bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chronic Domperidone Use on QT Interval
Authors: Field Justin , Wasilewski Melissa , Bhuta Rajiv , Malik Zubair , Cooper Joshua , Parkman Henry P. , Schey Ron 
Published: February 2019

Goals:
The goal of this study was to determine the effect and safety of domperidone on QTc interval at the commonly prescribed doses of 30 to 80 mg daily.

Background:
Domperidone is a dopamine receptor antagonist used for the treatment of gastroparesis. However, it has been associated with QT prolongation, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.

Study:
This study analyzed patients prescribed domperidone for treatment of gastroparesis between January 2012 and September 2017 at a single center. This study reviewed EKGs, primarily the QTc interval, taken at baseline, 2 to 6 months after initiation of domperidone, 6 to 12 months after initiation, and ≥12 months after initiation. Concurrent QTc prolonging medications were recorded for each patient. The primary endpoint was QTc prolongation >500 ms. Secondary endpoints were QTc >450 ms for males, a QTc>470 ms for females, QTc prolongation ≥20 ms above baseline, and QTc prolongation >60 ms above baseline.

Results:
In total, 246 patients were included for analysis (age, 46.3±17.4 y; F 209). EKGs were available for all 246 patients before treatment, 170 patients at 2 to 6 months, 135 at 6 to 12 months, and 152 patients at least 1 year after domperidone initiation.
Of 246 subjects, 15 patients (6.1%, 9 female) had clinically important QTc prolongation; 11 had QTc >450 ms for males or >470 ms for females; none had QTc prolongation >500 ms; 5 (2.0%) had >60 ms over baseline and 61 (24.7%) patients had QTc increase of ≥20 ms but <60 ms from baseline.

