bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural basis for promotion of duodenal iron absorption by enteric ferric reductase with ascorbate
Authors: Ganasen Menega , Togashi Hiromi , Takeda Hanae , Asakura Honami , Tosha Takehiko , Yamashita Keitaro , Hirata Kunio , Nariai Yuko , Urano Takeshi , Yuan Xiaojing , Hamza Iqbal , Mauk A. Grant , Shiro Yoshitsugu , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Sawai Hitomi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDietary iron absorption is regulated by duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb), an integral membrane protein that catalyzes reduction of nonheme Fe3+ by electron transfer from ascorbate across the membrane. This step is essential to enable iron uptake by the divalent metal transporter. Here we report the crystallographic structures of human Dcytb and its complex with ascorbate and Zn2+. Each monomer of the homodimeric protein possesses cytoplasmic and apical heme groups, as well as cytoplasmic and apical ascorbate-binding sites located adjacent to each heme. Zn2+ coordinates to two hydroxyl groups of the apical ascorbate and to a histidine residue. Biochemical analysis indicates that Fe3+ competes with Zn2+ for this binding site. These results provide a structural basis for the mechanism by which Fe3+ uptake is promoted by reducing agents and should facilitate structure-based development of improved agents for absorption of orally administered iron.
Polvere di stelle The Italian platform for data-sharing and data-preserving of modern and ancient astronomical resources
Authors: Gargano Mauro , Gasperini Antonella , Schiavone Luisa , Brunetti Francesca 
Published: August 2018

Polvere di stelle(Stardust) is the web portal of the National Institute for Astrophysics(INAF) dedicated to the Italian astronomical libraries, archives and museums. It offers different tools and databases created to support astronomical research and increase the value of one of the richest astronomical heritages in the world.In a single virtual space one can find useful tools for sharing digital resources and other services for current research. Besides the OPAC, consisting of bibliographic data of ancientand modern books and serials, the portal offers to astronomers, scholars, students, amateur astronomers and historians of science the possibility to search at the same time other databases: manuscripts, instruments, archival documents and biographies of astronomers. Furthermore, a digital showcase of rare books plays a relevant role in the portal.This paper illustrates the ongoing developments and perspectives ofPolvere di stelle.
Higher Detection Rates of Biologically Aggressive Breast Cancers in Mammography Screening than in the Biennial Interval
Authors: Prange Anna , Bokhof Beate , Polzer Philipp , Tio Joke , Radke Isabel , Heidinger Oliver , Heindel Walter , Weigel Stefanie 
Published: August 2018

Purpose Assessment of age group-dependent detection rates of invasive breast cancers among participants in mammography screening including the interval, classified into immunohistochemical subtypes indicating the intrinsic tumor aggressiveness.
Materials und Methods The target population comprises women aged 50 – 69 years. All invasive breast cancers diagnosed in one screening (sc) unit during the implementation phase 1/2006 – 12/2010 or identified by the cancer registry during the biennial interval (iv) were categorized based on hormonal-receptor status (HR) and Her2-expression (Her2) into the following subtypes: a) HR+ Her2-, b) HR+ Her2 +, c) HR– Her2 + or d) HR– Her2– (triple-negative); Her2 + and triple-negative types were defined as aggressive. The calculated detection rates (DR, ‰) were based on 53 375 sc-examinations and for the interval on 52 887 sc-negative examinations.
Results The DRs of all subtypes were higher in screening versus the interval: (a) 4.95 ‰ (n = 264) vs. 1.00 ‰ (n = 53); b) 0.92 ‰ (n = 49) vs. 0.25 ‰ (n = 13); c) 0.36 ‰ (n = 19) vs. 0.06 ‰ (n = 3); d) 0.39 ‰ (n = 21) vs. 0.19 ‰ (n = 10). 77.4 ‰ (89/115) of all aggressive breast cancers including the following 2-year interval were diagnosed by screening. The sum of the DR of aggressive cancers was 1.67 ‰ in screening and 0.49 ‰ in the interval; the corresponding DRs for women aged 60 – 69 years [sc: 2.24 ‰ (51/22 814), iv: 0.58 ‰ (13/22 536)] were higher than among women aged 50 – 59 years [sc: 1.24 ‰ (38/30 561), iv: 0.43 ‰ (13/30 351)].
