bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erythrokinetic Studies in Severe Bone Marrow Failure of Diverse Etiology
Authors: GEVIRTZ NORMAN R. , BERLIN NATHANIEL I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Erythropoiesis was studied in seven patients with refractory anemia.
2. In all seven patients the total red cell volume was low and the plasma volume elevated.
3. The serum iron was elevated and iron binding protein saturated in six of seven patients.
4. The T½ for clearance plasma Fe59 was decreased in one, normal in two, and increased in four patients.
5. The red cell iron turnover was decreased in six of seven patients.
6. Radioiron accumulated in liver and spleen.
7. Red cell life span was difficult to measure but probably shortened.
8. Androgen therapy in two cases was ineffective, and was associated with a slight effect in one patient.
The Plasma Disappearance of Radioactive Vitamin B12 in Myeloproliferative Diseases and Other Blood Disorders
Authors: HALL CHARLES A. , Finkler Alexander E. , Allen Edward S. , Moore Booker T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The plasma disappearance of a small intravenous dose of radioactive vitamin B12 was determined in control subjects and in patients with various blood disorders.
2. A delayed, sometimes irregular, disappearance was observed in the majority of patients with acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia, myeloid metaplasia, and polycythemia vera.
3. Disappearance was normal in the lymphogenous leukemias, secondary polycythemia and relative polycythemia.
4. The abnormalities observed are believed to indicate an abnormality of vitamin B12 metabolism common to the diseases of the myeloproliferative group and are further evidence of the close relationship between these diseases.
Studies on the Fate of Lymphocytes. I. Labeling Small Thymic Lymphocytes with Tritiated Thymidine
Authors: MURRAY RAYMOND G. , MURRAY ASSIA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A procedure is described whereby 0.5 ml. suspensions containing 3-5 x 108 small lymphocytes per ml., nearly 50 per cent of which were labeled with H3 thymidine, have been prepared from rat thymus. Repeated doses of thymidine totaling 7-8 µc/Gm. and from two to three days were required to produce this percentage, and it is suggested that longer times would not be much more effective. Preliminary results indicate that cells of such suspensions injected in irradiated hosts are widely distributed, do not appear to disintegrate rapidly or to be massively ingested by the macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system, and are still present in good condition one and two days after injection.
Foamy Histiocytes in Spleens Removed for Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: CZERNOBILSKY BERNARD , FREEDMAN HOWARD H. , FRUMIN ABRAHAM M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Foamy histiocytes with mucopolysaccharide granules are reported in 3 of 47 spleens removed from patients with the clinical picture of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
2. The absence of lipid in these histiocytes is demonstrated in one case.
3. These cells resemble the foam cells of thalassemia by their mucopolysaccharide content and absence of lipid.
4. The possibility of a histiocytosis manifesting as ITP is suggested.
Marrow Transplants in Lethally Irradiated Dogs Given Methotrexate
Authors: THOMAS E. DONNALL , COLLINS JOHN A. , HERMAN EMERY C. , FERREBEE JOSEPH W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This report describes 41 dogs that received 1200-1600 r of whole body irradiation followed by infusions of homologous marrow. The clinical and hematologic events in these animals are described.
Five dogs given Methotrexate following irradiation lived beyond four months and appeared to have survived the period of secondary syndromes.
Co60 Vitamin B12 Binding Capacity of Human Leukocytes
Authors: MEYER LEO M. , CRONKITE EUGENE P. , MILLER INEZ F. , MULZAC CLAIRE W , JONES IRVING 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Mature neutrophilic leukocytes show the highest Co60B12 binding capacity.
2. Less mature granulocytes, "blast" forms and eosinophils have little or no Co60B12 binding capacity.
3. Disintegrated mature leukocytes from chronic myelocytic leukemia and polycythemia vera show higher B12 binding capacity than intact cells.
4. Mature leukocytes from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia and polycythemia vera show a two-phase B12 curve suggesting specific and nonspecific binding, similar to that observed in human serum.
5. Disintegration products from mature neutrophilic leukocytes probably contribute largely to increased B12 binding capacity of serum in chronic myelocytic leukemia and polycythemia vera.
