bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social behavior and aging: A fly model
Authors: Brenman‐Suttner Dova B. , Yost Ryley T. , Frame Ariel K. , Robinson J. Wesley , Moehring Amanda J. , Simon Anne F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe field of behavioral genetics has recently begun to explore the effect of age on social behaviors. Such studies are particularly important, as certain neuropsychiatric disorders with abnormal social interactions, like autism and schizophrenia, have been linked to older parents. Appropriate social interaction can also have a positive impact on longevity, and is associated with successful aging in humans. Currently, there are few genetic models for understanding the effect of aging on social behavior and its potential transgenerational inheritance. The fly is emerging as a powerful model for identifying the basic molecular mechanisms underlying neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss these recent advancements, with a focus on how studies in Drosophila melanogaster have provided insight into the effect of aging on aspects of social behavior, including across generations.
Problematising social mobility in relation to Higher Education policy
Authors: Elwick Alex 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper problematises the concept of social mobility through an exploration of it in relation to Higher Education policy in England. Based upon a content analysis of a number of key policy documents from distinct eras, it identifies definitions and understandings of social mobility within them, exploring how such references have changed over time, and critiquing the differences between the imagined ideals of what policy rhetoric seeks to do and the reality of policy implementation. In particular, it considers the characterisation of social mobility as an individualised concern; it positions aspirations of improving social mobility within the market of Higher Education; and it ultimately asks whether Higher Education can solve the government's social mobility problem.
Organizational commitment and job performance: Examining the moderating roles of occupational commitment and transformational leadership
Authors: Sungu Lincoln Jisuvei , Weng Qingxiong (Derek) , Xu Xiaohong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo address why the relationship between affective organizational commitment and job performance varies, we draw on the theorization of Meyer, Becker, and Vandenberghe to propose moderation of affective occupational commitment and transformational leadership, separately and interactively. Data collected from 398 employees and their supervisors supported our hypotheses. Specifically, affective organizational commitment was more strongly associated with job performance for employees with high occupational commitment, or when a supervisor's transformational leadership was high. Importantly, in a moderated mediation relationship, we found the effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between affective organizational commitment and job performance for employees with high occupational commitment was contrary to its effect on employees with low occupational commitment. Given the significant roles of both commitments as discussed in the present study, we offer suggestions on how to consider these factors during the assessment and selection of personnel and role assignment.
Development and validation of a paternalism and autonomist care assessment
Authors: Fernández‐Ballesteros Rocío , Sánchez‐Izquierdo Macarena , Olmos Ricardo , Huici Carmen , Caprara María Giovanna , Santacreu Marta , Ribera Casado José Manuel , Cruz‐Jentoft Alfonso 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThere is a need for a validated instrument to measure the type of care (paternalism or person‐centred) provided for older adults. Since paternalism and person‐centred care are the most important caregiving styles in the field of care and as they are usually opposed, the study aims to develop and establish psychometrics data of an instrument to identify paternalistic and autonomist behaviours in older adults care contexts, which can help to enhance care practice.DesignInstrument development.MethodsAfter observing and standardizing behaviours in formal care contexts in 2016, an instrument was developed and proceeding to a first validation using standard validation techniques among caregivers in two care settings during 2016–2017: senior citizen centres and older adult day care centres.ResultsThe Paternalist/Autonomist Care Assessment (PACA) is a 30‐item, behaviour‐based instrument which measures both the appraisal of caregivers on elements of care (Care Appraisal Scale‐ PACA‐Appraisal) and the occurrence of behaviours (Occurrence of Care in Context‐ PACA‐Occurrence). The Paternalist/Autonomist Care Assessment (PACA) was validated in 160 professional caregivers and was able to discriminate two factors: paternalistic or overprotective behaviours and autonomist behaviours. However, these factors were not fully dichotomous and were shown to coexist to some degree.ConclusionThe instrument displayed good psychometric properties to measure paternalism and autonomy in older adult care. Moreover, it showed that the two types of care are not antagonistic and can coexist, with overprotective behaviours being more frequent in contexts of care for more dependent persons.ImpactThere are no validated instruments to measure paternalism and person‐centred behaviour in care contexts. The two measures yielded by the PACA show good construct and concurrent empirical validity, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity. Family caregiver, professional caregivers, nurses, older adults.
