bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of Potato Parental Lines with Complex Resistances to Potato Pathogens and Pests
Authors: Flis Bogdan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The efficiency of breeding new potato cultivars may be increased by pre-breeding that is by developing parental lines, which have new traits, not present in the genetic pool available for breeders or have new combinations of genes, or have improved level of economically important traits. The use of parental lines in commercial breeding programs is expected to ensure the biological progress in the newly created cultivars of potato. At the beginning, the development of parental lines in Młochów Research Center of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute (IHAR-PIB) was focused on resistance to viruses and later on resistance to late blight and other pathogens. The procedures of selecting resistant parental lines are described. These procedures were initially based on purely phenotypic tests for resistance, which lately were supplemented with marker assisted selection (MAS) applying molecular markers linked with some resistance genes.
Evaluation of the Length of the Vegetation Period of the Potato
Authors: Plich Jarosław 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Potato cultivars are classified into maturity groups according to the length of the vegetation period required to produce a harvestable product. Although accurate classification of potato cultivars to a specific maturity group is of great practical importance, there is no standard method to characterize the maturity type of potato cultivars. In this work, the method of evaluation of vegetation period routinely used at IHAR-PIB, Młochów Research Center is described.
Effects of initial concentration and irradiation dose to degradation of di butyl phthalate from phosphoric acid (30 % P2O5)
Authors: Bounemia Louisa , Mellah Abdelhamid 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The pretreatment of the phosphoric acid is a stage of utmost importance leading to an optimal recovery of the uranium present in this acid. To this end, the degradation of the organic matter which obstructs considerably this recovery was tested by γ irradiation. This study lies within the scope of the radiation/matter interaction; concerning the use of the γ irradiator as proceed of phosphoric acid purification by the degradation of di butyl phthalate (DBP). Studies of the interaction of γ radiation with phosphoric acid solutions polluted by an organic matter concern the study of the influence of some parameters such as: dose rate (0.5–35 kGy), initial concentration (50–500 mg/L) of the pollutant, pH and % in P2O5 on the degradation of organic matter by γ irradiation. The reactions followed pseudo first order kinetics for different initial concentrations. The results made it possible to say that the degradation of di butyl phthalate by γ irradiation is dependent on the amount of the concentration of DBP and pH. The G-values decreased with absorbed doses, and increased with higher initial concentrations.Purification of phosphoric acid by γ radiation does not degrade the quality of this acid.
Colonial Violence and the Roots of Fascist Writing
Authors: Santiáñez Nil 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article explores the connection between fascist writing and modern colonialism through the analysis of several works produced by F.T. Marinetti, Rafael Sánchez Mazas, and Ernst Jünger. Each of them visited Africa at some point in their lives. Marinetti spent fall 1911 in Libya, where he reported on the Turco-Italian War; his chronicles were collected in La Bataille de Tripoli (1912). Sánchez Mazas was sent to Morocco in fall 1921 as the war correspondent for El pueblo vasco, a daily that published his series of articles - “La campaña de África” - on the Rif War. Jünger went to Algeria in 1913 to receive training as a new member of the French Foreign Legion, an episode that he would novelize in Afrikanische Spiele (1936). This study contends that the stay of these three writers in Africa was an event that, together with other factors, determined their fascism.
The Evaluation of the Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Cisplatin-Induced Alterations in Exploratory Activity in Elevated Plus Maze Test in Rats
