bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher risk of malignant neoplasms in young adults with end‐stage renal disease receiving haemodialysis: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Pan Heng‐Chih , Sun Chiao‐Yin , Wu I‐Wen , Tsai Tien‐Ling , Sun Chi‐Chin , Lee Chin‐Chan 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAimPrevious investigations have shown that end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with an increased risk of malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore the association between ESRD in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (HD) and the incidence of malignancies according to age.MethodsWe analysed a nationwide cohort retrieved from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database to study the incidence of malignancies in patients who were and were not receiving HD. One million beneficiaries were randomly selected and followed from 2005 to 2013. Of these 1 000 000 patients, 3055 developed ESRD and commenced maintenance HD during this period. For each HD patient, four age‐, gender‐ and diabetes‐matched controls were selected from the database (n = 12 220). We further stratified the patients according to age. The study endpoint was the occurrence of malignancy.ResultsThe incidence rates of malignancy were 6.8% and 4.9% in the HD and control groups, respectively. Competing risk regression analysis indicated that age, HD, male gender and diabetes were associated with an increased risk of malignancy. When further stratified according to age, the odds ratios of developing cancer were 5.8, 1.9, 1.9 and 1.5 among the HD patients aged <40 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years and 60–69 years, respectively.ConclusionThe patients with ESRD who received HD had a significantly higher cumulative risk of malignancy, especially those with a young age. Therefore, specialized cancer screening protocols for young HD patients might help to prolong their lifespan.
Sense of Coherence mediates the association between temporomandibular disorders and quality of life
Authors: Luz Fernanda W. Machado , Perroni Ana Paula , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Goettems Marília L. , Boscato Noéli 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate whether sense of coherence (SOC) mediates the association between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and general quality of life (QoL) in Brazilian elders.MethodsInformations on sociodemographic, psychological, and presence or absence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were collected by trained dentists among non‐institutionalized elders (n = 110). OHRQoL was measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) and QoL using the WHOQOL‐BREF. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to estimate the standardized direct effect of TMD on OHRQoL and on QoL, and the indirect effect mediated by SOC.ResultsTemporomandibular disorders had no direct effect on OHRQoL (coef. −0.10), whereas indirect effect mediated by SOC was noted (coef. 0.35). Regarding QoL, the indirect effect of TMD, mediated by SOC, on QoL (coef. 0.58) was higher than the direct effect (coef. 0.34).ConclusionSense of coherence mediated the effect of TMD on oral and general quality of life among elders.
Anesthesia for high‐risk procedures in the catheterization laboratory
Authors: Daaboul Dima G. , DiNardo James A. , Nasr Viviane G. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryRecent advances in catheterization and imaging technology allow for more complex procedures to be performed in the catheterization laboratory. A number of lesions are now amenable to a percutaneous procedure, eliminating or at least postponing the need for a surgical intervention. Due to the increase in the complexity of the procedures performed, the involvement of anesthesiologists and their close collaboration with the interventional cardiologists have increased. It is important to understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the patients and to anticipate the plans and the potential complications in order to manage them. We are witnessing a rise in the number of complex interventions in newborns and infants, such as balloon valvotomy (critical aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis), radio frequency perforation (of pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum), right ventricular outflow tract stenting (in Tetralogy of Fallot), ductal stenting (in some ductus‐dependent pulmonary circulation), and combined with a surgical procedure (hybrid procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome). Multiple registries have been created in order to understand and improve outcomes of patients with congenital heart disease undergoing catheterization procedures and to develop performance and quality metrics, from which data regarding anesthetic‐related risks can be extrapolated. Experienced personnel and a multidisciplinary team approach with direct communication among the team members is a must to ensure anticipation and management of critical events when they occur.
Facies and sedimentology of a carbonate delta drift (Miocene, Maldives)
Authors: Reolid Jesús , Betzler Christian , Lüdmann Thomas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe identification of sediment drifts typically relies on interpretation of reflection seismic data sets. This study sedimentologically analyzed an example of a carbonate delta drift previously identified in seismics in order to provide a catalogue of characteristic features at core and seismic scale for allowing testing the occurrence of this poorly known type of deposit elsewhere. Cores and downhole logs recovered during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 359 to the Maldives, in combination with seismic data, were analyzed with this objective. The diagnostic criteria for the sedimentological recognition of a delta drift are: (i) the development of sigmoidal clinoforms that thin out towards proximal and distal settings; (ii) a proximal part characterized by coarse‐grained facies with abundant shallow‐water components and distal areas dominated by fine‐grained facies with rare to absent shallow‐water components; (iii) winnowing of the finer fraction in proximal facies; (iv) extensive fragmentation of most of the bioclasts with minor intervals of well‐preserved components; (v) bigradational intervals in the proximal part and large channels in proximal to distal settings; and (vi) the lobe to delta shaped outline of the sediment accumulation. The characteristic shallow‐water fossil assemblage of the Mid to Upper Miocene delta drift consists of large benthic foraminifera (Amphistegina, Cycloclypeus, Lepidocyclina, Operculina and Heterostegina), fragmented red algae and bryozoans, equinoid debris, and Halimeda plates. The deeper‐water part of the drift bodies consists of fine‐grained planktonic foraminifera‐rich wackestone. Condensed intervals may occur as result of enhanced bottom‐current activity. In contrast to siliciclastic drift bodies, the carbonate delta drift has an important contribution by in situ shallow‐water carbonate production reminiscent of a shoal. In situ carbonate production is proposed as a major controlling factor which is as important as the pelagic settling or the shaping by density and bottom currents in siliciclastic drifts. In the absence of three‐dimensional data and in two‐dimensional views the carbonate delta drift sediment bodies resemble carbonate ramps, which indicates that there may be the need to re‐evaluate various cases of such systems described from the geological record.
