bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Neuropsychological Process Scores to Identify Subtle Cognitive Decline and Predict Progression to Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Thomas Kelsey R. , Edmonds Emily C. , Eppig Joel , Salmon David P. , Bondi Mark W. ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2018

Background: We previously operationally-defined subtle cognitive decline (SCD) in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using total scores on neuropsychological (NP) tests. NP process scores (i.e., provide information about how a total NP score was achieved) may be a useful tool for identifying early cognitive inefficiencies prior to objective impairment seen in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Objective: We aimed to integrate process scores into the SCD definition to identify stages of SCD and improve early detection of those at risk for decline. Methods: Cognitively “normal” participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were classified as “early” SCD (E-SCD; >1 SD below norm-adjusted mean on 2 process scores or on 1 process score plus 1 NP total score), “late” SCD (L-SCD; existing SCD criteria of >1 SD below norm-adjusted mean on 2 NP total scores in different domains), or “no SCD” (NC). Process scores considered in the SCD criteria were word-list intrusion errors, retroactive interference, and learning slope. Cerebrospinal fluid AD biomarkers were used to examine pathologic burden across groups. Results: E-SCD and L-SCD progressed to MCI 2.5–3.4 times faster than the NC group. Survival curves for E-SCD and L-SCD converged at 7-8 years after baseline. The combined (E-SCD+L-SCD) group had improved sensitivity to detect progression to MCI relative to L-SCD only. AD biomarker positivity increased across NC, SCD, and MCI groups. Conclusions: Process scores can be integrated into the SCD criteria to allow for increased sensitivity and earlier identification of cognitively normal older adults at risk for decline prior to frank impairment on NP total scores.
Relationships between Lower Limb Muscle Strength Impairments and Physical Limitations in DM1
Authors: Petitclerc Émilie , Hébert Luc J. , Mathieu Jean , Desrosiers Johanne , Gagnon Cynthia 
Published: May 2018

Background: Although adult and late-onset DM1 phenotypes DM1 present distinct lower limb weaknesses portraits, resulting physical limitations have never been described separately for each phenotype. Objective: To characterize the lower limb weaknesses and physical limitations among the DM1 adult and late-onset phenotypes separately and to document the contribution of weaknesses on mobility to optimize the management of this population. Methods: The strength of four muscle groups among 198 participants was quantified. Participants were categorized according to the severity of their muscular involvement using the Muscular Impairment Rating Scale (MIRS). Physical limitations were assessed using the Timed up-and-go (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and 10 meters comfortable walking speed (10MWT). Multiple linear regressions were performed to identify the contribution of each muscle group to the mobility tests scores. Results: Late-onset demonstrated less weakness and physical limitations ( p < 0.001 – 0.002) than the adult phenotype, but 21.9–47.5% of participants with this phenotype showed mobility scores below reference values. Physical limitations were observed in the first two MIRS grades (37.5–42.1% of the participants) for the TUG and 10MWT. Ankle dorsiflexors and knee extensors were the two muscle groups that showed the strongest relationships with mobility scores. Conclusion: Although less impaired, the late-onset phenotype shows significant lower limb muscle weakness associated with physical limitations. The surprising presence of quantitative lower limb muscle weakness in the first two MIRS grades needs to be considered when using this scale. Both ankle dorsiflexors and knee extensors appear to be good indicators of physical limitations in DM1.
Efficacy of Rituximab in Refractory Generalized anti-AChR Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Landon-Cardinal Océane , Friedman Diane , Guiguet Marguerite , Laforêt Pascal , Heming Nicholas , Salort-Campana Emmanuelle , Jouen Fabienne , Allenbach Yves , Boyer Olivier , Chatenoud Lucienne , Eymard Bruno , Sharshar Tarek , Benveniste Olivier 
Published: May 2018

