bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac hypertrophy limits infarct expansion after myocardial infarction in mice
Authors: Iismaa Siiri E. , Li Ming , Kesteven Scott , Wu Jianxin , Chan Andrea Y. , Holman Sara R. , Calvert John W. , Haq Ahtesham ul , Nicks Amy M. , Naqvi Nawazish , Husain Ahsan , Feneley Michael P. , Graham Robert M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that adult transgenic C57BL/6J mice with CM-restricted overexpression of the dominant negative W
v
mutant protein (dn-c-kit-Tg) respond to pressure overload with robust cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle entry. Here, we tested if outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI) due to coronary artery ligation are improved in this transgenic model. Compared to non-transgenic littermates (NTLs), adult male dn-c-kit-Tg mice displayed CM hypertrophy and concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in the absence of an increase in workload. Stroke volume and cardiac output were preserved and LV wall stress was markedly lower than that in NTLs, leading to a more energy-efficient heart. In response to MI, infarct size in adult (16-week old) dn-c-kit-Tg hearts was similar to that of NTL after 24 h but was half that in NTL hearts 12 weeks post-MI. Cumulative CM cell cycle entry was only modestly increased in dn-c-kit-Tg hearts. However, dn-c-kit-Tg mice were more resistant to infarct expansion, adverse LV remodelling and contractile dysfunction, and suffered no early death from LV rupture, relative to NTL mice. Thus, pre-existing cardiac hypertrophy lowers wall stress in dn-c-kit-Tg hearts, limits infarct expansion and prevents death from myocardial rupture.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on the Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Jiang Ming-Yan , Hwang Jyh-Chang , Feng I-Jung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are associated with insulin resistance and are at higher risk to develop diabetes mellitus (DM). SLE and DM could lead to renal failure respectively. However, it is unknown whether DM increases the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in SLE patients. This study aimed to evaluate potential synergistic effect of DM on SLE patients for development of ESRD. We conducted this study by using National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. We recruited SLE patients with newly-diagnosed DM as the study cohort. A comparison cohort at a 1:1 ratio of SLE patients without DM matched by age, sex, age at the diagnosis of SLE, duration between diagnosis of SLE and DM, and various comorbidities through propensity score matching were recruited. After 5.01 ± 3.13 years follow-up, the incidence of ESRD was significantly higher in the DM group than in the non-DM group (Incidence rate ratio: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.70–4.32). After control of confounding factors, DM was not an independent risk factor of ESRD. After starting dialysis, DM patients had a similar mortality rate to those without DM. In summary, SLE patients superimposed with subsequent DM are associated with potentially higher risk to develop ESRD.
Adverse Cerebral Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery—More Than a Decade of Experience in a Single Center
Authors: Consalvi Carrie , Healey Allison , Rivera Bridget , Poulin Katherine , Mohr Rephael , Ziv-Baran Tomer , Loberman Dan 
Published: April 2018

Background Nonfatal strokes, transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), and reversible ischemic neurological deficits (RIND) after elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are devastating clinical problems. The anesthesiologist, surgical and intensive care teams in a community hospital adopted a strategy developed in an effort to minimize these adverse outcome events.The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of and predictors for perioperative adverse neurologic events.
Methods A historical cohort study of 1,108 consecutive CABG patients operated between 2002 and 2014. Outcomes were defined as (1) a new neurologic damage (a new stroke, TIA, or RIND) and (2) a new neurologic damage or 30 days mortality.
Results Adverse cerebral outcomes occurred in 16 patients (1.4 percent). Nine patients had postoperative stroke, six suffered TIAs, and one had postoperative RIND.In multivariate analysis, older age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14), congestive heart failure (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.22–10.49) and prior stroke (OR 6.27, 95% CI 1.78–22.03) were significantly associated with increased risk of new neurologic damage. These parameters were also significantly associated with increased risk of the combined outcome (new neurologic damage/mortality).
Conclusions A low incidence rate of adverse cerebral outcomes after CABG in community hospital can be achieved with the use of the suggested surgical intensive care, and anesthetic strategy. Advanced age, congestive heart failure, and prior stroke are associated with adverse outcomes.
