bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(In)credibly queer? Assessments of asylum claims based on sexual orientation
Authors: Selim Hedayat , Lindblad Pia , Vanto Johanna , Skrifvars Jenny , Alvesalo‐Kuusi Anne , Korkman Julia , Pirjatanniemi Elina , Antfolk Jan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeQueer asylum‐seekers should be given an opportunity to have their claim evaluated in a fair and unbiased manner. Despite this, research shows they risk having their claims rejected based on stereotypes about sexual minorities. In the present study, we investigated how the Finnish Immigration Service evaluated credibility in asylum claims lodged by sexual minorities.MethodsWe analysed 68 negative asylum decisions to assess the arguments made to reject the asylum claim. To do this, we developed a detailed coding scheme to investigate the specific themes and credibility indicators cited in the asylum decisions.ResultsWe found that the asylum claims were most often rejected because the applicant's account of their sexual orientation was not found to be sufficiently detailed, consistent, or plausible. Officials appeared to hold assumptions around sexual identity development and interpersonal relationships that are partially unsupported by established psychological science.ConclusionsAssessments of SOGI claims would benefit from a greater consideration of the factors affecting queer asylum applicants' ability to describe their claims, including cross‐cultural differences in understandings of sexuality, variability in human behaviour, and practical barriers within the asylum procedure.
Conserved and Unique Protein Expression Patterns Across Reproductive Stage Transitions in Social Hymenopteran Queens
Authors: McAfee Alison , Martinet Baptiste , Przybyla Kimberly , Degueldre Félicien , Hoover Shelley E. , Aron Serge , Foster Leonard J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHymenopteran queens are collectively highly fecund, often long‐lived individuals that undergo dramatic physiological changes after they mate and establish a nest. However, the degree to which these changes are conserved among species with different life histories is not well‐defined. We conducted a comparative proteomic study investigating differences between reproductive stages (virgin, mated and established queens) of Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens, B. terrestris and Lasius niger. We analysed haemolymph for all species except L. niger, for which a whole‐body analysis was performed due to the small size of these queens. We identified conserved upregulation of proteins involved in anatomical and system development as queens transition to establishing a nest in all species except B. terrestris. We also identified conserved patterns of vitellogenin, vitellogenin receptor and immune‐responsive protein (IRP)30, all of which are proteins typically associated with oviposition. However, expression patterns of other immune proteins, heat‐shock proteins (HSPs), detoxification enzymes and antioxidant enzymes were more dissimilar, with some species exhibiting similar trends and co‐occurrence through reproductive stages, while others exhibited variable or opposite patterns. These conserved and unique profiles likely in part reflect similarities and differences in selective pressure on reproductive stages of each species and may indicate differing abilities to respond to emergent pathogens or environmental change.
Evaluating Dentists' Understanding of Dry Mouth Management: An International Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Alsalhani Anas B. , Nassani Mohammad Zakaria , Noushad Mohammed , Tarakji Bassel , Rastam Samer , Sioufi Azza , Sabbagh Basem , Yousief Salah A. , Binrayes Abdulaziz , Hussain Mudassir , Arshad Mohammed , Haque Tahsinul , Akhter Fatema , Fayis Shamil , Mousa Rami Taher , Adi Mowaffak , Kujan Omar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveStudying dentists' knowledge of dry mouth management is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment, improving patient outcomes and oral health. This study aimed to evaluate their knowledge and awareness of dry mouth and its predictors.Materials and MethodsA pre‐validated online survey was administered to a convenience sample of dentists across six countries. The questionnaire evaluated knowledge in various domains, including predisposing factors, diagnosis, clinical signs and symptoms, and management of dry mouth.ResultsA total of 884 dentists participated. Knowledge and awareness of dry mouth management varied significantly between countries (p < 0.05). Overall, 34.3% of participants demonstrated good knowledge, while 53.7% had moderate knowledge. Regarding management awareness, 55.4% had good awareness and 35.5% had moderate awareness. A majority (69.2%) showed good knowledge of common signs, symptoms, and consequences of dry mouth. Significant predictors of better knowledge and awareness included the country of practice and attendance at continuing education courses on dry mouth.ConclusionThe findings suggest that dentists in the surveyed countries require improved education on dry mouth and its management. Dental educators and healthcare planners can use this data to design targeted continuing education activities to enhance knowledge and awareness of dry mouth.
