bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-reported quality indicators to evaluate physiotherapy care for hip and/or knee osteoarthritis- development and evaluation of the QUIPA tool.
Authors: Teo Pek Ling , Hinman Rana S , Egerton Thorlene , Dziedzic Krysia S , Kasza Jess , Bennell Kim L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: There is no physiotherapy-specific quality indicator tool available to evaluate physiotherapy care for people with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to develop a patient-reported quality indicator tool (QUIPA) for physiotherapy management of hip and knee OA and to assess its reliability and validity. Methods: To develop the QUIPA tool, quality indicators were initially developed based on clinical guideline recommendations most relevant to physiotherapy practice and those of an existing generic OA quality indicator tool. Draft items were then further refined using patient focus groups. Test-retest reliability, construct validity (hypothesis testing) and criterion validity were then evaluated. Sixty-five people with hip and/or knee OA attended a single physiotherapy consultation and completed the QUIPA tool one, twelve- and thirteen-weeks after. Physiotherapists (n=9) completed the tool post-consultation. Patient test-retest reliability was assessed between weeks twelve and thirteen. Construct validity was assessed with three predefined hypotheses and criterion validity was based on agreement between physiotherapists and participants at week one. Results: A draft list of 23 clinical guideline recommendations most relevant to physiotherapy was developed. Following feedback from three patient focus groups, the final QUIPA tool contained 18 items (three subscales) expressed in lay language. The test-retest reliability estimates (Cohen’s Kappa) for single items ranged from 0.30-0.83 with observed agreement of 64-94%. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the Assessment and Management Planning subscale was 0.70 (0.54, 0.81), Core Recommended Treatments subscale was 0.84 (0.75, 0.90), Adjunctive Treatments subscale was 0.70 (0.39, 0.87) and for the total QUIPA score was 0.80 (0.69, 0.88). All predefined hypotheses regarding construct validity were confirmed. However, agreement between physiotherapists and participants for single items showed large measurement error (Cohen’s Kappa estimates ranged from -0.04-0.59) with the ICC (95% CI) for the total score being 0.11 (-0.14, 0.34). Conclusions: The QUIPA tool showed acceptable test-retest reliability for subscales and total score but inadequate reliability for individual items. Construct validity was confirmed but criterion validity for individual items, subscales and the total score was inadequate. Further research is needed to refine the QUIPA tool to improve its clinimetric properties before implementation.
Distant Survival for Patients Undergoing Surgery Using Volatile versus IV Anesthesia for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: A Retrospective study
Authors: Meng Xiao-Yan , Zhang Xiu-Ping , Wang Hong-Qian , Yu Weifeng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) have lower postoperative survival rate, and anesthesia type may have an effect on tumor recurrence and metastasis.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China, from January 1, 2008 to December 24, 2012. A total of 1513 HCC patients with PVTT were delivered in the study period. Patients receiving the volatile inhalational anesthesia (INHA) and total IV (TIVA) anesthesia were screen out for comparison. The primary outcome was 5-year overall survival (OS), and secondary outcomes included recurrence-free survival (RFS), postoperative adverse events and liver function. Cox regression analysis was applied to balance confounding variables and estimate risk factors for mortality. Then subgroup analysis of anesthesia type on potential risk factors which were acquired in the final multivariable model were performed.Results After exclusions are applied, 263 patients remain in the INHA group and 208 in the TIVA group. Patients receiving INHA anesthesia have a lower 5-year survival rate than that of patients receiving TIVA anesthesia [12.6% (95% CI, 9.0 to 17.3) vs. 17.7% (95% CI, 11.3 to 20.8), P=0.024]. Results from multivariable regression analysis also identify that INHA anesthesia is significantly associated with the OS ang RFS compared with TIVA anesthesia, with HR (95%CI) of 1.303 (1.065, 1.595) and 1.265 (1.040, 1.539), respectively. Subgroup analysis suggested that in more severe cancer patients, the worse outcome related to INHA might be more significant.Conclusion This retrospective analysis identifies that patients receiving TIVA have better survival rate compare to receiving INHA in HCC patients with PVTT. Future prospective researches are urgent to verify this difference and figure out underlying causes of it.
