bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentially inappropriate prescriptions of anticholinergics drugs in Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Valladales‐Restrepo Luis Fernando , Duran‐Lengua Marlene , Machado‐Alba Jorge Enrique 
Published: July 2019

AimAlzheimer's disease is a common cause of dementia, and is usually treated with medications that elevate acetylcholine levels. The objective of the present study was to identify drugs with anticholinergic properties prescribed to patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in Colombia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out in outpatients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease who were identified from a population database from Colombia, and had been treated with cholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonists. The anticholinergic burden was evaluated using the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden scale, and patients were classified on a scale of 0–3 points according to anticholinergic potential, and were grouped into those with mild‐to‐moderate (1–2 points) or high (≥3 points) anticholinergic load.ResultsThe study included 4134 Alzheimer's disease patients. The mean age was 81.50 ± 8.16 years, and 67.8% were women. At least 22.9% of patients took anticholinergic drugs. Of these, the most frequently prescribed medication was quetiapine (8.6%). Age >85 years was associated with a high risk of having an anticholinergic burden ≥3 points (OR 2.19, 95%CI 1.159–4.162). Potential interactions between cholinesterase inhibitors and anticholinergic drugs were identified in 7.8% of patients.ConclusionsThe majority of patients who were prescribed anticholinergic drugs were older women, had a significant total anticholinergic burden and had frequent pharmacological interactions with cholinesterase inhibitors. The use of anticholinergics reduces the clinical effectiveness of antidementia drugs and increases the risk of adverse reactions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 913–917.
Clinical Analysis of Sphenoid Sinus Mucocele With Initial Neurological Symptoms
Authors: Chen Keyang , Cao Yungang , Wu Jianbin , Xiang Haijie , Huang Xiu‐Feng , Chen Bobei 
Published: July 2019

Background and ObjectivesNeurological manifestations associated with sphenoid sinus mucocele (SSM) are easily misdiagnosed due to nonspecific symptoms. The objective is to analyze and report the clinical features of SSM presenting with neurological manifestations, to allow an earlier diagnosis and more timely intervention for this disease.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional study including 19 patients. The detailed clinical information of 19 patients with the initial symptom of neurological manifestations caused by SSM presenting at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2000 and May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Collected data including symptoms, signs, neuroimaging, and pathologic diagnoses.ResultsThere were eleven males and 8 females, and their ages ranged from 23 to 71 years. Headache was the most frequent symptom, in 12 of the 19 patients presenting as the initial symptom. The visual disturbance included visual loss (4/19), diplopia (3/19), and another patient had both visual loss and diplopia. Neurophysical examination found that 4 patients presented with oculomotor nerve palsy, 4 patients had optic nerve or abducens nerve palsy, and 1 patient had optic neuropathy, oculomotor nerve palsy and abducens nerve palsy simultaneously. All patients underwent endoscopic surgery and had postoperative clinical symptom improvement.ConclusionsHeadache is the most common symptom of SSM and should be on the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with headache, even if in isolation. The results suggest that CT and MRI are the best tools in diagnosis of SSM and endoscopic sphenoidotomy is a safe and effective method in the treatment of SSM.
MMP11 expression in intratumoral inflammatory cells in breast cancer
Authors: Eiro Noemi , Cid Sandra , Fernández Berta , Fraile Maria , Cernea Ana , Sánchez Rosario , Andicoechea Alejandro , DeAndrés Galiana Enrique J , González Luis O , Fernández‐Muñiz Zulima , Fernández‐Martínez Juan L , Vizoso Francisco J 
Published: July 2019

AimsIt is known that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐11 has a role in tumour development and progression, and also that immune cells can influence cancer cells to increase their proliferative and invasive properties. The aim of the present study was to propose the evaluation of MMP11 expression by intratumoral mononuclear inflammatory cells (MICs) as a useful biological marker for breast cancer prognosis.Methods and resultsThis study comprised 246 women with invasive breast carcinoma, and a long follow‐up period. Patients were stratified with regard to nodal status and to the development of metastatic disease. The median follow‐up period in patients without metastasis was 146 months and in patients with metastatic disease 31 months. MMP11 was determined by immunohistochemistry. For relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) analysis we used the Cox’s univariate method. Cox’s regression model was used to examine the interactions between different prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOur results showed that MMP11 expression by stromal cells was significantly associated with prognosis. MMP11 expression by cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was associated with both shortened RFS and OS, but MMP11 expression by MICs showed a stronger association with both shortened RFS and OS, therefore being the most potent and independent factor to predict RFS and OS.
