bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between Early Alcohol Experiences, Drinker Self-Schema, and Drinking and Smoking in College Students
Authors: Lee Chia-Kuei , Corte Colleen , Stein Karen F. 
Published: February 2018

Background: Drinking and smoking commonly co-occur in undergraduate students. Although an identity as a drinker is a known predictor of alcohol use and alcohol problems, and early evidence suggests that it also predicts smoking, the role of these behaviors in the development of an identity as a drinker is unknown. In this study, the authors conceptualized a drinker identity as an enduring memory structure referred to as a self-schema and conducted a preliminary investigation of the relationships between early drinking experiences, drinker self-schema, and alcohol and tobacco use in undergraduate students. Methods: Three-hundred thirty undergraduates who reported current alcohol and tobacco use were recruited for an online survey study. Frequency of alcohol and tobacco use in the past 30 days, drinker self-schema, and early experiences with alcohol were measured. Results: Structural equation modeling showed that parental alcohol problems were associated with early onset of drinking. Early onset of drinking and high school friends’ drinking were associated with more alcohol use and alcohol-related problems in high school. Alcohol problems during high school were associated with high drinker self-schema scores, which were associated with high frequency of alcohol and tobacco use during college. The indirect effects through the drinker self-schema were significant. Conclusions: Although cross-sectional, this preliminary examination supports theoretical predictions that early alcohol experiences may contribute to development of the drinker self-schema, which, as expected, was positively associated with alcohol and tobacco use in college. Longitudinal studies that track the unfolding of drinking behavior and the contextual factors that are associated with it in the development of the drinker self-schema are essential to confirming the theoretical model. If supported, implications for intervention at different developmental stages to prevent early onset of drinking, limit adolescent alcohol use, and modify the development of a drinker self-schema may mitigate undergraduate drinking and smoking.
Comprehensive analysis of Helicobacter pylori infection-associated diseases based on miRNA-mRNA interaction network
Authors: Yang Jue , Song Hui , Cao Kun , Song Jialei , Zhou Jianjiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori and its interaction with host will contribute to developing novel prophylactical and therapeutical strategies. Here, we first determined microRNA (miRNA) levels in H. pylori-infected patients with gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma using miRNA data sets. Thirty-four differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and functional enrichment analysis of those miRNA target genes revealed that H. pylori infection were strongly associated with pathway in cancer and regulation of mRNA synthesis. Using disease connectivity analysis of 28 hub genes, we found that H. pylori may increase the risk of many extragastric diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease, hemic and lymphatic diseases and nervous system disease). Altogether, our integrated analysis provided a new method to predict pathogen–human disease connectivity based on miRNA-mRNA interaction network and indicated anti-H. pylori therapy as an effective means of human diseases prevention.
Investigating diet patterns of highly mobile marine predators using stomach contents, stable isotope, and fatty acid analyses
Authors: Young Talia , Pincin Jennifer , Neubauer Philipp , Ortega-García Sofía , Jensen Olaf P 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDetermining what animals eat is simultaneously challenging and yet also critical for ecologists, fisheries scientists, and resource managers. The tools of trophic ecology have expanded considerably in the last half century in pursuit of this goal. In this study, we combined stomach contents, stable isotope, and fatty acid analyses to investigate trophic patterns in three species of highly mobile, pelagic predators: striped marlin (Kajikia audax), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), and common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus). We were particularly interested in examining individual diet specialization among these species. We compared the short-term stomach contents with long-term diet proportions estimated from stable isotope ratios and fatty acid profiles using a Bayesian mixing model. Our results indicate that all three species feed on a mix of prey types. This work furthermore suggests that individuals of all three predator species demonstrate generalist feeding habits, with minimal differences in long-term (weeks, months) diet estimates between individuals with different short-term (hours, days) stomach contents. This novel, three-part analytical approach can elucidate complex and otherwise elusive trophic dynamics.
Malignancy Index Using Intraoperative Flow Cytometry is a Valuable Prognostic Factor for Glioblastoma Treated With Radiotherapy and Concomitant Temozolomide
Authors: Saito Taiichi , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Shioyama Takahiro , Komori Takashi , Maruyama Takashi , Nitta Masayuki , Yasuda Takayuki , Hosono Junji , Okamoto Saori , Kawamata Takakazu 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Intraoperative prediction of radiochemosensitivity is desirable for improving the clinical management of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. We have previously developed an original technique for intraoperative flow cytometry (iFC) and defined a malignancy index (MI).

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether MI correlates with prognosis in GBM patients who underwent the standard treatment protocol of radiotherapy and temozolomide administration.

