bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interlaminar fracture toughness of flax, carbon, and hybrid flax carbon‐woven fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Jamil Abuzar , M.N. Prabhakar , Lee Dong Woo , Song Jung‐il 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe effect of the asymmetric distribution of woven flax fiber on the interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) is investigated experimentally via a double cantilever beam test, and the results are backed by analytical and numerical analysis. Four hybrid configurations are fabricated with different stacking sequences of (CFRP) and flax fiber‐reinforced polymer (FFRP) plies. The results of hybrid specimens are compared with those of all CFRP and all FFRP specimens. The hybrid composite with one carbon/flax fiber layer at the interface requires the highest critical energy release rate, GC, to initiate cracks. A resin layer on top of the flax plies and a carbon fiber imprint in that layer are observed, thus signifying an increase in GC for the hybrid composites with dissimilar interface layers. Varying the number of carbon/flax fiber layers at the interface adversely affects GC. Mode II contribution to the GC was verified analytically for asymmetric hybrid configurations. The agreement between experimental, numerical, and analytical results is excellent. The hybridization of flax with carbon enhances the fracture toughness of CFRP while providing an opportunity to achieve lightweight, high‐performance, and eco‐friendly structures.Highlights
Flax fiber is used to increase the fracture toughness (GC) of CFRP
Asymmetric carbon/flax fiber hybrid composites are designed for this purpose
One interface carbon/flax hybrid exhibits a 70% increase in GC
Blocking the plies together results in reduced GC and mode‐II fracture as well
Numerical and analytical analysis agrees well with experimental results
Multi‐objective optimization of ultrasonic vibration‐assisted drilling in carbon fiber reinforced polyetherketoneketone laminate
Authors: Wu Nan , Zhang Liqiang , Zhang Meihua , Zhao Man , Liu Gang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) possess excellent mechanical properties and also meet low‐carbon environmental standards, leading to their increasingly widespread application in recent years. To ensure the strength of mechanical connections, it is crucial to minimize drilling damage. This paper utilizes Ultrasonic Vibration‐Assisted Drilling (UVAD) to enhance hole‐making quality, comparing multiple drilling performance indicators with Conventional Drilling (CD), including thrust force, drilling temperature, delamination factor, and burr factor. The results demonstrate that UVAD significantly reduces thrust force and drilling temperature, decreases delamination and burring damage, and effectively improves hole quality. To further optimize processing parameters, the Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II) was used, targeting thrust force, Material removal rate (MRR), and delamination factor as optimization goals. The reliability of the model was verified through experimentations. This paper provides an effective technical approach for high‐quality drilling in CF/PEKK materials, offering significant practical application value for material processing in aerospace and other fields.Highlights
The quality of CF/PEKK processed by CD and UVAD was compared.
UVAD can effectively improve the quality of drilling.
The drilling parameters were optimized by NSGA‐II.
The reliability of the prediction model was verified by experiments.
Determination of high‐strength polymer composite reinforcement effect on the armor‐grade aluminum plates' explosion resistance—A computational perspective
Authors: Patel Murlidhar , Patel Shivdayal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe selection of highly efficient materials is a crucial task for designing protective structures or armor against extreme explosive loadings. Due to the high strength‐to‐weight ratio of various grades of aluminum alloys and composites, they are mostly preferred for making protective structures. Investigation of their explosion resistance characteristics through experiments is very costly, dangerous, and time‐consuming. Hence, the present work deals with a cost‐effective numerical analysis on explosion resistance performance evaluation of various armor‐grade aluminum alloy plates of the same areal densities under 1–3 kilograms of trinitrotoluene explosions at a 100 mm stand‐off distance. The superior‐performance aluminum alloy plate is further reinforced with a high‐strength carbon/epoxy polymer composite to enhance its performance. The masses of the plates are maintained constant throughout the study. The Johnson‐Cook rate‐dependent material model and a progressive damage model including Hashin with Puck‐Schumann failure criteria were used to determine the realistic failures in the aluminum alloys and polymer composites, respectively. The outcomes of the study showed that the AA7075‐T6 plate has the highest deformation resistance under extreme explosion loadings. Carbon fiber‐reinforced aluminum laminate (CRALL) showed improved deformation resistance and energy absorption than those of the same mass of monolithic plate.Highlights
Explosion resistance of various aluminum alloys of equal masses is compared.
