bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Colorado Needle Electrocautery and Traditional Scalpel for Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty Incision: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pruksapong Chatchai , Jankajorn Suttisun , Burusapat Chairat , Attainsee Akaradech , Wanichjaroen Nutthapong , Wongprakob Nuttadon , Siriwattana Kolid 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Lower eyelid blepharoplasty is one of the most popular aesthetic procedures. Electrocautery provides a hemostatic benefit for skin incision; however, its effect on scar cosmesis remains unclear, particularly in Asian skin types. We compared the Colorado needle electrocautery (pure-cutting mode) versus the traditional scalpel in terms of efficacy, complications, and cosmetic outcomes.

Methods:
A prospective intraindividual randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of Colorado needle electrocautery and scalpel in lower blepharoplasty. The study outcomes were scar quality at different times until 1 year postoperatively, bleeding during incision, and postoperative ecchymosis. Scar quality was evaluated using 3 standard scar ratings: the Vancouver Scar Scale, Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, and Hollander wound evaluation scale.

Results:
The study included 25 patients, and the electrocautery side had less blood loss during incision than the scalpel side (2.6 ± 0.65 versus 5.28 ± 0.68 sticks; P < 0.001). The electrocautery side had less postoperative ecchymosis (P < 0.001); however, 1-year scar quality was not statistically significant between the groups.

Conclusions:
Colorado needle electrocautery pure-cutting mode can be an alternative to the traditional scalpel for lower eyelid blepharoplasty skin incision because of long-term scar quality. Electrocautery also has hemostatic benefits, leading to a decrease in intraoperative and postoperative bleeding.
The Small Finger Reverse Ulnar Digital Artery Hypothenar Palmar Perforator Flap: An Anatomical Study With Clinical Examples
Authors: Kunda Nicholas , Cai Steven B. , Dagum Alexander B. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Local flaps are commonly used for reconstruction of digital soft-tissue defects. There remains a paucity of options available for small finger volar and dorsal soft-tissue defects distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint. The purpose of this study was to analyze perforators along the hypothenar palmar region arising from the artery of the ulnar side of the small finger as it comes off the superficial palmar arch for consistency and potential to be used for perforator-based flap reconstruction of soft-tissue defects and joint coverage of the small finger.

Methods:
Four cadaveric upper extremities were injected with Microfil silicone injection compound. Dissection was performed from the superficial palmar arch to the ulnar digital artery of the small finger, and perforators were identified and analyzed for consistency and utility. Flap elevation was performed based on these perforators in a small finger reverse ulnar digital artery fashion.

Results:
All cadaveric dissections showed a suitable perforator pattern along the hypothenar palmar region with a minimum of 5 perforators available from which to base a flap to address dorsal and volar defects of the small finger. Two clinical examples are presented confirming the viability and utility of this flap.

Conclusions:
A detailed anatomic study with 2 clinical examples of this retrograde pedicle island flap is presented. The small finger reverse ulnar digital artery hypothenar palmar–based perforator flaps are a viable option with a reliable perforator pattern, providing a functional solution for reconstruction of soft-tissue defects and joint coverage of the small finger.
Collaborative Section-Based DNP Project Faculty Workload Model
Authors: Hubbell Sara , Dodson Crystal , Sigmon Lorie , Parker Diane , Young Susan , Culp-Roche Amanda , Reardon Lecia , Duea Stephanie , Wax Erin , O’Brien Coleen , Ford Shannon 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree culminates in the DNP project, a scholarly project aimed at enhancing health care systems aligned with national standards. While DNP projects are valued, they pose challenges due to resource-intensive demands including faculty time and effort.

Problem:
Faculty workload models related to DNP projects have not kept pace with increasing enrollment and program expectations.

Approach:
Consistent with national standards, a large public university convened a task force to examine faculty workload relative to DNP projects and to devise a more equitable and realistic model.

Outcomes:
Task force output led to the creation of the Collaborative Section-Based Faculty Workload Model that resulted in increases in faculty satisfaction, retention, and student mentorship, while maintaining DNP project rigor.

