bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction Using the Anatomical Two-Tailed Graft Technique: Clinical Outcomes in the Multiligament Injured Knee
Authors: Woodmass Jarret , Sanders Thomas , Johnson Nick , Wu Isabella , Krych Aaron , Stuart Michael , Levy Bruce 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInjury to the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee can lead to both varus and rotational instability. Multiple PLC reconstruction techniques have been described, including one-tailed graft (fibula-based constructs) or two-tailed graft (combined fibula- and tibia-based constructs). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of anatomical two-tailed graft reconstruction of the PLC in the setting of multiligament knee injuries (MKLIs) with grade III varus instability. Patients were identified through a prospective MLKI database between 2004 and 2013. Patients who received fibular collateral ligament and PLC reconstructions using a two-tailed graft and had a minimum follow-up of 2 years were included. Patients were assessed for clinical laxity grade, range of motion, and functional outcomes using Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores. Twenty patients (16 male, 4 female) with a mean age of 30.7 (range: 16–52) and a mean follow-up of 52.2 months (range: 24–93 months) were included. Knee dislocation (KD) grades included: 4 KD-1, 10 KD 3-L, 5 KD-4, and 1 KD-5. No patients had isolated PLC injuries. Mean IKDC and Lysholm score were 73.1 ± 25.8 and 78 ± 26, respectively. Mean range of motion was –1.1 to 122.8. In full extension, two patients (10%) had grade 1 laxity to varus stress. In 30 degrees of knee flexion, five (25%) patients had grade 1 laxity, and two (10%) had grade 2 laxity. Anatomical two-tailed PLC reconstruction can reliably restore varus stability when performed on patients with MLKIs and type C posterolateral instability with hyperextension external rotation recurvatum deformity. Satisfactory functional outcome scores were achieved in the majority of patients. This study supports the use of an anatomical two-tailed PLC reconstruction in the multiligament injured knee. The level of evidence is IV, case series.
Prävention der Krankenhaus-erworbenen Anämie
Authors: Wolf Katrin 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungMit der immer älter werdenden Bevölkerung steigt die Inzidenz behandlungspflichtiger Erkrankungen und
Operationen und damit das Risiko für perioperative Blutverluste mit irreversiblem Verlust von Erythrozyten und
erforderlichen Bluttransfusionen. Allein in deutschen Krankenhäusern lag die Zahl der chirurgischen Eingriffe
im Jahr 2016 bei 16,7 Millionen. Mehr als jeder 2. hospitalisierte Patient erleidet eine im Krankenhaus
erworbene Anämie aufgrund von Behandlungsprozessen, Blutverlusten im Verlauf von Laboruntersuchungen, okkulten
Blutungsquellen oder gestörter Erythropoese. Gegenmaßnahmen durch entsprechendes umfassendes Patient Blood
Management sind daher essenziell, um patienteneigene Blutressourcen unter Einsatz moderner Möglichkeiten,
Initiativen zur Prozessoptimierung und innovativer Konzepte so weit wie möglich zu schonen. Neben der
Reduktion des diagnostisch notwendigen Blutvolumens bieten die Implementierung von Gerinnungsalgorithmen
mithilfe von Gerinnungsfaktorkonzentraten und Antifibrinolytika wie Tranexamsäure und Point-of-care
Gerinnungsdiagnostik sowie das Auffangen, Reinigen und Wiederzuführen von Wundblut, die maschinelle
Autotransfusion (MAT), wertvolle Möglichkeiten, den Einsatz von allogenen Blutprodukten und damit von
allergischen, hämolytischen sowie nicht hämolytischen Nebenwirkungen so gering wie möglich zu halten.
Endoscopy assistants influence the quality of colonoscopy
Authors: Holme Øyvind , Pedersen Ina , Medhus Asle , Aabakken Lars , Glomsaker Tom , Kvamme Jan , Løberg Magnus , Bretthauer Michael , Seip Birgitte , Kjellevold Øystein , Jørgensen Anita , Furholm Siv , Hoff Geir , de Lange Thomas 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background Colonoscopy performance varies between endoscopists, but little is known about the impact of endoscopy assistants on key performance indicators. We used a large prospective colonoscopy quality database to perform an exploratory study to evaluate differences in selected quality indicators between endoscopy assistants.
Methods All colonoscopies reported to the Norwegian colonoscopy quality assurance register Gastronet can be used to trace individual endoscopy assistants. We analyzed key quality indicators (cecum intubation rate, polyp detection rate, colonoscopies rated as severely painful, colonoscopies with sedation or analgesia, and satisfaction with information) for colonoscopies performed between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2014. Differences between individual assistants were analyzed by fitting multivariable logistic regression models, with the best performing assistant at each participating hospital as reference. All models were adjusted for the endoscopist.
Results 63 endoscopy assistants from 12 hospitals assisted in 15 365 colonoscopies. Compared with their top performing peers from the same hospital, one assistant was associated with cecum intubation failure, four with poor polyp detection, nine with painful colonoscopy, 16 with administration of sedation or analgesics during colonoscopy, and three with patient dissatisfaction about information given relating to the colonoscopy. The number of procedures during the study period or lifetime experience as an endoscopy assistant were not associated with any quality indicator.
Conclusion In this exploratory study, there was little variation on important colonoscopy quality indicators between endoscopy assistants. However, there were differences among assistants that may be clinically important. Endoscopy assistants should be subject to quality surveillance similarly to endoscopists.
Extended Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities, and remainders, stability, and superweights for 𝐿^{𝑝}-weighted Hardy inequalities
Authors: Ruzhansky Michael , Suragan Durvudkhan , Yessirkegenov Nurgissa 
Published: February 2018

