bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutually Exclusive p‐Type and n‐Type Hybrid Electrode of MoS2 and Graphene for Artificial Soft Touch Fingers
Authors: Manzoor Muhammad Taha , Nguyen Van Hiep , Umrao Sima , Kim Jae‐Hwan , Tabassian Rassoul , Kim Ji‐Eun , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFuture smart mobile electronics and wearable robotics that can perform delicate activities controlled by artificial intelligence can require rapid motion actuators working at low voltages with acceptable safety and improved energy efficiency. Accordingly, ionic soft actuators can have great potential over other counterparts because they exhibit gentle movements at low voltages, less than 2 V. However, these actuators currently show deficient performances at sub‐1 V voltages in the high‐frequency range because of the lack of electrode materials with the vital antagonistic properties of high capacitance and good conductivity. Herein, a mutually exclusive nanohybrid electrode (pMoS2‐nSNrGO) is reported consisting of oxide‐doped p‐type molybdenum‐disulfide and sulfur‐nitrogen‐codoped n‐type reduced‐graphene‐oxide. The pMoS2‐nSNrGO electrode derives high capacitance from MoS2 and good charge transfer between the two components from p‐n nano‐junctions, resulting in excellent actuation performances (670% improvement compared with rGO electrode at 0.5 V and 1 Hz, together with fast responses up to 15 Hz). With such excellent performances, these actuators can be successfully applied to realize an artificial soft robotic finger system for delicately touching the fragile surfaces of smartphones and tablets. The mutually exclusive pMoS2‐nSNrGO electrode can open a new way to develop high‐performance soft actuators for soft robotic applications in the future.
Quasifractal Networks as Current Collectors for Transparent Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Shiqian , Shi Bibo , He Weidong , Wu Xiayan , Zhang Xian , Zhu Yanbo , He Shan , Peng Haihui , Jiang Yue , Gao Xingsen , Fan Zhen , Zhou Guofu , Liu Jun‐Ming , Kempa Krzysztof , Gao Jinwei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA high performance, transparent, and simultaneously mechanically flexible supercapacitor, with electrodes based on a bio‐inspired, quasifractal metallic network is demonstrated. Excellent performance parameters, such as the specific capacitance of 5.6 mF cm−2 (at 45% transparency), great long‐term electrochemical and mechanical stability under stress, and low cost, make this one of the best reported, and most promising candidates for applications in the wearable, transparent integrated electronics.
Advances in the Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sensing
Authors: Gloag Lucy , Mehdipour Milad , Chen Dongfei , Tilley Richard D. , Gooding J. Justin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of high significance in sensing as they provide viable solutions to the enduring challenges related to lower detection limits and nonspecific effects. The rapid expansion in the applications of MNPs creates a need to overview the current state of the field of MNPs for sensing applications. In this review, the trends and concepts in the literature are critically appraised in terms of the opportunities and limitations of MNPs used for the most advanced sensing applications. The latest progress in MNP sensor technologies is overviewed with a focus on MNP structures and properties, as well as the strategies of incorporating these MNPs into devices. By looking at recent synthetic advancements, and the key challenges that face nanoparticle‐based sensors, this review aims to outline how to design, synthesize, and use MNPs to make the most effective and sensitive sensors.
Tangential Flow Microfluidics for the Capture and Release of Nanoparticles and Extracellular Vesicles on Conventional and Ultrathin Membranes
Authors: Dehghani Mehdi , Lucas Kilean , Flax Jonathan , McGrath James , Gaborski Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMembranes have been used extensively for the purification and separation of biological species. A persistent challenge is the purification of species from concentrated feed solutions such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) from biological fluids. Investigated is a new method to isolate micro‐ and nanoscale species termed tangential flow for analyte capture (TFAC), which is an extension of traditional tangential flow filtration. Initially, EV purification from plasma on ultrathin nanomembranes is compared between both normal flow filtration (NFF) and TFAC. NFF results in rapid formation of a protein cake which completely obscures any captured EVs and also prevents further transport across the membrane. On the other hand, TFAC shows capture of CD63 positive small EVs with minimal contamination. The use of TFAC to capture target species over membrane pores, wash, and then release in a physical process that does not rely upon affinity or chemical interactions is explored. This process is studied with model particles on both ultrathin and conventional thickness membranes. Successful capture and release of model particles is observed using both membranes. Ultrathin nanomembranes show higher efficiency of capture and release with significantly lower pressures indicating that ultrathin nanomembranes are well‐suited for TFAC of delicate nanoscale particles such as EVs.