AA7075‐T6 provides better protection against blast compared with other alloys.
To design CRALL, a carbon/epoxy composite used to reinforce the AA7075‐T6.
CRALL provides 16.3% smaller peak deflection than the same mass of AA7075‐T6.
CRALL improved energy absorption by 29.3% compared with same mass of AA7075‐T6.
Development of Flexible Hydrophobic Polypropylene/SPCB/GNP Hybrid Nanocomposite Films With Excellent EMI Shielding and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Somarajan Arjun , Paul Rhiya , Joseph Kuruvilla 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe demand for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials has driven the development of novel and facile approach for fabrication of conductive polymer nanocomposites. In this study, a polypropylene (PP)‐based hybrid nanocomposite was prepared by incorporating Super P conductive carbon black (SPCB) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) via latex technology. A simplistic method of fabrication was adopted where the nanofillers were stirred into the PP latex at room temperature, ensuring the proper dispersion of fillers within the matrix. Hybridizing the nanocomposite by the usage of two different fillers has resulted in a substantial improvement in EMI shielding performance of the material along with its mechanical and thermal properties. The samples were fabricated and tested in three different thicknesses to ensure that EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) is a thickness dependent property and also the studies were carried out over a broad range of microwave frequency. A high electrical conductivity of 7.6 S m−1 was obtained and exceptional EMI SE of 65 dB (X band), 69.76 dB (Ku band), and 72.38 dB (K band) was showcased by 2 mm thickness composites. The optical images of PP latex incorporated with the fillers gave a clear understanding about the formation of conducting networks within the polymer matrix at percolation threshold. The addition of SPCB and GNP also showed a significant increase in hardness and tensile strength of the composite and helped in protecting the polymer matrix against photo radiation. The fillers also aided in the enhancement of the hydrophobicity of the films. The thermal stability, crystallization temperature (T
C) and melting temperature (T
M) of the composites were also improved when compared to that of neat The works aims at fabricating a hydrophobic and low‐density polymer nanocomposite showing excellent absorption dominant EMI SE.
A Marine‐Derived Small Molecule Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth by Promoting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy
Authors: Ding Mao , He Mu , Li Dan , Ding Shuaishuai , Dong Chenjia , Zhao Hongchao , Song Huajie , Hong Kui , Zhu Hengcheng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMHO7 (6‐epi‐ophiobolin G), a novel component extracted from a mangrove fungus, exhibits significant anticancer effects against breast cancer. However, the precise mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of MHO7 in prostate cancer (PCa) is yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the effect of MHO7 on PCa cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism. A series of in vitro experiments were conducted, including Cell Counting Kit‐8, and plate clone formation assays, flow cytometry analysis, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and molecular dynamics simulation. Additionally, in vivo tumor xenograft models were employed. Our findings revealed that MHO7 could induce cellular autophagy at low concentration (2 μM) and apoptosis at relatively high concentration (4 and 8 μM), leading to significant PCa cell growth inhibition. Furthermore, MHO7 triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which subsequently stimulated autophagy and apoptosis via IRE1α/XBP‐1s signaling pathway activation. Notably, IRE1α knockdown markedly reduced MHO7‐induced autophagy and apoptosis. Moreover, MHO7 targeted the IRE1α protein, thereby enhancing its stability. MHO7 also exhibited substantial anticancer activity in tumor xenograft models. Our study revealed that MHO7 holds considerable potential as an anticancer agent against PCa, attributable to its activation of ER stress‐induced autophagy and apoptosis at different concentrations, facilitated by the upregulation of IRE1α expression.
