bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibiting geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthesis reduces nuclear androgen receptor signaling and neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cell models
Authors: Weissenrieder Jillian S. , Reilly Jacqueline E. , Neighbors Jeffrey D. , Hohl Raymond J. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundFollowing androgen deprivation for the treatment of advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate, tumors can progress to neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). This transdifferentiation process is poorly understood, but trafficking of transcriptional factors and/or cytoskeletal rearrangements may be involved. We observed the role of geranylgeranylation in this process by treatment with digeranyl bisphosphonate (DGBP), a selective inhibitor of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase which blocks the prenylation of small GTPases such as Rho and Rab family proteins, including Cdc42 and Rac1.MethodsWe examined the therapeutic potential of DGBP in LNCaP, C4‐2B4, and 22Rv1 cell culture models. Cell morphology and protein expression were quantified to observe the development of the neuroendocrine phenotype in androgen‐deprivation and abiraterone‐treated LNCaP models of NEPC development. Luciferase reporter assays were utilized to examine AR activity, and immunofluorescence visualized the localization of AR within the cell.ResultsEssential genes in the isoprenoid pathway, such as HMGCR, MVK, GGPS1, and GGT1, were highly expressed in a subset of castration resistant prostate cancers reported by Beltran et al. Under treatment with DGBP, nuclear localization of AR decreased in LNCaP, 22Rv1, and C4‐2B4 cell lines, luciferase reporter activity was reduced in LNCaP and 22Rv1, and AR target gene transcription also decreased in LNCaP. Conversely, nuclear localization of AR was enhanced by the addition of GGOH. Finally, induction of the NEPC structural and molecular phenotype via androgen deprivation in LNCaP cells was inhibited by DGBP in a GGOH‐dependent manner.ConclusionsDGBP is a novel compound with the potential to reduce AR transcriptional activity and inhibit PCa progression to NEPC phenotype. These results suggest that DGBP may be used to block cell growth and metastasis in both hormone therapy sensitive and resistant paradigms.
Toward Tailorable Zn‐Ion Textile Batteries with High Energy Density and Ultrafast Capability: Building High‐Performance Textile Electrode in 3D Hierarchical Branched Design
Authors: Zhao Tao , Zhang Guoming , Zhou Fangshuo , Zhang Sen , Deng Chao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRechargeable Zn‐ion batteries are promising candidates for wearable energy storage devices. However, their performance is severely restricted by the low conductivity and inferior mass loading. Herein, a new type of the textile based electrodes with 3D hierarchical branched design is reported. Both Ni nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes are used to build conductive coatings on the textiles. The 3D hierarchical nanostructures, consisting of the vertical‐aligned nanosheets and the fluffy‐like small flakes, grow on the conductive textiles to form the self‐supported electrodes. It ensures fast electron/ion transport and high mass loading, and maintains the structure stability during cycling. Two textile electrodes with the NiCo hydroxide and MnO2 self‐branched nanostructures are constructed. Their faster kinetics, higher capacity and better rate capability than the solitary nanosheets based counterpart demonstrate the superiority of the hierarchical architecture. Moreover, the solid‐state Zn‐MnO2 and Zn‐NiCo batteries are fabricated based on the textile electrodes and the polymer electrolytes. The high energy density, superior power density and good long‐term cycling stability confirm their excellent energy storage ability and fast charge/discharge capability. Particularly, the high safety under various conditions enable them promising candidates for wearable electronics.
Seismic performance factors for low‐ to mid‐rise steel diagrid structural systems
Authors: Asadi Esmaeel , Adeli Hojjat 
Published: August 2018

SummaryDiagrids are known as an esthetically pleasing and structurally efficient system. The current design codes and provisions, however, provide no specific guidelines for their design under extreme events such as earthquakes. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the performance of steel diagrid structures to evaluate their key seismic performance factors. Nonlinear static, time‐history dynamic, and incremental dynamic analyses are used to assess diagrid performance and collapse mechanisms in a high seismic region. Seismic performance factors including response modification factor, ductility factor, overstrength factor, and deflection amplification factor are quantified using 4 different methodologies. Four archetype groups of diagrid buildings ranging in height from 4 to 30 stories have been investigated. An R factor in the range of 4 to 5 is recommended for steel diagrid frames in the range of 8 to 30 stories unless supplementary analyses are conducted to find the optimal diagonal angle. For low‐rise steel diagrids (under 8 stories), an R factor in the range of 3.5 to 4 is recommended. Further, an overstrength and ductility of 2.5 and 2 are recommended. This paper lays the groundwork for including steel diagrids in design provisions.
