bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiographic Changes After Completion of a Triathlon
Authors: Hosatte-Ducassy Caroline , Correa José A. , Lalonde François , Mohindra Rohit , Marton Gregory , Chetrit Michael , Marcotte Audrey , Tournoux François , Bridges Eileen 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesGiven the increasing popularity of long-distance triathlon events amongst amateur athlete and the difficulty for emergency physician to address cardiovascular complaints in the context of exercise, this study aims to:-Identify the prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities before and after a long distance triathlon in a cohort of participants using the Seattle criteria.-Identify the acute changes that occur on their ECGs at the finish line of a long-distance triathlon.MethodsThis prospective observational study examines the prevalence of selected standard 12-lead ECG findings, the Seattle criteria, in asymptomatic athletes before and after the completion of a long-distance triathlon.ResultsOf 99 ECGs obtained prior to the race, 28 were abnormal, for a pre-race prevalence of 28.3% (95% CI (20.4, 37.8)). Of the 72 ECGs post-race, 12 were abnormal, for a post-race prevalence of 16.7% (95% CI (9.8, 26.9)). We did not observe any athletes with marked repolarization abnormalities.Common findings were increased QRS voltage significant for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (24 (24.2%) pre-race, 10 (14.1%) post-race), early repolarization (21 (21.2%) pre-race, 19 (26.8%) post-race) and incomplete right bundle branch block (RBBB) (8 (8.1%) pre-race, 11 (15.5%) post-race).McNemar’s test showed no agreement between the ECG pre and post results (Chi-square =6.54, p = 0.01), suggesting a possible effect of the race on ECG findings. We observed a trend to normalization of athlete’s ECGs with acute exercise.ConclusionLong-distance endurance exercise might acutely affect the ECGs findings in asymptomatic athletes and abnormal ECG findings were common in our cohort of athletes. Physicians providing care to long-distance athletes should interpret ECGs in this population prudently.SUMMARY BOXThe acute effect of exercises on athlete’s electrocardiograms has not been well studied.In our cohort of long-distance triathlon finishers, 28.3% of athletes had abnormal ECGs pre-race and 16.7% had abnormal ECGs post-race according to the Seattle Criteria. We observed a trend toward normalization of athlete’s ECGs with acute exercise.Common ECGs abnormalities found in those asymptomatic athletes were left ventricular hypertrophy, early repolarization and right bundle branch block.Physicians involved in the care of athletes should be prudent when interpreting ECGs in this population.
Serum Amyloid A Proteins Induce Pathogenic TH17 Cells and Promote Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Lee June-Yong , Hall Jason A. , Kroehling Lina , Wu Lin , Najar Tariq , Nguyen Henry H. , Lin Woan-Yu , Yeung Stephen T. , Silva Hernandez Moura , Li Dayi , Hine Ashley , Loke P’ng , Hudesman David , Martin Jerome C. , Kenigsberg Ephraim , Merad Miriam , Khanna Kamal M. , Littman Dan R. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryLymphoid cells that produce IL-17 cytokines protect barrier tissues from pathogenic microbes, but are also prominent effectors of inflammation and autoimmune disease. T-helper (TH17) cells, defined by RORγt-dependent production of IL-17A and IL-17F, exert homeostatic functions in the gut upon microbiota-directed differentiation from naïve CD4+ T cells. In the non-pathogenic setting, their cytokine production is regulated by serum amyloid A proteins (SAA1 and SAA2) secreted by adjacent intestinal epithelial cells. However, TH17 cell behaviors vary markedly according to their environment. Here we show that SAAs additionally direct a pathogenic pro-inflammatory TH17 cell differentiation program, acting directly on T cells in collaboration with STAT3-activating cytokines. Using loss- and gain-of-function mouse models, we show that SAA1, SAA2, and SAA3 have distinct systemic and local functions in promoting TH17-mediated inflammatory diseases. These studies suggest that T cell signaling pathways modulated by the SAAs may be attractive targets for anti-inflammatory therapies.
From drift to draft: How much do beneficial mutations actually contribute to predictions of Ohta’s slightly deleterious model of molecular evolution?
Authors: Chen Jun , Glémin Sylvain , Lascoux Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSince its inception in 1973 the slightly deleterious model of molecular evolution, aka the Nearly Neutral Theory of molecular evolution, remains a central model to explain the main patterns of DNA polymorphism in natural populations. This is not to say that the quantitative fit to data is perfect. In a recent study Castellanoet al.(2018) used polymorphism data fromD. melanogasterto test whether, as predicted by the Nearly Neutral Theory, the proportion of effectively neutral mutations depends on the effective population size (Ne). They showed that a nearly neutral model simply scaling with Nevariation across the genome could not explain alone the data but that consideration of linked positive selection improves the fit between observations and predictions. In the present article we extended their work in two main directions. First, we confirmed the observed pattern on a set of 59 species, including high quality genomic data from 11 animal and plant species with different mating systems and effective population sizes, hencea prioridifferent levels of linked selection. Second, for the 11 species with high quality genomic data we also estimated the full Distribution of Fitness Effects (DFE) of mutations, and not solely the DFE of deleterious mutations. Both Neand beneficial mutations contributed to the relationship between the proportion of effectively neutral mutations and local Neacross the genome. In conclusion, the predictions of the slightly deleterious model of molecular evolution hold well for species with small Ne. But for species with large Nethe fit is improved by incorporating linked positive selection to the model.
ΔN-Tp63 mediates Wnt/β-catenin-induced inhibition of differentiation in basal stem cells of mucociliary epithelia
