bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic cognitive remediation for a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) significantly improves attention, working memory, processing speed, and reading fluency
Authors: Lawton Teri , Huang Ming-Xiong 
Published: February 2019

Background: In the U.S. 3.8 million people have a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) each year. Rapid brain training exercises to improve cognitive function after a mild TBI are needed. Objective: This study determines whether cognitive remediation by discriminating the direction a test pattern moves relative to a stationary background (movement figure-ground discrimination) improves the vision and cognitive deficits that result from a TBI, providing a paradigm shift in treatment methods. Methods: Movement-discrimination neurotraining was used to remediate low-level visual timing deficits in the dorsal stream to determine whether it improved high-level cognitive functions, such as processing speed, reading fluency, and the executive control functions of attention and working memory in four men with a TBI between the ages of 15–68. Standardized tests, as well as Magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain imaging, were administered at the beginning and end of 8–16 weeks of intervention training to evaluate improvements in cognitive skills. Results: Movement-discrimination cognitive neurotraining remediated both low-level visual timing deficits and high-level cognitive functioning, including selective and sustained attention, reading fluency, processing speed, and working memory for all TBI patients we studied. MEG brain imaging, using the Fast-VESTAL procedure, showed that this movement-discrimination training improved time-locked activity in the dorsal stream, attention, and executive control networks. Conclusions: Remediating visual timing deficits in the dorsal stream revealed the causal role of visual movement discrimination training in improving high-level cognitive functions such as focusing and switching attention, working memory, processing speed, and reading. This study found that movement-discrimination training was very rapid and effective in remediating cognitive deficits, providing a new approach that is very beneficial for treating a mild TBI.
Frontal lobe function, behavioral changes and quality of life in patients with multiple system atrophy
Authors: Zhang LingYu , Cao Bei , Zou Yutong , Wei Qian-Qian , Ou RuWei , Zhao Bi , Yang Jing , Wu Ying , Shang HuiFang 
Published: February 2019

Background: Cognitive impairment is an important and common symptom in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the potential relationships among frontal lobe function, behavioral changes and quality of life (QoL) in patients with MSA. Methods: A total of 203 MSA patients were enrolled and evaluated using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) and the Parkinson’s disease Questionnaire-39 item version (PDQ-39). Seventy-eight age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls were recruited to complete the FAB. Results: Among MSA patients, those with frontal lobe dysfunction were older ( P = 0.005), had older age of onset ( P = 0.002), lower educational level ( P <  0.001), higher scores in the PDQ-39 domains of mobility ( P = 0.042), ADL ( P = 0.020), cognition ( P <  0.001) and communication compared to those with normal frontal lobe function. The most common frontal behavioral changes were logopenia followed by apathy and inflexibility. The severity of frontal behavioral changes was associated with MSA subtype ( P = 0.015), disease severity (Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale-I (UMSARS-I), UMSARS-II, UMSARS-IV, and total UMSARS scores) ( P <  0.001), orthostatic hypotension ( P = 0.022), severity of depressive symptoms and total score on the PDQ-39 ( P <  0.001). Binary logistic regression showed that the determinants of poor QoL in patients with MSA were disease severity (UMSARS-I and total UMSARS scores) ( P <  0.05), depression ( P = 0.013) and total FBI score ( P = 0.003). Conclusions: Frontal behavioral changes were potential determinants of poor QoL in MSA, in addition to the disease severity and depressive symptoms. Early discovery and management of frontal behavioral changes in addition to motor and depressive symptoms will help to improve the QoL of MSA patients.
PEMBELAJARAN EKSTRAKULIKULER SENI LUKIS KACA DI SMP NEGERI 3 SUKASADA
Authors: Suryawan I Gde 
Published: February 2019

<p><em>Glass painting art as a “Kosa Rupa Bali” wealth especially Buleleng was very important to keep, one of them was in education. Because of that, it must be trained and directed for skill development through glass painting art extracuricular in many level, in this research focus on junior high scool especially at SMP N 3 Sukasada. The problem, that would be analyzed in this research are: (1) How are the glass painting art extracuricular learning process at SMP N 3 Sukasada. (2) How is the result of glass painting art extracurricularat SMP N 3 Sukasada. (3) What are the factor that affect the glass painting art extracuricular at SMP N 3 Sukasada. The research method that used was qualitative. The location that was choose for this research was SMP N 3 Sukasada. The technique that was used for collecting the data included: observation, interview, and documentation. The data was analysed by descriptive.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords: Learning, Ekstracuricular, Glass Painting</em></p>
METAFORA DAN IDIOLOGI FILM IKLAN MANDIRI SECURITAS
Authors: Handriyotopo H., , Lastoro GR Lono , Gustami SP 
Published: February 2019

