bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium butyrate‐activated TRAF6‐TXNIP pathway affects A549 cells proliferation and migration
Authors: Xiao Xiaoqiang , Xu Yanxuan , Chen Haoyu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTNF receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) promotes the development of human lung cancer through bridging RAS and NF‐kB pathways; on the other hand, thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) suppresses the growth of tumors. However, the crosstalk between TRAF6 and TXNIP in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently unclear. Here, we found that TXNIP expression induced by sodium butyrate (NaBu) was TRAF6‐dependent. Moreover, TXNIP interacted with TRAF6 via its PPxY motif. Polyubiquitylation analysis with wild‐type or mutant (Cysteine70 to Alanine) of TRAF6 further showed TRAF6 ubiquitylated TXNIP. NaBu reinforced the interaction of TRAF6/TXNIP as well as TXNIP’ polyubiquitylation. Moreover, treated with NaBu, the A549 cells with TRAF6/TXNIP double knockdown showed an enhanced protein expression of E‐cadherin comparing to cells with single gene or negative knockdown. The experimental results of transwell and nude mice xenograft showed that knocking down both TRAF6 and TXNIP in A549 cells affected its migration and proliferation compared to that of single knockdown or negative control cells. On the other hand, TXNIP localization was different depending on the cell types and fused‐tag (eg, FLAG or GFP). Our results revealed TRAF6 regulated the expression and polyubiquitylation of TXNIP in a NaBu‐dependent manner, alleviating tumorigenesis of TRAF6.
Situs inversus Totalis: Always recall the uncommon
Authors: Tsoucalas Gregory , Thomaidis Vasilios , Fiska Aliki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSitus inversus totalis has been reported as a rare entity. The detailed knowledge of the human structure and its anatomical variations is of great importance for the daily clinical practice and even more critical in emergency medicine. Such a condition may elude in routine patient evaluation or an urgent interventional procedure, with potentially fatal results.
Lost and found! Tooth fragment reattachment after 8 Mo of trauma
Authors: Mani Kakkunath Sudheesh , Katta Nandini Kumari , Shankar Yelamanchi Ravi , Mandava Deepthi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThorough clinical and radiographic evaluation of patient following orofacial trauma is indispensable for a successful outcome, and when the tooth fragment is available in a good condition, then fragment reattachment is the best choice of treatment.
Review on DFT calculation of s‐triazine‐based carbon nitride
Authors: Zhu Bicheng , Cheng Bei , Zhang Liuyang , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo improve the photocatalytic performance of pristine photocatalysts, element doping, construction of composites and fabrication of novel nanostructures are recognized as universal modification methods. These methods have been experimentally verified to be effective in manifold photocatalytic application over various photocatalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation is a powerful and fundamental tool to pinpoint the intrinsic mechanism of the enhanced photocatalytic activity. And it holds the degree of precision ranging from atoms, molecules to unit cells. Herein, recent DFT calculation research progress of modified s‐triazine‐based graphitic carbon nitride (g–C3N4) systems as photocatalysts is summarized. To specify, we collected information of doping site, formation energy, geometric, and electronic properties. We also discussed the synergistic effect of work function, Fermi level and band edge position on the built‐in electric field, transfer route of photogenerated charge carriers and photocatalytic mechanism (traditional type II or direct Z‐scheme heterostructure). Moreover, we analyzed the geometric configuration, band structure, and stability of g–C3N4 nanocluster, nanoribbon, and nanotube. Finally, future perspective in the further theoretical revelation of g–C3N4‐based photocatalysts is proposed.
