Hubungan Pemberian ASI Ekslusif, BBLR, dan Status Gizi Terhadap Kejadian Pneumonia pada Bayi di RSUD Patuh Patut Patju Lombok Barat Tahun 2022
Authors: Ni Nyoman Ayu Laksita Jasmine  , Anulus Ayu , Mahdaniyati Aulia , Sahrun Sahrun 
Published: November 2024

Abstrak
Latar Belakang : Penyakit pneumonia menyumbang kematian sebanyak 1,3 juta pada anak khususnya dibawah usia 5 tahun karena infeksi saluran pernapasan akut dan faktor risiko yang menjadi penyebab pneumonia pada bayi dibagi menjadi beberapa yaitu bayi berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), tidak mendapat air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif yang adekuat, dan status gizi rendah.
Tujuan : Menganalisis hubungan kejadian pneumonia, pemberian ASI eksklusif, BBLR, dan Status gizi terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada bayi di RSUD Patuh Patut Patju Lombok Barat tahun 2022. Metode : Penelitian kuantitatif analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Patuh Patut Patju Lombok Barat. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 198 data rekam medis pasien bayi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square.
Hasil Penelitian : Terdapat 106 bayi (53,5%) yang tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif, 125 bayi (63,3%) diketahui BBLR, 104 bayi (52,2%) mengalami gizi kurang. Terdapat juga 105 bayi (53,0%) yang didiagnosis mengalami pneumonia. ASI eksklusif (p-value=0,000), BBLR (p-value=0,000), dan status gizi (p-value=0,035) secara statistik dilaporkan berhubungan terhadap kejadian pneumonia.
Kesimpulan : Pemberian ASI eksklusif, BBLR, dan status gizi berhubungan terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada bayi di RSUD Patuh Patut Patju Lombok Barat.

Kata Kunci: ASI ekslusif, BBLR, Status gizi, Pneumonia

Abstract
Background : Pneumonia contributes to the death of 1.3 million in children, especially under the age of 5 years due to acute respiratory infections and the risk factors for causing pneumonia in infants are divided into several, namely low birth weight babies (LBW), not receiving adequate exclusive breastfeeding, and low nutritional status.
Objectives : To analyze the relationship between the incidence of pneumonia, exclusive breastfeeding, low birth weight, and nutritional status on the incidence of pneumonia in infants at Patuh Patut Patju Hospital, West Lombok in 2022.
Methods : Quantitative analytic observational study with a cross-sectional study design approach. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling. The research was conducted at Patuh Patut Patju Hospital, West Lombok. The research sample is 198 data. The data obtained were analyzed by Chi-Square test.
Results : There were 106 babies (53.5%) who did not get exclusive breastfeeding, 125 babies (63.3%) were known to be LBW, 104 babies (52.2%) experienced malnutrition. There were also 105 babies (53.0%) who were diagnosed with pneumonia. Exclusive breastfeeding (p-value=0.000), LBW (p-value=0.000), and nutritional status (p-value=0.035) were reported to be statistically related to the incidence of pneumonia.
Conclusion : Exclusive breastfeeding, LBW, and nutritional status are related to the incidence of pneumonia in infants at Patuh Patut Patju Hospital, West Lombok.

Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Low birth weight, Nutritional status, Pneumonia