bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior Fossa Re-Exploration for Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia: Operative Findings and Surgical Techniques
Authors: Feng Bao-Hui , Wang Xu-Hui , Li Shi-Ting 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
Microvascular decompression (MVD) is considered the first choice for the surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, recurrence after MVD is still a problem and a challenge for neurosurgeons. In this study, we share our experience in the posterior fossa re-exploration of the recurrent cases.

Methods:
From January 2014 to January 2015, 15 recurrent TN patients who received fossa re-exploration were retrospectively studied. Surgeries were performed by retrosigmoid suboccipital approach. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were monitored throughout the operation. Intraoperative findings and surgical techniques were recorded. Postoperative outcomes and complications were analyzed.

Results:
Among the 15 patients, Teflon adhesion was found in 14. Teflon felt displacement was found in 4 patients, and additional Teflon felt was used to interpose. New offending vessels were found in 5 patients. Three of them were small arteries and the other 2 were petrosal veins. After dissected, small pieces of wet gelatin sponge and Teflon felt were implanted respectively to ensure complete decompression. The remaining 6 patients had no vascular compression except severe adhesion, and nerve combing was performed. After surgery, 12 achieved complete pain relief, 2 gained partial pain relief, and 1 failed. Six patients experienced facial numbness postoperatively. There was no hearing impairment or other complications. During the mean 26-month follow-up, no recurrence occurred and all of 6 cases with facial numbness after surgery improved.

Conclusions:
Teflon adhesion is a significant cause of recurrent TN. Wet gelatin-assisted method is good for Teflon interposition. If no vascular compression is found during re-exploration, trigeminal nerve combing can be used. Intraoperative BAEP monitoring is helpful to reduce the incidence of hearing loss.
Rare Cause of Tinnitus: Spontaneous Temporomandibular Joint Herniation Into the External Auditory Canal
Authors: Ertugrul Suha 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The herniation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) into external auditory canal (EAC) may occur due to trauma, neoplastic, infectious, and inflammatory processes. On the other hand, spontaneous herniation of TMJ into EAC is an extremely rare conduction and occurs as a consequence of patent retention of foramen of Huschke (FH). Patent FH is usually an asymptomatic situation. In this article, a patient having otologic symptoms as a result of spontaneous herniation of TMJ into EAC was presented in the light of current literature.
Amitriptyline Treatment Mitigates Sepsis-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor Expression and Coagulopathy
Authors: Xia Brent T. , Beckmann Nadine , Winer Leah K. , Kim Young , Goetzman Holly S. , Veile Rosalie E. , Gulbins Erich , Goodman Michael D. , Nomellini Vanessa , Caldwell Charles C. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
During sepsis, the early innate response and inflammatory cytokine cascade are associated with activation of the coagulation cascade. Acute hypercoagulability can contribute to lethal sequela of vascular thrombosis, tissue ischemia, and organ failure. We investigated if amitriptyline (AMIT), an antidepressant drug with a number of anti-inflammatory effects, could ameliorate sepsis in a murine model of sepsis—cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We hypothesized that AMIT treatment would reduce inflammation and mitigate sepsis-induced coagulopathy. Coagulation was measured using thromboelastometry and ferric chloride-induced carotid artery thrombosis. Our findings demonstrate a dynamic early hypercoagulability, followed by delayed hypocoagulability in septic mice. However, septic mice treated with AMIT were unaffected by these coagulation changes and exhibited a coagulation profile similar to sham mice. TNFα was markedly elevated in septic mice, but decreased in AMIT-treated mice. Exogenous administration of recombinant TNFα in naive mice recapitulated the acute sepsis-induced hypercoagulability profile. After sepsis and endotoxemia, peritoneal macrophages were the predominant source of TNFα expression. AMIT treatment significantly decreased macrophage TNFα expression and blunted M1 polarization. Altogether, during polymicrobial sepsis, AMIT treatment suppressed macrophage TNFα expression and the M1 phenotype, mitigating an initial hypercoagulable state, and protecting septic mice from delayed hypocoagulability. We propose that AMIT treatment is a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of sepsis-associated coagulopathy and prevention of acute thromboembolic events or delayed bleeding complications.
Budding Uninhibited by Benzimidazole-1 Insufficiency Prevents Acute Renal Failure in Severe Sepsis by Maintaining Anticoagulant Functions of Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Matsubara Yutaka , Matsumoto Takuya , Yoshiya Keiji , Yoshida Ayae , Ikeda Seiichi , Furuyama Tadashi , Nakatsu Yoshimichi , Tsuzuki Teruhisa , Nomura Masatoshi , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Severe sepsis is critical to health and can result in acute renal failure (ARF). Tissue factor (TF) and thrombomodulin (TM) play key roles in vascular endothelial functions by helping maintain microcirculation in the kidney. Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole-1 (Bub1) plays a role in Akt and JNK signaling, which control TF and TM, respectively. We hypothesized that Bub1 could control vascular endothelial function in sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Bub1 in septic ARF. We used Mouse cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) using low Bub1 expressing (Bub1

