bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and evaluation of poly(lactic acid), chitosan, and tricalcium phosphate biocomposites for guided bone regeneration
Authors: Ramesh Srikanthan , Lungaro Lisa , Tsikritsis Dimitrios , Weflen Eric , Rivero Iris V. , Elfick Alistair P. D. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThis study presents and evaluates an approach for fabricating poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/chitosan (CS)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) electrospun scaffolds for guided bone regeneration, a dental procedure that uses membranes to direct and delineate regions of osteogenesis. Biomaterials were pre‐processed using cryomilling, a solid‐state grinding technique that facilitates the generation of powdered biocomposites conducive to electrospinning. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the generation of cryomilled blends consisting of PLA, CS, and TCP. Results from the differential scanning calorimetry showed an upward shift in glass transition temperature and an increase in crystallinity with the inclusion of TCP reinforcing the observations from XRD. Murine macrophages were used to confirm the biocompatibility of the cryomilled powders and was evaluated using CellTiter‐Blue (CTB) cell viability assay and brightfield microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the fibers produced via electrospinning, while Raman spectroscopy confirmed material homogeneity.In vitrostudies with MG‐63 cells validated the capacity of composite scaffolds to encourage proliferation, while Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering and fluorescence microscopies provided visual evidence of cell proliferation. CTB assay revealed that cells maintain viability and metabolic activity at 3 and 7 days after seeding, demonstrating the potential of the biocomposite membranes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46692.
Gold nanoparticle ensemble on polydopamine/graphene nanohybrid as a novel electrocatalyst for determination of baicalein
Authors: Wang Zefeng , Gou Gaozhang , Shi Ling , Yang Jin , Xu Chun , Zhang Li , Fan Aiping , Min Yong 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTA facile and green approach is used to synthesize polydopamine (PDA) functionalized reduced graphene oxide (RGO) via the self‐polymerization of dopamine (DA) under alkaline conditions. The obtained reduced RGO/PDA composite facilitate Au precursor adsorption. Then Au nanoparticles are reduced and assemble onto the surface of RGO/PDA composite form reduced RGO/PDA/gold (RGO/PDA/Au) nanocatalysts. After that, a sensitive electrochemical sensor for baicalein is fabricated based on RGO/PDA/Au nanocatalysts. In this method, the hydroxyl units of PDA can form hydrogen bonding with the phenolic hydroxyl groups of baicalein, making baicalein easily adsorb on the modified electrode surface to enhance the electrochemical response. The electrochemical mechanism of baicalein on the RGO/PDA/Au nanocatalysts modified GCE is thoroughly investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The fabricated electrochemical sensor show good electrochemical activity for baicalein. The linear range of baicalein is 1 × 10−8 to 15 × 10−6 mol L−1 with the detection limit of 3.1 × 10−9 mol L−1. Furthermore, the proposed electrochemical sensor can be used to detect real sample. The results reveal that this method provides a new avenue for electrochemical investigation of baicalein in biochemical, pharmaceutical, and clinical research. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 46720.
Effect of crosslinking agent on properties and morphology of water‐blown semirigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Luo Yinfu , Zou Jing , Li Jie , Zou Huawei , Liang Mei 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, triethanolamine (TEOA) is used as crosslinking agent, water‐blown semirigid polyurethane foams with different crosslinking agent content were prepared. The crosslinking density of polyurethane foams (PUFs) were adjusted and designed by changing the content of TEOA. The influence of crosslinking agent content on foaming process, apparent density, cell structure, microphase separation structure, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of PUFs has been studied. The cell structure, apparent density, and mean size of foams are closely related to foaming and gelation process. The results show that the crosslinking density is increased with the content of TEOA, and the swelling ratio of foams decreased from 294.9 to 194.7%. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicates that the promotion of crosslinking density can effectively restrict the movement of molecular chains, results in the glass‐transition temperature (T
g) of foams increased from −14.2 to −8.6 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis states that the carbon residue of foams has increased by 5%, because the addition of crosslinking density contributes to reducing and limiting the formation of volatile degradation products. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is shown that the introduction of TEOA is not conducive to the microphase separation of urea, resulting in the decrease of foam mechanical properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46753.
