bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium and Potassium Concentration and Transmembrane Fluxes in Leukocytes
Authors: Cividalli Gabriel , Nathan David G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reported values for the potassium to sodium ratio in white blood cells range from less than 1 to about 4. This marked variability might be explained by in vitro cation shifts induced by extraordinarily high cation permeability. To test this hypothesis, human leukocytes from 5 ml of blood were maintained in plasma at 37°C and separated by differential centrifugation in specially devised microtubes, within less than 30 min after sampling. Intracellular water content was determined with tritiated water, and trapped plasma with 14C-sucrose. Under these conditions the intracellular concentration of potassium in human leukocytes was 120 SD ± 7 meq/liter cell water and of sodium 16 SD ± 5 meq/liter cell water, and the resultant ratio was higher than 7. Values in the same range were obtained in rabbit leukocytes and in polymorphonuclear granulocytes isolated from peritoneal exudate in guinea pigs. To determine the cation permeability of these white cells, unidirectional fluxes of potassium and sodium were measured with 42K and 22Na. All of these fluxes were in a range from 1.2 to 2.7 meq/liter/min, values more than 50 times faster than those observed in erythrocytes. When active fluxes were inhibited by ouabain, potassium loss and sodium gain occurred at an initial rate of about 0.7 meq/liter/ min. Marked changes also occurred upon incubation at low temperature. These very rapid fluxes demand rigid control of environmental conditions for accurate measurement of intracellular cations in leukocytes.
Interaction Between Rabbit Erythroblast Ferritin and Normal Plasma Proteins
Authors: Yamada Hideo , Gabuzda Thomas G. , Berenfeld Marion 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Erythroblast ferritin (EF), isolated from phenylhydrazine-anemic rabbit marrow, interacts with components of normal plasma and forms a complex separable by starch granule electrophoresis and by dialysis techniques. The binding is facilitated at low ionic strength. The plasma factors responsible for binding EF are present in autologous, as well as homologous, plasma of normal nonimmune rabbits, although binding activities are quite variable in different plasmas. The binding activity for rabbit EF is also present in heterologous plasma of mouse, guinea pig, and man. The active principles in plasma were identified as two heat-stable components which fractionate as immunoglobulins, one as IgG and the other as IgM. The results support the hypothesis that natural antiferritin antibodies of low titer are present in normal plasma.
Analysis of Interacting Cell Populations in Cultures of Marrow From Patients With Neutropenia
Authors: Senn J. S. , Messner H. A. , Stanley E. R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Utilizing an adherence separation procedure, marrow cells from six neutropenic patients were studied in cell culture for colony-forming ability (CFU-C), and for colony-stimulating function of the adherent cell (A-C) population. Assays on two patients showed reduced CFU-C and A-C function, while assays on three patients yielded normal CFU-C and A-C function; studies on the remaining patient exhibited reduced CFU-C in the presence of normal A-C function. The demonstration of these various abnormalities in marrow cell culture from neutropenic patients suggests that the in vitro techniques have relevance to the study of granulopoiesis in vivo.
Blood Viscosity in Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Mannik Mart 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Erythrocytes and plasma proteins contribute to viscosity of blood. Therefore, blood viscosity was measured in 16 persons with macroglobulinemia with a cone-plate viscometer at defined shear rates. In each person a significant correlation (p < 0.001) was found between hematocrit and the logarithm of blood viscosity. The regression equation of this relationship in each patient was used to calculate the blood viscosity at several hematocrits. The blood viscosity at a given shear rate and constant hematocrit was significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with the plasma macroglobulin concentration in g/100 ml. The plasma of patients with macroglobulinemia is a non-Newtonian fluid, but at a given shear rate the plasma viscosity is a function of the macroglobulin concentration. These observations allowed the construction of an equation for calculation of blood viscosity in patients with macroglobulinemia when the hematocrit and plasma macroglobulin concentrations are known.
