bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Functional Antimalarial Immunity to Measures of Parasite Clearance in Therapeutic Efficacy Studies of Artemisinin Derivatives
Authors: O’Flaherty Katherine , Ataíde Ricardo , Zaloumis Sophie G , Ashley Elizabeth A , Powell Rosanna , Feng Gaoqian , Reiling Linda , Dondorp Arjen M , Day Nicholas P , Dhorda Mehul , Fairhurst Rick M , Lim Pharath , Amaratunga Chanaki , Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , Hien Tran Tinh , Htut Ye , Mayxay Mayfong , Faiz M Abul , Beeson James G , Nosten Francois , Simpson Julie A , White Nicholas J , Fowkes Freya J I 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Antibodies to the blood stages of malaria parasites enhance parasite clearance and antimalarial efficacy. The antibody subclass and functions that contribute to parasite clearance during antimalarial treatment and their relationship to malaria transmission intensity have not been characterized.

Methods
Levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses and C1q fixation in response to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens (erythrocyte-binding antigen [EBA] 175RIII-V, merozoite surface protein 2 [MSP-2], and MSP-142) and opsonic phagocytosis of merozoites were measured in a multinational trial assessing the efficacy of artesunate therapy across 11 Southeast Asian sites. Regression analyses assessed the effects of antibody seropositivity on the parasite clearance half-life (PC½), having a PC½ of ≥5 hours, and having parasitemia 3 days after treatment.

Results
IgG3, followed by IgG1, was the predominant IgG subclass detected (seroprevalence range, 5%–35% for IgG1 and 27%–41% for IgG3), varied across study sites, and was lowest in study sites with the lowest transmission intensity and slowest mean PC½. IgG3, C1q fixation, and opsonic-phagocytosis seropositivity were associated with a faster PC½ (range of the mean reduction in PC½, 0.47–1.16 hours; P range, .001–.03) and a reduced odds of having a PC½ of ≥5 hours and having parasitemia 3 days after treatment.

Conclusions
The prevalence of IgG3, complement-fixing antibodies, and merozoite phagocytosis vary according to transmission intensity, are associated with faster parasite clearance, and may be sensitive surrogates of an augmented clearance capacity of infected erythrocytes. Determining the functional immune mechanisms associated with parasite clearance will improve characterization of artemisinin resistance.
CELL BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: METABOLIC RESPONSES TO STRESS: FROM ANIMAL TO CELL: Poor maternal nutrition during gestation: effects on offspring whole-body and tissue-specific metabolism in livestock species1,2
Authors: Govoni Kristen E , Reed Sarah A , Zinn Steven A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition, both restricted-feeding and overfeeding, during gestation can negatively affect offspring growth, body composition, and metabolism. The effects are observed as early as the prenatal period and often persist through postnatal growth and adulthood. There is evidence of multigenerational effects demonstrating the long-term negative impacts on livestock production. We and others have demonstrated that poor maternal nutrition impairs muscle growth, increases adipose tissue, and negatively affects liver function. In addition to altered growth, changes in key metabolic factors, increased glucose concentrations, insulin insensitivity, and hyperleptinemia are observed during the postnatal period. Furthermore, there is recent evidence of altered metabolism in specific tissues (e.g., muscle, adipose, and liver) and stem cells. The systemic and local changes in metabolism demonstrate the importance of determining the mechanism(s) by which maternal diet programs offspring growth and metabolism in an effort to develop novel management practices to improve the efficiency of growth and health in these offspring.
Relative Prices and Sectoral Productivity
Authors: Duarte Margarida , Restuccia Diego 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe relative price of services rises with development. A standard interpretation of this fact is that productivity differences across countries are larger in manufacturing than in services. The service sector comprises heterogeneous categories and we document that many disaggregated service categories feature a negative income elasticity of relative prices. We divide service industries into two broad categories based on the income gradient of its relative price: traditional services with positive income elasticities and nontraditional services with negative income elasticities of relative prices. Using an otherwise standard multisector development accounting framework extended to include an input–output structure, we find that the cross-country income elasticity of sectoral productivity is large in nontraditional services (1.15), smaller in manufacturing (1.05), and much smaller in traditional services (0.67). Eliminating cross-country productivity differences in nontraditional services reduces aggregate income disparity by 58%, a 7.9-fold reduction in aggregate productivity differences. Heterogeneity between traditional and nontraditional services also has a substantial impact on aggregate productivity.