Cooperative Spacing Control of Vehicle Platoon via Relative Output Feedback Considering Analog Fading Networks
Authors: Shen Zhiping , Guo Huarui , Liu Yonggui , Li Zeming , Wu Yilin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe influence of analog fading channels on platoon control performance is studied via relative output feedback. The main goal is to determine the existence of a distributed output feedback controller capable of achieving mean square stability (MSS) for the underlying vehicle platoon systems over analog fading channels. First, the conditions, closely associated with the statistical characteristics of fading channels, for achieving platoon MSS are derived for three cases: undirected information flow (UIF) topology with identical fading channels, balanced directed information flow (BDIF) topology with identical fading channels, and general information flow topology (IFT) with nonidentical fading channels, respectively. These conditions explicitly reveal how the statistical characteristics of fading channels and IFT jointly affect vehicular stability. Second, in order to mitigate the impact of fading channels on platoon MSS, some feasible dynamic observer‐based controllers by using the relative output feedback, are proposed for each one of the former two situations by solving the corresponding modified Riccati inequalities (MRIs); and in the last situation, by employing edge Laplacian to model the vehicle platoon dynamics, a sufficient condition based on the solution of an LMI, and a feasible state‐based controller based on the solution of an MRI, are provided. Finally, simulations are carried out to compare three distinct fading channels, namely the Nakagami channel, Rician channel, and Rayleigh channel. The outcomes substantiate the superior and effective performance of the implemented control methods in guaranteeing the platoon MSS.
Observer‐Based Attack Detection and Data‐Driven Resilient Control for Heterogeneous Nonlinear Nonaffine Mass Under FDI Attacks
Authors: Yang Chen , Che Wei‐Wei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe attack detection and data‐driven resilient control problem for heterogeneous nonlinear nonaffine multi‐agent systems (MASs) in the presence of intermittent false data injection (FDI) attacks is investigated in this article. First, an attack detection and isolation mechanism based on the distributed observer are designed to determine the attack signals and isolate the attacked communication links in time. Then, in order to solve the problem of the unknown system model, the dynamic linearization method is used to convert the nonlinear nonaffine MASs into an equivalent linear data model. Further, based on the linear data model, the data‐driven resilient controller with the attack isolation mechanism is designed to achieve the leader‐following tracking control objective. Finally, the simulation result illustrates the performance of the proposed scheme with comparisons.
European waste management regulations in Spanish local administrations: Compliance assessment and integration Frontiers
Authors: Sobrino‐García Itziar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research analyzes the impact of European directives, particularly the Waste Framework Directive, on municipal waste management in Spain, with a focus on Law 7/2022 promoting circular economy principles. Through an assessment of waste management ordinances in 980 municipalities, the study found that over 60% of local ordinances have not yet fully incorporated the latest regulatory requirements, indicating significant delays in adapting to European regulations. The findings reveal notable disparities in compliance, with larger municipalities showing higher adaptation rates compared to smaller ones. Additionally, regions like Catalonia and the Balearic Islands have adopted innovative approaches, including ‘pay‐as‐you‐throw’ schemes and community composting. The study underscores the critical need for better integration of circular economy principles, enhanced monitoring, and increased public awareness to promote sustainable waste management practices. By identifying regulatory gaps, this research aims to provide practical insights for improving local waste management policies and fostering greater compliance with EU mandates.
