bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone mineral density is preserved in men with idiopathic infertility
Authors: Antonio L. , Priskorn L. , Nordkap L. , Bang A. K. , Jensen T. K. , Skakkebæk N. E. , Petersen J. H. , Vanderschueren D. , Jørgensen N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundLower semen quality is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, which may include osteoporosis.ObjectiveTo assess whether infertile men have a lower bone mineral density (BMD) compared with fertile men at the time of fertility workup.MethodsA total of 146 men from infertile couples with unexplained impaired semen quality, characterized by sperm concentration < 20 million/mL, progressive motility < 50% or < 12% morphologically normal spermatozoa. Men with infertility due to a genetic etiology or a condition that could cause testicular damage were excluded. A total of 271 men from couples with an ongoing naturally conceived pregnancy served as a control group. Lumbar, femoral, and total body BMD were measured by dual X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsInfertile men had similar BMD compared with fertile men (Beta coefficient (g/cm2) and 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two groups: −0.02 (−0.05; 0.01) for lumbar BMD, −0.02 (−0.05; 0.01) for femoral neck BMD, −0.01 (−0.04; 0.02) for total femur BMD, and −0.01 (−0.03; 0.01) for total body BMD). Semen parameters were not associated with BMD measurements. Furthermore, BMD did not differ between infertile men with the lowest semen quality vs. infertile men with better semen quality nor between infertile men with low testosterone vs. fertile men with normal testosterone levels.ConclusionBone mineral density is preserved in men with unexplained infertility at the time of fertility workup.
Annotation: travel and thrombosis
Authors: Czuprynska Julia , Arya Roopen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTravel appears to be a weak risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and is more relevant for passengers with additional VTE risk factors. The association is not limited to air travel and is related to duration of travel. Life‐threatening pulmonary embolism (PE) is rare. There is limited evidence to support interventions, including ‘sensible measures’, graduated compression stockings (GCS) and low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH). It is difficult to confidently define a population who would benefit from thromboprophylaxis and no validated risk assessment exists for this purpose. LMWH has traditionally been used for flight thromboprophylaxis but a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) would be a more appealing oral option.
Modulating macrophage polarization on titanium implant surface by poly(dopamine)‐assisted immobilization of IL4
Authors: Wang Yulan , Qi Haoning , Miron Richard J. , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the past few decades, very little research has been carried out to modify implant surfaces to improve osteointegration through the regulation of immune cells.PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate whether the poly(dopamine) (pDA)‐assisted immobilization of IL4 on titanium surfaces could modulate the inflammatory profile of macrophages in vitro and search for the possibility of enhancing implant integration in this way.Material and MethodsThe surface composition, topography, and roughness of SLA, SLA‐pDA, and SLA‐pDA‐IL4 discs were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Then the releasing profile of the SLA‐pDA‐IL4 implants was recorded for 1 week and the bioactivity of released IL4 was investigated by ELISA. Then macrophage polarization was investigated via three methods including: (a) surface marker via immunofluorescence; (b) mRNA levels of M1 and M2 polarization markers via real‐time PCR, and (c) cytokine release via ELISA.ResultsSEM and EDS revealed that pDA and IL4 were coated successfully on SLA surfaces. The ELISA results showed that IL4 remained its bioactivity on SLA surface and were immobilized on the SLA surface. The immobilization of IL4 through pDA has no significant influence on the attachment, morphology, and proliferation of macrophages, while it increased the M2/M1 proportion in human macrophages revealed by immunofluorescence. The real‐time PCR and ELISA results demonstrated that SLA‐pDA‐IL4 surface reduced the pro‐inflammatory profile compared with SLA‐pDA and SLA surfaces.ConclusionsThe SLA‐pDA‐IL4 surfaces described here is able to activate adherent macrophages into M2 phenotype and reduce the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Immobilization of IL4 via pDA is convenient and effective, thus providing an applicable way to control macrophage behavior upon implant insertion and is anticipated to accelerating further bone integration.
