bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of obesity in children and young people with Down syndrome
Authors: O' Shea Muireann , O' Shea Carol , Gibson Louise , Leo Jennifer , Carty Catherine 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundOverweight and obesity is a growing concern among individuals with intellectual disabilities; however, little is known about the prevalence among children and youth with Down syndrome (CYDS). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity among CYDS in South West Ireland.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study measured height and weight of 61 CYDS aged 4–16 years. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and percentage body fat (PBF) was measured using bio‐electrical impendence analysis (BIA).ResultsUsing the International Obesity Task Force BMI cut‐offs, 51.6% of males and 40% of females were overweight/obese compared to 32% and 14.8%, respectively, using PBF. The mean PBF for males was 18.76 versus females 22.38 (p < .05). There is a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, particularly in males, compared to the general population of children.ConclusionsThe difference in estimation of overweight/obesity between BMI and BIA has implications for research and clinical practice.
“… but if you're afraid of things, how are you meant to belong?” What belonging means to people with intellectual disabilities?
Authors: Strnadová Iva , Johnson Kelley , Walmsley Jan 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundA policy commitment to social inclusion has brought about some positive changes in the lives of people with intellectual disabilities; yet many also continue to experience social isolation, poverty and abuse. The authors introduce a framework for belonging from the literature and then present a study exploring the views of people with intellectual disabilities about belonging. These are discussed in relation to the framework identified from the literature.MethodThree focus groups with 24 participants with intellectual disabilities were conducted in New South Wales and Victoria (Australia). The authors used inductive content analysis to identify four meanings of belonging: (i) belonging in relation to place, (ii) as being part of a community, (iii) as having relationships and (iv) as identity. Also discussed are commonly experienced barriers to belonging identified by participants.ConclusionsImplications for policy, service provision and practice are discussed.
Effect of lifestyle on 6‐year periodontitis incidence or progression and tooth loss in older adults
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Borgnakke Wenche S. , Ogawa Hiroshi , Yamaga Takayuki , Sato Misuzu , Minagawa Kumiko , Ansai Toshihiro , Yoshihara Akihiro , Miyazaki Hideo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the longitudinal association of combined healthy lifestyle factors with incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults.Materials and methodsThis 6‐year study included 374 Japanese 70‐year olds with 7,157 teeth, from a source eligible baseline population of 554 individuals. Four lifestyle factors—cigarette smoking, physical activity, relative weight, and dietary quality—were scored as healthy (1 point) or unhealthy (0 point). Adding the individual scores generated the “healthy lifestyle score” (0–4 points). Multilevel mixed‐effects logistic regression models were applied to evaluate tooth‐specific associations between the baseline healthy lifestyle score and the incidence or progression of periodontitis (increase in clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm) and tooth loss.ResultsAfter 6 years, 19.0% of the teeth exhibited periodontitis incidence or progression and 8.2% were lost. Compared with a healthy lifestyle score of 0–1 (least healthy), the highest score (4 points) was associated with a significantly lower tooth‐specific risk of periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.62) and tooth loss (adjusted odds ratio = 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.77).ConclusionsSimultaneous adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors significantly lowers the risk of incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults.
The Electronic Pharmaceutical Record: A new method for medication reconciliation
Authors: Jurado Camille , Calmels Violaine , Lobinet Emilie , Divol Elodie , Hanaire Hélène , Metsu David , Sallerin Brigitte 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRationale, aim, and objectiveThere are several ways to establish an accurate medication list in the hospital admission medication reconciliation (MedRec). The challenge for MedRec lies in the availability, reliability, and completeness of the data used. In France, the Electronic Pharmaceutical Record (ePR) was developed to register each medication taken by ambulatory patients, primarily to make dispensation in community pharmacies safe.We evaluated the suitability of this tool in the MedRec when patients were admitted to the hospital.MethodWe conducted a 6‐month pilot study of 249 MedRec files from a hospital diabetology department. The analysis was supplemented by the ePR for any patient for whom this information was recorded. The study evaluated the ePR as a new MedRec tool, as well as the clinical impact (CI) of the new data collected.ResultsThe ePR was contributory for 28% of the patients. Discrepancies were associated with polypharmacy, most of which had a CI = 1. Medication omission was the most frequently found discrepancy (72%), but self‐medication (8%) and lack of medication adherence (9%) were also observed.ConclusionThis tool provided added value for reconciliation, as it quickly identifies regular medications, adherence, and self‐medication behaviour. The ePR is essential for conducting a thorough MedRec.
