bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Multi‐functional Separators With Regulated Ion Flux and Selectivity for Macrobian Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Zhixuan , Zhao Yiming , Huyan Yu , Ren Lingbo , Wang Mingyao , Li Xu , Wang Jian‐Gan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe success of achieving scale‐up deployment of zinc ion batteries is to selectively regulate the rapid and dendrite‐free growth of zinc anodes. Herein, this is proposed that a creative design strategy of constructing multi‐functional separators (MFS) to stabilize the zinc anodes. By in situ decorating metal‐organic‐framework coating on commercial glass fiber, the upgraded separator is of remarkable benefit for strong anion (SO42−) anchoring, uniform ion flux across the interface, and boosted Zn2+ desolvation. Such a feature selectively promotes the Zn2+ transportation efficiency, which enables a high Zn2+ transference number of 0.81, enhanced ionic conductivity, and a superb exchange current density of 12.80 mA cm−2. Consequently, the zinc anode can be operated stably with an ultra‐long service lifetime of over 4800 h in symmetric cells and improved cycling endurance in full batteries. This work paves an attractive pathway to design multi‐functional separators with regulated ion flux and selectivity toward high‐energy metal batteries beyond zinc chemistry.
Cargo Quantification of Functionalized DNA Origami for Therapeutic Application
Authors: Young Olivia J. , Dembele Hawa , Rajwar Anjali , Kwon Ick Chan , Ryu Ju Hee , Shih William M. , Zeng Yang C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn recent years, notable advances in nanotechnology‐based drug delivery have emerged. A particularly promising platform in this field is DNA origami‐based nanoparticles, which offer highly programmable surfaces, providing precise control over the nanoscale spacing and stoichiometry of various cargo. These versatile particles are finding diverse applications ranging from basic molecular biology to diagnostics and therapeutics. This growing interest creates the need for effective methods to quantify cargo on DNA origami nanoparticles. The study consolidates several previously validated methods focusing on gel‐based and fluorescence‐based techniques, including multiplexed quantification of protein, peptide, and nucleic acid cargo on these nanoparticles. In this work, how gel band intensity and nanodrop fluorescence readings can be used to quantify protein, peptide, and RNA cargo on a DNA origami nanoparticle is demonstrated. This work may serve as a valuable resource for groups of researchers keen on utilizing DNA origami‐based nanoparticles in therapeutic applications.
The effect of racial and ethnic attitudes on Hispanic identity in the United States
Authors: Hadah Hussain 
Published: December 2024

AbstractI study the determinants of choosing to identify as Hispanic among individuals who are eligible—those whose parents, grandparents, or themselves were born in a Spanish‐speaking country. Using a multiple proxy regression approach, I construct a bias measure based on the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the American National Election Studies (ANES). I find that individuals with Hispanic ancestry are significantly less likely to self‐identify as Hispanic if they reside in states with high levels of bias. A one standard deviation increase in bias reduces self‐reported Hispanic identity by 4 percentage points among all Hispanics. These effects are more pronounced among second‐generation immigrants with both parents born in a Spanish‐speaking country compared to children of inter‐ethnic parents. These findings have implications for interpreting research on ethnic gaps in economic outcomes and for accurately counting the population.
Students' situational engagement profiles in formal and informal science learning environments
Authors: Beymer Patrick N. , Schell Matthew J. , Alberts Kimberly M. , Phun Vicky , Rosenberg Joshua M. , Schmidt Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStudent engagement is widely considered to be a multidimensional construct consisting of behavioral, cognitive, and affective components. Recent research has examined student engagement in science learning contexts using holistic approaches that account for multidimensionality through the identification of engagement profiles. However, it is not yet clear whether identified science engagement profiles are consistent across different samples, different learning environments, or different modes of measurement. Using data from three extant datasets involving middle‐ and high‐school aged youth, we explored the consistency of students' situational engagement profiles across science learning environments (formal and informal) and modes of measurement (experience sampling and end‐of‐class reports). Results from latent profile analyses of students' behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement identified four common profiles across the three datasets, though each dataset had its own unique profile solution (ranging from five to seven profiles). Consistent profiles across the three datasets included universally low, moderate, recreational, and full engagement. Three additional engagement profiles were identified (rational, purposeful, and busy engagement), though they emerged inconsistently across the samples. Findings speak to the applicability of conceptual frameworks of engagement to science learning contexts. Results are discussed considering environmental (formal vs. informal learning environments) and methodological considerations (experience sampling vs. end of class report).
A systematic DNS approach to isolate wall-curvature effects in spatially developing boundary layers
Authors: Appelbaum Jason , Kloker Markus , Wenzel Christoph 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A methodology to numerically assess wall-curvature effects in boundary layers is introduced. Wall curvature, which directly induces streamline curvature, is associated with several changes in boundary-layer flow. By necessity, a local radial pressure gradient emerges to balance mean flow turning. Moreover, a streamwise (wall-tangential) pressure gradient can appear for configurations with non-constant wall curvature or a particular freestream condition; zero pressure gradient is a special case. In laminar concave flow, the Görtler instability and the associated Taylor-Görtler vortices destabilize the flow and promote laminar-turbulent transition, whereas in the fully turbulent regime, unsteady coherent structures formed by the centrifugal instability mechanism dramatically redistribute turbulent shear stress. One difficulty of assessing centrifugal effects on boundary layers is that they often appear simultaneously with other phenomena, such as a streamwise pressure gradient, making their individual evaluation often ambiguous. For numerical studies of transitional and turbulent boundary layers, it is therefore beneficial to understand the interactive nature of such coupled effects for generic configurations. A methodology to do so is presented, and is verified using the case of a subsonic, compressible turbulent boundary layer. Four direct numerical simulations have been computed, forming a

