bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase and Majorana zero mode chain in bilayer superconducting topological insulator films
Authors: Hu Lun-Hui , Liu Chao-Xing , Zhang Fu-Chun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTopological superconductors possess a bulk superconducting gap and boundary gapless excitations, known as “Majorana fermion”. Search for new systems with topological superconductivity is of fundamental and application importance due to the potential application of Majorana fermions in topological quantum computation. Here we show that the Larkin-Ovchinnikov superconducting phase with a finite momentum pairing can emerge in a model of bilayer superconducting topological insulator films, in which superconductivity appears for both the top and bottom surface states, and can be topologically non-trivial. This “topological Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase” is induced by an in-plane magnetic field and possesses a Majorana mode chain along the edge perpendicular to the in-plane magnetic field direction due to its non-trivial $${\Bbb Z}_2$$

Z

2

topological nature. Our theoretical model can be naturally realized in superconductor/topological insulator sandwich structure or in Fe(Te, Se) film, a topological material with superconductivity, and thus provides a route to explore unconventional superconductivity in existing systems.
Anatomical Study of the Facial Recess with Implications in Round Window Visibility for Cochlear Implantation: Personal Observations and Review of the Literature
Authors: Jain Shraddha , Deshmukh PT , Lakhotia Pooja , Kalambe Sanika , Chandravanshi Deepshikha , Khatri Mohnish 
Published: March 2019

Introduction Posterior tympanotomy through facial recess (FR) is the conventional and most preferred approach to facilitate cochlear implantation, especially when the electrode is inserted through the round window. The complications of the FR approach can be minimized by proper understanding of the anatomy of the FR.
Objective The present study was undertaken to assess the various parameters of FR and round window visibility, which may be of relevance for cochlear implant surgery.
Methods Thirty-five normal wet human cadaveric temporal bones were studied by dissection for anatomy of FR and posterior tympanum. Photographs were taken with an 18 megapixels digital camera, which were then imported to a computer to determine various parameters.
Results The mean distance from the take-off point/crotch of the chorda tympani nerve (CTN) to the stylomastoid foramen was 4.08 ± 0.8 mm (range of 2.06 - 5.5 mm). The variations in the course of the CTN included origin at the level of the lateral semicircular canal. The mean chorda-facial angle in our study was 26.91° ± 1.19°, with a range of 25° to 28.69°. The mean FR length ranged between 9.4 mm and 18.56 mm (mean of 12.41 ± 2.91mm) and varied with the origin of the CTN and pneumatization of temporal bone. The average maximum width of the FR was 2.93 ± 0.4 mm (range 2.24–3.45 mm) and the mean width of the FR at the level of the round window was 2.65 ± 0.41 mm.
Conclusion The FR approach provides good access to the round window membrane in all cases. In some cases, table adjustment is required.
Super-resolution Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Delineating the Facial Nerve in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Epprecht Lorenz , Kozin Elliott D. , Piccirelli Marco , Kanumuri Vivek V. , Tarabichi Osama , Remenschneider Aaron , Barker Frederick G. , McKenna Michael J. , Huber Alexander M. , Cunnane Marybeth E. , Reinshagen Katherine L. , Lee Daniel J. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives Predicting the course of cranial nerves (CNs) VII and VIII in the cerebellopontine angle on preoperative imaging for vestibular schwannoma (VS) may help guide surgical resection and reduce complications. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging dMRI is commonly used for this purpose, but is limited by its resolution. We investigate the use of super-resolution reconstruction (SRR), where several different dMRIs are combined into one dataset. We hypothesize that SRR improves the visualization of the CN VII and VIII.
Design Retrospective case review.
Setting Tertiary referral center. SRR was performed on the basis of axial and parasagittal single-shot epiplanar diffusion tensor imaging on a 3.0-tesla MRI scanner.
Participants Seventeen adult patients with suspected neoplasms of the lateral skull base.
Main Outcome Measures We assessed separability of the two distinct nerves on fractional anisotropy (FA) maps, the tractography of the nerves through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and FA in the CSF as a measure of noise.
Results SRR increases separability of the CN VII and VIII (16/17 vs. 0/17, p = 0.008). Mean FA of CSF surrounding the nerves is significantly lower in SRRs (0.07 ± 0.02 vs. 0.13 ± 0.03 [axial images]/0.14 ± 0.05 [parasagittal images], p = 0.00003/p = 0.00005). Combined scanning times (parasagittal and axial) used for SRR were shorter (8 minute 25 seconds) than a comparable high-resolution scan (15 minute 17 seconds).
Conclusion SRR improves the resolution of CN VII and VIII. The technique can be readily applied in the clinical setting, improving surgical counseling and planning in patients with VS.
En bloc Resection of Solitary Cranial Tumors: An Algorithmic Reconstructive Approach
Authors: Egeler Sabine , Johnson Anna , Wu Winona , Bucknor Alexandra , Chen Yen-Chou , Bayoumi Ahmed , Kasper Ekkehard 
Published: March 2019

