bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Supervised Early Resistance Training versus standard care on cognitive recovery following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy (The SEcReT study): Protocol for a randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Pengelly Jacqueline Marie Stacey , Royse Alistair , Bryant Adam , Williams Gavin , Tivendale Lynda , Dettmann Tim , Canty David , Royse Colin , El-Ansary Doa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment is considered a precursor to dementia and significantly impacts upon quality of life. The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment is higher in the post-surgical cardiac population than the general population, with older age and co-morbidities further increasing the risk of cognitive decline. This significantly impacts upon quality of life. Exercise improves neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and inflammatory and neurotrophic factor pathways, which may help to augment the effects of cognitive decline. However, the effects of resistance training on cognitive, functional and overall patient-reported recovery have not been investigated in the surgical cardiac population. This study aims to determine the safety and feasibility of early moderate intensity resistance training in people undergoing cardiac surgery via a median sternotomy, compared to standard care. The effect of this exercise program on cognitive and functional recovery will also be examined.

Methods: This study will be a prospective, pragmatic, pilot randomised controlled trial comparing a standard care group (low-intensity aerobic exercise) and a moderate-intensity resistance training group. Participants aged 18 years and older with coronary artery and/or valve disease requiring surgical intervention will be recruited pre-operatively and randomised 1:1 to either the resistance training or standard care group post-operatively. Feasibility and safety will be assessed through recruitment and retention rates; exercise program adherence; dropout rate; exercise and session stoppages due to pain, any adverse event or incident; and, any major adverse cardiac and cerebral events. Secondary measures include cognitive function, muscular strength, physical function, multiple-domain recovery, balance and patient satisfaction. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-operatively) and post-operatively at 2 weeks, 8 weeks, 14 weeks and 6 months.

Discussion: The results of this study will inform the safety and feasibility of early intervention resistance training for patients following cardiac surgery. In addition, this study will provide insights into the effect of resistance training on postoperative cognitive recovery to inform rehabilitation guidelines.

Trial registration: This trial was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ID: ACTRN12617001430325p. Registered on 9 October 2017. Universal Trial Number (UTN):U1111-1203-2131.

Keywords: Median sternotomy, resistance training, cognition, cardiac surgery, recovery, rehabilitation, exercise
Economic Thresholds of Wheat Streak Mosaic in the Texas High Plains
Authors: Mulenga Brian P. , Brorsen B. Wade , Epplin Francis M. , Workneh Fekede , Rush Charles M. 
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas
Expected wheat yield declines exponentially with increasing wheat streak mosaic severity.
For reflectance readings taken on 27 April, 4 May, and 10 May, economic threshold reflectance values are 8.3, 9.5, and 9.4, respectively.
At the threshold infection severity expected grain yield is approximately 1910 kg ha−1.
Wheat growers could potentially save resources by discontinuing input applications and introduce cattle for grazing.
Wheat streak mosaic (WSM), caused by Wheat streak mosaic virus, is the most widespread and economically important virus disease affecting winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Great Plains of the United States. Using reflectance data from a hand‐held hyperspectral radiometer and yields from a field experiment, this study estimated economic thresholds of WSM beyond which it is uneconomical to continue with mid‐season input applications. Disease severity assessments based on reflectance measurements were taken from 99 plots across the field at three time points, namely 27 April, 4 May, and 10 May in the 2015–2016 wheat season. A log‐linear regression model of yield on reflectance indicates potential yield losses of up to 35% for every unit increase in infection severity (as measured by reflectance readings). Using regression and partial budget analysis, results show varying thresholds of WSM depending on the date of disease severity assessments. The 27 April assessment had the lowest threshold when compared with the other assessment dates. Threshold analysis indicates potential to save resources by discontinuing mid‐season input applications and introducing cattle for grazing, in about 14% of the sampled plots, but only 1% if grazing was not possible.
Compost Amended with N Enhances Maize Productivity and Soil Properties in Semi‐Arid Agriculture
Authors: Iqbal Shahid , Arif Muhammad Saleem , Khan Haroon Zaman , Yasmeen Tahira , Thierfelder Christian , Li Tang , Khan Sehroon , Nadir Sadia , Xu Jianchu 
Published: August 2019

Declining soil fertility and crop yields are common in arid and semi–arid areas. Sustainable technologies that halt or reverse this trend are required to ensure food security. The use of compost for soil amendment should build soil resilience to drought. However, manure (which is a raw material in compost production) is used as a fuel in many semiarid regions of the world. To encourage farmers to change from using manure or composts as fuel to adopting them as soil additives, it will be necessary to demonstrate the production benefits associated with such additives. A 2‐yr field experiment was conducted in a semi‐arid (steppe) desert environment in Pakistan on sandy‐loamy soils. Poultry manure compost (PMC), pressmud compost (PrMC), and urea (U) were compared in a maize–maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system. The PMC and PrMC application increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and N as well as the soil's moisture content, but decreased the soil electrical conductivity (ECe) and pH after 2 yr. Replacing 25% of the U with PMC increased the mineral N and mean crop growth rate by 46%, the net assimilation rate by 30% and the yield by 219%, compared to the control. These results were comparable to applications of U alone and PMC with urea in a 25:75 application ratio. These results demonstrate that in semiarid regions, adding manure or compost as a soil additive improves the soil's yield potential.Core Ideas

