bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Eddy-Generation Mechanism on the Characteristic of On-Source Fire Whirl
Authors: Wang Cheng , Yuen Anthony Chun Yin , Chan Qing Nian , Chen Timothy Bo Yuan , Chen Qian , Cao Ruifeng , Yip Ho Lung , Kook Sanghoon , Yeoh Guan Heng 
Published: September 2019

This paper numerically examines the characterisation of fire whirl formulated under various entrainment conditions in an enclosed configuration. The numerical framework, integrating large eddy simulation and detailed chemistry, is constructed to assess the whirling flame behaviours. The proposed model constraints the convoluted coupling effects, e.g., the interrelation between combustion, flow dynamics and radiative feedback, thus focuses on assessing the impact on flame structure and flow behaviour solely attribute to the eddy-generation mechanisms. The baseline model is validated well against the experimental data. The data of the comparison case, with the introduction of additional flow channelling slit, is subsequently generated for comparison. The result suggests that, with the intensified circulation, the generated fire whirl increased by 9.42 % in peak flame temperature, 84.38 % in visible flame height, 6.81 % in axial velocity, and 46.14 % in velocity dominant region. The fire whirl core radius of the comparison case was well constrained within all monitored heights, whereas that of the baseline tended to disperse at 0.5 m height-above-burner. This study demonstrates that amplified eddy generation via the additional flow channelling slit enhances the mixing of all reactant species and intensifies the combustion process, resulting in an elongated and converging whirling core of the reacting flow.
Beta-2 microglobulina para detección de enfermedad renal en la asociación del adulto mayor
Authors: Castro Jalca Alexander Darío , Marcillo Proaño Erick Xavier , Castro Jalca Jazmín Elena , Reyes Baque Javier Martín 
Published: September 2019

Recibido: 16 de Julio de 2019Aprobado: 14 de agosto de 2019La enfermedad renal es el resultado final de una serie de situaciones patológicas que causan daño irreversible al riñón, terminando en una pérdida progresiva de la función renal, que generalmente tiene consecuencias letales si el paciente no recibe tratamiento de diálisis o un trasplante. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, constituye una causa importante de muerte y discapacidad y estima que su tendencia crecerá de manera exponencial, fundamentalmente entre las poblaciones vulnerables, presentándose como una amenaza para la salud pública. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar la prevalencia de la enfermedad renal en los miembros de la Asociación de Ancianos del Cantón Jipijapa, mediante el análisis de indicadores de concentración sanguínea del polipéptido Beta-2 Microglobulina, por métodos turbidimétricos; y relacionarlo con los factores de riesgo asociados al deterioro de la función renal, que se revelaron en las consultas de hábitos realizadas a estas personas mayores, como una acción profiláctica y detección temprana del padecimiento. Se empleó un método descriptivo de corte transversal, basado en un muestreo probabilístico que incluyó 49 individuos con una edad promedio de 71 años, los que se sometieron a los exámenes y encuestas. Los datos fueron recopilados en una ficha de registro y procesados en SPSS para su análisis. A pesar de que el 75.5% de los sujetos reflejaron valores aceptables en las pruebas de Microglobulina Beta-2, no se puede descartar que el resto presentara resultados considerados superiores a lo normal, corroborando la hipótesis inicial de que más del 15% de la población de estudio tenía valores elevados de concentración de las moléculas en estudio, lo que indica que desarrollaban una enfermedad renal. Los principales factores de riesgo asociados detectados corresponden, en orden de prioridad, a la hipertensión arterial y a la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. La relación entre la exposición al riesgo y los resultados de la prueba confirmaron su influencia y el efecto nocivo sobre los afectados.
KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Zain Muhammad Sofyan , Gunawan Gunawan 
Published: September 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter peduli lingkungan terhadap pembelajaran fisika di MAN IC Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa MAN IC Jambi kelas X MIA dan X1 MIA dengan total 45 murid. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket yang terdiri dari 25 soal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa siswa masih kurang dalam mengikuti kegiatan penyuluhan kebersihan lingkungan dan menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dengan lebih memilih tissue daripada sapu tangan namun secara keseluruhan dapat dikatakan tingkat kepedulian siswa kelas X MIA dan X1 MIA itu baik .
Kata Kunci:Karakter; Peduli; Lingkungan,; Fisika.
Asosiasi Genotip Apolipoprotein E dengan Keluaran Pasien Pasca Stroke Iskemik
Authors: Sebastian Everhardus , Kustiowati Endang , - Noorwijayahadi 
Published: September 2019

