bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An enterprising phoenix: materiality, affect and learning
Authors: Rooney Donna , Manidis Marie , Price Oriana M. , Scheeres Hermine 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how workers experience planned and unplanned change(s), how the effects of change endure in organizations and the entanglement (Gherardi, 2015) of materiality, affect and learning.

Design/methodology/approach
Research design is ethnographic in nature and draws from 30 semi-structured interviews of workers in an Australian organization. Interviews were designed to elicit narrative accounts (stories) of challenges and change faced by the workers. Desktop research of organizational documents and material artefacts complemented interview data. Analysis is informed by socio-material understandings and, in particular, the ideas of materiality, affect and learning.

Findings
Change, in the form of a fire, triggered spontaneous and surprisingly positive affectual and organizational outcomes that exceeded earlier attempts at restructuring work. In the wake of the material tragedy of the fire in one organization, what emerged was a shift in the workers and the practices of the organization. Their accounts emphasized challenges, excitement and renewal, which prompt reconsideration of learning at work, in particular the entanglement of affect, materiality and learning in times of change.

Originality/value
Much workplace learning research identifies change as conducive to learning. This paper builds on this research by providing new understandings of, and insights into, the enduring effects of change.
Impact of programs on competency, career, and income on management graduates
Authors: Paixão Roberto Brazileiro , Souza Márcio Arcanjo de 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate the impact of Federal University of Bahia’s Business Administration graduate programs on graduates’ competency, career and income development.

Design/methodology/approach
It is a descriptive study, for which a survey was applied and the data were analyzed using quantitative techniques (descriptive analysis, factorial analysis, t-test, Mann–Whitney test and regression analysis). Data collection was conducted through an electronic questionnaire sent to the graduates in the period between 1998 and 2012.

Findings
The results show that in general, the research participants perceive competency, career and income development after the course. At the same time, a comparison between the graduates of academic and professional axes (courses) was carried out, and in general, there is a certain similarity between perceptions.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the theoretical field on evaluation of graduates, both from a methodological point of view, because of conducted statistical analysis that is complementary to other methods used, and from a practical point of view, as it offers redesign and improvement elements to the program’s curricula and teaching-learning methodologies so that it can maximize competency development, career and income of graduates.
Antecedents of turnover in federal public administration
Authors: Cavalcanti G. Ferreira Pedro , Rabelo Neiva Elaine 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
Understanding the reasons that lead civil servants to abandon their offices is an important step towards qualifying personnel management in the Federal Administration. The purpose of this study is to present an initial approach to the subject and to investigate variables that favor or reduce the turnover intention among civil servants in the Federal Executive Branch.

Design/methodology/approach
To fulfill the objective stated, the study resorted to variables of values, expectations and affective commitment to the organization. Variables were tested in a model of structural equations capable of verifying if these are antecedent or not of the turnover intention levels in a sample comprising 228 civil servants.

Findings
The validation of a model of structural equations unveiled a statistically relevant relation of dependence among values, expectations and the affective commitment to the organization. Moreover, engagement proved to be a mediator of the relation between the other variables and the turnover intention.

