bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poisson's probability‐based Q‐Routing techniques for message forwarding in opportunistic networks
Authors: Sharma Deepak Kumar , Kukreja Deepika , Aggarwal Pranav , Kaur Manpreet , Sachan Ayushee 
Published: May 2018

SummaryOpportunistic Networks (OppNets) are intermittently connected infrastructure less wireless networks. There is no continuous end‐to‐end connection between the sender and the receiver, and hence nodes follow a store‐carry‐forward mechanism. The routing algorithm is required to be adaptive to the changing topology of the network. In this work, Q‐Routing technique has been used with forwarding probability and incorporated using Poisson's probability for decision making and controlling transmission energy. The algorithm refines the forwarding decision of finding the next suitable hop by exploiting the characteristics of nodes such as daily routines, mobility pattern, etc. In simulations, the performance of PBQ‐Routing is compared with Q‐Routing, Epidemic Routing, PRoPHET (Probabilistic Routing Protocol using History of Encounters and Transitivity), and HBPR (History Based Prediction Routing) for OppNets. The use of Poisson's distribution improves the effectiveness of the probabilistic forwarding decision. The findings show that the delivery probability of PBQ‐Routing almost gets doubled and overhead ratio reduces to half in comparison with that of Q‐Routing when used in OppNets. PBQ‐Routing outperforms other Q‐Routing based algorithms over Poisson's distribution. As there is less replication in case of PBQ‐Routing, it also saves the transmission energy.
Innovation in eating disorders research and practice: Expanding our community and perspectives at the 2018 International Conference on Eating Disorders: Editorial to accompany IJED Virtual Issue in honor of the 2018 International Conference on Eating Disorders.
Authors: Diedrichs Phillippa C. , von Ranson Kristin M. , Thomas Jennifer J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis virtual issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) highlights the excellent and innovative research and practice discussed at the 2018 International Conference on Eating Disorders held in Chicago, Illinois, USA.Method and ResultsThe virtual issue contains a series of articles recently published in IJED, which we have curated to reflect and expand on the insights delivered during the conference keynote and plenary presentations.DiscussionIn line with the conference theme of Innovation in Research and Practice: Expanding our Community and Perspectives, we hope this collection of articles will spark new ideas for research, practice, and collaboration to accelerate knowledge on eating disorder risk factors and recovery, and the reach and impact of evidence‐based treatment, prevention, and policy efforts.
Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Hydroquinone and Bisphenol A using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Ianesko Felipe , Alves de Lima Camila , Antoniazzi Cristiane , Santana Edson Roberto , Piovesan Jamille Valéria , Spinelli Almir , Galli Andressa , Guimarães de Castro Eryza 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a rapid and sensitive modified electrode for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and bisphenol A (BPA) is proposed. The simultaneous determination of these two compounds is extremely important since they can coexist in the same sample and are very harmful to plants, animals and the environment in general. A carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified with silver nanoparticles (nAg) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The PVP was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent of nAg from silver nitrate in aqueous media. The nAg‐PVP composite obtained was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of HQ and BPA at the nAg‐PVP/CPE was investigated in 0.1 mol L−1 B−R buffer (pH 6.0) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The results indicate that the electrochemical responses are improved significantly with the use of the modified electrode. The calibration curves obtained by SWV, under the optimized conditions, showed linear ranges of 0.09–2.00 μmol L−1 for HQ (limit of detection 0.088 μmol L−1) and 0.04–1.00 μmol L−1 for BPA (limit of detection 0.025 μmol L−1). The modified electrode was successfully applied in the analysis of water samples and the results were comparable to those obtained using UV‐vis spectroscopy.