Dermoscopic features of lichen planopilaris in Northern Iran: a prospective observational study
Authors: Eftekhari Hojat , Azimi Seyyede Zeinab , Rafiei Rana , Darjani Abbas , Alizadeh Narges , Rafiei Elahe , Ghadarjani Reyhaneh , Gharaei Nejad Kaveh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDermoscopy can be helpful in assessing nonpigmented lesions and inflammatory processes like lichen planopilaris (LPP).Material & MethodsIn this observational prospective study, 81 patients with a cicatricial alopecic patch on their scalp were included and underwent dermatologic examination. A biopsy was taken from the active part of the lesion based on dermoscopy evaluation.ResultsAnalysis of 44 patients with definite diagnosis of LPP revealed that the mean age at the time of presentation was 44.05 ± 12.62 years. More than 77% of patients had at least one form of the follicular opening disorder. About 75% of patients had shaft disorders. The most common pattern of pigmentation was milky‐red (97.73%). The irregular and ectatic vascular network were seen in 59.09% of patients. Patients with coiled and twisted hairs, small yellow dots, large yellow dots, and peripilar sign were more likely to have shorter disease duration (P < 0.05). Those with overall shaft disorders were younger (P = 0.02). Small yellow dots (P = 0.025) and peripilar sign (P = 0.039) were more common in female patients.ConclusionDermoscopy can be a helpful diagnostic tool in differentiating LPP among patients with primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA). Larger cohort studies are recommended to find the role of demographic factors in predicting the dermoscopic patterns among LPP patients.
A perspective on causation of the chronic fatigue syndrome by considering its nosology
Authors: White Peter Denton 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe causes of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remain unknown, with many failures to replicate new findings. This may be because the condition is hard to diagnose, difficult to classify, or because of its heterogeneous nature. Authors have problems in differentiating CFS from myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), which leads many to label it as a hybrid CFS/ME or ME/CFS. Attempts to validate the many published criterion‐based definitions have ended in failure. The International Classification of Diseases provide several different descriptions to choose from, although the latest 11th edition has narrowed this down.This paper describes conventional attempts to define and classify the illness, suggesting that this may be what leads to a failure to replicate putative causes. The approach to CFS/ME may require a shift in the assumption that the illness is homogeneous. An alternative approach is provided by studies suggesting that the condition is heterogeneous.ConclusionThe way forward may be to be over‐inclusive regarding the diagnosis as a first step, while subdividing the condition into likely subgroups as a means of finding valid and reliable associations with potential causes. Studies of aetiology must involve prospective designs since cross‐sectional studies cannot inform either aetiology or pathophysiology.
Learning values in shared decision‐making in undergraduate paramedic education
Authors: Eaton Georgette 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRationaleWhile professional values are seen as a fundamental part of element of shared decision‐making, there is little research on how they are learnt within the paramedic profession.Aims and objectivesThis study sought to understand how student paramedics developed their professional values within the ambulance practicum.Method37 paramedic students and 5 paramedic educators submitted diary entries and took part in focus groups.ResultsThere was a general consensus between participants that the study of professional values was viewed as a scholarly activity within the university, and the practicum subsequently viewed as unacademic. Students identified that much of their learning replicated values of the environment they were in, and educators voiced their concerns that this may not always result in the understanding behind professional values.ConclusionThis study has highlighted that professional values would be worthy of being explored within the paramedic undergraduate curriculum, in an effort to enable students to understand and develop their values during their education and appreciate the importance of values within shared decision‐making.
