bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B12 status in kidney transplant recipients: association with dietary intake, body adiposity and immunosuppression
Authors: Pontes Karine Scanci da Silva , Klein Márcia Regina Simas Torres , da Costa Mariana Silva , Rosina Kelli Trindade de Carvalho , Barreto Ana Paula Medeiros Menna , Silva Maria Inês Barreto , Rioja Suzimar da Silveira 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin B12(B12) deficiency in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and its possible association with B12dietary intake, body adiposity and immunosuppressive drugs. In this cross-sectional study, we included 225 KTR, aged 47·50 (sd12·11) years, and 125 (56 %) were men. Serum levels of B12were determined by chemiluminescent microparticle intrinsic factor assay and the cut-off of 200 pg/ml was used to stratify KTR into B12-sufficient or B12-deficient group. B12dietary intake was evaluated by three 24 h dietary recalls and was considered adequate when ≥2·4 μg/d. Body adiposity was estimated after taking anthropometric measures and using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method. B12deficiency was seen in 14 % of the individuals. B12-deficient group, compared with the B12-sufficient group, exhibited lower intake of B12(median 2·42 (interquartile range (IQR) 1·41–3·23)v. 3·16 (IQR 1·94–4·55) μg/d,P= 0·04) and higher values of waist circumference (median 96·0 (IQR 88·0–102·5)v. 90·0 (IQR 82·0–100·0) cm,P= 0·04). When the analysis included only women, B12deficiency was associated with higher total and central body adiposity measurements obtained with anthropometry (BMI, body adiposity index, waist and neck circumferences) and DXA (total and trunk body fat). Among individuals with adequate intake of B12, the deficiency of this vitamin was more frequently seen in those using mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (17 %)v. azathioprine (2 %),P= 0·01. In conclusion, the prevalence of B12deficiency in KTR was estimated as 14 % and was associated with reduced intake of B12as well as higher adiposity, especially in women, and with the use of MMF.
First observations of hermaphroditism in the patellid limpetPatella piperataGould, 1846
Authors: Sousa Ricardo , Henriques Paulo , Vasconcelos Joana , Faria Graça , Riera Rodrigo , Pinto Ana Rita , Delgado João , Hawkins Stephen J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHermaphroditism is thought to be an advantageous strategy common in marine molluscs that exhibit simultaneous, sequential or alternating hermaphroditism. Several species of patellid limpets have previously been shown to be protandrous hermaphrodites. The present study aimed to confirm whether this phenomenon occurs inPatella piperata. Transitional forms of simultaneous protandrous hermaphroditism were found in intermediate size classes ofP. piperata, in Madeira (North-eastern Atlantic). Sequential hermaphroditism was confirmed after histological analysis. The overall sex-ratio was biased towards females but approached similar proportions in the larger size classes. Analysis of size at sex change showed that at a shell length of 36 mm 50% of the population probably have changed sex. The results reported confirm the occurrence of sequential hermaphroditism. These findings are of utmost importance to the understanding of the reproductive biology of this species with direct effect on management and conservation of this traditionally harvested limpet.
Populism and International Relations: (Un)predictability, personalisation, and the reinforcement of existing trends in world politics
Authors: Destradi Sandra , Plagemann Johannes 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs populists have formed governments all over the world, it becomes imperative to study the consequences of the rise of populism for International Relations. Yet, systematic academic analyses of the international impact of populist government formation are still missing, and political commentators tend to draw conclusions from few cases of right-wing populism in the Global North. But populism – conceptualised as a ‘thin’ ideology based on anti-elitism and anti-pluralism – takes different shapes across world regions as populists combine it with different ‘thick’ ideologies. To reflect such diversity and gain more systematic insights into the global implications of populism, we focus on cases of populist government formation in the Global South. We find that populists in power are not, per se, more belligerent or less willing to engage globally than their non-populist predecessors. Factors like status seeking or a country's embeddedness in international institutions mitigate the impact of populism. Its most immediate effect concerns procedural aspects: foreign policymaking becomes more centralised and personalised – yet, not entirely unpredictable, given the importance of ‘thick’ ideologies espoused by populist parties and leaders. Rather than changing course entirely, populists in power reinforce existing trends, especially a tendency towards diversifying international partnerships.
The development of possession in the L1 acquisition of Northern East Cree
Authors: HENKE Ryan E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study presents the first investigation of the development of possessive constructions in Northern East Cree, a polysynthetic language indigenous to Canada. It examines transcripts from naturalistic recording sessions involving one adult and one child, from age 2;01.12 to 3;08.24. Findings reveal that, despite the frequency of possessive inflection in child-directed speech, the child overwhelmingly produces a possessive construction that circumvents this morphology. This construction, named here theequational possessive strategy(EPS), is largely undescribed in existing literature but is the primary mechanism for the child to express possession. These findings have potential implications for the cross-linguistic acquisition of possessive morphology and the connections between child-directed speech and child language production.