Conclusions:
Domperidone at the conventionally used doses to treat gastroparesis (30 to 80 mg/d) was associated with QTc prolongation in only 6% of patients with no QT interval reaching the point considered to be clinically significant. These data suggest that domperidone can be safely prescribed at doses of 30 to 80 mg daily for the treatment of gastroparesis.
Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Schwarzenberg Sarah J. , Uc Aliye , Zimmerman Bridget , Wilschanski Michael , Wilcox C. Mel , Whitcomb David C. , Werlin Steven L. , Troendle David , Tang Gong , Slivka Adam , Singh Vikesh K. , Sherman Stuart , Shah Uzma , Sandhu Bimaljit S. , Romagnuolo Joseph , Rhee Sue , Pohl John F. , Perito Emily R. , Ooi Chee Y. , Nathan Jaimie D. , Muniraj Thiruvengadam , Morinville Veronique D. , McFerron Brian , Mascarenhas Maria , Maqbool Asim , Liu Quin , Lin Tom K. , Lewis Michele , Husain Sohail Z. , Himes Ryan , Heyman Melvin B. , Guda Nalini , Gonska Tanja , Giefer Matthew J. , Gelrud Andres , Gariepy Cheryl E. , Gardner Timothy B. , Freedman Steven D. , Forsmark Christopher E. , Fishman Douglas S. , Cote Gregory A. , Conwell Darwin , Brand Randall E. , Bellin Melena , Barth Bradley , Banks Peter A. , Anderson Michelle A. , Amann Stephen T. , Alkaade Samer , Abu‐El‐Haija Maisam , Abberbock Judah N. , Lowe Mark E. , Yadav Dhiraj 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to investigate the natural history of chronic pancreatitis (CP); patients in the North American Pancreatitis Study2 (NAPS2, adults) and INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE (INSPPIRE, pediatric) were compared.Methods:Demographics, risk factors, disease duration, management and outcomes of 224 children and 1063 adults were compared using appropriate statistical tests for categorical and continuous variables.Results:Alcohol was a risk in 53% of adults and 1% of children (P < 0.0001); tobacco in 50% of adults and 7% of children (P < 0.0001). Obstructive factors were more common in children (29% vs 19% in adults, P = 0.001). Genetic risk factors were found more often in children. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was similar (children 26% vs adult 33%, P = 0.107). Diabetes was more common in adults than children (36% vs 4% respectively, P < 0.0001). Median emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and missed days of work/school were similar across the cohorts. As a secondary analysis, NAPS2 subjects with childhood onset (NAPS2‐CO) were compared with INSPPIRE subjects. These 2 cohorts were more similar than the total INSPPIRE and NAPS2 cohorts, including for genetic risk factors. The only risk factor significantly more common in the NAPS2‐CO cohort compared with the INSPPIRE cohort was alcohol (9% NAPS2‐CO vs 1% INSPPIRE cohorts, P = 0.011).Conclusions:Despite disparity in age of onset, children and adults with CP exhibit similarity in demographics, CP treatment, and pain. Differences between groups in radiographic findings and diabetes prevalence may be related to differences in risk factors associated with disease and length of time of CP.
Similarities and Differences in Allocation Policies for Pediatric Liver Transplantation Across the World
Authors: Fischler Björn , Baumann Ulrich , D'Agostino Daniel , D'Antiga Lorenzo , Dezsofi Antal , Debray Dominique , Durmaz Ozlem , Evans Helen , Frauca Esteban , Hadzic Nedim , Jahnel Jörg , Loveland Jerome , McLin Valérie , Ng Vicky L. , Nobili Valerio , Pawłowska Joanna , Sharif Khalid , Smets Francoise , Verkade Henkjan J. , Hsu Evelyn , Horslen Simon , Bucuvalas John 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:We aimed to investigate national allocation policies for pediatric liver transplantation (LT).Method:A survey was prepared by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Hepatology Committee in collaboration with the North American Studies of Pediatric Liver Transplantation consortium. The survey was sent to pediatric hepatologists and transplant surgeons worldwide. National data were obtained from centrally based registries.Results:Replies were obtained from 15 countries from 5 of the world continents. Overall donation rate varied between 9 and 35 per million inhabitants. The number of pediatric LTs was 4 to 9 per million inhabitants younger than 18 years for 13 of the 15 respondents. In children younger than 2 years mortality on the waiting list (WL) varied between 0 and 20%. In the same age group, there were large differences in the ratio of living donor LT to deceased donor LT and in the ratio of split liver segments to whole liver. These differences were associated with possible discrepancies in WL mortality.Conclusions:Similarities but also differences between countries were detected. The described data may be of importance when trying to reduce WL mortality in the youngest children.
The Impact of Increased Allocation Priority for Children Awaiting Liver Transplant
Authors: Perito Emily R. , Mogul Douglas B. , VanDerwerken Douglas , Mazariegos George , Bucuvalas John , Book Linda , Horslen Simon , Kim Heung B. , Miloh Tamir , Ng Vicky , Reyes Jorge , Rodriguez‐Davalos Manuel I. , Valentino Pamela L. , Gentry Sommer , Hsu Evelyn 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of prioritizing infants, children, adolescents, and the sickest adults (Status 1) for deceased donor livers. We compared outcomes under two “SharePeds” allocation schema, which prioritize children and Status 1 adults for national sharing and enhanced access to pediatric donors or all donors younger than 35 years, to outcomes under the allocation plan approved by the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network in December 2017 (Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network [OPTN] 12‐2017).Methods:The 2017 Liver Simulated Allocation Model and Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data on all US liver transplant candidates and liver offers 7/2013 to 6/2016 were used to predict waitlist deaths, transplants, and post‐transplant deaths under the OPTN 12‐2017 and SharePeds schema.Results:Prioritizing national sharing of pediatric donor livers with children (SharePeds 1) would decrease waitlist deaths for infants (<2 years, P = 0.0003) and children (2–11 years, P = 0.001), with no significant change for adults (P = 0.13). Prioritizing national sharing of all younger than 35‐year‐old deceased donor livers with children and Status 1A adults (SharePeds 2) would decrease waitlist deaths for infants, children, and all Status 1A/B patients (P < 0.0001 for each). SharePeds 1 and 2 would increase the number of liver transplants done in infants, children, and adolescents compared to the OPTN‐2017 schema (P < 0.00005 for all age groups). Both SharePeds schema would increase the percentage of pediatric livers transplanted into pediatric recipients.Conclusions:Waitlist deaths could be significantly decreased, and liver transplants increased, for children and the sickest adults, by prioritizing children for pediatric livers and with broader national sharing of deceased donor livers.
Disclosure and Quality of Life Among Unemployed Individuals With Mental Health Problems
Authors: Rüsch Nicolas , Malzer Alexandra , Oexle Nathalie , Waldmann Tamara , Staiger Tobias , Bahemann Andreas , Wigand Moritz E. , Becker Thomas , Corrigan Patrick W. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Unemployment and mental disorders are associated with impaired quality of life. Because of the stigma associated with mental illness, unemployed individuals with mental health problems face the difficult decision whether to disclose their condition to others. Disclosure has both risks and benefits, and it is unclear how it affects quality of life. We therefore examined disclosure attitudes at baseline as predictors of quality of life after 6 months and also assessed social support, depressive symptoms, self-stigma, and perceived discrimination among 301 unemployed individuals with mental health problems. Better quality of life at follow-up was predicted by better attitudes toward disclosure among family and friends, shorter length of unemployment, less symptoms, and, at a trend level, less self-stigma at baseline. Thus disclosure in one's private environment may improve quality of life among unemployed individuals with mental health problems.
Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose Oral Delafloxacin Compared With Intramuscular Ceftriaxone for Uncomplicated Gonorrhea Treatment: An Open-Label, Noninferiority, Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized Study
Authors: Hook Edward W. , Golden Matthew R. , Taylor Stephanie N. , Henry Eugenia , Tseng Carol , Workowski Kimberly A. , Swerdlow Jerri , Nenninger Ashley , Cammarata Sue 
Published: February 2019

