bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Resolution and Recurrence of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in People With HIV
Authors: Zhang Joy C. , Geba Maria C. , Newberry Yvonne , Quass-Ferdinand Laura , Thomas Tania A. , Hoang Sook 
Published: November 2024

Objective
High-resolution anoscopy (HRA) with ablation of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) can prevent the development of anal cancer in people with HIV (PWH). We sought to characterize factors associated with successful HSIL resolution or local or metachronous recurrence.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of 62 PWH who underwent HRAs from December 1, 2017 to July 1, 2022. Participants were ≥30 years old with ≥2 HRAs and ≥1 HSIL lesions. Poisson and logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with HSIL resolution and local or metachronous recurrence of HSIL.

Results
Of 62 PWH, 85.5% had resolution of at least 1 HSIL. Undergoing ≥5 HRAs with thermoablation was associated with HSIL resolution (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 2.82) (confidence interval [CI] = 1.55–5.15), p < .001). Tobacco use was negatively associated with resolution (aRR = 0.62 (CI = 0.43–0.90), p = .01). Of this cohort, 58.1% had HSIL recurrence. Having more HRAs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.77 (CI = 1.27–6.06), p = .01) and female sex (aOR = 9.66 (CI = 1.14–81.85), p = .04) were associated with recurrence. Non-White race was negatively associated with recurrence (aOR = 0.12 (CI = 0.02–0.68), p = .04). Our study was primarily limited by its retrospective nature and small sample size.

Conclusion
Our study supports the utility of HRA/ablation for HSIL treatment with >85% of participants experiencing resolution of at least 1 HSIL. We found that having more HRAs was associated with a higher likelihood of resolution. However, the high rate of recurrence and progression to HSIL highlights the need for continued surveillance after treatment.
Recompensation features and prognosis in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients
Authors: Zhang Junchao , Lin Yehong , Zhu Yueyong 
Published: November 2024

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of recompensation in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).

Methods
A total of 136 patients with HBV-related ACLF were followed up until the end of the study. Patients were categorized into recompensation and non-recompensation groups based on whether recompensation occurred in the first year. The survival rate and incidence of recompensation were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
According to the BAVENO VII consensus criteria, 56 (41.18%) of these patients with ACLF regained recompensation in the 1-year follow-up. The recompensated group had less severe liver damage, higher alpha-fetoprotein, lower age, and lower model for end-stage liver disease score. Specifically, in terms of complications, the recompensated group showed a lower incidence compared with the non-recompensated group (P < 0.05). The 3-, 6-, 12-, 36-, and 60-month cumulative survival rates of ACLF were 44.9, 43.4, 43.4, 40.4, and 40.4% respectively. Among the patients who survived beyond 90 days, 57/61 (93.44%) patients showed recompensation of ACLF (with one patient recovering to recompensation after more than 1 year of follow-up), the 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month cumulative recompensation rates were 56.5, 90.9, 94.6, and 97.3%, respectively. Among the 57 patients with recompensation of ACLF, 87.7% maintained a stable condition, and 10.5% were diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Conclusion
Milder necrosis, less inflammation, and more vigorous hepatic regeneration are conducive to recompensation and a better long-term prognosis in ACLF. However, the occurrence of HCC cannot be avoided and regular monitoring is necessary in the recompensation of ACLF.
Leveraging Narrative Reflective Writing to Teach Nursing Students About Social Determinants of Health by Harnessing “Small Moments”
Authors: Kaligotla Lalita , Bhat Shankar , Chicas Roxana , Irish Jasmine , McDermott Carrie , Chance-Revels Rebekah 
Published: November 2024

Background:
There is increasing recognition that social determinants of health (SDOH) profoundly affect health outcomes. Frontline nurses must grasp how SDOH shape health disparities and inequities.

Purpose:
This paper describes an innovative pedagogical approach that leverages didactic, experiential, and reflective methods, specifically a “small moments” writing activity, to enhance students’ understanding of SDOH.

Methods:
Nursing students (n = 135) from a southeastern U.S. university participated in the activity, and 72 provided consent for inclusion in this analysis. Themes related to students’ understanding of SDOH were identified, and implications for nursing practice were considered.

