bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Morbidity and Recovery in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of a Six-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ward Leanne M , Ma Jinhui , Lang Bianca , Ho Josephine , Alos Nathalie , Matzinger Mary Ann , Shenouda Nazih , Lentle Brian , Jaremko Jacob L , Wilson Beverly , Stephure David , Stein Robert , Sbrocchi Anne Marie , Rodd Celia , Lewis Victor , Israels Sara , Grant Ronald M , Fernandez Conrad V , Dix David B , Cummings Elizabeth A , Couch Robert , Cairney Elizabeth , Barr Ronald , Abish Sharon , Atkinson Stephanie A , Hay John , Rauch Frank , Moher David , Siminoski Kerry , Halton Jacqueline ,   the Steroid-Associated Osteoporosis in the Pediatric Population (STOPP) Consortium
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Osteoporotic fractures are a significant cause of morbidity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our objective was to determine the incidence and predictors of fractures and recovery from osteoporosis in pediatric ALL over 6 years following glucocorticoid initiation. Vertebral fractures (VF) and vertebral body reshaping were assessed on annual spine radiographs, low-trauma non-VF were recorded at regular intervals and spine bone mineral density (BMD) was captured every 6 months for 4 years and then annually. A total of 186 children with ALL were enrolled (median age 5.3 years; range, 1.3 to 17.0 years). The cumulative fracture incidence was 32.5% for VF and 23.0% for non-VF; 39.0% of children with VF were asymptomatic. No fractures occurred in the sixth year and 71.3% of incident fractures occurred in the first 2 years. Baseline VF, cumulative glucocorticoid dose, and baseline lumbar spine (LS) BMD Z-score predicted both VF and non-VF. Vertebral body reshaping following VF was incomplete or absent in 22.7% of children. Those with residual vertebral deformity following VF were older compared to those without (median age 8.0 years at baseline [interquartile range {IQR}, 5.5 to 9.4] versus 4.8 years [IQR, 3.6 to 6.2], p = 0.04) and had more severe vertebral collapse (median maximum spinal deformity index 3.5 [IQR, 1.0 to 8.0] versus 0.5 [IQR, 0.0 to 1.0], p = 0.01). VF and low LS BMD Z-score at baseline as well as glucocorticoid exposure predicted incident VF and non-VF. Nearly 25% of children had persistent vertebral deformity following VF, more frequent in older children, and in those with more severe collapse. These results suggest the need for trials addressing interventions in the first 2 years of chemotherapy, targeting older children and children with more severe vertebral collapse, because these children are at greatest risk for incident VF and subsequent residual vertebral deformity. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An efficient production of a novel carbohydrate polymer Sphingan WL
Authors: Li Hui , Li Jing , Zhou Wanlong , Jiao Xue , Sun Yajie , Shen Yaling , Qian Jin , Wang Jiqian , Zhu Hu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe sphingan WL produced by Sphingomonas sp. WG has great application potential in the food, ink and other industries. To discover optimal culture conditions for WL production, a gradual optimization method including one‐factor design, Plackett‐Burman design and response surface methodology was employed. Furthermore, the possible reason for the enhancement in WL production was analysed by detecting the gene expression levels in WL biosynthesis using quantitative real‐time PCR.RESULTSThe results showed that the optimal conditions are as follows: seed age, 15–18 h; incubation time, 72 h; inoculum size, 5%; loading volume, 50 mL of medium in 250‐mL shaking flasks; shaking speed, 175 rpm; initial pH of medium, 7.0; and incubation temperature, 32.5°C. WL production was mainly dependent on the concentration of glucose and yeast extract. The statistically optimized culture medium consisted of 72.40 g L−1 glucose, 3.58 g L−1 yeast extract, 3.00 g L−1 K2HPO4, 0.10 g L−1 MgSO4, and 0.10 g L−1 ZnSO4. Interestingly, a high WL production of 39.95 g L−1, 2.37‐fold the initial production (16.82 g L−1), was obtained, which was due to the higher expression level of WL‐related enzymes under these optimized conditions.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides useful fundamental information for the development of an efficient process for large‐scale WL production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Time dependent loss of trabecular bone in human tibial plateau fractures
Authors: Solomon Lucian B. , Kitchen David , Anderson Paul H. , Yang Dongqing , Starczak Yolandi , Kogawa Masakazu , Perilli Egon , Smitham Peter J. , Rickman Mark S. , Thewlis Dominic , Atkins Gerald J. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWe investigated if time between injury and surgery affects cancellous bone properties in patients suffering tibial plateau fractures (TPF), in terms of structural integrity and gene expression controlling bone loss. A cohort of 29 TPF, operated 1–17 days post‐injury, had biopsies from the fracture and an equivalent contralateral limb site, at surgery. Samples were assessed using micro‐computed tomography and real‐time RT‐PCR analysis for the expression of genes known to be involved in bone remodeling and fracture healing. Significant decreases in the injured vs control side were observed for bone volume fraction (BV/TV, −13.5 ± 6.0%, p = 0.011), trabecular number (Tb.N, −10.5 ± 5.9%, p = 0.041) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th, −4.6 ± 2.5%, p = 0.033). Changes in these parameters were more evident in patients operated 5–17 days post‐injury, compared to those operated in the first 4 days post‐injury. A significant negative association was found between Tb.Th (r = −0.54, p < 0.01) and BV/TV (r = −0.39, p < 0.05) in relation to time post‐injury in the injured limb. Both BV/TV and Tb.Th were negatively associated with expression of key molecular markers of bone resorption, CTSK, ACP5, and the ratio of RANKL:OPG mRNA. These structure/gene expression relationships did not exist in the contralateral tibial plateau of these patients. This study demonstrated that there is a significant early time‐dependent bone loss in the proximal tibia after TPF. This bone loss was significantly associated with altered expression of genes typically involved in the process of osteoclastic bone resorption but possibly also bone resorption by osteocytes. The mechanism of early bone loss in such fractures should be a subject of further investigation. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2865–2875, 2018.
Stem cells, blood vessels, and angiogenesis as major determinants for musculoskeletal tissue repair
Authors: Huard Johnny 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThis manuscript summarizes 20 years of research from my laboratories at the University of Pittsburgh and more recently, at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the Steadman Philippon Research Institute in Vail, Colorado. The discovery of muscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs) did not arise from a deliberate search to find a novel population of muscle cells with high regenerative potential, but instead was conceived in response to setbacks encountered while working in muscle cell transplantation for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a devastating inherited X‐linked muscle disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness due to lack of dystrophin expression in muscle fiber sarcolemma.1 Although the transplantation of normal myoblasts into dystrophin‐deficient muscle can restore dystrophin, this approach has been hindered by limited survival (less than 1%) of the injected cells.1 The fact that 99% of the cells were not surviving implantation was seen as a major weakness with this technology by most. My research team decided to investigate which cells represent the 1% of the cells surviving post‐implantation. We have subsequently confirmed that the few cells which exhibit high survival post‐implantation also display stem cell characteristics, and were termed “muscle‐derived stem cells” or MDSCs. Herein, I will describe the origin of these MDSCs, the mechanisms of MDSC action during tissue repair, and finally the development of therapeutic strategies to improve regeneration and repair of musculoskeletal tissues. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1212–1220, 2019.
A comparison of one‐stage vs two‐stage individual patient data meta‐analysis methods: A simulation study
Authors: Kontopantelis Evangelos 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundIndividual patient data (IPD) meta‐analysis allows for the exploration of heterogeneity and can identify subgroups that most benefit from an intervention (or exposure), much more successfully than meta‐analysis of aggregate data. One‐stage or two‐stage IPD meta‐analysis is possible, with the former using mixed‐effects regression models and the latter obtaining study estimates through simpler regression models before aggregating using standard meta‐analysis methodology. However, a comprehensive comparison of the two methods, in practice, is lacking.MethodsWe generated 1000 datasets for each of many simulation scenarios covering different IPD sizes and different between‐study variance (heterogeneity) assumptions at various levels (intercept and exposure). Numerous simulation settings of different assumptions were also used, while we evaluated performance both on main effects and interaction effects. Performance was assessed on mean bias, mean error, coverage, and power.ResultsFully specified one‐stage models (random study intercept or fixed study‐specific intercept; random exposure effect; and fixed study‐specific effects for covariate) were the best performers overall, especially when investigating interactions. For main effects, performance was almost identical across models unless intercept heterogeneity was present, in which case the fully specified one‐stage and the two‐stage models performed better. For interaction effects, differences across models were greater with the two‐stage model consistently outperformed by the two fully specified one‐stage models.ConclusionsA fully specified one‐stage model should be preferred (accounting for potential exposure, intercept, and, possibly, interaction heterogeneity), especially when investigating interactions. If non‐convergence is encountered with a random study intercept, the fixed study‐specific intercept one‐stage model should be used instead.
Cellulose membrane modified with polypyrrole as an extraction device for the determination of emerging contaminants in river water with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: de Noronha Bárbara Viero , Fernando Bergamini Márcio , Marcolino Junior Luiz Humberto , da Silva Bruno José Gonçalves 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, a simple, efficient, and reusable device based on cellulose membranes modified with polypyrrole was developed to extract 14 emerging contaminants from aqueous matrices. For chemical polymerization, a low‐cost cellulose membrane was immersed in 0.1 mol/L pyrrole and 0.5 mol/L ammonium persulfate for 40 min in an ice/water bath. The cellulose membranes modified with polypyrrole were accommodated in a polycarbonate holder suitable for solid‐phase extraction disks. Solid‐phase extraction parameters that affect extraction efficiency, such as sample volume, pH, flow rate, and desorption were optimized. Subsequently, determination of target compounds was performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The linear range for analytes ranged from 0.05 to 500 μg/L, with coefficients of determination above 0.990. The limits of quantification varied between 0.05 and 10 μg/L, with relative standard deviations lower than 17%. The performance of the proposed cellulose membranes modified with polypyrrole device for real samples was evaluated after extraction of emerging contaminants from a river water sample from the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Bisphenol A (6.39 μg/L), caffeine (17.83 μg/L), and paracetamol (19.28 μg/L) were found in these samples.
In Situ Template Polymerization to Prepare Liposome‐Coated PDMAEMA Nanogels with Controlled Size, High Stability, Low Cytotoxicity, and Responsive Drug Release for Intracellular DOX Release
Authors: Zhao Xiaoqing , Deng Liandong , Deng Hongzhang , Dong Anjie , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPoly[2‐(N,N‐dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA)‐based nanogels (NGs) have attracted widespread interest as promising nanocarriers for drug/gene delivery, due to their versatile polyelectrolyte properties, multiple responsive functions, and acid‐swellable behaviors. However, the PDMAEMA NGs prepared by conventional methods often suffer from nonuniform particle shapes and sizes, intractable residues of surfactants, as well as inherent cytotoxicity and low circulation stability of cationic polymer particles. Herein, a facile and one‐pot liposome‐templated polymerization method is developed to prepare PEGylated liposome–coated PDMAEMA nanogels (PDMAEMA@liposome NGs). The results indicate that the liposome not only acts as polymerization template to obtain PDMAEMA NGs with controlled and predetermined size, but also anchors stealthy lipid molecules on the surface of NGs to improve the biocompatibility, enhance hemodynamic stability. In brief, the procedure provided here offers a robust and easy‐to‐implement approach to develop a polyelectrolyte–lipid hybrid nanoplatform with combined beneficial features of PDMAEMA NGs and stealthy liposomes, potentially providing a promising drug delivery vehicle for chemotherapy.
Schizophyllum commune: An unexploited source for lignocellulose degrading enzymes
Authors: Tovar‐Herrera Omar Eduardo , Martha‐Paz Adriana Mayrel , Pérez‐LLano Yordanis , Aranda Elisabet , Tacoronte‐Morales Juan Enrique , Pedroso‐Cabrera María Teresa , Arévalo‐Niño Katiushka , Folch‐Mallol Jorge Luis , Batista‐García Ramón Alberto 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLignocellulose represents the most abundant source of carbon in the Earth. Thus, fraction technology of the biomass turns up as an emerging technology for the development of biorefineries. Saccharification and fermentation processes require the formulation of enzymatic cocktails or the development of microorganisms (naturally or genetically modified) with the appropriate toolbox to produce a cost‐effective fermentation technology. Therefore, the search for microorganisms capable of developing effective cellulose hydrolysis represents one of the main challenges in this era. Schizophyllum commune is an edible agarical with a great capability to secrete a myriad of hydrolytic enzymes such as xylanases and endoglucanases that are expressed in a high range of substrates. In addition, a large number of protein‐coding genes for glycoside hydrolases, oxidoreductases like laccases (Lacs; EC 1.10.3.2), as well as some sequences encoding for lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and expansins‐like proteins demonstrate the potential of this fungus to be applied in different biotechnological process. In this review, we focus on the enzymatic toolbox of S. commune at the genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level, as well as the requirements to be employed for fermentable sugars production in biorefineries. At the end the trend of its use in patent registration is also reviewed.
Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Infusion Therapy: Focus on Gait and Balance
Authors: Rispoli Vittorio , Golfrè Andreasi Nico , Penna Giovanna , Preda Francesca , Contini Eleonora , Sensi Mariachiara 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundGait and balance disorders in advanced Parkinson's disease (aPD) heavily impact the disease burden. In this prospective observational open‐label study, our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion on balance and gait over a long‐term follow‐up.MethodsThe motor status of 15 aPD patients with balance and gait symptoms was assessed with UPDRS (I–IV) and H&Y at baseline in OFF and ON conditions, and after 52 weeks of LCIG infusion. Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Tinetti Gait & Balance Score (TS), Gait and Falls Questionnaire (G&F‐Q), FOG Questionnaire (FOG‐Q), and New FOG Questionnaire (NFOG‐Q) were used to specifically test balance and gait.ResultsUPDRS, H&Y, BBS, TS, G&F‐Q, FOG‐Q, NFOG‐Q improved significantly. All FOG types benefited from LCIG.ConclusionsOur preliminary data show the beneficial effect of LCIG therapy not only on FOG, but also on gait and balance. Results need to be confirmed in larger cohort studies.
Deep brain stimulation treated dystonia‐trajectory via status dystonicus
Authors: Nerrant Elodie , Gonzalez Victoria , Milesi Christophe , Vasques Xavier , Ruge Diane , Roujeau Thomas , De Antonio Rubio Isabel , Cyprien Fabienne , Seng Emilie Chan , Demailly Diane , Roubertie Agathe , Boularan Alain , Greco Fréderic , Perrigault Pierre‐François , Cambonie Gilles , Coubes Philippe , Cif Laura 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: Status dystonicus (SD) is a life‐threatening condition.Objective and Methods: In a dystonia cohort who developed status dystonicus, we analyzed demographics, background dystonia phenomenology and complexity, trajectory previous to‐, via status dystonicus episodes, and evolution following them.Results: Over 20 years, 40 of 328 dystonia patients who were receiving DBS developed 58 status dystonicus episodes. Dystonia was of pediatric onset (95%), frequently complex, and had additional cognitive and pyramidal impairment (62%) and MRI alterations (82.5%); 40% of episodes occured in adults. Mean disease duration preceding status dystonicus was 10.3 ± 8 years. Evolution time to status dystonicus varied from days to weeks; however, 37.5% of patients exhibited progressive worsening over years. Overall, DBS was efficient in resolving 90% of episodes.Conclusion: Status dystonicus is potentially reversible and a result of heterogeneous conditions with nonuniform underlying physiology. Recognition of the complex phenomenology, morphological alterations, and distinct patterns of evolution, before and after status dystonicus, will help our understanding of these conditions. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Effects of antipsychotic drugs on neurites relevant to schizophrenia treatment
Authors: Huang Xu‐Feng , Song Xueqin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough antipsychotic drugs are mainly used for treating schizophrenia, they are widely used for treating various psychiatric diseases in adults, the elderly, adolescents and even children. Today, about 1.2% of the worldwide population suffers from psychosis and related disorders, which translates to about 7.5 million subjects potentially targeted by antipsychotic drugs. Neurites project from the cell body of neurons and connect neurons to each other to form neural networks. Deficits in neurite outgrowth and integrity are implicated in psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. Neurite deficits contribute to altered brain development, neural networking and connectivity as well as symptoms including psychosis and altered cognitive function. This review revealed that (1) antipsychotic drugs could have profound effects on neurites, synaptic spines and synapse, by which they may influence and regulate neural networking and plasticity; (2) antipsychotic drugs target not only neurotransmitter receptors but also intracellular signaling molecules regulating the signaling pathways responsible for neurite outgrowth and maintenance; (3) high doses and chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs may cause some loss of neurites, synaptic spines, or synapsis in the cortical structures. In addition, confounding effects causing neurite deficits may include elevated inflammatory cytokines and antipsychotic drug‐induced metabolic side effects in patients on chronic antipsychotic therapy. Unraveling how antipsychotic drugs affect neurites and neural connectivity is essential for improving therapeutic outcomes and preventing aversive effects for patients on antipsychotic drug treatment.
Temporally feathered intensity‐modulated radiation therapy: A planning technique to reduce normal tissue toxicity
Authors: López Alfonso Juan Carlos , Parsai Shireen , Joshi Nikhil , Godley Andrew , Shah Chirag , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Caudell Jimmy J. , Fuller Clifton D. , Enderling Heiko , Scott Jacob G. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeIntensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has allowed optimization of three‐dimensional spatial radiation dose distributions permitting target coverage while reducing normal tissue toxicity. However, radiation‐induced normal tissue toxicity is a major contributor to patients’ quality of life and often a dose‐limiting factor in the definitive treatment of cancer with radiation therapy. We propose the next logical step in the evolution of IMRT using canonical radiobiological principles, optimizing the temporal dimension through which radiation therapy is delivered to further reduce radiation‐induced toxicity by increased time for normal tissue recovery. We term this novel treatment planning strategy “temporally feathered radiation therapy” (TFRT).MethodsTemporally feathered radiotherapy plans were generated as a composite of five simulated treatment plans each with altered constraints on particular hypothetical organs at risk (OARs) to be delivered sequentially. For each of these TFRT plans, OARs chosen for feathering receive higher doses while the remaining OARs receive lower doses than the standard fractional dose delivered in a conventional fractionated IMRT plan. Each TFRT plan is delivered a specific weekday, which in effect leads to a higher dose once weekly followed by four lower fractional doses to each temporally feathered OAR. We compared normal tissue toxicity between TFRT and conventional fractionated IMRT plans by using a dynamical mathematical model to describe radiation‐induced tissue damage and repair over time.ResultsModel‐based simulations of TFRT demonstrated potential for reduced normal tissue toxicity compared to conventionally planned IMRT. The sequencing of high and low fractional doses delivered to OARs by TFRT plans suggested increased normal tissue recovery, and hence less overall radiation‐induced toxicity, despite higher total doses delivered to OARs compared to conventional fractionated IMRT plans. The magnitude of toxicity reduction by TFRT planning was found to depend on the corresponding standard fractional dose of IMRT and organ‐specific recovery rate of sublethal radiation‐induced damage.ConclusionsTFRT is a novel technique for treatment planning and optimization of therapeutic radiotherapy that considers the nonlinear aspects of normal tissue repair to optimize toxicity profiles. Model‐based simulations of TFRT to carefully conceptualized clinical cases have demonstrated potential for radiation‐induced toxicity reduction in a previously described dynamical model of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP).
The ability to obtain, appraise and understand health information among undergraduate nursing students in a medical university in Chongqing, China
Authors: Zou Mao , Zhang Yan , Zhang Fan , Hu Ping , Bai Ruixue , Huang Wenjie , Lu Lu , Abdullah Abu S. , Guo Jeff Jianfei , Sharma Manoj , Reis Cesar , Zhao Yong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to survey the ability of nursing students to obtain, appraise and understand health information and its influencing factors among undergraduate nursing students in a medical university in Chongqing, China.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodThe sample was obtained using stratified sampling methods. We used the internationally validated Health Literacy Questionnaire. Six hundred and fifteen (76.88%) of 800 nursing students completed participated anonymous questionnaires that measured their ability to obtain, appraise and understand health information.ResultsMean scores of nursing students to obtain, appraise and understand health information were 17.13, 13.07 and 17.78 respectively. Academic level, parental educational level and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with scores in obtaining, appraising and understanding health information.