METHODS
The current study included 102 patients with GBM that had been newly diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 who underwent our iFC analysis and received the standard treatment protocol. We evaluated MI values in each patient, then statistically analyzed the relationship between MI and prognosis using survival analysis that include other clinicopathological factors (age, sex, Karnofsky performance status [KPS], extent of resection, second-line bevacizumab, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase [MGMT] status, MIB-1 labeling index, and mutation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene [IDH1]).

RESULTS
Log-rank test revealed that age, KPS, extent of resection, MGMT status, IDH1 mutation, and high MI (≥26.3%) significantly correlated with overall survival. Multivariate analysis with Cox regression modeling identified MI as the most significant prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 2.246; 95% confidence interval = 1.347-3.800; P = .0019). MI showed strong correlation with IDH1 mutation status in chi-square test (P = .0023). In addition, log-rank test revealed that MI affects overall survival more strongly in patients with IDH1 wildtype than those with IDH1 mutant.

CONCLUSION
MI from an iFC study may help predict the prognosis in patients with GBM who receive the standard treatment. Survival can be related to sensitivity to radio-chemotherapy.
How Does Learning and Education Help to Overcome the Disposition Effect?*
Authors: Vaarmets Tarvo , Liivamägi Kristjan , Talpsepp Tõnn 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The paper assesses how intelligence, education, and learning affect the disposition effect using our exhaustive NASDAQ OMX Tallinn dataset. We employ survival analysis to show that higher intelligence and stronger learning abilities as measured by education level and the type of education lessen the disposition effect. More highly educated and intelligent investors also learn faster by trading. We find that mathematical abilities are beneficial for overcoming the disposition effect and propose that learning ability is one of the most important components of intelligence in affecting the disposition effect.
Assessing Postoperative Reduction After Acetabular Fracture Surgery: A Standardized Digital Computed Tomography–Based Method
Authors: Verbeek Diederik O. , van der List Jelle P. , Moloney Gele B. , Wellman David S. , Helfet David L. 
Published: February 2018

Summary:
Quality of reduction after acetabular fracture surgery is an important predictor of clinical outcome. Computed tomography (CT) is likely superior to plain pelvic radiography for assessment of postoperative reduction, but interobserver reliability may be limited in the absence of a widely adopted technique. We describe a standardized digital CT-based method for measuring residual (gap and step) displacement on CT after acetabular fracture surgery. In a selection of patients, we determined the interobserver reliability for measuring displacement and grading the quality of reduction on postoperative pelvic radiography and CT, with and without the use of this novel technique.
RISK FACTORS, TREATMENT STRATEGIES, AND OUTCOMES OF ENDOPHTHALMITIS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE FUNGAL KERATITIS
Authors: Wan Lei , Cheng Jun , Zhang Jing , Chen Nan , Gao Yan , Xie Li-Xin 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
To investigate risk factors, treatment strategies, and outcomes of endophthalmitis associated with severe fungal keratitis.

Methods:
Data from 392 patients diagnosed with fungal keratitis were retrospectively examined. Patients had severe disease that was refractory to topical or systemic antifungal therapy, and the infection involved the endothelium or perforated the cornea. The incidence and risk factors for endophthalmitis, and treatment outcomes were evaluated.

Results:
Thirty-seven of 392 patients (9.4%) had endophthalmitis. Multivariate logistic regression revealed the following risk factors for endophthalmitis: topical steroid use (odds ratio [OR] = 6.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01–20.08), previous corneal laceration suturing (OR = 5.05, 95% CI: 1.11–22.93), large corneal ulcer size (≥10-mm diameter; OR = 4.43, 95% CI: 1.71–11.50), hypopyon (OR = 11.05, 95% CI: 2.12–57.55), and aphakia (OR = 15.45, 95% CI: 1.59–149.82). Thirty of the 37 eyes (81.1%) with endophthalmitis were saved by penetrating keratoplasty, vitrectomy, or intravitreal antifungal injection; 7 eyes (18.9%) were eviscerated.

Conclusion:
Most patients with endophthalmitis secondary to corneal fungal infection were successfully managed by penetrating keratoplasty, vitrectomy, or intravitreal antifungal therapy. Multiple risk factors for endophthalmitis were identified. Timely diagnosis and risk factor assessment were essential for ensuring early surgical intervention for fungal keratitis–related endophthalmitis.
Corneal Neurotization With a Great Auricular Nerve Graft: Effective Reinnervation Demonstrated by In Vivo Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Benkhatar Hakim , Levy Ora , Goemaere Isabelle , Borderie Vincent , Laroche Laurent , Bouheraoua Nacim 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
We describe the first case of minimally invasive corneal neurotization with the great auricular nerve (GAN) to treat unilateral neurotrophic keratopathy. We assessed corneal sensation and reinnervation by esthesiometry and confocal microscopy over 12 months of follow-up, and we provide a detailed description of the surgical technique.