Results:
This integrative approach deepened students’ understanding of SDOH. Narratives highlighted economic instability, cultural barriers, and systemic inequities as drivers of health disparities. Students described greater awareness, empathy, and culturally competent care.

Conclusion:
Student narratives showed evidence of critical thinking, empathy, and advocacy, crucial skills for addressing health disparities.
A Pilot Study of a Simulation-Based Mastery Learning Procedural Curriculum for Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellows
Authors: Mitzman Jennifer , Reynolds Maegan , Panchal Ashish , Yee Jennifer 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows are expected to perform high-risk procedures across a wide range of patient age, size, and physiology including procedures that are no longer required during pediatric residency training. Examples include central venous catheter (CVC) placement, endotracheal intubation of children and adolescents, and tube thoracostomy placement. Simulation-based mastery learning has demonstrated decreased patient morbidity. In this study, we describe implementation of a simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) procedural curriculum for PEM fellows.

Methods
Our PEM fellows underwent an SBML procedural curriculum for lumbar puncture (LP), CVC placement, endotracheal intubation, and tube thoracostomy placement. These procedures are mandatory for fellows to learn, have known association with potential iatrogenic injury, and are widely available commercial task trainers. Fellows underwent baseline assessments, group demonstration, deliberate practice, and then postassessments. For both pre- and postassessments, we used internally developed checklists with minimum passing scores (MPSs) calculated by the Mastery-Angoff technique.

Results
Nineteen pediatrics residency-trained PEM fellows underwent this curriculum over a 2-year period. Six fellows (31.58%) achieved the MPS on all four procedures during their first posttest attempt. All fellows achieved the MPS on all four procedures by the second posttest attempt. Most fellows (17/19 or 89.47%) did not achieve the MPS on baseline LP assessments, despite inclusion of this procedure as an Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirement during their pediatric residency training.

Conclusions
All participating PEM fellows demonstrated competency after training on four procedures associated with iatrogenic injuries. Using an SBML framework is a feasible method to teach procedural skills to PEM fellows, allowing them to demonstrate objective measures of competency in the simulation laboratory.
Use of nonbarrier contraceptives among women with HIV
Authors: Paulsen Fie W. , Tetens Malte M. , Gerstoft Jan , Kronborg Gitte , Johansen Isik S. , Larsen Carsten S. , Wiese Lothar , Dalager-Pedersen Michael , Lunding Suzanne , Nielsen Lars N. , Pinborg Anja B. , Weis Nina , Omland Lars H. , Obel Niels , Lebech Anne-Mette 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of nonbarrier contraceptives among women with HIV (WWH) compared to women from the general population (WGP) in Denmark.

Design:
A nationwide, population-based, matched cohort study.

Methods:
We included WWH aged 16–50 years, treated at an HIV specialized clinic, and included in The Danish HIV Cohort Study between 1995 and 2021 and an age-matched comparison cohort of WGP. We examined use of hormonal contraception, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and sterilization from 10 years before to 20 years after study inclusion. Additionally, we calculated age-standardized proportions and incidences over calendar time.

Results:
We included 1720 WWH and 17 720 WGP. Median age was 33 years and almost half of WWH had African origin (41%). Nonbarrier contraceptive use was lower among WWH (8.5%) compared to WGP (32.1%) at study inclusion. Before and after inclusion, WWH had nearly half the nonbarrier contraceptive use of WGP, with notably lower hormonal contraception and IUD use. Initially, fewer WWH were sterilized, but 5 years after inclusion, sterilization became the preferred method among WWH. HC use increased among WWH after 2010 but decreased among WGP after 2005. IUD use increased among both groups during 1995–2021 but remained lower among WWH. Incidence of sterilizations remained stable in both groups.

