bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Physical Fitness Characteristics and Match-Play Demands in Adolescent Netball: Should Male and Female Adolescents Co-compete in Netball?
Authors: Tissera Kevin M. , Naughton Geraldine A. , Gabbett Tim J. , Krause Lyndon M. , Moresi Mark P. , Benson Amanda C. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Tissera, KM, Naughton, GA, Gabbett, TJ, Krause, LM, Moresi, MP, and Benson, AC. Sex differences in physical fitness characteristics and match-play demands in adolescent netball: Should male and female adolescents co-compete in netball? J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 846–856, 2019—Sports participation offers multifaceted benefits, especially during adolescence. However, policies relating to male and female adolescents co-competing in team sports can be prohibitive and lack an evidence base. This study aimed to strengthen evidence on coparticipation of male and female adolescents playing recreational netball. Off-court fitness characteristics (power, speed, agility, and high-speed intermittent running) and match-play performances from global positioning system (GPS) and video analysis were compared in adolescent males (n = 34, mean ± SD, age, 15.2 ± 0.8 years) and females (n = 45, mean ± SD, age, 14.9 ± 0.7 years), with previous recreational netball experience. Independent t-tests showed adolescent men outperforming females in all off-court fitness characteristics (p < 0.001). Two-way analyses of variance explored sex-based interactions in match-play (GPS accelerometer data and notational analyses) and type of competition (mixed-/single-sex formats) in forty-two 7-minute matches. Overall, no differences in match-play performances were found between males and females (p > 0.05). Notational skill-based comparisons showed that male skills were better in mixed- than single-sex matches. Conversely, competition format did not alter skills of females. Despite more netball experience in females and superior off-court fitness characteristics in males, on-court performance differences between males and females were minimal in these recreational adolescent netball players. Coparticipation in netball was not detrimental to the performance of either sex.
Sentryn and SAD Kinase Link the Guided Transport and Capture of Dense Core Vesicles in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Morrison Logan M , Edwards Stacey L , Manning Laura , Stec Natalia , Richmond Janet E , Miller Kenneth G 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Dense core vesicles (DCVs) can transmit signals by releasing neuropeptides from specialized synaptic regions called active zones. DCVs reach the active zone by motorized transport through a long axon. A reverse motor frequently interrupts progress by taking DCVs in the opposite direction. “Guided transport” refers to the mechanism by which outward movements ultimately dominate to bring DCVs to the synaptic region. After guided transport, DCVs alter their interactions with motors and enter a “captured” state. The mechanisms of guided transport and capture of DCVs are unknown. Here, we discovered two proteins that contribute to both processes in Caenorhabditis elegans. SAD kinase and a novel conserved protein we named Sentryn are the first proteins found to promote DCV capture. By imaging DCVs moving in various regions of single identified neurons in living animals, we found that DCV guided transport and capture are linked through SAD kinase, Sentryn, and Liprin-α. These proteins act together to regulate DCV motorized transport in a region-specific manner. Between the cell body and the synaptic region, they promote forward transport. In the synaptic region, where all three proteins are highly enriched at active zones, they promote DCV pausing by inhibiting transport in both directions. These three proteins appear to be part of a special subset of active zone-enriched proteins because other active zone proteins do not share their unique functions.
The Drosophila Dot Chromosome: Where Genes Flourish Amidst Repeats
Authors: Riddle Nicole C , Elgin Sarah C R 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The F element of the Drosophila karyotype (the fourth chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster) is often referred to as the “dot chromosome” because of its appearance in a metaphase chromosome spread. This chromosome is distinct from other Drosophila autosomes in possessing both a high level of repetitious sequences (in particular, remnants of transposable elements) and a gene density similar to that found in the other chromosome arms, ∼80 genes distributed throughout its 1.3-Mb “long arm.” The dot chromosome is notorious for its lack of recombination and is often neglected as a consequence. This and other features suggest that the F element is packaged as heterochromatin throughout. F element genes have distinct characteristics (e.g., low codon bias, and larger size due both to larger introns and an increased number of exons), but exhibit expression levels comparable to genes found in euchromatin. Mapping experiments show the presence of appropriate chromatin modifications for the formation of DNaseI hypersensitive sites and transcript initiation at the 5′ ends of active genes, but, in most cases, high levels of heterochromatin proteins are observed over the body of these genes. These various features raise many interesting questions about the relationships of chromatin structures with gene and chromosome function. The apparent evolution of the F element as an autosome from an ancestral sex chromosome also raises intriguing questions. The findings argue that the F element is a unique chromosome that occupies its own space in the nucleus. Further study of the F element should provide new insights into chromosome structure and function.
