bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent hydraulic strategies to cope with freezing in co‐occurring temperate tree species with special reference to root and stem pressure generation
Authors: Yin Xiao‐Han , Sterck Frank , Hao Guang‐You 
Published: April 2018

Summary

Some temperate tree species mitigate the negative impacts of frost‐induced xylem cavitation by restoring impaired hydraulic function via positive pressures, and may therefore be more resistant to frost fatigue (the phenomenon that post‐freezing xylem becomes more susceptible to hydraulic dysfunction) than nonpressure‐generating species. We test this hypothesis and investigate underlying anatomical/physiological mechanisms.

Using a common garden experiment, we studied key hydraulic traits and detailed xylem anatomical characteristics of 18 sympatric tree species. These species belong to three functional groups, that is, one generating both root and stem pressures (RSP), one generating only root pressure (RP), and one unable to generate such pressures (NP).

The three functional groups diverged substantially in hydraulic efficiency, resistance to drought‐induced cavitation, and frost fatigue resistance. Most notably, RSP and RP were more resistant to frost fatigue than NP, but this was at the cost of reduced hydraulic conductivity for RSP and reduced resistance to drought‐induced cavitation for RP.

Our results show that, in environments with strong frost stress: these groups diverge in hydraulic functioning following multiple trade‐offs between hydraulic efficiency, resistance to drought and resistance to frost fatigue; and how differences in anatomical characteristics drive such divergence across species.
Where to attend next: guiding refreshing of visual, spatial, and verbal representations in working memory
Authors: Souza Alessandra S. , Vergauwe Evie , Oberauer Klaus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOne of the functions that attention may serve in working memory (WM) is boosting information accessibility, a mechanism known as attentional refreshing. Refreshing is assumed to be a domain‐general process operating on visual, spatial, and verbal representations alike. So far, few studies have directly manipulated refreshing of individual WM representations to measure the WM benefits of refreshing. Recently, a guided‐refreshing method was developed, which consists of presenting cues during the retention interval of a WM task to instruct people to refresh (i.e., attend to) the cued items. Using a continuous‐color reconstruction task, previous studies demonstrated that the error in reporting a color varies linearly with the frequency with which it was refreshed. Here, we extend this approach to assess the WM benefits of refreshing different representation types, from colors to spatial locations and words. Across six experiments, we show that refreshing frequency modulates performance in all stimulus domains in accordance with the tenet that refreshing is a domain‐general process in WM. The benefits of refreshing were, however, larger for visual–spatial than verbal materials.
Odontogenic myxoma: An updated analysis of 1,692 cases reported in the literature
Authors: Chrcanovic Bruno R. , Gomez Ricardo S. 
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present study was to integrate the available data published on odontogenic myxoma (OM) into a comprehensive analysis of its clinical/radiological features. Electronic search undertaken in January/2018, looking for publications reporting cases of OM. A total of 377 publications were included. We identified 1,692 lesions, and 695 were used for the analysis of recurrence. There is a predominance of OMs in females and in mandibles. OMs usually present with bone expansion, asymptomatic cortical perforation, and a multilocular appearance. Lesion location (maxilla/mandible), bone expansion, cortical bone perforation, locular radiological appearance, tooth resorption, odontogenic epithelial rests, or angular septa are not associated with recurrence. While curettage (31.3%) showed the highest recurrence rate, marginal resection (1.3%) and segmental resection (3.1%) showed the lowest values. Enucleation + peripheral osteotomy (6.7%) showed better results than enucleation (13.1%) or enucleation + curettage (12.7%). In comparison with unilocular lesions, multilocular ones were significantly more prevalent in mandibles, more often presented expansion and cortical bone perforation, had larger mean size, and were more often treated by segmental resection. Conservative surgical procedures are associated with higher probability of recurrence of OM. Taking into consideration the recurrence rate and morbidity associated with different surgical treatments, tumor enucleation followed by peripheral osteotomy should be considered as the first therapeutic choice.
