bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny, Evidence for a Cryptic Plastid, and Distribution of Chytriodinium Parasites (Dinophyceae) Infecting Copepods
Authors: Strassert Jürgen F.H. , Hehenberger Elisabeth , del Campo Javier , Okamoto Noriko , Kolisko Martin , Richards Thomas A. , Worden Alexandra Z. , Santoro Alyson E. , Keeling Patrick J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpores of the dinoflagellate Chytriodinium are known to infest copepod eggs causing their lethality. Despite the potential to control the population of such an ecologically important host, knowledge about Chytriodinium parasites is limited: we know little about phylogeny, parasitism, abundance, or geographical distribution. We carried out genome sequence surveys on four manually isolated sporocytes from the same sporangium, which seemed to be attached to a copepod nauplius, to analyze the phylogenetic position of Chytriodinium based on SSU and concatenated SSU/LSU rRNA gene sequences, and also characterize two genes related to the plastidial heme pathway, hemL and hemY. The results suggest the presence of a cryptic plastid in Chytriodinium and a photosynthetic ancestral state of the parasitic Chytriodinium/Dissodinium clade. Finally, by mapping Tara Oceans V9 SSU amplicon data to the recovered SSU rRNA gene sequences from the sporocytes, we show that globally, Chytriodinium parasites are most abundant within the pico/nano‐ and mesoplankton of the surface ocean and almost absent within microplankton, a distribution indicating that they generally exist either as free‐living spores or host‐associated sporangia.
Mild Cognitive Impairment that Does Not Progress to Dementia: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Ganguli Mary , Jia Yichen , Hughes Tiffany F. , Snitz Beth E. , Chang Chung‐Chou H. , Berman Sarah B. , Sullivan Kevin J. , Kamboh M. Ilyas 
Published: November 2018

Background/ObjectiveIn population studies, most individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) do not progress to dementia in the near term, but rather remain stable MCI or revert to normal cognition. Here, we characterized MCI subgroups with different outcomes over 5 years.Setting/ParticipantsA population‐based cohort (N=1603).MeasurementsClinical Dementia Rating (CDR); self‐reported medical conditions, subjective cognitive concerns, self‐rated health, depressive symptoms, blood pressure, medications, blood pressure, APOE genotype, cognitive domain composite scores.DesignWe compared 3 MCI subgroups who progressed to dementia (n=86), stabilized at MCI (n=384), or reverted to normal (n=252), to those who remained consistently normal (n=881), defining MCI as CDR = 0.5 and dementia as CDR≥1. Using multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for demographics, we examined the associations of each group with selected baseline characteristics.ResultsWith the normal group for reference, worse subjective cognitive concerns, functional impairments, self‐rated health, and depressive symptoms were associated with being in any MCI group. Taking more prescription medications was associated with being in the stable MCI and reverter groups; diabetes and low diastolic blood pressure were associated with stable MCI. The APOE4 genotype was associated with stable and progressive MCI; stroke was associated with progressive MCI. All MCI subgroups were likely to have lower mean composite scores in all cognitive domains and more operationally defined impairments in attention, language, and executive function; reverters were more likely to lack memory and visuospatial impairments.ConclusionsMCI subgroups with different 5‐year outcomes had some distinct characteristics suggesting different underlying causes. The progressors, unlike the reverters, had a profile broadly typical of Alzheimer's disease; the stable MCIs had other, including vascular, morbidity. These data shed light on the heterogeneity of MCI in the population. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:232–238, 2019.
Effects of exercise training and follow‐up calls at home on physical activity and quality of life after a mastectomy
Authors: Nemli Asli , Tekinsoy Kartin Pinar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo determine the effects of exercise training that was supported with follow‐up calls at home on the postoperative level of physical activity and quality of life of women with breast cancer.MethodsThe study was carried out with a quasi‐experimental design. Women who had underwent an axillary dissection and mastectomy and who were receiving ongoing chemotherapy treatment in the ambulatory unit of a university hospital were included in the study. Sixty‐two women were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 31) or a control (n = 31) group. The women in the intervention group were given exercise training and then they were followed up by phone calls at home for 12 weeks in order to ensure the continuity of the exercises.ResultsAt the end of the study, the number of “very active” individuals and the “total physical activity level” increased significantly in the intervention group but decreased significantly in the control group. In the intervention group, “future healthy function” in the functional area subscale significantly increased but “systematic therapy side‐effects,” “breast symptoms,” and “arm symptoms” in the symptom subscale increased significantly.ConclusionExercise training that is supported with home follow‐up calls after surgery increases the level of physical activity, which then favorably relates with a good quality of life of women with breast cancer.
