bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MEMO project: Combining all microlensing surveys to search for intermediate-mass Galactic black holes
Authors: Mirhosseini A. , Moniez M. 
Published: September 2018

Aims. The microlensing surveys MACHO, EROS, MOA and OGLE (hereafter called MEMO) have searched for microlensing toward the Large Magellanic Cloud for a cumulated duration of 27 years. We study the potential of joining these databases to search for very massive objects, that produce microlensing events with a duration of several years.
Methods. We identified the overlaps between the different catalogs and compiled their time coverage to identify common regions where a joint microlensing detection algorithm can operate. We extrapolated a conservative global microlensing detection efficiency based on simple hypotheses, and estimated detection rates for multi-year duration events.
Results. Compared with the individual survey searches, we show that a combined search for long timescale microlensing should detect about ten more events caused by 100 M⊙ black holes if these objects have a major contribution to the Milky Way halo.
Conclusions. Assuming that a common analysis is feasible, meaning that the difficulties that arise from using different passbands can be overcome, we show that the sensitivity of such an analysis might enable us to quantify the Galactic black hole component.
Digitization and astrometric calibration of Carte du Ciel photographic plates with Gaia DR1
Authors: Lehtinen K. , Prusti T. , de Bruijne J. , Lammers U. , Manara C. F. , Ness J.-U. , Siddiqui H. , Markkanen T. , Poutanen M. , Muinonen K. 
Published: September 2018

Context. Carte du Ciel was a global international project at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century to map the sky to about magnitude 14 on photographic plates. The full project was never observationally completed and a large fraction of the observations made remain unanalyzed.
Aims. We want to study whether the astrometric and photometric accuracies obtained for the Carte du Ciel plates digitized with a commercial digital camera are high enough for scientific exploitation of the plates.
Methods. We use a digital camera Canon EOS 5Ds, with a 100 mm macrolens for digitizing. We analyze six single-exposure plates and four triple-exposure plates from the Helsinki zone of Carte du Ciel (+39∘ ≤ δ ≤ +47∘). Each plate is digitized using four images, with a significant central area being covered twice for quality control purposes. The astrometric calibration of the digitized images is done with the data from the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (Gaia TGAS) of the first Gaia data release (Gaia DR1), Tycho-2, Hot Stuff for One Year (HSOY), USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC5), and PMA catalogs.
Results. The best astrometric accuracy is obtained with the UCAC5 reference stars. The astrometric accuracy for single-exposure plates is σ(α cos(δ)) = 0.16″ and σ(δ)=0.15″, expressed as a Gaussian deviation of the astrometric residuals. For triple-exposure plates the astrometric accuracy is σ(α cos(δ)) = 0.12″ and σ(δ)=0.13″. The 1 − σ uncertainty of photometric calibration is about 0.28 mag and 0.24 mag for single- and triple-exposure plates, respectively. We detect the photographic adjacency (Kostinsky) effect in the triple-exposure plates.
Conclusions. We show that accuracies at least of the level of scanning machines can be achieved with a digital camera, without any corrections for possible distortions caused by our instrumental setup. This method can be used to rapidly and inexpensively digitize and calibrate old photographic plates enabling their scientific exploitation.
Impact of galactic shear and stellar feedback on star formation
Authors: Colling Cédric , Hennebelle Patrick , Geen Sam , Iffrig Olivier , Bournaud Frédéric 
Published: September 2018

Context. Feedback processes and the galactic shear regulate star formation.
Aims. We investigate the effects of differential galactic rotation and stellar feedback on the interstellar medium (ISM) and on the star formation rate (SFR).
Methods. A numerical shearing box is used to perform three-dimensional simulations of a 1 kpc stratified cubic box of turbulent and self-gravitating interstellar medium (in a rotating frame) with supernovae and H II feedback. We vary the value of the velocity gradient induced by the shear and the initial value of the galactic magnetic field. Finally, the different star formation rates and the properties of the structures associated with this set of simulations are computed.
Results. We first confirm that the feedback has a strong limiting effect on star formation. The galactic shear has also a great influence: the higher the shear, the lower the SFR. Taking the value of the velocity gradient in the solar neighbourhood, the SFR is too high compared to the observed Kennicutt law, by a factor approximately three to six. This discrepancy can be solved by arguing that the relevant value of the shear is not the one in the solar neighbourhood, and that in reality the star formation efficiency within clusters is not 100%. Taking into account the fact that star-forming clouds generally lie in spiral arms where the shear can be substantially higher (as probed by galaxy-scale simulations), the SFR is now close to the observed one. Different numerical recipes have been tested for the sink particles, giving a numerical incertitude of a factor of about two on the SFR. Finally, we have also estimated the velocity dispersions in our dense clouds and found that they lie below the observed Larson law by a factor of about two.