Conclusions:
The Collaborative Section-Based Faculty Workload Model responds to the challenge of balancing DNP project oversight with increasing time demands on faculty and increasing enrollment.
Histological Evaluation of Mandibular Bone After Mandibular Outer Cortex Osteotomy: The Role of the Periosteum
Authors: Cheng Wenjie , Liu Wei , Gui Lai 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
This study investigates the role of the periosteum in the repair and reconstruction process post-osteotomy using histological analysis to provide insights for pediatric craniofacial surgery.

Methods:
Twenty-four 3-month-old miniature pigs were divided into 2 groups. Group I: left mandibular outer cortex and periosteum resection + right mandibular outer cortex resection with periosteum preserved. Group II: left mandibular outer cortex and periosteum resection + no surgery on the right side. Excised the incision skin, bilateral masseter muscles, condyles, and mandible at 4, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining of osteoprotegerin, receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand, bone morphogenetic protein-4, Ki-67, caspase-3, CD3, and CD19.

Results:
Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed no significant differences between the left and right incision skin, masseter muscles, and condyles. The periosteum-preserved side showed better bone healing. Immunohistochemical staining showed early osteogenesis and osteoclast activity on the periosteum-resected side were significantly lower than on the periosteum-preserved side, but gradually enhanced during late-stage healing.

Conclusion:
The periosteum factor is one of the main reasons for mandibular deviation after mandibular outer cortex osteotomy. The periosteum has a dual role in promoting osteogenesis and limiting excessive bone growth.
Clarifying the Relationship Between Orbito-Zygomatic and Mandibular Dysmorphology in Treacher Collins Syndrome
Authors: Wu Meagan , Barnett Sarah L. , Massenburg Benjamin B. , Friedman Leigh M. , Ng Jinggang J. , Romeo Dominic J. , Barrero Carlos E. , Swanson Jordan W. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
This study aims to clarify the relationship between orbito-zygomatic and mandibular dysmorphology as well as their associations with the most frequently observed craniofacial anomalies in patients with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS).

Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed patients with TCS who presented between 2000 and 2023. Patients were included if they had at least one computed tomography scan performed before skeletal reconstruction along with clinical photographs. Serial scans were used to grade degrees of orbito-zygomatic and mandibular dysmorphology using previously published severity scales.

Results:
Ninety hemi-skulls were evaluated among 35 patients at an average age of 5.7±5.6 years. There was a significant positive correlation between the severity of orbito-zygomatic and mandibular hypoplasia (r=0.294, P=0.005). Greater severity of orbito-zygomatic hypoplasia was positively correlated with down-slanting palpebral fissures (r=0.461, P<0.001), ectropion (r=0.381, P<0.001), ptosis (r=0.327, P=0.002), eyelash problems (r=0.268, P=0.011), and eyelid coloboma (r=0.104, P<0.001). Greater severity of mandibular hypoplasia was correlated with intubation or tracheostomy as a neonate (r=0.519, P<0.001), NG tube or gastrotomy (r=0.355, P<0.001), cleft lip and/or palate (r=0.349, P<0.001), and microtia (r=0.304, P=0.004).

Conclusions:
The authors found a positive correlation between (1) severity of orbito-zygomatic and mandibular dysmorphology, (2) severity of orbito-zygomatic hypoplasia and the presence of periorbital deficiencies, and (3) severity of mandibular hypoplasia and history of oropharyngeal airway compromise in patients with TCS. Given the morbidity risk and surgical burden associated with these dysmorphologies, early identification of and anticipation for a greater number of aesthetic and functional challenges based on the severity of underlying skeletal deficiencies is critical.
Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Complications After Prolapse Surgery
Authors: Le Neveu Margot , Marra Emily , Rhodes Stephen , Sheyn David 
Published: November 2024

Importance
Obesity is a risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and independently associated with perioperative complications following prolapse surgery. Although weight loss surgery (WLS) may lead to weight loss and mitigate obesity-related comorbidities, it is associated with chronic malabsorption, which may also lead to increased perioperative complications. There have been no studies evaluating the impact of prior WLS on POP surgery outcomes.

Objective
This study aimed to describe the effect of WLS on complications after POP surgery.

