bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutations found in cell‐free DNAs of patients with malignant lymphoma at remission can derive from clonal hematopoiesis
Authors: Suehara Yasuhito , Sakata‐Yanagimoto Mamiko , Hattori Keiichiro , Kusakabe Manabu , Nanmoku Toru , Sato Taiki , Noguchi Masayuki , Chiba Shigeru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCell‐free DNA (cfDNA) analysis to detect circulating tumor DNA has been focused on monitoring malignant lymphomas. However, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP)‐associated mutations can also be detected by cfDNA analysis. Our aim is to investigate the origin of mutations detected in cfDNA among B‐cell lymphoma patients. MYD88/CD79B, DNMT3A, and TP53 were chosen as genes of interest, representing each of the following categories: lymphoma driver genes, CHIP‐related genes, and genes shared between lymphoma and CHIP. Seventy‐five B‐cell lymphoma patients were included in this retrospective study. Serum cfDNAs at time of complete metabolic response (CMR) were sequenced for TP53 (N = 75) and DNMT3A (N = 49). MYD88 p.L265P and CD79B p.Y196C/H mutations were analyzed in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients whose tumor samples were available (N = 29). Two and seven mutations in TP53 and DNMT3A, respectively, were detected in cfDNA at CMR. These mutations were detected in either bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) or PBMC. Although four DNMT3A mutations were also detected in tumors, median variant allele frequencies in the tumors (<1.0%) were significantly lower than those in both BMMC (6.1%) and serum (5.2%) obtained before the therapy. Conversely, five MYD88 and three CD79B mutations detected in tumors were confirmed in cfDNA before therapy, but not in BMMC nor in cfDNA at CMR. Thus, all TP53 and DNMT3A mutations detected in cfDNA at remission seemed to originate from CHIP rather than from residual disease. Results of liquid biopsy should be carefully interpreted, especially in genes shared between lymphomas and CHIP.
Enhancing the antibacterial activity of PMAP‐37 by increasing its hydrophobicity
Authors: Zhou Jiangfei , Liu Yongqing , Shen Tengfei , Chen Liangliang , Zhang Cong , Cai Kairui , Liu Zhixin , Meng Xiangmiao , Zhang Ling , Liao Chengshui , Wang Chen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith increasing resistance against conventional antibiotics, there is an urgent need to discover novel substances to replace antibiotics. This need provides an opportunity for the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). To develop new AMPs with effective and safe therapeutic effects, two PMAP‐37 analogs called PMAP‐37(R13‐I) and PMAP‐37(K20/27‐I) were designed to increase hydrophobicity. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and animal infection models were used to assess their antibacterial activity. The results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentrations of PMAP‐37(R13‐I) were lower than those of PMAP‐37 for two gram‐negative strains. Compared with PMAP‐37, PMAP‐37(K20/27‐I) not only inhibited the growth of most bacterial strains, but also exhibited antibacterial activity against Shigella flexneri CICC21534. In addition, PMAP‐37(K20/27‐I) exhibited pH and thermal stability. PMAP‐37(R13‐I) had a therapeutic effect only in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium SL1344. However, PMAP‐37(K20/27‐I) exhibited the therapeutic effects, whether in the clinical symptoms, the tissue lesions, or the tissue bacterial loads and the survival rates in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 or S. typhimurium SL1344. Therefore, PMAP‐37(K20/27‐I) can be used as a substitute for antibiotics against infection with bacterial strains.
Effect of piezoelectric osteotomy on postoperative oedema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Kang Haram , Jin Ho Jun , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated the efficacy of piezoelectric osteotomy in reducing oedema and ecchymosis during rhinoplasty via a systematic review with meta‐analysis.Design and settingTwo authors independently searched the referenced databases. PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, the Web of Science, the Cochrane library and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched from inception to January 2019.ParticipantsSufficient data were retrieved for a meta‐analysis of six trials with a total of 327 patients.Main outcome measuresThey included studies that compared piezoelectric osteotomy (treatment groups) with conventional osteotomy (control group). The outcomes of interest were operative time, mucosal injury, oedema, ecchymosis and postoperative pain. Baseline study characteristics, quality of study, numbers of patients in the treatment and control groups and outcomes were extracted.ResultsIntraoperative mucosal injury was significantly lower in the treatment group vs the control group, but operative time was longer in the treatment group. Eyelid oedema and ecchymosis in the first seven days postoperatively were statistically decreased in the treatment group vs the control group. In addition, pain in the first three days postoperatively was statistically decreased in the treatment group vs the control group. However, in a subgroup analysis according to osteotomy visibility in the control group (blind osteotomy vs osteotomy under direct vision), there was no significant difference in oedema and ecchymosis between treatment and osteotomy under direct vision.ConclusionsPiezoelectric osteotomy during rhinoplasty can reduce eyelid oedema and eyelid ecchymosis compared to conventional osteotomy. However, piezoelectric osteotomy had no significant advantages in terms of postoperative oedema and ecchymosis compared to osteotomy under direct vision.
Vocal fold nodules: A disorder of phonation organs or auditory feedback?
Authors: Lee Shao‐Hsuan , Yu Jen‐Fang , Fang Tuan‐Jen , Lee Guo‐She 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveIncreasing evidence supports that auditory feedback of one's own voice closely relates to real‐time adjustments of vocal control. Previous studies highlighted that the low‐frequency modulations of below 3 Hz (LFM) embedded in vocal fundamental frequency (F0) showed a reflex‐like response to altered auditory inputs. However, the auditory feedback control of different vocal disorders remains unclear.DesignA cross‐sectional, case‐controlled study.SettingA tertiary medical centre.ParticipantsSustained vocalisations of vowel/a/ from adult healthy controls and patients with vocal fold nodules, vocal fold polyps and vocal fold cysts, respectively. The vocalisations were made at a comfortable pitch and at the intensity of 70 ~ 80 dBC under the following four auditory conditions: natural hearing, 90‐dBC speech noise, 10‐dBC enhanced feedback of self‐produced voice and both the noise and voice feedback.Main outcome measuresPower spectral analysis of F0 contour of sustained vowel.ResultsPatients with vocal fold nodules presented with different audio‐vocal feedback behaviour and audio‐vocal response to speech noise from the other two vocal pathologies of vocal fold polyp and vocal fold cyst as well as the healthy controls (P < .001, one‐way ANOVA).ConclusionThe vocal fold nodules may be not only a vocal fold disease but also a disease caused by abnormal audio‐vocal feedback. Moreover, the distinct audio‐vocal feedback of vocal fold nodules could be revealed by power spectral analysis of vocal fundamental frequencies. Although further investigations are necessary, adjustments of audio‐vocal feedback behaviour may provide a new insight and benefit to the treatment of vocal fold nodules in the future.
A pediatric case of pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma with chromosomal copy number alterations in 15q and 17q and a novel NTRK3‐SCAPER gene fusion
Authors: Friedman Ben J. , Hernandez Simon , Fidai Chelsea , Jiang Angela , Shwayder Tor A. , Carskadon Shannon , Andea Aleodor A. , Harms Paul W. , Chitale Dhananjay , Palanisamy Nallasivam 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPigmented epithelioid melanocytoma (PEM) represents a group of rare, heavily pigmented melanocytic tumors encompassing lesions previously designated as “animal‐type melanomas” and “epithelioid blue nevi.” Despite the association of multiple such tumors in the setting of Carney complex, most cases of PEM occur spontaneously as solitary neoplasms in otherwise healthy patients. PEM may arise in both children and adults, and has a known propensity to spread to the regional lymph nodes. Despite this latter finding, recurrence at the biopsy site or spread beyond the lymph node basin is exceptionally uncommon. Although the molecular basis for PEM continues to be characterized, findings to date suggest that this category of melanocytic neoplasia has genetic alterations distinct from those seen in common nevi, dysplastic nevi, Spitz nevi, and melanoma. Herein, we present an in‐depth clinical, histopathologic, and molecular analysis of a case of PEM occurring on the scalp of a young African American girl found to have a novel NTRK3‐SCAPER gene fusion.
Peculiar vegetative tumor‐like genital herpes simplex nodules with brisk tissue eosinophilia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Pomerantz Hyemin , Wang Hongbei , Heilman Edward R. , Sharon Victoria R. , Gottesman Silvija P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGenital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient can present as a vegetative nodule. Clinical differential diagnoses of the nodule include condyloma latum, condyloma acuminatum, viral or fungal infection, and cutaneous neoplasms. Histological examination of herpetic nodules has been reported to show thick pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia with dense dermal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and multifocal multinucleated cells with herpetic viral cytopathic changes. We report two patients with HIV presenting with vegetative tumor‐like HSV nodules with distinctive histopathologic pattern of inflammation that has not been described in the literature before. All samples displayed slightly acanthotic epidermis with focal ulceration, dense dermal sclerosis, scattered plasma cells, and a brisk lymphoeosinophilic infiltrate found dissecting between dense collagen bundles. This pattern of inflammation is an important clue that can guide the pathologist to look for focal herpetic viral changes in the epidermis, as patients with HIV possibly tend to amount a predominantly eosinophilic immune response in inflammatory skin conditions.
S2k guidelines for the treatment of psoriasis in children and adolescents – Short version part 1
Authors: Eisert Lisa , Augustin Matthias , Bach Sabine , Dittmann Martin , Eiler Renate , Fölster‐Holst Regina , Gerdes Sascha , Hamm Henning , Höger Peter , Horneff Gerd , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Philipp Sandra , Pleimes Marc , Schläger Martin , Schuster Volker , Staubach Petra , Weberschock Tobias , Werner Ricardo Niklas , Nast Alexander , Sticherling Michael 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe present guidelines are aimed at residents and board‐certified physicians in the fields of dermatology, pediatrics, pediatric dermatology and pediatric rheumatology as well as policymakers and insurance funds. They were developed by dermatologists and pediatric dermatologists in collaboration with pediatric rheumatologists using a formal consensus process (S2k).The guidelines highlight topics such as disease severity, quality of life, treatment goals as well as problems associated with off‐label drug therapy in children. Trigger factors and diagnostic aspects are discussed. The primary focus is on the various topical, systemic and UV‐based treatment options available and includes recommendations for use and treatment algorithms. Other aspects addressed herein include vaccinations in children and adolescents with psoriasis as well as various disease subtypes such as guttate psoriasis, diaper psoriasis, pustular psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Finally, we also provide recommendations for imaging studies and the diagnostic workup to rule out tuberculosis prior to initiating systemic treatment.Note: This article constitutes part 1 of the Sk2 guidelines for the treatment of psoriasis in children and adolescents. Part 2 will be published in the next issue. It contains chapters on UV therapy, systemic treatment, tonsillectomy and antibiotics, vaccinations, guttate psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, complementary medicine, as well as imaging studies and diagnostic workup to rule out tuberculosis prior to systemic treatment.
Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl‐2, nuclear S100A4, MITF and Ki67 for risk stratification of early‐stage melanoma – A combined IHC score for melanoma risk stratification
Authors: Jurmeister Philipp , Bockmayr Michael , Treese Christoph , Stein Ulrike , Lenze Dido , Jöhrens Korinna , Friedling Franziska , Dietel Manfred , Klauschen Frederick , Marsch Wolfgang , Fiedler Eckhard , von Laffert Maximilian 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackground and objectivesOverall survival (OS) in patients with early‐stage malignant melanoma differs. To date, there are no established prognostic markers. We aimed to contribute to a better understanding of potential prognostic immunohistochemical markers for risk stratification.Patients and methods161 surgically resected early‐stage malignant melanomas (stage pT1 and pT2) were analyzed for expression of 20 different proteins using immunohistochemistry. The results were correlated with OS. The cohort was randomly split into a discovery and a validation cohort.ResultsHigh Bcl‐2 expression, high nuclear S100A4 expression as well as a Ki67 proliferation index of ≥ 20 % were associated with shorter OS. Strong MITF immunoreactivity was a predictor for favorable prognosis. A combination of these four markers resulted in a multi‐marker score with significant prognostic value in multivariate survival analysis (HR: 3.704; 95 % CI 1.484 to 9.246; p = 0.005). Furthermore, the score was able to differentiate a low‐risk group with excellent OS rates (five‐year survival rate: 100 %), an intermediate‐risk group (five‐year survival rate: 81.8 %) and a high‐risk group (five‐year survival rate: 52.6 %). The prognostic value was confirmed within the validation cohort.ConclusionsCombined immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl‐2, nuclear S100A4, Ki67 and MITF could contribute to better risk stratification of early‐stage malignant melanoma patients.
