bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative recruitment strategies for a comprehensive worksite wellness initiative
Authors: Ablah Elizabeth , Umansky Emily , Wilcox Elizabeth A , Usher Jeff , Church Jennifer , Barnes Virginia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recruiting for wellness initiatives is challenging. WorkWell KS, a statewide worksite wellness initiative, offers unique worksite recruitment strategies that may serve as lessons. From 2012 to 2018, WorkWell KS utilized champions, well-connected local leaders, to recruit worksites. A total of 784 worksites were recruited for at least one WorkWell KS workshop. A survey of champions requested identification of strategies, barriers and facilitators for successful recruitment and continued engagement. Forty-three champions reported on recruitment experiences. Sixty-three percent of respondents attributed recruitment success to having funding to complete their work. Face-to-face meetings was the most commonly reported successful strategy. Eighty-six percent of respondents reported that improving employee health was motivation for worksites to participate. Champions with a significant funding incentive for worksites commonly indicated that funding was a motivating factor. The most commonly selected factor for continued engagement was having a worksite staff member with wellness in their job description (67% of respondents). Forty-nine percent of respondents reported worksites’ lack of time as a barrier to participation. The WorkWell KS initiative has implemented innovative recruitment methods that leverage well-connected leaders to recruit worksites to participate in a comprehensive worksite wellness initiative. Future worksite-based initiatives may benefit from adopting recruitment strategies presented here.
Within family Mendelian randomization studies
Authors: Davies Neil M , Howe Laurence J , Brumpton Ben , Havdahl Alexandra , Evans David M , Davey Smith George 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMendelian randomization (MR) is increasingly used to make causal inferences in a wide range of fields, from drug development to etiologic studies. Causal inference in MR is possible because of the process of genetic inheritance from parents to offspring. Specifically, at gamete formation and conception, meiosis ensures random allocation to the offspring of one allele from each parent at each locus, and these are unrelated to most of the other inherited genetic variants. To date, most MR studies have used data from unrelated individuals. These studies assume that genotypes are independent of the environment across a sample of unrelated individuals, conditional on covariates. Here we describe potential sources of bias, such as transmission ratio distortion, selection bias, population stratification, dynastic effects and assortative mating that can induce spurious or biased SNP–phenotype associations. We explain how studies of related individuals such as sibling pairs or parent–offspring trios can be used to overcome some of these sources of bias, to provide potentially more reliable evidence regarding causal processes. The increasing availability of data from related individuals in large cohort studies presents an opportunity to both overcome some of these biases and also to evaluate familial environmental effects.
The social construction of the space race: then and now
Authors: Cross Mai'a K. Davis 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The proposed creation of a US Space Force has led to a ratcheting up of a sense of competition and threat among spacefaring powers. Many top government officials and experts around the world believe that space will inevitably become the next battlefield, either among countries, or private companies, or both. India successfully blew up a satellite, China landed a probe on the dark side of the moon and many other countries have rapidly developed launch capabilities. The term ‘Space Race 2.0’ is increasingly invoked. But are we in the midst of a new space race, or on the verge of a new space age? This article argues that despite many governmental efforts to militarize space over the past 70 years, on the whole, non-state actors have ensured that space has been a highly cooperative realm of human interaction, even during the height of the Cold War. While on the surface there has been a narrative of threat-based competition, the author argues that this has largely been socially constructed. Drawing upon fresh archival research and participant observation, the author provides the historical context for understanding the increasingly diverse field of space actors today.
Matchability of heterogeneous networks pairs
Authors: Lyzinski Vince , Sussman Daniel L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We consider the problem of graph matchability in non-identically distributed networks. In a general class of edge-independent networks, we demonstrate that graph matchability can be lost with high probability when matching the networks directly. We further demonstrate that under mild model assumptions, matchability is almost perfectly recovered by centering the networks using universal singular value thresholding before matching. These theoretical results are then demonstrated in both real and synthetic simulation settings. We also recover analogous core-matchability results in a very general core-junk network model, wherein some vertices do not correspond between the graph pair.