The Impact of RSV-Associated Respiratory Disease on Children in Asia
Authors: Divarathne Maduja , Ahamed Rukshan , Noordeen Faseeha 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAcute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are leading contributors to the global infectious disease burden, which is estimated to be 112,900,000 disability adjusted life years. Viruses contribute to the etiology of ARTIs in a big way compared with other microorganisms. Since the discovery of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 61 years ago, the virus has been recognized as a major cause of ARTI and hospitalization in children. The morbidity and mortality attributable to RSV infection appear to be higher in infants < 3 months and in those with known risk factors such as prematurity, chronic lung, and congenital heart diseases. Crowded living conditions, exposure to tobacco smoke, and industrial or other types of air pollution also increase the risk of RSV-associated ARTI. Many epidemiological studies have been conducted in developed countries to understand the seasonal patterns and risk factors associated with RSV infections. Dearth of information on RSV-associated morbidity and mortality in Asian and developing countries indicates the need for regional reviews to evaluate RSV-associated disease burden in these countries. Epidemiological studies including surveillance is the key to track the disease burden including risk factors, seasonality, morbidity, and mortality associated with RSV infection in these countries. These data will contribute to improve the clinical diagnosis and plan preventive strategies in resource-limited developing countries.
Preferences and Practices of U.S. Ophthalmology Residency Program Directors Regarding Post-interview Communication with Residency Applicants
Authors: Chen Allison , Tran Elaine , Clark Melissa , Scott Ingrid , Greenberg Paul 
Published: April 2018

Importance Little is known about the perspectives and practices of U.S. ophthalmology residency program directors (PDs) regarding communication between PDs and applicants during the post-interview residency match period.
Objective To investigate the preferences and practices of ophthalmology residency PDs regarding post-interview communication between PDs and residency applicants during the residency match period.
Design and Setting Web-based anonymous survey.
Participants Directors of ophthalmology residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.
Results The response rate was 64% (74/116). The majority (75%; 55/73) of PDs preferred that PDs and residency applicants not communicate during the post-interview period; the main reasons were that such communication was not ethical and not productive. In addition, 62% (46/74) of PDs believed that the Ophthalmology Matching Program should institute a policy of no post-interview communication between applicants and faculty during the residency match period.
Conclusion and Relevance The majority of U.S. ophthalmology residency PDs favor instituting a policy of no post-interview communication between applicants and faculty during the residency match period.
Differenzialdiagnose der CK-Erhöhung
Authors: Kley Rudolf , Schmidt-Wilcke Tobias , Vorgerd Matthias 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungEine erhöhte Aktivität der Kreatinkinase (CK) im Serum ist in der Regel ein Indikator für eine Muskelschädigung. Eine HyperCKämie ist häufig ein Zufallsbefund und sollte, insbesondere bei asymptomatischen Patienten, zunächst nach mehrtägiger Vermeidung körperlicher Belastung kontrolliert werden. Zudem sprechen Daten aus neueren Studien dafür, dass die aktuellen Normwerte nach oben hin korrigiert werden müssen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit enthält einen Algorithmus zur differenzialdiagnostischen Abklärung einer CK-Erhöhung bei Patienten ohne muskuläre Beschwerdesymptomatik. Auf neurologischem Fachgebiet können insbesondere Myopathien und Neuropathien mit Beteiligung des 2. Motoneurons Ursache für eine symptomatische HyperCKämie sein, wobei CK-Werte über 1000 U/L (16,7 μkat/L) eher für eine primäre Muskelerkrankung sprechen. Zu den Erkrankungen mit sehr hohen CK-Werten zählen einige Formen der Muskeldystrophien, idiopathischen Myositiden und metabolischen Myopathien. Andererseits schließt ein normaler oder nur leicht erhöhter CK-Wert eine Myopathie nicht aus. Das individuelle diagnostische Vorgehen (z. B. Bildgebung der Muskulatur, spezielle Laboruntersuchungen, Muskelbiopsie und genetische Analysen) hängt vom klinischen Phänotyp und den Ergebnissen der elektrophysiologischen Untersuchungen ab. Eine HyperCKämie kann auch als Nebenwirkung bei zahlreichen Medikamenten, einschließlich Statinen, auftreten. Bei asymptomatischen Patienten kann eine Statin-assoziierte CK-Erhöhung bis zum 5-Fachen des oberen Grenzwertes toleriert werden. Bei höheren CK-Werten und/oder assoziierten muskulären Beschwerden sollte die LDL-Cholesterin-senkende Therapie neu festgelegt werden. Eine Rhabdomyolyse ist ein potentiell lebensgefährlicher Zustand und geht mit deutlichen CK-Erhöhungen einher. Zur Therapie in der akuten Phase gehören eine Sicherstellung der Nierenfunktion und ein Ausgleich von metabolischen Störungen.