Authors: Haas Maximilian , Vázquez José Luis Gómez , Sun Dingyuan Iris , Tran Hong Thi , Brislinger Magdalena , Tasca Alexia , Shomroni Orr , Vleminckx Kris , Walentek Peter 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMucociliary epithelia provide a first line of defense against pathogens in the airways and the epidermis of vertebrate larvae. Impaired regeneration and remodeling of mucociliary epithelia are associated with dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chronic airway diseases, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive and studies of Wnt signaling in mucociliary cells yield seemingly contradicting results. Employing theXenopusmucociliary epidermis, the mouse airway, and human airway basal stem cell cultures, we characterize the evolutionarily conserved roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mucociliary cells in vertebrates. Wnt signaling is required in multiciliated cells for cilia formation during differentiation stages, but in Basal cells, Wnt signaling prevents specification and differentiation of epithelial cell types by activatingΔN-TP63expression. We demonstrate that ΔN-TP63 is a master transcription factor in Basal cells, which is necessary and sufficient to mediate the Wnt-induced inhibition of differentiation and is required to retain basal stem cells during development. Chronic stimulation of Wnt signaling leads to mucociliary remodeling and Basal cell hyperplasia, but this is reversiblein vivoandin vitro, suggesting Wnt inhibition as an option in the treatment of chronic lung diseases. Our work sheds light into the evolutionarily conserved regulation of stem cells and differentiation, resolves Wnt functions in mucociliary epithelia, and provides crucial insights into mucociliary development, regeneration and disease mechanisms.
Cardiac myocytes respond differentially and synergistically to matrix stiffness and topography
Authors: Wan William , Bjorkman Kristen K. , Choi Esther S. , Panepento Amanda L. , Anseth Kristi S. , Leinwand Leslie A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDuring cardiac disease progression, myocytes undergo molecular, functional and structural changes, including increases in cell size and shape, decreased myocyte alignment and contractility. The heart often increases extracellular matrix production and stiffness, which affect myocytes. The order and hierarchy of these events remain unclear as available in vitro cell culture systems do not adequately model both physiologic and pathologic environments. Traditional cell culture substrates are 5-6 orders of magnitude stiffer than even diseased native cardiac tissue. Studies that do account for substrate stiffness often do not consider intercellular alignment and vice versa. We developed a cardiac myocyte culture platform that better recapitulates native tissue stiffness while simultaneously introducing topographical cues that promote cellular alignment. We show that stiffness and topography impact myocyte molecular and functional properties. We used a spatiotemporally-tunable, photolabile hydrogel platform to generate a range of stiffness and micron-scale topographical patterns to guide neonatal rat ventricular myocyte morphology. Importantly, these substrate patterns were of subcellular dimensions to test whether cells would spontaneously respond to topographical cues rather than an imposed geometry. Cellular contractility was highest and the gene expression profile was most physiologic on gels with healthy cardiac tissue stiffness. Surprisingly, while elongated patterns in stiff gels yielded the greatest cellular alignment, the cells actually had more pathologic functional and molecular profiles. These results highlight that morphological measurements alone are not a surrogate for overall cellular health as many studies assume. In general, substrate stiffness and micropatterning synergistically affect cardiac myocyte phenotype to recreate physiologic and pathologic microenvironments.Significance StatementHeart disease is accompanied by organ- and cellular-level remodeling, and deconvoluting their interplay is complex. Cellular-level change is best studied in vitro due to greater control and uniformity of cell types compared to animals. One common metric is degree of cellular alignment as misalignment of myocytes is a hallmark of disease. However, most studies utilize featureless culture surfaces that are orders of magnitude stiffer than, and do not mimic the scaffolding of, the heart. We developed a hydrogel platform with tunable stiffness and patterns providing topographical alignment cues. We cultured heart cells on and characterized multifactorial responses to these dynamic surfaces. Interestingly, conditions that yielded greatest alignment did not yield the healthiest functional and molecular state. Thus, morphology alone is not an indicator of overall cellular health.
Coevolutive, Evolutive and Stochastic Information in Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: Andrade Miguel , Pontes Camila , Treptow Werner 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTHere, we investigate the contributions of coevolutive, evolutive and stochastic information in determining protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on primary sequences of two interacting protein families A and B. Specifically, under the assumption that coevolutive information is imprinted on the interacting amino acids of two proteins in contrast to other (evolutive and stochastic) sources spread over their sequences, we dissect those contributions in terms of compensatory mutations at physically-coupled and uncoupled amino acids of A and B. We find that physically-coupled amino-acids at short range distances store the largest per-contact mutual information content, with a significant fraction of that content resulting from coevolutive sources alone. The information stored in coupled amino acids is shown further to discriminate multi-sequence alignments (MSAs) with the largest expectation fraction of PPI matches – a conclusion that holds against various definitions of intermolecular contacts and binding modes. When compared to the informational content resulting from evolution at long-range interactions, the mutual information in physically-coupled amino-acids is the strongest signal to distinguish PPIs derived from cospeciation and likely, the unique indication in case of molecular coevolution in independent genomes as the evolutive information must vanish for uncorrelated proteins.SIGNIFICANCEThe problem of predicting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on multi-sequence alignments (MSAs) appears not completely resolved to date. In previous studies, one or more sources of information were taken into account not clarifying the isolated contributions of coevolutive, evolutive and stochastic information in resolving the problem. By benefiting from data sets made available in the sequence- and structure-rich era, we revisit the field to show that physically-coupled amino-acids of proteins store the largest (per contact) information content to discriminate MSAs with the largest expectation fraction of PPI matches – a result that should guide new developments in the field, aiming at characterizing protein interactions in general.
Structural characterization of Treponema pallidum Tp0225 reveals an unexpected leucine-rich repeat architecture
Authors: Ramaswamy Raghavendran , Houston Simon , Loveless Bianca , Cameron Caroline E. , Boulanger Martin J. 
Published: June 2019

