bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frakturen, Rückenschmerzen, Lebensqualität und Compliance unter einer Teriparatid-Therapie bei Patientinnen mit postmenopausaler Osteoporose in Deutschland
Authors: Scharla S. , Oertel H. , Jakob F. , Petto H. 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Primäres Ziel der Beobachtungsstudie EFOS war die Erfassung der Inzidenz von klinischen vertebralen und nichtvertebralen Frakturen bei postmenopausalen Frauen mit Osteo porose während einer 18-monatigen Teriparatid-Behandlung und einer 18-monatigen Nachbeobachtung. Weiterhin wurden gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (EQ-5D und EQ-visuelle Analogskala [VAS]) und Rückenschmerzen (Häufigkeit, Schweregrad, Aktivitätseinschränkungen, VAS) evaluiert.
Methode: Veränderungen der Frakturinzidenz in jeweils 6-Monats-Intervallen wurden mittels logistischer Regression mit wiederholten Messungen und Veränderungen der VASWerte mit einem gemischten Modell für wiederholte Messungen analysiert.
Ergebnisse: Von 385 deutschen Patientinnen erlitten 44 (11,4 %) im Studienverlauf 52 Frakturen (17 vertebrale, 35 nicht-vertebrale). Die Inzidenz von Frakturen wurde signifikant reduziert (ab Monat 24 bis < 30 vs. Monat 0 bis < 6). Die sekundären Variablen verbesserten sich im Studienverlauf. Die Veränderungen waren dabei gegenüber dem Studienbeginn zu allen Zeitpunkten signifikant.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Befunde sind bei diesem nicht kontrollierten Studiendesign mit den entsprechenden Einschränkungen zu werten.
Knochenverlust nach bariatrischen Eingriffen
Authors: Messner Z. , Kocijan A. , Kocijan R. 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungBariatrische Chirurgie stellt eine effektive Behandlungsmethode für pathologische Adipositas dar. Neben den positiven kardiovaskulären Effekten kommt es jedoch zu zahlreichen negativen Effekten auf den Knochenmetabolismus. Die Genese des Knochenverlustes ist multifaktoriell und inkludiert Malabsorption, Vitamin D-Insuffizienz, Hypokalzämie, Hyperparathyreoidismus, “skeletal unloading” und einen erhöhten Knochenturnover. Das Resultat ist ein Verlust von Knochendichte und -struktur, sowohl im trabekulären als auch im kortikalen Bereich. Zusätzlich kommt es zu einem Abfall der Muskelmasse. Veränderungen im Knochenstoffwechsel normalisieren sich innerhalb von 2 Jahren. Der Knochendichteverlust dürfte jedoch anhalten. Die aktuelle Datenlage gibt Evidenz über ein erhöhtes Frakturrisiko bereits 2 Jahre nach bariatrischem Eingriff. Langzeitstudien haben jedoch eine weitere Zunahme des Frakturrisikos über 10 Jahre und mehr gezeigt. Frakturen treten sowohl an Osteoporose-typischen, als auch Osteoporose-untypischen Stellen auf. Eine Vitamin D-, Kalzium- und Proteinsubstitution scheint bereits präoperativ unerlässlich, um dem postoperativen Knochenmasseverlust entgegen zu wirken.
Management of Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections
Authors: Holt Michael , Kasperbauer Shannon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExtrapulmonary disease occurs in a minority of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections. The pattern of disease tends to be multifocal in immunocompromised individuals and localized in the immunocompetent. There is increasing recognition of disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera infection, as a complication of cardiac surgery, and focal infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria. Microbiologic diagnosis requires detection of NTM in blood or tissue samples by microscopy, culture, or molecular methods. Management of extrapulmonary NTM infection requires prolonged, targeted multiple-drug therapy and, in some cases, aggressive surgical intervention. The optimal treatment approach is often unknown. Despite combined medical and surgical therapy, outcomes may be poor. A high degree of clinical suspicion and early diagnosis are required to maximize chances of a positive outcome.
Epidemiology of Nontuberculous Mycobacteriosis
Authors: Daniel-Wayman Shelby , Ricotta Emily , Prevots D. , Adjemian Jennifer 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAnnual prevalence estimates for pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) disease in the contiguous United States range from 1.4 to 13.9 per 100,000 persons, while one study found an annual prevalence of up to 44 per 100,000 persons in Hawaii. PNTM prevalence varies by region, sex, and race/ethnicity, with higher prevalence among women and persons of Asian ancestry, as well as in the Southern United States and Hawaii. Studies consistently indicate that PNTM prevalence is increasing, with estimates ranging from 2.5 to 8% per year. Most PNTM disease is associated with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), although the proportion of disease attributed to MAC varies by region. Host factors identified as influencing disease risk include structural lung disease, immunomodulatory medication, as well as variants in connective tissue, mucociliary clearance, and immune genes. Environmental variables including measures of atmospheric moisture and concentrations of certain soil factors have also been shown to correlate with higher PNTM prevalence. Prevalence of extrapulmonary NTM disease is lower, stable, and associated with different risk factors, including primary immune deficiencies or HIV infection.
Diagnosis of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Lung Disease
