bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelets and Megakaryocytes in Vascular Disease
Authors: van der Loo B. , Martin J. F. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPlatelets are involved in both atherosclerosis and its complications including coronary artery thrombosis. They are derived from their precursor, the mega-karyocyte (MK), a unique cell in mammalians as it can double its DNA content without intervening mitoses. There is growing evidence that changes in the megakaryocyte - platelet - haemostasis axis precede acute thrombotic events, therefore suggesting a preexisting prethrombotic state prior to thrombosis. In this context, interest has focused on changes in megakaryocyte DNA content and its relationship to platelet reactivity. An increase in MK ploidy may be associated with the production of large platelets. Large platelets are denser and are more reactive haemostatically. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is increased in patients immediately after myocardial infarction (Ml) and is a predictor of a further ischaemic event when measured after Ml.One of the haematopoietic factors that regulate megakaryocytopoiesis has recently been characterized as the c-mpl ligand. This finding, and an understand-ing of the signalling system that controls not only platelet number but also size, might give insight into a role for platelet production in thrombogenesis and athe-rogenesis.
Megakaryocytes and Platelets as the Main Cause for Vascular Events in Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders
Authors: Schneider W. , Wehmeier A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryMegakaryocytes are part of clonal hematopoiesis in chronic myeloproliferative disorders and are responsible for most of the clinical complications in this disease. About 30-40% of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) suffer from thrombotic complications, and microcirculatory disorders are common. Spontaneous bleeding mainly from the gastrointestinal tract is another complication that is especially prevalent in myelofibrosis and advanced stages of chronic myeloid leukemia.In vivo, the bone marrow is hypercellular and the concentration of megakaryocytes increased with characteristic morphological abnormalities. Megakaryocytes are enlarged and ploidy is increased in PV and ET but small mononuclear cells with decreased ploidy are a feature of CML. Despite spontaneous growth in cul-ture, megakaryocytes in chronic MPD are hypersensitive to added interleukin-3, interleukin-6 and GM-CSF.Platelets released from these megakaryocytes show abnormal morphology and ultrastructure, reflected in loss of storage granules and organelles, increased volume distribution and low buoyant density. Uptake, storage and secretion of platelet dense granule constituents is abnormal, and the plasma levels of platelet specific proteins which may also include growth factors for fibroblasts are elevated. At high platelet counts, spontaneous aggregation is observed, whereas agonist-induced aggregation in vitro with adrenaline, ADP and collagen is often defective. Platelet thromboxane generation may be stimulated, and production along the lipoxygenase pathway is decreased. Abnormalities of glycoprotein receptors and decreased fibrinogen binding have been reported but their clinical significance is uncertain. Several observations suggest that not only receptor defects but ineffective intracellular signalling may be responsible for platelet function abnormalities.No single underlying defect has been discovered that could explain this variety of pathological findings. Moreover, a combination of intrinsic megakaryocyte abnormalities and increased susceptibility of platelets to activation makes it difficult to differentiate secondary phenomena from effects of clonal hematopoiesis. How-ever, there are some clinical guidelines for therapy.Most elderly patients will be treated with cytoreductive therapy. Alkylating drugs and 32P have been shown to be leukemogenic, but even hydroxyurea may have a 10% incidence of leukemia induction after long-term therapy. Therapy with platelet-inhibitory drugs is often not sufficient to control thrombosis, and may aggravate a bleeding tendency, so that younger patients with PV and ET are increasingly treated with anagrelide or interferon alpha (A-IFN). Anagrelide is a quinazolin derivative that specifically inhibits megakaryocytopoiesis, while A-IFN may suppress clonal hematopoiesis by an unknown mechanism.