The phylogenetically divergent spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis. Central to the capacity of T. pallidum to establish infection is the ability of the pathogen to attach to a diversity of host cells. Many pathogenic bacteria employ leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain-containing proteins to mediate protein–protein interactions, including attachment to host components and establishment of infection. Intriguingly, T. pallidum expresses only one putative LRR domain-containing protein (Tp0225) with an unknown function. In an effort to ascribe a function to Tp0225, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis was first performed; this investigation revealed that Tp0225 clusters with the pathogenic clade of treponemes. Its crystal structure was then determined to 2.0 Å resolution using Pt SAD phasing, which revealed a noncanonical architecture containing a hexameric LRR core with a discontinuous β-sheet bridged by solvent molecules. Furthermore, a surface-exposed, hydrophobic pocket, which was found in Tp0225 but is largely absent in canonical LRR domains from other pathogenic bacteria, may serve to coordinate a hydrophobic ligand. Overall, this study provides the first structural characterization of the sole LRR domain-containing protein from T. pallidum and offers insight into the unique molecular landscape of this important human pathogen.
Combination modeling of auto body assembly dimension propagation considering multi-source information for variation reduction
Authors: Liu Yinhua , Zhang Shiming , Chu Guoping 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to present a combination modeling method using multi-source information in the process to improve the accuracy of the dimension propagation relationship for assembly variation reduction.Design/methodology/approachBased on a variable weight combination prediction method, the combination model that takes the mechanism model and data-driven model based on inspection data into consideration is established. Furthermore, the combination model is applied to qualification rate prediction for process alarming based on the Monte Carlo simulation and also used in engineering tolerance confirmation in mass production stage.FindingsThe combination model of variable weights considers both the static theoretical mechanic variation propagation model and the dynamic variation relationships from the regression model based on data collections, and provides more accurate assembly deviation predictions for process alarming.Originality/valueA combination modeling method could be used to provide more accurate variation predictions and new engineering tolerance design procedures for the assembly process.
Characterisation and jelly processing potential of different fig cultivars
Authors: Curi Paula Nogueira , Albergaria Francielly Corrêa , Pio Rafael , Schiassi Maria Cecília Evangelista Vasconcelos , Tavares Bruna de Sousa , Souza Vanessa Rios de 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to characterise eight different fig cultivars with respect to antioxidant activity and bioactive compound content and to assess the influence of these cultivars on the physicochemical characteristics, rheological properties and sensory acceptance of the obtained jelly to identify cultivars with increased potential for processing when grown in subtropical regions.

