bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modeling approach to gauging the effects of nicotine vaping product use on cessation from cigarettes: what do we know, what do we need to know?
Authors: Levy David T. , Yuan Zhe , Li Yameng , Alberg Anthony J. , Cummings K. Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsThe long‐term population health impact of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) use among smokers is unknown, and subject to a range of plausible assumptions about the use and health consequences of NVPs. While NVPs use may substitute for cigarette smoking and thereby aid in quitting cigarette use, it is also possible that smokers who would have otherwise quit would instead delay quitting cigarettes. We aimed to develop a cohort‐specific simulation model of the impact of NVPs on smoking cessation by adult smokers and resulting premature deaths (PD) and life years lost (LYL).DesignA cohort‐specific simulation model of the impact of NVPs on smoking cessation by adult smokers and resulting premature deaths (PD) and life years lost (LYL) was developed by gender for two birth cohorts, aged 30 and 50 years in 2012. Extensive sensitivity analyses were conducted.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsSmokers in two birth cohorts, aged 30 and 50 years in 2012.MeasurementsData were from the 1965–2012 National Health Interview Surveys and the 2014/15 Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey. The model incorporated a range of plausible assumptions from published literature about transition rates from regular smoking to exclusive NVP and dual use, from dual use to exclusive NVP use and from exclusive NVP use to no use.FindingsCompared with the no‐NVP scenario, the male (female) model projected 17.8% (19.3%) fewer PDs and 22.9% (26.6%) fewer LYL for the 1982 cohort and 5.4% (7.3%) fewer PDs and 7.9% (11.4%) fewer LYL for the 1962 cohort. These gains were sensitive to NVP use over time, age of initial NVP use, transitions from smoking to dual, exclusive NVP and no use and relative NVP mortality risks.ConclusionsNicotine vaping product (NVP) use in the United States is projected to have a net positive impact on population health over a wide range of plausible levels of NVP use, transitions to dual, exclusive NVP and no use and NVP risks. However, net impact is sensitive to parameter estimates.
Neo‐Marxian social class inequalities in oral health among the South Korean population
Authors: Novrinda Herry , Han Dong‐Hun , Jung‐Choi Kyunghee , Ryu Jae‐In 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to examine inequalities in periodontitis and tooth loss among South Korean adults using the Wright's Neo‐Marxian social class (NMSC) indicator and to assess the impact of material, psychosocial, health behavioural and workplace environmental factors in the association of social class with oral health.MethodsThis study used the data from the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with 6710 participants aged 19‐54 years old. Participants were classified into 12 social class positions based on the Wright's social class map. Healthy gum and absence of tooth loss were the health outcomes. Mediating factors were material (M), psychosocial (PS), health behavioural (HB) and workplace environmental (WPE) factors. A series of logistic regressions were performed to analyse the data. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to report the results.ResultsFor the absence of periodontal pockets status, expert supervisors were the healthiest periodontal group among the social classes (OR = 2.15 95% CI 1.59‐2.90) in the age and gender adjusted model. For the absence of tooth loss, skilled workers had the highest OR for absence of tooth loss (OR = 1.64 95% CI 1.31‐2.05) in the age‐ and gender‐adjusted model. For absence of periodontal pockets, the explanatory power of the M factor was the highest in all social class positions except for nonskilled supervisors followed by the HB factor. Additionally, the absence of tooth loss had a fairly similar pattern. The explanatory power of the M factor was the highest in all social class positions except for the petty bourgeoisie (highest: HB) and nonskilled supervisors (highest: WPE) followed by the HB and WPE factors.ConclusionThere were nongradient oral health inequalities among the South Korean population according to the NMSC. Oral health promotion programmes that focus on changing the socioeconomic environment and health behaviours should be implemented.
