bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of an invasive plant on denitrification in an urban wetland
Authors: Roley Sarah S. , Tank Jennifer L. , Grace Michael R. , Cook Perran L.M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Wetlands are often biogeochemical hotspots, and they can remove excess N via denitrification and assimilatory uptake. Wetlands are also susceptible to plant invasions, but the effect of invasive plants on denitrification in freshwater wetland sediments is not well‐studied.

Two distinct mechanisms suggest the potential for invasive plants to alter denitrification. First, invasive plants often produce more biomass than non‐invasive species, thus potentially providing additional carbon (C) for denitrifiers. Second, some invasive wetland plants funnel more oxygen into the root zone than non‐invasive plants, potentially stimulating coupled nitrification–denitrification.

Using the push–pull isotope pairing technique, we measured denitrification and coupled nitrification–denitrification in the sediments beneath monoculture plots of Phragmites australis and Typha domingensis, and beneath unvegetated sediments, in an urban wetland in Melbourne, Australia. We also measured pore water nutrient concentrations and calculated the diffusive flux of nutrients from the sediments into the overlying water column.

We hypothesised that plots containing P. australis would have the highest denitrification and coupled nitrification–denitrification rates, followed by plots containing T. domingensis, with the lowest rates in the unvegetated plots, as a result of higher C and oxygen availability.

Instead, we found that denitrification and coupled nitrification–denitrification rates were highly variable, with no difference among plot type. However, we did find that diffusive flux of ammonium from the sediments into the water column was lower in the vegetated plots than in the unvegetated plots, suggesting that vegetation enhances wetland N retention via plant assimilatory uptake.
Simulating bimodal tall fescue growth with a degree‐day‐based process‐oriented plant model
Authors: Kiniry J. R. , Kim S. , Williams A. S. , Lock T. R. , Kallenbach R. L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPlant growth simulation models have a temperature response function driving development, with a base temperature and an optimum temperature defined. Such models function well when plant development rate shows a continuous change throughout the growing season. This approach becomes more complex as it is extended to cool‐season perennial grasses with a dormant period and bimodal growth curves. The objective of this study was to develop such a bimodal growth model for tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort) in the Midwest USA based on multiyear measurement trials. Functions for bimodal growth were incorporated into the ALMANAC model and applied to tall fescue using published tall fescue yields for a variety of sites and soils. Fields of cultivars “Kentucky 31” and “BarOptima Plus E34” were divided into paddocks and sampled weekly for dry‐matter accumulation. These biomass estimates were used to derive weekly growth values by differences between sequential weekly samplings. The measured values were compared to a single tall fescue simulation each year on one soil. Using these results, the ALMANAC model was modified and tested against mean reported tall fescue yields for 11 sites, with one to three soils per site. When we introduced midsummer dormancy into ALMANAC, we assumed dormancy began on the longest day of the year and lasted until the photoperiod was 0.68 hr shorter than the longest. ALMANAC simulated previously reported tall fescue yields well across the range of sites. Thus, ALMANAC shows great promise to simulate bimodal growth in this common cool‐season grass.
Imatinib‐induced diffuse hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa, the skin, and the nails in a patient affected by chronic myeloid leukemia: report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Di Tullio Francesca , Mandel Victor D. , Scotti Rosa , Padalino Claudia , Pellacani Giovanni 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundImatinib mesylate is a tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor used as the first‐line treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia patients, but it is also indicated for other hematological diseases and solid tumors. Imatinib treatment is often associated with hypopigmentation, but only a few cases of hyperpigmentation are described in literature.MethodsWe are reporting the first case of imatinib‐related hyperpigmentation involving the oral mucosa, skin, and nails in a patient affected by chronic myeloid leukemia and treated with imatinib since 2002. A review of all the available literature regarding the imatinib‐related hyperpigmentation was performed, and one additional case was analyzed. Due to the possibility of a post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation, all cases of pigmentary changes previously characterized by a rash and/or pruritus in the same body areas were excluded.ResultsThirty cases of well‐documented imatinib‐related hyperpigmentation were described in literature. In our case, imatinib therapy was well tolerated for several years, and it led to an excellent hematological and cytogenetic response. However, the patient gradually developed a blue‐gray pigmentation that involved the nose, fingernails, toenails, pretibial regions, posterior axillary folds, and hard palate. Other causes of pigmentary changes were excluded, and histopathological examination confirmed the clinical suspicion of imatinib‐related hyperpigmentation.ConclusionsHyperpigmentation induced by imatinib is an adverse reaction rarely described in literature. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are not yet completely clear, and further studies are necessary to elucidate them. Currently, no treatment is required for this condition, and there is no indication to discontinue imatinib treatment.
