bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation
Research of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide in Microchannel
Evaporator
Authors: Jing Lv , Dongdong Shi , Taisheng Wang , Yijun Fu , Chang Li 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the simulation model of two-dimensional (2D) distribution parameter of a CO2 microchannel evaporator was developed using the finite element method. The simulation model of the CO2 microchannel evaporator was written using matlab both considering the dry and wet conditions on air side, and different heat transfer characteristics of CO2 in two-phase region and overheated region. The experimental and simulation results in terms of CO2 temperature, wall temperature, inlet and outlet air temperatures, and convective heat transfer coefficient were compared. The simulation results have the same tendency with the experimental correlation results. The convective heat transfer efficient increases with the growth of CO2 inlet dryness, mass flow rate and air speed, while decreases along with the increase of evaporation pressure in two-phase region. The dry-out point appears earlier with larger CO2 inlet dryness, and higher air temperature, humidity and speed; however, it appears later with the increasing evaporation pressure and mass flow rate. The convective heat transfer coefficient at the dry-out point decreases dramatically due to the deteriorated heat transfer at this position, which indicates the necessity to prevent or retard the appearance of dry-out point.
Rotordynamic Characterization of a Staggered Labyrinth Seal: Experimental Test Data and Comparison With Predictions
Authors: Cangioli Filippo , Vannini Giuseppe , Pennacchi Paolo , Ciuchicchi Lorenzo , Nettis Leonardo , Chatterton Steven 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
As well known, the stability assessment of turbomachines is strongly related to internal sealing components. For instance, labyrinth seals are widely used in compressors, steam, and gas turbines and pumps to control the clearance leakage between rotating and stationary parts, owing to their simplicity, reliability, and tolerance to large thermal and pressure variations. Labyrinth seals working principle consists of reducing the leakage by imposing tortuous passages to the fluid that are effective on dissipating the kinetic energy of the fluid from high-pressure regions to low-pressure regions. Conversely, labyrinth seals could lead to dynamics issues. Therefore, an accurate estimation of their dynamic behavior is very important. In this paper, the experimental results of a long-staggered labyrinth seal will be presented. The results in terms of rotordynamic coefficients and leakage will be discussed as well as the critical assessment of the experimental measurements. Eventually, the experimental data are compared to the numerical results obtained with the new bulk-flow model (BFM) introduced in this paper.
Quantification of the Impact of Uncertainties in Operating Conditions on the Flame Transfer Function With Nonintrusive Polynomial Chaos Expansion
Authors: Avdonin Alexander , Polifke Wolfgang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Nonintrusive polynomial chaos expansion (NIPCE) is used to quantify the impact of uncertainties in operating conditions on the flame transfer function (FTF) of a premixed laminar flame. NIPCE requires only a small number of system evaluations, so it can be applied in cases where a Monte Carlo simulation is unfeasible. We consider three uncertain operating parameters: inlet velocity, burner plate temperature, and equivalence ratio. The FTF is identified in terms of the finite impulse response (FIR) from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with broadband velocity excitation. NIPCE yields uncertainties in the FTF due to the uncertain operating conditions. For the chosen uncertain operating bounds, a second-order expansion is found to be sufficient to represent the resulting uncertainties in the FTF with good accuracy. The effect of each operating parameter on the FTF is studied using Sobol indices, i.e., a variance-based measure of sensitivity, which are computed from the NIPCE. It is observed that in the present case, uncertainties in the FIR as well as in the phase of the FTF are dominated by the equivalence-ratio uncertainty. For frequencies below 150 Hz, the uncertainty in the gain of the FTF is also attributable to the uncertainty in equivalence-ratio, but for higher frequencies, the uncertainties in velocity and temperature dominate. At last, we adopt the polynomial approximation of the output quantity, provided by the NIPCE method, for further uncertainty quantification (UQ) studies with modified input uncertainties.
Phase
Change Material Melting in an Energy Storage Module for a Micro Environmental Control
System
Authors: Koz Mustafa , Ezzat
Khalifa H. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
An experimentally validated finite element model (FEM) was developed to analyze the design parameters of a latent heat storage device (LHSD) for a micro environmental control system (μX). The μX provides local cooling to an office worker in a room whose thermostat setpoint has been elevated from 23.9 °C (75 °F) to 26.1 °C (79 °F) in order to reduce heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption. For this application, the LHSD is designed to provide ≥50 W of cooling for a full, 8.5 h workday to restore thermal comfort in the warm, 26.1 °C room. The LHSD comprises several parallel slabs of encased phase change material (PCM) with interposed airflow channels. The airflow rate is selected to obtain ≥50 W of cooling at the end of the 8.5 h operation. The LHSD exhibits a decreasing cooling rate over the 8.5 h period when a constant airflow is passed through it, indicating that more cooling is supplied during the day than the minimum 50 W required for thermal comfort. The parametric analysis explores the effects of PCM thermal conductivity, slab thickness, air channel width, and number of slabs on LHSD performance. Parametric cases are compared against each other on the basis of their required PCM mass and energy consumption.
