bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palaeogeological hiatus surface mapping: a tool to visualize vertical motion of the continents
Authors: FRIEDRICH ANKE M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDynamic topography is a well-established consequence of global geodynamic models of mantle convection with horizontal dimensions of >1000 km and amplitudes up to 2 km. Such physical models guide the interpretation of geological records on equal dimensions. Continent-scale geological maps therefore serve as reference frames of choice to visualize erosion/non-deposition as a proxy for long-wavelength, low-amplitude vertical surface motion. At a resolution of systems or series, such maps display conformable and unconformable time boundaries traceable over hundreds to thousands of kilometres. Unconformable contact surfaces define the shape and size of time gap (hiatus) in millions of years based on the duration of time represented by the missing systems or series. Hiatus for a single system or series base datum diminishes laterally to locations (anchor points) where it is conformable at the mapped resolution; it is highly dependent upon scale. A comparison of hiatus area between two successive system or series boundaries yields changes in location, shape, size and duration, indicative of the transient nature of vertical surface motion. As a single-step technique, it serves as a quantitative proxy for palaeotopography that can be calibrated using other geological data. The tool magnifies the need for geological mapping at the temporal resolution of stages, matching process rates. The method has no resolving power within conformable regions (basins) but connects around them. When applied to marine seismic sections that relate to rock record, not to time, biostratigraphic and radiometric data from deep wells are needed before hiatus areas – that relate to time – can be mapped.
Genetic and environmental contribution to the overlap between ADHD and ASD trait dimensions in young adults: a twin study
Authors: Ghirardi Laura , Pettersson Erik , Taylor Mark J. , Freitag Christine M. , Franke Barbara , Asherson Philip , Larsson Henrik , Kuja-Halkola Ralf 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundTraits of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are strongly associated in children and adolescents, largely due to genetic factors. Less is known about the phenotypic and aetiological overlap between ADHD and ASD traits in adults.MethodsWe studied 6866 individuals aged 20–28 years from the Swedish Study of Young Adult Twins. Inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) were assessed using the WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1. Repetitive and restricted behaviours (RRB) and social interaction and communication (SIC) were assessed using the Autism-Tics, ADHD, and other Comorbidities inventory. We used structural equation modelling to decompose covariance between these ADHD and ASD trait dimensions into genetic and shared/non-shared environmental components.ResultsAt the phenotypic level, IA was similarly correlated with RRB (r= 0.33; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.31–0.36) and with SIC (r= 0.32; 95% CI 0.29–0.34), whereas HI was more strongly associated with RRB (r= 0.38; 95% CI 0.35–0.40) than with SIC (r= 0.24; 95% CI 0.21–0.26). Genetic and non-shared environmental effects accounted for similar proportions of the phenotypic correlations, whereas shared environmental effects were of minimal importance. The highest genetic correlation was between HI and RRB (r= 0.56; 95% 0.46–0.65), and the lowest was between HI and SIC (r= 0.33; 95% CI 0.23–0.43).ConclusionsWe found evidence for dimension-specific phenotypic and aetiological overlap between ADHD and ASD traits in adults. Future studies investigating mechanisms underlying comorbidity between ADHD and ASD may benefit from exploring several symptom-dimensions, rather than considering only broad diagnostic categories.
Sun behaviour and physical activity associated with autumn vitamin D status in 4–8-year-old Danish children
Authors: Mortensen Charlotte , Mølgaard Christian , Hauger Hanne , Kristensen Michael , Damsgaard Camilla T 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo explore determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) during autumn in young, Caucasian children not consuming vitamin D-fortified foods or supplements, and explore differences in sun behaviours between pre-school and school children.DesignIn September–October, s-25(OH)D was measured by LC–MS/MS; physical activity, sun behaviours and vitamin D intake were assessed with questionnaires.SettingBaseline data from the ODIN Junior trial at 55°N.SubjectsChildren aged 4–8 years (n130), of whom 96% gave blood samples.ResultsMean s-25(OH)D was 56·8 (sd12·5) nmol/l and positively associated with fat-free mass index (P=0·014). Children being active 6–7 h/week had 5·6 (95% CI 1·1, 10·0) nmol/l higher s-25(OH)D than less active children (P=0·014). Children seeking shade sometimes or rarely/never had 7·0 (95% CI 1·2, 12·9;P=0·018) and 7·2 (95% CI 0·8, 13·6;P=0·028) nmol/l higher s-25(OH)D, respectively, than children always/often seeking shade. Pre-school children had more sun-safe behaviour than school children in terms of use of a hat, sunscreen and sunscreen sun protection factor (P<0·05). In school but not pre-school children, using a hat rarely/never was associated with 12·1 (95% CI 2·5, 21·7;P=0·014) nmol/l higher s-25(OH)Dv. always/often (Pinteraction=0·019). Vitamin D intake was not associated with s-25(OH)D (P=0·241).ConclusionsPhysical activity and sun behaviours are associated with s-25(OH)D in young children. Identifying factors influencing autumn s-25(OH)D is relevant to optimize levels before sun exposure diminishes. Strategies to reduce risk of inadequacy should consider risk of skin cancer and sunburn, and could include fortification and/or vitamin D supplementation.
Differential Response of Arkansas Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to Glyphosate and Mesotrione
Authors: Singh Shilpa , Roma-Burgos Nilda , Singh Vijay , Alcober Ed Allan L. , Salas-Perez Reiofeli , Shivrain Vinod 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe conducted a greenhouse study to evaluate the differential response of Palmer amaranth to glyphosate and mesotrione and to quantify the level of tolerance to mesotrione in recalcitrant (difficult-to-control) accessions and their offspring. Seeds were collected from 174 crop fields (corn, cotton, and soybean) across Arkansas between 2008 and 2016. Palmer amaranth seedlings (7 to 10 cm tall) were treated with glyphosate at 840 g ae ha–1or mesotrione at 105 g ha–1. Overall, 47% of the accessions (172) were resistant to glyphosate with 68% survivors. Almost 35% of accessions were highly resistant, with 90% survivors. The majority of survivors from glyphosate application incurred between 31% and 60% injury. Mesotrione killed 66% of the accessions (174); the remaining accessions had survivors with injury ranging from 61% to 90%. Accessions with the least response to mesotrione were selected to determine tolerance level. Dose–response assays were conducted with four recalcitrant populations and their F1progeny. The average effective doses (ED50) for the parent accessions and F1progeny of survivors were 21.5 g ha–1and 27.5 g ha–1, respectively. The recalcitrant parent populations were three- to five-fold more tolerant to mesotrione than the known susceptible population, as were the F1progeny.
Flexural Analysis Along the Sunda Trench: Bending, Buckling and Plate Coupling
Authors: Raghuram G. , Capitanio Fabio A. , Radhakrishna M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe bathymetry and free‐air gravity data offshore Sunda trench are used here to analyze the flexural forebulge and bending moment variations along the Southeast Asian subduction zone. The observed bathymetry is corrected for various effects such as the sediment loading, lithosphere age, and the gravity‐derived isostatically compensated topography, which gave rise to the flexural deformation surface of the subducting Indo‐Australian plate. From this, 28 across‐trench sections were constructed to model the plate flexural bending along the Sunda trench. We observed that except in the northern Sumatra trench, rest of the Sunda trench is in agreement with the flexural model explained by the bending moment applied by the slab. In the northern Sumatra part of the trench, additional horizontal stresses of ~30–40 MPa are required for better match of the flexural forebulge thereby increasing the coupling with the upper plate. The outcome of this analysis in comparison with the slab depth variation, which abruptly reduces from ~600 km in Java to ~200 km toward northern Sumatra, suggests that very large bending moment and horizontal stresses are anticorrelated with the slab depth. The shorter slab in Sumatra does not effectively pull the incoming plate in the mantle, and therefore, plate convergence is accommodated at shallow depth, increasing the coupling with the upper plate. We propose that horizontal stresses are the result of the lateral propagation of the stronger slab pull from the neighboring deeper southeastern Java slab.