The value of radiography in the follow-up of extremity fractures: a systematic review
Authors: van Gerven P. , Rubinstein S. M. , Nederpelt C. , Termaat M. F. , Krijnen P. , van Tulder M. W. , Schipper I. B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
The added value of routine radiography in the follow-up of extremity fractures is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to create an overview of radiography use in extremity fracture care and the consequences of these radiographs for the treatment of patients with these fractures.

Materials and methods
Studies were included if they reported on the use of radiography in the follow-up of extremity fractures and on its influence on treatment strategy, clinical outcome, or complications. A comprehensive search of electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane) was performed to identify relevant studies. Methodological quality was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for cohort studies. Level of evidence was assessed using GRADE. The search, quality appraisal, and data extraction were performed independently by two researchers.

Results
Eleven studies were included. All studies were retrospective cohorts. Of these, only two used a comparative design. Two of the included studies described fractures of both the upper and lower extremities, four studies concerned fractures of the lower extremity only, and five studies focused on fractures of the upper extremity. Pooling of data was not performed because of clinical heterogeneity. Eight studies reported on a change in treatment strategy related to radiography. Percentages ranged from 0 to 2.6%. The overall results indicated that radiographs in the follow-up of extremity fractures seldom alter treatment strategy, that the vast majority of follow-up radiographs are obtained without a clinical indication and that detection of a complication on a radiograph, in the absence of clinical symptoms, is unlikely. All included studies were regarded of a ‘very low’ level using GRADE.

Conclusions
Based on current literature, the added value of routine radiography in the follow-up of extremity fractures seems limited. Results, however, should be interpreted with care, considering that available evidence is of a low level.
Policy-making under uncertainty
Authors: SUTHERLAND RORY 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe problem with decision-making in an institutional setting is that it is often more important for one's reputation and job security to appear to be logical than it is to be truly effective. Indeed, a far lower burden of proof is applied to ideas and suggestions that accord with simple economic axioms than to those that are oblique, counterintuitive or employ second-order thinking. Hence, the best new ideas generated by behavioural science will and should often lie outside the bureaucrat's natural comfort zone; any difficulties encountered by behavioural scientists should not surprise us: like the sting of an antiseptic, they are proof that the treatment is working.
Subgroup Correspondences
Authors: Kaliszewski S. , Larsen Nadia S. , Quigg John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFor a closed subgroup of a locally compact group the Rieffel induction process gives rise to aC*-correspondence over theC*-algebra of the subgroup. We study the associated Cuntz–Pimsner algebra and show that, by varying the subgroup to be open, compact, or discrete, there are connections with the Exel–Pardo correspondence arising from a cocycle, and also with graph algebras.
The identification and genetic diversity of endophytic bacteria isolated from selected crops
Authors: Woźniak M. , Gałązka A. , Grządziel J. , Głodowska M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA collection of 45 isolates was created based on bacteria isolated from maize, broad bean, wheat, rye and wild plants such as horsetail and burdock. The aim of the current study was to isolate the bacteria, and then identify and assess the degree of genomic diversity. The molecular identification of microsymbionts isolated from the endosphere (root and stem) of plants grown in agricultural soils was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. To evaluate the genomic diversity between strains that occurred in multiple host plants, 18 bacterial isolates representing four species were subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The 16S rDNA analysis assigned all bacterial isolates to ten genera, from whichRhizobiumwas represented by 19 isolates,Delftiaby 11,Agrobacteriumby five,Stenotrophomonasby three,Brevundimonasby two andNovosphingobium,Variovorax, Collimonas, AchromobacterandComamonasby only one isolate. Furthermore, the genomic diversity of the 11 isolates ofDelftiasp. was assessed using the BOX – polymerase chain reaction (BOX-PCR) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus – PCR (ERIC-PCR) methods. Typing patterns and analysis using BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR data demonstrated similarities among the tested isolates. In general, the results obtained with BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR were in good agreement. However, a greater degree of differentiation patterns of the genomic DNA was obtained in the ERIC-PCR method.
