bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of plasma products on the endothelial-glycocalyx barrier following trauma-hemorrhagic shock: Is sphingosine-1 phosphate responsible?
Authors: Diebel Mark E. , Diebel Lawrence N. , Liberati David M. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND
Plasma is an important component of resuscitation after trauma and hemorrhagic shock (T/HS). The specific plasma proteins and the impact of storage conditions are uncertain. Utilizing a microfluidic device system, we studied the effect of various types of plasma on the endothelial barrier function following T/HS.

METHODS
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured in microfluidic plates. The microfluidic plates were subjected to control or shock conditions (hypoxia/reoxygenation + epinephrine, 103 μM). Fresh plasma, 1 day thawed plasma, 5-day thawed plasma and lyophilized plasma were then added. Supplementation of sphingosine-1 phosphate (S-1P) was done in a subset of experiments. Effect on the endothelial glycocalyx was indexed by shedding of syndecan-1 and hyaluronic acid. Endothelial injury/activation was indexed by soluble thrombomodulin, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Vascular permeability determined by the ratio of angiopoietin-2 to angiopoietin-1. Concentration of S-1P and adiponectin in the different plasma groups was measured.

RESULTS
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to shock conditions increased shedding of syndecan-1 and hyaluronic acid. Administration of the various types of plasma decreased shedding, except for 5-day thawed plasma. Shocked HUVEC cells demonstrated a profibrinolytic phenotype, this normalized with all plasma types except for 5-day thawed plasma. The concentration of S-1P was significantly less in the 5-day thawed plasma compared with the other plasma types. Addition of S-1P to 5-day thawed plasma returned the benefits lost with storage.

CONCLUSION
A biomimetic model of the microcirculation following T/HS demonstrated endothelial glycocalyx and endothelial cellular injury/activation as well as a profibrinolytic phenotype. These effects were abrogated by all plasma products except the 5-day thawed plasma. Plasma thawed longer than 5 days had diminished S1-P concentrations. Our data suggest that S1-P protein is critical to the protective effect of plasma products on the endothelial-glycocalyx barrier following T/HS.
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy: focal point nuclear envelope
Authors: Muchir Antoine , Worman Howard J. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is caused by mutations in EMD encoding emerin and LMNA encoding A-type lamins, proteins of the nuclear envelope. In the past decade, there has been an extraordinary burst of research on the nuclear envelope. Discoveries resulting from this basic research have implications for better understanding the pathogenesis and developing treatments for EDMD.

Recent findings
Recent clinical research has confirmed that EDMD is one of several overlapping skeletal muscle phenotypes that can result from mutations in EMD and LMNA with dilated cardiomyopathy as a common feature. Basic research on the nuclear envelope has provided new insights into how A-type lamins and emerin function in force transmission throughout the cell, which may be particularly important in striated muscle. Much of the recent research has focused on the heart and LMNA mutations. Prevalence and outcome studies have confirmed the relative severity of cardiac disease. Robust mouse models of EDMD caused by LMNA mutations has allowed for further insight into pathogenic mechanisms and potentially beneficial therapeutic approaches.

Summary
Recent clinical and basic research on EDMD is gradually being translated to clinical practice and possibly novel therapies.
Neurocognitive Assessment and Retinal Thickness Alterations in Alzheimer Disease: Is There a Correlation?
Authors: Cipollini Virginia , Abdolrahimzadeh Solmaz , Troili Fernanda , De Carolis Antonella , Calafiore Silvia , Scuderi Luca , Giubilei Franco , Scuderi Gianluca 
Published: August 2019

