bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling the Uptake of Diarylethene‐Based Cell‐Penetrating Peptides into Cells Using Light
Authors: Schober Tim , Wehl Ilona , Afonin Sergii , Babii Oleg , Iampolska Anna , Schepers Ute , Komarov Igor V. , Ulrich Anne S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report on diarylethene (DAE)‐containing photoswitchable cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) capable of photocontrolled cell entry. We demonstrate in vitro that reversible photoisomerization of a DAE fragment in the backbones of non‐cytotoxic cyclic peptides influences their binding to cell membranes and subsequent CPP‐mediated cargo internalization. Benign red light can be used to activate cell entry of our compounds. We suggest that the observed differences in cell uptake of the two photoisomers are due to changes in the molecular flexibility achieved upon DAE photoisomerization.
Effects of Polar Substituents and Media on the Performance of N,N′‐Di‐tert‐Butoxycarbonyl‐Indigos as Photoswitches
Authors: Koeppe Benjamin , Schröder Vincent R. F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe N,N′‐di‐tert‐butoxycarbonylindigo parent compound and four symmetrically substituted derivatives alternatively containing methoxy and nitro substituents in positions 5 and 6 were synthesized. The photochromic behavior was studied in solvents ranging in polarity from toluene to acetonitrile/water mixtures and characterized in terms of trans and cis isomer spectra, conversion quantum yields and thermal half‐lives of the metastable cis isomers. The half‐lives at 21 °C varied from a few seconds (5‐nitro in polar solvents) to several days (6‐methoxy in apolar media) and can be described by the substituents’ Hammett constants. Spectroscopic and photochemical parameters, in contrast, are governed largely by the substituents’ resonance effects according to a scheme well known from thioindigos and these are termed here favorable and unfavorable resonance effects (FRE and URE, respectively). The title photoswitches show little propensity to quenching by protons and may be operated in aqueous media.
Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes with Mesoionic Dibenzofuranyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐ylidene Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Soellner Johannes , Strassner Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlatinum(II) complexes with mesoionic
*‐cyclometalating 1,2,3‐triazolylidene ligands are highly efficient phosphorescent emitters. Herein we report a series of this type bearing dibenzofuranyl‐substituted carbenes along with different β‐diketonate auxiliary ligands. They show luminescence in the green region of the visible spectrum and quantum yields of up to 78 % at room temperature. The proposed molecular structures were verified by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction experiments which prove the formation of the mesoionic carbene. Additionally, DFT calculations and cyclic voltammetry measurements were used to rationalize the observed photophysical properties of the reported complexes.
Acute Metabolic Switch Assay Using Glucose/Galactose Medium in HepaRG Cells to Detect Mitochondrial Toxicity
Authors: Kamalian Laleh , Douglas Oisin , Jolly Carol E. , Snoeys Jan , Simic Damir , Monshouwer Mario , Williams Dominic P. , Park B. Kevin , Chadwick Amy E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing galactose instead of glucose in the culture medium of hepatoma cell lines, such as HepG2 cells, has been utilized for a decade to unmask the mitochondrial liability of chemical compounds. A modified glucose‐galactose assay on HepG2 cells, reducing the experimental period for screening of mitochondrial toxicity to 2 to 4 hr, has been previously reported. HepaRG cells are one of the few cell lines that retain some of the important characteristics of human hepatocytes, offering advantages of working with a cell line, therefore, are considered an alternative for HepG2 cells in drug toxicity screening. A method is described here using HepaRG cells in an acute metabolic switch assay utilizing specific glucose/galactose media, a combined ATP‐protein‐LDH assay measuring three endpoints from one 96‐well plate, and a criteria to label a compound as a mitochondrial toxin. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Reliable Preclinical Model to Study the Impact of Cigarette Smoke in Development and Disease
Authors: Aedo Geraldine , Miranda Miguel , Chávez Myra N. , Allende Miguel L. , Egaña José T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe World Health Organization has estimated that, worldwide, cigarette smoking has caused more than 100 million deaths in the last century, a number that is expected to increase in the future. Understanding cigarette smoke toxicity is key for research and development of proper public health policies. The current challenge is to establish a reliable preclinical model to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoke. In this work, we describe a simple method that allows for quantifying the toxic effects of cigarette smoke using zebrafish. Here, viability of larvae and adult fish, as well as the effects of cigarette smoke extracts on vascular development and tissue regeneration, can be easily assayed. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Self‐assessment of eating disorder recovery: Absence of eating disorder psychopathology is not essential
Authors: Slof‐Op 't Landt Margarita C.T. , Dingemans Alexandra E. , de la Torre Y Rivas Jésus , van Furth Eric F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe definition of recovery in eating disorders (EDs) according to researchers is not necessarily similar to the patient definition. This study aimed to explore the concept of recovery as assessed by those affected by an ED themselves.MethodParticipants from the Netherlands Eating disorder Registry (NER) who reported an (former) ED diagnosis (n = 814) assessed their own recovery level: current ED, partial or full recovery. Furthermore, research‐based criteria (Bardone‐Cone et al., Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2010, 48, 194–202) were applied to define recovery. Within the self‐assessed full recovery group (n = 179), participants who also fulfilled the research‐based criteria were compared to those who were only recovered based on self‐assessment in the following domains: ED psychopathology, psychiatric comorbidity, quality of life, and social and societal participation.ResultsNinety‐six of the participants (54%) who considered themselves recovered did not fulfill the research‐based definition. The two recovery groups did not significantly differ in psychiatric comorbidity, quality of life, and social and societal participation.DiscussionAbsence of ED characteristics was not essential for individuals to consider themselves recovered. Although the self‐assessed recovery status may be subjective, it does advocate the use of additional health indicators besides ED psychopathology when defining recovery.