Latar belakang : Gen Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) diduga mempunyai peranan dalam kepekaan kejadian dan keluaran stroke. ApoE berperan dalam plastisitas susunan saraf pusat dengan melindungi dan memperbaiki neuron secara langsung maupun melalui protein yang dibentuknya. Alel ApoE ?4 memiliki kadar kolesterol plasma yang lebih tinggi serta kurang efektif dalam memproteksi neuron dari proses inflamasi dibandingkan alel ApoE ?2 dan ?3. Hubungan antara genotip ApoE dan keluaran fungsional pada pasien stroke iskemik masih kontroversi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui adanya asosiasi antara alel genotip ApoE dan faktor risiko stroke dengan keluaran pada pasien pasca stroke iskemik.
Metode : penelitian belah lintang dari bulan April – Juni 2012 dengan pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif sebanyak 34 pasien pasca stroke iskemik di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan status neurologis dengan NIHSS, pemeriksaan laboratorium darah serta pemeriksaan genotip ApoE dengan metode PCR-RFLP. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan pengolah data statistik.
Hasil : Tidak didapatkan asosiasi antara genotip ApoE dengan skor NIHSS. Terdapat asosiasi antara umur, kadar kolesterol total dengan skor NIHSS (p<0,05)
Simpulan : Tidak didapatkan asosiasi antara genotip ApoE dengan keluaran pasien pasca stroke iskemik.
Kata kunci : Genotip ApoE, Skor NIHSS, Stroke Iskemik
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Beresiko pada Remaja
Authors: Nurtini Ni Made , Purnama Dewi Komang , Noriani Ni Ketut 
Published: September 2019

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah prevalensi perilaku remaja yang beresiko semakin meningkat dan akibat yang ditimbulkan juga semakin mengkhawatirkan. Perilaku beresiko remaja memiliki dampak akan menurunnya kualitas kehidupan keluarga yang terjadi saat ini maupun dimasa yang akan datang. Angka kenakalan yang cukup besar ini bisa menjadi tantangan yang berat bagi pemerintah, terutama berkaitan dengan pengembangan dan pelaksanaan program kesehatan reproduksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku beresiko pada remaja. Metodelogi dalam penelitian ini adalah analitik cross sectional. Jumlah sampel yang dibutuhkan peneliti sebagai subjek penelitian adalah sebanyak 263 orang responden dari jumlah populasi sebanyak 767 orang. Penentuan jumlah sample menggunakan accidental sampling dengan kurun waktu 2 bulan (Januari sampai Maret 2018). Analisa bivarian menggunakan chi-square. Hasil dan Pembahasan Faktor predisposisi yang paling banyak dengan kategori baik sebanyak 203 (77,2%), dari faktor Enabling paling banyak dengan kategori baik sebanyak 242 (92%), dari faktor Reinforcing paling banyak dengan kategori baik sebanyak 227 (86,3%). Adanya hubungan antara faktor predisposisi remaja dengan perilaku beresiko remaja. Adanya hubungan antara faktor Enabling remaja dengan perilaku beresiko remaja. Adanya hubungan antara faktor Reinforcing remaja dengan perilaku beresiko remaja. Perilaku yang didasari oleh pengetahuan akan lebih langgeng daripada perilaku yang tidak didasari oleh pengetahuan. Pengetahuan diperoleh baik melalui media tertulis maupun pengalaman. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Surji tahun 2015 diketahui kehadiran internet mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap kehidupan remaja diantaranya, internet digunakan sebagai media untuk komunikasi yang efektif, menambah wawasan, menambah pertemanan, sarana berbisnis online.
Discovery of a Red Supergiant Donor Star in SN2010da/NGC 300 ULX-1
Authors: Heida M. , Lau R. M. , Davies B. , Brightman M. , Fürst F. , Grefenstette B. W. , Kennea J. A. , Tramper F. , Walton D. J. , Harrison F. A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
SN2010da/NGC 300 ULX-1 was first detected as a supernova impostor in 2010 May and was recently discovered to be a pulsating ultraluminous X-ray source. In this Letter, we present Very Large Telescope/X-shooter spectra of this source obtained in 2018 October, covering the wavelength range 350–2300 nm. The J- and H-bands clearly show the presence of a red supergiant (RSG) donor star that is best matched by a MARCS stellar atmosphere with T
eff = 3650–3900 K and log(L
bol/L
⊙) = 4.25 ± 0.10, which yields a stellar radius R = 310 ± 70R
⊙. To fit the full spectrum, two additional components are required: a blue excess that can be fitted either by a hot blackbody (T ≳ 20,000 K) or a power law (spectral index α ≈ 4) and is likely due to X-ray emission reprocessed in the outer accretion disk or the donor star; and a red excess that is well fitted by a blackbody with a temperature of ∼1100 K, and is likely due to warm dust in the vicinity of SN2010da. The presence of an RSG in this system implies an orbital period of at least 0.8–2.1 yr, assuming Roche-lobe overflow. Given the large donor-to-compact object mass ratio, orbital modulations of the radial velocity of the RSG are likely undetectable. However, the radial velocity amplitude of the neutron star is large enough (up to 40–60 km s−1) to potentially be measured in the future, unless the system is viewed at a very unfavorable inclination.
Outcomes of the “steady-state crisis” experiment in the MIR reactor channel
Authors: Alekseev Aleksandr V. , Dreganov Oleg I. , Izhutov Aleksey L. , Kiseleva Irina V. , Shulimov Vitaly N. 
Published: September 2019

