bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Hypertensive Retinopathy with different serum lipid parameters in patients of Essential Hypertension: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Adhikari Bishwa Nath , Gautam Pramod Sharma , Bekoju Binod , Basnet Sadhana , Bhandari Himlal 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Abnormalities in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels are recognized as major modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and essential hypertension and retinopathy. So this study was conducted to evaluate the role of dyslipidemia on development of retinopathy in hypertensive patients and to establish the association of parameters of serum lipid profile with hypertensive retinopathy.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ophthalmology Department among 135 patients in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NoMCTH), Biratnagar who were diagnosed with essential hypertension. Patients having diabetes mellitus, myopia, hazy ocular media and other posterior segment disorders were excluded from the study. The detailed ophthalmic examination was carried out in department of ophthalmology, NoMCTH, Biratnagar and all the study population were investigated for fasting serum lipid profile.
Result: Out of 135 patients with essential hypertension, 65.44% had retinopathy and remaining had no signs of retinopathy. Mean age of patients were 60.24 (±15.14) years. Although no gender preponderance was found with retinopathy but this study showed that hypertensive retinopathy increases significantly with increase in age and its incidence increases after the age of 60 years.
Conclusion: The duration of hypertension was found to be strongly associated with development of hypertensive retinopathy. The increase in all the lipid profile parameters (Serum TG, TC, and LDL and LDL:HDL) and the obesity were found to be strongly associated with retinopathy in hypertensive patients.
Level of Knowledge Regarding Water and Sanitation among Women of Biratnagar
Authors: Chaulagain Durga Devi , Parajuli Kamal Prasad 
Published: January 2019

Background: Clean and safe water is one of the basic needs of human beings. Inaccessibility to this and poor sanitation leads to various water borne diseases, gastro enteropathy and under nutrition. In Nepal, only 39% of total population have access to improved sanitation and 38.4% of people defecate in open airs. So the objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledgeand practices regarding safe drinking water and sanitation among women.
Materials and methods: A descript cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. A convenient sampling technique was used for sample collection. A self-designed structured questionnaire along with face to face interview was to evaluate the knowledge. Data were analysed by using descriptive as well as inferential statistics to find out association betweenlevels of knowledge of safe drinking water.
Result: The findings showed that among 75 participants, 44% had adequate knowledge, 45.3% had moderate knowledge and 10.7% had inadequate knowledge regarding safe water and sanitation. In this study most ofthe respondents,ie 45.3% had moderate knowledge.
Conclusion: The research findings concluded that most of the participants had moderate knowledge about safe drinkingwater and sanitation. Thus, the author feels community mass health education is required in this community to prevent water borne diseases.
PERSEPSI SUKU BOTI TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: Suminar Erna 
Published: January 2019

Absract: Boti Tribe is one of sub-tribe of Dawan as one of oldest tribe in Timor Island in East Nusa Tenggara. Boti Tribe divided into two, Inner Boti Tribe located in Boti Kingdom and lead by usif (king) and being Halaika follower, and Outer Boti Tribe, is followed Indonesian recognized religion. Boti Tribe have believe Uis Pah (Earth Ruler) and Uis Neno (Sky Ruler). Belief of Uis Pah become central point how Boti people see nature. Because of this, this research conducted to learn their perception to carry them into how to nurture the nature where they are live. Approach of this research using qualitative descriptive. With this model, research is expected to able uncover fact in the field from a number of events and phenomenon. This research is able to give interpretation of perception in society and reality that happened also connection between them. Along with changing times, Boti Tribe survives in primitive believe and uphold their customs strictly to treat and worship nature. For them, nature is embodiment of God itself.Keywords: Halaika, Boti Tribe, Environment Abstrak: Suku Boti adalah salah satu suku dari sub Suku Dawan sebagai suku tertua di Pulau Timor di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Suku Boti terbagi menjadi dua, yakni Suku Boti Dalam yang berada di wilayah kerajaan Boti dan dipimpin oleh seorang usif (raja) dan menjadi penganut Halaika, dan Suku Boti luar, yang sudah memiliki agama resmi. Suku Boti percaya pada Uis Pah (Penguasa Bumi) dan Uis Neno (Penguasa Langit). Kepercayaan pada Uis Pah menjadi titik sentral dalam masyarakat Boti memandang alam. Atas dasar ini, penelititian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi mereka kemudian membawa pada perilaku dalam memelihara lingkungan hidup di mana mereka berada. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Dengan model penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat mengungkapkan fakta yang terjadi di lapangan dari sejumlah kejadian dan fenomena-fenomena yang ada. Penelitian ini juga memberi tafsiran atas persepsi dalam sebuah masyarakat dan kenyataan yang terjadi serta hubungan di antaranya. Seiring dengan zaman yang terus berubah, Suku Boti terus bertahan dalam kepercayaan primitif, dan menjunjung luhur adat istiadat secara ketat dalam memperlakukan dan memuja alam. Karena bagi mereka, alam adalah perwujudan dari ‘Tuhan’ itu sendiri. Kata Kunci: Halaika, Suku Boti, Lingkungan Hidup
Pertumbuhan tiga jenis ikan dan kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) yang dipelihara dengan sistem akuaponik
Authors: Hasan Zahidah , Andriani Y. , Dhahiyat Y. , Sahidin A. , Rubiansyah M. R. 
Published: January 2019

