bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable External Forcing Obscures the Weak Relationship between the NAO and North Atlantic Multidecadal SST Variability
Authors: Klavans Jeremy M. , Clement Amy C. , Cane Mark A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SST) exhibit a lagged response to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in both models and observations, which has previously been attributed to changes in ocean heat transport. Here we examine the lagged relationship between the NAO and Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) in the context of the two other major components of the AMV: atmospheric noise and external forcing. In preindustrial control runs, we generally find that after accounting for spurious signals introduced by filtering, the SST response to the NAO is only statistically significant in the subpolar gyre. Further, the lagged SST response to the NAO is small in magnitude and offers a limited contribution to the AMV pattern, statistics, or predictability. When climate models include variable external forcing, the relationship between the NAO and AMV is obscured and becomes inconsistent. In these historically forced runs, knowledge of the prior NAO offers reduced predictability. The differences between the preindustrial and the historically forced ensembles suggest that we do not yet have enough observational data to surmise the true NAO–AMV relationship and add evidence that external forcing plays a substantial role in producing the AMV.
Comparison of Convective Boundary Layer Characteristics from Aircraft and Wind Lidar Observations
Authors: Adler Bianca , Kiseleva Olga , Kalthoff Norbert , Wieser Andreas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDuring the Convective Storm Initiation Project experiment, which was conducted in summer 2005 in southern England, vertical velocity in the convective boundary layer (CBL) was measured simultaneously with a research aircraft and a wind lidar. The aircraft performed horizontal flight legs approximately parallel to the prevailing wind direction and centered over the lidar. This measurement setup allows for the comparing of CBL characteristics (CBL depth zi, integral length scale lw, spectral peak wavelength λm, and vertical velocity variance ) from temporal (lidar) and spatial (aircraft) measurements. For this, the lidar time series are transferred into space using the mean wind. While the statistics of the aircraft data are all based on the 34-km flight legs, the averaging interval for the lidar is either 1 h or a longer period that corresponds to the 34-km leg. Although the lw and λm values from aircraft and lidar measurements are in the same range (100–200 and 500–2000 m) and agree well on the average, the correlation for individual legs is very low (R2 < 0.17). One possible explanation is the large uncertainty that arises from the transfer of the lidar time series to space. For , the agreement between aircraft and lidar is better for individual legs (R2 ≥ 0.63), but the mean absolute difference in is about 2.5 times as large as the statistical error. We examine the nonstationarity and heterogeneity for the lidar and aircraft samples and can exclude these as the major sources for the large differences between lidar and aircraft data.
The Development and Assessment of Crayons that Produce Textured Lines for Individuals Who Are Visually Impaired
Authors: Kandalam Suraj , Ferro Tyler , Pawluk Dianne T. V. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: This article describes the development and initial assessment of a set of tactile crayons that can produce different textured lines and areas on standard paper. Method: An assessment of the need for tactile crayons was performed through the use of surveys and focus groups from which a set of six tactile crayons was developed. Development was focused on being able to differentiate the crayons along the texture dimensions of sticky or slippery, rough or smooth, and hard or soft in informal dimensional analysis. Preliminary discrimination testing was performed to determine the viability of the six selected crayons. The main assessment determined whether individuals were able to identify each of the crayons by number from feeling scribbles on paper. Results: User needs assessment showed that many practitioners felt the development of tactile crayons would aid in teaching and fill a needs gap. The participants were able to discriminate the six crayons with a mean accuracy (standard error) of 77% (4%), and of those six, they could identify the four most easily discriminable with 86% (3%) accuracy. Discussion: Many families and teachers showed interest in the potential of tactile crayons as a learning tool. Four of the six tactile crayons were both highly discriminable and identifiable by adults who are visually impaired. This finding shows promise for discriminability and identifiability of these crayons by children who are visually impaired and their potential as a learning tool in both formal and informal learning environments. Implications for practitioners: The use of the developed tactile crayons has the potential to aid childhood development and student learning. In addition, the use of the crayons by teachers could help reduce the time needed to produce tactile diagrams.
WITHDRAWN—Administrative Duplicate Publication: TASC in St. Gwladys Primary School (Wales, UK)
Authors: Evans Kathryn 
Published: April 2019

Evans K (2019). TASC in St. Gwladys Primary School (Wales, UK). Gifted Education International. Epub ahead of print: 15 April 2019. Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher. Due to an administrative error, this article was accidentally published twice Online First with different DOIs. The correct and citable version of the article remains: Wallace B, Humphries W and Evans K (2019) On demonstrating the development of the Thinking Actively in a Social Context (TASC) problem-solving approach in schools in South Wales (UK). Gifted Education International 35(2): 152–160. DOI: 10.1177/0261429419839380
A secondary analysis of data from the OPTICARE randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of extended cardiac rehabilitation on functional capacity, fatigue, and participation in society
Authors: ter Hoeve Nienke , Sunamura Madoka , Stam Henk J , van Domburg Ron T , van den Berg-Emons Rita JG 
Published: April 2019

