bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROW AND PLANT SPACING EFFECTS ON THE YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SAFFLOWER IN A MEDITERRANEAN-TYPE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: CALISKAN Sevgi , CALISKAN Mehmet Emin 
Published: October 2018

This study was conducted to determine the effects of inter-row and intra-row spacing on two safflower
cultivars under the Eastern Mediterranean conditions in Hatay, Turkey during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
growing seasons. The field experiments were laid out in a split split plot design with three replications with two
cultivars (Dincer and Remzibey) as a main plots, four inter-row spacing (15, 30, 45 and 60 cm) as sub-plot and
three intra-row spacing (5, 10 and 15 cm) as sub-subplot. Seed yield and yield-related traits were lower in both
cultivars in 2012 comparing to previous year probably due to lower rainfall. Two years’ data indicated that
cultivars, inter-row and intra-row spacing significantly affected growth, yield and yield components of
safflower. Increasing plants population reduced yield components and yield of individual plants, but increased
yield per unit area. Low plant density resulted in significantly higher branches/plant, heads/plant, seeds/head.
The highest seed yields per hektare were obtained with sowing safflower cultivars at 5 cm intra-row spacing in
45 cm spaced rows in 2011, and in 30 cm spaced rows in 2012. Our results indicated that higher plant density
can be advantageous under yield limiting conditions while sowing winter safflower at 45 x 5 cm inter- and
intra-row spacing can be recommended for regular seasons in Mediterranean-Type Environments.&nbsp;
IDENTIFICATION OF NEW QTL CONFERRING RESISTANCE TO ANTHRACNOSE (ASCOCHYTA RABIEI) IN A RIL POPULATION OF CHICKPEA
Authors: YILDIRIM Arzu , KAHRAMAN Abdullah , MUEHLBAUER Frederick John , TANYOLAC Bahattin 
Published: October 2018

Ascochyta blight (AB) is a consistent problem affecting large growing areas of chickpea in all countries where
this crop is cultivated. This disease is capable of causing large yield losses under conducive environmental
conditions. To characterize the genetics of resistance to AB in chickpea, a population consisting of 77
recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an inter-specific cross of Cicer arietinum (FLIP84-92C, resistant
parent) x Cicer reticulatum Lad. (PI 599072, susceptible parent) was used. Each RIL and the parents were
inoculated with blight spores by spraying. The RILs were scored for disease reactions under greenhouse
conditions at 20 °C in a 12 h photoperiod. A linkage map was constructed using RAPD markers. Eleven
linkage groups were obtained, of which three were small. The map spanned 889.1 cM with an average marker
density of 10.1 cM. Two QTL were detected on linkage groups 1 and 4, which together explained 31% of the
total phenotypic variation for AB resistance. These markers can improve precision of molecular breeding in
this population.&nbsp;
Community-University Action Research: Possibilities for Capacity Building
Authors: Mundell Leah , Garza Jorge , Austin Danielle , Arellano-Haring Aaron 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we explore a new university initiative that engages advanced undergraduate students in community-directed, interdisciplinary research where local organizations partner with student inquiry pods to research particular problems. We discuss one partnership with a community organizing group working to support issues important to the immigrant community: access to post-secondary education. This collaboration is expected to build the capacity of students, community members, and the organization itself, yet one of these groups may be privileged over the others at any given time. For whom do these collaborations bolster capacity? Can these collaborations advance social justice for and/or with immigrants?
ENVIRONMENT SCANNING (PEMETAAN LINGKUNGAN) PERUSAHAAN TAMBANG TERHADAP TARAF HIDUP MASYARAKAT SEKITAR
Authors: Welta Fretty 
Published: October 2018

