bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive Dosing of Organic Substrates for Nitrate‐Removing Bioreactors Applied in Field Margins
Authors: Jansen Stefan , Stuurman Roelof , Chardon Wim , Ball Sheila , Rozemeijer Joachim , Gerritse Jan 
Published: February 2019

Denitrifying bioreactors are dependent on organic matter supply as a substrate for effective NO3 removal. In this study, the difference in removal efficiency and side effects when using different organic matter sources and dosing strategies was tested in two field experiments. The organic matter sources tested were woodchips and ethanol. The effect of woodchips was tested using woodchip‐enveloped drains. Ethanol was supplied to a flow‐through reactor by passive dosing by diffusion through silicone tubing. The woodchip‐enveloped drains showed a removal efficiency of 80% during the first year of application, but this rate decreased during the second and third years of application, coinciding with a decrease in dissolved organic C and an increase in redox potential. The removal efficiency was higher and remained higher over a longer period of time when the drains were installed more deeply. The flow‐through reactor with ethanol could lead to a higher removal efficiency (up to 95%) at higher hydraulic retention time (HRT, 0.1 d) than the woodchip‐enveloped drains (HRT = 5 d). Passive dosing of organic substrates is simple, needs little maintenance and no energy, and can be performed independent of electricity. A denitrifying bioreactor with a controlled drainage inlet and outlet is a promising setup for optimizing N removal and minimizing side effects.Core Ideas
Stimulation of denitrification with passive dosing of electron donors was investigated.
The effects of woodchips and ethanol were tested.
Removal efficiencies and side effects varied for different electron donors.
Passive dosing can be an effective and simple way to stimulate N removal.
Effectiveness and side effects can be optimized by using proper design.
Phosphorous Retention and Release by Sludge‐Derived Hydrochar for Potential Use as a Soil Amendment
Authors: Fei Ying‐heng , Zhao Dan , Cao Yadong , Huot Hermine , Tang Ye‐tao , Zhang Hongguo , Xiao Tangfu 
Published: February 2019

To solve both the problems of P deficiency in arable soil and excessive waste sludge disposal, we evaluated hydrothermal carbonization of sludge with the aim of recycling sludge P resources for soil amendment. In contrast with pyrochars obtained through pyrolysis, hydrochars generated from hydrothermal carbonization often feature variable properties and therefore require detailed characterization. In this study, sludge‐derived hydrochars were evaluated to determine their P content and fractionation, release and availability of P, and P adsorption and desorption behavior. We also assessed changes in P availability after soil was amended with the hydrochars. Our results showed that the chars were rich in total P (up to 25,175 mg kg−1), but most of the free fractions were transformed to bound fractions, thereby reducing the available P concentrations. However, available P content was >417 mg kg−1, which was far higher than soil demand. The hydrochars shifted from releasing to adsorbing P adsorbent when the environmental P concentration increased above 20 mg L−1. The hydrochars showed a high phosphate adsorption capacity (up to 23,815 mg kg−1) and the adsorbed P could be readily released. The addition of 1% P‐laden hydrochar significantly enhanced the soil available P content by 8.93 mg kg−1. These findings have important implications for further development of hydrochar‐based P carriers as a slow‐releasing fertilizer.Core Ideas
Charring transformed P from readily available fractions to moderately available ones.
Sludge‐derived hydrochars showed the best performance in long‐term P release.
Sludge‐derived hydrochars had better P retention capacity than their feedstock.
Applying the sludge‐derived hydrochar improved the available P content of soil.
O Serviço de Assistência São José Operário
Authors: Cardoso Fernanda Luísa De Miranda , Martínez Silvia Alicia 
Published: February 2019