Immunhistochemische Analyse von Bcl‐2, nukleärem S100A4, MITF und Ki67 zur Risikostratifizierung von Melanomen im Frühstadium – ein kombinierter immunhistochemischer Score
Authors: Jurmeister Philipp , Bockmayr Michael , Treese Christoph , Stein Ulrike , Lenze Dido , Jöhrens Korinna , Friedling Franziska , Dietel Manfred , Klauschen Frederick , Marsch Wolfgang , Fiedler Eckhard , von Laffert Maximilian 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielsetzungPatienten mit malignen Melanomen im Frühstadium haben ein unterschiedliches Gesamtüberleben. Derzeit existieren keine etablierten prognostischen Marker. Unser Ziel war es, zu einem besseren Verständnis der potenziell prognostischen immunhistochemischen Marker für die Risikostratifizierung beizutragen.Patienten und Methoden161 operativ entfernte maligne Melanome (Stadien pT1 und pT2) wurden immunhistochemisch auf die Expression von 20 verschiedenen Proteinen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit dem Gesamtüberleben korreliert. Die Kohorte wurde randomisiert in eine Entdeckungs‐ und eine Validierungskohorte aufgeteilt.ErgebnisseEine hohe Bcl‐2‐Expression, eine hohe nukleäre S100A4‐Expression und ein Ki67‐Proliferationsindex von ≥ 20 % waren mit einem kürzeren Gesamtüberleben assoziiert. Eine starke MITF‐Immunreaktivität erwies sich als prädiktiv für eine gute Prognose. Die Kombination dieser vier Marker ergab einen Multimarker‐Score mit signifikantem prognostischem Wert in der multivariaten Überlebensanalyse (HR: 3,704; 95 %‐KI 1,484–9,246; p = 0,005). Zusätzlich gelang es mit dem Score, drei prognostische Gruppen zu identifizieren: eine Niedrigrisikogruppe mit sehr guten Gesamtüberlebensraten (Fünf‐Jahres‐Überlebensrate 100 %), eine Gruppe mit mittlerem Risiko (Fünf‐Jahres‐Überlebensrate 81,8 %) und eine Hochrisikogruppe (Fünf‐Jahres‐Überlebensrate 52,6 %). Der prognostische Aussagewert bestätigte sich in der Validierungskohorte.SchlussfolgerungenDie kombinierte immunhistochemische Analyse von Bcl‐2, nukleärem S100A4, Ki67 und MITF könnte zu einer besseren Risikostratifizierung bei Patienten mit malignen Melanomen im Frühstadium beitragen.
Transgenerational effects benefit offspring across diverse environments: a meta‐analysis in plants and animals
Authors: Yin Junjie , Zhou Ming , Lin Zeru , Li Qingshun Q. , Zhang Yuan‐Ye 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe adaptive value of transgenerational effects (the ancestor environmental effects on offspring) in changing environments has received much attention in recent years, but the related empirical evidence remains equivocal. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis summarising 139 experimental studies in plants and animals with 1170 effect sizes to investigate the generality of transgenerational effects across taxa, traits, and environmental contexts. It was found that transgenerational effects generally enhanced offspring performance in response to both stressful and benign conditions. The strongest effects are in annual plants and invertebrates, whereas vertebrates appear to benefit mostly under benign conditions, and perennial plants show hardly any transgenerational responses at all. These differences among taxonomic/life‐history groups possibly reflect that vertebrates can avoid stressful conditions through their mobility, and longer‐lived plants have alternative strategies. In addition to environmental contexts and taxonomic/life‐history groups, transgenerational effects also varied among traits and developmental stages of ancestors and offspring, but the effects were similarly strong across three generations of offspring. By way of a more comprehensive data set and a different effect size, our results differ from those of a recent meta‐analysis, suggesting that transgenerational effects are widespread, strong and persistent and can substantially impact the responses of plants and animals to changing environments.
