bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topographic Controls on Soil Nutrient Variations in a Silvopasture System
Authors: Adhikari Kabindra , Owens Phillip R. , Ashworth Amanda J. , Sauer Thomas J. , Libohova Zamir , Richter Jenny L. , Miller David M. 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
Topographic variation influenced soil nutrient distribution in a silvopasture system.
High‐resolution digital maps of soil nutrients were generated.
Terrain attributes identified topographic functional units as management zones.
Level of soil nutrients in topographic functional units were different.
Topography plays a crucial role in spatial distribution of nutrients in soils; however, studies to quantify topographic influence on soil nutrient distribution from a silvopasture system are mostly lacking. To address this question, a 4.3‐ha silvopasture site in northwest Arkansas was selected and a total of 51 topsoil (0–15 cm thickness) samples were collected and analyzed for primary (total N [TN], P, K), secondary (Ca, Mg, S), and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, B, Na). Topographic information was acquired from 12 terrain attributes derived from a 1‐m digital elevation model. The prediction model was based on random forest. Results showed TN, S, and P were best predicted, whereas Cu, Ca, and Mn had the lowest prediction performance. Levels of S, Ca, Zn, Fe, and TN increased with SAGA wetness index, valley depth, flow accumulation, and multi‐resolution valley bottom flatness index. Normalized height and slope height were positively related to Na but negatively to B and Cu distribution. Aspect had a positive influence on P and Mg concentrations. Based on terrain attributes, the study site could be divided into four topographic functional units (TFU), namely A, B, C, and D; TFU A had the highest nutrients present, whereas TFU B had the lowest P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ca but highest Na content. However, Mn, Mg, and B did not vary among TFUs. This study affirmed topographic influences on soil nutrient distribution, and the resulting continuous soil nutrient maps are useful for fine‐tuning production systems through optimum nutrient and pasture management.
Peran pt bidang kejuruan dalam menyiapkan guru profesional
Authors: Sojow Luckie 
Published: October 2018

THE ROLE OF THE VOCATIONAL INDUSTRY IN PREPARING PROFESSIONAL TEACHERSSchool of Engineering in the Higher Educational Institutions produce professional teachers for vocational schools and training institutions who are able to meet the need of community. The curriculum should always keep up date with the needs of market. There two approaches in developing professional teacher: individual and team. Individual approach is developed by the individual self, and input might come from upper authorities, experts, and peer which is grouped by subject matter. On the other hand team approach, the system puts trust more on group of individuals that have shared goals to achieved rather than on individual. Management at study program level, as a primary practical community, can be managed holistically and in integrative ways.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN PBL TUTORIALS: CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Khoiriyah Umatul , Roberts Chris 
Published: October 2018

Background: Problem-based learning was developed firstly in western country which is dominated by western culture. The benefits of PBL implementaion in Eastern culture such as Asia have been studied. Many innovations have been developed to optimise the advantages of PBL on students learning in Asian countries. Faculty of Medicine Islamic University of Indonesia (FM IUI) has made an innovation by applying summative assessment in PBL tutorials. This study aims to evaluate the positive and negative effects of summative assessment in PBL tutorials based on a cultural perspective and to know whether this inovation could support students learning in PBL tutorials. Method: The research was conducted qualitatively through semi-structure interview among 10 students and tutors of FM IUI , who have at least one year experience in PBL tutorials. Data was analysed thematically using Hofstede’s cultural dimension. Results: Ten themes that were distributed into 4 cultural dimensions were captured from the data. It consisted of Power distance ( 2 themes), uncertainty avoidance (3 themes), Individualism vs collectivism ( 2 themes), short orientation vs long orientation ( 2 themes). Summative assessment were able to stimulate student to participate actively in tutorial, to have willingness conducting self-improvement and the need of feedback from tutor. On the other hand, this assessment induced the students to be a score oriented. It also reduced group harmonisation.Supporting factors such as case design, tutor capability and students’ understanding about PBL need to be considered. Conclusion: Summative assessment in PBL tutorials has both positive and negative impacts on the quality of tutorial process. It could support students learning in some aspects, however; it also reduce the quality of tutorial process. To minimise the negative effects, supporting factors should be optimised. Faculty should also consider other innovations that are more appropriate with Eastern culture and PBL characteristics.
Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Siswa yang Diajar Menggunakan Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif Tipe Index Card Match dengan Card Sort pada Materi Sistem Ekskresi Manusia di SMA Negeri 1 Binjai
Authors: Puspita Diana , Prastowo Puji 
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang diajar menggunakan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe Index Card Match dengan Card Sort pada materi sistem ekskresi manusia di kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Binjai Kabupaten Langkat tahun pembelajaran 2015/2016. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dan rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah “Only Post-test Group Design”. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA. Sampel penelitian diambil secara random sampling (sampel acak) yang berjumlah 86 orang terdiri dari 2 kelas. Kelas XI IPA 3 diajar menggunakan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe Index Card Match dan kelas XI IPA 2 diajar menggunakan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe Card Sort. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diajar menggunakan Index Card Match (81,04±9,42) lebih tinggi dari hasil belajar siswa yang diajar dengan Card Sort (75,81±9,99). Hipotesis menggunakan uji t menunjukkan bahwa hasil tersebut berbeda secara signifikan pada taraf kepercayaan .Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar Siswa, Index Card Match, Card Sort
Decision-Making Process in Colon Disease and Crohn’s Disease Treatment
Authors: Dardzinska Agnieszka , Kasperczuk Anna 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The article presents the process of building a logistic regression model, which aims to support the decision-making process in medicine. Currently, there is no precise diagnosis for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Specialist physicians must exclude many other diseases occurring in the colon. The first goal of this study is a retrospective analysis of medical data of patients hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Diseases and finding the symptoms differentiating the two analyzed diseases. The second goal is to build a system that clearly points to UC or CD, which shortens the time of diagnosis and facilitates the treatment of patients. The work focuses on building a model that can be the basis for the construction of classifiers, which are one of the basic elements in the medical recommendation system. The developed logistic regression model will define the probability of the disease and will indicate the statistically significant changes that affect the onset of the disease. The value of probability will be one of the main reasons for the decision.
The Development of Rural Peripheral Areas in Lithuania: The Challenges of Socio-Spatial Transition
Authors: Pociūtė-Sereikienė Gintarė , Kriaučiūnas Edis 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The collapse of the Soviet utopian world, where the government sought to plan and control economic and social processes, caused a wave of significant changes in the post-socialist countries. The territorial regrouping of citizens is one of the hard to control changes that started at the end of the 1990s in Lithuania. This article identifies the major changes in the settlement system in Lithuania and its effects on peripheral areas. The main scope of this article is an analysis of the potential of residents from peripheral areas to adapt to the rapidly changing socio-economic environment. For the analysis, we used data and information gathered during field trips to peripheral rural areas throughout the country between 2013 and 2014. This study found that the residents who remained in peripheral areas had several opportunities in rapidly changing environment after Lithuania gained its Independence in 1990. Interviews with local authorities allowed us to define three groups of residents and their potential to adapt to the labour market: those who are active, those who are passive and those who choose social benefits instead of a work salary. The survey results allowed us to predict that the ‘central-peripheral’ spatial structure will be one of the main factors influencing regional development in Lithuania in the near future.
Regional Development Between Cohesion and Competition – Current Theses and Fields of Action
Authors: Heintel Martin , Wanner Alice , Weixlbaumer Norbert 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This contribution discusses regional development drawing on the EU member state Austria as an example. The crosscutting theme is illustrated from initial positioning through to relevant fields of action. In doing so, the way forward is seen as a process and those who accompany it are seen as the ones responsible for its implementation. Responsibilities are identified along theses. These are formed in the context of demographic change, mobility, energy, regional public services, residential development, cooperation and governance processes. Fields of action are discussed in accordance with the developed theses.