Outcomes of Meaningful Work: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Allan Blake A. , Batz-Barbarich Cassondra , Sterling Haley M. , Tay Louis 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUsing job characteristics theory as a framework, we calculated meta‐analytic effect sizes between meaningful work and various outcomes and tested a mediated model of meaningful work predicting proximal and distal outcomes with meta‐analytic structural equation modelling (MASEM). From 44 articles (N = 23,144), we found that meaningful work had large correlations (r = 0.70+) with work engagement, commitment, and job satisfaction; moderate to large correlations (r = 0.44 to −0.49) with life satisfaction, life meaning, general health, and withdrawal intentions; and small to moderate correlations (r = −0.19 to 0.33) with organizational citizenship behaviours, self‐rated job performance, and negative affect. The best MASEM fitting model was meaningful work predicting work engagement, commitment, and job satisfaction and these variables subsequently predicting self‐rated performance, organizational citizenship behaviours, and withdrawal intentions. This meta‐analysis provides estimated effect sizes between meaningful work and its outcomes and reveals how meaningful work relates directly and indirectly to key outcomes.
Effect and Process Evaluation of a Structural Health Intervention in Community Residences for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Elinder Liselotte S. , Sundblom Elinor , Zeebari Zangin , Bergström Helena 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInterventions to improve health among adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) living in community residences are needed as unhealthy behaviors, obesity, and chronic diseases are more common in this group than in the general population. This study evaluated effectiveness of a structural health intervention, a study circle for paid carers aiming to improve health promotion work routines for residents, and explored barriers and facilitators in the implementation process. A quasi‐experimental design was used. Eight municipalities with 84 community residences agreed to participate with 70 of these completing the study. A 26‐item questionnaire was used regarding staff work routines in three domains (general health promotion, food and meals, physical activity) and a total score to evaluate effectiveness. An inductive qualitative method was used to explore barriers and facilitators in the implementation process. The intervention group (n = 42 residences) improved their health promoting work routines significantly more than the comparison group (n = 28 residences) in the domains of general health promotion (p = .05), physical activity (p = .02), and for the total score (p = .002), but no significant change was found in the food and meal domain (p = .11). Regarding barriers and facilitators in the implementation process, a “Need for a supportive structure and key persons with a mandate to act,” was identified as an overarching theme. Barriers and facilitators were identified within four categories: (1) characteristics of the study circle, (2) staff capacity, (3) organizational capacity, and (4) external support. This study provides evidence that a structural intervention targeting staff in community residences for people with ID can improve health promoting work routines and that the results might be generalizable. If disseminated on a wider scale, this intervention has the potential of improving health and preventing obesity and other chronic diseases in adults with ID.
Putatively adaptive genetic variation in the giant California sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus) as revealed by environmental association analysis of restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing data
Authors: Xuereb Amanda , Kimber Christopher M. , Curtis Janelle M. R. , Bernatchez Louis , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial scale of local adaptation and the factors associated with adaptive diversity are important objectives for ecology and evolutionary biology, and have significant implications for effective conservation and management of wild populations and natural resources. In this study, we used an environmental association analysis to identify important bioclimatic variables correlated with putatively adaptive genetic variation in a benthic marine invertebrate—the giant California sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus)—spanning coastal British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. We used a redundancy analysis (RDA) with 3,699 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained using RAD sequencing to detect candidate markers associated with 11 bioclimatic variables, including sea bottom and surface conditions, across two spatial scales (entire study area and within subregions). At the broadest scale, RDA revealed 59 candidate SNPs, 86% of which were associated with mean bottom temperature. Similar patterns were identified when population structure was accounted for. Additive polygenic scores, which provide a measure of the cumulative signal across all candidate SNPs, were strongly correlated with mean bottom temperature, consistent with spatially varying selection across a thermal gradient. At a finer scale, 23 candidate SNPs were detected, primarily associated with surface salinity (26%) and bottom current velocity (17%). Our findings suggest that environmental variables may play a role as drivers of spatially varying selection forP. californicus. These results provide context for future studies to evaluate the genetic basis of local adaptation inP. californicusand help inform the relevant scales and environmental variables for in situ field studies of putative adaptive variation in marine invertebrates.
MoImd4 mediates crosstalk between MoPdeH‐cAMP signalling and purine metabolism to govern growth and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Yang Lina , Ru Yanyan , Cai Xingjia , Yin Ziyi , Liu Xinyu , Xiao Yuhan , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Xiaobo , Wang Ping , Zhang Zhengguang 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe high‐affinity cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase MoPdeH is important not only for cAMP signalling and pathogenicity, but also for cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. To explore the underlying mechanism, we identified MoImd4 as an inosine‐5′‐monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) homologue that interacts with MoPdeH. Targeted deletion of MoIMD4 resulted in reduced de novo purine biosynthesis and growth, as well as attenuated pathogenicity, which were suppressed by exogenous xanthosine monophosphate (XMP). Treatment with mycophenolic acid (MPA), which specifically inhibits MoImd4 activity, resulted in reduced growth and virulence attenuation. Intriguingly, further analysis showed that MoImd4 promotes the phosphodiesterase activity of MoPdeH, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels, and MoPdeH also promotes the IMPDH activity of MoImd4. Our studies revealed the presence of a novel crosstalk between cAMP regulation and purine biosynthesis in M. oryzae, and indicated that such a link is also important in the pathogenesis of M. oryzae.
Nursing perspectives on Integral Theory in nursing practice and education: An interpretive descriptive study
Authors: Shea Linda , Reimer‐Kirkham Sheryl , Cavan Frisch Noreen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhile for decades nursing has advocated for theory‐informed practice, more recent attention has tended to focus on mid‐range theory rather than the earlier focus on developing grand theory to encompass all of nursing practice. However, there has been continued interest in the holistic nursing community on grand theory and, in particular, on Integral Theory. Although Integral Theory's four‐quadrant (AQAL) perspective is familiar in nursing, little is known about how it is being used by nurses in direct practice. The purpose of this interpretive descriptive study was to provide a practice‐based perspective on Ken Wilber's Integral Theory in professional nursing practice. The following research question was investigated: How does Integral Theory assist nurses in describing and understanding their professional work? Nurses participating in this study used Integral Theory as a map or heuristic that gave structure to an inquiry process in professional nursing practice and in nursing education in a manner that was holonic, multiperspectival, and self‐reflective. Challenges constraining nurses’ use of Integral Theory included its intricacy, as well as contextual factors in practice environments. Implications for nursing practice and education for the use of Integral Theory's meta‐framework are described.
Invisible cornerstones. A hermeneutic study of the experience of care partners of older people with mental health problems in home care services
Authors: Anker‐Hansen Camilla , Skovdahl Kirsti , McCormack Brendan , Tønnessen Siri 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the lived experiences and support needs of the care partners of older people with mental health problems living at home with assistance from home care services. Care partners face significant challenges in their care role and they often feel unsupported. An understanding of their experiences may help improve home care to support their needs.MethodAn exploratory qualitative approach was used. The study is based on the SRQR and COREQ reporting guidelines. In‐depth interviews were conducted with six Norwegian care partners from two municipalities. Data were collected during 2012–2013 and 2016. The data were analysed using Gadamer's hermeneutics.ResultsThree themes were identified: “invisible cornerstones,” “dimensions of collaboration” and “unwanted roles.”ConclusionFew or no routines for collaboration exist between care partners and home care, and the care partners seem to have little knowledge of legal rights. They request more information, spare time and the opportunity to remain in their original family role. However, their main focus is for the patient to receive the necessary help from home care. Home care have restricted resources for meeting these needs and share a sense of powerlessness and lack of influence over their own everyday life with the care partners. There is a need for a systematic, person‐centred approach to collaboration. A correlation is necessary between what is communicated at the system level and the means of realising this in practice for home care to meet care partners' needs.
Sulfate is transported at significant rates through the symbiosome membrane and is crucial for nitrogenase biosynthesis
Authors: Schneider Sebastian , Schintlmeister Arno , Becana Manuel , Wagner Michael , Woebken Dagmar , Wienkoop Stefanie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLegume–rhizobia symbioses play a major role in food production for an ever growing human population. In this symbiosis, dinitrogen is reduced (“fixed”) to ammonia by the rhizobial nitrogenase enzyme complex and is secreted to the plant host cells, whereas dicarboxylic acids derived from photosynthetically produced sucrose are transported into the symbiosomes and serve as respiratory substrates for the bacteroids. The symbiosome membrane contains high levels of SST1 protein, a sulfate transporter. Sulfate is an essential nutrient for all living organisms, but its importance for symbiotic nitrogen fixation and nodule metabolism has long been underestimated. Using chemical imaging, we demonstrate that the bacteroids take up 20‐fold more sulfate than the nodule host cells. Furthermore, we show that nitrogenase biosynthesis relies on high levels of imported sulfate, making sulfur as essential as carbon for the regulation and functioning of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Our findings thus establish the importance of sulfate and its active transport for the plant–microbe interaction that is most relevant for agriculture and soil fertility.
Gas exchange and water‐use efficiency in plant canopies
Authors: Cernusak L. A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this review, I first address the basics of gas exchange, water‐use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in C3 plant canopies. I then present a case study of water‐use efficiency in northern Australian tree species. In general, C3 plants face a trade‐off whereby increasing stomatal conductance for a given set of conditions will result in a higher CO2 assimilation rate, but a lower photosynthetic water‐use efficiency. A common garden experiment suggested that tree species which are able to establish and grow in drier parts of northern Australia have a capacity to use water rapidly when it is available through high stomatal conductance, but that they do so at the expense of low water‐use efficiency. This may explain why community‐level carbon isotope discrimination does not decrease as steeply with decreasing rainfall on the North Australian Tropical Transect as has been observed on some other precipitation gradients. Next, I discuss changes in water‐use efficiency that take place during leaf expansion in C3 plant leaves. Leaf phenology has recently been recognised as a significant driver of canopy gas exchange in evergreen forest canopies, and leaf expansion involves changes in both photosynthetic capacity and water‐use efficiency. Following this, I discuss the role of woody tissue respiration in canopy gas exchange and how photosynthetic refixation of respired CO2 can increase whole‐plant water‐use efficiency. Finally, I discuss the role of water‐use efficiency in driving terrestrial plant responses to global change, especially the rising concentration of atmospheric CO2. In coming decades, increases in plant water‐use efficiency caused by rising CO2 are likely to partially mitigate impacts on plants of drought stress caused by global warming.
Automatic physical activity and in‐vehicle status classification based on GPS and accelerometer data: A hierarchical classification approach using machine learning techniques
Authors: Lee Kangjae , Kwan Mei‐Po 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDue to the advancement of tracking technology, a large quantity of movement data has been collected and analyzed in various research domains. In human mobility and physical activity (PA) research, GPS trajectories and the capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS) facilitate a better understanding of the associations between PA and various environmental factors taking individuals’ daily travels into account. PA research, however, needs to widen its focus from the intensity of PA to types of PA, which may provide useful clues for understanding specific health behaviors in particular geographic contexts. This study proposes and develops an algorithm to automatically classify PA types and in‐vehicle status using GPS and accelerometer data. Walking, standing, jogging, biking and sedentary/in‐vehicle statuses are identified through hierarchical classification processes based on machine learning and geospatial techniques. The proposed algorithm achieved high predictive accuracy on real‐world GPS and accelerometer data. It can greatly reduce participants’ and researchers’ burdens by automatically identifying PA types and in‐vehicle status for human mobility research, which is also known as travel mode imputation in transportation research.
A Förster resonance energy transfer sensor for live‐cell imaging of mitogen‐activated protein kinase activity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zaman Najia , Seitz Kati , Kabir Mohiuddin , George‐Schreder Lauren St. , Shepstone Ian , Liu Yidong , Zhang Shuqun , Krysan Patrick J. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe catalytic activity of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is dynamically modified in plants. Since MAPKs have been shown to play important roles in a wide range of signaling pathways, the ability to monitor MAPK activity in living plant cells would be valuable. Here, we report the development of a genetically encoded MAPK activity sensor for use in Arabidopsis thaliana. The sensor is composed of yellow and blue fluorescent proteins, a phosphopeptide binding domain, a MAPK substrate domain and a flexible linker. Using in vitro testing, we demonstrated that phosphorylation causes an increase in the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency of the sensor. The FRET efficiency can therefore serve as a readout of kinase activity. We also produced transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing this sensor of MAPK activity (SOMA) and performed live‐cell imaging experiments using detached cotyledons. Treatment with NaCl, the synthetic flagellin peptide flg22 and chitin all led to rapid gains in FRET efficiency. Control lines expressing a version of SOMA in which the phosphosite was mutated to an alanine did not show any substantial changes in FRET. We also expressed the sensor in a conditional loss‐of‐function double‐mutant line for the Arabidopsis MAPK genes MPK3 and MPK6. These experiments demonstrated that MPK3/6 are necessary for the NaCl‐induced FRET gain of the sensor, while other MAPKs are probably contributing to the chitin and flg22‐induced increases in FRET. Taken together, our results suggest that SOMA is able to dynamically report MAPK activity in living plant cells.