bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive leukapheresis as initial therapy for chronic granulocytic leukemia
Authors: Lowenthal RM , Buskard NA , Goldman JM , Spiers AS , Bergier N , Graubner M , Galton DA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Intensive leukapheresis has been used as the initial treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) in six patients. The number of leukaphereses ranged from 3 in 7 days to 13 in 39 days (mean, 8 in 22 days). The procedures were well tolerated, and in all patients there was improvement in hematologic values, in most cases with considerable reduction in the peripheral leukocytosis and thrombocytosis and in the proportion of immature granulocytic cells in the circulation. Splenomegaly decreased considerably in the four patients who had more than four leukaphereses. Symptoms of sweating, malaise, and pain due to splenomegaly were rapidly relieved. Problems due to hyperuricemia did not occur, but four patients required blood transfusions for correction of anemia. This method of initial treatment of CGL appears to give more rapid relief of symptoms than does conventional chemotherapy; it incurs no risk of hyperuricemia and lessens that associated with thrombocytosis. In addition, large quantities of granulocyte-rich plasma are made available for the treatment of infections in neutropenic patients. Intensive leukapheresis deserves more widespread evaluation as the initial treatment of CGL.
Hemin reversal of benzene-induced inhibition of reticulocyte protein synthesis
Authors: Forte FJ , Cohen HS , Rosman J , Freedman ML 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Benzene (0.056–0.113 M) rapidly and reversibly inhibited protein synthesis in anucleate human sickle cell and rabbit reticulocytes. Hemin (50 muM) both prevented and reversed this effect of benzene. The inhibition in rabbit reticulocytes was accompanied by a conversion of polyribosomal disaggregation required ribosomal movement along mRNA and was also prevented and reversed by 50 muM hemin. Benzene was also shown to inhibit heme synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes while neither ATP nor GSH levels were altered. A translational repressor (HCR) of reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesis was isolated from intact cells incubated with benzene, while no significant amount of HCR was found in cells incubated with both benzene and hemin. These results indicated that benzene inhibits translation at the heme-dependent site of initiation. The clinical implications of these experiments remain to be elucidated.
Hb Leslie, an unstable hemoglobin due to deletion of glutaminyl residue beta 131 (H9) occurring in association with beta0-thalassemia, HbC, and HbS
Authors: Lutcher CL , Wilson JB , Gravely ME , Stevens PD , Chen CJ , Lindeman JG , Wong SC , Miller A , Gottleib M , Huisman TH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new unstable hemoglobin, Hb Leslie, has been observed in three generations of a Georgia family. The propositus, a 42-yr-old black veteran with hemolytic anemia and splenomegaly, has a hemoglobin variant with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of hemoglobin F. The variant comprises about 85% of the total hemoglobin and was isolated by chromatography. Chemical analysis has identified the abnormality as a deletion of the glutaminyl residue in position 131 (H9) of the beta-chain. Deletion of this critical residue which participates in the alpha1beta1 contact causes decreased stability of the hemoglobin without significant changes in functional properties or morphologic abnormalities in the erythrocyte. Family studies revealed hemoglobin Leslie occurring in combination with beta0-thalassemia, HbS, and HbC. All persons with the various Hb Leslie combinations, including the propositus, have no clinical manifestations other than anemia. In some the anemia is fully compensated. There is no history of drug- associated hemolysis.
Evidence for significant hematopoiesis in the human thymus
Authors: Taylor CR , Skinner JM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Earlier studies on fetal thymus suggested that certain of the large pyroninophilic cells found there might have a hemopoietic role, and it was decided to determine the nature of these cells using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Thymic tissue from aborted fetuses, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths was examined histochemically using methods for the detection of chloroacetate esterase, peroxidase, and pseudoperoxidase, and by staining techniques for mast cells and eosinophils. Tissue was also examined using the indirect immunoperoxidase method for the presence of hemoglobin A (HbA) and F (HbF), for lysozyme (muramidase) and immunoglobins alpha, mu, gamma, kappa, lambda. Positive staining to some degree was seen in cells in the connective tissue stroma using all methods, and the cells stained corresponded to one or another of the types of pyroninophilic cells present. The finding of large cells with positive chloroacetate esterase and antilysozyme indicates the presence of granulopoiesis. Similarly, the presence of large nucleated cells with pseudoperoxidase and anti-hemoglobin (A and F) staining indicates the presence of erythropoiesis. Plasma cells were present in small numbers.
