bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life is significantly impaired in both secretory and non‐functioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Vega‐Beyhart Arturo , Enriquez‐Estrada Víctor M. , Bello‐Chavolla Omar Y. , Torres‐Victoria Tania R. , Martínez-Sánchez Froylan D. , López-Navarro Juan M. , Pérez-Guzmán Mireya C. , Hinojosa‐Amaya Jose M. , León‐Suárez Andrés , Espinoza‐Salazar Hector D. , Roldán‐Sarmiento Paola , Gómez-Sámano Miguel A. , Gómez-Pérez Francisco J. , Cuevas‐Ramos Daniel 
Published: December 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in patients with pituitary adenomas in comparison with healthy Mexican population QoL scores.Design & MeasurementsCross‐sectional study using the short form 36 questionnaire (SF‐36) in 175 patients with pituitary adenomas grouped by adenoma subtype and disease activity, and compared them with the healthy Mexican population normative QoL scores.PatientsA total of 44 patients with non‐functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA), 48 with acromegaly, 53 with prolactinomas and 30 with Cushing disease (CD) were enrolled in this study.ResultsMental and physical components scores (MCS & PCS) of SF‐36 questionnaire were lower in patients with active disease in all adenoma subtypes (P < 0.03). A significant negative relationship between prolactin levels and MCS (r = −0.30, P < 0.01) and PCS (r = −0.41, P < 0.01) were found in prolactinomas. Patients with CD showed 24 hours urine‐free cortisol levels negatively correlated with MCS (r = −0.43, P < 0.01) but not with PCS. No significant correlation was found between IGF‐1 ULN and QoL scores in acromegaly. NFPA patients had lower QoL scores than patients with controlled CD, acromegaly or prolactinoma (P < 0.02). Active CD and prolactinoma have lower QoL scores in comparison of NFPA (P < 0.05). Having an adenoma, secretory or non‐functioning, decrease QoL scores in comparison of results in the healthy Mexican population register. Using an adjusted‐multivariate model, we confirmed that disease activity in all secretory adenomas is an independent risk factor, reducing SF‐36 scores significantly.ConclusionActivity in all secretory pituitary adenomas’ patients decrease mental and physical QoL. However, independently of disease activity, secretory and NFPA significantly decrease QoL in comparison with healthy Mexican population QoL register.
Proximity to canopy mediates changes in the defensive chemistry and herbivore loads of an understory tropical shrub, Piper kelleyi
Authors: Glassmire Andrea E. , Philbin Casey , Richards Lora A. , Jeffrey Christopher S. , Snook Joshua S. , Dyer Lee A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhytochemical traits are a key component of plant defense theory. Chemical ecology has been biased towards studying effects of individual metabolites even though effective plant defenses are comprised of diverse mixtures of metabolites. We tested the phytochemical landscape hypothesis, positing that trophic interactions are contingent upon their spatial location across a phytochemically diverse landscape. Specifically, intraspecific phytochemical changes associated with vertical strata in forests were hypothesised to affect herbivore communities of the neotropical shrub Piper kelleyi Tepe (Piperaceae). Using a field experiment, we found that phytochemical diversity increased with canopy height, and higher levels of phytochemical diversity located near the canopy were characterised by tradeoffs between photoactive and non‐photoactive biosynthetic pathways. For understory plants closer to the ground, phytochemical diversity increased as direct light transmittance decreased, and these plants were characterised by up to 37% reductions in herbivory. Our results suggest that intraspecific phytochemical diversity structures herbivore communities across the landscape, affecting total herbivory.
