bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Warming and the Dynamics of the Invasive Box‐Tree Moth Cydalima perspectalis in the Suburbs of Basel (Switzerland) and in the Nearby Natural Box‐Tree Forest: A 15‐Year Study
Authors: Schmera Dénes , Baur Bruno 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe non‐native invasive box‐tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) causes severe damage to ornamental box trees (Buxus spp.) and natural boxwood stands (Buxus sempervirens). Using two light traps, we recorded the seasonal flight activity and abundance of C. perspectalis in the suburbs of Basel (Switzerland) over a 15‐year period (2009–2023) shortly after the moth's introduction to Europe in 2007. In each year, we also assessed the grazing damage and number of box‐tree larvae in a nearby natural box‐tree forest. We recorded two peaks in the number of C. perspectalis caught in the settlement area (2009–2010 and 2017–2018). Cross‐correlation analysis showed that waves of C. perspectalis moths invaded the settlement area in the year after the peak years of forest damage. Moderate numbers of C. perspectalis were caught each year during off‐peak periods. The outbreaks of C. perspectalis resulted in a complete defoliation of the box trees in the forest, after which the moth population collapsed. The slowly regenerating box‐tree forest was recolonised by C. perspectalis, most probably from the settlement area. After the second outbreak, the box‐tree forest did not appear to be able to fully recover, as moderate numbers of C. perspectalis larvae fed on the emerging new leaves. The annual mean temperature measured in Basel increased by 1.5°C between 2009 and 2023. During this period, the first C. perspectalis moths were caught earlier each year and the last moths were caught later each year. Thus, the duration of flight activity of C. perspectalis (all three generations of a year combined) increased from 13 weeks in 2010 to 20 weeks in 2023, indicating the impact of climate warming. Our study shows that the dynamics of C. perspectalis in the settlement area are strongly influenced by the presence of box trees in the adjacent forest.
Marker Effects for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance and the Dwarfing Gene Rht‐B1 in Cultivated Emmer Wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum) Revealed by Association Mapping
Authors: Miedaner Thomas , Afzal Muhammad , Morales Laura , Steiner Barbara , Buerstmayr Hermann , Longin C. Friedrich H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease that affects all cereals worldwide. This includes emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum), the ancestor of durum and bread wheat. We screened 143 cultivated emmer genotypes from a breeding program and gene bank collections for FHB severity at 2 locations over 2 years. Due to the high negative correlation between FHB severity and heading date (HD) (r = −0.65, p < 0.001), plot‐level FHB scores were corrected for HD before further analysis (FHBcorr). Genetic variation for FHB severity was high, ranging from 2.15 to 8.33 on a 1–9 scale. Twelve genotypes carried the semi‐dwarfing Rht‐B1b marker allele, which reduced plant height by 32 cm but increased FHB severity by 20%. Genome‐wide association study detected seven quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) for FHBcorr and three QTNs for plant height. The most important QTN for both traits was located on chromosome 4B, explaining 50.9% and 15.8% of the phenotypic variation in plant height and FHBcorr, respectively, and was localized near the semi‐dwarfing Rht‐B1 locus. Three other large‐effect loci for FHBcorr were found on chromosomes 5B and 7B. In total, 72.6% of phenotypic variation was explained by all markers. The use of Rht‐B1b in emmer breeding has a high effect on plant height but would entail the introgression of potent FHB‐resistance from either native or exotic sources.
