bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed Tomography Versus Dacryocystography for the Evaluation of the Nasolacrimal Duct—A Study With 72 Patients
Authors: Papathanassiou Serafim , Koch Thomas , Suhling Marie Charlot , Lenarz Thomas , Durisin Martin , Stolle Stefan R. O. , Raab Peter 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesIn patients with epiphora, imaging of the nasolacrimal duct is essential not only for differential diagnosis, but also for preoperative planning. Advances in imaging technology and introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CB‐CT) enable the combination of contrast agent‐based imaging with a three dimensional tomography with low radiation exposure. However, the value of CT/CB‐CT as an alternative to conventional dynamic dacryocystography (DCG) has not been evaluated yet.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsConventional DCG was performed preoperatively in 72 consecutive patients treated for epiphora between 01/2013 and 04/2015 in our department. CB‐CT or conventional CT was performed afterward with the contrast media still in place. Three separate experts (two radiologists and one otorhinolaryngologist) analyzed the radiographic images without any information about the respective clinical or surgical findings. The presence of further findings in the CT/CB‐CT (eg, septal deviation, sinusitis) that were not detected in DCG and the overall visibility of the lacrimal duct system in both modalities were evaluated.ResultsGood delineations of bone, soft tissue, and contrast agent in the lacrimal system were achieved with both methods. No side effects were noted. Beside the pathology of the lacrimal duct, CT/CB‐CT scans enabled the additional diagnosis of pathologies in the nose and the sinus system in 65.7% of the patients. Accordance in the identified level of obstruction between the two modalities was achieved in 71.4% of the patients.ConclusionThus, CT/CB‐CT should be used in conjunction with contrast agent to reliably identify the level of obstruction as preoperative standard and can be used as diagnostic tool in addition to or even instead of conventional DCG.Level of Evidence4
Fatty Acid Profile of Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Fed Different Ratios of Dietary Seaweed and Microalgae during Broodstock Conditioning
Authors: Rato Ana , Pereira Luís F. , Joaquim Sandra , Gomes Romina , Afonso Cláudia , Cardoso Carlos , Machado Jorge , Gonçalves José F. M. , Vaz‐Pires Paulo , Magnoni Leonardo J. , Matias Ana M. , Matias Domitília , Bandarra Narcisa M. , Ozório Rodrigo O. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe fatty acid (FA) profile of oysters generally reflects the dietary FA composition. Moreover, incorporation of FA into tissues is modulated by various metabolic factors, and final composition will depend upon the dietary sources, cumulative intake, and oysters' development stage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary incorporation of seaweed (SW) Ulva rigida, in replacement of traditional microalgae diet, on the FA composition of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas, during broodstock conditioning. The dietary conditioning consisted of direct replacement of microalgae (33% Tisochrysis lutea, 50.25% Skeletonema costatum, and 16.75% Chaetoceros calcitrans) by SW at four different substitution levels (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% diet). The dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n‐3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5n‐3) contents showed a positive correlation with the dietary microalgae level. During the trial, oysters fed with higher percentages of microalgae revealed a depletion of DHA and accumulation of EPA. The 100% SW caused a significant reduction in oxygen consumption and, consequently, in the standard metabolic rate. Based on these results, a partial substitution of up to 25% of dietary microalgae seems to be a suitable alternative, because it elicited similar results to the commercial 100% microalgae diet.
Menu positions influence soft drink selection at touchscreen kiosks
Authors: Schmidtke Kelly Ann , Watson Derrick G. , Roberts Pendaran , Vlaev Ivo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe current study investigates whether companies can influence which soft drink consumers select on touchscreen kiosks. Soft drink options presented on touchscreen kiosks are multi‐dimensional stimuli represented by icons and locations. Over time the pairing of icon and location forms an expectation that certain icons will be in certain locations. As a result of these location expectations, changing the order of soft drinks may help consumers consider more healthful items. In the current study, the Coca‐Cola icon was moved from the first to last location and the Coke Zero icon from the third to first. The intervention decreased the number of times Coca‐Cola was sold and increased the number of times Coke Zero was sold. The discussion explores the rationale for the intervention and the importance of fitting interventions into existing choice environments to modify real‐world behavior.