Defining Deep‐Subwavelength‐Resolution, Wide‐Color‐Gamut, and Large‐Viewing‐Angle Flexible Subtractive Colors with an Ultrathin Asymmetric Fabry–Perot Lossy Cavity
Authors: Zhao Jiancun , Qiu Meng , Yu Xiaochang , Yang Xiaoming , Jin Wei , Lei Dangyuan , Yu Yiting 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAchieving structural colors with wide color gamut, large viewing angle, and high resolution remains practically challenging. Here, proposed is an asymmetric Fabry–Perot (F–P) lossy cavity to realize subtractive colors, simultaneously featuring wide gamut, angle insensitivity, high resolution, and good flexibility. The experimental results demonstrate that the realized structural colors are insensitive to the viewing angle up to ±60°, arising from the negligible light propagation phase shift in the ultrathin lossy cavity made of an amorphous silicon (a‐Si) layer; they also exhibit a wide color gamut covering the whole cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY) color system, simply achieved through changing the thicknesses of the top metal layer and the middle lossy a‐Si layer. The ultrathin configuration enables printing such colors at a deep‐subwavelength resolution, and the ease of experimental fabrication enables their implementation on soft substrates. Accordingly, a 2D sketched image is printed using this cavity at a resolution of 150 000 dots per inch (dpi) in the geometrical space, corresponding to a minimum color pixel of 160 nm, well beyond the diffraction limit; a flexible structural color membrane with wide color gamut and large viewing angle is well adhered on an airplane model with a complex surface profile.
Spectrally Tunable and Stable Electroluminescence Enabled by Rubidium Doping of CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals
Authors: Todorović Petar , Ma Dongxin , Chen Bin , Quintero‐Bermudez Rafael , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Dong Yitong , Lu Zheng‐Hong , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPerovskite nanocrystals exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and tunable bandgaps from ultraviolet to infrared. However, blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) suffer from color instability under applied bias. Developing narrow‐bandwidth deep‐blue emitters will maximize the color gamut of display technologies. Mixed anion approaches suffer from halide segregation that leads to their spectral instability. Here instead, a mixed cation strategy is employed whereby Rb+ is directly incorporated during synthesis into CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. Blue‐emitting perovskite quantum dots (QDs) with stable photoluminescence, PLQYs greater than 60%, tunable emission from 460 to 500 nm, and narrow emission linewidths (<25 nm) are reported. The strategy retains a pure bromine crystal structure resulting in color‐pure stable electroluminescence at operating voltages of up to 10 V, peak external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 0.87% and 0.11% for sky‐blue (490 nm), and deep‐blue (464 nm) devices. The sky‐blue devices exhibit the highest combined luminance of 93 cd m−2 at an EQE of 0.75%, the best reported to date of perovskite QD LEDs.