Originality/value
The work contributed to literature by presenting evidence that low expectations among civil servants bring low affective commitment which, in turn, leads to higher willingness to quit organizations. On the other hand, the same model showed that self-transcendent values, typical to the public career (serve the public), prevail among civil servants and positively impact commitment. This scenario shows that in people management all these elements of values and expectations must be worked on to reduce the number of civil servants that quit the government every year, as well as the high costs associated with quitting.
Effect of weft yarn twist level on thermal comfort of 100 per cent cotton woven fabrics
Authors: Atalie Desalegn , Tesema Addisu Ferede , Rotich Gideon K. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeFabrics’ thermal properties greatly influence human comfort during wear. For this reason, fabrics with optimum thermal properties need to be developed. This paper aims to investigate the effect of weft yarn twist levels on thermal and surface properties of 100 per cent cotton woven fabrics.Design/methodology/approachFive types of plain woven cotton fabrics were manufactured using weft yarns with 900, 905, 910, 915 and 920 twists/meter (Tpm). The other parameters of the samples as count, thread density and fabric structures were kept constant. Fabric thermal properties were evaluated by measuring its thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, actual insulation, water permeability, air permeability and wicking ability. The fabric compression and surface properties were also evaluated because they contribute to the overall clothing comfort.FindingsThe results showed that actual insulation and thermal resistance property decreased with an increase in twists/meter of the weft yarn. However, thermal conductivity does not significantly change while fabric compression reduced with an increase in twist as the surface roughness increased.Originality/valueComfort is a fundamental requirement in human daily existence, and it is greatly influenced by clothing, which comes in close contact with the human skin. Fabrics’ thermal properties greatly influence human comfort during wear. For this reason, fabrics with optimum thermal properties need to be developed.
The Russian tourism and hospitality market: new challenges and destinations
Authors: Sheresheva Marina Y. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to review recent developments in the Russian tourism and hospitality market and to underline Russia’s strong tourism prospects – despite the challenges it has to face.Design/methodology/approachThe study sets the scene for the theme issue (that draws from both academia and industry) by discussing the challenges facing the contemporary Russian tourism and hospitality market. It also profiles the efforts of the Russian Government to boost tourism development in different Russian regions that are potentially attractive tourist destinations due to their natural resources and cultural heritage.FindingsThe paper sheds light on the major shift to domestic tourism that is partly due to the turbulent economic environment that is forcing Russia to search for internal sources of development. At the same time, the decision to rely on diversity of opportunities and sustainable regional tourism makes it possible to have a broad variety of tourist value propositions in almost all parts of Russia. This also makes Russia more attractive to foreign tourists. Still, to make Russia a popular destination internationally, improvement in almost all elements of the Russian tourist product is needed.Originality/valueThis theme issue provides an analysis and evaluation of tourism development in Russia in the current decade and, in so doing, contributes to knowledge of the fast developing Russian tourism and hospitality market by unveiling a number of new tourist products and destinations in different Russian regions.
The transformative role of interaction rituals within therapeutic communities
Authors: Clarke Jenelle M. , Waring Justin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMental health settings are fraught with emotion as clients address difficult life experiences and relational patterns. Clients spend a substantial amount of time together outside of structured therapy, but little is known about how these moments are potentially therapeutic, especially as sites of emotional change. We draw on interaction ritual chain theory to explore how negative emotions in situations outside of formal therapy can be transformed into positive emotions and facilitate personal change. The research is based upon a narrative ethnography of two therapeutic communities for individuals with a diagnosis of personality disorder. Despite the presence of negative transient emotions in these rituals, clients experienced positive feelings of solidarity and belonging, and the majority of clients reported increased feelings of confidence and positive change. Conversely, dynamics between clients showed clients were not always supportive of one another and at times, could exclude others, resulting in isolation and alienation. We argue interactions that generate feelings of inclusion or exclusion over time are a key component in whether clients gain positive or negative emotional feeling and experience personal change.
Matching and Regression to the Mean in Difference‐in‐Differences Analysis
Authors: Daw Jamie R. , Hatfield Laura A. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo demonstrate regression to the mean bias introduced by matching on preperiod variables in difference‐in‐differences studies.Data SourcesSimulated data.Study DesignWe performed a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the effect of a placebo intervention on simulated longitudinal data for units in treatment and control groups using unmatched and matched difference‐in‐differences analyses. We varied the preperiod level and trend differences between the treatment and control groups, and the serial correlation of the matching variables. We assessed estimator bias as the mean absolute deviation of estimated program effects from the true value of zero.Principal FindingsWhen preperiod outcome level is correlated with treatment assignment, an unmatched analysis is unbiased, but matching units on preperiod outcome levels produces biased estimates. The bias increases with greater preperiod level differences and weaker serial correlation in the outcome. This problem extends to matching on preperiod level of a time‐varying covariate. When treatment assignment is correlated with preperiod trend only, the unmatched analysis is biased, and matching units on preperiod level or trend does not introduce additional bias.ConclusionsResearchers should be aware of the threat of regression to the mean when constructing matched samples for difference‐in‐differences. We provide guidance on when to incorporate matching in this study design.
