bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Servant leadership and job satisfaction within private healthcare practices
Authors: Farrington Shelley Maeva , Lillah Riyaadh 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of servant leadership on job satisfaction within private healthcare practices.

Design/methodology/approach
Criterion sampling has been used to draw a sample of private healthcare practitioners and their employees. The data collected from 241 useable questionnaires have been statistically analysed. Factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients have been used to assess the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument, and multiple regression analyses have been performed to test the influence of the dimensions of servant leadership on job satisfaction.

Findings
The findings show that private healthcare practitioners display the dimensions of servant leadership investigated in this study. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship between developing others and job satisfaction for both sample groups, but only between caring for others and job satisfaction for the employee sample group, was reported. Acts of humility and servanthood by practitioners were not found to influence job satisfaction.

Practical implications
Educators can use the findings of this study to identify gaps in the leadership training of healthcare practitioners, and healthcare regulators can use the recommendations provided to implement appropriate interventions to ensure that healthcare practitioners fulfil their mandate of practising in an appropriate manner.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the limited understanding of servant leadership among private healthcare practitioners and it provides recommendations on how private healthcare practitioners can improve their servant leadership behaviour.
Age‐related variation in non‐breeding foraging behaviour and carry‐over effects on fitness in an extremely long‐lived bird
Authors: Clay Thomas A. , Pearmain Elizabeth J. , McGill Rona A. R. , Manica Andrea , Phillips Richard A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Senescence has been widely documented in wild vertebrate populations, yet the proximate drivers of age‐related declines in breeding success, including allocation trade‐offs and links with foraging performance, are poorly understood. For long‐lived, migratory species, the non‐breeding period represents a critical time for investment in self‐maintenance and restoration of body condition, which in many species is linked to fitness. However, the relationships between age, non‐breeding foraging behaviour and fitness remain largely unexplored.

We performed a cross‐sectional study, investigating age‐related variation in the foraging activity, distribution and diet of an extremely long‐lived seabird, the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, during the non‐breeding period. Eighty‐two adults aged 8–33 years were tracked with geolocator‐immersion loggers, and body feathers were sampled for stable isotope analysis. We tested for variation in metrics of foraging behaviour and linked age‐related trends to subsequent reproductive performance.

There was an age‐related decline in the number of landings (a proxy of foraging effort) during daylight hours, and a decrease in body feather δ13C values in older males but not females, yet this did not accompany an age‐related shift in distributions. Males conducted fewer landings than females, and the sexes showed some spatial segregation, with males foraging further south, likely due to their differential utilization of winds.

Although younger (<20 years) birds had higher foraging effort, they all went on to breed successfully the following season. In contrast, among older (20+ years) birds, individuals that landed more often were more likely to defer breeding or fail during incubation, suggesting they have lower foraging success.

As far as we are aware, this is the first demonstration of an age‐specific carry‐over effect of foraging behaviour in the non‐breeding period on subsequent reproductive performance. This link between foraging behaviour and fitness in late but not early adulthood indicates that the ability of individuals to forage efficiently outside the breeding period may be an important driver of fitness differences in old age.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Reproductive success of a keystone herbivore is more variable and responsive to climate in habitats with lower resource diversity
Authors: Iles David T. , Rockwell Robert F. , Koons David N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe effects of climate on wild populations are often channelled through species interactions. Population responses to climate variation can therefore differ across habitats, owing to variation in the biotic community. Theory predicts that consumer demography should be less variable and less responsive to climate in habitats with greater resource diversity.We tested these predictions using a long‐term study of breeding lesser snow geese along the western coast of Hudson Bay, Manitoba, Canada. Reproductive success was measured in 22 years from 114 locations, in either coastal or inland habitat types. We used Bayesian analysis to estimate the response of reproductive success to climate in each habitat type, along with residual variation not explained by climate. We then quantified gosling diet composition in each habitat type to test the prediction that reproductive success would be less variable and more responsive to climate in habitats with lower resource diversity.Reproductive success responded positively to seasonal warmness, but this response was much stronger in inland habitats than in coastal habitats. Site‐ and year‐level random effects were also three to five times more variable in inland habitats. Simultaneously, land cover diversity and gosling diet diversity were lower in inland habitats.Our study illustrates that spatial variation in resource diversity (and thus, species interactions) can have important effects on consumer responses to climate. In this system, climate change is expected to disproportionately increase the reproductive success of snow geese in vast inland habitats, potentially counteracting management efforts to reduce the abundance of this keystone herbivore.
