bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neurophysiology of phonemic contrasts perception in L2/L3 learners: The role of acquisition setting
Authors: Kędzierska Hanna , Rataj Karolina , Balas Anna , Wrembel Magdalena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Phoneme discrimination is believed to be less accurate in non-native languages compared to native ones. What remains unclear is whether differences in pre-attentive phonological processing emerge between the first foreign language (L2) and additional ones (L3/Ln), and whether they might be influenced by the acquisition setting (formal vs. naturalistic). We conducted an event-related brain potential oddball study with native Polish learners of English (L2) and Norwegian (L3/Ln). The results revealed a graded amplitude of the mismatch negativity (MMN) effect, which was largest in L1, smaller in L2, and smallest in L3/Ln. Considering the previously obtained results for naturalistic/mixed learners with the same language combination, we believe that the acquisition setting is an important factor influencing the perception of phonemic contrasts. In the naturalistic group, no difference was observed between L1 and L2, while the instructed group exhibited more fine-grained distinctions between all tested languages.
S‐2DV: A New Reduced Model Generating Submesoscale‐Like Flows
Authors: Gowthaman Krithin , Thomas Jim 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOceanic mesoscale flows are characterized by an inverse kinetic energy cascade and the subsequent formation of large coherent vortices, and these flow features are captured well by the quasi‐geostrophic (QG) model. Oceanic submesoscale flow dynamics are however significantly different from those of mesoscales. The increase in unbalanced energy levels and the Rossby number at submesoscales results in cyclone‐anticyclone asymmetry in vorticity structures, forward kinetic energy cascades, and enhanced small‐scale dissipation. In this paper, we develop a reduced single‐equation model that can generate submesoscale‐like flows in two dimensions. We start from the two‐dimensional barotropic QG equation and add an external random vorticity field, to mimic the effect of unbalanced flow components. Thereafter, we add a vorticity‐squared term, to generate asymmetry in the vorticity structures. By varying the strength of these two terms, we observe that the model can generate submesoscale‐like flows that compare qualitatively well with realistic flows generated by complex ocean models. The reduced model is seen to be capable of generating flows that are intermittent in nature, are characterized by a forward energy flux, and are composed of small‐scale flow structures along with enhanced energy dissipation. We further demonstrate the practical utility of the model by applying it to a passive tracer dispersion and a plankton patchiness problem, these being applications that require submesoscale‐like flows. Our investigation points out that the new model could serve as a convenient platform for various applications that require submesoscale‐like flows, such as testing and developing different kinds of parameterizations.
Use and acceptability of an asthma diagnosis clinical decision support system for primary care clinicians: an observational mixed methods study
Authors: Daines Luke , Canny Anne , Donaghy Eddie , Murray Victoria , Campbell Leo , Stonham Carol , Milne Heather , Price David , Buchner Mark , Nelson Lesley , Mair Frances S. , Sheikh Aziz , Bush Andrew , McKinstry Brian , Pinnock Hilary 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere is uncertainty about how best to diagnose asthma, especially in primary care where mis-diagnosis is common. To address this, we developed a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for asthma diagnosis in children and young people (aged 5-25 years). This study explored the feasibility and acceptability of the CDSS in UK primary care. We recruited general practices from England and Scotland. The CDSS was available for use during routine consultations for six months. We analysed CDSS usage and, toward the end of the study, undertook qualitative interviews with clinicians who had used the CDSS. Within the 10 practices who completed the study, the CDSS was used by 75 out of 94 clinicians. 11 clinicians from 8 practices were interviewed. The CDSS was acceptable to participants who particularly commented on the ease of use and auto-population of information from the patient record. Barriers to use included the inability to record findings directly into the patient notes and a sense that, whilst possibly useful for trainees and junior colleagues, the CDSS would not necessarily lead to a change in their own practice. The CDSS was generally well received by primary care clinicians, though participants felt it would be most useful for trainees and less experienced colleagues.
