bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construct Validity of the Test of Visual-Motor Integration: An Evaluation Using Rasch Analysis
Authors: Brown Ted , Unsworth Carolyn 
Published: July 2018

Background Rasch analysis can be used as a method of evaluating construct validity during test construction, validation, or evaluation. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the construct validity of the Test of Visual-Motor Integration (TVMI) by applying Rasch analysis to evaluate its scalability, dimensionality, differential item functioning (DIF), hierarchical ordering, and scoring category structure. Methods The participants included 400 children aged 5–12 years, recruited from six schools in the Melbourne metropolitan area, Victoria, Australia. The children completed the TVMI under the supervision of an occupational therapist. Results Overall, 3 of 30 of the TVMI scale items were problematic: Items 1 and 2 exhibited a Rasch model misfit and Item 5 exhibited DIF based on gender. In addition, the TVMI items were not found to be hierarchically ordered as reported in its manual. The TVMI scoring category structure was satisfactory. Conclusion Because only three TVMI items were found to be problematic, the construct validity of the TVMI appears satisfactory. However, given that the items are not hierarchically ordered, it is recommended that clinicians use the TVMI with caution when calculating participants' performance scores. This is particularly relevant if testing is ceased if a participant reaches the TVMI ceiling point by drawing three items incorrectly in a row.
Solving the Equation
Authors: Moonens Laurent , Picon Tiago H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the following note, we focus on the problem ofexistenceof continuous solutions vanishing at infinity to the equation divv = fforf ∈ Ln(ℝn) and satisfying an estimate of the type ||v||∞ ⩽ C||f||nfor anyf ∈ Ln(ℝn), whereC > 0 is related to the constant appearing in the Sobolev–Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality for functions with bounded variation (BV functions).
Democracy and Financial Crisis
Authors: Lipscy Phillip Y. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExisting scholarship attributes various political and economic advantages to democratic governance. These advantages may make more democratic countries prone to financial crises. Democracy is characterized by constraints on executive authority, accountability through free and fair elections, protections for civil liberties, and large winning coalitions. These characteristics bring important benefits, but they can also have unintended consequences that increase the likelihood of financial instability and crises. Using data covering the past two centuries, I demonstrate a strong relationship between democracy and financial crisis onset: on average, democracies are about twice as likely to experience a crisis as autocracies. This is an empirical regularity that is robust across a wide range of model specifications and time periods.
Effects of long-term tillage, terminating no-till and cropping system on organic C and N, and available nutrients in a Gleysolic soil in Québec, Canada
Authors: Malhi S. S. , Légère A. , Vanasse A. , Parent G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSome biological and chemical properties of a Gleysol were examined after 24 years of soil tillage (chisel plough – CP, mouldboard plough – MP, no-till – NT) and that of ploughing the 24-yr NT (P-NT) once, in two cropping systems (conventional – CONV, organic – ORG) applied over 4 years (2007–2010) of a long-term experiment (autumn 1987–autumn 2011) at La Pocatière, Québec, Canada. The 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil depths were sampled in autumn 2011 after a maize trial. Tillage affected light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), light fraction organic nitrogen (LFON) and mineralizable N (Nmin) in soil, with the lowest LFOC, LFON and Nminvalues in the MP treatment. No-till had lower soil pH than the other tillage systems in the 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil depths. Tillage affected the amounts of nitrate-N in 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depths, with the lowest amounts for MP (4.3 kg nitrate-N/ha) compared with NT (7.2 or 8.5 kg nitrate-N/ha) or CP (7.7 kg nitrate-N/ha). The P-NT had no negative impact on organic C and N, or available nutrients in soil. Cropping system had no effect on soil organic C and N, available nutrients or pH. Findings suggest that long-term NT or CP may result in greater storage of organic C and N in soil and improve available nutrients compared with MP. Ploughing 25-year-old NT plots redistributed available nutrients in the profile but had no negative effect on soil organic C or N.
