bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the inhibitory mechanism of Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) bioactive compounds for rheumatoid arthritis: an in vitro and computational approach
Authors: Sharif Maria , John Peter , Bhatti Attya , Paracha Rehan Zafar , Majeed Abid 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial infiltration and pannus formation, and its rising incidence is significantly contributing to the global disability rate. Despite advances in biological drugs, no treatment has successfully cured or averted its progression. Consequently, natural drugs are being explored as alternative therapeutic strategies.ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) and to identify its bioactive compounds to assess their effectiveness against RA targets.MethodsThe therapeutic potential of P. glaucum extracts was evaluated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized to identify the compounds in P. glaucum extract. The pharmacokinetics and safety profile of these compounds were studied by absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation were employed to identify the active compounds and their therapeutic targets in P. glaucum for RA treatment.ResultsAcidified methanol (AM) extract of P. glaucum showed the highest phenolic (213 ± 0.008 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid content (138.1 ± 0.03 mg RE/g DW), demonstrating significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. GC-MS of AM extract identified 223 compounds. Lipinski and toxicity parameters screened out 17 compounds. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis shortlisted 20 key targets in RA pathways, nine of which were upregulated in five microarray datasets. Molecular docking and MD simulations revealed that compound-7 (benzenesulfonamide, 2-nitro-N-phenyl-) and compound-9 (Pregnane-3,20-diamine, (3.beta.,5.alpha.,20S)-) bind strongly with MMP9, JAK2, PTGS2, and HIF1a compared to the reference, predicting stable interaction with these upregulated genes. Finally, PASS (prediction of activity spectra for biological active substances) analysis further validated the anti-arthritic potential of these compounds based on their chemical structure.ConclusionThis study uncovered a therapeutic drug candidate against HIF1a, MMP9, JAK2, and PTGS2 for RA from P. glaucum active compounds, laying the groundwork for future research.
Sexual violence and rape among young migrants in Sweden: a cross-sectional study on prevalence, determinants, perpetrators, and reporting patterns
Authors: Baroudi Mazen , Nkulu Kalengayi Faustine Kyungu 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundYoung migrants are particularly vulnerable to SV (SV) due to their age and the challenges of migration. However, there is limited knowledge regarding SV among young migrants in Sweden. This study aims to assess the prevalence, determinants, perpetrators, and reporting patterns of SV and rape.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2018 survey on migrants’ sexual and reproductive health and rights, involving 1773 migrants aged 16–29. We estimated prevalence rates and calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using descriptive and log-binomial regression analyses.ResultsThe overall prevalence of SV was 25.1%, with rape at 9%. Higher SV prevalence were reported by non-binary individuals (APR: 2.60, CI: 1.54 to 4.38), Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Asexual (LGBA) individuals (APR: 1.56, CI: 1.22 to 2.01), those with 10–12 years (APR: 1.35, CI: 1.04 to 1.74) and over 12 years of education (APR: 1.61, CI: 1.23 to 2.11), and migrants awaiting asylum decisions (APR: 1.67, CI: 1.25 to 2.23). Rape prevalence was higher among those born in non-conflict settings (APR: 2.38, CI: 1.43 to 3.97), non-binary individuals (APR: 3.32, CI: 1.35 to 8.18), and LGBA individuals (APR: 1.68, CI: 1.02 to 2.75). Although men reported higher SV and rape levels than women in descriptive and bivariate analyses, these differences were not significant in multivariate analyses. Perpetrators included strangers (46.3%), partners (24.8%), family/friends (15.8%), and colleagues (15.4%). Most survivors did not report SV (63.7%) but confided in friends/relatives (29%) and trusted individuals like teachers/counselors (9.5%), with fewer reporting to authorities (3.4%).ConclusionThe findings urge policymakers to prioritize targeted interventions, raise awareness, provide comprehensive support services tailored to the diverse needs of migrant groups, various perpetrator types, and the individual, systemic, and structural factors influencing reporting behaviors. These initiatives should adopt a migration-trajectory approach that recognize that migrants may have experienced SV throughout their journey and consider the unique experiences and vulnerabilities of non-binary individuals, LGBA individuals, those with low education levels, and migrants without formal residence status, regardless of their origin.