Background: Several retrospective case series have suggested rituximab (RTX) might improve patients with refractory Myasthenia Gravis (MG). Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate prospectively the efficacy of RTX on muscle function in refractory generalized anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) MG patients. Methods: Enrolled patients received 1 g of RTX at day 0, day 14, and 6-month follow-up (M6). The primary endpoint was improvement of muscle function at 12-month (M12) based on myasthenic muscle score (MMS). Secondary endpoints were an improvement of the MG Foundation of America Postintervention Status (MGFA-PIS), respiratory forced vital capacity, occurrences of acute MG exacerbation and requirement of associated immunosuppressants and immunomodulatory agents. Results: Twelve patients were enrolled, and 11 completed the study. Only a single patient presented an improvement of at least 20 points on MMS at M12, although 2 patients displayed an increase of at least 18 points at M12. MGFA-PIS had improved in 55% of patients by M12. The clinical improvement was not associated with a reduction of immunosuppressant burden. Conclusions: These results provide data on the effect of RTX in patients with severe, refractory anti-AChR Abs generalized MG. Even though primary outcome was only reached in a single patient at M12, a beneficial effect of RTX on muscle function was seen in half of the patients at M12 and persisted in a third of patients at M18.
Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018
Authors: Torre Lindsey A. , Trabert Britton , DeSantis Carol E. , Miller Kimberly D. , Samimi Goli , Runowicz Carolyn D. , Gaudet Mia M. , Jemal Ahmedin , Siegel Rebecca L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn 2018, there will be approximately 22,240 new cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed and 14,070 ovarian cancer deaths in the United States. Herein, the American Cancer Society provides an overview of ovarian cancer occurrence based on incidence data from nationwide population‐based cancer registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. The status of early detection strategies is also reviewed. In the United States, the overall ovarian cancer incidence rate declined from 1985 (16.6 per 100,000) to 2014 (11.8 per 100,000) by 29% and the mortality rate declined between 1976 (10.0 per 100,000) and 2015 (6.7 per 100,000) by 33%. Ovarian cancer encompasses a heterogenous group of malignancies that vary in etiology, molecular biology, and numerous other characteristics. Ninety percent of ovarian cancers are epithelial, the most common being serous carcinoma, for which incidence is highest in non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs) (5.2 per 100,000) and lowest in non‐Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs) (3.4 per 100,000). Notably, however, APIs have the highest incidence of endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas, which occur at younger ages and help explain comparable epithelial cancer incidence for APIs and NHWs younger than 55 years. Most serous carcinomas are diagnosed at stage III (51%) or IV (29%), for which the 5‐year cause‐specific survival for patients diagnosed during 2007 through 2013 was 42% and 26%, respectively. For all stages of epithelial cancer combined, 5‐year survival is highest in APIs (57%) and lowest in NHBs (35%), who have the lowest survival for almost every stage of diagnosis across cancer subtypes. Moreover, survival has plateaued in NHBs for decades despite increasing in NHWs, from 40% for cases diagnosed during 1992 through 1994 to 47% during 2007 through 2013. Progress in reducing ovarian cancer incidence and mortality can be accelerated by reducing racial disparities and furthering knowledge of etiology and tumorigenesis to facilitate strategies for prevention and early detection. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:284–296. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Primary care for people with an intellectual disability — what is prescribed? An analysis of medication recommendations from the BEACH dataset
Authors: Salomon Carmela , Britt Helena , Pollack Allan , Trollor Julian 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disability (ID) experience a range of health disparities. Little is known about differential primary care prescribing patterns for people with and without ID.AimTo compare medications recommended by GPs at encounters where ID is recorded versus other encounters.Design & settingAnalysis of national Australian GP medication data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) programme, January 2003–December 2012 inclusive.MethodMedication recommendations made at encounters where an ID-defining problem was recorded as a reason for encounter (RFE) and/or as a problem managed, were allocated to the ‘ID group’ (n = 563). These encounters were compared with all other encounters (the ‘non-ID group’, n = 1 004 095) during the study period. Following age–sex standardisation of ID group encounters, significant differences were determined by non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAntipsychotics and anticonvulsants were recommended more frequently at ID group encounters than at non-ID group encounters. Antidepressant and anxiolytic recommendation rates did not differ between groups. Narcotic analgesic and antihypertensive recommendations were significantly lower at ID group encounters.ConclusionHigher rates of epilepsy and mental illness, and off-label use of some antipsychotics and anticonvulsants for behaviour management in people with ID, may have contributed to medication recommendations observed in this analysis. Lower narcotic analgesic recommendations at ID group encounters may relate to complex presentations and the nature of problems managed, while lower antihypertensive recommendations may indicate some potential omission of routine blood pressure measurement.
The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed SNe Ia from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from the Combined Pantheon Sample
Authors: Scolnic D. M. , Jones D. O. , Rest A. , Pan Y. C. , Chornock R. , Foley R. J. , Huber M. E. , Kessler R. , Narayan G. , Riess A. G. , Rodney S. , Berger E. , Brout D. J. , Challis P. J. , Drout M. , Finkbeiner D. , Lunnan R. , Kirshner R. P. , Sanders N. E. , Schlafly E. , Smartt S. , Stubbs C. W. , Tonry J. , Wood-Vasey W. M. , Foley M. , Hand J. , Johnson E. , Burgett W. S. , Chambers K. C. , Draper P. W. , Hodapp K. W. , Kaiser N. , Kudritzki R. P. , Magnier E. A. , Metcalfe N. , Bresolin F. , Gall E. , Kotak R. , McCrum M. , Smith K. W. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present optical light curves, redshifts, and classifications for

spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered by the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) Medium Deep Survey. We detail improvements to the PS1 SN photometry, astrometry, and calibration that reduce the systematic uncertainties in the PS1 SN Ia distances. We combine the subset of

PS1 SNe Ia (0.03 < z < 0.68) with useful distance estimates of SNe Ia from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), SNLS, and various low-z and Hubble Space Telescope samples to form the largest combined sample of SNe Ia, consisting of a total of

SNe Ia in the range of 0.01 < z < 2.3, which we call the “Pantheon Sample.” When combining Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements with the Pantheon SN sample, we find

and

for the wCDM model. When the SN and CMB constraints are combined with constraints from BAO and local H
0 measurements, the analysis yields the most precise measurement of dark energy to date:

and

for the

CDM model. Tension with a cosmological constant previously seen in an analysis of PS1 and low-z SNe has diminished after an increase of 2× in the statistics of the PS1 sample, improved calibration and photometry, and stricter light-curve quality cuts. We find that the systematic uncertainties in our measurements of dark energy are almost as large as the statistical uncertainties, primarily due to limitations of modeling the low-redshift sample. This must be addressed for future progress in using SNe Ia to measure dark energy.
The Dependence of Convective Core Overshooting on Stellar Mass: Additional Binary Systems and Improved Calibration
Authors: Claret Antonio , Torres Guillermo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Many current stellar evolution models assume some dependence of the strength of convective core overshooting on mass for stars more massive than 1.1–1.2 M
☉, but the adopted shapes for that relation have remained somewhat arbitrary for lack of strong observational constraints. In previous work, we compared stellar evolution models to well-measured eclipsing binaries to show that, when overshooting is implemented as a diffusive process, the fitted free parameter f
ov rises sharply up to about 2 M
☉, and remains largely constant thereafter. Here, we analyze a new sample of eight binaries selected to be in the critical mass range below 2 M
☉ where f
ov is changing the most, nearly doubling the number of individual stars in this regime. This interval is important because the precise way in which f
ov changes determines the shape of isochrones in the turnoff region of ∼1–5 Gyr clusters, and can thus affect their inferred ages. It also has a significant influence on estimates of stellar properties for exoplanet hosts, on stellar population synthesis, and on the detailed modeling of interior stellar structures, including the calculation of oscillation frequencies that are observable with asteroseismic techniques. We find that the derived f
ov values for our new sample are consistent with the trend defined by our earlier determinations, and strengthen the relation. This provides an opportunity for future series of models to test the new prescription, grounded on observations, against independent observations that may constrain overshooting in a different way.
The Emission and Distribution of Dust of the Torus of NGC 1068
Authors: Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Fuller Lindsay , Alonso-Herrero Almudena , Efstathiou Andreas , Ichikawa Kohei , Levenson Nancy A. , Packham Chris , Radomski James , Almeida Cristina Ramos , Benford Dominic J. , Berthoud Marc , Hamilton Ryan , Harper Doyal , Kovávcs Attila , Santos Fabio P. , Staguhn J. , Herter Terry 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present observations of NGC 1068 covering the 19.7–53.0 μm wavelength range using FORCAST and HAWC+ on board SOFIA. Using these observations, high-angular-resolution infrared (IR) and submillimeter observations, we find an observational turnover of the torus emission in the 30–40 μm wavelength range with a characteristic temperature of 70–100 K. This component is clearly different from the diffuse extended emission in the narrow line and star formation regions at 10–100 μm within the central 700 pc. We compute 2.2–432 μm 2D images using the best inferred clumpy torus model based on several nuclear spectral energy distribution (SED) coverages. We find that when 1–20 μm SED is used, the inferred result gives a small torus size (<4 pc radius) and a steep radial dust distribution. The computed torus using the 1–432 μm SED provides comparable torus sizes,

