bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Hierarchically Structured Metal−Organic Frameworks by a Dual‐Functional Surfactant
Authors: Duan Chongxiong , Zhang Hang , Peng Anguo , Li Feier , Xiao Jing , Zou JiFei , Luo Shaojuan , Xi Hongxia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHierarchically structured metal−organic frameworks (H−MOFs) are of great importance because of their widespread applicability in gas storage, separation, and catalysis. However, the synthesis of H−MOFs with tunable porosity and high stability is still a tremendous challenge. Herein, two strategies are developed to prepare classical porous MOFs—hierarchically structured HKUST−1 (H‐HKUST−1): (1) through utilizing a dual‐functional surfactant as a template individually, H‐HKUST−1 was successfully synthesized in a solvothermal system. The obtained H‐HKUST−1 products possess well‐ordered mesopores together with high thermal stability, the porosity of H‐HKUST−1 depends on the amount of the template and the type of extraction solvents. The multi‐ammonium head of the introduced surfactant bonded with BTC3− anion to form the main framework while the long alkyl chain filled the space to form mesopores. (2) H‐HKUST−1 was also prepared rapidly at room temperature and ambient pressure through the simultaneous addition of a dual‐functional surfactant and zinc oxide (ZnO). The synthesis time was only 1 min, with a space–time yield (STY) for the as‐synthesized H‐HKUST−1 as high as 3.1 × 104 kg⋅m−3⋅d−1, which is at least one order of magnitude higher than previously reported results. The present approach opens up new avenues for the templated synthesis of stable H−MOFs with tunable porosity and high stability for a wide range of applications.
Impacts of using lakes and rivers for extraction and disposal of heat
Authors: Gaudard Adrien , Weber Christine , Alexander Timothy J. , Hunziker Stefan , Schmid Martin 
Published: May 2018

The extraction and disposal of heat from lakes and rivers is a large yet scarcely exploited source of renewable energy, which can partly replace fossil fuel heating and electrical cooling systems. Its use is expected to increase in the near future, which brings attention to the impacts of discharging thermally altered water into aquatic systems. Our review indicates that thermal discharge affects physical and ecological processes, with impacts recorded at all levels of biological organization. Many in situ studies found local effects of thermal discharge (such as attraction or avoidance of mobile organisms), while impacts at the scale of the whole water body were rarely detected. In complex systems, diffuse impacts of thermal discharge are difficult to disentangle from natural variability or other anthropogenic influences. Discharge of warm water in summer is likely to be most critical, especially in the context of climate change. Under this scenario, water temperatures may reach maxima that negatively affect some species. Given the diversity and complexity of the impacts of thermal pollution on aquatic systems, careful planning and judicious management is required when using lakes and rivers for extraction and disposal of heat. We discuss the drivers that influence the severity of potential impacts of such thermal use, and the options available to avoid or mitigate these impacts (such as adapting the operating conditions).This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water Quality
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
TCP Performance over Current Cellular Access: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Atxutegi Eneko , Arvidsson Åke , Liberal Fidel , Grinnemo Karl-Johan , Brunstrom Anna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMobile Internet usage has increased significantly over the last decade and it is expected to grow to almost 4 billion users by 2020. Even after the great effort dedicated to improving the performance, there still exist unresolved questions and problems regarding the interaction between TCP and mobile broadband technologies such as LTE. This chapter presents a thorough investigation of the behavior of distinct TCP implementation under various network conditions in different LTE deployments including to which extent TCP is capable of adapting to the rapid variability of mobile networks under different network loads, with distinct flow types, during start-up phase and in mobile scenarios at different speeds. Loss-based algorithms tend to completely fill the queue, creating huge standing queues and inducing packet losses both under stillness and mobility circumstances. On the other side delay-based variants are capable of limiting the standing queue size and decreasing the amount of packets that are dropped in the eNodeB, but under some circumstances they are not able to reach the maximum capacity. Similarly, under mobility in which the radio conditions are more challenging for TCP, the loss-based TCP implementations offer better throughput and are able to better utilize available resources than the delay-based variants do. Finally, CUBIC under highly variable circumstances usually enters congestion avoidance phase prematurely, provoking a slower and longer start-up phase due to the use of Hybrid Slow-Start mechanism. Therefore, CUBIC is unable to efficiently utilize radio resources during shorter transmission sessions.
Prospective cohort study of pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in women with asthma
Authors: Fazel Nasrin , Kundi Michael , Jensen-Jarolim Erika , Pali-Schöll Isabella , Kazemzadeh Asghar , Abdizadeh Mojtaba Fattahi , Esmaily Habibollah , Akbarzadeh Roya , Ahmadi Raheleh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is the most common potentially serious medical complication in pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between maternal asthma and a spectrum of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.MethodsEvents during pregnancy and birth outcome were evaluated in 34 asthmatic as well as 1569 non-asthmatic pregnant women who were enrolled in a prospective cohort study undertaken at the antenatal clinics of Mobini Hospital in Iran. The women were interviewed and classified according to clinical severity and asthma control as per GINA guidelines. Information on asthma symptoms was collected by a questionnaire as well as by spirometry and physical examination. All subjects were followed until delivery, and postpartum charts were reviewed to assess neonatal and maternal outcomes. Eosinophil cells counts were obtained and total IgE was measured by ELISA. Results were assessed by multivariate logistic regression adjusting for maternal age and parity, and for birth outcomes, for gestational diabetes, and hypertension/pre-eclampsia.ResultsThe well-known relationship between family history of asthma and asthma in pregnancy was again supported (p < 0.001). Women with asthma had more bleeding events 3 weeks or more before delivery (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.41–7.26), more often placenta problems (OR 6.86, 95% CI 1.42–33.02), and gestational diabetes mellitus (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.06–13.75). No significant differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic mothers regarding duration of gestation, birthweight, low Apgar scores, or neonatal respiratory difficulties were found. Total IgE antibody levels and eosinophil counts did not differ by asthma control and severity.ConclusionsAsthma in pregnancy poses some risk for pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes. Managing asthma effectively throughout pregnancy could benefit women and their babies and help to reduce the health burden associated with asthma during pregnancy.
Getting with the times: a&nbsp;narrative review of the literature on group decision making in virtual environments and implications for promotions committees
Authors: Acai Anita , Sonnadara Ranil R. , O’Neill Thomas A. 
Published: May 2018