L/L
) and wild-type (Bub1

+/+
) mice in vivo and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) in vitro. Bub1

L/L
mice had a higher survival rate after CLP than Bub1

+/+
. Bub1

+/+
mice had more severe ARF after CLP than Bub1

L/L
with blood biochemical and pathological analyses. TF expression in Bub1

+/+
mice and control HAEC (control) significantly increased in the septic model compared with Bub1

L/L
and Bub1 silenced HAEC (siBub1). TM expression in the control significantly decreased after LPS stimulation compared with siBub1. Akt and JNK phosphorylation of siBub1 were attenuated after LPS stimulation. Associations of Bub1 with Akt or JNK after LPS stimulation of HAEC were detected using immunoprecipitation, suggesting that Bub1 is involved in the phosphorylation of Akt and JNK after LPS stimulation. Bub1 insufficiency attenuates TF expression and reduces TM suppression by blocking Akt and JNK phosphorylation, respectively, thus leading to the prevention of ARF and death caused by sepsis.
Challenges and needs in experimental therapies for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lutterotti Andreas 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
Despite dramatic advances in the treatment of people with multiple sclerosis over the last decade, several unmet medical needs still remain and should be approached with new compounds in experimental clinical trials. The prerequisites for successful clinical trials in multiple sclerosis have changed considerably over time and activities have started to improve clinical development of new drugs in several aspects including trial designs, patient selection and outcome parameters. This review will address some of the challenges in early experimental trials in multiple sclerosis and recent approaches in the field.

Recent findings
Highly intensive treatment regimens like autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation provide evidence for sustained long-term treatment effects in multiple sclerosis patients. Several different approaches towards neuroprotection and remyelination have entered the clinical phase and demonstrated that stabilization, even improvement of disability is achievable in short-term studies.

Summary
New therapeutic strategies have entered the clinic with the prospects of long-term efficacy and enduring effects on disability progression.
Genetic Survey of Adult-Onset Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Kuehn Markus H. , Mishra Rajashree , Deonovic Benjamin E. , Miller Kimberly N. , McCormack Shana E. , Liu Grant T. , Kupersmith Mark J. , Wall Michael ,   the NORDIC IIHTT Study Group
Published: April 2018

Background:
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure of unknown cause. IIH has been shown to be associated with female sex as well as obesity. This genome-wide association study was performed to determine whether genetic variants are associated with this condition.

Methods:
We analyzed the chromosomal DNA of 95 patients with IIH enrolled in the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial and 95 controls matched on sex, body mass index, and self-reported ethnicity. The samples were genotyped using Illumina Infinium HumanCoreExome v1-0 array and analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model that accounted for population stratification using multidimensional scaling.

