bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on structure design and flow field characteristics of the novel jet bit for radial horizontal drilling
Authors: Bi Gang , Li Mengmeng , Dou Liangbin , Qu Zhan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe self‐propelled swirling jet bit was designed to ensure the rock‐breaking efficiency of radial horizontal drilling and meet the roundness of borehole diameter and borehole shape. The jet bit provides swirling jet through internal rotating impellers and increases the drilling depth by jetting through the central holes on the impeller. Based on numerical simulation method,RNGk−εturbulence model was employed to analyze the three‐dimensional flow characteristics of flow field inside and outside of the two kinds of jet bits. Moreover, the rock‐breaking efficiency of the two jet bits was also compared and analyzed in accordance with the laboratory experiments. The results show that the simulated bottom‐hole flow field for the two jet bits can be both divided into bottom‐hole overflow area, forward jetting area, and backward jetting area. The forward jet is a jet beam which consists of a central jet and four circumferentially equispaced jets, which generates more complex overflow area at the bottom hole. The maximum jet speed and the jet impact energy of forward jetting from the combined swirling and round multijet bit are larger than that of the swirling multijet bit. The speed attenuation law of forward jet nozzle from the two kinds of jet bits is similar. They both increase slowly in the mixing zone, while increase remarkably when approach to the nozzle. Then decrease linearly in the impact zone, and decline straightly when get close to the impact area. The simulation results of flow field characteristics are in coincidence with the actual rock‐drilling features. Therefore, the simulation results of flow field characteristics can provide guidance for jet bit design and structure parameter optimization for radial horizontal drilling.
EdgePlace: Availability‐aware placement for chained mobile edge applications
Authors: Zhu He , Huang Changcheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMobile edge computing (MEC) literally pushes cloud computing from remote datacenters to the life radius of end users. By leveraging the widely adopted European Telecommunications Standards Institute network function virtualization architecture, MEC provisions elastic and resilient mobile edge applications with proximity. Typical MEC virtualization infrastructure allows a configurable placement policy to deploy mobile edge applications as virtual machines (VMs): affinity can be used to put VMs on the same host for inter‐VM networking performance, whereas anti‐affinity is to separate VMs for high availability. In this paper, we propose a novel model to track the availability and cost impact from placement policy changes of the mobile edge applications. We formulate our model as a stochastic programming problem. To minimize the complexity challenge, we also propose a heuristic algorithm called EdgePlace. With our model, the unit resource cost increases when there are less resources left on a host. Applying affinity would take up more resources of the host but saves network bandwidth cost because of colocation. When enforcing anti‐affinity, experimental results show increases of both availability and interhost network bandwidth cost. For applications with different resource requirements, our model is able to find their sweet points with the consideration of both resource cost and application availability, which is vital in a less robust MEC environment.
360‐degree video offloading using millimeter‐wave communication for cyberphysical system
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Wook , Le Tuan Thanh , Ryu Eun‐Seok 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper describes an adaptive scheme of 360‐degree video streaming over millimeter‐wave (mmWave) communication for cyberphysical system. It consists of two parts, ie, (1) 360‐degree video streaming and offloading over mmWave 802.11ad 60 GHz wireless link and (2) 360‐degree video decoding, postprocessing, and display by using scalable high‐efficiency video coding. The mmWave communication is high‐speed wireless technology to increase the capacity of video transmission. However, current studies on video streaming over mmWave focus on long distance, and mobile devices process many tasks such as video decoding, postprocessing, and display by themselves. Therefore, the performance of mobile device seriously degrades in the case of high‐resolution video streaming, such as 4K. Furthermore, the synchronization of real‐time video streaming at high speed is an important issue to ensure the quality of service (QoS), especially when the mobile device is moving. Thus, this paper focuses on real‐time video streaming over mmWave with optimized QoS for high‐resolution video. Furthermore, this study implemented an offloading mechanism to handle the offloading tasks between a powerful GPU‐based PC and a mobile device. The experimental results show that the proposed method provides high‐performance 360‐degree video streaming in QoS‐sensitive video streaming applications.
Ageing with a silver-spoon: A meta-analysis of the effect of developmental environment on senescence
Authors: Cooper Eve B. , Kruuk Loeske E. B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhat determines variation between individuals in how they senesce, and are environmental conditions experienced during development relevant to late-life performance? We report a meta-analysis of studies of wild populations to determine how the quality of the environment experienced during development affects rates of survival and reproductive senescence. From studies of 14 bird or mammal species, we calculated effect sizes for the interaction between the effects of environmental quality during development and age in predicting survival (N = 18) or reproduction (N = 30) over time in late life. We found no evidence that developmental environment affected rates of survival senescence (βmean = –1.2 × 10−4 ± 0.022SE). However, a better developmental environment was associated with slower rates of reproductive senescence in late life (βmean = 0.062 ± 0.023SE), indicating a small, but significant, “silver-spoon” effect of early-life conditions that persisted through to late life. Our results illustrate how the effects of environmental conditions during development can persist throughout life, and indicate one possible cause of phenotypic plasticity in senescence.
