bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Survival and Determinants of Mortality in Aroresa District, Southern Ethiopia: a Prospective cohort study
Authors: Hibstu Desalegn Tsegaw , Limaso Alaka Adiso , Dangisso Mesay Hailu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

The first day, week and month of life are the most critical period for the survival of children. In Ethiopia, despite a significant reduction in under-five mortality during the last fifteen years, neonatal mortality remains a public health problem accounting for 47% of under-five mortality. Understanding neonatal survival and risk factors for neonatal mortality could help devising tailored interventions.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the neonatal survival and risk factors for neonatal mortality in Aroresa district, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A community based prospective follow up study was conducted among a cohort of term pregnant mothers and neonates delivered from January 1/2018 to March 30/2018. A total of 586 term pregnant mothers were selected with a multistage sampling technique and 584 neonates were followed-up for a total of 28 days, with 12 twin pairs. Data were coded, entered cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to show pattern of neonatal death in 28 days. Independent and adjusted relationships of different predictors with neonates’ survival were assessed with Cox regression model. The risk of mortality was explored and presented with hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval and P-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant.

Result

The overall neonatal mortality was 41 per 1000 live births. Hazards of neonatal mortality was high for neonates with complications (AHR=3.643; 95% CI, 1.36-9.77), male neonates (AHR=2.71; 95% CI, 1.03-7.09), small sized baby (AHR=3.46; 95% CI, 1.119-10.704), neonates who had initiated EBF after one hour (AHR=3.572; 95% CI, 1.255-10.165) and with mothers who had no postnatal care (AHR=3.07; 95% CI, 1.16-8.12).

Conclusion

Neonatal mortality in study area was 4.1% which was high and immediate action should be taken towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. To improve neonatal survival, high impact interventions such as promotion of maternal service utilization, essential newborn care and early initiation of exclusive breast feeding were recommended.
Alcohol use, pregnancy and associated risk factors: a pilot cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending antenatal care in an urban city
Authors: Moise Imelda K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preventable alcohol-related developmental disability fetal alcohol syndrome. This study examined the prevalence of alcohol use in a representative sample of pregnant women attending prenatal care at two urban clinics in Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods
A cross-sectional facility based survey evaluated self-reported alcohol use in the periconceptional period and pregnancy recognition (outcomes). Bivariate analyses were performed using the χ2 test for dichotomous variables and the t-test for continuous variables. Mixed-effects linear models were used to evaluate the effect of outcome variables with patient-level variables.

Results
About 40 (21.2%) pregnant women were identified by the T-ACE as at-risk for problem drinking during pregnancy. Except for regular prenatal care and distance, there was no difference in the demographic factors between pregnant women who scored <2 on the T-ACE and those that scored > 2 points (all p’s > 0.05). A small proportional of women at both clinics reported binge drinking during the periconceptional period (12.7% vs. 3.2%, p=0.003) and beyond periconception period. Excluding employed women, no significant relationships were observed between alcohol use and demographic factors.