VTE Prevention Ability Among Community Nurses in the Medical Consortium Based on the Kirkpatrick Mode Evaluation of the Effects of Training
Authors: Fan Weihong , Tian Bei , Xu Pei , Zou Zuoli , Zhou Xiaoling , Wu Yan , Wu Lianbao , Wu Yingbiao , Tang Peifeng , Liu Weiqun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeTo explore the application of the Kirkpatrick model in VTE prevention training among community nurses in the medical consortium.MethodA team of experts was established to formulate a VTE prevention ability training program for community nurses in the medical consortium. According to a literature review, the results of a questionnaire survey and the results of on‐site supervision surveys of nurses in five community health service centers in the medical consortium. The Kirkpatrick model was applied to train 117 nurses in five community service centers, and the effects on the four dimensions (i.e., the reaction layer, learning layer, behavior layer, and results layer) were observed.ResultsA total of 100% of nurses’ reported satisfaction with the training, and the attendance rate was ≥98%. After the training, the theoretical knowledge of VTE prevention and the results of the skills assessment of community nurses in the medical consortium were significantly greater than the pretraining levels (p < 0.001). Three months after training, the nurses’ VTE prevention execution score significantly improved compared with the pretraining scores (p < 0.001). The compliance rate and standard rate of ankle pump movement significantly improved compared with those before training (p < 0.001).ConclusionTraining based on the offset model can effectively improve VTE prevention knowledge among community nurses in the medical consortium, thereby enhancing VTE prevention among patients and at improving the compliance and standardization of patients' self‐prevention. These findings provide a reference for future in‐service training programs targeting VTE prevention among nurses in community hospitals.
CmPYL7 positively regulates the cold tolerance via interacting with CmPP2C24‐like in oriental melon
Authors: Liu Wei , Jiang Yun , Lv Yanling , Zhang Lili , Liu Shilei , Wang Zailiang , He Ming , Zhang Jiawang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPyrabactin or Actin Resistance1/PYR1‐Like/Regulatory Components of abscisic acid (ABA) Receptors (PYR/PYL/RCARs, referred to as PYLs) are direct receptors of ABA that function pivotally in the ABA‐signaling pathway. Previously, we discovered that CmPYL7 was strongly upregulated by cold stress in oriental melon (Cucumis melo). In this study, we demonstrated that CmPYL7 was strongly induced by cold treatment (Cold), Cold+ABA, and Cold+fluridone (Flu, an ABA inhibitor) treatments, while the expression level of CmPYL7 under Cold+Flu is lower than that of cold treatment. Silencing CmPYL7 in oriental melon seedlings significantly decreased cold tolerance due to the reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD); catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] and the accumulation of H2O2, accompanied by higher electrolyte leakage and MDA content, but lower proline and soluble sugar content. In contrast, overexpressing CmPYL7 in Arabidopsis plants significantly increased cold tolerance owing to the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and APX) and limited H2O2, accompanied by lower electrolyte leakage and MDA content, but higher proline and soluble sugar contents. CmPYL7 was found to interact with CmPP2C24‐like in vivo and in vitro, whose expression is downregulated under cold stress. Furthermore, silenced CmPP2C24‐like in oriental melon plants significantly increased cold tolerance, exhibiting lower electrolyte leakage and MDA content and higher proline and soluble sugar contents. The activities of SOD, CAT, and APX were further enhanced and contents of H2O2 were significantly limited from increasing in TRV‐CmPP2C24‐like seedlings. These results demonstrated that CmPYL7 functions positively in the ABA‐signaling pathway to regulate cold tolerance by interacting with CmPP2C24‐like protein.
Interplay between CO2 and light governs carbon partitioning in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Zuliani Luca , Cecchin Michela , Miotti Tea , Paloschi Matteo , Cuine Stephan , Cazzaniga Stefano , Li‐Beisson Yonghua , Ballottari Matteo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIncreasing CO2 availability is a common practice at the industrial level to trigger biomass productivity in microalgae cultures. Still, the consequences of high CO2 availability in microalgal cells exposed to relatively high light require further investigation. Here, the photosynthetic, physiologic, and metabolic responses of the green microalga model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were investigated in high or low CO2 availability conditions: high CO2 enabled higher biomass yields only if sufficient light energy was provided. Moreover, cells grown in high light and high CO2 availability were characterized, compared to cells grown in high light and low CO2, by a relative increase of the energy‐dense triacylglycerols and decreased starch accumulation per dry weight. The photosynthetic machinery adapted to the increased carbon availability, modulating Photosystem II light‐harvesting efficiency and increasing Photosystem I photochemical activity, which shifted from being acceptor side to donor side limited: cells grown at high CO2 availability were characterized by increased photosynthetic linear electron flow and by the onset of a balance between NAD(P)H oxidation and NAD(P)+ reduction. Mitochondrial respiration was also influenced by the conditions herein applied, with reduced respiration through the cytochrome pathway compensated by increased respiration through alternative pathways, demonstrating a different use of the cellular reducing power based on carbon availability. The results suggest that at high CO2 availability and high irradiance, the reducing power generated by the oxidative metabolism of photosynthates is either dissipated through alternative oxidative pathways in the mitochondria or translocated back to the chloroplasts to support carbon assimilation and energy‐rich lipids accumulation.