Operative Erfahrung und Ausbildungszufriedenheit von Assistenzärzten in der Augenheilkunde in Bayern: Ergebnisse eines Onlinesurveys mit Evaluation der ophthalmochirurgischen Ausbildungsanteile
Authors: Kastl Gregor , Köffler Nadja 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Ergebnisse einer Onlineumfrage zu den Ausbildungserfahrungen und der Ausbildungs(un)zufriedenheit bayerischer Assistenzärzte in der Augenheilkunde mit Fokus auf ihre Einschätzung der ophthalmochirurgischen Ausbildungsanteile vorgestellt. Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung bilden Studien und Erfahrungsberichte der letzten Jahre, die bereits in Ansätzen die Vernachlässigung einer Förderung ophthalmochirurgischer Kompetenzen im Rahmen der Facharztausbildung und die Unzufriedenheit der Assistenzärzte im Bereich der ophthalmochirurgischen Ausbildung herausstellen konnten.
Methode Im März 2017 wurden 219 Assistenzärzte in Bayern per E-Mail dazu aufgerufen, die Qualität ihrer ophthalmochirurgischen Ausbildung per Onlinesurvey anhand von 38 geschlossenen und offenen Fragen einzuschätzen und zu bewerten.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Umfrage eröffnen, dass sich 69% der Nachwuchsaugenärzte unzufrieden mit den operativen Ausbildungsanteilen erklären und dabei in 54% der Fälle die aus ihrer Sicht wenig überzeugende Ausbildungsmotivation ihrer Ausbilder bemängeln. Diese Ergebnisse stehen in Spannung zum Anliegen einer fundierten Ausbildung mit ophthalmochirurgischer Förderung, das über 90% der Befragten artikulieren. Ausgehend von den definierten ophthalmochirurgischen Eingriffen in der Weiterbildungsordnung für Assistenzärzte in Bayern, konnten Defizite im Bereich der Lid- und Tränenwegschirurgie sowie der operativen Tätigkeit an geraden Augenmuskeln identifiziert werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Umfrage ist aufgrund der Rücklaufquote und Reichweite als Pilotstudie auszuweisen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen jedoch die Notwendigkeit einer deutschlandweiten Ausdehnung der Erhebung, um zukünftig ein umfassendes Bild bedarfsorientierter Verbesserungsansätze in Bezug auf die ophthalmochirurgischen Ausbildung in Deutschland formulieren zu können. Der operativen Ausbildung, in Hinblick auf die in der Weiterbildungsordnung katalogisierten und daher durchzuführenden ophthalmologischen Eingriffe, sollte gemäß Einschätzung der Befragten mehr Zeit und Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden.
Komplette vertikale Transposition der Vertikalmotoren modifiziert nach Foster als Operationstechnik für Abduzensparese
Authors: Heede Santa 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Seit 1907 haben sich international verschiedene Transpositionsmanöver bei einer Abduzensparese etabliert. 1935 beschrieb OʼConnor als Erster eine komplette Vertikalmotorentransposition, die Foster 1997 mit einer posterioren Sklerafixation der Transplantate verstärkte. Die durch die „Foster-Naht“ verstärkte Kompletttransposition der geraden Vertikalmotoren gehört zu den wirkungsvollsten Operationstechniken zur Verbesserung der Abduktion. Ziel dieser Studie war es, bei Patienten mit einer Abduzensparalyse das Ergebnis einer solchermaßen verstärkten Muskeltransposition zu beurteilen.