Procurement with Asymmetric Information About Fixed and Variable Costs
Authors: ANTLE RICK , BOGETOFT PETER 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTWe investigate optimal rationing of resources and organizational slack when a principal procures from an agent with private information about fixed and variable costs. We study the problem in a two‐period setting with persistent types and investigate how the optimal rationing and slack depend on whether production increases or decreases over time. We find that rationing in a dynamic model with persistent types is extra costly, since the types that are eliminated in period 1 might have been attractive in period 2. The cost of rationing increases with the variability of production. If production levels are increasing (decreasing), the principal will be cautious when eliminating types with low variable (fixed) costs in period 1, since these types are particularly profitable in period 2. When production is more stable over time, harsher rationing can be applied in period 1, followed by less harsh rationing, if any, in period 2.
The Fall of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk and the Revival of Impeachment in the Parliament of 1621
Authors: Thrush Andrew 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe revival of impeachment in 1621 has tended to be viewed exclusively through the prism of parliament. However, this article, which builds on the work of Professor Allen Horstman, suggests that a key factor in impeachment's revival was the dismissal of Lord Treasurer Suffolk for corruption in 1618. Suffolk's removal caused widespread disquiet, since it was assumed that senior officials held office for life. In order to silence these criticisms it proved necessary for the king not only to put Suffolk on trial but also to justify by precedent the lord treasurer's removal. This latter task was performed by the former lord chief justice, Sir Edward Coke, himself not long disgraced, whose researches in the medieval parliamentary record revealed the following year that errant crown ministers had hitherto been held to account by means of impeachment. Coke subsequently put this discovery to good effect when parliament met in 1621. Against the backdrop of mounting criticism against his hated rival, the lord chancellor, Francis Bacon, Coke revealed the existence of impeachment to the house of commons, whose attention was then focused on finding a way to punish the monopolists, Sir Giles Mompesson and Sir Francis Michell. In so doing, Coke not only aided the lower House, which had been struggling since 1610 to find a way of punishing non‐members, but also sought to settle an old score.
British Lobbying in Newspaper and Parliamentary Discourse, 1800–1950
Authors: McGrath Conor 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLobbying is a significant component of the modern politics industry in Britain, but we know relatively little about its historical origins and evolution. This article draws on parliamentary debates and three databases which together account for 51 newspaper titles, in order to explore how lobbying was discussed in parliament and the media between 1800 and 1950, and to gauge the growing professionalisation of lobbying. Perceptions of lobbying became somewhat less negative over the period; there are relatively few reports or allegations of corruption associated with lobbying; and lobbying by the railway industry seems to have been less substantial, while public sector lobbying was more significant, than is commonly supposed. Direct advocacy with policymakers is overwhelmingly the dominant tactic used by lobbyists of the period, with few reports of coalitions or grass‐roots campaigns. Particular concerns were expressed about the influence of lobbying around private bills. While lobbying back‐bench MPs and parliamentary committees (rather than ministers and civil servants) accounted for over 80% of the activity revealed across the whole period, there are signs by the middle of the 20th century that the focus of lobbyists is beginning to turn away from Westminster and towards Whitehall. The article paints a detailed view of the scale, scope, and significance of lobbying as it was developing into a national and systematic industry.
A Biographical Note on James Maxwell, Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod
Authors: Sainty J.C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis note seeks to clarify the course of the career of James Maxwell, gentleman usher of the black rod in several earlier Stuart parliaments. Maxwell was a Scot who followed James I south in 1603, serving in his household and that of Charles I, first as a gentleman usher daily waiter, and from 1619 as a groom of the bedchamber. In 1620 he secured the office of black rod. In 1642 he failed to follow the king to Oxford but remained with the parliament at Westminster, although largely delegating his duties as black rod to his associate, Alexander Thayne. In 1647, he was allowed by parliament to attend the king at Holdenby House. He died in 1650 as earl of Dirletoun in Scotland, although the circumstances in which he acquired this title are obscure.
The Impact of Alcohol Use on Frontal White Matter in HIV
