bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of unsteady separation in the rotor-oscillator flow
Authors: Lamarche-Gagnon Marc-Étienne , Vétel Jérôme 
Published: April 2018

Visualisations of various types of flow separation are presented in an experimental set-up that translates a rotating cylinder parallel to a wall. Particle image velocimetry is used to measure the two velocity components in a plane perpendicular to the cylinder where the flow is two-dimensional. To spatially resolve the flow close to the wall, a high-viscosity fluid is used. For a periodic translation, the fixed separation is compared to the theory of Haller (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 512, 2004, pp. 257–311), while for non-periodic translations, a method is proposed to extract the moving separation point captured by a Lagrangian saddle point, and its finite-time unstable direction (separation profiles). Intermediate cases are also presented where both types of separation, fixed and moving, are either present simultaneously or appear successively. Some results issued from numerical simulations of an impinging jet show that all the cases observed in the rotor-oscillator flow are not restricted to high-viscosity fluid motions but may also occur within any vortical flow.
Slavery and Liberty: Talmud and Political Theory in Dialogue
Authors: Schvarcz Benjamin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhile focusing on the concept of liberty, this article produces a dialogue between the Talmud and western political theory, and thus expands the canon of political thought. Equipped with three concepts of liberty—negative, positive, and republican—this article offers an original reading to Babylonian TalmudGiṭ12a–13a. The talmudic passage's pivotal question—whether liberty is necessarily beneficial to a slave—enables us to reconstruct its fundamental, albeit implicit, understandings of both slavery and liberty. The talmudic approach to slavery and liberty emerges as concrete, and hence yields a thick and multi-faceted notion of liberty. Considering that a person might prefer the benefits of slavery reveals a paradox in Isaiah Berlin's negative concept of liberty. Therefore, as this article concludes, his conceptual distinction between two concepts of liberty is unsustainable and needs to be replaced by a concrete and thick notion of liberty.
Coleridge as Philosopher of Missions
Authors: Ford Stephen H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractColeridge directed hisAids to Reflection(1825, 1831) to young men preparing for Christian vocations, missionaries in particular, and planned, but did not write, a seventh supplementary essay, which may be reconstructed from Coleridge's œuvres, to correct what he thought was inadequate preparation. Missionaries are educators whose preparation must include scientific biblical criticism: Christianity evolves with culture generally. Anthropography is required in order to foster inter-cultural exchange, including insight into a tradition's metaphors. Missionaries engage in proselytism, insists Coleridge, in the strictly limited sense of conversion through the exemplary conduct of the missionary as a fully realized human being.
Psychosocial and health-related risk factors for depressive symptom trajectories among midlife women over 15 years: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
Authors: Bromberger Joyce T. , Schott Laura L. , Avis Nancy E. , Crawford Sybil L. , Harlow Sioban D. , Joffe Hadine , Kravitz Howard M. , Matthews Karen A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial and health-related risk factors for depressive symptoms are known. It is unclear if these are associated with depressive symptom patterns over time. We identified trajectories of depressive symptoms and their risk factors among midlife women followed over 15 years.MethodsParticipants were 3300 multiracial/ethnic women enrolled in a multisite longitudinal menopause and aging study, Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Biological, psychosocial, and depressive symptom data were collected approximately annually. Group-based trajectory modeling identified women with similar longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms. Trajectory groups were compared on time-invariant and varying characteristics using multivariable multinomial analyses and pairwise comparisons.ResultsFive symptom trajectories were compared (50% very low; 29% low; 5% increasing; 11% decreasing; 5% high). Relative to whites, blacks were less likely to be in the increasing trajectory and more likely to be in the decreasing symptom trajectory and Hispanics were more likely to have a high symptom trajectory than an increasing trajectory. Psychosocial/health factors varied between groups. A rise in sleep problems was associated with higher odds of having an increasing trajectory and a rise in social support was associated with lower odds. Women with low role functioning for 50% or more visits had three times the odds of being in the increasing symptom group.ConclusionsChanges in psychosocial and health characteristics were related to changing depressive symptom trajectories. Health care providers need to evaluate women's sleep quality, social support, life events, and role functioning repeatedly during midlife to monitor changes in these and depressive symptoms.