Background This study analyzes the surgical outcomes for single setting surgeries involving en-bloc solitary calvarial tumor resection in combination with three-layered reconstruction, presenting a novel planning algorithm.
Methods Data were retrieved for all patients undergoing single-stage tumor excision, using our novel three-layered reconstructive approach (duraplasty, cranioplasty, and soft tissue reconstruction) between 2005 and 2017 at a single tertiary hospital center. Patients ≥18 years with a Karnofsky Performance score (KPS) >70 and a life expectancy of > 2 months were included. Patient characteristics, surgical specifics, histological diagnoses, outcomes, and complications were reviewed.
Results Eighteen single-staged excisions and three-layered reconstructions were performed. Seven patients presented with primary tumors and 11 patients with metastases. Mean age was 62 years. Mean follow-up time was 39 months. Primary closure was used in 12 of 18 patients, microvascular free flap with skin grafting in 4 of 18, and local advancement or rotational flap in 2 of 18. Two compromised free flaps were revised. There was no flap necrosis, skin graft failure, or wound infection observed in this series. Neurosurgical complications included two cases with seizures, one sublesional intraparenchymal hematoma, one adjacent parenchymal infarct, one case of delayed postradiation cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and one case of subdural hemorrhage.
Conclusion En-bloc excision followed by three-layered reconstruction is a feasible and often suitable single-stage technique for complex solitary metastasis or primary calvarial tumors, which historically have been challenging to treat. It can offer an alternative approach to primary and metastatic calvarial tumors other than palliative treatment or hospice care.
Rationale and Results for Fixed-Bearing Pivoting Designs in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Banks Scott A. , Deckard Evan , Hodge W. Andrew , Meneghini R. Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a maturing technology, and the focus for improvement centers on optimizing patient satisfaction and further reducing revisions. It is commonly assumed that achieving closer-to-normal knee mechanics in a TKA will result in further improvement in outcomes and revision rates. Fixed-bearing TKA designs with asymmetric pivoting articulations are designed to provide more natural joint stability and kinematics. These designs have been used for more than 20 years and there is a substantial body of literature characterizing their performance. This article reviews the various design types of fixed-bearing pivoting TKA designs, and recounts their clinical, functional, and patient-preference performance from peer-reviewed studies. To date, the evidence suggests there is measurable benefit to providing closer-to-normal joint stability and kinematics, and that fixed-bearing, pivoting TKA designs may decrease instability-related revisions and improve patient satisfaction.
Benign Pediatric Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions of the Hip
Authors: Miller Justin , Patel Jay , Gianakos Arianna , Hoskins Tyler , Goyette David , Wittig James 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHip pain in the pediatric population can be a challenging presenting complaint to assess. An extensive differential list, including the possibility of infection, transient conditions, and malignancy, results in numerous questions that can render diagnosis difficult. As clinicians, it is imperative that we have the ability to recognize, properly diagnose, and possibly treat the multitude of potential pediatric hip disorders. Here the authors present the incidence, characteristics, and treatment of various benign tumors and tumor-like conditions of the pediatric hip.
Infection by the parasitic helminthTrichinella spiralisactivates a Tas2r-mediated signaling pathway in intestinal tuft cells
Authors: Luo Xiao-Cui , Chen Zhen-Huang , Xue Jian-Bo , Zhao Dong-Xiao , Lu Chen , Li Yi-Hong , Li Song-Min , Du Ya-Wen , Liu Qun , Wang Ping , Liu Mingyuan , Huang Liquan 
Published: March 2019

