bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of High Water-Cut in Tight Oil Reservoirs during Cyclic Gas Injection
Authors: Zhang Chi , Tian Ye , Shen Yizi , Yao Bowen , Wu Yu-Shu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTight oil production has increased dramatically and contributed to 61% of total US oil production in 2018. However, recovery factors for primary depletion with multistage fractured wells are low, typically less than 10%. Gas huff-n-puff emerges as a promising technique to push the recovery factor beyond 10% in tight oil reservoirs, based on laboratory studies, simulation and field pilot tests. A CO2 huff-n-puff pilot was implemented in the Midland Basin, and data collected demonstrated significant incremental oil recovery, but with higher than expected water-cut rise.To understand the excessive water production, a compositional model was built. Eight pseudo-components were used to match the PVT lab results of a typical oil sample in the Wolfcamp shale. A lab scale model was established in our simulator to match the results of gas huff-n-puff experiments in cores, where key parameters were identified and tuned. A half-stage model consisting of five fractures was built, where stress-dependent permeability was represented by compaction tables. Then a sensitivity analysis was conducted to understand the roles of different mechanisms behind the abnormal high water-cut phenomenon on this scale. Our simulation results have shown that initial water saturation, IFT-dependent relative permeability, reactivation of water-bearing layers, and re-opening of unpropped hydraulic fractures may all affect water-cut after gas injection. Among them, re-opening of unpropped hydraulic fractures was the most critical one.Data from a pilot test imply substantial water production after gas injection, which may impede oil production, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. A numerical model is developed to study possible mechanisms for high water-cut pilot results. This study also intends to quantify the impact of high water cut on cyclic gas injection.
A New Experimental Methodology to Investigate Water Adsorption Into Shale Under Stress Anisotropy Conditions
Authors: Liu Kerui , Sheng James J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The investigation of the effect of hydration swelling on induced fracture generation and the resulted permeability in shale has considerably expanded in recent years. However, only a few experiments under anisotropic compressive stress conditions have been done in this area. The experiment methodology that was presented in this paper can be used to study the effect of hydration swelling on fracture initiation and propagation, and the change of shale permeability under anisotropic compressive stress conditions. An artificial fracture through a core was created before the test to simulate the hydraulic fracture generated during the fracturing process. Distilled water was used to simulate the hydraulic fracturing fluid. A CT scanner was used to collect the CT images of fracture development. A digital pressure transducer was used to monitor the upstream pressure change, and the downstream pressure was kept at atmosphere pressure. We, for the first time, combined water adsorption, stress anisotropy conditions, and shale permeability change into one test. Five tests were conducted: three tests underwent stress anisotropy, and the other two tests employed stress isotropy. These tests were continuously exposed to working fluids at a constant flow rate. From the results, the increase in the apparent weight of cores showed that water could be adsorbed into shale samples during the tests. In shale samples with stress anisotropy conditions, fractures through the core were generated. More fractures were created under larger differential stress conditions. The upstream pressure decreased when fractures through the core were generated or particle detachment happened. The decrease in pressure indicates that hydration may be beneficial to shale permeability recovery. To differentiate the effect of hydration and stress anisotropy on fracture generation, one sequential imbibition test was conducted (oil, then water). Fractures can be generated if the imbibition fluid changed from oil to water. The results supported the previous result that hydration may induce fractures (Liu and Sheng, 2019). The experimental results show that this methodology is a practical way to study the effect of hydration on shale properties in the process of hydraulic fracturing.
Production Data Analysis of Fractured Horizontal Well with Considering Complex Fracture Networks: A Case Study
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Tang Xuefeng , Liao Xinwei , Zhang Jiali , Chen Haoshu , Liu Hui , Zhang Xingjiao 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The importance of evaluating and predicting the performance of producers cannot be emphasized too much, and their production performances can directly determine the economic feasibilities. What's more, production data analysis (PDA) can also be used to evaluate the geological information and give us good guidelines to develop the reservoirs. To comprehensively understand the performance of a multiple fractured horizontal well (MFHW) with complex fracture networks, a semi-analytical model for PDA are established to for Junggar Basin shale oil reservoir, based on the previous work (Tang et al. 2019). Furthermore, based on Blasingame type curve, the production performances of a MFHW is studied. To comprehensively understand what parameters can influence the different stages of production period, a series of sensitivity analyses have been done. Finally, we use this new production model to perform a type-curve matching and compare with the interpretation results getting from pressure transient analysis (PTA) method in a case from Junggar Basin, it is found that these two methods get almost the same results, which means that the proposed PDA model is reliable. The results show that production performances of a MFHW with complex fracture networks in a production decline curve can be divided into five flow regimes, including: (1) bilinear flow, (2) fluid support flow, (3) linear flow, (4) crossflow from matrix to natural fracture networks, and (5) radial flow. Results from sensitivity analysis show that with the increase of fracture networks scale, the holistic production rate will increase, and the influence of hydraulic fractures (HFs) are much greater than that of interconnected micro fractures (IMFs). It is also noted that the early period of the production behavior is mainly influenced by the density of the fracture networks while the later production behavior is dominated by the scale of the fracture networks.
The Molecular Mass and Isoelectric Point of Plant Proteomes
Authors: Mohanta Tapan Kumar Kumar , Khan Abdulatif , Hashem Abeer , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi , Al-Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
Cell contain diverse array of proteins with different molecular weight and isoelectric point (pI). The molecular weight and pI of protein play important role in determining the molecular biochemical function. Therefore, it was important to understand the detail regarding the molecular weight and pI of the plant proteins.
Results
