bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commerce et emploi en Europe: le rôle des exportations de services «mode 5»
Authors: RUEDA‐CANTUCHE José M. , CERNAT Lucian , SOUSA Nuno 
Published: April 2019

RésuméDans l'UE, l'emploi lié aux exportations extracommunautaires de biens et de services a augmenté sensiblement ces dernières décennies, et la contribution à cet emploi des services incorporés dans des articles manufacturés s'est élevée. Pour mieux comprendre le phénomène, les auteurs procèdent à une décomposition systématique des flux commerciaux, en utilisant un modèle entrées‐sorties multirégional et des données de la base WIOD. L'analyse porte sur 40 pays et 35 branches d'activité, suivis de 1995 à 2011. Elle tend à remettre en question la classification en quatre modes de fourniture de services de l'Accord général sur le commerce des services, qui ne reflète plus la réalité actuelle.
Pour une science économique au service du droit au travail
Authors: BRANCO Manuel C. 
Published: April 2019

RésuméPour l'auteur, l'importance toute relative accordée au droit au travail, un principe pourtant consacré dès 1966 au niveau international, est le corollaire d'une doxa économique qui fait du travail un coût, de l'emploi un objectif de second rang, des individus des ressources, définies par leurs spécificités productives, et des droits des rigidités. Une économie fondée sur les droits de l'homme et protectrice du droit au travail doit défendre ce principe plus largement que par la seule lutte contre le chômage. Elle doit considérer le plein emploi comme une fin en soi et placer l'individu au centre.
Barreras comerciales y empleo en las cadenas mundiales de suministro
Authors: KÜHN Stefan , VIEGELAHN Christian 
Published: April 2019

ResumenA partir de estimaciones de la OIT del empleo en las cadenas mundiales de suministro, se estudia el impacto de las barreras al comercio de bienes y servicios sobre los empleos nacionales. El análisis empírico confirma las predicciones de un modelo teórico calibrado con datos de la WIOD para 2000 y 2011. Las barreras al comercio de bienes y servicios tienen un impacto transfronterizo sobre los empleos del sector directamente afectado y efectos indirectos sobre otros sectores que aumentan con el tiempo. La creciente interconexión entre países y sectores en las cadenas mundiales de suministro implica que las políticas comerciales pueden tener importantes efectos sobre los mercados de trabajo de otros países.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effectiveness of education on medication adherence for patients with hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes
Authors: Tan Jinhan Pamala , Cheng Karis Kin Fong , Siah Rosalind Chiew‐Jiat 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving medication adherence among adult patients diagnosed with hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and/or diabetes.DesignThis review was conducted with reference to methods set out in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42016053402).Data SourcesA search from seven electronic databases (2003–2016).Review MethodThe quality of evidence and strength of the studies was evaluated systematically, followed by an assessment of risks of bias by two reviewers with the Cochrane Collaboration's tool.ResultsEighteen randomized controlled trials demonstrated a low to moderate quality evidence on the improvements of medication adherence with educational interventions. Participants with type 2 diabetes benefited from education interventions but not those with hypertension. No randomized controlled trials (RCT) was found for participants with hyperlipidaemia. Education that was conducted at home showed better medication adherence than education conducted in clinics. Medication adherence was improved after two to three sessions but no significant differences found after three sessions.ConclusionThrough education, health literacy is improved, thus improving medication adherence.ImpactA plethora of educational interventions have been implemented in the clinical settings, but no reviews have hitherto been conducted on their effectiveness. This review suggested that education improves health literacy which is directly proportionate to optimal disease management including medication adherence. The suggestions proposed in this review may impact the individual in terms of their adherence to medication to tackle exacerbation and relapse of chronic diseases and also proposed suggestions for future implementation of an education intervention.
AMP‐activated protein kinase regulates cancer cell growth and metabolism via nuclear and mitochondria events
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Wang Yan , Luo Lingyu , Shi Fuli , Zou Junrong , Lin Hui , Ying Ying , Luo Yunfei , Zhan Zhan , Liu Peijun , Zhu Bo , Huang Deqiang , Luo Zhijun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAdenine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a fuel sensing enzyme that is activated in shortage of energy and inhibited in its surplus. Cancer is a metabolic disease characteristic of aerobic glycolysis, namely Warburg effect, and possesses heterogeneity featured by spatiotemporal hypoxia and normoxia, where AMPK is deeply implicated. The present study delineates the regulation of mitochondrial functions by AMPK in cancer cells. On the one hand, AMPKα subunit binds to mitochondria independently of β subunit and targeting AMPK to mitochondria facilitates oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation, and inhibits glycolysis. As such, mitochondrial AMPK inhibits the growth of cancer cells and tumorigenesis. On the other hand, ablation of the β subunits completely abolishes AMPK activity and simultaneously leads to decreases in mitochondria DNA and protein contents. The effect of the β deletion is rescued by overexpression of the active mutant of bulky AMPKα1 subunit. In conjunction, the transcriptional factors PGC1α and Nrf‐1 are up‐regulated by LKB1/AMPK, an event that is abolished in the absence of the β subunits. Intriguingly, the stimulation of mitochondria biogenesis is not achieved by mitochondria‐targeted AMPK. Therefore, our study suggests that AMPK inhibits cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis via regulation of mitochondria‐mediated metabolism.