This study aims to determine the growth of fish (Nile tilapia, North African catfish, and goldfish) which cultured along with water spinach in aquaponics system. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Aquaculture, Ciparanje, Facul-ty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University from February to April 2016. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates. Treatment A: positive control, water spinach grown on soil and compost fertilizer, Treatment B: negative control, water spinach grown on soil without compost fertilizer, treatment C: aquaponics Nile tilapia and water spinach, Treatment D: aquaponics North African catfish and water spinach, and treatment E: aquaponics goldfish and water spinach. The measured parameters in this study were fish growth and water spinach growth include stem height, number of leaves, biomass as well as water quality included nitrates, ammonia and phosphates. The results showed that the highest fish growth, obtained in combination of catfish and water spinach with growth of 7.8±1.18 grams and the highest water spinach growth obtain in koi cultured with water spinach with average biomass 30.40±5.59 grams. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pertumbuhan tiga jenis ikan (lele, nila, dan koi) yang dipelihara bersama de-ngan kangkung darat dalam sistem akuaponik. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Budi daya Perikanan, Ciparanje, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Februari hingga April 2016. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perla-kuan dan diulang empat kali. Perlakuan A: kontrol positif, tanaman kangkung darat ditanam menggunakan tanah dan pupuk kompos; perlakuan B: kontrol negatif, tanaman kangkung darat ditanam menggunakan tanah tanpa menggunakan pupuk kompos; perlakuan C: akuaponik dengan ikan nila dan tanaman kangkung darat; perlakuan D: akuaponik dengan ikan lele dan tanaman kangkung darat, dan perlakuan E: ikan koi dan tanaman kangkung darat. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah pertumbuhan bobot ikan, dan pertumbuhan kangkung yang meliputi tinggi batang, jumlah daun, dan biomassa panen serta kualitas air yang mencakup nitrat, ammonia, dan fosfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan bobot ikan tertinggi diperoleh pada kombinasi lele dan kangkung darat dengan pertumbuhan sebe-sar 7,8±1,18 g dan pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung tertinggi diperoleh pada pemeliharaan bersama koi yang mengha-silkan biomassa sebesar 30,40±5,59 g.
Efektivitas ikan pelangi arfak, Melanotaenia arfakensis, Allen 1990 dalam mencari makan pada tingkat kekeruhan air yang berbeda: suatu pendekatan laboratorium
Authors: Manangkalangi Emmanuel , Rahardjo M. F. , Hadiaty Renny K. , Hariyadi Sigid 
Published: January 2019