A proteome-wide analysis of plant proteomes from 145 species revealed a pI range of 1.99 (epsin) to 13.96 (hypothetical protein). The spectrum of molecular mass of the plant proteins varied from 0.54 to 2236.8 kDa. A putative Type-I polyketide synthase (22244 amino acids) in Volvox carteri was found to be the largest protein in the plant kingdom. However, Type-I polyketide synthase was not found in higher plant species. Titin (806.46 kDa) and misin/midasin (730.02 kDa) were the largest proteins identified in higher plant species. The pI and molecular weight of the plant proteins showed a trimodal distribution. An acidic pI (56.44% of proteins) was found to be predominant over a basic pI (43.34% of proteins) and the abundance of acidic pI proteins was higher in unicellular algae species relative to multicellular higher plants. In contrast, the seaweed, Porphyra umbilicalis, possesses a higher proportion of basic pI proteins (70.09%). Plant proteomes were also found to contain selenocysteine (Sec), amino acid that was found only in lower eukaryotic aquatic plant lineage. Amino acid composition analysis showed Leu was high and Trp was low abundant amino acids in the plant proteome. Additionally, the plant proteomes also possess ambiguous amino acids Xaa (unknown), Asx (asparagine or aspartic acid), Glx (glutamine or glutamic acid), and Xle (leucine or isoleucine) as well.
Conclusion
The diverse molecular weight and isoelectric point range of plant proteome will be helpful to understand their biochemical and functional aspects. The presence of selenocysteine proteins in lower eukaryotic organism is of interest and their expression in higher plant system can help us to understand their functional role.
Genome-wide characterization and evolutionary analysis of heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) to reveal their potential role under abiotic stresses in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Tang Mingjia , Xu Liang , Wang Yan , Cheng Wanwan , Luo Xiaobo , Xie Yang , Fan Lianxue , Liu Liwang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Abiotic stresses due to climate change pose a great threat to crop production. Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are vital regulators that play key roles in protecting plants against various abiotic stresses. Therefore, the identification and characterization of HSFs is imperative to dissect the mechanism responsible for plant stress responses. Although the HSF gene family has been extensively studied in several plant species, its characterization, evolutionary history and expression patterns in the radish (Raphanus sativus L.) remain limited. Results In this study, 33 RsHSF genes were obtained from the radish genome, which were classified into three main groups and 12 subgroups based on HSF protein domain structure. Chromosomal localization analysis revealed that 28 of 33 RsHSF genes were located on nine chromosomes, and 10 duplicated RsHSF genes were grouped into eight gene pairs by whole genome duplication (WGD). Moreover, there were 23 or 9 pairs of orthologous HSFs were identified between radish and Arabidopsis or rice, respectively. Comparative analysis revealed a close relationship among radish, Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis. RNA-seq data showed that eight RsHSF genes, including RsHSF-03, were highly expressed in the leaf, root, cortex, cambium and xylem, results that these genes might be involved in plant growth and development. Further, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) indicated that the expression patterns of 12 RsHSF genes varied upon exposure to different abiotic stresses, including heat, salt, and heavy metals. This data indicated that the RsHSFs may be involved in abiotic stress response. Conclusions These results could provide fundamental insights into the characteristics and evolution of the HSF family and facilitate further dissection of the molecular mechanism responsible for radish abiotic stress responses.
Nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum detected using computed tomography: A retrospective study
Authors: Adachi Wataru , Matsushita Tomohito , Yashiro Yasuaki , Imura Jiro , Shiozawa Hideki , Kishimoto Kyo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
Although several cases with pneumoperitoneum that does not require surgical intervention (nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum) have been reported, the characteristics of such cases remain unclear. The accurate diagnosis of nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum could minimize unnecessary surgery. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical and radiological characteristics of cases with nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum detected using computed tomography.
Methods
This retrospective study was conducted at a single center. A total of 18513 abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans obtained between January 2010 and February 2017 were examined for pneumoperitoneum. Medical records of cases testing positive for extraluminal free air were analyzed.
Results
Extraluminal free air was detected in 254 examinations of 182 cases. Out of 88 examinations of 86 cases excluding iatrogenic air, colorectal perforation was the most common cause of extraluminal free air. Nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum was recognized in 25 examinations of 23 cases, and was the second most frequent. The frequency of nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum was 0.14% in all abdominal CT examinations. Most nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum cases did not exhibit severe general conditions, peritoneal signs, or leukocytosis. CT findings of bowel wall discontinuity, segmental bowel-wall thickening, perivisceral fat stranding, and abscess were not observed. Fluid collection was present in 8 of 23 cases, and the estimated volume of fluid collection was small. Pneumatosis intestinalis was simultaneously observed in 20 of 23 cases. No significant differences in the maximum diameter of intraperitoneal free air were observed between the grades of pneumatosis intestinalis (p=0.999). Follow-up CT examination, which was performed within 7 days after the detection of nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum, showed that the pneumatosis intestinalis and/or extraluminal free air often disappeared in a short time.
Conclusions
Nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum was common. The cause of extraluminal free air was pneumatosis intestinalis in most cases. Well-maintained general and local conditions and normal laboratory data were the clinical characteristics. The absence of CT findings indicative of peritonitis, little fluid collection, if any, and the presence of pneumatosis intestinalis were the radiological characteristics.
What will it take? Using an Implementation Research Framework to Identify Facilitators and Barriers in Implementing a School-Based Referral System for Sexual Health Services
Authors: Leung Emily , Wanner Kathryn J. , Senter Lindsay , Brown Amanda , Middleton Dawn 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background:Across the United States (U.S.), sexually-transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy rates are alarmingly high among youth. Schools play a critical role in improving access to sexual health services (SHS) due to their proximity and access to youth. Schools can increase student access to services by creating referral systems (RS) to link students to school- and community-based SHS. From 2013-2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Division of Adolescent and School Health funded 17 Local Education Agencies (LEA) to partner with priority schools, and other stakeholders, to develop and implement RS to increase student access to SHS. CAI served as the Technical Assistance Center, providing capacity building to the LEA. CAI conducted a case study at two large urban LEA to elucidate factors that influence RS implementation in 2016-2017.

