bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal and combustion characteristics of a double ring burner with different swirling flow patterns
Authors: Saad H E , Kamal M , Adel A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The swirling effect on the gas hob of double ring domestic LPG burner was investigated using 4 patterns of swirl orientation: Co swirl, Counter swirl, Star pattern swirl and, the radial flow as a Benchmarking cooker burner. To improve future domestic gas burners thermal efficiency and CO emissions of these burners are compared using LPG. The influence of Reynolds number and the pan height above the flame (as normalized by the Burner outer diameter) has been studied. The results showed that using swirl motion increased both the thermal efficiency and CO emissions, except for the Star pattern burner whereby the thermal efficiency increased while the CO emissions decreased. Increasing the pan height to the burner outer diameter decreased the thermal efficiency and CO emissions under all operating conditions due to lower pigmentation of the flame to the pan bottom which reduces the heat transfer from the flames to the heated pan. For the counter flow burner, the efficiency increased by 2.1% from the radial one while it increased by 1.7% and 0.9 % for the co swirl and star pattern respectively. On the other hand, the CO emission decreased by 33% for the star pattern burner from the benchmark one.
Automated unsupervised change detection technique from RGB color image
Authors: Gomaa M , hamza E , Elhifnawy H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Change detection is an important process for many applications such as monitoring the effects of environmental hazards, landslides, rock fall and city development projects. RGB images are commonly used as commercial sources of data for monitoring changes visually because they have powerful descriptive information for different features. Automation of detected changes from two RGB images is a challenge because the two images are usually captured in different environments, as temperature, sun angle, clouds, capturing time …etc. The objective of this research is to introduce an automated technique for detecting changes from RGB image based on color channels. The image pixel is represented as a set of its color channels values, R, G and B which is called color signature of image pixel. A real data is used to fulfil the research objective without pre-knowledge about the changes. The correlation coefficients are calculated between color signatures of each two associated pixels from two different registered high resolution satellite images for the same area of study. The detected pixels of changes are identified based on specific correlation value that is identified based on degree of change sensitivity. The degree of sensitivity is based on the importance of detection procedure that is considered as a main part of decision making for risk and crisis management system. The proposed technique is unsupervised and fully automated. It can be applied through a real time process based on the processing capabilities, size and resolution of input images. This technique is easy to use and gives accurate results with neglecting the effects of atmospheric effects.
Theoretical and experimental study of underwater explosion performance of selected explosive compositions
Authors: Hawass Ahmed , Elbeih Ahmed , Mostafa Hosam E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Measurements of underwater explosion parameters and their effects are still the major problem for naval designer. In this study, thermo-chemical calculations have been carried out using EXPLO5 code to determine the underwater explosion parameters for different selected explosive mixtures. Preparation of the different types of explosive mixtures based on melt cast explosive (TNT) and plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) based on polyurethane binder system were presented. The effect of different aluminum weight percentage for the selected explosive mixture has been investigated with respect to the impulse and the resulted deformation. Underwater experimental measurements of the prepared explosive mixtures based on steel plate’s deformation were determined and compared. It was concluded that PBX based on RDX in addition to 25 wt% aluminum and 30wt% ammonium perchlorate produces the highest underwater explosion performance from all the tested samples. This explosive mixture is candidate to replace the traditional well known TNT in the underwater explosive applications.
Crystal structure and optical properties of 1D-bi based organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite
Authors: Kandeel Mohamed F. , Abdel-Aal Seham K. , El-Sherif Ashraf F. , Ayoub H. S. , Abdel-Rahman Ahmed S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the pages that follow,the structure of the crystal, unit cell dimension and complete structure information will be shown by single crystal x-ray diffraction and measuring some physical properties of 1D propylene diammonium pentachloro bismuthate [(NH3)2(CH2)3]BiCl5 organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHs).Slow evaporation method is used to prepared the synthesis. The process of preparation occurred by mixing ethanolic solution of equimolar ratios (1:1) of its basic components (organic / inorganic). The Bi hybrid crystallized in orthorhombic non centro-symetric Pca21 structure with 8 molecules per unit cell.The unit cell parameters are a = 19.8403 (7) Å, b = 6.3303 (2) Å, c = 19.0314 (7) Å. The average C-C bond lengths are 1.50Å. The average N-C bond lengths are 1.47Å. The connection between organic parts to inorganic part is via hydrogen bond (H. Bond). Raman spectroscopy and also Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have been used to study the vibrational spectra that shows the main diffraction peaks and their assignment. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) method is used to study the optical properties and show that there is a strong absorption in the UV region for Bi hybrid. Kubelka–Munk equation has been used to calculate the band gap energy and indicates that the band gap for the present investigated hybrid is equals 3.15 eV.
