bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is smallholder farmer maintaining biodiversity in rattan agroforest?
Authors: Tata Hesti Lestari 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Rattan Agroforestry is usually developed by smallholder farmers in Katingan district, Central Kalimantan. The rattan is planted under woody tree species, mainly rubber. Both rubber and rattan have contributed in the economic development of Central Kalimantan. A vegetation analysis with purposive sampling plot was conducted in two villages in Katingan district to assess flora diversity in the gradient of Agroforestry system (simple to complex Agroforestry) compared with forest. The Agroforestry system consisted of baliang, bahu, complex rubber rattan agroforest, and simple rubber agroforest. Results showed forest has the highest tree diversity (H’=3.39), while simple rubber agroforest has the lowest tree diversity (H’=1.09). During the survey, 43 rattan species were encountered in the landscape of two villages (Tumbang Malawan and Tumbang Runen). The commonest rattan’s genus was Calamus (consisted of 22 species). Farmers applied an extensive management of rattan-rubber agroforest and they allowed regeneration occurred naturally in the farm. In the rattan agroforests, other tress with economic value, which produce food and fruits were intentionally planted to support food security to their family. Owing to low price, rattan currently is not intensively managed and harvested; nevertheless, the Dayak is still maintaining the rattan agroforest for their domestic and cultural needs.
Effect of extrusion ratio on the microstructure and property of the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy prepared by spray conform
Authors: Chen Yegao , Lu Weishi , Yin Jiancheng , Zhong Yi , Shao Guoyou , Zhang Jun , Zhang Anming , Li Xinxing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The commercial Al-5.72Zn-2.36Mg-1.66Cu (7075) alloys were prepared by the spray Conform (SC) technique consisting of the spray forming and Conform extrusion. The extrusion ratio (ER) was selected as the variable parameter to study the influence mechanism on the microstructures and properties while keeping the other parameters unchanged. The microstructures and properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and tensile tests. Concretely, the changing rules of the grains, second phases, tensile strength and elongation with ER were researched respectively. Results indicate that a fine equiaxed grain microstructure with low level of segregation and porosity was achieved by SC. And the intergranular and intragranular phases were fine and homogeneous before and after retrogression and re-aging (RRA). The dispersion and tensile strength are positive to ER, but the grain size (GS) is inverse. Meanwhile, the elongation increases firstly and then decreases with increasing ER.
Climate news articles lack basic climate science
Authors: Romps David M , Retzinger Jean P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Although climate change is arguably the most urgent issue of our time, the general public knows little about climate science. Here, we investigate how often five basic climate facts are conveyed in The New York Times news articles covering climate change from 1980 to 2018. With only one exception, the frequencies with which these facts appear in news articles today are vanishingly small. This suggests that print journalism is a largely untapped resource for educating the public on basic climate facts.
Impact of total body weight on rate of acute kidney injury in patients treated with piperacillin–tazobactam and vancomycin
Authors: Rutter W Cliff , Hall Ronald G , Burgess David S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Results of a study to determine whether obesity is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients receiving combination therapy with piperacillin–tazobactam and vancomycin are reported.

Methods
A retrospective, single-center cohort study of patients who received combination therapy for at least 48 hours was conducted using data from the University of Kentucky Center for Clinical and Translational Science’s Enterprise Data Trust. Patients with chronic kidney disease, baseline creatinine clearance of less than 30 mL/min, cystic fibrosis, or missing height or weight information were excluded.

Results
A total of 8,125 patients were included in the cohort. Among the variables evaluated, total body weight of 91 kg or more was the variable most predictive of AKI. Patients with a weight of 91 kg or higher were more likely than lower-weight patients to have diabetes (39% versus 21%, p < 0.00001), hypertension (64% versus 47%, p < 0.00001), and heart failure (15% versus 13%, p = 0.007). The median daily vancomcyin dose was lower in patients with a weight of less than 91 kg (2,000 mg versus 3,000 mg, p < 0.00001); however, weight-based doses were lower in patients weighing 91 kg or more (25.5 mg/kg/day versus 27.9 mg/kg/day, p < 0.00001). AKI was more common in patients weighing 91 kg or more (24% versus 18%, p < 0.00001; adjusted odds ratio, 1.46 [95% confidence interval, 1.28–1.66]).