Effect of erythropoietin on chromosomal protein synthesis
Authors: Spivak JL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The spleen of the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse was employed to study the effect of erythropoietin on the synthesis of chromosomal proteins. At 1, 3, 18, 36, 45, and 72 hr after injection of erythropoietin, spleens were removed, minced, and incubated with 3H-arginine for 1 hr. Chromatin was isolated from the labeled splenic tissue and separated into histone and nonhistone protein (NHP) fractions. An increase in the incorporation of 3H-arginine into NHP occurred within 3 hr and into histones by 18 hr. Incorporation of 3H-arginine into both histones and NHP was maximal by 45 hr and had declined by 72 hr. Total histone specific activity increased fivefold while NHP specific activity increased twofold. Histones and NHP were fractionated on polyacrylamide gels and a double isotope labeling proceudre was used to study the synthesis of the individual histone proteins and NHP. Following administration of erythropoietin, there was a coordinate increase in the specific activity of all five major histone proteins and most of the NHP. The earliest change in specific activity of both histones and NHP occurred prior to the appearance of morphologically identifiable erythroblasts in the spleen.
Allogeneic marrow grafting for treatment of aplastic anemia: a follow- up on long-term survivors
Authors: Storb R , Thomas ED , Buckner CD , Clift RA , Fefer A , Fernando LP , Giblett ER , Johnson FL , Neiman PE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eleven of twenty-four patients with severe aplastic anemia given marrow grafts from HLA-identical siblings between October 1970 and March 1973 are alive with normal marrow function and continued evidence of engraftment 3–5 yr later. Ten have been leading normal lives with no immunosuppressive or other drug therapy since day 100 postgrafting. One has had chronic graft-versus-host disease of the skin which is now slowly improving with no therapy. He returned to full-time employment in the summer of 1975. The long-term well-being of almost half of our initial patients emphasizes the importance of marrow transplantation for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia.
Lymphosarcoma cell leukemia: the contribution of cell surface study to diagnosis
Authors: Aisenberg AC , Wilkes B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cell surface immunoglobulin, complement receptor, and spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes were investigated in 43 patients with malignant lymphoma, including 13 with lymphosarcoma cell leukemia, and in 59 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The quantity of immunoglobulin on the lymphocyte surface was estimated from the intensity of fluorescent staining with fluorescein-conjugated anti- immunoglobulin antisera. At least two, and probably three, B cell species could be recognized by cell surface study. Cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia and diffuse well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma had sparse amounts of surface immunoglobulin, while the cells of diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma had large quantities of this material. Nodular lymphoma probably represented a third B-cell subtype with intermediate amounts of surface immunoglobulin. The lymphocytes of chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia exhibited the intense surface staining, which was characteristic of the underlying poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (diffuse or nodular), and could be readily distinguished from the faint-staining chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.
Hydrogen peroxide production and killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Authors: Tsan MF , Douglass KH , McIntyre PA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of bacterial neuraminidase on production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were studied. The concentration of H2O2 was measured by the disappearance of scopoletin fluorescence in the presence of horseradish peroxidase. The results indicated that desialylation of human PMN inhibited the stimulation of H2O2 production during phagocytosis. It also markedly impaired the killing of S. aureus. Impaired killing of S. aureus by desialylated PMN was due to impaired intracellular killing rather than defective phagocytosis.
THE HEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME OF ACUTE IONIZING RADIATION ILLNESS PRODUCED IN GOATS AND SWINE BY EXPOSURE TO THE ATOMIC BOMB AT BIKINI, 1946
Authors: CRONKITE E. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The hemorrhagic syndrome of acute radiation illness in goats and swine has been described. This syndrome is predominantly a result of a combination of "increased vascular fragility" and thrombopenia. Infrequently, a blood coagulalation defect characterized by a prolonged clotting time due to a circulating anticoagulant with heparin-like properties appears, thus confirming under some conditions in goats and swine the work of Allen on "heparinemia" in irradiated dogs.
