bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodehalogenation of Polyhalogenated Aromatics Catalyzed by NiPd Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene
Authors: Guo Xuefeng , Yu Chao , Yin Zhouyang , Sun Shouheng , Seto Christopher T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNi30Pd70 nanoparticles supported on nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) acts as a catalyst for the hydrodehalogenation of halogenated aromatics under mild reaction conditions. It reduces mono‐ or dichloroarenes to the corresponding dehalogenated arenes in >90 % yield in 10 % aqueous isopropanol solvent at or below 50 °C within 5 h. Tests on a variety of substrates containing various functional groups show that the catalyst is selective for reduction of C−Cl and C−Br bonds. In addition, this catalyst completely hydrodehalogenates high‐concentration solutions of dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls, chloroaromatic constituents of the defoliant agent orange, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in 12 h. The catalyst is reusable and shows no morphological or compositional changes after 5 cycles. This methodology offers a powerful, low‐cost, and safe technology for the degradation of polyhalogenated aromatics, and may be useful for preventing proliferation of these toxins in the environment from causing serious health issues.
Performances of Several Solvents on the Cleavage of Inter‐ and Intramolecular Linkages of Lignin in Corncob Residue
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liu Xudong , Li Jianmei , Jiang Zhicheng , Hu Changwei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe performances of solvents, including γ‐butyrolactone (GBL), γ‐valerolactone (GVL), tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethyl acetate (EAC), 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF), and the corresponding mixtures with H2O, on the cleavage of inter‐ and intramolecular linkages of lignin in corncob residue were investigated. At 200 °C, miscible cosolvents (H2O–GBL, H2O–GVL, and H2O–THF) exhibited much better efficiency for lignin dissolution than that of both immiscible cosolvents (H2O–EAC and H2O–2‐MeTHF) and pure solvents. The synergetic effect between H2O and organic solvent significantly promoted the breakage of intermolecular linkages between C6−O−H of amorphous cellulose and lignin. GBL and THF solvents preferentially dissolved lignin with H and G units, whereas GVL, EAC, and 2‐MeTHF solvents exhibited high selectivity for the dissolution of lignin with S and G units. In addition to dissolution, the intramolecular β−O−4 linkage in lignin could be selectively cleaved in H2O–GBL cosolvent, whereas the β−O−4, α−O−4, and β−5 linkages were cleaved in H2O–EAC, H2O–THF, and H2O–2‐MeTHF cosolvents. At 300 °C, the breakage of the β−γ bond prior to β−O−4 in H2O–GBL, H2O–THF, H2O–EAC, and H2O–2‐MeTHF produced 4‐ethylphenol and 4‐ethylguaiacol selectively (accounting for ≈70 % of the total identified monophenols), whereas the α−1 bond was preferably broken in H2O–GVL to form guaiacol (accounting for ≈75 % of the total identified monophenols).
Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CO by Cobalt(II) Tripodal Complexes: Low Overpotentials, High Efficiency and Selectivity
Authors: Wang Jia‐Wei , Huang Hai‐Hua , Sun Jia‐Kai , Ouyang Ting , Zhong Di‐Chang , Lu Tong‐Bu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Tong‐Bu Lu at Sun Yat‐Sen University/Tianjin University of Technology. The Cover picture depicts a beautiful lady, an imaginary figure of a forest fairy, praying with an Earth‐like crystal ball that is filled with cobalt complexes, aiming to realize the transformation of atmospheric CO2 to CO The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201702280.