Enhanced Grayscale Image Transmission Over HF Channel
Authors: Mashaly Ahmed S. , Mekkawy Tamer 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Image transmission over HF communication is suitable for long-distance coverage beyond the line of sight and across intercontinental. Unfortunately, the channel condition is degraded with low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and multi-path spreading. In this paper, we aim to transmit images over HF channel and introduce some techniques to improve the received noisy images. First, a Least square estimation technique is applied to estimate the channel state information, then we propose an enhanced filter to reduce image noise effect and improve the received image appearance. This proposed enhanced filter is based on our enhanced version of the Median Filter (MF) and the Mathematical Morphology (MM). Simulation results assess the performance of the proposed filter compared with the performance of some popular filters, we conclude that the proposed enhanced filter can be used for any further detection and recognition operations, and it introduces promising results which can be used for real-time implementation with different computer vision applications.
Structural behaviour of inflatable PVC fabric cylindrical tubes
Authors: Okda Sherif , Akl Wael , Elsabbagh Adel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Inflatable structures are light weight structures that have often been proposed for aerospace applications. They are light in weight, easily manufacturable and foldable. Thus, they can be easily transported and deployed in space. However, the proper characterization for their properties of these structures is still missing.
The work done in this paper aims at studying the structural properties of inflatable cylindrical tubes, manufactured from PVC fabric. The cylindrical tubes are fixed as cantilever beams and subjected to a load at the beam tip. Samples of different sizes are tested under different inflation pressures and loads. Load-deflection curves are recorded for each test. Results show that the beam stiffness increases with the increase of inflation pressure and beam cross sectional area. The inflatable beams show linear behaviour up to a certain critical load at which wrinkling occurs. Beyond this load the behaviour of the beam becomes nonlinear and can be unstable. Hysteresis phenomenon is also observed during the unloading of the beam. In addition, Free vibration analysis was conducted to study the effect of inflation pressure on the beam natural frequency. This work is a part of project aiming to design and manufacture an inflatable wind turbine blade to overcome the drawbacks of conventional blades.
A proposed index to assess commonality among aircraft product families
Authors: Heikal Eman A. , El-Kharbotly Amin K. , El-Beheiry Mohammed M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Market increasing competition escalate the challenges facing aeronautics companies to satisfy the diversity of aircrafts applications while keeping design and manufacturing cost of Aircrafts as low as possible. Modularity and commonality in Aircrafts design have been recognized as solution for the stated challenge. Commonality in aeronautics result in offering different aircrafts models at lower costs that broader the use of aircrafts. For modular product design the need to assess the degree of modularity or commonality arises, and many researchers have been motivated for designing various commonality indices for specific focus to assess commonality to evaluate the benefits and compare between the degree of commonality among various product families. This paper proposes new commonality index within design concern that take into account products production quantities. Commonality is assessed for different products quantities patterns using one of previous design concern index (e.g DCI) and using developed CPF. CPF give consistent commonality assessment unlike any design focus commonality index such DCI. Consequently, it is concluded that commonality assessment must be based on the actual production quantity of common modules used unlike previous approaches that based their commonality assessment on the number of times common modules can be used in the fixed design of products within product family. Therefore, the developed index could assess the commonality across various Aircrafts product families more effectively than previous measures.
Design and Implementation of an Advanced Radar Signal Processor with Waveform Generator and BIST Unit on a Single FPGA Chip
Authors: Abdel Razek Ahmed M. , Ahmed Fathy M. , Kamel Hazem , Mahfouz Wael , Moustafa K. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are best suited for signal processing applications that require real-time processing. Therefore, it is preferred over DSP processors in implementing radar receivers that processes incoming continuous stream of data. In the past, implementing complex arithmetic operations in floating point representation was a monopoly on DSP processors and the designers had to work around the sequential nature of the DSP processor to make it suitable for real-time applications by using buffered and multi-clocking designs. But nowadays, the great advances in FPGA design technology minimized this design effort since it is capable of performing these complex algorithms in real time. This paper represents the design and implementation of an advanced radar signal processor for binary phase-coded pulsed radar incorporating a time range side lobes suppression technique on a single FPGA chip. The proposed hardware design includes a waveform generator, an advanced signal processing unit, and a built-in self-test (BIST). Design aspects and hardware details for each part is introduced thoroughly.
Modeling and prediction of aerodynamic characteristics of free fall rotating wing based on experiments
Authors: Zakaria Mohamed Y. , dos Santos Carlos R. , Dayhoum Abdallah , Marques Flávio D. , Hajj Muhammad R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The unsteady vortex lattice method (UVLM) is used to model the aerodynamic loading on different Samara leaves (Maple seed) during their steady state flight. Experiments is performed to verify the analytical results. Parameters including the drop speed, angular velocity and coning angle for different sets of Maple Samaras were determined from experiments. The aerodynamic loads were calculated using UVLM against the forces required for maintaining a steady state flight as obtained from the experiment. Consequently, the UVLM approach yields adequate aerodynamic modelling features that can be used for more accurate flight stability analysis of the Samara flight or of decelerator devices inspired by such flight.
