bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxic Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on Heart, Lung, and Testis of Male Albino Rats: Histopathology Study
Authors: Kudayer Alia M. , Alsandaqchi Alaa T.A. , Saleh Faleah M. , Alwan Nawras A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The current study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 exposure on heart, lung, and testis of male Albino rats. Twelve healthy male Albino rats were used in the current study. They were divided equally into 2 groups (control and treated groups). The treated group was given aflatoxin B1 orally by a gastric tube at concentration 0.5 mg per kg of body weight for 7 day. The control group was given distilled water alone. At the end of experiment (1 week), the rats were killed under ether anesthesia and the internal organs(heart, lung, and testis) were collected immediately for histological examination. The histopathology examination in heart revealed that there is oedema between myocardial. In lung, there is a large number of inflammatory cells and dilated the alveolar sac with exudates. The testis revealed the excessive vacuolated cells and suppression spermatogenesis. In conclusion, oral dose of aflatoxin B1 exposure could induce a deleterious effect on the histological structure of the heart, lung, and testis of male Albino rats. High level of attention must be taken to prevent the possible contamination of our food with aflatoxin B1.
Study of some abnormalities in the reproductive system of ewes in Basra province
Authors: fahad Taher abdulhussen , Waheed Zainab , Kareem Dhuha Adel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aimed of study to examined female reproductive system grossly and histopathological to study of lesion causes infertility or sterility in ewes. This study was conducted on the genital tract of 80 ewes in Basra province. The specimen were randomly collected from Basra slaughter house of different areas of Basra city (Qurna, Zubear, Karma Ali, Abu AL khasab, Hayaniya, alder, Shatt al-Arab)within the period from October 2014 to January 2015.The gross examination of collected specimen was confirmed histologically, pathological changes were found in 28 (35%) of the total cases. and 52 (65%) samples normal. Uterine abnormalities comprised (57.14%), whereas ovarian abnormalities comprised (39.29%) and oviduct abnormalities were (3.57%).The commonest pathological conditions of the uterus was endometritis which comprised (42.86%) of pathological conditions, followed by freemartin (14.29%), these percentages from abnormal cases. The commonest abnormalities of the ovary were ovarian cysts (25%), followed by Para ovarian cysts (14.29%) (3.57%). The abnormalities of the oviduct were less common Paraoviduct, these percentages from abnormal cases.
Synthesis and Characterisation a new 1,2,4-Triazole Carbohydrate
Authors: Al khazraji Abdulqadier H , I Alkayar Ziad T , Al-fatahi Yousif A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this study, new alditol derivatives containing two triazole rings at the two terminal primary carbon atoms have synthesized starting from D-glucitol. In order to obtain these derivatives, it was required to protect the hydroxyl group at C1 and C6 position of the glucitol by converting them to 1,6-di-O-benzoyl-D-glucitol, followed by the protection of the remaining hydroxyl group.
Treatment of 1,6-di-O-benzoyl-D-glucitol with benzaldehyde in present of zinc chloride as catalyst afforded 1,6-di-O-benzoyl-2,4:3,5-di-O-benzylidene, then the two benzoate groups were removed using sodium methoxide to give 2,4:3,5-di-O-benzylidene-D-glucitol. Oxidation of 2,4:3,5-di-O-benzylidene-D-glucitol with alkaline permanganate gave 1,4:3,5-di-O-benzylidene-D-glucaric acid. This was converted to corresponding acid chloride using thionyl chloride, and then treated with semicarbazide to afford the semicarbazide derivative.This undergoes intramolecular cyclization with base to give the triazolyl derivative. All derivatives were confirmed with the help of infrared spectra (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance for proton 1HNMR and carbon13CNMR spectroscopy.