In this paper we give an extension of the classical Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities: we show that for

1
>
p
,
q
>
∞

1>p,q>\infty

,

0
>
r
>
∞

0>r>\infty

with

p
+
q
≥
r

p+q\geq r

,

δ
∈
[
0
,
1
]
∩

[

r
−
q

r

,

p
r

]

\delta \in [0,1]\cap \left [\frac {r-q}{r},\frac {p}{r}\right ]

with

δ
r

p

+

(
1
−
δ
)
r

q

=
1

\frac {\delta r}{p}+\frac {(1-\delta )r}{q}=1

and

a
a

,

b
b

,

c
∈

R

c\in \mathbb {R}

with

c
=
δ
(
a
−
1
)
+
b
(
1
−
δ
)

c=\delta (a-1)+b(1-\delta )

, and for all functions

f
∈

C

0

∞

(

R

n

∖
{
0
}
)

f\in C_{0}^{\infty }(\mathbb {R}^{n}\backslash \{0\})

we have

‖

|

x

|

c

f

‖

L

r

(

R

n

)

≤

|

p

n
−
p
(
1
−
a
)

|

δ

‖

|

x

|

a

∇
f
‖

L

p

(

R

n

)

δ

‖

|

x

|

b

f
‖

L

q

(

R

n

)

1
−
δ

\begin{equation*} \||x|^{c}f\|_{L^{r}(\mathbb {R}^{n})} \leq \left |\frac {p}{n-p(1-a)}\right |^{\delta } \left \||x|^{a}\nabla f\right \|^{\delta }_{L^{p}(\mathbb {R}^{n})} \left \||x|^{b}f\right \|^{1-\delta }_{L^{q}(\mathbb {R}^{n})} \end{equation*}

for

n
≠
p
(
1
−
a
)

n\neq p(1-a)

, where the constant

|

p

n
−
p
(
1
−
a
)

|

δ

\left |\frac {p}{n-p(1-a)}\right |^{\delta }

is sharp for

p
=
q

p=q

with

a
−
b
=
1

a-b=1

or

p
≠
q

p\neq q

with

p
(
1
−
a
)
+
b
q
≠
0

p(1-a)+bq\neq 0

. In the critical case

n
=
p
(
1
−
a
)

n=p(1-a)

we have

‖

|

x

|

c

f
‖

L

r

(

R

n

)

≤

p

δ

‖

|

x

|

a

log
⁡

|

x

|

∇
f
‖

L

p

(

R

n

)

δ

‖

|

x

|

b

f
‖

L

q

(

R

n

)

1
−
δ

.

\begin{equation*} \left \||x|^{c}f\right \|_{L^{r}(\mathbb {R}^{n})} \leq p^{\delta } \left \||x|^{a}\log |x|\nabla f\right \|^{\delta }_{L^{p}(\mathbb {R}^{n})} \left \||x|^{b}f\right \|^{1-\delta }_{L^{q}(\mathbb {R}^{n})}. \end{equation*}

Moreover, we also obtain anisotropic versions of these inequalities which can be conveniently formulated in the language of Folland and Stein’s homogeneous groups. Consequently, we obtain remainder estimates for

