bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in the Microsurface and Microvascular Features between Early Gastric Cancer of Corpus and Antrum under Narrow Band Imaging Magnifying Endoscopy
Authors: Zhuang Qian , Wang Jing , Luo Shengzheng , Wu Xiaowan , Cheng Jinnian , Qian Yueqin , Gong Xiaoyuan , Zhou Hui , Wan Xinjian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objectives Microsurface structure (MS) and microvascular features (MV) of early gastric cancer (EGC) are associated with the histologic type, invasion depth and macroscopic shape of lesions. However, no studies have reported the differences in the MS and MV features between EGCs of antrum and corpus under magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI).Methods This is a retrospective study including 116 patients with EGC. The characteristics of MS and MV pattern of EGC were evaluated in 2 group, antrum type and corpus type.Results According to the Sakaki’s classification, the MS of EGCs presented as IV, V1 or VI typein in sequence, one level higher than the previous type in the degree of atypia. Tumor location and differentiated degree were identified as independent predictors for MS pattern. For the probability of at least one level higher, in the MS pattern, the corporal EGCs was 5.84 times as high as that of antral EGCs ( χ 2 =9.42, P=0.002, 95%CI 1.89-18.05), and undifferentiated-type lesions was 8.82 times as high as that of the differentiated-type lesions ( χ 2 =11.67, P=0.001, 95%CI 2.53-30.76). No difference in the MV pattern was observed between antral EGCs and corporal EGCs (P=0.7), while the microvascular pattern and microsurface pattern (VS pattern, FNP, ILL-1, ILL-2 and CSP) were significantly different between those 2 groups (P=0.001).Conclusions There are significant differences in the MS and VS pattern of EGC between antrum and corpus types. The antral EGC is less obvious than the corporal EGC, therefore, it is more likely to be missed in clinical gastroscopy.
The challenge of safe anesthesia in developing countries: defining the problems in a medical center in Cambodia
Authors: Tao Kun-ming , Sokha Sann , Yuan Hong-bin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The International Standards for a Safe Practice of Anesthesia (ISSPA) were developed on behalf of the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists and the World Health Organization. It is a good assessment tool that allows anesthetic providers in developing countries to assess their compliance and needs. This study was performed to describe the anesthesia service in one main public hospital during an 8-month medical mission in Cambodia and evaluate its anesthetic safety issues according to the ISSPA. Methods: We conduct a retrospective study involving 1953 patients at the Preah Ket Mealea hospital. Patient demographics, anesthetic techniques, and complications were reviewed according to the registers of the anesthetic services and questionnaires. The inadequacies in personnel, facilities, equipment, medications, and conduct of anesthesia drugs were recorded using a checklist based on the ISSPA. Results: A total of 1792 patients received general and regional anesthesia in the operating room, while 161 patients receiving sedation for gastroscopy. The patients’ mean age was 45.0 ± 16.6 years (range, 17–87 years). The three most common surgical procedures were abdominal (52.0%; confidence interval [CI], 49.3–54.7), orthopedic (27.6%; CI, 25.2–29.9), and urological surgery (14.7%; CI, 12.8–16.6). General anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, and brachial plexus block were performed in 54.3% (CI, 51.7–56.8), 28.2% (CI, 25.9–30.5), and 9.4% (CI, 7.9–10.9) of patients, respectively. One death occurred. Twenty-six items related to professional aspects, monitoring, and conduct of anesthesia did not meet the ISSPA-recommended standards. A lack of commonly used drugs and monitoring equipment was noted, posing major threats to the safety of anesthesia practice, especially in emergency situations. Conclusions: This study adds to the scarce literature on anesthesia practice in low- and middle-income countries such as Cambodia. Future medical assistance should help to strengthen these countries’ inadequacies, allowing for the adoption of international standards for the safe practice of anesthesia.
A novel PCR method targeting staphostatin genes differentiates Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus epidermidis in clinical isolates and nasal microbiome samples
Authors: Ghattas Marina Zoheir , ElRakaiby Marwa Tarek , Aziz Ramy Karam , Zedan Hamdallah H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen associated with community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections, and is known for rapid acquisition of resistance to multiple antibiotics. Staphylococcus epidermidis is another staphylococcal species commonly seen as a commensal, but may cause opportunistic infections. These two closely related species may naturally co-colonize and inhabit the human skin and nose; thus it is important to develop methods to differentiate between them. Conventional differentiation methods (e.g., mannitol salt agar, coagulase test, Analytical Profile Index kits) require culturing and isolating the bacteria, while molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or sequencing are culture independent, highly accurate, and sensitive. They may be objectively interpreted and can be adapted for high-throughput assays. Here, we aimed to develop a rapid and accurate method to differentiate mixtures of S. aureus and S. epidermidis in clinical isolates and microbiome samples. Using comparative genomics tools (e.g., MetaRef and PATRIC bioinformatics resource center), we compared the core and pan genomes of S. aureus and S. epidermidis to determine signature genes for each species. Among candidate genes, we chose the virulence genes, staphostatin B and staphostatin A as genetic biomarkers for S. aureus and S. epidermidis, respectively. We designed PCR primers that target specific sequences within each gene and tested them on DNA isolated from laboratory strains, clinical isolates, nasal isolates, and nasal swabs. Our developed method is simple, specific, sensitive, and can be applied to metagenomic samples as well as competition or co-evolution studies in which the two organisms are co-cultured.
DENİZYOLUYLA TAŞINAN EŞYALARIN GEÇ TESLİMİ HALİNDE YAPILMASI GEREKEN BİLDİRİME İLİŞKİN DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: TAŞKIN Melda 
Published: August 2019