Conclusion
Increased total body weight increased the rate of AKI among patients concurrently treated with piperacillin–tazobactam and vancomycin independent of clinically important confounders, with an important breakpoint occurring at 91 kg.
Evaluation of the potential impact of pharmacy technician performance of anticoagulation clinic tasks on operational efficiency
Authors: Ourth Heather L , Folstad Jon , Mambourg Scott E , Hopwood Geena , Marchiando Christy , Combs Carolyn , Gonzalez Carrie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Results of a study to determine the proportion of anticoagulation clinic workload that could be performed by clinical pharmacy technicians (CPTs) and the potential impact on operational efficiency of pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinics (ACCs) are reported.

Methods
In a quality improvement project involving 11 Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers, investigators conducted a 3-day time study in pharmacist-managed ACCs followed by scoring of task appropriateness for CPTs via the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method by the VA Anticoagulation Subject Matter Expert (SME) Workgroup. The primary outcome was the percentage of tasks deemed appropriate for a CPT to perform.

Results
The Anticoagulation SME Workgroup determined that a wide variety of mainly administrative ACC tasks could be completed by a CPT. At the 11 VA ACCs, an average of 53.4% (range, 39.9–76.1%) of tasks being performed by pharmacists were deemed appropriate for CPTs. The average percentage of total clinic time associated with performing tasks appropriate for a CPT equated to an estimated 1,111 hours per year. Shifting that portion of the annual work hours to a CPT could potentially result in cost avoidance of $55,302.

Conclusion
At the ACCs evaluated, a significant proportion of tasks (53.4% on average) may be appropriate to assign to CPTs to improve the operational efficiency of these clinics. This finding supports development of business plans for the addition of CPTs in ACCs along with elements to inform crafting of an effective template for ACC structure, including clearly defined CPT roles.
Analysis to determine cost-effectiveness of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic use in adult patients with suspected bacterial infection and sepsis
Authors: Collins Curtis D , Brockhaus Kara , Sim Taeyong , Suneja Anupam , Malani Anurag N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Results of a study incorporating real-world results into a predictive model to assess the cost-effectiveness of procalcitonin (PCT)-guided antibiotic use in intensive care unit patients with sepsis are reported.

Methods
A single-center, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to determine whether reductions in antibiotic therapy duration and other care improvements resulting from PCT testing and use of an associated treatment pathway offset the costs of PCT testing. Selected base-case cost outcomes in adults with sepsis admitted to a medical intensive care unit (MICU) were assessed in preintervention and postintervention cohorts using a decision analytic model. Cost-minimization and cost–utility analyses were performed from the hospital perspective with a 1-year time horizon. Secondary and univariate sensitivity analyses tested a variety of clinically relevant scenarios and the robustness of the model.

Results
Base-case modeling predicted that use of a PCT-guided treatment algorithm would results in hospital cost savings of $45 per patient and result in a gain of 0.0001 quality-adjusted life-year. After exclusion of patients in the postintervention cohort for PCT test ordering outside of institutional guidelines, the mean inpatient antibiotic therapy duration was significantly reduced in the postintervention group relative to the preintervention group (6.2 days versus 4.9 days, p = 0.04) after adjustment for patient sex and age, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, study period, vasopressor use, and ventilator use. Total annual hospital cost savings of $4,840 were predicted.

Conclusion
Real-world implementation of PCT-guided antibiotic use may have improved patients’ quality of life while decreasing hospital costs in MICU patients with undifferentiated sepsis.
Depression and the Diagnosis of MCI in a Culturally Diverse Sample in the United States
Authors: Lang Merike , Rosselli Mónica , Greig Maria T , Torres Valeria L , Vélez-Uribe Idaly , Arruda Fernanda , Barker Warren W , Garcia Patricia , Loewenstein David A , Curiel Rosie E , Duara Ranjan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To analyze (1) whether there are ethnic differences in the severity of depressive symptoms between groups of elders classified as cognitively normal (CN) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and (2) the influence of depressive symptoms on specific cognitive performance by ethnicity across diagnoses, controlling for covariates.

