bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for survival following recurrence after first liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases
Authors: Serrano Pablo E. , Gu Chu‐Shu , Husien Mohamed , Jalink Diederick , Ritter Anne , Martel Guillaume , Tsang Melanie E. , Law Calvin H. , Hallet Julie , McAlister Vivian , Sela Nathalie , Solomon Hannah , Moulton Carol‐Anne , Gallinger Steven , Levine Mark 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundManagement of recurrence following liver resection for colorectal cancer metastases is a topic of debate. We determined risk factors for survival following recurrence after liver resection.MethodsLong‐term follow‐up of patients in the PETCAM trial who had recurrence following liver resection. Risk groups were created according to their survival risk. Differences in overall survival (OS) between groups were estimated. Disease‐free survival (DFS), patterns of disease recurrence and management were determined. Cox proportional hazard models, Kaplan‐Meier method, and the log‐rank test were used.ResultsAmong 368 patients who underwent liver resection, 264 (72%) experienced disease recurrence (51% lung and 41% liver). Following liver resection, DFS: 17 months (95% CI, 14‐19); OS: 57 months (95% CI, 46‐70). In those who recurred, 120 (45%) received chemotherapy only, and 112 (42%) underwent second surgical resection. Among patients who experienced recurrence (n = 264), the high‐risk group (more than one site of recurrence or disease‐free duration < 5 months and node‐positive disease) had median OS: 19 months (95% CI, 15‐23) vs 36 months (95% CI, 30‐48) for patients in the low‐risk group (HR = 2.9, 95% CI, 2.2‐3.9).ConclusionRecurrence following liver resection is common. Following recurrence after liver resection, patients should be carefully selected for surgical re‐resection based on risk factors.
Determining the effect of land consolidation on agricultural production using a novel assessment framework
Authors: Hong Changqiao , Jin Xiaobin , Fan Yeting , Xiang Xiaomin , Cao Shuai , Chen Changchun , Zheng Guang , Zhou Yinkang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLand consolidation (LC) is regarded as a useful tool to improve agricultural production. Measuring the effect of LC on agricultural production (ELCAP) is helpful for the planning of LC activities. In the past, it is difficult to measure ELCAP at regional level due to the lack of field observation, the change of crop planting structure, and high cost of sample collection. Satellite data have large coverage and high spatiotemporal resolution for vegetation observation, which can provide a new idea for estimating ELCAP at regional level. This study aims to build a novel assessment framework to quantitatively investigate ELCAP by developing several satellite‐based metrics. In addition, this study also explored the characteristics of ELCAP using the method of spatial autocorrelation and the geographical detector method in 1,281 LC areas in China. Our results show that agricultural productivity in more than 90% of total LC areas shows an increasing trend during 2001–2016. LC could play the positive but limited effects on agricultural production, and its productivity‐boosting effect (64.87% of total LC areas) is greater than its stability‐improving effect (46.53% of total LC areas). The spatial agglomeration of ELCAP is weak (Moran's I < 0.06), which may be resulted from the differences in field conditions and natural‐social–economic situations across LC areas. The interaction between several factors has a greater effect on the ELCAP than each of these factors. Methodology in this study provides a new and useful framework for evaluating ELCAP, and results can be used to guide the planning of LC activities.