Analyse comparative deça fait que, alors, doncetsoà Montréal et à Welland: mutations sociales, convergences, divergences en français laurentien
Authors: BLONDEAU HÉLÈNE , MOUGEON RAYMOND , TREMBLAY MIREILLE 
Published: August 2018

RÉSUMÉLa présente étude compare l’évolution récente du français parlé à Montréal et celle du français parlé à Welland (Ontario) où réside une minorité francophone. Le phénomène variationnel retenu est l'emploi des connecteurs(ça) fait (que),so,alorsetdonc. Les corpus utilisés ont été recueillis à l'aide d'entretiens enregistrés de 2011 à 2015 parmi des échantillons de locuteurs stratifiés selon l’âge, la classe sociale et le sexe. L'analyse des données révèle des différences marquées dans l’évolution de ces connecteurs dans les deux communautés. Par exemple, à Montréal on observe une forte montée de(ça) fait (que)et l'obsolescence d'alorset à Welland, une forte montée deso(forme absente à Montréal), le net déclin de(ça) fait (que)et le maintien relatif d'alorsetdonc. L’étude de la configuration sociale de la variation montre plusieurs points de convergence entre les deux variétés de français laurentien (ex. association de(ça) fait (que)avec les locuteurs de la CSE basse et d'alorsavec ceux de la CSE haute). Toutefois, l'analyse de l'effet combiné des facteurs âge, CSE, sexe et bilinguisme sur la variation met au jour des différences importantes entre les deux parlers et l’émergence de normes endogènes divergentes.
Analysis of Robin Hood and Other Hashing Algorithms Under the Random Probing Model, With and Without Deletions
Authors: POBLETE P. V. , VIOLA A. 
Published: August 2018

Thirty years ago, the Robin Hood collision resolution strategy was introduced for open addressing hash tables, and a recurrence equation was found for the distribution of its search cost. Although this recurrence could not be solved analytically, it allowed for numerical computations that, remarkably, suggested that the variance of the search cost approached a value of 1.883 when the table was full. Furthermore, by using a non-standard mean-centred search algorithm, this would imply that searches could be performed in expected constant time even in a full table.In spite of the time elapsed since these observations were made, no progress has been made in proving them. In this paper we introduce a technique to work around the intractability of the recurrence equation by solving instead an associated differential equation. While this does not provide an exact solution, it is sufficiently powerful to prove a bound of π2/3 for the variance, and thus obtain a proof that the variance of Robin Hood is bounded by a small constant for load factors arbitrarily close to 1. As a corollary, this proves that the mean-centred search algorithm runs in expected constant time.We also use this technique to study the performance of Robin Hood hash tables under a long sequence of insertions and deletions, where deletions are implemented by marking elements as deleted. We prove that, in this case, the variance is bounded by 1/(1−α), where α is the load factor.To model the behaviour of these hash tables, we use a unified approach that we apply also to study the First-Come-First-Served and Last-Come-First-Served collision resolution disciplines, both with and without deletions.
Dual-Pivot Quicksort: Optimality, Analysis and Zeros of Associated Lattice Paths
Authors: AUMÜLLER MARTIN , DIETZFELBINGER MARTIN , HEUBERGER CLEMENS , KRENN DANIEL , PRODINGER HELMUT 
Published: August 2018

We present an average-case analysis of a variant of dual-pivot quicksort. We show that the algorithmic partitioning strategy used is optimal, that is, it minimizes the expected number of key comparisons. For the analysis, we calculate the expected number of comparisons exactly as well as asymptotically; in particular, we provide exact expressions for the linear, logarithmic and constant terms.An essential step is the analysis of zeros of lattice paths in a certain probability model. Along the way a combinatorial identity is proved.
