bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ needs for care robots in integrated nursing care services
Authors: Lee Jai‐Yon , Song Young Ae , Jung Ji Young , Kim Hyun Jeong , Kim Bo Ram , Do Hyun‐Kyung , Lim Jae‐Young 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsTo determine the need for care robots among nurses and to suggest how robotic care should be prioritized in integrated nursing care services.BackgroundKorea is expected to be a super‐aged society by 2030. To solve care issues with elderly inpatient caused by informal caregivers, the government introduced “integrated nursing care services”; these are comprehensive care systems staffed by professionally trained nurses. To assist them, a care robot development project has been launched.DesignThe study applied a cross‐sectional survey.MethodsIn 2016, we conducted a multicentre survey involving 302 Registered Nurses in five hospitals including three tertiary and two secondary hospitals in Korea. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of nurses and their views on and extents of agreement about issues associated with robotic care.ResultsTrial centre nurses and those with ≥10 years of experience reported positively on the prospects for robotic care. The top‐three desired primary roles for care robots were “measuring/monitoring”, “mobility/activity” and “safety care”. “Reduction in workload”, especially in terms of “other nursing services” which were categorized as nonvalue‐added nursing activities, was the most valued feature. The nurses approved of the aid by care robots but were concerned about device malfunction and interruption of rapport with patients.ConclusionCare robots are expected to be effective in integrated nursing care services, particularly in “measuring/monitoring”. Such robots should decrease nurses’ workload and minimize nonvalue‐added nursing activities efficiently. No matter how excellent care robots are, they must cooperate with and be controlled by nurses.
A case study of nurse practitioner care compared with general practitioner care for children with respiratory tract infections
Authors: van Vugt Saskia F. , van de Pol Alma C. , Cleveringa Frits G.W. , Stellato Rebecca K. , Kappers Marieke P. , de Wit Niek J. , Damoiseaux Roger A.M.J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo compare quality of care provided by nurse practitioners (NP) with care provided by general practitioners (GP) for children with respiratory tract infections (RTI) in the Netherlands.BackgroundNurse practitioners increasingly manage acute conditions in general practice, with opportunities for more protocolled care. Studies on quality of NPs’ care for children with RTIs are limited to theUShealthcare system and do not take into account baseline differences in illness severity.DesignRetrospective observational cohort study.MethodsData were extracted from electronic healthcare records of children 0–6 years presenting with RTI between January–December 2013. Primary outcomes were antibiotic prescriptions and early return visits. Generalized estimating equations were used to correct for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 899 RTI consultations were assessed (168 seen by NP; 731 by GP). Baseline characteristics differed between these groups. Overall antibiotic prescription and early return visit rates were 21% and 24%, respectively. Adjusted odds ratio for antibiotic prescription after NP vs. GP delivered care was 1.40 (95% confidence interval 0.89–2.22) and for early return visits 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.01–2.31). Important confounder for antibiotic prescription was illness severity. Presence of wheezing was a confounder for return visits. Complication and referral rates did not differ.ConclusionAntibiotic prescription, complication and referral rates for paediatric RTI consultations did not differ significantly between NP and GP consultations, after correction for potential confounders. General practitioners, however, see more severely ill children and have a lower return visit rate. A randomised controlled study is needed to determine whether NP care quality is truly noninferior.
