bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution of touristic flows in a gravity model in South America
Authors: Porto Natalia , Garbero Noelia , Espinola Natalia 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the determinants of international bilateral tourism demand in countries of Southern Common Market (specifically, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay) and Chile.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, an augmented gravity model is used to investigate the determinants of international bilateral tourism demand in countries of Southern Common Market. The novel aspect of the analysis is that three models of tourism are defined, depending on the spatial distribution of tourist arrivals and departures. An intra-regional model, an extra-regional model and a general model are estimated using a dynamic panel data model.

Findings
The results indicate that traditional gravity variables are significant in explaining bilateral inbound arrivals, but the characteristics and the behavior of the demand of tourism vary on whether the country belongs to the sub-regional bloc.

Research limitations/implications
The differences found in this paper might have some impacts on the desired design and direction of the touristic policies of each country.

Originality/value
This study analyzes the determinants of international tourism demand through different bilateral relationships, differentiating between intra- and extra-block tourisms.
Fiber Bragg grating sensor-based monitoring strategy for slope deformation in centrifugal model test
Authors: Guo Yongxing , Fu Jianjun , Li Longqi , Xiong Li 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Centrifugal model tests can accelerate the characterization of landslides and demonstrate the form of slope failure, which is an important measure to research its instability mechanisms. Simply observing the slope landslide before and after a centrifugal model test cannot reveal the processes involved in real-time deformation. Electromagnetic sensors have severed as an existing method for real-time measurement, however, this approach has significant challenges, including poor signal quality, interference, and complex implementation and wiring schemes. This paper aims to overcome the shortcomings of the existing measurement methods.

Design/methodology/approach
This work uses the advantages of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors with their small form-factor and potential for series multiplexing in a single fiber to demonstrate a monitoring strategy for model centrifugal tests. A slope surface deformation displacement sensor, FBG anchor sensor and FBG anti-slide piling sensor have been designed. These sensors are installed in the slope models, while centrifugal acceleration tests under 100 g are carried out.

Findings
FBG sensors obtain three types of deformation information, demonstrating the feasibility and validity of this measurement strategy.

Originality/value
The experimental results provide important details about instability mechanisms of a slope, which has great significance in research on slope model monitoring techniques and slope stability.
Responses of growing‐season soil respiration to water and nitrogen addition as affected by grazing intensity
Authors: Li Jianjun , Huang Yin , Xu Fengwei , Wu Liji , Chen Dima , Bai Yongfei 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Most grasslands in the world, including the semi‐arid steppe in China, are threatened by nitrogen deposition, precipitation change and livestock grazing, which greatly affect soil carbon processes (e.g. soil respiration). Although the individual effects of nitrogen deposition and precipitation change on soil respiration are well understood, how their effects on soil respiration are altered by different grazing intensities is unclear.

To determine how the effects of nitrogen deposition and precipitation change on soil respiration are affected by grazing intensity, we conducted an experiment in a semi‐arid steppe involving areas that experienced 10 years of no, light, moderate or heavy grazing. These areas were treated with water addition (110 mm, 30% of the mean annual precipitation) and nitrogen addition (10.5 g m−2 year−1).

Our results showed that relative to no grazing, grazing decreased growing‐season soil respiration by 10%–19%. The decline in soil respiration was mainly via its negative effects on above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) and the fungi:bacteria ratio with light grazing, mainly via its negative effects on ANPP and leaf nitrogen content with moderate grazing, and mainly via its negative effects on ANPP, root biomass, microbial biomass and the fungi:bacteria ratio with heavy grazing.

Across all grazing intensities, both water and water+nitrogen addition increased growing‐season soil respiration, whereas nitrogen addition decreased growing‐season soil respiration. Water addition increased growing‐season soil respiration mostly via its positive effect on ANPP with no grazing and with low grazing, and mostly via its positive effects on both plant and microbial variables with moderate and heavy grazing. The pathways determining the nitrogen addition‐induced decline in growing‐season soil respiration were the same within each of the four levels of grazing and mostly resulted from its negative effect on microbial variables.