Less/no burning qualities manure can solve the conflict in using manure for energy.
Compost can reverse soil fertility and maize yield decline in semiarid areas.
Compost with urea at 25:75 can reduce 25% use of harmful mineral fertilizer.
Relationship of Drone‐Based Vegetation Indices with Corn and Sugarbeet Yields
Authors: Olson Dan , Chatterjee Amitava , Franzen Dave W. , Day Stephanie S. 
Published: August 2019

Successful adoption of drone‐based remote sensing depends on changes in sensitivity over vegetation indices (VIs) and growth stage(s). During 2017–2018, experiments were conducted to relate between vegetation indices and corn (Zea mays L.) and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yields in western Minnesota. Aerial images were collected using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a passive light optical sensor (Micasense RedEdge). Using Pix4D software, spectral reflectance data were derived from flights at V6 and VT growth stages of corn, and V10 and V15 growth stages of sugarbeet in 2017. In 2018, images were collected every week from the V4 to R2 growth stages in corn, and from the V4 to V15 stages in sugarbeet. In addition to red normalized vegetation index (RNDVI) and red edge normalized vegetation index (RENDVI), crop height was determined from UAV based digital terrain and digital surface models. Yield prediction (YP) model was derived from the linear regression between crop yield and vegetation indices. For corn‐YP model, R2 value increased over the growing period and optimized at the R1 growth stage. Considering 3 site‐years, RENDVI was the best predictor for corn YP than other VIs based on the maximum R2 value. For sugarbeet YP, model R2 value declined over the growing season and optimized at V7 or V10 growth stages. Considering 4 site‐years, RNDVI was best related to root yield and recoverable sugar yield. Drone‐based remote sensing can be successfully used for corn and sugarbeet YP. Drone‐based remote sensing has potential in corn and sugarbeet YP, but it varied over growing seasons.Core Ideas

Drone‐based passive optical sensor can be used to predict crop’s yield.
Red‐ and red edge‐normalized vegetation index and crop height are potential indices.
Red edge normalized vegetation index best correlated with corn yield.
Red normalized vegetation index best correlated with root yield prediction.
Over growing season predictability improved for corn but declined for sugarbeet.
Predictive models for wastewater flow forecasting based on time series analysis and artificial neural network
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Li Zhong , Snowling Spencer , Siam Ahmad , El-Dakhakhni Wael 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Wastewater flow forecasting is key for proper management of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, to predict the amount of incoming wastewater in WWTPs, wastewater engineers face challenges arising from numerous complexities and uncertainties, such as the nonlinear precipitation-runoff relationships in combined sewer systems, unpredictability due to aging infrastructure, and frequently inconsistent data quality. To address such challenges, a time series analysis model (i.e., the autoregressive integrated moving average, ARIMA) and an artificial neural network model (i.e., the multilayer perceptron neural network, MLPNN) were developed for predicting wastewater inflow. A case study of the Barrie Wastewater Treatment Facility in Barrie, Canada, was carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed models. Fifteen-minute flow data over a period of 1 year were collected, and the resampled daily flow data were used to train and validate the developed models. The model performances were examined using root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, coefficient of determination, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency. The results indicate that both models provided reliable forecasts, while ARIMA showed a slightly better performance than MLPNN in this case study. The proposed models can provide useful decision support for the optimization and management of WWTPs.
Hyaluronic Acid Modified Risedronate and Teriparatide Co-loaded Nanocarriers for Improved Osteogenic Differentiation of Osteoblasts for the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Authors: Abourehab Mohammed A.S. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Owing to its multifactorial intricate pathogenesis, combined therapeutic regimen is considered
appropriate for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, a multi-drug regimen is also associated with
adverse effects due to the non-specific distribution of drugs. Therefore, the present study aims for efficient codelivery
of risedronate (RDN) (a potent bone anti-resorptive drug) and teriparatide (TPD) (anabolic agent) as
hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified chitosan nanoparticles (NPs).

Methods:
RDN/TPD NPs were synthesized using the high- pressure homogenization – solvent evaporation technique.
The fabricated NPs were then characterized and optimized for suitable physicochemical characteristics.
The optimized NPs were then evaluated for bone remodeling potential via assessment of time-mannered modulation
in proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts.

