bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid papillary breast carcinomas resembling the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid neoplasms (solid papillary carcinomas with reverse polarity) harbour recurrent mutations affecting IDH2 and PIK3CA: a validation cohort
Authors: Lozada John R , Basili Thais , Pareja Fresia , Alemar Barbara , Paula Arnaud Da Cruz , Gularte‐Merida Rodrigo , Giri Dilip D , Querzoli Patricia , Cserni Gabor , Rakha Emad A , Foschini Maria P , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Brogi Edi , Weigelt Britta , Geyer Felipe C 
Published: March 2018

AimsSolid papillary breast carcinoma resembling the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid neoplasms (BPTC), also known as solid papillary carcinoma with reverse polarity, is a rare histological type of breast cancer that resembles morphologically the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. BPTCs are characterised by IDH2 R172 hotspot somatic mutations or mutually exclusive TET2 somatic mutations, concurrently with mutations affecting PI3K pathway‐related genes. We sought to characterise their histology and investigate the frequency of IDH2 and PIK3CA mutations in an independent cohort of BPTCs, as well as in conventional solid papillary carcinomas (SPCs).Methods and resultsSix BPTCs, not previously analysed molecularly, and 10 SPCs were reviewed centrally. Tumour DNA was extracted from microdissected histological sections and subjected to Sanger sequencing of the IDH2 R172 hotspot locus and exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA. All six BPTCs were characterised by solid, papillary and follicular architecture with circumscribed, invasive tumour nodules composed of epithelial cells with reverse polarity. IDH2 mutations were identified in all six BPTCs (three R172S, two R172T and one R172G), four of which also harboured PIK3CA mutations (two H1047R, one Q546K and one Q546R). By contrast, all SPCs lacked IDH2 mutations, while one of 10 harboured a PIK3CA mutation (H1047R).ConclusionWe validated the presence of IDH2 R172 hotspot mutations and PIK3CA hotspot mutations in 100% and 67% BPTCs tested, respectively, and documented absence of IDH2 R172 mutations in SPCs. These findings confirm the genotypical–phenotypical correlation reported previously in BPTC, which constitutes an entity distinct from conventional SPC.
Deformation path of amygdules in basic schists in Itoshima area, northern Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Yamasaki Yukiko , Ikeda Takeshi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA deformation path of amygdules in basic schists that underwent contact metamorphism in Itoshima area, northern Kyushu, Japan, has been revealed using shape and internal microstructure of the amygdules. The amygdules are filled mainly with plagioclase that was recrystallized during the contact metamorphism. Crystal size of the plagioclase decreases with increasing aspect ratio of the amygdules. Some amygdules with low‐aspect ratio contain plagioclase showing flat twin boundaries. This suggests that such amygdules were undeformed after peak of the contact metamorphism and preserved the strain accumulated until then, which probably includes prograde stage of the contact metamorphism and former regional Renge metamorphism. In contrast, the amygdules with high‐aspect ratio underwent superimposition of deformation taking place after peak of the contact metamorphism. The strain analysis shows the constriction types for the former amygdules while the plane‐strain types for the latter. This reveals a deformation path of the amygdules such that the constrictional strain before the peak of contact metamorphism was partially overprinted by later flattening strain, showing the apparent plane‐strain types.
Spring migratory routes and stopover duration of satellite‐tracked Eurasian Teals Anas crecca wintering in Italy
Authors: Giunchi Dimitri , Baldaccini Natale E. , Lenzoni Alfonso , Luschi Paolo , Sorrenti Michele , Cerritelli Giulia , Vanni Lorenzo 
Published: March 2018

Identifying an organism's migratory strategies and routes has important implications for conservation. For most species of European ducks, information on the general course of migration, revealed by ringing recoveries, is available, whereas tracking data on migratory movements are limited to the largest species. In the present paper, we report the results of a tracking study on 29 Eurasian Teals, the smallest European duck, captured during the wintering period at three Italian sites. The departure date of spring migration was determined for 21 individuals, and for 15 the entire spring migratory route was reconstructed. Most ducks departed from wintering grounds between mid‐February and March following straight and direct routes along the Black Sea‐Mediterranean flyway. The breeding sites, usually reached by May, were spread from central to north‐Eastern Europe to east of the Urals. The migratory speed was slow (approximately 36 km/day on average) because most birds stopped for several weeks at stopover sites, mainly in south‐eastern Europe, especially at the very beginning of migration. The active flight migration segments were covered at much higher speeds, up to 872 km/day. Stopover duration tended to be shorter when birds were closer to their breeding site. These results, based on the largest satellite tracking effort for this species, revealed for the first time the main features of the migratory strategies of individual Teals wintering in Europe, such as the migration timing and speed and stopover localization and duration.