Language and parental satisfaction during inpatient stay: A pilot survey study in a quaternary pediatric hospital
Authors: Telicki Benjamin P. , Lukovits Karina , Bernier Rachel , Baier Amanda W. , Staffa Steven J. , Nasr Viviane G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundConsidering the significant volume of non‐English speakers seeking medical care in the United States and the challenges they may encounter within the hospital environment, it is necessary to assess the satisfaction of non‐English‐speaking families during their hospital stays and to determine potential areas of improvement in order to optimize care.AimsWe aimed to evaluate and describe the satisfaction of Arabic‐, Spanish‐, and English‐speaking families at a quaternary pediatric hospital. From the measures assessed, we sought to identify perceived strengths and weaknesses of the inpatient experience for families who spoke different languages. In doing so, we aimed to identify ways to improve the hospital experience for patients and their families.MethodsWe created a 23‐item satisfaction questionnaire that was vetted by the hospital's Global Services Department, professionally translated into Arabic and Spanish, and tested by native speakers. The survey contained questions pertaining to parent/guardian demographics, their experience with the hospital environment, and their care team or services. Using the questionnaire, we surveyed Arabic‐, Spanish‐, and English‐speaking parents/guardians of post‐procedural patients under 18 years of age in intensive care units (ICUs) and on inpatient floors.ResultsA total of 162 surveys were collected with roughly equal distribution across the three language groups (52 Arabic, 53 Spanish, 57 English). We found no statistically significant difference in satisfaction scores across the three language groups, nor across self‐reported English‐proficient and non‐English‐proficient Arabic and Spanish respondents. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in satisfaction between parents/guardians in ICUs and those on inpatient floors.ConclusionsThis pilot survey suggests that inclusivity and availability of interpretation resources play a role in successfully creating an environment where both English and non‐English speakers are satisfied. Further development and validation of the survey instrument should be performed, along with testing at other institutions.
De‐Methyl Esterification Modification of Root Pectin Mediates Cd Accumulation of Lactuca sativa
Authors: Zhang Qian‐hui , Tan Xuan‐tong , Li Zhen‐bang , Chen Yi‐qi , Yang Zhong‐Yi , Xin Guo‐rong , He Chun‐tao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soil brings severe health risks through the dietary intake of Cd‐polluted crops. The comprehensive role of pectin in lowering Cd accumulation is investigated through low Cd accumulated (L) and high Cd accumulated (H) cultivars of L. sativa. The significantly different Cd contents in the edible parts of two L. sativa cultivars are accomplished by different Cd transportations. The pectin is the dominant responsive cell wall component according to significantly increased uronic acid contents and the differential Cd absorption between unmodified and modified cell wall. The chemical structure characterization revealed the decreased methyl esterification in pectin under Cd treatment compared with control. Significantly brighter LM19 relative fluorescence density and 40.82% decreased methanol in the root pectin of L cultivar under Cd treatment (p < 0.05) supported that the de‐methyl esterification of root pectin is more significant in L cultivar than in H cultivar. The pectin de‐methyl esterification of L cultivar is achieved by the upregulation of pectin esterases and the downregulation of pectin esterase inhibitors under Cd treatments, which has facilitated the higher Cd‐binding of pectin. Our findings provide deep insight into the differential Cd accumulation of L. sativa cultivars and contribute to the understanding the pollutant behaviors in plants.