Insect and plant traits drive local and landscape effects on herbivory in grassland fragments
Authors: Rossetti Maria Rosa , Rösch Verena , Videla Martín , Tscharntke Teja , Batáry Péter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerbivory is one of the most important antagonistic insect–plant interactions and can be influenced by factors at local and landscape scales. Landscape fragmentation may reduce herbivory directly (i.e., decreasing abundance and species richness of herbivores), but also indirectly increase herbivory (i.e., releasing herbivores from top‐down control). At a local scale, reduced plant diversity may enhance herbivory through lessened associated resistance, while resource availability (i.e., higher vegetation height and cover) may promote herbivory. Few studies have simultaneously considered the influence of local and landscape variables on insect herbivory. We evaluate effects of landscape (fragment size, connectivity, and arable land percentage) and local factors (plant cover and height and plant species richness) on insect herbivory in fragmented calcareous grasslands. Further, we ask whether these effects depend on feeding traits of herbivores (chewers vs. suckers) and habitat specialization of plants (specialists vs. generalists). Results show that herbivory was best explained by models including variables at both local and landscape scales. However, local factors were more important than landscape variables. Herbivory was in all cases positively related to height of herbs (i.e., taller and more heterogeneous food resources), whereas the effect of plant species richness varied with feeding traits of herbivores. Herbivory by chewers, which are commonly more generalist feeders, was negatively affected by plant species richness, supporting the idea of associated plant resistance. In contrast, herbivory by suckers, which tend to be more specialized, increased with plant richness. Although there was little influence of landscape scale, herbivory on specialist plants was significantly higher in smaller grasslands probably as a consequence of herbivore release from natural enemies. Functional redundancy among herbivore species would allow to maintain overall herbivory in fragmented calcareous grasslands. This study highlights the need to consider different herbivore and plant traits for a better understanding of herbivory responses to local and landscape factors.
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or IVIg‐treated macrophages reduce DSS‐induced colitis by inducing macrophage IL‐10 production
Authors: Kozicky Lisa K. , Menzies Susan C. , Hotte Naomi , Madsen Karen L. , Sly Laura M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used to treat immune‐mediated diseases but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. We have reported that co‐treatment with IVIg and lipopolysaccharide activates macrophages to produce large amounts of anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 in vitro. Thus, we asked whether IVIg‐treated macrophages or IVIg could reduce intestinal inflammation in mice during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis by inducing macrophage IL‐10 production in vivo. Adoptive transfer of IVIg‐treated macrophages reduces intestinal inflammation in mice and collagen accumulation post‐DSS. IVIg treatment also reduces DSS‐induced intestinal inflammation and its activity is dependent on the Fc portion of the antibody. Ex vivo, IVIg induces IL‐10 production and reduces IL‐12/23p40 and IL‐1β production in colon explant cultures. Co‐staining tissues for mRNA, we demonstrate that macrophages are the source of IL‐10 in IVIg‐treated mice; and using IL‐10‐GFP reporter mice, we demonstrate that IVIg induces IL‐10 production by intestinal macrophages. Finally, IVIg‐mediated protection is lost in mice deficient in macrophage IL‐10 production (LysMcre+/−IL‐10fl/fl mice). Together, our data demonstrate a novel, in vivo mechanism of action for IVIg. IVIg‐treated macrophages or IVIg could be used to treat people with intestinal inflammation and may be particularly useful for people with inflammatory bowel disease, who are refractory to therapy.