L

p

L^{p}

-weighted Hardy inequalities on homogeneous groups, which are also new in the Euclidean setting of

R

n

\mathbb {R}^{n}

. The critical Hardy inequalities of logarithmic type and uncertainty type principles on homogeneous groups are obtained. Moreover, we investigate another improved version of

L

p

L^{p}

-weighted Hardy inequalities involving a distance and stability estimate. The relation between the critical and the subcritical Hardy inequalities on homogeneous groups is also investigated. We also establish sharp Hardy type inequalities in

L

p

L^{p}

,

1
>
p
>
∞

1>p>\infty

, with superweights, i.e., with the weights of the form

(
a
+
b

|

x

|

α

)

β
p

|

x

|

m

\frac {(a+b|x|^{\alpha })^{\frac {\beta }{p}}}{|x|^{m}}

allowing for different choices of

α
\alpha

and

β
\beta

. There are two reasons why we call the appearing weights the superweights: the arbitrariness of the choice of any homogeneous quasi-norm and a wide range of parameters.
Global Existence for a System of Quasi-Linear Wave Equations in 3D Satisfying the Weak Null Condition
Authors: Hidano Kunio , Yokoyama Kazuyoshi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We show global existence of small solutions to the Cauchy problem for a system of quasi-linear wave equations in three space dimensions. The feature of the system lies in that it satisfies the weak null condition, though we permit the presence of some quadratic nonlinear terms which do not satisfy the null condition. Due to the presence of such quadratic terms, the standard argument no longer works for the proof of global existence. To get over this difficulty, we extend the ghost weight method of Alinhac so that it works for the system under consideration. The original theorem of Alinhac for the scalar unknowns is also refined.
OUTCOME OF ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES ON OCULAR FINDINGS IN TAKAYASU ARTERITIS
Authors: Dogra Mohit , Kumar Ashok , Bajgai Priya , Gupta Vishali , Bansal Reema , Dogra Mangat R. , Vijayvergiya Rajesh , Singh Ramandeep 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcome of endovascular procedures on ocular findings in patients with Takayasu arteritis.

Methods:
Retrospective study of patients who underwent percutaneous endovascular stenting of aortic arch arteries for Takayasu arteritis (TA) and who had documented retinopathy findings before and after the procedure. Change in visual acuity, regression of retinopathy, and development of complications after endovascular procedure were studied over a follow-up of 6 months.

Results:
Ten eyes of five patients were included. Eyes which had Stage II or less of retinopathy before the endovascular procedure had favorable outcome; however, those with advanced stage of retinopathy at presentation had poor outcomes. Patients who underwent revascularization of both-sided arteries within 1 month had better anatomical and functional outcomes as compared with those who underwent sequential endovascular procedures on their arteries after a gap of 3 months or more.

Conclusion:
Percutaneous endovascular stenting of aortic arch arteries, affected in TA, can lead to reversal of retinopathy changes and restoration of vision if done before neovascular complications set in.
RETINAL MICROVASCULATURE ALTERATION IN PARACENTRAL ACUTE MIDDLE MACULOPATHY AND ACUTE MACULAR NEURORETINOPATHY: A QUANTITATIVE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Kulikov Alexei N. , Maltsev Dmitrii S. , Leongardt Tatiana A. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
To present a series of idiopathic paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) cases and to compare the microvascular retinal status of PAMM/AMN eyes with those of healthy individuals.

Methods:
Six eyes with PAMM and two eyes with AMN in a total of six patients were included in this study. Multimodal retinal imaging, including optical coherence tomography angiography, was performed in all patients. The vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus, as well as the area, circularity, and angle of the superficial foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were measured and compared with the same parameters in age-matched healthy individuals.

Results:
The optical coherence tomography angiography showed a decreased vessel density of both superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus in PAMM/AMN eyes versus control eyes (12.2 ± 0.74 vs. 14.0 ± 1.62 mm−1 [P = 0.01] in superficial capillary plexus and 18.5 ± 1.2 vs. 20.2 ± 1.0 mm−1 [P = 0.02] in deep capillary plexus). There was no statistically significant change in the FAZ area between PAMM/AMN and healthy eyes. However, FAZ circularity in PAMM/AMN eyes was statistically significantly lower compared with healthy eyes (0.64 ± 0.09 and 0.77 ± 0.07, respectively; P = 0.01). The angle of FAZ was statistically significantly higher in PAMM/AMN eyes compared with healthy eyes (27.6 ± 16.2 and 11.2 ± 5.5°, respectively; P = 0.005).

