bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of theory of planned behaviour to households’ source separation behaviour in Ghana
Authors: Alhassan Hamdiyah , Asante Felix Ankomah , Oteng-Ababio Martin , Bawakyillenuo Simon 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that encourage households’ source separation behaviour in Accra and Tamale Metropolises in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachUsing a cross-sectional design, 855 households of Ghana were interviewed based on the theoretical framework of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The ordered probit regression model was employed to examine the factors that influence households’ source separation intention.FindingsThe results indicated that educational attainment of head of household, total income of household, occupation type of household head, information, past experience with source separation, inconvenience in terms of time, space and availability of formal source separation scheme, attitude, subjective norm and the location of the respondents significantly predicted households’ solid waste separation intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional design does not determine causality but an association. Thus, future studies should examine actual household waste separation behaviour by using the experimental design to test the TPB model.Practical implicationsTo promote solid waste separation at source, the public should be educated and provided with solid waste separation schemes that are efficient and compatible with households’ preference.Originality/valueThis study was partly motivated by the fact that despite the benefits associated with source separation, little attention has been given to formal source separation in Ghana. Moreover, there are limited studies on source separation behaviour in Ghana using the TPB as the theoretical framework.
Analytical solutions of thermo-piezoelectric interactions in a solid fiber of polygonal cross-sections immersed in fluid
Authors: Selvamani Rajendran 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the analytical solutions of transversely isotropic thermo-piezoelectric interactions in a polygonal cross-sectional fiber immersed in fluid using the Fourier expansion collocation method.

Design/methodology/approach
A mathematical model is developed for the analytical study on a transversely isotropic thermo-piezoelectric polygonal cross-sectional fiber immersed in fluid using a linear form of three-dimensional piezothermoelasticity theories. After developing the formal solution of the mathematical model consisting of partial differential equations, the frequency equations have been analyzed numerically by using the Fourier expansion collocation method (FECM) at the irregular boundary surfaces of the polygonal cross-sectional fiber. The roots of the frequency equation are obtained by using the secant method, applicable for complex roots.

Findings
From the literature survey, it is evident that the analytical formulation of thermo-piezoelectric interactions in a polygonal cross-sectional fiber contact with fluid is not discussed by any researchers. Also, in this study, a polygonal cross-section is used instead of the traditional circular cross-sections. So, the analytical solutions of transversely isotropic thermo-piezoelectric interactions in a polygonal cross-sectional fiber immersed in fluid are studied using the FECM. The dispersion curves for non-dimensional frequency, phase velocity and attenuation coefficient are presented graphically for lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) material. The present analytical method obtained by the FECM is compared with the finite element method which shows a good agreement with present study.

Originality/value
This paper contributes the analytical model to find the solution of transversely isotropic thermo-piezoelectric interactions in a polygonal cross-sectional fiber immersed in fluid. The dispersion curves of the non-dimensional frequency, phase velocity and attenuation coefficient are more prominent in flexural modes. Also, the surrounding fluid on the various considered wave characteristics is more significant and dispersive in the hexagonal cross-sections. The aspect ratio (a/b) of polygonal cross-sections is critical to industry or other fields which require more flexibility in design of materials with arbitrary cross-sections.
An optical approach to accurately determine surface finish for additive manufacturing
Authors: Sciammarella Federico 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The paper aims to highlight the importance of having an optical method that can accurately measure the surface finish of 3D printed parts and the influence this has on the total volume of the build.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper describes the application of digital moiré to the determination of the surface finish of 3D printed parts.

Findings
This study shows that surface roughness plays an important role in the volumetric analysis. There was an increase of 7 per cent from the total volume of the original CAD drawing; in total, there was 19 per cent more material deposited.

Research limitations/implications
This methodology provides a robust tool for future research in the area of geometrical verification and optimization in addition to the potential use for residual stress determination.

