bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site–Year Characteristics Have a Critical Impact on Crop Sensor Calibrations for Nitrogen Recommendations
Authors: Colaço A.F. , Bramley R.G.V. 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Reflectance sensors are often calibrated to predict yield potential and crop nitrogen response.Site–year characteristics affect crop sensor calibrations.Univariate sensor models (e.g. those focused solely on normalized difference vegetation index) derived from multi site–year experimentation can have low accuracy.Soil moisture and crop sensor information should be combined for more holistic calibrations.
Sensor‐based approaches to delivering nitrogen (N) fertilizer recommendations often rely on field experimentation to build calibrations between sensor readings and particular crop variables of interest. One important question is the extent to which calibrations derived from specific locations in specific seasons can be confidently extrapolated to other locations in future seasons. In this study, we examined a dataset covering 19 yr of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield potential and crop N response calibrations to help answer two questions. First, what drives the variability in sensor calibration between different years? Second, what are the consequences of seasonal variability for the accuracy of sensor predictions and N recommendations? Deep soil moisture information, measured between 50 and 90 d after sowing, helped to explain the variability in the R2 and equation coefficients of yield potential and response index sensor calibrations between years. When data from multiple experimental years were combined to build generalized models, the R2 was quite low (∼0.25 for all 19 yr of data). Consequently, the benefit of the N rates recommended by the sensor over a conventional application based on historical optimum N rates was insignificant. We suggest that, rather than increasing experimental years indiscriminately, the relevant seasonal covariates should be incorporated into the sensor predictions in order build holistic sensor models. The results also highlight the likelihood that relevant site‐specific information, such as soil moisture status, may also explain between‐site variation in sensor calibration and so promote an enhanced ability to extrapolate calibrations from one location to another.
Plant Traits to Increase Winter Wheat Yield in Semiarid and Subhumid Environments
Authors: Sciarresi Cintia , Patrignani Andres , Soltani Afshin , Sinclair Thomas , Lollato Romulo P. 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Wheat simulations occurred in over 2000 site–years for semiarid and subhumid climates.Limited transpiration trait increased wheat yield in 12 g m−2 in semiarid climate.Root exploration traits improved wheat yield by 60 g m−2 in semiarid climate.Faster leaf development trait increased wheat yield by 21 g m−2 across the entire study‐regionGenetic variability exists for the above traits for breeding programs to explore.
Genetic variability exists for plant traits that confer drought tolerance to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); however, there are limited quantitative assessments on the long‐term effects of these traits on wheat yield. As some of these traits might be detrimental in wet years, our objectives were to assess predicted winter wheat yield gains resulting from six altered traits in a moist subhumid to semiarid climate transition area. We used a mechanistic crop simulation model and daily weather data for 30 consecutive years at semiarid (n = 27), dry‐ (n = 23) and moist‐subhumid (n = 18) locations in the US Southern Great Plains. Modified traits were limited transpiration rate under elevated vapor pressure deficit, deeper root system, faster root development, early or late stomata closure in response to soil drying, faster or slower leaf area development, and shorter vegetative cycle. Probability of water‐deficit, defined as fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) < 0.3 (i.e., limiting to transpiration), was 0.1 and 0.9 for the moist subhumid and semiarid environments, respectively. Increased root depth and rate of root development resulted in 35.5 to 87.3 g m−2 yield increases and probabilities of yield gain > 0.7 in dry subhumid and semiarid environments. Faster leaf area development resulted in probabilities of yield gain > 0.85 in subhumid environments. Limited transpiration rate increased grain yield by 12 g m−2 in semiarid environments. Neutral traits were early‐ and late‐stomatal closure in response to soil drying, reduced length of vegetative cycle, and slow rate of leaf area development.
Cover Crops on Temporal and Spatial Variations in Soil Microbial Communities by Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiling
Authors: Rankoth Lalith M. , Udawatta Ranjith P. , Gantzer Clark J. , Jose Shibu , Veum Kristen , Dewanto Haryo A. 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Cover crops improve soil microbial biomass compared to no cover crop and influence soil microbial community structure.Soil microbial communities change both spatially and temporally.Results of the study imply that integration of CC in a regular corn–soybean rotation can improve soil quality and environmental benefits.
Although cover crops (CC) are believed to play a major role in soil quality improvement, the effects of CC on microbial populations and community structure is not well understood. The objective of this study was to quantify CC effects on soil microbial biomass and community structure under a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. The study was conducted at the Chariton County Cover Crop Soil Health Research and Demonstration Farm (CCSH) in Missouri, USA, where CC were first established in 2012. Soils were sampled in 2016, 2017, and 2018 from the 0‐ to 10‐cm depth layer using a grid sampling design and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles were determined. Microbial biomass and microbial community structure (total fungi, total bacteria, rhizobia, gram (−), and actinomycetes biomass), as estimated from the PLFA biomarkers, were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the CC treatment compared to no cover crop (NCC) in 2016 and 2018 (2.4‐ and 1.7‐fold larger, respectively). Within the CC treatment, differences by soil type were also observed, finding that the silt loam soil supported greater total microbial biomass than the loam soil in 2018. Spatial distribution patterns of total microbial biomass, bacteria biomass and fungi biomass differed with time. Overall, this study demonstrated that the CC treatment affected the soil microbial community biomass and structure, which has potential environmental, production, and soil quality benefits.
Identification of Combining Ability Patterns for Pearl Millet Hybrid Breeding in West Africa
Authors: Sattler Felix T. , Pucher Anna , Kassari Ango Issoufou , Sy Ousmane , Ahmadou Issaka , Hash C. Tom , Haussmann Bettina I. G. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTDiets of West African (WA) smallholder farmers are built on pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Sustainable pearl millet hybrid breeding is challenging in WA, mostly due to an extensive genetic diversity combined with a high degree of admixture. In the absence of natural heterotic groups, understanding combining ability patterns can enable systematic development of heterotic groups and make sustainable hybrid breeding feasible. The objectives of this study were to evaluate heterosis and combining ability patterns and their relationship with genetic distance among WA pearl millets based on population hybrids, and to derive conclusions for future breeding programs. Therefore, 17 open‐pollinated varieties (OPVs) were crossed in a diallel mating design and tested together with their offspring in nine environments over 2 yr in Niger and Senegal. Genetic distances between the OPVs were evaluated with twenty microsatellite markers. Average panmictic better‐parent heterosis (PBPH) was 18% (1–47%) for panicle yield. A principal coordinate analysis based on genotyping results separated parental OPVs clearly by geographic origin. Although there was no relationship between genetic distance among OPVs and PBPH, we confirmed good combining ability among selected OPVs from Niger vs. Senegal. The identified cultivars (Nigerien CIVT, H80‐10Gr, and Taram and Senegalese Thialack 2 and Souna 3) with high combining ability are recommended for founding divergent heterotic pools targeting long‐panicle pearl millet hybrids. Our study shows the benefits of population hybrids and represents an important step to identify combining ability patterns and initial heterotic groups for WA pearl millet hybrid breeding.
Soil Nitrogen and Greenhouse Gas Dynamics in a Temperate Grassland under Experimental Warming and Defoliation
Authors: Bork Edward W. , Attaeian Behnaz , Cahill James F. , Chang Scott X. 
Published: May 2019

