bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping status and conservation of global at‐risk marine biodiversity
Authors: O'Hara Casey C. , Villaseñor‐Derbez Juan Carlos , Ralph Gina M. , Halpern Benjamin S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo conserve marine biodiversity, we must first understand the spatial distribution and status of at‐risk biodiversity. We combined range maps and conservation status for 5,291 marine species to map the global distribution of extinction risk of marine biodiversity. We find that for 83% of the ocean, >25% of assessed species are considered threatened, and 15% of the ocean shows >50% of assessed species threatened when weighting for range‐limited species. By comparing mean extinction risk of marine biodiversity to no‐take marine reserve placement, we identify regions where reserves preferentially afford proactive protection (i.e., preserving low‐risk areas) or reactive protection (i.e., mitigating high‐risk areas), indicating opportunities and needs for effective future protection at national and regional scales. In addition, elevated risk to high seas biodiversity highlights the need for credible protection and minimization of threatening activities in international waters.
A framework for mapping cultural resources in landscape conservation planning
Authors: Ogletree S. Scott , Powell Robert B. , Baldwin Robert F. , Leonard Paul B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCultural resources can be an important means of connecting people to conservation efforts. Currently, it is difficult to identify and map these tangible and intangible aspects of the landscape. We propose a framework to include cultural resources in spatial conservation planning that acknowledges the different scales of importance and management of sites. Through categorizing and mapping sites of national, state, local, interest group, and community management, cultural resources can be measured and included in existing planning tools. Data on cultural resources are a primary limitation due to availability and fragmentation. Until data sources improve, our framework provides a stopgap that allows for cultural resources to be included in conservation‐planning efforts.
BAP1‐deficient tumor/nevus with germline aberration: A potential pitfall in assessing melanocytic neoplasms with single nucleotide polymorphism array
Authors: Hedayat Amin A. , Lefferts Joel A. , Atkinson Aaron E. , Busam Klaus J. , Linos Konstantinos 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBRCA1‐associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor gene, located on chromosome 3p21, encoding BAP1 nuclear protein, which is associated with a subset of melanocytic tumors with distinct cytologic features. Single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP‐array) is a molecular karyotyping technique that can detect copy number variations and loss of heterozygosity in various fresh and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues. Herein we present a 56‐year‐old female, who presented with a lesion on her left nose/cheek that was growing in size and changing in color. Histopathology was characteristic of a BAP1‐deficient melanocytic neoplasm, with a biphasic population of cytologically bland conventional nevomelanocytes and a proliferation of large epithelioid melanocytes with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry for BAP1 showed loss of nuclear labeling in the epithelioid melanocytes. SNP‐array revealed a chromosome 21q22.1 monoaberration with no chromosome 3 abnormalities. The detection of this aberration prompted a discussion as to whether the lesion was best designated as a nevus or tumor. SNP‐array on the patient's blood showed the same monoaberration of chromosome 21q22.1. This case emphasizes the importance of interpreting microarray results in the context of morphology, as germline aberrations can be a pitfall when assessing the genomic stability of a melanocytic proliferation by SNP array.
