bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood reference intervals for rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from routine diagnostic samples
Authors: Leineweber Christoph , Müller Elisabeth , Marschang Rachel E. 
Published: January 2019

Summary
Objective: The goal of this study was to establish reference intervals for blood parameters in rabbits based on data from routine diagnostic samples. Materials and methods: Data sets from 1679–2039 values for clinical chemistry and 937–1559 values for hematological parameters were evaluated using the statistical program Reference Limit Estimator 20151017. Results: The following reference intervals were calculated for hematology: erythrocytes 4.37–7.43 × 1012 cells/l; hematocrit 0.28–0.48 l/l; hemoglobin 89.63–153.82 g/l; leucocytes 2.71–12.23 × 109 cells/l; neutrophils 0.87–7.82 × 109 cells/l; lymphocytes 0.36–6.58 × 109 cells/l; monocytes 0.08–1.71 × 109 cells/l; eosi nophils 0.07–0.19 × 109 cells/l; basophils 0.06–1.1 × 109 cells/l; thrombocytes 225.45–905.3 × 109 cells/l. Calculated intervals for clinical chemistries were: alkaline phosphatase 9.05–94.68 U/l; aspartataminotransferase 3.75–32.44 U/l; creatine kinase 1.63–559.53 U/l; γ-glutamyltransferase 2.5–14.46 U/l; glutamatdehydrogenase 0.68–14.78 U/l; fructosamin 248.08–501.43 µmol/l; bile acid 0.76–19.63 μmol/l; total protein 48.66–73.64 g/l; urea 2.63–10.28 mmol/l; creatinine 51.38–154.35 µmol/l; calcium 3.02–4.3 mmol/l; magnesium 0.66–1.51 mmol/l; phosphorus 0.54–2.18 mmol/l; sodium 132.61– 154.0 mmol/l and potassium 3.52–6.04 mmol/l. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The calculation of intervals based on a large number of routine diagnostic samples allows the establishment of labora tory specific reference intervals without the use of experimental animals.
The Use of Noninvasive Ventilation with High Frequency in Newborns—A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Łoniewska Beata , Tousty Joanna , Michalczyk Barbara , Kordek Agnieszka , Jankowska Agata 
Published: January 2019

Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of noninvasive high-frequency ventilation (nHFV) in respiratory-deficient infants.
Study Design Retrospective analysis of 32 cases of nHFV in 30 term (n = 4) and preterm (n = 26) newborns using a noninvasive ventilation (NIV) device. nHFV avoided intubation of children performed with NIV and reintubation after long-term mechanical ventilation (MV). Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1: NIV from birth (n = 18, mean birth weight [BW]: 1,987 g, gestational age [GA]: 33.1 weeks); Group 2: MV, also used temporarily, and NIV (n = 10, BW: 1,074 g, GA: 28.2 weeks); and Group 3: two cases with nHFV avoided reintubation after long-term MV (BW: 725 g, GA: 24.5 weeks).
Results From 32 episodes of nHFV application, positive effect was achieved 26 times (81%) (24 of 30 children). All newborns had a significant increase in pH (7.23–7.27) and reduction in partial pressure of CO2 (66.7–58.9 mm Hg, over 1–2 hours). Failures in application of nHFV reported only in Group 1 (6/18, 33%) (failures primarily due to increasing demand for oxygen). There were two reports of pneumothorax in preterm infants with congenital pneumonia. No other nHFV-related complications were noted.
Conclusion nHFV is a promising NIV mode which can be also used with NIV devices.
Urinary N-telopeptide: The New Diagnostic Test for Osteoporosis
Authors: Ganesan Ganesan , Vijayaraghavan Phagal 
Published: January 2019

Context Osteoporosis is a silent disease until it is complicated by trivial fall fractures. There is an increasing interest within the orthopaedic community in the noninvasive cost-effective measurement of the bone mineral density.
Aims The aim of the study is to assess whether urinary N-telopeptide level can be a new diagnostic tool in diagnosing osteoporosis.