Background
We evaluated single oral dose of delafloxacin versus single intramuscular ceftriaxone in participants with uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea (primary objective). Secondary objectives included the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of delafloxacin versus ceftriaxone for uncomplicated urogenital, rectal, and/or pharyngeal gonorrhea.

Methods
In this open-label, multicenter study, 460 participants at 25 study centers were randomized (2:1) to receive a single 900-mg oral dose of delafloxacin or 250-mg intramuscular ceftriaxone. Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture, nucleic acid amplification test, and clinical responses were evaluated. The primary efficacy end point was the urogenital microbiological cure in the urogenital microbiological intention-to-treat population; noninferiority (NI) was assessed using a 10% NI margin.

Results
In the urogenital microbiological intention-to-treat population, urogenital cure rates for delafloxacin were 85.1% (194/228) versus 91.0% (91/100) for ceftriaxone (95% confidence interval, −13.18% to 1.36%). Because the lower bound of the confidence interval exceeded the prespecified −10% NI margin, delafloxacin did not demonstrate NI to ceftriaxone. Treatment failures were more often associated with N. gonorrhoeae with higher delafloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. In microbiologically evaluable participants, failure occurred in 1 (0.6%) of 177 urogenital infections caused by isolates with delafloxacin MICs <0.008 μg/mL and 31 (64.6%) of 48 infections caused by isolates with delafloxacin MICs ≥0.008 μg/mL. Gastrointestinal adverse events were common with 900-mg of delafloxacin and typically included mild to moderate diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and vomiting. The most common adverse event was diarrhea in both treatment groups.

Conclusions
A single 900-mg dose of delafloxacin is not a reliable treatment of uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea. Treatment failures were common in infections caused by N. gonorrhoeae with delafloxacin MICs ≥0.008 μg/mL. Additional testing with alternative dosing regimens could be considered.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02015637.
Employee Perceptions About Public Health Agencies' Desired Involvement in Impacting Health Equity and Other Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Shah Gulzar H. , Yin Jingjing , Young Jessica L. , Waterfield Kristie 
Published: February 2019