Este artigo visa elucidar o percurso e o significado social do Serviço de Assistência São José Operário, dentro de um contexto de interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro, desde a sua fundação, em 1956, até 1963, quando implantou um educandário para cegos. Idealizado pela filha de um proprietário de duas usinas de açúcar de Campos dos Goytacazes, em conjunto com algumas mulheres da elite local, o Serviço de Assistência aglutinou as práticas da filantropia, da caridade cristã e das subvenções do poder público. Destacam-se as contribuições teóricas de Magalhães (1998), em relação à pesquisa de instituições educativas. Metodologicamente, prioriza-se a técnica da triangulação das fontes, por meio dos documentos do arquivo histórico da instituição, de depoimentos orais e da imprensa jornalística. Identificou-se uma rede de sociabilidade composta por: Estado, indústria do açúcar, alta sociedade campista, elite feminina, igreja católica e clubes de serviço.
Palavras-chave: Instituições assistenciais; História da educação; Educação Especial; Educação para cegos.
Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs: The Holy Grail in Pharma Industry
Authors: Rashid Mamunur , Malik Mohd Yaseen , Singh Sandeep K. , Chaturvedi Swati , Gayen Jiaur R , Wahajuddin Muhammad 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Bioavailability, one of the prime pharmacokinetic properties of a drug, is defined as the
fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is used to describe
the systemic availability of a drug. Bioavailability assessment is imperative in order to demonstrate whether the
drug attains the desirable systemic exposure for effective therapy. In recent years, bioavailability has become
the subject of importance in drug discovery and development studies.

Methods:
A systematic literature review in the field of bioavailability and the approaches towards its enhancement
have been comprehensively done, purely focusing upon recent papers. The data mining was performed
using databases like PubMed, Science Direct and general Google searches and the collected data was exhaustively
studied and summarized in a generalized manner.

Results:
The main prospect of this review was to generate a comprehensive one-stop summary of the numerous
available approaches and their pharmaceutical applications in improving the stability concerns, physicochemical
and mechanical properties of the poorly water-soluble drugs which directly or indirectly augment their bioavailability.

Conclusion:
The use of novel methods, including but not limited to, nano-based formulations, bio-enhancers,
solid dispersions, lipid-and polymer-based formulations which provide a wide range of applications not only
increases the solubility and permeability of the poorly bioavailable drugs but also improves their stability, and
targeting efficacy. Although, these methods have drastically changed the pharmaceutical industry demand for the
newer potential methods with better outcomes in the field of pharmaceutical science to formulate various dosage
forms with adequate systemic availability and improved patient compliance, further research is required.
Basilar Apex Aneurysms in the Setting of Carotid Artery Stenosis: Case Series and Angiographic Anatomic Study
Authors: Rosenbaum Mihael D. , Heiferman Daniel M. , Raslan Osama A. , Martin Brendan , Dominguez Jose F. , de la Peña Paula M. , Ashley William W. , Rosenblum Jordan D. , Germanwala Anand V. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are life-threatening lesions known within the
literature to be found incidentally during routine angiographic workup for carotid artery stenosis
(CAS). As IAs are associated with vascular shear stress, it is reasonable to expect that altered flow
demands within the anterior circulation, such as with CAS, increase compensatory flow demands
via the Circle of Willis (COW) and may induce similar stress at the basilar apex.

Objective:
We present a series of nine unruptured basilar apex aneurysms (BAA) with CAS and a
comparative radiographic analysis to BAA without CAS.

Methods:
Twenty-three patients with BAA were retrospectively identified using records from
2011 to 2016. CAS by North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET)
criteria, morphology of BAA, competency of COW, and anatomic relationships within the posterior
circulation were examined independently by a neuroradiologist using angiographic imaging.

Results:
Nine (39%) of the twenty-three BAA patients had CAS, with six having stenosis ≥50%.
Four (67%) of the patients with ≥50% CAS demonstrated aneurysm flow angles contralateral to
the side with highest CAS. Additionally, the angle between the basilar artery (BA) trajectory and
aneurysm neck was observed to be smaller in patients with ≥50% CAS (61 vs 74 degrees). No significant
differences in COW patency, posterior circulation morphology, and degree of stenosis
were observed.