<p><em>The Mandiri Securitas advertisement film is a corporate advertisement that contains a persuasive message to increase brand image as a leader in investment in the Stock Exchange or trusted banking investment in Indonesia. The metaphor in the Mandiri Securitas advertisement contains cinematographic images that borrow keris culture to be sided with banking culture. This qualitative descriptive study uses a semiotic approach to appropriate verbal and visual messages from the system of rhetorical marks "Minus One". The content of visual rhetoric and verbal rhetoric on the Mandiri Securitas advertisement was reviewed by Roland Barthes's semiotic theory, because it was considered capable of uncovering the relationship of the sign meaning behind the denotative marker system and connotative markers from the ideology of Mandiri Securitas advertisements with the theme of empu keris (keris maker). The results of this study prove that the application of the "Minus-One" method is very helpful to find and recognize the roles played by the constituent elements of a film construction. The Mandiri Securitas advertisement film is an example of the appropriation of the tradition world for the benefit of the modern world. The tradition world is not displayed in its entirety as it is, but is displayed partially and determined based on the image of the modern world wants to construct as an imagery form of advertising.</em><em></em></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Metaphor, rhetoric, Semiotics, and ideology</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
European and Italian trades on the Silk Road: a reassessment
Authors: Ciriacono Salvatore 
Published: February 2019

The principal aim of my essay is looking at the presence and the role of the European and particularly Italian merchants on the so called “Silk Road” during the 17th and 18th century. We have to remember that this expression was introduced by the German geologist Ferdinand von Richthofen, a topic that is receiving a growing attention from the contemporary historians. Indeed this focus is connected to the attention that is given by contemporary economic/political actors to the fortune of the Chinese economy. It is not an accident that Chinese advance is seen by many as the cause of the declining role of Western economies inside the world market.
Motivation of training of modern student youth
Authors: Martynyuk I. 
Published: February 2019