Study Design
We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with obesity who underwent POP surgery and compared outcomes between those with and without a prior history of WLS. Data were procured from the Premier U.S. National Database between January 2000 and March 2020.

Results
Of 22,905 surgical procedures performed for POP, 542 (2.2%) previously underwent WLS with a median of 30 months between procedures (IQR, 15–51). The WLS group had higher rates of postoperative mesh erosion at 3 months (3.0% vs 1.5%, P = 0.0079) and 12 months (3.1% vs 1.8%, P = 0.04) and had higher hematoma incidence (1.7% vs 0.68%, P = 0.014). After adjusting for covariates, WLS was not associated with increased probability of infectious (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.67–1.27) or noninfectious morbidity (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.59–1.75). Rates of recurrent prolapse resulting in surgery were similar between groups (1.7% vs 1.3%, P = 0.56), and time interval between WLS and POP surgical procedures did not affect rates of complications.

Conclusion
WLS does not appear to increase the risk of perioperative complications following surgery for POP.
The extended ‘common cause’: causal links between punctuated evolution and sedimentary processes
Authors: Polly P. David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe common-cause hypothesis says that factors regulating the sedimentary record also exert macroevolutionary controls on speciation, extinction, and biodiversity. I show through computational modeling that common cause factors can, in principle, also control microevolutionary processes of trait evolution. Using Bermuda and its endemic land snailPoecilozonites, I show that the glacial-interglacial sea level cycles that toggle local sedimentation between slow pedogenesis and rapid eolian accumulation could also toggle evolution rates between long slow phases associated with large geographic ranges and short rapid phases associated with small, fragmented ranges and “genetic surfing” events. Patterns produced by this spatially driven process are similar to the punctuated equilibria patterns that Gould inferred from the fossil record of Bermuda, but without speciation or true stasis. Rather, the dynamics of this modeled system mimic a two-rate Brownian motion process (even though the rate parameter is technically constant) in which the contrast in rate and duration of the phases makes the slower one appear static. The link between sedimentation and microevolution in this model is based on a sediment-starved island system, but the principles may apply to any system where physical processes jointly control the areal extents of sedimentary regimes and species distributions.Non-Technical SummaryThe history of life is known from the fossils preserved in the geological record. The common-cause hypothesis suggests that processes like mountain building and sea-level change can affect both the structure of the geological record and species diversity. Using the snails of Bermuda as an example, this paper develops a computational model to show that sea level cycles could affect morphological evolution within species, not just species diversity. As sea level rose on Bermuda, the available snail habitat would have become smaller and more fragmented, which would be expected to drive rapid bursts of genetic drift (the random component of evolutionary change). When sea level fell, the snails’ habitat would have expanded and coalesced, resulting in slower rates of evolution because the total population size would increase. This process would produce an uneven cycle of rapid and slow evolution similar to what paleontologist Steven Gould observed in the fossil snails of Bermuda and led him to propose the theory of punctuated equilibria. While these simulations are focused specifically on an island system, the principles are applicable to other situations suggesting that geological and evolutionary processes may be linked in more ways than previously understood.
Ox-LDL induces a non-inflammatory response enriched for coronary artery disease risk in human endothelial cells
Authors: Jiang Jiahao , Hiron Thomas K. , Chalisey Anil , Malhotra Yashaswat , Agbaedeng Thomas , O’Callaghan Chris A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOxidised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL) is critical in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. While excessive atherogenic lipids in the arterial intima can trigger endothelial dysfunction in advanced lesions, the response of endothelial cells to ox-LDL in the early stages of atherogenesis remains unclear. Here, we conducted a comprehensive, genome-wide multi-omics characterisation of the cellular response to ox-LDL in primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Our results reveal that the exposure of HAECs to ox-LDL leads to pathogenic changes in metabolism, transcriptome and epigenome, but in the absence of a typical inflammatory endothelial phenotype. An integrative analysis implicates the role of AP-1, NFE-2 and CEBP transcription factors in regulating ox-LDL-induced transcription. We further demonstrate that ox-LDL activates endothelial cell migration through the epigenomic rewiring of transcription factor binding. Notably, these ox-LDL-induced dynamic binding sites are enriched for the genetic risk of coronary artery disease, enabling the discovery of the gene-environment interaction of rs62172376 and ox-LDL at theCALCRL/TFPIlocus. Collectively, our findings provide an unbiased understanding of the transcriptional regulation in endothelial cells in response to ox-LDL, together with its interaction with the genetic element of coronary artery disease.
