bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational opposition analysis using word embeddings: A method for strategising resonant informal argument
Authors: Shackell Cameron , Sitbon Laurianne 
Published: September 2019

In informal argument, an essential step is to ask what will “resonate” with a particular audience and hence persuade. Marketers, for example, may recommend a certain colour for a new soda can because it “pops” on Instagram; politicians may “fine-tune” diction for different social demographics. This paper engages the need to strategise for such resonance by offering a method for automating opposition analysis (OA), a technique from semiotics used in marketing and literary analysis to plot objects of interest on oppositional axes. Central to our computational approach is a reframing of texts as proxies for thought and opposition as the product of oscillation in thought in response to those proxies, a model to which the contextual similarity information contained in word embeddings is relevant. We illustrate our approach with an analysis of texts on gun control from ProCon.org , implementing a three-step method to: 1) identify relatively prominent signifiers; 2) rank possible opposition pairs on prominence and contextual similarity scores; and 3) derive plot values for proxies on opposition pair axes. The results are discussed in terms of strategies for informal argument that might be derived by those on each side of gun control.
Physiotherapist-led triage of patients with thoracic spine pain in a musculoskeletal assessment clinic: A service evaluation of activity and outcomes
Authors: Smyth Conor , Smart Keith , Fitzpatrick Martina , Caffrey Aoife , McLoughlin Catherine , Doody Catherine 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: Thoracic spine pain and dysfunction (TSPD) has received less attention in the literature compared to the lumbar and cervical spine, which has created challenges for differential diagnosis in the region. AIMS: The study purpose was to describe the clinical activity and outcomes of TSPD patients attending a clinical specialist physiotherapist (CSP)-led orthopaedic and rheumatology triage service, known as the ‘Musculoskeletal Assessment Clinic’ (MAC). METHODS: The Clinical Audit department of St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, approved this study. A retrospective service evaluation was carried out of patients who attended the MAC with TSPD between August 2012 and October 2015. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 20. RESULTS: Of the n = 5,143 new patients referred to the MAC over a period of 37 months, 88 of these (2%) (mean age 36.66, years sd = 16.61), were referred primarily for TSPD. Sixty nine percent ( n = 61) of patients were categorized as non-specific thoracic spine pain (NSTSP) and 18% ( n = 16) structural. Seventy-six investigations were requested for 59% ( n = 52) of patients and plain radiograph was the most frequently requested (40.8%, n = 31). Eighty percent ( n = 70) of patients were independently managed by CSPs, with 16% ( n = 14) of patients being referred for a surgical or medical consultant opinion. CONCLUSION: The majority (80%) of the patients were independently managed by the CSPs. Presentations of TSPD to a physiotherapy-led triage service in a secondary care setting attributable to underlying serious pathologies appears to be rare. Replication of this study in other healthcare institutions would be useful for corroborating our findings.
Kuivatun viljan varastoinnin maa
Authors: Hatakka Sampsa 
Published: September 2019