DNA Binding three Azo Dyes as new Antibiotics
Authors: Ali Hanan M. , Badr Sanaa Qassem , Hassan Al-Kinani Murtadha F. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The antimicrobial activities of (E)-4-((2-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (1), (E)-4-((3-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (2) and (E)-4-((4-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (3), were screened in vitro towered Staphylococcus aureus strain NCTC 6571 and Candida Krusei. The results were revealed that the azo dye (2), which has NO2 group in the meta-position, was more active towered Staphylococcus aureus using 0.3 mg / mL and 0.4 mg/ mL concentrations. This activity was seemed to be higher than the activity of (1) and (3), which have substituted NO2 group in ortho-and para-positions respectively. However, the azo dye (1) was gave well activity against Candida Krusei than (2) and (3) using same concentrations. These results were then compared with that obtained by antibiotics (erythromycin capsules, amoxicillin capsules and metheprim tablet). The results were displayed that the activities of different concentrations of each azo dye were better than the antibiotics in the treatment of the disseminated infection. Further, the three azo dyes were showed non-toxic effects toward of the hemolytic red blood cells and didn’t show any hemolysis effect in the cells. Further the three azo dyes were variable in their bonded to the infected human DNA. The azo dyes (1) and (3) can affect the human DNA resulting DNA damage, which inhibits DNA transcription and replication. However, the azo dye (2) was right bind the human DNA without damaged it in contrast with the control. Due to recommend the three synthetic azo dyes as new antibiotics for disseminated infection. The first section in your paper
Development Method for Determination of Aspirin as Sodium Salicylate by UV-VIS Spectroscopy
Authors: Albakaa Ali Rasool Mahmood , ahmed Mohammed abdullah , mohammed Benas thamer , jabbar zainab abbas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
New, easy and quick way to signal U.V. – Vis. spectroscopy was developed and validated for the estimation of Aspirin in pure form, and in respective formulations. The appropriate solubility of the drug and the maximum sensitivity of the assay were found as Salicylate, the peak of maximum absorbance of Salicylate was appear at (535 nm) in the wavelength scope of (300-900 nm); The linear calibration curve of aspirin concentrations range (10-80 ppm) are shown to show the regression equation (Y=0.0086X - 0.0429), and correlation Coefficient (R2 = 0.9999), the LOQ for Aspirin was up to (5.43742 – 0.306928 mg.L−1), while LOD were (1.794348 - 0.101286 mg.L−1).
This method has been validated and applied to the estimate of aspirin from various companies in Iraqi marts, no intrusions was found from tablet of aspirin excipients at the favored wavelength and conditions of estimate; Concluded that the method developed was perfect, precise, accurate, and replicable. As well as it can be directly applied to determine Salicylate and indirectly for the estimation of Aspirin content in pharmaceutical formulations, by calibration curve method or standard addition method.
Investigation the effect of Silver nanoparticles on Sensitivity enhancement ratio in Improvement of Adipose Tissue Radiotherapy Using High Energy Photons
Authors: Abdulwahid Talib A. , Abid Ali Ibtisam J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Reducing the number of radiotherapy sessions is the primary goal of the radiotherapist domain. One of the most promising ways is to achieve this goal by adding nanoparticles as a contrast agent to the target where radiation is applied. The contribution of the nanoparticles will appear Sensitivity Enhancement Ratio (SER). SER is the ratio between the number of cancer cells destroyed by the presence of the contrast agent and the number of cells destroyed by the absence of the contrast agent for the same dose. Increasing the amount of SER indicates the increase in the number of destroyed cells compared with the number of destroyed cells in the absence of contrast agent. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used as a contrast agent for adipose tissue cancer together with photons beam whose energy range from (2-15) MeV that applied to the adipose tissue loaded with AgNPs. The results showed an increase in the SER (1.44 with an energy of 15 MeV ), which would indicate a reduction in the number of radiotherapy sessions to become from five to three weeks depending on the energy of applied photon where the normal radiotherapy sessions are seven weeks.
