bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution‐Processed Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics: From Molecular Design to Device Performance
Authors: Brus Viktor V. , Lee Jaewon , Luginbuhl Benjamin R. , Ko Seo‐Jin , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent research efforts on solution‐processed semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) are presented. Essential properties of organic donor:acceptor bulk heterojunction blends and electrode materials, required for the combination of simultaneous high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance of photovoltaic devices, are presented from the materials science and device engineering points of view. Aspects of optical perception, charge generation–recombination, and extraction processes relevant for semitransparent OSCs are also discussed in detail. Furthermore, the theoretical limits of PCE for fully transparent OSCs, compared to the performance of the best reported semitransparent OSCs, and options for further optimization are discussed.
Dendrite‐Free Lithium Anodes with Ultra‐Deep Stripping and Plating Properties Based on Vertically Oriented Lithium–Copper–Lithium Arrays
Authors: Cao Zhenjiang , Li Bin , Yang Shubin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough lithium metal is the best anode for lithium‐based batteries, the uncontrollable lithium dendrites especially under deep stripping and plating states hamper its practical applications. Here, a dendrite‐free lithium anode is developed based on vertically oriented lithium–copper–lithium arrays, which can be facilely produced via traditional rolling or repeated stacking approaches. Such vertically oriented arrays not only enable both the lithium‐ion flux and the electric field to be regulated, but also can act as a “dam” to guide the regular plating of lithium, thus efficiently buffering the volume change of the lithium anode upon cycling. As a consequence, the vertically oriented anode exhibits an excellent deep stripping and plating capability upto 50 mAh cm−2, high rate capabilities (20 mA cm−2), and long cycle life (2000 h). Based on this anode, a full lithium battery with a LiCoO2 cathode delivers a good cycle life, holding great potential for practical lithium‐metal batteries with high energy densities.
Zirconium‐Regulation‐Induced Bifunctionality in 3D Cobalt–Iron Oxide Nanosheets for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Huang Liangliang , Chen Dawei , Luo Gan , Lu Ying‐Rui , Chen Chen , Zou Yuqin , Dong Chung‐Li , Li Yafei , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe design of high‐efficiency non‐noble bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is paramount for water splitting technologies and associated renewable energy systems. Spinel‐structured oxides with rich redox properties can serve as alternative low‐cost OER electrocatalysts but with poor HER performance. Here, zirconium regulation in 3D CoFe2O4 (CoFeZr oxides) nanosheets on nickel foam, as a novel strategy inducing bifunctionality toward OER and HER for overall water splitting, is reported. It is found that the incorporation of Zr into CoFe2O4 can tune the nanosheet morphology and electronic structure around the Co and Fe sites for optimizing adsorption energies, thus effectively enhancing the intrinsic activity of active sites. The as‐synthesized 3D CoFeZr oxide nanosheet exhibits high OER activity with small overpotential, low Tafel slope, and good stability. Moreover, it shows unprecedented HER activity with a small overpotential of 104 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline media, which is better than ever reported counterparts. When employing the CoFeZr oxides nanosheets as both anode and cathode catalysts for overall water splitting, a current density of 10 mA cm−2 is achieved at the cell voltage of 1.63 V in 1.0 m KOH.
Highly Elastic Polyrotaxane Binders for Mechanically Stable Lithium Hosts in Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Yoo Dong‐Joo , Elabd Ahmed , Choi Sunghun , Cho Yunshik , Kim Jaemin , Lee Seung Jong , Choi Seung Ho , Kwon Tae‐woo , Char Kookheon , Kim Ki Jae , Coskun Ali , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite their unparalleled theoretical capacity, lithium‐metal anodes suffer from well‐known indiscriminate dendrite growth and parasitic surface reactions. Conductive scaffolds with lithium uptake capacity are recently highlighted as promising lithium hosts, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an ideal candidate for this purpose because of their capability of percolating a conductive network. However, CNT networks are prone to rupture easily due to a large tensile stress generated during lithium uptake–release cycles. Herein, CNT networks integrated with a polyrotaxane‐incorporated poly(acrylic acid) (PRPAA) binder via supramolecular interactions are reported, in which the ring‐sliding motion of the polyrotaxanes endows extraordinary stretchability and elasticity to the entire binder network. In comparison to a control sample with inelastic binder (i.e., poly(vinyl alcohol)), the CNT network with PRPAA binder can endure a large stress during repeated lithium uptake–release cycles, thereby enhancing the mechanical integrity of the corresponding electrode over battery cycling. As a result, the PRPAA‐incorporated CNT network exhibits substantially improved cyclability in lithium–copper asymmetric cells and full cells paired with olivine‐LiFePO4, indicating that high elasticity enabled by mechanically interlocked molecules such as polyrotaxanes can be a useful concept in advancing lithium‐metal batteries.