Transient Monoclonal Gammopathy Associated With Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Vodopick Helen , Chaskes Stuart J. , Solomon Alan , Stewart John A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A transient monoclonal gammopathy, IgA-lambda light chain, associated with a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurred in a patient with acute leukemia in remission. Evidence of CMV infection was confirmed by indirect hemagglutination titers, initially being 1:4096 and gradually falling to 1:64. During the infection, serum and salivary IgA levels rose to 2450 mg/100 ml and 72 mg/100 ml, respectively. Bence Jones proteinuria, lambda type, (0.1 g/24 hr) occurred during the period of excessive immunoglobulin synthesis. Antibody activity against CMV was detected in serum IgA and IgG. Also unusual were the histologic changes indistinguishable from malignant lymphoma seen in a cervical lymph node. After withholding for 1 wk the immunosuppressive drug (methotrexate) she had been receiving, symptoms and signs of the CMV infection and of the monoclonal gammopathy disappeared without recurrence after maintenance methotrexate was resumed.
Evidence for a Physiologic Role of Erythropoietin in Fetal Erythropoiesis
Authors: Zanjani Esmail D. , Mann Leon I. , Burlington Harold , Gordon Albert S. , Wasserman Louis R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Administration of antibody prepared in rabbits against human urinary Ep to fetal sheep during the last third of the gestation period resulted in a suppression of erythropoiesis in the fetus. This was evidenced by a sharp decrease in the numbers of circulating reticulocytes and a reduced rate of 59Fe incorporation into RBC, spleen, and bone marrow, effects ascribable to a neutralization of endogenous Ep. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the numbers of nucleated erythroid cells in the bone marrows of these fetuses. These results point to a physiologic role for Ep in fetal erythropoiesis.
Mechanism of Erythropoietin Production by Cobaltous Chloride
Authors: Miller Marilyn E. , Howard Donald , Stohlman Frederick , Flanagan Patricia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Normal and nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with CoCl2 at three dose levels, 10, 20, and 25 µm/ 100 g body weight. The effects of this drug on acid-base balance were related to the production of erythropoietin. Within 6 hr after the administration of CoCl2 to normal rats, a dose-related respiratory alkalosis occurred associated with an increase in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. This was followed by an increase in the production of erythropoietin. Nephrectomy altered the acid-base balance of the animal such that a profound acidosis occurred after the administration of CoCl2 with an associated decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. Erythropoietin could not be detected in these nephrectomized rats given CoCl2. These findings demonstrate that the production of erythropoietin after the administration of CoCl2 is related in significant measure to changes in acid-base balance with its subsequent effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
Platelet Retention in Glass Bead Columns: Further Evidence for the Importance of ADP
Authors: McPherson V. J. , Zucker M. B. , Friedberg N. M. , Rifkin P. L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Plasma of normal heparinized blood contained 0.284 µM ± SD 0.097 (ADP + ATP) with an ATP:ADP ratio of 2.5:1. Plasma from thrombocytopenic blood contained only 0.106 µM ± 0.073 (ADP + ATP). Blood with normal platelet retention released 0.234 µM ± 0.187 (ADP + ATP) during passage through a glass bead column, with an ATP:ADP ratio of 1.6:1. Significantly less was released in blood with low retention, i.e., samples from patients with von Willebrand’s disease, thrombasthenia, or thrombocytopenia, and some samples from normal individuals. Thus, nucleotides in the plasma of pre- and postcolumn blood appear to be derived from platelets; their release within glass bead columns is closely associated with normal platelet retention. Since release occurred at room temperature and was not prevented by acetylsalicylic acid or accompanied by measurable release of 14C-serotonin, the classic release reaction may not have been responsible. The low retention in platelet-rich plasma was variably increased by adding 0.5 µM ADP, an increase at least partly due to trapping of preformed aggregates. Retention in undisturbed blood was markedly inhibited by creatine phosphokinase with creatine phosphate (CPK-CP) and moderately inhibited by apyrase I (ATPase:ADPase 0.8:1) at an ADP-removing activity between 1 and 5 U/ml, indicating that ADP is essential for retention. At less than 1 U/ml, both apyrase I and II (ATPase: ADPase 2.8:1) enhanced retention in undisturbed blood, but CPK-CP was still inhibitory. These results suggest that enhancement is due to conversion of released ATP to ADP, as shown to occur in studies of platelet aggregation with ATP and ADP. At less than 1 U/ml, all three enzymes protected against the inhibitory effect of disturbance; this protection was marked with apyrase II, moderate with apyrase I and slight with CPK-CP. These observations provide additional evidence that ADP is responsible for the low retention caused by disturbance of the blood.
