bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Use of Clean or Sterile Dressing Technique Affect the Incidence of Wound Infection?
Authors: Kent Dea J. , Scardillo Jody N. , Dale Barbara , Pike Caitlin 
Published: March 2018

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this article is to examine the evidence and provide recommendations for the use of clean or sterile dressing technique with dressing application to prevent wound infection.

QUESTION:
In all persons with acute or chronic wounds, does the use of clean or sterile dressing technique affect incidence of wound infection?

SEARCH STRATEGY:
A search of the literature was performed by a trained university librarian, which resulted in 473 articles that examined any age group that dealt with application of a wound dressing using either sterile or nonsterile technique. A systematic approach was used to review titles, abstracts, and text, yielding 4 studies that met inclusion criteria. Strength of the evidence was rated using rating methodology from Essential Evidence Plus: Levels of Evidence and Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, adapted by Gray and colleagues. Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Nursing Research Appraisal Tool was used to rate the quality of the evidence.

FINDINGS:
All 4 studies reported no significant difference in the rate of wound infection when using either clean or sterile technique with dressing application. The strength of the evidence for the identified studies was identified as level 2 (1 level A, 3 level B). The study sizes were variable, and the wounds included do not represent the continuum of wounds clinically encountered across the board.

CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION:
Evidence indicates that the use of clean technique for acute wound care is a clinically effective intervention that does not affect the incidence of infection. There is no recommendation that can be made regarding type of dressing technique for a chronic wound due to the lack of evidence in the literature.
Insights into circovirus host range from the genomic fossil record
Authors: Dennis Tristan P.W. , Flynn Peter J. , de Souza William Marciel , Singer Joshua B. , Moreau Corrie S. , Wilson Sam J. , Gifford Robert J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA diverse range of DNA sequences derived from circoviruses (family Circoviridae) have been identified in samples obtained from humans and domestic animals, often in association with pathological conditions. In the majority of cases, however, little is known about the natural biology of the viruses from which these sequences are derived. Endogenous circoviral elements (CVe) are DNA sequences derived from circoviruses that occur in animal genomes and provide a useful source of information about circovirus-host relationships. In this study we screened genome assemblies of 675 animal species and identified numerous circovirus-related sequences, including the first examples of CVe derived from cycloviruses. We confirmed the presence of these CVe in the germline of the elongate twig ant (Pseudomyrmex gracilis), thereby establishing that cycloviruses infect insects. We examined the evolutionary relationships between CVe and contemporary circoviruses, showing that CVe from ants and mites group relatively closely with cycloviruses in phylogenies. Furthermore, the relatively random interspersal of CVe from insect genomes with cyclovirus sequences recovered from vertebrate samples, suggested that contamination might be an important consideration in studies reporting these viruses. Our study demonstrates how endogenous viral sequences can inform metagenomics-based virus discovery. In addition, it raises doubts about the role of cycloviruses as pathogens of humans and other vertebrates.
Na/K pump: Single-channel vs. Two-access-channel
Authors: Liang P. , Mast J. , Chen W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe re-studied the dialyzed Na/K pumps, the experimental foundation for the two-access-channel model. We found that the charge-movement pump currents, the major evidence for the two-access-channel, are only observed in certain situations. Once the stimulation pulse is high enough at low ionic concentration gradient, the backward pump currents disappeared. The two-directional charge movement pump currents become uni-directional pump currents showing that ions have passed through the channel across the cell membrane.A modified single-channel configuration is introduced to explain the pump currents as two-way charge movement current and the one-way current. The negatively charged amino acids deeply inside the pump channel constitute a spatial array that function as a collimator to align the moving ions in the channel lumen and an energy-well for the moving cations. If the stimulation pulse cannot drive ions to overcome the ionic concentration gradient, the ions will be entrapped into the energy-well as if the pump channel is obstructed showing two separated access-channels. Once the stimulation pulse is high enough to drive ions overcoming the ionic concentration gradient, ions will pass through the channel across the cell membrane so that Na/K pumps exhibit a single channel configuration.
