bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemotherapy by pulsed electromagnetic field treatment (PEMF) in mouse melanoma B16F10 in vivo
Authors: Kranjc Simona , Kranjc Matej , Scancar Janez , Jelenc Jure , Sersa Gregor , Miklavcic Damijan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) induces pulsed electric field, which presumably increases membrane permeabilization of the exposed cells, similar to the conventional electroporation. Thus, contactless PEMF could represent a promising approach for drug delivery.

Materials and methods
Noninvasive electroporation was performed by magnetic field pulse generator connected to an applicator consisting of round coil. Subcutaneous mouse B16F10 melanoma tumors were treated with intravenously injection of cisplatin (CDDP) (4 mg/kg), PEMF (480 bipolar pulses, at frequency of 80 Hz, pulse duration of 340 μs) or with the combination of both therapies (electrochemotherapy − PEMF + CDDP). Antitumor effectiveness of treatments was evaluated by tumor growth delay assay. In addition, the platinum (Pt) uptake in tumors and serum, as well as Pt bound to the DNA in the cells and Pt in the extracellular fraction were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Results
The antitumor effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with CDDP mediated by PEMF was comparable to the conventional electrochemotherapy with CDDP, with the induction of 2.3 days and 3.0 days tumor growth delay, respectively. The exposure of tumors to PEMF only, had no effect on tumor growth, as well as the injection of CDDP only. The antitumor effect in combined treatment was related to increased drug uptake into the electroporated tumor cells, demonstrated by increased amount of Pt bound to the DNA. Approximately 2-fold increase in cellular uptake of Pt was measured.

Conclusions
The obtained results in mouse melanoma model in vivo demonstrate the possible use of PEMF induced electroporation for biomedical applications, such as electrochemotherapy. The main advantages of electroporation mediated by PEMF are contactless and painless application, as well as effective electroporation compared to conventional electroporation.
Diffusion tensor MR microscopy of tissues with low diffusional anisotropy
Authors: Bajd Franci , Mattea Carlos , Stapf Siegfried , Sersa Igor 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Diffusion tensor imaging exploits preferential diffusional motion of water molecules residing within tissue compartments for assessment of tissue structural anisotropy. However, instrumentation and post-processing errors play an important role in determination of diffusion tensor elements. In the study, several experimental factors affecting accuracy of diffusion tensor determination were analyzed.

Materials and methods
Effects of signal-to-noise ratio and configuration of the applied diffusion-sensitizing gradients on fractional anisotropy bias were analyzed by means of numerical simulations. In addition, diffusion tensor magnetic resonance microscopy experiments were performed on a tap water phantom and bovine articular cartilage-on-bone samples to verify the simulation results.

Results
In both, the simulations and the experiments, the multivariate linear regression of the diffusion-tensor analysis yielded overestimated fractional anisotropy with low SNRs and with low numbers of applied diffusion-sensitizing gradients.

