bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and performance of Cu2O/TiO2 nanocomposite thin film and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Yu Xiaojiao , Kou Song , Nie Junkun , Zhang Jian , Wei Yuchen , Niu Jinfen , Yao Binghua 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A constant current electrodeposition approach was employed to prepare Cu2O/TiO2 nanocomposite thin film. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, ultraviolet visible light spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were used to characterize and analyze the thin film microstructure, surface morphology, and photoelectric properties. The effect of annealing treatment on the thin film properties is discussed. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the Rhodamine B (RhB) photocatalytic degradation by thin films, and the quadratic multinomial mathematical model was established. The photocatalytic degradation process of RhB was also studied. The results indicate that the prepared Cu2O thin film was of high purity, with a (111) crystal plane preferred orientation. The average particle diameter was approximately 100–200 nm, and the absorbing boundary was approximately 600 nm. After annealing treatment, the absorbing boundary and open-circuit voltage increased, and Cu2O thin film exhibited an obvious absorbance response in the visible-light range. The established model has better fitness and higher reliability, and the R2 value of established quadratic model is 0.9818. The optimal degradation conditions were obtained by RSM. Under optimum conditions, the RhB degradation rate could reach 98.4% in 3 h and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate was 48.2%. Recycling results reveal that RhB degradation rate can still reach 94.5% after eight cycles.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Special Focus on the Efficacy of Computer-Based Training Programs - A Mini-Review
Authors: Klimova Blanka , Kuca Kamil , Maresova Petra 
Published: September 2018

Background:
At present, the number of older people is growing, especially in the developed
countries where the living conditions enable a longer life expectancy. However, the higher age may result
in the aging diseases such as dementia out which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent.
Nevertheless, to maintain them both physically and mentally active, more assistance is required.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to discuss the efficacy of the use of modern information technologies,
especially computer-based training programs, on people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Results:
Although the results from the selected studies do not indicate that the computer-based training
programs are effective in the delay of cognitive decline is concerned, they suggest that these computerbased
training programs are at least appropriate for the improvement of their behavioural symptoms and
progression of the disease.

Conclusion:
Generally, these technological devices may contribute to the reduction of patients´ and
their caregivers´ costs and certain flexibility, and thus the improvement of the quality of their life.
Do We have a Satisfactory Cell Viability Assay? Review of the Currently Commercially-Available Assays
Authors: Halim Abdel-Baset 
Published: September 2018

:Cell-based assays are an important part of the drug discovery process and clinical research. One of the main hurdles is to design sufficiently robust assays with adequate signal to noise parameters while maintaining the inherent physiology of the cells and not interfering with the pharmacology of target being investigated.:A plethora of assays that assess cell viability (or cell heath in general) are commercially available and can be classified under different categories according to their concepts and principle of reactions. The assays are valuable tools, however, suffer from a large number of limitations. Some of these limitations can be procedural or operational, but others can be critical as those related to a poor concept or the lack of proof of concept of an assay, e.g. those relying on differential permeability of dyes in-and-out of viable versus compromised cell membranes. While the assays can differentiate between dead and live cells, most, if not all, of them can just assess the relative performance of cells rather than providing a clear distinction between healthy and dying cells. The possible impact of relatively high molecular weight dyes, used in most of the assay, on cell viability has not been addressed. More innovative assays are needed, and until better alternatives are developed, setup of current cell-based studies and data interpretation should be made with the limitations in mind. Negative and positive control should be considered whenever feasible. Also, researchers should use more than one orthogonal method for better assessment of cell health.
Performance Analysis of Various Nanocontrast Agents and CAD Systems for Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Thanapandiyaraj Ruba , Rajendran Tamilselvi , Mohammedgani Parisa Beham 
Published: September 2018

