bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation reduces collinear lateral inhibition in normal peripheral vision
Authors: Raveendran Rajkumar Nallour , Tsang Katelyn , Tiwana Dilraj , Thompson Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCollinear flanking stimuli can reduce the detectability of a Gabor target presented in peripheral vision. This phenomenon is called collinear lateral inhibition and it may contribute to crowding in peripheral vision. Perceptual learning can reduce collinear lateral inhibition in peripheral vision, however intensive training is required. Our aim was to assess whether modulation of collinear lateral inhibition can be achieved within a short time-frame using a single 20-minute session of primary visual cortex anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS). Thirteen observers with normal vision performed a 2AFC contrast detection task with collinear flankers positioned at a distance of 2λ from the target (lateral inhibition) or 6λ (control condition). The stimuli were presented 6° to the left of a central cross and fixation was monitored with an infra-red eye tracker. Participants each completed two randomly sequenced, single-masked stimulation sessions; real anodal tDCS and sham tDCS. For the 2λ separation condition, a-tDCS induced a significant reduction in detection threshold (reduced lateral inhibition). Sham stimulation had no effect. No effects of a-tDCS were observed for the 6λ separation condition. This result lays the foundation for future work investigating whether a-tDCS may be useful as a visual rehabilitation tool for individuals with central vision loss who are reliant on peripheral vision.
Disrupting butterfly microbiomes does not affect host survival and development
Authors: Phalnikar Kruttika , Kunte Krushnamegh , Agashe Deepa 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAssociations with gut microbes play a crucial role in the physiology, immune function, development, and behavior of many insects. However, butterflies may be an exception to this pattern since butterfly microbiomes do not show the host-specific and developmental shifts that are expected to evolve under strong host-microbial associations. Here, we present the first experimental test of this hypothesis by disrupting gut microbial communities of two butterfly species, Danaus chrysippus and Ariadne merione. Larvae of both the species fed on host plant leaves that were either chemically sterilized or treated with antibiotics had significantly reduced bacterial loads and disrupted gut bacterial communities substantially. However, neither host species treated this way suffered a significant fitness cost. We did not find significant variation in survival, growth and development between test larvae and control larvae. This suggested that butterflies do not rely on their gut bacteria for digestion, detoxification, resource accumulation and metamorphosis. Thus, our results provide empirical support for the growing realization that dependence on gut bacteria for growth and survival is not a universal phenomenon across insects.
Selective labelling of arginine residues engaged in binding sulfatedglycosaminoglycans
Authors: Bui Thao P. , Li Yong , Nunes Quentin M. , Wilkinson Mark C. , Fernig David G. 
Published: March 2019

