bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Neural Circuit For Bergamot Essential Oil‐Induced Anxiolytic Effects
Authors: Zhu Meng‐Yu , Dong Wan‐Ying , Guo Jin‐Rong , Huang Ji‐Ye , Cheng Ping‐Kai , Yang Yumeng , Liu An , Yang Xin‐Lu , Zhu Xia , Zhang Zhi , Wang Yuanyin , Tao Wenjuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAromatic essential oils have been shown to relieve anxiety and enhance relaxation, although the neural circuits underlying these effects have remained unknown. Here, it is found that treatment with 1.0% bergamot essential oil (BEO) exerts anxiolytic‐like effects through a neural circuit projecting from the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in acute restraint stress model mice. Collectively, in vivo two‐photon calcium imaging, viral tracing, and whole‐cell patch clamp recordings show that inhalation exposure to 1.0% BEO can activate glutamatergic projections from the AON to GABAergic neurons in the ACC, which drives inhibition of local glutamatergic neurons (AONGlu→ACCGABA→Glu). Optogenetic or chemogenetic manipulation of this pathway can recapitulate or abolish the BEO‐induced anxiolytic‐like behavioral effects in mice with ARS. Beyond depicting a previously unrecognized pathway involved in stress response, this study provides a circuit mechanism for the effects of BEO and suggests a potential target for anxiety treatment.
Psychosocial factors associated with physical activity in people with dementia: A pilot cross‐sectional study
Authors: Farina Nicolas , Niazi Uzma , Mc Ardle Riona , Eronen Johanna , Lowry Ruth , Banerjee Sube 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo understand how psychosocial factors associated with physical activity differ based on disease severity in people with dementia, and how these factors are associated with physical activity participation.MethodsEighty‐seven people with dementia, alongside their family carer were asked to complete a series of questions related to physical activity participation, including barriers, motivators, and facilitators. Regression models were developed to understand how psychosocial factors were associated with physical activity participation in the cohort.ResultsIn the final models, only the absence of intrapersonal barriers was associated with overall physical activity and regular moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. Feelings of relatedness were associated with regular moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity only.ConclusionReducing intrapersonal barriers would appear to be a potentially useful strategy to promote physical activity in people with dementia. However, a tailored approach is needed depending on the desired physical activity outcome.
Helicobacter pylori prevalence and its spontaneous eradication rate after distal or proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Omori Takeshi , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Masuzawa Toru , Akamaru Yusuke , Motoori Masaaki , Saito Takuro , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Nishikawa Kazuhiro , Imamura Hiroshi , Takeno Atsushi , Kawabata Ryohei , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication is recommended in patients undergoing endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer to reduce recurrence. However, due to the possibility of spontaneous regression secondary to dynamic changes in the remnant stomach, the immediate eradication after gastrectomy for H. pylori carriers remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori in Japanese patients with gastric cancer and the spontaneous eradication rate after distal or proximal gastrectomy.MethodsThis multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted at 22 institutions. Eligibility criteria was patients over 20 years planned to undergo R0 gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The primary endpoint was spontaneous eradication rate 1 year after distal or proximal gastrectomy. The prevalence of H. pylori infection before surgery and clinical features related to spontaneous eradication were examined.ResultsA total of 1247 patients were included in this study. The preoperative H. pylori status was positive in 756 patients and negative in 491. Seventy‐nine of the negative patients had an eradication history, totaling 835 (67%) patients preoperatively infected with H. pylori. The infection status of 541 patients was examined 1 year postoperatively; 285 were negative, with a 52.7% spontaneous eradication rate. Spontaneous eradication was significantly higher in male and older patients (>70 years); other factors, such as histological type, gastrectomy method and adjuvant chemotherapy presence, did not affect the rate.ConclusionsAs spontaneous H. pylori eradication occurred in more than half of the analyzed patients, retesting for H. pylori. should be considered before postoperative eradication therapy (UMIN000020280).
Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Asymptomatic C9orf72 Mutation Carriers Distinguishes Phenoconverters to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis With Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: van Veenhuijzen Kevin , Tan Harold H.G. , Nitert Abram D. , van Es Michael A. , Veldink Jan H. , van den Berg Leonard H. , Westeneng Henk‐Jan 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveWe prospectively studied asymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers, identifying those developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD).MethodsWe enrolled 56 asymptomatic family members (AFM) with a C9orf72 mutation (AFM C9+), 132 non‐carriers (AFM C9−), and 359 population‐based controls. Using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging, we measured cortical thickness, gyrification, and subcortical volumes longitudinally. Linear mixed‐effects models on non‐converting AFM C9+ scans (n = 107) created a reference for these measurements, establishing individual atrophy patterns. Atrophy patterns from presymptomatic phenoconverters (n = 10 scans) served as a template for group comparisons and similarity assessments. Similarity with phenoconverters was quantified using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for cortical and Kullback–Leibler similarity (KLS) for subcortical measures. Using longitudinal similarity assessments, we predicted when participants would reach the average similarity level of phenoconverters at their first post‐onset scan.ResultsFive AFM C9+ converted to ALS or ALS‐FTD. Up to 6 years before symptoms, these phenoconverters exhibited significant atrophy in frontal, temporal, parietal, and cingulate cortex, along with smaller thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala compared to other AFM C9+. Some non‐converted AFM C9+ had high DSC and KLS, approaching values of phenoconverters, whereas others, along with AFM C9− and controls, had lower values. At age 80, we predicted 27.9% (95% confidence interval, 13.2–40.1%) of AFM C9+ and no AFM C9− would reach the same DSC as phenoconverters.InterpretationDistinctive atrophy patterns are visible years before symptom onset on presymptomatic scans of phenoconverters. Combining baseline and follow‐up similarity measures may serve as a promising imaging biomarker for identifying those at risk of ALS or ALS‐FTD. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:281–295
Combining Simple Deformations to Elicit Complex Motions and Directed Swimming of Smart Organic Crystals with Controllable Thickness
Authors: Zhu Xiaotong , Xie Mengyuan , Gao Lin , Li Liang , Naumov Panče , Yu Qi , Wang Guoming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe lack of control over the crystal growth in a systematic way currently stands as an unsurmountable impediment to the preparation of dynamic crystals as soft robots; in effect, the mechanical effects of molecular crystals have become a subject of scattered reports that pertain only to specific crystal sizes and actuation conditions, often without the ability to establish or confirm systematic trends. One of the factors that prevents the verification of such performance is the unavailability of strategies for effectively controlling crystal size and aspect ratio, where crystals of serendipitous size are harvested from crystallization solution. Here we devised a water‐assisted precipitation method to prepare crystals of chemical variants of 9‐anthracene derivatives with various thicknesses that respond to ultraviolet light with simple mechanical effects, including bending, splintering, and rotation. By capitalizing on the robust mechanical flexibility and deformability of crystals, we demonstrate systematic variations in crystal deformation that are further elevated in complexity to construct crystal‐based robots capable of controllable motions reminiscent of sailing and humanoid movements. The results illustrate an approach to eliminate one of the critical obstacles towards complete control over the motility of dynamic molecular crystals as microrobots in non‐aerial environments.