Conclusions
An increase of the apparent fractional anisotropy due to unfavorable experimental conditions can be overcome by applying a larger number of diffusion sensitizing gradients with small values of the condition number of the transformation matrix. This is in particular relevant in magnetic resonance microscopy, where imaging gradients are high and the signal-to-noise ratio is low.
A Simple Method for Assessing the Peak Friction Angle of Sand at Very Low Confining Pressures
Authors: Giampa Joseph R. , Bradshaw Aaron S. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article presents a simple experimental method that may be used to assess the peak friction angle of sand at very low effective confining pressures (i.e., &lt;10 kPa). Soil strength at very low confining pressures is important to a variety of geotechnical problems, including small-scale 1-g physical modeling and micro-gravity environments. It is often very difficult to assess friction angles at very low confining pressures in conventional element tests because some factors, such as specimen self-weight and machine friction, become significant. Currently, there are no published methods available to measure the peak friction angle of sands below a mean effective stress at failure of about 6 kPa. To address this need, a simple tilt test method is proposed that involves preparing a soil to a specified relative density within a steel mold and then tilting the mold to induce a shallow slope failure. Based on infinite slope analysis, the tilt angle at which the slope fails is equal to the peak friction angle. A modified stress-dilatancy relationship is also proposed that can be calibrated for a specific soil using a combination of tilt test and triaxial test data. This relationship can be used to predict peak friction and dilation angles over the low stress range.
Altered Cerebellar Short-Term Plasticity but No Change in Postsynaptic AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors in a Mouse Model of Juvenile Batten Disease
Authors: Studniarczyk Dorota , Needham Elizabeth L. , Mitchison Hannah M. , Farrant Mark , Cull-Candy Stuart G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractJuvenile Batten disease is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder of childhood. It is associated with mutations in theCLN3gene, causing loss of function of CLN3 protein and degeneration of cerebellar and retinal neurons. It has been proposed that changes in granule cell AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) contribute to the cerebellar dysfunction. In this study, we compared AMPAR properties and synaptic transmission in cerebellar granule cells from wild-type andCln3knock-out mice. InCln3Δex1–6cells, the amplitude of AMPA-evoked whole-cell currents was unchanged. Similarly, we found no change in the amplitude, kinetics, or rectification of synaptic currents evoked by individual quanta, or in their underlying single-channel conductance. We found no change in cerebellar expression of GluA2 or GluA4 protein. By contrast, we observed a reduced number of quantal events following mossy-fiber stimulation in Sr2+, altered short-term plasticity in conditions of reduced extracellular Ca2+, and reduced mossy fiber vesicle number. Thus, while our results suggest early presynaptic changes in theCln3Δex1–6mouse model of juvenile Batten disease, they reveal no evidence for altered postsynaptic AMPARs.
Innovation of Education and Educational Innovations in Conditions of Modern Higher Education Institution
Authors: Mykhailyshyn Halyna , Kondur Oksana , Serman Lesia 
Published: April 2018

The article describes the different approaches to the interpretation of educational innovations and innovations in education. The modern labor market requires graduates ability to operate such technologies and knowledge that meet the needs of the information society, prepare young people for new roles in this society.
It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts “educational innovations” and “innovations in education”. Innovation in education is a broader concept than educational innovation. They include educational, scientific and technological, infrastructural, economic, social, legal, administrative and other innovations. Educational innovations are understood as a procedure or method of educational activity that differs significantly from established practice and is used to increase the level of efficiency in a competitive environment. Educational innovations include pedagogical innovation, scientific and methodological innovation, educational and technological innovation. It is substantiated that the education market is one of the most important elements of the national innovation system. Higher education institutions that have chosen an innovation-based development, become competitive leaders on the education market. The formation of new forms of education and the use of perfect controlling mechanisms at each educational institution will give the opportunity to create single educational space, which is able to meet the needs of society in quality education with specific opportunities of customers in the educational market. The main components of the innovation development of higher education institutions are determined
Regulation of Cell-to-Cell Communication and Cell Wall Integrity by a Network of MAP Kinase Pathways and Transcription Factors inNeurospora crassa
Authors: Fischer Monika S , Wu Vincent W , Lee Ji E , O’Malley Ronan C , Glass N Louise 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFilamentous fungi depend on asexual cell-to-cell communication and cell fusion to establish and maintain an interconnected mycelial colony. In Neurospora crassa, genetically identical asexual spores undergo chemotropic interactions resulting in cell fusion and colony establishment...Maintenance of cell integrity and cell-to-cell communication are fundamental biological processes. Filamentous fungi, such as Neurospora crassa, depend on communication to locate compatible cells, coordinate cell fusion, and establish a robust hyphal network. Two MAP kinase (MAPK) pathways are essential for communication and cell fusion in N. crassa: the cell wall integrity/MAK-1 pathway and the MAK-2 (signal response) pathway. Previous studies have demonstrated several points of cross-talk between the MAK-1 and MAK-2 pathways, which is likely necessary for coordinating chemotropic growth toward an extracellular signal, and then mediating cell fusion. Canonical MAPK pathways begin with signal reception and end with a transcriptional response. Two transcription factors, ADV-1 and PP-1, are essential for communication and cell fusion. PP-1 is the conserved target of MAK-2, but it is unclear what targets ADV-1. We did RNA sequencing on Δadv-1, Δpp-1, and wild-type cells and found that ADV-1 and PP-1 have a shared regulon including many genes required for communication, cell fusion, growth, development, and stress response. We identified ADV-1 and PP-1 binding sites across the genome by adapting the in vitro method of DNA-affinity purification sequencing for N. crassa. To elucidate the regulatory network, we misexpressed each transcription factor in each upstream MAPK deletion mutant. Misexpression of adv-1 was sufficient to fully suppress the phenotype of the Δpp-1 mutant and partially suppress the phenotype of the Δmak-1 mutant. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the MAK-1/ADV-1 and MAK-2/PP-1 pathways form a tight regulatory network that maintains cell integrity and mediates communication and cell fusion.
Empregabilidade e inserção social dos jovens como desafios para a educação profissional e tecnológica
Authors: Oliveira Salvador Rodrigues de , Batista Sueli Soares dos Santos 
Published: April 2018

