bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of High Density Planting with Drip Irrigation in Rabi Onion
Authors: Ojha M. D. , Kumar Vijay , Verma R. B. , Pal M. , Singh S. R. P. , Singh P. K. 
Published: March 2019

Irrigation scheduling is necessary for increasing onion production in an Agro-climatic zone III A and B of Bihar, where water is becoming scarce gradually and a limiting factor for onion production. Field experiments were conducted during the Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the experimental farm, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda. The objectives were to standardize high density planting with drip irrigation and to study the yield performance and storability on onion in Nalanda region. The treatments consisted of factorial combination of three irrigation intervals (2, 4 and 6 days) and four population densities (2000000, 1333333, 1000000 and 666666 plants/ha) corresponding to 10 x 5, 10 x 7.5, 10 x 10 and 15 x 10 cm respectively. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design replicated three times. Results revealed that the highest marketable yield was significantly favoured by 2 days interval followed by 4 days. However, lower plant spacing 10 x 5 cm recorded higher plant height, minimum maturity days, grass and marketable bulb yield were significantly higher with plant spacing 10 x10 cm followed by 15 x10 cm. The marketable bulb yield was significantly higher with interaction of T7 (10 x10 cm with 2 days irrigation interval) 1000000 plant density and 2 days irrigation interval than other treatment combinations. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that 2 days interval irrigation with a plant density of 1000000 (10x10 cm) plants per hectare can be practised for maximum onion bulb yield.
In vitro Multiplication and Genetic Fidelity Studies in Cleopatra Mandarin (Citrus reshni Tanaka)
Authors: Prakash Shashi , Sharma Suneel , Kajla Subhash , . Renu 
Published: March 2019

The present investigation was undertaken for in vitro multiplication of Cleopatra mandarin using nodal segment explants. Nodal segments taken from 9 years old plant in the month of March - April were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with BAP 0.5 mg/l + Kin 0.5 mg/l for establishment. Various concentrations of auxins viz. IAA and NAA were used singly or in combination with cytokinins (Kinetin and BAP) for shoot multiplication. Maximum number of shootlets per sprouted bud (8.2 ± 0.22) and maximum length of shootlets (3.0 ± 0.12cm) were recorded when auxins were used in combination with cytokinins at a concentration of NAA 0.3 mg/l + BAP 1.0 mg/l. Full strength MS media fortified with 1mg/l IBA was used for rooting of multiplied shoots and was kept in potting media containing sand, soil and vermi compost in 1:1:1 ratio for hardening.In vitro raised plants were examined for genetic stability by using RAPD primers. Out of fifty primers screened, eleven primers produced amplification while thirty-nine primers did not show any amplification. All RAPD profile for in vitro raised plants were monomorphic and similar to their mother plant, which showed that all the plants raised through micropropagation were true to type.
Effect of Date of Planting and Plant Geometry on Growth and Yield Characters of Kalmegh cv. CIM Megha
Authors: Pal Mahender , Kumar Vijay , Singh A. P. , Singh R. S. , Ojha M. D. , Singh S. R. P. , Singh P. K. 
Published: March 2019

The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block design assigning time of planting (Factor A), planting geometry (Factor B) with four replications to assess the effect of date of planting and planting geometry on growth and yield of Kalmegh cv. CIM Megha. The experiment was conducted at Experimental farm, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda (Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour) in the year 2013-14 and 2014-15. Factor A consisted of three time of planting viz., 15th May, 01st June and 15th June and factor B consisted of two levels of spacing S1 (30 x15 cm) and S2 (30 x20 cm). Pooled data on different growth and yield characters revealed 15th June as best time of planting of Kalmegh and proclaimed highest values for plant height (75.46 cm), Plant girth (7.69 mm), no. of secondary branches, no. of leaves per plant and total dry matter yield (31.75 q/ha) . on the other hand spacing level of S2 (30x20 cm) also recorded highest values for plant height (68.75 cm), plant girth (7.75 mm), no. of secondary branched/plant, no. of leaves/plant and total dry matter yield (27.38 q/ha). The treatment combination of 15th June as time of planting and plant spacing of 30 x20 cm found best for planting of Kalmegh in the growing conditions of the Nalanda. It was followed by planting time 15th June and plant spacing of 30x 15 cm for higher growth and yield of Kalmegh.
