bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV and Viremia Prevalence in Nonmigrating Members of Migrant Households in Southern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study
Authors: Young Ruth , Ssekasanvu Joseph , Kagaayi Joseph , Ssekubugu Robert , Kigozi Godfrey , Reynolds Steven J. , Nonyane Bareng A. S. , Chang Larry W. , Kennedy Caitlin E. , Paina Ligia , Anglewicz Philip A. , Quinn Thomas C. , Serwadda David , Nalugoda Fred , Grabowski M. K. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
In Africa, migrants are more likely to be living with HIV and HIV viremic than nonmigrants, but less is known about HIV outcomes among nonmigrants living in households with migrants. We compared HIV outcomes in nonmigrating persons in households with and without migration.

Methods:
We analyzed cross-sectional data collected between August 2016 and May 2018 from nonmigrating participants aged 15–49 years in the Rakai Community Cohort Study in Uganda. Migrant households were classified as those reporting ≥1 member moving into or out of the household since the prior survey. HIV serostatus was determined using a validated testing algorithm, and viremia defined as >1000 copies/mL. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios between household migration and HIV outcomes. Analyses were stratified by gender, direction of migration (into/out of household), and relationship between nonmigrants and migrants (eg, spouse).

Results:
There were 14,599 nonmigrants (52% women) and 4415 (30%) lived in a household with ≥1 migrant. Of these, 972 (22%) had migrant spouses, 1102 (25%) migrant children, and 875 (20%) migrant siblings. Overall, HIV prevalence and viremia did not differ between nonmigrants in households with and without migration. However, in stratified analyses, nonmigrant women with migrant spouses were significantly more likely to be HIV seropositive compared with nonmigrant women with nonmigrant spouses [adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.21 to 1.71]. Conversely, nonmigrant mothers living with HIV who had migrant children were less likely to be viremic (adjusted prevalence ratio: 0.34, 95% confidence interval: 0.13 to 0.86).

Conclusions:
Nonmigrating women with migrating spouses are more likely be living with HIV, and may benefit from additional HIV support services.
Differences in Utilization of Preventive Services for Primary Care Clinicians Participating in MIPS and ACOs
Authors: Shrestha Mina , Sharma Hari , Mueller Keith J. 
Published: October 2024

Background and Objective:
Value-based payment programs link payments to the performance of providers on cost and quality of care to incentivize high-value care. To improve quality and lower costs, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented the Quality Payment Program (QPP) for clinicians in 2017. Under the Medicare QPP, most eligible clinicians participate in one of the payment models: (a) Advanced Alternative Payment Models (A-APMs) through eligible APMs like Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) or (b) the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS). ACO and MIPS clinicians participating in QPP differ in quality reporting requirements, and these differences are likely to affect the utilization of different quality measures, including preventive services. This study evaluated the differences in the utilization of preventive services by primary care clinicians participating in MIPS and ACOs.

Methods:
We use difference-in-difference regressions to compare preventive services in MIPS versus ACOs. Since preventive services like immunization and certain cancer screening are mandatory reporting measures for ACOs and voluntary measures for MIPS, the treatment group for this study is ACO clinicians and the comparison group is non-ACO MIPS clinicians. We obtained the rates of influenza immunization, pneumonia vaccination, tobacco use cessation intervention, depression screening, colorectal cancer screening, breast cancer screening, and wellness visits per 10 000 Medicare beneficiaries from Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Public Use File (2012-2018).

Results:
We had 508 144 total observations (ACO = 25.78% and MIPS = 74.22%) from 72 592 unique primary care clinicians. Compared to MIPS clinicians, ACO clinicians had significantly higher rates of pneumonia vaccination (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.43) but lower rates of colorectal cancer screening (IRR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.96). Similarly, clinicians in ACO shared savings-only models had significantly higher rates of pneumonia vaccination (IRR 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11-1.48), depression screening (IRR 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09-2.71), and wellness visits (IRR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09-1.47) compared to MIPS clinicians. There were no differences between ACO and MIPS clinicians on the utilization of breast cancer screening procedures and tobacco use cessation interventions.