Uptake and Subcellular Distribution of Vitamin B12 in Mouse L1210 Leukemic Lymphoblasts
Authors: Ryel Elaine M. , Meyer Leo M. , Gams Richard A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Protein-mediated B12 uptake by L1210 lymphoblasts was shown to be calcium dependent and enhanced by TCII but not by TCI in vitro. Subcellular fractionation resulted in the majority of B12 localized in the soluble phase with significant amounts in the mitochondria. All vitamin B12 found in the soluble phase was bound to a protein similar in molecular weight to TCII. This protein was capable of delivering B12 to fresh L1210 cells.
Human Leukocyte Reactivity to Penicilloylated Erythrocytes
Authors: Griswold D. E. , Calabresi P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The incubation of penicilloylated mouse erythrocytes with normal human peripheral leukocytes gives rise to plaque formation in an agar medium. While the phenomenon appeared superficially to be like Jerne hemolysin plaque formation, several distinct differences were noted. First, the reaction was not dependent upon the addition of exogenous complement. In addition, plating of enriched lymphocyte populations did not favor plaque formation. In contrast, enrichment of granulocytes favored plaque formation. Furthermore, the addition of protein (bovine serum albumin or human serum) enhanced the plaque formation. Finally, the plaques appeared in normal individuals presumably not sensitized to either mouse or penicillin antigens. On the other hand, certain similarities existed. There was an obligatory incubation time at physiologic temperatures, both systems depended upon the presence of viable cells, and both systems seemed to have an immunologically specific component. Because of the correlation of plaque formation with in vitro erythrophagocytosis, it is postulated that this reaction represented a phagocytosis of penicilloylated mouse erythrocytes directed in some manner by an opsonin.
Increased Efficiency of Leukocyte Collection by the Addition of Hydroxyethyl Starch to the Continuous Flow Centrifuge
Authors: Mishler John Milton , Hadlock Daniel C. , Fortuny Ignacio E. , Nicora Robert W. , McCullough Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A total of 67 leukaphereses were performed with the continuous-flow centrifuge (CFC) on 27 healthy donors for the purpose of obtaining increased yields of granulocytes for infusion into septic patients with acute leukemia accompanied by severe granulocytopenia. The addition of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) to the input line of the CFC significantly (p < 0.005) increased the total number of leukocytes and/or granulocytes collected per donation. A mean yield of 9.72 x 109 and 4.65 x 109 total granulocytes were collected by the HES-treated and control-group donors, respectively. The efficiency of cell collection as evidenced by the total number of leukocytes and/or granulocytes harvested per liter of processed blood was also significantly (p < 0.005) improved by the addition of HES to the continuous-flow centrifuge. Significant alterations in hematologic parameters were not experienced by HES-treated donors undergoing initial and multiple procedures. Pre- and postdonation leukocyte and platelet counts, hemoglobin, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and leukocyte differential counts were no different whether or not HES was employed for granulocyte collection. The results of the present study demonstrate that increased yields of granulocytes can be harvested by the addition of HES to the continuous-flow centrifuge and made available for supportive therapy to patients experiencing granulocytopenia induced by malignant disease or its treatment.