Introduction Concerns around the time and administrative burden of trainee promotion processes have been reported, making virtual meetings an attractive option for promotions committees in undergraduate and postgraduate medicine. However, whether such meetings can uphold the integrity of decision-making processes has yet to be explored. This narrative review aimed to summarize the literature on decision making in virtual teams, discuss ways to improve the effectiveness of virtual teams, and explore their implications for practice. Methods In August 2017, the Web of Science platform was searched with the terms ‘decision making’ AND ‘virtual teams’ for articles published within the last 20 years. The search yielded 336 articles, which was narrowed down to a final set of 188 articles. A subset of these, subjectively deemed to be of high-quality and relevant to the work of promotions committees, was included in this review. Results Virtual team functioning was explored with respect to team composition and development, idea generation and selection, group memory, and communication. While virtual teams were found to potentially offer a number of key benefits over face-to-face meetings including convenience and scheduling flexibility, inclusion of members at remote sites, and enhanced idea generation and external storage, these benefits must be carefully weighed against potential challenges involving planning and coordination, integration of perspectives, and relational conflict among members, all of which can potentially reduce decision-making quality. Discussion Avenues to address these issues and maximize the outcomes of virtual promotions meetings are offered in light of the evidence.
Premature Ejaculation Among Italian Men: Prevalence and Clinical Correlates From an Observational, Non-Interventional, Cross-Sectional, Epidemiological Study (IPER)
Authors: Verze Paolo , Arcaniolo Davide , Palmieri Alessandro , Cai Tommaso , La Rocca Roberto , Franco Marco , Venturino Luca , De Sio Marco , Mirone Vincenzo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Introduction
There is a great variability in the prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE) worldwide and only few data are available about the Italian population.

Aim
To determine the prevalence of PE in the adult male population in Italy.

Methods
Adult men 18 to 80 years old who were sexually active were randomly sampled from patient lists of general practitioners in Italy and were included in this observational, non-interventional, cross-sectional epidemiologic study from January to July 2015.

Main Outcome Measures
Subjects were asked to complete general questionnaires on anthropometric data, lifestyle, education, occupation, economic conditions, general health status, comorbidities, and sexual habits: the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function, and the Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire–Male.

Results
1,104 subjects were recruited. Mean age was 45.6 years. Mean prevalence of PE based on PEDT score (≥11) was 18.5%, and 12.4% self-reported an intravaginal ejaculatory latency time shorter than 1 minute. Prevalence of PE proportionally increased with age. 64.6% of patients presented lifelong PE vs 35.4% of patients who reported acquired PE. Estimated prevalence of coexisting PE and erectile dysfunction was 7.0%. Furthermore, overall quality of sexual life was significantly worse in men with PE (P = .006). Enrolled men reported an overall rate of sexual problems in their partners of approximately 30%. 31.3% of patients with PE did not seek help for their dysfunction. No significant differences were noted between patients with and without PE for body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, physical activity, education, economic conditions, and marital status.