Blended diets for gastrostomy fed children and young people: a scoping review
Authors: Breaks Anne , Smith Christina , Bloch Steven , Morgan Sally 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe present review aimed to identify what is known about the use of blended diets in gastrostomy fed children and young people (i.e. children and young people refers to those who are aged up to 25 years with special educational needs or a disability in accordance with Part 3 of the Children and Family Act 2014; within the review, the word children is used for simplicity but encompasses young people too) and to identify gaps in the literature on this topic to inform future research and policy.MethodsA scoping review methodology was used searching the online databases PUBMED, PsychINFO, CINAHL, SCOPUS and AMED, EMBASE for articles that addressed issues pertaining to blended diets. The review identified a broad range of literature, regardless of study design, and described and evaluated the quality, range and nature of research activity related to the use of blenderised diets.ResultsForty‐three studies were included in the review. The studies focused on nutrition, equipment, the views of carers and patients, and the views of professionals. Several studies described the lack of evidence regarding pros and cons of blended diets and highlighted the need for further research into the field.ConclusionsThere were gaps in the evidence base regarding the impact of blended diets on the health and well‐being of the children who receive them and upon the carers who feed the children. The nutritional impact of blended diets is not fully understood and the knowledge and views of professionals involved in the care of those receiving blended diets varies.
Incidental Fetal Ultrasound Findings: Interpretation and Management
Authors: Kaplan Rebekah , Adams Sharon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUltrasonography is a common component of prenatal care worldwide and is often used in early pregnancy to determine gestational age, number of fetuses, fetal cardiac activity, and placental location. Patients and their families may also consider ultrasonography a social event, as it provides confirmation and reassurance of a normal pregnancy. Ultrasound screening is typically scheduled in the second trimester to visualize fetal anatomy and confirm gestational age. Most ultrasound examinations are reassuring, but some incidentally identify structural anomalies and soft markers for aneuploidy, making it necessary for health care providers to correctly interpret these findings. The health care provider's ability to prepare patients prior to the ultrasound and deliver the necessary information needed to make informed decisions regarding any follow‐up screening or diagnostic testing is critical to reducing parental anxiety. Preparation for the anatomic survey should include counseling for normal and abnormal findings. The ethical concepts of patient autonomy and shared decision making are used as a guide in providing this critical information and enabling informed choices during follow‐up for incidental ultrasound findings.
Mobile Applications for Women's Health and Midwifery Care: A Pocket Reference for the 21st Century
Authors: Arbour Megan W. , Stec Melissa A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMidwives and other women's health care providers are charged with providing high‐quality care to women based on the most current available evidence. Quick, reliable, and accurate access to evidence‐based information is essential. Numerous smartphone and mobile device applications (apps) are available to assist clinicians in providing care for women. This article discusses clinical reference apps, including those for evidence‐based care guidelines, women's health care, pharmacologic reference, laboratory and diagnostic guides, as well as apps for information storage and management, electronic health records, and client education. Midwives and other clinicians are encouraged to thoughtfully integrate mobile apps into their clinical practices to improve client outcomes and clinician and client satisfaction. Although the thousands of health care apps that are available may seem daunting, this article highlights key apps that may help clinicians improve their care of women. By adding one app at a time, midwives and other women's health care providers can successfully integrate mobile apps into clinical practice.