Adaptive Alignment of Plasticity With Genetic Variation and Selection
Authors: Berdal Monica Anderson , Dochtermann Ned A 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTheoretical research has outlined how selection may shape both genetic variation and the expression of phenotypic plasticity in multivariate trait space. Specifically, research regarding the evolution of patterns of additive genetic variances and covariances (summarized in matrix form as G) and complementary research into how selection may shape adaptive plasticity lead to the general prediction that G, plasticity, and selection surfaces are all expected to align with each other. However, less well discussed is how this prediction might be assessed and how the modeled theoretical processes are expected to manifest in actual populations. Here, we discuss the theoretical foundations of the overarching prediction of alignment, what alignment mathematically means, how researchers might test for alignment and important caveats to this testing. The most important caveat concerns the fact that, for plasticity, the prediction of alignment only applies to cases where plasticity is adaptive, whereas organisms express considerable plasticity that may be neutral or even maladaptive. We detail the ramifications of these alternative expressions of plasticity vis-à-vis predictions of alignment. Finally, we briefly highlight some important interpretations of deviations from the prediction of alignment and what alignment might mean for populations experiencing environmental and selective changes.
The Heritability of Behavior: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Dochtermann Ned A , Schwab Tori , Anderson Berdal Monica , Dalos Jeremy , Royauté Raphaël 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe contribution of genetic variation to phenotypes is a central factor in whether and how populations respond to selection. The most common approach to estimating these influences is via the calculation of heritabilities, which summarize the contribution of genetic variation to phenotypic variation. Heritabilities also indicate the relative effect of genetic variation on phenotypes versus that of environmental sources of variation. For labile traits like behavioral responses, life history traits, and physiological responses, estimation of heritabilities is important as these traits are strongly influenced by the environment. Thus, knowing whether or not genetic variation is present within populations is necessary to understand whether or not these populations can evolve in response to selection. Here we report the results of a meta-analysis summarizing what we currently know about the heritability of behavior. Using phylogenetically controlled methods we assessed the average heritability of behavior (0.235)—which is similar to that reported in previous analyses of physiological and life history traits—and examined differences among taxa, behavioral classifications, and other biologically relevant factors. We found that there was considerable variation among behaviors as to how heritable they were, with migratory behaviors being the most heritable. Interestingly, we found no effect of phylogeny on estimates of heritability. These results suggest, first, that behavior may not be particularly unique in the degree to which it is influenced by factors other than genetics and, second, that those factors influencing whether a behavioral trait will have low or high heritability require further consideration.
Professional judgment and legitimacy work in an organizationally embedded profession
Authors: Suddaby Roy , Bévort Frans , Strandgaard Pedersen Jesper 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProfessions have been traditionally understood as an alternative way of organizing work that stands in opposition to the corporate or bureaucratic organizational form. Increasingly, however, corporations are seen to be the source of new forms of expert knowledge and occupational categories. Yet we have little understanding of how expert judgement forms and is legitimated inside a large organization. In this study, we examine the emergence of standards of professional judgement in a government organization. Using archival and interview data between 2000 and 2012 we examine how experts in the Danish Film Institute generated professional standards of decision making against the backdrop of intense bureaucratic control. Our analysis demonstrates that norms of professional judgement emerge in a process that is inextricably linked to the emergence of professional role identities. Our core theoretical contribution is the discovery that the legitimacy work of managerial professions operates in two spheres; by first grounding claims of professional legitimacy in broad societal norms, and second, by grounding claims of professional identity in localized but increasingly abstract expressions of professional expertise.
