bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
"Iraqi diplomacy towards the Arab world before 2018" "Analytical study"
Authors: Majeed Ayad Abdulkarim , Mohammed Burhan Ali 
Published: March 2019

Talk about the Iraqi diplomacy towards the Arab world after 2003, I mean talk about the pivotal and important stage in the history of modern Iraq, as this stage, represented an important turning point in Iraq's history of diplomacy towards the Arab yolk, this stage has been associated with an important event \ in the history of the Arab nation, namely the occupation of Iraq and change its political system.
And characterized the Iraqi diplomacy during the period that followed in 2003, a large led to a lot of the obvious failures in completing the required level of the new Iraqi diplomatic tasks, because of problems that were dictated quotas base broad form, especially in the political sphere, one of the conditions weakened external political action, as well as about conflict in the constitutional powers between the central government and local governments, and the Iraqi diplomatic suffered during the last term of conflicting political visions that represent different views of the Iraqi political forces to participate in power over many of the key variables that Iraqi foreign political control and determine the quality of international relations.
However, the Iraqi diplomacy was not without achievements during the last term and they seem to be enhanced during the next phase, especially in light of the emergence of new political forces that new political movement based on the conviction is pushing for change, and therefore it is expected that the Iraqi diplomatic based in the coming period on a set of the basic principles that will support its foreign policy, and perhaps the most prominent of those principles
The most prominent political ideas of the BRICS group
Authors: Zaidan Saja Fattah 
Published: March 2019

BRICS is a model of intellectual diversity. The group comprises five countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), which are the initials of the names of these countries, and the intellectual diversity emanating from the ideas of the systems and societies of these countries individually, as well as their ideas combined Through joint action within this international community, the constituent countries of this group are culturally diverse (Asian, Latin, African and European civilizations), and these civilizations carry a dynamic and effective intellectual structure in the international system in general.
Is an international group working to promote economic and commercial cooperation among member states. The issues that the BRICS Group has been following include the economic issues that the group has created for it. It is prepared for political and international issues such as international terrorism, climate change, food, energy security, development problems and the financial crisis. And other projects in addition to highlighting globalization and its political implications.
Iraq and the new Middle East project Israeli vision
Authors: Khattab Nathira Mahmoud 
Published: March 2019

The topic area of that’s research dealing with Great Middle East project, that’s project which associated with Israeli project and its vision for the region, the importance of that’s plans concerning with Arabic –Israeli conflict and Israeli plans for Iraq after 2003, the premise of that’s paper based upon essential theme, that’s theme its similarities between American project and Israeli one, by objectives and means, that’s make the successful of that’s plans are highly expected.
The research argued the causes of occupation of Iraq and possibility to make Iraq leadership more cooperative with American and Israeli projects.
Kajian Sifat Modulus Elastisitas Dan Konsistensi Tanah lempung Lunak Pontianak Terhadap Penurunan Elastis akibat Adanya Beban Struktur Bangunan Di permukaan
Authors: Marsudi Marsudi 
Published: March 2019

Penyelidikan mengenai sifat modulus elastisitas (E) dan Konsistensi tanah lempung lunak memerlukan penyelidikan yang teliti, mengingat kondisi tanah lempung permukaan di wilayah Kota Pontianak mempunyai sifat keteknikan yang rumit dan beragam akibat kandungan material organik (tanah gambut) cukup tinggi. Perencanaan bangunan tinggi sangat memerlukan penyelidikan sifat-sifat tanah (soil properties) khususnya sifat modulus elastisitas tanah (E) dan konsistensi tanah yang berhubungan langsung dengan proses elastic settlement setelah struktur bangunan dikerjakan (dibangun).Sifat modulus elastis dan konsistensi tanah lempung dapat dipakai sebagai acuan dasar untuk perencanaan bangunan wilayah kota, mengingat pesatnya perkembangan bangunan tinggi di Pontianak. Hasil luaran diharapkan berupa peta sebaran sifat modulus elastisitas dan konsistensi tanah akan dapat dipakai sebagai acuan/arahan dalam memperkirakan besarnya penurunan bangunan, sehingga dapat diantisipasi dengan perkuatan tanah untuk mengefisienkan biaya bagi pelaku pembangunan di dalam mendesain dan merencanakan bangunan tinggi tersebut.Penelitian ini mempelajari sifat modulus elastisitas dan konsistensi lapisan lempung yang berada di permukaan tanah hingga kedalaman 6 m, yang biasa dipakai sebagai penopang pondasi bangunan. Uji laboratorium mekanika tanah dengan Oedometer untuk konsolidasi, Triaxial Undrained Consolidation (CU) dan Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai elastisitas modulus tanah yang berhubungan dengan perhitungan settlement elastic akibat beban bangunan per satuan luas. Kata Kunci :Modulus Elastisitas dan kosistensi tanah
CONDYLAR FRACTURE;
Authors: Ashraf Usman , Ahmed Shaheen , Hafeez Shaikh Abdul , Iqbal Noureen , Abbas Zaidi Syed Jaffar , Hasan Umer , Ali Anwar 
Published: March 2019