Results:
Results showed that HA-RDN/TPD NPs exhibited excellent physicochemical characteristics (nanoscopic
size, stable zeta potential, high entrapment efficiency, and smooth spherical shape) and remained stable upon
storage in the refrigerator. Assessment of various aspects of the cell growth cycle (i.e., proliferation, differentiation,
and mineralization) evidenced promising bone regeneration efficacy of HA-RDN/TPD NPs.

Conclusion:
This new strategy of employing simultaneous delivery of anti-resorptive and bone-forming agents
would open new horizons for scientists, researchers, and healthcare providers as an efficient pharmacotherapy for
the treatment of osteoporosis.
Evaluation of the Effect of Nanoparticles Zinc Oxide/Camellia sinensis Complex on the Kidney of Rats Treated with Monosodium Glutamate: Antioxidant and Histological Approaches
Authors: El-Shenawy Nahla S. , Hamza Reham Z. , Al-Salmi Fawziah A. , Al-Eisa Rasha A. 
Published: August 2019

Background:Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are robustly used biomedicine. Moreover, no study has been conducted to explore the consequence of green synthesis of ZnO NPs with Camellia sinensis (green tea extract, GTE) on kidneys of rats treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG).Methods:Therefore, the objective of the research was designed to explore the possible defensive effect of GTE/ZnO NPs against MSG-induced renal stress investigated at redox and histopathological points.Results:The levels of urea and creatinine increased as the effect of a high dose of MSG, in addition, the myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase activates were elevated significantly with the high dose of MSG. The levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid, glutathione, and thiol) were decreased sharply in MSG-treated rats as compared to the normal group.Conclusion:The data displayed that GTE/ZnO NPs reduced the effects of MSG significantly by reduction of the level peroxidation and enhancement intracellular antioxidant. These biochemical findings were supported by histopathology evaluation, which showed minor morphological changes in the kidneys of rats.
Antibacterial and Potential Antidiabetic Activities of Flavone C-glycosides Isolated from Beta vulgaris Subspecies cicla L. var. Flavescens (Amaranthaceae) Cultivated in Egypt
Authors: Mohammed Hala S. , Abdel-Aziz Marwa M. , Abu-Baker Marwa S. , Saad Amal M. , Mohamed Mona A. , Ghareeb Mosad A. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Diabetes mellitus is the most common disease in Egypt. In this context, Beta
vulgaris subspecies cicla L. var. flavescens is an edible plant that has been used in traditional medicine
as a therapy for treating some diseases.

Objective:
The current study was performed to evaluate the antibacterial and potential anti-diabetic
activities of different extracts and isolated flavone C-glycoside compounds isolated from Beta vulgaris
subspecies cicla L. var. flavescens leaves.

Methods:
Phytochemical investigation of n-butanol extract led to the isolation of five phytoconstituents.
Their structures were determined by spectroscopic tools, including 1D-NMR (1H- & 13C-NMR)
and 2D-NMR (HMQC & HMBC) besides the comparison of the data with the literature. The extracts
and phytoconstituents were evaluated in vitro for their activity against some bacterial pathogens, which
represent prominent human pathogens, particularly in hospital settings. The antibacterial activity was
examined against three Gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis
& Enterococcus faecalis) and five Gram-negative ones (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus
vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis & Salmonella typhimurium) relative to Ciprofloxacin
as a reference drug. Furthermore, the in vitro antidiabetic activity (Type II) was evaluated using the
alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assay.

Results:
Five flavone C-glycosides namely; Apigenin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (vitexin) (1), 2''-Oxylopyranosylvitexin
(2), acacetin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), acacetin 8-C-α-L-rhamnoside (4), and
6,8-di-C-β-D-glucopyranosylapigenin (vecinin-II) (5) were isolated from n-butanol extract of B. vulgaris
subspecies cicla L. var. flavescens. Compound 1 showed a promising antibacterial activity
against most of the test bacterial strains with respect to the minimum inhibitory concentration values
(MIC) ranged from 1.95 to 15.63 µg ml-1. On the other hand, compounds 1 and 3 demonstrated superior
antidiabetic activities with IC50 values of 35.7 and 42.64 µg ml-1, respectively, while an inferior potential
antidiabetic activity was recorded for compound 4 (IC50 = 145.5 µg ml-1) in comparison with
Acarbose as a reference drug.