Cognition, psychosis risk and metabolic measures in two adolescent birth cohorts
Authors: Ramsay Hugh , Barnett Jennifer H , Murray Graham K , Miettunen Jouko , Mäki Pirjo , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Smith George Davey , Ala-Korpela Mika , Veijola Juha 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsychoses, especially schizophrenia, are often preceded by cognitive deficits and psychosis risk states. Altered metabolic profiles have been found in schizophrenia. However, the associations between metabolic profiles and poorer cognitive performance and psychosis risk in the population remain to be determined.MethodsDetailed molecular profiles were measured for up to 8976 individuals from two general population-based prospective birth cohorts: the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC 1986) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). A high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy platform was used to quantify 70 metabolic measures at age 15–16 years in the NFBC 1986 and at ages 15 and 17 years in ALSPAC. Psychosis risk was assessed using the PROD-screen questionnaire at age 15–16 years in the NFBC 1986 or the psychotic-like symptoms assessment at age 17 years in ALSPAC. Cognitive measures included academic performance at age 16 years in both cohorts and general intelligence and executive function in ALSPAC. Logistic regression measured cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between metabolic measures and psychosis risk and cognitive performance, controlling for important covariates.ResultsSeven metabolic measures, primarily fatty acid (FA) measures, showed cross-sectional associations with general cognitive performance, four across both cohorts (low density lipoprotein diameter, monounsaturated FA ratio, omega-3 ratio and docosahexaenoic acid ratio), even after controlling for important mental and physical health covariates. Psychosis risk showed minimal metabolic associations.ConclusionsFA ratios may be important in marking risk for cognitive deficits in adolescence. Further research is needed to clarify whether these biomarkers could be causal and thereby possible targets for intervention.
Guarding the guards: Pluralist accountability for human rights violations by international organisations
Authors: Hirschmann Gisela 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman rights violations committed by international organisations (IOs) have raised demands that IOs should be held accountable for their decisions, policies, and actions. However, traditional forms of accountability have often failed in the context of global governance. This article introduces pluralist accountability as a form of accountability whereby third parties hold IOs and their implementing partners accountable for human rights violations. In pluralist accountability, third parties set the standards for IOs’ actions in relation to human rights, review their behaviour and impose normative or material sanctions in case of misbehaviour. The article further reveals two conditions that foster the development of pluralist accountability, namely the competition among third parties and the degree of vulnerability of the implementing actors or the mandating authority with regard to human rights demands. This argument is illustrated with empirical insights from peace operations in Bosnia and Kosovo, which were accused of human trafficking and the violation of the rights of detainees.
Ontology visualization methods and tools: a survey of the state of the art
Authors: Dudáš Marek , Lohmann Steffen , Svátek Vojtěch , Pavlov Dmitry 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVarious ontology visualization tools using different visualization methods exist and new ones are being developed every year. The goal of this paper is to follow up on previous surveys with an updated classification of ontology visualization methods and a comprehensive survey of available tools. The tools are analyzed for the used visualization methods, interaction techniques and supported ontology constructs. It shows that most of the tools apply two-dimensional node-link visualizations with a focus on class hierarchies. Color and shape are used with little variation, support for constructs introduced with version 2 of the OWL Web Ontology Language is limited, and it often remains vague what tasks and use cases are supported by the visualizations. Major challenges are the limited maturity and usability of many of the tools as well as providing an overview of large ontologies while also showing details on demand. We see a high demand for a universal ontology visualization framework implementing a core set of visual and interactive features that can be extended and customized to respective use cases.
Middle school peer reputation in high-achieving schools: Ramifications for maladjustment versus competence by age 18
Authors: Curlee Alexandria S. , Aiken Leona S. , Luthar Suniya S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn an upper-middle class setting, we explored associations between students’ peer reputation in Grades 6 and 7 with adjustment at Grade 12. With a sample of 209 students, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of peer reputation dimensions supported a 4-factor model (i.e., popular, prosocial, aggressive, isolated). Structural equation models were used to examine prospective links between middle school peer reputation and diverse Grade 12 adjustment indices, including academic achievement (Scholastic Aptitude Test scores and grade point average), internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Prosocial reputation was connected to higher academic achievement levels and fewer externalizing symptoms. Both prosocial and isolated reputations were negatively associated with dimensions of substance use, whereas popularity was positively associated. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
Management of balloon rupture during a percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation procedure
Authors: Faccini Alessia , Chessa Massimo , Aljoufan Mansour 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPercutaneous pulmonary valve implantation is increasingly adopted as an alternative procedure to surgery in dysfunctional homograft, and in patients with “native” or wide right ventricle outflow tract dysfunction. Pre-stenting is mandatory in this category of patients for many reasons, one of which is to create an adequate landing zone for the bioprosthesis. Here we report on a tricky situation that occurred during pre-stenting, and we describe how we successfully overcame it.