IAbstractThe activities of hundreds of proteins in the extracellular space are regulated by binding to the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS). These interactions are driven by ionic bonds between sulfate and carboxylate groups on the polysaccharide and the side chains of basic residues in the protein. Here we develop a method to selectively label the guanidino side chains of arginine residues in proteins that engage the anionic groups in the sugar. The protein is bound to heparin (a common experimental proxy for HS) on an affinity column. Arginine side chains that are exposed to solvent, and thus involved in binding, are protected by reaction with the dicarbonyl phenylgyoxal (PGO). Elution of the bound proteins then exposes arginine side chains that had directly engaged with anionic groups on the polysaccharide. These are reacted with hydroxyl-phenylglyoxal (HPG). PGO was found to generate three products: a 1:1 product, the 1:1 water condensed product and a 2:1 PGO:arginine product. These three reaction products and that of HPG had distinct masses. Scripts were written to analyse the mass spectra and so identify HPG labelled arginine residues. Proof of principle was acquired on model peptides. The method was then applied to the identification of heparin binding arginine residues in fibroblast growth factors (FGF) 1 and 2. The data demonstrate that four out of eleven arginine residues on FGF2 and five out of six arginine residues of FGF1 engage heparin. Our approach provides a rapid and reliable means to identify arginines involved in functional complexes such as those of proteins with heparin
COALIA: a computational model of human EEG for consciousness research
Authors: Bensaid Siouar , Modolo Julien , Merlet Isabelle , Wendling Fabrice , Benquet Pascal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the origin of the main physiological processes involved in consciousness is a major challenge of contemporary neuroscience, with crucial implications for the study of Disorders of Consciousness (DOC). The difficulties in achieving this task include the considerable quantity of experimental data in this field, along with the non-intuitive, nonlinear nature of neuronal dynamics. One possibility of integrating the main results from the experimental literature into a cohesive framework, while accounting for nonlinear brain dynamics, is the use of physiologically-inspired computational models. In this study, we present a physiologically-grounded computational model, attempting to account for the main micro-circuits identified in the human cortex, while including the specificities of each neuronal type. More specifically, the model accounts for thalamo-cortical (vertical) regulation of cortico-cortical (horizontal) connectivity, which is a central mechanism for brain information integration and processing. The distinct neuronal assemblies communicate through feedforward and feedback excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections implemented in a template brain accounting for long-range connectome. The EEG generated by this physiologically-based simulated brain is validated through comparison with brain rhythms recorded in humans in two states of consciousness (wakefulness, sleep). Using the model, it is possible to reproduce the local disynaptic disinhibition of basket cells (fast GABAergic inhibition) and glutamatergic pyramidal neurons through long-range activation of VIP interneurons that induced inhibition of SST interneurons. The model (COALIA) predicts that the strength and dynamics of the thalamic output on the cortex control the local and long-range cortical processing of information. Furthermore, the model reproduces and explains clinical results regarding the complexity of transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS-evoked EEG responses in DOC patients and healthy volunteers, through a modulation of thalamo-cortical connectivity that governs the level of cortico-cortical communication. This new model provides a quantitative framework to accelerate the study of the physiological mechanisms involved in the emergence, maintenance and disruption (sleep, anesthesia, DOC) of consciousness.
Chestnut extract but not sodium salicylate decrease the severity of diarrhea and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 shedding in artificially infected piglets
Authors: Girard M. , Hu D. , Pradervand N. , Neuenschwander S. , Bee G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe development of alternatives to antibiotics is crucial to limiting the incidence of antimicrobial resistance, especially in prophylactic and metaphylactic use to control post-weaning diarrhea (PWD). Feed additives, including bioactive compounds, could be a promising alternative. This study aimed to test two bioactive compounds, sodium salicylate (SA) and a chestnut extract (CE) containing hydrolysable tannins, on the occurrence of PWD. At weaning, 72 piglets were assigned to four treatments that combined two factors: CE supplementation (with 2% of CE (CE+) or without (CE-)) and SA supplementation (with 35 mg/kg BW of SA (SA+) or without (SA-)). Then, 4 days after weaning, all piglets were infected with a suspension at 108 CFU/ml of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC F4ac). Each piglet had free access to an electrolyte solution containing, or not, SA. This SA supplementation was administered for 5 days (i.e., from the day of infection (day 0) to 4 days post-infection (day 4). During the 2 weeks post-infection, supplementation with SA had no effect (P > 0.05) on growth performances nor on fecal scores. A significant SA × time interaction (P < 0.01) for fecal scores and the percentage of diarrhea indicated that piglets with SA did not recover faster and did have a second episode of diarrhea. In contrast to SA treatment, inclusion of CE increased (P < 0.05) growth performances and feed intake. In the first week post-infection, CE decreased (P < 0.001) the overall fecal scores, the percentage of piglets with diarrhea, the days in diarrhea, and ETEC shedding in the feces. There was a SA×CE interaction (P < 0.05) for ETEC shedding, suggesting a negative effect of combining SA with CE. This study highlighted that, in contrast to SA, CE could represent a promising alternative to antibiotics immediately after weaning for improving growth performance and reducing PWD.
Infection with a small intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri consistently alters microbial communities throughout the small and large intestine
Authors: Rapin Alexis , Chuat Audrey , Lebon Luc , Zaiss Mario M. , Marsland Benjamin , Harris Nicola L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that intestinal helminth infection can alter intestinal microbial communities with important impacts on the mammalian host. However, all of the studies to date utilize different techniques to study the microbiome and access different sites of the intestine with little consistency noted between studies. In the present study, we set out to perform a comprehensive analysis of the impact of intestinal helminth infection on the mammalian intestinal bacterial microbiome. For this purpose, we investigated the impact of experimental infection using the natural murine small intestinal helminth,Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri(Hpb) and examined possible alterations in both the mucous and luminal bacterial communities along the entire small and large intestine. We also explored the impact of common experimental variables, including the parasite batch and pre-infection microbiome, on the outcome of helminth-bacterial interactions. This work provides evidence that helminth infection reproducibly alters intestinal microbial communities – with an impact of infection noted along the entire length of the intestine. Although the exact nature of helminth-induced alterations to the intestinal microbiome differed depending on the parasite batch and microbiome community structure present prior to infection, changes extended well beyond the introduction of new bacterial species by the infecting larvae. Moreover, striking similarities between different experiments were noted, including the consistent outgrowth of a bacterium belonging to the Peptostreptococcaceae family throughout the intestine.Author SummaryIncreasing evidence indicates a role for interactions between intestinal helminths and the microbiome in regulating mammalian health, and a greater understanding of helminth-microbiota interactions may open the path for the development of novel immunomodulatory therapies. However, such studies are hampered by the inconsistent nature of the data reported so far. Such inconsistancies likely result from variations in the experimental and technological methodologies employed to investigate helminth-microbiota interactions and well has natural variation in the starting microbiome composition and/or worm genetics. We conducted a thorough study in which the reproducibility of helminth-induced alterations of microbial communities was determined and impact of common experimental variables – such as the starting microbiome and parasite batch - was determined. Our work reveals the robust ability of small intestinal helminth infection to alter microbial communities along the entire length of the intestine and additionally identifies a single bacterium that is strongly associated with infection across multiple experiments.
Magna-Lok rivet joint and the stiffness-equivalent FE model
Authors: Šedek Jakub , Růžek Roman 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for the determination of the stiffness when using simplified substitutive model of the joint. The usage of detailed finite element (FE) model of the joint in complex assemblies is not convenient; therefore, the substitutive model of the joint is used in FE models.

