bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsurface Fine‐Scale Patterns in an Anticyclonic Eddy Off Cap‐Vert Peninsula Observed From Glider Measurements
Authors: Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Testor Pierre , Lazar Alban , Echevin Vincent , Krahmann Gerd , Chaigneau Alexis , Gourcuff Claire , Wade Malick , Faye Saliou , Estrade Philippe , Capet Xavier , Mortier Laurent , Brehmer Patrice , Schütte Florian , Karstensen Johannes 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGlider measurements acquired along four transects between Cap‐Vert Peninsula and the Cape Verde archipelago in the eastern tropical North Atlantic during March–April 2014 were used to investigate fine‐scale stirring in an anticyclonic eddy. The anticyclone was formed near 12°N off the continental shelf and propagated northwest toward the Cape Verde islands. At depth, between 100 and –400 m, the isolated anticyclone core contained relatively oxygenated, low‐salinity South Atlantic Central Water, while the surrounding water masses were saltier and poorly oxygenated. The dynamical and thermohaline subsurface environment favored the generation of fine‐scale horizontal and vertical temperature and salinity structures in and around the core of the anticyclone. These features exhibited horizontal scales of O(10–30 km) relatively small with respect to the eddy radius of O(150 km). The vertical scales of O(5–100 m) were associated to density‐compensated gradient. Spectra of salinity and oxygen along isopycnals revealed a slope of around k−2 in the 10‐ to 100‐km horizontal scale range. Further analyses suggest that the fine‐scale structures are likely related to tracer stirring processes. Such mesoscale anticyclonic eddies and the embedded fine‐scale tracers in and around them could play a major role in the transport of South Atlantic Central Water masses and ventilation of the North Atlantic Oxygen Minimum Zone.
Dissolved Carbon Dynamics in Meltwaters From the Russell Glacier, Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Andrews M. Grace , Jacobson Andrew D. , Osburn Magdalena R. , Flynn Theodore M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMelting of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has accelerated in recent decades. Given the close association between the water and carbon (C) cycles, melting of the GrIS may also drive local and global C cycle feedback. However, few studies have quantified such feedback, which may have important implications for predicting future climate or understanding linkages between ice sheet destabilization and climate change in the geologic past. Here we investigate seasonal and interannual dissolved C cycling at the margin of the Russell Glacier, west Greenland. By synthesizing isotopic analyses of water (δ18O) and C (δ13C and Δ14C) with geomicrobiological observations, we present evidence for previously unknown connections between the GrIS's supraglacial and subglacial dissolved C cycles. Supraglacial streams have variable concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and are the dominant source of DOC in subglacial discharge. Supraglacial stream dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations are uniform and sourced from a spatially and temporally constant mixture of organic C (~25%) respired by aerobic heterotrophs inhabiting the GrIS surface and dissolved atmospheric C (~75%). Supraglacial inputs account for ~50% of subglacial discharge DIC. The remaining subglacial DIC derives from carbonate weathering and microbial CO2 production, with the latter attributable to abundant anaerobic heterotrophic communities observed in subglacial discharge. Furthermore, we find that supraglacial streams deliver young DOC to the subglacial environment during snowmelt and rain events. These pulses of organic C may drive heterotrophic microbial respiration, with the cumulative effect being a seasonal shift in the source of basal DIC, from microbial‐ to carbonate‐dominated.
Genetic variants in SEC16B are associated with body composition in black South Africans
Authors: Sahibdeen Venesa , Crowther Nigel J. , Soodyall Himla , Hendry Liesl M. , Munthali Richard J. , Hazelhurst Scott , Choudhury Ananyo , Norris Shane A. , Ramsay Michèle , Lombard Zané 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Objective
The latest genome-wide association studies of obesity-related traits have identified several genetic loci contributing to body composition (BC). These findings have not been robustly replicated in African populations, therefore, this study aimed to assess whether European BC-associated gene loci played a similar role in a South African black population.

Methods
A replication and fine-mapping study was performed in participants from the Birth to Twenty cohort (N = 1,926) using the Metabochip. Measurements included body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), total fat mass, total lean mass and percentage fat mass (PFM).

