bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geophysical evidence that Saturn’s Moon Phoebe originated from a C-type asteroid reservoir
Authors: Castillo-Rogez Julie , Vernazza Pierre , Walsh Kevin 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Saturn’s Moon Phoebe has been suggested to originate from the Kuiper Belt. However, its density is twice that of Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) in the same size class, which challenges that relationship. Since the internal evolution of mid-sized planetesimals (100–300 km in diameter) is primarily driven by the amount of accreted short-lived radioisotopes, it is possible to constrain the relative times of formation of these bodies based on their bulk porosity content, hence their densities. From modelling the thermal evolution of KBOs, we infer a difference in formation timing between these bodies and Phoebe. This confirms prior suggestions for a delayed accretion timeframe with increasing distance from the Sun. This geophysical finding combined with spectral observations suggests Phoebe formed in the same region as C-type asteroids and support recent dynamical models for a C-type body reservoir between the orbits of the giant planets. On the other hand, the similarly low densities of mid-sized D-type asteroids, Trojan asteroids, and KBOs add to the growing evidence that these objects shared a common reservoir near or beyond the orbit of Neptune and were heat starved overall.
Stellar influence on heavy ion escape from unmagnetized exoplanets
Authors: Egan Hilary , Jarvinen Riku , Brain David 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Planetary habitability is in part determined by the atmospheric evolution of a planet; one key component of such evolution is escape of heavy ions to space. Ion-loss processes are sensitive to the plasma environment of the planet, dictated by the stellar wind and stellar radiation. These conditions are likely to vary from what we observe in our own Solar system when considering a planet in the habitable zone around an M-dwarf. Here, we use a hybrid global plasma model to perform a systematic study of the changing plasma environment and ion escape as a function of stellar input conditions, which are designed to mimic those of potentially habitable planets orbiting M-dwarfs. We begin with a nominal case of a solar wind experienced at Mars today, and incrementally modify the interplanetary magnetic field orientation and strength, dynamic pressure, and Extreme Ultraviolet input. We find that both ion-loss morphology and overall rates vary significantly, and in cases where the stellar wind pressure was increased, the ion loss began to be diffusion or production limited with roughly half of all produced ions being lost. This limit implies that extreme care must be taken when extrapolating loss processes observed in the Solar system to extreme environments.
Detection of a giant white-light flare on an L2.5 dwarf with the Next Generation Transit Survey
Authors: Jackman James A G , Wheatley Peter J , Bayliss Daniel , Burleigh Matthew R , Casewell Sarah L , Eigmüller Philipp , Goad Mike R , Pollacco Don , Raynard Liam , Watson Christopher A , West Richard G 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present the detection of a ΔV ∼ −10 flare from the ultracool L2.5 dwarf ULAS J224940.13−011236.9 with the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS). The flare was detected in a targeted search of late-type stars in NGTS full-frame images and represents one of the largest flares ever observed from an ultracool dwarf. This flare also extends the detection of white-light flares to stars with temperatures below 2000 K. We calculate the energy of the flare to be $3.4^{+0.9}_{-0.7}\times 10^{33}$ erg, making it an order of magnitude more energetic than the Carrington event on the Sun. Our data show how the high-cadence NGTS full-frame images can be used to probe white-light flaring behaviour in the latest spectral types.
DNA barcodes for rapid, whole genome, single-molecule analyses
Authors: Wand Nathaniel O , Smith Darren A , Wilkinson Andrew A , Rushton Ashleigh E , Busby Stephen J W , Styles Iain B , Neely Robert K 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We report an approach for visualizing DNA sequence and using these ‘DNA barcodes’ to search complex mixtures of genomic material for DNA molecules of interest. We demonstrate three applications of this methodology; identifying specific molecules of interest from a dataset containing gigabasepairs of genome; identification of a bacterium from such a dataset and, finally, by locating infecting virus molecules in a background of human genomic material. As a result of the dense fluorescent labelling of the DNA, individual barcodes of the order 40 kb pairs in length can be reliably identified. This means DNA can be prepared for imaging using standard handling and purification techniques. The recorded dataset provides stable physical and electronic records of the total genomic content of a sample that can be readily searched for a molecule or region of interest.
Staged Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) Treatments to Left Insular Low-Grade Glioma
Authors: Hafez Daniel M , Liekweg Caroline , Leuthardt Eric C 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Low-grade insular gliomas remain challenging tumors for aggressive resection because of the numerous functional and vascular structures surrounding them. Because of the potential morbidities associated with open surgical resection, less invasive techniques may confer a more optimal balance between cytoreduction and surgical complications. For this reason, we evaluated the use of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for resection of a dominant hemisphere oligodendroglioma World Health Organization (WHO) grade II in a 68-yr-old patient by use of multiple staged surgeries for its resection.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Patient KK was a 68-yr-old female who was found to have a large, left-sided insular mass that was shown to be an oligodendroglioma WHO grade II, positive for codeletion 1p/19q and IDH1 mutant on biopsy. Over the course of 3 mo, KK underwent 2 stages of LITT, targeting different areas of the 5-cm tumor. The 60-d magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a reduction in size of the tumor from 5.2 × 3.3 × 2.4 cm to 3.6 × 1.9 × 1.4 cm. She returned for a second stage targeting the anterior portion of the tumor. KK did well postoperatively and went on to postsurgical chemoradiation. At the 2-yr follow-up, the lesion showed near resolution on MRI.