Detection of adolescent suicidality in primary care: an international utility study of the bullying‐insomnia‐tobacco‐stress test
Authors: Binder Philippe , Heintz Anne‐Laure , Haller Dagmar M. , Favre Anne‐Sophie , Tudrej Benoit , Ingrand Pierre , Vanderkam Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimGeneral practitioners (GPs) are ideally placed to identify suicidality in adolescents. However, adolescents are often reluctant to confide in their GPs about these problems, and GPs are not comfortable when questioning them about suicide. We previously proposed the BITS test, a set of four opening and four additional questions, to alert doctors about possible suicidality in an adolescent. We validated its use in the identification of suicidality (“frequent suicidal ideation or suicide attempts at one time or another)” in 15‐year‐old adolescents in a school setting. The objective of the present study was to assess the detection utility of this method in 13‐to‐18‐year‐olds in primary care.MethodsWe carried out a screening utility study in general practices in 17 French‐speaking sites in four countries and three continents. Each GP was instructed to use the bullying, insomnia, tobacco, stress (BITS) test with five to ten 13‐to‐18‐year‐old adolescents, consulting consecutively, for any reason. They subsequently asked them questions about their suicidality.ResultsOne hundred and two GPs tested a total of 693 adolescents; 13.0% of the adolescents (girls 15.4%, boys 9.9%) reported suicidality (1.6% known, 11.4% previously unknown). A score of at least 3 on the BITS scale was associated with suicidality (sensitivity: 65.9, specificity: 82.5%).ConclusionsThe BITS test is a pragmatic instrument, alerting the GP to an adolescent's previously unknown suicidability, whatever the reason for consultation.
275 years of forestry meets genomics inPinus sylvestris
Authors: Pyhäjärvi Tanja , Kujala Sonja T , Savolainen Outi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPinus sylvestrishas a long history of basic and applied research that is relevant for both forestry and evolutionary studies. Its patterns of adaptive variation and role in forest economic and ecological systems have been studied extensively for nearly 275 years, detailed demography for a 100 years and mating system more than 50 years. However, its reference genome sequence is not yet available and genomic studies have been lagging compared to, for example,Pinus taedaandPicea abies, two other economically important conifers. Despite the lack of reference genome, many modern genomic methods are applicable for a more detailed look at its biological characteristics. For example, RNA‐seq has revealed a complex transcriptional landscape and targeted DNA sequencing displays an excess of rare variants and geographically homogenously distributed molecular genetic diversity. Current DNA and RNA resources can be used as a reference for gene expression studies, SNP discovery, and further targeted sequencing. In the future, specific consequences of the large genome size, such as functional effects of regulatory open chromatin regions and transposable elements, should be investigated more carefully. For forest breeding and long‐term management purposes, genomic data can help in assessing the genetic basis of inbreeding depression and the application of genomic tools for genomic prediction and relatedness estimates. Given the challenges of breeding (long generation time, no easy vegetative propagation) and the economic importance, application of genomic tools has a potential to have a considerable impact. Here, we explore how genomic characteristics ofP. sylvestris, such as rare alleles and the low extent of linkage disequilibrium, impact the applicability and power of the tools.
Investigation on the fatigue crack behavior of Zr702/TA2/Q345R composite plate with a crack normal to interface
Authors: Zhou Binbin , Zhou Changyu , Yu Xiaochun , Chang Le , Li Jian , Miao Xinting , Ye Cheng , Zhang Bojun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of maximum load, load ratio, and average load on fatigue crack propagation of Zr702/TA2/Q345R composite plate with a crack normal to the interface are studied by experiment and finite element method. When crack propagates to the interface from the compliant material side, the crack growth rate decreases to the minimum at first. After crack penetrates through the interface, the fatigue crack growth rate accelerates continuously. When crack propagates to the interface from the stiff material side, the fatigue crack growth rate generally increases with the crack length. Regardless of the direction of crack growth, the increase of load ratio will weaken the difference of crack growth rate near the interface caused by material property mismatch. Finite element results show that elastic modulus mismatch significantly changes the variation of the stress intensity factor amplitude. All results demonstrate that crack growth rate is dependent on the competition of the stress intensity factor amplitude, the fatigue crack growth rate in the corresponding material, and the interface strength.
