bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
bla
SED-1 beta-lactamase-producing Citrobacter sedlakii isolated from horses and genomic comparison with human-derived isolates
Authors: Tasnim Yamima , Stanley Charlotte , Rahman Md Kaisar , Awosile Babafela 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
We aim to detect beta-lactamase-producing Citrobacter sedlakii from horses and compare the genomic characteristics with isolates from humans.

Methods and result
We characterized phenotypically and genotypically nine C. sedlakii isolates from the feces of horses and then compared them to human-derived isolates using whole genome sequencing and phylogenomic methods. Seven isolates (7/9) were ampicillin-resistant, while at least one isolate was resistant to ceftriaxone, gentamicin, meropenem, and streptomycin. All nine isolates were carriers of the chromosomal-mediated blaSED-1 beta-lactamase gene, which confers resistance to ampicillin. One isolate was positive for the mcr-9 gene that confers resistance to colistin, and another isolate had the aac(6′)-lid gene that confers resistance to aminoglycosides. Seven isolates (7/9) were carriers of genes that confer metal resistance to copper, silver, and arsenic. Phylogenetically, two horse-derived isolates clustered together with two human-derived isolates from the NDARO database.

Conclusion
The results from our study provide insight into the antimicrobial susceptibility of C. sedlakii in horses, which was previously lacking, and the specific beta-lactamase gene mediating resistance.
Large language models and synthetic health data: progress and prospects
Authors: Smolyak Daniel , Bjarnadóttir Margrét V , Crowley Kenyon , Agarwal Ritu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Given substantial obstacles surrounding health data acquisition, high-quality synthetic health data are needed to meet a growing demand for the application of advanced analytics for clinical discovery, prediction, and operational excellence. We highlight how recent advances in large language models (LLMs) present new opportunities for progress, as well as new risks, in synthetic health data generation (SHDG).

Materials and Methods
We synthesized systematic scoping reviews in the SHDG domain, recent LLM methods for SHDG, and papers investigating the capabilities and limits of LLMs.

Results
We summarize the current landscape of generative machine learning models (eg, Generative Adversarial Networks) for SHDG, describe remaining challenges and limitations, and identify how recent LLM approaches can potentially help mitigate them.

Discussion
Six research directions are outlined for further investigation of LLMs for SHDG: evaluation metrics, LLM adoption, data efficiency, generalization, health equity, and regulatory challenges.

Conclusion
LLMs have already demonstrated both high potential and risks in the health domain, and it is important to study their advantages and disadvantages for SHDG.
An approach to apply the Jaya optimization algorithm to the nesting of irregular patterns
Authors: Duta Eduard-Andrei , Jimeno-Morenilla Antonio , Sanchez-Romero Jose-Luis , Macia-Lillo Antonio , Mora-Mora Higinio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The problem of nesting frequently arises in the industrial environment, and it has a strong ecological and economic impact in the manufacturing processes. It basically consists of placing a set of pieces (polygons) on a material sheet, making sure that the pieces do not overlap and that they do not exceed the boundaries of the sheet. With regard to irregular 2D polygons, the problem is NP-complete. Therefore, different heuristics have been developed so as to cope with the problem. In this paper, the application of the Jaya metaheuristic algorithm to the nesting problem is proposed. This algorithm has been already applied to several engineering problems and has generally demonstrated better results than most metaheuristic algorithms. In this paper, the Jaya algorithm has been adapted to the specific features of the nesting problem so as to optimize the placement of pieces on a sheet, with the objective of minimizing material waste and computational time. The results of our experimentation demonstrate the algorithm’s effectiveness in reducing the convex hull area across various datasets, showing potential in solving complex, irregular shape nesting problems. This research provides a new application of the Jaya algorithm and opens ways for future work in optimization techniques and parameter-free heuristic algorithms for nesting.