Conclusions:
ACO clinicians may have prioritized relatively low-cost services such as pneumonia vaccination, depression screening, and wellness visits to improve their performance under QPP. Policymakers may need to alter incentives in performance-based payment programs to ensure that clinicians are improving all types of quality measures, including cancer screening.
Paraneoplastic Proliferative Myositis on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wakankar Ritwik , Bal Jaspriya , Dougall Pankaj 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present a rare and never-before-reported case of paraneoplastic proliferative myositis that was incidentally detected in a 42-year-old man who had been receiving systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy for classic Hodgkin lymphoma. We highlight his 18F-FDG PET/CT findings and its utility in helping to diagnose this condition, avoiding unnecessary surgical resection and the added costs associated with it.
A Rare Case of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia Due to Mesenchymal Tumor at Foramen Magnum Diagnosed Preoperatively on 68Ga DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Mouli Chandra , Lila Anurag , Gondhane Abhay , Malhotra Gaurav , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A 42-year-old man, a known case of FGF23-dependent hypophosphatemia, underwent 68Ga- DOTATATE PET-CT, which showed a somatostatin receptor–expressing lesion in the left arch of foramen magnum that was correlated on MRI as a soft tissue lesion measuring 2.2 × 1.3 cm. It was excised and histopathologically confirmed as phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor. Postoperatively, patient improved clinically and recovered from hypophosphatemia completely. A distinct focal uptake in a 68Ga- DOTATATE PET-CT in a patient with tumor-induced osteomalacia needs extensive workup and high degree of suspicion to rule out mesenchymal tumor at nonconventional location as seen in the present case.
Improvement in Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptoms Following Lipedema Liposuction
Authors: Karri Vasu 
Published: October 2024

Background
Lipedema is a chronic fat disorder characterized by disproportionate fat deposition in the lower limbs, leading to pain, mobility issues and reduced health related quality of life (HRQoL).
There is growing evidence that liposuction of the excess fat not only reduces soft tissue pain but also improves HRQoL. The published data, however, remain limited, and there are no studies of liposuction in the UK lipedema population. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of liposuction on HRQoL and symptoms in UK lipedema patients using 2 HRQoL instruments and a Lipedema Symptom Scale.

Patient and Methods
Lipedema patients undergoing liposuction between January 2016 and December 2021 completed Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF), and 17-question Lipedema Symptom Scale preoperatively and postoperatively. Paired t test was used to compare the preoperative and postoperative mean scores of the different domains of the SF-36 and WHOQOL-BREF and preoperative and postoperative mean scores for the lipedema symptom scale. Paired t test was also used to compare preoperative and postoperative SF-36 scores to age-matched normative data for the English population to assess the extent of HRQoL improvement relative to the general population.

Results
Seventy-six women were included in the study with a mean age of 46.4 ± 12 years. Mean follow-up (interval between first liposuction surgery and postoperative completion of the instruments) was 25.3 ± 23.2 months. There was significant improvement in all SF-36 and WHOQOL-BREF domains postoperatively (P < 0.001). Compared with age-matched normative data, postoperative SF-36 scores remained lower in physical functioning, social functioning, and general health. Postoperative results also showed a highly significant improvement (P < 0.001) across all 17 items of the Lipedema Symptom Scale.

Conclusion
This longitudinal study indicates liposuction is an effective treatment for improving HRQoL and symptoms in lipedema patients, although it may not completely restore HRQoL to normative levels. Limitations include potential selection bias, sampling bias, and the need for longer follow-up. The findings support liposuction as a first-line treatment for lipedema and could inform decision-making for both patients and policymakers.
Perfusate Biomarkers of DCD Cardiac Graft Quality Identified With Proteomics: Studies in an Isolated Rat Heart Model
Authors: Clavier Alexia , Arnold Maria , Segiser Adrian , Méndez-Carmona Natalia , Wyss Rahel , Heller Manfred , Uldry Anne-Christine , Siepe Matthias , Longnus Sarah 
Published: October 2024

Background.
Heart transplantation with donation after circulatory death (DCD) enhances cardiac graft availability, but exposes hearts to potentially damaging conditions, such as warm ischemia. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), used for graft transportation, allows biomarker determination in perfusate. Using our isolated, rat heart model of DCD, we evaluated potent.