Our results indicate that the effects of climate change on growing‐season soil respiration and other soil carbon processes in grasslands depend on grazing intensity. The findings suggest that grazing intensity should be considered in future manipulation experiments and should be included in carbon models to accurately simulate soil carbon dynamics under scenarios of climate change in grassland ecosystems.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Speak! Paradoxical Effects of a Managerial Culture of ‘Speaking Up’
Authors: Cunha Miguel Pina e , Simpson Ace Volkmann , Clegg Stewart R. , Rego Arménio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe explore the intrinsic ambiguity of speaking up in a multinational healthcare subsidiary. A culture change initiative, emphasizing learning and agility through encouraging employees to speak up, gave rise to paradoxical effects. Some employees interpreted a managerial tool for improving effectiveness as an invitation to raise challenging points of difference rather than as something ‘beneficial for the organization’. We show that the process of introducing a culture that aims to encourage employees to speak up can produce tensions and contradictions that make various types of organizational paradoxes salient. Telling people to ‘speak up!’ may render paradoxical tensions salient and even foster a sense of low PsySafe.
Narratives and gatekeeping: making sense of triage nurses’ practice
Authors: Johannessen Lars E.F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt is well documented that emergency service staff consider some patients to be ‘inappropriate attenders’. A central example is ‘trivia’, denoting patients with medical problems considered too ‘trivial’ to warrant attention. Although research has repeatedly shown that frontline staff violate guidelines in turning away ‘trivial’ patients, existing research has paid insufficient attention to why staff are willing to engage in guideline‐violating gatekeeping, which may put both themselves and ‘trivial’ patients at risk. To address this issue, the present article explores nurses’ narratives about ‘trivial’ patients – referred to in this context as ‘GP patients’ – drawing on fieldwork data from a Norwegian emergency service. The article reconstructs three narrative clusters, showing that nurses’ gatekeeping is motivated by concerns for the patient being turned away, for nurses and more critically ill patients, and for the service they work for. Some of the issues embedded in these narratives have been under‐analysed in previous research – most importantly, the role of identity and emotion in nurses’ gatekeeping, and how patient narratives can function as ‘social prognoses’ in nurses’ assessments. Analysis of these narratives also reveals an antagonistic relationship between nurses and ‘trivial’ patients that contradicts nurses’ ethical guidelines and indicates a need for healthcare reform.
E‐cigarettes, vaping and performativity in the context of tobacco denormalisation
Authors: Lucherini Mark , Rooke Catriona , Amos Amanda 
Published: April 2018

AbstractE‐cigarettes are devices through which a nicotine solution is ‘vapourised’ and inhaled by the user. Unlike cigarettes, the process involves no tobacco combustion. However, the inhalation and exhalation of vapour is reminiscent of smoking and there is debate about the possible harms and benefits of e‐cigarette use, including the ‘renormalisation’ of smoking. Despite these debates, there has been little exploration into the embodied and semiotic similarities between smoking and vaping. This paper views the practices of vaping and smoking through the lens of performativity that is, the accumulation of meaning associated with the habits over time and space. Through in‐depth interviews, we explore how young adults from primarily disadvantaged areas in Scotland, understand the similarity in practices between smoking and vaping. Participants talked about financial barriers to using different types of e‐cigarettes, and how their use reflected their views on smoking cessation. They also discussed the embodied similarities between smoking and vaping, with divergent opinions on whether this continuance of habit was beneficial or not, revealing still developing and ambiguous norms around performativity. The norms of vaping were also frequently discussed, with participants’ experiences and views reflecting the contested position of vaping in an environment where cigarette smoking is denormalised.
Habits and orders of everyday life: commensal adjustment in Anglo‐French couples
Authors: Darmon Isabelle , Warde Alan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper examines processes of habit reshuffling and change in different contexts of household formation, looking specifically at habits regarding eating and commensality. It is based on a study of 14 couples, each with one English and one French partner, half of whom live in France, half in England. We examine the interplay between partners, their determination to eat together as a couple, and the various ‘orders’ associated with their commensal pact (diets, routines, extra‐marital commensality), both when they start as couples and as parents of young children. We draw on the specificity of cross‐national couple experience to cast light on processes of adjustment – to one another, and to the new country of residence for the migrant partner. In particular, we explore the potential of notions of ‘split’ and ‘solid’ ‘patrimonies of incorporated habits’, ‘re‐shuffling’ of habits and dispositions, and ‘habit memory’, to characterize the dynamics of habits at play in each of the orders under scrutiny. Overall, the paper contributes to the analysis of habit as the ‘stuff’ of orders of everyday life.
Use of hand grip strength in nutrition risk screening of older patients admitted to general surgical wards
Authors: Byrnes Angela , Mudge Alison , Young Adrienne , Banks Merrilyn , Bauer Judy 
Published: April 2018

