bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A view of the learning organization from a corporate governance perspective
Authors: Sidani Yusuf , Reese Simon 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to provide an overview of the development of learning organization concepts from the perspective of Professor Bob Garratt and presents an interesting evolution toward his work on learning boardroom members.

Design/methodology/approach
Through a conversation with Professor Garratt, the authors capture several topics pertaining to his evolution of learning organization concepts, those who have differing views and ultimately what led him to develope his theories on the impact of the most senior members of an organization on the learning constructs.

Findings
The learning organization debate has many foundations that today have led to differing perspectives. Professor Garratt provides his particular background and how he developed his opinions, which he admits have not always been embraced in practice.

Originality/value
The discussion with Bob Garratt reveals his understanding of the learning organization concept and how it developed from a lifetime of practical application. Ultimately, the reader will understand, in Professor Garratt’s own words, where he was confronted with challenges and why his concepts evolved to where they are today.
Managing emotional and psychological distress in older people
Authors: Chapman Felicity 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Much has been written about helping those with dementia. But what about those for whom distress is not primarily related to a neurological cause and there is no psychiatric history? The purpose of this paper is to offer a guide for allied health professionals and family carers to manage distress in older people who are able to engage in language based communication and who are experiencing significant change or loss.

Design/methodology/approach
This practice informed paper draws on the authors’ extensive experience working as a mental health social worker who specializes in work with older people in the community and in care, with family carers and in educating allied health professionals on how to manage presentations of distress in older people.

Findings
Three foundational management strategies are discussed: understand the reason for distress, implement the C.A.R.E. Plan and maximize comfort in exploration and referral.

Research limitations/implications
This viewpoint piece has not been substantiated through research and does not reflect training in the field of clinical geropsychology.

Originality/value
The ideas in this paper are original and are practical solutions to common problems that can be faced by workers or family in close contact with older people. The information can be applied immediately to whatever setting is relevant for the reader and is written in easy to understand language. Furthermore, its aim is not only to increase skill and confidence for the reader but also to promote the emotional and psychological wellbeing of older people.
Quantification and spatial distribution of pore‐filling materials through constrained rock physics template and fluid response modelling in Paleogene clastic reservoir from Cauvery basin, India
Authors: Das Prabal Shankar , Chatterjee Rima , Dasgupta Sumangal , Das Ranajit , Bakshi Debjani , Gupta Mukesh 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTSands belonging to Kamalapuram Formation of Paleocene‐Eocene age are deposited in Cauvery basin as incised valley fill during a regressive cycle. Here we attempt to quantify the influence of diagenesis on pore‐filling materials using rock physics template constrained by geohistory modelling. Primarily, porosity–velocity and acoustic impedance – the ratio of P‐wave and S‐wave velocity (VP/Vs) cross‐plots are used as rock physics templates. Rock physics template has efficiently quantified pore‐filling materials namely; contact cement and non‐contact cement. The estimated contact cement and non‐contact cement are correlated with conventional petrophysical logs within the selected depth interval. Further, this correlation is used to interpret the composition of pore‐filling materials. Shallower depth intervals (I and II) exhibit moderate non‐contact cement (4–5%) and insignificant contact cement (1–2% approx.) depositions. However, deeper interval (III) records a significant amount of pore‐filling materials amounting average of 12% non‐contact cement and 4% contact cement. Pore‐filling materials demonstrate a positive correlation with the depth of burial. The fluid response is substantially affected by the degree of diagenesis, composition and spatial distribution of pore‐filling materials. Shallower depth intervals (1770–1786 m and 1858–1878 m) are relatively more sensitive to fluid changes as it is affected by insignificant contact cement. The depth interval 1770–1786 m shows class II (oil) and class III (gas) amplitude variation with offset anomalies. The sand occurring in depth interval 1858–1878 m demonstrates class IIP (oil) and II (gas) anomaly. The deeper interval (2118–2170 m) is comparatively stiffer and demonstrates class I amplitude variation with offset (oil and gas sand) anomaly.