Impact of Grazing Tibetan Pigs on Soil Quality
Authors: Wu Guoxin , Wang Haoqi , Duan Mengqi , Ze Licuo , Dong Shixiong , Zhang Huimin , Wang Kejun , Tan Zhankun , Shang Peng 
Published: November 2024

Pig manure, as an organic fertilizer, can significantly affect soil nutrient content, pH, and electrical conductivity. Moreover, the accumulation of heavy metals in pig manure and their potential ecological risks are also important concerns in soil management. Additionally, grazing systems may influence soil health and ecological balance by altering the soil microbial community structure. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of grazing Tibetan pigs on soil quality, focusing on the physicochemical properties, heavy metal accumulation, and microbial diversity. In the surface soil after grazing (GS0), pH, EC, AP, and AK were significantly higher than before grazing (NS0) (p < 0.05), while AN showed no significant difference. In the 10 cm soil layer, pH, EC, AK, and AN in GS10 were significantly higher than in NS10 (p < 0.05), whereas AP was significantly lower (p < 0.05). At the 20 cm depth, pH, EC, AP, and AK in GS20 were significantly higher than in NS20 (p < 0.05), but AN was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Overall, AN, AP, and AK decreased with increasing soil depth, while pH and EC showed no significant changes between the 10 cm and 20 cm layers (p > 0.05). In GS0 soil, the contents of Cd(II) and Zn(II) were significantly lower than those in NS0 (p < 0.05), while Pb(II) content was significantly higher (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in Cu(II), Ni(II), Cr(VI), As(V), and Hg(II) (p > 0.05). In GS10 soil, Ni and Pb(II) contents were higher, whereas Cu(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II) contents were lower. In GS20 soil, Pb(II) and Cr(VI) contents were higher, while Cu(II) and Zn(II) contents were lower. Overall, GS had consistently lower Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II) contents at all depths compared to NS, while Pb(II) and Cr(VI) contents were higher, showing depth-related variation trends, possibly due to plant absorption and heavy metal leaching. Probiotics such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Acinetobacter increased significantly in soil, resulting in changes in the soil bacterial community.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MODELLING THE HEALTH-DEVELOPING ENVIRONMENT OF A MODERN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Dudko S. 
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the methodological bases of modeling the health-developing environment of a modern educational institution and the implementation of health-saving educational technologies in general secondary educational institutions, especially in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. By evaluating the works of N. Beseda, O. Vashchenko, N. Makarenko, N. Polishchuk, L. Romanenko, and L. Rybalko, the key functions of these technologies, such as formative, informational and communicative, diagnostic, adaptive, reflective, and integrative, are identified and classified into medical and hygienic, physical culture and health, environmental and recreational, safety and health development, each of which has its specific methods and forms of implementation. Scientific approaches are considered, including systemic, activity, competence, integrative, environmental, and personal, reflecting different aspects of health promotion in the educational process.
Emphasis is placed on the latest technology, such as safety lessons for students in grades 5-6, which ensure the formation of responsibility for health and safety, mastering the basics of safe behavior in emergencies, and improving life skills. The methodological features of safety lessons, which include active teaching methods, group work, situational tasks, and the use of didactic games, are considered.
The article describes the arrangement of safety classes as centers of health-saving educational technologies, in particular, their equipment with modern multimedia tools for conducting training sessions. The considered approaches and methods have been implemented in the educational process of the general secondary schools of Poltava city and Poltava region, which confirms their effectiveness in ensuring the safety and health of students under martial law. The technologies and developed educational and methodological materials that have been comprehensively used to implement the author’s logical and functional model in the general secondary education institutions of Poltava city and Poltava region are described.
مؤسسات التّعليم الْعالي بالجزائر ودورها الدّاعم للابتكار وريادة الأعمال
Authors: Safi Fatiha , Beldjilali Fatiha 
Published: November 2024

تسعى الدراسة إلى التعرف على مدى اسهام مؤسسات التعليم العالي في دعم الابتكار وريادة الأعمال وخلق مشاريع ريادية، وكذا تبيان أهم الاستراتيجيات المتبناة من طرف الدولة الجزائرية لتجعل من هذه المؤسسات منطلقا للإبداع والابتكار والقرار الوزاري 1275 كأهمها.
