bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan penanda molekuler untuk deteksi Phytophthora palmivora pada tanaman kakao Development of molecular marker for the detection of Phytophthora palmivora in cacao
Authors: DARMONO T W , JAMIL Ilyas , SANTOSA Dwi Andreas 
Published: September 2018

Summary Pod rot is one of the most important diseases in cacao. This disease could be incited by Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya, P. capsici or P. citrophthora. The causal agent of pod rot disease in cacao in Indonesia is known to be P. palmivora. The success of pod rot disease management is partly depend on the success of efforts in reducing the quantity and quality of the disease inoculum above and below soil surface. Provision of molecular-based detection system would improve the accuracy of determination of these two parameters. The objective of this experiment was to develop a pair of primers that could be used to specifically amplify rDNA fragments of P. palmivora associated with pod rot disease in cacao. Design of these primers was made based on the DNA sequence of rDNA fragment amplified using a pair of universal primers ITS4/ITS5. Regions showing high degree of dissimilarity among species of Phytophthora and high degree of similarity within the same species of P. palmivora were determined through DNA alignment. Specific forward primer (DTF) 5¢-CTT AGT TGG GGG TCT CTT TC-3¢ and reverse primer (Ilyas1R) 5¢-GTT CAC CAA TCA TAC CAC C-3¢ were obtained. This pair of primers had been proven to specifically amplify only rDNA fragment, approximately 650 bp, of P. palmivora associated with pod rot disease and stem canker in cacao.Ringkasan Penyakit busuk buah merupakan salah satu penyakit terpenting pada tanaman kakao. Penyakit ini dapat disebabkan oleh Phytoph-thora palmivora, P. megakarya, P. capsici atau P. citrophthora. Di Indonesia busuk buah disebabkan oleh P. palmivora. Keberhasilan pengendalian penyakit busuk buah salah satunya tergantung kepada keberhasilan penekanan kuantitas dan kualitas inokulum baik yang berada di atas maupun di bawah permukaan tanah. Tersedianya perangkat deteksi molekuler akan sangat membantu dalam upaya penetapan kedua parameter ter-sebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengem-bangkan satu pasang primer yang secara spesifik mampu mengamplifikasi hanya fragmen rDNA P. palmivora yang berkaitan dengan busuk buah kakao. Desain primer dilakukan dengan mengacu kepada sekuen rDNA yang diamplifikasi dengan pasangan primer universal ITS4/ITS5. Daerah yang menunjukkan urutan basa dengan tingkat keragaman yang tinggi antar spesies Phytoph-thora dan yang menunjukkan tingkat kesamaan tinggi dalam satu spesies P. palmivora yang sama ditelusuri melalui penjajaran DNA. Hasil desain primer diperoleh primer forward (DTF) 5¢-CTT AGT TGG GGG TCT CTT TC-3¢ dan reverse (Ilyas1R) 5¢-GTT CAC CAA TCA TAC CAC C-3¢. Pasangan primer DTF dan Ilyas1R ini hanya mampu mengamplifikasi fragmen rDNA berukuran 650 bp dari P. palmivora penyebab penyakit buah dan kanker batang kakao.