Crucial Roles of Brassinosteroids in Cell Wall Composition and Structure Across Species: New Insights and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Percio Francisco , Rubio Lourdes , Amorim‐Silva Vitor , Botella Miguel A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBrassinosteroids (BR) are steroidal phytohormones essential for plant growth, development, and stress resistance. They fulfil this role partially by modulating cell wall structure and composition through the control of gene expression involved in primary and secondary cell wall biosynthesis and metabolism. This affects the deposition of cellulose, lignin, and other components, and modifies the inner architecture of the wall, allowing it to adapt to the developmental status and environmental conditions. This review focuses on the effects that BR exerts on the main components of the cell wall, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and lignin, in multiple and relevant plant species. We summarize the outcomes that result from modifying cell wall components by altering BR gene expression, applying exogenous BR and utilizing natural variability in BR content and describing new roles of BR in cell wall structure. Additionally, we discuss the potential use of BR to address pressing needs, such as increasing crop yield and quality, enhancing stress resistance and improving wood production through cell wall modulation.
Schistosomicidal Effects of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Extract on Schistosoma mansoni‐Infected Mice
Authors: Elmalawany Alshimaa M. , Osman Gamalat Y. , Mohamed Azza H. , Khalaf Fatema M. , Yassien Rania I. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSchistosomiasis causes severe hepatic fibrosis, making it a global health issue. Moringa oleifera seed oil extract, which had antiparasitic, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects, was investigated as an alternative treatment. The 50 mice were divided into control, infected, praziquantel‐treated, M. oleifera seed oil extract‐treated and combined treatment groups. These treatments were examined for their effects on egg granulomas, hepatic enzymes, total protein, albumin, antioxidant enzymes and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. M. oleifera seed oil and/or PZQ significantly reduced egg numbers, granuloma size and liver histopathology. M. oleifera seed oil reduced hepatic enzyme activity, increased total protein and albumin, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity while decreasing malondialdehyde. M. oleifera seed oil reduced the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. M. oleifera seed oil may treat schistosomiasis instead of PZQ due to its antifibrotic, immunomodulatory and schistosomicidal properties.
Escaping isolation: Harry Truman and the sources of modern presidential authority
Authors: Cash Jordan T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBetween 1947 and 1949, Harry Truman had all the markings of an isolated president. He was unelected, faced a Congress controlled by opposition Republicans, and was opposed by major segments of his own party. Yet unlike other presidents in similar isolated positions, Truman managed to overcome these institutional obstacles and was successfully elected to his own term in office and pulled the Democrats into majorities in both houses of Congress. This article examines the conditions that allowed Truman to escape his political and institutional isolation, arguing not only that Truman gives us a clear view of the strong constitutional basis of presidential power in the modern era, but also that extraconstitutional developments enabled Truman to do what no other isolated president was able to accomplish.
Secrets and transparency: The Office of Strategic Information and the first freedom of information law
Authors: Baron Kevin M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFreedom of information (FOI) rose to saliency in the early Cold War period as the presidency grappled with controlling what government information was made public or available to Congress. A lack of formal structures and authority provided presidents with the opportunity to unilaterally shape new policies and structures. One such structure was the Office of Strategic Information (OSI), created by a National Security Council directive and housed in the Commerce Department. Congress utilized its oversight power by creating the Moss Subcommittee on Government Information to investigate these new policies and structures. Over a 4‐year period in the mid‐1950s, an interbranch power struggle emerged over what authority existed within the executive branch to deny information and testimony to Congress. OSI is one example in a larger context of FOI that left Congress seeking to clarify executive authority within existing statutes and among new structures, leading to the passage of the first freedom of information law in 1958. Original archival research is used to provide insight into the complexities of governing in a separation of powers system. This early case study informs contemporary politics on congressional access to executive information.