Authors: Cowman Steven , Loebinger Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe diagnosis of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease may be challenging, as their presence alone does not necessarily indicate disease and diagnosis requires the integration of clinical, radiological, and microbiological findings. The first step is to suspect NTM disease; however, clinical manifestations of NTM are nonspecific and it may not be possible to separate them from those caused by underlying respiratory disease. The radiological appearance generally falls into two patterns, fibrocavitary disease and nodular-bronchiectatic disease; consolidation, infiltrates, and solitary nodules are also described. The isolation of NTM from clinical samples is fundamental to the diagnosis and they may be cultured from sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or tissue specimens. If sputum is used, more than one isolate is required for diagnosis due to the propensity of NTM to contaminate clinical samples. The correct identification of NTM is vital, as their clinical relevance varies widely between species, and treatment is dictated by the identity of the isolated organism. This review covers the clinical presentation of NTM disease, the interpretation of radiological findings, and issues surrounding the isolation and identification of mycobacteria.
Der Stellenwert von Milch und Milchprodukten für die Knochengesundheit
Authors: Borner R. 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungMilch und Milchprodukte gehören in unserer westlichen Ernährungskultur zu den wichtigsten Kalziumlieferanten. Einzelne Inhaltsstoffe der Milch, wie beispielsweise Milchsäure, Laktose und Vitamin D, erhöhen außerdem die intestinale Absorption von Kalzium. Weitere positive Effekte der Milch zeigen sich hinsichtlich Knochenmineralgehalt und Knochengesundheit. Diese lassen sich auf die spezifischen Wirkungen der Milchproteine zurückführen. In Kindheit und Adoleszenz geht ein höherer Milchverzehr (gemäß den geltenden Empfehlungen der deutschsprachigen Fachgesellschaften) mit einer erhöhten Knochenmasse und Knochendichte einher. Ein direkter Zusammenhang von Milchkonsum und der Entstehung von Osteoporose bzw. Osteoporose bedingten Knochenbrüchen beim Erwachsenen, konnte bisher nicht gezeigt werden. Personen mit Laktoseintoleranz sollten nicht komplett auf Milch und Milchprodukte verzichten. Ohne Milchkonsum ist die Zufuhr der täglich empfohlenen Menge Kalzium nur schwer möglich. Wie eine Metaanalyse um Savaiano et al. gezeigt hat, verursachen einzelne Portionen von Milch und Milchprodukten über den Tag verteilt häufig noch keine Symptome. Viele Käsesorten sind außerdem von Natur aus laktosefrei. Bestimmte Ernährungstrends, die eine milchfreie Ernährung vorsehen, sind hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf die Knochengesundheit derzeit noch unzureichend erforscht. Personen, die eine solche Ernährungsweise verfolgen, sollten die Unterstützung einer Ernährungsberaterin in Anspruch nehmen.
Treatment of Other Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Basille Damien , Jounieaux Vincent , Andréjak Claire 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are numerous, and for the vast majority of them, randomized studies are lacking and data regarding optimal treatment are limited. When Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and M. abscessus are excluded, the main NTM are M. xenopi, M. kansasii, M. malmoense, M. szulgai, and M. simiae. Treatment is long (at least 12 months after culture conversion according to recommendations by scientific societies) and difficult (at least three drugs are required, each of which have potential adverse events). Moreover, optimal treatment is unknown for the vast majority of NTM and efficacy of treatment is not 100%. That is why, balance between benefit and risk is fundamental. For M. xenopi, the second most common NTM isolated in Europe, treatment is classically based on macrolides or fluoroquinolones, associated with ethambutol and rifampicin. For M. kansasii, the cornerstone of treatment is rifampicin, which should be associated with two other drugs: ethambutol plus isoniazid or clarithromycin. M. malmoense, which is common in Northern Europe, can be treated by rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin and/or fluoroquinolones.
Surgical Management of Pulmonary Mycobacterial Disease
Authors: Mitchell John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere is renewed interest in the use of adjuvant surgical resection in the treatment of pulmonary mycobacterial disease. For pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the emergence of significant drug resistance has led clinicians to reconsider surgery in select cases, where a clear benefit in bacterial conversion and cure has been noted. Less data exist for the use of anatomic resection in the setting of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, although multiple reports have supported the use of surgery in select cases. Resection is generally well tolerated, and may often be performed through a minimally invasive approach. While medical treatment clearly remains the mainstay of therapy, more research is needed regarding the use of adjuvant resection in this patient population.
Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Caminero Jose , Daley Charles 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pose a major threat to global tuberculosis control. Despite the availability of curative antituberculosis therapy for nearly half a century, inappropriate and inadequate treatment of tuberculosis, as well as unchecked transmission of M. tuberculosis, has resulted in alarming levels of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were 600,000 cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)/rifampin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis in 2016, defined as strains that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. Globally, WHO estimates that 4.1% of new tuberculosis cases and 19% of retreatment cases have MDR-TB. By the end of 2016, 123 countries had reported at least one case of extensively drug-resistant strains, which are MDR-TB strains that have acquired additional resistance to fluoroquinolones and at least one second-line injectable. It is estimated that only 22% of all MDR-TB cases are currently receiving therapy. This article reviews the management of MDR/RR-TB and updates recommendations regarding the use of shorter course regimens and new drugs.
Clinical Risk Factors for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation among Patients after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Yamashita Kennosuke , Hu Nan , Ranjan Ravi , Selzman Craig , Dosdall Derek 
Published: August 2018