Authors: Gullett Joseph M. , Lamb Damon G. , Porges Eric , Woods Adam J. , Rieke Jake , Thompson Paul , Jahanshad Neda , Nir Talia M. , Tashima Karen , Cohen Ronald A. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is prevalent among individuals diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and both HIV and alcohol use have been shown to negatively affect the integrity of white matter pathways in the brain. Behavioral, functional, and anatomical impairments have been linked independently to HIV and alcohol use, and these impairments have bases in specific frontally mediated pathways within the brain.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging data were acquired for 37 HIV+ participants without dementia or hepatitis C. Imaging data were processed through the FreeSurfer and TraCULA pipelines to obtain 4 bilateral frontal white matter tracts for each participant. Diffusion metrics of white matter integrity along the highest probability pathway for each tract were analyzed with respect to demographics, disease‐specific variables, and reported substance use.ResultsSignificantly increased axial diffusivity (decreased axonal integrity) and a trending increase in mean diffusivity were observed along the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) in participants with a history of AUD. A diagnosis of AUD explained over 36% of the variance in diffusivity along the ATR overall when accounting for clinical variables including nadir CD4 and age‐adjusted HIV infection length.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of HIV‐related associations between alcohol use and indicators of axonal integrity loss along the ATR, a frontal pathway involved in the inhibition of addictive or unwanted behaviors. Reduced axonal integrity of this pathway was greatest in HIV+ participants with an AUD, even when considering the effect of age‐adjusted disease length and severity (nadir CD4). This finding implicates a potential biological mechanism linking reduced integrity of frontal white matter to the high prevalence of AUD in an HIV+ population without dementia or hepatitis C.
Regional Patterns of Alcohol‐Induced Neuronal Loss Depend on Genetics: Implications for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Todd Dylan , Bonthius Daniel J. , Sabalo Lia Marie , Roghair Jasmine , Karacay Bahri , Bousquet Samantha Larimer , Bonthius Daniel J. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAlcohol exposure during pregnancy can kill developing neurons and lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). However, affected individuals differ in their regional patterns of alcohol‐induced neuropathology. Because neuroprotective genes are expressed in spatially selective ways, their mutation could increase the vulnerability of some brain regions, but not others, to alcohol teratogenicity. The objective of this study was to determine whether a null mutation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) can increase the vulnerability of some brain regions, but not others, to alcohol‐induced neuronal losses.MethodsImmunohistochemistry identified brain regions in which nNOS is present or absent throughout postnatal development. Mice genetically deficient for nNOS (nNOS−/−) and wild‐type controls received alcohol (0.0, 2.2, or 4.4 mg/g/d) over postnatal days (PD) 4 to 9. Mice were sacrificed in adulthood (~PD 115), and surviving neurons in the olfactory bulb granular layer and brain stem facial nucleus were quantified stereologically.ResultsnNOS was expressed throughout postnatal development in olfactory bulb granule cells but was never expressed in the facial nucleus. In wild‐type mice, alcohol reduced neuronal survival to similar degrees in both cell populations. However, null mutation of nNOS more than doubled alcohol‐induced cell death in the olfactory bulb granule cells, while the mutation had no effect on the facial nucleus neurons. As a result, in nNOS−/− mice, alcohol caused substantially more cell loss in the olfactory bulb than in the facial nucleus.ConclusionsMutation of the nNOS gene substantially increases vulnerability to alcohol‐induced cell loss in a brain region where the gene is expressed (olfactory bulb), but not in a separate brain region, where the gene is not expressed (facial nucleus). Thus, differences in genotype may explain why some individuals are vulnerable to FASD, while others are not, and may determine the specific patterns of neuropathology in children with FASD.
Are high‐ and low‐molecular‐weight sensitizing agents associated with different clinical phenotypes of occupational asthma?
Authors: Vandenplas Olivier , Godet Julien , Hurdubaea Laura , Rifflart Catherine , Suojalehto Hille , Wiszniewska Marta , Munoz Xavier , Sastre Joaquin , Klusackova Pavlina , Moore Vicky , Merget Rolf , Talini Donatella , Svanes Cecilie , Mason Paola , dell'Omo Marco , Cullinan Paul , Moscato Gianna , Quirce Santiago , Hoyle Jennifer , Sherson David L. , Kauppi Paula , Preisser Alexandra , Meyer Nicolas , de Blay Frédéric ,   European network for the PHenotyping of OCcupational ASthma (E‐PHOCAS) investigators
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐molecular‐weight (HMW) proteins and low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) chemicals can cause occupational asthma (OA) although few studies have thoroughly compared the clinical, physiological, and inflammatory patterns associated with these different types of agents. The aim of this study was to determine whether OA induced by HMW and LMW agents shows distinct phenotypic profiles.MethodsClinical and functional characteristics, and markers of airway inflammation were analyzed in an international, multicenter, retrospective cohort of subjects with OA ascertained by a positive inhalation challenge response to HMW (n = 544) and LMW (n = 635) agents.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between OA caused by HMW agents and work‐related rhinitis (OR [95% CI]: 4.79 [3.28‐7.12]), conjunctivitis (2.13 [1.52‐2.98]), atopy (1.49 [1.09‐2.05]), and early asthmatic reactions (2.86 [1.98‐4.16]). By contrast, OA due to LMW agents was associated with chest tightness at work (2.22 [1.59‐3.03]), daily sputum (1.69 [1.19‐2.38]), and late asthmatic reactions (1.52 [1.09‐2.08]). Furthermore, OA caused by HMW agents showed a higher risk of airflow limitation (1.76 [1.07‐2.91]), whereas OA due to LMW agents exhibited a higher risk of severe exacerbations (1.32 [1.01‐1.69]). There were no differences between the two types of agents in the baseline sputum inflammatory profiles, but OA caused by HMW agents showed higher baseline blood eosinophilia and a greater postchallenge increase in fractional nitric oxide.ConclusionThis large cohort study describes distinct phenotypic profiles in OA caused by HMW and LMW agents. There is a need to further explore differences in underlying pathophysiological pathways and outcome after environmental interventions.