bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing DNAzyme‐Powered Nanomachines Simultaneously Responsive to Multiple MicroRNAs
Authors: Zhong Xiaoxi , Yang Sishu , Yang Peng , Du Huan , Hou Xiandeng , Chen Junbo , Zhou Rongxing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerein, a DNAzyme‐powered nanomachine responsive to multiple hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)‐related miRNAs derived from clinical samples was designed. Initially, three types of nanomachines were constructed with dye molecule [(fluorescein (FAM), tetramethylrhodamin (TMR), and Cyanine 5 (Cy5)]‐labeled DNA–RNA chimeric substrates and a specific recognized probe for the corresponding miRNAs target. Once the target miRNAs were captured by two recognizing probes, the DNA nanomachine was initiated, leading to the hybridization between the DNAzyme and the substrates. With the help of a cofactor, the automatic operation of the nanomachine was driven by cyclic cleavage of the DNAzyme. Meanwhile, we also explored the recognition behavior between the recognizing probe and the target miRNA. Subsequently, these DNAzyme‐powered nanomachines were developed for the homogeneous and simultaneous detection of three target miRNAs at the femtomloar level. Furthermore, the potential in clinical diagnosis was proven by the successful determination of target miRNA in real clinical samples. Thus, this nanomachine‐based strategy possesses significant potential to be an innovation in miRNA analysis methodology.
Functional Conjugated Polymers for CO2 Reduction Using Visible Light
Authors: Yang Can , Huang Wei , da Silva Lucas Caire , Zhang Kai A. I. , Wang Xinchen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe reduction of CO2 with visible light is a highly sustainable method for producing valuable chemicals. The function‐led design of organic conjugated semiconductors with more chemical variety than that of inorganic semiconductors has emerged as a method for achieving carbon photofixation chemistry. Here, we report the molecular engineering of triazine‐based conjugated microporous polymers to capture, activate and reduce CO2 to CO with visible light. The optical band gap of the CMPs is engineered by varying the organic electron‐withdrawing (benzothiadiazole) and electron‐donating units (thiophene) on the skeleton of the triazine rings while creating organic donor–acceptor junctions to promote the charge separation. This engineering also provides control of the texture, surface functionality and redox potentials of CMPs for achieving the light‐induced conversion of CO2 to CO ambient conditions.
Quantitative Binding Behavior of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins to Nanoparticle Surfaces at Individual Residue Level
Authors: Xie Mouzhe , Li Da‐Wei , Yuan Jiaqi , Hansen Alexandar L. , Brüschweiler Rafael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe quantitative and predictive understanding how intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) interact with engineered nanoparticles has potentially important implications for new therapeutics as well as nanotoxicology. Based on a recently developed solution 15N NMR relaxation approach, the interactions between four representative IDPs with silica nanoparticles are reported at atomic detail. Each IDP possesses distinct binding modes, which can be quantitatively explained by the local amino‐acid residue composition using a “free residue interaction model”. The model was parameterized using the binding affinities of free proteinogenic amino acids along with long‐range effects, derived by site‐specific mutagenesis, that exponentially scale with distance along the primary sequence. The model, which is accessible through a web server, can be applied to predict the residue‐specific binding affinities of a large number of IDPs.
S⋅⋅⋅Sn Tetrel Bonds in the Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptors (PPARs) by Organotin Molecules
Authors: Frontera Antonio , Bauzá Antonio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, a PDB (Protein Data Bank) analysis and theoretical calculations (PBE0‐D3/def2‐TZVP level of theory) were combined to analyze the impact of S⋅⋅⋅Sn tetrel‐bonding interactions in the activation mechanism of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) by two organotin derivatives, triphenyltin (TPT) and tributyltin (TBT). The presence of a covalently bonded CYS285 to the organotin molecule was found to be key to enhance the σ‐hole‐donor ability of the tin atom, thus strengthening the tetrel‐bonding interaction with a sulfur atom belonging to a vicinal methionine residue (MET364).
