bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could vectors’ fear of predators reduce the spread of plant diseases?
Authors: Tholt G. , Kis A. , Medzihradszky A. , Szita É. , Tóth Z. , Havelda Z. , Samu F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPredators influence the behaviour of prey and by doing so they potentially reduce pathogen transmission by a vector. Arthropod predators have been shown to reduce the consumption of plant biomass by pest herbivores, but their cascading non-consumptive effect on vector insects’ feeding behaviour and subsequent pathogen transmission has not been investigated experimentally before. Here we experimentally examined predator-mediated pathogen transmission mechanisms using the plant pathogen Wheat Dwarf Virus that is transmitted by the leafhopper, Psammotettix alienus. We applied in situ hybridization to localize which leaf tissues were infected with transmitted virus DNA in barley host plants, proving that virus occurrence is restricted to phloem tissues. In the presence of the spider predator, Tibellus oblongus, we recorded the within leaf feeding behaviour of the herbivore using electrical penetration graph. The leafhopper altered its feeding behaviour in response to predation risk. Phloem ingestion, the feeding phase when virus acquisition occurs, was delayed and was less frequent. The phase when pathogen inoculation takes place, via the secretion of virus infected vector saliva, was shorter when predator was present. Our study thus provides experimental evidence that predators can potentially limit the spread of plant pathogens solely through influencing the feeding behaviour of vector organisms.
Unmasking the negative greenhouse effect over the Antarctic Plateau
Authors: Sejas Sergio A. , Taylor Patrick C. , Cai Ming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA paradoxical negative greenhouse effect has been found over the Antarctic Plateau, indicating that greenhouse gases enhance energy loss to space. Using 13 years of NASA satellite observations, we verify the existence of the negative greenhouse effect and find that the magnitude and sign of the effect varies seasonally and spectrally. A previous explanation attributes this effect solely to stratospheric CO2; however, we surprisingly find that the negative greenhouse effect is predominantly caused by tropospheric water vapor. A recently developed principle-based concept is used to provide a complete account of the Antarctic Plateau’s negative greenhouse effect indicating that it is controlled by the vertical variation of temperature and greenhouse gas absorption. Our findings indicate that unique climatological conditions over the Antarctic Plateau—a strong surface-based temperature inversion and scarcity of free tropospheric water vapor—cause the negative greenhouse effect.
Guidelines for Feature Matching Assessment of Brain–Computer Interfaces for Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Pitt Kevin M. , Brumberg Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) can provide access to augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices using neurological activity alone without voluntary movements. As with traditional AAC access methods, BCI performance may be influenced by the cognitive–sensory–motor and motor imagery profiles of those who use these devices. Therefore, we propose a person-centered, feature matching framework consistent with clinical AAC best practices to ensure selection of the most appropriate BCI technology to meet individuals' communication needs.

Method
The proposed feature matching procedure is based on the current state of the art in BCI technology and published reports on cognitive, sensory, motor, and motor imagery factors important for successful operation of BCI devices.

Results
Considerations for successful selection of BCI for accessing AAC are summarized based on interpretation from a multidisciplinary team with experience in AAC, BCI, neuromotor disorders, and cognitive assessment. The set of features that support each BCI option are discussed in a hypothetical case format to model possible transition of BCI research from the laboratory into clinical AAC applications.

Conclusions
This procedure is an initial step toward consideration of feature matching assessment for the full range of BCI devices. Future investigations are needed to fully examine how person-centered factors influence BCI performance across devices.
Dependence on the environment of the abundance function of light-cone simulation dark matter haloes
Authors: Chira Maria , Plionis Manolis , Corasaniti Pier-Stefano 
Published: June 2018

