bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training programs in communication skills to improve self-efficacy for health personnel
Authors: Mata Ádala Nayana de Sousa , Azevedo Kesley Pablo Morais de , Braga Liliane Pereira , Medeiros Gidyenne Christine Bandeira Silva de , Oliveira Segundo Victor Hugo de , Bezerra Isaac Newton Machado , Pimenta Isac Davidson Santiago Fernandes , Nicolás Ismael Martínez , Piuvezam Grasiela 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background:
Patient-centered care should be the focus of health services, where improvements in the communication skills of health professionals promote excellent health and quality care. Thus, this study is a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs in communication skills to promote self-efficacy in the communication of health personnel.

Methods:
This systematic review protocol is conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) statement guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The review should include studies carried out with health professionals who have undergone training in communication skills aimed at promoting their self-efficacy. Clinical trials (randomized, non-randomized), community trials, and quasi-experimental studies should be included. Therefore, the comprehensive search strategy will be conducted in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Science Direct, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Two independent reviewers will conduct all study selection procedures, data extraction, and methodological evaluation, and disagreements will be referred to a third reviewer. RevMan 5.3 software will be used to gather data and perform the meta-analysis if possible.

Results:
This systematic review will provide evidence on more effective programs for communication skills training and will consider information such as duration, educational strategies, assessment measures, and outcomes that promote health worker self-efficacy.

Discussion:
This systematic review should provide evidence for effective communication skills training for health professionals in order to guide new strategies for quality care.

Dissemination and ethics:
The findings of this scoping review will be disseminated in print, at conferences, or via peer-reviewed journals. Ethical approval is not necessary as this paper does not involve patient data.

Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42019129384.
GemSpot: A Pipeline for Robust Modeling of Ligands into CryoEM Maps
Authors: Robertson Michael J. , van Zundert Gydo C. P. , Borrelli Kenneth , Skiniotis Georgios 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProducing an accurate atomic model of biomolecule-ligand interactions from maps generated by cryo-electron microscopy often presents challenges inherent to the methodology and the dynamic nature of ligand binding. Here we have developed GemSpot, a pipeline of computational chemistry methods that take into account EM map potentials, quantum mechanics energy calculations, and water molecule site prediction to generate candidate poses and provide a measure of the degree of confidence. The pipeline is validated through several published cryoEM structures of complexes in different resolution ranges and various types of ligands. In all cases, at least one identified pose produced both excellent interactions with the target and agreement with the map. GemSpot will be valuable for the robust identification of ligand poses and drug discovery efforts through cryoEM.
A supragranular nexus for the effects of neocortical beta events on human tactile perception
Authors: Law Robert G. , Pugliese Sarah , Shin Hyeyoung , Sliva Danielle , Lee Shane , Neymotin Samuel , Moore Christopher , Jones Stephanie R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTransient neocortical events with high spectral power in the 15–29Hz beta band are among the most reliable predictors of sensory perception: High prestimulus beta event rates in primary somatosensory lead to sensory suppression, most effective at 100–300ms prestimulus latency. However, the synaptic and neuronal mechanisms inducing beta’s perceptual effects have not been completely localized. We combined human MEG with neural modeling designed to account for these macroscale signals to interpret the cellular and circuit mechanisms that underlie the influence of beta on tactile detection. Extending prior studies, we modeled the hypothesis that higher-order thalamic bursts, sufficient for beta event generation in cortex, recruit supragranular GABAB inhibition acting on a 300ms time scale to suppress sensory information. Consistency between model and MEG data supported this hypothesis and led to a further prediction, validated in our data, that stimuli are perceived when beta events occur simultaneously with tactile stimulation. The post-event suppressive mechanism explains an array of studies that associate beta with decreased processing, while the during-event mechanism may demand a reinterpretation of the role of beta events in the context of coincident timing.Significance statementSomatosensory beta events – transient 15-29Hz oscillations in electromagnetic recordings – are thought to be generated when “top-down” bursts of spikes presumably originating in higher-order thalamus arrive in upper layers of somatosensory cortex. Physiological evidence had shown that the immediate action of these top-down projections should be excitatory; however, after a beta event, sensory perception is noticeably inhibited for approximately 300ms. The source of this post-event sensory suppression, in particular, had been unresolved. Using a detailed computational model of somatosensory cortex, we find evidence for the hypothesis that these bursts couple indirectly to GABAB inhibition in upper layers of cortex, and that beta events first briefly disinhibit sensory relay before a longer period of inhibition.
The effects of postural threat induced by a virtual environment on performance of a walking balance task
Authors: Boroomand-Tehrani Amir , Huntley Andrew H. , Jagroop David , Campos Jennifer L. , Patterson Kara K. , Tremblay Luc , Mansfield Avril 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTRapid motor learning may occur in situations where individuals perceive a threat of injury if they do not perform a task well. This rapid motor learning may be facilitated by improved motor performance and, consequently, more errorless practice. As a first step towards understanding the role of perceived threat on rapid motor learning, the purpose of this study was to determine how performance of a motor task is affected in situations where perceived threat of injury is high. We hypothesized that perceived threat of injury in a virtual environment would result in improved performance of a walking task (i.e., walking on a narrow beam). Results demonstrated that increased perceived threat of injury yielded slightly greater, but not statistically significant, balance performance in virtual environments (median percentage of successful steps: 78.8%, 48.3%, and 55.2% in the real low-threat, virtual low-threat, and virtual high-threat environments, respectively). These results may be partially attributed to habituation to threat over time and practice. If implemented carefully, virtual reality technology can be an effective tool for investigating walking balance in environments that are perceived as threatening.
Dimensionality changes actin network through lamin A and C and zyxin
Authors: Zonderland Jip , Moldero Ivan Lorenzo , Mota Carlos , Moroni Lorenzo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe actin cytoskeleton plays a key role in differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), but its regulation in 3D tissue engineered scaffolds remains poorly studied. hMSCs cultured on 3D electrospun scaffolds made of a stiff material do not form actin stress fibers, contrary to hMSCs on 2D films of the same material. On 3D electrospun- and 3D additive manufactured scaffolds, hMSCs also displayed fewer focal adhesions, lower lamin A and C expression and less YAP1 nuclear localization. Together, this shows that dimensionality prevents the build-up of cellular tension, even on stiff materials. Knock down of either lamin A and C or zyxin resulted in fewer stress fibers in the cell center. Zyxin knock down reduced lamin A and C expression, but not vice versa, showing that this signal chain starts from the outside of the cell. Our study demonstrates that dimensionality changes the actin cytoskeleton through lamin A and C and zyxin, an important insight for future scaffold design, as the actin network, focal adhesions and nuclear stiffness are all critical for hMSC differentiation.
Pharmacological or genetic targeting of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels can disrupt the planarian escape response
