bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiating Gender, Memory, and History in Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day
Authors: Khan Sayma 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Anita Desai’s novel Clear Light of Day, published 33 years after the Indian subcontinent’s Partition, lays its focus on markedly ‘female’ experiences of Partition, wherein the importance of national history is negotiated within the framework of gendered family history. What role such familial (social) memories play within the larger canon of ‘Partition narratives’ will be analyzed exemplarily through the novel in this paper. Looking at the way the family house is depicted in Clear Light of Day is important to mark out its chronotopic value, i.e. the house contains as well as evokes spatial memories and triggers the mnemonic processes of the female protagonists that eventually facilitate the overcoming of past conflicts. Finally, the narrative technique of internal focalization, repeatedly deployed in the novel, will be scrutinized in order to reveal the inner turmoils and the personal (traumatic) experiences of the female protagonists.
Protest als diskursive Raum-Zeit-Aneignung. Das Beispiel der Identitären Bewegung Österreich
Authors: Bendl Christian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper deals with the Identitarian Movement, a presently highly salient Europe-wide right-wing youth movement, and its appropriation of the concepts of ‘space’ and ‘time’ in acts of protest. This appropriation is crucial for the movement, as ‘space’ and ‘time’ refer to specific ideologies which allow a positioning towards events, actors and discourses. In this study interdisciplinary approaches are adapted that lead to a descriptive linguistic discourse analysis of a single protest event. In order to enable an extensive and in-depth analysis, this single protest event is split up in three parts: 1. The announcement of the protest, 2. its performance in a place and 3. the continuation of the protest in/through social media. The findings argue to take the ideologization of history, places and actors into account when discussing the identity-building concepts and, especially, when undertaking critical and political follow-up studies of such movements.
Das Semikolon als Kohäsionsmittel. Eine Korpusstudie in der überregionalen Pressesprache
Authors: Gillmann Melitta 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Drawing on a corpus study conducted using the German national newspaper DIE ZEIT, the paper studies usage contexts of the semicolon, considering syntactic as well as text linguistic factors. In the vast majority of cases, the semicolon is found to connect main clauses; the linkage of subordinate clauses and nominal phrases is significantly less frequent. Moreover, the average semicolon sentence is significantly longer and structurally more complex than the average sentence of the same corpus. However, the sentence elements connected by the semicolon are shorter and less complex than average sentences.
The main claim of the article is that the semicolon marks coherence between two clauses. For the most part, the event expressed in the second clause is in some respect similar or equivalent to the first one or provides an explanation, an example or a reason. Less frequently, the second clause denotes a result, implies a contrast or operates in a speech-act domain. While these relations usually are not expressed explicitly by a connector, the coherence is often reflected by co-reference chains extending across both clauses.
Morphosyntaktische Variation in Verbalkomplexen des Verbslassenund der Modalverben im Infinitiv II. Eine Analyse aus der Perspektive von Zentrum und Peripherie
Authors: Dovalil Vít 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper deals with a morphosyntactic variable of German verb clusters containing a full verb and an infinitive perfect of the verblassenor of modal verbs (gelassen haben, gekonnt haben). The corpus-based analysis draws upon the concept of center and periphery as it was developed by the Prague School. The main research question underpinning the synchronic analysis concentrates on the use of the IPP (infinitivus pro participioequivalent to the German termErsatzinfinitiv) and the word order of the auxiliary verb within the cluster. In total, there is empirical evidence for four variants in which this variable is realized. Two of them fully correspond to the system of German infinitive constructions (full verb +gelassen/gekonnt haben, orhaben+ full verb + IPPlassen/können). However, these systemic constructions are used (much) less frequently in contemporary written German than the other two constructions (past participle of full verb +haben+lassen/können, or full verb +haben lassen/können). Whereas the former ones can be counted to the center of the German infinitive system from the structural point of view, the latter ones are classified as peripheral, because they are not derivable from the rules of this system. In spite of that, the paper explores one of identifiable epicenters within the periphery of the system, arguing with the highest frequency and further regularities of the third type of the construction (past particple of full verb +haben+lassen/können). The structural analysis takes the functional equivalency of subordinate clauses and the corresponding infinitive constructions into consideration. This contributes to better clarification of both morphology and word order of the elements creating the analyzed verb clusters.
