bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Motivational Interviewing by Social Workers on Service Users: A Systematic Review
Authors: Boyle Sally , Vseteckova Jitka , Higgins Martyn 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: This systematic review was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI), by social workers, on service user outcomes. Methods: A literature search was undertaken between 2007 and 2018. All eligible studies were analyzed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. As heterogeneity was high, a narrative synthesis approach was employed, using thematic analysis for categorizing data. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. MI had a positive effect on service user experience, but this was not consistent. Training was variable, but the evidence suggests that practitioner’s need ongoing training, supervision, or coaching while providing MI. Discussion: There is a paucity of research examining the impact of MI on children, which was a limitation of this review. There is a need for more qualitative research to surface views and experience of service users to determine why MI is effective.
Oral D-Aspartate enhances synaptic plasticity reserve in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nicoletti Carolina G , Monteleone Fabrizia , Marfia Girolama A , Usiello Alessandro , Buttari Fabio , Centonze Diego , Mori Francesco 
Published: February 2019

Background: Synaptic plasticity reserve correlates with clinical recovery after a relapse in relapsing–remitting forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is significantly compromised in patients with progressive forms of MS. These findings suggest that progression of disability in MS is linked to reduced synaptic plasticity reserve. D-Aspartate, an endogenous aminoacid approved for the use in humans as a dietary supplement, enhances synaptic plasticity in mice. Objective: To test whether D-Aspartate oral intake increases synaptic plasticity reserve in progressive MS patients. Methods: A total of 31 patients affected by a progressive form of MS received either single oral daily doses of D-Aspartate 2660 mg or placebo for 4 weeks. Synaptic plasticity reserve and trans-synaptic cortical excitability were measured through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols before and after D-Aspartate. Results: Both TMS-induced long-term potentiation (LTP), intracortical facilitation (ICF) and short-interval ICF increased after 2 and 4 weeks of D-Aspartate but not after placebo, suggesting an enhancement of synaptic plasticity reserve and increased trans-synaptic glutamatergic transmission. Conclusion: Daily oral D-Aspartate 2660 mg for 4 weeks enhances synaptic plasticity reserve in patients with progressive MS, opening the path to further studies assessing its clinical effects on disability progression.
Hemorrhage simulated by lower body negative pressure provokes an oxidative stress response in healthy young adults
Authors: Park Flora S , Kay Victoria L , Sprick Justin D , Rosenberg Alexander J , Anderson Garen K , Mallet Robert T , Rickards Caroline A 
Published: February 2019

Hemorrhage is a leading cause of potentially preventable death in both civilian and military trauma settings. Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) is a validated, non-invasive, and reproducible approach to simulate hemorrhage by inducing central hypovolemia in healthy conscious humans. The oxidative stress response to simulated hemorrhage via LBNP has not been quantified. We hypothesized that systemic markers of oxidative stress would increase with application of maximal, pre-syncopal limited LBNP. Fifteen healthy human subjects (11 M/4 F; age 27 ± 1 y) were recruited for a single LBNP experiment to presyncope (chamber pressure was progressively reduced every 5-min in a stepwise manner). Heart rate was assessed via ECG, arterial pressure and stroke volume (SV) were measured continuously via finger photoplethysmography, muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) was measured via near-infrared spectroscopy, and venous blood samples were collected at baseline and presyncope. Plasma samples were analyzed for F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoP), a global marker of oxidative stress. The magnitude of central hypovolemia, indexed by the maximal decrease (%Δ) in SV, ranged from 27 to 74% (53.5 ± 3.9%; P < 0.001), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased by 12.6 ± 2.6% ( P < 0.001 vs. pre-LBNP baseline). F2-IsoP increased by 28.5 ± 11.6% ( P = 0.05) from baseline (24 ± 2 pg/mL) to presyncope (29 ± 3 pg/mL). The increase in F2-IsoP was not associated with %Δ SV ( r = 0.21, P = 0.46), %Δ MAP ( r = 0.05, P = 0.86), %Δ SmO2 ( r = 0.05, P = 0.90), or the maximum level of LBNP attained ( r = 0.35, P = 0.20). Simulated hemorrhage induced by LBNP to presyncope elicited an increase in oxidative stress, but this response was not associated with the magnitude of central hypovolemia, hypotension, or the decrease in peripheral muscle tissue oxygen saturation. These findings have important implications for the study of hemorrhage using LBNP, and future investigations of interventions targeting oxidative stress. Impact statement We characterize the systemic oxidative stress response in young, healthy human subjects with exposure to simulated hemorrhage via application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Prior work has demonstrated that LBNP and actual blood loss evoke similar hemodynamic and immune responses (i.e. white blood cell count), but it is unknown whether LBNP elicits oxidative stress resembling that produced by blood loss. We show that LBNP induces a 29% increase in F2-isoprostanes, a systemic marker of oxidative stress. The findings of this investigation may have important implications for the study of hemorrhage using LBNP, including future assessments of targeted interventions that may reduce oxidative stress, such as novel fluid resuscitation approaches.
Association of scapholunate dissociation and two-part articular fractures of the distal radius
Authors: Sun Grace T.W. , MacLean Simon B.M. , Alexander Justin J. , Woodman Richard , Bain Gregory I. 
Published: February 2019