Practical implications
This study shows that process optimization can be carried out more efficiently, and it is possible to determine the efficiency of an AM process by directly correlating the processing parameters and accurately comparing the prescribed CAD dimensions/volume to that of the as built part.

Social implications
By reducing the amount of waste through process optimization, this leads to a reduced consumption of energy which can have a major impact on the environment.

Originality/value
This paper fulfills the need for high accuracy volumetric measurement of 3D printed components.
User interface tool for a novel plasma-assisted bio-additive extrusion system
Authors: Liu Fengyuan , Hinduja Srichand , Bártolo Paulo 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to describe the control software of a novel manufacturing system called plasma-assisted bio-extrusion system (PABS), designed to produce complex multi-material and functionally graded scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. This fabrication system combines multiple pressure-assisted and screw-assisted printing heads and plasma jets. Control software allows the users to create single or multi-material constructs with uniform pore size or pore size gradients by changing the operation parameters, such as geometric parameters, lay-down pattern, filament distance, feed rate and layer thickness, and to produce functional graded scaffolds with different layer-by-layer coating/surface modification strategies by using the plasma modification system.

Design/methodology/approach
MATLAB GUI is used to develop the software, including the design of the user interface and the implementation of all mathematical programing for both multi-extrusion and plasma modification systems.

Findings
Based on the user definition, G programing codes are generated, enabling full integration and synchronization with the hardware of PABS. Single, multi-material and functionally graded scaffolds can be obtained by manipulating different materials, scaffold designs and processing parameters. The software is easy to use, allowing the efficient control of the PABS even for the fabrication of complex scaffolds.

Originality/value
This paper introduces a novel additive manufacturing system for tissue engineering applications describing in detail the software developed to control the system. This new fabrication system represents a step forward regarding the current state-of-the-art technology in the field of biomanufacturing, enabling the design and fabrication of more effective scaffolds matching the mechanical and surface characteristics of the surrounding tissue and enabling the incorporation of high number of cells uniformly distributed and the introduction of multiple cell types with positional specificity.
The role of plant–soil feedbacks in stabilizing a reindeer‐induced vegetation shift in subarctic tundra
Authors: Egelkraut Dagmar , Kardol Paul , De Long Jonathan R. , Olofsson Johan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Herbivory can drive vegetation into different states of productivity and community composition, and these changes may be stable over time due to historical contingency effects. Interactions with abiotic and biotic soil components can contribute to such long‐term legacies in plant communities through stabilizing positive feedbacks.

We studied the role of plant–soil feedbacks in maintaining vegetation changes caused by historical (~1350–1900 AD) reindeer herding in northern Sweden. These historical milking grounds (HMGs) consist of meadow plant communities formed in naturally nutrient‐poor heath or naturally nutrient‐rich shrub‐dominated vegetation and are still clearly visible in the landscape, a century after active use ceased.

We selected two phytometer species: the forb Potentilla crantzii as representative of HMG vegetation, and the dwarf shrub Betula nana, as representative of control vegetation. We grew both species under glasshouse conditions on soils derived from replicated HMG and paired control plots, using live soils and sterilized (γ‐radiation)‐inoculated soils, to separate between biotic and abiotic soil effects.

A net negative plant–soil feedback for B. nana biomass in its home (i.e., control) soil and a net positive feedback for P. crantzii in its home (i.e., HMG) soil in heath habitat was partly driven by the soil biotic community. However, abiotic differences in mineral nitrogen (N) concentrations between control and HMG soils were a stronger driver of differences in plant growth. Positive feedbacks maintaining a high mineral nutrient availability are thus important, especially in nutrient‐poor habitats.