AimHand grip strength (HGS) has been proposed as an indicator of nutritional status that is objective, requires minimal assessor training and is quick to administer, making it attractive for use in the acute setting. This study aimed to determine the discriminatory ability of impaired HGS to screen for malnutrition in an older hospital population and assess the added value of combining this with existing screening tools.MethodsMeasures were undertaken during acute admission in patients ≥65 years admitted to general surgical wards. Impaired HGS was defined as a mean value below the lower limit of the 95% CI of population norms and observed HGS standardised as a percentage of this value. Nutritional risk was assessed using the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) and malnutrition defined as Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA) rating B or C. Discriminatory ability of impaired HGS to identify malnourished patients was tested using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsSeventy‐five patients (mean age: 74.0 (SD 6.7) years, 60% male) were recruited. Impaired HGS did not accurately identify malnutrition (AUC (95% CI): 0.41 (0.25–0.58), P < 0.001), nor did it improve discriminatory ability of the MST (AUC (95% CI), MST: 0.83 (0.71–0.95), P = 0.32; MST/HGS combined: 0.68 (0.51–0.86), P = 0.035).ConclusionsHGS was not found to be suitable in screening older inpatients for malnutrition during admission to surgical wards. As such, screening for nutrition risk using an existing validated tool to identify patients for further in‐depth nutritional assessment by an appropriately trained clinician remains the preferred method.
Management of vascular Behçet's disease
Authors: Alibaz‐Oner Fatma , Direskeneli Haner 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBehçet's disease (BD) is a chronic, multisystemic, inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent attacks of mucocutaneous, ocular, musculoskeletal, vascular, central nervous system and gastrointestinal manifestations. Treatment of BD changes according to organ involvement, gender and age of the patient with no golden standard therapeutic regimen. Vascular involvement is observed in up to 40% of the patients with BD, especially in young males and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity. Glucocorticoids, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide are still recommended as the first‐line treatments in vascular BD. However, increasing data with the tumor necrosis factor inhibitors suggest that these agents may also be acceptable options for the management of refractory vascular BD in daily practice. Anticoagulant usage for vascular BD is also still controversial with limited data coming from retrospective studies. There is a clear need for randomized, controlled studies for the management of VBD.
Spread of injectate around hip articular sensory branches of the femoral nerve in cadavers
Authors: Nielsen N. D. , Greher M. , Moriggl B. , Hoermann R. , Nielsen T. D. , Børglum J. , Bendtsen T. F. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundAnatomical knowledge dictates that regional anaesthesia after total hip arthroplasty requires blockade of the hip articular branches of the femoral and obturator nerves. A direct femoral nerve block increases the risk of fall and impedes mobilisation. We propose a selective nerve block of the hip articular branches of the femoral nerve by an ultrasound‐guided injection in the plane between the iliopsoas muscle and the iliofemoral ligament (the iliopsoas plane). The aim of this study was to assess whether dye injected in the iliopsoas plane spreads to all hip articular branches of the femoral nerve.MethodsFifteen cadaver sides were injected with 5 mL dye in the iliopsoas plane guided by ultrasound. Dissection was performed to verify the spread of injectate around the hip articular branches of the femoral nerve.ResultsIn 10 dissections (67% [95% confidence interval: 38‐88%]), the injectate was contained in the iliopsoas plane staining all hip articular branches of the femoral nerve without spread to motor branches. In four dissections (27% [8‐55%]), the injection was unintentionally made within the iliopectineal bursa resulting in secondary spread. In one dissection (7% [0.2‐32%]) adhesions partially obstructed the spread of dye.ConclusionAn injection of 5 mL in the iliopsoas plane spreads around all hip articular branches of the femoral nerve in 10 of 15 cadaver sides. If these findings translate to living humans, injection of local anaesthetic into the iliopsoas plane could generate a selective sensory nerve block of the articular branches of the femoral nerve without motor blockade.