Kabupaten Muara Enim yang memiliki potensi sumber daya alam yang melimpah, membuat tertariknya investor yang ingin menamamkan investasi terutama di tambang batubara. Sehingga Permasalahan lingkungan juga semakin menjadi perhatian yang serius, baik oleh konsumen, investor maupun pemerintah. Bagaimanakah Pemetaan Lingkungan perusahaan pertambangan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat di lingkungan perusahaan pertambangan. Riset dilakukan di Kecamatan Lawang Kidul Kabupaten Muara Enim, seperti diketahui kawasan Kec. Lawang Kidul memiliki perusahaan pertambangan yang dikelola oleh pihak swasta di bawah pengawasan Pemda setempat. Perusahaan yang ada, diharapkan dampak memberikan kontribusi bagi masyarakat dalam berbagai aspek sosial, budaya, lingkungan, dan ekonomi. Disinilah peran komitmen kuat perusahaan dalam bidang CSR bekerja sama dengan Perguruan Tinggi dalam menciptakan taraf hidup yang lebih baik bagi masyarakat, yang bukan sekedar kepedulian terhadap lingkungan.

Kata kunci : Environment Scanning, Tambang, Taraf Hidup
Self-Reported Postoperative Opioid-Prescribing Practices Following Commonly Performed Orthopaedic Hand and Wrist Surgical Procedures
Authors: Gaspar Michael P. , Pflug Emily M. , Adams Alexander J. , Jacoby Sidney M. , Shin Eon K. , Osterman A. Lee , Kane Patrick M. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Although orthopaedic surgeons have been shown to prescribe excessive amounts of opioid analgesics postoperatively, the degree in which surgical trainees contribute to this trend is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare self-reported opioid-prescribing behavior, factors influencing this behavior, and perceptions of patient opioid utilization and disposal between hand surgeons and trainees.

Methods:
Attending hand surgeons and trainees in hand, orthopaedic, and plastic surgery programs were invited to participate in a web-based survey including demographic characteristics; self-reported prescribing behavior specific to 4 procedures: open carpal tunnel release, trigger finger release, thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty, and distal radial fracture open reduction and internal fixation; and perceptions and influencing factors. Analgesic medications were converted to morphine milligram equivalents and were compared across groups of interest using independent t tests or analysis of variance for each procedure.

Results:
A total of 1,300 respondents (266 attending surgeons, 98 fellows, 708 orthopaedic residents, and 228 plastic surgery residents) were included. Surgeons reported prescribing fewer total morphine milligram equivalents compared with residents for all 4 procedures. Personal experience was the most influential factor for prescribing behavior by surgeons and fellows. Although residents reported that attending surgeon preference was their greatest influence, most reported no direct opioid-related communication with attending surgeons.

Conclusions:
Residents self-report prescribing significantly higher morphine milligram equivalents for postoperative analgesia following commonly performed hand and wrist surgical procedures than attending surgeons. Poor communication between residents and attending surgeons may contribute to this finding. Residents may benefit from education on opioid prescription, and training programs should encourage direct communication between trainees and attending surgeons.
High-Energy Pelvic Ring Disruptions with Complete Posterior Instability
Authors: Verbeek Diederik O. , Routt Milton L. 
Published: October 2018

* Accurate reduction and rigid internal fixation of anterior pelvic ring injuries enhances overall stability of the pelvic ring and augments posterior fixation constructs.* Closed reduction techniques can be highly effective for unstable pelvic ring disruptions and are preferable over open reduction methods.* Percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation is a generally safe and effective method of fixation of posterior pelvic ring injuries.* Multiple and longer (transiliac-transsacral) screws at both sacral segments are required to create a stronger screw construct for complete posterior pelvic disruptions.* Lumbopelvic fixation substantially augments iliosacral screw fixation and is particularly useful for comminuted transforaminal sacral fractures with associated vertical instability.
Physical Activities That Cause High Friction Moments at the Cup in Hip Implants
Authors: Bergmann Georg , Bender Alwina , Dymke Jörn , Duda Georg N. , Damm Philipp 
Published: October 2018

Background:
High friction moments in hip implants contribute to the aseptic loosening of cementless cups, of which there are approximately 100,000 cases per year; sustained joint loading may cause such high moments. The most “critical” physical activities associated with sustained joint loading were identified in this study.

