bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of variable thermophysical properties on mixed convection slip flow over a wedge
Authors: Roy Sudharonjon , Roy Nepal Chandra , Saha Litan Kumar , Uddin K. M. Salah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper reveals the characteristics of mixed convection slip flow of an electrically conducting fluid over a wedge subject to temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity variations. The system of dimensionless nonsimilar governing equations has been solved by an implicit finite difference method. We also use stream‐function formulation to reduce the governing equations into a convenient form, which are valid for small and large time regimes. These are solved employing the perturbation method for small time and the asymptotic method for large time. Numerical solutions yield a good agreement with the series solutions. Because of the increase in the mixed convection parameter, the peak of the velocity profile increases whereas the maximum temperature decreases. In contrast, the local skin‐friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are found to increase with the mixed convection parameter. For higher values of the velocity slip and temperature jump conditions, the local skin‐friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number are found to increase. The viscosity parameter enhances the local skin friction and the local Nusselt number. But the converse characteristic is observed for the thermal conductivity parameter. The results could be used in microelectromechanical systems, fabrication, melting of polymers, polishing of artificial heart valves, etc.
An experimental investigation in forced convective heat transfer and friction factor of air flow over aligned round and flattened tube banks
Authors: Jassim Ataalah Hussain , Tahseen Tahseen Ahmad , Mustafa Ahmed Waheed , Rahman Md Mustafizur , Ishak Mahadzir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeat transfer coefficients and pressure drop are studied experimentally for airflow over aligned round and flattened tube configurations. The Reynolds number is based on the outer diameter of the round tube or the outside transverse diameter of the flattened tube, which is used for various flows, ranging from 133 to 800 with a constant input heat flux. In the present work, a total of 30 samples of round and flattened tubes heat exchangers with three transverse pitches, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.5, were studied to investigate their thermal performance. The results indicate that the relative gain in the overall Nusselt number is about 32.5 to 60.6% in flattened tubes, while the reduction range in the friction factor is about 11 to 30.6%. Correlations are proposed for the overall Nusselt number, friction factor, and Colburn j–factor for both round and flattened tube banks. A higher value means that a deviation error of 9.9% in the round tube banks and 10.1% in the flattened tube banks are expected. In addition, the best value for thermal performance for the flattened tube bundle was found to be coincident with a smaller Reynolds number.
Fluorination effect to intermediate molecular weight polyethylenimine for gene delivery systems
Authors: Lee Gyeong Jin , Kim Tae‐il 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFluorinated intermediate molecular weight polyethylenimine (FP2ks) with various fluorination degrees was synthesized by conjugation with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and the fluorination effect for gene delivery systems was examined. FP2ks could condense pDNA, forming compact, positively charged, and nano‐sized spherical particles. It was thought that their decreased electrostatic interaction with pDNA would be compensated by hydrophobic interaction. The cytotoxicity of FP2ks was increased with the increase of fluorination degree, probably due to the cellular membrane disruption via hydrophobic interaction with FP2ks. The transfection efficiency of highly fluorinated FP2ks was not severely affected in serum condition, assuming their good serum‐compatibility. Discrepancy between their higher cellular uptake efficiency and lower transfection efficiency than PEI25k was thought to arise from the formation of compact polyplexes followed by the decreased dissociation of pDNA. It was also suggested that multiple energy‐dependent cellular uptake mechanisms and endosome buffering would mediate the transfection of FP2ks.
A review of transition metal‐based bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts
Authors: Ibrahim Kassa B. , Tsai Meng‐Che , Chala Soressa A. , Berihun Mulatu K. , Kahsay Amaha W. , Berhe Taame A. , Su Wei‐Nien , Hwang Bing‐Joe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage and conversion devices play a key role in the development of clean, sustainable, and efficient energy systems to meet the sustainable growth of our society. However, challenging issues including the sluggish kinetics of oxygen electrode reactions involving the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are present, limiting the implementation of devices such as metal‐air batteries, water electrolyzers, and regenerative fuel cells. In this review, various monometallic and bimetallic transition metal oxides (TMOs) and hydroxides are summarized in terms of their application for ORR/OER, in which the merits and demerits of various precious metal and carbon‐based metal oxide materials are discussed, with requirements for better electrocatalysts and catalyst support being introduced as well. Following this, different approaches to improve catalytic activity such as the introduction of doping and defects, the manipulation of crystal facets, and the engineering of supports, compositions, and morphologies are summarized in which TMOs with improved ORR/OER catalytic activities can be synthesized, further improving the speed, stability, and polarization of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices. Finally, perspectives into the improvement of performance and the better understanding of ORR/OER mechanisms for bifunctional electrocatalysts using in situ spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory calculations are also discussed.
