bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome interventions in human health and diseases
Authors: Nie Pengqing , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Yimeng , Zhang Yubing , Zhao Mengna , Luo Jie , Du Shiming , Deng Zixin , Chen Jincao , Wang Yunfu , Chen Shi , Wang Lianrong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOngoing studies have determined that the gut microbiota is a major factor influencing both health and disease. Host genetic factors and environmental factors contribute to differences in gut microbiota composition and function. Intestinal dysbiosis is a cause or a contributory cause for diseases in multiple body systems, ranging from the digestive system to the immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, and even nervous system. Investigation of pathogenesis has identified specific species or strains, bacterial genes, and metabolites that play roles in certain diseases and represent potential drug targets. As research progresses, gut microbiome–based diagnosis and therapy are proposed and applied, which might lead to considerable progress in precision medicine. We further discuss the limitations of current studies and potential solutions.
Genetic Stock Identification Reveals That Angler Harvest Is Representative of Cryptic Stock Proportions in a High-Profile Kokanee Fishery
Authors: Ward Hillary G. M. , Askey Paul J. , Weir Tyler , Frazer Karen K. , Russello Michael A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Estimating fishery harvest and spawning escapement (spawning stock size) are critical components of fisheries management; however, they can be particularly challenging to measure in systems where visually indistinguishable, but reproductively isolated populations mix within a single fishing area. Genetic stock identification is a common tool used in such mixed-stock fisheries to improve estimates of spawning escapement and productivity; however, there are few references for management applications, particularly for inland recreational fisheries. The kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka population in Wood Lake, British Columbia, is a highly productive and valuable mixed-stock fishery that includes two reproductively distinct ecotypes: shore- and stream-spawning. Enumeration of shore-spawning kokanee is logistically challenging, as the spawning population is not confined to a defined area or depth like stream-spawners. Here, we combined in-lake sampling (angler harvest and age-0 trawl samples) over a 9-year period (2008–2016) with genetic stock identification and Bayesian statistics to develop a new method for enumerating shore-spawning kokanee. Our results suggest that angler-harvested kokanee are representative of the spawner age structure and stock proportions. Therefore, we used the angler harvest sample combined with known stream-spawner escapement to reconstruct the shore-spawner escapement time series. Shore-spawner abundance varied between 2,040 spawners and 13,460 spawners across years, which is over four times that previously predicted using the peak estimate of visual survey counts. Our results demonstrate the recovery of both the shore- and stream-spawning kokanee in Wood Lake following a well-documented crash in 2011 and suggest that a larger harvestable surplus is available for this high-value kokanee fishery.
A guidance framework to aid in the selection of nursing and midwifery care process metrics and indicators
Authors: Murphy Fiona , Doody Owen , Lyons Rosemary , Brenner Maria , O’Connor Laserina , Hunter Andrew , Devane Declan , Sezgin Duygu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo describe the development of a guidance framework to assist nurses and midwives in selecting nursing and midwifery care process metrics and indicators for use in practice.BackgroundProcess metrics are measures of care provision activities by nurses and midwives.MethodsPhase 1 was a rapid review assessment of the literature conducted to identify an initial framework. Six electronic databases were searched with Google Scholar and reference tracking performed. Phase 2 was expert review of the developing framework by nursing and midwifery experts in practice, academia and an international expert in quality care metrics.ResultsThe literature assessment yielded 28 papers with 59 metric attributes identified. From this, a six‐domain framework was developed. Following expert review, the framework was reduced to four domains: “Process Focused,” “Important,” “Operational” and “Feasible.”ConclusionsThis is the first framework specifically to guide nurses and midwives in selecting nursing and midwifery process metrics and indicators.
DIY artificial pancreas systems: here to stay?