Asymmetric Carbene Insertion into Se−S Bonds by Synergistic Rh(II)/Guanidine Catalysis Involving Chalcogen‐Bond Assistance
Authors: He Xin , Fu Yihua , Xi Ruiying , Zhang Cefei , Lan Kexin , Su Zhishan , Wang Fei , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaohua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe efficient construction of chalcogen‐atom‐based chiral compounds remains a challenge, despite the importance of organoselenium and organosulfur compounds in life and materials science. Chalcogen atoms can form net attractive interactions called chalcogen bonds, but it is an undeveloped tool to assist asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we report an enantioselective insertion platform to install a stereogenic center bearing selenyl and thiocyano functional groups. Our method operates by synergistic catalysis by a chiral guanidine and an achiral dirhodium complex in a three‐component or four‐component reaction, through Se−S bond insertion into carbene species, competing successfully with the spontaneous racemic process and showing high regioselectivity. As elucidated by spectroscopic experiments and computational studies, a unique mechanism involving chalcogen as well as hydrogen bonding was established to account for the enantiocontrol. The high stereoselectivity holds for a broad array of selenylthiocyanatopropanoates, which showed excellent anti‐inflammatory toward IL‐1β and low cytotoxicity.
Integrated Ziegler–Natta/Brookhart‐Ni Catalysts for the Synthesis of Sutured Polar High‐Impact Polypropylenes
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Chao , Tan Chen , Chen Changle 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe direct synthesis of polar high‐impact polypropylenes using industrially‐preferred heterogeneous catalysts is challenging due to the poisoning of polar functional groups towards metal center and the high stereo‐selectivity requirement. In this work, dual‐site catalysts combining Ziegler–Natta and Brookhart‐Ni catalysts were used to produce polar polyolefin ionomers, followed by polar high‐impact polypropylenes containing isotactic polypropylene and branched polyethylene as toughening agents. Three combination modes between these catalysts were investigated, including mixed, core–shell, and integrated types. The integrated dual‐site catalyst achieved the optimal material properties because the polyolefin ionomer acted as a suture molecule that stitched different components into a whole network. This produced sutured polar high‐impact polypropylenes with excellent mechanical properties and compatibility with polar substances. The restraining effect of the suture molecules greatly reduced the release of microplastic particles after aging. Moreover, the obtained polar high‐impact polypropylene can serve as an efficient compatibilizer to recycle polyethylene/polypropylene mixed‐waste plastics. This work provides an appealing and potentially practical strategy to upgrade the widely used polypropylenes and to alleviate the ever‐growing plastic pollution issue.
Thermochromic insulation composites for prewarning of thermal faults in electrical equipment
Authors: Jiang Xianrui , Hu Tianyu , Yao Ke , Xiong Ruotong , Qu Jiashu , Liu Qichang , Niu Chaolu , Sun Potao , Sima Wenxia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThermal faults occur in the continuous operation of electrical equipment. This poses a threat to the stable operation of power systems. However, existing detection methods do not apply to large‐scale temperature measurement scenarios due to high cost and poor stability. To solve the above problems, a reversible thermochromic microcapsule is proposed in this work. Silicone rubber composite can be endowed with thermal sensing capability by doping an appropriate amount of thermochromic microcapsules inside the silicone rubber matrix. The test results showed that the color of the obtained thermochromic composites changed sensitively with the change in external temperature. The material undergoes a sudden color change at about 50°C achieving a reversible color change from blue to colorless. The color difference before and after the color change can be up to 37.24. In addition, the color difference shows an exponential decay trend with time. When the dopant concentration of the microcapsules is 1.5 wt%, the composite material shows excellent color‐changing performance, and the insulation strength is increased by 6.92% compared with the pure silicone rubber. Meanwhile, the water contact angle of the composite is 115.3°, which proves that it has good hydrophobicity. Notably, the thermochromic composite also showed excellent weathering properties in thermal aging experiments. The thermochromic microcapsule proposed in this work can realize the visualization of the local overheating state of the electrical equipment, which provides a new idea for the application of thermal fault prewarning of the electrical equipment.