Methods and Material This prospective study was done at Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre (SRMC) hospital from October 2015 to October 2017. The study was conducted among patients who comes to SRMC as inpatient or outpatient with suspected osteoporosis and underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan and urinary N-telopeptide. The inclusion criteria were women aged 65 or older, women aged less than 65 with risk factors, younger postmenopausal women with one or more risk factors, men aged 70 or older, men less than 70 with risk factors, and any above group patients who comes within 24 hours following trivial fall fractures. The exclusion criteria were pathological fracture, history of any illness affecting bone metabolism. The results from DXA scan were taken as gold standard against urinary N-telopeptide. Then the patients were divided into two groups control and study. The control group contains patients who had normal DXA, while study group contains patients having either osteopenia or osteoporosis. Based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 110 persons were included in the study. We had 60 study and 50 controls patients. We had 88 females and 22 males. The results obtained were statistically analyzed.
Statistical Analysis Used The collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS statistics software 23.0 version. To describe about the data descriptive statistics frequency analysis, percentage analysis was used for categorical variables and the mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables. To find the significant difference between the bivariate samples in independent groups, the unpaired sample t-test was used. To find the significance in categorical data, chi-square test was used. In both the earlier statistical tools, the probability value of 0.05 is considered as significant level.
Results In our study, we had 18.2% osteopenic and 36.4% osteoporotic patients. The mean value of urinary N-telopeptide in control was 49.8 and in case was 182.5. The standard deviation of urinary N-telopeptide value in case was 159.9.
Conclusion Urinary N-telopeptide can give reproducible results and be able to assist in the evaluation of the quantity as well as the quality and be a good judge of someone's risk of fracture. Hence, urinary N-telopeptide can be used as a diagnostic tool for diagnosing osteoporosis.
Metal-Backed Tibial Components Do Not Reduce Risk of Early Aseptic Loosening in Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Costa Giuseppe Gianluca , Lo Presti Mirco , Grassi Alberto , Agrò Giuseppe , Cialdella Sergio , Mosca Massimiliano , Caravelli Silvio , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLong-term results of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) have shown a slightly higher revision rate than total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and implant fixation geometry seems to affect prosthetic survivorship. Whether metal-backed tibial component leads to superior performance over the all-polyethylene design is unclear, and a lack of evidence exists in literature. Our purpose was to demonstrate which implant design of UKA (all-polyethylene or metal-backed tibial component) is clinically superior regarding revision rates and clinical functioning, and investigate the role of potential factors that could affect the revision rate. A systematic review was conducted for clinical studies comparing all-polyethylene and metal-backed tibial components used in primary UKAs in terms of revision rates and clinical scores. Meta-regression techniques were used to explore factors modifying the observed effect. All causes of revision were extracted and analyzed, to find statistically significant differences between the two groups. Our research strategy generated a systematic review of nine studies comprising 1,101 UKAs in 1,088 patients with 87 revisions for any reason. Meta-analysis showed a higher, but not statistically significant, risk of aseptic revision in the all-polyethylene group. Studies with a smaller sample size and higher percentage of female patients were correlated to a higher relative risk of revision in favor of all-polyethylene UKAs. Differently, patients' age and duration of follow-up did not influence the risk ratio. The main cause for revision was aseptic loosening in both implants' component, with no statistically differences in the two groups examined. Our results do not show a superiority of the metal-backed tibial component in UKAs in terms of survivorship, although extreme care must be given for patients with high risk of early failure, such as female patients. However, surgical experience, in combination with careful patient selection, remains paramount and may lead to better long-term outcomes in patients requiring UKA. This is a Level III, therapeutic study.
Radiographs Detect Dorsal Scaphoid Translation in Scapholunate Dissociation
Authors: Chan Kevin , Vutescu Emil S. , Wolfe Scott W. , Lee Steve K. 
Published: January 2019

Background Dorsal translation of the proximal scaphoid pole onto the rim of the distal radius is a late finding associated with chronic scapholunate instability. Dorsal scaphoid translation (DST) has been identified by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with scapholunate dissociation (SLD).
Purpose The authors proposed to determine whether DST can be reliably detected on radiographs using two different measurement techniques.
Patients and Methods Lateral radiographs of 20 patients with operatively confirmed SLD were compared with 20 uninjured patients in blinded assessment. DST was assessed using the concentric circle and dorsal tangential line methods. Reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation (ICC) values.
Results Using both techniques, the scaphoid demonstrated increased dorsal translation in patients with SLD. Inter-rater reliabilities for the concentric circles and dorsal tangential line method on radiographs had ICCs > 0.80. Similarly, intra-rater reliabilities had ICCs > 0.90.
Conclusions Both the concentric circles and dorsal tangential line techniques had excellent reliabilities, but the dorsal tangential line method is clinically more practical.
Type of Study/Level of Evidence This is a Level III, diagnostic study.
The Effect of Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Skull Base Surgery on Cochlear Function
Authors: Ates Murat Samet , Benzer Murat , Kaya Isa , Biceroglu Huseyin , Ozgiray Erkin , Midilli Rasit , Karci Halil Bulent , Gode Sercan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEndoscopic transsphenoidal skull base surgery (ETSS) has become a standard approach in the treatment of sellar and clival lesions, such as pituitary adenoma and chordoma. Due to the close proximity of the clivus and the sella turcica to the inner ear, it is thought that bone drilling in the surgery may have effects on hearing. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bone drilling in ETSS procedure on cochlear function. This study was performed on 18 patients who underwent ETSS procedure between December 2016 and May 2017. The study was designed as a prospective study. All of the data were prospectively collected. These included demographic data, date of surgery, type of surgery, preoperative pure-tone audiometry, and preoperative and postoperative distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements. Of the DPOAE measurements of the patients who were operated for pituitary adenoma, there was a statistically significant difference between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz (p < 0.05). Additionally, there were no significant differences in preoperative and postoperative SNR measurements of six patients who were selected for clivus chordoma. When the preoperative and postoperative tonal audiometric tests of the patients were compared, no statistically significant difference was found (p > 0.05). In conclusion, it is found that bone drilling in ETSS procedure has a negative effect on cochlear function in the early period. This is the first study to evaluate the degree of noise-induced cochlear damage in patients who were gone under ETSS procedure.
Placental mitochondria adapt developmentally and in response to hypoxia to support fetal growth
Authors: Sferruzzi-Perri Amanda N. , Higgins Josephine S. , Vaughan Owen R. , Murray Andrew J. , Fowden Abigail L. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Mitochondria are the primary source of ATP for placental growth, transport, and hormone synthesis. However, to date, little is known about the developmental regulation or functional significance of placental mitochondria during normal or suboptimal intrauterine conditions, such as oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). Here we show that, in the placenta, mitochondria adapt their use of oxygen and nutrients (carbohydrate and fat) to best support both placental growth and function, as well as fetal development, during normal and hypoxic conditions. These data are significant because they improve our mechanistic understanding of human pregnancies compromised by fetal growth restriction at sea level and high altitude.
PP2C phosphatases promote autophagy by dephosphorylation of the Atg1 complex
Authors: Memisoglu Gonen , Eapen Vinay V. , Yang Ying , Klionsky Daniel J. , Haber James E. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Under starvation conditions, cells activate macroautophagy to recycle nutrients. A kinase complex that consists of Atg1 kinase, Atg13, and Atg17 is essential for macroautophagy function. This kinase complex is regulated extensively by phosphorylation events. However, the phosphatases that counteract these phosphorylations have remained elusive. Our results show that two redundant PP2C-type phosphatases, Ptc2 and Ptc3, promote autophagy by interacting with Atg1 and Atg13 and dephosphorylating them. In the absence of these phosphatases, macroautophagy, as well as selective autophagy pathways such as cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting and genotoxin-induced targeted autophagy, are inhibited. These results suggest that PP2C-type phosphatases play a previously uncharacterized and central role in the regulation of core autophagy proteins.