Conclusion:
Changes in the cervical carotid arteries may lead to blood flow alterations in the posterior
circulation that increase the propensity for BAA formation. Posterior circulation imaging can
be considered in CAS patients to screen for BAA.
Changes in Cognition, Depression and Quality of Life after Carotid Stenosis Treatment
Authors: Pucite Elina , Krievina Ildze , Miglane Evija , Erts Renars , Krievins Dainis , Millers Andrejs 
Published: February 2019

Background:Although several studies have evaluated the change of cognitive performance after severe carotid artery stenosis, the results still remain elusive. The objective of this study was to assess changes in cognitive function, depressive symptoms and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) after carotid stenosis revascularisation and Best Medical Treatment (BMT).Methods:Study involved 213 patients with ≥70% carotid stenosis who underwent assessment of cognitive function using Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA), depressive symptoms - using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and HRQoL - using Medical Outcome Survey Short Form version 2 (SF-36v2). The assessment was performed before and at 6 and 12 months followup periods in patients who had Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA), Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) or received BMT only.Results:Improvement in the total MoCA scores was observed after 6 and 12 months (p<0.001, Kendall's W=0.28) in the CEA group. In the CAS group - after 12 months (p=0.01, Kendall's W=0.261) whereas in the BMT group - no significant changes (p=0.295, Kendall's W=0.081) were observed. Reduction of depressive symptoms was not found in any of the study groups. Comparing mean SF-36v2 scores in the CEA group, there was no significant difference in any of 10 subscales. Likewise in the CAS group - no significant difference in 9 of 10 subscales (p=0.028, η2=0.343) was observed. Three subscales worsened in the BMT group during the 1-year follow-up period.Conclusion:Patients with severe carotid stenosis who underwent revascularisation enhanced their cognitive performance without exerting significant change of depressive symptoms. Preoperative HRQoL may be maintained for at least one year in the CEA group.
Alanine Aminotransferase Predicts Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Zheng Jianfeng , Xu Rui , Guo Zongduo , Sun Xiaochuan 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
With the aging of the world population, the number of elderly patients suffering
from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is gradually growing. We aim to investigate
the potential association between plasma ALT level and clinical complications of elderly
aSAH patients, and explore its predictive value for clinical outcomes of elderly aSAH patients.

Methods:
Between January 2013 and March 2018, 152 elderly aSAH patients were analyzed in
this study. Clinical information, imaging findings and laboratory data were reviewed. According to
the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), clinical outcomes at 3 months were classified into favorable
outcomes (GOS 4-5) and poor outcomes (GOS 1-3). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess
the indicators associated with poor outcomes, and receiver curves (ROC) and corresponding
area under the curve (AUC) were used to detect the accuracy of the indicator.

Results:
A total of 48 (31.6 %) elderly patients with aSAH had poor outcome at 3 months. In addition
to ICH, IVH, Hunt-Hess 4 or 5 Grade and Modified Fisher 3 or 4 Grade, plasma ALT level
was also strongly associated with poor outcome of elderly aSAH patients. After adjusting for other
covariates, plasma ALT level remained independently associated with pulmonary infection (OR
1.05; 95% CI 1.00–1.09; P = 0.018), cardiac complications (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01–1.08; P =
0.014) and urinary infection (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00–1.08; P = 0.032). Besides, plasma ALT level
had a predictive ability in the occurrence of systemic complications (AUC 0.676; 95% CI: 0.586–
0.766; P<0.001) and poor outcome (AUC 0.689; 95% CI: 0.605–0.773; P<0.001) in elderly aSAH
patients.

Conclusion:
Plasma ALT level of elderly patients with aSAH was significantly associated with
systemic complications, and had additional clinical value in predicting outcomes. Given that
plasma ALT levels on admission could help to identify high-risk elderly patients with aSAH, these
findings are of clinical relevance.
Synthesis and In silico Studies of N-acylhydrazone Derivatives as hnRNP K Ligands with Potential Anti-cancer Activity
Authors: Souza Wanderson C. , Dias Lucas D. , de Queiroz Jaqueline E. , Vidal Hérika D.A. , da Silva Vinícius B. , Leopoldino Andréia M. , de Paula da Silva Carlos H.T. , Verde Giuliana M.V. , Aquino Gilberto L.B. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
A green and efficient synthetic methodology for a wide family of Nacylhydrazones
(yields: 42-76%) using microwave irradiation is described, as well as their full characterization.
Their potential antineoplastic activity was evaluated in vitro via EMSA by testing protein-
DNA interactions. Among the 11 compounds tested, N-acylhydrazone derivative 5 bearing a hydroxyl
group, showed the highest affinity to bind and inhibit the hnRNP K KH3 domain. Docking simulations
of compound 5 showed three possible modes of interaction between the KH3 domain of hnRNP K protein
and compound predict.