Automatic fire fighting robot with notification
Authors: Jalani J , Misman D , Sadun A S , Hong L C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In real life, fire accidents can happen anytime and anywhere that usually hardly controllable. Fire accidents can damage the buildings, kill human and may cause unpredictable losses. In addition, death not only due to the fire but also from smoke inhalation and toxic gases. Therefore the fire security is important to human life. Note that the human is difficult to detect the fire in the location that is hard to reach or see by a human. Moreover, the human also may take a lot of time to extinguish fire due to the fact that finding a water source can be troublesome. Therefore, an automatic firefighting robot has been designed and proposed in this study. This robot used 3 flame sensors to detect the fire. It also equipped with 3 ultrasonic sensors for obstacle avoiding which protecting the robot and the internal components from any obstacles. Each sensor on the robot is controlled by the Arduino. Apart from the sensors, the robot is also equipped with the water tank that provides water once the fire is detected. The robot will move randomly in the room when the power is on. When the flame sensors detected the fire, the robot will move to the fire source and send a warning message to the user. Once the robot reached the burning area, it will stop at a certain distance and extinguish the fire by using water.
Flexible flow shop scheduling problem with setup times and blocking constraint via genetic algorithm and simulation
Authors: Zhang Meng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Flexible flow shop scheduling problem (FFSP) is recognized as an important class of problems in manufacturing systems. To consider more actual production factors, such as transportation time, setup times, blocking constraint, etc., we solved the FFSP using the improved genetic algorithm (GA) and discrete event simulation (DES). Firstly, a mathematical model for FFSP with the objective of minimizing total completion time was established. Besides, a GA mixed with Palmer heuristic algorithm was proposed to solve the mathematical model. Moreover, a DES software-plant simulation-was used to establish a more realistic production model, and an actual production workshop was modeled and optimized. After optimization, the total completion time and equipment utilization were greatly improved compared with the original scheduling. It shows the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method to solve the actual FFSP.
Extending Blade-Element Model to Contra-Rotating Configuration
Authors: Gur Ohad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Blade element model is one of the most popular models for rotating-wing analysis and design. Many legacy tools are based on blade-element and capable of analysing only a single-rotating configuration. The current scope suggests a simple and effective method for extending such applications to contra-rotating configurations. The model based on the classic axial-momentum theory and assumes rigid wake. The method is validated versus results from propeller, hovering rotor, and prop-fan experiments. The experiments present both single and dual-rotating wing configuration, which share the same blade geometry and test facilities. This enables the isolation of the single-versus dual-rotating configuration influences, thus validating the suggested model with high level-of-confidence. The validation shows that the same trends of the single-rotating model appears in the dual-rotating analyses. Moreover, the difference between single and dual rotating configuration is replicated accurately compared to the test results. This proves the validity of the suggested model extension. The model validation also exhibits the differences between the accuracy of the forward and rear rotating disk in the contra-rotating configuration. The rear disk contributes by the no-swirled wake and exhibits accurate results compared to the forward disk which operate similar to a single rotating wing, hence suffers from the same inaccuracies.
Residual inflammatory risk after contemporary lipid lowering therapy
Authors: Riaz Haris , Khan Safi U , Lateef Noman , Talluri Swapna , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Desai Milind Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in targeting inflammation to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with cardiovascular risk. Statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, and ezetimibe have been shown to reduce MACE owing to reduction in low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-c). Herein, we investigate whether the intensity of these agents is associated with (i) discernible reduction in inflammation measured by the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP); (ii) reduction in MACE; (iii) if there is an association between the baseline hsCRP and MACE.

Methods and results
Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors with placebos/active controls and reported MACEs and hsCRP (mg/L). Studies were stratified based on baseline hsCRP (&lt;2, 2–3, &gt;3) with subgroup analysis conducted across each stratum. Fourteen RCTs including 133 109 patients randomized into more intensive therapy (MIT) and less intensive therapy were selected. Meta-analysis did not demonstrate any significant differences between use of MIT and hsCRP levels (mean difference, −0.02; CI, −0.06, 0.02; P = 0.31). The MIT significantly reduced the risk of MACE (RR, 0.82; CI, 0.75, 0.91; P &lt; 0.001). The relative risk and absolute risk remained consistent across the strata. However, there was a 0.5% statistically significant absolute risk reduction in all-cause mortality in patients with higher hsCRP (RD, −0.005; CI, −0.009, −0.001; P = 0.01).