Time to death and its predictors among adult with drug-resistance tuberculosis patients, in Eastern and East-Central Ethiopia, 2012-2018: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gebre Tsige , Hordofa Mulatu Ayana , Birhanu Molla Yigzaw , Siferih Melkamu , Leshargie Cheru Tesema 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) is becoming a global public health problem in developing country including Ethiopia. It poses a greater challenge to the tuberculosis control program. Tuberculosis drugs namely; rifampicin and isoniazid, were the two most effective anti-tuberculosis drugs for which the agent become resistant. Understanding the survival time and the predictors of DRTB patients would be helpful to policy-makers and health practitioners in Ethiopia. However, there is a limited previous study on the aspect. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the survival time and predictors of adult DRTB patients, in Eastern and East-Central Ethiopia.Methods A retrospective follow-up study was conducted in the Eastern and East-Central part of Ethiopia among adult drug resistance-tuberculosis patients from 1st September 2012 to 30th August 2017. The checklist was used to retrieve information among a total of 362 drug-resistant tuberculosis patients. Kaplan Meier curve method was used to estimate the median survival time with its interquartile range and risks. Multivariable Cox proportional regression modelling was used to investigating predictors of survival time. Hazard ratio with 95% CI was used to report the findings of regression modelling.Result A total of 362 participants were followed for 132,801 person day observation. During the follow-up period, there were 55 deaths with the overall incidence rate of 4 participants per 10,000-person day observation (95%CI: 3.18, 5.39). DRTB related death was higher among patients who had weight loss (AHRa: 9.0, 95%CI:2, 20.5), pulmonary with extra-pulmonary DRTB (AHR:10, 95% CI:3.3, 16), HIV co-infection (AHR:4, 95%CI:2.1,7.5) and comorbidity (AHR:4.40, 95% CI:1.7, 11), patients with BMI<18.5 (AHR:0.22, 95% CI:0.076, 0.63) were less likely to die of MDR-TB. BMI<18.5 patients with a history of relapse (AHR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.9, 9) and after the failure of re-treatment (AHR: 6.3, 95%CI: 2.6, 13) were predictors of DRTB death.Conclusion To summarize, the survival time of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis was low. DRTB related death was higher among patients with weight loss, people with extra-pulmonary, HIV co-infection, comorbidity, and history of relapse.
Exploring the use and experience of an infant feeding genogram to facilitate an assets-based approach to support infant feeding
Authors: Thomson Gill , Ingram Jenny , Clarke Joanne L , Johnson Debbie , Trickey Heather , Dombrowski Stephan U , Hoddinott Pat , Darwent Kirsty , Jolly Kate 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background A lack of perceived social support influences women’s infant feeding behaviours. The Infant Feeding Genogram is a visual co-constructed diagram which details people/services that can provide support to women and can facilitate a connection between mothers and their existing assets landscape. The aim of this study is to explore women’s and infant feeding helpers’ experiences and use of an infant feeding genogram delivered to the intervention group of the Assets-based infant feeding help Before and After birth (ABA) randomised feasibility trial. Methods 103 primiparous mothers aged 16+ years were recruited to the trial in two sites (Site A and Site B) with low breastfeeding prevalence in the UK. Infant feeding helpers co-constructed a genogram at the first antenatal meeting for the intervention group, and then provided proactive, woman-centered support from ~32 weeks gestation to up to 5 months postnatal. Infant feeding helpers and women’s experiences of the infant feeding genogram were collected via interviews or focus groups. Completed genograms were shared with researchers. Content analysis of the genograms and qualitative data from the interviews and focus groups were analysed thematically. Results Data comprised 32 completed genograms, and qualitative insights from all 13 infant feeding helpers (two focus groups; 4 interviews) and interviews with a purposive sample of 21 of 50 intervention group women between 4-21 weeks after birth. Content analysis of the genograms highlighted variations, with more personal, individualised genograms completed at Site B compared to Site A. The perceived impact of the genogram was related to the IFHs’ application of the tool. The genogram was either used as intended to raise women’s awareness of available assets and motivate help-seeking behaviour, or as a data collection tool with limited perceived utility. Negative and positive unintended consequences of genogram use were highlighted.Discussion/Conclusion The genogram has the potential to offer a woman, family and community-centred approach that focusses on building assets for infant feeding. However, variations in genogram application indicate that revised training is required to clarify the purpose and ensure it is used as intended.