Kloning parsial gen penyandi P5CS dari tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Cloning of P5CS-encoding gene fragment from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: MINARSIH Hayati , SUPRIYADI . , PUTRA Soekarno Mismana , BUDIANI Asmini 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAbiotic stress such as drought stress is one of the important factors that affect plant growth. Plants have an adaptation mechanism to overcome the stress condition by accumulating osmoprotectant compounds. Proline is a well known compatible solute and can be accumulated to a high concentration in plant cells under drought or osmotic stress. One of the important enzymes in proline biosynthesis is ∆1 - pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) encoded by P5CS gene. This research is aimed to clone partial length of P5CS gene from S. officinarum, variety PSJT 941. The amplification of P5CS gene fragment was done by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), using specific primers. DNA fragment of 984 bp, 975 bp and 1725 bp were cloned into Escherichia coli XL1-Blue using pGEMT Easy plasmid vector. Results from BLAST analysis showed that the P5CS sequences have high homology (99%) with the P5CS gene of S. officinarum in the GenBank database. AbstrakCekaman abiotik seperti kekeringan merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman. Tanaman mempunyai strategi adaptasi dalam mengatasi cekaman tersebut dengan mengakumulasi senyawa osmoprotektan yang terakumulasi dalam konsentrasi tinggi. Prolin merupakan salah satu senyawa osmoprotektan yang dapat melindungi tanaman dari cekaman kekeringan maupun osmotik. Salah satu enzim yang berperan penting dalam biosintesis prolin adalah ∆1 -pyrroline-5- carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) yang disandi oleh gen P5CS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklon fragmen gen P5CS dari S. officinarum varietas PSJT 941. Amplifikasi fragmen gen P5CS dilakukan dengan teknik Reverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan primer spesifik gen P5CS. Fragmen DNA hasil RT-PCR berukuran 984 bp, 975 bp, dan 1725 bp diklon ke dalam Escherichia coli XL 1-Blue menggunakan vektor plasmid pGEM-T Easy. Hasil analisis BLAST menunjukkan bahwa sekuen fragmen gen produk RT-PCR yang berasal dari S. officinarum PSJT 941 memiliki homologi yang sangat tinggi (99%) dengan gen P5CS pada S. officinarum yang ada dalam pusat data Genbank.
Penapisan bakteri penghasil bioplastik polihidroksi alkanoat dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit Screening of bioplastics polyhydroxy alkanoic producing bacteria from landfill and palm oil mill effluents
Authors: KRESNAWATY Irma , PRAKOSO Haryo Tejo , ERIS Deden Dewantara , MULYATNI Agustin Sri 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPlastic wastes have become a serious problem of the world because of unbiodegradable property. There are many solutions to this problem and one of them is by replacing conventional plastic base material with the biodegradable materials. Bioplastic material that is quite important for industries and recently being developed by scientists is Polyhydroxyalcanoate (PHA). It is a natural polyester which can be produced by several microorganisms, like bacteria and algae. Bacterial isolations from landfills waste and palm oil mill effluents were conducted on this research. Preliminary screenings of PHA-producing-bacteria were examined qualitatively using 0.05% Nile red dye. The selection results showed that among 32 bacterial isolates, 10 of them could accumulate PHA which could be detected qualitatively through its fluorescence in UV ray at λ 235 nm. TH-D092 and LC-S05 isolates originated respectively from landfill and palm oil mill effluent had ability to accumulate PHA respectively 6.67 and 9.44% dried cell weight. Identification of the microbe concluded that TH-D092 was Pseudomonas aeroginosa, whilst LC-S05 and LC-D02 isolates was Bacillus subtilis.AbstrakLimbah plastik menjadi masalah serius yang dihadapi dunia karena sulit didegradasi mikroba. Salah satu solusi masalah adalah dengan mengganti bahan dasar plastik konvensional dengan plastik biodegradable (bioplastik). Bahan bioplastik yang cukup penting bagi indutri dan saat ini terus dikembangkan oleh peneliti adalah Polihidroksial- kanoat (PHA). PHA merupakan poliester alami yang dapat diproduksi oleh mikroorganisme, seperti bakteri dan alga. Pada penelitian dilakukan isolasi bakteri dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah (TPS) dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS). Penapisan awal bakteri penghasil PHA dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan pewarna Nile red 0.05%. Hasil penapisan menunjukkan diantara ke-32 isolat bakteri diperoleh 10 isolat mampu mengakumulasi PHA secara kualitatif, yaitu isolat yang mampu menimbulkan pendaran floresen pada sinar UV pada λ 235 nm. Isolat TH-D092 dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah dan isolat LC-S05 dari limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit memiliki kemampuan mengakumulasi PHA berturut-turut 6,67 dan 9,44% dari berat sel kering. Hasil identifikasi spesies bakteri menunjukkan bahwa isolat TH-DO9 termasuk Pseudomonas aeroginosa, LC-SO5 dan LC-DO2 termasuk Bacillus subtilis.
Kemampuan jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma Sp. S2-2 dalam mendegradasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan selulosa The capability of wood rot fungus JPA isolate and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 in degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches to produce cellulose
Authors: ALHIDAYATULLAH . , SUDIRMAN1 Lisdar I , DHARMAPUTRA Okky Setyawati 
Published: September 2018

Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the ligno-cellulosic wastes from palm oil processing. They can be used to produce raw materials for value-added products. The purpose of this study was to determine the degradation capacity of JPA wood rot fungi and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 on OPEFB. The 500 g of substrates consisted of 81% of OPEFB, 15% bran, 1.5% lime and 1.5% gypsum were used for growing. The substrates were inoculated with five treatments i.e without isolate (K); with JPA isolate (JPA); with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); with the two isolates (JPA + T); and with JPA isolate and after four weeks of incubation inoculated with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA)+T]. All treatments were incubated for eight weeks. The results showed that JPA+T was the best treatment which the two isolates must be inoculated simultaneously for degradation of OPEFB. Lignin and cellulose content on JPA+T treatment respectively were 20.83% and 33.77%. C/N ratio of OPEFB degraded with JPA+T was lower than the C/N ratio of TKKS degraded with Trichoderma harzianum and TKKS degraded with EM4 in previous study. AbstrakTandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah lignoselulosa dari pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit. TKKS dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memperoleh bahan baku untuk produk bernilai tambah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan degradasi jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 pada TKKS. Sebanyak 500 g substrat terdiri dari 81% TKKS, 15% dedak, 1,5% kapur, dan 1,5% gypsum digunakan untuk per-tumbuhan. Substrat diinokulasi dengan lima perlakuan yaitu tanpa isolat (K); dengan isolat JPA (JPA); dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); dengan isolat JPA dan setelah empat minggu inkubasi, diinokulasi dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA+T)]. Semua perlakuan diinkubasi selama delapan minggu. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan JPA+T adalah perlakuan terbaik yaitu kedua isolat tesebut harus diinokulasi secara bersamaan untuk mendegradasi TKKS. Kandungan lignin dan selulosa TKKS dengan perlakuan JPA+T masing-masing adalah 20,83% dan 33,77%. Rasio C/N TKKS hasil degradasi dengan JPA+T lebih rendah daripada rasio C/N pada TKKS yang didegradasi dengan Trichoderma harzianum dan TKKS yang didegradasi dengan EM4 pada penelitian sebelumnya.
Pengaruh matriks kapsul terhadap perkecambahan benih sintetik teh (Camellia sinensis L.) Effect of capsule matrix on germination of synthetic seeds of tea (Camellia sinensis L.)
Authors: SUMARYONO . , SAPTARI Rizka T 
Published: September 2018

Abstract Synthetic seed technology has been developed to combine the practical use of ordinary seeds and clonal plant materials. Single somatic embryos of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) clone GMB 9 were encap-sulated using sodium alginate and CaCl2 at different concentrations to produce synthetic seeds. Encapsulating matrices with and without somatic embryos were made of WP medium and 20 g/L sucrose with 1, 2 or 3% sodium alginate and 50 or 100 mM CaCl2. Encapsulating matrices without somatic embryos were then tested its physical characteristics, whereas the capsules with somatic embryos were observed its germination rate and secondary embryo formation every week up to six weeks. The results showed that the concentrations of sodium alginate and CaCl2 were affected significantly the physical characteristics of encap-sulating matrix produced. The sufficient level of hardness and highest germination rate was obtained from 2% sodium alginate and 50 mM CaCl2. Sodium alginate at 1% or less produced soft, leaky and oval encapsulating matrices which were not suitable for synthetic seeds. Sodium alginate 3% and 100 mM CaCl2 produced rounded and very hard encapsulating matrices and inhibited the germination of somatic embryos. Germination rates of tea synthetic seeds and somatic embryos without encapsulation were 5 to 20% after six weeks. Abstrak Teknologi benih sintetik dikembangkan untuk memadukan kepraktisan penggunaan benih biasa dengan bahan tanam klonal. Embrio somatik tunggal dari tanaman teh (Camellia sinensis L.) klon GMB 9 dienkapsulasi menggunakan natrium alginat dan CaCl2 untuk membuat benih sintetik. Matriks kapsul dengan dan tanpa embrio somatik dibuat dari medium WP dengan sukrosa 20 g/L dicampur dengan natrium alginat 1, 2, atau 3% dan CaCl2 50 atau 100 mM. Matriks kapsul tanpa embrio somatik kemudian diuji sifat fisiknya, sedangkan matriks kapsul dengan embrio somatik diamati daya kecambah dan pembentukan embrio somatik sekunder setiap minggu sampai dengan enam minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi natrium alginat dan CaCl2 sangat berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik matriks kapsul yang dihasilkan. Tingkat kekerasan yang memadai dan menghasilkan persentase perkecambahan yang tinggi diperoleh dengan alginat 2% dan CaCl2 50 mM. Natrium alginat pada konsentrasi 1% atau kurang menghasilkan matriks kapsul yang lunak, mudah bocor dan berbentuk lonjong sehingga tidak sesuai untuk benih sintetik. Natrium alginat konsentrasi 3% pada larutan CaCl2 100 mM menghasilkan benih sintetik yang bulat, sangat keras dan menghambat perkecambahan embrio somatik teh. Daya kecambah benih sintetik dan embrio somatik teh tanpa enkapsulasi berkisar 5 - 20% setelah enam minggu.
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Hepatobiliary Pathology
Authors: German S. V. , Bobrovnitsky I. P. 
Published: September 2018

Aim.  The aim of this review is to analyze and systematize data on the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on hepatobiliary diseases.Background.  Over the past two decades, a growing number of studies have been devoted to the possible involvement of H. pylori infection in the extragastric pathology. The presence of the bacterium was detected in many organs and tissues. Its relationship with the development of idiopathic iron-deficiency anemia, B12 deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is proved. The possible role of the bacterium in the development of hepatobiliary pathology is also discussed. The presence of the bacterium has been revealed in samples taken from the liver tissue, biliary tract, bile and gallstones of patients suffering from hepatobiliary diseases. The involvement of H. pylori in the formation of gallstones is considered possible. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is more often diagnosed in H. pylori infected individuals compared to those not infected. The progression of inflammation in the liver of any nature is noted in the presence of H. pylori infection. Different species of the Helicobacter genus, including H. pylori, are shown to contribute to the development of liver cancer. However, some researchers report data against the involvement of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of various hepatobiliary diseases.Conclusion. The results obtained by the authors cannot be considered unambiguous, thus requiring further research. Given the high prevalence of H. pylori infection and the significant incidence of hepatobiliary pathology, the confirmation of their relationship can be of great epidemiological, preventive and clinical importance.
Microbiota of the Esophagus and Stomach in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Rumyantseva D. E. , Trukhmanov A. S. , Kudryavtseva A. V. , Krasnov G. S. , Paraskevova A. V. , Storonova O. A. , Ponomarev A. B. 
Published: September 2018

This paper is aimed at investigating the microbiota of the esophagus and stomach in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and healthy volunteers.Materials and methods.  The study included 15 patients suffering from GERD and 6 healthy volunteers. All subjects underwent sampling of esophageal and gastric contents. The study of the microbiota in the obtained samples was performed by sequencing the 16S gene of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).Results. The most common types of bacteria in the esophagus and stomach in patients with GERD and healthy volunteers are found to be Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacterium. By comparing the relative contents of the main types of bacteria in the esophageal mucus and gastric contents, a significant decrease in the proportion of Proteobacteria was observed in patients with GERD as compared to healthy volunteers. The decrease in the relative number of bacteria belonging to the Acetobacteraceae, Bacillaceae, Bdellovibrionaceae, Clostridiales Insertae Sedis XI, Fusobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Rhodocyclaceae families was observed in the esophagus in patients with GERD as compared to healthy volunteers. A higher bacterial content of the Leptotrichiaceae and Veillonellaceae families was detected in the stomach of patients with GERD.Conclusions.  The obtained results indicate differences in the intraluminal microbiota of the esophagus and stomach in patients with GERD and healthy volunteers. Further study should be carried out to study the effect of changes in bacterial composition on those in the esophagus and stomach.
Calcareous algae from the Ordovician succession (Thango Formation) of the Spiti Basin, Tethys Himalaya, India
Authors: Pandey Shivani , Parcha Suraj K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe calcareous algae Dasyporella silurica, Moniliporella multipora and Vermiporella fragilis are reported for the first time from the Middle Ordovician (Dapingian to Darriwilian) Thango Formation of the Spiti Basin of northern India (Pin Valley, Tethys Himalaya). Moniliporella multipora is reported for the first time from the entire Spiti Basin. This algal assemblage is broadly comparable to that of the directly overlying Takche (=Pin) Formation in the Spiti Basin, as well as that reported from the Ordovician succession of the Tarim Basin and from Kazakhstan. The presence of these calcareous algae is of biogeographical and biostratigraphical significance as it indicates a shallow marine depositional environment for the Thango Formation of the Spiti Basin.
Correlates of rural development: A case study of Sadar development block of Pratapgarh District in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Mishra Ashutosh 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Rural development aims at improving the quality of life of rural people, and in the process infrastructure variables play a crucial role. India is the second most populous country in the world and the majority of its population lives in rural areas. Rural development has been India’s prime concern ever since the time of independence, and several strategies and plans were implemented from time to time to achieve a better level of development. However, neither top-down, nor bottom-up strategies of development could bring the desired changes. This article attempts to identify some correlates of rural development and tries to understand why the desired level and pattern of development could not be achieved even after seven decades of the planning process. The study analyses the case of ‘Sadar’ development block of Pratapgarh district in Uttar Pradesh. The analysis of 10 selected variables reveals that there is a vast disparity in the level of development in the study area. However, the study shows that lack of basic education, health and credit facilities is the cause of this disparity and poor level of development. In view of the findings the author suggests that a ‘local resource-oriented development strategy’ should be adopted to ensure the holistic development of the rural areas.
Director-Generals’ Human and Social Capital, and Management Performance of Farmers’ Cooperatives: Evidence from China’s Fujian
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Zhongbin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Purpose – This study aimed to assess the impact of director-generals’ human and social capitals on the organizational performance of farmers’ cooperatives in Fujian Province. Design/Methodology/Approach – Questionnaire survey data of 303 standard cooperatives in nine cities of Fujian Province were statistically analyzed.
Findings – We identified that director-generals’ human and social capitals affect all four dimensions of cooperative performance, through the mediating role of management effectiveness.
Practical Implications – We offer suggestions and measures for improving cooperatives’ performance by enhancing the human and social capitals of director-generals. Based on China’s national conditions, we propose measures to improve director-generals’ human and social capitals by the Internal trust, Government policy support, and Business network (IGB) model, which emphasizes establishing a social network of cooperatives’ director-generals, accumulating social capital, and promoting cooperative development through internal members, government departments, and commercial organizations.
Predicates of personal taste in communication: A case of disagreement
Authors: Zouhar Marián 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to defend the idea that, from the semantic point of view, predicates of personal taste behave in communication like ordinary indexical expressions (pronouns, demonstratives, etc.). It means that they express different semantic contents relative to relevantly different contexts of utterances. This is a consequence of the claim that “tasty” (which is our paradigm example of a predicate of personal taste) and “tasty for (someone)” (where “someone” is a placeholder for an agent) express the same, or very similar, semantic contents relative to the same context of utterance. Now this idea can be challenged by pointing to certain communicative phenomena, such as disagreements about matters of personal taste. It is argued, however, that there is an explanation of taste disagreements that is compatible with the indexical nature of predicates of personal taste. Moreover, it is shown that an explanation along these lines is rather natural because it seems to be necessitated by communication-based evidence.
Integrationist semiology and text theory
Authors: Gvoždiak Vít 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The aim of this paper is (1) to briefly define the essence of integrationist semiology/linguistics (especially in Roy Harris’ works – e.g. Harris 1981, 1984, 1998a) and to present a set of basic methodological beliefs that can be considered as a principal critique of traditional (so called segregationist) linguistics / semiology. Among the most important integrationist beliefs are the non-privilege of linguistic acts in human communication (the principle of contemporality), contextualism (the sign form is not independent of the sign substance) and the inseparability of rules from their application. On this basis the paper (2) outlines the basic aspects of integrationist convictions about the relationship between the sign and the text and their comparison with Rastier’s (2015) interpretative semantics. In conclusion (3) the article discusses one current form of the philosophy of language (Pettersson, 2017) that is – to a certain extent – based on integrationism. Overall, the paper attempts to draw attention to the fact that integrationist theory in many cases provides an adequate critical reflection of traditional semiological/linguistic methodology, but in a closer look it shows that it cannot offer a robust theoretical alternative.