bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involving young people in drug and alcohol research
Authors: Brady Louca-Mai , Templeton Lorna , Toner Paul , Watson Judith , Evans David , Percy-Smith Barry , Copello Alex 
Published: March 2018

PurposeYoung people’s involvement should lead to research, and ultimately services, that better reflect young people’s priorities and concerns. Young people with a history of treatment for alcohol and/or drug problems were actively involved in the youth social behaviour and network therapy study. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of that involvement on the study and what was learnt about involving young people in drug and alcohol research.Design/methodology/approachThe initial plan was to form a young people’s advisory group (YPAG), but when this proved problematic the study explored alternative approaches in collaboration with researchers and young people. Input from 17 young people informed all key elements of the study.FindingsInvolvement of young people needs to be dynamic and flexible, with sensitivity to their personal experiences. Engagement with services was crucial both in recruiting young people and supporting their ongoing engagement. This research identified a need to critically reflect on the extent to which rhetorics of participation and involvement give rise to effective and meaningful involvement for young service users. It also highlights the need for researchers to be more flexible in response to young people’s personal circumstances, particularly when those young people are “less frequently heard”.Research limitations/implicationsThis research highlights the need for researchers to be more flexible in response to young people’s personal circumstances, particularly when those young people are “less frequently heard”. It highlights the danger of young people in drug and alcohol research being unintentionally disaffected from involvement through conventional approaches and instead suggests ways in which young people could be involved in influencing if and how they participate in research.Practical implicationsThere is an apparent contradiction between dominant discourses and cultures of health services research (including patient and public involvement) that often do not sit easily with ideas of co-production and young people-centred involvement. This paper provides an alternative approach to involvement of young people that can help to enable more meaningful and effective involvement.Originality/valueThe flexible and young people-centred model for involvement which emerged from this work provides a template for a different approach. This may be particularly useful for those who find current practice, such as YPAG, inaccessible.
Doctorateness and the DBA: what next?
Authors: Poole Brian 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) programmes currently offered by UK universities are appropriate to the needs of all stakeholders, including those of the experienced business and management professionals who enrol on them.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper proceeds to its conclusions by scrutinising DBA programme descriptors on UK university websites, by critically reviewing the content of recent academic papers on doctorates in the fields of business and management, and by considering current provision in the light of ongoing debates about the nature of “doctorateness” taking place in the field of doctoral education as a whole.

Findings
On the basis of a detailed review of relevant scholarly literature and of UK university website material, the paper concludes by suggesting, among other things, three possible futures for the DBA: one in which essentially the status quo prevails; a second in which all doctorates carry the award title PhD (though with two variants); and a third in which, in response to views expressed elsewhere in Europe, the current “professional doctorate” in business administration is no longer referred to as a “doctorate” but takes on a new title.

Originality/value
This paper is an original contribution to the debate about the value and purpose of professional doctorates (and, in particular of the DBA) to the professional development of experienced managers and to their skills in research and workplace problem solving and decision making.
Externalities and planning failure in the housing market of an African city
Authors: Akinbogun Solomon , Jones Colin 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Planning is logically applied to address negative externalities, but an alternative is financial compensation to the victim of negative spillover effects. This paper aims to examine the rent discount required to compensate tenants in an African city for a negative externality of the location of a grave within the bounds of their home. It also assesses the suitability of this as a remedy.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a discrete choice experiment to analyse tenants’ acceptability of the level of rent discounts when a grave is imposed on their home.

Findings
The study estimates that tenants in the Nigerian city of Akure require between 15 per cent and 20 per cent reduction in the rental value of a residential property to compensate for the imposition of a grave. However, many households would prefer to move elsewhere rather than negotiate a discount. Others, especially those on low incomes, were likely to suffer the loss of welfare without a rent discount. The study concludes that a compensatory approach is not an acceptable solution for welfare issues caused by the planning failure.

Research limitations/implications
The investigation is based on a hypothetical choice experiment. However, the results obtained are subject to a series of validation processes.

Practical implications
As reductions in the rent to compensate for the effect of a grave in a private home are unlikely in a market with excess demand, it is a clear argument for effective planning and environmental law.

Originality/value
This study is the first to assess the impact of negative externalities on the housing market of an African city.
Parental perspectives on video game genre preferences and motivations of children with Down syndrome
Authors: Prena Kelsey , Sherry John L. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Video games have the potential to improve brain plasticity in people with Down syndrome. However, little has been done to understand video game preferences in this population. The purpose of this paper is to describe a brief exploration of video game preferences in children with Down syndrome.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey was used to collect information from parents of children with Down syndrome about their child’s favorite video games and why they like video games.