Denizyolu ile eşya taşıma
sözleşmesinde taşıyan aynı zamanda eşyayı gecikmeksizin teslim etmekle de
yükümlüdür. Lahey Kuralları’nda veya Lahey - Visby Kuralları’nda taşıyanın
eşyanın zıyaından ve hasarından
sorumluluğu düzenlenmiş; geç teslimden ileri gelen sorumluluğa ilişkin bir
hükme yer verilmemiştir. Eşyanın geç tesliminden sorumluluğunun ilk defa özel
olarak düzenlendiği uluslararası belge Hamburg Kuralları’dır. Diğer taraftan,
eski Türk Ticaret Kanunu’ndan farklı olarak, 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret
Kanunu’nda, taşıyanın eşyanın geç tesliminden sorumluluğuna ilişkin özel bir
düzenleme yer almaktadır. Bu çerçevede, TTK m.1185’te, gönderilenin eşyanın geç
teslim edildiği hususunda taşıyana yapması gereken bildirime ilişkin temel
esaslar düzenlenmiştir. Hamburg Kuralları’ndan tercüme edilmek suretiyle Türk
Ticaret Kanunu’na aynen aktarılan bu hükmün geç teslim bildirimine ilişkin bazı
boşluklar ihtiva ettiğini söylemek mümkündür. Çalışmada, eşyanın zamanında
teslim edilmemesi halinde yapılacak bildirime ilişkin bazı hususlar, TTK
m.1185’teki hükmün (ve hükmün mehazı olan Hamburg Kuralları Art. 19 / 5’in)
ihdas edilme amacı ve Türk Borçlar Kanunu’ndaki temel esaslar çerçevesinde
incelenmiştir.
The Relevance of Al-Ghazali’s Tazkiyatun-Nafs Concept With Islamic Education in The Millennial Era.
Authors: Musrifah Musrifah 
Published: August 2019