LiPON and NaPON glasses: A study of the ammonolysis of lithium and sodium metaphosphate melts
Authors: De Souza José Ezequiel , Rojas De Souza Seila , Gebhardt Ryan , Kmiec Steven , Whale Alison , Warthen Martin Steve 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetaphosphate glasses such as LiPO3 and NaPO3 are known to incorporate nitrogen in the molten state under NH3 flow to form (Li/Na)PON glasses through the reaction: (Li/Na)PO3 + xNH3 → (Li/Na)PO3−(3x/2)Nx + (3x/2)H2O, by partially replacing two‐coordinated oxygen with two‐ and three‐coordinated nitrogen. After nitridation, the glasses exhibit improved properties such as increased working range, chemical durability, and ionic conductivity. In this study, LiPO3 and NaPO3 glasses were prepared by the conventional melting and casting method and used as base glasses for the ammonolysis procedure. The nitridation processes were carried out by remelting the base glasses at temperatures up to 780°C, under a constant NH3 flow. The effects on the nitrogen content in the resulting (Li/Na)PON glasses caused by different processing times and masses of powder and/or bulk materials were investigated. Nitridation was successfully confirmed by CNHS chemical analyses, Raman spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Mass loss measurements after the ammonolysis process and Raman spectroscopy were used to quantify the nitrogen content into the glass structure. A new approach using a specific Raman normalization, (P–N<)/(O–P–O)sym, has been demonstrated as a reliable, simple, and fast way to determine the amounts of N incorporated to metaphosphate glass structures.
Machine learning can predict setting behavior and strength evolution of hydrating cement systems
Authors: Oey Tandré , Jones Scott , Bullard Jeffrey W. , Sant Gaurav 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSetting and strength development of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) binders involves multiple interacting chemical reactions, resulting in the formation of a solid microstructure. A long‐standing yet elusive goal has been to establish a basis for the prediction of the properties and performance of concrete using knowledge of the chemical and physical attributes of its components—PC, sand, stone, water, and chemical admixtures—together with the environmental conditions under which they react. Machine learning (ML) provides a data‐driven basis for the estimation of properties, and has recently been applied to estimate the 28 days (compressive) strength of concrete from knowledge of its mixture proportions (Young et al, Cem Concr Res, 2019, 115:379). Building on this success, the current work uses a diverse dataset of ASTM C150 cements, the chemical composition and other attributes of which have been measured. ML estimators were trained with this dataset to estimate both paste setting time and mortar strength development. The ML estimation errors are typically similar to the measurement repeatability of the relevant ASTM test methods, and are thus able to account for the influence of binder composition and fineness. This creates new opportunities to apply data intensive methods to optimize concrete formulations under multiple constraints of cost, CO2 impact, and performance attributes.
