bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Specific Estimates Indicate Potential Deleterious Capture Effects and Low Survival of Stocked Juvenile Colorado Pikeminnow
Authors: Clark Scott R. , Conner Mary M. , Durst Scott L. , Franssen Nathan R. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Hatcheries and stocking programs have become necessary to repatriate or augment populations of imperiled fishes worldwide. Over nearly two decades, millions of endangered juvenile Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius have been stocked into the San Juan River (Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah); however, recruitment of these individuals to adult life stages (age ≥6) remains low. Using a mark–recapture data set collected from annual riverwide electrofishing efforts between 2003 and 2016, we investigated apparent survival and capture probabilities of stocked Colorado Pikeminnow to identify age-specific bottlenecks contributing to this lack of recruitment. With relatively high capture rates, which averaged between 0.34 and 0.39 for the first 2 years after an individual's first encounter, our results indicated that survival was consistently less than 0.25 for young age-groups (i.e., ages 1–3), and no appreciable increase in survival occurred until fish had been in the river for at least 3 years (i.e., age ≥4+). Although age and capture effects were confounded for most age-groups, capture appeared to reduce apparent survival for age-2 fish by approximately 50%. The confounding effects of age, a completely hatchery-origin population, and extensive environmental alterations to the San Juan River make it difficult to disentangle factors associated with this overall reduced juvenile survival.
Recent Advances in Graphene Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Haque Enamul , Kim Jeonghun , Malgras Victor , Reddy Kakarla Raghava , Ward Alister C. , You Jungmok , Bando Yoshio , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHere, an interesting, new 0D material is presented: graphene quantum dots. The new properties arising from quantum confinement and edge effects after converting 2D graphene into graphene quantum dots have attracted great interest in various disciplines, such as physics, biology, materials, and chemistry. Here, the recent technological advances in the field of graphene quantum dots reported in the literature on both a theoretical and an experimental basis are highlighted. Various synthesis methodologies and physical properties are discussed, along with their implementation in energy (supercapacitors, fuel cells, photovoltaic devices, light‐emitting diodes), biomedical (biosensors, drug delivery, bioimaging), and environmental applications.
ISUOG Practice Guidelines: intrapartum ultrasound
Authors: Ghi T. , Eggebø T. , Lees C. , Kalache K. , Rozenberg P. , Youssef A. , Salomon L. J. , Tutschek B. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTPURPOSE AND SCOPEThe purpose of these Guidelines is to review the published techniques of ultrasound in labor and their practical applications, to summarize the level of evidence regarding the use of ultrasound in labor and to provide guidance to practitioners on when ultrasound in labor is clinically indicated and how the sonographic findings may affect labor management. We do not imply or suggest that ultrasound in labor is a necessary standard of care.
Spatial modeling with R‐INLA: A review
Authors: Bakka Haakon , Rue Håvard , Fuglstad Geir‐Arne , Riebler Andrea , Bolin David , Illian Janine , Krainski Elias , Simpson Daniel , Lindgren Finn 
Published: July 2018

Coming up with Bayesian models for spatial data is easy, but performing inference with them can be challenging. Writing fast inference code for a complex spatial model with realistically‐sized datasets from scratch is time‐consuming, and if changes are made to the model, there is little guarantee that the code performs well. The key advantages of R‐INLA are the ease with which complex models can be created and modified, without the need to write complex code, and the speed at which inference can be done even for spatial problems with hundreds of thousands of observations. R‐INLA handles latent Gaussian models, where fixed effects, structured and unstructured Gaussian random effects are combined linearly in a linear predictor, and the elements of the linear predictor are observed through one or more likelihoods. The structured random effects can be both standard areal model such as the Besag and the BYM models, and geostatistical models from a subset of the Matérn Gaussian random fields. In this review, we discuss the large success of spatial modeling with R‐INLA and the types of spatial models that can be fitted, we give an overview of recent developments for areal models, and we give an overview of the stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) approach and some of the ways it can be extended beyond the assumptions of isotropy and separability. In particular, we describe how slight changes to the SPDE approach leads to straight‐forward approaches for nonstationary spatial models and nonseparable space–time models.This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and TheoryStatistical Models > Bayesian ModelsData: Types and Structure > Massive Data
Genomic and transcriptomic comparison of Aspergillus oryzae strains: a case study in soy sauce koji fermentation
Authors: Zhong Yiyi , Lu Xi , Xing Lei , Ho Shiu Woon Allen , Kwan Hoi Shan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae is used in soy sauce koji making due to its high productivity of hydrolytic enzymes. In this study, we compared the genomes and transcriptomes of an industrial strain RD2 and a strain with decreased fermentation performance TS2, aiming to explain their phenotypic differences at the molecular level. Under the regulation of conidiation and fermentation conditions, the enhanced hydrolytic enzyme production and flavor precursor formation in RD2 described a complete expression profile necessary to maintain desirable fermentation performance. By contrast, central carbon metabolism was up-regulated in TS2 for fast growth, suggesting a conflicting relationship between mycelium growth and fermentation performance. Accumulation of mutations also lowered the fermentation performance of TS2. Our study has deepened the understanding of the metabolism and related regulatory mechanisms in desirable koji fermentation. A list of potential molecular markers identified here could facilitate targeted strain maintenance and improvement for better koji fermentation.
