bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forming System and Income Security: A Case of Areca nut Farmers
Authors: Tigari Harish , Rajamma S 
Published: April 2019

India is an agriculture-based country, most of the people depending on that, for leading their life. In a rural area, people will be followed a variety of farming system, in that areca nut is one of the major commercial crops in Karnataka and it has the never-ending list of uses. It took place in all religious, social, and cultural functions. Although the production of areca nut is localized in a few states, the commercial product of areca nut is widely distributed all over the country and is consumed by all classes of people. Areca nut, economy is currently facing crises from several fronts keeping this background the present study was in hiriyuru. Due to the reason of rainfall, the production will be very less, in that situation government will support to the areca nut farmers, in terms of providing subsidies or bank loans and controlling the price fluctuation, these factors positively impact on development farming system of areca nut farmers. Recurrent crash in the prices of areca nut and server past and disease attacks on the palms are the serious problems in the traditional areca nut-growing regions besides, scarcity of labor or carry out various form operations in time becoming a major deterrent in areca nut cultivation in recent years. This situation called for intervention by the government, in the form of minimum support price (MSP) to provide stability to areca nut economy during 2002, similarly, unplanned areca nut explanation, impact surge, recurrent legal intervention in the use of some of the value added areca nut product like gutka and pan masala have been treating the very survival of areca nut economy. These have put in jeopardy the livelihood security of millions of farmers and workers depending on areca nut cultivation and marketing in India
Models of Metacognition
Authors: Thenmozhi C 
Published: April 2019

Thinking is a common process. Cognitive ability includes knowledge, memory and metacognition. Knowledge requires memory. These two are inextricably linked. Parents and teachers need to encourage children to take an active role in their learning and show them how to use what they know to the best advantage. Cognition is primarily a mental process. A successful theory of cognition would answer both the epistemological and biological questions. The purpose is to put forward a theory of cognition, that should provide an epistemological insight into the phenomenon of cognition. The concept of metacognition involves knowledge and control of self and control of the process. A metacognitive process consists of planning, strategies, knowledge, monitoring, evaluating and terminating. The Automation of Cognitive and Metacognitive Processes, Social and Emotional aspects of Metacognition, Domain General Versus domain specific Metacognitive Skills. Mata cognition, Intelligence and adaptive behaviour, Ann Brown distinguished between knowledge about cognition and regulation of cognition, Private Speech and Development of Metacognition is the models of metacognition.
Plasma Motion inside Flaring Regions Revealed by Doppler Shift Information from SDO/EVE Observations
Authors: Cheng Zhixun , Wang Yuming , Liu Rui , Zhou Zhenjun , Liu Kai 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Plasma motions within flaring regions provide key information for us to understand the flare processes. Here, we study two X-class flares near the solar disk center, one on 2014 January 7 and the other on 2012 March 7, by using 10 extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission lines from the Solar Dynamics Observatory/EUV Variability Experiment (EVE). The EVE plasma dynamic spectrum chart, a 2D map of Doppler shift against temperature and time, is constructed based on a spectroscopic analysis of the EUV lines. Three kinds of plasma motion are identified in the plasma dynamic spectrum charts: chromospheric evaporation (100–200 km s−1) above 1 MK, cooling inside post-flare loops (approximately 150 km s−1) between 0.3 and 1 MK, and condensation at footpoints (<30 km s−1) below 0.3 MK. We find that the chromospheric evaporation and condensation at footpoints started in the impulsive phase almost simultaneously, while the cooling occurred later in the gradual phase, with a time delay of more than 10 minutes, probably implying the timescale of evaporation movement and heat loss. Atmospheric Imaging Assembly observations and differential emission measure (DEM) analyses suggest that the cooled plasma moves downward within the cold transition region (TR) loops, from top to feet, which are below the hot coronal loops. Besides, the reversal temperature between blue/redshifts is close to 1 MK, implying that the boundary of upflowing/downflowing plasma is located at the lower corona or the upper TR.
