bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
039 INTERSTOCK PRESERVATION OF PLANT GERMPLASM
Authors: Nee Chenq-chu 
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this invention is to preserve the germplasm which are compatibly graftable for each other in the specific environment. The preserved [interstock] is protected by the rootstock which is used to the stresses from underground, and the “topstock” which is tolerant to the stresses from aboveground.
The compound plant (Top-interstock-rootstock) is different from the traditional combinations which the interstock impove the impatibility between scion and rootstock. The interstock in this design must be compatible with its top and rootstock parts and keep “paradormancy” in the germplasm repository.
Preservation of pear species & cultivars will be presented to describe the details of the techinque.
219 CONSUMER HORTICULTURE: CHARACTERISTICS, TRENDS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR EXTENSION
Authors: Schrock Denny 
Published: February 2019

Consumer horticulture surveys conducted 7 years apart examined the scope and trends in home horticulture in Olmsted County, MN. Master Gardener volunteers were trained to conduct the telephone surveys. Landscape horticulture was important in terms of numbers of people involved and reasons for gardening. Fewer people viewed vegetable gardening as important. Young people were less likely to garden than older ones. Lack of space was the biggest barrier to gardening.
It was concluded extension should expand newspaper and newsletter media efforts. Development of cooperative programs with garden centers and other agencies was suggested. Opportunities exist for training consumers in pesticide safety and best management practices for horticulture.
355A COMPARISON OF REGIONAL CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR PACKAGING OF NURSERY STOCK
Authors: Khatamian Houchang , Stevens Alan 
Published: February 2019

During the Spring of 1992 a survey of over 2000 respondants was conducted as personal interviews at Flower/Garden Shows in Atlanta, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Portland.
When asked how the plants you buy are packaged? Nine percent of the Los Angeles (LA) sample said they purchased trees as balled and burlapped (B & B) while over 40% of the consumers from the other regions purchased trees as B & B. Over 40% of all respondents purchased shrubs in “container”.
When asked how would you like to have landscape plants packaged? While only 31% of the LA sample chose to purchase trees as B & B, over 70% of the consumers from other regions preferred to buy in a B & B form. More than 50% of all respondents also preferred to purchase trees in “Container”. By a two to one margin consumers chose to purchase ornamental shrubs in “Container”. Regardless of the region of the country, “bare-root” and “plastic package” were least desired. About 1/2 of the respondents were couples, 80% owned their own homes, over 50% had an income of $25,000 to $75,000 and more than 75% did own plantings.
394 HIGH-AND-LOW RESOLUTION ANALYSIS OF GROWTH IN SNAPDRAGON (Antirrhinum majus cv. Giant Tetra) AND ZINNIA (Zinnia elegens cv. Pompom)
Authors: Neily Will , Hicklenton Peter R. , Kristie David N. 
Published: February 2019

Stem elongation rates (SER) in snapdragon end zinnia were recorded in 3 DIF regimes (+5, -5, and 0; Daily average: 18C) using both high resolution (linear transducers), and low resolution techniques. Three developmental stages were chosen for study: Stage 1 was vegetative growth, preceding the formation of a flower bud. Stage 2 was the period from bud formation to preliminary expansion. Stage 3 was the period just before anthesis.
Low resolution measurements showed a decrease in snapdragon height in response to a negative DIF. A negative DIF was less effective in reducing zinnia height especially after the third developmental stage. Final plant height for both species was not affected by placing plants in the 3 DIF regimes for 1 week during the growth cycle.
Snapdragon and zinnia displayed unique diurnal SER patterns. Snapdragon showed a large peak in SER at the start of the dark period followed by a gradual decline. SER increased again during the light period. Most growth in vegetative zinnias occurred around the light/dark transition. This peak growth tended to shift to the night period as buds were formed and flowering proceeded. High resolution measurements revealed a reduction in SER for both species at negative DIP; greatest decreases occurred during the night.
DIF exerts an influence on diurnal SER in both snapdragon and zinnia, despite well defined differences in SER patterns. Negative DIF suppresses the SER of both species at all 3 developmental stages, but must be applied consistently in order to produce significant differences in final plant height.
402 PB 007 THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MANUAL OF SUSTAINABLE TREES AND SHRUBS FOR SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND
Authors: Maynard Brian K. , Casagrand Richard A. , Clark Roberta A. 
Published: February 2019

The development of a manual and database of recommended trees and shrubs was undertaken as a collaborative effort of the University of Rhode Island, University of Massachusetts Cooperative Extension and regional nursery stock producers. Initial selection was limited to species exhibiting few or no pest and disease problems, and without site requirements or other factors that could lead to higher maintenance in established landscapes. The preliminary list was reviewed by more than 30 representatives of regional arboreta, universities, growers, landscapers and arborists. In its third printing, the manual includes lists of recommended species, excluded species (with explanations), species for particular situations, and a guide to sustainable landscaping. The consortium brought together to create the manual is also developing a point-of-sale logo and poster to advertise recommended plant species and sustainable landscaping. This project has raised important issues about the interface between the industry and academia in promoting new and less readily available plants.
The database is maintained in FileMaker Pro (MAC), and will be made available in several DOS or MAC formats to those supplying a unformatted3.5” DD or HD disk.
422 PB 127 PERFORMANCE OF NITRATE -N FERTILIZERS ON BERMUDA GRASS IN HUMID TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Hamilton Mark D. , Cruz Frank J. , McConnell James 
Published: February 2019

The performance and leaching behavior of six nitrogen fertilizers on bermuda grass were studied under humid tropical conditions. The grass was established in 20 × 36 cm pots filled with 8 cm pea gravel and 28 cm of silica sand. Ammonium nitrate was applied to the turf at monthly rates between 0.25 and 6 lb/1000ft2. Performance was gauged by clipping dry weights, image analysis for greeness, and visual ratings. Leachates were checked for nitrate levels. A rate of 2 lbs/1000ft2 produced quality turf while yielding a minimum of nitrate leaching. Rates of 6 and 4 lb./1000ft2/mo. resulted in the highest readings without an increase in quality. Rates less than 2lb/1000ft2 had leachate nitrate less than 9 ppm but produced turf of unacceptable quality.
Nutralene, Nitroform, sulfur coated urea, IBDU, and AN were applied at a rate of 2 lb./1000ft/mo. The slow-release forms were applied as a 3 month dose. Performance was determined as above and nitrate leaching was monitored by weekly collections. Nutralene, SCU and Nitroform had peak nitrate levels 2 weeks after application, IBDU had peak nitrate levels after 4 weeks. Turf quality diminished at 6 weeks.
501 PB 213 THE EFFECT OF ALTERING THE N:S RATIO ON THE FLOWERING OF CUT CHRYSANTHEMUMS
Authors: Huang Li-Chun , Paparozzi Ellen T. 
Published: February 2019

previous studies indicate that there is a significant relationship between the levels of nitrogen and sulfur applied and the growth of floricultural crops. Poinsettia and roses grew well in experiments involving hydroponic solutions that contained reduced nitrogen and some sulfur.
Cuttings of Dendranthema grandiflora cv Dark Yellow Fuji Mefo, were grown in hydroponics with either 64, 127, or 254 ppm N in combination with either 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 ppm S. Plants were grown unpinched and short day treatment started at the end of week 3. Data recorded included symptoms of S deficiency, date of flower initiation, stem length, flower diameter and visual observation of root growth. Color difference of leaves was measured with a chromameter. New leaves and flower heads were taken for sulfur analysis; mature leaves were used for N analysis.
Plants receiving no S showed depressed initiation and development of branch roots, delayed flower initiation, reddened lower leaves and reduced plant growth. Plants receiving some S in combination with any level of N showed good color and acceptable flower diameter and stem length.
511 PB 283 SEASONAL COMPARISONS OF THREE ROSE (ROSA HYBRIDA L.) CULTIVARS
Authors: Story Virginia S. , Hopper Douglas A. , Meinke Troy T. 
Published: February 2019

