bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the regulation of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Keinhörster Daniela , Salzer Andrea , Duque‐Jaramillo Alejandra , George Shilpa E. , Marincola Gabriella , Lee Jean C. , Weidenmaier Christopher , Wolz Christiane 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCapsular polysaccharide (CP) biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus is tightly controlled resulting in a heterogeneous phenotype within a population and CP being mainly detectable in nongrowing cells. Expression of the corresponding biosynthesis gene cluster is driven by one promoter element (Pcap). Here, we demonstrate that Pcap contains a main SigB‐dependent promoter. The SigB consensus motif overlaps with a previously described inverted repeat (IR) that is crucial for cap expression. The essentiality of the IR is derived from this region acting as a SigB binding site rather than as an operator site for the proposed cap activators RbsR and MsaB. Furthermore, Pcap contains an extensive upstream region harboring a weak SigA‐dependent promoter and binding sites for cap repressors such as SaeR, CodY and Rot. Heterogeneous CP synthesis is determined by SigB activity and repressor binding to the upstream region. SigB dependency and regulation by the upstream repressors are also sufficient to explain the temporal gene expression pattern at the transcriptional level. However, CP synthesis remains growth phase‐dependent even when transcription is rendered constitutive, suggesting additional posttranscriptional regulatory circuits. Thus, the interference of multiple repressors with SigB‐dependent promoter activity as well as post‐transcriptional mechanisms ensure the appropriate regulation of CP synthesis.
Unexpected diagnosis of a neck lump
Authors: Osborne R. , Jawad H. , Ikponmwosa A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA case report of a patient with a right‐sided neck lump initially presenting to his dentist who was subsequently diagnosed with a rare mycotic carotid artery aneurysm. Clinical examination in York out‐patient department led to a high index of suspicion of metastatic squamous cell cancer (SCC). A malignant process was suspected due to the combination of a fixed level 2 neck lump, otalgia and vocal cord palsy. However, a differential diagnosis of an aneurysm became more likely following an MRI scan. The patient subsequently underwent urgent debridement of the carotid artery aneurysm and ligation of the internal carotid artery. Mycotic aneurysms involving the carotid arteries are rare with only around 20 reported cases every decade with a small number of cases reporting dental infection as a potential cause. The definitive diagnosis of a mycotic aneurysm demonstrates how similar the presenting features of a metastatic SCC can be to that of a carotid aneurysm. Despite the low incidence, the importance of considering an aneurysm in the differential diagnosis of neck lumps is highlighted due to possible catastrophic consequences.[Correction statement added on 14 August 2019 after first online publication: The first two sentences of Abstract section were found to be similar and has been updated this version for clarity]
Spinal meningeal cyst in a child with Marfan syndrome: A potential cause for apparent dural puncture during caudal epidural block
Authors: Ackermann Irene , Henze Georg , Kottke Raimund , Weiss Markus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report a complication from caudal epidural block for anesthesia in a 4‐year‐old child with Marfan syndrome who was undergoing lensectomy, orchidopexy, and circumcision resulting in apparent accidental dural puncture. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lumbosacral spinal meningeal cyst.
Anesthetic cream relieves pain after cryotherapy treatment of plantar and palmar warts
Authors: Choi Min Wha , Noh Tai Kyung , Han Tae Young , Lee June Hyunkyung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCryotherapy using liquid nitrogen is an effective and commonly used treatment for palmoplantar warts. However, pain can be a limiting factor in the effective use of cryotherapy. In this study, we found that a single application of anesthetic cream following cryotherapy treatment of warts reduced posttreatment pain and led to improved tolerability of the procedure.
