bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Hearing Loss and Speech Recognition in Quiet and in Different Types of Background Noise
Authors: Goldsworthy Raymond L. , Markle Kali L. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
Speech recognition deteriorates with hearing loss, particularly in fluctuating background noise. This study examined how hearing loss affects speech recognition in different types of noise to clarify how characteristics of the noise interact with the benefits listeners receive when listening in fluctuating compared to steady-state noise.

Method
Speech reception thresholds were measured for a closed set of spondee words in children (ages 5–17 years) in quiet, speech-spectrum noise, 2-talker babble, and instrumental music. Twenty children with normal hearing and 43 children with hearing loss participated; children with hearing loss were subdivided into groups with cochlear implant (18 children) and hearing aid (25 children) groups. A cohort of adults with normal hearing was included for comparison.

Results
Hearing loss had a large effect on speech recognition for each condition, but the effect of hearing loss was largest in 2-talker babble and smallest in speech-spectrum noise. Children with normal hearing had better speech recognition in 2-talker babble than in speech-spectrum noise, whereas children with hearing loss had worse recognition in 2-talker babble than in speech-spectrum noise. Almost all subjects had better speech recognition in instrumental music compared to speech-spectrum noise, but with less of a difference observed for children with hearing loss.

Conclusions
Speech recognition is more sensitive to the effects of hearing loss when measured in fluctuating compared to steady-state noise. Speech recognition measured in fluctuating noise depends on an interaction of hearing loss with characteristics of the background noise; specifically, children with hearing loss were able to derive a substantial benefit for listening in fluctuating noise when measured in instrumental music compared to 2-talker babble.
Phonological and Semantic Contributions to Verbal Short-Term Memory in Young Children With Developmental Stuttering
Authors: Anderson Julie D. , Wagovich Stacy A. , Brown Bryan T. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the verbal short-term memory skills of children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) in 2 experiments, focusing on the influence of phonological and semantic similarity.

Method
Participants were 42 CWS and 42 CWNS between the ages of 3;0 and 5;11 (years;months). In Experiment 1, children completed the phonological similarity task, in which they listened to lists of phonologically similar and dissimilar words and then repeated them when signaled to do so. In Experiment 2, children completed another forward span task, the semantic category task, which is similar to the phonological similarity task, except that it consisted of lists of semantically homogeneous and heterogeneous words. Main dependent variables were cumulative memory span, proportion of errors by type, and speech reaction time (SRT) for correct responses.

Results
The CWS exhibited significantly shorter memory spans for phonologically dissimilar words and were less affected by the phonological qualities of the words than the CWNS in Experiment 1, based on the findings of both between-groups and within-group analyses. In Experiment 2, although the groups did not differ in their performance in either condition, within-group analyses revealed that the CWNS benefitted from semantic similarity, whereas the CWS did not. The between-groups difference in absolute difference scores, however, did not reach significance. The CWS produced more omissions and false alarms than the CWNS in both experiments, but the 2 groups of children were otherwise comparable in SRT, although the CWS exhibited overall faster SRT than the CWNS in Experiment 2.

Conclusions
Verbal short-term memory is one domain-general cognitive process in which CWS display weakness relative to typically fluent peers. These weaknesses are likely due, in part, to differences in phonological and, perhaps, semantic processing of words to aid memory.
Experimental results of NO removal by the MBGLS
Authors: Xiao Zhengguo , Aftab Tallal Bin , Yuan Xiaoling , Xia Hualei , Li Dengxin 
Published: February 2019