Utility of routine electrocardiographic screening before initiation of propranolol for infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Lund Emily B. , Chamlin Sarah L. , Mancini Anthony J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractScreening electrocardiography (ECG) before initiation of propranolol for treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IH) is controversial. A retrospective chart review was conducted to assess the utility of pretreatment ECG in infants with IH starting propranolol. Although nearly half of the ECGs were abnormal, no contraindications to treatment were identified from screening ECG, and no association was found between any of the reported side effects and abnormal ECG. These results support previously published data, and in a larger cohort, providing further confirmation that pretreatment ECG is not necessary in most infants with IH.
Down syndrome and mild kidney dysfunction
Authors: Yamakawa Satoshi , Nagai Takuhito , Uemura Osamu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFew studies have evaluated kidney function in children with Down syndrome (DS) in detail. This study investigated kidney function in pediatric DS patients without complications that affect kidney function. Creatinine (Cr)‐ and cystatin C (cysC)‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured in a cohort of Japanese DS patients. The kidney function in these children with DS was approximately 80% that of the healthy Japanese children, suggesting that children with DS have smaller kidneys or a lower number of glomeruli than children without DS.
Comparative intra‐ and interspecific sexual organ reciprocity in four distylousPrimulaspecies in the Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains
Authors: Li H.‐D. , Ren Z.‐X. , Zhou W. , Bernhardt P. , Zhao Y.‐H. , Wu Z.‐K. , Li D.‐Z. , Wang H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDistyly is a mechanism promoting cross‐pollination within a balanced polymorphism. Numerous studies show that the degree of inter‐morph sexual organ reciprocity (SOR) within species relates to its pollen‐mediated gene flow. Similarly, a lower interspecificSORshould promote interspecific isolation when congeners are sympatric, co‐blooming and share pollinators. In this comparative study, we address the significance ofSORat both intra‐ and interspecific levels.Seventeen allopatric and eight sympatric populations representing fourPrimulaspecies (P. anisodora,P. beesiana,P. bulleyanaandP. poissonii) native to the Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains were measured for eight floral traits in both long‐ and short‐styled morphs.GLMMand spatial overlap methods were used to compare intra‐ and interspecificSOR.While floral morphology differed among fourPrimulaspecies,SORwithin species was generally higher than between species, but in species pairsP. poissonii/P. anisodoraandP. beesiana/P. bulleyana, theSORwas high at both intra‐ and interspecific levels. We did not detect a significant variation in intraspecificSORor interspecificSORwhen comparing allopatricversussympatric populations for all species studied.As intraspecificSORincreased, disassortative mating may be promoted. As interspecificSORdecreased, interspecific isolation between co‐flowering species pairs also may increase. Hybridisation between congeners occurred when interspecificSORincreased in sympatric populations, as confirmed in two species pairs,P. poissonii/P. anisodoraandP. beesiana/P. bulleyana.
Changes in the range of the medicinal herb Eriocaulon buergerianum Körnicke. (Eriocaulaceae) under climate change
Authors: Xie Y.‐F. , Yang L. , Deng R.‐Y. , Chen M.‐H. , Luan X.‐F. , Gottardi E. , Zhang Z.‐X. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Eriocaulon buergerianum Körnicke. (Eriocaulaceae) is one of the most common and least expensive herbal medicines for eye disease. This species is facing potential threats from climate change. Insufficient biogeographic knowledge of this plant species can hinder its effective management for long‐term population survival.

We integrated ecological niche modelling (Biomod2) with 70 records of E. buergerianum and eight environmental variables to estimate changes in distribution over time. A core area Zonation algorithm was introduced to identify conservation priority areas.