Amygdala–prefrontal connectivity during appraisal of symptom-related stimuli in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Paul Sandra , Beucke Jan C. , Kaufmann Christian , Mersov Anna , Heinzel Stephan , Kathmann Norbert , Simon Daniela 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundCognitive models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) posit dysfunctional appraisal of disorder-relevant stimuli in patients, suggesting disturbances in the processes relying on amygdala–prefrontal connectivity. Recent neuroanatomical models add to the traditional view of dysfunction in corticostriatal circuits by proposing alterations in an affective circuit including amygdala–prefrontal connections. However, abnormalities in amygdala–prefrontal coupling during symptom provocation, and particularly during conditions that require stimulus appraisal, remain to be demonstrated directly.MethodsAmygdala–prefrontal connectivity was examined in unmedicated OCD patients during appraisal (v. distraction) of symptom-provoking stimuli compared with an emotional control condition. Subsequent analyses tested whether hypothesized connectivity alterations could be also identified during passive viewing and the resting state in two independent samples.ResultsDuring symptom provocation, reductions in positive coupling between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex were observed in OCD patients relative to healthy control participants during appraisal and passive viewing of OCD-relevant stimuli, whereas abnormally high amygdala–ventromedial prefrontal cortex coupling was found when appraisal was distracted by a secondary task. In contrast, there were no group differences in amygdala connectivity at rest.ConclusionsOur finding of abnormal amygdala–prefrontal connectivity during appraisal of symptom-related (relative to generally aversive) stimuli is consistent with the involvement of affective circuits in the functional neuroanatomy of OCD. Aberrant connectivity can be assumed to impact stimulus appraisal and emotion regulation, but might also relate to fear extinction deficits, which have recently been described in OCD. Taken together, we propose to integrate abnormalities in amygdala–prefrontal coupling in affective models of OCD.
A longitudinal study on psychosocial causes and consequences of Internet gaming disorder in adolescence
Authors: Wartberg Lutz , Kriston Levente , Zieglmeier Matthias , Lincoln Tania , Kammerl Rudolf 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn 2013, Internet gaming disorder (IGD) was incorporated in the current version of the DSM-5. IGD refers to a problematic use of video games. Longitudinal studies on the etiology of IGD are lacking. Furthermore, it is currently unclear to which extent associated psychopathological problems are causes or consequences of IGD. In the present survey, longitudinal associations between IGD and adolescent and parental mental health were investigated for the first time, as well as the temporal stability of IGD.MethodsIn a cross-lagged panel design study, family dyads (adolescent with a parent each) were examined in 2016 (t1) and again 1 year later (2017, t2). Overall, 1095 family dyads were assessed at t1 and 985 dyads were re-assessed at t2 with standardized measures of IGD and several aspects of adolescent and parental mental health. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM).ResultsMale gender, a higher level of hyperactivity/inattention, self-esteem problems and IGD at t1 were predictors of IGD at t2. IGD at t1 was a predictor for adolescent emotional distress at t2. Overall, 357 out of the 985 adolescents received a diagnosis of IGD at t1 or t2: 142 (14.4%) at t1 and t2, 100 (10.2%) only at t1, and 115 (11.7%) only at t2.ConclusionsHyperactivity/inattention and self-esteem problems seem to be important for the development of IGD. We found first empirical evidence that IGD could prospectively contribute to a deterioration of adolescent mental health. Only a subgroup of affected adolescents showed IGD consistently over 1 year.
Enjoying your cultural cheesecake: Why believers are sincere and shamans are not charlatans
Authors: Boudry Maarten 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCultural evolution explains not just when people tend to develop superstitions, but also what forms these beliefs take. Beliefs that are more resilient in the face of apparent refutations and more susceptible to occasional confirmation stand a greater chance of cultural success. This argument helps to dispel the impression that shamans are mere charlatans and believers are “faking it.”
Some needed psychological clarifications on the experience(s) of shamanism
Authors: Cardeña Etzel , Krippner Stanley 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe target article's use of core concepts is confused and excessively broad. Two main types of experiences have been described in relation to shamanism: magical flight and mediumship/possession. The first refers to visual and remembered experiences of events in other realms, the second to embodied experiences of ceding mental control and personality to a preternatural entity. These experiences grossly correspond to two main experience modalities exhibited by highly hypnotizable individuals in a secular setting.
Shamanism and psychosis: Shared mechanisms?
Authors: Powers Albert R. , Corlett Philip R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIndividual-specific predispositions may precede the cultural evolution of shamanism and may be linked to it via principles of predictive coding. We have used these principles to identify commonalities between clinical and shaman-like non-clinical voice-hearers. The author may find this approach helpful in relating the experiences of shamans to those of their clients.
Therapeutic encounters and the elicitation of community care
Authors: Steinkopf Leander , de Barra Mícheál 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSingh's analysis of shamanism is regarded as a contribution to the evolutionary study of healing encounters and evolutionary medicine. Shamans must create convincing healing spectacles, while sick individuals must convincingly express symptoms and suffering to motivate community care. Both have a shared interest in convincing onlookers. This is not restricted to shamanic treatment, but is still true in modern medical care.