Background:Cancer is a disease which involves the abnormal cell growth that has the potential of dispersal to other parts of the body. Among various conventional anatomical imaging techniques for cancer diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides the best spatial resolution and is noninvasive. Current efforts are directed at enhancing the capabilities of MRI in oncology by adding contrast agents.Discussion:Recently, the superior properties of nanomaterials (extremely smaller in size, good biocompatibility and ease in chemical modification) allow its application as a contrast agent for early and specific cancer detection through the MRI. The precise detection of cancer region from any imaging modality will lead to a thriving treatment for cancer patients. The better localization of radiation dose can be attained from MRI by using suitable image processing algorithms. As there are many works that have been proposed for automatic detection for cancers, the effort is also put in to provide an effective survey of Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for different types of cancer detection with increased efficiency based on recent research works. Even though there are many surveys on MRI contrast agents, they only focused on a particular type of cancer. This study deeply presents the use of nanocontrast agents in MRI for different types of cancer diagnosis.Conclusion:The main aim of this paper is to critically review the available compounds used as nanocontrast agents in MRI modality for different types of cancers. It also includes the review of different methods for cancer cell detection and classification. A comparative analysis is performed to analyze the effect of different CAD systems.
The UPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of a Novel Enterovirus 71 Inhibitor in Rat Plasma and its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Ma Hai-Qiu , Zuo Chen-Qiang , Yuan Ye , Zhang Yu-Pu , Wang Xue , Wang Shu-Yan , Liu Jun-Wei 
Published: September 2018

Background:
TJAB1099 is a novel, highly active inhibitor of human enterovirus 71
(HEV71), which is a most commonly found virus leading to Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD). However,
the TJAB1099 could not be detected in the plasma using a regular HPLC-UV detection during the
pharmacokinetic study due to the poor solubility, which in turn limited the release prior to be absorbed
by the gastrointestinal tract.

Objective:
The objectives of the present study were to improve the solubility of TJAB1099 by preparing
formulation and develop an Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
(UPLC-MS/MS) method applied to the pharmacokinetic study.

Methods:
The TJAB1099 was prepared as a phospholipid complex that intends to increase the watersolubility
and subsequently improving TJAB1099 exposed in the circulation system. A highly sensitive
UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the pharmacokinetic study, in which the pharmacokinetic
parameters were determined following oral and intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg of
TJAB1099 in rats, respectively.

Results:
The precisions for the method were less than 12.8%, while the accuracies were in the range of
90.8 - 98.0% and 96.1 - 99.6% for within-day and between-day, respectively. The mean recoveries for
TJAB1099 and terfenadine (internal-standard, IS) were 85.0 ± 5.4% and 92.4 ± 4.1%, respectively. The
pharmacokinetic study revealed that the Cmax of TJAB1099 after oral administration can reach 6.84 ±
2.43 ng/mL, while the Tmax is 0.70 ± 0.11 h. The AUC0-12 is 19.81 ± 11.07 µg/mL/h. However, the absorption
was poor with an absolute oral bioavailability of 0.62.

Conclusion:
The UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of
TJAB1099 in rats.
AKADEMİSYEN VE İDARİ PERSONELİN EKOLOJİK VE KARBON AYAK İZİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: ADIYAMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: BAŞOĞUL Yusuf 
Published: September 2018

Bu
çalışmada, Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi akademisyen ve idari personelin
ekolojik ve karbon ayak izleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada “Ekolojik Ayak İzi Hesaplama Anketi programı”
kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, 46 akademisyen ve idari personele anket
uygulanmıştır. Anketlerin analiz
sonuçlarına göre, Mühendislik Fakültesi çalışanlarının ekolojik ayak izi
ortalaması 2,53 kha ve karbon ayak izi ortalaması 15.55 ton olarak saptanmıştır.
Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi çalışanlarına en az 2.53 dünya
gerekmektedir.
Mini review: Intensification of mulching to improve soil moisture in vanilla plantation
Authors: Adiputra I Gede Ketut 
Published: September 2018

