bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grip strength predicts cardiac adverse events in patients with cardiac disorders: an individual patient pooled meta-analysis
Authors: Pavasini Rita , Serenelli Matteo , Celis-Morales Carlos A , Gray Stuart R , Izawa Kazuhiro P , Watanabe Satoshi , Colin-Ramirez Eloisa , Castillo-Martínez Lilia , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Hanatani Shinsuke , Onoue Yoshiro , Tsujita Kenichi , Macdonald Peter S , Jha Sunita R , Roger Véronique L , Manemann Sheila M , Sanchis Juan , Ruiz Vicente , Bugani Giulia , Tonet Elisabetta , Ferrari Roberto , Volpato Stefano , Campo Gianluca 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveGrip strength is a well-characterised measure of weakness and of poor muscle performance, but there is a lack of consensus on its prognostic implications in terms of cardiac adverse events in patients with cardiac disorders.MethodsArticles were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, BioMed Central and EMBASE. The main inclusion criteria were patients with cardiac disorders (ischaemic heart disease, heart failure (HF), cardiomyopathies, valvulopathies, arrhythmias); evaluation of grip strength by handheld dynamometer; and relation between grip strength and outcomes. The endpoints of the study were cardiac death, all-cause mortality, hospital admission for HF, cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and myocardial infarction (MI). Data of interest were retrieved from the articles and after contact with authors, and then pooled in an individual patient meta-analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to define predictors of outcomes.ResultsOverall, 23 480 patients were included from 7 studies. The mean age was 62.3±6.9 years and 70% were male. The mean follow-up was 2.82±1.7 years. After multivariate analysis grip strength (difference of 5 kg, 5× kg) emerged as an independent predictor of cardiac death (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.89, p<0.0001), all-cause death (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.89, p<0.0001) and hospital admission for HF (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.92, p<0.0001). On the contrary, we did not find any relationship between grip strength and occurrence of MI or CVA.ConclusionIn patients with cardiac disorders, grip strength predicted cardiac death, all-cause death and hospital admission for HF.Trial registration numberCRD42015025280.
Risk classification in primary prevention of CVD according to QRISK2 and JBS3 ‘heart age’, and prevalence of elevated high-sensitivity C reactive protein in the UK cohort of the EURIKA study
Authors: Johns Ieuan , Moschonas Konstantinos E , Medina Jesús , Ossei-Gerning Nicholas , Kassianos George , Halcox Julian P 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesThis study assessed cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk classification according to QRISK2, JBS3 ‘heart age’ and the prevalence of elevated high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) in UK primary prevention patients.MethodThe European Study on Cardiovascular Prevention and Management in Usual Daily Practice (EURIKA) (NCT00882336) was a cross-sectional study conducted in 12 European countries. 673 UK outpatients aged ≥50 years, without clinical CVD but with at least one conventional CVD risk factor, were recruited. 10-year CVD risk was calculated using QRISK2. JBS3 ‘heart age’ and hsCRP level were assessed according to risk category.ResultsQRISK2 and JBS3 heart age was calculated for 285 of the 305 patients free from diabetes mellitus and not receiving a statin. QRISK2 classified 28%, 39% and 33% of patients as low (<10%), intermediate (10% to <20%) and high (≥20%) risk, respectively. Two-thirds of low-risk patients and half of intermediate-risk patients had a heart age≥5 years and≥10 years higher than their chronological age, respectively. Half of low-risk patients had hsCRP levels ≥2 mg/L and approximately 40% had levels ≥3 mg/L. Approximately 80% of low-risk patients had both elevated hsCRP and heart age relative to their chronological age.ConclusionsAlmost 40% more patients in this ‘at risk’ group would be eligible for statin therapy following the lowering of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence treatment threshold to ≥10% 10-year risk. Of patients falling below this treatment threshold, almost all were at increased lifetime risk as measured by JBS3, and of these, the majority had elevated hsCRP levels. These patients with high absolute risk may benefit from early primary CVD prevention.
An improved car-following model considering the impact of safety messages
Authors: Li Tenglong , Hui Fei , Zhao Xiangmo 
Published: November 2018

The existing car-following models of connected vehicles commonly lack experimental data as evidence. In this paper, a Gray correlation analysis is conducted to explore the change in driving behavior with safety messages. The data mining analysis shows that the dominant factor of car-following behavior is headway with no safety message, whereas the velocity difference between the leading and following vehicle becomes the dominant factor when warning messages are received. According to this result, an extended car-following model considering the impact of safety messages (IOSM) is proposed based on the full velocity difference (FVD) model. The stability criterion of this new model is then obtained through a linear stability analysis. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical analysis results. Both analytical and simulation results show that traffic congestion can be suppressed by safety messages. However, the IOSM model is slightly less stable than the FVD model if the average headway in traffic flow is approximately 14–20 m.
O corpo materno como provocação entre o público e o privado
Authors: Abreu Mariela Lamberti de 
Published: November 2018