Authors: Pantic Milica , Minic Milos 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cisplatin-induced alterations in anxiety levels in rats, by means of parameters of the exploratory activity obtained in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Animals were divided into four groups: control group, cisplatin group (7.5 mg/kg/weekly of cisplatin), N-acetylcysteine group (500 mg/kg/weekly of NAC), and cisplatin plus N-acetylcysteine group (7.5 mg/kg/weekly of cisplatin, and 500 mg/kg/weekly of NAC). After two weeks of treatment, exploratory activity (estimated by means of the number of rearings, head-dippings and the number of total exploratory activity episodes) was significantly reduced in cisplatin group comparing to control values. Although NAC induced no alterations in exploratory activity when applied alone, simultaneous administration with cisplatin resulted in significant attenuation of cisplatin-induced decline in exploratory activity. The exploratory activity gradually decreased in time-dependent manner during five minutes of EPM test in all groups. The results of this study confirmed clear beneficial effect of NAC supplementation against cisplatin- induced neurotoxicity in rats. Antioxidative properties of NAC were manifested through restoration of exploratory activity, confirming that NAC administration can attenuate anxiogenic effect of cisplatin therapy. Those results could recommend NAC supplementation as a potential protection against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity.
Hitler – das „Heilige in Erscheinung“?
Authors: Heep Stefan 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die religiöse Dimension des Nationalsozialismus ist Gegenstand einer sehr kontroversen Fachdebatte, die von der Ablehnung einer solchen über Begriffe wie Religionsersatz, Ersatzreligion und politische Religion bis hin zu „echter“ Religion reicht. Ansatz dieses Artikels ist, dass viele Hitler als das „Heilige“ im Sinne Rudolf Ottos erlebten. Um das zu verstehen, wird der Glaube Hitlers in Relation gesetzt zum Glauben an Hitler, und die damals populäre Ansicht, der Nationalsozialismus sei das „wahre“ Christentum, wird Hitlers Absicht gegenübergestellt, ein „Deutschtum“ nach dem Vorbild des Judentums zu schaffen. Es entstand ein religiöser Glaube, der maßgeblich von der Wirkung Hitlers gespeist wurde. Nur weil Hitler über Jahrhunderte tradierte Wahrnehmungsmuster bediente, konnte das areligiöse Fusionserlebnis, das seine Reden hervorriefen, als das „Heilige“ interpretiert werden.
Das Dogma der Unübersetzbarkeit des Korans – eine kritische Rekonstruktion
Authors: Selmani Lirim 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag thematisiert die Genese des Dogmas der Unübersetzbarkeit des Korans. Mit Unübersetzbarkeit ist gemeint, dass der Koran nichtübersetztwerdenkann, nicht, dass er nichtübersetztwerdensoll. Das Dogma besagt, dass die sprachliche Form des Korans göttlich gewollt ist und auf eine himmlische arabische Urschrift zurückgeht, so dass der Koran unübersetzbar ist. Hier ist der Frage nachzugehen, welche Faktoren die Entwicklung dieses Dogmas begünstigt haben. Einen zweiten Schwerpunkt bildet der Vergleich islamischer und islamwissenschaftlicher deutscher Koranübersetzungen. Religionswissenschaftlich ist dies von Interesse, weil so veranschaulicht werden kann, wie sich Gläubige und Wissenschaftler zum selben Gegenstand verhalten, wie sie ihre voneinander abweichenden Haltungen begründen und legitimieren. Es wird die These vertreten, dass der Koran übersetzbar ist. In Übersetzungen geht allerdings vieles vom Originaltext verloren, was aber für alle übersetzten Texte gilt.
Functionalization of 1,3-diphosphacyclobutadiene cobalt complexes via Si–P bond insertion
