bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Comprehensive Coelomic Fluid Analysis through Coelomic Pore Sampling as a Novel Diagnostic Tool in Elasmobranchs
Authors: Donnelly Kyle A. , Stacy Nicole I. , Guttridge Tristan L. , Burns Charlene , Mylniczenko Natalie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to describe a minimally invasive coelomic fluid sampling technique in elasmobranchs, to characterize the coelomic fluid composition in clinically normal and abnormal animals, and to compare findings from wild and managed populations. Fluid was collected via the coelomic pore in 89 individuals from 16 species spanning clinically normal and abnormal patients within a managed population (n =54), a semi-managed open-lagoon population (n =18), and a wild population (n =17). Biochemical and cytological fluid analyses were performed on all samples, and bacterial and fungal culture, protein electrophoresis, and cholesterol electrophoresis were performed on a subset of samples. The presence of a variable volume of colorless to white and clear to slightly turbid coelomic fluid was consistent with a normal finding; however, the cytological and chemical makeup of coelomic fluid was found to provide additional clinically relevant information. The coelomic fluid from some of the abnormal samples (n =37) contained white blood cells (n =15) and concurrent bacteria (n =7), the latter suggestive of bacterial coelomitis. Yolk was identified in both clinically normal and abnormal females. Of the biochemical parameters tested, calcium, chloride, cholesterol, osmolality, phosphorus, salinity, sodium, specific gravity, total protein, and urea nitrogen have clinical utility. Abnormal samples were mostly associated with reproductive disease, but to a lesser extent with coelomitis and hemocoelom. The wild and semi-managed groups had biochemical differences presumably reflective of the higher salinity of ocean water compared with that in the managed habitat. Aerobic bacteria were identified in normal (n =7) and abnormal (n =11) animals. Positive bacterial culture without inflammation may be normal. This study contributes to a further understanding of elasmobranch coelomic fluid analysis and its use as a diagnostic modality for the evaluation of elasmobranch health.
Systematic Appraisal of the American College of Rheumatology Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Duarte‐García Alí , Cavalcante Milena , Arabelovic Senada , Wong John B. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveBecause the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) practice guidelines affect the United States' and international treatment practice, we used the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument to characterize the quality of the guidelines and to identify potential areas for improvement.MethodsUsing the six quality domains in the AGREE II online tool, four reviewers assessed the practice guidelines available at the ACR website and the immediately previous version to summarize the domain scores for each guideline and examine trends over time.ResultsAs of April 2016, the ACR website listed nine guidelines, four with immediate previous versions. Based on AGREE II, the minimum and maximum for each domain (with higher being better) of the current guidelines were 78‐99 for Scope and Purpose, 57‐99 for Stakeholder Involvement, 87‐ 96 for Rigor of the Methodology, 83‐99 for Clarity of Presentation, 49‐78 for Applicability, 69‐85 for Editorial Independence, and 71‐96 overall. Over time, although the average domain quality of the guidelines improved for all, the Applicability and Editorial Independence domains had the least amount of improvement. For the four guidelines with previous versions, the mean (SD) absolute improvements for each domain were 18 (±11) for Scope and Purpose, 13 (±8) for Stakeholder Involvement, 38 (±22) for Rigor of the Methodology, 25 (±15) for Clarity of Presentation, 22 (±12) for Applicability, 24 (±17) for Editorial Independence, and 31 (±5) overall.ConclusionBased on the AGREE II instrument, the ACR guidelines have achieved high quality over the past 16 years. The Applicability and Editorial Independence domains have the greatest potential for future improvement.
Computational fluid dynamic analysis of aggressive turbinate reductions: is it a culprit of empty nose syndrome?