وتوصلت النتائج إلى أن هذا القرار خلق دينامكية في وسط مؤسسات التعليم العالي ولاقى ترحيب الأساتذة والطلبة، بحيث تم اعداد مئات المذكرات في اطاره ومناقشة العشرات منها، ولا تزال المئات منها في طور الإنجاز كما أن اللجنة المنشأة من خلاله والمتمثلة في اللجنة الوطنية التنسيقية لمتابعة الابتكار وحاضنات الأعمال الجامعية حققت مهامها المنشودة والمتمثلة في التكوين والمرافقة وكذا تمكنت مبادرة تحدي الابتكار من العصف بالأفكار المتميزة، وإشعال حمى التنافس بين الطلبة، لذلك على الجهات المعنية محاولة التقليل من مخاوف الطلبة اتجاه طرح الفكرة وإعداد المذكرة التي ستحول إلى مؤسسة ناشئة خصوصا وأن المدة الزمنية المخصصة لذلك هي بضع أشهر، و إعطاء فرصة لطلبة السنوات الأخرى لطرح أفكارهم وإشراكهم في اعداد المشاريع الريادية من خلال البحوث ومخططات الأعمال.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Inaugural Speech of Trump and its Perception by the American Society
Authors: Yousfi Adnane , Mouhadjer Noreddine 
Published: November 2024

This article provides an analysis of Donald Trump's inauguration speech in 2017, employing an approach of critical discourse. Applying Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as a theoretical foundation, this analysis investigates the linguistic features, discourse strategies, and thematic elements manifested in the given speech. The article posits that the speech delivered by Trump served as a potent instrument for attacking the entirety of the political establishment within the United States. This exemplifies the various methods by which language can be employed to sway and exert influence over the general populace, as well as to contest prevailing power dynamics. The analysis further emphasizes the need to employ critical discourse analysis as a means of comprehending the manners in which language is employed to influence power dynamics and social change.
Variações anatômicas do nervo alveolar inferior
Authors: Santos Karly Kazue Sasahara dos , Rêgo Amanda Braga , Ferreira Filho Mario Jorge Souza , Fonseca Tiago Silva da 
Published: November 2024

No âmbito da odontologia, o bloqueio do nervo alveolar inferior é um dos mais utilizados; no entanto, vários estudos tem mostrado as mais altas taxas de fracasso, as quais, normalmente, tem como motivo a falha na observação da posição, da forma e da anatomia dos nervos. Objetivo: descrever as variações anatômicas do nervo alveolar inferior. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo revisão integrativa com o intuito de identificar a produção cientifica e seus principais resultados relacionados ao tema. A pesquisa foi conduzida utilizando bases de dados digitais de artigos científicos, incluindo PubMed, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Conclusão: É importante para o profissional odontólogo, ter o conhecimento da anatomia do nervo alveolar inferior e suas variações, jpa que é o principal bloqueio realizado em suas práticas cirúrgicas.
Essential Regulation of YAP1 in Fate Determinations of Spermatogonial Stem Cells and Male Fertility by Interacting with RAD21 and Targeting NEDD4 in Humans and Mice
Authors: Li Chunyun , Chen Wei , Cui Yinghong , Zhang Dong , Yuan Qingqing , Yu Xing , He Zuping 
Published: November 2024

Spermatogenesis is a sophisticated biological process by which spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) undergo self-renewal and differentiation into spermatozoa. Molecular mechanisms underlying fate determinations of human SSCs by key genes and signaling pathways remain elusive. Here, we report for the first time that Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) is required for fate determinations of SSCs and male fertility by interacting with RAD21 and targeting NEDD4 in humans and mice. YAP1 was mainly located at cell nuclei of human SSCs. YAP1 silencing resulted in the decreases in proliferation and DNA synthesis as well as an enhancement in apoptosis of human SSCs both in vivo and in vitro. RNA sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays identified NEDD4 as a target of YAP1, and NEDD4 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of human SSCs and increased their apoptosis. Furthermore, YAP1 interacted with RAD21 to regulate NEDD4 transcription in human SSCs. Importantly, YAP1 abnormalities were found to be associated with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) as manifested as lower expression level of YAP1 in testicular tissues of NOA patients and
YAP1
single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 777 NOA patients. Finally,
Yap1
germline conditional knockout (cKO) mice assumed mitotic arrest, low sperm count, and motility. Collectively, these results highlight a critical role of YAP1 in determining the fate determinations of human SSCs and male infertility through the YAP1/RAD21/NEDD4 pathway. This study provides new insights into the genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying human spermatogenesis and the pathogenesis of NOA, and it offers new targets for gene therapy of male infertility.