Identification of potential source and sink areas for butterflies on the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Pulido‐Pastor Antonio , Márquez Ana Luz , García‐Barros Enrique , Real Raimundo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe dynamic analysis of geographical distribution is relevant to identify the processes that underlie any changes of geographical ranges. This is an essential element of both biogeography and conservation biology. Fuzzy logic, in particular the fuzzy concept of favourability for species occurrence, helps to perform a dynamic interpretation of the internal complexity of species ranges.We modelled the distributions of the 222 Iberian butterflies using favourability functions and 92 environmental variables (spatial, climatic, topographic, geological and indicators of human activity). We obtained a significant environmental favourability model for each butterfly.We identified the potential sources and sinks in the distribution area of each butterfly species using their respective favourability and presence–absence maps, considering as sources only those areas with high favourability where the butterfly is present, and sinks only those areas with low favourability where the butterfly is present too.The source areas for the Iberian butterflies are concentrated in the north of the peninsula, mainly in the mountain ranges (Cantabrian Range, Pyrenees and Central Range). Sink areas are more dispersed all around the peninsula. We found a concentration of sink locations in eastern Iberia (Alicante and Murcia provinces) and in the southwestern area (Doñana National Park).This may be helpful when implementing conservation measures, by providing a biogeographical dynamic interpretation of the roles of different parts of the distribution range of the species. Preserving the processes that link sources with sinks is critical for maintaining or improving the sustainability of populations.
Near visual acuity of dental hygienists with and without magnification
Authors: Eichenberger M , Perrin P , Sieber KR , Lussi A 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the visual performance of dental hygienists in their clinical environment and (ii) to analyse the relationship between self‐assessed and objectively measured visual acuity.MethodsThe near visual acuity of 191 dental hygienists and dental hygiene students was self‐assessed with a visual analogue scale and objectively measured with miniaturized visual tests in a simulated clinical setting. The visual acuity was also measured with magnification aids if they were part of the individual clinical equipment. The influence of age and magnification on the near visual acuity was analysed.ResultsThe visual performance with respect to dental working distance showed a variability of 300% in the dimension of the smallest recognized structure. A weak positive correlation between the self‐assessed and objectively measured visual performance (Spearman's rank correlation = 0.27) and a highly significant impact of the test person's age and the use of loupes (both P < .0001) were found. Test subjects ≥40 years exhibited a similar visual acuity when using loupes compared to the visual acuity of test subjects <40 years without loupes.ConclusionsThe visual performance with respect to dental working distance cannot be self‐assessed and varies individually. Dental hygienists and students of dental hygiene with a weak near visual acuity were not aware of their deficiencies. Optical aids should be used to compensate for individual visual deficiencies and are mandatory above an age of 40 years due to the effects of presbyopia.
Efficacy of chlorhexidine as a final irrigant in one‐visit root canal treatment: a prospective comparative study
Authors: Miçooğulları Kurt S. , Çalışkan M. K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate postoperative pain and radiographic evidence of periapical healing in teeth with apical periodontitis treated in one visit with an additional final irrigation using 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and to compare the results with conventional two‐visit root canal treatment (RCT) with an intracanal calcium hydroxide (CH) dressing as a control group.MethodologyNinety asymptomatic maxillary anterior teeth with periapical lesions were treated by a single operator. Root canals were prepared using the step‐back technique with manual instrumentation with 2.5% NaOCl and 5% EDTA as irrigants. Half of the teeth were randomly assigned to the one‐visit (OV) group and received an additional final rinse with 2% CHX before canal filling. The other teeth were treated in two visits (TV) with a CH paste made by mixing CH powder and distilled water as an interappointment dressing. All patients were recalled and investigated clinically and radiographically for 24 months. Postoperative pain at 24–48 h and changes in apical bone density indicating radiographic healing were evaluated statistically using the Mann–Whitney U‐test followed by the Friedman and the Wilcoxon tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThere were no significant differences between two groups regarding the incidence of postoperative pain at 24 h (OV group 50% no pain, 47.6% mild, 2.4% moderate pain/TV group 55% no pain, 42.5% mild, 2.5% moderate pain) and at 48 h (OV group 95% no pain, 5% mild pain/TV group 98% no pain, 2% mild pain). None of the patients reported severe postoperative pain, swelling and/or flare‐ups during the follow‐up period. There was no significant difference in the radiographic healing rates (OV group 97.6% PAI 1 and/or PAI 2 and 2.4% PAI 3/TV group 95% PAI 1 and/or PAI 2 and 5% PAI 3; P > 0.05).ConclusionBoth groups provided favourable and similar postoperative pain and periapical healing rates at 24 months. Thus, one‐visit RCT with a final rinse with 2% CHX is an acceptable alternative to two‐visit RCT with CH as temporary dressing in maxillary anterior teeth.
