bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Devolving healthcare services redesign to local clinical leaders: does it work in practice?
Authors: Storey John , Holti Richard , Hartley Jean , Marshall Martin 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the findings arising from a three year research project which investigated a major system-wide change in the design of the NHS in England. The radical policy change was enshrined in statute in 2012 and it dismantled existing health authorities in favour of new local commissioning groups built around GP Practices. The idea was that local clinical leaders would “step-up” to the challenge and opportunity to transform health services through exercising local leadership. This was the most radical change in the NHS since its inception in 1948.

Design/methodology/approach
The research methods included two national postal surveys to all members of the boards of the local groups supplemented with 15 scoping case studies followed by six in-depth case studies. These case studies focused on close examination of instances where significant changes to service design had been attempted.

Findings
The authors found that many local groups struggled to bring about any significant changes in the design of care systems. But the authors also found interesting examples of situations where pioneering clinical leaders were able to collaborate in order to design and deliver new models of care bridging both primary and secondary settings. The potential to use competition and market forces by fully utilising the new commissioning powers was more rarely pursued.

Practical implications
The findings carry practical implications stemming from positive lessons about securing change even under difficult circumstances.

Originality/value
The paper offers novel insights into the processes required to introduce new systems of care in contexts where existing institutions tend to revert to the status quo. The national survey allows accurate assessment of the generalisability of the findings about the nature and scale of change.
Knowledge management competences, exporting and productivity: uncovering African paradoxes
Authors: Vendrell-Herrero Ferran , Darko Christian K. , Ghauri Pervez 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the importance of relational and conditional knowledge by assessing how service and signaling competences affect manufacturing firms’ productivity. These relationships are explored in the context of Africa, where, paradoxically, firms selling abroad must satisfy different market demands than firms that serve only domestic markets.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw on the World Bank Enterprise Survey to perform a cross-sectional analysis of 4,683 manufacturing firms. These surveys cover the period 2009-2017 and 35 different African countries. The authors define service competence development as co-location with knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) firms, measured through KIBS density at city level. Signaling is measured through outward-looking competences.FindingsThis paper shows that African exporters differ significantly from their non-exporting counterparts in terms of productivity and competences. External service competence generates productivity gains for exporters but has the opposite effect for non-exporters. Results consistent with previous research also show that signaling competences generate productivity gains, but the effect for firms serving domestic markets is stronger than the effect for exporting firms. The authors use paradoxes of learning to interpret these results.Research limitations/implicationsThis study detects nuances of the African context that increase the understanding of knowledge management in emerging markets. The findings would benefit from confirmation in a longitudinal and causal setting.Practical implicationsAfrican exporting firms should establish mechanisms to develop joint knowledge with external partners (know-with) to enhance their competitiveness, whereas African non-exporters should prioritize building knowledge credibility.Originality/valueThe study develops a novel empirical approach to analyzing firm competences in Africa. It also shows that contextualization of existing knowledge management theories matters, opening a research avenue to test further existing theories in emerging economies.
Impact of IS agility and HR systems on job satisfaction: an organizational information processing theory perspective
Authors: Gupta Shivam , Kumar Sameer , Kamboj Shampy , Bhushan Bharat , Luo Zongwei 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the link between information systems (IS) agility, HR performance management systems and job satisfaction using organizational information processing theory. The objective of this study answers the following questions: How does use of different IS agility impact HR systems and job satisfaction? What are the connecting pathways by which IS agility affects HR systems and job satisfaction?

Design/methodology/approach
The authors developed a theoretical framework based on the organizational information processing theory and collected primary data through an online-based questionnaire. Following these procedures, the authors analyzed the data using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings
SEM analysis of the data from 150 respondents supports the organizational information processing theory. The authors proposed eight hypotheses, and only one was rejected.

Research limitations/implications
The data were collected from South Africa only, which is an emerging economy, and these cross-sectional data were gathered from the perspectives of the respondents.