Global sensitivity analysis of skeletal muscle dMRI metrics: Effects of microstructural and pulse parameters
Authors: Naughton Noel M. , Georgiadis John G. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeEstimating microstructural parameters of skeletal muscle from diffusion MRI (dMRI) signal requires understanding the relative importance of both microstructural and dMRI sequence parameters on the signal. This study seeks to determine the sensitivity of dMRI signal to variations in microstructural and dMRI sequence parameters, as well as assess the effect of noise on sensitivity.MethodsUsing a cylindrical myocyte model of skeletal muscle, numerical solutions of the Bloch‐Torrey equation were used to calculate global sensitivity indices of dMRI metrics (FA, RD, MD, , , ) for wide ranges of microstructural and dMRI sequence parameters. The microstructural parameters were: myocyte diameter, volume fraction, membrane permeability, intra‐ and extracellular diffusion coefficients, and intra‐ and extracellular times. Two separate pulse sequences were examined, a PGSE and a generalized diffusion‐weighted sequence that accommodates a larger range of diffusion times. The effect of noise and signal averaging on the sensitivity of the dMRI metrics was examined by adding synthetic noise to the simulated signal.ResultsAmong the examined parameters, the intracellular diffusion coefficient has the strongest effect, and myocyte diameter is more influential than permeability for FA and RD. The sensitivity indices do not vary significantly between the two pulse sequences. Also, noise strongly affects the sensitivity of the dMRI signal to microstructural variations.ConclusionsWith the identification of key microstructural features that affect dMRI measurements, the reported sensitivity results can help interpret dMRI measurements of skeletal muscle in terms of the underlying microstructure and further develop parsimonious dMRI models of skeletal muscle.
Sural nerve sensory response in diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy
Authors: Lai Yun‐Ru , Huang Chih‐Cheng , Chiu Wen‐Chan , Liu Rue‐Tsuan , Tsai Nai‐Wen , Wang Hung‐Chen , Lin Wei‐Che , Cheng Ben‐Chung , Su Yu‐Jih , Su Chih‐Min , Hsiao Sheng‐Yuan , Chang Hsueh‐Wen , Chen Jung‐Fu , Ko Jih‐Yang , Lu Cheng‐Hsien 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude is a measure of the number of axons. We tested the hypothesis that sural SNAP amplitude can be used as a marker in screening, severity evaluation, and follow‐up of diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN).MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes underwent nerve conduction studies and were followed for 6 years. Composite amplitude scores (CASs) were determined to evaluate DSPN severity.ResultsSural SNAP amplitudes were negatively correlated with CAS (r = −.790, P < .0001), and changes in sural SNAP amplitudes were negatively correlated with those of CAS after controlling for follow‐up duration (r = −.531, P = .028).DiscussionWhen a patient's baseline sural SNAP amplitude is above zero, it can be used as one measure of DSPN in screening, severity evaluation, and follow‐up. However, if the patient's sural SNAP value is zero, CAS can be used as a follow‐up measure.
Towards Space‐Time Boundary Element Methods for Retarded Potential Integral Equations
Authors: Pölz Dominik , Schanz Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA space‐time discretization scheme for time domain boundary integral equations of the 3d wave equation, so‐called retarded potential boundary integral equations, is proposed. The principal idea of this approach is to treat time like an additional spatial coordinate. This leads to discretization methods in 3+1 dimensions based on simplex meshes of the lateral boundary of the space‐time cylinder. We discuss an explicit representation of the integral operators of the wave equation appropriate for the space‐time setting. A robust and accurate quadrature scheme for the numerical evaluation of the occurring integrals is presented and verified by means of numerical experiments.
Steady state dynamics of pre‐stressed, piezoelectrically excited circular plates – a harmonic balance approach
Authors: Toth Florian , Kaltenbacher Manfred 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study the dynamics of radially symmetric circular multi‐layer plates. Geometric non‐linearity is taken into account through the Föppel‐von Karman strain‐displacement relationship. Employing the harmonic balance method we obtain a boundary value problem, which is numerically solved to obtain the non‐linear normal modes of the system.
