bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐nursing tasks as experienced by nurses: a descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Grosso S. , Tonet S. , Bernard I. , Corso J. , De Marchi D. , Dorigo L. , Funes G. , Lussu M. , Oppio N. , Pais dei Mori L. , Palese A. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundDifferent concepts have been used to date (e.g. non‐nursing tasks, organizational work) to define tasks performed by clinical nurses other than nursing care. However, the true essence of nursing work is still poorly understood mostly because nurses are lacking an appropriate lexicon to describe their practice.AimsTo describe non‐nursing tasks as experienced by nurses, exploring antecedents and consequences as perceived in daily practice.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study from 2015 to 2016. A purposeful sample of nurses was approached. Semi‐structured interviews were used, and content analysis was performed on audio‐recorded and verbatim‐transcribed interviews.FindingsA total of 22 nurses participated, the majority of whom were female (16; 72.7%) and their average age was 42.6 years. The concept of ‘Non‐nursing tasks’ is limited in describing what nurses experience in daily practice; the concept of ‘Being out of the nursing role’ emerged as being fully descriptive of the nurses’ experience and this can occur in two dimensions: outside and inside the role of other healthcare professions. The first dimension includes administrative work separating nurses from patients. The second dimension was reported to happen in proximity to patients but in three different directions towards professions requiring: (a) less education (e.g. healthcare assistants), (b) the same amount of education at university level (e.g. physiotherapists), and (c) higher education at university level as compared to nurses, thus performing activities expected by physicians. Antecedents of ‘Being out of the nursing role’ have been identified at the organizational, individual and educational levels; their consequences have been reported at the patient, professional and organizational levels.ConclusionNurses play various non‐nursing roles, below, above and in the horizontal levels, both inside and outside other healthcare professionals’ role, mainly as a result of their felt moral obligation to offer the best to their patients, the organization's demand to nurses and the imprinting of nursing education.Implications for nursing/health policyStrategies at the nursing professional and policy levels are needed aimed at (a) supporting nurses in optimizing their professional identity, (b) sharing their sense of moral obligation towards patients with other healthcare professionals, and (c) implementing models of care based on interprofessional cooperation.
HnRNPL inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs stimulated by SrCl2 through repressing Setd2
Authors: Jia Xiaoshi , Miron Richard J. , Yin Chengcheng , Xu Hudi , Luo Tao , Wang Jiwei , Jia Rong , Wu Min , Zhang Yufeng , Li Yuhong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOsteoporosis has been shown to intensify bone loss caused by periodontitis and both share common risk factors. One strategy utilized to manage the disease has been via the release of Sr ions by Strontium Ranelate having a direct effect on preventing osteoclast activation and promoting osteoblast differentiation. Previously we have developed and characterized porous Sr‐mesoporous bioactive glass (Sr‐MBG) scaffolds and demonstrated their ability to promote periodontal regeneration when compared to MBG alone. Our group further discovered a splicing factor, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNPL), was drastically down‐regulated in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLCs) stimulated by Sr through the activation of AKT pathway. Furthermore, hnRNPL restrained the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs through down‐regulating H3K36me3‐specific methyltransferase Setd2. The goal of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of periodontal regeneration stimulated by Sr It was first found that the epigenetic mechanism of splicing factor hnRNPL participated in the osteogenesis processing of PDLCs stimulated by SrCl2. Meanwhile, the different role of hnRNPL and SET domain containing 2 (Setd2) may provide some implication of the treatment of periodontitis patients simultaneously suffering from osteoporosis.
Learning new relational categories by children with autism spectrum disorders, children with typical development and children with intellectual disabilities: effects of comparison and familiarity on systematicity
Authors: Hetzroni O. E. , Hessler M. , Shalahevich K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSystematicity principle, used during analogical reasoning, enables building up deeper abstract concepts as part of structure mapping. The purpose of this study was to investigate structure mapping processes that occur during acquisition of new relational categories and to identify the learning patterns and systematicity of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and typical development (TD). Comparison effect and level of familiarity were used to investigate structural mapping processes.MethodsThree groups of 24 children participated in the study. Using a computer program, participants were asked to select a perceptual or relational choice based on one or two standards using illustrations depicting new relational categories in various spatial configurations. Known, partially known and unknown illustrations were used in depicting three levels of familiarity.ResultsAll three groups selected perceptual choices when one standard was available (no comparison). However, when two standards were available, enabling a comparison, children with IDD and TD increased their tendency for selecting abstract relational categories, while children with ASD did not change their preference and continued selecting perceptual choices. Level of familiarity increased selection of relational choices among children with TD and IDD but not among children with ASD.ConclusionsSystematicity principle was evident mostly in the selection of relational choices by children with TD and IDD when the illustrations were known or partially known. Hence, even when an opportunity to compare and to use previously known information was available, structure mapping processes and systematicity were implemented to align information among children TD and IDD but failed to assist the learning of new relational categories among children with ASD.
Knowledge, attitude and ethical consideration of Chinese couples requesting preimplantation genetic testing in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Sophelia H. S. , Li Raymond H. W. , Lee Vivian C. Y. , Tang Mary H. Y. , Ng Ernest H. Y. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimIncreasing preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) cycles are being performed in Hong Kong. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and ethical consideration of Chinese couples toward PGT.MethodsCouples requesting PGT between June 2013 and March 2014 were invited to complete a questionnaire.ResultsTotal 49 couples (49 women, 47 men) completed the questionnaires. Eighteen couples (37%) were waiting for PGT (pre‐PGT group), 15 couples (31%) were undergoing PGT (PGT group) and 16 couples (32%) had completed at least one PGT cycle (post‐PGT group). Only 53% of the couples could tell the recurrent risk, and 31% (with monogenic disorders) could tell the mode of inheritance of their condition. The acceptability of PGT (>80%) and attitude toward the embryo fate (58–78%) were good. The post‐PGT group had more concern than the PGT and pre‐PGT groups on the prenatal diagnostic testing (**P = 0.007). 12.5% of the couples worried about the transfer of healthy embryos with carrier state and they all had monogenic disorders. If the prenatal testing confirmed an affected fetus, a higher percentage (32%) in the Post‐PGT group disagreed to terminate the pregnancy in contrast to a much lower 6% in the pre‐PGT group (**P = 0.02). Three‐quarter of the couples opted to tell their child about their conception through PGT.ConclusionChinese couples in Hong Kong had an overall good acceptability and positive attitude toward PGT. We appreciate the difficulties the couples have gone through PGT. A checklist on what to cover pre‐during‐post‐PGT in the counseling process is needed.
The meiosis‐specific APC activator FgAMA1 is dispensable for meiosis but important for ascosporogenesis in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Hao Chaofeng , Yin Jinrong , Sun Manli , Wang Qinhu , Liang Jie , Bian Zhuyun , Liu Huiquan , Xu Jin‐Rong 
Published: February 2019