Patients with laboratory evidence of West Nile virus disease without reported fever
Authors: Landry K. , Rabe I. B. , Messenger S. L. , Hacker J. K. , Salas M. L. , Scott-Waldron C. , Haydel D. , Rider E. , Simonson S. , Brown C. M. , Smole S. C. , Neitzel D. F. , Schiffman E. K. , Strain A. K. , Vetter S. , Fischer M. , Lindsey N. P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In 2013, the national surveillance case definition for West Nile virus (WNV) disease was revised to remove fever as a criterion for neuroinvasive disease and require at most subjective fever for non-neuroinvasive disease. The aims of this project were to determine how often afebrile WNV disease occurs and assess differences among patients with and without fever. We included cases with laboratory evidence of WNV disease reported from four states in 2014. We compared demographics, clinical symptoms and laboratory evidence for patients with and without fever and stratified the analysis by neuroinvasive and non-neuroinvasive presentations. Among 956 included patients, 39 (4%) had no fever; this proportion was similar among patients with and without neuroinvasive disease symptoms. For neuroinvasive and non-neuroinvasive patients, there were no differences in age, sex, or laboratory evidence between febrile and afebrile patients, but hospitalisations were more common among patients with fever (P < 0.01). The only significant difference in symptoms was for ataxia, which was more common in neuroinvasive patients without fever (P = 0.04). Only 5% of non-neuroinvasive patients did not meet the WNV case definition due to lack of fever. The evidence presented here supports the changes made to the national case definition in 2013.
A tuberculosis outbreak at an insecure, temporary housing facility, manga café, Tokyo, Japan, 2016–2017
Authors: Endo M. , Ota M. , Kayebeta A. , Takahashi I. , Nagata Y. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In November 2016, a woman in her 30s who stayed at an insecure, temporary housing facility, a manga café in Tokyo, Japan, for a year was diagnosed with sputum smear-positive tuberculosis (TB). Since the café had 31 staff members and provided with accommodation to many people, the local health office initiated a contact investigation. This study aims to characterise the cases found in the outbreak. A TB case was defined as a person tested bacteriologically positive for TB, or was determined to have TB by a physician. A latent TB infection case was defined as a person tested positive by interferon-γ release assay. From January 2016 through November 2017, there were 31 staff members at the manga café, of which, six developed TB disease (one smear-negative, culture-positive and five smear- and culture-negative) in addition to seven LTBI. Another long-term customer was found having sputum smear-positive TB. Variable numbers tandem repeat (VNTR) test revealed that the index patient and the long-term customer had the identical type of VNTR; however, one staff member had a different VNTR. Local health authorities should intensify screening long-term customers of such facilities for TB regularly as well as once a TB outbreak occurs.
Echocardiographic predictors of elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressure in adolescent and adult patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Lubert Adam M. , Cotts Timothy B. , Zampi Jeffrey D. , Yu Sunkyung , Norris Mark D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElevated left ventricular end diastolic pressure is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. The objective of this retrospective study was to identify echocardiographic measures associated with left ventricular end diastolic pressure >12 mmHg in this population. Repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients age ≥13 years, who underwent a left heart catheterisation within 7 days of having an echocardiogram were evaluated. Univariate comparison was made in echocardiographic and clinical variables between patients with left ventricular end diastolic pressure >12 versus ≤12 mmHg. Ninety-four patients (54% male) with a median age of 24.6 years were included. Thirty-four (36%) had left ventricular end diastolic pressure >12 mmHg. Patients with left ventricular end diastolic pressure >12mmHg were older (median 32.9 versus 24.0 years, p = 0.02), more likely to have a history of an aortopulmonary shunt (62% versus 38%, p = 0.03), and have a diagnosis of hypertension (24% versus 7%, p = 0.03) compared to those with left ventricular end diastolic pressure ≤12 mmHg. There were no significant differences in mitral valve E/A ratio, annular e’ velocity, or E/e’ ratio between patients with left ventricular end diastolic pressure >12 versus ≤12 mmHg. Patients with left ventricular end diastolic pressure >12mmHg had larger left atrial area (mean 17.7 versus 14.0 cm2, p = 0.03) and larger left atrium anterior–posterior diameter (mean 36.0 versus 30.6 mm, p = 0.004). In conclusion, typical echocardiographic measures of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction may not be reliable in tetralogy of Fallot patients. Prospective studies with the use of novel echocardiographic measures are needed.