Conclusion:
Paracentral acute middle maculopathy and AMN eyes demonstrated not only an isolated alteration of deep retinal circulation but also general nonspecific changes in retinal microvasculature, including a decrease in the vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus and distortion of the FAZ.
HAND-HELD OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY MONITORING OF CHEMORESISTANT RETINOBLASTOMA
Authors: Malik Kunal , Welch R. Joel , Shields Carol L. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a potentially fatal intraocular malignancy in children, and hand-held optical coherence tomography (HH-OCT) can assist in submillimeter detection and monitoring after treatment of Rb. Retinoblastoma located in the macula, or those with chemoresistance, can be among the most difficult to manage. We describe HH-OCT features in a case of chemoresistant macular Rb that eventually responded to plaque radiotherapy after failing intravenous chemotherapy and intraarterial chemotherapy.

Methods:
Observational case report.

Results:
A 15-month-old girl with leukocoria was found to have Group D Rb in the right eye of 6-mm thickness and macular Group B Rb in the left eye of 4-mm thickness. She was treated with 6-monthly cycles of systemic intravenous chemotherapy and focal consolidation therapies to both eyes, with tumor regression in both eyes. However, macular tumor in the left eye demonstrated subsequent recurrence, from regressed thickness of 792 μm on HH-OCT to a dome-shaped hyperreflective retinal mass of >2000 μm thickness. Three cycles of intraarterial chemotherapy were sufficient for tumor regression down to 977 μm thickness on HH-OCT. Six months later, macular tumor in the left eye recurred again to >2000 μm thickness and necessitated plaque radiotherapy using apex dose of 35 Gy over 95.25 hours. Hand-held OCT confirmed rapid tumor regression to 722 μm after plaque treatment and regression remained stable at 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
Hand-held OCT was critical in assessment of Rb after failed intravenous chemotherapy and intraarterial chemotherapy and later documenting regression after plaque radiotherapy. Hand-held OCT is vital in providing cross-sectional imaging and measurements of small macular and paramacular Rbs.
Relative Impact of Different Strategies for Allocating Federal Funds for Syphilis Prevention
Authors: Chesson Harrell W. , Owusu-Edusei Kwame 
Published: February 2018

Background
Improvements in resource allocation can increase the benefits of federally funded sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention activities. The purpose of this study was to illustrate how different strategies for allocating federal funds to subnational districts for syphilis prevention might affect the incidence of syphilis at the national level.

Methods
We modeled syphilis rates by district and year using an equation based on a previous analysis of state-level syphilis elimination funding and syphilis case rates from 1998 to 2005 in the United States. We used the model to illustrate the potential impact of 3 different strategies for allocating supplemental federal funds to subnational districts to support syphilis prevention activities a hypothetical country with 18 subnational districts. The 3 strategies were based on each district's (1) population size, (2) syphilis incidence rate, or (3) number of syphilis cases. The hypothetical country was similar to the United States in overall population and syphilis burden.

Results
Without the supplemental federal funds, there would be an estimated 48,600 incident infections annually in the hypothetical country. With the supplemental federal funds, the annual number of infections would be reduced to 27,800 with a population-based allocation of funding to each district, 26,700 with a rate-based allocation, and 24,400 with a case-based allocation of funding.

