bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Organic Manure and Its Application Timing on the Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)
Authors: Akhter Sanjida , Mostarin Tahmina , Khatun Khaleda , Haq Md. Ehsanul , Soniya Ismita Akter , Monira Shirajum , Sharmin Iffat , Ghosh Avijit 
Published: October 2019

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, from October 2017 to February 2018. The experiment consisted of two factors, Factor A: Four levels of organic manures, viz. M0 = Control; M1 = Cowdung (35 t ha-1), M2 = Mustard oil cake (3.5 t ha-1) and M3 = Vermicompost. Factor B: Three application times, viz. T1 = 15 days before transplanting, T2 = Application at the time of transplanting and T3 = 15 days after transplanting. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In the case of organic manure, the highest yield (38.70 t/ha) was found from M2 treatment, whereas the lowest yield (19.71t/ha) was recorded from M0 treatment. In the case of application time, the highest yield (31.83t/ha) was found from T1 treatment, whereas the lowest yield (28.10 t/ha) was recorded from T3 treatment. Due to combined effect maximum yield (38.704 t/ha) with net return (4,74,421tk) and BCR (2.20) was obtained from M2T1 treatment combination while the lowest yield (17.90 t/ha) with the lowest income (44,211 tk) and BCR (1.17) from M0T3 treatment combination. So, the economic analysis revealed that the M2T1 treatment combination appeared to be best for achieving the higher growth, yield and economic benefit of cauliflower.
Morpho-Physiological Responses of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation under Drought Stress
Authors: Godwin Okon, Okon , Paul Uyon, Peter , Monday Nyahette, Enobong 
Published: October 2019

Aims: To assess the potential impacts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (G. geosporum) inoculation on the survival of A. esculentus under drought stress.
Study Design: This experiment was set up in a completely randomized design (CRD) with all treatments replicated thrice. This gave a total of 7 treatments, 21 replicates.
Place and Duration of Study: The experimental soil used for this study was collected from the Botanical Garden of the Department of Biological Sciences, Ritman University (Latitude 5º11’44ºN and Longitude 7º42’12ºE), Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. All analysis was carried out in Soil Science Laboratory and Botany Laboratory, Akwa Ibom State University, between January and march 2019.
Methodology: Soil samples were analyzed following the standard procedures outlined for wet acid digestions. Growth parameters were determined using standard methods. At Leaf chlorophyll meter was employed in the assessment of the photosynthetic pigments of the experimental plant. Biomass yield were calculated using standard formulas.
Results: The physicochemical analysis of the experimental soil used in this study revealed the physical and chemical properties of the soil; pH (6.12), EC (0.06dS/m), organic matter (2.90%), Av. P (44.62 mg/kg) and textural class of the soil was described as loamy sandy soil. Shoot length, petiole length, internode length, number of leaves and leaf area as well as the total photosynthetic pigments (TPP) contents of A. esculentus were significantly (P =.05) reduced (from 38.77±3.01 mg/kg to 29.83±1.89 mg/kg) by drought stress. There was also significantly (P = .05) reduction in N, P, K, Ca and Mg composition of A. esculentus as well as its biomass yield. However, the inoculation of A. esculentus roots with AMF (G. geosporum) in this study through several morphological and physiological processes exhibited remarkable improvement in growth morphology, total photosynthetic pigments, macronutrients composition as well as biomass yield.
Conclusion: The results of this work have shown that AMF can enhance the ability of A. esculentus to resist drought stress possibly through some morphological and physiological changes which improves water and nutrients uptake.
Sugarcane Leaf Scald Disease in Côte d'Ivoire: Pathogenicity and Biocontrol of Xanthomonas albilineans Isolates
Authors: Carine N’guessan Aya , Didier Kouamé Konan , Jean-martial Kassi Koffi Fernand , Gaston Kouamé Koffi , Richard Konan Dawa , Jacques-Edouard Yao Kouadio , Daouda Koné 
Published: October 2019

Aims: The present investigations describes bactericidal potential of essential oil for management of Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby. 1929) Dowson 1943, pathogen responsible for sugarcane Leaf scald disease in Côte d'Ivoire.
