bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Hybrid Method for Estimating Hydrologically Induced Vertical Deformation From GRACE and a Hydrological Model: An Example From Central North America
Authors: Karegar Makan A. , Dixon Timothy H. , Kusche Jürgen , Chambers Don P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHydrologically induced deformation of Earth's surface can be measured with high precision geodetic techniques, which in turn can be used to study the underlying hydrologic process. For geodetic study of other Earth processes such as tectonic and volcanic deformation, or coastal subsidence and its relation to relative sea level rise and flood risk, hydrological loading may be a source of systematic error, requiring accurate correction. Accurate estimation of the hydrologic loading deformation may require consideration of local as well as regional loading effects. We present a new hybrid approach to this problem, providing a mathematical basis for combining local (near field) and regional to global (far field) loading data with different accuracies and spatial resolutions. We use a high‐resolution hydrological model (WGHM) for the near field and GRACE data for the far field. The near field is defined as a spherical cap and its contribution is calculated using numerical evaluation of Green's functions. The far field covers the entire Earth, excluding only the near‐field cap. The far‐field contribution is calculated using a modified spherical harmonic approach. We test our method with a large GPS data set from central North America. Our new hybrid approach improves fits to GPS‐measured vertical displacements, with 25% and 35% average improvement relative to GRACE‐only or WGHM‐only spherical harmonic solutions. Our hybrid approach can be applied to a wide variety of environmental surface loading problems.
Effects of Uncertainties in the Atmospheric Density on the Probability of Collision Between Space Objects
Authors: Bussy‐Virat Charles D. , Ridley Aaron J. , Getchius Joel W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe rapid increase of the number of objects in orbit around the Earth poses a serious threat to operational spacecraft and astronauts. In order to effectively avoid collisions, mission operators need to assess the risk of collision between the satellite and any other object whose orbit is likely to approach its trajectory. Several algorithms predict the probability of collision but have limitations that impair the accuracy of the prediction. An important limitation is that uncertainties in the atmospheric density are usually not taken into account in the propagation of the covariance matrix from current epoch to closest approach time. The atmosphere between 100 km and 700 km is strongly driven by solar and magnetospheric activity. Therefore, uncertainties in the drivers directly relate to uncertainties in the neutral density, hence in the drag acceleration. This results in important considerations for the prediction of Low Earth Orbits, especially for the determination of the probability of collision. This study shows how uncertainties in the atmospheric density can cause significant differences in the probability of collision and presents an algorithm that takes these uncertainties into account to more accurately assess the risk of collision. As an example, the effects of a geomagnetic storm on the probability of collision are illustrated.
Density‐Pressure Profiles of Fe‐Bearing MgSiO3 Liquid: Effects of Valence and Spin States, and Implications for the Chemical Evolution of the Lower Mantle
Authors: Karki Bijaya B. , Ghosh Dipta B. , Maharjan Charitra , Karato Shun‐ichiro , Park Jeffrey 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDensity is a key property controlling the chemical state of Earth's interior. Our knowledge about the density of relevant melt compositions is currently poor at deep‐mantle conditions. Here we report results from first‐principles molecular‐dynamics simulations of Fe‐bearing MgSiO3 liquids considering different valence and spin states of iron over the whole mantle pressure conditions. Our simulations predict the high‐spin to low‐spin transition in both ferrous and ferric iron in the silicate liquid to occur gradually at pressures around 100 GPa. The calculated iron‐induced changes in the melt density (about 8% increase for 25% iron content) are primarily due to the difference in atomic mass between Mg and Fe, with smaller contributions (<2%) from the valence and spin states. A comparison of the predicted density of mixtures of (Mg,Fe)(Si,Fe)O3 and (Mg,Fe)O liquids with the mantle density indicates that the density contrast between the melt and residual‐solid depends strongly on pressure (depth): in the shallow lower mantle (depths < 1,000 km), the melt is lighter than the solids, whereas in the deep lower mantle (e.g., the D″ layer), the melt density exceeds the mantle density when iron content is relatively high and/or melt is enriched with Fe‐rich ferropericlase.