Core IdeasWarming but not defoliation increased short‐term N mineralization.The CO2efflux initially increased with warming and defoliation but promptly stabilized.Warming and defoliation reduced N2O emissions but not when combined.Soil responses to warming were complex and transient in this temperate grassland.Grasslands are important for C storage and supporting livestock production, yet little is understood about how warming interacts with defoliation to alter soil C and N dynamics. We examined how increased growing season temperature and defoliation influenced soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), N mineral dynamics, and greenhouse gas (GHG) flux within the top 15 cm of mineral soil in a northern temperate grassland of Alberta, Canada. We performed a 2‐yr experiment with open‐top chambers to increase soil temperatures, with warming assessed alone and combined with a single intense midsummer defoliation treatment. Soil MBC and MBN did not respond to warming or defoliation (P> 0.05). Warming increased soil nitrification and net N mineralization in the spring of the second growing season (P< 0.05) but did not persist beyond May. Although warming and defoliation both increased CO2efflux separately during the first growing season (P< 0.05), the combination of these treatments reduced CO2efflux to levels similar to the controls, with no lasting effects into the following growing season. Warming also interacted with defoliation to increase N2O flux in the second growing season relative to plots under either warming or defoliation treatment, whereas CH4uptake was not influenced by our treatments. These results show the complex but transient impacts of warming and defoliation on soil C and N, particularly GHGs. Further research is needed to understand how these northern temperate grasslands respond to long‐term factorial experiments involving warming, defoliation, and variation in other factors (e.g., precipitation).
Simulation of Channelized Gas Flow Pattern in Heterogeneous Porous Media: A Feasibility Study of Continuum Simulation at Bench Scale
Authors: Samani Shirin , Geistlinger Helmut 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
A continuum model can predict quantitative and qualitative properties of gas flow patterns.
Correlated spatial variability can capture dynamic features of gas flow channels.
Connectivity metrics, like Euler number, provide a practical method for quantifying gas channels.
In remediation technologies, air or O2 gas is injected into a polluted aquifer to remove organic contaminants. A gas injection process is also applied in enhanced oil recovery and CO2 sequestration. The wide range of gas injection processes into porous media necessitates accurate gas flow modeling. The focus of this study was to determine whether a continuum model with stochastic parameters can represent the properties of gas flow patterns. We applied stochastic heterogeneity in TOUGH2 simulation and used the experimental observations to validate simulation results. We created two types of stochastic heterogeneity: correlated heterogeneity, generated by an assigned covariance function, and uncorrelated heterogeneity, which distributes uniformly. We used Euler characteristics to quantify the gas channel properties and to determine whether the heterogeneity applied in a continuum model can represent gas channel properties. The results of this investigation confirm that the continuum model, which includes correlated heterogeneity, can predict the quantitative properties of gas flow, such as gas volume. Also, it can create gas channels that have Euler characteristics close to those obtained by experimental observation. In conclusion, the continuum model can predict the properties of gas flow if the spatial variability and correlation structure of the characteristic properties applied to the model are representative of the medium.
Far Infrared-assisted Sample Extraction and Solvent Removal for Capillary Electrophoretic Determination of the Bioactive Constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Luyan , Chen Gang 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Sample preparation is crucially important for the capillary electrophoretic
measurement of the bioactive constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium because conventional
solvent extraction is time-consuming and the solvent peaks seriously interfere with the measured
capillary electropherograms.