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy—UV‐Vis
Authors: Rocha Fellipy S. , Gomes Anderson J. , Lunardi Claure N. , Kaliaguine Serge , Patience Gregory S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUV‐vis spectroscopy is an inexpensive, simple, flexible, non‐destructive, analytical method appropriate for a wide class of organic compounds and some inorganic species. UV‐vis spectrophotometers measure the absorbance or transmittance of light passing through a medium as a function of the wavelength. Chemical engineers apply it for quantitative analysis, to derive liquid phase reaction kinetics, and to identify the mechanism at the molecular scale. High performance liquid chromatography and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography integrate UV‐vis detectors to identify and quantify the concentration of compounds in liquid streams. Combining these techniques with mass spectrometry facilitates identifying all species. UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is a variant with enhanced scattering properties that measures the properties of solids and powders. A bibliometric analysis of the 10 000 most cited papers referring to UV‐vis (2016 and 2017) groups research in four major clusters: nanoparticles and nanostucutres; photocatalysis and water treatment; crystals, complexes, and derivatives; and Ag and Au nanoparticles biological interaction.
Prss56 expression in the rodent hypothalamus: Inverse correlation with pro‐opiomelanocortin suggests oscillatory gene expression in adult rat tanycytes
Authors: Wittmann Gábor , Lechan Ronald M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe recently reported that the number of hypothalamic tanycytes expressing pro‐opiomelanocortin (Pomc) is highly variable among brains of adult rats. While its cause and significance remain unknown, identifying other variably expressed genes in tanycytes may help understand this curious phenomenon. In this in situ hybridization study, we report that the Prss56 gene, which encodes a trypsin‐like serine protease and is expressed in neural stem/progenitor cells, shows a similarly variable mRNA expression in tanycytes of adult rats and correlates inversely with tanycyte Pomc mRNA. Prss56 was expressed in α1, β1, subsets of α2, and some median eminence γ tanycytes, but virtually absent from β2 tanycytes. Prss56 was also expressed in vimentin positive tanycyte‐like cells in the parenchyma of the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei, and in thyrotropin beta subunit‐expressing cells of the pars tuberalis of the pituitary. In contrast to adults, Prss56 expression was uniformly high in tanycytes in adolescent rats. In mice, Prss56‐expressing tanycytes and parenchymal cells were also observed but fewer in number and without significant variations. The results identify Prss56 as a second gene that is expressed variably in tanycytes of adult rats. We propose that the variable, inversely correlating expression of Prss56 and Pomc reflect periodically oscillating gene expression in tanycytes rather than stable expression levels that vary between individual rats. A possible functional link between Prss56 and POMC, and Prss56 as a potential marker for migrating tanycytes are discussed.
A novel comparative study on breast cancer detection using different types of classification techniques
Authors: Vijayarajan Subramanian Maruthathurai , Jaganathan P. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryTo recognize the breast cancer in the beginning stage, we make use of a technique called Mammography. By enforcing the different image Classification techniques like preprocessing, image enhancement, segmentation, morphological smoothening, features detection, feature extraction, and classification, we can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the breast cancer detection. In every technique, different methods were utilized and major classifiers like KNN, J48, Naïve Bayes, and SVM classifiers, respectively. The acquired details were gathered and executed on a Weka tool to proceed further. The experimental analyses were done with the mammogram images, and those information's were enforced in the Weka tool as a training set. The Naïve Bayes classifier provides good results when distinguished with the current existing SVM classifier, and it is confirmed that Naïve Bayes works much better than SVM.
An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm for AVO elastic parameter inversion problem
Authors: Wu Qinghua , Zhu Zhixin , Yan Xuesong , Gong Wenyin 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe elastic parameter inversion technique for prestack seismic data, which combines the intelligent optimization algorithms with Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) technology, is an effective method for oil and gas exploration. However, when certain biological‐evolution–based optimization algorithms, eg, genetic algorithms, are used to solve this problem, the computation exhibits fast convergence and a strong tendency to be trapped to a local optimum, thereby leading to unsatisfactory inversion results. To address this issue, this paper proposes a swarm‐intelligence‐based method‐Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to handle the elastic parameter inversion problem. Based on the Aki‐Richards approximation to the Zoeppritz equations, the improved PSO algorithm adopts a special initialization strategy, which can enhance the smoothness of the initialization parametric curves. Extensive experimental research confirms the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Specifically, the improved PSO algorithm is able to not only markedly enhance inversion precision but also render remarkably high correlation coefficients associated with the elastic parameters.