M‐PRESS‐CreditRisk: Microprudential and Macroprudential Capital Requirements for Credit Risk under Systemic Stress
Authors: TENTE NATALIA , WESTERNHAGEN NATALJA VON , SLOPEK ULF 
Published: July 2019

AbstractM‐PRESS‐CreditRisk is a novel stress testing approach that can help authorities gauge banks' capital adequacy related to credit risk. For the first time, it combines the assessment of microprudential capital requirements under Pillars 1 and 2 and macroprudential buffers in a unified, coherent framework. Its core element is an advanced credit portfolio model—SystemicCreditRisk—built upon a rich, nonlinear dependence structure for correlated bank portfolios. The model is applied to a sample of 12 systemically important German banking groups and delivers measures for systemic credit risk and the banks' contributions to it in both baseline and stress scenarios.
Pharmacologic Management of Common Ailments in Women Who Are Breastfeeding
Authors: Dogruluk Armel A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the rate of breastfeeding in the United States has increased 34% between 2005 and 2015. Women who breastfeed can require treatment of various common illnesses. When caring for women who are breastfeeding, health care providers may unnecessarily discourage them from breastfeeding during treatment. Choosing the appropriate medications for these individuals is critical to ensure the woman is effectively treated, infant exposure to medication is minimized, and the breastfeeding relationship is preserved. This article provides an overview of essential principles for prescribing medications for women who are lactating. Recommendations for the management of common illnesses seen in the outpatient setting are suggested and resources that can help guide therapeutic decision making are offered.
Multiobjective optimization of modular structures: Weight versus geometric versatility in a Truss‐Z system
Authors: Zawidzki Machi , Jankowski Łukasz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes an approach for multicriterial optimization of modular structures with respect to their structural and geometrical properties. The approach is tested using the quickly deployable and reconfigurable modular ramp system Truss‐Z intended for pedestrian traffic. The focus is on modular structures composed of a moderate number of relatively complex modules, which feature an irregular, noncuboidal geometry. Such modules can be assembled into a variety of geometrically different configurations which do not adhere to any predefined spatial grid; their global geometry can be treated as free‐form and determined in situ during construction. The optimization variables represent local‐level geometrical and structural properties of a single module. The Pareto front is used to balance between two kinds of objectives. The geometrical objective quantifies the ability of the modules to generate geometrically versatile global structures that are well‐suited to comply with spatial constraints of real construction sites. The structural objective is formalized in analogy to the minimum weight problem with upper bound constraints imposed on the von Mises stress and the Euler buckling load ratio. A two‐level optimization scheme is employed with NSGA‐II at the top level and a simulated annealing with adaptive neighborhood at the lower level.
Management of overweight and obesity in primary care—A systematic overview of international evidence‐based guidelines
Authors: Semlitsch Thomas , Stigler Florian L. , Jeitler Klaus , Horvath Karl , Siebenhofer Andrea 
Published: July 2019

SummaryOverweight and obesity are increasing worldwide. In general practice, different approaches exist to treat people with weight problems. To provide the foundation for the development of a structured clinical pathway for overweight and obesity management in primary care, we performed a systematic overview of international evidence‐based guidelines. We searched in PubMed and major guideline databases for all guidelines published in World Health Organization (WHO) “Stratum A” nations that dealt with adults with overweight or obesity. Nineteen guidelines including 711 relevant recommendations were identified. Most of them concluded that a multidisciplinary team should treat overweight and obesity as a chronic disease. Body mass index (BMI) should be used as a routine measure for diagnosis, and weight‐related complications should be taken into account. A multifactorial, comprehensive lifestyle programme that includes reduced calorie intake, increased physical activity, and measures to support behavioural change for at least 6 to 12 months is recommended. After weight reduction, long‐term measures for weight maintenance are necessary. Bariatric surgery can be offered to people with a BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m2 when all non‐surgical interventions have failed. In conclusion, there was considerable agreement in international, evidence‐based guidelines on how multidisciplinary management of overweight and obesity in primary care should be performed.