To license nuclear fuel for nuclear power plants, data on the behavior of fuel elements (FE) under design-basis accidents are required. These data are obtained during tests of fuel assemblies (FA) and single fuel elements in research reactor channels followed by post-test studies in protective chambers.
A reactivity-initiated accident (RIA) with an unauthorized release of CPS rods from the reactor core leads to a pulsed channel power increase. This accident can proceed according to two scenarios: without a critical heat flux (CHF) on the fuel element jacket at the final stage and with a dry heat flux. To date, a series of experiments have been carried out according to the first scenario in the MIR reactor channel and the corresponding data on the behavior of fuel elements have been obtained. An urgent task for today is to prepare and conduct reactor experiments according to the second scenario.
The main experimental parameter that determines the behavior and final state of the studied fuel elements is their temperature. No experimental data were found on the critical heat flux for the rod bundles in the low coolant mass flow rate region (experiments in the MIR reactor channel can be conducted in the range of 200–250 kg/(m2s)). The available data are in the extrapolation range.
The “steady-state crisis” experiment was conducted to obtain data on the critical heat flux value within the specified coolant mass flow rate range in the MIR reactor channel. The test object was a jacket fuel assembly composed of three shortened VVER-1000 fuel rods with a length of 1230 mm (the fuel part length = 1000 mm) installed in a triangular grid at a pitch of 12.75 mm, which is a cell of the VVER-1000 core. This assembly configuration is used for in-pile tests to study the behavior of fuel elements under emergency conditions.
The in-pile testing results are presented. The paper shows the possibility of detecting the start and development of a dry heat flux based on the readings of thermocouples located inside the FE kernel. As a result, the directly measured test parameters were used to determine the critical heat flux value.
Development of the model to determine the fuel temperature field in a two-dimensional problem statement
Authors: Gorbunov Vladimir A. , Ivanova Natalya B. , Lonshakov Nikita A. , Belov Yaroslav V. 
Published: September 2019

Water-cooled water-moderated reactors (VVER) are widely used at Russian nuclear power plants. The VVER reactor core is formed by fuel assemblies consisting of fuel rods. The fuel in fuel rods is uranium dioxide. The safety of the reactor operation is ensured through stringent requirements for the maximum nuclear fuel temperature. Calculation of temperature fields within the reactor core requires associated problems to be solved to determine the internal energy release in fuel based on neutronic characteristics. Dedicated software for such calculations is not available to a broad range of users. At the present time, there are numerical thermophysical modeling packages available for training or noncommercial applications which are used extensively, including Elcut, Flow Vision, Ansys Fluent, and Comsol Multiphysics. Verification of the obtained results is becoming an important issue in building models using these calculation packages.
An analytical solution was obtained as part of the study for the fuel temperature field determination. A program was developed in MathCAD based on this solution. A model was developed in Comsol Multiphysics to determine the fuel temperature field with constant thermophysical properties in a two-dimensional problem statement. The numerical model was verified using the analytical solution. The influence of the number of the grid nodes on the solution accuracy was established. The analytical solution can be used to determine the fuel temperature field at any radial coordinate of the reactor. The temperature field determination model developed in MathCAD can be used to verify numerical models of the fuel temperature field determination developed in dedicated packages.
Postoperative Optical Aberrations in Eyes Implanted With AcrySof Spherical and Aspheric Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Cadarso Luis , Iglesias Ana , Ollero Alberto , Pita Begoña , Montés-Micó Robert 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
To evaluate and compare optical and visual quality of eyes implanted with spherical and aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods
Twenty eyes of 17 patients were implanted with the AcrySof Natural IQ aspheric IOL (SN60WF) and 20 eyes of 15 patients were implanted with the AcrySof Natural spherical IOL (SN60AT). Photopic monocular distance best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was recorded at 6 months postoperatively. Corneal aberrations were measured with the CSO Eyetop topographer, and ocular aberrations were measured with a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer for a 6-mm pupil. Ocular spherical aberration was computed for different pupil diameters (3, 4, 5, and 6 mm).