Non‐random processes determine the colonization of groundwater sediments by microbial communities in a pristine porous aquifer
Authors: Fillinger Lucas , Zhou Yuxiang , Kellermann Claudia , Griebler Christian 
Published: October 2018

SummarySediments accommodate the dominating share of groundwater microbiomes, however the processes that govern the assembly and succession of sediment‐attached microbial communities in groundwater aquifers are not well understood. To elucidate these processes, we followed the microbial colonization of sterile sediments in in situ microcosms that were exposed to groundwater for almost 1 year at two distant but hydrologically connected sites of a pristine, shallow, porous aquifer. Our results revealed intriguing similarities between the community succession on the newly‐colonized sediments and succession patterns previously observed for biofilms in other more dynamic aquatic environments, indicating that the assembly of microbial communities on surfaces may be governed by similar underlying mechanisms across a wide range of different habitats. Null model simulations on spatiotemporally resolved 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data further indicated selection of specific OTUs rather than random colonization as the main driver of community assembly. A small fraction of persistent OTUs that had established on the sediments during the first 115 days dominated the final communities (68%–85%), suggesting a key role of these early‐colonizing organisms, in particular specific genera within the Comamonadaceae and Oxalobacteraceae, for community assembly and succession during the colonization of the sediments. Overall, our study suggests that differences between planktonic and sediment‐attached communities often reported for groundwater environments are not the result of purely stochastic events, but that sediment surfaces select for specific groups of microorganisms that assemble over time in a reproducible, non‐random way.
KevanHarris. A Social Revolution: Politics and the Welfare State in Iran2017OaklandUniversity of California Press ISBN‐10: 0520280822 336 pp. $85.00, £66.00 (hardback) $29.95, £24.00 (paperback)CihanTuğal. Caring for the Poor: Islamic and Christian Benevolence in a Liberal World2017New York and LondonRoutledge ISBN‐10: 1138041041 246 pp. £96.00 (hardback) £17.59 (paperback)
Authors: Derluguian Georgi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStudying the varieties of welfare can offer surprising insights in the workings and tensions of Islamist social movements in such major countries as Iran, Egypt, and Turkey. Based on extensive fieldwork and (for Iran) the batteries of socio‐economic data, the recent monographs of sociologists Kevan Harris and Cihan Tuğal offer a high‐resolution yet panoramic overview. Harris re‐positions the Iranian historical ‘improvisation called Islamic Republic’ as the ‘warfare/welfare state’ forged in the sacrificial defense against Saddam Hussein's onslaught in the 1980s. The Iranian ‘welfare for martyrs’ model itself built on the institutional remnants inherited from the earlier developmentalism of the shahs. The surprising resilience of ayatollahs’ regime is then better explained by its accidental affinity to the communist guerrilla states in the world‐system's semiperiphery like Cuba and Vietnam. By contrast, Tuğal sees the power of Islamist mobilizing in Egypt and Turkey in the historical failure of secular state modernizers, respectively Nasser and Atatürk, to meet the social and spiritual expectations of rural masses moving into the sprawling cities like Cairo and Istanbul. Following Gramsci and Bourdieu, Tuğal identifies a pregnant tension between the two Islamist models of welfare: neoliberal and religious egalitarian. This tension, not unlike the Christian social movements of interwar Europe, now amidst the post‐2008 economic dislocations tends to strengthen the non‐capitalist and egalitarian vector in the current global transformation.