Study Design: the study was conducted at the Ferké 1 sugar mill and the Laboratory of Plant Physiology of Felix Houphouët BOIGNY University.
Methodology: Diseased leaves specimens showing signs of X. albilineans presence were collected from sugarcane industrial plantations in Côte d'Ivoire. Pathogenicity was confirmed by observing Koch’s postulates under semi-controlled conditions. Asymptomatic leaves, obtained after 60 days of culture, were inoculated at three points by infiltration with bacterial suspension calibrated at 108 bacteria/ml. Apparition of small tan-brown necrotic lesions on the leaf blade, parallel to the veins and prolonged to the ends by a discolored vascular bundle confirmed that disease is caused by Xanthomonas albilineans. Three essential oils of aromatic plants whose antibacterial properties are recognized were used at 100; 300; 500; 1000 and 2000 ppm in comparison with Callicuivre (56% copper oxychloride) used as reference product.
Results: The aqueous solutions based on these essential oils induced an inhibition zone of bacterial growth proportional to the dose applied and the incubation period. Thus, on day 5 of incubation, the essential oil solution of Ocimum gratissimum L. at 100 ppm induced an average inhibition zone diameter not significantly different from the one induced by the Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf solution at 300 ppm and the one of copper oxychloride at 1000 ppm. At 1000 ppm, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Ocimum gratissimum L essential oils induced equivalent inhibition rates (6 mm) that were higher than that of the control (3.5 mm).
Conclusion: sugarcane varieties cultivated at the Ferké 1 sugar mill complex, despite the selection for resistance are threatened by Leaf Scald Disease, which is significantly expressed on variety R585. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Ocimum gratissimum L oils have the strongest antibacterial activity and may be useful to control Leaf Scald Disease.
Sulfoxonium Ylides as Carbene Precursors: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Sequential C−H Functionalization, Selective Enol Oxygen‐Atom Nucleophilic Addition, and Hydrolysis
Authors: Huang Yuanqiong , Lyu Xueli , Song Hongjian , Wang Qingmin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHerein, we report a protocol for Rh(III)‐catalyzed annulation reactions between oxazolines and sulfoxonium ylides via a sequence involving C−H activation, selective enol oxygen‐atom nucleophilic addition, and hydrolysis. This practical, operationally simple protocol has a wide substrate range, excellent regioselectivity, and moderate to good yields.magnified image
Heterogeneous Nitrogen‐doped Graphene Catalysed HOO− Generation via a Non‐radical Mechanism for Base‐free Dakin Reaction
Authors: Sun Wei , Gao Lingfeng , Sun Xu , Yang Hua , Zheng Gengxiu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA heterogeneous nitrogen‐doped graphene catalytic pathway for H2O2 activation to generate alkaline hydrogen peroxide (HOO−) through a non‐radical mechanism was reported. Remarkably, the heterogeneous catalytic procedure has been used for the evergreen and environmentally Dakin reaction without using any transition metals, homogeneous bases, ligands, additives or promoters, completely. The study of catalyst structure and catalytic activities indicate that the most active sites are created by the graphitic N atoms at zig‐zag edges of the sheets. In addition, N as dopant element changes the reactivity of the neighbour C atoms, and leads to the formation of carbon‐hydroperoxide (C−(HOOH)) and C−O* (C−O−) transition state species on the graphene surface in catalytic the reaction.magnified image
Generalized short‐cut distillation column modeling for superstructure‐based process synthesis
Authors: Kong Lingxun , Maravelias Christos T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe introduce a generalized Underwood method to calculate the minimum vapor flowrate for distillation in superstructure‐based process synthesis. Our method addresses two important limitations of current methods, namely, separation tasks where (1) the flow rates of some components may be zero, and (2) the key components may be unknown prior to optimization. This is achieved through the introduction of binary variables and mixed‐integer constraints to implicitly determine the active roots and the root loci. In addition, we develop strategies tailored to improve the numerical stability and computational performance when using the proposed method.