SummaryAscospores are the primary inoculum in Fusarium graminearum. Interestingly, 70 of its genes have premature stop codons (PSC) and require A‐to‐I editing during sexual reproduction to encode full‐length proteins, including the ortholog of yeast Ama1, a meiosis‐specific activator of APC/C. In this study, we characterized the function of FgAMA1 and its PSC editing. FgAMA1 was specifically expressed during sexual reproduction. The Fgama1 mutant was normal in growth and perithecium formation but defective in ascospogenesis. Instead of forming four‐celled, uninucleate ascospores, Fgama1 mutant produced oval, single‐celled, binucleated ascospores by selfing. Some mutant ascospores began to bud and underwent additional mitosis inside asci. Expression of the wild‐type or edited FgAMA1 but not the uneditable allele complemented Fgama1. In the Fgama1 x mat‐1‐1 outcross, over 60% of the asci had eight Fgama1 or intermediate (elongated but single‐celled) ascospores, suggesting efficient meiotic silencing of unpaired FgAMA1. Deletion of FgPAL1, one of the genes upregulated in Fgama1 also resulted in defects in ascospore morphology and budding. Overall, our results showed that FgAMA1 is dispensable for meiosis but important for ascospore formation and discharge. In F. graminearum, whereas some of its targets are functional during meiosis, FgAma1 may target other proteins that function after spore delimitation.
Genetic diversity, population structure and rickettsias in Amblyomma ovale in areas of epidemiological interest for spotted fever in Brazil
Authors: Bitencourth K. , Amorim M. , de Oliveira S. V. , Voloch C. M. , Gazêta G. S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAmblyomma ovale (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Koch, 1844 is widely‐reported in the neotropical region and is the main vector in the epidemic cycle of Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest, a bioagent of a milder variety of spotted fever (SF). Because species with wide geographical distributions are known to exhibit variations that influence their vectorial capacity, the present study aimed to analyze genetic diversity and rickettsia infection of A. ovale collected during the investigation and surveillance of SF cases in the Cerrado and Atlantic rainforest (ARF) Brazilian biomes. Samples had their DNA extracted, amplified and sequenced for 16S rDNA, 12S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit II and D‐loop markers for tick analyses, as well as the gltA, htrA, ompA and ompB genes for rickettsia detection. Between 11 and 33 A. ovale haplotypes were identified, all of them exclusive to areas within individual analyzed biome areas. The A. ovale populations appeared to be structured, with Cluster I restricted to Cerrado + ARF isolated in Caatinga and Cluster II to ARF continuous area. Rickettsia bellii, R. parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest (first report for Goiás state, Cerrado), Rickettsia asemboensis (first record in A. ovale for Brazil) and Rickettsia felis (first detection in this ixodid) were identified. A. ovale clusters were not associated with rickettsia types.
Neutrophilic Panniculitis in a child with MYSM1 deficiency
Authors: Nanda Arti , Al‐Abboh Hanan , Zahra Akmal , Al‐Sabah Humoud , Gupta Arun , Adekile Adekunle D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNeutrophilic panniculitis (NP) with myelodysplasia has been described in adults but not in children. We report a case of NP associated with myelodysplasia in a child with MYSM1 deficiency, a newly described syndrome with primary immunodeficiency (PI), bone marrow failure, and developmental aberrations.
Preparing preservice elementary teachers to teach engineering: Impact on self‐efficacy and outcome expectancy
Authors: Perkins Coppola Matthew 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResearch indicates there is a need for teachers to experience multiple mastery experiences with engineering teaching in order to improve teaching engineering self‐efficacy. To prepare future K–5 teachers to teach the engineering design process, one science methods course integrated 2‐day engineering mini‐units into the class meeting and school‐based field experience. The preservice teachers participated as students in an exemplar mini‐unit and then designed their own mini‐unit, which they later taught to K–5 students. Pre‐ and post‐testing of the preservice teachers indicated significant improvement in engineering pedagogical content knowledge self‐efficacy, engagement self‐efficacy, and disciplinary self‐efficacy. Significant improvement was not observed in engineering outcome expectancy.
Socioeconomic Status and Fertility Decline in Burkina Faso, 2003-2015
Authors: Bahan Dalomi , Dramani Latif 
Published: February 2019

