bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Downscaling Land Surface Temperature by Using Normalized Difference Sand Index
Authors: Pan Xin , Zhu Xi , Yang Yingbao , Cao Chen , Zhang Xize , Shan Liangliang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLand surface temperature (LST) in coarse spatial resolution derived from thermal infrared satellite images has limited use in many remote sensing applications. In this study, we improve our previous approach (multiple remote-sensing index approach of random forest) to downscale LST derived from Landsat 8 and MODIS in an arid oasis - desert ecotone of Zhangye city by designing a normalized difference sand index (NDSI), by the removal of land cover datasets and by the input of SAVI, NDBI and NDWI to downscale LST. Our result demonstrates that NDSI can determine the characteristic of the desert region, and that the distribution of downscaled LST matches those of oasis-desert ecosystems. Relative to the ground observation of HiWATER, our approach also produces relatively satisfactory downscaling results at July 21 (2013), with R2 and root-mean-square error of 0.99 and 1.25 K, respectively. Compared with other methods, our approach demonstrates higher accuracy and minimization of the retrieved Landsat 8 LST in the desert region. Optimal availability occurs in the vegetation and desert region. Our approach is suitable to LST downscaling in all seasons, especially in spring and summer. The model can further be applied in middle-high and middle-low spatial resolutions. The usefulness of the model is relatively satisfactory in the humid region (Nanjing city) but less accurate in the arid region.
Pharmacological treatment with galectin-1 protects against renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Carlos Carla P. , Silva Analice A. , Gil Cristiane D. , Oliani Sonia M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGalectin-1 protein (GAL-1) has important anti-inflammatory properties, but related pharmacologic approaches to effectively treat or prevent renal ischaemia and reperfusion injury are highly limited. Here, we investigated the effect of GAL-1 in a renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury rat model and an in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation model with a proximal renal tubular epithelial cell line. In vivo, pretreatment with GAL-1 attenuated the renal parameters changed by ischaemia-reperfusion/hypoxia-reoxygenation, with recovery of renal function, protecting against influx of leukocytes, cell death and oxidative stress. Ischaemia-reperfusion/hypoxia-reoxygenation was also associated with increased renal endogenous expression of GAL-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) plus augmented levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1 and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 in urine, all of which were abrogated by GAL-1 treatment. In vitro studies demonstrated renal tubular epithelial cells as an important source of GAL-1 during hypoxia-reoxygenation and confirmed the protective effects of exogenous GAL-1 through downregulation of proinflammatory cytokine release by proximal renal tubular epithelial cells. Collectively, our findings confirm the important anti-inflammatory role of GAL-1 in kidney ischaemia and reperfusion injury and indicate its promising use as a therapeutic approach.
The Sound Produced by a Dripping Tap is Driven by Resonant Oscillations of an Entrapped Air Bubble
Authors: Phillips Samuel , Agarwal Anurag , Jordan Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper details an investigation into the characteristic ‘plink’ sound produced by water droplets impacting a liquid surface, such as those falling from a dripping tap. Modern high-speed video and audio capture techniques have been applied to this problem for the first time. Previous literature investigating the underwater sound produced has been validated, with the key sound producing feature both above and below the water confirmed to be the entrainment of a small underwater air bubble. Recorded sound frequencies have been shown to align with the theoretical natural oscillation frequency of the entrained bubble, confirming this to be the driver of the characteristic ‘plink’ sound. For the first time these oscillations of the entrained bubble have been directly observed on video footage. An investigation into the effect of underwater reverberation showed that the airborne sound field is not simply the underwater field propagating through the water-air interface, as had previously been assumed. An alternative hypothesis is that the oscillating bubble induces oscillations of the water surface itself, giving a more efficient mechanism by which the underwater bubble drives the airborne sound field. A model for this new hypothesis produces good agreement with experimental data.