SignificanceIntestinal tuft cells are sentinels monitoring the luminal contents and play a critical role in type 2 immunity. In this work,Trichinella spiralisexcretion–secretion and extract were shown to directly induce interleukin 25 (IL-25) release from the intestinal villi, evoke calcium responses in tuft cells, and activate Tas2r bitter-taste receptors, whereas the bitter compound salicin was shown to activate and induce tuft cells to release IL-25. Gα-gustducin/Gβ1γ13 and/or Gαo/Gβ1γ13, Plcβ2, Ip3r2, and Trpm5 comprise the signal transduction pathways that tuft cells utilize to initiate type 2 immune responses. Potentiation of Trpm5 by a natural sweet compound, stevioside, can enhance the tuft cell–ILC2 circuit’s activity, indicating that modulating these signaling components can help devise new means of combating parasites.
Recent applications of the MODIS sensor for soybean crop monitoring and deforestation detection in Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Authors: Chaves M. E. D. , Alves M. de C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The intensive and dynamic land-use and land-cover changes in Mato Grosso, Brazil, and the environmental costs of adopted agricultural practices over the years have attracted the attention of researchers and institutions. In order to evaluate these aspects, moderate resolution remote sensing data and techniques have been applied. Using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, compatible with the farm size and seasonal dynamic of Mato Grosso agriculture, it is possible to acquire data for a large coverage, repeatedly and freely. In the context of Mato Grosso, which is a large geographical area with dynamic processes operating at multiple scales, this sensor allows vegetation monitoring and seasonal detection of changes in canopy. This review paper presents the use of MODIS sensor data to improve soybean crop detection, yield prediction and deforestation monitoring in Mato Grosso over time. Different data from this sensor were collected over several years, especially vegetation indices, and a large number of methods were developed through the MODIS-derived information. The presented results show how the MODIS sensor was successfully applied to local and regional soybean crop and deforestation monitoring, offering new opportunities for land-cover mapping in Mato Grosso.
The Fourth Master Trope, Antithesis
Authors: Harris Randy Allen 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe Four Master Tropes—metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony—are a significant theme in the history of rhetoric, but this grouping is wrong in fundamental ways—irony is not a trope at all properly understood, and the bulk of the arguments in this tradition suggest, along with a few new ones of my own, that the fourth Master Trope should be antithesis.
Isocrates’Panphilosophicus: Reading thePanathenaicusas a Rapprochement with Academic Philosophy
Authors: Jasso John J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe Panathenaicus is often referred to as one of the weakest and most enigmatic of Isocrates’ orations. It has been criticized for lacking innovation, coherence, and rhetorical style. Furthermore, it concludes with a curious use of dialogue otherwise foreign to Isocrates. In this article, I read the dialogue alongside the apparently digressive proemium and argue not only for the speech’s internal unity, but for its creativity and intellectual complexity. I demonstrate how the Panthenaicus connects Isocrates’ Panhellenic project with his civic-minded paideia in a way that simultaneously identifies Academic philosophy and attempts to subordinate it to Isocratean philosophia.
The Weird, the Ontological, and the Normal
Authors: Strombeck Andrew 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Benjamin J. Robertson’s None of This Is Normal (2018) addresses the entire fictional project of the New Weird writer Jeff VanderMeer. In doing so, Robertson intervenes within recent discussions of new materialism, accounts of which have been entwined with the New Weird. Robertson finds VanderMeer querying the normalizing discourses of capitalism and colonialism, showing how the New Weird can serve as a site to extend and challenge the sometimes-limiting frameworks of the new materialisms. As its critics have shown, object-oriented ontology and other new materialisms risk reinforcing problems of primitivism and positivism. For Robertson, VanderMeer evades such problems by foregrounding the liberal, humanist frameworks marginalizing planet and colonized subject alike. Examining what he calls VanderMeer’s fantastic materiality, Robertson contends that VanderMeer supersedes what Darko Suvin calls cognitive estrangement; VanderMeer asks readers to encounter a world that is estranged but not cognitively recoverable. And yet, by reminding readers of VanderMeer’s poststructuralist attention to language and narrative, Robertson avoids the often-masculinist tendency to posit a primitive world beyond human cognition. None of This Is Normal will be useful to scholars interested in pushing past new materialism’s limits while retaining the field’s insights for questions of climate change and nonhuman agency.
Genome-wide association study reveals genomic regions controlling root and shoot traits at late growth stages in wheat
Authors: Li Long , Peng Zhi , Mao Xinguo , Wang Jingyi , Chang Xiaoping , Reynolds Matthew , Jing Ruilian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsRoot system morphology is important for sustainable agriculture, but the genetic basis of root traits and their relationship to shoot traits remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to dissect the genetic basis of root traits at late growth stages and its implications on shoot traits in wheat.MethodsAmong 323 wheat accessions, we investigated phenotypic differences in root traits at booting and mid-grain fill stages in PVC tubes, shoot traits including plant height (PH), canopy temperature (CT) and grain yield per plant (YPP) in a field experiment, and performed a genome-wide association study with a Wheat 660K SNP Array.Key ResultsDeep-rooted accessions had lower CT and higher YPP than those with shallow roots, but no significant relationship was identified between root dry weight and shoot traits. Ninety-three significantly associated loci (SALs) were detected by the mixed linear model, among which three were hub SALs (Co-6A, Co-6B and Co-6D) associated with root depth at both booting and mid-grain fill stages, as well as CT and YPP. Minirhizotron system scanning results suggested that the causal genes in the three SALs may regulate root elongation in the field. The heritable independence between root depth and PH was demonstrated by linkage disequilibrium analysis. The YPP was significantly higher in genotypes which combined favourable marker alleles (FMAs) for root depth and PH, suggesting that a deep root and shorter plant height are suitable traits for pyramiding target alleles by molecular marker-assisted breeding.ConclusionsThese results uncovered promising genomic regions for functional gene discovery of root traits in the late growth period, enhanced understanding of correlation between root and shoot traits, and will facilitate intensive study on root morphology and breeding through molecular design.
Informatively empty clusters with application to multigenerational studies
Authors: McGee Glen , Weisskopf Marc G , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna , Coull Brent A , Haneuse Sebastien 
Published: March 2019

