bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanically Robust, Highly Ionic Conductive Gels Based on Random Copolymers for Bending Durable Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Seo Dong Gyu , Moon Hong Chul 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMechanically robust, highly ionic conductive gels based on a random copolymer of poly[styrene‐ran‐1‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate] (P[S‐r‐VBMI][PF6]) and the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMI][TFSI]) are successfully prepared. The gels with either homo P[VBMI][PF6] or conventional PS‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐PS (SMS) show significant trade‐off between ionic conductivity and mechanical resilience. In contrast, the P[S‐r‐VBMI][PF6]‐based gels exhibit both large elastic modulus (≈0.105 MPa) and ionic conductivity (≈1.15 mS cm−1) at room temperature. To demonstrate that these materials can be used as solid‐state electrolytes, the ion gels are functionalized by incorporating electrochromic (EC) chromophores (ethyl viologen, EV2+) and are applied to EC devices (ECDs). The devices show low‐voltage operation, large optical transmittance variation, and good cyclic coloration/bleaching stability. In addition, flexible ECDs are fabricated to take advantage of the mechanical properties of the gels. The ECDs have excellent bending durability under both compressive and tensile strains. The versatile P[S‐r‐VBMI][PF6]‐based gel is anticipated to be of advantage in flexible electrochemical applications, such as batteries and electrochemical displays.
Visually Imperceptible Liquid‐Metal Circuits for Transparent, Stretchable Electronics with Direct Laser Writing
Authors: Pan Chengfeng , Kumar Kitty , Li Jianzhao , Markvicka Eric J. , Herman Peter R. , Majidi Carmel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA material architecture and laser‐based microfabrication technique is introduced to produce electrically conductive films (sheet resistance = 2.95 Ω sq−1; resistivity = 1.77 × 10−6 Ω m) that are soft, elastic (strain limit >100%), and optically transparent. The films are composed of a grid‐like array of visually imperceptible liquid‐metal (LM) lines on a clear elastomer. Unlike previous efforts in transparent LM circuitry, the current approach enables fully imperceptible electronics that have not only high optical transmittance (>85% at 550 nm) but are also invisible under typical lighting conditions and reading distances. This unique combination of properties is enabled with a laser writing technique that results in LM grid patterns with a line width and pitch as small as 4.5 and 100 µm, respectively—yielding grid‐like wiring that has adequate conductivity for digital functionality but is also well below the threshold for visual perception. The electrical, mechanical, electromechanical, and optomechanical properties of the films are characterized and it is found that high conductivity and transparency are preserved at tensile strains of ≈100%. To demonstrate their effectiveness for emerging applications in transparent displays and sensing electronics, the material architecture is incorporated into a couple of illustrative use cases related to chemical hazard warning.
Bestimmung der absoluten Konfiguration pharmazeutischer Wirkstoffe durch Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie
Authors: Schlesinger Carina , Tapmeyer Lukas , Gumbert Silke D. , Prill Dragica , Bolte Michael , Schmidt Martin U. , Saal Christoph 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDie absolute Konfiguration pharmazeutischer Wirkstoffe lässt sich bestimmen, indem Salze der Wirkstoffe mit Gegenionen bekannter Chiralität hergestellt und ihre Kristallstrukturen durch Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie bestimmt werden. Sehr kleine Substanzmengen (weniger als 1 mg) sind ausreichend. Die (oftmals schwierige) Züchtung von Einkristallen entfällt. Das Verfahren wird an fünf Beispielen gezeigt. Die Grenzen der Methode werden ebenfalls diskutiert.