Methods
164 Hispanics residing in the United States (HAs) and European Americans (EAs) (100 women; Mage = 72.1, SD = 8.0) were diagnosed as either CN or aMCI. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Cognition was assessed using the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (semantic memory), Multilingual Naming Test (confrontation naming), and the Stroop Test (Color–Word condition; executive function). A 2 × 2 univariate ANCOVA as well as linear and logistic regressions explored differences in depressive symptoms among diagnostic and ethnic groups.

Results
Higher depression was seen in aMCI compared to the CN group for both ethnicities, after controlling for age, education, gender, and Mini-Mental State Examination score. Greater levels of depression also predicted lower scores in confrontation naming and semantic memory for only the EA group and marginally in scores of executive function for HA participants. GDS-15 scores of ≤ 4 also predicted less likelihood of aMCI diagnosis.

Conclusions
Severity of depressive symptoms was associated with greater cognitive impairment, independent of ethnicity. Significant results suggest detrimental effects of depression on clinical diagnoses most evidently for subjects from the EA group.
PIRD: Pan Immune Repertoire Database
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Longlong , Liu Ke , Wei Xiaofeng , Yang Kai , Du Wensi , Wang Shiyu , Guo Nannan , Ma Chuanchuan , Luo Lihua , Wu Jinghua , Lin Liya , Yang Fan , Gao Fei , Wang Xie , Li Tao , Zhang Ruifang , Saksena Nitin K , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Fang Lin , Hou Yong , Xu Xun , Liu Xiao 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Motivation
T and B cell receptors (TCRs and BCRs) play a pivotal role in the adaptive immune system by recognizing an enormous variety of external and internal antigens. Understanding these receptors is critical for exploring the process of immunoreaction and exploiting potential applications in immunotherapy and antibody drug design. Although a large number of samples have had their TCR and BCR repertoires sequenced using high-throughput sequencing in recent years, very few databases have been constructed to store these kinds of data. To resolve this issue, we developed a database.

Results
We developed a database, the Pan Immune Repertoire Database (PIRD), located in China National GeneBank (CNGBdb), to collect and store annotated TCR and BCR sequencing data, including from Homo sapiens and other species. In addition to data storage, PIRD also provides functions of data visualization and interactive online analysis. Additionally, a manually curated database of TCRs and BCRs targeting known antigens (TBAdb) was also deposited in PIRD.

Availability and implementation
PIRD can be freely accessed at https://db.cngb.org/pird.
The quagga mussel genome and the evolution of freshwater tolerance
Authors: Calcino Andrew D , de Oliveira André Luiz , Simakov Oleg , Schwaha Thomas , Zieger Elisabeth , Wollesen Tim , Wanninger Andreas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFreshwater dreissenid mussels evolved from marine ancestors during the Miocene ∼30 million years ago and today include some of the most successful and destructive invasive species of freshwater environments. Here, we sequenced the genome of the quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis to identify adaptations involved in embryonic osmoregulation. We provide evidence that a lophotrochozoan-specific aquaporin water channel, a vacuolar ATPase subunit and a sodium/hydrogen exchanger are involved in osmoregulation throughout early cleavage, during which time large intercellular fluid-filled ‘cleavage cavities’ repeatedly form, coalesce and collapse, expelling excess water to the exterior. Independent expansions of aquaporins coinciding with at least five freshwater colonization events confirm their role in freshwater adaptation. Repeated aquaporin expansions and the evolution of membrane-bound fluid-filled osmoregulatory structures in diverse freshwater taxa point to a fundamental principle guiding the evolution of freshwater tolerance and provide a framework for future species control efforts.
Infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a nationwide study
Authors: Bjursten Henrik , Rasmussen Magnus , Nozohoor Shahab , Götberg Mattias , Olaison Lars , Rück Andreas , Ragnarsson Sigurdur 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), now a common procedure to treat high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, has rapidly been expanding into younger and lower-risk populations, creating a need to better understand long-term outcome after TAVI. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the incidence, risk factors for, clinical presentation of, and outcome after prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) in patients treated with TAVI in a nationwide study.