Conclusion:
Use of nonbarrier contraceptives was lower among WWH compared to WGP. For WWH, sterilization became the preferred nonbarrier method few years after study inclusion. hormonal contraception and IUD use increased among WWH after 2010 but remained lower than for WGP. Improved contraceptive counseling is recommended to support reproductive health among WWH.
Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Head With Intense [68Ga]OncoFAP Uptake
Authors: Ventura David , Ernst Iris , Timma Barbara , Schäfers Michael , Backhaus Philipp 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A 72-year-old man with advanced locally invasive basal cell carcinoma of the forehead failed several pretreatments including surgery and radiation. MRI was not feasible because of the presence of facial implants. CT scan did not provide clear evidence of vital/avital tumor sites as a result of slow progression and previous radiation treatments. Due to limited treatment options, the patient underwent evaluation with 68Ga-OncoFAP PET/CT for potential stereotactic body radiation therapy. We present a rare case of advanced and metastasized basal cell carcinoma with vigorous FAP (fibroblast activation protein) expression.
Pediatric Solitary Epithelioid Histiocytoma of the Face
Authors: Yuksel Selcen S. , North Paula E. , Y.K. Lin Kant 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Solitary epithelioid histiocytoma, also known as reticulohistiocytoma, is a rare benign histiocytic proliferation with an unreported incidence that commonly presents as a superficial nodule involving the trunk and extremities of adults. Pathology shows dermal histiocytic infiltration composed of large, eosinophilic histiocytes with “glassy” cytoplasm and oncocytic macrophages. When presenting as part of a systemic disorder, it is called multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, a rare and more aggressive condition characterized by multiple skin and mucosal lesions and arthritis.

Clinical Case:
A 5-year-old African American male patient presented to the pediatric plastic surgery clinic with a lesion of his lower lip 3 months after its initial appearance. Ultrasound identified a hypoechoic heterogenous nodule with increased vascularity. The lesion was excised in the operating room. Pathology revealed a highly cellular nodular proliferation of large epithelioid histiocytes with abundant glassy, lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm and mildly pleomorphic, generally eccentric, round-to-elongated nuclei. The large epithelioid cells were strongly and consistently positive for CD163 and CD68. The diagnosis was determined to be a benign histiocytic proliferation most consistent with solitary epithelioid histiocytoma. At 2-week and 2-month follow-up, the area was healing well and there was no evidence of recurrence.

Conclusion:
This is an unusual presentation of a rare but benign histiocytic proliferation on the face of a young child. When pediatric patients are referred to a plastic surgery clinic for excisional biopsy of facial lesions, it is important to be aware of the broad range of differential diagnoses, including histiocytic proliferations, to treat the patient appropriately.
Clinical Utility and Safety of an Ultrasonic Head Stimulator in Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Authors: Manabe Yuta 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The potential of Ultra-Ma, an ultrasonic head stimulator, for the supplementary treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) was evaluated in patients with various symptoms under poor control by drug therapy.

Methods:
Patients with DLB treated with choline esterase inhibitor or L-DOPA, either alone or in combination, and who met inclusion criteria were enrolled. Four weeks of placebo stimulation was followed by 8 weeks of active ultrasonic stimulation and a 4-week follow-up. Primary endpoints were the effects of ultrasonic head stimulation on both cognitive dysfunction and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Cognitive dysfunction was evaluated using the Japanese versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and BPSD was assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Brief Questionnaire Form. For cognitive fluctuations, the Cognitive Fluctuation Inventory served as an index. Improvements in parkinsonism, activities of daily living, and caregiver burden were examined as secondary endpoints.

Results:
Twelve patients were enrolled. The primary endpoint was significantly improved during the active stimulation period, as were secondary endpoint ratings for parkinsonism and caregiver burden. No notable adverse events occurred.

Conclusions:
The findings suggest that ultrasonic head stimulation has supplementary potential when combined with drug treatment in DLB.
Efficacy of Minocycline in Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Hua , Zou Zhuan , Chen Bin 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Traditional antidepressant therapy is associated with an inadequate response and a low remission rate. Our aim was to synthesize published randomized controlled trials on the potential effects of minocycline in patients with depression.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published. Randomized controlled trials published in English that evaluated the efficacy of minocycline in patients with depression were selected for inclusion. Changes from baseline in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) or Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were pooled to determine the antidepressant effect of minocycline compared with placebo. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.