Ten years of carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts
Authors: Paul Rajib , Dai Quanbin , Hu Chuangang , Dai Liming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince the discovery of the first carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts (C‐MFECs, i.e., N‐doped carbon nanotubes) for the oxygen reduction reaction in 2009, the field of C‐MFECs has grown enormously over the last 10 years. C‐MFECs, as alternatives to nonprecious transition metals and/or precious noble metal‐based electrocatalysts, have been consistently demonstrated as efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen reduction, and many other (electro‐) chemical reactions. Recent research and development of C‐MFECs have indicated their potential applications in fuel cells, metal‐air batteries, and hydrogen generation through water oxidation as well as electrochemical production of various commodity chemicals, such as ammonia, alcohols, hydrogen peroxide, and other useful hydrocarbons. Further research and development of C‐MFECs would surely revolutionize traditional energy conversion and storage technologies with minimal environmental impact. In this short review article, we summarize the journey of C‐MFECs over the past 10 years with an emphasis on materials development and their structure‐property characterization for applications in fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Current challenges and future prospects of this emerging field are also discussed.
Shared decision‐making for older adults with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Backman Warren D. , Levine Sharon A. , Wenger Nanette K. , Harold John Gordon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractShared decision‐making is appropriate for clinical decisions involving multiple reasonable options, which occur frequently in the cardiovascular care of older adults. The process includes the communication of relevant factual information between the patient and the clinician, elicitation of patient preferences, and a mutual agreement on the best course of action to meet the patient's personal goals. For older adults, there are common challenges and considerations with regard to shared decision‐making, some of which (eg, cognitive impairment) may be biologically linked to cardiovascular disease. There are tools designed to facilitate the shared decision‐making process, known as decision aids, which are broadly effective although have shortcomings when applied to older adults. Novel approaches in clinical research and health systems changes will go some way toward improving shared decision‐making for older adults, but the greatest scope for improvement may be within the grass roots areas of communication skills, interdisciplinary teamwork, and simply asking our patients what matters most.
New‐onset atrial fibrillation predicting for complicating cardiac adverse outcome in scrub typhus infection
Authors: Jang Suk‐Yong , Kang Ki‐Woon , Kim Jun Hyung , Kim Bongyoung , Chin Jung Yeon , Park Sang Hyun , Choi Yu Jeong , Jung Kyung Tae , Lee Seong‐Kyu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundScrub typhus is a well‐known infectious disorder of the Asia‐Pacific region. However, adverse cardiac outcomes are an under‐recognized complication of scrub typhus infection, and new‐onset AF has been reported to be a prognostic factor in other, more common infectious diseases. The present study investigated whether new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is significantly associated with 3‐month mortality and adverse cardiac complications in scrub typhus infection.MethodsWe examined data from the National Health Information Database (NHID) which covers nearly the entire population of South Korea, from 2006 to 2016. In total, 233 473 patients diagnosed with scrub typhus infection were selected as study participants. New‐onset AF, acute heart failure (AHF), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and 3‐month mortality were analyzed using a generalized estimating equation model with a Poisson distribution.ResultsOf these, 2402 patients (1%) were diagnosed with new‐onset AF (87.2% were over 60 years of age, 43.3% were male). Those with new‐onset AF were more likely to have underlying cardiovascular disease compared to those without new‐onset AF. After being adjusted for demographic factors and comorbidities, those with new‐onset AF had a higher incidence risk of concurrent AHF (4.1‐fold) and IHD (1.9‐fold) compared with those without new‐onset AF. In particular, the 3‐month mortality was also significantly associated with new‐onset AF (1.3‐fold), concurrent AHF (2.4‐fold), and IHD (13.7‐fold).ConclusionsNew‐onset AF was significantly associated with 3‐month mortality and concurrent AHF and IHD. Therefore, new‐onset AF could be a poor prognostic factor for 3‐month mortality and cardiac complications in scrub typhus infection.
