bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test Case Prioritization Based on Early Fault Detection Technique
Authors: Yadav Dharmveer K. , Dutta Sandip 
Published: April 2019

Background:
In Regression testing when any changes made to already tested program it should not
affect to other part of program. When some part of code is modified then it is necessary to validate the modified
code. In the life cycle of software development, regression testing is an important and expensive activity.

Objective:
Our objective is to save regression testing time by reducing the cost and time of retesting of the
modified code as well as affected components of the program. Objective is to prioritize the test case for object
oriented program based on early fault detection.

Methods:
A new model is proposed using fuzzy inference system for regression testing. This paper presents a
fuzzy inference system based on the use of inputs like fault detection rate, execution time and requirement coverage.
The proposed system allows tester to prioritize test case based on linguistic rules.

Results:
In this paper performance is measured by using Average Percentage Fault Detection metric. We analysed
for both prioritized and non-prioritized test suite using average percentage fault detection metric.

Conclusion:
We developed fuzzy expert model which helps to takes better decision than other expert system
for regression testing. We conclude that, prioritization of test case will decrease the regression testing time.
Enhanced Adaptive Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (EADEEC) for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Poluru Ravi Kumar , Reddy M. Praveen Kumar , Basha Syed Muzamil , Patan Rizwan , Kallam Suresh 
Published: April 2019

Background:Recently Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a composed of a full number of arbitrarily dispensed energy-constrained sensor nodes. The sensor nodes help in sensing the data and then it will transmit it to sink. The Base station will produce a significant amount of energy while accessing the sensing data and transmitting data. High energy is required to move towards base station when sensing and transmitting data. WSN possesses significant challenges like saving energy and extending network lifetime. In WSN the most research goals in routing protocols such as robustness, energy efficiency, high reliability, network lifetime, fault tolerance, deployment of nodes and latency. Most of the routing protocols are based upon clustering has been proposed using heterogeneity. For optimizing energy consumption in WSN, a vital technique referred to as clustering.Methods:To improve the lifetime of network and stability we have proposed an Enhanced Adaptive Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (EADEEC).Results:In simulation results describes the protocol performs better regarding network lifetime and packet delivery capacity compared to EEDEC and DEEC algorithm. Stability period and network lifetime are improved in EADEEC compare to DEEC and EDEEC.Conclusion:The EADEEC is overall Lifetime of a cluster is improved to perform the network operation: Data transfer, Node Lifetime and stability period of the cluster. EADEEC protocol evidently tells that it improved the throughput, extended the lifetime of network, longevity, and stability compared with DEEC and EDEEC.
The Effectiveness of Environmental Interpretation in Influencing Visitors’ Knowledge in Kinabalu Park
Authors: Ching Goh Hong , Wan Mohamad Ariffin Wan Nur Syazana 
Published: April 2019

Protected areas are established for conservation of unique and pristine environment. Although protected, they are subjected to possible environmental and social impacts due to increasing tourism activities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Kinabalu Park's environmental interpretation in mitigating these impacts through the assessment of visitors’ knowledge. Visitors' knowledge was compared between those who were exposed (post-visit) and not exposed to the interpretive programs (pre-visit). Overall, environmental interpretation in Kinabalu Park is partially successful in influencing visitors' knowledge related to general facts as post-vist samples indicated higher level of knowledge. However, there were no differences in their knowledge related to scientific aspect.
Keywords: environmental interpretation; knowledge; protected areas; repeat visitors
eISSN 2514-751X © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v4i13.344
Optional Web-Based Videoconferencing Added to Office-Based Care for Women Receiving Psychotherapy During the Postpartum Period: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Rebecca , Vigod Simone N , Hensel Jennifer M 
Published: April 2019

Background
Depression and anxiety during the postpartum period are common, with psychotherapy often being the preferred method of treatment. However, psychological, physical, and social barriers prevent women from receiving appropriate and timely psychotherapy. The option of receiving psychotherapy through videoconferencing (VC) during the postpartum period presents an opportunity for more accessible and flexible care.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of optional VC added to usual office-based psychotherapy, with a psychotherapist during the postpartum period.

Methods
We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial with 1:1 randomization to office-based care (treatment as usual; TAU) or office-based care with the option of VC (treatment as usual plus videoconferencing; TAU-VC) for psychotherapy during the postpartum period. We assessed the ability to recruit and retain postpartum women into the study from an urban perinatal mental health program offering postpartum psychotherapy, and we evaluated the uptake, acceptability, and satisfaction with VC as an addition to in-person psychotherapy. We also compared therapy attendance using therapist logs and symptoms between treatment groups. Symptoms were assessed at baseline and 3 months postrandomization with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item, and Parental Stress Scale. Furthermore, 3-month scores were compared between groups with intention-to-treat linear mixed-effects models controlling for baseline score.