Methods.
Isolated, perfused adult male Wistar rat hearts (n = 5/group) underwent different warm ischemic durations to simulate DCD, followed by reperfusion to simulate NMP. Perfusate samples were collected after 10 min reperfusion, and proteins were analyzed using mass spectrometry. Cardiac recovery was evaluated after 60 min reperfusion. The relationship between perfusate proteins and cardiac recovery was investigated.

Results.
Cardiac recovery decreased with increasing ischemic duration. Principal component analysis of perfusate proteins demonstrated segregation by ischemic group. Several proteins demonstrated an On-Off pattern, and correlated with key outcome measurements. Other proteins were released by all hearts and were confirmed as predictors of cardiac recovery, for example, heat shock protein 70 and valosin-containing protein (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.962–0.968, respectively; P < 0.05 for all). Additionally, proteins such as glycogen phosphorylase, muscle associated (AUC = 0.9632; P < 0.05) showed potential as novel biomarkers for evaluating cardiac graft quality, unlike lactate release after 10 min of reperfusion (AUC = 0.60).

Conclusions.
Multiple perfusate proteins, such as heat shock protein 70, valosin-containing protein, or glycogen phosphorylase, muscle associated, released during early reperfusion are promising as biomarkers for assessing graft quality during NMP. Perfusate proteins, as biomarkers, offer the possibility of both rapid immune detection and out-of-hospital implementation, and may provide valuable information about graft quality, especially when profiled with serial sampling during NMP.
Exploring Outcomes and Engagement Patterns of Hypertensive Patients: An Observational Analysis of the Withings Remote Patient Monitoring Program
Authors: Letzelter Philomène , Vittrant Benjamin , Tunis Rachel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is a health issue that affects more than one billion people worldwide and can lead to severe health complications. If untreated, hypertensive crises can occur, which are medical emergencies that require immediate care. Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) offers a transformative approach to managing hypertension by enabling continuous collection and analysis of blood pressure (BP) data. Our study focuses on Withings’ RPM system and analyzes the outcomes and engagement patterns of patients using RPM for hypertension management.MethodsThe study comprises 1,873 patients over 6 months who followed an RPM program and used Withings Blood Pressure Monitors. Data was analyzed using Python and R. The analysis examines patients’ systolic and diastolic BP over time as well as the frequency of measurements that patients took using the RPM system.ResultsThe study reveals that patients who consistently followed the program experienced significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic BP levels. Statistically significant reductions in SBP were observed in users with higher grades of hypertension over six months. The percentage of users experiencing hypertensive crises was reduced from more than 8% to less than 3% over 24 weeks. More frequent engagement with the RPM program was associated with greater BP reductions.ConclusionThese findings highlight the potential of RPM programs in helping patients manage hypertension and minimize hypertensive crises. Future research should go further to understand factors that impact patient outcomes and engagement patterns to improve the effectiveness of RPM programs.
Mapping intratumoral myeloid-T cell interactomes at single-cell resolution reveals targets for overcoming checkpoint inhibitor resistance
Authors: Bridges Kate , Pizzurro Gabriela A. , Baysoy Alev , Baskaran Janani P. , Xu Ziyan , Mathew Varsha , Tripple Victoria , LaPorte Michael , Park Koonam , Damsky William , Kluger Harriet , Fan Rong , Kaech Susan M. , Bosenberg Marcus W. , Miller-Jensen Kathryn 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYEffective cancer immunotherapies restore anti-tumor immunity by rewiring cell-cell communication. Treatment-induced changes in communication can be inferred from single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, but current methods do not effectively manage heterogeneity within cell types. Here we developed a computational approach to efficiently analyze scRNA-seq-derived, single-cell-resolved cell-cell interactomes, which we applied to determine how agonistic CD40 (CD40ag) alters immune cell crosstalk alone, across tumor models, and in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Our analyses suggested that CD40ag improves responses to ICB by targeting both immuno-stimulatory and immunosuppressive macrophage subsets communicating with T cells, and we experimentally validated a spatial basis for these subsets with immunofluorescence and spatial transcriptomics. Moreover, treatment with CD40ag and ICB established coordinated myeloid-T cell interaction hubs that are critical for reestablishing antitumor immunity. Our work advances the biological significance of hypotheses generated from scRNA-seq-derived cell-cell interactomes and supports the clinical translation of myeloid-targeted therapies for ICB-resistant tumors.