Context:Despite a growing consensus in public health to address health inequities and leverage social determinants of health (SDoH), the level of public health practitioners' readiness to become the agents of change in promoting health equity and shaping SDoH is not well researched.Objectives:To examine (1) the level of public health agency employees' perceived desirability for impacting health equity and SDoH, and (2) the impact of employee characteristics such as a (PH WINS) public health degree and awareness of health in all policies on such desirability.Methods:Data from the 2017 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey were used in examining the sense of desirability among agency employees for affecting health equity and SDoH in the agency jurisdictions.Results:Fifty-seven percent of health agency employees believed that their agencies should be very involved in affecting health equity in their jurisdictions. Fairly smaller proportions of employees believed in the desirability of affecting SDoH, and the proportions who believed that the agency should bevery involvedin affecting specific SDoH were 17.8% for affecting the quality of transportation, 18.5% for affecting the economy, 22.2% for quality of housing, 22.4% for quality of the built environment, 25.4% for K-12 education system, and 34.5% for impacting the quality of social support systems. Agency employees without a public health degree had significantly lower odds (P< .05) of believing that the agency should be very involved in affecting health equity.Conclusions:With increasing efforts to reduce health inequities and leverage SDoH for improved population health, gaps exist in the public health workforce's perceived desirability for their agencies to be involved in such efforts. These gaps exist among employees regardless of their demographic characteristics, length of tenure, or agency setting. Policy and practice initiatives aimed to improve health equity might benefit from our findings positing a need for education regarding SDoH and health equity. Our study findings imply the need for interventions for improving alignment between employee beliefs and organizational priorities for an effective transformation to Public Health 3.0. Fostering cross-sector partnerships with a focus on Health in All Policies (HiAP), SDoH, and health equity must be a high priority for public health agencies, which can be formalized through organizational strategic plans.
The First Nationally Representative Benchmark of the Local Governmental Public Health Workforce: Findings From the 2017 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey
Authors: Robin Nathalie , Castrucci Brian C. , McGinty Meghan D. , Edmiston Ashley , Bogaert Kyle 
Published: February 2019

Context:
A changing public health landscape requires local governmental health departments (LHDs) to have a workforce prepared to meet complex challenges. While previous assessments looked at organizational data on the LHD workforce, the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS) is the first nationally representative survey to examine individual perceptions of training needs, workplace environment, job satisfaction, and awareness of emerging concepts in public health.

Objectives:
Characterize key interests and needs of the local governmental public health workforce.

Design:
Survey invitations were sent to individual LHD employees on the basis of a stratified sampling approach. The LHDs had to employ a minimum of 25 staff and serve a population of 25 000 or greater to be eligible for inclusion.

Setting:
399 LHDs across the United States.

Participants:
A total of 26 533 LHD employees completed the survey (59% response rate).

Results:
The majority of local public health workers are female (81%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 78%-84%) and white non-Hispanic (68%, 95% CI: 64%-72%). Of the nearly quarter of workers who declared an intent to leave within the next year excluding retirement (22%, 95% CI: 19%-25%), the most common reasons included pay (46%, 95% CI: 42%-50%), lack of opportunities for advancement (40%, 95% CI: 38%-50%), and workplace environment (30%, 95% CI: 27%-32%). Across jurisdiction size and supervisory level, skills gaps were noted in budget and financial management, systems and strategic thinking, developing a vision for a healthy community, and change management.