Experimental Analysis of the Thermo-Hydraulic Performance on a Cylindrical Parabolic Concentrating Solar Water Heater with Twisted Tape Inserts in an Absorber Tube
Authors: Kumar Birendra , Nayak Rajen Kumar , Singh S.N. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A twisted tape inserted in an absorber tube may be an excellent option to enhance the performance of a cylindrical parabolic concentrating solar collector (CPC). The present work is an experimental study of the flow and heat transfer with and without twisted tape inserts in the absorber tube of a CPC. Results are presented for mass flow rates of water, ṁ=0.0198–0.0525 kg/s, twist ratio, y=5–10 and Reynolds number, Re=2577.46–6785.55. In the present study, we found that the outlet water temperature, collector efficiency and Nusselt number (Nu) are higher in the twisted tapes as compared to those without the twisted tape inserts in the absorber tube of the CPC. For fixed mass flow rate of water ṁ, the T
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and η increased with the decrease in twist ratio, y, and is higher in lower twist ratio, y=5, of the twisted tapes. The whole experiment was performed at the Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) in Dhanbad, India during the months of March–April 2017. Based on the experimental data, the correlations for the Nu and friction factor were also developed.
Distinct Roles of D1and D5Dopamine Receptors in Motor Activity and Striatal Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Centonze Diego , Grande Cristina , Saulle Emilia , Martín Ana B. , Gubellini Paolo , Pavón Nancy , Pisani Antonio , Bernardi Giorgio , Moratalla Rosario , Calabresi Paolo 
Published: April 2018

Stimulation of dopamine (DA) receptors in the striatum is essential for voluntary motor activity and for the generation of plasticity at corticostriatal synapses. In the present study, mice lacking DA D1receptors have been used to investigate the involvement of the D1-like class (D1and D5) of DA receptors in locomotion and corticostriatal long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP). Our results suggest that D1and D5receptors exert distinct actions on both activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and spontaneous motor activity. Accordingly, the ablation of D1receptors disrupted corticostriatal LTP, whereas pharmacological blockade of D5receptors prevented LTD. On the other side, genetic ablation of D1receptors increased locomotor activity, whereas the D1/D5receptor antagonist SCH 23390 decreased motor activity in both control mice and mice lacking D1receptors.Endogenous DA stimulated D1and D5receptors in distinct subtypes of striatal neurons to induce, respectively, LTP and LTD. In control mice, in fact, LTP was blocked by inhibiting the D1–protein kinase A pathway in the recorded spiny neuron, whereas the striatal nitric oxide-producing interneuron was presumably the neuronal subtype stimulated by D5receptors during the induction phase of LTD.Understanding the role of DA receptors in striatal function is essential to gain insights into the neural bases of critical brain functions and of dramatic pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction.
A Peptide Inhibitor of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Protects against Both Aminoglycoside and Acoustic Trauma-Induced Auditory Hair Cell Death and Hearing Loss
Authors: Wang J. , Van De Water T. R. , Bonny C. , de Ribaupierre F. , Puel J. L. , Zine A. 
Published: April 2018

Hearing loss can be caused by a variety of insults, including acoustic trauma and exposure to ototoxins, that principally effect the viability of sensory hair cells via the MAP kinase (MAPK) cell death signaling pathway that incorporates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).We evaluated the otoprotective efficacy of D-JNKI-1, a cell permeable peptide that blocks the MAPK–JNK signal pathway. The experimental studies included organ cultures of neonatal mouse cochlea exposed to an ototoxic drug and cochleae of adult guinea pigs that were exposed to either an ototoxic drug or acoustic trauma. Results obtained from the organ of Corti explants demonstrated that the MAPK–JNK signal pathway is associated with injury and that blocking of this signal pathway prevented apoptosis in areas of aminoglycoside damage. Treatment of the neomycin-exposed organ of Corti explants with D-JNKI-1 completely prevented hair cell death initiated by this ototoxin. Results fromin vivostudies showed that direct application of D-JNKI-1 into the scala tympani of the guinea pig cochlea prevented nearly all hair cell death and permanent hearing loss induced by neomycin ototoxicity. Local delivery of D-JNKI-1 also prevented acoustic trauma-induced permanent hearing loss in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that the MAPK–JNK signal pathway is involved in both ototoxicity and acoustic trauma-induced hair cell loss and permanent hearing loss. Blocking this signal pathway with D-JNKI-1 is of potential therapeutic value for long-term protection of both the morphological integrity and physiological function of the organ of Corti during times of oxidative stress.