Erworbene Inhibitoren gegen Faktor IX
Authors: Scharrer Inge 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungSpontan erworbene Faktor-IX-Hemmkörper treten sehr selten auf, wesentlich seltener als spontan erworbene Faktor-Vlll-Hemmkörper. Die durch sie verursachte Blutungsneigung ist ähnlich derjenigen, die durch Faktor-Vlll-Hemmkörper induziert werden kann. Auch die Grundkrankheiten sind ähnlich denen, die bei den spontanen Faktor-Vlll-Hemmkörpem vorliegen.Die Diagnose erfolgt mit Hilfe der Bethesda-Methode. Lupus-Antikoagulanzien sollten vorher ausgeschlossen werden. Faktor-IX-Hemmkörper sind nicht so ausgeprägt temperatur- und zeitabhängig wie Faktor-Vlll-Inhibitoren. Sie weisen keine komplexe Kinetik auf. Meist sind es Immunglobuline der IgG-Klasse 1-4. Die Blutstillungstherapie kann mit Feiba® oder rekombinantem Faktor Vila erfolgen. Durch Plasmapheresen kann die Titerhöhe reduziert werden. Zur Elimination empfiehlt sich eine immunsuppressive Therapie, zum Beispiel eine Kombination von Cyclophosphamid und Kortikosteroiden.
Erworbene Inhibitoren gegen Faktor XIII
Authors: Kröniger A. , Seitz R. , Egbring R. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungAntikörper gegen FXIII sind extrem selten: Bisher wurden zwei Patienten mit angeborenem FXIII-Mangel und 21 vorher gerinnungsnormale Patienten beschrieben, die Hemmkörper gegen FXIII entwickelten. Häufigster Auslöser für erworbene FXIII-Hemmkörper, die eine defekte Fibrinvernetzung verursachen, ist die Langzeitanwendung bestimmter Medikamente. Die Blutungssymptomatik zeigt das gesamte Spektrum des schweren FXIII-Mangels. Sofern ein Medikament als Ursache des Hemmkörpers in Frage kommt, ist dieses sofort abzusetzen. Weiterhin sollte versucht werden, durch hochdosierte Gabe eines FXIII-Konzentrates den Inhibitor zu überspielen und damit eine Blutstillung zu erzielen
Neural detection of socially valued community members
Authors: Morelli Sylvia A. , Leong Yuan Chang , Carlson Ryan W. , Kullar Monica , Zaki Jamil 
Published: July 2018

Significance
To form successful communities, people must be able to detect socially valued individuals: people who are generous, supportive, and well-connected. Here, we provide evidence that people accomplish this detection by monitoring how the broader community views individuals. We used social network analysis to identify highly socially valued individuals in two college dormitories. We then scanned dorm residents using fMRI as they passively viewed pictures of dormmates. Activity in brain systems related to mentalizing and reward increased when people viewed highly valued, versus less valued, dormmates—even when controlling for individuals’ own impressions of their dormmates. These data suggest that people robustly monitor peers’ social value, potentially allowing them to efficiently locate high-quality social ties.
Top-down, contextual entrainment of neuronal oscillations in the auditory thalamocortical circuit
Authors: Barczak Annamaria , O’Connell Monica Noelle , McGinnis Tammy , Ross Deborah , Mowery Todd , Falchier Arnaud , Lakatos Peter 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Our results indicate that nonhuman primates detect complex repeating acoustic sequences in a continuous auditory stream, which is an important precursor for human speech learning and perception. We demonstrate that oscillatory entrainment, known to support the attentive perception of rhythmic stimulus sequences, can occur for rhythms defined solely by stimulus context rather than physical boundaries. As opposed to acoustically driven entrainment by rhythmic tone sequences demonstrated previously, this form of entrainment relies on the brain’s ability to group auditory inputs based on their statistical regularities. The internally initiated, context-driven modulation of excitability in the medial pulvinar prior to A1 supports the notion of top-down entrainment.
