bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of professional ethics of traffic police officers as an important element for creating a high level of public self-confidence
Authors: Temnyakov Dmitrii Aleksandrovich , Zrazhevskii Dmitrii Viktorovich 
Published: November 2024

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the ethical education of employees of the State Road Safety Inspectorate. The object of the study is the professional ethics of an employee of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate, which is a set of moral obligations, principles and norms of behavior of traffic police officers in the process of communicating with management, colleagues and road users. The authors consider the specific features of the service ethics of employees of the State Road Safety Inspectorate. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as a scientific understanding of the principles of formation of professional ethics of traffic police officers, reveal how the moral character of traffic police officers affects their relationships with managers, colleagues and road users. The authors pay special attention to the principles of professional ethics of employees of the State Road Safety Inspectorate, which include such characteristics as tolerance, sensitivity, humanism, democratic attitude, moral norms and compliance with legal requirements. The research methodology is based on a personality-oriented approach to the professional training of traffic police officers. Among the theoretical methods, the systematization and generalization of pedagogical practices in the field of training traffic police officers are used. The authors have proposed brief recommendations for maintaining a positive image of an employee of the State Road Safety Inspectorate. The work specifies normative legal acts regulating the observance of moral and ethical standards by employees of the State Traffic Inspectorate. The authors pay special attention to the principles of professional ethics of employees of the State Road Safety Inspectorate, which include such characteristics as tolerance, sensitivity, humanism, democratic attitude, moral norms and compliance with legal requirements. The authors have proposed brief recommendations for maintaining a positive image of an employee of the State Road Safety Inspectorate. The work specifies normative legal acts regulating the observance of moral and ethical standards by employees of the State Traffic Inspectorate. The novelty of the study lies in the consideration of the professional and ethical features of the activities of traffic police officers affecting the formation of trusting relationships with road users.
Stability Analysis Techniques for Commensurate Fractional-Order Systems with Caputo Derivatives
Authors: Arhnful D. A. , Otoo H. , Acquah J. 
Published: November 2024

Dynamics of fractional-order systems has presently become a very extensively studied research area. This can be attributed to the various benefits of fractional-order derivatives such as hereditary properties, more degrees of freedom, and other advantages over the traditional integer-order derivatives. The standard Routh- Hurwitz criterion provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of systems of integer-order differential equations, however, this criterion is only a sufficient condition for the Matignon-stability theorem for fractional-order derivatives. Therefore, devising methods for determining the stability of fractional-order systems has become necessary. In this paper, we study techniques such as the Sylvester criterion, Schur complement, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, and the Root locus technique for stability analysis of commensurate fractional-order systems in the Caputo sense. We demonstrate these methods on the fractional Lorenz and reverse butterfly-shaped systems in exploring their performance on these systems. The Root Locus technique explicitly identifies stability conditions and allows for bifurcation analysis of these fractional systems. These findings enhance modeling in various scientific and engineering fields.
Synergistic Impact of Compost Amended Biofertilizers in Enhancing Yield and Quality of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom
Authors: Kumari Chanchila , Sinha Jyoti , Choudhary Nupur , Raypa Pratima 
Published: November 2024

Biofertilizers in button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation has emerged as an innovative and eco-friendly approach to enhance yield and quality. Biofertilizers, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms, and mycorrhizal fungi, have demonstrated significant potential in improving mycelial growth, fruiting body formation, and nutrient uptake. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., Azotobacter, Azospirillum) and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (e.g., Bacillus, Pseudomonas) play vital roles in providing essential nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus to support mycelial growth and fruiting body formation. These microbial inoculants not only augment nutrient availability but also stimulate enzyme activity, leading to faster substrate colonization and healthier fruiting bodies. In comparison to chemical fertilizers, biofertilizers promote a more sustainable cultivation practice by enhancing soil health, minimizing chemical input, and reducing environmental impact. Studies have shown that applying biofertilizers can result in higher mushroom yields, improved nutritional profiles, and better resilience to environmental stress. Specifically, nitrogen-fixing bacteria help in assimilating atmospheric nitrogen, making it available to the growing mushrooms, while phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria increase the availability of phosphorus, which is essential for energy transfer and mycelial growth. Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with mushroom mycelium, facilitating better nutrient absorption from the substrate. The combined effects of these biofertilizers ensure optimal conditions for both growth and quality enhancement. Moreover, biofertilizers contribute to the reduction of heavy metal accumulation in mushrooms, thereby ensuring safer and healthier produce for consumers. In addition to their nutritional benefits, biofertilizers also play a role in improving the physical structure of the growing medium, making it more conducive for mushroom cultivation. Biofertilizers promote enzymes such as cellulases and ligninases, which break down complex organic materials, accelerating substrate colonization and improving mushroom health. However, challenges remain in optimizing the use of biofertilizers, as their effectiveness can be influenced by various factors such as the type of substrate, environmental conditions, and the specific microbial strains used. Variability in performance and limited shelf life of some biofertilizers also pose challenges in their widespread adoption. Nonetheless, with ongoing research and technological advancements, biofertilizers are increasingly becoming a sustainable and cost-effective solution for mushroom farmers. By reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers, they not only support better yields and quality but also contribute to a more environmentally sustainable approach to agriculture.