Atomic Layer Deposition for Membranes, Metamaterials, and Mechanisms
Authors: Dorsey Kyle J. , Pearson Tanner G. , Esposito Edward , Russell Sierra , Bircan Baris , Han Yimo , Miskin Marc Z. , Muller David A. , Cohen Itai , McEuen Paul L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBending and folding techniques such as origami and kirigami enable the scale‐invariant design of 3D structures, metamaterials, and robots from 2D starting materials. These design principles are especially valuable for small systems because most micro‐ and nanofabrication involves lithographic patterning of planar materials. Ultrathin films of inorganic materials serve as an ideal substrate for the fabrication of flexible microsystems because they possess high intrinsic strength, are not susceptible to plasticity, and are easily integrated into microfabrication processes. Here, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is employed to synthesize films down to 2 nm thickness to create membranes, metamaterials, and machines with micrometer‐scale dimensions. Two materials are studied as model systems: ultrathin SiO2 and Pt. In this thickness limit, ALD films of these materials behave elastically and can be fabricated with fJ‐scale bending stiffnesses. Further, ALD membranes are utilized to design micrometer‐scale mechanical metamaterials and magnetically actuated 3D devices. These results establish thin ALD films as a scalable basis for micrometer‐scale actuators and robotics.
Supramolecular Self‐Assembly and Organization of Collagen at Solid/Liquid Interface: Effect of Spheroid‐ and Rod‐Shaped TiO2 Nanocrystals
Authors: Beauvais Mathieu , Degabriel Thomas , Aissaoui Nesrine , Dupres Vincent , Colaço Elodie , El Kirat Karim , Domingos Rute F. , Brouri Dalil , Pradier Claire‐Marie , Spadavecchia Jolanda , Landoulsi Jessem 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe adsorption behavior of collagen on solid surfaces is a process that determines the role of this protein to mediate cell–material interaction. Herein, the mechanism of self‐assembly and organization of collagen on a model substrate is investigated in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. In solution, results show that nanoparticles do not alter the conformation of collagen (triple‐helix), and slightly delay the kinetics of its self‐assembly. In the adsorbed state, by exploring the dewetting patterns of collagen layers from atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, a method is developed to extract parameters describing the characteristics of collagen networks. It is shown that collagen layer is strongly impacted by the presence of nanoparticles in the medium. These results are consistent with the analysis of the protein layers in the hydrated state, showing a rigidification, as observed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D), and the formation of shorter and/or less extended fibrillar structures with a lower surface density, as probed by AFM force spectroscopy. The approach described here provides a reconciliation between disparate views of collagen layers' characterization in the dried and the hydrated states. It also offers new perspectives to assess the impact of nanoparticles on the organization of collagen during in vitro tests, particularly at the stage of cell adhesion.