2. The prolonged blood coagulation time appeared only in fatally irradiated goats and swine.
3. Evidence was presented suggesting that serum fibrinolysins may have been activated.
4. It is concluded on the basis of this work and that of others that a hemorrhagic syndrome can develop in irradiated dogs, goats, swine, rats, chickens and guinea pigs without the appearance of a prolonged clotting time and without a detectible "heparinemia." The biologically most universal phenomena observed in the hemorrhagic syndrome of radiation illness appear to be: (a) increased vascular fragility, (b) thrombopenia, and (c) ulcerations.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE HEMATOLOGIC VALUES OF THE JAPANESE
Authors: SNELL FRED M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hematologic studies have been made on 935 randomly selected "control" (nonirradiated) Japanese residing in Kure, Japan, as part of an investigation on the irradiated survivors of the Hiroshima atomic bomb. An analysis of the findings with respect to age and sex indicated that there were a number of divergences from the usual Caucasian expectancies. Associated with a slight anemia in those over puberty there is a progressive increase in the mean size and hemoglobin content of the erythrocyte with increasing age, more pronounced in the male. The hemoglobin concentration in the cells is apparently reduced. The leukocyte counts decrease with increasing age and all mean values are somewhat elevated. Plasma protein levels as determined by the copper sulfate specific gravity method are higher than Caucasian normals. Reticulocyte counts are not unusual.
It has been emphasized that this "control" series does not consist entirely of normal healthy individuals, but that a considerable amount of disease is represented especially in regard to parasitic infestation. Also there is an appreciable nutritional imbalance present in the population. These two factors are probably of greatest significance in the interpretation of the observed divergences from Caucasian expectancies, but in view of the complexity of influences and inadequate data relative to each individual studied interpretations must be guarded.
THE OCCURRENCE IN A FAMILY OF SICILIAN ANCESTRY OF THE TRAITS FOR BOTH SICKLING AND THALASSEMIA
Authors: POWELL W. N. , RODARTE J. G. , NEEL J. V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A 38 year old male of Sicilian ancestry with a chronic, hemolytic anemia clinically indistinguishable from sickle cell disease is described. Family studies extending over three generations and including all persons indicate that this individual has received from his father a gene for the sickling phenomenon, and from his mother a gene for thalassemia.
2. Three alternative hypotheses are advanced to account for the severity of the anemia present in the patient. The bases whereby a decision can be reached as to which of the three hypotheses is correct are discussed. It is indicated that no decision is possible until the results of studying a number of families comparable to the present are available.
3. It is suggested that many of the reported cases of sickle cell disease in Caucasians actually involve a genetic situation comparable to the one reported in the present paper.
THE SEDIMENTATION DIFFERENTIAL AGGLUTINATION TEST
Authors: STATS DANIEL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The sedimentation differential agglutination technic is a modification of the Ashby method by means of which the concentration of immunologically distinct erythrocytes in a mixture can be determined by observing their volume after agglutination and subsequent sedimentation. The method has been applied to the determination of the efficiency of replacement transfusions, the survival of red cells after blood transfusion, and has afforded a method for the determination of production of erythrocytes under certain conditions. The results indicate an almost complete inhibition of erythropoiesis and the frequent presence of excessively rapid hemolysis in "blast" leukemias. In a number of instances in which simultaneous measurements by the sedimentation differential agglutination and radioactive phosphorus technics were made, good correspondence between the two methods was observed.
IRON METABOLISM
Authors: FINCH CLEMENT A. , HEGSTED MARK , KINNEY THOMAS D. , THOMAS E. D. , RATH CHARLES E. , HASKINS DONALD , FINCH STUART , FLUHARTY REX G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
On the basis of experimental and clinical observations and a review of the literature, a concept of the behavior of storage iron in relation to body iron metabolism has been formulated.