Objective: In this secondary analysis of data from the OPTICARE trial, we compared the effects of two behavioral interventions integrated into cardiac rehabilitation to standard rehabilitation with regard to functional capacity, fatigue, and participation in society. Design: This is a randomized controlled trial. Setting: This study was conducted in a cardiac rehabilitation setting. Subjects: A total of 740 patients with acute coronary syndrome were recruited for this study. Interventions: Patients were randomized to (1) three months of standard rehabilitation; (2) cardiac rehabilitation plus nine months after-care with face-to-face group lifestyle counseling; or (3) cardiac rehabilitation plus nine months after-care with individual lifestyle telephone counseling. Main measures: Functional capacity (6-minute walk test), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), and participation in society (Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation) were measured at randomization, 3, 12, and 18 months. Results: Additional face-to-face sessions resulted at 12 months in 12.49 m more on the 6-minute walk test compared to standard rehabilitation ( P = .041). This difference was no longer present at 18 months. Prevalence of fatigue decreased from 30.2% at baseline to 11.9% at 18 months compared to an improvement from 37.3% to 24.9% after standard rehabilitation (between-group difference: odds ratio = 0.47; P = .010). The additional improvements in functional capacity seemed to be mediated by increases in daily physical activity. No mediating effects were found for fatigue. No additional improvements were seen for participation in society. Additional telephonic sessions did not result in additional intervention effects. Conclusion: Extending cardiac rehabilitation with a face-to-face behavioral intervention resulted in additional long-term improvements in fatigue and small improvements in functional capacity up to 12 months. A telephonic behavioral intervention provided no additional benefits.
Prognostic value of lateral spread response during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm
Authors: Song Hongmei , Xu Songbai , Fan Xiushuang , Yu Mingxin , Feng Jiachun , Sun Lichao 
Published: April 2019

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the lateral spread response (LSR) for predicting surgical outcomes following microvascular decompression (MVD) in patients with hemifacial spasm. Methods Seventy-three patients with hemifacial spasm underwent MVD with intraoperative LSR monitoring. Surgical outcomes were evaluated 1 week and 1 year after MVD and correlations between LSR characteristics and surgical outcomes were analyzed. Results The LSR disappeared completely in 61 patients during surgery (Group A; prior to insertion of Teflon felt pledgets in 11, after insertion of pledgets in 50), disappeared partially in nine patients (Group B), and remained unchanged in three patients (Group C). Fifty-five patients showed short-term and 61 patients showed long-term clinical cures during the follow-up period. The short-term and long-term cure rates were significantly higher in Group A than in Group C. There was no correlation between the time of complete LSR disappearance and surgical outcomes. Conclusions Disappearance of the LSR during MVD is correlated with the surgical outcomes. Intraoperative LSR monitoring is a reliable approach for predicting the prognosis of hemifacial spasm following MVD, but the time at which LSR disappears is not a prognostic indicator.
Does cognitive dysfunction correlate with neurofilament light polypeptide levels in the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Kalatha Thaleia , Arnaoutoglou Marianthi , Koukoulidis Theodoros , Hatzifilippou Eleni , Bouras Emmanouil , Baloyannis Stavros , Koutsouraki Effrosyni 
Published: April 2019