Silencing synaptic MicroRNA‐411 reduces voluntary alcohol consumption in mice
Authors: Most Dana , Salem Nihal A. , Tiwari Gayatri R. , Blednov Yuri A. , Mayfield R. Dayne , Harris R. Adron 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChronic alcohol consumption alters the levels of microRNAs and mRNAs in the brain, but the specific microRNAs and processes that target mRNAs to affect cellular function and behavior are not known. We examined the in vivo manipulation of previously identified alcohol‐responsive microRNAs as potential targets to reduce alcohol consumption. Silencing of miR‐411 by infusing antagomiR‐411 into the prefrontal cortex of female C57BL/6J mice reduced alcohol consumption and preference, without altering total fluid consumption, saccharin consumption, or anxiety‐related behaviors. AntagomiR‐411 reduced alcohol consumption when given to mice exposed to a chronic alcohol drinking paradigm but did not affect the acquisition of consumption in mice without a history of alcohol exposure, suggesting that antagomiR‐411 has a neuroadaptive, alcohol‐dependent effect. AntagomiR‐411 decreased the levels of miR‐411, as well as the association of immunoprecipitated miR‐411 with Argonaute2; and, it increased levels of Faah and Ppard mRNAs. Moreover, antagomiR‐411 increased the neuronal expression of glutamate receptor AMPA‐2 protein, a known alcohol target and a predicted target of miR‐411. These results suggest that alcohol and miR‐411 function in a homeostatic manner to regulate synaptic mRNA and protein, thus reversing alcohol‐related neuroadaptations and reducing chronic alcohol consumption.
Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework and Multiple Streams policy theories to examine the role of evidence, research and other types of knowledge in drug policy
Authors: Ritter Alison , Hughes Caitlin Elizabeth , Lancaster Kari , Hoppe Robert 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsThe prevailing ‘evidence‐based policy’ paradigm emphasizes a technical–rational relationship between alcohol and drug research evidence and subsequent policy action. However, policy process theories do not start with this premise, and hence provide an opportunity to consider anew the ways in which evidence, research and other types of knowledge impact upon policy. This paper presents a case study, the police deployment of drug detection dogs, to highlight how two prominent policy theories [the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) and the Multiple Streams (MS) approach] explicate the relationship between evidence and policy.MethodsThe two theories were interrogated with reference to their descriptions and framings of evidence, research and other types of knowledge. The case study methodology was employed to extract data concerned with evidence and other types of knowledge from a previous detailed historical account and analysis of drug detection dogs in one Australian state (New South Wales). Different types of knowledge employed across the case study were identified and coded, and then analysed with reference to each theory. A detailed analysis of one key ‘evidence event’ within the case study was also undertaken.ResultsFive types of knowledge were apparent in the case study: quantitative program data; practitioner knowledge; legal knowledge; academic research; and lay knowledge. The ACF highlights how these various types of knowledge are only influential inasmuch as they provide the opportunity to alter the beliefs of decision‐makers. The MS highlights how multiple types of knowledge may or may not form part of the strategy of policy entrepreneurs to forge the confluence of problems, solutions and politics.ConclusionsNeither the Advocacy Coalition Framework nor the Multiple Streams approach presents an uncomplicated linear relationship between evidence and policy action, nor do they preference any one type of knowledge. The implications for research and practice include the contestation of evidence through beliefs (Advocacy Coalition Framework), the importance of venues for debate (Advocacy Coalition Framework), the way in which data and indicators are transformed into problem specification (Multiple Streams) and the importance of the policy (‘alternatives’) stream (Multiple Streams).