Bedrock Erosion Surfaces Record Former East Antarctic Ice Sheet Extent
Authors: Paxman Guy J. G. , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Ferraccioli Fausto , Bentley Michael J. , Ross Neil , Armadillo Egidio , Gasson Edward G. W. , Leitchenkov German , DeConto Robert M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEast Antarctica hosts large subglacial basins into which the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) likely retreated during past warmer climates. However, the extent of retreat remains poorly constrained, making quantifying past and predicted future contributions to global sea level rise from these marine basins challenging. Geomorphological analysis and flexural modeling within the Wilkes Subglacial Basin are used to reconstruct the ice margin during warm intervals of the Oligocene‐Miocene. Flat‐lying bedrock plateaus are indicative of an ice sheet margin positioned >400–500 km inland of the modern grounding zone for extended periods of the Oligocene‐Miocene, equivalent to a 2‐m rise in global sea level. Our findings imply that if major EAIS retreat occurs in the future, isostatic rebound will enable the plateau surfaces to act as seeding points for extensive ice rises, thus limiting extensive ice margin retreat of the scale seen during the early EAIS.
Joint Inversion for Lithospheric Structures: Implications for the Growth and Deformation in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Deng Yangfan , Li Jiangtao , Song Xiaodong , Zhu Lupei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSeveral geodynamic models have been proposed for the deformation mechanism of Tibetan Plateau (TP), but it remains controversial. Here we applied a method of joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersions with P wave velocity constraint to a dense linear array in the NE Tibet. The results show that the geological blocks, separated by major faults at the surface, are characterized by distinct features in the crust, the Moho, and the uppermost mantle. The main features include crustal low‐velocity zones (LVZs) with variable strengths, anomalous Vp/Vs ratios that are correlated with LVZs, a large Moho jump, and other abrupt changes near major faults, strong mantle lithosphere anomalies, and correlation of crustal and mantle velocities. The results suggest a lithospheric‐scale deformation of continuous shortening as well as localized faulting, which is affected by the strength of the lithosphere blocks. The thickened mantle lithosphere can be removed, which facilitates the formation of middle‐lower crustal LVZ and flow. However, such flow is likely a consequence of the deformation rather than a driving force for the outward growth of the TP. The proposed model of TP deformation and growth can reconcile the continuous deformation within the blocks and major faults at the surface.
Potential role of CBX7 in regulating pluripotency of adult human pluripotent-like olfactory stem cells in stroke model
Authors: Fan Jia-Rong , Lee Hsu-Tung , Lee Wei , Lin Chen-Huan , Hsu Chun Y. , Hsieh Chia-Hung , Shyu Woei-Cherng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe adult olfactory mucosa, a highly regenerative tissue with unique life-long neurogenesis ability, is thought to harbor a naïve yet tightly controlled stem cell population. It will provide unique benefits in various stem cell-based therapies, such as stroke treatment. Here, we identified a subpopulation of adult pluripotent-like olfactory stem cells (APOSCs), which were modulated by an epigenetic repressor of CBX7. APOSCs form a floating sphere, express pluripotency markers Nanog, Oct-4, Sox-2, and SSEA-4 and show alkaline phosphatase activity. In addition, APOSCs display self-renewal and a pluripotent potential to differentiate into all three germ layers. Moreover, APOSCs coexpress pluripotency markers with CBX7. Within their natural niche, APOSCs from CBX7+/+ mice responded promptly to either spontaneous or injury-induced tissue regeneration. However, APOSCs from CBX7−/− mice manifested an impaired self-renewal and differentiation potential. Similarly, in vitro-cultivated CBX7−/− APOSCs underwent premature senescence, whereas CBX7+/+ APOSCs still actively divided, indicating that CBX7 is required for the self-renewal of APOSCs. Intracerebral implantation of APOSCs improved the stroke-mediated neurological dysfunction in rodents. These findings indicate that CBX7 plays a critical role in the regenerative properties of APOSCs and indicate the safety and feasibility of implantation of autologous APOSCs in stroke treatment.
