bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicotine Acts on Cholinergic Signaling Mechanisms to Directly Modulate Choroid Plexus Function
Authors: Lallai Valeria , Grimes Nickolas , Fowler James P. , Sequeira P. Adolfo , Cartagena Preston , Limon Agenor , Coutts Margaret , Monuki Edwin S. , Bunney William , Demuro Angelo , Fowler Christie D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNeuronal cholinergic circuits have been implicated in cognitive function and neurological disease, but the role of cholinergic signaling in other cellular populations within the brain has not been as fully defined. Here, we show that cholinergic signaling mechanisms are involved in mediating the function of the choroid plexus, the brain structure responsible for generating CSF and releasing various factors into the brain. The choroid plexus was found to express markers of endogenous cholinergic signaling, including multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in a region-specific manner, and application of nicotine was found to induce cellular activation, as evidenced by calcium influx in primary tissue. During intravenous nicotine self-administration in male rats, nicotine increased expression of transthyretin, a protein selectively produced and released by the choroid plexus, and microRNA-204 (mir-204), a transcript found in high levels in the choroid plexus and CSF. Finally, human choroid plexus tissue from both sexes was found to exhibit similar nAChR, transthyretin and mir-204 expression profiles, supporting the translational relevance of the findings. Together, these studies demonstrate functionally active cholinergic signaling mechanisms in the choroid plexus, the resulting effects on transthyretin and mir-204 expression, and reveal the direct mechanism by which nicotine modulates function of this tissue.
The Effect of Blended Learning by Using Edmodo in Teaching English for Nursing Students
Authors: Laili Roudlotun Nurul , Nashir Muhammad 
Published: April 2019

Due to the developments of social networking in education, teachers have to provide the innovative techniques and select the best way in teaching learning process in classroom, especially in learning English as a foreign language so that the students are interested and eager to learn English. Edmodo as one of online learning media is believed to present an eﬀective solution in the teaching English. This research investigates the eﬀectiveness of blended learning by using Edmodo in teaching English for nursing students. This research used quasi experimental research design. It begins from conducting homogeneity test, deciding the experimental group and control group. Then, it was continued by giving activities to the control class using face to face learning and giving treatments to the experimental class that was using blended learning (combine face to face learning with online learning/Edmodo), then giving the same post-test to both classes. The result indicated that there was a signifcant eﬀect of teaching English in blended learning by using Edmodo on nursing students. It is proved by the value of signifcant column of t-test table and the result is 0.000 which was lower than 0.05.
Abstrak
Seiring perkembangan jejaring sosial dalam pendidikan, guru harus memberikan teknik inovatif dan memilih cara terbaik dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas, terutama dalam belajar bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing sehingga siswa tertarik dan bersemangat untuk belajar bahasa Inggris. Edmodo sebagai salah satu media pembelajaran online diyakini menghadirkan solusi efektif dalam pengajaran bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas pembelajaran campuran dengan menggunakan Edmodo dalam mengajar bahasa Inggris untuk mahasiswa keperawatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasi experimental. Dimulai dari melakukan uji homogenitas, menentukan kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan memberikan treatmen kepada kelas kontrol menggunakan pembelajaran tatap muka dan perlakuan ke kelas eksperimen yaitu menggunakan blended learning (menggabungkan pembelajaran tatap muka dengan pembelajaran online/Edmodo), kemudian memberikan post-test yang sama untuk keduanya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifkan dari kombinasi mengajar tatap muka dengan Edmodo terhadap kemampuan bahasa Inggris mahasiswa keperawatan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai kolom tabel t-test yang signifkan dan hasilnya adalah 0.000 yang lebih rendah dari 0.05
Keywords: Edmodo; Blended Learning; Teaching English
Formation Conditions of Leucite-Bearing Lavas in the Bolsena Complex (Vulsini, Italy): Research Data on Melt Inclusions in Minerals
Authors: Isakova A.T. , Panina L.I. , Stoppa F. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract—A melt inclusion study was carried out in the leucite-bearing tephriphonolite and phonolite lavas of the Bolsena complex in order to obtain direct data on the chemical composition of initial melts, their evolution, and their crystallization temperatures. It has been found that the initial melt for the considered rocks was of tephrite–basanite composition. Its crystallization began with the formation of clinopyroxene phenocrysts at 1205–1100 °C, then leucite and plagioclase crystallization took place at about 1120 °C and 1080–1060 °C, respectively. The initial tephrite–basanite melt was slightly enriched in volatile components (H2O, F, SO3, and Cl). During the crystallization of clinopyroxene, leucite, and plagioclase, the composition of the initial magma changed toward an increase in the contents of SiO2, Al2O3, and K2O and a decrease in the contents of FeO, MgO, and CaO, i.e., evolved toward phonolite. A similar evolution trend is typical of alkaline basic systems. The tephrite–basanite melt was probably the product of the crystallization differentiation of the parental mantle magma similar in composition to the leucite-bearing tephrite–basanite of the Montefiascone complex.
Isotope-Geochemical Composition, Mineralogy, and Genesis of Mn-Bearing Rocks of the Gondite Association of the Ikat Terrane (Eastern Baikal Region)
Authors: Shkol’nik S.I. , Barash I.G. , Buyantuev M.D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
—We present data on the mineral and geochemical compositions of metasedimentary Mn-bearing rocks of the Itantsa Formation of the Ikat terrane. According to the mineral composition, the studied quartz–spessartine rocks of the formation are referred to as gondites. The main Mn-concentrating minerals are garnet, pyrophanite, and Mn-ilmenite, and the secondary ones are rhodonite and Mn-amphibole. Two Mn-bearing objects of the Itantsa Formation (Usutai deposit and Almarnatol occurrence) show differences in chemical and mineral compositions, related to different sources of their material, different distances from the mouth of a hydrothermal vent, and different degrees of postsedimentary alteration. The Mn-bearing deposits of the formation accumulated in a sedimentary basin in the immediate vicinity of continental provenance areas in the Late Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran), under synchronous volcanic activity.
New Methodological Approaches to Assessment of Oil Resources in the Bazhenov Formation Sediments
Authors: Skvortsov M.B. , Nemova V.D. , Dakhnova M.V. , Kopilevich E.A. , Surova N.D. , Kirsanov A.M. , Mozhegova S.V. 
Published: April 2019