A floor-field model of tau-taxol competition explains tau envelope dynamics on taxol-stabilized microtubules
Authors: Chevalier Carole , Siahaan Valerie , Grover Rahul , Diez Stefan , Santen Ludger 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTau is a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that is highly expressed in neurons. Recent in-vitro studies have shown that tau molecules can segregate into cohesive ‘envelopes’ on paclitaxel (taxol) stabilized microtubules. These envelopes act as selective barriers gating the motor transport and protecting microtubules against the action of severing enzymes. However, the mechanisms underlying the formation of these envelopes remain unclear. Recent in vitro reconstitution assays revealed that the formation of tau envelopes induces a compaction of the underlying microtubule lattice, whereas taxol binding induces lattice expansion, indicating competitive binding between tau and taxol on microtubules. In this study, we use physical modeling to investigate how this competition between tau and taxol regulates the formation of tau envelopes. Our model includes static and dynamic floor-fields, concepts adapted from pedestrian dynamics. By comparing our simulation results with experimental data, we demonstrate that tau-taxol competition on the microtubule lattice is sufficient to explain the features of the formation and disassembly of tau envelopes. Notably, tau-tau interactions are not necessary to account for the steadiness of these envelopes.
Dendritic cells accelerate CAR T cells in irradiated tumors through chimeric synapses
Authors: Navarre Sophia , Ishibashi Maki , Nair Achuth , Reyes-Torres Ivan , Belabed Meriem , Halasz Laszlo , Park Matthew D. , Mattiuz Raphaël , Ounadjela Merouane , Gunset Gertrude , Mansilla-Soto Jorge , Feucht Judith , Cabriolu Annalisa , Berichel Jessica Le , Eyquem Justin , Brown Brian , Merad Miriam , Sadelain Michel , Ahmed Jalal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe persistence of adoptively transferred T cells is vital for anti-tumor efficacy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can persist indefinitely when delivered to patients with B cell cancers and can confer long-term remission. For patients with solid tumors, however, sustaining CAR T cell activity remains a major challenge. This has been attributed in part to the immune microenvironment within solid tumors, though the contribution of specific immune subsets to resistance to CAR T cells is not clear. Here we resolve how the immunology of irradiated tumors dramatically enhances persistence and efficacy of CAR T cells targeted to advanced lung metastases in a syngeneic mouse model. Remarkably, CAR T cell persistence depended critically on dendritic cells (DC) that underwent trogocytic “antigen-dressing” of tumor target antigens and stimulated CAR T cells through the chimeric receptor. Furthermore, tumor irradiation increased antigen-dressing onto DCs. In the absence of functional DCs, CAR T cell activity in irradiated tumor was short-lived and tumors relapsed. These findings establish a critical mechanism through which DCs maintain the CAR T cell pool in irradiated tumors, thus supporting translation of this approach to advance CAR T cell therapy for solid tumors.
Machine learning application to predict binding affinity between peptide containing non-canonical amino acids and HLA0201
Authors: Jiang Shan , Su Zhaoqian , Bloodworth Nathaniel , Liu Yunchao , Martina Cristina , Harrison David G. , Meiler Jens 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClass 1 major histocompatibility complexes (MHC-I), encoded by the highly polymorphic HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes in humans, are expressed on all nucleated cells. Both self and foreign proteins are processed to peptides of 8 to 10 amino acids, loaded into MCH-1 within the endoplasmic reticulum and then presented on the cell surface. Foreign peptides presented in this fashion activate CD8+ T cells and their immunogenicity correlates with their affinity for the MHC-1 binding groove. Thus, predicting antigen binding affinity for MHC-I is a valuable tool for identifying potentially immunogenic antigens. While quite a few predictors for MHC-I