Methoden und Ergebnisse Die durch eine Foster-Naht verstärkte komplette Transposition der geraden Vertikalmotoren wurde im Jahr 2014 bei 5 Patienten mit einer Abduzensparese durchgeführt. Zwei der Patienten erhielten eine Botoxinjektion in den M. medialis: ein Patient 3 Monate postoperativ und ein Patient während der Operation. Einer der Patienten hatte 1 Jahr zuvor eine kombinierte Horizontalmotorenoperation erhalten. Bei 3 der Patienten, die eine reine Transposition mit Foster-Naht erhielten, wurde der präoperative Fernschielwinkel (Median: + 56,6 PD, Streubreite: + 40 – + 80 PD) im Mittel um 39,6 PD reduziert (Median; Streubreite: 34 – 50 PD), die Abduktion wurde im Mittel um 3 mm verbessert (Streubreite: + 2 – + 4 mm). Bei den anderen 2 Patienten, bei denen die Transposition der Vertikalmotoren mit Vor- bzw. Zusatzoperationen an den Horizontalmotoren verbunden war, wurde der präoperative Fernschielwinkel (+ 25 bzw. + 126 PD) um 20 bzw. 81 PD reduziert. Die Adduktion wurde um 4 bzw. 8 mm verbessert. Zwei Patienten entwickelten nach der Transpositionsoperation eine dezente vertikale Abweichung für die Ferne bis maximal 4 PD. Bei keinem der Patienten traten Komplikationen auf, eine Vorderabschnittsischämie wurde nicht diagnostiziert. Die Hebung bzw. Senkung wurde bei allen Patienten nur sehr gering beeinflusst. Diplopie im Aufblick oder Abblick trat nicht auf.
Zusammenfassung Eine komplette Transposition der Vertikalmotoren, verstärkt mit der posterioren Skleranaht, ist eine wirkungsvolle und sichere Operationsmethode und kann in vielen Fällen eine zusätzliche Rücklagerung des M. rectus medialis ersparen. Die Hebung bzw. Senkung wird durch diese Technik nur sehr gering beeinflusst. Diversen Studien zufolge ist die Gefahr einer Vorderabschnittsischämie gering.
The plant hormone ethylene restricts
Arabidopsis
growth via the epidermis
Authors: Vaseva Irina Ivanova , Qudeimat Enas , Potuschak Thomas , Du Yunlong , Genschik Pascal , Vandenbussche Filip , Van Der Straeten Dominique 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that controls plant life throughout development. Being a simple hydrophobic molecule, it can freely enter cells; therefore, the cell type specificity of its action is challenging. By means of tissue-specific expression of two negative regulators of the signaling cascade, we selectively disrupted the ethylene signal in different cell types without affecting its biosynthesis. We demonstrate that ethylene restricts plant growth by dampening the effect of auxins in the outermost cell layer. We further show that this epidermis-specific signaling has an impact on the growth of neighboring cells, suggesting that the master controller of cell expansion resides in the epidermis, where it senses the environment and, subsequently drives growth, of the inner tissues.
Assessing historical literacy among 12‐year‐old Finns
Authors: Rantala Jukka , Khawaja Amna 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe new national core curriculum has been put into operation in Finland. Teaching and learning is intended to focus on historical literacy. In this paper, we study how it can be assessed with a pen‐and‐paper test, and what that reveals in regards to the mastering of historical literacy among elementary pupils. To study this, we designed a test where pupils analysed sources, answered open‐ended questions, and filled out weighted multiple‐choice questions. Furthermore, we implemented the test with the think‐aloud method. The results from this indicate the way 12‐year‐olds read historical documents and formulate their own interpretations. The results demonstrate that most of the pupils succeeded in acquiring historical information from different sources, as well as understanding the interpretative nature of historical knowledge. The test also revealed that pupils can identify some intentions of the sources’ producers, as well as reasoning through their own interpretations using a single source. Some pupils, however, could not process the cognitive noise inherent to the test (i.e. conflicting sources). Some of them also considered an authoritative source to be principally more reliable than other sources. Our study sheds light on which kind of task can be used at the elementary level to assess historical literacy.