Sex differences in 1‐year mortality risks in older patients experiencing a first acute heart failure hospitalization
Authors: Formiga Francesc , Moreno‐Gonzalez Rafael , Chivite David , Yun Sergi , Franco Jonathan , Ariza‐Solé Albert , Corbella Xavier 
Published: December 2018

AimTo assess whether 1‐year mortality in older patients experiencing a first admission for acute heart failure was related to sex, and to explore differential characteristics according to sex.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 1132 patients aged >70 years of age admitted within a 3‐year period because of a first episode of acute heart failure. We analyzed sex differences. Mortality was assessed using multivariate Cox analysis.ResultsThere were 648 (57.2%) women (mean age 82.1 years) and 484 men (mean age 80.1 years). There were some differences in risk factors: women more often had hypertension, and less frequently had coronary heart disease and comorbidities (women more often had dementia, and men more often had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease and stroke). Women were treated more frequently with spironolactone. The 1‐year all‐cause mortality rate was 30.2% (30.7% women and 29.5% men). Multivariate Cox analysis identified an association between reduced heart failure (hazard ratio [HR] 0.35, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.21–0.59), hemoglobin <10 g/dL (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.16–3.40), systolic blood pressure (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99), previous diagnosis of dementia (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.12–3.85), number of chronic therapies (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05–1.19) and 1‐year mortality in women. In men, an association with mortality was found for low systolic blood pressure (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.97–0.98) and higher potassium values (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.01–2.00).ConclusionsAmong older patients hospitalized for the first acute heart failure episode, there is a slightly higher predominance of women. There are sex differences in risk factors and comorbidities. Although the mortality rate is similar, the factors associated with it according to sex are different. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 184–188.
Illness Perception and Job Satisfaction in Patients Suffering from Migraine Headaches: Trait Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms as Potential Mediators
Authors: Rogante Elena , Sarubbi Salvatore , Lamis Dorian A. , Canzonetta Valeria , Sparagna Alice , De Angelis Valerio , Erbuto Denise , Martelletti Paolo , Pompili Maurizio 
Published: December 2018

Background and ObjectivesMigraine headache is the seventh leading cause of disability worldwide causing adverse outcomes in many aspects of an individual’s life. Many psychological aspects affect chronic migraine (CM): illness perception, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and job satisfaction. This observational study aimed to examine the association among illness perception, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and job satisfaction, connected to migraine and its features.MethodsNinety‐eight individuals with CM treated with OnabotulinumtoxinA were recruited from the Regional Referral Headache Centre of Sant’Andrea Hospital in Rome. They completed 4 questionnaires (Brief Illness Perception Quality of Life, Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory‐II) and a socio‐anamnestic form.ResultsThis cross‐sectional study examined 2 mediational models. The first one demonstrated an indirect mediating effect of trait anxiety on the association between illness perception and job satisfaction (ab = −0.217, 95% CI [−0.37, −0.09]). In the second model, depressive symptoms mediated the association between illness perception and job satisfaction (ab = −0.186, 95% CI [−0.33, −0.04]).ConclusionsIn our study, levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms showed a mediational effect on the association between illness perception and job fulfillment. It is important to develop interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of individuals with CM and to increase knowledge about headache and psychological consequences.
Systemic disruption of the homeostasis of transfer RNA isopentenyltransferase causes growth and development abnormalities in Bombyx mori
Authors: Chen Y. , Bai B. , Yan H. , Wen F. , Qin D. , Jander G. , Xia Q. , Wang G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIsopentenylation at A37 (i6A37) of some transfer RNAs (tRNAs) plays a vital role in regulating the efficiency and fidelity of protein synthesis. However, whether insects, which are well known for their highly efficient protein synthesis machinery, employ this regulatory mechanism remains uninvestigated. In the current study, a candidate tRNA isopentenyltransferase (IPT) gene with three alternative splicing isoforms (BmIPT1–BmIPT3) was identified in Bombyx mori (silkworm). Only BmIPT1 could complement a yeast mutant lacking tRNA IPT. Phylogenetic analysis showed that silkworm tRNA IPT is conserved in the Lepidoptera. BmIPT was expressed in all B. mori tissues and organs that were investigated, but was expressed at a significantly higher level in silk glands of the fourth instar compared to the first day of the fifth instar. Interestingly, BmIPT was expressed at a significantly higher level in the domesticated silkworm, B. mori, than in wild Bombyx mandarina in multiple tissues and organs. Knock‐down of BmIPT by RNA interference caused severe abnormalities in silk spinning and metamorphosis. Constitutive overexpression of BmIPT1 using a cytoplasmic actin 4 promoter in B. mori raised its messenger RNA level more than sixfold compared with nontransgenic insects and led to significant decreases in the body weight and cocoon shell ratio. Together, these results confirm the first functional tRNA IPT in insects and show that a suitable expression level of tRNA IPT is vital for silk spinning, normal growth, and metamorphosis. Thus, i6A modification at position A37 in tRNA probably plays an important role in B. mori protein synthesis.
Some Variants of Constrained Estimation in Finite Population Sampling
Authors: Ghosh Malay , Steorts Rebecca C. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis is a review article that unifies several important examples using constrained optimisation techniques. The basic tools are three simple mathematical optimisation results subject to certain constraints. Applications include calibration, benchmarking in small area estimation and imputation. A final illustration is constrained optimisation under a general divergence loss.
Parentage assignment with genotyping‐by‐sequencing data
Authors: Whalen Andrew , Gorjanc Gregor , Hickey John M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we evaluate using genotype‐by‐sequencing (GBS) data to perform parentage assignment in lieu of traditional array data. The use of GBS data raises two issues: First, for low‐coverage (e.g., <2×) GBS data, it may not be possible to call the genotype at many loci, a critical first step for detecting opposing homozygous markers. Second, the amount of sequencing coverage may vary across individuals, making it challenging to directly compare the likelihood scores between putative parents. To address these issues, we extend the probabilistic framework of Huisman (Molecular Ecology Resources, 2017, 17, 1009) and evaluate putative parents by comparing their (potentially noisy) genotypes to a series of proposal distributions. These distributions describe the expected genotype probabilities for the relatives of an individual. We assign putative parents as a parent if they are classified as a parent (as opposed to e.g., an unrelated individual), and if the assignment score passes a threshold. We evaluated this method on simulated data and found that (a) high‐coverage (>2×) GBS data performs similarly to array data and requires only a small number of markers to correctly assign parents and (b) low‐coverage GBS data (as low as 0.1×) can also be used, provided that it is obtained across a large number of markers. When analysing the low‐coverage GBS data, we also found a high number of false positives if the true parent is not contained within the list of candidate parents, but that this false positive rate can be greatly reduced by hand tuning the assignment threshold. We provide this parentage assignment method as a standalone program called AlphaAssign.
Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella recovered from a wet market in Thailand
Authors: Sripaurya Bussara , Ngasaman Ruttayaporn , Benjakul Soottawat , Vongkamjan Kitiya 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSalmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, which is often found on chicken meat and various sites in wet markets in Southeast Asia, thus requiring close monitoring for effective control measures. In this study, 130 samples from chicken meat, environment, and wastewater from three chicken meat stalls at a wet market were tested for Salmonella spp. For stall A, B, and C, 20 (44.4%), 8 (17.4%), and 9 (23.1%) samples were positive for Salmonella, respectively. In this study, Salmonella was often detected on working tables, scales, cutting board, knives, and bucket, suggesting important food contact equipment that typically links to the presence of Salmonella at local stalls or retails. This equipment should be emphasized for the improved control measures to minimize Salmonella contamination. Using the nine virulence genes (sipB, prgH, spaN, orgA, tolC, sitC, sifA, cdtB, and sopB, pattern IV (sifA and cdtB negative) was a predominant pattern. Most Salmonella isolates (n = 42) were resistant to tetracycline, but none showed resistance to ceftriaxone. Data suggest potential sources of Salmonella, including chicken and several environmental sites at a wet market. This could be of a public health concern as multiple patterns of virulence genes and multidrug resistance were observed.Practical applicationsSalmonella spp. are commonly found on chicken meat sold at a retail level and, commonly in Southeast Asia, at wet markets where chicken carcasses are processed. This could be a typical source of Salmonella contamination, thus requiring close monitoring for effective control measures. Information obtained from this study reported the distribution and characteristics regarding the presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance. This will help effective implementation for ensuring food safety at the wet markets. This is also a useful tool for market management to further minimize the spread of some Salmonella isolates shown to be multidrug resistance that is found in chicken and several environmental sites at a wet market.