Evaluation of a phenomenological elastic‐plastic approach for magnesium alloys under multiaxial loading conditions
Authors: Anes Vitor , Reis Luís , de Freitas Manuel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMagnesium alloys are greatly appreciated due to their high strength to weight ratio, stiffness, and low density; however, they can exhibit complex types of cyclic plasticity like twinning, de‐twinning, or Bauschinger effect. Recent studies indicate that these types of cyclic plastic deformations cannot be fully characterized using the typical tools used in cyclic characterization of steels and aluminium alloys; thus, it is required new approaches to fully capture their cyclic deformation and plasticity. This study aims to propose and evaluate a phenomenological cyclic elastic‐plastic approach designed to capture the cyclic deformation of magnesium alloys under multiaxial loading conditions. Series of experimental tests were performed to characterize the cyclic mechanical behaviour of the magnesium alloy AZ31BF considering proportional loadings with different strain amplitude ratios and a nonproportional loading with a 45° phase shift. The experimental results were modulated using polynomial functions in order to implement a cyclic plasticity model for the AZ311BF based on the phenomenological approach proposed. Results show good correlations between experiments and estimates.
Role of lunar phases, rainfall, and wind in predicting Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) catch in the northern Bay of Bengal
Authors: Giri Sandip , Hazra Sugata , Ghosh Pramit , Ghosh Amit , Das Sourav , Chanda Abhra , Das Isha , Chakraborty Kunal , Mukhopadhyay Anirban , Maity Sourav 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) is an important commercial fish in India. This study investigates relationships among Hilsa catch per unit effort (CPUE) and the corresponding lunar phase, rainfall variability, wind vector, and month in the northern Bay of Bengal. Hilsa catch during the monsoon season of three consecutive years (2013–2015) was analyzed by using a Generalized Least Square model with lunar phase and monsoon months (June–September) as categorical variables and wind direction as circular variable. Significantly higher Hilsa catch was observed during the waning crescent and waxing gibbous lunar phases and during easterly winds. There was no significant effect of wind velocity. Daily rainfall was significantly correlated with Hilsa migration toward the estuary. Among the four monsoon months, September exhibited the most positive significant correlation with the Hilsa CPUE. Model predicted CPUE underestimated the actual CPUE in 2016 by 20%.
A novel mutation in Slc2a4 as a mouse model of fatigue
Authors: de Groot Marleen H. M. , Castorena Carlos M. , Cox Kimberly H. , Kumar Vivek , Mohawk Jennifer A. , Ahmed Newaz I. , Takahashi Joseph S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChronic fatigue is a debilitating disorder with widespread consequences, but effective treatment strategies are lacking. Novel genetic mouse models of fatigue may prove invaluable for studying its underlying physiological mechanisms and for testing treatments and interventions. In a screen of voluntary wheel‐running behavior in N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea mutagenized C57BL/6J mice, we discovered two lines with low body weights and aberrant wheel‐running patterns suggestive of a fatigue phenotype. Affected progeny from these lines had lower daily activity levels and exhibited low amplitude circadian rhythm alterations. Their aberrant behavior was characterized by frequent interruptions and periods of inactivity throughout the dark phase of the light‐dark cycle and increased levels of activity during the rest or light phase. Expression of the behavioral phenotypes in offspring of strategic crosses was consistent with a recessive inheritance pattern. Mapping of phenotypic abnormalities showed linkage with a single locus on chromosome 1, and whole exome sequencing identified a single point mutation in the Slc2a4 gene encoding the GLUT4 insulin‐responsive glucose transporter. The single nucleotide change (A‐T, which we named “twiggy”) was in the distal end of exon 10 and resulted in a premature stop (Y440*). Additional metabolic phenotyping confirmed that these mice recapitulate phenotypes found in GLUT4 knockout mice. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a mutation in this gene has been shown to result in extensive changes in general behavioral patterns. These findings suggest that GLUT4 may be involved in circadian behavioral abnormalities and could provide insights into fatigue in humans.