Powder Conductivity Assessment Using a Disposable 3D Printed Device
Authors: Fraser Alison , Zhang Zishuai , Merle Geraldine , Gostick Jeff , Barralet Jake 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis work describes a low‐cost 3D printed apparatus developed for powder electrical conductivity measurement with electrodes fitted in either a two‐probe or four probe van der Pauw configurations. Electrical conductivity was then measured as a function of density by compressing the powders in an Instron mechanical test machine. Highly conductive carbon black, lower conductive Fe3O4 and titania carbon nanotube composites were further tested under both methodologies to assess their reliability. Small powder masses are required for each measurement and our data matched well with literature values. It appeared that 3D printed polymer dies could be used to measure powder conductivity, though loss of material on the die walls was a source of error especially for small powder volumes.
Effect of pH on the Reduction of Graphene Oxide on its Structure and Oxygen Reduction Capabilities in the Alkaline Media
Authors: Glass Dean E. , Surya Prakash G. K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe reduction of many catalysts in aqueous media is usually carried out in a basic environment using most reducing agents. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized and reduced by sodium borohydride in an aqueous solution over a wide spectrum of pH values ranging from 1 to 13. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the reduction of the graphene oxide at each respective pH value. Raman and X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra displayed an increased repair in the graphitic sp2 domain of the catalysts as the pH value of the solution was increased. Half‐cell electrochemical testing in basic media showed higher oxygen reduction capabilities in the catalysts that were reduced at higher pH values. The onset potential of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) also increased as the pH of the solution increased overall due to the increased repair in the graphitic domain of the catalysts reduced at higher pH values.
The characteristics, origin, and significance of mafic microgranular enclaves in the granitoids from the Bailingshan complex, Eastern Tianshan, NW China
Authors: Chen Shu'e , Fan Shuanghu , Yang Liuchen , Zhang Yibin , Zhang Li , Liu Lei , Zhang Tianyu 
Published: May 2018

The Bailingshan complex is located to the south of the Jueluotage tectonic belt of Eastern Tianshan, consisting of quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite, monzogranite, and granite. Mafic microgranular enclaves (MME) are commonly found in granodiorites and monzogranites and have sharp contacts with the host rocks. Sometimes, the fine veins of the host rocks cut through the enclaves. The MMEs are mainly fine‐grained dioritic rocks, including diorite and pyroxene diorite with igneous textures, and having condensing edges with rich fine dark minerals. Among the enclaves, the orthoclase xenocryst with hornblende aggregation rim at its edge, acicular apatites in plagioclase, sometimes late‐crystallized biotites between the oscillatory zonings of plagioclase, and hornblende metasomatic rims occur around the pyroxene phenocrysts can be observed. Both the host rocks and the enclaves are metaluminous and calc‐alkaline to high‐K calc‐alkaline rocks. The enclaves have lower SiO2 and higher Al2O3, FeOT, MgO, CaO, and TiO2 concentrations, as well as higher amounts of the trace elements Cr, Sc, and Th than the host rocks. The host rocks and the enclaves exhibit similar rare earth elements patterns and linear relation of oxides. The sulphur isotopes (δ34S(V‐CDT) = −1.7‰ to +0.7‰) from the iron ores in the Bailingshan area indicate that the mineralization materials originated from the upper mantle. All of these lithology and geochemistry characteristics demonstrate that the enclaves were formed by the mixture of mantle‐derived mafic magma and crust‐derived felsic magma. The iron ore mineralization in the Bailingshan area may be associated with the magma mixing.