Enhance the solar cell efficiency by reduction of reflection losses
Authors: Ibrahim Rawa K. , Azzawi Mohanad M. , Naji Osama N. , Hadi Naseer M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The enhancement of the solar cell efficiency field has been achieved in many methods due to the different factors and conditions that led to loss the solar energy. This work deals with the increasing of the efficiency of solar cell that made of single crystalline silicon. This increment achieved by the reduction of biggest type of losses of the conversion efficiency named reflection. by using two methods first; forming grooves on the surface using pulse Nd:YAG laser with max energy 1J and pulse width 10ns, using the fast and accurate movement of the 3D optical galvo mirror scanning system to form the grooves, the second method was by deposition nanomaterials as Silver (Ag) and Cadmium telluride (CdTe) to constitute an antireflection layer for the incident solar spectrum. The effect of antireflection layer material type and the effect of incident light angle on the reflection had been studied in this work. The reflectance had been measured by a system designed and built to give the reflection for angles ranged 0 – 180 degree controlled by Microcontroller. The result inducate that increase in conversion efficiency was 28.3% for Ag/Si, and 32.9% for CdTe/Si than the original efficiency of Si solar cell.
‘It’s a tough decision’: a qualitative study of proxy decision-making for research involving adults who lack capacity to consent in UK
Authors: Shepherd Victoria , Hood Kerenza , Sheehan Mark , Griffith Richard , Wood Fiona 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundResearch into dementia and other conditions connected with cognitive impairments is essential but conducting research with populations who lack capacity to provide consent involves a number of ethical, legal and practical challenges. In England and Wales, family members can act as a consultee or legal representative on behalf of someone who lacks capacity. However, there is a paucity of research about how family members make decisions concerning research participation.ObjectiveTo explore family members’ experiences of proxy decision-making for research. Understanding how proxy decisions are made could lead to interventions to support greater inclusion of individuals in research who have impaired decision-making capacity.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 17 family members who had experience as a proxy for making decisions about participation in research, including those who had agreed to participation and those who declined. Thematic analysis was used to examine experiences and generate findings for research practice and to develop future supportive interventions.ResultsProxy decision-making is highly contextualised. Proxies balance a number of factors when deciding about research participation, including the person’s values and preferences, within the specific context of the study, and the practicalities of being involved. Proxies use these factors to construct a decision that is authentic to the person they care for.ConclusionsProxy decision-making for research is a complex process with inter-woven layers of decision-making. Decisions can be problematic for some proxies who may benefit from decision support to make an informed decision about research participation on behalf of a family member.
The Advocacy Journal Club
Authors: Talmon Geoffrey , Wolf Alejandro , Molani Mariam , Martin Kimberly , Waibel Elizabeth , Jacobs Jeff , Wisecarver James 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To describe a method of educating pathologists about health policy.

Methods
The Advocacy Journal Club was a series of six conferences. Topics were of those in the news or affecting local practice. Participants reviewed preparatory readings, completed a six- to 10-question pretest, attended an interactive presentation stressing advocacy groups’ efforts, and completed a posttest. All were invited to complete a survey after the sessions.

Results
Faculty and residents had increased posttest scores following each presentation with a significant difference in four and three sessions, respectively. More than 80% agreed they could discuss the topics with others and understood how regulations affect practice. More than 90% agreed that they gained an understanding of how involvement in organizations’ advocacy initiatives affects policy.

Conclusions
We present a method for educating pathologists about policy and the role of professional societies that could be implemented by nearly all graduate medical education programs.