<p>This study aims to know the relevance of Al-Ghazali’s <em>tazkiyatun-nafs</em> concept to Islamic education. This study uses the library research method with content analysis. The results showed that there were two relevance of al Ghazali's thinking about<em> tazkiyatunnafs</em> towards Islamic Education, namely <em>first</em>, that the purity of soul (<em>tazkiyatun nafs</em>) in Islamic education became a basic and very important thing for students to acquire useful knowledge. Science comes from Allah Swt The Most Holy. <em>Second</em>, A healthy soul as a result of <em>tazkiyatun-nafs</em> is the key to the success of students amid the millennial life that has a very rapid change through information technology</p><p><strong>Abstrak </strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui relevansi konsep <em>tazkiyatun-nafs</em> Al-Ghazali dengan pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode <em>library research </em>dengan <em>content analysis. </em> Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Relevansi pemikiran al Ghazali tentang <em>tazkiyatunnafs</em> terhadap Pendidikan Islam di era millennial ada dua yaitu <em>pertama,</em> kebersihan jiwa (<em>tazkiyatun nafs</em>) al Ghazali dalam pendidikan Islam menjadi hal yang bersifat dasar dan sangat penting untuk dimiliki anak didik agar memperolah ilmu yang bermanfaat. Karena Ilmu itu datangnya dari Allah Swt yang Maha Suci, shalatnya jiwa, dan peribadatannya batin kepada Allah Swt. <em>Kedua</em>, jiwa yang sehat hasil dari <em>tazkiyatun-nafs</em> merupakan kunci bagi kesuksesan anak didik ditengah kehidupan millennial yang mempunyai sifat perubahan yang sangat cepat melalui teknologi informasi</p><p><br /><strong><em></em></strong></p>
Frailty among HIV-1 Infected Adults under Antiretroviral Therapy in Indonesia
Authors: Wulunggono Wulunggono , Yunihastuti Evy , Shatri Hamzah , Wahyudi Edy Rizal , Ophinni Youdiil 
Published: August 2019

Background:Increasing age of HIV-1 infected population brought about the risk of frailty as comorbidity, whose prevalence is higher in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Indonesia as an LMIC also bears a major burden of HIV-1 epidemic with a similarly aging population, but the prevalence of frailty and its predictors are unknown.Objectives:To identify the prevalence of frailty and analyze its associated factors, among HIV-1 infected adults under antiretroviral therapy in Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected individuals with inclusion criteria of age ≥30 years old and underwent ART for at least 6 months. The main assessment was done using Fried’s frailty phenotype score, which categorizes subjects into non-frail, pre-frail, or frail. Factors associated with frailty were characterized and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.Results:A total of 164 subjects were recruited; male subjects were 118 (72%), the median age was 40.5 years old, and the median CD4 nadir was 53 cells/μl. Frailty was identified among 90 (54.9%) subjects with 84 (51.2%) identified as pre-frail and 6 (3.7%) as frail, with dominant frailty phenotype was weakness in grip strength. The multivariate model showed that depression was the only factor significantly correlated with pre-frailty and frailty (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.04-4.43, p=0.036).Conclusion:Frailty is a common occurrence among HIV-infected patients under ART, with depression as an independent predictive factor.
Harnessing Stem Cell Potential for the Treatment of Erectile Function in Men with Diabetes Mellitus: From Preclinical/Clinical Perspectives to Penile Tissue Engineering
Authors: Gur Serap , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. 
Published: August 2019

Background::According to the World Health Organization, more than 150 million people are diabetic, and this number will increase twofold by the year 2025. Diabetes-related complications affect all body organ systems, including the penis. Diabetes-induced Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is caused by neuropathy of the penile nerves and vasculopathy involving the smooth muscle and endothelium of the corpus cavernosum.Objective::This study aims to present an overview of Stem Cell (SC) research in diabetic animal models of ED, focusing on the function, signaling, and niches that have a prominent role in the regeneration of cavernosal cells and penile tissues. We highlight common erectile pathologies caused by diabetes and review relevant preclinical trials. We also discuss paracrine mechanisms of various SC therapies involved in the repair of endothelial cells and cavernous nerves in these diabetic models.Method::A PubMed search was performed, with dates ranging from inception until Mar 31, 2019.Results::This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the various strategies that have been investigated for improving SC delivery methods, through preclinical literature and published clinical trials regarding ED in men with diabetes. Various cell-type applications have benefited erectile function in diabetic models of ED.Conclusion::This review examines the progress and remaining challenges in diabetes-related SC research regarding ED. Moving forward, it is only with a combined effort of basic biology and translational work that the potential of SC-based therapies in diabetes in ED can be realized.
Preparation and Biological Evaluation of 67Gallium- Labeled Iranian Hemiscorpius Lepturus Scorpion Venom
Authors: Jalali Amir , Zahmatkesh Mona Haddad , Jalilian Amir Reza , Borujeni Amir Taheri , Alirezapour Behrouz 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The Hemiscorpius lepturus (H. lepturus) is a deadly scorpion species living in
the southern Iran.

Objective:
H. lepturus induces delayed toxicity symptoms and understanding the long term biodistribution/
biokinetic of the venom is of great interest in toxicology.

