bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Artificially Designed Antibacterial Active Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Guo Ying , Farhan Muhammad Haris Raza , Gan Fei , Yang Xiaohan , Li Yuxin , Huang Lingli , Wang Xu , Cheng Guyue 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAntibacterial resistance has emerged as a significant global concern, necessitating the urgent development of new antibacterial drugs. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring peptides found in various organisms. Coupled with a wide range of antibacterial activity, AMPs are less likely to develop drug resistance and can act as potential agents for treating bacterial infections. However, their characteristics, such as low activity, instability, and toxicity, hinder their clinical application. Consequently, researchers are inclined towards artificial design and optimization based on natural AMPs. This review discusses the research advancements in the field of artificial designing and optimization of various AMPs. Moreover, it highlights various strategies for designing such peptides, aiming to provide valuable insights for developing novel AMPs.
Exploring the Relationship of Smartphone Addiction on Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity Symptoms, and Sleep Quality Among University Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Zeyrek Ibrahim , Tabara Muhammed Fatih , Çakan Mahmut 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe prevalence of smartphone usage is steadily rising, leading to the potential development of addiction due to problematic use. This study examined the relationship between smartphone addiction, self‐perceived attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms, and sleep quality among 443 university students at Bingöl University.MethodsParticipants completed several questionnaires, including the Smartphone Addiction Scale‐Short Version, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale.ResultsThis study examined 443 participants, with a mean age of 20.97 ± 3.29, of whom 72.7% (n = 322) were female. Results showed that the majority of participants primarily used smartphones (94.8%, n = 420) for social media browsing (49.9%, n = 221). Factors such as smoking, preference for smartphone screens, and prolonged screen exposure significantly affected sleep quality. Smartphone addiction rates were notable, with 50.4% (n = 61) of males and 47.2% (n = 152) of females being affected; this addiction was associated with poorer sleep quality. Correlations were found between age, sleep duration, and scores on smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and attention deficit scales. Linear regression analysis revealed that age, attention deficit scores, and sleep quality scores significantly influenced levels of smartphone addiction.ConclusionsThese findings contribute valuable insights into the impact of smartphone addiction on attention and sleep in university students.
Nucleic Acid Covalent Tags
Authors: Su Min , Peng Tao , Zhu Yingdi , Li Juan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe selective and site‐specific chemical labeling of proteins has emerged as a pivotal research area in chemical biology and cell biology. An effective protein labeling typically meets several criteria, including high specificity, rapid and robust conjugation under physiological conditions, operation at low concentrations with biocompatibility, and minimal perturbation of the protein function and activity. The conjugation of nucleic acids with proteins has garnered significant attention recently due to the rapid advancements in nucleic acid probe technologies, leveraging the programmable nature of nucleic acids alongside the multifaceted functionalities of proteins. It helps to convert protein‐specific information into nucleic acid signals, facilitating upstream versatile recognition and downstream signal amplification for the target protein. This review critically evaluates the recent progress in nucleic acid‐based protein labeling methodologies, with a specific focus on covalent labeling using aptamer tags, protein fusion tags or the technique of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. The tags establish covalent linkages with target proteins through various modalities such as small molecules or metabolic glycan engineering. The insights presented in the review highlight promising avenues for the development of highly specific and versatile protein labeling techniques, which is essential for the improvement of protein‐targeted detection and imaging across diverse biological contexts.
A Case of Bilateral Lower Limb Ischemia Due to Endograft Collapse From Type B Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Hiranuma Wakiko , Minagawa Tadanori , Shimizu Takuya , Kawamoto Shunsuke 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEndograft collapse caused by aortic dissection is rare, but it might cause critical complications and sometimes lead to death. We present a case of bilateral lower limb ischemia caused by endograft collapse due to type B acute aortic dissection (TBAD). A 70‐year‐old man with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) that was treated by endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) 17 days prior returned to our hospital due to chest pain and bilateral lower limb paleness. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed an aortic dissection extending from the origin of the left subclavian artery to the terminal aorta. The main body of the endograft was compressed and the aneurysm was perfused by the false lumen. Additionally, the right leg of the endograft was occluded and the left one was collapsed. The patient was treated with axillo‐bifemoral bypass without any lower limb sequela. However, contrast‐enhanced CT performed at 2 months after the onset of the TBAD showed that the main body of the endograft was still collapsed, and the aneurysm was perfused by the false lumen of the dissection; thus, open AAA repair was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged without any complications. We successfully treated the patient with bilateral lower limb ischemia caused by endograft collapse due to TBAD after EVAR. The treatment should be considered on a case‐by‐case basis and an extra‐anatomical revascularization is one of the good treatment options.