Cellular structure analysis based on magnetic induction finite element method simulations and measurements
Authors: Tang J. , Lu M. , Yin W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBiological samples exhibit frequency dependent spectra caused by the dispersion mechanism which describes a phenomenon of dielectric relaxation due to the interaction between electromagnetic field and biological samples at cellular levels. Changes in cellular structure such as cellular shape, membrane thickness and integrity could affect bio-impedance spectra.In this paper, the influence of cellular shape, membrane thickness and integrity on dielectric properties of biological cells suspension is simulated using a custom developed FEM solver. In its 2D version, the AC conduction case is simulated. In its 3D version, magnetic induction case is simulated. And a new method for calculating the equivalent complex conductivity of biological cell suspension along the eddy current direction is introduced.Membrane integrity on beta dispersion was experimentally investigated using AC conduction (contact electrode) method on potato samples.This suggests that bio-impedance measurements could provide indication of cellular structural changes of biological samples. This could be useful for biomedical, pharmaceutical and food inspection applications.
Direct Evidence of Effect of Glycerol on Hydration and Helix-to-Sheet Transition of Myoglobin
Authors: Hirai M. , Ajito S. , Sugiyama M. , Iwase H. , Takata S.-I. , Shimizu N. , Igarashi N. , Martel A. , Porcar L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBy using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), small-angle neutron scattering, and theoretical scattering function simulation, we have clarified the effect of glycerol on both the thermal structure transition and the hydration-shell of myoglobin. At the glycerol concentration, ≤ ∼40 % v/v, the decreasing tendency in the maximum dimension and the radius of gyration was observed by X-ray scattering. The neutron scattering result using the inverse contrast variation method directly shows the preservation of the hydration-shell density at the concentration ≤ ∼40 % v/v. This phenomenon is reasonably explained by the preferential exclusion of glycerol from the protein surface to preserve the hydration shell, as suggested by the previous studies. While, at the concentration, ≥ 50 % v/v, the opposite tendency was observed. It suggests the preferential solvation (partial preferential penetration or replacement of glycerol into or with hydration-shell water surrounding the protein surface) occurs at the higher concentration. The observed WAXS scattering data covers the distinct hierarchical structural levels of myoglobin structure ranging from the tertiary structure to the secondary one. Therefore, we have clarified the effect of glycerol on the thermal structural stability myoglobin at different hierarchical structural levels separately. Against the temperature rise, the structural transition temperatures for all hierarchical structural levels were elevated. Especially, the tertiary structure of myoglobin was more stabilized compared with the internal-structure and the helix-to-cross transition. It suggests that the protective action of glycerol on protein structures essentially results from the preservation of the preferential hydration-shell of proteins.
Monomeric streptavidin: a versatile regenerative handle for force spectroscopy
Authors: Bauer Magnus S. , Milles Lukas F. , Sedlak Steffen M. , Gaub Hermann E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMost avidin-based handles in force spectroscopy are tetravalent biotin binders. Tetravalency presents two issues: multiple pulling geometries as well as multiple targets bound simultaneously. Additionally, such tetravalent handles require elaborate purification protocols in order to reassemble. A stoichiometric, monomeric variant of streptavidin (mcSA2) had been engineered previously. It is readily expressed and purified, and it binds biotin with a nanomolar KD. For atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (AFM-SMFS), we fused the monomeric streptavidin with a small protein domain as an experimental fingerprint and to improve solubility. A ybbR-tag was additionally included for covalent site-specific tethering. Rupture forces of the mcSA2:biotin complex were found to be in a comparable range above 150 pN at force loading rates of 1E4 pN/s as for previously published, tetravalent streptavidin:biotin systems. Additionally, when tethering mcSA2 from its C-terminus, rupture forces were found to be slightly higher than when tethered N-terminally. Due to its monomeric nature, mcSA2 could also be chemically denatured and subsequently refolded - and thus regenerated during an experiment, in case the handle gets misfolded or clogged. We show that mcSA2 features a straightforward expression and purification with flexible tags, high stability, regeneration possibilities and an unambiguous pulling geometry. Combined, these properties establish mcSA2 as a reliable handle for single-molecule force spectroscopy.