Metal-poor Stars Observed with the Automated Planet Finder Telescope. I. Discovery of Five Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars from LAMOST
Authors: Mardini Mohammad K. , Li Haining , Placco Vinicius M. , Alexeeva Sofya , Carollo Daniela , Taani Ali , Ablimit Iminhaji , Wang Liang , Zhao Gang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We report on the discovery of five carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars in the metallicity range of −3.3 < [Fe/H] < −2.4. These stars were selected from the LAMOST DR3 low-resolution (R ∼ 2000) spectroscopic database as metal-poor candidates and followed up with high-resolution spectroscopy (R ∼ 110,000) with the Lick/APF. Stellar parameters and individual abundances for 25 chemical elements (from Li to Eu) are presented for the first time. These stars exhibit chemical abundance patterns that are similar to those reported in other literature studies of very and extremely metal-poor stars. One of our targets, J2114−0616, shows high enhancement in carbon ([C/Fe] = 1.37), nitrogen ([N/Fe] = 1.88), barium ([Ba/Fe] = 1.00), and europium ([Eu/Fe] = 0.84). Such chemical abundance pattern suggests that J2114−0616 can be classified as CEMP-r/s star. In addition, the star J1054+0528 can be classified as a CEMP-rI star, with [Eu/Fe] = 0.44 and [Ba/Fe] = −0.52. The other stars in our sample show no enhancements in neutron-capture elements and can be classified as CEMP-no stars. We also performed a kinematic and dynamical analysis of the sample stars based on Gaia DR2 data. The kinematic parameters, orbits, and binding energy of these stars show that J2114−0616 is member of the outer-halo population, while the remaining stars belong to the inner-halo population but with an accreted origin. Collectively, these results add important constraints on the origin and evolution of CEMP stars as well as on their possible formation scenarios.
Neuroprotective Activity of Evolvulus alsinoides & Centella asiatica Ethanolic Extracts in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Yadav Mukesh Kumar , Singh Santosh Kumar , Singh Manish , Mishra Shashank Shekhar , Singh Anurag Kumar , Tripathi Jyoti Shankar , Tripathi Yamini Bhusan 
Published: April 2019

AIM: To carry out the comparative nootropic, neuroprotective potentials of two medicinal plant species.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: For neuroprotective activity; behavior models (elevated plus maze & morris water maze), in vivo antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid peroxidation & reduced glutathione), inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6 & TNF-α) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) assessment procedures followed at different dosages i.e. 250 & 500 mg/kg of Evolvulus alsinoides and Centella asiatica ethanolic extracts. At the end of the study, it was performed histopathological analysis of the following organs: brain, heart, liver, and kidney.
RESULTS: In oral administration of different doses of ethanolic extracts of both medicinal plants i.e. Sco + EEA 250 = 2.49 ± 0.29 , Sco + EEA 500 = 2.67 ± 0.36, Sco + ECA 250 = 2.33 ± 0.17, Sco + ECA 500 = 2.77 ± 0.21, Sco + EEA + ECA 250 = 2.61 ± 0.32 and Sco + EEA + ECA 500 = 2.79 ± 0.16 U/mg of protein respectively against the scopolamine induced group Sco (control) = 5.51 ± 0.35 U/mg of protein extracts shows neuroprotective and nootropic activity with reducing AChE level in the brain homogenate of swiss albino mice.
CONCLUSION: Since the E. alsinoides & C. asiatica are already used in traditional Indian medicine as the neuroprotective agent and also found promising effects over inflammatory diseases, wound healing, and immunomodulatory activity. The neuroprotective effect of both plants extracts attributed to inhibition of AChE activity and improve the spatial memory formation.
Effect of Exercises on Quality of Life in Patients with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis – Randomized Trial
Authors: Koevska Valentina , Nikolikj-Dimitrova Erieta , Mitrevska Biljana , Gjeracaroska-Savevska Cvetanka , Gocevska Marija , Kalcovska Biljana 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterised by a low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to decrease of its strength and increased risk of fracture. Drug therapy decreases the risk of fracture, thus influencing on the mechanism of bone remodelling. Non-pharmacological interventions include specific exercises for osteoporosis that improve muscle strength and balance, decrease pain and improve quality of life.
AIM: To compare the quality of life in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis who practice exercises with those who do not practice on the beginning and after a year.
MATERIJAL AND METHODS: A randomised Single-blind randomised controlled prospective trial study, which included 92 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis diagnosed and treated at the Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups: the first group of patients with exercises and physical modalities (gr. I), the second group with exercises (gr. II), and the third control group of patients who did not practice exercises (gr. III). Exercises were practised 3 times a week; each exercise was repeated for 5-8 times. Patients regularly took bisphosphonates, calcium and vitamin D. The follow-up period lasted for one year. Quality of life was determined with a specific questionnaire Qualeffo-41.
RESULTS: The results showed, significant statistical difference in terms of pain, physical activity, social life, the perception of own health were shown between the groups (p < 0.0001), only in term of mental function were no significant (p < 0.3).
CONCLUSION: Patients who practice exercises for osteoporosis have a significantly better quality of life than patients who do not perform exercises.