Selective visual representation of letters and words in the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex with intracerebral recordings
Authors: Lochy Aliette , Jacques Corentin , Maillard Louis , Colnat-Coulbois Sophie , Rossion Bruno , Jonas Jacques 
Published: July 2018

Significance
The left ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOTC) is a critical part of the reading circuitry. We made measurements with intracerebral electrodes in 37 participants to understand whether this region contains functionally separated brain loci for processing letters and words. Letter-selective responses are found in much of VOTC. Responses to word forms are absent in posterior VOTC but are present and intermingled with letter-specific responses in left anterior VOTC. The results are inconsistent with a hierarchical model in which posterior regions uniquely perform letter identification functions and increasingly anterior regions perform increasingly complex linguistic functions.
Mice harboring the humanSLC30A8R138X loss-of-function mutation have increased insulin secretory capacity
Authors: Kleiner Sandra , Gomez Daniel , Megra Bezawit , Na Erqian , Bhavsar Ramandeep , Cavino Katie , Xin Yurong , Rojas Jose , Dominguez-Gutierrez Giselle , Zambrowicz Brian , Carrat Gaelle , Chabosseau Pauline , Hu Ming , Murphy Andrew J. , Yancopoulos George D. , Rutter Guy A. , Gromada Jesper 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceThe zinc transporter SLC30A8 is primarily expressed in islets of the endocrine pancreas. HumanSLC30A8loss-of-function mutations protect against type 2 diabetes. However,Slc30a8knockout mice do not show this protection. We have generated a mouse model mimicking a common protective humanSLC30A8loss-of-function allele. This mouse model shows a beneficial effect of loss of SLC30A8 function on β-cell biology. In particular, mice carrying the protective R138X allele have an increased capacity to secrete insulin in high-glucose conditions. Understanding the signaling mechanisms regulating insulin secretion in the R138X mice could provide novel insights into β-cell biology, and may lead to the identification of therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetes.
Neural tracking of the musical beat is enhanced by low-frequency sounds
Authors: Lenc Tomas , Keller Peter E. , Varlet Manuel , Nozaradan Sylvie 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Bass sounds play a special role in conveying the rhythm and stimulating motor entrainment to the beat of music. However, the biological roots of this culturally widespread musical practice remain mysterious, despite its fundamental relevance in the sciences and arts, and also for music-assisted clinical rehabilitation of motor disorders. Here, we show that this musical convention may exploit a neurophysiological mechanism whereby low-frequency sounds shape neural representations of rhythmic input at the cortical level by boosting selective neural locking to the beat, thus explaining the privileged role of bass sounds in driving people to move along with the musical beat.
How adaptive immunity constrains the composition and fate of large bacterial populations
Authors: Bonsma-Fisher Madeleine , Soutière Dominique , Goyal Sidhartha 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceComplex communities of microorganisms are important ecological forces and phages are integral components of microbial populations. Among the many bacterial defense mechanisms against phages, CRISPR-Cas is unique in its ability to learn from past infections by storing pieces of phage DNA (called spacers) in its own genome to neutralize future infections. Our work shows that the rank abundance distribution of spacers across the whole bacterial population, which is readily accessed using genomic sequencing, may provide a phenomenological observable that reflects important structural aspects of bacterial populations. This study lays out a path toward a phenomenological framework for understanding microbial dynamics and may provide insights into complex and diverse natural populations where microscopic modeling is plagued by overparameterization and overfitting.
Chemical feedbacks weaken the wintertime response of particulate sulfate and nitrate to emissions reductions over the eastern United States
Authors: Shah Viral , Jaeglé Lyatt , Thornton Joel A. , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , Lee Ben H. , Schroder Jason C. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Jimenez Jose L. , Guo Hongyu , Sullivan Amy P. , Weber Rodney J. , Green Jaime R. , Fiddler Marc N. , Bililign Solomon , Campos Teresa L. , Stell Meghan , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Montzka Denise D. , Brown Steven S. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Exposure to fine particulate matter is a leading cause of premature deaths and illnesses globally. In the eastern United States, substantial cuts in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions have considerably lowered particulate sulfate and nitrate concentrations for all seasons except winter. Simulations that reproduce detailed airborne observations of wintertime atmospheric chemistry over the eastern United States indicate that particulate sulfate and nitrate formation is limited by the availability of oxidants and by the acidity of fine particles, respectively. These limitations relax at lower ambient concentrations, forming particulate matter more efficiently, and weaken the effect of emission reductions. These results imply that larger emission reductions, especially during winter, are necessary for substantial improvements in wintertime air quality in the eastern United States.