“Toma‐La Ciudad”: Intersubjective Activism in Guadalajara's Streets and City Museum
Authors: Acosta Garcia Raul 
Published: December 2018

ResumenEn el otoño de 2013, una red de activistas en Guadalajara, México, montó una exhibición en un museo, realizó intervenciones en las calles de la ciudad, y organizó eventos para persuadir a los habitantes urbanos y a oficiales de gobierno a remediar los problemas de la metrópolis. En su mayoría miembros de la clase media, los activistas usaron el nombre “Toma‐la Ciudad” para alentar a la población de la ciudad a involucrarse en esfuerzos de la sociedad civil organizada que tendrían el potencial de remodelar Guadalajara. Con base en trabajo etnográfico entre grupos involucrados, este artículo presenta el concepto “activismo intersubjetivo” y lo utiliza como medio para analizar los usos y las referencias a las experiencias sensoriales de la ciudad. Al estimular respuestas empáticas hacia cómo otros viven la ciudad, los activistas buscaron reducir las desigualdades en México. También parecieron aprender lecciones de activistas que les precedieron, cuyas protestas violentas no alcanzaron las metas deseadas.
Hospitalised burns in children up to 16 years old: A 10‐year population‐based study in Australia
Authors: Seah Rebecca , Holland Andrew JA , Curtis Kate , Mitchell Rebecca 
Published: December 2018

AimGlobally, burns remain a significant public health issue that disproportionately affect young children. The current study examines the 10‐year epidemiological profile of burn hospitalisations, hospital treatment cost and health outcomes by age group for children ≤16 years in Australia.MethodsNational, population‐based, linked hospital and mortality data from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2012 were used to identify burn‐related hospitalisations. Age‐standardised hospitalisation rates and hospital treatment costs were estimated.ResultsThere were 25 098 children aged ≤16 years hospitalised after sustaining a burn. The age‐standardised hospitalisation rate was 54.4 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 53.7–55.1). Children aged 1–5 years had the highest burn hospitalisation rate (105.6 per 100 000; 95% CI: 103.8–107.3). The burn hospitalisation rate of infants <1 year declined by 3.1% per annum (95% CI: −4.84, −1.37, P < 0.001). Contact with heat and other substances, hot drinks, food, fats and cooking oils was the most common burn mechanism, and the home was the most common place of occurrence for children ≤10 years. Exposure to the ignition of highly flammable material was the most common burn mechanism for children aged 11–16 years. There were 7260 hospital readmissions within 28 days and 11 deaths within 30 days of the index burn hospitalisation. Total hospital treatment costs were estimated at $168 million.ConclusionsChildhood burns continue to account for a large proportion of hospitalised morbidity. To assist in reducing burn hospitalisations, the development, implementation and resourcing of national multi‐sectorial childhood injury prevention is needed in Australia.
Male patients with a higher frequency of nocturnal urinary episodes are more likely to benefit from alpha‐blocker therapy for bothersome nocturia
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Ling , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThis retrospective study investigated the therapeutic effects of alpha‐blockers on men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) to identify baseline variables that may predict therapeutic response in terms of nocturia improvement.MethodsThe study included 348 men with LUTS, including bothersome nocturia, treated with tamsulosin 0.4 mg at bedtime (h.s.) for 3 months. Responders were defined as patients with a decrease of ≥1 nocturia episodes/night after alpha‐blocker therapy. Nocturnal urinary frequency, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) voiding and storage scores, as well as the voiding to storage (V/S) ratio, prostate measurements, uroflowmetry, and post‐void residual were determined at baseline and 1 and 3 months after alpha‐blocker therapy.ResultsThe overall response rate was 44.8% (156/348). Nocturia improved in 60 patients (17.2%) reporting a reduction of ≥2 episodes/night and in 96 patients (27.6%) reporting a reduction of 1 episode/night. Total and storage IPSS scores, the IPSS V/S ratio and the number nocturia episodes were higher in responders than non‐responders. IPSS storage subscores and nocturia episodes were significantly greater, whereas IPSS V/S ratio and maximum flow rate (Qmax) were lower, in those with a reduction of ≥2 versus 1 episode/night. Multivariate analysis revealed that nocturia episodes and a lower V/S ratio were predictors of responders with an improvement of ≥2 episodes/night. The quality of life index improved significantly more in responders than non‐responders.ConclusionTamsulosin treatment (0.4 mg, h.s.) for 3 months not only improved voiding and storage symptoms, but also reduced nocturia episodes. Patients with more nocturia episodes may benefit more from alpha‐blocker treatment in terms of reducing the number of nocturia episodes.