The Discocyte-Echinocyte Transformation: Comparison of Normal and ATP-enriched Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Féo Claude J. , Leblond Pierre F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This work studies the relationship existing between intracellular ATP levels and the discocyte-echinocyte shape equilibrium in normal as well as ATP-enriched human red blood cells. Fresh erythrocytes metabolically depleted by incubation in a glucosefree buffer undergo echinocytic transformation (crenation) as intracellular ATP levels decline below 50% of their original value. When ATP is regenerated by further incubation of the same cells in the presence of glucose, inosine, and adenine (GIA), concentrations required for the complete recovery of the discocytic shape are lower than those which were necessary to maintain this shape in the first place. Addition of inorganic phosphate (Pi) to the GIA medium results in elevation of fresh cell ATP to supranormal levels. When such ATP-enriched cells are then depleted in the presence of the same concentration of inorganic phosphate, echinocytic transformation occurs much more rapidly than in normal fresh cells not previously incubated with Pi despite a similar rate of ATP depletion in both cases. It is suggested that the intrinsic mechanism responsible for shifting the discocyte-echinocyte equilibrium in the human erythrocyte is dependent on one or more intracellular or intramembrane factors occurring in conjunction with ATP depletion or repletion rather than to the absolute concentration of this nucleotide within the cell. This additional factor(s) appears to be temperature dependent and is influenced by the concentration of Pi in the medium.
Effects of Erythropoietin and Androgens on Erythroid Stem Cells After Their Selective Suppression by BCNU
Authors: Reissmann K. R. , Udupa K. B. , Kawada K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A single injection of BCNU (LD-10 range) caused in mice a prolonged suppression of erythropoiesis, whereas granulopoiesis recovered within a few days. The suppression of erythropoiesis was due to a delayed restoration of erythropoietin-responsive cells (ERC), although the CFU were only moderately suppressed and ranged from 30% to 60% of normal. Daily erythropoietin injections promptly restored normal ERC populations without affecting CFU. Injections of androgens after BCNU had no effect on ERC restoration, but they markedly enhanced CFU regeneration and caused neutrophil counts up to ten times normal.
Specificity of Interacting Populations Affecting Granulopoiesis in Culture
Authors: Messner H. A. , Till J. E. , McCulloch E. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human marrow contains two interacting populations that affect granulopoiesis in culture. The first population consists of committed granulopoietic progenitors, while the second contains cells that produce factors whose activity is essential for granulopoiesis in culture. The two populations can be separated by an adherence procedure and assayed independently. Both populations proved to be heterogeneous: the granulopoietic progenitor pool contains a subpopulation which fails to respond to semipurified colony-stimulating activity derived from peripheral leukocytes but responds to the unpurified material. The population of "factor-producing" cells contains two subpopulations that can be separated on the basis of size by velocity sedimentation. Both produce factors that stimulate granulopoietic colony formation. However, the more slowly sedimenting subpopulation is capable of interacting with granulopoietic progenitors in suspension culture yielding an increase in their number, while cells from the more rapidly sedimenting population failed to support such an increase. The results are interpreted as indicating specificity in the interaction between granulopoietic progenitors and factor-producing cells.
Regeneration of Reduced Glutathione in Erythrocytes: Stoichiometric and Temporal Relationship to Hexose Monophosphate Shunt Activity
Authors: Metz Earl N. , Balcerzak Stanley P. , Sagone Arthur L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The stoichiometric and temporal relationships between glutathione reduction and hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity in normal red blood cells were investigated using azoester to oxidize reduced glutathione (GSH) and an ionization chamber-electrometer apparatus to measure continuously the 14CO2 derived from 14C-glucose. Under air, azoester produced rapid oxidation of GSH followed by rapid regeneration. The HMPS response was delayed and occurred after the period of maximal GSH regeneration. Due to the generation of hydrogen peroxide by azoester, cumulative shunt activity was far in excess of that theoretically required to regenerate GSH oxidized directly by azoester. Under carbon monoxide, no hydrogen peroxide was generated by azoester, and a stoichiometric relationship existed between GSH regeneration and HMPS activity. Again, however, the response of the HMPS was temporally dissociated from GSH regeneration. These findings demonstrate that under carefully controlled conditions there is a stoichiometric relationship between the regeneration of GSH and CO2 production by the HMPS but that this stoichiometry is not the result of a "direct linkage" of the two reactions.