Authors: Sabry Ziad , Ho Alicia , Ireland Danielle , Rabeler Christina , Cochet-Escartin Olivier , Collins Eva-Maria S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn response to noxious stimuli, planarians cease their typical ciliary gliding and exhibit an oscillatory type of locomotion called scrunching. We have previously characterized the biomechanics of scrunching and shown that it is induced by specific stimuli, such as amputation, noxious heat, and extreme pH. Because these specific inducers are known to activate Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels in other systems, we hypothesized that TRP channels control scrunching. We found that chemicals known to activate TRPA1 (allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and hydrogen peroxide) and TRPV (capsaicin and anandamide) in other systems induce scrunching in the planarian species Dugesia japonica and, except for anandamide, in Schmidtea mediterranea. To confirm that these responses were specific to either TRPA1 or TRPV, respectively, we tried to block scrunching using selective TRPA1 or TRPV antagonists and RNA interference (RNAi) mediated knockdown. Unexpectedly, co-treatment with a mammalian TRPA1 antagonist, HC-030031, enhanced AITC-induced scrunching by decreasing the latency time, suggesting an agonistic relationship in planarians. We further confirmed that TRPA1 in both species is necessary for AITC-induced scrunching using RNAi. Conversely, while co-treatment of a mammalian TRPV antagonist, SB-366791, also enhanced capsaicin-induced reactions in D. japonica, combined knockdown of two previously identified D. japonica TRPV genes (DjTRPVa and DjTRPVb) did not inhibit capsaicin-induced scrunching. Surprisingly, RNAi of either DjTRPAa or DjTRPVa/DjTRPVb disrupted scrunching induced by the endocannabinoid and TRPV agonist, anandamide. Overall, our results show that although scrunching induction can involve different initial pathways for sensing stimuli, this behavior’s signature dynamical features are independent of the inducer, implying that scrunching is a stereotypical planarian escape behavior in response to various noxious stimuli that converge on a single downstream pathway. Understanding which aspects of nociception are conserved or not across different organisms can provide insight into the underlying regulatory mechanisms to better understand pain sensation.
Does rehearsal matter? Left anterior temporal alpha and theta band changes correlate with the beneficial effects of rehearsal on working memory
Authors: Plaska Chelsea Reichert , Ng Kenneth , Ellmore Timothy M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRehearsal during working memory (WM) maintenance facilitates retrieval. Less is known about how rehearsal modulates WM delay activity. In the present study, 44 participants completed a Sternberg Task with either intact novel scenes or phase-scrambled scenes, which had similar color and spatial frequency but lacked semantic content. During each condition participants generated a descriptive label and covertly rehearsed or suppressed (repeated “the”) during the delay. This was easy in the former but more difficult in the later condition where scenes lacked semantic content. Behavioral performance and EEG delay activity was analyzed as a function of maintenance strategy. Performance during WM revealed a benefit of rehearsal for phase-scrambled but not intact scenes. Examination of the absolute amplitude revealed three underlying sources of activity for rehearsal, including the left anterior temporal (TAL), left and midline parietal regions. Increases in alpha and theta activity in TAL were correlated with improvement in performance on WM with rehearsal only when labeling was not automatic (i.e. phase-scrambled scenes), which may reflect differences in labeling and rehearsal (i.e. semantic associations vs. shallow labels). We conclude that rehearsal only benefits memory for visual stimuli that lack semantic information, and that this is correlated with changes in alpha and theta rhythms.
Studying cellular functions in bipolar disorder: Are there specific predictors of lithium response?
Authors: Paul Pradip , Iyer Shruti , Nadella Ravi Kumar , Nayak Rashmitha , Chellappa Anirudh S. , Ambardar Sheetal , Sud Reeteka , Sukumaran Salil K. , Purushottam Meera , Jain Sanjeev ,   ADBS Consortium (ADBS: The Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells), Viswanath Biju 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundLithiumis the first-line mood stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). In order to interrogate cellular phenotypes related to disease and lithium treatment response, this study used neural precursor cells (NPCs) and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from BD patients who are well characterized for clinical lithium response.MethodsBDpatientsdiagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria; were recruited from the outpatient services of the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India. Clinical lithium response was assessed using the “Alda scale” and “NIMH Retrospective Life chart method”. The controls were ethnically matched healthy subjects with no family history of neuropsychiatric illness. NPCs from two BD patients from the same family who clearly differed in their clinical response to lithium were chosen, and compared with healthy population controls. Whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and analysis were performed, with and withoutin vitrolithium (1mM for 7 days). In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell viability and cell proliferation parameters were examined. Experiments were also performed in 25 LCLs from BD patients (16 lithium responders and 9 lithium non-responders), and 12 healthy control LCLs, to evaluate them in a system amenable to clinical translation.ResultsRNA-Sequencingand analysis did not reveal differences in NPCs onin vitrolithium treatment. MMP was lower in BD, both in NPCs and LCLs; reversal within vitrolithium happened only in LCLs and was unrelated to lithium response. Cell proliferation was higher in BD compared to controls, and there was no change on lithium addition. Cell viability assays indicated greater cell death in BD; which could only be rescued in LCLs of clinical lithium responders. The latter finding was associated with enhancedBCL2andGSK3Bexpression within vitrolithium.DiscussionOverall, our study findings indicate that there are cellular phenotypes related to the disease (mitochondrial potential, cell proliferation) in NPCs and LCLs. We also observed clinical lithium response related phenotypes (cell viability,BCL2/ GSK3Bexpression) in LCLs. The next step would be to evaluate a larger set of PBMCs from clinical lithium response groups of BD to derive cellular phenotypes related to direct clinical application.
Morpho-anatomical variation and their phylogenetic implications in native and exotic species ofPinusgrowing in the Indian Himalayas
Authors: Singh Lav , Dixit Pooja , Srivastava Ravi Prakash , Pandey Shivaraman , Verma Praveen Chandra , Saxena Gauri 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTPine is native to all continents and some oceanic islands of the northern hemisphere, chiefly in boreal, temperate or mountainous tropical regions; reaching its southernmost distribution below the equator in Southeast Asia.Pinusis divided into two subgenera,Strobus, andPinusby the number of vascular bundles present in the needles. Comprehensive and detailed anatomy of needles in ten species ofPinususing nine anatomical traits was carried out. These morphological and anatomical traits supported the classification of the genus up to section level. It was observed that number of needles per fascicle varied along with other related traits such as thickness and width of vascular bundles, the diameter of resin ducts, the thickness of epidermis and thickness and width of endodermal cells that show remarkable variations among different species selected for the present study. The data can be used as a tool for identification and classification ofPinusupto genus and species level. We also found that similarity and differences in leaf anatomical traits supported the molecular phylogeny ofPinusconducted by several researchers.