Quinoline Based thiazolidinediones: Design, Synthesis, In Silico, In Vitro, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Evaluation
Authors: Mohd Sharfuddin , Bidye Durgesh Paresh , Dixit Sheshagiri R , Revanasiddappa B. C. , Harish Vancha , Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Vikas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the present research work a sequence of substituted quinoline based thiazolidinedione moieties (12a–h) were designed and synthesized as potential antidiabetic agents. Pancreatic α‐amylase (PAA) and intestinal α‐glucosidase (IAG) enzymes were considered as potential targets for effective treatment of diabetes. The potential of all compounds (12a–h) was assessed in vitro against PAA and IAG using acarbose as standard. The results suggested that compound 12h has shown superior PAA and IAG inhibitory activity with respective to standard (IC50 = 4.683 ± 0.06 µM and 2.456 ± 0.07 µM). Furthermore, using computational (in silico) studies like AutoDock and Desmond, predicted the significant binding interactions responsible for the activity of all compounds (12a–h) at the active site of enzymes, while SwissADME and Osiris property explorer tools computed in silico drug likeliness and toxicity properties. The RMSD, RMSF, Rg and protein ligand contacts, confirmed the stable binding of compound 12h and 12g with the both PAA and IAG proteins. The in silico results confirmed the 12h molecule as a superior drug with high binding affinity and good drug likeness against PAA and IAG, confirming in vitro results. We also studied antioxidant activity (AOA) of all synthesized compounds and results confined that the compound 12h has good antioxidant potential (IC50 = 5.04 ± 0.054 µM) among all other compounds. In conclusion, in vitro, in silico and antioxidant studies revealed 12h compound was found to be potential compound.
Anticancer Activity of Green Synthesized Manganese Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Using Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract
Authors: Nayak Nibedita , Suryakanta Uday , Mandal Dindyal , Sahoo Tapas Ranjan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPure CeO2 and Ce1‐xMnxO2, where x = 0, 2, 4 and 6% w/w, were synthesized by sol‐gel method using Acacia Concinna fruit extract as a surfactant and stabilizing agent. The synthesized particles were subjected to various characterization techniques, including XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, FTIR, Raman and UV‐Visible spectroscopy. The XRD pattern of the samples demonstrated single phase of CeO2, with cubic fluorite type structure and crystallite size of 6–7 nm. The morphology of the nanoparticles (NPs) was analyzed by FESEM and HRTEM which illustrated an aggregate of irregular spherical nanoparticles and the average particle size is around 18 nm. Raman spectroscopy validated the phase purity and indicated about the structural defects caused by the dopants. The bandgap energy of CeO2 NPs is calculated to be 3.00 eV from the Tauc plot of UV‐Visible spectroscopy, which gradually decreased to 2.43 eV with increase in manganese doping. Cytotoxicity studies signified the role of Mn‐doped CeO2 NPs as a potential nanotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment. The cell viability assay showed that 200 µg/mL of 6% Mn‐doped CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effect by inhibiting 50% of cancer cells both in breast and colon cancer cell lines without affecting the healthy cell lines.
Aryl/Hetero‐Aryl Tosylates as Coupling Partners in Metal‐Mediated Suzuki and Hiyama Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Ionic Liquids: Ligand‐Free Facile Synthesis of Biaryls/Heterobiaryls
Authors: Jadhav Vinod , Kurahatti Sunita , Anchi Athmanand , Jamadar Imamhusen , Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Sutar Suraj M. , Kurkuri Mahaveer , Refat Moamen S. , Alsuhaibani Amnah Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiverse libraries of biaryls/heterobiaryls were synthesized by aryl/hetero‐aryl tosylates as coupling partners in the ligand‐free, Ni‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction, and Pd‐catalyzed Hiyama cross‐coupling reaction in ionic liquids (ILs) as green solvent. In this method easily available and economically viable tosylates were coupled with readily available boronic acids and phenyltriethoxysilanes in Suzuki and Hiyama cross‐coupling respectively to yield the corresponding biaryls/heterobiaryls. Mild reaction condition(s), easy workup, moderate to excellent yield of the isolated pure products, wide substrate scope, and recycling/reuse of the ILs are the advantages of this method over the other reported methods.
