bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol reduces the expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and hepatocyte growth factor in stromal cells of women with endometriosis compared with nonendometriotic women
Authors: Arablou Tahereh , Delbandi Ali‐Akbar , Khodaverdi Sepideh , Arefi Soheila , Kolahdouz‐Mohammadi Roya , Heidari Sahel , Mohammadi Tahereh , Aryaeian Naheed 
Published: March 2019

Resveratrol, a phytoalexin polyphenol, has antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The present study has assessed the effect of resveratrol treatment on the expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) from women with and without endometriosis. Endometrial tissues were obtained from 40 endometriotic patients and 15 nonendometriotic control women. After the enzymatic digestion, 13 eutopic ESCs (EuESCs), 8 ectopic ESCs (EESCs), and 11 control ESCs (CESCs) were treated with resveratrol (100 μM) for 6, 24, and 48 hr. The gene and protein expressions of IGF‐1 and HGF were measured using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay methods, respectively. Results showed that resveratrol treatment decreased significantly the gene expression of IGF‐1 and HGF in EuESCs, EESCs, and CESCs (p < 0.05). The effect of resveratrol treatment on the reduction of IGF‐1 gene expression was statistically more noticeable in EESCs compared with CESCs (p < 0.05). Also, in the case of HGF gene expression, the reducing effect of resveratrol treatment was statistically more considerable in EESCs compared with EuESCs and CESCs (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The IGF‐1 and HGF protein production decreased significantly in EuESCs and EESCs (p < 0.05) but not in CESCs. These findings suggest that resveratrol treatment could reduce the expression of IGF‐1 and HGF in ESCs especially in EESCs, which play a pivotal role in disease progression.
Limited progress? The effect of external pressure for board gender diversity on the increase of female directors
Authors: Knippen Jennifer M. , Shen Wei , Zhu Qi 
Published: March 2019

Research SummaryThis study explores how external pressure for board gender diversity influences the increase of female directors. We propose that while external pressure has a positive effect on the increase of female directors on boards, it heightens the salience of gender in new director selection, making incumbent male directors more likely to treat the new female directors as outgroup members and consequently more likely to add them through addition of board seats rather than substitution of male directors. We further predict that new female directors added through additional board seats are less likely to serve on major board committees than those added through substitution of male directors. Results from a large sample of S&P 1,500 firms during 2004 to 2015 provide support our theoretical predictions.Managerial SummaryOur study intends to enhance the understanding of how external pressure influences a firm's decision to increase the number of female directors on the board. We find that, although external pressure makes firms more likely to increase female directors, firms tend to do it through the addition of board seats rather than through the replacement of incumbent male directors to the extent that the increase is a response to the external pressure. Moreover, we find that new female directors added through addition of board seats are less likely to serve on major board committees than those added through replacement of male directors. These findings suggest that external pressure has a positive but limited effect on countering the gender bias on corporate boards toward female directors.
Hexagonal Boron Nitride Growth on Cu‐Si Alloy: Morphologies and Large Domains
Authors: Li Jidong , Hu Zhili , Yi Yangfan , Yu Maolin , Li Xuemei , Zhou Jianxin , Yin Jun , Wu Shiwei , Guo Wanlin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractControllable synthesis of high‐quality hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is desired toward the industrial application of 2D devices based on van der Waals heterostructures. Substantial efforts are devoted to synthesize h‐BN on copper through chemical vapor deposition, which has been successfully applied to grow graphene. However, the progress in synthesizing h‐BN has been significantly retarded, and it is still challenging to realize millimeter‐scale domains and control their morphologies reliably. Here, the nucleation density of h‐BN on Cu is successfully reduced by over two orders of magnitude by simply introducing a small amount of silicon, giving rise to large triangular domains with maximum 0.25 mm lateral size. Moreover, the domain morphologies can be modified from needles, tree patterns, and leaf darts to triangles through controlling the growth temperature. The presence of silicon alters the growth mechanism from attachment‐limited mode to diffusion‐limited mode, leading to dendrite domains that are rarely observed on pure Cu. A phase‐field model is utilized to reveal the growing dynamics regarding B‐N diffusion, desorption, flux, and reactivity variables, and explain the morphology evolution. The work sheds lights on the h‐BN growth toward large single crystals and morphology probabilities.