Our results indicate that the range of E. buergerianum will likely decrease in the future: the overall range change on average is −44.36 ± 21.56% (−3.70% to −77.73%); values of range loss and range gain are 45.79 ± 20.30% (9.29–78.19%) and 1.43 ± 1.53% (0.18–5.59%), respectively. According to conservation priority analysis, the mandatory reserve (top 5%), negotiable reserve (0.95–0.9) and partial reserve (0.9–0.8) areas are 19,799, 19,799 and 39,597 km2, respectively. The areas identified as conservation priority are located in the southeast, especially in northern Taiwan and the Wuyi Mountains.

Based on these results, we suggest a re‐evaluation of the threatened status of this species, with a potential upgrade to the vulnerable (VU) category. To overcome the adverse conditions faced by populations of E. buergerianum in China, we propose a multi‐faceted conservation strategy involving more complete resource assessment, a monitoring system, medical research focused on revealing medicinal components or substitutes, and a regional development plan that considers both wildlife and socio‐economic issues.
Coupling of respiration and attention via the locus coeruleus: Effects of meditation and pranayama
Authors: Melnychuk Michael Christopher , Dockree Paul M. , O'Connell Redmond G. , Murphy Peter R. , Balsters Joshua H. , Robertson Ian H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe locus coeruleus (LC) has established functions in both attention and respiration. Good attentional performance requires optimal levels of tonic LC activity, and must be matched to task consistently. LC neurons are chemosensitive, causing respiratory phrenic nerve firing to increase frequency with higher CO2 levels, and as CO2 level varies with the phase of respiration, tonic LC activity should exhibit fluctuations at respiratory frequency. Top‐down modulation of tonic LC activity from brain areas involved in attentional regulation, intended to optimize LC firing to suit task requirements, may have respiratory consequences as well, as increases in LC activity influence phrenic nerve firing. We hypothesize that, due to the physiological and functional overlaps of attentional and respiratory functions of the LC, this small neuromodulatory nucleus is ideally situated to act as a mechanism of synchronization between respiratory and attentional systems, giving rise to a low‐amplitude oscillation that enables attentional flexibility, but may also contribute to unintended destabilization of attention. Meditative and pranayama practices result in attentional, emotional, and physiological enhancements that may be partially due to the LC's pivotal role as the nexus in this coupled system. We present original findings of synchronization between respiration and LC activity (via fMRI and pupil dilation) and provide evidence of a relationship between respiratory phase modulation and attentional performance. We also present a mathematical dynamical systems model of respiratory‐LC‐attentional coupling, review candidate neurophysiological mechanisms of changes in coupling dynamics, and discuss implications for attentional theory, meditation, and pranayama, and possible therapeutic applications.
Subtropical goats ovulate in response to the male effect after a prolonged treatment of artificial long days to stimulate their milk yield
Authors: Mendieta ES , Delgadillo JA , Flores JA , Flores MJ , Nandayapa E , Vélez LI , Zarazaga LA , Bedos M , Terrazas A , Hernández H 
Published: April 2018