The use of podcast videos for airway skills
Authors: Lee Susan C , Huang Henry , Minard Charles G , Schackman Julie , Rajagopalan Suman 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundFor a procedure‐driven specialty such as anaesthesiology, hands‐on training has always been the primary method of teaching airway skills. Although this method will always be a necessary component, the current generation of learners tend to gravitate toward media as educational sources. We propose that the addition of watching a series of podcast videos on airway management will further enhance the medical student's procedural skills.MethodsA total of 34 medical students scheduled for an anaesthesia rotation were randomised into two groups. Both groups received the conventional one‐to‐one hands‐on training on airway skills in the operating room; however, the study group received an additional series of podcast videos on airway equipment, mask ventilation and intubation. At the end of the rotation, all of the students were given an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) on a mannequin.ResultsThe study group who received the podcasts significantly out‐performed the control group on the OSCE (p = 0.003). The mean score for the podcast video group was 94.4%, versus 76.5% in the control group. Commonly missed steps by the control group included checking the endotracheal tube balloon before intubation, taping the eyes and auscultation of the epigastrium and lungs.DiscussionOur results showed that supplementing conventional hands‐on training with contemporary channels such as podcast videos improved learners’ procedural skills. The media format was relatable for these modern learners and provided the added benefit of self‐paced learning. Overall, the podcast videos made a positive contribution to students learning airway techniques.
Numerical simulation of solute transport and structural analysis for groundwater connection medium based on the tracer test
Authors: Wu J. , Li S. C. , Xu Z. H. , Zhang L. W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSolute transport characteristics and groundwater connection structures are mainly studied in this paper by adopting the numerical simulation and field tracer test. Firstly, the simulation method of solute transport is proposed. Then two kinds of representative geological models of tracer test are built, and the process of solute transport is simulated. The variation characteristics of solute transport under the conditions of straight pipeline and branch pipeline are summarized by analysis of the simulation results. The effects of the pipeline width, flow velocity and path difference of branch pipelines on the tracer curve are discussed. General laws of groundwater connection tracer curve are obtained. Finally, based on the field test results, and combined with engineering geological conditions, characteristics of karst groundwater systems, the groundwater connection structures are analysed and speculated in detail by the flow velocity and local monitoring curve. The results show that: (i) As the flow velocity increases, the peak of the tracer curve decreases gradually, as well as the time to peak; (ii) The peak of the tracer curve gradually decreases with the increasing pipeline width; (iii) Under the different path difference of branch pipeline, the tracer curves all present obvious ‘trailing’ phenomenon; (iv) The analysis process of groundwater connection structures can provide references for the same type of hydrological geological problems.
Improving outcomes for neonates with gastroschisis in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wright Naomi J , Langer Monica , Norman Irena CF , Akhbari Melika , Wafford Q Eileen , Ade-Ajayi Niyi , Davies Justine , Poenaru Dan , Sevdalis Nick , Leather Andy 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionThere is a significant disparity in outcomes for neonates with gastroschisis in high-income countries (HICs) compared with low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many LMICs report mortality rates between 75% and 100% compared with <4% in HICs.AimTo undertake a systematic review identifying postnatal interventions associated with improved outcomes for gastroschisis in LMICs.Methods and analysisThree search strings will be combined: (1) neonates; (2) gastroschisis and other gastrointestinal congenital anomalies requiring similar surgical care; (3) LMICs. Databases to be searched include MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis Global, and the Cochrane Library. Grey literature will be identified through Open-Grey, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry and ISRCTN registry (Springer Nature). Additional studies will be sought from reference lists of included studies. Study screening, selection, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality will be undertaken by two reviewers independently and team consensus sought on discrepancies. The primary outcome of interest is mortality. Secondary outcomes include complications, requirement for ventilation, parenteral nutrition duration and length of hospital stay. Tertiary outcomes include service delivery and implementation outcomes. The methodology of the studies will be appraised. Descriptive statistics and outcomes will be summarised and discussed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since no new data are being collected. Dissemination will be via open access publication in a peer-reviewed medical journal and distribution among global health, global surgery and children’s surgical collaborations and international conferences.ConclusionThis study will systematically review literature focused on postnatal interventions to improve outcomes from gastroschisis in LMICs. Findings can be used to help inform quality improvement projects in low-resource settings for patients with gastroschisis. In the first instance, results will be used to inform a Wellcome Trust-funded multicentre clinical interventional study aimed at improving outcomes for gastroschisis across sub-Saharan Africa.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018095349.
68-year-old woman with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sbarouni Eftihia , Kogerakis Nektarios , Stavridis George 
Published: December 2018