Results
Eight trials with 567 participants were eligible and included in the analysis. The meta-analysis did not reveal a statistically significant effect of minocycline on depression based on HDRS or MADRS scores.

Conclusions
According to the HDRS and MADRS scores, minocycline did not demonstrate effectiveness in reducing depressive symptoms.
Intravenous Ketamine to Facilitate Transport of Agitated Patients to the ECT Clinic
Authors: Dean Olivia , Byford-Brooks Anthony , Hannigan Kara , Saunders Danielle , Gamble William , Kirov George 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be effective for a variety of psychiatric conditions, including for some patients who are very psychotic or agitated. Transferring such patients from the psychiatric ward to the ECT clinic can pose significant challenges for treating teams, as they try to minimize the use of restraint.

Methods
We developed a protocol for safe transfer of such patients using sedation with ketamine. An intravenous cannula is inserted on the ward in a low stimulus environment with gentle supportive holds. Intravenous ketamine is given in a bolus at 0.5–2.0 mg/kg. The patient is transported on a transfer bed to the ECT clinic within a few minutes, and usual ECT process is immediately followed.

Results
We describe 6 patients who were given between 1 and 11 ECT treatments using this method. All of them finished ECT courses without the need for ketamine sedation. Five of them regained capacity, provided informed consent for further ECTs, and eventually reached remission.