Authors: Malik Jennifer , Li Chengyu , Maza Guillermo , Farag Alexander A. , Krebs Jillian P. , McGhee Sam , Zappitelli Gabriela , Deshpande Bhakthi , Otto Bradley A. , Zhao Kai 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundEmpty nose syndrome (ENS) remains highly controversial, with aggressive inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) or mucociliary dysfunction frequently implicated. However, the appropriate degree of ITR is highly debatable.MethodsWe applied individual computed tomography (CT)‐based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to 5 patients receiving relatively aggressive ITR but with no ENS symptoms, and compared them to 27 symptomatic ENS patients who all had histories of aggressive ITRs, and 42 healthy controls. Patients’ surgical outcomes were confirmed with 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) (ITR: 6.40 ± 4.56; ENS: 58.2 ± 15.9; healthy: 13.2 ± 14.9), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores (ITR: 4.00 ± 2.24; ENS: 69.4 ± 17.1; healthy: 11.9 ± 12.9), and Empty Nose Syndrome 6‐Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q) (≥11 for ENS).ResultsBoth aggressive ITR without ENS symptoms and symptomatic ENS patients had significantly lower nasal resistance (ITR: 0.059 ± 0.020 Pa·s/mL; ENS: 0.052 ± 0.015 Pa·s/mL; healthy: 0.070 ± 0.021 Pa·s/mL) and higher cross‐sectional areas surrounding the inferior turbinate (ITR: 0.94 ± 0.21 cm2; ENS: 1.19 ± 1.05 cm2; healthy: 0.42 ± 0.22 cm2) than healthy controls. The lack of significant differences among patient groups indicated similar degrees of surgeries between ITR with and without ENS symptom cohorts. However, symptomatic ENS patients have paradoxical significantly less airflow in the inferior meatus (ITR: 47.7% ± 23.6%; ENS: 25.8% ± 17.6%; healthy: 36.5 ± 15.9%; both p < 0.01), but higher airflow around the middle meatus (ITR: 49.7% ± 22.6%; ENS: 66.5% ± 18.3%; healthy: 49.9% ± 15.1%, p < 0.0001) than aggressive ITR without symptoms and controls. Aggressive ITR patients have increased inferior meatus airflow as expected (p < 0.05). This imbalanced airflow produced less inferior wall‐shear‐stress distribution among symptomatic ENS patients only (ITR: 42.45% ± 11.4%; ENS: 32.2% ± 12.6%; healthy: 49.7% ± 9.9%). ENS patients (n = 12) also had impaired nasal trigeminal function, as measured by menthol lateralization detection thresholds (ITR: 15.2 ± 1.2; ENS: 10.3 ± 3.9; healthy: 13.8 ± 3.09, both p < 0.0001). Surprisingly, aggressive ITR patients without ENS symptoms have better menthol lateralization detection thresholds (LDTs) than healthy controls.ConclusionAlthough turbinate tissue loss is linked with ENS, the degree of ITR that might distinguish postoperative patient satisfaction in their nasal breathing vs development of ENS symptoms is unclear. Our results suggest that a combination of distorted nasal aerodynamics and loss of mucosal sensory function may potentially lead to ENS symptomology.
Enantioselektive C‐H‐Aktivierung mit natürlich vorkommenden 3d‐Übergangsmetallen
Authors: Loup Joachim , Dhawa Uttam , Pesciaioli Fabio , Wencel‐Delord Joanna , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMolekulare Synthese basiert größtenteils auf zeit‐ und arbeitsintensiven Präfunktionalisierungsstrategien. Demgegenüber bietet die C‐H‐Aktivierung ein leistungsstarkes Hilfsmittel, das ohne lange Synthesen präfunktionalisierter Substrate auskommt und großes Potenzial für z. B. die Wirkstoffentwicklung, die pharmazeutische Industrie, die Materialwissenschaften und die Synthese von Pflanzenschutzmitteln hat. Die enantioselektive Funktionalisierung omnipräsenter C‐H‐Bindungen hat sich zu einer etablierten Methode für die stufen‐ und atomökonomische Synthese komplexer chiraler Moleküle entwickelt. Allerdings ist dieses rasant wachsende Feld größtenteils durch die Verwendung edler Übergangsmetalle geprägt, mit besonderer Präsenz toxischer Palladium‐, Iridium‐ und Rhodiumkatalysatoren. Trotz bedeutender Errungenschaften befindet sich die asymmetrische C‐H‐Aktivierung unter Verwendung kostengünstiger und nachhaltiger 3d‐Metalle noch im Anfangsstadium. In diesem Kurzaufsatz diskutieren wir die neuen, herausragenden Fortschritte bei enantioselektiven Transformationen über metallorganische C‐H‐Aktivierungen durch 3d‐Basismetalle bis April 2019.