The response of human mesenchymal stem cells to internal exposure to tritium β-rays
Authors: Quan Yi , Lin Jinxian , Deng Bing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is no doubt that estimating the exposure risk of external and internal low-dose radiation is an imperative issue in radiobiological study. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent and self-renewing, supporting the regeneration of damaged tissue, including tissue damaged by radiation. However, the responses of hMSCs to internal exposure to radionuclides are still insufficiently understood. In order to evaluate the adverse effects produced by internal exposure to tritiated water (HTO) at a low dose, hMSCs were exposed to 2 × 107 Bq/ml HTO, and the biological effects after the exposure were examined. Apoptosis and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were assayed to analyze the cellular response to the damage induced by HTO. Slight enhancement of apoptosis was found after treatment, except at the dose of 9 mGy. The number of DSBs at 24 h post-irradiation showed that the DNA damage was able to be efficiently repaired by the hMSCs. Moreover, the increasing proportion of the cell population in S phase proved that the persistence of residual γH2AX foci at lower concentrations of HTO was attributable to the secondary production of DSBs in DNA replication. Our work adds to the available data, helping us understand the risk of stem cell transformation due to internal exposure and its correlation with low-dose radiation–induced carcinogenesis.
Sequential star formation in the filamentary structures of the Planck Galactic cold clump G181.84+0.31
Authors: Yuan Lixia , Zhu Ming , Liu Tie , Yuan Jinghua , Wu Yuefang , Kim Kee-Tae , Wang Ke , Zhou Chenlin , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Kuno Nario 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present a multiwavelength study of the Planck Galactic cold clump G181.84+0.31, which is located at the northern end of the extended filamentary structure S242. We have extracted nine compact dense cores from the SCUBA-2 850-$\hbox{$\mu $m}$ map, and we have identified 18 young stellar objects (YSOs; four Class I and 14 Class II) based on their Spitzer, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer(WISE) and Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) near- and mid-infrared colours. The dense cores and YSOs are mainly distributed along the filamentary structures of G181.84 and are well traced by HCO+(1–0) and N2H+(1–0) spectral-line emission. We find signatures of sequential star formation activities in G181.84: dense cores and YSOs located in the northern and southern substructures are younger than those in the central region. We also detect global velocity gradients of about 0.8 ± 0.05 and 1.0 ± 0.05 km s−1 pc−1 along the northern and southern substructures, respectively, and local velocity gradients of 1.2 ± 0.1 km s−1 pc−1 in the central substructure. These results might be due to the fact that the global collapse of the extended filamentary structure S242 is driven by an edge effect, for which the filament edges collapse first and then further trigger star formation activities inward. We identify three substructures in G181.84 and estimate their critical masses per unit length, which are ∼101 ± 15, 56 ± 8 and 28 ± 4 M⊙ pc−1, respectively. These values are all lower than the observed values (∼200 M⊙ pc−1), suggesting that these substructures are gravitationally unstable.
RETRACTED: A 5′ fragment of Xist can sequester RNA produced from adjacent genes on chromatin
Authors: Lee David M , Trotman Jackson B , Cherney Rachel E , Inoue Kaoru , Schertzer Megan D , Bischoff Steven R , Cowley Dale O , Calabrese J Mauro 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Xist requires Repeat-A, a protein-binding module in its first two kilobases (2kb), to repress transcription. We report that when expressed as a standalone transcript in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the first 2kb of Xist (Xist-2kb) does not induce transcriptional silencing. Instead, Xist-2kb sequesters RNA produced from adjacent genes on chromatin. Sequestration does not spread beyond adjacent genes, requires the same sequence elements in Repeat-A that full-length Xist requires to repress transcription and can be induced by lncRNAs with similar sequence composition to Xist-2kb. We did not detect sequestration by full-length Xist, but we did detect it by mutant forms of Xist with attenuated transcriptional silencing capability. Xist-2kb associated with SPEN, a Repeat-A binding protein required for Xist-induced transcriptional silencing, but SPEN was not necessary for sequestration. Thus, when expressed in mouse ESCs, a 5′ fragment of Xist that contains Repeat-A sequesters RNA from adjacent genes on chromatin and associates with the silencing factor SPEN, but it does not induce transcriptional silencing. Instead, Xist-induced transcriptional silencing requires synergy between Repeat-A and additional sequence elements in Xist. We propose that sequestration is mechanistically related to the Repeat-A dependent stabilization and tethering of Xist near actively transcribed regions of chromatin.
