bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactivity of Selenocystine and Tellurocystine: Structure and Antioxidant Activity of the Derivatives
Authors: Satheeshkumar Kandhan , Raju Saravanan , Singh Harkesh B. , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstractl‐Selenocystine (5) and l‐tellurocystine (6) have been prepared and the reactivity of these amino acids, i.e., oxidation of 5 and 6, has been performed at various pH values. Hydrogen peroxide was used as an oxidant and it was treated with 5 and 6 in excess in acidic and basic media. Compound 5, upon oxidation, afforded SeIV and SeVI products. Selenocysteic acid [HO3SeCH2CH(NH2)COOH] 9, a novel SeVI compound, was isolated and characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. In contrast, l‐tellurocystine, upon oxidation with H2O2, afforded TeII and TeIV products. Zwitterionic organotellurolate(IV), [TeCl3CH2CH(NH3)COOH] 13, was isolated and characterised by NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Compound 13 crystallizes in an orthorhombic space group. l‐Tellurocystine, when reduced with NaBH4, produced the desired tellurolate intermediate, which was trapped with bromoacetic acid. Furthermore, l‐ and d‐tellurocysteine derivatives, [(RTeCH2CH(NH2)COOH) R=phenyl, substituted phenyl and naphthyl (24–39)] were synthesised and evaluated for their glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐like activities. The results show that l‐tellurocysteine derivatives have higher activity than their D‐tellurocysteine analogues. DFT calculations for l‐tellurocysteine derivatives provided information about the bond lengths and bond angles. This study reveals that the introduction of naphthyl substituents (35–38) leads to twisted conformation of the amino acid derivatives.
Sex‐related differences in left ventricular diastolic function and arterial elastance during admission in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: The PURSUIT HFpEF study
Authors: Hoshida Shiro , Watanabe Tetsuya , Shinoda Yukinori , Ikeoka Kuniyasu , Minamisaka Tomoko , Fukuoka Hidetada , Inui Hirooki , Ueno Keisuke , Suna Shinichiro , Nakatani Daisaku , Hikoso Shungo , Yamada Takahisa , Yasumura Yoshio , Fuji Hisakazu , Sakata Yasushi ,   on behalf of PURSUIT HFpEF Investigators
Published: September 2018

BackgroundWe previously reported that an index of afterload‐related left ventricular diastolic function, operant diastolic elastance (Ed)/effective arterial elastance (Ea) = E/e’/(0.9 × systolic blood pressure), was significantly higher in elderly hypertensive women. We aimed to determine sex‐related differences in the E/e’‐related indices for left ventricular diastolic function and their related factors during admission in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).HypothesisElderly HFpEF women exhibit severe left ventricular diastolic dysfunction associated with different left atrioventricular volume ratio.MethodsWe divided 267 patients with HFpEF (men/women, 116/151) into two groups by age (≥75 years, n = 212; <75 years, n = 55). We examined the alterations of E/e’, E/e’/stroke volume index = Ed, and Ed/Ea, and cardiac structure during admission.ResultsEd and Ea were significantly higher in women than in men, at admission, especially in patients ≥75 years. Before discharge, not only Ed and Ea but also Ed/Ea was significantly higher in women than in men, especially in patients ≥75 years. Elderly female patients had larger left atrial than left ventricular volume.ConclusionsHigher afterload‐related left ventricular diastolic elastance, Ed/Ea, in association with higher arterial elastance, Ea, accompanied by left atrioventricular volume mismatch was observed in elderly HFpEF women.
Experimental investigation of effect of tooth geometrical parameters to flow characteristics in slant labyrinth seals
Authors: Zhang Bo , Dou Yuanyuan , Hong Quan , Ji Honghu 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAn experiment investigation was made to study the influence of the geometry parameters of slant straight‐through labyrinth seals on sealing characteristics. 22 models with different geometry parameters were designed, and the geometry parameters studied include seal clearance, fin height, fin pitch, fin tip thickness, and fin number. The results showed that, when p0/pn ranged from 1.2 to 1.8, the discharge coefficient increased with the drop pressure ratio, seal clearance, and fin tip thickness and decreased with fin height, fin pitch, and fin number. The rank of sensitivity of each parameter's variation in the unit size on sealing characteristics is seal clearance, fin tip thickness, fin pitch, back angle, fin height, and front angle. The correlation of different parameters were summarized for the designing of advanced labyrinth seals.
