bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organo‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Amination of 4‐Arylisoquinoline‐1,3(2H,4H)‐dione Derivatives in the Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Li Ying‐Xian , Zhang Ji‐Quan , Zhao Yong‐Long , Zhang Lin , Li Chun , Yang Yu‐she , Tang Lei , Yang Yuan‐Yong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn efficient method has been developed for the enantioselective amination of 4‐arylisoquinoline‐1,3(2H,4H)‐dione derivatives. In the presence of squaramide‐based catalyst, the α‐amination cyclic imides were delivered in excellent yields (up to 99%) and ee (up to 99%) under mild conditions. Moreover, a gram scale synthetic application was also demonstrated.magnified image
Computational Prediction of Ferro‐ and Piezoelectricity in Lead‐Free Oxyhydrides Ln2H4O (Ln = Y, La)
Authors: Pishtshev Aleksandr , Strugovshchikov Evgenii 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOne of the most significant aspects of crystal chemistry of multianionic oxyhydrides is the possibility of flexible regulation of the composition–structure–function relationships. In the context of competitive configurations of different anions in the crystal lattice, this may afford formation of a number of stable stoichiometric phases without inversion symmetry. In the present work, it is shown that semiconducting layered oxyhydrides with the composition Ln2H4O (Ln = Y, La) have an attractive potential for the design of novel lead‐free ferro‐ and piezoelectric systems. By means of density functional theory‐based computational simulations it is predicted that polar monoclinic and orthorhombic phases of the bulk Ln2H4O may exhibit exceptional ferro‐ and piezoelectric properties as well as electromechanical coupling characteristics that are especially suitable for the piezoelectric devices working in a shear mode. It is shown that quantitative estimates of ferro‐ and piezoelectric characteristics are well matching with the specification data of advanced ferroelectric solid solutions. Thus, our prediction of lead‐free piezoelectric systems forms a solid and technologically reliable basis for the development of effective and nonhazardous materials.
A case of acute cerebral infarction associated with an accessory middle cerebral artery in a patient who underwent thrombectomy
Authors: Deguchi Ichiro , Osada Takashi , Kimura Hiroaki , Saito Naoko , Arai Eiichi , Kohyama Shinya , Takao Masaki 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe accessory middle cerebral artery (AMCA) is a middle cerebral artery (MCA) anomaly originating from the anterior cerebral artery. We report our experience of a case in which thrombectomy was undertaken for a patient with hemodynamics that were specific to the AMCA.Case PresentationAn 84‐year‐old man with a history of atrial fibrillation developed paralysis of the left upper and lower extremities. Imaging examinations suggested tandem occlusion of the right internal carotid artery and the origin (M2 segment) of the right MCA. An extremely narrow MCA was visualized. Because there was concern regarding development of frontal lobe infarction, thrombectomy was carried out to restore anterograde blood flow, but an AMCA was found. Recanalization of the main MCA in the infarction zone resulted in hemorrhagic infarction, and the patient died of cerebral herniation.ConclusionWhen a vascular variation like AMCA is suspected, a careful evaluation of hemodynamics is necessary before undertaking endovascular intervention.
Comparison of high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and non‐invasive ventilation as first‐line therapy in respiratory failure: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Koga Yasutaka , Kaneda Kotaro , Fujii Nao , Tanaka Ryo , Miyauchi Takashi , Fujita Motoki , Hidaka Kouko , Oda Yasutaka , Tsuruta Ryosuke 
Published: September 2019

AimTo identify which subgroups of respiratory failure could benefit more from high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) or non‐invasive ventilation (NIV).MethodsWe undertook a multicenter retrospective study of patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) who received HFNC or NIV as first‐line respiratory support between January 2012 and December 2017. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for HFNC versus NIV were calculated for treatment failure and 30‐day mortality in the overall cohort and in patient subgroups.ResultsHigh‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and NIV were used in 200 and 378 patients, and the treatment failure and 30‐day mortality rates were 56% and 34% in the HFNC group and 41% and 39% in the NIV group, respectively. The risks of treatment failure and 30‐day mortality were not significantly different between the two groups. In subgroup analyses, HFNC was associated with increased risk of treatment failure in patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema (adjusted OR 6.26; 95% CI, 2.19–17.87; P < 0.01) and hypercapnia (adjusted OR 3.70; 95% CI, 1.34–10.25; P = 0.01), but the 30‐day mortality was not significantly different in these subgroups. High‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy was associated with lower risk of 30‐day mortality in patients with pneumonia (adjusted OR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19–0.94; P = 0.03) and in patients without hypercapnia (adjusted OR 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30–0.88; P = 0.02).ConclusionHigh‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy could be more beneficial than NIV in patients with pneumonia or non‐hypercapnia, but not in patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema or hypercapnia.