A Simple and Effective Method for Flow Cytometric Study of Lymphoid Malignancies Using Needle Core Biopsy Specimens
Authors: Chi Pei‐Dong , Freed Natalie S. , Wake Laura , Page Cynthia , Smith Lynette M. , Amador Catalina , Qureishi Hina Naushad , Greiner Timothy C. , Rodig Scott J. , Pirruccello Samuel J. , Yuan Ji , Fu Kai 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesWe developed a simple and effective rinsing technique (RT) of needle biopsies to produce cell suspensions for flow cytometry (FCM) and evaluated whether the RT is comparable to the conventional tissue cell suspension (TCS) technique.MethodsWe retrieved 93 needle core biopsy cases employing the RT for FCM and 25 needle biopsy cases using TCS for FCM.ResultsThe diagnostic concordance between the FCM results and the morphologic diagnoses of both groups was compared. The diagnostic concordance was comparable in the RT group (92.6%) to the TCS group (71.4%). Furthermore, the diagnostic concordance in the RT group was associated with number of isolated cells. The diagnostic accuracy increased significantly when the cell number was above 30,000 in the RT group.ConclusionsThe RT for FCM not only maximizes the tissue utilization, but also is a simple and effective method to obtain cell suspension as compared to traditional cell suspension technique. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Fine needle aspiration cytology of the normal kidney: A cyto‐histological and immunocytochemical correlation study
Authors: Jiménez‐Heffernan José A. , Muñoz‐Hernández Patricia , Canca Velasco Alberto , Freih Fraih Alwalid , Cuesta Julián , González‐Peramato Pilar , Olivier‐García Carlos , Vicandi Blanca 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundDifferentiation between normal renal cellular structures and renal tumors can be a diagnostic challenge during fine needle aspiration. It is of particular relevance during percutaneous thermal ablation because of the small size of tumors and when performing rapid on‐site evaluation.MethodsA cyto‐histological correlation study assisted by immunocytochemistry was performed. The study was based on 10 nephrectomy specimens. For the identification of proximal tubular cells we used CD10 and α‐methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR). PAX8 and GATA3 were used for the recognition of distal and collecting duct cells. For a precise correlation representative cytologic groups were photographed before and after immunocytochemistry.ResultsAll cases showed: (a) glomeruli; (b) presence of at least 2 different epithelial cell populations that distribute separately, one representing the proximal tubule and the other more distal segments; and (c) existence of isolated, laminar basement fragments and slender, intact tubular structures. Proximal tubular cells were large with granular cytoplasm, indistinct cell borders, moderate anisonucleosis, and variable presence of pigment. Their immunophenotype was CD10+, AMACR+, PAX8–, and GATA3–. In all cases, cellular aggregates different of nonproximal tubular cells were present. They were smaller than proximal tubular cells with less cytoplasm, better‐defined cell borders and uniform nuclei. Their immunophenotype was CD10–, AMACR–, PAX8+, and GATA3+ConclusionAspirates from the normal kidney show characteristic features that permit a specific recognition. Different segments of the tubular system can be specifically recognized avoiding confusion with renal tumors. In difficult cases immunocytochemistry is a very helpful aid.
Detectability of fentanyl and designer fentanyls in urine by 3 commercial fentanyl immunoassays
Authors: Helander Anders , Stojanovic Katarina , Villén Tomas , Beck Olof 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn recent times, structural variants of fentanyl (designer fentanyls) have appeared on the recreational drug market for new psychoactive substances (NPS). These potent opioids have caused harmful intoxications and increased opioid‐related mortality in many countries. This work evaluated 3 commercial immunoassays for fentanyl screening in urine and investigated whether they are useful also for screening of designer fentanyls. The assays examined were the Thermo DRI® Fentanyl Enzyme Immunoassay, the ARK™ Fentanyl Assay homogeneous enzyme immunoassay, and the Immunalysis® Fentanyl Urine SEFRIA™ Drug Screening Kit. A liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry method was used as reference. The DRI fentanyl immunoassay generated somewhat higher assay imprecision values (%CV) compared with the ARK™ and SEFRIA™ assays, but all assays showed %CV values acceptable for routine use. The 3 assays showed overall good detectability (33%–95% cross‐reactivity) for blank urine samples spiked with acetylfentanyl, acrylfentanyl, butyrfentanyl, 4‐chloroisobutyrfentanyl, 4‐fluorobutyrfentanyl, 4‐fluorofentanyl, 4‐fluoroisobutyrfentnyl, isobutyrfentanyl, methoxyacetylfentanyl, or tetrahydrofuranfentanyl, whereas 4‐methoxybutyrfentanyl (all assays) and 2‐fluorofentanyl (DRI assay) showed low cross‐reactivity. A good detectability of designer fentanyls was confirmed in urine samples from authentic acute intoxications. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that the urinary fentanyl immunoassays are generally useful also for preliminary screening of fentanyl analogs sold as NPS. When the SEFRIA™ assay was applied for testing of 980 urine samples from patients treated for drug dependence in Sweden, only 1 sample was confirmed positive for fentanyl.