Originality/value
The present paper empirically tests the conceptual model through the lens of organizational information processing theory.
Innovating through digital revolution
Authors: Caputo Francesco , Cillo Valentina , Candelo Elena , Liu Yipeng 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relations among soft skill, information technologies and Big Data for building a possible bridge able to link human and technology dimensions for increasing firm performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing the Business-focused Inventory of Personality , work personality of 4,758 human resources engaged in 72 high-tech European firms has been analyzed and its relations with firms’ investment in Big Data and firms’ economic performance have been tested using the structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe research shows the existence of strong relations between some elements of human resources’ personality such as the work motivation and the social competencies and the firms’ economic performance. At the same time, the research clarifies the mediated effect of firms’ investment in Big Data in the relations between human resources’ organizational behavior and the firms’ economic performance.Originality/valueThe paper extends previous managerial contributions about Big Data management and human resource management providing evidence on which build more effective managerial models in the era of digital transformation.
Conservation-based intelligence-led policing
Authors: Cowan Devin , Burton Christina , Moreto William 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of interpersonal relations on the implementation of an intelligence-led initiative within a rural, conservation setting.

Design/methodology/approach
The data for this study are gathered from semi-structured interviews (n = 79) and field observations within five study sites that are managed by the Uganda Wildlife Authority.

Findings
The findings suggest that while law enforcement and community conservation rangers viewed intelligence operations to be necessary, there was general discontent and distrust toward intelligence rangers. This was largely due to the actuarial and perceived activities, roles and responsibilities of intelligence rangers and the belief that intelligence rangers reflected more of an internal affairs unit rather than one focused on intelligence gathering.

Research limitations/implications
The credibility of the data provided by respondents can be called into question; however, extensive efforts were made to establish rapport to help alleviate these hazards.

Practical implications
Findings from the current study highlight the importance of considering and managing interpersonal relations when implementing intelligence-led initiatives.

Originality/value
The current study is unique in that it examines crime in a non-traditional setting (a developing country, Uganda), with a non-traditional crime type (wildlife crime). Additionally, literature examining the impact of interpersonal relations on intelligence-led policing is limited.
Understanding public satisfaction with the police
Authors: Dai Mengyan , Hu Xiaochen , Time Victoria 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Building upon prior research, the purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of public satisfaction with the police by examining the effects of one’s military background and the interactions between one’s education and perceptions about prior contact with the police.

Design/methodology/approach
This study statistically analyzes the 2012 citizen survey data collected in the Hampton Roads area of Virginia, USA, and the theoretical framework includes the major models of citizen satisfaction with the police (i.e. demographic, prior contact with the police and neighborhood conditions).

Findings
Findings show that being a military family member is significantly positively related to satisfaction with the police. In addition, there are significant interactions between higher education and prior contact with the police, suggesting that people with different educational backgrounds tend to consider their prior experiences (either positive or negative) differently in their general evaluations of the police.

Originality/value
The study expands the literature by empirically assessing two often omitted factors that could have significant impacts on how the public evaluate the police.
Metabolic reconstruction of the genome of candidate Desulfatiglans TRIP_1 and identification of key candidate enzymes for anaerobic phenanthrene degradation
Authors: Kraiselburd Ivana , Brüls Thomas , Heilmann Geronimo , Kaschani Farnusch , Kaiser Markus , Meckenstock Rainer U. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed pollutants. As oxygen is rapidly depleted in water‐saturated PAH‐contaminated sites, anaerobic microorganisms are crucial for their consumption. Here, we report the metabolic pathway for anaerobic degradation of phenanthrene by a sulfate‐reducing enrichment culture (TRIP) obtained from a natural asphalt lake. The dominant organism of this culture belongs to the Desulfobacteraceae family of Deltaproteobacteria and genome‐resolved metagenomics led to the reconstruction of its genome along with a handful of genomes from lower abundance bacteria. Proteogenomic analyses confirmed metabolic capabilities for dissimilatory sulfate reduction and indicated the presence of the Embden‐Meyerhof‐Parnas pathway, a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle as well as a complete Wood‐Ljungdahl pathway. Genes encoding enzymes putatively involved in the degradation of phenanthrene were identified. This includes two gene clusters encoding a multisubunit carboxylase complex likely involved in the activation of phenanthrene, as well as genes encoding reductases potentially involved in subsequent ring dearomatization and reduction steps. The predicted metabolic pathways were corroborated by transcriptome and proteome analyses, and provide the first insights into the metabolic pathway responsible for the anaerobic degradation of three‐ringed PAHs.
Evaluation of the impact of a post‐hospital discharge Transitional Aged Care Service on frailty, malnutrition and functional ability
Authors: Vearing Rebecca , Casey Shelly , Zaremba Carly , Bowden Steven , Ferguson Allison , Goodisson Christie , Potter Jan , Evry Narelle , Charlton Karen 
Published: January 2019