Results
SNPs in several gene loci, including SEC16B (Padj <  9.48 × 10−7), NEGR1 (Padj < 1.64 × 10−6), FTO (Padj < 2.91 × 10−5), TMEM18 (Padj < 2.27 × 10−5), and WARS2(Padj < 3.25 × 10−5) were similarly associated (albeit not at array-wide signficance (P ≤ 6.7 × 10−7) with various phenotypes including fat mass, PFM, WHR linked to BC in this African cohort, however the associations were driven by different sentinel SNPs. More importantly, DXA-derived BC measures revealed stronger genetic associations than simple anthropometric measures. Association signals generated in this study were shared by European and African populations, as well as unique to this African cohort. Moreover, sophisticated estimates like DXA measures enabled an enhanced characterisation of genetic associations for BC traits.

Conclusion
Results from this study suggest that in-depth genomic studies in larger African cohorts may reveal novel SNPs for body composition and adiposity, which will provide greater insight into the aetiology of obesity.
Liver-enriched Genes are Associated with the Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Binghua , Xu Tiancheng , Liu Chaohui , Meng Gang , Sun Yuchen , Qian Liyuan , Wang Shaohe , Wei Jiwu , Yu Decai , Ding Yitao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTissue-enriched genes are highly expressed in one particular tissue type and represent distinct physiological processes. The dynamic profile of tissue-enriched genes during tumorigenesis and progression remains largely unstudied. Here, we identified tissue-enriched genes from 12 tissue types based on RNA sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and found that the liver had the largest number of such genes among the 12 tissue types. The characteristics of liver-enriched genes were further investigated. Most liver-enriched genes were downregulated and metabolism-related genes, which were associated with pathological stage and dedifferentiation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypermethylation might be a mechanism underlying the downregulation of liver-enriched genes. We constructed a liver-enriched gene set and demonstrated that it is associated with the prognosis of the patients with HCC both in the TCGA cohort and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Moreover, we discovered that the degree of the dissimilarity between tumors and normal tissues was correlated with the prognosis of patients with HCC and the biological behaviours of the tumors. These results will help identify prognostic biomarkers of patients with HCC, and enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and progression.
Massively parallel sequencing of cell-free DNA in plasma for detecting gynaecological tumour-associated copy number alteration
Authors: Nakabayashi Makoto , Kawashima Akihiro , Yasuhara Rika , Hayakawa Yosuke , Miyamoto Shingo , Iizuka Chiaki , Sekizawa Akihiko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe discovery of circulating tumour DNA molecules created a paradigm shift in tumour biomarkers as predictors of recurrence. Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) to detect circulating cell-free foetal DNA in maternal plasma is increasingly recognised as a valuable substitute to perceive foetal copy number variation (CNV). This study aimed to determine whether the copy number detection in plasma samples using NIPT platform could be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients with gynaecological cancer. We conducted a prospective study using samples containing preoperative plasma from 100 women with gynaecological cancers. Samples were randomly rearranged and blindly sequenced using a low-coverage whole-genome sequencing plasma DNA, NIPT platform. The NIPT pipeline identified copy number alterations (CNAs) were counted in plasma as a gain or loss if they exceeded 10 Mb from the expected diploid coverage. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed according to the presence of CNA in plasma using Kaplan–Meier analyses. The NIPT pipeline detected 19/100 cases of all gynaecological cancers, including 6/36 ovarian cancers, 3/11 cervical cancers, and 10/53 endometrial cancers. Patients with CNA in plasma had a significantly poorer prognosis in all stages concerning PFS and OS. Therefore, low-coverage sequencing NIPT platform could serve as a predictive marker of patient outcome.
Metagenomics of pigmented and cholesterol gallstones: the putative role of bacteria
Authors: Kose S. H. , Grice K. , Orsi W. D. , Ballal M. , Coolen M. J. L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere is growing evidence for bacteria playing a role in the pathogenesis and formation of pigmented gallstones from humans. These studies mainly involved cultivation of gallstone-associated bacteria and 16S rRNA profiling, providing an indirect link between processes involved in gallstone formation by the bacteria in-situ. Here, we provide functional metagenomic evidence of a range of genes involved in bile stress response, biofilm formation, and anaerobic energy metabolism by Gram-negative Klebsiella in pigmented gallstones from a 76-year-old male patient. Klebsiella was also present in one cholesterol-type stone in a 30-year-old female patient who had additional cholesterol gallstones characterised by Gram-positive bacteria. Pigmented stones further revealed a predominance of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, whilst cholesterol stones indicated a profile dominanted by protein metabolism possibly reflecting known chemical differences between Gram-negative and Gram-positive biofilm matrices. Archaeal genes were not detected. Complementary carbon and hydrogen isotopic analyses of cholesterol within the patients’ stones revealed homogeneity, suggesting a common diet or cholesterol biosynthesis pathway that has little influence on microbial composition. This pilot study provides a framework to study microbial processes that play a potential role in gallstone formation across markedly different types of stones and patient backgrounds.