Findings
Children with Down syndrome, as reported by their parents, most frequently play action/adventure games, and have several motivating factors for game play including overcoming challenges to gain reward and having fun engaging in the game world.

Research limitations/implications
The current study only recruited from a small sample of the Down syndrome population and therefore may lack generalizability.

Practical implications
Gaining a better understanding of which aspects of video games appeal to children with Down syndrome. Knowing what they prefer will enable us to design games that are engaging and cognitively beneficial.

Originality/value
This paper proposes the importance of video game play to promote development in children with Down syndrome.
Service Logic Business Model Canvas
Authors: Ojasalo Jukka , Ojasalo Katri 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a service logic oriented framework for business model development. “Service logic” covers the basic principles of the three contemporary customer value focused business logics: service-dominant logic, service logic and customer-dominant logic.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on an empirical qualitative research and deployed the focus group method. The data are generated in a series of interactive co-creative focus group workshops involving both practitioners and academics.FindingsAs the outcome, a new tool was developed, called Service Logic Business Model Canvas. The new canvas is a modified version of the original Business Model Canvas (Osterwalder and Pigneur, 2010).Research limitations/implicationsThis study adopts service logic in business model thinking and increases knowledge on how to keep the customer needs in the centre of business model development.Practical implicationsThe developed canvas makes the theory of service-dominant logic tangible and easily applicable in practice. It enables service innovation truly based on customer value by ensuring that the customer is in the centre of all the elements of a business model. It can function both as a rapid prototype of a new business model and as a communication tool that quickly illustrates the company’s current business model. It can also help in creating a customer-centred business culture. It is designed to be applied to each customer profile separately, thus enabling a deeper understanding of the customer logic of each relevant profile.Originality/valueEarlier business model frameworks tend to be provider-centric and goods-dominant, and require further development and adaptation to service logic. This study adopts service logic in business model thinking. It embeds the true and deep customer understanding and customer value in each element of the business model, and contributes to both business model and service-dominant logic literature.
Company social networks: customer communities or supplementary services?
Authors: Martins Carla , Patrício Lia 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the antecedents and consequences of loyalty to consumer networks hosted by companies in the scope of social networking sites (SNS). These company social networks (CSNs) have traditionally been studied as online brand communities but more research is needed to understand their role for host companies.

Design/methodology/approach
This study identifies CSN performance dimensions (host reputation, informativeness, communication self-expressiveness, rewarding activity and consumption support) and analyzes how they influence attitudes and behavioral intentions toward CSNs (identification with the community, satisfaction and loyalty) and toward the host company (satisfaction and loyalty). A conceptual model is tested through a survey administered to members of a large grocery retailer CSN on Facebook.

Findings
Results show that all six identified performance dimensions significantly impact CSN loyalty. However, while self-expressiveness, communication and rewarding activity (which are closely related to social and hedonic value) are predictors of loyalty to the CSN, through the mediation of identification with the community, they neither indirectly (through the mediation of identification) nor directly impact satisfaction with the host. Conversely, informativeness, communication and host reputation are good predictors of loyalty to the CSN, through mediation of satisfaction with the CSN, and also exert an indirect positive influence on satisfaction with the host. Finally, consumption support positively influences loyalty to the CSN through the mediation of identification with the community and directly positively influences satisfaction with the host company.

Originality/value
These results reveal the dichotomous nature of CSNs, as communities of people with shared interests and supplementary services created by companies to add value to their core offering. While perceptions regarding the community facet are independent from attitude toward the host, perceptions regarding supplementary service are significant predictors of satisfaction with the host. These results offer implications for future research and management of companies’ social media presence.
The impact of corporate environmental reporting on customer-related performance and market value
Authors: Radhouane Ikram , Nekhili Mehdi , Nagati Haithem , Paché Gilles 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate the potential benefits for firms that report more on environmental activities, with regard to two important categories of stakeholders: shareholders and customers.Design/methodology/approachTo avoid the endogeneity problem, the authors apply the system generalized method of moments approach by estimating the relationship between environmental reporting and firm performance with regard both to levels and first differences simultaneously.FindingsBased on the 120 largest publicly traded companies in France from 2007 to 2011, results suggest that shareholders interpret and perceive firms’ environmental information disclosure differently than consumers. However, reporting on environmental duties is perceived favorably by both customers and shareholders for firms with better environmental performance. In the same way, an increase in the level of environmental reporting is valuable in terms of customer-related performance (i.e. sales growth and profit margin) and in terms of market value (i.e. Tobin’sq) for firms operating in customer proximity industries. In a supplementary analysis, the authors found that, for reporting on climate change (a component of the combined environmental reporting index), positive customer and shareholder perceptions are acquired in particular through superior environmental performance and proximity to the final customer.Research limitations/implicationsWhen reporting on their environmental duties, environmental performance and proximity to the final customers play a critical role for firms in obtaining the necessary support of key stakeholders.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the difference between shareholders’ and customers’ perception of environmental reporting according to firms’ environmental performance and to their proximity to the final customer.
Higher expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in productively‐infected CD4 cells possibly indicates a mechanism for persistence of the virus in HIV infection
Authors: Suryawanshi Poonam , Godbole Sheela , Pawar Jyoti , Thakar Madhuri , Shete Ashwini 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTMechanisms involved in survival of productively‐infected memory CD4+cells after initial antigenic stimulation and their subsequent reversion to the resting state are critical for the development of a predominant replication‐competent HIV reservoir. These mechanisms may also counter their elimination after HIV reactivation through latency‐reversing agents (LRA). Thus, their evaluation is critical when using an appropriate HIV latency model that recapitulates the predominant replication‐competent HIV reservoir to develop strategies for HIV eradication. The model for evaluating the possible survival mechanisms after T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation was developed by infecting memory CD4+cells with an HIV‐1C primary isolate and cytokine secretion and gene expression patterns determined. Infected cells showed compromised functionality as evident from 6.8‐fold lower secretion of IL‐2 than from uninfected control cells. After TCR stimulation, the infected cells showed significantly higher fold increases in CD27 and CCR5 and smaller increases in CD5 mRNA over baseline values. Because CD27 expression may influence telomerase activity through AKT phosphorylation, CD27, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and pAKT expression in productively‐infected cells from HIV‐infected patients was evaluated by flow cytometry. HIV harbored in memory CD4+ cells was reactivated by HIV‐1 envelope peptides, which have been shown to act as effective LRA. P24+CD4+cell showed significantly higher expression of CD27, hTERT and pAKT than P24−CD4+cells. These findings indicate compromised functionality of HIV‐infected cells after TCR stimulation, which may interfere with their elimination by the immune system. They also indicate that pAKT and hTERT induction are possible survival mechanisms of productively‐infected CD4+cells.
Role of T‐bet, the master regulator of Th1 cells, in the cytotoxicity of murine CD4+ T cells
Authors: Eshima Koji , Misawa Kana , Ohashi Chihiro , Iwabuchi Kazuya 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough CD4+ T cells are generally regarded as helper T cells, some activated CD4+ T cells have cytotoxic properties. Given that CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) often secrete IFN‐γ, CTL activity among CD4+ T cells may be attributable to Th1 cells, where a T‐box family molecule, T‐bet serves as the “master regulator”. However, although the essential contribution of T‐bet to expression of IFN‐γ has been well‐documented, it remains unclear whether T‐bet is involved in CD4+ T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. In this study, to investigate the ability of T‐bet to confer cytolytic activity on CD4+ T cells, the T‐bet gene (Tbx21) was introduced into non‐cytocidal CD4+ T cell lines and their cytolytic function analyzed. Up‐regulation of FasL (CD178), which provided the transfectant with cytotoxicity, was observed in Tbx21transfected CD4+ T cells but not in untransfected parental cells. In one cell line, T‐bet transduction also induced perforin gene (Prf1) expression and Tbx21 transfectants efficiently killed Fas− target cells. Although T‐bet was found to repress up‐regulation of CD40L (CD154), which controls FasL‐mediated cytolysis, the extent of CD40L up‐regulation on in vitro‐differentiated Th1 cells was similar to that on Th2 cells, suggesting the existence of a compensatory mechanism. These results collectively indicate that T‐bet may be involved in the expression of genes, such as FasL and Prf1, which confer cytotoxicity on Th1 cells.
Evaluation of Enzymatically Modified Soy Protein Isolate Film Forming Solution and Film at Different Manufacturing Conditions
Authors: Mohammad Zadeh Elham , O'Keefe Sean F. , Kim Young‐Teck , Cho Jin‐Hun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe effects of transglutaminase on soy protein isolate (SPI) film forming solution and films were investigated by rheological behavior and physicochemical properties based on different manufacturing conditions (enzyme treatments, enzyme incubation times, and protein denaturation temperatures). Enzymatic crosslinking reaction and changes in molecular weight distribution were confirmed by viscosity measurement and SDS‐PAGE, respectively, compared to 2 controls: the nonenzyme treated and the deactivated enzyme treated. Films treated with both the enzyme and the deactivated enzyme showed significant increase in tensile strength (TS), percent elongation (%E), and initial contact angle of films compared to the nonenzyme control film due to the bulk stabilizers in the commercial enzyme. Water absorption property, protein solubility, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy revealed that enzyme treated SPI film matrix in the molecular structure level, resulted in the changes in physicochemical properties. Based on our observation, the enzymatic treatment at appropriate conditions is a practical and feasible way to control the physical properties of protein based biopolymeric film for many different scientific and industrial areas.Practical ApplicationEnzymes can make bridges selectively among different amino acids in the structure of protein matrix. Therefore, protein network is changed after enzyme treatment. The behavior of biopolymeric materials is dependent on the network structure to be suitable in different applications such as bioplastics applied in food and pharmaceutical products. In the current research, transglutaminase, as an enzyme, applied in soy protein matrix in different types of forms, activated and deactivated, and different preparation conditions to investigate its effects on different properties of the new bioplastic film.
Proanthocyanidin‐Rich Grape Seed Extract Modulates Intestinal Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice
Authors: Jin Guangwen , Asou Yoshinori , Ishiyama Kirika , Okawa Atsushi , Kanno Taro , Niwano Yoshimi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGrape‐seed extract (GSE) is rich in proanthocyanidins (polymers of flavan‐3‐ols). GSE is well known to have various beneficial effects to health. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary GSE on the intestinal microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) mice as a model of menopause. Phylum‐level analyses using 16S rRNA‐targeted group‐specific polymerase‐chain reaction primers in fecal samples collected 8 weeks postoperatively from OVX mice revealed that the proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes populations became imbalanced as compared with that in sham‐operated control mice. That is, the ratio of Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes populations in the OVX group were increased significantly. When OVX animals were given dietary GSE, the imbalanced proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes populations was normalized to that seen in control mice. In addition, the body weight of OVX animals measured at 6 weeks postoperatively was significantly higher than that in sham‐operated control animals. Dietary GSE also prevented OVX animals from increasing body weight. Thus, we postulated that GSE can improve imbalanced populations of intestinal microbiota, leading to prevention of obesity under conditions of not only menopause but morbidity.Practical ApplicationThe GSE has a great potential to be a functional food to improve dysbiosis in post‐menopausal women.
Evaluation of Enterococcus faecium NRRL B‐2354 as a Surrogate for Salmonella During Extrusion of Low‐Moisture Food
Authors: Verma Tushar , Wei Xinyao , Lau Soon Kiat , Bianchini Andreia , Eskridge Kent M. , Subbiah Jeyamkondan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSalmonella in low‐moisture foods is an emerging challenge due to numerous food product recalls and foodborne illness outbreaks. Identification of suitable surrogate is critical for process validation at industry level due to implementation of new Food Safety Modernization Act of 2011. The objective of this study was to evaluate Enterococcus faecium NRRL B‐2354 as a surrogate for Salmonella during the extrusion of low‐moisture food. Oat flour, a low‐moisture food, was adjusted to different moisture (14% to 26% wet basis) and fat (5% to 15% w/w) contents and was inoculated with E. faecium NRRL B‐2354. Inoculated material was then extruded in a lab‐scale single‐screw extruder running at different screw speeds (75 to 225 rpm) and different temperatures (75, 85, and 95 °C). A split‐plot central composite 2nd order response surface design was used, with the central point replicated six times. The data from the selective media (m‐Enterococcus agar) was used to build the response surface model for inactivation of E. faecium NRRL B‐2354. Results indicated that E. faecium NRRL B‐2354 always had higher heat resistance compared to Salmonella at all conditions evaluated in this study. However, the patterns of contour plots showing the effect of various product and process parameters on inactivation of E. faecium NRRL B‐2354 was different from that of Salmonella. Although E. faecium NRRL B‐2354 may be an acceptable surrogate for extrusion of low‐moisture products due to higher resistance than Salmonella, another surrogate with similar inactivation behavior may be preferred and needs to be identified.Practical ApplicationFood Safety Modernization Act requires the food industry to validate processing interventions. This study validated extrusion processing and demonstrated that E. faecium NRRL B‐2354 is an acceptable surrogate for extrusion of low‐moisture products. The developed response surface model allows the industry to identify process conditions to achieve a desired lethality for their products based on composition.