Objective To investigate whether neurofilament light polypeptide (NfL) level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), currently a prognostic biomarker of neurodegeneration in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), may be a potential biomarker of cognitive dysfunction in MS. Methods This observational case–control study included patients with MS. CSF levels of NfL were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cognitive function was measured with the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) battery and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT3), standardized to the Greek population. Results Of 39 patients enrolled (aged 42.7 ± 13.6 years), 36% were classified as cognitively impaired according to BICAMS z-scores (–0.34 ± 1.13). Relapsing MS was significantly better than progressive forms regarding BICAMS z-score (mean difference [MD] 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54, 2.24), Symbol Digit Modality Test score (MD 1.73; 95% CI 0.46, 3.0) and Greek Verbal Learning Test (MD 1.77; 95% CI 0.82, 2.72). An inversely proportional association between CSF NfL levels and BICAMS z-scores was found in progressive forms of MS (rp = –0.944). Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence for an association between CSF NfL levels and cognition in progressive forms of MS, which requires validation in larger samples.
Visual-Spatial Memory Deficits Are Related to Increased Knee Valgus Angle During a Sport-Specific Sidestep Cut
Authors: Monfort Scott M. , Pradarelli Jared J. , Grooms Dustin R. , Hutchison Keith A. , Onate James A. , Chaudhari Ajit M.W. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Identifying athletes at an increased risk of injury is a promising approach to improve the effect of injury prevention interventions; however, it requires first identifying the potential athlete-specific risk factors. Cognitive ability was recently shown to correlate with noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury rates and lower extremity mechanics, marking an underexplored area. A better understanding of how individuals’ cognitive ability is associated with neuromuscular control during sport-specific tasks may improve injury prevention. Hypothesis: Athletes with lower cognitive performance on a standardized cognitive assessment would demonstrate greater increases in knee valgus angle and moment when performing a sidestep cut with soccer ball dribbling versus without. Visual-spatial memory was expected to demonstrate stronger relationships than reaction time or processing speed. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Fifteen male collegiate club soccer players participated (mean ± SD: 20.7 ± 2.0 years, 1.78 ± 0.07 m, 76.5 ± 8.9 kg). Participants performed anticipated 45° run-to-cut trials with and without a dual task of dribbling a soccer ball. Peak early-stance knee valgus angle and moment for the plant limb were calculated. Participants also completed a cognitive assessment to evaluate visual memory, verbal memory, reaction time, and processing speed. These composite scores were entered as candidate predictors for a stepwise regression analysis on the dual-task change scores in lower extremity biomechanical parameters (ie, ball handling – non–ball handling). Results: Visual memory composite score (a measure of visual-spatial memory) was the only cognitive outcome significantly associated with the change in biomechanical parameters. Each unit decrease in the visual memory composite score was associated with an increase of 0.21°± 0.05° in peak knee valgus angle during the ball-handling task as compared with the non–ball handling task ( R2 = 52%, P = .003). Conclusion: Visual-spatial memory was associated with neuromuscular control during a sidestep cutting task during soccer ball dribbling, with deficits in this cognitive domain being associated with increased peak knee valgus angle. Clinical Relevance: Assessing visual-spatial memory ability may provide useful information to better understand conditions associated with impaired neuromuscular control and to potentially identify athletes at an elevated risk for musculoskeletal injury.
Community Pharmacist Utilization of Legislation That Allows Impact on the Opioid Crisis in the State of Minnesota: A Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: Palombi Laura , Hawthorne Amanda N. , Lunos Scott , Melgaard Kelsey , Dahly Ashley , Blue Heather 
Published: April 2019

Background: As opioid overdose deaths climb, legislation supporting pharmacists in developing their role to address the crisis has expanded. Although Minnesota pharmacists are encouraged to utilize opiate antagonist, syringe access and authorized collector legislation, the use patterns of these tools are unknown. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used to survey 8405 Minnesota-licensed pharmacists on their practices related to the opioid crisis. An analysis of community pharmacist utilization of opioid-related legislation was conducted. Results: The majority (88.64%) of respondents indicated that they had not dispensed naloxone in the past month using a protocol; 59.69% reported that they had not dispensed naloxone by any method in the past month. Over sixty percent (60.61%) of respondents agreed they are comfortable with dispensing syringes and would dispense noninsulin syringes in their pharmacy under the statewide Syringe Access Initiative; 25.86% reported that they are not comfortable dispensing syringes. The majority (78.64%) of respondents reported that they do not participate in collecting unwanted pharmaceuticals. Conclusion: While pharmacists have the potential to play a key role in efforts focused on addressing the opioid crisis through harm reduction strategies, this role and the use of supporting legislation is currently underutilized in the state of Minnesota.
Outcomes of mentoring programs in psychiatry training: a literature review
Authors: You Daniel , Kealy-Bateman Warren 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: This literature review aimed to outline the evidence regarding the outcomes of formal mentoring programs for training psychiatrists. Methods: An electronic search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid PsycINFO and The Cochrane Library was conducted. Results: A total of 17 articles fulfilled inclusion criteria. Positive outcomes of mentorship include promotion of research, perpetuation of further mentorship, increased perceived support and enhancement of teaching skills. One article reported a negative outcome. Conclusions: Current evidence regarding mentorship in psychiatry is limited and there is a lack of clarity regarding the relationship between positive outcomes and mentorship. Components of the included programs may act as confounders. Mentorship, protected teaching time, and didactic teaching may be important to encourage research. Other potential benefits of mentorship include enhanced career guidance, perceived support, and enriched teaching skills.
Impact of patient and disease characteristics on the efficacy and safety of eluxadoline for IBS-D: a subgroup analysis of phase III trials
Authors: Lacy Brian E. , Harris Lucinda A. , Chang Lin , Lucak Susan , Gutman Catherine , Dove Leonard S. , Covington Paul S. , Lembo Anthony 
Published: April 2019

