bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin glycation index among adults with type 1 diabetes: Association with double diabetes features
Authors: Ji Xiao-Lin , Yin Min , Deng Chao , Fan Li , Xie Yu-Ting , Huang Fan-Su , Chen Yan , Li Xia 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) represents the discrepancy between the glucose management indicator (GMI) based on mean blood glucose levels and laboratory values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The HGI is a promising indicator for identifying individuals with excessive glycosylation, facilitating personalized evaluation and prediction of diabetic complications. However, the factors influencing the HGI in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) remain unclear. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells is central in T1D pathogenesis, yet insulin resistance can also be a feature of patients with T1D and their coexistence is called “double diabetes” (DD). However, knowledge regarding the relationship between DD features and the HGI in T1D is limited.
AIM
To assess the association between the HGI and DD features in adults with T1D.
METHODS
A total of 83 patients with T1D were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Laboratory HbA1c and GMI from continuous glucose monitoring data were collected to calculate the HGI. DD features included a family history of type 2 diabetes, overweight/obesity/central adiposity, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, an abnormal percentage of body fat (PBF) and/or visceral fat area (VFA) and decreased estimated insulin sensitivity. Skin autofluorescence of advanced glycation end products (SAF-AGEs), diabetic complications, and DD features were assessed, and their association with the HGI was analyzed.
RESULTS
A discrepancy was observed between HbA1c and GMI among patients with T1D and DD. A higher HGI was associated with an increased number of SAF-AGEs and a higher prevalence of diabetic microangiopathy (P = 0.030), particularly retinopathy (P = 0.031). Patients with three or more DD features exhibited an eight-fold increased risk of having a high HGI, compared with those without DD features (adjusted odds ratio = 8.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.52-43.47). Specifically, an elevated PBF and/or VFA and decreased estimated insulin sensitivity were associated with high HGI. Regression analysis identified estimated insulin sensitivity and VFA as factors independently associated with HGI.
CONCLUSION
In patients with T1D, DD features are associated with a higher HGI, which represents a trend toward excessive glycosylation and is associated with a higher prevalence of chronic diabetic complications.
Reasons for discontinuing tirzepatide in randomized controlled trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kamrul-Hasan Abul Bashar Mohammad , Pappachan Joseph M , Dutta Deep , Nagendra Lakshmi , Kuchay Mohammad Shafi , Kapoor Nitin 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Despite therapeutic benefits, discontinuation of tirzepatide is common in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) due to adverse events (AEs) and other causes. No previous systematic reviews have explored the reasons for discontinuing tirzepatide in the RCTs.
AIM
To explore the reasons for permanent discontinuation of tirzepatide vs controls [placebo, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ras)] in RCTs.
METHODS
Relevant RCTs were systematically searched using related terms through multiple databases such as MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Central Register, and ClinicalTrials.gov from their inception until June 20, 2024. RevMan web was used to conduct meta-analysis using random-effects models. Outcomes were presented as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
Seventeen RCTs (n = 14645), mostly having low risks of bias, were analyzed. Compared to placebo, the risk of permanent discontinuation of the study drug was substantially lower with tirzepatide 10 mg (RR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.51-0.93, P = 0.02) and similar with tirzepatide 5 mg (RR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.47-1.17, P = 0.20) and 15 mg (RR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.68-1.31, P = 0.71). Tirzepatide had identical discontinuation risks when compared to insulin at 5 mg (RR: 0.96, 95%CI: 0.75-1.24, P = 0.77) and 10 mg (RR: 1.19, 95%CI: 0.77-1.82, P = 0.44) doses, whereas such risk was higher with tirzepatide 15 mg than insulin (RR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.03-1.67, P = 0.03). Compared to GLP-1RA, the permanent discontinuation risk was similar with tirzepatide 5 mg (RR: 0.98, 95%CI: 0.70-1.37, P = 0.90) but was higher with tirzepatide 10 mg (RR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.03-1.90, P = 0.03) and 15 mg (RR: 1.70, 95%CI: 1.27-2.27, P = 0.0004). Tirzepatide, at all doses, had higher risks of AE-related discontinuation than insulin; such risks were only greater with higher doses of tirzepatide than with placebo or GLP-1RA. Discontinuation risk due to withdrawal by the study subjects was lower with tirzepatide than with placebo or insulin. Compared to the placebo, tirzepatide (all doses) conferred a lower risk of study drug discontinuation due to other causes not specifically mentioned.