MicroRNA‐transcriptome networks in whole blood and monocytes of women undergoing preterm labour
Authors: Paquette Alison G. , Shynlova Oksana , Wu Xiaogang , Kibschull Mark , Wang Kai , Price Nathan D. , Lye Stephen J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPreterm birth is attributed to neonatal morbidity as well as cognitive and physiological challenges. We have previously identified significant differences in mRNA expression in whole blood and monocytes, as well as differences in miRNA concentration in blood plasma, extracellular vesicles (EV) and EV‐depleted plasma in women undergoing spontaneous preterm labour (sPTL). The goal of this analysis was to identify differences in miRNA expression within whole blood (WB) and peripheral monocytes (PM) from the same population of women undergoing sPTL compared with non‐labouring controls matched by gestational age. We performed single‐end small RNA sequencing in whole blood and peripheral monocytes from women undergoing sPTL with active contractions (24‐34 weeks of gestation, N = 15) matched for gestational age to healthy pregnant non‐labouring controls (>37 weeks gestation, N = 30) who later delivered at term as a part of the Ontario Birth Study (Toronto, Ontario CA). We identified significant differences in expression of 16 miRNAs in PMs and nine miRNAs in WB in women undergoing sPTL. In PMs, these miRNAs were predicted targets of 541 genes, including 28 previously associated with sPTL. In WB, miRNAs were predicted to target 303 genes, including nine previously associated with sPTL. These genes were involved in a variety of immune pathways, including interleukin‐2 signalling. This study is the first to identify changes in miRNA expression in WB and PMs of women undergoing sPTL. Our results shed light on potential mechanisms by which miRNAs may play a role in mediating systemic inflammatory response in pregnant women that deliver prematurely.
Childhood maltreatment, neuropsychological function and suicidal behavior
Authors: Zelazny Jamie , Melhem Nadine , Porta Giovanna , Biernesser Candice , Keilp John G. , Mann J. John , Oquendo Maria A. , Stanley Barbara , Brent David A. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSuicide is the second leading cause of death in young people. Childhood maltreatment, neuropsychological dysfunction and psychopathology have each been shown to increase risk for suicidal behavior. However, few studies have examined their interactions and the effects of those interactions on suicidal behavior.MethodsAcross two sites, a total of 382 offspring of depressed parents underwent neuropsychological assessments. This high‐risk sample included nearly equal numbers of males and females. Average age at the time of neuropsychological assessment was 18.5 years. The most prevalent lifetime psychiatric disorders were mood (43%), anxiety (37%) and alcohol and substance use disorders (21%). Childhood maltreatment was reported by 44% of offspring. Participants underwent extensive neuropsychological testing assessing the following domains: attention, memory, executive function, working memory, language fluency, and impulse control. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of reported childhood maltreatment, neuropsychological functioning, psychopathology and their interactions with suicidal behavior. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple comparisons.ResultsMaltreatment was associated with increased risk of suicidal behavior with odds ratios ranging between 2.40 and 4.43. Moderation analyses found that adaptive neuropsychological functioning was not protective against childhood maltreatment's effect on suicidal risk. While lifetime history of mood disorder was strongly associated with suicidal behavior, higher scores in working memory (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.45; p < .001) and executive function (OR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.43; p < .001) were protective against suicidal behavior even in the presence of a lifetime history of mood disorder.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to determine how neuropsychological capacity protects depressed patients against the risk of suicidal behavior.
Changes in oral microbial profiles associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma vs leukoplakia
Authors: Hashimoto Kengo , Shimizu Dai , Hirabayashi Sho , Ueda Sei , Miyabe Satoru , Oh‐iwa Ichiro , Nagao Toru , Shimozato Kazuo , Nomoto Shuji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequently occurring cancer among head and neck SCC worldwide. The identification of novel effective biomarkers for early detection may greatly improve the survival rate and prognosis of patients with OSCC. This study aimed to identify specific oral microbial profiles associated with OSCC.MethodsSaliva samples were collected from oral leukoplakia (OLK) and OSCC patients (N = 6 each) and healthy controls (HC; N = 4). Total bacterial genomic DNA was isolated and 16S rRNA gene survey was performed by next‐generation sequencing of the V4 region. The relative distribution of abundance for phylogenetic groups was compared among the OSCC and OLK groups.ResultsThe 448 operational taxonomic units detected from the libraries were classified into 133 genera, 69 families, 41 orders, 26 classes and 12 phyla. The abundance of phyla Bacteroidetes and genus Solobacterium was notably higher in the OSCC group when compared with the OLK group, whereas those of genus Streptococcus was significantly lower in the OSCC group when compared with the OLK.ConclusionThese changes in the salivary microbiome may have potential applications as a novel diagnostic tool for the early detection of OSCC.