Exact solitary wave solutions for a coupled gKdV–Schrödinger system by a new ODE reduction method
Authors: Anco Stephen C. , Hornick James , Zhao Sicheng , Wolf Thomas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA new method is developed for finding exact solitary wave solutions of a generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation with ‐power nonlinearity coupled to a linear Schrödinger equation arising in many different physical applications. This method yields 22 solution families, with . No solutions for were known previously in the literature. For , four of the solution families contain bright/dark Davydov solitons of the 1st and 2nd kind, obtained in recent literature by basic ansatz applied to the ordinary differential equation (ODE) system for traveling waves. All of the new solution families have interesting features, including bright/dark peaks with (up to) symmetric pairs of side peaks in the amplitude and a kink profile for the nonlinear part in the phase. The present method is fully systematic and involves several novel steps that reduce the traveling wave ODE system to a single nonlinear base ODE for which all polynomial solutions are found by symbolic computation. It is applicable more generally to other coupled nonlinear dispersive wave equations as well as to nonlinear ODE systems of generalized Hénon–Heiles form.
High‐frequency whole blood donation and its impact on mortality: Evidence from a data linkage study in Australia
Authors: Rahman Md Morshadur , Karki Surendra , Hayen Andrew 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious reports suggest that blood donors have a lower mortality risk, which may partially reflect the “healthy donor effect” (HDE). HDE arises in donors due to selection bias and confounding if not appropriately addressed.Study Design and MethodsUsing the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study data linked with blood donation history, we used a “5‐year exposure window” method to select donors into regular high‐frequency whole blood (WB)donors (at least two donations per exposure year) and low‐frequency donors (remaining donors) with an active donation career of 5 years. To further reduce the confounding, we used statistical approaches like the inverse probability weighted (IPW) marginal structural model and the doubly robust targeted minimum loss‐based estimator (TMLE), which incorporated machine learning algorithms and time‐varying analyses.ResultsWe selected 4750 (64.7%) low‐frequency and 2588 (35.3%) high‐frequency donors in the analyses. A total of 69 (1.5%) from the low‐frequency and 45 (1.7%) donors from the regular high‐frequency group died during the 7‐year follow‐up period. We did not find any statistically significant association between regular high‐frequency blood donation and mortality (IPW RR = 0.98 95% CI 0.68, 1.28). TMLE model also showed similar results to IPW (RR = 0.97 95% CI 0.80, 1.16). Time‐varying TMLE did not find any significant association between high‐frequency donation and all‐cause mortality either (RR = 0.98 95% 0.74, 1.29).ConclusionsWe did not find a significant association between regular high‐frequency WB donation and all‐cause mortality when appropriate methods were employed to minimize the HDE.
Prognostic Impact of a Histologic Grading Scheme in Dogs Diagnosed With Rib Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Musser Margaret L. , Meritet Danielle , Viall Austin K. , Choi Eunju , Willcox Jennifer L. , Mathews Kyle G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTData regarding the outcome of canine rib chondrosarcoma is sparse and varied. While grade of tumour is associated with outcome for canine appendicular chondrosarcoma, the association of grade with outcome for canine rib chondrosarcoma is unclear. This study aimed to correlate the grade of canine rib chondrosarcoma with median survival time. Retrospectively, cases of primary rib chondrosarcoma were identified, and tumours were graded based on a 3‐tier adapted human grading scheme. Twenty‐two patients were included in the survival analysis. The median survival time was 1427 days (range: 27–3354 days). This was not significantly different for patients with grade I versus II versus III (p = 0.82), grade I–II versus III (p = 0.34), or grade I versus II–III (p = 0.49). No variables assessed including age, weight, tumour location (cranial vs. caudal thorax; left vs. right hemithorax), tumour location on rib (proximal, middle, and distal), radiographic appearance (lytic, proliferative, or mixed), elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity, grade, grade specific histologic features (matrix production, architecture, pleomorphism, cellularity, necrosis, and total score), adjunct therapy post‐surgical excision, development of metastatic disease post‐surgery, or local recurrence post‐surgery were found to impact the risk of death due to chondrosarcoma. In this limited group of patients, the grading scheme reported here, and the other variables assessed did not appear to offer additional prognostic information. However, this data must be interpreted considering the small sample size and thus low statistical power. Additional studies are needed to determine the true impact of grade on outcome for canine rib chondrosarcomas.