CONCLUSION
The discontinuation risk is not higher in tirzepatide group than in the placebo arm. Many factors other than AEs led to drug discontinuation in the included RCTs.
Increased blood urea nitrogen levels and compromised peripheral nerve function in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Rui , Xu Yu-Xian , Xu Feng , Wang Chun-Hua , Zhao Li-Hua , Wang Li-Hua , Chen Wei-Guan , Wang Xue-Qin , Duan Cheng-Wei , Su Jian-Bin 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels have been demonstrated to be associated with broader metabolic disturbances and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), potentially playing a role in the development of diabetic complications, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
AIM
To examine the relationship between BUN levels and peripheral nerve function in patients with T2D.
METHODS
This observational study involved the systematic recruitment of 585 patients with T2D for whom BUN levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate were measured. Electromyography was used to assess peripheral motor and sensory nerve function in all patients, and overall composite Z -scores were subsequently calculated for nerve latency, amplitude, and conduction velocity (NCV) across the median, ulnar, common peroneal, posterior tibial, superficial peroneal, and sural nerves.
RESULTS
Across the quartiles of BUN levels, the overall composite Z -score for latency (F = 38.996, P for trend < 0.001) showed a significant increasing trend, whereas the overall composite Z -scores for amplitude (F = 50.972, P for trend < 0.001) and NCV (F = 30.636, P for trend < 0.001) exhibited a significant decreasing trend. Moreover, the BUN levels were closely correlated with the latency, amplitude, and NCV of each peripheral nerve. Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that elevated BUN levels were linked to a higher overall composite Z -score for latency (β = 0.166, t = 3.864, P < 0.001) and lower overall composite Z-scores for amplitude (β = -0.184, t = -4.577, P < 0.001) and NCV (β = -0.117, t = -2.787, P = 0.006) independent of the estimated glomerular filtration rate and other clinical covariates. Additionally, when the analysis was restricted to sensory or motor nerves, elevated BUN levels remained associated with sensory or motor peripheral nerve dysfunction.
CONCLUSION
Increased BUN levels were independently associated with compromised peripheral nerve function in patients with T2D.
Clinical utility of glycated albumin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol in the screening and prediction of diabetes: A multi-center study
Authors: Ku Kam-Ching , Zhong Junda , Song Erfei , Fong Carol Ho-Yi , Lam Karen Siu-Ling , Xu Aimin , Lee Chi-Ho , Cheung Chloe Yu-Yan 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Despite being the gold standard, the use of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) for diagnosing dysglycemia is imperfect. In particular, a low level of agreement between HbA1c and FPG in detecting prediabetes and diabetes has led to difficulties in clinical interpretation. Glycated albumin (GA) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) may potentially serve as biomarkers for the detection and prediction of diabetes, as well as glycemic monitoring.
AIM
To explore the diagnostic performance of GA and 1,5-AG for screening dysglycemia; assess whether they can be used for glycemic monitoring in Chinese morbidly-obese patients; and examine their predictive ability for incident diabetes in a Chinese community-based cohort.
METHODS
GA and 1,5-AG concentrations were measured in 462 morbidly-obese patients from the Obese Chinese Cohort (OCC). A sub-group of diabetes subjects (n = 24) was prospectively followed-up after bariatric surgery. Differences between baseline and post-surgery biomarker values were converted to percentage change from baseline to assess the response to glycemic control. Predictive ability of the biomarkers was assessed in 132 incident diabetes cases and 132 matched non-diabetes controls in the community-based Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study (CRISPS). A prediction model was developed and compared with clinical models based on conventional risk factors.