Loss of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 4 function alters plant growth, stomatal function and improves tomato tolerance to salinity and osmotic stress
Authors: Bouzroud Sarah , Gasparini Karla , Hu Guojian , Machado Barbosa Maria Antonia , Rosa Bruno Luan , Fahr Mouna , Bendaou Najib , Bouzayen Mondher , Zsögön Agustin , Smouni Abdelaziz , Zouine Mohamed 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAuxin controls multiple aspects of plant growth and development. However, its role in stress responses remains poorly understood. Auxin acts on the transcriptional regulation of target genes, mainly through Auxin Response Factors (ARF). This study focuses on the involvement of SlARF4 in tomato tolerance to salinity and osmotic stress. Using a reverse genetic approach, we found that the antisense down-regulation of SlARF4 promotes root development and density, increases soluble sugars content and maintains chlorophyll content at high levels under stress conditions. Furthermore, ARF4-as displayed higher tolerance to salt and osmotic stress through reduced stomatal conductance coupled with increased leaf relative water content and ABA content under normal and stressful conditions. This increase in ABA content was correlated with the activation of ABA biosynthesis genes and the repression of ABA catabolism genes. cat1, Cu/ZnSOD and mdhar genes were up-regulated in ARF4-as plants which can result in a better tolerance to salt and osmotic stress. A CRISPR/Cas9 induced SlARF4 mutant showed similar growth and stomatal responses as ARF4-as plants, which suggest that arf4-cr can tolerate salt and osmotic stresses. Our data support the involvement of ARF4 as a key factor in tomato tolerance to salt and osmotic stresses and confirm the use of CRISPR technology as an efficient tool for functional reverse genetics studies.
Plasmodium falciparumgrowth is regulated by Sphingosine 1 phosphate produced by Host Erythrocyte Membrane Sphingosine kinase 1
Authors: Sah Raj Kumar , Saini Monika , Pati Soumya , Singh Shailja 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) a bioactive lipid is produced in its primary reservoir, erythrocytes by an enzyme Sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK-1). The activation of such kinases and the subsequent S1P generation and secretion in the blood serum represent a major regulator of many cellular signaling cascades. Orthologue of sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SphK-1 and 2) that catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine generating S1P are not present in malaria parasite. The malaria parasite,Plasmodium falciparum, is an intracellular obligatory organism that reside in the human erythrocyte during its blood stage life cycle and orchestrates many metabolic interactions with host for its survival. Given the regulatory role of S1P, we targeted host SphK-1 by a generic pharmacological inhibitor N,N-Dimethyl-sphingosine (DMS) and analyzed growth of intra-erythrocytic parasite. We found that reducing S1P levels by inhibiting host SphK-1 activity led to halted parasite growth and ultimately cell death. Reduced intracellular S1P levels were attributed to decreased glycolysis marked by the low uptake of glucose by parasite and by less production of lactate, a byproduct of glycolysis. Reduced glycolysis was mediated by decrease translocation of the glycolytic enzyme, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to the cytosol of infected erythrocytes and cell death. Knocking down of erythrocyte SphK-1 is not lethal to the host and being a host encoded enzyme, targeting it with safe and specific drugs will not lead to the problem of resistance; thus, SphK-1 represents a potent target for the development of therapeutics against intra-erythrocyticP. falciparum.Author SummaryErythrocytes membrane enzyme Sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK-1) produces Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) a bioactive lipid by phosphorylation of Sphingosine (Sph). S1P generated by activation of SphK is prosurvival signal and regulate cell growth. The malaria parasite,Plasmodium falciparum, is an intracellular obligatory pathogen that reside in erythrocyte during its blood stage life cycle and orchestrates many metabolic interactions with its host erythrocytes for survival. Orthologue of SphK-1/ 2 are not present in malaria parasite, therefore treatment with SphK inhibitor targeted host SphK-1 and led to reduced S1P level. The reduction in host S1P led to halted parasite growth and cell death. Furthermore, reduced erythrocyte S1P levels led to decreased glycolysis marked by the low uptake of glucose by parasite and by less production of lactate. Erythrocyte SphK-1 being a host encoded enzyme, is resistance safe and represents a potent target for the development of therapeutics against intra-erythrocyticP. falciparum.
High-value, low-effort industrial plant commissioning solution strategies
Authors: Mock Brant , O'Connor James T. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The main purpose of this paper is to identify high-value, low-effort solution strategies to common commissioning and startup (CSU) problems experienced during industrial construction projects.

Design/methodology/approach
Data on the value provided by solution strategies and effort required to implement them were collected from 35 industry experts via an electronic survey. The authors used a PICK (Possible, Implement, Challenge and Kill) chart two-axis modeling method to distinguish high-value, low-effort strategies from among the set of 178 possible solution strategies to the 20 most common CSU problem activities.

Findings
A total of 38 strategies were identified by industry experts as both high-value and low-effort solutions to the most common CSU problems experienced on industrial construction projects. The 20 common CSU problems had an average of almost nine solution strategies each, of which an average of almost two were identified as high-value, low-effort.

Research limitations/implications
The research findings are limited to industrial-type construction projects; however, parallels may exist with heavy civil, commercial and other types of construction. The sample size was relatively small but in accord with other CSU surveys.

Practical implications
Managers are provided a list of 38 highly effective strategies to use when they encounter common CSU problems. By implementing these strategies, managers will provide their projects with more benefit for less investment.

Originality/value
Although several studies have identified solution strategies to CSU problems, none have sought to differentiate between strategies. This study distinguishes between an extensive set of 178 strategies along both effort and value metrics, identifying high-value, low-effort strategies using a novel application of the PICK chart model.