bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinopelvic Dissociation: A Retrospective Case Study and Review of Treatment Controversies
Authors: Chou Daud Tai Shan , El-Daly Ibraheim , Ranganathan Arun , Montgomery Alexander , Culpan Paul , Bates Peter 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
Spinopelvic dissociation is a rare injury resulting in discontinuity between the spine and pelvis. We review the English- language literature and discuss critical treatment controversies. We present a series of spinopelvic dissociation cases from a level I trauma center.

Methods:
In this retrospective review of 18 consecutive cases treated surgically over a period of 4 years, we collected patient, injury, and surgical demographics and clinical and radiographic outcome measures.

Results:
Twelve patients had associated injuries, five were intubated on arrival, and six had neurologic deficits at presentation. No patient had spinal decompression, and all patients underwent closed reduction and percutaneous fixation. There were no cases of iatrogenic nerve injury, despite the use of partially threaded sacroiliac screws and closed reduction techniques. Five patients showed progressive neurologic improvement postoperatively. After reduction, eight patients (44%) had radiographic loss of the sacrococcygeal angle at the latest follow-up, but correction of fracture translation was preserved in all.

Discussion:
Spinopelvic dissociation represents a heterogeneous group of injuries often in the context of polytraumatized patients with other injuries. Our closed reduction and fixation technique resulted in satisfactory outcomes. We present a treatment algorithm for these rare injuries.
Werken in de klusseneconomie: een literatuurstudie
Authors: Dekker Fabian 
Published: June 2018

Working in the gig economy: a literature review
In the last few years, platform work and the so-called ‘gig economy’ have been growing across countries. While policy makers are debating the gig economy, there is no single agreed definition of this new type of work and systematic academic reviews are missing. This literature review provides main findings of relevant papers on working in the gig economy. The article shows that the growth of the gig economy fits well into the increasing hybridisation of work, which raises some political questions.
Van sancties naar schadeclaims?
Authors: Bremmer Linde 
Published: June 2018

Van sancties naar schadeclaims?
Natuurlijke personen kunnen nu ruim tien jaar, sinds 1 oktober 2007, door de Autoriteit Consument en Markt (ACM) een boete opgelegd krijgen voor betrokkenheid bij overtredingen van de Mededingingswet. Het tienjarige jubileum van deze bevoegdheid van de ACM vormt een goede aanleiding de balans op te maken van de handhaving van het mededingingsrecht bij inbreuken door natuurlijke personen. In dit artikel wordt niet alleen een analyse gemaakt van de huidige boetetoemeting aan natuurlijke personen door de ACM. Ook wordt vooruitgekeken naar nieuwe rechtsontwikkelingen op het gebied van (civielrechtelijke) handhaving van het mededingingsrecht met betrekking tot natuurlijke personen. Zo wordt onderzocht in hoeverre het reëel is schadevorderingen jegens feitelijke leidinggevers in te dienen.
Let op! Prijslenen kost geld
Authors: Pliego Selie Alvaro 
Published: June 2018

Let op! Prijs lenen kost geld. CBb 12 oktober 2017, ECLI:NL:CBB:2017:325
In de geannoteerde uitspraak had het CBb voor het eerst de mogelijkheid zich uit te spreken over de verenigbaarheid met het mededingingsrecht van de praktijk van ‘prijslenen’ (ook wel: cover pricing) bij aanbestedingen. Met name stond de vraag centraal of deze praktijk moet worden aangemerkt als een gedraging die tot doel heeft de mededinging te beperken. Het CBb beantwoordt deze vraag bevestigend. Ofschoon vaststond dat prijslenen minder evidente mededingingsbeperkende impact zal hebben dan ‘bid rigging’, omdat wel contact plaatsvindt tussen inschrijvers, maar niet gezamenlijk de winnende inschrijver en/of inschrijfprijs wordt bepaald, is het College toch van oordeel dat de te verwachten vervalsing van de mededinging van deze praktijk dusdanig is dat deze, conform de uitspraak van het Hof van Justitie in de zaak Cartes Bancaires, ‘naar zijn aard schadelijk kan worden geacht voor de goede werking van de normale mededinging’. Het CBb wijdt daarnaast interessante overwegingen aan de bagatelgregeling en de door de ACM in acht te nemen functiescheiding.