The Novel HLA‐E Allele, HLA‐E*01:151, Identified in a Chinese Individual
Authors: Dong Lina , He Yanmin , Yang Luxin , He Yizhen , Zhu Faming 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHLA‐E*01:151 differs from HLA‐E*01:03:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 890 C>T in exon 5.
Identification of the Novel HLA‐DPA1*01:214 Allele in a Brazilian Bone Marrow Donor
Authors: de Lima Ana Paula Sokolowski , Cita Rafael Formenton , Massi Fernanda Pelisson , Hirata Bruna Karina Banin , Visentainer Jeane Eliete Laguila 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA single nucleotide polymorphism, changing Phenylalanine to Leucine, differentiates HLA‐DPA1*01:214 from HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01:01.
The HLA‐A*31:217 Allele Identified in a Volunteer Donor for Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: Baek In‐Cheol , Choi Eun‐Jeong , Kim Hyoung‐Jae , Choi Haeyoun , Chung Yeun‐Jun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHLA‐A*31:217 differs from HLA‐A*31:01:02:01 in codon 37 in exon 2.
Role of ryanodine receptor cooperativity in Ca2+‐wave‐mediated triggered activity in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Zhong Mingwang , Karma Alain 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCa2+ waves are known to trigger delayed after‐depolarizations that can cause malignant cardiac arrhythmias. However, modelling Ca2+ waves using physiologically realistic models has remained a major challenge. Existing models with low Ca2+ sensitivity of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) necessitate large release currents, leading to an unrealistically large Ca2+ transient amplitude incompatible with the experimental observations. Consequently, current physiologically detailed models of delayed after‐depolarizations resort to unrealistic cell architectures to produce Ca2+ waves with a normal Ca2+ transient amplitude. Here, we address these challenges by incorporating RyR cooperativity into a physiologically detailed model with a realistic cell architecture. We represent RyR cooperativity phenomenologically through a Hill coefficient within the sigmoid function of RyR open probability. Simulations in permeabilized myocytes with high Ca2+ sensitivity reveal that a sufficiently large Hill coefficient is required for Ca2+ wave propagation via the fire–diffuse–fire mechanism. In intact myocytes, propagating Ca2+ waves can occur only within an intermediate Hill coefficient range. Within this range, the spark rate is neither too low, enabling Ca2+ wave propagation, nor too high, allowing for the maintenance of a high sarcoplasmic reticulum load during diastole of the action potential. Moreover, this model successfully replicates other experimentally observed manifestations of Ca2+‐wave‐mediated triggered activity, including phase 2 and phase 3 early after‐depolarizations and high‐frequency voltage–Ca2+ oscillations. These oscillations feature an elevated take‐off potential with depolarization mediated by the L‐type Ca2+ current. The model also sheds light on the roles of luminal gating of RyRs and the mobile buffer ATP in the genesis of these arrhythmogenic phenomena.
imageKey points
Existing mathematical models of Ca2+ waves use an excessively large Ca2+‐release current or unrealistic diffusive coupling between release units.
Our physiologically realistic model, using a Hill coefficient in the ryanodine receptor (RyR) gating function to represent RyR cooperativity, addresses these limitations and generates organized Ca2+ waves at Hill coefficients ranging from ∼5 to 10, as opposed to the traditional value of 2.
This range of Hill coefficients gives a spark rate neither too low, thereby enabling Ca2+ wave propagation, nor too high, allowing for the maintenance of a high sarcoplasmic reticulum load during the plateau phase of the action potential.