Conclusions. In our simulations, magnetic field, shear, H II regions, and supernovae all contribute significantly to reduce the SFR. In this numerical setup with feedback from supernovae and H II regions and a relevant value of galactic shear, the SFRs are compatible with those observed, with a numerical incertitude factor of about two.
Nanotechnological Approach to Increase the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Efficacy of Crocin and Crocetin
Authors: Puglia Carmelo , Santonocito Debora , Musumeci Teresa , Cardile Venera , Graziano Adriana , Salerno Loredana , Raciti Giuseppina , Crascì Lucia , Panico Anna , Puglisi Giovanni 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCrocin and crocetin are two interesting constituents of saffron (Crocus sativus) that possess important biological activities. Their use as therapeutic agents is strongly compromised by a scarce stability, poor absorption, and low bioavailability. Therefore, to improve these unfavorable features, the aim of the present work has been to apply a nanotechnological approach based on the formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles containing crocin and crocetin. Solid lipid nanoparticles were formulated according to crocin and crocetin chemical properties, using a variation of the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method to formulate crocin-solid lipid nanoparticles, while crocetin-solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared following the solvent diffusion method. Morphology and dimensional distribution of solid lipid nanoparticles have been characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and photon correlation spectroscopy, respectively, while the effect of drug incorporation versus time has been studied by Turbiscan technology. In order to verify the role of the nanotechnological approach on the biological activities of crocin and crocetin, the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of these carotenoids once incorporated in lipid nanoparticles have been evaluated. For this aim, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay and the MTT test were used, respectively.The results pointed out the formulation of nanometric dispersions endowed with high homogeneity and stability, with an encapsulation efficiency ranging from 80 (crocetin-solid lipid nanoparticles) to 94% (crocin-crocetin). The oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay evidenced an interesting and prolonged antioxidant activity of crocin and crocetin once encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles, while the nanoencapsulation strategy showed a different mechanism in ameliorating the cytotoxic effect of these two substances.
Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft is a Safe and Effective Alternative for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Shi Fu-Dong , Hess Daniel Edward , Zuo Jin-Zeng , Liu Shi-Jie , Wang Xue-Chen , Zhang Yong , Meng Xiao-Guang , Cui Ze-Jun , Zhao Shao-Ping , Li Chang-Jiang , Hu Wan-Ning 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe ipsilateral peroneus longus tendon (PLT) was utilized as an autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction of patients with acute ACL rupture and grade III medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury. We investigated the efficacy and safety of this alternative autograft compared with autologous hamstring tendon (HT). Biomechanical testing of the graft options was performed and compared with the native ACL. Thirty-eight patients with acute ACL ruptures and grade III MCL injuries were treated with ACL reconstruction with a doubled autologous PLT or quadrupled autologous HT. Knee stability and function was evaluated clinically with the Lachman test and KT-2000 arthometer as well as subjectively with functional scores. Effects on the donor ankle were evaluated by biomechanical testing. The ultimate tensile strengths of doubled PLT and quadrupled HT were significantly higher than that of the native ACL and the ultimate tensile strength of doubled PLT was comparable with that of quadrupled HT. There were no significant differences in clinical or functional scores between the two groups. There were no significant differences in pre- and postoperative biomechanical testing of the donor ankle. PLT is a suitable alternative autograft for an ACL reconstruction in patients with a concomitant grade III MCL injury without a significant biomechanical disadvantage to the ankle donor site.
Erhöhte Stressvulnerabilität bei Großstadtbewohnern
Authors: Lederbogen F. , Meyer-Lindenberg A. 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Psychische Erkrankungen, insbesondere Schizophrenie, Depression und Angsterkrankungen, treten bei Bewohnern großer Städte häufiger auf als bei Menschen, die in kleinen Städten, Dörfern oder ländlicher Umgebung leben. Es gibt gute Argumente für die Annahme, dass der Faktor „urbane Umgebung“ im Zusammenwirken mit der genetischen Disposition eine kausale Rolle bei der Risikoerhöhung spielt. Als risikoerhöhendes wirksames Agens der urbanen Umgebung favorisieren viele Experten soziale Stressoren wie soziale Isolation oder fehlende soziale Unterstützung. Diese Annahme wird durch aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse der Neurowissenschaft gestützt, die eine höhere Aktivierung bestimmter Hirnareale unter sozial-evaluativem Stress bei Menschen urbaner Herkunft nachweisen. Diese Befunde sprechen für eine höhere Stressvulnerabilität von Großstadtbewohnern. Ergebnis: Die betroffenen Hirnstrukturen spielen eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Stressverarbeitung, sind aber auch bei der Genese der oben genannten Erkrankungen beteiligt. Der Aufenthalt in der Natur hat nach neuesten Daten eine ausgleichende Wirkung auf diese Hirnstrukturen. Diese Befunde unterstreichen die Bedeutung psychosozialer Stressoren im urbanen Raum, aber auch die einer fehlenden natürlichen Umgebung.