Role of Gated Myocardial Glucose Metabolic Imaging in Assessing Left Ventricular Systolic Dyssynchrony after Myocardial Infarction and the Influential Factors
Authors: Shao Xiaoliang , Wang Jianfeng , Tian Yi , Fan Shengdeng , Zhang Feifei , Yang Wei , Xin Wenchong , Wang Yuetao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the role of gated myocardial glucose metabolic imaging in assessing left ventricular (LV) systolic dyssynchrony after myocardial infarction (MI) and explored the influencing factors. Bama mini-pigs were divided into normal group and MI group and subjected to gated myocardial metabolic imaging (GMMI) and gated myocardial perfusion imaging (GMPI). The phase bandwidth (BW), standard deviation (SD) and the latest activation site of left ventricle were obtained using program Cedars QGS. The results showed that (1) BW and SD obtained in GMMI and GMPI showed significant correlation in pigs with MI, but not in the normal pigs, (2) BW and SD obtained in GMMI and GMPI had good consistency in both normal pigs and MI pigs, (3) GMMI and GMPI had a 66.7% identity in determining the latest activation site of left ventricle in the normal pigs and 77.8% identity in determining the latest activation site of left ventricle in pigs with MI. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that total perfusion deficit and summed motion score were independent factors affecting BW and SD in GMMI. In conclusion, phase analysis of GMMI images could objectively reflect LV systolic dyssynchrony resulted from interactions of multiple factors.
GaiaGraL:GaiaDR2 gravitational lens systems
Authors: Ducourant C. , Wertz O. , Krone-Martins A. , Teixeira R. , Le Campion J.-F. , Galluccio L. , Klüter J. , Delchambre L. , Surdej J. , Mignard F. , Wambsganss J. , Bastian U. , Graham M. J. , Djorgovski S. G. , Slezak E. 
Published: July 2018

Context. Thanks to its spatial resolution, the ESA/Gaiaspace mission offers a unique opportunity to discover new multiply imaged quasars and to study the already known lensed systems at sub-milliarcsecond astrometric precisions.Aims. In this paper, we address the detection of the known multiply imaged quasars from theGaiaData Release 2 (DR2) and determine the astrometric and photometric properties of the individually detected images found in theGaiaDR2 catalogue.Methods. We have compiled an exhaustive list of quasar gravitational lenses from the literature to search for counterparts in theGaiaDR2. We then analysed the astrometric and photometric properties of theseGaia’s detections. To highlight the tremendous potential ofGaiaat the sub-milliarcsecond level we finally performed a simple Bayesian modelling of the well-known gravitational lens system HE0435-1223, usingGaiaDR2 and HST astrometry.Results. From 481 known multiply imaged quasars, 206 have at least one image found in theGaiaDR2. Among the 44 known quadruply imaged quasars of the list, 29 have at least one image in theGaiaDR2, 12 of which are fully detected (2MASX J01471020+4630433, HE 0435-1223, SDSS1004+4112, PG1115+080, RXJ1131-1231, 2MASS J11344050-2103230, 2MASS J13102005-1714579, B1422+231, J1606-2333, J1721+8842, WFI2033-4723, WGD2038-4008), eight have three counterparts, eight have two and one has only one. As expected, the modelling of HE0435-1223 shows that the model parameters are significantly better constrained when usingGaiaastrometry compared to HST astrometry, in particular the relative positions of the background quasar source and the centroid of the deflector. TheGaiasub-milliarcsecond astrometry also significantly reduces the parameter correlations.Conclusions. Besides providing an up-to-date list of multiply imaged quasars and their detection in theGaiaDR2, this paper shows that more complex modelling scenarios will certainly benefit fromGaiasub-milliarcsecond astrometry.