Effects of Low Level Laser Therapy on Erosive-atrophic Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Mutafchieva Maria Z. , Draganova-Filipova Milena N. , Zagorchev Plamen I. , Tomov Georgi T. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background: The erosive-atrophic form of oral lichen planus (OLP) is associated with severe pain and burning sensation and is often unresponsive to treatment. Topical corticosteroids are considered as a medication of first choice but they can produce adverse effects. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are required.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of biomodulation with diode laser in patients presenting with long-standing erosive-atrophic OLP.
Materials and methods: Twelve patients, clinically and histologically diagnosed with OLP, participated in this study. The level of pain and the clinical scores of total 59 lesions were recorded before treatment using visual analog scale and Thongprasom sign scoring system respectively. All patients received low level laser therapy (LLLT) with diode laser (810 nm) with parameters (0.5 W, 30 s, 1.2 J/cm2) three times weekly for a month. The response rate was assessed according to the decrease in pain and sign scores. Treatment efficacy index was calculated.
Results: There was a significant reduction in pain after LLLT (p<0.0001). Improvement in clinical signs was achieved in 59.3% of the lesions. At the end of the treatment 5.1% of the lesions exhibited score 5; 6.8% - score 4, 11.9% of the lesions were scored 3 and 8.5% and 30.5% showed score 2 and score 1, respectively. Complete resolution was revealed in 37.3% of the lesions. All patients experienced some degree of improvement. Most of the cases showed moderate recovery.
Conclusion: The present results indicate that LLLT is an effective and harmless modality for management of erosive-atrophic OLP.
Immunohistochemical Study of the Stromal Cells in the Lactating Bovine Mammary Gland
Authors: Marettová E. , Maretta M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The bovine mammary gland is a special gland characterized by high secretory activity. During lactation the cellular and fibrous components of the interstitial tissue septa are exposed to store accumulated secretory products. The aim of this study was to find and study the cells in the stroma of the bovine lactating mammary gland. For this purpose, the immunohistochemical methods and antibodies against the smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and desmin were used. The myoepithelial cells (MEC) which stained with smooth muscle actin (SMA), were found supporting the secretory units and the intralobular ducts. Coexpression of the SMA and desmin were found in the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels. The fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) and free cells positive to vimentin were located in the connective tissue septa. The results of this study on the mammary glands indicated that smooth muscle cells (SMC) were altered in the lactating mammary gland, with additional cells such as fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) participated in the storage and after milk let-down they allowed the mammary glands to return to their original state.
Sürgün uçları kullanarak tıbbi ve süs bitkisi özelliği olan Arum italicum MILLER bitkisinden in vitro sürgün çoğaltımı
Authors: AHMED Hussein Abdullah Ahmed , URANBEY Serkan , YAMAN Cennet 
Published: October 2018

Akdeniz bölgesinde yayılış gösteren, ülkemizde gen merkezi
konumunda olduğumuz Arum cinsine ait
bazı türleri, tıbbi ve süs bitkisi
amaçlı doğadan düzensiz toplanmakta ya da yetiştirilerek uzun yıllardır ihraç
edilmektedir. Ülkemizde Arum italicum MILLER
türünün üretiminde fungal hastalıklar yumru verimini azaltmakta, yavru yumru
oluşturması için uzun zamana ihtiyaç duyması nedeniyle üretiminde sorunlar
bulunmakta, ayrıca, doğadan düzensiz toplanması sonucu ekolojik problemlerle
karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın da amacı, Arum italicum’da ilk kez doku kültürü teknikleriyle
patojenlerden ari hızlı çoğaltımıdır. Çalışmada, Arum italicum yumruları dormansi kırılacak şekilde soğuk ortamda (+4 oC)
kültüre alınmış, daha sonra sürgün uçları farklı
konsantrasyonlarda sitokinin 6-Benzylaminopurin
(BAP), Kinetin
(KIN), Thidiazuron (TDZ)
ve oksin Indol-3-asetik asit (IAA), Indol-3-bütirik asit (IBA) ve Naftalenasetik
asit (NAA) içeren besin ortamlarında kültüre alınmıştır. En yüksek sürgün
rejenerayonu (% 35.0) ve en yüksek eksplant başına sürgün sayısı (0.75 adet) 2 mg l-1
BAP ve 0.50 mg l-1 NAA
uygulamasından elde edilmiş, bitkiciklerin ortalama % 52’si başarılı bir
şekilde aklimatize edilerek yaşatılmıştır.