Methods:
Friction moments in the cup were telemetrically measured about 33,000 times in the endoprostheses of 9 subjects during >1,400 different activities. The highest moments were compared with the cup’s fixation stability limit of approximately 4 Nm.

Results:
A total of 124 different activities caused friction moments meeting or exceeding the critical limit, with the highest value of 11.5 Nm. Most involved sustained high contact forces before or during the activity. The highest peak moments (6.3 to 11.5 Nm) occurred when moving the contralateral leg during 1-legged stance, during breaststroke swimming, muscle stretching, 2-legged stance with muscle contraction, and during static 1-legged stance. The median moments were highest (3.4 to 3.9 Nm) for unstable 1-legged stance, whole-body vibration training, 2-legged stance with an unexpected push at the upper body, 1-legged stance while exercising the contralateral leg, and running after 2-legged stance.

Conclusions:
Frequent unloading plus simultaneous movement of the joint are required to maintain good joint lubrication and keep the friction moments low. Frequent, sustained high loads before or during an activity may cause or contribute to aseptic cup loosening. During the first months after hip arthroplasty, such activities should be avoided or reduced as much as possible. This especially applies during postoperative physiotherapy. Whether these guidelines also apply for subjects with knee implants or arthrotic hip or knee joints requires additional investigation.

Clinical Relevance:
The risk of aseptic cup loosening may be reduced by avoiding sustained loading of hip implants without periodic joint movement.
Giant Ragweed Emergence Pattern Influenced by Spring Tillage Timing in Minnesota
Authors: Goplen Jared J. , Sheaffer Craig C. , Becker Roger L. , Coulter Jeffrey A. , Breitenbach Fritz R. , Behnken Lisa M. , Gunsolus Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
Delayed pre‐plant tillage effectively controls herbicide‐resistant giant ragweed.
Spring tillage did not affect total giant ragweed emergence.
Early tillage treatments suppressed giant ragweed emergence the week following tillage
Trained meta-models and evolutionary algorithm based multi-objective management of coastal aquifers under parameter uncertainty
Authors: Roy Dilip Kumar , Datta Bithin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Meta-model based coupled simulation-optimization methodology is an effective tool in developing sustainable saltwater intrusion management strategies for coastal aquifers. Such management strategies largely depend on the accuracy, reliability, and computational feasibility of meta-models and the numerical simulation model. However, groundwater models are associated with a certain amount of uncertainties, e.g. parameter uncertainty and uncertainty in prediction. This study addresses uncertainties related to input parameters of the groundwater flow and transport system by using a set of randomized input parameters. Three meta-models are compared to characterize responses of water quality in coastal aquifers due to groundwater extraction patterns under parameter uncertainty. The ensemble of the best meta-model is then coupled with a multi-objective optimization algorithm to develop a saltwater intrusion management model. Uncertainties in hydraulic conductivity, compressibility, bulk density, and aquifer recharge are incorporated in the proposed approach. These uncertainties in the physical system are captured by the meta-models whereas the prediction uncertainties of meta-models are further addressed by the ensemble approach. An illustrative multi-layered coastal aquifer system is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. Evaluation results indicate the capability of the proposed approach to develop accurate and reliable management strategies for groundwater extraction to control saltwater intrusion.
Groundwater productivity potential mapping using frequency ratio and evidential belief function and artificial neural network models: focus on topographic factors
Authors: Kim Jeong-Cheol , Jung Hyung-Sup , Lee Saro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study analysed groundwater productivity potential (GPP) using three different models in a geographic information system (GIS) for Okcheon city, Korea. Specifically, we have used variety topography factors in this study. The models were based on relationships between groundwater productivity (for specific capacity (SPC) and transmissivity (T)) and hydrogeological factors. Topography, geology, lineament, land-use and soil data were first collected, processed and entered into the spatial database. T and SPC data were collected from 86 well locations. The resulting GPP map has been validated in under the curve analysis area using well data not used for model training. The GPP maps using artificial neural network (ANN), frequency ratio (FR) and evidential belief function (EBF) models for T had accuracies of 82.19%, 81.15% and 80.40%, respectively. Similarly, the ANN, FR and EBF models for SPC had accuracies of 81.67%, 81.36% and 79.89%, respectively. The results illustrate that ANN models can be useful for the development of groundwater resources.