The infrapatellar fat pad and the synovial membrane: an anatomo‐functional unit
Authors: Macchi Veronica , Stocco Elena , Stecco Carla , Belluzzi Elisa , Favero Marta , Porzionato Andrea , De Caro Raffaele 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe infrapatellar pad, a fibro‐adipose tissue with peculiar microscopic and mechanical features, is gaining wide attention in the field of rheumatological research. The purpose of this descriptive review is to summarize the most recent published evidence on the anatomic, physiologic and biomechanical inter‐relationship between the infrapatellar fat pad and the knee synovial membrane. As an extrasynovial tissue, the infrapatellar fat pad does not directly interact with the articular cartilage; based on its location in close contact with the synovial membrane, and due to the metabolic properties of adipose tissue, it may influence the behavior of the synovial membrane. In fact, considering evidence of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy, the infrapatellar fat pad is the site of insertion of the infrapatellar and medial synovial plicae. Also biochemically, there is much evidence highlighting the interaction among these two structures; in the case of inflammation, the mutual interplay is ascribable to the release of pro‐inflammatory mediators stimulating the proliferation of inflammatory cells and promoting tissue modifications in both. All these assumptions could support the emerging idea that the infrapatellar fat pad and the synovial membrane may be considered a morpho‐functional unit.
The phytoestrogen genistein prevents trabecular bone loss and affects thyroid follicular cells in a male rat model of osteoporosis
Authors: Filipović Branko , Šošić‐Jurjević Branka , Ajdžanović Vladimir , Živanović Jasmina , Manojlović‐Stojanoski Milica , Nestorović Nataša , Ristić Nataša , Trifunović Svetlana , Milošević Verica 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs a major phytoestrogen of soy, genistein effectively prevents bone loss in both humans and rat models of osteoporosis. However, although the bone‐sparing effects of genistein are achieved directly through estrogen receptors, its mode of action on bone by modulation of other endocrine functions is not entirely clear. Thus, thyroid hormones and calcitonin (CT) have an essential influence on bone metabolism. Besides its action on bones, in this study we examined the effect of genistein on the activity of two different endocrine cell populations, thyroid follicular and C‐cells. Fifteen‐month‐old Wistar rats were either bilaterally orchidectomized (Orx) or sham‐operated (SO). Two weeks after surgery, half of the Orx rats were treated chronically with 30 mg kg−1 b.w. genistein (Orx + G) subcutaneously (s.c.) every day for 3 weeks, while the remaining Orx rats and the SO rats were given the same volume of sterile olive oil to serve as controls. For histomorphometrical analysis of the trabecular bone microarchitecture an ImageJ public domain image processing programme was used. Thyroid sections were analysed histologically and stereologically after visualization of follicular and C‐cells by immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin and CT. Thyroid follicular epithelium, interstitium, colloid and CT‐immunopositive C‐cells were examined morphometrically. Serum concentrations of osteocalcin (OC), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and CT were determined as well as urinary calcium (Ca2+) concentrations. Genistein treatment significantly increased cancellous bone area (B.Ar), trabecular thickness (TbTh) and trabecular number (TbN) (P < 0.05), but trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was decreased (P < 0.05) compared with control Orx rats. In the thyroid, genistein treatment significantly elevated the relative volume density (Vv) of the follicular cells (P < 0.05) compared with Orx, whereas Vv of the colloid was lower (P < 0.05) than in the Orx. Evaluation of the biochemical parameters showed significant reductions in serum OC, T3, T4 and urinary Ca2+ concentrations (P < 0.05), compared with Orx rats. These data indicate that genistein treatment improves the trabecular microarchitecture of proximal tibia, induces histomorphometrical changes in thyroid glands, and decreases circulating thyroid hormone levels in orchidectomized rat model of male osteoporosis.