The research on feeding effectivity of arfak rainbowfish conducted at Fisheries Laboratory, Faculty of Fishes and Marine Scince, University of Papua in July to December 2016. The purpose of this research is to describe feeding effectivity of the fish at several levels of water turbidity. The fish samples used in the treatment, collected from Nimbai Stream, Prafi River system, Manokwari were acclimatized for a month in the laboratory. The fish were selected based on the body length and categorized into six size classes. Each individual of the fish was treated with 200 individuals of mosquito larvae (instar IV stage) at seven turbidity levels (2.54, 25.07, 50.52, 100.20, 500.60, and 800.40 Nephelome-tric Turbidity Unit, NTU) using particles with size of <63um. Feeding effectivity was indicated by the level of preda-tion in a period of 15 minutes. The results of the research showed that average level of predation did not differ among size classes at the low level of turbidity (<50,52 NTU). The significant decrease in the average level of predation occurred at the higher level of turbidity (<100,12 NTU) with the values range from 23.2% to 65.9%. This indicated a decrease in the feeding effectivity as the turbidity levels increase. AbstrakPenelitian efektivitas ikan pelangi arfak dalam mencari makan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perikanan FPIK Univer-sitas Papua pada bulan Juli sampai Desember 2016. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas ikan pela-ngi arfak mencari makan pada beberapa tingkat kekeruhan air. Contoh ikan yang digunakan dalam perlakuan dikoleksi dari Sungai Nimbai, sistem Sungai Prafi, Manokwari yang diaklimatisasi selama satu bulan di laboratorium. Individu ikan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dipilih berdasarkan panjang tubuh dan dikelompokkan ke dalam enam kelas ukuran. Setiap individu ikan diberi perlakuan pakan berupa larva nyamuk (tahap instar IV) sebanyak 200 individu pada tujuh tingkat kekeruhan yang berbeda (2,54; 25,07; 50,52; 100,20; 200,20; 500,60 dan 800,40 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit, NTU) dengan menggunakan partikel berukuran <63um. Efektivitas mencari makan akan ditunjukkan berdasarkan tingkat pemangsaan dalam periode 15 menit. Tingkat pemangsaan rata-rata tidak berbeda pada tingkat kekeruhan yang rendah (<50,52 NTU) dalam setiap kelas ukuran. Penurunan tingkat pemangsaan rata-rata secara nyata mulai berlang-sung pada tingkat kekeruhan yang lebih tinggi (<100,12 NTU) dengan nilai sebesar 23,2%-65,9%. Kondisi ini menun-jukkan penurunan efektivitas mencari makan seiring dengan semakin meningkatnya tingkat kekeruhan air.
Filogenetik ikan tuna (Thunnus spp.) di Perairan Maluku Utara, Indonesia
Authors: Akbar Nebuchadnezzar , Aris Muhammad , Irfan Muhammad , Baksir Abdurrachman , Surahman Surahman , Madduppa Hawis H. , Kotta Raismin 
Published: January 2019

The tuna fish (Thunnus spp.) is highly migratory and commercial tuna fishery. The fish tuna abudance supported ocea-nography and geography condition in North Mallucas Sea. The fishery targets catch increase on fish tuna provided a view of the need for assessment of phylogenetic tuna. The study was conducted to infer the phylogenetic in North Mollucas Sea. The research method was PCR-Sequensing. Moleculer analysis included extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), electrophoresis and DNA sequencing in control region mtDNA locus. Phylogenetic reconstructed with Neigbor joining with Kimura 2-parameter model using MEGA5. The result showed that four clade (bigeye, yellowfin, alalunga and skipjack). Genetic distance between bigeye with yellowfin was (0.084), bigeye with alalunga (0.163), ye-llowfin with alalunga (0.174), bigeye with skipjack (0.294), skipjack with alalunga (0.312) and yellowfin with skipjack (0.297). The overall result showed significant genetic different. That information explain about one populations species tuna. The tuna phylogeography unlimitedin geographic distributions. AbstrakIkan tuna (Thunnus spp.) adalah ikan pelagis yang memiliki kemampuan ruaya dan nilai komersial. Kondisi oseanogra-fis dan letak geografis mendukung kelimpahan stok sumber daya ikan tuna di Perairan Maluku Utara. Aktifitas penang-kapan yang meningkat memberikan pandangan perlu adanya pengkajian filogenetik ikan tuna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi filogenetik ikan tuna di perairan Maluku Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode PCR-Sekuensing pada lokus mtDNA control region. Analisis molekuler meliputi ekstraksi, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), elektroforesis dan sekuensing DNA. Rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik dengan metode Neighbor joining dengan model evolusi Kimura 2-parameter dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi MEGA5. Hasil penelitian menemukan empat clade spesies ikan tuna yang berbeda (tuna mata besar, sirip kuning, alalunga, dan cakalang). Jarak genetik tuna mata besar (Thunnus obesus) dengan sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) adalah 0,084; tuna mata besar dengan tuna alalunga (Thunnus albacore) adalah 0,163; tuna sirip kuning dengan tuna alalunga sebesar 0,174; tuna mata besar dengan caka-lang (Katsuwonus pelamis) adalah 0,294; cakalang dengan tuna alalunga adalah 0,312; dan tuna sirip kuning dengan cakalang adalah 0,297. Semua hasil menunjukkan perbedaan genetik signifikan. Namun dapat dijelaskan bahwa spesies tuna berasal dari satu keturunan. Filogeografi tuna tidak memiliki batas distribusi yang nyata spesies.
Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Konsumen dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Pembelian White Coffe
Authors: Khasan Umar 
Published: January 2019

