bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Only α‐Gal bound to lipids, but not to proteins, is transported across enterocytes as an IgE‐reactive molecule that can induce effector cell activation
Authors: Román‐Carrasco Patricia , Lieder Barbara , Somoza Veronika , Ponce Marta , Szépfalusi Zsolt , Martin Diana , Hemmer Wolfgang , Swoboda Ines 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe oligosaccharide galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose (α‐Gal), present in mammalian proteins and lipids, causes an unusual delayed allergic reaction 3 to 6 hours after ingestion of mammalian meat in individuals with IgE antibodies against α‐Gal. To better understand the delayed onset of allergic symptoms and investigate whether protein‐bound or lipid‐bound α‐Gal causes these symptoms, we analyzed the capacity of α‐Gal conjugated proteins and lipids to cross a monolayer of intestinal cells.MethodsExtracts of proteins and lipids from beef were prepared, subjected to in vitro digestions, and added to Caco‐2 cells grown on permeable supports. The presence of α‐Gal in the basolateral medium was investigated by immunoblotting, thin‐layer chromatography with immunostaining and ELISA, and its allergenic activity was analyzed in a basophil activation test.ResultsAfter addition of beef proteins to the apical side of Caco‐2 cells, α‐Gal containing peptides were not detected in the basolateral medium. Those peptides that crossed the Caco‐2 monolayer did not activate basophils from an α‐Gal allergic patient. Instead, when Caco‐2 cells were incubated with lipids extracted from beef, α‐Gal was detected in the basolateral medium. Furthermore, these α‐Gal lipids were able to activate the basophils of an α‐Gal allergic patient in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionOnly α‐Gal bound to lipids, but not to proteins, is able to cross the intestinal monolayer and trigger an allergic reaction. This suggests that the slower digestion and absorption of lipids might be responsible for the unusual delayed allergic reactions in α‐Gal allergic patients and identifies glycolipids as potential allergenic molecules.
Meiotic gene activation in somatic and germ cell tumours
Authors: Feichtinger J. , McFarlane R. J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundGerm cell tumours are uniquely associated with the gametogenic tissues of males and females. A feature of these cancers is that they can express genes that are normally tightly restricted to meiotic cells. This aberrant gene expression has been used as an indicator that these cancer cells are attempting a programmed germ line event, meiotic entry. However, work in non‐germ cell cancers has also indicated that meiotic genes can become aberrantly activated in a wide range of cancer types and indeed provide functions that serve as oncogenic drivers. Here, we review the activation of meiotic factors in cancers and explore commonalities between meiotic gene activation in germ cell and non‐germ cell cancers.ObjectivesThe objectives of this review are to highlight key questions relating to meiotic gene activation in germ cell tumours and to offer possible interpretations as to the biological relevance in this unique cancer type.Materials and MethodsPubMed and the GEPIA database were searched for papers in English and for cancer gene expression data, respectively.ResultsWe provide a brief overview of meiotic progression, with a focus on the unique mechanisms of reductional chromosome segregation in meiosis I. We then offer detailed insight into the role of meiotic chromosome regulators in non‐germ cell cancers and extend this to provide an overview of how this might relate to germ cell tumours.ConclusionsWe propose that meiotic gene activation in germ cell tumours might not indicate an unscheduled attempt to enter a full meiotic programme. Rather, it might simply reflect either aberrant activation of a subset of meiotic genes, with little or no biological relevance, or aberrant activation of a subset of meiotic genes as positive tumour evolutionary/oncogenic drivers. These postulates provide the provocation for further studies in this emerging field.
