bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of carboplatin plus etoposide with amrubicin monotherapy for extensive‐disease small cell lung cancer in the elderly and patients with poor performance status
Authors: Igawa Satoshi , Shirasawa Masayuki , Ozawa Takahiro , Nishinarita Noriko , Okuma Yuriko , Ono Taihei , Sugimoto Ai , Kurahayashi Shintaro , Sugita Keisuke , Sone Hideyuki , Fukui Tomoya , Mitsufuji Hisashi , Kubota Masaru , Katagiri Masato , Sasaki Jiichiro , Naoki Katsuhiko 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundCarboplatin plus etoposide (CE) is a standard treatment for elderly patients with extensive‐disease small cell lung cancer (ED‐SCLC). However, amrubicin monotherapy (AMR) may be a feasible alternative. We compared the efficacies and safety profiles of CE and AMR for ED‐SCLC in elderly patients and chemotherapy‐naive patients with poor performance status (PS).MethodsThe records of SCLC patients who received CE or AMR as first‐line chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed and their treatment outcomes evaluated.ResultsEighty‐four patients (median age 72 years; 42 each received CR and AMR) were analyzed; 34 patients had a PS score of 2. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the treatment groups. The median progression‐free survival rates of patients in the CE and AMR groups were 5.8 and 4.8 months, respectively (P = 0.04); overall survival was 14.0 and 8.5 months, respectively (P = 0.089). Twenty‐three CE group patients received AMR as second‐line chemotherapy; their median overall survival from first‐line chemotherapy was 18.5 months. Grade 3 or higher neutropenia occurred more frequently in patients treated with AMR (64% vs. 40%; P = 0.02), as did febrile neutropenia (14% vs. 7%).ConclusionsCE remains a suitable first‐line treatment for ED‐SCLC in elderly patients or those with poor PS in comparison with AMR.
Comparison of tumor related signaling pathways with known compounds to determine potential agents for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Song , Liu Renwang , Da Yurong 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThis study compared tumor‐related signaling pathways with known compounds to determine potential agents for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) treatment.MethodsKyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathway analyses were performed based on LUAD differentially expressed genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project and genotype‐tissue expression controls. These results were compared to various known compounds using the Connectivity Mapping dataset. The clinical significance of the hub genes identified by overlapping pathway enrichment analysis was further investigated using data mining from multiple sources. A drug‐pathway network for LUAD was constructed, and molecular docking was carried out.ResultsAfter the integration of 57 LUAD‐related pathways and 35 pathways affected by small molecules, five overlapping pathways were revealed. Among these five pathways, the p53 signaling pathway was the most significant, with CCNB1, CCNB2, CDK1, CDKN2A, and CHEK1 being identified as hub genes. The p53 signaling pathway is implicated as a risk factor for LUAD tumorigenesis and survival. A total of 88 molecules significantly inhibiting the five LUAD‐related oncogenic pathways were involved in the LUAD drug‐pathway network. Daunorubicin, mycophenolic acid, and pyrvinium could potentially target the hub gene CHEK1 directly.ConclusionOur study highlights the critical pathways that should be targeted in the search for potential LUAD treatments, most importantly, the p53 signaling pathway. Some compounds, such as ciclopirox and AG‐028671, may have potential roles for LUAD treatment but require further experimental verification.