Individual Properties of the Two Functional Agonist Sites in GABAAReceptors
Authors: Baumann Sabine W. , Baur Roland , Sigel Erwin 
Published: April 2018

The members of the pentameric ligand-gated receptor channel family are involved in information transfer in synapses and the neuromuscular junction. They often contain several copies of the same subunit isoform. Here, we present a method to functionally dissect the role of individual subunits that occur in multiple copies in these receptors.Opening of the inherent chloride channel in the GABAAreceptor is achieved through the binding of two agonist molecules; however, it has been difficult to obtain information on the contribution of the two individual binding sites. The sites are both located at β(+)/α(-) subunit interfaces, suggesting similar properties. One pair of subunits is flanked by γ and β (site 1) and the other by α and γ (site 2), the different environment possibly affecting the binding sites. Here, we used concatenated subunits and two point mutations of amino acid residues, each in α and β subunits, both located in the agonist binding pocket, to investigate the properties of these two sites. The sites were individually mutated, and consequences of these mutations on GABA and muscimol-induced channel opening and its competitive inhibition by bicuculline were studied. A model predicts that opening also occurs for receptors occupied with a single agonist molecule but is promoted approximately 60-fold in those occupied by two agonists and that site 2 has an approximately threefold higher affinity for GABA than site 1, whereas muscimol and bicuculline show some preference for site 1.
Credit Assignment in a Motor Decision Making Task Is Influenced by Agency and Not Sensory Prediction Errors
Authors: Parvin Darius E. , McDougle Samuel D. , Taylor Jordan A. , Ivry Richard B. 
Published: April 2018

Failures to obtain reward can occur from errors in action selection or action execution. Recently, we observed marked differences in choice behavior when the failure to obtain a reward was attributed to errors in action execution compared with errors in action selection (McDougle et al., 2016). Specifically, participants appeared to solve this credit assignment problem by discounting outcomes in which the absence of reward was attributed to errors in action execution. Building on recent evidence indicating relatively direct communication between the cerebellum and basal ganglia, we hypothesized that cerebellar-dependent sensory prediction errors (SPEs), a signal indicating execution failure, could attenuate value updating within a basal ganglia-dependent reinforcement learning system. Here we compared the SPE hypothesis to an alternative, “top-down” hypothesis in which changes in choice behavior reflect participants' sense of agency. In two experiments with male and female human participants, we manipulated the strength of SPEs, along with the participants' sense of agency in the second experiment. The results showed that, whereas the strength of SPE had no effect on choice behavior, participants were much more likely to discount the absence of rewards under conditions in which they believed the reward outcome depended on their ability to produce accurate movements. These results provide strong evidence that SPEs do not directly influence reinforcement learning. Instead, a participant's sense of agency appears to play a significant role in modulating choice behavior when unexpected outcomes can arise from errors in action execution.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen learning from the outcome of actions, the brain faces a credit assignment problem: Failures of reward can be attributed to poor choice selection or poor action execution. Here, we test a specific hypothesis that execution errors are implicitly signaled by cerebellar-based sensory prediction errors. We evaluate this hypothesis and compare it with a more “top-down” hypothesis in which the modulation of choice behavior from execution errors reflects participants' sense of agency. We find that sensory prediction errors have no significant effect on reinforcement learning. Instead, instructions influencing participants' belief of causal outcomes appear to be the main factor influencing their choice behavior.