Berufliche Gratifikationskrisen im Rettungsdienst – Eine Querschnittstudie zu Häufigkeit und Einflussfaktoren bei hauptamtlich tätigem Rettungsdienstpersonal
Authors: Berth Hendrik , Rohleder Philipp Matthias 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Der Rettungsdienst ist ein anspruchsvolles Tätigkeitsfeld. Das Modell beruflicher Gratifikationskrisen erklärt anhand des Verhältnisses von Belohnung/Verausgabung das Entstehen beruflicher Fehlbelastungen. Vorliegende Studie untersucht erstmals das Ausmaß beruflicher Gratifikationskrisen im Rettungswesen in Deutschland.
Material und Methoden Hauptamtliche Rettungsdienstmitarbeiter eines DRK-Kreisverbands wurden befragt. N=82 Beschäftigte (78,8%) nahmen teil (M Alter=37,78 Jahre, 73,2% männlich). Der Fragebogen umfasste neben dem Effort-Reward-Imbalance-Questionnaire weitere Instrumente zur Erfassung von Ängstlichkeit, Depressivität, Gesundheitszustand, sozialer Unterstützung, Mobbing und Optimismus.
Ergebnisse N=58 Personen (70,7%) gaben eine berufliche Gratifikationskrise an. Das Vorliegen einer Gratifikationskrise stand in Zusammenhang mit höherem Alter, niedriger Schulbildung, höherer beruflicher Qualifikation (Rettungsassistent) und vorhandener Partnerschaft. Personen mit beruflicher Gratifikationskrise gaben einen schlechteren Gesundheitszustand und eine niedrigere soziale Unterstützung an.
Diskussion Die hohe Anzahl von Personen mit beruflichen Gratifikationskrisen im Rettungswesen in Deutschland deckt sich mit internationalen Studien.
Schlussfolgerung Es wird die Notwendigkeit von Präventionsmaßnahmen und Bedarf an weiteren Forschungsarbeiten aufgezeigt.
Specificity of Monoclonal Antibodies to Factor VIII: C
Authors: Nordfang O , Ezban M , Favaloro J M , Dahl H H M , Hansen J J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThree monoclonal antibodies (42 IgG, 47 IgG, 56 IgG) towards factor-VIII: C (VIII :C) have been produced. In ELISA for VIII:C-antigen (VIII:CAg), 47 IgG showed higher affinity for VIII: CAg than 42 IgG and 56 IgG. In solid phase immunoiso-lation of iodinated VIII :C diluted in EDTA buffer, the three monoclonals, like human VIII: C inhibitors, bound the 77/80 kD-light chain of VIII: C. In the absence of EDTA, 56 IgG bound the heavy chain-light chain complex of VIII: C, while 47 IgG was only able to bind the light chain. When coupled on Sepharose, 56 IgG adsorbed coagulation active VIII :C, while 47 IgG was only able to adsorb coagulation inactive VIII: CAg. In coagulation assay 56 IgG inhibited with 20 BU/mg while 42 IgG and 47 IgG inhibited with 4 BU/mg. A mixture of 42 IgG and 56 IgG showed a synergistic effect and inhibited with 50 BU/mg total IgG. In radioimmunoassay a human VIII: C inhibitor was able to inhibit the VIII: C binding of 42 IgG and 56 IgG but not of 47 IgG. The monoclonals did not inhibit each other. On the contrary, 56 IgG increased the binding of 42 IgG to VIII: C.
Antithrombin III Antigen in Human Platelets
Authors: Léon Alhenc-Gelas M , Aiach M , Gorenflot A , Andreux J P 
Published: July 2018

SummaryImmunoreactive AT III was found in human platelets. AT III antigen was quantified in platelets taken from each of 17 healthy donors by a specific competitive enzyme immunoassay using purified AT III and AT III antibodies. AT III antigen levels in extracts of washed platelets disrupted by freezing and thawing ranged from 32 to 140 ng per 109 platelets with a mean value of 70.3 ± 27.3. When stimulated by arachidonic acid, the platelets released AT III antigen together with immunoreactive fibrinogen. These results show that AT III is present in platelets at a level corresponding to approximately 0.01% of total antithrombin in normal blood, and suggest that platelet AT III, like fibrinogen, is contained in the storage granules.