Hormonal replacement therapy and its potential influence on working memory and competency/adaptive functioning in 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)
Authors: Tran Selena L. , Samango‐Sprouse Carole A. , Sadeghin Teresa , Powell Sherida , Gropman Andrea L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis cross‐sectional, retrospective analysis investigated the possible effect of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on working memory (WM) and competency/adaptive functioning (CAF) in boys with 47,XXY; the effect of timing of 47,XXY diagnosis on these variables; and the relationship between WM and CAF, if any. A total of 111 boys with 47,XXY, ranging from 6 to 16 years of age (M = 9 years 4 months; SD = 2 years 1 month), were evaluated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and Child Behavior Checklist. Participants were grouped by HRT status and timing of diagnosis. Analysis of variance testing performed on the prenatally diagnosed boys revealed a statistically significant difference in WM for the HRT groups (F[3,84] = 7.467, p = .000174), where WM of the no‐HRT group (M = 92.37, SD = 17.83) was lower than that of the early hormonal therapy group (M = 106.39, SD = 12.01; p = .0092). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between low WM capabilities and poor school performance (r = .5106, p = .0027) in the prenatally diagnosed, untreated boys. Our results highlight the potentially positive effects of HRT on WM and CAF in boys with 47,XXY. Further research is required to better determine the underlying relationship among the biological mechanisms of HRT, WM, and CAF outcomes, and timing of diagnosis in boys with 47,XXY.
Impact of Frying on Changes in Clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) Lipids and Frying Oils: Compositional Changes and Oxidative Deterioration
Authors: Liu Zhong‐Yuan , Zhou Da‐Yong , Rakariyatham Kanyasiri , Xie Hong‐Kai , Li De‐Yang , Zhu Bei‐Wei , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe current study shows the compositional changes and oxidation development of clam (Ruditapes philippinarum, R. philippinarum) lipids and frying oils when subjected to different processing conditions. Parameters measured include acid value, peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), total oxidation (TOTOX), lipid classes, fatty acid composition, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) contents together with major glycerophospholipid (GP) molecular species. Deep‐fat frying increased triacylglycerol (TAG) content and decreased the contents of PC, PE, and GP molecular species in clam in a time‐dependent manner. Meanwhile, minor amounts of free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, and polar lipids were detected in frying oils, indicating lipid migration between the clam and frying oils. The time‐dependent increase of POV, TBARS, and TOTOX in fried clams and frying oils with concurrent reduction of docosahexenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid indicates extensive oxidative degradation of clam lipids. Moreover, the moisture‐rich clam aggravated the deterioration of frying oils. Consequently, deep‐fat frying significantly altered the lipid profile and decreased the nutritional value of clams.
Dentate gyrus neurons that are born at the peak of development, but not before or after, die in adulthood
Authors: Ciric Tina , Cahill Shaina P. , Snyder Jason S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn the dentate gyrus of the rodent hippocampus, neurogenesis begins prenatally and continues to the end of life. Adult‐born neurons often die in the first few weeks after mitosis, but those that survive to 1 month persist indefinitely. In contrast, neurons born at the peak of development are initially stable but can die later in adulthood. Physiological and pathological changes in the hippocampus may therefore result from both the addition of new neurons and the loss of older neurons. The extent of neuronal loss remains unclear since no studies have examined whether neurons born at other stages of development also undergo delayed cell death.MethodsWe used BrdU to label dentate granule cells that were born in male rats on embryonic day 19 (E19; before the developmental peak), postnatal day 6 (P6; peak), and P21 (after the peak). We quantified BrdU+ neurons in separate groups of rats at 2 and 6 months post‐BrdU injection to estimate cell death in young adulthood.ResultsConsistent with previous work, there was a 15% loss of P6‐born neurons between 2 and 6 months of age. In contrast, E19‐ or P21‐born neurons were stable throughout young adulthood.DiscussionDelayed death of P6‐born neurons suggests these cells may play a unique role in hippocampal plasticity adulthood, for example, by contributing to the turnover of hippocampal memory. Their loss may also play a role in disorders that are characterized by hippocampal atrophy.