A study on the effect of presence of CeO2 and benzotriazole on activation of self‐healing mechanism in ZrO2 ceramic‐based coating
Authors: Mersagh Dezfuli Saeid , Sabzi Masoud 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this study, the effect of presence of CeO2 and benzotriazole inhibitor agent on activation of self‐healing reactions and the corrosion behavior of ZrO2 ceramic‐based coating are evaluated. The ZrO2 and ZrO2‐CeO2‐benzotriazole ceramic‐based coatings were synthesized using sol–gel process and heat treated at 150°C. Afterward, X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM) were utilized to evaluate the phase analysis and morphology of these coatings. In addition, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used for elemental analysis of obtained coatings. Corrosion and self‐healing behavior of the coatings were investigated in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization tests. The results of XRD analysis revealed the amorphous nature of both coatings. FE‐SEM observations and EDS analysis results showed the presence of benzotriazole inhibitor agent and self‐healing reactions in the cracks and defects of ZrO2‐CeO2‐benzotriazole ceramic‐based coating. Moreover, results of electrochemical tests revealed that the presence of CeO2 and benzotriazole inhibitor agent in the ZrO2 ceramic‐based coating results in intense increases in the corrosion resistance of this coating by activating the self‐healing mechanism and forming passive layers.
The synthesis and mechanical properties of high pure Ti2Al(Sn)C solid solution
Authors: Cai Leping , Huang Zhenying , Hu Wenqiang , Lei Cong , Wo Shaoshuai , Li Xinkang , Zhai Hongxiang , Zhou Yang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHigh pure Ti2Al(1−x)SnxC (x = 0‐1) powders were synthesized using Ti, Al, Sn, and TiC powders as raw materials by pressureless sintering method. The influence of sintering temperature and raw material ratio on the purity of Ti2AlC and Ti2Al0.8Sn0.2C powders were investigated. The results show that pure Ti2AlC and Ti2Al0.8Sn0.2C powders were obtained from the mixed raw materials ratio of Ti:1.1Al:0.9TiC and Ti:0.9Al:0.2Sn:0.9TiC at 1450°C, respectively. Subsequently, fully dense Ti2AlC and Ti2Al0.8Sn0.2C bulks were prepared using mechanically alloying and hot pressed sintering method. The Vickers hardness of Ti2AlC and Ti2Al0.8Sn0.2C approaches approximately about 6 GPa and 4 GPa, the flexural strength was measured to be 650 ± 36 MPa and 521 ± 33 MPa, respectively. Microstructural analysis reveals that grain delamination, kink bands, and crack deflection occurred around the indentation area and at the fracture surface.