Defining Misprescribing to Inform Prescription Opioid Policy
Authors: Dineen Kelly K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrescription opioid policies too often reflect over a century's worth of moralizing about the nature of opioid use disorder, the value of pain, and the meaning of suffering. The social and legal penalties to prescribers run in one direction—avoid overprescribing, however defined, at all costs. The lack of shared definitions is problematic for formulating and evaluating opioid policy. For example, the variant definitions of “misuse,” “abuse,” and “addiction” complicate estimates of morbidity. There are also no widely accepted definitions of misprescribing and overprescribing. I offer here a modest attempt at the categorization of misprescribing: inadvertent overprescribing, corrupt overprescribing, qualitative overprescribing, quantitative overprescribing, multiclass overprescribing, and underprescribing.
Caring for Patients with Substance Use Disorders: Addressing a Missed Opportunity in the Hospital
Authors: Simon Rachel Elizabeth , Tobey Matthew 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs physicians, we have seen patients with substance use disorders leave the hospital against medical advice, slipping through the cracks of our health care system. In fact, despite a high burden of life‐threatening illnesses, patients with SUDs are at a nearly threefold increased risk of leaving the hospital against medical advice. Leaving against medical advice is associated with an increased thirty‐day mortality rate as well as an increased rate of hospital readmission. When a patient leaves in this way, the health care system loses the opportunity to engage with someone who is struggling with an SUD and whose health is at imminent risk. Fortunately, there are ways to address some of these challenges within existing organizational frameworks. Addiction consult teams and supervised injection facilities are two interventions that have proven successful.
Advance Directives and Discrimination against People with Dementia
Authors: Dresser Rebecca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the article “On Avoiding Deep Dementia,” Norman Cantor defends a position that I suspect many readers share. In my years writing and speaking on advance directives and dementia, I've found that most people support one of two positions. They are convinced either that advance choices should control the treatment dementia patients receive or that the welfare of a person with dementia should sometimes take priority over earlier choices. As Cantor points out, I support the second position.I agree with several of Cantor's arguments. Where Cantor and I part ways is over the degree of control that advance directives should exert over the care of persons with moderate dementia. Although I don't welcome the prospect of living with dementia, I believe that people with the condition should be represented in the debate over treatment standards. It's not surprising that many, perhaps most, people unaffected by dementia think that their preferences should control the care they would receive as dementia patients. But people taking this position are neglecting the concerns and interests they may have as dementia patients.
Bigger, Faster, Stronger, More Ethical
Authors: Parent Brendan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConsider four elite female runners who trained hard for a 1500‐meter race. Runner 1 took extra‐strength aspirin before the race. Runner 2 has a genetic condition that results in greater levels of testosterone in her body than the typical range for a woman. Runner 3 has been on a carefully scheduled regimen of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which has increased her red blood cell count. Runner 4 has a team of diet, sleep, and exercise experts who ensured that she coordinated the exactly right balance of carbs and protein with her rest and workouts. Which of them cheated? Thomas Murray's Good Sport: Why Our Games Matter—and How Doping Undermines Them does not answer this question, but it provides tools to figure it out, and it argues that trying to answer is important.
Contribution of the results‐based financing strategy to improving maternal and child health indicators in Burkina Faso
Authors: Zizien Zawora Rita , Korachais Catherine , Compaoré Philippe , Ridde Valéry , De Brouwere Vincent 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn response to the poor performance of its public health care provision, Burkina Faso decided, to implement results‐based financing (RBF). This strategy relies on a strategic purchase of the quantity and quality of services provided by health workers, monitored by a set of indicators. However, there is a lack of evidence on its effects. The objective of this article is to appreciate the effect of RBF on a set of maternal and child health (MCH) indicators in Burkina Faso. The study design is quasi‐experimental comparative with a control group before and after the implementation of the RBF. To estimate the effect of RBF, we used two methods of analysis: (1) the segmented regression to measure the effect of RBF in the health districts (HD) implementing RBF (RBF HD) and (2) the difference‐in‐difference test to estimate the effect of RBF considering the differences in mean between RBF HD and HD that did not implement RBF (non–RBF HD). We found among five indicators studied that only the postnatal consultation coverage in RBF HD was significantly higher (7.68%; P = 0.04) than in the non–RBF HD. Overall, our findings do not clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of RBF in improving MCH indicators in Burkina Faso.