Histovariability in human clavicular cortical bone microstructure and its mechanical implications
Authors: Crane Matthew A. , Kato Kyle M. , Patel Biren A. , Huttenlocker Adam K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe human clavicle (i.e. collarbone) is an unusual long bone due to its signature S‐shaped curve and variability in macrostructure observed between individuals. Because of the complex nature of how the upper limb moves, as well as due to its complex musculoskeletal arrangement, the biomechanics, in particular the mechanical loadings, of the clavicle are not fully understood. Given that bone remodeling can be influenced by bone stress, the histologic organization of Haversian bone offers a hypothesis of responses to force distributions experienced across a bone. Furthermore, circularly polarized light microscopy can be used to determine the orientation of collagen fibers, providing additional information on how bone matrix might organize to adapt to direction of external loads. We examined Haversian density and collagen fiber orientation, along with cross‐sectional geometry, to test whether the clavicle midshaft shows unique adaptation to atypical load‐bearing when compared with the sternal (medial) and acromial (lateral) shaft regions. Because fractures are most common at the midshaft, we predicted that the cortical bone structure would show both disparities in Haversian remodeling and nonrandomly oriented collagen fibers in the midshaft compared with the sternal and acromial regions. Human clavicles (n = 16) were sampled via thin‐sections at the sternal, middle, and acromial ends of the shaft, and paired sample t‐tests were employed to evaluate within‐individual differences in microstructural or geometric properties. We found that Haversian remodeling is slightly but significantly reduced in the middle of the bone. Analysis of collagen fiber orientation indicated nonrandom fiber orientations that are overbuilt for tensile loads or torsion but are poorly optimized for compressive loads throughout the clavicle. Geometric properties of percent bone area, polar second moment of area, and shape (Imax/Imin) confirmed the conclusions drawn by existing research on clavicle macrostructure. Our results highlight that mediolateral shape changes might be accompanied by slight changes in Haversian density, but bone matrix organization is predominantly adapted to resisting tensile strains or torsion throughout and may be a major factor in the risk of fracture when experiencing atypical compression.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case‐control study
Authors: García‐Carrasco Mario , Mendoza‐Pinto Claudia , Munguía‐Realpozo Pamela , Méndez‐Valderrabano Fabiola , Méndez Martínez Socorro , Etchegaray Morales Ivet , Montiel‐Jarquín Álvaro , López‐Colombo Aurelio , Schmulson Max 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multisystemic involvement. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations are frequent but functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) have scarcely been studied in SLE. To determine the prevalence of FGIDs and their potential risk factors in SLE female patients vs controls.MethodsSystemic lupus erythematosus patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and controls completed the Rome III questionnaire for FGIDs and a structured interview to assess sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment variables after excluding organic GI diseases. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors (ie, alcohol drinking, medications) for FGIDs.Key ResultsResponders included 113 SLE patients and 122 age‐matched controls. The presence of at least one FGIDs was higher in SLE (73.4%) vs controls (54.1%), P = .003. The most frequent FGIDs in SLE patients were nausea and vomiting disorders (NVD), belching disorders, globus, anorectal pain, functional heartburn (FH), and functional bloating (FB). After adjustment for confounding variables, SLE was associated with NVD (OR: 7.1, 95% CI: 2.7‐19.1) globus (3.5, 1.3‐9.3), anorectal pain (3.4, 1.4‐8.4), and FH (2.5, 1.5‐4.4). The simultaneous presence of >1 FGID was more common in SLE patients than controls (69.8% vs 31.8%). Glucocorticoids (5.2, 1.3‐19.9) and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; 3.0, 1.1‐8.0) were associated with any FGID in SLE patients while alcohol drinking with gallbladder/sphincter of Oddi disorders 7.4 (1.1‐47.3).Conclusions and InferencesFunctional gastrointestinal disorders are more frequent in SLE patients compared with controls. Medication that may alter gastrointestinal homeostasis, such as glucocorticoids and NSAIDs, are potential risk factors for FGIDs in SLE.
