bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bivalved arthropod Tuzoia from the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) of Guizhou, China, and new observations on comparative species
Authors: Wen Rongqin , Babcock Loren E. , Peng Jin , Liu Shuai , Liang Boyan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTuzoia is a large, bivalved Cambrian arthropod having a widespread distribution in shallow‐shelf to deeper marine Lagerstätten; stratigraphically it ranges from Cambrian Series 2 through the Miaolingian Series. In the present study, three species are recognized from relatively deep‐water deposits of the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) of Guizhou, South China: Tuzoia sinensis Pan, 1957, T. bispinosa Yuan et Zhao, 1999 and T. lazizhaiensis sp. nov. The new species is unique in having 6–10 small marginal spines on the dorsal margin, an inflated anterior margin with three short, closely spaced marginal spines. These remains, which usually occur as disarticulated valves, are inferred to be parautochthonous. One new specimen of T. lazizhaiensis shows a stalked eye and antenna. New Tuzoia material from the Kaili Biota (Cambrian: Wuliuan Stage) of Guizhou, and from the Guanshan Biota (Cambrian Stage 4) of Yunnan, China, provide additional comparative information about the genus. Some new specimens of T. bispinosa from the Kaili Biota provide information on valve morphology and palaeoecology. One specimen of T. sinensis from the Guanshan Biota provides information on the appendages, and one specimen of T. tylodesa, from the Guanshan Biota adds provides information on the trunk and appendages.
Thinking (in) complexity: (In) definitions and (mis)conceptions
Authors: Teixeira de Melo Ana , Caves Leo Simon Dominic , Dewitt Anna , Clutton Evie , Macpherson Rory , Garnett Philip 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rise of complexity sciences has led to the development of new language about systems. Concepts such as ‘complex systems thinking'; or ‘complexity thinking'; have appeared in the literature, appealing to ways of thinking (in) complexity. The notion of ‘complex thinking,'; may be considered as referring to a mode of thinking more congruent with the complexity of the world. The widespread and sometimes undifferentiated usage of these concepts results in a lack of clarity and terminological confusion, which jeopardizes their heuristic and pragmatic value. We identify literature using terms related to thinking (in) complexity and use a combination of computational and qualitative methods to extract definitions and analyse their usage. We map the relationships of the concepts and their usage across different intellectual communities. Our goal is to clarify these concepts and to strengthen their pragmatic value for the promotion and management of positive changes in complex systems.
Comparison of antral follicle count and serum anti‐Müllerian hormone level for determination of gonadotropin dosing in in‐vitro fertilization: randomized trial
Authors: LI H. W. R. , Ko J. K. Y. , Lee V. C. Y. , Yung S. S. F. , Lau E. Y. L. , Yeung W. S. B. , Ho P. C. , Ng E. H. Y. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the proportion of women achieving a desired ovarian response following ovarian stimulation when gonadotropin dosing was determined based on antral follicle count (AFC) vs serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) level, in women undergoing in‐vitro fertilization (IVF) using the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol.MethodsThis was a randomized double‐blind trial carried out in a university‐affiliated assisted reproduction unit. A total of 200 women undergoing their first IVF cycle using the GnRH‐antagonist protocol between April 2016 and February 2018 were randomized to determination of gonadotropin dosing based on either AFC or serum AMH level measured in the pretreatment cycle 1 month before the IVF cycle. Patients underwent IVF as per our center's standard protocol. The proportion of subjects achieving a desired ovarian response, defined as retrieval of six to 14 oocytes, was compared between the two study arms. Subgroup analysis of patients with baseline AFC > 5 and those with baseline AFC ≤ 5 was performed. Concordance in AFC and AMH categorization between the pretreatment cycle and the ovarian‐stimulation cycle was assessed using Cohen's kappa (κ).ResultsThere was no significant difference in the proportion of patients achieving a desired ovarian response between the AFC (54%) and AMH (49%) groups (P = 0.479). The median number of oocytes retrieved was nine vs seven (P = 0.070), and the median follicular output rate was 0.54 vs 0.55 (P = 0.764) in the AFC and AMH groups, respectively. Similar findings were observed on subgroup analysis of subjects with AFC ≤ 5 and AFC > 5 at the start of ovarian stimulation (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). There was moderate concordance between AFC and AMH measured in the pretreatment cycle and the stimulation cycle (κ = 0.478 and 0.587, respectively).ConclusionThe proportion of women achieving a desired ovarian response following ovarian stimulation using the GnRH‐antagonist protocol is similar when the gonadotropin‐dosing algorithm used is based on AFC or serum AMH level. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Debating dams: The World Commission on Dams 20 years on