The Kinetics of Cell Proliferation in Cultures of Human Peripheral Blood
Authors: MACKINNEY ARCHIE A. , STOHLMAN FREDERICK , BRECHER GEORGE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The kinetics of growth of peripheral blood cells in tissue culture are described. There was a rapid increase of cells in DNA synthesis beginning at 24 hours and by 72 hours 40-45 per cent of the cells were in DNA synthesis. Mitotic rates of ∼ 1 per cent/hour were seen after 72 hours in cultures. Studies with tritiated thymidine and colchicine indicated that these cells represent transformed lymphocytes and do not arise from the cells in DNA synthesis at time zero or from any other small population of cells.
The Regenerative Ability of Hemopoietic Tissue Following Lethal X-Irradiation in Dogs
Authors: PERMAN VICTOR , CRONKITE EUGENE P. , BOND VICTOR P. , SORENSEN DALE K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Successful treatment of the hemopoietic phase of the acute irradiation syndrome in dogs at the LD100 (400 r) dose is possible on an individual case basis with good nursing care.
2. The onset and rate of regeneration is related to the radiation dose. Partial regeneration with subsequent death occurs with a 550 r dose.
3. The control of infection during the critical period prior to regeneration appeared to be the limiting factor in successful treatment at the dose levels used in this study.
HEMOPHILIA
Authors: CRADDOCK CHARLES G. , LAWRENCE JOHN S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Two cases of hemophilia are presented in whom the development of a circulating anticoagulant was detected. This anticoagulant was demonstrated in the whole blood, plasma, and serum of both patients.
2. Both patients became refractory to treatment with either fresh whole blood, plasma, or antihemophilic globulin (Fraction I of Cohn). In fact, the anticoagulant apparently made its appearance as a result of repeated transfusions or injections of antihemophilic globulin.
3. The anticoagulant in each case was shown not to inhibit any of the elements participating in the classical theory of clotting, i.e., prothrombin, thromboplastin, thrombin or fibrinogen. It was also demonstrated that this anticoagulant was not related to heparin in its mechanism of action.
4. Electrophoretic fractionation of the plasma was carried out, and it was found that the anticoagulant was associated with the gamma globulin fraction of plasma.
5. The demonstration of specific precipitin titres in the serum of each of these patients against antihemophilic globulin seemed to indicate that the mechanism of action of the anticoagulant was to inhibit the action of antihemophilic globulin. This was further substantiated by the in vitro inhibition of the ability of antihemophilic globulin to accelerate the coagulation time of ordinary hemophilic blood.
6. A hypothesis is presented to explain the appearance of the anticoagulant. It is believed that these two hemophiliacs are deficient in or lack antihemophilic globulin in their blood, and hence repeated injections of the globulin either in the form of whole blood, plasma, or Fraction I of Cohn results in "isoimmunization" against the injected globulin. The resulting antibodies inhibit any antihemophilic globulin which may then be injected and hence explain the refractory state exhibited by these two cases. Blood from these patients containing these antibodies likewise exerts an anticoagulant influence when added to normal blood by the same mechanism.
7. A discussion of the implications of this phenomenon in the development of a refractory phase in hemophilia is presented.
THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
Authors: SINGER KARL , BORNSTEIN FREDERICK P. , WILE SIMON A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. "Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura" is the name which we propose for a rare but well-defined disorder which manifests itself clinically as an acute febrile illness and which is characterized by (a) petechiae and ecchymoses, thrombocytopenia, prolonged bleeding time and poor clot retraction, (b) by a severe anemia out of proportion to any observed blood loss, (c) by mild acholuric jaundice, hepato-splenomegaly, (d) by bizarre and intermittent mental and neurologic symptoms and signs, and (e) by a transient leukemoid reaction in the peripheral blood.
2. This clinical picture must be correlated with a remarkable histologic pattern, namely the presence of myriads of platelet thrombi in the small arterioles and capillaries of almost all organs of the body.
3. Eleven such cases have been described in the literature. One case of our own is added.
4. The clinical features of this disease are detailed and the differential diagnosis is discussed. It is emphasized that if the physician is familiar with this syndrome a correct clinical diagnosis may become readily possible.
THE CO-EXISTENCE OF CHRONIC LEUKEMIA AND PREGNANCY
Authors: LI JONAH G. , MCBRIDE ALICE , METTIER STACY R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The co-existence of pregnancy in 4 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia has been reported. One patient was known to have had chronic myelogenous leukemia 3 years prior to her pregnancy. The diagnosis of leukemia was made during the course of pregnancy in the remaining 3 patients; 1 in the first trimester, the other 2 in the third trimester. No specific therapy was required in any of the patients during pregnancy. Their children at birth showed no stigmata of leukemia.
