bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensino de Matemática e a produção de videoaulas
Authors: Santana Rogério , Januario Gilberto 
Published: July 2019

Apresentamos parte de uma pesquisa que explorou caminhos, sugestões e alternativas para a elaboração, criação e compartilhamento de videoaulas com conteúdos de Matemática. Foram utilizados os PCN dos 3º e 4º Ciclos do Ensino Fundamental e a Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo, tanto no estudo para argumentação de educação geral quanto para problematizar o ensino e a aprendizagem da Matemática. Realizamos levantamento em sites para encontrar softwares e recursos que atendessem às necessidades para elaborar, produzir e compartilhar vídeos educativos. Foram produzidas três videoaulas com base nos documentos norteadores, elegendo como conteúdo o bloco temático Números e Operações, destacando como tema a História da Matemática. Descrevemos as etapas que percorremos na elaboração, produção e compartilhamento das videoaulas, e fizemos uma reflexão sobre as expectativas, dificuldades e resultados que obtivemos.
Palavras-chave: Tecnologia no ensino de Matemática. Elaboração de videoaula. Educação de Matemática.
Clinicopathologic, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic effects of short-term oral administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisolone to systemically normal cats
Authors: Khelik Imal A. , Berger Darren J. , Mochel Jonathan P. , Seo Yeon-Jung , Palerme Jean-Sébastien , Ware Wendy A. , Ward Jessica L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinicopathologic, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic effects of short-term administration of anti-inflammatory dosages of prednisolone to systemically normal cats.

ANIMALS
10 cats with allergic dermatitis and 10 healthy control cats.

PROCEDURES
Cats with allergic dermatitis were randomly allocated to 2 groups and received 2 dosages of prednisolone (1 and 2 mg/kg/d, PO, for 7 days) in a crossover design followed by 9-day tapering and 14-day washout periods. Each prednisolone-treated cat was matched to a healthy control cat on the basis of sex, neuter status, age (± 1 year), and body weight (± 10%). Control cats received no treatment during the 35-day observation period. Clinicopathologic, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic variables were measured at baseline (day 0) and predetermined times during and after prednisolone administration and compared within and between the 2 treatment groups.

RESULTS
Prednisolone-treated cats had expected clinicopathologic alterations (mild increases in neutrophil and monocyte counts and serum concentrations of albumin, cholesterol, and triglycerides) but systolic arterial blood pressure; blood glucose, serum potassium, and cardiac biomarker concentrations; urinary sodium excretion; and echocardiographic variables did not differ significantly from baseline at any time. Statistically significant, albeit clinically irrelevant, increases in blood glucose and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations were observed between baseline and the prednisolone pharmacokinetic steady state (7 days after initiation) only when the 2-mg/kg dosage was administered.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results indicated short-term oral administration of anti-inflammatory dosages of prednisolone did not cause relevant hemodynamic, echocardiographic, or diabetogenic effects in systemically normal cats with allergic dermatitis.
Evaluation of ultrasonographically determined ratios of kidney length to aorta diameter for assessment of kidney size in healthy young dogs
Authors: Kawalilak Lukas T. , Pease Anthony P. , Nelson Nathan C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether previously described cutoffs for ultrasonographically determined kidney length-to-aorta diameter ratio (KL:Ao) for evaluation of kidney size in adult dogs are applicable to healthy dogs 1 to 18 months of age and to assess interobserver and intraobserver variability for ultrasonographic kidney and aorta measurements in these dogs grouped according to age.

ANIMALS
82 dogs.

PROCEDURES
41 university-owned dogs and 41 client- or staff-owned dogs of 3 age groups (approx 1, 6, and 12 to 18 months of age) underwent ultrasonographic examination by 3 observers. Kidney length, kidney width, and diameter of the aorta were measured by each observer 3 times, and KL:Ao and kidney length-to-body weight ratio were calculated for each dog. Measurements and calculated ratios for the 3 age groups were compared by statistical methods; interobserver and intraobserver variability were calculated.