Differential cardiac sympatho‐inhibitory responses produced by the agonists B‐HT 933, quinpirole and immepip in normoglycaemic and diabetic pithed rats
Authors: Rivera‐Mancilla Eduardo , Altamirano‐Espinoza Alain H , Manrique‐Maldonado Guadalupe , Villanueva‐Castillo Belinda , Villalón Carlos M 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis study compared the cardiac sympatho‐inhibitory responses produced by agonists at α2‐adrenergic (B‐HT 933), dopamine D2‐like (quinpirole) and histamine H3/H4 (immepip) receptors between normoglycaemic and streptozotocin‐pretreated (diabetic) pithed rats. Intravenous (i.v.) continuous infusions of B‐HT 933, quinpirole or immepip were used in normoglycaemic and diabetic pithed rats to analyse their sympatho‐inhibitory effects on the electrically‐stimulated cardioaccelerator sympathetic outflow. Both in normoglycaemic and diabetic animals, B‐HT 933 (until 100 μg/kg per minute) and quinpirole (until 10 μg/kg per minute) inhibited the tachycardic responses to electrical sympathetic stimulation, but not those to i.v. bolus of exogenous noradrenaline. These sympatho‐inhibitory responses were more pronounced in diabetic than in normoglycaemic animals. Accordingly, the areas under the curve for 100 μg/kg per minute B‐HT 933 and 10 μg/kg per minute quinpirole in diabetic rats (1065 ± 70 and 920 ± 35, respectively) were significantly smaller (P < .05) than those in normoglycaemic rats (1220 ± 45 and 1360 ± 42, respectively). In contrast, immepip infusions produced cardiac sympatho‐inhibition in normoglycaemic (until 10 μg/kg per minute), but not in diabetic (until 100 μg/kg per minute) animals. Our results suggest that in diabetic pithed rats: (i) the more pronounced cardiac sympatho‐inhibition to B‐HT 933 and quinpirole may be probably due to up‐regulation of α2‐adrenergic and dopamine D2‐like receptors, respectively; (ii) the histamine H3/H4 receptors do not seem to play a sympatho‐inhibitory role; and (iii) there is a differential participation of α2‐adrenergic and dopamine D2‐like receptors, which may certainly represent therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic complications such as cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.
The (potential) demise of HRM?
Authors: Dundon Tony , Rafferty Anthony 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article seeks to provoke that human resource management (HRM), both as an academic field of study and as a form of professional practice, is at risk of impoverishment. The main reasoning for this is because of ideological individualism and marketisation with an attendant neglect on wider organisational, employee, and societal concerns. Following a review of the context of financialised capitalism, three contemporary developments in HRM are used to illustrate the argument: reward strategies, talent management, and high performance work systems. Implications for the practice of HRM and the way the subject area is taught in mainstream business schools are considered.
Current prescribing trends of dental non‐antibacterial medicines in Australia from 2013 to 2016. Part 2.