Methods:
Corneal neurotization was successfully achieved with the ipsilateral GAN in a 58-year-old woman. Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometry and in vivo confocal microscopy were performed before and after corneal neurotization, to monitor the recovery of corneal sensation and corneal reinnervation by subbasal nerve fibers.

Results:
Neurotrophic keratopathy was a complication of the surgical treatment of meningioma. Before surgery, the patient had no corneal sensation or corneal innervation. Six months after surgery, confocal microscopy confirmed regrowth of a large number of nerve fibers in the subepithelial space of the cornea. Nine months after surgery, a central esthesiometry score of 10-mm was attained.

Conclusions:
Corneal neurotization leads to reinnervation of the cornea and recovery of ocular sensation in adults. The GAN is suitable for use in corneal neurotization because of its anatomical proximity and the low level of associated morbidity. Confocal microscopy demonstrated the occurrence of corneal reinnervation, which preceded the recovery of corneal sensation.
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Failed Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty: A Case Series
Authors: Einan-Lifshitz Adi , Sorkin Nir , Boutin Tanguy , Mednick Zale , Kreimei Mohammad , Chan Clara C. , Rootman David S. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
To suggest a new surgical approach for posterior opacities or persistent Descemet membrane (DM) detachment in failed deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and to report the outcome of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in a series of patients with DALK failure.

Methods:
In this retrospective case series of patients who underwent DMEK for failed DALK at Toronto Western Hospital, 4 patients with failed DALK who underwent DMEK surgery were included. In all 4 cases, big bubble formation during initial DALK surgery had failed and the surgical technique was converted to manual dissection using the Melles technique. In 2 cases, the descemetorhexis in DMEK surgery was performed manually, and in 2 cases, the descemetorhexis was performed with the assistance of the femtosecond laser.

Results:
Four eyes of 4 patients aged 70 ± 4 years were included. Average follow-up time was 9 ± 5 months. Indications for DALK surgery were corneal dystrophy in 2 patients and corneal scars in the other 2. DALK failure was due to persistent DM detachment that created a double chamber in 2 patients and due to posterior lamellar haze in the other 2. After DMEK surgery, 2 patients had graft detachment and required rebubbling. In 1 patient, the DMEK scroll was attached after 1 rebubble attempt, and in the other patient, a second rebubble attempt was needed. The final visual acuities were 20/40, 20/50, 20/70, and 20/200 (because of dense cataract). All procedures were uneventful.

Conclusions:
DMEK surgery may be effective in managing DALK failure.
New-graduate Physical Therapists' Self-efficacy to Perform Patient Education Is Influenced by Entry-level Training Experiences
Authors: Forbes Roma , Mandrusiak Allison , Smith Michelle , Russell Trevor 
Published: February 2018

Introduction.
Patient education is an integral component of physical therapy practice. Little is known about the factors that influence new-graduate physical therapists' preparedness to perform patient education. Self-efficacy is an important construct in understanding how graduates will engage in this professional role. The purpose of this study was to investigate new-graduate physical therapists' self-efficacy across patient education competencies and to explore the relationship between self-efficacy and entry-level training experiences.

Methods.
New-graduate physical therapists completed a survey with four components: 1) a self-efficacy scale derived from patient education competencies; 2) questions about their training experiences; 3) an open response question relating to their perception of their patient education ability; and 4) demographic questions. Self-efficacy data were compared between groups based on training experiences and demographic groups. Open response data were subject to qualitative framework analysis.

Results.
A total of 121 new-graduate physical therapists (84.6%) completed the survey. One third of new graduates reported having high self-efficacy in relation to all patient education competencies. Nearly all respondents perceived that performing patient education during clinical placements (96%) and receiving feedback (93%) had a significant influence on their confidence to perform patient education. Most respondents (89.3%) reported having previous experiences representing all sources of self-efficacy during their entry-level training. These respondents had significantly higher self-efficacy scores than those who were lacking one or more experiences (P = .045). Half of all respondents (52%) reported all training experiences as “significant” in contributing to their confidence and had significantly higher self-efficacy scores than those who did not perceive all experiences as “significant” (P < .001). Emerging themes relating to the most meaningful influences on ability to perform patient education were 1) direct clinical practice, 2) observation of others, 3) feedback, and 4) rehearsal.

Discussion and Conclusion.
These findings support the mediating effects of Bandura's main sources of self-efficacy on new graduates' self-efficacy regarding patient education. Considerations for physical therapy curricular aimed at enhancing development of self-efficacy related to patient education is outlined.
Staphylococcus and MRSA Prevalence in Physical Therapist Education Programs: Are Students at Risk?
Authors: Gibbs Karen A. , Rohde Rodney E. , Sanders Barbara , Acosta Martha , Wild Dana L. 
Published: February 2018

Introduction.