The article presents the results of the research of the dominant motives of studying modern students, the correlation of internal and external motivation of their educational activities, the place of knowledge and development among terminal values and education among the instrumental values of students, expressiveness of need in knowledge and the formation of their motivation component of their readiness for self-education activities. To research the motivation of studying modern students were used such techniques: technique for diagnostics the motives of learning (in the modification of A. Rean, V. Yakunin), the technique of diagnostic the internal motivation of the learning by T. Dubovytska, technique “Valuable orientations” by M. Rokich, technique “SAMOAL”, the authorʼs questionnaire “I am learning a profession”. In the process of analysis of the results, methods of descriptive statistics were used: the definition of mean value and frequency analysis. An empirical study was conducted during the 2017-2018 years. Respondets were students of I-IV courses and masterʼs degree of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (specialties: social work, psychology, agroengineering, forestry, constraction and civil engineering, economic cybernetics), Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University (specialty: psychology), National Pedagogical Dragomanov University (specialty: psychology), Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University (specialty: publishing and edition), a total of 321 persons.
It is substantiated that the most students motivate their educational activity with the desire to become a highly skilled specialist, to ensure the success of future professional activities, to acquire deep and solid knowledge, to obtain intellectual satisfaction and receive a diploma. The dominance of internal incentives to study in students before external ones is indicated. There is described the attitude of respondents to knowledge, development, education as an average by value in term of the goals that should be sought, and ways of acting in any situation. The average level of expression of the need to know of respondents is highlighted. The high motivational component of studentʼs readiness for self-education is substantiated: the dominance of a positive attitude towards the chosen profession, an understanding of its requirements and its abilities, an awareness of the importance of improvement in activity, cognitive interest, the presence of a responsibility, the ability to set goals and make efforts for its achievement, to plan its activities. The prospects for organizing the educational process in universities are outlined, taking into account the identified peculiarities of the motivation of learning modern students: creating an atmosphere that support the internal motivation of learning, helping to obtain intellectual satisfaction from the learning process and stimulating to constant self-development in the chosen profession.
The Extremely Luminous Quasar Survey in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Footprint. III. The South Galactic Cap Sample and the Quasar Luminosity Function at Cosmic Noon
Authors: Schindler Jan-Torge , Fan Xiaohui , McGreer Ian D. , Yang Jinyi , Wang Feige , Green Richard , Fynbo Johan P. U. , Krogager Jens-Kristian , Green Elisabeth M. , Huang Yun-Hsin , Kadowaki Jennifer , Patej Anna , Wu Ya-Lin , Yue Minghao 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We have designed the Extremely Luminous Quasar Survey (ELQS) to provide a highly complete census of unobscured UV-bright quasars during the cosmic noon, z = 2.8–5.0. Here we report the discovery of 70 new quasars in the ELQS South Galactic Cap (ELQS-S) quasar sample, doubling the number of known extremely luminous quasars in 4237.3 deg2 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey footprint. These observations conclude the ELQS and we present the properties of the full ELQS quasar catalog, containing 407 quasars over 11,838.5 deg2. Our novel ELQS quasar selection strategy resulted in unprecedented completeness at the bright end and allowed us to discover 109 new quasars in total. This marks an increase of ∼36% (109/298) in the known population at these redshifts and magnitudes, while we further are able to retain a selection efficiency of ∼80%. On the basis of 166 quasars from the full ELQS quasar catalog, which adhere to the uniform criteria of the Two Micron All Sky Survey point source catalog, we measure the bright-end quasar luminosity function (QLF) and extend it one magnitude brighter than previous studies. Assuming a single power law with exponential density evolution for the functional form of the QLF, we retrieve the best-fit parameters from a maximum likelihood analysis. We find a steep bright-end slope of β ≈ −4.1, and we can constrain the bright-end slope to β ≤ −3.4 with 99% confidence. The density is well modeled by the exponential redshift evolution, resulting in a moderate decrease with redshift (γ ≈ −0.4).
The Evolution of Flare Activity with Stellar Age
Authors: Davenport James R. A. , Covey Kevin R. , Clarke Riley W. , Boeck Austin C. , Cornet Jonathan , Hawley Suzanne L. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Using a recent census of flare stars from the Kepler survey, we have explored how flare activity evolves across stellar main-sequence lifetimes. We utilize a sample of 347 stars with robust flare activity detections and which have rotation periods measured via starspot modulations in their Kepler light curves. We consider three separate methods for quantifying flare activity from optical light curves and compare their utility for comparing flare activity between stars of differing ages and luminosities. These metrics include the fractional luminosity emitted in flares, the specific rate of flares emitted at a given energy, and a model for the entire flare frequency distribution (FFD). With all three approaches, we find that flare activity decreases for all low-mass stars as they spin down, and thus with age. Most striking is the evolution of the flare occurrence frequency distributions, which show no significant change in the power-law slope with age. Since our sample is preferentially constructed of younger, more active stars, our model overpredicts the superflare rate previously estimated for the Sun. Finally, we parameterize our best-fit model of the FFD for ease in predicting the rates of flares and their associated impacts on planet habitability and detection.
Integrating the National Council of State Boards of Nursing Clinical Judgment Model Into Nursing Educational Frameworks
Authors: Dickison Philip , Haerling Katie A. , Lasater Kathie 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Sound nursing clinical judgment is at the core of competent and safe client care. New graduate nurses face increasing challenges that underscore the importance of investigating how nurse educators teach and measure nursing students' abilities to make clinical judgments. This article presents the National Council of State Boards of Nursing-Clinical Judgment Model (NCSBN-CJM) and discusses the use of the model.

Method:
A multidisciplinary team conducted a qualitative comparative analysis of the relationships between the NCSBN-CJM and the three leading frameworks for providing clinical judgment education to entry-level nurses.

Results:
The NCSBN-CJM aligns with the Information-Processing Model and the Intuitive-Humanistic Model. The NCSBN-CJM also can be used to assess the Dual Process Reasoning Theory.

Conclusion:

The NCSBN-CJM can assist nurse educators in designing effective tools for assessing clinical judgment by helping them target specific cognitive operations. This flexible model expresses the complexities associated with decision making in a simplified manner to enable better measurement of clinical judgment.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2019;58(2):72–78.]
Mechanical Corneal Epithelium Scraping and Ethanol Treatment Up-regulate Cytokine Gene Expression Differently in Rabbit Cornea
Authors: Chang Shu-Wen , Chou San-Fang , Chuang Jia-Ling 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To explore inflammation and wound healing in the rabbit eye following topical ethanol treatment or mechanical debridement.

Methods:
Seventy-six pigmented rabbit corneas were divided into four groups: mechanical group (n=33), which received mechanical epithelial debridement; ethanol-30 (n=18) and ethanol-60 groups (n=18), which were treated with 20% ethanol for 30 and 60 seconds, respectively; and control group (n=7), which remained untreated. Corneal epithelial and stromal keratocyte changes were examined with hematoxylin-eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUPT nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining at 3 hours (day 0) and days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7. Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

Stromal keratocyte cell death was higher in the mechanical group on day 0 (
P
=.002) and in the ethanol-60 group on days 3, 5, and 7 (
P
<.05). Keratocyte cell death was more pronounced in the ethanol-60 group than in the ethanol-30 group. In the mechanical group, IL-1α, IL-8, and MCP-1 expression was up-regulated starting on day 0 (
P
<.05) and returned to baseline on day 5 to 7. TGF-β1 expression was up-regulated in the mechanical group throughout the experiment (
P
<.05). In the ethanol-30 and ethanol-60 groups, IL-1α expression was up-regulated on day 0, IL-8 expression was slightly up-regulated on day 0, and MCP-1 and TGF-β1 expression were not up-regulated.