Effects of different rearing methods on cocoon silk strength in silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
Authors: Zhang Shengxiang , Liu Ran , Lan Fengjie , Wang Yi , Wang Huizhen , Liu Yangyang , Ren Chunjiu , Gao Huiju 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the use of artificial diet to rear silkworm Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) has advanced rapidly in China. However, significant differences are found in the production and performance of silk from silkworms reared on artificial diet and mulberry leaves, thereby affecting the development of artificial diet usage in sericulture. To understand the reasons for these differences, we tested the following 3 rearing methods: all-instar mulberry leaf rearing (Mul), all-instar artificial diet rearing (Diet), and instars 1–3 reared on artificial diet followed by instars 4–5 reared on mulberry leaf (Mix). The results showed that the silk production was significantly lower under Diet than Mix and Mul. Electron microscopy images revealed that the protein synthesis and energy supply were decreased under Dier and Mix compared with Mul. Subsequent strength analysis indicated that the relative strength of silk was highest under Mix, followed by Mul, and weakest under Diet. However, no significant differences in elongation were observed among treatments. The β-sheet content of silk was significantly higher under Mix than Diet and Mul, and a similar trend was observed for the crystallinity. Furthermore, the elevated expression of BmChiNAG and the reduced expression of BmTpn genes may be a significant factor for the notable disparities in cocoon silk fineness and strength among the threes. These findings provide deep insights into the differences in silk produced by silkworms reared on mulberry leaves and artificial diet, as well as providing a reference for improving artificial diet for rearing silkworms.
Calculation and application of elastic modulus of mineral components in tight sandstone based on an adaptive method
Authors: Li Li , Duan Peifei , Gao Weixu , Wang Kunming , Shi Suzhen , Lin Liming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For the petrophysics model of tight sandstones, the elastic modulus of their sandstone and mudstone components are often substituted with those of quartz and clay, which affects model accuracy. To solve this problem, we innovate an adaptive approach for model the rock physics characteristics of tight sandstone. First, based on the relationship between P- and S-wave velocities from well logs and the elastic modulus of the rocks, the equivalent elastic modulus of tight sandstone under saturated conditions is calculated. Next, The Lee model and the Gassmann equation were jointly used to determine the equivalent elasticity modulus of tight sandstone matrix. The upper and lower limits of the equivalent elasticity modulus for mudstone and sandstone are established using the mudstone content curve, the least-squares method and the Voigt–Reuss–Hill (VRH) model. We used the random-walk algorithm to accurately calculate the equivalent elastic modulus of the sandstone and mudstone components. Finally, using the accurately obtained elastic modulus of sandstone and mudstone, the equivalent elastic modulus of the matrix is calculated. The Kuster–Toksöz model is subsequently applied to compute the dry-frame bulk modulus and shear modulus of the rock. Following this, the Brie model is used to calculate the elastic modulus of the mixed fluid, thereby completing the construction of the rock physics model for the study area. The results demonstrate that our improved petrophysics model can predict the S-wave velocity curve with ≤15% errors relative to the true curve. When sweet spot prediction was performed using reservoir-sensitive parameter (Vp/Vs) derived from the petrophysics template, the agreement between the predictions and well-log data was 80%. Thus, our petrophysics model method can be used to predict tight gas reservoirs effectively and will aid efforts to improve petroleum exploration works in the study area.
Climate risks for displaced populations: a scoping review and research agenda
Authors: Fransen Sonja , Hunns Alexander , Jaber Tarek , Janz Teresa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Forcibly displaced people are at the forefront of climate emergencies worldwide. This article reviews the growing literature on climate risks for displaced populations to synthesize knowledge, highlight gaps, and develop a theory-driven research agenda. Our synthesis shows that displaced populations are disproportionately at risk of being negatively impacted by climate hazards, due to their high sensitivity, limited adaptive capacities, and, in some cases, heightened exposure. Most studies focus on Southern Asia with a paucity of studies on climate-vulnerable refugee-hosting states in Africa, Central Asia, and the Middle East. Moreover, the literature heavily relies on case studies, which impedes the generalizability and comparability of findings. We argue for an inclusive and comprehensive climate risk research agenda that systematically maps the exposure of displaced populations to climate hazards, provides theory-driven research on how climate sensitivities and adaptive capacities shape their vulnerabilities, and applies comparative research, including host community populations.