The Goals of this research are analyze factors affect to purchase products White Coffee. Research was carried out in Hypermart Bangkalan. Sample was taken by accidentl sampling method. Data were analyzed by qualitative diskriptif. The result of factors affect the purchase decision of White Coffee are culture.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSES' PERCEPTIONS AND SELF-EFFICACY IN IMPLEMENTING PALLIATIVE CARE IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Kurnia Theresia Avila , Trisyani Yanny , Prawesti Ayu 
Published: January 2019

Background: The increasing need for palliative care in intensive care unit (ICU) is indicated by the increasing number of patients with critical and terminal conditions or life-threatening diseases. A comprehensive handling through palliative care by nurses is needed. Self-efficacy is the main predictor that influences the application of palliative care in ICU. Therefore, nurses should have high self-efficacy in order to provide qualified palliative care for patients and their families.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between perceptions and self-efficacy of nurses in applying palliative care in ICU.
Methods: This study was a correlational study with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used was total sampling, which involved all nurses who were actively working at the Bandung General Hospital during the study. There were 127 people in total. Data were collected using questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was used for the univariate analysis and Pearson correlation test was used for bivariate analysis.
Results: The results of univariate analysis showed that the majority of respondents had high self-efficacy (56.7%) and negative perceptions (52%) related to palliative care in the intensive room. Based on the results of bivariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between perception and self-efficacy variables (p value = 0.000).
Conclusion: The results showed that high number of respondents had negative perceptions related to their competences in implementing palliative care in the ICU. Therefore, socializations and trainings related to this are needed, which focus on nurses' beliefs in their abilities.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FAMILY FUNCTIONING AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF CAREGIVER OF CHILDREN WITH LEUKEMIA
Authors: Fadhilla Annisha , Nurhidayah Ikeu , Adistie Fanny 
Published: January 2019