Manifestations of the Epidemic Process of Measles and Rubella at the Present Stage
Authors: Pozdnyakov A. A. , Chernyavskaya O. P. 
Published: October 2018

Relevance.Measles and rubella have been known to humanity for centuries. These two infections have a number of similarities. However, despite all the similarities and a single elimination program, it is not possible to achieve the same results by the level of the incidence of these infections. Goal. Identify common features and differences in the manifestations of the epidemic process of measles and rubella at the present stage and formulate a hypothesis on their explanation.Materials and methods. Methods of retrospective epidemiological analysis of morbidity were used: Evaluation of the statistical significance of the differences in indicators with the Student’s test. To compare the rate of decrease in the incidence of measles and rubella their exponential approximations using the method of least squares were used. To process the research data, the Microsoft Excel program was used.Results.In the pre-vaccination period, the incidence of measles was 4.6 times higher than rubella. For major infections in this period characterized by a pronounced cyclic morbidity, while the intervals between cyclical rises for measles are shorter, and the amplitude of cycles is higher. As the population was vaccinated, the incidence of these infections decreased, while the rate of decline in the incidence of rubella was higher than that of measles. Also, a faster decrease in morbidity and smoothing of the cyclicity, a transition to older age groups, a gradual exit from the incidence of younger age groups confirm that the rubella has a contact number less then measles.Conclusion.The current level of population immunity is sufficient to eliminate rubella in a relatively short time. For measles, which has greater contagiousness and a contact number, and is more demanding for population immunity, this level is not enough. As a consequence, rubella shows better «manageability» in immunization than measles.
Problematic Aspects of the Evaluation of the Epidemiological Effectiveness of Vaccination against Tick-BORNE Encephalitis
Authors: Penyevskaya N. A. , Rudakov N. V. , Rudakova S. A. 
Published: October 2018

This review analyzes the methodological reasons for the heterogeneity of the results of the evaluation of the epidemiological effectiveness of vaccine prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) using indicators such as the efficiency coefficient (COEF) and the efficiency index (IEF), and their discrepancy with similar indicators of the immunological effectiveness of vaccines. It is shown that the calculation of COEF and IEF according to official statistical reporting is illegal in connection with the emergence of systematic errors of selection due to the impossibility of retrospective formation of compared groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated, comparable in risk of infection and disease. In addition, COEF and IEF do not allow to compare the efficiency of vaccination in different areas in physical and monetary units.Based on the analysis of the literature data on immunogenicity of modern vaccines against TBE, protective titer of antibodies and results of field tests of vaccine efficacy in the conditions of total coverage of the population with vaccinations, the authors conclude that the third generation vaccines against TBE protect against disease 95–98% of persons attacked by ticks. Algorithm for calculating the number of preventable cases of TBE diseases is proposed for a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of vaccination as an anti-epidemic measure in different areas.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN STUDENTS’ BLOG SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Hamuddin Budianto , Dahler Dahler , Muzdalifah Indah , Syaifullah Syaifullah 
Published: October 2018