A Change in Focus: Shifting From Treatment to Prevention of Perioperative Pressure Injuries
Authors: Kimsey Diane B. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTHospital‐acquired pressure injuries are a patient safety concern and can be costly for health care organizations. A multidisciplinary team of senior leaders, managers, nurses, and educators from departments that care for perioperative patients created an evidence‐based perioperative pressure injury prevention bundle that includes skin and risk assessments, visual and electronic health record cues, prophylactic protection of at‐risk skin, communication among providers and leaders regarding patient risk and injury throughout hospitalization, staff member education, compliance audits, root cause analyses, and wound care team follow‐up. The prevention bundle resulted in a 50% reduction in perioperative pressure injuries the first calendar year after implementation and a zero‐incidence rate for perioperative pressure injuries for at least a two‐year period. This article discusses hospital‐acquired pressure injuries related to the perioperative setting and outlines the full perioperative pressure injury prevention bundle.
Photophysical Properties of Emissive Pyrido[3,2‐c]carbazole Derivatives and Apoptosis Induction: Development towards Theranostic Agents in Response to Light Stimulus
Authors: Sakuma Masaomi , Fuchi Yasufumi , Usui Kazuteru , Karasawa Satoru 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPyridocarbazole moieties are present in many natural products, such as olivacine and ellipticine, and their derivatives are well‐known anticancer agents. To develop functional therapeutic and diagnostic compounds, three emissive pyrido[3,2‐c]carbazole derivatives, PC‐X, containing secondary or tertiary amine groups, were synthesized from an aminoquinoline derivative using a palladium complex as the catalyst. X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that PC‐X showed highly planar structures between the pyridine ring and the carbazole framework, exhibiting high fluorescence intensities along with solvatochromic behavior. Imaging of HeLa cells treated with PC‐X showed no specific accumulation into the organelles; however, a comparative examination showed that the accumulation in mitochondria was the highest as compared to nuclei and lysosomes. Cytotoxicity analysis using HeLa cells showed that PC‐H, containing a secondary amine group showed the highest cytotoxicity (IC50≈20 μm) as compared to another PC‐X having a tertiary amine group. Colocalization with MitoTracker, a typical mitochondrial staining dye, showed apoptosis‐like behavior with remarkable appearance of blebbing during irradiation with near UV light (403 nm), suggesting that the PC‐H may not only behave as a fluorescence probe for the imaging organelles, but also as a therapeutic agent for inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells, thereby functioning as a theranostic agent.
Prognostic value of white matter lesion shrinking in early multiple sclerosis: An intuitive or naïve notion?
Authors: Pongratz Viola , Schmidt Paul , Bussas Matthias , Grahl Sophia , Gaser Christian , Berthele Achim , Hoshi Muna‐Miriam , Kirschke Jan , Zimmer Claus , Hemmer Bernhard , Mühlau Mark 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and purposeNew or enlarging T2‐hyperintense white matter lesions (WML) are associated with clinical disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). The prognostic value of WML shrinking is unclear. Assuming that waning of acute inflammation and repair processes would be the main drivers of WML shrinking, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of WML shrinking in early MS.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 144 early MS patients with three brain MRI scans at baseline and after 1 and 3 years available. All patients were therapy naïve at baseline and 70.5% of them treated with disease modifying drugs at year 1. We determined the volume of WML shrinking between MRI scans, total WML volumes, number of gadolinium‐enhancing and new WML, white matter (WM) and gray matter volumes at each MRI scan. Clinical disability was measured by Expanded Disability Status Scale. We performed the correlation analyses of WML shrinking with other MRI parameters and clinical outcome.ResultsWhite matter lesions shrinking was highly variable between patients and correlated with the initial number of gadolinium‐enhancing WML and with WM volume decrease. WML shrinking was not associated with clinical outcome.ConclusionWe found no indication of a prognostic value of WML shrinking in early MS patients. WML shrinking seems to be related to waning of acute inflammation.