Methods:
A Ga-67 labeled venom was prepared using a DOTA -conjugated venom followed by radiolabeling
using 67GaCl3 at 40°C for 90 min. The purification of the radiolabeled venom was performed
using size exclusion-chromatography (radiochemical purity 71%). The radiolabeled venom was stable
in the final solution in the presence of human serum at 37°C for 72 hours. The tissue distribution was
studied in blood, heart, liver, spleen, muscle, brain, kidney, intestine and skin tissues at the intervals of
1, 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours using tissue counting and SPECT imaging.

Results:
The radiolabeled venom mixture obtained with an estimated molar activity of 0.52 MBq/μg.
The main accumulation tissues during the first 72 hours were kidneys, blood, liver, intestines, stomach
and skin, respectively. Therefore, it is likely that H. lepturus’ clinical effects and renal toxicity are
primary and caused by direct effects of the H. lepturus venom.

Conclusion:
The results have largely shown the direct clinical effects on the studied tissues during the
72-hour period and antivenom administration can strongly alleviate the toxicity effects as early as 72
hours in the management of the patients.
APPLICATION OF MODELS OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS FIRE FIGHTING RESCUE UNITS
Authors: Stepanov O. I. , Khudyakova S. A. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives It was proposed to review the structure of the fire and rescue divisions management system, based on the decomposition of the forces and means of the subdivisions into fire extinguishing positions and ensuring fire extinguishing actions.Method The structural and functional model of the development of the fire and rescue divisions management system has been clarified, which allows to present the stages of the development of the system as components of a single fire extinguishing process. The reasons for the lack of information about the situation at the site of a fire in a person who makes management decisions regarding the forces and means of fire and rescue units are given.Result The analysis of information about the situation at the place of fire consumed by the person making management decisions. The structure of the database of the object of possible fire as a source of design parameters for the system of information and analytical support for the management of fire and rescue units is given. The structure of the settlement module of the system of information and analytical support for the management of fire and rescue units in the organization of extinguishing fires in buildings is proposed. The conditions for the interaction of the person making management decisions in relation to the forces and means of fire and rescue divisions with the software of management support systems and documents of preliminary planning of actions of the divisions for fighting fires and conducting rescue operations are given.Conclusion The software implementation of the models of information and analytical support systems for the management of fire and rescue units makes it possible to formalize the process of researching the fires that have occurred. The direction of perspective integration of models of information and analytical systems support systems for fire and rescue units in their activities is given.
NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR CALCULATION ALGORITHM FOR THIN-WALLED SYSTEMS
Authors: Murtazaliev G. M. , Payzulaev M. M. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives The emergence of modern high-strength materials leads to the creation of thin-walled structures in various fields of technology. To obtain the necessary information about their behavior under load, one should analyze all the characteristic features encountered at all stages of their loading - at the initial (initial) stage of their operation, taking into account one or more types of nonlinearities, find possible critical states and, depending on the type of stability loss, study the nature of the initial stage of postcritical deformation. Based on an algorithm combining approximate analytical and numerical methods, the article solves the model problem — studying the behavior of a thin-walled spherical shell under load.Method. The study is based on solving the nonlinear problem of determining the stress-strain state at the initial - axisymmetric stage of work; critical (bifurcation) load values; analysis of the nature of post-bifurcation behavior. The work uses a variant of the general theory of stability and postcritical behavior of structures previously developed by V.T. Coiter.Result. The solution of such a general problem associated with discontinuous phenomena is carried out on the basis of mathematical ideas formulated in the theory of branching solutions of nonlinear equations. The values of the coefficients characterizing the initial stage of the post-bifurcation behavior of the shells and, from a practical point of view, the relations between the critical and limiting values of the loads are obtained. It is shown that depending on the area of the shell surface part loaded by the distributed load, the nature of the initial stage of postcritical deformation changes not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively.Conclusion. The most effective in solving problems associated with discontinuous phenomena are combinations of approximate analytical ones - catastrophe theory and numerical methods that do not require complex, timeconsuming and significant amounts of computation. Analysis of the initial stage of the postbifurcation behavior of structures allows us to assess the degree of danger of reaching a critical state, which is achieved by taking into account the values of the corresponding reliability coefficients in the calculations.
ANALYSIS OF ERROR DISTRIBUTION DENSITY IN DETERMINING THE COORDINATES OF EARTHING EARTH IN THE METHODS OF SPHERES AND ELLIPSOIDS
Authors: Aslanov T. G. , Musaeva U. A. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives The purpose of the study is to obtain an expression for determining the coordinates of the earthquake focus using the ellipsoid method, as well as testing the possibility of using the method using the figures of the second order of the ellipsoid during the initial determination of the coordinates of the earthquake hypocenter.Method A comparative analysis of the probability density of errors in the hypocentral zone of the earth's surface, in combination with various spheres, ellipsoid and hyperboloid and ellipsoids, is carried out.Result Obtained an expression for determining the coordinates of the earthquake focus by the method of ellipsoids, as well as the density of the distribution of error probabilities in the determination of the earthquake hypocenter the in calculations by the method of spheres, by the combined method of spheres, hyperboloid and ellipsoid, and also by the method of ellipsoids.Conclusion Methods used to determine the coordinates of the hypocenter ellipsoid, have large errors in comparison with the method of areas. This can explained by the fact that in determining the coordinates of the hypocenter in the sphere method, three errors are used in determining the difference in the travel times of seismic waves, while in the ellipsoid method and the combined method of the sphere of the ellipsoid and hyperboloid have four errors, which introduces final errors in the distribution. All the obtained dependences of the error distribution have the form close to the Cauchy distribution.
The Journey of Cultural Heritage Protection as a Common Goal for Human Kind: Rosenberg to Al-Mahdi
Authors: Roman Erez 
Published: August 2019