Associada à pedagogia das competências, à submissão à teoria do capital humano, a educação passou a ser considerada a chave para a empregabilidade. O aumento quantitativo da oferta de educação profissional e tecnológica, neste sentido, tem sido objeto de discussão e reflexão constante, no sentido de estabelecer mecanismos de oferta e medidas de avaliação da formação profissional, objetivando respostas satisfatórias nos quesitos de qualidade, tanto para comunidades inseridas no meio social, quanto para o setor produtivo. Neste estudo, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, analisa-se a aderência ou não da educação profissional e tecnológica a esse desiderato, considerando também os estudos que contextualizam e problematizam o conceito de empregabilidade atrelado ao de competência.
Natureza transindividual dos direitos difusos e coletivos e as suas implicações jurídicas quanto à titularidade e às formas de defesa dos interesses de seus titulares
Authors: Perozim da Silva Washington Eduardo 
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo, tem por objetivo discorrer sobre a natureza transindividual dos direitos fundamentais difusos e coletivos e as suas implicações jurídicas quanto à titularidade e às formas de defesa desses interesses. Para tanto, além de se estudar as definições doutrinárias, serão apresentados os principais fatos históricos que levaram a previsão dessa modalidade normativa nos ordenamentos dos países democráticos, em especial no Brasil, se analisará a “teoria das gerações” desenvolvida por Karel Vasak; se discorrerá sobre a dificuldade para a identificação do titular de tais direitos, bem como a importância da participação do Estado e dos órgãos de representação de classe na defesa de tais interesses. Em seguida, serão apresentadas as principais ações realizadas pelo Estado, partidos políticos e entidades de classe para se garantir, não só a defesa, mas também a concretização desses direitos.Logicamente, o presente trabalho não almeja, nem poderia, trazer novas definições ou pontos de vista distintos daqueles já consolidados pela doutrina, mas, apenas, a de contribuir com as discussões existentes sobre o tema, já que em decorrência das grandes transformações sociais que despontam no horizonte, torna-se imprescindível desenvover novas ferramentas jurídicas para se resguardar a segurança dos cidadãos brasileiros.
High school students’ metaphorical perceptions of biology and biology teacher concepts
Authors: Koseoglu Pınar , Pehlivan Hulya 
Published: April 2018

The purpose of the study was to identify and analyse high school students’ metaphorical perceptions of biology and biology teacher concepts. The sample comprised all the 515 students studying in the Etimesgut district in Ankara in the spring semester of the 2015/2016 academic year. The data were gathered through a form which included the phrases ‘Biology/the biology teacher is similar to/the same as…, because…’ The data for the research were collected through qualitative research methods. The research approach adopted was phenomenological. Content analysis was used for the data analysis. According to the results, high school students use different metaphors to describe the biology concept. These metaphors are united under different conceptual categories in terms of their common qualities. The study results show how metaphors can be used as an important research tool in understanding and explaining the perceptions of students towards biology and biology teacher.

