bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulating Effect of Alkyl Chains for Low-Power and High-Stability Organic Transistors and Circuits
Authors: Li Liqiang , Qi Jiannan , Xue Jialu , Li Xufan , Tie Kai , Wang Zhongwu , Huang Yinan , Hu Yongxu , Chen Xiaosong , Hu Wenping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The designability of organic semiconductors (OSCs) enables the tunable properties of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with significant potential applications in flexible displays, wearable devices, and bioelectronic devices. The introduction of alkyl chains has been proved to effectively modulate the mobility, crystallinity, solubility, and other optoelectronic properties of OSCs. Here, we revealed that the alkyl chains can function as dielectric components in OFETs due to their insulating effect. The ultrathin alkyl chains are covalently bonded to the OSC backbone, eliminating the heterogeneous charge transport interface and reducing the trap density, which enables low-power and high-stability alkylated-OFETs. The 2,9-didecyldinaphtho[2,3-b:2’,3’-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (C10-DNTT) FET with alkyl chain exhibits a mobility of 11.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an ultrahigh intrinsic gain of 7.52×104 at operational voltage of 1 V. The corresponding inverters show exceptional static (small-signal gains of 127.6 and total noise margin of 95.3% at VDD = 2.5 V) and dynamic characteristics (signal-delay time constants of 50 μs at VDD = 1 V) under low voltage. Additionally, the C10-DNTT FETs and inverters demonstrate outstanding operational stability, enduring 30000 seconds of bias stress and cycle tests. This work offers a solution for achieving both low-power and high-stability organic electronic and optoelectronic application.
Direct observation of topological magnon edge states
Authors: Zhong Dingyong , Zhang Jihai , Zhang Meng-Han , Li Peigen , Liu Zizhao , Tao Ye , Wang Hongkun , Yao Dao-Xin , Guo Donghui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Magnons, the quanta of spin waves, can serve as information carriers with promising applications in ultra-low-power spintronic devices.1,2 Magnon Chern insulators (MCIs) exhibiting unique topological magnon band structures featuring chiral edge states which can be utilized to construct novel spintronic devices.3,4 Though the existence of the MCIs are supported by the magnon related thermal Hall effect,5 direct observations of the topologically protected magnon edge states is still been pursued. Here, we report the spatially resolved detection of magnon edge states in a two-dimensional ferromagnet with honeycomb lattice (single-layer chromium triiodide). Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we observed magnon-assisted inelastic tunneling conductance and revealed the gapped magnon spectra with enhanced signals at the van Hove singularities. Extra tunneling conductance contributed from the magnon edge states was detected at three different edge configurations. Our work provided direct evidence proving the existence of MCI states down to the single-layer limit, initiating spatially-resolved explorations on exotic properties arising from topological edge states of MCIs.
SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants identified in selected regions of Ethiopia through whole genome sequencing: Insights from the fifth wave of COVID-19
Authors: Hailu Getnet , Legesse Mengistu , Mulu Andargachew , Medhin Girmay , Mengesha Mesfin , Hailu Dawit , Ayele Abaysew , Gebreegziabxier Atsbeha , Tayachew Adamu , Aguine Adimkewu , K Tessema Sofoniyas , Onywera Harris , Stanislas Assohoun Egomli , Abate Ebba , Marcello Alessandro , Bitew Molelegne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, global sequencing highlighted SARS-CoV-2 variants with increased transmissibility and immune evasion. In Ethiopia, where COVID-19 cases surged, little was known about the virus's dynamics. This study aimed to analyze SARS-CoV-2 variants during the fifth wave of the pandemic, crucial for vaccine, therapeutic, and diagnostic selection, as well as understanding of disease progression and severity.