Stretchable Nanocomposite Conductors Enabled by 3D Segregated Dual‐Filler Network
Authors: Peng Shuhua , Wu Shuying , Zhang Fan , Wang Chun H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFlexible and stretchable electrical conductors are needed in a wide range of applications to maintain electrical conductance under large deformation. Herein a new type of stretchable electrical conductor capable of large deformation is reported. Using a simple and cost‐effective dip‐coating technique, conductive nanomaterials including sliver nanowires (AgNWs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are deposited onto the surface of polyurethane foam, forming a 3D segregated conductive network. The pores are subsequently infused with elastomeric polymethylsiloxane. Upon curing, the resultant nanocomposite is highly conductive even under large strain. Compared with nanocomposites made of a single type of conductive nanomaterial, the nanocomposite obtained by sequential dip‐coating with AgNWs and then CNFs give the best performance, due to the synergetic effect between the two conductive nanomaterials. This highly conductive nanocomposites can withstand large mechanical deformations, including stretching, twisting, and bending while maintain its high electrical conductivity. With a low‐cost and simple fabrication process, these newly developed conductive nanocomposites offer a new type of stretchable conductors for wearable electronics.
Flavin Oxidoreductase‐Mediated Regeneration of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide with Dioxygen and Catalytic Amount of Flavin Mononucleotide for One‐Pot Multi‐Enzymatic Preparation of Ursodeoxycholic Acid
Authors: Chen Xi , Cui Yunfeng , Feng Jinhui , Wang Yu , Liu Xiangtao , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming , Ma Yanhe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a pharmaceutical ingredient widely used in clinics, can be prepared from chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) by the epimerization of the 7α‐OH group. In this study, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) regeneration system was developed by using flavin oxidoreductase (FR) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Only catalytic amount of FMN is required for the effective NAD+ recycling. FR/FMN system was then applied in the oxidation of CDCA to 7‐ketolithocholic acid (7‐keto‐LCA) by NAD+‐dependent 7α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Bs‐7α‐HSDH) from Brevundimonas sp., which showed extremely high enzyme activity toward CDCA (kcat/Km=8050 s−1 ⋅ mM−1). When Escherichia coli whole cells coexpressing Bs‐7α‐HSDH and FR genes were used as biocatalyst, CDCA (50 mM) was completely converted to 7‐keto‐LCA with the turnover number of FMN being 227 and 58.8 g ⋅ L−1 ⋅ d−1 space‐time yield of 7‐keto‐LCA. For the reduction of 7‐keto‐LCA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐dependent 7‐β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Cm‐7β‐HSDH) from Clostridium sp. Marseille was employed with alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter brockii (TbADH) and iso‐propanol as co‐factor regeneration system. When E. coli whole cells coexpressing Cm‐7β‐HSDH and TbADH genes were used as biocatalyst, 40 mM 7‐keto‐LCA was reduced to UDCA with 26.8 g ⋅ L−1 ⋅ d−1 space‐time yield. The oxidation and reduction were then carried in a one‐pot concurrent mode, 12.5 mM CDCA was completely converted to UDCA. The epimerization of CDCA to UDCA proceeded to completion at the substrate concentration of 30 mM in the one‐pot sequential process. Therefore, the complete conversion of CDCA to UDCA in one‐pot has been realized by employing 7α‐HSDH and 7β‐HSDH of different co‐factor specificities with independent co‐factor recycling systems. The cholic acids, especially UDCA, exert inhibitive effect on the activities of these enzymes, preventing the complete epimerization of 7α‐OH at higher substrate loading. This inhibition issue should be solvable by engineering the involved enzymes, that is currently pursued in our laboratory.magnified image
Asymmetric [3+3] Cycloaddition of Donor−Acceptor Aziridines with N,N‐Dialkyl‐3‐vinylanilines to Construct Highly Functionalized Enantioenriched Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Kim Seungyeon , Kim Sung‐Gon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA diastereo‐ and enantioselective [3+3] cycloaddition of donor−acceptor aziridines with N,N‐dialkyl‐3‐vinylanilines has been established using a Mg(OTf)2/bisoxazoline catalyst, providing highly functionalized tetrahydroisoquinolines in good yields and with high levels of stereocontrol. A wide variety of N,N‐dialkyl‐3‐vinylanilines, such as m‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl α,β‐unsaturated phenyl ketones and 3‐(m‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl)acrylates, as well as donor−acceptor N‐tosylaziridines, have been applied in this asymmetric catalytic protocol.
Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Biomass‐Derived Levoglucosenol
Authors: Debsharma Tapas , Behrendt Felix N. , Laschewsky André , Schlaad Helmut 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe readily available cellulose‐derived bicyclic compound levoglucosenol was polymerized through ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to yield polylevoglucosenol as a novel type of biomass‐derived thermoplastic polyacetal, which, unlike polysaccharides, contains cyclic as well as linear segments in its main chain. High‐molar‐mass polyacetals with apparent weight‐average molar masses of up to 100 kg mol−1 and dispersities of approximately 2 were produced despite the non‐living/controlled character of the polymerization due to irreversible deactivation or termination of the catalyst/active chain ends. The resulting highly functionalized polyacetals are glassy in bulk with a glass transition temperature of around 100 °C. In analogy to polysaccharides, polylevoglucosenol degrades slowly in an acidic environment.
Preparation and investigation of efficient flame retardant TPE composites with piperazine pyrophosphate/aluminum diethylphosphinate system
Authors: Zhu Pingbo , Xu Miaojun , Li Sheng , Zhang Zhiyong , Li Bin 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe piperazine pyrophosphate (PPAP) combined with aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) with a certain mass fraction and then incorporated into thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) composites composed of oil extended styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer and polypropylene. The fire retardancy, thermal behavior, mechanical performance, and flame retardant mechanism of TPE materials were investigated in detail. The results demonstrated that 1.6 mm TPE composites reached UL‐94 V‐0 grade during vertical burning tests and the limiting oxygen index value was 28.5% when 25 wt % PPAP/AlPi with the mass ratio of 4:1 was incorporated. The introduction of PPAP/AlPi improved the residual mass and thermal stability, and stimulated to produce the char layer with high quality. The formed char layer exerted shielding effect and AlPi could inhibit the flame in gas phase. Consequently, the PPAP/AlPi system evoked fire retardant effects in condensed and gas phase simultaneously, and the fire resistance of the TPE composites was enhanced. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 47711.
Glucocorticoid Dosages and Acute‐Phase Reactant Levels at Giant Cell Arteritis Flare in a Randomized Trial of Tocilizumab
Authors: Stone John H. , Tuckwell Katie , Dimonaco Sophie , Klearman Micki , Aringer Martin , Blockmans Daniel , Brouwer Elisabeth , Cid Maria C. , Dasgupta Bhaskar , Rech Juergen , Salvarani Carlo , Schulze‐Koops Hendrik , Schett Georg , Spiera Robert , Unizony Sebastian H. , Collinson Neil 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to evaluate glucocorticoid dosages and serologic findings in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) flares.MethodsPatients with GCA were randomly assigned to receive double‐blind dosing with either subcutaneous tocilizumab (TCZ) 162 mg weekly plus 26‐week prednisone taper (TCZ‐QW + Pred‐26), every‐other‐week TCZ plus 26‐week prednisone taper (TCZ‐Q2W + Pred‐26), placebo plus 26‐week prednisone taper (PBO + Pred‐26), or placebo plus 52‐week prednisone taper (PBO + Pred‐52). Outcome measures were prednisone dosage, C‐reactive protein (CRP) level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at the time of flare.ResultsOne hundred patients received TCZ‐QW + Pred‐26, 49 received TCZ‐Q2W + Pred‐26, 50 received PBO + Pred‐26, and 51 received PBO + Pred‐52. Of the 149 TCZ‐treated patients, 36 (24%) experienced flare, 23 (64%) of whom were still receiving prednisone (median dosage 2.0 mg/day). Among 101 PBO + Pred–treated patients, 59 (58%) experienced flare, 45 (76%) of whom were receiving prednisone (median dosage 5.0 mg/day). Many flares occurred while patients were taking >10 mg/day prednisone: 9 (25%) in the TCZ groups and 13 (22%) in the placebo groups. Thirty‐three flares (92%) in TCZ‐treated groups and 20 (34%) in PBO + Pred–treated groups occurred with normal CRP levels. More than half of the PBO + Pred–treated patients had elevated CRP levels without flares. Benefits of the TCZ and prednisone combination over prednisone alone for remission induction were apparent by 8 weeks.ConclusionMost GCA flares occurred while patients were still receiving prednisone. Acute‐phase reactant levels were not reliable indicators of flare in patients treated with TCZ plus prednisone or with prednisone alone. The addition of TCZ to prednisone facilitates earlier GCA control.