Inferring the shape of global epistasis
Authors: Otwinowski Jakub , McCandlish David M. , Plotkin Joshua B. 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceHow does an organism’s genetic sequence govern its measurable characteristics? New technologies provide libraries of randomized sequences to study this relationship in unprecedented detail for proteins and other molecules. Deriving insight from these data is difficult, though, because the space of possible sequences is enormous, so even the largest experiments sample a tiny minority of sequences. Moreover, the effects of mutations may combine in unexpected ways. We present a statistical framework to analyze such mutagenesis data. The key assumption is that mutations contribute in a simple way to some unobserved trait, which is related to the observed trait by a nonlinear mapping. Analyzing three proteins, we show that this model is easily interpretable and yet fits the data remarkably well.
Zinc depletion induces ribosome hibernation in mycobacteria
Authors: Li Yunlong , Sharma Manjuli R. , Koripella Ravi K. , Yang Yong , Kaushal Prem S. , Lin Qishan , Wade Joseph T. , Gray Todd A. , Derbyshire Keith M. , Agrawal Rajendra K. , Ojha Anil K. 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceMycobacteria as well as other bacteria remodel their ribosomes in response to zinc depletion by replacing zinc-binding ribosomal proteins with zinc-free paralogues, releasing zinc for other metabolic processes. In this study, we show that the remodeled ribosome acquires a structurally stable but functionally inactive and aminoglycoside-resistant state in zinc-starvedMycobacterium smegmatis. Conversely,M. smegmatiscells that are growth arrested in zinc-rich conditions have unstable ribosomes and reduced survival. We further provide evidence for ribosome remodeling inMycobacterium tuberculosisin host tissues, suggesting that ribosome hibernation occurs during TB infections. Our findings could offer insights into mechanisms of persistence and antibiotic tolerance of mycobacterial infections.
Waves cue distinct behaviors and differentiate transport of congeneric snail larvae from sheltered versus wavy habitats
Authors: Fuchs Heidi L. , Gerbi Gregory P. , Hunter Elias J. , Christman Adam J. 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceMany marine populations grow and spread via larvae that disperse in ocean currents. Larvae can alter their physical transport by swimming vertically or sinking in response to environmental signals. However, it remains unknown whether any signals could enable larvae to navigate over large scales. We studied larval responses to water motions in closely related snails, one from turbulent coastal inlets and one from the wavy continental shelf. These two species reacted similarly to turbulence but differently to waves, causing their transport patterns to diverge in wavy, offshore regions. Contrasting responses to waves could enable these similar species to maintain separate spatial distributions. Wave-induced behaviors provide evidence that larvae may detect waves as both motions and sounds useful in navigation.
Warming reverses top-down effects of predators on belowground ecosystem function in Arctic tundra
Authors: Koltz Amanda M. , Classen Aimée T. , Wright Justin P. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Organisms’ responses to climate change can result in altered species interactions, with cascading effects on communities and ecosystems. Understanding these processes is especially relevant in the rapidly warming Arctic, where faster decomposition of stored soil carbon is expected to result in positive carbon feedbacks to the atmosphere. We provide evidence that warmer temperatures alter the cascading effects of wolf spiders, an abundant and widespread predator, on ecosystem functioning. Specifically, we find that warming tends to reverse the effect of high spider densities on fungal-feeding Collembola and ultimately leads to slower decomposition rates. Our work demonstrates that climate change can alter the nature of predator effects on decomposition, resulting in unexpected changes in ecosystem function with potentially important global implications.