Review of data on hoof growth in normal and laminitic equines suggests a new etiology for acute laminitis
Authors: Ryan Thomas P 
Published: June 2018

Background. To gain a greater insight into normal and laminitic hoof growth and to be able to make comparisons between the two groups.
Methods. Ten normal and three laminitic equines completed the survey, each hoof was marked with a horizontal file mark in three places, the dorsal wall and each medial and lateral quarter at about 1cm below the coronary band. Measurement of the progression of the file mark was made every 28 days, a total of 1,872 measurements were made.
Results. Equine hoof growth rates showed seasonal variation with greater rates of growth during the summer months and slower rates during the winter. In normal horses growth was slower at the quarters compared to the dorsal region but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05).
During the summer months laminitic hoof growth at the quarters was significantly faster than at the laminitic dorsal region (p< 0.05). The rate of accelerated growth at the laminitic quarters reduced during the winter months and was not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Discussion. The results of this measurement survey highlighted that laminitic hoof growth is remarkably different at the quarters. This raises the question of when the transition from normal to laminitic hoof growth takes place. Traditionally changes in hoof shape during laminitis have been assumed to be a consequence of the acute phase but this has never been confirmed. The possibility exists that abnormal hoof growth could commence early in the developmental phase, the implications of abnormal hoof growth commencing at this stage are profound. A new etiology for equine laminitis then becomes possible, based on accelerated hoof growth at the quarters inducing the hoof capsule to change in shape; this process would have the capacity to subject the underlying dorsal dermal laminae to forces of extension which would be capable of destroying the laminal interface.
Comparison of 3D and 2D gamma passing rate criteria for detection sensitivity to IMRT delivery errors
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Wang Bin , Zhang Guangshun , Ma Charlie , Deng Xiaowu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study compared three‐dimensional (3D) and two‐dimensional (2D) percentage gamma passing rates (%GPs) for detection sensitivity to IMRT delivery errors and investigated the correlation between two kinds of %GP. Eleven prostate IMRT cases were selected, and errors in multileaf collimator (MLC) bank sag, MLC leaf traveling, and machine output were simulated by recalculating the dose distributions in patients. 2D doses were extracted from the 3D doses at the isocenter position. The 3D and 2D %GPs with different gamma criteria were then obtained by comparing the recalculated and original doses in specific regions of interest (ROI), such as the whole body, the planning target volume (PTV), the bladder, and the rectum. The sensitivities to simulated errors of the two types of %GP were compared, and the correlation between the 2D and 3D %GPs for different ROIs were analyzed. For the whole‐body evaluation, both the 2D and 3D %GPs with the 3%/3 mm criterion were above 90% for all tested MLC errors and for MU deviations up to 4%, and the 3D %GP was higher than the 2D %GP. In organ‐specific evaluations, the PTV‐specific 2D and 3D %GP gradients were −4.70% and −5.14% per millimeter of the MLC traveling error, and −17.79% and −20.50% per percentage of MU error, respectively. However, a stricter criterion (2%/1 mm) was needed to detect the tested MLC sag error. The Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant strong correlation (r > 0.8 and P < 0.001) between the 2D and 3D %GPs in the whole body and PTV‐specific gamma evaluations. The whole‐body %GP with the 3%/3 mm criterion was inadequate to detect the tested MLC and MU errors, and a stricter criterion may be needed. The PTV‐specific gamma evaluation helped to improve the sensitivity of the error detection, especially using the 3D GP%.
Influence of Bulky Organo‐Ammonium Halide Additive Choice on the Flexibility and Efficiency of Perovskite Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Zhao Lianfeng , Rolston Nicholas , Lee Kyung Min , Zhao Xunhua , Reyes‐Martinez Marcos A. , Tran Nhu L. , Yeh Yao‐Wen , Yao Nan , Scholes Gregory D. , Loo Yueh‐Lin , Selloni Annabella , Dauskardt Reinhold H. , Rand Barry P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) require small grain sizes to spatially confine charge carriers for efficient radiative recombination. As grain size decreases, passivation of surface defects becomes increasingly important. Additionally, polycrystalline perovskite films are highly brittle and mechanically fragile, limiting their practical applications in flexible electronics. In this work, the introduction of properly chosen bulky organo‐ammonium halide additives is shown to be able to improve both optoelectronic and mechanical properties of perovskites, yielding highly efficient, robust, and flexible perovskite LEDs with external quantum efficiency of up to 13% and no degradation after bending for 10 000 cycles at a radius of 2 mm. Furthermore, insight of the improvements regarding molecular structure, size, and polarity at the atomic level is obtained with first‐principles calculations, and design principles are provided to overcome trade‐offs between optoelectronic and mechanical properties, thus increasing the scope for future highly efficient, robust, and flexible perovskite electronic device development.