O artigo se propõe a pensar na dualidade público-privado sob a ótica da crítica feminista, inclusive questionando essa separação e apresentando diferentes argumentos de algumas autoras. Com isso, pretende-se encontrar pontos de interseção com uma performance artística criada também para provocar e questionar as paredes que separam a casa da rua, que põe a mulher quase como refém da lógica das teorias políticas liberais, hierarquizando a vida pública e a vida privada com critérios bastante segregadores.
Palavras-chave: Corpo Materno, Público, Privado, Feminismo.
Impacts of Radiation and Upper-Tropospheric Temperatures on Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity
Authors: Trabing Benjamin C. , Bell Michael M. , Brown Bonnie R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Potential intensity theory predicts that the upper-tropospheric temperature acts as an important constraint on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity. The physical mechanisms through which the upper troposphere impacts TC intensity and structure have not been fully explored, however, due in part to limited observations and the complex interactions between clouds, radiation, and TC dynamics. In this study, idealized Weather Research and Forecasting Model ensembles initialized with a combination of three different tropopause temperatures and with no radiation, longwave radiation only, and full diurnal radiation are used to examine the physical mechanisms in the TC–upper-tropospheric temperature relationship on weather time scales. Simulated TC intensity and structure are strongly sensitive to colder tropopause temperatures using only longwave radiation, but are less sensitive using full radiation and no radiation. Colder tropopause temperatures result in deeper convection and increased ice mass aloft in all cases, but are more intense only when radiation was included. Deeper convection leads to increased local longwave cooling rates but reduced top-of-the-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation, such that the total radiative heat sink is reduced from a Carnot engine perspective in stronger storms. We hypothesize that a balanced response in the secondary circulation described by the Eliassen equation arises from upper-troposphere radiative cooling anomalies that lead to stronger tangential winds. The results of this study further suggest that radiation and cloud–radiative feedbacks have important impacts on weather time scales.
Spatiotemporal Changes in Precipitation Extremes over Canada and Their Teleconnections to Large-Scale Climate Patterns
Authors: Yang Yang , Gan Thian Yew , Tan Xuezhi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the past few decades, there have been more extreme climate events occurring worldwide, including Canada, which has also suffered from many extreme precipitation events. In this paper, trend analysis, probability distribution functions, principal component analysis, and wavelet analysis were used to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of extreme precipitation events of Canada. Ten extreme precipitation indices were calculated using long-term daily precipitation data (1950–2012) from 164 Canadian gauging stations. Several large-scale climate patterns such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), Pacific–North American (PNA), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) were selected to analyze the relationships between extreme precipitation and climate indices. Convective available potential energy (CAPE), specific humidity, and surface temperature were employed to investigate potential causes of trends in extreme precipitation. The results reveal statistically significant positive trends for most extreme precipitation indices, which means that extreme precipitation of Canada has generally become more severe since the mid-twentieth century. The majority of indices display more increasing trends along the southern border of Canada while decreasing trends dominated the central Canadian Prairies. In addition, strong teleconnections are found between extreme precipitation and climate indices, but the effects of climate patterns differ from region to region. Furthermore, complex interactions of climate patterns with synoptic atmospheric circulations can also affect precipitation variability, and changes to the summer and winter extreme precipitation could be explained more by the thermodynamic impact and the combined thermodynamic and dynamic effects, respectively. The seasonal CAPE, specific humidity, and temperature are correlated to Canadian extreme precipitation, but the correlations are season dependent, which could be positive or negative.
Global Climatologies of Fronts, Airmass Boundaries, and Airstream Boundaries: Why the Definition of “Front” Matters
Authors: Thomas Carl M. , Schultz David M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractClimatologies of fronts, airmass boundaries, and airstream boundaries can be calculated using automated approaches on gridded data. Such approaches may require choices to define a front, including a quantity (or quantities) to diagnose the front, a mathematical function(s) that operates upon the quantity to produce a diagnostic field, a level(s) at which the field is calculated, and a minimum threshold(s) in the magnitude of the field. To understand how resulting climatologies depend upon these choices using a consistent dataset, ERA-Interim reanalyses from 1979 to 2016 are used to construct global monthly climatologies for various definitions of fronts and airstream boundaries from potential temperature, equivalent potential temperature, water vapor mixing ratio, and wind, including gradients, thermal front parameter, frontogenesis, and asymptotic contraction rate at the surface and 850 hPa. Maps of automated fronts are similar to manual analyses when about 10% of the map is identified as a front. Definitions of fronts that use potential temperature or frontogenesis produce climatologies similar to those of manually analyzed fronts with maxima along the major storm tracks and their seasonal migrations. In contrast, definitions that use equivalent potential temperature or the thermal front parameter produce fewer fronts at higher latitudes and more fronts at lower latitudes, more akin to airmass boundaries than fronts. Although surface fronts defined by thermodynamic quantities are more infrequent over the oceans than at 850 hPa, they are more frequent when using metrics that include the wind field (e.g., frontogenesis, asymptotic contraction rate).
Central and Peripheral Cues to Difficulty in a Dynamic Task
Authors: Vangsness Lisa , Young Michael 
Published: November 2018