Background: This study was conducted tocompare treatment outcomes of condylar fracture fixation usingeither single or double non-compressive mini plates. Study Design: Interventional study. Setting: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. IshratulIbad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences. Period: July 2017 till December 2017. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 participants were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, each consisting of 15 participants.Patients treated with a single non-compression miniplate were placed in group 1, while those patients whose fractures were reduced and fixed by double non-compression mini plates were placed in group 2. Outcomes assessed were intraoperative time, deviation on mouth opening, malocclusion, plate bending, function of facial muscles and the relative cost of implants. Results: Out of a total of thirty patients, it was observed that those patients who were randomly assigned group 2 had better treatment outcomes and less complications as compared to the other group. Three patients with malocclusion were seen in group 1 compared with only a single case seen in group 2. Greater number of plate bending with susceptibility to plate fracture was also observed in Group 1. Conclusion: It can thus be concluded that using two plates for condylar fracture represents a more stable and sustainable solution with less complications in providing osteosynthesis.
ACUTE ABDOMEN;
Authors: Zarin Mohammad , Zeb Junaid , Khan Muhammad Asim , Maroof Syed Asad , Ibrar Somia 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: To assess the role of laparoscopy in patients presented with acute abdomen, to know the extent of its diagnostic and therapeutic role. And to know that how frequent the laparoscopic procedure is converted into open surgical procedures. Study Design: Prospective cross sectional study. Setting: Department of surgery Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Period: July 2015-july 2017. Methodology: A total of 240 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected randomly for study. Data was collected by using pre designed questionnaire after informed consent from patient and analyzed by SPSS 17. Results: Out of our total sample, 155(64.6%) were males while 85(35.4%) females. Mean age of patients was 32±11 years. 52(21.6%) were diabetics, 45(18.7%) were hypertensive while 37(15.4%) were smokers. Laparoscopy was successful in diagnosing all cases. After diagnosis 212(88.3%) patients were managed primarily by laparoscopy at the same procedure while 28(11.7%) patients were subjected to open procedure. All patients were followed post operatively till time of discharge. Average hospital stay was 6±4 days. Outcome showed that 3(1.2%) patients were expired in which 2 were having mesenteric ischemia and 1 had ruptured ectopic pregnancy while 237(98.7%) were discharged. Conclusion: Laparoscopy in cases of acute abdomen was noted as safe and accurate procedure with decrease mortality and morbidity. Moreover it is an authentic tool for diagnosis with high diagnostic accuracy. It also helps in management at same time and aid in further curse of management.
BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST;
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Ashafaq Umair , Aslam Mohammad 
Published: March 2019

Background: Branchial cleft cyst is rare congenital anomaly and most common cause of head and neck pathology in children. Second branchial cyst accounts 95 % of the all brnchial anomalies. It mostly manifest in 2nd and 3rd decade of life. Early diagnosis, controlling the infection status and complete excision without nerve injury is mainstay of treatment. Recurrence rates is very low after complete surgical excision. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: 02 year from August 2016 to July 2018. Methods: 04 cases of branchial anomalies. Age, sex, and duration of symptoms were noted from the case records. The side and site of the lesion and the site of opening of sinuses and fistula were noted. The cystic lesions were investigated with ultrasound and CT scan. Surgical excision of cyst and sinus done. Results: The structure of the studied group was as follows: the ratio men/women was of approximately 3/1; the ratio branchial cysts/branchial sinuses/branchial fistulae = 2/2/0. Age ranged from 16 to 27 years. Two patients presented with left neck swelling and one patient presented with right neck swelling and one with right sided discharging sinus. Complete surgical excision was done in all cases and no complication occured. Conclusion: Branchial cysts are commonly misdiagnosed and rarely included in the differential diagnosis. Physician should suspect in any patient with a swelling in the lateral part of the neck.
Performance of Micro and Small Enterprises in the Philippine Setting
Authors: Malaluan Arnold Quinto 
Published: March 2019