Synthesis of Schiff base–containing benzoxazine derivatives
Authors: Timur Mahir , Nur Yusuf , Sıkar Hüseyin 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe excellent chemical and physical properties of benzoxazine resins and the functionality of Schiff bases were combined in one compound's structure, creating newly designed benzoxazine derivatives that can form complexes with metals. The new type of benzoxazine monomer was synthesized via the ring‐closure reaction of formaldehyde, aniline, and three newly designed Schiff bases. The presence of the Schiff base in the molecular structure of these novel benzoxazine monomers enables them to trap metals as the functional compounds, like Cu, from a solution. Thermally initiated polymerization occurs at a lower temperature by the formation of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds between imine, oxazine, Schiff base hydroxyl groups, and the newly generated hydroxyl groups. The thermal behavior of the bisbenzoxazine monomers was investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry, and then they were cured at 120, 180, and 230°C. According to the magnetic susceptibility, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, TGA, and microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy results, it is shown that Cu(II) complexes of the compounds were also succesfully synthesized, and they proved to be successful in catching metal. This is due to the functionality of Schiff bases forming the metal complexation in the compounds. The poly(bisbenzoxazine)s also showed high limiting oxygen index (31–37), low ring‐opening temperature (150–190°C), high char yield (35%–49%), and excellent thermal stability, due to the highly crosslinked nature of the polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47908.
Characterization of 15 nuclear microsatellite markers for Afzelia africana (Fabaceae) and related species
Authors: Houehanou Thierry D. , Prinz Kathleen , Hellwig Frank 
Published: May 2019

PremiseAfzelia africana (Fabaceae) is a valuable, internationally vulnerable tree species in tropical Africa. The development of specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci is necessary for population genetic studies in this tree species and its closest relatives.Methods And ResultsFifteen new polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for A. africana using Illumina next‐generation sequencing. We tested the polymorphism of the 15 loci in three populations in Benin, West Africa. The number of expressed alleles per locus varied from one to 12. The levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.100 to 1.000 and from 0.095 to 0.882, respectively. Most markers successfully amplified in the closely related species A. quanzensis and A. bipindensis, but less so in A. bipindensis.ConclusionsBecause of their cross‐amplification ability, these newly developed loci will serve as useful tools for future molecular analyses on A. africana and related species.
Evaluation of Platelet Parameters in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Elongated Collagen‐Adenosine Diphosphate and Collagen‐Epinephrine Closure Times
Authors: Coban Nurdan , Gokcen Cem , Akbayram Sinan , Calisgan Baran 
Published: May 2019

Changes related to the serotonin system play a key role in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although we know that platelets are associated with the serotonin system, their relation to ASD has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we aim to investigate platelet parameters in children with ASD. Forty patients with ASD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM‐5) and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. A complete blood count was done to measure parameters relating to platelet morphology. Moreover, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were evaluated. Lastly, platelet functions were assessed with a platelet functions analyzer 100 (PFA‐100) device by measuring collagen‐ADP and collagen‐epinephrine (EPI) closure times. There was not a significant difference between the groups in terms of platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width, plateletcrit, PT, or aPTT parameters for ASD patients when compared to the control group (P > 0.05). However, MPV in severe ASD, as quantified by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, was found to be significantly lower when compared to mild to moderate ASD (P = 0.047). Moreover, in terms of platelet functions, the elongation in collagen‐ADP and collagen‐EPI closure times were significantly higher for the ASD group (P = 0.044). These results may suggest an impairment in platelet functions rather than in platelet morphology for children with ASD. Considering these results, further investigation of thrombocyte functions in the ASD may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of ASD and to the development of our limited knowledge of this disorder. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1069–1076. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummarySerotonin is a chemical that is found in brain as wells as in blood cells that function in blood clotting in the human body. There are problems related to serotonin in brains of people who have autism. Thus, blood clotting cells may also be affected in people who have autism. In this study, we compare blood clotting functions of children with autism with that of healthy controls.