Conclusion
Overall, LDL-c lowering therapies reduce relative risk of MACEs particularly in patients with higher baseline hsCRP. However, there appears to be a residual inflammatory risk despite the use of contemporary lipid lowering agents.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition by MCC950 in Aged Mice Improves Health via Enhanced Autophagy and PPARα Activity
Authors: Marín-Aguilar Fabiola , Castejón-Vega Beatriz , Alcocer-Gómez Elísabet , Lendines-Cordero Debora , Cooper Matthew A , de la Cruz Patricia , Andújar-Pulido Eloísa , Pérez-Alegre Mónica , Muntané Jordi , Pérez-Pulido Antonio J , Ryffel Bernhard , Robertson Avril A B , Ruiz-Cabello Jesús , Bullón Pedro , Cordero Mario D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome has emerged as an important regulator of metabolic disorders and age-related diseases in NLRP3-deficient mice. In this article, we determine whether, in old mice C57BL6J, the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 is able to attenuate age-related metabolic syndrome to providing health benefits. We report that MCC950 attenuates metabolic and hepatic dysfunction in aged mice. In addition, MCC950 inhibited the Pi3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, enhanced autophagy, and activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in vivo and in vitro. The data suggest that MCC950 mediates the protective effects by the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition, thus activating autophagy and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 in aged mice has a significant impact on health. Thus, NLRP3 may be a therapeutic target of human age-related metabolic syndrome.
The Path of the Boomerang: Human Rights Campaigns, Third-Party Pressure, and Human Rights
Authors: Allendoerfer Michelle Giacobbe , Murdie Amanda , Welch Ryan M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
How can information campaigns of nongovernmental human rights organizations (HROs) to “name and shame” human rights violators improve human rights conditions? Is the effect direct—does HRO targeting induce violating states to change their behavior? Or is the effect indirect—does pressure by third parties mediate the relationship between HRO actions and changes in human rights practices? The boomerang and spiral models suggest HRO activity provokes third parties, such as other states and international organizations, to pressure violating states. This pressure, in turn, drives violating states to improve human rights conditions. On the other hand, recent empirical work finds third-party pressure can further degrade human rights conditions. In this paper we provide a comprehensive analysis of how these individual factors—HRO activities and pressure from third parties—work together in the larger chain of causal events influencing human rights conditions. Using a causal mediation model, we examine whether HRO campaigning improves human rights directly or if the effect is mediated by costs imposed by powerful actors through sanctions and military interventions. We find that, although HRO activities have an overall positive effect on human rights conditions, the negative effects of third-party pressure somewhat diminish the positive effects.
Associative effects of wet distiller’s grains plus solubles and tannin-rich peanut skin supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation, greenhouse gas emissions, and microbial changes1
Authors: Min Byeng Ryel , Castleberry Lana , Allen Heather , Parker David , Waldrip Heidi , Brauer David , Willis William 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo sets of in vitro rumen fermentation experiments were conducted to determine effects of diets that included wet distiller’s grains plus solubles (WDGS) and tannin-rich peanut skin (PS) on the in vitro digestibility, greenhouse gas (GHG) and other gas emissions, fermentation rate, and microbial changes. The objectives were to assess associative effects of various levels of PS or WDGS on the in vitro digestibility, GHG and other gas emissions, fermentation rate, and microbial changes in the rumen. All gases were collected using an ANKOM Gas Production system for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) analyses. Cumulative ruminal gas production was determined using 250 mL ANKOM sampling bottles containing 50 mL of ruminal fluid (pH 5.8), 40 mL of artificial saliva (pH 6.8), and 6 g of mixed diets after a maximum of 24 h of incubation. Fermenters were flushed with CO2 gas and held at 39 °C in a shaking incubator for 24 h. Triplicate quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses were conducted to determine microbial diversity. When WDGS was supplied in the diet, in the absence of PS, cumulative CH4 production increased (P < 0.05) with 40% WDGS. In the presence of PS, production of CH4 was reduced but the reduction was less at 40% WDGS. In the presence of PS, ruminal lactate, succinate, and acetate/propionate (A/P) ratio tended to be less with a WDGS interaction (P < 0.01). In the presence of PS and with 40% WDGS, average populations of Bacteroidetes, total methanogens, Methanobrevibacter sp. AbM4, and total protozoa were less. The population of total methanogens (R2 = 0.57; P < 0.01), Firmicutes (R2 = 0.46: P < 0.05), and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio (R2 = 0.46; P < 0.03) were strongly correlated with ruminal CH4 production. Therefore, there was an associative effect of tannin-rich PS and WDGS, which suppressed methanogenesis both directly and indirectly by modifying populations of ruminal methanogens.