Structural characterization of a novel KH-domain containing plant chloroplast endonuclease
Authors: Rout Ashok K. , Singh Himanshu , Patel Sunita , Raghvan Vandana , Gautam Saurabh , Minda R. , Rao Basuthkar J. , Chary Kandala V. R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChlamydomonas reinhardtiiis a single celled alga that undergoes apoptosis in response to UV-C irradiation. UVI31+, a novel UV-inducible DNA endonuclease inC.reinhardtii, which normally localizes near cell wall and pyrenoid regions, gets redistributed into punctate foci within the whole chloroplast, away from the pyrenoid, upon UV-stress. Solution NMR structure of the first putative UV inducible endonuclease UVI31+ revealed an α1–β1–β2–α2–α3–β3fold similar to BolA and type II KH-domain ubiquitous protein families. Three α−helices of UVI31+ constitute one side of the protein surface, which are packed to the other side, made of three-stranded β–sheet, with intervening hydrophobic residues. A twenty-three residues long polypeptide stretch (D54-H76) connecting β1and β2strands is found to be highly flexible. Interestingly, UVI31+ recognizes the DNA primarily through its β–sheet. We propose that the catalytic triad residues involving Ser114, His95 and Thr116 facilitate DNA endonuclease activity of UVI31+. Further, decreased endonuclease activity of the S114A mutant is consistent with the direct participation of Ser114 in the catalysis. This study provides the first structural description of a plant chloroplast endonuclease that is regulated by UV-stress response.
Histone H3K9 demethylase JMJD2B induces hepatic steatosis through upregulation of PPARγ2
Authors: Kim Ji-Hyun , Jung Dae Young , Nagappan Arulkumar , Jung Myeong Ho 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the progression of hepatic steatosis is important for identifying new therapeutic targets against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the functional role of histone demethylase JMJD2B in the pathologic regulation of hepatic steatosis. JMJD2B expression was markedly increased in HepG2 cells treated with palmitate and oleate or liver X receptor agonist T09013178 and in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Overexpression of JMJD2B using adenovirus in HepG2 cells stimulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) and its steatosis target genes associated with fatty acid uptake and lipid droplet formation, resulting in increased intracellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation. Conversely, knocking down JMJD2B using siRNA reversed JMJD2B-mediated effects in HepG2 cells. The JMJD2B-dependent upregulation of PPARγ2 was associated with the removal of di- and trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 on the promoter of PPARγ2. Furthermore, exogeneous expression of JMJD2B using adenovirus in mice resulted in hepatic steatosis when fed a HFD, which was accompanied with increased expression of hepatic PPARγ2 and its steatosis target genes. Together, our results provide novel insights into the pivotal role of JMJD2B in the development of hepatic steatosis through upregulation of PPARγ2 and steatosis target genes.
Altering Compliance of a Load Carriage Device in the Medial-Lateral Direction Reduces Peak Forces While Walking
Authors: Martin Jean-Paul , Li Qingguo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAltering mechanical compliance in load carriage structures has shown to reduce metabolic cost and accelerative forces of carrying weight. Currently, modifications to load carriage structures have been primarily targeted at vertical motion of the carried mass. No study to date has investigated altering load carriage compliance in the medial-lateral direction. We developed a backpack specifically for allowing a carried mass to oscillate in the horizontal direction, giving us the unique opportunity to understand the effects of lateral mass motion on human gait. Previous modelling work has shown that walking economy can be improved through the interaction of a bipedal model with a laterally oscillating walking surface. To test whether a laterally oscillating mass can experimentally improve walking economy, we systematically varied step width above and below the preferred level and compared the effects of carrying an oscillating and fixed mass. Walking with an oscillating mass was found to reduce the accelerative forces of load carriage in both horizontal and vertical directions. However, load eccentricity caused the vertical force component to create a significant bending moment in the frontal plane. Walking with an oscillating mass led to an increase in the metabolic energy expenditure during walking and an increase in positive hip work during stance. The device’s ability to reduce forces experienced by the user, due to load carriage, holds promise. However, the requirement of additional metabolic energy to walk with the device requires future study to improve.
Long read range Class‐3 UHF RFID system based on harmonic backscattering
Authors: Chen Xianliang , Chen Yong , Zhang Hualei , Yan Na , Wang Junyu , Min Hao , Zheng Li‐Rong 
Published: September 2018

A high sensitivity Class‐3 ultra high‐frequency (UHF) radio‐frequency identification (RFID) system based on harmonic backscattering to achieve a long read‐range is presented. Harmonic backscattering is a promising solution to solve the carrier leakage issue of UHF RFID reader to improve the sensitivity. In the proposed RFID system based on harmonic backscattering, the RFID reader transmits data with the fundamental frequency carrier and receives data with its second harmonic carrier, and the RFID tag employs a rectifier to generate both DC power and the second harmonic carrier for backscattering without impedance mismatch. The first harmonic Class‐3 UHF RFID system based on National Instruments software defined radio platform is proposed and implemented. The proposed semi‐passive harmonic RFID tag has dBm sensitivity. Test results show that the harmonic RFID system has a dBm sensitivity with the harmonic RFID tag whose signal‐to‐blocker ratio is dB at 20 m communication distance.
Comparison of altered mineral information extracted from ETM+, ASTER and Hyperion data in Águas Claras iron ore, Brazil
Authors: Huang Shuang , Chen Sheng‐Bo , Zhang Yuan‐Zhi 
Published: September 2018

Locations used to validate extraction results from remote sensing images are typically ground rock samples. However, remotely sensed image pixels are 30 m2 with mixing spectra. Rock samples cannot fully represent extraction results on an image. Here, alteration information associated with the Águas Claras, Brazil iron deposit was analysed using a Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+), a Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Hyperion data, all with 30 m resolution. With improvements in spectral resolution, extracted results have changed from the alteration information to altered rocks and minerals. The accuracy of alteration information has improved continuously as data extracted from these sources verify one another. Minerals extracted using Hyperion corresponded to altered assemblages identified from ASTER. Both were consistent with alteration information extracted from ETM+ at the same location. Alteration information extracted from three remote images were located within ore formations, and controlled by the north‐east trending faults and matched well with known deposits. Information extraction based on the integrated application of multi‐source remote sensing data could compensate for deficiencies in using single data. These results can verify one another to improve data reliability particularly in the areas inaccessible and lacking sufficient field confirmation.
Wer die Zukunft erforschen will, muss die Vergangenheit kennen
Authors: Leyendecker Christine 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungSeit mehr als 50 Jahren ist es Pflegenden möglich, eine Weiterbildung in speziellen Arbeitsbereichen wie der Intensivpflege zu absolvieren. Bisher wurde diese
Qualifizierungsmaßnahme nicht infrage gestellt. Allerdings entwickeln sich seit wenigen Jahren neue Qualifizierungsmöglichkeiten für diesen speziellen
Arbeitsbereich. Sie reichen von einer direkten Ausbildung zur Intensivpflegekraft bis hin zu speziellen Studiengängen. So stellt sich nun doch die Frage, ob die
Fachweiterbildung bei dieser Entwicklung bald überflüssig sein wird. Eine genaue Vorhersage in die Zukunft ist natürlich nicht möglich. Aber unter Anwendung der
kritischen Diskursanalyse lässt sich eine prognostische Aussage über die Entwicklung der Fachweiterbildung erarbeiten.
Frühzeitig wärmen
Authors: Gamon Eike 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungBekanntermaßen hat das perioperative Wärmemanagement einen großen Stellenwert hinsichtlich eines möglichen Wärmeverlustes des Patienten und den daraus
resultierenden multifaktoriellen Problemen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, anhand einer Auswertung von perioperativen Temperaturaufzeichnungen der Anästhesiepflege
festzustellen, wie gut das von uns angewendete Wärmekonzept unter Nutzung eines Systems zur konvektiven Lufterwärmung den Wärmeerhalt beim operativen Patienten
sichern kann.
Total Syntheses of Spinosyn A
Authors: Dai Mingji , Cai Xinpei , Bai Yu 
Published: September 2018

Spinosyn A is an important polycyclic natural product with impressive insecticidal activity and has been used worldwide in agriculture as the major component of Spinosad. Herein, four chemical total syntheses of spinosyn A are summarized. Its biosynthesis and a chemoenzymatic total synthesis are discussed as well.1	Biosynthesis2	The Evans Synthesis3	The Paquette Synthesis4	The Roush Synthesis5	The Liu Synthesis6	The Dai Synthesis7	Conclusions
Cord Blood Erythropoietin and Hepcidin Reflect Lower Newborn Iron Stores due to Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy
Authors: Korlesky Colin , Kling Pamela , Pham Daphne , Ovasapyan Albina , Leyns Cheryl , Weber Morgan , Coe Christopher 
Published: September 2018

Objective Obesity during pregnancy impedes fetal iron endowment. In adults, both iron depletion and hypoxia stimulate erythropoietin (Epo) production, while hepcidin, the primary iron regulator, is inhibited by Epo and stimulated by obesity. To understand this relationship in fetuses, we investigated obesity, inflammation, and fetal iron status on fetal Epo and hepcidin levels.
