bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing self-administration of medication: video-based evaluation of patient performance in the ABLYMED study
Authors: Luegering Anneke , Langner Robert , Wilm Stefan , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Hermann Dirk M. , Frohnhofen Helmut , Gronewold Janine 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundOlder adults often face challenges in medication management due to multimorbidity and complex medication regimens, which frequently go unreported. Unrecognized problems, however, may lead to a loss of drug efficacy and harmful side effects. This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of such problems by applying a novel video-based assessment procedure in a sample of elderly patients.MethodsIn this study, 67 elderly in-patients (≥70 years old and regularly taking ≥5 different drugs autonomously) from the ABLYMED study participated in a placebo-based assessment of medication management with five different dosage forms in an instructed manner while being filmed. Patient performance was quantified by the median value of two raters who evaluated each step of medication administration, which were summed to sum scores for each dosage form and an overall impression for each dosage form with a standardized and previously validated rating scheme.ResultsThe median (Q1;Q3) sum score for tablets was 7.0 (5.0;8.0) with a theoretical range between 4.0 and 17.0, for eye-drops 2.0 (1.0;2.0) with a theoretical range between 1.0 and 5.0, for oral drops 4.0 (3.0;6.0) with a theoretical range between 3.0 and 12.0, for pens 7.0 (5.0;9.0) with a theoretical range between 4.0 and 17.0 and for patches 5.0 (4.0;7.0) with a theoretical range between 3.0 and 15.0. The most difficult step of medication administration was peeling off the protective liner of a patch: 30% had severe difficulties or it was not possible, 21% had moderate difficulties and 49% had mild or no difficulties.DiscussionIn a sample of patients with autonomous medication management, our novel assessment procedure identified a substantial fraction of patients with handling problems for each dosage form. This suggests that patients´ medication management problems should be assessed regularly in clinical routine and tackled by patient-individual training or modification of the prescribed drug regimens to achieve effective drug therapy in the elderly.
Machine-learning models to predict myopia in children and adolescents
Authors: Mu Jingfeng , Zhong Haoxi , Jiang Mingjie 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo explore machine-learning applications in myopia prediction and analyze the influencing factors of myopia.MethodsStratified cluster random sampling was used to select elementary school students in Shenzhen, China for inclusion in this case-control study. Myopia screening, ocular biological parameter measurements, and questionnaires were conducted. Random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), extreme gradient boosting trees (XGBoost), support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression (LR) algorithms were used to construct five myopia prediction models using R software (version 4.3.0). These myopia prediction models were used to investigate the relationship between ocular biological parameters, environmental factors, behavioral factors, genetic factors, and myopia.ResultsThis study included 2,947 elementary school students, with a myopia prevalence rate of 47.2%. All five prediction models had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) above 0.75, with prediction accuracy and precision exceeding 0.70. The AUCs in the testing set were 0.846, 0.837, 0.833, and 0.815 for SVM, LR, RF, and XGBoost, respectively, indicating their superior predictive performance to that of DT (0.791). In the RF model, the five most important variables were axial length, age, sex, maternal myopia, and feeding pattern. LR identified axial length was the most significant risk factor for myopia [odds ratio (OR) =8.203], followed by sex (OR = 2.349), maternal myopia (OR = 1.437), Reading and writing posture (OR = 1.270), infant feeding pattern (OR = 1.207), and age (OR = 1.168); corneal radius (OR = 0.034) and anterior chamber depth (OR = 0.516) served as protective factors.ConclusionMyopia prediction models based on machine learning demonstrated favorable predictive performance and accurately identified myopia risk factors, and may therefore aid in the implementation of myopia prevention and control measures among high-risk individuals.
The effect of protein intake on athletic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Shiao , Zhang Hong , Xu Yipin , Li Jiarui , Du Senyao , Ning Ziheng 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe impact of a protein-rich diet and protein supplements on athletic performance remains a topic of debate. Does protein intake offer benefits for athletes? If so, which specific aspects of athletic performance are most influenced by protein?MethodsThis study aimed to explore the relationship between protein intake and athletic performance. A systematic database search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of protein intake on athletes’ performance. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Ovid. The meta-analysis included a total of 28 studies involving 373 athletes. The meta-analysis employed both the fixed-effects model and the random-effects model to investigate the impact of protein intake on sports performance. Subgroup analyses were conducted to provide solid evidence to explain the results of the meta-analysis. Sensitive analysis and funnel plots were used to assess the risk of bias and data robustness.ResultsOverall, protein intake did not show a statistically significant improvement in athletic performance (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.01 to 0.25). However, in subgroup analysis, the protein group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in endurance performance, as indicated by the forest plot of final values (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.32). Additionally, the change value in the forest plot for endurance performance showed even greater statistical significance than the final value (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.46). In the subgroup analysis based on physiological indices, muscle glycogen showed a statistically significant improvement in the protein group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 to 0.32). Furthermore, subgroup analyses based on protein supplementation strategies revealed that co-ingestion of protein and carbohydrates (CHO) demonstrated statistically significant improvements in endurance performance (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.61), whereas high protein intake alone did not.ConclusionProtein intake appears to provide modest benefits to athletes in improving their performance, particularly by enhancing endurance. Subgroup analysis suggests that protein intake improves muscle glycogen levels and that the co-ingestion of protein with CHO is more effective for endurance athletes than high protein intake alone.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, Identifier CRD42024508021.
Molecular prevalence and genotype identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle and goats from Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Xin Xianming , Sun Lijie , Liu Wei , Zhang Jiayin , Ma Shiyang , Fu Xinyi , Zhao Wei , Yan Baolong 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionEnterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi) is a widespread intracellular fungi that poses a significant zoonotic threat due to its infectivity toward both humans and animals.MethodsTo evaluate the zoonotic transmission potential of this fungi, a molecular investigation was undertaken on E. bieneusi in cattle and goats reared across multiple cities in Zhejiang Province, China. A total of 651 fresh samples were collected, consisting of 265 cattle and 386 goats. The presence of E. bieneusi was determined by PCR amplification and sequencing analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene in all collected samples.ResultsThe results revealed that 17.1% (111/859) of the animals were afflicted with E. bieneusi, cattle having a prevalence of 14.0% (37/265) and goats displaying a higher rate of 19.2% (74/386). Seventeen E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, including 10 known, CHG5 (n = 30), CHG3 (n = 21), I (n = 14), J (n = 12), CHG2 (n = 11), COS-II (n = 8), D (n = 4), CHG19 (n = 2), ETMK5 (n = 1), and Henan III (n = 1), and seven novel, ZJG-I to ZJG-VI and ZJN-I (one each) genotypes.DiscussionThese findings indicate widespread infection of E. bieneusi among the surveyed animals, thereby raising concerns about zoonotic genotypes that could pose potential threats to public health. Furthermore, the identification of novel genotypes of E. bieneusi offers valuable insights into the genetic diversity of this pathogen.
Gate Oxide Reliability in Silicon Carbide Planar and Trench Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors Under Positive and Negative Electric Field Stress
Authors: Shi Limeng , Qian Jiashu , Jin Michael , Bhattacharya Monikuntala , Houshmand Shiva , Yu Hengyu , Shimbori Atsushi , White Marvin H. , Agarwal Anant K. 
Published: November 2024