CONCLUSION
This case report demonstrates successful use of LITT for staged surgeries to treat a left hemisphere-dominant insular lesion. This establishes the use of LITT as a viable, minimally invasive option to treat tumors that are difficult to access or pose concerns for increased morbidity through an open surgery.
Fish–derived proteins and their potential to improve human health
Authors: Dale Hanna Fjeldheim , Madsen Lise , Lied Gülen Arslan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Emerging evidence from studies evaluating the effect of lean fish consumption in humans suggests that proteins from fish have several beneficial metabolic effects. Rest, or waste, material from the fishing industry contains high-quality proteins, and utilization of this material offers novel possibilities for the development of protein-containing products that might be beneficial for human consumption. Fish-derived peptides containing bioactive amino acid sequences suggested to beneficially influence pathways involved in body composition, hypertension, lipid profile, and regulation of glucose metabolism are of particular interest, although the results of published studies are conflicting. This review aims to summarize current knowledge from animal studies and clinical interventions in humans evaluating the effects of lean fish, fish proteins, and fish-derived peptides on outcomes related to metabolic health. Fish proteins have a high content of taurine, and animal trials suggest that taurine mediates some of the beneficial effects observed thus far, although the mechanisms by which fish peptides exert their action are not yet elucidated. At this time, the literature is inconsistent, and there is insufficient mechanistic evidence to support a beneficial effect of fish-derived peptides on metabolic health.
Trade, Merchants, and the Lost Cities of the Bronze Age*
Authors: Barjamovic Gojko , Chaney Thomas , Coşar Kerem , Hortaçsu Ali 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe analyze a large data set of commercial records produced by Assyrian merchants in the nineteenth century BCE. Using the information from these records, we estimate a structural gravity model of long-distance trade in the Bronze Age. We use our structural gravity model to locate lost ancient cities. In many cases, our estimates confirm the conjectures of historians who follow different methodologies. In some instances, our estimates confirm one conjecture against others. We also structurally estimate ancient city sizes and offer evidence in support of the hypothesis that large cities tend to emerge at the intersections of natural transport routes, as dictated by topography. Finally, we document persistent patterns in the distribution of city sizes across four millennia, find a distance elasticity of trade in the Bronze Age close to modern estimates, and show suggestive evidence that the distribution of ancient city sizes, inferred from trade data, is well approximated by Zipf’s law.
Our Forgotten Constitutional Guardians: Preserving Respect for the Law
Authors: Jones Brian Christopher 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A focus on back-end constitutional actors remains the norm when we think of typical constitutional guardians. This piece challenges that perception, examining the uniquely situated UK constitution, with a focus on two significant front-end constitutional guardians: bill drafters within the Office of Parliamentary Counsel and senior clerks within the House of Commons. These two groups of actors provide a first—and in some cases possibly even the last—port of call for assessing the constitutionality of legislation. Yet after another period of constitutional change, they appear to have been largely forgotten in the literature. This is unfortunate, as research interviews with both groups, and also with experts of the legislative process, demonstrate that these actors remain key players in the UK constitutional system. Furthermore, these two groups are essential to upholding our respect for the law, at a time when disenchantment for parliamentary democracy appears to be growing.
Predictors of HIV Risk Reduction in Adolescent Girls
Authors: Long-Middleton Ellen R. , Burke Pamela J. , Rankin Sally H. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to explore the associations among mastery, self-esteem, and HIV risk reduction behaviors in a culturally diverse group of adolescent girls. It is important to identify and assess psychological determinants of HIV risk reduction behaviors such as mastery and self-esteem so that healthcare interventions may be tailored to maximize an adolescent's preventive efforts.