Lack of social preference between unfamiliar and familiar juvenile Port Jackson sharksHeterodontus portusjacksoni
Authors: Vila Pouca Catarina , Brown Culum 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study investigated whether captive‐reared juvenile Port Jackson sharksHeterodontus portusjacksonichoose to aggregate and if familiarity is one of the mechanisms driving social preference. In a controlled binary‐choice experiment, juvenile sharks were given the option to associate or not with unfamiliar conspecifics, or to associate or not with familiar conspecifics. In neither group did juvenileH. portusjacksoniactively choose to associate with conspecifics, but familiarity decreased the proportion of time spent near a conspecific only during the initial phase of the experiment. Treatment (1 or 3 shoal mates), sex and size had no effect on aggregation behaviour. These findings suggest that familiarity is not a driver of social preferences in juvenileH. portusjacksoni, contrary to results in another shark species. Additionally, adultH. portusjacksoniform large aggregations during the breeding season and actively associate with familiar sex and size‐matched individuals, thus our results suggest the species undergoes an ontogenetic shift in social behaviour.
Thermal properties of fresh and dried cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) fruits determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine selected thermal properties of cranberries based on DSC and TGA curves, and to compare the properties of fresh cranberries, the dry matter of cranberries, cranberries processed by hot‐air convective drying (HACD) at 80°C, and cranberries processed by microwave‐vacuum drying (MWVD) at 150 W. Thermal analysis techniques can be used to determine the thermal stability of fruits and indicate the best temperature of processing, which can minimize the thermal‐oxidative damage, as well as extend the shelf life of fruits. Dry matter of cranberries was analyzed at −30°C to 500°C. The first endothermic peak was determined at −14.7°C, the last endothermic peak at 362.3°C. The area under the DSC curve was 874.8 J/g, and mass loss was 64.70%. The temperature of the first and last endothermic peak was determined at 4.8 and 84.6°C (fresh fruits), −10.6°C and 86.0°C (HACD), 2.0°C, and 84.5°C (MWVD), respectively. The area under the DSC curve was determined at 4970.0 J/g (fresh fruits), 525.1 J/g (HACD), and 518.5 J/g (MWVD), and mass loss reached 65.54% (fresh fruits), 1.84% (HACD), and 4.27% (MWVD).Practical applicationsThe results of this study expand our knowledge about the thermal properties of the dry matter of cranberries, fresh cranberries, cranberries processed by hot‐air convective drying (HACD) at 80°C and by microwave‐vacuum drying (MWVD) at 150 W. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) proved to be a useful technique for determining the temperature of endothermic phase transition peaks and the area under the DSC curve of cranberries. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) supported the determination of mass loss during the measurements. Processing of food products, including drying can change their thermophysical and chemical properties. These changes can affect the thermal stability of dried products, which can be seen in the course of DSC and TGA curves. In this study, the temperature, at which the phase transitions of cranberries occur, was indicated. On this basis, the optimal processing temperature can be selected to preserve the berries content. The best temperature of fruit processing can minimize the thermal‐oxidative damage and extend shelf life of cranberries. Similar thermal stability of cranberries dried by hot‐air convection (HACD) at 80°C, and fruits dried by microwave‐vacuum (MWVD) at 150 W was found. The obtained findings can be further expanded by calculating the specific heat of cranberries.