The impact of green preferences on the relevance of history versus expectations
Authors: Schaefer Andreas , Stünzi Anna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn an overlapping generations model with multiple steady states, we analyse the impact of endogenous environmental policies on the relevance of history and expectations for the equilibrium selection. In a polluting regime, environmental preferences cause an increasing energy tax which raises the risk that the economy transitions to the inferior equilibrium under pessimistic expectations. However, higher environmental preferences imply an earlier switch to the clean energy regime. Then, the conflict between production and environmental preferences is resolved and the prospects of selecting the superior equilibrium improve, since positive expectations become more relevant. In an empirical analysis we find that people with environmental preferences tend to have more optimistic expectations about economic development. Using these findings to analyse the steady-state dynamics implies that agents with environmental preferences support higher energy taxes and switch to clean production more quickly. Due to their optimism, the likelihood of reaching the superior stable steady state increases.
Seasonal Variation of the Intraepithelial Gland in Camel Epididymis with Special Reference to Autophagosome
Authors: Abdel-Maksoud Fatma M. , Hussein Manal T , Attaai Abdelraheim 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe key role of the epididymis is contributing to sperm storage, maturation, and survival. The epididymis of camel has a unique structure called the intraepithelial gland. The present work aimed to investigate the structure of the epididymal intraepithelial gland with special references to the seasonal variation. The samples were collected from the distal part of the corpus epididymes of completely healthy mature camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Tomato lectin-positive material had been demonstrated within the epididymal spermatozoa. Here, we provide the first transmission electron microscopic study for the intraepithelial gland of camel epididymis detecting the autophagy during the nonbreeding season. The autophagosomes originated from the endoplasmic reticulum, surrounding mitochondria, and located mainly next to the basement membrane. This location is probably valuable for subsequent passing of their contents into the interstitium for possible recycling. The histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of the gland in the breeding season indicated a hyperactive secretory microenvironment enriched with the glycoprotein-producing machinery, which could be controlled by androgens. The present data suggest that the camel intraepithelial gland has a significant impact on the reproductive activity through their secretory microenvironment during the breeding season. Moreover, it recycles the unused organelles or proteins for reuse or to supply energy under stress conditions in the nonbreeding season.
Evaluation of Nanomechanical Properties of Tomato Root by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Nicolás-Álvarez D. E. , Andraca-Adame J. A. , Chanona-Pérez J. J. , Méndez-Méndez J. V. , Cárdenas-Pérez S. , Rodríguez-Pulido A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHere, different tissue surfaces of tomato root were characterized employing atomic force microscopy on day 7 and day 21 of growth through Young's modulus and plasticity index. These parameters provide quantitative information regarding the mechanical behavior of the tomato root under fresh conditions in different locations of the cross-section of root [cell surface of the epidermis, parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb)]. The results show that the mechanical parameters depend on the indented region, tissue type, and growth time. Thereby, the stiffness increases in the cell surface of epidermal tissue with increasing growth time (from 9.19 ± 0.68 to 13.90 ± 1.68 MPa) and the cell surface of Pa tissue displays the opposite behavior (from 1.74 ± 0.49 to 0.48 ± 0.55); the stiffness of cell surfaces of Vb tissue changes from 10.60 ± 0.58 to 6.37 ± 0.53 MPa, all cases showed a statistical difference (p < 0.05). Viscoelastic behavior dominates the mechanical forces in the tomato root. The current study is a contribution to a better understanding of the cell mechanics behavior of different tomato root tissues during growth.
On the Momentum Balance of Tampa Bay
Authors: Chen Jing , Weisberg Robert H. , Liu Yonggang , Zheng Lianyuan , Zhu Jun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe momentum balance for the density‐driven, nontidal circulation of a partially mixed estuary is generally considered to be between the pressure gradient and vertical friction forces, the result being a two‐layered, mean estuarine circulation often referred to as gravitational convection. All estuaries, however, tend to have geometric complexities that may alter this simplistic view. Here we apply a very high resolution, numerical circulation model to diagnose the momentum balance distributions throughout Tampa Bay, a partially mixed estuary on Florida's west coast. With resolution as fine as 20 m, the model resolves the channels, inlets, bridge causeways, and other geometric complexities that impact the momentum balance distributions. A point‐by‐point, three‐dimensional momentum balance closure analysis demonstrates that while the general expectation for the nontidal estuarine circulation is met, the distribution of terms within the balance is more complex than the simplistic view when real geometries are considered. With Tampa Bay geometries being typical of many partially mixed estuaries, the results herein may also be of a more general nature.
When Will Spaceborne Cloud Radar Detect Upward Shifts in Cloud Heights?
