bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovarian aromatase activity: evaluation methods and the clinical significance in IVF protocols
Authors: Yakovlev Pavel P. , Krylova Julia S. , Mekina Irina D. , Polyakova Victoria O. , Kvetnoy Igor M. , Tarasova Marina A. , Kogan Igor Yu. , Gzgzyan Alexander M. , Rodichkina Valeriia R. 
Published: May 2018

Introduction. Cytochrome P450 aromatase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of estrogens from androgens. Some gynecological diseases are accompanied with changes in the activity of ovarian aromatase. Moreover, changes in the acti vity of ovarian aromatase are associated with the response to standard gonadotrophin stimulation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. A new effective method determining the activity of ovarian aromatase without using ovarian tissue biopsy has been developed.
The purpose of the present study was to compare the detection of ovarian aromatase activity using the ratio of estradiol to AMH on the second day of the menstrual cycle through the immunocytochemical evaluation of aromatase expression in cumulus cells.
Methods. Depending on the activity of the ovarian aromatase, calculated on the second day of the menstrual cycle, 16 patients undergoing IVF protocols were categorized into three groups: eight patients with low activity, four with normal activity, and four with high activity. The patients did not differ in age and BMI. The expression of aromatase in cumulus cells obtained through transvaginal puncture was investigated by the immunocytochemical method.
Results. The fluorescence intensities in the low, normal, and high activity groups were 134 (122–161), 238 (201–251), and 259 (240–299), respectively. Differences between these groups were statistically significant (p = 0.008). There was a pronounced positive correlation between the activity of ovarian aromatase, calculated on day two of the menstrual cycle, and the intensity of aromatase fluorescence in cumulus cells (Spearman, r = 0.75, p = 0.001, n = 16).
It’s Not About “Us”: Express Newark Prioritizing the Public Good
Authors: Englot Anne Schaper , Davson Victor , Fischzang Chantal , Fleming Tamara , Kline Nick 
Published: May 2018

Publically engaged scholarship demands new ways of working within and outside of the academy.
Systems within the university reward faculty for individual achievements. This approach militates against working on collaborative projects because of the difficulty of explaining and quantifying one’s contribution. The culture of academia further inhibits potential collaborations and undermines even the most altruistic faculty, who are socialized to devalue the experiential, place-based knowledge of a community partner and encouraged to adopt a self-concept as “the” authority.
But if universities are to honor their commitment to the public good, the public must be prioritized in the academic value system, which ought to encourage new modes of thinking that recognize the legitimacy of the expertise of community partners and place value on collaboration with them.
From the community perspective, there is often a lack of models for successful collaboration, with engagement by universities more often than not taking the form of exercising eminent domain or parachuting in to “fix” a problem and then abandoning the community. Community members carry with them skepticism that the university’s only use is as a source of hand-outs rather than a source of the kind of agency afforded by true collaboration.
A prospective study of cases of intestinal obstruction and role of conservative expectant management
Authors: Pandey Yuktansh 
Published: May 2018

Background: Intestinal obstruction continues to be a common surgical emergency throughout the world and its management protocol has evolved over years. In our study we aimed to provide a complete epidemiological description of intestinal obstruction in adult age group patients in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India.Methods: This is a prospective study of patients belonging to age group more than 12 years admitted in our unit with clinical features suggestive of intestinal obstruction from September 2011 to December 2013 at R. N. T. Medical College, Udaipur. The study comprised of 134 patients.Results: Intestinal obstruction contributed to 6.5% of all surgical admissions. It was nearly twice more common in males. 43% patients presented with features of acute intestinal obstruction in comparison to 57% who presented with features of sub-acute intestinal obstruction. Most common cause observed was obstruction due to intra-abdominal adhesions followed by abdominal tuberculosis 48 and 29 percent respectively. Features of intestinal obstruction resolved in 60% patients with conservative management. Adhesions, abdominal tuberculosis and malignancy counted for majority of patients with sub-acute obstruction. Emergency surgery was done in 32% of patients and 36.5 % of patients were discharged non-operatively. Planned Surgery after successful expectant management was done in 24 % patients. Most frequently seen complication was wound site collection (72.5%) followed by respiratory tract infections (49%). Total mortality in our study was 12.6% of which 41% was post-operative mortality and 59% mortality seen in patients who expired during conservative management. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that intra-abdominal adhesions and abdominal tuberculosis account for most cases of intestinal obstruction in countries like India. A watchful expectant management can be tried in patients with prior operative history and those with history of tuberculosis.
A prospective randomized study of use of drain versus no drain after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Velappan Dhanapal Pattanam , Palaniappan Ponnaiyan Natesan , Pandian Anbarasi 
Published: May 2018