High NPM1 mutant allele burden at diagnosis correlates with minimal residual disease at first remission in de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Patel Sanjay S. , Pinkus Geraldine S. , Ritterhouse Lauren L. , Segal Jeremy P. , Dal Cin Paola , Restrepo Tamara , Harris Marian H. , Stone Richard M. , Hasserjian Robert P. , Weinberg Olga K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mutated NPM1 is a newly recognized separate entity in the revised 2016 WHO classification, and is associated with a favorable prognosis. While previous studies have evaluated NPM1 in a binary fashion, we recently demonstrated a significant independent negative prognostic effect of high NPM1 mutant allele burden (VAF) at diagnosis in a cohort of de novo AML patients. Although the importance of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring in NPM1‐mutated AML has been well characterized, the potential relationship between diagnostic allele burden and MRD is unknown. We retrospectively evaluated for MRD at first remission (CR1). We used either next‐generation sequencing (NGS) [n = 71], and/or immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mutant NPM1 (NPM1c) [n = 60], in a subset of patients from our recently examined cohort. We identified a statistically significant positive correlation between the VAF at diagnosis, and at CR1 (Spearman r = 0.4, P = .006), and enrichment for MRD in high diagnostic VAF patients (P = .05), as previously defined. IHC‐positivity also correlated significantly with a higher median diagnostic NPM1 VAF (0.42 vs 0.39, P = .02), and with the VAF at CR1 (Spearman r = 0.7, P = .003). In multivariable analyses, both high diagnostic VAF (P = .003) and MRD (P = .02) were independent predictors of shorter event‐free survival (EFS). Our findings suggest a relationship between the NPM1 mutant allele burden at diagnosis, and the presence of MRD at first remission. Our findings support IHC as a potentially useful adjunctive tool for disease monitoring.
PIGQ glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein deficiency: Characterizing the phenotype
Authors: Starr Lois J. , Spranger Jürgen W. , Rao Vamshi K. , Lutz Richard , Yetman Anji T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPIGQ (OMIM *605754) encodes phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class Q (PIGQ) and is required for proper functioning of an N‐acetylglucosamine transferase complex in a similar manner to the more established PIGA, PIGC, and PIGH. There are two previous patients reported with homozygous and apparently deleterious PIGQ mutations. Here, we provide the first detailed clinical report of a patient with heterozygous deleterious mutations associated with glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein (GPI‐AP) biosynthesis deficiency. Our patient died at 10 months of age. The rare skeletal findings in this disorder expand the differential diagnosis of long bone radiolucent lesions and sphenoid wing dysplasia. This clinical report describes a new and rare disorder—PIGQ GPI‐AP biosynthesis deficiency syndrome.
Factors associated with bowel necrosis in patients with hepatic portal venous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis
Authors: Muratsu Arisa , Muroya Takashi , Yui Rintaro , Nakamura Fumiko , Kishimoto Masanobu , Sakuramoto Kazuhito , Kuwagata Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2019

AimHistorically, the presence of hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) and pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) have been reported to be associated with bowel necrosis and fatal outcome. However, there are no criteria to judge whether bowel necrosis has occurred. We aimed to examine the factors associated with bowel necrosis in patients with HPVG and PI.MethodsThe study comprised 25 patients who were diagnosed as having HPVG and/or PI based on computed tomography (CT) findings in the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Hospital (Osaka, Japan) between April 2013 and August 2017. We compared various factors, including clinical history, severity of present illness, laboratory data, and CT findings, and examined whether they were related to bowel necrosis.ResultsBoth Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores and total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the necrosis group than those in the non‐necrosis group (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). The quantity of portal venous gas observed on computed tomography was associated with bowel necrosis in patients with HPVG. In contrast, the presence of air‐type PI, defined as PI with emphysema covering the total circumference of the intestine in the absence of wall edema, and the presence of free air were significantly higher in the non‐necrosis group (both P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study showed that the quantity of HPVG was associated with bowel necrosis, whereas the presence of free air or air‐type PI was associated with non‐necrosis of the bowel.
Biochar as a filler in mixed matrix materials: Synthesis, characterization, and applications
Authors: Lewis Jeremy , Miller Mark , Crumb Jake , Al‐Sayaghi Maram , Buelke Chris , Tesser Austin , Alshami Ali 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe use of mixed‐matrix materials (MMM) has become a major topic of research in recent years, due to unique properties achieved in these composites. In this work, biochar from sunflower seed hull pyrolysis and biochar/polysulfone (PSF) MMMs were produced and characterized. The optimal pyrolysis temperature for biochar production was determined to be 500 °C. The resulting biochar properties were an iodine number of 203 mg/g and a pore volume of 0.595 mL/g. In MMM fabrication, the use 4% ethanol as nonsolvent in the wet phase inversion process increased the glass transition temperature by 8 °C, indicating improved biochar/PSF interaction. The presence of biochar was shown to create pores in otherwise dense surfaces. The critical surface energy was also increased by the addition of biochar from 28.6 mN/m in pristine PSF to 35.7 mN/m in biochar/PSF MMMs. We identified and discussed several potential applications based on the determined properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48027.