Design/methodology/approach
The detailed and simplified FE model of the joint is created in ABAQUS software and the analysis as well. The results of displacements are used for the determination of the stiffness of connecting element in simplified substitutive FE model. The approach is presented based on the general view on the different regions in the joint.

Findings
A simple FE modelling approach for the joint including the equivalent stiffness is presented. The particular solution is performed for Magna-Lok type of the rivet. The results show the same displacement for the detailed and simplified FE models. The analytical formula for stiffness determination in the load case with minimal secondary bending is introduced.

Practical implications
The approach for stiffness determination is straightforward and so no stiffness “tuning” is necessary in the simplified FE model.

Originality/value
The new approach for definition of simple FE model of the joint is introduced. It is not necessary to model a complex structure with detailed joints. The equivalent stiffness can be determined by presented procedure for every joint without limitation of the type.
Establishment of the Swedish Aeronautical Research Center (SARC)
Authors: Staack Ingo 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to present the newly founded Swedish Aeronautical Research Center (SARC), based on the triple helix theory, to foster the seamless Swedish aerospace research interplay between academia, research organizations and industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is a technical paper, mainly relating and explaining sources and concepts for research planning and organization. Used concepts are the triple helix approach (for socioeconomic effects), the role of academia and industry interplay for education and the technology readiness level (TRL) concept for strategic research planning. Focusing on the establishment of a graduate school, lessons learned from previous national research schools are also presented.

Findings
The paper gives an overview of and explains the interplay between politics, social welfare and industrial R&D needs, with the academic viewpoint of aeronautical research and education. Shortcomings in both the use of TRL for research program planning and the Swedish competence cluster system are identified and remedies suggested. The main findings are suggestions for future actions to be conducted by SARC in the fields of research and education.

Practical implications
The paper includes implications for the seamless interplay between academia, research organizations and industry.

Originality/value
So far, no publication about the newly founded SARC has been made yet. It is unique in the way that it makes substantial use of national technical documents so that this information becomes available for non-Swedish speakers. Additionally, the perhaps-unique system of industrial competence clusters is presented.
Corporate cash holding during crisis and beyond: what matters the most
Authors: Ranajee Ranajee , Pathak Rajesh 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the cash holding of firms during a crisis and test the widely accepted determinants of corporate cash holding (CCH) for their consistency across periods of crisis, stability and recovery, and across firm categories, in the emerging market context of India.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs panel data and Fama–Macbeth regression techniques on publicly listed ﬁrms during 2001–2015, amid controls for idiosyncratic factors. Further empirical analysis is carried out through the disaggregation of ﬁrms based on group affiliation, controlling stake of promoters, financial constraints and firm size.FindingsThe study reports that cash levels are significantly higher during crisis periods for Indian firms. Moreover, promoter holding is observed to be a strong predictor of CCH, which is an addition to the list of predictors in existing literature. Additionally, most of the predictors of cash holding turn out to be consistent through periods of financial crisis, stability and recovery. A firm’s age and growth prospects do not determine cash levels for Indian firms; however, cash-flow volatility, firm size, leverage and non-cash working capital requirements help to determine the cash levels of the firm consistently through different periods. Group-affiliated firms are less likely to engage in cash accumulation as opposed to firms that are large and financially constrained and have high promoter stakes.Originality/valueThe study is unique because it examines the consistency of determinants of cash holding across good and turbulent times and across firm classifications. Moreover, the study uses a broad sample of firms and investigates the topic for a relatively long period in an emerging market setup.
Exploring project managers’ accountability
Authors: Rezania Davar , Baker Ron , Nixon Andrew 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Despite the importance of accountability for the oversight of projects, few studies have directly examined accountability mechanisms at the project level. While the literature already provides descriptions of governance and mechanisms of accountability, the purpose of this paper is to examine how project managers view their accountability relationships within their organizational context.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is guided by critical realism as a philosophy of science. The authors interviewed 15 project managers from 12 organizations and analyzed the transcripts in the light of existing project management accountability literature.