Complexity and possession: Gender and social structure in the variability of shamanic traits
Authors: Wood Connor P. , Stockly Kate J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSingh deploys cultural evolution to explain recurrent features of shamanistic trance forms, but fails to substantively address important distinctions between these forms. Possession trance (vs. trance without possession) is disproportionately female-dominated and found in complex societies. The effects of cultural conditions on shamanism thus extend beyond its presence or absence and are vital for modeling its professionalization and spread.
THE PRODUCTION OF SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT AMONG SWEDISH AND CHINESE SECOND LANGUAGE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH
Authors: Jackson Carrie N. , Mormer Elizabeth , Brehm Laurel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study uses a sentence completion task with Swedish and Chinese L2 English speakers to investigate how L1 morphosyntax and L2 proficiency influence L2 English subject-verb agreement production. Chinese has limited nominal and verbal number morphology, while Swedish has robust noun phrase (NP) morphology but does not number-mark verbs. Results showed that like L1 English speakers, both L2 groups used grammatical and conceptual number to produce subject-verb agreement. However, only L1 Chinese speakers—and less-proficient speakers in both L2 groups—were similarly influenced by grammatical and conceptual number when producing the subject NP. These findings demonstrate how L2 proficiency, perhaps combined with cross-linguistic differences, influence L2 production and underscore that encoding of noun and verb number are not independent.
Do children go for the nice guys? The influence of speaker benevolence and certainty on selective word learning
Authors: BERGSTRA Myrthe , DE MULDER Hannah N. M. , COOPMANS Peter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study investigated how speaker certainty (a rational cue) and speaker benevolence (an emotional cue) influence children's willingness to learn words in a selective learning paradigm. In two experiments four- to six-year-olds learnt novel labels from two speakers and, after a week, their memory for these labels was reassessed. Results demonstrated that children retained the label–object pairings for at least a week. Furthermore, children preferred to learn from certain over uncertain speakers, but they had no significant preference for nice over nasty speakers. When the cues were combined, children followed certain speakers, even if they were nasty. However, children did prefer to learn from nice and certain speakers over nasty and certain speakers. These results suggest that rational cues regarding a speaker's linguistic competence trump emotional cues regarding a speaker's affective status in word learning. However, emotional cues were found to have a subtle influence on this process.
Sensitivity of Grass Crops to Low Rates of Quizalofop
Authors: Lancaster Zachary D. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Scott Robert C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWith the widespread occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds in midsouthern U.S. rice, new technologies are needed to achieve adequate weed control. A new non–genetically modified rice trait has been commercialized that is resistant to quizalofop, an acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicide. The addition of quizalofop-resistant rice to production systems will increase the use of quizalofop, possibly increasing the risk for injury to other grass crops. Experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 to determine the sensitivity of corn, grain sorghum, and conventional rice to low rates of quizalofop (1/10× to 1/200× of 160 g ai ha–1). Conventional rice was not affected by quizalofop rate or application timing. Corn displayed the greatest response to the 1/10× quizalofop rate at the two- to three-leaf stage, with 50% to 65% injury and 35% to 37% relative yield compared to the nontreated check. Grain sorghum was injured 31% to 34% by the 1/10× quizalofop rate applied at the two- to three-leaf stage, and there was 20% to 26% injury at the panicle exertion growth stage. The highest rate of quizalofop at the panicle exertion stage reduced yields 28% to 46%. Overall, risk for injury to any of the three evaluated crops from quizalofop appears low, with greatest injury observed at the highest quizalofop drift rate, with minimal injury at lower rates.
Percutaneous Closure of Left Atrial Appendage significantly affects Lipidome Metabolism
Authors: Yücel G. , Behnes M. , Barth C. , Wenke A. , Sartorius B. , Mashayekhi K. , Yazdani B. , Bertsch T. , Rusnak J. , Saleh A. , Hoffmann U. , Fastner C. , Lang S. , Zhou X. , Sattler K. , Borggrefe M. , Akin I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPatients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and a high risk for oral anticoagulation can be treated by percutaneous implantation of left atrial appendage occlusion devices (LAAC) to reduce the risk of cardio-embolic stroke. This study evaluates whether LAAC may influence lipid metabolism, which has never been investigated before. Patients with successful LAAC were included consecutively. Venous peripheral blood samples of patients were collected immediately before (T0, baseline) and 6 months after (T1, mid-term) LAAC. A targeted metabolomics approach based on electrospray ionization liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (ESI-LC-MS/MS) and MS/MS measurements was performed. A total of 34 lipids revealed a significant change from baseline to mid-term follow-up after successful LAAC. Subgroup analysis revealed confounding influence by gender, age, diabetes mellitus type II, body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, creatinine and NT-proBNP. After multivariable adjustment within logistic regression models, these 34 lipids were still significantly altered after LAAC. Successful percutaneous LAAC may affect lipid metabolism and thereby may potentially affect pro-atherogenic and cardio-toxic effects.