Aims. We study the dependence of the halo abundance function (AF) on different environments in a whole-sky ΛCDM light-cone halo catalogue extending to z ~ 0.65, using a simple and well-defined halo isolation criterion.
Methods. The isolation status of each individual dark matter halo is determined by the distance to its nearest neighbour, which defines the maximum spherical region devoid of halos above a threshold mass around it (although the true size of such region may be much larger since it is not necessarily spherical). A versatile double power-law Schechter function is used to fit the dark matter halo AF, and its derived parameters are studied as a function of halo isolation status.
Results. (a) Our function fits the halo abundances for all halo isolation statuses extremely well, while the well-established theoretical mass functions, integrated over the volume of the light-cone, provide an adequate but poorer fit than our phenomenological model. (b) As expected, and in agreement with other studies based on snap-shot simulations, we find significant differences of the halo abundance function as a function of halo isolation, indicating different rates of halo formation. The slope of the power law and the characteristic mass of the Schechter-like fitting function decrease with isolation, a result consistent with the formation of less massive haloes in lower density regions. (c) We find an unexpected upturn of the characteristic mass of the most isolated haloes of our sample. This upturn originates and characterises only the higher redshift regime (z ≳ 0.45), which probably implies a significant and recent evolution of the isolation status of the most isolated and most massive haloes.
The Revision Rhinoplasty Consult: The Art of Managing Expectations.
Authors: Marcus Benjamin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRhinoplasty is widely acknowledged to be a challenging operation. The success of the operation has long been measured in anecdotal ways. As the surgeon—do I think the outcome is good? Does the patient tell me they are happy? At hand is an obvious issue with patients sometimes not returning to their original doctor. Other times they may have minor concerns that take minimal effort to correct. Does that constitute a revision? In most circles, the ultimate definition of revision rhinoplasty is a return to surgery with the intent to correct a functional or aesthetic concern that arose after the original procedure.
Die Botenstoffe der Muskeln
Authors: Hollmann Michael 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung2007 prägte die dänische Professorin Bente Klarlund Petersen erstmals den Begriff der Myokine. Heute sind mehrere Dutzend dieser Botenstoffe genauer
erforscht, die bei körperlicher Aktivität ausgeschüttet werden. Lesen Sie, warum Bewegung die beste Prävention für zahlreiche Erkrankungen ist.
Evaluation of the DOAC-Stop® Procedure to Overcome the Effect of DOACs on Several Thrombophilia Screening Tests
Authors: Favresse Julien , Lardinois Benjamin , Sabor Lina , Devalet Bérangère , Vandepapeliere Julie , Braibant Maximilien , Lessire Sarah , Chatelain Bernard , Jacqmin Hugues , Douxfils Jonathan , Mullier François 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe impact of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) on laboratory assays used for thrombophilia testing (e.g., antithrombin, protein S, protein C, lupus anticoagulant and activated protein-C resistance) is a well-known issue and may cause false-positive and -negative results. Therefore, the correct interpretation of tests that are performed in patients taking DOACs is mandatory to prevent misclassification and the subsequent clinical consequences. We aimed at evaluating the efficiency of a new and simple procedure (DOAC-Stop®; Haematex Research, Hornsby, Australia) to overcome the effect of all DOACs in real-life settings and to assess the percentage of erroneous results due to the presence of DOACs on thrombophilia screening tests. For this purpose, 135 DOAC-treated patients (38 apixaban, 40 dabigatran, 15 edoxaban, and 42 rivaroxaban) and 20 control patients were enrolled. A significant drop in apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban plasma concentrations following the DOAC-Stop® treatment was observed (74.8–8.2 ng/mL [p < 0.0001], 95.9–4.7 ng/mL [p < 0.0001], 102.1–8.8 ng/mL [p = 0.001], and 111.3–7.0 ng/mL [p < 0.0001], respectively). The DOAC-Stop® treatment was mostly effective to overcome the effect of DOACs on PTT-LA, dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) screen, and dRVVT confirm tests. Using our procedures, false-positive results due to DOACs were observed only with lupus anticoagulant tests (up to 75%) and fell to zero after the DOAC-Stop® procedure, regardless of the DOAC considered. In conclusion, the DOAC-Stop® adsorbent procedure appeared to be an effective and simple way to overcome the interference of DOAC on coagulation tests and should facilitate the interpretation of thrombophilia screening tests in patients taking DOACs.
A randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot orthodontic bracket systems: part 2—quality of treatment
Authors: Yassir Yassir A , El-Angbawi Ahmed M , McIntyre Grant T , Revie Gavin F , Bearn David R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo compare the quality of orthodontic treatment between 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot bracket systems.Subjects and methodsEligible participants aged 12 years or over were allocated to the 0.018-inch or 0.022-inch slot MBT appliance (3M-Unitek, Monrovia, California, USA) using block randomization in groups of 10. Outcome measures included: 1. ABO cast-radiograph evaluation (CR-EVAL), 2. peer assessment rating (PAR) scores, 3. incisor inclination, and 4. patient perception using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need aesthetic component (IOTN AC) and three validated questionnaires before, during and after treatment. Parametric tests [independent samples t-test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)] and non-parametric tests (chi-square with Fisher’s exact tests and Mann–Whitney U-test) assessed differences between groups (P &lt; 0.05).ResultsOf the 187 participants randomized (1:1 ratio), 34 withdrew or were excluded (protocol deviations or poor cooperation). There were 77 patients in the 0.018-inch slot group and 76 patients in the 0.022-inch slot group (overall mean age: 19.1 years). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups (P &gt; 0.05). The mean total ABO CR-EVAL scores were 34.7 and 34.5; mean percentage PAR score reduction 74.1 per cent and 77.1 per cent; mean change for maxillary incisor inclination 2.9 degrees and 1.6 degrees and for mandibular incisor inclination 2.7 degrees and 1.4 degrees for the 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch groups, respectively. Improvement in patient perception of aesthetics after treatment was statistically significant for both groups (P &lt; 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups for ABO CR-EVAL, percentage PAR score reduction, incisor inclination, and patient perception of treatment (P &gt; 0.05). No adverse events were observed during treatment.LimitationsIt was impossible to blind clinicians or patients to allocation and oral hygiene and periodontal outcomes were not assessed.ConclusionsThere were no statistically or clinically significant differences in the quality of occlusal outcomes, incisor inclination and patient perception of treatment between 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot bracket systems.RegistrationThe trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 5 March 2014, registration number: NCT02080338.ProtocolThe protocol was published at DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-389.
Assessing the impact of health system organizational structure on hospital electronic data sharing
Authors: Holmgren A Jay , Ford Eric W 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objective
Horizontal consolidation in the hospital industry has gained momentum in the United States despite concerns over rising costs and lower quality. Hospital systems frequently point to potential gains in interoperability and electronic exchange of patient information as consolidation benefits. We sought to assess whether hospitals in different health system structures varied in their interoperable data sharing.