Conclusions:

Mechanical epithelial removal initially induces more keratocyte cell death, but deep stromal keratocyte death persists longer with ethanol treatment. In this rabbit model, mechanical epithelial removal upregulated inflammatory cytokines and TGF-β1 gene expression more than ethanol treatment. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:150–159.]
Corneal Topographic Changes After Four Types of Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Yilmaz Safiye , Yuksel Tolga , Maden Ahmet 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate effects of different pterygium surgeries on corneal topography.

Methods:
Pre- and postoperative computerized videokeratography was performed on 120 eyes of 115 patients undergoing pterygium removal. Four techniques were used: bare sclera, excision with mitomycin C, limbal-conjunctival autograft, and conjunctival autograft. Corneal spherical power, topographical astigmatism, pre- and postoperative topographic irregularity, and surgically induced astigmatism were compared among surgical approaches.

Results:

Mean topographic astigmatism value decreased significantly 4 months postoperatively. The difference among the postoperative astigmatism values at 4 months was statistically significant (
P
<.001). Statistically significant differences were noted between the type of surgery and surgically induced astigmatism (
P
<.05), mean topographical astigmatism (
P
<.05), and spherical power (
P
<.05), but no significant difference was observed in topographic irregularity (
P
=.067). The amount of corneal steepening in each group was 0.06±0.5 for conjunctival autograft, 0.02±0.3 for limbal-conjunctival autograft, 2.34±1.1 for bare sclera, and 1.70±0.4 for mitomycin C. The mitomycin C group produced the most induced astigmatism and the limbal-conjunctival autograft group produced the least induced astigmatism.

Conclusions:

Although pterygium surgery significantly reduces refractive astigmatism and topographic irregularity, spherical power increases and the cornea becomes steeper. This steepening is apparent with the bare sclera or excision combined with mitomycin C approaches. Surgeons should consider the possibility of recurrence and the effects of different types of surgeries on topography. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:160–165.]
Performance of a New Binocular Wavefront Aberrometer Based on a Self-imaging Diffractive Sensor
Authors: Warden Laurence , Liu Yueai , Binder Perry S. , Dreher Andreas W. , Sverdrup Lawrence 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To compare the performance of the Ophthonix Z-View diffractive aberrometer with two different Hartmann-Shack aberrometers.

Methods:
The Ophthonix Z-View was compared with the Alcon LADARWave and VISX WaveScan using 4 model eyes and 68 human eyes. Comparisons using three fixed, single-surface model eyes each with a different wavefront pattern were used to determine higher order accuracy. Lower order accuracy, linearity, and higher order repeatability were tested with a fourth model eye with a movable retinal surface. Manifest refraction spherical equivalent and the calculated spherical equivalent refraction of the aberrometers were compared in 68 human eyes.

Results:
The Z-View was more accurate with lower noise compared to the WaveScan and LADARWave systems for higher order measurements of the fixed model eyes. Total root-mean-square difference from surface topography derived average values for all model eye configurations were 0.48, 0.95, and 0.74 μm for the Z-View, WaveScan, and LADARWave aberrometers, respectively. Average inter-measurement standard deviations for the fixed model eyes were 0.024, 0.025, and 0.034 μm for the Z-View, WaveScan, and LADARWave aberrometers, respectively. Results were similar among the systems for measuring the movable retina surface model eye and comparing manifest refraction spherical equivalent of the patients.

Conclusions:

Data gathered using one variable and several fixed-parameter model eyes showed good correlation to predicted values for all of the aberrrometers with one exception. A significant difference was found in the measurement of one individual fixed model eye with one of the three aberrometers. The wavefront refraction provided by the Z-View correlated well with the results of manifest refraction. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:188–196.]
Optic Neuropathy After Epi-LASIK
Authors: Montezuma Sandra R. , Lessell Simmons , Pineda Roberto 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To report a case of optic neuropathy after epi-LASIK.

Methods:
A 24-year-old man developed optic neuropathy after epi-LASIK, possibly related to the barotrauma created by the suction ring. Optic neuropathy and steroid-induced ocular hypertension were diagnosed. Prednisolone drops were discontinued and timolol was started.

Results:
After 2 weeks, his symptoms improved and the pain resolved.

Conclusions:

Optic neuropathy is a potentially vision-threatening complication of epi-LASIK. Barotrauma from a transient increase in intraocular pressure created by the suction ring can be an important factor in this entity. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:204–208.]