Importance and prior considerations for development and utilization of tea bags: A critical review
Authors: Bassi Pratishtha , Kumar Vikas , Kumar Satish , Kaur Sawinder , Gat Yogesh , Majid Ishrat 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe improvement of socio‐economic status have witnessed an increase in demand of tea bags with different attributes including consumer preferences, blended nutraceutical ingredients in small sachets, ease of handling, and profit to both consumers and producers. The share of tea bags is 3–4% to total tea sale in market and is the fastest growing segment with 50–60% growth per year in India. Type of raw material (tea, herbs alone or in combination) used for preparation of tea bags is the most crucial factor to affect their success in market, while some other factors which can affect the ultimate acceptability of tea bags by consumers includes diffusion rate, extraction efficiency, phyto‐chemical potential, loading size of the bag, and safety aspects. The prior considerations include important parameters like type of paper used, its pore size, shape, loading capacity, infusion rate, holding time, temperature, and so forth. Tea bag industry is highly regularized and bodies like FSSAI have floated some strict guidelines, which need to be followed while developing the tea bag (normal tea or flavored tea) besides the prior considerations.Practical applicationPresent review has been aimed to provide a critical overview of considerations as required for development of tea bags along with the future opportunities and potential thrust areas with the aim of effective and economic delivery to the consumers.
Mental health and behavioural problems in children with XXYY: a comparison with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Srinivasan R. , Wolstencroft J. , Erwood M. , Raymond F. L. , van den Bree M. , Hall J. , Skuse D. ,   IMAGINE ID Consortium
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe phenotype of children with XXYY has predominantly been defined by comparison to other sex chromosome aneuploidies trisomies affecting male children; however, the intellectual ability of children with XXYY is lower than children with other sex chromosome aneuploidies trisomies. It is not known to what extent the phenotype identified to date is specific to XXYY, rather than a reflection of lower IQ. This study evaluates the mental health and behaviour of children with XXYY, in comparison to children with intellectual disabilities of heterogeneous genetic origin.MethodsFifteen children with XXYY and 30 controls matched for age (4–14 years), sex and intellectual ability were ascertained from the IMAGINE ID study. IMAGINE ID participants have intellectual disabilities due to genetic anomalies confirmed by National Health Service Regional Genetic Centre laboratories. The mental health and behaviour of participants was examined with the Development and Well‐being Assessment and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ResultsChildren with XXYY experienced significantly more frequent and intense temper outbursts than the control group.ConclusionOur results suggest that temper outbursts may be specifically associated with the XXYY phenotype. These problems have a significant impact on the daily lives of boys with XXYY and their families. It is crucial to ensure that families are well supported to manage these difficulties.
Measurement of physical activity in clinical practice using accelerometers
Authors: Arvidsson D. , Fridolfsson J. , Börjesson M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccelerometers are commonly used in clinical and epidemiological research for more detailed measures of physical activity and to target the limitations of self‐report methods. Sensors are attached at the hip, wrist and thigh, and the acceleration data are processed and calibrated in different ways to determine activity intensity, body position and/or activity type. Simple linear modelling can be used to assess activity intensity from hip and thigh data, whilst more advanced machine‐learning modelling is to prefer for the wrist. The thigh position is most optimal to assess body position and activity type using machine‐learning modelling. Frequency filtering and measurement resolution needs to be considered for correct assessment of activity intensity. Simple physical activity measures and statistical methods are mostly used to investigate relationship with health, but do not take advantage of all information provided by accelerometers and do not consider all components of the physical activity behaviour and their interrelationships. More advanced statistical methods are suggested that analyse patterns of multiple measures of physical activity to demonstrate stronger and more specific relationships with health. However, evaluations of accelerometer methods show considerable measurement errors, especially at individual level, which interferes with their use in clinical research and practice. Therefore, better objective methods are needed with improved data processing and calibration techniques, exploring both simple linear and machine‐learning alternatives. Development and implementation of accelerometer methods into clinical research and practice requires interdisciplinary collaboration to cover all aspects contributing to useful and accurate measures of physical activity behaviours related to health.
Alpha-linolenic acid ameliorates bronchial asthma features in ovalbumin-sensitized rats
Authors: Boskabady Mohammad Hossein , Kaveh Mahsa , Shakeri Farzaneh , Mohammadian Roshan Nama , Rezaee Ramin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced inflammation, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and pathological features was examined in rat.

Methods
Total and differential WBC count and oxidant/antioxidant levels in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) as well as lung pathological features were investigated in five groups of rats including controls (group C), rats sensitized with OVA (group S) and S treated with either ALA (0.2 and 0.4 mg/ml) or dexamethasone.