Android application behavioural analysis for data leakage
Authors: Shrivastava Gulshan , Kumar Prabhat 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn android application requires specific permissions from the user to access the system resources and perform required functionalities. Recently, the android market has experienced exponential growth, which leads to malware applications. These applications are purposefully developed by hackers to access private data of the users and adversely affect the application usability. A suitable tool to detect malware is urgently needed, as malware may harm the user. As both malware and clean applications require similar types of permissions, so it becomes a very challenging task to differentiate between them. A novel algorithm is proposed to identify the malware‐based applications by probing the permission patterns. The proposed method uses the k‐means algorithm to quarantine the malware application by obtaining permission clusters. An efficiency of 90% (approx.) is attained for malicious behaviour, which validates this work. This work substantiates the use of application permissions for potential applications in android malware detection.
Extensive land cover change across Arctic–Boreal Northwestern North America from disturbance and climate forcing
Authors: Wang Jonathan A. , Sulla‐Menashe Damien , Woodcock Curtis E. , Sonnentag Oliver , Keeling Ralph F. , Friedl Mark A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA multitude of disturbance agents, such as wildfires, land use, and climate‐driven expansion of woody shrubs, is transforming the distribution of plant functional types across Arctic–Boreal ecosystems, which has significant implications for interactions and feedbacks between terrestrial ecosystems and climate in the northern high‐latitude. However, because the spatial resolution of existing land cover datasets is too coarse, large‐scale land cover changes in the Arctic–Boreal region (ABR) have been poorly characterized. Here, we use 31 years (1984–2014) of moderate spatial resolution (30 m) satellite imagery over a region spanning 4.7 × 106 km2 in Alaska and northwestern Canada to characterize regional‐scale ABR land cover changes. We find that 13.6 ± 1.3% of the domain has changed, primarily via two major modes of transformation: (a) simultaneous disturbance‐driven decreases in Evergreen Forest area (−14.7 ± 3.0% relative to 1984) and increases in Deciduous Forest area (+14.8 ± 5.2%) in the Boreal biome; and (b) climate‐driven expansion of Herbaceous and Shrub vegetation (+7.4 ± 2.0%) in the Arctic biome. By using time series of 30 m imagery, we characterize dynamics in forest and shrub cover occurring at relatively short spatial scales (hundreds of meters) due to fires, harvest, and climate‐induced growth that are not observable in coarse spatial resolution (e.g., 500 m or greater pixel size) imagery. Wildfires caused most of Evergreen Forest Loss and Evergreen Forest Gain and substantial areas of Deciduous Forest Gain. Extensive shifts in the distribution of plant functional types at multiple spatial scales are consistent with observations of increased atmospheric CO2 seasonality and ecosystem productivity at northern high‐latitudes and signal continental‐scale shifts in the structure and function of northern high‐latitude ecosystems in response to climate change.
DMPP reduced nitrification, but not annual N2O emissions from mineral fertilizer applied to oilseed rape on a sandy loam soil
Authors: Thers Henrik , Petersen Søren O. , Elsgaard Lars 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDirect field emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) may determine whether biodiesel from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) fulfills the EU requirement of at least 50% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as compared to fossil diesel. However, only few studies have documented fertilizer N emission factors (EF) and mitigation options for N2O emissions from oilseed rape cropping systems. We conducted a field experiment with three N levels (0, 171, and 217 kg/ha), where the N fertilizer was applied as ammonium sulfate nitrate with or without the nitrification inhibitor 3,4‐dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP). N2O fluxes were measured using static chambers technique and soil samples were analyzed for water and mineral N content during a monitoring period of 368 days. The DMPP treatments showed a significantly increased level of ammonium () for up to 18 weeks after spring fertilization as compared to the treatments without DMPP. However, this difference did not result in a corresponding decrease in soil content, and no differences in cumulative N2O emissions were found between any fertilized treatments with or without DMPP (mean, 1.26 kg N2O‐N ha−1 year−1). More field experiments are needed to clarify whether DMPP‐coated mineral fertilizers could mitigate N2O emissions under different weather conditions, for example, under conditions where fertilization events concurred with rainfall events increasing water‐filled pore space to the assumed 60% threshold for denitrification. Emission factors for mineral N fertilizer were 0.28%–0.36% with a mean of 0.32% across the fertilized treatments. These data concur with recent European studies suggesting that the EF for mineral N fertilizers in oilseed rape cropping systems may typically be lower than the default IPCC value of 1%. Further studies are needed to consolidate an EF for oilseed rape under temperate conditions, which will be determining for the sustainability of Northern European oilseed rape cultivation for biodiesel.