A Stretchable and Flexible Cardiac Tissue–Electronics Hybrid Enabling Multiple Drug Release, Sensing, and Stimulation
Authors: Feiner Ron , Wertheim Lior , Gazit Danielle , Kalish Or , Mishal Gal , Shapira Assaf , Dvir Tal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReplacement of the damaged scar tissue created by a myocardial infarction is the goal of cardiac tissue engineering. However, once the implanted tissue is in place, monitoring its function is difficult and involves indirect methods, while intervention necessarily requires an invasive procedure and available medical attention. To overcome this, methods of integrating electronic components into engineered tissues have been recently presented. These allow for remote monitoring of tissue function as well as intervention through stimulation and controlled drug release. Here, an improved hybrid microelectronic tissue construct capable of withstanding the dynamic environment of the beating heart without compromising electronic or mechanical functionality is reported. While the reported system is enabled to sense the function of the engineered tissue and provide stimulation for pacing, an electroactive polymer on the electronics enables it to release multiple drugs in parallel. It is envisioned that the integration of microelectronic devices into engineered tissues will provide a better way to monitor patient health from afar, as well as provide facile, more exact methods to control the healing process.
Rational Design of Atomic Layers of Pt Anchored on Mo2C Nanorods for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution over a Wide pH Range
Authors: Qiu Yu , Wen Zhilin , Jiang Chaoran , Wu Xiaojun , Si Rui , Bao Jun , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Tang Junwang , Guo Xiaohui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTransition metal carbide compound has been extensively investigated as a catalyst for hydrogenation, for example, due to its noble metal‐like properties. Herein a facile synthetic strategy is applied to control the thickness of atomic‐layer Pt clusters strongly anchored on N‐doped Mo2C nanorods (Pt/N‐Mo2C) and it is found that the Pt atomic layers modify Mo2C function as a high‐performance and robust catalyst for hydrogen evolution. The optimized 1.08 wt% Pt/N‐Mo2C exhibits 25‐fold, 10‐fold, and 15‐fold better mass activity than the benchmark 20 wt% Pt/C in neutral, acidic, and alkaline media, respectively. This catalyst also represents an extremely low overpotential of −8.3 mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2, much better than the majority of reported electrocatalysts and even the commercial reference catalyst (20 wt%) Pt/C. Furthermore, it exhibits an outstanding long‐term operational durability of 120 h. Theoretical calculation predicts that the ultrathin layer of Pt clusters on Mo‐Mo2C yields the lowest absolute value of ΔGH*. Experimental results demonstrate that the atomic layer of Pt clusters anchored on Mo2C substrate greatly enhances electron and mass transportation efficiency and structural stability. These findings could provide the foundation for developing highly effective and scalable hydrogen evolution catalysts.
Survival/Adaptation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Long-Term Starvation Through Selective Processes
Authors: Ferro Federico , Spelat Renza , Shaw Georgina , Duffy Niamh , Islam Md Nahidul , O'Shea Paula M. , O'Toole Daniel , Howard Linda , Murphy J. Mary 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAfter in vivo transplantation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) face an ischemic microenvironment, characterized by nutrient deprivation and reduced oxygen tension, which reduces their viability and thus their therapeutic potential. Therefore, MSC response to models of in vitro ischemia is of relevance for improving their survival and therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to understand the survival/adaptive response mechanism that MSC use to respond to extreme culture conditions. Specifically, the effect of a long-term starvation on human bone marrow (hBM)-derived MSC cultured in a chemically defined medium (fetal bovine serum-free [SF] and human SF), either in hypoxic or normoxic conditions. We observed that hBM-MSC that were isolated and cultured in SF medium and subjected to a complete starvation for up to 75 days transiently changed their behavior and phenotype. However, at the end of that period, hBM-MSC retained their characteristics as determined by their morphology, DNA damage resistance, proliferation kinetic, and differentiation potential. This survival mode involved a quiescent state, confirmed by increased expression of cell cycle regulators p16, p27, and p57 and decreased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67, mTOR, and Nanog. In addition, Jak/STAT (STAT6) antiapoptotic activity selected which cells conserved stemness and that supported metabolic, bioenergetic, and scavenging requirements. We also demonstrated that hBM-MSC exploited an autophagic process which induced lipid β-oxidation as an alternative energy source. Priming MSC by concomitant starvation and culture in hypoxic conditions to induce their quiescence would be of benefit to increase MSC survival when transplanted in vivo. Stem Cells 2019;37:813–827
NHC‐Stabilised Silyliumylidene Ions
Authors: Powley Samuel L. , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDonor‐stabilised silyliumylidene ions, from the parent [R−Si:]+, are a class of low‐valent silicon species which have received increasing research interest in the last several years. This interest began in the fundamental synthesis and characterisation of these compounds, but has since started to include more investigation into their further reactivity after several stable NHC‐stabilised silyliumylidene ions were reported. This personal account briefly discusses the history of the still‐young field of silyliumylidene ions followed by a more detailed discussion of published work from our group on the further development of silyliumylidene chemistry over the last four years.
