bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Word Structure Change in Language Contact
Authors: Both Csaba Attila 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Languages have been in contact since their existence. The Hungarian and Romanian languages have been so for at least 800 years. The present article aims at analysing the structural changes in the monosyllabic Hungarian loanwords in Romanian. After the theoretical introduction, I discuss the phonological status of the /j/ sound, which is very important in this kind of investigations. After that, I present the syllable structure types of these monosyllabic Hungarian etymons and I present, as well, the changing schemes of their structures in the borrowing. The study concludes that the most affected parts of the syllables are the nucleus and the coda.
Lexicalized Diminutives in the Transylvanian Hungarian Historical Dictionary
Authors: Zsemlyei Borbála 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The analysis of nouns which take a -ka morpheme but their meaning has nothing to do with the idea of smallness, not even from a historical perspective, can be problematic, and that is why one is faced with the possibility that this formant (due to the influence of a foreign language) is simply a noun suffix and is in no connection with the diminutive – it is only its homonym.
The present paper deals with those entry words of the Transylvanian Hungarian Historical Dictionary which have a diminutive suffix in their structure; however, the meaning of the derivative does not include the element ‘small/little’.
Central Bank Communication and Monetary Policy Predictability under Uncertain Economic Conditions
Authors: Lehtimäki Jonne O. , Palmu Marianne 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Modern central banks increasingly value monetary policy transparency, and attempt to build credibility by communicating their decisions to the public. This paper studies whether the communication of central banks can be used to explain upcoming changes in their most important monetary policy instrument, the short-term refinancing rate, and whether the public can trust central bank communication during times of financial crisis.
This is done by constructing an indicator to measure the predictability of monetary policy by calculating the median of the policy makers’ official comments. The performance of this indicator is studied with ordered probit methods. The results show that predictability was reached relatively well at central bank level during the financial crisis despite the rapid growth of economic uncertainty, and that communication can be a useful tool for central banks during uncertain times.
Using External Financing in a One Factor Model Measuring the Volatility of Market Risk of Vietnam's Banking Industry During and After the Global Crisis
Authors: Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper evaluates the impact of external financing on market risk for the listed firms in Vietnam`s banking industry, especially during and after the financial crisis 2009-2011.
First of all, by using quantitative and analytical methods to estimate asset and equity beta of total 9 listed companies in Vietnam banking industry with a proper traditional model, we found out that the beta values, in general, for many institutions are acceptable.
Second, under 3 different scenarios of changing leverage (in 2011 financial reports, 30% up and 20% down), we recognized that the risk level, measured by equity and asset beta mean, decreases when leverage increases to 30% and increases more if leverage decreases down to 20%.
Third, by changing leverage in 3 scenarios, we recognized the dispersion of risk level, measured by equity beta var, increases from 0,108 to 0,181 if the leverage increases to 30% whereas decreases to 0,073 if leverage decreases to 20%. But the dispersion measured by asset beta var decreases to 0,007 (leverage up 30%), showing leverage impact. Finally, this paper provides some outcomes that could provide companies and the government with more evidence in establishing their policies in governance.
Promoting Personal Motivation within Professional Education
Authors: Monderna Emanuele , Voinarovska Natalia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Current research is dedicated to the issues of apprising personal and professional motivation of youth in the process of their training in higher educational institutions. Principal components of the motivational field of a personality, beneficial for professional success and productivity, have been examined, including such prominent types of motives as cognitive, social, professional, material and achievement. Individual dispositions have been scrutinized as the integral elements of the motivational scope of a person. Consistent patterns and missions of cognitive motivation within the educational process raised as one of the key questions throughout the research. Analyzing of meaningful and dynamic characteristics of personal motives enabled the authors of this paper to classify personal motives for self-development in the process of education, among which there are self-realization, self-affirmation, self-expression and self-actualization. Central assumption here is the correlation between an individual’s professional and personal activity and transformation of the tasks of professional and personal development. Theoretical framework consists of A.Leontiev’s, A.Maslow’s and C.Sanderson’s approaches to the notion of “motivation” as the inside encouraging reason for individual’s motions and activities.
Complex Approach on Multicultural Teams Management & Leadership
Authors: Pauliene Rasa , Diskiene Danuta , Matuzeviciute Emilija 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Culture plays a fundamental role in peoples’ perception of the world thus perception of the world and culture has a major impact on one another. Consequently, leadership cannot be effective if diversity of cultures, likewise values, habits, communication style, history, language, is not considered. Leadership is always associated with change, however, under continuously changing conditions of the competitive environment, managers may not always be initiators of positive changes, and employees themselves often know best what could facilitate their work and make it more successful. Therefore, leadership at multicultural organisations has started to be seen as the ability of an organisation as a whole, rather than an exceptional feature of a few top managers. The purpose of the study is to identify complex approach on multicultural team management and leadership. In order to reach the purpose of the study, qualitative research method and in-depth interviewing has been chosen. Questions and statements in the questionnaire reflect multicultural aspect: as people have different values, they are more culturally linked. It leads to differentiation of values and this can cause misunderstandings while communicating with co-workers from other cultures. Moreover, miscommunication can be caused by misperception, misinterpretation and misevaluation.
Reflecting on the Personality of Artificiality: Reading Asimov’s Film Bicentennial Man through Machine Ethics
Authors: Kahambing Jan Gresil S. , Deguma Jabin J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The film Bicentennial Man (1999) pictured in a nutshell a robot who/that became human via his personality by plunging into the realities of freedom and death. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the notion of personality in the case of what this paper coins as a ‘robot-incarnate’ with the name Andrew, the first man who lived for two hundred years from his inception as an artificial machine. The method of exposition proceeds from (1) utilizing a philosophical reflection on the film concerning the determinacy of Andrew as a person and (2) then anchoring his case as a subject for the understanding of machine ethics. Regarding the first, the paper focuses on the questions of personality, death, and freedom. Regarding the second, the paper exposes the discussions of machine ethics and the issue of moral agency. Deducing from the already existing literature on the matter, the paper concludes that machine ethics must stand as the principle that serves as law and limitation to any scientific machine advancement showing promising potentials.
Intergenerational Learning: A Cornerstone of Quality Aging
Authors: Berčan Mateja , Ovsenik Marija 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The presentation of the professions from the older generation to elementary school pupils is one of the segments of intergenerational learning and intergenerational cooperation. Young people meet a person who actually did a particular occupation or profession. The older generation explains to the young generation what is needed to learn for a particular profession, and the young generation have the opportunity to test, or at least monitor the work they would do in the profession. The aim of our survey was to confirm that intergenerational learning is one of the cornerstones of quality aging. The data was collected with the survey questionnaire, which 200 representatives of older generation aged 65 and more have answered and was then quantitatively analyzed using a quantitative methodology. The results of the research confirmed that intergenerational cooperation through intergenerational learning, which involves the presentation of a profession of older generation to younger generation, affects the quality of life in the third life period. We can conclude that within intergenerational learning older generation gets the opportunity to transfer their knowledge, experience and share it with young generation, which leads to a higher quality of life even in the third stage of life. The younger generation is able to acquire concrete and useful information about professions first hand and in addition learn about aging and social tolerance.
Erasmus University Students Motivation and Segments: The Case of Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
Authors: Clemente-Ricolfe José-Serafín , García-Pinto Paula 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study quantified Erasmus students’ motivations for studying abroad. Surveys were completed by 120 Erasmus students at the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) and their motivations for studying abroad were analysed via factor analysis. A two-step cluster analysis was used to segment students’ behaviour based on their motivations. Four factors were obtained: individual development, destination choice facilitators, academic aspects and the destination’s strong points. Behaviour was not uniform, and two different segments were found. In the first, which we refer to as “without perceived motivations”, no motivation was positively rated, while in the second, “with perceived motivations”, academics were a key motivating factor. Universities should consider working with the tourism sector to offer activities related to local culture. They could also organise classes outside of school hours to help Erasmus students learn Spanish.
Evaluation of Train Crews Schedule in Terms of Robustness
Authors: Wolniewicz Łukasz 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The evaluation of team work schedules in complex rail transport conditions is related to the robustness of individual solutions. In rail systems there are many aims that are important for users. One of the most important aims is to find a feasible solution. It is characterized by the non-conflicting schedule with another train, minimizing the travel time of the trainset and taking into account the priority of train. The problem of responding to delays in terms of reorganisation of work, prevention of delay propagation and real-time schedule changes is important. Schedules are built in a way that ensures the best use of work time. This has a negative impact on critical situations. The study analysed the changes of the conductor’s team to another train depending on the buffer time provided in work plan, real time needed for change and train delays.