Study Design and Methods:
Black, Latina, and White adolescent girls were recruited from an urban primary care setting in a tertiary care center. A descriptive, correlational design was used. Measures included the Pearlin Mastery Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Adolescent Problem Severity Index. Data were collected through written surveys completed anonymously. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

Results:
There were 224 participants. Mastery and self-esteem, variables that commonly explain health-enhancing behaviors, were not associated with HIV risk reduction behaviors either in the entire sample or cultural subgroups. There was an inverse relationship between age and HIV risk reduction behaviors in all cultural groups. There were no significant differences in HIV risk reduction behaviors among the three cultural groups.

Clinical Nursing Implications:
Findings suggest HIV prevention efforts by nurses should be universal regardless of an adolescent girl's presumed level of mastery and self-esteem, and that these efforts need to intensify as they age.
Cardiometabolic Challenges Provided by Variable Assisted Exoskeletal Versus Overground Walking in Chronic Motor-incomplete Paraplegia: A Case Series
Authors: Kressler Jochen , Domingo Antoinette 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose:
People with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience secondary complications including low levels of cardiometabolic activity and associated health risks. It is unknown whether overground bionic ambulation (OBA) enhances cardiometabolic challenge during walking in those with motor-incomplete SCI, thereby providing additional therapeutic benefits.

Case Descriptions:
One man and one woman with chronic motor-incomplete paraplegia due to SCI.

Intervention:
Assessment of functional walking capacity with the 10-m and 6-minute walk tests. Participants underwent cardiometabolic measurements including heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (

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), energy expenditure (EE), and substrate utilization patterns during OBA and overground walking for 6 minutes each.

Outcomes:
The female participant had low functional walking capacity (walking speed = 0.23 m/s; 6-minute walk = 230 ft). She had higher cardiorespiratory responses during OBA versus overground walking (Δ

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= −3.6 mL/kg/min, ΔEE = 12 kcal) despite similar mean HR values (ΔHR = −1 beats per minute). She was able to sustain continuous walking only during the OBA trial. The male participant had greater walking capacity (walking speed = 0.33 m/s, 6 minutes = 386ft) and lower responses during OBA versus overground walking (Δ

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= −6.0 mL/kg/min, ΔEE = −18 kcal, ΔHR = −6 beats per minute). He was able to walk continuously in both conditions.

Discussion:
The participant with lower walking capacity experienced a higher cardiometabolic challenge and was able to sustain exercise efforts for longer period with OBA versus overground walking. Therefore, OBA presents a superior alternative to overground training for cardiometabolic conditioning and associated health benefits in this participant. For the participant with higher walking capacity, OBA represented a lower challenge and appears to be an inferior cardiometabolic training option to overground walking. The cardiometabolic response to OBA differs depending on functional capacity; OBA warrants study as an approach to cardiometabolic training for individuals with motor-incomplete SCI who have limited lower extremity function.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A259).
Substance Use in a Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Patient Population
Authors: Moore Jessica L. , Goldberg Amy P. , Barron Christine 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Substance use and abuse have been documented as both a risk factor in and consequence of involvement in domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST). Domestic minor sex trafficking is defined as the commercial sexual exploitation of children in exchange for money, food, shelter, or any other valued entity. The current investigation sought to describe substance use in a cohort of DMST patients who present for medical evaluation. Findings revealed that 68 patients referred for DMST involvement reported high rates of alcohol/substance use and parental substance abuse. Further, many patients who had a urine toxicology screen had a positive result, most often identifying the presence of cannabinoids. Our data may inform the importance of comprehensive assessments and specialized interventions for substance abuse in this unique patient population.
Atypical Presentation of Chiari I Malformation in a 13-Year-Old Adolescent
Authors: Bronheim Rachel S. , Tyagi Rachana 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this report, we describe a 13-year-old with opisthotonos as the presenting symptom of Chiari I malformation. This presentation is rare and has previously been reported only in infants. We describe the physical and radiologic findings, literature regarding Chiari malformation, and differential diagnosis of opisthotonos in this patient.
A Call to Restore Your Calling
Authors: Mull Colette C. , Thompson Amy D. , Selbst Steven M. , Miller Elissa G. , Rappaport David I. , Gartner J. Carlton , Bowman Wesley R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Few practicing emergency physicians will avoid life-changing stressors such as a medical error, personal illness, malpractice litigation, or death of a patient. Many will be unprepared for the toll they will take on their lives. Some may ultimately experience burnout, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal ideation. Medical education, continuing education, and maintenance of certification programs do not teach physicians to recognize helplessness, moral distress, or maladaptive coping mechanisms in themselves. Academic physicians receive little instruction on how to teach trainees and medical students the art of thriving through life-changing stressors in their career paths. Most importantly, handling a life-changing stressor is that much more overwhelming today, as physicians struggle to meet the daily challenge of providing the best patient care in a business-modeled health care environment where profit-driven performance measures (eg, productivity tracking, patient reviews) can conflict with the quality of medical care they wish to provide.
Using personal vignettes and with a focus on the emergency department setting, this 6-article series examines the impact life-changing stressors have on physicians, trainees, and medical students. The authors identify internal constraints that inhibit healthy coping and tools for individuals, training programs, and health care organizations to consider adopting, as they seek to increase physician satisfaction and retention. The reader will learn to recognize physician distress and acquire strategies for self-care and peer support. The series will highlight the concept that professional fulfillment requires ongoing attention and is a work in progress.
Incidentally Detected Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma on 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT
Authors: Raghavan Kesav , Wen Kwun Wah , Small Eric J. , Ha Patrick , Flavell Robert R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present a case of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue base incidentally detected on 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT. A 79-year-old man with history of locally advanced prostate cancer (Gleason score 4 + 5 = 9; cT2cN1M0) previously treated with androgen deprivation therapy (luprolide + bicalutamide) presented with a slowly rising serum prostate-specific antigen over 3 years, concerning for recurrent disease. 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT, obtained to identify potential sites of recurrence, demonstrated prostate bed uptake with possible left seminal vesicle involvement. Additionally, an exophytic, tracer-avid right tongue base mass was incidentally noted and later confirmed to be p16+ SCC on biopsy.
Diffuse Subcutaneous and Muscular Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Shao Dan , Wang Shuxia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare cancer that represents a set of pathological outcomes due to the abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells, which is more commonly seen in pediatric patients. FDG PET/CT findings of an adult LCH patient with extensive infiltration in the subcutaneous tissue and muscles was described in this case.
Inadvertent Injection of a Breast Implant During Lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: Manganaro Mark S. , Millet John D. , Manganaro Matthew S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A 34-year-old woman with history of bilateral saline implants, invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast, and suspicious left breast calcifications was referred for left breast lymphoscintigraphy before bilateral mastectomy. A total of 3.2 mCi of 99mTc-filtered sulfur colloid was administered with 3 subdermal injections in the superior, lateral, and inferior periareolar left breast in the late afternoon preceding the day of surgery. Imaging identified radiotracer uptake within a dense, circular area deep to the injection sites within the left breast, compatible with implant puncture and radiotracer administration within the indwelling breast implant.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Urachal Abscess
Authors: Flaus Anthime , Longo Maria-Giulia , Dematons Marine , Granjon Denise , Prevot Nathalie 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We report interesting images of a pelvic mass in an 11-year-old girl. She presented with fever, chronic fatigue, and weight loss without abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasound, contrast-enhanced CT, and 18F-FDG PET/CT were equivocal. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed an irregular, intense FDG-avid pelvic mass in close contact with the bladder. Both infectious and malignancy complications were suspected, but pathological examination confirmed a urachal abscess. As most of the urachal carcinomas are mucinous adenocarcinomas with low or non-FDG uptake, intense uptake might indicate an abscess rather than a carcinoma.
Uncommon Penio-Scrotal Metastases of Prostate Cancer Detected on 68Ga PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Seniaray Nikhil , Verma Ritu , Khanna Sudhir , Belho Ethel , Malik Dharmender 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A 68-year-old man, a known case of carcinoma prostate (Gleason score 4 + 4), status post transurethral resection of prostate cancer and radiotherapy, on hormonal treatment with rising prostate-specific antigen 9.0 ng/mL and penile swelling underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan for metastatic workup and restaging. The study revealed abnormal tracer uptake in the prostatic bed region, the pelvic and inguinal lymph nodes, and metastases to the glans of penis and scrotum. The penile and scrotal lesion was proved to be metastatic adenocarcinoma from prostate on fine-needle aspiration cytology.
High Patient Satisfaction With Local Anesthesia and Light Sedation in a Novel Fast-Track Setup for Sacrospinous Fixation
Authors: Lydiksen Henriette Arenholt , Glavind-Kristensen Marianne , Greisen Susanne 
Published: March 2019

Objectives
Simple prolapse operations can be performed using local anesthesia. However, this has not been the case for advanced pelvic organ prolapse operations. The aim of this study was to investigate the patient-reported feasibility and acceptability of local anesthesia and light sedation for sacrospinous fixation (SSF).

Methods
This is a prospective observational study on 105 women who underwent SSF in a public outpatient setting from April 2016 to October 2017. They received infiltration anesthesia with mepivacaine or lidocaine together with a pudendal nerve block with Marcaine. Local anesthesia was supplemented by intravenous light sedation and pain reliever. A Local Anesthetic Intraoperative Experience Questionnaire was used to evaluate patient experience.

Results
One patient was converted to general anesthesia. Eighty-eight women answered the questionnaires. Ninety-nine percent defined themselves as satisfied or very satisfied with the anesthesia. Little or no pain during the operation was reported by 92% and 92% would choose the same type of anesthesia again. No adverse effect of the anesthetic procedure was observed. The median (range) admission time was 12 (4.5–48) hours, and 81% of the patients could be discharged on the day of surgery. At follow-up after 8 weeks and 6 months, no patients reported adverse events to the anesthesia.

Conclusions
The SSF can be performed using local anesthesia and light sedation with high degree of patient satisfaction. These preliminary data indicate that the concept of ambulatory surgery might be implemented more widely if the use of local anesthesia is also applied to more advanced surgical procedures.