The efficacy of intracerebroventricular idursulfase‐beta enzyme replacement therapy in mucopolysaccharidosis II murine model: heparan sulfate in cerebrospinal fluid as a clinical biomarker of neuropathology
Authors: Sohn Young Bae , Ko Ah‐Ra , Seong Mi‐ran , Lee Soyeon , Kim Mi Ra , Cho Sung Yoon , Kim Jung‐Sun , Sakaguchi Makoto , Nakazawa Takahiro , Kosuga Motomichi , Seo Joo Hyun , Okuyama Torayuki , Jin Dong‐Kyu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II) is caused by a deficiency of iduronate‐2‐sulfatase that results in accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), including heparan sulfate (HS), which is considered to contribute to neuropathology. We examined the efficacy of intracerebroventricular (ICV) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) of idursulfase‐beta (IDS‐β) and evaluated the usefulness of HS as a biomarker for neuropathology in MPS II mice. We first examined the efficacy of three different doses (3, 10, and 30 μg) of single ICV injections of IDS‐β in MPS II mice. After the single‐injection study, its long‐term efficacy was elucidated with 30 μg of IDS‐β ICV injections repeated every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. The efficacy was assessed by the HS content in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain of the animals along with histologic examinations and behavioral tests. In the single‐injection study, the 30 μg of IDS‐β ICV injection showed significant reductions of HS content in brain and CSF that were maintained for 28 days. Furthermore, HS content in CSF was significantly correlated with HS content in brain. In the long‐term repeated‐injection study, the HS content in the brain and CSF was also significantly reduced and correlated. The histologic examinations showed a reduction in lysosomal storage. A significant improvement in memory/learning function was observed in open‐field and fear‐conditioning tests. ICV ERT with 30 μg of IDS‐β produced significant improvements in biochemical, histological, and functional parameters in MPS II mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that the HS in the CSF had significant positive correlation with brain tissue HS and GAG levels, suggesting HS in CSF as a useful clinical biomarker for neuropathology.
Hospital Disaster Preparedness in Switzerland Over a Decade: A National Survey
Authors: Dell’Era Simone , Hugli Olivier , Dami Fabrice 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe present study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of Swiss hospital disaster preparedness in 2016 compared with the 2006 data.MethodsA questionnaire was addressed in 2016 to all heads responsible for Swiss emergency departments (EDs).ResultsOf the 107 hospitals included, 83 (78%) returned the survey. Overall, 76 (92%) hospitals had a plan in case of a mass casualty incident, and 76 (93%) in case of an accident within the hospital itself. There was a lack in preparedness for specific situations: less than a third of hospitals had a specific plan for nuclear/radiological, biological, chemical, and burns (NRBC+B) patients: nuclear/radiological (14; 18%), biological (25; 31%), chemical (27; 34%), and burns (15; 49%), and 48 (61%) of EDs had a decontamination area. Less than a quarter of hospitals had specific plans for the most vulnerable populations during disasters, such as seniors (12; 15%) and children (19; 24%).ConclusionsThe rate of hospitals with a disaster plan has increased since 2006, reaching a level of 92%. The Swiss health care system remains vulnerable to specific threats like NRBC. The lack of national legislation and funds aimed at fostering hospitals’ preparedness to disasters may be the root cause to explain the vulnerability of Swiss hospitals regarding disaster medicine. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:433-439)
Neuroanatomical Correlates of Hierarchical Personality Traits in Chimpanzees: Associations with Limbic Structures
Authors: Latzman Robert D. , Boysen Sarah T. , Schapiro Steven J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA converging literature has revealed the existence of a set of largely consistent, hierarchically organized personality traits, that is broader traits are able to be differentiated into more fine-grained traits, in both humans and chimpanzees. Despite recent work suggesting a neural basis to personality in chimpanzees, little is known with regard to the involvement of limbic structures (i.e., amygdala and hippocampus), which are thought to play important roles in emotion. Using saved maximum likelihood estimated exploratory factor scores (two to five factors) in the context of a series of path analyses, the current study examined associations among personality dimensions across various levels of the personality hierarchy and individual variability of amygdala and hippocampal grey matter (GM) volume in a sample of captive chimpanzees (N=191). Whereas results revealed no association between personality dimensions and amygdala volume, a more nuanced series of associations emerged between hippocampal GM volume and personality dimensions at various levels of the hierarchy. Hippocampal GM volume associated most notably with Alpha (a dimension reflecting a tendency to behave in an undercontrolled and agonistic way) at the most basic two-factor level of the hierarchy; associated positively with Disinhibition at the next level of the hierarchy (“Big Three”); and finally, associated positively with Impulsivity at the most fine-grained level (“five-factor model”) of the hierarchy. Findings underscore the importance of the hippocampus in the neurobiological foundation of personality, with support for its regulatory role of emotion. Further, results suggest the importance of the distinction between structure and function, particularly with regard to the amygdala.
