bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Analgesia for Pediatric Craniotomy Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xing Fei , An LiXin , Xue FuShan , Zhao ChunMei , Bai YaFan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Pain is often observed in pediatric patients after craniotomy procedures, which could lead to some serious postoperative complications. However, the optimal formula for postoperative analgesia for pediatric neurosurgery has not been well established. This study aimed to explore the optimal options and formulas for postoperative analgesia in pediatric neurosurgery.

Methods: Three hundred and twenty patients aged 1 to 12-years old who underwent craniotomy were randomly assigned to receive 4 different regimens of patient-controlled analgesia. The formulas used were as follows: Control group included normal saline 100 ml, with a background infusion of 2 ml/h, bolus 0.5 ml; Fentanyl group was used with a background infusion of 0.1-0.2 μg/k·h, bolus 0.1-0.2 μg/kg; Morphine group was used with a background infusion of 10-20 μg/kg·h, bolus 10-20 μg/kg; while Tramadol group was used with a background infusion of 100-400 μg/kg·h, bolus 100-200 μg/kg. Postoperative pain scores and analgesia-related complication were recorded respectively. Comparative analysis was performed between the four groups.

Results: In comparison of all groups with each other, lower pain scores were shown at 1 hour and 8 hour after surgery in Morphine group versus Tramadol, Fentanyl and Control groups (P<0.05). Both Tramadol and Fentanyl groups showed lower pain scores in comparison to Control group (P<0.05). Nausea and vomiting were observed more in Tramadol group in comparison to all other groups during the 48 hours of PCIA usage after operation (P=0.020). Much more rescue medicines including ibuprofen and morphine were used in Control group (CI=0.000-0.019). Changes in consciousness and respiratory depression were not observed in study groups. Moderate-to-severe pain was observed in a total of 56 (17.5%) of the study population. Multiple regression analysis for identifying risk factors for moderate-to-severe pain revealed that, younger children (OR=1.161, 1.027-1.312, P=0.017), occipital craniotomy (OR=0.374, 0.155-0.905, P=0.029), and morphine treatment (OR=0.077, 0.021-0.281, P<0.001) are the relevant factors.

Conclusions: Compared with other analgesic projects, PCIA or NCIA analgesia with morphine appears to be the safest and most effective postoperative analgesia program for pediatric patients who underwent neurosurgical operations.

Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. No: ChiCTR-IOC-15007676. Prospective registration. http://www.chictr.org.cn.
Blepharoptosis among Korean adults: Age-related prevalence and threshold age for evaluation
Authors: Paik Ji Sun , Han Kyungdo , Yang Suk-Woo , Park Yongku , Na Kyungsun , Cho Wonkyung , Jung Su-Kyung , Kim Seongeun 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of blepharoptosis among Korean adults and the characteristics of blepharoptosis patients, and to determine an appropriate age threshold for recommending blepharoptosis evaluation.
Methods: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V) was conducted in 2010–2012. We extracted data on 17,878 Korean adults aged ≥ 19 years included in KNHANES-V, and determined blepharoptosis prevalence according to age to determine the cutoff age for recommending blepharoptosis evaluation. We also determined the possible association between blepharoptosis and obesity parameters, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).
Results: There was a strong association between older age and the prevalence of blepharoptosis. The cutoff age for recommending blepharoptosis evaluation was 63 years for males, 70 years for females, and 66 years for all patients. Patients with a high BMI and large WC had a higher prevalence of blepharoptosis in all age groups except for those aged > 80 years. The association of blepharoptosis with BMI according to age group showed that in the 50–59 and 60–69 years age groups, blepharoptosis prevalence and BMI were higher. However, in the 70–79 and 80–89 years age groups, extremely obese patients (BMI > 30) showed a decreased blepharoptosis prevalence.
Conclusions: Moderate to severe blepharoptosis can result in poor visual function and exacerbate headaches and depression, leading to decreased quality of life. This study proposed an appropriate age threshold for recommending evaluation of patients with blepharoptosis among the general population of Korea.
Online Social anxiety Cognitive therapy for Adolescents (OSCA): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Leigh Eleanor , Clark David M 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background Adolescent social anxiety disorder (SAD) is common, impairing and persistent. There is a need to intervene early to avert its long-term consequences. Cognitive Therapy for SAD is the leading treatment for adults and shows promise for adolescents. However, given the scale of the problem of adolescent SAD and the limited availability of psychological therapists in child and adolescent mental health services, there is a substantial gap in service provision. Delivering therapy via the Internet may provide part of the solution to this problem. An Internet version of adult Cognitive Therapy for SAD has been developed, with outcomes similar to face-to-face therapy. We have recently adapted this treatment for use with adolescents with SAD. Here, we describe a randomised controlled trial designed to test the efficacy of Internet Cognitive Therapy for adolescent SAD compared to waitlist. Methods and Design Forty adolescents aged 14-18 years old with a diagnosis of SAD will be recruited via schools. Participants will be randomly allocated to Internet Cognitive Therapy or to waitlist. All participants will be assessed three times during the study – at baseline (pretreatment/wait), midtreatment/wait (week 8), and at posttreatment/wait (week 15). Participants in the experimental arm will also complete weekly measures as part of the online program and they will be assessed at 3 and 6 months follow-up. Postwait, participants in the waitlist arm will be offered Internet Cognitive Therapy, and weekly and posttreatment data will also be collected for them. The trial aims to test whether Internet Cognitive Therapy is superior to waitlist in reducing social anxiety symptoms and in reducing the proportion of adolescents meeting criteria for SAD. Other outcomes of interest include depression and general anxiety symptoms. Acceptability of the online treatment will also be evaluated. Discussion This RCT will provide preliminary evidence on whether this intervention, requiring relatively low levels of therapist input, is safe and clinically effective. If this is shown to be the case, Internet Cognitive Therapy for adolescents has the potential to provide a service to the large population of adolescents with untreated SAD. Trial Registration: ISRCTN15079139 (version 1; dated: 06/02/2019), http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15079139
Effectiveness and implementation of evriMED with short messages service (SMS) reminders and tailored feedback compared to standard care on adherence to treatment among tuberculosis patients in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: proposal for a cluster Randomized Controlled Trial SMS reminders and tailored feedback through evriMED and adherence to TB treatment
Authors: Boer I. Marion Sumari-de , Pima Francis M , Ngowi Kennedy M , Chelangwa Geoffrey M , Mtesha Benson , Semvua Hadija H , Mpagama Stella , Mmbaga Blandina T , Nieuwkerk Pythia T , Aarnoutse Rob E 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background

Adherence to TB treatment is challenging because of many factors. WHO has recommended the use of digital adherence monitoring technologies in its End-TB-strategy. However, there is paucity on its evidence in improving adherence. EvriMED a real time medication monitoring (RTMM) which was found feasible and acceptable in few studies in Asia. However, in Tanzania, there may be challenges in implementing evriMED due to stigmatization, network and power access, accuracy and cost effectiveness which may have an implication for treatment outcomes. We propose a pragmatic cluster randomized trial, to investigate the effectiveness of evriMED with reminder cues and tailored feedback on adherence to TB treatment in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Methods

We will create clusters in Kilimanjaro based on level of health care facility. Clusters will be randomized in an intervention arm, where evriMED will be implemented or a control arm, where standard practice DOTs will be followed. TB patients in intervention clusters will take their medication from the evriMED pillbox and receive tailored feedback. We will use the ‘Stages­of-change’­model, which assumes that a person has to go through the stages of pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and evaluation to change behaviour for tailored feedback on adherence reports from the device.