Preventing Nitrite Desorption via Switching Hydrogenation Position: A Dual‐Site Approach for Selective Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Meng Xianbin , Wang Kui , Zhao Zhiqiang , Li Kai , Sun Wenming , Lin Yuqing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR), which converts harmful nitrates into valuable ammonia (NH3) with zero carbon emission, is one of the most promising alternatives to the Haber–Bosch process. However, the NO3RR process is complex and involves multiple proton‐coupled electron transfers that generate intermediates or byproducts, such as NO2−, resulting in low ammonia yields and faradaic efficiency (FE). Herein, by constructing a FeCu bimetallic catalyst (FeCu‐NC), the hydrogenation position of *NO3 is switched at the FeCu dual‐atom site, preventing the desorption of *NO2 intermediate. Furthermore, electron transfer from Cu to Fe sites mimics the electron flow direction in natural nitrite reductase enzymes and accelerates the reduction of *NO2 to NH3, achieving efficient conversion of NO3− to NH3. A 24‐hour electrocatalytic experiment with FeCu‐NC demonstrates negligible NO2− formation throughout the NO3RR process, with an ammonia production rate of 6.13 mg h−1 mgcat−1 and an impressive FE of 95%, which are remarkably superior in comparison to most of the NO3RR electrocatalysts. This work opens new avenues for the fundamental understanding of catalytic mechanisms and the development of next‐generation catalysts for sustainable ammonia production.
Unveiling the Key Obstacle in Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Reaction on Poly (heptazine imide) Semiconductors
Authors: Pan Zhiming , Zhang Guigang , Zhang Xirui , Xing Wandong , Zheng Dandan , Wang Sibo , Hou Yidong , Wang Xinchen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPoly (heptazine imide) (PHI), a classic 2D polymeric photocatalyst, represents a promising organic semiconductor for photocatalytic overall water splitting (POWS). However, since the key bottleneck in POWS of PHI remains unclear, its quantum efficiency of POWS is extremely restrained. To identify the key obstacle in POWS on the PHI, a series of PHI with different stacking modes is synthesized by tuning interlayer cations. The structural characterizations revealed that tuning the interlayer cations of PHI can induce rearrangements in interlayer stacking modes. Additionally, charge carriers dynamics uncover that optimizing the interlayer stacking modes of PHI can promote exciton diffusion and prolong the photoexcited electron lifetimes, thus improving the concentration of surface‐reaching charge. More importantly, this confirms that the POWS activity of PHI is closely correlated with the interlayer stacking modes. This work offers new insight into structural regulation for governing charge‐transport dynamics and the activity of 2D polymeric photocatalysts.
Sperm Cryopreservation in Canaries to Protect Endangered Songbird Species: Comparison of Different Cryoprotectants
Authors: Onur Özkök Arda , Esin Burcu , Akal Eser 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSperm cryopreservation is a rather complex process that needs to be adapted to wild and domestic bird species to ensure adequate efficiency. This study aimed to determine the usability of different cryoprotectants in the cryopreservation of Gloster canary sperm. For this purpose, sperm samples were collected from 12 2‐year‐old male Gloster canaries three times a week using cloacal massage for 4 weeks. After individual evaluation, sperm samples from the canaries were combined. Mixed sperm were divided into two groups in the study. Overall, 8% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) were used as cryoprotectants. Sperm samples were drawn into straws after adding Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) extender with high glucose ratio and two different cryoprotectants in a 1:1 ratio and frozen to −80°C with liquid nitrogen vapour and then stored in liquid nitrogen at −196°C. Frozen‐thawed semen samples were evaluated regarding motility, vitality, plasma membrane integrity (hypoosmotic swelling test [HOST]), density and abnormal spermatozoa rate. The highest motility value after freezing and thawing was determined in the EG group with 31.667% ± 4.773%. In addition, vitality, plasma membrane integrity and normal sperm morphology were statistically significantly higher in the EG‐frozen group, whereas head and tail abnormality was low (p < 0.05). This study determined that a DMEM extender containing 8% EG was more advantageous than a DMEM containing DMSO regarding spermatological parameters and could be used for long‐term storage of canary sperm.