Migration and performance of erucamide slip additive in high‐density polyethylene bottle caps
Authors: Dulal N. , Shanks R. , Chalmers D. , Adhikari B. , Gill H. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTDiffusion of erucamide and their morphology on surface characteristics of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) screw caps depend on storage conditions. Erucamide performance relies on its amount, distribution, and consistency on the surface of HDPE. Specific application and removal torques can be achieved by controlling the amount of erucamide on the surface. The surface amount and the torque increased to an optimum level at 38 and 50 °C within 120 hours of incubation, while they remained unchanged for lower temperatures. Erucamide diffused to the surface and formed flat plate‐like crystal structures at similar time and temperature. These flat‐plates can slide over each other and provide the slip required to decrease the torque. An increase in contact angle demonstrated that hydrophobic hydrocarbon‐chains of amide slip additives were oriented toward the air interface. An optimum surface amount of erucamide for proper sealing torque could be produced at a different combination of storage time and temperature. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46822.
Compatibility of banana starch nanocrystals/poly(butylene succinate) bio‐nanocomposite packaging films
Authors: Saeng‐on Jittiporn , Aht‐Ong Duangdao 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThis work focused on the effects of compatibility techniques [i.e., modification of filler and addition of an l‐lysine diisocyanate (LDI) coupling agent] and filler content on the properties of bio‐nanocomposite films prepared using poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as a matrix and starch nanocrystals (SNC) as filler by chill‐roll cast film extrusion. The films reinforced with modified SNC had superior tensile and barrier properties than those reinforced with unmodified SNC or an added LDI. Elongation at break of 1%wt modified SNC/PBS film was increased up to 51.1% compared with neat PBS film. Water vapor transmission rate and oxygen transmission rate values of 9%wt modified SNC/PBS film (54.1 g m−2 day and 216.3 cc m−2 day) were lower than those of neat PBS film (114.5 g m−2 day and 560.3 cc m−2 day) due to the higher hydrophobicity and better dispersion of modified SNC in PBS leading to the superior properties of PBS films. The PBS bio‐nanocomposite films can be completely degraded within ~3 months under wastewater treatment condition. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46836.
Nodular structure and crystallinity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes: Impact on the performance of direct‐contact membrane distillation for nutrient isolation
Authors: Mohd Yatim Nur Suhaili , Abd. Karim Khairiah , Ooi Boon Seng 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study was to prepare a low‐surface‐energy poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane distillation via changes in its surface morphology and crystallinity. We found that membranes prepared at different polymer concentrations with a dual coagulation bath showed distinctive differences in terms of their physical and chemical properties. We found that when the polymer concentration was increased, both the pore sizes and porosities of the membranes decreased. In addition, the polymer concentration also resulted in significant changes to the surface roughness and morphology of the membrane, which were manifested through varied nodule shapes and sizes. Higher polymer concentrations gave better wetting resistance (higher liquid entry pressure) because of the increasing hydrophobic α‐phase crystallinity but suffered from a lower porosity (lower vapor permeability). At a higher PVDF concentration, we expected that the thermal efficiency would be lower (because of the lower porosity); however, we observed an appreciable contrast phenomenon due to the increasing nonconductive α‐phase, and this lowered the thermal conductivity. These observations showed that the wettability of the membrane very much depended on the chemical properties of PVDF. The optimum membrane (20% PVDF) showed a consistent nutrient rejection of more than 99% with a membrane flux of 9.491 kg m2 h ± 0.1 at a feed temperature of 90 °C. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46866.
Use of acoustic emission in the analysis of polypropylene failure caused by photodegradation
Authors: da Silva Jéssica Raquel M. B. , Nunes Lucas S. A. , Rabello Marcelo S. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPhotodegradation is among the most frequent causes for the low performance of polypropylene (PP) products during service. This type of failure has been investigated extensively throughout the years using conventional methods including infrared spectroscopy and molar mass measurements. The use of acoustic emission, conversely, is not a common technique to evaluate polymer behavior, even though showed to be very useful to detect and locate damage during loading, contributing to the understanding and, hence, to the prevention of failure. In this investigation, injection molded tensile bars were exposed to the ultraviolet radiation in the laboratory for periods of up to 35 weeks and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, tensile properties, and scanning electron microscopy. During tensile testing, the acoustic emission technique was applied to monitor parameters like intensity of hits, events, and energy released during deformation. The results confirmed the high efficiency of hindered amines light stabilizers to inhibit chemical degradation of PP and the high sensitivity of the neat polymer toward UV exposure. The several steps of polymer failure were detected by acoustic emission, being a very important tool to understand the differences in mechanical behavior of the types of samples under investigation. It showed the beginning of the failure process as well as significant events that occurred during the test, such as the formation of shear bands, cracking, and material fracture. These observations, combined with the traditional degradation monitoring procedures, allowed a good understanding of the effect of UV radiation on PP failure mechanism. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46943.