Birth and Death of LTR-Retrotransposons inAegilops tauschii
Authors: Dai Xiongtao , Wang Hao , Zhou Hongye , Wang Le , Dvořák Jan , Bennetzen Jeffrey L , Müller Hans-Georg 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDai et al. employed time-dynamic modeling for the insertion rate (birth) and the deletion rate (death) of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) in the Aegilops tauschii genome. They found that insertion rates of the 35...Long terminal repeat-retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are a major component of all flowering plant genomes. To analyze the time dynamics of LTR-RTs, we modeled the insertion rates of the 35 most abundant LTR-RT families in the genome of Aegilops tauschii, one of the progenitors of wheat. Our model of insertion rate (birth) takes into account random variation in LTR divergence and the deletion rate (death) of LTR-RTs. Modeling the death rate is crucial because ignoring it would underestimate insertion rates in the distant past. We rejected the hypothesis of constancy of insertion rates for all 35 families and showed by simulations that our hypothesis test controlled the false-positive rate. LTR-RT insertions peaked from 0.064 to 2.39 MYA across the 35 families. Among other effects, the average age of elements within a family was negatively associated with recombination rate along a chromosome, with proximity to the closest gene, and weakly associated with the proximity to its 5′ end. Elements within a family that were near genes colinear with genes in the genome of tetraploid emmer wheat tended to be younger than those near noncolinear genes. We discuss these associations in the context of genome evolution and stability of genome sizes in the tribe Triticeae. We demonstrate the general utility of our models by analyzing the two most abundant LTR-RT families in Arabidopsis lyrata, and show that these families differed in their insertion dynamics. Our estimation methods are available in the R package TE on CRAN.
Can Deep Learning Improve Genomic Prediction of Complex Human Traits?
Authors: Bellot Pau , de los Campos Gustavo , Pérez-Enciso Miguel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe current excitement around artificial intelligence and the renewed interest in “deep learning” (DL) have been applied to the genetic analysis of complex traits; however, the performance of DL for genomic prediction of complex...The genetic analysis of complex traits does not escape the current excitement around artificial intelligence, including a renewed interest in “deep learning” (DL) techniques such as Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, the performance of DL for genomic prediction of complex human traits has not been comprehensively tested. To provide an evaluation of MLPs and CNNs, we used data from distantly related white Caucasian individuals (n ∼100k individuals, m ∼500k SNPs, and k = 1000) of the interim release of the UK Biobank. We analyzed a total of five phenotypes: height, bone heel mineral density, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and waist–hip ratio, with genomic heritabilities ranging from ∼0.20 to 0.70. After hyperparameter optimization using a genetic algorithm, we considered several configurations, from shallow to deep learners, and compared the predictive performance of MLPs and CNNs with that of Bayesian linear regressions across sets of SNPs (from 10k to 50k) that were preselected using single-marker regression analyses. For height, a highly heritable phenotype, all methods performed similarly, although CNNs were slightly but consistently worse. For the rest of the phenotypes, the performance of some CNNs was comparable or slightly better than linear methods. Performance of MLPs was highly dependent on SNP set and phenotype. In all, over the range of traits evaluated in this study, CNN performance was competitive to linear models, but we did not find any case where DL outperformed the linear model by a sizable margin. We suggest that more research is needed to adapt CNN methodology, originally motivated by image analysis, to genetic-based problems in order for CNNs to be competitive with linear models.