Validation of the exercise and eating disorder questionnaire in males with and without eating disorders
Authors: Danielsen Marit , Bjørnelv Sigrid , Bratberg Grete Helen , Rø Øyvind 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe need to consider gender when studying exercise in eating disorder (ED) has been underscored. The study aimed to test the psychometric properties and factor structure of the exercise and eating disorder (EED) questionnaire for males with and without ED, to highlight gender differences, and to explore issues relevant for a male version of the EED questionnaire.MethodThis cross sectional study included 258 male participants: 55 ED patients (inpatients and outpatients) and 203 student controls. The patient group consisted of 54.5% (n = 30) with AN, 18.2% (n = 10) with BN, 27.2% (n = 15) with unspecified ED. The ED sample was treated as transdiagnostic in all analyses. t Tests, chi‐square test, correlations analyses, and a principal component analysis were conducted.ResultsThe analyses confirmed that the EED questionnaire had adequate psychometric properties, and a four‐factor solution: (a) compulsive exercise, (b) positive and healthy exercise, (c) awareness of bodily signals, and (d) weight and shape exercise. The questionnaire discriminated significantly (p < .01– < .001) between patients and controls on the global score, subscales, and 16 out of 18 individual items. Convergent validity was demonstrated by high correlations between the EED questionnaire and the eating disorder examination questionnaire (r = .65).DiscussionThe results indicated that the EED questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for males. It is a clinically derived, self‐report questionnaire to assess compulsive exercise among ED patients, regarding attitudes and thoughts toward compulsive exercise and identification of treatment targets and priorities
Livelihood changes matter for the sustainability of ecological restoration: A case analysis of the Grain for Green Program in China's largest Giant Panda Reserve
Authors: Xu Jianying , Wang Qing , Kong Ming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPayments for ecosystem services (PES) are expected to promote ecological restoration while simultaneously improving human livelihoods. As an adaptive management tool, PES programs should be dynamic and adjusted according to changing natural and socio‐economic contexts. Taking the implementation of China's famous ecological restoration policy known as the Grain for Green Program (GGP) in the Wolong National Nature Reserve as an example, we analyzed changes in the livelihood capitals and strategies of local households that had participated in the GGP over a 10‐year period and discussed the implications of these changes for the next stage of the program's implementation. Data were collected from a locally implemented questionnaire in both 2004 and 2015. We found that local livelihood capitals and strategies had experienced dramatic change over the 10‐year period. Natural capital decreased and was unequally distributed among local respondents. In terms of financial capital, despite that agricultural and nonagricultural income increased, compensation from the GGP decreased and did not keep pace with increasing cost of cropland, household income and more broadly national economic development and inflation. Regarding human capital, the local labor force is facing huge transformational pressures. In particular, there is a increase in the supply of local labor force aged between 21 and 40 and the implications of this for the future of the GGP should be given more attention. The findings have demonstrated that: Some changes in participants’ livelihood were expected by the GGP but were not evenly distributed among the participants; and PES programs are embedded in changing and multi‐dimensional socio‐economic contexts, and so their design and implementation must be coordinated with other related policies if they are to achieve long‐term success.
Riparian plant biodiversity reduces stream channel migration rates in three rivers in Michigan, U.S.A.
Authors: Allen Daniel C. , Wynn‐Thompson Theresa M. , Kopp Darin A. , Cardinale Bradley J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent work has shown that the biodiversity of organisms can influence geophysical processes such as the transport of streambed sediments and the erosion of soils. Yet most of this work has been conducted in small‐scale fluvial system mimics, demonstrating a clear need to investigate the relationship between biodiversity and erosion in natural systems. We conducted an observational field study across 3 rivers in forested watersheds in northern Michigan, U.S.A., quantifying streambank retreat rates using aerial photos and measuring riparian plant community biodiversity and abundance. We hypothesized that more diverse riparian plant communities would produce greater woody plant stem density and basal area, which in turn would reduce erosion rates of streambanks due to increased root production. We used structural equation modelling to compare causal networks using plant biodiversity metrics to predict streambank migration rate indirectly through effects on plant abundance, as well as models that used migration rate to predict plant abundance indirectly through effects on plant biodiversity. Although structural equation models explained both causal pathways successfully, models using biodiversity to predict migration rate were a better fit to data than models that used migration rate to predict plant biodiversity and abundance. The best performing models suggested plant biodiversity was indirectly negatively correlated with erosion rate (average standardized path coefficient = −0.22), after accounting for environmental differences between sites. This work adds to a growing body of evidence indicating that biodiversity can modify geophysical processes, demonstrating the need to explicitly account for biological variation when considering ecogeomorphic feedbacks.