Tuoreen ja kostean viljan varastoiminen on aina ollut haasteellista, sillä se pilaantuu helposti. Jos nykyäänkin viljaa halutaan varastoida pitkäaikaisesti, viljan kosteus pitää saada riittävän alhaiseksi. Kuivauksen tarve riippui siitä, kuinka kuivaa vilja on korjattaessa ja miten kuivaksi se voitiin saada pelkästään ulkokuivauksella. Pohjoisissa olosuhteissa ulkokuivaus on haasteellista, minkä vuoksi Suomessa, Baltiassa ja Venäjällä vilja on pyritty kuivaamaan keinotekoisesti riihien avulla jo vuosisatojen ajan. Riihet olivat rakenteeltaan yksinkertaisia hirsirakennuksia, joiden sisällä oli uuni ja parret. Riihen lämmittäminen vaati paljon polttopuuta ja käyttäjiltään taitoa, mitkä tekijät osaltaan rajoittivat tekniikan leviämistä. Vaikka riihikuivauksen tekniikka on ollut pitkään tunnettu, sen laajempaa merkitystä ei tästä huolimatta ole tutkimuksissa juuri käsitelty.
Tässä artikkelissa riihikuivausta tarkastellaan kuivatun viljan ja sen varastoinnin näkökulmasta. Ruotsin valtakunnassa kuivattua viljaa hankittiin suuret määrät kruununmakasiineihin, joihin tarvittiin varmuusvarastoja sekä sotien että katojen varalle. Tutkimuksen on selvitetty, miksi varastoon hankittiin nimenomaan riihikuivattua viljaa ja miten paljon sitä määrällisesti oli makasiineissa. Tutkimusajanjaksona on hattujen sodan ja Pommerin sodan välinen rauhan aika (1743–1757). Maantieteellisesti tutkimus kattaa Pommeria lukuun ottamatta koko Ruotsin valtakunnan eli nykyiset Suomen ja Ruotsin alueet.
Tutkimuksesta käy ilmi, että suurin osa Ruotsin valtakunnan kruununmakasiineissa olleesta viljasta oli tutkimusajanjaksolla riihikuivattua. Selvimmin tämä näkyi Suomen makasiineissa, joissa oli vain riihikuivattua ruista lukuun ottamatta Ruotsista vuonna 1750 tuotua viljaa. Vaikeudet tämän tuontiviljan varastoimisessa ja hyödyntämisessä osoittavat sen, miten tottumattomia Suomessa oltiin kuivaamattomaan viljan käyttöön. Myös Ruotsin puolella valtakuntaa keskeisimmissä varastoissa, Tukholmassa ja Karlskronassa, pääosa viljasta oli riihikuivattua. Koska Ruotsissa riihikuivausta ei juuri harjoitettu, vilja piti hankkia varastoihin muualta. Riihikuivattua viljaa saatiin Suomesta sekä veroina että ostoina. Erityisesti Pohjanmaalta tuotua laadukasta Vaasan ruista arvostettiin Ruotsissa. Suurin osa Tukholman makasiineihin tuodusta riihikuivatusta viljasta oli kuitenkin peräisin ilmeisesti Baltiasta. Kuivatun viljan varmuusvarastoinnille oli Ruotsin valtakunnassa 1700-luvulla tarvetta, sillä valtakunta oli riippuvainen viljan tuonnista. Usein toistuneet kadot ja sodankäynnin tarpeet edellyttivät, että varastoissa oli jatkuvasti viljaa pahimman varalle.
Les 4 R : Reading, Righting, Writing, ' Rithmetic
Authors: Colombat-Castier Jacqueline 
Published: September 2019

1. Officially literary history claims that children’s literature was born because of the existence of original sin.
To eradicate sin, it was necessary to teach children to read. Hence the development of children's books aimed at both teaching them basic skills (The 3 R’s : Reading, Writing, ’Rithmetic) and at bettering them (the 4th R : Righting).
Children's Literature shows an overriding didactic tradition.
Under the pressure of various factors (including market forces), this literature gradually opened up to imagination and fantasy.
From the 19th. Century on repression and liberation battled one another for the domination of the genre.
2. My convention is that repression is an essential component of children's literature because it is the basis of Society itself. I shall attempt to show this through 3 examples :
-One from a sample of didactic literature proper
-One from Little Women, a masterpiece and best-seller of domestic literature
-One from a highlight of 'liberated' fun : Winnie The Pooh
3. In the face of repression, what are the options ? Submission, Transgression with its attending guilt, revolt, derision and humour or absenteeism...
In the 20th Century, Children's Literature is still batling it out...
Entre le monde et les mots : le sens linguistique
Authors: Rivière Claude 
Published: September 2019

Linguistic meaning : words and the world
The properties of languages can be defined in terms of the constraints imposed on them by their physical nature (vocal sound) and their function (symbolization and communication). The normal operation of languages is then seen as a necessary illusion, and the aim of linguistics is to see through the illusion. Linguistic meaning is a construct which is dependent on the material shape of language and which must not be confused with reality. Linguists must steer a middle course between the traps set by reality and those set by the linear organisation of languages. Examples of each kind of trap are analysed.
Quelques notes sur la phénoménologie de la signification poétique : le problème des merles
Authors: Picciotto Robert 
Published: September 2019