AimTo investigate the relationship between nutritional status, functional ability and frailty in older adults participating in a 12‐week Transitional Aged Care Service program.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a clinical cohort of older adults aged 65+ years after hospital discharge. At entry into the program and at completion, nutritional status was measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), frailty status was measured using the Groningen Frailty Indicator and functional ability was measured using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Demographic data were obtained from electronic medical records.ResultsBaseline data were available for 115 participants (mean age = 81.7 (SD =7.9) years; 20.9% classified as malnourished and 89.6% as frail). A positive association was found between nutritional status and frailty (r = 0.298; P = 0.001), and frailty and functional ability (r = 0.204; P = 0.029). Multiple regression analysis, accounting for the cofounders of baseline MNA, MBI, age, gender, length of hospital stay and living situation, found that nutritional status and functional ability were able to indicate the presence of frailty on admission to the program (P = 0.002, P = 0.007, respectively). In those program completers (n = 79), significant improvements were found in nutritional status, frailty and functional ability (P < 0.0005).ConclusionsNutrition status, frailty and functional ability are closely and positively related, and should therefore be considered simultaneously in rehabilitation for older adults. A post‐hospital transitional program with a multidisciplinary approach significantly improved all three outcomes, suggesting its value in enabling frail older people to remain independent for as long as possible.
The bidder exclusion effect
Authors: Coey Dominic , Larsen Bradley , Sweeney Kane 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe introduce a new, simple‐to‐compute test of independence of valuations and the number of bidders for ascending button auctions with symmetric, conditionally independent private values. The test involves estimating the expected revenue drop from excluding a bidder at random, which can be computed as a scaled sample average of a difference of order statistics. This object also provides a bound on counterfactual revenue changes from optimal reserve pricing or bidder mergers. We illustrate the approach using data from timber auctions, where we find some evidence that bidder valuations and the number of participants are not independent.
Clinical evaluation of a first trimester pregnancy algorithm predicting the risk of small for gestational age neonates
Authors: Graham Kathryn , Park Felicity , McLennan Andrew , Pelosi Marilena , Williams Paul , Poon Liona C. , Hyett Jon 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe Fetal Medicine Foundation developed a multiple logistic regression algorithm for risk prediction of delivering a small for gestational age neonate.AimTo validate this algorithm in an Australian population.MethodsAt the combined first trimester screen participants’ medical histories, demographic data, mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A were assessed. After delivery, risk of delivering a small for gestational age neonate at <37 or ≥37 weeks gestation was retrospectively calculated using the Fetal Medicine Foundation algorithm.ResultsThree thousand and eight women underwent prediction of risk for delivering a small for gestational age neonate. The algorithm detected 15.0% (95% CI: 3.2–37.9) of small for gestational age neonates delivered <37 weeks gestation at a fixed 10% false positive rate (or 35.0% (95% CI: 15.4–59.2) at a fixed 20% false positive rate). It detected 23.4% (95% CI: 16.1–30.7) of small for gestational age neonates delivered ≥37 weeks gestation at a fixed 10% false positive rate (or 39.1% (95% CI: 30.7–47.5) at a fixed 20% false positive rate). The algorithm performed significantly better than individual parameters (P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56–0.80) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.65–0.74) for small for gestational age neonates at <37 and ≥37 weeks gestation, respectively.ConclusionsThe Fetal Medicine Foundation algorithm for first trimester prediction of small for gestational age neonates does not perform as well in an Australian population as in the original United Kingdom cohort. However, it performs significantly better than any individual test parameter in both preterm and term neonates. Incorporation of further variables may help improve screening efficacy.
Performing Alterity of Desire: Bodiliness and Sexuality in Spirit Mediumship in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Pinthongvijayakul Visisya 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis article questions the way sexuality has been conceived as constructionism by previous studies of mediumship. I focus on female practitioners in northeast Thailand, seeing in their bodies the potential for the enactment of heterogeneous modes of desire that exceeds the bounds of inquiry set by representationalist frames. This perspective demands a new set of tools that will better resonate with the expressions of the practitioners’ bodies. Engaging with affect theory in the tradition of Brian Massumi, the article proposes an important shift from discourse‐based critique of Thai spirit possession to an approach that accounts for bodily sex and desire, beyond constructions and categories. I argue that spirit mediumship gives rein to a localized register of desire and sexuality that eludes discursive normalization. Ritual performance by spirit mediums materially vocalizes an expanded and more diverse repertoire of desire. Moreover, I take a view of the body as an undifferentiated object to argue, against the hierarchical dichotomy between the sacred and the profane, that the spatiality of the full body is a plane on whose flows the sacred and erotic intensities commingle. In mediumistic ritual, religious and sexual ontologies melt into the same bodily organs and zones of skin. [spirit mediumship, female body, desire, sexuality, affect theory, Northeast Thailand]
