bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐specific strategies of phosphorus (P) acquisition in Populus cathayana as affected by soil P availability and distribution
Authors: Xia Zhichao , He Yue , Yu Lei , Lv Rubing , Korpelainen Helena , Li Chunyang 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Soil phosphorus (P) availability and its distribution influence plant growth and productivity, but how they affect the growth dynamics and sex‐specific P acquisition strategies of dioecious plant species is poorly understood.

In this study, the impact of soil P availability and its distribution on dioecious Populus cathayana was characterized. P. cathayana males and females were grown under three levels of P supply, and with homogeneous or heterogeneous P distribution.

Females had a greater total root length, specific root length (SRL), biomass and foliar P concentration under high P supply. Under P deficiency, males had a smaller root system than females but a greater exudation of soil acid phosphatase, and a higher colonization rate and arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal biomass, suggesting a better capacity to mine P and a stronger association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to forage P. Heterogeneous P distribution enhanced growth and root length density (RLD) in females. Female root proliferation in P‐rich patches was related to increased foliar P assimilation. Localized P application for increasing P availability did not enhance the biomass accumulation and the morphological plasticity of roots in males, but it raised hyphal biomass.

The findings herein indicate that sex‐specific strategies in P acquisition relate to root morphology, root exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses, and they may contribute to sex‐specific resource utilization patterns and niche segregation.
Shaping attitudes: The association between prior contact with residential aged care and resistance to enter residential aged care
Authors: Walker Nicole , Dissanayaka Nadeeka N. , Scott Theresa , Manchha Asmita , Pachana Nancy A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ageing population is increasing, and negative attitudes towards older people are all too common and largely overlooked. However, little research has examined how ageist, prejudice, and discrimination, that often occur in healthcare settings, impact the community's perceptions of entering Residential Aged Care (RAC) in the future. In particular, studies have not investigated how contact with RAC influences individuals’ attitudes towards RAC facilities, residents and staff. This study is the first to examine individuals’ resistance towards living in RAC using the contact hypothesis, a theory of prejudice reduction.AimsTo explore how positive or negative contact with RAC residents and staff impacts individuals’ behavioural intentions towards entering RAC in the future. To examine whether perceptions of trust, independence and RAC staff mediate the relationship between contact and behavioural intentions towards entering RAC in the future.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design.MethodData were collected via online surveys using contact (positive or negative), trust, independence, perceptions of RAC staff and resistance levels (mild refusal or extreme refusal) measures. Participants (n = 373) from Australia and USA were recruited using social media, word of mouth and Amazons Mechanical Turk.FindingsIndividuals who experienced negative contact with RAC residents and staff were more likely to report intense resistance to RAC, “I would rather die than enter RAC”. Whereas, positive contact with RAC residents and staff was associated with reductions in the adverse appraisal of RAC staff; a diminished perception that individuals lost their independence, and an increased trust in RAC residents, facilities and staff. Participants from USA reported greater levels of resistance towards RAC in comparison with participants from Australia. This study demonstrates how interactions with RAC residents, facilities and staff are critical in shaping attitudes towards RAC.Implications for practiceIt is recommended that the public are exposed to opportunities where they can experience positive contact with RAC. RAC facilities can promote interaction between the public and RAC residents through encouraging participation in community partnership programs/intergenerational programs.
Mesenchymal stem cells for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Namba Fumihiko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in preterm infants who have been treated with supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. Despite major advances in perinatal and neonatal medicine, limited progress has been made in reducing BPD rates. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is a promising and innovative therapy for several diseases because they are easy to extract and they have low immunogenicity, anti‐inflammatory properties, and regenerative ability. According to several pre‐clinical studies that have used BPD animal models, one mechanism of action for MSC in BPD is mainly due to the paracrine effects of MSC‐derived humoral factors, such as interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, vascular endothelial growth factor, collagen, and elastin, rather than the multilineage and regenerative capacities of MSC. Cell‐free preparations derived from MSC, including conditioned media and exosomes, remain a pre‐clinical technology despite their great clinical potential. A first‐in‐human clinical trial of MSC treatment for BPD was performed as a phase I dose‐escalation trial using umbilical cord blood‐derived MSC. That trial demonstrated the short‐ and long‐term safety and feasibility of MSC, given that significantly reduced inflammatory marker expression was observed in tracheal aspirates. As of recently, several clinical trials of MSC use for BPD are ongoing or are planned in some countries to investigate the efficacy of MSC in the prevention or treatment of BPD in premature infants. Many clinicians are currently awaiting the results from these trials so that MSC can be used clinically for human BPD.
Pay‐for‐Success Development in the United States: Feasible or Failing to Launch?
