bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen–phosphorus interplay: old story with molecular tale
Authors: Hu Bin , Chu Chengcai 
Published: August 2019

SummaryNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the two most abundant mineral nutrients used by plants, and are also the mostly widely used fertilizer elements driving crop yield improvement in agricultural production. The coordinated utilization of N and P is essential to maintain optimal plant growth and achieve maximal crop yield. The signaling pathways of N and P are generally studied separately, so our understanding of N–P interactions is very limited. A series of recent studies have revealed the critical components regulating N–P interactions in both Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa), and have shed light on our in‐depth understanding of the network integrating N and P signaling pathways. Here, we summarize recent progress on N–P interaction and propose possible working mechanisms integrating these N–P interactive regulation pathways. We further discuss future work that might reveal the N–P interactive regulation network in plants.
Retracing the molecular basis and evolutionary history of the loss of benzaldehyde emission in the genus Capsella
Authors: Jantzen Friederike , Lynch Joseph H. , Kappel Christian , Höfflin Jona , Skaliter Oded , Wozniak Natalia , Sicard Adrien , Sas Claudia , Adebesin Funmilayo , Ravid Jasmin , Vainstein Alexander , Hilker Monika , Dudareva Natalia , Lenhard Michael 
Published: August 2019

Summary

The transition from pollinator‐mediated outbreeding to selfing has occurred many times in angiosperms. This is generally accompanied by a reduction in traits attracting pollinators, including reduced emission of floral scent. In Capsella, emission of benzaldehyde as a main component of floral scent has been lost in selfing C. rubella by mutation of cinnamate‐CoA ligase CNL1. However, the biochemical basis and evolutionary history of this loss remain unknown, as does the reason for the absence of benzaldehyde emission in the independently derived selfer Capsella orientalis.

We used plant transformation, in vitro enzyme assays, population genetics and quantitative genetics to address these questions.

CNL1 has been inactivated twice independently by point mutations in C. rubella, causing a loss of enzymatic activity. Both inactive haplotypes are found within and outside of Greece, the centre of origin of C. rubella, indicating that they arose before its geographical spread. By contrast, the loss of benzaldehyde emission in C. orientalis is not due to an inactivating mutation in CNL1.

CNL1 represents a hotspot for mutations that eliminate benzaldehyde emission, potentially reflecting the limited pleiotropy and large effect of its inactivation. Nevertheless, even closely related species have followed different evolutionary routes in reducing floral scent.
A class B heat shock factor selected for during soybean domestication contributes to salt tolerance by promoting flavonoid biosynthesis
Authors: Bian Xiao‐Hua , Li Wei , Niu Can‐Fang , Wei Wei , Hu Yang , Han Jia‐Qi , Lu Xiang , Tao Jian‐Jun , Jin Meng , Qin Hao , Zhou Bin , Zhang Wan‐Ke , Ma Biao , Wang Guo‐Dong , Yu De‐Yue , Lai Yong‐Cai , Chen Shou‐Yi , Zhang Jin‐Song 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Soybean (Glycine max) production is severely affected in unfavorable environments. Identification of the regulatory factors conferring stress tolerance would facilitate soybean breeding.

In this study, through coexpression network analysis of salt‐tolerant wild soybeans, together with molecular and genetic approaches, we revealed a previously unidentified function of a class B heat shock factor, HSFB2b, in soybean salt stress response.

We showed that HSFB2b improves salt tolerance through the promotion of flavonoid accumulation by activating one subset of flavonoid biosynthesis‐related genes and by inhibiting the repressor gene GmNAC2 to release another subset of genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, four promoter haplotypes of HSFB2b were identified from wild and cultivated soybeans. Promoter haplotype II from salt‐tolerant wild soybean Y20, with high promoter activity under salt stress, is probably selected for during domestication. Another promoter haplotype, III, from salt‐tolerant wild soybean Y55, had the highest promoter activity under salt stress, had a low distribution frequency and may be subjected to the next wave of selection.