Synergistic effects of TGFβ2, WNT9a, and FGFR4 signals attenuate satellite cell differentiation during skeletal muscle development
Authors: Zhang Weiya , Xu Yueyuan , Zhang Lu , Wang Sheng , Yin Binxu , Zhao Shuhong , Li Xinyun 
Published: June 2018

SummarySatellite cells play a key role in the aging, generation, and damage repair of skeletal muscle. The molecular mechanism of satellite cells in these processes remains largely unknown. This study systematically investigated for the first time the characteristics of mouse satellite cells at ten different ages. Results indicated that the number and differentiation capacity of satellite cells decreased with age during skeletal muscle development. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 2,907 genes were differentially expressed at six time points at postnatal stage. WGCNA and GO analysis indicated that 1,739 of the 2,907 DEGs were mainly involved in skeletal muscle development processes. Moreover, the results of WGCNA and protein interaction analysis demonstrated that Tgfβ2, Wnt9a, and Fgfr4 were the key genes responsible for the differentiation of satellite cells. Functional analysis showed that TGFβ2 and WNT9a inhibited, whereas FGFR4 promoted the differentiation of satellite cells. Furthermore, each two of them had a regulatory relationship at the protein level. In vivo study also confirmed that TGFβ2 could regulate the regeneration of skeletal muscle, as well as the expression of WNT9a and FGFR4. Therefore, we concluded that the synergistic effects of TGFβ2, WNT9a, and FGFR4 were responsible for attenuating of the differentiation of aging satellite cells during skeletal muscle development. This study provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of satellite cell development. The target genes and signaling pathways investigated in this study would be useful for improving the muscle growth of livestock or treating muscle diseases in clinical settings.
Girdling increases survival and growth of emerald ash borer larvae on Manchurian ash
Authors: Rigsby Chad M. , Villari Caterina , Peterson Donnie L. , Herms Daniel A. , Bonello Pierluigi , Cipollini Don 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In its native range in Asia, emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) is a secondary colonizer of its coevolved hosts, including Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandschurica Ruprecht). However, why larval performance is enhanced on stressed trees remains to be determined.
We examined the mechanisms that may reduce the resistance of stressed Manchurian ashes. Trees in a common garden were girdled or left untreated as controls and both treatments were inoculated with EAB eggs. Larvae and bark tissue were harvested after feeding and larval performance so that the defensive mechanisms and nutritional quality of bark tissue could be assessed.
Larval survival and mass was twice as high on girdled trees, although girdling had no effect on bark phenolics. The activity of two enzymes involved in wound repair and lignification (peroxidase and cinnamic alcohol dehydrogenase) was increased by girdling in bark tissue. Starch and total protein levels declined in girdled stems, although sugar content was unchanged. Total disulphide levels, a measure of protein oxidative damage, were increased by girdling, although no difference in lipid oxidative damage in ash phloem tissue was detected.
Girdling ash increased larval performance even though it elevated some wound repair mechanisms and decreased some indices of plant nutritional quality. Other tree responses to girdling also were poor predictors of larval performance. It appears that mechanisms of stress‐induced variation in resistance of Manchurian ash to EAB differ from those that may explain interspecific variation in resistance.
Bayesian Optimal Interval Design with Multiple Toxicity Constraints
Authors: Lin Ruitao 
Published: June 2018

Summary
Most phase I dose-finding trials are conducted based on a single binary toxicity outcome to investigate the safety of new drugs. In many situations, however, it is important to distinguish between various toxicity types and different toxicity grades. By minimizing the maximum joint probability of incorrect decisions, we extend the Bayesian optimal interval (BOIN) design to control multiple toxicity outcomes at prespecified levels. The developed multiple-toxicity BOIN design can handle equally important, unequally important as well as nested toxicity outcomes. Interestingly, we find that the optimal interval boundaries with non-nested toxicity outcomes under the proposed method coincide with those under the standard single-toxicity BOIN design by treating the multiple toxicity outcomes marginally. We establish several desirable properties for the proposed interval design. We additionally extend our design to address trials with combined drugs. The finite-sample performance of the proposed methods is assessed according to extensive simulation studies and is compared with those of existing methods. Simulation results reveal that, our methods are as accurate and efficient as the more complicated model-based methods, but are more robust and much easier to implement.
