bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crustal Azimuthal Anisotropy Beneath the Central North China Craton Revealed by Receiver Functions
Authors: Zheng Tuo , Ding Zhifeng , Ning Jieyuan , Liu Kelly H. , Gao Stephen S. , Chang Lijun , Kong Fansheng , Fan Xiaoping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo characterize crustal anisotropy beneath the central North China Craton (CNCC), we apply a recently developed deconvolution approach to effectively remove near‐surface reverberations in the receiver functions recorded at 200 broadband seismic stations and subsequently determine the fast orientation and the magnitude of crustal azimuthal anisotropy by fitting the sinusoidal moveout of the P to S converted phases from the Moho and intracrustal discontinuities. The magnitude of crustal anisotropy is found to range from 0.06 s to 0.54 s, with an average of 0.25 ± 0.08 s. Fault‐parallel anisotropy in the seismically active Zhangjiakou‐Penglai Fault Zone is significant and could be related to fluid‐filled fractures. Historical strong earthquakes mainly occurred in the fault zone segments with significant crustal anisotropy, suggesting that the measured crustal anisotropy is closely related to the degree of crustal deformation. The observed spatial distribution of crustal anisotropy suggests that the northwestern terminus of the fault zone probably ends at about 114°E. Also observed is a sharp contrast in the fast orientations between the western and eastern Yanshan Uplifts separated by the North‐South Gravity Lineament. The NW‐SE trending anisotropy in the western Yanshan Uplift is attributable to “fossil” crustal anisotropy due to lithospheric extension of the CNCC, while extensional fluid‐saturated microcracks induced by regional compressive stress are responsible for the observed ENE‐WSW trending anisotropy in the eastern Yanshan Uplift. Comparison of crustal anisotropy measurements and previously determined upper mantle anisotropy implies that the degree of crust‐mantle coupling in the CNCC varies spatially.
Ion Behaviors in the Reconnection Diffusion Region of a Corrugated Magnetotail Current Sheet
Authors: Wang Shan , Chen Li‐Jen , Bessho Naoki , Hesse Michael , Giles Barbara L. , Moore Thomas E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe current sheet structure and ion behaviors in a magnetotail reconnection diffusion region are investigated. The multispacecraft analysis suggests a corrugated current sheet structure, interpreted as due to a flapping motion that propagates along geocentric solar magnetospheric along the +y direction in the Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric (GSM) coordinate. The electric field (E) and ion distributions have similarities with those in a planar current sheet. Energetic ions move along the current direction, suggesting the acceleration by the observed reconnection E during the meandering motion. Counterstreaming ions along the current sheet normal suggest the acceleration by the Hall E that is observed to be the dominant component. However, at certain locations, E and counterstreaming ions significantly deviate from the local normal direction, and more than one pair of counterstreaming populations exist, possibly because the corrugated current sheet enables ions entering the current sheet at different locations with different velocities to mix together.
Atlantic Zonal Mode: An Emerging Source of Indian Summer Monsoon Variability in a Warming World
Authors: Sabeerali C. T. , Ajayamohan R. S. , Bangalath Hamza Kunhu , Chen Nan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAtlantic Zonal Mode (AZM) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) are known to have an inverse relationship, which means that the cold (warm) phases of AZM result in strong (weak) ISMR. Here, we report that the inverse relationship between AZM and ISMR has significantly strengthened in recent decades. The cause of this strengthening relationship has been investigated. We find a robust increase in interannual variability of sea surface temperature over the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean in recent decades, which implies an increase in the number of strong AZM events toward the end of the twentieth century. The increase in strong AZM events alters the large‐scale monsoon circulation over the Indian subcontinent by enhancing the Kelvin wave response into the Indian Ocean, leading to an enhanced AZM‐ISMR teleconnection. This demands a better representation of the AZM‐ISMR teleconnection in climate models for improving seasonal monsoon prediction in a warming world.
Reactive Transport of Nutrients and Bioclogging During Dynamic Disconnection Process of Stream and Groundwater
Authors: Xian Yang , Jin Menggui , Zhan Hongbin , Liu Yanfeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBiofilm‐induced dynamic evolution of streambed permeability commonly concurs with the transition from connection to disconnection between surface water and groundwater in arid regions. However, in most previous studies, static streambeds were assumed to examine the evolution of disconnection, or despite dynamic streambeds being considered, the feedbacks between nutrients transport and microbial growth were ignored. In this study, we developed an innovative coupled variably saturated flow, microbial growth, biogeochemical reactions, and bioclogging model. We applied this model to investigate the feedbacks between nutrients transport and microbial growth and their controls on infiltration evolution. Our results showed that a new clogging layer can naturally develop due to these feedbacks and does not require prior clogging. The development of the new clogging layer promotes the occurrence of disconnection. These results illustrate that as bioclogging is a dominant process, previous static disconnection conditions cannot be used as criteria to predict whether disconnection can occur in a stream‐aquifer system. Furthermore, different from the previous assumption of constant specific microbial growth rates, biomass growth, and streambed permeability evolution are self‐limiting. Accordingly, due to initial low growth rate, infiltration increases when the water table declines, and it then decreases and reaches a minimum while a stable biofilm is developed. These trends coincide with the infiltration variations reported in previous field investigations. After reaching the minimum, infiltration increases again with decline of the water table until achieving a constant at the moment of disconnection. This stage was missing in previous studies because constant specific growth rates were assumed.
ZFP30 promotes adipogenesis through the KAP1-mediated activation of a retrotransposon-derived Pparg2 enhancer
Authors: Chen Wanze , Schwalie Petra C. , Pankevich Eugenia V. , Gubelmann Carine , Raghav Sunil K. , Dainese Riccardo , Cassano Marco , Imbeault Michael , Jang Suk Min , Russeil Julie , Delessa Tenagne , Duc Julien , Trono Didier , Wolfrum Christian , Deplancke Bart 
Published: April 2019

AbstractKrüppel-associated box zinc finger proteins (KZFPs) constitute the largest family of mammalian transcription factors, but most remain completely uncharacterized. While initially proposed to primarily repress transposable elements, recent reports have revealed that KFZPs contribute to a wide variety of other biological processes. Using murine and human in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrate here that one poorly studied KZFP, ZFP30, promotes adipogenesis by directly targeting and activating a retrotransposon-derivedPparg2enhancer. Through mechanistic studies, we further show that ZFP30 recruits the co-regulator KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1), which, surprisingly, acts as a ZFP30 co-activator in this adipogenic context. Our findings provide an understanding of both adipogenic and KZFP-KAP1 complex-mediated gene regulation, showing that the KZFP-KAP1 axis can also function in a non-repressive manner.
Dog owners are more likely to meet physical activity guidelines than people without a dog: An investigation of the association between dog ownership and physical activity levels in a UK community
Authors: Westgarth Carri , Christley Robert M. , Jewell Christopher , German Alexander J. , Boddy Lynne M. , Christian Hayley E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevious research suggests that dog owners are slightly more physically active than those without dogs, but have only studied one household member, and it is unclear whether time spent dog walking replaces other physical activity (PA). A survey of 191 dog owning adults (DO), 455 non-dog owning adults (NDO), and 46 children, living in 385 households in West Cheshire UK, was conducted in July-August 2015. Objective (accelerometer) validation occurred on a subset (n = 28 adults). Survey PA outcomes were modelled using hierarchical logistic and linear multivariable regression modelling, accounting for clustering of participants in households. DO were far more likely than NDO to report walking for recreation (OR = 14.35, 95% CI = 5.77–35.79, P < 0.001), and amongst recreational walkers walked for longer per week (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.27–5.91, P < 0.001). Other PA undertaken did not differ by dog ownership. The odds of DO meeting current physical activity guidelines of 150 mins per week were four times greater than for NDO (OR = 4.10, 95% CI = 2.05–8.19, P < 0.001). Children with dogs reported more minutes of walking (P = 0.01) and free-time (unstructured) activity (P < 0.01). Dog ownership is associated with more recreational walking and considerably greater odds of meeting PA guidelines. Policies regarding public spaces and housing should support dog ownership due to PA benefits.
Scattering of spoof surface plasmon polaritons in defect-rich THz waveguides
Authors: Klein Andreas K. , Basden Alastair , Hammler Jonathan , Tyas Luke , Cooke Michael , Balocco Claudio , Zeze Dagou , Girkin John M. , Gallant Andrew 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report on the first observation of ‘Spoof’ Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) scattering from surface defects on metal-coated 3D printed, corrugated THz waveguiding surfaces. Surface defects, a result of the printing process, are shown to assist the direct coupling of the incident free-space radiation into a spoof SPP wave; removing the need to bridge the photon momentum gap using knife-edge or prism coupling. The free space characteristics, propagation losses and confinement of the spoof SPPs to the surface are measured, and the results are compared to finite-difference time domain simulations. Angular resolved THz spectroscopy measurements reveal the scattering patterns from surfaces and are compared with Mie theory, taking into account the shortened wavelength of the photons in their bound SPP state compared to their free space wavelength. These results confirm yet another similarity between the properties of THz spoof SPPs and their natural, non-spoof, counterparts at optical and infrared frequencies which also, unexpectedly, adds functionality to the structures.
Sorption of Eu(III) on Eibenstock granite studied by µTRLFS: A novel spatially-resolved luminescence-spectroscopic technique
Authors: Molodtsov K. , Schymura S. , Rothe J. , Dardenne K. , Schmidt M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study a novel technique, micro-focus time-resolved laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy (µTRLFS) is presented to investigate heterogeneous systems like granite (mainly consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica), regarding their sorption behavior. µTRLFS is a spatially-resolved upgrade of conventional TRLFS, which allows point-by-point analysis of single minerals by reducing the beam size of the analytic laser beam to below the size of mineral grains. This provides visualization of sorption capacity as well as speciation of a luminescent probe, here Eu3+. A thin-section of granitic rock from Eibenstock, Saxony, Germany was analyzed regarding its mineralogy with microprobe X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Afterwards, it was reacted with 5.0 × 10−5 mol/L Eu3+ at pH 8.0 and uptake was quantified by autoradiography. Finally, the µTRLFS studies were conducted. The results clearly show that the materials interact differently with Eu3+, and often even on one mineral grain different speciations can be found. Alkali-feldspar shows very high uptake, with an inhomogeneous distribution, and intermediate sorption strength. On quartz uptake is almost 10-fold lower, while the complexation strength is higher than on feldspar. This may be indicative of adsorption only at surface defect sites, in accordance with low hydration of the observed species.
Isolation and characterisation of pVa-21, a giant bacteriophage with anti-biofilm potential against Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Kim Sang Guen , Jun Jin Woo , Giri Sib Sankar , Yun Saekil , Kim Hyoun Joong , Kim Sang Wha , Kang Jeong Woo , Han Se Jin , Jeong Dalsang , Park Se Chang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is an increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant Vibrio alginolyticus, a zoonotic pathogen that causes mass mortality in aquatic animals and infects humans; therefore, there is a demand for alternatives to antibiotics for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by this pathogen. One possibility is through the exploitation of bacteriophages. In the present study, the novel bacteriophage pVa-21 was classified as Myoviridae and characterised as a candidate biocontrol agent against V. alginolyticus. Its morphology, host range and infectivity, growth characteristics, planktonic or biofilm lytic activity, stability under various conditions, and genome were investigated. Its latent period and burst size were estimated to be approximately 70 min and 58 plaque-forming units/cell, respectively. In addition, phage pVa-21 can inhibit bacterial growth in both the planktonic and biofilm states. Furthermore, phylogenetic and genome analysis revealed that the phage is closely related to the giant phiKZ-like phages and can be classified as a new member of the phiKZ-like bacteriophages that infect bacteria belonging to the family Vibrionaceae.
Common patterns of gene regulation associated with Cesarean section and the development of islet autoimmunity – indications of immune cell activation
Authors: Laimighofer M. , Lickert R. , Fuerst R. , Theis F. J. , Winkler C. , Bonifacio E. , Ziegler A.-G. , Krumsiek J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBirth by Cesarean section increases the risk of developing type 1 diabetes later in life. We aimed to elucidate common regulatory processes observed after Cesarean section and the development of islet autoimmunity, which precedes type 1 diabetes, by investigating the transcriptome of blood cells in the developing immune system. To investigate Cesarean section effects, we analyzed longitudinal gene expression profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells taken at several time points from children with increased familial and genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. For islet autoimmunity, we compared gene expression differences between children after initiation of islet autoimmunity and age-matched children who did not develop islet autoantibodies. Finally, we compared both results to identify common regulatory patterns. We identified the pentose phosphate pathway and pyrimidine metabolism - both involved in nucleotide synthesis and cell proliferation - to be differentially expressed in children born by Cesarean section and after islet autoimmunity. Comparison of global gene expression signatures showed that transcriptomic changes were systematically and significantly correlated between Cesarean section and islet autoimmunity. Moreover, signatures of both Cesarean section and islet autoimmunity correlated with transcriptional changes observed during activation of isolated CD4+ T lymphocytes. In conclusion, we identified shared molecular changes relating to immune cell activation in children born by Cesarean section and children who developed autoimmunity. Our results serve as a starting point for further investigations on how a type 1 diabetes risk factor impacts the young immune system at a molecular level.
The response of Sphingopyxis granuli strain TFA to the hostile anoxic condition
Authors: González-Flores Yolanda Elisabet , de Dios Rubén , Reyes-Ramírez Francisca , Santero Eduardo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSphingomonads comprises a group of interesting aerobic bacteria because of their ubiquity and metabolic capability of degrading many recalcitrant contaminants. The tetralin-degrader Sphingopyxis granuli strain TFA has been recently reported as able to anaerobically grow using nitrate as the alternative electron acceptor and so far is the only bacterium with this ability within the sphingomonads group. To understand how strain TFA thrives under anoxic conditions, a differential transcriptomic analysis while growing under aerobic or anoxic conditions was performed. This analysis has been validated and complemented with transcription kinetics of representative genes of different functional categories. Results show an extensive change of the expression pattern of this strain in the different conditions. Consistently, the most induced operon in anoxia codes for proteases, presumably required for extensive changes in the protein profile. Besides genes that respond to lack of oxygen in other bacteria, there are a number of genes that respond to stress or to damage of macromolecules, including genes of the SOS DNA-damage response, which suggest that anoxic conditions represent a hostile environment for this bacterium. Interestingly, growth under anoxic conditions also resulted in repression of all flagellar and type IV pilin genes, which suggested that this strain shaves its appendages off while growing in anaerobiosis.
Rapid detection and specific identification of offals within minced beef samples utilising ambient mass spectrometry
Authors: Black Connor , Chevallier Olivier P. , Cooper Kevin M. , Haughey Simon A. , Balog Julia , Takats Zoltan , Elliott Christopher T. , Cavin Christophe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe morphological transformation of beef tissues after various processing treatments facilitates the addition of cheap offal products. Undetectable to the naked eye, analytical techniques are required to identify such scenarios within minced and processed products. DNA methodologies are ill-equipped to detect adulteration of offal cuts from the same species and vibrational spectroscopic studies, although rapid and non-destructive, have proved inconclusive as to whether the specific adulterant can be identified. For the first time we present a mass spectrometric approach employing an ambient ionisation process to eliminate sample preparation and provide near-instantaneous results. Rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS) was used to assess its capabilities of detecting minced beef adulteration with beef brain, heart, kidney, large intestine and liver tissues and chemometric analysis enabled unique or significant markers to be identified. The adulteration levels detected with the REIMS technology when analysing raw adulterated beef burgers were; brain (5%); heart (1–10%); kidney (1–5%); large intestine (1–10%) and liver (5–10%). For boiled adulterated samples; brain (5–10%); heart (1–10%); kidney (1–5%); large intestine (1–10%) and liver (5–10%). REIMS allows rapid and specific identification of offal cuts within adulterated beef burgers and could provide a paradigm shift across many authenticity applications.
Cadmium association with DREAM promotes DREAM interactions with intracellular partners in a similar manner to its physiological ligand, calcium
Authors: Azam Samiol , Louis Gessica St , Miksovska Jaroslava 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Cd2+ exposure has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases and other pathologies, but the underlying mechanism through which it exerts toxic effects remain unresolved. Using calorimetric and spectroscopic techniques, we show that Cd2+ binds to EF-hands in DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator) with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 89 ± 10 nM, which is superior to that determined for Ca2+ (Kd = 1000 nM). Analogous to Ca2+ binding, Cd2+ binding triggers changes in the protein secondary and tertiary structure, including increased exposure of the hydrophobic cavities, as determined using a fluorescent probe, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid. In addition, we demonstrate that Cd2+ binding modulates DREAM interactions with FITC-labeled peptides that mimic binding sites of DREAM effector proteins; helix-9 of presenilin-1, and site-1 and site 2 of potassium voltage channel 4.3 (residues 2–22 and 70–90, respectively). Cd2+ association with DREAM increases its affinity for helix 9 of presenilin roughly 30-times compared to metal-free DREAM. The DREAM affinity for site-1 and site 2 is elevated approximately 7 and 15 times, respectively, in the presence of Cd2+. The above results suggest that DREAM and probably other members of the neuronal calcium sensor family bind Cd2+ with an affinity that is superior to that for Ca2+ and the interactions between toxic Cd2+ and DREAM and other neuronal calcium sensors provide novel insight into the molecular mechanism of Cd2+ neurotoxicity.
Protective cardiac conditioning by an atypical cytokine
Authors: Bernhagen Jürgen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therapy options generally aim at restoring the blood flow to the heart muscle and relieve the ischemic insult. Paradoxically, coronary artery reperfusion itself, both during emergency intervention in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients or in the setting of elective cardiac surgery, damages the heart muscle, a phenomenon known as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI). Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is defined by episodes of ‘sub-lethal’ ischemia and reperfusion prior to prolonged coronary artery occlusion. It has been extensively studied as a promising approach to attenuate IRI, but two recent multicenter clinical trials of remote IPC (RIPC) on clinical outcomes have been disappointing. Macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF) is a structurally unique chemokine-like inflammatory cytokine. MIF is pro-atherogenic, but has a complex function in the ischemic heart with a surprising potential as a local cardioprotective factor in early myocardial ischemia. A recent paper published in Clinical Science by Ruze et al. [9], now suggests that MIF could be a key player mediating IPC in the ischemic heart. Employing a Mif gene knockout mouse model, the study indicates a role for endogenous MIF in IPC-mediated protection from myocardial IRI. It could assist in understanding how this atypical cytokine controls ischemic heart pathologies and may set the stage for novel MIF-based therapeutic strategies in IHD.
The Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Physical Activity in Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kahrmann Nicolas , Scheermesser Mandy , Rausch Osthoff Anne-Kathrin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background Current guidelines emphasise the importance of physical activity in the treatment of people with COPD. In general the physical activity level of of people with COPD is lower compared to healthy subjects. Evidence of the effectiveness of counselling in helping people with COPD to increase their activity is inconclusive. The promising method of motivational interviewing (MI) increased the activity levels in people with other chronic diseases.
Objective The aim of this review was to examine the effect of MI-based counselling on activity levels in people with COPD.
Method A systematic review on studies addressing short-term and preferably long-term effects of MI-based counselling on activity levels in people with COPD was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, Cochrane Library, psycINFO and Web of Science. The study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and the TIDieR checklist.
Results The review included seven randomised controlled trials (RCT). Two of the three RCT with clinically relevant between-group differences showed also statistically significant effects.
Conclusion MI-counselling might have a positive short-term effect on physical activity in people with COPD. However, all studies showed no long-term impact.