bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated radio‐frequency/wireless coil design for simultaneous MR image acquisition and wireless communication
Authors: Darnell Dean , Cuthbertson Jonathan , Robb Fraser , Song Allen W. , Truong Trong‐Kha 
Published: September 2018

PurposeAn innovative radio‐frequency (RF) coil design that allows RF currents both at the Larmor frequency and in a wireless communication band to flow on the same coil is proposed to enable simultaneous MRI signal reception and wireless data transfer, thereby minimizing the number of wired connections in the scanner without requiring any modifications or additional hardware within the scanner bore.MethodsAs a first application, the proposed integrated RF/wireless coil design was further combined with an integrated RF/shim coil design to perform not only MR image acquisition and wireless data transfer, but also localized B0 shimming with a single coil. Proof‐of‐concept phantom experiments were conducted with such a coil to demonstrate its ability to simultaneously perform these three functions, while maintaining the RF performance, wireless data integrity, and B0 shimming performance.ResultsPerforming wirelessly controlled shimming of localized B0 inhomogeneities with the coil substantially reduced the B0 root‐mean‐square error (>70%) and geometric distortions in echo‐planar images without degrading the image quality, signal‐to‐noise ratio (<1.7%), or wireless data throughput (maximum variance = 0.04 Mbps) of the coil.ConclusionsThe RF/wireless coil design can provide a solution for wireless data transfer that can be easily integrated into existing MRI scanners for a variety of applications.
Gamma‐aminobutyric acid transaminase genetic polymorphism is a candidate locus for responsiveness to opioid analgesics in patients with cancer pain: An exploratory study
Authors: Yokoshima Yaeko , Sumitani Masahiko , Nishizawa Daisuke , Nagashima Makoto , Ikeda Kazutaka , Kato Ryoji , Hozumi Jun , Abe Hiroaki , Azuma Kenji , Tsuchida Rikuhei , Yamada Yoshitsugu ,   Japanese TR‐Cancer Pain Research Group
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimCancer pain impairs not only physical functions but also social functions and roles. Consequently, the overall health‐related quality of life of patients with cancer pain deteriorates. Opioid analgesics are recommended for treating moderate to strong cancer pain. Advances in human genome research have fueled a growing interest to understand individual differences in responsiveness to opioid analgesics. This study aimed to explore and identify novel loci for genes predisposing an individual to opioid analgesic responsiveness.MethodsA total of 71 cancer patients rated their pain on an 11‐point numerical rating scale twice before and after increasing opioid analgesics. A genomewide association study focusing on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was conducted to associate pain decrease with increased dosage of opioid analgesics based on weight (ie, responsiveness to opioid analgesics). A genomewide significance (P < 5E‐8) was set for multiplicity of analyses to control for false positives.ResultsTwo SNPs passed the genomewide threshold for significance. One exonic SNP (rs1641025) was located in the ABAT [4‐aminobutyrate aminotransaminase (GABA transaminase)] gene on chromosome 16. The other SNP (rs12494691) was located on chromosome 3, which was not associated with any known genes. These SNPs were not associated with opioid‐related adverse effects.ConclusionsOur results preliminarily suggest that both SNPs might be potential candidate loci for responsiveness to opioid analgesics, and GABA transaminase might be a possible target for developing adjuvant pharmacotherapy with opioid analgesics in adjuvant pharmacotherapy. Our results should be validated in a large‐scale study with a larger sample size.