A two‐tiered high‐flow nasal cannula approach to bronchiolitis was associated with low admission rate to intensive care and no adverse outcomes
Authors: Daverio Marco , Da Dalt Liviana , Panozzo Matteo , Frigo Anna Chiara , Bressan Silvia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimWe aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of infants with bronchiolitis who received high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNC) following a two‐tiered approach.MethodsThis retrospective study included 211 infants below 12 months of age needing oxygen therapy for bronchiolitis, between 2012 and 2017, on the general paediatric ward of the tertiary Paediatric Hospital of Padova, Italy. HFNC was used as first‐line therapy for moderate to severe disease and as rescue therapy for deterioration on low‐flow oxygen.ResultsMedian age was 61 days (IQR 31–126), and 57.3% were males. HFNC was used as first‐line therapy in 35/211 (16.6%) infants and as rescue in 73/176 (41.5%) patients on low‐flow oxygen. Overall 9/211 patients (4.3%) were admitted to intensive care, representing a HFNC failure of 9/108 (8.3%). Intensive care admissions did not significantly differ between initial low‐flow oxygen therapy and HFNC (8/176, 4.5% versus 1/35, 2.8%, proportion difference 1.7%, 95%CI −10.2 to 6.7), or between initial and rescue HFNC (1/35, 2.8% versus 8/73, 10.9%; proportion difference 8.1%, 95%CI −4.5 to 18). Only two patients developed air leak and were treated conservatively.ConclusionA two‐tiered approach to HFNC use in bronchiolitis was associated with low intensive care admissions and no adverse outcomes.
Strong Start in birth centers: Socio‐demographic characteristics, care processes, and outcomes for mothers and newborns
Authors: Alliman Jill , Stapleton Susan R. , Wright Jennifer , Bauer Kate , Slider Kate , Jolles Diana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundA recent Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation report evaluated the four‐year Strong Start for Mothers and Newborns Initiative, which sought to improve maternal and newborn outcomes through exploration of three enhanced, evidence‐based care models. This paper reports the socio‐demographic characteristics, care processes, and outcomes for mothers and newborns engaged in care with American Association of Birth Centers (AABC) sites.MethodsThe authors examined data for 6424 Medicaid or Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) beneficiaries in birth center care who gave birth between 2013 and 2017. Using data from the AABC Perinatal Data Registry™, descriptive statistics were used to evaluate socio‐behavioral and medical risks, and core perinatal quality outcomes. Comparisons are made between outcomes in the AABC sample and national data during the study period.ResultsChildbearing mothers enrolled at AABC sites had diverse socio‐behavioral risk factors similar to the national profile. The AABC sites exceeded national quality benchmarks for low birthweight (3.28%), preterm birth (4.42%), and primary cesarean birth (8.56%). Racial disparities in perinatal indicators were present within the Strong Start sample; however, they were at narrower margins than in national data. The enhanced model of care was notable for use of midwifery‐led prenatal, labor, and birth care and decreased hospital admission.ConclusionsBirth center care improves population health, patient experience, and value. The model demonstrates the potential to decrease racial disparity and improve population health. Reduction of regulatory barriers and implementation of sustainable reimbursement are warranted to move the model to scale for Medicaid beneficiaries nationwide.
Reconsidering self‐deprecation as a communication practice
Authors: Speer Susan A. 
Published: May 2019

‘Self‐deprecation’ (SD) is widely understood within social psychology and popular culture as a form of self‐talk that reflects a cognitive state, such as low self‐esteem or negative self‐regard. However, most research on SD suffers theoretical and methodological problems that fail to account for how its cognitive and linguistic aspects can be reconciled. We know little about SD as it occurs in interactional settings. Utilizing a conversation analytic (CA) perspective that brackets cognitive explanations for linguistic phenomena, this paper draws on more than 100 hours of transcribed recordings of interactions from diverse settings to systematically examine the form and function of a common class of SD: critical comments by a speaker on their current talk or actions (self‐deprecatory meta‐comments; SDMCs). Analyses demonstrate that SDMCs are used in environments of possible or actual interactional trouble, and manage this trouble in different sequential positions. The paper shows that SDs can be treated as a communication practice. Rigorous analysis of SDMCs can enrich understanding of the construction of ‘identities’ in talk. It advances a CA understanding of the ascription of social actions, and the preference for self‐criticism over criticism by others. Findings suggest that widespread advice to self‐deprecate less may be invalid.
Multiparametric MRI prior to radical prostatectomy identifies intraductal and cribriform growth patterns in prostate cancer
Authors: Tonttila Panu P. , Ahtikoski Anne , Kuisma Mari , Pääkkö Eija , Hirvikoski Pasi , Vaarala Markku H. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic value of multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) prior to radical prostatectomy with curative intent for the detection of cribriform architecture (CA) and intraductal prostate cancer (IDC), which have recently been demonstrated to be adverse pathological features.Patients and MethodsThe study included 124 men who underwent mpMRI prior to radical prostatectomy at our centre. Preoperative mpMRI, prostatectomy histology and clinical follow‐up details were reviewed retrospectively. The diagnostic value of mpMRI was evaluated on the basis of the detection rate. Secondly, the prognostic significance of CA/IDC among grade group (GG)2 cancers with regard to biochemical recurrence (BCR)‐free survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis, with the log rank test and Fisher's exact test.ResultsPathological examination of radical prostatectomy specimens identified CA/IDC in 89 of 124 cases (71%) and mpMRI identified 86/95 of tumours including any CA/IDC with a sensitivity of 90.5% (95% confidence interval 82.8–95.6%). When localization of the lesions was compared, there was an association between the highest Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System classification and the highest pathological grade in 106 of the 124 cases (85.5%). In patients with GG2 lesions, BCR occurred in 11 of 31 (35.5%) with CA/IDC and two of 21 (9.5%) without CA/IDC (P = 0.034).ConclusionMultiparametric MRI has good sensitivity for detection of pathological primary prostate cancer, including most cases with CA/IDC; however, reliable prediction of GG2 tumours with CA/IDC for individual risk stratification remains challenging.
Sex‐moderated interactions between IL4/IL13 pathway genes and prenatal environment on cord blood IgE levels
Authors: Chen Chien‐Han , Lee Yungling Leo , Wu Ming‐Hsun , Chen Pao‐Jen , Wei Tien‐Shan , Chen Pau‐Chung , Tseng Ching‐Ing , Chen Wei J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundElevated cord blood IgE (cIgE), a predictor of atopic diseases, is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. However, gene‐environment interactions on cIgE elevation and their difference by sex remain largely unexplored.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether there are sex‐moderated interactions between genetic variants in the IL4/IL13 pathway and prenatal environments on cIgE elevation.MethodsComprehensive information on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), home dampness (indexed by combining mildewy odour, visible mould and water stamp on the wall) and other household environments was obtained using a structured questionnaire during the third trimester of pregnancy in 1107 full‐term newborns. The cord blood was collected for measuring cIgE levels, with elevation defined as ≥0.5 IU/mL, and for genotyping of five single nucleotide polymorphisms of three candidate genes (IL‐13 rs1800925, rs20541, rs848, IL‐4 rs2243250 and STAT6 rs324011).ResultsGene‐environment interactions on cIgE elevation were observed in male but not female newborns, including those between ETS and IL13 rs20541, between home dampness and STAT6 rs324011, and between composite environmental exposure (combined ETS and the three home dampness indices) and STAT6 rs324011 (P for interaction = 0.03, 0.006, and 0.001, respectively). Male newborns carrying STAT6 rs324011 CT or TT genotype manifested with a significant dose‐response association of the composite environmental exposure with cIgE elevation.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceSex moderates the gene‐environment interactions involving IL4/IL13 pathway genes and prenatal household environments on cIgE elevation. The absence of prenatal exposure to ETS and home dampness in male neonates carrying the STAT6 rs324011 CT or TT genotype is least likely associated with cIgE elevation.
Impact of delayed radioiodine therapy in intermediate‐/high‐risk papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kim Mijin , Han Minkyu , Jeon Min Ji , Kim Won Gu , Kim In Joo , Ryu Jin‐Sook , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Kim Tae Yong , Kim Bo Hyun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveIt remains unclear whether the time interval between total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) affects clinical outcomes in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Therefore, we evaluated the impact of timing of the first post‐thyroidectomy RAIT in intermediate‐to‐high‐risk PTC.Design and PatientsThis retrospective propensity score‐matched cohort study included 720 PTC patients who received RAIT for <90 or 90‐180 days (early and delayed groups, n = 360 each) after thyroidectomy. Responses to therapy, disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter matching, the baseline characteristics of the 360 patients in each group were similarly adjusted. Within the first 2 years after initial therapy, the number of patients classified into excellent, indeterminate, biochemical incomplete and structural incomplete response categories were 221 (61%), 74 (21%), 39 (11%) and 26 (7%) in the early group, and 204 (57%), 73 (20%), 59 (16%) and 24 (7%) in the delayed group, respectively. There was no significant difference in response to therapy between the two groups (P = 0.183). During the median follow‐up of 8.6 years, there was no significant difference in DFS (P = 0.060) and OS (P = 0.400) curves between the two groups. Delayed RAIT was not significantly associated with worse DFS (HR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.9‐1.8, P = 0.061) or OS (HR = 1.5, 95% CI 0.6‐3.4, P = 0.388).ConclusionsDelaying the first RAIT until 180 days after total thyroidectomy had no impact on restaging, recurrence and mortality in intermediate‐to‐high‐risk PTC.
Veneered zirconia abutments cemented on non‐original titanium bases: 1‐year results of a prospective case series
Authors: Asgeirsson Asgeir G. , Sailer Irena , Gamper Felix , Jung Ronald E. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess clinical, technical, and esthetic outcomes of veneered zirconia reconstructions cemented on non‐original titanium bases over 1 year.Materials and methodsTwenty‐four healthy patients presented with one missing tooth in the anterior maxilla or mandible and received a two‐piece dental implant. The implants were restored with a screw‐retained crown using a directly veneered zirconia reconstruction, which was extraorally cemented on a titanium base. After crown insertion, patients were scheduled for a baseline examination and re‐examined at 6 months and at 1 year of loading. Measurements included biological, technical, and esthetic parameters. Data were analyzed with nonparametric tests.ResultsMean marginal bone levels measured 0.54 ± 0.39 mm (median: 0.47, range: 0.07–1.75 mm) at baseline and 0.54 ± 0.45 mm (median: 0.44, range: 0.06–1.52 mm) at 1 year. Mean probing depth (PD) (3.0 ± 0.6 mm at baseline to 3.5 ± 0.7 mm at 1 year [p = 0.002]), bleeding on probing (BOP) (27.1% ± 20.7% at baseline to 43.9% ± 28.0% at 1 year [p = 0.041]), plaque index (PI) (11.1% ± 21.2% at baseline to 18.2% ± 21.8% at 1 year [p = 0.381]) increased, whereas the width of the keratinized mucosa decreased from baseline to 1 year (3.1 ± 1.3 mm at baseline to 3.0 ± 1.2 mm at 1 year [p = 0.398]). Four implants (16.7%) were diagnosed with peri‐implantitis (BOP positive, bone loss >1 mm) during the 1‐year observation period. One implant was lost at 3 ½ months, resulting in a 95.8% survival rate. Four technical complications occurred and led to 83.3% complication‐free reconstructions.ConclusionA significant increase in PD and BOP values was observed using directly veneered zirconia reconstructions cemented on non‐original titanium bases.
A new vessel segmentation algorithm for robust blood flow quantification from two‐dimensional phase‐contrast magnetic resonance images
Authors: Bidhult Sebastian , Hedström Erik , Carlsson Marcus , Töger Johannes , Steding‐Ehrenborg Katarina , Arheden Håkan , Aletras Anthony H. , Heiberg Einar 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBlood flow measurements in the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery from phase‐contrast magnetic resonance images require accurate time‐resolved vessel segmentation over the cardiac cycle. Current semi‐automatic segmentation methods often involve time‐consuming manual correction, relying on user experience for accurate results. The purpose of this study was to develop a semi‐automatic vessel segmentation algorithm with shape constraints based on manual vessel delineations for robust segmentation of the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery, to evaluate the proposed method in healthy volunteers and patients with heart failure and congenital heart disease, to validate the method in a pulsatile flow phantom experiment, and to make the method freely available for research purposes. Algorithm shape constraints were extracted from manual reference delineations of the ascending aorta (n = 20) and pulmonary artery (n = 20) and were included in a semi‐automatic segmentation method only requiring manual delineation in one image. Bias and variability (bias ± SD) for flow volume of the proposed algorithm versus manual reference delineations were 0·0 ± 1·9 ml in the ascending aorta (n = 151; seven healthy volunteers; 144 heart failure patients) and −1·7 ± 2·9 ml in the pulmonary artery (n = 40; 25 healthy volunteers; 15 patients with atrial septal defect). Interobserver bias and variability were lower (P = 0·008) for the proposed semi‐automatic method (−0·1 ± 0·9 ml) compared to manual reference delineations (1·5 ± 5·1 ml). Phantom validation showed good agreement between the proposed method and timer‐and‐beaker flow volumes (0·4 ± 2·7 ml). In conclusion, the proposed semi‐automatic vessel segmentation algorithm can be used for efficient analysis of flow and shunt volumes in the aorta and pulmonary artery.
Multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacterial infections in solid organ transplant recipients—Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Authors: Pouch Stephanie M. , Patel Gopi ,   the AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Published: May 2019

AbstractThese updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of infections due to multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Gram‐negative bacilli in the pre‐ and post‐transplant period. MDR Gram‐negative bacilli, including carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, remain a threat to successful organ transplantation. Clinicians now have access to at least five novel agents with activity against some of these organisms, with others in the advanced stages of clinical development. No agent, however, provides universal and predictable activity against any of these pathogens, and very little is available to treat infections with MDR nonfermenting Gram‐negative bacilli including A baumannii. Despite advances, empiric antibiotics should be tailored to local microbiology and targeted regimens should be tailored to susceptibilities. Source control remains an important part of the therapeutic armamentarium. Morbidity and mortality associated with infections due to MDR Gram‐negative organisms remain unacceptably high. Heightened infection control and antimicrobial stewardship initiatives are needed to prevent these infections, curtail their transmission, and limit the evolution of MDR Gram‐negative pathogens, especially in the setting of organ transplantation.
Intergenerational transmission of literacy skills among Filipino families
Authors: Dulay Katrina M. , Cheung Sum K. , McBride Catherine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe examined the joint role of parental word reading skills and conventional home literacy environment measures among 320 Filipino low‐ to middle‐income families in Cebu City, Philippines with children aged 5–8 years old. A ranking of parent‐reported ratings of their frequency of engaging in home literacy activities and adult literacy practices revealed that book‐related behaviors were less frequently practiced relative to other behaviors, and mean ratings on the home literacy resources scale suggested a relatively print‐poor environment. Nevertheless, scale items about book reading and direct literacy instruction at home correlated with child's language and literacy skills. Structural equation modeling showed that parent's education and frequency of engaging in home literacy activities uniquely accounted for variance in child's oral language and print knowledge skills. In a second model, parent's word reading skills were significantly related to child's skills, but did not eliminate or attenuate influences from parent's education and home literacy activities. Results are important in relation to theories on the intergenerational transmission of literacy skills and the generalizability of findings from developed countries to developing country contexts.
A comparative analysis of egg provisioning using mass spectrometry during rapid life history evolution in sea urchins
Authors: Davidson Phillip L. , Thompson J. Will , Foster Matthew W. , Moseley M. Arthur , Byrne Maria , Wray Gregory A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA dramatic life history switch that has evolved numerous times in marine invertebrates is the transition from planktotrophic (feeding) to lecithotrophic (nonfeeding) larval development—an evolutionary tradeoff with many important developmental and ecological consequences. To attain a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis for this switch, we performed untargeted lipidomic and proteomic liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry on eggs and larvae from three sea urchin species: the lecithotroph Heliocidaris erythrogramma, the closely related planktotroph Heliocidaris tuberculata, and the distantly related planktotroph Lytechinus variegatus. We identify numerous molecular‐level changes possibly associated with the evolution of lecithotrophy in H. erythrogramma. We find the massive lipid stores of H. erythrogramma eggs are largely composed of low‐density, diacylglycerol ether lipids that, contrary to expectations, appear to support postmetamorphic development and survivorship. Rapid premetamorphic development in this species may instead be powered by upregulated carbohydrate metabolism or triacylglycerol metabolism. We also find proteins involved in oxidative stress regulation are upregulated in H. erythrogramma eggs, and apoB‐like lipid transfer proteins may be important for echinoid oogenic nutrient provisioning. These results demonstrate how mass spectrometry can enrich our understanding of life history evolution and organismal diversity by identifying specific molecules associated with distinct life history strategies and prompt new hypotheses about how and why these adaptations evolve.