Genome-wide association study reveals genetic variation and candidate genes of lint yield components under salt field conditions in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Zhu Guozhong , Gao Wenwei , Song Xiaohui , Sun Fenglei , Hou Sen , Liu Na , Huang Yajie , Zhang Dayong , Ni Zhiyong , Chen Quanjia , Guo Wangzhen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Salinity is one of the most decisive environmental factors limiting the productivity of cotton. However, the key genetic components leading to the reduction of cotton yield in saline-alkali soils are still unclear.

Results

Here, we evaluated three main components of lint yield across 316 G. hirsutum accessions, including single boll weight (SBW), lint percentage (LP) and boll number per plant (BNPP), under four salt conditions for two years. Phenotypic analysis indicated that LP showed no change under different salt conditions, however BNPP decreased significantly while SBW increased slightly under high salt condition. Based on 57,413 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analysis, a total of 42, 91 and 25 stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for SBW, LP and BNPP, respectively. Few overlapped QTLs and no significant phenotypic correlation among the three traits was observed. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that their regulatory mechanisms were also quite different. There were 8 overlapped QTLs for LP while fewer for SBW and BNPP identified by comparing different salt conditions. We detected that 10 genes from the 8 stable LP QTLs were predominantly expressed during fiber development. Further, haplotype analyses found that a MYB gene ( GhMYB103 ) with the two SNP variations in cis-regulatory and coding regions, was significantly correlated with lint percentage, implying the crucial role in lint yield. With transcriptome analysis, we identified that 40 candidate genes from BNPP QTLs were salt-inducible. However, these genes exhibited different regulation pattern. Genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and cell structure maintenance were rich in high salt condition, while genes related to ion transport were active in low salt condition.

Conclusions

This study provides a foundation for elucidating cotton salt tolerance mechanism and contributes gene resources for developing varieties with high yield and salt stress tolerance in upland cotton.
Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses identifies novel genes and regulatory networks in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Xu Chen , Luo Shengchang , Wei Leixin , Wu Huiqiao , Gu Wei , Zhou Wenchao , Sun Baifeng , Hu Bo , Zhou Hongyu , Liu Yang , Chen Huajiang , Ye Xiaojian , Yuan Wen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration is a major cause of symptoms like low back pain and neck pain. Many groups have tried to reveal the regulatory network using either transcriptome or proteome profiling technologies, however, the relationship between these differentially expressed proteins and mRNAs are not elucidated. Since post-transcriptional regulation and other mechanisms may affect the translation of mRNA to protein, a combined transcriptome and proteome study may give more precise data on unveiling important regulatory network and key genes of Intervertebral disc degeneration. Results: In the present study, we used the label-free quantification proteomic approach and identify 656 proteins expressed in either degenerated or normal nucleus pulposus, of which 503 proteins are differentially expressed. Taking advantage of the existing nucleus pulposus transcriptome data, we combine and reanalyze the data and find 105 differentially expressed mRNA between degenerated and normal nucleus pulposus. By comparing these data, only 9 genes show significant changes in both protein and mRNA data, while 6 genes (TNFAIP6, CHI3L1, KRT19, DPT, COL6A2 and COL11A2) show concordant changes in both protein and mRNA level. Further functional analyses show different functions of the altered mRNAs and proteins in degeneration, indicating great difference between protein network and mRNA network. Using the gene co-expression network method, we uncover novel regulatory network and potential genes that may play vital roles in intervertebral disc degeneration by combining protein and mRNA data. Conclusions: This is the first study to identify novel regulatory network of intervertebral disc degeneration using combined analysis of both transcriptome and proteome, which may give new insight into the molecular mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration.