Time trends in suicide rates by domestic gas or car exhaust gas inhalation in Japan, 1968–1994
Authors: Yoshioka E. , Hanley S. J. B. , Saijo Y. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsA reduction in the carbon monoxide content of domestic gas and car exhaust gas has been associated with a decrease in gassing suicides in many western countries. In Japan, a reduction in the carbon monoxide content of domestic gas supply began in the early 1970s, and carbon monoxide emissions standards of new passenger cars were significantly strengthened in 1978. However, little is known about the impact of detoxification of these gases on gassing-related suicides in Japan. Therefore, we examined the changing patterns of suicide due to domestic gas or car exhaust gas inhalation by gender and age in Japan between 1968 and 1994.MethodsSuicide mortality data were obtained from the Vital Statistics of Japan. In this study, age was divided into four groups: 15–24, 25–44, 45–64 and 65+ years. Method of suicide was divided into three groups: domestic gas, car exhaust gas and non-gases. We calculated method-specific age-standardised suicide rates by gender within each of the four age groups. We applied joinpoint regression to the data and quantified the observed changes.ResultsSuicide rates by domestic gas, regardless of gender and age, increased from 1968 to the mid-1970s and then decreased sharply. The proportion of all suicides accounted for by domestic gas was comparatively high in the mid-1970s among females aged 15–24 and 25–44 years, while for other gender-age-groups the proportion of domestic gas suicides remained small, even at the peak. For females aged 15–44 years, the decrease in domestic gas suicides appeared to cause a substantial decrease in overall suicides in this gender/age group. Car exhaust gas was a more common method for males, particularly those aged 25–64 years. Car exhaust gas suicide rates for males aged 25–64 years peaked in the mid-1980s, followed by a sharp decrease.ConclusionsA reduction in the carbon monoxide content of the domestic gas, which began in the early 1970s in Japan, was associated with a decrease in domestic gas suicides for both genders of all ages. Concerning females aged 15–44 years, a decrease in domestic gas suicides caused a substantial decrease in overall suicides in this gender/age group since the proportion of domestic gas suicides among all suicides combined was comparatively large. However, it remains uncertain whether the introduction of catalytic converters in the 1970s in Japan resulted in a reduction of suicides from car exhaust gas inhalation.
An Ensemble Version of the E‐OBS Temperature and Precipitation Data Sets
Authors: Cornes Richard C. , van der Schrier Gerard , van den Besselaar Else J. M. , Jones Philip D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe describe the construction of a new version of the Europe‐wide E‐OBS temperature (daily minimum, mean, and maximum values) and precipitation data set. This version provides an improved estimation of interpolation uncertainty through the calculation of a 100‐member ensemble of realizations of each daily field. The data set covers the period back to 1950 and provides gridded fields at a spacing of 0.25∘ × 0.25∘ in regular latitude/longitude coordinates. As with the original E‐OBS data set, the ensemble version is based on the station series collated as part of the ECA&D initiative. Station density varies significantly over the domain, and over time, and a reliable estimation of interpolation uncertainty in the gridded fields is therefore important for users of the data set. The uncertainty quantified by the ensemble data set is more realistic than the uncertainty estimates in the original version, although uncertainty is still underestimated in data‐sparse regions. The new data set is compared against the earlier version of E‐OBS and against regional gridded data sets produced by a selection of National Meteorological Services. In terms of both climatological averages and extreme values, the new version of E‐OBS is broadly comparable to the earlier version. Nonetheless, users will notice differences between the two E‐OBS versions, especially for precipitation, which arises from the different gridding method used.