Authors: Crabtree Thomas SJ , McLay Alasdair , Wilmot Emma G 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDiabetes technology has been advancing rapidly over recent years. While some of this is driven by medical technology companies, a lot of the driving force for these developments comes from people living with diabetes (#WeAreNotWaiting) who have developed their own ‘do‐it‐yourself’ artificial pancreas systems (DIY APS) using continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps and smartphone technology to run algorithms shared freely with the intent of improving quality of life and glycaemic control. Existing evidence, although observational, seems promising but more robust data are required to establish the safety and outcomes. This is unregulated technology and the off‐label use of interstitial glucose monitors and insulin pumps can be disconcerting for people living with diabetes, health care professionals, organisations, and diabetes technology companies alike.Here we discuss the principles of DIY APS, the outcomes observed so far and the feedback from users, and debate the ethical issues which arise before looking to the future and newer technologies on the horizon. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons.
All‐cause pneumonia in children after the introduction of pneumococcal vaccines in the United Kingdom: A population‐based study
Authors: Lau Wallis C.Y. , Bielicki Julia , Tersigni Chiara , Saxena Sonia , Wong Ian C.K. , Sharland Mike , Hsia Yingfen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeTo explore the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in preventing childhood pneumonia in the United Kingdom.MethodsWe carried out a population‐based study to assess the trend of all‐cause pneumonia in children aged under 10 years between 2002 and 2012. Data were obtained from the IMS Disease Analyser, a primary care database in the United Kingdom. Three time periods were defined to estimate monthly incidence: pre‐PCV7 (January 2002 to August 2006), post‐PCV7 (September 2006 to March 2010), and post‐PCV13 (April 2010 to December 2012). Interrupted time series analysis (ITS) was performed to assess any immediate change or gradual change in the monthly incidence of pneumonia between prevaccination and postvaccination introduction.ResultsA total of 4228 children with at least one all‐cause pneumonia episode were identified. The overall annual incidence rate of all‐cause pneumonia declined by 37% from 3.8 episodes/1000 person‐years in 2002 to 2.4 episodes/1000 person‐years in 2012. Results of ITS analyses indicated that the incidence did not decline immediately after the introduction of PCV7 and PCV13. The incidence declined gradually in children aged under 2 years (IRR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97‐0.99) post PCV7 and levelled off during post PCV13 (IRR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99‐1.02). No significant changes in incidence trend was observed in children aged 2 to 4 years (IRR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.68‐1.07) and 5 to 9 years (IRR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.73‐1.15) after PCV13 introduction.ConclusionsIn the United Kingdom, the incidence of all‐cause pneumonia in children under 2 years declined after the introduction of PCV7 and levelled off in the first 2 years of introduction of PCV13. Continual monitoring is warranted to assess the population impact of PCV13 in preventing childhood pneumonia in the long term.
Dyadic associations between perceived social support and cancer patient and caregiver health: An actor‐partner interdependence modeling approach
Authors: Kelley Dannielle E. , Kent Erin E. , Litzelman Kristin , Mollica Michelle A. , Rowland Julia H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveSocial support may have a positive impact on health outcomes for patients and caregivers, but the extent to which social support and health outcomes are interrelated for both is unknown. We examine the dyadic interrelationships between social support and health among cancer patients and their caregivers.MethodsLung and colorectal cancer (CRC) patient and caregiver dyadic data were obtained from the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium. Patients and caregivers self‐reported sociodemographic, social support, and caregiving characteristics at 5 (n = 218 lung; n = 222 CRC) or 12 months post‐diagnosis (n = 198 lung; n = 290 CRC). Structural equation modeling was used to examine actor‐partner interdependence models (APIM) of lung and CRC dyads at 5 and 12 months post‐diagnosis.ResultsAt 5 months post‐diagnosis, no interdependence between patient and caregiver social support was detected for CRC or lung dyads (all P > 0.05). At 12 months post diagnosis, no interdependence was detected for CRC dyads (all P > 0.70); lung dyads showed complete interdependence, indicating patient social support is associated with better caregiver self‐reported health (β = 0.15, P < 0.001), and caregiver social support is associated with better patient self‐reported health (β = 0.18, P < 0.001).ConclusionSocial support has a positive impact on patient and caregiver perceived health across the cancer trajectory, and these effects may differ by cancer site and time. Future research and translational efforts are needed to identify effective ways to bolster both patient and caregiver social support and to determine critical moments for intervention.
Cell Encapsulation in Soft, Anisometric Poly(ethylene) Glycol Microgels Using a Novel Radical‐Free Microfluidic System
Authors: Guerzoni Luis P. B. , Rose Jonas C. , Gehlen David B. , Jans Alexander , Haraszti Tamàs , Wessling Matthias , Kuehne Alexander J. C. , De Laporte Laura 
Published: April 2019

AbstractComplex 3D artificial tissue constructs are extensively investigated for tissue regeneration. Frequently, materials and cells are delivered separately without benefitting from the synergistic effect of combined administration. Cell delivery inside a material construct provides the cells with a supportive environment by presenting biochemical, mechanical, and structural signals to direct cell behavior. Conversely, the cell/material interaction is poorly understood at the micron scale and new systems are required to investigate the effect of micron‐scale features on cell functionality. Consequently, cells are encapsulated in microgels to avoid diffusion limitations of nutrients and waste and facilitate analysis techniques of single or collective cells. However, up to now, the production of soft cell‐loaded microgels by microfluidics is limited to spherical microgels. Here, a novel method is presented to produce monodisperse, anisometric poly(ethylene) glycol microgels to study cells inside an anisometric architecture. These microgels can potentially direct cell growth and can be injected as rod‐shaped mini‐tissues that further assemble into organized macroscopic and macroporous structures post‐injection. Their aspect ratios are adjusted with flow parameters, while mechanical and biochemical properties are altered by modifying the precursors. Encapsulated primary fibroblasts are viable and spread and migrate across the 3D microgel structure.
Multivalent Effect in Glycosidase Inhibition: The End of the Beginning
Authors: Compain Philippe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGlycosidases are ubiquitous enzymes involved in a diversity of key biological processes such as energy uptake or cell wall degradation. The design of specific glycosidase inhibitors has been therefore the subject of intense research efforts in academia and pharmaceutical industry. However, until recently, the study of the impact of multivalency on glycosidase inhibition was almost completely neglected. The following account will review our ten year journey on the design of multivalent glycomimetics within our research group, from the discovery of the first strong multivalent effect in glycosidase inhibition to the high‐resolution crystal structures of Jack bean α‐mannosidase in complex with the multimeric inhibitor displaying the largest binding enhancements reported so far.
Strategy as Dialogue and Engagement
Authors: Aarrevaara Timo , Pinheiro Rómulo , Söderlind Johan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis chapter illuminates two critical aspects underpinning university life in the Nordic countries, namely, who gets involved with strategic processes and to what extent these processes affect behaviour across the organisation. Participation in strategy work was found to be unstable, which in turn further weakens the legitimacy of the strategy. The comparative data also show that some academic staff are not involved in the strategy process at all, and hence do not relate their daily tasks to the goals and/or values expressed in the strategy. The importance of strategies appears to lie in recognising the relevant problems, values, and normative postures, including the excellence and relevance of universities. The findings have implications for policy, practice, and future research inquiries on the topic.
Governing Performance in the Nordic Universities: Where Are We Heading and What Have We Learned?