binding exist, there are no currently available tools that can predict antigen/MHC-I binding affinity for antigens with explicitly labeled post-translational modifications or unusual/non-canonical amino acids (NCAAs). However, such modifications are increasingly recognized as critical mediators of peptide immunogenicity. In this work, we propose a machine learning application that quantifies the binding affinity of epitopes containing NCAAs to MHC-I and compares its performance with other commonly used regressors. Our model demonstrates robust performance, with 5-fold cross-validation yielding an R2value of 0.477 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.735, indicating strong predictive capability for peptides with NCAAs. This work provides a valuable tool for the computational design and optimization of peptides incorporating NCAAs, potentially accelerating the development of novel peptide-based therapeutics with enhanced properties and efficacy.
The antimycotic 5-fluorocytosine is a virulence inhibitor of uropathogenicEscherichia coliand eradicates biofilm-embedded bacteria synergizing with β-lactams
Authors: Ravishankar Srikanth , Conte Antonietta Lucia , Carrasco Aliaga Stacy Julisa , Baldelli Valerio , Nielsen Karen Leth , Conte Maria Pia , Landini Paolo , Rossi Elio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesBiofilm increases bacterial antibiotic tolerance, posing a challenge for treating biofilm-associated infections in clinical settings. 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), an FDA-approved antifungal and antitumor drug, has been shown to inhibit virulence factor production and biofilm formation in Gram-negative bacteria. This work aims to determine whether 5-FC antivirulence and antibiofilm activity are preserved in clinicalE. coliisolates and to test possible synergies with antibiotics in treating preformed biofilm.Methods5-FC ability to inhibit biofilm formation, disrupt mature biofilm, and modulate virulence determinants was tested on uropathogenicE. coli(UPEC) clinical strains using the Crystal Violet-based biofilm adhesion and minimum biofilm eradication concentration assays. Gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR. The effect on bacterial viability within preformed biofilm was monitored using fluorescein diacetate and by determining colony-forming units in biofilm treated with or without 5-FC and specific antibiotics. Bladder epithelial cell cultures were used to assess the effect of 5-FC on UPEC adherence and cytotoxicity.Results5-FC inhibited biofilm formation in all tested UPEC strains. Gene expression analysis suggested that 5-FC concurrently inhibits the expression of genes encoding curli fibers, a major adhesion factor inE. coli, as well as other virulence determinants such as secreted toxins and type I and P fimbriae. Accordingly, 5-FC reduced UPEC adherence to epithelial cells and promoted host cell survival. Although 5-FC could not disrupt preformed biofilm, combining 5-FC with β-lactams drastically reduced the viability of biofilm-resident bacteria.Conclusions5-FC shows antibiofilm and antivirulence activity against uropathogenicE. colistrains by reducing the expression of several virulence factors and the overall UPEC pathogenic potential. In combination with β-lactams, 5-FC eradicates bacteria within mature biofilms, which are known to be highly refractory to antibiotic treatment. Our data suggest that 5-FC is an excellent candidate for preventing and treating bacterial infections associated with recalcitrant biofilms.
Pupillometry and Whole-Brain c-Fos Mapping Uncover Multimodal Mirror Mechanisms in Emotional Contagion Networks of Mice
Authors: Caldarelli Matteo , Zucca Stefano , Viglione Aurelia , Stella Alessandra , Nisar Rida , Sagona Giulia , Papini Ester Maria , Carrara Fabio , Bovetti Serena , Mazziotti Raffaele , Pizzorusso Tommaso 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEmotional contagion (ECo) represents a fundamental form of empathy. In this study, we used pupillometry to quantify ECo by assessing pupil responses of a mouse watching another mouse receive a tail shock. Pupil dilation effectively measured both direct and vicarious emotional response thresholds at the individual level through psychometric curve analysis. The pupillary ECo response diminished when the observer could not see the demonstrator, suggesting a multisensory process involving vision. Viewing videos of tail-shocked mice was sufficient to elicit a pupil response in the observer. Whole-brain c-Fos mapping revealed a broad network of 88 brain regions activated during ECo, with all areas activated in the demonstrator also engaged in the observer. Additionally, in certain brain regions, correlated activation was detected between each observer-demonstrator pair, indicating that ECo promotes a shared neural state. These findings advance our understanding of the neural basis of empathy, with implications for analyzing neuropsychiatric disorder models.