bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Improving Access to University Enough? Socio‐Economic Gaps in the Earnings of English Graduates
Authors: Britton Jack , Dearden Lorraine , Shephard Neil , Vignoles Anna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMuch research and policy attention has been on socio‐economic gaps in participation at university, but less attention has been paid to socio‐economic gaps in graduates’ earnings. This paper addresses this shortfall using tax and student loan administrative data to investigate the variation in earnings of English graduates by socio‐economic background. We find that graduates from higher income families (with median income of around 77,000) have average earnings which are 20% higher than those from lower income families (with median income of around £26,000). Once we condition on institution and subject choices, this premium roughly halves, to around 10%. The premium grows with age and is larger for men, in particular for men at the most selective universities. We estimate the extent to which different institutions and subjects appear to deliver good earnings for relatively less well off students, highlighting the strong performance of medicine, economics, law, business, engineering, technology and computer science, as well as the prominent London‐based universities.
Branded Axes, Thrown into a Pool? The Hoogeloon Hoard and the Shape‐Based Bronze Economy of the North‐West European Bronze Age
Authors: Fontijn David , Roymans Jan 
Published: January 2019

SummaryOne of the biggest challenges for students of the European Bronze Age is to understand the reason behind the massive deposition of large amounts of recyclable metal in non‐metalliferous regions. Such depositions are particularly puzzling when material was buried in a manner which directly seems to denote trade itself, in so‐called ‘trade hoards’. Based on observations on a recent find of such a hoard, in Hoogeloon (NL), we move to an overview of Bronze Age metalwork economy in general and the deposition of trade stock in particular. We argue that Middle Bronze Age metalwork circulation in North‐west Europe may be understood as an aes formatum system, with the serially produced axes in hoards displaying a koiné having a particular social evaluation: a ‘brand’. We suggest that objects were selected by brands for their deposition in the landscape and that this ‘ritual’ act was integral to the ‘practical’ economy of circulation.
Loneliness and biological responses to acute stress in people with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hackett Ruth A. , Poole Lydia , Hunt Elizabeth , Panagi Laura , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLoneliness is linked with all‐cause mortality and coronary heart disease. Altered neuroendocrine and inflammatory responses to stress constitute potential pathways linking loneliness and ill‐health. Stress responsivity is modified in people with Type 2 diabetes, but it is unclear whether loneliness influences biological stress responses in this population. We assessed interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), and cortisol responses to acute stress in 135 people with Type 2 diabetes. Loneliness was measured used the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Loneliness was inversely associated with cortisol output poststress (B = −4.429, p = 0.019) independent of age, sex, education, marital status, body mass index, and smoking. Lonelier individuals had raised MCP‐1 concentrations 75 min poststress independent of covariates (B = 0.713, p = 0.022). No associations between loneliness and IL‐6 or IL‐1RA concentrations were detected. These results suggest that loneliness is associated with disturbances in stress responsivity in people with diabetes, and the impact of loneliness on health in people with diabetes may be mediated in part through dysregulation of inflammatory and neuroendocrine systems. Future research is required to understand if such changes increase the risk of poorer outcomes in this population.
Oral diseases and inflammatory burden and Alzheimer's disease among subjects aged 75 years or older
Authors: Tiisanoja Antti , Syrjälä Anna‐Maija , Tertsonen Miia , Komulainen Kaija , Pesonen Paula , Knuuttila Matti , Hartikainen Sirpa , Ylöstalo Pekka 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo study whether dental caries, periodontal disease, and stomatitis, and the related inflammatory burden associate with diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia among older people.MethodsThe study population included 170 individuals aged ≥75 years. The primary outcome was diagnosed AD and the secondary outcome was any types of diagnosed dementia. Information about participants’ oral diseases and the related inflammatory burden was based on the clinical oral examination. Relative risks (RRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using regression models.ResultsDental caries, the presence of ≥3 carious teeth (RR: 3.47, 95% CI: 1.09–11.1) and the number of carious teeth (RR: 1.24, CI: 1.11–1.39), and inflammatory burden (RR: 1.44, CI: 1.04–2.01) were associated with a higher likelihood of having AD. Also, periodontal disease and stomatitis were associated, although nonstatistically, with AD and dementia. The risk estimates for any type of dementia were in most cases lower than for AD.ConclusionOral diseases and the related inflammatory burden were in most cases associated more strongly with diagnosed AD than dementia in general. Of the oral diseases studied, the strongest association was between dental caries and AD.
Behavior during cyberbullying episodes: Initial validation of a new self‐report scale
Authors: Pozzoli Tiziana , Gini Gianluca 
Published: January 2019

Research on cyberbullying has been growing worldwide, with much of the focus on the characteristics of perpetrators and targets of cyberbullying. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid on bystanders of cyber‐attacks. This study presents the Italian validation of a newly developed self‐report scale that measures different forms of participation in cyberbullying, namely cyberbullying, cybervictimization, cyber‐defending and cyber‐passive bystanding. We used responses from 561 young adolescents (289 girls; mean age = 12 years, 1 month; SD = 9 months) attending middle schools in Italy. A 16‐item scale was developed paralleling the content of an already existing scale that measures young adolescents’ behavior in traditional bullying. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four‐dimensional structure of the scale and the four subscale's scores showed acceptable levels of internal consistency. Multigroup analyses demonstrated full scalar invariance of the scale across gender groups. Finally, each behavior in the electronic context was positively correlated with its counterpart in the school context, suggesting certain stability across contexts. It is concluded that the scale may be a first, promising attempt to measure different youths’ behavior during cyberbullying episodes.
The Geography and Concentration of Authorship in the Top Five: Implications For European Economics
Authors: Ek Simon , Henrekson Magnus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe study to what degree authors who publish in the five most prestigious journals in economics have previously published there and in which world region they are based. Although still high, the concentration of United States‐based and previously published top‐five authors has decreased. This trend is driven by increased co‐authorship between USA and non‐USA scholars and between scholars with and without previous top‐five articles. Only around 5% of all articles each year are written solely by first‐time authors from outside the United States, and this share has not increased since the mid‐1990s. Against this background, we argue that European institutions should be wary of putting too much emphasis on publishing in these five journals. Both the advancement and diversity of the economics discipline may otherwise suffer.
The role of oceanographic conditions on Cenozoic carbonate platform drowning: Insights from Alpine and Apennine foreland basins
Authors: Brandano Marco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe drowning of carbonate platforms is a fascinating topic because it may be induced by several concomitant factors. A key setting to investigate carbonate platform drowning is a foreland basin. The Nummulitic Limestone ramp developed in the foreland of the western Alps during the Bartonian, while the Lithothamnion and Bryozoan Limestone ramp deposited in the foreland of the central Apennines between the Burdigalian and Serravallian. The drowning of Nummulitic Limestone is related to the reduction in light for the photo‐dependent biota according to the progressively increasing depth and poor efficiency of aphotic carbonate factory. The drowning of the Lithothamnion and Bryozoan Limestone ramp is attributed to the deterioration of the environmental conditions that predate tectonic subsidence related to the Apennine orogenesis. Eutrophication triggered by upwelling events induced a crisis in the shallow‐water carbonate production, while during the following tectonic subsidence the shallow‐water carbonate factory was definitively inactive.
Infections and associated behaviors among deceased organ donors: Informing the assessment of risk
Authors: Davison Katy L. , Ushiro‐Lumb Ines , Lawrance Marcus , Trotter Patrick , Powell James J. , Brailsford Susan R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundFor infectious disease risk assessment among deceased organ donors, pre‐donation clinical, microbiological, and behavioral information are reviewed; however, uncertainty may arise due to false negative screening results of recently acquired infections.MethodThe burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and residual risks (RR) of undetected virus was estimated, with the impact of more sensitive screening.ResultsFor United Kingdom potential deceased organ donors between 2010 and 2014, prevalence of HBsAg was 0.1%, HIV 0.06% and HCV 0.9%, increasing to 25.7% in people who injected drugs (PWID). Incidence, derived from new blood donors, was multiplied by duration of screening assay window periods to give RR per 100 000 donors as 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03‐3.99) for HBV, 0.08 (95% CI 0.02‐0.21) for HIV, and 5.96 (95% CI 0.82‐37.89) for HCV. For PWID, HCV RR was 163.3 (95% CI 22.8‐1107.8) compared to 2.76 (95% CI 0.35‐17.36) for non‐PWID. RR decreased significantly with nucleic acid testing (NAT), and, for HCV, antigen testing had a similar impact.ConclusionWhile the burden of HCV risk lies within PWID, these are in small numbers therefore few HCV antigen or NAT tests would be needed to more accurately assess risk.
One of the NAD kinases, sll1415, is required for the glucose metabolism of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Ishikawa Yuuma , Miyagi Atsuko , Ishikawa Toshiki , Nagano Minoru , Yamaguchi Masatoshi , Hihara Yukako , Kaneko Yasuko , Kawai‐Yamada Maki 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPyridine nucleotides (NAD(P)(H)) are electron carriers that are the driving forces in various metabolic pathways. Phosphorylation of NAD(H) to NADP(H) is performed by the enzyme NAD kinase (NADK). Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 harbors two genes (sll1415 and slr0400) that encode proteins with NADK homology. When genetic mutants for sll1415 and slr0400 (Δ1415 and Δ0400, respectively) were cultured under photoheterotrophic growth conditions only the Δ1415 cells showed a growth defect. In wild‐type cells, the sll1415 transcript accumulated after the cells were transferred to photoheterotrophic conditions. Furthermore, NAD(P)(H) measurements demonstrated that a dynamic metabolic conversion was implemented during the adaptation from photoautotrophic to photoheterotrophic conditions. Electron microscopy observation and biochemistry quantification demonstrated the accumulation of glycogen in the Δ1415 cells under photoheterotrophic conditions at 96 h. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) demonstrated the accumulation of mRNAs that encoded glycogen biosynthesis‐related enzymes in photoheterotrophic Δ1415 cells. At 96 h, enzyme activity measurement in the photoheterotrophic Δ1415 cells demonstrated that the activities of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were decreased, but the activities of glucose dehydrogenase were increased. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis demonstrated that the Δ1415 cells showed increased glucose‐6‐phosphate and 6‐phosphogluconate content at 96 h. Therefore, sll1415 has a significant function in the oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway for catabolism of glucose under photoheterotrophic conditions. Additionally, it is presumed that the slr0400 had a different role in glucose catabolism during growth. These results suggest that the two Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 NADKs (Sll1415 and Slr0400) have distinct functions in photoheterotrophic cyanobacterial metabolism.
Intratumoral collagen index predicts mortality and survival in canine cutaneous mast cell tumours
Authors: Daniel Jessika , Barra Camila N. , Pulz Lidia H. , Kleeb Silvia Regina , Xavier José Guilherme , Catão‐Dias José Luiz , Nishiya Adriana T. , Fukumasu Heidge , Strefezzi Ricardo F. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundMast cell tumours (MCTs) constitute almost 25% of cutaneous neoplasms in dogs. Their biological behaviour is predicted using histopathological grading which is based on several subjective criteria that are vulnerable to intra‐ and interobserver variability. To improve the prediction of the biological behaviour, several complementary markers have been studied. The integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) may play a protective role against tumoral progression, and favour cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastases when altered.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the quantification of collagen and elastic fibres as prognostic markers for MCTs.AnimalsThirty‐eight random cases of canine cutaneous MCT surgically treated with wide margins were included.Methods and materialsIntratumoral collagen and elastic fibres were identified and quantified on histological sections stained with Masson's trichrome, Picrosirius red and Verhoeff; the results were compared with histopathological grades, mortality due to the disease and postsurgical survival.ResultsMorphometric analysis revealed a significant relationship between histopathological grade and intratumoral collagen index (CoI). In addition, the CoI was considered an independent indicator for mortality and postsurgical survival.Conclusions and clinical importanceThese results support the importance of the CoI in the grading and prognosis of MCTs, suggesting that preservation and/or synthesis of collagen have the potential to become targets for MCT therapeutics.
Comparison of intravenous, topical or combined routes of tranexamic acid administration in patients undergoing total knee and hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Sun Qi , Li Jinyu , Chen Jiang , Zheng Chenying , Liu Chuyin , Jia Yusong 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the effects of intravenous, topical and combined routes of tranexamic acid (TXA) administration on blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA).DesignThis was a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) wherein the weighted mean difference (WMD) and relative risk (RR) were used for data synthesis applied in the random effects model. Stratified analyses based on the surgery type, region, intravenous and topical TXA dose and transfusion protocol were also conducted. The main outcomes included intraoperative and total blood loss volume, transfusion rate, low postoperative haemoglobin (Hb) level and postoperative Hb decline. However, the secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay (LOS) and/or occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE).SettingWe searched the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL databases for RCTs that compared different routes of TXA administration.ParticipantsPatients undergoing TKA or THA.InterventionsIntravenous, topical or combined intravenous and topical TXA.ResultsTwenty-six RCTs were selected, and the intravenous route did not differ substantially from the topical route with respect to the total blood loss volume (WMD=30.92, p=0.31), drain blood loss (WMD=−34.53, p=0.50), postoperative Hb levels (WMD=−0.01, p=0.96), Hb decline (WMD=−0.39, p=0.08), LOS (WMD=0.15, p=0.38), transfusion rate (RR=1.08, p=0.75) and VTE occurrence (RR=1.89, p=0.15). Compared with the combined-delivery group, the single-route group had significantly increased total blood loss volume (WMD=198.07, p<0.05), greater Hb decline (WMD=0.56, p<0.05) and higher transfusion rates (RR=2.51, p<0.05). However, no significant difference was noted in the drain blood loss, postoperative Hb levels and VTE events between the two groups. The intravenous and topical routes had comparable efficacy and safety profiles.ConclusionsThe combination of intravenous and topical TXA was relatively more effective in controlling bleeding without increased risk of VTE.
Simple renal cysts and bovine aortic arch: markers for aortic disease
Authors: Brownstein Adam J , Bin Mahmood Syed Usman , Saeyeldin Ayman , Velasquez Mejia Camilo , Zafar Mohammad A , Li Yupeng , Rizzo John A , Dahl Neera K , Erben Young , Ziganshin Bulat A , Elefteriades John A 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of thoracic aortic disease (TAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) among patients with simple renal cyst (SRC) and bovine aortic arch (BAA).MethodsThrough a retrospective search for patients who underwent both chest and abdominal CT imaging at our institution from 2012 to 2016, we identified patients with SRC and BAA and propensity score matched them to those without these features by age, gender and presence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes and chronic kidney disease.ResultsOf a total of 35 498 patients, 6366 were found to have SRC. Compared with the matched population without SRC, individuals with SRC were significantly more likely to have TAD (10.1% vs 3.9%), ascending aortic aneurysm (8.0% vs 3.2%), descending aortic aneurysm (3.3% vs 0.9%), type A aortic dissection (0.6% vs 0.2%), type B aortic dissection (1.1% vs 0.3%) and AAA (7.9% vs 3.3%). The 920 patients identified with BAA were significantly more likely to have TAD (21.8% vs 4.5%), ascending aortic aneurysm (18.4% vs 3.2%), descending aortic aneurysm (6.5% vs 2.0%), type A aortic dissection (1.4% vs 0.4%) and type B aortic dissection (2.4% vs 0.7%) than the matched population without BAA. SRC and BAA were found to be significantly associated with the presence of TAD (OR=2.57 and 7.69, respectively) and AAA (OR=2.81 and 2.56, respectively) on multivariable analysis.ConclusionsThis study establishes a substantial increased prevalence of aortic disease among patients with SRC and BAA. SRC and BAA should be considered markers for aortic aneurysm development.
Cervical Cancer–Instructed Stromal Fibroblasts Enhance IL23 Expression in Dendritic Cells to Support Expansion of Th17 Cells
Authors: Walch-Rückheim Barbara , Ströder Russalina , Theobald Laura , Pahne-Zeppenfeld Jennifer , Hegde Subramanya , Kim Yoo-Jin , Bohle Rainer Maria , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Smola Sigrun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prerequisite for the development of cervical cancer. HPV-transformed cells actively instruct their microenvironment, promoting chronic inflammation and cancer progression. We previously demonstrated that cervical cancer cells contribute to Th17 cell recruitment, a cell type with protumorigenic properties. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the Th17-promoting cytokine IL23 in the cervical cancer micromilieu and found CD83+ mature dendritic cells (mDC) coexpressing IL23 in the stroma of cervical squamous cell carcinomas in situ. This expression of IL23 correlated with stromal Th17 cells, advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and cervical cancer recurrence. Cocultures of cervical cancer–instructed mDCs and cervical fibroblasts led to potent protumorigenic expansion of Th17 cells in vitro but failed to induce antitumor Th1 differentiation. Correspondingly, cervical cancer–instructed fibroblasts increased IL23 production in cocultured cervical cancer–instructed mDCs, which mediated subsequent Th17 cell expansion. In contrast, production of the Th1-polarizing cytokine IL12 in the cancer-instructed mDCs was strongly reduced. This differential IL23 and IL12 regulation was the consequence of an increased expression of the IL23 subunits IL23p19 and IL12p40 but decreased expression of the IL12 subunit IL12p35 in cervical cancer–instructed mDCs. Cervical cancer cell–derived IL6 directly suppressed IL12p35 in mDCs but indirectly induced IL23 expression in fibroblast-primed mDCs via CAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ)–dependent induction of IL1β. In summary, our study defines a mechanism by which the cervical cancer micromilieu supports IL23-mediated Th17 expansion associated with cancer progression.

Significance:
Cervical cancer cells differentially regulate IL23 and IL12 in DC fibroblast cocultures in an IL6/C/EBPβ/IL1β-dependent manner, thereby supporting the expansion of Th17 cells during cancer progression.
CCR2-Dependent Recruitment of Tregs and Monocytes Following Radiotherapy Is Associated with TNFα-Mediated Resistance
Authors: Mondini Michele , Loyher Pierre-Louis , Hamon Pauline , Gerbé de Thoré Marine , Laviron Marie , Berthelot Kevin , Clémenson Céline , Salomon Benoit L. , Combadière Christophe , Deutsch Eric , Boissonnas Alexandre 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) represents one of the main anticancer approaches for the treatment of solid tumors. Beyond the expected direct effects of RT on tumor cells, evidence supporting the importance of an immune response to RT is growing. The balance between RT-mediated immunogenic and tolerogenic activity is ill-defined and deserves more attention. Herein, a murine model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was used to demonstrate that RT upregulated CCL2 chemokine production in tumor cells, leading to a CCR2-dependent accumulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-producing monocytes and CCR2+ regulatory T cells (Treg). This corecruitment was associated with a TNFα-dependent activation of Tregs, dampening the efficacy of RT. Our results highlight an unexpected cross-talk between innate and adaptive immune system components and indicate CCL2/CCR2 and TNFα as potential clinical candidates to counterbalance the radioprotective action of monocyte-derived cells and Tregs, paving the way for potent combined radioimmunotherapies.
Impact of gamma irradiation on tissues of the mud crab, Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775) (Decapoda, Portunidae) — electron microscopic study and DNA comet assay
Authors: Keethadath Arshad , Kappalli Sudha , Gayathri N. , Thomas Derin M. , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Radiopreservation using gamma radiation is widely in use as a safe method for extending the shelf life of shellfish. This study explored the consequences of different doses of gamma radiation (0.5 kGy, 1.0 kGy and 2.0 kGy) on various tissues of Scylla serrata at cellular and nuclear level, with the aid of electron microscopy and DNA comet assay. The highly radio exposed (2.0 kGy) pyloric muscles showed a reduction in sarcomere length, disordered organization with expanded gap between adjacent myofibrils, ruptured sarcotubular system, mitochondrial swelling with crushed cristae, significant increase in nucleus size coupled with less dense nucleoplasm, etc. Comet assay on tissues such as muscle, hepatopancreas and testis irradiated with 2.0 kGy radiation also revealed a significant degree of nuclear damage by gamma irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. The tail length of the comet showed a tissue-specific tolerance level. The present study clarified the precise dose of irradiation as 1.0 kGy and the results can be relevant for commercial purposes to qualitatively categorize the irradiated crabs.