C−H and C−M Activation, Aromaticity Tuning, and Co⋅⋅⋅Ru Interactions Confined in the Azuliporphyrin Framework
Authors: Białek Michał J. , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Lechosław Latos‐Grażyński and co‐workers at University of Wrocław. The image depicts cobalt(II) azuliporphyrin as a magical organometallic platform to perform other types of chemistry, that is, dioxygen activation, aromaticity control, and construction of intermetallic communication motifs. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903215.
Selenosulfides Tethered to gem‐Dimethyl Esters: A Robust and Highly Versatile Framework for H2S Probe Development
Authors: Suarez S. Israel , Ambrose Rynne , Kalk Madison A. , Lukesh John C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSelenosulfides coupled to gem‐dimethyl esters provide an exceptional platform for H2S probe development. With the sulfur half being nonessential to its high reactivity and selectivity towards H2S, we highlight the unique flexibility of our design by improving its biocompatibility and tissue specificity through structural modifications of its sulfide moiety.
Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Small Molecular Hole Transport Material C8‐Dioctylbenzothienobenzothiophene
Authors: Lian Xiaomei , Chen Jiehuan , Zhang Yingzhu , Wu Gang , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: October 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe small organic molecular Dioctylbenzothienobenzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) has been explored as hole transport material (HTM) to replace PEDOT:PSS in inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). MAPbI3 perovskite films depositd onto C8‐BTBT are smooth and uniform, with negligible residual of PbI2 and large grain size even larger than 1 μm. Our champion C8‐BTBT based devices reached a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.46% with marginal hysteresis, much higher than that of 11.50% achieved using PEDOT:PSS. Besides, devices adopting C8‐BTBT as substrate show superior stability compared with the PEDOT:PSS based devices when stored under ambient conditions with a relative humidity of (25±5)%.
Periodic DFT Study of the Effects of Co‐Crystallization on a N‐Salicylideneaniline Molecular Switch
Authors: Quertinmont Jean , Leyssens Tom , Wouters Johan , Champagne Benoît 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Benoît Champagne from the University of Namur. The image shows that in the solid state, a careful choice of the coformer can tune the relative stability of the keto‐enol equilibrium. This was assessed using periodic DFT calculations. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.201900463.
Evolutionary constraint on low elevation range expansion: Defense‐abiotic stress‐tolerance trade‐off in crosses of the ecological model Boechera stricta
Authors: Olsen Jason , Singh Gill Gunbharpur , Haugen Riston , Matzner Steven L. , Alsdurf Jake , Siemens David H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMost transplant experiments across species geographic range boundaries indicate that adaptation to stressful environments outside the range is often constrained. However, the mechanisms of these constraints remain poorly understood. We used extended generation crosses from diverged high and low elevation populations. In experiments across low elevation range boundaries, there was selection on the parental lines for abiotic stress‐tolerance and resistance to herbivores. However, in support of a defense‐tolerance trade‐off, extended generation crosses showed nonindependent segregation of these traits in the laboratory across a drought‐stress gradient and in the field across the low elevation range boundary. Genotypic variation in a marker from a region of the genome containing a candidate gene (MYC2) was associated with change in the genetic trade‐off. Thus, using crosses and forward genetics, we found experimental genetic and molecular evidence for a pleiotropic trade‐off that could constrain the evolution of range expansion.