A mixed‐method systematic review of the effectiveness and acceptability of preoperative psychological preparation programmes to reduce paediatric preoperative anxiety in elective surgery
Authors: Dai Ying , Livesley Joan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo explore the effectiveness of preoperative psychological preparation programmes aimed to reduce paediatric preoperative anxiety and the potential factors that could have an impact on parent and children's acceptance of such interventions.BackgroundVarious preoperative psychological preparation programmes are available to address paediatric preoperative anxiety. No mixed‐method review has been conducted to explore the effectiveness and acceptability of these programmes.DesignA mixed‐method systematic review.Data sourcesSeven bibliographic databases were searched from inception to September 2016, complemented by hand searching of key journals, the reference lists of relevant reviews, search for grey literature and the contacting of associated experts.Review methodsThe review process was conducted based on the framework developed by the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co‐ordinating Centre. A narrative summary and a thematic synthesis were developed to synthesize the quantitative and qualitative data respectively, followed by a third synthesis to combine the previous syntheses.ResultsNineteen controlled trials and eleven qualitative studies were included for data synthesis. The controlled trials reveal that educational multimedia applications and web‐based programmes may reduce paediatric preoperative anxiety, while the effectiveness of therapeutic play and books remains uncertain. Qualitative studies showed parent–child dyads seek different levels of information.ConclusionsProviding matched information provision to each parent and child, actively involving children and their parents and teaching them coping skills, may be the essential hallmarks of a successful preoperative psychological preparation. Further research is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of therapeutic play and books.
ZEB1‐mediated vasculogenic mimicry formation associates with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell phenotypes in prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Hua , Huang Bin , Li Bai Mou , Cao Kai Yuan , Mo Chen Qiang , Jiang Shuang Jian , Pan Jin Cheng , Wang Zong Ren , Lin Huan Yi , Wang Dao Hu , Qiu Shao Peng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe zinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) induced the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and altered ZEB1 expression could lead to aggressive and cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypes in various cancers. Tissue specimens from 96 prostate cancer patients were collected for immunohistochemistry and CD34/periodic acid–Schiff double staining. Prostate cancer cells were subjected to ZEB1 knockdown or overexpression and assessment of the effects on vasculogenic mimicry formation in vitro and in vivo. The underlying molecular events of ZEB1‐induced vasculogenic mimicry formation in prostate cancer were then explored. The data showed that the presence of VM and high ZEB1 expression was associated with higher Gleason score, TNM stage, and lymph node and distant metastases as well as with the expression of vimentin and CD133 in prostate cancer tissues. Furthermore, ZEB1 was required for VM formation and altered expression of EMT‐related and CSC‐associated proteins in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ZEB1 also facilitated tumour cell migration, invasion and clonogenicity. In addition, the effects of ZEB1 in prostate cancer cells were mediated by Src signalling; that is PP2, a specific inhibitor of the Src signalling, dose dependently reduced the p‐Src527 level but not p‐Src416 level, while ZEB1 knockdown also down‐regulated the level of p‐Src527 in PC3 and DU‐145 cells. PP2 treatment also significantly reduced the expression of VE‐cadherin, vimentin and CD133 in these prostate cancer cells. Src signalling mediated the effects of ZEB1 on VM formation and gene expression.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor anagliptin ameliorates hypercholesterolemia in hypercholesterolemic mice through inhibition of intestinal cholesterol transport
Authors: Goto Moritaka , Furuta Shinji , Yamashita Satoko , Hashimoto Hiroyuki , Yano Wataru , Inoue Noriyuki , Kato Noriaki , Kaku Kohei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionRecent data showed that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors exert a lipid‐lowering effect in diabetes patients. However, the mechanism of action is not yet clearly understood. We investigated the effect of anagliptin on cholesterol metabolism and transport in the small intestine using non‐diabetic hyperlipidemic animals, to clarify the mechanisms underlying the cholesterol‐lowering action.Materials and MethodsMale apolipoprotein E (ApoE)‐deficient mice were orally administered anagliptin in the normal chow. Serum cholesterol levels and lipoprotein profiles were measured, and cholesterol transport was assessed by measuring the radioactivity in the tissues after oral loading of 14C‐labeled cholesterol (14C‐Chol). In additional experiments, effects of exendin‐4 in mice and of anagliptin in DPP‐4‐deficient rats were assessed. Effects on target gene expressions in the intestine were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in normal mice.ResultsThe serum total and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased after anagliptin treatment in the ApoE‐deficient mice. The cholesterol‐lowering effect was predominantly observed in the chylomicron fraction. The plasma 14C‐Chol radioactivity was significantly decreased by 26% at 2 h after cholesterol loading, and the fecal 14C‐Chol excretion was significantly increased by 38% at 72 h. The aforementioned effects on cholesterol transport were abrogated in rats lacking DPP‐4 activity, and exendin‐4 had no effect on the 14C‐Chol transport in ApoE‐deficient mice. Furthermore, significant decreases of the intestinal cholesterol transport‐related microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, acyl‐coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2, ApoA2 and ApoC2 messenger ribonucleic acid expressions were observed in the mice treated with repeated doses of anagliptin.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that anagliptin might exert a cholesterol‐lowering action through DPP‐4‐dependent and glucagon‐like peptide 1‐independent suppression of intestinal cholesterol transport.