Foraging investment in a long‐lived herbivore and vulnerability to coursing and stalking predators
Authors: Christianson David , Becker Matthew S. , Brennan Angela , Creel Scott , Dröge Egil , M'soka Jassiel , Mukula Teddy , Schuette Paul , Smit Daan , Watson Fred 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAllocating resources to growth and reproduction requires grazers to invest time in foraging, but foraging promotes dental senescence and constrains expression of proactive antipredator behaviors such as vigilance. We explored the relationship between carnivore prey selection and prey foraging effort using incisors collected from the kills of coursing and stalking carnivores. We predicted that prey investing less effort in foraging would be killed more frequently by coursers, predators that often exploit physical deficiencies. However, such prey could expect delayed dental senescence. We predicted that individuals investing more effort in foraging would be killed more frequently by stalkers, predators that often exploit behavioral vulnerabilities. Further these prey could expect earlier dental senescence. We tested these predictions by comparing variation in age‐corrected tooth wear, a proxy of cumulative foraging effort, in adult (3.4–11.9 years) wildebeest killed by coursing and stalking carnivores. Predator type was a strong predictor of age‐corrected tooth wear within each gender. We found greater foraging effort and earlier expected dental senescence, equivalent to 2.6 additional years of foraging, in female wildebeest killed by stalkers than in females killed by coursers. However, male wildebeest showed the opposite pattern with the equivalent of 2.4 years of additional tooth wear in males killed by coursers as compared to those killed by stalkers. Sex‐specific variation in the effects of foraging effort on vulnerability was unexpected and suggests that behavioral and physical aspects of vulnerability may not be subject to the same selective pressures across genders in multipredator landscapes.
FIGO postpartum intrauterine device initiative: Complication rates across six countries
Authors: Makins Anita , Taghinejadi Neda , Sethi Maya , Machiyama Kazuyo , Munganyizi Projestine , Odongo Elly , Divakar Hema , Fatima Parveen , Thapa Kusum , Perera Gamini , Arulkumaran Sabaratnam 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo record and analyze complication rates following postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) insertion in 48 hospitals in six countries: Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Tanzania, and Kenya.MethodsHealthcare providers were trained in counselling and insertion of PPIUD via a training‐the‐trainer model. Data were collected on methodology, timing, cadre of staff providing care, and number of insertions. Data on complications were collected at 6‐week follow‐up. Statistical analysis was performed to elucidate factors associated with increased expulsion and absence of threads.ResultsFrom May 2014 to September 2017, 36 766 PPIUDs were inserted: 53% vaginal and 47% at cesarean delivery; 74% were inserted by doctors. Follow‐up was attended by 52%. Expulsion and removal rates were 2.5% and 3.6%, respectively. Threads were not visible in 29%. Expulsion was less likely after cesarean insertion (aOR 0.33; 95% CI, 0.26–0.41), following vaginal insertion at between 10 minutes and 48 hours (aOR 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42–0.83), and when insertion was performed by a nurse (aOR 0.33; 95% CI, 0.22–0.50).ConclusionPPIUD has low complication rates and can be safely inserted by a variety of trained health staff. Given the immediate benefit of the one‐stop approach, governments should urgently consider adopting this model.
Successful implementation of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraception services in Edinburgh and framework for wider dissemination
Authors: Cooper Michelle , Cameron Sharon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProvision of immediate postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) insertion within maternity settings can overcome many of the barriers faced by women in accessing this method after childbirth. Uptake of PPIUD can help reduce the risk of a subsequent unintended pregnancy and improve spacing between births. PPIUD insertion is not yet routinely available in the UK and evidence to support the practical implementation of the service in this setting is lacking. Shared learning and experience of providers may assist in the wider availability of PPIUD. A routine PPIUD service has been successfully established within a public maternity setting in Edinburgh (UK) and this article utilizes an implementation framework to discuss the approach.