A roadmap to integrate astrocytes into Systems Neuroscience
Authors: Kastanenka Ksenia V. , Moreno‐Bote Rubén , De Pittà Maurizio , Perea Gertrudis , Eraso‐Pichot Abel , Masgrau Roser , Poskanzer Kira E. , Galea Elena 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSystems neuroscience is still mainly a neuronal field, despite the plethora of evidence supporting the fact that astrocytes modulate local neural circuits, networks, and complex behaviors. In this article, we sought to identify which types of studies are necessary to establish whether astrocytes, beyond their well‐documented homeostatic and metabolic functions, perform computations implementing mathematical algorithms that sub‐serve coding and higher‐brain functions. First, we reviewed Systems‐like studies that include astrocytes in order to identify computational operations that these cells may perform, using Ca2+ transients as their encoding language. The analysis suggests that astrocytes may carry out canonical computations in a time scale of subseconds to seconds in sensory processing, neuromodulation, brain state, memory formation, fear, and complex homeostatic reflexes. Next, we propose a list of actions to gain insight into the outstanding question of which variables are encoded by such computations. The application of statistical analyses based on machine learning, such as dimensionality reduction and decoding in the context of complex behaviors, combined with connectomics of astrocyte–neuronal circuits, is, in our view, fundamental undertakings. We also discuss technical and analytical approaches to study neuronal and astrocytic populations simultaneously, and the inclusion of astrocytes in advanced modeling of neural circuits, as well as in theories currently under exploration such as predictive coding and energy‐efficient coding. Clarifying the relationship between astrocytic Ca2+ and brain coding may represent a leap forward toward novel approaches in the study of astrocytes in health and disease.
Microglia roles in synaptic plasticity and myelination in homeostatic conditions and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Bar Ela , Barak Boaz 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicroglia are the immune cells of the brain, involved in synapse formation, circuit sculpting, myelination, plasticity, and cognition. Being active players during early development as well as in adulthood, microglia affect other cells directly by their long processes and unique receptors and indirectly by secreting growth factors and cytokines. In this review, we discuss the roles of microglia in neurodevelopmental disorders, synaptic plasticity, myelination, and homeostatic conditions throughout human and mouse development. Within these processes, we specifically focus on the contribution of altered microglial interactions with neurons and oligodendrocytes, altered cytokine and growth factor activities, and alterations in the complement system. We conclude by highlighting future perspectives and providing an overview of future research on microglia.
Size at birth and cognitive ability in late life: A systematic review
Authors: Krishna Murali , Jones Steven , Maden Michelle , DU Bharath , MC Ramya , Kumaran Kalyanaraman , Karat Samuel Christraprasad , Fall Caroline H.D. 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionRecent evidence suggests that growth restriction in utero may lead to neurocognitive disorders in late life, either through impaired brain development or adverse metabolic programming.MethodsSystematic review of literature investigating the relationship between size at birth and cognitive abilities in late life. The search, data extraction, and rating for the quality of reporting were conducted independently by two researchers.ResultsOf 533 selected studies, 11 were included in this systematic review and 10 of these were from high‐income setting. Of these 11 studies, eight indicated that lower birth weight is a risk factor for lower cognitive function in late life, at least in high‐income countries. The reported effect sizes were small and it was not possible to conduct meta‐analyses because of clinical heterogeneityDiscussionA modest association of lower birth weight with lower cognitive abilities in late life is consistent with persisting effects of the prenatal environment on brain function. As with all observational studies, confounding is an alternative explanation. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms.
Associations of gestational age and birth anthropometric indicators with brain white matter maturation in full‐term neonates
Authors: Jin Chao , Li Yanyan , Li Xianjun , Liu Congcong , Wang Miaomiao , Cheng Yannan , Zheng Jie , Yang Jian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNewborn assessments, including gestational age (GA) and anthropometric measurements (birth weight, crown‐heel length, head circumference) are routinely performed in pediatric settings, being used as important indicators in assessing neonatal development. Close associations of these birth indicators with later cognitive abilities were also reported. However, specific associations of these indicators with white matter (WM) development during the neonatal period remain unclear, as well as the extent to which they influence WM maturation. To address this issue, 51 full‐term neonates (GA range, 37–42 weeks) with no abnormalities on MRI were retrospectively recruited. Specific correlations between birth indicators and WM maturation, quantified by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)‐metrics (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity), were identified by using DTI tract‐based spatial statistics and automated fiber‐tract quantification. Our findings suggest that (a) higher GA, birth weight, and crown‐heel length may indicate greater WM maturation in full‐term neonates, while head circumference presented weak correlation with WM maturation during early newborn period; (b) among the four indicators examined, GA was the one most associated with WM maturation. We believe that this study advances our knowledge of specific correlations between birth indicators and neonatal brain development and provides a valuable reference for future neonatal studies.