Background:The relation of retinal thickness to neuropsychological indexes of cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) remains an area of investigation. The scope of this investigation was to compare volume and thickness changes of neuronal retinal layers in subjects with AD with those of age-matched healthy controls and to estimate the relation between cognitive functioning evaluated by neuropsychological assessment and thickness changes of the retina.Methods:This was a prospective single-site study where we evaluated 25 subjects with probable AD matched for age, sex, and education to 17 healthy control subjects (HC). All participants underwent a full medical evaluation, neuropsychological assessment, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, and macular volume.Results:The pRNFL thickness of AD patients showed a significant overall reduction compared with healthy controls (P= <0.0001). Furthermore, pRNFL was reduced in each retinal quadrant, particularly the inferior, nasal, and superior quadrants. GCC thickness and macular volume were reduced in AD patients in comparison with HC (P= 0.004;P= 0.001). Of particular interest was the correlation between OCT findings and neuropsychological assessment; we did not find a significant association of retinal thinning with worse MMSE score, but reduction of macular volume was associated with worse constructional praxis performance. Impairment of semantic-lexical and processing speed was associated with attenuation of macular GCC thickness.Conclusions:OCT can show early thickness changes in AD patients with subtle memory disturbances. These results suggest that correlations between retinal thinning and cognitive performance warrant further investigation.
A central role of glutamine in Chlamydia infection
Authors: Rajeeve Karthika , Vollmuth Nadine , Janaki-Raman Sudha , Wulff Thomas , Schmalhofer Maximilian , Schmitz Werner , Baluapuri Apoorva , Huber Claudia , Fink Julian , Dejure Francesca R. , Wolf Elmar , Eisenreich Wolfgang , Schulze Almut , Seibel Jürgen , Rudel Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObligate intracellular bacteria like Chlamydia trachomatis undergo a complex developmental cycle between infectious non-replicative (EBs) and non-infectious replicative (RBs) forms. EBs shortly after entering a host cell transform to RBs, a crucial process in infection, initiating chlamydial replication. As Chlamydia fail to replicate outside the host cell it is currently unknown how the transition from EBs to RBs is initiated. Here we show in a cell-free approach in axenic media that uptake of glutamine by the bacteria is critical to initiate EB-RB transition. These bacteria utilize glutamine to synthesize cell wall peptidoglycan which has recently been detected in the septa of replicating intracellular Chlamydia. The increased requirement for glutamine in infected cells is achieved by reprogramming the glutamine metabolism in a c-Myc-dependent manner. Glutamine was effectively taken up by the glutamine transporter SLC1A5 and metabolized via glutaminase. Interference with this metabolic reprogramming limited growth of Chlamydia. Intriguingly, Chlamydia failed to produce progeny in SLC1A5 knockout mice. Thus, we report on the central role of glutamine for the development of an obligate intracellular pathogenic bacterium and the reprogramming of host glutamine metabolism, which may provide a basis for innovative anti-infective strategies.
Integrative framework of cross-module deep biomarker for the prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ning Zhenyuan , Pan Weihao , Xiao Qing , Chen Yuting , Zhang Xinsen , Luo Jiaxiu , Wang Jian , Zhang Yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to integrate cross-module data for predicting the prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) based on deep learning and to explore the relationship between deep features from images and eigengenes form gene data.Experimental designA total of 209 patients with ccRCC with computed tomography (CT), histopathological images and RNA sequences were enrolled. A deep biomarker-based integrative framework was proposed to construct a prognostic model. Deep features extracted from CT and histopathological images by using deep learning combined with eigengenes generated from functional genomic data were used to predict ccRCC prognosis. Furthermore, the relationship between deep features and eigengenes was explored, and two survival subgroups identified by integrative cross-module biomarkers were subjected to functional analysis.ResultsThe model based on the integrative framework stratified two subgroups of patients with a significant prognostic difference (P = 6.51e-6, concordance index [C-index] = 0.808, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.728-0.888) and outperformed the prediction based on their individual biomarkers in the independent validation cohort (n = 70, gene data: C-index = 0.452, CI = 0.336-0.567; histopathological images: C-index = 0.677, CI = 0.577-0.776; CT images: C-index = 0.774, CI = 0.670-0.879). On the basis of statistical relationship, deep features correlated or complemented with eigengenes both enhanced the predictive performance of eigengenes (P = 0.439, correlated: C-index = 0.785, CI = 0.685-0.886; complemented: C-index = 0.778, CI = 0.683-0.872). The functional analysis of subgroups also exhibited reasonable results.ConclusionThe model based on the integrative framework of cross-module deep biomarkers can efficiently predict ccRCC prognosis, and the framework with a code is shared to act as a reliable and powerful tool for further studies.
Mosaic heterochrony in neural progenitors sustains accelerated brain growth and neurogenesis in the juvenile killifish N. furzeri
Authors: Coolen Marion , Labusch Miriam , Mannioui Abdelkrim , Hoppe Beate , Baumgart Mario , Bally-Cuif Laure 
Published: August 2019