The application of ozone within the food industry, mode of action, current and future applications, and regulatory compliance
Authors: Hamid Zak , Meyrick Ben K , Macleod Joshua , Heath Emily A , Blaxland James 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The food industry faces numerous challenges today, with the prevention and reduction of microbial contamination being a critical focus. While traditional chemical-based methods are effective and widely used, rising energy costs, the development of microbial tolerances, and growing awareness of the ecological impact of chemical biocides have renewed interest in novel biocides. Ozone, in both its gaseous and aqueous forms, is recognized as a potent disinfectant against bacteria, viruses, and fungi due to its high oxidation potential. Our review highlights several studies on the applications of ozone within the food industry, including its use for surface and aerosol disinfection and its capacity to reduce viable Listeria monocytogenes, a pertinent foodborne pathogen harbouring environmental and biocide stress tolerances and biofilm former. We also explore the use of ozone in food treatment and preservation, specifically on blueberries, apples, carrots, cabbage, and cherry tomatoes. While ozone is an effective disinfectant, it is important to consider material incompatibility, and the risks associated with prolonged human exposure to high concentrations. Nevertheless, for certain applications, ozone proves to be an efficacious and valuable alternative or complementary method for microbial control. Compliance with the biocide products regulation will require ozone device manufacturers to produce proven efficacy and safety data in line with British standards based on European standards (BS EN), and researchers to propose adaptations to account for ozone’s unique properties.
Mental health and capacity laws in Northern Ireland: examining the position of children and young people
Authors: Farrell Anne-Maree , Agnew Elizabeth , Hann Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mental health and capacity laws applicable to children and young people in Northern Ireland (NI) lack clarity and coherence, with significant gaps in service provision and safeguarding. Drawing on an examination of such laws, we argue that law reform is needed. In the short term, we suggest there is merit in publishing statutory guidance, such as a Code of Practice, to address both the issue of evolving capacity in children and to facilitate best practice in policy and practice. This modest reform in the short term should be accompanied by a firm political commitment to ensuring that NI’s innovative fusion mental capacity legislation is fully brought into force in the medium term. Meanwhile, law reform should form part of a holistic approach on the part of NI’s policy-makers towards improving mental healthcare provision for children and young people in line with a human rights-based approach. This would include the following: increased allocation of funding and resources to facilitate more timely access to suitable treatment and related services; enhancing participation in policy, judicial, and clinical decision-making that impacts their lives; and employing a range of executive accountability mechanisms to drive improvements in such provision over time.
A gamma-ray stacking survey of Fermi-LAT undetected globular clusters
Authors: Henry Owen K , Paglione Timothy A D , Song Yuzhe , Tan Joshua , Zurek David , Pinto Vanessa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We present evidence for $\gamma$-ray emission from a stacked population of 39 high-latitude globular clusters (GCs) not detected in the Fermi Point Source Catalogue, likely attributable to populations of millisecond pulsars within them. In this work, we use 13 yr of data collected by the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope to search for a cumulative signal from undetected GCs and compared them to control fields (CFs), selected to match the celestial distribution of the target clusters so as to distinguish the $\gamma$-ray signal from background emission. The joint likelihood distribution of the GCs has a significant separation ($\sim 4\sigma$) from that of the CFs. We also investigate correlations between detected cluster luminosities and other cluster properties such as distance, the number of millisecond pulsars associated with each cluster, and stellar encounter rate but find no significant relationships.