Affordable and low‐maintenance obstetric devices
Authors: Ayres‐de‐Campos Diogo , Stones William , Theron Gerhard ,   the FIGO Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health Commitee
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveAdequate obstetric care requires the availability of essential diagnostic and management equipment; however, for centers with budget restrictions, the acquisition and maintenance of these devices can pose major challenges. The purpose of the present paper is to disseminate knowledge about the availability of affordable and low‐maintenance obstetric devices, which might help to save lives in low‐ and medium‐resource countries.MethodOver the course of 2015–2018, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health Committee acquired information from different clinical and commercial sources regarding the availability of affordable and low‐maintenance essential obstetric devices.ResultsThe Committee identified several devices that met the criteria of low cost and ease of maintenance: a winding handheld Doppler device for intermittent auscultation; a portable continuous fetal heart rate monitor; a validated semi‐automated blood pressure monitor; the Foley catheter balloon for labor induction in women with an unfavorable cervix; reusable metal and plastic vacuum cups and manual pumps; an intrauterine tamponade balloon; and the non‐pneumatic anti‐shock garment.ConclusionSeveral affordable and low‐maintenance obstetric devices are currently available that offer the potential to save lives in resource‐constrained settings.
Evolution of a dynamic molecular switch
Authors: Taylor Susan S. , Meharena Hiruy S. , Kornev Alexandr P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEukaryotic protein kinases (EPKs) regulate almost every biological process and have evolved to be dynamic molecular switches; this is in stark contrast to metabolic enzymes, which have evolved to be efficient catalysts. In particular, the highly conserved active site of every EPK is dynamically and transiently assembled by a process that is highly regulated and unique for every protein kinase. We review here the essential features of the kinase core, focusing on the conserved motifs and residues that are embedded in every kinase. We explore, in particular, how the hydrophobic core architecture specifically drives the dynamic assembly of the regulatory spine and consequently the organization of the active site where the γ‐phosphate of ATP is positioned by a convergence of conserved motifs including a conserved regulatory triad for transfer to a protein substrate. In conclusion, we show how the flanking N‐ and C‐terminal tails often classified as intrinsically disordered regions, as well as flanking domains, contribute in a highly kinase‐specific manner to the regulation of the conserved kinase core. Understanding this process as well as how one kinase activates another remains as two of the big challenges for the kinase signaling community. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(6):672–684, 2019
Competing endogenous RNA network of endometrial carcinoma: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Liu Jinhui , Nie Sipei , Liang Junya , Jiang Yi , Wan Yicong , Zhou Shulin , Cheng Wenjun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCompeting endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network is dysregulated in the initiation and progression of tumors. In the present study, we explored the regulatory mechanism of ceRNA in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and the potential key molecules with potential value in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of EC. The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles (552 EC tissues and 35 nontumor tissues) and microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profiles (546 EC tissues and 33 nontumor tissues) were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database to identify differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs) in EC. An integrated bioinformatics analysis was used to construct an EC‐specific ceRNA network and select key molecules. As a result, 96 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), 29 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and 77 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified. An EC‐specific ceRNA network was built based on nine DElncRNAs significantly associated with overall survival. CCNB1 was found as a key gene in EC through the weighted gene coexpression network analysis and protein‐protein interaction network analysis. Our ceRNA network showed C2orf48 and LINC00483 might upregulate CCNB1 via competing with miR‐183. In addition, we found a subnetwork which contained survival‐associated DERNAs (AC110491.1, LINC00483‐miR‐192‐GRHL1). The results of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction supported the relative expressions of C2orf48, LINC00483 were upregulated and that of AC110491.1 was downregulated in EC. We further found C2orf48 was upregulated in serous EC, endometrioid EC, and mixed serous and endometrioid EC. LINC00483 was upregulated in mixed serous and endometrioid EC compared with that in the normal tissues according to UALCAN database. In addition, candidate small molecular drugs were screened out by ConnectivityMap based on the 77 DEmRNAs in the ceRNA network. Eventually, C2orf48, LINC00483, and AC110491.1 were identified as three key lncRNAs in EC.
Affective forecasting and accuracy in social anhedonia: Predicted and experienced emotion for a social interaction
Authors: Moore Melody M. , Chan Raymond C. K. , Huang Jia , Martin Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivePrevious research suggests people with social anhedonia (SocAnh) exhibit deficits in anticipated pleasure for social stimuli relative to controls. However, previous research has relied on hypothetical social stimuli and has focused on anticipated pleasure without examining negative affect.MethodParticipants were informed that they would complete an “enjoyable” sharing task with a peer and were asked to forecast positive and negative affect during the interaction. After the interaction, participants reported their experienced emotions.ResultsWe found SocAnh and controls anticipated and experienced similar levels of positive affect and that both groups underpredicted positive affect. The SocAnh group anticipated and experienced more negative affect than controls and was more accurate in forecasting negative affect.ConclusionThis is the first study to show that SocAnh is associated with the heightened anticipation of negative affect and that experiencing heightened negative affect during social interactions could drive reduced motivation and desire to engage in future social interaction.