Protein Phosphatase 2A Promotes CD8
+
T Cell Effector Function through the Augmentation of CD28 Costimulation
Authors: Zhu Kaixiang , Rohila Deepak , Zhao Yuanling , Shytikov Dmytro , Wu Lize , Zhao Fan , Hu Shurong , Xu Qin , Jin Xuexiao , Lu Linrong 
Published: November 2024

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant serine/threonine phosphatases and plays critical roles in regulating cell fate and function. We previously showed that PP2A regulates the differentiation of CD4
+
T cells and the development of thymocytes. Nevertheless, its role in CD8
+
T cells remains elusive. By ablating the catalytic subunit α (Cα) of PP2A in CD8
+
T cells, we revealed the essential role of PP2A in promoting the effector functions of CD8
+
T cells. Notably, PP2A Cα-deficient CD8
+
T cells exhibit reduced proliferation and decreased cytokine production upon stimulation in vitro. In vivo, mice lacking PP2A Cα in T cells displayed defective immune responses against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, associated with reduced CD8
+
T cell expansion and decreased cytokine production. Consistently, the ablation of the PP2A Cα subunit in CD8
+
T cells results in attenuated antitumor activity in mice. There is a notable decrease in the infiltration of PP2A Cα-deficient CD8
+
T cells within the tumor microenvironment, and the cells that do infiltrate exhibit diminished effector functions. Mechanistically, PP2A Cα deficiency impedes CD28-induced AKT Ser
473
phosphorylation, thus impairing CD8
+
T cell costimulation signal. Collectively, our findings underscore the critical role of phosphatase PP2A as a propeller for CD28-mediated costimulation signaling in CD8
+
T cell effector function by fine-tuning T cell activation.
Pola konsumsi makan dan minuman terhadap risiko obesitas remaja
Authors: Muharry Andy , Yogaswara Dadan , Annashr Nissa Noor 
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi obesitas anak dan remaja meningkat secara global, termasuk di Indonesia, yang kini menghadapi masalah gizi serius pada kelompok usia remaja. Obesitas remaja berdampak pada kesehatan jangka panjang, seperti munculnya penyakit tidak menular dan gangguan metabolik. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi hubungan pola konsumsi makan dan minuman terhadap obesitas remaja di Kecamatan Leuwisari, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya.Metode: Studi menggunakan pendekatan kasus-kontrol dengan 126 responden, terdiri dari 42 kasus obesitas dan 84 kontrol. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan pengukuran langsung, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik.Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa remaja yang sering mengonsumsi soft drink memiliki risiko 2,57 kali lebih tinggi mengalami obesitas (p=0,027), sedangkan konsumsi junk food meningkatkan risiko 2,8 kali (p=0,014). Rendahnya konsumsi sayur dan buah juga signifikan, dengan OR masing-masing 2,8 (p=0,014) dan 3,86 (p=0,001). Analisis multivariat menegaskan bahwa konsumsi buah adalah faktor paling dominan (OR=1,010, p=0,000).Kesimpulan: kebiasaan mengonsumsi soft drink, junk food, dan rendahnya konsumsi sayur dan buah berperan penting dalam peningkatan risiko obesitas pada remaja.
Demonstration and thermal reliability of an e-mode p-type hexagonal boron nitride gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Ge Mei , Li Yi , Zhu Youhua , Dong Kexiu , Tan Shuxin , Yu Chenhui , Chen Dunjun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this letter, we demonstrate an enhancement AlGaN/GaN HEMT with a p-type hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) gate. A major benefit of such a structure is that hBN has a larger bandgap and critical electric field than GaN, hence the proposed device exhibits a larger threshold voltage and gate breakdown compared with the conventional p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT. In addition, diagrams of p-hBN/AlGaN/GaN heterojunctions can be regulated by a higher Schottky barrier height with a p-hBN gate, leading to a better output performance. Moreover, better thermal reliability is obtained by the p-hBN gate device with smaller differences in electrical characteristics between room temperature (300 K) and substrate temperature of 320 K. This can be ascribed to the larger thermal conductivity of hBN, resulting in a much lower temperature in the channel.