Background: The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma is 1-2 per 100000 per year in the general population. Inserting subdural drain might reduce the recurrence rate but is not commonly practiced. There are few prospective studies to evaluate the effect of subdural drains.Methods: A prospective randomized study to investigate the effect of subdural drains in the on-recurrence rates and clinical outcome following burr-hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma was undertaken. During the study period, 100 patients with CSDH were assessed for eligibility. Among 100 patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria, 52 were assigned to drain inserted into the subdural space following burr hole drainage and 48 were assigned subdural drain was not inserted following burr hole drainage. The primary end point was recurrence needing re-drainage and to prevent post-operative pneumocephalus up to a period of 6 months from surgery.Results: Recurrence occurred in 1 of 100 patients with a drain, and 9 of 100 patients in without drain group the medical and surgical complications were comparable between the two study groups.Conclusions: Use of a subdural drain after burr-hole evacuation of a chronic subdural hematoma reduces the recurrence rate and is not associated with increased complications.
Evaluación ortóptica en pacientes sometidos a Lasik. Primera entrega
Authors: Segura Acevedo María Margarita 
Published: May 2018

Antecedentes: la información publicada sobre el comportamiento binocular luego de cirugía refractiva es escasa. Varios profesionales coinciden en percibir que ocurre, después de la cirugía, un desajuste sintomático en los mecanismos de la visión binocular, información documentada en reportes de caso y series de casos sin poder estadístico. Objetivo: primario, determinar la frecuencia de cambios de función ortóptica, sintomáticos y asintomáticos, en el posoperatorio en ojos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía refractiva Lasik; secundario, explorar la existencia de asociaciones entre los defectos ortópticos posoperatorios y los hallazgos prequirúrgicos. Diseño: estudio observacional analítico, cohorte de 223 pacientes con edades entre 18 y 66 años sometidos a cirugía refractiva Lasik, en quienes se realizó valoración ortóptica antes y después de la cirugía. Medición: oftalmólogos, optómetras y ortoptistas entrenados midieron el defecto refractivo, la agudeza visual, la corrección realizada y obtenida, las complicaciones, los síntomas (salto renglón, inversión de letras, cefalea, inducción de sueño) y la función ortóptica (posición primaria, punto próximo de convergencia, Cover Test, acomodación, estereopsis y fusión) antes y después de Lasik. Resultados: la cirugía refractiva induce mejoría en el síntoma sueño al leer (28% P 0,00) mejora el punto próximo de convergencia (7,6 % P 0,007), el Cover Test (16% P 0,00) y la fusión (41% P 0,00). Disminuye la acomodación negativa en los no présbitas (20% P 0,009) y en los présbitas (38% P 0,0008) al comparar los datos del preoperatorio y del posoperatorio. Discusión: estos resultados, contrarios a los publicados por otros autores, muestran mejoría de síntomas y signos y disfunción de la visión binocular que debe confirmarse con estudios adicionales con mayor tamaño de muestra y seguimiento más prolongado.
Importancia de la valoración de sensibilidad al contraste en la práctica optométrica
Authors: López A. Yolanda 
Published: May 2018