Hospital‐Acquired Hyperkalemia Events in Older Patients Are Mostly Due to Avoidable, Multifactorial, Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Robert Laurine , Ficheur Grégoire , Décaudin Bertrand , Gellens Juliette , Luyckx Michel , Perichon Renaud , Gautier Sophie , Puisieux François , Chazard Emmanuel , Beuscart Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: September 2018

Drug‐induced hyperkalemia is a frequent and severe complication in the hospital setting. Other risk factors may also induce hyperkalemia but the combination of drugs and precipitating factors has not been extensively studied. The aim was to identify drug‐induced hyperkalemia events in hospitalized older patients and to describe their combinations with precipitating factors. Two experts independently analyzed retrospective data of patients aged 75 years or more. Experts identified 471 hyperkalemia events and concluded that 379 (80.5%) were induced by drugs. The cause was multifactorial (i.e., at least one drug with a precipitating factor) in 300 (79.2%) of the 379 drug‐induced hyperkalemia. Most of the drug‐induced hyperkalemia events were avoidable (79.9%)—mainly because of the multifactorial cause (e.g., dosage adaptation during acute kidney injury). Drug‐induced hyperkalemia events are frequently combined with precipitating factors in hospitalized older patients and their prevention should focus on these combinations.
Characterization of Rutile SnO2 Epitaxial Films Grown on MgF2 (001) Substrates by MOCVD
Authors: He Linan , Luan Caina , Cao Qiong , Feng Xianjin , Zhao Wei , Ma Jin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRutile SnO2 epitaxial films are deposited on MgF2 (001) substrates at different substrate temperatures (540–660 °C) by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Structural, optical, and electrical properties of the films as well as the epitaxial mechanism are investigated in detail. The structure analyses manifest that the film deposited at 620 °C is rutile phase SnO2 and exhibits the best crystallinity. The epitaxial relationships are determined as SnO2 (110) || MgF2 (001) with SnO2 [001] || MgF2 [110] and [10]. The Hall mobility, resistivity, and carrier concentration of the 620 °C‐deposited film are 10.4 cm2 · V−1 · s−1, 0.75 Ω · cm, and 8.1 × 1017 cm−3 respectively. The average transmittance in the visible range of the SnO2 film deposited at 620 °C exceeds 88% and the optical band gap is about 3.93 eV.
Socially responsible companies: Are they the best workplace for millennials? A cross‐national analysis
Authors: Alonso‐Almeida María Del Mar , Llach Josep 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMillennials is the name given to the generation of young people that are currently joining companies and are destined to be the worldwide leaders in the near future. This study analyses how they perceive companies as a workplace. Their specific preferences and personal values could influence organizational behaviour to be more responsible or not. The study is based on 1,833 respondents conducted on millennials from six Ibero–American mixed high‐ and low‐income countries. The results demonstrate that, regardless of whether their profile is more or less individualistic or collectivist, this generation is attracted to sustainable companies. However, differences are detected when the sample is controlled by the wealth of the country of origin. Then, the differences between the individualist and collectivist millennials are accentuated. This article concludes with some useful reflections for human resources departments and management teams in charge of establishing their companies' sustainable policies.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Substrates to Value‐Added Chemicals on Dual‐Function Catalysts: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Jin Xin , Yin Bin , Xia Qi , Fang Tianqi , Shen Jian , Kuang Liquan , Yang Chaohe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAqueous‐phase hydrodeoxygenation (APH) of bioderived feedstocks into useful chemical building blocks is one the most important processes for biomass conversion. However, several technological challenges, such as elevated reaction temperature (220–280 °C), high H2 pressure (4–10 MPa), uncontrollable side reactions, and intensive capital investment, have resulted in a bottleneck for the further development of existing APH processes. Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) under much milder conditions with non‐fossil‐based H2 has attracted extensive interest as a result of several advantageous features, including high atom efficiency (≈100 %), low energy intensity, and green H2 obtained from renewable sources. Typically, CTH can be categorized as internal H2 transfer (sacrificing small amounts of feedstocks for H2 generation) and external H2 transfer from H2 donors (e.g., alcohols, formic acid). Although the last decade has witnessed a few successful applications of conventional APH technologies, CTH is still relatively new for biomass conversion. Very limited attempts have been made in both academia and industry. Understanding the fundamentals for precise control of catalyst structures is key for tunable dual functionality to combine simultaneous H2 generation and hydrogenation. Therefore, this Review focuses on the rational design of dual‐functionalized catalysts for synchronous H2 generation and hydrogenation of bio‐feedstocks into value‐added chemicals through CTH technologies. Most recent studies, published from 2015 to 2018, on the transformation of selected model compounds, including glycerol, xylitol, sorbitol, levulinic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, cresol, phenol, and guaiacol, are critically reviewed herein. The relationship between the nanostructures of heterogeneous catalysts and the catalytic activity and selectivity for C−O, C−H, C−C, and O−H bond cleavage are discussed to provide insights into future designs for the atom‐economical conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals.