$$2{\times }2$$

2
×
2

matrix of turbulent boundary-layer states; namely with and without concave wall curvature, each having a zero and a non-zero streamwise-pressure-gradient realization. The setup and accompanying procedures to determine appropriate boundary conditions are discussed, and the methodology is evaluated through analysis of the mean flow fields. Differences in mean flow properties such as wall shear stress and boundary-layer thickness due to either streamwise pressure gradient or wall curvature are shown to be remarkably independent of one another.
A Dynamical Yukawa$$_{2}$$ Model
Authors: Chandra Ajay , Hairer Martin , Peev Martin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We prove local (in space and time) well-posedness for a mildly regularised version of the stochastic quantisation of the

$$\hbox {Yukawa}_{{2}}$$

Yukawa
2

Euclidean field theory with a self-interacting boson. Our regularised dynamic is still singular but avoids non-local divergences, allowing us to use a version of the Da Prato–Debussche argument (Da Prato and Debussche in Ann Probab 31(4):1900–1916, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1214/aop/1068646370). This model is a test case for a non-commutative probability framework for formulating the kind of singular SPDEs arising in the stochastic quantisation of field theories mixing both bosons and fermions.
Spectrum of the Maxwell Equations for a Flat Interface Between Homogeneous Dispersive Media
Authors: Brown Malcolm , Dohnal Tomáš , Plum Michael , Wood Ian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The paper determines and classifies the spectrum of a non-self-adjoint operator pencil generated by the time-harmonic Maxwell problem with a nonlinear dependence on the frequency for the case of two homogeneous materials joined at a planar interface. We study spatially one-dimensional and two-dimensional reductions in the whole space

$${\mathbb {R}}$$

R

and

$${\mathbb {R}}^2$$

R

2

. The dependence on the spectral parameter, i.e. the frequency, is in the dielectric function and we make no assumptions on its form. These function values determine the spectral sets. In order to allow also for non-conservative media, the dielectric function is allowed to be complex, yielding a non-self-adjoint problem. The whole spectrum consists of eigenvalues and the essential spectrum, but the various standard types of essential spectra do not coincide in all cases. The main tool for determining the essential spectra are Weyl sequences.
A simplified fluid-sensitive MRI protocol for the hands to detect inflammation without contrast administration: a large study of symptom-free subjects from the general population as a reference for normality
Authors: Boeren Anna M. P. , Ton Dennis A. , van Mulligen Elise , Klerk Bianca Boxma-de , de Jong Pascal H. P. , Oei Edwin H. G. , Reijnierse Monique , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
MRI of the hands is valuable for risk-stratification in patients with arthralgia at-risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Contrast-enhanced MRI is considered standard for assessment of RA, but has practical disadvantages. It also shows inflammation-like features in the general population, especially at older age, which should be considered in image interpretation. The modified-Dixon (mDixon) technique is reliable compared to contrast-enhanced sequences. Moreover, this short protocol without contrast-enhancement is patient-friendly. Whether it also shows inflammation-like features in the general population is unknown. We studied this to support accurate use in the clinic.