Authors: Geschwind Lars , Hansen Hanne Foss , Pinheiro Rómulo , Pulkkinen Kirsi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this final chapter, we revisit the overall aims of the volume and discuss the findings and implications for theory, policy, and practice. The general aim of the project has been to study the effects of the changing conditions of the environment under which Nordic higher education institutions operated during the period 2003–2013. A conceptual framework inspired by a typology developed by Johan P. Olsen was applied, focusing on various aspects of governance of universities and also stressing the ability of universities—as institutions—to resist, adapt, and respond to change initiatives from external and internal actors. Based on rich sources of data, including statistics, interviews from eight universities, and a survey to academics, managers, and administrators, the chapter discusses some key takeaways. The study shows that reforms with similar, rationalist agendas have been launched across the four countries. However, our survey and interview data reveal more nuanced and multifaceted experiences, more closely related to institutionalist view of universities.
Fingering instability on curved substrates: optimal initial film and substrate perturbations
Authors: Balestra Gioele , Badaoui Mohamed , Ducimetière Yves-Marie , Gallaire François 
Published: April 2019

We investigate the stability of a thin Newtonian fluid spreading on a horizontal cylinder under the action of gravity. The capillary ridge forming at the advancing front is known to be unstable with respect to spanwise perturbations, resulting in the formation of fingers. In contrast to the classic case of a flow over an inclined plane, the gravity components along a cylindrical substrate vary in space and the draining flow is time-dependent, making a modal stability analysis inappropriate. A linear optimal transient growth analysis is instead performed to find the optimal spanwise wavenumber. We not only consider the optimal perturbations of the initial film thickness, as commonly done in the literature, but also the optimal topographical perturbations of the substrate, which are of significant practical relevance. We found that, in both cases, the optimal gains are obtained when the perturbation structures are the least affected by the time horizon. The optimal spanwise wavenumber is found to be dependent on the front location, due to the dependence of the characteristic length of the capillary ridge on its polar location.
Employee engagement: Driving strategy implementation through dimensions of organisation
Authors: Nienaber Hester 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch worldwide reports low levels of employee engagement reflecting employee well-being. This observation spells dire consequences for enterprise performance, expressed as goal achievement, and attained via strategy. Strategy implementation failure adds to enterprise performance pressures, while reducing employee well-being. Research investigating employee engagement as driver of strategy implementation through dimensions of organisation is limited. This paper conceptually examines how employee engagement can be enhanced while driving strategy implementation through dimensions of organisation. The Nienaber and Martins (2015,Journal of Contemporary Management, 12(1), 401–425) survey results serve as illustration. The conclusions arrived at here show that all six factors – at individual, team/unit, and enterprise levels – can be classified according to the dimensions of organisation. Moreover, the dimensions of organisation are not necessarily mutually exclusive, but rather interrelated, and influence employee engagement in unexpected ways. The contribution of this paper stems from the promise that dimensions of organisation serve as mechanism to drive strategy implementation via employee engagement.
The North Atlantic Fish Revolution (ca. AD 1500)
Authors: Holm Poul , Ludlow Francis , Scherer Cordula , Travis Charles , Allaire Bernard , Brito Cristina , Hayes Patrick W. , Matthews J. Al , Rankin Kieran J. , Breen Richard J. , Legg Robert , Lougheed Kevin , Nicholls John 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe propose the concept of the “Fish Revolution” to demarcate the dramatic increase in North Atlantic fisheries after AD 1500, which led to a 15-fold increase of cod (Gadus morhua) catch volumes and likely a tripling of fish protein to the European market. We consider three key questions: (1) What were the environmental parameters of the Fish Revolution? (2) What were the globalising effects of the Fish Revolution? (3) What were the consequences of the Fish Revolution for fishing communities? While these questions would have been considered unknowable a decade or two ago, methodological developments in marine environmental history and historical ecology have moved information about both supply and demand into the realm of the discernible. Although much research remains to be done, we conclude that this was a major event in the history of resource extraction from the sea, mediated by forces of climate change and globalisation, and is likely to provide a fruitful agenda for future multidisciplinary research.
Is there a female cycle of violence after exposure to childhood maltreatment? A meta-analysis
Authors: Augsburger Mareike , Basler Kayley , Maercker Andreas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated a vicious cycle of violence, in which experiences of childhood maltreatment (CM) transition into later perpetration of aggressive acts. But evidence for the presence of this cycle in adult women is mixed. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the strength of associations and the mechanisms underlying a cycle of violence in women. Databases were searched for terms related to female aggression, violence, delinquency, antisocial behavior, or offending in addition to exposure to traumatic experiences, abuse, or maltreatment during childhood. Only peer-reviewed studies were included that investigated associations between any type of CM and different acts of aggression. Multi-level meta-analyses were applied, as well as meta-regressions, all based on Cohen's d. K = 34 studies were identified. The overall association between exposure to CM was in the positive but small range (Cohen's d = 0.30). There was no significant difference between specific types of abuse and/or neglect. However, associations were smaller for the perpetration of sexual aggression and violent crime compared with other acts of aggression. These findings underline the long-lasting and devastating impact of CM, including types of maltreatment that were long assumed to be less severe. Due to the limited number of available studies, interactions between types of CM and aggression could not be modeled, thus compromising their probable interacting contribution to the cycle of violence. Early interventions targeting families and women at risk are critical in order to prevent ongoing cycles of violence.
Distant Taklimakan Desert as an Important Source of Aeolian Deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau as Evidenced by Carbonate Minerals
Authors: Meng Xianqiang , Liu Lianwen , Zhao Wancang , He Tong , Chen Jun , Ji Junfeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt is generally agreed that the aeolian loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is derived from adjacent upwind arid areas, mainly including the Qaidam Desert, Alxa arid area, and Ordos Desert. However, the mineralogical and geochemical compositions of aeolian materials show several inconsistencies between these adjacent source areas and the CLP. Here, we compare the distribution of carbonate minerals in bulk samples and the <63‐μm fraction from upwind deserts to six loess sections from the CLP. The results show that the detrital dolomite and total carbonate, which are abundant in the loess of the CLP, are concentrated in the Taklimakan Desert rather than adjacent source areas. This finding suggests that the distant Taklimakan Desert is an important source of aeolian deposits on the CLP, reconciling the mineralogical and geochemical inconsistencies between CLP and adjacent areas.
Simulation of Lunar Soil With Irregularly Shaped, Crushable Grains: Effects of Grain Shapes on the Mechanical Behaviors
Authors: Khademian Zoheir , Kim Eunhye , Nakagawa Masami 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOne of the challenges to overcome in Moon mining operations, such as soil handling, drilling, excavation, and wheeled movement, is understanding the mechanical behaviors of lunar soil, which is composed of grains characterized by highly irregular shapes. The impracticality of performing mechanical experiments on lunar soil samples has made computational techniques useful for exploring the mechanical behaviors of lunar soil. This paper uses particle flow code and describes a procedure for simulating lunar soil grains with specific size, shape, and strength distributions. We adopt data from soil samples 64501 and 60501 retrieved in Apollo 16. Lunar soil samples are simulated as assemblies of different shapes of grains consisting of rigid spheres connected through parallel bonds. We classify grains into four categories based on their shape: agglutinate, breccia A, breccia B, and plagioclase. We simulate each grain based on available imaging studies on their shape characteristics. We reveal the significance of grain shape irregularity through angle‐of‐repose tests on samples with and without irregularly shaped agglutinates. Results show that the shape irregularity increases the angle of repose by 6°. We repeat the test under different gravitational acceleration ranging from 0.1 to 25 m/s2 and show that for values below about 10 m/s2, the angle of repose is inversely related to the gravity but above 10 m/s2, remains independent of the gravity. We perform triaxial compression tests to investigate behaviors of simulated samples under confined loadings. The confinement varies from zero to 15 kPa, corresponding to the lateral in situ stress at depths up to 250 cm. The cohesion and friction angle derived from the triaxial tests are shown to agree with the lab and in situ measurements. This numerical practice and presented methodology pave the way for full‐scale simulation of mining operations on the Moon surface.