Conclusions
Ketamine can be used to manage risk and transfer agitated patients to an ECT clinic for treatment.
The Late-Stage Steps ofBurkholderia cenocepaciaProteinO-Linked Glycan Biosynthesis Are Conditionally Essential
Authors: Jebeli Leila , McDaniels Taylor A. , Ho Duncan T. T. , Tahir Hamza , Kai-Ming Nicholas L. , Mcgaw Molli , Karlic Kristian I. , Lewis Jessica M. , Scott Nichollas E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPeriplasmicO-linked protein glycosylation is a highly conserved process observed across theBurkholderiagenus. Within Burkholderia, protein glycosylation requires the five gene cluster known as theO-glycosylationcluster (OGC,ogcXABEI) which facilitates the construction of theO-linked trisaccharide attached to periplasmic proteins. Previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding the essentiality ofogcA, predicted to be responsible for the addition of the final carbohydrate of theO-linked trisaccharide andogcX,the putativeO-linked glycan flippase. Within this work, we aimed to dissect the impact of the loss ofogcAandogcXonBurkholderia cenocepaciaviability. We demonstrate that the loss of eitherogcAorogcXare detrimental if glycosylation is initiated leading to marked phenotypic effects. Proteomic analysis supports that the loss ofogcA/ogcXboth blocks glycosylation and drives pleotropic effects in the membrane proteome, resulting in the loss of membrane integrity. Consistent with this, strains lackingogcAandogcXexhibit increased sensitivity to membrane stressors including antibiotics and demonstrate marked changes in membrane permeability. These effects are consistent with fouling of the undecaprenyl pool due to dead-endO-linked glycan intermediates, and consistent with this, we show that modulation of the undecaprenyl pool through the overexpression of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UppS) or the OGC flippase (OgcX) restores viability while expression of early-stage OGC biosynthesis genes (ogcIandogcB) reduceB. cenocepaciaviability. These findings demonstrate disruptingO-linked glycan biosynthesis or transport appears to dramatically impactB. cenocepaciaviability, supporting the assignment ofogcAandogcXas conditionally essential.ImportanceProtein glycosylation, a conserved process inBurkholderiaspecies, utilizes glycans generated by theO-glycosylation cluster (OGC), which is composed of five genes (ogcX, ogcA,ogcB,ogcE, andogcI). In this study, we demonstrate that the loss ofogcAorogcXsignificantly affects the physiology ofBurkholderia cenocepacia. Using complementary genetic approaches and proteomic techniques, we show that the loss ofogcAorogcXblocks glycosylation, alters the cell membrane, and sensitizes cells to stressors such as antibiotics. This increased sensitivity to membrane stress is consistent with the accumulation of dead-endO-linked glycan intermediates, which sequester the limited and essential undecaprenyl pool withinB. cenocepacia. These findings highlight thatogcAandogcXare conditionally essential forB. cenocepaciasurvival and provides mechanistic insight into how protein glycosylation fidelity—the use of specific glycans for protein glycosylation—is controlled inBurkholderiaspecies.
An integrative approach prioritizes the orphan GPR61 genomic region in tissue-specific regulation of chronotype
Authors: Tchio Cynthia , Williams Jonathan , Taylor Herman , Ollila Hanna , Saxena Richa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesChronotype, a manifestation of circadian rhythms, affects morning or evening preferences and ease of getting-up. This study explores the genetic basis of morning chronotype and ease of getting-up, focusing on the G protein-coupled receptor locus, GPR61.MethodsWe analyzed the genetic correlation between chronotype and ease of getting-up using linkage disequilibrium score regression with summary statistics from the UK Biobank (n=453,379). We prioritized shared signals between chronotype and ease of getting-up using the Human Genetic Evidence (HuGE) score. We assessed the significance of GPR61 and the lead variant rs12044778 through colocalization andin-silicoanalyses from ENCODE, Genotype-Tissue Expression, Hi-C, and Knockout Mouse Project databases to explore potential regulatory roles of causal genes.ResultsWe identified a strong genetic correlation (Rg=0.80, P=4.9 x10324) between chronotype and ease of getting-up. Twenty-three genes, including three circadian core clock components, had high HuGE scores for both traits. Lead variant rs12044778 inGPR61was prioritized for its high HuGE score (45) and causal pleiotropy (posterior probability=0.98). This morningness variant influenced gene expression in key tissues: decreasingGPR61in tibial nerve, increasingAMIGO1in subcutaneous adipose, and increasingATXN7L2in the cerebellum. Functional knockout models showedGPR61knockout increased fat mass and activity,AMIGO1knockout increased activity, andATXN7L2knockout reduced body weight without affecting activity.ConclusionsOur findings reveal pleiotropic genetic factors influencing chronotype and ease of getting-up, emphasizingGPR61’s rs12044778 and nearby genes likeAMIGO1andATXN7L2. These insights advance understanding of circadian preferences and suggest potential therapeutic interventions.SIGNIFICANCEThis study investigates the genetic underpinnings of chronotype preferences and ease of getting up, with a focus on the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR61 and the locus lead variant rs12044778. By combining genomic data within silicofunctional analysis, we provide mechanistic insight into a locus for morning chronotype and ease of getting in the morning. We identified the variant rs12044778 as a key regulator ofGPR61and nearby genesAMIGO1andATXN7L2influencing circadian and metabolic traits. Our findings shed light on the intricate genetic networks governing circadian rhythms, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for disorders of the circadian rhythm.
Ustilago maydisdisrupts carbohydrate signaling networks to induce hypertrophy in host cells
Authors: Lee Yoon Joo , Stolze Sara Christina , Saridis Georgios , Ebert Malaika K. , Nakagami Hirofumi , Doehlemann Gunther 
Published: November 2024

SummaryUstilago maydisis a biotrophic fungus infecting maize, secreting effector proteins to manipulate host cellular processes and create nutrient-rich environments for its growth. Three effectors, Hap1-3 (hypertrophy-associated proteins), were identified as virulence factors promoting hypertrophic mesophyll tumor cells (HTT). Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry revealed interactions among Hap effectors, suggesting potential effector complex formation. CRISPR-Cas9 triple knockout of hap1-3 demonstrated Hap1’s role in HTT formation. Infection assays identified Hap1 as a key virulence factor interacting with maize Snf1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1), a central energy regulator. RNA-seq analysis showed that Hap1 promotes cell cycle and starch biosynthesis genes, while CR-hap1induced defense-related WRKY transcription factors. Phosphoproteomics revealed increased phosphorylation of SnRK1 and metabolic enzymes during SG200 infection. Our findings support a model whereU. maydisinduces hypertrophy through Hap1, targeting the SnRK1α subunit to prevent SnRK1 inhibition by high trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P), disrupting the antagonistic relationship between T6P and SnRK1. This reprograms host transcription to enhance starch metabolism and induce endoreduplication, leading to hypertrophy induction, while suppressing sugar-induced immune signaling.