Keywords: Biology, biology teacher, metaphor, metaphoric thought, phenomenological research.
Municipal Utilities: An Overview Of Rate Models, Sustainability And The Effects On Affordability
Authors: Forrer Donald A. , Orlando McSheehy Maria Gabriela , Boudreau Jacob , Boudreau Elizabeth , Garcia Adalberto , Kovach Maurie , Joseph Jennifer , Ordonio-Domingos Rachel 
Published: April 2018

Municipalities are faced with escalating costs, harder to find resources, and increasing regulatory restrictions in an effort to maintain public utilities. To complicate this situation, communities must address a growing number of individuals who are unable to pay their utility bill. This study is a review of several water utilities in Florida to determine how typical municipal utilities approaches affordability. Factors affecting utilities such as sustainability, rate models, and regulations are examined to the present methodology for an average municipality in addressing the increasing important issue of affordability. This research is a continuation of a longitudinal study to determine how municipalities address increasing costs to maintain their utility while considering those in the community who are less fortunate and cannot continue to absorb the higher costs of water and wastewater.
The Effects of Phase Velocities and Fluid Properties on Liquid Holdup Under Gas-Liquid Stratified Flow
Authors: Dabirian Ramin , Padsalgikar Ashwin , Mohammadikharkeshi Mobina , Mohan Ram S. , Shoham Ovadia 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Experimental and theoretical study on the gas-liquid stratified flow are conducted under changing parameters such as gas and liquid velocities, and also fluid properties like liquid viscosity and gas density. New acquired experimental data and modified Taitel and Dukler model (1976) with new closure relationship for interfacial friction factor appropriately demonstrate the effect of varying these parameters on liquid holdup.
In this study, the data are acquired from two distinct experimental facilities, including the well flow loop of the Institute for Energiteknik (IFE) as well as multiphase flow loop at Tulsa University Technology Separation (TUSTP). Both loops are constructed from pipes with a 0.097 m ID, where the loop lengths are different. Utilization of the two loops is resulted a collection of experimental data, where water (0.001 Pa·s and 0.005 Pa·s PAC) and mineral oil (0.033 and 0.12 Pa·s) are used as liquid phase, and air and SF6 (ρ = 24 kg/m3) are used as the gas phase. Values of the gas and liquid velocities are selected to ensure that stratified flow occurs along the pipe.
The acquired experimental data on the liquid holdup reveal that the liquid holdup increases with decreasing the superficial gas velocity at constant superficial liquid velocity. Also the data show that the liquid holdup reduces with decrease in the liquid viscosity and increase in the gas density. Taitel and Dukler (1976) model with different definitions for interfacial friction factors are compared with experimental data. The comparisons confirm that none of the closure relationships are appropriate for prediction of liquid holdup under a wide range of the experimental conditions. Thus, a new closure relationship for the interfacial friction factor is suggested.
Modernism and Structuralism: Serbian Ethnology/Anthropology in the Last Twenty Five Years of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Kovačević Ivan 
Published: April 2018

Modernisation of Serbian ethnology/anthropology in the second quarter of the twentieth century was marked by structuralism. More precisely, structural analysis that became a must of the analytical interpretation was based on the work of Claude Levi-Strauss, but also on those of the predecessors of structural analysis, like Van Gennep and Prop; British followers of structuralism like E. Leach and M. Douglas, as well as on the Russian semiotic school and Barth’s semiology. Taking aside predecessors of structural analysis, main sources of Serbian structural-semiotic revolution came from Levi-Strauss structural anthropology.
When in the 1970s Serbian readers faced anthropological books coming from different intellectual backgrounds and representing major theoretical trends in anthropology, Serbian ethnology, firmly based on its hundred years old romantic roots, gave equally opportunities to all theoretical approaches that fought for the intellectual domination in the discipline. This paper tries to answer the question why structural analysis played a crucial part in the modernisation of Serbian ethnology/anthropology, while the ideas coming from functionalism, culture and personality school, or neo-evolutionism did not have the same revolutionary and deep impact.
In regard to Levi-Strauss’s motive of oblivion
Authors: Antonijević Dragana 
Published: April 2018

This paper starts with Levi-Strauss’s semantic concept that consists of oblivion, misunderstanding, indiscretion and nostalgia. Through his analysis of North American and Greek myths, Levi-Strauss concluded that “semantic filed of oblivion” has an important meaning especially in the construction of particular rules and rituals; or, in other words, it has an important part in the introduction of culture to the nature of cognitive and social processes.
After the introduction of concept Structure of disturbed communication and some corrections to the Levi-Strauss’s concept, I start with the proposition that the period of transition represents unstable and ‘slippery’ time in which society negotiates different meanings. That is the time when different styles of thoughts, represented by different and powerful groups that have an impact on current social, political and ideological processes, compete with each other fighting for supremacy. Their field of communication can be seen as a field of “disturbed communication”, which in the final instance has a normative function: to reinforce and regulate certain attitudes, ideas and knowledge. This is achieved through the narratives which symbolise a community of newly established order in the moment of its supposed socio-historical stabilisation.
Finally, combining two different theoretical models – Levi-Strauss’s one described above with Greimas’s ideas about structures of modes of veridiction, this paper predicts chances of particular paradigmatic forms of thought in transitory Serbia to became dominant modes of thought, despite of their current low visibility in the public sphere. In mythical terms, it seems though that their domineering efforts are predetermined to success or fail, since they position themselves according to the laws immanent to these structures themselves, which on their part a priori position these structures as powerful or powerless, influential or non-influential communities of thought.
What are genres good for?
Authors: Žikić Bojan 
Published: April 2018

Levi-Strauss’s theoretical-methodological “legatee” – anthropological structuralism was one of the most important theoretical frameworks used in cognitive anthropology. Since it was sometimes too abstract for ‘practical’ minds, trained in British-American empirical traditions, Levi-Strauss thought was mediated through the works of British structural-functionalist, particularly those of Mary Douglas and Edmund Leach, who established its premises as a kind of contextualised particularism of the unquestioned universalism.
Ideas about the way in which human cultural mind functions, is one of the corner stones of cognitive anthropology, which cognitive anthropology shares with structural anthropology, and from which cognitive anthropology actually inherits what it shares with structural anthropology – this sounds properly structural – that is: an interest in the processes of division, demarcation and classification in a sense of cultural management of a perceived surrounding reality.
An example for such analysis, that I use in this paper, is music, or more precisely music culture, an expression that I use in order to imply that the affinity to a type of music, or musical genre should be understood in a sense of a particular cultural way of thinking and acting.
Structuralism in Archaeology
Authors: Palavestra Aleksandar 
Published: April 2018

Although, back in the 1970s, Edmund Leach threatened archaeology that he will ‘poison’ it with structuralism, his structuralist work did not have that far reaching impact on the changes of archaeological interpretative paradigms. The reason for that is – on the one hand, structuralists’ lack of interest in diachronic interpretation, and on the other, the concept of the universal structures of mind for which upcoming poststructuralism did not have much interest. To be fair, there are some rather interesting structuralist interpretations in archaeology (even in the Serbian one) mostly based on the application of binary oppositions. However, in the broader context, structuralism, work of Levi-Strauss, and de Saussure linguistics in particular, enabled archaeologists to understand material culture in a semiotic field – as a study of signs and contexts of meanings. In other words, objects in archaeology, under the influence of structuralism, have been seen as organised in the wider systems of signs (organised in binary oppositions, but not necessarily) with particular meanings. One of the problems of this semiotic, structural approach in archaeology is that it automatically equates material culture and language, which is highly problematic, since meanings in material culture are rarely arbitrary in the way that it is the case in a linguistic relation between signifier and signified. Poststructuralism, theory of practices and poststructuralist critique of scientific positivism had much higher impact to archaeology, especially postprocessual one.