Additionally, the model generates Ca2+‐wave‐mediated phase 2 and phase 3 early after‐depolarizations, and coupled membrane voltage with Ca2+ oscillations mediated by the L‐type Ca2+ current.
This study suggests that pharmacologically targeting RyR cooperativity could be a promising strategy for treating cardiac arrhythmias linked to Ca2+‐wave‐mediated triggered activity.
Ethical issues in termination of resuscitation decision-making: an interview study with paramedics and relatives of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest non-survivors
Authors: Eli Karin , Huxley Caroline J. , Gardiner Galina , Perkins Gavin D. , Smyth Michael A. , Griffiths Frances , Slowther Anne-Marie 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundIn out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), decisions to terminate resuscitation or transport the patient to hospital are ethically fraught. However, little is known about paramedics’ ethical concerns in these decision-making processes.ObjectiveTo develop an understanding of how paramedics experience ethical concerns in OHCA decision-making processes, and how this relates to the ethical concerns of patients’ relatives.DesignA qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with paramedics and relatives of OHCA non-survivors.SettingTwo ambulance trusts in England.ParticipantsThirty-one paramedics, identified as decision-makers in adult OHCA events in which cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) had been initiated, were interviewed. Fourteen interviews with relatives of OHCA non-survivors were also conducted.AnalysisThe interviews were analysed thematically, using a coding framework and following an empirical ethics approach.ResultsFour themes were developed: preventing harm to patients, best interests, caring for the patient’s family and moral distress. Paramedics conceptualised preventing harm both as saving lives and as preventing an undignified death or a life with severe brain damage. Paramedics’ and relatives’ views of best interests were influenced by values such as patient dignity and assumptions about age and quality of life. Paramedics expressed a duty of care towards the patient’s family. Relatives conveyed the importance of clear communication and acts of care performed by the ambulance crew, underscoring the ethical commitment that paramedics had towards patients’ families. Paramedics described decision-making processes that relied on clinical guidelines, rather than personal values and beliefs; this sometimes led to moral distress.ConclusionNon-protocolised ethical considerations are important in paramedic decision-making about terminating CPR in OHCA events. While paramedics use established guidelines and processes to reach decisions that prevent patient harm, they experience moral distress when personal convictions clash with guidelines. Training around ethical reasoning and decision making may help paramedics reduce their moral distress and provide consistent and transparent decisions for patients and their families.
Living-donor liver transplantation for non-resectable colorectal liver metastases: protocol for a multicentric, single-arm study
Authors: Fukumitsu Ken , Kageyama Shoichi , Ito Takashi , Oimoto Natsuko , Ogiso Satoshi , Anazawa Takayuki , Nagai Kazuyuki , Uchida Yoichiro , Ishii Takamichi , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe only treatment for non-resectable colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is medical therapy, and the overall survival (OS) rate at 3 and 5 years is approximately 30%–40% and less than 10%, respectively. In 2020, a group in Norway reported that liver transplantation for non-resectable CRLM improved the 5-year OS rate to up to 83%. Clinical trials have been launched since that report was published, but most have involved deceased-donor liver transplantation rather than living-donor liver transplantation. Our study will assess the efficacy and safety of living-donor liver transplantation for patients with non-resectable CRLM.Methods and analysisThis is an investigator-driven, multicentre, prospective, single-arm study involving 11 university hospitals in Japan. Patients with non-resectable CRLM and resected primary cancers will be enrolled in the study. Any patients with histopathological or genetic mutations, such as those of RAS and BRAF, are eligible. Furthermore, patients who underwent lung treatment for three or fewer pulmonary metastases and experienced no recurrence for more than 6 months are eligible. The eligibility of the candidates will be reviewed by the Central Eligibility Review Committee. The primary endpoint is the 3-year OS rate. Assuming an OS rate of 70% and a threshold of 45%, the number of required patients is 23, with an alpha error of 5% (one-sided), power of 80% and a 10% dropout rate.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the ethical review board of Kyoto University (R-1591). All participants are required to provide written informed consent. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberjRCT1050230053 and UMIN000049785.