Some notes on the phenomenology of poetic meaning : the problem of blackbirds
Is there a specific manner in which the lyric poem means that involves imaginative reactions quite different from those required by prose discourse ? This paper attempts to establish the grounds for a possible answer to this question by paying attention to how a reasonably sensitive reader might respond to Wallace Stevens’ “Thirteen ways of looking at a blackbird”. By being somewhat rigorous in the definition of the word “imagination”, the author tries to establish a link between poet and reader that involves the limits and possibilities of the physical self in its relation to the world, and tries to demonstrate that it is indeed this link, rather than the capacity to entertain abstract ideas, that makes possible poetic communication.
Le double sens
Authors: Vallet Odon 
Published: September 2019

Double meaning
In germanic as in romanic languages, the various notions of sense (meaning, direction) are rendered by the same word which may just as much express perception as direction (german sinn, latin sentio). On the one hand we have our five senses, capable of apprehending the world in its pleasant or painful nature and informing our brain through decoding instances open to the whole gamut of sensations, on the other we have a meaning that is unique, “oriented”, bound to a major reference and which prohibits our understanding and our emotions to lose their way or go astray a prey to temptations. To give one's opinion amounts to shutting many directions and sometimes to refusing a consensus. Our existence sways between these two meanings. Now we abandon ourselves to a panoramic sensuality and yield to the charms of polymorphous pleasures, noxwwe feel compelled to follow a single direction and submit to paternal exigencies. Between the two meanings, always we hesitate.
Les mots en ‹-ean, -eal, -eum› : étude d’une zone de conflits en morphophonologie de l’anglais
Authors: Deschamps Alain 
Published: September 2019

Words ending in &lt;-ean, eal, eum&gt; ; rules in conflict.
The stress rule linked with words ending in &lt;-ion&gt;, later extended to items including other vowel clusters (&lt;-ion&gt; stress rule) governs the stress pattern of more than four thousand English words, with a very high output. Nevertheless, words ending in &lt;-eal&gt;, &lt;-ean&gt; and &lt;-eum&gt;, which are usually found in the list of exceptions to that rule, seem to trigger particular stress rules. Detailed observation of these items based on Jones’s and Wells’s pronunciation dictionaries shows that particular subrules are needed at least for words in &lt;-eum&gt; and &lt;-ean&gt;.
Plaidoyer pour le bilinguisme
Authors: Girard Denis 
Published: September 2019

Speaking up for Bi-Lingual Schools.
This plea in favour of bilingual teaching does not aim at increasing the numeric superiority of bilingual speakers but at improving radically the results of language teaching. It is interesting to see how bilingual education can be combined with an early initiation to foreign languages in primary schools. France and Great Britain have had a very similar experience of that formula in the 1970s. Psycholinguists confirm how easy it is for children under nine to learn and handle several languages. This is why all great specialists advocate an early stage of bilingual training. Concrete examples, like that of Alban and his grandfather, corroborate this conviction. It would be easy in France to set up bilingual education rapidly, at least from the first year at primary school, at the cost of an appropriate training of primary school teachers who now all hold a university degree.
Beauté cosmique et harmonie sociale chez les Navajo Hozho ("Le Bonheur")
Authors: Feltes-Strigler Marie-Claude 
Published: September 2019

Cosmic Beauty and Social Harmony among the Navajo. Hozho ("Happines").
The full meaning of Hozho is much more than mere "happiness". Hozho refers to a quality of goodness or rightness vis à vis other people in society and other beings in the cosmos. An individual’s place in the cosmos is defined by his relation to other humans, animals and plants, and even more so by his relation to the great forces of life. These are the forces that move all things in the cosmos through cycles of depletion and renewal, and that therefore embody the power of life. Hozho is the state of being in the right place at the right time relative to all these beings and forces.
Religion publique, religion privée chez Thomas Paine
Authors: Caron Nathalie 
Published: September 2019