Oil in Water Monitoring Using Advanced Light Scattering
Authors: Seebacher Gernot , Schmidt Axel A. , Offermann Jochen 
Published: July 2018

The paper provides background on how bilge water has changed over the years and how technology has enabled manufacturers to stay ahead of the curve by borrowing technological breakthroughs from other areas to the measurement of oil content in the marine environment. Light scattering provides today a universal and reliable method, able to measure the wide range of oils present in a wildly variable and unpredictable bilge water mixture.
Bilge water regulations were put in place to reduce the potential of harm to the environment from oily bilge water discharges. Regulations require that instruments verify effluent quality continually during the discharge process, which precludes the adoption for shipboard use of standard laboratory style testing with the associated time delays to complete the analysis. Measuring oil content with the light scattering measuring instrument is a tried and tested means for compliant bilge water verification. State of the art instruments employ sophisticated light measuring systems and they use complex algorithms to convert the scattered light pattern values into oil content reading, thereby considering interference from other than oil suspended matter, they prevent harm to the environment from bilge water discharges.
Paper published with permission.
Ergonomic Notations for Ships and Offshore Structures
Authors: Baker Clifford , McSweeney Kevin , Pray Julie 
Published: July 2018

In cooperation with industry partners, ABS supports a database of maritime accidents and close calls, as well as the associated causes. Analyses of these data are used, in part, to guide the research and development activities of the ABS Safety and Human Factors Department. With regard to occupational safety, a dominant theme in these data is the relationship of the design of structures for means of access to crew member injuries and deaths, with significant numbers of these occurring during the use of ladders, stairs, hatches, platforms, and other access aids. As a result, an ABS Guide has been prepared to evaluate the ergonomic design characteristics of access structures aboard ships and offshore facilities. Compliance with the requirements in the Guide can lead to the granting of up to four separate ABS ergonomic notations (ERGO notations).
Paper published with permission.
Experience in the Verification of Energy Efficiency Design Index
Authors: Menon Balji C. 
Published: July 2018

The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) that is part of a new Chapter 4 of MARPOL Annex 6 on Energy Efficiency Regulations is mandatory for new ships effective 1 January 2013. During the period from 2011 to the end of 2012, many of the major shipyards and shipping companies have voluntarily complied with the requirements of EEDI calculation and verification for their newbuilds. This paper outlines requirements of EEDI verification procedure and aspects of the verification method that are important to the calculation of EEDI reference speed from speed trials. This paper shows the outcome of the verification process that some new ships have gone through, the degree of compliance achieved and the experience gained in EEDI verification for three types of ships: tankers, bulk carriers and containerships. Sources of uncertainties associated with lack of complete information from sea trials are identified. Comparison of the attained and required EEDI for the three vessel types demonstrating the degree of compliance in Phases 0 and 1 are included.
Paper published with permission.
Antimicrobial Resistance inListeriaSpecies
Authors: Luque-Sastre Laura , Arroyo Cristina , Fox Edward M. , McMahon Barry J. , Bai Li , Li Fengqin , Fanning Séamus 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTFor nearly a century the use of antibiotics to treat infectious diseases has benefited human and animal health. In recent years there has been an increase in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, in part attributed to the overuse of compounds in clinical and farming settings. The genusListeriacurrently comprises 17 recognized species found throughout the environment.Listeria monocytogenesis the etiological agent of listeriosis in humans and many vertebrate species, including birds, whereasListeria ivanoviicauses infections mainly in ruminants.L. monocytogenesis the third-most-common cause of death from food poisoning in humans, and infection occurs in at-risk groups, including pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
Factors that affect patient reported outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction–a systematic review of the Scandinavian knee ligament registers
Authors: Hamrin Senorski Eric , Svantesson Eleonor , Baldari Angelo , Ayeni Olufemi R , Engebretsen Lars , Franceschi Francesco , Karlsson Jón , Samuelsson Kristian 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review of findings from the Scandinavian knee ligament registers with regard to factors that affect patient reported outcome after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesFour electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and AMED were searched, and 157 studies were identified. Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts and full text articles for eligibility. A modified version of the Downs and Black checklist was applied for quality appraisal.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies published from the Scandinavian registers from their establishment in 2004 and onwards that documented patient reported outcome and provided information on concomitant injuries were eligible.ResultsA total of 35 studies were included. Younger age at ACL reconstruction, male sex, not smoking and receiving a hamstring tendon autograft positively influenced patient reported outcome. Patients with concomitant cartilage and meniscal injuries reported inferior subjective knee function compared with patients with an isolated ACL tear. One study reported that patients treated non-reconstructively reported inferior knee function compared with patients who had ACL reconstruction.ConclusionYounger age, male sex, not smoking, receiving a hamstring tendon autograft and the absence of concomitant injuries were associated with superior patient reported outcomes after ACL reconstruction.