Zu kompliziert, um zu funktionieren – Eine kritische Bewertung des Bail-in-Instruments im europäischen Recht der Bankenabwicklung
Authors: Tröger Tobias H. 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag hinterfragt die Umsetzung einer auf Bail-in ausgerichteten Regelungsstrategie im europäischen Recht der Bankenabwicklung kritisch. Er bezieht jenseits nationaler Umsetzungs- und Anwendungsfragen eine Position im Rahmen der paneuropäischen Debatte. Diese darf nicht auf technische Verfeinerungen innerhalb eines nicht mehr in Frage gestellten Regelungskonzepts beschränkt sein, sondern muss auch Pfadabhängigkeiten überwindende Neuansätze berücksichtigen. Der Beitrag kommt zu dem Schluss, dass das Bail-in-Instrument in seiner gegenwärtigen Gestalt ein zentrales Regelungsziel verfehlen wird, das hinter der zwingenden Beteiligung des Privatsektors (private sector involvement – PSI) an den Kosten der Bankenabwicklung steht. Eine risikoadäquate Bepreisung von Bankkapital, d. h. Marktdisziplin, wird sich unter der Sanierungs- und Abwicklungsrichtlinie (Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive – BRRD) und der Verordnung über den Einheitlichen Abwicklungsmechanismus (Single Resolution Mechanism Regulation – SRM-VO) nicht einstellen. Deshalb sollte ein alternativer Regelungsansatz verfolgt werden, der die anreizbegründende Verlustbeteiligung des Privatsektors möglichst weitgehend von der umfassenderen Abwicklung trennt und in prädesignierten Finanzinstrumenten konzentriert.
Ist Deutschlands Mittelstand bereit für FinTech und Online-Kredite?
Authors: Alscher Alexander , Kolbecher Marcel 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der technische Fortschritt und die Digitalisierung in der Finanzindustrie (u. a. durch FinTechs) haben angefangen den weltweiten Banken- und Kreditmarkt stark zu verändern. In einer empirischen Analyse über die Akzeptanz von kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) in Deutschland untersucht der Artikel die Möglichkeiten und Chancen von FinTechs im Bereich von innovativen Peer-to-Business-(P2B)-Lending-Plattformen als Finanzierungsalternative zu Bankkrediten. In der Arbeit werden die in der Theorie vorhandenen Akzeptanzkriterien identifiziert, empirisch mit Experten validiert und gewichtet sowie in einer empirischen Umfrage bei 53 mittelständischen Unternehmen getestet. Die Studie zeigt, dass ein transparenter Antragsprozess, ein persönlicher and qualifizierter Ansprechpartner, eine positive Reputation des Anbieters und die Transparenz der Gebühren maßgeblich für eine erfolgreiche Geschäftsmodellentwicklung von Peer-to-Business-Lending-Möglichkeiten bei deutschen KMU sind. Die Arbeit leistet sowohl einen wissenschaftlichen Verständnisbeitrag über die aktuelle Wahrnehmung und Akzeptanz von FinTech-Angeboten in Deutschland als auch einen praxisorientierten Bezugsrahmen, um kundenorientierte Geschäftsmodelle im P2B-Lending-Segment zu entwickeln und zu optimieren.
Ertragsteuerlicher Vorteilhaftigkeitsvergleich zwischen Aktienfonds- und Aktiendirektanlage im Privatvermögen nach dem Investmentsteuerreformgesetz
Authors: Kalies Kristin , Müller Heiko , Taqi Syeda Fariha 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Mit Inkrafttreten der Investmentsteuerreform am 1. 1. 2018 wird die bisher semi-transparente Besteuerung für Publikums-Investmentfonds durch ein neues Besteuerungsverfahren ersetzt, das grundsätzlich auf der getrennten Besteuerung des Investmentfonds und des Anteilseigners basiert. Da nunmehr Investmentfonds körperschaftsteuerpflichtig sind und auf Ebene des Aktienfonds Gewinnausschüttungen und Veräußerungsgewinne unterschiedlich besteuert werden, ergeben sich maßgebliche steuerliche Unterschiede im Vergleich zur Aktiendirektanlage im Privatvermögen. Die steuerliche Vorteilhaftigkeit der Anlagealternative wird insbesondere durch die Höhe der Vorsteuer-Rendite, den Dividenden- und Kursgewinnanteil, die Kursgewinn-Realisationsquote, den Umfang der Fondsausschüttung und den Betrachtungszeitraum bestimmt.