Inequality‐averse well‐being measurement
Authors: Fleurbaey Marc , Maniquet François 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe construct individual well‐being measures that respect individual preferences and depend on the bundles of goods consumed by the individual. Building on previous work in which general families of well‐being measures are identified, we introduce basic transfer principles that apply either to bundles or directly to indifference sets, and we characterize specific well‐being measures that involve either the ray utility or the money‐metric utility.
On the Three Kinds of Resurrection of the Dead
Authors: Harris Steven Edward 
Published: February 2018

AbstractResurrection has been defined, in modern theology, with almost sole reference to Jesus Christ. The future resurrection of all Christians is, rightly, understood in light of his own rising from the dead. Yet Scripture witnesses to another, third kind of resurrection that is regularly dismissed by theologians as insignificant: that of particular individuals in the Old and New Testaments. This article retrieves a sense of this third kind of resurrection as ‘types’ or ‘signs’ of Christ's and the future resurrection through interaction with premodern exegesis and theology. In so doing, it demonstrates the abiding theological significance of these events for understanding the resurrection of the dead.
Reformed and Radically Orthodox?: Participatory Metaphysics, Reformed Scholasticism and Radical Orthodoxy's Critique of Modernity
Authors: Michelson Jared 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRadical Orthodoxy locates the intellectual roots of secular modernity in the attenuation of Thomistic participatory metaphysics in the late medieval period. John Milbank implicates Reformational theologies in this unintentionally secularizing movement. I examine seventeenth‐century Reformed scholastic Stephen Charnock, contending that he articulates an account of participatory metaphysics similar to Thomas Aquinas, and even further, fails to exhibit the negative trends which Milbank and Catherine Pickstock associate with Scotus and the via moderna. This analysis of Charnock calls into question the location of Reformed theology in Radical Orthodoxy's genealogy of secular modernity, and opens up possibilities for rapprochement between Reformed theology and Radical Orthodoxy.
Facile synthesis of amorphous Cr2O3/N‐doped carbon nanosheets and its excellent lithium storage property
Authors: Zhang Deyin , Qin Mingli , Huang Min , Wu Haoyang , Jia Baorui , Liu Zhiwei , Liu Tingting , Qu Xuanhui , Cao Peng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Cr2O3 with high‐energy density and relatively low lithium insertion potential is a promising anode candidate for LIBs. However, the intrinsic poor electroconductivity and side effects like volume expansion of Cr2O3 severely limit its capacity and cyclability at high charge/discharge rates. To address the problem, the amorphous Cr2O3/N‐doped carbon nanosheets (denoted as a‐Cr2O3/NC) have been designed and prepared by an easy one‐step solution combustion synthesis method from a uniform solution of chromium nitrate, glucose, and glycine. The as‐synthesized a‐Cr2O3/NC consist of amorphous Cr2O3 particles and N‐doped carbon sheet, where the amorphous Cr2O3 is evenly encapsulated in the carbon sheet support. An anode prepared from the synthesized a‐Cr2O3/NC demonstrates much higher specific capacity and better cycling performance than the crystalline Cr2O3 anode. Upon extended cycling, the a‐Cr2O3/NC anode exhibits good long‐term stability and its reversible capacity retains as high as 782.4 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1. Such good performance stems from its unique structure. The amorphous structure of Cr2O3 can furnish a mass of enterable active sites which can favor the lithium ions insertion/extraction, whereas the sheet‐like N‐doped carbon support can increase the electroconductivity and facilitate the transportation of lithium ions and electrons.