Public subsidies and the recommendation of child vaccines among primary care physicians: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Sakanishi Yuta , Yamamoto Yosuke , Hara Megumi , Fukumori Norio , Goto Yoshihito , Kusaba Tesshu , Tanaka Keitaro , Sugioka Takashi , Vaccine Project Team Japan Primary Care Association , Fukuhara Shunichi 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveAlthough public subsidies and physician recommendations for vaccination play key roles in increasing childhood vaccination coverage, the association between them remains uncertain. This study aimed to identify the association between awareness of public subsidies and recommendations forHaemophilus influenzaetype b (Hib),Streptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)) and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations among primary care physicians in Japan.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study.SettingIn 2012, a questionnaire was distributed among 3000 randomly selected physicians who were members of the Japan Primary Care Association.ParticipantsFrom the questionnaire, participants were limited to physicians who administered childhood vaccinations.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary measures were participants’ awareness of public subsidies and their recommendation levels for Hib, PCV and HPV vaccines. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between awareness and recommendation, with adjustment for possible confounders.ResultsThe response rate was 25.8% (743/2880). Of 743 physician respondents, 434 were included as analysis subjects. The proportions of those who recommended vaccinations were 57.1% for Hib, 54.1% for PCV and 58.1% for HPV. For each vaccine, multivariable analyses showed physicians who were aware of the subsidy were more likely to recommend vaccination than those who were not aware: the adjusted ORs were 4.21 (95% CI 2.47 to 7.15) for Hib, 4.96 (95% CI 2.89 to 8.53) for PCV and 4.17 (95% CI 2.00 to 8.70) for HPV.ConclusionsPrimary care physicians’ awareness of public subsidies was found to be associated with their recommendations for the Hib, PCV and HPV vaccines. Provision of information about public subsidies to these physicians may increase their likelihood to recommend vaccination.
Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications at admission and discharge among hospitalised elderly patients with acute medical illness at a single centre in Japan: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Komagamine Junpei 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) at admission and discharge among hospitalised elderly patients with acute medical illness in Japan.DesignA retrospective single-centre cross-sectional study.ParticipantsHospitalised patients aged 65 years or older admitted for pneumonia, heart failure, ischaemic stroke, acute coronary syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, gastrointestinal bleeding, urinary tract infection or epilepsy from September 2014 to June 2016 who were still alive at discharge.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of patients taking at least one PIM at admission and discharge. PIMs were defined based on the 2015 American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria. Temporal changes in the proportion of patients taking at least one PIM from admission to discharge were also evaluated.ResultsDuring the study period, 689 eligible patients were identified. The median patient age was 82.0 years (IQR 76.0–88.0), 348 (50.5%) were men and the median number of medications at admission was 5.0 (IQR 3.0–8.0). The proportions of patients taking any PIMs at admission and discharge were 47.9% (95% CI 44.2% to 51.6%) and 25.1% (95% CI 21.9% to 28.4%), respectively. The proportion of patients taking any PIMs was significantly lower at discharge than at admission (reduction rate 0.48, 95%, CI 0.41 to 0.53).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of hospitalised elderly patients with acute medical illness took PIMs at admission and discharge. These findings should be confirmed at other hospitals in Japan.
Sustainable Undernutrition Reduction in Ethiopia (SURE) evaluation study: a protocol to evaluate impact, process and context of a large-scale integrated health and agriculture programme to improve complementary feeding in Ethiopia
Authors: Moss Cami , Bekele Tesfaye Hailu , Salasibew Mihretab Melesse , Sturgess Joanna , Ayana Girmay , Kuche Desalegn , Eshetu Solomon , Abera Andinet , Allen Elizabeth , Dangour Alan D 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionImproving complementary feeding in Ethiopia requires special focus on dietary diversity. The Sustainable Undernutrition Reduction in Ethiopia (SURE) programme is a government-led multisectoral intervention that aims to integrate the work of the health and agriculture sectors to deliver a complex multicomponent intervention to improve child feeding and reduce stunting. The Federal Ministries of Health and Agriculture and Natural Resources implement the intervention. The evaluation aims to assess a range of processes, outcomes and impacts.Methods and analysisThe SURE evaluation study is a theory-based, mixed methods study comprising impact and process evaluations. We hypothesise that the package of SURE interventions, including integrated health and agriculture behaviour change communication for nutrition, systems strengthening and multisectoral coordination, will result in detectable differences in minimum acceptable diet in children 6–23 months and stunting in children 24–47 months between intervention and comparison groups. Repeated cross-sectional household surveys will be conducted at baseline and endline to assess impact. The process will be assessed using observations, key informant interviews and focus group discussions to investigate the fidelity and dose of programme implementation, behavioural pathways of impact and contextual factors interacting with the intervention. Pathways of impact will also be explored through statistical analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethics approval from the scientific and ethical review committees at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The findings will be disseminated collaboratively with stakeholders at specified time points and through peer-reviewed publications and presentations.