A Large‐Sized Reduced Graphene Oxide with Low Charge‐Transfer Resistance as a High‐Performance Electrode for a Nonflammable High‐Temperature Stable Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Supercapacitor
Authors: Ma Li , Gao Qiuming , Tian Weiqian , Zhang Qiang , Xiao Hong , Li Zeyu , Zhang Hang , Tian Xuehui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLarge‐sized reduced graphene oxide prepared was prepared by combined microwave intermittent heating and an extraction process (e.g., 900 W for 10 min (MRG‐900‐10)) with a lateral size of several micrometers and a thickness of 4–6 monosheets . The MRG‐900‐10 has a high C/O molar ratio (5.89) and a sp2 C content of 69.0 %, which leads to a fast electronic transmission in the sample. In addition, MRG‐900‐10 possesses a large specific surface area of 568.2 m2 g−1, which increases the contact surface area between the active material and the electrolyte, thus enhancing the electron and ion transport in the interfaces when used as the electrode material in supercapacitors. MRG‐900‐10 possesses a low charge‐transfer resistance (≈0.36 Ω). Used as the electrode material for a supercapacitor in 6 m KOH aqueous electrolyte, MRG‐900‐10 produces a high specific capacity of 327.6 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1. A specific capacity of 248.3 F g−1 was obtained at a high current density of 100 A g−1, which indicated its high‐rate ability. The initial capacity of 92 % can be maintained after 40 000 cycles at 5 A g−1, which indicated its high cycling stability. As for the MRG‐900‐10 symmetric supercapacitors, the energy densities of 11.0 and 36.2 Wh kg−1 were obtained in 6 m KOH aqueous and 1 m tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate ([TEA]BF4)/acetonitrile (ACN) electrolytes, respectively. Importantly, a high energy density of 68.6 Wh kg−1 was achieved in the nonflammable ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide ([EMIM][TFSI])/ACN (80 vol % [EMIM][TFSI]), and the supercapacitor was effective from room temperature to 100 °C.
Biomass Sucrose‐Derived Cobalt@Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes with Formic Acid
Authors: Yuan Man , Long Yu , Yang Jin , Hu Xiwei , Xu Dan , Zhu Yangyang , Dong Zhengping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFabrication of non‐noble metal‐based heterogeneous catalysts by a facile and cost‐effective strategy for ecofriendly catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) is of great significance for organic transformations. A cobalt@nitrogen‐doped carbon (Co@NC) catalyst was prepared from renewable biomass‐derived sucrose, harmless melamine, and earth‐abundant Co(AcO)2 as the precursor materials by hydrothermal treatment and carbonization. Co nanoparticles (NPs) were coated with NC shells and uniformly embedded in the NC framework. The as‐obtained Co@NC‐600 (carbonized at 600 °C) catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic efficiency for CTH of various functionalized nitroarenes with formic acid (FA) as hydrogen donor in aqueous solution. The uniformly incorporated N atoms in the C matrix and the encapsulated Co NPs showed synergistic effects in the CTH reactions. A mechanistic analysis indicated that the protons from FA were activated by Co sites after being captured by N atoms, and then reacted with nitroarenes adsorbed on the surface of the catalysts to generate the corresponding aromatic amines. Moreover, the catalyst showed excellent durability and reusability without obvious decrease in activity even after five reaction cycles. Thus, the study reported herein provides a cost‐effective, sustainable strategy for fabrication of biomass‐derived non‐noble metal‐based catalysts for green and efficient catalytic transformations.