:
The N-acylhydrazones are knows as powerful chemical entities for Medicinal Chemistry, since it has
been identified in a huge number of hit and lead compounds that act on various types of molecular targets,
including in tumorigenesis processes.

Objective:
We evaluated their potential ability to inhibit the KH3 domain of the hnRNP K protein binding
to single stranded DNA (ssDNA). Furthermore, a docking simulation was performed for the newly
synthetized compounds to evaluate their interactions between proteins and N-acylhydrazine derivative.

Methods:
The N-acylhydrazone derivatives were synthetized through three reaction steps, from a simple
and commercial substrate, using microwave irradiation as a green energy source. The N-acylhydrazone
derivatives ability to bind with the hnRNP K protein was evaluated via EMSA by testing protein-DNA
interactions. The docking simulations were performed in a Gold 5.2.2 software using 100 conformers,
10.000 operations, 95 mutations and 95 crossovers.

Results:
Eleven new N-acylhydrazone derivatives were synthetized using microwave showing yields
between 42% and 76%. Among the eleven compounds tested, compound 5 was shown to be most
capable to prevent the natural binding of hnRNP K protein to the oligonucleotide. Regarding the docking
simulation, compound 5 can bind to the main binding residues of KH3 domain and compete with the
natural ligand ssDNA of this protein.

Conclusion:
A green and efficient synthetic methodology for a wide family of N-acylhydrazones
(yields: 42-76%) using microwave irradiation is described, as well as their full characterization. Their
potential antineoplastic activity was evaluated in vitro via EMSA by testing protein-DNA interactions.
Among the 11 compounds tested, N-acylhydrazone derivative 5 bearing a hydroxyl group, showed the
highest affinity to bind and inhibit the hnRNP K KH3 domain. Docking simulations of compound 5
showed three possible modes of interaction between the KH3 domain of hnRNP K protein and compound
predict.
In Silico Computations of Selective Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors Against Major Biological Targets of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Akhtar Ammara , Amir Anam , Hussain Waqar , Ghaffar Abdul , Rasool Nouman 
Published: February 2019

Background::
In the past few years, several developments have been made to understand and
control the complications and harmful side-effects associated with the disorder diabetes mellitus (DM).
Many new steps have been taken in a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. With the
advancement in the field of medical sciences, various novel therapies have been developed to efficiently
control the pathological effects of diabetes mellitus. Recently, phytochemicals possessing various medicinal
properties have opened up a new vast range of opportunities to design novel therapeutic drugs against
diabetes mellitus.

Objective::
The present study aims to identify and screen phytochemicals as potent and novel inhibitors
against diabetes mellitus.

Methods: :
Three major biological targets of diabetes mellitus named Cytochrome P450, glycogen synthase
kinase and PPARγ are targeted using phytochemicals by performing pharmacological properties prediction,
molecular docking and density functional theory studies.

Results: :
Out of 108 phytochemicals, 20, 12 and 3 phytochemicals showed higher binding affinity values as
compared to chemically synthesized drugs against cytochrome P450, glycogen synthase kinase and PPARγ,
respectively.