Results:
A total of 301,908 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated. The strongest associations observed were for rs2234671 on chromosome 2 (P = 4.93 × 10−07), rs79642714 on chromosome 6 (P = 2.12 × 10−07), and rs200288366 on chromosome 12 (P = 6.23 × 10−07). In addition, 3 candidate regions marked by multiple associated SNPs were identified on chromosome 5, 13, and 14.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to investigate the genetics of IIH in a rigorously characterized cohort. The study was limited by its modest size and thus would have only been able to demonstrate highly significant association on a genome-wide scale for relatively common alleles exerting large effects. However, several variants and loci were identified that might be strong candidates for follow-up studies in other well-phenotyped cohorts.
Negative emissions technologies and carbon capture and storage to achieve the Paris Agreement commitments
Authors: Haszeldine R. Stuart , Flude Stephanie , Johnson Gareth , Scott Vivian 
Published: April 2018

How will the global atmosphere and climate be protected? Achieving net-zero CO
2
emissions will require carbon capture and storage (CCS) to reduce current GHG emission rates, and negative emissions technology (NET) to recapture previously emitted greenhouse gases. Delivering NET requires radical cost and regulatory innovation to impact on climate mitigation. Present NET exemplars are few, are at small-scale and not deployable within a decade, with the exception of rock weathering, or direct injection of CO
2
into selected ocean water masses. To keep warming less than 2°C, bioenergy with CCS (BECCS) has been modelled but does not yet exist at industrial scale. CCS already exists in many forms and at low cost. However, CCS has no political drivers to enforce its deployment. We make a new analysis of all global CCS projects and model the build rate out to 2050, deducing this is 100 times too slow. Our projection to 2050 captures just 700 Mt CO
2
yr
−1
, not the minimum 6000 Mt CO
2
yr
−1
required to meet the 2°C target. Hence new policies are needed to incentivize commercial CCS. A first urgent action for all countries is to commercially assess their CO
2
storage. A second simple action is to assign a Certificate of CO
2
Storage onto producers of fossil carbon, mandating a progressively increasing proportion of CO
2
to be stored. No CCS means no 2°C.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.
Climate extremes, land–climate feedbacks and land-use forcing at 1.5°C
Authors: Seneviratne Sonia I. , Wartenburger Richard , Guillod Benoit P. , Hirsch Annette L. , Vogel Martha M. , Brovkin Victor , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Schaller Nathalie , Boysen Lena , Calvin Katherine V. , Doelman Jonathan , Greve Peter , Havlik Petr , Humpenöder Florian , Krisztin Tamas , Mitchell Daniel , Popp Alexander , Riahi Keywan , Rogelj Joeri , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Sillmann Jana , Stehfest Elke 
Published: April 2018

This article investigates projected changes in temperature and water cycle extremes at 1.5°C of global warming, and highlights the role of land processes and land-use changes (LUCs) for these projections. We provide new comparisons of changes in climate at 1.5°C versus 2°C based on empirical sampling analyses of transient simulations versus simulations from the ‘Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts’ (HAPPI) multi-model experiment. The two approaches yield similar overall results regarding changes in climate extremes on land, and reveal a substantial difference in the occurrence of regional extremes at 1.5°C versus 2°C. Land processes mediated through soil moisture feedbacks and land-use forcing play a major role for projected changes in extremes at 1.5°C in most mid-latitude regions, including densely populated areas in North America, Europe and Asia. This has important implications for low-emissions scenarios derived from integrated assessment models (IAMs), which include major LUCs in ambitious mitigation pathways (e.g. associated with increased bioenergy use), but are also shown to differ in the simulated LUC patterns. Biogeophysical effects from LUCs are not considered in the development of IAM scenarios, but play an important role for projected regional changes in climate extremes, and are thus of high relevance for sustainable development pathways.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.
Pathways limiting warming to 1.5°C: a tale of turning around in no time?
Authors: Kriegler Elmar , Luderer Gunnar , Bauer Nico , Baumstark Lavinia , Fujimori Shinichiro , Popp Alexander , Rogelj Joeri , Strefler Jessica , van Vuuren Detlef P. 
Published: April 2018