Anglican Identity asMestizajeEcclesiology
Authors: Muñoz Daniel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article offers a new narrative to reflect on Anglican ecclesiology through the lens of theological and cultural ‘mestizaje’. At a time of increasing signs of fragmentation in the world and the church (including the Anglican Communion), this study affirms elements that have been present in historic Anglicanism and contemporary Anglican praxis: the value of intercultural relations, dialogical processes and theological humility. While recognizing the challenges, complexity and limitations of the Anglican mestizo model, it asserts its intrinsic value as a source of ecclesial koinonia.
Magnetic Helicity as a Predictor of the Solar Cycle
Authors: Hawkes G. , Berger M. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt is known that the poloidal field is at its maximum during solar minima, and that the behaviour during this time acts as a strong predictor of the strength of the following solar cycle. This relationship relies on the action of differential rotation (the Omega effect) on the poloidal field, which generates the toroidal flux observed in sunspots and active regions. We measure the helicity flux into both the northern and southern hemispheres using a model that takes account of the omega effect, which we find offers a strong quantification of the above relationship. We find that said helicity flux offers a strong prediction of solar activity up to 5 years in advance of the next solar cycle.
Predicting a Solar Cycle Before its Onset Using a Flux Transport Dynamo Model
Authors: Choudhuri Arnab Rai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe begin with a review of the predictions for cycle 24 before its onset. After summarizing the basics of the flux transport dynamo model, we discuss how this model had been used to make a successful prediction of cycle 24, on the assumption that the irregularities of the solar cycle arise due to the fluctuations in the Babcock–Leighton mechanism. We point out that fluctuations in the meridional circulation can be another cause of irregularities in the cycle.
Numerical Effects on Wave Propagation in Atmospheric Models
Authors: Griffin Daniel J. , Thuburn John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRay tracing techniques have been used to investigate numerical effects on the propagation of acoustic waves in a non-hydrostatic dynamical core discretised using an Arakawa C-grid horizontal staggering of variables (Arakawa & Lamb 1977) and a Charney-Phillips vertical staggering of variables (Charney & Phillips 1953) with a semi-implicit timestepping scheme. It is found that the space discretisation places limits on resolvable wavenumbers and redirects the group velocity of waves towards the vertical. Wave amplitudes grow exponentially with height due to the decrease in the background density, which can cause instabilities in whole-atmosphere models. However, the inclusion of molecular viscosity and diffusion acts to damp the exponential growth of waves above about 150 km. This study aims to demonstrate the extent to which numerical wave propagation causes instabilities at high altitudes in atmosphere models, and how processes that damp the waves can improve these model’s stability.
Predicting the Loci of Solar Eruptions
Authors: Gyenge N. , Erdélyi R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe longitudinal distribution of solar active regions shows non-homogeneous spatial behaviour, which is often referred to as Active Longitude (AL). Evidence for a significant statistical relationships between the AL and the longitudinal distribution of flare and coronal mass ejections (CME) occurrences is found in Gyenge et al. 2017 (ApJ, 838, 18). The present work forecasts the spatial position of AL, hence the most flare/CME capable active regions are also predictable. Our forecast method applies Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model for the next 2 years time period. We estimated the dates when the solar flare/CME-capable longitudinal belts face towards Earth.
A Probabilistic Approach to the Drag-Based Model
Authors: Napoletano Gianluca , Forte Roberta , Del Moro Dario , Pietropaolo Ermanno , Giovannelli Luca , Berrilli Francesco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractForecasting the time of arrival of a Coronal Mass Ejection at Earth is of critical importance for our high-technology society and for any future manned exploration of the Solar System. As critical as the forecast accuracy is the knowledge of its precision, i.e. the error associated to the estimate. Here a statistical approach to the computation of the time of arrival using the Drag-Based Model is proposed through the introduction of probability distributions, rather than exact values, as input parameters, thus allowing the evaluation of the uncertainty on the forecast.
The High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) on Board the CSES Mission
Authors: Vitale Vincenzo ,   for the CSES/HEPD collaboration
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) will measure electrons, protons and light nuclei fluxes, in low Earth orbit. This detector consists of a high precision silicon tracker, a versatile trigger system, a range-calorimeter and an anti-coincidence system. It is one of the instruments on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES). HEPD can detect multi-MeV particles trapped within the geomagnetic field. When operated at large latitudes HEPD can also detect un-trapped solar particles and low energy cosmic rays. A detailed description of the HEPD will be given.