Preparation of binary and hybrid epoxy nanocomposites containing graphene oxide and rubber nanoparticles: Fracture toughness and mechanical properties
Authors: Mehrabi‐Kooshki Mahdi , Jalali‐Arani Azam 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBinary and hybrid epoxy nanocomposites modified with graphene oxide (GO) and core–shell rubbers (CSR) were synthesized via the solvent‐exchange method. X‐ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy of the samples showed a homogeneous dispersion of GO and CSR in the epoxy matrix. The tensile modulus and tensile strength of the samples modified with CSR decreased continuously with increasing CSR content; however, with the addition of only 0.05 phr GO to the neat epoxy and rubber‐modified epoxy, these properties significantly increased. The use of GO and CSR individually improved the fracture toughness, but the impact of GO was greater. The simultaneous use of GO and CSR improved both the fracture toughness and the mechanical properties. Our investigation of the toughening mechanism indicated that crack deflection–bifurcation, crack pinning, and particle debonding–pullout in the presence of GO nanosheets and limited rubber particle cavitation contributed to fracture toughness improvement in the hybrid systems. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46988.
Enhanced figure of merit of poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) and SWCNT thermoelectric composites by doping with FeCl3
Authors: Zhou X. , Pan C. , Liang A. , Wang L. , Wan T. , Yang G. , Gao C. , Wong W.‐Y. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole (F8BT) generally has a large Seebeck coefficient, and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have high electrical conductivity. In this work, we prepared F8BT/SWCNT composites to combine the good Seebeck coefficient of the polymer and the excellent electrical conductivity of SWCNTs to achieve enhanced thermoelectric properties. For the composite materials, the maximum power factor of 1 μW mK−2 was achieved when the SWCNT content was 60%, with the maximum ZT value of 4.6 × 10−4. After ferric chloride was employed as the oxidative dopant for the composites, the electrical conductivity of the composites improved significantly. The maximum value of power factor (1.7 μW mK−2) was achieved when the SWCNT content was 60%, and the ZT value of 7.1 × 10−4 was about 1.5 times as high as that of the composites with undoped F8BT. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47011.
Combination of polymeric substrates and metal–polymer nanocomposites for optical humidity sensors
Authors: Mahapure Poonam D. , Gangal S. A. , Aiyer R. C. , Gosavi S. W. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper reports a combination of self‐supported, 80‐μm‐thick polymeric substrates of poly(dimethyl siloxane), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly(N‐vinylpyridine) (PVP) and nanocomposites, silver nanoparticle (nAg)/0.1% PVP (S1) and nAg/0.1% PVA (S2), for use in optical‐transmission‐type humidity sensors. Composites are synthesized by a chemical reduction method at optimum conditions, giving particle sizes of 5–10 nm and 10–20 nm, respectively, for nAg/0.1% PVP and nAg/0.1% PVA. Composite formation is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The role of polymers in obtaining a smaller Ag particle size is studied using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The nanocomposite is coated onto substrates either on a single side or on both sides by dip coating. The humidity response of nAg/0.1% PVP‐0.1% PVP‐ nAg/0.1% PVP (S1‐PVP‐S1) sensors, measured using the direct optical transmission method, exhibits an enhancement in sensitivity [0.88 ± 0.04 (/% RH)] for the humidity range 6–94% RH and response (6 s) and recovery (8 s) times compared to nAg/0.1% PVP‐PVP S1‐PVP sensors and a linear response (R2 ≥ 0.99). An attempt is made to explain the sensing process with the help of FTIR spectra in dry and humid environments. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47035.
Ridge estimation of network models from time‐course omics data
Authors: Miok Viktorian , Wilting Saskia M. , van Wieringen Wessel N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTime‐course omics experiments enable the reconstruction of the dynamics of the cellular regulatory network. Here, we describe the means for this reconstruction and the downstream exploitation of the inferred network. It is assumed that one of the various vector‐autoregressive models (VAR) models presented here serves as a reasonably accurate description of the time‐course omics data. The models are estimated through ridge penalized likelihood maximization, accompanied by functionality for the determination of optimal penalty paramaters. Prior knowledge on the network topology is accommodated by the estimation procedures. Various routes that translate the fitted models into more tangible implications for the medical researcher are described. The network is inferred from the—nonsparse—ridge estimates through empirical Bayes probabilistic thresholding. The influence of a (trait of a) molecular entity at the current time on those at future time points is assessed by mutual information, impulse response analysis, and path decomposition of the covariance. The presented methodology is applied to the omics data from the p53 signaling pathway during HPV‐induced cellular transformation. All methodology is implemented in the ragt2ridges package, freely available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network.