RESULTS
Mean kidney length, kidney width, and aorta diameter were smaller, and calculated KL:Ao and kidney length-to-body weight ratio were larger, for dogs of the 1-month age group than for dogs of the 6-month and 12 to 18–month age groups. There were significant interobserver differences for ultrasonographic measurements in all age groups; these were most frequent in the youngest group of dogs and affected KL:Ao for that group only.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results revealed that 1-month-old dogs have larger kidneys relative to body weight and aorta diameter than do older dogs. Interobserver variability for the youngest group of dogs indicated limited usefulness of these measurements and related ratios for neonatal dogs in clinical practice. The KL:Ao values for dogs ≥ 6 months of age in this study were similar to values previously described for dogs > 12 months of age.
Investigation of a novel prosthesis technique for extracapsular stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament–deficient stifle joints in adult cattle
Authors: Lozier Joseph W. , Niehaus Andrew J. , Hinds C. Austin , Durgam Sushmitha S. , Jones Stephen C. , Lakritz Jeffrey 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate a novel prosthesis technique for extracapsular stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL)–deficient stifle joints in adult cattle.

SAMPLE
13 cadaveric bovine stifle joint specimens.

PROCEDURES
In the first of 3 study phases, the most isometric points on the distal aspect of the femur (distal femur) and proximal aspect of the tibia (proximal tibia) were determined from measurements obtained from lateromedial radiographs of a stifle joint specimen maintained at angles of 135°, 90°, 65°, and 35°. During phase 2, 800-lb-test monofilament nylon leader line was cut into 73-cm-long segments. Each segment was secured in a loop by use of 2, 3, or 4 crimping sleeves such that there were 12 replicates for each construct. Each loop was distracted to failure at a constant rate of 1 mm/s. Mean force at failure and elongation and mode of failure were compared among the 3 constructs. During phase 3, bone tunnels were created in the distal femur and proximal tibia at the isometric points identified during phase 1 in each of 12 CCL-deficient stifle joint specimens. The 3-sleeve construct was applied to each specimen. Specimens were distracted to failure at a constant rate of 1 mm/s.

RESULTS
Among the 3 constructs evaluated, the 3-sleeve construct was considered optimal in terms of strength and amount of foreign material. In phase 3, all replicates failed because of suture slippage.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Use of 800-lb-test monofilament nylon leader line as a prosthesis might be a viable alternative for extracapsular stabilization of CCL-deficient stifle joints in adult cattle. Further in vivo studies are necessary.
Effects of stylet-in versus stylet-out collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the cisterna magna on contamination of samples, sample quality, and collection time
Authors: Shamir Shelly K. , Hagen Christopher R. M. , Foley Peter M. , Gilroy Cornelia V. , Yu Jenny , Amsellem Pierre M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate safety of stylet-in and stylet-out techniques for collection of CSF from the cisterna magna and to assess whether there were differences between techniques with regard to contamination of samples, sample quality, and efficiency of collection.

ANIMALS
10 adult purpose-bred research Beagles.

PROCEDURES
A prospective crossover study was conducted. Preanesthetic physical and neurologic examinations and hematologic analyses were performed. Dogs were anesthetized, and collection of CSF samples from the cisterna magna by use of a stylet-in or stylet-out technique was performed. Two weeks later, samples were collected with the other sample collection technique. Samples of CSF were processed within 1 hour after collection.

RESULTS
Cellular debris was detected in higher numbers in stylet-in samples, although this did not affect sample quality. The stylet-out technique was performed more rapidly. No adverse effects were detected for either technique.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Both techniques could be safely performed in healthy anesthetized dogs. The stylet-out technique was performed more rapidly and yielded a sample with less cellular debris. Both techniques can be used in clinical practice to yield CSF samples with good diagnostic quality.
Effect of twice-daily oral administration of a chondroitin sulfate–containing supplement on urine chondroitin sulfate concentrations in dogs
Authors: Wood Michael W. , Barrett-Wilt Gregory A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To quantify the magnitude and duration of changes in urine chondroitin sulfate concentration (uCS) as a result of oral administration of a chondroitin sulfate–containing supplement in dogs.