Left ventricular myxoma with Carney complex
Authors: Kuyama Naoto , Hamatani Yasuhiro , Fukushima Satsuki , Ikeda Yoshihiko , Nakai Eri , Okada Atsushi , Takahama Hiroyuki , Amaki Makoto , Hasegawa Takuya , Sugano Yasuo , Kanzaki Hideaki , Fujita Tomoyuki , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Yasuda Satoshi , Anzai Toshihisa , Kobayashi Junjiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe left ventricle is a less frequent location of cardiac myxomas overall. Meanwhile, cardiac myxomas related to Carney complex (CNC), which is a multiple neoplasia syndrome involving cardiac, endocrine, neural, and cutaneous tumours, more frequently occur in the left ventricle compared with sporadic cardiac myxomas. Herein, we report a case of a 20‐year‐old woman with CNC who underwent complete surgical excision of a large and mobile left ventricular myxoma. In our case, echocardiography performed 4 years earlier was normal. This case highlights the importance of annual follow‐up by echocardiography in patients with CNC, because early diagnosis of cardiac myxomas might improve their prognosis. Besides, we should bear in mind the possibility of CNC if the patients have cardiac myxoma in a cardiac chamber other than the left atrium at a younger age.
Colonization‐induced protection against invasive pneumococcal disease in mice is independent of CD103 driven adaptive immune responses
Authors: Dommaschk Anne , Lang Lara F. , Maus Regina , Stolper Jennifer , Welte Tobias , Maus Ulrich A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is known to mount protective adaptive immune responses in rodents and humans. However, the cellular response of the nasopharyngeal compartment to pneumococcal colonization and its importance for the ensuing adaptive immune response is only partially defined. Here we show that nasopharyngeal colonization with S. pneumoniae triggered substantial expansion of both integrin αE (CD103) positive dendritic cells (DC) and T lymphocytes in nasopharynx, nasal‐associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and cervical lymph nodes (CLN) of WT mice. However, nasopharyngeal de‐colonization and pneumococcus‐specific antibody responses were similar between WT and CD103 KO mice or Batf3 KO mice. Also, naïve WT mice passively immunized with antiserum from previously colonized WT and CD103 KO mice were similarly protected against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). In summary, the data show that CD103 is dispensable for pneumococcal colonization‐induced adaptive immune responses in mice.
Evidence for the improvement of fatigue in fibromyalgia: A 4‐week left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Fitzgibbon B.M. , Hoy K.E. , Knox L.A. , Guymer E.K. , Littlejohn G. , Elliot D. , Wambeek L.E. , McQueen S. , Elford K.A. , Lee S.J. , Enticott P.G. , Fitzgerald P.B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundFibromyalgia is a complex chronic disorder with few effective treatments currently available. One promising treatment option is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non‐invasive brain stimulation technique that has shown promise in disorders effecting the central nervous system.MethodsWe assessed the efficacy of a course of high‐frequency (10 Hz) left‐hemisphere dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) rTMS in 26 patients (14 active; 12 sham) with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Participants underwent a double‐blind stimulation protocol of daily (Monday–Friday) rTMS sessions over four consecutive weeks (total of 20 sessions; 75 × 4‐s 10 Hz trains at 120% resting motor threshold). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 4 weeks and at 1‐month follow‐up.ResultsUsing mixed‐model analysis we did not identify a group difference for our primary outcome measures. However, we found that patients in the active group compared to sham treatment group had significantly greater improvement in the Physical Fatigue (p = 0.045) and General Fatigue (p = 0.023) scales of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory‐20 at the 1 month follow‐up. In a responder analysis, we also found the active group was significantly more likely (2.84 times) to achieve a minimum 30% improvement in pain intensity ratings. (p = 0.024).ConclusionsHigh‐frequency rTMS applied daily for 4 weeks to the left DLPFC induces significant relief from fatigue and a greater chance of clinically meaningful improvement in pain intensity in patients with fibromyalgia. These results suggest DLPFC rTMS may be a relevant therapy for fibromyalgia.SignificanceThis study provides evidence that 4‐weeks of daily rTMS to the left DLPFC is able to improve fatigue in fibromyalgia. This novel finding provides impetus for the further investigation of the utility of TMS approaches for the relief of fatigue, an otherwise difficult‐to‐treat symptom, in fibromyalgia and related disorders.