Circulating exosomal miRNAs in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis: New emerging hopes
Authors: Aghabozorgi Amirsaeed S. , Ahangari Najmeh , Eftekhaari Tasnim E. , Torbati Paria N. , Bahiraee Alireza , Ebrahimi Reyhane , Pasdar Alireza 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Standard therapies have failed to significantly increase patients’ survival. Moreover, the majority of conventional screening procedures are ineffective for the diagnosis of CVDs at early stages. Accumulating evidence suggests that numerous cell types release a class of nano‐sized vesicles named exosomes into the extracellular space. Exosomes are widely distributed in various body fluids and contain a number of diverse biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and both mRNA and noncoding RNAs which reflect host‐cell molecular architecture. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which can be found in exosomes, could be taken up by both neighboring and distal cells. Not only has recent evidence indicated the regulatory role of exosomal miRNAs in the pathogenesis of CVD, but it has also been shown that differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in CVDs has made them promising biomarkers for early detection of CVDs. Owing to these remarkable features, exosomal miRNAs have emerged as hot spots in research. This review summarizes the role of exosomal miRNAs in the pathogenesis of CVDs and discusses their potential application in the clinical setting as both therapeutic and diagnostic tools.
lncRNA SNHG1 cooperated with miR‐497/miR‐195‐5p to modify epithelial–mesenchymal transition underlying colorectal cancer exacerbation
Authors: Bai Jinghui , Xu Jian , Zhao Jian , Zhang Rui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOur study was intended to provide evidence for whether long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG1 would accelerate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) course intrinsic in colorectal cancer (CRC) by sponging downstream miR‐497‐5p and miR‐195‐5p. We altogether collected 338 pairs of CRC and noncancerous tissues, and meanwhile purchased five CRC cell lines (i.e., SW480, HCT116, Lovo, CaCO‐2, and HT29) and human embryo intestinal mucosal tissue‐sourced cell line (i.e., CCC‐HIE‐2). The CRC cells as mentioned above were appraised regarding their potencies in proliferation, migration, and invasion, after being transfected with pcDNA3.1‐SNHG1, si‐SNHG1, miR‐195‐5p mimic/inhibitor, and miR‐497‐5p mimic/inhibitor. Eventually, we depended on reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction to assess SNHG1, miR‐497‐5p, and miR‐195‐5p expressions, and the protein levels of EMT‐specific molecules were determined on the strength of western blotting. It seemed that there was a high potential for highly expressed SNHG1 and lowly expressed miR‐497/miR‐195 to symbolize CRC patients’ unfavorable prognosis (p < .05). Concurrently, CRC cells were detected with higher SNHG1 expression and lower miR‐497/miR‐195 expression than CCC‐HIE‐2 cells (p < .05). In addition, the EMT process of CRC cells was facilitated markedly against the contexts of overexpressed SNHG1 and underexpressed miR‐497‐5p/miR‐195‐5p. Intriguingly, the strength of miR‐195‐5p collaborating with miR‐497‐5p in affecting the activity of CRC cells seemed to overweigh that of miR‐497/miR‐195‐5p alone. Besides, both miR‐195‐5p and miR‐497‐5p were subjected to in vivo and in vitro modification of SNHG1 (p < .05). Conclusively, application of lncRNA SNHG1 for treating CRC might be promising, given its dual modulation of miR‐497 and miR‐195 underlying CRC pathogenesis.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Study of Pseudoephedrine for the Temporary Relief of Nasal Congestion in Children With the Common Cold
Authors: Gelotte Cathy K. , Albrecht Helmut H. , Hynson Jennifer , Gallagher Valerie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30‐mg tablets in children aged 6 to 11 years for the temporary relief of nasal congestion due to the common cold. The primary efficacy end point was the weighted sum of the change from baseline in instantaneous nasal congestion severity score over the period from 1 to 8 hours following the first dose of study drug on day 1. Safety assessments included adverse events, sleepiness ratings, and vital signs. Pseudoephedrine was superior to placebo in reducing instantaneous nasal congestion severity in pediatric children over the first 8 hours after dosing on day 1 (least squares mean difference between treatment groups was 1.2; P = .029). Overall, secondary end points associated with nasal congestion were supportive on day 1, whereas secondary end points on day 2 were only numerically favorable. Somnolence was reported in a greater percentage of children on pseudoephedrine compared to placebo (71.9% vs 63.9%), while similar percentages of children in the same respective groups reported insomnia (34.4% and 38.9%) and nervousness (20.0% and 23.6%).Pseudoephedrine provides temporary relief of nasal congestion associated with the common cold in children 6 to <12 years of age at the current over‐the‐counter monograph dose. Multiple dosing of pseudoephedrine for up to 7 days, when given as needed for symptom relief, was generally safe in this population of children with the common cold.