Storage iron is defined as tissue iron which is available for hemoglobin synthesis when the need arises. This iron is stored intracellularly in protein complex as ferritin and hemosiderin. It would appear that wherever the cell is functionally intact, such iron is available for general body needs.
Iron is transported by a globulin of the serum to and from the various tissues of the body to satisfy their metabolism. Surplus iron carried by this iron-binding protein is deposited chiefly in the liver.
Storage iron may be increased in two ways. The first mechanism results from the inability of the body to excrete significant amounts of iron. Because of this, any decrease in circulating red cell iron (any anemia other than blood loss or iron deficiency anemia) is accompanied by a shift of iron to the tissue compartment. The total amount of body iron remains constant and is merely redistributed.
This is to be contrasted with the absolute increase in body iron and enlarged iron stores which follow excessive iron absorption or parenteral iron administration. Enlarged iron stores in either instance may be evaluated by examination of sternal marrow or determination of the serum iron and saturation of the iron binding protein
In states of iron excess, differences in initial distribution are observed, depending on the route of administration and type of iron compound employed. Iron absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and soluble iron salts injected in small amounts are transported by the iron-binding protein of the serum and stored predominantly in the liver. Colloidal iron given intravenously is taken up by the reticulo-endothelial tissue. Erythrocytes appear to localize in greatest concentration in the spleen, while greater amounts of hemoglobin iron are found in the renal parenchyma. These latter differences in distribution reflect the capacity of various body tissues to assimilate different iron compounds, which while present in the plasma are not carried by the iron-binding protein.
Over a period of time an internal redistribution of iron from these various sites occurs through the serum iron compartment. The liver becomes progressively loaded with iron. When the capacity of the liver to store iron is exceeded, the serum iron increases and secondary tissue receptors begin to fill with iron. That iron in large amounts is toxic to tissues is suggested by the occurrence of fibrosis in the organs most heavily laden with iron. This sequence of events, whether following excessive iron absorption or parenteral iron administration is believed to be responsible for the clinical and pathologic picture of hemochromatosis.
THE INFLUENCE OF Rh HAPTEN THERAPY ON THE COURSE OF Rh ISOSENSITIZATION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: SPURLING CARROLL L. , SACKS MILTON S. , JAHN ELSA F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Ten Rh-negative sensitized pregnant women were treated with Rh hapten in doses of 100 to 600 mg. weekly for periods varying from seven to twenty-eight weeks antepartum.
2. Three patients with heterozygous husbands delivered Rh-negative infants. Maternal antibody titers were unaffected by hapten therapy.
3. Three patients delivered Rh-positive infants displaying varying degrees of erythroblastosis fetalis.
4. The pregnancies of 4 patients terminated with fetal deaths in utero despite hapten therapy.
5. There does not seem to be any evidence that Rh hapten in the doses and manner employed altered the course or outcome of any of the 10 pregnancies.
THE EFFECT OF FOLIC ACID ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF NORMAL SUBJECTS AND SUBJECTS WITH ANEMIA OTHER THAN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: WEISSBERG JONAS , McGAVACK T. H. , VOGEL MILDRED , KENIGSBERG S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The administration of 20 mg. of folic acid daily to a group of 26 normal subjects and to a group of 22 subjects with some form of anemia other than pernicious anemia for a period of six to twelve months was not harmful to the central nervous system.
2. Pre-existent neurologic changes in both groups of patients were not altered during the period of treatment with folic acid.
3. Hematologic variations in both groups were not significant during the period of treatment.
4. A sense of well being and a diminished incidence of upper respiratory infections were reported by many of the normal subjects to whom folic acid was administered.
LYMPHOCYTES IN THORACIC DUCT, INTESTINAL AND HEPATIC LYMPH
Authors: MANN JOSEPH D. , HIGGINS GEORGE M. , VAN HOOK EMERY 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In rats whose intestinal or thoracic duct lymph was drained externally for several days, lymphopenia occurred. Large numbers of cells were collected in the lymph each day, as many, apparently, from the intestinal lymph alone as from the thoracic duct. Hepatic lymph contributed relatively few cells.