The positive plant responses to higher soil mineral N concentrations, combined with positive biotic plant–soil feedbacks, might shift the competitive balance in favour of typical HMG plant species, thereby contributing to stability of HMG plant communities. Our data indicate that herbivore‐driven changes in the interactions between plants and both biotic and abiotic components of the soil persist over long temporal scales.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
How changes in global liquidity affect dynamics of banks’ leverage: A case in Hong Kong
Authors: Ho Kelvin , Hui Cho‐Hoi , Li Ka‐Fai , Wong Jim 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper examines how abundant global liquidity could influence the adjustment of banks’ leverage. Using banks in Hong Kong as an example, we find that the global liquidity effect is significant, and that mean reversion of banks’ leverage may under certain circumstances be more than offset by abundant global liquidity. Furthermore, we find that changes in global liquidity not only affect the level of leverage adjustment but also the adjustment speed of banks’ leverage.
Quantifying the Impact of Scientific Research on Agriculture
Authors: Viaggi Davide 
Published: April 2018

SummaryWith the growing importance of science and innovation for farming, the scope for summary monetary estimates of the impact of agricultural research on productivity suggests internal rates of return of between 7 and 15 per cent, and time lags in maximum impact of around nine years. However, the extent to which the transmission process can be regarded as a ‘black box’ for econometric purposes is considered increasingly inappropriate, since the intermediate steps between research and the impacts of resulting technology adoption are increasingly complex and involve growing numbers of actors, actions and a wider set of policy objectives. Significant difficulties are encountered in quantifying research impacts, including gaps in data for dependent and explanatory variables. New features of the agricultural sector also need to be accounted for, which relate to the role of knowledge engineering, globalisation and the establishment of new impact pathways which are affecting the speed of transmission of innovations. Public support for agricultural research funding is generally justified but returns are not sufficiently high, thus requiring careful reflection on priorities for research investment. Combined use of qualitative and quantitative evaluation approaches can be complementary and more effective than relying on either alone.
Slow Infusion of Low‐dose Ketamine Reduces Bothersome Side Effects Compared to Intravenous Push: A Double‐blind, Double‐dummy, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Clattenburg Eben J. , Hailozian Christian , Haro Daniel , Yoo Tina , Flores Stefan , Louie Derex , Herring Andrew A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe compared the analgesic efficacy and incidence of side effects when low‐dose (0.3 mg/kg) ketamine (LDK) is administered as a slow infusion (SI) over 15 minutes versus an intravenous push (IVP) over 1 minute.MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, placebo‐controlled trial of adult ED patients presenting with moderate to severe pain (numerical rating scale [NRS] score ≥ 5). Patients received 0.3 mg/kg ketamine administered either as a SI or a IVP. Our primary outcome was the proportion of patients experiencing any psychoperceptual side effect over 60 minutes. A secondary outcome was incidence of moderate or greater psychoperceptual side effects. Additional outcomes included reduction in pain NRS scores at 60 minutes and percent maximum summed pain intensity difference (%SPID).ResultsFifty‐nine participants completed the study. A total of 86.2% of the IVP arm and 70.0% of the SI arm experienced any side effect (difference = 16.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –5.4 to 37.8). We found a large reduction in moderate or greater psychoperceptual side effects with SI administration—75.9% reported moderate or greater side effects versus 43.4% in the SI arm (difference = 32.5%, 95% CI = 7.9 to 57.1). Additionally, the IVP arm experienced more hallucinations (n = 8, 27.6%) than the SI arm (SI n = 2, 6.7%, difference = 20.9%, 95% CI = 1.8 to 43.4). We found no significant differences in analgesic efficacy. At 60 minutes, the mean %SPID values in the IVP and SI arms were 39.9 and 33.5%, respectively, with a difference of 6.5% (95% CI = –5.8 to 18.7).ConclusionMost patients who are administered LDK experience a psychoperceptual side effect regardless of administration via SI or IVP. However, patients receiving LDK as a SI reported significantly fewer moderate or greater psychoperceptual side effects and hallucinations with equivalent analgesia.
Editorial: patient‐reported outcomes in chronic HCV—a PROMISing approach to an ongoing problem
Authors: Acharya C. , Bajaj J. S. 
Published: April 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Evon et al and Evon papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14531 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14608.
Editorial: patient‐reported outcomes in chronic HCV—a PROMISing approach to an ongoing problem. Authors' reply
Authors: Evon D. M. 
Published: April 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Evon et al and Acharya and Bajaj papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14531 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14585.