Voltammetric Determination of Serine Using L‐Cysteine Modified Platinum Electrode and Brief Exploration from the Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Xue Bingchun , Fu Yan , Li Jing , Liu Erbao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA new method for the detection of serine was described using L‐cysteine chemically modified electrode, which was prepared by cyclic voltammetry. The factors, such as pH, scan rate, and soaking time for the experimental process were discussed. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range for serine concentration was 3×10−7∼8×10−5 mol L−1, the detection limit was 2.34×10−7 mol L−1 (S/N=3), and the relative standard deviation was 2.14 % (n=10) for 3×10−7 mol L−1 serine solution. The method was applied to the detection of serine in apple cider vinegar sample with a recovery of 97.5 %–101.9 %. To further discuss the change of the property of platinum surface on atomic level, theoretical calculations were carried out. The change of adsorption energy indicated that the possible interaction of Pt and cysteine was O−C−O bridge adsorption. The analysis about the density of states (DOS) of the system and pseudo band gap showed an increase in the Pt surface activity.
Amperometric Determination of Catecholamines by Enzymatic Biosensors in Flow Systems
Authors: Josypčuk Oksana , Barek Jiří , Josypčuk Bohdan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFour various biosensors based on flow enzymatic mini‐reactors containing one of the two different mesoporous silica powders (SBA‐15 or MCM‐41) modified by one of the two enzymes (laccase or tyrosinase) were used for the determination of L‐DOPA, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Dependences of peak currents on detection potentials, flow rates, injected volumes, reactor volumes, and analyte concentrations were studied and optimized. The silica powder of MCM‐41 with covalently bonded laccase (Lac) was found to be the best filling for the detection of catecholamines. Relative current response of such biosensor was: 100 % for dopamine, 32.1 % for L‐DOPA, 26.2 % for noradrenaline, and 0.71 % for adrenaline. Statistical evaluation of parallel determinations of studied analytes with this biosensor proved its good accuracy (RSD=1.82–5.18 %) and sensitivity (5.46–15.5 μmol L−1). Life time of the studied biosensors is several months. The practical applicability of Lac‐MCM41 biosensor was successfully verified by the determination of dopamine and noradrenaline in medical solutions for infusions.
Complex investigation of extraction techniques applied for cyclitols and sugars isolation from different species of Solidago genus
Authors: Ratiu Ileana‐Andreea , Al‐Suod Hossam , Ligor Magdalena , Ligor Tomasz , Railean‐Plugaru Viorica , Buszewski Bogusław 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCyclitols are phytochemicals naturally occurring in plant material, which attracted an increasing interest due to multiple medicinal attributes, among which the most important are the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Due to their valuable properties, sugars are used in the food industry as sweeteners, preservatives, texture modifiers, fermentation substrates, and flavoring and coloring agents. In this study, we report for the first time the quantitative analysis of sugars and cyclitols isolated from Solidago virgaurea L., which was used for the selection of the optimal solvent and extraction technique that can provide the best possible yield. Moreover, the quantities of sugars and cyclitols extracted from two other species, Solidago canadensis and Solidago gigantea, were investigated using the best extraction method and the most appropriate solvent. Comparative analysis of natural plant extracts obtained using five different techniques—maceration, Soxhlet extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction—was performed in order to decide the most suitable, efficient, and economically convenient extraction method. Three different solvents were used. Analysis of samples has been performed by solid‐phase extraction for purification and pre‐concentration, followed by derivation and GC‐MS analysis. Highest efficiency for the total amount of obtained compounds has been reached by PLE, when water was used as a solvent. d‐pinitol amount was almost similar for every solvent and for all the extraction techniques involved.