Statistical inference for coherent systems with Weibull distributed component lifetimes under complete and incomplete information
Authors: Jablonka A. , Cramer E. , Hermanns M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPoint estimators for the parameters of the component lifetime distribution in coherent systems are evolved assuming to be independently and identically Weibull distributed component lifetimes. We study both complete and incomplete information under continuous monitoring of the essential component lifetimes. First, we prove that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) under complete information based on progressively Type‐II censored system lifetimes uniquely exists and we present two approaches to compute the estimates. Furthermore, we consider an ad hoc estimator, a max‐probability plan estimator and the MLE for the parameters under incomplete information. In order to compute the MLEs, we consider a direct maximization of the likelihood and an EM‐algorithm–type approach, respectively. In all cases, we illustrate the results by simulations of the five‐component bridge system and the 10‐component parallel system, respectively.
Mild hypothermia reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced apoptosis and improves neuronal functions after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wang Chuan‐Fang , Zhao Cheng‐Cheng , He Yi , Li Zong‐Yang , Liu Wen‐Lan , Huang Xian‐Jian , Deng Yue‐Fei , Li Wei‐Ping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundMild hypothermia is wildly used in clinical treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the effect of mild hypothermia on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐induced apoptosis after severe TBI is still unknown.MethodsIn the present study, we used BALB/c mice to investigate the efficacy of posttraumatic mild hypothermia in reducing ER stress. Severe TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact injury. Mild hypothermia treatment was performed immediately after surgery and maintained for 4 hr. The animals were euthanized at 1 and 7 days after severe TBI. The expression levels of ER stress marker proteins were evaluated using Western blot and immunofluorescence. Cell apoptosis rate was analyzed by TUNEL staining. Neuronal functions of the mice were assessed using rotarod test and Morris water maze.ResultsOur results revealed that mild hypothermia significantly attenuated ER stress marker proteins, including p‐eIF2α/eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP and IRE‐1α, and reduced apoptosis rate in the pericontusion region at 1 and 7 days after severe TBI. Interestingly, mild hypothermia also prevented the translocation of CHOP into nucleus. In addition, posttraumatic mild hypothermia significantly improved neuronal functions after severe TBI.ConclusionsOur findings illustrated that mild hypothermia could reduce ER stress‐induced apoptosis and improve neuronal functions after severe traumatic brain injury.
A New Aromatic Amide from the Roots of Zanthoxylum tessmannii (Rutaceae)
Authors: Kenmoe Djeukeu Charlie , Kouam Kenmogne Ariane , Guy Blaise Azebaze Anatole , Belle Ebanda Kedi Philippe , Vardamides Juliette Catherine , Sewald Norbert , Duplex Wansi Jean 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the roots of Zanthoxylum tessmannii Zepernick and Timler (Rutaceae) led to the isolation and characterization of one new aromatic amide named tessmamide (1) along with twelve known compounds, N‐benzoyltyramine methyl ether (2), 7,8,9‐trimethoxycoumarin (3), 7,8‐dimethoxycoumarin (4), integrifoliodiol (5), robustin (6), skimmianine (7), lupeol (8), lupenone (9), a mixture of stigmasterol and β‐sitosterol, and a mixture of their glucosides. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, EI‐MS, and ESI‐MS) and comparison with known analogs. The determination of the radical scavenging activity using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay gave moderate antioxidant values for the crude extracts of the roots of Zanthoxylum tessmannii (IC50 0.8 mg/mL), tessmamide (1; IC50 31.8 μm), and 7,8,9‐trimethoxycoumarin (3; IC50 29.3 μm), compared to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 11.6 μm).