Together, our results revealed the mechanism of HSFB2b in soybean salt stress tolerance. Its promoter variations were identified, and the haplotype with high activity may be adopted for breeding better soybean cultivars that are adapted to stress conditions.
The experience of body image concerns in patients with persecutory delusions: ‘People don't want to sit next to me’
Authors: Marshall Emily , Freeman Daniel , Waite Felicity 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivePersecutory delusions typically build on feelings of inter‐personal vulnerability linked to negative views of the self. Negative body image is an overlooked aspect of this link between the self‐concept and paranoia.DesignThis study explores body image from the first‐person perspective of patients with persecutory delusions.MethodSemi‐structured interviews, analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, were conducted with twelve patients with persecutory delusions in the context of psychotic disorders.ResultsFour super‐ordinate themes emerged. First, appearance as a source of threat accounted for how negative body image increased feelings of vulnerability and fed into the content of paranoia and voices (e.g., ‘I feel that everybody is noticing that I'm getting bigger and bigger and laughing at me’). Second, there was the negative impact of uncontrollable and unwanted weight gain, especially following antipsychotic medication (e.g., ‘I ballooned up to 23 stone’). Third, feeling stuck captured the hopelessness and resignation in relation to appearance (e.g., ‘I've become so accustomed to being overweight that I've accepted it as my lot’). Finally, looking well symbolises feeling well represented the importance of appearance in determining mental well‐being (e.g., ‘If I've got clean clothes and I put makeup on, at least I feel that I'm looking after myself’).ConclusionsPatients with persecutory delusions described appearance‐related concerns making them feel negative towards themselves, inferior to other people, and vulnerable to harm. Appearance‐related distress was broader than weight gain, including dissatisfaction with skin, clothing, and attractiveness. Negative body image may be a contributory factor in the occurrence of paranoia.Practitioner points

Body image concerns may be of particular relevance in patients with persecutory delusions due to weight gain, inactivity, and medication side effects.

Body image concerns include weight gain and broader aspects of appearance.

Negative body image contributes to feelings of vulnerability, potentially worsening paranoid fears.

It may be helpful for practitioners to explore the psychological impact of weight gain and body image concerns in patients with psychosis.
Causal explanations of depression and treatment credibility in adults with untreated depression: Examining attribution theory
Authors: Zimmermann Martha , Papa Anthony 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesUnderstanding depression as biologically caused has been shown to impact both treatment preferences and prognostic pessimism. Attribution theory has been posited as an explanation for this relationship. Given that evidence‐based psychotherapy is effective yet often not delivered to individuals with depression, the present study sought to determine factors that impact treatment credibility.DesignNon‐treatment‐seeking, depressed individuals (n = 229) were randomly assigned to read a psychoeducation article about depression that consisted of a biological causal explanation, psychosocial causal explanation, or a non‐causal control.MethodsAttributional dimensions of locus, stability, and control were examined as mediating the relationship between causal explanation and treatment credibility and prognostic pessimism.ResultsIndividuals in the biological condition were more likely to find antidepressant medication a credible treatment for depression. The manipulation had no direct effect on preference for psychotherapy or prognostic pessimism. Attributional dimensions of locus, stability, and control did not mediate the relationship between causal explanation and treatment credibility. To the extent that the psychosocial article increased perceived instability of the depression cause, however, prognostic pessimism was reduced.ConclusionsThe present study has implications for framing education about depression in mental health literacy programs and public awareness campaigns.Practitioner points

This study found that conceptualizing depression as biologically caused increased the credibility of medication but not psychotherapy

Participants reading a biological explanation of depression demonstrated an increase on some aspects of stigma and prognostic pessimism