Authors: Heinrich Carolyn J. , Kabourek Sarah E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSocial impact bonds, known as pay‐for‐success (PFS) initiatives in the United States, have attracted attention as a novel strategy for financing and providing preventive services to the most vulnerable populations. This article provides an exploratory qualitative analysis of the Preschool PFS Feasibility Pilot grant applications and projects initiated by the U.S. Department of Education to encourage state and local exploration of PFS for implementing high‐quality preschool programs. Drawing on the public administration evidence base that informs PFS design, the authors examine the feasibility pilots’ features and investigate why grant applicants saw PFS as a promising strategy for achieving their preschool program goals. The challenges encountered, lessons learned, and perceived viability of fully executed PFS preschool programs are also discussed. Findings show that few projects are advancing toward formal PFS arrangements, with many struggling to overcome constrained capacities, structural and political barriers, and inherent incentives to minimize risk and loss.
Trehalose protects testicular tissue of dairy goat upon cryopreservation
Authors: Xi Huaming , Ren Fa , Zhang Xiaogang , Li Yu , Zhang Likun , Wen Fei , Feng Tianyu , Zhang Xing , Niu Tongjuan , Hu Jianhong , Wang Peng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the addition of trehalose to cryomedia reduces cellular damage and improves gene expression in cryopreserved dairy goat testicular tissues. Testicular tissues were cryopreserved in cryomedia without or with trehalose at a concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% or 25%. Cryopreserved testicular tissues were analysed for TUNEL‐positive cell number, expression of BAX, BCL‐2, CREM, BOULE and HSP70‐2. Isolated Leydig cells from cryopreserved tissue were cultured, and spent medium was evaluated for testosterone level. The results showed that though the TUNEL‐positive cell number increased in cryopreserved testicular tissues, the presence of trehalose reduced apoptotic cell number significantly. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results showed that although the expression of BAX was upregulated following cryopreservation, the presence of trehalose downregulates it in cryopreserved testicular tissues. Expression of BCL‐2, CREM, BOULE and HSP70‐2 was downregulated following cryopreservation but the presence of trehalose significantly upregulated their expression in cryopreserved testicular tissues. Leydig cells isolated from testicular tissues cryopreserved with trehalose produced higher testosterone than the one without it (control). These results suggest that trehalose has a protective role in cryopreservation of dairy goat testicular tissue, and the most suitable trehalose concentration for cryopreservation is 15%.
Sexual Violence: Christian Theological Legacies and Responsibilities
Authors: Scarsella Hilary Jerome , Krehbiel Stephanie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBetween the sustained focus of popular attention on the Catholic sexual abuse crisis and the current ubiquity of #MeToo and #ChurchToo discourse, it is clear that sexual violence is a problem within western Christianity. This article speaks to Christian theological legacies of complicity with systems of sexual violence. It sketches ethical, intellectual, and practical trajectories for scholars and practitioners engaging the Christian tradition today to address sexual violence well.
Digital collaborative learning in nursing education: a systematic review
Authors: Männistö Merja , Mikkonen Kristina , Kuivila Heli‐Maria , Virtanen Mari , Kyngäs Helvi , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions in digital collaborative learning implemented in nursing education.DesignA systematic literature review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines and the PRISMA statement.Data sourcesCINAHL (EBSCO), ERIC, MEDLINE (Ovid) and Scopus databases were used to identify original peer‐reviewed RCT studies published between 2003 and 2018.Review methodThe ‘hits’ were systematically screened by title, abstract and full text by two authors acting independently. The quality of the selected original studies was evaluated using the quality assessment criteria of the JBI and Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. The studies were analysed by narrative synthesis.ResultsFive peer‐reviewed RCT studies were included in the review. All participants in these studies (647 in total) were nursing students exposed to educational interventions in various nursing programme courses. The reviewed studies indicated that digital collaborative learning increased students’ knowledge and nursing skills. The results show that collaborative learning in digital learning environments enhanced nursing students’ interaction and collaborative skills, problem‐solving skills, satisfaction and motivation for learning.ConclusionCollaborative learning in digital learning environments has encouraging effects in enhancing nursing students’ knowledge, competence, satisfaction and problem‐solving skills. Moreover, evidence‐based digital collaborative learning is becoming increasingly effective in nursing education, as available tools and teachers’ abilities to use them are improving and providing new learning activities to boost students’ learning outcomes in higher education. Thus, its systematic use in digital collaborative learning environments in various nursing courses is recommended.