Objective:
The objective of the present study is to establish far infrared-assisted sample preparation
approaches for the analysis of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium.

Methods:
Synephrine and hesperidin in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were determined by capillary
electrophoresis in combination with far infrared-assisted sample extraction and solvent removal.

Results:
The effects of detection potentials, irradiation times and the voltages applied to the infrared
generator were investigated to acquire the optimal assay conditions. Synephrine and hesperidin
could be well separated within 6 min at a separation voltage of 9 kV in an alkaline borate solution.
Satisfactory linearity was observed over the concentration range of 0.001 to 1 mM with the detection
limits of 0.43 and 0.52 μM for synephrine and hesperidin, respectively. The results exhibited
that far infrared irradiations could enhance the efficiencies of sample extraction and solvent removal
during the sample preparation of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. The extraction time was
significantly reduced to 6 min while the interference of the solvent peaks towards the electropherograms
was eliminated.

Conclusion:
Far infrared-accelerated extraction and solvent removal were employed in the capillary
electrophoretic determination of the bioactive constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium
with satisfactory results. The ease, simplicity, efficiency and low cost of the novel sample preparation
approaches indicate they may find a wide range of applications.
Coreceptor-Based Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy for HIV Disease
Authors: Hu JinTing , Feng YeWen , Ma Ping , Lai Yu 
Published: May 2019

:
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly reduced the mortality rate and
morbidity, and has increased the life expectancy of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected
patients. However, the current cART is incapable of eradicating viruses from the human body, and HIV
remains one of the most notorious viruses mankind has ever faced. HIV-1 enters target cells through the
binding of gp120 viral protein to a CD4 receptor and then to a coreceptor, C-C chemokine receptor 5
(CCR5) or C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). Individuals homozygous for a 32-bp deletion
in the CCR5 allele, CCR5Δ32, are almost completely resistant to HIV-1 acquisition. Moreover, several
of natural CXCR4 mutants which have been identified can reduce HIV-1 entry without impairing either
ligand binding or signaling. In order to get rid of indefinite treatment for HIV patients, there is a growing
interest in creating an HIV-resistant immune system through the use of CCR5 and CXCR4-modified
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Proof of concept for this approach has been provided in the instance
of “Berlin patient” transplanted with allogeneic stem cells from a donor with homozygosity for the
CCR5Δ32 deletion. Here, we review the progress of coreceptor-based HSC gene therapy for HIV disease
and present new strategies.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN TINDAKAN DALAM PEMBERANTASAN SARANG NYAMUK (PSN) DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Fuadzy Hubullah 
Published: May 2019

Latar belakang: Kota Bandung merupakan wilayah endemik Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) tertinggi di Jawa Barat. Satu di antara faktor risiko peningkatan kasus DBD adalah infestasi Aedes aegypti di pemukiman penduduk. Infestasi Ae. aegypti tersebut dipengaruhi oleh tindakan masyarakat dalam melaksanakan 3M Plus di rumah tinggal. Penelitian yang membahas sumber informasi yang diperoleh masyarakat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan DBD dan dampaknya terhadap tindakan PSN di Kota Bandung masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan terhadap tindakan PSN Plus. Metode: Analisis ini merupakan lanjutan dari penelitian “penentuan faktor risiko sanitasi rumah tinggal pada kejadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Kota Bandung”. Total data yang dianalisis adalah 783 responden. Tahapan analisisnya adalah pertama menentukan hubungan sumber informasi dengan tingkat pengetahuan responden mengenai DBD secara umum, kedua menentukan hubungan pengetahuan dengan tindakan PSN Plus, dan ketiga menentukan hubungan pengetahuan jenis kontainer dengan infestasi Ae. aegypti pradewasa. Hasil: Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran bahwa berbagai jenis sumber informasi mengenai DBD dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan responden di Kota Bandung. Pengetahuan mengenai PSN Plus dapat meningkatkan 1,4 kali kebiasaan responden untuk melakukan tindakan menguras dan menutup kontainer air. Namun, tindakan tersebut belum mampu membasmi infestasi Ae. aegypti pradewasa pada kontainer air di rumah tinggal. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan responden di Kota Bandung berhubungan dengan tindakan PSN plus tetapi belum mampu membasmi infestasi Ae. aegypti di rumah tinggal.
Keragaman vektor Plasmodium knowlesi
Authors: Paisal Paisal 
Published: May 2019