Small mammal controls on the climate‐driven range shift of woody plant species
Authors: Mortelliti Alessio , Grentzmann Ilona P. , Fraver Shawn , Brehm Allison M. , Calkins Samantha , Fisichelli Nicholas 
Published: July 2019

Climate change is resulting in shifts in species’ ranges as species inhabit new climatically suitable areas. A key factor affecting range‐shifts is the interaction with predators. Small mammals, being primary seed predators and dispersers in forest ecosystems, may play a major role in determining which plant species will successfully expand and the rate at which range‐shifts will occur. Plants dispersing seeds beyond the species’ current range limits will encounter seed predators to which these seeds are novel; however, empirical studies of seed predator–novel seed interactions are lacking. The aims of our study were to: 1) quantify seed selection by small mammals presented with ‘novel’ seeds; 2) quantify the post‐selection fate of ‘novel’ seeds; and 3) identify seed traits that affect seed selection and post‐selection seed fate.We designed a field experiment exposing small mammal communities to novel seeds produced by plants expected to shift their ranges in response to climate change. We matched novel seeds with reference ‘familiar’ seeds and studied key steps defining interactions between small mammals and novel seeds.We found that the probability of selection of a novel seed varied among species and was, at times, higher than the selection probability of familiar seeds. Key traits that affected seed selection and the distance a seed was dispersed for caching were shell hardness and seed mass. We also found that 33% of dispersed seeds were cached in optimal germination sites (e.g. within fallen logs and buried under the leaf litter mat). Through seed emergence trials we found that emergence was higher for larger seeds, suggesting that the role of small mammals may be modulated by emergence rates.Our results suggest that the interaction between small mammals and novel seeds may have cascading effects on climate‐induced plant range shifts and community composition.
Harnessing the new emerging imaging technologies to uncover the role of Ca2+ signalling in plant nutrient homeostasis
Authors: Vigani Gianpiero , Costa Alex 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIncreasing crop yields by using ecofriendly practices is of high priority to tackle problems regarding food security and malnutrition worldwide. A sustainable crop production requires a limited use of fertilizer and the employment of plant varieties with improved ability to acquire nutrients from soil. To reach these goals, the scientific community aims to understand plant nutrients homeostasis by deciphering the nutrient sensing and signalling mechanisms of plants. Several lines of evidence about the involvement of Ca2+ as the signal of an impaired nutrient availability have been reported. Ca2+ signalling is a tightly regulated process that requires specific protein toolkits to perceive external stimuli and to induce the specific responses in the plant needed to survive. Here, we summarize both older and recent findings concerning the involvement of Ca2+ signalling in the homeostasis of nutrients. In this review, we present new emerging technologies, based on the use of genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors and advanced microscopy, which offer the chance to perform in planta analyses of Ca2+ dynamics at cellular resolution. The harnessing of these technologies with different genetic backgrounds and subjected to different nutritional stresses will provide important insights to the still little‐known mechanisms of nutrient sensing in plants.
Encoding and compressing hexagonal raster data by the Gosper curve
Authors: Xin Rui , Ai Tinghua , Ai Bo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article mainly introduces a class of encoding and compression methods for hexagonal raster data. A new encoding mode is established with the introduction of the Gosper curve, which has good spatial aggregation. On this basis, straightforward encoding, lossless coding compression, and lossy coding compression can be carried out. First, the bidirectional correlation between the Gosper curve and the hexagonal grid data is established, and the Gosper coding value of each raster unit is determined. Then, the lossless compression of the data is completed by performing run‐length encoding on the coding set. Following the Gosper curve trend, partial grid units are semantically changed via adjacent fusion under certain threshold constraints. The run‐length encoding is carried out again to complete the lossy compression and further reduce the amount of encoding required. A break‐detection step is added during the process to avoid regional breaks. The experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently compress data. Additionally, data compression of multi‐resolution and varying fusion thresholds is explored to summarize general patterns. Finally, the method proposed is compared with traditional row‐coding compression in hexagonal and quadrilateral grids to highlight its advantages for hexagonal raster data.
Re‐Englishing ‘flat‐world’ fiction
Authors: Pandey Anjali 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUtilizing evidence from literary stylistics, and in keeping with the Kachruvian tradition, this paper makes the case for WE scholars to remain vigilant of the move away from the revolutionary heteroglossia and de‐Englishing strategies hallmarking literary creation and analyses of postcolonial writings from the margin – so apparent in Braj B. Kachru's works – to a current era of monoglossic inspired re‐Englishing strategies underpinning the post‐globalist enterprise of so‐called ‘flat‐world’ fiction in which under the guise of linguistic deterritorialization, center and periphery stratificational and spatialized arrangements emerge somewhat mitigated – even obfuscated. In the current post‐structuralist‐turn where contextual‐oriented rather than form‐focused analyses and the ‘spatial turn’ prevail, it is contested, Kachruvian‐spotlighted linguistic asymmetriesstillmatter. Evidence is provided from emerging frameworks in the sociolinguistics of mobility, pedagogical linguistics, and political economy to demonstrate the intellectual staying power, and relevancy of Kachruvian frameworks for current sociolinguists.
Bilinguals’ creativity and an argument for paradigm shift
Authors: Pandharipande Rajeshwari V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the centrality of the notion of bi/multilinguals’ creativity in Kachru's work and its significant role in the paradigm shift in research on world Englishes. Here, it is suggested that bilingual creativity became the catalyst for treating non‐native varieties of English not as ‘deviant,’ but rather as different from so‐called native Englishes. The world Englishes (WE) paradigm has moved from treating ‘native’ English as the exclusive center/norm of the language to accepting many centers of English (the pluricentricity of English), which has had a number of implications for both bilingual creativity and the study of the intelligibility of non‐native varieties of English.
The intellectual trajectory of Braj B. Kachru
Authors: Sridhar S.N. , Sridhar Kamal K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBraj Kachru is a major figure in linguistics and English studies, and he has left us an intellectual legacy that speaks to a wide range of fields in language studies, including sociolinguistics, variation studies, bilingualism and multilingualism, applied linguistics, second language acquisition, and teaching English as a second or foreign language. This article sets out to provide a detailed and nuanced study of the intellectual trajectory of one of the most influential figures in contemporary sociolinguistics and English studies.
Validity and reliability of anti-diabetic medication adherence scale among patients with diabetes in Baghdad, Iraq: a pilot study
Authors: Mikhael Ehab Mudher , Hussain Saad A , Shawky Nizar , Hassali Mohamed Azmi 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundMedication non-adherence is a common problem among patients with diabetes. Patient-reported medication adherence scales are the most commonly used method to assess patient medication adherence, but up to today there is no specific tool for assessing medication adherence among patients with diabetes in Arab countries. This study aimed to develop and validate a new tool for assessment of adherence to antidiabetic medications among Iraqi patients with diabetes.MethodsThe Iraqi Anti-Diabetic Medication Adherence Scale (IADMAS) consists of eight items. The face and content validity of the IADMAS were established via an expert panel. For convergent validity, the IADMAS was compared with the Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ). For concurrent validity, the IADMAS was compared with glycosylated hemoglobin. A total of 84 patients with types 2 diabetes were recruited from a diabetes center in Baghdad, Iraq. Test–retest reliability was measured by readministering the IADMAS to the same patients 4 weeks later.ResultsOnly 80 patients completed the study (response rate: 95%). Reliability analysis of the IADMAS showed a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.712, whereas that of the MAQ was 0.649. All items in the IADMAS showed no significant difference in the test–retest analysis, indicating that the IADMAS has stable reliability. There was no difference in the psychometric properties of the IADMAS and the MAQ. The sensitivity and specificity of the IADMAS were higher than that of the MAQ (100% vs 87.5% and 33.9% vs 29.7%, respectively).ConclusionThe IADMAS developed in this study is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing antidiabetic medication adherence among Iraqi patients.
How do contextual factors influence quality and safety work in the Norwegian home care and nursing home settings? A qualitative study about managers’ experiences
Authors: Ree Eline , Johannessen Terese , Wiig Siri 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveAlthough many contextual factors can facilitate or impede primary care managers’ work with quality and safety, research on how these factors influences the managers’ continuous improvement efforts is scarce. This study explored how primary care managers experience the impact of a variety of contextual factors on their daily quality and safety work.DesignThe study has a qualitative design. Nine semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted at the participants’ workplaces. Systematic text condensation was used for analysis.SettingFive nursing homes and three home care services in Norway.ParticipantsFemale primary care managers at different levels, working in different units and municipalities varying in size and location.ResultsThe participants cited the lack of time and money as a significant impediment to quality and safety, and these resources had to be carefully allocated. They emphasised the importance of networks and competence for their quality and safety work. Delegation of responsibility among employees helped create engagement, improved competence and ensured that new knowledge reached all employees. External guidelines and demands helped them to systematise their work and explain the necessity of quality and safety work to their employees, if they were compliant with daily clinical practice in the organisation.ConclusionsNumerous contextual factors influence the managers by determining the leeway that they have in quality and safety work, by setting the budgetary constraints and defining available competence, networks and regulation. At first glance, these factors appear fixed, but our findings underscore the importance of primary care managers acting on and negotiating the environment in which they conduct their daily quality and safety work. More research is needed to understand how these managers strategise to overcome the impediments to quality and safety.