Current literature on the subject has been reviewed. The consensus is that pregnancy does not influence the prognosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. During the period of gestation, the symptoms can be controlled by administration of a solution of potassium arsenite (Fowler’s solution) and irradiation therapy over long bones, spleen and mediastinum without exposing the fetus.
Production of Macroglobulins in Vitro and a Study of Their Cellular Origin
Authors: ZUCKER-FRANKLIN DOROTHEA , FRANKLIN EDWARD C. , COOPER NORMAN S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lymph nodes of three patients with macroglobulinemia of Waldenström were studied in tissue culture and shown to synthesize 19S γ-globulin in vitro.
Lymph node imprints, bone marrow, and buffy coat smears of the same patients consisted almost entirely of lymphocytes. When these were stained with fluorescein-conjugated antiserum to macroglobulin, large and medium-sized lymphocytes and lymphoblasts rather than mature lymphocytes or plasma cells were shown to contain the protein.
It is suggested that 19S γ-globulin may also be synthesized by cells belonging to the lymphoid series under normal circumstances.
Clearance Kinetics of Haptoglobin-Hemoglobin Complex in the Human
Authors: FAULSTICK DYREL A. , LOWENSTEIN JEROME , YIENGST MARVIN J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 15 human Subjects the rate of clearance of haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex was rectilinear with respect to time between plasma levels of 175-20 mg. of bound hemoglobin.
Editorial: Is Hypersplenism a Dead Issue?
Authors: CROSBY WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Evidence favoring the concept of hypersplenic sequestration seems solid indeed, but it does not exclude the possibility that other splenic mechanisms may also cause cytopenic diseases. Although the evidence in favor of inhibitory hypersplenism is fragile and loopholed, there is still reason to suspect the existence of splenic humoral factors; at least there is room for argument.
Detection of Carriers for Factor IX (PTC) Deficiency
Authors: DIDISHEIM PAUL , VANDERVOORT ROBERT L. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A new assay for factor IX (PTC) is described.
2. With the use of this assay, 11 of 14 obligatory carriers of factor IX deficiency were found to have subnormal factor IX activity.
3. One of these carriers has a mild hemorrhagic history.
The Natural History of Iron Deficiency Induced by Phlebotomy
Authors: CONRAD MARCEL E. , CROSBY WILLIAM H. , Benjamin N. R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The sequence of characteristic changes of progressive iron deficiency was demonstrated by serial bleeding of normal volunteers and polycythemic patients.
2. After bloodletting, changes occurred in peripheral blood in the following order: a) fall in hemoglobin concentration; b) decreased plasma iron; c) reticulocytosis, increased MCV and MCH; d) diminution of MCV and MCH, increased total iron-binding protein; and e) decreased MCHC.
3. Characteristic changes of iron deficiency returned to prephlebotomy levels in the following sequence: a) hemoglobin concentration; b) cellular indices; c) serum iron; d) serum iron binding protein; and e) bone marrow hemosiderin, and finally the increased gastrointestinal absorption of iron reverted to normal.
4. Accelerated production of red cells continued in polycythemic patients despite the induction of moderate iron deficiency. Quality was sacrificed for quantity, and thereby a more profound microcytosis occurred than in normal subjects with a similar degree of iron deficiency.
Studies on Agranulocytosis. IV. Effects of Chlorpromazine on Nucleic Acid Synthesis of Bone Marrow Cells in Vitro
Authors: PISCIOTTA ANTHONY V. , KALDAHL JOYCE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. When viable marrow cells were incubated with tritiated thymidine and uridine, the cells became radioactive as nucleic acid synthesis proceeded.
2. Excessive concentrations of chlorpromazine (CPZ) partially inhibited the influx of thymidine and uridine into granulocytes of all patients who had had agranulocytosis due to this drug, and of about 75 per cent of random hospital patients. This drug did not effect nucleic acid synthesis in nine individuals who had been treated with a large amount of CPZ, with no alteration in their leukocyte count.
3. A comparison of the effects of dilution of CPZ upon influx of H3 thymidine into granulocytes showed significant dose-dependent depression of granulocyte labeling in CPZ sensitive persons, and no depression in granulocytes of persons on large doses of CPZ who did not develop leukopenia. Random hospital patients not on CPZ showed a degree of depression between these two groups.