This work investigates the gate oxide reliability of commercial 1.2 kV silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with planar and trench gate structures. The performance of threshold voltage (Vth) and gate leakage current (Igss) in SiC MOSFETs is evaluated under positive and negative gate voltage stress. The oxide lifetimes of SiC planar and trench MOSFETs at 150 °C are measured using constant voltage Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) testing. From the test results, it is found that electron trapping and hole trapping in SiO2 caused by oxide electric field (Eox) stress affect the Vth of SiC MOSFETs. The saturation and turnaround behavior of the Vth shift during positive and negative gate voltage stresses indicates that the influence of charge trapping in the gate oxide varies with stress time. The Igss under positive and negative gate voltages depends on the tunneling barrier height for electrons and holes, respectively, which can be calculated using the Fowler–Nordheim (FN) tunneling mechanism. Moreover, the presence of near-interface traps (NITs) affects the barrier height for holes under negative gate voltages. The behavior of Vth shift and Igss under high-temperature gate bias reflects the charge trapping occurring in different regions of the gate oxide. In addition, compared to SiC planar MOSFETs, SiC trench MOSFETs with thicker gate oxide tend to exhibit higher lifetimes in TDDB tests.
Pandoraea Infections in Humans—A Systematic Review
Authors: Ziogou Afroditi , Giannakodimos Alexios , Giannakodimos Ilias , Tsantes Andreas G. , Ioannou Petros 
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Pandoraea species are Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that belong to the Burkholderiaceae family and the Betaproteobacteria class. Despite their rare occurrence in the general population, they have been increasingly observed as the causes of infection in immunocompromised individuals or patients with severe comorbidities. The present review seeks to examine all documented cases of Pandoraea spp. infections in humans, focusing on data related to epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, treatment options, and mortality rates. Methods: A systematic review was conducted through a literature search of the PubMed/MedLine and Scopus databases. This review is subjected to certain limitations regarding the data accuracy or pathogen identification molecular techniques applied in the studies. Results: In total, 29 studies provided information on 43 patients with Pandoraea spp. infections. The mean age of the patients was 42 years, and 58% were male. Cystic fibrosis was these patients’ most prevalent risk factor (39.5%). The most frequently reported types of infection were lower respiratory tract infections (74.41%) and bacteremia (30.23%), followed by infective endocarditis, pancreatitis, upper respiratory tract infection, and osteomyelitis (4.65%). P. apista was the most regularly isolated species (37.2%), while antimicrobial resistance was lower for carbapenems, especially for imipenem (17.14%). The most commonly administered antibiotics included carbapenems (82%), cephalosporins, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (35.89%). The infection outcome primarily depended on the type of infection; mortality rates were high (30.23%) and particularly elevated for bloodstream infections. The protocol for this review was registered in Prospero (ID: CRD42024579385). Conclusions: Due to Pandoraea’s unique antimicrobial resistance pattern and capacity to induce severe infection, clinicians should include it when making a differential diagnosis, especially in patients with severe comorbidities and immunodeficiency.
Проблемы и специфика подготовки кадров для сферы пожарной безопасности России
Authors: М.Н. Краснова , Л.В. Юшкова 
Published: November 2024

Статья сосредотачивает внимание авторов на актуальных вопросах специфики подготовки кадров для сферы пожарной безопасности, в том числе в контексте взаимодействий разных органов системы подготовки, направлениях и качестве профессиональных компетенций специалистов разного уровня системы пожарной безопасности. Ключевым моментом статьи стал сравнительный анализ системы подготовки кадров гражданской службы государственного муниципального управления и кадров сферы пожарной безопасности в Российской Федерации. В статье обозначены основные проблемы качества подготовки сотрудников сферы пожарной безопасности: отсутствие нормативно-правовых регламентов взаимодействия высших профессиональных учебных заведений и комплектующих органов МЧС, недостаточное участие комплектующих органов МЧС России в формировании программ подготовки и оценке ее результатов на всех этапах реализации, отсутствие четкой обратной связи между уровнями подготовки, предполагающей понимание остаточных знаний и компетенций специалистов, отсутствие единой системы взаимодействия высших профессиональных учебных заведений и комплектующих органов МЧС.
The article focuses the authors' attention on topical issues of the specifics of personnel training for the field of fire safety, including in the context of interactions between different bodies of the training system, directions and quality of professional competencies of specialists of different levels of the fire safety system. The key point of the article was a comparative analysis of the training system of the civil service of the state municipal administration and personnel in the field of fire safety in the Russian Federation. The article identifies the main problems of the quality of training of employees in the field of fire safety: the lack of regulatory and legal regulations for the interaction of higher professional educational institutions and components of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, insufficient participation of components of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in the formation of training programs and evaluation of its results at all stages of implementation, lack of clear feedback between levels of training, assuming an understanding of residual knowledge and competencies specialists, the lack of a unified system of interaction between higher professional educational institutions and components of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Внедрение экологически значимых мероприятий на предприятии (на примере ООО завод горного оборудования)
Authors: А.А. Шивков , Е.В. Щербенко 
Published: November 2024

Исследуется значение разработки экологической политики предприятия для реализации национальной экологической повестки устойчивого развития. Показано, что в текущий период мероприятия программ реализации экологической политики предприятий направлены на снижение степени загрязнения окружающей среды, обеспечение сокращения эксплуатационных затрат и выпуск промышленной продукции на принципах бережливого производства, активное внедрение современных экологических технологий, оборудования и материалов. Предложены рекомендации совершенствования технологической линии очистки сточных вод предприятия.
The article shows the role of the implementation of the environmental policy (EP) of the enterprise, organization and industry in the implementation of the national EP, which is the most important component of the sustainable development of the country in both the environmental and social spheres. It is established that the activities of environmental programs are primarily aimed at reducing environmental pollution, ensuring the reduction of operating costs and the production of industrial products based on waste-free production, the active introduction of highly environmentally friendly and cost-effective modern technologies, equipment and materials. It is recommended to improve the technological line of wastewater treatment of the enterprise.
Актуальность задачи анализа пожарной опасности электрооборудования объектов теплоэнергетического комплекса
Authors: Р.В. Кибус , А.В. Чубарь , Е.Ю. Трояк 
Published: November 2024

Рассмотрена актуальность задачи анализа пожарной опасности электрооборудования объектов теплоэнергетического комплекса. Представлен статистический анализ пожаров, возникающих в результате нарушения устройства и эксплуатации теплогенерирующих установок. Проведен обзор крупнейших пожаров на теплоэлектроцентралях за последние 10 лет. Определена доля пожаров на ТЭЦ, приходящихся на электрооборудование, а также распределительные устройства и кабельные линии
The relevance of the fire hazard analysis task of electrical equipment of the heat and power complex objects is considered. The statistical analysis of fires arising as a result of violation of the design and operation of heat generating plants is presented. The largest fires at heat and power plants over the past 10 years have been reviewed. The share of fires at the CHPPs accounted for electrical equipment, switchgears and cable lines
Вопросы интеграции взаимодействия образования, науки и практики в системе подготовки кадров в МЧС России
Authors: Л.В. Юшкова 
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена вопросам интеграции взаимодействия образования, науки и практики в контексте всеобъемлющей комплексной подготовки кадров для МЧС России, где основное внимание уделяется точкам соприкосновения всех элементов системы подготовки кадров, ее приоритетам в современных быстроменяющихся условиях и возрастающих внешних вызовов, ответы на которые по своей сути должны стать в плоскость приоритета квалификации специалиста сферы защиты населения и территорий от чрезвычайных ситуаций.
the article is devoted to the integration of the interaction of education, science and practice in the context of comprehensive integrated training for the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, where the main attention is paid to the points of contact of all elements of the training system, its priorities in modern rapidly changing conditions and increasing external challenges, the answers to which, in essence, should be in the plane of the priority of the qualification of a specialist in the field of public protection and territories from emergency situations.
Подходы к оценке действий оперативной дежурной смены при реагировании на техногенные пожары
Authors: Е.В. Скочилов , С.А. Гилек , Н.В. Мартинович , К.А. Корнейчук 
Published: November 2024

На основании существующих алгоритмов предложен вариант оценки действий оперативной дежурной службы при реагировании на техногенные пожары по каждому основному показателю, характеризующему качество работы центров управления в кризисных ситуациях, опираясь на логистическую функцию Харрингтона.
Based on the logistics function of Harrington, an assessment of the actions of the operational duty service in responding to man-made fires was carried out for each main indicator characterizing the quality of the work of control centers in crisis situations
Проблемы доведения прогнозной информации до территориальных подсистем единой государственной системы предупреждения и ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций
Authors: Ж.Р. Костюнина , Л.В. Юшкова 
Published: November 2024

В статье проводится анализ проблемного поля информативно-прогнозной базы в области защиты населения и территорий от чрезвычайных ситуаций природного характера. Среди таких проблем выявлены авторами сложность иерархических коллизий информационного регулирования, с запараллеливанием ряда функций, не соответствие научным критериям использования прогнозной информации, актуализации терминологии и алгоритмов действий в случаях чрезвычайных ситуаций, адаптация нормативно-правового регулирования под конкретные регионы и ситуации.
The article analyzes the problem field of the informative and predictive base in the field of protection of the population and territories from natural emergencies. Among such problems, the authors have identified the complexity of hierarchical collisions of information regulation, with parallelization of a number of functions, non-compliance with scientific criteria for the use of predictive information, updating terminology and algorithms of actions in emergency situations, adaptation of regulatory regulation to specific regions and situations.
Пути совершенствования систем мониторинга лесных пожаров на территории Республики Тыва
Authors: И.Н. Двойцова , А.Г. Монгуш 
Published: November 2024

Мониторинг лесных пожаров на территории Республики Тыва имеет важное значение. Целью проведения мониторинга является профилактика и предотвращение горения лесов, а также защита населенных пунктов и объектов инфраструктуры. В настоящей статье проведен сравнительный анализ систем мониторинга лестных пожаров, предложены пути совершенствования мониторинга территорий.
Wildfire monitoring in the Republic of Tyva is extremely important. The purpose of the monitoring is prevention and avoidance of wildfires as well as protection of localities and infrastructure. In this article, the analysis of monitoring systems for wildfires is conducted and proposed ways to improve monitoring of territories.
Полимерные материалы: классификация и методы пожарно-технического исследования
Authors: А.А. Субраков , Е.С. Кабакова 
Published: November 2024

В статье рассмотрена классификация полимерных материалов. Можно отметить, что полимерные материалы широко применяются во многих областях человеческой деятельности, удовлетворяя потребности различных отраслей промышленности, сельского хозяйства, медицины, культуры и быта. В связи с этим стоит отметить что полимеры обладают высокой горючестью. Показано, что основными методами исследования полимеров в целях пожарно-технической экспертизы являются методы термического анализа.
The article discusses the classification of polymer materials. It can be noted that polymer materials are widely used in many areas of human activity, satisfying the needs of various industries, agriculture, medicine, culture and everyday life. In this regard, it is worth noting that polymers are highly flammable. It is shown that the main methods of studying polymers for the purposes of fire-technical examination are thermal analysis methods.
Уровень пожарной безопасности в лечебных учреждениях на территории Российской Федерации
Authors: Н.Н. Назаров , Л.В. Долгушина 
Published: November 2024

Рассмотрены вопросы пожарной безопасности в лечебных учреждениях Российской Федерации. Приведены сведения по пожарам, произошедшим в лечебных учреждениях на территории Российской Федерации за последние десять лет с 2012 по 2021 годы.
Fire safety issues in medical institutions of the Russian Federation were considered. Information on fires that occurred in medical institutions on the territory of the Russian Federation over the past ten years from