Intra‐clinothem variability in sedimentary texture and process regime recorded down slope profiles
Authors: Cosgrove Grace I. E. , Poyatos‐Moré Miquel , Lee David R. , Hodgson David M. , McCaffrey William D. , Mountney Nigel P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractShelf‐margin clinothem successions can archive process interactions at the shelf to slope transition, and their architecture provides constraints on the interplay of factors that control basin‐margin evolution. However, detailed textural analysis and facies distributions from shelf to slope transitions remain poorly documented. This study uses quantitative grain‐size and sorting data from coeval shelf and slope deposits of a single clinothem that crops out along a 5 km long, dip‐parallel transect of the Eocene Sobrarbe Deltaic Complex (Ainsa Basin, south‐central Pyrenees, Spain). Systematic sampling of sandstone beds tied to measured sections has captured vertical and basinward changes in sedimentary texture and facies distributions at an intra‐clinothem scale. Two types of hyperpycnal flow‐related slope deposits, both rich in mica and terrestrial organic matter, are differentiated according to grain size, sorting and bed geometry: (i) sustained hyperpycnal flow deposits, which are physically linked to coarse channelized sediments in the shelf setting and which deposit sand down the complete slope profile; (ii) episodic hyperpycnal flow deposits, which are disconnected from, and incise into, shelf sands and which are associated with sediment bypass of the proximal slope and coarse‐grained sand deposition on the medial and distal slope. Both types of hyperpycnites are interbedded with relatively homogenous, organic‐free and mica‐free, well‐sorted, very fine‐grained sandstones, which are interpreted to be remobilized from wave‐dominated shelf environments; these wave‐dominated deposits are found only on the proximal and medial slope. Coarse‐grained sediment bypass into the deeper‐water slope settings is therefore dominated by episodic hyperpycnal flows, whilst sustained hyperpycnal flows and turbidity currents remobilizing wave‐dominated shelf deposits are responsible for the full range of grain sizes in the proximal and medial slope, thus facilitating clinoform progradation. This novel dataset highlights previously undocumented intra‐clinothem variability related to updip changes in the shelf process‐regime, which is therefore a key factor controlling downdip architecture and resulting sedimentary texture.
Physical training, UCP1 expression, mitochondrial density, and coupling in adipose tissue from women with obesity
Authors: Brandao Camila Fernanda Cunha , de Carvalho Flavia Giolo , Souza Anderson de Oliveira , Junqueira‐Franco Márcia Varella Morandi , Batitucci Gabriela , Couto‐Lima Carlos Antonio , Fett Carlos Alexandre , Papoti Marcelo , Freitas Ellen Cristini de , Alberici Luciane Carla , Marchini Julio Sergio 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundExercise training may improve energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and oxidative capacities. Therefore, we hypothesized that physical training enhances white adipose tissue mitochondrial oxidative capacity from obese women.ObjectiveTo evaluate mitochondrial respiratory capacity, mitochondrial content, and UCP1 gene expression in white adipose tissue from women with obesity before and after the physical training program.MethodsWomen (n = 14, BMI 33 ± 3 kg/m2, 35 ± 6 years, mean ± SD) were submitted to strength and aerobic exercises (75%‐90% maximum heart rate and multiple repetitions), 3 times/week during 8 weeks. All evaluated subjects were paired, before and after training for resting metabolic rate (RMR), substrate oxidation (lipid and carbohydrate) by indirect calorimeter, deuterium oxide body composition, and aerobic maximum velocity (Vmax) test. At the beginning and at the ending of the protocol, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected to measure the mitochondrial respiration by high‐resolution respirometry, mitochondrial content by citrate synthase (CS) activity, and UCP1 gene expression by RT‐qPCR.ResultsCombined physical training increased RMR, lipid oxidation, and Vmax but did not change body weight/composition. In WAT, exercise increased CS activity, decreased mitochondrial uncoupled respiration and mRNA of UCP1. RMR was positively correlated with fat‐free mass.ConclusionPhysical training promotes an increase in mitochondrial content without changing tissue respiratory capacity, a reduction in mitochondrial uncoupling degree and UCP1 mRNA expression in WAT. Finally, it improved the resting metabolic rate, lipid oxidation and physical performance, independent of the body changing free, or fat mass in obese women.
Validity and reliability of the TargetScan ISSF Pistol & Rifle application for measuring shooting performance
Authors: Mon‐López Daniel , Tejero‐González Carlos M. 