Telomere length and genetic variations affecting telomere length as biomarkers for facial regeneration with platelet‐rich fibrin based on the low‐speed centrifugation concept
Authors: Nacopoulos Cleopatra , Gkouskou Kalliopi , Karypidis Dimitrios , Vlastos Ioannis , Vesala Anna‐Maria , Choukroun Joseph , Miron Richard J , Prokopakis Emmanuel 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundPlatelet‐Rich Fibrin (PRF), a fibrin matrix produced by single blood centrifugation that contains leukocytes, platelets, and growth factors, is increasingly being utilized for facial regeneration purposes. However, our understanding of the involved pathophysiological mechanisms affecting regeneration is limited and current protocols require better optimization. Biomarkers that are related to skin aging such as telomere length (TL) have been proposed as a mean to analyze patients’ stratification.ObjectiveOur aim is to study whether the outcomes of a facial regeneration protocol performed with PRF are related to TL and genetic variations affecting TL. This can aid in the standardization of a surgical aesthetic protocol.Patients and MethodsIn all, 41 patients treated with PRF produced with the low‐speed centrifugation concept were included in this observational study. The correlation between TL and genetic variations were assessed versus treatment outcomes, namely the number of sessions and aesthetic results utilizing the FACE‐Q skin satisfaction questionnaire.ResultsIn all, 39 of the 41 patients completed the treatment. TL correlated with the initial responses to FACE‐Q (ρ = .33, P = .05). Genetic variations affecting TL was related to the change of FACE‐Q (ρ = .35, P = .034) as well as to the number of treatment sessions (ρ = .38, P = .019).ConclusionsTelomere length (TL) was related to patient perceived facial skin appearance. In addition, genetic variations affecting TL were related to the final outcomes (number of sessions and improvements of FACE‐Q results) and may be a useful biomarker for future regenerative procedures performed with PRF for facial regeneration.
Co‐contraction behaviour of masticatory and neck muscles during tooth grinding
Authors: Giannakopoulos N. N. , Schindler H. J. , Hellmann D. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe objective of this study was to analyse the co‐contraction behaviour of jaw and neck muscles during force‐controlled experimental grinding in the supine position. Twelve symptom‐free subjects were enrolled in the experimental study. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis and levator scapulae muscles was recorded bilaterally with intramuscular fine‐wire electrodes, whereas that of sternocleidomastoideus, infrahyoidal, suprahyoidal, masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were registered with surface electrodes. EMG and force measurements were performed during tasks simulating tooth grinding on custom‐made intraoral metal splints. The mean EMG activity normalised by maximum voluntary contraction (% MVC) of each of the neck muscles studied during grinding was analysed and compared with previous data from jaw clenching at identical force (100 N) and (supine) position. The occurrence of low‐level, long‐lasting tonic activation (LLTA) of motor units was also documented. The mean three‐dimensional force vector of the grinding forces was 106 ± 74 N. In the frontal plane, the incline to the midsagittal plane ranged between 10° and 15°. In the midsagittal plane, the incline to the frontal plane was negligibly small. Posterior neck muscle activity during grinding ranged between 4.5% and 12% MVC and during clenching with 100 N between 1.8% and 9.9% MVC. Masticatory muscle activity during grinding ranged between 17% and 21% MVC for contralateral masseter and ipsilateral temporalis and between 4% and 6.5% for ipsilateral masseter and contralateral temporalis. LLTA had an average duration of 195 ± 10 seconds. The findings from this study do not support pathophysiological muscle chain theories postulating simple biomechanical coupling of neck and jaw muscles. Co‐contractions of neck and masticatory muscles may instead occur as a result of complex neurophysiological interactions.