La evaluación de la función visual humana incluye la agudeza visual, el campo visual y la sensibilidad al contraste, este test puede ser utilizado como test de rutina cuando los logros del paciente no alcanzan los resultados esperados. El desarrollo de la sensibilidad al contraste en niños tiene una maduración importante los 3 primeros meses de edad hacia la mayoría de las frecuencias espaciales, logrando una función de sensibilidad al contraste equiparable con la del adulto aproximadamente a los 6 meses de edad. Aunque la sensibilidad al contraste (SC) puede tener un valor relativo para tamizaje y diagnóstico, se recomienda hacerlo como parte de la valoración funcional, especialmente en pacientes de baja visión o discapacidades múltiples, con test específicamente diseñados para ellos. La SC da una información útil, revelando algunas condiciones en las pérdidas de visión que no son identificables mediante los test de agudeza visual (AV), proporcionando un método de monitoreo de tratamientos y un mejor entendimiento de la interpretación de los problemas visuales encontrados en pacientes con alteración de la visión (Owsley, 2003).
Colombia y Costa Rica: enfoques de políticas en salud y resultados en el bienestar de la población infantil
Authors: Jiménez Barbosa Wilson Giovanni 
Published: May 2018

La garantía del derecho a la salud de la niñez es atravesada transversalmente por las concepciones que cada Estado tenga respecto a su filosofía política, económica y la comprensión de lo social. En este sentido, Latinoamérica ha sufrido profundas reformas en sus estructuras de protección social desde finales de los años ochenta, debido a la influencia de los organismos multilaterales de financiamiento. Esto ha producido una homogeneización de los sistemas de salud y los programas de atención a la niñez, soportados en modelos de mercado; sin embargo, en algunos países, como Cuba y Costa Rica, han subsistido sistemas en los cuales el Estado mantiene modelos plena o principalmente públicos. Con base en los informes estadísticos que cada país presenta a la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, se pretende establecer un comparativo entre los resultados en la salud infantil de dos países con estructuras socioeconómicas cercanas, como Costa Rica y Colombia, pero cuyos sistemas de salud divergen, ya que el primero se basa en el monopolio del Estado y el segundo, en modelos basados en mercado. Para ello, se describen algunas variables sociales, las estructuras de cada uno de los dos sistemas de salud y los programas de salud infantil existentes, para continuar con los resultados de cobertura y epidemiológicos que se han obtenido en cada uno de los países. Finalmente, se plantea una discusión que trasciende lo que evidencian los resultados numéricos para dar una visión holística de lo que deberían ser las políticas de salud en niñez, no sólo soportada en los sistemas de salud, sino también en las condiciones de calidad de vida que pueden garantizar cada nación a estas poblaciones.
Comparación de los signos y síntomas con los niveles de IgE en lágrimas, en pacientes con conjuntivitis alérgica
Authors: Herrera Hilda Henny , Prada Pilar 
Published: May 2018

Por muchos años la conjuntivitis alérgica se ha venido diagnosticando solamente de una manera clínica, teniendo en cuenta los signos y síntomas que presenta el paciente, sin ayudas diagnósticas complementarias que faciliten el diagnóstico preciso y certero, corriendo el riesgo de diagnosticar otras alteraciones patológicas como si fueran conjuntivitis alérgica, manejándolas como tal, sin resultados satisfactorios para el paciente. El objetivo del estudio fue diagnosticar la conjuntivitis alérgica de una manera cuantitativa por medio de la presencia de Inmunoglobulina E (IgE) en lágrima en pacientes con signos y síntomas de alergia ocular. Metodología: a 35 pacientes sintomáticos que acudieron al Instituto de Investigaciones Optométricas de la Universidad de La Salle, se les realizó examen optométrico y oftalmológico y determinación de los niveles de IgE presentes en lágrima por medio de la prueba Lacrytest. Se compararon los resultados con base en signos y sintomas que presentaban. Resultados: el 40% de los pacientes fue positivo a la prueba de Lacrytest. Los pacientes con conjuntivitis alérgica y niveles elevados de IgE se relacionaron con la severidad en los signos y síntomas, principalmente papilas, hiperemia, ardor, ojo rojo y prurito. Conclusiones: al hacer la comparación de la sintomatología entre los pacientes positivos y negativos para IgE, se observó similar sintomatología, lo que corrobora que es indispensable realizar pruebas confirmatorias, para llegar al correcto diagnóstico de la conjuntivitis alérgica en la mayoría de los casos.
Descripción de la metaplasia escamosa por citología de impresión en pacientes con ojo seco
Authors: Rodríguez Martha Fabiola , Juyo Alexander , Rojas Alberto 
Published: May 2018