ContentsThe objectives of this study were to determine (i) if in subtropical goats that gave birth during mid‐December, the exposition to an artificial long‐day photoperiod consisting in only 14 hr of light per day can increase the milk yield and (ii) to test whether these females can respond to the male effect at the end of the prolonged photoperiodic treatment. In experiment 1, 17 lactating goats were maintained under natural short days (control group), while another 22 goats were maintained under artificial long days (treated group) consisting in 14 hr light and 10 hr darkness starting at day 10 of lactation. The continuous exposition to an artificial long‐day photoperiod produced an increase in the milk yield level during the first 110 days of lactation (time × treatment interaction; p = .01), while none of the milk components were modified due to the photoperiodic treatment (p > .05). In experiment 2, all control and treated anovulatory goats were submitted to the male effect using photostimulated males. All females showed oestrous behaviour within the first 10 days that were in contact with males (100% in both groups; p > .05). Thus, the latency to onset of oestrus did not differ between females from control (58.2 ± 3.0 hr) and treated (62 ± 4.6 hr) groups. Male exposition provoked ovulation independently if females were previously under long days or natural photoperiod (96 vs 100%, respectively; p = .79). It was concluded that exposure to 14 hr of light per day in subtropical goats that gave birth in late autumn stimulates milk yield without preventing the ovulation in response to the male effect at the end of the prolonged photoperiodic treatment.
Evaluating The Use of Realtime Data in Forecasting Output Levels and Recessionary Events in the USA
Authors: Aristidou Chrystalleni , Lee Kevin , Shields Kalvinder 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe paper proposes a modelling framework and evaluation procedure to judge the usefulness of realtime data sets incorporating past data vintages and survey expectations in forecasting. The analysis is based on ‘metamodels’ obtained by using model averaging techniques and judged by various statistical and economic criteria, including a novel criterion based on a fair bet. Analysing US output data over 1968, quarter 4–2015, quarter 1, we find that both elements of the realtime data are useful with their contributions varying over time. Revisions data are particularly valuable for point and density forecasts of growth but survey expectations are important in forecasting rare recessionary events.
Massive transfusion: changing practice in a single Norwegian centre 2002–2015
Authors: Doughty H. , Apelseth T. O. , Sivertsen J. , Annaniasen K. , Hervig T. 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYObjectivesTo describe the change in massive transfusion (MT) practice in a single Norwegian centre throughout the period 2002–2015.BackgroundMT support for traumatic haemorrhage has changed since the mid‐2000s. However, life‐threatening haemorrhage may occur in other clinical specialties. In 2007, Haukeland University Hospital (HUS) introduced a universal MT programme including education, Acute Transfusion Packages (ATPs) and thromboelastography.Methods/MaterialsA retrospective review was performed of all MT episodes defined as ≥10 red cell concentrates (RCC) in 24 h. Episodes were identified using the laboratory information system. Patient records were reviewed manually for demographics, transfusion indication, haemostatic drugs and mortality. The ATPs contained six units RCC, six units Octaplas and two platelet concentrates (four buffy coats/apheresis in platelet additive solution (PAS)).ResultsA total of 410 episodes were identified in 410 patients. The mean patient age was 60 years (9–94), with a male predominance (64%); 87·1% of MT episodes were in support of surgery (cardiac services 42·7%; trauma 17·6%), and 29·8% of MTs involved platelet inhibitors, with 82·6% of these undergoing cardiac procedures. MT accounted for 2·8% of all RCCs and 3·4% of platelets issued. The mean ratio of blood components RCC: plasma: platelets changed from 1·0 : 0·37 : 0·39 in 2002–2006 (n = 149) to 1·0 : 0·79 : 0·85 in 2008–2015 (n = 241, P < 0·001). A sub‐analysis showed that cardiac specialities used proportionally more plasma and platelets.ConclusionThe MT programme changed transfusion practice, resulting in greater use of plasma and platelets. MT was primarily used in major surgery. The practice in cardiac surgery may reflect changes in antiplatelet medication.
Effectiveness of viable cryopreserved placental membranes for management of diabetic foot ulcers in a real world setting
Authors: Raspovic Katherine M. , Wukich Dane K. , Naiman Daniel Q. , Lavery Lawrence A. , Kirsner Robert S. , Kim Paul J. , Steinberg John S. , Attinger Christopher E. , Danilkovitch Alla 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT), the use of viable cryopreserved placental membrane (vCPM) for chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) resulted in a higher proportion of wound closure in comparison to good wound care: 62% versus 21% (p < 0.01). However, patients in RCTs are not representative of daily physician practice. Healthcare databases serve as a valuable tool to evaluate therapy effectiveness and to supplement evidence from RCTs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vCPM for DFU management using Net Health's WoundExpert® electronic health records (EHR). The primary endpoint was the proportion of DFUs that achieved complete closure. Other endpoints included time and number of grafts to closure, probability of wound closure by week 12, and the number of wound‐related infections and amputations. De‐identified EHR data for 360 patients with 441 wounds treated with vCPM were extracted from the database. Average patient age was 63.7 years with a mean wound size of 5.1 cm2 and an average wound duration of 102 days prior to vCPM treatment. For evaluation of clinical outcomes, 350 DFUs larger than 0.25 cm2 at baseline were analyzed. Closure at the end of treatment was achieved in 59.4% of wounds with a median treatment duration of 42.0 days and 4 applications of vCPM. The probability of wound closure at week 12 was 71%, and the number of amputations and wound‐related infections was 13 (3.0%) and 9 (2.0%), respectively. Data also demonstrated a correlation between wound size and closure rate as well as a correlation between > 50% wound area reduction by week 4 and wound closure by week 12. The results of this study mirror previous RCT efficacy data, supporting the benefits of vCPM for DFU management. These results can also influence policy and treatment decisions regarding advanced vCPM technology.
Glucan Binding Protein C of Streptococcus mutans Mediates both Sucrose-Independent and Sucrose-Dependent Adherence
Authors: Mieher Joshua L. , Larson Matthew R. , Schormann Norbert , Purushotham Sangeetha , Wu Ren , Rajashankar Kanagalaghatta R. , Wu Hui , Deivanayagam Champion 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