Shocked quartz grains in the early Cambrian Vakkejokk Breccia, Sweden—Evidence of a marine impact
Authors: Alwmark Carl , Ormö Jens , Nielsen Arne T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHere we present a study of the abundance and orientation of planar deformation features (PDFs) in the Vakkejokk Breccia, a proposed lower Cambrian impact ejecta layer in the North‐Swedish Caledonides. The presence of PDFs is widely accepted as evidence for shock metamorphism associated with cosmic impact events and their presence confirms that the Vakkejokk Breccia is indeed the result of an impact. The breccia has previously been divided into four lithological subunits (from bottom to top), viz. lower polymict breccia (LPB), graded polymict breccia (GPB), top sandstone (TS), and top conglomerate (TC). Here we show that the LPB contains no shock metamorphic features, indicating that the material derives from just outside of the crater and represents low‐shock semi‐autochthonous bombarded strata. In the overlying, more fine‐grained GPB and TS, quartz grains with PDFs are relatively abundant (2–5% of the grain population), and with higher shock levels in the upper parts, suggesting that they have formed by reworking of more distal ejecta by resurge of water toward the crater in a marine setting. The absence of shocked quartz grains in the TC indicates that this unit represents later slumps associated with weathering and erosion of the protruding crater rim. Sparse shocked quartz grains (<0.2%) were also found in sandstone beds occurring at the same stratigraphic level as the Vakkejokk Breccia 15–20 km from the inferred crater site. It is currently unresolved whether the sandstone at these distal sites is related to the impact or just contains rare reworked quartz grains with PDFs.
Do lifestyle interventions during pregnancy have the potential to reduce long‐term postpartum weight retention? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Michel Sophie , Raab Roxana , Drabsch Theresa , Günther Julia , Stecher Lynne , Hauner Hans 
Published: December 2018

SummaryReducing postpartum weight retention is a promising strategy for addressing the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in women. This systematic review and meta‐analysis explored whether lifestyle interventions during pregnancy have the potential to reduce weight retention at 4 months postpartum and beyond. A search of five electronic databases for randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of weight‐related lifestyle interventions beginning in pregnancy on postpartum weight retention to standard prenatal care groups was performed. Postpartum weight retention data was synthesized in a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Data from 14 studies of 7116 participants showed that the intervention group retained statistically significant less weight than the control group (weighted mean difference: −0.73 kg, 95% CI: −1.32 to −0.14, P = 0.015). Subgroup analysis showed this effect to be largest in studies with follow‐ups from 4 to 6 months (weighted mean difference: −1.32 kg, 95% CI: −2.11 to −0.53, P = 0.001), but it remained significant until 12 months postpartum (weighted mean difference: −0.68 kg, 95% CI: −1.28 to −0.09, P = 0.023). In studies of women with a body mass index above 25.0 kg/m2, no significant intervention effect was observed. More high‐quality studies with a follow‐up beyond 12 months postpartum are needed.
Improvement of hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma with oral trametinib
Authors: Song Hannah , Dzuali Fiatsogbe , Chi Susan N. , Treat James R. , Huang Jennifer T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe report a child with a past medical history notable for congenital deafness, palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), and hypothalamic glioma who initiated a MEK inhibitor trametinib for cancer‐directed therapy at 11 years of age and was incidentally noted to have marked improvement in his PPK. Trametinib withdrawal led to worsening in the patient's PPK. We speculate that the patient's PPK improved because of trametinib, given the temporal relationship between trametinib therapy and PPK severity, observed both after introduction and withdrawal of trametinib therapy. The upregulation of MAPK signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of keratinocyte proliferation in at least some forms of PPK, given that downstream inhibition of MAPK signaling led to an improvement in the patient's PPK.