Asparaginase formulation impacts hypertriglyceridemia during therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Finch Emily R. , Smith Colton A. , Yang Wenjian , Liu Yiwei , Kornegay Nancy M. , Panetta John C. , Crews Kristine R. , Molinelli Alejandro R. , Cheng Cheng , Pei Deqing , Ramsey Laura B. , Karol Seth E. , Inaba Hiroto , Sandlund John T. , Metzger Monika , Evans William E. , Jeha Sima , Pui Ching‐Hon , Relling Mary V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlucocorticoids and asparaginase, used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), can cause hypertriglyceridemia. We compared triglyceride levels, risk factors, and associated toxicities in two ALL trials at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital with identical glucocorticoid regimens, but different asparaginase formulations. In Total XV (TXV), native Escherichia coli l‐asparaginase was front‐line therapy versus the pegylated formulation (PEG‐asparaginase) in Total XVI (TXVI).ProcedurePatients enrolled on TXV (n = 498) and TXVI (n = 598) were assigned to low‐risk (LR) or standard/high‐risk (SHR) treatment arms (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00137111 and NCT00549848). Triglycerides were measured four times and were evaluable in 925 patients (TXV: n = 362; TXVI: n = 563). The genetic contribution was assessed using a triglyceride polygenic risk score (triglyceride‐PRS). Osteonecrosis, thrombosis, and pancreatitis were prospectively graded.ResultsThe largest increase in triglycerides occurred in TXVI SHR patients treated with dexamethasone and PEG‐asparaginase (4.5‐fold increase; P <1 × 10−15). SHR patients treated with PEG‐asparaginase (TXVI) had more severe hypertriglyceridemia (>1000 mg/dL) compared to native l‐asparaginase (TXV): 10.5% versus 5.5%, respectively (P = .007). At week 7, triglycerides did not increase with dexamethasone treatment alone (LR patients) but did increase with dexamethasone plus asparaginase (SHR patients). The variability in triglycerides explained by the triglyceride‐PRS was highest at baseline and declined with therapy. Hypertriglyceridemia was associated with osteonecrosis (P = .0006) and thrombosis (P = .005), but not pancreatitis (P = .4).ConclusionTriglycerides were affected more by PEG‐asparaginase than native l‐asparaginase, by asparaginase more than dexamethasone, and by drug effects more than genetics. It is not clear whether triglycerides contribute to thrombosis and osteonecrosis or are biomarkers of the toxicities.
Perspective: present pesticide discovery paradigms promote the evolution of resistance – learn from nature and prioritize multi‐target site inhibitor design
Authors: Gressel Jonathan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor many years, the emphasis of industry discovery programs has been on finding new target sites of pesticides and finding pesticides that inhibit single targets. There had been an emphasis on genomics in finding single targets for potential pesticides. There is also the claim that registration of single target inhibiting pesticides is simpler if the mode of action is known. Conversely, if one looks at the evolution of resistance from an epidemiological perspective to ascertain which pesticides have been the most recalcitrant to evolutionary forces, it is those that have multiple target sites of action. Non‐target‐site resistances can evolve to multi‐target‐site inhibitors, but these resistances can often be overcome by structural modification of the pesticide. Industry has looked at pest‐toxic natural products as pesticide leads, but seems to have abandoned those where they can find no single target of action. Perhaps nature has been intelligent and evolved many natural products that are synergistic multi‐target‐site inhibitors, and that is why natural compounds have been active for millennia? We should be learning from nature while combining new chemistry technologies with vast accrued databases and computer aided design allowing fragment‐based discovery and scaffold hopping to produce multi‐target site inhibitors instead of single target pesticides. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Resistance to clethodim in Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) from Mississippi and North Carolina
