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe selection and design of control conditions are critical factors in minimizing the influence of unwanted variables in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This article describes the rationale, design, and content of a standard of care control condition in a Phase III RCT of tinnitus retraining therapy.MethodExisting tinnitus practices at military hospitals were identified and aligned with theAmerican Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (2006)preferred practice patterns for tinnitus management and counseling and embedded in a patient-centered protocol to ensure uniformity and treatment fidelity.ResultsFor those involved in the design of behavioral RCTs, the article identifies options and methods to consider in the selection and design of control conditions.ConclusionFor those who provide tinnitus services, the standard of care protocol developed for the tinnitus retraining therapy trial constitutes a patient-centered approach to intervention that can be implemented clinically.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9342503
Bang for Your Buck: A Single-Case Experimental Design Study of Practice Amount and Distribution in Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Maas Edwin , Gildersleeve-Neumann Christina , Jakielski Kathy , Kovacs Nicolette , Stoeckel Ruth , Vradelis Helen , Welsh Mackenzie 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine 2 aspects of treatment intensity in treatment for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS): practice amount and practice distribution.

Method
Using an alternating-treatments single-subject design with multiple baselines, we compared high versus low amount of practice, and massed versus distributed practice, in 6 children with CAS. Conditions were manipulated in the context of integral stimulation treatment. Changes in perceptual accuracy, scored by blinded analysts, were quantified with effect sizes.

Results
Four children showed an advantage for high amount of practice, 1 showed an opposite effect, and 1 showed no condition difference. For distribution, 4 children showed a clear advantage for massed over distributed practice post treatment; 1 showed an opposite pattern, and 1 showed no clear difference. Follow-up revealed a similar pattern. All children demonstrated treatment effects (larger gains for treated than untreated items).

Conclusions
High practice amount and massed practice were associated with more robust speech motor learning in most children with CAS, compared to low amount and distributed practice, respectively. Variation in effects across children warrants further research to determine factors that predict optimal treatment conditions. Finally, this study adds to the evidence base supporting the efficacy of integral stimulation treatment for CAS.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9630599
Functional End Groups in Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Kilbinger Andreas F. M. 
Published: August 2019

Over the last two decades many synthetic methods have been reported to selectively introduce a number of different functional groups at the chain end of a living ring-opening metathesis polymer. In this personal account, I would like to focus on a few such methods developed in my research group over the last several years and how these led to the discovery of catalytic living ring-opening metathesis polymerization, a ring-opening metathesis polymerization method controlled by the polymer end groups. This account consists of the following sections:1	Introduction2	Functionalization of the Propagating Chain End3	Functionalization of the Initiating Chain End4	Polymerization Control by Functional End Groups5	Conclusions