Catalytic Activity of Bimetallic (Ruthenium/Palladium) Nano‐alloy Decorated Porous Carbons Toward Reduction of Toxic Compounds
Authors: Veerakumar Pitchaimani , Salamalai Kamaraj , Dhenadhayalan Namasivayam , Lin King‐Chuen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChicken feather‐derived high‐surface‐area porous activated carbon (CFAC) material was prepared using chemical activation. A new composite composed of Ru‐Pd nanoparticles supported on CFAC (Ru‐Pd@CFAC) has been prepared by microwave‐thermal reduction in the presence of the support. Characterization by XRD, Raman, BET, FE‐SEM/TEM, FT‐IR, TGA, XPS, HAADF‐STEM‐EDS, H2‐chemisorption, H2‐TPR, and ICP‐AES was used to analyze the catalyst. This catalyst is found to be efficient for the reduction of hexavalent chromium (CrVI), potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]), 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), and pendimethalin (PDM), at room temperature, and remains stable, even after several repeated runs. Moreover, it showed excellent catalytic activity compared with the monometallic counterparts.
Copula‐based robust optimal block designs
Authors: Rappold A. , Müller W.G. , Woods D.C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBlocking is often used to reduce known variability in designed experiments by collecting together homogeneous experimental units. A common modeling assumption for such experiments is that responses from units within a block are dependent. Accounting for such dependencies in both the design of the experiment and the modeling of the resulting data when the response is not normally distributed can be challenging, particularly in terms of the computation required to find an optimal design. The application of copulas and marginal modeling provides a computationally efficient approach for estimating population‐average treatment effects. Motivated by an experiment from materials testing, we develop and demonstrate designs with blocks of size two using copula models. Such designs are also important in applications ranging from microarray experiments to experiments on human eyes or limbs with naturally occurring blocks of size two. We present a methodology for design selection, make comparisons to existing approaches in the literature, and assess the robustness of the designs to modeling assumptions.
Board gender diversity and environmental performance: An industries perspective
Authors: Lu Jing , Herremans Irene M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study investigates whether gender diversity on the board of directors in the United States is associated with firms' environmental performance. Under the theoretical framework of resource dependence theory, we argue that gender diversity brings a greater variety of skills to the board. Diversity allows for a healthy mix of knowledge and experience to improve the decision‐making process of the board. Using propensity score matching and controlling for endogeneity, this study uses a more rigorous statistical model than previous work. It also uses content analysis of directors' biographies to provide evidence of the role that gender diversity plays. We find gender diversity is positively associated with firms' environmental performance scores primarily in the more environmentally impacting industries. Therefore, our research provides valuable direction for those firms working to improve both their boards' gender diversity and their environmental performance. Our findings also offer insight into the mixed results of previous studies.
Cation exchange chromatography performed in overloaded mode is effective in removing viruses during the manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Masuda Yumiko , Tsuda Masashi , Hashikawa‐Muto Chie , Takahashi Yusuke , Nonaka Koichi , Wakamatsu Kaori 
Published: May 2019

AbstractViral safety is a critical concern with regard to monoclonal antibody (mAb) products produced in mammalian cells such as Chinese hamster ovary cells. Manufacturers are required to ensure the safety of such products by validating the clearance of viruses in downstream purification steps. Cation exchange (CEX) chromatography is widely used in bind/elute mode as a polishing step in mAb purification. However, bind/elute modes require a large volume of expensive resin. To reduce the production cost, the use of CEX chromatography in overloaded mode has recently been investigated. The viral clearance ability in overloaded mode was evaluated using murine leukemia virus (MLV). Even under high‐load conditions such as 2,000 g mAb/L resin, MLV was removed from mAb solutions. This viral clearance ability was not significantly affected by resin type or mAb type. The overloaded mode can also remove other types of viruses such as pseudorabies virus and reovirus Type 3 from mAb solutions. Based on these results, this cost‐effective overloaded mode is comparable to the bind‐elute mode in terms of viral removal.