A comparable rate of levator ani muscle injury in operative vaginal delivery (forceps and vacuum) according to the characteristics of the instrumentation
Authors: García‐Mejido José A. , Fernández‐Palacín Ana , Bonomi Barby María J. , Castro Laura , Aquise Adriana , Sainz José A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionForceps delivery is associated with a high rate of levator ani muscle (LAM) trauma (avulsion) at 35%‐65% whereas data on avulsion rates after vacuum delivery vary greatly. Nevertheless, a common characteristic of all previous studies carried out to evaluate the association between instrumental deliveries (forceps and vacuum) and LAM avulsion, is the fact that characteristics of the instrumentation have not been described or evaluated. The objective of this study is to compare the rate of LAM avulsion between forceps and vacuum deliveries according to the characteristics of the instrumentation.Material and methodsProspective, observational study, including 263 nulliparous women, who underwent an instrumental delivery with either Malmström vacuum or Kielland forceps. The characteristics of the instrumentation, position (anterior position and other position) and height of the fetal head at the moment of instrumentation (low instrumentation [vertex at +2 station] and mid‐instrumentation [head is involved but leading part above +2 station]) were assessed. Evaluation of LAM avulsion was performed at 6 months postpartum by three‐/four‐dimensional transperineal ultrasound. Using the multi‐view mode, a complete avulsion was diagnosed when the abnormal muscle insertion was identified in all three central slices, that is, in the plane of minimal hiatal dimensions and the 2.5‐mm and 5.0‐mm slices cranial to this one. To detect a 30% or 15% difference in the LAM injury rate, with 80% power and 5% α‐error, we needed, respectively 42 and 99 women per study group.ResultsIn all, 263 nulliparous individuals have been evaluated (162 vacuum deliveries, 101 forceps deliveries). Instrumentation in an occipito‐anterior position was more frequent in vacuum deliveries (75.3% vs 56.4%, P = .002), whereas other positions were more frequent in the forceps deliveries group (24.7% vs 43.6%). No statistically significant differences were noted regarding the height of the fetal head at the moment of instrumentation. No statistically significant differences were found in the presence of LAM avulsion (41.4% vs 38.6%) between vacuum and forceps deliveries. The univariate analysis of the crude odds ratio was 1.17, 95% CI 0.67‐1.98, P = .70 for the avulsion of the LAM and the multivariate of the adjusted OR 0.90, 95% CI; 0.53‐1.55, P = .71.ConclusionsWe consider that, in our population, LAM avulsion rate should not be a factor taken into account when choosing the type of instrumentation (Malmström vacuum or Kielland forceps) in an operative delivery.
Under‐representation of elderly in clinical trials: An analysis of the initial approval documents in the Food and Drug Administration database
Authors: Ruiter Rikje , Burggraaf Jacobus , Rissmann Robert 
Published: January 2019

AimsTo evaluate the availability of pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy analyses specifically targeted at elderly, prior to the authorization of drugs.MethodsA cross‐sectional, structured review of publicly available initial approval documents of Food and Drug Administration‐approved drugs was performed. The 10 most frequently on‐label prescribed drug classes, drugs with known pharmacokinetic differences in the elderly or drugs that are relatively contraindicated in elderly (e.g. anticholinergics or benzodiazepines) were included in the analyses.ResultsIn total, 1129 unique active pharmaceutical ingredients were found eligible for the analyses, of these, 506 were found in the Food and Drug Administration database (45%). The initial approval documents were available for 182 drugs. For the majority of the drugs, the initial approval documents in the database showed information on pharmacokinetics in elderly (n = 113; 62%). Furthermore, over time, the availability of information with regard to elderly increased statistically significantly from 0% in the period 1970–1979 to 76% for the period 2010–2018. Information on safety and efficacy was less frequently present, i.e. 42% and 45%, respectively and, moreover, the availability of information did not improve over time.ConclusionThe under‐representation of elderly in clinical trials thereby challenging the external validity of benefit/risk assessments of launched drugs was confirmed. Priority should be given to a study population that is representative for the target population.