We explore the feasibility of limiting global warming to 1.5°C without overshoot and without the deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. For this purpose, we perform a sensitivity analysis of four generic emissions reduction measures to identify a lower bound on future CO2emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes. Final energy demand reductions and electrification of energy end uses as well as decarbonization of electricity and non-electric energy supply are all considered. We find the lower bound of cumulative fossil fuel and industry CO2emissions to be 570 GtCO2for the period 2016–2100, around 250 GtCO2lower than the lower end of available 1.5°C mitigation pathways generated with integrated assessment models. Estimates of 1.5°C-consistent CO2budgets are highly uncertain and range between 100 and 900 GtCO2from 2016 onwards. Based on our sensitivity analysis, limiting warming to 1.5°C will require CDR or terrestrial net carbon uptake if 1.5°C-consistent budgets are smaller than 650 GtCO2. The earlier CDR is deployed, the more it neutralizes post-2020 emissions rather than producing net negative emissions. Nevertheless, if the 1.5°C budget is smaller than 550 GtCO2, temporary overshoot of the 1.5°C limit becomes unavoidable if CDR cannot be ramped up faster than to 4 GtCO2in 2040 and 10 GtCO2in 2050.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels’.
Towards legitimacy of the solar geoengineering research enterprise
Authors: Frumhoff Peter C. , Stephens Jennie C. 
Published: April 2018

Mounting evidence that even aggressive reductions in net emissions of greenhouse gases will be insufficient to limit global climate risks is increasing calls for atmospheric experiments to better understand the risks and implications of also deploying solar geoengineering technologies to reflect sunlight and rapidly lower surface temperatures. But solar geoengineering research itself poses significant environmental and geopolitical risks. Given limited societal awareness and public dialogue about this climate response option, conducting such experiments without meaningful societal engagement could galvanize opposition to solar geoengineering research from civil society, including the most climate vulnerable communities who are among its intended beneficiaries. Here, we explore whether and how a solar geoengineering research enterprise might be developed in a way that promotes legitimacy as well as scientific credibility and policy relevance. We highlight the distinctive responsibilities of researchers and research funders to ensure that solar geoengineering research proposals are subject to legitimate societal review and scrutiny, recommend steps they can take to strive towards legitimacy and call on them to be explicitly open to multiple potential outcomes, including the societal rejection or considerable alteration of the solar geoengineering research enterprise.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.
Reaching a 1.5°C target: socio-technical challenges for a rapid transition to low-carbon electricity systems
Authors: Eyre Nick , Darby Sarah J. , Grünewald Philipp , McKenna Eoghan , Ford Rebecca 
Published: April 2018