Authors: Schulz Christopher , Adams William M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe World Commission on Dams (WCD) was a global environmental governance forum that worked between 1998 and 2000 to try to resolve long‐standing controversies between supporters and opponents of large dams. Its objectives were to assess the development effectiveness of large dams and to develop best practice guidelines for large dam construction and management, based on an extensive review of scientific evidence and wide‐ranging stakeholder consultation. This paper reviews literature discussing the WCD, to understand its influence on the debate on large dams and beyond. We find that its influence is debated within four main contexts: (a) interpretations of stakeholder responses to the WCD report and recommendations; (b) the persistence of the kinds of impacts of large dams that gave rise to the Commission's work; (c) the different visions for appropriate follow‐up strategies; and (d) insights from the WCD experience in the context of global environmental governance. Within these four contexts, we identify diverse opinions and directions of post‐WCD development and sources of disagreement on its merits and legacy, ranging from calls for its full implementation to dismissal and opposition. Commentators also differ in their assessment of whether the WCD sparked truly novel insights and propositions for dam decision‐making or whether it simply represented one among many other elements in the broader debate on dams. Most commonly, the WCD's work is cited in the context of persistent negative social and environmental impacts of dams: neither the impacts nor the controversy over large dams have ended.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
A succession of near-orthogonal horizontal tectonic shortenings in the Paleoproterozoic Central Lapland Greenstone Belt of Fennoscandia: constraints from the world-class Suurikuusikko gold deposit
Authors: Sayab M. , Molnár F. , Aerden D. , Niiranen T. , Kuva J. , Välimaa J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The relative and absolute timing of orogenic gold deposits in complex structural settings are active and challenging topics of research, especially in Precambrian greenstone belts. The Suurikuusikko gold deposit in Central Lapland Greenstone Belt is currently the largest primary gold producing deposit in Europe, located on a slight bend of the strike-slip Kiistala shear zone (KiSZ). Gold is refractory and locked inside arsenopyrite and pyrite. In this study, different structural features were investigated along the KiSZ from the recently stripped Etelä pit, which is the southern extension of the Suurikuusikko ore body. Our data source ranges from aeromagnetic to high-resolution aerial images, X-ray computed tomography scans of selected rock samples and regional geological and geophysical datasets. The KiSZ has recorded five discrete deformation phases, spanning between ca. 1.92 and 1.76 Ga. The refractory gold at the Suurikuusikko deposit formed during E-W contraction related to the D1 thrusting phase. This was followed by a N-S shortening event (D2), where most of the strain was taken up by the northern and southern thrusts. Tectonic vectors then switched from N-S to NE-SW and, as a result, dextral strike-slip regime (D3) commenced along the KiSZ. This event exsolved invisible gold from the sulfides and remobilized it along with fractures. A near-orthogonal switch of the regional stress regime from NE-SW to NW-SE flipped the kinematics of the KiSZ from dextral to sinistral (D4). The last deformation phase (D5) produced widespread veining under E-W contraction and secured gold mineralization at the Iso-Kuotko gold deposit within the KiSZ.
Mid-century emission pathways in Japan associated with the global 2 °C goal: national and global models’ assessments based on carbon budgets
Authors: Oshiro Ken , Gi Keii , Fujimori Shinichiro , van Soest Heleen L. , Bertram Christoph , Després Jacques , Masui Toshihiko , Rochedo Pedro , Roelfsema Mark , Vrontisi Zoi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study assesses Japan’s mid-century low-emission pathways using both national and global integrated assessment models in the common mitigation scenario framework, based on the carbon budgets corresponding to the global 2 °C goal. We examine high and low budgets, equal to global cumulative 1600 and 1000 Gt-CO2 (2011–2100) for global models, and 36 and 31 Gt-CO2 (2011–2050) in Japan for national models, based on the cost-effectiveness allocation performed by the global models. The impacts of near-term policy assumption, including the implementation and enhancement of the 2030 target of the nationally determined contribution (NDC), are also considered. Our estimates show that the low budget scenarios require a 75% reduction of CO2 emissions by 2050 below the 2010 level, which is nearly the same as Japan’s governmental 2050 goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80%. With regard to near-term actions, Japan’s 2030 target included in the NDC is on track to meet the high budget scenario, whereas it is falling short for the low budget scenario, which would require emission reductions immediately after 2020. Whereas models differ in the type of energy source on which they foresee Japan basing its decarbonization process (e.g., nuclear- or variable renewable energy-dependent), the large-scale deployment of low-carbon energy (nuclear, renewable, and carbon capture and storage) is shared across most models in both the high and low budget scenarios. By 2050, low-carbon energy represents 44–54% of primary energy and 86–97% of electricity supply in the high and low budget scenarios, respectively.