Ontogeny of gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone in the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus
Authors: Di Yorio M. P. , Sallemi J. E. , Toledo Solís F. J. , Pérez Sirkin D. I. , Delgadin T. H. , Tsutsui K. , Vissio P. G. 
Published: May 2018

RFamide peptides are expressed in the early stages of development in most vertebrates. Gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH) belongs to the RFamide family, and its role in reproduction has been widely studied in adult vertebrates, ranging from fish to mammals. Because only 3 reports have evaluated GnIH during development, the present study aimed to characterise the ontogeny of GnIH in the fish model Cichlasoma dimerus. We detected the presence of 2 GnIH‐immunoreactive (‐IR) cell clusters with spatial and temporal differences. One cluster was observed by 3 days post‐hatching (dph) in the nucleus olfacto‐retinalis (NOR) and the other in the nucleus posterioris periventricularis by 14 dph. The number of GnIH‐IR neurones increased in both nuclei, whereas their size increased only in the NOR from hatchling to juvenile stages. These changes occurred from the moment that larvae started feeding exogenously and during development and differentiation of gonadal primordia. We showed by double‐label immunofluorescence that only GnIH‐IR neurones in the NOR co‐expressed gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone 3 associated peptide. In addition, GnIH‐IR fibre density increased in all brain regions from 5 dph. GnIH‐IR fibres were also detected in the retina, optic tract and optic tectum, suggesting that GnIH acts as a neuromodulator of photoreception and the integration of different sensory modalities. Furthermore, there were GnIH‐IR fibres in the pituitary from 14 dph, which were in close association with somatotrophs. Moreover, GnIH‐IR fibres were observed in the saccus vasculosus from 30 dph, suggesting a potential role of GnIH in the modulation of its function. Finally, we found that gnih was expressed from 1 dph, and that the pattern of variation of its transcript levels was in accordance with that of cell number. The results of the present study comprise a starting point for the study of new GnIH roles during development.
Unsung heroes, flying blind—A metasynthesis of parents’ experiences of caring for children with special health‐care needs at home
Authors: Nygård Carina , Clancy Anne 
Published: May 2018

Aims and objectivesTo aggregate, synthesise and interpret qualitative research studies of parents’ experiences of caring for a child with special health‐care needs at home.BackgroundAdvances in the field of medical and nursing science have ensured better survival rates for children with chronic illnesses. Many of these children have significant special health‐care needs. Today parents assume a caregiver role, undertaking tasks previously provided by nurses in hospitals. As the complexity of care delivered by parents continues to develop, synthesised knowledge can provide an evidence base that will support and guide nurses when caring for these families.DesignMetasynthesis.MethodsBased upon a systematic search protocol, a structured literature search, covering the years 2003–2016, was conducted in five electronic databases. Ten studies were included and appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program assessment tool. A metasummary and a metasynthesis were undertaken guided by the metasynthesis methodology as described by Sandelowski and Barroso (Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research. New York, NY: Springer, 2007).ResultsThe results were interpreted and integrated under the overarching theme “unsung heroes, flying blind,” supported by eight elucidating categories that illustrate aspects of the parents’ life world.ConclusionsThe enormous burden of care can weaken the parents’ will to carry on and result in a decreased ability to provide care. This can have an impact on the parents’ health, family functioning and the sick child's potential health outcomes. Nurses are in a unique position to help these families and should be better prepared for the role.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge of how parents of children with special health‐care needs experience their daily lives can promote trust in nurses and guide them in their efforts to support families with children living with chronic illness.