Background: Quality of life of caregiver of children with leukemia is important because it can affect the quality of care provided and can affect the health of children and the caregiver themselves. One of the factors that influence the caregiver’s quality of life is the family functioning. However, a few number of research on the correlation of family functioning in the caregiver's situation.
Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between family functioning and the caregiver’s quality of life of children with leukemia.
Methods: This study used a Quality of Life Family Version questionnaire and a Family Assessment Device questionnaire. The populations in this study were all parents (father or mother) who were the primary caregiver of children with leukemia aged 0-15 years and were being treated at a referral hospital in West Java, Indonesia. Thirty-two respondents were determined by a total sampling technique. The data analysis used frequency distribution and chi-square.
Results: The results showed that the family functioning and quality of life of the caregiver had the same results, 50% good and 50% poor. Correlation test in this study showed a negative value with p value > 0.05 (0.480), which indicated that there was no correlation between family functioning and the quality of life of the caregiver.
Conclusion: The correlation between family functioning and caregiver's quality of life was not significant. This is likely due to the variable family functioning and the caregiver’s quality of life having balanced results. The results of this study need to be followed up by providing nursing care holistically not only to children, but also to families, especially who are directly involved in child care.
Spacecraft Radio Frequency Fluctuations in the Solar Corona: A MESSENGER–HELIOS Composite Study
Authors: Wexler David B. , Hollweg Joseph V. , Efimov Anatoli I. , Lukanina Liudmila A. , Coster Anthea J. , Vierinen Juha , Jensen Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Fluctuations in plasma electron density may play a role in solar coronal energy transport and the dissipation of wave energy. Transcoronal spacecraft radio sounding observations reveal frequency fluctuations (FFs) that encode the electron number density disturbances, allowing an exploration of the coronal compressive wave and advected inhomogeneity models. Primary FF observations from MESSENGER 2009 and published FF residuals from HELIOS 1975–1976 superior conjunctions were combined to produce a composite view of equatorial region FF near solar minimum over solar offset range 1.4–25R
⊙. Methods to estimate the electron number density fluctuation variance from the observed FF were developed. We created a simple stacked, magnetically structured slab model that incorporated both propagating slow density waves and advected spatial density variations to explain the observed FF. Slow density waves accounted for most of the FF at low solar offset, while spatial density inhomogeneities advected at solar wind speed dominated above the sonic point at 6R
⊙. Corresponding spatial scales ranged 1–38 Mm, with scales above 10 Mm contributing most to FF variance. Magnetic structuring of the model introduced radial elongation anistropy at lower solar offsets, but geometric conditions for isotropy were achieved as the slab correlation scales increased further out in the corona. The model produced agreement with the FF observations up to 12R
⊙. FF analysis provides information on electron density fluctuations in the solar corona, and should take into account the background compressive slow waves and solar wind-related advection of quasi-static spatial density variations.
Light Curves of a Shock-breakout Material and a Relativistic Off-axis Jet from a Binary Neutron Star System
Authors: Fraija N. , Pedreira A. C. Caligula do E. S. , Veres P. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Binary neutron star mergers are believed to eject significant masses with a diverse range of velocities. Once these ejected materials begin to be decelerated by a homogeneous medium, relativistic electrons are mainly cooled down by synchrotron radiation, generating a multiwavelength long-lived afterglow. Analytic and numerical methods illustrate that the outermost matter, the merger shock-breakout material, can be parametrized by power-law velocity distributions

. Considering that the shock-breakout material is moving on-axis toward the observer and the relativistic jet off-axis, we compute the light curves during the relativistic and the lateral expansion phase. As a particular case, we successfully describe the X-ray, optical, and radio light curves alongside the spectral energy distribution from the recently discovered gravitational-wave transient GW170817, when the merger shock-breakout material moves with mildly relativistic velocities and achieves the near-Newtonian phase and the jet moves with relativistic velocities. Future electromagnetic counterpart observations of this binary system could be able to evaluate different properties of these light curves.
High-mass Star Formation in the nearby Region G352.630-1.067. I. Parallax
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Jing-Jing , Zhang Bo , Ellingsen Simon P. , Xu Ye , Ren Zhi-Yuan , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Sobolev Andrej M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Young or forming high-mass stars that are nearby and not within a cluster environment have the potential to provide fundamental insights into star formation. In this paper we report such a candidate (G352.630-1.067), for which we have measured the distance through very long baseline interferometry parallax observations of the associated 6.7 GHz class II methanol maser. We determine the distance to the source to be

kpc, which makes it the second nearest high-mass star formation region (HMSFR) known, with only the Orion Nebula being closer. This may place this source, not within a Galactic spiral arm, but in the region between the Local and Sagittarius arms, indicating that molecular clouds in interarm regions may also generate high-mass stars. Kinematic association between this source and the Sagittarius Arm suggests that it may be located in a spur extending outward from this arm. Comparison with the known, nearby HMSFRs (distances less than 1 kpc), reveal that G352.630-1.067 is in a more isolated environment than others, hence providing an excellent candidate for investigations of the processes that form individual high-mass stars. We find a good spatial correlation between the 6.7 GHz methanol maser and high angular resolution images of the infrared outflow, suggesting that the class II methanol masers are closely associated with a jet/outflow in this source.