SummaryExposures with multigenerational effects have profound implications for public health, affecting increasingly more people as the exposed population reproduces. Multigenerational studies, however, are susceptible to informative cluster size, occurring when the number of children to a mother (the cluster size) is related to their outcomes, given covariates. A natural question then arises: what if some women bear no children at all? The impact of these potentially informative empty clusters is currently unknown. This article first evaluates the performance of standard methods for informative cluster size when cluster size is permitted to be zero. We find that if the informative cluster size mechanism induces empty clusters, standard methods lead to biased estimates of target parameters. Joint models of outcome and size are capable of valid conditional inference as long as empty clusters are explicitly included in the analysis, but in practice empty clusters regularly go unacknowledged. In contrast, estimating equation approaches necessarily omit empty clusters and therefore yield biased estimates of marginal effects. To resolve this, we propose a joint marginalized approach that readily incorporates empty clusters and even in their absence permits more intuitive interpretations of population-averaged effects than do current methods. Competing methods are compared via simulation and in a study of the impact of in-utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol on the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among 106 198 children to 47 540 nurses from the Nurses Health Study.
Does Gender Affect the Number and Type of Charges Laid in Intimate Partner Violence Cases?
Authors: Bader Danielle , Dawson Myrna , Walters David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPro-charging policies were implemented in Canada in the 1980s to denounce intimate partner violence (IPV). Since pro-charging policies were implemented, the proportion of men charged remains higher than women charged; however, the proportion of women charged increased dramatically. Little is known about the gendered differences in charging decisions in IPV cases. Utilizing a sample of 1,708 accused charged in IPV cases, logistic regression was employed to examine the influence of accused gender on the number of charges laid and the type of primary offence accused were charged with. The findings reveal there are differences between male- and female-perpetrated violence or responses to their violence, requiring more investigation.
Comparison of wormlion behavior under man-made and natural shelters: urban wormlions more strongly prefer shaded, fine-sand microhabitats, construct larger pits and respond faster to prey
Authors: Samocha Yehonatan , Scharf Inon 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Urban habitats differ from their natural surroundings in various aspects, such as a higher temperature and a distinct species composition. It is therefore not surprising that animal behavior too differs between these habitat types. We studied the foraging and habitat selection behavior of a pit-building predator, a wormlion, originating from either an urban or a more natural site. Wormlions occur in nature under structures that provide shelter from sunlight and rain, such as caves, and are also common in cities, occurring under artificial shelters. Wormlions construct pit-traps to hunt arthropods, and the pits constructed by urban wormlions were larger than those constructed by wormlions from caves. Urban wormlions responded faster to prey falling into their pit, probably leading to a higher capture success. We suggest that these 2 findings indicate the higher investment of urban wormlions in foraging, resulting from the higher abundance of potential prey in the city. Urban wormlions were choosier regarding their preferred microhabitat. While both fine sand and shaded microhabitats were preferred by wormlions, urban wormlions demonstrated a greater preference for such conditions. We suggest that relocation is more likely to lead wormlions in cities to find microhabitats of a higher quality compared with wormlions inhabiting caves. This is probably due to the larger areas in the city available for wormlions. Wormlions from the caves possessed more lipids, suggesting that they employ a conservative growth strategy, intended to contend with the uncertainty of prey arrival, in contrast to the city, where potential prey are more abundant.
Oral anticoagulation among atrial fibrillation patients with anaemia: an observational cohort study
Authors: Bonde Anders Nissen , Blanche Paul , Staerk Laila , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Gundlund Anna , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Lip Gregory Y H , Hlatky Mark A , Olesen Jonas Bjerring 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the risk of stroke/thromboembolism (TE) and major bleeding associated with anaemia among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Also, to assess the effects of oral anticoagulation (OAC) and time in therapeutic range (TTR) with vitamin K antagonists according to level of haemoglobin (Hb).