Clinical indices and local levels of inflammatory biomarkers in per‐implant health of obese and nonobese individuals
Authors: Alasqah Mohammed N. , Al‐Shibani Nouf , Al‐Aali Khulud Abdulrahman , Qutub Osama A. , Abduljabbar Tariq , Akram Zohaib 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundObesity seem to regulate peri‐implant health. It is proposed that peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 are higher in obese as compared to nonobese individuals.ObjectiveThe purpose of the present clinico‐laboratory study is to estimate and compare the clinical and radiographic indices and PICF levels of IL‐1β and IL‐6 among obese and nonobese patients.Materials and MethodsFifty patients were divided into two groups (25 obese with ≥27.5 kg/m2 and 25 nonobese with <27.5 kg/m2 individuals). Clinical indices for both periodontal and peri‐implant evaluating plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and crestal bone loss (CBL) were recorded around teeth and implants. PICF was collected and assessed for the levels of IL‐1β and IL‐6 using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsA significant difference was observed in PI and BOP around natural teeth and implants in obese patients, respectively (P < .05). CBL was found to be significantly higher among obese as compared to nonobese patients (P = .022). Peri‐implant and periodontal PD was higher in obese as compared to nonobese but did not reach statistical significance. Levels of IL‐1β and IL‐6 were statistically significantly higher among obese patients as compared to nonobese (P = .001). Pearson correlation analysis showed IL‐1β was positively correlated with CBL (P = .0079), whereas IL‐6 showed positive correlation with both BOP (P = .0019) and CBL (P = .015) among obese patients.ConclusionsClinical peri‐implant parameters were worse and proinflammatory biomarkers were significantly higher in obese patients compared with nonobese subjects. The findings of the present study suggests that increased proinflammatory biomarkers in PICF of obese patients may modulate peri‐implant inflammation around dental implants.
Interatrial septal fat thickness and left atrial stiffness are mechanistic links between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and incident atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mahfouz Ragab A. , Gouda Mohammad , Galal Islam , Ghareb Mohamed S. 
Published: December 2018

Background and AimRecently, a clear evidence suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Yet, the underlying pathogenesis is speculative. Thereby, we aimed to investigate the hypothesis that, interatrial thickness (IAST) and left atrial stiffness (LASt) might have mechanistic links between NAFLD and AF.MethodsEchocardiography and speckle‐tracking assessment of left atrial function, transient elastography (TE) of the liver, basal ECG, and Holter monitoring were performed in 180 patients with (NAFLD) and 80 subjects without NAFLD.ResultsPatients with NAFLD had higher values of IAST (P < 0.001), LASt (<0.001), and E/e′ ratio (<0.003) compared with controls. IAST was correlated with LASt (r = 0.413; P < 0.001). 15.6% of patients with NAFLD had AF. More so, patients with increased IAST/LASt had a higher incidence of AF (25%) vs 3.8% in those with normal IAST/LASt. The LASt and IAST increased significantly in those with AF compared with those without (P < 0.001). Patients who experienced AF had higher values (P < 0.01) of TE (kPa). The degree of liver stiffness TE (kPa) was correlated with both IAST and LASt (r = 461, r = 0.535; P < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate regression analysis showed that LASt and IAST were independent predictors of incident AF in subjects with NAFLD.ConclusionsOur data suggest that increased IAST and LASt index are independently associated with incident atrial fibrillation in patients with NAFLD. Increased IAST and LASt index might provide mechanistic links between NAFLD and incident atrial fibrillation.
Agglomeration externalities and productivity growth: US cities, 1880–1930
Authors: Klein Alexander , Crafts Nicholas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigate the role of industrial structure in labour productivity growth in manufacturing in US cities during the ‘second industrial revolution’. We find that initially greater specialization was associated with faster subsequent productivity growth but that only the very high levels of diversity which obtained in some very large cities had a positive correlation. We interpret our results as demonstrating the existence of dynamic Marshallian externalities. The impact of industrial specialization in our sample of US cities after 1890 is found to have raised the level of labour productivity in manufacturing by about 4 per cent by 1920.