A 1.5°C global average target implies that we should no longer focus on merely incremental emissions reductions from the electricity system, but rather on fundamentally re-envisaging a system that, sooner rather than later, becomes carbon free. Many low-carbon technologies are surpassing mainstream predictions for both uptake and cost reduction. Their deployment is beginning to be disruptive within established systems. ‘Smart technologies’ are being developed to address emerging challenges of system integration, but their rates of future deployment remain uncertain. We argue that transition towards a system that can fully displace carbon generation sources will require expanding the focus of our efforts beyond technical solutions. Recognizing that change has social and technical dimensions, and that these interact strongly, we set out a socio-technical review that covers electricity infrastructure, citizens, business models and governance. It describes some of the socio-technical challenges that need to be addressed for the successful transition of the existing electricity systems. We conclude that a socio-technical understanding of electricity system transitions offers new and better insights into the potential and challenges for rapid decarbonization.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.
Sequential regulation of maternal mRNAs through a conserved cis-acting element in their 3’UTRs
Authors: Flora Pooja , Wong-Deyrup Siu Wah , Martin Elliot Todd , Palumbo Ryan J , Nasrallah Mohamad , Oligney Andrew , Blatt Patrick , Patel Dhruv , Fuchs Gabriele , Rangan Prashanth 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMaternal mRNAs are synthesized during oogenesis to initiate the development of future generations. Some maternal mRNAs are determinants of somatic or germline fate and must be translationally repressed until embryogenesis. However, the translational repressors themselves are also temporally regulated. We usepolar granule component(pgc), aDrosophilamaternal mRNA, as a model system to ask how maternal mRNAs are repressed while the regulatory landscape is continually shifting.pgc, a potent transcriptional silencer and germline determinant, is translationally regulated throughout oogenesis. We find that the 3’UTR ofpgcmRNA contains a conserved ten-nucleotide sequence that is bound by different conserved RNA binding proteins (RBPs) at different stages of oogenesis to continuously repress translation except for a brief expression in the stem cell daughter. Pumilio (Pum) binds to this sequence in undifferentiated and early differentiating oocytes and recruits other temporally restricted translational regulators to blockpgctranslation. After differentiation, Pum levels diminish and Bruno (Bru) levels increase, allowing Bru to bind the same 3’UTR sequence and take over translational repression ofpgcmRNA. We have identified a class of maternal mRNAs regulated during oogenesis by both Pum and Bru, includingZelda, activator of the zygotic genome, which contain this core 10-nt regulatory sequence. Our data suggests that this hand off mechanism is more generally utilized to inhibit translation of maternal mRNAs during oogenesis.
The CoLoMoTo Interactive Notebook: Accessible and Reproducible Computational Analyses for Qualitative Biological Networks
Authors: Naldi Aurélien , Hernandez Céline , Levy Nicolas , Stoll Gautier , Monteiro Pedro T. , Chaouiya Claudine , Helikar Tomáš , Zinovyev Andrei , Calzone Laurence , Cohen-Boulakia Sarah , Thieffry Denis , Paulevé Loïc 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnalysing models of biological networks typically relies on workflows in which different software tools with sensitive parameters are chained together, many times with additional manual steps. The accessibility and reproducibility of such workflows is challenging, as publications often overlook analysis details, and because some of these tools may be difficult to install, and/or have a steep learning curve. The CoLoMoTo Interactive Notebook provides a unified environment to edit, execute, share, and reproduce analyses of qualitative models of biological networks. This framework combines the power of different technologies to ensure repeatability and to reduce users’ learning curve of these technologies. The framework is distributed as a Docker image with the tools ready to be run without any installation step besides Docker, and is available on Linux, macOS, and Microsoft Windows. The embedded computational workflows are edited with a Jupyter web interface, enabling the inclusion of textual annotations, along with the explicit code to execute, as well as the visualisation of the results. The resulting notebook files can then be shared and re-executed in the same environment. To date, the CoLoMoTo Interactive Notebook provides access to software tools including GINsim, BioLQM, Pint, MaBoSS, and Cell Collective for the modelling and analysis of Boolean and multi-valued networks. More tools will be included in the future. We developed a Python interface for each of these tools to offer a seamless integration in the Jupyter web interface and ease the chaining of complementary analyses.
Gamma synchronization between V1 and V4 improves behavioral performance
Authors: Rohenkohl Gustavo , Bosman Conrado Arturo , Fries Pascal 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTMotor behavior is often driven by visual stimuli, relying on efficient feedforward communication from lower to higher visual areas. The Communication-through-Coherence hypothesis proposes that interareal communication depends on coherence at an optimal phase relation. While previous studies have linked effective communication to enhanced interareal coherence, it remains unclear, whether this interareal coherence occurs at an optimal phase relation that actually improves the stimulus transmission to behavioral report. We recorded local field potentials simultaneously from areas V1 and V4 of macaque monkeys performing a selective visual attention task, during which they reported changes of the attended stimulus. Gamma synchronization between V1 and V4, immediately preceding the stimulus change, predicted subsequent reaction times (RTs). Crucially, RTs were systematically slowed as trial-by-trial interareal gamma phase relations deviated from the phase relation at which V1 and V4 synchronized on average. These effects were specific to the attended stimulus and not due to local power or phase inside V1 or V4. We conclude that interareal gamma synchronization occurs at the optimal phase relation and thereby improves interareal communication and the effective transformation of sensory inputs into motor responses.