Methods
Two hundred twenty symptom-free volunteers from different age-categories were recruited from the general population and underwent mDixon MRI of both hands. Two readers independently scored MRIs for synovitis, tenosynovitis, and bone marrow edema (BME) in the metacarpophalangeal-joints (MCP) and wrists according to the RAMRIS. Features were considered present if scored by both readers; frequencies > 5% were considered relevant in terms of specificity and determined per age-category (< 40/40- < 60/ ≥ 60-years).

Results
Higher age correlated with higher BME-scores (p-value < 0.005), but not with synovitis and tenosynovitis-scores. BME (grade 1) occurred in some bones in people aged ≥ 60, 14% had BME in the lunate, 7% in metacarpal-1, and 6% in the trapezium. Synovitis and tenosynovitis did not occur in > 5%, except for grade-1 synovitis in the right distal radio-ulnar-joint in people aged ≥ 60 (11%).

Conclusion
On mDixon MRI, inflammatory features in the hands of the general population are rare. This facilitates image interpretation. To prevent overinterpretation, only several locations should be considered when evaluating people aged ≥ 60-years.
$$\Gamma $$-Convergence for Plane to Wrinkles Transition Problem
Authors: Bella Peter , Marziani Roberta 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We consider a variational problem modeling transition between flat and wrinkled region in a thin elastic sheet and identify the

$$\Gamma $$

Γ

-limit as the sheet thickness goes to 0, thus extending the previous work of the first author (Bella et al. in Arch Ration Mech Anal 218(1):163–217, 2015). The limiting problem is scalar and convex, but constrained and posed for measures. For the

$$\Gamma -\liminf $$

Γ
-
lim inf

inequality, we first pass to quadratic variables so that the constraint becomes linear, and then obtain the lower bound using Reshetnyak’s theorem. The construction of the recovery sequence for the

$$\Gamma -\limsup $$

Γ
-
lim sup

inequality relies on mollification of quadratic variables and careful choice of multiple construction parameters. Eventually for the limiting problem, we show existence of a minimizer and equipartition of the energy for each frequency.
OP-Video-Kurs erhält bessere Bewertung als OP-Hospitation im Rahmen der studentischen Lehre
Authors: Gniesmer Stefanie , Sonntag Svenja Rebecca , Grisanti Swaantje , Pawlik Vera Elisabeth , Piria Roya , Prasuhn Michelle , Grisanti Salvatore , Mohi Armin 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die Vermittlung von Kenntnissen im OP-Saal stellt eine besondere Herausforderung in der studentischen Lehre dar.

Ziel
Die Hospitation im OP-Saal wurde einem OP-Video-Kurs im Rahmen des Blockpraktikums Augenheilkunde der Universität zu Lübeck gegenübergestellt und verglichen.

Methoden
Alle Studierenden nahmen sowohl an der OP-Hospitation als auch am OP-Video-Kurs teil und wurden anhand eines Fragenkatalogs mit den gleichen Fragen zu beiden Unterrichtsformen befragt. Anhand der Auswertung dieser Fragen führten wir einen direkten Vergleich zwischen der Teilnahme im OP-Saal und dem Unterricht mit OP-Videos durch.

Ergebnisse
Die Vermittlung der OP-Inhalte und -Schritte (p < 001), des zugrundeliegenden Krankheitsbilds (p < 001), der OP-Indikation (p < 001) und des OP-Ergebnisses (p < 001) wurde besser bewertet im OP-Video-Kurs als in der OP-Hospitation. Die Einschätzung des Lernzuwachses (p < 001) fiel ebenfalls im OP-Video-Kurs höher aus. Lediglich das Interesse an der Ophthalmochirurgie (p = 0,62) wurde im OP-Video-Kurs und in der OP-Hospitation ähnlich bewertet.

Schlussfolgerung
Das Videoformat ist gut geeignet zur reinen Wissensvermittlung. Allerdings ersetzt es nicht die Teilnahme im OP-Saal, bei der nicht nur die Operation selbst verfolgt werden kann, sondern auch die Vor- und Nachbereitung. Wir bevorzugen daher eine Kombination aus beiden Kursteilen und werden die dargestellte Struktur beibehalten. Zusätzlich werden wir die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse dazu nutzen, den Unterricht im OP-Saal weiter zu verbessern.
Old but Gold or New and Shiny? Comparing Tree Ensembles for Ordinal Prediction with a Classic Parametric Approach
Authors: Buczak Philip , Horn Daniel , Pauly Markus 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrdinal data are frequently encountered, e.g., in the life and social sciences. Predicting ordinal outcomes can inform important decisions, e.g., in medicine or education. Two methodological streams tackle prediction of ordinal outcomes: Traditional parametric models, e.g., the proportional odds model (POM), and machine learning-based tree ensemble (TE) methods. A promising TE approach involves selecting the best performing from sets of randomly generated numeric scores assigned to ordinal response categories (ordinal forest; Hornung, 2019). We propose a new method, the ordinal score optimization algorithm, that takes a similar approach but selects scores through non-linear optimization. We compare these and other TE methods with the computationally much less expensive POM. Despite selective efforts, the literature lacks an encompassing simulation-based comparison. Aiming to fill this gap, we find that while TE approaches outperform the POM for strong non-linear effects, the latter is competitive for small sample sizes even under medium non-linear effects.
Transient rheology and morphology in sheared nanolayer polymer films
Authors: Dmochowska Anna , Peixinho Jorge , Sollogoub Cyrille , Miquelard-Garnier Guillaume 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The rheology of coextruded layered films of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) has been studied with small and large amplitude oscillations at a temperature above their glass transition. While the complex viscosity remains constant over the experimental time window for the micron-sized layered films, a decrease has been observed for the nanolayered films. The rheological behavior has then been correlated to the morphological evolution of the multilayer films while the nanolayers dewet. Layer breakup followed by retraction and coalescence leading to a lamellar-like blend morphology followed by a nodular-like morphology has been evidenced in the nanolayer films, for all compositions and conditions tested. The analysis of the microscopic images of the Lfilm cross-sections also provided the droplet size distribution. The nodular morphology is achieved more rapidly when the initial layers are the thinnest at low strains, while at high strains the formation of these droplets is prevented.

Graphical abstract
A Full Halin Grid Theorem
Authors: Georgakopoulos Agelos , Hamann Matthias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHalin’s well-known grid theorem states that a graph G with a thick end must contain a subdivision of the hexagonal half-grid. We obtain the following strengthening when G is vertex-transitive and locally finite. Either G is quasi-isometric to a tree (and therefore has no thick end), or it contains a subdivision of the full hexagonal grid.
Validation of the Japanese version of the Esophageal Hypervigilance and Anxiety Scale for esophageal symptoms
Authors: Sawada Akinari , Hoshikawa Yoshimasa , Hosaka Hiroko , Saito Masahiro , Tsuru Hirotaka , Kato Shunsuke , Ihara Eikichi , Koike Tomoyuki , Uraoka Toshio , Kasugai Kunio , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Sifrim Daniel , Pandolfino John Erik , Taft Tiffany H. , Fujiwara Yasuhiro ,   Japan EHAS Study Group, Tanaka Fumio , Ominami Masaki , Ochiai Tadashi , Yamamoto Kei , Hisaki Yuki , Kuribayashi Shiko , Itami Hideaki , Yachi Kazuma , Shuto Yukihiro , Hata Yoshitaka , Wada Masafumi , Izawa Shinya , Funaki Yasushi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The Esophageal Hypervigilance and Anxiety Scale (EHAS) is an English questionnaire created in the USA to assess these factors in all patients with esophageal diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Japanese version of EHAS and investigate the relationship between EHAS scores and symptoms in untreated disorders of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow.

Methods
This prospective study recruited patients who underwent high-resolution manometry (HRM) at six tertiary centers in Japan. The EHAS was translated to Japanese using standard forward and backward translation methods. Patients completed the following questionnaires: the Japanese EHAS, Eckardt score, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for assessment of construct validity. Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with esophageal symptom severity in untreated disorders of EGJ outflow.

Results
Overall, we analyzed 432 patients. Their main symptoms were dysphagia and reflux. The most common HRM diagnosis was normal (35.9%), followed by achalasia (29.4%). The Japanese EHAS demonstrated excellent reliability, and construct validity, with two subscales similar to the original EHAS. Total EHAS score moderately correlated to Eckardt score (r = 0.545, p < 0.001). In 113 patients with untreated disorders of EGJ outflow, multivariable analysis demonstrated that younger age, type II achalasia, and higher EHAS score were independently associated with higher Eckardt score.

Conclusions
The Japanese EHAS is a reliable and valid questionnaire. Its subscale scores can be used as in the original version with some caution. Future studies are warranted to assess the appropriateness of factor loading.
No Evidence of Interaction Between FADS2 Genotype and Breastfeeding on Cognitive or Other Traits in the UK Biobank
Authors: Centorame Giulio , Warrington Nicole M. , Hemani Gibran , Wang Geng , Davey Smith George , Evans David M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBreastfeeding is hypothesised to benefit child health and cognitive functioning by providing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are essential for brain development. In 2007, Caspi et al. found evidence in two cohorts for an interaction between genetic variation in the FADS2 gene (a gene involved in fatty acid metabolism) and breastfeeding on IQ. However, subsequent studies have provided mixed evidence for the existence of an interaction. We investigated the relationship between genetic variation in the FADS2 region, breastfeeding, and their interaction in up to 335,650 individuals from the UK Biobank. We tested for the interaction over a range of cognitive functioning tests, as well as educational attainment and other traits thought to be influenced by breastfeeding, including cardiometabolic traits, number of offspring, and atopic allergy. FADS2 alleles associated with an increase in docosahexaenoic acid in blood serum (the C allele of rs174575) were associated with decreased verbal-numerical reasoning ($$p=2.28\times {10}^{-5}$$

p
=
2.28
×

10

-
5

) and triglycerides ($$p=1.40\times {10}^{-41}$$

p
=
1.40
×

10

-
41

), increased number of offspring ($$p=3.40\times {10}^{-5}$$

p
=
3.40
×

10

-
5

), total cholesterol ($$p=5.28\times {10}^{-36}$$

p
=
5.28
×

10

-
36

), HDL ($$p=1.42\times {10}^{-51}$$

p
=
1.42
×

10

-
51

), and LDL cholesterol ($$p=1.46\times {10}^{-21}$$

p
=
1.46
×

10

-
21

). We observed no evidence of an interaction in any of the traits, regardless of the modelling strategy on any cognitive or non-cognitive traits. We postulate that the previous positive findings are likely to be spurious, perhaps due to lack of appropriate control for latent population structure.
Empathy Development in Preschoolers With/Without Hearing Loss and Its Associations with Social-Emotional Functioning
Authors: Li Zijian , Li Boya , Tsou Yung-Ting , Frijns Johan H. M. , Meng Qi , Yuen Shannon , Wang Liyan , Liang Wei , Rieffe Carolien 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Empathy plays a crucial role in children’s social-emotional development. There is an increasing trend in recent studies to recognize empathy as a multi-dimensional construct, consisting of three distinct hierarchical levels: emotion contagion, attention to others’ feelings and prosocial behaviors (Hoffman, Motiv Emot, 14(2), 151–172, 1990). The present study is amongst the first to use a longitudinal approach to examine the development trajectories of the distinct empathic levels, based on a sample of Chinese preschoolers aged 2 to 6 years, half of the sample being deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH). Our results showed that according to the parental observation, DHH preschoolers manifested similar extent of emotion contagion and attention to others’ feelings as their TH (typically hearing) peers over preschool years. Yet, DHH preschoolers showed fewer prosocial behaviors, compared to their TH peers. As for the longitudinal associations over time, emotion contagion contributed to more internalizing and externalizing behaviors in both groups; whilst attention to others’ feelings contributed to fewer internalizing behaviors in only DHH children. Prosocial behaviors contributed to better social competence, and fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviors in both DHH and TH children just as expected. These outcomes imply that the early intervention or special education may be useful to safeguard children’s empathic development, shrinking the gaps between DHH and TH children; but meanwhile, cultural factors might cause latent effects on children’s understandings of empathy and impact on how empathy “regulates” children’s social-emotional functioning, in a Chinese cultural context.