Web‐based application for threatened woodland caribou population modeling
Authors: Eacker Daniel R. , Hebblewhite Mark , Steenweg Robin , Russell Mike , Flasko Amy , Hervieux Dave 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWoodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are threatened in Canada, with population and distribution declines evident in most regions of the country. Causes of declines are linked to landscape change from forest fires and human development, notably forestry oil and gas activities, which result in caribou habitat loss and affect ecosystem food webs. The Federal Species at Risk Act requires effective protection and restoration of caribou habitat, with actions to increase caribou survival. These requirements call for effective monitoring of caribou population trends to gauge success. Many woodland caribou populations are nearly impossible to count using traditional aerial survey methods, but demographic‐based monitoring approaches can be used to estimate population trends based on population modeling of vital rates from marked animals. Monitoring programs have used a well‐known simple population model (the Recruitment‐Mortality [R/M] equation) to estimate demographic rates for woodland caribou, but have faced challenges in managing large data streams and providing transparency in the demographic estimation process. We present a stand‐alone statistical software application using open‐source software to permit efficient, transparent, and replicable demographic estimation for woodland caribou populations. We developed an easy‐to‐use, interactive web‐based application for the R/M population model that uses a Bayesian estimation approach and provides the user flexibility in choice of prior distributions and other output features. We illustrate the web‐application to the A la Pêche Southern Mountain (Central Group) woodland caribou population in west‐central Alberta, Canada, during 1998–2017. Our estimates of population demographics are consistent with previous research on this population and highlight the utility of the application in assessing caribou population responses to species recovery actions. We provide example data, computer code, the web‐based application package, and a user manual to guide installation and use. We also review underlying assumptions and challenges of population monitoring in this case study. We expect our software will contribute to efficient monitoring of woodland caribou and help in the assessment of recovery actions for this species. © 2019 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing infrared imagery to traditional methods for estimating ringed seal density
Authors: Young Brent G. , Yurkowski David J. , Dunn J. Blair , Ferguson Steven H. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWhen conducting aerial surveys of wildlife populations, a number of animals go undetected by observers. The use of infrared imagery may offer a solution to improve detection rates and reduce visibility bias. Our objective was to compare the use of an infrared camera system with traditional methods using direct visual observations for estimating density of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) on ice. We conducted aerial surveys of ringed seals in the areas of Pond Inlet and western Hudson Bay in the Canadian Arctic during spring 2016 and 2017. Infrared videos were recorded within a 250‐m‐wide strip beneath the aircraft and potential seals were verified using corresponding visual images from a digital single‐lens reflex camera. Results from strip‐transect analysis of infrared observations were compared with results from strip‐transect analysis of direct visual observations and results from line‐transect analysis of a combined data set of infrared and direct visual observations. The different methods produced different density estimates with the infrared strip‐transect and line‐transect methods producing similar results that were, on average, approximately 2–3 times greater than strip‐transect analyses of observer data. Use of infrared imagery provides several advantages over traditional methods because it allows for more efficient and reliable detection of seals, eliminates the need for large teams of trained observers, and simplifies the process of data analysis and density estimation. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
The Impact of Evidence in Surgery of the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Akhter Shakib , Mundi Raman , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere have been a growing number of landmark randomized controlled trials published in the orthopedic literature over the past decade. These large‐scale trials have had a substantial impact on informing clinical orthopedic practice globally. This review highlights a selected sample of such pivotal trials, across the subspecialties of trauma, sports medicine, arthroplasty, spine, and the important topic of intimate partner violence.
Possible Preventable Causes of Unplanned Readmission After Elective Liver Resection, Results from a Non‐academic Referral HPB Center
Authors: de Klein G. W. , Brohet R. M. , Liem M. S. L. , Klaase J. M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionUnplanned readmission is a common event after liver resection, and it is a burden for both patients and healthcare policy makers. This study evaluates the incidence of and reasons for unplanned readmission after liver resection, in order to identify possible preventable causes.MethodsIn this single‐center cohort study, data from patients who underwent liver resection for both malignant and benign indications from 2001 to 2016 at our institute were collected from a database with prospective data. Readmissions were analyzed for their reasons and risk factors. Patients with general complaints with no specific complications were categorized as failure to thrive.ResultsIn 406 patients, the readmission rate was 11.6%. Most patients were readmitted because of failure to thrive (35%), deep and superficial surgical site infection (28%), or cardiopulmonary complications (15%). A multivariate analysis revealed that unplanned readmission was associated with the occurrence of complications during index admission—with an odds ratio of 4.69 (CI 2.41–9.12, p < 0.001).ConclusionReadmission occurs in more than 1 in 10 patients after liver resection, and it is associated with a complicated course during index admission. One‐third of readmissions occur because of failure to thrive and might be preventable. Future research in strategies to reduce readmission rates should focus on both the prevention of complications during index admission and programs at the interface between primary and secondary care.
Can passenger flow distribution be estimated solely based on network properties in public transport systems?