Results
We enrolled 38 participants into the study, with 19 participants in each treatment group. Attendance data were available for all participants, with follow-up symptom measures available for 25 out of 38 participants (66%). Among the 19 TAU-VC participants, 14 participants (74%) utilized VC at least once. Most participants were highly satisfied with the VC option, and they reported average savings of Can $26 and 2.5 hours in travel and childcare expenses and time per appointment. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups for psychotherapy attendance or symptoms.

Conclusions
The option of VC appears to be an acceptable method of receiving psychotherapy for postpartum women, with benefits described in costs and time savings. On the basis of this small pilot sample, there were no significant differences in outcomes between office-based care with or without the option of VC. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of such a program in an urban center, which suggests that a larger study would be beneficial to provide evidence that is more conclusive.
Comparative study on prophylactic antibiotic versus empirical antibiotic in prevention of surgical site infection
Authors: Rajarajan S , Sreelekshmi Devi T.H. , Simon Neeshma Mariam , Navin Shankar K.R. , Ganesan V. 
Published: April 2019

The main aim of the study was to comparative study of single dose prophylactic antibiotic versus empirical postoperative antibiotics in prevention of surgical site infection. The study was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 8months. A total of 100 number of surgery cases were selected randomly, to groups of 50 each. The study group received a single dose of antibiotic preoperatively while the control group received 3 to 5 days of empirical antibiotic therapy. Data analysis and statistical analysis was done with the help of graph pad prism trial version software. Student t test was carried out for paired analysis to find P value. There was no significant association of surgical site infection, grades of infection, and other complications. The hospital stay of patients, cost to the patients, and number of antibiotics used in patients were significantly more. The single dose prophylactic antibiotics are better than empirical post operative therapy in reducing the hospital stay and hospital cost to patients. Since the complete eradication of surgical site infection is not possible, only the reduction in infection rate can be achieved to a minimal level.
Keywords: Prophylactic antibiotics, surgical site infection, surgical complications, post operative antibiotics.
Effect of garlic extract on mortality and biochemical parameters of fresh water fishes Heteropneustes fossilis against Cypermethrin
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Zahra Kaneez 
Published: April 2019

To find out the effect of garlic extract (GE) on mortality different concentrations of GE (1ml/l, 2ml/l, 5ml/l & 10ml/l) were administered along with the LC50 values of cypermethrin after 24, 48, 72 & 96 h exposures and 10 ml/l of GE was found to be effective at which no mortality occurred. To analyze the effect of GE on biochemical parameters after acute exposure of cypermethrin, fishes were divided into 4 groups of 10 fishes each. Ist group served as control, IInd, IIIrd and IVth group were treated with toxicant (24h LC50), GE (10ml/l) and toxicant + GE respectively. Same protocol was employed using 48-96 h LC50 values & 10ml/l GE. For chronic toxicity experiments fishes were divided into 4 groups of 10 fishes each. Ist group taken as control, IInd group contained 1/10th of 96 h LC50 of CYP, IIIrd group contained 10ml/l GE and in IVth group GE (10ml/l) + CYP (1/10th of 96 h LC50) for 15 days. Experiments were also carried out after 30 and 45 days exposure by same protocol. After acute and chronic exposure periods blood samples were collected, centrifuged and serum was separated to analyze biochemical parameters. Increased level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, ACP, Creatinine, and Blood Glucose were observed during both acute and chronic exposure. Activity of Total protein was found to be decreased following acute and chronic exposure. Level of Uric acid increased in acute exposure but decreased during chronic exposure. However, garlic extract supplementation showed a remarkable reduction to these changes and all the parameters tends to become normalize. Our data indicate that garlic is a powerful antioxidant against cypermethrin induced toxicity.
Keywords: Cypermethrin, Garlic extract, Heteropneustus fossilis, LC50.
Review on Bioactive and Antioxidant Potential of Coloured Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Patel Sarvesh , Chaubey Manoj Kumar , Das Ishwar , Pandey V. N. 
Published: April 2019

The colour of fruits and vegetables represent a lot about their nutritional value. These nutritional values are due to presence of bioactive substances like vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and phytochemicals. Among natural dietary supplements, fruits and vegetables, in spite of low in calorific value, play very important role in human diet as a major source of biologically active compounds. Now a days, fruits and vegetables are gaining popularity and new ways of using as nutraceutical, antioxidants and medicines for treating diabetes, atherosclerosis, mastitis, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, foot and mouth disease, gastric disorders, night blindness, skin allergies, hypersensitivity reaction, food poisoning, retention of placenta etc. The medicinal benefits are suitable for both the human as well as animals, being cost economic without side effect. The North Eastern Terai region of Uttar Pradesh harbors green lush vegetation having coloured fruits and vegetables. Till date 25 fruits and 21 vegetables plants are reported, which have enormous biological power and potential of nutraceutically active biomolecules. Therefore, the present study has undertaken to ascertain the possibilities of nutraceutical potential of coloured fruits and vegetables.
Keywords; Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Phytochemicals, Bioactive molecule.
Floating Oral In-Situ Gel: A Review
Authors: Bashir Rabiah , Majeed Asmat , Ali Tabasum , Farooq Saeema , Khan Nisar Ahmad 
Published: April 2019