Authors: Rödl Christian , Malberg Jennifer Bissmeyer neé , Wolf Robert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report the synthesis of functionalized 1,3-bis(diphosphacyclobutadiene) complexes via the insertion of carbon-oxygen bonds of ethers, esters, aldehydes and amides into the P–Si bond of silylated complexes. Reactions of [K(tol)2][Co(η4-P2C2R2)2] [[K(tol)2][1a]:R=tBu,[K(tol)2][1b]:R=tPent (=tert-pentyl)] with Me3SiCl afford the trimethylsilyl-substituted derivatives [Co(η4-P2C2R2SiMe3)(η4-P2C2R2)] (2a,b, R=tBu,tPent). The Me3Si group is connected to a phosphorus atom of one of the 1,3-diphosphacyclobutadiene ligands.2a,breadily react with organic substrates containing C–O single and C=O double bonds at ambient temperature. [Co(η4-P2C2R2(CH2)4OSiMe3)(η4-P2C2R2)] (3a,b) are formed by reaction of2a,bwith traces of THF. They can also be isolated by reacting the THF solvates [K(thf)2{Co(P2C2tBu2)2}] ([K(thf)2][1a]) and [K(thf)3{Co(P2C2tPent2)2}] ([K(thf)3][1b]) with Me3SiCl in toluene or THF. The adamantyl-substituted complex [Co(η4-P2C2Ad2(CH2)4OSiMe3)(η4-P2C2Ad2)] (3c) was prepared analogously from [K(thf)4{Co(P2C2Ad2)2}] and Me3SiCl.[K(thf)2][1a]reacts cleanly with Ph3SnCl affording [Co(η4-P2C2tBu2SnPh3)(η4-P2C2tBu2)] (4) in high yield. Reaction of2awith styrene oxide affords [Co(η4-P2C2tBu2PhC2H3OSiMe3)(η4-P2C2tBu2)] (5) as a single regioisomer. By contrast, multinuclear NMR spectroscopic studies indicate mixtures of two isomeric insertion products6/6′ and7/7′, respectively, which result from the insertion of 1,2-epoxy-2-methylpropane and 1,2-epoxyoctane. Moreover, these monitoring studies show that reactions of2awith acyclic ethers afford alkyl substituted complexes such as [Co(η4-P2C2tBu2Et)(η4-P2C2tBu2)] (8) and alkylsilyl ethers. Reaction of2awithγ-butyrolactone gives [Co(η4-P2C2tBu2(CH2)3C(O)OSiMe3)(η4-P2C2tBu2)] (9) via cleavage of the endocyclic C–O single bond of the lactone. Benzaldehyde and acetone cleanly react with2ato [Co(η4-P2C2tBu2CH(Ph)OSiMe3)(η4-P2C2tBu2)] (10) and [Co(η4-P2C2tBu2CMe2OSiMe3)(η4-P2C2tBu2)] (11), while the sterically more demanding ketones 3-pentanone and acetophenone selectively yield the known hydride complex [Co(η4-P2C2tBu2)2H] (A). Phenyl isocyanate reacts with2aat elevated temperature to form [Co(η3-P2C2tBu2CON(Ph)SiMe3)(η4-P2C2tBu2)] (12) with a functionalizedη3-coordinated ligand.[K(tol)2][1a],[K(tol)2][1b],2a,2b,3a–c,4,5, and9–12were isolated and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis.[K(tol)2][1b],2a,2b,3c,4,5, and9–12were additionally characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Deciphering Hybrid Larch Reaction Norms Using Random Regression
Authors: Marchal Alexandre , Schlichting Carl D , Gobin Rémy , Balandier Philippe , Millier Frédéric , Muñoz Facundo , Pâques Luc E , Sánchez Leopoldo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The link between phenotypic plasticity and heterosis is a broad fundamental question, with stakes in breeding. We report a case-study evaluating temporal series of wood ring traits of hybrid larch (Larix decidua × L. kaempferi and reciprocal) in relation to soil water availability. Growth rings record the tree plastic responses to past environmental conditions, and we used random regressions to estimate the reaction norms of ring width and wood density with respect to water availability. We investigated the role of phenotypic plasticity on the construction of hybrid larch heterosis and on the expression of its quantitative genetic parameters. The data came from an intra-/interspecific diallel mating design between both parental species. Progenies were grown in two environmentally contrasted sites, in France. Ring width plasticity with respect to water availability was confirmed, as all three taxa produced narrower rings under the lowest water availability. Hybrid larch appeared to be the most plastic taxon as its superiority over its parental species increased with increasing water availability. Despite the low heritabilities of the investigated traits, we found that the expression of a reliable negative correlation between them was conditional to the water availability environment. Finally, by means of a complementary simulation, we demonstrated that random regression can be applied to model the reaction norms of non-repeated records of phenotypic plasticity bound by a family structure. Random regression is a powerful tool for the modeling of reaction norms in various contexts, especially perennial species.
Income Disparities and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Adolescents
Authors: Jackson Sandra L. , Yang Emily C. , Zhang Zefeng 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Socioeconomic disparities in cardiovascular health among adults have been documented, but disparities during adolescence are less understood. In this study, we examined secular trends in 7 cardiovascular risk factors and disparities among US adolescents.