A Novel Antiparasitic Compound Kills Ring-Stage Plasmodium falciparum and Retains Activity Against Artemisinin-Resistant Parasites
Authors: Clements Rebecca L , Streva Vincent , Dumoulin Peter , Huang Weigang , Owens Edward , Raj Dipak K , Burleigh Barbara , Llinás Manuel , Winzeler Elizabeth A , Zhang Qisheng , Dvorin Jeffrey D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Spreading antimalarial resistance threatens effective treatment of malaria, an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. We identified a compound, BCH070, that inhibits asexual growth of multiple antimalarial-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 1–2 µM), suggesting that BCH070 acts via a novel mechanism of action. BCH070 preferentially kills early ring-form trophozoites, and, importantly, equally inhibits ring-stage survival of wild-type and artemisinin-resistant parasites harboring the PfKelch13:C580Y mutation. Metabolomic analysis demonstrates that BCH070 likely targets multiple pathways in the parasite. BCH070 is a promising lead compound for development of new antimalarial combination therapy that retains activity against artemisinin-resistant parasites.
A rule-based approach to identify patient eligibility criteria for clinical trials from narrative longitudinal records
Authors: Karystianis George , Florez-Vargas Oscar , Butler Tony , Nenadic Goran 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
Achieving unbiased recognition of eligible patients for clinical trials from their narrative longitudinal clinical records can be time consuming. We describe and evaluate a knowledge-driven method that identifies whether a patient meets a selected set of 13 eligibility clinical trial criteria from their longitudinal clinical records, which was one of the tasks of the 2018 National NLP Clinical Challenges.

Materials and Methods
The approach developed uses rules combined with manually crafted dictionaries that characterize the domain. The rules are based on common syntactical patterns observed in text indicating or describing explicitly a criterion. Certain criteria were classified as “met” only when they occurred within a designated time period prior to the most recent narrative of a patient record and were dealt through their position in text.

Results
The system was applied to an evaluation set of 86 unseen clinical records and achieved a microaverage F1-score of 89.1% (with a micro F1-score of 87.0% and 91.2% for the patients that met and did not meet the criteria, respectively). Most criteria returned reliable results (drug abuse, 92.5%; Hba1c, 91.3%) while few (eg, advanced coronary artery disease, 72.0%; myocardial infarction within 6 months of the most recent narrative, 47.5%) proved challenging enough.

Conclusion
Overall, the results are encouraging and indicate that automated text mining methods can be used to process clinical records to recognize whether a patient meets a set of clinical trial criteria and could be leveraged to reduce the workload of humans screening patients for trials.
Mannan oligosaccharide supplementation in diets of sow and (or) their offspring improved immunity and regulated intestinal bacteria in piglet1
Authors: Duan Xudong , Tian Gang , Chen Daiwen , Huang Linhui , Zhang Dan , Zheng Ping , Mao Xiangbing , Yu Jie , He Jun , Huang Zhiqing , Yu Bing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objectives of the current study were to explore the effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation in the diets of sow and (or) their offspring on intestinal bacteria, intestinal and systemic inflammation in the piglet. A total of 60 multiparous sows (4 ± 1 parity; Landrace × Yorkshire) were fed either control diet (sCON, n = 30) or a diet containing 400 mg kg−1 MOS (sMOS, n = 30) from day 86 of gestation until weaning (day 20 of postpartum). On day 7 of age, offspring (Duroc × Landrace Yorkshire) were assigned within sow treatments and fed control diet (pCON) or diet containing 800 mg kg−1 MOS (pMOS) for 28 d (end at 35 d of age), resulting in four piglet diet groups (n = 15 litters per diet group): sCON-pCON, sCON-pMOS, sMOS-pCON, and sMOS-pMOS. Results found that piglet diet MOS increased or tend to increase Lactobacillus amount in the ileum digesta (P < 0.01) and jejunum digesta (P = 0.07), respectively; while tend to decrease Escherichia coli amount in jejunum digesta (P =0.06) and cecum digesta (P = 0.08). Both sow and piglet diets add MOS (sMOS-pMOS) increased Lactobacillus amount but decreased E. coli amount in jejunum digesta (P < 0.05) compared with the sCON-pCON diet group. In addition, sow diet MOS (rather than piglet diet MOS) increased sIgA content in piglet jejunum mucosa compared with control (P = 0.04). Sow diet MOS decreased toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) mRNA