The paper proposes to clarify whether fertility decline in Burkina Faso between 2003 and 2015 is explained by the differential distributions (composition effect and response effect) with focus on socioeconomic status (women’s education, women’s occupation and poverty). Using data from 2003 demographic and health survey (DHS) and 2015 demographic and health module of the Multisectoral Continuous Survey, we applied an extension of Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition approach to quantify the percentage of fertility decline attributable to distribution of the socio-economic status (composition effect) and the percentage attributable to women’s fertility behavior (response effect) attributable to socio-economic status. We find the fertility decline is mainly explain to changes in the distribution of women according the different factors. Indeed, the composition effect represents 88% and only 12% for the response effect. Moreover, composition effect for socio-economic factors is estimated to 85.13% and the response effect is estimated to 34.23%. These results suggest (i) to encourage girl’s education by enrolling them in school but particularly by ensuring that they go at least to secondary school; (ii) create a minimum package of services for the promotion of modern methods of contraception, particularly for women working in agriculture and trade sector as well as those from poor households and living in rural areas; (iii) promote domestic work to allow more women to be interested.
The wide spectrum of ultrasound diagnosis of holoprosencephaly
Authors: Ionescu Cringu Antoniu , Vladareanu Simona , Tudorache Stefania , Ples Liana , Herghelegiu Catalin , Neacsu Adrian , Navolan Dan , Dragan Ioana , Oprescu Daniela Nuti 
Published: February 2019