Authors: Teoh L , Stewart K , Marino RJ , McCullough MJ 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited literature regarding dental prescribing preferences for medicines other than antibiotics. This study aimed to describe the prescribing trends of dispensed prescription medicines by dentists in Australia from 2013 and 2016 and assess adherence to current guidelines.MethodsData were accessed from the Department of Health of all dental prescriptions dispensed under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) from 2013 to 2016 and prescribing patterns were analysed. The prescribing rates were standardized to the dose and population.ResultsThere was an overall increase in the standardized use of opioid analgesics by almost 30% over the time frame, with the combination paracetamol 500 mg plus codeine 30 mg tablet accounting for the majority of dispensed opioid prescriptions (96.2% in 2016). Dispensed benzodiazepine prescriptions increased by 14.6%.ConclusionsThe increase in the consumption of opioids is concerning, suggesting that continuing education is required for dentists to better understand their limited role in managing dental pain and potential for abuse. The substantial increase in the dispensed use of benzodiazepines also requires further investigation and there were some drugs prescribed inappropriately and not in accordance with guidelines. Consideration could also be given to reviewing the drugs listed on the PBS for dental prescribing.
Prevalence of HHV‐6 in endometrium from women with recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Coulam Carolyn B. , Bilal Mahmood , Salazar Garcia Maria D. , Katukurundage Dimantha , Elazzamy Haidy , Fernandez Emilio F. , Kwak‐Kim Joanne , Beaman Kenneth , Dambaeva Svetlana V. 
Published: April 2018

ProblemTo study the prevalence of HHV‐6 in endometrial biopsies among women experiencing recurrent implantation failure (RIF) after IVF/ET compared with controls.Method of StudyThirty women experiencing RIF after IVF/ET and 10 fertile women participated in the study. All women had endometrial biopsies taken in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle for an endometrial immune profile (EIP) and HHV‐6 mRNA as well as lymphocyte and granulocyte populations. The prevalence of HHV‐6 in endometrial biopsies was determined, and biopsies for positive and negative expression of HHV‐6 were compared with the results of their EIP and lymphocyte and granulocyte populations.ResultsThirty‐seven percentage of women with a history of RIF and 0% of controls demonstrated the presence of HHV‐6 in their endometrial biopsies. No associations were found when the results of the endometrial immune profile were compared with the presence or absence of HHV‐6. Significant increase in neutrophil‐specific CD16b mRNA was found in HHV‐6‐positive samples, and the levels of B cells‐related CD19 mRNA were lower in biopsies from women with RIF in comparison with normal controls.ConclusionHHV‐6 infection is an important factor in RIF.
Therapy and Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus Infections of Intracorporeal Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Ekkelenkamp Miquel B. , Vervoorn Mats T. , Bayjanov Jumamurat R. , Fluit Ad C. , Benaissa‐Trouw Barry J. , Ramjankhan Faiz Z. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInfection of the driveline or pump pocket is a common complication in patients with ventricular assist devices (VADs) and Staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogen causing such infections. Limited evidence is currently available to guide the choice of antibiotic therapy and the duration of treatment in these patients. Patients at the University Medical Center Utrecht who developed a VAD‐related S. aureus infection between 2007 and 2016 were retrospectively assessed. Blood culture isolates were typed by whole genome sequencing to differentiate between relapses and reinfections, and to determine whether antibiotic therapy had led to acquisition of resistance mutations. Twenty‐eight patients had S. aureus VAD infections. Ten of these patients also suffered S. aureus bacteremia. Discontinuation of antibiotic therapy was followed by relapse in 50% of the patients without prior S. aureus bacteremia and in 80% of patients with bacteremia. Oral cephalexin could ultimately suppress the infection for the duration of follow‐up in 8/8 patients without S. aureus bacteremia and in 3/6 patients with S. aureus bacteremia. Clindamycin failed as suppressive therapy in 4/4 patients. Cephalexin appears an adequate choice for antibiotic suppression of VAD infections with methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus. In patients without systemic symptoms, it may be justified to attempt to stop therapy after treatment of the acute infection, but antibiotic suppression until heart transplant seems indicated in patients with S. aureus bacteremia.
Letter: phenotype and natural history of elderly onset inflammatory bowel disease—Authors’ reply
Authors: Mañosa M. , Domènech E. 