Methods and results
Through administrative registry databases, we identified all Danish patients diagnosed with AF from 1997 to 2012. We included 18 734 AF patients with recent available data on Hb. Multiple Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios and to compute standardized absolute 1-year risks of stroke/TE and major bleeding. Among included patients, 3796 (20%) had mild anaemia (Hb 6.83–7.45 mmol/L for women and Hb 6.83–8.03 mmol/L for men) and 2562 (14%) had moderate/severe anaemia (Hb &lt;6.83 mmol/L). Moderate/severe anaemia was associated with increased risk of major bleeding and 9.1% lower median TTR compared with no anaemia. Use of OAC was associated with reduced risk of stroke/TE among patients without anaemia [standardized absolute 1-year difference −2.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −3.8 to −1.7%] or with mild anaemia (−2.3%, 95% CI −2.8 to −1.8%), but not with moderate/severe anaemia, (0.03%, −1.8 to +2.8%, interaction P = 0.01). Oral anticoagulation was associated with a 5.3% (95% CI 2.1–8.7%) increased standardized absolute risk of major bleeding among AF patients with moderate/severe anaemia.

Conclusion
Anaemia was common in patients with AF and associated with major bleeding and lower TTR. Oral anticoagulation was associated with more major bleeding, but no reduction in risk of stroke/TE among AF patients with moderate/severe anaemia.