The high-resolution structure of glucan binding protein C (GbpC) at 1.14 Å, a sucrose-dependent virulence factor of the dental caries pathogen
Streptococcus mutans
, has been determined. GbpC shares not only structural similarities with the V regions of AgI/II and SspB but also functional adherence to salivary agglutinin (SAG) and its scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains (SRCRs). This is not only a newly identified function for GbpC but also an additional fail-safe binding mechanism for
S. mutans
. Despite the structural similarities with
S. mutans
antigen I/II (AgI/II) and SspB of
Streptococcus gordonii
, GbpC remains unique among these surface proteins in its propensity to adhere to dextran/glucans. The complex crystal structure of GbpC with dextrose (β-
d
-glucose; Protein Data Bank ligand BGC) highlights exclusive structural features that facilitate this interaction with dextran. Targeted deletion mutant studies on GbpC's divergent loop region in the vicinity of a highly conserved calcium binding site confirm its role in biofilm formation. Finally, we present a model for adherence to dextran. The structure of GbpC highlights how artfully microbes have engineered the lectin-like folds to broaden their functional adherence repertoire.
Characterization of a Two-Component System Transcriptional Regulator, LtdR, That Impacts Group B Streptococcal Colonization and Disease
Authors: Deng Liwen , Mu Rong , Weston Thomas A. , Spencer Brady L. , Liles Roxanne P. , Doran Kelly S. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus agalactiae
(group B
Streptococcus
[GBS]) is often a commensal bacterium that colonizes healthy adults asymptomatically and is a frequent inhabitant of the vaginal tract in women. However, in immunocompromised individuals, particularly the newborn, GBS may transition to an invasive pathogen and cause serious disease. Despite the use of the currently recommended intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for GBS-positive mothers, GBS remains a leading cause of neonatal septicemia and meningitis. To adapt to the various host environments encountered during its disease cycle, GBS possesses multiple two-component regulatory systems (TCSs). Here we investigated the contribution of a transcriptional regulator containing a LytTR domain, LtdR, to GBS pathogenesis. Disruption of the
ltdR
gene in the GBS chromosome resulted in a significant increase in bacterial invasion into human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC)
in vitro
as well as the greater penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the development of meningitis
in vivo
. Correspondingly, infection of hCMEC with the Δ
ltdR
mutant resulted in increased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8), CXCL-1, and IL-6. Further, using a mouse model of GBS vaginal colonization, we observed that the Δ
ltdR
mutant was cleared more readily from the vaginal tract and also that infection with the Δ
ltdR
mutant resulted in increased cytokine production from human vaginal epithelial cells. RNA sequencing revealed global transcriptional differences between the Δ
ltdR
mutant and the parental wild-type GBS strain. These results suggest that LtdR regulates many bacterial processes that can influence GBS-host interactions to promote both bacterial persistence and disease progression.