Gut microbiota density influences host physiology and is shaped by host and microbial factors
Authors: Contijoch Eduardo J. , Britton Graham J. , Yang Chao , Mogno Ilaria , Li Zhihua , Ng Ruby , Llewellyn Sean R. , Hira Sheela , Johnson Crystal , Rabinowitz Keren M. , Barkan Revital , Dotan Iris , Hirten Robert P. , Fu Shih-Chen , Luo Yuying , Yang Nancy , Luong Tramy , Labrias Philippe R. , Lira Sergio A. , Peter Inga , Grinspan Ari , Clemente Jose C. , Kosoy Roman , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Qin Xiaochen , Castillo Anabella , Hurley Amanda , Atreja Ashish , Rogers Jason , Fasihuddin Farah , Saliaj Merjona , Nolan Amy , Reyes-Mercedes Pamela , Rodriguez Carina , Aly Sarah , Santa-Cruz Kenneth , Peters Lauren A. , Suárez-Fariñas Mayte , Huang Ruiqi , Hao Ke , Zhu Jun , Zhang Bin , Losic Bojan , Irizar Haritz , Song Won-Min , Di Narzo Antonio , Wang Wenhui , Cohen Benjamin L. , DiMaio Christopher , Greenwald David , Itzkowitz Steven , Lucas Aimee , Marion James , Maser Elana , Ungaro Ryan , Naymagon Steven , Novak Joshua , Shah Brijen , Ullman Thomas , Rubin Peter , George James , Legnani Peter , Telesco Shannon E , Friedman Joshua R. , Brodmerkel Carrie , Plevy Scott , Cho Judy , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Schadt Eric , Argmann Carmen , Dubinsky Marla , Kasarskis Andrew , Sands Bruce , Faith Jeremiah J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo identify factors that regulate gut microbiota density and the impact of varied microbiota density on health, we assayed this fundamental ecosystem property in fecal samples across mammals, human disease, and therapeutic interventions. Physiologic features of the host (carrying capacity) and the fitness of the gut microbiota shape microbiota density. Therapeutic manipulation of microbiota density in mice altered host metabolic and immune homeostasis. In humans, gut microbiota density was reduced in Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. The gut microbiota in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection had lower density and reduced fitness that were restored by fecal microbiota transplantation. Understanding the interplay between microbiota and disease in terms of microbiota density, host carrying capacity, and microbiota fitness provide new insights into microbiome structure and microbiome targeted therapeutics.
Altered Reward Processing in Abstinent Dependent Cannabis Users: Social Context Matters
Authors: Zimmermann Kaeli , Kendrick Keith M. , Scheele Dirk , Dau Wolfgang , Banger Markus , Maier Wolfgang , Weber Bernd , Ma Yina , Hurlemann René , Becker Benjamin 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTPublic perception of cannabis as relatively harmless, alongside claimed medical benefits, have led to moves towards its legalization. Yet, long-term consequences of cannabis dependence, and whether they differ qualitatively from other drugs, are still poorly understood. A key feature of addictive drugs is that chronic use leads to adaptations in reward processing, blunting responsivity to the substance itself and other rewarding stimuli. Against this background, the present study investigated whether cannabis dependence is associated with reductions in hedonic representations by measuring behavioral and neural responses to social reward in 23 abstinent cannabis-dependent men and 24 matched non-using controls. In an interpersonal pleasant touch fMRI paradigm, participants were led to believe they were in physical closeness of or touched (CLOSE, TOUCH) by either a male or female experimenter (MALE, FEMALE), allowing the assessment of touch- and social context-dependent (i.e. female compared to male social interaction) reward dynamics.Upon female compared to male touch, dependent cannabis users displayed a significantly attenuated increase of reward experience compared to healthy controls. Controls responded to female as compared to male interaction with increased striatal activation whereas cannabis users displayed the opposite activation pattern, with stronger alterations being associated with a higher lifetime exposure to cannabis. Neural processing of pleasant touch in dependent cannabis users remained intact.These findings demonstrate that cannabis dependence in men is linked to similar lasting neuroadaptations in striatal responsivity to hedonic stimuli as observed for other drugs of abuse. However, reward processing deficits seem to depend on the social context.