Today there is no verified methodology to calculate oil reserves in the Bazhenov Formation, which makes it impossible to identify any references for the initial oil reserves. Therefore, the analog approach that is usually applied for quantitative assessment of petroleum potential becomes inapplicable.
The paper considers different approaches to assessment of the petroleum potential of the Bazhenov Formation in West Siberia. Since oil distribution in the formation is determined by the initial content and catagenetic maturity of organic matter in the rock and controls the formation of an effective reservoir, it becomes apparent that estimating the oil resources and reserves requires geochemical studies.
The proposed methodological approaches consider separation of net oil pays using the Rock-Eval data, well log data, and results of oil-promising objects survey and the principles of differentiated assessment of oil resources and territory ranking by the compositions of saturating hydrocarbons.
Multiphase Hydrocarbons from Carboniferous Reservoir Rocks and Their Origin in the Donghetang Area, Western Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Lei Zhicheng , Xu Huaimin , Jiang Tongwen , Li Zhongchao , Li Jingwen , Li Weilu , Xiong Yunbin , Li Songze , Zhao Junwei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
—The Carboniferous Donghe sandstone reservoir is the most important target in the Tabei Uplift of the Tarim Basin, which contains a range of hydrocarbon types, including bitumen, heavy oil, condensate oil, light oil, crude oil, and hydrocarbon gas, and has high contents of CO2 and N2. The origin of multiple phase hydrocarbons from Carboniferous reservoir rocks in the Donghetang area, Western Tabei Uplift, is documented in this paper based on integral analysis of the geochemistry, pyrolysis, and carbon isotopes of the bulk composition and light composition hydrocarbons. Oil–source correlations determined that the paleoreservoir hydrocarbons that formed from Permian to Triassic derived from the Lower Ordovician (O1) source rocks and that those of the present-day reservoir that formed in the Neogene derived from Middle–Upper Ordovician (O2-3) source rocks. During the uplift episode lasting from Permian to Triassic, the hydrocarbons in the entire paleoreservoir underwent water washing, biodegradation, and bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR), resulting in residual bitumen, heavy oil, H2S, and pyrites in the paleoreservoir. The high CO2 and N2 contents originated from volcanic degassing due to volcanic activity from Permian to Early Triassic. The present-day reservoirs underwent gas washing and evaporative fractionation due to natural gas charging that originated from oil cracking and kerogen degradation in the deeper reservoirs; this resulted in fractionation and formed condensate oil and light oil with a high wax content in the residual crude oil. Based on this research, it was concluded that the diverse hydrocarbon phases in the Donghetang area were primarily attributed to water washing, biodegradation, BSR, volcanic degassing, gas washing, and evaporative fractionation.
Age and Isotope-Geochemical Features of the Murzinka–Adui Metamorphic Complex in Connection with the Problem of Formation of the Murzinka Interformational Granite Pluton
Authors: Fershtater G.B. , Krasnobaev A.A. , Montero P. , Bea F. , Borodina N.S. , Vishnyakova M.D. , Soloshenko N.G. , Streletskaya M.V. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
—The chemical composition of rocks of the Murzinka–Adui metamorphic complex and the Murzinka granite pluton, a reference interformational granite pluton in the Urals, is considered. A detailed comparative analysis of ancient gneisses and related granite veins included an isotope–geochemical study of zircons from both groups of rocks. Zircons are subdivided into seven age groups (I, 1588 ± 20 Ma; II, 1060 ± 28 Ma; III, 530 ± 11 Ma; IV, 380 ± 6 Ma; V, 330 ± 9 Ma; VI, 276 ± 3 Ma; and VII, 260 ± 3 Ma). The first four groups are apparently zircons from gneisses, reworked to different extents, and the other three groups are zircons crystallized during granite genesis. The gneisses and most of the granite samples contain zircons of all the above age populations, which is evidence of trapping zircons from gneisses by granite melts, on the one hand, and the occurrence of “granite-derived” zircons in gneisses, on the other.
The granitoids and gneisses of all types differ considerably in geochemical features. The behavior of trace elements and the Rb–Sr ages indicate that the formation of granites of the Murzinka massif was a discrete episode of magmatic activity. The Sr isotope ratios in the granites and gneisses indicate different degrees of the mantle–crust interaction and the participation of the material of the crystalline basement and newly formed crust in their formation.
Engelli Bireylerin Çalışma Hayatında Maruz Kaldıkları Duygusal Yükler: Sakarya İli Örneği
Authors: ORHAN Serdar , UYSAL Sezgin 
Published: April 2019