Artikel ini berbagi hasil evaluasi dari sebuah pendekatan inovatif yang coba diterapkan di jurusan bahasa Inggris FKIP Unilak, dimana persepsi pengguna blog yakni mahasiswa di dua semester yang berbeda akan menjadi titik fokus dalam penelitian ini. Blog merupakan homepage interaktif yang mudah untuk dikelola memungkinkan siswa untuk terlibat dalam kegiatan online, sehingga memperluas kegiatan pembelajaran bahasa mereka melebihi jika belajar didalam kelas. Blogging bisa juga mendorong proses pembelajaran yang lebih otonom. Temuan dari survei sikap dan persepsi yang dilakukan selama dua semester dengan sebelas kelas dengan jumlah mahasiswa sebanyak 168 akan tetapi dalam masa pengumpulan data dari angket online terdapat 145 mahasiswa yang mengisi angket yang terdiri dari 127 mahasiswa jurusan bahasa Inggris serta 18 mahasiswa dari group ekskul Blogger yang terdiri dari jurusan yang berbeda-beda. Dari hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa mereka memiliki persepsi yang positif dan mendukung penggunaan blog sebagai media atau strategi pembelajaran peningkatan kemampuan bahasa Inggris di dalam kelas mereka
PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN JAMUR TIRAM DI KELURAHAN TANGKERANG TENGAH KECAMATAN MARPOYAN DAMAI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Susi Neng , Rizal M , Mutryarny Enny 
Published: October 2018

Jamur tiram dapat mendatangkan keuntungan maupun kerugian. Ada beberapa jenis jamur yang bisa diolah menjadi aneka makanan lezat. Bahkan, jamur juga bisa menjadi bagian dalam pembuatan obat tradisional. Salah satunya adalah jamur tiram yang akhir-akhir ini banyak dilirik. Jamur yang berwarna putih ini juga dikenal dengan sebutan Shimeji (Jepang), Abalon Mushroom atau Ayster Mushrom (Eropa atau Amerika) dan Supa Liat (Jawa Barat). Jamur ini kandungan gizinya cukup tinggi sehingga cocok bagi yang sedang diet. Umumnya petani jamur tiram menjual jamur dalam keadaan segar. Saat ini belum banyak di Pekanbaru yang menjual jamur yang telah diolah walaupun secara finansial menjual setelah diolah jauh lebih menguntungkan dibanding dengan dijual segar. Dari survey dan wawancara langsung dengan penduduk setempat dapat diketahui bahwa mereka belum mempunyai pengetahuan tentang teknik pengolahan jamur untuk dijadikan berbagai macam jenis penganan. Pengetahuan mereka hanya sebatas disayur atau ditumis biasa, bahkan mereka sudah bosan dengan tumisan jamur. Karena masih banyaknya warga yang belum mengetahui bagaimana cara pengolahan jamur tiram , maka pengabdian kepada masyarakat kami kali ini akan mengulas tentang pengolahan jamur tiram.Tujuan dilakukannya pelatihan ini adalah agar mitra memperoleh pengetahuan pengolahan jamur tiram untuk dijadikan rendang, nugget, abon dan krispy jamur tiram.. Pengetahuan diberikan kepada mitra meliputi pengolahan jamur tiram menjadi nugget, rendang, abon dan krispy jamur tiram. Mitra diberikan pengetahuan tentang memproduksi produk olahan jamur tiram dengan kualitas yang lebih baik. Selain itu pengetahuan tentang peluang pasar produk juga diberikan kepada mitra. Adapun peningkatan pengetahuan pengolahan jamur tiram di olah menjadi nugget, rendang, abon dan krispy adalah 80%
PREVENTIF APROACH: BAHAYA BORAK DAN CARA MENGIDENTIFIKASI MAKANAN YANG MENGANDUNG BORAK
Authors: Rz Ira Oktaviani , Yandra Alexsander 
Published: October 2018

According to regulation of Health Minister No.033 th 2012 about food additives, borax is a hazardous and toxic material banned as a food aditive. If borax used in a long time can caused many disease, especially cancer and dead. Lack of public knowledge about borax make they dont have preventif action to choose foods. Therefore, we interested to provide counseling with lecture and discussion method and then workshop which is participant come forward doing identification borax looking for shape, color, and smell and identification directly on food containing borax. The result of this service activity is understanding the society of Tebing Tinggi Okura about dangerous of borax in health increase and they know the characteristic of food containing borax. So, public more carefuly choosing the healthy food