Discussion

If the intervention shows a significant effect on adherence and the devices are accepted, accurate and sustainable, the intervention can be scaled up within the National Tuberculosis Programmes.
The efficacy and safety of Shenzhu Guanxin Recipe Granules for treatment of patients with coronary artery disease: protocol for a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: jin xiao , Wu Huanlin , Wu Bingxin , Li Yukai , Wang Xia , Liu Guoqing , Dang Xiaojing , Xu Danping 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common types of the cardiovascular diseases, previous pilot trials suggested that Traditional Chinese Medicine brought clinical benefits for patients with CAD. We will conduct this trial to determine the efficacy and safety of Shenzhu Guanxin Recipe Granules for treatment of patients with coronary artery disease.

Patients and Methods

This randomized controlled trial recruited 190 patients who were diagnosed CAD by clinical manifestations and examinations, in which coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) showed 50-70% of stenosis, with soft or mixed plaque. The included participants were randomly assigned to the case group and control group with a 1:1 allocation ratio; patients in the case group received SGR and usual care, and those in the control group received placebo (6 g/day for 6 months) and usual care. The endpoint of the study included calcium coverage score (CCS), C-Reactive protein (CRP), and the levels of blood lipids, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and ATP-binding membrane cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) were calculated before recruiting at6th month. The indicators were Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and TCM syndrome questionnaire scores at 0th, 3rd, and 6th months.

Discussion

This clinical trial may provide a reliable evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness and safety of SGR therapy for patients with CAD by clinical manifestations and examinations, in which coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) showed 50-70% of stenosis, with soft or mixed plaque.
Non-atrial fibrillation was associated with early neurological improvement after intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Liu Jie , Huang Jiaqi , Xu Huimin , Dai Haibin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background

To investigate the factors associated with early neurological improvement of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment to acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 4.5 hours of onset.

Methods

Demographics onset to treatment time, risk factors, and clinical and laboratory data of 209 AIS patients undergoing intravenous rt-PA therapy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2013 and August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was recorded before thrombolytic therapy, 24 h after the treatment and 7 d after the treatment to evaluate the recovery of neurological function. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the outcomes.

Results

Of the 209 AIS patients treated by intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in patients with early neurological improvement. The multivariable analysis showed that non-atrial fibrillation (AF) was independently associated with early neurological improvement at 24 h and 7 d after thrombolysis. Onset to treatment time was an independent predictor (P < 0.05) for early neurological improvement at 7 d after thrombolysis. The NIHSS score and diastolic blood pressure on admission were associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhagic (sICH) transformation.