Objective: We used this experiment to determine the degree to which cues to difficulty are used to make judgments of difficulty (JODs). Background: Traditional approaches involve seeking to standardize the information people used to evaluate subjective workload; however, it is likely that conscious and unconscious cues underlie peoples’ JODs. Method: We designed a video game task that tested the degree to which time-on-task, performance-based feedback, and central cues to difficulty informed JODs. These relationships were modeled along five continuous dimensions of difficulty. Results: Central cues most strongly contributed to JODs; judgments were supplemented by peripheral cues (performance-based feedback and time-on-task) even though these cues were not always valid. In addition, participants became more likely to rate the task as “easier” over time. Conclusion: Although central cues are strong predictors of task difficulty, people confuse task difficulty (central cues), effort allocation and skill (performance-based feedback), and proxy cues to difficulty (time) when making JODs. Application: Identifying the functional relationships between cues to difficulty and JODs will provide valuable insight regarding the information that people use to evaluate tasks and to make decisions.
Marketing and Economic Development
Authors: Drucker Peter F. 
Published: November 2018

In the “underdeveloped” countries of the world, the more “glamorous” fields such as manufacturing or construction are generally high-lighted while marketing is treated with neglect, if not with contempt. Yet marketing holds a key position in these countries. It is generally the most backward of all areas of economic life. Marketing is also the most effective engine of economic development, particularly in its ability rapidly to develop entrepreneurs and managers. And it contributes what is the greatest need of an “underdeveloped” country: a systematic discipline in a vital area of economic activity … a discipline which is based on generalized, theoretical concepts and which can, therefore, be both taught and learned.
Public Relations and the Challenge of the Marketing Revolution
Authors: Lesly Philip 
Published: November 2018

The author, a public-relations expert, believes that the consumer is in control of the market place today … and that the consumer is seeking psychological satisfactions more than physical necessities. With a major shift occurring in motivations, formerly effective sales and advertising appeals are losing potency, and subtle techniques of influencing attitudes are becoming more essential. It is no wonder that techniques of public relations—sensing of public attitudes and conveying of ideas to the public through indirect means—are growing in importance in many marketing programs. Mr. Lesly points out how the techniques of public relations may be effectively used.
Dealing with Missing Information in Surveys
Authors: Lansing John B. , Eapen A. T. 
Published: November 2018

In every survey based on a probability sample the problem arises of missing information, in addition to problems of sampling error and response error. Entire interviews may be missing because of non-response (refusals, not-at-homes, etc.) or because dwelling units which should have been in the sample were missed. An interview may be taken with one designated respondent in a family but not with others. Also, interviews may be incomplete. This article explains the techniques that can be employed to deal with missing information.
A New Way to Determine Buying Decisions
Authors: Pessemier Edgar A. 
Published: November 2018

Better understanding of consumer behavior is one of the principal problems of marketing management. Therefore, the research technique described in this article should be of considerable interest, because it provides valuable insights into consumer conduct. By analyzing how shoppers behave under simulated market conditions, brand-switching and brand-loyalty patterns can be analyzed. Further development of the technique described could be particularly valuable in shaping a firm's marketing strategy.
Respectability for Marketing?
Authors: Borton William M. 
Published: November 2018

Is it the highest mission of marketers to switch buyers to their particular brand? Or to induce people to buy and consume more and still more goods? The author of this article wonders: How useful is this mission? To how much respect does it entitle marketers? Are they anxious enough for social approval to assume more social responsibility? The writer likens marketing to an “adolescent giant”—anxious for approval, but torn between selfishness, materialism, and altruism. But he believes that marketing will mature into a more helpful, effective, and respected member of society.
The Forum…: Patterns of Food Preferences through Factor Analysis
Authors: Pilgrim Francis J. , Kamen Joseph M. 
Published: November 2018

The fact that preferences for different foods are correlated suggests the existence of underlying psychological dimensions. Studies of soldiers’ food preferences revealed certain basic dimensions of food preference. Some factors consisted of a generalized liking for certain conventional food classes such as fruits or desserts, but other preference factors tended to cut across food classes or were only a small part of a class.
The ABCs of ARF'S Farm
Authors: Lucas Darrell B. 
Published: November 2018