Does institutional ownership predict mutual fund performance? An examination of undiscovered holdings within 13(f) reports
Authors: Pan Xuhui (Nick) , Wang Kainan , Zykaj Blerina Bela 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe show that institutional ownership in equity mutual funds predicts fund performance. Our measure of institutional ownership in mutual funds is directly from institutions’ quarterly 13(f) filings so it provides a broader coverage of institutional investment in mutual funds than existing studies. Most institutions holding mutual funds are independent investment advisors and bank trusts who invest in mutual funds on behalf of their clients. Our results show that funds held by institutions perform better than funds not held by institutions for at least 3 years. Institutions’ informational advantage is the main driver of the outperformance of institution‐held funds.
Mineralized microbialites as archives of environmental evolution, Laguna Negra, Catamarca Province, Argentina
Authors: Buongiorno Joy , Gomez Fernando J. , Fike David A. , Kah Linda C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEnvironmental fluctuations are recorded in a variety of sedimentary archives of lacustrine depositional systems. Geochemical signals recovered from bottom sediments in closed‐basin lakes are among the most sensitive paleoenvironmental indicators and are commonly used in reconstructing lake evolution. Microbialites (i.e., organosedimentary deposits accreted through microbial trapping and binding of detrital sediment or in situ mineral precipitation on organics [Palaios, 2, 1987, 241]), however, have been largely overlooked as paleoenvironmental repositories. Here, we investigate concentrically laminated mineralized microbialites from Laguna Negra, a high‐altitude (4,100 m above sea level) hypersaline, closed‐basin lake in northwestern Argentina, and explore the potential for recovery of environmental signals from these unique sedimentary archives. Spatial heterogeneity in hydrological regime helps define zones inside Laguna Negra, each with their own morphologically distinct microbialite type. Most notably, platey microbialites (in Zone 3A) are precipitated by evaporative concentration processes, while discoidal oncolites (in Zone 3C) are interpreted result from fluid mixing and biologically mediated nucleation. This spatial heterogeneity is reflected in petrographically distinct carbonate fabrics: micritic, botryoidal, and isopachous. Fabric type is interpreted to reflect a combination of physical and biological influences during mineralization, and paired C‐isotope measurement of carbonate and organic matter supports ecological differences as a dominant control on C‐isotopic evolution between zones. Laminae of Laguna Negra microbialites preserve a range of δ13Ccarb from +5.75‰ to +18.25‰ and δ18Ocarb from −2.04‰ to +9.28‰. Temporal trends of lower carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions suggest that the influence of CO2 degassing associated with evaporation has decreased over time. Combined, these results indicate that microbialite archives can provide data that aid in interpretation of both lake paleohydrology and paleoenvironmental change.
Comparative proteomics of Helicobacter pylori strains reveals geographical features rather than genomic variations
Authors: Sugiyama Naoyuki , Miyake Satomi , Lin Miao‐Hsia , Wakabayashi Masaki , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Nishiumi Shin , Yoshida Masaru , Ishihama Yasushi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHelicobacter pylori, a pathogen of various gastric diseases, has many genome sequence variants. Thus, the pathogenesis and infection mechanisms of the H. pylori‐driven gastric diseases have not been elucidated. Here, we carried out a large‐scale proteome analysis to profile the heterogeneity of the proteome expression of 7 H. pylori strains by using an LC/MS/MS‐based proteomics approach combined with a customized database consisting of nonredundant tryptic peptide sequences derived from full genome sequences of 52 H. pylori strains. The nonredundant peptide database enabled us to identify more peptides in the database search of MS/MS data compared with a simply merged protein database. Using this approach, we carried out proteome analysis of genome‐unknown strains of H. pylori at as large a scale as genome‐known ones. Clustering of the H. pylori strains using proteome profiling slightly differed from the genome profiling and more clearly divided the strains into two groups based on the isolated area. Furthermore, we identified phosphorylated proteins and sites of the H. pylori strains and obtained the phosphorylation motifs located in the N‐terminus that are commonly observed in bacteria.
Kidney embolization induces prompt organ response in a 86‐year‐old patient with MGRS‐related AL‐amyloidosis
Authors: Küchlin Sebastian , Duffner Johannes , Scheubeck Sophia , Schoeller Katja , Maruschke Lars , Seidl Maximilian , Engelhardt Monika , Walz Gerd , Prager Eric Peter , Waldschmidt Johannes Moritz 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite substantial improvements following the introduction of novel agents and antibodies, amyloid light‐chain (AL)‐amyloidosis still carries a grim prognosis. Here, we report on the case of a severely frail 86‐year‐old patient suffering from monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS)‐associated AL‐amyloidosis with a diuretic‐refractory nephrotic syndrome. In this patient, treatment with bortezomib–dexamethasone effectively induced a serological response, but was unfortunately poorly tolerated and failed to promote renal recovery fast enough to prevent secondary complications. Facing ongoing nephrotic syndrome, we performed unilateral kidney embolization and observed a substantial improvement of hypoalbuminemia accompanied by a significant gain in overall quality of life despite the necessity for thrice weekly dialysis. It can be concluded that systemic drugs in MGRS typically do not lead to instantaneous organ recovery but may initially rather be associated with substantial treatment‐related morbidity. In this setting, unilateral renal artery embolization is effective to treat nephrotic syndrome and its secondary complications. The risk of potentially adverse effects, including post‐embolization syndrome, can be minimized by unilateral embolization, still noting that also one‐sided renal ablation has to be balanced against the requirement for life‐long renal replacement therapy. Prospective controlled trials in a more comprehensive cohort will be needed to estimate the overall benefit of kidney embolization relative to novel agent therapies in frail patients with MGRS‐related AL‐amyloidosis.
Sectoral composition of government spending, distortionary income taxation, and macroeconomic (in)stability
Authors: Chang Juin‐Jen , Guo Jang‐Ting , Shieh Jhy‐Yuan , Wang Wei‐Neng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the interrelations between the sectoral composition of government spending and macroeconomic (in)stability in a two‐sector real business cycle model with positive productive externalities in investment and a balanced‐budget fiscal policy rule, whereby endogenous public expenditures are financed by the distortionary constant tax rate. Under the benchmark parameterization, our model always exhibits indeterminacy and sunspots provided the tax rate does not exceed a critical value. When the tax rate is raised to a higher level, a sufficiently high public‐consumption share can destabilize the macroeconomy by generating belief‐driven cyclical fluctuations. We also find that saddle‐path stability and equilibrium uniqueness will prevail when the household's labor supply elasticity is not higher than a threshold level. In addition, analytical proofs for each of the aforementioned quantitative results are provided.
Cox Point Processes: Why One Realisation Is Not Enough
Authors: Micheas Athanasios C. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWe review a rich class of point process models, Cox point processes, and illustrate the necessity of more than one observation (point patterns) in performing parameter estimation. Furthermore, we introduce a new Cox point process model by treating the intensity function of the underlying Poisson point process as a random mixture of normal components. The behaviour and performance of the new model are compared with those of popular Cox point process models. The new model is exemplified with an application that involves a single point pattern corresponding to earthquake events in California, USA.
A novel, effective, and feasible method for deacidifying kiwifruit wine by weakly basic ion exchange resins
Authors: Zhong Wu , Li Xinyue , Yang Hong , Li Erhu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, an effective deacidification process for kiwifruit wine using ion exchange resins was investigated. Static adsorption experiments were conducted to screen an appropriate resin and optimize the volume ratio of resin to wine. Dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted to optimize the flow rate. Sensory and chemical analysis of the deacidified kiwifruit wine were also performed. The results demonstrated that 330 resin with a maximum adsorption capacity decreased total acid and citric acid to 4.32 and 1.39 g/L in kiwifruit wine. The acid adsorption process fitted Ho's sorption kinetic model well. The volume ratio of the 330 resin to wine and the feed flow rate were further optimized to be 1:30 and 4 mL/min. Kiwifruit wine with total acid and citric acid contents of 7.98 and 4.74 g/L was obtained, under optimum conditions, while preserving alcohol, vitamin C (Vc), flavonoids and phenol content, and improving the flavor.Practical applicationsThe high acidity in kiwifruit wine depress the sensory quality and attraction to consumers. Resins are applied for liquid treatment because of high efficiency, insolubility and low cost. This work showed that 330 resin treatment is a promising method to deacidify kiwifruit wine and provided an economical and effective processing method for kiwifruit processing enterprises. Monitoring acidity change and kiwifruit wine quality help enterprises better control the process. Furthermore, the easy removal of resins will greatly reduce energy consumption, resulting in lower processing cost.