Performance of simple temperature-based evaporation methods compared with a time series of pan evaporation measures from a standard 20 m2 tank
Authors: Ansorge Libor , Beran Adam 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEvaporation and evapotranspiration is crucial part of hydrological and water resource management studies e.g. water footprinting. Proper methods for estimating evaporation/potential evapotranspiration using limited climatic data are critical if the availability of climatic data is extremely limited. In a large scale studies are very often used generalized (modelled or gridded) input data. For a large scale water footprint studies is also important to find methods as simple as possible with quantifiable error. In our study, nine simple temperature-based empirical equations were compared with a long term time series of real evaporation data from a 20 m2 tank at Hlasivo station. In the first step, we used real temperature measured at Hlasivo station for validation of equations. In the second step, the gridded temperature data (interpolated datasets) derived from the meteorological stations were used. For both datasets, the differences between observed and predicted values were categorized into three groups of accuracy and the statistical indices of each equation were calculated. Very good results were achieved with the Hamon equation from 1961 and the Oudin equation for both datasets with index of agreement (d) higher than 0.9, cross-correlation coefficient (R2) around 0.7 and root mean square error (RMSE) around 0.5 mm∙(24 h)−1 The Kharrufa equation, which was developed for semi-arid or arid areas, also provides results with sufficient accuracy. Comparison of the results with similar studies showed a lower accuracy of very simple equations against more complex equations, which have RMSE lower than 0.25 mm∙(24 h)−1. But for some kind of studies, quantifiable errors with sufficient accuracy can be more important than the absolute accuracy.
Role of drainage layer on green roofs in limiting the runoff of rainwater from urbanized areas
Authors: Baryła Anna M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Green roofs play a significant role in sustainable drainage systems. They form absorbent surfaces for rainwater, which they retain with the aid of profile and plants. Such roofs therefore take an active part in improving the climatic conditions of a city and, more broadly, the water balance of urbanized areas. One of the factors influencing the hydrological efficiency of green roofs is the drainage layer. In the article, column studies were carried out under field conditions involving the comparison of the retention abilities of two aggregates serving as the drainage layer of green roofs, i.e. Leca® and quartzite grit. The average retention of the substrate was 48%; for a 5 cm drainage layer of Leca® retention was 57%, for a 10 cm layer of Leca average retention was 61%. For a 5 cm layer of quartzite grit average retention was 50%, for 10 cm layer of quartzite grit 53%. The highest retention was obtained for the column with the substrate and 10-centimeter layer of Leca®. At the same time, it was shown that Leca® is a better retention material than quartzite grit. The initial state of substrate moisture content from a green roof appears to be a significant factor in reducing rainfall runoff from a green roof; the obtained values of initial moisture content made for a higher correlation than the antecedent dry weather period.
The application of global experiences in evaluation of mining zone: Case study the Zohreh River
Authors: Azarang Farhang , Bejestan Mahmood Shafaei , Jafari Ghazal , Karami Maryam 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The materials mining from rivers have a variety of negative and positive effects. Currently, one of the most important issues in river engineering is the proper management of materials mining. In this research, global experiences and international standards for managing sand and gravel mining have been applied to evaluate the mining area in the Zohreh River in Khuzestan province (Iran). One of the evaluation methods in this field is the river matrix method. In this method, which is defined on the basis of river pattern, river characteristics such as river size, site location of materials, associated channel and type of deposit are being considered. In this research, a segment of the Zohreh River between Sardasht Zeydun bridge and Mohseniyeh village in which has good potential for gravel mining was selected and evaluated for river characteristics, mining potential and application of river matrix method. The study indicates that the Zohreh River has a braided pattern in the range. The volume of sediment materials in the target area is about 10 000 m3, the length and width of the mining area are 125 and 80 m respectively, and surface extraction with a maximum depth of 1 m was recommended for extraction of materials. At the end of the research, management solutions and solutions for mining of river materials were presented using various standards.
Efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment with membrane bioreactor
Authors: Domańska Magdalena , Boral Anna , Hamal Kamila , Kuśnierz Magdalena , Łomotowski Janusz , Płaza-Ożóg Paulina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe increasingly stringent requirements for wastewater treatment enforce the adoption of technologies that reduce pollution and minimize waste production. By combining the typical activated sludge process with membrane filtration, biological membrane reactors (MBR) offer great technological potential in this respect. The paper presents the principles and effectiveness of using an MBR at the Głogów Małopolski operation. Physicochemical tests of raw and treated wastewater as well as microscopic analyses with the use of the FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) method were carried out. Moreover, the level of electric energy consumption during the operation of the wastewater treatment plant and problems related to fouling were also discussed. A wastewater quality analysis confirmed the high efficiency of removing organic impurities (on average 96% in case of BOD5 and 94% in case of COD) and suspension (on average 93%).