Aim: Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common brain malformation. A wide spectrum of anatomical variants are characterized by a lack of midline separation of the cerebral hemispheres. The aim of this study was to assess the ultrasound diagnostic criteria for HPE.Material and method: A database of 175 fetuses with central nervous system anomalies identified by ultrasound was collected retrospectively from 2006 to 2016 in this multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Among them 18 cases (10.2%) with HPE were identified.Results: The prevalence of HPE was 2.5:10.000 with the sex distributionmale:female of 1:1.6. Six cases were alobar subtype, 3 were semilobar, 7 were lobar and 2 were middle interhemispheric variant. In the second trimester, we consider that the abnormal fusion of the lateral ventricles and the absence of the cavum septum pellucidum are the most important landmarks for HPE. Facial abnormalities varied considerably.Conclusion: This study illustrates the heterogeneity of HPE with different cerebral and facial appearances.
Pectoralis muscle metastases from breast cancer in a young patient detected by automated breast ultrasound
Authors: Ciurea Anca Ileana , Boca Ioana , Rogojan Liliana , Ciule Larisa Dorina , Ciortea Cristiana Augusta 
Published: February 2019

Metastases to the skeletal muscle from breast cancer represent an unusual and rare condition. We present the case of a 27-year-old female with left breast cancer (IDC NST G3) who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by conservativesurgery (sectorectomy and lymphadenectomy) and radiation therapy. Two months after the end of radiotherapy she presented with a 2 mm skin lesion and she was referred for a screening ultrasound. The screening automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) revealed local recurrence and pectoralis metastases, lesions evaluated also by magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnosis was confirmed by the ultrasound-guided biopsy.
Contemporary Nutrition Strategies to Optimize Performance in Distance Runners and Race Walkers
Authors: Burke Louise M. , Jeukendrup Asker E. , Jones Andrew M. , Mooses Martin 
Published: February 2019

Distance events in Athletics include cross country, 10,000-m track race, half-marathon and marathon road races, and 20- and 50-km race walking events over different terrain and environmental conditions. Race times for elite performers span ∼26 min to >4 hr, with key factors for success being a high aerobic power, the ability to exercise at a large fraction of this power, and high running/walking economy. Nutrition-related contributors include body mass and anthropometry, capacity to use fuels, particularly carbohydrate (CHO) to produce adenosine triphosphate economically over the duration of the event, and maintenance of reasonable hydration status in the face of sweat losses induced by exercise intensity and the environment. Race nutrition strategies include CHO-rich eating in the hours per days prior to the event to store glycogen in amounts sufficient for event fuel needs, and in some cases, in-race consumption of CHO and fluid to offset event losses. Beneficial CHO intakes range from small amounts, including mouth rinsing, in the case of shorter events to high rates of intake (75–90 g/hr) in the longest races. A personalized and practiced race nutrition plan should balance the benefits of fluid and CHO consumed within practical opportunities, against the time, cost, and risk of gut discomfort. In hot environments, prerace hyperhydration or cooling strategies may provide a small but useful offset to the accrued thermal challenge and fluid deficit. Sports foods (drinks, gels, etc.) may assist in meeting training/race nutrition plans, with caffeine, and, perhaps nitrate being used as evidence-based performance supplements.
Use of modified intention-to-treat analysis in studies of direct oral anticoagulants and risk of selection bias: a systematic review
Authors: Rainville Tristan , Laskine Mikhael , Durand Madeleine 
Published: February 2019

Background
Following their evaluation in randomised controlled trials (RCTs), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have replaced warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF), and treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). To avoid selection bias, it is recommended that RCTs use an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis strategy.

