bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of different charge transfer modes in upward flashes inferred from simultaneously measured currents and fields
Authors: He Lixia , Azadifar Mohammad , Li Quanxin , Rubinstein Marcos , Rakov Vladimir A. , Mediano Arturo , Pavanello Davide , Rachidi Farhad 
Published: May 2019

The authors present an analysis of different charge transfer modes during upward negative flashes. The analysis includes a total number of 94 pulses that occurred during two upward negative flashes recorded at the Säntis Tower. The pulses included 59 mixed‐mode (MM) initial continuous current (ICC) pulses, 17 M‐component‐type ICC (M‐ICC) pulses, 8 return‐stroke pulses, and 10 classical M‐component (MC) pulses. It is found that the initial stage of the flash is responsible for the largest share of the total charge transferred to the ground. Simulation results for the electric fields associated with the considered charge transfer modes are presented and discussed. Return stroke (RS) and MM pulses were simulated adopting the MTLE model, while MCs and M‐ICC pulses were simulated using the guided wave model of Rakov et al. The simulated results are shown to be in good agreement with simultaneous records of electric fields measured at a distance of 15 km from the Säntis Tower. The inferred velocities for MCs and M‐ICC pulses range from 2.0 × 107 to 9.0 × 107 m/s, and the corresponding junction point heights range from 1.0 to 2.0 km. The inferred pulse velocities for RSs and MM pulses range from 1.3 × 108 to 1.65 × 108 m/s. The inferred current attenuation constants of the MTLE model obtained in this study range from 0.3 to 0.8 km, lower than the value of 2 km previously suggested for RSs in downward flashes. The obtained results support the assumption that the mode of charge transfer to the ground giving rise to MM pulses is similar to that of RSs. The results are also in support of the generally assumed similarity between M‐ICC pulses and classical MCs.
Die intestinale Mikrobiota in der Onkologie
Authors: Schütz Burkhard , Hofmann Heiko , Deutschbein Ricarda 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDas physiologische intestinale Mikrobiom (Bakterien des Darmes) ist wesentlich für Funktion und Integrität des Darmes. Mikrobiom-Abweichungen können für die onkologische Therapie wichtige Hinweise liefern: Ein vermehrtes Auftreten des als invasiv bekannten Sulfatreduzierers Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) im Mikrobiom zeigt eine hohe Korrelation mit dem Auftreten des kolorektalen Karzinoms. Hintergrund ist die Eigenschaft von FN, am Darmepithel ein entzündliches Mikroklima zu erzeugen, das den Darm schädigt und die Tumorprogression ebenso fördert wie die durch FN erzeugte Freisetzung des Transkriptionsfaktors NF-κB über die Expression von Onkogenen und weiteren proinflammatorischen Genprodukten. Darüber hinaus lässt FN die T-Zell-Dichte und -Aktivität sinken und hemmt so die Tumorabwehr. Weiterhin aktivieren proentzündliche Zytokine den Abbau der Aminosäure Tryptophan (TRP) zu Kynurenin. Damit wird einerseits TRP der Proteinbio- und der Serotoninsynthese entzogen. Andererseits sind erhöhte Kynurenin-Spiegel mit verringerten Überlebensraten assoziiert, da Kynurenin immunsuppressiv wirkt. Eine Therapie, die auf den Darm, seine Mikrobiota und das Eindämmen der Entzündung abzielt, kann die negativen Auswirkungen eingrenzen und die Regeneration und Remission des Patienten unterstützen.
Welches ist der Stellenwert der Luft-Plethysmographie zur
Diagnostik der Iliakal-Venen-Obstruktion?
Authors: Mendoza Erika , Lattimer Christopher R. 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDurch die Möglichkeit der Stenteinlage in iliakale Venen scheint die Behandlung
der zentralen Obstruktion ein leichtes Unterfangen geworden zu sein. Allerdings
bedingt diese Behandlung eine zumindest vorübergehende Antikoagulation – und der
Stent wird lebenslang im Bein verbleiben. Und die Evaluation der Ergebnisse ist
noch nicht gut etabliert. Auch die Indikationsstellung ist nicht immer
objektivierbar gegeben, wenn man bedenkt, dass 25 % der Bevölkerung eine Stenose
der linken V. iliaca von über 50 % aufweisen, auch wenn sie meist keine Symptome
haben. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass die venöse chronische Insuffizienz als
klinisches Syndrom (CVI) mehrere Ursachen haben kann, wie Varikose, Obstruktion
oder Refluxe der tiefen Achse und die Behandlung eines einzelnen, anatomischen
Befundes nicht unbedingt die Klinik nachhaltig verbessern muss. Die
Luft-Plethysmographie (Air Plethysmography, APG) bietet in diesem Zusammenhang
eine objektive, vom Untersucher und vom Patienten unabhängige
Auswertungsmöglichkeit für die venöse Drainage und für die venöse
Wiederauffüllzeit, die in jedem Fall vor einem Eingriff der zentralen Venen und
zur Evaluation des Ergebnisses gefordert werden sollte.
A FLIPR Assay for Discovery of GABAA Receptor Modulators of Natural Origin
Authors: Faleschini Maria Teresa , Maier Anne , Fankhauser Sarah , Thasis Katharina , Hebeisen Simon , Hamburger Matthias , Butterweck Veronika 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay utilizing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with GABAA receptors of α
1
β
2
γ
2 subunit composition was evaluated and validated for rapid screening of plant extract libraries and efficient localization of active compounds in extracts. Validation was performed with pure compounds and extracts known to contain allosteric GABAA receptor modulators. Plants extracts that had been previously reported as active in an assay using Xenopus laevis oocytes transiently expressing GABAA receptors of α
1
β
2
γ
2 subunit composition were also active in the FLIPR assay. A protocol for HPLC-based activity profiling was developed, whereby separations of 0.4 – 1.2 mg of extracts on an analytical HPLC column were found to be sufficient for the sensitivity of the bioassay. The protocol successfully localized the activity of known GABAergic natural products, such as magnolol in Magnolia officinalis, valerenic acid in Valeriana officinalis, and piperine in Piper nigrum extract. EC50 values of compounds (magnolol: 4.81 ± 1.0 µM, valerenic acid: 12.56 ± 1.2 µM, and piperine: 5.76 ± 0.7 µM) were found to be comparable or lower than those reported using Xenopus oocyte assays.
Adrenal Cortical Adenoma in the Spinal Canal: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nemir Jakob , Štenger Martina , Jakovčević Antonia , Domazet Ivan , Njirić Niko , Paladino Josip 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEctopic adrenal cortical neoplasms of the spinal cord are extremely rare. To date only 10 such cases have been described. We present a case of a 46-year-old woman with lower back pain radiating to the right gluteal and posterior femoral regions, without a history of traumatic injury. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thoracic and lumbar spine showed an intradural, extramedullary, well-circumscribed, contrast-enhancing lesion located in the T12–L1 region, hypo- to isointense on T2-weighted imaging, and isointense on T1. Complete surgical removal of the lesion, measuring 3 × 2.5 × 1 cm, was performed. The histopathologic findings revealed the lesion was an ectopic adrenal cortical adenoma, with sheets and nests of round and polygonal cells, mostly round regular nuclei, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, 1 mitosis per 10 high-power fields, and without necrosis. These tumors have nonspecific MRI features and therefore can be easily confused with other common spinal tumor types such as ependymoma, schwannoma, meningioma, and metastasis. Although rare, ectopic adrenal spinal cord adenomas should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of spinal canal intradural neoplasms.
Tendon Transfers in Foot Drop
Authors: Krishnamurthy Sridhar , Ibrahim Mohamed 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe common peroneal nerve is the most commonly injured nerve in the lower extremity. Peroneal nerve pathology results in loss of dorsiflexion at the tibiotalar joint, loss of eversion at the subtalar joint, and loss of extension of toes resulting in foot drop. The varied etiology of the problem is discussed. The various treatment modalities like conservative management, steroid therapy, nerve decompression, nerve repair, or reconstruction are described, but due to uncertain outcomes after primary nerve procedures, secondary procedures like tendon transfers often end up as definitive treatment. The rationale and technique of tibialis posterior transfer is discussed in detail.
Patient Preferences for Physician Attire in Ophthalmology Practices
Authors: De Lott Lindsey B. , Panarelli Joseph F. , Samimi David , Petrilli Christopher , Snyder Ashley , Kuhn Latoya , Saint Sanjay , Chopra Vineet , Whipple Katherine M. 
Published: May 2019

Importance Interest is growing in targeting physician attire to improve the patient experience. Few studies in ophthalmology have examined patient preferences for physician attire.
Objective To understand patient preferences for physician attire in ophthalmology practices in the United States.
Design Survey-based, cohort study.
Setting Two private and two academic ophthalmology practices.
Participants A convenience sample of patients receiving ophthalmic care between June 1, 2015 and October 31, 2016.
Methods A questionnaire containing 22 questions and photographs of a male and female physician in seven forms of attire were presented to patients; 14 unique questionnaires were randomly distributed. Patient preference for physician attire was the primary outcome determined by summing ratings of how knowledgeable, trustworthy, caring, approachable, and comfortable the pictured physician made the respondent feel. One-way ANOVA assessed differences in mean composite scores. Comparisons between respondent demographics, practice type, and attire preferences were assessed by chi-square tests. Patient satisfaction was assessed by agreement with questions about importance of physician attire and whether this influences happiness with care.
Results In total, 1,297 of 1,826 (71.0%) questionnaires were completed. Physician attire was rated as “important” by 62.9% of participants. A total of 43.6% of participants indicated that physician attire influenced how happy they were with their care. Overall, formal attire with white coat was preferred to casual, formal, and business attire (all comparisons, p < 0.05). No differences in composite scores between formal attire with white coat, scrubs alone, scrubs with white coat, or casual attire with white coat were observed. However, compared with formal attire with white coat, physicians wearing scrubs without white coat appeared less knowledgeable (mean [standard deviation]: 8.2 [1.8] vs. 7.4 [2.1]; p < 0.05) and trustworthy (8.3 [1.8] vs. 7.6 [2.1]; p < 0.05). Additionally, casual attire with white coat was rated as less knowledgeable compared with formal attire with white coat (7.4 [2.0] vs. 8.2 [1.8]; p < 0.05). Preferences for attire varied by clinical setting: patients preferred surgeons (45.2%) and physicians in emergency rooms (41.7%) in scrubs rather than formal attire with white coat.
Conclusions Physician attire is important to patients receiving ophthalmic care. Policies aimed at physician attire in ophthalmology practices should be considered.
A Novel Method of the Treatment for Posterolateral Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Ren Dong , Liu Yueju , Chen Yanxi , Lu Jian , Song Zhaohui , Zhou Bing , Wang Pengcheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReduction and fixation of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture via a posterolateral approach is challenging, and the posterolateral approach itself may injure the posterolateral ligament complex of the knee and can result in knee instability. We developed a new curved support plate (CSP) that can pass, via traditional anterolateral approach, through the superior tibiofibular interval and effectively support the posterolateral fragments. The purpose of our study was to determine the biomechanical reliability of the new plate and report the preliminary efficacy of the CSP for posterolateral tibial plateau fracture. In the biomechanical experiment, 40 synthetic tibias were used to create posterolateral shearing tibial fracture models, which were randomly assigned to groups A to D. Vertical displacement of the posterolateral fragments was measured under axial loads of 500 to 1,500 N. The new plate and 3.5-mm lateral locking plate exhibited similar control over fragment displacement. From June 2016 to August 2017, eight patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fracture underwent treatment with the CSP. Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score, knee flexion and extension ranges of motion, and complications were recorded to evaluate treatment effects. Eight patients (five men and three women, mean age 44 years [range, 23–66 years]) were enrolled in the study. Mean follow-up time was 13 months (range, 7–19 months). All patients achieved radiographic bone union by 3.3 months (range, 3–4 months) postoperatively. There were no complications of neurovascular injury, deep vein thrombosis, infection, and implant loosening throughout the follow-up period. At final follow-up, mean HSS score was 92.6 (88–96), with a mean knee flexion of 131.25 degrees (120–135 degrees) and a mean knee extension of 1 degree (0–5 degrees). Fixation of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture was easily and successfully achieved using our newly designed CSP, which may provide a new choice for posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.
Ten-Year Average Full Follow-up and Evaluation of a Contoured Focal Resurface Prosthesis (HemiCAP) in Patients in the United Kingdom
Authors: Nahas Sam , Monem Mohammed , Li Lily , Patel Akash , Parmar Harish 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA significant number of patients are affected by localized articular damage that is appropriate neither for traditional arthroplasty nor for biological repair. A focal resurfacing system using a matched contoured articular prosthetic (HemiCAP) has been introduced for the treatment of such cases. Independent long-term results of these implants are limited. We retrospectively evaluated the use of this resurfacing system in 14 patients (13 males, 1 female), with a mean age of 40.3 years (range: 28–49), with focal femoral condyle defects. The same consultant orthopaedic surgeon performed all procedures. Our primary outcome measure was revision rate. Secondary outcome measures included radiographic evaluation (prosthesis migration signs, radiolucency), patient-reported functional evaluation (knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome scores), and complications. A total of 10 patients were treated on the medial femoral condyle, 2 were treated on the lateral condyle, and 2 received bicondylar implants (14 in total). Average follow-up was 107 months (range: 59–135). Three patients were lost to follow-up at the time of study. One patient was excluded from the study. Of the 10 left, 2 had to be revised, leading the survival rate to be 80% at 9.4 years. In four contactable patients, average Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes score at 121 months postsurgery (9.75 years) was 92.9 (as compared with 57.7 preoperatively). There were no complications. This series demonstrates that focal resurfacing is a safe, suitable, and useful temporizing step in knee arthroplasty surgery. The use of the focal resurfacing implant in this way allows the delay in transition to knee arthroplasty. This series shows an excellent functional outcome for remaining implants at average 10 years, with low complication rates.
Serum Pentraxin 3 Concentration in Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Battal Fatih , Bulut Özgül Emel , Yıldırım Şule , Aylanç Hakan , Kaymaz Nazan , Uysal Sema 
Published: May 2019

Objective Neonatal sepsis is one of the most important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Symptoms and signs of neonatal sepsis can be silent; therefore, laboratory investigation is necessary in cases of doubt or if there are risk factors. Early diagnosis is important for early intervention and treatment. The most valuable method for diagnosis is blood culture; however, false positivity due to contamination or false negativity despite ongoing fatal bacterial infections can be seen. Pentraxin 3 is a prototype of the long pentraxin family. It has some differences from C-reactive protein (CRP) in terms of gene organization and localization and production site. It is effective in the early phase of inflammation and it is detected as an early marker of sepsis in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pentraxin 3 can be used as a marker in neonatal sepsis.
Materials and Methods Thirty newborns with suspected sepsis with antenatal history or the presence of clinical signs of sepsis, such as hypo/hyperthermia, feed intolerance, lethargy, hypotonia, irregular cardiac rhythms, bradycardia, cyanosis, apnea, respiratory distress, or metabolic acidosis, were enrolled in the study as a case group, and 28 healthy newborns were included as a control group. Serum pentraxin 3, procalcitonin, CRP, and hemogram in the study group and serum procalcitonin and pentraxin in the control group were examined.
Results Serum pentraxin 3 (pg/mL) and serum procalcitonin (ng/mL) levels were 2,273.82 ± 1,260.75 and 0.86 ± 0.52 in the case group and 957.41 ± 268.00 and 0.19 ± 0.18 in the control group (p < 0.001 for both), respectively.
Conclusion The present study showed that serum pentraxin 3 levels may be a useful marker in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Venous Thromboembolic Events after Total Knee Arthroplasty: Which Patients Are at a High Risk?