Plant‐Based Antioxidant Nanoparticles without Biological Toxicity
Authors: Shikinaka Kazuhiro , Nakamura Masaya , Navarro Ronald R. , Otsuka Yuichiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHere, we present a function to derive non‐deteriorated nanoparticulated lignin as an antioxidant without biological toxicity that is supplied through the simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and comminution of plants. The lignin exhibits an oxygen radical absorption capacity, even in its macromolecular nature. The non‐deteriorated lignin nanoparticles never inhibit the biological activity of living things, despite their antioxidant nature. The oxygen radical absorption capacity of lignin is dependent on its botanical origin and monomeric structure. A stable organic radical in lignin is responsible for the antioxidant nature of non‐deteriorated lignin. The organic radical of non‐deteriorated lignin, which yields a distinct signal on electron spin resonance spectra, serves as a spin trap reagent that detects the emergence of short lifespan radicals as the change of radical concentration of the lignin. The presented discovery of non‐deteriorated lignin will induce not only the industrial utilization of plant biomass polymers in pharmaceuticals and reagents, but also advance our scientific understanding of the antioxidant function of native lignin.
Sexuality and cancer: The experience of adolescents and young adults
Authors: Soanes Louise , White Isabel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere are many components affecting the experience of sexuality for adolescents and young adults living with and beyond cancer. For patients, the interruption to normal socialization creates gaps in information and experience that potentially hinder development. In clinical practice, conversations relating to sexual consequences of illness or treatment are rare, as are age‐appropriate assessment and intervention. In service design, the collaborative approach of oncofertility has yet to be replicated for sexuality. This paper considers how these obstacles can be overcome through local service development to address unmet need and promote sexual well‐being for this group of patients.
Quantitative NMR analysis of L‐Dopa in seeds from two varieties of Mucuna pruriens
Authors: Fernandez‐Pastor Ignacio , Luque‐Muñoz Antonio , Rivas Francisco , Medina‐O’Donnell Marta , Martinez Antonio , Gonzalez‐Maldonado Rafael , Haidour Ali , Parra Andres 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionL‐Dopa, a key neurotransmitter used to treat neural disorders such as Parkinson's disease, is found in the seeds of the genus Mucuna at a sufficient concentration for possible commercial use.ObjectiveTo develop a simple and reliable method to extract L‐Dopa from M. pruriens seeds in an aqueous medium and then quantitate this compound using a 1H qNMR method (internal standard); and also to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of this method with an NMR calibration curve.MethodologyThe extraction method of L‐Dopa from M. pruriens was optimized. The quantitation with single point quantitative NMR (qNMR) and NMR calibration curve was based on the resonance properties of the main functional groups of the L‐Dopa molecule, in particular the signals of the three aromatic protons, which were compared with the signal of an internal standard such as syringic acid. The accuracy (precision and trueness) and reproducibility of both NMR techniques were evaluated.ResultsThe methods of single point qNMR and NMR calibration curve, applied to the seeds of two M. pruriens varieties, gave very similar L‐Dopa contents: 3.0–3.2% and 3.0–3.1%, respectively.ConclusionThe statistical analysis confirmed the accuracy and reproducibility of this single point qNMR method (internal standard) for determining L‐Dopa, as well as other commercial preparations of this species, without performing an NMR calibration curve.
The New Face of the Lipid Droplet: Lipid Droplet Proteins
Authors: Zhang Congyan , Liu Pingsheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe lipid droplet (LD) is an organelle with vital functions found in nearly all organisms. LD proteomic research has provided fundamentally important insights into this organelle's functions. The review provides a summary of LD proteomic studies conducted across diverse organisms and cell and tissue types. The accumulated proteomic data are reviewed for evidence of a protein targeting mechanism for the organelle. The hypotheses for several specific localization mechanisms based on what is known about targeting mechanisms for other organelles and vesicles are provided. Although the nature of the mechanism is not known, the functional data demonstrate that the targeting mechanism and, indeed, the organelle itself, is conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. It is hoped that the review will help inspire further research leading to novel discoveries in the field.
Universal Soluble Polymer Supports with Precisely Controlled Loading Capacity for Sequence‐Defined Oligomer Synthesis
Authors: Oswald Laurence , Al Ouahabi Abdelaziz , Laure Chloé , Amalian Jean‐Arthur , Charles Laurence , Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTSoluble supports, with optimal molecular structures for iterative oligomer synthesis, were prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of styrene with Fmoc‐amino ethyl methacrylate. Size exclusion chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance indicated formation of copolymers with controlled chain lengths, chain ends, dispersity, and comonomer compositions. These polymers were afterward subjected to two subsequent modifications steps: (a) the debromination of their ω‐chain ends via a tributyltin hydride treatment and (b) the removal of the Fmoc‐protecting groups in acidic conditions, thus leading to bromine‐free copolymers with a precise primary amine loading capacity. These universal amine‐containing precursors were then derived into a variety of functional supports. A glycine‐loaded Wang‐type soluble polystyrene support was prepared in two steps and tested for peptide synthesis as well as for the preparation of digital oligo(alkoxyamine amide)s. In both cases, it was possible to obtain uniform sequence‐defined oligomers as evidenced by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. However, each type of oligomer required specific experimental conditions and therefore soluble supports with an adapted loading capacity for optimal synthesis. Furthermore, the amine‐containing universal precursors were also transformed into soluble supports for iterative phosphoramidite chemistry. A support was specifically conceived for the iterative synthesis of abiotic digital oligo(phosphodiester)s and another one was designed for oligonucleotide synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 403–410
Effect of anodizing conditions on the cell morphology of anodic films on AA2024‐T3 alloy
Authors: Torrescano‐Alvarez Jeanette M. , Curioni Michele , Zhou Xiaorong , Skeldon Peter 
Published: September 2018

The effects of applied current density, anodizing time, and electrolyte temperature on the cell and pore morphology of anodic films and the voltage‐time response obtained during galvanostatic anodizing of AA2024‐T3 alloy in sulphuric acid electrolytes have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the film morphology. Sponge‐like porous structure was promoted by anodizing at relatively low current density and high electrolyte temperature. In contrast, linear porous structure was favoured under the converse conditions. Intermediate conditions resulted in films containing either sequential layers of the 2 morphologies or a morphology incorporating features of the 2 types; such conditions were associated with anodizing voltages in the range 25 to 35 V. The reasons for the morphological differences are proposed to be due to interactions between film growth stresses and stresses arising from oxygen evolution on the development of the alumina cells.
Effects of aloe emodin on U87MG glioblastoma cell growth: In vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Arcella Antonietta , Oliva Maria Antonietta , Staffieri Sabrina , Sanchez Massimo , Madonna Michele , Riozzi Barbara , Esposito Vincenzo , Giangaspero Felice , Frati Luigi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma, the most aggressive and malignant form of glioma, appears to be resistant to various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence other approaches have been investigated to target more pathways involved in glioblastoma development and progression. Here we investigate the anticancer effect of Aloe‐Emodin (AE), an anthraquinone compound presents in the leaves of Aloe arborescens, on human glioblastoma cell line U87MG. U87MG were treated with various concentrations of AE (20 and 40 μM) for different times (24, 48, and 72 hr). Cell growth was monitored by daily cell count after treatments. Growth analysis showed that AE significantly decrease proliferation of U87MG in a time and dose dependent manner. FACS analysis demonstrates a block of cell cycle in S and G2/M phase. AE probably induced also apoptosis by releasing of apoptosis‐inducing factor: PARP and Lamin activation leading to nuclear shrinkage. In addition, exposure of U87MG to AE reduced pAKT phosphorylation. AE inhibition of U87MG growth is a result of more mechanism together. Here we report that AE has a specific growth inhibition on U87MG also in in vivo. The growth of U87MG, subcutaneously injected in nude mice with severe combined immunodeficiency, is inhibited without any appreciable toxic effects on the animals after AE treatment. AE might represent a conceptually new lead antitumor adjuvant drug.
Response of northern bobwhites fed single doses of gossypol
Authors: Farthing Amy L. , Mathewson Heather A. , Roberts Jordan M. , Schwertner Thomas W. , Guay Kimberly A. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTCottonseed products have been used as a feed supplement for ruminant livestock and white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Gossypol, a secondary plant metabolite found in cotton (Gossypium spp.), is known to be toxic to a variety of animals, specifically monogastric mammals and birds. However, there are no published data regarding the effects of gossypol in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). Our goal was to determine whether ingestion of gossypol presents a threat to northern bobwhite survival and reproduction. We performed this study at Tarleton State University Northern Bobwhite Research Center (Stephenville, TX, USA) during March and April 2016, using the Environmental Protection Agency's 850.2100 Guideline: Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test. We administered one‐time doses of refined gossypol to northern bobwhites at 20 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 262 mg/kg, 342 mg/kg, 447 mg/kg, 585 mg/kg, 765 mg/kg, and 1,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) and observed them daily throughout a 14‐day period. We measured feed consumption daily and body mass weekly. Birds receiving larger doses (447–1,000 mg/kg BW) consumed less total feed postdosing (55.46 ± 56.46 g, n = 39) and had greater, negative postdosing percent change in mass (−23.02 ± 13.04%, n = 85) compared with control birds and those receiving lower doses (20–342 mg/kg BW). We also examined laying performance and egg quality of birds dosed with 20 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg BW (n = 30 pairs) and the growth rate and percent mortality of second‐generation young produced from these pairs. There was no difference in laying performance, egg quality, the percentage of chicks that hatched, and the growth rate and percent mortality of chicks between the dosing rates. Our results suggest that gossypol can have adverse effects on feed consumption and body mass in northern bobwhites at sufficient doses; however, a one‐time acute dose of gossypol up to 200 mg/kg BW does not pose any negative reproductive effects. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance
Authors: Stern Yaakov , Arenaza‐Urquijo Eider M. , Bartrés‐Faz David , Belleville Sylvie , Cantilon Marc , Chetelat Gael , Ewers Michael , Franzmeier Nicolai , Kempermann Gerd , Kremen William S. , Okonkwo Ozioma , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Soldan Anja , Udeh‐Momoh Chinedu , Valenzuela Michael , Vemuri Prashanthi , Vuoksimaa Eero ,   and the Reserve, Resilience and Protective Factors PIA Empirical Definitions and Conceptual Frameworks Workgroup
Published: September 2018

AbstractSeveral concepts, which in the aggregate get might be used to account for “resilience” against age‐ and disease‐related changes, have been the subject of much research. These include brain reserve, cognitive reserve, and brain maintenance. However, different investigators have use these terms in different ways, and there has never been an attempt to arrive at consensus on the definition of these concepts. Furthermore, there has been confusion regarding the measurement of these constructs and the appropriate ways to apply them to research. Therefore the reserve, resilience, and protective factors professional interest area, established under the auspices of the Alzheimer's Association, established a whitepaper workgroup to develop consensus definitions for cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance. The workgroup also evaluated measures that have been used to implement these concepts in research settings and developed guidelines for research that explores or utilizes these concepts. The workgroup hopes that this whitepaper will form a reference point for researchers in this area and facilitate research by supplying a common language.
Changes in Adrenal Androgens During Puberty Suppression and Gender-Affirming Hormone Treatment in Adolescents With Gender Dysphoria
Authors: Schagen Sebastian E.E. , Lustenhouwer Paul , Cohen-Kettenis Peggy T. , Delemarre-van de Waal Henriette A. , Hannema Sabine E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionGender-affirming hormone treatment is known to affect adrenal androgen levels in adult individuals with gender dysphoria (GD). This may be clinically relevant because the adrenal gland plays a critical role in many different metabolic processes.AimThis study aims to assess the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) treatment and gender-affirming hormone treatment on adrenal androgen levels in adolescents with GD.MethodsIn this prospective study, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) and androstenedione values were measured every 6 months during 2 years of GnRHa treatment only, and 2 years of GnRHa combined with gender-affirming hormone treatment (estradiol or testosterone) in 73 transgirls and 54 transboys. To determine trends in adrenal androgen levels a linear mixed model was used to approximate androgen levels.Main Outcome MeasuresDHEAS and androstenedione levels were the main outcome measures.ResultsDHEAS levels rose in transboys during GnRHa treatment, which may represent the normal increase during adolescence. In transgirls no change in DHEAS levels during GnRHa treatment was found. Gender-affirming hormone treatment did not affect DHEAS levels in either sex. In transboys androstenedione levels decreased during the first year of GnRHa treatment, which may reflect reduced ovarian androstenedione synthesis, and rose during the first year of gender-affirming hormone treatment, possibly due to conversion of administered testosterone. In transgirls androstenedione levels did not change during either GnRHa or gender-affirming hormone treatment.Clinical ImplicationsNo deleterious effects of treatment on adrenal androgen levels were found during approximately 4 years of follow-up.Strengths & LimitationsThis is one of the largest cohort of adolescents with GD, treated using a uniform protocol, with standardized follow-up. The lack of a control group is a limitation.ConclusionThe changes in androstenedione levels during GnRHa and gender-affirming hormone treatment in transboys may not be of adrenal origin. The absence of changes in androstenedione levels in transgirls or DHEAS levels in either sex during gender-affirming hormone treatment suggests that gender-affirming hormone treatment does not significantly affect adrenal androgen production.
Looking at Catonsville
Authors: Berrigan Daniel 
Published: September 2018

We are faced, I think, in spite of all hopes to the contrary, with a very long haul. From a moral point of view, good men are being required to grow the organs and resources needed to survive in the wilderness of the world.I am convinced, in fact, that things are going to worsen unutterably before they grow perceptibly better. So the political import, in the deepest spiritual sense, of a thing like Catonsville, it seems to me, remains very much a matter of continuing debate, a debate which, I suppose and hope, would bo one of love and fraternity rather than one of suspicion or enmity.
Some Comments on Relevance
Authors: Murchland Bernard 
Published: September 2018

Towards the end of his tenure as president of Sarah Lawrence College Harold Taylor attacked “the present system of lectures textbooks survey courses standard requirements of subject matter examinations md grades” for failing “to touch the inner consciousness of the student or to dtil with his motivations his emotions his aims ind his needs.” It was a typical call for relevance in education.What I want to do is examine some of the puzzles and hidden assumptions that attach to the relevance-in-education controversy, We need not raise such misty questions is What is the relevance of relevance? (although this is sometimes done) But it does seem imperative to begin with the basic question: Relevant to what? Taylor's answer to that question would appear clear enough.
Structure and Dynamics of Three‐Dimensional Magnetotail Reconnection
Authors: Walker Raymond J. , Lapenta Giovanni , Liang Haoming , Berchem Jean , El‐Alaoui Mostafa , Goldstein Melvyn L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe have used a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation and embedded particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulation to analyze magnetotail reconnection in and near the electron diffusion region (EDR). Results from the magnetohydrodynamic simulation were used to set the initial and boundary conditions for the large‐scale implicit PIC simulation. We examined proxies for the EDR (the nongyrotropy of the electron distribution function, slippage, and the nonideal terms in Ohm's law and the work done [J·E′] in the electron frame). The reconnection was well organized by the Bx = 0 surface. All of the proxies gave false positive values but together, along with the magnetic field Bz component and calculations of magnetic field lines, we were able to locate the EDR. Three of the proxies (the slippage, the nonideal terms in Ohm's law, and agyrotropy) give consistent results in the EDR. The EDR is structured and time dependent. Multiple EDRs aligned roughly parallel to the X axis extended from X ~ −31RE to X ~ −38RE with structure in the Y direction. There are regions with both J·E′ < 0 and J·E′ > 0. Wave‐like behavior with a scale of ~0.5RE or 2–3di develops in the reconnected plasma sheet. The structure is closely related to strong electron flows in the YZ plane and to the density gradient at the outer edge of the plasma sheet. These results are consistent with expectations for the lower hybrid drift instability coupled with a shear‐type instability such as the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability. Similar results were found in a Harris sheet PIC simulation.