SummaryWhile developmental mechanisms driving increase in brain size during vertebrate evolution are actively studied, we know less of evolutionary strategies allowing to boost brain growth speed. In zebrafish and other vertebrates studied to date, radial glia (RG) constitute the primary neurogenic progenitor population throughout life (Kriegstein and Alvarez-Buylla, 2009); thus, RG activity is a determining factor of growth speed. Here, we ask whether enhanced RG activity is the mechanism selected to drive explosive growth, in adaptation to an ephemeral habitat. In post-hatching larvae of the turquoise killifish, which display drastic developmental acceleration, we show that the dorsal telencephalon (pallium) grows three times faster than in zebrafish. Rather than resulting from enhanced RG activity, we demonstrate that pallial growth is the product of a second type of progenitors (that we term AP for apical progenitors) that actively sustains neurogenesis and germinal zone self-renewal. Intriguingly, AP appear to retain, at larval stages, features of early embryonic progenitors. In parallel, RG enter premature quiescence and express markers of astroglial function. Together, we propose that mosaic heterochrony within the neural progenitor population may permit rapid pallial growth by safeguarding both continued neurogenesis and astroglial function.
Plasticity manifolds: Conjunctive changes in multiple ion channels mediate activity-dependent plasticity in hippocampal granule cells
Authors: Mishra Poonam , Narayanan Rishikesh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe dentate gyrus (DG) was the first brain region to provide insights about synaptic and intrinsic plasticity. However, the assessment of intrinsic plasticity in DG has been surprisingly limited. We employed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to explore the impact of behaviorally relevant theta-modulated burst firing, in the absence of synaptic stimulation, on intrinsic properties of rat DG granule cells. We found that theta burst firing induced a significant reduction in sub-threshold excitability and temporal summation, accompanied by an unexpectedly contrasting enhancement of action potential firing rate. We show that conjunctive changes in HCN, inward-rectifier potassium and persistent sodium channels mediated this form of plasticity, which was dependent on calcium influx through L-type calcium channels and inositol trisphosphate receptors. Our results unveil the expression of conjunctive plasticity in multiple channels, responding to the same activity pattern, establishing a plasticity manifold that could concomitantly mediate encoding and homeostasis in DG engram cells.
RNA-Binding Proteins MSI-1 (Musashi) and EXC-7 (HuR) Regulate Serotonin-Mediated Behaviors inC. elegans
Authors: Yang Zhe , Lan Lan , Wu Xiaoqing , Xu Liang , Buechner Matthew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding proteins HuR and MSI are essential for multiple developmental processes and are upregulated in many cancer tissues. TheC. eleganshomologues EXC-7 (HuR) and MSI-1 (MSI1 and MSI2) have been implicated in tubulogenesis, neural development, and specific behaviors that include male tail-curling to maintain contact with the hermaphrodite during mating. This behavior is mediated by serotonin signaling. Here, drug studies plus biochemical and genetic results indicate that MSI-1 affects serotonergic signaling through stabilization of mRNA of the Gα protein GOA-1/GNAO1 in neurons, which in turn affects activity of the serotonin synthase TPH-1/tryptophan hydroxylase via the response element CRH-1/CREB. EXC-7 (HuR) is also involved in this regulatory pathway. These results indicate a novel pathway and role for these RNA-binding proteins in regulating neurotransmitter levels that could be conserved in other tissues where these RNA-binding proteins are present.Impact StatementRNA-binding proteins Musashi and HuR upregulate serotonin levels for male-specific movement during mating via a novel pathway involving a neural Gα protein, response element, and serotonin synthase.
Analysis of capital structure stability of listed firms in China
Authors: Kyissima Kelvin Henry , Xue Gong Zhang , Yapatake Kossele Thales Pacific , Abeid Ahmed Ramadhan 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the corporate capital structure stability of listed firms in China during the period 1990–2013.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses panel data from a sample of 716 firms that have been listed in China for at least 15 years. A fixed-effects panel data regression model with time effects is used in the estimation.