Supported Ionic Liquid‐Like Phases (SILLPs) as Immobilised Catalysts for the Multistep and Multicatalytic Continuous Flow Synthesis of Chiral Cyanohydrins
Authors: Peris Edgar , Porcar Raúl , Burguete María Isabel , García‐Verdugo Eduardo , Luis Santiago V. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSupported Ionic Liquid‐Like Phases have been found to be efficient organocatalysts for the synthesis of cyanohydrin esters under solvent‐free conditions by an “electrophile‐nucleophile dual activation” based on hydrogen bond formation. The combination of multiple and consecutive multicatalytic steps in a single and integrated cascade process of organocatalytic SILLPs with commercially available supported Candida antarctica lipase type B (CAL‐B) has allowed developing an efficient process for the multicatalytic synthesis of enantiopure cyanohydrins under flow conditions.
A Computational Investigation of OME‐synthesis through Homogeneous Acid Catalysis
Authors: Goncalves Tiago J. , Plessow Philipp N. , Studt Felix 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe reaction mechanism of the synthesis of OMEs with homogeneous Brønsted acid catalysts from dimethoxy methane and trioxane is studied using MP2, density functional theory and implicit solvation models. Additionally, formaldehyde is considered as a reactant and we find its activation barriers for OME‐formation to be comparable with those for trioxane (around 80 kJ/mol). If trioxane is used as a reactant at room temperature, we find that its direct incorporation is more favorable than its decomposition to formaldehyde followed by stepwise reaction of formaldehyde. This is due to the higher stability of trioxane at room temperature.
Polymeric Donor–Acceptor Heterostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution without Using Pt Cocatalysts
Authors: Zang Shaohong , Zhang Guigang , Yang Pengju , Zheng Dandan , Wang Xinchen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPolymeric carbon nitride (CN) is a promising material for photocatalytic water splitting. However, CN in its pristine form tends to show moderate activity due to fast recombination of the charge carriers. The design of efficient photocatalytic system is therefore highly desired, but it still remains a great challenge in chemistry. In this work, a pyrene‐based polymer able to serve as an electron donor to accelerate the interface charge carrier transfer of CN is presented. The construction of donor‐acceptor (D–A) heterojunction was confirmed to significantly restrain the charge recombination and, thus, improve the proton reduction process. This study provides a promising strategy to achieve solar H2 production in an efficient and low‐cost manner.
Effective combination of isolated symptom variables to help stratifying acute undifferentiated chest pain in the emergency department
Authors: Zheng Wen , Ma Jingjing , Wu Shuo , Wang Guangmei , Zhang He , Zheng Jiaqi , Xu Feng , Wang Jiali , Chen Yuguo 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundSymptom is still indispensable for the stratification of chest pain in the emergency department. However, it is a sophisticated aggregation of several aspects of characteristics and effective combination of those variables remains deficient. We aimed to develop and validate a chest pain symptom score (CPSS) to address this issue.HypothesisThe CPSS may help stratifying acute undifferentiated chest pain in ED.MethodsPatients with non‐ST segment elevation chest pain and negative cardiac troponin (cTn) over 3 hours after symptom onset were consecutively recruited as the derivation cohort. Logistic regression analyses identified statistical predictors from all symptom aspects for 30‐day acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or death. The performance of CPSS was compared with the symptom classification methods of the history variable in the history, electrocardiograph, age, risk factors, troponin (HEART) score. This new model was validated in a separated cohort of patients with negative cTn within 3 hours.ResultsSeven predictors in four aspects of chest pain symptom were identified. The CPSS was an independent predictor for 30‐day AMI or death (P < 0.001). In the derivation (n = 1434) and validation (n = 976) cohorts, the expected and observed event rates were well calibrated (Hosmer–Lemeshow test P > 0.30), and the c‐statistics of CPSS were 0.72 and 0.73, separately, significantly better than the previous history classifications in HEART score (P < 0.001). Replacing the history variable with the CPSS improved the discrimination and risk classification of HEART score significantly (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe effective combination of isolated variables was meaningful to make the most stratification value of symptoms. This model should be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy for chest pain triage.