Health care utilization and steroid‐refractory toxicities from immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Wang Laura X. , Quach Henry T. , Moodabigil Nikil V. , Davis Elizabeth J. , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Dusetzina Stacie B. , Johnson Douglas B. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundAnti–programmed death protein 1 (anti–PD‐1) agents have transformed the treatment of advanced melanoma and other cancers, but the rates of steroid‐refractory toxicities and health care utilization are not well described. This study assessed these endpoints in patients with melanoma treated with anti–PD‐1 with or without ipilimumab.MethodsThis study retrospectively evaluated 344 patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti–PD‐1 or a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab at Vanderbilt University Medical Center from 2009 to 2018. The incidence, types, grades, management, and outcomes of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) and hospitalizations for irAEs and disease progression were assessed.ResultsPatients on combination therapy were more likely to develop irAEs than those on monotherapy (72% vs 37%; P < .001) and were more likely to require systemic steroids (61% vs 20%; P < .001), steroid dose re‐escalation (23% vs 6%; P < .001), and second‐line immunosuppressive use (17% vs 2%; P < .001) and to suffer high‐dose steroid–refractory toxicities (23% vs 3%; P < .001). Combination‐treated patients were more likely to have any hospitalization (32% vs 7%; P < .001) or multiple hospitalizations for irAEs (11% vs 3%; P = .001) and had a longer average time of hospitalization (mean, 1.92 vs 0.62 days; P = .002). Among 176 hospitalizations related to disease progression in patients who died during evaluable follow‐up, 69% occurred within the 90 days before death. Early hospitalizations for disease‐related reasons portended a very poor prognosis (median time from admission to death, 58 days).ConclusionsPatients treated with a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab had higher rates of hospitalization and steroid‐refractory toxicities than those treated with anti–PD‐1 monotherapy. Disease‐associated hospitalizations were similar between the 2 groups, portended a poor prognosis, and mostly occurred in the last months of life.
In Situ Visualization of Telomere Length, Telomere Elongation, and TERT Expression in Single Cells
Authors: Ravindranathan Ajay , Diolaiti Morgan E. , Cimini Beth A. , Stohr Bradley A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTelomerase plays a critical role in cancer and aging by adding hexa‐nucleotide repeats to the ends of telomeres and extending the cellular proliferative lifespan. The very low level of telomerase expression in most cell populations and the difficulty of detecting telomere elongation in single cells have limited the study of telomerase expression and function in individual cells of a heterogeneous population. The method described in this article combines single‐molecule detection (RNAscope) of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) with our previously described TSQ1 assay for in situ monitoring of telomere extension, thereby enabling detection of TERT expression, telomere length, and telomere elongation in single cells and providing a unique approach for studying the factors that regulate telomere elongation by telomerase. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: TSQ1 lentivirus productionBasic Protocol 2: TSQ1 lentiviral infection and platingBasic Protocol 3: RNAscope analysisBasic Protocol 4: TSQ1 PNA‐FISH detection
Small Molecule Interactome Mapping by Photo‐Affinity Labeling (SIM‐PAL) to Identify Binding Sites of Small Molecules on a Proteome‐Wide Scale
Authors: Flaxman Hope A. , Miyamoto David K. , Woo Christina M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIdentification and characterization of small molecule–protein interactions is critical to understanding the mechanism of action of bioactive small molecules. Photo‐affinity labeling (PAL) enables the capture of noncovalent interactions for enrichment and unbiased analysis by mass spectrometry (MS). Quantitative proteomics of the enriched proteome reveals potential interactions, and MS characterization of binding sites provides validation and structural insight into the interactions. Here, we describe the identification of the protein targets and binding sites of a small molecule using small molecule interactome mapping by PAL (SIM‐PAL). Cells are exposed to a diazirine‐alkyne‐functionalized small molecule, and binding interactions are covalently captured upon UV irradiation. An isotopically coded, acid‐cleavable biotin azide handle is attached to the conjugated proteins using copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition. Biotin‐labeled proteins are enriched for on‐bead digestion and quantitative proteomics. Acid cleavage of the handle releases the bead‐bound conjugated peptides for MS analysis and isotope‐directed assignment of the binding site. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Generation of a small molecule–conjugated protein sample following treatment of live cellsAlternate Protocol: Generation of a small molecule–conjugated protein sample following treatment of cell lysateBasic Protocol 2: Copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition functionalization and enrichment of labeled peptidesSupport Protocol 1: Synthesis of acid‐cleavable, isotopically coded biotin picolyl azide handleSupport Protocol 2: Monitoring enrichment by immunoblottingBasic Protocol 3: Mass spectrometry analysis to identify interacting proteins and conjugation sites
Predominant east to west colonizations across major oceanic barriers: Insights into the phylogeographic history of the hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea, suggested by a mitochondrial DNA barcoding marker
Authors: Moura Carlos J. , Collins Allen G. , Santos Ricardo S. , Lessios Harilaos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe provide preliminary insights into the global phylogeographic and evolutionary patterns across species of the hydrozoan superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). We analyzed 1,114 16S sequences of 198 putative species of Plumularioidea collected worldwide. We investigated genetic connections and divergence in relation to present‐day and ancient biogeographic barriers, climate changes and oceanic circulation. Geographical distributions of most species are generally more constrained than previously assumed. Some species able to raft are dispersed widely. Human‐mediated dispersal explains some wide geographical ranges. Trans‐Atlantic genetic connections are presently unlikely for most of the tropical‐temperate species, but were probably more frequent until the Miocene–Pliocene transition, before restriction of the Tethys Sea and the Central American Seaway. Trans‐Atlantic colonizations were predominantly directed westwards through (sub)tropical waters. The Azores were colonized multiple times and through different routes, mainly from the east Atlantic, at least since the Pliocene. Extant geminate clades separated by the Isthmus of Panama have predominantly Atlantic origin. Various ancient colonizations mainly directed from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic occurred through the Tethys Sea and around South Africa in periods of lower intensity of the Benguela upwelling. Thermal tolerance, population sizes, dispersal strategies, oceanic currents, substrate preference, and land barriers are important factors for dispersal and speciation of marine hydroids.
Not going with the flow: Locomotor activity does not constrain immunity in a wild fish
Authors: Masud Numair , Synnott Rebecca , Hablützel Pascal I. , Friberg Ida M. , Cable Joanne , Jackson Joseph A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImmunity is a central component of fitness in wild animals, but its determinants are poorly understood. In particular, the importance of locomotory activity as a constraint on immunity is unresolved. Using a piscine model (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we combined a 25‐month observational time series for a wild lotic habitat with an open flume experiment to determine the influence of locomotor activity (countercurrent swimming) on natural variation in immune function. To maximize the detectability of effects in our flume experiment, we set flow velocity and duration (10 cm/s for 48 hr) just below the point at which exhaustion would ensue. Following this treatment, we measured expression in a set of immune‐associated genes and infectious disease resistance through a standard challenge with an ecologically relevant monogenean infection (Gyrodactylus gasterostei). In the wild, there was a strong association of water flow with the expression of immune‐associated genes, but this association became modest and more complex when adjusted for thermal effects. Our flume experiment, although statistically well‐powered and based on a scenario near the limits of swimming performance in stickleback, detected no countercurrent swimming effect on immune‐associated gene expression or infection resistance. The field association between flow rate and immune expression could thus be due to an indirect effect, and we tentatively advance hypotheses to explain this. This study clarifies the drivers of immune investment in wild vertebrates; although locomotor activity, within the normal natural range, may not directly influence immunocompetence, it may still correlate with other variables that do.