Pain and development of identity in adolescents who frequently use over‐the‐counter analgesics: A qualitative study
Authors: Skarstein Siv , Lagerløv Per , Kvarme Lisbeth Gravdal , Helseth Sølvi 
Published: May 2018

Aims and objectivesThis study aims to describe conditions that may influence the development of identity in adolescents frequently using over‐the‐counter analgesics.BackgroundFrequent self‐medication with analgesics among adolescents is associated with several physical pain points, low self‐esteem and low ambitions for the future. Continuous use of over‐the‐counter analgesics can keep adolescents from learning healthier coping strategies.DesignQualitative individual interviews with adolescents and their mothers were conducted and transcribed. Furthermore, they were analysed as dyads.Setting and participantsStudents aged 14–16 years in 9th and 10th grades in 10 Norwegian junior high schools self‐reporting at least weekly use of analgesics were asked to participate. Those who wanted to take part took a consent letter to their parents, also inviting the parent to participate.ResultsSix girls, two boys and their mothers were included. The teenagers were highly dependent on their mothers. They had often been bullied, lacked good relationships with peers, avoided conflicts and strived to be accepted. Their mothers felt solely responsible for their upbringing and showed great concern for all the pain experienced by their child. A close relationship between mother and child influenced how the adolescent managed their pain, including their use of over‐the‐counter analgesics. Three main themes were identified in the stories of mother and child: “Vulnerable adolescents,” “Mother knows best” and “Pain is a shared project.”ConclusionsPain among adolescents may be amplified by a difficult family situation and insecure relationships with peers. Strategies within the family may sustain pain as a shared project keeping the adolescent and main caregiver close together, and this might be hampering identity development. To help adolescents with pain and high consumption of over‐the‐counter analgesics, the adolescents’ relationship with parents must be considered in designing an intervention. Guidance on pain assessment, pain management, including appropriate use of over‐the‐counter analgesics, should be included.
Temporal trends in paediatric bacterial meningitis in a tropical Australian region: 1992–2014
Authors: White Stephanie , Katf Hala , Baird Rob , Francis Joshua 
Published: May 2018

AimThe epidemiology of community‐acquired bacterial meningitis has changed following the introduction of routine immunisation against common causative organisms. Indigenous children living in the Northern Territory, Australia, have high rates of bacterial infections. This study describes changes in the epidemiology of childhood bacterial meningitis and the distribution of the burden of disease in the Top End.MethodsA retrospective review of cases derived from hospital medical records and laboratory data was performed. Inclusion criteria were children aged 3 months to 14 years of age, admitted to Royal Darwin Hospital between 1992 and 2014 and diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. Annual incidence of bacterial meningitis and the distribution of causative pathogens are described. Demographic data, investigations, treatment and outcomes were compared between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous children.ResultsThere were 137 cases of childhood bacterial meningitis identified over the 23‐year period. The incidence reduced from 21 per 100 000 children per year for 1992–2002 to 11 per 100 000 per year for 2003–2014 (P = 0.0025). Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis were the most common causative organisms, with a reduction in cases for each pathogen observed across the study period. Indigenous children were over‐represented (104/137, 76%). Case fatality rate was 8% (11/137); 91% of fatal cases presented to a remote facility.ConclusionsThe incidence of childhood bacterial meningitis has declined in the Northern Territory of Australia, but Indigenous children are disproportionately affected. Routine immunisation is beneficial for all, although further efforts to ‘Close the Gap’ between health outcomes in Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians is required.