Cis-Hetero-Misogyny Online
Authors: Richardson-Self Louise 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article identifies five genres of anti-queer hate speech found in The Australian’s Facebook comments sections, exposing and analyzing the ways in which such comments are used to derogate cisgender and (often) heterosexual women. One may be tempted to think of cis-het women as third-party victims of queerphobia; however, this article argues that these genres of anti-queer speech are, in fact, misogynistic. Specifically, it argues that these are instances of cis-hetero-misogynistic hate speech. Cis-hetero-misogyny functions as the “law enforcement branch” of a cis-hetero-patriarchal gender order. Given the existence of such an order, it is clear that cis-het women’s liberation is inextricable from queer liberation (and vice versa). This article argues that to facilitate allyship and challenge this gender order—the order that elicits such hate speech acts—we need an epistemological revolution in the way we recognize and re-cognize human difference.
Who Sets the Aggressive Popularity Norm in Classrooms? It’s the Number and Strength of Aggressive, Prosocial, and Bi-Strategic Adolescents
Authors: Laninga-Wijnen Lydia , Harakeh Zeena , Dijkstra Jan Kornelis , Veenstra René , Vollebergh Wilma 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrevious work has shown that during adolescence, classrooms vary greatly in the extent to which aggression is rewarded with popularity (the ‘popularity norm’). Aggressive popularity norms may promote the proliferation of aggression and negatively affect the classroom climate. It is, however, unknown how these norms emerge in the first place. This longitudinal study therefore investigated whether aggressive popularity norms can be predicted by the classroom composition of students. We examined whether the prevalence of six student types - socially and non-socially dominant prosocial, aggressive, and bi-strategic adolescents (adolescents who are both highly prosocial and aggressive) - contributed to the norm by establishing a popularity hierarchy: strong classroom asymmetries in popularity. We collected peer-nominated data at three secondary schools in the Netherlands (SNARE-study;Nstudents = 2843;Nclassrooms = 120; 51.4% girls;Mage = 13.2). Classroom-level regression analyses suggest that the classroom percentage of socially dominant aggressive and bi-strategic students predicted higher aggressive popularity norms, both directly and by enhancing the classrooms’ popularity hierarchy. Instead, the presence of non-socially dominant aggressive students and socially dominant prosocial students contributed toloweraggressive popularity norms. Socially dominant prosocial students also buffered against the role of socially dominant aggressive adolescents in the aggressive popularity norm (moderation), but not against bi-strategic adolescents’ role. Our findings indicate that interventions aimed at reducing aggressive popularity norms should first and foremost take the composition of classrooms at the start of the school year into account; and should not only encourage prosocial behavior, but also actively discourage aggression.
Pore structure characterization based on joint numerical and experimental study: a case study of Nanpu Sag
Authors: Li Hatitao , Deng Shaogui , Yuan Xiyong , Hu Xufei , Niu Yunfeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPetrophysical properties such as acoustic velocity, resistivity and nuclear magnetic resonance are greatly depending on the pore structures. This is because the pore structures could control the elastic modulus, conductive path and seepage distribution of the rock. The theoretical simulation and acoustic–electrical–nuclear magnetic resonance joint experiments were used to study the pore structure control action of acoustic, electrical and nuclear magnetic characteristics by taking the sandstone samples of Nanpu Sag as an example which the pore structure of the samples was classified based on the mercury intrusion fractal curve. It is found that the control action of pore structure type on the variation law of longitudinal and transverse wave velocity is mainly affected by the aspect ratio of pores; the effect of pore structure type on resistivity change is mainly affected by pore–throat ratio and tortuosity; the influence of pore structure on nuclear magnetic changes is mainly affected by pore size factors.
A pragmatic approach for optimizing gas lift operations
Authors: Garrouch Ali A. , Al-Dousari Mabkhout M. , Al-Sarraf Zahra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe oil flow rate in a single vertical well undergoing gas lift operations is complicated by three factors: (1) The flow is driven by gas injection, in addition to the fluid flow potential gradient applied along the well, (2) the well is interfaced with a porous and permeable reservoir contributing with a fluid feed, and (3) the wellbore geometry may consist of concentric pipes of varying diameters and lengths, rather than a single-diameter pipe. Dimensional analysis is applied to this complex, highly nonlinear production problem, in order to develop empirical models for predicting the optimal gas injection rate and the maximum oil production rate that may be produced from continuous gas lift operations. Two pairs of coupled dimensionless groups are revealed. The first pair consists of a dimensionless pressure drop (π1) adjusted to the complex wellbore geometry, and a dimensionless ratio of kinetic to viscous forces (π2) which accounts for the porous medium feed. A constructed database for 388 vertical wells producing by continuous gas lift operations has been used to validate the dimensionless groups. A power-law relation is revealed between the dimensionless groups π1 and π2, allowing to construct an analytical model for predicting the maximum oil production rate that corresponds to the optimal gas injection rate. The second pair consists of two groups denoted χ1 and χ2. The group χ1 is a dimensionless pressure drop with adjustment being augmented to account for the temperature effects on gas flow. Similar to π2, the dimensionless group χ2 is a ratio of kinetic to viscous forces, adjusted to account for the porous medium feed. However, χ2 is a function of the injection rate, instead of the oil production rate. Likewise, a power-law relation is revealed between χ1 and χ2, allowing to construct an analytical model for predicting the optimal gas injection rate. All power-law relations yield high correlation coefficients when the validation data are segregated according to a discrete productivity index. The analytical models developed by applying dimensional analysis appear to capture the physical controls of gas lift operations. Intuitively, the optimal gas injection rate depends on the pressure gradient along the pipe, the wellbore geometry, the temperature conditions at the bottom of the well and in the stock-tank, the oil density, and on the productivity index. Similarly, the maximum oil production rate, corresponding to the optimal gas injection rate, depends on the pressure gradient along the pipe, the wellbore geometry, the oil density, the productivity index which is implicitly affected by the oil permeability, and viscosity. Unlike multivariate nonlinear regression analysis, the application of dimensional analysis for deriving the analytical models, presented in this study, does not require a presumed functional relationship. In retrospect, dimensional analysis evades the guessing process associated with nonlinear regression analysis.