GATA4 regulates angiogenesis and persistence of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jia Wanwan , Wu Weijun , Yang Di , Xiao Chenxi , Huang Mengwei , Long Fen , Su Zhenghua , Qin Ming , Liu Xinhua , Zhu Yi Zhun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal inflammation, angiogenesis, and cartilage destruction. In RA, neoangiogenesis is an early and crucial event to promote the formation of pannus, causing further inflammatory cell infiltration. The transcription factor GATA4 is a critical regulator of cardiac differentiation-specific gene expression. We find that a higher level of GATA4 exists in synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but the function of GATA4 in RA remains unclear. In the present study, IL-1β induces inflammation in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) MH7A, which is accompanied with the increased expression of GATA4 and VEGF production. Through application of GATA4 loss-of-function assays, we confirm the requirement of GATA4 expression for inflammation induced by IL-1β in FLS. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that GATA4 plays key roles in regulating VEGF secretion from RA FLS to promote cellular proliferation, induce cell migration, and angiogenic tube formation of endothelial cells. GATA4 induces the angiogenic factors VEGFA and VEGFC, by directly binding to the promoter and enhancing transcription. The knockdown of GATA4 attenuates the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and prevents RA-augmented angiogenesis in vivo, which are accompanied with decreased VEGF level. These results reveal a previously unrecognized function for GATA4 as a regulator of RA angiogenesis and we provide experimental data validating the therapeutic target of GATA4 in RA mice.
Population coding of conditional probability distributions in dorsal premotor cortex
Authors: Glaser Joshua I. , Perich Matthew G. , Ramkumar Pavan , Miller Lee E. , Kording Konrad P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOur bodies and the environment constrain our movements. For example, when our arm is fully outstretched, we cannot extend it further. More generally, the distribution of possible movements is conditioned on the state of our bodies in the environment, which is constantly changing. However, little is known about how the brain represents such distributions, and uses them in movement planning. Here, we record from dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and primary motor cortex (M1) while monkeys reach to randomly placed targets. The hand’s position within the workspace creates probability distributions of possible upcoming targets, which affect movement trajectories and latencies. PMd, but not M1, neurons have increased activity when the monkey’s hand position makes it likely the upcoming movement will be in the neurons’ preferred directions. Across the population, PMd activity represents probability distributions of individual upcoming reaches, which depend on rapidly changing information about the body’s state in the environment.
Chemokines cooperate with TNF to provide protective anti-viral immunity and to enhance inflammation
Authors: Alejo Alí , Ruiz-Argüello M. Begoña , Pontejo Sergio M. , Fernández de Marco María del Mar , Saraiva Margarida , Hernáez Bruno , Alcamí Antonio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe role of cytokines and chemokines in anti-viral defense has been demonstrated, but their relative contribution to protective anti-viral responses in vivo is not fully understood. Cytokine response modifier D (CrmD) is a secreted receptor for TNF and lymphotoxin containing the smallpox virus-encoded chemokine receptor (SECRET) domain and is expressed by ectromelia virus, the causative agent of the smallpox-like disease mousepox. Here we show that CrmD is an essential virulence factor that controls natural killer cell activation and allows progression of fatal mousepox, and demonstrate that both SECRET and TNF binding domains are required for full CrmD activity. Vaccination with recombinant CrmD protects animals from lethal mousepox. These results indicate that a specific set of chemokines enhance the inflammatory and protective anti-viral responses mediated by TNF and lymphotoxin, and illustrate how viruses optimize anti-TNF strategies with the addition of a chemokine binding domain as soluble decoy receptors.