Conformational communication mediates the reset step in t6A biosynthesis
Authors: Luthra Amit , Paranagama Naduni , Swinehart William , Bayooz Susan , Phan Phuc , Quach Vanessa , Schiffer Jamie M , Stec Boguslaw , Iwata-Reuyl Dirk , Swairjo Manal A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The universally conserved N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) modification of tRNA is essential for translational fidelity. In bacteria, t6A biosynthesis starts with the TsaC/TsaC2-catalyzed synthesis of the intermediate threonylcarbamoyl adenylate (TC–AMP), followed by transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl (TC) moiety to adenine-37 of tRNA by the TC-transfer complex comprised of TsaB, TsaD and TsaE subunits and possessing an ATPase activity required for multi-turnover of the t6A cycle. We report a 2.5-Å crystal structure of the T. maritima TC-transfer complex (TmTsaB2D2E2) bound to Mg2+-ATP in the ATPase site, and substrate analog carboxy-AMP in the TC-transfer site. Site directed mutagenesis results show that residues in the conserved Switch I and Switch II motifs of TsaE mediate the ATP hydrolysis-driven reactivation/reset step of the t6A cycle. Further, SAXS analysis of the TmTsaB2D2-tRNA complex in solution reveals bound tRNA lodged in the TsaE binding cavity, confirming our previous biochemical data. Based on the crystal structure and molecular docking of TC–AMP and adenine-37 in the TC-transfer site, we propose a model for the mechanism of TC transfer by this universal biosynthetic system.
Effective mismatch repair depends on timely control of PCNA retention on DNA by the Elg1 complex
Authors: Paul Solomon Devakumar Lovely Jael , Gaubitz Christl , Lundblad Victoria , Kelch Brian A , Kubota Takashi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a sliding clamp that acts as a central co-ordinator for mismatch repair (MMR) as well as DNA replication. Loss of Elg1, the major subunit of the PCNA unloader complex, causes over-accumulation of PCNA on DNA and also increases mutation rate, but it has been unclear if the two effects are linked. Here we show that timely removal of PCNA from DNA by the Elg1 complex is important to prevent mutations. Although premature unloading of PCNA generally increases mutation rate, the mutator phenotype of elg1Δ is attenuated by PCNA mutants PCNA-R14E and PCNA-D150E that spontaneously fall off DNA. In contrast, the elg1Δ mutator phenotype is exacerbated by PCNA mutants that accumulate on DNA due to enhanced electrostatic PCNA–DNA interactions. Epistasis analysis suggests that PCNA over-accumulation on DNA interferes with both MMR and MMR-independent process(es). In elg1Δ, over-retained PCNA hyper-recruits the Msh2–Msh6 mismatch recognition complex through its PCNA-interacting peptide motif, causing accumulation of MMR intermediates. Our results suggest that PCNA retention controlled by the Elg1 complex is critical for efficient MMR: PCNA needs to be on DNA long enough to enable MMR, but if it is retained too long it interferes with downstream repair steps.
Effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on distinct types of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Javelle Florian , Lampit Amit , Bloch Wilhelm , Häussermann Peter , Johnson Sheri L , Zimmer Philipp 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Context
Serotonergic dysfunction, including reduced central serotonin levels, is associated with different psychiatric syndromes, including depression. As a serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan has long been used as a nonpharmacological treatment for depression.

Objective
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the antidepressant effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan in depressed patients.

Data sources
MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Google Scholar were searched from inception to May 2018.