Existing oxidation–absorption denitration processes have some disadvantages such as high cost, equipment corrosion and low oxidant utilisation ratio. In this work, a novel denitration process with a microbubble gas–liquid dispersion system (MBGLS) was proposed. The nitric oxide (NO) removal effects of MBGLS based on the various absorbents containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salinity and metal ions were investigated. The results showed that the MBGLS had an excellent NO removal performance because of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) released by the MBs. H2O2, NaCl, Fe2+ and Mn2+ could enhance the removal properties of MBGLS, but excessive NaCl was not conducive to the removal of NO. Under the optimal reaction conditions (absorbent pH = 8, 330 K, 0.4 mol/l H2O2 and 800 ppm NO), the NO removal efficiency reached 87.7%. This new process is highly cost‐effective and environment friendly and shows a good commercial application prospect in flue gas denitration.
Effect of thickness on the structural and optical properties of the niobium‐doped β ‐Ga2O3 films
Authors: Zhang Hao , Deng Jinxiang , Kong Le , Pan Zhiwei , Bai Zhiying , Wang Jiyou 
Published: February 2019

To investigate the effect of thickness on the structural and optical properties of niobium‐doped beta gallium oxide (β ‐Ga2O3 :Nb) thin films, a series of β ‐Ga2O3 :Nb thin films with different thicknesses were prepared by radio‐frequency magnetron method. The crystalline quality is highly improved when the film thickness exceeds 145 nm. The surface exhibits different morphologies under different film thicknesses. The average transmittance of all the films are over 80% in visible range, and that the ultraviolet absorption edge shifts to longer wavelength indicates the bandgap shrinks with increasing the film thickness. Moreover, the photoluminescence spectrum measurements indicate that fewer defects were formed when the film thickness is around 145 nm.
Influence of mobilization and weight bearing on in-hospital outcome in geriatric patients with hip fractures
Authors: Baer Manuel , Neuhaus Valentin , Pape Hans Christoph , Ciritsis Bernhard 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Early recovery of mobilization after a fracture of the hip is associated with improved long-term ability to walk, lower complication rates, and mortality. In this context, early mobilization and full weight bearing are favorable. The aim of this study was (1) to analyze the influence of time between operation and first mobilization on in-hospital outcome and (2) the influence of early mobilization, full weight bearing, and ASA on pain, mobility of the hip, and ability to walk during the in-hospital phase of recovery.
Methods: This is a retrospective in-hospital study of 219 patients aged 70 years or older who were treated with surgery after a hip fracture. Data were collected by a review of medical records. The outcomes were mortality, complications, length of stay, and the Merle d’Aubigné score which evaluates pain, mobility of the hip, and ability to walk. Factors were sought in bivariate and multivariate analyses.
Results: A shorter time between operation and first mobilization was significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality and complications. Early mobilization (within 24 h after the operation) and full weight bearing had no influence on pain, mobility of the hip, and ability to walk as well as length of stay in our cohort. Fracture type and treatment influenced mobility of the hip, while age as well as physical health status affected the ability to walk.
Discussion: Patients with femoral neck fractures, respectively after total hip arthroplasty, had less pain and showed better mobility of the hip and ability to walk during hospitalization than patients with trochanteric fractures; these results were irrespective of early vs. late mobilization and full vs. partial weight bearing. Foremost, a shorter time between operation and first mobilization is associated with lower complication and mortality rates.
Hautinfektionen durch Insektenstiche nach Fernreisen bei Kindern
Authors: Ziegler U. , Schwienhorst-Stich E.-M. , Stich A. , Kleine C. 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungNach Fernreisen in die Tropen und Subtropen finden sich als Grund für einen Arztbesuch neben den klassischen vektorübertragenen Erkrankungen wie Malaria oder Denguefieber und der Reisediarrhö auch zu ca. 20 % neu aufgetretene dermatologische Erkrankungen. Ursächlich ist meistens der Kontakt der Haut und Schleimhäute mit Insekten durch Biss oder Stich mit einer meist juckenden Lokalreaktion und der Gefahr einer bakteriellen Superinfektion. Einige Insektenarten dienen als Vektoren für systemische Infektionen sowie lokale Hautparasitosen, andere zeigen sich als Ektoparasitosen. Die Erregerspezies von nach Fernreisen neu aufgetretenen Hautveränderungen sind vielfältig, oft ist das Spektrum der Erreger weltweit verbreitet und somit nicht speziell auf Fernreisen bezogen. Es finden sich aber auch Infektionen, die je nach Reisestil, Reisedauer, und vor allem Reiseregion in unterschiedlicher Häufung und Wahrscheinlichkeit auftreten können. Die Hautinfektionen bei Kindern unterscheiden sich nur gering von denen bei Erwachsenen. Körpergröße, Sozial- und Spielverhalten haben jedoch einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Häufigkeit spezieller Hautinfektionen bei Kindern nach Fernreisen. Wichtigste Form der Krankheitsvermeidung ist die Prävention eines Kontaktes mit Insekten. In diesem Artikel soll dem niedergelassenen Pädiater und Kliniker eine Kurzübersicht und Empfehlung gegeben werden, um den wichtigsten reiseassoziierten infektiologischen Hautmanifestationen bei Kindern im Alltag zu begegnen.
Standards Used by a Clinical and Scientific Endometriosis Center for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Patients with Endometriosis
Authors: Burghaus Stefanie , Hildebrandt Thomas , Fahlbusch Christine , Heusinger Katharina , Antoniadis Sophia , Lermann Johannes , Hackl Janina , Häberle Lothar , Renner Stefan P. , Fasching Peter A. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Blum Simon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEndometriosis is one of the most common benign gynecological diseases. The extremely heterogeneous complex of symptoms complicates the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In most patients, there is a latency period of several years between the first occurrence of symptoms and the definitive diagnosis. This paper aims (1) to evaluate standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with (symptoms suspicious for) endometriosis in terms of feasibility, and (2) to assess the potential use of data collected by a certified clinical and scientific endometriosis center to answer scientific questions. Standards for outpatient consultations were developed for a special endometriosis outpatient clinic. Between January 2014 and December 2017, a total of 1715 outpatients with a suspicion of endometriosis presented to this special endometriosis outpatient clinic; the diagnosis and treatment of patients was carried out in accordance with the developed standards. Data of this patient cohort obtained from patient records created during outpatient consultations and from a questionnaire recorded in an Oracle-based database was analyzed. The patient cohort was also compared with another patient cohort who had attended different outpatient clinics and had been diagnosed intraoperatively with endometriosis. 41.8% of patients examined during special outpatient consultations had surgery for suspicion or recurrence of endometriosis. Endometriosis was confirmed in 81.5% of cases. Pain symptoms were the main indication for surgery in 70.1% of cases compared to 45.1% of cases in the comparison group. The structured approach used in the special endometriosis outpatient clinic is a key aspect of the care provided by the certified clinical and scientific endometriosis center. It ensures that patients are diagnosed and treated in accordance with guideline recommendations, that diagnosis and treatment comply with certification requirements, and that the collected data can be used to answer scientific questions.
Lumen apposing metal stents are superior to plastic stents in pancreatic walled-off necrosis: a large international multicenter study
Authors: Chen Yen-I , Yang Juliana , Friedland Shai , Holmes Ian , Law Ryan , Hosmer Amy , Stevens Tyler , Franco Matheus , Jang Sunguk , Pawa Rishi , Mathur Nihar , Sejpal Divyesh , Inamdar Sumant , Trindade Arvind , Nieto Jose , Berzin Tyler , Sawhney Mandeep , DeSimone Michael , DiMaio Christopher , Kumta Nikhil , Gupta Sanchit , Yachimski Patrick , Anderloni Andrea , Baron Todd , James Theodore , Jamil Laith , Ona Mel , Lo Simon , Gaddam Srinivas , Dollhopf Markus , Bukhari Majidah , Moran Robert , Gutierrez Olaya , Sanaei Omid , Fayad Lea , Ngamruengphong Saowanee , Kumbhari Vivek , Singh Vikesh , Repici Alessandro , Khashab Mouen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims The use of lumen apposing metal stents (LAMS) during EUS-guided transmural drainage (EUS-TD) of pancreatic walled-off necrosis (WON) has gained popularity. Data supporting their use in WON over plastic stents (PS), however, remain scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of LAMS (Axios, Boston Scientific) with PS in WON.
Patients and methods This was a multicenter, retrospective study involving 14 centers. Consecutive patients who underwent EUS-TD of WON (2012 – 2016) were included. The primary end point was clinical success defined as WON size ≤ 3 cm within a 6-month period without need for percutaneous drainage (PCD) or surgery.
Results A total of 189 patients (mean age 55.2 ± 15.6 years, 34.9 % female) were included (102 LAMS and 87 PS). Technical success rates were similar: 100 % in LAMS and 98.9 % in PS (P = 0.28). Clinical success was attained in 80.4 % of LAMS and 57.5 % of PS (P = 0.001). Rate of PCD was similar (13.7 % LAMS vs. 16.3 % PS, P = 0.62), while PS was associated with a greater need for surgery (16.1 % PS vs. 5.6 % LAMS, P = 0.02). Adverse events (AEs) were observed in 9.8 % of LAMS and 10.3 % of PS (P = 0.90) and were rated as severe in 2.0 % and 6.9 %, respectively (P = 0.93). After excluding patients with < 6 months follow-up, the rate of WON recurrence following initial clinical success was greater with PS (22.9 % PS vs. 5.6 % LAMS, P = 0.04).
Conclusions When compared to PS, LAMS in WON is associated with higher clinical success, shorter procedure time, lower need for surgery, and lower rate of recurrence.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Colorectal Surgery: A Review of the Economic Implications
Authors: Stone Alexander , Grant Michael , Wu Christopher , Wick Elizabeth 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs are transdisciplinary, evidence-based perioperative protocols that aim to standardize best practices and increase the value of delivered healthcare. Quality improvement programs such as ERAS for colorectal surgery have been linked to a reduction in rates of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) including surgical site infection as well as a reduction in overall length of stay. Importantly, to achieve these results, hospitals must commit to fostering transdisciplinary collaboration across surgery, anesthesiology, and nursing, as well as alignment between frontline providers and hospital executives. This requires upfront investment as well as ongoing resource allocation to sustain the program but given the magnitude of the potential impact of a successful ERAS program on multiple domains of quality and safety, the investment will easily reap ongoing rewards. The purpose of this manuscript is to outline implementation and sustainability costs of an ERAS program as well as discuss the potential cost savings related to the program to further inform hospitals considering adoption of this approach to care.
Estimating Gestational Age from Ultrasound: External Validation of the NICHD Formula with Comparison to the Hadlock Regression
Authors: Cawyer Chase R. , Anderson Sarah B. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Skupski Daniel W. , Owen John 
Published: February 2019

Objective To externally validate the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) formula developed from the National Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons and compare with 1984 Hadlock regression in a general obstetrical population.
Study Design Cross-sectional study of nonanomalous singletons with a crown-rump length (CRL) and ≥1 additional ultrasound (US) with complete fetal biometrics. CRL established the referent estimated due date to calculate the error at every examination from both formulas. Error was the difference between the CRL-derived gestational age (GA) and each method's predicted GA. Comparisons were also made in three GA intervals: 1 (140/7–206/7), 2 (210/7–286/7), and 3 (≥290/7). Odds ratios evaluated the likelihood of errors outside the prespecified (±) day ranges. Repeated measures analysis of variance and generalized estimating equations controlled multiple US in the same patient.
Results A total of 6,043 patients produced 16,904 USs for evaluation. The NICHD formula yielded significantly smaller mean errors in all GA ranges compared with the Hadlock formula (p < 0.01). In interval 3, the NICHD formula had significantly lower odds of discerning examinations outside the prespecified error range (odds ratio: 1.27).
Conclusion The NICHD formula is a valid estimate of estimating GA in a general obstetrical population and was superior to the Hadlock formula, most notably in the third trimester.
Cognitive Discourse Functions meet historical competences
Authors: Dalton-Puffer Christiane , Bauer-Marschallinger Silvia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper combines the perspectives of applied linguistics and history education in order to explore the viability of a genuinely non-binary pedagogy for content and language integration. Cognitive Discourse Functions (CDFs) are mapped against the model of historical competences underlying the current Austrian secondary history curriculum. The theoretical analysis shows the performance of CDFs as central to the constitution of historical competences. For the empirical part of the study, two complete didactic units on the topic of the Industrial Revolution were recorded, and oral and written utterances by students were analysed both in terms of CDF use and historical competences. The results confirm a significant connection between competences and CDFs. We argue that some explicit attention to CDFs and the linguistic resources necessary for their competent verbalization could significantly enhance the subject literacy level of Austrian CLIL history learners in both oral and written production.
Capturing technical terms in spoken CLIL
Authors: Rieder-Bünemann Angelika , Hüttner Julia , Smit Ute 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContent and language integrated learning (CLIL), an educational approach using a foreign language to teach non-language subjects, has been consistently gaining in popularity. Despite an increasing research base suggesting its benefits for general language proficiency, the contribution made to learning and using subject-specific target language elements is largely under-researched. This paper addresses one aspect of this, i.e. students’ use of subject-specific vocabulary in CLIL classroom communication. We propose a holistic model for identifying both single and multi-word lexical units specific to the school subject in oral classroom data, integrating corpus-linguistic and qualitative data analysis. The method is trialled using a data set of 16 hours of secondary-school CLIL classroom data within the subject of European economics and politics in Year 12. Findings show that a holistic definition of subject-specific vocabulary is vital, and that the model constitutes an adequate and flexible tool for specifying CLIL terminology in oral classroom discourse.
The methodological affordances and challenges of using Facebook to research study abroad
Authors: Dressler Roswita , Dressler Anja 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSome study abroad (SA) researchers use Facebook as a tool to reach participants or as the site or context of research. InDressler and Dressler (2016), we examined the linguistic identity positioning of one sojourner in Facebook posts over two sojourns. In this paper, we determine the methodological affordances and challenges of the social media site as both a tool and context of research. We conclude that for the original study, using Facebook enabled us to download large amounts of observational data and study the identity positioning over time. Throughout the data collection, analysis, and writing, we encountered challenges regarding ownership of data, the dynamic nature of Facebook over the two time periods of the study, the use of photographs, and our focus on the textual aspects of posting. From this analysis, we provide recommendations for the use of Facebook in SA research moving forward.
“As a friend, that’s the one thing I always am very conscious not to do”
Authors: Surtees Victoria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe field of study abroad (SA) research has paid scant attention to the perspectives of people with whom SA students interact in the host community (e.g.,Kinginger, 2012), particularly to the perspectives of peers. This paper analyzes interviews conducted with eight English-speaking peers of Japanese SA students sojourning in Western Canada. Using membership categorization analysis (MCA) (Housley & Fitzgerald, 2015), it examines how peers used category-based rationales to claim or resist responsibilities related to the SA students’ language development. Findings point to the relevance of two local identity categories: friends and exchange students. Exchange students were constructed as responsible for ‘asking for help’ while peers constructed their own role as ‘helping when asked’. Peers also treated correction as an ‘unfriendly’ practice. In addition to providing insight into peers’ understandings of their roles in students’ learning, the analyses demonstrate how interview questions can shape the participants responses in meaningful ways.
An Organized Work Force is Part of Growing Up: Gawker and the Case for Unionizing Digital Newsrooms
Authors: Prasad Revati 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn June 2015 Gawker Media became the first for-profit digital news organization to unionize its editorial workforce. True to their bombastic style, they did so publicly, publishing a post where staff commented on how they were going to vote regarding the union and why. This article examines the ensuing discussion to understand how this group of culture workers perceived their labor, and the value they sought not just from collective bargaining, but from doing so publicly. Gawker’s unionization was aimed not exclusively at Gawker, but spoke to a vision for the entire sector. Gawker staff were motivated to collective action by the precarity that besets digital media, while the publicness of the effort was aimed at their peer organizations. The public performance of unionism at Gawker may signal a shift in the discourse around collective bargaining among young creative workers as more digital outlets come to organize their workforce.