Staphylococcus skin infections including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a major health concern in clinical and nonclinical settings where skin-to-skin and skin-to-surface contacts are frequent. This type of contact is inherent in entry-level physical therapy education laboratory classrooms, putting students at risk for exposure to harmful bacteria. With only one previous study examining the prevalence of Staphylococcus at a single program, the purpose of this study was to expand the study across multiple academic centers to further explore the presence of Staphylococcus and exposure risk in our laboratory classrooms.

Methods.
Four entry-level physical therapist education programs participated in the study. Swab samples were collected from plinths located in laboratory classrooms at each of the four academic sites and processed according to the previously documented protocol at each of the four academic sites.

Results.
Of the 333 total samples, 47 (14.1%) tested positive for S. aureus, 2 samples were positive for MRSA (0.06%). Although all four programs reported their laboratory classrooms were “multiuse,” the classrooms with the highest utilization had the highest prevalence of S. aureus.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Close quarters and frequent skin-to-skin and skin-to-surface contacts in physical therapist education increases student exposure risk to harmful bacteria. This risk increases in multiuse or high utilization laboratory classrooms. Education programs must develop and implement strong laboratory classroom disinfection protocols to protect students, faculty, and staff as well as the patients, family, and community members they may encounter. This simple environmental scan further highlights the need for additional multifacility screening regarding the prevalence of harmful bacteria in laboratory classrooms and close examination of cleaning protocols.
Performance in Simulation Is Associated With Clinical Practice Performance in Physical Therapist Students
Authors: Judd Belinda , Fethney Judith , Alison Jennifer , Waters Donna , Gordon Christopher 
Published: February 2018

Introduction.
Simulation-based clinical education is often adopted before clinical practice to provide health professional students with practice in a safe environment. The simulated environment is often presumed to replicate clinical practice, but performance in these settings is likely to be different. Simulation may be able to determine student clinical competency before clinical practice. However, there is little research comparing health professional student performance in simulation followed by clinical practice. The aim of the study was to determine whether there was an association between the performance of physical therapist students in simulation and clinical practice and whether aspects of simulation performance could predict subsequent clinical performance.

Methods.
We measured clinical performance of 148 graduate entry-level master physical therapist students using the Assessment of Physiotherapy Practice (APP) tool (n = 296) at the end of 2 weeks of simulation and subsequent 3 weeks of clinical practice. Assessments were conducted by clinical educators. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression with backward elimination for exploring predictors of clinical performance.

Results.
A significant association was found between student performance in simulation and clinical practice (r = .40, P < .001). Two domains of practice of the APP in simulation assessments, “analysis and planning” and “risk assessment,” were found to be predictive of student performance in subsequent clinical practice.

Discussion and Conclusion.
The association between physical therapist student performance in simulation and clinical practice adds support for simulation assessments being used to determine subsequent clinical practice performance. Educators may consider focusing on learner development in the domains of practice of “analysis and planning” and “risk assessment” in simulation as a way of assisting physical therapist student preparation for clinical practice and facilitating more effective implementation of simulation-based education practices.
Survey of Disability Competence Teaching and Assessment Strategies in Physical Therapist Education
Authors: Garrand Kiersten , Pechak Celia , Jimenez Liliana , Gell Nancy 
Published: February 2018

Introduction.
Current research indicates that health care professionals' biased attitudes toward people with disabilities (PWDs) may contribute to increased health care disparities and poorer quality of care. Targeted disability competence education may improve this situation. The 4 specific purposes of this study were to identify (1) the disability competencies physical therapist education program faculty identified as relevant to physical therapist education; (2) the disability competencies physical therapist programs addressed; (3) the training strategies physical therapist educators used to promote disability competence; and (4) the assessment strategies used to evaluate disability competence.

Methods.
Faculty members of entry-level Doctor of Physical Therapy programs in the United States (US) with the most knowledge of each program's disability-related curricula. An online survey was developed based on a review of the literature, and then e-mailed to program directors. Respondents were faculty members of entry-level Doctor of Physical Therapy programs in the United States (US) with the most knowledge of each program's disability-related curricula. Survey responses were summarized through frequencies and means; open-ended responses were analyzed using content analysis.

Results.
Eighty-four surveys were completed in part or whole for a final response rate of 38.7%. Most respondents (78.6%) stated that they include “disability” in the framework of “cultural competence,” but only 9.5% of respondents reported that their programs used the term “disability competence.” The majority used the listed teaching methods except for planned community-based interactions with PWDs.

Discussion and Conclusion.
This study was the first to explore approaches to disability competence in US-based physical therapist education programs. However, further research is indicated to determine the most effective methods of promoting disability competence.