Body balance analysis of children and youth with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Lipowicz A. , Bugdol M. N. , Szurmik T. , Bibrowicz K. , Kurzeja P. , Mitas A. W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are an identified group with postural disturbances resulting from a lack of integration among the visual, vestibular and proprioceptive systems. The insufficient level of maturity of the sensory systems is at least partly responsible for disturbances in maintaining body balance. More sway can increase the risk of falls and body injuries. The aims of the study were (1) to compare the ability to maintain the body balance of children and youth with a varying degree of ID, both with the eyes open and closed, and (2) to determine to what extent factors such as sex, level of ID, visual stimulus and body height independently affect the ability to maintain body balance in children and adolescents with ID.MethodThe study involved 131 people aged 13–21 years (65 girls and 66 boys). The participants were classified as (1) with mild disability (42 girls and 47 boys) and (2) with moderate disability (23 girls and 19 boys), based on IQ test results. Sway measures were collected with the Zebris platform, with the eyes open and closed. Sway path, sway path in anterio‐posterior and medio‐lateral directions and sway area were analysed.ResultsBoys with moderate ID were characterised by a significantly more sway indicating their worse postural balance ability than boys with mild ID, both in the trials with open eyes and closed ones. The type of test (eyes open/eyes closed) to a small extent had influenced the body balance of the examined children with ID. Results of analyses of covariance had showed that all analysed factors (sex, level of ID, type of the test performance and body height), irrespectively from direction of sway (sway path in anterio‐posterior and medio‐lateral directions), worked independently influencing body balance.ConclusionsIt could be assumed that lower height, moderate disability and male sex are factors significantly reducing ability of maintenance of balance of children and youth with ID.
The calcium‐activated protease calpain regulates netrin‐1 receptor deleted in colorectal cancer‐induced axon outgrowth in cortical neurons
Authors: Duquette Philippe M. , Lamarche‐Vane Nathalie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDuring development, neurons extend axons toward their appropriate synaptic targets to establish functional neuronal connections. The growth cone, a highly motile structure at the tip of the axon, is capable of recognizing extracellular guidance cues and translating them into directed axon outgrowth through modulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Netrin‐1 mediates its attractive function through the receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) to promote axon outgrowth and guidance. The calcium‐activated protease calpain is involved in the cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins, which plays an important role during adhesion turnover and cell migration. However, its function during neuronal development is less understood. Here we demonstrate that netrin‐1 activated calpain in embryonic rat cortical neurons in an extracellular‐regulated kinase 1/2‐dependent manner. In addition, we found that netrin‐1 stimulation led to an increase in calpain‐1 localization in the axon, whereas its endogenous inhibitor calpastatin was decreased in the growth cones of cortical neurons by indirect immunofluorescence. Interestingly, calpain‐1 was able to cleave DCC in vitro. Furthermore, netrin‐1 induced the cleavage of the cytoskeletal proteins spectrin and focal adhesion kinase concomitantly with the intracellular domain of DCC in a calpain‐dependent manner in embryonic rat cortical neurons. Cortical neurons over‐expressing calpastatin or calpain‐depleted neurons displayed increased basal axon length and were unresponsive to netrin‐1 stimulation. Altogether, we propose a novel model whereby netrin‐1/DCC‐mediated axon outgrowth is modulated by calpain‐mediated proteolysis of DCC and cytoskeletal targets in embryonic cortical neurons.