Emphasizing the person–environment interaction rather than biological causes decreased the perceived stability of depression which was associated with a decrease in prognostic pessimism
Biofilm as a risk factor in implant treatment
Authors: Daubert Diane M. , Weinstein Bradley F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article summarizes the microbiological findings at dental implants, drawing distinctions between the peri‐implant microbiome and the periodontal microbiome, and summarizes what is known regarding biofilm as a risk factor for specific stages of implant treatment. Targeted microbial analysis is reviewed as well as the latest results from open‐ended sequencing of the peri‐implant flora. At this time there remains a lack of consensus for a specific microbial profile that is associated with peri‐implantitis, suggesting that there may be other factors which influence the microbiome such as titanium surface dissolution. Therapeutic interventions to address the biofilm are presented at the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative stages. Evidence supports that perioperative chlorhexidine reduces biofilm‐related implant complications and failure. Regular maintenance for dental implants is also shown to reduce peri‐implant mucositis and implant failure. Maintenance procedures should aim to disrupt the biofilm without damaging the titanium dioxide surface layer in an effort to prevent further oxidation. Evidence supports the use of glycine powder air polishing as a valuable adjunct to conventional therapies for use at implant maintenance visits. For the treatment of peri‐implantitis, nonsurgical therapy has not been shown to be effective, and while surgical intervention is not always predictable, it has been shown to be superior to nonsurgical treatment for decontamination of the implant surface that is not covered by bone.
Arabidopsis histone deacetylase HDA15 directly represses plant response to elevated ambient temperature
Authors: Shen Yuan , Lei Tingting , Cui Xiaoyun , Liu Xiaoyun , Zhou Shaoli , Zheng Yu , Guérard Florence , Issakidis‐Bourguet Emmanuelle , Zhou Dao‐Xiu 
Published: August 2019

SummaryElevated ambient temperatures affect plant growth and substantially impact biomass and crop yield. Recent results have indicated that chromatin remodelling is critical in plant thermal responses but how histone modification dynamics affects plant thermal response has not been clearly demonstarted. Here we show that Arabidopsis histone deacetylase genes HDA9, HDA15 and HDA19 play distinct roles in plant response to elevated ambient temperature. hda9 and hda19 mutants showed a warm‐temperature‐insensitive phenotype at 27°C, whereas hda15 plants displayed a constitutive warm‐temperature‐induced phenotype at 20°C and an enhanced thermal response at 27°C. The hda19 mutation led to upregulation of genes mostly related to stress response at both 20 and 27°C. The hda15 mutation resulted in upregulation of many warm temperature‐responsive as well as metabolic genes at 20 and 27°C, while hda9 led to differential expression of a large number of genes at 20°C and impaired induction of warm‐temperature‐responsive genes at 27°C. HDA15 is associated with thermosensory mark genes at 20°C and that the association is decreased after shifting to 27°C, indicating that HDA15 is a direct repressor of plant thermal‐responsive genes at normal temperature. In addition, as hda9, the hda15 mutation also led to upregulation of many metabolic genes and accumulation of primary metabolites. Furthermore, we show that HDA15 interacts with the transcription factor HFR1 (long Hypocotyl in Far Red1) to cooperatively repress warm‐temperature response. Our study demonstrates that the histone deacetylases target to different sets of genes and play distinct roles in plant response to elevated ambient temperature.
Biosynthesis of the anti‐diabetic metabolite montbretin A: glucosylation of the central intermediate mini‐MbA
Authors: Irmisch Sandra , Jancsik Sharon , Yuen Macaire M. S. , Madilao Lufiani L. , Bohlmann Jörg 
Published: August 2019

SummaryType 2 diabetes (T2D) affects over 320 million people worldwide. Healthy lifestyles, improved drugs and effective nutraceuticals are different components of a response against the growing T2D epidemic. The specialized metabolite montbretin A (MbA) is being developed for treatment of T2D and obesity due to its unique pharmacological activity as a highly effective and selective inhibitor of the human pancreatic α‐amylase. MbA is an acylated flavonol glycoside found in small amounts in montbretia (Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora) corms. MbA cannot be obtained in sufficient quantities for drug development from its natural source or by chemical synthesis. To overcome these limitations through metabolic engineering, we are investigating the genes and enzymes of MbA biosynthesis. We previously reported the first three steps of MbA biosynthesis from myricetin to myricetin 3‐O‐(6′‐O‐caffeoyl)‐glucosyl rhamnoside (mini‐MbA). Here, we describe the sequence of reactions from mini‐MbA to MbA, and the discovery and characterization of the gene and enzyme responsible for the glucosylation of mini‐MbA. The UDP‐dependent glucosyltransferase CcUGT3 (UGT703E1) catalyzes the 1,2‐glucosylation of mini‐MbA to produce myricetin 3‐O‐(glucosyl‐6′‐O‐caffeoyl)‐glucosyl rhamnoside. Co‐expression of CcUGT3 with genes for myricetin and mini‐MbA biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana validated its biological function and expanded the set of genes available for metabolic engineering of MbA.
Non‐specific phospholipases C, NPC2 and NPC6, are required for root growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ngo Anh H. , Kanehara Kazue , Nakamura Yuki 
Published: August 2019

SummaryMutants in lipid metabolism often show a lethal phenotype during reproduction that prevents investigating a specific role of the lipid during different developmental processes. We focused on two non‐specific phospholipases C, NPC2 and NPC6, whose double knock‐out causes a gametophyte‐lethal phenotype. To investigate the role of NPC2 and NPC6 during vegetative growth, we produced transgenic knock‐down mutant lines that circumvent the lethal effect during gametogenesis. Despite no defect observed in leaves, root growth was significantly retarded, with abnormal cellular architecture in root columella cells. Furthermore, the short root phenotype was rescued by exogenous supplementation of phosphocholine, a product of non‐specific phospholipase C (NPC) ‐catalyzed phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. The expression of phospho‐base N‐methyltransferase 1 (PMT1), which produces phosphocholine and is required for root growth, was induced in the knock‐down mutant lines and was attenuated after phosphocholine supplementation. These results suggest that NPC2 and NPC6 may be involved in root growth by producing phosphocholine via metabolic interaction with a PMT‐catalyzed pathway, which highlights a tissue‐specific role of NPC enzymes in vegetative growth beyond the gametophyte‐lethal phenotype.
Evaluation of a routine hematology analyzer for quality control of leukoreduced plasma
Authors: Petersson Annika , Ekblom Kim 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUNDQuality control of residual white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs) in leukoreduced plasma is mandatory. Although technological advances have been made, analysis of quality controls using routine hematology analyzers has not generally been introduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the routine hematology analyzer Sysmex XN‐10, (Sysmex Nordic ApS) could be used for quality control of residual WBCs and RBCs in leukoreduced plasma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSLinearity, accuracy, and precision were established for two Sysmex XN‐10 analyzers using spiked donor plasma. ADAM rWBC (NanoEnTek) and manual counting in the Bürker chamber (NanoEnTek) were reference methods for WBCs and RBCs, respectively. Twenty‐five consecutive leukoreduced donor plasma samples were also tested.RESULTSFor WBCs, the linearity criteria were met for the ADAM rWBC, but not for the Sysmex XN‐10 instruments. Precision on both Sysmex XN‐10 instruments was accurate only at 6 cells/μL, and accuracy was consistently acceptable only at 5 to 6 cells/μL. The precision and accuracy of the ADAM rWBC were acceptable at 2 to 6 cells/μL.For RBCs, both Sysmex XN‐10 instruments and manual counting in the Bürker chamber were linear and fulfilled the precision criteria. Accuracy was acceptable for both Sysmex instruments at 6 to 12 × 109 WBCs/L but fluctuated within the study's measuring range for the Bürker chamber.No false‐positive results were seen in the 25 consecutive donor plasma samples tested.CONCLUSIONFor quality control purposes of leukoreduced plasma, the Sysmex XN‐10 analyzer is suitable for the enumeration of residual RBCs but not of residual WBCs.
Acute Zika virus infection in an asymptomatic blood donor at the onset of the Puerto Rico epidemic
Authors: Saa Paula , Chiu Charles , Grimm Kacie , Yu Guixia , Benjamin Richard J. , Corash Laurence , Stramer Susan L. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUNDZika virus (ZIKV) spread to Puerto Rico likely originated from southeastern Brazil approximately 8.5 months earlier than blood donation screening for ZIKV was initiated, but the time of ZIKV introduction in the blood donor population remains unknown.METHODSTo better understand when arboviral infections first appeared in the blood donor pool in Puerto Rico, we retrospectively screened for ZIKV RNA (as well as chikungunya [CHIKV] and dengue [DENV] viral RNA) a repository of 1186 linked blood donor and recipient samples collected from February 2015 to May 2016 as an endpoint efficacy measure following the introduction of platelet pathogen reduction (PR). Phylogenetic analysis identified relatedness of donor strain to other circulating strains, and molecular clock analysis identified the estimated time of introduction.RESULTSAn asymptomatic donor collected in December 2015 was ZIKV RNA confirmed positive, 4 months BEFORE investigational nucleic acid testing (NAT) implementation in April 2016, coincident and related to the first reported autochthonous cases. No CHIKV RNA or DENV RNA reactives were identified in donors or recipients, and no adverse events were reported from PR use in recipients. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the molecular relatedness of the donor ZIKV strain to the Puerto Rico lineage likely introduced approximately 4.5 months earlier.CONCLUSIONThis study identified an asymptomatic ZIKV infection in a blood donor occurring before those previously recognized by blood donation screening. NAT and PR continue to be used as acceptable strategies to prevent transfusion‐transmitted arboviral infections worldwide; however, repeated arboviral outbreaks warrant consideration of PR as a more proactive approach.
Examination of the relationship between the exploitation of geothermal sources and regional economies: a Beijing case study
Authors: Jiang Yong , Lei Yalin , Liu Jing , Li Li 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRapid urbanization has resulted in severe demands on water, heat and energy resources, which threaten the sustainability of the urban economy and environment. Geothermal energy is one of the cleanest sources of energy, and it plays an important role in the sustainability of the regional economy and environment. This paper employs the vector autoregressive (VAR) model to assess the effects of water, heat and energy consumption on geothermal adoption and the interactions among these factors. Beijing is chosen as a case study to investigate the water–heat–energy nexus and examination of the relationship between geothermal adoption and the regional economy. The results reveal that water consumption has mainly affected geothermal adoption. Water consumption and energy consumption have negative effects on geothermal adoption, while the centralized heat supply has a positive effect on geothermal adoption. This paper also adopts a gear model and coupling coordination degrees to investigate the relationship between geothermal adoption and the regional economy. The rates of geothermal adoption and the regional economy vary, but they are in a good state of coupling coordination. In addition, the coupling coordination of geothermal adoption and the regional economy has the potential to improve.
Auxiliary xenotransplantation as an in vivo bioreactor—Development of a transplantable liver graft from a tiny partial liver
Authors: Masano Yuki , Yagi Shintaro , Miyachi Yosuke , Okumura Shinya , Kaido Toshimi , Haga Hironori , Kobayashi Eiji , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe established a completely novel method of auxiliary xenogeneic partial liver transplantation and examined whether liver grafts procured from Syrian hamsters regenerated in nude rats, which were used as in vivo bioreactors.MethodsThe hamsters and the rats were all males (n = 10). Partial liver grafts from hamsters were transplanted into nude rats in an auxiliary manner. We evaluated liver graft injury, rejection, and regeneration during 7 days after auxiliary xenogeneic partial liver transplantation.ResultsAll rats survived until sacrifice on post‐operative day (POD) 1, 3, and 7. HE‐staining showed normal at POD1, mild periportal edema, and slight bile duct and venous endothelial inflammation at POD3, and moderate acute cellular rejection at POD7 without parenchymal necrosis. The liver regeneration rates at POD3 and 7 were 1.54 ± 0.23 and 2.54 ± 0.43, respectively. The Ki‐67 labeling index was also elevated at POD3 (27.5 ± 4.1%). Serum HGF and VEGF were elevated at POD1 and 3. ATP levels of liver grafts recovered at POD7.ConclusionsThese results revealed that with appropriate immunosuppressive therapy, partial liver graft regeneration occurred in a xenogeneic animal, which suggests liver grafts regenerated in xenogeneic environments, such as an in vivo bioreactor, have potential to be transplantable liver grafts for humans.