Study Design Epo, hepcidin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin levels were measured in 201 newborns of 35 to 40 weeks' gestation with historical risk factors for a low fetal iron endowment, including half with maternal obesity.
Results Epo was unrelated to fetal size, but Epo was directly related to maternal body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) (p < 0.03) and CRP (p < 0.0005) at delivery. Epo levels were twice as likely to be elevated (≥50 IU/L) while comparing the lowest quartile of ferritin with the upper three quartiles (p < 0.01). Hepcidin was directly related to ferritin (p < 0.001) and indirectly related to maternal BMI (p < 0.015), but BMI became nonsignificant when undergoing multivariate analysis. Hepcidin was unrelated to Epo.
Conclusion Although some of the fetal responses involving Epo were similar to adults, we did not find a hepcidin–Epo relationship like that of adults, where fetal liver is the site of both hepcidin and Epo production.
Functional characterization of reappearing B cells after anti-CD20 treatment of CNS autoimmune disease
Authors: Häusler Darius , Häusser-Kinzel Silke , Feldmann Linda , Torke Sebastian , Lepennetier Gildas , Bernard Claude C. A. , Zamvil Scott S. , Brück Wolfgang , Lehmann-Horn Klaus , Weber Martin S. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
B cell depletion via anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies is a novel, highly efficient therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). In a murine MS model, we investigated three mechanistic questions that cannot be addressed in humans. First, we established that a fraction of mature B cells in the spleen is resistant to anti-CD20. Second, we determined that, after cessation of treatment, splenic and bone-marrow B cells reconstitute in parallel, substantially preceding B cell reappearance in blood. Third, we observed that, in a model involving activated B cells, the post–anti-CD20 B cell pool contained an elevated frequency of differentiated, myelin-reactive B cells. Together, our findings reveal mechanisms by which pathogenic B cells may persist in anti-CD20 treatment.
Assessing Religious Commitment and Satisfaction
Authors: Cyphers Natalie A. , Clements Andrea D. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT:
Survey instruments have been developed to measure whether someone claims to be religious but do not address the degree to which someone is satisfied with their religious commitment. The Religious Surrender and Attendance Satisfaction Scale (RSASS) was revised to measure both a person's level of religious commitment and satisfaction with level of religious commitment. This study was conducted to determine initial validity for the satisfaction portion of the RSASS. Construct validity measures provided initial confirmation of the utility of RSASS as a measure of satisfaction with religious commitment, that can be used by nurses in practice and research.
Serving on a Board of Nursing
Authors: DeKoninck Beth 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT:
What is it like to serve on a State Board of Nursing (BON)? How does one deal with the weight of the responsibility, the discomfort of inexperience in the role, and integrate personal faith with the professional expectations of administering justice and discipline? The author defines the patients cared for in the BON role and the balance of discipline with care for nurses.
Functional and Aesthetic Factors Associated with Revision of Rhinoplasty
Authors: Bouaoud Jebrane , Loustau Marine , Belloc Jean-Baptiste 
Published: September 2018

Background:Surgical revision rate of rhinoplasty is from 5% to 15% in literature. The aims of our study were to define the rate and the predictive factors for surgical revision of rhinoplasty.Methods:We have realized a single-center case/control study including 62 patients who underwent surgical revision among 732 patients who underwent closed rhinoplasty between 2005 and 2015. Data of each rhinoplasty were collected from medical records and photographs. Statistical analyses were used.Results:The surgical revision rate was 8.6%. After multivariate analysis, 4 factors were statistically significant and independently associated with surgical revision: “preexisting respiratory functional disorder” [odds ratio OR = 3.30; 95% CI (1.47–7.76);P= 0.004], “wide nasal bone and side walls” [OR = 3.94; 95% CI (1.49–11.25);P= 0.007], “deviated nasal bone and side walls” [OR = 2.68; 95% CI [1.14–6.58];P= 0.02] and the use of camouflage grafts [OR = 0.26; 95% CI [0.07–0.89];P= 0.04].Conclusions:Closed rhinoplasties have similar revision rate to open techniques. Revision surgeries are justified by functional or aesthetic disorders. The interests of this study are to better inform patients and to adapt operative management. We provide here some recommendations with focus on the keys to successful rhinoplasty surgery.