Conclusion
These findings underscore the need for targeted screening and intervention for alcohol use in all pregnant women in Zambia.
The Shamiri Group Intervention for Adolescent Anxiety and Depression: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Lay Provider-Delivered, School-Based Intervention in Kenya
Authors: Osborn Tom Lee , Venturo-Conerly Katherine E. , Wasil Akash R. , Rodriguez Micaela , Roe Elizabeth , Alemu Rediet , G. Susana Arango , Gan Jenny , Cienkowski Tomasz , Wasanga Christine , Schleider Jessica L. , Weisz John R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Developing low-cost yet scalable interventions for youth depression and anxiety symptoms in low-income regions such as countries in Sub Saharan Africa is a global mental health priority. We developed and intend to evaluate one such intervention for adolescent depression and anxiety in Kenya. The intervention, named Shamiri (a Swahili word for ‘thrive’), draws upon evidence-based components of brief interventions that involve nonclinical principles rather than treatment of psychopathology (e.g. growth mindset, gratitude and virtues). Methods Between 400 and 500 high-symptom Kenyan adolescents (ages 13-18) will be randomized to either the four-week Shamiri group intervention or a group study-skills control intervention of equal duration and dosage. Participating adolescents will meet in groups of 8-15, led by a high-school graduate trained to deliver Shamiri as a lay-provider. Adolescents will self-report primary outcome measures (depression and anxiety symptoms) and secondary outcome measures (e.g., perceived social support, perceived academic control, self-reported optimism, etc.) at the 2-week intervention midpoint, 4-week post-intervention endpoint, and 2-week post-intervention follow-up. We predict that adolescents in the Shamiri group, when compared to the study-skills control group, will show greater improvements in primary outcomes and secondary outcomes. Discussion Results may suggest that a brief, lay-provider delivered, school-based intervention may reduce internalizing symptoms, improve academic outcomes and other psychosocial outcomes in high-symptom adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa. Trial Registration Pan African Clinical Trials Registry. Trial ID: PACTR201906525818462. Registered 12th June 2019. https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=8185
Analysis on the influence of the proportion and growth rate of different categories of drug clinical trial research funds on quality improvement in China recently six years
Authors: Chen Liran , Chen Huafang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: China Food and Drug Administration issued Announcement of Self-examination and Inspection of Drug Clinical Trial Data on July 22, 2015. Great change have taken place since the most stringent drug registration self-examination and inspection in history was launched, among those variety, the cost of clinical trials is one of the important changes. Methods ：The paper compare the changes in the cost of drug clinical trials on both amount and structures between 3 years before and after self-examination and inspection initiated by the CFDA ,Identify the increase number and composition, analyze the impact of the cost of new CRC, the labor service of researchers, the audit company, the institutional drug management and quality control on the quality improvement of drug clinical trials. Conclusions ： According to the article, the emergence and rise in most clinical trials costs are conducive to the quality enhancement of drug clinical trial, the occurrence and continuous increase of CRC costs improve the quality, at the same time, It implies a barriers factor to improve the drug clinical trial quality. To improve the quality of clinical trials, China must regulate the booming SMO market and formulate actively industry standards and qualification certification for CRC.
Role of mean platelet volume in hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis during pregnancy
Authors: Zeng Longhuan , Cai Xueying , Chen Jiayi , Jin Guangyong , Zheng Yongke 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Purpose

Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) during pregnancy is a rare but severe disease with high maternal-fetal mortality risk, which constitutes a systemic inflammatory process accompanied by thrombosis and bleeding disorders. However, the role of mean platelet volume (MPV) in HTG-AP during pregnancy remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the role of MPV and the potential relationship with disease severity in HTG-AP during pregnancy.

Methods

In the retrospective study, we collected 45 patients with HTG-AP during pregnancy as the HTG-AP group and 49 pregnant females with hypertriglyceridemia as the control group. MPV and other relevant variables at onset and remission were collected and compared.

Results

MPV levels were significantly higher in the HTG-AP group than in the control group (P < 0.001), and lower in remission than on onset (P = 0.002). According to the severity of acute pancreatitis, all subjects were classified into mild AP (MAP), moderately severe AP (MSAP), and severe AP (SAP) groups. There was a significant difference in MPV on onset among the three groups (P = 0.048), and the SAP patients had the highest levels of MPV. In addition, only in the SAP group, MPV was lower in remission than on onset (P = 0.010).

Conclusion

These results may indicate an important role of MPV in evaluating the severity of HTG-AP during pregnancy.
PSICOPATIA: DOSIMETRIA DA PENA SOB A ANÁLISE DA PERSONALIDADE DO AGENTE
Authors: Santana Diogo Caetano , Campelo Raissa Braga 
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a personalidade do agente delituoso psicopata no que tange a sua personalidade peculiar, sob o manto da imputabilidade penal, discorrendo sobre a posição da doutrina psicológica sobre a possível configuração de uma doença mental ou loucura, bem como os sentimentos intrínsecos de tal agente e seus sentimentos nas relações interpessoais, e assim fazendo criando-se um paralelo com quem é o psicopata e quem é o serial killer, assim na sequência a partir da análise da personalidade do agente psicopata o texto elenca um estudo acerca das circunstâncias do crime diante das peculiaridades da personalidade do psicopata, propiciando também uma análise das circunstâncias do crime suas características e seus aspectos legais no tocante ao direito penal brasileiro, bem como a análise da personalidade na fase de dosimetria da pena e qual a valoração esta personalidade vai ter na fase de dosimetria da pena, assim tais discussões irão oportunizar uma visão acerca da imputação da pena base, prevista no artigo 59 do código penal, e as circunstâncias judiciais dispostas no artigo em epígrafe, bem como as espécies que trazem em seu bojo, analisadas de forma individual. Além da análise da dosimetria da pena e a personalidade do agente psicopata frente a uma dupla dosagem de pena, analisando se existe uma afronta ao princípio do non bis in idem, para ao final verificar de que forma a primeira fase da pena será dosada considerando a personalidade do agente independente das circunstâncias do crime.
Removal of Cr(VI) by modified diatomite supported NZVI from aqueous solution: evaluating the effects of removal factors by RSM and understanding the effects of pH
Authors: Zhang Yongxiang , Tian Zhenjun , Jing Qi , Chen Yuanyuan , Huang Xuezheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this study, a novel composite of modified diatomite supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (mD-NZVI) was synthesized and characterized. The effects of four factors (mD-NZVI dose, temperature, contact time and initial pH) on the removal of Cr(VI) by mD-NZVI were studied by experimental work and analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). A second-order polynomial equation fitted by Box-Behnken design was used as a statistical model and proved to be precise in describing the significance of four factors. The analysis results show that the effects of four factors on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) were significant (F value is 19.83), initial pH was found to be the key factor. In addition, the effect of initial pH was further studied and the maximum removal efficiency of 89.34% was obtained at pH of 3, the decrease in removal efficiency with the increase in pH is a synergistic effect of Cr(VI) species, surface charge of mD-NZVI and OH− amount at different pH.
OS FOODIES NA ARENA SOCIOLÓGICA
Authors: Azevedo Elaine de 
Published: August 2019

Esta pesquisa conceitual problematiza o conceito de ‘foodie’, neologismo cunhado pela crítica gastronômica Gael Greene e popularizado pelos jornalistas Ann Barr e Paul Levy em seu The Official Foodie Handbook publicado na década de 1990. O fenômeno é explorado com muito mais vigor através das lentes de jornalistas em colunas gastronômicas e ainda pouco discutido nas Ciências Sociais. O estudo revela o potencial sociológico dessa temática que transpassa categorias de análise como cultura alimentar, classe, gênero, consumo, estilo de vida, hedonismo e ética.
Palavras-chaves: Foodie. Alimento. Gastronomia. Estilo de vida.
Development of Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Micro Electrochemical Discharge Machining Tool
Authors: Li Xiaokun , Ren Yuankai , Wei Zhiyuan , Liu Yong 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The fabrication of microstructures with high machining quality is always difficult
when it is concerned with non-conductive hard and brittle materials such as glass and engineering
ceramics. It is reported in related papers and patents that Electrochemical Discharge Machining
(ECDM) process is a good choice for machining non-conductive, hard and brittle materials. However,
the machining performance of ECDM process, especially in the aspect of geometric accuracy and surface
quality, needs to be greatly improved.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to improve the machining quality of conventional ECDM
process by introducing ultrasonic vibration to ECDM process, develop an Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted
Micro Electrochemical Discharge Machining (UAECDM) tool, and investigate the improvements of
the machining performance by means of comparative experiments.

Methods:
Firstly, the machining principle of UAECDM was investigated, and the effects of ultrasonic
vibration are discussed with the analysis of the micro process. Secondly, the hardware system, which
consists of a machine tool body, XY and Z axes, an ultrasonic spindle system and motion control system,
was established; and the software system was developed based on the analysis of the overall
workflow of the machining process. Finally, comparative experiments, including ECDM drilling,
UAECDM drilling, ECDM milling and UAECDM milling, were carried out to reveal the improvements
of the machining quality.

Results:
In the UAECDM group, a micro-hole with the inlet diameter of 133.2µm as well as the 3 × 3
array of micro holes was fabricated on the glass workpiece with 300µm thickness, and a microgroove
with the width of 119.2µm was successfully milled on the glass workpiece. It is shown in both microscopic
photographs and optical measurements that the microstructures fabricated by UAECDM have
better machining quality compared with similar microstructures fabricated by ECDM.

Conclusion:
Based on comparative experiments and discussions of the results, it has been proved that
the machine tool can meet the requirement of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro electrochemical
discharge machining and can improve the geometric accuracy and surface quality significantly.
Development and Evaluation of a Virtual Research Environment to Improve Quality of Care in Overcrowded Emergency Departments: Observational Study
Authors: Houze-Cerfon Charles-Henri , Vaissié Christine , Gout Laurent , Bastiani Bruno , Charpentier Sandrine , Lauque Dominique 
Published: August 2019

Background
Despite a wide range of literature on emergency department (ED) overcrowding, scientific knowledge on emergency physicians’ cognitive processes coping with overcrowding is limited.

Objective
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a virtual research environment that will allow us to study the effect of physicians’ strategies and behaviors on quality of care in the context of ED overcrowding.

Methods
A simulation-based observational study was conducted over two stages: the development of a simulation model and its evaluation. A research environment in emergency medicine combining virtual reality and simulated patients was designed and developed. Afterwards, 12 emergency physicians took part in simulation scenarios and had to manage 13 patients during a 2-hour period. The study outcome was the authenticity of the environment through realism, consistency, and mastering. The realism was the resemblance perceived by the participants between virtual and real ED. The consistency of the scenario and the participants’ mastering of the environment was expected for 90% (12/13) of the participants.

Results
The virtual ED was considered realistic with no significant difference from the real world with respect to facilities and resources, except for the length of time of procedures that was perceived to be shorter. A total of 100% (13/13) of participants deemed that patient information, decision making, and managing patient flow were similar to real clinical practice. The virtual environment was well-mastered by all participants over the course of the scenarios.

Conclusions
The new simulation tool, Virtual Research Environment in Emergency Medicine, has been successfully designed and developed. It has been assessed as perfectly authentic by emergency physicians compared with real EDs and thus offers another way to study human factors, quality of care, and patient safety in the context of ED overcrowding.
Bolt attachments of composite materials under conditions of climatic ageing
Authors: Martynov Gleb V. , Morina Elena A. , Makarov Aleksey I. , Monastyreva Daria E. , Daurov Zaur S. , Tikhonov Roman S. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: the glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) is a composite material that found wide application in construction due to its unique properties. One of the techniques of joining composite units is a bolt attachment that is distinguished by its stability and manufacturability. Owing to relative novelty of the material, there is no comprehensive experimental database and it is impossible to define the corresponding reliability coefficients. The given problem can be solved by means of accelerated climatic tests, which will replace multi-year observation over the installations and will allow conducting precise calculations during design work right nowadays.
Materials and methods: the climatic tests were conducted over samples fabricated from polymeric structural pultrusion profile GFRP for construction purposes produced by Research-and-Production Enterprise ApATeCh (Moscow). The samples were fabricated from a single batch of U-channel 388 × 120 × 10/12 (SPPS-340). The test method consists in sequential cyclic exposure of artificially created system of climatic factors (elevated air temperature and humidity, negative temperature, temperature gradients) to the tested samples and determination of material property variations under the described impacts in the main indicators or the indicator responsible for workability of the material.
Results: the obtained data were processed and the strength-time variation dependences were presented in graphic form. Using approximating dependences, the strength reduction coefficients of the bolt attachment were calculated for 100-year thermomoist exposure.
Conclusions: any significant influence of ultraviolet exposure to strength of the bolt attachments was not revealed. 100-year thermomoist exposure will reduce the bolt attachment strength by not more than one third. One can recommend to introduce revisions in normative documents including reduction of reliability coefficient K2, allowing for GFRP maintenance ageing, from 1.2 to 1.13 in company standard “Road and construction structures from composite materials”.
Airway and Cephalometric Changes in Adult Orthodontic Patients After Premolar Extractions
Authors: Joy Adrienne , Park Joorok , Chambers David William , Oh Heesoo 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
To examine changes in the airway and cephalometric measurements associated with orthodontic treatment of adults with and without premolar extractions. The study investigated whether extractions had a direct or indirect effect on the airway and examined selected skeletal and dental features.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective study used pre- (T1) and posttreatment (T2) cone-beam computed tomography scans of 83 adult patients matched for age and sex. A total of 15 airway and 10 skeletal and dental measures were analyzed by means of repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results
There were no results showing that extractions affected airway dimensions that could not be accounted for as reflections of measurement error. There was no evidence that extractions affected the airway indirectly through skeletal and dental changes. There were strong and consistent findings that patients with small airways showed larger ones after treatment and that patients with large airways showed smaller ones later. These effects were independent of whether or not extractions were part of treatment. The measurement phenomena of regression toward the mean and of differential unfolding of natural changes over time could have accounted for the results observed.

Conclusions
There was no evidence that extractions in nongrowing patients have negative consequences on the size of various airway measures in the nasopharynx, retropalatal, or retroglossal regions.
Cognitions Associated With Hypoglycemia Awareness Status and Severe Hypoglycemia Experience in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Cook Amelia J. , DuBose Stephanie N. , Foster Nicole , Smith Emma L. , Wu Mengdi , Margiotta Georgina , Rickels Michael R. , Speight Jane , de Zoysa Nicole , Amiel Stephanie A. 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE
Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) and recurrent severe hypoglycemia (RSH) remain problematic for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), despite major therapeutic advances. We explored beliefs around hypo- and hyperglycemia in adults with T1D with, and without, IAH and RSH.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A cross-sectional U.S. multicenter survey included Attitudes to Awareness of Hypoglycemia (A2A; a 19-item questionnaire concerning beliefs about hypoglycemia), the Gold score (single item: awareness of hypoglycemia), and a question about severe hypoglycemia over the preceding year. The survey was emailed to 6,200 adult participants of the annual T1D Exchange clinic registry data collection. A2A data were subjected to principal component analysis with varimax rotation.

RESULTS
Among 1,978 respondents (response rate 32%), 61.7% were women, mean ± SD age was 39.6 ± 16.3 years, and T1D duration was 23.1 ± 13.8 years. Thirty-seven percent reported IAH, 16% RSH, and 9% both. A2A items segregated into three factors, differently distributed by hypoglycemia experience. Respondents with IAH or RSH expressed appropriate concern about hypoglycemia, but those with IAH were more likely to prioritize hyperglycemia concerns than those with intact awareness (P = 0.002). Those with RSH showed greater normalization of asymptomatic hypoglycemia than those without (P = 0.019) and trended toward prioritizing hyperglycemia concerns (P = 0.097), driven by those with both IAH and RSH.

CONCLUSIONS
Adults with T1D with IAH and RSH report specific cognitions about hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, which may act as barriers to hypoglycemia avoidance and recovery of awareness. These may be modifiable and present a target for enhancing engagement of vulnerable people with strategies to avoid future hypoglycemia.