Local tissue manipulation via a force- and pressure-controlled AFM micropipette for analysis of cellular processes
Authors: Roder Phillip , Hille Carsten 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLocal manipulation of complex tissues at the single-cell level is challenging and requires excellent sealing between the specimen and the micromanipulation device. Here, biological applications for a recently developed loading technique for a force- and pressure-controlled fluidic force microscope micropipette are described. This technique allows for the exact positioning and precise spatiotemporal control of liquid delivery. The feasibility of a local loading technique for tissue applications was investigated using two fluorescent dyes, with which local loading behaviour could be optically visualised. Thus, homogeneous intracellular distribution of CellTracker Red and accumulation of SYTO 9 Green within nuclei was realised in single cells of a tissue preparation. Subsequently, physiological micromanipulation experiments were performed. Salivary gland tissue was pre-incubated with the Ca2+-sensitive dye OGB-1. An intracellular Ca2+rise was then initiated at the single-cell level by applying dopamineviamicropipette. When pre-incubating tissue with the nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive dye DAF-FM, NO release and intercellular NO diffusion was observed after local application of the NO donor SNP. Finally, local micromanipulation of a well-defined area along irregularly shaped cell surfaces of complex biosystems was shown for the first time for the fluidic force microscope micropipette. Thus, this technique is a promising tool for the investigation of the spatiotemporal effects of locally applied substances in complex tissues.
Impact of sequencing depth on the characterization of the microbiome and resistome
Authors: Zaheer Rahat , Noyes Noelle , Ortega Polo Rodrigo , Cook Shaun R. , Marinier Eric , Van Domselaar Gary , Belk Keith E. , Morley Paul S. , McAllister Tim A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDevelopments in high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) technology have rapidly advanced the understanding of overall microbial ecology as well as occurrence and diversity of specific genes within diverse environments. In the present study, we compared the ability of varying sequencing depths to generate meaningful information about the taxonomic structure and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the bovine fecal microbial community. Metagenomic sequencing was conducted on eight composite fecal samples originating from four beef cattle feedlots. Metagenomic DNA was sequenced to various depths, D1, D0.5 and D0.25, with average sample read counts of 117, 59 and 26 million, respectively. A comparative analysis of the relative abundance of reads aligning to different phyla and antimicrobial classes indicated that the relative proportions of read assignments remained fairly constant regardless of depth. However, the number of reads being assigned to ARGs as well as to microbial taxa increased significantly with increasing depth. We found a depth of D0.5 was suitable to describe the microbiome and resistome of cattle fecal samples. This study helps define a balance between cost and required sequencing depth to acquire meaningful results.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 mediates pleiotrophin-induced endothelial cell migration
Authors: Lampropoulou Evgenia , Logoviti Ioanna , Koutsioumpa Marina , Hatziapostolou Maria , Polytarchou Christos , Skandalis Spyros S. , Hellman Ulf , Fousteris Manolis , Nikolaropoulos Sotirios , Choleva Efrosini , Lamprou Margarita , Skoura Angeliki , Megalooikonomou Vasileios , Papadimitriou Evangelia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPleiotrophin (PTN) stimulates endothelial cell migration through binding to receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPβ/ζ) and ανβ3 integrin. Screening for proteins that interact with RPTPβ/ζ and potentially regulate PTN signaling, through mass spectrometry analysis, identified cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) activator p35 among the proteins displaying high sequence coverage. Interaction of p35 with the serine/threonine kinase CDK5 leads to CDK5 activation, known to be implicated in cell migration. Protein immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays verified p35-RPTPβ/ζ interaction and revealed the molecular association of CDK5 and RPTPβ/ζ. In endothelial cells, PTN activates CDK5 in an RPTPβ/ζ- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. On the other hand, c-Src, ανβ3 and ERK1/2 do not mediate the PTN-induced CDK5 activation. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of CDK5 abolished PTN-induced endothelial cell migration, suggesting that CDK5 mediates PTN stimulatory effect. A new pyrrolo[2,3-α]carbazole derivative previously identified as a CDK1 inhibitor, was found to suppress CDK5 activity and eliminate PTN stimulatory effect on cell migration, warranting its further evaluation as a new CDK5 inhibitor. Collectively, our data reveal that CDK5 is activated by PTN, in an RPTPβ/ζ-dependent manner, regulates PTN-induced cell migration and is an attractive target for the inhibition of PTN pro-angiogenic properties.