4. The number of radioactive normoblasts in the marrow culture preparations diminished slightly, but not significantly, following incubation with CPZ.
5. Non-myelotoxic drugs, such as Phenergan, aspirin, penicillin, and tetracyclene had no significant effect on the degree of influx of tritated thymidine and uridine.
6. There was no effect of CPZ upon incorporation of H3 DL-leucine into marrow cells.
Kinetics of the Alkali Denaturation of Hemoglobin in the Single Erythrocyte
Authors: MATIOLI GASTONE , THORELL BO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A microspectrophotometric method was used to record the alkali denaturation kinetics of the hemoglobin in the single erythrocyte. The results showed that differently reacting types of hemoglobin were co-existing in the single cell from human fetal or adult chicken blood.
Association of Radioactive Chromium with Various Components of Hemoglobin
Authors: MALCOLM DANIEL , RANNEY HELEN M. , JACOBS ALAN S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1) When normal hemoglobin was labeled with Cr51 by incubation of whole blood with Na2Cr51O4, or by incubation of hemolysates with either Na2Cr51O4 or Cr51Cl3, most of the Cr51 activity was associated with the electrophoretically rapid hemoglobin A3. The formation of a Cr51 hemoglobin complex with an isoelectric point lower than that of hemoglobin was thought to be the most likely explanation of this finding.4
2) The radioactivity of Cr51-labeled hemolysates containing hemoglobin S, C, and A was found to be associated with the more rapid electrophoretic components. This finding supports the hypothesis of a lower isoelectric point of a Cr-hemoglobin complex.
3) The association of Cr51 activity with the polypeptide chains of hemoglobin was studied by two approaches: 1) determination of the labeling of components in hemolysates containing hemoglobin A (αA2 βA2) and hemoglobin H (βA4), and 2) determination of the labeling of polypeptide chains of Cr51-labeled normal hemoglobin separated by the method of Huehns and co-workers.12 Cr51 activity was found in both the naturally occurring β chain component (hemoglobin H) and in the β chain component prepared by the method of Huehns and co-workers.12 These findings support the hypothesis of others5,6 that β chains of hemoglobin have a greater affinity for chromium than do α chains.
Mitotic Indices of Human Bone Marrow Cells. II. The Use of Mitotic Indices for Estimation of Time Parameters of Proliferation in Serially Connected Multiplicative Cellular Compartments
Authors: KILLMANN SVEN-ÅGE , CRONKITE EUGENE P. , FLIEDNER T. M. , BOND VICTOR P. , BRECHER GEORGE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1) The use and restrictions of mitotic indices in computations of time parameters in various types of mitotable cell compartments are discussed. Mitotic time must be known, and any death function in the mitotable pool must be assumed to be negligible.
2) The importance of the position of mitosis with respect to cytologic boundaries in computations of time parameters of mitotable cytologic compartments from mitotic indices is emphasized.
3) For detailed temporal analysis of catenated mitotable compartments, the parameter "turnover time" is shown to be inadequate. A new parameter, mean compartment transit time, is introduced.
4) In a catenated series of multiplicative cell compartments where the exact position of mitoses in the compartments is not known, precise compartment transit times cannot be calculated from mitotic index. However, the maximum mean transit time of each compartment can be computed from the number of cells in the compartment divided by the cell entry rate into the compartment, and the minimum mean transit time can be computed from the number of cells in the compartment divided by the cell exit rate.
5) Generation time can be calculated from mitotic indices only if it is possible to differentiate cell generations cytologically.
Methods of Altering Nitrogen Mustard Toxicity in Dogs. I. Spleen and Mesenteric Artery Exclusion
Authors: LEMPERT NEIL , LEATHER ROBERT P. , SCHARFMAN WILLIAM B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Forty-five dogs have been treated with varying dosages of nitrogen mustard. Nineteen of these dogs were subjected to cross-clamping of the splenic vessels prior to administration of the drug. No appreciable improvement in mortality or degree of marrow depression has been found with this technic.
Exclusion of the spleen and small intestine has been found to be a practical and reliable method for protecting these organs from the effect of intravenous administration of nitrogen mustard.
A Familial Hemorrhagic Diathesis due to an Antithrombin
Authors: BROWN G. MALCOLM , DIAMANT N. E. , GALBRAITH P. R. , WILSON W. E. C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1) A familial hemorrhagic diathesis has been found to be due to an antithrombin.