Engelli bireylerin
istihdam edilmesi sanayi devriminden günümüze kadarki süreçte her zaman bir
sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. II. Dünya
Savaşı’ndan sonra engelli bireylerin istihdam edilmesi yönünde bir takım
gelişmeler yaşanmaya başlamış ancak yeterli derece çözüm üretilememiştir. Engelli bireylerin istihdam sorunu dışında, istihdam edildikten sonra da çalışma
hayatında birçok sorun yaşadığı görülmektedir. Bu
sorunların bazıları iş yerindeki çalışanlardan kaynaklanırken diğer kısmı ise
işveren ya da işyerindeki şef veya amirlerinden kaynaklamaktadır. İş
hayatındaki engelli bireylerin yaşamış olduğu sorunlar birey üzerinde belirli
duygusal yüklerin oluşmasına sebep olmaktadır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı,
çalışma hayatındaki engelli bireylerin maruz kaldıkları duygusal yüklerin
tespit edilmesi ve bu yüklerin engellilik türüne göre farklılıklarının
belirlenmesidir. Çalışma yöntem olarak nitel bir araştırma üzerine kurgulanmış
ve 5 engellilik türünden toplam 25 engelli bireyle yüz yüze mülakat
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mülakatlar Nvivo11 programı ile analiz edilip
yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma farklı engel türlerine sahip engelli
bireylerin, çalışma hayatında maruz kaldıkları duygusal yüklerin oranlarında da
farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir.Engelli bireylerin
istihdam edilmesi sanayi devriminden günümüze kadarki süreçte her zaman bir
sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. II. Dünya
Savaşı’ndan sonra engelli bireylerin istihdam edilmesi yönünde bir takım
gelişmeler yaşanmaya başlamış ancak yeterli derece çözüm üretilememiştir. Engelli bireylerin istihdam sorunu dışında, istihdam edildikten sonra da çalışma
hayatında birçok sorun yaşadığı görülmektedir. Bu
sorunların bazıları iş yerindeki çalışanlardan kaynaklanırken diğer kısmı ise
işveren ya da işyerindeki şef veya amirlerinden kaynaklamaktadır. İş
hayatındaki engelli bireylerin yaşamış olduğu sorunlar birey üzerinde belirli
duygusal yüklerin oluşmasına sebep olmaktadır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı,
çalışma hayatındaki engelli bireylerin maruz kaldıkları duygusal yüklerin
tespit edilmesi ve bu yüklerin engellilik türüne göre farklılıklarının
belirlenmesidir. Çalışma yöntem olarak nitel bir araştırma üzerine kurgulanmış
ve 5 engellilik türünden toplam 25 engelli bireyle yüz yüze mülakat
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mülakatlar Nvivo11 programı ile analiz edilip
yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma farklı engel türlerine sahip engelli
bireylerin, çalışma hayatında maruz kaldıkları duygusal yüklerin oranlarında da
farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir.
Severe Arterial Hypertension from Cullin 3 Mutations Is Caused by Both Renal and Vascular Effects
Authors: Abdel Khalek Waed , Rafael Chloé , Loisel-Ferreira Irmine , Kouranti Ilektra , Clauser Eric , Hadchouel Juliette , Jeunemaitre Xavier 
Published: April 2019