The drugs having a narrow absorption window in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) when administered by oral route are often limited by poor bioavailability due to incomplete drug release and short residence time at the site of absorption. Novel drug delivery systems in the form of gastroretentive systems such as floating systems, mucoadhesive, high-density, expandable have been developed as they provide controlled delivery of drugs with prolonged gastric residence time. Liquid orals are more prone to low bioavailability because they are eliminated quickly from the stomach since they are subjected to faster transit from the stomach/ duodenum. The problems of immediate release and short gastrointestinal residence of liquids are eliminated by formulating as oral in situ gels as they provide the best means to overcome these problems The in situ gel dosage form is a liquid before administration and after it comes in contact with gastric contents due to one or more mechanisms gets converted to gel which floats on gastric contents. This achieves increased residence as well as sustained release. This approach is useful for systemic as well as local effect of drugs administered. This review gives a brief idea about floating oral in-situ gel formation and research done by various scientists on a number of drugs and polymers.
Keywords: Floating drug delivery, gastric retention time, In-situ gel.
Analytical method development and validation of assay test of pravastatin sodium tablets
Authors: Shinde Ashvini C , Devhadrao Nitin V , Bansode Ashwini S , Bansode Ajit S 
Published: April 2019

A simple, accurate, precise and stability indicating Ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of pravastatin sodium in tablet dosage form. The separation was carried on Acquity UPLC ® HSS C18, 2.1 × 100mm, 1.8µm ID column, with mobile phase comprising of mixture of pH 5.5 buffer: methanol in the ratio of 30 : 70 v/v, as the mobile phase at a flow rate 0.2 ml/min and the detection was carried out using UV-visible detector at 238nm. The method was validated by evaluation of different parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity, ruggedness, robustness, filter equivalency, solution stability. The retention time were found to be 1.5 min. Calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficient (r2) 0.999. The Percent assay of Pravastatin sodium tablet was found to be 98.4%. The developed methods were validated as per the ICH guidelines.
Keywords: Pravastatin sodium (PVS), UPLC, Method Validation.
The traditional medicine and phytoconstituents from natural products for liver disease: A review
Authors: Ali Tabasum , Shah Zahida , Bashir Rabiah , Bader G.N. 
Published: April 2019

To combat a variety of liver ailments medicinal plants may serve as a vital source because of presence of pharmacologically active phytoconstituents. It is very interesting to note that there is no drug available in the modem system of medicine for treating hepatic disorders; only certain herbal preparations are available to treat this quite vulnerable disease. A large number of plants with hepatoprotective activity are present but only handful of herbs have such scientific support. Herbal medicines have been used to alleviate liver disorders for many centuries and have currently become a favorable therapy for pathological liver disease.
Keywords: Liver disease, Herb, Hepatoprotective activity
A review on phytochemical and ethnopharmacological studies of Ajuga Bracteosa Wall. Ex Benth.
Authors: Ali Tabasum , Shah Zahida , Bashir Rabiah 
Published: April 2019

Herbal medicines as the major remedy in traditional system of medicine have been used in medical practices since antiquity. The plants of genus Ajuga are evergreen, clump-forming rhizomatous perennial or annual herbaceous flowering species, with Ajuga being one of the 266 genera of the family Lamiaceae. There are at least 301 species of the genus Ajuga with many variations. Ajugabracteosa Wall. ex Benth (A. bracteosa) is an important medicinal plant of Himalaya regions. Medicinal potential is due to presence of of various pharmacologically active compounds such as neo-clerodane diterpenoids, flavonol glycosides, iridoid glycosides, ergosterol-5,8- endoperoxide and phytoecdysones. The aim of this review article was to gather information about A. bracteosa which is currently scattered in form of various publications. This review article tried to attract the attention from people for therapeutic potential of A. bracteosa. The present review comprises upto date information of,traditional uses, botanical aspects, active ingredients and pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic activity, antiarthritic activity, antioxidant activity . A large variety of compounds have so far been isolated from Ajuga bracteosa.
Keywords: Ajuga bracteosa, Herbal medicines, pharmacological activities.
Formulation by Design (FbD) approach to develop Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for the aptness of nose to brain delivery
Authors: Sarma Anupam , Das Malay K. 
Published: April 2019