Scapholunate dissociation may occur in association with distal radial fractures and is easily missed at initial presentation. The aim of this study was to examine variances in the scapholunate distance with respect to subtypes of two-part partial articular distal radial fractures. Axial computed tomography (CT) scans of acute two-part intra-articular radial fractures were assessed retrospectively from 80 patients and compared to 20 controls. From each scan, two images were analysed to identify the scaphoid, lunate and articular fracture line in the distal radius for fracture type categorization. The images were overlaid on a standardized distal radius template and the scapholunate distance measured. Significant increase in the scapholunate distance was noted in fracture subtypes: radial styloid oblique; dorsal ulnar column; sagittal ulnar column; and volar coronal. We conclude that these findings support the need for a higher index of suspicion for scapholunate dissociation in these distal radial fracture subtypes. Level of evidence: III
Surgical Treatment of Pectoralis Major Muscle Ruptures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gupton Marco , Johnson Jordan E. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Pectoralis major muscle (PMM) tendon ruptures are becoming more common. Multiple techniques for fixation of the avulsed tendon to its humeral insertion have been described. None of these techniques has been reviewed to compare outcomes in efforts to establish a first-line surgical technique. Purpose: To systematically review and analyze the data available in the literature to establish a clinically superior surgical technique and time frame in which surgery should occur. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted. Only studies reporting the surgical techniques and outcomes of PMM repair were included. Data including patient age, injury mechanism, type and extent of the rupture, time from injury to surgery, surgical technique, outcome including complications, steroid use, location and year of publication, and activity level were extracted from the included studies. Statistical and descriptive analyses were conducted on the available literature. Results: Of 259 cases from studies that provided the timing of repair, 72.6% (n = 188) were repaired acutely, while the remaining were repaired more than 8 weeks after the injury. There was no statistical difference found in the outcomes of these repairs. There were 265 cases included in the statistical analysis comparing the outcomes of surgical techniques. The odds of an excellent/good outcome were significantly better for the transosseous suture (TOS) compared with the unicortical button (UCB) technique (odds ratio [OR], 6.28 [95% CI, 1.37-28.75]; P = .018) and also for the suture anchor (SA) compared with the UCB technique (OR, 3.40 [95% CI, 1.06-10.85]; P = .039). The odds of an excellent/good outcome were not significantly different when comparing the TOS, SA, and TOS with trough techniques to one another. The probability of complications was highest with the TOS with trough technique (12.0%), although the odds of having a complication were not statistically significant for any single technique compared with the others. Conclusion: The low quality of evidence available limited this review. There were no significant differences observed in the outcomes of PMM repair based on the timing of repair. The TOS and SA techniques had statistically significantly greater odds of resulting in an excellent/good outcome compared with the UCB technique, but 1 study that contributed to this analysis may have statistically skewed the results for the UCB technique. Therefore, all 3 surgical techniques are accepted options, and the best technique is that with which the surgeon is most proficient and comfortable. Comparative research with a greater level of evidence is needed to determine a definitive first-line surgical technique.
Social Factors and Patient Perceptions Associated With Preventable Hospital Readmissions
Authors: Carter Jocelyn , Ward Charlotte , Thorndike Anne , Donelan Karen , Wexler Deborah J 
Published: February 2019