Microbial functional diversity: From concepts to applications
Authors: Escalas Arthur , Hale Lauren , Voordeckers James W. , Yang Yunfeng , Firestone Mary K. , Alvarez‐Cohen Lisa , Zhou Jizhong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFunctional diversity is increasingly recognized by microbial ecologists as the essential link between biodiversity patterns and ecosystem functioning, determining the trophic relationships and interactions between microorganisms, their participation in biogeochemical cycles, and their responses to environmental changes. Consequently, its definition and quantification have practical and theoretical implications. In this opinion paper, we present a synthesis on the concept of microbial functional diversity from its definition to its application. Initially, we revisit to the original definition of functional diversity, highlighting two fundamental aspects, the ecological unit under study and the functional traits used to characterize it. Then, we discuss how the particularities of the microbial world disallow the direct application of the concepts and tools developed for macroorganisms. Next, we provide a synthesis of the literature on the types of ecological units and functional traits available in microbial functional ecology. We also provide a list of more than 400 traits covering a wide array of environmentally relevant functions. Lastly, we provide examples of the use of functional diversity in microbial systems based on the different units and traits discussed herein. It is our hope that this paper will stimulate discussions and help the growing field of microbial functional ecology to realize a potential that thus far has only been attained in macrobial ecology.
Differential plague susceptibility in species and populations of prairie dogs
Authors: Russell Robin E. , Tripp Daniel W. , Rocke Tonie E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLaboratory trials conducted over the past decade at U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center indicate that wild populations of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) display different degrees of susceptibility to experimental challenge with fully virulent Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. We evaluated patterns in prairie dog susceptibility to plague to determine whether the historical occurrence of plague at location of capture was related to survival times of prairie dogs challenged with Y. pestis. We found that black‐tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) from South Dakota (captured prior to the detection of plague in the state), Gunnison's prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) from Colorado, and Utah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) from Utah were most susceptible to plague. Though the susceptibility of black‐tailed prairie dogs in South Dakota compared with western locations supports our hypothesis regarding historical exposure, both Colorado and Utah prairie dogs have a long history of exposure to plague. It is possible that for these populations, genetic isolation/bottle necks have made them more susceptible to plague outbreaks.
Electrochemical Properties of Multilayered Coatings Implementing Thiacalix[4]arenes with Oligolactic Fragments and DNA
Authors: Kuzin Yu. I. , Gorbatchuk V. V. , Rogov A. M. , Stoikov I. I. , Evtugyn G. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLayer‐by‐layer assembling of polyelectrolyte complexes on glassy carbon electrode utilizing derivatives of p‐tert‐butylthiacalix[4]arene modified with oligolactic acid in cone, partial cone and 1,3‐alternate configurations has been performed and characterized by atomic force microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Structure, surface morphology and permeability of the coatings depended on the number and nature of individual layers. Configuration of macrocyclic core influenced the charge distribution and flexibility of polyelectrolytes and the electrochemical properties of the coatings. Partial substitution of oligolactic derivatives with the DNA molecules allowed distinguishing native, thermally and oxidatively damaged DNA by ferricyanide ion signals. The relationships between the coating structure and the content can be further used for development of electrochemical sensors devoted to the detection of specific DNA interactions.
1850 to 2019 – Experience with retaining structures at the ÖBB Infrastruktur AG
Authors: Stern Jürgen , Schuch Markus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe many years of experience with retaining structures at the ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG show that, independent of their structural loading, stone or mass concrete gravity walls, which have been in use since the railways were built, have the least expense for maintenance. Even structures built up to 160 years ago require little maintenance work, e.g. removal of plant growth. With anchored retaining structures of concrete, on the other hand, the maintenance work is considerably greater. This starts with regular inspection and extends to extensive repairs to the anchor heads.With regard to the most economical construction of retaining structures, lifecycle costs are a significant parameter for the selection of a suitable type of structure, as with other railway works. Not only the construction costs, but also above all the maintenance costs are significant with a technical service life of 80 to 100 years. This basic idea of sustainable and safe railway operation is applied constantly in the regulations of the ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG.