bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The paradox of cultural and media convergence. Segmenting the European tourist market by information sources and motivations
Authors: Almeida‐Santana Arminda , Moreno‐Gil Sergio , Boza‐Chirino Jose 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe globalization of markets has led destination marketing organizations to question whether their marketing strategies should appeal to cultural convergence or divergence, both in the media to be used (information sources) and in the content to be communicated (related to travel motivations). The purpose of this study is to investigate the “cultural convergence” and “media convergence” using data from a computer‐assisted web interviewing survey on 17 European countries. The methodology uses multiple correspondence analysis, factor analysis, and cluster analysis to segment the market. The results identify both phenomenon (convergence and divergence) by culture (blocks of countries), media (set of information sources), and content (motivations). The 17 European countries were segmented by information sources into Ensurers, Ensurers with digital exploration, and Low‐social media users and by motivations into Adventures and Pleasure, Socializing, and Rest with Knowledge. An overall understanding of these segments and the paradoxical cultural and media convergence will serve as a tool for destination marketing organizations in the development of their segmenting and communication strategies, as they will be able to know what social media to use to best reach each culture and what content to communicate based on the European consumers' individual motivations.
Activity of an endangered bat increases immediately following prescribed fire
Authors: Braun de Torrez Elizabeth C. , Ober Holly K. , McCleery Robert A. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTSpatiotemporal responses of bats to fire are not well understood. Fire can indirectly influence bat activity through changes to understory vegetation, insect prey availability, and roost tree abundance. High‐flying bats may be less influenced by fire‐induced changes to the understory because they forage above the forest canopy. Fire‐dependent forests are prevalent across the range of the endemic Florida bonneted bat (Eumops floridanus), a large, high‐flying, and critically endangered species, yet effects of fire management on this species are completely unknown. To investigate short‐term responses of these bats to fire, we conducted pre‐post‐treatment‐control experiments in 4 prescribed burns during 2 seasons (dry, wet). For 12 nights pre‐burn and 24 nights post‐burn, we surveyed bat activity acoustically at 3 sites within each burn (treatment) and 3 adjacent sites (control). Using mixed‐effects models to test the effect of treatment on bat activity, we found that bat activity significantly increased post‐burn in treatment sites relative to control sites, with more pronounced effects during dry season burns. We also detected significantly more feeding buzzes (foraging activity) in treatment sites than control sites, and a negative trend over time in the burn effect size post‐burn. We suggest that bats are attracted to increased availability of insect prey immediately following burns, particularly during the dry season when prey may be limited. Our results suggest that burns have short‐term positive effects on Florida bonneted bats and that restoring fire to fire‐dependent forests may improve foraging habitat for this species. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
The effect of sample drying temperature on marine particulate organic carbon composition
Authors: Rosengard Sarah Z. , Lam Phoebe J. , McNichol Ann P. , Johnson Carl G. , Galy Valier V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCompositional changes in marine particulate organic carbon (POC) throughout the water column trace important processes that underlie the biological pump's efficiency. While labor‐intensive, particle sampling efforts offer potential to expand the empirical POC archive at different stages in the water column, provided that organic composition is sufficiently preserved between sampling and analysis. The standard procedure for preserving organic matter composition in marine samples is to immediately store particles at −80°C to −20°C until they can be freeze‐dried for analysis. This report investigates the effect of warmer drying and storage temperatures on POC composition, which applies to the majority of POC samples collected in the field without intention for organic analysis. Particle samples collected off Woods Hole, Massachusetts were immediately dried at 56°C, at room temperature, or stored in a freezer until freeze‐drying. Results show that oven‐ and air‐drying did not shift the bulk composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope composition) of POC in the samples relative to freeze‐drying. Similarly, warmer drying temperatures did not affect POC thermal stability, as inferred by ramped pyrolysis/oxidation, a growing technique that uses a continuous temperature ramp to differentiate components of organic carbon by their decomposition temperature. Oven‐ and air‐drying did depress lipid abundances relative to freeze‐drying, the extent of which depended on compound size and structure. The data suggest that field samples dried at room temperatures and 56°C are appropriate for assessing bulk POC composition and thermal stability, but physical mechanisms such as molecular volatilization bias their lipid composition.
Glass Ceramic Phosphors: Towards Long‐Lifetime High‐Power White Light‐Emitting‐Diode Applications–A Review
Authors: Lin Hang , Hu Tao , Cheng Yao , Chen Mingxiang , Wang Yuansheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWith the technological advancements of high‐quality lightings and high‐end displays, white light‐emitting‐diodes (w‐LEDs) are quickly developing towards high energy density excitation, high output power and high device stability, which requires outstanding thermal properties of the phosphor color converters. In this connection, all‐inorganic luminescent glass ceramic (GC), exhibiting excellent physical/chemical stability to address the serious aging and yellowing issues of conventional phosphor/silicone composite, receives great attention recently and is regarded as a new generation color converter with longevity. Herein, a thorough survey of the research progress of this kind of material is made, with focus put on the design principle, microstructure‐property relationship, packaging technology and the burgeoning application direction. Some challenging issues are discussed and potential directions are suggested for further developing the phosphor‐glass composite fulfilling various requirements in practical application. This Review can promote rapid progress of long‐lifetime high‐power w‐LEDs.
Proteasome‐mediated proteostasis: Novel medicinal and pharmacological strategies for diseases
Authors: Mishra Ribhav , Upadhyay Arun , Prajapati Vijay Kumar , Mishra Amit 
Published: May 2018

AbstractProteins actively participate in a wide range of cellular physiological functions. But aggregation of proteins results in cytotoxicity, and unwanted aggregation of misfolded proteins often causes many diseases. During abnormal protein aggregation events, cells try to cope against such deleterious consequences because of the remarkable functional attempts of two distinct proteolytic mechanisms. These tightly regulative and signaling mechanisms are autophagy pathway and ubiquitin proteasome system. Proteasome complex system holds the elimination capacity of intracellular aberrant protein aggregation. Despite the considerable progress that has been achieved, which elucidates wide function and diverse roles of proteasome system, still several crucial problems remain unanswered. For example, how the complex proteasomes assembly and their interactive pathways determine the precise sense of several proteotoxic insults, which can severely affect the cell survival and homeostasis? The specific degradation of various aberrant proteins that can disturb cellular homeostasis is achieved by proper proteasome functionality, which is yet another unclear and critical challenge. Therefore, a better understanding of the various cellular signaling mechanisms composing the proteasome machinery carries broad therapeutic implications linked with proteopathies. This article signifies the urgent need, which is now crucial for us to improve our understanding of the proteasome architecture, structure, and functions that span multiple level strategies from the molecular level to the cellular level. This systematic in‐depth information of proteasome may be helpful in the near future to design a new molecular framework based on intrinsic and extrinsic cellular mechanisms that drive the assembly of proteasome to induce cellular survival against proteostasis imbalance and disease conditions.
Diabetes is not associated with increased rates of free flap failure: Analysis of outcomes in 6030 patients from the ACS‐NSQIP database
Authors: Kantar Rami S. , Rifkin William J. , David Joshua A. , Cammarata Michael J. , Diaz‐Siso J. Rodrigo , Levine Jamie P. , Golas Alyssa R. , Ceradini Daniel J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes affects a significant proportion of the population in the United States. Microsurgical procedures are common in this patient population, and despite many conflicting reports in the literature, there are no large studies evaluating the direct association between diabetes and outcomes, specifically failure, following free flap reconstruction. In this study, we sought to determine the impact of diabetes on postoperative outcomes following free flap reconstruction using a national multi‐institutional database.MethodsWe reviewed the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) database to identify patients undergoing free flap reconstruction from 2010 to 2015. Preoperative variables and outcomes were compared between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to control for confounders.ResultsWe identified 6030 eligible patients. No significant difference in flap failure rates was observed. However, diabetic patients presented significantly higher rates of wound complications, including deep incisional surgical site infection (SSI) (OR = 1.35; P = .01) and wound dehiscence (OR = 1.17; P = .03). Diabetic patients also presented a significantly longer hospital length of stay (LOS) (β = .62; P < .001).ConclusionsOur study evaluated the largest national cohort of free flap procedures. These results suggest that diabetes is not associated with increased rates of flap failure. However, diabetic patients are at significantly higher risk of postoperative deep incisional SSI, wound dehiscence, and longer LOS. Our findings provide the most concrete evidence to date in support of free flap reconstruction in diabetic patients, but highlight the need for heightened clinical vigilance and wound care for optimal outcomes.
“You Don't Know That”: Refusals of Community Policing and Criminalization in California
Authors: Raschig Megan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhen a community policing program named Why'd You Stop Me (WYSM) was implemented in Salinas, California, in 2016, a result of a series of police homicides of local Latino men 2 years prior, residents of this persistently criminalized Mexican‐American community insistently refused it. Rather than accepting WYSM's securitized logic and affirming their own potential criminality, in their refusals and a series of related public actions, residents rendered legible the program's role in the lethal process of criminalization. While community policing strategies are often upheld as viable and empathic solutions for repairing fraught relations between officers and distrustful communities, they form a critical part of counterinsurgency tactics and occupy a key surveillance role in America's militarized and racialized policing project. America's racial empathy gap, as black feminist epistemologists have argued, is better conceived as an epistemology gap, an ignorance and unwillingness to know or accept as legitimate the experiences of communities of color both underserved and under siege by the state. This paper thus considers Salinans’ refusals as epistemological interventions, activist attempts to make palpable the production of criminalization—including in its occasional masquerading as empathy—in the efforts of decriminalizing residents and building a healthy, livable community.
Kreislaufwirtschaft: Industrieabfall als Rohstoff
Authors: Köckinger Manuel , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFluoroform, ein Treibhausgas, das bei der Polytetrafluorethylenproduktion anfällt, ist kostspielig zu entsorgen. Weitaus besser wäre, es für Arzneistoffe oder Industriechemikalien zu nutzen. Dies ist wegen seiner geringen Reaktivität schwierig. Kontinuierliche Prozessführung unterstützt solche Prozesse.
Sperrige Substituenten – Zwischen Attraktion und Repulsion
Authors: König Jonas , Breugst Martin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractViele Chemiker vermuten bei sperrigen Substituenten ausschließlich sterische Abstoßung. Häufig wird diese jedoch durch die anziehende London‐Dispersion kompensiert. Diese oft wenig beachtete Wechselwirkung beeinflusst zudem Struktur und Reaktivität.
Regionaltreffen der FCI‐Stipendiaten in Frankfurt
Authors: Hanft Anna , Lichtenberg Crispin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMitte Dezember 2017 trafen sich an der Universität Frankfurt Stipendiaten des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI) aus Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Gießen, Göttingen und Würzburg. Organisiert hatte das Treffen Matthias Wagner, Professor für anorganische und analytische Chemie der Universität Frankfurt, der die Tagung auch eröffnete. In den Fachvorträgen der Stipendiaten ging es von Analysemethoden über Synthesechemie, Katalyse, Biochemie, nachhaltige Chemie und Energiespeicher bis hin zu großtechnischen Verfahren.
Long‐term urodynamic follow‐up after external sphincterotomy in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Takahashi Ryosuke , Kimoto Yasusuke , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: May 2018

AimsExternal sphincterotomy (ES) is a therapeutic option for male spinal cord injury patients with detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. However, some patients need to change their voiding management after ES. One of the potential causes of failure is reportedly detrusor dysfunction, but long‐term urodynamic follow‐up data after ES is limited. In the present study, we reviewed the urodynamic data before and after ES and analyzed it for possible causes of ES failure.MethodsA total of 37 patients who were followed up at our center for at least 5 years after ES were included. Mean follow‐up period was 16.5 years. Urodynamic assessment was routinely performed every 2 or 3 years after ES, and the data were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsOf the 37 patients, 27 are still managed with reflex voiding to a condom catheter (success group), while 10 needed to change their bladder management. Mean maximum bladder pressure (MBP) was preserved at a low level after ES. However, after ES, there was a gradual increase over time in both the mean bladder volume at first neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and the percentage of patients without NDO. The mean preoperative MBP in the success group was significantly higher than that in the failure group.ConclusionsMBP is maintained at a low level over 20 years after ES. However, NDO gradually decreases over time, which might be one of the reasons for failure after ES. In addition, low preoperative MBP would be a poor prognostic factor for ES.
Will cesarean section increase the risk of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome?
Authors: Chang Kun‐Min , Lee Ming‐Huei , Lin Hsuan‐Hung , Wu Shang‐Liang , Wu Huei‐Ching 
Published: May 2018

AimsA high number of patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) have a history of pelvic surgeries, and cesarean section is one of the most common pelvic surgeries in women. This study aimed to investigate if cesarean section increases the risk of IC/PBS.MethodsWomen who exclusively gave birth through cesarean section or vaginal delivery were identified from a nationwide database between 2002 and 2013. All were followed up during the study period to detect the event of IC/PBS. The IC/PBS hazard ratio (HR) in the cesarean cohort was compared with the vaginal delivery cohort with and without matching for confounding factors.ResultsThe unmatched group included 22 158 cesarean deliveries and 40 214 vaginal deliveries. The IC/PBS HR in the cesarean cohort compared with that in the vaginal delivery cohort was 1.370 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.903‐2.079; P = 0.139). In the matched group, 8368 women were matched in each cesarean and vaginal delivery cohort using propensity scores for age and comorbidities. The IC/PBS HR was 0.725 (95%CI, 0.358‐1.471; P = 0.373). Both HRs in these two groups were not significantly different. The incidence density of IC/PBS in delivered women, non‐delivery women, and the general female population were not significantly different either (0.310, 0.255, and 0.292 per 1000 person‐years, respectively; P = 0.549).ConclusionsThe risk of IC/PBS was not different between cesarean and vaginal delivery after controlling the confounding factors in this cohort study. Cesarean section has no causal effect on IC/BPS. Furthermore, delivery was not a risk factor for IC/PBS.
Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat: A Favorable or Nonfunctional Fat Depot for Glucose Metabolism in Chinese Adults?