Transcriptome-wide map of m6A circRNAs identified in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rat model
Authors: Su Hua , Wang Guowen , Wu Lingfang , Ma Xiuqing , Ying Kejing , Zhang Ruifeng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a lethal disease and lacks effective therapy. CircRNAs play significant roles in physiological process. Recently, circRNAs are found to be m 6 A-modified. The abundance of circRNAs was influenced by m 6 A. Furthermore, the significance of m 6 A circRNAs has not been elucidated in HPH yet. Here we aim to investigate the transcriptome-wide map of m 6 A circRNAs in HPH.
Results: Differentially expressed m 6 A abundance was detected in lungs of HPH rats. M 6 A abundance in circRNAs was significantly reduced in hypoxia in vitro . M6A circRNAs were mainly from protein-coding genes spanned single exons in control and HPH groups. Moreover, m 6 A influenced the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA co-expression network in hypoxia. M 6 A circXpo6 and m 6 A circTmtc3 were firstly identified to be downregulated in HPH.
Conclusion: Our study firstly identified the transcriptome-wide map of m 6 A circRNAs in HPH.
M 6 A can influence circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network. Furthermore, we firstly identified two HPH-associated m 6 A circRNAs: circXpo6 and circTmtc3. We suggested that m 6 A circRNAs may be used as a potential therapy targets or biomarkers.
Should Upper Limit of Available Water be Based on Field Capacity?
Authors: Logsdon Sally 
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas
Plants can use water while soil drains.
Extra water can move up into the root zone.
Field measurements of water use are not restricted by boundary values.
Plant‐available water is usually determined from laboratory measurements as the difference between field capacity (undisturbed soil samples) and wilting point (disturbed samples), both of which are determined at arbitrary applied pressures. How much soil water is actually available to plants? The purpose of this report is to demonstrate that data are inconsistent with the concept of field capacity at a pressure head being the upper limit of available water. Existing field studies were re‐examined. Literature shows that a considerable portion of transpired water often comes from below the root zone. A site that had water table depths ranging from near the surface to 3 m deep showed that tensiometer pressure heads in the root zone rarely got as dry as −333 cm pressure head (approximate limit of field capacity). Another study showed that as surface soil dried, the roots were able to take up water from deeper soil, showing the flexibility of the root zone depth. Still other studies suggest that transpiration might start between 3 and 10 h after a rain ends, even while the soil is still draining. Together these studies strongly suggest that roots take up water under conditions wetter than −333 cm pressure head; therefore, laboratory‐determined field capacity should not be considered the upper cutoff of available water.
Nitrogen Content and Use Efficiency of Sweet Sorghum Grown in the Lower Midwest
Authors: Maw Michael J.W. , Houx James H. , Fritschi Felix B. 
Published: October 2019

Optimizing N fertilizer inputs is imperative for improving sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yields and biofuel feedstock system efficiency. A 2‐yr study was conducted to determine the physiological N‐use efficiency (NUE) response in sweet sorghum's ethanol yield of stem juice, bagasse, and total ethanol yield (TEY). Two sweet sorghum cultivars (‘Dale’ and ‘Top 76–6’) were fertilized at five N fertilizer rates (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg ha−1). At harvest, the stem juice and bagasse yields were measured then analyzed for the corresponding N concentrations and N contents. Whole‐plant N recovery efficiency ranged from −1.5 to 57.6% across both years, with a significant N rate effect only in one study year. The NUE of juice ethanol yield only demonstrated an N response in the second year, whereas the NUE of lignocellulosic ethanol yield was greatest at the 56 kg ha−1 fertilizer rate each year. The NUE of total theoretical ethanol yield, determined as the sum of juice and bagasse conversion to ethanol, averaged 169 L EtOH kg−1 N across both years and was greatest at the 56 kg N ha−1 fertilizer rate in both years, and decreased at N rates exceeding 56 kg ha−1 in only one of the years. This study revealed that although sweet sorghum ethanol yields increased with N fertilizer application, NUE was greatest with low N fertilizer rates, consistent with previous research indicating that sweet sorghum is an appropriate biofuel feedstock for production in low‐input systems or on marginal lands.Core Ideas

Nitrogen recovery and use efficiencies of sweet sorghum juice and bagasse were measured for two years in Missouri.