Published: April 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Mañosa et al and Everhov et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14494 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14598.
Indignity and Old Age
Authors: Gordon John‐Stewart 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article examines the nature of human dignity against the background of old age and introduces the novel idea of treating human dignity as a formal principle related to the more foundational notion of indignity. The discussion starts with the objection that the notion of human dignity can be used to justify contrary positions and is therefore inconclusive. This pitfall can be averted by appealing to the notion of indignity rather than dignity in one's moral reasoning and decision‐making. Cases of indignity are more primary and indicate the violation of the very core of a human being. The verifiable property of vulnerability is central to this identification of indignity, as is illustrated by reference to the experiences of elderly people. The article argues for applying the concept of human dignity to reverse the conditions that existed before a particular indignity emerged, rather than trying to define positively the notion of human dignity in the first place.
A comprehensive approach to evaluating and classifying sun-protective clothing
Authors: Downs N.J. , Harrison S.L. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
Excessive exposure to sunlight causes skin cancer, the most common cancer in humans. An estimated 80% of melanoma (the most deadly form of skin cancer) cases in Australia could be prevented by reducing sun exposure. Clothing provides a protective barrier that reduces the amount of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the skin. In 1996, Australia pioneered a relative ranking of the sun-protective capabilities of clothing based on the transmission of UVR through fabric, known as the Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF). UPF garment swing tags were introduced as part of this original standard (AS/NZS 4399:1996) which was widely adopted by industry. However, it did not consider the body surface area (BSA) covered by garments. Minimum body coverage requirements for the torso and limbs were added to some standards (e.g. European Union, 2003; Australian/New Zealand, 2017) but not others (e.g. USA). In light of recent evidence showing that clothing coverage is important in preventing some of the pigmented moles that develop in childhood (important risk-factor for melanoma), it is imperative that sun-protective clothing rating schemes consider BSA coverage of the garment, in addition to fabric UPF. We developed a new index for rating sun-protective clothing, “the Garment Protection Factor (GPF)” that incorporates both of these important factors. BSA coverage is determined based on the number of lines visible on a clothed versus an unclothed mannequin. GPF increases with BSA coverage of the garment and fabric UPF over 3 categories: GPF 0 to &lt; 3 indicates the garments ‘meets’ minimum standards; 3 to &lt; 6 indicates ‘good’ sun-protection; and GPF ≥ 6 indicates ‘excellent’ protection. Adoption of this rating scheme should provide an incentive for manufacturers to design sun-protective garments that exceed the minimum standard for BSA coverage and fabric UPF, and provide consumers with adequate information on which to base their choice, with positive implications for skin cancer prevention.
HLA-Cw6 and psoriasis
Authors: Chen L. , Tsai T.-F. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
Psoriasis is a disease which causes, among other symptoms, red, scaly patches of skin. It is a complex disease because there are several different factors that work together to cause it, including those that are environmental and those that are genetic. Because of these variables, psoriasis can affect patients differently, with varying symptoms, areas of the body affected and how treatments work. Different versions of the same gene are called alleles, and some alleles make a person more prone to certain diseases or symptoms. Psoriasis susceptibility alleles have been thought to play an important role in the development of the disease, in particular one called HLA-Cw6 which has been linked to features such as early onset psoriasis and a certain type of skin patches (lesions) called guttate lesions. This article, from the National Taiwan University Hospital, is a review, summarizing the key findings from a range of studies into HLA-Cw6 and psoriasis. The worldwide frequency of HLA-Cw6 allele varies greatly, but is generally higher in Caucasians. The allele is associated with Type I early onset psoriasis. Stress, obesity, and an infection called streptococcal pharyngitis are commonly found in patients with HLA-Cw6 allele (HLA-Cw6 positive patients). HLA-Cw6 is found to be linked to a type of psoriasis called guttate psoriasis in some studies. In addition, patients carrying the allele are more likely to have lesions on their arms, legs and trunk. Studies also show that HLA-Cw6 positive patients have more success with certain treatments than people without the allele. All of these findings could eventually help predict and plan for how different patients’ psoriasis develops and is treated, although more research is needed first.