Background Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common arrhythmia following cardiac surgery and is associated with increased health-care costs, complications, and mortality. The etiology of POAF is incompletely understood and its prediction remains suboptimal. Using data from published studies, we performed a systemic review and meta-analysis to identify preoperative clinical risk factors associated with patients at increased risk of POAF.
Methods A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases was performed.
Results Twenty-four studies that reported univariate analysis results regarding POAF risk factors, published from 2001 to May 2017, were included in this meta-analysis with a total number of 36,834 subjects. Eighteen studies were performed in the United States and Europe and 16 studies were prospective cohort studies. The standardized mean difference (SMD) between POAF and non-POAF groups was significantly different (reported as [SMD: 95% confidence interval, CI]) for age (0.55: 0.47–0.63), left atrial diameter (0.45: 0.15–0.75), and left ventricular ejection fraction (0.30: 0.14–0.47). The pooled odds ratios (ORs) (reported as [OR: 95% CI]) demonstrated that heart failure (1.56: 1.31–1.96), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.36: 1.13–1.64), hypertension (1.29: 1.12–1.48), and myocardial infarction (1.18: 1.05–1.34) were significant predictors of POAF incidence, while diabetes was marginally significant (1.06: 1.00–1.13).
Conclusion The present analysis suggested that older age and history of heart failure were significant risk factors for POAF consistently whether the included studies were prospective or retrospective datasets.
Analysis of Endoscopy Intervention in Postesophagectomy Anastomotic Leak: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ma Han , Wang Jun , Xi Qinhua , Shi Dongtao , Zheng Shiying , Ma Haitao , Ge Jinfeng 
Published: August 2018