The Canadian Dementia Imaging Protocol: Harmonizing National Cohorts
Authors: Duchesne Simon , Chouinard Isabelle , Potvin Olivier , Fonov Vladimir S. , Khademi April , Bartha Robert , Bellec Pierre , Collins D. Louis , Descoteaux Maxime , Hoge Rick , McCreary Cheryl R. , Ramirez Joel , Scott Christopher J.M. , Smith Eric E. , Strother Stephen C. , Black Sandra E. ,   for the CIMA‐Q group and the CCNA group
Published: September 2018

BackgroundHarmonized protocols to collect imaging data must be devised, employed, and maintained in multicentric studies to reduce interscanner variability in subsequent analyses.PurposeTo present a standardized protocol for multicentric research on dementia linked to neurodegeneration in aging, harmonized on all three major vendor platforms. The protocol includes a common procedure for qualification, quality control, and quality assurance and feasibility in large‐scale studies.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsThe study involved a geometric phantom, a single individual volunteer, and 143 cognitively healthy, mild cognitively impaired, and Alzheimer's disease participants in a large‐scale, multicentric study.Field Strength/SequencesMRI was perform with 3T scanners (GE, Philips, Siemens) and included 3D T1w, PD/T2w,
, T2w‐FLAIR, diffusion, and BOLD resting state acquisitions.AssessmentMeasures included signal‐ and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (SNR and CNR, respectively), total brain volumes, and total scan time.Statistical TestsSNR, CNR, and scan time were compared between scanner vendors using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests, while brain volumes were tested using linear mixed models.ResultsGeometric phantom T1w SNR was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in Philips (mean: 71.4) than Siemens (29.5), while no significant difference was observed between vendors for T2w (32.0 and 37.2, respectively, P = 0.243). Single individual volunteer T1w CNR was higher in subcortical regions for Siemens (P < 0.001), while Philips had higher cortical CNR (P =  0.044). No significant difference in brain volumes was observed between vendors (P = 0.310/0.582/0.055). The average scan time was 41.0 minutes (SD: 2.8) and was not significantly different between sites (P = 0.071) and cognitive groups (P = 0.853).Data ConclusionThe harmonized Canadian Dementia Imaging Protocol suits the needs of studies that need to ensure quality MRI data acquisition for the measurement of brain changes across adulthood, due to aging, neurodegeneration, and other etiologies. A detailed description, exam cards, and operators' manual are freely available at the following site: www.cdip-pcid.ca.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:456–465.
Phosphorus fertilization reduces the severity of charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal protection in soybean
Authors: Spagnoletti Federico N. , Leiva Micaela , Chiocchio Viviana , Lavado Raul S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe effects of phosphorus (P) application on the relationship between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus intraradices and the pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot) affecting soybean (Glycine max L.) are unknown. We evaluated the effects of P on both the severity of the pathogen and the AMF protection against the charcoal rot in soybean. We conducted greenhouse experiments with a randomized multifactorial design with ten replications. The treatments were: two concentrations of P as superphosphate (0 and 50 kg of P ha−1), inoculated and non‐inoculated with the AMF R. intraradices, and infected and non‐infected with M. phaseolina. Soybean was seeded in pots containing 1 kg of sterilized substrate soil : sand : perlite (7 : 3 : 2). When soybean completed pod formation (R4 phenological stage), the plants were harvested. Plant parameters, mycorrhizal colonization, and disease severity were measured. The presence of M. phaseolina negatively affected soybean biomass, but AMF inoculation improved it. Phosphorus reduced AMF colonization but not arbuscules percentage. Moreover, both P and AMF inoculation had a negative effect on disease severity, although P also reduced mycorrhizal protection. These results suggest that phosphorus application could reduce disease severity, but can simultaneously partially reduce the AMF protection against the pathogen. These effects should be considered in agricultural integrated management practices of soybean.