Method: From the samples collected from different parts of the country between June and August 2022, a total of 150 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were randomly retrieved from the repository of the national SARS-CoV-2 reference laboratory of Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI). Samples were re-analyzed using BIO-RAD, CFX96 Deep Well™ Real-Time PCR Detection system. Only 70 samples with a Ct value <30 were selected for next-generation sequencing using NextSeq 550 platform (Illumina platform). Out of 70, 63 genome sequences passed the bioinformatics quality and were chosen for further analysis. The genomic data was analyzed using bioinformatics and statistical tools. The reference genome "hCoV-19/Wuhan/WIV04/2019" was used for phylogeny. In addition, 117 sequence pairs were downloaded from GISAID, originating from 18 neighbouring countries and different parts of the world, in order to estimate the average evolutionary divergence across all sequence pairs.
Results: Of the 63 genome sequences, 44 (69.8%) were from male and 19 (30.2%) were from Female. The median age of patient was 34 years. The dominant variant was Omicron (97%, 61/63), followed by Delta (3.2%, 2/63). Within Omicron, clade 22A was most prevalent (64%, 40/63), while other clades like 22B (18%, 11/63) and 21K (14%, 9/63) also present. Evolutionary divergence was limited, with Ethiopian sequences showing less genetic diversity compared to global sequences.
Conclusion:The Omicron variant dominated the fifth wave in Ethiopia, with evidence of recent community transmission. Despite slight differences in genetic diversity with global sequences, the study underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance for variant tracking and public health interventions.
Malaria prevalence and associated risk factors among children aged 6 to 59 months in Niger: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ali. Zaratou 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Malaria is still a public health problem and remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Niger among children under 5 years of age. The objective was to determine the prevalence of malaria and identify associated risk factors among children aged 6 to 59 months in Niger.
Methods
Data from the 2021 National Malaria Indicator Survey conducted by the National Institute of Statistics was used for this work. A total of 4724 children aged 6 to 59 months for whom the malaria rapid diagnostic test was performed were included. Pearson's chi-square tests at the 5% significance level were used to analyze differences between categorical variables. All variables that had a bilateral p-value <0.05 in the bivariate analysis were fed into the binary logistic regression model to identify factors associated with malaria in children
Results
Of the 4724 children, 1121 (23.73%) were positive for the malaria rapid diagnostic test. Risk factors for malaria after logistic regression were: age range 24-59 months [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 3.86 Confidence Interval (CI) at 95%: (2.72-5.48)], rural residence [AOR: 1.92; 95% CI: (1.37-2.70)], and 24 months to more of net acquisition [AOR:1.33; 95% CI: (1.01-2.19)]. The birth order between 2 and 3 [ORA: 0.77; 95% CI (0.63-0.95)] was a protective factor for malaria in children.
Conclusion
Malaria remains a public health problem in Niger. Despite the prevention and care actions put in place. Emphasis must be placed on raising awareness and involving the community for vector eradication.
Gluten contamination in oat varieties grown in Turkey and their gluten-free oat-only products
Authors: Atasoy Guler , Kahraman Turhan , Turhan Mahir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Gluten contamination is a frequent concern in oat seeds (OSs) and gluten-free foods (GFFs) containing them. Research addressing gluten contamination in OSs and GF oat-only products (GFOs) is limited. This study aims to investigate gluten contamination in all oat varieties from Turkey and their all GFOs.
Subjects/Methods: Gluten from wheat, rye, and barley was quantitatively searched for in all oat varieties grown in turkey (23) and all gluten-free only-oat products (GFOs) made of them (15) using the R5 antibody-based sandwich ELISA method.
Results: None of the 23 OSs tested had a gluten concentration (GC)>5 ppm. Eleven (73%) and 10 (67%) of the 15 GFOs tested have a GC>5 and GC>20 ppm, respectively.
Conclusions: Gluten contamination is high in both OSs and GFOs worldwide. Its prevalence is higher in GFOs than in OSs, showing that post-harvesting and manufacturing practices lead to more contamination. Implementing a conscious gluten-free protocol and proofing the gluten-freeness is an effective way to keep the contamination at a minimum or hopefully eradicate it.
Prolonged catamnesis of a child with type I mucopolysaccharidosis, Gurler syndrome, receiving enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Sabirova D. R. , Kamalova A. A. , Akhmadullina A. A. , Artykova N. A. , Sabirova L. A. 
Published: November 2024