Different ways to die in a changing world: Consequences of climate change for tree species performance and survival through an ecophysiological perspective
Authors: Menezes‐Silva Paulo Eduardo , Loram‐Lourenço Lucas , Alves Rauander Douglas Ferreira Barros , Sousa Letícia Ferreira , Almeida Sabrina Emanuella da Silva , Farnese Fernanda Santos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic activities such as uncontrolled deforestation and increasing greenhouse gas emissions are responsible for triggering a series of environmental imbalances that affect the Earth's complex climate dynamics. As a consequence of these changes, several climate models forecast an intensification of extreme weather events over the upcoming decades, including heat waves and increasingly severe drought and flood episodes. The occurrence of such extreme weather will prompt profound changes in several plant communities, resulting in massive forest dieback events that can trigger a massive loss of biodiversity in several biomes worldwide. Despite the gravity of the situation, our knowledge regarding how extreme weather events can undermine the performance, survival, and distribution of forest species remains very fragmented. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a broad and integrated perspective of the main biochemical, physiological, and morpho‐anatomical disorders that may compromise the performance and survival of forest species exposed to climate change factors, particularly drought, flooding, and global warming. In addition, we also discuss the controversial effects of high CO2 concentrations in enhancing plant growth and reducing the deleterious effects of some extreme climatic events. We conclude with a discussion about the possible effects that the factors associated with the climate change might have on species distribution and forest composition.
Minimum sample sizes for invasion genomics: Empirical investigation in an invasive whitefly
Authors: Qu Wan‐Mei , Liang Ni , Wu Zi‐Ku , Zhao You‐Gang , Chu Dong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnalysis of population genetics provides insights into the evolutionary processes, among which the sample size choice is per se a crucial issue in the analysis. Genome‐wide high‐throughput techniques based on RADseq have been increasingly used in studies on the population genomics of invasive species. However, there is little information available regarding optimal sample sizes for analyzing population genomics of invasive species. In this study, we first use type IIB endonucleases restriction site‐associated DNA (2b‐RAD) to mine thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for native and introduced populations in Q1 clade (SPB and 17JN) and Q2 clade (ISQ and UAS0601) of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MED (also known as B. tabaci biotype Q). Then, we used resampling techniques to create simulated populations with a random subset of individuals and 3,000 SNPs to determine how many individuals should be sampled for accurate estimates of intra‐ and interpopulation genetic diversity. We calculated the intrapopulation genetic diversity parameters (unbiased expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, and the number of effect alleles) and pairwise genetic differentiation FST; finally, an ad hoc statistic, ΔK, was used to determine the optimal value. Our results showed that a sample size greater than four individuals (n ≥ 4) has little impact on estimates of genetic diversity within whitefly populations; moreover, precise estimate of FST can be easily achieved at a very small simple size (n = 3 or 4). Our results will provide in‐depth understanding of the optimization of sampling schemes in population genomics of invasive species.
Morphological characterization and phylogenetic relationships of Indochinese box turtles—The Cuora galbinifrons complex
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Li Wei , Ye Zhaoyang , Zhu Yanyu , Hong Xiaoyou , Zhu Xinping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe members of the Indochinese box turtle complex, namely Cuora galbinifrons, Cuora bourreti, and Cuora picturata, rank the most critically endangered turtle species on earth after more than three decades of over‐harvesting for food, traditional Chinese medicine, and pet markets. Despite advances in molecular biology, species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships, the status of the C. galbinifrons complex remains unresolved due to the small number of specimens observed and collected in the field. In this study, we present analyses of morphologic characters as well as mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data to reconstruct the species boundaries and systematic relationships within the C. galbinifrons complex. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and statistical analysis, we found that phenotypic traits partially overlapped among galbinifrons, bourreti, and picturata, and that galbinifrons and bourreti might be only subspecifically distinct. Moreover, we used the mitochondrial genome, COI, and nuclear gene Rag1 under the maximum likelihood criteria and Bayesian inference criteria to elucidate whether C. galbinifrons could be divided into three separate species or subspecies. We found strong support for a sister relationship between picturata and the other two species, and consequently, we recommend maintaining picturata as a full species, and classifying bourreti and galbinifrons as subspecies of C. galbinifrons. These findings provide evidence for a better understanding of the evolutionary histories of these critically endangered turtles.