Surface Remodeling vs. Whole-Cell Hemolysis of Reticulocytes Produced With Erythroid Stimulation or Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Come Steven E. , Shohet Stephen B. , Robinson Stephen H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
32P in membrane phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and red cell 14C, reflecting cytoplasmic hemoglobin, were measured sequentially in rats given transfusions of doubly-labeled reticulocytes. With reticulocytes from normal rats there was a small decline in the levels of both the membrane and the cytoplasmic labels; the changes were almost parellel, although loss of membrane PE-32P exceeded that of 14C to a small extent. By contrast, with "stress reticulocytes" from bled donors, there was a markedly disproportionate loss of the membrane label; this asymmetrical loss of membrane material was diminished when recipients had been splenectomized. With transfusions of doubly-labeled reticulocytes from rats with severe iron deficiency anemia, there was a marked loss of both membrane PE-32P and red cell 14C which was only moderately asymmetrical. The asymmetrical loss of the membrane label found with stress reticulocytes supports the conclusion that these cells undergo a process of surface remodeling during their maturation in the peripheral blood. The spleen is partly responsible for this process. Normal reticulocytes also appear to undergo a minor degree of remodeling. On the other hand, the almost symmetrical loss of membrane and cytoplasmic label observed with reticulocytes from iron deficient rats indicates that many of the cells in this model of ineffective erythropoiesis are hemolyzed in their entirety. These experiments demonstrate that stress reticulocytes differ under different conditions and may lose cellular material by two, possibly interrelated, mechanisms: surface remodeling or whole-cell hemolysis.
Leukemia in Shoe-Workers Exposed Chronically to Benzene
Authors: Aksoy Muzaffer , Erdem Şakir , DinÇol Günçağ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
From 1967 to September 1973, 26 patients with acute leukemia or preleukemia were seen in Istanbul among 28,500 shoeworkers exposed chronically to benzene. The incidence of leukemia among these workers was 13/100,000, which is a marked and statistically significant increase over that for leukemia in the general population and provides cogent evidence for the clinical impression of a leukemogenic effect of benzene in man.
Inhibiting Effects of Human Plasma and Serum on Neutrophil Random Migration and Chemotaxis
Authors: Keller H. U. , Hess M. W. , Cottier H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Various authors have associated increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in certain patients to inhibitors of neutrophil chemotaxis demonstrable in serum or diluted plasma of these patients. The present experiments showed, however, that serum and diluted plasma but not undiluted plasma from normal human donors consistently inhibited chemotactic migration of autologous human neutrophil granulocytes. Therefore, the presence of such inhibitors in the circulating blood can only be assessed by the evaluation of undiluted plasma. The findings suggest that the experimental conditions which have been used in the past to demonstrate such inhibitors in the circulating blood of patients with increased susceptibility to infections are inadequate, and results need reexamination. The inhibitors affect random locomotion and chemotaxis of neutrophil granulocytes but not phagocytosis or the metabolic burst resulting in nitroblue—tetrazolium reduction. On the other hand, phagocytosis of Staphylococcus albus rendered neutrophils chemotactically unresponsive. The significance of so-called cellular defects of neutrophil chemotaxis in such patients is also considered.
PHA Responsiveness and Subpopulations of Circulating Lymphocytes in Pernicious Anemia
Authors: MacCuish A. C. , Urbaniak S. J. , Goldstone A. H. , Irvine W. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lymphocyte transformation responses to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were measured in 20 patients with proven pernicious anemia (PA) and 20 matched controls using 3H-thymidine label. The patients with PA showed significant depression of lymphocyte transformation to the three doses of PHA employed, as judged by beta counting; however, radioautographic examination of PHA-stimulated cells indicated that the results were due to a failure of intranuclear incorporation of 3H-thymidine by PA lymphocytes, rather than a failure of PHA to induce blastogenesis. The percentages and numbers of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood were measured in 30 patients and controls by rosette and immunofluorescence techniques, respectively. There was no significant difference in the B cell subpopulations between patients and controls; the T cell subpopulation was slightly lower in the PA patients (mean 62.4%) than in the controls (mean 65.5%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The depressed uptake of 3H-thymidine by stimulated lymphocytes in PA would seem to reflect a chemical defect rather than inherent immunologic abnormality.