Use of a vascularized dorsal sensory branch of an ulnar nerve flap for repairing a proper digital nerve with coverage of a volar soft tissue defect: Report of two cases
Authors: Usami Satoshi , Kawahara Sanshiro , Inami Kohei , Hirase Yuichi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo repair a short nerve gap, autograft, allograft, autogenous, or synthetic conduits are selected, but a vascularized nerve autograft is preferred to obtain a reliable postoperative outcome in the case of an unfavorable wound bed. The purpose of this report is to describe and evaluate two cases of repair of a proper digital nerve and volar soft tissue defect with a vascularized dorsal sensory branch of an ulnar nerve flap. The cases of two men, 40 and 20 years old, who suffered index finger defects due to crush lacerations that required a flap and a nerve graft, are presented. A 4.0 cm × 2.0 cm and a 3.2 cm × 1.6 cm flap, which were nourished by the perforators from the ulnar proper digital artery of the little finger, were elevated from the ulnar side of fifth metacarpal bone head and transferred for coverage of the soft tissue defect. A 4.6‐cm and a 3.0‐cm vascularized nerve graft was interposed in the nerve gap. The patients' postoperative courses were uneventful, and both patients had no complaints related to the donor site. Static and moving two‐point discrimination were 8 and 6 mm, respectively, at 6 months after surgery in the first case and 5 and 3 mm, respectively, at 9 months after surgery in the second case. This flap, which could be elevated in the same operative field with a nerve having similar diameter to that of the proper digital nerve, was useful for repair of a finger volar tissue defect.
Mode‐matching analysis for characterization of the sectoral waveguide mode converters
Authors: Kumar Vikram , Dwivedi Smrity , Jain Pradip K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn S‐band sectoral waveguide (SWG) mode converter was presented for simulation and electromagnetic analysis. A mode‐matching technique (MMT) for the electromagnetic analysis of an SWG mode converter has been proposed. The problem of trifurcation of the coaxial waveguide to shape SWGs and bifurcation of SWGs is discussed. In this framework, the selections of appropriate testing modes at each junction are justified. The simulation time has improved and the complexity of the proposed problem has reduced by the proposed approach. The numerical results of the MMT are compared against simulation results and are found to be in good agreement. The efficiency of both the simulated and analyzed results shows a mode conversion efficiency higher than 98.0%. An experimental evaluation shows the mode conversion of TM01 to TE11 mode using far‐field radiation patterns and has been compared with simulation results. Also, the MMT and simulation validate the mode conversion of TM01 to TE11 mode.
Multi‐center evaluation of stability and reproducibility of quantitative MRI measures in healthy calf muscles
Authors: Schlaffke Lara , Rehmann Robert , Rohm Marlena , Otto Louise A.M. , de Luca Alberto , Burakiewicz Jedrzej , Baligand Celine , Monte Jithsa , den Harder Chiel , Hooijmans Melissa T. , Nederveen Aart , Schlaeger Sarah , Weidlich Dominik , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Stouge Anders , Vaeggemose Michael , D'Angelo Maria Grazia , Arrigoni Filippo , Kan Hermien E. , Froeling Martijn 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate temporal stability, multi‐center reproducibility and the influence of covariates on a multimodal MR protocol for quantitative muscle imaging and to facilitate its use as a standardized protocol for evaluation of pathology in skeletal muscle.Quantitative T2, quantitative diffusion and four‐point Dixon acquisitions of the calf muscles of both legs were repeated within one hour. Sixty‐five healthy volunteers (31 females) were included in one of eight 3‐T MR systems. Five traveling subjects were examined in six MR scanners. Average values over all slices of water‐T2 relaxation time, proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and diffusion metrics were determined for seven muscles. Temporal stability was tested with repeated measured ANOVA and two‐way random intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Multi‐center reproducibility of traveling volunteers was assessed by a two‐way mixed ICC. The factors age, body mass index, gender and muscle were tested for covariance.ICCs of temporal stability were between 0.963 and 0.999 for all parameters. Water‐T2 relaxation decreased significantly (P < 10−3) within one hour by ~ 1 ms. Multi‐center reproducibility showed ICCs within 0.879–0.917 with the lowest ICC for mean diffusivity. Different muscles showed the highest covariance, explaining 20–40% of variance for observed parameters.Standardized acquisition and processing of quantitative muscle MRI data resulted in high comparability among centers. The imaging protocol exhibited high temporal stability over one hour except for water T2 relaxation times. These results show that data pooling is feasible and enables assembling data from patients with neuromuscular diseases, paving the way towards larger studies of rare muscle disorders.
Removing mesh bias in mixed‐mode cohesive fracture simulation with stress recovery and domain integral
Authors: Choi Habeun , Park Kyoungsoo 
Published: July 2019

SummaryTo remove mesh bias and provide an accurate crack path representation in mixed‐mode investigation, a novel stress recovery technique is proposed in conjunction with a domain integral and element splits. Based on a domain integral and stress recovery technique, a maximum strain energy release rate is estimated to determine a crack path direction. Then, for a given crack path direction, continuum elements are split, and a cohesive surface element is adaptively inserted. One notes that the proposed stress recovery technique provides a more accurate stress field than a standard stress evaluation procedure. The proposed computational framework is verified and validated by solving mode‐I and mixed‐mode examples. Computational results demonstrate that the domain integral with the stress recovery accurately evaluates a crack path, even with a lower‐quality mesh and under a biaxial stress state. Furthermore, the cohesive surface element approach, with the element split in conjunction with the stress recovery and the domain integral, predicts mixed‐mode fracture behaviors while removing mesh bias in the crack path representation. Additionally, the condition numbers of stiffness matrices are within the same order of magnitude during cohesive fracture simulation.