Data extraction
Thirteen investigations were included in the systematic review (using PRISMA guidelines), and 7 in the full meta-analysis (pre-registered on PROSPERO: CRD42018104415).

Data analysis
Analyses revealed a depression remission rate of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–0.78; remission rate [k] = 13), and this was confirmed by the questionnaire results, which revealed a large Hedges’ g (1.11; 95%CI, 0.53–1.69). Methodological variability (in treatment duration, type of depression studied, experimental design, 5-hydroxytryptophan dosage) contributes to heterogeneity in the results (I2 = 76%, τ2 = 0.379). In addition, the OHAT (Office of Health Assessment and Translation risk of bias rating) tool suggested that, on the whole, current studies are relatively weak (few include placebo groups).

Conclusion
Further trials should overcome these limitations by using placebo-controlled studies that include patients with well-defined depression diagnoses, along with strong characterization of psychological and physiological patient characteristics.
Nut consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Becerra-Tomás Nerea , Paz-Graniel Indira , W.C. Kendall Cyril , Kahleova Hana , Rahelić Dario , Sievenpiper John L , Salas-Salvadó Jordi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractContextPrevious meta-analyses evaluating the association between nut consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) had substantial methodological limitations and lacked recently published large prospective studies; hence, making an updated meta-analysis highly desirable.ObjectiveTo update the clinical guidelines for nutrition therapy in relation to the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies was conducted using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to summarize the evidence of the association between total nuts, specific types of nuts, and the incidence of, and mortality from, CVD outcomes.Data sourcesRelevant articles were identified by searching the PubMed and Cochrane databases.Data extractionTwo independent researchers screened the articles to identify those that met the inclusion criteria.Data analysisThe inverse variance method with fixed-effect or random-effects models was used to pool data across studies (expressed as risk ratio [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Heterogeneity was tested and quantified using the Cochrane Q test and I2-statistic, respectively. The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of the evidence.ResultsNineteen studies were included in the analyses. The results revealed an inverse association between total nut consumption (comparing highest vs lowest categories) and CVD incidence (RR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.800.91; I2, 0%), CVD mortality (RR, 0.77; 95%CI, 0.72–0.82; I2, 3%), coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence (RR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.69–0.96; I2, 74%), CHD mortality (RR, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.67–0.86; I2, 46%), stroke mortality (RR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.75–0.93; I2, 0%), and atrial fibrillation (RR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.73–0.99; I2, 0%). No association was observed with stroke incidence and heart failure. The certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a beneficial role of nut consumption in reducing the incidence of, and mortality from, different CVD outcomes.
Diversity and Group Creativity
Authors: Paulus Paul B. , van der Zee Karen I. , Kenworthy Jared B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
It is often presumed that diversity of group members will enhance group creativity. However, the evidence for this has been mixed. This chapter summarizes the state of the science in this area and provides an integrative framework based on the categorization elaboration model of van Knippenberg and colleagues. It focuses on the factors that influence the expression of diverse perspectives, attention to such expressions, the elaboration of the shared ideas, and how these lead to creative outcomes. It evaluates the importance of identity factors in this process and discusses the potential impact on both divergent and convergent creativity. It notes some of the gaps in the literature and suggests future directions.
Affective Influences on Creativity in Teams
Authors: To March L. , Fisher Cynthia D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Both affect and creativity have been recognized as constructs operating at multiple levels. This chapter addresses the complicated relationship of affect to creativity at three levels: within-person over time, in dyads, and in groups. First, it provides an integrative review of affect-creativity relationships at each level, concluding that the different thinking styles triggered by positive and negative affect may both be helpful for creativity. It suggests that effects may depend on stage in the creative process as well as diversity in affect within a dyad or group. Second, it draws on regulatory focus theory to provide a more task-specific typology of affect and explore likely effects on creativity. Specifically, it develops propositions to explain why and how promotion-focused affect (e.g., excitement) and prevention-focused affect (e.g., worry) may come together to foster creativity in different stages of the creative process at the within-person, dyad, and group levels. It concludes with questions for future research at each level.