bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
River Metabolism along a Latitudinal Gradient across Japan and in a global scale
Authors: Gurung Anandeeta , Iwata Tomoya , Nakano Daisuke , Urabe Jotaro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSince temperature is a key factor affecting photosynthetic and respiration rates, the rates of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) are expected to be lower for rivers at higher latitudes, while the net ecosystem production (NEP) rate likely decrease in rivers at lower latitude due to higher sensitivity of ER to temperature compared with GPP. To examine these possibilities, we estimated the ecosystem metabolism of 30 rivers located from 43.03°N to 32.38°N in Japan during summer using a Bayesian model with hourly changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations. In addition, we examined latitudinal trends of GPP, ER and NEP in a global scale by compiling and analyzing river metabolic data estimated in previous studies. Our analysis showed that both GPP and ER tended to increase with latitude, although these rates were positively related to water temperature in Japanese rivers. Global dataset of GPP and ER also showed increasing trend towards higher latitude. In addition, contrary to our initial expectations, NEP decreased with latitude and most rivers were net heterotrophic at both regional (Japanese rivers) and global scales. These results imply that the latitudinal temperature effect on river metabolism is masked by other factors not examined in this study, such as land use in the watershed, which play pivotal roles in explaining the latitudinal variation of river metabolism.
Descriptive Epidemiology of New Zealand’s Highest Mortality Earthquake: Hawke’s Bay in 1931
Authors: Clement Christine , Abeling Shannon , Deely Joanne , Teng Andrea , Thomson George , Johnston David , Wilson Nick 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study we aimed to produce the first detailed analysis of the epidemiology of the severe injury and mortality impacts of the 1931 Hawke’s Bay earthquake in New Zealand (NZ). This involved the compilation and analysis of archival data (hospitalisations and deaths) including the examination of 324 death certificates. We found that there were 662 people for whom some hospitalisation data were available at four weeks post-earthquake: 54% were still in hospital, 4% were still classified as “serious”, and 5% had died (n = 28). Our classification of death certificate data indicated 256 earthquake-attributable deaths and for another five deaths the earthquake was estimated to have played an indirect role. There were 15 buildings associated with three or more deaths each (accounting for 58% of deaths with a known location). Many of these buildings were multi-storey and involved unreinforced masonry – with some of this falling into the street and killing people there (19% of deaths). In contrast, deaths in homes, which were typically of wood construction and single stories, comprised only 3% of deaths. In conclusion, this earthquake had a relatively high injury impact that appears partly related to the lack of regulations for building construction that would mitigate earthquake-related risk. Such regulations continue to be of relevance for New Zealand and for other countries in earthquake zones.
Iron transitions during activation of allosteric heme proteins in cell signaling
Authors: Négrerie Michel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Allosteric heme proteins can fulfill a very large number of different functions thanks to the remarkable chemical versatility of heme through the entire living kingdom. Their efficacy resides in the ability of heme to transmit both iron coordination changes and iron redox state changes to the protein structure. Besides the properties of iron, proteins may impose a particular heme geometry leading to distortion, which allows selection or modulation of the electronic properties of heme. This review focusses on the mechanisms of allosteric protein activation triggered by heme coordination changes following diatomic binding to proteins as diverse as the human NO-receptor, cytochromes, NO-transporters and sensors, and a heme-activated potassium channel. It describes at the molecular level the chemical capabilities of heme to achieve very different tasks and emphasizes how the properties of heme are determined by the protein structure. Particularly, this reviews aims at giving an overview of the exquisite adaptability of heme, from bacteria to mammals.
Elevated lipoprotein (a) levels are associated with the acute myocardial infarction in patients with normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels
Authors: Cai Gaojun , Huang Zhiying , Zhang Bifeng , Yu Lei , Li Li 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Elevated lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk has been renewed interested in recent years. However, the association between Lp(a) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) risk in patients with normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels has yet to been established. A hospital-based observational study including 558 AMI patients and 1959 controls was conducted. Lp(a) level was significantly higher in AMI patients with normal LDL-C levels than that in non-CAD group (median: 134.5 mg/l vs 108 mg/l, P&lt;0.001). According to Lp(a) quartiles (Q1, &lt;51 mg/l; Q2, 51–108 mg/l; Q3, 108–215 mg/l; Q4, ≥215 mg/l), the incidence of AMI increased with the elevated Lp(a) quartiles (P&lt;0.001 and P for trend&lt;0.001). Logistic regression analysis suggested that patients with Q3 and Q4 of Lp(a) values had 1.666 (95%CI = 1.230–2.257, P&lt;0.001) and 1.769 (95%CI = 1.305–2.398, P&lt; 0.001) folds of AMI risk compared with patients with Q1, after adjusting for traditional confounders. Subgroup analyses stratified by gender and age showed that the association only existed in male and late-onset subgroups. In addition, we analyzed the association of Lp(a) with AMI risk in different cut-off values (cut-off 1 = 170 mg/l, cut-off 2 = 300 mg/l). A total of 873 (34.68%) and 432 (17.16%) participants were measured to have higher Lp(a) levels according to cut-off 1 and cut-off 2, respectively. Participants with high Lp(a) levels had 1.418- (cut-off1, 95%CI = 1.150–1.748, P&lt;0.001) and 1.521- (cut-off 2, 95%CI = 1.179–1.963, P&lt; 0.001) folds of AMI risk compared with patients with low Lp(a) levels. The present large-scale study revealed that elevated Lp(a) levels were associated with increased AMI risk in Chinese population with normal LDL-C levels.
Identifying Children at Risk for Developmental Language Disorder Using a Brief, Whole-Classroom Screen
Authors: Hendricks Alison Eisel , Adlof Suzanne M. , Alonzo Crystle N. , Fox Annie B. , Hogan Tiffany P. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine whether parents of children with developmental language disorder (DLD) were aware of their children's language difficulties and whether a brief, classroom-based language screen can reliably identify children at risk for DLD, including those with both good and poor word reading skills.

Method

First- and second-grade students (
N
= 97) completed a language screen and assessments of nonverbal intelligence, word reading, and language designed for linguistically diverse students. Their parents completed a questionnaire.

Results
Few parents of children with DLD reported that their child had ever received speech, language, reading, or other educational services. Parents of children with DLD with average word reading skills reported receiving services approximately half as often as children with DLD with poor word reading. Parents of children with DLD also reported few concerns about their children's speech, language, and academic development. The brief whole-classroom screen showed acceptable classification accuracy for identifying children with DLD overall, although sensitivity was lower for children with DLD with average word reading skills.

Conclusion
Based on reports of prior services and concerns, many parents of children with DLD appear to be unaware of their children's difficulty with oral language. Whole-classroom screens for language show potential for efficient identification of children who may benefit from comprehensive assessments for DLD without relying on their parents or teachers to raise concerns.
Contribution of time delays to p53 oscillation in DNA damage response
Authors: Wang Conghua , Liu Haihong , Zhou Jin 
Published: March 2019

Although the oscillatory dynamics of the p53 network have been extensively studied, the understanding of the mechanism of delay‐induced oscillations is still limited. In this paper, a comprehensive mathematical model of p53 network is studied, which contains two delayed negative feedback loops. By studying the model with and without explicit delays, the results indicate that the time delay of Mdm2 protein synthesis can well control the pulse shape but cannot induce p53 oscillation alone, while the time delay required for Wip1 protein synthesis induces a Hopf bifurcation to drive p53 oscillation. In addition, the synergy of the two delays will cause the p53 network to oscillate in advance, indicating that p53 begins the repair process earlier in the damaged cell. Furthermore, the stability and bifurcation of the model are addressed, which may highlight the role of time delay in p53 oscillations.
Interdisziplinäre Behandlung von Patienten mit angeborenen Fehlbildungen – Zusammenhang zwischen Dysfunktion und Dysgnathie
Authors: Kruse Teresa , Braumann Bert 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel erklärt den Zusammenhang von Dysfunktion und Dysgnathie am Beispiel von kranio- und orofazialen Fehlbildungen. Einerseits verhindert eine gestörte Form eine normale Funktion: bei Patienten mit Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalte beeinträchtigt die gestörte Morphologie Aussprache, Gehör, Zahn-/Kieferstellung, Ästhetik und soziales Verhalten. Die Rekonstruktion der gespaltenen Strukturen, d. h. der Form, steht im Zentrum der Rehabilitation und stellt eine wichtige Voraussetzung für das Erlangen einer ungestörten Funktion dar. Andererseits verschlechtert eine gestörte Funktion die Form: die Einlagerung der Zunge in den Spaltbereich verhindert ein sich Annähern der Spaltsegmente. Eine Gaumenplatte normalisiert die Zungenfunktion und durch gezieltes Einschleifen der Apparatur wird das Wachstum der Spaltsegmente gesteuert. Ausgeprägte Atemstörungen können bei Neugeborenen mit Pierre-Robin-Sequenz lebensbedrohlich sein. Eine modifizierte Gaumenplatte verhindert die Glossoptose und sichert den Atemweg; über die Normalisierung der Funktion wird, bei angeborener mandibulärer Retrognathie, ein koordinierter Ablauf von Ober- und Unterkieferwachstum ermöglicht. Das Zusammenspiel zwischen Form und Funktion zeigt sich in der Verstärkung der Dysmorphie durch Dysfunktion, aber auch in der wechselseitigen Verbesserung während der sehr frühen Therapie. Übertragen auf Patienten ohne angeborene Fehlbildung erklärt sich, weshalb gewisse Dysgnathien früh behandelt werden sollten.
Sexuelle Erfahrungen und sexuelle Orientierung von Transgender-Jugendlichen
Authors: Stübler Marie Louise , Becker-Hebly Inga 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Eine körpermedizinische Behandlung bei erwachsenen Transgender-Personen steht mit positiven Ergebnissen bezüglich der sexuellen Zufriedenheit in Zusammenhang sowie im Jugendalter mit einem verbesserten psychosozialen Wohlbefinden. Dennoch gibt es bisher nur eine Studie, die die sexuellen und romantischen Erfahrungen von Transgender-Jugendlichen vor Beginn einer solchen Behandlung untersucht hat.
Forschungsziele Ziel war es, das Sexualverhalten von unbehandelten Transgender-Jugendlichen, die in der Hamburger Spezialsprechstunde die Diagnose Geschlechtsdysphorie erhalten hatten, zu untersuchen.
Methoden Es wurden die Häufigkeitsangaben zu sexuellen Erfahrungen aus den Fragebogen-Sets von n = 126 unbehandelten Transgender-Jugendlichen im Alter von 15.6 Jahren deskriptiv ausgewertet. Dabei wurde zudem nach Geschlecht und Altersgruppen unterschieden sowie nach dem Ausmaß der sozialen Transition.
Ergebnisse Während die Mehrzahl der befragten Jugendlichen schon einmal verliebt (85 %) bzw. in einer festen Partnerschaft (65 %) war und etwa die Hälfte der Befragten sexuelle Fantasien und Masturbation berichtete, waren sie in den körperlich-sexuellen und Partner*innen-assoziierten Erfahrungsbereichen weniger erfahren. Weniger als die Hälfte (44 %) berichtete von intimen sexuellen Erfahrungen mit anderen Jugendlichen oder Geschlechtsverkehr (knapp 14 %). Ältere Jugendliche (15–18 Jahre) und jene, die bereits eine soziale Transition vollzogen hatten, machten vergleichsweise mehr sexuelle Erfahrungen als jüngere Jugendliche (11–14 Jahre) oder jene, die überwiegend in der Rolle des Zuweisungsgeschlechts lebten.
Schlussfolgerung Die befragten Transgender-Jugendlichen machten nicht die sexuell-körperlichen Partner*innen-assoziierten Erfahrungen, die andere Jugendliche im gleichen Alter machen. Dieser Befund verweist auf die mögliche Bedeutung einer Transition im Jugendalter für die psychosexuelle Entwicklung. Ebenso verweist er auf die Bedeutung des Schutzraums einer psychosozialen Beratung oder Therapie für Transgender-Jugendliche, um sexualitätsbezogene Themen bei Bedarf besprechen zu können.
Lebenslanges Lernen und Unsicherheitstoleranz in der transkulturellen Behandlung
Authors: Steinhäuser Theresa , Schlunk Johanna , Schödwell Steffen , Auckenthaler Anna 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen den Schwierigkeiten, die in der transkulturellen Behandlung aus Sicht von Fachkräften auftreten können, und ihrem professionellen Selbstverständnis.
Methodik Problemzentrierte Interviews mit 30 Fachkräften aus psychosozialen Gesundheitsberufen.
Ergebnisse Ein professionelles Selbstverständnis, das auf lebenslanges Lernen setzt, scheint den Umgang mit wahrgenommenen Schwierigkeiten zu erleichtern.
Schlussfolgerung Für die Förderung von transkultureller Kompetenz bedarf es reflexionsförderlicher Rahmenbedingungen und längerfristiger Begleitung (z. B. in Form von Supervision).
Selbstmanagement Interventionen in der Behandlung depressiver Störungen: reif für die klinische Praxis?
Authors: Klein Jan Philipp , Berger Thomas , Hautzinger Martin , Lutz Wolfgang , Rose Matthias , Späth Christina , Schröder Johanna , Hohagen Fritz , Moritz Steffen 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungNur etwa die Hälfte derjenigen, die an einer depressiven Störung leiden, sucht auch eine Behandlung auf. Selbstmanagement Interventionen sind eine Möglichkeit, diese Behandlungslücke zu reduzieren. Diese Interventionen basieren meist auf evidenzbasierten Techniken der Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie, welche statt durch einen Therapeuten durch ein Computerprogramm vermittelt werden. Zahlreiche Studien belegen die Wirksamkeit dieser Interventionen. Diese Studien werfen allerdings auch eine Reihe an Fragen auf. Diese betreffen die Wirksamkeit sowohl im Fremdrating als auch im Langzeitverlauf und die Wirksamkeit bei schwerer depressiver Symptomatik oder in der Kombination mit antidepressiver Medikation. Schließlich stellt sich die Frage nach dem Einsatz dieser Interventionen bei Patienten in der klinischen Praxis und bei Menschen, die nicht besonders internetaffin sind. Diese Fragen haben wir im Rahmen einer großen randomisiertenStudie adressiert (EVIDENT-Studie). In dieser Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit Intervention deprexis® untersucht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie werden in dieser Übersicht zusammengefasst und in den Kontext anderer in Deutschland verfügbarer Interventionen gestellt.
Interference of Monoclonal Gammopathy with Fibrinogen Assay Producing Spurious Dysfibrinogenemia
Authors: Martini Francesca , Cecconi Nadia , Paolicchi Aldo , Galimberti Sara , Cervetti Giulia , Buda Gabriele , Petrini Mario 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAbnormal coagulation properties indicative of a dysfibrinogenemia were found in the plasma of an asymptomatic 65-year-old male. An immunoglobulin k light chain was found to interfere with Fg functional assay and coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time). Steroid therapy reduced the inhibitory effect (after dexamethasone treatment coagulation test and functional Fg value normalized). Spurious dysfibrinogenemia associated with light chain monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance was diagnosed.
Strong triaxial coupling and anomalous Poisson effect in collagen networks
Authors: Ban Ehsan , Wang Hailong , Franklin J. Matthew , Liphardt Jan T. , Janmey Paul A. , Shenoy Vivek B. 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Networks of collagen fibers are the primary mechanical component of the extracellular matrix of many soft tissues. In common pathological and physiological conditions, collagen networks experience a combination of multiaxial and shear deformation modes. Here, we show that the fibrous nature of the extracellular matrix leads to strong coupling between these modes due to bending, buckling, and stretching of the fibers. We have developed a 3D framework to describe the unusual nonlinear mechanics of these networks, in particular, the abnormally large lateral contraction and concomitant stiffening when stretched. Our model can guide improved design of engineered tissues for regenerative medicine and identify the mechanisms of pathological stiffening of extracellular matrices and their interactions with cells in cancer and fibrosis.
Thermo-metallo-mechanical modelling of heat treatment induced residual stress in Ti–6Al–4V alloy
Authors: Rae W. 
Published: March 2019

Residual stress fields dynamically fluctuate throughout the manufacturing process of metallic components and are caused by local misfit of a thermal, mechanical or metallurgical nature. Recent advances have been made in the area of microstructure and residual stress prediction; yet few have considered dual-phase titanium alloys. The aim of the work presented was to carry out a review of the existing state-of-the-art in residual stress modelling with an intended application to industrial heat treatment of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Four areas were evaluated: thermal, mechanical and metallurgical sub-models, and model validation via residual stress measurement. Recommendations for future research include further investigation of transformation induced plasticity and stress relaxation behaviour in Ti–6Al–4V. This review was submitted as part of the 2019 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged.
Topology optimization of self-sensing nanocomposite structures with designed boundary conditions
Authors: Seifert Ryan , Patil Mayuresh , Seidel Gary 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Controlling volume fractions of nanoparticles in a matrix can have a substantial influence on composite performance. This paper presents a topology optimization algorithm that designs nanocomposite structures for objectives pertaining to stiffness and strain sensing. Local effective properties are obtained by controlling local volume fractions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in an epoxy matrix, which are assumed to be well dispersed and randomly oriented. The method is applied to the optimization of a plate with a hole structure. Several different allowable CNT volume fraction constraints are examined, and the results show a tradeoff in preferred CNT distributions for the two objectives. It is hypothesized that the electrode location plays an important role in the strain sensing performance, and a surrogate model is developed to incorporate the electrode boundary as a set of additional design variables. It is shown that optimizing the topology and boundary electrode location together leads to further improvements in resistance change.
Engineering tunable local loss in a synthetic lattice of momentum states
Authors: Lapp Samantha , Ang’ong’a Jackson , An Fangzhao Alex , Gadway Bryce 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Dissipation can serve as a powerful resource for controlling the behavior of open quantum systems. Recently there has been a surge of interest in the influence of dissipative coupling on large quantum systems and, more specifically, how these processes can influence band topology and phenomena like many-body localization. Here, we explore the engineering of local, tunable dissipation in so-called synthetic lattices, arrays of quantum states that are parametrically coupled in a fashion analogous to quantum tunneling. Considering the specific case of momentum-state lattices, we investigate two distinct mechanisms for engineering controlled loss: one relying on an explicit form of dissipation by spontaneous emission, and another relying on reversible coupling to a large reservoir of unoccupied states. We experimentally implement the latter and demonstrate the ability to tune the local loss coefficient over a large range. The introduction of controlled loss to the synthetic lattice toolbox promises to pave the way for studying the interplay of dissipation with topology, disorder, and interactions.
Normalized solutions to the mixed dispersion nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the mass critical and supercritical regime
Authors: Bonheure Denis , Casteras Jean-Baptiste , Gou Tianxiang , Jeanjean Louis 
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we study the existence of solutions to the mixed dispersion nonlinear Schrödinger equation
\[

γ

Δ
2

u
−
Δ
u
+
α
u
=

|

u

|

2
σ

u
,

u
∈

H
2

(

R

N

)
,

\gamma \Delta ^2 u -\Delta u + \alpha u=|u|^{2 \sigma } u, \qquad u \in H^2({\mathbb {R}}^N),

\]
under the constraint
\[

∫

R

N

|

u

|

2

d
x
=
c
>
0.

\int _{{\mathbb {R}}^N}|u|^2 \, dx =c>0.

\]
We assume that

γ
>
0
,
N
≥
1
,
4
≤
σ
N
>

4
N

(
N
−
4

)
+

\gamma >0, N \geq 1, 4 \leq \sigma N > \frac {4N}{(N-4)^+}

, whereas the parameter

α
∈

R

\alpha \in {\mathbb {R}}

will appear as a Lagrange multiplier. Given

c
∈

R

+

c \in {\mathbb {R}}^+

, we consider several questions including the existence of ground states and of positive solutions and the multiplicity of radial solutions. We also discuss the stability of the standing waves of the associated dispersive equation.