Findings
The findings show that size, profitability and investment opportunities have a significant influence on capital structure, whereas the tangibility of assets is not found to be significant. Few industries show significance in explaining differences and variation in leverage ratios.

Social implications
It is recommended by this study that corporate managers of listed firms in China should consider leverage ratios variation while choosing the capital structure.

Originality/value
This study can be helpful in assisting companies to make financing decisions and setting up strategies relevant in their growth and profitability. The study will also have a significant assistance to bring to light corporate issues to policy makers, especially in the areas of both equity and debt financing, particularly the bond market. To the society, this study will show the nature of Chinese-listed companies, and it can assist individual investors in making decisions regarding companies in which they hold investments and in making meaningful comparisons with other companies. The paper also aims at contributing to the existing literature on the empirical study on capital structure.
A glacier model of Chinese management: perspectives from new institutionalism
Authors: Fan Zheng , Tong Xiner , Fan Peihua , Fan Qingli 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This study aims to build an indigenous Chinese management model based on Chinese culture.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts new institutionalism as its theoretical foundation, examines the core values of Chinese civilization in retrospect and identifies the key features of a Chinese management model. In this study, the authors develop a “glacier model” and test its reliability with the Haier Group.

Findings
This study proposes a new definition for a management model: a knowledge system based on institutional civilization that reflects management theory and practice. It analyzes the institutional environment of Chinese civilization: the recessive bottom-most layers are CBTLG (Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, legalism and Guan theory) and MDSX (Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping theory, scientific thoughts of development and Xi Jinping thought), the dominant principles are “Socialism and Mixed Economy” and the core values of Chinese culture compose the layer between them. This study concludes that the distinguishing features of Chinese management are harmonious management, the order-diversity pattern and Tai Chi management.

Research limitations/implications
This paper only discussed the management model of China. Based on the conclusions of this paper, in the future, researchers comparative studies on Chinese management and other countries’ management models with glacier model. By so doing, people can have a more comprehensive understanding of management models of different cultures.

Practical implications
The management characteristics contained in Chinese culture can provide more abundant knowledge for understanding current organizational management issues. A better understanding of the characteristics of a Chinese management model based on Chinese civilization is conducive to foreign investment or cross-cultural cooperation between Chinese and foreign enterprises.

Originality/value
This study provides a new perspective in studying Chinese management. The theoretical values of the glacier model are as follows: it is rooted in a Chinese management context; it makes up for the insufficiency in the current study of institutionalism; and it guides cross-cultural communication and management. The authors hope that the study attracts the attention of more scholars. Any civilization of any region or country can construct its own management model using the frame of the glacier model.
Influence of circulating-flow’s geometric characters on energy transition of a vortex pump
Authors: Quan Hui , Chai Yi , Li Rennian , Peng Guo-Yi , Guo Ying 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Having read previous literature about vortex pump, we noticed that mechanisms of circulating flow and its relationship with energy transition remain unclear yet. However, this mechanism, which should be clarified, significantly influences the pump’s efficiency. To comply with the aim of investigating it, the 150WX-200-20 type pump is selected as study object in our present work.