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) is a prevalent gastrointestinal (GI) disorder with a varied presentation, often overlapping with other GI and non-GI disorders. Eluxadoline is a locally active mixed µ- and κ-opioid receptor agonist and δ-opioid receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of IBS-D in adults. As IBS-D is a heterogeneous disease, factors such as patient demographics, symptom severity, and symptom pattern history can potentially inform treatment selection. Methods: Here, we report additional prospectively planned analyses of two large double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (IBS-3001 and IBS-3002) enrolling patients meeting Rome III criteria for IBS-D. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive placebo or eluxadoline 75 mg or 100 mg twice daily. Efficacy (abdominal pain, stool consistency, and composite, simultaneous improvement in both) and safety were assessed for prospectively defined patient subgroups stratified by age, sex, race, presence of comorbidities, and baseline disease characteristics. Results: Across all age, sex, race, comorbidity, and disease characteristic subgroups, a greater proportion of patients were composite responders with both eluxadoline doses as compared with placebo, including patients with a history of depression or a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Among patients aged ⩾65 years, a greater proportion of patients receiving eluxadoline 75 mg were composite, abdominal pain, and stool consistency responders compared with those receiving 100 mg. The proportion of patients with at least one adverse event was slightly higher in patients aged ⩾65 years and also in female patients. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that eluxadoline is effective in treating IBS-D across a range of commonly encountered patient types. In contrast to the overall population, patients aged ⩾65 years demonstrated a greater proportion of responders at the lower approved 75 mg eluxadoline dose.
Evaluation of bacterial presence on lead X-ray aprons utilised in the operating room via IBIS and standard culture methods
Authors: Jain Sameer , Rajfer Rebecca A , Melton-Kreft Rachel , Nistico Laura , Miller Mark C , Stoodley Paul , Altman Daniel T , Altman Gregory T 
Published: April 2019

Background: Despite precautions, surgical procedures carry risk of infection. Radiation-protective lead aprons worn by operating personnel are a potential source of bacterial contamination and have not been fully evaluated. Aim/objective: To evaluate lead aprons as a source of bacterial contamination, identify organisms most commonly found on this source, and devise a method with which to lower the risk of contamination. Methods: In this basic science study, 20 randomly selected lead X-ray aprons were swabbed at three time points. The experimental treatment was with a hospital-grade disinfectant wipe. The samples were assessed for bacterial growth via traditional plating methods and mass spectrometry. Plates were graded on a scale of 0 to 4+ based on the number of quadrants with growth. Growth on one quadrant or more was considered contaminated. Findings/results: Bacteria were initially detected via IBIS on a majority of the aprons (32/40), most commonly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Virulent organisms cultured were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), Neisseria, Streptococcus viridans and pseudomonas. MRSE were detected on 5/20 of the samples. Immediately after treatment, the majority of aprons showed less bacterial contamination (0/20 standard culture positive; 13/20 IBIS positive) with some recurrence at the 6-h time point (2/20 standard culture positive, 16/20 IBIS positive). All MRSE detected initially was eradicated. Discussion: Lead X-ray aprons worn in the operating room harbour bacteria. Disinfecting before use may prevent the introduction of virulent organisms to patients. Our proposed method of sanitising with a disinfectant wipe is quick and effective.
Investigating the Immediate and Cumulative Effects of Isometric Squat Exercise for Different Weight Loads on Intraocular Pressure: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vera Jesús , Jiménez Raimundo , Redondo Beatríz , Torrejón Alejandro , Koulieris George-Alex , De Moraes Carlos Gustavo , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: April 2019

Background: The execution of resistance exercise against heavy loads promotes an acute intraocular pressure (IOP) rise, which has detrimental effects on ocular health. However, the effect of load on the IOP behavior during exercise remains unknown due to technical limitations. Hypotheses: IOP monitoring during isometric squat exercise permits assessment of IOP behavior during physical effort. Second, greater loads will induce a higher IOP rise. Study Design: Randomized cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Twenty-six young adults (13 women, 13 men) performed an isometric squat exercise against 3 loads relative to their maximum capacity (low, medium, and high). IOP was measured before, during (1 measurement every 6 seconds), and after exercise (10 seconds of recovery). Results: There was a progressive IOP rise during exercise, which was dependent on the load applied (Bayes factor10 >100). Higher IOP values were found in the high load condition in comparison with the medium (mean IOP difference = 1.5 mm Hg) and low (mean IOP difference = 3.1 mm Hg) conditions, as well as when the medium load was compared with the low load condition (mean IOP difference = 1.6 mm Hg). Men reached higher IOP values in comparison with women during the last measurements in the high load condition. Ten seconds of recovery were enough to obtain IOP values similar to baseline levels. Conclusion: Isometric squat exercise induces an immediate and cumulative IOP elevation, which is positively associated with the load applied. These IOP increments return to baseline values after 10 seconds of recovery, and men demonstrate a more accentuated IOP rise in comparison with women when high levels of effort are accumulated. Clinical Relevance: These findings may help in better management of different ocular conditions and highlight the importance of an individualized exercise prescription in clinical populations.