MACC1 regulates PDL1 expression and tumor immunity through the c‐Met/AKT/mTOR pathway in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Tong Gangling , Cheng Boran , Li Jingzhang , Wu Xuan , Nong Qiaohong , He Lirui , Li Xi , Li Laiqing , Wang Shubin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy and its mechanisms are being studied in a wide variety of cancers. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) is associated with immune evasion in numerous tumor types. Here, we aimed to assess the relationship between metastasis associated in colon cancer‐1 (MACC1) and PDL1 and examine their effects on gastric cancer (GC) tumor immunity.MethodsThe expression of MACC1, c‐Met, and PDL1 in human GC tissues was first assessed using quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry. We then focused on the relationships among MACC1, c‐Met, and PDL1 using RT‐PCR and western blotting after cell transfection and inhibitor treatment in vitro and on the identification of their roles in immune killing in vitro and in vivo.ResultsWe found that expression of MACC1, c‐Met, and PDL1 was upregulated in human GC tissues, and there was a positive correlation between the expression levels. In addition, we found that ectopic expression of MACC1 (silencing and overexpression by transfection) resulted in corresponding changes in c‐Met and PDL1 expression levels, and c‐Met/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors (SU11274, MK2206, and rapamycin) blocked the regulation of PDL1 expression by MACC1. Furthermore, silencing of MACC1 led to an increase in antitumor and immune killing in vitro and in vivo, and overexpression of MACC1 resulted in a decrease in tumor immunity in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsFrom these data, we infer that MACC1 regulates PDL1 expression and tumor immunity through the c‐Met/AKT/mTOR pathway in GC cells and suggest that MACC1 may be a therapeutic target for GC immunotherapy.
High tissue MMP14 expression predicts worse survival in gastric cancer, particularly with a low PROX1
Authors: Kasurinen Aaro , Gramolelli Silvia , Hagström Jaana , Laitinen Alli , Kokkola Arto , Miki Yuichiro , Lehti Kaisa , Yashiro Masakazu , Ojala Päivi M. , Böckelman Camilla , Haglund Caj 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), a membrane‐associated matrix metalloproteinase, has been shown to influence the invasion and metastasis of several solid tumors. Prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1), involved in the development and cell fate determination, is also expressed in malignant diseases functioning either as a tumor‐suppressing or oncogenic factor. In certain cancers PROX1 appears to transcriptionally suppress MMP14 expression. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the association between MMP14 and PROX1 and understand their potential as prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer. The cohort consisted of 313 individuals operated for gastric adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2009 in the Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital. MMP14 and PROX1 expressions were studied using immunohistochemistry in the patient sample and using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence in gastric cancer cell lines. We generated survival curves using the Kaplan‐Meier method, determining significance via the log‐rank test. A high MMP14 expression associated with being ≥67 years (P = .041), while a positive nuclear PROX1 expression associated with tumors of a diffuse histological type (P = .041) and a high cytoplasmic PROX1 expression (P < .001). Five‐year disease‐specific survival among patients with a high MMP14 expression was 35.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.9‐46.9), compared to 45.3% (95% CI 38.0‐52.6) for patients with a low MMP14 (P = .030). Survival was worse specifically among those with a high MMP14 and absent nuclear PROX1 expression (hazard ratio [HR] 1.65; 95% CI 1.09‐2.51; P = .019). Thus, this study confirms that a high MMP14 expression predicts a worse survival in gastric cancer, revealing for the first time that survival is particularly worse when PROX1 is low.