Authors: Hou Xuhong , Chen Peizhu , Hu Gang , Wei Li , Jiao Lei , Wang Hongmei , Liang Yebei , Bao Yuqian , Jia Weiping 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the associations of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue with blood glucose and beta‐cell function.MethodsIn this study, 11,223 participants without known diabetes were selected for this cross‐sectional analysis. Visceral and subcutaneous fat area (VFA and SFA) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, and beta‐cell function was evaluated.ResultsMen had significantly larger VFA but smaller SFA than women. After controlling for age, linear regression showed that SFA was adversely associated with 0‐minute, 30‐minute, and 2‐hour plasma glucose (PG) and early‐, first‐ and second‐phase disposition indices (DIs). After further adjustment for BMI and VFA, some associations of SFA with PG indices and DIs disappeared, while the other associations became significantly weaker in men (2‐hour PG: 0.05 and DI2nd: −0.05) or were reversed in women (0‐minute, 30‐minute, and 2‐hour PG: from −0.07 to −0.04; DI1st: 0.04, P < 0.05). After adjustment for age, BMI, and SFA, VFA was significantly and adversely associated with PG indices and DIs, with the largest standardized regression coefficients with 2‐hour PG.ConclusionsThe associations of SFA with blood glucose and beta‐cell function were clinically insignificant in Chinese adults. VFA had the strongest association with 2‐hour PG.
Fabrication‐controlled morphology of poly(butylene succinate) nano‐microcellular foams by supercritical CO2
Authors: Zhang Shuidong , Xu Yue , Wang Peng , Peng Xiangfang , Zeng Jianbing 
Published: May 2018

Poly(butylene succinate) urethane ionomer (PBSUIs) foams with nano‐microcellular morphology were fabricated using supercritical CO2 (sc‐CO2) at different parameters. Effect of urethane ionic group (UIG) content (ranged from 1% to 5%) on the rheology and crystallization of PBSUIs were evaluated by intrinsic, dynamic rheological, X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The results show that the complex viscosity of PBSUIs vastly improved, while their intrinsic viscosity and crystallinity decreased. They also evidenced that CO2 promoted the formation of crystallites in the amorphous and increased the Xc of PBSU and PBSUIs foams. Scanning electron microscope was employed to explore the influences of UIG content and foaming parameters on the morphologies of PBSUIs microcellular foams, and it revealed that UIG content was the dominated factor. The cell size and cell densities of PBSUIs microcellular foams were smaller than 5.0 micrometers and higher than 1.5 × 1010 cells/cm3, respectively, even foamed at diverse variations of foam temperature and pressure. Interestingly, PBSUIs with 3% and 5% UIG content achieved microcellular foams in nano‐cells, high‐stretched elliptical shape. The mechanism was ascribed that these PBSUIs with high melt viscosities could retard the CO2 bubbles to merge during the foam process and induce the cells to stretch and orient in depressururization direction. This study proposed a novel method for fabricating PBS nano‐microcellular foams.
Identification of relaxation processes in pure polyethylene oxide (PEO) films by the dielectric permittivity and electric modulus formalisms
Authors: Telfah Ahmad , Abdul‐Gader Jafar Mousa M. , Jum'h Inshad , Ahmad Mais Jamil A. , Lambert Jörg , Hergenröder Roland 
Published: May 2018

The ac‐impedance of bulk‐like films of pure polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer was measured as a function of frequency f in the range 0.1 to 107 Hz at various constant temperatures T (155 − 330 K). The as‐measured data were analyzed by electric permittivity and modulus formalisms to unveil which dielectric and conductive relaxation processes were responsible for their relaxation behavior below/above glass transition temperature Tg of pure PEO polymer. At T > Tg, none of the α‐, β‐, or γ‐relaxations could be inferred for studied pure PEO films from frequency variation of measured imaginary part ε′′(f, T) of complex dielectric permittivity
, as low‐frequency losses masked real dielectric contribution to the measured ε′′(f, T) at low frequencies and high temperatures. However, at T < Tg, a broad, relaxation process has been observed in the high‐frequency part of their isothermal ε′′(f, T) − f spectra, which can be related to the β‐ or γ‐dielectric relaxation process. Nonlinear regressions of the measured ε′′(f, T) − f data for T < Tg yielded moral fits to a simple addition of a Havriliak‐Negami function, and a Bergman‐loss Kohlrausch‐Williams‐Watts‐type function, with the relaxation time τmax(T) obtained from Havriliak‐Negami‐fitting parameters, was found to follow a thermally activated Arrhenius‐like relaxation behavior. Conversely, representation of the imaginary part M′′(f, T > Tg) − f spectra of complex electric modulus
was found to depict 2 overlapped relaxation processes, which were detached well by a nonlinear regression of a simple superposition of 2 different M′′(f) expressions having the form of the universal Bergman loss function, where it was found that the relaxation time is also thermally activated.