A reduced-order model for the regeneration of surface currents in Gorgan Bay, Iran
Authors: Kheirabadi Hassan , Noori Roohollah , Samani Jamal M. V. , Adamowski Jan Franklin , Ranjbar Mohammad Hassan , Zaker Naser Hajizadeh 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study developed a hydrodynamic reduced-order model (ROM) to regenerate surface currents in Gorgan Bay, Iran. The developed ROM was based on linking a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, MIKE3-FM, with a data reduction technique, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The MIKE3-FM model was first run to simulate surface currents in the bay under a real wind scenario for two years starting July 1, 2010. Thereafter, time and space steps of 6 hours and 500 m, respectively, were chosen to capture 2,920 snapshots of the simulated surface currents using the MIKE3-FM model on 1,937 grids in the bay. The snapshots were then used as input for the POD model to develop the ROM. By applying the POD on the snapshots, necessary spatial and temporal components of surface currents used to develop the ROM were calculated. Having spatial and temporal terms, two ROMs for regeneration of surface currents U and V in two directions x and y, respectively, were developed. Analysis of ROM results revealed they accurately regenerated surface currents using only the first ten modes (among 2,920 modes). Comparison of MIKE3-FM and ROMs developed by the first ten modes revealed there were only negligible differences between their results when they simulated and regenerated, respectively, U and V, in the bay.
Selection of optimal escape routes in a flood-prone area based on 2D hydrodynamic modelling
Authors: Guo Peng , Xia Junqiang , Zhou Meirong , Falconer Roger A. , Chen Qian , Zhang Xiaolei 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Optimizing escape routes during an extreme flood event is an effective way to mitigate casualties. In this study, a model for selecting optimal escape routes in a flood-prone area has been proposed, which includes a module for predicting the two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamics and modules for assessing the hazard degree for evacuees, calculation of evacuation times and determination of different escape routes. In the module for determining escape routes, two evacuation schemes were used: scheme A to find optimal escape routes based on established road networks and scheme B to design a new optimal evacuation route. Extreme overbank floods occurred in the Lower Yellow River (LYR) in July 1958 (‘58.7’) and August 1982 (‘82.8’) and the proposed model was applied to select the optimal escape routes on a typical floodplain area of the LYR for these two floods. Model predictions indicated that: (i) the optimal escape routes for these two floods were the same for all three starting locations, and the optimized routes provided 3 h more time for evacuees to escape; and (ii) the time of evacuation would need to be earlier for the ‘58.7’ flood because of its larger amount of water volume and higher peak discharge.
Variability of spatial patterns of autocorrelation and heterogeneity embedded in precipitation
Authors: Liu Dedi , Zhao Qin , Guo Shenglian , Liu Pan , Xiong Lihua , Yu Xixuan , Zou Hui , Zeng Yujie , Wang Zhaoli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpatial interpolation of precipitation data is an essential input for hydrological modelling. At present, the most frequently used spatial interpolation methods for precipitation are based on the assumption of stationary in spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity. As climate change is altering the precipitation, stationary in spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity should be first analysed before spatial interpolation methods are applied. This study aims to propose a framework to understand the spatial patterns of autocorrelation and heterogeneity embedded in precipitation using Moran's I, Getis–Ord test, and semivariogram. Variations in autocorrelation and heterogeneity are analysed by the Mann–Kendall test. The indexes and test methods are applied to the 7-day precipitation series which are corresponding to the annual maximum 7-day flood volume (P-AM7FV) upstream of the Changjiang river basin. The spatial autocorrelation of the P-AM7FV showed a statistically significant increasing trend over the whole study area. Spatial interpolation schemes for precipitation may lead to better estimation and lower error for the spatial distribution of the areal precipitation. However, owing to the changing summer monsoons, random variation in the spatial heterogeneity analysis shows a significant increasing trend, which reduces the reliability of the distributed hydrological model with the input of local or microscales.