Construct validity of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children – FifthUKEdition: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the 16 primary and secondary subtests
Authors: Canivez Gary L. , Watkins Marley W. , McGill Ryan J. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThere is inadequate information regarding the factor structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – FifthUKEdition (WISC‐VUK; Wechsler, 2016a, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Fifth UK Edition, Harcourt Assessment, London, UK) to guide interpretation.Aims and methodsTheWISC‐VUKwas examined using complementary exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for all models proposed by Wechsler (2016b, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Fifth UK Edition: Administration and scoring manual, Harcourt Assessment, London, UK) as well as rival bifactor models.SampleTheWISC‐VUKstandardization sample (N = 415) correlation matrix was used in analyses due to denial of standardization sample raw data.ResultsEFAdid not support a theoretically posited fifth factor because only one subtest (Matrix Reasoning) had a salient pattern coefficient on the fifth factor. A model with four group factors and a general intelligence factor resembling the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition (WISC‐IV; Wechsler, 2003, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Fourth Edition, Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX, USA) was supported by bothEFAandCFA. General intelligence (g) was the dominant source of subtest variance and large omega‐hierarchical coefficients supported interpretation of the Full ScaleIQ(FSIQ) score. In contrast, the four group factors accounted for small portions of subtest variance and low omega‐hierarchical subscale coefficients indicated that the four‐factor index scores were of questionable interpretive value independent ofg. Present results replicated independent assessments of the Canadian, Spanish, French, andUSversions of theWISC‐V (Canivez, Watkins, & Dombrowski, 2016,Psychological Assessment,28, 975; 2017,Psychological Assessment, 29, 458; Fennollar‐Cortés & Watkins, 2018,International Journal of School & Educational Psychology; Lecerf & Canivez, 2018,Psychological Assessment; Watkins, Dombrowski, & Canivez, 2018,International Journal of School and Educational Psychology).ConclusionPrimary interpretation of theWISC‐VUKshould be of theFSIQas an estimate of general intelligence.
HNRNPLL stabilizes mRNA for DNA replication proteins and promotes cell cycle progression in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Sakuma Keiichiro , Sasaki Eiichi , Kimura Kenya , Komori Koji , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Yatabe Yasushi , Aoki Masahiro 
Published: June 2018

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L‐like (HNRNPLL), an RNA‐binding protein that regulates alternative splicing of pre‐mRNA, has been shown to regulate differentiation of lymphocytes, as well as metastasis of colorectal cancer cells. Here, we show that HNRNPLL promotes cell cycle progression and, hence, proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Functional annotation analysis of those genes whose expression levels were changed threefold or more in RNA sequencing analysis between SW480 cells overexpressing HNRNPLL and those knocked down for HNRNPLL revealed enrichment of DNA replication‐related genes by HNRNPLL overexpression. Among 13 genes detected in the DNA replication pathway, PCNA, RFC3 and FEN1 showed reproducible upregulation by HNRNPLL overexpression both at mRNA and at protein levels in SW480 and HT29 cells. Importantly, knockdown of any of these genes alone suppressed the proliferation‐promoting effect induced by HNRNPLL overexpression. RNA‐immunoprecipitation assay presented a binding of FLAG‐tagged HNRNPLL to mRNA of these genes, and HNRNPLL overexpression significantly suppressed the downregulation of these genes during 12 h of actinomycin D treatment, suggesting a role of HNRNPLL in mRNA stability. Finally, analysis of a public RNA sequencing dataset of clinical samples suggested a link between overexpression of HNRNPLL and that of PCNA, RFC3 and FEN1. This link was further supported by immunohistochemistry of colorectal cancer clinical samples, whereas expression of CDKN1A, which is known to inhibit the cooperative function of PCNA, RFC3 and FEN1, was negatively associated with HNRNPLL expression. These results indicate that HNRNPLL stabilizes mRNA encoding regulators of DNA replication and promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation.