Caenorhabditis elegans ced-3Caspase Is Required for Asymmetric Divisions That Generate Cells Programmed To Die
Authors: Mishra Nikhil , Wei Hai , Conradt Barbara 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCaspases have functions other than in apoptosis. Here, we report that Caenorhabditis elegans CED-3 caspase regulates asymmetric cell division. Many of the 131 cells that are “programmed” to die during C. elegans development are the smaller daughter of a neuroblast that divides asymmetrically by size and fate. We have previously shown that CED-3 caspase is activated in such neuroblasts, and that before neuroblast division, a gradient of CED-3 caspase activity is formed in a ced-1 MEGF10 (multiple EGF-like domains 10)-dependent manner. This results in the nonrandom segregation of active CED-3 caspase or “apoptotic potential” into the smaller daughter. We now show that CED-3 caspase is necessary for the ability of neuroblasts to divide asymmetrically by size. In addition, we provide evidence that a pig-1 MELK (maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase)-dependent reciprocal gradient of “mitotic potential” is formed in the QL.p neuroblast, and that CED-3 caspase antagonizes this mitotic potential. Based on these findings, we propose that CED-3 caspase plays a critical role in the asymmetric division by size and fate of neuroblasts, and that this contributes to the reproducibility and robustness with which the smaller daughter cell is produced and adopts the apoptotic fate. Finally, the function of CED-3 caspase in this context is dependent on its activation through the conserved egl-1 BH3-only, ced-9 Bcl-2, and ced-4 Apaf-1 pathway. In mammals, caspases affect various aspects of stem cell lineages. We speculate that the new nonapoptotic function of C. elegans CED-3 caspase in asymmetric neuroblast division is relevant to the function(s) of mammalian caspases in stem cells.
Selection-Like Biases Emerge in Population Models with Recurrent Jackpot Events
Authors: Hallatschek Oskar 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Evolutionary dynamics driven out of equilibrium by growth, expansion, or adaptation often generate a characteristically skewed distribution of descendant numbers: the earliest, the most advanced, or the fittest ancestors have exceptionally large number of descendants, which Luria and Delbrück called “jackpot” events. Here, I show that recurrent jackpot events generate a deterministic median bias favoring majority alleles, which is akin to positive frequency-dependent selection (proportional to the log ratio of the frequencies of mutant and wild-type alleles). This fictitious selection force results from the fact that majority alleles tend to sample deeper into the tail of the descendant distribution. The flip side of this sampling effect is the rare occurrence of large frequency hikes in favor of minority alleles, which ensures that the allele frequency dynamics remains neutral in expectation, unless genuine selection is present. The resulting picture of a selection-like bias compensated by rare big jumps allows for an intuitive understanding of allele frequency trajectories and enables the exact calculation of transition densities for a range of important scenarios, including population-size variations and different forms of natural selection. As a general signature of evolution by rare events, fictitious selection hampers the establishment of new beneficial mutations, counteracts balancing selection, and confounds methods to infer selection from data over limited timescales.
Robust Genome Editing with Short Single-Stranded and Long, Partially Single-Stranded DNA Donors inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Dokshin Gregoriy A , Ghanta Krishna S , Piscopo Katherine M , Mello Craig C 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA robust genome editing pipeline is critical to the vitality of a modern genetic laboratory. Previous studies have shown that Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-based editing can be highly effective in Caenorhabditis elegans, particularly...CRISPR-based genome editing using ribonucleoprotein complexes and synthetic single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) donors can be highly effective. However, reproducibility can vary, and precise, targeted integration of longer constructs—such as green fluorescent protein tags remains challenging in many systems. Here, we describe a streamlined and optimized editing protocol for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate its efficacy, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness by affinity-tagging 14 Argonaute proteins in C. elegans using ssODN donors. In addition, we describe a novel PCR-based, partially single-stranded, “hybrid” donor design that yields high efficiency editing with large (kilobase-scale) constructs. We use these hybrid donors to introduce fluorescent protein tags into multiple loci, achieving editing efficiencies that approach those previously obtained only with much shorter ssODN donors. The principals and strategies described here are likely to translate to other systems, and should allow researchers to reproducibly and efficiently obtain both long and short precision genome edits.
The mTOR Target S6 Kinase Arrests Development in Caenorhabditis elegans When the Heat-Shock Transcription Factor Is Impaired
Authors: Chisnell Peter , Parenteau T Richard , Tank Elizabeth , Ashrafi Kaveh , Kenyon Cynthia 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The widely conserved heat-shock response, regulated by heat-shock transcription factors, is not only essential for cellular stress resistance and adult longevity, but also for proper development. However, the genetic mechanisms by which heat-shock transcription factors regulate development are not well understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we conducted an unbiased genetic screen to identify mutations that could ameliorate the developmental-arrest phenotype of a heat-shock factor mutant. Here, we show that loss of the conserved translational activator rsks-1/S6 kinase, a downstream effector of mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, can rescue the developmental-arrest phenotype of hsf-1 partial loss-of-function mutants. Unexpectedly, we show that the rescue is not likely caused by reduced translation, nor by activation of any of a variety of stress-protective genes and pathways. Our findings identify an as-yet unexplained regulatory relationship between the heat-shock transcription factor and the mTOR pathway during C. elegans development.