Design/methodology/approach
The analyses of fig fruits and fig jellies were performed in triplicate. To characterise the fig cultivars, analyses of antioxidant activity, phenolic compound content and ascorbic acid concentration were performed on fresh fruits. For the jellies, the total titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, colour, texture profile and sensory attributes were analysed.

Findings
With respect to antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds, the Roxo de Valinhos displayed the highest antioxidant activity according to the ABTS method, ß-carotene and DPPH; the Três num Prato, Lemon and Brunswick cultivars presented the highest ascorbic acid values; and the Três num Prato cultivar also had the highest total phenolic content. Generally, the various fig cultivars yielded jellies with different physical and chemical characteristics and different rheological properties. This variation did not significantly affect acceptability. This study demonstrates that all of the evaluated cultivars have high potential for processing.

Originality/value
This study evaluated the processing potential of Roxo de Valinhos and other fig cultivars in the form of jelly, which in view of the food risk concerns of the dried fig, seems to be an interesting alternative for consumption of processed fig.
Impact of outward FDI on firms’ productivity over the food industry: evidence from China
Authors: Chen Ting-gui , Lin Gan , Yabe Mitsuyasu 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on the productivity of parent firms over the food industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The main data in this paper are derived from the China Industrial Enterprise Database 2005–2013 and a data set of Chinese firms’ OFDI information. Then this paper uses propensity score matching to match the treatment and control groups with firm characteristics and combines that with the differences-in-differences method to estimate the real effect of OFDI on total factor productivity.

Findings
The food firm’s OFDI significantly improves the parent firm’s productivity (known as the OFDI own-firm effect), but this promotion only exists in the short term. The OFDI own-firm effect of food firms differs remarkably as the sub-sectors, regions and ownership of firms vary. The food firm’s OFDI in “non-tax havens” and high-income destinations has a significantly stronger effect on the parent firm’s productivity. FDI, R&D and exporting can effectively strengthen the OFDI own-firm effect of food firms.

Originality/value
The effect of OFDI on food industry productivity has not been researched yet. This paper aims to fill this gap. This paper further divides the characteristics of food firms into different sub-sectors, regions and ownership types for a comparative analysis, with the aim of conducting a more comprehensive study at the micro-level of firms. In addition, an investigation into which factors influence the degree of the OFDI own-firm effect at the micro-level has not been found in the literature. This paper will draw its own conclusions.
Corporate governance and payout policy: evidence from India
Authors: Rajput Monika , Jhunjhunwala Shital 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the impact of ownership structure and corporate governance on dividend policy in emerging markets, like India. The study also analyses the moderation effects of board independence between ownership and dividend payout.Design/methodology/approachThe data set of 1,546 Indian firms over the period of 2006-2017 has been used in this study. Tobit and logistic regression methods has been used. The data used in this study are collected from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) Prowess database. The sample firms are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE).FindingsFirst, the study finds a significant positive influence of corporate governance on the decision to pay dividend and is an important determinant of the payout decision. Second, the study finds a significant negative relationship of family ownership with dividend payout decisions which indicates that family firms pay lower dividend. Finally, the result from the interaction effect of board independence with family ownership has significant positive influence on dividend policy.Originality/valueThis is one of the first attempt to show that there is an interaction between independent board and ownership structure. It shows that more independent and non-executive directors in the board of family controlled firms are likely to pay more dividends.
Approximation of complex organic tissue for investigation of the electromagnetic impact
Authors: Frivaldsky Michal , Pavelek Miroslav , Spanik Pavol , Faktorova Dagmar , Spanikova Gabriela 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the performance of the approximated model of biological tissue for development of complex 3 D models. The comparison of results from the complex model of liver tissue and results from the approximated model is provided to validate the proposed approximation method.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model of hepatic tissue (respecting its heterogeneous character up to the microstructure of hepatic lobules) is used for analysis of current field distribution within this tissue. Initially, the complex model of tissue structure (respecting the heterogenous structure) is presented, considering its complicated structure. Consequently, the procedure for the approximation of a complex model is being described. The main motivation is the need for simple, fast and accurate simulation model, which can be consequently used within more complex modeling of human organs for investigation of negative impacts of electrosurgical equipment on heterogenic tissue structure. For these purposes, the complex and approximated model are mutually compared and evaluated.

Findings
The obtained results are exploitable for the analysis of the probability of injury formation in sensitive tissue structures, and the approximated model shall serve for optimization of complex and time-consuming analyses.

Research limitations/implications
Research limitations include development of precise and fast electro-magnetic simulation model of biological tissue.

Practical implications
Practical implications is focused on the optimization processes of the electro-surgical procedures.

Originality/value
The originality of the paper concerns the approximation method of organic tissue modeling.