Conclusion Screening has the potential for earlier diagnosis of aggressive tumor types as its detection rate is about three-fold higher compared to the interval. Within the target group, participants aged 60 – 69 years are at risk based on absolute numbers. They show a nearly two-fold higher detection rate of Her2-positive or triple-negative tumors compared to the age group 50 – 59 years.
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Clinical Outcomes of Closing- and Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy for Treatment of Anteromedial Unicompartmental Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lu Jiangfeng , Tang Shiyu , Wang Yanru , Li Yao , Liu Chang , Niu Yingzhen , Cao Pengkai , Wang Fei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article compares the long-term outcomes of closing-wedge osteotomy (CWO) and opening-wedge osteotomy (OWO) in the treatment of unicompartmental medial osteoarthritis with varus deformity. This study included 79 patients who underwent high tibial osteotomy (HTO) between 2002 and 2008. Pre- and postoperative radiography and computed tomography were used to evaluate the posterior tibial slope, the patellar height, the tibiofemoral angle, and the lateral and medial tibiofemoral joint space. Pre- and postoperative severity of arthritis was assessed with the Kellgren–Lawrence grading system. Pre- and postoperative American Knee Society (AKS) score and Lysholm Knee Score (LKS) were determined to evaluate functional outcomes. The duration of follow-up was 86.1 ± 6.2 months. Postoperatively, at the most recent follow-up, there was a slight increase in the size of the medial tibiofemoral joint space after CWO and OWO, which reflected a decrease in stress on the medial compartment and manifested as a significant improvement in the AKS knee and function scores and the LKS. OWO increased the posterior tibial slope as compared with the preoperative value, while CWO reduced the posterior tibial slope. CWO and OWO for HTO resulted in similar functional outcomes. OWO was associated with patella infera and more severe patellofemoral arthritis, while CWO was associated with a greater severity of lateral tibiofemoral arthritis.
Dual Pathway Inhibition with Low-Dose Direct Factor Xa Inhibition after Acute Coronary Syndromes—Why Is It Not Used in Clinical Practice?
Authors: Zeymer Uwe , Schrage Benedikt , Westermann Dirk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe optimal anti-thrombotic therapy for secondary prevention after an acute coronary syndrome is still a matter of debate. While current guidelines recommend dual anti-platelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor over 12 months especially in patients with stent implantation, the value of prolonged anticoagulation is still controversial. In the ATLAS-TIMI 52 trial, a low-dose direct factor Xa inhibition with rivaroxaban compared with placebo reduced the combined primary endpoint of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infraction and stroke with an increase in major bleeding complications. This article discusses the value and problems of adding low-dose rivaroxaban to anti-platelet therapy as secondary prevention measure after an acute myocardial infarction. It will describe the pros and cons of intensified anti-platelet therapy versus dual pathway inhibition and give recommendations for different patient groups in clinical practice.
Propionic acid promotes the virulent phenotype of Crohn’s disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli
Authors: Ormsby Michael J. , Johnson Síle A. , Meikle Lynsey M. , Goldstone Robert J. , McIntosh Anne , Wessel Hannah M. , Hulme Heather E. , McConnachie Ceilidh C. , Connolly James P. R. , Roe Andrew J. , Hasson Conor , Boyd Joseph , Fitzgerald Eamonn , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Morrison Douglas , Hold Georgina , Hansen Richard , Smith David G.E. , Wall Daniel M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe short chain fatty acid propionic acid (PA) is a bacteria-derived human intestinal antimicrobial and immune modulator used widely in Western food production and agriculture. Here we examine the effect of PA on the pathogenicity of the Crohn’s disease-associated microbe, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC). Passage of AIEC through a murine model, where the low intestinal PA levels were increased to replicate those of the human intestine, led to the recovery of AIEC post-infection that had significantly increased virulence. These phenotypic changes, including increased adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and biofilm formation, could be replicated in AIEC in vitro through exposure to PA alone. This in vitro exposure of AIEC to PA fundamentally changed AIEC virulence, with strains exposed to PA in vitro subsequently persisting at 20-fold higher levels in a murine model compared to non-exposed strains. RNA-sequencing identified the transcriptional changes in AIEC in response to PA with upregulation of genes involved in biofilm formation, stress responses, metabolism, membrane integrity and alternative carbon source utilisation. These PA induced changes in virulence could be replicated in a number of E. coli isolates from Crohn’s disease patients. Finally, removal of the PA selective pressure was sufficient to reverse these phenotypic changes. Our data indicate that exposure of AIEC to PA evolves bacteria that are both resistant to this natural human intestinal antimicrobial and increasingly virulent in its presence.ImportanceExposure to propionic acid, an intestinal short chain fatty acid and commonly used antimicrobial in Western food production, induces significant virulence associated phenotypic changes in adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC).