levels (P < 0.05) and tended to decrease nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) mRNA level (P = 0.07) in piglet intestinal lymphatic. The interaction effects between sow and piglet diets were found on the mRNA levels of NF- κB p65 (P = 0.03) and IL-8 (P = 0.02) in piglet jejunum. Finally, the sow diet MOS decreased proinflammatory cytokines IL-2 (P < 0.01) and IL-4 (P < 0.01) concentrations in piglet serum. Piglets diet MOS decreased the contents of IL-2 (P = 0.03), IL-4 (P = 0.01) and interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.01) while increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P < 0.01) content in serum. The interaction effects between sows and piglet diets on IL-4 (P = 0.02), IL-10 (P < 0.01), and IFN-γ (P = 0.08) were observed. In conclusion, sow and/or piglet diet MOS could improve intestinal microbiota, enhance intestinal mucosal immune competence, and suppress intestinal and systemic inflammation in the piglet.
A combined endoscopic and open surgical approach for chronic retracted proximal hamstring avulsion
Authors: Atzmon Ran , Amar Eyal , Maor Dror , Rath Ehud 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Proximal hamstring avulsion is an uncommon injury which usually requires surgical intervention. When possible, primary surgical fixation is recommended. In chronic hamstring avulsion with significant retraction of the tendon, hamstring reconstructions using an autograft or allograft are required in order to bridge the gap. This is mainly performed using an open surgical technique. We describe a combined endoscopic and open surgical approach to hamstring reconstruction surgery.
Effectiveness of Building-Wide Integrated Pest Management Programs for German Cockroach and Bed Bug in a High-Rise Apartment Building
Authors: Wang Changlu , Eiden Amanda , Cooper Richard , Zha Chen , Wang Desen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBed bug, Cimex lectularius (L.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), and German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), infestations are commonly found in low-income housing communities and result in negative health effects and economic burden. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has been shown to be an effective approach for managing these pests, yet practice of IPM in housing communities is very limited. We evaluated the effectiveness of a contractor-led bed bug IPM program and researcher-led cockroach IPM program in a high-rise apartment building for 1 yr. A second apartment building that received conventional monthly pest control service was used as control. The bed bug infestation rate decreased from 9% at 0 mo to 3% at 12 mo (63% reduction), even though the contractor only partially followed the IPM protocol; the German cockroach infestation rate decreased from 49% at 0 mo to 12% at 12 mo (75% reduction). In the control building, no monitors were installed in the infested apartments and the apartments received cursory treatment services from an existing pest control contractor. The bed bug infestation rate increased from 6% at 0 mo to 12% at 12 mo (117% increase); the German cockroach infestation rate decreased from 47% at 0 mo to 29% at 12 mo (39% reduction). IPM is a much more effective approach for building-wide control of cockroaches and bed bugs than conventional pest control service. This study confirms the benefit of building-wide IPM on pest reduction and challenges existed for carrying out IPM programs in low-income communities.
Dural Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma in an XRCC2 Mutation Carrier
Authors: Gvozdjan Kristina , Zacharia Brad E , Bayerl Michael G , Tomi-Olugbodi Adeola , Boyer Cinda , Specht Charles S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dural extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is a rare entity without an associated recurrent genetic abnormality. Only one case has been described in a woman with history of breast carcinoma without a known genetic predisposition. Here, we report a case of a 56-year-old woman heterozygous for XRCC2 mutation with a history of Graves’ disease and bilateral breast carcinomas, who was found to have a diffusely infiltrative extra-axial mass in the high parietal convexity with infiltration into the adjacent superior sagittal sinus. The morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings were diagnostic of MALT lymphoma. Staging bone marrow demonstrated involvement by the neoplasm. Although the study was limited to only the clinically significant laboratory evaluation, it may serve as an important addition to the current knowledge of the pathogenic potential of a loss of function mutation in this rarely reported cancer predisposition gene.