L-NAME-induced Preeclampsia: correction of functional disorders of the hemostasis system with Resveratrol and Nicorandil
Authors: Stupakova Elena G. , Lazareva Galina A. , Gureev Vladimir V. , Dolzhikova Irina N. , Zhilinkova Lyudmila A. , Gureeva Anastasia 
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Preeclampsia is a formidable disease of the second half of pregnancy, leading to severe complications, including disability and even death. Many authors have recognized the correlation between the severity of preeclampsia and the degree of disturbances in the hemostasis system. In this regard, the objective of this study was to assess inhibition of platelet aggregation and the possibility of its correction with resverаtrol and nicorandil.
Materials and methods. The study was performed on 250 mature white Wistar female rats weighing 250–300 g. The platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, ristomycin, adrenaline was determined, as well as PTT, TT, aPTT, fibrinogen, and the clotting time.
Results and discussion. Introduction of resverаtrol and nicorandil resulted in a decrease in thrombocyte aggregation capacity from 53.8 ± 2.60% to 22.1 ± 1.25% and 37.1 ± 1.79%, respectively, when using ADP as an inducer. The clotting time was from 841 ± 42 s up to 1135 ± 33 s and 1034 ± 26 s, respectively. In addition, there was an increase intemporal parameters of plasma-coagulation hemostasis and a decrease in plasma fibrinogen content. The use of gliben-clamide resulted in partial cancellation of the positive effects of resverаtrol and nicorandil, with an increase in platelet aggregation to 28.9 ± 1.8% and 43.9 ± 1.2% when using ADP as an inducer and a decrease in the thrombosis time to 988 ± 26 s and 950 ± 22 s, respectively.
Conclusion. In animals with experimental preeclampsia, there were disturbances in the hemostasis system, comparable to those in the clinical situation. The use of resverаtrol and nicorandil leads to a pronounced correction of hemostasis parameters. The positive effects of the studied pharmacological agents are mediated by several mechanisms, including K+ATP channels.K+ATP channels.
Vaccination with a Single-Cycle Respiratory Syncytial Virus Is Immunogenic and Protective in Mice
Authors: Schmidt Megan E. , Oomens Antonius G. P. , Varga Steven M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, but no vaccine is currently available. Live-attenuated vaccines represent an attractive immunization approach; however, balancing attenuation while retaining sufficient immunogenicity and efficacy has prevented the successful development of such a vaccine. Recently, a recombinant RSV strain lacking the gene that encodes the matrix (M) protein (RSV M-null) was developed. The M protein is required for virion assembly following infection of a host cell but is not necessary for either genome replication or gene expression. Therefore, infection with RSV M-null produces all viral proteins except M but does not generate infectious virus progeny, resulting in a single-cycle infection. We evaluated RSV M-null as a potential vaccine candidate by determining its pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and protective capacity in BALB/c mice compared with its recombinant wild-type control virus (RSV recWT). RSV M-null–infected mice exhibited significantly reduced lung viral titers, weight loss, and pulmonary dysfunction compared with mice infected with RSV recWT. Despite its attenuation, RSV M-null infection induced robust immune responses of similar magnitude to that elicited by RSV recWT. Additionally, RSV M-null infection generated serum Ab and memory T cell responses that were similar to those induced by RSV recWT. Importantly, RSV M-null immunization provided protection against secondary viral challenge by reducing lung viral titers as efficiently as immunization with RSV recWT. Overall, our results indicate that RSV M-null combines attenuation with high immunogenicity and efficacy and represents a promising novel live-attenuated RSV vaccine candidate.
US Motor-Carrier Exit: Prevalence and Determinants
Authors: Guntuka Laharish , Corsi Thomas M. , Grimm Curtis M. , Cantor David E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to first determine the current incidence of exit from the United States' motor-carrier industry. Second, we develop and test an econometric model of the determinants of motor-carrier exit. Using recent data derived from the Motor Carrier Management Information System database, we find that motor-carrier exit continues to be quite prevalent. This study also finds that motor-carrier crash rates are positively associated with the likelihood of exit from the industry, while fleet size and number of commodity segments handled by motor carriers are negatively associated with a carrier's likelihood of exit. Study findings also suggest that for-hire carriers are more likely to exit, and carriers handling hazardous materials are less likely to exit from the motor-carrier industry. The article discusses these findings, including managerial and public policy implications.
The Relationship between Leadership Strengths and Job Performance of Fleet Managers
Authors: Johnston Ahren , Kent John L. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
While personality testing has been used extensively in pre-employment screening, authors have noted the possibility of these tools introducing bias into the employment process and potentially violating the Americans with Disabilities Act and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. An alternative pre-employment screening using Clifton StrengthsFinder® Assessment top five leadership traits is tested to see if there is a relationship between the results and on-the-job performance for existing fleet managers of a large trucking firm. Results of the study reveal that there is a correlation between certain top five leadership traits and several measures of fleet manager performance used by their employer for evaluation.