CBX2 is a functional target of miRNA let‐7a and acts as a tumor promoter in osteosarcoma
Authors: Han Qicai , Li Chao , Cao Yuan , Bao Jie , Li Kongfei , Song Ruipeng , Chen Xiaolong , Li Juan , Wu Xuejian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant tumor of skeletal with poor prognosis in children and adolescents. Accumulating evidence indicates that CBX2 is overexpressed in multiple human neoplasm and play a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression. However, its functional role and upstream regulation mechanism in osteosarcoma remain unknown. In the present study, tissue microarray (TMA) analysis was performed to determine the association between CBX2 expression and clinical prognosis of osteosarcoma patients by immunohistochemistry. We also investigated the functional role of CBX2 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we confirmed the direct binding between CBX2 and let‐7a via qPCR, western blot and luciferase reporter assay. We found that CBX2 is dramatically upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and high CBX2 expression was correlated with metastasis, recurrence, and chemotherapy response, as well as unfavorable prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. Similar results were observed in a sarcoma cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Further experiments revealed that CBX2 knockdown significantly impeded osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion ability in vitro, and suppressed the tumor growth in tumor xenografts model. Mechanistically, we confirmed that CBX2 is a functional target of miRNA let‐7a. Overexpression of let‐7a inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, which was reversed by CBX2 overexpression. Taken together, our study demonstrates that let‐7a/CBX2 plays a crucial role in osteosarcoma progression. CBX2 could serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma patients.
Influence of Lipid Saturation, Hydrophobic Length and Cholesterol on Double‐Arginine‐Containing Helical Peptides in Bilayer Membranes
Authors: Lipinski Karli , McKay Matthew J. , Afrose Fahmida , Martfeld Ashley N. , Koeppe Roger E. , Greathouse Denise V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMembrane proteins are essential for many cell processes yet are more difficult to investigate than soluble proteins. Charged residues often contribute significantly to membrane protein function. Model peptides such as GWALP23 (acetyl‐GGALW5LAL8LALALAL16ALW19LAGA‐amide) can be used to characterize the influence of specific residues on transmembrane protein domains. We have substituted R8 and R16 in GWALP23 in place of L8 and L16, equidistant from the peptide center, and incorporated specific 2H‐labeled alanine residues within the central sequence for detection by solid‐state 2H NMR spectroscopy. The resulting pattern of [2H]Ala quadrupolar splitting (Δνq) magnitudes indicates the core helix for R8,16GWALP23 is significantly tilted to give a similar transmembrane orientation in thinner bilayers with either saturated C12:0 or C14:0 acyl chains (1,2‐dilauroyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DLPC) or 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DMPC)) or unsaturated C16:1 Δ9 cis acyl chains. In bilayers of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC; C18:1 Δ9 cis) multiple orientations are indicated, whereas in longer, unsaturated 1,2‐dieicosenoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DEiPC; C20:1 Δ11 cis) bilayers, the R8,16GWALP23 helix adopts primarily a surface orientation. The inclusion of 10–20 mol % cholesterol in DOPC bilayers drives more of the R8,16GWALP23 helix population to the membrane surface, thereby allowing both charged arginines access to the interfacial lipid head groups. The results suggest that hydrophobic thickness and cholesterol content are more important than lipid saturation for the arginine peptide dynamics and helix orientation in lipid membranes.
The Steglich Rearrangement of 2‐Oxindole Derivatives Promoted by Anion‐based Nucleophilic Catalysis
Authors: Trujillo Cristina , Litvajova Mili , Cronin Sarah A. , Craig Ryan , Connon Stephen J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe first small anion‐triggered Steglich rearrangements are reported. Tetrabutylammonium carboxylates‐, cyanide‐ and fluoride promote the O‐ to C‐acyl transfer of a range of O‐acylated oxindoles to form 3,3‐disubstituted oxindole products with new quaternary stereocentres. DFT calculations on the TBAF‐mediated reaction strongly support a nucleophilic catalysis mechanism involving initial attack of fluoride on the O‐acyl group to give an enolate and an acyl fluoride in the rate determining step.