Authors: Dai Wen-Li , Lin Ze-Ming , Shi Zhan-Jun , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE; deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) is a known complication following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to investigate the trends of the incidence of VTE after primary TKA and identify associated risk factors for the occurrence of VTEs in a large cohort of TKA patients. We performed a retrospective study in which the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to identify all patients who underwent primary TKA over a period of 13 consecutive years (between 2002 and 2014) in the United States. The occurrence of a symptomatic VTE was identified with the use of ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) diagnosis codes. A total of 1,460,901 primary TKA procedures were identified in the NIS from 2002 to 2014, and 12,944 of these patients were recorded as having 13,855 VTEs, consisting of 7,609 deep venous thromboses (0.52%) and 6,246 pulmonary emboli (0.43%). The overall VTE incidence in patients undergoing TKA in the United States from 2002 to 2014 was 0.89%. Patient-related risk factors for VTEs include an older age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31–1.59), black race (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.25–1.44), and Medicare insurance (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.13–1.22). Most of the comorbidities were associated with an increased risk of VTE following TKA. Particularly, cardiac arrhythmias, coagulopathy, fluid and electrolyte disorders, pulmonary circulation disorders, and weight loss increased the risk of VTE by more than twofold. After adjusting for confounders, VTE was associated with a longer hospital stay (2.81 ± 0.02 day), increased costs (US$14,212.16 ± US$255.64), and higher mortality rate (OR: 13.04; 95% CI: 11.08–15.35). This nationally representative study of inpatients in the United States identified several independent risk factors for VTE perioperatively in TKA patients and provided evidence that VTE patients after TKA are likely to have worse results than non-VTE patients with regard to the length of hospital stay, hospital costs, and inhospital mortality. This is a level III, prognostic study.
Kinematic and Kinetic Waveform Changes of the Knee Joint Following a Mobile Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty—Gait Analysis and Single Step Ascent
Authors: Apostolopoulos A. P. , Chronopoulos E. , Michos I. V. , Mastrokalos D. , Darras N. , Nikolaou V. S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze the kinetic and kinematic changes of the osteoarthritic knee after a mobile bearing total knee arthroplasty. Kinematic and kinetic gait analysis of level walking was performed in 15 patients (eight female and seven male) with knee ostoarthritis. All patients were free of any neurological diseases that could affect their normal gait. Mean age was 68.6 ± 5.2 years, mean height 159.8 ± 6.9 cm, and mean weight was 78.5 ± 10.1 kg. Full body gait analysis was performed using the BioKin three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system preoperatively and 9 months after total knee arthroplasty. A single-step ascending kinetic analysis and a plantar pressure distribution analysis were also performed in all patients. An increased average cadence (mean 99.39 step/min preoperatively and 104.64 step/min postoperatively; p = 0.152), step length (0.44 m preoperatively and 0.52 m postoperatively; p < 0.001), stride length (0.89 m preoperatively and 1.0 m postoperatively; p < 0.007), and walking velocity (0.73 m/sec preoperatively and 0.90 m/sec postoperatively; p = 0.005) were noted postoperatively and postoperatively. A decrease in the stance duration percentage and the knee adduction moment was also reported postoperatively. All patients showed a significant improvement of knee kinetics and kinematics after a mobile bearing total knee arthroplasty. Statistically significant differences were found in the step length, stride length, and walk velocity postoperatively. The knee adduction moment was also significantly reduced. Further research is warranted to determine the clinical relevance of these findings. This study is a prospective comparative one and reflects level II evidence.
Standing Needle Arthroscopy of the Metacarpophalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal Joint for Removal of Dorsal Osteochondral Fragmentation in 21 Horses
Authors: Bonilla Alvaro G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to report the technique, experience and outcome of standing arthroscopic removal of dorsal osteochondral fragmentation of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joint using a 1.2-mm needle arthroscope.
Study Design This was a prospective clinical study.
Materials and Methods All horses referred for standing arthroscopic removal of dorsoproximal first phalanx fragments or fragments embedded in the distal aspect of the synovial plica were included. Relevant information from the cases was recorded. Follow-up was obtained by a telephone questionnaire.
Results Twenty-one horses with a mean age of 4.5 years old were included. Osteochondral fragments removed were from the proximal margin of first phalanx in 18 horses (24 joints), in the synovial plica in 2 horses (2 joints) or free-floating fragment in 1 horse (1 joint). Fifteen out of twenty-one horses were unilaterally affected and 6/21 bilaterally. Fifteen out of twenty-seven affected joints were forelimbs and 12/27 hindlimbs. All articular structures within the dorsal recess of the joint were visible. The arthroscope was deemed easy to use and manoeuvre. Only minor complications occurred during the procedure. Surgery time was 15 to 20 minutes for most patients.
Conclusions All fragments were successfully removed and needle arthroscopy allowed a thorough evaluation of the dorsal aspect of the joint. The technique offers an alternative for standing fetlock arthroscopy for surgeons concerned about equipment damage or portability.