bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐standing diabetes mellitus and pancreas transplantation: An avenue to increase utilization of an ideal treatment modality
Authors: Rohan Vinayak S. , McGillicuddy John W. , Taber David J. , Nadig Satish N. , Baliga Prabhakar K. , Bratton Charles F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased post‐operative complications in various surgeries. Little data exist regarding the impact of long‐standing DM (>25 years) on outcomes in pancreas transplantation (PTX). The objectives of our study were to determine if long‐standing pre‐transplant DM (>25 years) was associated with inferior outcomes following PTX.MethodsUsing a 13‐year (April, 2000‐May, 2012) retrospective analysis, we examined demographic and transplant factors, complications, and outcomes in patients without (Group A) and with (Group B) long‐standing (>25 years) pre‐PTX DM.ResultsMean follow‐up was 4.2 years. Of 214 consecutive PTX performed, 137 (105 simultaneous PTX (SPK), 25 PTX after kidney (PAK), 7 PTX alone (PTA)) had pre‐PTX duration of DM recorded, including 65 in Group A and 72 in Group B. There were no differences between cohorts with respect to demographics. There were no differences in post‐PTX surgical/medical complications. There were no differences in outcomes between cohorts (ie, rejection, graft loss or death).ConclusionsThis large‐scale analysis demonstrated that PTX can be performed in patients with long‐standing DM with excellent patient and graft outcomes. Long‐standing DM did not lead to an increased post‐PTX infections or complications. Our study suggests that duration of DM should not impact PTX candidacy.
Behavioral phenotype and sleep problems in SATB2‐associated syndrome
Authors: Cotton Allison Pierce , Gokarakonda Srinivasa , Caffrey Aisling R , Zarate Yuri A , Kumar Nihit 
Published: August 2019

AimTo determine the nature and frequency of behavioral phenotypes and sleep disturbances in individuals with SATB2‐associated syndrome (SAS).MethodThe Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and an age‐appropriate sleep questionnaire were distributed to the parents of individuals with SAS. All scores were compared to available normative data.ResultsThirty‐one individuals completed the assessment (18 females, 13 males; mean age 7y 4mo [SD 4y 1mo], range 2–16y). Individuals with SAS had significantly higher Total Difficulty scores than the normative sample (14.9 [SD 5.8] vs 7.1 [SD 5.7], p<0.001). A high frequency of emotional problems (22.6% vs 8%, p=0.01), peer problems (48.4% vs 10%, p<0.001), hyperactivity (48.4% vs 9%, p<0.001), and low prosocial behaviors (45.2% vs 9%, p<0.001) contribute to the behavioral profile in SAS. Concurrent sleeping difficulties were also frequently identified. Ten individuals in the 5 to 15 years age range had at least one sleep disorder (mean Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children total score 40.9 [SD 8.4] vs 35.1 [SD 7.7], p<0.001).InterpretationWith previous limited available objective neurobehavioral data on the SAS population, we reported evidence of high‐risk for a broad spectrum of burdensome behavioral phenotype and concurrent sleeping difficulties, the latter being particularly prevalent during early childhood. Routine assessment and treatment for behavioral issues and sleep problems is recommended.What this paper adds

Emotional and peer problems, hyperactivity, and low prosocial behavior are common in SATB2‐associated syndrome.

The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire Total Difficulty scores are atypical in nearly half of individuals.

Behavioral difficulties are perceived as burdensome to over half of the parents.

Nearly half of individuals have at least one sleep disorder.

Sleep–wake transition disorders were most common.
Determinants of diagnostic discordance for non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes using paired glycated haemoglobin measurements in a large English primary care population: cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bachmann M. O. , Lewis G. , John W. G. , Turner J. , Dhatariya K. , Clark A. , Pascale M. , Sampson M. ,   Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate factors influencing diagnostic discordance for non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes.MethodsSome 10 000 adults at increased risk of diabetes were screened with HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). The 2208 participants with initial HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol/mol (≥ 6.0%) or FPG ≥ 6.1 mmol/l were retested after a median 40 days. We compared the first and second HbA1c results, and consequent diagnoses of non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes, and investigated predictors of discordant diagnoses.ResultsOf 1463 participants with non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia and 394 with Type 2 diabetes on first testing, 28.4% and 21.1% respectively had discordant diagnoses on repeated testing. Initial diagnosis of non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia and/or impaired fasting glucose according to both HbA1c and FPG criteria, or to FPG only, made reclassification as Type 2 diabetes more likely than initial classification according to HbA1c alone. Initial diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes according to both HbA1c and FPG criteria made reclassification much less likely than initial classification according to HbA1c alone. Age, and anthropometric and biological measurements independently but inconsistently predicted discordant diagnoses and changes in HbA1c.ConclusionsDiagnosis of non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia or Type 2 diabetes with a single measurement of HbA1c in a screening programme for entry to diabetes prevention trials is unreliable. Diagnosis of non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes should be confirmed by repeat testing. FPG results could help prioritise retesting. These findings do not apply to people classified as normal on a single test, who were not retested.
Pythagorean self‐awareness intervention: A novel cognitive stress management technique for body weight control
Authors: Simos Dimitrios S. , Kokkinos Alexandros , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Dimosthenopoulos Charilaos , Mantzou Emily , Artemiadis Artemios , Bacopoulou Flora , Nicolaides Nicolas C. , Kosta Ourania , Chrousos George P. , Darviri Christina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundOver the past decades, the prevalence of obesity has markedly increased worldwide. Stress is recognized as a substantial contributor to increased body weight; therefore, stress management interventions, especially cognitive behavioural, are becoming increasingly popular. The impact of stress management on stress‐ and obesity‐related biomarkers (eg blood lipid profile, HBA1c, inflammatory biomarkers, such as CRP) has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a novel cognitive behavioural stress management intervention, called ‘Pythagorean Self‐Awareness Intervention’ (PSAI), in overweight/obese adults.Materials and methodsThis was a two‐armed 1:1 randomized, nonblind controlled study including overweight/obese individuals. The control group followed a personalized Mediterranean low‐calorie diet, and the intervention group followed the same diet in addition to the PSAI intervention for 8 weeks. Measurements included demographic, anthropometric (ie BMI, waist‐to‐hip ratio), stress (ie perceived stress, salivary cortisol), dietary behaviour (ie emotional eating) and metabolic parameters (ie blood lipid profile, HBA1c, CRP, body composition in fat and water). Outcome per‐protocol analysis was performed using mixed linear models adjusted for age and gender.ResultsA total of 49 of 62 eligible adults were analysed in the study (there were three dropouts in the intervention group and 10 dropouts in the control group); 28 were assigned to the intervention group (mean age 54.7 ± 11.9 years) and 21 to the control group (mean age 51.8 ± 11.9 years). The intervention group showed a statistically significant decrease in perceived stress, cortisol concentrations 30 minutes after awakening, cortisol's area under the curve, BMI, waist‐to‐hip ratio, restrained, emotional and external eating behaviour, fasting glucose, LDL, triglycerides, HbA1c and body and trunk fat, compared with the control group. Based on the observed effect sizes, clinically meaningful changes may be more evident in stress perception, restrained and external eating behaviour, Hb1ac and trunk fat. The compliance to the PSAI intervention reached 100%, and there were no adverse effects.ConclusionsThe PSAI technique may be an effective stress management method for overweight/obese adults. Future and larger randomized controlled studies are needed to allow generalization of these findings.
Single‐cell RNA‐Seq characterization of anatomically identified OLM interneurons in different transgenic mouse lines
Authors: Winterer Jochen , Lukacsovich David , Que Lin , Sartori Andrea M. , Luo Wenshu , Földy Csaba 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInhibitory GABAergic interneurons create different brain activity patterns that correlate with behavioural states. In this characterizing study, we used single‐cell RNA‐Seq to analyse anatomically‐ and electrophysiologically identified hippocampal oriens‐lacunosum moleculare (OLM) interneurons. OLMs express somatostatin (Sst), generate feedback inhibition and play important roles in theta oscillations and fear encoding. Although an anatomically‐ and biophysically homogenous population, OLMs presumably comprise of two functionally distinct types with different developmental origins, inferred from the expression pattern of serotonin type‐3a (5‐HT3a, or Htr3a) receptor subunit and 5‐HT excitability in a set of OLMs. To broadly characterize OLM cells, we used the Sst‐Cre and the BAC transgenic Htr3a‐Cre mouse lines and separately analysed SstCre‐OLM and Htr3aCre‐OLM types. We found a surprisingly consistent expression of Npy in OLMs, which was previously not associated with the identity of this type. Our analyses furthermore revealed uniform expression of developmental origin‐related genes, including transcription factors and neurexin isoforms, without providing support for the current view that OLMs may originate from multiple neurogenic zones. Together, we found that OLMs constitute a highly homogenous transcriptomic population. Finally, our results revealed surprisingly infrequent expression of Htr3a in only ~10% of OLMs and an apparently specific expression of the 5‐HT3b subunit‐coding gene Htr3b in Htr3aCre‐OLMs, but not in SstCre‐OLMs. However, additional in situ hybridization experiments suggested that the differential expression of Htr3b may represent an unexpected consequence arising from the design of the Htr3a‐Cre BAC transgenic line.
Do security breaches matter? The shareholder puzzle
Authors: Michel Allen , Oded Jacob , Shaked Israel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes the effect of computer breaches on publicly traded equities from 2005 to 2017. An event study is performed and breaches analyzed conditioned on whether the breach announcement has been made in the mainstream media or through other channels. We find that in the period prior to the announcement date in the media, the mean abnormal return is negative, reflecting a likely leakage of information. In the period following the announcement date, the mean abnormal return is positive, often more than offsetting the previous declines. The findings have important implications for analysts, portfolio managers, institutional investors, and regulators.
Biochemical and biophysical comparison of human and mouse beta‐2 microglobulin reveals the molecular determinants of low amyloid propensity
Authors: Achour Adnane , Broggini Luca , Han Xiao , Sun Renhua , Santambrogio Carlo , Buratto Jeremie , Visentin Cristina , Barbiroli Alberto , De Luca Chiara Maria Giulia , Sormanni Pietro , Moda Fabio , De Simone Alfonso , Sandalova Tatyana , Grandori Rita , Camilloni Carlo , Ricagno Stefano 
Published: August 2019

The molecular bases of amyloid aggregation propensity are still poorly understood, especially for proteins that display a stable folded native structure. A prototypic example is human beta‐2 microglobulin (β2m), which, when accumulated in patients, gives rise to dialysis‐related amyloidosis. Interestingly, although the physiologic concentration of β2m in mice is five times higher than that found in human patients, no amyloid deposits are observed in mice. Moreover, murine β2m (mβ2m) not only displays a lower amyloid propensity both in vivo and in vitro but also inhibits the aggregation of human β2m in vitro. Here, we compared human and mβ2m for their aggregation propensity, ability to form soluble oligomers, stability, three‐dimensional structure and dynamics. Our results indicate that mβ2m low‐aggregation propensity is due to two concomitant aspects: the low‐aggregation propensity of its primary sequence combined with the absence of high‐energy amyloid‐competent conformations under native conditions. The identification of the specific properties determining the low‐aggregation propensity of mouse β2m will help delineate the molecular risk factors which cause a folded protein to aggregate.
A case for a functional linguistic knowledge base in world language teacher education
Authors: Troyan Francis J. , Sembiante Sabrina F. , King Nicole 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article contributes to broader discussions of the knowledge base for language teacher education; the standards and policies that inform world language teacher education; and the need for a systematic, principled, and robust theory of language to underpin contexualized world language teaching and learning. Specifically, it proposes that the foundation for world language teacher education be broadened and that the linguistics component of the ACTFL/CAEP Program Standards for the Preparation of Foreign Language Teachers be more clearly defined. The argument is supported using data from a longitudinal ethnographic case study that depicts a candidate's appropriation of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) first as a world language teacher candidate and then as a novice teacher in his first year of teaching. Findings depict the candidate's learning and flexible use of SFL and the associated genre pedagogy to contextualize language use for his students across multiple levels of instruction. Given its alignment with contemporary goals as stated in the World‐Readiness Standards for Learning Languages, instructional approaches, and assessment paradigms, SFL seems to hold great potential as a contextualized and unifying theoretical foundation for world language teacher education.
The mode of action of Fruitless: Is it an easy matter to switch the sex?
Authors: Sato Kosei , Yamamoto Daisuke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe fruitless (fru) locus was originally defined by a male sterile mutation that promotes male‐to‐male courtship while suppressing male‐to‐female courtship in Drosophila melanogaster. The fru promoter‐1 pre‐RNA generates a set of BTB‐zinc finger family FruM proteins expressed exclusively in the male neurons, leading to the formation of sexual dimorphisms in neurons via male‐specific neuroblast proliferation, male‐specific neural survival, male‐specific neuritegenesis or male‐specific arbor patterning. Such a wide spectrum of phenotypic effects seems to result from chromatin modifications, in which FruBM recruits Bonus, Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and/or Heterochromatin protein 1a (HP1a) to ~130 target sites. One established FruBM transcriptional target is the axon guidance protein gene robo1. Multiple transcriptional regulator‐binding sites are nested around the FruBM‐binding site, and mediate sophisticated modulation of the repressor activity of FruBM. FruBM also binds to the Lola‐Q transcriptional repressor to protect it from proteasome‐dependent degradation in male but not female neurons as FruBM exists only in male neurons, leading to the formation of sexually dimorphic neural structures. These findings shed light on the multilayered network of transcription regulation orchestrated by the master regulator FruBM.
Examination of non‐shrinkage firing using low‐temperature co‐fired alumina containing a small quantity of Cu–Ti–Nb–Ag–O additive
Authors: Shigeno Koichi , Tezuka Mana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we examined non‐shrinkage firing in the planar direction using low‐temperature co‐fired alumina (LTCA) containing a small quantity of Cu–Ti–Nb–Ag–O additive. A good restraint effect was obtained using AL‐43‐L alumina as a constraint layer whose particle diameter was several times larger (1 to 2 μm) than that of alumina in the LTCA material TM‐5D (0.2 μm). The x‐y shrinkage ratio of the non‐shrinkage fired sample using AL‐43‐L as the constraint layer was within 2 %. However, the density of the non‐shrinkage fired sample was much lower than that of the normal shrinkage fired sample. By producing a powder using a freeze‐dry method, we obtained a well‐sintered alumina with a relative density of approximately 95 % at 950°C, which is lower than the melting point of silver. That is, we achieved both suppression of the shrinkage rate in the x‐y direction and ensured sinterability below the melting point of silver. The thermal conductivity of the sample was 16.2 W/mK, which is extremely high for low‐temperature co‐fired ceramics materials.
Adsorption of Pb and Cd in rice husk and their immobilization in porous glass‐ceramic structures
Authors: Sharifikolouei Elham , Baino Francesco , Galletti Camilla , Fino Debora , Ferraris Monica 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRice husk, an agricultural waste, is abundantly available in many countries such as China, India, Brazil, US, and South East Asia. Despite the massive production of rice husk, it is mainly disposed to landfill. In this work, utilization of rice husk for a potential waste‐water treatment is evaluated, along with subsequent encapsulation of the adsorbed heavy metals (Pb and Cd) inside a porous glass‐ceramic.Vitrified bottom ash (another source of waste) was mixed with foaming agents in dif‐ ferent weight ratios (40:60, 50:50, and 60:40) to prepare a glass matrix for encapsulation of Pb‐/Cd‐loaded rice husk. It was shown that using 40 wt% vitrified bottom ash with 60 wt% foaming agents leads to a foam glass with the best pore size distribution. Therefore, this batch was further mixed with 70 volume% (5 wt%) heavy metal‐loaded rice husk and was heat‐treated at 750°C for 3 hours. The final glass‐ceramic porous structure was char acterized using SEM, XRD, compression test, and it was shown that it is safe to be used as it passes the EN12457‐2 leaching test.
Biocompatibility of borosilicate glass‐ceramics based LTCC materials for microfluidic biosensor application
Authors: Liang Yongyuan , Ma Mingsheng , Qian Suxiang , Zhuang Hui , Li Kunqiang , Liu Zhifu , Li Yongxiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThree kinds of borosilicate glass‐ceramics Low temperature co‐fired ceramics (LTCC) substrate materials, Ca‐B‐Si‐O (CBS), Ca‐Al‐B‐Si‐O (CABS), and Ca‐Mg‐B‐Si‐O (CMBS), have been prepared, and the biocompatibility of these materials was evaluated. Compared with CBS and CMBS samples, the CABS sample presented the lowest crystallinity and dissolution in the bioleaching experiments. The direct and indirect cell culturing results showed that the CABS sample also possessed the best biocompatibility to the bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) due to its good bio‐stability and surface micro‐pore structure. The effects of surface topography and released ions on cytocompatibility were analyzed. These results were expected to offer some guideline information for developing LTCC substrate materials used in the microfluidic biosensors for the future biological and medical application.
Numerical studies on SiO2 generation in swirling turbulent non‐premixed flames using SiCl4 as the precursor
Authors: Huang Yaosong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSilica nanoparticles have been widely applied in many fields due to their excellent properties. SiO2 generation is crucial for silica particle formation, but in a swirling reactor the SiO2 generation is still unclear. In this study, numerical simulations are performed to investigate the SiO2 generation and distributions of temperature and velocity during silica particle synthesis using a swirling reactor. A computational model is first developed to describe the heat and mass transport in the swirling turbulent flame. Simulation models are validated with experimental data in the case without SiO2 chemistry. Then, effects of the fuel velocity and swirl number on SiO2 generation are investigated. Results show that most of the SiO2 molecules are generated in the region far away from reactor inlets and a relatively high SiO2 generation efficiency is obtained for a fuel velocity of 32.7 m/second. Distributions of the flame temperature, velocity and SiO2 concentration are found to vary with the swirl number and high chemical reaction rates for SiO2 generation are obtained when a swirl number of 0.5 is employed. Uncertainty analysis shows that the average relative errors of the results from different models are within 18%.
The hypercoagulable state in multiple myeloma: The contribution of thrombin generation test
Authors: Baccouche Hela , Hadhri Meriam , Aissi Wafa , Chakroun Aya , Bahri Dhouha , Mahjoub Sonia , Ben Romdhane Neila 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy which confers a high venous thromboembolic risk. This risk is linked to patient‐related factors, disease‐specific mechanisms, and antimyeloma therapy, especially immunomodulatory drugs. Some studies have suggested that the thrombin generation assay may be a predictive marker of thrombosis. This study aimed to assess the hypercoagulable state in patients with multiple myeloma at diagnosis and after myeloma therapy.MethodsThirty‐one patients with multiple myeloma were included in a prospective study and were compared with 31 matched controls with age and gender. Thrombin generation assay was performed in patients at diagnosis prior to treatment initiation and at the end of myeloma therapy, and in controls. Parameters of lag time, peak thrombin concentration, time to peak, endogenous thrombin potential, and velocity index were analyzed.ResultsMedian age of patients at diagnosis was 58 years (11 men and 20 women). Twenty‐three patients (74%) were classified as high vascular risk and received thromboprophylaxis. No thromboembolic events have been reported during follow‐up, except a symptomatic pulmonary embolism in one patient which occurred at diagnosis. At baseline, patients with myeloma had significantly elevated velocity index as compared to controls (178 vs 128 nmol/L/min; P = .013). High‐risk patients showed an elevation of plasma thrombin generation as compared to low‐risk patients (endogenous thrombin potential = 1244 vs 1052 nmol/L/min; P = .043). Myeloma therapy did not significantly change the thrombin generation parameters.ConclusionThrombin generation appears to be higher in patients with myeloma compared with controls, especially in high‐risk patients, and does not change significantly after treatment completion.