Digging their own macroevolutionary grave: fossoriality as an evolutionary dead end in snakes
Authors: Cyriac V. P. , Kodandaramaiah U. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe tree of life is highly asymmetrical in its clade wise species richness, and this has often been attributed to variation in diversification rates either across time or lineages. Variations across lineages are usually associated with traits that increase lineage diversification. Certain traits can also hinder diversification by increasing extinction, and such traits are called evolutionary dead ends. Ecological specialization has usually been considered as an evolutionary dead end. However, recent analyses of specializations along single axes have provided mixed support for this model. Here, we test if fossoriality, a trait that forces specialization at multiple axes, acts as an evolutionary dead end in squamates (lizards and snakes) using recently developed phylogenetic comparative methods. We show that fossoriality is an evolutionary dead end in snakes but not in lizards. Fossorial snakes exhibit reduced speciation and increased extinction compared to nonfossorial snakes. Our analysis also indicates that transition rates from fossoriality to nonfossoriality in snakes are significantly lower than transition rates from nonfossoriality to fossoriality. Overall our results suggest that broad‐scale ecological interactions that lead to specialization at multiple axes limit diversification.
Fitness variation among host species and the paradox of ineffective rhizobia
Authors: Pahua V. J. , Stokes P. J. N. , Hollowell A. C. , Regus J. U. , Gano‐Cohen K. A. , Wendlandt C. E. , Quides K. W. , Lyu J. Y. , Sachs J. L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLegumes can preferentially select beneficial rhizobial symbionts and sanction ineffective strains that fail to fix nitrogen. Yet paradoxically, rhizobial populations vary from highly beneficial to ineffective in natural and agricultural soils. Classic models of symbiosis focus on the single dimension of symbiont cost‐benefit to sympatric hosts, but fail to explain the widespread persistence of ineffective rhizobia. Here, we test a novel framework predicting that spatio‐temporal and community dynamics can maintain ineffective strains in rhizobial populations. We used clonal and multistrain inoculations and quantitative culturing to investigate the relative fitness of four focal Bradyrhizobium strains varying from effective to ineffective on Acmispon strigosus. We found that an ineffective Bradyrhizobium strain can be sanctioned by its native A. strigosus host across the host's range, forming fewer and smaller nodules compared to beneficial strains. But the same ineffective Bradyrhizobium strain exhibits a nearly opposite pattern on the broadly sympatric host Acmispon wrangelianus, forming large nodules in both clonal and multistrain inoculations. These data suggest that community‐level effects could favour the persistence of ineffective rhizobia and contribute to variation in symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Intrageneric Variability Between the Chloroplast Genomes of Trachelomonas grandis and Trachelomonas volvocina and Phylogenomic Analysis of Phototrophic Euglenoids
Authors: Dabbagh Nadja , Preisfeld Angelika 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe latest studies of chloroplast genomes of phototrophic euglenoids yielded different results according to intrageneric variability such as cluster arrangement or diversity of introns. Although the genera Euglena and Monomorphina in those studies show high syntenic arrangements at the intrageneric level, the two investigated Eutreptiella species comprise low synteny. Furthermore Trachelomonas volvocina show low synteny to the chloroplast genomes of the sister genera Monomorphina aenigmatica, M. parapyrum, Cryptoglena skujae, Euglenaria anabaena, Strombomonas acuminata, all of which were highly syntenic. Consequently, this study aims at the analysis of the cpGenome of Trachelomonas grandis and a comparative examination of T. volvocina to investigate whether the cpGenomes are of such resemblance as could be expected for a genus within the Euglenaceae. Although these analyses resulted in almost identical gene content to other Euglenaceae, the chloroplast genome showed significant novelties: In the rRNA operon, we detected group II introns, not yet found in any other cpGenome of Euglenaceae and a substantially heterogeneous cluster arrangement in the genus Trachelomonas. The phylogenomic analysis with 84 genes of 19 phototrophic euglenoids and 18 cpGenome sequences from Chlorophyta and Streptophyta resulted in a well‐supported cpGenome phylogeny, which is in accordance to former phylogenetic analyses.