The Invisible Maze Task (IMT): Interactive Exploration of Sparse Virtual Environments to Investigate Action-Driven Formation of Spatial Representations
Authors: Gehrke Lukas , Iversen John R. , Makeig Scott , Gramann Klaus 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe neuroscientific study of human navigation has been con-strained by the prerequisite of traditional brain imaging studies that re-quire participants to remain stationary. Such imaging approaches neglect a central component that characterizes navigation -the multisensory ex-perience of self-movement. Navigation by active movement through space combines multisensory perception with internally generated self-motion cues. We investigated the spatial micro genesis during free ambulatory exploration of interactive sparse virtual environments using motion cap-ture synchronized to high resolution electroencephalographic (EEG) data as well psychometric and self-report measures. In such environments, map-like allocentric representations must be constructed out of transient, egocentric first-person perspective 3-D spatial information. Considering individual differences of spatial learning ability, we studied if changes in exploration behavior coincide with spatial learning of an environment. To this end, we analyzed the quality of sketch maps (a description of spatial learning) that were produced after repeated learning trials for differently complex maze environments. We observed significant changes in active exploration behavior from the first to the last exploration of a maze: a decrease in time spent in the maze predicted an increase in subsequent sketch map quality. Furthermore, individual differences in spatial abilities as well as differences in the level of experienced immersion revealed an impact on the quality of spatial learning. Our results demonstrate the feasibility to observe behavioral changes associated with spatial learning, opening the way to the study of cortical dynamics of navigation.
Tolerogenic transcriptome landscape in CD8+ T lymphocytes after exposure to erythrocyte-targeted antigens
Authors: Grimm Alizée J. , Gobet Cédric , Diaceri Giacomo , Quaglia-Thermes Xavier , Hubbell Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOur group has recently shown induction of antigen-specific T cell tolerance through targeting of the antigen to erythrocytesin situ. The tolerogenic state is characterized by initial proliferation of antigen-specific T cells and subsequent acquisition of signatures associated with both deletional, anergic and regulatory T cell phenotypes. In this study we wished to further understand the molecular mechanisms behind induction of tolerance by erythrocyte-targeted antigens. RNA sequencing was performed to determine how gene expression response is regulated in tolerized ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T cells and which molecular pathways are activated after treatment with this technology. Treatment with erythrocyte-targeted antigens led to the upregulation of genes encoding several TCR co-inhibitory receptors such as CTLA4, PD1, LAG3, TIGIT and CD200R1, and lack of upregulation of cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory signaling molecule genes. Modulation in expression of the master transcription factorsEgr2/NFatc1, Nur77family andE2f1was also observed, all known to be associated with the natural process of establishment of peripheral tolerance. Expression of these genes differed in response to treatment with soluble ovalbumin or SIINFEKL MHCI peptide, suggesting a specific mechanism of T cell modulation and tolerance induction in response to the erythrocyte-associated forms.
NeuroMTL iSEG challenge methods
Authors: Fonov Vladimir S. , Doyle Andrew , Evans Alan C. , Collins D. Louis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe propose a tissue classification method for MRI scans of 6-month old infants, and used it to process the iSeg-2017 challenge data. The method relies on a deep-learning 3D U-Net network, trained with MRI scans of 216 infants, aged 6-24 months, from the ACE-IBIS longitudinal database.