Authors: Luo Ding , Cats Oded , van Lint Hans 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present a pioneering investigation into the relation between passenger flow distribution and network properties in public transport systems. The methodology is designed in a reverse engineering fashion by utilizing passively measured passenger flow dynamics over the entire network. We quantify the properties of public transport networks using a range of centrality indicators in the topological representations of public transport networks with both infrastructure and service layers considered. All the employed indicators, which originate from complex network science, are interpreted in the context of public transport systems. Regression models are further developed to capture the correlative relation between passenger flow distribution and several centrality indicators that are selected based on the correlation analysis. The primary finding from the case study on the tram networks of The Hague and Amsterdam is that the selected network properties can indeed be used to approximate passenger flow distribution in public transport systems to a reasonable extent. Notwithstanding, no causality is implied, as the correlation may also reflect how well the supply allocation caters for the underlying demand distribution. The significance and relevance of this study stems from two aspects: (1) the unraveled relation provides a parsimonious alternative to existing passenger assignment models that require many assumptions on the basis of limited data; (2) the resulting model offers efficient quick-scan decision support capabilities that can help transport planners in tactical planning decisions.
Strong contrast in mass and energy balance between a coastal mountain glacier and the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: ABERMANN JAKOB , VAN AS DIRK , WACKER STEFAN , LANGLEY KIRSTY , MACHGUTH HORST , FAUSTO ROBERT SCHJØTT 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWe show a strong difference in surface mass and energy balance of a mountain glacier and two sites on the ice sheet at 64°N in West Greenland using stake and automated weather station observations. Net surface mass balance is on average 2.2 m w.e. less negative at the coast compared with the ice sheet in the same elevation. We find a larger energy turnover at the ice sheet margin on Qamanarssup Sermia than measured on the coastal mountain glacier Qassigiannguit with both energy input and output being of larger absolute value. More cloudiness and a thicker snow cover at the relatively humid coastal glacier result in smaller gains in net-shortwave radiation and smaller losses in net-longwave radiation and a less negative mass balance. Lower wind speeds at the coastal glacier result in weaker turbulent heat exchange between atmosphere and ice surface. On annual average, 17 W m−2more energy is available for melt at the ice-sheet margin compared with the coastal glacier in the same elevation.
Late Holocene paleohydrology of Walker Lake and the Carson Sink in the western Great Basin, Nevada, USA
Authors: Adams Kenneth D. , Rhodes Edward J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe late Holocene histories of Walker Lake and the Carson Sink were reconstructed by synthesizing existing data in both basins along with new age constraints from key sites, supplemented with paleohydrologic modeling. The repeated diversions of the Walker River to the Carson Sink and then back to Walker Lake caused Walker Lake–level fluctuations spanning ± 50 m. Low lake levels at about 1000, 750, and 300 cal yr BP are time correlative to the ages of fluvial deposits along the Walker River paleochannel, when flow was directed toward the Carson Sink. The timing and duration of large lakes in the Carson Sink were further refined using moisture-sensitive tree-ring chronologies. The largest lakes required a fourfold to fivefold increase in discharge spanning decades. Addition of Walker River flow to the Carson Sink by itself is inadequate to account for the required discharge. Instead, increases in the runoff coefficient and larger areas of the drainage basin contributing surface runoff may explain the enhanced discharge required to create these large lakes.
Porcine lactoferrin-derived peptide LFP-20 modulates immune homoeostasis to defend lipopolysaccharide-triggered intestinal inflammation in mice
Authors: Zong Xin , Cao Xiaoxuan , Wang Hong , Zhao Jing , Lu Zeqing , Wang Fengqin , Wang Yizhen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe performance of immune system is vital for defending the body from pathogens, and it plays a crucial role in health homoeostasis. In a previous study, we have shown that LFP-20, a twenty-amino acid antimicrobial peptide in the N terminus of porcine lactoferrin, modulated inflammatory response in colitis. Here, we further investigated the effects of LFP-20 on immune homoeostasis to elucidate the mechanism of its anti-inflammation action. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered systemic inflammatory response mice model was established. On the basis of observed mucosal lesions and apoptosis in small intestine, we found increased macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in ileum after LPS stimulation. Expectedly, LFP-20 pre-treatment attenuated the LPS-mediated immune disorders in ileum. Moreover, the flow cytometry results indicated pre-treatment with LFP-20 sustained the balance of CD3+CD8+ T cells, B cells and natural killer cells in LPS-triggered immune disturbance. Simultaneously, we demonstrated LFP-20 modulated the secretion of both activated Th1-related IL-12p70, interferon-γ, TNF-α and Th2-related IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6. Furthermore, we found LFP-20 facilitated a balanced Th1 and Th2 response, which triggered cellular defence mechanisms and induced B cells to produce opsonising antibodies belonging to certain IgG subclasses to defend against LPS stimulation. Collectively, our study indicated pre-treatment with LFP-20 could defend against LPS-triggered systemic inflammatory response in mice via modulating immune homoeostasis.