ANIMALS
8 healthy privately owned dogs.

PROCEDURES
A urine sample was collected from each dog via cystocentesis on day 1; free-catch midstream urine samples were collected once daily on days 2 through 5. Pretreatment uCS was established from those samples. Each dog then received a chondroitin sulfate–containing supplement (20 to 30 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 8 days (on days 7 through 14). Urine samples were collected on days 8 through 12 and day 15. For each sample, uCS was quantified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Variable urine concentration was accounted for by dividing the uCS by urine creatinine concentration (uCrea) to determine the uCS:uCrea ratio. Pretreatment uCS:uCrea ratios were compared with treatment uCS:uCrea ratios to calculate the fold change in uCS after supplement administration.

RESULTS
Among the study dogs, oral administration of the chondroitin sulfate–containing supplement resulted in a 1.9-fold increase in the median uCS:uCrea ratio. Data obtained on days 8 through 12 and day 15 indicated that the daily increase in uCS remained consistent and was not additive.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results indicated that oral administration of supplemental chondroitin sulfate to dogs modestly increased uCS within 24 hours; however, subsequent supplement administration did not have an additive effect. A potential therapeutic benefit of persistently increased uCS in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in dogs warrants investigation.
Sanctuary Cities: A Study in Modern Nullification?
Authors: Simonis Lorraine Marie A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Since Donald Trump’s election as President of the United States, the sanctuary movement has gained prominence as a form of resistance to federal immigration policy. Sanctuary cities and states have attempted to frustrate the Trump administration’s immigration agenda by refusing to cooperate with Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s (ICE’s) efforts to remove aliens illegally residing in the United States. Academics, pundits and politicians have compared this resistance and non-cooperation to “nullification,” a doctrine typically associated with the South Carolina Nullification Crisis of the 1830s and the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798.
This article rejects comparisons between the sanctuary movement and nullification as false equivalencies and explains why the sanctuary movement is not a form of modern nullification. Rather, it suggests the movement is better understood as being similar to “interposition”—a doctrine related to, but distinct from, nullification. In doing so, this paper will clarify the meaning of nullification and interposition by analyzing the developments of these doctrines. Part 1 of this article discusses the historical, theoretical and practical aspects of South Carolina-style nullification, and compares these to that of the sanctuary movement. Part 2 explores the development of nullification and interposition more broadly, with a particular focus on the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798. Finally, Part 3 directly compares the sanctuary movement, nullification and interposition, and it connects the movement to the “anti-commandeering” doctrine articulated by the Supreme Court in the 1990s.
Solving Child Statelessness: Disclosure, Reporting, and Corporate Responsibility
Authors: Brewer Mark K. , Turner Sue 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Statelessness affects around 10 million people globally, many of whom are children. Many public law initiatives to diminish and eradicate statelessness exist, yet the problem persists. This article explores the potential for the private law to contribute to a solution to this problem, leading to increased awareness of the plight of stateless children among the public, investors, governments, and multinational corporations. In doing so, the article examines the role of the private law in regulating the use of so-called “conflict minerals” in the United States and internationally. It recognizes the contribution made by conflict minerals legislation towards finding an effective solution to the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The article proposes, amongst other initiatives, a legislative solution to the enduring problem of child statelessness, adapting provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street and Consumer Protection Act which requires corporate reporting and disclosure in relation to international supply chains of public limited companies in respect of conflict minerals, and applying them instead to the causes of child statelessness.
Declaration of War: A Dead Letter or An Invitation to Struggle?
Authors: Halper Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Constitution’s declaration of war requirement, superficially straightforward but actually full of ambiguities, originated in a fear of presidential usurpation and recklessness. Yet Congress has responded to political incentives and has declined the assertive role assigned to it. The check on usurpation and recklessness has eroded almost to the vanishing point.
Malaria Perceptions among Medicine Vendors in Buea Community: An Assessment of Knowledge of Malaria and Conditions of Antimalarial Drug Dispensing
Authors: Ajonina Marcelus U. , Ware Kenric B. , Ngonga Deodata B. , Abong Raphael A. , Nfor Carine K , Apinjoh Tobias O. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Lack of knowledge of rational use of antimalarial drugs among medicine vendors is a serious problem, notably in areas of intense transmission. These misunderstandings increase the risks of resistance and adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to assess knowledge of malaria and environments wherein medicine vendors dispense antimalarials in the Buea community.
Methods: Administration of a community-based cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 140 medicine vendors living within the Buea community occurred between March and June 2017. The survey sought to obtain information from medicine vendors on their general knowledge of malaria as well as their dispensing practices. Statistically significant findings were associated with p ≤ .05.
Results: The majority of participants were aware that use of insecticide – treated bed nets (ITNs) and maintenance of a clean environment equate to effective malaria prevention efforts. Alternatively, only one-third of participants correctly attributed the causative organism of malaria to being protozoan. Participants employed within drugstore settings had less knowledge of malaria than their hospital/community counterparts did. A directly proportional relationship existed between the amount of experience that participants had in their respective disciplines with an increased knowledge of malaria overall.
Conclusion: These findings reveal fluctuating knowledge of malaria among study participants. Reported antimalarial dispensing practices also warrants room for improvement. Routine monitoring and evaluation to prevent emergence of resistant strains to current efficacious antimalarials remains paramount.