Microfluidic Lateral Flow Cytochrome P450 Assay on a Novel Printed Functionalized Calcium Carbonate‐Based Platform for Rapid Screening of Human Xenobiotic Metabolism
Authors: Jutila Eveliina , Koivunen Risto , Kiiski Iiro , Bollström Roger , Sikanen Tiina , Gane Patrick 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCytochrome P450 (CYP) is a superfamily of enzymes in charge of elimination of the majority of clinically used drugs and other xenobiotics. This study focuses on the development of a rapid microfluidic lateral flow assay to study human phase I metabolism reactions mediated by CYP2A6 isoenzyme, the major detoxification route for many known carcinogens and drugs, with coumarin 7‐hydroxylation, as the prototype model reaction. Assay fabrication utilizes custom‐designed porous functionalized calcium carbonate (FCC) coatings and inkjet‐printed fluid barriers. All materials used are novel and carefully chosen to preserve biocompatibility. The design comprises separate zones for reaction, separation and detection, and an absorbent pad to keep the assay wet for extended periods (up to 10 min) even when heated to physiological temperature. The concept enables CYP assays to be made at lower cost than conventional well‐plate assays, while providing increased selectivity at equally high speed, owing to the possibility for simultaneous chromatographic separation of the reaction products from the reactants on the FCC coating. The developed concept provides a viable rapid prediction of the interaction risks related to metabolic clearance of drugs and other xenobiotics, and exemplifies a novel coating technology illustrating the opportunity to broaden application functionality.
Solution Processed Metal Oxide High‐κ Dielectrics for Emerging Transistors and Circuits
Authors: Liu Ao , Zhu Huihui , Sun Huabin , Xu Yong , Noh Yong‐Young 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe electronic functionalities of metal oxides comprise conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Metal oxides have attracted great interest for construction of large‐area electronics, particularly thin‐film transistors (TFTs), for their high optical transparency, excellent chemical and thermal stability, and mechanical tolerance. High‐permittivity (κ) oxide dielectrics are a key component for achieving low‐voltage and high‐performance TFTs. With the expanding integration of complementary metal oxide semiconductor transistors, the replacement of SiO2 with high‐κ oxide dielectrics has become urgently required, because their provided thicker layers suppress quantum mechanical tunneling. Toward low‐cost devices, tremendous efforts have been devoted to vacuum‐free, solution processable fabrication, such as spin coating, spray pyrolysis, and printing techniques. This review focuses on recent progress in solution processed high‐κ oxide dielectrics and their applications to emerging TFTs. First, the history, basics, theories, and leakage current mechanisms of high‐κ oxide dielectrics are presented, and the underlying mechanism for mobility enhancement over conventional SiO2 is outlined. Recent achievements of solution‐processed high‐κ oxide materials and their applications in TFTs are summarized and traditional coating methods and emerging printing techniques are introduced. Finally, low temperature approaches, e.g., ecofriendly water‐induced, self‐combustion reaction, and energy‐assisted post treatments, for the realization of flexible electronics and circuits are discussed.
Multiresponsive Graphene‐Aerogel‐Directed Phase‐Change Smart Fibers
Authors: Li Guangyong , Hong Guo , Dong Dapeng , Song Wenhui , Zhang Xuetong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWearable devices and systems demand multifunctional units with intelligent and integrative functions. Smart fibers with response to external stimuli, such as electrical, thermal, and photonic signals, etc., as well as offering energy storage/conversion are essential units for wearable electronics, but still remain great challenges. Herein, flexible, strong, and self‐cleaning graphene‐aerogel composite fibers, with tunable functions of thermal conversion and storage under multistimuli, are fabricated. The fibers made from porous graphene aerogel/organic phase‐change materials coated with hydrophobic fluorocarbon resin render a wide range of phase transition temperature and enthalpy (0–186 J g−1). The strong and compliant fibers are twisted into yarn and woven into fabrics, showing a self‐clean superhydrophobic surface and excellent multiple responsive properties to external stimuli (electron/photon/thermal) together with reversible energy storage and conversion. Such aerogel‐directed smart fibers promise for broad applications in the next‐generation of wearable systems.