Broadening the Catalytic Scope of the Peroxygenase Activity of a Bacterial Tyrosine Hydroxylase
Authors: Carraretto Davide , Alonso‐Cotchico Lur , Martin Caterina , Trajković Miloš , van Beek Hugo L. , Mattevi Andrea , Fraaije Marco W. , Lucas Maria Fatima , Lončar Nikola 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFungal unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs, EC 1.11.2.1) are known for their unique biocatalytic properties and have been extensively studied since their discovery more than two decades ago. UPOs have found a wide range of applications in various fields, such as bioremediation, drug metabolism, and synthetic organic chemistry. Nonetheless, the production of UPOs seems limited to fungal expression systems which makes enzyme engineering challenging. It would be attractive to have a peroxygenase available that is easily expressed in a bacterial host. Here, we report on the expression and engineering of a bacterial peroxygenase, tyrosine hydroxylase (TyrH, EC 1.11.2.6). With only two rounds of computer‐aided engineering, we have identified distal and active‐site mutations that improve enzymatic activities and substrate scope, respectively. The combination of these mutations in a single variant led to an effective peroxygenase, capable of indigo production and enantioselective sulfoxidation and which can be overexpressed in Escherichia coli.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Using Li4Ti5O12/TiO2 Nanocomposite‐Modified Graphite Felt Electrodes
Authors: Huang Zih‐Jhong , Manaye Kabtamu Daniel , Mebreku Demeku Aknachew , Chen Guan‐Cheng , Hsu Ning‐Yih , Ku Hung‐Hsien , Wang Yao‐Ming , Chiang Tai‐Chin , Wang Chen‐Hao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and TiO2 nanocomposites uniformly were synthesized on the heat‐treated graphite felt through (HGF) hydrothermal and heat treatment methods, denoted by LTO/TiO2@HGF, which LTO/TiO2@HGF acts as effective electrocatalysts to enhance the electrochemical activity in vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) systems. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the LTO/TiO2@HGF show higher peak current densities and smaller peak separation than TiO2@HGF, HGF, and pristine graphite felt (PGF) for catalyzing V2+/V3+ and VO₂+/VO2+, indicating superior electrochemical activity of LTO/TiO2@HGF. The VRFB using LTO/TiO2@HGF as the positive and negative electrodes demonstrates an energy efficiency of 82.89 % at 80 mA cm−2. When the VRFB using LTO/TiO2@HGF is applied by a high current density of 200 mA cm−2, it still shows an energy efficiency of 62.22 %. However, the VRFB using PGF cannot perform any performance, and the VRFB using HGF only performs 51.94 %. This improvement can be attributed to the uniform distribution of LTO/TiO2 nanowires on the surface of the graphite felt and the presence of oxygen vacancies on LTO/TiO2, which increased the number of active sites for vanadium ion absorption.