Photo‐Organocatalytic Enantioselective Radical Cascade Enabled by Single‐Electron Transfer Activation of Allenes
Authors: Perego Luca Alessandro , Bonilla Pablo , Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAllenes are commonly used in metal‐mediated transformations, cycloaddition reactions, and radical processes. However, their activation by single‐electron transfer (SET) is largely underexplored. Herein, we report a visible light‐driven enantioselective organocatalytic process that uses the excited‐state reactivity of chiral iminium ions to activate allenes by SET oxidation. The ensuing allene cation radicals participate in stereocontrolled cascade reactions to deliver chiral bicyclic scaffolds with good enantioselectivity and exquisite diastereoselectivity. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations support a mechanism that combines the peculiar chemistry of allene radical cations with polar reactivity.magnified image
Efficacy of steroid‐eluting stents in management of chronic rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery: updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Goshtasbi Khodayar , Abouzari Mehdi , Abiri Arash , Yasaka Tyler , Sahyouni Ronald , Bitner Benjamin , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundRecently, there has been mounting evidence suggesting the efficacy of steroid‐eluting stents (SES) for management of chronic rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). This meta‐analysis serves to evaluate the efficacy of SES in improving postoperative outcomes after ESS.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed of PubMed for articles published between 1985 and 2018. The outcome variables were reported at, on average, 30 days postintervention.ResultsSeven of the 76 published studies, all of which were industry‐sponsored, were included for a collective cohort of 444 SES and 444 control sinuses. In patients who received SES vs controls, collective odds ratios (ORs) for postoperative need for intervention, surgery, and oral steroid were 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33‐0.62; p < 0.001), 0.30 (95% CI, 0.18‐0.52; p < 0.001), and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.40‐0.84; p = 0.004), respectively. In addition, collective ORs for frontal sinus ostia (FSO) patency, moderate‐to‐severe adhesion/scarring, and increase in polyp score were 2.53 (95% CI, 1.61‐3.97; p < 0.001), 0.28 (95% CI, 0.13‐0.59; p < 0.001), and 0.42 (95% CI, 0.25‐0.74; p = 0.002), respectively. Collective mean differences for FSO/ethmoid inflammation and FSO diameter were −10.86 mm (p < 0.001) and +1.34 mm (p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionAggregate evidence suggests that SES can improve ESS outcomes by reducing rates of postoperative intervention and recurrent polyposis and inflammation, while promoting FSO patency. All included and analyzed studies were industry‐sponsored and ruling‐out publication bias was not possible. Future independent and nonsponsored studies to further evaluate SES's long‐term efficacy are warranted.
Self‐Imaging Effect Based on Circular Airy Beams
Authors: Zhan Kaiyun , Wang Jing , Jiao Ruiyun , Yang Zhendong , Liu Bing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe self‐imaging effect for a superposition of the fundamental circular Airy beams with successively changing radial displacements is investigated. In free space, this self‐imaging along a parabolic trajectory can persist before the focal point. In the linear index potentials with a gradient, the propagation trajectory of circular Airy–Talbot effect can follow some predefined trajectories determined by engineering the index gradient, and the self‐imaging extent can expand provided that each truncated constituent circular Airy beam maintains its form and continues to accelerate before dispersing strongly.
In‐Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene
Authors: Thevenon Arnaud , Rosas‐Hernández Alonso , Peters Jonas C. , Agapie Theodor 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBridging homogeneous molecular systems with heterogeneous catalysts is a promising approach for the development of new electrodes, combining the advantages of both approaches. In the context of CO2 electroreduction, molecular enhancement of planar copper electrodes has enabled promising advancement towards high Faradaic efficiencies for multicarbon products. Besides, nanostructured copper electrodes have also demonstrated enhanced performance at comparatively low overpotentials. Herein, we report a novel and convenient method for nanostructuring copper electrodes using N,N′‐ethylene‐phenanthrolinium dibromide as molecular additive. Selectivities up to 70 % for C≥2 products are observed for more than 40 h without significant change in the surface morphology. Mechanistic studies reveal several roles for the organic additive, including: the formation of cube‐like nanostructures by corrosion of the copper surface, the stabilization of these nanostructures during electrocatalysis by formation of a protective organic layer, and the promotion of C≥2 products.
Measurement of Angstrom to Nanometer Molecular Distances with 19F Nuclear Spins by EPR/ENDOR Spectroscopy
Authors: Meyer Andreas , Dechert Sebastian , Dey Surjendu , Höbartner Claudia , Bennati Marina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpectroscopic and biophysical methods for structural determination at atomic resolution are fundamental in studies of biological function. Here we introduce an approach to measure molecular distances in bio‐macromolecules using 19F nuclear spins and nitroxide radicals in combination with high‐frequency (94 GHz/3.4 T) electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR). The small size and large gyromagnetic ratio of the 19F label enables to access distances up to about 1.5 nm with an accuracy of 0.1–1 Å. The experiment is not limited by the size of the bio‐macromolecule. Performance is illustrated on synthesized fluorinated model compounds as well as spin‐labelled RNA duplexes. The results demonstrate that our simple but strategic spin‐labelling procedure combined with state‐of‐the‐art spectroscopy accesses a distance range crucial to elucidate active sites of nucleic acids or proteins in the solution state.