They did it again! Social control responses to repeated incidences of deviance in small groups / ¡Lo han vuelto a hacer! Respuestas de control social a la incidencia repetida de la desviación en grupos pequeños
Authors: Frings Daniel , Pinto Isabel R. 
Published: July 2018

Deviant group members who break group norms often challenge social validity and group locomotion, invoking varying types of social control responses. The current study ( N = 95) investigated changes over time in the use of four social control responses of varying severity (persuasion, embarrassment, temporary exclusion and permanent exclusion) employed in response to deviance. It also tested the roles that perceived effectiveness of and social support for various responses play in response selection. Findings show severity of social control response selection is driven by both pragmatic and identity-based concerns: Over time, responses become more severe, driven in part by effectiveness and social support.
Foot posture alteration and recovery following a full marathon run
Authors: Fukano Mako , Inami Takayuki , Nakagawa Kento , Narita Takaya , Iso Shigeo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProlonged running results in lowering of the foot arch and a low arch is associated with subsequent chronic injuries. Foot posture alteration and recovery following a marathon run remain unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate foot posture alteration following a full marathon run. The three‐dimensional foot posture data of 11 collegiate runners were obtained using an optical foot scanner system before, and immediately, 1 day, 3 days, and 8 days after a full marathon. The navicular height and arch height ratio significantly decreased from before to immediately, 1 day, 3 days, and 8 days after the marathon (navicular height: before, 44.2 ± 5.0 mm; immediately after, 39.4 ± 5.5 mm; 1 day, 37.7 ± 6.2 mm; 3 days, 38.7 ± 5.5 mm; 8 days, 37.6 ± 5.7 mm; arch height ratio: before, 18.4 ± 1.9; immediately after, 16.5 ± 2.5; 1 day, 15.7 ± 2.5; 3 days, 16.2 ± 2.6; 8 days, 15.6 ± 2.2, P < 0.001, respectively). By contrast, the dorsal height significantly increased from before and immediately after to 1 day after the marathon, and then significantly decreased until 8 days after the marathon (P < 0.001). These results indicate that the recovery patterns of the dorsal and navicular heights following a marathon did not coincide; the dorsal height rose temporally at 1 day after and subsequently decreased, but the navicular height decreased throughout the 8‐day period after the marathon. More than one week may be necessary for sufficient foot alignment recovery from marathon‐induced changes.
HOGMMNC: a higher order graph matching with multiple network constraints model for gene–drug regulatory modules identification
Authors: Chen Jiazhou , Peng Hong , Han Guoqiang , Cai Hongmin , Cai Jiulun 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Motivation
The emergence of large amounts of genomic, chemical, and pharmacological data provides new opportunities and challenges. Identifying gene–drug associations is not only crucial in providing a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drug action, but is also important in the development of effective treatments for patients. However, accurately determining the complex associations among pharmacogenomic data remains challenging. We propose a higher order graph matching with multiple network constraints (HOGMMNC) model to accurately identify gene–drug modules. The HOGMMNC model aims to capture the inherent structural relations within data drawn from multiple sources by hypergraph matching. The proposed technique seamlessly integrates prior constraints to enhance the accuracy and reliability of the identified relations. An effective numerical solution is combined with a novel sampling strategy to solve the problem efficiently.

Results
The superiority and effectiveness of our proposed method are demonstrated through a comparison with four state-of-the-art techniques using synthetic and empirical data. The experiments on synthetic data show that the proposed method clearly outperforms other methods, especially in the presence of noise and irrelevant samples. The HOGMMNC model identifies eighteen gene–drug modules in the empirical data. The modules are validated to have significant associations via pathway analysis. Significance: The modules identified by HOGMMNC provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of drug action and provide patients with more effective treatments. Our proposed method can be applied to the study of other biological correlated module identification problems (e.g. miRNA-gene, gene-methylation, and gene-disease).

Availability and implementation
A matlab package of HOGMMNC is available at https://github.com/scutbioinformatics/HOGMMNC/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.