2) This antithrombin is not fibrinogen, antithrombin II, III, or IV, and is not similar in its characteristics to the antithrombins described in secondary hemorrhagic conditions.
3) The inheritance of this disorder is not sex-linked but is otherwise not clear. The factor may be a dominant, the expression of which is modified by unknown factors.
The Immunologically Competent Cell ("Immunocyte") System—An Attempt at a Delineation of Cellular Relationships
Authors: Berman Lawrence 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In Dr. Lawrence Berman’s editorial, "The Immunologically Competent Cell ("Immunocyte") System—An Attempt at a Delineation of Cellular Relationships" (February BLOOD, pp. 246-249), the name of R. S. Speirs (reference No. 24 was misspelled. Our apologies to Dr. Speirs.
Evidence for the in Vivo Localization of Heterologous Anti-Leukocyte and Anti-Bone Marrow Antibodies in the Rat Bone Marrow
Authors: KUROYANAGI TAKEO , KURISU AKIRA , SUGIYAMA HAJIME 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The intravenous injection of I131-labeled heterologous anti-leukocyte and anti-bone marrow antibodies into rats resulted in a high specific in vivo localization in the bone marrow, indicating the presence of localizing anti-body.
2. No in vivo localization in lungs was demonstrated, in possible contrast to the earlier concept of pulmonary emboli of clumped leukocytes sensitized with antibodies in experimental immunoleukopenia.
3. Heterologous anti-leukocyte and anti-bone marrow antibodies injected intravenously disappeared from plasma and fixed to peripheral leukocytes and bone marrow cells within 1 hour.
The Sex-linked Drumstick Appendage Frequency as a Marker for Bone Marrow Transplantation in Monkeys
Authors: MAGLIULO E. , CROUCH B. G. , DE VRIES M. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The average values and the range of drumstick counts in the neutrophil granulocytes in males and females of a normal group of rhesus monkeys were estimated.
2. No important individual differences in counting were found between two groups of workers.
3. Irradiation and treatment with autologous bone marrow does not influence the drumstick appendage frequency.
4. The drumstick counts are an important indication of the take of a bone marrow graft when female donors and male hosts are used.
Immunologically Specific Antigens in Leukemic Tissues
Authors: GREENSPAN IRVING , BROWN ERIC R. , SCHWARTZ STEVEN O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The injection of extracts of leukemic and Hodgkin’s disease tissues of man elicit an antibody reaction in both man and rabbit. This response is similar to that elicited by leukemic mouse tissues when injected into rabbits. The antibody reaction may be demonstrated by the technics of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, immunodiffusion, microprecipitin and immunofluorescence. Tissue extracts from non-leukemic individuals do not elicit a similar response. Rabbits immune-tolerant to normal human tissues produce antibodies specific to leukemic human antigens. Antibodies develop in those individuals who are exposed for a long time to either human or mouse leukemia.
These immunologic studies demonstrate specific antigenic differences between normal and leukemic tissue extracts. It is postulated that the difference between normal and leukemic extracts is the consequence of the presence of viruses or the alterations caused by them.
The Influence of Cobalt and Sheep Erythropoietin on Radioactive Iron Incorporation in RBC of Starved Intact and Nephrectomized Rats
Authors: SANZARI NEIL P. , FISHER JAMES W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The direct-assay of cobalt and sheep erythropoietin in the nephrectomized rat revealed that removal of the kidneys reduced the erythropoietic response to cobalt but did not modify significantly the response to sheep erythropoietin. Neither sham operation nor peritoneal dialysis was observed to exert a significant influence on radioactive iron incorporation in the starved rat. A moderate elevation in plasma BUN occurred in tile dialyzed nephrectomized rats but did not modify the capacity of the nephrectomized rat to respond to erythropoietin. No significant change occurred in plasma potassium in the lavaged-nephrectomized rats. Bilateral nephrectomy was found to result in a significant reduction in total circulating red cell and blood volume. Plasma iron was significantly reduced by both nephrectomy and cobalt administration, but was not significantly influenced by sheep erythropoietin. The findings reported in these studies, as well as those of other workers, leaves little doubt that the kidney plays an "active" role in erythropoiesis. The existence of a "permissive" renal erythropoietic factor does not seem likely.