Very poor long‐term survival in past and more recent studies for relapsed AML patients: The ECOG‐ACRIN experience
Authors: Ganzel Chezi , Sun Zhuoxin , Cripe Larry D. , Fernandez Hugo F. , Douer Dan , Rowe Jacob M. , Paietta Elisabeth M. , Ketterling Rhett , O'Connell Michael J. , Wiernik Peter H. , Bennett John M. , Litzow Mark R. , Luger Selina M. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Tallman Martin S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study examines the long‐term OS of relapsed AML patients who were enrolled to 9 successive ECOG‐ACRIN trials for newly diagnosed AML, during 1984‐2008. The objectives were to examine whether there is a trend of improvement in the survival of relapsed AML patients in the more recent studies and to search for prognostic factors that are associated with long‐term OS after relapse. A total of 3012 patients were enrolled, 1779 (59.1%) achieved CR1 and of these, 58.9% relapsed. The median follow‐up was 9.7 years. The median OS from relapse was 0.5 years and the 5‐year OS was 10 (±1)%. These results were similar even for the most recent studies. A multivariate model showed that age, cytogenetics at diagnosis, duration of CR1 and undergoing allogeneic transplantation were significantly associated with OS from relapse. Even among patients who relapsed with better prognostic factors; age < 40 and CR1 > 12 months, there was no significant OS difference between the studies. In conclusion, this large cohort appears to confirm that the survival of AML patients postrelapse continues to be dismal and has not improved during the past quarter of a century.
Bestmann–Ohira Reagent: A Convenient and Promising Reagent in the Chemical World
Authors: Dhameja Manoj , Pandey Jyoti 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Bestmann–Ohira reagent is a unique and versatile reagent in organic synthesis. It is a well‐known homologating agent for the conversion of aldehydes into the corresponding terminal alkynes. Recently, it has also been used as a potent cycloaddition partner in 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The Bestmann–Ohira reagent can be readily accessed from commercially available sources. It has found tremendous application in the regioselective synthesis of a variety of organic synthons, including alkynes, triazoles, triazolines, pyrazoles, oxazoles, thiazoles, isoquinoline N‐oxides, indazoles, pyrroles, and enol ethers in good‐to‐very‐good yields.
Aniline‐nonamer segmented polyurea: A facile electrocatalyst for detection of ascorbic acid
Authors: Arukula Ravi , Thota Apparao , Boga Karteek , Narayan Ramanuj , Sreedhar B. , Rao Chepuri R. K. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAn unprecedented A‐B‐A type block copolymer electroactive polyurea (EPU) is designed and synthesized with tetraaniline dimer and 1,4‐phenylenediamine via an oxidative coupling, where aniline–nonamer and hexamethylene di‐urea constitute two segments. The EPU was characterized by spectral techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and UV–vis spectra. The structural characterization of the prepared EPU was obtained by powder X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. EPU reorganizes into core–shell microcapsules in presence of aqueous acetic acid/n‐octane interface. These microcapsules exhibited a wide range of pH responses in their absorption spectrum (UV–vis). The EPU is modified as carbon paste electrode which exhibits a remarkable electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA, Vitamin C) in 0.2 M and pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution. The carbon paste electrode is useful in sensing as low as 50 µM of ascorbic acid. This can open up new opportunities for fast, simple detection of AA providing a promising platform for sensor/biosensor designs for AA detection. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46630.