Are health care facilities and programs in Western Uganda encouraging or discouraging men's participation in maternal and child health care?
Authors: Muheirwe Florence , Nuhu Said 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIntroductionIn patriarchal communities, men are in control of health care decisions of their families. As spouses, their health status impacts on the health of their partners and children as well. The participation of men in maternal and child health (MCH) is thus crucial for the reduction of infant and maternal mortality, as spouses and parents. Hence, the government of Uganda has been encouraging male participation in MCH, and healthy facilities have been mandated to implement mandatory male participatory programs such as in antenatal care among others. Despite these initiatives, health facilities and programs have been failing the government's vision.MethodsThe study was done in Muko Health Center IV and Mparo Health Center IV, Kabale District in Western Uganda. Case study approach was used with the application of questionnaires, in‐depth interviews, document analysis, observation, and focus group discussions.ResultsMen relatively participate in programs that have services they can consume as health seekers mostly reproductive health programs such as family planning, prevention of mother‐to‐child transmissions, and elimination of mother‐to‐child transmission. Low participation of men in MCH was attributed to institutional and health facility challenges such as feminization of health messages, inadequate structures, unfriendly health workers, and social cultural factors.ConclusionMale participation in MCH leaves a lot to be desired. Health facilities and structures are neither conducive nor encouraging participation. Therefore, health institutions should design innovative strategies mainstreaming male involvement in line with development trends as well as enhance ethics and integrity among health care workers.
Acculturation gaps in diaspora immigrant adolescent–mother dyads: The case for a domain‐, group‐ and context‐specific view on family adaptation
Authors: Aumann Lara , Titzmann Peter F. 
Published: August 2018

Intergenerational value mismatch in immigrant families, also termed acculturation gap, is well documented. However, in increasingly diverse societies, the generalizability of this phenomenon across immigrant groups, across dimensions and domains of acculturation, and across different receiving societies is questionable. This comparative study investigated mother–adolescent acculturation gaps of two diaspora immigrant samples, who had lived in the former Soviet Union for generations, across two receiving societies (Germany vs. Israel), across two dimensions (ethnic vs. host) in two domains of adaptation (behavioural: language vs. cognitive: identity). In addition, we investigated whether these acculturation gaps are detrimental or beneficial for mother–adolescent communication. Participants comprised 342 diaspora immigrants divided into 80 German repatriate mother–adolescent dyads in Germany (adolescents' mean age: 16.9 years, 48.8% female) and 91 Russian Jewish mother–adolescent dyads in Israel (adolescents' mean age: 15.8 years, 51.6% female) who were interviewed in person at their homes. Results indicated diaspora‐specific effects in ethnic identity, with adolescents identifying more closely with their ethnic culture than their mothers. Our study highlights that acculturation gaps can undermine parent–child‐communication across both contexts, although we also found some context‐specific effects.
Survival benefits with the addition of adjuvant hysterectomy to radiochemotherapy for treatment of stage I‐II adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Bin , Zhang Wen‐Wen , Wu San‐Gang , Sun Jia‐Yuan , He Zhen‐Yu , Zhou Juan 
Published: August 2018

Background and Objectives: To determine the survival benefits of additional adjuvant hysterectomy in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I‐II cervical adenocarcinoma patients treated with radiochemotherapy.Methods: Patients with FIGO stage I‐II cervical adenocarcinoma were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 Regs research database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance patient baseline characteristics. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results: A total of 530 patients were included, 389 (73.4%) underwent definitive radiochemotherapy and 141 (26.6%) underwent an additional adjuvant hysterectomy. The multivariate Cox analysis surgery was shown to be an independent predictor of survival. Before PSM, the hazard ratios for cause‐specific survival and overall survival in the surgery group were 0.632 (P = 0.036) and 0.674 (P = 0.041), respectively. After PSM, the respective hazard ratios were 0.392 (P < 0.001) and 0.465 (P = 0.001). The surgery group had significantly better 5‐year cause‐specific survival (80.5% vs 59.1%; P = 0.001) and overall survival than the nonsurgery group (76.3% vs 56.0%; P = 0.002).Conclusions: Additional adjuvant hysterectomy after radiochemotherapy may improve survival outcomes in patients with FIGO stage I‐II cervical adenocarcinoma.