The assessment experience of spousal dementia care-givers: ‘It's made me realise that I am a person also’
Authors: Guberman Nancy , Keefe Janice , Fancey Pamela 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article is based on a study that used a validated care-giver assessment instrument known as ‘The C.A.R.E. (Caregivers’ Aspirations, Realities, and Expectations) Tool’ to understand its usefulness in working with older adults caring for a spouse with cognitive impairment. It draws on data collected as part of a larger, quasi-experimental pre- and post-test study examining the impact of a care-giver assessment on older spousal care-givers of a partner with cognitive impairment. One hundred community-living individuals (average age of 74) participated in the study. Participants met with a third-year nursing student who administered The C.A.R.E. Tool. Within three to seven days following this, a research team member conducted a semi-structured interview by telephone. This interview provided participants with the opportunity to comment on their experience and the usefulness of The C.A.R.E. Tool. Transcriptions of the interviews were analysed using a thematic analysis. Results indicate that the assessment experience was evaluated positively by most participants. Two broad themes emerged: assessment encourages care-givers to take stock of their situation, and it provides a relationship with a caring professional. In particular, the assessment experience gave these care-givers to have the opportunity to reflect, while expressing emotions and developing awareness, and provided them with an appreciated relationship with a caring professional who helped to validate and normalise their situation. For care-givers, the results suggest that assessment may serve as a catalyst for taking action in their care-giving situation or turning to services for help. For practitioners, assessment may increase awareness of the experience of spousal care-givers, potentially leading to interventions to support them. This study found that the attitudes and knowledge of practitioners play a role in care-givers’ experience of the assessment as positive. However, the goal of assessment must be clarified, as outcomes of other tools will differ depending on the aims.
Hyperlipoproteinemia and Cerebral Strokes
Authors: Dekaban Anatole S. , Steusing Jan K. , Stevens Harold 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDetermination of lipoprotein patterns and of major plasma lipids was carried out in 171 patients with strokes. Of these, 22 had hyperlipoproteinemia (HLIPR) by paper electrophoresis and by elevation of principal plasma lipids (either cholesterol over 300 mg/100 ml or triglycerides over 200 mg/100 ml or both these components). More than two-thirds of the patients had at least one close relative with elevated blood lipids. Using criteria of the World Health Organization, these patients were classified as follows: 5 had HLIPR type IIa, 8 had HLIPR type IIb, 3 had HLIPR type III and 6 had HLIPR type IV. Phospholipids showed relatively little change from the values of normal controls. The numerical distribution of patients with stroke and HLIPR into the four different types corresponds quite well with the approximate frequency of these types of HLIPR in the general population. Thus, this study does not indicate that the patients with a particular type of HLIPR are at a greater risk to have a stroke than those belonging to other types.
Response Recovery Cycles in the Visual Cortex and Superior Colliculus Following Conditioning ‘ON” and ‘OFF” Stimulation in the Rabbit
Authors: Molotchnikoff Stéphane , Dubuc Michel 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe responsiveness of the visual cortex (VC) and superior colliculus (SC) was simultaneously compared following conditioning “ON” or “OFF” stimulation, in the rabbit.Average evoked responses were recorded simultaneously from the visual cortex and superior colliculus. “ON” or “OFF” steps constituted the conditioning stimuli whereas the test stimulus consisted of optic nerve stimulation. All evoked responses exhibited a reversal of their polarity when the electrode was moved in the dorsoventral direction (Negative-Positive in the SC, Positive-Negative in the VC). This assured the somato-dentritic origin of the potentials. The results showed that responsiveness in both structures was significantly higher following an “OFF” stimulus than after an “ON” step. Collicular responsiveness was higher than in the VC when the same conditioning stimulus was applied. The spatial distribution of the source of “OFF” responses was circumscribed to the ventral part of the superficial layer of the superior colliculus. These results suggest specific properties associated with the brightening and dimming systems.