The Advertising Research Foundation in 1955 conducted an experimental study of advertising research methods which is probably the finest example published in this field. A Committee, known as the Printed Advertising Rating Methods Committee (PARM), expended over $100,000 duplicating the field methods of the two leading commercial research companies working on printed advertising, namely, Daniel Starch and Staff and Gallup & Robinson, Inc. PARM designed and supervised the study, then tabulated and presented the numerical findings. The Committee did not attempt to present an official interpretation of the findings or to make specific recommendations. Instead, ARF invited all interested advertising research people to make their own analyses and interpretations. After five years, this is the first attempt at a comprehensive published response to the Committee's invitation.
Pinpointing Prospects for Industrial Sales
Authors: Hummel Francis E. 
Published: November 2018

The primary job of sales management is to get the salesman to the right place, at the right time, and with the right information to make a sale. In marketing industrial goods, what is the “right place?” This article describes an organized research approach to determine new prospects for an industrial firm. It is based on use of the Standard Industrial Classification System to predetermine those industrial firms that afford the greatest potential of becoming future customers. Four different methods of determining new industrial prospects are described; industrial directories, surveys, trade-show attendance lists, and promotional inquiries.
Intentions to Purchase Related to Consumer Characteristics
Authors: Namias Jean 
Published: November 2018

An earlier article by the same author in the JOURNAL OF MARKETING studied fulfillment of intentions to buy, or not to buy, as a function of income, liquid assets, personal debt, attitudes about one's own financial situation, optimism about market conditions, residence in cities, towns, or open country, and by size of family. It was found, for example, that the greatest number of buyers of household durables comes from consumers who at first do not plan to buy, but later change their minds and do buy. The present article studies fulfillment of intention to buy as a function of expectation of price changes, age, geographic region, and a combination of occupation, education, and income.
Early Prediction of Market Success for New Grocery Products
Authors: Fourt Louis A. , Woodlock Joseph W. 
Published: November 2018

This article describes novel methods of using consumer panel statistics to predict the success of new grocery products. Since about four out of five such products fail, even modest improvements in early identification of successes is important. The authors show how greater attention to successive waves of repeat buying and to intervals between purchases make significant improvement practical. They link these somewhat neglected statistics to a mathematical model of penetration.
The Sales Territory as a Fixed Asset
Authors: Schiff Michael 
Published: November 2018

The sales territory or district should be viewed as a decentralized unit of the firm managed to produce a profit on the assets employed therein. This profit center view usually stresses profits but ignores the fundamental asset—the value of the territory itself. The author urges that we depart from conventional financial practice and assign a value to the sales territory, thus permitting more effective evaluation of performance and decision making.
Channels of Distribution for Consumer Goods in Egypt
Authors: Boyd Harper W. , El Sherbini Abdel Aziz , Sherif Ahmed Fouad 
Published: November 2018

Channels of distribution are especially important in the economic life of an underdeveloped country like Egypt, because manufacturers typically delegate their marketing activities to them. The present article describes and evaluates the channels of distribution for consumer goods in Egypt. This information helps in the economic development of an underdeveloped country.
How Marketing Research Can Help Railroads
Authors: Kramer Walter 
Published: November 2018

Railroad management has spent considerable effort urging changes in public policy which they argue is the cause of their present difficulty. One of the dangers of this activity is that it may blind management to the possibilities that still exist within the present regulatory framework for profitable operation of a transport media. It is suggested that a new approach to the marketing of this service with emphasis on marketing research will help materially to increase sales of railroad transportation services.
Does the “Sleeper Effect” Apply to Advertising?
Authors: Weinberger Martin 
Published: November 2018

Under certain conditions, the change in attitude produced by a communication may be greater after a delay than immediately after exposure to the communication. This delayed change is called the “sleeper effect.” This article discusses the relevance of this phenomenon to advertising research. The author believes that repetition of advertising is probably more likely to reinforce the original effect of the advertising message than to produce a “sleeper effect.”
Advertising and Social Values
Authors: Petit Thomas A. , Zakon Alan 
Published: November 2018

This article was written independently of the one preceding, by Colston E. Warne. The point that authors Petit and Zakon are making is that advertising is a bulwark rather than a threat to our existing values. They maintain that critics of advertising who say that it violates the American value system are in reality criticizing the American value system itself.
Pretesting Advertising with the Differential Attitude Technique
Authors: O'Neill Harry W. 
Published: November 2018

The results obtained with the advertising pretest procedure presented in this article indicate that the differential effect on readers' attitudes of print ads (and probably other types of advertising as well) can be satisfactorily measured by a fairly simple scalar technique. Thus, an ad can be evaluated prior to publication in terms of its impact on attitudes rather than in terms of the recall of specific aspects of the ad.