Thomas Paine’s Religion : A Private or a Public Matter ?
Paine’s Deism, like his republicanism, was an expression of the interest he took in individual liberty. In the theological writings he published from 1794 onwards, he advocated total freedom of conscience, which had to be supported by government and which he saw perfectly embodied in the American context. In Paine’s Deism, however, lies an unresolved dilemma. On the one hand he acknowledges the right everyone has to think whatever they wish privately, according to their consciences. On the other he violently and publicly criticizes the Christian system, which he opposes to the only true religion - Deism. Though contradictory, Paine’s scathing criticism plays an active role in the ineluctable emergence of a rational religion by setting the march of progress in motion.
Le concept de frontière en sciences sociales : vers de nouvelles acceptions
Authors: Lejeune Catherine 
Published: September 2019

The concept of border in the social sciences : towards new definitions.
This review of recent conceptions of the border in the social sciences looks at how a new examination of a notion can lead to the renewal of a field. This is the case with anthropology, which in the sixties opened an avenue for the study of cultural and symbolic borders. The introduction of this innovative approach has strongly influenced the field of social sciences, and we can see its legacy in the emergence of cultural history or geography. These two disciplines actively use and work with the notions of borders and borderlands. The process of border formation has recently been the topic of many studies that incorporate and combine geographic, human, and political parameters. Such studies enable us to expand our understanding of the concept. Furthermore, they contribute to the development of interdisciplinary research and they inform us about state and nation building.
The Sequoia Files : L’arbre merveilleux
Authors: Brunet François 
Published: September 2019

The Sequoia Files : the tree of wonder.
The cult of the Sierra Nevada giant sequoia, which lasted through the second half of the 19th century, reflected not only its significance as an emblem for American primitivist and nationalist discourse, but also the more popular taste for the marvelous in nature, widely associated with California after 1850. This paper reviews a series of descriptions of sequoias published between 1860 and 1890, in order to identify the main components of a highly consistent genre. Centering on the sequoia as a challenge to representation, this literature tends to describe the logic of exploration in purely rhetorical terms, and thus to translate the otherness of the frontier into a space of language play, which seems typical of the Victorian era.
L’art de l’échec dans The Recognitions et JR de William Gaddis
Authors: Félix Brigitte 
Published: September 2019

The art of failure in William Gaddis’s The Recognitions and JR.
William Gaddis’s novels are all centered to a greater or lesser degree around plots involving the issue of artistic creation, but the first two, The Recognitions and JR, certainly provide a more thorough examination of the situation of the artist. Starting with an analysis and description of the relationship between the notion of originality and the work of art as it appears in The Recognitions through the figure of the painter and forger Wyatt Gwyon, this paper tries to explore the ways in which the reader is gradually led to recognize failure as the dominant and even constitutive feature in artistic creation. Since art no longer offers an ultimate refuge for transcendent values that could replace the absence of other, more religious, transcendent references, JR stages the passage from the art of failure to the failure of art even more systematically as the overpowering presence of money and the financial jargon seem to rule out the necessity of and need for artistic creation.
From Mother Tongue to Second Language : the Cultural Model of “Community” in African English
Authors: Wolf Hans-Georg 
Published: September 2019

De la langue maternelle à la seconde langue : le modèle culturel de la «communauté» en anglais d’Afrique.
Cet article défend Vidée qu’il peut y avoir un transfert de la langue maternelle à une seconde langue et que ce passage peut préserver l’arrière-plan culturel du locuteur ; l’écart linguistique peut dès lors être considéré comme fournissant un indice qui nous permet de comprendre la culture. C’est pourquoi cet article applique le concept méthodologique de «modèle culturel» qui a été élaboré par l’anthropologie cognitive, à l’étude des nouvelles variétés d’anglais. L’analyse se concentre essentiellement, mais pas uniquement, sur l’anglais du Cameroun, une variété d’anglais second représentative du modèle communautaire africain dans son ensemble. Cette analyse ne prétend pas rendre compte de manière exhaustive du modèle communautaire africain, mais se concentre sur un échantillon de métaphores conceptuelles et sur leur forme linguistique qui ne sont pas présentes dans les différentes variétés d’anglais 1, car elles reflètent l’arrière plan culturel des locuteurs s’exprimant en anglais 2.
Anne Morgan, la «lecture publique» et la France : le lent cheminement d’une influence culturelle américaine
Authors: Fouché Nicole 
Published: September 2019

Anne Morgan and the Creation of Public Libraries in France.
The creation of free public libraries in France is an example of the successful dissemination of American values by an individual in France. Although backed up by a network of extremely competent, dedicated and efficient American women, it was Anne Morgan herself who was the driving force of the American Committee for Devastated France between 1917 and 1923. Crossing the Atlantic with the American model in mind, she believed that it was possible to transpose this model in France. But if the transplant of public libraries was successful, it was clearly because the turf was ripe. However, it was to take the French a long time to make this project their own. Only in 1945 were the demands for French public libraries recognized.
Le pavillon américain à l’exposition universelle de Séville en 1992 : enjeux et ambiguïtés des représentations nationales
Authors: Marteau Véronique 
Published: September 2019

The American Pavilion in Seville (Expo '92 ) : the Functions and Contradictions of National Icons.
The American pavilion in Seville was a failure . However, in each of the three world’s fairs which took place before Seville, the American pavilion was one of the most successful ones. But with the end of the Cold War and the emergence of a new information technology, the United States lost interest in participating in a world’s fair. This is probably why so little public funding was allocated to the American pavilion in Seville whose commissioner general had to turn to the private sector for help. Hence, with each sponsor imposing its own requirements, it was difficult to offer a consistent image. When analyzed, many elements of the pavilion represented a throwback to the esthetics and ideology of the 1950’s and 1960’s. But the American pavilion in Seville was also the product of Ronald Reagan ’s and George Bush’s America.
Du prestige de l'étranger en littérature
Authors: Bruyère Claire 
Published: September 2019

Foreignness in fiction
The following questions are addressed in this essay : what factors excite the readers' curiosity for fiction signed by foreign authors, with what consequences for literature and book publishing ? This is explored through a number of instances in Britain, France and the United States over a period of time (XVIIIth to XXth century) long enough to reveal changes in what is perceived as attractively exotic or unfamiliar and to exhibit the range of writers’ and publishers’ strategies, from the translation of real authors to that of imaginary ones.
Peace it Together : Collage in the Recent Work of Geoffrey Hill
Authors: Kilgore Jennifer 
Published: September 2019

Rapiécer la paix : le collage dans les œuvres récentes de Geoffrey Hill.
La forme en collage des derniers recueils de poèmes de Geoffrey Hill illustre une quête irénique où les voix multiples, le babel des langages, les allusions à la théologie et à l’histoire, les images, les citations poétiques, les allusions aux arts visuels et musicaux engagent le lecteur, l’impliquant dans l'œuvre de poïesis.
Variations iconoclastes et musique du souvenir chez Grace Paley
Authors: Lévy Paule 
Published: September 2019

Grace Paley : Iconoclastic Variations and The Music of Memory.
«A Conversation with my Father» and «Mother», two highly autobiographical stories by Grace Paley, will be considered as a diptych and a series of variations on the interrelated motives of family relationships, memory and transmission. «A Conversation with my Father» appears as an attempt to experiment and define a radically subversive aesthetics which is to find its most remarkable and most problematic expression in «Mother».
Les empires de la révolution américaine : perspectives d’Edward Gibbon en 1776
Authors: Mankin Robert 
Published: September 2019

Empires of the American Revolution : The Perspectives of Edward Gibbon in 1776.
In February of 1776, Edward Gibbon was a member of Parliament as well as the author of what we know as the first of six volumes of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. This essay examines how the first volume of the Decline may throw light on Gibbon’s sense of the growing problems between Great Britain and its American colonies. The essay suggests that the emerging idea of ‘empire ’ was as much or even more associated with land masses and in central Europe and North America than with the commercial expansion of Britain.
Benjamin West : An Independent Eye
Authors: Karsky Barbara 
Published: September 2019

Benjamin West : un œil indépendant.
Benjamin West naquit aux périphéries de l’empire britannique et mourut à son centre. Durant sa vie, West témoigna par sa peinture de la croissance rapide de cet empire, mais aussi des défis que posait la liberté. Tout en bénéficiant de la protection royale, West resta fidèle à la lutte des colonies américaines pour leur indépendance. Certains de ses tableaux offrent des indices quant à l’indépendance de regard et d’esprit de Benjamin West qui lui-même se transformait, au cours de la transition entre colonies et républiques, d'un sujet britannique en un Américain expatrié.