Background Anastomotic leak after esophagectomy is one of the most challenging complications resulting in a high morbidity and mortality and prolonged hospitalization. The aim of this retrospective study was to access the impact of endoscopy intervention in anastomotic leak.
Methods A retrospective review was conducted at our hospital from January 2008 to December 2016. In total, 263 patients who were diagnosed with an anastomotic leak after esophagectomy and underwent endoscopy examination were included in this study. First, all patients were divided into two groups based on a single criteria—whether they received endoscopy intervention or not—and comparisons were conducted between the two groups. Second, we categorized all patients into three groups based on the diameter of the anastomotic leak (group I: <5 mm; group II: 5–15 mm; group III: >15 mm). Detailed analyses were made for each group. Factors we considered included demographic factors, the length of postoperative hospital stay, the amount of medical expenditure, limited days of oral intake, and the incurrence of complications. Data relating to those factors were collected and then analyzed using standard statistic tools.
Results In general, the difference between endoscopy intervention and conservative measure was significant. Moreover, the hospital stay (p < 0.001; p = 0.018), medical expenditure (p < 0.001; p = 0.003), limited days of oral intake (p < 0.001; p = 0.019), and postoperative complications such as hemorrhage (p < 0.001; p = 0.036), tracheoesophageal fistula (p = 0.002; p = 0.017), and anastomosis stricture (p = 0.03; p = 0.026) were significantly lower among patients who received endoscopy intervention in groups II and III. However, no significant difference was identified between endoscopy intervention and conservative measure in group I.
Conclusions Endoscopy intervention is safe and effective in the diagnosis and treatment of postesophagectomy anastomotic leak. Especially for patients with a diameter of anastomotic leaks greater than 5 mm, the advantages of endoscopy intervention should not be neglected.
Early Clinical Experience with Double Ring Implantation for Aortic and Mitral Valve Repair
Authors: Russo M. , Andreas M. , Rankin S. J. , Maisano F. , Weber A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReconstruction of cardiac valves is associated with reduced mortality, including in multiple valve surgery. However, multiple valve repair is still considered a challenge, even with established techniques. Recently, internal aortic ring annuloplasty has been introduced and could simplify multiple valve reconstruction. This study reports early results with double ring aortic and mitral valve repair. Three patients with bivalvular degenerative regurgitation were managed with combined aortic and mitral valve repair using double rings. Mean (±SD) age was 41 ± 21 years, preoperative left ventricular end-diastolic volume was 119 ± 53 mL/m2, and ejection fraction was 0.50 ± 0.07. Mean aortic ring diameter was 21 mm, and mitral rings averaged 32 mm. No operative mortalities or major complications were observed. No valve-related events occurred. Postoperative echo showed complete resolution of mitral and aortic regurgitation. Postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased to 98 ± 10 mL/m2; no left ventricular outflow tract obstruction or significant transvalvular gradients were observed. Postoperative cardiac CTs showed an optimal three-dimensional configuration of aortic and mitral annuloplasty devices. This initial series demonstrated the feasibility and safety of combined aortic and mitral repair with double rings. Clinical and hemodynamic results were promising. Increasing application and more clinical experience with combined aortic and mitral double ring repair seems indicated.
World English and World Englishes: perspectives from English language learners in Iran
Authors: Tamimi Sa’d Seyyed Hatam 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
The global spread of English has led to the emergence of non-native varieties of English in the world and this has, as a consequence, prompted many scholars to discuss and acknowledge World Englishes (WEs, i.e., non-native varieties of English) in addition to World English (WE; i.e., English as an international language). The present study set out to assess Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ attitudes toward WE and WEs using a questionnaire, adopted from previous relevant research, and focus-group interviews. The participants consisted of 38 EFL learners. The results revealed the remarkably positive attitudes of the participants toward WE but not toward WEs nor to “Iranian English” (i.e., “Expanding Circle”). The findings therefore indicated that Iranian language learners perceive the Standard English spoken in English speaking countries such as the US and UK (i.e., “Inner Circle”) as the only legitimate reference group.
On bounds of homological dimensions in Nakayama algebras
Authors: Madsen Dag , Marczinzik René 
Published: August 2018