Conclusions

Non-AF was independently associated with early neurological improvement after intravenous thrombolysis in AIS patients, but non-AF was not associated with the occurrence of sICH. Onset to treatment time was an independent predictor of early neurological improvement at 7 d after thrombolysis in AIS patients.
Diversion and phylogenetic relatedness of filterable bacteria from Norwegian tap and bottled waters
Authors: Charnock Colin , Hagen Ralf Xue , Nguyen Theresa Ngoc-Thu , Vo Linh Thuy 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Numerous articles have documented the existence of filterable bacteria. Where filtration is the chosen method of sterilization for medicinal or media components, these bacteria will by definition render products non-sterile. They may further represent a health hazard to the end user. A wide-range of bacterial genera were found in bottled and tap water filtrates from 0.2 μm filters, including genera housing opportunistic pathogens (e.g. Methylobacterium) and endospore formers (Paenibacillus). Two municipal tap water isolates were only distantly related to named species. One of these grew on agar, and could potentially provide hitherto unharvested useful biological products. The other grew only in water, and failed to produce colonies on media targeting either heterotrophs or autotrophs. The present study is one of very few looking at filterable bacteria in bottled waters intended for human consumption and the first identifying the filterable portion. It extends the range of known habitats of filterable bacteria and provides data on two new or novel species.
Pharmaceuticals and pesticides in rural community drinking waters of Quebec, Canada – a regional study on the susceptibility to source contamination
Authors: Husk Barry , Sanchez Juan Sebastian , Leduc Roland , Takser Larissa , Savary Olivier , Cabana Hubert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn Canada, the presence of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in municipal drinking water has been examined primarily in larger urban centres which draw their supplies from surface water. However, few studies have examined this issue in smaller and rural communities, which represent nearly one-third of the Canadian population and which draw their drinking water mainly from groundwater. This study presents a regional-scale assessment of the presence of these contaminants in the drinking waters of 17 smaller rural communities, compared with two larger urban communities, in south-central Quebec. From a total of 70 chemicals examined, 15 compounds (nine pharmaceuticals and six pesticides) were detected. The three most frequently detected contaminants were caffeine, atrazine and naproxen, respectively, in 29%, 24% and 21% of the samples. Detections reported here for the first time in Quebec drinking water include the known human carcinogen cyclophosphamide and the fungicide thiabendazole. Maximum concentrations of pharmaceuticals ranged from 30 to 1,848 ng L−1 and of pesticides from 21 to 856 ng L−1. This study provides direct evidence that drinking water in smaller, rural communities of Quebec, Canada, whether sourced from groundwater or surface water, can contain measurable levels of pharmaceuticals and pesticides, indicative of their susceptibility to source contamination.This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).
Critical Discourse Analysis: Between Educational Sciences and Journalism
Authors: António Ana Sofia , Teodoro António 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This research, in which we used Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) applied to the field of Educational Sciences, was developed within the scope of the project of PhD in Education. We submit the question - what relations can be identified between opinion articles concerning Education published in two broadsheet newspapers and the values and aspirations defended by the new middle class?
A quantitative methodology was used, and the directors of the newspapers studied were interviewed, as well as parents and teachers. CDA was used on the 20 opinion articles chosen as corpus of this study.
It is our belief that it is essential to understand the intentions and the consequences of opinion articles related to the school.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship and Docking Studies on a series of H+/K+-ATPase inhibitors
Authors: Shaik Basheerulla , Gupta Satya Prakash , Sharma Shweta 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The Gastric H+/K+-ATPase is also known as proton pump is the enzyme
responsible for the acidification of gastric juice. H+/K+ GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
and other acid related diseases mainly depend on the inhibition of the gastric H+/K+- ATPase which
will finally result in acid secretion in stomach. GERD is one of the diseases that have significant
effect on the quality of human life and are the major burden on health care systems is that leads to
heart burn, acid regurgitation, chest pain, epigastric pain, and respiratory conditions such as chronic
cough. Hence the study of the inhibitors of Gastric H+/K+-ATPase is desired.

Methods:
Research and online content related to imidazo [1, 2-a]pyrazine and heterocyclic ring analogues
(I) that were synthesized and evaluated for their Gastric H+/K+-ATPase inhibitory activity is
reviewed, and in order to design and develop still better and more effective H+/K+-ATPase inhibitors,
we have made Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR), docking and ADMET studies
on these compounds.

Results:
The best MLR equation based on four descriptors along with statistical parameters is obtained
using Statistica dataminer software. Using the model expressed by this study we predicted
some new compounds of high H+/K+-ATPase inhibition potency. Each predicted compound has very
high potency with which only a few compounds of existing series can match.

Conclusion:
The QSAR and molecular modelling studies suggested that still better compounds can
be designed if the flexibility of the molecules can be increased for which attempts can be made to
have more saturated atoms in the molecules. Such a compound predicted by us was found to have
interactions with the enzyme H+/K+-ATPase almost in the same manner as the FDA approved compounds,
lansoprazole, pantaprazole.
5-Nitrofuran-2-yl Thiohydrazones as Double Antibacterial Agents Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Lukin Alexey Yurjevich , Vedekhina Tatiana Sergeevna , Chudinov Mikhail Vassiljevich 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Applying of "double-drug" strategy to 5-nitrofuran derivatives has been
proposed.