Does providing a brief internet intervention for hazardous alcohol use to people seeking online help for depression reduce both alcohol use and depression symptoms among participants with these co-occurring disorders? Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cunningham John A , Hendershot Christian S , Kay-Lambkin Frances , Neighbors Clayton , Griffiths Kathleen M , Bennett Kylie , Bennett Anthony , Godinho Alexandra , Schell Christina 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionHazardous alcohol consumption is common among people experiencing depression, often acting to exacerbate depressive symptoms. While many people with these co-occurring disorders do not seek face-to-face treatment, they do seek help online. There are effective internet interventions that target hazardous alcohol consumption or depression separately but none that combine these online interventions without the involvement of a therapist. In order to realise the potential of internet interventions, we need to develop an evidence base supporting the efficacy of internet interventions for co-occurring depression and hazardous alcohol use without any therapist involvement. This study aims to evaluate the effects on drinking, and on depressive symptoms, of combining an internet intervention targeting hazardous alcohol consumption with one for depression.Methods and analysisA double blinded, parallel group randomised controlled trial will be used. Participants with current depression who also drink in a hazardous fashion (n=986) will be recruited for a study to ‘help improve an online intervention for depression’. Participants will be randomised either to receive an established online intervention for depression (MoodGYM) or to receive MoodGYM plus a brief internet intervention for hazardous alcohol consumption (Check Your Drinking; CYD). Participants will be contacted 3 and 6 months after receiving the interventions to assess changes in drinking and depression symptoms. It is predicted that participants receiving the CYD intervention in addition to MoodGYM will report greater postintervention reductions in alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms compared with those who received MoodGYM only. Hypothesised mediation and moderation effects will also be investigated. Using an intention-to-treat basis for the analyses, the hypotheses will be tested using a generalised linear hypothesis framework, and longitudinal analyses will use either generalised linear mixed modelling or generalised estimating equation approach where appropriate.Ethics and disseminationThis research comprises the crucial first steps in developing lower-cost and efficacious internet interventions for people suffering from depression who also drink in a hazardous fashion—promoting the widespread availability of care for those in need. This study has been approved by the standing ethics review committee of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and findings will be disseminated in the form of at least one peer-reviewed article and presentations at conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03421080; Pre-results.
Results of the UK NEQAS for Molecular Genetics reference sample analysis
Authors: Richman Susan D , Fairley Jennifer , Hall Jacqueline A , Nataraj Nakul , Bhide Mrudul , Lau Aron , Norman Kara L , Deans Zandra C 
Published: July 2018

AimsIn addition to providing external quality assessment (EQA) schemes, United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment service (UK NEQAS) for Molecular Genetics also supports the education of laboratories. As an enhancement to the Molecular Pathology EQA scheme, a human cell-line reference sample, manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific (AcroMetrix), was provided for analysis. This contained many variants, present at frequencies between 1% and 17.9%.MethodsOne hundred and one laboratories submitted results, with a total of 2889 test results on 53 genes being reported. Known polymorphisms, 46/2889 (1.59%) results, were excluded. Variants detected in the seven most commonly reported (and clinically relevant) genes,KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, EGFR, PIK3CA, KITandPDGFRA, are reported here, as these genes fall within the scope of UK NEQAS EQA schemes.ResultsNext generation sequencing (NGS) was the most commonly performed testing platform. There were between 5 and 27 validated variants in the seven genes reported here. Eight laboratories correctly reported all fiveNRASvariants, and two correctly reported all eightBRAFvariants. The validated mean variant frequency was lower than that determined by participating laboratories, with single-gene testing methodologies showing less variation in estimated frequencies than NGS platforms. Laboratories were more likely to correctly identify clinically relevant variants.ConclusionsOver 100 laboratories took the opportunity to test the ‘educational reference sample’, showing a willingness to further validate their testing platforms. While it was encouraging to see that the most widely reported variants were those which should be included in routine testing panels, reporting of variants was potentially open to interpretation, thus clarity is still required on whether laboratories selectively reported variants, by either clinical relevance or variant frequency.