Th1/Th17/Th22 immune response and their association with joint pain, imagenological bone loss, RANKL expression and osteoclast activity in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: A preliminary report
Authors: Monasterio G. , Castillo F. , Rojas L. , Cafferata E. A. , Alvarez C. , Carvajal P. , Núñez C. , Flores G. , Díaz W. , Vernal R. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIt is well accepted that the presence of cytokines belonging to the Th1/Th17/Th22 axis of immuno‐inflammatory response in the joint environment, such as IL‐1β, IL‐17 and IL‐22, respectively, are associated with pathogenesis of several synovial joint degenerative disorders. During temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ‐OA), IL‐1β and IL‐17 have been implicated in the inflammation and resorption of sub‐chondral bone; however, the role of Th22 response in the TMJ‐OA pathophysiology has not been established. This study aimed to compare the expression of Th1/Th17/Th22‐type cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors in synovial fluid samples obtained from TMJ‐OA or disk displacement with reduction (DDWR) patients. In addition, it aimed to associate these levels with joint pain, imagenological signs of bone degeneration, RANKL production, osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast‐induced bone resorption. Higher levels of IL‐1β, IL‐17 and IL‐22 were expressed in TMJ‐OA compared with DDWR subjects, and these increased levels significantly correlated with RANKL expression, joint pain and articular bone degeneration. Higher levels of CCR5, CCR6 and CCR7, as well as their respective ligands CCL5 and CCL20, responsible for recruitment of IL‐1β, IL‐17 and IL‐22‐producing cells, were over‐expressed in TMJ‐OA compared with DDWR subjects. Osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast‐induced bone resorption were significantly greater in presence of synovial fluid from TMJ‐OA compared with DDWR subjects. These data demonstrate that cytokines, CCLs and CCRs associated with the Th1/Th17/Th22 axis of immuno‐inflammatory response are involved in TMJ‐OA pathogenesis. These findings suggest that IL‐22 is involved in the RANKL expression in TMJ‐OA, which in turn induces differentiation of osteoclasts and subsequent resorption of sub‐chondral bone.
The use of overnight oximetry in neonates: A literature review
Authors: Flint Anndrea , Davies Mark W 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is much debate between neonatologists and paediatricians about appropriate oxygen saturation targets for babies with chronic neonatal lung disease (CNLD). Overnight oximetry is used to guide the fraction of inspired oxygen to use. We did this literature review to examine the current literature on the use of overnight oximetry in term infants, preterm infants and babies with CNLD (especially relevant to ex‐preterm babies with CNLD going home on oxygen). We reviewed the literature from January 1990 to October 2017 by searching the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, The Joanna Briggs Institute, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest and Science Direct. Sixteen articles were included in the review. The literature available on overnight oximetry in neonates is limited, it is not contemporary, and it reports studies that did not use oximeters with modern software for data collection and analysis. It is imperative that reference ranges be defined for overnight oximetry parameters so that babies are not inadvertently administered inappropriate amounts of oxygen.
Intestinal disposition of quercetin and its phase-II metabolites after oral administration in healthy volunteers
Authors: Chalet Clément , Rubbens Jari , Tack Jan , Duchateau Guus S , Augustijns Patrick 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Quercetin is one of the main dietary flavonoids and undergoes a substantial intestinal phase-II metabolism. Quercetin conjugates have been detected in plasma and in urine, but their presence in the small intestine has not been assessed. This study aimed to investigate the intestinal metabolism and metabolite excretion of quercetin by the human small intestinal wall after oral dosing.

Methods
Six healthy volunteers were given a capsule of 500 mg of quercetin with 240 ml of water. Duodenal fluids were collected using the intraluminal sampling technique for 4 h and analysed by LC-MS/MS.

Key findings
Phase-II metabolites of quercetin were detected and quantified in aspirated intestinal fluids. Metabolites appeared almost immediately after administration, indicating an intestinal metabolism and apical excretion into the lumen. Quercetin-3′-O-glucuronide was found to be the main intestinal metabolite. Our results could not conclude on the enterohepatic recycling of quercetin or its metabolites, although several individual profiles showed distinctive peaks.

Conclusions
This study highlights the intestinal metabolism and excretion of quercetin and its conjugates in humans and gives insights into the relevant concentrations which should be used to investigate potential food–drug interactions in vitro.