European experience of robot‐assisted kidney transplantation: minimum of 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Territo Angelo , Gausa Lluis , Alcaraz Antonio , Musquera Mireia , Doumerc Nicolas , Decaestecker Karel , Desender Liesbeth , Stockle Michael , Janssen Martin , Fornara Paolo , Mohammed Nasreldin , Siena Giampaolo , Serni Sergio , Sahin Selcuk , Tuǧcu Volkan , Basile Giuseppe , Breda Alberto 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate functional results, graft survival and late complications in patients who underwent robot‐assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) and who had a minimum of 1 year of follow‐up data, and to analyse the correlations between surgical data and functional results at a minimum of 1‐year postoperatively and between renal function in the immediate postoperative period and after 1 year.Materials and MethodsA common prospectively collected RAKT database was created by the European Robotic Urological Section (ERUS) RAKT working group, which included eight different European centres. In each centre RAKTs were performed with kidneys from living donors. Data on demographic variables, surgical results, graft survival, functional outcomes (creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) on postoperative days 7 and 30 and at 1 year, and late complications were extracted from the common database.ResultsA total of 147 RAKTs were performed by the ERUS RAKT working group. Of the 147 patients, 83 had at least 1‐year follow‐up (mean [range] 21 [13–27] months). Of these 83 patients, 30 were women. The patients’ median (range) age was 43 (30–75) years, body mass index was 25.3 (20–40) kg/m2, pre‐transplantation serum creatinine was 517 (198–1 414) μmol/L and estimated GFR (eGFR) was 10 (3–29) mL/min per 1.73 m2. Of the 83 cases, 46 were pre‐emptive. The median (range) overall ischaemia time was 116 (53–377) min. The median (range) rewarming time was 60 (35–110) min. At 1‐year follow‐up, the median (range) serum creatinine was 131 (66–244) μmol/L, with a median (range) eGFR of 57.4 (28–97) mL/min per 1.73 m2. There was no statistically significant difference between functional data at postoperative day 30 and those at 1 year for creatinine (P = 0.78) or eGFR (P = 0.91). Regarding the correlation between the surgical data and the functional outcomes, the data showed that overall operating time and rewarming time did not affect the graft function at 1 year. Three cases of graft loss occurred as a result of massive arterial thrombosis within the first postoperative week. Late complications comprised one case of ureteric stenosis and one case of graft pyelonephritis. No late vascular complications or cases of incisional hernia were recorded.ConclusionFindings at 1‐year follow‐up indicate RAKT from a living donor to be a safe procedure in a properly selected group of recipients. RAKT was associated with a low complication rate and there was maintenance of excellent graft survival and function. This is the first and largest study to report functional results after RAKT from a living donor with a minimum follow‐up of 1 year.
Functional and oncological outcomes of open, laparoscopic and robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy: a multicentre comparative matched‐pair analyses with a median of 5 years’ follow‐up
Authors: Chang Ki Don , Abdel Raheem Ali , Kim Kwang Hyun , Oh Cheol Kyu , Park Sung Yul , Kim Young Sik , Ham Won Sik , Han Woong Kyu , Choi Young Deuk , Chung Byung Ha , Rha Koon Ho 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo compare outcomes at a 5‐year median follow‐up among different partial nephrectomy (PN) approaches: robot‐assisted (RAPN), laparoscopic (LPN) and open partial nephrectomy (OPN).Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 1 308 patients who underwent PN (RAPN, n = 380; LPN, n = 206; OPN, n = 722) between 2006 and 2012 at one of four academic centres. We performed 1:1:1 propensity‐score‐matching adjustment based on confounding variables among groups, and 366 patients (122 in each group) were included in the final analysis. Survival rates were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe median follow‐up periods were 60, 59.8 and 64.1 months for RAPN, LPN and OPN, respectively. In the matched groups, RAPN resulted in significantly lower mean estimated blood loss compared with LPN (P = 0.025) and OPN (P = 0.040), while LPN was associated with a longer mean operating time compared with RAPN (P = 0.001) and OPN (P = 0.001). The hospital stay was shorter in the RAPN group (P = 0.008). Regarding the oncological outcomes, there were no significant differences among the three groups in local recurrence rate (P = 0.882), distant metastasis rate (P = 0.816) or deaths from cancer (P = 0.779). At latest follow‐up, the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) upstaging was significantly lower in RAPN compared with LPN (20.55% vs 32%; P = 0.035) and OPN (20.5% vs 33.6%; P = 0.038). The 5‐year CKD free‐survival rate was significantly higher (78.4%) in the RAPN group compared with 58.8% and 65.8% in the LPN and OPN groups, respectively (log‐rank P = 0.031).ConclusionsIn the present study, RAPN, LPN and OPN had similar local recurrence, distant metastasis and cancer‐related death rates at a 5‐year median follow‐up. In terms of functional outcomes, RAPN was associated with a lower incidence of CKD upstaging compared with OPN and LPN.
Left out? Housing insecurity for one‐person, low‐income, non‐senior households in Cape Breton Regional Municipality
Authors: Leviten‐Reid Catherine , Parker Brenda 
Published: April 2018