Results

No statistically significant differences were found between the BSCVA of the AcrySof IQ IOL (0.023±0.004 logMAR) and AcrySof Natural IOL (0.031±0.003 logMAR) (
P
=.15). The corneal higher order aberrations showed no statistically significant differences between groups (
P
>.1). However, spherical aberration and higher order ocular aberrations in the AcrySof IQ eyes were lower than eyes implanted with the AcrySof Natural IOL (
P
<.01). A statistically significant increase in the spherical aberration coefficient with pupil diameter was found only for the spherical IOL group (
P
=.0023). Statistically significant differences in the spherical aberration coefficient were found between groups at all pupil diameters (
P
<.001).

Conclusions

A significant reduction in ocular spherical aberration was noted after AcrySof IQ IOL implantation at all pupil diameters compared to the spherical IOL, although photopic BSCVA between groups remained similar. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:811–816.]
Differential Effect of Mucosal NKp44+ Innate Lymphoid Cells and Δγ Cells on Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Outcome in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Arif , Ko Eun-Ju , Enyindah-Asonye Gospel , Helmold Hait Sabrina , Hogge Christopher , Hunegnaw Ruth , Venzon David J. , Hoang Tanya , Robert-Guroff Marjorie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
NK cells are essential for controlling viral infections. We investigated NK cell and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) dynamics and function in rhesus macaque rectal tissue and blood following mucosal priming with replicating adenovirus (Ad)–SIV recombinants, systemic boosting with SIV envelope protein, and subsequent repeated low-dose intravaginal SIV exposures. Mucosal memory-like NK and ILC subsets in rectal and vaginal tissues of chronically infected macaques were also evaluated. No differences in NK cell or ILC frequencies or cytokine production were seen between vaccinated and Ad-empty/alum controls, suggesting responses were due to the Ad-vector and alum vaccine components. Mucosal NKp44+ ILCs increased postvaccination and returned to prelevels postinfection. The vaccine regimen induced mucosal SIV-specific Ab, which mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and was correlated with mucosal NKp44+CD16+ ILCs. Postvaccination NKp44+ and NKp44+IL-17+ ILC frequencies were associated with delayed SIV acquisition and decreased viremia. In chronically SIV-infected animals, NKp44+ ILCs negatively correlated with viral load, further suggesting a protective effect, whereas, NKG2A− NKp44− double-negative ILCs positively correlated with viral load, indicating a pathogenic role. No such associations of circulating NK cells were seen. Δγ NK cells in mucosal tissues of chronically infected animals exhibited impaired cytokine production compared with non-Δγ NK cells but responded to anti-gp120 Ab and Gag peptides, whereas non-Δγ NK cells did not. Mucosal Δγ NKp44+ and Δγ DN cells were similarly associated with protection and disease progression, respectively. Thus, the data suggest NKp44+ ILCs and Δγ cells contribute to SIV infection outcomes. Vaccines that promote mucosal NKp44+ and suppress double-negative ILCs are likely desirable.
A Human IgE Antibody Binding Site on Der p 2 for the Design of a Recombinant Allergen for Immunotherapy
Authors: Glesner Jill , Kapingidza A. Brenda , Godzwon Magdalena , Offermann Lesa R. , Mueller Geoffrey A. , DeRose Eugene F. , Wright Paul , Richardson Crystal M. , Woodfolk Judith A. , Vailes Lisa D. , Wünschmann Sabina , London Robert E. , Chapman Martin D. , Ohlin Mats , Chruszcz Maksymilian , Pomés Anna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Der p 2 is one of the most important allergens from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Identification of human IgE Ab binding epitopes can be used for rational design of allergens with reduced IgE reactivity for therapy. Antigenic analysis of Der p 2 was performed by site-directed mutagenesis based on the x-ray crystal structure of the allergen in complex with a Fab from the murine IgG mAb 7A1 that binds an epitope overlapping with human IgE binding sites. Conformational changes upon Ab binding were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance using a 7A1–single-chain variable fragment. In addition, a human IgE Ab construct that interferes with mAb 7A1 binding was isolated from a combinatorial phage-display library constructed from a mite-allergic patient and expressed as two recombinant forms (single-chain Fab in Pichia pastoris and Fab in Escherichia coli). These two IgE Ab constructs and the mAb 7A1 failed to recognize two Der p 2 epitope double mutants designed to abolish the allergen–Ab interaction while preserving the fold necessary to bind Abs at other sites of the allergen surface. A 10–100-fold reduction in binding of IgE from allergic subjects to the mutants additionally showed that the residues mutated were involved in IgE Ab binding. In summary, mutagenesis of a Der p 2 epitope defined by x-ray crystallography revealed an IgE Ab binding site that will be considered for the design of hypoallergens for immunotherapy.
Distinct PLZF+CD8αα+ Unconventional T Cells Enriched in Liver Use a Cytotoxic Mechanism to Limit Autoimmunity
Authors: Sheng Huiming , Marrero Idania , Maricic Igor , Fanchiang Shaohsuan S. , Zhang Sai , Sant'Angelo Derek B. , Kumar Vipin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Hepatic immune system is uniquely challenged to mount a controlled effector response to pathogens while maintaining tolerance to diet and microbial Ags. We have identified a novel population of innate-like, unconventional CD8αα+TCRαβ+ T cells in naive mice and in human peripheral blood, called CD8αα Tunc, capable of controlling effector T cell responses. They are NK1.1+ (CD161+ in human), express NK-inhibitory receptors, and express the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) transcription factor that distinguishes them from conventional CD8+ T cells. These cells display a cytotoxic phenotype and use a perforin-dependent mechanism to control Ag-induced or T cell–mediated autoimmune diseases. CD8αα Tunc are dependent upon IL-15/IL-2Rβ signaling and PLZF for their development and/or survival. They are Foxp3-negative and their regulatory activity is associated with a functionally distinct Qa-1b–dependent population coexpressing CD11c and CD244. A polyclonal TCR repertoire, an activated/memory phenotype, and the presence of CD8αα Tunc in NKT- and in MAIT-deficient as well as in germ-free mice indicates that these cells recognize diverse self-protein Ags. Our studies reveal a distinct population of unconventional CD8+ T cells within the natural immune repertoire capable of controlling autoimmunity and also providing a new target for therapeutic intervention.
A Teoria APOS nas teses e dissertações defendidas em Programas de Pós-Graduação nas áreas de Educação Matemática ou Ensino de Ciências e Matemática
Authors: Messias Maria Alice de Vasconcelos Feio , Brandemberg João Cláudio 
Published: September 2019