The objective of the present investigation was to optimize and develop Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) loaded Nanostrucrured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) with Compritol 888 ATO as solid lipid and oleic acid as liquid lipid by modified emulsion solvent diffusion method using Central Composite design (CCD). Three independent variables viz., Lipid to Drug ratio (A), Aqueous phase pH (B) and Sonication time (min) (C) were taken to investigate their effect on dependent variables viz., particle size (nm) (R1), PDI (R2) and % Entrapment Efficiency (%EE) (R3). Optimized formula of NLC was selected from the design space which was further optimized by changing the surfactants quantity. NLCs were evaluated for physicochemical, morphological, solid state characterization, and in-vitro dissolution in PBS pH 6.4, PBS 7.4 and ACSF. The average particle size was found to be 94.7 ± 15.70 nm with PDI of 0.380 ± 0.024 and 134.3 ± 9.71 nm with PDI of 0.358 ± 0.038 respectively for T4 and T5 NLC formulation. The zeta potential value of -17. ± 3.87 mV and -17.17 ± 1.05 mV and %EE of 35.5 ± 1.04 % and 34.2 ± 2.78 %. Overall, the above finding shows promising results in the area of developing non-invasive intranasal route as an alternative to oral route for brain delivery.
Keywords: Central composite design, Intranasal, Neuro-AIDS, CNS targeting.
Evaluation of Anticonvulsant and Antioxidant Activity of Senna occidentalis Seeds Extracts
Authors: Singh Vijay Vikram , Jain Jainendra , Mishra Arun Kumar 
Published: April 2019

Aim: The aim of present work was to determine the anticonvulsant and antioxidant activity of Senna occidentalis L. ethanolic seed extract by different mod­els. Methods: For evaluation of anticonvulsant activity, Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure model and Maximal electroshock (MES) seizure model were used. For antioxidant activity, (1, 1-diphenyl - 2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) method were used. Results: The finding suggested that the ethanolic extract (EAE) of Senna occidentalis in the dose 400 mg/kg body weight posses potent anticonvulsant activity. The EAE showed anticonvulsant action in dose dependent fashion. It was observed that upon increasing the concentration of extract, it showed reduced absorbance and increased free radical inhibition, and when comparison was made with Ascorbic acid, it showed marked antioxidant property in DPPH as well as H2O2 method. The IC50 of Ascorbic acid and EAE by DPPH method were found to be 14.56 and 14.8 respectively whereas the IC50 of Ascorbic acid and EAE by H2O2 method were found that 14.3and 14.8 respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study concluded hat the EAE of Senna occidentalis L. possesses significant antioxidant and anticonvulsant activity. The activity was in dose dependent fashion. This study will assist in future research associated with formulation development of seeds of Senna occidentalis L.
Keyword: Senna occidentalis L., Anticonvulsant, Antioxidant, DPPH model
To perform phytochemical screening and study the antioxidant potential of isolated compound from Hemidesmus indicus
Authors: Nutan , , Das Manas Kr , Saxena Gaurav , Kumar Nitin 
Published: April 2019

“Anantmul” is an important and widely used medicinal plant. The study aimed to determine the physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Hemidesmus indicus (Asclepiadaceae). The roots of the plant were collected and sequentially extracted using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out and found to be a good source of bioactive compounds. Biological activities of flavonoid and phenolic compounds have been discovered in several latest studies. Further phytochemical isolation was carried out, and Lupeol was isolated. Phenols are shown to be multifunctional antioxidants which will perform as singlet oxygen quenchers. Lupeol was evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant activity. It showed a correlation with antioxidant activity by DPPH (IC50 = 0.52, P 6 0.05) and H2O2 (IC50 = 0.43, P 6 0.05). The results show promising perspectives for the exploitation and use of anantmul rhizome as a constituent of anti-aging as well as anticancer diet.
Keywords: Anantmul, Lupeol, Antioxidant, DPPH
A review on analytical method validation and its regulatory perspectives
Authors: Lal Basant , Kapoor Devesh , Jaimini Manish 
Published: April 2019

Analytical methods plays vital role in the process of identification, separation and then quantification of chemical components in natural materials or synthetic materials based on their chemistry. The main purpose of the analytical method development and validation is to prove that proposed analytical method is accurate, specific, precise and robust in the pharmaceutical industry for analysis of a drug moiety. Analytical method development gives important information in the pharmaceutical industry, on the potency of a drug, the drug’s bioavailability, the drug’s stability and also its effects. The analytical method validation is essential for analytical method development and tested for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, range, detection limit, quantitation limit and robustness. In summary, analytical method development and validation confirms that an accurate, precise and reliable potency measurement of a pharmaceutical preparation can be performed.
Keywords: HPLC, HPTLC, UPLC, GC, MS, SOP