Quadruple Stimuli‐Responsive Behaviour of Acylhydrazone Crystals: Mechanical, Photomechanical, Thermomechanical, and Optical Waveguide Properties
Authors: Zhang Yaru , Ye Yang , Sun Ying , Wang Yuanhang , Du Haowen , Hao Hongxun , Xie Chuang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs society advances, the demand for high‐performance crystal materials with versatile stimuli‐responsive capabilities has increased. However, there remains a notable shortage of simple molecular crystals that exhibit stable and swift responses to various stimuli. In this study, we synthesized a novel acylhydrazone crystal by integrating benzene‐fused heterocycles and halogens, achieving a crystal material with multiple stimuli‐responsive behaviours. The crystal demonstrates good mechanical flexibility, capable of with standing a strain of 2.3 % under applying mechanical force and recovering its original shape after force removal. Crystal structure analysis reveals this property is due to the strong and flexible intermolecular interactions. It also exhibits rapid photomechanical bending away from light source under UV irradiation, which could be attributed to the facile photoisomerization. Moreover, the crystal undergoes significant thermomechanical transitions, including cracking and jumping, upon heating. Additionally, the prepared crystal exhibits passive optical waveguide of red light at 640 nm, which, combining the photomechanical bending, can achieve controllable light output direction. These multi‐stimuli‐responsive behaviors make the acylhydrazone crystal a promising candidate for applications in multifunctional sensors, optoelectronic devices, and thermal switches. This work provides a helpful reference for the study of potential crystal material design and functionality of advanced responsive systems.
Synthesis of Polysubstituted Vinyl Sulfones by Direct C−S Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Huang Tian‐Sih , Chen Chun‐Lin , Tsai Ming‐Hsuan , Chen Yu‐Chi , Hsu Che‐Sheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVinyl sulfones are valued for their unique chemical properties and bioactivity, but creating a wide range of different analogs remains a challenge. To address this limitation, we have developed a novel approach that facilitates the synthesis of polysubstituted vinyl sulfones. This method utilizes the dual functionality of NIS as a promoter that enables sulfonation and elimination in the synthesis of vinyl sulfones. We used the broad applicability, efficiency, selectivity, and functional group tolerance of this approach to synthesize more than 70 examples. Additionally, competition experiments have provided insights into the reactivity and selectivity of the transient sulfonyl radical towards various C−C multiple bonds. Herein, we describe using this mild protocol in the late‐stage vinyl sulfonation of complex molecules to simplify the synthesis of specific targets and enable the modification of complex natural products and advanced materials.
Radical Functionalization of 1,6‐Diene via Transannular Cyano Migration: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Cyclopentanes†
Authors: Wang Ziqiang , Chen Yasu , Zhu Chen 
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive SummaryAn efficient transannular cyano migration is reported for gem‐dicyano‐1,6‐diene, which is triggered by the addition of external arylsulfonyl radicals. The overall transformation proceeds through a sequence of intramolecular 5‐exo‐trig cyclization, suprafacial 1,4‐cyano migration, and the capture by H or D atom, leading to the production of valuable polysubstituted cyclopentanes under mild photoredox catalytic conditions. The reaction is adapted to a wide range of sodium (hetero)arylsulfinates, demonstrating good functional group compatibility. This method provides a new protocol for radical‐mediated functional group migration.
A TEMPO−N3 Complex Enables the Electrochemical C−H Azidation of N−Heterocycles through the Cleavage of Alkoxyamines
Authors: Biswas Sumit , Ghosh Subhadeep , Das Indrajit 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA TEMPO−N3 charge‐transfer complex enables the electrochemical C−H azidation of various N−heterocycles. The TEMPO+ ion, generated from TEMPO, assists in producing N3⋅ by forming a TEMPO−N3 complex with N3−. The formation of this complex is supported by UV−vis absorption spectra, cyclic voltammetry studies, and ESI−HRMS studies. The reaction likely proceeds by forming a highly labile azidooxygenation adduct, which undergoes oxidative alkoxyamine mesolytic cleavage. Subsequent deprotonation of the resulting carbocation exclusively produces the azidation product. It is important to note that substituted olefins generally yield azidooxygenation or diazidation as the final product. Our study demonstrates that N‐heterocycles deliver a selective monoazidation product, possibly due to steric reasons. ESI−HRMS studies provide evidence for forming azidooxygenation and alkoxyamine radical cation adducts. The regio‐ and chemoselectivity of this azidation reaction using the TEMPO−N3 complex have been discussed.