Geometric morphometrics and machine learning challenge currently accepted species limits of the land snail Placostylus (Pulmonata: Bothriembryontidae) on the Isle of Pines, New Caledonia
Authors: Quenu Mathieu , Trewick Steven A , Brescia Fabrice , Morgan-Richards Mary 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSize and shape variations of shells can be used to identify natural phenotypic clusters and thus delimit snail species. Here, we apply both supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms to a geometric morphometric dataset to investigate size and shape variations of the shells of the endemic land snail Placostylus from New Caledonia. We sampled eight populations of Placostylus from the Isle of Pines, where two species of this genus reportedly coexist. We used neural network analysis as a supervised learning algorithm and Gaussian mixture models as an unsupervised learning algorithm. Using a training dataset of individuals assigned to species using nuclear markers, we found that supervised learning algorithms could not unambiguously classify all individuals of our expanded dataset using shell size and shape. Unsupervised learning showed that the optimal division of our data consisted of three phenotypic clusters. Two of these clusters correspond to the established species Placostylus fibratus and P. porphyrostomus, while the third cluster was intermediate in both shape and size. Most of the individuals that were not clearly classified using supervised learning were classified to this intermediate phenotype by unsupervised learning, and most of these individuals came from previously unsampled populations. These results may indicate the presence of persistent putative-hybrid populations of Placostylus in the Isle of Pines.
Ensembl 2020
Authors: Yates Andrew D , Achuthan Premanand , Akanni Wasiu , Allen James , Allen Jamie , Alvarez-Jarreta Jorge , Amode M Ridwan , Armean Irina M , Azov Andrey G , Bennett Ruth , Bhai Jyothish , Billis Konstantinos , Boddu Sanjay , Marugán José Carlos , Cummins Carla , Davidson Claire , Dodiya Kamalkumar , Fatima Reham , Gall Astrid , Giron Carlos Garcia , Gil Laurent , Grego Tiago , Haggerty Leanne , Haskell Erin , Hourlier Thibaut , Izuogu Osagie G , Janacek Sophie H , Juettemann Thomas , Kay Mike , Lavidas Ilias , Le Tuan , Lemos Diana , Martinez Jose Gonzalez , Maurel Thomas , McDowall Mark , McMahon Aoife , Mohanan Shamika , Moore Benjamin , Nuhn Michael , Oheh Denye N , Parker Anne , Parton Andrew , Patricio Mateus , Sakthivel Manoj Pandian , Abdul Salam Ahamed Imran , Schmitt Bianca M , Schuilenburg Helen , Sheppard Dan , Sycheva Mira , Szuba Marek , Taylor Kieron , Thormann Anja , Threadgold Glen , Vullo Alessandro , Walts Brandon , Winterbottom Andrea , Zadissa Amonida , Chakiachvili Marc , Flint Bethany , Frankish Adam , Hunt Sarah E , IIsley Garth , Kostadima Myrto , Langridge Nick , Loveland Jane E , Martin Fergal J , Morales Joannella , Mudge Jonathan M , Muffato Matthieu , Perry Emily , Ruffier Magali , Trevanion Stephen J , Cunningham Fiona , Howe Kevin L , Zerbino Daniel R , Flicek Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Ensembl (https://www.ensembl.org) is a system for generating and distributing genome annotation such as genes, variation, regulation and comparative genomics across the vertebrate subphylum and key model organisms. The Ensembl annotation pipeline is capable of integrating experimental and reference data from multiple providers into a single integrated resource. Here, we present 94 newly annotated and re-annotated genomes, bringing the total number of genomes offered by Ensembl to 227. This represents the single largest expansion of the resource since its inception. We also detail our continued efforts to improve human annotation, developments in our epigenome analysis and display, a new tool for imputing causal genes from genome-wide association studies and visualisation of variation within a 3D protein model. Finally, we present information on our new website. Both software and data are made available without restriction via our website, online tools platform and programmatic interfaces (available under an Apache 2.0 license) and data updates made available four times a year.