C/EBPβ regulates delta-secretase expression and mediates pathogenesis in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Zhi-Hao , Gong Ke , Liu Xia , Zhang Zhentao , Sun Xiaoou , Wei Zheng Zachory , Yu Shan Ping , Manfredsson Fredric P. , Sandoval Ivette M. , Johnson Peter F. , Jia Jianping , Wang Jian-Zhi , Ye Keqiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDelta-secretase cleaves both APP and Tau to mediate the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangle in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, how aging contributes to an increase in delta-secretase expression and AD pathologies remains unclear. Here we show that a CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ), an inflammation-regulated transcription factor, acts as a key age-dependent effector elevating both delta-secretase (AEP) and inflammatory cytokines expression in mediating pathogenesis in AD mouse models. We find that C/EBPβ regulates delta-secretase transcription and protein levels in an age-dependent manner. Overexpression of C/EBPβ in young 3xTg mice increases delta-secretase and accelerates the pathological features including cognitive dysfunctions, which is abolished by inactive AEP C189S. Conversely, depletion of C/EBPβ from old 3xTg or 5XFAD mice diminishes delta-secretase and reduces AD pathologies, leading to amelioration of cognitive impairment in these AD mouse models. Thus, our findings support that C/EBPβ plays a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis via increasing delta-secretase expression.
Clinical and genomic landscape of gastric cancer with a mesenchymal phenotype
Authors: Oh Sang Cheul , Sohn Bo Hwa , Cheong Jae-Ho , Kim Sang-Bae , Lee Jae Eun , Park Ki Cheong , Lee Sang Ho , Park Jong-Lyul , Park Yun-Yong , Lee Hyun-Sung , Jang Hee-Jin , Park Eun Sung , Kim Sang-Cheol , Heo Jeonghoon , Chu In-Sun , Jang You-Jin , Mok Young-Jae , Jung WonKyung , Kim Baek-Hui , Kim Aeree , Cho Jae Yong , Lim Jae Yun , Hayashi Yuki , Song Shumei , Elimova Elena , Estralla Jeannelyn S. , Lee Jeffrey H. , Bhutani Manoop S. , Lu Yiling , Liu Wenbin , Lee Jeeyun , Kang Won Ki , Kim Sung , Noh Sung Hoon , Mills Gordon B. , Kim Seon-Young , Ajani Jaffer A. , Lee Ju-Seog 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGastric cancer is a heterogeneous cancer, making treatment responses difficult to predict. Here we show that we identify two distinct molecular subtypes, mesenchymal phenotype (MP) and epithelial phenotype (EP), by analyzing genomic and proteomic data. Molecularly, MP subtype tumors show high genomic integrity characterized by low mutation rates and microsatellite stability, whereas EP subtype tumors show low genomic integrity. Clinically, the MP subtype is associated with markedly poor survival and resistance to standard chemotherapy, whereas the EP subtype is associated with better survival rates and sensitivity to chemotherapy. Integrative analysis shows that signaling pathways driving epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)/IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) pathway are highly activated in MP subtype tumors. Importantly, MP subtype cancer cells are more sensitive to inhibition of IGF1/IGF1R pathway than EP subtype. Detailed characterization of these two subtypes could identify novel therapeutic targets and useful biomarkers for prognosis and therapy response.
Rechargeable lithium-ion cell state of charge and defect detection by in-situ inside-out magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ilott Andrew J. , Mohammadi Mohaddese , Schauerman Christopher M. , Ganter Matthew J. , Jerschow Alexej 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhen and why does a rechargeable battery lose capacity or go bad? This is a question that is surprisingly difficult to answer; yet, it lies at the heart of progress in the fields of consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and electrical storage. The difficulty is related to the limited amount of information one can obtain from a cell without taking it apart and analyzing it destructively. Here, we demonstrate that the measurement of tiny induced magnetic field changes within a cell can be used to assess the level of lithium incorporation into the electrode materials, and diagnose certain cell flaws that could arise from assembly. The measurements are fast, can be performed on finished and unfinished cells, and most importantly, can be done nondestructively with cells that are compatible with commercial design requirements with conductive enclosures.