Apresentamos nesse artigo um levantamento das teses e dissertações defendidas no Brasil que tiveram a Teoria APOS como suporte teórico. Para tanto, buscamos no catálogo de teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) trabalhos que contemplassem a referida teoria em sua fundamentação teórica. O termo ‘Teoria APOS’ foi definido como chave de pesquisa, de maneira que consideramos os trabalhos desenvolvidos em Programas de Pós-Graduação vinculados à área de Educação Matemática ou Ensino de Ciências e Matemática. Nessas condições, observamos que 8 dissertações e 3 teses foram defendidas no período de 2010 a 2017. Evidenciamos que tais pesquisas foram realizadas em três instituições, sendo uma delas localizada na região sudeste, e as outras duas, na região sul do país. Os objetos de pesquisa desses trabalhos foram pautados, principalmente, na concepção de estudantes acerca de determinados conhecimentos matemáticos sob o ponto de vista da teoria APOS.
Mapping Cross-Border Financial Linkages - A Supporting Case for Global Financial Safety Nets
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This paper maps cross-border financial linkages and identifies factors that drive them, contributing to the discussion on the appropriate design of a global financial safety net (GFSN). It builds on previous staff work and complements the findings of the companion paper on the Analytics of Systemic Crises and the Role of Global Financial Safety Nets. This paper notes the growing roles of financial linkages and complexity in injecting latent instability into the global financial system, underscoring the value of a GFSN design that is effective in forestalling the risk that a localized liquidity shock propagates through the global financial network turning into a large-scale systemic crisis.