Creating a space to talk about one's experience of suffering: families’ experience of a family nursing intervention
Authors: Gervais Christine , Verdon Chantal , deMontigny Francine , Leblanc Lori , Lalande Dominique 
Published: September 2019

Study rationaleThe impacts of health problems on individual and family functioning, as well as the influence of family on health, are well documented. However, health care and services in the West are mostly oriented towards individuals, and the needs of families often receive little consideration. The Family Support Service (FSS) was developed to address this situation. Its aim is to improve the education of nursing students and contribute to the health of the community by offering family conversations to families whose members have a health problem or who have difficulty adjusting to certain transitions.Aims and objectivesThe objective of this study was to explore families’ experience of the family conversations in which they participated and their satisfaction with the FSS.Methodological design and justificationThis study used a descriptive qualitative design based on semi‐structured interviews and thematic analysis. The study followed ethical codes of conduct and conformed to the Canadian Tri‐Council Policy Statement (TCPS).Research methodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 22 participants who had participated in family conversations as interventions, to evaluate their experience of those family conversations and their satisfaction with the FSS.ResultsThe families reported a very positive experience of the family conversations. Three themes emerged from their statements and explained this satisfaction: (i) the nurse's attitudes and skills as the foundation for meaningful encounters; (ii) a family systems intervention where families feel recognised; and (iii) a structure adapted to the needs of families.ConclusionsThis study adds to the existing body of knowledge on families’ experience of family system nursing and invites nurses to develop attitudes that are conducive to meaningful encounters with families.
Understanding (and Reducing) Inaction on Climate Change
Authors: Hornsey Matthew J. , Fielding Kelly S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFor over 50 years, scientists have sounded alarms that the burning of fossil fuels is causing changes to the Earth's climate, and that failure to take action on climate change will have devastating consequences. Despite this urgency, CO2 emissions (and global temperatures) continue to climb. Progress on mitigating climate change is slowed by the stubborn persistence of climate skepticism, as well as a failure for nonskeptics to translate their concern about climate change into meaningful action. The goal of this article is to describe and synthesize research on how to understand (and reduce) this public inaction on climate change. In the first half of the article, we examine the question of how to understand (and overcome) climate change skepticism. We review international evidence regarding the role of demographics, ideologies, and conspiracist worldviews in shaping people's willingness to believe in the reality of human‐caused climate change. We then review theory and research on how to successfully capture the attention of—and change the behavior of—people who traditionally resist climate change messages, such as those high in conservatism and free‐market beliefs. In the second half of the article, we examine how to promote more climate‐friendly behaviors among people who believe in the reality of climate change. Evidence will be reviewed suggesting that many people agree that climate change is caused by humans, but are not yet willing to make the necessary investments and sacrifices to respond to this threat. We then draw on relevant literatures to critically discuss three strategies for promoting proenvironmental behavior: (i) optimistic versus pessimistic messages; (ii) in‐group versus out‐group messenger effects; and (c) the use of descriptive and injunctive norms.
Food allergy—From food avoidance to active treatment
Authors: Costa Célia , Coimbra Alice , Vítor Artur , Aguiar Rita , Ferreira Ana Luísa , Todo‐Bom Ana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of food allergy (FA) has increased too rapidly, possibly due to environmental factors. The guidelines recommend strict allergen avoidance, but FA is still the main cause of anaphylaxis in all age groups. Immunotherapy is the only treatment able to change the course of allergic disease, and oral immunotherapy (OIT) is the more effective route in FA. However, it carries the risk of adverse reactions, including anaphylaxis. To improve OIT safety, adjuvant therapy with the immunoglobulin E (IgE) monoclonal antibody omalizumab has been extensively used. Results suggest particular benefit in patients with high risk of fatal anaphylaxis. An alternative approach is to use omalizumab instead of OIT to prevent severe allergic reactions upon accidental exposure. This paper reviews current evidence regarding IgE‐mediated FA, focusing on natural tolerance and food sensitization acquisition, and on avoidance measures and their limitations.
Event Representations and Predictive Processing: The Role of the Midline Default Network Core
Authors: Stawarczyk David , Bezdek Matthew A. , Zacks Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe human brain is tightly coupled to the world through its sensory‐motor systems—but it also spends a lot of its metabolism talking to itself. One important function of this intrinsic activity is the establishment and updating ofevent models—representations of the current situation that can predictively guide perception, learning, and action control. Here, we propose that event models largely depend on the default network (DN) midline core that includes the posterior cingulate and anterior medial prefrontal cortex. An increasing body of data indeed suggests that this subnetwork can facilitate stimuli processing during both naturalistic event comprehension and cognitive tasks in which mental representations of prior situations, trials, and task rules can predictively guide attention and performance. This midline core involvement in supporting predictions through event models can make sense of an otherwise complex and conflicting pattern of results regarding the possible cognitive functions subserved by the DN.