Molecular basis for the increased membrane fusion activity of the Ebola virus glycoprotein A82V variant from the 2013-2016 epidemic: insights from simulations and experiments
Authors: Durham Natasha D. , Jain Aastha , Howard Angela , Luban Jeremy , Munro James B. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDuring the 2013-2016 Ebola virus epidemic in Western Africa, an A82V mutation emerged in the envelope glycoprotein (GP) that persisted in most circulating isolates. Previous studies demonstrated that A82V increased GP-mediated membrane fusion and altered its dependence on host factors. The mechanistic basis for these observations, in particular the impact of A82V on the conformational changes in GP that are needed for membrane fusion, has not been evaluated in molecular detail. Here, using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and a novel single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer imaging assay, we specify the molecular mechanism by which A82V alters GP conformation to enhance GP-mediated viral entry. In so doing, we identify an allosteric network of interactions that links the receptor-binding site to the fusion loop of GP. Thus, the naturally occurring A82V mutation can tune the conformational dynamics of EBOV GP to enhance fusion loop mobility and subsequent viral fusion and infectivity in human cells.
Influenza vaccine effectiveness against medically attended outpatient illness, United States, 2023–24 season
Authors: Chung Jessie R. , Price Ashley M. , Zimmerman Richard K. , Geffel Krissy Moehling , House Stacey L. , Curley Tara , Wernli Karen J. , Phillips C. Hallie , Martin Emily T. , Vaughn Ivana A. , Murugan Vel , Scotch Matthew , Saade Elie A. , Faryar Kiran A. , Gaglani Manjusha , Ramm Jason D. , Williams Olivia L. , Walter Emmanuel B. , Kirby Marie , Keong Lisa M. , Kondor Rebecca , Ellington Sascha R. , Flannery Brendan ,   US Flu VE Network Investigators
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe 2023–24 U.S. influenza season was characterized by a predominance of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulation with co-circulation of A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the United States against mild-to-moderate medically attended influenza illness in the 2023–24 season.MethodsWe enrolled outpatients aged ≥8 months with acute respiratory illness in 7 states. Respiratory specimens were tested for influenza type/subtype by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Influenza VE was estimated with a test-negative design comparing odds of testing positive for influenza among vaccinated versus unvaccinated participants. We estimated VE by virus sub-type/lineage and A(H1N1)pdm09 genetic subclades.ResultsAmong 6,589 enrolled patients, 1,770 (27%) tested positive for influenza including 796 A(H1N1)pdm09, 563 B/Victoria, and 323 A(H3N2). Vaccine effectiveness against any influenza illness was 41% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 32 to 49): 28% (95% CI: 13 to 40) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 68% (95% CI: 59 to 76) against B/Victoria, and 30% (95% CI: 9 to 47) against A(H3N2). Statistically significant protection against any influenza was found for all age groups except adults aged 50–64 years. Lack of protection in this age group was specific to influenza A-associated illness. We observed differences in VE by birth cohort and A(H1N1)pdm09 virus genetic subclade.ConclusionsVaccination reduced outpatient medically attended influenza overall by 41% and provided protection overall against circulating influenza A and B viruses. Serologic studies would help inform differences observed by age groups.Key PointsInfluenza vaccine reduced the risk of outpatient illness due to influenza during the 2023–24 season. Protection varied by age group and influenza virus type.
Sequential transcriptional programs underpin activation of quiescent hippocampal stem cells