Materials and methods
We created a cross-sectional national hospital sample from the 2014 AHA Annual Survey and 2015 IT Supplement. We combined the existing taxonomy of health system organizational forms and the ONC’s functionality-based, technology-agnostic definition of interoperability. We used logistic regression models to assess the relationship between health systems’ organizational forms and interoperability engagement, controlling for hospital characteristics.

Results
We found that interoperability engagement varied greatly across hospitals in different health system structures, with facilities in more centralized health systems more likely to be interoperable. Hospitals in one system type, featuring centralized insurance product development but diverse service offerings across member organizations, had significantly higher odds of being engaged in interoperable data sharing in our multivariate regression results.

Discussion
The heterogeneity in health system interoperability engagement indicates that incentives to share data vary greatly across organizational strategies and structures. Our results suggest that horizontal consolidation in the hospital industry may not bring significant gains in interoperability progress unless that consolidation takes a specific business alignment form.

Conclusion
Policymakers should be wary of claims that horizontal consolidation will lead to interoperability gains. Future research should explore the specific mechanisms that lead to greater interoperability in certain health system organizational structures.
Muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) functions and cellular localization are regulated by SUMO1 post-translational modification
Authors: Heras Gabriel , Namuduri Arvind Venkat , Traini Leonardo , Shevchenko Ganna , Falk Alexander , Bergström Lind Sara , Jia Mi , Tian Geng , Gastaldello Stefano 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues and it plays important roles in muscle remodeling. Upregulation of MuRF1 gene transcription participates in skeletal muscle atrophy, on contrary downregulation of protein expression leads to cardiac hypertrophy. MuRF1 gene point mutations have been found to generate protein aggregate myopathies defined as muscle disorder characterized by protein accumulation in muscle fibers. We have discovered that MuRF1 turned out to be also a target for a new post-translational modification arbitrated by conjugation of SUMO1 and it is mediated by the SUMO ligases E2 UBC9 and the E3 PIASγ/4. SUMOylation takes place at lysine 238 localized at the second coiled-coil protein domain that is required for efficient substrate interaction for polyubiquitination. We provided evidence that SUMOylation is essential for MuRF1 nuclear translocation and its mitochondria accumulation is enhanced in hyperglycemic conditions delivering a stabilization of the overall SUMOylated proteins in cultured myocytes. Thus, our findings add this SUMO1 post-translational modification as a new concept to understand muscle disorders related to the defect in MuRF1 activity.
Metal pollution of low-mass Population III stars through accretion of interstellar objects like ‘Oumuamua
Authors: Tanikawa Ataru , Suzuki Takeru K , Doi Yasuo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We calculate the accretion mass of interstellar objects (ISOs) like ‘Oumuamua on to low-mass Population III stars (Pop. III survivors), and estimate the surface pollution of Pop. III survivors. The ISO number density estimated from the discovery of ‘Oumuamua is so high (∼0.2 au−3) that Pop. III survivors have chances of colliding with ISOs ≳ 105 times per 1 Gyr. ‘Oumuamua itself would be sublimated near Pop. III survivors, since its size is small; ∼100 m. However, ISOs with size ≳3 km would reach the Pop. III survivor surfaces. Supposing an ISO cumulative number density with size larger than D is n∝D−α, Pop. III survivors can accrete ISO mass ≳10−16 M⊙, or ISO iron mass ≳10−17 M⊙, if α &lt; 4. This iron mass is larger than the accretion mass of interstellar medium (ISM) by several orders of magnitude. Taking into account material mixing in the convection zone of Pop. III survivors, we find that their surface pollution is typically [Fe/H] ≲ −8 in most cases; however, the surface pollution of Pop. III survivors with 0.8 M⊙ can be [Fe/H] ≳ −6 because of the very shallow convective layer. If we consider Pop. III survivors located at the Galactocentric distance of 8 kpc, the dependence of the metal pollution is as follows. If α &gt; 4, Pop. III survivors have no chance at colliding with ISOs with D ≳ 3 km, and remain metal-free. If 3 &lt; α &lt; 4, Pop. III survivors would be most polluted by ISOs up to [Fe/H] ∼ −7. If α &lt; 3 up to D ∼ 10 km, Pop. III survivors could hide in metal-poor stars so far discovered. Pop. III survivors would be more polluted with decreasing Galactocentric distance. Although the metal pollution depends on α and the Galactocentric distance, we first show the importance of ISOs for the metal pollution of Pop. III survivors.
Patient-reported Allergies are Associated With Preoperative Psychological Distress and Less Satisfying Patient Experience in a Lumbar Spine Surgery Population
Authors: Levin Jay M. , Boyle Spencer , Winkelman Robert D. , Tanenbaum Joseph E. , Abdullah Kalil G. , Steinmetz Michael P. , Mroz Thomas E. 
Published: June 2018

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The main objectives of this study were: (1) to determine whether patient-reported allergies (PRAs) are associated with patient satisfaction scores, and (2) to clarify the association between PRAs and preoperative anxiety and depression in a lumbar spine surgery population.