Published: July 2019

Several technologies, with varying economic costs, are used to measure the performance of Olympic sport shooters, including electronic targets, laser systems, and mobile phone applications. Nevertheless, the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) does not currently accept any mobile applications as valid measurement systems. The objective of the study was to check the validity and reliability of the TargetScan ISSF Pistol & Rifle application, an automatic mobile application for measuring the performance of shooters via image analysis. A total of 1440 shots were fired by 24 shooters (720 shots each for the air rifle and air pistol events), and the target sheets were analyzed with the application installed on an iPhone X. The official competition results and the measurements from the application were then compared. The results showed an almost perfect reliability for air pistol shots (ICC = .999) and no significant differences between the official average scores and those measured by the application. The reliability was also high for air rifle shots (ICC = .998), but the average scores registered by the application were statistically lower than the official results. We concluded that TargetScan ISSF Pistol & Rifle is a low‐cost, valid, and reliable application for measuring amateur and semi‐professional shooting performance which may be useful to shooters, coaches, clubs, and federations worldwide.
Best management practices for agricultural non‐point source pollution in a small watershed based on the AnnAGNPS model
Authors: Zhang Tong , Yang Yuheng , Ni Jiupai , Xie Deti 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBest management practices (BMPs) are implemented to reduce non‐point source pollution (NPSP) worldwide. In this study, the AnnAGNPS model was adapted and used to evaluate the effectiveness of BMPs for NPSP control in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China. Through field investigation and experimental observation, the AnnAGNPS model database was constructed. The model best simulated run‐off and its simulation of total nitrogen (TN) was better than for total phosphorus (TP). Simulation of the spatial distribution of different pollutant loads showed that the annual outputs of TN and TP per unit area were the highest, with an average of 63 and 6 kg hm−2 per year, respectively. An optimal scenario was developed based on adjustments to the existing land structure which were most effective at reducing N and P loads. The reduction rates of TN and TP loads were 54% and 63%, respectively, while the reduction rates of dissolved and particulate N and P loads were between 47% and 68%. After 27% of arid slope fields were converted into terraces in the study area, the modelled particulate N and P outputs were reduced by 44% and 46%, respectively, showing that terracing sloping land could be effective at reducing particulate N and P losses. These findings indicated that slope‐shifting technology is the most important method for NPSP control in the TGRA. In addition, reduced fertilizer use and conservation tillage measures should also be adopted to effectively reduce TN and TP losses.
Fine‐scale intra‐ and inter‐city commercial store site recommendations using knowledge transfer
Authors: Yao Yao , Liu Penghua , Hong Ye , Liang Zhaotang , Wang Rouyu , Guan Qingfeng , Chen Jingmin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rapid development of urban retail companies brings new opportunities to the Chinese economy. Due to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of different cities, selecting a business location in a new area has become a challenge. The application of multi‐source geospatial data makes it possible to describe human activities and urban functional zones at fine scale. We propose a knowledge transfer‐based model named KTSR to support citywide business location selections at the land‐parcel scale. This framework can optimize customer scores and study the pattern of business location selection for chain brands. First, we extract the features of each urban land parcel and study the similarities between them. Then, singular value decomposition was used to build a knowledge‐transfer model of similar urban land parcels between different cities. The results show that: (1) compared with the actual scores, the estimated deviation of the proposed model decreased by more than 50%, and the Pearson correlation coefficient reached 0.84 or higher; (2) the decomposed features were good at quantifying and describing high‐level commercial operation information, which has a strong relationship with urban functional structures. In general, our method can work for selecting business locations and estimating sale volumes and user evaluations.