Retrospective investigation of tacrolimus combined with an anti‐tumor necrosis factorα antibody as remission induction therapy for refractory ulcerative colitis: Efficacy, safety, and relapse rate
Authors: Ito Ayumi , Omori Teppei , Nakamura Shinichi , Tokushige Katsutoshi 
Published: July 2019

Background and AimCombined therapy with tacrolimus (TAC) and an anti‐tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) antibody is used to induce remission in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who have not responded to monotherapy with either drug. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of combined therapy, as well as the relapse rate.MethodsCombined therapy was performed to induce remission in UC patients showing an inadequate response to monotherapy with TAC or an anti‐TNFα antibody. The following items were assessed retrospectively: (i) clinical characteristics, (ii) the remission induction rate, (iii) the relapse rate, and (iv) adverse events.ResultsCombined therapy induced remission in 7 of the 12 patients (58.3%). There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the patients with and without the successful induction of remission. However, the number of female patients tended to be higher in the remission group than in the nonremission group. The remission group also showed trends of a lower clinical activity index (Lichtiger index; CAI) on admission and before combined therapy and a lower total dose of prednisolone during hospitalization. The 1‐year relapse rate was 33.3%. Adverse events due to combined therapy included renal impairment (n = 2), tremors (n = 2), influenza (n = 1), and a positive cytomegalovirus antibody test (n = 3). None of these events were serious.ConclusionsCombined therapy was effective in more than half of the patients with refractory UC who had not responded to monotherapy. Our findings suggest that combination therapy may be a new, third option for the treatment of refractory UC.
TANGO2 deficiency as a cause of neurodevelopmental delay with indirect effects on mitochondrial energy metabolism
Authors: Jennions Elizabeth , Hedberg‐Oldfors Carola , Berglund Anna‐Karin , Kollberg Gittan , Törnhage Carl‐Johan , Eklund Erik A. , Oldfors Anders , Verloo Patrick , Vanlander Arnaud V. , De Meirleir Linda , Seneca Sara , Sterky Fredrik H. , Darin Niklas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExome sequencing has recently identified mutations in the gene TANGO2 (transport and Golgi organization 2) as a cause of developmental delay associated with recurrent crises involving rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and metabolic derangements. The disease is not well understood, in part as the cellular function and subcellular localization of the TANGO2 protein remain unknown. Furthermore, the clinical syndrome with its heterogeneity of symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings is still being defined. Here, we describe 11 new cases of TANGO2‐related disease, confirming and further expanding the previously described clinical phenotype. Patients were homozygous or compound heterozygous for previously described exonic deletions or new frameshift, splice site, and missense mutations. All patients showed developmental delay with ataxia, dysarthria, intellectual disability, or signs of spastic diplegia. Of importance, we identify two subjects (aged 12 and 17 years) who have never experienced any overt episode of the catabolism‐induced metabolic crises typical for the disease. Mitochondrial complex II activity was mildly reduced in patients investigated in association with crises but normal in other patients. In one deceased patient, post‐mortem autopsy revealed heterotopic neurons in the cerebral white matter, indicating a possible role for TANGO2 in neuronal migration. Furthermore, we have addressed the subcellular localization of several alternative isoforms of TANGO2, none of which were mitochondrial but instead appeared to have a primarily cytoplasmic localization. Previously described aberrations in Golgi morphology were not observed in cultured skin fibroblasts.