Conclusions:
As the first nationally representative sample of the local governmental public health workforce, these data create a national benchmark against which LHDs can measure their workforce. Given the similarities found across LHDs serving different jurisdiction sizes, a unified approach to workforce development should be employed across all LHDs. The LHD leadership should address retention, reward creativity and innovation, improve communication between leadership and employees, and provide opportunities for advancement.
Diagnosis of Primary Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Vagina by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Fu Zhanli , Chen Xueqi , Yang Xing , Li Qian 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A 41-year-old woman presented with irregular vaginal bleeding, and a vaginal tumor was found and proved to be a clear cell carcinoma by biopsy. An 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to exclude its metastatic possibility, which showed the vaginal tumor was the only lesion with 18F-FDG avidity. The vaginectomy and hysterectomy were performed to resect the lesion, and primary clear cell carcinoma of the vagina was finally diagnosed.
Quality and Safety in Health Care, Part LI
Authors: Harolds Jay A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Engagement has 3 different components, the most important of which are felt by some to be vigor and dedication. The third component is absorption. Engagement is considered by some to be the opposite of burnout, although others consider these terms to be not quite opposite, but nearly so. Engaged physicians have greater job satisfaction and less burnout and are less likely to leave their job than physicians who are not engaged. Those physicians who are engaged in their work tend to render patient care that is not only more efficient but also has a higher degree of quality and safety.
68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MR Can Be False Positive in Normal Prostatic Tissue
Authors: Ferraro Daniela A. , Rupp Niels J. , Donati Olivio F. , Messerli Michael , Eberli Daniel , Burger Irene A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in the cytosol of normal prostate tissue and highly overexpressed on the membrane of prostate cancer, therefore increasingly used to image prostate cancer. We report a case of a 65-year-old man with two focal PSMA-positive areas on a 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MR, one corresponding to a prostate carcinoma (Gleason score 4 + 3) and another region without any evidence of malignancy, but with corresponding high PSMA-expression on immunohistochemistry.
Superscan 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT of PSA-Negative Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases
Authors: Chen Bo , Macapinlac Homer A. , Lu Yang 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A 76-year-old man presented with recently diagnosed prostate adenocarcinoma, Gleason score of 4 + 4, and a Super bone scan with concurrent PSA of 1.7 ng/mL. Approximately 3.5 months later, an 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT was performed despite of a decreased PSA of 0.3 ng/mL. A Superscan fluciclovine PET/CT was identified, and bone metastasis were later confirmed at biopsy.
Cervical Thymic Cyst Around Hypoglossal Nerve
Authors: Atalay Fatma , Kars Ayhan , Önder Mehmet Oğuz Kaan , Gözeler Mustafa Sitki , Demirci Elif 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Cervical thymic cyst is rare lesions leading to cervical mass. As it is a rare entity, it might be confused with other congenital neck masses or neoplastic lesions. Preoperative diagnosis is almost impossible. In the present study, a patient who was operated with prediagnosis of branchial cyst and diagnosed with thymic cyst according to the histopathologic examination was presented. A 16-month-old girl was admitted to our clinic with the complaint of growing right neck mass that was realized about 4 months ago. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neck demonstrated a rim-enhanced hypointense cystic lesion in the posterior aspect of the submandibular gland, without tracheal right lateral and mid plane on MRI, curving common carotid artery to the medial. Patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia in company with existing findings. Hypoglossal nerve was surrounded by the mass, and the mass was totally resected. The final pathology result was reported as thymic cyst. Cervical thymic masses might be unnoticed in the differential diagnosis of the cervical mass as they are rarely seen entities. Histopathologic examination of the thymus tissue was performed for diagnosis. Surgical excision is the ideal treatment approach and no postoperative recurrence has been reported.
Surgical Implications of the Anteriorly Displaced Segments of the Anterior Cerebral Artery in the Management of Frontoethmoidal Meningoencephalocele
Authors: Prasad Vani , David David J. , Santoreneos Steve , Moore Mark H. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Preservation of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs) is important in the surgical management of frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele (FEME). This would avoid complications related to the loss of blood supply to the part of the brain supplied by the ACA. Previous reports have identified hydrocephalus, microcephaly, cerebral dysplasias amounting to a 15% to 20% prevalence of brain anomalies in patients with FEME. What has not been previously reported are cerebral vasculature changes in the frontal region in FEME and how these may impact on the surgical correction and clinical outcome.

Methods:
Two patients of FEME that demonstrate cautionary radiologic findings in relation to the ACAs and anterior fossa anatomy are discussed.

Results:
The ACA in a 4-year-old boy with FEME was displaced anteriorly with the long A1 segments that extend into the defect. In the 2nd patient, a 4-year-old girl, we report on the complications related to the injury of ACAs from a previously partially resected FEME.

Conclusion:
The importance of the anterior cerebral vasculature around the FEME during surgery is crucial to prevent complications resulting from damage to a looping A1 segment of the ACA.