RESULTS
GA exhibited an excellent diagnostic value with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.919 (95%CI: 0.884-0.955) for identifying diabetes and a high agreement in the classification of diabetes with both FPG and HbA1c in the OCC. GA demonstrated the fastest response to glycemic control. In CRISPS, the ‘B3A’ prediction model, which consisted of body mass index (BMI) and 3 biomarkers (HbA1c, GA and 1,5-AG), achieved a comparable predictive value [AUC (95%CI): 0.793 (0.744-0.843)] to that of a clinical model comprising BMI, HbA1c, FPG and 2-hour glucose (2hG) [AUC (95%CI): 0.783 (0.733-0.834); DeLong P value = 0.736]. The ‘B3A’ was significantly superior to a clinical model including BMI, HbA1c, FPG and triglycerides [AUC (95%CI): 0.729 (0.673-0.784); DeLong P value = 0.027].
CONCLUSION
GA and 1,5-AG have the potential to act as robust biomarkers for the screening and risk prediction of diabetes. FPG and 2hG may be replaced by GA and 1,5-AG in future diabetes predictions.
Characteristic dysbiosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and hyperuricemia, and the effect of empagliflozin on gut microbiota
Authors: Deng Xin-Ru , Zhai Yu-Jia , Shi Xiao-Yang , Tang Sha-Sha , Fang Yuan-Yuan , Heng Hong-Yan , Zhao Ling-Yun , Yuan Hui-Juan 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Gut microbiota play a crucial role in metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hyperuricemia (HUA). One-third of uric acid is excreted into the intestinal tract and further metabolized by gut microbiota. Thus, the gut microbiota might be a new therapeutic target for HUA. Empagliflozin significantly lowers serum uric acid levels and contributes to cardiovascular benefits which are partly attributed to altered gut microbiota. We hypothesize that gut dysbiosis in patients with diabetes and HUA, and the reduction of uric acid by empagliflozin, may be mediated by gut microbiota.
AIM
To investigate dysbiosis in patients with T2DM and HUA, and the effect of empagliflozin on gut microbiota associated with purine metabolism.
METHODS
In this age and sex-matched, case-control study, we recruited 30 patients with T2DM and HUA; 30 with T2DM; and 30 healthy controls at the Henan Provincial People’s Hospital between February 2019 and August 2023. Nine patients with T2DM and HUA were treated with empagliflozin for three months. Gut microbiota profiles were assessed using the 16S rRNA gene.
RESULTS
Patients with T2DM and HUA had the highest total triglycerides (1.09 mmol/L in heathy control vs 1.56 mmol/L in T2DM vs 2.82 mmol/L in T2DM + HUA) and uric acid levels (302.50 μmol/L in heathy control vs 288.50 μmol/L in T2DM vs 466.50 μmol/L in T2DM + HUA) among the three groups. The composition of the gut microbiota differed significantly between patients with T2DM and HUA, and those with T2DM/healthy controls (P < 0.05). Notably, patients with T2DM and HUA demonstrated a deficiency of uric acid-degrading bacteria such as Romboutsia , Blautia , Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (P < 0.05). Empagliflozin treatment was associated with significantly reduced serum uric acid levels and purine metabolism-related pathways and genes in patients with T2DM and HUA (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Gut dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of HUA in T2DM, and empagliflozin may partly restore the gut microbiota related to uric acid metabolism.
MiR-29a-3p inhibits fibrosis of diabetic kidney disease in diabetic mice via downregulation of DNA methyl transferase 3A and 3B
Authors: Yang Ying , Chen Yi , Tang Jian-Ying , Chen Jian , Li Gui-Qing , Feng Bing , Mu Jiao 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
At present, the incidence of diabetic nephropathy is increasing year by year, and there are many studies on the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, but it is still not completely clear. The final pathological result of diabetic nephropathy is mainly glomerular cell fibrosis, and the roles of micro-RNA (miRNA)-29 and DNA methyl transferase (DNMTs) in cell fibrosis have been confirmed in other studies, but there is a lack of relevant research in the kidney at present.