Key findings
As compared to group C, in OVA-sensitized rats, increases in WBC counts, levels of oxidant biomarkers and most pathological scores were observed while lymphocyte percentage and antioxidants levels decreased. Treatment with ALA (0.2 and 0.4 mg/ml) significantly reduced total WBC, NO2 and NO3 levels, interstitial fibrosis and emphysema compared to sensitized group. The higher dose of ALA also significantly decreased neutrophil, eosinophil, and monocyte counts, MDA levels and interstitial inflammation but increased lymphocyte counts, as well as antioxidants levels, compared to sensitized group. Dexamethasone administration led to a significant improvement of most factors compared to group S but had no effects on total WBC count, bleeding and epithelial damage.

Conclusions
Alpha-linolenic acid suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress, making it a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of airway inflammatory diseases such as bronchial asthma.
l‐carnitine and fat type in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation modify the fatty acid composition and expression of lipid metabolism‐related genes in piglets
Authors: Shi Baoming , Zhao Xuan , Wang Chuanqi , Wang Na , Tian Meili , Shan Anshan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study examined the influence of adding different amounts of maternal dietary l‐carnitine and two fat types on fatty acid (FA) composition and the expression of lipid metabolism‐related genes in piglets. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 factorial with two fat types (3.5% soyabean oil, SO, and 3.5% fish oil, FO) and two levels of l‐carnitine (0 and 100 mg/kg) added to the sows' diets. A higher proportion of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and a lower ratio of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA in sow milk and piglet tissues were observed in the FO groups than in the SO groups. Adding l‐carnitine increased the proportion of C16:1 in sow milk and decreased n‐3 PUFA in piglet subcutaneous fat. Hepatic peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPAR‐α) was more abundantly expressed in piglets from the FO groups than from the SO groups (p < 0.05), whereas stearoyl‐CoA‐desaturase (SCD), sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1 (SREBP1) and ∆6‐desaturase (D6D) genes were less expressed in the FO groups compared with piglets from the SO groups. The expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes was decreased in the SO groups with l‐carnitine compared to that of the other dietary treatments. No differences among dietary treatments were observed with regard to the expression of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC). In conclusion, FO and l‐carnitine supplementation in sows affect FA composition and hepatic gene expression in piglets.
The immediate effects of weaning stress on the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal alteration of newly weaned piglets
Authors: Yu Chien‐Ho , Chen Ching‐Yi , Chang Chih‐Cheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the effects of weaning stress on gene expression of specific markers in hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and neuronal activity in the newly weaned piglets. Twelve 28‐days‐old, newly weaned crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) male piglets from 6 l (2 piglets/l) were randomly categorized into two groups: (a) weaning stress: piglets were separated from their dams, relocated and mixed with the unacquainted domestic piglets for 2 hr (stress, n = 6); (b) no‐stress: piglets stayed with their dams in the farrowing house (NS; n = 6). After weaning stress, all piglets were electrically euthanized and the blood samples/HPA tissues were collected for subsequent analysis, including plasma cortisol and mRNA expression of c‐fos, c‐jun, corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH), CRH receptor 1 (CRHR‐1) and adrenocorticotropin hormone receptor (MC2R). Results: Weaning stress significantly (p < 0.05) increased the plasma cortisol level and suppressed the expression of c‐fos and CRH in hypothalamus. In addition, weaning stress enhanced the mRNA abundance of c‐jun and CRHR‐1 in the pituitary gland. No significant differences in the gene expression of MC2R and CRHR‐1 were observed in the adrenal gland between treatment groups. Taken together, HPA involved in weaning stress and CRHR‐1 and c‐jun could be potential markers to evaluate the activation of HPA axis.
Expansion history and environmental suitability shape effective population size in a plant invasion
Authors: Braasch Joseph , Barker Brittany S. , Dlugosch Katrina M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe margins of an expanding range are predicted to be challenging environments for adaptation. Marginal populations should often experience low effective population sizes (Ne) where genetic drift is high due to demographic expansion and/or census population size is low due to unfavourable environmental conditions. Nevertheless, invasive species demonstrate increasing evidence of rapid evolution and potential adaptation to novel environments encountered during colonization, calling into question whether significant reductions in Ne are realized during range expansions in nature. Here we report one of the first empirical tests of the joint effects of expansion dynamics and environment on effective population size variation during invasive range expansion. We estimate contemporary values of Ne using rates of linkage disequilibrium among genome‐wide markers within introduced populations of the highly invasive plant Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) in North America (California, USA), and within native Eurasian populations. As predicted, we find that Ne within the invaded range is positively correlated with both expansion history (time since founding) and habitat quality (abiotic climate). History and climate had independent additive effects with similar effect sizes, indicating an important role for both factors in this invasion. These results support theoretical expectations for the population genetics of range expansion, though whether these processes can ultimately arrest the spread of an invasive species remains an unanswered question.