Dynamic time warping assessment and sensitive high resolution melting analysis for subtyping Salmonella isolates from the Northern Thailand
Authors: Wisittipanit Nuttachat , Pulsrikarn Chaiwat , Wutthiosot Saranya , Pinmongkhonkul Sitthisak , Poonchareon Kritchai 
Published: April 2019

Background: Nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. transmitted through various routes are a major concern of food poisoning due to the consumption of contaminated food.
Objective: To establish a molecular-based protocol for simple and rapid subtyping of Salmonella isolates from various sources.
Materials and methods: Sensitive High-Resolution Melting-curve analysis (S-HRMa) and Dynamic Time Warping assessment (DTW) were applied for serotyping forty Salmonella spp. isolates from various origins and locations in seven provinces in the north of Thailand; the results were compared to those from conventional serotyping and ERIC- PCR.
Results: HRM serotyping of forty Salmonella spp. initially produced fourteen melting-curves with two predominant clusters: C1 (n=18) and C2 (n=9). Applying S-HRMa and serogroups generated twenty-five sensitive clusters. Conventional serotyping revealed that cluster C1 and C2 comprised of six different Salmonella serotypes with S. Weltevradent (n=14) as the predominant one. The S-HRMa also suggested the possible subtyping in some serotypes. In addition, DTW was performed to cluster those forty Salmonella spp. into twenty-eight clusters, assigned into different four clades corresponding to S-HRMa. The two clustering methods indicated that the S. Weltevreden was the predominant subtype (DTW4-S1, n=6). Three ERIC clusters at 92% similarity index also corresponded to the results of those two clustering methods. With important and related epidemiological data, S. Derby and S. Monophasic were suggested to be related to the slaughterhouse and swine. In this study, the ERIC cluster 10 comprising two Salmonella isolates of S. Weltevraden suggested the transmission route was likely to be farm-to-farm in the same province.
Conclusions: The DTW assessment and S-HRMa effectively increased the discrimatory power of clustering to the same level as that of ERIC - PCR and were a simple and rapid protocol to perform Salmonella subtyping for the epidemiological research.
The newly described Araguaian river dolphins,Inia araguaiaensis(Cetartiodactyla, Iniidae), produce a diverse repertoire of acoustic signals
Authors: Melo-Santos Gabriel , Figueiredo Rodrigues Angélica Lúcia , Tardin Rodrigo Hipólito , de Sá Maciel Israel , Marmontel Miriam , Da Silva Maria Luisa , May-Collado Laura Johanna 
Published: April 2019

The recent discovery of the Araguaian river dolphin (Inia araguaiaensis) highlights how little we know about the diversity and biology of river dolphins. In this study, we described the acoustic repertoire of this newly discovered species in concert with their behaviour. We analysed frequency contours of 727 signals (sampled at 10 ms temporal resolution). These contours were analyzed using an adaptive resonance theory neural network combined with dynamic time-warping (ARTwarp). Using a critical similarity value of 96%, frequency contours were categorized into 237 sound-types. The most common types were emitted when calves were present suggesting a key role in mother-calf communication. Our findings show that the acoustic repertoire of river dolphins is far from simple. Furthermore, the calls described here are similar in acoustic structure to those produced by social delphinids, such as orcas and pilot whales. Uncovering the context in which these signals are produced may help understand the social structure of this species and contribute to our understanding of the evolution of acoustic communication in whales.
Physiological responses ofOxyrrhis marinato a diet of virally infectedEmiliania huxleyi
Authors: Goode Andrew G. , Fields David M. , Archer Stephen D. , Martínez Martínez Joaquín 
Published: April 2019

The coccolithophoreEmiliania huxleyiforms some of the largest phytoplankton blooms in the ocean. The rapid demise of these blooms has been linked to viral infections.E. huxleyiabundance, distribution, and nutritional status make them an important food source for the heterotrophic protists which are classified as microzooplankton in marine food webs. In this study we investigated the fate ofE. huxleyi(CCMP 374) infected with virus strain EhV-86 in a simple predator-prey interaction. The ingestion rates ofOxyrrhis marinawere significantly lower (between 26.9 and 50.4%) when fed virus-infectedE. huxleyicells compared to non-infected cells. Despite the lower ingestion rates,O. marinashowed significantly higher growth rates (between 30 and 91.3%) when fed infectedE. huxleyicells, suggesting higher nutritional value and/or greater assimilation of infectedE. huxleyicells. No significant differences were found inO. marinacell volumes or fatty acids profiles. These results show that virally infectedE. huxleyisupport higher growth rates of single celled heterotrophs and in addition to the “viral shunt” hypothesis, viral infections may also divert more carbon to mesozooplankton grazers.