Improvement in antifouling and separation performance of PVDF hybrid membrane by incorporation of room‐temperature ionic liquids grafted halloysite nanotubes for oil–water separation
Authors: Zhang Luhong , Shu Zhijie , Yang Na , Wang Baoyu , Dou Haozhen , Zhang Na 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTNovel hybrid poly(vinylidene fluoride) ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated via immersion precipitation method through the incorporation of the halloysite nanotubes functionalized with 1‐methyl‐3–(3‐triethoxysilypropyl) imidazolium chloride. The modified halloysite nanotubes were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The morphologies of hybrid membranes were characterized by atomic force microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer, while the filtration and antifouling performance were investigated by means of porosity, mean pore radius, pure water permeability, rejection ratio, and flux recovery ratio. The addition of the modified halloysite nanotubes obviously improved the membrane hydrophilicity. Besides, the flux recovery ratios were as high as 96% for humic acid and 94% for bovine serum albumin after two filtration cycles. Finally, the modified membranes were used to separate diesel oil–water emulsions. The rejection ratio and flux recovery ratio were as high as 99% and 94%, respectively. The poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes incorporated by the novel halloysite nanotubes provided a promising alternative for oil–water emulsions separation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46278.
Development of polymorphic EST‐SSR markers in Itea chinensis (Iteaceae) and cross‐amplification in related species
Authors: Shi Xianggang , Wu Haidan , Li Weixi , Guo Wuxia , Zheng Yi , Yu Shixiao , Huang Yelin 
Published: February 2018

Premise of the StudyWe isolated and characterized 16 expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers in Itea chinensis (Iteaceae), a common evergreen broadleaf tree, for future studies on the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of the species.Methods and ResultsBased on transcriptome data of I. chinensis, a total of 36 primer pairs were initially designed and tested. Of these, 16 were successfully amplified and showed clear polymorphism. For these markers, the number of alleles per locus varied from two to 15. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.600 and 0.072 to 0.554, respectively. Furthermore, all loci were successfully cross‐amplified in two congeneric species, I. oblonga and I. yangchunensis.ConclusionsThe EST‐SSR markers described here can be used to study the genetic diversity and phylogeographic patterns of I. chinensis and other related species in Itea.
A red‐emitting indolium fluorescence probe for membranes ‐ flavonoids interactions
Authors: Gao Qingyun , Liu Han , Ding Qiongjie , Du Jinya , Liu Chunlin , Yang Wei , Shen Ping , Yang Changying 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe red‐emitting indolium derivative compound (E)‐2‐(4‐(diphenylamino)styryl)‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐indol‐1‐ium iodide (H3) was demonstrated as a sensitive membrane fluorescence probe. The probe located at the interface of liposomes when mixed showed much fluorescence enhancement by inhibiting the twisted intramolecular charge transfer state. After ultrasonic treatment, it penetrated into lipid bilayers with the emissions leveling off and a rather large encapsulation efficiency (71.4%) in liposomes. The ζ‐potential and particle size measurement confirmed that the charged indolium group was embedded deeply into lipid bilayers. The probe was then used to monitor the affinities of antioxidant flavonoids for membranes. It was verified that quercetin easily interacted with liposomes and dissociated the probe from the internal lipid within 60 s under the condition of simply mixing. The assessment of binding affinities of six flavonoids and the coincident results with their antioxidation activities indicated that it was a promising membrane probe for the study of drug bio‐affinities.
Luminescent properties of novel red‐emitting M7Sn(PO4)6:Eu3+ (M = Sr, Ba) for light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Feng Guo , Jiang Weihui , Liu Jianmin , Li Cong , Zhang Quan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNovel red‐emitting phosphors, Eu3+‐activated M7Sn(PO4)6 (M = Sr, Ba), were synthesized at 1200°C by conventional solid‐state reaction method. The luminescent properties of M7Sn(PO4)6:Eu3+ (M = Sr, Ba) phosphors were investigated, and the critical concentration of the activator (Eu3+) concentration were found to be 0.175 mol and 0.21 mol per formula unit for Sr7‐xSn(PO4)6:xEu3+ and Ba7‐xSn(PO4)6:xEu3+, respectively. These phosphors presented red luminescence under the excitation of 395 or 465 nm, perfectly matching with the emissions wavelength of near‐ultraviolet (UV) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and InGaN blue LED.
Intra‐cardiac echo for left atrial appendage occlusion
Authors: Feldman Ted , Nazari Jose 
Published: February 2018

Key Points

Left atrial appendage occlusion using the Amulet device can be accomplished with fluoroscopic and intra‐cardiac echo (ICE) imaging for guidance, obviating the need for general anesthesia and trans‐esophageal echo.
The ICE device can be placed directly into the left atrium, parallel to the occluder delivery system, using a single transseptal puncture, rather than via double transseptal puncture.
The ideal methods for left atrial appendage imaging and procedure guidance have yet to be defined. The utility of CT evaluation is increasingly recognized. The emergence of three‐dimensional ICE is likely to further our progress along the path of simplifying the LAAO procedure.
Maximal efficiency is required to minimize complications and hospital stay after TAVR
Authors: Di Mario Carlo , Sorini Dini Carlotta 
Published: February 2018

Key Points

When TAVR is performed with transfemoral percutaneous approach, local anesthesia, no routine post‐procedural intensive care admission, an early discharge (<3 days) can be adopted in most TAVR patients
Avoiding peri‐procedural complications and minimizing pace‐maker implantation rate are key to allow early patient discharge
When properly selected, patients discharged early have low discharge have low risk of adverse events and readmissions in the first 30 days
Portal vein thrombosis after cesarean section in a patient on prolonged bed rest due to threatened preterm labor
Authors: Hibi Arata , Mogi Kazumasa 
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical MessagePortal vein thrombosis is a rare but life‐threatening complication during pregnancy and postpartum period. Color Doppler ultrasound is useful for prompt diagnosis. Although the risk of complications should be considered, successful pregnancy with comorbid portal vein thrombosis is possible with appropriate anticoagulation therapy and close monitoring.
Opposite Enantioselectivity by Nanotubes and Nanospheres Self‐Assembled from Dirhodium(II) and an l‐Glutamic Acid Terminated Bolaamphiphile
Authors: Yuan Chenhuan , Jiang Jian , Sun Hui , Wang Decai , Hu Yonghong , Liu Minghua 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCoordination is an important factor that can be used to modulate the structure and function of self‐assembly systems. Herein, we report the coordination‐regulated self‐assembly of chiral nanostructures and their enantioselective catalytic performances. We found that if a rhodium complex and an l‐glutamic acid terminated bolaamphiphile were self‐assembled by coordination, single‐walled nanotubes and nanospheres could be obtained depending on the molar ratio. Interestingly, the nanotubes and nanospheres showed opposite supramolecular chirality even though the same chiral bolaamphiphile was used. If the nanospheres and nanotubes were used as catalysts for the asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction, opposite enantioselectivities were obtained, which indicated that it was the supramolecular chirality rather than the molecular chirality that controlled the enantioselectivity of the asymmetric reaction. This work provides not only a feasible method to construct different nanostructures through metal coordination but also a new pathway of transferring chirality from the supramolecular level to chiral products.
Reaction Kinetics of Steam Reforming of n‐Butanol over a Ni/Hydrotalcite Catalyst
Authors: Yadav Abhimanyu K. , Vaidya Prakash D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPyrolytic lignin can be transformed to liquid transportation fuels by hydrotreatment, which requires hydrogen (H2). Bio‐oil is a suitable renewable feedstock for H2 production. Here, n‐butanol was chosen as a model compound representing alcohols in the bio‐oil aqueous fraction. H2 production from steam reforming of n‐butanol was investigated in a fixed‐bed reactor using a commercial Ni/hydrotalcite catalyst. A plausible reaction pathway in the presence of Ni was discussed. An increase in reforming temperature, space time, and steam/carbon ratio in the feed enhanced the n‐butanol conversion and H2 yield. Reaction kinetics was studied in the defined chemical control regime. The reaction order with respect to n‐butanol (one) and the activation energy were determined.