A highly sensitive and stable MXene/bacterial cellulose double network hydrogel flexible strain sensor for human activities monitoring
Authors: Zhang Xuefeng , Sun Henghao , Zhang Jiayin , Wang Zhengdong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe limited strength and stability of conductive hydrogels greatly impede their practical applications in wearable devices. Therefore, a conductive double‐network hydrogel with high strength, high toughness, and high stability was prepared by one‐pot method in this paper. The rigid and flexible skeletons as well as the three‐dimensional dense honeycomb lattice network structure endow the hydrogel with good strength. The reversible cross‐linking synergistic effect between the rigid bacterial cellulose chains scaffolding uniformly dispersed Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets and the flexible acrylic acid chains doped with propylene glycol presents the hydrogel with excellent stability and elongation at break (862%). Consequently, a strain sensor based on the prepared hydrogel exhibits high sensitivity (GF = 1.28), rapid response (150 ms), and superior stability (over 2000 cycles) within a very wide strain range (5%–620%). Various strain signals generated by human activities are successfully detected by the presented strain sensor, which promises its broad applications in health monitoring.
Review of respiratory anatomy adaptations in whales
Authors: Reidenberg Joy S. , Laitman Jeffrey T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhales (cetaceans, including dolphins and porpoises) are superbly adapted to life in water, but retain vestiges of their terrestrial ancestry, particularly the need to breathe air. Their respiratory tract exhibits many differences from their closest relatives, the terrestrial artiodactyls (even toed ungulates). In this review, we describe the anatomy of cetacean respiratory adaptions. These include protective features (e.g., preventing water incursions during breathing or swallowing, mitigating effects of pressure changes during diving/ascent) and unique functions (e.g., underwater sound production, regulating gas exchange during the dive cycle).
Polymer Electrolytes with High Ionic Conductivities at Freezing Temperature for Aqueous Hybrid Batteries
Authors: Tian Zhongdong , Gao Yuan , Tian Peishu , Tian Silong , Shi Fengwei , Mei Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRechargeable and flexible aqueous batteries (ABs) have emerged as one of promising energy devices which is primarily due to the safety, environmental friendliness and economic efficiency. However, because of the freezing behavior of aqueous electrolytes, most ABs possess poor performance when the working temperature drops below zero. To solve this problem, a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with high ionic conductivity (IC) and frost‐resistance is designed for aqueous Zn−Li hybrid batteries by a biomass‐based polymers complex consisting of carboxyl modified sodium alginate (SA) and zwitterionic betaine (BA). Introducing iminodiacetic acid to enrich −COOH groups along the SA main chains could improve IC of the prepared GPEs to 41.27 and 20.96 mS cm−1 at 20 and −20 °C, respectively. At −20 °C, the discharge capacity of the resultant cell is two times higher than that of the liquid electrolyte‐based cell, and the cell presents a capacity retention of 91.6 % after 300 charge/discharge cycles at 1 C. This proposed strategy greatly improve the IC of GPEs at freezing temperature, which is expected to broaden the practical application of GPEs in wide range of temperature.
Predictors of Immediate Deterioration of the Child‐Pugh Classification From A to B After Transcatheter Arterial Chemo‐Embolization for Treatment‐Naive Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Asano Kazuo , Kageyama Ken , Yamamoto Akira , Jogo Atsushi , Nakano Mariko , Murai Kazuki , Yukawa‐Muto Yoshimi , Odagiri Naoshi , Kotani Kohei , Kozuka Ritsuzo , Kawamura Etsushi , Fujii Hideki , Uchida‐Kobayashi Sawako , Enomoto Masaru , Kawada Norifumi , Miki Yukio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictors of deterioration of the Child‐Pugh classification 1 month after transcatheter arterial chemo‐embolization (TACE) in patients with treatment‐naive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsBetween 2010 and 2020, consecutive patients who underwent conventional TACE using epirubicin as the initial treatment were enrolled. Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage‐0, A or B and Child‐Pugh class A were included. The Child‐Pugh score was evaluated before treatment and 1 month after TACE. The following variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses as predictors of deterioration of the Child‐Pugh class from A to B: age, sex, etiology, serum albumin, bilirubin, prothrombin time (PT), encephalopathy, ascites, largest tumor diameter, tumor number, tumor location, α‐fetoprotein, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist‐II, epirubicin dosage, ethiodized oil dosage, and number of treated liver segments.ResultsA total of 152 patients were retrospectively enrolled. The deterioration rate of the Child‐Pugh class from A to B was 8.6%. Multivariable analysis showed that serum albumin ≤ 3.8 g/dL, PT ≤ 80%, and largest tumor diameter ≥ 3.8 cm were predictors of deterioration of the Child‐Pugh class. The deterioration rate to Child‐Pugh class B was 0% in patients with up to one of these factors, 14.3% in those with two factors, and 70% in those with three factors.ConclusionsA combination of serum albumin ≤ 3.8 g/dL, PT ≤ 80%, and largest tumor diameter ≥ 3.8 cm can predict the immediate deterioration of the Child‐Pugh classification from A to B following TACE.