The study was conducted to assess the performance of micro and small enterprises in Lipa City, Philippines using Cash Conversion Cycle. It was conducted among 375 managers and business owners in the area. Descriptive method was to collect the data and test the null hypothesis. Frequency/percentage, weighted mean, and composite mean were used as statistical tools. Results reveal that majority of the respondents were micro enterprises with a 1-9 employees that have been operating for 1-3 years; that the cash conversion cycle and its comparison of responses to the performance of micro and small enterprises found to be effective; that the cash conversion cycle in terms of years of existence, business category and number of employees are effective; that the cash conversion cycle to the performance of micro and small enterprises in terms of cash to accounts payable, accounts payable to inventory, inventory to accounts receivable, and accounts receivable to cash are effective; that the comparison between the cash conversion cycle to the performance of micro and small enterprises and effectiveness when grouped according to years of existence, business category and number of employees were significant. Thus, the proposed extension activity can be considered and implemented by the concerned agency.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN BANK SAMPAH DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Riswana Iwan , Rukmana Didi , Bulkis Sitti 
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHTrash bank is a place for sorting and collecting of trash that can be recycled or reused which has economic value. This research aimed to formulate the strategy of trash bank development in the settlement of Pati Regency. This research used descriptive method with quantitative and qualitative approach (mix method). The data were collected through observation, interviews, and document study. The research was conducted in Pati Regency. The result indicates that the sustainability level of trash bank in Pati Regency is at 60%. It means that the trash bank system is considered normal. There are 6 groups which are influential and have interests in the trash banks that are Environmental Office of Pati Regency, Village Government, customers, collectors, scavengers and the community. The main strategies that can be used in the development of trash banks are: 1) encouraging Environmental Office of Pati Regency to provide training and ready to accommodate and to buy the trash products; 2) Along with village government, environmental office conduct socialization of proper waste management and optimization of waste bank management. INDONESIABank sampah adalah tempat pemilahan dan pengumpulan sampah yang dapat didaur ulang dan atau diguna ulang yang memiliki nilai ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari strategi pengembangan bank sampah pemukiman di Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Pati. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan telaah dokumen. Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aspek keberlanjutan bank sampah di Kabupaten Pati berada pada angka 60% yang berarti sistem bank sampah dianggap wajar. Terdapat enam kelompok yang berpengaruh dan berkepentingan terhadap bank sampah, yaitu Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Pati, pemerintah desa, nasabah, pengepul, pemulung dan masyarakat. Strategi utama yang dapat digunakan dalam pengembangan bank sampah adalah : 1) mendorong Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Pati untuk memberikan pelatihan dan siap menampung serta membeli produk kerajinan sampah; dan 2) bersama Pemerintah Desa melakukan sosialisasi terkait pengelolaan sampah dan pengoptimalan manajemen bank sampah.
Effect of Government Expenditure on GDP in the Turkish Economy
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Esra , ORHAN Mehmet , MACİT Fatih 
Published: March 2019

The objective of this article is to investigate the
effect of government expenditure on GDP in Turkey from 2000Q1-2015Q4 by the
superexogeneity test. As a consequence of satisfying both conditions of weak exogeneity and structural
invariance, government expenditure is
superexogenous to GDP which implies that the policy regime shift for the
period of the Global Financial Crisis in Turkey did not cause structural
variance in government expenditure. Indeed, the Lucas Critique which indicates
that policy regime shifts cause structural breaks, appears to be refuted.
L’abbaye cistercienne du Val-Richer (Calvados) : prospections microtopographique et géophysique d’un monastère disparu
Authors: Vincent Jean-Baptiste 
Published: March 2019

L’abbaye cistercienne du Val-Richer a été installée au milieu du xiie siècle à l’intérieur d’une petite vallée du pays d’Auge, en Normandie. Les nombreux aménagements du site depuis la Révolution française ont fait presque disparaître plus de six siècles d’activité monastique. De plus, les sources textuelles et iconographiques relatives à l’abbaye sont très minces et n’apportent aucune précision sur l’emplacement et la morphologie des bâtiments conventuels (même pour l’abbatiale). C’est alors que nous avons mis en œuvre différentes méthodes de prospection pour appréhender la gestion du milieu et l’organisation spatiale et préciser le plan de cette abbaye qui semble avoir disparu. Les relevés topographiques ont été nécessaires pour étudier les aménagements du milieu (terrassements, réseau hydraulique…) dans un contexte hydro-géomorphologique particulier (implantation sur promontoire). Par ailleurs, l’analyse raisonnée des anomalies électriques nous permet de proposer des modèles de restitution tout en s’attachant à exposer les limites et les dangers de la surinterprétation.
A multifaceted interdependence. Tibetan pastoralists and their animals
Authors: Levine Nancy E. 
Published: March 2019