Methods and results
Three registries were used: a national TAVI registry, a national diagnosis registry, and a national infective endocarditis registry. Combining these registries made it possible to perform a nationwide, all-comers study with independent and validated reporting of PVE in 4336 patients between 2008 and mid-2018. The risk for PVE after TAVI was 1.4% (95% confidence interval 1.0–1.8%) the first year and 0.8% (0.6–1.1%) per year thereafter. One-year survival after PVE diagnosis was 58% (49–68%), and 5-year survival was 29% (17–41%). Body surface area, estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;30 mL/min/1.73 m2, critical pre-operative state, mean pre-procedural valve gradient, amount of contrast dye used, transapical access, and atrial fibrillation were identified as independent risk factors for PVE. Staphylococcus aureus was more common in early (&lt;1 year) PVE. Infection with S. aureus, root abscess, late PVE, and non-community acquisition was associated with higher 6-month mortality.

Conclusion
The incidence of PVE was similar to that of surgical bioprostheses. Compromised renal function was a strong risk factor for developing PVE. In the context of PVE, TAVI seems to be a safe option for patients.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT03768180 (http://clinicaltrials.gov/).
Isolating red flags to enhance diagnosis (I-RED): An experimental vignette study
Authors: Chartan Corey , Singh Hardeep , Krishnamurthy Parthasarathy , Sur Moushumi , Meyer Ashley , Lutfi Riad , Stark Julie , Thammasitboon Satid 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate effects of a cognitive intervention based on isolation of red flags (I-RED) on diagnostic accuracy of ‘do-not-miss diagnoses.’DesignA 2 × 2 randomized case vignette-based experiment with manipulation of I-RED strategy between subjects and case complexity within subjects.SettingTwo university-based residency programs.ParticipantsOne-hundred and nine pediatric residents from all levels of training.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to the I-RED vs. control group, and within each group, they were further randomized to the order in which they saw simple and complex cases. The I-RED strategy involved an instruction to look for a constellation of symptoms, signs, clinical data or circumstances that should heighten suspicion for a serious condition.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome was diagnostic accuracy, scored as 1 if any of the three differentials given by participants included the correct diagnosis, and 0 if not. We analyzed effects of I-RED strategy on diagnostic accuracy using logistic regression.ResultsI-RED strategy did not yield statistically higher diagnostic accuracy compared to controls (62 vs. 48%, respectively; odd ratio = 2.07 [95% confidence interval, 0.78–5.5], P = 0.14) although participants reported higher decision confidence compared to controls (7.00 vs. 5.77 on a scale of 1 to 10, P < 0.02) in simple but not complex cases. I-RED strategy significantly shortened time to decision (460 vs. 657 s, P < 0.001) and increased the number of red flags generated (3.04 vs. 2.09, P < 0.001).ConclusionsA cognitive strategy of prompting red flag isolation prior to differential diagnosis did not improve diagnostic accuracy of ‘do-not-miss diagnoses.’ Given the paucity of evidence-based solutions to reduce diagnostic error and the intervention’s potential effect on confidence, findings warrant additional exploration.
Pediatric Burns Among Refugee Communities in Lebanon: Evidence to Inform Policies and Programs
Authors: Al-Hajj Samar , Pike Ian , Oneissi Ahmad , Zheng Alex , Abu-Sittah Ghassan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Burn-related injury is a global public health problem with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. The adverse effect of burn leads to substantial functional, psychological, and economic repercussions. Low- and middle-income countries, including Lebanon, carry a disproportionately greater burden of burn injuries. This study adopted a mixed method approach to explore burn-related injuries in a sample (n = 347) of refugee children settling in Lebanon. We reviewed 179 cases of patients records that met the criteria of a child aged 0 to 19 years and has sustained a burn due to living conditions. War-related burn injuries were excluded. The findings demonstrate that there is a significantly higher proportion of 0- to 4-year-olds with burn injuries (53.6%) compared with the older age groups. Scald burns, caused by boiling liquid, were the most common cause of burns (58.6%), followed by fire/open flame (12.8%) and heat contact (6.7%). Upper trunk and arm burns were