A novel method for evaluating the effect of pollution on the human skin under controlled conditions
Authors: Curpen Seerooven , Francois‐Newton Veronique , Moga Alain , Hosenally Muzzammil , Petkar Gitanjali , Soobramaney Vitisha , Ruchaia Bryna , Lutchmanen Kolanthan Vimi , Roheemun Naailah , Sokeechand Bibi N. , Aumeeruddy Zaahira , Ramracheya Reshma D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundGenerally considered as a major risk factor for various respiratory diseases, air pollution can also have a significant impact on the skin. To date, there is a plethora of cosmetics products with “anti‐pollution” claims. However, these claims have not been fully substantiated with robust scientific evidence and currently there is no standardized method in place for validating the anti‐pollution efficacy of cosmetics products.Materials and MethodsThis article discusses an innovative Controlled Pollution Exposure System (CPES) which allows quantified administration of pollutants on the skin and analysis of their direct impact. Using CPES, human subjects were exposed to ambient dust and ozone and sebum were sampled and analyzed for biomarkers.ResultsFollowing exposure of human subjects’ skin to either ambient dust(100‐450 μg/cm3) or ozone(100‐1000 ppb), analysis of sebum revealed a significant decrease in squalene concentration, and significant increases in squalene monohydroperoxide and malondialdehyde concentration.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate cutaneous oxidative stress induced by ambient dust and ozone. The findings also demonstrate the efficacy of CPES to accurately measure the direct effect of controlled gaseous and particulate pollutants on human skin and indicate that squalene, squalene monohydroperoxide and malondialdehyde may serve as potent biomarkers for evaluating potential anti‐pollution claims of cosmetics products.
Diagnostic accuracy and predictive value in differentiating the severity of dengue infection
Authors: Low Gary Kim Kuan , Kagize Jackob , Faull Katherine J. , Azahar Aizad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo review the diagnostic test accuracy and predictive value of statistical models in differentiating the severity of dengue infection.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (complete), PubMed and Scopus. Eligible studies to be included in this review were cohort studies with participants confirmed by laboratory test for dengue infection and comparison among the different severity of dengue infection by using statistical models. The methodological quality of the paper was assessed by independent reviewers using QUADAS‐2.ResultsTwenty‐six studies published from 1994 to 2017 were included. Most diagnostic models produced an accuracy of 75% to 80% except one with 86%. Two models predicting severe dengue according to the WHO 2009 classification have 86% accuracy. Both of these logistic regression models were applied during the first three days of illness, and their sensitivity and specificity were 91–100% and 79.3–86%, respectively. Another model which evaluated the 30‐day mortality of dengue infection had an accuracy of 98.5%.ConclusionAlthough there are several potential predictive or diagnostic models for dengue infection, their limitations could affect their validity. It is recommended that these models be revalidated in other clinical settings and their methods be improved and standardised in future.
Prediction of Residual Stress Random Fields for Selective Laser Melted A357 Aluminum Alloy Subjected to Laser Shock Peening
Authors: Hatamleh Mohammad I. , Mahadevan Jagannathan , Malik Arif , Qian Dong , Kovacevic Radovan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResidual stress (RS) is a major processing issue for selective laser melting (SLM) of metal alloys. Postprocessing by way of heat treatment or hot isostatic pressing is usually required for acceptable mechanical properties. In this work, laser shock peening (LSP) treatment on both SLM and cast aluminum A357 alloys are compared with regard to the development of beneficial near-surface compressive RS. Experiments are conducted using high energy nanosecond pulsed laser, together with a fast photodetector connected to a high-resolution oscilloscope and high-speed camera to identify detailed temporal and spatial laser pulse profiles to improve numerical predictions. Constitutive modeling for SLM A357 alloy is performed using finite element simulation and data obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Since XRD-RS measurements are accompanied with significant machine-reported error, an effective method is introduced to quantify the material constitutive model uncertainty in terms of a joint probability mass function. Conventionally, most constitutive behavior research for LSP involves deterministic material modeling. Predicted RS using deterministic approaches fail to reflect real-world variations in the materials, laser treatment, or RS measurements. A discretized Bayesian inference is used to quantify the rate-dependent plasticity material model parameters as a joint probability function. RS are then characterized as random fields, which provides far greater insight into the practical ability to attain desired residual stresses. Moreover, for identical LSP treatments, it is determined that the material models are significantly different for the SLM and the conventional cast A357 aluminum alloys, resulting in much lower magnitude of compressive RS in the SLM alloy.