Conclusions
PE has a high prevalence in the Italian male population, increases with age, and heavily affects quality of life in patients and their partners. Encouraging data exist concerning the percentage of patients seeking help for their condition.
Colorectal adenocarcinoma staging of patients in a public tertiary hospital in the state of Grande do Sul
Authors: Berg Elias de Mattos , Ruszczyk Juliana Vasconcelos de Abreu , Moschetti Laura , Carvalho Luciano Pinto de , Koshimizu Ruy Takashi , Koppe Daniela Cerqueira 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer has the second highest prevalence and the third highest incidence in the world. Mortality is directly related to the stage of the disease.
Objective To evaluate the staging of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma treated at the Coloproctology Department of the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição between 2010 and 2015.
Method Prevalence study. Data collection was performed retrospectively through a survey in the electronic system of the Hospital Group Conceição, seeking all patients with ICD 10 C18, C19 and C20 who were attended at the Coloproctology Department between 2010 and 2015.
Results Four hundred and twenty patients were eligible for the study. The mean age was 65.6 years (±12.8). Regarding staging, we observed the following distribution: 7.9%, stage I; 23.6%, stage II; 37.6%, stage III; and 30.2%, stage IV. The percentage of patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma (stage III + stage IV) is 67.8%. Regarding the origin, 51% of the patients were attended at the emergency department.
Conclusion Most patients treated at this hospital have advanced disease (67%) and come from the emergency department (51%).
The Feasibility of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise in Patients With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Stavres Jon , Singer Tyler J. , Brochetti Amber , Kilbane Martin J. , Brose Steven W. , McDaniel John 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundBlood flow restriction (BFR) exercise, which already has shown promise in the able‐bodied population, may be a novel method for improving muscle function in the incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) population. However, the feasibility and tolerance for BFR exercise in this population is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility and safety of BFR exercise in the iSCI population, with special attention paid to acute hemodynamic changes and the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).DesignWithin‐subjects repeated measures design.SettingOutpatient SCI rehabilitation unit in a Veterans Affairs medical center.ParticipantsNine individuals with varying levels of iSCI and varying functional abilities.MethodsSubjects performed a trial of unilateral BFR knee extension (3 × 10) with, and without, BFR (125% of venous occlusion pressure) in a counterbalanced order.Main Outcome MeasurementsAcute autonomic dysreflexia risk, total work, pain, perceived difficulty, muscle activation, lactate, hemodynamics, and tissue oxygenation were compared between conditions. Each subject was screened for a DVT at baseline and returned for a quantitative D‐dimer assessment 3‐4 days after the protocol.ResultsAll subjects were able to complete each BFR trial without showing signs of autonomic dysreflexia or DVT formation. No differences were observed for pain, perceived effort, muscular activation, or lactate between BFR and control exercise. Mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure both increased with exercise (18.8% and 17.6% in BFR, and 19.4% and 19.6% in control, respectively; P < .05) but were not different between conditions. Oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin saturation both increased during BFR exercise (+12.3 ± 96.7 and +105.4 ± 76.7, respectively), whereas tissue oxygenation index decreased (–6.5 ± 3.0%; P < .05 for all comparisons).ConclusionsResults suggest that controlled BFR exercise can be safely performed by individuals with iSCI without added cardiovascular strain or heightened pain.Level of EvidenceIV
Digital technologies as biomarkers, clinical outcomes assessment, and recruitment tools in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials
Authors: Gold Michael , Amatniek Joan , Carrillo Maria C. , Cedarbaum Jesse M. , Hendrix James A. , Miller Bradley B. , Robillard Julie M. , Rice J. Jeremy , Soares Holly , Tome Maria B. , Tarnanas Ioannis , Vargas Gabriel , Bain Lisa J. , Czaja Sara J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDigital technology is transforming the development of drugs for Alzheimer's disease and was the topic of the Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable on its May 23–24, 2017 meeting. Research indicates that wearable devices and unobtrusive passive sensors that enable the collection of frequent or continuous, objective, and multidimensional data during daily activities may capture subtle changes in cognition and functional capacity long before the onset of dementia. The potential to exploit these technologies to improve clinical trials as both recruitment and retention tools as well as for potential end points was discussed. The implications for the collection and use of large amounts of data, lessons learned from other related disease areas, ethical concerns raised by these new technologies, and regulatory issues were also covered in the meeting. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of these new technologies for future use were discussed.
Predictors of antidepressant use in the English population: analysis of the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey
Authors: Boyle S. , Murphy J. , Rosato M. , Boduszek D. , Shevlin M. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesThe rate of antidepressant use in the United Kingdom has outpaced diagnostic increases in the prevalence of depression. Research has suggested that personal and socioeconomic risk factors may be contributing to antidepressant use. To date, few studies have addressed these possible contributions. Thus, this study aimed to assess the relative strength of personal, socioeconomic and trauma-related risk factors in predicting antidepressant use.MethodsData were derived from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (n=7403), a nationally representative household sample of adults residing in England in 2007. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was developed to assess the associations between personal, socioeconomic and trauma-related risk factors and current antidepressant use.ResultsThe strongest predictor of current antidepressant use was meeting the criteria for an ICD-10 depressive episode [odds ratio (OR)=9.04]. Other significant predictors of antidepressant use in this analysis included English as first language (OR=3.45), female gender (OR=1.98), unemployment (OR=1.82) and childhood sexual abuse (OR=1.53).ConclusionsSeveral personal, socioeconomic and trauma-related factors significantly contributed to antidepressant use in the multivariate model specified. These findings aid our understanding of the broader context of antidepressant use in the United Kingdom.
Resiliency and Pitfalls of Crisis Regimes: Reimagining The Future of Turkey's Democracy through the Lens of the Indian Emergency
Authors: Sezgin Yüksel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFive days after the attempted coup d’état of 15 July 2016, a state of emergency was declared in Turkey. Under the emergency rule, constitutional rights and liberties are suspended and parliament and the courts are reduced to the regime's rubber stamp, while the country is ruled by one man through decrees. While many question how the legal and political developments in Turkey will unfold, and whether and how the democratic backslide and decline in rule of law can be reversed, Indira Gandhi's emergency (1975–77) offers a useful historical heuristic case. With striking similarities to the conditions in Turkey today, during the Indian emergency the judiciary, especially the Indian Supreme Court (ISC), was subjugated to the will of Prime Minister Gandhi through means of constitutional amendments and political appointments that compromised the integrity of justices. Yet, shortly after the end of emergency the ISC regained the trust and respect of the Indian people, thereby playing an instrumental role in the restoration of Indian democracy. Through a close analysis of the Indian emergency rule, the present article explores the conditions of democratic survival and whether and how the Turkish judiciary can reclaim its independence, spearhead a rights revolution, and help restore the democratic order.
Dialectics of Reform and Repression: Unpacking Turkey's Authoritarian “Turn”
Authors: Erensü Sinan , Alemdaroğlu Ayça 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTwenty-first century Turkey has been shaped by two conflicting trends: all-encompassing reform in almost all aspects of law that were transformative if not altogether progressive, and an increasing erosion of the rule of law, which finally culminated in a nation-wide emergency regime and the April 2017 constitutional referendum. The pressing question for many is why the promising reform era was abandoned for crude repression? In this essay, we answer this question by challenging its very foundation and pointing instead to an alternative line of inquiry concerning Turkish politics and society, one that focuses precisely on the interplay between reform and repression. The constitutional referendum of April 2017 compels observers and scholars of Turkey to reevaluate the interplay between reform and repression. Rather than reading contemporary Turkey as a case of relapse from reform into repression, as many commentators do, we suggest approaching reform and repression as concomitant and complementary modes of government.
Role of neutrophils in equine asthma
Authors: Uberti Benjamin , Morán Gabriel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeutrophilic bronchiolitis is the primary lesion in asthma-affected horses. Neutrophils are key actors in host defense, migrating toward sites of inflammation and infection, where they act as early responder cells toward external insults. However, neutrophils can also mediate tissue damage in various non-infectious inflammatory processes. Within the airways, these cells likely contribute to bronchoconstriction, mucus hypersecretion, and pulmonary remodeling by releasing pro-inflammatory mediators, including the cytokines interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-17, neutrophil elastase, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The mechanisms that regulate neutrophil functions in the tissues are complex and incompletely understood. Therefore, the inflammatory activity of neutrophils must be regulated with exquisite precision and timing, a task achieved through a complex network of mechanisms that regulates neutrophil survival. The discovery and development of compounds that can help regulate ROS, NET formation, cytokine release, and clearance would be highly beneficial in the design of therapies for this disease in horses. In this review, neutrophil functions during inflammation will be discussed followed by a discussion of their contribution to airway tissue injury in equine asthma.