Unity Makes Strength: How Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens Advance the Biomedical Field
Authors: Gao Heqi , Zhang Xiaoyan , Chen Chao , Li Kai , Ding Dan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFluorescent bioprobes play an important role in preclinical and clinical practice. During the past few years, a distinguished type of organic luminogen with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics has shown great potential in construction of advanced fluorescent bioprobes for biological process monitoring and disease theranostics. The AIE luminogens (AIEgens) possess high brightness, excellent photostability, low toxicity, and tailorable functionality, catering to a variety of biomedical tasks. Thanks to the unique fluorescent signature, these AIEgens are ideal candidates to design stimuli‐responsive light‐up probes and highly emissive fluorescent nanoparticles. This review especially focuses on the exploration of smart/functional AIEgen‐based bioprobes for biomedical studies to promote the development of this promising research field. The recent advances of such bioprobes in specific biomedical applications in terms of bacteria imaging and suppressing, targeted cellular/intracellular organelle imaging and ablation, as well as in vivo blood vessel imaging and disease theranostics are summarized. It is hoped that the review will not only provide insights into the design and preparation of advanced bioprobes, but also inspire greater enthusiasm from the researchers working in biomedicines and life sciences to pay attention to and use AIEgens.
Surface Modifier Effects on Gold Nanoprobe for the Assay of Matrix Metalloproteinases
Authors: Hong Jin , Chen Yu‐Feng , Ma Yu , Zhang Fen‐Fen , Wang Chun‐Ming , Ding Ya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo directly compare the surface modifier effects on the property regulation of nanoparticle (NP)‐based systems, a fluorescence quenched nanoprobe (GpF) responsive to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is employed as a demonstration. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are modified on the surface of GpF via different modes, the SAu covalent bond and nonspecific interaction, respectively. PEG and BSA display similarly protective capability to GpF and increase their biocompatibility that are demonstrated in stability, cytotoxicity, and hemolysis studies. Although PEGylated NPs show better in vivo long circulation property than BSA‐decorated ones, the merit of BSA in controlling the system size in a relatively small range improves the penetration of GpF‐BSA in tumor tissues and reduces the accumulation in normal tissues. Through an MMP‐dominated catalysis and then a glutathione‐assisted replacement process, the fluorescence recovery of GpF‐BSA shows higher efficiency than PEG‐modified NPs. It can be explained by the low steric hindrance and exchangeable manner of BSA on the surface of GpF. The results in this work demonstrate that an endogenous protein having dysopsonization function will be a promising material for the construction and surface modification of nanosystems for biomedical applications.
Organic Field‐Effect Transistor for Energy‐Related Applications: Low‐Power‐Consumption Devices, Near‐Infrared Phototransistors, and Organic Thermoelectric Devices
Authors: Ren Xiaochen , Yang Fangxu , Gao Xiong , Cheng Shanshan , Zhang Xiaotao , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) is the basic building block of integrated circuits. The charge carrier mobility and operating frequency of OFETs have continued to increase; therefore, the power dissipation of OFETs can no longer be ignored. Many research efforts have been made to develop low‐power‐consumption OFETs and complementary circuits. Despite the switching function, OFETs can also be utilized in emerging energy‐related applications, such as near‐infrared (NIR) photodetectors and organic thermoelectric devices. Organic phototransistors show considerably higher photo responsivity than other photodetector architectures due to field‐effect charge modulation. The photoinduced gate modulating largely suppresses the dark current while simultaneously providing gain. These characteristics may favor NIR light detection and suggest that the organic phototransistor is a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications in the NIR regime. For organic thermoelectric applications, OFETs can work as a powerful tool for examining the charge and energy transport in the organic semiconductor, thus giving insight into organic thermoelectric studies. In this review, the authors highlight recent advances in OFET‐ related energy topics, including low‐power‐consumption OFETs, NIR photodetectors, and organic thermoelectric devices. The remaining challenges in the field will also be discussed.
Leaf‐Mosaic‐Inspired Vine‐Like Graphitic Carbon Nitride Showing High Light Absorption and Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wu Lanlan , Zhao Xinyu , Zhao Yingnan , Tan Huaqiao , Zhao Xia , Ma Yuanyuan , Zhao Zhao , Song Shuyan , Wang Yonghui , Li Yangguang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGreen plants use solar energy efficiently in nature. Simulating the exquisite structure of a natural photosynthesis system may open a new approach for the construction of desirable photocatalysts with high light harvesting efficiency and performance. Herein, inspired by the excellent light utilization of “leaf mosaic” in plants, a novel vine‐like g‐C3N4 (V‐CN) is synthesized for the first time by copolymerizing urea with dicyandiamide‐formaldehyde (DF) resin. The as‐prepared V‐CN exhibits ultrahigh photocatalytic hydrogen production of 13.6 mmol g−1 h−1 under visible light and an apparent quantum yield of 12.7% at 420 nm, which is ≈38 times higher than that of traditional g‐C3N4, representing one of the highest‐activity g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts. This super photocatalytic performance is derived from the unique leaf mosaic structure of V‐CN, which effectively improves its light utilization and affords a larger specific surface area. In addition, the introduction of DF resin further optimizes the energy band of V‐CN, extends its light absorption, and improves its crystallinity and interfacial charge transport, resulting in high performance. It is an easy and green strategy for the preparation of broad‐spectrum, high‐performance g‐C3N4, which presents significant advancement for the design of other nanophotocatalysts by simulating the fine structure of natural photosynthesis.
Distribution of Clinical Rotations Among Emergency Medicine Residency Programs in the United States
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Arno Kimbia , Kuhns Matthew , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionThere are over 200 emergency medicine (EM) residency programs in the United States. While there are basic criteria defined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), there can be significant variation between programs with regard to rotation distribution. Therefore, it would be valuable to have a benchmark for programs to understand their rotation mix in the context of the national landscape. This study aimed to provide a breakdown of the length and percentage of EM residency programs with each clinical rotation in the United States. This study also sought to examine trends and changes in EM residency programs since 1986.MethodsA list of all current EM residency programs was obtained using the ACGME website. All program websites were reviewed, and data were independently dual extracted by two investigators with discrepancies resolved by consensus with a third investigator. Programs without curricular data available online were queried via e‐mail for the data. Programs were separated into 3‐ versus 4‐year lengths. Mean, standard deviation, and range were calculated for each rotation.ResultsA total of 200 of 202 programs (99%) had data available. Of these programs, 84.5% had a dedicated pediatric EM rotation with mean length of 9.7 weeks among 3‐year programs and 12.1 weeks among 4‐year programs. A total of 88% had a dedicated ultrasound rotation, 60% had a dedicated toxicology rotation, 73.5% had a dedicated emergency medical services rotation, 74% had a dedicated orthopedics rotation, 60% had a dedicated administration rotation, 29% had a dedicated research rotation, and 95% had dedicated elective time.DiscussionThis study provides summative data regarding the rotation distribution among EM programs in the United States. Compared with prior data, there is less time dedicated to internal medicine rotations and increased pediatric, trauma, ultrasound, toxicology, and critical care experiences. These data will inform current and new EM residency programs when determining rotation selection.
Phylogeny, evolution, and biogeographic history of Calandrinia (Montiaceae)
Authors: Hancock Lillian P. , Obbens Frank , Moore Abigail J. , Thiele Kevin , de Vos Jurriaan M. , West Judy , Holtum Joseph A. M. , Edwards Erika J. 
Published: July 2018

Premise of the StudyCalandrinia are small, succulent herbs that vary broadly in habitat, morphology, life history, and photosynthetic metabolism. The lineage is placed within the Montiaceae, which in turn is sister to the rest of the Portulacineae (Caryophyllales). Calandrinia occupy two distinct biogeographic regions, one in the Americas (~14 species), and one in Australia (~74 species). Past analyses of the Montiaceae present conflicting hypotheses for the phylogenetic placement and monophyly of Calandrinia, and to date, there has been no molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Australian species.MethodsUsing a targeted gene enrichment approach, we sequenced 297 loci from multiple gene families across the Montiaceae, including all named and 16 putative new species of Australian Calandrinia, and the enigmatic monotypic genus Rumicastrum.Key ResultsAll data sets and analyses reject the monophyly of Calandrinia, with Australian and New World Calandrinia each comprising distinct and well‐supported clades, and Rumicastrum nested within Australian Calandrinia. We provide the first well‐supported phylogeny for Australian Calandrinia, which includes all named species and several phrase‐named taxa.ConclusionsThis study brings much needed clarity to relationships within Montiaceae and confirms that New World and Australian Calandrinia do not form a clade. Australian Calandrinia is a longtime resident of the continent, having diverged from its sister lineage ~30 Ma, concurrent with separation of Australia from Antarctica. Most diversification occurred during the middle Miocene, with lowered speciation and/or higher extinction rates coincident with the establishment of severe aridity by the late Miocene.
Araucaria lefipanensis(Araucariaceae), a new species with dimorphic leaves from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Andruchow‐Colombo Ana , Escapa Ignacio H. , Cúneo N. Rubén , Gandolfo María A. 
Published: July 2018

Premise of the StudyWe describe a new araucarian species,Araucaria lefipanensis, from the Late Cretaceous flora of the Lefipán Formation, in Patagonia (Argentina) based on reproductive and vegetative remains, with a combination of characters that suggest mosaic evolution in theAraucarialineage.MethodsThe studied fossils were found at the Cañadón del Loro locality. Specimens were separated into two leaf morphotypes, and their morphological differences were tested with MANOVA.Key ResultsThe new speciesAraucaria lefipanensisis erected based on the association of dimorphic leaves with cuticle remains and isolated cone scale complexes. The reproductive morphology is characteristic of the extant sectionEutacta, whereas the vegetative organs resemble those of the sectionsIntermedia,Bunya, andAraucaria(the broad‐leaved clade).ConclusionsThe leaf dimorphism ofA. lefipanensisis similar to that of extantA. bidwillii, where dimorphism is considered to be related to seasonal growth. The leaf dimorphism inA. lefipanensisis consistent with the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstructions previously suggested for the Lefipán Formation, which is thought to have been a seasonal subtropical forest. The new species shows evidence of mosaic evolution, with cone scale complexes morphologically similar to sectionEutactaand leaves similar to the sections of the broad‐leaved clade, constituting a possible transitional form between these two well‐defined lineages. More complete plant concepts, especially those including both reproductive and vegetative remains are necessary to understand the evolution of ancient plant lineages. This work contributes to this aim by documenting a new species that may add to the understanding of the early evolution of the sections ofAraucaria.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from Oxytropis diversifolia (Fabaceae)
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Han , Liu Pei‐Liang , Su Chun , Xiao Liang , Chang Zhao‐Yang 
Published: July 2018

Premise of the StudyMicrosatellite primers were developed for a perennial legume from northern China, Oxytropis diversifolia (Fabaceae), to investigate population genetic structure of this taxon, as well as potential hybridization events with closely related taxa in this genus.Methods and ResultsOne hundred and five primer pairs were designed from Illumina sequence data and screened for suitability. Fifteen of these primer pairs were polymorphic, and these primers amplified tri‐, tetra‐, and pentanucleotide repeats with 10–56 alleles per locus. Cross‐amplification tests in three other Oxytropis species from northern China (O. leptophylla, O. neimonggolica, and O. squammulosa) revealed that all of these loci can be amplified successfully and show polymorphism.ConclusionsThese primer pairs can be used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure in future studies of O. diversifolia, as well as studies of potential hybridization events with closely related taxa in this genus.
Utility of thermographic measurements of laterality of body surface temperature to prevent misdiagnosis of acute Wallenberg's syndrome
Authors: Takahashi Makoto , Shinya Akiko , Ito Naohito , Ebina Junya , Abe Keisuke , Inaba Akira , Orimo Satoshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionAcute Wallenberg's syndrome (WS) is sometimes misdiagnosed as a nonstroke disease including auditory vertigo, and careful neurological examination is required for a precise diagnosis. Lateral difference of body surface temperature (BST) had been reported as a symptom of WS, although further details of this symptom are currently lacking. Our aim was to investigate the laterality of BST of patients with acute WS using thermography and the usefulness of thermography to detect acute WS.MethodsNine consecutive patients with new‐onset acute WS and nine patients with acute pontine infarction, intended for a comparison, were enrolled. Using thermography, the BST of patients was measured and initially evaluated visually. Detailed BSTs were measured using dedicated software. We examined the relationship between BST and other clinical factors, including first diagnosis, clinical symptoms, and MRI findings.ResultsFour patients with WS (44.44%) were misdiagnosed with nonstroke disease and did not receive a thermography assessment at their first visit; in contrast, all acute pontine infarction patients were diagnosed with brain infarction. Eight patients with WS (89%) showed a laterality of BST at multiple sites, and three of eight patients showed a whole‐body laterality of BST; in contrast, only two pontine infarction patients showed laterality of BST at one or two sites. These lateral BST differences were easily observed visually using thermography within two minutes. The BST laterality gradually decreased over time in almost all patients with WS. The infarction size in the WS patients with whole‐body laterality of BST was craniocaudally larger than in the other patients, and the size was smallest in the patient showing no BST laterality.ConclusionsIn contrast to acute pontine infarction patients, almost all patients with acute WS showed lateral BST differences, which was easily detected with thermography. Thermography may thus be a useful tool to prevent misdiagnosis of acute WS.