The UK housing developers’ five-star rating: fact or fiction?
Authors: Boothman Christopher , Craig Nigel , Sommerville James 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how the data collected by the House Builders Federation (HBF)/National House Building Council (NHBC) surveys are used in practice to improve the service provided to the customers, the transition of any changes into practice and the overall management of the customer satisfaction process by the builder.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative approach to the research was adopted, and the findings from the interviews provide an indication of the views from a range of private/speculative house builders relating to the areas of customer satisfaction and the ratings provided through industry-based surveys.

Findings
This paper has uncovered the views and opinions of private house builders relating to customer satisfaction and five-star ratings. The findings provide evidence that the house building industry is not fully engaged with the HBF five-star-related concept and that they provide a differing level of service in relation to customer satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications
The research concluded that the customer can be manipulated by the builders in some cases causing a bias in the market; on the whole, the customer satisfaction surveys and star rating are simply seen as a marketing tool, used by the builders marketing department as a sign of quality and a way to promote the company.

Practical implications
This paper is of interest to private house builders and the wider construction industry and will aid their understanding of not only generic customer satisfaction but also in particular customer satisfaction in new build housing and quality-related ratings/targets applied by industry bodies.

Originality/value
The paper provides an insight to house builders practices by examining the use of the HBF/NHBC survey results and how they are used to manage and improve the service provided to the customer, and the results therefore are of value to the end home buyer and the wider house building industry.
Service enterprise productivity in action: measuring service productivity
Authors: Scerri Moira , Agarwal Renu 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure service productivity using the Service Enterprise Productivity in Action (SEPIA) model. The research operationalises only one of the five stakeholder groups, the customer interface which incorporates service complexity (SC), customer interactions, customer channel, customer loyalty (CL) (new) as inputs, and CL (referred and repeat) and willingness to pay as output measures.Design/methodology/approachThe research extends our understanding of existing service productivity models with the development of the SEPIA model. Data were collected from 14 organisations operating in the Australian travel and tourism industry, which was analysed using a data envelopment analysis input oriented variable return to scale method as applied to the SEPIA model customer interface.FindingsFour key findings from the research include: customer choice and their ability to pay is a determinant of service productivity; service productivity is a two stage process when measured; SC is not categorical; and quality business systems do impact service productivity.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of this research is that only one (customer) of the five key stakeholders, customer, employee, manager, supplier and shareholder, was operationalised in this research paper.Practical implicationsThe operationalisation of the SEPIA customer interface using transactional data and measuring non-financial, intangible factors of productivity provide managers with insights on what services to offer, when to invest in or promote the use of technology and whether to spend marketing effort on customer acquisition or customer retention.Originality/valueThe SEPIA model positions service firms within a social and service value network and provides a range of customer measures that extend the current capital (K), labour (L), energy (E), materials (M) and service (S), KLEMS measure of productivity and can be used to show the impact customers have on service productivity.
Public funds and internal innovation goals as drivers of formal and informal open innovation practices
Authors: Cruz-Cázares Claudio , Bayona-Sáez Cristina , García-Marco Teresa , Berends Hans , Smits Armand , Reymen Isabelle 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse a firm’s internal and external drivers of formal and informal open innovation (OI) practices. To enrich the analysis and to obtain more robust results, the authors checked the study’s hypotheses using samples from two European regions, Navarre (Spain), classified an innovator follower, and Noord-Brabant (Netherlands), an innovator leader.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample selected includes manufacturing and service firms that completed the Community Innovation Survey for the year 2008 in both regions. The final sample had 1,288 observations from Navarre and 623 observations from Noord-Brabant. The authors consider two OI dimensions, breadth of information sources for informal OI practices and breadth of cooperation agreement for formal OI practices. Finally, the estimates were performed by means of a negative binomial regression.