Plasmodium knowlesi was the fifth Plasmodium which can infect malaria into human. Even though it has already been identified since 1931, the first case of natural human infection was known in 1965. Knowlesi malaria spread among South East Asia where population of monkeys Macaca fascicularis, M. nemestrina, or Presbytis melalophos existed along with malaria vector Anopheles from leucosphyrus group. This review aimed to describe the diversity of P. knowlesi vector. We have done profound literature review on 6 articles from 219 articles related to P. knowlesi published within 2008 to 2015. Our study found that P. knowlesi was recorded only in two countries; Malaysia and Vietnam. In Malaysia, Anopheles cracens, An. introlatus, An. latens, and An. balabacensis were found in Kuala Kapis Pahang, Hulu Selangor, Kapit Serawak, and Kudat Sabah, respectively. While in Vietnam, only a single species An. dirus found to be P. knowlesi vector. This review conclude that positive leucosphyrus mosquitoes most likely to be different among different region. The more abundance, the higher chance of mosquito species to become vector.
Hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang diare dan perilaku memasak air minum dengan kejadian diare balita di Puskesmas Baringin Kabupaten Tapin tahun 2014
Authors: Hairani Budi , Suriani Suriani , Andiarsa Dicky , Juhairiyah Juhairiyah 
Published: May 2019

Diarrhea is still a health problem in Indonesia especially those that occur at the age of toddler or children because it can cause mortality. The objective of this study was to find out the relationship among mother knowledge with occurrence diarhea and relationship habit of mother toddler in cook household drinking water with occurrence diarhea of toddler were get medical treatment in Baringin public health center. This study was analytic method with cross sectional approach and data collected by questionnaire. This study were get 80 respondent mother who had brought their toddlers at Baringin public health centers in the period January-July 2014 and domiciled in the Baringin public health center work area .The result of statistic used chi square of obtain that was a relationship between knowledge with occurrence diarhea (P = 0,000 < α = 0,05) and relationship between habit of mother toddler in cook household drinking water with occurrence diarhea of toddler were get medical treatment in Baringin public health center (P = 0,000 < α = 0,05). Based on the results of this study suggested an increased implementation of health information by health centers mainly around diarrheal disease and the importance of good hygiene practices, as well as boiling drinking water properly as the prevention of diarrhea.
Status kerentanan Ae. aegypti terhadap beberapa golongan insektisida di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Rahayu Nita , Sulasmi Sri , Suryatinah Yuniarti 
Published: May 2019

Insecticide resistence study to DHF vector Aedes aegypti was carried out in Kalimantan Selatan Propince. The objective of this study was to map the insecticide susceptibility of Aedes aegypti population to the three chemical groups of insecticide used in public health, in Kalimantan Selatan. Laboratory-reared. F2 generation of field population of Aedes aegypti from nine and three Municipalities in Kalimantan Selatan Propinces were used respectively. The susceptibility test were carried qut using impregnated paper base on WHO recommended doses which are 0.8% Malathion and 0,05% cyipermethrin, 0,05% Lambdasihalotrin. The results suggested that population of Aedes aegypti collected from nine municipalities, regencies/cities in Kalimantan Selatan Propince were resistant to Malathion 0.8%, Lambdasihalotrin 0,03% and cypermethrin 0.05%, including Deltamethrin 0.025%. It is important to rotate the insecticides which are used for fogging, especially Malathion.
EL ESTUDIO DE CASO EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA
Authors: DURÁN MARÍA MARTHA 
Published: May 2019

Dada la importancia y uso del Estudio de Caso en la investigación cualitativa desde los años 70 por su ventaja epistemológica sobre otros métodos de indagación, se discutirá en este artículo acerca de las características y requerimientos de su unidad de análisis. Se propone además un concepto de Estudio de Caso Cualitativo y se delimita el uso en cuatro diferentes situaciones. Por último se presentan las fortalezas y limitaciones respecto a su uso en investigación cualitativa y el impacto en el quehacer investigativo.