Dynamic risk stratification in papillary thyroid carcinoma measuring 1 to 4 cm
Authors: Lee Yu‐Mi , Cho Jae Won , Hong Suck Joon , Yoon Jong Ho 
Published: August 2018

Background and ObjectivesThis study aimed to validate the dynamic risk stratification (DRS) system, evaluate its correlation with structural recurrence, and assess the clinicopathological risk factors associated with a nonexcellent response to initial therapy in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) measuring 1 to 4 cm.MethodsA total of 762 patients with classic PTC measuring 1 to 4 cm were classified into four categories based on their response to initial therapy 2 years postoperatively.ResultsStructural recurrent disease occurred in 4.7%, 17.1%, 48.4%, and 83.9% of patients with excellent, indeterminate, biochemically incomplete, and structurally incomplete responses, respectively, at the time of the last follow‐up. The response to initial therapy in the DRS was one of the independent risk factors for structural recurrence. The disease‐free survival curves of patients with different responses showed significant differences (P < 0.001). Extensive extrathyroidal extension, lymph node (LN) metastasis, number of metastatic LNs greater than 2.0, metastatic LN ratio greater than 0.22, and extranodal extension were independent risk factors for nonexcellent response to initial therapy.ConclusionsDRS can be a useful tool in predicting structural recurrence and guiding postoperative management and follow‐up strategies in patients with PTC measuring 1 to 4 cm.
Impact of neoadjuvant therapy on postoperative outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Cools Katherine S. , Sanoff Hanna K. , Kim Hong Jin , Yeh Jen Jen , Stitzenberg Karyn B. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundSurgical resection provides the only potentially curative treatment of pancreatic cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation (NAT) is used to downstage patients with borderline resectable tumors. The objective of this study was to examine the postoperative morbidity and mortality of NAT after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA).MethodsUsing the American College of Surgeons‐National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Targeted Pancreatectomy data, we identified patients who underwent a PD for PDA from 2014 to 2015. Patients were grouped by receipt of NAT 90 days before PD. Bivariable and multivariable analyses was used to compare postoperative outcomes.ResultsA total of 3748 patients with PDA underwent PD; 926 (24.7%) received NAT. Those in the NAT group had more major vein resections, and longer operating times (all P < 0.001). On pathologic staging, those in the NAT group had smaller tumors (T1, 10.9% vs 5.1%; P < 0.001) and fewer nodes positive (N0, 49% vs 28%; P < 0.001). There were no differences in 30‐day postoperative mortality or overall complications. On multivariable analysis, patients who received NAT had a lower likelihood of pancreatic fistula (OR, 0.67; P < 0.001).ConclusionNAT does not increase the overall postoperative morbidity or mortality of PD for PDA. There is a decreased likelihood of pancreatic fistulas in patients that receive neoadjuvant therapy.
Examining customer‐created guilt in a service context
Authors: Pounders Kathrynn R. , Moulard Julie Guidry , Babin Barry J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrevious research in retailing contexts finds customers feel guilty after violating a social norm and that such customer‐induced guilt leads to increased repatronage intention, despite guilt being a negative emotion. However, prior research has neither identified the mechanism through which this occurs nor how relationship type may influence this process. Additionally, previous work has not considered how service providers should react when a customer experiences guilt. This paper advances research on guilt by first proposing that affective and normative commitment are intermediate e‐motivations, mediating the effect of guilt on repatronage intention, but that these e‐motivations differ depending on the strength of the customer's commercial friendship with the service provider. Second, this research investigates whether service providers, when faced with a guilty customer, should emphasize or downplay the customer's norm violation (CNV). Survey findings reveal that affective commitment fully mediates the relationship between guilt and repatronage intention for those in strong commercial friendships, whereas guilt directly affects repatronage intention for those in weak commercial friendships. Normative commitment does not play a mediating role. Additionally, experimental findings suggest that enhancing the CNV increases guilt. However, doing so also increases perceived guilt induction, which ultimately decreases repatronage intention.
Going green to be morally clean: An examination of environmental behavior among materialistic consumers
Authors: Tang Yihui (Elina) , Hinsch Christian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMaterialism and environmentalism have emerged as megatrends in developed western societies. Prior research has suggested that these two values are incompatible. The current research shows that materialistic values can strengthen the positive relationship between environmental knowledge and environmental behaviors under certain conditions. The results suggest moral compensation as the underlying cause. Across four studies, this research uses experimental, survey, and secondary data to show that materialistic values can have a positive impact on indirect environmental behaviors when an individual possesses sufficient environmental knowledge. This effect is stronger in individuals who are highly self‐conscious as well as those primed to be self‐conscious, consistent with the moral compensation paradigm. In summary, the impact of environmental attitudes on environmental behaviors through environmental knowledge is most pronounced when one's materialistic values and self‐consciousness are high. Conceptual, policy‐making, and managerial implications are discussed.