Teaching paediatric basic life support in medical schools using peer teaching or video demonstration: A prospective randomised trial
Authors: Stephan Frederik , Groetschel Hanjo , Büscher Anja K , Serdar Deniz , Groes Kjell A , Büscher Rainer 
Published: May 2018

AimThe outcome of children with an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest is still poor, but bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation can increase survival and minimise severe neurological sequelae. While teaching basic life support is standardised in emergency medicine classes, paediatric basic life support (PBLS) in neonates and toddlers is under‐represented in paediatric curricula during university education. The appropriate mixture of E‐learning and peer teaching lessons remains controversial in teaching paediatric basic skills. However, an increasing number of medical schools and paediatric classes switch their curricula to much cheaper and less tutor‐dependent E‐learning modules. We hypothesise that a peer teaching lesson is superior to a PBLS video demonstration with co‐extensive contents and improves knowledge, skills and adherence to resuscitation guidelines.MethodsEighty‐eight medical students were randomly assigned to a video PBLS lesson (n = 44) or a peer teaching group (n = 44). An objective structured clinical examination was performed immediately after the class and at the end of the semester.ResultsStudents taught by a peer teacher performed significantly better immediately after the initial course and at the end of the semester when compared to the video‐trained group (P = 0.008 and P = 0.003, respectively). In addition, a borderline regression analysis also revealed a better resuscitation performance of students instructed in the peer teaching group.ConclusionsIn our setting, peer teaching is superior and more sustainable than a co‐extensive video demonstration alone when teaching PBLS to medical students. However, additional studies with combinations of different teaching methods are necessary to evaluate long‐term outcomes.
Group sizes of giraffes in Kenya: the influence of habitat, predation and the age and sex of individuals
Authors: Muller Z. , Cuthill I. C. , Harris S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGiraffe group sizes appear to vary in response to localized ecological and environmental factors, but there has been little investigation of how social factors or predation risk affect group size in giraffes. We studied two adjacent, enclosed populations of Rothschild's giraffes in Kenya, and used 591 records of groups to determine the relative influence of a series of variables on group size. One population was free from any risk of predation, while the other area contained a high density of lions. Mean group size was smaller in the population with lions, but a series of Generalized Linear Mixed Models accounting for habitat and age/sex class of individuals showed that the presence of high numbers of juveniles in the area free from lions artificially inflated group sizes. Removing juveniles from the analysis showed that contrary to the existing creche hypothesis, adult females were found in smaller groups when they had calves. We found no evidence that predation risk influenced grouping behaviour. Rather, recruitment and habitat type had a stronger influence on group sizes, but the results were complex and varied between different age and sex classes of individual. We conclude that predation is not an important driver of giraffe grouping, and that further research is necessary to understand the complex behaviour and ecology of this prominent yet understudied species.
Impact of mean arterial pressure on sublingual microcirculation during cardiopulmonary bypass—Secondary outcome from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Holmgaard Frederik , Vedel Anne G. , Ravn Hanne Berg , Nilsson Jens C. , Rasmussen Lars S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveIn this substudy of a randomized, clinical trial, we explored the sublingual microcirculation during cardiac surgery at 2 different levels of blood pressure. We hypothesized that a higher map during CPB would cause higher MFI.MethodsThirty‐six cardiac surgery patients undergoing CABG were included and randomized to either low (40‐50 mm Hg) or high (70‐80 mm Hg) MAP during CPB. SDF video images were recorded from the sublingual mucosa. Recordings were analyzed in a blinded fashion to quantify microcirculatory variables.ResultsMAP during CPB in the low target group was 45.0 mm Hg (SD: 5.3) vs 67.2 mm Hg (SD: 8.9) in the high target group. We found no significant difference between the 2 groups in MFI during CPB evaluated for AV: 2.91 vs 2.90 (P = .82). For sm AV (<20 μm), the corresponding values were 2.87 and 2.85 in the low and high target groups, respectively (P = .82).ConclusionsWe found no significant difference in sublingual microcirculatory flow expressed as MFI according to 2 different levels of MAP during CPB.