Conclusion: :
The screened phytochemicals have strong inhibitory potential against diabetes mellitus and in
future, these compounds, holding immense potential, can be considered as candidate drugs for treating diabetes
mellitus.
Trials Comparing Percutaneous And Surgical Myocardial Revascularization: A Review
Authors: De Palo Micaela , Quagliara Teresa , Dachille Annamaria , Carrozzo Alessandro , Giardinelli Francesco , Mureddu Simone , Mastro Florinda , Rotunno Crescenzia , Paparella Domenico 
Published: February 2019

Introduction:Ischemic heart diseases are the major leading cause of death worldwide. Revascularization procedures dramatically reduced the overall risk for death related to acute coronary syndromes. Two kinds of myocardial revascularization can grossly be outlined: percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and surgical coronary artery bypass graft intervention (CABG). The net clinical benefit coming from these two kinds of procedures is still under debate.Methods:We have traced the state-of-the-art background about myocardial revascularization procedures by comparing the most important trials dealing with the evaluation of percutaneous interventions versus a surgical approach to coronary artery diseases.Results:Both PCI and CABG have become effective treatments for revascularization of patients suffering from advanced CAD. The advance in technology and procedural techniques made PCI an attractive and, to some extent, more reliable procedure in the context of CAD. However, there are still patients that cannot undergo PCI and have to be rather directed towards CABG.Conclusion:CABG still remains the best strategy for the treatment of multiple vessel CAD due to improved results in term of survival and freedom from reintervention. Anyway, a systematic, multidisciplinary approach to revascularization is the fundamental behaviour to be chased in order to effectively help the patients in overcoming its diseases. The creation of the “heart team” seems to be a good option for the correct treatment of patients suffering from stable and unstable CAD.
Laparoscopic Incisional and Ventral Hernia Repair with Absorbable Tacks in a Long Term Follow-up: A Retrospective Control Study
Authors: Zanella Simone , Lauro Enrico , Franceschi Francesco , Buccelletti Francesco , Potenza Annalisa , Zanoni Andrea , Scudo Giovanni , Bonadies Enzo , De Bellis Mario , Ricci Francesco , Vassiliadis Antonios 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Laparoscopic Incisional and Ventral Hernia Repair (LIVHR) is a safe and
worldwide accepted procedure performed using absorbable tacks. The aim of the study was to evaluate
recurrence rate in a long term follow-up and whether the results of laparoscopic IVH repair in the
elderly (≥65 years old) are different with respect to results obtained in younger patients.

Methods:
One hundred and twenty-nine consecutive patients (74 women and 55 men, median age 67
years, range = 30-87 years) with ventral (N = 42, 32.5%) or post incisional (N = 87, 67.5%) hernia
were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to their age: group A (N
= 55, 42.6%) aged <65 years and group B (N = 74, 57.4%) aged ≥65 years.

Results:
The mean operative time was not significantly different between groups (66.7 ± 37 vs. 74 ±
48.4 min, p = 0.4). To the end of 2016, seven recurrences had occurred (group A = 3, group B = 4, p
= 1). Complications occurred in 8 (16%) patients in group A and 21 (28.3%) patients in group B.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our results confirm that the use of absorbable tacks does not increase recurrence
frequency and laparoscopic incisional and ventral repair is a safety procedure also in elderly
patients.
PlncRNADB: A Repository of Plant lncRNAs and lncRNA-RBP Protein Interactions
Authors: Bai Youhuang , Dai Xiaozhuan , Ye Tiantian , Zhang Peijing , Yan Xu , Gong Xiaonan , Liang Siliang , Chen Ming 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs, arbitrarily
longer than 200 nucleotides, that play critical roles in diverse biological processes.
LncRNAs exist in different genomes ranging from animals to plants.

Objective:
PlncRNADB is a searchable database of lncRNA sequences and annotation in plants.

Methods:
We built a pipeline for lncRNA prediction in plants, providing a convenient utility for
users to quickly distinguish potential noncoding RNAs from protein-coding transcripts.

Results:
More than five thousand lncRNAs are collected from four plant species (Arabidopsis thaliana,
Arabidopsis lyrata, Populus trichocarpa and Zea mays) in PlncRNADB. Moreover, our database
provides the relationship between lncRNAs and various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs),
which can be displayed through a user-friendly web interface.

Conclusion:
PlncRNADB can serve as a reference database to investigate the lncRNAs and their
interaction with RNA-binding proteins in plants. The PlncRNADB is freely available at
http://bis.zju.edu.cn/PlncRNADB/.