心理疾病在白癜风患者中的发病率:一项系统综述与元分析
Authors: Osinubi O. , Grainge M.J. , Hong L. , Ahmed A. , Batchelor J.M. , Grindlay D. , Thompson A.R. , Ratib S. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
白癜风是一种长期症状,患者的皮肤上会出现淡白色斑块。这是由于皮肤缺少黑色素(一种色素,即颜色)造成的。任何年龄、皮肤类型和性别的人都可能患上白癜风,而白癜风也可能会影响任何皮肤部位。全球每100个人中就约有1位白癜风患者。本研究的研究人员来自尼日利亚和英国。我们的研究通过查找全球发表的所有相关研究,旨在找出白癜风患者患上心理疾病(例如抑郁症和焦虑症)的普遍性如何。在从本领域内发表的29项研究中抽取数据后,我们发现,白癜风患者会经历一系列心理疾病或障碍。大约每四名白癜风患者中就有一名患有抑郁症,而每七名患者中至少有一名患有焦虑症。但是,与银屑病患者相比,白癜风患者不太可能表现出抑郁症的症状。我们还发现,有许多工具可以衡量皮肤病的心理产物(情绪的影响),而我们还需要进行更多的工作,以开发能够用于白癜风患者的工具。我们总结道,正如英国皮肤科医学会的指南所建议,在白癜风患者的临床评价过程中对心理状态进行评估是很有必要的。在对存在其他皮肤状况的患者进行临床评价时,也应重视此问题。
HLA-Cw6和银屑病
Authors: Chen L. , Tsai T.-F. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
银屑病是一种皮肤病,除了其他的症状之外,可能会导致皮肤出现红色鳞片状斑块。这是一种由若干种不同因素共同作用而导致的复杂疾病,包括环境因素和基因因素。由于这些变量,银屑病对患者的影响也不尽相同,包括症状、受影响的身体部位,以及治疗的作用。同一基因的不同版本称为等位基因,而一些等位基因则会使某个人更容易患上某些疾病或症状。银屑病敏感性等位基因被认为在这种疾病的发展中起着重要的作用,尤其是被称为HLA-Cw6的等位基因,它与早发性银屑病等特征和某种叫做斑点病变的皮肤斑块(病变)类型有关。这篇由国立台湾大学医学院附设医院发表的文章回顾并总结了来自一系列针对HLA-Cw6和银屑病的研究的关键发现。HLA-Cw6,但高加索人的频率普遍更高。这种等位基因与类型I早发性银屑病有关。具有HLA-Cw6等位基因的患者(HLA-Cw6阳性患者)中通常会出现压力、肥胖和称为链球菌咽炎的感染症状。一些研究发现,HLA-Cw6与一种称为滴状银屑病的银屑病有关。此外,携带这种等位基因的患者更有可能在手臂、双腿和躯体上出现病变。研究还表明,与未携带这种等位基因的患者相比,HLA-Cw6阳性患者接受某些治疗的成功率更高。所有这些发现最终都有助于预知和计划不同患者的银屑病将会如何发展和治疗,尽管还需要进行更多的研究。
瘢痕瘤病中的CD45RO+记忆T淋巴细胞的特征
Authors: Chen Z. , Zhou L. , Won T. , Gao Z. , Wu X. , Lu L. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
瘢痕瘤是一种类似于蔓生伤疤的疤痕,甚至会比原始的伤口更大或更明显。这种疾病在深色皮肤中最为常见。尽管瘢痕瘤的确切原因尚属未知,但我们知道其中涉及免疫系统。记忆T淋巴细胞可以针对病原体(有害细菌或病毒)提供快速高效的免疫反应并且可以辨认多种抗原(身体里的毒素或外来物质)。在本研究中,作者旨在通过分析血液和组织样本来研究瘢痕瘤中的一种名为CD3+CD45RO+的特异性记忆T细胞的异常现象。来自中国上海的作者发现,瘢痕瘤疤痕中的大部分T淋巴细胞都是CD3+CD45RO+记忆T细胞,并且他们还说明了区分这种类型的细胞与另一种名为FOXP3-CD8-mT的记忆T细胞的方法。作者们还发现,在拥有多个瘢痕瘤疤痕的患者中,名为CD4+CD25highFOXP3+调节性T细胞的数量显著减少,而瘢痕瘤疤痕中的CD8+CD103+记忆T细胞的数量则明显增加。作者们总结道,瘢痕瘤疤痕中的CD45RO+记忆T细胞子集存在明显的异常现象,这可能意味着T细胞反应的调节异常可能在瘢痕瘤的疤痕形成中起着作用。还需要进一步研究。
2018年英国皮肤科医师协会硬化性苔癣治疗指南
Authors: Lewis F.M. , Tatnall F.M. , Velangi S.S. , Bunker C.B. , Kumar A. , Brackenbury F. , Mohd Mustapa M.F. , Exton L.S. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