Risk for suicide nursing diagnosis and its related risk factors, in psychiatric settings: A descriptive study
Authors: Saatchi Babak , Taghavi Larijani Taraneh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the frequency of risk for suicide nursing diagnosis and its related risk factors, in the nursing care provided in psychiatric settings.DesignThis is a descriptive study.MethodsThe samples were the documented nursing reports. These reports were evaluated and analysed in terms of using the NANDA‐I risk for suicide nursing diagnosis and the risk factors related to this diagnosis.ResultsFrom the 1,440 reports that were reviewed, 10 nursing diagnoses and 478 risk factors, were identified. Based on the results of this study, risk for suicide is used at a very low level in psychiatric settings, while, considerable number of suicide's risk factors are still existing in these settings.
A concept‐wide association study to identify potential risk factors for nonadherence among prevalent users of antihypertensives
Authors: Singh Karandeep , Choudhry Niteesh K. , Krumme Alexis A. , McKay Caroline , McElwee Newell E. , Kimura Joe , Franklin Jessica M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeWe sought to determine whether an association study using information contained in clinical notes could identify known and potentially novel risk factors for nonadherence to antihypertensive medications.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective concept‐wide association study (CWAS) using clinical notes to identify potential risk factors for medication nonadherence, adjusting for age, sex, race, baseline blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and a combined comorbidity score. Participants included Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older receiving care at the Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates network from 2010‐2012 and enrolled in a Medicare Advantage program. Concepts were extracted from clinical notes in the year prior to the index prescription date for each patient. We tested associations with the outcome for 5013 concepts extracted from clinical notes in a derivation cohort (4382 patients) and accounted for multiple hypothesis testing by using a false discovery rate threshold of less than 5% (q < .05). We then confirmed the associations in a validation cohort (3836 patients). Medication nonadherence was defined using a proportion of days covered (PDC) threshold less than 0.8 using pharmacy claims data.ResultsWe found 415 concepts associated with nonadherence, which we organized into 11 clusters using a hierarchical clustering approach. Volume depletion and overload, assessment of needs at the point of discharge, mood disorders, neurological disorders, complex coordination of care, and documentation of noncompliance were some of the factors associated with nonadherence.ConclusionsThis approach was successful in identifying previously described and potentially new risk factors for antihypertensive nonadherence using the clinical narrative.
Oral aspiration, type 1 laryngeal cleft, and respiratory tract infections in canadian inuit children
Authors: Farrow Sarah , Agarwal Amisha , Saban Jeremy , Scott Darcy , Barrowman Nick , Kovesi Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCanadian Inuit infants suffer the highest rate of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI's) in the world. The causes of this are incompletely understood. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether there exists an association between respiratory morbidity and oral aspiration in Inuit children. A retrospective chart review was conducted including children from Nunavut who underwent Video Fluoroscopic Swallowing Study between the years of 2001 to 2015. The primary outcome was hospitalization for LRTI. We hypothesized that infants found to have aspiration would experience a higher rate of admissions for LRTI than those with normal swallowing studies. One‐hundred and twenty‐seven patients were identified, of whom 94 were included. Fifty‐six percent of patients had an abnormal swallowing study. Compared with patients with normal swallowing, the incidence rate of LRTI was higher in patients with aspiration (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23‐1.87) and in patients with penetration (IRR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.11‐1.76). Fourteen percent of patients had confirmed laryngeal cleft; patients with confirmed presence of this also had a higher incidence rate of LRTI (IRR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.32‐2.07). The incidence of abnormal swallowing study showed an 11‐fold variation across the five regions in Nunavut, with the highest prevalence in west Qikiqtani Region (Baffin Island). We conclude that swallowing dysfunction is not only prevalent amongst Canadian Inuit but clinically significant. This is the first study to demonstrate an association between swallowing dysfunction and respiratory morbidity in this population. Geographic distribution patterns and high rates of laryngeal cleft may point to a potential genetic etiology for what remains at this point, idiopathic swallowing dysfunction.