Organic inclusions evidence, composition, and cathodoluminescence behaviour for the formation conditions of fluorapatite from Anemzi (Morocco)
Authors: Dumańska‐Słowik Magdalena , Wesełucha‐Birczyńska Aleksandra , Heflik Wiesław , Maksymiuk Weronika , Sikorska‐Jaworowska Magdalena 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFluorapatite from Anemzi alkaline syenite hosts a wealth of solid organic inclusions, mainly of aliphatic (2,935–2,845 cm−1) and aromatic hydrocarbon compositions (3,100–3,000 cm−1), as well as traces of bituminous matter showing a low degree of ordering. The tiny inclusions built from oxides of titanium (rutile and anatase) are the only mineral phases found in host crystals. The two‐phase, liquid–gas fluid inclusions are composed of aliphatic and aromatic functional groups, revealing bands in the region 1,600–1,200 cm−1. A slightly chemically varied composition and blue, homogenous cathodoluminescence colours, activated mainly by Ce3+, as well as a small volume of mineral inclusions in apatite, indicate that its crystallization, as influenced by hydrocarbon‐ and carbonaceous matter‐bearing fluids, proceeded under stable environmental conditions. It is probable that these fluids were migrated within the adjacent carbonate rocks found in the vicinity of alkaline syenites, which could be the source of organic components entrapped by apatite. A numerous assemblage of organic inclusions is diagnostic feature for gem quality green apatite from Anemzi.
Anticipating Dissolution Issues of Sugar‐Based Surfactants through a Decision Tree Approach
Authors: Gaudin Théophile , Fayet Guillaume , Rotureau Patricia , Pezron Isabelle 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSugar‐based surfactants are renewable alternatives to petroleum‐based surfactants in many applications such as detergents and cosmetics. However, their molecular structure often gives rise to relatively stable crystals, which can lead to difficulties in dissolving them in water. This phenomenon is characterized by the Krafft temperature (T
K), above which the surfactant solubility becomes high enough to induce self‐association into micelles. Small changes in the molecular structure can result in large T
K differences, which make rationalization and prediction of T
K challenging. Few models were proposed in the literature, but none of them are applicable to sugar‐based surfactants. In this article, we propose two decision tree models to estimate whether sugar‐based surfactants exhibit potential dissolution issues at room temperature (i.e., T
K above 25 °C or not). The first one, based on the descriptors of the whole molecule including quantum‐chemical ones, was able to correctly classify 86% of the surfactants in the validation set. The second one, built from simple structural counts of the polar headgroup and the alkyl chain, could predict the right class for 78% of the surfactants in the validation set. These classification models account for experimentally known trends between the molecular structure and T
K, such as the impact of the polar headgroup size, the alkyl chain length, and the presence of an amide linkage. To the end, our models were applied to a practical case to show how they can help in designing synthesis procedures of new surfactants.