Effects of English versus heritage language on play in bilingually exposed children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lim Nataly , Charlop Marjorie H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn alternating treatments design was used to assess the effects of the language of instruction (English vs. heritage language) on the play skills of four bilingually exposed children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Baseline consisted of 5‐min free‐play sessions conducted in English. Intervention consisted of two alternating conditions: 5‐min play sessions conducted in English or the participant's heritage language. During intervention, a play‐related instruction, comment, and verbal praise were made every 30 s. Results demonstrated that participants displayed more play behaviors in the heritage language than English condition. Ancillary data for one participant indicated that the occurrence of challenging behavior was lower in the heritage language condition. Results are discussed in terms of the inclusion of heritage languages in interventions for children with ASD.
Local anaesthesia for endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Mouton R , Rogers C A , Harris R A , Hinchliffe R J 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Case series and a post hoc subgroup analysis of a large randomized trial have suggested a potential benefit in treating ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs) using endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with local anaesthesia (LA) rather than general anaesthesia (GA). The uptake and outcomes of LA in clinical practice remain unknown.

Methods
The UK National Vascular Registry was interrogated for patients presenting with rAAA managed with EVAR under different modes of anaesthesia between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included: the number of centres performing EVAR under LA; the proportion of patients receiving this technique; duration of hospital stay; and postoperative complications.

Results
Some 3101 patients with rAAA were treated in 72 hospitals during the study: 2306 underwent on open procedure and 795 had EVAR (LA, 319; GA, 435; regional anaesthesia, 41). Overall, 56 of 72 hospitals (78 per cent) offered LA for EVAR of rAAA. Baseline characteristics and morphology were similar across the three EVAR subgroups. Patients who had surgery under LA had a lower in-hospital mortality rate than patients who received GA (59 of 319 (18·5 per cent) versus 122 of 435 (28·0 per cent)), and this was unchanged after adjustment for factors known to influence survival (adjusted hazard ratio 0·62, 95 per cent c.i. 0·45 to 0·85; P = 0·003). Median hospital stay and postoperative morbidity from other complications were similar.

Conclusion
The use of LA for EVAR of rAAA has been adopted widely in the UK. Mortality rates appear lower than in patients undergoing EVAR with GA.
What drives voluntary corporate water disclosures? The effect of country‐level institutions
Authors: Ben‐Amar Walid , Chelli Mohamed 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this cross‐country comparative research is twofold. First, it investigates the country‐level institutional factors that affect corporate incentives to voluntarily disclose water information. Second, it examines the way in which the interaction between formal and informal institutions affects corporate reporting decisions regarding water‐related risks. The results reveal that the country‐level legal system shapes the firm's propensity to voluntarily respond to the 2015 Carbon Disclosure Project water survey. Uncertainty avoidance and societal trust are negatively related to the propensity to provide voluntary water disclosures, whereas countries' future orientation is positively related to the likelihood of water reporting. More importantly, the results indicate that the effect of informal institutions on water disclosure practices is contingent on the strength of formal institutions at the country level. The paper contributes to the emerging water literature and provides insights on the effects of the interaction between formal and informal institutions on corporate behavior.
An Intraosseous Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor in the Anterior Maxilla: A Case Report
Authors: Ortiz Christopher R. , Wessel Jeffrey R. , Roman Ivan 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionThe calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), also known as the Pindborg tumor, is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm that accounts for <1% of all odontogenic tumors. It has a predilection for the mandible, especially the molar‐premolar region, and more commonly presents as an intraosseous tumor. Few cases have been reported of CEOT presenting in the anterior maxilla, and to date, an intraosseous CEOT has not been reported in the anterior maxilla unassociated with an impacted tooth.Case PresentationA 40‐year‐old male presented to the periodontics clinic for evaluation. Clinical exam was unremarkable for swelling, induration, or pulpal pathosis. Upon radiographic examination, a well‐defined radiolucency was observed between the mid‐roots of teeth #9 and #10. A cone‐beam computed tomography scan was taken that identified the coronal and palatal location of the intraosseous lesion. A full thickness flap was reflected on the palate, and osteoplasty was performed using piezoelectric instrumentation to expose the lesion. The lesion was enucleated and submitted for histologic evaluation. The site was grafted with bone allograft and a membrane. Histologic examination identified the lesion as a Pindborg tumor. A surgical revision was subsequently performed to ensure complete removal of the lesion. The site was re‐grafted using a guided tissue regeneration approach. The patient was followed for 11 months without recurrence.ConclusionThis case report describes successful management of the first asymptomatic intraosseous CEOT in the anterior maxilla in an adult patient.