LiMII(IO3)3 (MII=Zn and Cd): Two Promising Nonlinear Optical Crystals Derived from a Tunable Structure Model of α‐LiIO3
Authors: Jia Ying‐Jie , Chen Yi‐Gang , Guo Yao , Guan Xiao‐Fang , Li Chengbo , Li Bingxuan , Liu Min‐Min , Zhang Xian‐Ming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExcellent nonlinear optical materials simultaneously meet the requirements of large SHG response, phase‐matching capability, wide transparency windows, considerable energy band‐gap, good thermal stability and structure stability. Herein, two new promising nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals LiMII(IO3)3 (MII=Zn and Cd) are rationally designed by the aliovalent substitution strategy from the commercialized α‐LiIO3 with the perfect parallel alignment of IO3 groups. Compared with parent α‐LiIO3 and related AI2MIV(IO3)6, the title compounds exhibit more stable covalent 3D structure, and overcome the racemic twinning problem of AI2MIV(IO3)6. More importantly, both compounds inherit NLO‐favorable structure merits of α‐LiIO3 and show larger SHG response (≈14× and ≈12×KDP), shorter absorption edge (294 and 297 nm) with wider energy band‐gap (4.21 and 4.18 eV), good thermal stability (460 and 430 °C), phase‐matching behaviors, wider optical transparency window and good structure stability, achieving an excellent balance of NLO properties.
A Divergent Synthetic Route to the Vallesamidine and Schizozygine Alkaloids: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Vallesamidine and (+)‐14,15‐Dehydrostrempeliopine
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Anderson James C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe total synthesis of representative members of the schizozygine alkaloids, (+)‐vallesamidine and (+)‐14,15‐dehydrostrempeliopine, were completed from a late‐stage divergent intermediate. The synthesis took advantage of efficient nitro‐group reactions with the A/B/C ring skeleton constructed concisely on a gram scale through an asymmetric Michael addition, nitro‐Mannich/lactamisation, Tsuji–Trost allylation, and intramolecular C−N coupling reaction. Other key features of the synthesis are a novel [1,4] hydride transfer/Mannich‐type cyclisation to build ring E and a diastereoselective ring‐closing metathesis reaction to construct ring D. This approach gave access to a late‐stage C14,C15 alkene divergent intermediate that could be simply transformed into (+)‐vallesamidine, (+)‐14,15‐dehydrostrempeliopine, and potentially other schizozygine alkaloids and unnatural derivatives.
The Role of Dimethylammonium Iodide in CsPbI3 Perovskite Fabrication: Additive or Dopant?
Authors: Wang Yong , Liu Xiaomin , Zhang Taiyang , Wang Xingtao , Kan Miao , Shi Jielin , Zhao Yixin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe controllable growth of CsPbI3 perovskite thin films with desired crystal phase and morphology is crucial for the development of high efficiency inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The role of dimethylammonium iodide (DMAI) used in CsPbI3 perovskite fabrication was carefully investigated. We demonstrated that the DMAI is an effective volatile additive to manipulate the crystallization process of CsPbI3 inorganic perovskite films with different crystal phases and morphologies. The thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that the sublimation of DMAI is sensitive to moisture, and a proper atmosphere is helpful for the DMAI removal. The time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance results confirmed that the DMAI additive would not alloy into the crystal lattice of CsPbI3 perovskite. Moreover, the DMAI residues in CsPbI3 perovskite can deteriorate the photovoltaic performance and stability. Finally, the PSCs based on phenyltrimethylammonium chloride passivated CsPbI3 inorganic perovskite achieved a record champion efficiency up to 19.03 %.
Genetic control of Plutella xylostella in omics era
Authors: Chen Wei , Yang Feiying , Xu Xuejiao , Kumar Uttam , He Weiyi , You Minsheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDiamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a specialist pest on cruciferous crops of economic importance. The large‐scale use of chemical insecticides for the control of this insect pest has caused a number of challenges to agro‐ecosystems. With the advent of the omics era, genetic pest management strategies are becoming increasingly feasible and show a powerful potential for pest control. Here, we review strategies for using transgenic plants and sterile insect techniques for genetic pest management and introduce the major advances in the control of P. xylostella using a female‐specific RIDL (release of insects carrying a dominant lethal gene) strategy. Further, the advantages of gene drive developed in combination with sex determination and CRISPR/Cas9 systems are addressed, and the corresponding prospects and implementation issues are discussed. It is predictable that under the policy and regulation of professional committees, the genetic pest control strategy, especially for gene drive, will open a new avenue to sustainable pest management not only for P. xylostella but also for other insect pests.