Inferring phenotypic plasticity and population responses to climate across tree species ranges using forest inventory data
Authors: Fréjaville Thibaut , Fady Bruno , Kremer Antoine , Ducousso Alexis , Benito Garzón Marta 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo test whether intraspecific trait responses to climate among populations across species distribution ranges can be untangled using field observations, under the rationale that, in natural forest tree populations, long‐term climate shapes population responses while recent climate change drives phenotypic plasticity.LocationEurope.Time period1901–2014.TaxaSilver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and sessile oak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.].MethodsWe estimated the variation of individual tree height as a function of long‐term and short‐term climates to tease apart provenance effects (variation among populations of different geographical origin), plasticity and their interaction, using mixed‐effect models calibrated with national forest inventory data (in‐situ models). To validate our approach, we tested the ability of in‐situ models to predict independently tree height observations in common gardens experiments where provenance and plastic effects can be measured and separated. In‐situ model predictions of tree height variation among provenances and among planting sites were compared to observations in common gardens and to predictions from a similar model calibrated using common garden data (ex‐situ model).ResultsIn Q. petraea, we found high correlations between in‐situ and ex‐situ model predictions of provenance and plasticity effects and their interaction for tree height (r > .80). We showed that the in‐situ models significantly predicted tree height variation among provenances and sites for A. alba and Q. petraea. Spatial predictions of phenotypic plasticity across species distribution ranges indicate decreasing tree height in populations of warmer climates in response to recent anthropogenic climate warming.Main conclusionsOur modelling approach using national forest inventory observations provides a new perspective for understanding patterns of intraspecific trait variation across species ranges. Its application is particularly interesting for species for which common garden experiments do not exist or do not cover the entire climatic range of the species.
“Putting people in charge of their own health and care?” Using meta‐narrative review and the example of online sexual health services to re‐think relationships between e‐health and agency
Authors: Baraitser Paula , Cribb Alan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionPolicy discussions reference ideas of informed and active users of e‐health services who gain agency through self‐management, choice and care delivered outside clinical settings. In this article, we aim to problematize this association by “thinking with” material from multiple disciplines to generate higher order insights to inform service development, research and policy.MethodsDrawing on meta‐narrative review methods, we gathered perspectives from multiple disciplines using an iterative process of expert consultation to identify seminal papers citation mapping, synthesis and peer review.ResultsWe identify six relevant paradigms from sociology, philosophy, health services research, public health, the study of social movements and computer studies. Bringing these paradigms together illuminates the contrasting epistemological and ontological framings that co‐exist in this area, including competing conceptualizations of e‐health technologies as: neutral tools for service delivery, mediators within complex and unpredictable clinical interactions and as agents in their own right.DiscussionThere is a need for e‐health policy to recognize many human and non‐human actors, the blurred boundaries between them and the unpredictable and evolving interactions that constitute engagement with e‐health care. Established models for e‐health service development and policy making are not designed for this landscape. There is nothing to be gained by asking whether e‐health, in general, either “increases” or “decreases” agency. Rather specific types and aspects of e‐health have diverse effects and can be simultaneously enabling and disempowering, and be differentially experienced by differently positioned and resourced actors.
Carboxypeptidase A4 promotes proliferation and stem cell characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Hao Chengfei , Wang Haibo , Shang Haitao , Li Zhonglian 
Published: May 2019

SummaryCarboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4), a member of the metallo‐carboxypeptidase family, is overexpressed in liver cancer and is associated with cancer progression. The role ofCPA4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relevance ofCPA4 to the proliferation and expression of stem cell characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis showed highCPA4 expression in the liver cancer cell line Bel7402 and low expression in HepG2 cells. Knock‐down ofCPA4 decreased cancer cell proliferation as detected byMTTand clone formation assays. The serum‐free culture system revealed that downregulatedCPA4 suppressed the sphere formation capacities of tumour cells. However, upregulatedCPA4 increased the proliferation and sphere formation capacity. In addition, the protein expression ofCD133,ALDH1 andCD44 also increased in cells with upregulatedCPA4. In vivo, the overexpression ofCPA4 in tumour cells that were subcutaneously injected into nude mice markedly increased the growth of the tumours. These data suggest thatCPA4 expression leads to poor prognoses by regulating tumour proliferation and the expression of stem cell characteristics and may therefore serve as a potential therapeutic target ofHCC.
Predictors and histopathological characteristics of non‐diabetic renal disorders in diabetes: a look from the tubulointerstitial point of view
Authors: Heybeli Cihan , Oktan Mehmet A. , Arda Hayri U. , Yildiz Serkan , Unlu Mehtat , Demir Tevfik , Cavdar Caner , Sifil Aykut , Celik Ali , Sarioglu Sulen , Camsari Taner 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence and characteristics of non‐diabetic renal diseases (NDRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is different between populations, and seems to be largely dependent on biopsy policies.AimTo investigate clinical clues for NDRD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to analyse renal prognosis of patients based on pathological diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively searched medical records of 115 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent a renal biopsy between 2004 and 2018. Patients were divided into three groups as diabetic nephropathy (DN), NDRD + DN or NDRD based on histopathological examination.ResultsThirty‐six (31.3%) patients had DN, 33 (28.7%) had DN + NDRD and 46 (40%) had NDRD. The absence of diabetic retinopathy, recent onset of diabetes, abnormal disease chronology, and blood haemoglobin was associated with the presence of NDRD in univariate analysis. Abnormal disease chronology which was defined as the presence of acute proteinuria and/or acute kidney injury that are unexpected to be related to evolution of diabetic nepropathy (odds ratio 4.65, 95% confidence interval 1.44–15.00; P = 0.010) and absence of diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 3.44, 95% confidence interval 1.32–8.98; P = 0.012) were independently associated with the presence of NDRD in multivariate analysis. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most frequent type of NDRD. Diseases that affect tubulointerstitial area were more prevalent in the DN + NDRD group compared to the NDRD group (P = 0.001). Renal survival, which was defined as evolution to end‐stage renal disease, was 59.5 ± 14.4 months, 93.7 ± 11.7 months and 87.2 ± 2.6 months for DN, DN + NDRD and NDRD groups, respectively (P = 0.005).ConclusionsRenal biopsy is essential in certain clinical conditions as diagnosis of NDRD is vital for favourable renal survival. DN may facilitate superimposed tubular injury in the presence of toxic insults.
Antimicrobial stewardship in diabetic ketoacidosis: a single‐centre experience
Authors: Gassiep Ian , Bachmeier Caroline , Hendry Stephanie , Emeto Theophilus I. , Armstrong Mark , Sangla Kunwarjit , Heather Christopher S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common and serious complication arising predominantly in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. International data demonstrate that infection is one of the most common precipitating causes of DKA. Currently there are limited data regarding the role of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in this setting.AimTo provide epidemiologic data regarding infections precipitating DKA, microbiological aetiology and antimicrobial prescribing practices in order to inform AMS interventions.MethodsRetrospective chart review of all type 1 diabetes mellitus DKA presentations from May 2015 to June 2018.ResultsIn total, 249 DKA presentations occurred in 111 patients. Suspected infection accounted for 100/249 (40%) presentations, and only 36/249 (14.5%) were proven or probable infections. Skin and soft tissue infection was the most common (9/36, 25%), followed by urinary tract infection (8/36, 22%) and respiratory tract infection (7/36, 19%). A pathogen was identified in 24/100 presumed infections and included Staphylococcus aureus (24, 46%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4/24, 17%) and Escherichia coli (3/24, 13%). No viral pathogens were identified. Of 80 empirical antimicrobial prescriptions, 75% were inappropriate based on guideline management of the documented suspected infection. Single agent ceftriaxone was appropriately prescribed in 7/23 (30%) cases, and was most frequently prescribed overall 23/80 (29%).ConclusionThis study demonstrates a lower incidence of infection compared to most previous publications, and suggests that infection‐precipitated DKA may be over reported. Furthermore, our findings provide support for the role of AMS in the management of DKA.