Estimation of suspended sediment and dissolved solid load in a Mediterranean semiarid karst stream using log-linear models
Authors: Martínez-Salvador Alberto , Conesa-García Carmelo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany models have been developed to predict the sediment transport in watercourses. This paper attempts to test the effectiveness of log-linear models (LLM) to estimate the suspended (S-LMM), dissolved (D-LLM), and total suspended (T-LLM) load into a Mediterranean semiarid karst stream (the Argos River basin, in southeast Spain). An assessment of the supposed validity of each model and a leave-one-out cross-validation were carried out to determine their degree of statistical robustness. The T-LLM model showed higher prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.98, RMSE = 0.15, and PE = ±5.4–6.6%) than the D-LLM model (R2 = 0.97, RMSE = 0.16, and PE = ±5.5–6.8%) or the D-LLM model (R2 = 0.77, RMSE = 0.71, and PE = ±101–493%). In addition, different model variants, according to two flow patterns (FP1 = base flow and FP2 = rising water level), were developed. The FP2-SLLM model provided a very good fit (R2 = 0.94, RMSE = 0.34, and PE = ±25.3–61.5%), substantially improving the results of the S-LLM model.
Inter-comparison between retrospective ensemble streamflow forecasts using meteorological inputs from ECMWF and NOAA/ESRL in the Hudson River sub-basins during Hurricane Irene (2011)
Authors: Saleh F. , Ramaswamy V. , Georgas N. , Blumberg A. F. , Pullen J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the benefits of using multi-model meteorological ensembles in representing the uncertainty of hydrologic forecasts. An inter-comparison experiment was performed using meteorological inputs from different models corresponding to Hurricane Irene (2011), over three sub-basins of the Hudson River basin. The ensemble-based precipitation inputs were used as forcing in a hydrological model to retrospectively forecast hourly streamflow, with a 96-hour lead time. The inputs consisted of 73 ensemble members, namely one high-resolution ECMWF deterministic member, 51 ECMWF members and 21 NOAA/ESRL (GEFS Reforecasts v2) members. The precipitation inputs were resampled to a common grid using the bilinear resampling method that was selected upon analysing different resampling methods. The results show the advantages of forcing hydrologic forecasting systems with multi-model ensemble forecasts over using deterministic and single model ensemble forecasts. The work showed that using the median of all 73 ensemble streamflow forecasts relatively improved the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency and lowered the biases across the examined sub-basins, compared with using the ensemble median from an individual model. This research contributes to the growing literature that demonstrates the promising capabilities of multi-model systems to better describe the uncertainty in streamflow predictions.
Sanitation for all: a Panglossian perspective?
Authors: Das Priyam , Crowley Julia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
At the deadline for meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 2.1 billion (109) people had gained access to improved sanitation and 95 countries were able to meet the MDG sanitation target. However, 2.4 billion still lacked improved sanitation facilities. India is among those countries where open defecation stubbornly persists. Despite decades of government spending on the construction of toilets, and the recent Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) to eradicate open defecation, toilet use remains a challenge. To draw attention to the deep deficits in sanitation services in smaller Indian cities, we explore what motivates sanitation uptake by the urban poor. Household survey data from 13 low-income settlements combined with interviews, focus-group discussions, and transect walks in three cities in central India allowed us to examine factors that influenced resource-constrained households' toilet ownership and toilet use versus open defecation. Our findings indicate that in urban settings, toilet ownership could, in fact, deter open defecation given the presence of other key conditions. Programs to build toilets under the SBM could, therefore, see favorable outcomes in cities provided there is a broadening of access to sanitation to include fecal sludge management. Our findings also underscore the importance of coproducing basic services.