Authors: Rigo Piero , Ahmed-de-Prado Sara , Johnston Rebecca L. , Choudhury Chandra , Guillemot François , Harris Lachlan 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYPostnatal neural stem cells are primarily quiescent, which is a cellular state that exists as a continuum from deep to shallow quiescence. The molecular changes that occur along this continuum are beginning to be understood but the transcription factor network governing these changes has not been defined. We show that these transitions are regulated by sequential transcription factor programs. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of mice with loss- or gain-of-function of the essential activation factorAscl1, reveal that Ascl1 promotes the activation of hippocampal neural stem cells by driving these cells out of deep quiescence, despite its low protein expression. Subsequently, during the transition from deep to shallow quiescence,Ascl1induces the expression ofMycn, which drives progression through shallow states of quiescence towards an active state. Together, these results define the required sequence of transcription factors during hippocampal neural stem cell activation.
Deep generative design of neutralizing nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Huo Liyun , Tian Tian , Xu Yanqin , Qin Qin , Jiang Xinyi , Huang Qiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent years, single-domain heavy chain antibodies (nanobodies), with only one-tenth the molecular weight of conventional antibodies, have emerged as important therapeutic proteins in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. However, the rapid mutation of the virus often renders existing nanobodies ineffective, underscoring the need to develop nanobodies that specifically target new variants. Traditional methods for discovering nanobodies are time-consuming and complex, making it difficult to efficiently identify nanobodies that bind to specific epitopes. To address this, we propose a de novo nanobody design method based on a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). We developed a deep generative model, AiCDR, which consists of three discriminators and one generator. By determining the contribution of these three discriminators to the entire network, we can enhance the discrimination of generated sequences and reduce the similarity of the generated CDR3 sequences with natural peptides and random sequences, thereby ensuring their nature-like properties. These generated CDR3 sequences were then grafted onto humanized nanobody scaffolds, resulting in a structural library of approximately 104nanobodies with natural-like properties. Using computational methods, we screened this library against the Spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and identified 10 candidate nanobodies. Functional assays confirmed that two of these nanobodies exhibited neutralizing activity against the S protein. Our study demonstrates the potential of deep learning in nanobody design and offers a novel approach for developing nanobodies that target rapidly evolving viral variants.
Larger models yield better results? Streamlined severity classification of ADHD-related concerns using BERT-based knowledge distillation
Authors: Karim Ahmed Akib Jawad , Asad Kazi Hafiz Md. , Alam Md. Golam Rabiul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work focuses on the efficiency of the knowledge distillation approach in generating a lightweight yet powerful BERT-based model for natural language processing (NLP) applications. After the model creation, we applied the resulting model, LastBERT, to a real-world taskclassifying severity levels of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-related concerns from social media text data. Referring to LastBERT, a customized student BERT model, we significantly lowered model parameters from 110 million BERT base to 29 million-resulting in a model approximately 73.64% smaller. On the General Language Understanding Evaluation (GLUE) benchmark, comprising paraphrase identification, sentiment analysis, and text classification, the student model maintained strong performance across many tasks despite this reduction. The model was also used on a real-world ADHD dataset with an accuracy of 85%, F1 score of 85%, precision of 85%, and recall of 85%. When compared to DistilBERT (66 million parameters) and ClinicalBERT (110 million parameters), LastBERT demonstrated comparable performance, with DistilBERT slightly outperforming it at 87%, and ClinicalBERT achieving 86% across the same metrics. These findings highlight the LastBERT model’s capacity to classify degrees of ADHD severity properly, so it offers a useful tool for mental health professionals to assess and comprehend material produced by users on social networking platforms. The study emphasizes the possibilities of knowledge distillation to produce effective models fit for use in resource-limited conditions, hence advancing NLP and mental health diagnosis. Furthermore underlined by the considerable decrease in model size without appreciable performance loss is the lower computational resources needed for training and deployment, hence facilitating greater applicability. Especially using readily available computational tools like Google Colab and Kaggle Notebooks. This study shows the accessibility and usefulness of advanced NLP methods in pragmatic world applications.