Elevated expression of G3BP1 associates with YB1 and p‐AKT and predicts poor prognosis in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients after surgical resection
Authors: Zheng Hongmei , Zhan Yuting , Zhang Yuting , Liu Sile , Lu Junmi , yang Yang , Wen Qiuyuan , Fan Songqing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeG3BP1 is an RNA‐binding protein and plays roles in regulating signaling pathway. YB‐1 is a DNA/RNA binding protein encoded by YBX1 gene. Phosphorylated AKT (p‐AKT) acts as a pivotal molecule in PI3K/AKT pathway. YB‐1 drives stress granules (SGs) formation by activating G3BP1 translation under diverse conditions. SGs are involved in many different metabolic and signaling pathways which may include PI3K/AKT/mTOR. So far, there has been no report on the relationship between expression of G3BP1, p‐AKT, and YB1 and clinicopathological features/prognosis in surgically resected nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.MethodsIn this study, data from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) were downloaded to investigate the mRNA expression of G3BP1 and YB1 (YBX1) and their correlation in NSCLC. Also, expression of G3BP1, YB1, and p‐AKT proteins was studied using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays of NSCLC and in noncancerous lung tissues.ResultsWe found that the mRNA expression of G3BP1 and YB1 was higher in NSCLC tissues (both P < .05), and G3BP1 was positively correlated with YB1 in mRNA level (r = .399, P < .001). Also, expression of G3BP1, YB1, and p‐AKT proteins was higher in NSCLC tissues (all P < .05). And higher expression of G3BP1 and YB1 proteins was seen in patients with clinical stage II and III compared with stage I (both P < .05). Besides, expression of G3BP1 protein had a positive correlation with YB1 and p‐AKT (both P < .05). Moreover, overall survival was shorter in patients with overexpression of G3BP1, YB1, and p‐AKT proteins (all P < .05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that overexpression of G3BP1 protein was an independent poorer prognostic factor for NSCLC patients (P = .039).ConclusionG3BP1 may play a crucial role in activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. G3BP1 might be served as a novel prognostic biomarker for surgically resected NSCLC patients, which afforded new insights into the study on the mechanism and therapy of NSCLC.
Application of rectal retractor for postprostatectomy salvage radiotherapy of prostate cancer: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ghaffari Hamed , Afkhami Ardekani Mahdieh , Molana Seyed Hadi , Haghparast Mohammad , Sanei Mastaneh , Mahdavi Seied Rabi , Mofid Bahram , Rostami Aram 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing a rectal retractor (RR) during salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy is a promising approach for reducing dose to the rectum. The patient well tolerated the daily RR insertion. This area of research encourages researchers for a comprehensive evaluation of the role of the RR in postprostatectomy radiotherapy.
Tranexamic acid‐induced fixed drug eruption confirmed by the drug lymphocyte transformation test
Authors: Kawaguchi Kenji , Kinoshita Shotaro , Ishikawa Motonao , Sakura Hiroshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe present the first case of multiple fixed drug eruption caused by tranexamic acid, which was confirmed by the LTT. This case was difficult to diagnose because the drug‐induced aseptic meningitis by loxoprofen was occurred simultaneously.
Silicone: Moleküle mit maßgeschneiderten Eigenschaften
Authors: Achenbach Frank , Hock Kristina 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungSilicone decken ebenso wie Kunststoffe einen breiten Anwendungsbereich ab. Der Beitrag stellt die Herstellung der Silicone ausgehend von Quarz vor und führt in die Chemie der Silicone ein. Anhand ausgewählter Anwendungsbeispiele werden Struktur und die daraus resultierenden Eigenschaften der Verbindungen erläutert.Im Chemieunterricht lassen sich ausgehend von Kenntnissen aus der anorganischen und organischen Chemie Eigenschaften ausgewählter Silicone aus deren chemischer Struktur ableiten. Im Experiment „Brennverhalten“ kann aus den Verbrennungsprodukten auf die Hauptbestandteile Silicium (Siliconprobe) bzw. Kohlenstoff (Kunststoffprobe) zurückgeschlossen werden. Im Unterricht kann deshalb das Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Konzept auch am Beispiel der Silicone erarbeitet werden.
Pharmacogenomics and Placebo Response in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Asthma
Authors: Wang Rui‐Sheng , Croteau‐Chonka Damien C. , Silverman Edwin K. , Loscalzo J. , Weiss Scott T. , Hall Kathryn T. 