Significance Statement
In a rare Mendelian form of arterial hypertension, familial hyperkalemic hypertension, scientists have identified relevant mutations in WNK lysine deficient protein kinases 1 and 4 (WNK1 and WNK4) and in two proteins involved in the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation of WNK1 and WNK4, including Cullin 3 (CUL3). To investigate why CUL3 mutations lead to a more severe phenotype, the authors developed cell models that overexpress mutant CUL3 and mouse models that express it ubiquitously or specifically in vascular smooth muscles cells. They provide evidence that CUL3-related hypertension is caused by alteration of both renal and vascular functions, the latter associated with activation of the RhoA signaling pathway. This dual influence helps explain the phenotype severity, but further investigation is needed to identify specific vascular CUL3 substrates.

Background
Mutations in four genes, WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1 and 4 (WNK1 and WNK4), kelch like family member 3 (KLHL3), or Cullin 3 (CUL3), can result in familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt), a rare Mendelian form of human arterial hypertension. Although all mutations result in an increased abundance of WNK1 or WNK4, all FHHt-causing CUL3 mutations, resulting in the skipping of exon 9, lead to a more severe phenotype.

Methods
We created and compared two mouse models, one expressing the mutant Cul3 protein ubiquitously (pgk-Cul3∆9) and the other specifically in vascular smooth muscle cells (SM22-Cul3∆9). We conducted pharmacologic investigations on isolated aortas and generated stable and inducible HEK293 cell lines that overexpress the wild-type Cul3 or mutant Cul3 (Cul3∆9) protein.

Results
As expected, pgk-Cul3∆9 mice showed marked hypertension with significant hyperkalemia, hyperchloremia and low renin. BP increased significantly in SM22-Cul3∆9 mice, independent of any measurable effect on renal transport. Only pgk-Cul3∆9 mice displayed increased expression of the sodium chloride cotransporter and phosphorylation by the WNK-SPAK kinases. Both models showed altered reactivity of isolated aortas to phenylephrine and acetylcholine, as well as marked acute BP sensitivity to the calcium channel blocker amlodipine. Aortas from SM22-Cul3∆9 mice showed increased expression of RhoA, a key molecule involved in regulation of vascular tone, compared with aortas from control mice. We also observed increased RhoA abundance and t
1/2 in Cul3∆9-expressing cells, caused by decreased ubiquitination.

Conclusions
Mutations in Cul3 cause severe hypertension by affecting both renal and vascular function, the latter being associated with activation of RhoA.
El modelo de acción del Observatorio de Innovación Social, en el Marco del Parque Científico de Innovación Social
Authors: Rocha-Jiménez Daniel , Rueda-Lizarazo Hortencia , Chaparro-Guevara Rosa Alexandra 
Published: April 2019