硬化性苔癣(LS)是一种慢性皮肤病,多发于肛门和生殖器区域。本文章是一则指南,意思是,作者在科技期刊中查找了所有与LS有关的可用证据,并由此结合成针对成人(18岁以上)、儿童(0~12岁)和青少年(13~17岁)的疾病治疗的以证据为基础的最新建议。本指南由英国皮肤科医师协会的委员会撰写,遵循了评估关于本主题的所有不同研究所使用的严格标准。本指南有助于指导从事初级护理(意思是,患者出现健康问题的第一站,例如GP诊所、社区紧急处理中心)和二级护理(意思是,GP将患者送去以接受更专业护理的地方,例如医院)的医生和护士。本指南涵盖一系列问题,从治疗方案到需要解决的研究缺口。通过该指南,英国皮肤科医师协会网站(www.bad.org.uk)上创建并提供了更新的患者使用说明书。基于上述研究和专家共识,指南针对全科医师和二级护理专家提供了31条诊断和治疗LS的建议。此外,还以流程图的方式提供了适用于男性和女性的建议患者治疗方法。所有的证据都表明,有效的局部类固醇药膏是治疗此症状的最有效疗法。最初应涂抹药膏3个月,然后应根据各个患者的情况制定治疗应用的频率,以较好地控制症状和体征。指南还针对未来的研究提供了九条提议,以回答一些未解决问题,并填补了当前知识的空缺。
Effectiveness Trial of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents with Severe Anxiety Symptoms in a Naturalistic Treatment Setting
Authors: Weitkamp Katharina , Daniels Judith K. , Baumeister‐Duru Anette , Wulf Andrea , Romer Georg , Wiegand‐Grefe Silke 
Published: April 2018

Background The aim of the study was to look at symptom changes in naturalistic outpatient psychoanalytic child and adolescent psychotherapy for anxiety disorders in Germany.Methods (1) The first treatment period of the psychodynamic intervention group (<25 sessions) was compared with a minimal supportive treatment (waiting list) control group, and (2) the effects of long‐term psychoanalytical treatment (>25 sessions) were analysed using a longitudinal observational design. A total of 86 children and adolescents (4–21 years) were in the treatment group and 35 in the minimal supportive treatment control group. Questionnaires were administered at the beginning and end of treatment, as well as at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up (FU).Results When comparing the first treatment period with the minimal supportive treatment control group, both groups improved significantly with small effect sizes and no significant group differences. Both parents and patients reported moderate symptom improvements at the end of therapy (parent: d=0.58; patient: d=0.57), which were stable at FU and increased from the patient perspective (parent: d=0.37; patient: d=0.80).Conclusions The results suggest that anxiety symptoms significantly decreased during the treatment period and remained stable at FU. Due to the study design we could not rule out alternative explanations like regression to the mean.