Findings
Results indicate that for the internal drivers, product-related motives to innovate and in-house R&D intensity are strong drivers for both formal and informal OI engagement in general, while the influence of process- and environmental-related motives are context dependence.

Originality/value
This study distinguishes between formal (i.e. cooperation activities) and informal (i.e. external sources of information used for new ideas) inbound OI practices, while most of the literature has focussed on one single type of OI practice. The use of two samples coming from two different European regions allows observe whether the adoption motives of the OI practices are robust independently from the firms’ location or if they vary across regions owing to context dependence.
Quercetin in Food: Possible Mechanisms of Its Effect on Memory
Authors: Babaei Fatemeh , Mirzababaei Mohammadreza , Nassiri‐Asl Marjan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractQuercetin (3,3′,4′,5,7‐pentahydroxyflavone) is found in vegetables and fruits. It is one of the major flavonoids that is part of human diets. Quercetin has several pharmacological effects in the nervous system as a neuroprotective agent. In this review, we summarize the research on quercetin and its role in memory in both animals and humans. Articles were chosen from the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. In this review, we describe and summarize the importance of quercetin's presence in the body, particularly in the brain; its kinetics, including its absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion; its behavioral effects; and some of the possible mechanisms of action of quercetin on memory in different animal models. Several important pathways that may be involved in the processes of learning and memory, long‐term potentiation, and cognition may be impaired during neurological diseases or other medical conditions. As dietary quercetin is important, provision of its best formulation for delivery to the brain as a nutraceutical and in clinical translational research for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia is necessary.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Suberanilohydroxamic Acid Treatment Reverses Hyposensitivity to γ‐Aminobutyric Acid in the Ventral Tegmental Area During Ethanol Withdrawal
Authors: You Chang , Vandegrift Bertha J. , Zhang Huaibo , Lasek Amy W. , Pandey Subhash C. , Brodie Mark S. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe ventral tegmental area (VTA) is important for alcohol‐related reward and reinforcement. Mouse VTA neurons are hyposensitive to γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) during ethanol (EtOH) withdrawal, and GABA responsiveness is normalized by in vitro treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). The present study examined the effect of a systemically administered HDACi, suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) on GABA sensitivity, and related molecular changes in VTA neurons during withdrawal after chronic EtOH intake in rats.MethodsSprague Dawley male adult rats were fed with Lieber‐DeCarli diet (9% EtOH or control diet) for 16 days. Experimental groups included control diet‐fed and EtOH diet‐fed (0‐ or 24‐hour withdrawal) rats treated with either SAHA or vehicle injection. Single‐unit recordings were used to measure the response of VTA neurons to GABA. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine levels of HDAC2, acetylated histone H3 lysine 9 (acH3K9), and GABAA receptor α1 and α5 subunits in the VTA; quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine the mRNA levels of HDAC2 and GABAA receptor subunits.ResultsVTA neurons from the withdrawal group exhibited GABA hyposensitivity. In vivo SAHA treatment 2 hours before sacrifice normalized the sensitivity of VTA neurons to GABA. EtOH withdrawal was associated with increased HDAC2 and decreased acH3K9 protein levels; SAHA treatment normalized acH3K9 levels. Interestingly, no significant change was observed in the mRNA levels of HDAC2. The mRNA levels, but not protein levels, of GABAA receptor α1 and α5 subunits were increased during withdrawal.ConclusionsWithdrawal from chronic EtOH exposure results in a decrease in GABA‐mediated inhibition, and this GABA hyposensitivity is normalized by in vivo SAHA treatment. Disruption of signaling in the VTA produced by alteration of GABA neurotransmission could be 1 neuroadaptive physiological process leading to craving and relapse. These results suggest that HDACi pharmacotherapy with agents like SAHA might be an effective treatment for alcoholism.