Summary of Background Data:
Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey is currently used to measure the patient experience and there is concern that psychosocial factors are unaccounted for. Interestingly, PRAs have been linked to concurrent mood and other psychiatric disorders, as well as poor clinical outcomes in the orthopedic surgery setting.

Methods:
HCAHPS survey data, patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and preoperative health status were obtained for each patient. Allergies were categorized as medical (ie, medications) and environmental (ie, food, animals). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine whether the number of medical and environmental PRAs are associated with HCAHPS scores. In addition, multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association between PRAs and psychological distress.

Results:
In 421 patients included, PRAs were associated with lower HCAHPS scores under several dimensions of the patient experience of care, including: nursing communication, pain management, communication about medicines, and transition of care. Medical PRAs was an independent predictor of low satisfaction with communication about a medication’s side effects [odds ratio (OR), 0.88; P=0.03] and understanding the purpose for new medications (OR, 0.90; P=0.03). Environmental PRAs was an independent predictor of low satisfaction with both communication about a medication’s side effects (OR, 0.68; P=0.03), and pain control (OR, 0.67; P=0.01). Moreover, having a PRA (OR, 1.64; P=0.04) was associated with EuroQol-5 Dimensions anxiety/depression and having an environmental PRA (OR, 2.13; P=0.03) was associated with depression.

Conclusions:
These findings highlight the potential utility of PRAs to help identify patients with psychological distress who are at risk for a poor experience of lumbar spine surgery.
A Journey with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Jeffery Deborah , Fish Anne F. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Motor neurons are affected in certain patterns, such as cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and bulbar (facial) regions. Although initial presentations can vary, eventually upper and lower motor neurons are lost in the two types of ALS: familial and sporadic. A case study highlighting the reality of living with bulbar ALS relays Sister A's journey from early to late ALS. Etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical care are discussed.
Staying Faithful to Your Faith
Authors: Kroning Maureen 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT:
The author describes how treatment for a transgender patient was complicated, due to the healthcare facility's lack of staff training. After an education program was implemented, the author wrote an article about the need for training for LGBT care, then faced a quandary about submitting the article to a Christian or secular nursing journal. Through her college administrator's support, the author's commitment to living her faith in every arena was strengthened.
Population of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury in Skilled Nursing Facilities:
Authors: Lueckel Stephanie N. , Teno Joan M. , Stephen Andrew H. , Benoit Eric , Kheirbek Tareq , Adams Charles A. , Cioffi William G. , Thomas Kali S. 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
To describe the natural history of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) following hospitalizations.

Setting:
Between 2005 and 2014.

Participants:
Adults who had incident admissions to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) with a diagnosis of TBI.

Design:
Retrospective review of the Minimum Data Set.

Main Measures:
Main variables were cognitive and physical function, length of stay, presence of feeding tube, terminal condition, and dementia.

Results:
Incident admissions to SNFs increased annually from 17 247 patients to 20 787 from 2005 to 2014. The percentage of patients with activities of daily living score 23 or more decreased from 25% to 14% (P < .05). The overall percentage of patients with severe cognitive impairment decreased from 18% to 10% (P < .05). More patients had a diagnosis of dementia in 2014 compared with previous years (P < .05), and the presence of a terminal condition increased from 1% to 1.5% over the 10-year period (P < .05). The percentage of patients who stayed fewer than 30 days was noted to increase steadily over the 10 years, starting with 48% in 2005 and ending with 53% in 2013 (P < .05).

Conclusion:
Understanding past trends in TBI admissions to SNFs is necessary to guide appropriate discharge and predict future demand, as well as inform SNF policy and practice necessary to care for this subgroup of patients.