Targeting MCT4 to reduce lactic acid secretion and glycolysis for treatment of neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Choi Stephen Yiu Chuen , Ettinger Susan L. , Lin Dong , Xue Hui , Ci Xinpei , Nabavi Noushin , Bell Robert H. , Mo Fan , Gout Peter W. , Fleshner Neil E. , Gleave Martin E. , Collins Colin C. , Wang Yuzhuo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDevelopment of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is emerging as a major problem in clinical management of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). As increasingly potent androgen receptor (AR)‐targeting antiandrogens are more widely used, PCa transdifferentiation into AR‐independent NEPC as a mechanism of treatment resistance becomes more common and precarious, since NEPC is a lethal PCa subtype urgently requiring effective therapy. Reprogrammed glucose metabolism of cancers, that is elevated aerobic glycolysis involving increased lactic acid production/secretion, plays a key role in multiple cancer‐promoting processes and has been implicated in therapeutics development. Here, we examined NEPC glucose metabolism using our unique panel of patient‐derived xenograft PCa models and patient tumors. By calculating metabolic pathway scores using gene expression data, we found that elevated glycolysis coupled to increased lactic acid production/secretion is an important metabolic feature of NEPC. Specific inhibition of expression of MCT4 (a plasma membrane lactic acid transporter) by antisense oligonucleotides led to reduced lactic acid secretion as well as reduced glucose metabolism and NEPC cell proliferation. Taken together, our results indicate that elevated glycolysis coupled to excessive MCT4‐mediated lactic acid secretion is clinically relevant and functionally important to NEPC. Inhibition of MCT4 expression appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy for NEPC.
Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy with exemestane followed by response‐guided combination therapy with low‐dose cyclophosphamide in postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer: A multicenter, open‐label, phase II study
Authors: Sato Nobuaki , Masuda Norikazu , Morimoto Takashi , Ueno Takayuki , Kanbayashi Chizuko , Kaneko Koji , Yasojima Hiroyuki , Saji Shigehira , Sasano Hironobu , Morita Satoshi , Ohno Shinji , Toi Masakazu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPatients with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancer are less likely to achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy may be more appropriate than neoadjuvant chemotherapy in these hormone‐sensitive patients. Most patients with ER‐positive breast cancer are postmenopausal, and therefore, generally older and less able to tolerate chemotherapy. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of tailored neoadjuvant endocrine and chemoendocrine therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Untreated patients with primary invasive ER‐positive, HER2‐negative, stage I‐IIIA breast cancer, and Ki67 index ≤30% were enrolled. Patients received exemestane 25 mg/d for 12 weeks. Based on clinical response and change in Ki67 index, assessed at 8‐12 weeks, patients with complete response (CR), partial response (PR) with Ki67 index ≤5% after treatment, or stable disease (SD) with Ki67 index ≤5% before and after treatment were defined as responders. For the subsequent 24 weeks, responders continued exemestane monotherapy (group A), and nonresponders received exemestane 25 mg/d plus cyclophosphamide 50 mg/d (group B). The primary endpoint was clinical response at weeks 24 and 36. A total of 59 patients (median age, 69 years) started initial exemestane monotherapy. After exclusion of three patients who discontinued during this period, 56 remained enrolled to receive subsequent treatment. Clinical response rates (CR and PR) and 95% CI at weeks 24 and 36 were 85% (12/14; 57.2%‐98.2%) and 71% (10/14; 41.9%‐91.6%), respectively, in group A; and 54% (23/42; 38.7%‐70.2%) and 71% (30/42; 55.4%‐84.3%), respectively, in group B. At week 36, no significant difference was found in median Ki67 index between the groups (3.5% and 4.0%). There were no treatment‐related deaths. We found that clinical response comparable to that of responders was achieved in nonresponders after addition of cyclophosphamide to the initial endocrine therapy.
En Route to Bis‐Carbene Analogues of the Heavier Group 13 Elements: Consideration of Bridging Group and Metal(I) Source
Authors: Desat Marcella E. , Kretschmer Robert 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWith the aim of exploring the effect of steric constraints imposed on the metal–metal interaction of bis‐carbene analogues of thallium by the linking scaffold, seven dinuclear thallium diyls with a series of rigid, semirigid, and flexible bridging scaffolds were synthesized. The solid‐state molecular structures were determined for four of these compounds by single‐crystal XRD and compared with the results of DFT calculations, which were performed for all substances. These compounds serve as models to investigate the metal–metal distance in the absence of co‐coordinated molecules (additional ligands, solvent molecules). In addition, the effect of the metal(I) precursor, and more specifically the counterion, on the synthetic access to bis‐carbene analogues of indium and thallium was investigated. For indium, only InI yields the desired dinuclear indium diyl. With InBr no reaction was observed, and using InCl gave rise to a mononuclear indium(III) compound. For thallium, both TlI and TlBr allow access to the related bis‐carbene analogue, although the yield with the latter is significantly lower. In contrast, no reactions were observed with TlCl and TlBF4.