TLR7‐let‐7 Signaling Contributes to Ethanol‐Induced Hepatic Inflammatory Response in Mice and in Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Massey Veronica L. , Qin Liya , Cabezas Joaquin , Caballeria Juan , Sancho‐Bru Pau , Bataller Ramon , Crews Fulton T. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundToll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an endosomal TLR that is activated by single‐stranded RNA, including endogenous microRNAs (e.g., let‐7b). Increased hepatic expression of TLRs, microRNAs, and inflammatory mediators is linked to ethanol (EtOH) exposure and to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). ALD invovles chronic hepatic inflammation that can progress to alcoholic hepatitis (AH), a particularly severe form of ALD. This study aimed to investigate TLR7 expression in patients with different liver disease phenotypes and in mouse liver following alcohol exposure.MethodsHepatic mRNA expression was determined by RNA sequencing of liver tissue from patients with liver disease or normal liver tissue. Mice were exposed to subchronic EtOH followed by administration of the TLR7 agonist imiquimod. Primary human hepatocytes were exposed to EtOH or imiquimod in vitro.ResultsRNAseq analysis revealed that hepatic expression of TLR7 and let‐7b microRNA, an endogenous TLR7 ligand, was significantly increased in AH patients. Hepatic expression of TLR7 and let‐7b positively correlated with hepatic IL‐8 mRNA expression. In mice, EtOH increased hepatic TLR7 mRNA expression and enhanced imiquimod‐induced expression of the pro‐inflammatory mediators TNFα, MCP‐1, and iNOS. In vitro, EtOH significantly increased hepatocyte TLR7 mRNA and the TLR7 agonist, imiquimod, induced hepatocyte expression of TNFα and IL‐8 mRNA. EtOH also increased the release of let‐7b in microvesicles from hepatocytes, suggesting that EtOH can increase the expression of both the receptor and its endogenous ligand.ConclusionsThese studies suggest that increased TLR7 signaling caused by increased expression of TLR7 and its endogenous ligand let‐7b may contribute to the enhanced inflammatory response associated with AH.
Human β‐defensin‐1: A natural antimicrobial peptide present in amniotic fluid that is increased in spontaneous preterm labor with intra‐amniotic infection
Authors: Varrey Aneesha , Romero Roberto , Panaitescu Bogdan , Miller Derek , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Patwardhan Manasi , Faro Jonathan , Pacora Percy , Hassan Sonia S. , Hsu Chaur‐Dong , Gomez‐Lopez Nardhy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractProblemHuman β‐defensins (HBDs) are antimicrobial peptides that participate in the soluble innate immune mechanisms against infection. Herein, we determined whether HBD‐1 was present in amniotic fluid during normal pregnancy and whether its concentrations change with intra‐amniotic inflammation and/or infection.Method of StudyAmniotic fluid was collected from 219 women in the following groups: (a) midtrimester who delivered at term (n = 35); (b) term with (n = 33) or without (n = 17) labor; (c) preterm labor with intact membranes who delivered at term (n = 29) or who delivered preterm with (n = 19) and without (n = 29) intra‐amniotic inflammation and infection or with intra‐amniotic inflammation but without infection (n = 21); and (d) preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM) with (n = 19) and without (n = 17) intra‐amniotic inflammation/infection. Amniotic fluid HBD‐1 concentrations were determined using a sensitive and specific ELISA kit.Results(a) HBD‐1 was detectable in all amniotic fluid samples; (b) amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD‐1 were changed with gestational age (midtrimester vs term no labor), being higher in midtrimester; (c) amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD‐1 were similar between women with and without spontaneous labor at term; (d) among patients with spontaneous preterm labor, amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD‐1 in women with intra‐amniotic inflammation/infection and in those with intra‐amniotic inflammation without infection were greater than in women without intra‐amniotic inflammation or infection who delivered preterm or at term; and (e) the presence of intra‐amniotic inflammation and infection in patients with pPROM did not change amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD‐1.ConclusionHBD‐1 is a physiological constituent of amniotic fluid that is increased in midtrimester during normal pregnancy and in the presence of culturable microorganisms in the amniotic cavity. These findings provide insight into the soluble host defense mechanisms against intra‐amniotic infection.