Language switching decomposed through MEG and evidence from bimodal bilinguals
Authors: Blanco-Elorrieta Esti , Emmorey Karen , Pylkkänen Liina 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Bilingual individuals have the ability to switch between two languages, which requires engaging cognitive control processes to simultaneously “turn off” (disengage) one language and “turn on” (engage) their other language. The unique ability of American Sign Language (ASL)–English bilinguals to simultaneously produce a word and a sign (a code-blend) allows us to unpack these two processes (e.g., switching into a code-blend involves only turning on a language). Magnetoencephalography (MEG) evidence indicates that activating a new language does not recruit brain regions involved in cognitive control, but having to disengage from the previous language does. Additionally, this study reveals that, without motor constraints, simultaneously retrieving two words in different languages is less cognitively effortful than having to inhibit the production of the dominant language.
Linalool odor stimulation improves heat stress tolerance and decreases fat accumulation in nematodes
Authors: Hirano Naoko , Sakamoto Kazuichi 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Aromatherapy uses plant essential oils and fragrant ingredients for relaxation, sleep assistance, and improvement of restlessness related to dementia. Certain aromatic substances increase the life span and stress tolerance of nematodes. We investigated effects of exposure to linalool, a linear chain monoterpenic alcohol that is present in the essential oils of many plants, and its optical isomer, l-linalool, in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nematodes were repelled by the odor of both linalool and l-linalool; however, linalool odor stimulation decreased fat accumulation and increased motility after thermal stress. Analysis of a gene-deficient mutant revealed that the DAF-16 insulin-signaling pathway, which is involved in heat stress tolerance, was enhanced by linalool treatment. Linalool stimulation increased the expression of downstream genes such as sod-3 and hsp-12.6 via DAF-16. We conclude that linalool odor induces a repelling behavior in nematodes, improves heat stress tolerance through the DAF-16 signaling pathway, and affects fat accumulation.
N-Acylhomoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing regulates biofilm structure in Methylobacterium populi P-1M, an isolate from a pink-pigmented household biofilm
Authors: Morohoshi Tomohiro , Xie Xiaonan , Ikeda Tsukasa 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Numerous gram-negative bacteria have quorum-sensing systems and produce AHL as a quorum-sensing signal molecule. In this study, we demonstrated that Methylobacterium populi P-1M, an isolate from a pink-pigmented household biofilm, produced two AHLs, C14:1-HSL as a predominant product and 3OHC14-HSL as a minor product. The complete genome sequence of M. populi P-1M revealed the presence of genes that are predicted to encode an AHL synthase (mpoI) and AHL receptor (mpoR). M. populi P-1M formed a pellicle-like biofilm, which had a flat surface and was easily removable. In contrast, biofilms formed by mpoI and/or mpoR deletion mutants had a wavy surface structure and strongly adhered to the glass tube. When C14:1-HSL was added to the mpoI mutant culture, the biofilm structure resembled that of the wild-type strain. These results demonstrated that the structure and adhesion strength of M. populi P-1M biofilms are determined in part by AHL-mediated quorum sensing.
Abbreviations: AHL: N-acyl-l-homoserine lactone; C14:1-HSL: N-tetradecenoyl-l-homoserine lactone; 3OHC14-HSL: N-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine; ACP: acyl-acyl carrier protein; EPS: extracellular polysaccharide; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide
Model selection and parameter estimation for dynamic epidemic models via iterated filtering: application to rotavirus in Germany
Authors: Stocks Theresa , Britton Tom , Höhle Michael 
Published: September 2018

SummaryDespite the wide application of dynamic models in infectious disease epidemiology, the particular modeling of variability in the different model components is often subjective rather than the result of a thorough model selection process. This is in part because inference for a stochastic transmission model can be difficult since the likelihood is often intractable due to partial observability. In this work, we address the question of adequate inclusion of variability by demonstrating a systematic approach for model selection and parameter inference for dynamic epidemic models. For this, we perform inference for six partially observed Markov process models, which assume the same underlying transmission dynamics, but differ with respect to the amount of variability they allow for. The inference framework for the stochastic transmission models is provided by iterated filtering methods, which are readily implemented in the R package pomp by King and others (2016, Statistical inference for partially observed Markov processes via the R package pomp. Journal of Statistical Software69, 1–43). We illustrate our approach on German rotavirus surveillance data from 2001 to 2008, discuss practical difficulties of the methods used and calculate a model based estimate for the basic reproduction number $R_0$ using these data.