Deep learning based prediction of reversible HAT/HDAC-specific lysine acetylation
Authors: Yu Kai , Zhang Qingfeng , Liu Zekun , Du Yimeng , Gao Xinjiao , Zhao Qi , Cheng Han , Li Xiaoxing , Liu Ze-Xian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation regulation is an important molecular mechanism for regulating cellular processes and plays critical physiological and pathological roles in cancers and diseases. Although massive acetylation sites have been identified through experimental identification and high-throughput proteomics techniques, their enzyme-specific regulation remains largely unknown. Here, we developed the deep learning-based protein lysine acetylation modification prediction (Deep-PLA) software for histone acetyltransferase (HAT)/histone deacetylase (HDAC)-specific acetylation prediction based on deep learning. Experimentally identified substrates and sites of several HATs and HDACs were curated from the literature to generate enzyme-specific data sets. We integrated various protein sequence features with deep neural network and optimized the hyperparameters with particle swarm optimization, which achieved satisfactory performance. Through comparisons based on cross-validations and testing data sets, the model outperformed previous studies. Meanwhile, we found that protein–protein interactions could enrich enzyme-specific acetylation regulatory relations and visualized this information in the Deep-PLA web server. Furthermore, a cross-cancer analysis of acetylation-associated mutations revealed that acetylation regulation was intensively disrupted by mutations in cancers and heavily implicated in the regulation of cancer signaling. These prediction and analysis results might provide helpful information to reveal the regulatory mechanism of protein acetylation in various biological processes to promote the research on prognosis and treatment of cancers. Therefore, the Deep-PLA predictor and protein acetylation interaction networks could provide helpful information for studying the regulation of protein acetylation. The web server of Deep-PLA could be accessed at http://deeppla.cancerbio.info.
Graph convolution for predicting associations between miRNA and drug resistance
Authors: Huang Yu-an , Hu Pengwei , Chan Keith C C , You Zhu-Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMotivationMicroRNA (miRNA) therapeutics is becoming increasingly important. However, aberrant expression of miRNAs is known to cause drug resistance and can become an obstacle for miRNA-based therapeutics. At present, little is known about associations between miRNA and drug resistance and there is no computational tool available for predicting such association relationship. Since it is known that miRNAs can regulate genes that encode specific proteins that are keys for drug efficacy, we propose here a computational approach, called GCMDR, for finding a three-layer latent factor model that can be used to predict miRNA-drug resistance associations.ResultsIn this paper, we discuss how the problem of predicting such associations can be formulated as a link prediction problem involving a bipartite attributed graph. GCMDR makes use of the technique of graph convolution to build a latent factor model, which can effectively utilize information of high-dimensional attributes of miRNA/drug in an end-to-end learning scheme. In addition, GCMDR also learns graph embedding features for miRNAs and drugs. We leveraged the data from multiple databases storing miRNA expression profile, drug substructure fingerprints, gene ontology and disease ontology. The test for performance shows that the GCMDR prediction model can achieve AUCs of 0.9301 ± 0.0005, 0.9359 ± 0.0006 and 0.9369 ± 0.0003 based on 2-fold, 5-fold and 10-fold cross validation, respectively. Using this model, we show that the associations between miRNA and drug resistance can be reliably predicted by properly introducing useful side information like miRNA expression profile and drug structure fingerprints.Availability and implementationPython codes and dataset are available at https://github.com/yahuang1991polyu/GCMDR/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Caged Bird Sings: The Voice of the Workfare Generation
Authors: Brandt Steven , Roose Rudi , Verschelden Griet 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSocial work literature suggests that three depoliticisation tendencies characterise the youngest generation of social workers. First, they exhibit less interest in the structural level of social problems. Secondly, they are supposed to incline towards the idea of welfare conditionality. And thirdly, they are evolving towards increasingly shallow technical, box-ticking professionals. As such, this generation of social workers seems to conform with a policy climate in which social justice is increasingly under pressure. It is our contention that this debate is one-sided and negative. It dismisses the perspective of the social workers themselves. For organisations in social work, it might appear paradoxical that the youngest generation of social workers—although submersed in the context of workfare—hold the key to revising institutional processes and guidelines. Based on generational theory, however, we argue that social work needs to consider the ability of the newest generation to signal procedural and institutional barriers that hinder the pursuit of social justice.