Photometric redshift estimation for CSST survey with LSTM neural networks
Authors: Luo Zhijian , Li Yicheng , Lu Junhao , Chen Zhu , Fu Liping , Zhang Shaohua , Xiao Hubing , Du Wei , Gong Yan , Shu Chenggang , Ma Wenwen , Meng Xianmin , Zhou Xingchen , Fan Zuhui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Accurate estimation of photometric redshifts (photo-zs) is crucial for cosmological surveys. Various methods have been developed for this purpose, such as template fitting methods and machine learning techniques, each with its own applications, advantages, and limitations. In this study, we propose a new approach that utilizes a deep learning model based on recurrent neural networks with long short-term memory (LSTM) to predict photo-z. Unlike many existing machine learning models, our method requires only flux measurements from different observed filters as input. The model can automatically learn the complex relationships between the flux data across different wavelengths, eliminating the need for manually extracted or derived input features, thereby providing precise photo-z estimates. The effectiveness of our proposed model is evaluated using simulated data from the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) sourced from the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST-ACS) and the COSMOS catalogue, considering anticipated instrument effects of the future CSST. Results from experiments demonstrate that our LSTM model, compared to commonly used template fitting and machine learning approaches, requires minimal input parameters and achieves high precision in photo-z estimation. For instance, when trained on the same data set and provided only with photometric fluxes as input features, the proposed LSTM model yields one-third of the outliers $f_{\mathrm{out}}$ observed with a multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLP) model, while the normalized median absolute deviation $\rm \sigma _{NMAD}$ is only two-thirds that of the MLP model. This study presents a novel approach to accurately estimate photo-zs of galaxies using photometric data from large-scale survey projects.
Convective vortices in collapsing stars
Authors: Telman Yerassyl , Abdikamalov Ernazar , Foglizzo Thierry 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent studies show that non-radial structures arising from massive star shell convection play an important role in shaping core-collapse supernova explosions. During the collapse phase, convective vortices generate acoustic waves that interact with the supernova shock. This amplifies turbulence in the post-shock region, contributing to explosion. We study how various physical parameters influence the evolution of these convective vortices during stellar collapse using simplified simulations. We model the collapsing star with a transonic Bondi flow and represent convection as solenoidal velocity perturbations. Our results are consistent with previous studies, demonstrating that the peak perturbation amplitude scales linearly with the pre-collapse convective Mach number and inversely with the angular wavenumber of convection. While the shell radius and width primarily determine the time-scale of accretion, they have little impact on the peak perturbation amplitudes. Finally, we show that when the convective Mach number is below approximately 0.2, the dynamics remain within the linear regime.
Homo-harringtonine (HHT) is highly effective against SARS-CoV-2-A potential first-line defense in future coronavirus epidemics
Authors: Wen Hai-Jun , Ma Hua-Juan , Zhong Gong-Xun , Ding Ao , Wang Xi , Lai Xiao-Ju , Shi Chang-Hao , Tracy Miles , Wu Si-Jin , Li Jia-Sheng , Zhang Ge , Bo Yao Yong- , Chen Wei , Yu Liu Xue- , Xu Zhi-Chao , Cao Xue , He Wen-Bin , Feng Jing , Wang Guo-Dong , Liu Feng-Liang , Zeng Wei-Shun , Lu Guang-An , Yu Guo Jia- , Zheng Yong-Tang , Zeng Hui , He Xiong-Lei , Zhang Fu-Jie , Hu Zhi-Hong , Lyu Xue-Mei , Chen Hualan , Li Jian , Wang Man-Li , Cai Qi-Chun , Wu Chung-I 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As COVID-19 is the third coronavirus epidemic in this century, it would be desirable to have a treatment scheme in anticipation of a fourth one. We here present a scheme that could clear SARS-CoV-2 in 2-4 days post infection from the upper respiratory tract (URT), where the virions are initially concentrated. The scheme, applicable in large scale by nasal spray, is based on Homo-harringtonine (HHT) that has been approved for treating other diseases. HHT blocked protein elongation and repressed in vitro replication of all 4 coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) tested at the nano-molar concentration, demonstrating its potential of broad effectiveness against coronaviruses. In animal models, HHT cleared SARS-CoV-2 in all treated mice in 3 days by daily nasal dripping of a small dose (40 ug). In December 2022, HHT was administered to 26 cancer patients by nebulization at 1 mg/day. On average, the viral load in the URT was reduced by 3/4 six hours after the nebulization. In the wavelet of May 2023, 11 patients without other medical conditions were administered HHT by repeated liquid nasal spray at the low, total daily-dose of 0.2 mg. Ten of the 11 patients were cleared of the virus in 2-4 days. In comparison, in large-cohort studies of participants in China during the same wave, most patients need 7-9 to turn negative. No adverse effects were detected in any patient in the two clinical trials. A short review of drugs approved for treating COVID-19 shows the many advantages of HHT. With continual development, it could become a first-line defense at the onset of future coronavirus epidemics.