Conclusions
Allocating federal STD prevention funds to districts based on burden of disease can be an efficient strategy, although this efficiency may be reduced or eliminated when high-burden districts have less ability to provide adequate STD prevention services than lower-burden districts.
Multistate Syphilis Outbreak Among American Indians, 2013 to 2015
Authors: Bowen Virginia B. , Peterman Thomas A. , Calles Dinorah L. , Thompson Antoine R. , Kirkcaldy Robert D. , Taylor Melanie M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article summarizes a multistate outbreak of heterosexual syphilis, including 134 cases of syphilis in adults and adolescents and at least 2 cases of congenital syphilis, which occurred on an American Indian reservation in the United States during 2013–2015. In addition to providing salient details about the outbreak, the article seeks to document the case-finding and treatment activities undertaken, their relative success or failure, and the lessons learned from a coordinated, multiagency response. Of 134 adult cases of syphilis, 40% were identified by enhanced, interagency contact tracing and partner services, 26% through symptomatic testing, and 16% through screening of asymptomatic individuals as the result of an electronic medical record screening prompt. A smaller proportion of cases were identified by community screening events in high-morbidity communities; high-risk venue-based screening events; other screening, including screening upon request; and prenatal screening at first trimester, third trimester, and day of delivery. Future heterosexual syphilis outbreak responders should act quickly to coordinate a package of high-yield case-finding and treatment activities—potentially including activities that seek to do the following: (1) increase prenatal screening, (2) improve community awareness and symptomatic test seeking, (3) educate providers and improve general screening for syphilis, (4) implement electronic medical record reminders for providers, (5) screen high-morbidity communities and at high-risk venues, and (6) form novel partnerships to accomplish partner services work when the context does not allow for traditional, disease intervention specialist–only partner services.
Psychometric Properties of Korean Version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (K-SVEST)
Authors: Kim Eun-Mi , Kim Sun-Aee , Lee Ju-Ry , Burlison Jonathan D. , Oh Eui Geum 
Published: February 2018

Objectives
“Second victims” are defined as healthcare professionals whose wellness is influenced by adverse clinical events. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) was used to measure the second-victim experience and quality of support resources. Although the reliability and validity of the original SVEST have been validated, those for the Korean tool have not been validated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the SVEST.

Methods
The study included 305 clinical nurses as participants. The SVEST was translated into Korean via back translation. Content validity was assessed by seven experts, and test-retest reliability was evaluated by 30 clinicians. Internal consistency and construct validity were assessed via confirmatory factor analysis. The analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0 and STATA 13.0 software.

Results
The content validity index value demonstrated validity; item- and scale-level content validity index values were both 0.95. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability were satisfactory: the intraclass consistent coefficient was 0.71, and Cronbach α values ranged from 0.59 to 0.87. The CFA showed a significantly good fit for an eight-factor structure (χ2 = 578.21, df = 303, comparative fit index = 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.90, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05).

Conclusions
The K-SVEST demonstrated good psychometric properties and adequate validity and reliability. The results showed that the Korean version of SVEST demonstrated the extent of second victimhood and support resources in Korean healthcare workers and could aid in the development of support programs and evaluation of their effectiveness.
A novel rat model of extremity trauma for prehospital pain management research
Authors: Xiang Lusha , Klemcke Harold G. , Wienandt Nathan A. , Ryan Kathy L. , Hinojosa-Laborde Carmen 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND
Pain management is important in prehospital care of patients with extremity trauma (ET). The goal of this study was to establish a rat model of ET for prehospital pain research and validate it using pain behaviors and analgesics.

METHODS
Rats were anesthetized using isoflurane, and ET was induced in one hindlimb via clamping retrofemoral tissues for 30 seconds, followed by closed fibula fracture. Rats regained consciousness after ET. Pain responses in the injured hindlimb to thermal hyperalgesia (paw withdrawal latency [PWL]), mechanical allodynia (paw withdrawal pressure [PWP]), and weight bearing (WB) were determined before and 90 minutes after ET. Morphine (2 mg/kg), fentanyl (10 μg/kg), sufentanil (1 μg/kg), ketamine (5 mg/kg), or vehicle (saline) were then administered via intravenous (i.v.) injection, followed by PWL, PWP, and WB assessments at 10 minutes, 40 minutes, 80 minutes, and 120 minutes after analgesia.

RESULTS
After ET, PWL, PWP, and WB were significantly decreased by 61 ± 4%, 64 ± 8%, and 65 ± 4%, respectively, compared with pre-ET values. These pain behaviors were maintained for 3 hours to 4 hours. Compared with the saline group, opioid analgesics significantly increased PWL for at least 80 minutes, with sufentanil exhibiting the highest analgesic effect. An increase in PWL was only observed at 10 minutes after ketamine. The PWP was transiently increased with opioid analgesics for 10 minutes to 40 minutes, but was not changed with ketamine. Weight bearing was improved with opioid analgesics for at least 2 hours, but only for up to 80 minutes with ketamine.

CONCLUSION
Our ET model includes long bone fracture and soft tissue injury, but no fixation surgery, mimicking prehospital ET. Our model produces acute, steady, and reproducible trauma-related pain behaviors, and is clinically relevant regarding the pain behaviors and established responses to common analgesics. This model of acute pain due to ET is ideal for prehospital pain management research.