Fertility restoration of maize CMS‐C altered by a single amino acid substitution within the Rf4 bHLH transcription factor
Authors: Jaqueth Jennifer S. , Hou Zhenglin , Zheng Peizhong , Ren Ruihua , Nagel Bruce A. , Cutter Gary , Niu Xiaomu , Vollbrecht Erik , Greene Thomas W. , Kumpatla Siva P. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryType C cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS‐C) is the most commonly used form of CMS in maize hybrid seed production. Restorer of fertility 4 (Rf4), the major fertility restorer gene of CMS‐C, is located on chromosome 8S. To positionally clone Rf4, a large F3 population derived from a cross between a non‐restorer and restorer (n = 5104) was screened for recombinants and then phenotyped for tassel fertility, resulting in a final map‐based cloning interval of 12 kb. Within this 12‐kb interval, the only likely candidate for Rf4 was GRMZM2G021276, a basic helix−loop−helix (bHLH) transcription factor with tassel‐specific expression. The Rf4 gene product contains a nuclear localization signal and is likely to not interact directly with the mitochondria. Sequence analysis of Rf4 revealed four encoded amino acid substitutions between restoring and non‐restoring inbreds, however only one substitution, F187Y, was within the highly conserved bHLH domain. The hypothesis that Rf4 restoration is altered by a single amino acid was tested by using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)‐CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) homology directed repair (HDR) to create isogenic lines that varied for the F187Y substitution. In a population of these CRISPR‐Cas9 edited plants (n = 780) that was phenotyped for tassel fertility, plants containing F187 were completely fertile, indicating fertility restoration, and plants containing Y187 were sterile, indicating lack of fertility restoration. Structural modeling shows that this amino acid residue 187 is located within the four helix bundle core, a critical region for stabilizing dimer conformation and affecting interaction partner selection.
Immigration, uncertainty and macroeconomic dynamics
Authors: Donadelli Michael , Gerotto Luca , Lucchetta Marcella , Arzu Daniela 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the macroeconomic effects of rising migration uncertainty in four advanced economies (i.e. US, UK, Germany and France). Migration uncertainty is first captured by the Migration Policy Uncertainty (MPUI) and the Migration Fear (MFI) news‐based indexes developed by Baker et al. (Immigration fears and policy uncertainty, 2015), and then by a novel Google Trend Migration Uncertainty Index (GTMU) based on the frequency of Internet searches for the term ‘immigration’. VAR investigations suggest that the macroeconomic implications of rising migration uncertainty differ across countries. Moreover, news‐based and Google search‐based migration fear shocks generate different macroeconomic effects. For instance, in the US (France), MPUI, MFI and GTMU shocks all improve (undermine) production and labour market conditions in the medium run. For Germany and the UK, mixed evidence is found, suggesting that increasing media attention on migration phenomena and rising population's interest in migration‐related issues influence people's mood differently. The observed heterogeneity in the macroeconomic effects of rising migration uncertainty can be explained by cross‐country gaps in (a) the level of labour market rigidity, (b) the degree of people's happiness and life satisfaction and (c) the percentage of graduates.
Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) andRNAscopein situhybridization (RNA‐ISH) as effective tools to diagnose feline herpesvirus‐1‐associated dermatitis
Authors: Mazzei Maurizio , Vascellari Marta , Zanardello Claudia , Melchiotti Erica , Vannini Susanna , Forzan Mario , Marchetti Veronica , Albanese Francesco , Abramo Francesca 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundFelid herpesvirus type 1 (FHV‐1)‐associated dermatitis is characterized by facial and nasal involvement; clinical and histopathological manifestations may overlap with other dermatitides.ObjectiveTo evaluate the realibility of qRT‐PCR‐2−ΔΔCqandRNAscopein situhybridization (RNA‐ISH) methods to diagnoseFHV‐1‐associated dermatitis, in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues.AnimalsSixteenFFPEsamples from cats with facial dermatitis and four controls were studied.Methods and materialsBased on histopathological features, cases were separated into: Group 1, samples with herpetic dermatitis (four); Group 2, samples with nonherpetic facial dermatitis (six); Group 3, samples with facial dermatitis of ambiguous nature (allergic or viral) (six); and Group 4, samples from healthy cats (four). A relative quantification using the 2−ΔΔCqmethod was used to estimate the “upregulation” of eachFHV‐1 target viral gene copies (glycoprotein‐B and thymidine‐kinase) relative to reference gene. Detection ofFHV‐1mRNAwas performed using theRNAscope 2.5 detection kit.ResultsBy 2−ΔΔCqanalysis, upregulation of bothFHV‐1 genes was observed in all samples from Group 1 and two of six from Group 3. No upregulation was identified in samples from groups 2 and 4. PositivemRNAhybridization signal was observed in all cases from Group 1 and two cases of Group 3. No positivity was observed in samples from groups 2 and 4.Conclusions and clinical importanceQRT‐PCR2−ΔΔCqanalysis andRNA‐ISHcan identify theFHV‐1 genome as causative agent of the associated dermatitis, even where inclusion bodies are not detectable. Both techniques are functional in retrospective studies, have greater specificity than conventionalPCR, and may be proposed for research and diagnostic purposes.