Background: Preventable hospital readmissions are costly and erode the quality of care delivery. Few efforts to incorporate the patient perspectives and social factors associated with readmission preventability exist. Objective: To identify patient perceptions and social barriers to care related to readmission. Methods: Prospective cohort study of 202 respondents readmitted within 30 days of hospital discharge from 2 inpatient adult medicine units at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts between January 2012 and January 2016. Results: Few participants indicated that their readmission was due to unattainable health care after discharge. Almost half indicated that they needed more general assistance to stay well outside the hospital. Those reporting a barrier related to at least 2 measures of social determinants of health were more likely to have preventable readmissions (34% vs 17%, P = .006). Participants with a history of homelessness or substance use disorder were more likely to have preventable readmissions (44% vs 20%, P = .04 and 32% vs 18%, P = .03, respectively). Conclusion: Strengthening nonmedical support systems and general social policy may be required to reduce preventable readmissions.
Eosinophil-derived IL-13 promotes emphysema
Authors: Doyle Alfred D. , Mukherjee Manali , LeSuer William E. , Bittner Tyler B. , Pasha Saif M. , Frere Justin J. , Neely Joseph L. , Kloeber Jake A. , Shim Kelly P. , Ochkur Sergei I. , Ho Terence , Svenningsen Sarah , Wright Benjamin L. , Rank Matthew A. , Lee James J. , Nair Parameswaran , Jacobsen Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2019

The inflammatory responses in chronic airway diseases leading to emphysema are not fully defined. We hypothesised that lung eosinophilia contributes to airspace enlargement in a mouse model and to emphysema in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).A transgenic mouse model of chronic type 2 pulmonary inflammation (I5/hE2) was used to examine eosinophil-dependent mechanisms leading to airspace enlargement. Human sputum samples were collected for translational studies examining eosinophilia and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-12 levels in patients with chronic airways disease.Airspace enlargement was identified in I5/hE2 mice and was dependent on eosinophils. Examination of I5/hE2 bronchoalveolar lavage identified elevated MMP-12, a mediator of emphysema. We showed,in vitro, that eosinophil-derived interleukin (IL)-13 promoted alveolar macrophage MMP-12 production. Airspace enlargement in I5/hE2 mice was dependent on MMP-12 and eosinophil-derived IL-4/13. Consistent with this, MMP-12 was elevated in patients with sputum eosinophilia and computed tomography evidence of emphysema, and also negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s.A mouse model of chronic type 2 pulmonary inflammation exhibited airspace enlargement dependent on MMP-12 and eosinophil-derived IL-4/13. In chronic airways disease patients, lung eosinophilia was associated with elevated MMP-12 levels, which was a predictor of emphysema. These findings suggest an underappreciated mechanism by which eosinophils contribute to the pathologies associated with asthma and COPD.
The genome of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) reveals complex patterns of duplications involved in the evolution of parasitism genes
Authors: Masonbrink Rick , Maier Tom R. , Muppirala Usha , Seetharam Arun S. , Lord Etienne , Juvale Parijat S. , Schmutz Jeremy , Johnson Nathan T. , Korkin Dmitry , Mitchum Melissa G. , Mimee Benjamin , den Akker Sebastian Eves-van , Hudson Matthew , Severin Andrew J. , Baum Thomas J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background
Heterodera glycines, commonly referred to as the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is an obligatory and sedentary plant parasite that causes over a billion-dollar yield loss to soybean production annually. Although there are genetic determinants that render soybean plants resistant to certain nematode genotypes, resistant soybean cultivars are increasingly ineffective because their multi-year usage has selected for virulent H. glycines populations. The parasitic success of H. glycines relies on the comprehensive re-engineering of an infection site into a syncytium, as well as the long-term suppression of host defense to ensure syncytial viability. At the forefront of these complex molecular interactions are effectors, the proteins secreted by H. glycines into host root tissues. The mechanisms of effector acquisition, diversification, and selection need to be understood before effective control strategies can be developed, but the lack of an annotated genome has been a major roadblock.