Neonatal Outcomes in the Birth Center Setting: A Systematic Review
Authors: Phillippi Julia C. , Danhausen Kathleen , Alliman Jill , Phillippi R. David 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionThis systematic review investigates the effect of the birth center setting on neonatal mortality in economically developed countries to aid women and clinicians in decision making.MethodsWe searched the Google Scholar, CINAHL, and PubMed databases using key terms birth/birthing center or out of hospital with perinatal/neonatal outcomes. Ancestry searches identified additional studies, and an alert was set for new publications. We included primary source studies in English, published after 1980, conducted in a developed country, and researching planned birth in centers with guidelines similar to American Association of Birth Centers standards. After initial review, we conducted a preliminary analysis, assessing which measures of neonatal health, morbidity, and mortality were included across studies.ResultsNeonatal mortality was selected as the sole summary measure as other measures were sporadically reported or inconsistently defined. Seventeen studies were included, representing at least 84,500 women admitted to a birth center in labor. There were substantial differences of study design, sampling techniques, and definitions of neonatal outcomes across studies, limiting conclusive statements of the effect of intrapartum care in a birth center. No reviewed study found a statistically increased rate of neonatal mortality in birth centers compared to low‐risk women giving birth in hospitals, nor did data suggest a trend toward higher neonatal mortality in birth centers. As in all birth settings, nulliparous women, women aged greater than 35 years, and women with pregnancies of more than 42 weeks’ gestation may have an increased risk of neonatal mortality.DiscussionThere are substantial flaws in the literature concerning the effect of birth center care on neonatal outcomes. More research is needed on subgroups at risk of poor outcomes in the birth center environment. To expedite research, consistent use of national and international definitions of perinatal and neonatal mortality within data registries and greater detail on adverse outcomes would be beneficial.
Fracture Resistance of Titanium‐Based Lithium Disilicate and Zirconia Implant Restorations
Authors: Roberts Evan E. , Bailey Clifton W. , Ashcraft‐Olmscheid Deborah L. , Vandewalle Kraig S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the fracture resistance of a newer lithium disilicate abutment material.Materials and MethodsA premolar‐shaped implant crown was designed using CAD/CAM software, and four groups of implant and crown combinations were milled: (1) lithium‐disilicate hybrid‐abutment crown; (2) “screwmentable” lithium‐disilicate hybrid abutment/lithium‐disilicate crown with screw channel; (3) lithium‐disilicate hybrid abutment/lithium‐disilicate crown; and (4) zirconia hybrid abutment/lithium‐disilicate crown (control). The specimens were cemented to a titanium‐base implant system, subjected to thermocycling and cyclic loading, and fractured in a material testing device.ResultsThe lithium‐disilicate hybrid‐abutment crown had significantly greater fracture load than all the other groups, which were not significantly different from each other.ConclusionsBased on fracture load, the new lithium‐disilicate hybrid‐abutment material may serve as a viable alternative to the use of zirconia as a hybrid‐abutment material.