Ischemic stroke in a 4-year child resulting from scorpion envenomation: a case report from Nepal
Authors: Sunil Bhatta , Raj Awasthi Pusp , Sukriti Pandit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In the warmer lowlands, scorpion stings frequently result in emergencies and are a serious public health issue. Early in the spree, scorpion envenomation is particularly deadly because of respiratory and/or cardiovascular collapse. We report a 4-year-old boy with left middle cerebral arterial territory ischemic infarct within 24 h following scorpionism. He was managed conservatively with prazosin, aspirin, enoxaparin, levetriacetam and other supportive measures.
Axillary pilonidal sinus: an unusual presentation: a case report with literature review
Authors: Salih Abdulwahid M , Ahmed Ronak S , Zahir Hardi M , Saeed Yadgar A , Ali Halkawt O , Muhialdeen Aso S , Ali Saeed H , Najar Kayhan A , Abdullah Fakher , Kakamad Fahmi H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Despite its rarity, pilonidal sinus (PNS) in atypical locations poses significant diagnostic challenges, underscoring the need for early identification and appropriate treatment strategies. This case highlights a rare occurrence of a PNS in the axilla, emphasizing the importance of recognizing uncommon presentations of common ailments. A 27-year-old male presented with a 13-year history of painless axillary discharge, diagnosed with PNS based on clinical evaluation. Surgical excision under local anesthesia successfully treated the condition, showcasing the effectiveness of tailored management in addressing rare presentations of PNS. Surgical therapy for axillary pilonidal sinus enables complete resection and provides precise histopathological diagnoses, making it a suitable treatment option, particularly for cases involving atypical locations.
Full-term pregnancy despite severe hypophosphatemia caused by tumor-induced osteomalacia
Authors: Truong Thien Binh Nu , Nguyen Anh Trong , Ly Luong Dai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A woman in her 30s with a history of multiple bone fractures unexpectedly became pregnant and delivered a full-term baby through cesarean section, despite suffering from excruciating pain without any apparent cause or specific treatment. The patient was referred to our endocrine clinic following childbirth. Blood tests revealed a life-threatening low level of serum phosphate, normal 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration, low TmP/GFR ratio, and elevated FGF23 levels. A PET/CT scan with Gallium-68 Dotatate identified an abnormal tumor in the right calcaneus. Her FGF23 level returned to normal soon after surgical removal of the tumor, which was confirmed to be chondroblastoma. Her child’s cognitive and motor skills typically developed from the newborn to preschool age. He exhibited excellent long-term growth, without any signs of rickets.
The 41st documented case of the oral angiokeratoma globally, review of literature and case report
Authors: Hamdy Jafar , Alnajjar Majd , Yacoub Hikmat , Issa Rana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Oral angiokeratoma (OAK) is an uncommon vascular anomaly with various clinical manifestations. Typically associated with generalized angiokeratoma. It rarely manifests as a solitary lesion without any underlying systemic conditions. Globally, only around 40 oral cases have been documented to date. Here, we present the 41st solitary oral angiokeratoma in the tongue in a 30-year-old female patient, this case was effectively managed without any surgical intervention.
Unveiling primary Hyperoxaluria type 1: a fortuitous discovery through bone marrow biopsy
Authors: Aaboudech Taha Yassine , Znati Kaoutar , Jahid Ahmed , Sassi Samia , Driouich Salima , Zouaidia Fouad , Bernoussi Zakia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper details a rare case of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) identified through a bone marrow biopsy in a 46-year-old female patient with a history of nephrolithiasis and chronic renal failure. Genetic analysis identified the p.Ile244Thr mutation in the AGXT gene, confirming the diagnosis of PH1. The paper aims to highlight this case, focusing on the genetic basis of the disorder, including the identified mutation. It underscores the importance of early diagnosis of infantile and childhood nephrolithiasis, particularly in cases with familial history, to prevent renal loss and systemic oxalosis.