Findings
The authors observe the practice of socializing accountability through face-to-face negotiation and symmetries of power due to interdependencies happen to some extent in management of projects. This suggests ambidexterity in accountability in project-based organizations. Therefore, the current models of project accountability and governance that are solely based on the agency theory are not sufficient to explain the accountability relationships in such organizations.

Practical implications
Accountability arrangements happen within a system for steering projects. Managers should be aware of how project managers view their accountability and how socializing practices of accountability can help the project’s management and the organization’s management interact in order to transform organizational systems by regulating issues of project concern and defining the process and direction of how project deliverables are produced, introduced, absorbed and used within the organization.

Originality/value
“Theory driven” interviews and analysis are used to confirm or refine conceptualization of accountability in management of projects. Most models of project governance are based on the agency theory or governability theory. The authors have demonstrated that socializing practices of accountability should be included in investigating project governance. The authors observe that project managers are often concerned with the interdependence with their principals and the socializing processes of accountability that arise from this interdependence.
US Supreme court rules SEC administrative law judges are subject to the appointments clause
Authors: Roth Joshua D. , Santolli Justin J. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Supreme Court’s decision in Lucia v. Securities and Exchange Commission, 138 S.Ct. 2044 (June 21, 2018).

Design/methodology/approach
The approach of this paper is to discuss the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) use of Administrative Law Judges (“ALJs”), and the litigation challenging the appointment of those ALJs, culminating in the Supreme Court’s decision in Lucia.

Findings
In Lucia, the Court held that SEC ALJs are “officers of the United States,” and thus subject to the Constitution’s Appointments Clause, which limits the power to appoint “officers” to the President, “Courts of Law” or “Heads of Departments.” Because the ALJ who presided over Lucia’s administrative proceeding was not appointed by the SEC itself, the Court held that the ALJ’s appointment was unconstitutional and ordered the SEC to provide Lucia with a new hearing in front of a new (constitutionally appointed) ALJ.

Practical implications
The Supreme Court’s decision in Lucia provides defense counsel with new ammunition to challenge SEC administrative proceedings. It will likely have a significant effect on many pending and already-concluded SEC administrative proceedings but also leaves open a number of important questions for further litigation.

Originality/value
This paper provides expert analysis and guidance from experienced securities litigators.
Greenwashing effect, attitudes, and beliefs in green consumption
Authors: Braga Junior Sergio , Martínez Marta Pagán , Correa Caroline Miranda , Moura-Leite Rosamaria Cox , Da Silva Dirceu 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the perception of the influence of greenwashing and of attitudes and beliefs in the decisions of purchase of green products in the retail.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative research was carried out by means of a survey with a sample of 880 consumers living in São Paulo city, Brazil, who buy in supermarkets weekly or biweekly.

Findings
It was possible to evaluate a model that analyzed the aspects that greenwashing carries and the aspects that the attitudes and beliefs of the consumer present. As a result, it is inferred that when greenwashing is identified in the product, it loses the aspects of loyalty, satisfaction and benefits, as well as becoming a product that causes confusion of consumption. Further, consumer attitudes and beliefs show that they are guided by the aspects of perceived loyalty, satisfaction and benefits and that the perceived risk aspect is practically ignored.

Originality/value
The originality of this study is in evaluating consumer perception focusing on several aspects of purchase intention simultaneously, considering perception and behavior of consumer before greenwashing and green consumption and using all aspects together (satisfaction, loyalty, subjective and control forces, risk and benefits perception). Besides complementing with other determinants like consumer attitudes and beliefs, confusion of green consumption, behavior controlled in relation to green consumption and greenwashing. Thus, it contributes with an interdisciplinary study whose scale and methodology can be used by analogous studies.