Influence of Liquid Properties on Energy Conversion During Crown Evolution Following Drop Impact Upon Films
Authors: Zhang Yujia , Liu Peiqing , Qu Qiulin , Liu Fanglin , Agarwal Ramesh K. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The energy conversion is proposed to analyze the effects of liquid properties on the formation of an ejecta sheet, prompt splashing, and crown evolution. The incompressible laminar Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the volume-of-fluid (VOF) model are solved numerically in an axisymmetric frame to simulate the impact process. Based on the energy conversion curves and liquid–gas interface shapes, the Weber number is shown to be the main dimensionless quantity controlling the impact process, especially with regard to crown evolution. However, the Reynolds number does have some influence on the drop impact process, especially during the stage of ejecta sheet formation and prompt splashing. By studying energy conversion during the impact process, the crown evolution is shown to be accelerated significantly with decreasing Weber number, but is hardly affected by the Reynolds number. A linear relation is found between the time to the moment of crown stabilization (when the crown height reaches its maximum value) and the square root of the Weber number. The relationship between the Weber number and the energy distribution at the moment of crown stabilization is also studied.
Hydrodynamic Lubricant Film Separation During Codirectional and Counter-Directional Rotations of Disengaged Wet Clutch Packs
Authors: Morris N. J. , Patel R. , Rahnejat H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The parasitic drag losses incurred by wet clutches, used in transmission systems, can significantly affect vehicular powertrain efficiency. This paper presents a novel implicit solution for hydrodynamic parasitic drag losses of disengaged clutches. These are generated by conjunctional friction, taking into account lubricant film separation during codirectional and counter-directional disk pair rotations. Lubricant film rupture is considered through application of incipient reverse flow boundary condition, which is representative of lubricant film separation. The results point to the operating conditions at which significant power losses occur. In particular, the time efficient model is able to represent the small losses incurred during codirectional rotation of disk pairs.
HbA1c target achievement in the elderly: results of the Titration and Optimization trial for initiation of insulin glargine 100 U/mL in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs
Authors: Fritsche Andreas , Anderten Helmut , Pfohl Martin , Pscherer Stefan , Borck Anja , Pegelow Katrin , Bramlage Peter , Seufert J 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo identify real-world, age-related trends in the use of insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) as part of basal-supported oral therapy (BOT).Research design and methodsThe prospective, observational Titration and Optimization registry enrolled patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus initiated on Gla-100 BOT. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with capillary fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≤110 mg/dL on ≥2 occasions and/or who met their individual HbA1c target within 12 months.Results2462 patients were analyzed (<65 years: n=1122; 65–74 years: n=771; ≥75 years: n=569). Diabetes duration (6.8, 8.9, and 11.2 years, p<0.0001) and proportion of women (40.7%, 47.9%, and 55.7%, p<0.0001) increased with age. Baseline HbA1c was highest in <65-year-olds (8.6% vs 8.4% and 8.5%, p<0.0001). Gla-100 up-titration until 12 months was highest in <65-year-olds (+11.6 U/day), compared with 65–74 (+10.2 U/day) and ≥75 years (+8.8; p<0.0001) but similar by units per kilogram, as was the decrease in FBG (<65: −64.1 mg/dL; 65–74: −56.1 mg/dL; ≥75: −53.4 mg/dL) and HbA1c (<65: −1.47%; 65–74: −1.31%; ≥75: −1.22%, p<0.0001). At 12 months, 65.9% of participants met the primary endpoint, with no significant difference between age groups. The proportion achieving their individual HbA1c target was lower for <65-year-olds (46.0% vs 54.3% and 54.7%; p<0.02). Symptomatic hypoglycemia incidence was more common in the ≥75-year-old group (3.4% vs 1.4% and 1.4%; p=0.0126).ConclusionsBOT with Gla-100 results in similar improvements of glycemic values with low risk of hypoglycemia across age groups. Given the link between HbA1c and long-term cardiovascular risk, ensuring appropriately stringent target-setting, intensification of basal insulin and making sure hypoglycemia is avoided is of paramount importance.Trial registration numberDatabase:https://awbdb.bfarm.de; Identifier: 1641; Date of registration: September 23, 2013