Conclusion:
B. vulgaris L. is an edible plant, which could be used as a natural source of antibiotic and
hypoglycemic drugs.
Advances in the Discovery of PDE10A Inhibitors for CNS-Related Disorders. Part 2: Focus on Schizophrenia
Authors: Świerczek Artur , Jankowska Agnieszka , Chłoń-Rzepa Grażyna , Pawłowski Maciej , Wyska Elżbieta 
Published: August 2019

:Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder with relatively high prevalence (~1%), during which positive manifestations (such as psychotic states) and negative symptoms (e.g., a withdrawal from social life) occur. Moreover, some researchers consider cognitive impairment as a distinct domain of schizophrenia symptoms.:The imbalance in dopamine activity, namely an excessive release of this neurotransmitter in the striatum and insufficient amounts in the prefrontal cortex is believed to be partially responsible for the occurrence of these groups of manifestations. Second-generation antipsychotics are currently the standard treatment of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, the existent treatment is sometimes ineffective and burdened with severe adverse effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms. Thus, there is an urgent need to search for alternative treatment options of this disease.:This review summarizes the results of recent preclinical and clinical studies on phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), which is highly expressed in the mammalian striatum, as a potential drug target for the treatment of schizophrenia. Based on the literature data, not only selective PDE10A inhibitors but also dual PDE2A/10A, and PDE4B/10A inhibitors, as well as multifunctional ligands with a PDE10A inhibitory potency are compounds that may combine antipsychotic, precognitive, and antidepressant functions. Thus, designing such compounds may constitute a new direction of research for new potential medications for schizophrenia. Despite failures of previous clinical trials of selective PDE10A inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia, new compounds with this mechanism of action are currently investigated clinically, thus, the search for new inhibitors of PDE10A, both selective and multitarget, is still warranted.
Mild Parkinsonian Signs in a Hospital-based Cohort of Mild Cognitive Impairment Types: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Camarda Cecilia , Torelli Paola , Pipia Carmela , Battaglini Iacopo , Azzarello Delia , Rosano Rosamaria , Ventimiglia Caterina Claudia , Sottile Gianluca , Cilluffo Giovanna , Camarda Rosolino 
Published: August 2019

Background:Mild Parkinsonian Signs (MPS) have been associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) types with conflicting results.Objective:To investigate the association of individual MPS with different MCI types using logistic ridge regression analysis, and to evaluate for each MCI type, the association of MPS with caudate atrophy, global cerebral atrophy, and the topographical location of White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH), and lacunes.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed among 1,168 subjects with different types of MCI aged 45-97 (70,52 ± 9,41) years, who underwent brain MRI. WMH were assessed through two visual rating scales. The number and location of lacunes were also rated. Atrophy of the caudate nuclei and global cerebral atrophy were assessed through the bicaudate ratio, and the lateral ventricles to brain ratio, respectively. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes were also assessed. Using the items of the motor section of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and gait/balance/axial dysfunction were evaluated.Results:Bradykinesia, and gait/balance/axial dysfunction were the MPS more frequently encountered followed by rigidity, and tremor. MPS were present in both amnestic and non-amnestic MCI types, and were associated with WMH, lacunes, bicaudate ratio, and lateral ventricles to brain ratio.Conclusion:MPS are present in both amnestic and non-amnestic MCI types, particularly in those multiple domain, and carrying the APOE ε4 allele. Cortical and subcortical vascular and atrophic processes contribute to MPS. Long prospective studies are needed to disentangle the contribution of MPS to the conversion from MCI to dementia.
Association of Arterial Hypertension with Hepatobiliary Pathology: The Occurrence of Comorbidity and Features of Metabolic Processes
Authors: Viktorovna Sevostyanova E. , Alekseevich Nikolaev Y. , Yakovlevich Polyakov V. , Michailovich Mitrofanov I. 
Published: August 2019

:
Comorbidity of hypertension and hepatobiliary pathology has negative medical and
social consequences, including an increase in the indicators of hospital admissions, disability and
mortality.

Objective:
The aim was to study the occurrence of hypertension combined with hepatobiliary
diseases depending on social status, gender and age in 2003-2017 and their influence on indicators
of metabolic processes in patients with a therapeutic profile.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study using the inpatients’ medical record database of the clinic of
Federal Research Centre for Basic and Translational Medicine (Novosibirsk, Russia), which
collects demographics, diagnoses (using ICD-10 codes), procedures and examinations of all
inpatients from 2003-2017 was conducted. The incidence of comorbidity of hypertension and
hepatobiliary pathology depending on age, gender and social status, based on the analysis of 13496
medical records was examined. A comparative analysis of biochemical parameters characterizing the
main types of metabolism (lipid, protein, carbohydrate and purine) was carried out in 3 groups of
patients: with hypertension; with hepatobiliary pathology, and with a combined pathology.

Results:
During the years 2003-2005, there was the greatest frequency of this comorbidity in workers,
in women, in the age group 60 years and older. In 2009-2017, the highest incidence was observed
in the male administrative staff. In patients with this comorbidity, more pronounced changes
in carbohydrate, protein, lipid and purine metabolism were found in comparison with groups of
patients with isolated diseases.

Conclusion:
The results highlight the need to improve the system of prevention and treatment of
comorbidity taking into account sex, age, occupation and features of metabolism.