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Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials BadgeFor more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/
A new superficial needle‐scraping method for assessing Demodex density in papulopustular rosacea
Authors: Huang Hui‐Peng , Hsu Chao‐Kai , Lee Julia Yu‐Yun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundStandardized skin surface biopsy (SSSB) is often performed to determine the density of Demodex mites in facial papulopustular eruptions.AimWe aimed to test the applicability of a new, “superficial needle‐scraping” (SNS) method for assessing Demodex density in papulopustular rosacea (PPR).Patients and methodsUsing SNS method, we measured the Demodex density in patients with PPR, also enrolling the patients with acne vulgaris as controls. SNS was performed by gently scraping off 5 small pustules with the convex surface of the tip of an 18# needle for examination. For comparison, SSSB was also performed in patients with PPR. Demodex density was expressed as “mites per 5 pustules” for SNS and as “mites per cm2” for SSSB.ResultsA total of 40 patients with PPR and 35 patients with acne vulgaris were recruited. There were no statistically significant differences in age or sex between the PPR and acne groups. The Demodex density was 5.6 ± 4.2 in the PPR group versus 0.3 ± 1.0 in the acne group (P < .001). The cutoff of “≥3 Demodex mites per 5 pustules” gave a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 97%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.89. Moreover, SNS and SSSB gave mutually concordant results (positive or negative) in half of the patients.ConclusionOur study suggests that SNS is a simple and convenient method for assessing Demodex density of pustules in PPR and can be a useful alternative or addition to SSSB for evaluation of Demodex‐associated facial papulopustular eruptions.
Transdermal vitamin D supplementation—A potential vitamin D deficiency treatment
Authors: Sawarkar Sujata , Ashtekar Ashwini 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVitamin D deficiency has high prevalence worldwide. Vitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D, exhibits array of roles in body, from calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization to cancer, neurological disorders, immunomodulatory action, and cardiac health. Current approaches for supplementing vitamin D3 are restricted to oral and parenteral routes. This review highlights recent research in the field of transdermal delivery of vitamin D, its active form and analogues with the aid of penetration enhancers and novel carrier system as nutritional supplement in case of vitamin D deficiency. The penetration of vitamin D3 is challenging; however, by means of reducing hydrophobicity of the active and encapsulating vitamin D3 in a suitable carrier system, penetration is achieved. The results show that penetration of vitamin D3 through skin is feasible. Further clinical trials could strengthen these results. However, the present research till date shows transdermal vitamin D3 a promising way of supplementation.
Nurses' understanding and experience of applying painful stimuli when assessing components of the Glasgow Coma Scale
Authors: Cook Neal F. , Braine Mary E. , Trout Ruth 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate nurses' application, understanding and experience of applying painful stimuli when assessing components of the Glasgow Coma Scale.BackgroundThe Glasgow Coma Scale has been subjected to much scrutiny and debate since its publication in 1974. However, criticism, confusion and misunderstandings in relation to the use of painful stimuli and its application remain. An absence of evidence‐informed guidance on the use and duration of application of painful stimuli remains, with the potential to negatively impact on decision‐making, delay responsiveness to neurological deterioration and result in adverse incidents.Design and MethodsThis international study used an online self‐reported survey design to ascertain neuroscience nurses' perceptions and experiences around the application of painful stimuli as part of a GCS assessment (n = 273). The STROBE checklist was used.ResultsData revealed varied practices and a sense of confusion from participants. Anatomical sites for the assessment of pain varied, but most respondents identified the trapezius grip/pinch in assessing eye‐opening and motor responses. Most respondents identified they assess eye‐opening and motor responses together and apply pain for <6 s to elicit a response. Witnessed complications secondary to applying a painful stimulus were varied and of concern.ConclusionNeuroscience nurses in this study clearly required evidence‐informed guidelines to underpin practice both in applying painful stimuli and in managing the experience of the person in their care and the family response. A standardised approach to education is necessary to ensure greater interrater reliability of assessment not only within nursing but across professions.Relevance to practiceResults of this study illustrate inconsistency and confusion when using the Glasgow Coma Scale in practice; this has the potential to compromise care. Clarity around the issues highlighted is necessary. Moreover, these results can inform future guidelines and education required for supporting nurses in practice.