Results
Here, we use PacBio long-read technology to assemble a H. glycines genome of 738 contigs into 123 Mb with annotations for 29,769 genes. The genome contains significant numbers of repeats (34%), tandem duplicates (18.7 Mb), and horizontal gene transfer events (151 genes). A large number of putative effectors (431 genes) were identified in the genome, many of which were found in transposons.

Conclusions
This advance provides a glimpse into the host and parasite interplay by revealing a diversity of mechanisms that give rise to virulence genes in the soybean cyst nematode, including: tandem duplications containing over a fifth of the total gene count, virulence genes hitchhiking in transposons, and 107 horizontal gene transfers not reported in other plant parasitic nematodes thus far. Through extensive characterization of the H. glycines genome, we provide new insights into H. glycines biology and shed light onto the mystery underlying complex host-parasite interactions. This genome sequence is an important prerequisite to enable work towards generating new resistance or control measures against H. glycines.
Late Morbidity and Mortality Among Medulloblastoma Survivors Diagnosed Across Three Decades: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Salloum Ralph , Chen Yan , Yasui Yutaka , Packer Roger , Leisenring Wendy , Wells Elizabeth , King Allison , Howell Rebecca , Gibson Todd M. , Krull Kevin R. , Robison Leslie L. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Fouladi Maryam , Armstrong Gregory T. 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE Treatment of medulloblastoma has evolved from surgery and radiotherapy to contemporary multimodal regimens. However, the impact on long-term health outcomes remains unknown. METHODS Cumulative incidence of late mortality (5 or more years from diagnosis), subsequent neoplasms (SNs), and chronic health conditions were evaluated in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study among 5-year survivors of medulloblastoma diagnosed between 1970 and 1999. Outcomes were evaluated by treatment exposure, including historical therapy (craniospinal irradiation [CSI] ≥ 30 Gy, no chemotherapy), high risk (CSI ≥ 30 Gy + chemotherapy), standard risk (CSI < 30 Gy + chemotherapy), and by treatment decade (1970s, 1980s, 1990s). Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs estimated long-term outcomes using multivariable piecewise exponential models. RESULTS Among 1,311 eligible survivors (median age, 29 years [range, 6 to 60 years]; median time from diagnosis, 21 years [range, 5 to 44 years]), the 15-year cumulative incidence rate of all-cause late mortality was 23.2% (diagnosed 1970s) versus 12.8% (1990s; P = .002), with a recurrence-related mortality rate of 17.7% versus 9.6% ( P = .008). Lower late mortality rates as a result of other health-related causes were not observed. Among 997 survivors who completed a baseline survey, the 15-year cumulative incidence of SNs was higher among survivors with multimodal therapy (standard risk, 9.5%; historical, 2.8%; P = .03). Survivors treated in the 1990s had a higher cumulative incidence of severe, disabling, life-threatening, and fatal chronic health conditions (56.5% in 1990s v 39.9% in 1970s; P < .001) and were more likely to develop multiple conditions (RR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.31 to 6.38). However, survivors of standard-risk therapy were less likely to use special education services than high-risk therapy survivors (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.93). CONCLUSION Historical changes in medulloblastoma therapy that improved 5-year survival have increased the risk for SNs and debilitating health conditions for survivors yet reduced the need for special education services.
Evaluation of retention of knowledge, skill and competency of health workers one year after completion of the Helping Babies Breathe training program in South Sudan
Authors: Vunni Draiko Christopher , Yamarat Khemika , Panza Alessio , Draleru Judith 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: The aim of the study is to evaluate the long-term retention of knowledge, skill and competency of health workers who completed Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) training and effect on newborn mortality Methods: The study employed pre-post-interventions study and participants were selected based on their previous training on HBB protocols. Health workers were assessed for knowledge, skill and competency pre, post training in March, and 3months in June 2017 and 1-year post implementation in September 2018. Health workers were scored on knowledge, skill and competency. The mean score was obtained and repeated ANOVA, chi-squared test and Pearson’s test was used to compare pre- and post-intervention and one-year implementation. Retention of health worker’s knowledge, skill and competency was assessed using the HBB questionnaires, checklist, practical skill and drills, and were scored on knowledge, skill and competency. The scores were computed into percentages, mean scores and mean differences, and compared against scores at 3 months and 1 year. Impact on management of newborn asphyxia was conducted using a review of delivery registry at maternity and children ward scores were group into percentages, averages means, computed using the Chi-square test. Results: There were 53 health workers evaluated; 29 were in the intervention and 24 in the control hospital. There was marked decline in the knowledge (84% to 69.4% p=0.001), skills, (94.6% to 77%, p=0.001), competency for simple resuscitation (88.5% to 76.4%, p=0.36) and complex resuscitation (83.3% to 76.9%, p=0.001) in intervention hospitals. Health workers in the control had good retention and improvement of knowledge (50.6% to 61.2%, p= 0.004), skills (40.3% to 56.5% p=0.004), competency for simple resuscitation (38.0% to 53.1% p=0.001) and complex resuscitation (33.1% to 53.4% p=0.001). Conclusions: Health workers in the control hospital had improvement in retention of their knowledge, skill and competency. Newborn mortality decreased in both hospitals.
Accuracy of linear measurements obtained from stitched cone beam computed tomography images versus direct skull measurements
Authors: Hamed Doaa Ahmed Fouad , Hamdy Reham Mohamed , El Dessouky Sahar Hosny 
Published: February 2019