Effect of nebulizer type, delivery interface, and flow rate on aerosol drug delivery to spontaneously breathing pediatric and infant lung models
Authors: Ari Arzu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDifferent types of nebulizers, interfaces, and flow rates are used to deliver aerosolized medications to children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nebulizer type, delivery interface, and flow rate on aerosol drug delivery to spontaneously breathing pediatric and infant lung models.MethodologyA teaching mannequin was attached to a sinusoidal pump via a collecting filter at the bronchi to simulate a spontaneously breathing child (Vt: 250 mL, RR: 20 bpm and Ti: 1 second) and infant (Vt = 100 mL, RR = 30 bpm, Ti: 0.7 seconds). Albuterol sulfate was nebulized with jet (Misty Max 10; Cardinal Health) and mesh (Aerogen Solo; Aerogen) nebulizers using a low‐flow nasal cannula (LFNC; Hudson), a high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC; Fisher & Paykel), face mask (FM; Hudson), and mouthpiece (MP; Cardinal Health). While all interfaces were used in the pediatric study, only LFNC, HFNC, and FM were tested in the infant study. The mesh nebulizer was tested at 2, 4, and 6 L/min with LFNC, 4 and 6 L/min with HFNC, and 6 L/min with FM and MP. The jet nebulizer was operated at 6 and 8 L/min with FM and 6 L/min with LFNC, HFNC, and MP (n = 5). The drug was eluted from the filter and analyzed by spectrophotometry. Factorial analysis of variance and post hoc comparisons were used for data analysis. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsDelivery efficiency of mesh nebulizers is two to fourfold more than jet nebulizers used with HFNC, FM, and MP. No statistical difference was found between jet and mesh nebulizers used with LFNC in infants (P = .643) and pediatrics (P = .255). Aerosol delivery with MP was the best compared to other interfaces used in pediatrics (P < .05). As the second‐best interface in aerosol drug delivery, the delivery efficiency of FM was greater than HFNC (P = .0001) and LFNC (P = .0001). Increasing flow rate with LFNC and HFNC decreased aerosol delivery with the mesh nebulizer in both infants and pediatrics.ConclusionThe type of nebulizer, delivery interface, and flow rate used in the treatment of children affect aerosol drug delivery.
Chrysophanol attenuates airway inflammation and remodeling through nuclear factor‐kappa B signaling pathway in asthma
Authors: Song Guihua , Zhang Yan , Yu Suping , Lv Weigang , Guan Zhiwei , Sun Mengmeng , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2019

Chrysophanol (CHR), a purified active constituent extracted from Rheum palmatum L., possesses anti‐inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on asthma‐associated airway inflammation and remodeling. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA) and administrated with different doses of CHR. We found that CHR decreased OVA‐induced pulmonary inflammation: the levels of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were downregulated. CHR also attenuated airway remodeling induced by OVA challenge—CHR inhibited pulmonary α‐smooth muscle actin expression. Moreover, both the nuclear translocation and activity of NF‐κB p65 were inhibited by CHR in the asthmatic lung. Enhanced autophagy was initiated in the lung by OVA challenge as evidenced by upregulated light chain 3 beta, autophagy‐related protein 5, and Beclin 1. CHR suppressed OVA‐induced alterations in these autophagy‐related molecules. In vitro, CHR (2 or 20 μM) was used to treat human pulmonary epithelial BEAS‐2B cells in the presence of 10 ng/ml recombinant TNF‐α. CHR not only exhibited the antiproliferation effect but also inhibited the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐kB) signaling pathway in TNF‐α‐treated BEAS‐2B cells. In conclusion, our study indicates that CHR has the potential to ameliorate asthma.
Correlation of electron density and bond length to band gap for binary oxides and halides
Authors: Ryang Myong‐Song , Kang Chol‐Jun , Choe Hyon‐Chol , Kim Nam‐Hyok 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe best quantity correlated to the electronic energy band gap is found for alkali and alkaline‐earth metal oxides and halides with face centered cubic (fcc) structure based on density functional theory and Bader's atom‐in‐molecule theory. Previous studies show the correlation of the band gap to the ground state electron density at the bond critical point (BCP). Whereas, in quantum mechanics, the gap between the energy levels of one dimensional square well potential is inversely proportional to the square of the width of the well which is the metal–nonmetal chemical bond length in our case. These motivate the proposition of a new quantityQ, the ratio of the density at the BCP to the square of the bond length. Our study reveals that, for the aforementioned materials, the band gap has a strong correlation toQwhen they are multiplied by the density at the BCP.
Guaranteed cost finite‐time control for semi‐Markov jump systems with event‐triggered scheme and quantization input
Authors: Zong Guangdeng , Ren Hangli 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the guaranteed cost finite‐time control for semi‐Markov jump systems with unknown transition rates is addressed. An event‐triggered scheme is constructed to automatically monitor the data transmission and the input quantization is involved to reduce the cost of control. Different from the existing general transition rates in the semi‐Markov jump systems, the upper and lower bounds of transition rates are not given in advance but obtained through the stability criteria. The stability criteria are established to verify the stochastic finite‐time boundedness of the closed‐loop event‐triggered system and estimate the performance index of the given cost function. A guaranteed cost optimal controller is also proposed to stabilize the considered system. Finally, the vertical take‐off and landing helicopter model is introduced to verify the effectiveness of the main algorithms.