Authors: Nandula Vijay K , Giacomini Darci A , Lawrence Benjamin H , Molin William T , Bond Jason A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDClethodim, an acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicide, is one of the few postemergence chemical control options available to growers of Mississippi to manage glyphosate and/or other herbicide resistant Italian ryegrass populations. Recently, clethodim failed to adequately control Italian ryegrass populations across Mississippi. A sethoxydim, also an ACCase inhibitor, ‐resistant Italian ryegrass population from North Carolina was cross‐resistant to clethodim. This research characterized the magnitude and mechanisms of clethodim resistance in the Mississippi and North Carolina Italian ryegrass populations via whole‐plant herbicide dose response, cross resistance, and metabolism studies, and molecular analysis.RESULTSTwo clethodim‐resistant biotypes from Mississippi, MS24 and MS37, were 10‐ and 4‐fold resistant, respectively, relative to a susceptible (SUS1) biotype. A North Carolina biotype, NC21, was 40‐fold resistant to clethodim compared to SUS1. Two additional biotypes from North Carolina, NC22 and NC 23, recorded shoot dry weight reduction of only 17–30% of nontreated at the highest clethodim dose of 2.17 kg ha−1, (8×). The NC22 biotype was cross‐resistant to sethoxydim, fluazifop, quizalofop, and pinoxaden. Metabolic inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide and 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan did not affect resistance of MS37, MS51, and NC22 biotypes to fenoxaprop, clethodim, or pinoxaden. The MS37 biotype had three target site mutations, I2041N, C2088R, and G2096A. Another clethodim‐resistant biotype from Mississippi, MS51, had only the C2088R substitution. The NC22 and NC23 biotypes had I1781L, I2041N, and D2078G replacements.CONCLUSIONThis study shows that the mechanism of resistance to clethodim in Italian ryegrass from Mississippi and North Carolina is due to target site modifications in the ACCase gene leading to broad cross‐resistance to other ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Impact of model resolution on the representation of the wind speed field: An example from the United Kingdom
Authors: De Benedetti Marc , Moore G. W. K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe United Kingdom (UK) is experiencing rapid growth in wind farm development, primarily in the south as well as in offshore regions. As such, reliable long‐term wind statistics are integral in planning future development. Given the scarcity of in situ data, atmospheric reanalyses are beginning to be used for this purpose. However, most reanalyses have resolutions of ∼50 km or lower – scales too coarse to capture many topographic and coastal effects. To address this, dynamical downscaling has been used to obtain higher‐resolution data. However, it is unclear how the downscaling process impacts the temporal and spatial representation of the wind field. Here a set of reanalysis and analysis datasets with a common lineage and with horizontal resolutions ranging from ∼75 to ∼9 km are used to investigate the impact of model resolution on the representation of the spatial and temporal variability in the wind field in the UK. To assess this impact, the decorrelation length and temporal scale – DCLS and DCTS, respectively – are used to characterize spatial and temporal variability. The results can be classified into two categories – resolution‐dependent and resolution‐independent features. Resolution‐dependent results suggest that even resolutions of ∼30 km do not capture the wind field's variability, especially in coastal and mountainous regions. However, resolution‐independent results suggest that there are regions, such as central Ireland, over the oceans, and southeastern England, where the 30 km resolution captures the wind fields' variability. Results also support the historic choice of wind farm development in the UK, namely, the southern/southwestern tip of England as well as off the southern shore.
Building Blocks for Quantum Network Based on Group‐IV Split‐Vacancy Centers in Diamond
Authors: Chen Disheng , Zheludev Nikolay , Gao Wei‐bo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOne ultimate goal of quantum information processing is to construct a quantum network for direct sharing of quantum information between distant parties based on stationary qubits for information storage and flying qubits for information transmission. This requires long‐lived quantum memories, efficient light–matter interface, and deterministic quantum gate operations. Among matter qubits, the electron spin of nitrogen vacancy center in diamond is an appealing option for its long coherence time at room temperature, deterministic microwave control, and optical preparation and readout of the qubit. However, its poor optical properties, including weak zero‐phonon‐line emission and large spectral diffusion, limit its potential for large‐scale deployment in quantum nodes. This has motivated the investigation for alternative quantum emitters that combine long‐time memory and coherent optical properties together. The emerging group‐IV split‐vacancy color centers in diamond, such as silicon‐vacancy, germanium‐vacancy, tin‐vacancy, and lead‐vacancy centers, are promising candidates of this ongoing exploration. These quantum emitters simultaneously possess microsecond spin coherence time and optically bright transitions with narrow linewidths. This review reports recent efforts on extending the spin coherence time of these color centers via temperature, strain, and charge control, which paves the road towards constructing solid‐based matter–photon interface for quantum network applications.
Game Face expressions and performance on competitive tasks
Authors: Richesin Matthew T. , Oliver Michael D. , Baldwin Debora R. , Wicks Lahai A.M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFacial expressions influence both affective and cardiovascular responses to stress. However, previous research focuses primarily on positive expressions and is limited regarding additional facial expressions utilized on a day‐to‐day basis. This study examined an expression that is colloquially called a “Game Face”: which refers to a serious, focused or determined facial expression. The current study examined whether Game Face expressions would influence psychophysiological response (e.g., heart rate and skin conductance) and performance. In an investigation of physical performance (Study 1), participants (N = 62) were asked to complete the cold‐pressor task. Study 2 tested cognitive performance utilizing a puzzle task. Participants (N = 62) were divided into two groups and were asked to complete a puzzle. In both studies, one group was asked to make a Game Face, and the other was given no instruction related to facial expression. Results show no significant differences in performance on the physical task. In terms of cognitive performance, results reveal significantly better performance in the Game Face group. Additionally, assessments of skin conductance show that participants, who employed the Game Face during the cognitive task, displayed significant decreases from baseline following the puzzle manipulation. These results are promising regarding performance on a cognitive task and sympathetic nervous system activation, in concert with making a Game Face.
Optoacoustic imaging in gastroenterology
Authors: Klett Daniel M. , Waldner Maximilian J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImaging modalities are crucial for diagnosis and monitoring of various gastroenterological diseases. To overcome limitations in established imaging methods, to improve outcome and reduce invasive procedures alternate modalities are needed. Optoacoustic imaging (OAI), an emerging method in both preclinical and translational settings, offers possible solutions to currently existing limitations. By enhancing tissue contrast and visualization of chromophoric molecules, OAI can provide detailed information about tumour architecture, perfusion and inflammation—an urgently needed ability in gastroenterology. Whilst some gastroenterological applications like noninvasive monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease were already successfully translated into clinical settings, others still await their verification in human studies. With ongoing development of the technique, more translational applications can be expected to follow. This review is focused on summarizing previous and current preclinical and translational applications of OAI in gastroenterology, their benefits compared to established methods as well as limitations and possible future implementations of the technique in gastroenterological settings.
Correlations between microsatellite instability and the biological behaviour of tumours
Authors: Yang Guang , Zheng Ru-yi , Jin Zai-shun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Microsatellites are widely distributed repetitive DNA motifs, accounting for approximately 3% of the genome. Due to mismatch repair system deficiency, insertion or deletion of repetitive units often occurs, leading to microsatellite instability. In this review, we aimed to explore the relationship between MSI and biological behaviour of colorectal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, lymphoma/leukaemia and endometrial carcinoma, as well as the application of frameshift peptide vaccines in cancer therapy.

Methods
The relevant literature from PubMed and Baidu Xueshu were reviewed in this article. The ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for clinical trials related to the specific topic.

Results
Microsatellite instability is divided into three subtypes: high-level, low-level microsatellite instability, and stable microsatellites. The majority of tumour patients with high-level microsatellite instability often show a better efficacy and prognosis than those with low-level microsatellite instability or stable microsatellites. In coding regions, especially for genes involved in tumourigenesis, microsatellite instability often results in inactivation of proteins and contributes to tumourigenesis. Moreover, the occurrence of microsatellite instability in coding regions can also cause the generation of frameshift peptides that are thought to be unknown and novel to the individual immune system. Thus, these frameshift peptides have the potential to be biomarkers to raise tumour-specific immune responses.

Conclusion
MSI has the potential to become a key predictor for evaluating the degree of malignancy, efficacy and prognosis of tumours. Clinically, MSI patterns will provide more valuable information for clinicians to create optimal individualized treatment strategies based on frameshift peptides vaccines.