Let

A
A

be a Nakayama algebra with

n
n

simple modules and a simple module

S
S

of even projective dimension. Choose

m
m

minimal such that a simple

A
A

-module with projective dimension

2
m

2m

exists. Then we show that the global dimension of

A
A

is bounded by

n
+
m
−
1

n+m-1

. This gives a combined generalisation of results of Gustafson [J. Algebra 97 (1985), pp. 14–16] and Madsen [Projective dimensions and Nakayama algebras, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2005]. In [Comm. Algebra 22 (1994), pp. 1271–1280], Brown proved that the global dimension of quasi-hereditary Nakayama algebras with

n
n

simple modules is bounded by

n
n

. Using our result on the bounds of global dimensions of Nakayama algebras, we give a short new proof of this result and generalise Brown’s result from quasi-hereditary to standardly stratified Nakayama algebras, where the global dimension is replaced with the finitistic dimension.
Using Two-Sex Life Table Traits to Assess the Fruit Preference and Fitness of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Jaleel Waqar , Tao Xiaobing , Wang Desen , Lu Lihua , He Yurong 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Bactrocera flies are economic pests of agricultural crops all over the world. Among Bactrocera flies, oriental fruit fly is an economically important pest of fruit crops in the world. Basic studies of Bactrocera flies are very important and helpful to the development of integrated management strategies. However, basic studies regarding behavior and age-stage, two-sex life table traits for this pest, which are vital for designing effective control methods, are currently lacking. Considering the importance of B. dorsalis, this study aimed to evaluate the fruit preference and age-stage, two-sex life table traits of B. dorsalis on guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), and banana (Musa acuminata) fruits in the laboratory. In choice and no-choice tests, the number of visits and oviposition punctures made by female B. dorsalis flies were significantly higher on guava than those on papaya and banana. The life cycle from eggs to male (146.95 ± 3.43 d) and female (164.94 ± 3.85 d) adults was significantly longer on papaya than those on banana and guava. Bactrocera dorsalis females produced significantly more eggs when fed on guava (623.30 eggs female−1) than on papaya (527.80 eggs female−1) or banana (399.60 eggs female−1). Guava was the more suitable fruit for B. dorsalis, and could be used as a bait fruit to manage the B. dorsalis during the fruiting season of papaya and banana.
Witch’s Broom Disease of Lime (Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia): Identifying High-Risk Areas by Climatic Mapping
Authors: Donkersley Philip , Blanford Justine M , Queiroz Renan Batista , Silva Farley W S , Carvalho Claudine M , Al-Sadi Abdullah Mohammed , Elliot Simon L 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Biological invasions of vectorborne diseases can be devastating. Bioclimatic modeling provides an opportunity to assess and predict areas at risk from complex multitrophic interactions of pathogens, highlighting areas in need of increased monitoring effort. Here, we model the distribution of an economically critical vectorborne plant pathogen ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’, the etiological agent of Witches’ Broom Disease of Lime. This disease is a significant limiting factor on acid lime production (Citrus aurantifolia, Swingle) in the Middle East and threatens its production globally. We found that temperature, humidity, and the vector populations significantly determine disease distribution. Following this, we used bioclimatic modeling to predict potential novel sites of infections. The model outputs identified potential novel sites of infection in the citrus producing regions of Brazil and China. We also used our model to explore sites in Oman where the pathogen may not be infectious, and suggest nurseries be established there. Recent major turbulence in the citrus agricultural economy has highlighted the importance of this work and the need for appropriate and targeted monitoring programs to safeguard lime production.
Best Practice Recommendations for Replicating Experiments in Public Administration
Authors: Walker Richard M , Brewer Gene A , Lee M Jin , Petrovsky Nicolai , van Witteloostuijn Arjen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Replication is an important mechanism through which broad lessons for theory and practice can be drawn in the applied interdisciplinary social science field of public administration. We suggest a common replication framework for public administration that is illustrated by experimental work in the field. Drawing on knowledge from other disciplines, together with our experience in replicating several experiments on topics such as decision making, organizational rules, and government–citizen relationships, we provide an overview of the replication process. We then distill this knowledge into seven decision points that offer a clear set of best practices on how to design and implement replications in public administration. We conclude by arguing that replication should be part of the normal scientific process in public administration to help to build valid middle-range theories and provide valuable lessons to practice.