Continuous water uptake from soil via the root system and it transport into the leaves system is a basic mechanism in plants to maintain growth and reproduction. Consequently, sustaining soil moisture to keep water supply into the plants should continuously occurred to maintain growth. Under condition of global warming scenario and robust agricultural practices, soil organic carbon which plays as a key for soil moisture and fertility are continuously diminished. This condition could subsequently endanger the growth of shallow rooted plants, such as vanilla. To mitigate the impact of global warming and robust agricultural practices, enhancing carbon sequestration to inhibit water loss is regarded crucial. However, although mulch materials are locally available in most land crop plantations, those materials are rarely viewed as functional for maintaining soil moisture. Both water stress and mulching might have not been seriously anticipated in conventional agricultural practices. For example, continuous decreased in yield of vanilla plants are usually handled by applying pesticide or fertilizer, without addition of mulch. The objective of this review was to gain a better understanding of soil moisture to increase vanilla growth and reproduction. This review found that mulching could reduce evaporation, increase soil organic carbon and soil fertility. It is concluded that intensification of mulching could enhance sustainability of vanilla plantations.
URGENSI PEMBENTUKAN UNDANG-UNDANG HAK ANGKET DPR RI (THE URGENCY OF MAKING THE LAW ON THE RIGHT OF INQUIRY OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA)
Authors: Hantoro Novianto Murthi 
Published: September 2018

Prior to the decision of the Constitutional Court (MK), the implementation of the right to inquiry was regulated in two laws, namely Law No. 6 of 1954 on the Establishment of the Rights of Inquiry of the House of Representatives (DPR) and Law No. 27 of 2009 on MPR, DPR, DPD, and DPRD. Through proposal for judicial review, MK decided the Law on the Rights of Inquiry was null and void because it was not in accordance with the presidential system adopted in the 1945 Constitution. Today, the exercise of the right of inquiry is only based on Law on MPR, DPR, DPD, and DPRD. Nonetheless, the Amendment of Law No. 27 of 2009 into Law No. 17 of 2014 could not accommodate some substances of the null and void Law on the Rights of Inquiry. The urgency of the formulation of the law on the right to inquiry, other than to carry out the Constitutional Court’s decision; are to close the justice gap of the current regulation; to avoid multi-interpretation of the norm, for example on the subject and object of the right of inquiry; and to execute the mandate of Article 20A paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution. The regulation on the right to inquiry shall be formulated separately from the Law on MPR, DPR, DPD and DPRD, with at least several substances to be discussed, namely: definition, mechanisms, and procedure, as well as examination of witnesses, expert, and documents. AbstrakSebelum adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK), pelaksanaan hak angket diatur dalam dua undang-undang, yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1954 tentang Penetapan Hak Angket DPR (UU Angket) dan Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2009 tentang Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (UU MPR, DPR, DPD, dan DPRD). Melalui permohonan pengujian undang-undang, MK membatalkan keberlakuan UU Angket karena sudah tidak sesuai dengan sistem presidensial yang dianut dalam UUD 1945. Pelaksanaan hak angket saat ini hanya berdasarkan UU MPR, DPR, DPD, dan DPRD. Penggantian UU No. 27 Tahun 2009 menjadi UU No. 17 Tahun 2014 tentang MPR, DPR, DPD, dan DPRD ternyata tidak mengakomodasi beberapa substansi UU Angket yang telah dibatalkan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, terdapat urgensi untuk membentuk Undang-Undang tentang Hak Angket DPR RI. Urgensi tersebut, selain sebagai tindak lanjut putusan MK, juga untuk menutup celah kekosongan hukum pada pengaturan saat ini dan untuk menghindari multi-interpretasi norma, misalnya terhadap subjek dan objek hak angket. Pengaturan mengenai hak angket perlu diatur di dalam undang-undang yang terpisah dari UU MPR, DPR, DPD, dan DPRD, dengan materi muatan yang berisi tentang pengertian-pengertian, mekanisme, dan hukum acara. Pembentukan Undang-Undang tentang Hak Angket diperlukan guna memenuhi amanat Pasal 20A ayat (4) UUD 1945.
KEWENANGAN NEGARA DALAM PENGUASAAN TANAH: REDISTRIBUSI TANAH UNTUK RAKYAT (THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATE IN LAND TENURE: REDISTRIBUTION OF LAND TO THE PEOPLE)
Authors: Doly Denico 
Published: September 2018