Lisbon: reading the (post-)colonial city from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century
Authors: PERALTA ELSA , DOMINGOS NUNO 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT:The study of the urban experience in Lisbon, the former capital of the Portuguese empire, creates a specific observatory to interpret the colonial process and its post-colonial developments. Following an itinerary from colonial to post-colonial times, this article examines the continuities and discontinuities of Lisbon's urban dynamics linked with Portugal's colonial history through three interlinked processes. First, the material inscription of policies of national identity in the memory space of the city since the late nineteenth century until today. Second, the expansion of a network of economic relations that affected Lisbon's industrial, commercial and urban life. And finally, the development of a system of social and political organization, where spatial distribution and civil and political rights were unequally distributed.
Barriers to exclusive breast-feeding in Indonesian hospitals: a qualitative study of early infant feeding practices
Authors: Flaherman Valerie J , Chan Shannon , Desai Riya , Agung Fransisca Handy , Hartati Hendri , Yelda Fitra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough initiating breast-feeding is common in Indonesia, rates of exclusive breast-feeding are low. Our objective was to identify early barriers to exclusive breast-feeding in Indonesian hospitals.DesignQualitative. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in April–June 2015. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.SettingIndonesian provinces of Jakarta, Banten and West Java.SubjectsFifty-four participants including public health officials, hospital administrators, health-care professionals and parents.ResultsFive themes were identified as contributing to low rates of early exclusive breast-feeding in Indonesian hospitals: (i) quality and quantity of breast-feeding education; (ii) marketing and influence of infant formula manufacturers; (iii) hospital infrastructure; (iv) policy, legislation and protocols; and (v) perceived need for infant formula supplementation. Participants noted that providers and mothers receive inadequate or incorrect education regarding breast-feeding; manufacturers promote infant formula use both inside and outside hospitals; constraints in physical space and hospital design interfere with early breast-feeding; legislation and protocols designed to promote breast-feeding are inconsistently enforced and implemented; and providers and mothers often believe infant formula is necessary to promote infant health. All participants identified numerous barriers to early exclusive breast-feeding that related to more than one identified theme.ConclusionsOur study identified important barriers to early exclusive breast-feeding in Indonesian hospitals, finding that participants consistently reported multifaceted barriers to early exclusive breast-feeding. Future research should examine whether system-level interventions such the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative might improve rates of exclusive breast-feeding by improving breast-feeding education, reducing manufacturer influence, modifying existing infrastructure and providing tools needed for protocols and counselling.
Landscape complexity perception and representation in a wine-growing region with the designation of origin in the Loire Valley (France): a cultural ecosystem service?
Authors: Hervé Morgane E. T. , Boudes Philippe , Cieslik Caroline , Montembault David , Jung Vincent , Burel Françoise , Cluzeau Daniel , Winter Silvia , Nicolai Annegret 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEcosystem services related to biodiversity, including cultural services, are essential for agricultural production such as viticulture. In agricultural landscapes, pesticides and mechanization threaten biodiversity, lead to landscape simplification and may reduce ecosystem services. On the other hand, consumers are more and more aware of environmental issues in food production. We investigated if landscape complexity, including soil management practices, was (i) appreciated by visitors and (ii) presented by winegrowers and tourism professionals in the French vineyards with the designation of geographical origin (DGO) ‘Coteaux du Layon’. Our goal was to determine if landscape complexity provides cultural ecosystem services such as aesthetics beneficial for the wine trade and the DGO region's attractiveness. We analyzed the iconographic content and the composition of landscape photographs on 50 websites to investigate if local winegrowers and tourism professionals associate biodiversity in the landscape and soil management practices with wine promotion. A questionnaire was realized to study the perception of local landscapes by interviewing 192 visitors of the region. The benefits of landscape complexity and soil management practices favoring biodiversity in viticulture were known and appreciated by many visitors, even if photographs of wine and traditional practices appeared to encourage wine purchasing. Local winegrowers’ representation of the DGO region only partially served these preferences; instead they mainly presented the wine-growing region by photographs focusing on wine bottles and vineyards. Consumer's preferences showed that complex landscapes could provide cultural ecosystem services that winegrowers are still less aware of. Therefore, complexity-targeted landscape planning including vegetation cover in soil management should be included in policy recommendations as agroecological measures for sustainable DGO production.
Families of the missing: Psychosocial effects and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Boss Pauline 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFamilies of the missing often have no facts to clarify whether their loved one is alive or dead, or if dead, where the remains are located. Such loss is called “ambiguous loss”, and those suffering from it will usually resist change and will continue to hope that the missing person will return. As this article will endeavour to explain, our goal as professionals working with the families of the missing is to help them shift to another way of thinking that allows them to live well despite ambiguous loss. To do this, we must acknowledge that the source of suffering – the ambiguity – lies outside the family. The article offers a psychosocial model with six guidelines focusing on meaning, mastery, identity, ambivalence, attachment, and finding new hope.