The three‐year impact of the Affordable Care Act on disparities in insurance coverage
Authors: Courtemanche Charles , Marton James , Ukert Benjamin , Yelowitz Aaron , Zapata Daniela , Fazlul Ishtiaque 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo estimate the impact of the major components of the ACA (Medicaid expansion, subsidized Marketplace plans, and insurance market reforms) on disparities in insurance coverage after three years.Data SourceThe 2011‐2016 waves of the American Community Survey (ACS), with the sample restricted to nonelderly adults.DesignWe estimate a difference‐in‐difference‐in‐differences model to separately identify the effects of the nationwide and Medicaid expansion portions of the ACA using the methodology developed in the recent ACA literature. The differences come from time, state Medicaid expansion status, and local area pre‐ACA uninsured rates. In order to focus on access disparities, we stratify our sample separately by income, race/ethnicity, marital status, age, gender, and geography.Principal FindingsAfter three years, the fully implemented ACA eliminated 43% of the coverage gap across income groups, with the Medicaid expansion accounting for this entire reduction. The ACA also reduced coverage disparities across racial groups by 23%, across marital status by 46%, and across age‐groups by 36%, with these changes being partly attributable to both the Medicaid expansion and nationwide components of the law.ConclusionsThe fully implemented ACA has been successful in reducing coverage disparities across multiple groups.
Combination therapy with cilostazol and pravastatin improves antiatherogenic effects in low‐density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice
Authors: Park Kyung‐Yeon , Heo Tae‐Hwe 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAimsDespite the therapeutic efficacy of statins and antiplatelet agents for atherosclerosis, monotherapy with each drug alone is often insufficient to achieve the patient's therapeutic goals. We previously showed that combined statin/antiplatelet agent/anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agent therapy (pravastatin/sarpogrelate/etanercept) reduces atherosclerotic lesions by inhibiting TNF, an atherogenic cytokine that contributes to the progression of arteriosclerosis. In addition, our previous study showed that combined treatment with pravastatin and cilostazol is effective for reducing TNF‐driven inflammation through anti‐TNF activity. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the additive effects of combined pravastatin and cilostazol therapy on atherosclerotic progression using low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout (KO) mice.MethodsTen‐week‐old LDLR KO mice were fed a high‐fat, high‐cholesterol diet and orally administered pravastatin and cilostazol alone or in combination. Body weight, plasma lipid levels, and the levels of intracellular adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. In addition, aortas and aortic roots were stained with Oil Red O, and atherosclerotic plaques were quantified.ResultsThe atherosclerotic plaques in the combined pravastatin and cilostazol treatment groups were significantly reduced compared to those in each drug monotherapy group. The combination therapy group also showed the downregulation of ICAM‐1, MOMA‐2, TNF, interleukin (IL)‐6, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein levels and the upregulation of high‐density lipoprotein levels compared to those of the pravastatin‐ or cilostazol‐treated groups.ConclusionsOur results suggest that combination therapy with pravastatin and cilostazol exerts beneficial effects by decreasing atherosclerotic lesion progression and improving the pro‐inflammatory state in the vascular endothelium. These effects are mediated by the reduction in adhesion molecule expression, immune cell infiltration, and cytokine levels and the antiatherosclerotic modulation of serum cholesterol levels. Therefore, we conclude that combined treatment with pravastatin and cilostazol may be a more effective antiatherosclerotic strategy than treatment with either agent alone.
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate ∆9‐THC dependence: Mouse and human studies
Authors: Donvito Giulia , Muldoon Pretal P. , Jackson Kia J. , Ahmad Urslan , Zaveri Nur T. , McIntosh J. Michael , Chen Xiangning , Lichtman Aron H. , Damaj M. Imad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCessation from prolonged use of ∆9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary active compound responsible for the cannabimimetic effects of cannabis, results in a mild to moderate withdrawal syndrome in humans and laboratory animals. Whereas manipulations of the endogenous cannabinoid system (eg, cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoid regulating enzymes) alter nicotine withdrawal, in this study we asked the reciprocal question. Do nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) modulate THC withdrawal? To assess the role of different nAChR subtypes in THC withdrawal, we used transgenic mouse, preclinical pharmacological, and human genetic correlation approaches. Our findings show that selective α3β4* nAChR antagonist, AuIB, and α3β4* nAChR partial agonist, AT‐1001, dose‐dependently attenuated somatic withdrawal signs in THC‐dependent mice that were challenged with the cannabinoid‐1 receptor antagonist rimonabant. Additionally, THC‐dependent α5 and α6 nAChR knockout (KO) mice displayed decreased rimonabant precipitated somatic withdrawal signs compared with their wild‐type counterparts. In contrast, β2 and α7 nAChR KO mice showed no alterations in THC withdrawal signs. Moreover, deletion of β2 nAChR did not alter the reduced expression of somatic signs by the preferred α6β4* antagonist, BulA [T5A;P60]. Finally, the human genetic association studies indicated that variations in the genes that code for the α5, α3, β4, and α6 nAChRs were associated with cannabis disorder phenotypes. Overall, these findings suggest that α3β4* and α6β4* nAChR subtypes represent viable targets for the development of medications to counteract THC dependence.