AMR-MHD Simulation of CME Propagation in Solar Wind Generated on Split Dodecahedron Grid
Authors: Ogawa Tomoya , Den Mitsue , Tanaka Takashi , Yamashita Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe perform simulations of the interplanetary coronal mass ejections relating to the magnetic storm on 17 March 2015. A hierarchical mesh structure is used, which is controlled by an adaptive mesh refinement technique, with fine-scale cells where it matters, the structure of the running shock waves of the coronal mass ejections and co-rotating interactive regions. The initial and the inner-boundary conditions are derived from another simulation, which uses a split dodecahedron grid. The resulting shock-wave with the models adjusted to the observed ejection speed on the sky plane show delays by 20% in the arrival time at the Earth from the observed data. By contrast, the model adjusted to the observed arrival time at the Earth needs the ejection speed 30% higher than that in the above models.
Alignment as an Indicator of Changes to Modal Structure within the Roberts Flow
Authors: Miller Daniel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlignment of the magnetic and velocity fields has previously been shown to play a role within nonlinear dynamo theory (Cameron and Galloway 2006), MHD turbulence (Matthaeus et al. 1980) and mean field theory (Yokoi 2013). What has not been previously examined is whether it is beneficial to examine alignment within kinematic dynamo theory. I show how measurements of alignment within kinematic dynamo theory for the Roberts flow can indicate a change in the structure of the magnetic field.
Towards Estimating the Solar Meridional Flow and Predicting the 11-yr Cycle Using Advanced Variational Data Assimilation Techniques
Authors: Hung Ching Pui , Brun Allan Sacha , Fournier Alexandre , Jouve Laurène , Talagrand Olivier , Zakari Mustapha 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present in this work the development of a solar data assimilation method based on an axisymmetric mean field dynamo model and magnetic surface data. Our mid-term goal is to predict the solar quasi cyclic activity. We focus on the ability of our variational data assimilation algorithm to constrain the deep meridional circulation of the Sun based on solar magnetic observations. Within a given assimilation window, the assimilation procedure minimizes the differences between data and the forecast from the model, by finding an optimal meridional circulation in the convection zone, and an optimal initial magnetic field, via a quasi-Newton algorithm. We demonstrate the capability of the technique to estimate the meridional flow by a closed-loop experiment involving 40 years of synthetic, solar-like data. We show that the method is robust in estimating a (stochastic) time-varying flow fluctuating 30% about the average, and that the horizon of predictability of the method is ~ 1 cycle length.
Pursuing Forecasts of the Behavior and Arrival of Coronal Mass Ejections through Modeling and Observations
Authors: Cremades Hebe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSophisticated instrumentation dedicated to studying and monitoring our Sun’s activity has proliferated in the past few decades, together with the increasing demand of specialized space weather forecasts that address the needs of commercial and government systems. As a result, theoretical and empirical models and techniques of increasing complexity have been developed, aimed at forecasting the occurrence of solar disturbances, their evolution, and time of arrival to Earth. Here we will review groundbreaking and recent methods to predict the propagation and evolution of coronal mass ejections and their driven shocks. The methods rely on a wealth of data sets provided by ground- and space-based observatories, involving remote-sensing observations of the corona and the heliosphere, as well as detections of radio waves.
The Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory
Authors: Thompson Michael J. , Tomczyk Steven , Gibson Sarah E. , McIntosh Scott W. , Landi Enrico 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory (CoSMO) is a proposed new facility led by the High Altitude Observatory and a consortium of partners to measure magnetic field and plasma properties in a large (one degree) field of view extending down to the inner parts of the solar corona. CoSMO is intended as a research facility that will advance the understanding and prediction of space weather. The instrumentation elements of CoSMO are: a white-light coronagraph (KCor), already operational at the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO); the Chromosphere and Prominence Magnetometer (ChroMag), due for deployment to MLSO next year; and the CoSMO Large Coronagraph (LC) which has completed Preliminary Design Review.
Acceleration of Solar Wind Particles Passing through the 3D Heliospheric Current Sheet
Authors: Zharkova Valentina V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAdditional acceleration of protons and electrons passing through a 3D reconnecting current sheet (RCS) of the solar corona and heliosphere is investigated with PIC approach. The simulation confirms spatial separation of electrons and protons and generation of a polarisation electric field induced by separated particles. In the heliospheric current sheet with a weak magnetic field there are two populations of particles: transit and bounced. The transit particles (both protons and electrons) are accelerated to high energies while the bounced electrons fail to reach the midplane. Instead they form an electron cloud of horseshoe or medallion types at some distance D from its midplane, which is larger for bigger guiding field magnitudes. These energetic electrons and protons appearing near the HCS boundaries can be a great danger for the satellites crossing the sector boundaries.