Time of concentration based infiltration under different soil density, water content, and slope during a steady rainfall
Authors: Harisuseno Donny , Khaeruddin Dian Noorvy , Haribowo Riyanto 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Time of concentration, Tc, is defined as time elapsed from the beginning of rainfall infiltrated into soil layer until it reaches a constant infiltration rate (fc) which is indicated an equilibrium subsurface flow rate. In hydrological view, time of concentration plays a significant role in elaboration of transformation of rainfall into runoff in a watershed. The aims of this research are to define influence of soil density and soil water content in determining time of concentration using infiltration concept based on water balance theory, and to find out the effect of land slope this time. Watershed laboratory experiment using rainfall simulator was employed to examine time of concentration associated with infiltration process under different slope, soil density and soil water content based on water balance concept. The steady rainfall intensity was simulated using sprinklers which produced 2 dm3∙min−1. Rainfall, runoff and infiltration analysis were carried out at laboratory experiment on soil media with varied of soil density (d) and soil water content (w), where variation of land slopes (s) were designed in three land slopes 2, 3 and 4%. The results show that relationship between soil density and land slope to time of concentration showed a quadratic positive relationship where the higher the soil density address to the longer time of concentration. Moreover, time of concentration had an inverse relationship with soil water content and land slope that means time of concentration decreased when the soil water content increased.
Groundwater’s physicochemical and bacteriological assessment: Case study of well water in the region of Sedrata, North-East of Algeria
Authors: Malek Amina , Kahoul Mohamed , Bouguerra Hamza 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Drinking water is a possible source of humans’ illness when it contains chemicals and microorganisms especially from anthropogenic activities. The water supply from groundwater remains very important in Algeria. To assess the quality of groundwater in the region of Sedrata, analyses were carried out on 26 wells belonging to two neighbouring areas: one urban and the other rural. A study of physicochemical parameters has focused on the measurement of in situ temperature, electrical conductivity, pH and turbidity. Then the following parameters were analysed: hardness, and the elements: Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42−, PO43−, Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, NH4+ as well as metal trace elements Fe2+, Mn2+, Al3+. The samples taken for the bacteriological study were filtered and introduced into growth medium for the research and enumeration of total germs, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci and sulphite reducing Clostridium. As a result, the contamination of the studied waters is almost general. Some of the most important obtained values are ranging from 4.8 to 76 mg∙dm−3 for nitrates, the recorded values for mesophilic germs vary from 1 to 1100 CFUs∙cm−3. Agricultural activity and livestock products on the one hand and the use of fertilizers on the other hand are the main sources of physicochemical and bacteriological pollution. Contaminated wells should be treated as soon as possible to limit contamination before spreading in the deep aquifers. In the future, it will be necessary not only to assess the health risks related to the level of contamination of these waters, but also to proceed with their treatment before supplying them to consumers.
Effect of two management techniques applied to the reduction of Juncus maritimus (Lam.) abundance in a selected temporary wetland
Authors: Sahib Nargis 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Moderate management of temporary wetlands is one of the most proper methods for their restoration and conservation. The cessation of use may lead to high biomass domination by macrophytes as Juncus maritimus (Lam.) that changes plant community structure, threatens species biodiversity, and becomes a danger for their conservation. The experiment was carried out in Sidi Boughaba coastal reserve in Morocco. Two management techniques of wetlands were tested, cutting and uprooting of the rush. Four experimental plots (4.2 × 2.9 m) within the rush belt were set up, with intact plots as a control. Vegetation structure and water levels were monitored on 96 quadrats over two years. The six visits dates, three visits per year (February, April, June), were monitored over two years. The abundance and richness of species were studied, simultaneously with the density of the seed stock in each plot. Results showed that both techniques allowed the opening of the habitat with a significant increase of richness and abundance of species, particularly the restoration of characteristic species of the temporary wetland from the seed bank. The cut technique seems to have less of an effect on the seed stock, total seeds median value was 6.5 in cut plots versus 5 in uprooting plots, being regularly applied given the rapid encroachment of the rush.