Dihydromyricetin inhibits microglial activation and neuroinflammation by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Feng Jie , Wang Jing‐Xue , Du Ye‐Hong , Liu Ying , Zhang Wei , Chen Jing‐Fei , Liu Yuan‐Jie , Zheng Min , Wang Ke‐Jian , He Gui‐Qiong 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundActivated microglia‐mediated inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, chronic activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes triggered by amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in microglia contributes to persistent neuroinflammation. Here, the primary goal was to assess whether Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a plant flavonoid compound, is effective therapies for AD; it is crucial to know whether DHM will affect microglial activation and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.MethodsAfter DHM was intraperitoneally injected in APP/PS1 double‐transgenic mice, we assessed the effect of DHM on microglial activation, the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components, and the production of inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β by immunofluorescence and Western blot. To determine whether DHM play roles in the Aβ production and deposition, amyloid β protein precursor (APP) and β‐site APP cleaving enzyme1 (BACE1), as well as neprilysin (NEP), were detected by Western blot. Finally, behavior was tested by Morris Water Maze to illustrate whether DHM treatment has a significantly positive effect on ameliorating the memory and cognition deficits in AD.ResultsDihydromyricetin treatment significantly ameliorated memory and cognition deficits and decreased the number of activated microglia in the hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mice. In addition, APP/PS1 mice show reduced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and reduced expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components. Furthermore, DHM could promote clearance of Aβ, a trigger for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, by increasing levels of NEP and shift microglial conversion to the M2‐specific agrinase‐1‐positive cell phenotype, which enhances microglial clearance of Aβ and its aggregates but not production of Aβ.ConclusionTaken together, our findings suggest that DHM prevents progression of AD‐like pathology through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome‐based microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation and may be a promising therapeutic drug for treating AD.
Women's work and structural change: occupational structure in eighteenth‐century Spain
Authors: Sarasua Carmen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article uses the declarations of householders in the Cadaster of Ensenada (1750–5) to calculate labour participation rates for women and men from 22 localities in inland Spain. The article establishes the actual levels of women's market activity, which are much higher than commonly assumed. This unique source also makes it possible to analyse the region's occupational structure. Due to the labour‐intensive character of manufacturing work, the abundant supply of cheap labour, the diffusion of cottage industries, and the demand for commodities from internal and colonial markets, a large portion of the region's population worked in manufactures in the eighteenth century. This finding challenges standard interpretations of the Spanish economy at this time as mostly agricultural, which rely on sources that exclude women workers. Most workers in the manufacturing sector were women, and their market activity was concentrated in textile manufacturing. Once women are included in the analyses, the industrial share of employment follows a U‐shaped trajectory from the eighteenth century to the twentieth century. The article concludes that the standard interpretation of structural change, based solely on empirical evidence for male workers, gives a misleading picture of when, where, why, and how structural change occurred.
Australian squatters, convicts, and capitalists: dividing up a fast‐growing frontier pie, 1821–71
Authors: Panza Laura , Williamson Jeffrey G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCompared with its competitors, Australian GDP per worker grew exceptionally quickly from the 1820s to the 1870s, at a rate about twice that of the US and three times that of Britain. Did this rapid growth produce rising inequality, following a Kuznets curve? Using a novel dataset, this article offers new evidence that provides unambiguous support for the view that, in sharp contrast with the US experience and with globalization‐inequality views concerning late nineteenth‐century frontiers, Australia underwent a revolutionary levelling in incomes up to the 1870s. This assessment is based on trends in many proxies for inequality, as well as annual estimates of functional income shares in the form of land rents, convict payments, free unskilled labour incomes, free skilled labour and white collar incomes, British imperial transfers, and a capitalist residual.
High pyrolysis temperature biochars reduce nitrogen availability and nitrous oxide emissions from an acid soil
Authors: Lan Zhongming , Chen Chengrong , Rezaei Rashti Mehran , Yang Hong , Zhang Dongke 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiochar–bioenergy coproduction from biomass pyrolysis has the potential to contribute to climate change mitigation. Biochar produced at various pyrolysis temperatures (<600°C) has been widely studied. However, the effect of biochars, produced at high pyrolysis temperature (≥600°C), on soil nitrogen (N) dynamics and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission is largely unknown. A pot trial was performed to examine the effect of high pyrolysis temperature (600, 700, 850 and 950°C) woody biochars on soil N dynamics, microbial gene abundance and N2O emissions with (+N) and without N (−N) fertilization from an acid soil. Results showed that all biochar treatments significantly lowered the N2O emissions in both fertilized and unfertilized regimes. However, the suppressive effect on N2O emission among different high pyrolysis temperatures was not statistically different. Biochar amendment significantly decreased the concentration of soil NH4+, and lower levels of soil NO3− were observed at the later stage of experiment. Under −N, plant biomass and N uptake were significantly lowered in all biochar treatments. Under +N, biochar addition significantly increased plant biomass, while only the 700°C biochar significantly increased N uptake. This suggests that single application of biochar could limit soil mineral N bioavailability and further decrease plant growth and N uptake in the plant–soil system. Biochar amendments tended to increase nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) gene abundance, but this effect was only significant for biochar produced at 950°C under +N. In conclusion, high pyrolysis temperature biochars can be effectively used to reduce N2O emission, while increases in nosZ gene abundance and decreases in NH4+ and NO3− concentrations in the acid soil are likely to be responsible for the reduction in N2O emission. Thus, woody biochars as a by‐product produced at high pyrolysis temperature have the potential to mitigate soil N2O emission via modifying N transformation and further affect climate change.
Masterful Meisters? Voluntary Certification and Quality in the German Crafts Sector
Authors: Fredriksen Kaja , Runst Petrik , Bizer Kilian 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Voluntary certification systems potentially reduce search costs in markets with imperfect information. Service markets with many heterogeneous firms - such as the crafts market - are prone to information imperfections and can therefore potentially benefit from such informational mechanisms. We examine if the Meister qualification in the German crafts sector improves service quality as perceived by consumers. We find a significant and positive relationship between the Meister title and consumer ratings and conclude that the certificate is a credible sign of quality.
2. NOSTALGIA AND THE TURBULENCE OF TIMES
Authors: LANDWEHR ACHIM 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe concept of nostalgia has an invaluable advantage: In contrast to other cultural concepts, it has an exact date of birth. It was in 1688 when the medic Johannes Hofer published a thesis in which he described an illness he termed with the neologism “nostalgia.” But instead of following the academic and larger cultural discourses that evolved from this starting point until the present, the question that deserves some attention is which temporal setting goes along with the concept of nostalgia. Most of the experts on nostalgia as a sickness during the last three and a half centuries did not diagnose themselves but others, quite often patients from rural areas who had to leave home to work abroad, where they became nostalgic. With this diagnosis these experts also established a certain time‐model, because they separated a “modern” time‐model of irreversibility from a “nostalgic” time‐model of reversibility. If we take a closer look at the nostalgia diagnosis and its consequences, we might also gain some ideas for our thinking about the theory of history.
3. THE NOSTALGIAS FOR EMPIRE
Authors: LORCIN PATRICIA M. E. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to explore the theoretical and practical differences between colonial and imperial nostalgia. It opens with a substantial theoretical discussion of the relevant scholarship followed by an analysis of the nostalgias of empire. Nostalgia, in relation to empire, is usually analyzed as a longing for a period of former imperial and colonial glory, thus blurring the various hegemonic practices associated with empire. This elision arises out of the fact colonialism was integral to European imperialism. Yet there is a significant distinction between imperial and colonial nostalgia. With its main focus on postcolonial society in France and Britain, the article will theorize the differences between them, arguing that one is connected to the loss of global power and the other to the loss of a socioeconomic lifestyle. It will explore the way in which these two types of nostalgia are constructed and historicized, examining their differences from historical memory through the responses of both former colonizing and colonized individuals or groups. It will demonstrate that collective nostalgia is not merely a “feel‐good” sentiment about an idealized political or socioeconomic past, but can be readily connected to coming to terms with past trauma(s) thus being a mechanism to elide violence experienced and violence perpetrated by highlighting one to the detriment of the other.