Spectrally and spatially resolved laser‐induced photobleaching of endogenous flavin fluorescence in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Marcek Chorvatova Alzbeta , Kirchnerova Jana , Cagalinec Michal , Mateasik Anton , Chorvat Dusan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNaturally occurring endogenous fluorescence of flavins, arising in response to excitation by visible light, offers broad opportunity to investigate mitochondrial metabolic state directly in living cells and tissues, including in clinical settings. However, photobleaching, the loss of the autofluorescence intensity following prolonged exposure to light is an inherent phenomenon occurring during the fluorescence acquisition, which can have a negative impact on the recorded data, particularly in the context of measurement of metabolic modulations in pathophysiological conditions. In the presented study, we present a detailed analysis of endogenous flavins fluorescence photobleaching arising in living cardiac cells during spectrally‐resolved confocal imaging. We demonstrate significant nonuniform photobleaching related to different bleaching rates of individual flavin components, resolved by linear spectral unmixing of the recorded signals. Induced photodamage was without effect on the cell morphology, but lead to significant modifications of the cell responsiveness to metabolic modulators and its contractility, suggesting functional metabolic alterations in the recorded cells. These findings point to the necessity of inducing limited photobleaching during metabolic screening in all studies involving visible light excitation and fluorescence acquisition in living cells. © 2018 The Authors Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Accurate quantification of fourteen normal bone marrow cell subsets in infants to the elderly by flow cytometry
Authors: Pont Julie , Souvignet Alice , Campos Lydia , Plesa Adriana , Bulabois Bénédicte , Pernollet Martine , Raskovalova Tatiana , Dumestre‐Perard Chantal , Cesbron Jean‐Yves , Jacob Marie‐Christine 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundStudies of normal bone marrow (BM) cell composition by flow cytometry are scarce. Presently, we aimed to quantify 14 cell subsets from infants to elderly patients.MethodsCell subsets in BM samples from 180 individuals without morphologically abnormal leukocytes were analyzed using a single combination of eight antibodies: CD3/CD10/CD38/CD19/CD36/CD16/CD34/CD45.ResultsBy comparison with the Holdrinet score, we first validated the immature granulocyte/neutrophil (IGRA/N) ratio as a readily obtainable criterion of BM sample purity in 145 cases. Then, the 115 highly pure samples were selected (IGRA/N ≥ 1.2) and analyzed according to age group. CD34+ myeloblasts became progressively more infrequent with age: median 1.4% in infancy to 0.5% in the elderly. Neutrophils increased: 10.7% to 22.8%; all other myeloid subsets, IGRA, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes remained stable: respectively 40.3% to 46.7%, 2.0% to 2.8%, 0.2% to 0.3%, and 4.4% to 5.0% throughout life. Erythroblasts were lower in children (8.4% to 10.3%) than in adults (12.5% to 15.1%). For lymphoid cells, hematogones and transitional B‐cells decreased: 15.5% to 0.6% and 3.6% to 0.1%, respectively; mature lymphocytes remained stable: B‐cells: 1.4% to 2.8%, T‐cells: 5.8% to 8.7%, and NK‐cells: 0.7% to 1.4%. Plasma cells varied slightly: 0.1% to 0.5%. Differences of about 40% were seen in moderately pure (IGRA/N: 0.5 to 1.2) BM samples.ConclusionWe thus provide the first values for 14 myeloid and lymphoid subsets characterizing BM cell composition in 5 age ranges. They should provide important information when screening patients for hematological disorders or abnormal bone marrow development. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society