Carbonated water injection: an efficient EOR approach. A review of fundamentals and prospects
Authors: Bisweswar Ghosh , Al-Hamairi Abdullah , Jin Soo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCarbonated water injection (CWI) might be an efficient alternate to CO2injection technique. In CWI, CO2exists as a dissolved phase and not as a free phase; thus, it eliminates some challenges encountered in CO2injection such as poor sweep efficiency and gravity segregation. In CWI, the density and viscosity of water become higher than normal due to the CO2dissolution, thereby reducing the gravity segregation and channeling effect. This article is a comprehensive review on how carbonated water flooding has evolved over the time and captured salient features on the mechanisms involved in its role in enhanced oil recovery. The aspects reviewed in this article include a brief comparison of conventional CO2injection and carbonated water injection and the benefits thereof. Solubility of CO2in water, brine and oil phases is discussed in detail with valid correlations. A brief history of the development of CWI in the laboratory and field information is captured from 1905s to the present followed by the possible mechanisms and principle of CWI reported by various authors. This article also captured the latest findings on the beneficial effect of hybridizing CWI with smart water technologies.
Subcritical CO2 effects on kaolinite fines transport in porous limestone media
Authors: Mahalingam S. , Pranesh Venkat , Kanimozhi B. , Thamizhmani Vivek , Arun Selvakumar T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCarbonate reservoirs account for 60% share in global oil reserves, and CO2-EOR process is employed in these carbonate fields for effective oil recovery and retention as well. Recent research reports that fines migration may lead to reservoir formation damage in oil bearing limestone and dolomite rocks. Although carbonate reservoirs are poor in clay minerals, some mass of clay fines existence in certain carbonate formations will cause severe damage to permeability and well productivity. This paper reports the single-phase flow of subcritical CO2 in porous limestone rock core containing kaolinite clay fines. Fines are natural reservoir minerals (example, quartz) and clay particles such as kaolinite, illite, feldspar, smectite, and montmorillonite. But, this paper explores this CO2-clay fines behavior in limestone rock as a function of kaolinite. So, two sets of core flood experiments were performed in the rock temperatures 120 °C and 160 °C. Initially, kaolinite clay has been injected into the limestone core in the form of suspension and then dried for hours in order to retain the solid fines in the internal pore chambers of the core. After that, the CO2 under subcritical condition has been injected into the porous limestone core for fines mobilization and injected gas recovery. The major observations that are reported from the experimental tests are there is an increase in gas saturation for increasing injection time. Steady rise of heat transfer coefficient and enthalpy was noted for increasing gas saturation and time. Concentration of fines linearly soars with respect to elevating PVI and permeability declines for rising time. Pressure in the limestone core shows abnormal and nonlinear variation. Finally, gas discharge rate declines for increasing injection time. Experimental data are tested against the statistical model (regression), and the outcome indicated good agreement. Overall, this paper has successfully established the CO2 effects on kaolinite clay fines behavior and its impact on oil recovery in carbonate fields.
Singular vector distribution of sample covariance matrices
Authors: Ding Xiucai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe consider a class of sample covariance matrices of the formQ=TXX*T*, whereX= (xij) is anM×Nrectangular matrix consisting of independent and identically distributed entries, andTis a deterministic matrix such thatT*Tis diagonal. Assuming thatMis comparable toN, we prove that the distribution of the components of the right singular vectors close to the edge singular values agrees with that of Gaussian ensembles provided the first two moments ofxijcoincide with the Gaussian random variables. For the right singular vectors associated with the bulk singular values, the same conclusion holds if the first four moments ofxijmatch those of the Gaussian random variables. Similar results hold for the left singular vectors if we further assume thatTis diagonal.