Piloting a Tool for Assessment of Person-organization Fit for Residency Applicants: Lessons from Organizational Psychology
Authors: Rothstein William , Kremers Alex , Goldberg Stephanie 
Published: November 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. The General Surgery residency application process has grown competitive, requiring medical students to apply to a greater number of programs. While there has been much discussion of how programs can select the best applicants, there are few resources to help applicants. Person-organization fit is an important determinant of job satisfaction, which itself is an important determinant of physician performance. Using a validated method from the field Organizational Psychology, we developed a formal tool to assist residency applicants in assessing person-organization fit in prospective programs.
Prototipe Sistem Elektronis Berbantuan PC untuk Pemantauan Kondisi Pasokan Daya Listrik
Authors: Goeritno Arief , Herutama Yudha 
Published: November 2018

The prototype of the electronic system aided personal computer for monitoring the condition of the electric power supply have been done. The principle for fabricating the prototype of the electronic system based on the mechanism of handshaking system between electronic systems and line port for a printer. Program embedded on a personal computer with certain specifications for the operation of the system. The prototype of the electronic system consists of 3 (three) main subsystems, namely the diver circuit, sensor circuit, and the circuit of electrical installations analogy. Measuring against the prototype performance is carried out on the port line for the printer, driver circuit, sensor circuit, and electrical installation analogy circuit. The path performance on the port line for the printer is focused on high or low logic on each port. Data port condition is used to process data transmission, while the status and control port conditions are used to process data reception. The performance of the control circuit is very much determined by inputting data from the user so that it is closely related to the data port. The performance of the sensor circuit is very much determined by the condition of the electrical installation analogy, so it is closely related to the status and control ports. The performance of the circuit of electrical installation analogy is marked by the presence of a voltage value, and if the voltage measured in the electrical installation is 220 volts AC, then it is as an installation marker inactive condition. Overall the system is capable of 8 remote monitoring points so that the condition of the electrical power supply through the electrical panel can be monitored at any time.
A randomized, double-blind, comparative study for efficacy assessment of two hyaluronic acid nasolabial fillers
Authors: Ahmad Nasrollahi Saman , Nassiri Kashani Mansour , Yazdanparast Taraneh , Ameri Setareh , Firooz Alireza 
Published: November 2018

<p class="Default">Hyaluronic acid fillers are considered safe for use in cosmetics as described in the safety assessment. This study was aimed to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of two hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers on mild nasolabial folds. Ten women aged 30-50 years with mild nasolabial folds participated for injection of A and B gels into right or left nasolabial folds. The volume and surface of nasolabial folds were measured by CSI software and the density and thickness of dermis assessed by skin ultrasonography before and 2, 12, and 24 weeks after injection. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20, and p-value &lt;0.05 were considered as significant. Global assessment showed over 50% improvement in patients injected with both gel A and B. At 2 weeks after injecting gel A the volume and surface of wrinkles decreased significantly. In the side injected with gel B, this reduction was significant at 2 and 12 weeks after injection. In addition, 24 weeks after injection of both gels the dermis echo-density increased and the dermis thickness decreased. This study indicated the significant positive filling effect of both HA fillers in decreasing the clinical signs of wrinkles at nasolabial folds. Comparing both fillers, there were not any statistically significant differences in any of measurements, but the persistence of gel B to improve the wrinkle appearance was slightly better than gel A. </p>
Private air transport and its implications on tourism
Authors: Paun Gabriel Iulian 
Published: November 2018

The role of transport services in the tourism sector is very important â€“ the tourist has to travel in order to reach a destination. The current economic crisis has profound implications on the entire world economy, also affecting national economies. Transport and tourism are important industries and their role in the overall economic development cannot be neglected. This paper explores the implications of private air transport on the evolution of tourism in Romania. We analyse a set of indicators that is important for the dynamics of these industries and the correlation degree between the tourist traffic indicators and some of the air transport indicators. We apply various econometric and statistical methods as the correlation coefficient and the regression method. The identification of these correlations is necessary for conceiving strategies of neutralisation of negative effects or of enhancement of positive influences in relation to tourism evolution.
Keywords: Private air transport, tourism, demand, supply, tourism evolution.