Macromolecules with programmable shape, size, and chemistry
Authors: Walsh Dylan J. , Guironnet Damien 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Tuning shape, size, and chemical composition elicits a way to mediate function. In soft materials, the establishment of these structure–function relationships has been hampered by the inability to independently control the shape, size, and composition of macromolecules. Here, we establish a synthetic methodology combining a computer-controlled process and two controlled polymerizations to yield macromolecules with any monotonic axisymmetric shape up to 300 nm in size. The methodology has a simple and scalable setup to yield gram quantities of macromolecules from commercially available materials. This approach provides a unique material platform to study the impact of shape, size, and composition of macromolecules.
From plagiarism to incense sticks
Authors: Chittiphalangsri Phrae 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Translation is not only a product of cultural exchange but also a process in which the senses of “self” versus “the other” are forged. History of cultural contacts in early modern Siam, or the Rattanakosindra period provides a lucid portrait of a country amidst the flux of encroaching globalization. Translation activities in Siam not only exhibit the formation of modern Siamese identity but also a demarcation of what is deemed foreign. The reciprocity of translation impact epitomizes the complex relationship Siam, later Thailand, has with other cultures. Siamese “vernacularization” of Indian and Chinese classics arrays translation as an act of straightforward, unproblematic appropriation, whereas the importation of European literature differs tremendously in how translators address the issue of authorship and fidelity. This report focuses on the crucial moments when Siam began to “translate” the West through several modes, ranging from open plagiarism, adaptation, proper translation, to overt literalism in the present days. These modes of translation show how the West as other is cast, and in turn throw light on how the modern Thai cultural self takes shape.
The notion of translation in the Arab world
Authors: Basalamah Salah 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
After synthesizing the notion of translation as reflected during the two major historical translation movements (medieval and (post)colonial), this chapter is conceived as a critical reflection on the contemporary intellectual and cultural developments of the Arab world as it unfolds within the dynamics of its historicity. While taking stock of the 9th–11th centuries’ glories when a wealth of the Greek was translated into Arabic and later transmitted to Europe through Latin, this chapter aims to tackle the contemporary effects of the (post)colonial period on today’s shaping of the notion of translation and its future perspectives as a probable key civilizational development factor in the positioning of the Arab culture in a globalized world dominated by English. The objective of this chapter is then to outline a more encompassing understanding of translation in the perspective of the relation to the Other, and the reasons behind the critical character of translation for the development and long-awaited renaissance of the Arab world.
Altaic tradition
Authors: Demircioğlu Cemal 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This report offers a brief historical and cultural lexicon of the Turkish terms/concepts for translation by means of available primary and archival materials and proposes a small-scale genealogy of Altaic tradition in two main parts. In the first part, a special focus is on Uighur Turkish in Central Asia (Old Turkic period, 9th century), followed by Anatolian Turkish developed in Asia Minor since the 11th century (West Turkic). Due to insufficient historical research and data on translation within the paradigm of Translation Studies, the report will not scan translational terms/concepts in Qarakhanid, Qharezm and Chagatai Turkish, which are members of East Turkic tradition. In the second part, the report reviews translation as concept and practice, focusing especially on the Turkish literary discourse of the late 19th century since this era is a period of the Turks’ encounter with Europe, hence, a period of shifting civilization from the East to the West, which led to a change in translation conception (see Paker 2006; Demircioğlu 2005).
Latin/Romance tradition
Authors: D’hulst Lieven 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The history of translation in Latin or Romance Europe is steered by three major driving forces. First, the transfer of cultural goods, e.g. between Greece and Rome, makes use of a broad set of writing techniques that include but also exceed what is labelled translation proper from the first centuries on. Second, transfer is not only aimed at giving access to foreign sources in all domains of public and private discourse, but is also used in the process of building independent (later: national) repertoires of the target culture, such as literary genres or models of learning language. Finally, the thinking about translation is embedded within several intellectual traditions: the early grammatical and rhetorical tradition is from the third century on paralleled by a patristic one that gives a more prominent place to meaning and approaches translation from a philosophical and religious viewpoint.