Quantum phase transition and composite excitations of antiferromagnetic spin trimer chains in a magnetic field
Authors: Cheng Jun-Qing , Ning Zhi-Yao , Wu Han-Qing , Yao Dao-Xin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMotivated by recent advancements in theoretical and experimental studies of the high-energy excitations on an antiferromagnetic trimer chain, we numerically investigate the quantum phase transition and composite dynamics in this system by applying a magnetic field. The numerical methods we used include the exact diagonalization, density matrix renormalization group, time-dependent variational principle, and cluster perturbation theory. From calculating the entanglement entropy, we have revealed the phase diagram which includes the XY-I, 1/3 magnetization plateau, XY-II, and ferromagnetic phases. Both the critical XY-I and XY-II phases are characterized by the conformal field theory with a central charge c ≃ 1. By analyzing the dynamic spin structure factor, we elucidate the distinct features of spin dynamics across different phases. In the regime with weak intertrimer interaction, we identify the intermediate-energy and high-energy modes in the XY-I and 1/3 magnetization plateau phases as internal trimer excitations, corresponding to the propagating of doublons and quartons, respectively. Notably, applying a magnetic field splits the high-energy spectrum into two branches, labeled as the upper quarton and lower quarton. Furthermore, we explore the spin dynamics of a frustrated trimerized model closely related to the quantum magnet Na2Cu3Ge4O12. In the end, we extend our discuss on the possibility of the quarton Bose-Einstein condensation in the trimer systems. Our results are expected to be further verified through the inelastic neutron scattering and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, and also provide valuable insights for exploring high-energy exotic excitations.
Finnish inventory data of underwater marine biodiversity
Authors: Forsblom Louise , Virtanen Elina A. , Arponen Heidi , Boman Rasmus , Haapamäki Jaakko , Hoikkala Joonas , Kallio Niko , Karvinen Ville-Juhani , Kaskela Anu , Keskinen Essi , Kuismanen Lauri , Kurvinen Lasse , Laine Ari O. , Lanki Maiju , Lampinen Eveliina , Lappalainen Juho , Lehtonen Pekka , Nieminen Aija , O’Brien Kevin , Riihimäki Anu , Rinne Henna , Salovius-Lauren Sonja , Takolander Antti , Weckström Karl , Viitasalo Markku 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSince 2004, marine biodiversity inventory data have been systematically collected with diving, video, and benthic sampling methods in Finland. To date, this collection of data consists of more than 194 000 spatially explicit observations, covering more than 280 aquatic genera, representing mainly macroalgae, vascular plants, water mosses, and invertebrates. We describe the data collection and storage methods, data extraction from national databases, and provide potential users a curated, open-access version of the inventory data. Additionally, examples of data applications and discussion on potential limitations are provided. This extensive dataset can be used in ecological and biogeographical studies to provide general descriptions of biodiversity patterns and species distributions, as well as in more applied studies to support marine management, conservation, and sustainable use of marine areas. The sampling strategy and high spatial and taxonomic resolution allow for statistical modelling, which further increases the usability of the data in research, for instance in identifying key biodiversity areas, estimating biodiversity loss, and assessing efficiency of conservation.
Joint variation and ZhuYin dataset for Traditional Chinese document enhancement
Authors: Lo Shi-Wei , Chou Hsiu-Mei , Wu Jyh-Horng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDigital documents play a crucial role in contemporary information management. However, their quality can be significantly impacted by various factors such as hand-drawn annotations, image distortion, watermarks, stains, and degradation. Deep learning-based methods have emerged as powerful tools for document enhancement. However, their effectiveness relies heavily on the availability of high-quality training and evaluation datasets. Unfortunately, such benchmark datasets are relatively scarce, particularly in the domain of Traditional Chinese documents. We introduce a novel dataset termed “Joint Variation and ZhuYin dataset (JVZY)” to address this gap. This dataset comprises 20,000 images and 1.92 million words, encompassing various document degradation characteristics. It also includes unique phonetic symbols in Traditional Chinese, catering to the specific localization requirements. By releasing this dataset, we aim to construct a continuously evolving resource explicitly tailored to the diverse needs of Traditional Chinese document enhancement. This resource aims to facilitate the development of applications that can effectively address the challenges posed by unique phonetic symbols and varied file degradation characteristics encountered in Traditional Chinese documents.
Photoacoustic polydopamine-indocyanine green (PDA-ICG) nanoprobe for detection of senescent cells
Authors: Hartono Muhamad , Baker Andrew G. , Else Thomas R. , Evtushenko Alexander S. , Bohndiek Sarah E. , Muñoz-Espín Daniel , Fruk Ljiljana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCellular senescence is considered an important tumour suppression mechanism in response to damage and oncogenic stress in early lesions. However, when senescent cells are not immune-cleared and persist in the tumour microenvironment, they can drive a variety of tumour-promoting activities, including cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Additionally, there is compelling evidence demonstrating a direct connection between chemo(radio)therapy-induced senescence and the development of drug resistance and cancer recurrence. Therefore, detection of senescent cells in tissues holds great promise for predicting cancer occurrence earlier, assessing tumour progression, aiding patient stratification and prognosis, and informing about the efficacy of potential senotherapies. However, effective detection of senescent cells is limited by lack of biomarkers and readout strategies suitable for in vivo clinical imaging. To this end, a nanoprobe composed of biocompatible polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticle doped with FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG) dye, namely PDA-ICG, was designed as a contrast agent for senescence detection using photoacoustic imaging (PAI). In an in vitro model of chemotherapy-induced senescence, PDA-ICG nanoprobe showed an elevated uptake in senescent cells relative to cancer cells. In addition to its improved photostability, 2.5-fold enhancement in photoacoustic signal relative to ICG was observed. Collectively, the results indicate that the PDA-ICG nanoprobe has the potential to be used as a contrast agent for senescence detection of chemotherapy-induced senescence using PAI.