Hereditary pathology makes up a significant part of the structure of childhood morbidity, disability and mortality. Mucopolysaccharidosis type I is a hereditary lysosomal accumulation disease, with an autosomal recessive type of inheritance. At birth, children with Gurler syndrome look normal, but in the future, they develop symptoms characteristic of mucopolysaccharidosis, and the first clinical manifestations of the disease are often hernias and hepatosplenomegaly. The presented clinical case demonstrates the difficulties of early diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type I, which lead to a later prescription of enzyme replacement therapy and the inability to use a more effective method of therapy – hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, due to the development of serious manifestations of the cardiovascular system. While the positive effects of enzyme replacement therapy in the early stages of treatment may seem promising, it does not guarantee a favorable prognosis for the future.Conclusion. Currently, early diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type I is difficult due to the lack of early manifestations. Often, the progression of clinical manifestations leads to disability, and in severe cases, to death. Therefore, it is important to have early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Impact of chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen ratio on ANAMMOX bacterial growth in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor
Authors: Msimango Sandile S. , Nasr Mahmoud , Bux Faizal , Kumari Sheena 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

While several studies have investigated the effect of varying carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the ANAMMOX performance, there is still a research gap in illustrating the shift in 16S rRNA gene copy number and functional microbial population during operation. Hence, this study focuses on utilizing a reference gene and target functional genes to demonstrate the synergetic interaction between ANAMMOX, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), using an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) under different C/N conditions. It was demonstrated that elevating the C/N ratio from 1.0 to 2.0 reduced the COD and NH4+-N removal efficiencies from 80.12 to 48.62% and from 88.99 to 72.59%, respectively. Based on the qPCR evaluation, at the C/N ratio of 1.5, the abundance of ANAMMOX, AOB, Nitrobacter, and Nitrospira was 2.52 × 106, 82, 5.39 × 103, and 12.98 × 103 copies/μL, respectively. However, with the further increase of C/N ratio to 2.0, their abundance was reduced to 1.09 × 106, 46, 0.98 × 103, and 3.47 × 103 copies/μL, respectively. The expression of hzo gene encoding for hydrazine dehydrogenase was 169-folds at C/N = 1 and almost inhibited at C/N = 2. The results of microbial population structure using 16S rRNA reverse transcriptase (RT)-qPCR technique depicted a competition between ANAMMOX and heterotrophic bacteria for the available substrate at higher C/N ratios.
Therapeutic Potential of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies (nMAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant
Authors: Parua Pijus , Ghosh Somnath , Jana Koushik , Seth Arnab , Debnath Biplab , Rout Saroj Kumar , Sarangi Manoj Kumar , Dash Rasmita , Halder Jitu , Rajwar Tushar Kanti , Pradhan Deepak , Rai Vineet Kumar , Dash Priyanka , Das Chandan , Kar Biswakanth , Ghosh Goutam , Rath Goutam 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred significant endeavors to devise treatments to
combat SARS-CoV-2. A limited array of small-molecule antiviral drugs, specifically monoclonal antibodies
and interferon therapy, have been sanctioned to treat COVID-19. These treatments typically necessitate administration
within ten days of symptom onset. There have been reported reductions in the effectiveness of
these medications due to mutations in non-structural protein genes, particularly against Omicron subvariants.
This underscores the pressing requirement for healthcare systems to continually monitor pathogen variability
and its impact on the efficacy of prevention and treatments.

Aim:
This review aimed to comprehend the therapeutic benefits and recent progress of nMAbs for preventing
and treating the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.

Results and Discussion:
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) provide a treatment avenue for severely
affected individuals, especially those at high risk for whom vaccination is not viable. With their specific
epitope affinity, they pose no significant risk of severe adverse effects. The degree of reduction in neutralization
varies significantly across different monoclonal antibodies and variant combinations. For instance, Sotrovimab
maintained its neutralization effectiveness against Omicron BA.1, but exhibited diminished efficacy
against BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.12.1.

Conclusion:
Bebtelovimab has been observed to preserve its efficacy against all subtypes of the Omicron variant.
Subsequently, WKS13, mAb-39, 19n01, F61-d2 cocktail, etc., have become effective. This review has
highlighted the therapeutic implications of nMAbs in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron treatment and the progress of
COVID-19 drug discovery.
Recent CFD-based Numerical Wave Tank Research Methods
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Lin Yuze , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: November 2024

Background:
With the increasing arithmetic power of computers, computer-based numerical
simulation provides a more advantageous method for building wave tanks.

Objective:
By introducing the principles of numerical wave tanks and analyzing the latest progress in
numerical wave tank research, we consider the future direction of numerical wave tanks and propose
the feasibility of future development for the readers' reference.

Methods:
This paper systematically describes the history of the development of numerical wave
tanks. It summarizes the current development and research status of numerical wave tanks by analyzing
the current literature and patents on their study to pave the way for the subsequent discussion and
outlook on critical technologies.

Results:
Through the research and analysis of numerical wave tanks, the current research status of
critical technologies of numerical wave tanks is summarized to derive the key technologies applied
to establish numerical wave tanks, discuss each key technology, and look forward to the direction of
future development of numerical tanks.

Conclusion:
Finally, based on analyzing and comparing the current situation and critical technologies
of numerical tanks, the future development trend of numerical wave tanks is predicted, and it is
believed that numerical wave tanks will also have more efficient performance with the development
of computer arithmetic power.
Regenerative Endodontics Research Performance and Trend in Saudi Arabia: A Visualized Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Hakeem Muhannad M. , Mirah Mahir A. , Bafail Arwa , Hamadallah Hatem Hazzaa , Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen 
Published: November 2024

Objective
This study aims to explore and characterize Saudi Arabia's research contributions to the emerging field of regenerative endodontics through a bibliometric analysis. The goal is to assess the growth, impact, and collaboration patterns of Saudi research in this promising area of dentistry

Methods
A comprehensive search of the Web of Science database was performed without limitations. Search terms related to regenerative endodontics were combined with terms specifying Saudi Arabia. Bibliometric indicators and visualization tools like Biblioshiny and VOSviewer were used to analyze and map publication trends, collaborations, and citation patterns.

Results
A total of 113 articles were included. Publication output grew exponentially, peaking at 24 articles in 2021. King Abdulaziz University and King Saud University led research productivity. The Journal of Endodontics, The Journal of Personalized Medicine and the Saudi Dental Journal primarily disseminated this scholarship. Citation levels peaked in 2017. Collaborations were observed with countries including the US, Egypt, and India.

Conclusion
Saudi Arabia has made notable contributions to regenerative endodontics research during the past decade, as evidenced by increasing publications and global impact. Strategic investments have strengthened specialized capacities at leading universities. Efforts building on established conceptual and methodological bases can bring further advances in this promising field.
Noninvasive Detection of Retinal Vascular Changes in Eyes with Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Sun Shuo , Yang Qianhui , Liu Ting , Hei Kaiwen , Ke Yifeng , Wang Wei , Han Quanhong , Li Xiaorong , Zhang Longli 
Published: November 2024

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate retinal vessel morphology in Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) using Integrative Vessel Analysis (IVAN) and to explore the relationships between retinal vascular parameters and systemic factors related to NAION.

Methods
This case-control study included 120 eyes from 120 participants, categorized into control, hypertension, and NAION groups (40 eyes each). IVAN was used to measure retinal vessel caliber through the central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE).

Results
The mean CRAE and CRVE across all participants were 154.54 ± 21.53 μm and 252.22 ± 15.88 μm, respectively. NAION participants exhibited higher CRAE and CRVE compared to the control and hypertension groups. In the NAION group, body mass index (BMI) showed a negative correlation with CRAE and a positive correlation with CRVE.

Conclusion
IVAN serves as a reliable method for assessing retinal vascular caliber. Our findings suggest that retinal vascular caliber may provide valuable insights into the role of subclinical retinal vascular processes in the development of NAION.
Analysis of the effectiveness of using U-net architecture for classification and segmentation of glioma in MRI images
Authors: Kiselev A. V. , Kuleshova E. A. , Tanygin M. O. , Deryabin D. R. , Khalin I. A. 
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research is to analyze the efficiency of the U-net neural network architecture in decision support systems for glioma diagnostics and segmentation of brain areas affected by it on MRI images.Methods. To conduct experimental studies, a training dataset was generated and the data was normalized. A software implementation of the U-Net neural network architecture was performed using the Keras framework in the Python programming language. The neural network model was trained.Results. A series of experiments were conducted, during which error and classification matrices were obtained, the efficiency of classification of the trained neural network model for the "Tumor" and "No tumor" classes was assessed using metrics such as Recall, Precision and F1-measure, and the quality of segmentation of glioma-affected areas on the test data set was assessed. The quality of segmentation was assessed using the IoU metric, which reflects the ratio of the areas of the bounding boxes and is used to assess the accuracy of the spatial correspondence of the predicted segmented areas highlighted on the masks. Based on the results of testing the neural network model in solving the problem of segmenting brain areas affected by glioma, the average value of the IoU metric was 0.812, which is an acceptable result.Conclusion. The testing results showed that the neural network model based on the U-net architecture is able to effectively diagnose the presence of glioma with acceptable values of the classification and segmentation quality metrics, which indicates the possibility of using this neural network model in medical decision support systems for glioma diagnostics, as well as its segmentation on MRI images. However, it is advisable to refine this neural network model to reduce the number of false negative classification results, which is critically important in medical diagnostics.
Multimodal classifier of medical risk based on a multielectrode bioimpedance converter
Authors: Serebrovsky A. V. , Korsunsky N. A. , Lyakh A. V. , Mishustin V. N. , Shatalova O. V. , Shulga L. V. 
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research. The aim of the study is Russian and foreign studies have shown that malignant breast tumors have significantly different impedance from normal tissues. However, bioimpedance analysis has limitations in resolution, as well as in the imperfection of bioimpedance models required to generate input vectors for machine learning systems.Methods. The presented study proposes a multimodal classifier, the raw data for which are obtained through an electrode matrix. It also has three channels for processing the results of bioimpedance analysis, with subsequent aggregation of their solutions. An impedance model of biomaterial is proposed, which allows forming descriptors for medical risk classifiers.Results. Hardware and software for bioimpedance studies have been developed, which include a data collection device for bioimpedance spectroscopy based on an electrode matrix, a device for communication with the object of study, and a device for bioimpedance spectroscopy using an electrode matrix. The software includes interface windows for setting up the bioimpedance research program and training and testing fully connected neural networks. An experimental study of the multimodal classifier on a physical model was conducted using inclusions of higher conductivity (tumor imitation) of various types and sizes in the conductivity range from 1.1 to 1.9 of the background. Based on the obtained images in the two-level neural network of the first channel, the integral risk of breast cancer was determined for all pixels of the image. Statistical studies (ROC analysis) showed sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the screening method - > 0.75. Conclusion. Thus, a new model of intelligent support for medical decision-making has been created, integrating the capabilities of bioimpedance spectroscopy, convolutional neural networks and expert assessment of images generated by bioimpedance mapping. However, current data confirming the possibility of separating benign and malignant breast tumors using bioimpedancemetry methods are very limited, which requires further research in this direction.