TFBSshape: an expanded motif database for DNA shape features of transcription factor binding sites
Authors: Chiu Tsu-Pei , Xin Beibei , Markarian Nicholas , Wang Yingfei , Rohs Remo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTFBSshape (https://tfbsshape.usc.edu) is a motif database for analyzing structural profiles of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). The main rationale for this database is to be able to derive mechanistic insights in protein–DNA readout modes from sequencing data without available structures. We extended the quantity and dimensionality of TFBSshape, from mostly in vitro to in vivo binding and from unmethylated to methylated DNA. This new release of TFBSshape improves its functionality and launches a responsive and user-friendly web interface for easy access to the data. The current expansion includes new entries from the most recent collections of transcription factors (TFs) from the JASPAR and UniPROBE databases, methylated TFBSs derived from in vitro high-throughput EpiSELEX-seq binding assays and in vivo methylated TFBSs from the MeDReaders database. TFBSshape content has increased to 2428 structural profiles for 1900 TFs from 39 different species. The structural profiles for each TFBS entry now include 13 shape features and minor groove electrostatic potential for standard DNA and four shape features for methylated DNA. We improved the flexibility and accuracy for the shape-based alignment of TFBSs and designed new tools to compare methylated and unmethylated structural profiles of TFs and methods to derive DNA shape-preserving nucleotide mutations in TFBSs.
The economics of dams
Authors: Jeuland Marc 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dams provide a host of benefits to societies, helping to balance variability in water availability with demand for multiple uses, allowing power generation, providing and enhancing recreation opportunities, and offering protection against damaging floods. Yet dams are often controversial due to their high investment requirements, unequal distributional effects, and concerns over the irreparable harm they may cause to free-flowing rivers and ecosystems. This paper considers the economic case for such projects, organized around a review of what we know about their value and impacts. Though heterogeneity across contexts is a common feature of interventions in many sectors, we argue that it is particularly acute in the case of dams, and that this creates difficulties for drawing general conclusions about their social value. Still, evidence suggests that investment in additional surface water storage may not always be the best solution for addressing water scarcity. Furthermore, a number of biases and blind spots exist in economic frameworks used to evaluate dams, and these often challenge analysts’ ability to correctly identify which projects will be most attractive. Perhaps due to some of these perceived deficiencies, policy-makers do not appear to make much use of economic analyses for decision-making about dams. If progress is to be made in avoiding costly mistakes related to construction and removal of such infrastructures in the future, economists need to improve the realism and methods underlying their analyses of the value of dams, and offer more useful interpretations of the results that these approaches produce.
Surgical Reconstruction of Complex Distal Foot Defects With Vascularized Fascia Lata
Authors: Liu Mengdong , Yang Yunshu , Zhang Yong , Yang Xuekang , Hu Dahai 
Published: October 2019

Background
Reconstruction of distal foot defect remains a challenge in plastic surgery. The purpose of this report is to present a new procedure that repairs these defects in severe burn patients. Results of application and follow-up in 7 patients were presented.

Methods
From January 2016 to March 2018, a total of 7 patients (age ranging from 21 to 57 years) with distal foot defects were treated in our department. All the wounds were caused by severe burns and repaired by the free vascularized fascia lata combined with thin split-skin graft. After the operation, the status of the fascia flaps and grafted skin was observed, and follow-up information and complications were documented.

Results
Among the 7 patients, the flaps and grafted skins completely survived in 5 patients. One patient was found to have grafted skin necrosis in the perioperative period, and 1 patient was found to have partial flap necrosis in the follow-up period. After conventional dressing treatment and skin grafting, the wounds healed in both patients. The mean follow-up was 6 months.

Conclusions
The method of combining the free vascularized fascia lata with thin split-skin graft represents a satisfactory approach for the repairing of distal foot defects.