Sensory, digestion, and texture quality of commercial gluten‐free bread: Impact of broken rice flour type
Authors: Feizollahi Ehsan , Mirmoghtadaie Leila , Mohammadifar Mohammad Amin , Jazaeri Sahar , Hadaegh Haleh , Nazari Bahman , Lalegani Sajjad 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis research investigated the effects of two varieties of broken rice (Khouzestan and Lenjan) from warm and dry regions, and two (Hashemi and Tarom) from mild and humid regions on different parameters including dough rheology, digestibility, and quality (color, specific volume, textural properties, and sensorial properties) of a commercial gluten‐free bread (GFB). Furthermore, the rice varieties' hydration properties, gelatinization temperatures, and starch‐granule morphology were assessed. Significant differences were observed in the varieties' proximate composition and hydration properties from both climate zones. The granules' average size was 3.17–4.9 µm. The specific volume of the breads showed no correlation with either the damaged starch content or the amylose content, but had a significant negative correlation with hardness (r = −.923, p < .05). The crumb hardness of bread was positively correlated with water‐binding capacity and was affected by elastic modulus of dough. Results of predicted glycemic index were in accordance with total carbohydrates. Khouzestan received the highest score in sensory evaluation test. Based on the outcomes for bread‐quality attributes, Khouzestan from the warm and dry region, which is a cheaper rice variety in Iran, was the most appropriate variety for GFB production. Moreover, it was determined that the rice varieties currently used in commercial manufacture of gluten‐free bread do not necessarily yield the highest‐quality bread.Practical applicationsGluten‐free breads (GFBs) are generally used by Coeliac patients. In comparison to wheat bread, the quality of GFBs is lower. Rice is one of the main ingredients of GFBs' formulation, thence by determining the quality‐related features of the rice, improvement in the final product could be achieved. In addition, by implementing the cheap and the broken rice variety, the price of the final product could be decreased and be more affordable for the patients.
The limits of leverage
Authors: Guasoni Paolo , Mayerhofer Eberhard 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhen trading incurs proportional costs, leverage can scale an asset's return only up to a maximum multiple, which is sensitive to its volatility and liquidity. In a model with one safe and one risky asset, with constant investment opportunities and proportional costs, we find strategies that maximize long‐term returns given average volatility. As leverage increases, rising rebalancing costs imply declining Sharpe ratios. Beyond a critical level, even returns decline. Holding the Sharpe ratio constant, higher asset volatility leads to superior returns through lower costs.
Transcriptome profiles of sunflower reveal the potential role of microsatellites in gene expression divergence
Authors: Ranathunge Chathurani , Wheeler Gregory L. , Chimahusky Melody E. , Kennedy Meaghan M. , Morrison Jesse I. , Baldwin Brian S. , Perkins Andy D. , Welch Mark E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe mechanisms by which natural populations generate adaptive genetic variation are not well understood. Some studies propose that microsatellites can function as drivers of adaptive variation. Here, we tested a potentially adaptive role for transcribed microsatellites with natural populations of the common sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) by assessing the enrichment of microsatellites in genes that show expression divergence across latitudes. Seeds collected from six populations at two distinct latitudes in Kansas and Oklahoma were planted and grown in a common garden. Morphological measurements from the common garden demonstrated that phenotypic variation among populations is largely explained by underlying genetic variation. An RNA‐Seq experiment was conducted with 96 of the individuals grown in the common garden and differentially expressed (DE) transcripts between the two latitudes were identified. A total number of 825 DE transcripts were identified. DE transcripts and nondifferentially expressed (NDE) transcripts were then scanned for microsatellites. The abundance of different motif lengths and types in both groups were estimated. Our results indicate that DE transcripts are significantly enriched with mononucleotide repeats and significantly depauperate in trinucleotide repeats. Further, the standardized mononucleotide repeat motif A and dinucleotide repeat motif AG were significantly enriched within DE transcripts while motif types, C, AT, ACC and AAC in DE transcripts, are significantly differentiated in microsatellite tract length between the two latitudes. The tract length differentiation at specific microsatellite motif types across latitudes and their enrichment within DE transcripts indicate a potential functional role for transcribed microsatellites in gene expression divergence in sunflower.