State control over land is mandated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. The state is mandated to carry out the management and utilization of land based on the spirit of community welfare. Agrarian reform in land sector is a way to reorganize or restructure land management and utilization. State control over land can be found in term of regulation, management, policy, administration, and supervision. The state control over land needs to be specifically regulated in a law governing the land. One form of state control over land is redistribution. The redistribution of land for the people is controlled with its first step of identification on Land Objects for Agrarian Reform (TORA) followed by land management as part of Agrarian Reform. Further, in order to support land redistribution program, the government can impose moratorium on land use for business-oriented development, restrict land tenure and control, control land prices, and revoke any rights to unutilized land. AbstrakPenguasaan negara terhadap tanah merupakan amanat yang tercantum dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD Tahun 1945). Negara diamanatkan untuk melakukan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan tanah yang didasari oleh semangat mensejahterakan masyarakat. Pembaruan agraria di bidang pertanahan merupakan salah satu bentuk perombakan atau penataan ulang terhadap pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan tanah. Penguasaan negara terhadap tanah dapat berupa pengaturan, pengelolaan, kebijakan, pengurusan, dan pengawasan. Bentuk penguasaan negara terhadap tanah ini perlu diatur secara khusus dalam sebuah undang-undang yang mengatur tentang pertanahan. Salah satu bentuk penguasaan negara yaitu dengan melakukan redistribusi tanah. Redistribusi tanah untuk rakyat dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi Tanah Obyek Reforma Agraria (TORA) untuk kemudian dikelola sebagai bagian dari Reforma Agraria. Selain itu, dalam rangka mendukung program redistribusi tanah, pemerintah dapat melakukan moratorium penggunaan tanah untuk pembangunan yang berorientasi pada bisnis, membatasi kepemilikan dan penguasaan tanah, pengendalian harga tanah, dan mencabut hak atas tanah yang tidak dimanfaatkan.
TINDAK PIDANA PENGHINAAN TERHADAP PRESIDEN ATAU WAKIL PRESIDEN: PERLUKAH DIATUR KEMBALI DALAM KUHP? (DEFAMATION AGAINST THE PRESIDENT OR VICE PRESIDENT: SHOULD IT BE REGULATED IN THE CRIMINAL CODE?)
Authors: Widyati Lidya Suryani 
Published: September 2018

Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 013-022/PUU-IV/2006, stated that Article 134, Article 136 bis, and Article 137 of the Criminal Code on the defamation against the President or Vice President do not have binding power or in other are not valid. The Court considered that these Articles may create legal uncertainty, inhibit the right to freedom of expression of mind, spoken, written, and any expression and may also irrelevant to apply in Indonesia which upholds human rights. However, the Criminal Code Bill, of 2015, has re-set (criminalization) the act as a criminal offense that sparing off intense debate. This study does not examine the pros and cons debate on the re-setting issue of defamation against the President or Vice President as criminal offense in the Criminal Code Bill, but examines the issue from the point of criminalization policy. The analysis of the criminalization policy concludes that this crime need not be regulated. It is in contradictory to the Constitution, especially regarding the protection of human rights for every citizen. The explanation of this Article does not clearly state the logic and reason behind the article on defamation against the President or Vice President. AbstrakPutusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 013-022/PUU-IV/2006, menyatakan bahwa Pasal 134, Pasal 136 bis, dan Pasal 137 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) tentang tindak pidana penghinaan terhadap Presiden atau Wakil Presiden tidak lagi mempunyai kekuatan mengikat atau dengan kata lain sudah tidak berlaku lagi. Dalam pertimbangannya, Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) menilai bahwa Pasal-Pasal ini dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, menghambat hak atas kebebasan menyatakan pikiran, dengan lisan, tulisan, dan ekspresi, dan sudah tidak relevan lagi untuk diterapkan di Indonesia yang menjunjung tinggi hak asasi manusia. Namun, Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) KUHP tahun 2015, mengatur kembali perbuatan tersebut sebagai tindak pidana sehingga menimbulkan perdebatan berbagai pihak. Tulisan ini tidak mengkaji mengenai perdebatan pro dan kontra atas dirumuskannya kembali substansi tentang penghinaan terhadap Presiden atau Wakil Presiden dalam RUU KUHP, melainkan mengkajinya dari sudut kebijakan kriminalisasi. Analisis dari kebijakan kriminalisasi menyimpulkan bahwa tindak pidana ini tidak perlu diatur lagi karena bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI Tahun 1945), terutama dalam hal jaminan atas Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) bagi setiap warga negara. Penjelasan Pasal RUU KUHP yang merumuskan tindak pidana penghinaan terhadap Presiden atau Wakil Presiden tersebut tidak menyebutkan secara jelas kepentingan apa yang ada di balik pengaturan penghinaan terhadap Presiden atau Wakil Presiden.
Hearing Impairment and Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Cohort
Authors: Schade David S. , Lorenzi Gayle M. , Braffett Barbara H. , Gao Xiaoyu , Bainbridge Kathleen E. , Barnie Annette , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Dalton Dayna , Diminick Lisa , Gubitosi-Klug Rose , Kramer John R. , Lachin John M. , Larkin Mary E. , Cowie Catherine C. ,   the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prevalence of hearing impairment in participants with type 1 diabetes enrolled in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study and compare with that of a spousal control group without diabetes. Among participants with type 1 diabetes, to evaluate the association of hearing impairment with prior DCCT therapy and overall glycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
DCCT/EDIC participants (n = 1,150) and 288 spouses without diabetes were recruited for the DCCT/EDIC Hearing Study. All subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire, medical history, and physical measurements. Audiometry was performed by study-certified personnel; audiograms were assessed centrally. Speech-frequency (pure-tone average [PTA] thresholds at 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz) and high-frequency impairment (PTA thresholds at 3,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 Hz) were defined as PTA &gt;25 dB hearing loss. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age and sex.

RESULTS
DCCT/EDIC participants and spousal control subjects were similar in age, race, education, smoking, and systolic blood pressure. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the prevalence or adjusted odds of speech- or high-frequency impairment in either ear. Among participants with type 1 diabetes, for every 10% increase in the time-weighted mean HbA1c, there was a 32% (95% CI 1.15–1.50) and 19% (95% CI 1.07–1.33) increase in speech- and high-frequency hearing impairment, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
We found no significant difference in the prevalence of hearing impairment between the group with type 1 diabetes and the spousal control group. Among those with type 1 diabetes, higher mean HbA1c over time was associated with hearing impairment.
Demographic and social degradation in the Lubelskie Voivodeship as a peripheral area of East Poland
Authors: Flaga Małgorzata , Wesołowska Monika 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEastern regions of Poland are regarded as areas where numerous unfavourable socio-economic phenomena appear and accumulate. These are the results of historical conditions as well as post-war border localization and various processes, primarily in terms of economy. The consequences of the political transformation of the state in the 1990s and profound social and economic changes in recent decades are also crucial drivers of many disadvantageous changes in the region. The article shows population processes which can be recognized nowadays in Eastern Poland, and the attention of the authors is focused on the peripheral rural areas of the region. General tendencies reported in the text are based on the cases from the Lubelskie Voivodeship where concentration of the demographic and social problems is particularly noticeable. The analyses comprise changes of population growth and its components (natural movement and migration), population structures as well as some characteristics concerning the quality and conditions of inhabitants’ lives. The main causes of negative processes shaping the population, including domestic, regional and micro-regional factors, are also presented. The final part of the article deals with the most important outcomes of population changes which are reflected in the progressing ageing of society, the decline of villages and social infrastructure, among other facts. These unfavourable phenomena are shown in the context of the future development of the region.