Cross‐sectional study showed that breakfast consumption was associated with demographic, clinical and biochemical factors in children and adolescents
Authors: Silva Fabiana A. , Padez Cristina , Sartorelli Daniela S. , Oliveira Renata M. S. , Netto Michele P. , Mendes Larissa L. , Cândido Ana Paula C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimWe investigated the demographic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and behavioural factors associated with children and adolescents who missed breakfast.MethodsThis 2012 cross‐sectional study was carried out in the city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil, with a sample of 684 students: 191 children aged 7–9 and 493 adolescents aged 10–14. Data on demographic, physical activity and breakfast consumption were based on a 24‐hour recall record and a three‐day dietary record. Weight, height, body fat, waist circumference and blood pressure were also measured. Finally, samples were collected for analysis of blood total cholesterol, low‐density and high‐density lipoproteins, triglycerides and glucose. The statistics are presented as prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence (95% CI) intervals.ResultsMissing breakfast was more common among adolescents than children (30% versus 22%) and among girls of all ages than among boys (33% versus 22%). It was also associated with children, but not adolescents, with increased levels of diastolic blood pressure (PR 5.6, 95% CI 1.8–17.4), total cholesterol (PR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.9) and low‐density lipoprotein (PR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5–2.9).ConclusionMissing breakfast was more common among adolescents and females and associated with increased levels of diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein in children.
Real‐world use of elbasvir‐grazoprevir in patients with chronic hepatitis C: retrospective analyses from the TRIO network
Authors: Flamm S. L. , Bacon B. , Curry M. P. , Milligan S. , Nwankwo C. U. , Tsai N. , Younossi Z. , Afdhal N. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundElbasvir‐grazoprevir is indicated for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1 and 4.AimTo evaluate the utilization and outcomes of chronic HCV patients treated with elbasvir‐grazoprevir in the United States.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults treated with elbasvir‐grazoprevir with or without ribavirin for chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection. Data were collected from healthcare providers and specialty pharmacies through Innervation Platform, a proprietary, cloud‐based disease management program from Trio Health. The primary endpoint was per protocol sustained virological response 12 weeks post‐treatment (SVR12).ResultsAmong 470 patients treated in 2016, 95% had HCV genotype 1 infection, 80% (373/468) were HCV treatment naïve and 70% (327/468) had non‐cirrhotic disease. Almost 3 quarters (73%) of patients received care in community practices. The majority (89%) of patients received elbasvir‐grazoprevir for 12 weeks. Per protocol SVR12 rates were 99% (396/402) for HCV genotype 1 and 95% (21/22) for HCV genotype 4. Among patients with Stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney diseases, 99% (113/114) achieved SVR12. In univariate analyses, variables significantly associated with per protocol SVR12 for the entire sample were therapy duration (P = 0.001), treatment experience (P = 0.016), and cirrhosis status (P = 0.001). However, among HCV genotype 1 patients, no variables were significant. Intent‐to‐treat SVR12 rates were 89% (396/447) for HCV genotype 1 and 91% (21/23) for HCV genotype 4.ConclusionElbasvir‐grazoprevir is highly effective, and in this 2016 cohort, its use was predominantly in patients with HCV genotype 1 and as a 12‐week therapy without ribavirin.