Methods:This mixed-methods case study included interviewing and surveying 19 LEA and community-based healthcare (CBH) staff in the Southeastern (n=9) and Western U.S. (n=10). Key constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) framework guided the methodology and analysis. Consensus qualitative research coding methods were applied to the interviews. We also distributed a quantitative survey to collect participants’ perceived difficulty in implementing and sustaining RS; data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:Interviewees reported strong beliefs that school-based RS can help students achieve better academic outcomes. We identified several contextual key factors across the five CFIR domains that influenced successful implementation and integration of an RS including: enforcing state and district policies, strong LEA and CBH collaboration, positive school culture towards adolescent health, knowledgeable and supportive staff, leveraging of existing resources and staffing structures, and influential district and school building-level leadership and champions. Notably, this case study challenged our initial assumptions that RS are easily implemented in states with comprehensive SHS policies. Rather, our conversations revealed how districts and local-level policies have significant influence to either impede or promote those policies.

Conclusions:Using an implementation science lens, this study describes key contextual factors and lessons learned to implementing an RS. Other schools may wish to consider these influencing factors to optimize integration of RS-related evidence-based practices, systems, and policies in their districts.
A Long Survival of III-IVb Stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with IMRT with or without Nimotuzumab: a Propensity Score-matched Analysis
Authors: Zhi-Qiang Wang , Qi Mei , Ji-Bin Li , Rui You , You-Ping Liu , Rui Sun , Guang-Yuan Hu , Ming-Yuan Chen , Hua Yijun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Backgrounds: To assess the efficacy of Nimotuzumab in combination with first-line treatment of chemoradiotherapy of Chinese patients with primary III-IVb stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: Patients with primary locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent Cisplatin-based chemotherapy between January, 2008 and December, 2013 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Group A received at least 6 doses of Nimotuzumab; Group B did not received Nimotuzumab. A propensity score matching method was used to match patients from each group in a 1:3 ratio. Results: In total, 730 eligible patients were propensity-matched, with 184 patients in Group A and 546 in Group B. There were no significant differences in patient and tumor characteristics between Group A and Group B. At a median follow-up of 74.78 months (range 3.53–117.83 months), locoregional recurrence, distant failure and death were observed in 10.68%, 11.10% and 16.03% of all patients, respectively. Estimated 5-year locoregional relapse–free survival, distant metastasis–free survival, progression-free survival and overall survival in the Group A versus Group B were: 85.34% versus 89.79% (P=0.156), 93.09% versus 85.61% (P = 0.012), 79.96% versus 77.99% (P = 0.117) and 88.91% versus 78.30% (P=0.006), respectively. Conclusions: This nimotuzumab-containing regimen resulted in a better long-term survival in III-IVb stage NPC patients, and warrants further prospective evaluation.
Disparities in survival for elders with disabilities: implication for long-term care insurance Disparities in survival for elders with disabilities
Authors: Chen Cynthia , Lim Jue Tao , Chia Ngee Choon , Wang Lijia , Chong Ming Zhe , Cheong Angela , Fong Ngan Phoon , Tan Boon Yeow , Menon Edward , Ee Chye Hua , Lee Kok Keng , Chan Kin Ming , Ma Stefan , Tan Kelvin Bryan , Koh Gerald CH 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Singapore is ageing rapidly and has one of the longest life expectancies in the World. Long-term care also represents one of the largest financial risks of the elderly. ElderShield, a long-term care insurance scheme provides payouts up to six years for elders with severe disability - having three or more ADL disabilities. The six years coverage might be insufficient due to increases in the duration of disability and longer life expectancy.