Performance of Heterogeneous Multiuser Underwater Acoustic‐Terrestrial RF Network With Outdated CSI and Receiver Diversity
Authors: Bhatnagar Romya , Garg Parul 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an outdated channel state information‐based heterogeneous wireless communication system is analyzed, which involves an underwater multiuser acoustic sensor network, decode‐and‐forward relay, and terrestrial radio frequency destination with multiple antennas. The outdated channel state information is an utmost parameter to deal with practical conditions of underwater environment as well as of the terrestrial environment. Due to this fact, each channel is constrained to this factor in our investigation. The underwater acoustic network takes advantage of multiuser diversity based on generalized selection user scheduling, where the best user is chosen out of several active acoustic sources to continue transmitting data via relay to the destination. To boost system performance, the destination makes the use of the maximal ratio combining strategy. Moreover, each channel follows Rayleigh fading model. The closed form expressions of outage probability and average bit error rate are obtained along with their asymptotic results under the practical scenarios. The ergodic capacity and its upper bound expressions are also derived. Further, analytical results are verified with Monte‐Carlo simulation.
Survey among experts on the future role of tau‐PET in clinical practice and trials
Authors: Vermeiren Marie R. , Calandri Ismael L. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , van de Giessen Elsmarieke , Ossenkoppele Rik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent advancements in Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker research and clinical trials prompt reflection on the value and consequently appropriate use of tau positron emission tomography (tau‐PET) in the future.METHODSWe conducted an online survey among dementia and PET experts worldwide to investigate the anticipated future role of tau‐PET in clinical practice and trials.RESULTSTwo hundred sixty‐eight dementia experts, comprising 143 clinicians and 121 researchers, covering six continents participated. The vast majority (90%) fostered a positive attitude toward the added value of tau‐PET in clinical practice, particularly for staging, diagnosing, monitoring, and prognostication in a cognitively impaired memory clinic population. Experts anticipated an important role for tau‐PET for participant selection (76%–100%) and measuring endpoints (75%–97%), in both anti‐amyloid and anti‐tau drug trials.DISCUSSIONOur global survey study shows that dementia experts envision an important role for tau‐PET in the future, both in clinical practice and in drug trials, beyond current guidelines and practices.Highlights
Dementia experts envision an important role for tau‐PET in the future.
Experts indicate that a tau‐PET scan could influence patient management.
Experts anticipate the utility of tau‐PET for participant selection and endpoints in drug trials.
There is a gap between the anticipated usefulness of tau‐PET and current clinical practices.
New Dichalcogenides Induce Oxidative Stress and Cell Death of Leishmania amazonensis
Authors: Valente Andressa Dalólio , de Farias Rian Richard Santos , Zugman Tay Takeshita Botogoske , Piovan Leandro , Nakamura Celso Vataru , Garcia Francielle Pelegrin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLeishmaniasis are caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and affect millions of people worldwide. They are considered neglected diseases that primarily impact individuals in tropical and subtropical regions. The drugs currently available for treating this infection have limitations, such as high toxicity, adverse reactions, and a long therapeutic intervention period. Numerous studies, using various experimental models, have sought to develop more effective and less toxic chemotherapeutic agents against these protozoa. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the antileishmanial activity of two new dichalcogenides, LQ64 and LQ62, as well as their possible mechanism of action in promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Both substances, LQ64 and LQ62, exhibited activity against promastigote (IC50 = 2.35 and 12.59 µM, respectively), and amastigote forms (IC50 = 3.50 and 6.58 µM, respectively). Furthermore, the substances revealed selectivity for the parasite when analyzing their cytotoxicity in J774A‐1 macrophages. Moreover, electron microscopy analysis and mechanisms of action assays investigated in promastigote forms with both substances showed mitochondrial depolarization. This phenomenon possibly promoted changes in intracellular ATP levels, resulting in increased reactive species and lipid peroxidation, leading the parasites to oxidative stress. Additionally, the treatments induced changes in plasma membrane integrity, lipid body accumulation, alterations in the cell cycle, and phosphatidylserine externalization. Thus, the results indicate that LQ64 and LQ62 may induce characteristic changes in the protozoan suggestive of apoptosis cell death.