Polymorph Control of L‐Phenylalanine in Cooling Crystallization by Ultrasonication
Authors: Ike Yuki , Hirasawa Izumi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMost of the amino acids that are utilized as medical raw materials and food additives show polymorphism. To improve the physical and chemical properties of the crystals, an effective method for polymorph control is required in the crystallization process. In this study, polymorph control of L‐phenylalanine in cooling crystallization by ultrasonication was investigated. L‐Phenylalanine crystallizes in anhydrate and monohydrate forms. Without ultrasonication, a mixture of monohydrate and anhydrate forms was obtained. In contrast, the yield of monohydrate was increased by ultrasonication. In addition, ultrasonication shortened the induction time. It was considered that ultrasonic energy could supply the energy required for primary nucleation.
Correlation of Structural and Magnetic Properties in a Set of Mononuclear Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Comba Peter , Daumann Lena J. , Klingeler Rüdiger , Koo Changhyun , Riley Mark J. , Roberts Asha E. , Wadepohl Hubert , Werner Johannes 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe electronic and magnetic properties of a set of mononuclear terbium(III) and dysprosium(III) complexes with two tetradentate 1‐hydroxy‐pyridin‐2‐one (1,2‐HOPO) ligands are reported. Two primary coordination geometries are observed, depending on the length of the linker between the 1,2‐HOPO donor moieties and the resulting arrangements of the linker. Fine details of the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of the dysprosium(III) complexes illustrate differences in the splitting of the J multiplets and allow for a thorough ligand field analysis. High frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (HF‐EPR) studies of the terbium(III) complexes give insight into the composition of the ground states. Ab initio calculations are utilized to rationalize the experimental results and further illustrate the effect of the structural features on the electronic and magnetic properties of the different complexes.
Macrocycle‐Enabled Counteranion Trapping for Improved Catalytic Efficiency
Authors: Ning Rui , Ao Yu‐Fei , Wang De‐Xian , Wang Qi‐Qiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe tight host–guest binding enabled by functional macrocycles can be utilized to tune catalysis. While the strong crown ether–cation complexation has been widely applied on enhancing the reactivity of the paired anion, the complementary strategy by applying a macrocyclic anion receptor to trap a counteranion to improve the cation catalytic activity remains unexplored. To realize this strategy, a macrocycle incorporating multiple cooperative H‐bonding sites was synthesized and shown to tightly trap ethanedisulfonate anion in crystals and in acetonitrile solution (K>106 m−1). With the strong binding tendency, the presence of as low as 0.25 mol % of the macrocycle can significantly improve the ethanedisulfonic acid‐catalyzed Povarov reaction efficiency, while the acyclic analogues had diminished effect. Catalysis outcomes and binding studies taken together suggested the macrocycle promotion was through favoring the substrate protonation by trapping the counteranion of the acid catalyst.
PRECISE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEXT‐GENERATION EARTH GRAVITY FIELD MODEL FROM HIP‐3S BASED ON COMBINATION OF INLINE AND PENDULUM SATELLITE FORMATIONS
Authors: Wei ZHENG , Hou‐Ze XU , Zhao‐Wei LI , Fan WU 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBecause the sensitivity of the disturbing intersatellite range measurements to the recovery accuracy of the Earth's gravitational field is superior to that of the intersatellite range measurements, the observation equation of a new Disturbing Intersatellite Range Method (DIRM) is created in this study. Then the orbital stability of the next‐generation Hybrid‐Inline‐Pendulum‐Three‐Satellite (HIP‐3S) formation is efficiently verified. The research results indicate that the HIP‐3S formation is sufficiently steady for further enhancing the accuracy of the future Earth gravity field model. Finally, the Earth's gravitational field complete up to degree and order 120 is precisely recovered by the current GRACE‐2S inline formation and the next‐generation HIP‐3S combined formation based on the new DIRM, and the cumulative geoid height errors are 2.271×10−1 m and 1.923×10−3 m at degree 120, respectively. The study results show that the future HIP‐3S formation is helpful for producing the next‐generation Earth gravity field model with higher accuracy and spatial resolution.
CALCULATION OF THE CO‐SEISMIC DEFORMATION AND STRESS CHANGES OF THE KAIKOURA Mw7.8 EARTHQUAKE, NOV 13, 2016
Authors: Hui‐Hong CHENG , Bei ZHANG , Huai ZHANG , Yao‐Lin SHI 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOn 13 November, 2016, an Mw7.8 earthquake occurred in Kaikoura, northern South Island, New Zealand. The Mw 7.8 earthquake caused strong surface deformation, massive landslides and tsunami. Based on the fault slip model released by United States Geological Survey, the co‐seismic deformation and stress changes by Kaikoura Mw7.8 earthquake were computed with the global heterogeneous ellipsoid Earth model and high precision topography. The preliminary results show that the hanging wall of the Mw7.8 earthquake uplifted to the northeast, while the footwall subducting southwest. The co‐seismic deformation caused by this earthquake is up to several centimeters from Kaikoura to Campbell and the capital city of Wellington. The maximum co‐seismic horizontal displacement is about 1.2 m whereas the vertical is about 1.1 m. Although the accumulated strain along seismogenic faults had been released by this earthquake, the compressional force at the both ends of the seismogenic faults was increased due to co‐seismic stress changes and the maximum value of the co‐seismic stress changes reaches the order of MPa. The Coulomb failure stress changes are also up to MPa that are concentrated in the vicinity of epicenter. At the same time, the risk for NE‐SW dextral slip faults increases due to the co‐seismic shear stress. We also calculated the Coulomb Failure Stress changes in the North Island and South Island with local fault systems respectively. Our results show that Coulomb failure stress changes are positive in both regions, which means subsequent earthquakes are possible.
ELASTIC REVERSE TIME MIGRATION BASED ON WAVEFIELD SEPARATION
Authors: Wei‐Hong WANG , Wei ZHANG , Ying SHI , Xuan KE 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCompared with other imaging algorithms (e.g., ray‐based, one‐way wave equation), reverse time migration (RTM) based on the two‐way wave equation exhibits greater superiority, especially in handling steeply dipping structures. However, imaging with conventional single‐component seismic data is unsuited for some complicated structures (e.g., gas clouds). Elastic RTM, which is based on the elastodynamic equation and uses multi‐component seismic data to extract PP and PS reflectivity and subsurface information, can more consistently reproduce the characteristics of elastic wave propagation in real Earth media, resulting in seismic images that more accurately characterize the subsurface. To begin with, we exploit the first order stress‐velocity equations to extrapolate the elastic vector wavefield, then the P‐ and S‐wavefields are separated by computing the divergence and curl operator of the extrapolated particle‐velocity wavefield. Then, imaging profiles with pure wave modes are computed by applying the source normalized cross‐correlation imaging condition, thus avoiding crosstalk between unseparated wave modes. To address the polarity reversal problem of the converted image, we propose an alternative method in the common‐shot domain. We also develop an efficient method that reconstructs the source wavefield in the reverse time direction to save storage in the GPU and to avoid large input/output in the elastic reverse time migration. During the forward modeling, the method only saves the particle‐velocity wavefield of all time intervals within an efficient absorbing boundary and the total wavefields in the final time interval. When we extrapolate the receiver wavefield in the reverse time direction, we simultaneously reconstruct the total source wavefields via the saved wavefields. Numerical examples performed with the graben and Marmousi2 models have shown that the polarity reversal correction method works, and elastic reverse time migration can accurately characterize complicated structures.
Discrete Polymerization of 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene in Cyclodextrin‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Michida Wataru , Nagai Anna , Sakuragi Mina , Kusakabe Katsuki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPolymerization of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in cyclodextrin‐based metal‐organic framework (CD‐MOF) is investigated. CD‐MOF can provide the bottleneck‐type nanochannels that linked the alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic pores. Adsorbed EDOT molecules selectively existed in the hydrophilic pores evaluating 1.7 nm in diameter. After the oxidative polymerization, isolated oligomers composed of fewer than five EDOT are formed in the hydrophilic pore. The CD‐MOF with EDOT oligomers became thermally stable and exhibited reduced solubility in water.