Perspectives on Scedosporium species and Lomentospora prolificans in lung transplantation: Results of an international practice survey from ESCMID fungal infection study group and study group for infections in compromised hosts, and European Confederation of Medical Mycology
Authors: Rammaert Blandine , Puyade Mathieu , Cornely Oliver A. , Seidel Danila , Grossi Paolo , Husain Shahid , Picard Clément , Lass‐Flörl Cornelia , Manuel Oriol , Le Pavec Jérôme , Lortholary Olivier ,   the SCEDO‐LUNG collaborative group
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundScedosporium species and Lomentospora prolificans (S/L) are the second most common causes of invasive mold infections following Aspergillus in lung transplant recipients.MethodsWe assessed the current practices on management of S/L colonization/infection of the lower respiratory tract before and after lung transplantation in a large number of lung transplant centers through an international practice survey from October 2016 to March 2017.ResultsA total of 51 respondents from 45 lung transplant centers (17 countries, 4 continents) answered the survey (response rate 58%). S/L colonization was estimated to be detected in candidates by 48% of centers. Only 18% of the centers used a specific medium to detect S/L colonization. Scedosporium spp. colonization was a contraindication to transplantation in 10% of centers whereas L prolificans was a contraindication in 31%; 22% of centers declared having had 1‐5 recipients infected with S/L in the past 5 years.ConclusionsThis survey gives an overview of the current practices regarding S/L colonization and infection in lung transplant centers worldwide and underscores the need of S/L culture procedure standardization before implementing prospective studies.
Quadruple versus triple combination antiretroviral therapies for treatment naive people with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Feng Qi , Zhou Aoshuang , Zou Huachun , Ingle Suzanne , May Margaret T , Cai Weiping , Cheng Chien-Yu , Yang Zuyao , Tang Jinling 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of four drug (quadruple) versus three drug (triple) combination antiretroviral therapies in treatment naive people with HIV, and explore the implications of existing trials for clinical practice and research.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from March 2001 to December 2016 (updated search in PubMed and EMBASE up to June 2018); and reference lists of eligible studies and related reviews.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials comparing quadruple with triple combination antiretroviral therapies in treatment naive people with HIV and evaluating at least one effectiveness or safety outcome.Review methodsOutcomes of interest included undetectable HIV-1 RNA, CD4 T cell count, virological failure, new AIDS defining events, death, and severe adverse effects. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted.ResultsTwelve trials (including 4251 people with HIV) were eligible. Quadruple and triple combination antiretroviral therapies had similar effects on all relevant effectiveness and safety outcomes, with no point estimates favouring quadruple therapy. With the triple therapy as the reference group, the risk ratio was 0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.05) for undetectable HIV-1 RNA, 1.00 (0.90 to 1.11) for virological failure, 1.17 (0.84 to 1.63) for new AIDS defining events, 1.23 (0.74 to 2.05) for death, and 1.09 (0.89 to 1.33) for severe adverse effects. The mean difference in CD4 T cell count increase between the two groups was −19.55 cells/μL (−43.02 to 3.92). In general, the results were similar, regardless of the specific regimens of combination antiretroviral therapies, and were robust in all subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionIn this study, effects of quadruple combination antiretroviral therapy were not better than triple combination antiretroviral therapy in treatment naive people with HIV. This finding lends support to current guidelines recommending the triple regimen as first line treatment. Further trials on this topic should be conducted only when new research is justified by adequate systematic reviews of the existing evidence. However, this study cannot exclude the possibility that quadruple cART would be better than triple cART when new classes of antiretroviral drugs are made available.
Marka Cinsiyetinin Çeşitli Markalar Açısından Değerlendirilmesi ve Pazarlama Stratejilerine Yönelik Öneriler
Authors: YILDIRIM Yıldırım , KÖMÜRCÜ Ahmet Hulusi 
Published: July 2019

Marka değeri, marka kimliği, marka kişiliği, marka
çağrışımları, markanın sembolü, markalarda ünlü kullanımı gibi birçok başlık
altında yapılan sayısız araştırmaya karşılık, marka cinsiyeti ülkemizde yeni
bir kavram olarak incelenmeye başlanmış ve henüz Türkçe literatürde bu konuda
sayıca fazla çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Cinsiyet, geleneksel pazarlama
yöntemlerinde iyi bir bölümlendirme aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Tıpkı
insanlar gibi markalarında birer cinsiyeti olabileceği varsayımından hareketle
ortaya atılan bu kavram, markanın sahip olduğu cinsiyetle alıcının cinsiyetinin
örtüşmesi halinde markaya pazar üstünlüğü sağlayacak ve güçlü bir konumlandırma
elde edecektir. Bu çalışmada çeşitli markalar sorulmuş ve her bir
markanın hangi cinsiyette algılandığı öğrenilmeye çalışılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı
istatistikler ile Correspondence Analizi kullanılmış olup, bazı markaların
algılanan cinsiyetinin demografik faktörlere göre değişip değişmediği ve
demografik faktörler ile algılanan cinsiyet arasında bir ilişkinin olup
olmadığı test edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda markaların algılanan cinsiyetinin
demografik faktörlere göre değişmesi beklenmektedir. Çalışmanın Türkçe yazında
alana katkı sağlayacağı ve bundan sonraki araştırmacılar için bir ön çalışma
niteliği taşıması beklenmektedir.