Cet article discute des relations à facettes multiples entre les pasteurs nomades tibétains des provinces du Sichuan et Qinghai et leurs animaux domestiques. Il montre la façon dont ces pasteurs nomades organisent leur vie autour de leurs animaux et trouvent un équilibre, d’une part, entre les besoins de leur maisonnée et leurs capacités de travail et, d’autre part, les besoins de leurs animaux en matière de soins, dans le but d’arriver à une symbiose économiquement productive. Cet article discute aussi les contraintes sur la gestion des troupeaux entraînées par les politiques gouvernementales concernant l’utilisation des terres, les événements météorologiques sévères qui tuent de nombreux animaux, ainsi que des stratégies utilisées par les pasteurs nomades pour reconstruire les troupeaux après de tels événements. Finalement, l’article présente la pratique de « libérer » certains animaux en tant que tsetar, c’est à dire de les rendre interdits de vente et d’abattage dans le but de compenser les péchés commis par les membres de la maisonnée et d’atténuer les malchances diverses. Cette pratique reflète un mélange d’attitudes (pragmatique, symbolique et émotionnelle) dont font preuve les pasteurs nomades de l’est du Tibet à l’égard de leurs animaux au milieu desquels ils vivent, souligne leur dévouement aux principes bouddhiques ainsi que leurs idées quant à la façon dont les animaux domestiques peuvent améliorer leur capital spirituel et leur réputation.
The case of the disappearance of Tibetan sheep from the village of Charo in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Tibetan pastoralists’ decisions, economic calculations, and religious beliefs
Authors: Errang Ga 
Published: March 2019

Le mode de pâturage dans lequel yaks et moutons tibétains étaient les animaux domestiques dominants qui pâturaient sur le plateau tibétain a récemment changé avec la disparition des moutons tibétains de nombreuses régions pastorales. Contrairement aux yaks qui fournissent lait, beurre, fromage, fourrure, viande et aussi un moyen de transport, les moutons ne sont utilisés que pour leur viande. De nombreux pasteurs-nomades interrogés sur le lieu de l’enquête où une seule maisonnée continuait à élever des moutons ont affirmé qu’en dépit de la rentabilité supérieure des moutons par rapport aux yaks, ils ont choisi de garder ces derniers et d’abandonner l’élevage de moutons. Quelles sont les raisons qui ont conduit ces Tibétains à abandonner l’élevage de moutons, alors qu'ils estiment ces animaux être l'un des moyens les plus rentables de gagner leur vie ? Bien que de nombreux éleveurs aient cité des raisons similaires à celles énumérées (pénurie de prairies et d'ouvriers, entre autres) dans d'autres recherches menées sur le même sujet, des entretiens approfondis suggèrent des raisons plus complexes à ce changement, dont la force des sensibilités religieuses. Les pasteurs-nomades font une distinction entre le péché lié à l'élevage des yaks et celui lié à l’élevage des moutons. Associé à d'autres facteurs, notamment les revenus monétaires, l'investissement de travail et la vulnérabilité aux catastrophes naturelles et aux prix du marché, les calculs religieux associés au concept de péché jouent, à divers degrés, un rôle important dans les décisions prises au sujet du bétail.
Tip 1 Diyabetes Mellituslu Çocuklarda Tanı Anındaki Klinik ve Laboratuvar Bulgularının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ARAS Burhan , AKIN Alper , YILDIRIM Ruken , UNAL Edip , HASPOLAT Yusuf Kenan 
Published: March 2019

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, Tip 1 Diyabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
tanısı alan çocuklarda ilk başvuru bulgularının neler olduğunu belirlemektir.