QuestionWhat is the most likely diagnosis?Mitral stenosis.Pericardial cyst.Left atrial appendage aneurysm.Left atrial myxoma.Atrial septal defect.
Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional, Epidemiological, Pan-India Study
Authors: Deshmukh Vaishali , Farishta Faraz , Bhole Milind 
Published: December 2018

Background. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and clinical and epidemiological factors of thyroid dysfunction (TD) in Indian patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 432 adults with an established diagnosis of MetS were enrolled across ten centers in India. Anthropometric measurements and vital signs were noted. Blood samples were tested for hemogram, coagulogram, lipid profile, and thyroid function. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting plasma insulin were used for the calculation of homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Overt hypothyroidism was defined as thyroid-stimulating hormoneTSH>4.50 μIU/mL with free thyroxineFT4<0.8 ng/dL and free triiodothyronineFT3<1.4 pg/mL; subclinical hypothyroidism asTSH>4.50 μIU/mL withFT4=0.8-1.8 ng/dL andFT3=1.4-4.4 pg/mL; overt hyperthyroidism asTSH<0.45 μIU/mL withFT4>1.8 ng/dL andFT3>4.4 pg/mL; and subclinical hyperthyroidism asTSH<0.45 μIU/mL withFT4=0.8-1.8 ng/dL andFT3=1.4-4.4 pg/mL.Results. About 121 out of 432 patients (28%) were diagnosed with TD (mean age±SD:47.9±10.96years), with women predominance (75% versus 25%). Most patients were in the >45 years of age group (men: 63%; women: 59%). TD was associated with high waist circumference (99.17%), reduced high-density lipoprotein-C (87.60%), raised HOMA-IR (86.78%), systolic blood pressure (77.69%), diastolic blood pressure (59.50%), fasting glucose (58.68%), and triglycerides (33.06%). Overt hypothyroidism was reported in 17.59% (N=76) of patients. Subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism were reported in 8.10%, 1.60%, and 0.70% patients with newly occurred TD, respectively. No case of overt hyperthyroidism was present in these patients.Conclusion. Hypothyroidism was the most common TD in Indian patients with MetS. A large proportion of TD cases diagnosed during the study highlight the need for vigilant thyroid screening in patients with MetS in a real-life setting.
Elevated WBP2 Expression in HER2-positive Breast Cancers Correlates with Sensitivity to Trastuzumab-based Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Retrospective and Multicentric Study
Authors: Kang Shin-Ae , Guan Jye Swei , Tan Hock Jin , Chu Tinghine , Thike Aye Aye , Bernadó Cristina , Arribas Joaquín , Wong Chow Yin , Tan Puay Hoon , Gudi Mihir , Putti Thomas Choudary , Sohn Joohyuk , Lim Swee Ho , Lee Soo Chin , Lim Yoon Pin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Trastuzumab-based chemotherapy has shown remarkable clinical benefits for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. However, treatment regimens involving trastuzumab had little or no effect for a subset of patients. Preliminary studies revealed WW-binding protein 2 (WBP2), an oncogenic transcription coactivator, to be coamplified with HER2 in 36% of HER2-positive breast cancers. We hypothesize that WBP2 regulates and correlates with the response of HER2-positive breast cancer to trastuzumab.

Experimental Design:
The coexpression of WBP2 and HER2 in breast tumors was validated using IHC. The role and mechanism of WBP2 in regulating breast cancer response to trastuzumab was elucidated using in vitro, patient-derived xenograft and murine xenograft models. A multicenter retrospective study involving 143 patients given neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy was conducted to determine whether WBP2 expression correlates with pathologic complete response (pCR).