Foaming during nuclear waste melter feeds conversion to glass: Application of evolved gas analysis
Authors: Hujova Miroslava , Pokorny Richard , Klouzek Jaroslav , Lee Seungmin , Traverso Joseph J. , Schweiger Michael J. , Kruger Albert A. , Hrma Pavel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDuring the final stages of batch‐to‐glass conversion in a waste‐glass melter, gases evolving in the cold cap produce primary foam, the formation and collapse of which control the glass production rate via its effect on heat transfer to the reacting batch. We performed quantitative evolved gas analysis (EGA) for several HLW melter feeds with temperatures ranging from 100 to 1150°C, the whole temperature span in a cold cap. EGA results were supplemented with visual observation of batch‐to‐glass transition using the feed expansion tests. Upon heating, most of the gases—mainly H2O, CO2, NO, NO2, N2, and O2—evolve at temperatures below 700°C and escape directly to the atmosphere through open porosity. However, as open porosity closes when enough glass‐forming melt appears at ~720°C, the residual gas evolution leads to the formation of primary foam. We found that primary foaming is mostly caused by the decomposition of residual carbonates, though oxygen evolution from iron‐redox reaction can also play a role. We also show that the gas evolution shifts to a higher temperature when the heating rate increases. The implications for the mathematical modeling of foam layer in the cold cap are presented.
Immune privilege disruption in folliculotropic mycosis fungoides: investigation of major histocompatibility complex antigen expression
Authors: Deonizio Janyana M. D. , Guitart Joan , Yazdan Pedram , Mulinari‐Brenner Fabiane , Sotto Mirian N. , Sanches José A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundFolliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) is a cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma mainly affecting the hair follicle, which seems to represent a place of immune privilege phenomenon.ObjectivesTo explore a possible role of immune privilege (IP) in FMF analyzing the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression.MethodsImmunohistochemistry for HLA‐G and MHC‐II was performed to formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded cutaneous skin biopsies of FMF patients (n = 43), conventional mycosis fungoides (CMF; n = 13), alopecia areata (AA; n = 13), and normal scalp skin (NS; n = 12).ResultsHLA‐G expression was lower in FMF (34%: 14/41) and CMF (18%: 2/11) groups compared to alopecia areata (92%:11/12) and normal scalp skin group (100%: 12/12). MHC‐II expression in hair follicle was greater in the FMF group (18/42: 43%) compared to AA (0%) and NS (0%). HLA‐G and MHC‐II expression in cellular infiltrate had no difference among FMF and CMF groups and was different compared to the AA group.ConclusionsOur data support the hypothesis of disruption of immune privilege based on the lower expression of HLA‐G and higher expression of MHC‐II in the follicular epithelium in mycosis fungoides compared to alopecia areata and normal scalp skin. The lack of difference between FMF and CMF groups did not support the role of these molecules as a driver of folliculotropism. The expression of MHC molecules seems to be different between neoplastic and inflammatory infiltrates. The definitive significance of expression of the MHC molecules remains unclear, and more studies are necessary to fully understand the role of these molecules in cutaneous lymphomas.
Addition of crude tiger nut protein extract affects stiffness of enzymatically cross‐linked dairy proteins
Authors: Kizzie‐Hayford Nazir , Raak Norbert , Jaros Doris , Rohm Harald 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe influence of crude tiger nut protein extract on the gel properties of enzymatically cross‐linked dairy proteins was investigated. Enzymatic cross‐linking of dairy proteins in the presence of crude tiger nut proteins caused the formation of larger casein polymers and increased the degree of polymerisation. Gel stiffness of acidified products containing whey proteins was higher when cross‐linking occurred in the presence of crude tiger nut proteins. The results are relevant for improving the textural characteristics of acidified aqueous tiger nut extract (tiger nut milk) enriched in dairy proteins.
Hydrolysed collagen from Lates calcarifer skin: its acute toxicity and impact on cell proliferation and collagen production of fibroblasts
Authors: Benjakul Soottawat , Karnjanapratum Supatra , Visessanguan Wonnop 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAcute toxicity in Wistar rat and the impact of hydrolysed collagen (HC) from seabass skin on in vitro cell proliferation and collagen production were studied using L929 fibroblasts. HC was rich in glycine (326 residue/1000 residue) and imino acids (196 residue/1000 residue). MALDI mass spectrum of HC showed several low MW peptides with MW range of 1050–1330 Da as the major components. Based on acute oral cytotoxicity test in Wistar rat, HC was considered as safe with LD50 value higher than 5000 mg kg−1 body. HC could promote L929 cell growth, especially when used in combination with vitamin C (VitC) at a ratio of 2:1. HC/VitC (2:1) mixture also exhibited the higher enhancement effect on collagen production of L929 cells, compared with HC or VitC alone. Thus, HC could be a promising candidate for biological applications, especially in combination with VitC, as nutraceuticals for skin care.