The chemical profiling of fatty acids during the brewing process
Authors: Olšovská Jana , Vrzal Tomáš , Štěrba Karel , Slabý Martin , Kubizniaková Petra , Čejka Pavel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough fatty acids have a beneficial effect on yeast growth during fermentation, their effect on foam and sensory stability of beer is negative. In general, long‐chain fatty acids originate from raw materials, whereas short‐chain acids are produced by yeast during fermentation. If the concentration of short‐chain fatty acids, especially isovaleric and butyric acid, overreaches a sensory threshold, then an unpleasant aroma, such as cheesy or sweaty feet, can be formed in beer.RESULTSThe distribution of fatty acids, from the preparation of sweet wort to the final beer, was studied using chemometric evaluation. Differences were observed between the decoction and infusion system using four barley varieties. Attention was paid to the behavior of short‐chain fatty acids, namely isovaleric acid. The concentration of isovaleric acid in commercial beers brewed in infusion and decoction systems was approximately 1.4 and 1.0 mg L−1, respectively. The same trend was observed in experimental samples (1.3 and 0.5 mg L−1, respectively). This phenomenon was confirmed experimentally; based on the results, this possibly explains why, during the fermentation, isovaleric acid is coupled with the redox state of yeast cell, which is given by the wort composition (i.e. by the mashing process).CONCLUSIONThe formation of isovaleric acid is not only caused by microbiology infection or by oxidized hops, but also is influenced by the mashing process. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluating green tea quality based on multisensor data fusion combining hyperspectral imaging and olfactory visualization systems
Authors: Li Luqing , Xie Shimeng , Ning Jingming , Chen Quansheng , Zhang Zhengzhu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe instrumental evaluation of tea quality using digital sensors instead of human panel tests has attracted much attention globally. However, individual sensors do not meet the requirements of discriminant accuracy as a result of incomprehensive sensor information. Considering the major factors in the sensory evaluation of tea, the study integrated multisensor information, including spectral, image and olfaction feature information.RESULTSTo investigate spectral and image information obtained from hyperspectral spectrometers of different bands, principal components analysis was used for dimension reduction and different types of supervised learning algorithms (linear discriminant analysis, K‐nearest neighbour and support vector machine) were selected for comparison. Spectral feature information in the near infrared region and image feature information in the visible‐near infrared/near infrared region achieved greater accuracy for classification. The results indicated that a support vector machine outperformed other methods with respect to multisensor data fusion, which improved the accuracy of evaluating green tea quality compared to using individual sensor data. The overall accuracy of the calibration set increased from 75% using optimal single sensor information to 92% using multisensor information, and the overall accuracy of the prediction set increased from 78% to 92%.CONCLUSIONOverall, it can be concluded that multisensory data accurately identify six grades of tea. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Environmental risk resulting from historical land degradation in alluvial plains considered for dam planning
Authors: Breg Valjavec Mateja , Janža Mitja , Smrekar Aleš 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLand degradation of alluvial plains is an environmental risk for groundwater contamination, stemming from the mobilization of contaminants that can occur from waste‐filled gravel pits. This risk can be increased by river damming and consequential rises in groundwater levels. The presence and characteristics of former historical land degradation of alluvial plains should therefore be considered when planning hydroelectric projects. The aim of this study was to assess the hydrological and environmental impacts of the planned damming of the Sava River on the groundwater, which is the drinking water source for the Slovenian capital Ljubljana. It introduces an integrative approach for determining the characteristics of old waste‐filled gravel pits with stereo image processing of historical aerial photographs and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in combination with hydrological modelling. Thirty gravel pits in the study area (17 km2) were identified by stereo image analysis, and three were selected to test results in the field using non‐invasive ERT. Integrating this information with the results of hydrological modelling, we assessed the risk of groundwater contamination from the scenario of the planned damming of the River Sava. The results indicate that the thickness of the unsaturated zone below the identified gravel pits will be reduced by an average of 4 m at median groundwater level conditions during damming, which will increase the vulnerability of groundwater to contamination.
Using a health system learning community strategy to address cancer disparities
Authors: Myers Ronald E. , DiCarlo Melissa , Romney Martha , Fleisher Linda , Sifri Randa , Soleiman Joy , Lambert Emily , Rosenthal Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAccountable care organizations and health systems have the potential to increase patient engagement in medical care, improve population health outcomes, and reduce costs. Characteristics of highly integrated learning health care systems that seek to achieve these goals have been described in the literature. However, there have been few reports on how health systems, especially those that are loosely integrated, can develop the infrastructure needed to support achievement of these goals. In this report, we describe a learning community strategy that involved forming a coordinating team, a steering committee, and patient and stakeholder advisory committees to address cancer screening and disparities in 2 health systems in southeastern Pennsylvania—Jefferson Health and the Lehigh Valley Health Network. This project engaged diverse patients, health care providers, health system leaders, public and private payers, and other stakeholders in identifying and adapting evidence‐based methods to increase colorectal and lung cancer screening in primary care. Here, we describe components of a health system learning community. In addition, we describe activities in which different components of the learning community were engaged. Finally, we explore prospects for using this type of approach to catalyze the development of learning health care systems.