Pancreatic torsion in a puppy with an acute abdomen
Authors: Lukasiewicz Andrew D. , Mauro Katie D. , Assenmacher Tara D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the treatment of a unique cause of acute abdomen in a puppy.Case SummaryAn 11‐week, 5‐day‐old female intact Alaskan Malamute was presented to an emergency service for an acute onset of vomiting. On evaluation, the puppy was found to have cranial abdominal pain with an otherwise normal physical examination. An inflammatory leukogram with no other clinically significant findings was found on the initial diagnostics. An abdominal ultrasound showed peritoneal effusion and a lobulated structure in the left cranial abdomen. An emergency exploratory celiotomy was performed, during which evidence of torsion was found in the left limb of the pancreas, which was subsequently excised from the abdomen. The puppy was hospitalized overnight and discharged the next day. Histopathology of the pancreas was consistent with torsion.Unique Information ProvidedPancreatic torsion is a rare but potential cause of acute abdomen in dogs and can be successfully treated with surgical excision.
Bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity in canine bacterial keratitis in Korea
Authors: Park Jiwoo , Kim Donghee , Kwon Myeongjee , Kwon Hyun , Yong Jungyeon , Yoon Haerin , Hwang Jiyi , Jung Ji Seung , Park Kyung‐Mee 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze bacterial isolates associated with canine bacterial keratitis and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Korea, focusing on multidrug resistance (MDR) and identifying effective antibiotic combinations for clinical treatment.Animal studiedA total of 146 dogs diagnosed with suspected bacterial keratitis between October 2022 and October 2023 in Korea, with 157 eye samples collected for analysis.ProcedureEye samples were cultured to isolate bacteria, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Bacterial identification was conducted using Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐of‐Flight (MALDI‐TOF). The study assessed the efficacy of individual antibiotics and combination therapies.ResultsBacteria were isolated in 55.4% of the samples. The most common genera were Staphylococcus species (48.5%, 48/99), Streptococcus species (13.1%, 13/99), Pseudomonas species (9.1%, 9/99), and Escherichia coli (9.1%, 9/99). Amikacin (84.8%) showed the highest antibiotic susceptibility, while doxycycline exhibited the lowest (17.2%). The most effective antibiotic combinations were amikacin‐moxifloxacin (93%). MDR isolates accounted for 52.5% (52/99) of the total bacterial samples.ConclusionsStaphylococcus species were the most common isolates, with 52.5% showing MDR, underscoring the need to curb antibiotic misuse. While antibiotics like amikacin demonstrated high susceptibility rates, their use should be reserved for resistant infections to prevent further resistance development. Rather than focusing solely on finding effective combinations of antibiotics, it is crucial to consider alternative treatment strategies that offer more sustainable solutions. Rather than relying on antibiotic combinations, attention should shift to sustainable alternatives to treat bacterial keratitis and reduce antibiotic dependence in clinical practice.
Improving phosphorus availability in sewage sludge ash through a novel microwave‐based technology
Authors: Massa Mattia , Zanoletti Alessandra , Fiameni Laura , Valentim Bruno , Depero Laura Eleonora , Bontempi Elza 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis work is connected with the increasing demand for fertilizers and the associated supply risks and market volatility in the European Union (EU). It highlights the reliance on phosphorus from Moroccan phosphate rocks and the environmental issues stemming from the overuse of phosphate‐based fertilizers. The paper suggests a shift in perspective, viewing waste as a valuable resource. Specifically, it explores the potential of recycling phosphorus from sewage sludge ash, which contains a high phosphorus concentration. The focus is on comparing two methods of phosphorus extraction from sewage sludge ashes: classical wet‐chemical extraction and a new microwave‐based technology. There is an increase in phosphorus bioavailability with the microwave treatment, making it a promising approach for waste management. An initial economic evaluation suggests that the microwave method is highly competitive, especially when compared with wet‐chemical extraction technologies. The resulting material from the microwave treatment is classified as a straight solid inorganic macronutrient fertilizer according to EU regulations.