Methods

In this paper, we studied all elders admitted to community hospitals in Singapore from 1996 to 2005, linked with national death records until December 2011. We modelled their survival risk after discharge from community hospitals using Cox proportional-hazards regression, taking into account ADL disability, health status and other socio-demographic covariates.

Results

Individuals with higher ADL disability counts have a higher hazard ratio (HR: 1.28,1.74,1.95 for mild, moderate and severe disability respectively compared to those with no disability), males had a higher hazard ratio compared to females (HR:1.40), older age (HR:1.87), being in a higher subsidy ward class (HR: 1.09 and 1.12 for moderate and high subsidy respectively compared to no/low subsidy) and had greater comorbidity burden (HR: 1.17, 1.14, 1.39 for mild, moderate and severe comorbidity burden respectively compared to those with no comorbidity burden). We also found that survival probabilities for individuals with two disabilities were not statistically different from those with 3+ ADL disabilities. In addition, more elders with severe disability were living longer than six years.

Conclusions

This has implications on long-term care policies in the context of ElderShield, as the disability insurance use severe ADL disabilities as the qualifying criteria for payout, capped at six years. While the CareShield Life Plan achieves more coverage than ElderShield, the payment into the plan also increases. Nevertheless, ensuring fiscal sustainability and affordable premium is challenging for any government, especially with Singapore’s rapidly ageing demography. We conclude that the expansion of coverage from six years to life is timely as Singaporeans are living longer with ADL disability. These payouts will be helpful for the disabled elders and their family, protecting them against some financial risk.
Follow-up of a cohort of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis for 1 year
Authors: Mateus Simone Paulo , Salles Raquel Esteves Brandão , Costa Walter , Costa Claudia Henrique da , Lopes Agnaldo José , Tura Bernardo Rangel , Rufino Rogerio 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) leads to progressive damage that may limit a patient’s daily activities and modify his/her quality of life. Our objective was to evaluate the quality of life of patients with bronchiectasis during a 1 year follow-up using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire.
Methods: A total of 100 patients with NCFB were recruited and followed-up with face-to-face visits or by telephone contact every three months for 1 year. At the time of recruiting and at the end of 1 year, the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire was applied to evaluate the patients’ quality of life. Variables, such as exacerbation, emergency care, comorbidities, hemoptysis, colonization, and hospitalization were assessed.
Results: Of the 100 patients, 99 patients completed the study and 72% were women. There were no marked limitations in the mobility and self-care domains during the follow-up. Thirty-two patients were extremely anxious or depressed at the end of the follow-up. The quality of life assessed using EQ-5D-3L had an initial mean score of 0.545 and of 0.589 after 1 year, which was statistically significant (p= 0.011).
Conclusion: Patients with NCFB have a poor quality of life and the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire may be a tool for monitoring patients with bronchiectasis.