pc radius, and morphology to the recently resolved 432 μm Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations. This result indicates that the 1–20 μm wavelength range is not able to probe the full extent of the torus. The characterization of the turnover emission of the torus using the 30–60 μm wavelength range is sensitive to the detection of cold dust in the torus. The morphology of the dust emission in our 2D image at 432 μm is spatially coincident with the cloud distribution, while the morphology of the emission in the 1–20 μm wavelength range shows an elongated morphology perpendicular to the cloud distribution. We find that our 2D clumpy torus image at 12 μm can produce comparable results to those observed using IR interferometry.
Vers un management décomplexé de l’assurance maladie des Yvelines
Authors: Négaret Patrick 
Published: May 2018

Une caisse d’assurance maladie à la pointe de l’innovation managériale ? Patrick Négaret fait tomber les préjugés en engageant, à la CPAM des Yvelines, un vaste chantier de libération des énergies ayant pour mots d’ordre l’autonomisation, la confiance ou encore la reconnaissance.
Effect of Cycloplegia on Optical Biometry in Pediatric Eyes
Authors: Raina Usha K. , Gupta Shantanu Kumar , Gupta Anika , Goray Apurva , Saini Varun 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To study the effect of cycloplegia on optical biometry parameters in pediatric eyes using the Lenstar LS 900 (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland).

Methods:
In this observational and comparative study, 56 normal eyes and 20 cataractous eyes in children between 5 and 15 years of age were included. Measurements were taken before and after cycloplegia using 2% homatropine drops. Parameters studied were axial length, central corneal thickness, keratometry, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the effects of cycloplegia on all parameters.

Results:

Cycloplegia resulted in a statistically significant decrease in axial length (
P
< .05), central corneal thickness (
P
< .05), and lens thickness (
P
< .001) and an increase in the anterior chamber depth (
P
< .001) in normal eyes. In the cataract group, cycloplegia resulted in an increase in anterior chamber depth (
P
< .001) and decrease in lens thickness (
P
< .001).

Conclusions:
Biometry measurements have to be carefully interpreted in pediatric eyes where cycloplegia is an important part of the examination.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(4):260–265.]
Spontaneous Reattachment of the Medial Rectus After Free Tenotomy
Authors: Adams Daniel L. , Rapone Brittany C. , Economides John R. , Horton Jonathan C. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To assess the outcome of free tenotomy of the medial rectus muscle in post-natal monkeys.

Methods:
The medial rectus muscle was disinserted in both eyes of 6 macaques at age 4 weeks to induce an alternating exotropia. After the impact on the visual cortex and superior colliculus was investigated, the animals were examined post-mortem to assess the anatomy of the medial rectus muscles.

Results:
After tenotomy, the monkeys eventually recovered partial adduction. Necropsy revealed that all 12 medial rectus muscles had reattached to the globe. They were firmly connected via an abnormally long tendon, but at the native insertion site.