Nuclear localization and phosphorylation modulate pathological effects of alpha-synuclein
Authors: Pinho Raquel , Paiva Isabel , Jerčić Kristina Gotovac , Fonseca-Ornelas Luis , Gerhardt Ellen , Fahlbusch Christiane , Garcia-Esparcia Paula , Kerimoglu Cemil , Pavlou Maria A S , Villar-Piqué Anna , Szegő Éva , Lopes da Fonseca Tomás , Odoardi Francesca , Soeroes Szabolcs , Rego Ana Cristina , Fischle Wolfgang , Schwamborn Jens C , Meyer Thomas , Kügler Sebastian , Ferrer Isidre , Attems Johannes , Fischer André , Becker Stefan , Zweckstetter Markus , Borovecki Fran , Outeiro Tiago F 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a central player in Parkinson’s disease (PD) but the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity remain unclear. It has recently been suggested that nuclear aSyn may modulate gene expression, possibly via interactions with DNA. However, the biological behavior of aSyn in the nucleus and the factors affecting its transcriptional role are not known. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying aSyn-mediated transcription deregulation by assessing its effects in the nucleus and the impact of phosphorylation in these dynamics. We found that aSyn induced severe transcriptional deregulation, including the downregulation of important cell cycle-related genes. Importantly, transcriptional deregulation was concomitant with reduced binding of aSyn to DNA. By forcing the nuclear presence of aSyn in the nucleus (aSyn-NLS), we found the accumulation of high molecular weight aSyn species altered gene expression and reduced toxicity when compared with the wild-type or exclusively cytosolic protein. Interestingly, nuclear localization of aSyn, and the effect on gene expression and cytotoxicity, was also modulated by phosphorylation on serine 129. Thus, we hypothesize that the role of aSyn on gene expression and, ultimately, toxicity, may be modulated by the phosphorylation status and nuclear presence of different aSyn species. Our findings shed new light onto the subcellular dynamics of aSyn and unveil an intricate interplay between subcellular location, phosphorylation and toxicity, opening novel avenues for the design of future strategies for therapeutic intervention in PD and other synucleinopathies.
A brief history of lumpfishing, assessment, and management across the North Atlantic
Authors: Kennedy James , Durif Caroline M F , Florin Ann-Britt , Fréchet Alain , Gauthier Johanne , Hüssy Karin , Jónsson Sigurður Þór , Ólafsson Halldór Gunnar , Post Søren , Hedeholm Rasmus B 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This report documents the fishery, assessment, and management of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) across its distribution range. Targeting lumpfish for their roe on a large scale began in the 1950s in Iceland and Norway and then in Canada in the 1970s and Greenland in the 1990s. When the fishery began, there were few regulations, but limits on vessel size, mesh size, number of nets, and length of the fishing season were gradually implemented over time. Worldwide landings have varied from ca. 2000 to 8000 tonnes of roe between 1977 and 2016. Iceland and Canada accounted for &gt;80% of the landings until 2000. After 2013, Greenland and Iceland accounted for &gt;94%. All countries except Iceland show a decreasing trend in the number of boats participating in the fishery, which is related to several factors: the monetary value of the roe, changes in the abundance of lumpfish, and increasing age of artisanal fishers. Each country has a different combination of data available for assessment from basic landings and fishing effort data to more detailed fishery independent survey indices of abundance. The management of total catch also differs, with an effort-controlled fishery in Iceland and Canada, a total allowable catch (TAC) per boat in Norway, and TAC per area in Greenland. Population abundance is above management targets in Iceland and Norway, but the status is less clear in Greenland and around Denmark/Sweden and appears to be depleted around Canada. Certification by the Marine Stewardship Council was instrumental in the adoption of a management plan in Greenland; however, benefits to the fishers remain unclear. Aspects surrounding the biology of lumpfish, which is poorly understood and requires investigation, include growth rate, natural mortality, and population differentiation. In addition, there is concern about the potential impacts that the recent escalation in production of lumpfish for use as cleaner fish in the aquaculture industry could have on the wild population.
Failed cooperation in times of natural disasters: explaining the rejection of humanitarian aid
Authors: Dany Charlotte 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article asks why economically strong democracies reject humanitarian aid after severe natural disasters, focusing on the Kobe earthquake in Japan (1995), India’s response to the Indian Ocean tsunami (2004), and Hurricane Katrina in the United States (2005). It explains these rejections of humanitarian aid by analyzing the decision-makers’ ‘self-perceptions’ through the factors of manageability, national role perceptions, and domestic political impact, as well as ’other-perceptions’ through their relations to donors and the nature of the aid offers. It finds that even in those disaster-prepared and economically strong democracies, state leaders rejected humanitarian aid not simply because they had sufficient disaster management capabilities. Rather, bureaucratic hurdles and administrative failure impeded aid acceptance. Moreover, conceptions of those countries’ roles as established or emerging donors, as well as domestic political factors influenced their decisions. Ultimately, the dominant explanations focusing on wealth and capabilities are thus too shortsighted. Not only giving but also rejecting humanitarian aid follows political considerations.