Nitrogen recovery efficiency was greatest in one study year when 224 kg N ha−1 was applied, with no differences in recovery in the second year.
The N use efficiency of estimated total ethanol yield was greatest at 56 kg N ha−1.
Efficient H2O2 generation and electro-Fenton degradation of pollutants in microchannels of oxidized monolithic-porous-carbon cathode
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Wu Shuai , Yu Hongtao , Chen Shuo , Wang Chunna , Quan Xie , Lu Na 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A monolithic-porous carbon (MPC) was fabricated by carbonizing a pine rod, and then the oxidized monolithic-porous carbon (O-MPC) was obtained via alkaline heat treatment of MPC. With well-ordered axial channels (diameters were 6–14 μm and 40–50 μm) and oxygen-containing functional groups, O-MPC as a flow-through cathode exhibited good capability in continuously generating H2O2 (422 μmol/L) via oxygen reduction. O-MPC and additional Fe2+ composed an electro-Fenton system and the performance of the system in degradation of organic pollutants was evaluated. For phenol, bisphenol A or sulfamethoxazole at initial concentration of 10 mg/L the removal efficiency reached 74%–82% in a hydraulic retention time of 100 seconds, nearly close to that of the homogeneous Fenton process (90%). This efficiency may be maintained for at least 10 hours, indicating a good stability of O-MPC. The results demonstrate the potential of O-MPC as a flow-through electrode to realize homogeneous-like degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater.
Urinary and Serum Angiogenic Markers in Women With Preexisting Diabetes During Pregnancy and Their Role in Preeclampsia Prediction
Authors: Zen Monica , Padmanabhan Suja , Zhang Kewei , Kirby Adrienne , Cheung N. Wah , Lee Vincent W. , Alahakoon Thushari I. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVE
To determine the correlation between urinary and serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and investigate the predictive value as pregnancy progresses of urinary PlGF compared with serum PlGF, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT-1), and the sFLT-1–to–PlGF ratio for the outcome of preeclampsia in women with preexisting diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted of 158 women with preexisting insulin-requiring diabetes (41 with type 1 and 117 with type 2). Urinary PlGF and serum PlGF, sFLT-1, and the sFLT-1–to–PlGF ratio were assessed four times (14, 24, 30, and 36 weeks’ gestation), and the association with the outcome of preeclampsia was investigated.

RESULTS
A correlation between urinary and serum PlGF was demonstrated from 24 weeks’ gestation onward (P &lt; 0.001). At all time points, those who developed preeclampsia had lower serum PlGF levels (P &lt; 0.05), and receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that serum PlGF in this cohort performed better than the serum sFLT-1–to–PlGF ratio as a predictive test for preeclampsia. Preconception HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) was an important discriminative predictor for preeclampsia (P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
This study prospectively describes the longitudinal changes in urinary PlGF alongside serum angiogenic markers throughout pregnancy in women with preexisting diabetes. We demonstrate correlation between urinary and serum PlGF and that in women with preexisting diabetes in pregnancy, serum PlGF is a better predictor of preeclampsia than the sFLT-1–to–PlGF ratio.
ALGEBRAIC PROOF IV FERMATS LAST THEOREM
Authors: Joseph James E 
Published: October 2019

The special case z4 = x4 + y4 is impossible [1]. In view of this fact, it is only necessary to prove, if x, y, z, are relatively prime positive integers, Ï€ is an odd prime, zÏ€ = xÏ€ +yÏ€ (In this article, the symbol Ï€ will represent an odd prime). Also, a new proof is given that z4 = x4 + y4 is impossible.