Using stable isotopes to estimate travel times in a data‐sparse Arctic catchment: Challenges and possible solutions
Authors: Tetzlaff Doerthe , Piovano Thea , Ala‐Aho Pertti , Smith Aaron , Carey Sean K. , Marsh Philip , Wookey Philip A. , Street Lorna E. , Soulsby Chris 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUse of isotopes to quantify the temporal dynamics of the transformation of precipitation into run‐off has revealed fundamental new insights into catchment flow paths and mixing processes that influence biogeochemical transport. However, catchments underlain by permafrost have received little attention in isotope‐based studies, despite their global importance in terms of rapid environmental change. These high‐latitude regions offer limited access for data collection during critical periods (e.g., early phases of snowmelt). Additionally, spatio‐temporal variable freeze–thaw cycles, together with the development of an active layer, have a time variant influence on catchment hydrology. All of these characteristics make the application of traditional transit time estimation approaches challenging. We describe an isotope‐based study undertaken to provide a preliminary assessment of travel times at Siksik Creek in the western Canadian Arctic. We adopted a model–data fusion approach to estimate the volumes and isotopic characteristics of snowpack and meltwater. Using samples collected in the spring/summer, we characterize the isotopic composition of summer rainfall, melt from snow, soil water, and stream water. In addition, soil moisture dynamics and the temporal evolution of the active layer profile were monitored. First approximations of transit times were estimated for soil and streamwater compositions using lumped convolution integral models and temporally variable inputs including snowmelt, ice thaw, and summer rainfall. Comparing transit time estimates using a variety of inputs revealed that transit time was best estimated using all available inflows (i.e., snowmelt, soil ice thaw, and rainfall). Early spring transit times were short, dominated by snowmelt and soil ice thaw and limited catchment storage when soils are predominantly frozen. However, significant and increasing mixing with water in the active layer during the summer resulted in more damped steam water variation and longer mean travel times (~1.5 years). The study has also highlighted key data needs to better constrain travel time estimates in permafrost catchments.
Assessing baseflow index vulnerability to variation in dry spell length for a range of catchment and climate properties
Authors: Longobardi Antonia , Van Loon Anne Frederike 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBaseflow index (BFI) prediction in ungauged basins has largely been based on the use of catchment physiographic attributes as dominant variables. In a context where changes in climate are increasingly evident, it is also important to study how the slow component of flow is potentially affected by climate. The aim of this study was to illustrate the impact of climate variability on the baseflow process based on analysis of daily rainfall characteristics and hydrological modelling simulation exercises validated with observed data. Ten catchments were analysed that span southern to northern Europe and range from arid Mediterranean to maritime temperate climate conditions. Additionally, more than 2,000 virtual catchments were modelled that cover an extended gradient of physiographic and climate properties. The relative amounts of baseflow were summarized by the BFI. The catchment slow response delay time (Ks) was assumed to be a measure of catchment effects, and the impact of climate properties was investigated with the dry spell length (d). Well‐drained and poorly‐drained groups were identified based on Ks and d, and their response to an increase or decrease in dry spell length was analysed. Overall, for either well‐ or poorly‐drained groups, an extension in dry spell length appeared to have minor effects on the baseflow compared with a decrease in dry spell length. Under the same dry spell variation, the BFI vulnerability appeared higher for catchments characterized by large initial d values in combination with poorly‐drained systems, but attributing an equal weight to the variations in d both in the case of dry and wet initial conditions, it is in the end concluded that the BFI vulnerability appears higher for systems laying in the transition zone between well‐ and poorly‐drained systems.
Risk factors for self‐reported postpartum hemorrhage in Ga East, Ghana
Authors: Valdes Viviane , Adongo Philip B. , Nwameme Adanna U. , Tabong Philip T.N. , Fernandes Michelle 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo document the prevalence of self‐reported postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in Ga East, Accra, Ghana, and examine the demographic, biological, and social risk factors for PPH.MethodsThe present study was a cross‐sectional secondary analysis of data collected during 2010–2012 from the Ghana Essential Health Interventions Program, a quasi‐experimental interventional study surveying households in the urban Ga East Municipal District. The analysis included data from randomly selected parous women of childbearing age (15–49 years), excluding those with a history of abortion (spontaneous or induced) or stillbirth. The χ2 test and logistic regression were used to identify significant risk factors for self‐reported PPH.ResultsThe current analysis included 2136 women. Self‐reported PPH was recorded for 95 (4.4%) participants. The maternal age at delivery, the duration of labor, and the number of skilled delivery providers were significantly associated with self‐reported PPH. Prolonged labor (odds ratio 3.70, 95% confidence interval 2.27–5.94; P<0.001) and maternal age (odds ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.94–0.99; P=0.020) were predictors of self‐reported PPH.ConclusionProlonged labor and younger maternal age were related to a higher burden of reported PPH. These findings were congruent with global and regional data on the prevalence and risk factors for objectively measured PPH and could help focus intervention strategies to high‐risk groups, particularly in resource‐limited settings.
CONTEXTUAL ISSUES FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF HOME‐VISITATION PROGRAMS FOR AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE COMMUNITIES: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE TRIBAL MATERNAL, INFANT, AND EARLY CHILDHOOD HOME VISITING PROGRAM
Authors: Novins Douglas , Meyer Aleta , Beltangady Moushumi 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTHome‐visiting programs have become a key component of evidence‐based services for pregnant women, new mothers, their infants, and their families. When Congress authorized the Maternal Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program (MIECHV) in 2010, it set aside 3% of the $1.5 billion in funding to support home‐visiting programs operated by tribes, Tribal MIECHV programs have been funded in 14 states and have served over 3,100 families, providing nearly 55,000 home visits to families at risk for poor child, maternal, and family outcomes. In this Introduction to the Special Issue of the Infant Mental Health Journal on the Tribal MIECHV initiative, we provide some key contexts of the work of the Tribal MIECHV grantees as well as an overview of the issues covered in the other articles.
Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 promotes osterix expression to regulate osteogenic differentiation by targeting miRNA‐143 in human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Gao Yuan , Xiao Fei , Wang Chenglong , Wang Chuandong , Cui Penglei , Zhang Xiaoling , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOsteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) is essential for the human bone formation, and emerging evidence shows that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in hBMSC osteogenic differentiation. MALAT1 is often regarded as a tumor‐related lncRNA, but its function in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation remains to be defined. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether MALAT1 regulates Osterix (Osx) expression by sponging miR‐143 to promote hBMSC osteogenic differentiation. Firstly, we found that the expression of MALAT1 was much lower in hBMSCs from osteoporosis patients and miR‐143 was contrarily higher. In addition, MALAT1 expression increased, and miR‐143 decreased when hBMSCs were treated with osteogenic induction. Then, we used short hairpin RNAs to knockdown MALAT1, and the results showed that hBMSC osteogenic differentiation decreased significantly, indicating that MALAT1 is a positive regulator of osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs. Furthermore, by luciferase assays, we found that MALAT1 could directly bind to miR‐143 and negatively regulate its expression. Similarly, miR‐143 could directly bind to the target site on the Osx 3′‐UTR and then inhibit Osx expression. Knockdown of MALAT1 decreased Osx expression, and co‐transfection of miR‐143 inhibitor could rescue Osx mRNA expression. While Osx expression was increased in MALAT1‐overexpressing hBMSCs, it was reversed by the miR‐143 mimics. Moreover, Osx silencing decreased ALP, OCN, and OPN mRNA expression induced by the miR‐143 inhibitor. Altogether, our findings suggest that MALAT1 acts to regulate Osx expression through targeting miR‐143; thus, it is considered as a positive regulator in hBMSC osteogenic differentiation.
Increased fetal epicardial fat thickness: A novel ultrasound marker for altered fetal metabolism in diabetic pregnancies
Authors: Akkurt Mehmet O. , Turan Ozhan M. , Crimmins Sarah , Harman Christopher R. , Turan Sifa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether fetal epicardial fat thickness (EFT) differs in diabetic and nondiabetic pregnant women.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study of pregnancies between 24 and 36 weeks complicated by preexisting (PDM) or gestational (GDM) diabetes mellitus, matched one to one with controls for body mass index and gestational age (GA). Epicardial fat was identified as the hypoechogenic area between myocardium and visceral pericardium over the right ventricle and its thickness was measured by a single observer blinded to clinical condition and outcomes. A linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between GA and EFT, and regression lines were compared between diabetics and controls.Results53 PDM and 53 GDM pregnant women were matched with controls. With the exception of maternal age, the demographics were similar among groups. EFT increased significantly with advancing gestation in both diabetics and controls (P < 0.0001) and was significantly greater in diabetics than in controls (P < 0.0001). The best fit lines were different between diabetics (EFT = 0.05 × GA + 0.07 mm; R2 = 0.70) and controls (EFT = 0.07 × GA + 0.04 mm; R2 = 0.93) (P < 0.0001).ConclusionFetal EFT was greater in diabetics than in nondiabetics, and even greater in pregestational diabetics. EFT maybe an additional and/or earlier marker to identify early changes in fetal metabolism before accelerated fetal growth and polyhydramnios is apparent.