Marine Boundary Layer Clouds Associated with Coastally Trapped Disturbances: Observations and Model Simulations
Authors: Juliano Timothy W. , Coggon Matthew M. , Thompson Gregory , Rahn David A. , Seinfeld John H. , Sorooshian Armin , Lebo Zachary J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Modeling marine low clouds and fog in coastal environments remains an outstanding challenge due to the inherently complex ocean–land–atmosphere system. This is especially important in the context of global circulation models due to the profound radiative impact of these clouds. This study utilizes aircraft and satellite measurements, in addition to numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, to examine three well-observed coastally trapped disturbance (CTD) events from June 2006, July 2011, and July 2015. Cloud water-soluble ionic and elemental composition analyses conducted for two of the CTD cases indicate that anthropogenic aerosol sources may impact CTD cloud decks due to synoptic-scale patterns associated with CTD initiation. In general, the dynamics and thermodynamics of the CTD systems are well represented and are relatively insensitive to the choice of physics parameterizations; however, a set of WRF simulations suggests that the treatment of model physics strongly influences CTD cloud field evolution. Specifically, cloud liquid water path (LWP) is highly sensitive to the choice of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme; in many instances, the PBL scheme affects cloud extent and LWP values as much as or more than the microphysics scheme. Results suggest that differences in the treatment of entrainment and vertical mixing in the Yonsei University (nonlocal) and Mellor–Yamada–Janjić (local) PBL schemes may play a significant role. The impact of using different driving models—namely, the North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) 12-km analysis and the NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) 32-km products—is also investigated.
Building trust and improving communication with parents of children with Trisomy 13 and 18: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Janvier Annie , Farlow Barbara , Barrington Keith J , Bourque Claude Julie , Brazg Tracy , Wilfond Benjamin 
Published: July 2019

Background: Trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 are common life-limiting conditions associated with major disabilities. Many parents have described conflictual relationships with clinicians, but positive and adverse experiences of families with healthcare providers have not been well described. Aim: (1) To investigate parental experiences with clinicians and (2) to provide practical recommendations and behaviors clinicians could emulate to avoid conflict. Design: Participants were asked to describe their best and worse experiences, as well as supportive clinicians they met. The results were analyzed using mixed methods. Setting/participants: Parents of children with trisomy 13 and 18 who were part of online social support networks. A total of 503 invitations were sent, and 332 parents completed the questionnaire about 272 children. Results: The majority of parents (72%) had met a supportive clinician. When describing clinicians who changed their lives, the overarching theme, present in 88% of answers, was trust. Parents trusted clinicians when they felt he or she cared and valued their child, their family, and made them feel like good parents (69%), had appropriate knowledge (66%), and supported them and gave them realistic hope (42%). Many (42%) parents did not want to make—or be part of—life-and-death decisions. Parents gave specific examples of supportive behaviors that can be adopted by clinicians. Parents also described adverse experiences, generally leading to conflicts and lack of trust. Conclusion: Realistic and compassionate support of parents living with children with trisomy 13 and 18 is possible. Adversarial interactions that lead to distrust and conflicts can be avoided. Many supportive behaviors that inspire trust can be emulated.