Urokinase Antigen in Plasma of Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatoma
Authors: Kirchheimer J C , Huber K , Polterauer P , Binder B R 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPlasma urokinase antigen levels were studied in 78 patients suffering from liver diseases. Blood was drawn before any specific medication was initiated. Impairment of liver function was comparable in all patients. In both groups of cirrhotic liver disease (alcoholic and non-alcoholic), normal levels of plasma urokinase antigen were found as compared to age-matched control groups. In both groups of patients with hepatomas (with or without a history of liver cirrhosis), however, significantly increased plasma urokinase antigen levels could be determined. These data indicate that an increase in plasma urokinase antigen might rather relate to malignant growth in liver disease than to impaired liver function.
The Measurement of Heparin and Other Therapeutic Sufphated Polysaccharides in Plasma, Serum and Urine
Authors: Dawes J , Prowse C V , Pepper D D 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe competitive binding assay described will specifically and accurately measure concentrations of administered heparin in biological fluids with a sensitivity of 60 ng ml-1. Neither endogenous glycosaminoglycans, nor plasma proteins such as ATIII and PF4 interfere in the assay. Semi-synthetic highly sulphated heparinoids and LMW heparin can also be measured. Using this assay heparin clearance followed simple first-order kinetics over the dose range 100-5,000 units, but the half-life was strongly dose-dependent. There was good correlation with heparin activity measurements by APTT and anti-Xa clotting assays. Plasma concentrations were measurable for at least 5 h following subcutaneous injection of 10,000 units of heparin. Excretion in the urine could be followed after all but the lowest intravenous dose. This assay, used in conjunction with measurements of heparin anticoagulant activity, will be valuable in the elucidation of mechanisms of action of heparin and the heparinoids, and in the assessment and management of problems related to heparin therapy.
“Ex Vivo” Influence of Fatty Acids from Plasma Cholesterol and Triglycerides on the Fatty Acid Pattern of Platelets
Authors: Aznar Justo , Santos Teresa , Vallés Juana 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe have studied “ex vivo”, in 92 normal subjects, the influence of fatty acids (FA) that esterify plasma cholesterol and triglycerides on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids, triglycerides and free fatty acid fractions in platelets.High and significant correlations (p <0.001) were found for some of the platelet phospholipid FA and the same FA that esterify plasma cholesterol [18:11 (r = 0.56); 18:2 (r = 0.71) and 20:5 (r = 0.42)] and plasma triglycerides [18:1* (r = 0.57) and 18:2 (r = 0.66)]. Some significant correlations were also found between some of the platelet triglyceride FA and the same FA that esterify plasma phospholipids [18:1 (r = 0.58)], triglycerides [18:1 (r = 0.51), 18:2 (r = 0.52)] cholesterol [18:1 (r = 0.44)] and plasma free fatty acids [18:1 (r = 0.39); 18:2 (r = 0.40)].By evaluating these results in conjunction with those of an earlier study (1), it can be concluded that “ in vivo” the FA from different plasma lipid fractions and especially those esterifying the plasma cholesterol and phospholipid fractions, can influence the FA composition of platelet phospholipids in normal subjects. In trying to interpret the role played by plasma lipids in platelet lipids, it may be of interest to take into account the interrelationships found in this study.
Identification and Cellular Localization of Plasminogen Activators from Human Glomeruli
Authors: Angles-Cano E , Rondeau E , Delarue F , Hagege J , Sultan Y , Sraer J D 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe plasminogen activators (PA) and cell types responsible for the fibrinolytic activity of isolated human glomeruli were studied by an indirect spectrophotometric method for plasminogen activation and immunohistological techniques with specific antibodies. Our results indicate that human glomeruli possess the ability to release both tissue-type PA (t-PA) and urokinase (UK). This has been shown for t-PA by quenching its fibrin-dependent activity with rabbit anti-t-PA antibodies and for UK by quenching its fibrin-independent activity with goat anti-UK antibodies. On the other hand, immunohistochemical analysis performed with a murine monoclonal antibody to plasma-t-PA and goat polyclonal antibodies to UK allowed the exclusive localization of t-PA in the endothelial cell lining of the glomerular flocculus and UK in the cytoplasma of glomerular epithelial cells. In addition, arachidonic acid and CaCl2 were shown to enhance glomerular fibrinolytic activity by stimulating the release of either UK or t-PA, respectively. This particular distribution and regulation of glomerular PA’s may be important in the physiopathology of the intra and extracapillary fibrin deposits observed in several glomerulopathies.