Proteasome associated function of UCH37 is evolutionarily conserved in Plasmodium parasites
Authors: Hajisadeghian Mohsen , Geiger Annie M. , Briggs Carla , Smith Cameron , Artavanis-Tsakonas Katerina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 37 (UCH37 also known as UCHL5) is a conserved deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) with dual roles in proteasomal degradation and chromatin remodeling in humans. Its Plasmodium falciparum ortholog, PfUCH37, is unusual in that it possesses both DUB and deneddylating activities. While PfUCH37 is enriched in proteasome preparations, its direct interaction and broader functions in Plasmodium remain unclear, particularly given the absence of the chromatin remodeling complex INO80 homologs. This study utilizes transgenic parasites and proteomics to identify PfUCH37-associating proteins. We confirm a direct interaction with the proteasome and demonstrate that the interaction mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. Notably, we discover a divergence in localization compared to the human enzyme and identify novel interacting partners, suggesting alternative functions for PfUCH37 in Plasmodium. These findings provide insights into the unique biology of this enzyme in malaria parasites, potentially opening avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.
Comparing effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate, bioceramic putty and tannic acid in maintaining pulp vitality after experimental pulpotomy in rats
Authors: Alsherif Aya Anwar , Salah Mohamed , Helal Mai Badreldin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), bioceramic putty (BP) and tannic acid (TA) for experimental pulpotomy. Our in-vivo experimental study involved sample of 45 rats that were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group 1 (subdivided into negative (1-A) and positive (1-B) subgroups), Group 2 (MTA treated), Group 3 (BP treated) and Group 4 (TA treated). 4 weeks post pulpotomy, specimens were analyzed histologically, immunohistochemically using dentin sialoprotein marker, and histomorphometrically by assessing the thickness of newly formed dentin bridge. Group 1-B showed pulp necrosis without hard tissue formation. Group 2 showed moderate dentin formation while group 3 presented a thick layer of calcific barrier. Group 4 showed dentin bridge formation, however, irregular pulp calcifications and radicular pulp necrosis were seen. The thickness of newly formed dentin bridge showed a significant difference between group 1-B and group 2, 3 &4. Significant difference was found between group 2&3 and group 3&4. Dentin sialoprotein immunohistochemical expression was negative in group 1-B, mild in group 2, strong in group 3 and moderate in group 4. MTA and BP proved to be effective pulpotomy agents with BP being superior. For TA, further studies are required to explain the recorded unfavorable effects in some specimens.
Intermittent theta burst stimulation over the left prefrontal cortex: no additional effect for virtual reality exposure therapy in acrophobia—a randomized trial
Authors: Cybinski L. M. , Bohmeier B. , Rolle K. , Gromer D. , Raij T. , Gundelach F. , Erhardt-Lehmann A. , Mühlberger A. , Deckert J. , Polak T. , Pauli P. , Herrmann M. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAnxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health conditions. Besides psycho-pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy with an exposure-based approach is considered the gold standard. However, not all patients benefit from this approach. Here, we aimed to translate laboratory findings on enhanced fear extinction with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the clinic. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 76 participants with acrophobia received an activating intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) targeting the left posterior prefrontal cortex immediately before two virtual reality exposure therapy sessions. Phobic symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and a 6-month follow-up. Results revealed a significant reduction in phobic symptoms from baseline to post-assessment and follow-up and confirmed the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment for specific phobias. Interestingly, no additional effect was observed for active iTBS compared to sham iTBS. Our post-hoc analyses argue for an individualized TMS application. Further research is needed to determine optimal TMS parameters and validate these results in clinical trials, accounting for methodological and inter- and intra-individual variability, as well as alternative therapeutic processes.
Electrocatalytic mechanism for overall water splitting to produce sustainable hydrogen by 2D Janus MoSH monolayer
Authors: Singh Deobrat , Singh Nisha , Sonvane Yogesh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the present work, we investigates the potential of two dimensional (2D) Janus MoSH monolayer as an electrocatalyst for overall water splitting using first-principles calculations. Our results shows that 2D Janus MoSH monolayer exhibits excellent structural stability and electronic properties, which are essential for efficient electrocatalysis. We find that the charge transfer mechanism between Mo and S atoms plays a crucial role in the electrocatalytic activity of 2D Janus MoSH monolayer. Due to the asymmetric structure of MoSH monolayer, it has intrinsic electric field with dipole moment of 0.24 D. Moreover, we demonstrate that 2D Janus MoSH monolayer exhibits high catalytic activity for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with overpotential 0.04 V and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with overpotential 0.11 V, making it a promising candidate for overall water splitting. Our findings have significant implications for the design and optimization of 2D monolayered materials for renewable energy production. By providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of HER and OER on 2D Janus MoSH monolayer, our study paves the way for the development of efficient and sustainable electrocatalysts for water splitting. We hope that current work will be helpful in understanding the electrocatalytic mechanism of 2D Janus MoSH monolayer and its potential applications in renewable energy production.
A spiro-type self-assembled hole transporting monolayer for highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells and modules
Authors: Zhang Xianfu , Li Botong , Zhang Shaochen , Lin Zedong , Han Mingyuan , Liu Xuepeng , Chen Jianlin , Du Weilun , Rahim Ghadari , Zhou Ying , Shi Pengju , Wang Rui , Wu Pengfei , Alshahrani Thamraa , Alqahtani Wadha , Alahmad Norah , Wang Qian , Ding Bin , Dai Songyuan , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Ding Yong 
Published: November 2024

The twisted spiro-type SAM 4PA-spiro effectively suppresses molecular aggregation and ensures appropriate energy levels, providing an efficiency of 25.28 and 21.87% for the p–i–n PSCs (0.05 cm2) and modules (29.0 cm2).
Konzept zur Evaluation der Patientenschulung
Osteoporose
Authors: Maus Uwe , Derichs Anna , Nolde Sophie , Niedhart Christopher 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Disease Management Programm (DMP) Osteoporose wurde zum 01.07.2020 in Kraft
gesetzt und befindet sich aktuell in Umsetzung. In einigen KV-Bereichen ist das
DMP bereits umgesetzt. Eine Anforderung im Rahmen des DMP ist der Nachweis einer
evaluierten Patientenschule. Da die bisherigen Patientenschulungen diese
Anforderungen nicht vollständig erfüllen, wurde eine neue Patientenschulung
entworfen. Sie wird aktuell über Train-the-trainer-Programme an die
Leistungserbringer verbreitet und kann damit auch den Patientinnen und Patienten
angeboten werden. Parallel zu dieser Umsetzung ist die Evaluation der Schulung
geplant, um für das DMP vom Bundesamt für soziale Sicherung (BAS) dauerhaft
akzeptiert zu werden. Dafür sollen insgesamt 400 Patientinnen und Patienten,
aufgeteilt auf 2 Gruppen, eine strukturierte Schulung erhalten und der Effekt
der Schulung auf den Wissenszuwachs und körperliche Funktionstests erfasst
werden.
A Predictive Model Integrating AI Recognition Technology and Biomarkers for Lung Nodule Assessment
Authors: Zhou Tao , Zhu Ping , Xia Kaijian , Zhao Benying 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the most prevalent and lethal cancer globally, necessitating accurate differentiation between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules to guide treatment decisions. This study aims to develop a predictive model that integrates artificial intelligence (AI) analysis with biomarkers to enhance early detection and stratification of lung nodule malignancy.
Methods The study retrospectively analyzed the patients with pathologically confirmed pulmonary nodules. AI technology was employed to assess CT features, such as nodule size, solidity, and malignancy probability. Additionally, lung cancer blood biomarkers were measured. Statistical analysis involved univariate analysis to identify significant differences among factors, followed by multivariate logistic regression to establish independent risk factors. The model performance was validated using receiver operating characteristic curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) for internal validation. Furthermore, an external dataset comprising 51 cases of lung nodules was utilized for independent validation to assess robustness and generalizability.
Results A total of 176 patients were included, divided into benign/preinvasive (n = 76) and invasive cancer groups (n = 100). Multivariate analysis identified eight independent predictors of malignancy: lobulation sign, bronchial inflation sign, AI-predicted malignancy probability, nodule nature, diameter, solidity proportion, vascular endothelial growth factor, and lung cancer autoantibodies. The combined predictive model demonstrated high accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.946). DCA showed that the combined model significantly outperformed the traditional model, and also proved superior to models using AI-predicted malignancy probability or the seven lung cancer autoantibodies plus traditional model. External validation confirmed its robustness (AUC = 0.856), achieving a sensitivity of 0.80 and specificity of 0.86, effectively distinguishing between invasive and noninvasive nodules.
Conclusion This combined approach of AI-based CT features analysis with lung cancer biomarkers provides a more accurate and clinically useful tool for guiding treatment decisions in pulmonary nodule patients. Further studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate these findings across diverse patient populations.