Design/methodology/approach
Numerical simulation is conducted to formulate interactions between flow rate and geometric parameters of circulating flow with certain types of blade while experiments on inner flow are served as a witness to provide experimental confirmation of numerical results. Based on these, we coupled some parameters with the pump’s external performance to study their internal connections.

Findings
It is concluded that separatrix between circulating flow and other turbulent forms is not that clear under low flow rate. With flow increases, hydraulic losses coming of it will be dominant within the front chamber. Besides, we analogized circulating flow to vortices so as to make a quantitative analysis on its progressive evolution with changing flow, and vortices speaking for circulating flow can be divided into two groups. One is called main circulating flow vortex (hereinafter referred to as MCFV), which occurs all the time while subsidiary circulating flow vortices (hereinafter referred to as SCFV) appear in certain conditions. This context discusses the primary phase of our work with intent to follow up further with circulating flow characterized by vortices (hereinafter referred to as CFV). We confirmed that MCFV Vortex 1 (Vor1) directly influences the efficiency while SCFVs only play helping. As the flow goes to the given working condition, fluids in this pump tend to be steady with the size of CFVs getting larger and their shape being regular. Meanwhile, for MCFV Vor2 and Vor4, their geometric parameters are the key factors for efficiency. When CFVs become steady, they absorb other vortices nearby, as they have higher viscosity with the efficiency reaching its maximum.

Originality/value
The research results explore a new way to measure the circulating flow and help work out the causation of this flow pattern, which may be used to improve the vortex pump’s efficiency.
Identification of inter-turn insulation faults in induction motor
Authors: Venugopal Gopu , Gopalakrishnan V. , Rajkumar S.P. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose Induction motors (IMs) are considered one of the most important elements of the industrial process. However, in this environment, these machines are subject to electrical and mechanical faults, which may cause significant financial losses. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to propose an optimal identification of inter-turn insulation faults present in the random wound IM.

Design/methodology/approach The design approach deals with a simple technique, using the effect of the inter-turn fault in modifying the high-frequency components of the applied pulse-width-modulated voltage.

Findings The change in insulation strength between the turns affects the capacitive component of the stator line current. Resulting changes in wave shapes of the applied voltage have been studied with respect to both the distance of inter-turn faults from line end and reduction in the insulation strength, and hence in the insulation resistance value.

Originality/value Studies have been conducted by using computer simulation and validated by experiments. There is ample evidence that an impending and progressing inter-turn fault can be identified in adjustable speed drives driven by frequency converters by studying line-end coil-voltage waveforms.
Research on softening curve of recycled concrete using base force element method in meso-level
Authors: Peng Yijiang , Chen Xiyun , Ying Liping , Kamel Mahmoud M.A. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Based on the base force element method, a two-dimensional random circle aggregate model with Monte Carlo principle is proposed to carry out research on softening curve in meso-level.

Design/methodology/approach
The meso-level structure of recycled concrete is considered as the five-phase materials composed of aggregate, old interfacial transition zone, old mortar, new interfacial transition zone and new mortar. A multi-polyline damage model is adopted to describe the nonlinear mechanical behavior of recycled concrete material. The destruction state of the element is determined by the first strength theory. The research studies on damage process of recycled concrete under the loading conditions of uniaxial tension were established using the base force element method.

Findings
The softening curves of recycled concrete are obtained, which are in good agreement with experiment results. Simulation results show that the macroscopic mechanical properties and failure mechanism can analyze more reasonably from mesoscopic structure. Besides that, it can be investigated from the numerical results of the size effect in recycled concrete through the mesoscopic heterogeneity. Furthermore, the form of aggregate distribution has influence on the crack path but little effect on the tensile strength of recycled concrete.

Originality/value
The results show that the base force element method has been successfully applied to the study of softening curve of recycled concrete under uniaxial tension.