This paper intends to examine and analyse the role, if any, played by motive and intent in the legal qualification and prosecution of cultural heritage destruction. The ongoing power struggles in the Near-East and the Northern Africa regions have had devastating effects on the people living in the region as well as on cultural heritage sites. Nevertheless, such conflict-related destruction of cultural heritage is not new, as exemplified by the persecution of Jews prior to the Second World War. Different legal instruments such as the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2347 were adopted to protect cultural heritage barring importance for all of humankind. By comparing these instruments and assessing different cases, I will study the evolving role of these factors in the legal qualification and prosecution of cultural heritage destruction. As such acts continue to take place in countries such as Syria and Afghanistan and cause the destruction of a millennium’s worth of cultural memorabilia, a better understanding of the reasons behind such occurrences is key to effective prosecution.
La gestión compartida en los programas de conservación de especies amenazadas en México; mecanismos y actores.
Authors: Alderete-Domínguez Rubí Fabiola , Ortega-Argueta Alejandro , Bello Baltazar Eduardo , Naranjo Piñera Eduardo Jorge 
Published: August 2019

<p>En este estudio se analizó el esquema de estructura participativa de dos programas gubernamentales de conservación para especies amenazadas en México; se evaluó la organización y operación en red y otras formas de acción colectiva mediante el método de presencia-ausencia, así como del uso redes sociales y de contenido, con base en entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se pudo observar que las redes son descentralizadas, conformadas por diversos grupos de actores, cuya participación es crucial para implementar los programas de investigación científica. También se pudo advertir que en el caso de los actores que colaboran con el gobierno, suelen ocupar roles de liderazgo, con el posible riesgo de que sobrepongan intereses propios a los establecidos por los programas. Se identificó que la operación de estos últimos enfrenta obstáculos tales como la limitación de financiamiento gubernamental y la rigidez de los lineamientos legales internos que afectan la apertura de las redes a nuevos miembros.</p>
AUTORIA – NO RISCO DAQUILO QUE ESCAPA À ESTABILIDADE
Authors: Abreu Ana Silvia Couto de 
Published: August 2019

O processo de autoria é marcado por condições de produção, que se constituem enquanto injunções de diversas ordens, incluindo aí aquilo que falha. Tomamos a regulação da autoria como uma dessas condições de produção, trazendo os embates discursivos e, portanto, políticos que se estabelecem no funcionamento do discurso jurídico, com a produção de apagamentos, preenchimentos do que é tido como furo; embates que se instauram na busca pela estabilização de certos sentidos, envolvendo diversas instâncias da sociedade, sendo que é justamente nesse jogo entre estabilidade e deriva que há deslocamentos possíveis.