Background: To assess whether the linear measurements obtained from stitched cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were as accurate as the direct skull measurements. Methods: Nine dry human skulls were marked with gutta-percha at reference points to obtain Twenty-two linear measurements on each skull. Ten measurements in the cranio-caudal plane, two measurements in the antero-posterior plane, and ten measurements in the medio-lateral plane. CBCT linear measurements obtained using stitching software were measured and compared with direct skull measurements. Results: The absolute Dahlberg error between direct linear measurements and linear measurements on stitched CBCT images ranged from (0.07 mm to 0.41 mm). The relative Dahlberg error ranged from (0.2% to 1.8%). Moreover, Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranged from (0.97 to 1.0) indicating excellent agreement. Conclusion: Stitched CBCT linear measurements were highly comparable to the direct skull measurements using a digital caliper.
Henry Bauchau en Suisse : « Portrait de l’homme en jeune auteur »
Authors: LAGHOUATI Sofiane 
Published: February 2019

Cet article de Sofiane Laghouati explore un aspect de la vie d’Henry Bauchau, mettant en lumière l’éveil de sa conscience artistique et dessinant l’évolution de sa quête identitaire. De nombreux articles ont souligné toute l’importance de la période suisse dans l’œuvre de Bauchau. L’auteur envisage ici la manière dont les éléments qui environnent l’œuvre d’Henry Bauchau - l’univers protéiforme à partir duquel elle émerge - affectent ou donnent à voir et à reconsidérer la production littéraire telle que nous la recevons et l’appréhendons. En somme, quels sont les éléments qui, par-delà le travail scripturaire, donnent à voir l’écrivain ?
« Architecture de louange ». Trame et chaîne d’une traduction.
Authors: HENROT Geneviève 
Published: February 2019

L’article développe, au départ de l’exemple concret de la traduction italienne du poème « Architectures de louange », comment une analyse thématique et stylistique doit permettre, préalablement à la traduction, de comprendre les cohérences phoniques, prosodiques, sémantiques, syntaxiques en lien avec le réseau des figures et le rythme propres à l’auteur.