Stratification Modelling of Key Bacterial Taxa Driven by Metabolic Dynamics in Meromictic Lakes
Authors: Zhu Kaicheng , Lauro Federico M. , Su Haibin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn meromictic lakes, the water column is stratified into distinguishable steady layers with different physico-chemical properties. The bottom portion, known as monimolimnion, has been studied for the functional stratification of microbial populations. Recent experiments have reported the profiles of bacterial and nutrient spatial distributions, but quantitative understanding is invoked to unravel the underlying mechanism of maintaining the discrete spatial organization. Here a reaction-diffusion model is developed to highlight the spatial pattern coupled with the light-driven metabolism of bacteria, which is resilient to a wide range of dynamical correlation between bacterial and nutrient species at the molecular level. Particularly, exact analytical solutions of the system are presented together with numerical results, in a good agreement with measurements in Ace lake and Rogoznica lake. Furthermore, one quantitative prediction is reported here on the dynamics of the seasonal stratification patterns in Ace lake. The active role played by the bacterial metabolism at microscale clearly shapes the biogeochemistry landscape of lake-wide ecology at macroscale.
New plasma preparation approach to enrich metabolome coverage in untargeted metabolomics: plasma protein bound hydrophobic metabolite release with proteinase K
Authors: Wawrzyniak Renata , Kosnowska Anna , Macioszek Szymon , Bartoszewski Rafał , Jan Markuszewski Michał 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPlasma untargeted metabolomics is a common method for evaluation of the mechanisms underlying human pathologies and identification of novel biomarkers. The plasma proteins provide the environment for transport of hydrophobic metabolites. The current sample preparation protocol relies on the immediate precipitation of proteins and thus leads to co-precipitation of a significant fraction of hydrophobic metabolites. Here we present a new simple procedure that overcomes the co-precipitation problem and improves metabolome coverage. Introducing an additional step preceding the protein precipitation, namely limited digestion with proteinase K, allows release of associated metabolites through the relaxation of the native proteins tertiary structure. The modified protocol allows clear detection of hydrophobic metabolites including fatty acids and phospholipids. Considering the potential involvement of the hydrophobic metabolites in human cardiovascular and cancer diseases, the method may constitute a novel approach in plasma untargeted metabolomics.
Tolerability and Efficacy of Ipragliflozin in The Management of Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Elgebaly Ahmed , Abdelazeim Nesrine , Abdelazeim Bassant , El Ashal Gehad , Mattar Omar , Namous Lubaba , Nasreldin Noha 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAim Ipragliflozin is a new antidiabetic agent that works through enhancing renal glucose excretion. We aim to synthesize evidence from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the safety and efficacy of ipragliflozin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central register of clinical trials using relevant keywords. Records were screened for eligible studies and data were extracted and synthesized using Review Manager Version 5.3 for windows. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted.Results We included 13 RCTs (N=2535 patients) in the final analysis. The overall effect estimates favoured ipragliflozin 50mg monotherapy group over placebo in terms of: HbA1c (Standardized mean difference (SMD)=-1.20%, 95% Confidence interval (95% CI)=[-1.47, -0.93]; p<0.001), fasting plasma glucose (SMD=-1.30 mg/dL, 95% CI [−1.93, −0.67]; p<0.001), fasting serum insulin (SMD=−1.64 μU/mL, 95% CI [−2.70, −0.59]; p=0.002), and body weight (SMD=−0.85 kg, 95% CI [−1.19, −0.51]; p<0.001). Similarly, better glycemic control and significant body weight reduction compared to placebo were attained in ipragliflozin 50 mg combination with metformin, insulin with/without dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sulfonylurea, and pioglitazone. Ipragliflozin, either alone or in combination, exhibits acceptable safety profile.Conclusion The presented meta-analysis provides class one evidence that ipragliflozin is safe and effective in the management of T2DM either as monotherapy or an add-on.
Immunological Emergency in Neonate: Case Report and Role of Early Screening
Authors: Samedi Veronica , Shafey Amy , Al Awad Essa , Favela Luis 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHealthy looking newborns may have severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and neonatologists frequently are the first physicians to encounter these patients. Physicians usually have a high index of suspicion for this condition in presence of certain risk factors (unexplained infants' deaths, consanguinity); however, >80% of infants with SCID have no positive family history. A timely diagnosis of this condition is crucial in decreasing both mortality and morbidity. The only way to detect SCID prior to the onset of infections is newborn screening (NBS). In term infants, NBS has 99.99% sensitivity for SCID, with no false negatives. In preterm infants, screening is less accurate due to a lack of standard T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) values in this age group. We report a case of SCID in term infants born to consanguineous parents who were presented with clinical and laboratory findings of erythroderma, severe infection, failure to thrive, eosinophilia, and elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) together with immunodeficiency. A timely diagnosis was followed by successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) therapy.
Liver Biopsy
Authors: Attaya Mohamed , Thabet Ashraf 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLiver biopsies are among the most common procedures performed by the interventional radiologist. Liver biopsies may be performed through the percutaneous or transjugular approaches. Ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used for imaging guidance. Transjugular liver biopsies are generally reserved for specific circumstances in which the percutaneous method is associated with increased risk to the patient, such as coagulopathy, or when portal pressure measurements are desired. In addition, endobiliary biopsy through percutaneous transhepatic tracts may be an important means of assessing biliary strictures when the endoscopic route is impossible. This article serves as a general review of the multiple diagnostic hepatic interventions that may be performed by the interventional radiologist.
Visual factors in writing system variation
Authors: Chang Li-Yun (Wendy) , Perfetti Charles A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We examine the visual properties of graphic forms and the role they play in reading within and across writing systems. We argue that writing-system factors determine the complexity of graphic forms, which affects perceptual processes in reading. We review studies we have carried out on graph complexity, including a description of GraphCom, a multidimensional system for quantifying complexity that we applied to 131 orthographies. We suggest that meeting the challenges of complexity leads to increased perceptual skills and report a comparison of the two scripts of Chinese, the most complex among the world’s writing systems. Use of the more complex traditional script is associated with greater perceptual performance compared with the simplified script, lending support to this suggestion.
How do phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and vocabulary knowledge relate to word reading within and between English and Chinese?
Authors: Koh Poh Wee , Chen Xi , Gottardo Alexandra 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We discuss the cross-language relationships of phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and vocabulary in the context of English and Chinese and also how these three constructs are related to word reading within and between the two languages. We focused on a series of studies that have examined Chinese and English monolinguals, as well as Chinese-English bilinguals. Research supports the contributions of phonological awareness and morphological awareness to reading in English and Chinese, as well as across the two languages. Findings pertaining to vocabulary, however, have been mixed. The review of research here suggests the need to further investigate the inter-relations among subcomponents of phonological awareness and morphological awareness as well as how different aspects of vocabulary knowledge relate to word reading.
The intertwining effects of first language and learning context on the bilingual mental lexicon
Authors: Akamatsu Nobuhiko 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This study examined the possible effects of learners’ first language (L1) and learning context on the mental structures of second language (L2) polysemous words: the English prepositions at, in, and on. The study found that Japanese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) who had lived in an English-speaking country had developed native-like mental structures of the three prepositions. By contrast, those with little or no experience living in an English-speaking country showed native-like mental structures only for on – the preposition denoting the most concrete notion among the three prepositions. These findings suggest that learners’ L1 may affect their mental representations of L2 prepositions, particularly those denoting abstract notions, but significant L2 exposure can diminish such L1 effects.
Why linguistics needs an historically oriented Arabic linguistics
Authors: Owens Jonathan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
One of the more recent, and certainly one of the most empirically well-founded accounts of language change is Labov’s (2007)
division between transmission and diffusion. The former results in gradual change via incrementation, the latter in larger and
irregular change. This study examines the generality of this distinction, which was based on American vowel systems, against
the rich history of Arabic. Five case studies are described in which it is shown that Arabic, like English, has striking
instances of language stability across varieties as geo-diachronically separated as Emirati and Nigerian Arabic. By the same
token, there are equally striking instances of widespread change due to contact. It is argued that in only one of these, Nubi
(Creole Arabic), can diffusional changes be considered irregular, while in three others, Baghdadi Arabic (phonology),
Uzbekistan or Central Asian Mixed Arabic (morphology and syntax) and Nigerian Arabic (semantics of idioms), the changes though
of differing degrees of magnitude in their outcomes, cannot be said to be irregular. The study highlights two points: global
criteria for defining the outcomes of transmission vs. diffusion are elusive, and Arabic, because of the ability to
triangulate into different phases of its past, offers an unusually interesting insight into the workings of historical
linguistic processes.
Contact-induced change from a speakers’ perspective
Authors: Serreli Valentina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The article presents the speakers’ perception of contact-induced linguistic change in the Egyptian oasis of Siwa, based on data
collected during the authors’ doctoral research (Serreli 2016). The research
explored language attitudes and ideologies in Siwa with a qualitative approach built on sociolinguistic and linguistic
anthropological theories. Linguistic change is presented by speakers as a generational variation; it is attributed to the
increased contact between the Siwi and Arabic languages that followed the wider socioeconomic change in the community in
recent decades. Moreover, Siwi speakers hold a variety of attitudes towards linguistic change, appreciating phenomena
perceived as adjustments to the current times, while criticizing those perceived as a betrayal or corruption of their native
language.
Rapid inflammation and early degeneration of bone and cartilage revealed in a time-course study of induced haemarthrosis in haemophilic rats
Authors: Christensen Kristine Rothaus , Kjelgaard-Hansen Mads , Nielsen Lise Nikolic , Wiinberg Bo , Alexander Althoehn Frederik , Bloksgaard Poulsen Niels , Kryger Vøls Kåre , Popp Thyme Anders , Maria Lövgren Karin , Kornerup Hansen Axel , Roepstorff Kirstine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesDetailed knowledge of the sequential cell and tissue responses following haemarthrosis is important for a deep understanding of the pathological process initiated upon extensive bleeding into the joint causing haemophilic arthropathy (HA). The underlying pathobiology driving haemarthrosis towards HA has been difficult to establish in detail, although animal models have shed light on some processes. Previous studies have focused on a single or a few distant time points and often only characterizing one tissue type of the joint. The objective of this study was, therefore, to carefully map early onset of synovitis and HA following induced haemarthrosis.MethodsOne hundred and thirty haemophilia A rats were subjected to induced haemarthrosis or a sham procedure in full anaesthesia and euthanized from 30 min to 7 days after the procedure. Pathological changes of the joints were visualized using micro-computed tomography, histology and immunohistochemistry.ResultsSynovitis developed within 24 h and was dominated by myeloid cell infiltrations. Cartilage and bone pathology were evident as early as 48–96 h after haemarthrosis, and the pathology rapidly progressed with extensive periosteal bone formation and formation of subchondral cysts.ConclusionFast, extensive and simultaneous cartilage and bone degeneration developed shortly after haemarthrosis, as shown by the detailed mapping of the early pathogenesis of HA. The almost immediate loss of cartilage and the pathological bone turnover suggest a direct influence of blood on these processes and are unlikely to be attributed simply to an indirect effect of inflammation.
Institutional pressures and corporate environmental management maturity
Authors: Gunarathne Nuwan , Lee Ki-Hoon 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how corporate environmental management strategies at different environmental management maturity (EMM) stages are influenced by institutional forces in the service sector organizations of a developing country.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used a multiple case study approach in this study. Institutional isomorphic pressures (coercive, mimetic and normative) at different EMM stages were used as the analytical framework.

Findings
The study finds coercive pressures largely shape the corporate environmental management strategies at the reactive stage while mimetic pressures have the greatest influence on the internal integration stage. Combined mimetic and normative pressures influence the environmental strategies at the external integration stage. Further, it emphasizes the importance of various institutional pressures in propelling the organizations in the developing countries to benefit from higher levels of EMM.

Originality/value
This paper offers a new theoretical approach that highlights the importance of considering the institutional influence of the top-down process of diffusion and simultaneous counter-process of invention by which the lower level organizational actors shape and change their environmental management practices for corporate EMM.
Object Afterlives and the Burden of History: Between “Trash” and “Heritage” in the Steps of Migrants
Authors: Soto Gabriella 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTWith modern ruins, there may be diverging perspectives about whether the sites or objects are unsightly waste or artifacts. Among the local communities who routinely come into contact with such ruins, this viewpoint is often actively negotiated, and with it, so is history itself. Scholars of contemporary archaeology discuss the value of tracing these negotiations to understand the wider political and cultural process of historical creation, or negation. The situation becomes more complex in the wake of tragedy or disaster. Here, I explore the relationship of stakeholders on the Arizona–Sonora international border to the material culture of undocumented migrants, the objects left behind along the clandestine wilderness routes of migrant travelers abandoned en masse to ruin, as if in the fallout of disaster. But this disaster is human made, the product of US border policy. I consider these objects as a form of modern ruins that occupy a politically laden dialectical space between trash and heritage, a negotiation with ramifications for border policy. [contemporary archaeology, ruins, trash, heritage, US‐Mexico border]