significantly higher than other body parts (35.2%), females were among the potential at-risk group with due to boiling liquids caused by food preparation and serving. Fifteen to nineteen years showed a high proportion of fire/flame burn caused by labor accident. Qualitative analysis of case reports further confirmed our findings and emphasized the impact of low socioeconomic status, overcrowded living conditions and open floor cooking and heating on increasing risk of pediatric burns. Additional research is needed to increase understanding on risk factors pertaining to pediatric burns in the refugee community with a view to integrating appropriate preventive measures and informing evidence-based policies and programs.
Changes in activity rates in the cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi Bouvier, 1904 (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) in response to concentrations of neuropeptides and glucose
Authors: Stout Joseph S , Granda Carla L , Mancuso Molly L 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough behavioral studies of whole animals are usually undertaken on rats and mice, studies in crustaceans offer an alternative group that provides new evolutionary insights into the relationship between physiology and behavior. In the cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904), food-seeking movement increases in response to glutamate (MSG), decreases when exposed to dopamine, and increases when exposed to glucose. Activity of shrimp individuals was observed in 4l tanks over twenty minutes after individuals were exposed to treatments applied directly into the water. Glutamate-stimulated seeking behavior was statistically similar to seeking behavior after exposure to food pellet filtrate. Glucose also stimulated seeking behavior, but with a reduction over time, whereas MSG-stimulated seeking behavior increased over time. Insulin reduced activity but showed no effect when paired with glucose, whereas dopamine increased activity when paired with glucose. This was contrary to the reduced activity observed when dopamine was paired with MSG. The decrease in activity after exposure to dopamine also contrasts with vertebrate (rat) models where dopaminergic drugs such as caffeine and cocaine are stimulants. The stimulatory effect of dopamine paired with glucose was unexpected given its inhibitory effect on its own or when paired with MSG. This crustacean-based model aims to give new insights regarding the role of inhibitory and stimulatory neurotransmitters on the behavior of whole crustacean individuals. These mechanisms show different results than predicted by vertebrate models, implying either differences in underlying physiology, problems with the vertebrate models, or both.
Refinement of Global Domestic Horse Biogeography Using Historic Landrace Chinese Mongolian Populations
Authors: Han Haige , Bryan Kenneth , Shiraigol Wunierfu , Bai Dongyi , Zhao Yiping , Bao Wuyingga , Yang Siqin , Zhang Wengang , MacHugh David E , Dugarjaviin Manglai , Hill Emmeline W 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Mongolian horse is one of the oldest extant horse populations and although domesticated, most animals are free-ranging and experience minimal human intervention. As an ancient population originating in one of the key domestication centers, the Mongolian horse may play a key role in understanding the origins and recent evolutionary history of horses. Here we describe an analysis of high-density genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data in 40 globally dispersed horse populations (n = 895). In particular, we have focused on new results from Chinese Mongolian horses (n = 100) that represent 5 distinct populations. These animals were genotyped for 670K SNPs and the data were analyzed in conjunction with 35K SNP data for 35 distinct breeds. Analyses of these integrated SNP data sets demonstrated that the Chinese Mongolian populations were genetically distinct from other modern horse populations. In addition, compared to other domestic horse breeds, the Chinese Mongolian horse populations exhibited relatively high genomic diversity. These results suggest that, in genetic terms, extant Chinese Mongolian horses may be the most similar modern populations to the animals originally domesticated in this region of Asia. Chinese Mongolian horse populations may therefore retain ancestral genetic variants from the earliest domesticates. Further genomic characterization of these populations in conjunction with archaeogenetic sequence data should be prioritized for understanding recent horse evolution and the domestication process that has led to the wealth of diversity observed in modern global horse breeds.