METHODS:
We analyzed NHANES data from 1999 to 2014, including 11 557 (4854 fasting) participants aged 12 to 19 years. To examine trends in cardiovascular risk factors, adolescents were stratified into 3 groups on the basis of family poverty-income ratio: low income (poverty-income ratio, &lt;1.3), middle income (≥1.3 and &lt;3.5), and high income (≥3.5).

RESULTS:
From 1999 to 2014, the prevalence of obesity increased (16.5%–21.0%, P = .001) but only among low- and middle-income adolescents, with significant disparities in prevalence by income (21.7% vs 14.6% among low- versus high-income adolescents, respectively, in 2011–2014). In addition, there were significant and persistent disparities in the prevalence of smoking (20.8% vs 7.4% among low- versus high-income adolescents, respectively, in 2011–2014), low-quality diet (67.8% vs 49.0%), and physical inactivity (25.6% vs 17.0%). No significant disparities were observed in the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia, although the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes increased among low-income adolescents (21.4%–28.0%, P = .01). Overall, the prevalence of adolescents with 2 or more risk factors declined (48.3% to 37.1%, P&lt;.001), but this decline was only significant for high- and middle-income adolescents.

CONCLUSIONS:
Recent improvements in cardiovascular health have not been equally shared by US adolescents of varying socioeconomic status.
Post-polio syndrome, report of two cases
Authors: Zúñiga-Cerón Luisa Fernanda , Saavedra-Torres Jhan Sebastián , Zamora-Bastidas Tomás Omar , Pinzón-Fernández María Virginia 
Published: October 2018

El síndrome pospoliomielitis se reconoce como un trastorno neurológico que aparece décadas después de un episodio agudo de poliomielitis y disminuye la capacidad funcional hasta afectar las actividades cotidianas. El evento ocurre en un 20-80% de las personas que fueron afectadas por el virus de la poliomielitis, es más frecuente en las mujeres y existe una relación directa entre el riesgo de padecer este síndrome y el grado de severidad de las secuelas de la polio. El objetivo de este artículo es la presentación de dos casos clínicos de pacientes que presentaron este síndrome después de cerca de cuarenta años de haber presentado un episodio de poliomielitis. Se cuestiona el concepto de la poliomielitis como una enfermedad estática; además, en los casos presentados esta patología constituye un proceso de difícil diagnóstico y manejo. El impacto psicológico y funcional en los pacientes se asume como un reto para el profesional de salud, puesto que se deben identificar las necesidades clínicas y reducir las barreras asistenciales existentes en la actualidad.
Materialidades fílmicas, magia e montagem: Reflexões sobre a montagem cinematográfica em Interface (1995)
Authors: Genaro Ednei De 
Published: October 2018

Realizamos uma interpretação da obra Interface (1995), que nos convoca a fazer seis breves reflexões, relacionando questões sobre materialidades fílmicas, magia e montagem no contexto da sociedade industrial.
Influence of psychosocial risk factors on the dynamics of indicators of temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Slesarev O V , Bayrikov I M , Kovshova O S , Komarova M V 
Published: October 2018

Aim. To analyze the influence of psychosocial risk factors on the dynamics of indicators characterizing temporomandibular disorders.
Methods. 61 clinical cases of temporomandibular disorders with chronic pain were investigated (18 % of the total number of observations of temporomandibular disorders). Diagnostic criteria of temporomandibular disorders were used: axis II, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of temporomandibular joint. Interviewing method was used for clinical diagnosis of psychological phenomena and testing attitude to the disease, identifying communicative deviations according to R.C. Rogers (2002). Patients were divided into 2 groups: group A - patients with nociceptive pain, social adaptation is not disturbed; group B - patients with neuropathic pain, psychosomatization on the background of mental rigidity. In both groups, an identical treatment regimen was implemented for two years. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using IBM SPSS 21 and included comparison of related groups by Friedman analysis and paired Wilcoxon test, comparison of independent groups by Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon criterion, and comparison of the qualitative features by contingency tables by Chi-square Pearson.
Results. The radiological semiotics of temporomandibular joint in both groups is similar in the structure of nosology. At the beginning of the treatment cycle, the pain intensity and the temporomandibular index are similar. After 2 years of follow-up, patients in group A showed a significantly higher positive response to the therapy compared to patients in group B: pain intensity in group A was 15.36±2.53 and in group B - 37.32±3.45 (p<0.001); depression on the SCL-90-R scale - 0.29±0.04 and 1.12±0.12 (p<0.001), the degree of disability on the GCPS scale - 0.68±0.08 and 1.17±0.10 (p=0.001), temporomandibular index - 0.15±0.01 and 0.23±0.02 (p<0.001), respectively.
Conclusion. In patients of group B, affective disorders form the psychosomatic structure of personality and affect the outcome of therapy. When formulating the final diagnosis and planning the treatment in patients with temporomandibular disorders, it is necessary to take into account the psychosocial characteristics of the patient.
About history and significance of the eugenic ideas
Authors: Sher S A , Yakovleva T V , Al’bitskiy V Yu 
Published: October 2018

Aim. To show the short history of the origin and development of the eugenic ideas at the beginning of the 20th century.
Methods. Historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were used.
Results. The article presents the results of historical and medical research that demonstrated that close by the tasks to medicine eugenics studied inherited properties, their social manifestations and historical changes. Science eugenics gained wide circulation and recognition in 1920s in USSR. The ideas became popular that achievements of the Soviet health care, its preventive direction lead to creation of higher sanitary culture and realization of eugenic tasks for creation of the harmonious Soviet identity. Since the early 1930s in the Soviet Union the eugenics underwent severe criticism. The eugenic ideas were completely discredited by Nazi programs of fascist Germany in 1933-1945 when millions of people were exterminated. In the end of the 20th century interest in eugenics has renewed because of development of genetics.
Conclusion. Despite the ambiguous past, the eugenics had played a certain positive role as it allowed understanding genetic and anthropological human features, and served as an incentive for development of medical genetics and study of genetic diseases.
Assessment of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes in Terms of Some Nutritional and Antioxidant Parameters
Authors: Kalefetoğlu Macar Tuğçe , Macar Oksal , Çil Ayşe Nuran , Oluk Celile Aylin , Çil Abdullah 
Published: October 2018

The
objective of this study was to investigate some nutritional and antioxidant
parameters of six different peanut genotypes grown in Turkey. Unshelled seed
extracts were used for analyses. The skins of the seeds were not peeled. The
crude protein and the crude oil amounts, fatty acid compositions, the total
phenolic and flavonoid contents and the total antioxidant capacities were
investigated. The crude oil contents of seeds ranged from 43.9 to 45.9%. On the
other hand, the crude protein contents varied between 26.9 and 30.6%. The
highest protein percentage was determined in NC-7 seeds. The crude oil contents
of the genotypes were not different statistically. Oleic acid was the most
plentiful fatty acid in all genotypes and followed by linoleic acid, palmitic,
stearic and linolenic acids, respectively. The highest oleic acid/linoleic acid
ratio was found in NC-7 and DA35/2011. Data obtained from the total phenolic
and the total flavonoid analyses had similar manners for each genotype. NC-7
and DA35-2011 were the poorest genotypes in the total phenolic and flavonoid
levels. With regards to the ABTS.+ radical scavenging activity, the
most powerful genotypes were Gazipaşa and Sultan. Our study showed that the
more phenolic content gave rise to the more antioxidant capacity for each
genotype.
Kaystros Ovasından Yeni Mezar Yapıları
Authors: KALKAN Hatice 
Published: October 2018

Bu
çalışmada Antik Lydia Bölgesinde yer alan Kaystros Ovasındaki (Küçük Menderes)
son yıllarda tespiti yapılan yeni tümülüs ve kaya mezar örnekleri tanıtılmaktadır. Günümüzde Bozdağlar
(Tmolos)ve Aydın Dağları (Messogis) arasında kalan Kaystrianon Pedion olarak
bilinen bu bereketli ovalık alanda karşılaşılan tümülüs mezar anıtları, buradaki
nüfuzlu ve zengin Lydialıların varlığına
işaret eden önemli kalıntılardır. Tümüsler genellikle topografik olarak Tmolos Dağları’nın alçak güney yamaçları üzerinde konumlanmış durumdadırlar. Mezar odalarında ya da yığma toprakta herhangi bir küçük buluntu olmaması, tarihlemenin
daha çok mimari planlama çerçevesinde yapılmasına yol açmaktadır Doğal kayaçların tek ya da çift odalı olarak
planlandıkları örneklerde klineli, khamasorionlu düzenlemelerle karşılaşılırken, nişli ve arcosoliumlu
hiçbir örneğin bulunmaması, yapımlarının Roma öncesine ait olduğu izlenimini
güçlendirmekle birlikte, oldukça ağır işçilik ve yapım süreci gerektiren bu oda
mezarlarının geç dönemlerde de çoklu defin işlevi için kullanılmış
olabilecekleri kuvvetli olasılıktır.
Rural development and family agriculture in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais in the light of multivariate data analysis
Authors: Santos Luana Ferreira dos , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques , Campos Ana Paula Teixeira de 
Published: October 2018

This paper analyze the rural development in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais and verify if family farming is a key factor in explaining it. The factor analysis reinforce the importance of the six aspects that influence rural development. The Rural Development Index show that most of the municipalities falls within the category of medium rural development followed by the categories high and low development. The multinomial logit model showed of 45.6% of municipalities, family farming is able to predict the level of rural development.