xCT as a Predictor for Survival in a Population‐Based Cohort of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nissi Linda , Tuominen Sanni , Routila Johannes , Huusko Teemu , Ketonen Petra , Sundvall Maria , Leivo Ilmo , Irjala Heikki , Minn Heikki , Grönroos Tove J. , Ventelä Sami 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundxCT, also known as SLC7A11 (solute carrier Family 7 Member 11), is a cystine/glutamate antiporter protein that mediates regulated cell death and antioxidant defense. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of xCT on the outcome of patients diagnosed with new head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study utilized a population‐based dataset, comprising all patients (n = 1033) diagnosed with new HNSCC during 2005–2015 in a population of 697,000 people. All patients (n = 585) with a tumor tissue sample available for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were included. The follow‐up rates were 97% and 81% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Also, the specificity of the anti‐xCT antibody was validated.ResultsThe expression level and prognostic significance of xCT were strongly dependent on tumor location. In oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients, xCT expression was a significant prognostic factor for 5‐year overall survival (OAS) (HR: 2.71; 95% CI 1.67–4.39; p < 0.001), disease‐specific survival (DSS) (HR: 2.58; 95% CI 1.47–4.54; p = 0.001), and disease‐free survival (DFS) (HR: 2.69; 95% CI 1.55–4.64; p < 0.001). Five‐year survival rates for OPSCC patients with high and low levels of xCT were OAS 34% versus 62%; DSS 51% versus 73%; DFS 43% versus 73%, respectively. According to a multivariate model adjusted for age, T‐class, nodal positivity, and tobacco consumption, xCT was an independent prognostic factor for 3‐year survival, in which it outperformed p16 IHC. Similar associations were not observed in squamous cell carcinomas of oral cavity or larynx. Regarding treatment modalities, xCT was most predictive in HNSCC patients who received radiotherapy.ConclusionsHigh xCT expression was associated with poor prognosis in OPSCC. Our findings suggest that joint analysis of xCT and p16 may add significant value in OPSCC treatment stratification.
Mature mediastinal teratoma with adhesions to the pericardium: A rare case report
Authors: Mansour Somar , Badr Ali , Mansour Majd , Badr Mouhamad , Afif Ali , Rajab Samer , Alshehabi Zuheir 
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical MessageMature mediastinal teratoma (MMT) is a benign tumor that is composed of well‐differentiated tissues from all three germ cell layers. Malignant tumors have a distinct feature of adhering to the surrounding organs. Therefore, adhesion of MMT to the adjacent tissues, as a benign tumor, is rare and considered a surgical challenge. It leads to incomplete tumor resection to avoid damage to the surrounding tissues.AbstractMMT is a germ cell tumor that contains well‐differentiated tissues from ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal germ cell layers. MMT comprises approximately 3%–12% of mediastinal tumors in adults and 60%–70% of mediastinal germ cell tumors. Complete surgical resection is the standard treatment. When adhesion to the surrounding tissues is present, residual tissues could be retained to reduce the injury of the peripheral blood vessels and nerves. We are reporting a rare case of MMT with adhesions to the pericardium and discussing the diagnostic and surgical challenges.