Evaluation of a motion‐robust 2D chemical shift‐encoded technique for R2* and field map quantification in ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRI of the placenta in pregnant rhesus macaques
Authors: Zhu Ante , Reeder Scott B. , Johnson Kevin M. , Nguyen Sydney M. , Golos Thaddeus G. , Shimakawa Ann , Muehler Matthias R. , Francois Christopher J. , Bird Ian M. , Fain Sean B. , Shah Dinesh M. , Wieben Oliver , Hernando Diego 
Published: July 2019

Background3D chemical shift‐encoded (CSE)‐MRI techniques enable assessment of ferumoxytol concentration but are unreliable in the presence of motion.PurposeTo evaluate a motion‐robust 2D‐sequential CSE‐MRI for R2* and B0 mapping in ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRI of the placenta.Study TypeProspective.Animal ModelPregnant rhesus macaques.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T/CSE‐MRI.Assessment2D‐sequential CSE‐MRI was compared with 3D respiratory‐gated CSE‐MRI in placental imaging of 11 anesthetized animals at multiple timepoints before and after ferumoxytol administration, and in ferumoxytol phantoms (0 μg/mL–440 μg/mL). Motion artifacts of CSE‐MRI in 10 pregnant women without ferumoxytol administration were assessed retrospectively by three blinded readers (4‐point Likert scale). The repeatability of CSE‐MRI in seven pregnant women was also prospectively studied.Statistical TestsPlacental R2* and boundary B0 field measurements (ΔB0) were compared between 2D‐sequential and 3D respiratory‐gated CSE‐MRI using linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsIn phantoms, a slope of 0.94 (r2 = 0.99, concordance correlation coefficient ρ = 0.99), and bias of –4.8 s‐1 (limit of agreement [LOA], –41.4 s‐1, +31.8 s‐1) in R2*, and a slope of 1.07 (r2 = 1.00, ρ = 0.99) and bias of 11.4 Hz (LOA –12.0 Hz, +34.8 Hz) in ΔB0 were obtained in 2D CSE‐MRI compared with 3D CSE‐MRI for reference R2* ≤390 s‐1. In animals, a slope of 0.92 (r2 = 0.97, ρ = 0.98) and bias of –2.2 s‐1 (LOA –55.6 s‐1, +51.3 s‐1) in R2*, and a slope of 1.05 (r2 = 0.95, ρ = 0.97) and bias of 0.4 Hz (LOA –9.0 Hz, +9.7 Hz) in ΔB0 were obtained. In humans, motion‐impaired R2* maps in 3D CSE‐MRI (Reader 1: 1.8 ± 0.6, Reader 2: 1.3 ± 0.7, Reader 3: 1.9 ± 0.6), while 2D CSE‐MRI was motion‐free (Reader 1: 2.9 ± 0.3, Reader 2: 3.0 ± 0, Reader 3: 3.0 ± 0). A mean difference of 0.66 s‐1 and coefficient of repeatability of 9.48 s‐1 for placental R2* were observed in the repeated 2D CSE‐MRI.Data Conclusion2D‐sequential CSE‐MRI provides accurate R2* and B0 measurements in ferumoxytol‐enhanced placental MRI of animals in the presence of respiratory motion, and motion‐robustness in human placental imaging.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:580–592.
Rapid quantitative susceptibility mapping of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: De Ashmita , Sun Hongfu , Emery Derek J. , Butcher Kenneth S. , Wilman Alan H. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) offers a means to track iron evolution in hemorrhage. However, standard QSM sequences have long acquisition times and are prone to motion artifact in hemorrhagic patients.PurposeTo minimize motion artifact and acquisition time by performing rapid QSM in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using single‐shot echo planar imaging (EPI).Study TypeProspective method evaluation.Population/SubjectsForty‐five hemorrhages were analyzed from 35 MRI exams obtained between February 2016 and March 2019 from 27 patients (14 male / 13 female, age: 71 ± 12 years) with confirmed primary ICH.Field Strength/Sequence3T; susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) with 4.54‐minute acquisition and 2D single‐shot gradient EPI with 0.45‐minute acquisition.AssessmentSusceptibility maps were constructed from both methods. Measurement of ICH area and mean magnetic susceptibility were made manually by three independent observers. Motion artifacts were quantified using the magnitude signal ratio of artifact‐to‐brain tissue to classify into three categories: mild or no artifact, moderate artifact, or severe artifact. The cutoff for each category was determined by four observers.Statistical TestsPearson's correlation coefficient and paired t‐test using α = 0.05 were used to compare results. Inter‐ and intraclass correlation was used to assess observer variability.ResultsUsing 45 hemorrhages, the ICH regions measured on susceptibility maps obtained from EPI and SWI sequences had high correlation coefficients for area (R2 ≥ 0.97) and mean magnetic susceptibility (R2 ≥ 0.93) for all observers. The artifact‐to‐tissue ratio was significantly higher (P < 0.01) for SWI vs. EPI, and the standard deviation for the SWI method (SD = 0.05) was much larger than EPI (SD = 0.01). All observers' measurements showed high agreement.Data ConclusionSingle‐shot EPI‐QSM enabled rapid measurement of ICH area and mean magnetic susceptibility, with reduced motion as compared with more standard SWI. EPI‐QSM requires minimal additional acquisition time and could be incorporated into iron tracking studies in ICH.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:712–718.