Methods:
A small library of 5-Nitrofuran-2-yl Thiohydrazones was developed, and initial screening demonstrated
good activity against bacteria and fungi of ESKAPE panel.

Results and Conclusion:
The synthesis of the desired thiohydrazones was carried out via condensation
of 5-nitrofuran-2-carbaldehyde with thiohydrazides of substituted oxamic acids.
The Antiviral Effects of Sodium Phenylbutyrate Against BoHV-1 Infection In Vitro
Authors: Chen Xinye , Zhu Guoqiang , Zhu Liqian 
Published: February 2019

Introduction:
The alteration of histone acetylation is a known mechanism to regulate gene
expression, and thereby affecting various cellular processes. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are
known to regulate histone acetylation by removal of the acetyl group from lysines. HDAC inhibitor
such as Sodium Phenylbutyrate (PB) and Valproic Acid (VPA) have been reported to affect multiple
virus infection while whether they affect BoHV-1 infection is unknown.

Objective:
The aim of the study is to investigate whether PB and VPA effects BoHV-1 infection and
the virus induced inflammation related signaling including Erk1/2 and p38MAPK signaling.

Methods:
To assess the antiviral effects of PB and VPA on BoHV-1 infection, MDBK cells were
treated with these inhibitors at different concentrations. Then time addition was performed to pinpoint
which stages of virus infection was affected by the chemicals. In order to assess whether PB
affect viral gene expression, we detected the viral IE genes such as bICP0, bICP4 and bICP22 using
real-time PCR assay. The effects of PB had on the activation of inflammation related signaling including
Erk1/2 and p38MAPK in response to the virus infection were also detected.

Results:
Here, for the first time we reveals that PB but not VPA affects BoHV-1 infection at late
stages of infection. It affected the expression of IE genes such as bICP0, bICP4 and bICP22. Interestingly,
PB enhanced the activation of both Erk1/2 and p38MAPK signaling stimulated by BoHV-1
infection.

Conclusion:
HDAC inhibitor PB significantly inhibited BoHV-1 infection partially through the interruption
of certain viral IE gene expression. Though PB has been reported to have antiinflammatory
effects, we found that it enhanced the activation of inflammation pertinent signaling of
both Erk1/2 and p38MAPK stimulated by BoHV-1 infection.
Formulation and In vitro Evaluation of Gastroretentive Floating Bioadhesive Tablets of Nizatidine using Factorial Design
Authors: Sabale Vidya , Chaudhari Hardikkumar , Sabale Prafulla 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate floating bioadhesive
tablets of Nizatidine which is a competitive, reversible H2-receptor antagonist. Floatingbioadhesive
drug delivery system exhibiting a unique combination of floatation and bioadhesion to prolong
gastric residence time was prepared.

Methods:
Polymers used were Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) K15M as matrix forming
water swellable release retarding polymer and carbopol 934P as bioadhesive polymer. The gas generating
agents used were sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. The prepared floating bioadhesive tablets of
Nizatidine were optimized by 32 factorial design to study independent variable X1 (concentration of CP
934P) and X2 (concentration of HPMC K15M) and dependent variables as floating lag time, cumulative
percentage drug release at 12h and swelling index. Tablets were evaluated for various parameters
such as hardness, friability, drug content, swelling behavior, floating lag time, bioadhesive strength,
drug release profile and stability.

Results:
All the formulations passed the test for weight variation, hardness, content uniformity and
showed acceptable results with respect to drug content (97.93 ± 0.57) and % friability. The tablet containing
25% HPMC K15M and 13.75 % Carbopol 934P was selected as optimized formulation which
showed the floating lag time of 74.34±2.08 seconds, drug release of 97.03±0.55% at 12 h (R12h,%), S.I
as 79.24±0.87 at 9 h and bioadhesive strength as 10.0023±21.47 g. Stability of the formulation was
proved using stability study.

Conclusion:
The formulated tablets have a potential for controlled release of the drug through floatation
and bioadhesion.