Oestrogen‐related receptor reduces vitellogenin expression by crosstalk with the ecdysone receptor pathway in female silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Shen G. , Wu J. , Han C. , Liu H. , Xu Y. , Zhang H. , Lin Y. , Xia Q. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOestrogen‐related receptor (ERR) is involved in oestrogen receptor (ER) signalling pathways owing to its similarity to ER in terms of domain structure and co‐activator and response elements. Although insects lack ER, they harbour an ERR gene that is thought to modulate metabolism and energy conversion via an unknown mechanism. The present study investigated the function of ERR in insects using female silkworm (Bombyx mori, Bm). We found that the expression of B. mori vitellogenin (BmVg) and B. mori ERR (BmERR) in the fat bodies of female silkworms at different stages of development exhibited alternating patterns, and RNA interference of BmERR in females induced BmVg transcription, resulting in an increase in egg weight relative to the control. Furthermore, BmERR was found to be involved in regulating the transcription of BmVg through an oestrogen‐related receptor response element (ERRE) in the promoter of the BmVg gene, as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, cell transfection assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. In summary, our results indicate that BmERR bound to the ERRE motif in the BmVg promoter reducing the expression of BmVg in the fat body of the female silkworm. To our surprise, the ERRE also showed the ability to bind the ecdysone receptor (BmEcR) and ultraspiracle complex. Thus, we surmise that ERR participates in steroid hormone signalling by engaging in crosstalk with the ER pathway in vertebrates and with the EcR pathway in insects.
Bombyx mori epidermal growth factor receptor is required for nucleopolyhedrovirus replication
Authors: Jin S. , Cheng T. , Guo Y. , Lin P. , Zhao P. , Liu C. , Kusakabe T. , Xia Q. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBaculovirus–host interactions are important models for studying the biological control of lepidopteran pests. Research on baculovirus–host interactions has focussed on baculovirus manipulation of cellular signalling pathways, including the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signalling pathways. However, the mechanism underlying ERK and PI3K/Akt activation and function in response to baculovirus infection remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that baculovirus activated the Bombyx mori ERK and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways via the B. mori epidermal growth factor receptor (BmEGFR). To further characterize the function of the BmEGFR/ERK signalling pathway in baculovirus replication, we calculated genome‐wide changes in kinase–chromatin interactions for ERK after baculovirus infection using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high‐throughput sequencing. A Gene Ontology analysis showed that virus infection had effects on the biological regulation, cellular process and metabolic process pathways. Moreover, ERK was shown to regulate the transcription of late viral genes. Taken together, our results suggest that baculoviruses manipulate components of the host cell machinery for replication via modulation of the BmEGFR signalling pathway.
Xenopus laevis macrophage‐like cells produce XCL‐1, an intelectin family serum lectin that recognizes bacteria
Authors: Nagata Saburo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractXenopus laevis Ca2+‐dependent lectin‐1 (XCL‐1) is an intelectin family serum lectin that selectively recognizes carbohydrate chains on the bacterial cell surface. Immunofluorescence examination of control spleen tissues from normal X. laevis revealed cells producing XCL‐1 (XCL‐1+ cells) exclusively in red pulps. Intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused a marked increase in the number of XCL‐1+ cells in red pulps on day 3, followed by a rapid decrease to near control levels by day 7. XCL‐1+ cells were also detected in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and peritoneal exudate cells (PECs), and their numbers increased upon LPS injection until day 7. The XCL‐1+ cells exhibited the morphological characteristics of macrophages, with a large oval or lobulated nucleus and abundant cytoplasm with vacuoles and dendritic projections. Western blot analyses revealed concurrent increases in XCL‐1 levels in the spleen, PBLs, and PECs. When LPS‐stimulated frogs were intraperitoneally injected with paraformaldehyde‐fixed, green fluorescent protein‐labeled E. coli cells (GFP‐Eco), these were phagocytosed by XCL‐1+ PECs. The purified XCL‐1 protein agglutinated GFP‐Eco in a Ca2+‐dependent manner, which was blocked effectively by xylose and partly by LPS and Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan, but not by sucrose. These results indicate that X. laevis macrophage‐like cells produce XCL‐1 and suggest that XCL‐1 promotes the clearance of invaded bacteria by facilitating phagocytosis.