Following the terrestrial tracks of Caulobacter - redefining the ecology of a reputed aquatic oligotroph
Authors: Wilhelm Roland C 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
For the past 60 years Caulobacter spp. have been commonly attributed an aquatic and oligotrophic lifestyle yet are not uncommon in nutrient-rich or soil environments. This study evaluates the environmental and ecological associations of Caulobacter to reconcile past evidence, largely limited to culturing and microscopy, with currently available metagenomic and genomic data. The distribution of Caulobacter species and their characteristic adhesion-conferring genes, holdfast (hfaAB), were determined using collections of 10,641 16S rRNA gene libraries (196 studies) and 2625 shotgun metagenomes (190 studies) from a range of terrestrial and aquatic environments. Evidence for ecotypic variation was tested in 26 genomes sourced from soil, rhizosphere, plant, groundwater, and water. Caulobacter were, on average, fourfold more relatively abundant in soil than in aquatic environments, and abundant in decomposing wood, compost, and particulate matter (in air and water). Caulobacter holdfast genes were 35-fold more abundant in soils than aquatic environments. Ecotypic differences between soil and aquatic Caulobacter were evident in the environmental associations of several species and differences in genome size and content among isolates. However, most abundant species were common to both environments, suggesting populations exist in a continuum that was evident in the re-analysis of studies on the temporal dynamics of, and sources of bacterioplankton to, lakes and rivers. This study provides a new perspective on the ecological profile of Caulobacter, demonstrating that members of this genus are predominantly soil-borne, possess an overlooked role in plant matter decomposition and a dependency on water-mediated dispersal.
Association study and mutation sequencing of genes on chromosome 15q11-q13 identified GABRG3 as a susceptibility gene for autism in Chinese Han population
Authors: Wang Linyan , Li Jun , Shuang Mei , Lu Tianlan , Wang Ziqi , Zhang Tian , Yue Weihua , Jia Meixiang , Ruan Yanyan , Liu Jing , Wu Zhiliu , Zhang Dai , Wang Lifang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCytogenetic studies suggested that chromosome 15q11-q13 might be a candidate region that increases the risk of autism. Previous association studies in Caucasian populations identified the risk variants of genes in this region. However, the association of these genes with autism in Chinese Han population remains unclear. Herein, 512 autism trios were utilized for a family-based association study of 41 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this region to explore the association between protein-coding genes on chromosome 15q11-q13 and autism in Chinese Han population. Furthermore, we sequenced these autism-related genes to detect rare variants in 512 autism trios and 575 healthy controls. Our results showed that the C allele of rs7180500 inGABRG3was a risk variant for autism (p = 0.00057). The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis revealed that the C allele of rs7180500 might be associated with the expression ofGABRG3in the cerebellum (Braineac:p = 0.0048; GTEx:p = 0.0010). Moreover, the sequencing identified two rare variants rs201602655 (p.Val233Met) and rs201427468 (p.Pro365Ser) inGABRG3and six rare variants inGABRB3in autistic patients. Among these variants, rs201602655 (p.Val233Met) inGABRG3were observed in 9 of 512 autistic children and 2 of 575 healthy controls (Pearsonχ2-test,χ2 = 5.375,p = 0.020). The functional prediction indicated that rs201602655 (p.Val233Met) might be deleterious. Thus, these findings demonstrated thatGABRG3might contribute to the pathogenesis of autism in Chinese Han population.
Absent sleep EEG spindle activity in GluA1 (Gria1) knockout mice: relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Ang Gauri , McKillop Laura E. , Purple Ross , Blanco-Duque Cristina , Peirson Stuart N. , Foster Russell G. , Harrison Paul J. , Sprengel Rolf , Davies Kay E. , Oliver Peter L. , Bannerman David M. , Vyazovskiy Vladyslav V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSleep EEG spindles have been implicated in attention, sensory processing, synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. In humans, deficits in sleep spindles have been reported in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Genome-wide association studies have suggested a link between schizophrenia and genes associated with synaptic plasticity, including the Gria1 gene which codes for the GluA1 subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor. Gria1−/− mice exhibit a phenotype relevant for neuropsychiatric disorders, including reduced synaptic plasticity and, at the behavioural level, attentional deficits leading to aberrant salience. In this study we report a striking reduction of EEG power density including the spindle-frequency range (10–15 Hz) during sleep in Gria1−/− mice. The reduction of spindle-activity in Gria1−/− mice was accompanied by longer REM sleep episodes, increased EEG slow-wave activity in the occipital derivation during baseline sleep, and a reduced rate of decline of EEG slow wave activity (0.5–4 Hz) during NREM sleep after sleep deprivation. These data provide a novel link between glutamatergic dysfunction and sleep abnormalities in a schizophrenia-relevant mouse model.