Measuring Integration Processes in Visual Symmetry with Frequency-Tagged EEG
Authors: Alp Nihan , Kohler Peter Jes , Kogo Naoki , Wagemans Johan , Norcia Anthony Matthew 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSymmetry is a highly salient feature of the natural world which requires integration of visual features over space. The aim of the current work is to isolate dynamic neural correlates of symmetry-specific integration processes. We measured steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) as participants viewed symmetric patterns comprised of distinct spatial regions presented at two different frequencies (f1and f2). We measured intermodulation components, shown to reflect non-linear processing at the neural level, indicating integration of spatially separated parts of the pattern. We generated a wallpaper pattern containing two reflection symmetry axes by tiling the plane with a two-fold reflection symmetric unit-pattern and split each unit-pattern diagonally into separate parts which could be presented at different frequencies. We compared SSVEPs measured for wallpapers and control patterns for which both images were equal in terms of translation and rotation symmetry but reflection symmetry could only emerge for the wallpaper pattern through integration of the image-pairs. We found that low-frequency intermodulation components differed between the wallpaper and control stimuli, indicating the presence of integration mechanisms specific to reflection symmetry. These results showed that spatial integration specific to symmetry perception can be isolated through a combination of stimulus design and the frequency tagging approach.
Establishment and validation of the scoring system for preoperative prediction of central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Liu Wen , Cheng Ruochuan , Ma Yunhai , Wang Dan , Su Yanjun , Diao Chang , Zhang Jianming , Qian Jun , Liu Jin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEarly preoperative diagnosis of central lymph node metastasis (CNM) is crucial to improve survival rates among patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Here, we analyzed clinical data from 2862 PTC patients and developed a scoring system using multivariable logistic regression and testified by the validation group. The predictive diagnostic effectiveness of the scoring system was evaluated based on consistency, discrimination ability, and accuracy. The scoring system considered seven variables: gender, age, tumor size, microcalcification, resistance index >0.7, multiple nodular lesions, and extrathyroid extension. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.742, indicating a good discrimination. Using 5 points as a diagnostic threshold, the validation results for validation group had an AUC of 0.758, indicating good discrimination and consistency in the scoring system. The sensitivity of this predictive model for preoperative diagnosis of CNM was 4 times higher than a direct ultrasound diagnosis. These data indicate that the CNM prediction model would improve preoperative diagnostic sensitivity for CNM in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Synchronization by uncorrelated noise: interacting rhythms in interconnected oscillator networks
Authors: Meng John Hongyu , Riecke Hermann 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOscillators coupled in a network can synchronize with each other to yield a coherent population rhythm. How do multiple such rhythms interact with each other? Do these collective oscillations synchronize like individual oscillators? We show that this is not the case: for strong, inhibitory coupling rhythms can become synchronized by noise. In contrast to stochastic synchronization, this new mechanism synchronizes the rhythms even if the noisy inputs to different oscillators are completely uncorrelated. Key for the synchrony across networks is the reduced synchrony within the networks: it substantially increases the frequency range across which the networks can be entrained by other networks or by periodic pacemaker-like inputs. We demonstrate this type of robust synchronization for different classes of oscillators and network connectivities. The synchronization of different population rhythms is expected to be relevant for brain rhythms.
Applications of Bayesian network models in predicting types of hematological malignancies
Authors: Agrahari Rupesh , Foroushani Amir , Docking T. Roderick , Chang Linda , Duns Gerben , Hudoba Monika , Karsan Aly , Zare Habil 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNetwork analysis is the preferred approach for the detection of subtle but coordinated changes in expression of an interacting and related set of genes. We introduce a novel method based on the analyses of coexpression networks and Bayesian networks, and we use this new method to classify two types of hematological malignancies; namely, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Our classifier has an accuracy of 93%, a precision of 98%, and a recall of 90% on the training dataset (n = 366); which outperforms the results reported by other scholars on the same dataset. Although our training dataset consists of microarray data, our model has a remarkable performance on the RNA-Seq test dataset (n = 74, accuracy = 89%, precision = 88%, recall = 98%), which confirms that eigengenes are robust with respect to expression profiling technology. These signatures are useful in classification and correctly predicting the diagnosis. They might also provide valuable information about the underlying biology of diseases. Our network analysis approach is generalizable and can be useful for classifying other diseases based on gene expression profiles. Our previously published Pigengene package is publicly available through Bioconductor, which can be used to conveniently fit a Bayesian network to gene expression data.