Results:
Elevated expression of WBP2 significantly enhanced breast cancer's response to trastuzumab by augmenting trastuzumab-induced HER2 downregulation and cell-cycle arrest via inhibition of cyclin D expression. High level of WBP2 correlated with better pCR (67.19%) compared with low WBP2 level (26.58%). The highest response was observed in subgroups of patients with high WBP2–expressing tumors also aged below 50 years (77.78%) or were premenopausal in status (73.33%). Retrospectively, WBP2 demonstrated sensitivity of 80% to 81% and specificity of 76.5% to 80% in discriminating between patients showing pCR and non-pCR.

Conclusions:
WBP2 expression correlates with the response of HER2-positive breast cancer to trastuzumab-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Concept Grounding to Multiple Knowledge Bases via Indirect Supervision
Authors: Tsai Chen-Tse , Roth Dan 
Published: December 2018

We consider the problem of disambiguating concept mentions appearing in documents and grounding them in multiple knowledge bases, where each knowledge base addresses some aspects of the domain. This problem poses a few additional challenges beyond those addressed in the popular Wikification problem. Key among them is that most knowledge bases do not contain the rich textual and structural information Wikipedia does; consequently, the main supervision signal used to train Wikification rankers does not exist anymore. In this work we develop an algorithmic approach that, by carefully examining the relations between various related knowledge bases, generates an indirect supervision signal it uses to train a ranking model that accurately chooses knowledge base entries for a given mention; moreover, it also induces prior knowledge that can be used to support a global coherent mapping of all the concepts in a given document to the knowledge bases. Using the biomedical domain as our application, we show that our indirectly supervised ranking model outperforms other unsupervised baselines and that the quality of this indirect supervision scheme is very close to a supervised model. We also show that considering multiple knowledge bases together has an advantage over grounding concepts to each knowledge base individually.
Exploiting Parallel News Streams for Unsupervised Event Extraction
Authors: Zhang Congle , Soderland Stephen , Weld Daniel S. 
Published: December 2018

Most approaches to relation extraction, the task of extracting ground facts from natural language text, are based on machine learning and thus starved by scarce training data. Manual annotation is too expensive to scale to a comprehensive set of relations. Distant supervision, which automatically creates training data, only works with relations that already populate a knowledge base (KB). Unfortunately, KBs such as FreeBase rarely cover event relations ( e.g. “person travels to location”). Thus, the problem of extracting a wide range of events — e.g., from news streams — is an important, open challenge. This paper introduces NewsSpike-RE, a novel, unsupervised algorithm that discovers event relations and then learns to extract them. NewsSpike-RE uses a novel probabilistic graphical model to cluster sentences describing similar events from parallel news streams. These clusters then comprise training data for the extractor. Our evaluation shows that NewsSpike-RE generates high quality training sentences and learns extractors that perform much better than rival approaches, more than doubling the area under a precision-recall curve compared to Universal Schemas.
Entity Disambiguation with Web Links
Authors: Chisholm Andrew , Hachey Ben 
Published: December 2018

Entity disambiguation with Wikipedia relies on structured information from redirect pages, article text, inter-article links, and categories. We explore whether web links can replace a curated encyclopaedia, obtaining entity prior, name, context, and coherence models from a corpus of web pages with links to Wikipedia. Experiments compare web link models to Wikipedia models on well-known conll and tac data sets. Results show that using 34 million web links approaches Wikipedia performance. Combining web link and Wikipedia models produces the best-known disambiguation accuracy of 88.7 on standard newswire test data.
Parallel Algorithms for Unsupervised Tagging
Authors: Ravi Sujith , Vassilivitskii Sergei , Rastogi Vibhor 
Published: December 2018

We propose a new method for unsupervised tagging that finds minimal models which are then further improved by Expectation Maximization training. In contrast to previous approaches that rely on manually specified and multi-step heuristics for model minimization, our approach is a simple greedy approximation algorithm DMLC (Distributed-Minimum-Label-Cover) that solves this objective in a single step.We extend the method and show how to efficiently parallelize the algorithm on modern parallel computing platforms while preserving approximation guarantees. The new method easily scales to large data and grammar sizes, overcoming the memory bottleneck in previous approaches. We demonstrate the power of the new algorithm by evaluating on various sequence labeling tasks: Part-of-Speech tagging for multiple languages (including low-resource languages), with complete and incomplete dictionaries, and supertagging, a complex sequence labeling task, where the grammar size alone can grow to millions of entries. Our results show that for all of these settings, our method achieves state-of-the-art scalable performance that yields high quality tagging outputs.