Article Type: Original Research
A LITERATURA ORAL COMO FORÇA DE EXPRESSÃO DA CULTURA POPULAR:
Authors: Lummertz Frank Cardoso 
Published: July 2019

Contadores de história são comuns em todo o território nacional, e a variedade de lendas, contos, fábulas e anedotas é incalculável. Essas singulares manifestações culturais aparecem por todo o mundo. Africanos, asiáticos, europeus e americanos: as pessoas do mundo todo transmitem o seu conhecimento por meio da palavra falada através do tempo. Não raro, às vezes esses conhecimentos espalhados pelos continentes se encontram e se fundem, adquirindo uma variedade de riquezas culturais ímpares. São as músicas cantadas e encenadas junto à literatura falada que constituem, em síntese, o poder da palavra no universo cultural da humanidade. Duas facetas empregam o sentido da oralidade: uma assumida pela história e outra assumida pela literatura, ora fundindo-se, ora distinguindo-se. É explicitamente específica a figura do contador, do narrador popular, aquele que unicamente se recorda das histórias fantasiosas ou não, e, nesse momento, ganha importância a partir de uma construção sociocultural. É durante a sua experiência de vida que ele, o contador, ouviu ou vivenciou as histórias para recordá-las e contá-las em uma roda de bate-papo com familiares e amigos. São os casos e são as lendas, é o real e é o imaginário, fundindo-se dentro de uma perspectiva sociocultural. O presente artigo busca intermediar significados encontrados em narrativas orais, presentes no imaginário e nas representações feitas pelo contador da história, e tenta observar elementos tidos como o real, capazes de transmitir história do tempo presente. Essa pesquisa se restringiu a vinte e dois moradores do entorno do Parque Nacional de Aparados da Serra, município de Praia Grande, Santa Catarina. Em sua integralidade destaca-se pela riqueza de detalhes históricos locais, regionais e até de aspecto nacional. Restringi o trabalho a um único exemplo adquirido nas entrevistas: a “Lenda do Gritador”, um conto local ou “causo acontecido” – como diriam alguns dos moradores – das grotas dos Aparados da Serra. Por fim, registro a importância dessas lendas, histórias e causos acontecidos, capazes de produzir sentido para diferentes grupos sociais, que num tempo passado viviam longe das redes de energia elétrica, comunicação e estradas automotivas, nesta busca que “mistura” literatura oral com uma leitura de olhar historiográfico.
Da cidade à república das letras. Jesuítas, administração vice-real, grupos letrados (México, sécs. XVI-XVII)
Authors: Reis Anderson Roberti dos 
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o papel desempenhado pelos jesuítas na formação de grupos letrados e, pois, de parcela das elites coloniais na capital da Nova Espanha. Parte-se de uma leitura clássica a respeito desse tema, aquela oferecida pelo crítico uruguaio Ángel Rama em La ciudad letrada, a fim de buscar outras possibilidades de compreensão para as relações entre os padres da Companhia de Jesus, os grupos letrados e a administração vice-real. O argumento central deste artigo sustenta que a conformação política da Monarquia Espanhola e de seus vice-reinos americanos nos séculos XVI e XVII, distante da noção de Estado Moderno e mais próxima de um modelo corporativo, torna difícil o enquadramento da atividade dos padres na perspectiva de “intelectuais a serviço da monarquia absoluta”.
"Quomodo legis?" A leitura à luz do método inaciano na novela do jesuíta Alexandre de Gusmão:
Authors: Massimi Marina 
Published: July 2019