Key Messages

Low‐income, one‐person, non‐senior households experience significant housing insecurity and homelessness in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality.
This population has limited income and job opportunities and faces lower levels of assistance and fewer rental housing options.
This is a result of changing economic and social geographies, a gendered and colonial welfare state that has focused on “deserving” families, a neoliberal political economy, and neoliberal discourses.
Die Wirksamkeit einer neuen Nagelspange für die Behandlung von eingewachsenen Nägeln
Authors: Liu Che‐Wei , Huang Yu‐Chen 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleDie Behandlung kompliziert eingewachsener Zehennägel ist eine Domäne der Chirurgie. Allerdings liegen Berichte vor, nach denen alternative Therapieformen mit Nagelspangen eine gute Wirksamkeit zeigen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit einer neuen Nagelspange zur Behandlung eingewachsener Zehennägel zu untersuchen.Patienten und MethodenWir führten eine retrospektive Studie an Patienten mit eingewachsenen Zehennägeln durch, die zwischen dem 1. Juni 2015 und dem 30. Mai 2016 im Krankenhaus Wan Fang behandelt wurden. Eingewachsene Zehennägel wurden in akut entzündete/infizierte (AI) und chronisch dystrophische (CD) Typen eingeteilt. Unter Verwendung des Physician Global Assessment (PGA) wurde die Wirksamkeit von Nagelspangen für die beiden Typen von eingewachsenen Zehennägeln 1, 2, 3 und 6 Monate nach Beginn der Behandlung und während des letzten Arztbesuchs verglichen.Ergebnisse21 Patienten (42 Stellen) hatten eingewachsene Zehennägel des CD‐Typs; 25 Patienten (36 Stellen) hatten eingewachsene Zehennägel des AI‐Typs. Von den betroffenen Stellen zeigten nach 1, 3 bzw. 6 Monaten 81 %, 94 % bzw. 100 % ein ausgezeichnetes oder akzeptables Ergebnis. Die Rezidivrate betrug 10,3 %, die Komplikationsrate 7,7 %. Während eingewachsene Zehennägel des AI‐Typs in den ersten drei Monaten schneller hervorragende Ergebnisse erzielten als CD‐Typ‐Nägel, glichen sich die Ergebnisse nach sechs Monaten an.SchlussfolgerungenNagelspangen sind eine wirksame therapeutische Option, insbesondere für eingewachsene Zehennägel vom CD‐Typ.