Discussion about effecting of stiffener in four bolts in a row end plate connection for long span and heavy load steel structures in Vietnam
Authors: Huong Khang T , Nguyen Cung H 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Nowadays, steel structure industry in Vietnam is in strong development. The construction of steel structure becomes larger span and heavier load. The issue spawned a number of issues arise from optimizing connections. Typical of steel connections in prefabricated steel structure that is an end plate (face plate) bolted connection. When the connection carried a heavy load, then the number of bolts is required much more. Increasing the number of rows bolts will less effective because can still not enough strength requirements, the bolts in row near rotational center will level arm reduction, then it cannot carry heavy loads. The current solution is doing multiple bolts in a row. Current standards such as EN [1], AISC [2] are no specific guidelines for calculating the connection four bolts in a row that primarily assumes the way works like a T-stub of the two bolts a row. Some articles studied T-stub four bolts in a row [3], [4], [5], [6] by component method but it has some components which weren’t considered. In this paper, in order to provide a contribution to improve the T-stub four bolts in a row, the stiffener component in T-stub will be added and compared with T-stub without stiffener by the finite element model to demonstrate effectiveness in reducing stress and displacement of T-stub. It gives ideas for the economic design of four bolts in a row end plate connection in Vietnam for future.
The effect of crack width on the service life of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Van Hung Nguyen , Hung Vu Viet , Viet Tran Bao 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Reinforced concrete has become a widely used construction material around the world. Nowadays, the assessment of deterioration and life expectancy of reinforced concrete structure is very important and necessary as concrete is a complex material with brittle failure. Under the effect of load and over time, cracks occur in the structure, significantly reducing its performance and durability. Therefore, a number of models for predicting the penetration of chloride ions into the concrete were proposed to assess the durability of the structure. In the study performed by T B Viet (2016) [1], the author proposed a new theoretical model, especially considering the effects of macro and micro cracking on the diffusion coefficient of chloride ion in the cracked concrete. The following experimental results, in term of electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration, are used to calculate the lifespan of a reinforced concrete structure according to Dura Crete approach [8] with different crack widths to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the above model in the range of concrete compressive strength of 30-70MPa.
Effects of Water, Sanitation, Handwashing, and Nutritional Interventions on Child Enteric Protozoan Infections in Rural Bangladesh: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lin Audrie , Ercumen Ayse , Benjamin-Chung Jade , Arnold Benjamin F , Das Shimul , Haque Rashidul , Ashraf Sania , Parvez Sarker M , Unicomb Leanne , Rahman Mahbubur , Hubbard Alan E , Stewart Christine P , Colford John M , Luby Stephen P 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
We evaluated effects of individual and combined water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH), and nutritional interventions on protozoan infections in children.

Methods
We randomized geographical clusters of pregnant women in rural Bangladesh into chlorinated drinking water, hygienic sanitation, handwashing, nutrition, combined WSH, nutrition plus WSH (N+WSH), or control arms. Participants were not masked. After approximately 2.5 years of intervention, we measured Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba histolytica prevalence and infection intensity by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction of child stool. Analysis was intention-to-treat.

Results
Between May 2012 and July 2013, we randomized 5551 pregnant women. At follow-up, among 4102 available women, we enrolled 6694 children into the protozoan assessment. We analyzed stool from 5933 children (aged ~31 months) for protozoan infections. Compared with 35.5% prevalence among controls, Giardia infection prevalence was lower in the sanitation (26.5%; prevalence ratio [PR], 0.75 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .64–.88]), handwashing (28.2%; PR, 0.80 [95% CI, .66–.96]), WSH (29.7%; PR, 0.83 [95% CI, .72–.96]), and N+WSH (26.7%; PR, 0.75 [95% CI, .64–.88]) arms. Water and nutrition interventions had no effect. Low prevalence of E. histolytica and Cryptosporidium (&lt;2%) resulted in imprecise effect estimates.

Conclusions
Individual handwashing and hygienic sanitation interventions significantly reduced childhood Giardia infections, and there were no effects of chlorinated drinking water and nutrition improvements in this context. Combined WSH interventions provided no additional benefit. To reduce Giardia infection, individual WSH interventions may be more feasible and cost-effective than combined interventions in similar rural, low-income settings.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01590095.