Storage stability of bioactive compounds of pomegranate leather (pestil) produced by refractance window drying
Authors: Tontul Ismail , Topuz Ayhan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFruit leathers are commonly produced with several fruits for consuming out of harvesting seasons. It is rich in nutritional and bioactive compounds. However, the bioactive compounds are sensitive to processing and storage conditions. Therefore, the chemical properties of the pomegranate leather produced by refractance window drying during storage at three different storage temperatures were investigated in the present study. The bioactive compounds of pomegranate leathers gradually decreased during storage, especially in high storage temperatures. The degradation of anthocyanins fit the second‐order reaction kinetics. HMF content and volatile nonenzymatic browning reaction products were increased during storage especially at 35 °C. Moreover, storing at 35 °C for short period of time caused a volatile composition similar to the storing for a long period at 22 °C. Overall, leather must be stored at low temperatures to increase the stability of bioactive compounds.Practical applicationsRefractance window drying has gained more and more attention from the food industry due to its scalability, cost‐effectiveness, and continuous production opportunity. Many papers have shown the effectiveness of refractance window drying over different drying techniques. However, the fate of refractance window dried materials during storage is absent in the literature. Therefore, the storage stability of pomegranate leather was determined in the present study.
Willingness to Change Medications Linked to Increased Fall Risk: A Comparison between Age Groups
Authors: Haddad Yara K. , Karani Mamta V. , Bergen Gwen , Marcum Zachary A. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo describe and compare two age groups’ knowledge of medications linked to falls and willingness to change these medications to reduce their fall risk.MethodWe analyzed data from community‐dwelling adults age 55 and older (n = 1812): 855 adults aged 55 to 64 years and 957 older adults (65 and older) who participated in the 2016 summer wave of the ConsumerStyles survey, an annual Web‐based survey. The data are weighted to match the US Current Population Survey proportions on nine US Census Bureau demographic characteristics.MeasurementsSurvey respondents were asked about medication use, knowledge of side effects, their willingness to change their medications to reduce fall risk, communication in the previous year about fall risk with their healthcare provider, and their comfort in discussing fall risk with their healthcare provider. All data were weighted to match the 2016 population estimates. Descriptive statistics and χ2 (p ≤ .05) were used to identify differences between the two age groups.ResultsAbout one‐fifth of all respondents reported using at least one class of medication that increases fall risk. Older adults were less likely to report using medications for mood or sadness, less likely to report knowing the side effects of pain medications, and more willing to change their sleep medications compared with their younger counterparts. Among all respondents using these medication classes, less than one‐third knew the potential fall‐related side effects. However, most of them expressed willingness to change their medication if advised by their healthcare provider.ConclusionMost older adults were unaware of potential fall risks associated with medications prescribed to address pain, difficulty sleeping, mood or sadness, and anxiety‐ or nervousness‐related health issues. However, most were willing to change their medication if recommended by a healthcare provider. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:527–533, 2019.
High‐speed railway to success? The effects of high‐speed rail connection on regional economic development in China
Authors: Yu Feng , Lin Faqin , Tang Yihong , Zhong Changbiao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe find that high‐speed railway connection in China has led to a reduction in GDP per capita for connected peripheral prefectures. We use the least‐cost path‐spanning tree network to address the nonrandom route placement issue. We find that the reduction of GDP per capita is driven by significant contractions in capital input, industrial output, and skilled labor outflow. We present evidence to support a trade‐based channel in light of falling transportation costs between peripheral and metropolitan regions. Our finding highlights the importance of the cost of human transport.