Microtubule minus-end aster organization is driven by processive HSET-tubulin clusters
Authors: Norris Stephen R. , Jung Seungyeon , Singh Prashant , Strothman Claire E. , Erwin Amanda L. , Ohi Melanie D. , Zanic Marija , Ohi Ryoma 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHigher-order structures of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton are comprised of two architectures: bundles and asters. Although both architectures are critical for cellular function, the molecular pathways that drive aster formation are poorly understood. Here, we study aster formation by human minus-end directed kinesin-14 (HSET/KIFC1). We show that HSET is incapable of forming asters from pre-formed, non-growing MTs, but rapidly forms MT asters in the presence of soluble tubulin. HSET binds soluble (non-polymer) tubulin via its N-terminal tail domain to form heterogeneous HSET-tubulin “clusters” containing multiple motors. Cluster formation induces motor processivity and rescues the formation of asters from non-growing MTs. We then show that excess soluble tubulin stimulates aster formation in HeLa cells overexpressing HSET during mitosis. We propose a model where HSET can toggle between MT bundle and aster formation in a manner governed by the availability of soluble tubulin.
Spatial and temporal PCP protein dynamics coordinate cell intercalation during neural tube closure
Authors: Butler Mitchell T. , Wallingford John B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPlanar cell polarity (PCP) controls the convergent extension cell movements that drive axis elongation in all vertebrates. Though asymmetric localization of core PCP proteins is central to their function, we currently understand little about PCP protein localization as it relates to the subcellular behaviors that drive convergent extension. Here, we have used high magnification time-lapse imaging to simultaneously monitor cell intercalation behaviors and the localization of the PCP proteins Prickle2 and Vangl2. We observed the expected asymmetric enrichment of PCP proteins, but more interestingly, we also observed tight temporal and spatial correlation of PCP protein enrichment with contractile behavior in cell-cell junctions. These patterns of localization were associated with similar pattern of protein turnover at junctions as assessed by FRAP. In fact, dynamic enrichment of PCP proteins was linked more strongly to junction behavior than to spatial orientation. Finally, recruitment of Prickle2 and Vangl2 to cell-cell junctions was temporally and spatially coordinated with planar polarized oscillations of actomyosin enrichment, and all of these dynamic relationships were disrupted when PCP signaling was manipulated. Together, these results provide a dynamic and quantitative view of PCP protein localization during convergent extension and suggest a complex and intimate link between the dynamic localization of core PCP proteins, actomyosin assembly, and polarized junction shrinking during cell intercalation of the closing vertebrate neural tube.
Flexible Learning-Free Segmentation and Reconstruction for Sparse Neuronal Circuit Tracing
Authors: Shahbazi Ali , Kinnison Jeffery , Vescovi Rafael , Du Ming , Hill Robert , Joesch Maximilian , Takeno Marc , Zeng Hongkui , Costa Nuno Macarico da , Grutzendler Jaime , Kasthuri Narayanan , Scheirer Walter J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractImaging is a dominant strategy for data collection in neuroscience, yielding stacks of images that often scale to gigabytes of data for a single experiment. Machine learning algorithms from computer vision can serve as a pair of virtual eyes that tirelessly processes these images, automatically constructing more complete and realistic circuits. In practice, such algorithms are often too error-prone and computationally expensive to be immediately useful. We address these shortcomings with a new fast, flexible, learning-free method for sparse segmentation and reconstruction of neural volumes. Unlike learning methods, our Flexible Learning-free Reconstruction of Imaged Neural volumes (FLoRIN) pipeline exploits structure-specific contextual clues and requires no training. This approach generalizes across different modalities, including serially-sectioned scanning electron microscopy (sSEM) of genetically labeled and contrast enhanced processes, spectral confocal reflectance (SCoRe) microscopy, and high-energy synchrotron X-ray microtomography (μCT) of large tissue volumes. We deploy the FLoRIN pipeline on newly published and novel mouse datasets, demonstrating the high biological fidelity of the pipeline’s reconstructions, which are of sufficient quality for preliminary biological study. Compared to existing supervised learning methods, it is both significantly faster (up to several orders of magnitude) and produces high-quality reconstructions that are robust to noise and artifacts.