Can point shear wave elastography differentiate focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatocellular adenoma
Authors: Taimr Pavel , Klompenhouwer Anne Julia , Thomeer Maarten G. J. , Hansen Bettina E. , Ijzermans Jan N. M. , de Man Robert A. , de Knegt Robert J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeFocal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) are liver tumors that require different management. We assessed the potential of point shear wave elastography (pSWE) to differentiate FNH from HCA and the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of pSWE in the examination of these lesions and of native liver tissue (NLT).MethodsThe study included 88 patients (65 FNH, 23 HCA). pSWE was performed by two experienced liver sonographers (observers 1 [O1] and 2 [O2]) and acquired within the lesion of interest and NLT. Group differences, optimal cutoff for characterization and interobserver reliability was assessed with Mann‐Whitney‐U, area under the ROC curce (AUROC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Intraobserver reliability in NLT was assessed in 20 healthy subjects using ICC.ResultsMedian stiffness was significantly higher in FNH than in HCA (7.01 kPa vs 4.98 kPa for O1 (P = 0.017) and 7.68 kPa vs 6.00 kPa for O2 (P = 0.031)). A cutoff point for differentiation between the two entities could not be determined with an AUROC of 0.67 (O1) and 0.69 (O2). Interobserver reliability was good for lesion‐ stiffness (ICC = 0.86) and poor for NLT stiffness (ICC = 0.09). In healthy subjects, intraobserver reliability for NLT‐stiffness was poor for O1 (ICC = 0.23) and moderate for O2 (ICC = 0.62).ConclusionThis study shows that pSWE cannot reliably differentiate FNH from HCA. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability for pSWE in NLT were insufficient. Interpretation of results gained with this method should be done with great caution.
Do emergency physicians rely on point‐of‐care ultrasound for clinical decision making without additional confirmatory testing?
Authors: Moussa Mohamad , Stausmire Julie M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeIt is unknown if Emergency Physicians (EPs) rely solely on Emergency Medicine performed Point‐Of‐Care Ultrasound (EM‐POCUS) for clinical decision making or if they proceed to subsequent “gold standard” studies for confirmatory diagnosis.MethodsAfter Institutional Review Board approval, an online survey was distributed by the Ohio Chapter of the American College of Emergency Physicians to its members.ResultsThe most common EM‐POCUS procedures used without confirmatory testing were: determination of cardiac activity during cardiac arrest (81.3%), differentiating cellulitis from abscess (63.2%), central venous catheter placement confirmation (43.2%), pericardial effusion evaluation (41.9%) and focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST—37.4%). The responses regarding remaining procedures suggest most physicians do not use EM‐POCUS or verify EM‐POCUS findings with additional testing. One hundred fifty‐five survey responses provided a confidence interval of >90%. Two‐thirds (67.7%) of respondents were board‐certified EPs with 43.8% in practice for less than 5 years. EM‐POCUS examinations were performed at least weekly by 37.4% of respondents; 28.4% performed at least 1 EM‐POCUS examination per shift. Nearly half (47.7%) responded they had no concerns regarding use of EM‐POCUS.ConclusionsThis study describes the results of a survey on the use of EM‐POCUS for clinical decision making by Ohio EPs. A majority of them continues to rely on gold standard testing for confirmatory diagnosis, in addition to EM‐POCUS.