O objeto do artigo é a novela alegórica História do Predestinado Peregrino e de seu irmão Precito escrita no Brasil pelo jesuíta Alexandre de Gusmão e publicada em 1682, tendo várias reedições. Gusmão ocupou na Companhia de Jesus funções importantes dentre os quais a direção de um Colégio próximo da cidade de Salvador. A hipótese proposta é a de que a novela veicula no Brasil conteúdos e métodos dos Exercícios espirituais de Inácio de Loyola. O texto segue também as orientações da Ratio Studiorum. Portanto, Gusmão teria concebido a novela como importante veículo de circulação dos exercícios inacianos. Além disto, mostra-se que a novela foi texto pioneiro escrito com o objetivo pedagógico de iniciar à leitura o público brasileiro: para esta iniciação, a novela sugere um método de leitura orientado pelos Exercícios inacianos.
SOPO BATAK TOBA RESILIENCE TECTONICS TOWARD EARTHQUAKE STUDY OBJECT: SOPO NAGARI SIHOTANG
Authors: Chandra ; Jonathan Hans Yoas Sihotang Jansen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract- Sopo is a granary house in traditional Batak Toba architecture. Sopo is important for Batak Toba community because it serves as a place to store rice which is the source of life. Nowadays sopo is harder to find than ruma. Most of the sopo has transformed into Batak Toba house and uses as a residence. Sopo is located in Lake Toba, North Sumatra, which is prone to earthquakes. Sopo Nagari Sihotang was built in the 1920s and has experienced many earthquakes, now the sopo still survive without any structural damage. The resistance of the sopo over the years proves the sopo resilience to earthquakes. From the evidence of resilience to earthquake, its interesting to investigate the tectonics of this sopo. The purpose of the research is to understand the tectonic of Sopo Nagari Sihotang that resilience to earthquake and find local wisdom in facing earthquake disaster.The research used descriptive method with qualitative approach by describing the existing state of Sopo Nagari Sihotang and comparing it with tectonic theory and earthquake resistant structure. The sopo’s data were collected by field observation and literature study. The data are grouped into four parts, namely construction, detail, space, and ornaments that become points for analysis of tectonics. Tectonic analysis is associated with the theory of earthquake resistant structures to find out what makes tectonic of the sopo resilient to earthquakes.The result is the tectonic resilience of the Sopo Nagari Sihotang to earthquakes are found in the tectonics construction in the use of materials; tectonics detail on vertical structures and horizontal structures; and tectonics space at the story height – the activity, the spatial form – the building hape, the spatial form - the structure, and the activity - the structure. The tectonic resilience of Sopo Nagari Sihotang to earthquakes is not found in the tectonics construction and tectonics ornament. The local wisdom which are the main factors make the sopo resilience to earthquake are found on, the tectonics detail of the sopo post-batu ojahan can retain the sopo by relying on the frictional force resulting from self-weight of the sopo; the tectonics detail of the sopo post-ransang can bind every sopo posts; the use of lightweight wood materials thus reducing inertia forces. Key Words: resilience, tectonics, sopo, earthquake, Batak Toba