Propósito: el artículo pretende explicar la acción del OIS, en búsqueda del foco estratégico del PCIS, relacionado con la transformación de comunidades, siguiendo el rastro de la gestión del conocimiento y de los procesos, métodos y herramientas del OIS. Temas: el Parque Científico de Innovación Social – PCIS, tiene un modelo de gestión particular, complejizado por la combinación del término distante de Parque Científico, derivado por un lado, de la economía de mercado y por el otro, del concepto de Innovación Social, aún en construcción, polivalente y polisémico, asociado a problemáticas /retos de la sociedad. Desarrollo: en este marco se encuentra el Observatorio de Innovación Social – OIS[1], unidad de gestión del PCIS dedicada a la vigilancia del entorno en búsqueda de oportunidades y retos tanto en las comunidades como en los medios utilizados para atender dichos retos como el conocimiento y las tecnologías. Conclusiones: el OIS tiene tareas importantes en la observación de los procesos de transformación de comunidades, bien como resultados o impactos, así como los procesos previos asociados a la vigilancia del entorno, de observación de los saberes tradicionales, de oportunidades, retos y tecnologías.[1] El OIS, está operando de forma ajustada al modelo aquí mostrado desde el año 2013 a la fecha.
Factores relacionados con el tiempo de tratamiento en un Posgrado de Ortodoncia
Authors: Zapata-Noreña Óscar , Barbosa-Liz Diana María , Carvajal Álvaro , Plaza-Ruiz Sonia Patricia 
Published: April 2019

Introducción: Este estudio observacional de corte transversal fue realizado con el fin de determinar el tiempo de tratamiento y los factores que pueden afectarlo en los pacientes finalizados en el programa de posgrado de ortodoncia de la Universidad de Antioquia. Métodos: Los datos fueron obtenidos de las historias clínicas, radiografías panorámicas y modelos finales de 40 pacientes (21 mujeres y 19 hombres) con edad promedio de 15.97 años (± 5.79), que cumplieron los criterios de selección. Se estudiaron variables administrativas como número de citas cumplidas en total, numero de citas cumplidas por año de tratamiento, numero de citas incumplidas en total, numero de meses totales de tratamiento, numero de meses efectivos de tratamiento, número de docentes, número de residentes que atendieron a los pacientes y porcentaje de planeación de cita y variables clínicas como edad, complejidad de la maloclusión, calidad de la finalización del tratamiento, exodoncias y numero de reparaciones. Resultados: Se encontró un tiempo promedio de tratamiento de 55.5 meses (± 22.2). El tiempo de tratamiento en los pacientes con exodoncias fue significativamente mayor (p=0.0231) comparado con los que no se les realizaron exodoncias. Un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple explico el 59% de la variabilidad e identifico cuatro variables significativas, dos administrativas (número de citas incumplidas y número de docentes) y dos clínicas (número de reparaciones y calidad de finalización). Conclusiones: Algunos factores administrativos y clínicos afectan el tiempo de tratamiento de manera significativa y el alargar excesivamente el tiempo de tratamiento, puede empeorar los resultados clínicos estáticos obtenidos.
Conocimiento, actitudes y experiencia respecto a trauma dental en estudiantes de odontología en Cartagena Colombia
Authors: Lora-Salgado Irene Margarita , Tirado-Amador Lesbia Rosa , Vargas-Quiroga Edgar Daniel , Barcha-Barreto Demetrio , Lombana-Ortiz Leidy , Ramírez-Pattigno Mariangélica , Estrada-Martínez Aníbal , Ortiz-Brun German 
Published: April 2019

Introducción. Los traumatismos dentales constituyen uno de los motivos de consulta odontológica. Se presentan con frecuencia en niños y jóvenes, provocando impacto social y psicológico. Diversos estudios centran su interés en el conocimiento existente en padres, maestros y dentistas generales, sin embargo en estudiantes de odontología no se dispone de mucha información. Por esto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento, actitudes y experiencia en la atención del trauma dental en estudiantes de una Escuela Universitaria Privada en Cartagena, Colombia. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en estudiantes de último año, por medio de un cuestionario de auto-reporte anónimo.Los datos fueron procesados y analizados con el programa Stata v.13.2. Utilizando estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariado a través de pruebas χ2. Resultados. La muestra fueron 45 sujetos, con edad promedio 23,3 ±1,94 años. El nivel conocimiento fue aceptable en 64,4% de los estudiantes, asimismo los estudiantes que forman parte de este porcentaje presentan un escaso conocimiento en fractura alveolar, luxación intrusiva con fistula supurante, luxación intrusiva y lateral y de acuerdo a la severidad del trauma. Las actitudes fueron desfavorable en 82% de los estudiantes y el 95% no han cursado con casos de traumatismos dentales. No se reportó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre variables de estudio. Conclusión. Aunque el nivel de conocimiento respecto a trauma dental en los sujetos de estudio es aceptable y es notoria la poca experiencia clínica en su tratamiento, es compromiso de la Escuela de odontología el propender desde la academia por fortalecer las competencias en la atención de este tipo de situaciones clínicas.