Förderung einer Risikokultur durch den Aufbau transformationaler Führungskompetenz
Authors: Wolf Juliane , Öhlschlegel-Haubrock Sonja , Rach Jutta 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Banken sind mit der 5. MaRisk-Novelle 2017 zur Schaffung einer angemessenen Risikokultur verpflichtet. Sowohl in der Literatur als auch durch die BaFin wird dabei auf die Rolle von Führung aufmerksam gemacht. Allerdings wurde bislang kaum betrachtet, wie eine entsprechende Führung aussehen muss. Hier wird aufgezeigt, dass gerade transformationale Führung einen Beitrag zur Förderung einer Risikokultur leistet. Diese Form der Mitarbeiterführung fördert die Verantwortlichkeit der Mitarbeiter für die Identifikation, Bewertung und Steuerung von Risiken aus Gesamtinstitutssicht und schafft es, dieses Wissen für das Unternehmen zugänglich und nutzbar zu machen.
Zur Zulässigkeit pauschaler Plattformverbote im Internetvertrieb von Luxuswaren
Authors: Kumkar Lea Katharina 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Am 6. Dezember des vergangenen Jahres hat der EuGH seine mit Spannung erwartete Entscheidung in dem Vorabentscheidungsverfahren Coty Germany GmbH gegen Parfümerie Akzente GmbH (Rs C-230/16) verkündet und dabei die rechtliche Zulässigkeit von pauschalen Plattformverboten im Selektivvertrieb zum Schutz des Prestigeimages von Luxusprodukten im Wesentlichen bestätigt. Obwohl der EuGH in seiner Entscheidung zu allen vier vom zuständigen Senat des OLG Frankfurt/M. formulierten Vorlagefragen Stellung bezieht, schafft das Urteil nur vermeintlich die in der Praxis lang ersehnte Klarheit: So bleibt nach wie vor offen, nach welchen Grundsätzen die Rechtmäßigkeit von Plattformverboten für den bedeutsamen Bereich hochwertiger Markenartikel zu beurteilen ist.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Central Nervous System Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ahluwalia Manmeet S. , Becker Kevin , Levy Benjamin P. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are a common complication in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), resulting in a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Treatment of CNS metastases requires a multidisciplinary approach, and the optimal treatment options and sequence of therapies are yet to be established. Many systemic therapies have poor efficacy in the CNS due to the challenges of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), creating a major unmet need for the development of agents with good BBB-penetrating biopharmaceutical properties. Although the CNS penetration of first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is generally low, EGFR-TKI treatment has been shown to delay time to CNS progression in patients with CNS metastases from EGFR-mutated disease. However, a major challenge with EGFR-TKI treatment for patients with NSCLC is the development of acquired resistance, which occurs in most patients treated with a first-line EGFR-TKI. Novel EGFR-TKIs, such as osimertinib, have been specifically designed to address the challenges of acquired resistance and poor BBB permeability and have demonstrated efficacy in the CNS. A rational, iterative drug development process to design agents that could penetrate the BBB could prevent morbidity and mortality associated with CNS disease progression. To ensure a consistent approach to evaluating CNS efficacy, special consideration also needs to be given to clinical trial endpoints.

Implications for Practice
Historically, treatment options for patients who develop central nervous system (CNS) metastases have been limited and associated with poor outcomes. The development of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved outcomes for patients with EGFR-mutated disease, and emerging data have demonstrated the ability of these drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier and elicit significant intracranial responses. Recent studies have indicated a role for next-generation EGFR-TKIs, such as osimertinib, in the treatment of CNS metastases. In the context of an evolving treatment paradigm, treatment should be individualized to the patient and requires a multidisciplinary approach.