Germanic tradition
Authors: Kristmannsson Gauti 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The report on the Germanic translation tradition spans a long period of time, from the Gothic beginnings and the Nt translation of bishop Wulfila in the fourth century, through the Carolingian Renaissance and the late medieval traffic of chansons de geste and romances, disseminated and read for centuries. The Reformation and its translational explosion is another important aspect and in the following centuries, it may be argued that the literary development of the Germanic speaking literatures was more or less driven by translation, through translations and imitations of the classics right into the Romantic era, which, paradoxically, led to the invention of the purely original author and ever increasing translational activity, since the mother tongues had taken over in the Germanic literary systems.
Is livestock transport a necessary practice? Mobile slaughter and on-farm stunning and killing before transport to slaughter.
Authors: Hultgren J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Large numbers of livestock are transported to slaughter. The journeys may cause considerable animal stress and suffering. They often involve separation from familiar groups and places, as well as exposure to a range of stressful stimuli. Stockpersons do not always understand the principles of efficient interaction with the animals and may have undesirable attitudes towards them, which worsens handling. This paper reviews the literature on farm animal transport to slaughter, its consequences and alternative approaches. On-farm slaughter may be conducted at a small stationary plant located on farm, at a mobile slaughter unit temporarily placed at or near the farm or by on-farm killing followed by transport of the dead animal to a nearby plant for further processing. On-farm slaughter has the potential to reduce pre-slaughter animal stress and improve meat quality by shorter or eliminated journeys, minimal exposure to unfamiliar environments, animals and persons and less time in lairage. This would be perceived as an improvement in relation to some of the practical and ethical issues linked to the slaughter of animals. However, research and development is needed for wider application of mobile slaughter and on-farm gunshot stunning. Issues related to animal welfare, food and occupational safety, waste management and public health should be investigated further.
The Prevalence of Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) Initiation and Engagement in Treatment among Patients with Cannabis use Disorders in 7 US Health Systems
Authors: Lapham Gwen T. , Campbell Cynthia I. , Yarborough Bobbi Jo H. , Hechter Rulin C. , Ahmedani Brian K. , Haller Irina V. , Kline-Simon Andrea H. , Satre Derek D. , Loree Amy M. , Weisner Constance , Binswanger Ingrid A. 
Published: January 2019

Background Cannabis use disorders (CUDs) have increased with more individuals using cannabis, yet few receive treatment. Health systems have adopted the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) quality measures of initiation and engagement in alcohol and other drug (AOD) dependence treatment, but little is known about the performance of these among patients with CUDs. Methods This cohort study utilized electronic health records and claims data from 7 health care systems to identify patients with documentation of a new index CUD diagnosis (no AOD diagnosis ≤60 days prior) from International Classification of Diseases, Ninth revision, codes (October 1, 2014, to August 31, 2015). The adjusted prevalence of each outcome (initiation, engagement, and a composite of both) was estimated from generalized linear regression models, across index identification settings (inpatient, emergency department, primary care, addiction treatment, and mental health/psychiatry), AOD comorbidity (patients with CUD only and CUD plus other AOD diagnoses), and patient characteristics. Results Among 15,202 patients with an index CUD diagnosis, 30.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.2–30.7%) initiated, 6.9% (95% CI: 6.2–7.7%) engaged among initiated, and 2.1% (95% CI: 1.9–2.3%) overall both initiated and engaged in treatment. The adjusted prevalence of outcomes varied across index identification settings and was highest among patients diagnosed in addiction treatment, with 25.0% (95% CI: 22.5–27.6%) initiated, 40.9% (95% CI: 34.8–47.0%) engaged, and 12.5% (95% CI: 10.0–15.1%) initiated and engaged. The adjusted prevalence of each outcome was generally highest among patients with CUD plus other AOD diagnosis at index diagnosis compared with those with CUD only, overall and across index identification settings, and was lowest among uninsured and older patients. Conclusion Among patients with a new CUD diagnosis, the proportion meeting HEDIS criteria for initiation and/or engagement in AOD treatment was low and demonstrated variation across index diagnosis settings, AOD comorbidity, and patient characteristics, pointing to opportunities for improvement.