El ojo seco se caracteriza por una deficiencia en la cantidad o calidad de la película lagrimal, que conlleva a cambios histológicos en la superficie ocular como la metaplasia escamosa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el grado de metaplasia escamosa de la superficie conjuntival en pacientes con ojo seco, con diferentes grados de severidad clínica. Metodología: a 63 ojos de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de ojo seco, clasificados como leve, moderado y severo, y 20 ojos de sujetos sin patología ocular como controles, se les realizó citología de impresión en la conjuntiva bulbar temporal y nasal, con membranas de biopore (Millipore PICM012550). Las membranas se fijaron con etanol al 96% y colorearon con ácido periódico de Shiff- hematoxilina, y se montaron entre lámina y laminilla con Entellan. El grado de metaplasia escamosa se determinó de acuerdo al número de las células caliciformes (contadas con rejilla calibrada a 40X) y a los cambios morfológicos de las células epiteliales, utilizando la graduación de Murube y Rivas. Resultados: aproximadamente la mitad de los pacientes con ojo seco leve (49%) presentaron grado 1 de metaplasia escamosa, el 53,8% de los pacientes con ojo seco moderado presentó grado 2 y el 57.1% de los pacientes con ojo seco severo presentó grado 3. Conclusiones: el grado de metaplasia escamosa por citología de impresión es fácilmente evidenciado en pacientes con ojo seco moderado y severo contribuyendo a la confirmación del diagnóstico clínico y seguimiento de la enfermedad.
Diaspora and Identity
Authors: Nishida Mieko 
Published: May 2018

Much has been published on the history of Japanese immigration to Brazil, Japanese Brazilians in Brazil, and Japanese Brazilians’ “return” labor migrations to Japan (known as dekassegui). Yet none has gone beyond and above the essentialized categories of “the Japanese” in Brazil and “Brazilians” in Japan. This book demonstrates that Japanese Brazilian identity has never been a static, fixed set of traits that can be counted and inventoried. Rather it is about being and becoming, a process of identity in motion responding to the push-and-pull between being positioned and positioning in a historically changing world. The book is based on the author’s painstaking research in Brazil and Japan between 1997 and 2013, involving extensive life history interviews (and follow-ups) with 116 Japanese Brazilians of several generations and diverse social backgrounds, in combination with substantial archival research and multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork. This book examines Japanese immigrants and their descendants’ historically shifting sense of identity that comes from their engagement or experience of historical changes in socioeconomic and political structure. Each chapter illustrates how Japanese Brazilian identity is in formation, across generation, across gender, across class, across race, and in the movement of people between nations.
Identification of Optimal Environments for Cotton Cultivars in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Teodoro Paulo Eduardo , Correia Farias Francisco José , de Carvalho Luiz Paulo , Nascimento Moysés , de Azevedo Peixoto Leonardo , Cruz Cosme Damião , Bhering Leonardo Lopes 
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas
There are genotype × environment interaction for cotton in Brazil
Genotype + genotype × environment interaction identified essential environments in Cerrado.
Brazilian Cerrado is divided in two mega‐environments.
In Brazil, cotton cultivars are tested annually in different environments at the final stages of breeding programs. Thus, identifying groups of environments with similar edaphoclimatic characteristics is crucial to determine the environments with higher discriminating ability of genotypes, known as essential environments. This work aimed to divide the Brazilian Cerrado environments into mega‐environments in relation to fiber yield of cotton genotypes and identify essential environments for the conduction of trials in each mega‐environment. Fiber yield was evaluated in 19 competition trials of cotton cultivars in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 seasons. The experimental design was a randomized block with 12 treatments and four replications. After verifying significant genotype × environment (G×E) interaction, mega‐environments and essential environments were identified using the genotype + G×E (GGE) biplot method. Two mega‐environments were detected. Mega‐environment 1 was formed by Santa Helena do Goias–Goiás State (GO), Primavera do Leste–Mato Grosso State (MT), and São Desidério–Bahia State (BA). Mega‐environment 2 was formed by: Trindade–Minas Gerais (MG), Campo Verde–MT, Pedra Preta–MT, Luiz Eduardo Magalhães–BA, Magalhães de Almeida–Maranhão State (MA), Teresina–Piauí State (PI), and Chapadão do Sul–Mato Grosso do Sul State (MS). Primavera do Leste in mega‐environment 1 and Pedra Preta in mega‐environment 2 are the optimal sites to conduct trials with cotton genotypes because due to high yield discriminating ability and more representative. This information is useful for breeders to plan the next steps for trials in the Brazilian Cerrado, minimizing resources, such as labor and trial time.
Impact of Flow Velocity on Transport of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles in Saturated Porous Media
Authors: Zhang Chunli , Yan An , Wang Gang , Jin Chao , Chen Yanhua , Shen Chongyang 
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas
We examined the influence of flow velocity on transport of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs).
Attachment efficiency (α) increased with increasing flow velocity for GONPs.
Hydrodynamic shear cannot release the attached GONPs, even from nanoscale asperities.
Increasing flow velocity increased attachment of GONPs at concave surfaces.
Saturated column experiments were conducted to systematically examine transport of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) in sand porous media at different solution ionic strengths (ISs) with different flow velocities. Results show that deposition of GONPs increase with decreasing IS. However, the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) interaction energy calculations using a surface element integration technique show that the energy barrier increases with increasing IS for the sheet‐shaped colloids interacting with a planar sand surface. In contrast, the presence of nanoscale protruding asperities (NPAs) can cause a decrease in the energy barrier with increasing IS, which facilitates the attachment in primary minima at higher IS. At a given IS, increasing flow velocity increases attachment efficiency on the rough sand surfaces. Torque analysis shows that the maximum hydrodynamic torques are smaller than the adhesive torques, even for GONPs located on the NPAs where the adhesions are the lowest. Consequently, the attachment efficiency cannot be reduced by increasing flow velocity. Additional column experiments confirm that deposited GONPs cannot be detached by increasing flow velocity. Conversely, increase of flow velocity may enhance approaching of GONPs in low‐flow regions such as concave areas of sand surfaces and subsequent attachment. Although it has been recognized in the literature that the presence of NPAs can cause decrease of attachment efficiency with increasing flow velocity for spherical colloids under both unfavorable and favorable chemical conditions, our results highlight a different role of surface roughness in attachment and detachment of sheet‐shaped colloids under unfavorable conditions.
Access to drinking water: time matters
Authors: Cassivi A. , Johnston R. , Waygood E. O. D. , Dorea C. C. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Despite the reported achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) with respect to drinking water, lack of access to water remains widespread worldwide. The indicator used there to measure access to water in the MDGs refers to the use of an improved water source. However, the amount of time spent in collecting water is high in countries where access to drinking water supplies located on premises is not common. 26.3% of the world's population did not have such access in 2015. Thus the need to travel to a water point, possibly queue, fill water containers, and carry them home is prevalent. The amount of time and effort used in water collection can be considerable, and household surveys increasingly provide data on collection time. This study aims to demonstrate the effect of adding a 30-minute collection time component to monitor access to drinking water. This study draws on household surveys from 17 countries to highlight the widespread burden of fetching water and its significant impact on estimates of coverage. The proportion of the population with access decreased by 13% on average for these 17 countries when collection time was added as a consideration.
Pyrazole and imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole Derivatives as New Potential Antituberculosis Agents
Authors: Meta Elda , Brullo Chiara , Tonelli Michele , Franzblau Scott G. , Wang Yuehong , Ma Rui , Baojie Wan , Orena Beatrice S. , Pasca Maria R. , Bruno Olga 
Published: May 2018

Background:We screened a large library of differently decorated imidazo-pyrazole and pyrazole derivatives as possible new antitubercular agents and this preliminary screening showed that many compounds are able to totally inhibit Mycobacterium growth (>90 %). Among the most active compounds, we selected some new possible hits based on their similarities and, at the same time, on their novelty with respect to the pipeline drugs. </P><P> Methods: In order to increase the potency and obtain more information about structure-activity relationship (SAR), we designed and synthesized three new series of compounds (2a–e, 3a–e, and 4a–l).Conclusion:Performed tests confirmed that both new pyrazoles and imidazo-pyrazoles could represent a new starting point to obtain more potent compounds and further work is now underway to identify the protein targets of this new class of anti-TB agents.