The valves of the cardiac outflow tract of the starry ray, Raja asterias (Chondrichthyes; Rajiformes): Anatomical, histological and evolutionary aspects
Authors: Lorenzale Miguel , Fernández Borja , Durán Ana Carmen , López‐Unzu Miguel A. , Sans‐Coma Valentín 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe cardiac outflow tract of chondrichthyans is composed of the myocardial conus arteriosus, equipped with valves at its luminal side, and the bulbus arteriosus devoid of myocardium. Knowledge of the histomorphology of the conal valves is scarce despite their importance in preventing blood backflow to the heart. Current information on the subject refers to a single shark species. The present report is the first to describe the structure of the conal valves of a batoid species, namely, Raja asterias. Hearts from seven starry rays were examined using scanning electron microscopy and histochemical techniques for light microscopy. In all hearts, the conus showed four transverse rows of three pocket‐like valves each. Each valve was composed of a leaflet and its supporting sinus. The leaflet had a stout central body, rich in glycosaminoglycans, which contained fibroblasts, collagen and elastin. The central body was surrounded by two thin fibrous layers, outer and inner, formed mainly by collagen. The valves of the anterior row, which were the largest of the valvular system, were attached proximally to the conus arteriosus and distally to the bulbus arteriosus, and not to the ventral aorta as previously reported for chondrichthyans. The arrangement of the anterior valves in the starry ray is an anatomical pattern that apparently has been preserved throughout the evolution of vertebrates.
Guidelines for the safe practice of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA)
Authors: Nimmo A. F. , Absalom A. R. , Bagshaw O. , Biswas A. , Cook T. M. , Costello A. , Grimes S. , Mulvey D. , Shinde S. , Whitehouse T. , Wiles M. D. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryGuidelines are presented for safe practice in the use of intravenous drug infusions for general anaesthesia. When maintenance of general anaesthesia is by intravenous infusion, this is referred to as total intravenous anaesthesia. Although total intravenous anaesthesia has advantages for some patients, the commonest technique used for maintenance of anaesthesia in the UK and Ireland remains the administration of an inhaled volatile anaesthetic. However, the use of an inhalational technique is sometimes not possible, and in some situations, inhalational anaesthesia is contraindicated. Therefore, all anaesthetists should be able to deliver total intravenous anaesthesia competently and safely. For the purposes of simplicity, these guidelines will use the term total intravenous anaesthesia but also encompass techniques involving a combination of intravenous infusion and inhalational anaesthesia. This document is intended as a guideline for safe practice when total intravenous anaesthesia is being used, and not as a review of the pros and cons of total intravenous anaesthesia vs. inhalational anaesthesia in situations where both techniques are possible.
Maladaptive personality traits, psychological morbidity and coping strategies in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: van Haalen Femke M. , van Dijk Elon H.C. , Andela Cornelie D. , Dijkman Greet , Biermasz Nienke R. , Pereira Alberto M. , Boon Camiel J.F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurpose‘Type A’ behavioural characteristics and psychosocial stress have traditionally been associated with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC). However, a characteristical personality profile could not be identified in these patients and the presumed association with stress is subject to controversy, due to a lack of convincing studies using validated measuring instruments. In this study, we aimed to assess maladaptive personality traits, psychological morbidity and coping strategies in patients with cCSC, in order to identify potentially modifiable psychosocial aspects which could be used in support to current standard treatment.MethodsA cross‐sectional study in a cohort of 86 patients with cCSC using validated questionnaires. Findings were compared to both Dutch population reference data and reference data from patients treated for Cushing's disease.ResultsMaladaptive personality traits were not more prevalent in patients with cCSC than in the general population, and psychological morbidity was not increased. Patients with cCSC were shown to make more use of passive coping, active coping and seeking social support. Interestingly, personality, psychological morbidity and coping characteristics of patients with cCSC were more comparable to features of patients treated for Cushing's disease than to population‐based data.ConclusionMaladaptive personality traits such as type A behavioural characteristics are not more prevalent in patients with cCSC. Patients with cCSC make more use of certain coping strategies, which could be addressed by psychosocial care to improve self‐management. Further research is needed establish whether the course of disease can be improved by altering coping and reducing ‘stress’.
Opting for home birth in rural Bangladesh: An assessment of the current status and reasons
Authors: Perkins Janet E. , Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur , Siddique Abu Bakkar , Haider Mohammad Rifat , Banik Goutom , Tahsina Tazeen , Arifeen Shams El 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn Bangladesh, over half of women give birth at home, generally without the support of a skilled birth attendant. In this article, we examined the decision‐making around birthplace and explored the reported reasons of preferring home birth over facility birth in a rural district of Bangladesh.MethodsA cross‐sectional household survey with 1367 women was conducted in Brahmanbaria district. Choice of birthplace and actual place of birth were the main outcomes of interest. Associations between the outcomes of interest and background characteristics were analyzed through binary logistic regression. Effects of the covariates and confounders were adjusted through multiple logistic regression.ResultsSixty‐four percent of women planned to give birth at home, and 62% gave birth at home. Planning to give birth at home was significantly associated with eventually giving birth at home (AOR [CI]: 4.93 [3.79‐6.43]). Multiparous women and women from larger households were significantly more likely to give birth at home, whereas more educated and wealthier women and those attending antenatal care were significantly less likely to give birth at home. The main reported reasons for home birth were perceived lack of importance of facility birth, financial reasons, fear of cesarean section, and not being permitted by a husband of other family member to seek facility birth.ConclusionsHome is the preferred birthplace and main actual place of birth in rural Bangladesh. The maternal health program of Bangladesh should look critically at the preferences of women and reasons for those preferences for further promotion of skilled attendance at birth in rural settings.
Overexpression of Forkhead box Q1 correlates with poor prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Hong‐Qun , Wang Ai‐Chun , Li Ying‐Xue , Ding Shan‐Shan , An Xiao‐Jing , Shi Huai‐Yin 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveForkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1), a member of the forkhead transcription factor family, plays important parts in cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism, immunology and tumour genesis. Its expression has been associated with poor clinical prognosis in various tumours. However, the clinical significance of FOXQ1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been fully studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether FOXQ1 is correlated with poor prognosis in PTC.Design/MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 136 PTCs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine the expression of FOXQ1 in 136 PTCs and 47 nodular goitre specimens. Rank‐sum test, chi‐square test, Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of FOXQ1 expression in PTC.ResultsThe comparison of PTC specimens with nodular goitre with papillary hyperplasia specimens revealed an upregulation of FOXQ1 in PTC. Overexpression of FOXQ1 was observed in 63.24% of PTC and correlated with classic variant, tall variant, distant metastasis, AJCC stage and recurrence. FOXQ1‐positive expression was associated with shorter disease‐free survival: median disease‐free survival of FOXQ1‐positive patients was 23 months compared with 128 months for FOXQ1‐negative patients (Log‐rank χ2 = 12.31, P = 0.00045). Additional independent risk factors in this study were multifocality (recurrence‐free survival [RFS]: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.391, P < 0.05), extrathyroidal extension (RFS: HR = 3.906, P < 0.05) and positive expression of FOXQ1 (RFS: HR = 6.385, P < 0.01).ConclusionsOur results indicated that FOXQ1 may be a useful additional biomarker to evaluate the progression of PTC and to predict likely relapse of disease.