Microscopical Observation and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Effects of High‐Altitude Ecosystem in the Qualities of Different Genetic Varieties Brassica napus Resources
Authors: Zhang Zongji , Li Xionghua , Ming Ri , Lu Yingying , Lin Qinwen , Yang Yafei , Liao Jialin , Li Yunjuan , Mao Lingli , Huang Yang , Zhong Li , Liang Yu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTImproving the biomass and nutritional quality of Brassica napus is important for its breeding and resource conservation, but there are few studies on the effects of high altitude on its biomass and quality. In this study, 27 varieties of Brassica napus were cultivated both at 1600 m and 150 m altitudes to investigate the effect of different altitudes in the biomass and quality traits of B. napus. At high altitude, all B. napus varieties exhibited decreased picking period, reduced fresh and dry weights, diminished stem length and diameter, as well as lowered nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and kalium (K) contents. The soluble sugar and cellulose contents of some varieties decreased, while ascorbic acid and protein increased by 74% and 85%, respectively. Furthermore, histology microscopical observation showed cell size increased and cell density decreased in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) after bolting and at high altitude, compared to those cells before bolting and at low altitude. Transcriptome analysis showed that sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SUS), fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase (FBA1), and alpha‐galactosidase (AGAL2) genes were significantly up‐regulated during the after‐bolting period at different altitude. This study will be helpful to further understand the influence of high altitude ecosystem on biomass and quality for Brassica napus resource and evolution.
How often are ecosystems top‐down controlled? Experiments in grassland, grasshopper, and bird systems over time and space
Authors: Belovsky Gary E. , Slade Jennifer B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEcosystems are frequently considered to be controlled by predation (top‐down). Experiments examined this in four bird/spider/grasshopper/prairie habitats over 34 years, employing in each habitat three 100 m2 bird exclosures and controls (121 habitat/year cases) where plant, grasshopper, and spider abundances were measured. Top‐down control (plants decrease and grasshoppers increase with bird exclusion) was observed in only 13.2% of cases, while plants increased and grasshoppers decreased in 33.1% of cases, plants decreased and grasshoppers decreased in 25.6% of cases, and plants increased and grasshoppers increased in 28.1% of cases. Therefore, top‐down control was not common and system responses were not constant, but varied among sites, years, and directionally over time with climate change. This diversity of responses is expected given the variety of underlying processes in complex ecosystems. For example, decision tree/discriminant analysis found that plant decreases and increases with bird exclusion were correctly identified in 78.3% of cases by grasshopper hatchling abundance, plant cover, and annual net primary production (ANPP), while grasshopper decreases and increases with bird exclusion were correctly identified in 76.7% of cases by edible plant biomass per grasshopper hatchling, grasshopper hatchling abundance, and large grasshopper abundance. Analysis of other system‐wide terrestrial trophic experiments indicates that the variety of responses observed by us over time and space may be common so that system‐wide trophic responses may, in general, be more variable than either top‐down or bottom‐up as often considered.
Synthesis and Characterization of Well‐Defined s‐Block Bis(Carbene) Complexes
Authors: Bhandari Mamta , Yruegas Sam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough the chemistry of monodentate N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with s‐block metals has been investigated, the coordination chemistry of phenyl dicarbene (CCC=bis(diisopropylphenyl‐imidazol‐2‐ylidenemethyl)phenyl) complexes remains largely underexplored. We report the synthesis and characterization of the free phenyl dicarbene precursors (BrCCCDipp and BrCCCMes) and the ensuing reactivity with Grignard reagents (3,5‐(CF3)2‐Ph)MgBr and MeMgCl to afford the cyclic dimeric complexes, (BrCCCDippMg3,5‐(CF3)2PhBr)2, (BrCCCMesMg3,5‐(CF3)2PhBr)2, and (BrCCCDippMgMeCl)2. Further exploration of various routes to activate the central C−Br bond of the ligands with alkali metals resulted in isolation of the respective NHC adducts of LiN(SiMe3)2 and KN(SiMe3)2. Notably, these studies imply that flexibility of the pincer framework engenders dimeric complexes of s‐block precursors over the monomeric complexes. The identity of the complexes was ascertained using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography.