bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Nanostructural Analysis of Volatile Threshold Switching and Non‐Volatile Bipolar Resistive Switching in Mixed‐Phased a‐VOx Asymmetric Crossbars
Authors: Nirantar Shruti , Mayes Edwin , Rahman Md. Ataur , Ahmed Taimur , Taha Mohammad , Bhaskaran Madhu , Walia Sumeet , Sriram Sharath 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVanadium oxide is a multi‐functional, phase‐change material that shows both apolar threshold switching (TS) and bipolar resistive switching (BRS) in a mixed‐phase film. However, the origins of its multifunctional behavior and respective switching mechanisms are still unproven. Here, asymmetric cross‐point devices are introduced based on an amorphous mixed‐phase vanadium oxide film. The devices show condition‐dependent volatile TS post‐electroforming as well as electroforming‐free non‐volatile BRS. An interesting two‐step volatile TS is also observed post‐electroforming in few devices. This work proves that the volatile TS is due to the insulator‐to‐metal (IMT) transition in local crystal islands of vanadium dioxide based on the electrical in situ transmission electron microscopy and highlights origins of two‐step volatile TS based on nanostructural changes. This insight will not only pave a path to adopt vanadium oxide in crossbar arrays and control its functionality with electrical conditions, but also highlights the process of crystallizing vanadium dioxide just with electrical bias without any high temperature annealing. Stimuli‐triggered or condition‐dependent switching control of memory elements will enable programmable logic and neuromorphic circuits incorporating vanadium oxide.
Flexible and High‐Loading Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Enabled by Integrated Three‐In‐One Fibrous Membranes
Authors: Wang Jianan , Yang Guorui , Chen Jie , Liu Yunpeng , Wang Yuankun , Lao Cheng‐Yen , Xi Kai , Yang Duowen , Harris Christopher J. , Yan Wei , Ding Shujiang , Kumar Ramachandran Vasant 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries are appealing as high‐energy storage systems and hold great application prospects in wearable and portable electronics. However, severe shuttle effects, low sulfur conductivity, and especially poor electrode mechanical flexibility restrict sulfur utilization and loading for practical applications. Herein, high‐flux, flexible, electrospun fibrous membranes are developed, which succeed in integrating three functional units (cathode, interlayer, and separator) into an efficient composite. This structure helps to eliminate negative interface effects, and effectively drives synergistic boosts to polysulfide confinement, electron transfer, and lithium‐ion diffusion. It delivers a high initial capacity of 1501 mA h g−1 and a discharge capacity of 933 mA h g−1 after 400 cycles, with slow capacity attenuation (0.069% per cycle). Even under high sulfur loading (13.2 mg cm−2, electrolyte/sulfur ratio = 6 mL g−1) or in an alternative folded state, this three‐in‐one membrane still exhibits high areal capacity (11.4 mA h cm−2) and exceptional application performance (powering an array of over 30 light‐emitting diodes (LEDs)), highlighting its huge potential in high‐energy flexible devices.
Spontaneous Interface Ion Exchange: Passivating Surface Defects of Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Photovoltage
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Wang Li , Liu Ranran , Fan Yingping , Meng Hongguang , Shao Zhipeng , Cui Guanglei , Pang Shuping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInterface engineering is of great concern in photovoltaic devices. For the solution‐processed perovskite solar cells, the modification of the bottom surface of the perovskite layer is a challenge due to solvent incompatibility. Herein, a Cl‐containing tin‐based electron transport layer; SnOx‐Cl, is designed to realize an in situ, spontaneous ion‐exchange reaction at the interface of SnOx‐Cl/MAPbI3. The interfacial ion rearrangement not only effectively passivates the physical contact defects, but, at the same time, the diffusion of Cl ions in the perovskite film also causes longitudinal grain growth and further reduces the grain boundary density. As a result, an efficiency of 20.32% is achieved with an extremely high open‐circuit voltage of 1.19 V. This versatile design of the underlying carrier transport layer provides a new way to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
The role of early care and education in addressing early childhood trauma
Authors: Bartlett Jessica Dym , Smith Sheila 
Published: August 2019

AbstractYoung children's experience of trauma is associated with a wide range of adverse events and circumstances, including abuse and neglect, domestic violence, loss of a parent, and community violence. Policymakers and practitioners are increasingly aware that trauma during the first few years of life is especially widespread, and there is growing interest in new ways to support these young children and their families. Many young children who experience trauma attend early care and education (ECE) programs, and these settings offer important opportunities to promote their well‐being. This paper examines strategies currently being implemented in ECE to address early childhood trauma. The paper first examines research on how trauma affects young children's development, ECE environments, and society. We then describe the unique needs of young, traumatized children and features of trauma‐informed care that can address their needs, along with emerging interventions and supports that can be incorporated into or linked with ECE settings as part of a trauma‐informed approach. We conclude with a discussion of future directions for ECE and trauma research, policy, and practice, bearing in mind both the promise of new approaches and a limited evidence base to date.
Related physicochemical, rheological, and dielectric properties of nanocomposites of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with polyethyleneglycol
Authors: Javanbakht Taraneh , Laurent Sophie , Stanicki Dimitri , David Eric 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, we present the physicochemical, rheological, and dielectric properties of the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with polyethyleneglycol (PEG). It was observed that the increase of the concentration of PEG prohibited the sedimentation of nanoparticles, which increased the colloidal stability of nanocomposites. The surface study of the polymer and the nanocomposites using TOF‐SIMS showed that the samples did not have the same surface properties. The analysis of the intensity ratios of the FeO+/Fe+and OH−/O−peaks of the nanocomposites of bare, positively, and negatively charged SPIONs with PEG revealed that no reduction occurred for these nanoparticles when coated with PEG, whereas the iron atoms on the surface of PEG negatively charged SPIONs were less oxidized than those on the surface of PEG‐bare SPIONs, and the iron atoms on the surface of PEG positively charged SPIONs were more oxidized than the second ones. The rheological study of the polymer and the nanocomposites revealed that the presence of SPIONs did not change the rheological behavior of PEG. The analysis of the dielectric properties of PEG and its composites with SPIONs showed that when SPIONs particles (bare and positively charged) were included in PEG, low frequency dispersion (LFD) was strongly enhanced, that the iron oxide nanoparticles reduced the impedance of PEG in the nanocomposites and that the difference in their surface charge affected their impedance. Taken together, these results suggest that the nanocomposites of PEG with SPIONs have appropriate properties for fluid modification and applications in the nanotechnology and photovoltaic devices. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48280.
Eutectic Molecular Liquids Based on Hydrogen Bonding and π–π Interaction for Exfoliating Two‐dimensional Materials and Recycling Polymers
Authors: Yu Dongkun , Mou Hongyu , Zhao Xinhui , Wang Yaqing , Mu Tiancheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEutectic molecular liquids (EMLs) based on hydrogen‐bonding interaction and π–π stacking were prepared. We found that the thermodynamic properties like initial decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature of EMLs are mainly dominated by the hydrogen bond donor, which is beneficial for designing and preparing new EMLs. These new liquid systems could be applied in the field of environmental and material science.
A Gas Diffusion Layer Impregnated with Mn3O4‐Decorated N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Aasen Drew , Clark Michael , Ivey Douglas G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMn3O4‐decorated N‐CNTs are synthesized and impregnated into porous carbon paper (gas diffusion layer or GDL) to form a composite catalyst‐GDL material in a simple and novel one‐pot process. The impregnated electrode features high active surface area, improved discharge performance, and reduced vulnerability to flooding when compared with other electrode preparation techniques for similar catalysts. Electrochemical and battery testing show catalytic activity and a maximum discharge potential superior to other CNT supported Mn3O4 catalysts, and comparable to commercially used Pt−Ru (1.21 V at 20 mA cm−2). The composite is cycled at 10 mA cm−2 and 20 mA cm−2 as a bifunctional catalyst and as an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) exclusive catalyst, respectively. Discharge performance is stable over 200 cycles at 20 mA cm−2 when used exclusively for ORR with a discharge‐charge efficiency superior to Pt−Ru when coupled with electrodeposited Co−Fe as the OER catalyst (efficiency of 59 % after cycling).
Overcoming lignocellulose‐derived microbial inhibitors: advancing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae resistance toolbox
Authors: Brandt Bianca A. , Jansen Trudy , Görgens Johann F. , van Zyl Willem H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLignocellulose‐derived biofuels present an attractive carbon‐neutral alternative to fossil fuels amidst growing global energy and climate concerns. Bioethanol in particular, has been shown to be a viable additive to and / or replacement for petroleum in countries such as Brazil. The bioconversion of lignocellulose biomass to bioethanol is a developing technology with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae playing a pivotal role in the fermentation‐based processes. This yeast however, is challenged to ferment under harsh conditions, specifically, during exposure to lignocellulose‐derived microbial inhibitors that are formed during pretreatment processes. This detrimentally affects biocatalyst performance, ultimately decreasing ethanol productivity and yield. To this end, S. cerevisiae strains are in development to increase the yeast microbial inhibitor resistance towards cost‐effective cellulosic bioethanol production. This review discusses the current status of inhibitor resistance in S. cerevisiae strains and perspectives on the future of multi‐tolerant phenotypes with a specific focus on existing and emerging strain development strategies designed to improve resistance phenotypes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Further Results in Estimating the Classification Error in Discriminance Analysis
Authors: Wernecke K.‐D. , Kalb G. 
Published: August 2019

Basing on the approach by McLachlan (1977) a procedure for the conditional and common error estimation of the classification error in discriminance analysis is described for k ≧ 2 classes.As a rapid procedure for large sample sizes and feature numbers, a modification of the resubstitution method is proposed being favourable with respect to computing time.Both methods provide useful estimations for the probability of misclassification.In calculating the weighting function w, deviations from preconditions known from the MANOVA such as the skewness, the truncation or the inequality of the covariance matrices, hardly play any role; it appears that only a variation of the sample sizes of the classes substantially influences the weighting functions.The error rates of the tested error estimation methods likewise in effect depend on the sample sizes of the classes. Violations of the mentioned preconditions in the form described above result in different variations of the error estimates, depending on these sample sizes.A comparison between error estimation and allocation relative to a simulated population demonstrates the goodness of the used error estimation procedures.
Modeling alginate encapsulation system for biological hydrogen production
Authors: Zhu Kuang , Arnold William A. , Novak Paige J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWastewater treatment using encapsulated biomass is a promising approach for high‐rate resource recovery. Encapsulation matrices can be customized to achieve desired biomass retention and mass transport performance. This, in turn, facilitates treatment of different waste streams. In this study, a model was developed to describe calcium‐alginate beads encapsulating hydrogen‐producing biomass, with the goal of enabling appropriate a priori customization of the system. The model was based on a classic diffusion‐reaction model, but also included the growth of encapsulated biomass and product inhibition. Experimental data were used to verify the model, which accurately described the effect of hydraulic retention time, bead size, and feed concentration on resource (hydrogen) recovery from brewery wastewater. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the hydrogen production rate was insensitive to substrate diffusivity and bead size, but sensitive to the substrate partition coefficient, initial encapsulated biomass concentration, and the total volume of beads in the reactor, demonstrating that this system was growth‐limited rather than diffusion‐limited under the tested conditions. Because the model quantifies the relationship between the hydrogen production rate and various input and operating parameters, it should be possible to extend the model to determine the most cost‐effective system for optimal performance with a given waste stream.
Reciprocal associations between job strain and depression: A 2‐year follow‐up study from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
Authors: Qiao Ya‐Mei , Lu Ya‐Ke , Yan Zhen , Yao Wu , Pei Jin‐Jing , Wang Hui‐Xin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundA growing number of people suffered from depression. This study examined the depression prevalence in workers across 10 European countries plus Israel and the reciprocal associations between job strain and depression.MethodsThe study population consisted of 7,879 workers aged 50–63 years at baseline (2004) from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Job demands (physical or psychosocial) and job control variables were derived from the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Two 4‐category job strains (physical and psychosocial) were obtained based on the cross‐tabulation of these dichotomized demands and control variables. There were 4,284 depression‐free, 3,259 high physical strain‐free and 3,195 high psychosocial strain‐free participants at baseline who were followed up for 2 years to detect incident depression, high physical job strain, or high psychosocial strain, respectively. The reciprocal associations between job strain and depression were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression and multivariate multilevel logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe prevalence of depression varied from the lowest 12.5% in Germany to the highest 27.2% in France. Compared to individuals with low strain, a significantly higher risk of depression were found in individuals with high physical strain (OR = 1.39) and high psychosocial strain (OR = 1.55), after adjusting for potential confounders. Depression at baseline was not significantly associated with subsequent high job strain. Similar results were observed from multilevel models that took into consideration of the potential country‐level influences.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depression varies across countries in Europe. Avoiding high job strain may be an effective preventive strategy to prevent depression epidemic.
Chemosensitizing Effect of Cernumidine Extracted from Solanum cernuum on Bladder Cancer Cells in Vitro
Authors: Miranda Mariza A. , Mondal Arindam , Sachdeva Mandip , Cabral Hamilton , Neto Youssef A. A. H. , Khan Ikhlas , Groppo Milton , McChesney James D. , Bastos Jairo K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCernumidine (CER) is a guanidinic alkaloid isolated from Solanum cernuum leaves. In this work, we investigated the cytotoxicity, chemosensitizing effect of cernumidine to cisplatin (cDDP) and the possible mechanism of action of the combination on bladder cancer cells. Cernumidine showed cytotoxicity and could sensitize bladder cancer cells to cisplatin. The combination of CER+cDDP inhibited cell migration on T24 cells. CER+cDDP down‐regulated MMP‐2/9 and p‐ERK1/2, while it increased EGFR activity corroborating the observed cell migration inhibition. Down‐regulation of Bcl‐2 and up‐regulation pro‐apoptotic Bax and further depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) indicates that mitochondria play a central role in the combination treatment inducing the mitochondrial signaling pathway of apoptosis in T24 cells. Our data showed that the alkaloid cernumidine is worthy of further studies as a chemosensitizing agent to be used in complementary chemotherapy.
Effects of mechanical vibration on cell morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, and cytokine expression/secretion in osteocyte‐like MLO‐Y4 cells exposed to high glucose
Authors: Sun Tao , Yan Zedong , Cai Jing , Shao Xi , Wang Dan , Ding Yuanjun , Feng Ying , Yang Jingyue , Luo Erping , Feng Xue , Jing Da 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDiabetic patients exhibit significant bone deterioration. Our recent findings demonstrate that mechanical vibration is capable of resisting diabetic bone loss, whereas the relevant mechanism remains unclear. We herein examined the effects of mechanical vibration on the activities and functions of osteocytes (the most abundant and well‐recognized mechanosensitive cells in the bone) exposed to high glucose (HG). The osteocytic MLO‐Y4 cells were incubated with 50 mM HG for 24 h, and then stimulated with 1 h/day mechanical vibration (0.5 g, 45 Hz) for 3 days. We found that mechanical vibration significantly increased the proliferation and viability of MLO‐Y4 cells under the HG environment via the MTT, BrdU, and Cell Viability Analyzer assays. The apoptosis detection showed that HG‐induced apoptosis in MLO‐Y4 cells was inhibited by mechanical vibration. Moreover, increased cellular area, microfilament density, and anisotropy in HG‐incubated MLO‐Y4 cells were observed after mechanical vibration via the F‐actin fluorescence staining. The real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting results demonstrated that mechanical vibration significantly upregulated the gene and protein expression of Wnt3a, β‐catenin, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and decreased the sclerostin, DKK1, and receptor activator for nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) expression in osteocytes exposed to HG. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay assays showed that mechanical vibration promoted the secretion of prostaglandin E2 and OPG, and inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor‐α and RANKL in the supernatant of HG‐treated MLO‐Y4 cells. Together, this study demonstrates that mechanical vibration improves osteocytic architecture and viability, and regulates cytokine expression and secretion in the HG environment, and implies the potential great contribution of the modulation of osteocytic activities in resisting diabetic osteopenia/osteoporosis by mechanical vibration.
Cold sintering to form bulk maghemite for characterization beyond magnetic properties
Authors: Spencer Mychal P. , Lee Wonho , Alsaati Albraa , Breznak Corey M. , Braga Nogueira Branco Ricardo , Dai Jingyao , Gomez Enrique D. , Marconnet Amy , von Lockette Paris , Yamamoto Namiko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMaghemite nanoparticles have been sought after for electronic, biomedical, and environment applications, for their soft ferrimagnetic properties and large coercivity. While their magnetic properties are well characterized, their nonmagnetic properties are currently not available because maghemite is prepared as nanoparticles and their bulk forms often have contaminants. In this work, thermodynamically unstable maghemite nanoparticles are cold sintered (130‐250°C) to form bulk samples with submicron‐size grains. Electrical and thermal conductivities of maghemite were evaluated for the first time: 3.5 × 10−7 S/m and 0.86‐1.30 W/(mK). The relative densities of these cold‐sintered samples are low (55.9%‐64.2%) but comparable with or slightly lower than those previously achieved with higher sintering temperature (~55% at 500°C and ~76% at 1250°C). Such porous maghemite samples with large surface areas can potentially be used as an anode of lithium‐ion batteries, while further densification will be pursued in the future by sintering process modification.
Utilization pattern and service settings of palliative care for patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Huo Jinhai , Hong Young‐Rock , Turner Kea , Bian Jiang , Grewal Reetu , Wilkie Diana J. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundAlthough the benefits of palliative care for patients with cancer has been well established, the current utilization pattern remains largely unknown. The authors investigated the temporal trends and service settings of palliative care among Medicare beneficiaries with newly diagnosed, metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsIn total, 69,414 patients with NSCLC were identified between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2013 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare–linked database. Temporal trends in palliative care use and the temporal shift in palliative care service settings were assessed using the Cochran‐Armitage test. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify predictors for the receipt of palliative care, controlling for patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsFifteen percent (10,359) of patients with NSCLC received palliative care within 1 year of a diagnosis of metastatic NSCLC. The proportion of beneficiaries receiving palliative care increased from 3.6% in 2001 to 31.9% in 2013 (P for trend <.001). Multivariable analyses demonstrated that receipt of palliative care varied significantly by sex, race, and region. Most patients (53.5%) had their first receipt of palliative care in a hospital. Less than one‐third of patients (27.6%) received palliative care in an outpatient setting or received palliative care in more than 1 service setting (26.3%) in 2013.ConclusionsThe number of patients with metastatic NSCLC receiving palliative care has increased substantially. Although the hospital‐based program is still the main form of palliative care delivery, more patients in recent years have received palliative care services in multiple locations.