Enantioselective determination of ketamine in dog plasma by chiral liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Ranran , Zhong Kan , Jiang Jinfang , Zhan Yuan , Chen Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractKetamine is an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist that is usually used clinically as a racemic mixture. Its two enantiomers exhibit different pharmacological activities. To determine whether the enantiomers have different pharmacokinetic profiles, a chiral liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of ketamine enantiomers in dog plasma. The enantiomers of ketamine were extracted from 50 μL of plasma by methyl tert‐butyl ether. Adequate chromatographic retention and baseline resolution of the enantiomers were achieved within a runtime of 5 min on a chiral column coated with polysaccharide derivatives, using a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile and 10 mm ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution. Ketamine enantiomers were detected by mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring mode using the transitions of m/z 238.3 → 125.9 for the analytes and m/z 237.1 → 194.1 for carbamazepine (internal standard). The method was linear over the concentration range from 0.5 to 500 ng/mL for each enantiomer. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for each enantiomer was 0.5 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was <7.3% and 8.5% for R‐ and S‐ketamine, respectively. The accuracy was 92.9–110.4% for R‐ketamine and 99.8–102.4% for S‐ketamine. The method was successfully applied to characterize the stereoselective pharmacokinetic profiles of ketamine in beagle dogs.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability study of ginsenoside Rk1 in rat by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Yongjie , Fan Ali , Li Geng , Liu Qingwang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGinsenoside Rk1 (Rk1) exhibited various potent biological activities. However, its pharmacokinetic profile in vivo remains unclear. In the present study, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for determination of Rk1 in rat plasma and applied in a pharmacokinetic study. The sample was precipitated with acetonitrile and separated on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Rk1 and internal standard (ginsenoside Rg3) were quantitatively monitored with precursor‐to‐product ion transitions of m/z 765.4 → 441.5 and m/z 783.5 → 621.4, respectively. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 5–1000 ng/mL (r > 0.99) with the LLOQ of 5 ng/mL. Other parameters including intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy, extraction recovery and matrix effect were within the acceptable limits. The analyte was stable under the tested storage conditions. The validated method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of Rk1 in rat plasma after intravenous (5 mg/kg) and oral (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg) administration. After oral administration, Rk1 could be detected in blood at 30 min and reached the highest concentration at 4.29~4.57 h. Our results demonstrated that Rk1 showed low clearance, moderate half‐life (3.09–3.40 h) and low bioavailability (2.87–4.23%). The study will provide information for the further application of Rk1.
Chemical composition database establishment and metabolite profiling analysis of Yangyin qingfei decoction
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Tang Yuqing , Yu Bocheng , Ying Jiaming , Wu Bingchu , Wu Jinyi , Zhao Jinshun , Chen Zhenjun , Xu Jinyan , Tang Chunlan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe chemical fingerprinting and metabolite profile in a rat plasma sample after intragastric administration of Yangyin qingfei decoction (YYQFD, 14 g/kg) were investigated. First, YYQFD was analyzed by UPLC/Q‐TOF MS to establish the chemical composition database by comparing their retention behavior, accurate molecular mass and MS2 data with those of references or known compounds in the literature. In this database, 100 chemical constituents with information on retention time, molecular mass, molecular formula, MS2 data and compound name were identified, which can provide compound information for further metabolite profiling studies. Furthermore, 64 compounds including 37 prototypes and 27 metabolites were detected in the dosed rat plasma sample, and the metabolic pathways of YYQFD were hydrolyzation, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, glucuronidation, glucosylation, sulfation and mixed modes. Among the five component herbs in the YYQFD, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome and Fritillariae Thunbergii bulbs were actively metabolized, contributing 16 and 7 metabolites, respectively. It is suggested that chemical characterization and metabolite profiling studies are valuable to elucidate the material basis of herbal preparations.