Published: September 2019

Genetic variation may differentially modify drug and placebo treatment effects in randomized clinical trials. In asthma, although lung function and asthma control improvements are commonplace with placebo, pharmacogenomics of placebo vs. drug response remains unexamined. In a genomewide association study of subjective and objective outcomes with placebo treatment in Childhood Asthma Management Program of nedocromil/budesonide vs. placebo (N = 604), effect estimates for lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were compared across arms. The coughing/wheezing lead SNP, rs2392165 (β = 0.94; P = 1.10E‐07) mapped to BBS9, a gene implicated in lung development that contains a lung function expression quantitative trait locus. The effect was attenuated with budesonide (Pinteraction = 1.48E‐07), but not nedocromil (Pinteraction = 0.06). The lead forced vital capacity SNP, rs12930749 (β = −5.80; P = 1.47E‐06), mapped to KIAA0556, a locus genomewide associated with respiratory diseases. The rs12930749 effect was attenuated with budesonide (Pinteraction = 1.32E‐02) and nedocromil (Pinteraction = 1.09E‐02). Pharmacogenomic analysis revealed differential effects with placebo and drug treatment that could potentially guide precision drug development in asthma.
Classifying and inferring behaviors using real‐time acceleration biotelemetry in reproductive steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Fuchs Nathaniel T. , Caudill Christopher C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMovement behaviors are central to ecology and conservation. Movement sensing technologies can monitor behaviors that are otherwise difficult to observe under field conditions and may enhance the ability to quantify behaviors at the population scale. We monitored steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spawning behaviors in a seminatural enclosure using accelerometer telemetry tags while simultaneously observing behaviors with underwater cameras. Behavioral assignments from visual observations were compared to acceleration histories to develop assignment criteria for acceleration data, including for a key behavior (oviposition). Behavioral events independently classified using acceleration data prior to reviewing video were compared to video scoring and 97% of holding behaviors, 93% of digging behaviors, and 86% of oviposition/covering behaviors were correctly assigned using acceleration data alone. We applied the method to at‐liberty steelhead in spawning tributaries. Acceleration records revealed putative spawning and oviposition in at‐liberty female steelhead, and time budgets for at‐liberty steelhead were similar to those monitored within enclosures. The use of similar movement sensing tags and classification approaches offers a method for monitoring movement behavior, activity budgets, and habitat use in a broad array of aquatic and terrestrial taxa, and may be especially useful when behaviors are cryptic.
Limited evidence for spatial resource partitioning across temperate grassland biodiversity experiments
Authors: Barry Kathryn E. , van Ruijven Jasper , Mommer Liesje , Bai Yongfei , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Buchmann Nina , de Kroon Hans , Ebeling Anne , Eisenhauer Nico , Guimarães‐Steinicke Claudia , Hildebrandt Anke , Isbell Forest , Milcu Alexandru , Neßhöver Carsten , Reich Peter B. , Roscher Christiane , Sauheitl Leopold , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Schmid Bernhard , Tilman David , von Felten Stefanie , Weigelt Alexandra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLocally, plant species richness supports many ecosystem functions. Yet, the mechanisms driving these often‐positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships are not well understood. Spatial resource partitioning across vertical resource gradients is one of the main hypothesized causes for enhanced ecosystem functioning in more biodiverse grasslands. Spatial resource partitioning occurs if species differ in where they acquire resources and can happen both above‐ and belowground. However, studies investigating spatial resource partitioning in grasslands provide inconsistent evidence. We present the results of a meta‐analysis of 21 data sets from experimental species‐richness gradients in grasslands. We test the hypothesis thatincreasing spatial resource partitioning along vertical resource gradients enhances ecosystem functioning in diverse grassland plant communities above‐ and belowground. To test this hypothesis, we asked three questions. (1) Does species richness enhance biomass production or community resource uptake across sites? (2) Is there evidence of spatial resource partitioning as indicated by resource tracer uptake and biomass allocation above‐ and belowground? (3) Is evidence of spatial resource partitioning correlated with increased biomass production or community resource uptake? Although plant species richness enhanced community nitrogen and potassium uptake and biomass production above‐ and belowground, we found that plant communities did not meet our criteria for spatial resource partitioning, though they did invest in significantly more aboveground biomass in higher canopy layers in mixture relative to monoculture. Furthermore, the extent of spatial resource partitioning across studies was not positively correlated with either biomass production or community resource uptake. Our results suggest that spatial resource partitioning across vertical resource gradients alone does not offer a general explanation for enhanced ecosystem functioning in more diverse temperate grasslands.