Authors: Takahashi Hanii , Lebsock Matthew D. , Richardson Mark , Marchand Roger , Kay Jennifer E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCloud feedbacks remain the largest source of uncertainty in future climate predictions. Simulations robustly project an increase in cloud height, which is supported by some observational evidence. However, how much of this increasing trend is due to climate warming and how much is due to multiyear natural variability still remains unclear because of the brevity of existing observational records. Here we estimate when the signal will become detectable at 95% confidence by existing radar technology. We use output from a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 Community Earth System Model version 1 simulation in a Monte Carlo analysis to determine (1) what is the first year at which changes in the altitude of high cloud can be confidently estimated if we continue to fly W‐band cloud radar, (2) what radar sensitivity is required to detect those changes, and (3) at what latitude will we first detect these changes? In Community Earth System Model version 1 a cloud radar record would be able to confidently detect upward shifts in cloud height over 20–60°N before 2030 for a radar with a sensitivity of −15 dBZ and stable calibration errors of ±0.25 dBZ. Furthermore, vertical resolution could be degraded to 1.6 km with little effect on detection year. Results are more sensitive to the magnitude of calibration errors than to the minimum detectable echo. Our earlier midlatitude detection contrasts with a previous lidar‐based analysis, which may be due to radar detecting different parts of the clouds and our use of simulations that account for changing geographical patterns of forced warming through time.
Estimating a Tsunami Source by Sediment Transport Modeling: A Primary Attempt on a Historical/1867 Normal‐Faulting Tsunami in Northern Taiwan
Authors: Sugawara D. , Yu N. T. , Yen J. Y. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study applies coupled tsunami hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling to a historical earthquake‐generated tsunami to estimate its source parameters for the first time. The Keelung Earthquake and Tsunami, which struck northern Taiwan in 1867, was investigated by comparing numerical simulations with geological records of the tsunami in the Jinshan Plain in addition to historical records of the tsunami's behavior, height, and coseismic subsidence. Onshore to offshore segments of the Shanchiao normal fault were examined as potential sources of the tsunami, and varying slips of 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 m, which corresponded to an earthquake magnitude of Mw ~7, were tested individually. The tsunami hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling strongly suggested a rupture in the cross‐shore segment of the Shanchiao fault, which has not previously been considered as the source of the earthquake and tsunami. Unlike megathrust (subduction‐zone) earthquakes, an intraplate earthquake on the Shanchiao fault has minimal potential to generate a large‐scale tsunami that inundates extensive coastal areas and reworks and deposits tons of coastal sediment. However, local activity at a nearshore normal fault can generate damaging tsunamis even in a highly shallow bathymetry setting. The generation mechanism of the disastrous tsunami caused by near‐shore normal faulting may provide useful implications for tsunami risk assessments in the tsunami‐prone areas of the world.
Variability in the Northern North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans Across the Last Two Millennia: A Review
Authors: Moffa‐Sánchez P. , Moreno‐Chamarro E. , Reynolds D. J. , Ortega P. , Cunningham L. , Swingedouw D. , Amrhein D. E. , Halfar J. , Jonkers L. , Jungclaus J. H. , Perner K. , Wanamaker A. , Yeager S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe climate of the last two millennia was characterized by decadal to multicentennial variations, which were recorded in terrestrial records and had important societal impacts. The cause of these climatic events is still under debate, but changes in the North Atlantic circulation have often been proposed to play an important role. In this review we compile available high‐resolution paleoceanographic data sets from the northern North Atlantic and Nordic Seas. The records are grouped into regions related to modern ocean conditions, and their variability is discussed. We additionally discuss our current knowledge from modeling studies, with a specific focus on the dynamical changes that are not well inferred from the proxy records. An illustration is provided through the analysis of two climate model ensembles and an individual simulation of the last millennium. This review thereby provides an up‐to‐date paleoperspective on the North Atlantic multidecadal to multicentennial ocean variability across the last two millennia.
Atlantic‐Pacific SST Gradient Change Responsible for the Weakening of North Tropical Atlantic‐ENSO Relationship due to Global Warming
Authors: Choi Jun‐Young , Ham Yoo‐Geun , McGregor Shayne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe changes in the negative relationship between the boreal spring North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) and the subsequent El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event are examined. While the NTA's triggering of ENSO events has strengthened in the observed period during 1992–2002 compared to 1967–1987, it is projected to be weakened in the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. The relative change in the climatological Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), compared to those in other ocean basins, can explain the negative NTA‐ENSO relationship changes in both the observations and RCP4.5 scenario. In RCP4.5 scenario, the climatological Atlantic SST weakly increases relative to other ocean basins; therefore, the increase in the SST threshold for convection is greater than the increase in Atlantic SST, which suppress Atlantic convection. This suppresses NTA‐related local convection anomalies associated with the weakened negative NTA‐ENSO relationship. In the observed recent decades, the climatological Atlantic SST is further increased than those of other oceans, and thus, the NTA‐related teleconnection is enhanced.