Mitigating self-turn-on failures in scaled carrier stored trench IGBT: a focus on poly-Si resistivity
Authors: Gollapudi Srikanth , Omura Ichiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Scaled insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) show improvement in electrical performance, but their lower gate threshold voltage (V
ge(th)) causes self-turn-on issues during high dV
ce/dt or di
c/dt switching conditions. In this study, we examine a carrier stored trench bipolar transistor (CSTBT) with a split-gate design to address the self-turn-on issue in scaled IGBTs. The split-gate configuration, which reduces Miller capacitance, helps to overcome self-turn-on failures of scaled split-gate CSTBT; however, the issue remains when considering the resistivity of poly-Si in the split-gates into account. To address this, we propose a selective-split-gate CSTBT design that resolves self-turn-on problems, even when poly-Si resistivity is considered. TCAD (Technology Computer Aided Design) simulations show that the proposed design is very effective in preventing self-turn-on and improves V
ce(sat) by 24% compared to the scaled split-gate CSTBT.
Simulation of electron energy gain in inductively coupled plasmas driven at 13.56, 27.12, and 40.68 MHz under confronting divergent magnetic fields
Authors: Okazaki Ryota , Sugawara Hirotake 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Electron heating process in inductively coupled plasmas driven under confronting divergent magnetic fields is investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. Enhancement of the electron energy gain due to the partial resonance is demonstrated by adopting driving frequencies 27.12 and 40.68 MHz higher than the conventional 13.56 MHz. The present model reactor is arranged so that the regions of strong magnetic fields near a magnetic coil and high electric fields near the RF antenna overlap. In this configuration, with increasing driving frequency, the resonant region where the electron heating by the partial resonance occurs shifts to the region of strong magnetic and high electric fields. The enhanced electron heating observed at the higher driving frequencies indicates that the partial resonance occurs in a wider region including more electrons and under higher electric fields. The power deposition by the partial resonance exceeds the electron cooling effect of the strong magnetic fields.
Impact of residence time on bundle length distribution of carbon nanotubes in floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition synthesis
Authors: Kishibe Yoshiya , Fujimori Toshihiko , Jeong Samuel , Ito Yoshikazu , Fujita Jun-ichi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The synthesis of long carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is crucial for translating their exceptional nanoscale properties to macroscopic applications. In this study, we report the impact of residence time on the bundle length of CNTs synthesized using a floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition process. We analyzed the bundle length distribution of CNTs with the Schulz–Flory model, and found that CNT length increases with residence time up to a critical synthesis temperature. However, above this temperature, CNTs rapidly elongate, with the growth eventually plateauing. Further optimization of the carbon-to-catalytic iron molar ratio can enhance the bundle length.
Improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiencies of a half-photocell using electrodeposited poly(2,2′-bithiophene) through the incorporation of meso-tetra(3-thienyl)porphyrin and electrodeposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
Authors: Kanbe Kengo , Kumagawa Yu , Hirata Shuya , Oku Takeo , Akiyama Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Electrodeposited thin films of poly(tetrathienylporphyrin+bithiophene)/polyethylenedioxythiophene, polybithiophene/polyethylenedioxythiophene, and polybithiophene were prepared on indium tin oxide transparent electrodes by sequential electropolymerization. Their photochemical properties were evaluated using absorption and fluorescence spectra. These hierarchically structured film-modified electrodes were employed as working electrodes in a three-electrode electrochemical cell, which generated a cathodic photocurrent in the presence of C60 as a sacrificial electron acceptor. The cathodic photocurrent based on electron transfer from the polybithiophene film to C60 was improved by the insertion of polyethylenedioxythiophene between the polybithiophene film and the electrode. The photocurrent was also improved by incorporating tetrathieneylporphyrin into the polybithiophene film.