Conclusions:
Medial rectus muscles are able to reattach spontaneously to the eye following free tenotomy in post-natal macaques. The early timing of surgery and the large size of the globe relative to the orbit may explain why reinsertion occurs more readily in monkeys than in children with a lost muscle after strabismus surgery.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(5):335-338.]
La crise psychiatrique à l’hôpital
Authors: Berenguer Elodie 
Published: May 2018

L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une ethnographie des jugements cliniques dans l’espace de l’hôpital. Il s’appuie sur une lecture interactionniste du traitement institutionnel de la crise psychiatrique que représente l’épisode maniaque, défini comme une période d’agitation touchant les personnes vivant avec le diagnostic de trouble bipolaire. L’analyse est centrée sur les interactions entre professionnels et personnes hospitalisées, et explore quatre modalités de traitement qui apparaissent corrélées à la fois à des logiques implicites et à des espaces spécifiques : génération des symptômes et logique affective, qualification des symptômes et logique morale, neutralisation des symptômes et logique disciplinaire, rationalisation des symptômes et logique compassionnelle. Le traitement de l’épisode maniaque, régi par une économie morale du soin, révèle ici son rôle politique d’organisateur de rapports sociaux hiérarchisés, incluant la topographie de l’hôpital dans la construction microsociale d’un ordre négocié propre à l’institution psychiatrique.
Santé, humanitaire et politique : un hôpital itinérant de l’armée chinoise au Vanuatu
Authors: Stuber-Vandame Sanga 
Published: May 2018

À partir de l’observation de l’intervention d’un bateau-hôpital de l’armée chinoise au Vanuatu, État du Pacifique Sud, cet article étudie les nouvelles configurations de la santé globale qui mêlent sanitaire, humanitaire et politique. Cette super-infrastructure éphémère fait se rencontrer experts médicaux de l’armée chinoise et résidents du Vanuatu pour quelques jours. Elle souligne le contexte postcolonial, où la dépendance aux aides extérieures est forte. L’ethnographie des situations engendrées par la présence du bateau-hôpital permet de mettre au jour le fonctionnement de l’unique hôpital public de la capitale Port-Vila. Celui-ci condense un foisonnement de projets qui juxtaposent des logiques internationales, transnationales et nationales. Trois aspects ont été retenus pour appréhender l’intervention humanitaire de l’armée chinoise : la dimension esthétique où le rôle de l’image est prépondérant, la dimension temporelle avec la question des traces et impacts à long terme et la dimension géopolitique.
Ground-dwelling spider assemblages in contrasting habitats in the central South African Grassland Biome
Authors: Haddad Charles R. , Butler Vivian P. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Ground-dwelling spider assemblages in shrublands and cultivated pastures in the South African Grassland Biome have never been comprehensively studied.Objectives: Epigeic spiders were collected in eight different habitats in the Amanzi Private Game Reserve in the Free State to determine assemblages of different vegetation types.Methods: Three of the sampled habitats were contrasting low-lying shrublands; three were contrasting hill aspects (northern slope, southern slope and plateau) in the Buddleja saligna–Searsia burchellii–Olea europaea africana subcommunity; one habitat was cultivated Digitaria eriantha pastures, and the last habitat was an area in and around a freshwater dam. Spiders were sampled by pitfall trapping in early spring (Sept. 2012), mid-summer (Jan. 2013), mid-autumn (Apr. 2013) and mid-winter (July 2013).Results: A total of 2982 adult spiders were collected, representing 129 species and 33 families. Ammoxenidae was the most abundant family (40.85%), followed by Gnaphosidae (21.26%), Zodariidae (10.80%) and Salticidae (10.26%). Gnaphosidae was the most species-rich family (24.81%), followed by Salticidae (13.18%), Lycosidae (11.63%) and Zodariidae (6.20%). Spider activity densities and species richness did not differ significantly between habitats, although significant seasonal fluctuations were detected. The three hill aspects and cultivated D. eriantha pastures had the most distinct assemblages, while those of the three low-lying shrublands and freshwater dam showed considerable overlap.Conclusions: Our results indicate that the aspect of hills has a significant effect in shaping spider assemblages, while the vegetation composition of shrublands is not strongly influential. The unique spider assemblages of cultivated D. eriantha pastures can be attributed to the absence of woody plants.Conservation implications: This was the first study to investigate ground-dwelling spider assemblages in shrublands and cultivated pastures in the South African Grassland Biome. Our study confirms that hill aspects, shrublands and pastures harbour very different spider faunas. When identifying land for potential expansion or establishment of protected areas, conservation planners should ensure that the greatest diversity of vegetation units are included to optimise the conservation of biodiversity.