Cosmopolitan A1 lineage of dengue virus serotype 2 is circulating in Pakistan: A study from 2017 dengue viral outbreak
Authors: Ali Amjad , Fatima Zareen , Wahid Braira , Rafique Shazia , Idrees Muhammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDengue viral infection has become a challenge in tropical and subtropical countries where dengue virus is endemic. Its epidemics are occurring at higher rates amid its circulation throughout the year. Since the first documented outbreak in Pakistan in 1994, this region has reported many sporadic cases and epidemics. There is availability of small scale demographic and epidemiological studies on dengue viral infection in Pakistan. The year 2017 witnessed a huge dengue outbreak in Peshawar city of Pakistan with 69 deaths and 24 807 laboratory‐confirmed cases. We suspect that the circulation of a different lineage or genotype could be responsible for the enhanced number of infected patients in Pakistan's 2017 outbreak since previous studies have already described this phenomenon in other countries. For this, we collected 1447 suspected blood samples and their epidemiological data. After serotyping through polymerase chain reaction nine samples of Dengue virus2 (DENV2) were randomly selected and were subjected to Sanger's sequencing for genotyping analysis. The mean distance, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic analysis were carried out using K2 model. The phylogenetic analysis split Pakistani isolates into two lineages, the sequences from 2017 outbreak in Peshawar grouped within A1 lineage of cosmopolitan genotype (IV) of DENV2. The difference in distance, genetic diversity, and amino acids composition strongly back the results that the new lineage is circulating in the region. This is significant as Pakistan is struggling to control dengue epidemics which have caused much loss in both monetary and health sectors.
Intra‐abdominal chylovenous bypass treats retroperitoneal lymphangiomatosis
Authors: Chen Courtney , Chu Sung‐Yu , Lin Chieh , Liu Ken‐Hao , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundRetroperitoneal lymphangiomatosis (RL) is a rare form of primary lymphedema featuring aberrant retroperitoneal lymphatic proliferation. It causes recurrent cellulitis, repeated interventions, and poor life quality. This study aimed to investigate proper diagnositc criteria and surgical outcomes for RL with extremity lymphedema.MethodsBetween 2012 and 2018, 44 primary lower‐extremity lymphedema cases received lymphoscintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging, and single‐photon electron computed tomography to detect RL. RL patients underwent vascularized lymph node transfers (VLNT) for extremity lymphedema and intra‐abdominal side‐to‐end chylovenous bypasses (CVB) for chylous ascites. Complications, CVB patency, and quality of life were evaluated postoperatively.ResultsSix RL patients (mean age of 30.3 years) had chylous ascites with five had lower‐extremity lymphedema. All CVBs remained patent, though one required re‐anastomosis, giving a 100% patency rate. Four unilateral and one bilateral extremity lymphedema underwent six VLNTs with 100% flap survival. Patients reported improved quality of life (P = 0.023), decreased cellulitis incidence (P = 0.041), and improved mean lymphedema circumference (P = 0.043). All patients resumed a normal diet and activity.ConclusionsEvaluating primary lower‐extremity lymphedema patients with MRI and SPECT could reveal a 13.6% prevalence of RL and guide treatment of refractory extremity lymphedema. Intra‐abdominal CVB with VLNT effectively treated RL with chylous ascites and extremity lymphedema.