Selective Inactivation of Reelin in Inhibitory Interneurons Leads to Subtle Changes in the Dentate Gyrus But Leaves Cortical Layering and Behavior Unaffected
Authors: Pahle Jasmine , Muhia Mary , Wagener Robin J , Tippmann Anja , Bock Hans H , Graw Janice , Herz Joachim , Staiger Jochen F , Drakew Alexander , Kneussel Matthias , Rune Gabriele M , Frotscher Michael , Brunne Bianka 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein, known for its dual role in neuronal migration during brain development and in synaptic plasticity at adult stages. During the perinatal phase, Reelin expression switches from Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells, its main source before birth, to inhibitory interneurons (IN), the main source of Reelin in the adult forebrain. IN-derived Reelin has been associated with schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy; however, the functional role of Reelin from INs is presently unclear. In this study, we used conditional knockout mice, which lack Reelin expression specifically in inhibitory INs, leading to a substantial reduction in total Reelin expression in the neocortex and dentate gyrus. Our results show that IN-specific Reelin knockout mice exhibit normal neuronal layering and normal behavior, including spatial reference memory. Although INs are the major source of Reelin within the adult stem cell niche, Reelin from INs does not contribute substantially to normal adult neurogenesis. While a closer look at the dentate gyrus revealed some unexpected alterations at the cellular level, including an increase in the number of Reelin expressing CR cells, overall our data suggest that Reelin derived from INs is less critical for cortex development and function than Reelin expressed by CR cells.
An Improved Ion Chromatographic Method for Fast and Sensitive Determination of Hexavalent Chromium and Total Chromium Using Conductivity Detection
Authors: Shanmugam Thyagarajan , Selvaraj Joseph , Mani Uvaraj 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chromium exists in its two stable oxidation states including trivalent chromium (Cr (III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) in natural waters. Chromium is an essential micronutrient in the trivalent form; however, the hexavalent form of chromium is considered to be a carcinogen. It is important to determine the chromium content along with speciation. There are a number of methods available for chromium determination. Speciation of chromium is essential to know the exact composition of chromium. Ion exchange chromatography is one of the techniques used to determine Cr (VI). The proposed method can be used to perform the speciation of Cr (III) and Cr (VI). It is a two-step process: first Cr (VI) is determined, followed by total chromium determination by treating the sample with potassium permanganate solution to oxidize the Cr (III) present in the sample to Cr (VI) and determining it as Cr (VI). Conductivity detector is used for the detection. Addition of potassium permanganate solution to the ground water samples for oxidizing the Cr (III) to Cr (VI) is the newly adopted sample preparation technique. The effect of potassium permanganate oxidation is studied in detail in the proposed method. This method can be used for chromium speciation in river water and ground water samples.
NADPH oxidases in the differentiation of endothelial cells
Authors: Hahner Fabian , Moll Franziska , Schröder Katrin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells involves the modulation of highly interconnected metabolic and epigenetic processes. Therefore, the differentiation of endothelial cells is a tightly controlled process, which is adjusted at multiple levels, meaning that even the smallest variation can result in major consequences. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent a group of second messengers that can interfere with both metabolic and epigenetic processes. Besides their generation by mitochondria, ROS are produced in a controlled manner by the family of NADPH oxidases. The different members of the NADPH oxidase family produce superoxide anions or hydrogen peroxide. Due to the specific sub-cellular localization of the different NADPH oxidases, ROS are produced at diverse sites in the cell, such as the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum. Once produced, ROS interfere with proteins, lipids, and DNA to modulate intracellular signal cascades. Accordingly, ROS represent a group of readily available and specifically localized modulators of the highly sophisticated signalling network that eventually leads to the differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells. This review focuses on the role of NADPH oxidases in the differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells.
The phylloplane yeast Pseudozyma: a rich potential for biotechnology
Authors: Kitamoto Hiroko 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Basidiomycetous yeast Pseudozyma strains are often isolated from leaf surfaces. Here, we describe the sources of Pseudozyma yeasts and their useful secreted products, including enzymes and biosurfactants. We then outline the life of Pseudozyma on the leaf surface and introduce studies to verify ecological functions of their useful products. In addition, the function of Pseudozyma in maintaining the health of plants is briefly explained. Finally, the gene manipulation techniques necessary for future research and development of technological applications of Pseudozyma are described.