Objective
The objective of this study was to systematically review and compare reported analytical strategies, the proportion of randomised patients included in analyses and the reasons for participant exclusions.

Study selection
A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library for phase III trials of DOACs was conducted. Titles and abstracts were screened for relevance by two independent reviewers. Patient population, intervention studied, number of patients included in randomisation and analysis, reasons for exclusions from analysis and trial conclusions were extracted from each article.

Findings
Twenty-nine studies were included, five were about stroke prevention in AF, 10 about VTE treatment and 14 about thromboprophylaxis. Trials of AF and VTE treatment had low proportions of postrandomisation exclusions (around 1%). In contrast, surgical and medical thromboprophylaxis trials excluded almost 30% of participants postrandomisation. This was in spite of authors’ claims of using an ITT or modified ITT approach. Higher exclusion proportions in these trials were associated with non-clinically defined primary outcomes and incomplete outcome assessments.

Conclusions
Clinicians should be aware that the level of evidence in favour of DOAC use for thromboprophylaxis is weak due to high rates of postrandomisation exclusions and risks of selection bias.
Microbial bile salt hydrolases mediate the efficacy of faecal microbiota transplant in the treatment of recurrentClostridioides difficileinfection
Authors: Mullish Benjamin H , McDonald Julie A K , Pechlivanis Alexandros , Allegretti Jessica R , Kao Dina , Barker Grace F , Kapila Diya , Petrof Elaine O , Joyce Susan A , Gahan Cormac G M , Glegola-Madejska Izabela , Williams Horace R T , Holmes Elaine , Clarke Thomas B , Thursz Mark R , Marchesi Julian R 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveFaecal microbiota transplant (FMT) effectively treats recurrentClostridioides difficileinfection (rCDI), but its mechanisms of action remain poorly defined. Certain bile acids affectC. difficilegermination or vegetative growth. We hypothesised that loss of gut microbiota-derived bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) predisposes to CDI by perturbing gut bile metabolism, and that BSH restitution is a key mediator of FMT’s efficacy in treating the condition.DesignUsing stool collected from patients and donors pre-FMT/post-FMT for rCDI, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) bile acid profiling, BSH activity measurement, and qPCR ofbsh/baiCD genes involved in bile metabolism. Human data were validated inC. difficilebatch cultures and a C57BL/6 mouse model of rCDI.ResultsFrom metataxonomics, pre-FMT stool demonstrated a reduced proportion of BSH-producing bacterial species compared with donors/post-FMT. Pre-FMT stool was enriched in taurocholic acid (TCA, a potentC. difficilegerminant); TCA levels negatively correlated with key bacterial genera containing BSH-producing organisms. Post-FMT samples demonstrated recovered BSH activity andbsh/baiCD gene copy number compared with pretreatment (p<0.05). In batch cultures, supernatant from engineeredbsh-expressingE. coliand naturally BSH-producing organisms (Bacteroides ovatus, Collinsella aerofaciens, Bacteroides vulgatusandBlautia obeum) reduced TCA-mediatedC. difficilegermination relative to culture supernatant of wild-type (BSH-negative)E. coli. C. difficiletotal viable counts were ~70% reduced in an rCDI mouse model after administration ofE. coliexpressing highly active BSH relative to mice administered BSH-negativeE. coli(p<0.05).ConclusionRestoration of gut BSH functionality contributes to the efficacy of FMT in treating rCDI.