AIM
To study the potential involvement of miRNA-29a-3p in fibrosis related to diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
METHODS
The expression of miR-29a-3p, DNMT3A/3B, fibrosis-related molecules, Wnt3a, β-catenin, Janus kinase 2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was assessed in SV40MES13 cells and diabetic mice using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Furthermore, the expression changes of fibrosis-related molecules were further analyzed using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical blotting. The renal pathological changes of DKD in each group were also studied using hematoxylin-eosin and periodate-Schiff reaction staining.
RESULTS
In both the in vivo and in vitro experiments, it was observed that high glucose induction significantly decreased miR-29a-3p expression. As a result of this downregulation, DKD-related fibrosis was found to be promoted, as confirmed by elevated expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen type I, and fibronectin. MiR-29a-3p targets the 3’ non-coding regions of DNMT3A and DNMT3B and inhibits their expression. Inhibition of DNMT3A and DNMT3B can reverse the effect of miR-29a-3p downregulation on DKD-related fibrosis.
CONCLUSION
MiR-29a-3p can regulate Wnt/β-catenin and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signal pathways by regulating and inhibiting the expression of DNMT3A/3B and thus participate in the inhibition of DKD-related fibrosis.
Curcumol ameliorates diabetic retinopathy via modulating fat mass and obesity-associated protein-demethylated MAF transcription factor G antisense RNA 1
Authors: Rong Han , Hu Yu , Wei Wei 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, leading to significant visual impairment and blindness among adults. Current treatment options are limited, making it essential to explore novel therapeutic strategies. Curcumol, a sesquiterpenoid derived from traditional Chinese medicine, has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, but its potential role in DR remains unclear.
AIM
To investigate the therapeutic effects of curcumol on the progression of DR and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly its impact on the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein and the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MAF transcription factor G antisense RNA 1 (MAFG-AS1).
METHODS
A streptozotocin-induced mouse model of DR was established, followed by treatment with curcumol. Retinal damage and inflammation were evaluated through histological analysis and molecular assays. Human retinal vascular endothelial cells were exposed to high glucose conditions to simulate diabetic environments in vitro . Cell proliferation, migration, and inflammation markers were assessed in curcumol-treated cells. LncRNA microarray analysis identified key molecules regulated by curcumol, and further experiments were conducted to confirm the involvement of FTO and MAFG-AS1 in the progression of DR.
RESULTS
Curcumol treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels and alleviated retinal damage in streptozotocin-induced DR mouse models. In high-glucose-treated human retinal vascular endothelial cells, curcumol inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and inflammatory responses. LncRNA microarray analysis identified MAFG-AS1 as the most upregulated lncRNA following curcumol treatment. Mechanistically, FTO demethylated MAFG-AS1, stabilizing its expression. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the protective effects of curcumol against DR were mediated through the FTO/MAFG-AS1 signaling pathway.
CONCLUSION
Curcumol ameliorates the progression of DR by modulating the FTO/MAFG-AS1 axis, providing a novel therapeutic pathway for the treatment of DR. These findings suggest that curcumol-based therapies could offer a promising alternative for managing this debilitating complication of diabetes.