Two-year-old Rosa hybrida L. `Royalty', `Emblem', and `Samantha' plants were pinched 20 Oct. and 28 Dec. 1992 for Christmas and Valentine's Day crops. At 10 and 25 days after pinch, and at flowering, 5 shoots from each bench location were destructively sampled for leaf (node) number, stem diameter, stem length, and fresh and dry weights of stem, leaves, and flower bud. Time to visible bud, to color, and to flower from pinch were also recorded.
Results were tabulated; an analysis of variance showed that the three rose cultivars produced flowers which were not significantly different within crops but were different between seasonal crops. The Christmas `Royalty' crop produced more flowers (but also more blind shoots) than did the Valentine's Day crop. Days to flower, stem diameters, and stem lengths were similar within and between crops for all cultivars. Total fresh and dry weights for all three cultivars tended to be greater for the Valentine's Day crop than for the Christmas crop. The seasonal photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) variation may account for these differences.
544 PB 084 AIR SUPPLY FOR LETTUCE TIPBURN PREVENTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON TRANSPIRATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Authors: Kossowski Jan M. , Wilcox Darlene A. , Langhans Robert 
Published: February 2019

Tipburn is considered a major limiting factor to lettuce production in greenhouses and controlled environment agriculture facilities. Conditions which promote optimal growth also result in high levels of tipburn incidence. It has been reported that air flow directed at inner leaves of rapidly growing lettuce can prevent tipburn without a concurrent reduction of growth, assumedly due to increased transpiration with increased air movement over leaf surfaces.
Lettuce was grown in the greenhouse in nutrient film technique, with additional lighting providing total of 17 to 19 mol m-2 d-1 of PAR. Control plants developed tipburn 20 to 25 days after seeding. Plants with air supplied to inner leaves by a perforated plastic sleeve did not develop tipburn up to 35 days after seeding. Diurnal changes in physiological parameters were measured starting one week prior to harvest. Leaves of control plants had significantly higher stomatal conductance and transpiration than did those of air-supplied plants, although diurnal patterns of control and air-treated plants were similar. Air flow treatment had no significant effect on the rate of photosynthesis. However, air-supplied plants had a slightly lower percentage of dry matter than control plants. The apparent growth reduction resulting from the air flow treatment evidently reduced the demand for calcium.
774 PB 360 THE RESPONSE OF IRIDON CHRYSANTHEMUMS TO DIFFERENT KINDS OF GROWTH REGULATORS
Authors: Williams Eddie B. , Hayslett William F. , Shaw Sabrina L. 
Published: February 2019

Growth regulators were applied on Iridon Chrysanthemums during the month of January, 1993 to determine their response. The growth regulators used were uniconizole, [(E)-(+)-(S)-I-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4 dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-trazol-lyl)-1-pent-lene-3-01],daminozide [(butanedoic acid mono (2,2dimethyl hydraide)], ancymidol [a-cyclopropyl-a-(p-methoxy-phenyl)-5-pyridinemethanol] and chlormequat* (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (not labeled for mums). The daminozide treated plants received a second application 14 days after the initial treatment. Peters 20-20-20 NPK water soluble all purpose fertilizer were used for all treatments.
There were significant differences in plant height, total fresh weight, total dry weight, total number of flowers, and total number of buds due to treatment. Uniconizode had the greatest effect on plant height, and the other parameters observed. Although there were differences between the uniconizide and daminozide treated plants for number of flowers and number of buds, these differences were not significant.
881 PB 273 MICROPROPAGATION OF CHIMERAL AFRICAN VIOLETS
Authors: Schoneweis Susan D. , Read Paul E. 
Published: February 2019

Chimeral African violets do not come true when propagated from leaf cuttings in conventional or micropropagation systems. Chimeral plants are normally propagated by rooting suckers from mother plants. Premium prices are charged for chimeral plants due to the low numbers produced.
Reports in the African violet Society Magazine indicate that chimeral plants can be started by rooting flower peduncles. However, only one or two new plants are generated from each peduncle.
Peduncle tissue was grown in vitro to produce large numbers of plants from chimeral African violets. Ratios of plants with true-to-type vs. off-type flowers varied by cultivar and tissue used. The potential use of this technology will be discussed.
908 PB 533 STUDIES ON NATURE OF SALT TOLERANCE IN OKRA
Authors: Okasha Kh. A. , Helal R. M. 
Published: February 2019

Salt tolerance of four okra cutivars namely : white velvet ; Gold coast ; Balady and Eskandarani, were investigated during three different stages of plant development namely : seed germination, seedling and reproductive stages. At both first and second stages of plant development various concentrations of sea water (diluted with tap water) were used for irrigation while at the third stage, various saline water with different electronic conductivities were used for irrigation
Results of these studies revealed that salinity reduced and delayed seed germination At this stage, white velvet cv. appeared to be tolerant to salinity. At the seedling stage, salinity generally reduced hash weight of plant for all tested cuitivars and Gold coast was the lead affected one At the reproductive stage, salinity reduced plant growth and total yield/plant but with different degrees depending upon cultivar In this respect, yield of both Gold coast and Balady was not greatly reduced at the high level of salinity
The anatomical studies showed that salinity reduced xylem and phloem elements in okra roots depending upon both salinity level and cultivar
Generally, the obtained results suggest that both Gold coast and Balady okra cultivars can considered as tolerant genotypes to salinity and recommended for cultivation in both and and semi-arid lands where salinity is considered a potential problem
925 PB 476 IMPACT BRUISING AND DETERIORATION OF TOMATO FRUIT
Authors: Al-Said Fahad , Huber Donald J. 
Published: February 2019

A general feature of tomato fruit containing genetically reduced levels of polygalacmronase activity is decreased deterioration and cracking, particularly when handled at the ripe and over ripe stages. As fully ripe fruit are metabolically compromised and very prone to mechanical injuries, we investigated the influence of impact bruising on electrolyte leakage, pectin solubility, and depolymerization in ripening tomato fruit.
`Sunny' tomato fruit harvested at the mature-green, turning, and ripe stages of development and subjected to controlled impact injury exhibited elevated ethylene production at all developmental stages. Subsequent analyses were performed on discs prepared from bruised and uninjured pericarp tissue. Discs from bruised tissues exhibited enhanced electrolyte leakage and, in bruised tissues from ripe fruit, enhanced pectin efflux. Levels of soluble pectins derived from ethanol-insoluble powders were unaffected by bruising; however, pectins from bruised ripe fruit exhibited mol wt downshifts relative to those from nonbruised tissues.
931 PB 512 COMPARISON OF THREE CULTIVARS AND TWO HYBRIDS OF ONIONS (TEXAS GRANEX 502 PRR, TEXAS GRANEX 502, HOUSTON, HYBRID GRANEX 33, AND HYBRID GRANEX 429) ON DIFFERENT STORAGE TEMPERATURE
Authors: Manzano Juan E. , Zambrano Judith , Delgado Douglas 
Published: February 2019

Aproximately one Kg of Onions bulbs were put in a plastic net and stored at 5°C, 12°C and room temperature (25-3B)°C, with three replications. Analysis of samples were made weekly to detect weight loss during storage for thirteen weeks. Determination of soluble solid content, pH, titratable acidity, reducing sugars were made at weeks two and twelve. Onions stored at room temperature were completely rot, in the week fourteen.
Weight loss was lower at 5°C storage In the cultivar Texas Granex 502. In this cultivar soluble solid and pH increase during storage to low temperature while titratable acidity and reducing sugar decreased. The cultivar Texas Granex 502 was the best.
1035 CONTAINER ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTION IN AN ARTIFICIAL POTTING MIX
Authors: Rauch Fred D. , Murakami Paul K. 
Published: February 2019

Several trials have been conducted to determine the optimum amendment level for the production of container foliage plants in a 1:1, V:V, peat:perlite potting mix.
Experiments with various controlled-release fertilizers have shown superior growth and quality with resin coated products in an artificial mix. This appears to correspond to the nitrogen source with those containing nitrate and ammonium nitrogen giving better results than those with other nitrogen sources, such as IBDU or urea.
Trials with variable rates of dolomitic lime resulted in better or equal growth and quality of a variety of foliage plants without added lime even at pH levels of 4.0.
These results suggest the recommendations for the production of container plants in mixes without soil need to be reviewed and perhaps revised.
(214) Brassinosteroid-induced Femaleness in Cucumber and Relationship to Ethylene Production
Authors: Papadopoulou Ekaterina , Grumet Rebecca 
Published: February 2019

The cucurbit family is noted for diversity in sex expression phenotypes. Typically, a phase of male flowers precedes the appearance of female or hermaphrodite flowers. Sex determination of individual flowers is regulated by genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Ethylene, auxins, and gibberellins all influence flower sex, with ethylene, which promotes femaleness, playing a predominant role. In this study, we tested whether brassinosteroids, a more recently identified class of plant hormones, also influence cucurbit sex expression. Applied epi-brassinolide (epi-BL) caused a significant decrease in time of appearance of the first female flower on monoecious cucumber plants, and increased total female flowers on the main stem. Increasing concentrations had a stronger effect. Of the three species tested, cucumber, melon, and zucchini, cucumber was the most responsive. Application of epi-BL also caused an increase in ethylene production by cucumber and zucchini seedlings, suggesting that the BR effect may be mediated by ethylene. To investigate the possible relationship between BR and ethylene on sex expression, we identified the concentration of ethephon (5 ppm) that caused an increase in ethylene production comparable to that induced by 10 μm epi-BL (about two-fold). Treatment with 5 ppm ethephon was sufficient to increase femaleness of cucumber plants, but not zucchini plants, suggesting that the difference in response to epi-BL may reflect differences in sensitivity to ethylene. Collectively, our results indicate that application of brassinosteroids to cucumber cause earlier and increased female flower production, and that the effects may be mediated, at least in part, by brassinosteroid-induced increased production of ethylene.
(465) Inhibitory Effect of Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Extracts on Activator Protein-1, Nuclear Factor-KappaB, and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases
Authors: Wang Shiow , Feng Ren-tian , Bowman Linda , Penhallegon Ross , Ding Min 
Published: February 2019

The effects of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) extracts on activator protein-1 (AP-1), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were evaluated. Pretreatment of JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells with lingonberry extracts produced a dose-dependent inhibition of AP-1 and NF-κB induced by either 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or ultraviolet-B (UVB) light. Lingonberry extracts blocked UVB-induced phosphorylation of MAPK family members ERK1, ERK2, and p38, but not JNK. Lingonberry extracts also prevented TPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2. Results of soft agar assays indicated that lingonberry extracts suppressed TPA-induced neoplastic transformation of JB6 P+ cells in a dose-dependent manner. Lingonberry extracts also induced the apoptosis of human leukemia HL-60 cells in a dose-independent manner. These results suggest that ERK1 and ERK2 may be inhibited by lingonberries, which results in suppression of AP-1 and neoplastic transformation in JB6 P+ cells and causes cancer cell death by an apoptotic mechanism in human leukemia HL-60 cells.
Grain Sorghum Yield Components as Influenced by Hybrid, Seeding Date, and Irrigation
Authors: Bruns H. Arnold 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas
Grain sorghum, though not a new crop to the Lower Mississippi River Valley, has received very limited attention in recent years with respect to management research.
Row‐crop irrigation has greatly increased in the Mississippi Delta over the past 20 years to where sub‐surface acquifers are being mined at unsustainable rates.
Grain sorghum appears to benefit very little or not at all from irrigation and may provide a cash crop that will help reduce irrigation water depletion.
Production practices of grain sorghum that manage around some of the newer pest problems that have recently appeared are in need of development.
Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production retains some interest in the midsouth states as a rotation crop and a drought‐tolerant option in limited or non‐irrigated cropping systems, thus helping conserve water resources. An experiment was conducted using four grain sorghum hybrids to measure the effects of irrigation vs. no irrigation plus May vs. June seeding dates on yield and yield components of the crop. The May seeding was the normal time of planting while the June seeding simulated double‐cropping after wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) Furrow irrigation had no impact on seed yield at either seeding date. June seedings were lower (≤4626.4 kg ha−1) than May seedings (≥5168.3 kg ha−1). No differences among hybrids were observed between years of the two May seedings. However, all hybrid yields for June seedings in 2017 were significantly less than the 2016 crop. Heads per hectare basically did not differ between years, but May seedings produced more heads (≥134,167 heads ha−1) than June seedings (≤118,504 heads ha−1). Despite reduced grain yields by June seedings, the lack of having to irrigate double‐crop grain sorghum as opposed to having to irrigate double‐crop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] makes the former a viable option for water conservation and potential profit.