Augmentation of lymph flow decreased the concentration of cells in the lymph but did not affect the total number of cells collected each day. Fasting for several days likewise did not decrease the first day’s output. With each day’s lymph flow, however, the daily output of cells spontaneously decreased. The decrease was not prevented by the intravenous injection of fresh lymph or of fresh rat plasma in large amounts. In view of this unexplained effect, one must be cautious in interpreting the results of experiments on the lymph lymphocyte.
ACID AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN WHITE CELLS DATA FOR THE LYMPHOCYTE AND THE POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE OF MAN AND THE RABBIT
Authors: HAIGHT W. F. , ROSSITER R. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The acid and alkaline phosphatase activity has been determined on a series of suspensions of white cells obtained from both man and the rabbit by several different methods.
2. A statistical analysis of the results shows that for both species the alkaline phosphatase of white cell suspensions is confined chiefly to the polymorphonuclear leukocyte and the acid phosphatase is chiefly in the lymphocyte, although the polymonphonuclear leukocyte contains lesser concentrations of this enzyme also.
3. Although this qualitative distribution was the same for both species studied, quantitatively the rabbit differed from man. The activity of the alkaline phosphatase of the rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte was eight times that of the corresponding human cell, while the activity of the acid phosphatase of the human lymphocyte was more than twice that of rabbit lymphocyte.
HYPERSPLENISM ASSOCIATED WITH FOLLICULAR LYMPHOBLASTOMA REPORT OF A CASE WITH SPLENECTOMY
Authors: BERMAN LAWRENCE , KLEIN ALFRED A. , LINN HERMAN J. , BATES GAYLORD S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with secondary hypersplenism due to follicular lymphoblastoma of the spleen exhibited neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, the latter being of sufficient severity to require splenectomy.
Splenectomy was followed by clinical improvement due to restoration of the platelet count and cessation of purpura, whereas the neturopenia persisted.
The significance of the blood, bone marrow, and splenic findings is discussed in the light of current concepts of the mechanism of the hypersplenic effect on the peripheral blood picture.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PLASMA PROTHROMBIN CONCENTRATION AND THE DEGRADATION RATE OF SERUM "PROTHROMBIN-CONVERTING FACTOR" DURING DICUMAROL THERAPY
Authors: JACOX RALPH F. , BAYS ROBERT F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A study of serum and plasma of patients receiving dicumarol reveals that a good correlation exists between the "degradation rate" of "prothrombin-converting factor" in the serum and the concentration of prothrombin in the plasma. As prothrombin concentrations falls, the rate of degradation of "prothrombin-converting factor" becomes slower, while a rise in prothrombin concentration is associated with an accelerated "degradation rate."
STUDIES ON THE HISTAMINE CONTENT OF BLOOD, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LEUKEMIA, LEUKEMOID REACTIONS AND LEUKOCYTOSES
Authors: VALENTINE WILLIAM N. , PEARCE MORTON LEE , LAWRENCE JOHN S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The literature concerning blood histamine has been reviewed, including the evidence that the incorporation of histamine within the myeloid leukocytes may be one of the metabolic functions of myelopoiesis. Data are presented on the histamine content of blood in normal subjects and in subjects with acute leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, erythremia, and with leukocytoses or leukemoid reactions of other etiologies. The changing relationships of total blood histamine to unit myeloid cell histamine in subjects receiving irradiation therapy for chronic myelocytic leukemia are also presented.
The data indicate that total blood histamine in chronic myelocytic leukemia is usually very high in comparison to normal, that the values in erythremia show a definite but less marked tendency in the same direction, while the values in leukocytoses of other etiology are, with few exceptions, normal or low. The blood histamine per million myeloid cells is, on the average, about twice normal in subjects with chronic myelocytic leukemia, within the normal range or a little low in erythremia, and very low on the average in the group of leukocytoses studied. The suggestion is tentatively made that an aberration in this metabolic process (histamine incorporation within myeloid leukocytes) may be an inherent component of chronic myelocytic leukemia, whereas in physiologic leukocytoses and leukemoid reactions this is not the case.