A $(3+\varepsilon)$-Approximate Correlation Clustering Algorithm in Dynamic Streams
Authors: Cambus Mélanie , Kuhn Fabian , Lindy Etna , Pai Shreyas , Uitto Jara 
Published: February 2025

Grouping together similar elements in datasets is a common task in data mining and machine learning. In this paper, we study streaming algorithms for correlation clustering, where each pair of elements is labeled either similar or dissimilar. The task is to partition the elements and the objective is to minimize disagreements, that is, the number of dissimilar elements grouped together and similar elements that get separated. Our main contribution is a semi-streaming algorithm that achieves a $(3 + \varepsilon)$-approximation to the minimum number of disagreements using a single pass over the stream. In addition, the algorithm also works for dynamic streams. Our approach builds on the analysis of the PIVOT algorithm by Ailon, Charikar, and Newman [JACM'08] that obtains a $3$-approximation in the centralized setting. Our design allows us to sparsify the input graph by ignoring a large portion of the nodes and edges without a large extra cost as compared to the analysis of PIVOT. This sparsification makes our technique applicable in models such as semi-streaming, where sparse graphs can typically be handled much more efficiently. Our work improves on the approximation ratio of the recent single-pass $5$-approximation algorithm and on the number of passes of the recent $O(1/\varepsilon)$-pass $(3 + \varepsilon)$-approximation algorithm [Behnezhad, Charikar, Ma, Tan FOCS'22, SODA'23]. Our algorithm is also more robust and can be applied in dynamic streams. Furthermore, it is the first single pass $(3 + \varepsilon)$-approximation algorithm that uses polynomial post-processing time.Comment: 19 pages. This is the TheoretiCS journal version
The Effect of a Training Program Based on Anderson Model in Executive Functions in Improving Academic Self-Efficacy
Authors: Aldabaibeh Alhanof Mohammad , Abu Ghazal Moawyah Mahmoud 
Published: February 2025

The present study aimed to identify the effect of a training program based on the Anderson model in executive function to increase academic self-efficacy. A quasi-experimental method pre-post design was used to investigate the effectiveness of the training program. A total of 36 tenth-grade students in Amman, Jordan were placed in two groups: 19 students were in the experimental group, and 16 students were in the control group. Academic self-efficacy scale which was developed by (Abu-Gazal, 2013) was administered with the two groups at pre and post-test, with the experimental group taking the training program 14 sessions, distributed three times a week. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the means on the post test between the experimental group and the control group, where the training program increase the level of academic self-efficacy of students assigned to the experimental group.
The Effect of Using Augmented Reality on Acquiring of Scientific Concepts among Basic Fifth Grade Students in Jordan
Authors: Ammari Lubna Hanna Jad , Al-Shboul Muhannad Anwar 
Published: February 2025

This study aims at investigating the effect of using Augmented reality on acquiring scientific concepts among basic fifth grade students in Jordan. The study used a quasi-experimental research design. The sample consisted of (53) students of the basic fifth grade students in Rosary Sisters school/ Jabal Amman that were intentionally chosen during the second semester 2022/2023 and were randomly divided into two groups: the control group which studied using the conventional method. It consisted of (26) participants and the experimental group which studied using augmented reality. It consisted of (27) participants. To achieve the objectives of the study a scientific concepts acquisition test was applied consisting of (20) multiple-choice, the indications of validity and reliability tests were extracted for the study tool. Arithmetic means, standard deviations, one-way analysis of variance, and t-test for independent samples were also used to answer the study question. The results showed statistically significant differences between the arithmetic mean of the performance of the students of the experimental group and control group in the post acquiring scientific concepts test due to the teaching method attributed to the students of the experimental group.
The Effect of Note-taking Strategy on EFL Ninth-Grade Students’ Listening Comprehension
Authors: Al-Quraan Sondos Essa , Bani Abdelrahman Abdallah 
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effect of a Note-taking strategy on the listening comprehension of EFL Ninth-Grade students. A quasi-experimental approach was applied on two groups. The researchers assigned two sections of grade nine students at the Mariam Bint Imran Secondary School for Girls, a public institution of the Directorate of Education in Irbid. The first section was randomly assigned as the experimental group (24 students) and the second as the control group (25 students). A pre-/post listening comprehension test was prepared to achieve the study's goal. The experimental group was taught using the Note-taking strategy, whereas the control group was taught using the standard listening strategy, as described in the Teacher's Book. According to the findings, the Note-taking strategy enhanced students' listening comprehension. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers suggested that different EFL skills and levels of students should apply the Note-taking Strategy.