Yöntemler: Bu çalışma 2013-2016 yılları arasında Dicle
Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Endokrinoloji ve Çocuk Acil polikliniğine başvuran
yeni T1DM tanısı 142 çocuk hasta incelenerek gerçekleştirildi. Retrospektif
olarak dosyalardan hastaların sosyodemografik özellikleri, semptom ve
laboratuvar bulguları kaydedildi. Elde edilen tüm veriler istatiksel olarak
değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmada yer alan çocukların 62’si (%43,66) kız
idi. Yaş ortalaması 10,10±1,39 yıl idi. Tanı anındaki kan glikoz düzeyi
425,85±12,51 mg/dl, HbA1c %13,57±3,77 olarak saptandı. Olguların %47,8’inde
glutamat dekarboksilaz antikoru pozitifliği tespit edildi. Hastaların %18,3’ünde
ailede T1DM hikayesi mevcuttu. Hastalar en çok Ocak ayında (%12,6) ve Kasım ayında
(%11,9) tanı aldı. Olguların %83,8’inde hem poliüri hem de polidipsi
bulunurken, %41,5 olguda bilinç düzey değişikliği ve %6,3 olguda da koma
mevcuttu. Başvuru sırasında hastaların %43’ünde ketoasidoz mevcut iken,
%48,5’inde ketozis, %8,5’inde ise sadece hiperglisemi mevcuttu.

Sonuç: Tip 1 DM daha çok adolesan dönemde izlenmektedir.
Hastalığın en sık başvuru semptomları poliüri ve polidipsidir. Bu nedenle
toplumun poliüri ve polidipsinin T1DM bulguları olabileceği yönünde eğitilmesi
gerekmektedir. Toplumun bu konuda bilinçlendirilmesi diyabetin en önemli
komplikasyonu olan diyabetik ketoasidoz sıklığının azaltabilir.&nbsp;
Türk kadınlarında görülen saç ve saçlı deri hastalıklarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: OĞRUM Atiye , SEÇKİN Havva Yıldız 
Published: March 2019

Amaç: Saç ve saçlı deri hastalıkları dermatoloji poliklinik
başvurusunun önemli nedenlerindendir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türk kadınlarında
görülen saç ve saçlı deri hastalıklarının değerlendirilmesidir.

Yöntemler: Şubat 2015 ile Şubat 2018 yılları arasında deri
ve zührevi hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran 18 yaş üstü 16743 kadın hastaya
ait dosya retrospektif olarak tarandı. Verilerde eksiklik bulunmayan 1857 kadın
hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi.

Bulgular: Bin sekiz yüz elli yedi kadın hastada (%11,09) saç
ve saçlı deri hastalığı saptandı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 35.82±15.23 yıl
(18-94 yıl) idi. Bin üç yüz yetmiş üç hasta (%73,9) 45 yaş altı, 484 hasta 45
yaş ve üzeriydi. Saptanan hastalık çeşidi sayısı 12 idi. Belirlenen toplam
hastalık sayısı 1931 olup, 73 hastada (%3,9) iki; bir hastada (%0,1) üç farklı
hastalık çeşidi mevcuttu. Skatrisyel alopesi nedeni olan hastalık oranı %2,27
idi. En sık saptanan hastalıklar seboreik dermatit, telojen effluvium,
psoriazis, alopesi areata ve androjenik alopesi idi (sırasıyla, %43,5, %25,4,
%16,4, %6,7, ve %4,8). Yaş gruplarına göre (&lt;45 yaş altı ve ≥45 yaş)
hastalık dağılımları değerlendirildiğinde; her iki yaş grubunda da en sık
seboreik dermatit gözlenirken, bunu 45 yaş altında sırasıyla telojen effluvium
ve psoriazis izlerken; 45 yaş üstünde sırayla psoriazis ve telojen effluvium
takip etti. 14 kadın hastada pedikülozis mevcuttu. En sık saptanan saçlı deri
hastalıkları seboreik dermatit ve psoriazis iken; en sık görülen saç
hastalıkları telojen effluvium ve alopesi areata idi. En sık birliktelik
gösteren hastalıklar seboreik dermatit ve telojen effluvium idi.

Sonuç: Kadınlarda dermatoloji polikliniğine başvuru
nedenleri içerisinde saç ve saçlı deri hastalığının oranı %11,09 idi.
Skatrisyel alopesi ile sonuçlanan saçlı deri hastalıkları oranı ise düşüktü.
Saç güzellik algısının bir parçası olduğundan, saç ve saçlı deri
hastalıklarının erken tanı ve tedavisi, kişilerin özgüven ve yaşam kalitesine
etkisinden dolayı önemlidir.