tert‐Butyl Nitrite (TBN), a Multitasking Reagent in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Dahiya Anjali , Sahoo Ashish Kumar , Alam Tipu , Patel Bhisma K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe upsurge interest in the development of efficient methodologies for the construction of nitrogen‐containing frameworks via the use of expedient reagents have been creating a renaissance in contemporary organic chemistry. In this perspective, tertbutyl nitrite (TBN) is an emerging building block. Due to its unique structural features, it shows differential reactivity under different reaction conditions. These diverse reactivities have resulted in the construction of a diverse array of complex N‐containing molecules. The primary objective of the present review is to bring the latest findings of TBN in terms of its applications in reactions (oxidation, diazotization, nitrosation, nitration, oximation, N‐synthon, and miscellaneous reactions) into the limelight. For simplicity and brevity, reactions in each section are explained with the mechanism of formation and selected examples are given.
Engineering microalgae through chloroplast transformation to produce high‐value industrial products
Authors: Siddiqui Ayesha , Wei Zhengyi , Boehm Marko , Ahmad Niaz 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe last few years have seen an ever‐increasing interest in the exploitation of microalgae as an alternative platform to produce high‐value products such as biofuels, industrial enzymes, therapeutic proteins, including antibodies, hormones, and vaccines. Due to some unique attractive features, engineering of the chloroplast genome provides a promising platform for the production of high‐value targets because it allows manipulation of metabolic processes in ways that would be impossible, or at least prohibitively difficult through traditional approaches. Since its initial demonstration in 1988 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, genetic tools have been developed, which have made it possible to produce high‐value molecules in different species. However, the commercial application of microalgae as production platform is hindered by many factors like poor biomass, low product yields, and costly downstream processing methodologies. In this review, we discuss the potential of microalgae to use as an alternative production platform for high‐value targets using chloroplast transformation technology.
Development of a High‐Pressure Reactor Based on Liquid‐Flow Pressurisation to Facilitate Enzymatic Hydroxylation of Gaseous Alkanes
Authors: Ariyasu Shinya , Kodama Yusaku , Kasai Chie , Cong Zhiqi , Stanfield Joshua Kyle , Aiba Yuichiro , Watanabe Yoshihito , Shoji Osami 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 19/2019 is provided by Shoji and co‐workers at Nagoya University (Japan). The image shows the concept of their novel high‐pressure reactor which compresses gaseous alkanes by pumping liquid forcibly (the person wearing a T‐shirt) into the reaction vessel without an exit (the trunk), and pressurizes up to 10 MPa. See the Communication itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201901323.
Laccase‐mediated Oxidations of Propargylic Alcohols. Application in the Deracemization of 1‐arylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols in Combination with Alcohol Dehydrogenases
Authors: González‐Granda Sergio , Méndez‐Sánchez Daniel , Lavandera Iván , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe catalytic system composed by the laccase from Trametes versicolor and the oxy‐radical TEMPO has been successfully applied in the sustainable oxidation of fourteen propargylic alcohols. The corresponding propargylic ketones were obtained in most cases in quantitative conversions (87–>99 % yield), demonstrating the efficiency of the chemoenzymatic methodology in comparison with traditional chemical oxidants, which usually lead to problems associated with the formation of by‐products. Also, the stereoselective reduction of propargylic ketones was studied using alcohol dehydrogenases such as the one from Ralstonia species overexpressed in E. coli or the commercially available evo‐1.1.200, allowing the access to both alcohol enantiomers mostly with complete conversions and variable selectivities depending on the aromatic pattern substitution (97–>99 % ee). To demonstrate the compatibility of the laccase‐mediated oxidation and the alcohol dehydrogenase‐catalyzed bioreduction, a deracemization strategy starting from the racemic compounds was developed through a sequential one‐pot two‐step process, obtaining a selection of (S)‐ or (R)‐1‐arylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols with excellent yields (>98 %) and selectivities (>98 % ee) depending on the alcohol dehydrogenase employed.