Unexpected Contribution of Current Collector to the Cost of Rechargeable Al‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Muñoz‐Torrero David , Anderson Marc , Palma Jesús , Marcilla Rebeca , Ventosa Edgar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) are emerging as a promising energy storage technology. However, a series of issues will need to be addressed for the commercialization of AIBs. Anodic dissolution of cheap materials commonly used as cathode current collectors is a great challenge. At laboratory scale, this issue is solved by using expensive/scarce current collectors. The aim of our work is twofold. 1) To quantify the impact of the current collector in the battery cost by performing a cost analysis, which reveals that the current collector is currently the most expensive element in AIBs. 2) To propose the use of carbon‐based current collectors, such as gas diffusion layers (GDLs), which are shown to be an excellent option for AIBs. From an electrochemical perspective, the GDL does not corrode and does not catalyze electrolyte decomposition. Moreover, performances of AIBs using GDLs as current collectors are comparable to those using more expensive state‐of‐the‐art materials, while its use contributes to reducing battery costs.
COF‐Derived N,P Co‐Doped Carbon as a Metal‐Free Catalyst for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yang Chao , Maenosono Shinya , Duan Jingui , Zhang Xiaobin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new kind of metal‐free, porous, and N,P co‐doped carbon catalyst was prepared from a high crystalline and two dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF). Remarkably, this N,P co‐doped catalyst exhibits an excellent tolerance towards methanol crossover, as well as a comparable oxygen reduction reaction performance to commercial Pt/C.
Color changes in wall paintings under the influence of consolidation with synthetic polymers
Authors: Bagniuk Jacek , Białek‐Kostecka Dorota , Forczek‐Sajdak Anna , Kaszowska Zofia , Skrzelowska Justyna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to estimate changes of color of wall paintings under the influence of one of the basic conservation procedures, that is, paint layer consolidation due to degradation of the original binder. Since the 1960s, wall paintings have been consolidated almost routinely with synthetic polymers. As the research on the subject progressed, many flaws of these products were observed. Extensive research was conducted with the aim of determining the actual impact of synthetic binders on paint layer properties. The article discusses the results from only one group of tests associated with color change measurements. Three painting techniques were selected for the study, representing a variety of original techniques common in Poland: lime, lime casein, and animal glue, as well as five commercial synthetic products predominantly employed for painting consolidation by the Polish conservation community. We are focusing on color changes taking place as a result of consolidation and subsequent from the progress of degradation.
Improved skeletal muscle energy metabolism relates to the recovery of β cell function by intensive insulin therapy in drug naïve type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tang Wenjuan , Zhang Bing , Wang Huiting , Li Ming , Wang Hongdong , Liu Fangcen , Zhu Dalong , Bi Yan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsDiminished energy turnover of skeletal muscle is involved in the development of type 2 diabetes. Intensive insulin therapy has been reported to maintain glycaemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to characterize the contribution of muscular mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) activity to insulin‐induced glycaemic control.Materials and methodsThere were 21 drug naïve patients with type 2 diabetes receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for 7 days. Nine nondiabetics matched for age, body mass index, and physical activity were recruited as controls. We applied 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy to record in vivo muscular phosphocreatine (PCr) flux in controls and diabetics before and after insulin therapy. The mitochondrial OxPhos rate was calculated as ΔPCr / Δtime during the first 50 seconds after cessation of exercise.ResultsIn drug naïve type 2 diabetes, muscular mitochondrial OxPhos rate was restored after insulin therapy. Notably, this alteration was positively associated with the improvements of 1,5‐anhydroglucitol, a serum marker for glucose control over the last 1 week, as well as homeostasis model assessment of β cell function and C‐peptide/glucose ratio t0, two indices for basal insulin secretion. Furthermore, patients with diabetes family history and more severe glucotoxicity tend to achieve greater improvement in mitochondrial function by insulin.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that intensive insulin therapy facilitates muscular energy metabolism in drug naïve type 2 diabetes. It correlates to the recovery of β cell function, contributing to insulin‐induced glucose control.