Concordance, motivations and associated factors of COVID-19 vaccination among parent–child dyads: a cross-sectional study in Caraga Region, the Philippines
Authors: Herrera David Jone Lagura , Herrera Deborah Jael , Anore Krisha Marie , Herrera Miraluna , Masing Anna Lyn A , Sanchez Ruth E , Bas Sherlyn , Amora Donnacham , Tabudlong Renante Pandawatnon , Berhe Neamin M 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccination rates remain low for children aged 11 and below, and understanding the extent to which parental decisions impact their children’s vaccination status remains a challenge. This study aimed to explore the concordance and motivations for vaccination among parent–child dyads and determine the associated factors influencing their children’s vaccination status.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 March 2023 to 30 March 2023, recruiting parents from six representative primary schools across Butuan City, the Philippines. Pilot-tested, self-administered questionnaires were used during the face-to-face surveys with parent participants. To determine the associated factors of parental decisions to vaccinate their children, mixed-effects logistic regression was used, with school districts as a random effect.ParticipantsA total of 593 participating parents were included in the study, with the majority being females (n=484, 81.6%) and underserved, characterised by lacking a college degree (n=305, 51.4%) and having low to no income (n=511, 86.1%).ResultsWhile 80.6% (n=478) of parents reported being vaccinated against COVID-19, only 36.2% (n=215) of them chose to vaccinate their children. A significant number of parents (n=285, 48.1%) reported psychological distress, with higher levels of distress prevalent among those who are indigenous, reside in rural areas and have lower income levels. Parental education and vaccination status emerged as influential factors. Specifically, parents with advanced degrees were 48% less likely to have unvaccinated children (adj OR (AOR)=0.52; 95% CI 0.30, 0.87), while unvaccinated parents had a sixfold increase in the likelihood of having unvaccinated children (AOR 6.1; 95% CI 3.14, 12.02) compared with their counterparts.ConclusionsEfforts to increase paediatric vaccination rates should focus more on actively engaging parents, educating them about the vaccine’s benefits and necessity, rather than solely relying on mandates to improve paediatric vaccination rates. Further research is needed to understand the reluctance of unvaccinated parents to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19, identifying specific facilitators and barriers to develop more effective communication strategies and bolster vaccine acceptance.
Exploring the views of primary and secondary care physicians on the no-biopsy diagnosis of coeliac disease in adults: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Shiha Mohamed G , Bowker-Howell Freya Jane , Harper Alice M , Elwenspoek Martha M C , Penny Hugo A , Banks Jonathan , Sanders David Surendran 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveDespite mounting evidence supporting a no-biopsy approach for the diagnosis of coeliac disease in adults, established clinical pathways in primary and secondary care could hinder implementation in clinical practice. We aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to a no-biopsy diagnostic pathway of coeliac disease in primary and secondary care.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using semistructured interviews with gastroenterologists and general practitioners (GPs). We used a predefined interview topic guide consisting of open-ended questions and prompts to facilitate discussion about the views of primary and secondary care physicians on the no-biopsy diagnosis of coeliac disease in adults.ResultsWe interviewed 24 physicians (12 gastroenterologists and 12 GPs) across England between February and March 2024. Participants had different levels of experience ranging between 2 years and 30 years. Gastroenterologists were more familiar with the no-biopsy approach and the evidence supporting it compared with GPs. Both groups were supportive of the no-biopsy approach but acknowledged the lack of clear guidelines as a major barrier to implementation in clinical practice. Increased patient satisfaction, shorter waiting times to start treatment and reduced endoscopy service pressures and costs were perceived as the main advantages of the no-biopsy approach. However, participants had concerns regarding false-positive results, missing concurrent pathology, dealing with persistent symptoms after treatment without biopsy confirmation and the increased workload in primary care.ConclusionThe safe and effective implementation of this no-biopsy approach depends on developing clear evidence-based clinical guidelines and referral pathways, along with comprehensive education for all healthcare providers involved.