bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation kinetics and volatile identification in poly(lactic acid), aloe vera, and polyester polyol biocomposites
Authors: Soares Nicole Pereira , Barreto José Vinícius Melo , Nicácio Pedro Henrique Medeiros , de Melo Renato Pereira , da Silva Barbosa Ferreira Eduardo , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Araújo Edcleide Maria , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolymers derived from renewable sources and sustainable processes have been investigated as alternatives to petrochemicals, aiming to improve performance and avoid environmental damage. In this context, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a renewable thermoplastic source, used in biocomposite matrices. This study investigated the thermal and mechanical properties, kinetics, and degradation mechanisms of PLA‐based biocomposites with addition of aloe vera (AV) extract and Priplast™ (Pr). PLA/AV/Pr biocomposites exhibited hardness and heat‐deflection temperature (HDT) similar to PLA. Thermogravimetry (TG) and TG coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR) measurements showed that PLA/AV/Pr compounds presented higher thermal stability than PLA. Kinetic study, using the isoconversional models of Friedman, Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS), and Ozawa‐Flynn‐Wall (OFW), demonstrated that PLA/AV/Pr compounds have higher degradation activation energies than PLA, with R2 and R3 mechanisms acting competitively. Gases released during degradation were identified as H2O, CH4, CO2, CO, lactide, and acetaldehyde. The PLA/AV/Pr biocomposites exhibited superior mechanical properties and thermal stability compared to neat PLA.
Microwave Synthesis and Luminescence Efficiencies in Mixed‐Ligand Europium Complexes
Authors: Oliveira Miriam K. N. G. , Castro Gerson P. , Gonçalves Simone M. C. , Simas Alfredo M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe microwave‐assisted methodology is now extended and fine‐tuned for the synthesis of mixed‐ligand europium complexes with an average reaction time of 12 min. Overall, 14 different complexes were synthesized to improve luminescence using our previously proposed strategy to boost luminescence through ligand diversification, specifically by applying it to quaternary europium complexes with at least one DBM (1,3‐diphenylpropane‐1,3‐dionate) ligand. DBM is a strong absorbant of UV radiation that can dissipate energy through nonradiative channels; thus, it is a useful molecular scaffold for sunblockers and cosmetics. Accordingly, the following luminescent tetrakis and quaternary complexes were prepared: K[Eu(DBM)4], K[Eu(β)4], K[Eu(DBM)3(β)], K[Eu(DBM)2(β)2], K[Eu(DBM)2(β)(β’)], and the fully mixed complex K[Eu(DBM)(BTFA)(TTA)(HFAC)], where β can be either BTFA (4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1‐phenylbutane‐1,3‐dionate), TTA (4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1‐(2‐thienyl)butane‐1,3‐dionate), or HFAC (1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoropentane‐2,4‐dionate). For all the complexes, luminescence experiments were performed in chloroform and acetone solutions. Our findings confirm that mixed‐ligand complexes exhibit superior quantum efficiencies compared to the average of their homoleptic counterparts. The presence of DBM in the complexes tends to dramatically increase the nonradiative decay rates of the solutions. Finally, we present formulae that provide a detailed understanding of the distinctive roles of each ligand and their relevant interactions in luminescence.
Cell–cell fusion: To lose one life and begin another
Authors: Whitlock Jarred M. , Chernomordik Leonid V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs life extended into eukaryota, a great host of strategies emerged in the pursuit of cellular life. Some cells have been successful in solitude, some moved into cooperatives (i.e., multicellular organisms), but one additional strategy emerged. Throughout eukaryotes, many of the diverse multicellular cooperatives took life in partnership one step further. These cells came together and lost their singularity in the expanse of syncytial life. Recently in our search for this elusive “how”, we discovered the intriguing peculiarity of a nuclear, RNA‐binding protein living a second life as a fusion manager at the surface of developing osteoclasts, ushering them into syncytia 1. It is from here that we will develop several thoughts about the advantages of multinucleated cells and discuss how these fusing cells pass through several hallmarks of cell death. We will propose that cell fusion shares much with cell death because cell fusion is a death of sorts for the cells that undergo it – a death of the life that was and the beginning of new life in a community without borders.
Quantitative Analysis of Complex Aluminum Electrolytes by X‐Ray Fluorescence
Authors: Tan Qi , Gao Bingliang , Gao Pengde , Fan Chao , Li Haijun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe future production of electrolytic aluminum will be characterized by low temperature, low carbon emissions, and environmental friendliness, which will result in a more complex electrolyte system. Real‐time analysis of electrolytes can significantly enhance the efficiency of the electrolytic process. However, accurately analyzing the composition of complex aluminum electrolytes online has been a technical challenge. This research primarily focuses on determining the ingredient contents of complex aluminum electrolytes based on elemental concentrations measured using X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) according to an applicable standard. Calibration curves were established based on 53 standard samples of complex aluminum electrolytes to establish relationships between XRF fluorescence intensity and real concentrations. Analysis conducted on industrial complex electrolytes confirms that these newly constructed curves effectively reduce relative errors to less than 3%. Additionally, a feasible solution is proposed for determining the cryolite ratio (CR) in aluminum electrolytes using XRF. Results demonstrate an average deviation as low as approximately 0.02, fully meeting industrial production requirements. This technique offers numerous benefits including rapid analysis, ease of use, and cost savings.
Association Between the Fetal‐Type Posterior Cerebral Artery and Hypertensive Thalamic Hemorrhage
Authors: Pu Tianqiang , Zhong Xuemin , Jiang Guohui , Wu Zhengjun , He Shixu , Long Yanling , Liang Qiuxia , Tu Xionglong , Yao Suqiu , Wang Jian , He Mingfang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study investigated the association between the fetal‐type posterior cerebral artery (FTP) and hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage (HTH).MethodPatients with hypertension who met the admission criteria between January 2020 and August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the HTH and non‐HTH groups based on the presence or absence of thalamic hemorrhage, respectively. In addition to whether the variable was an FTP, other variables with unbalanced distributions between the two groups were used as matching factors for 1:1 propensity score matching, and other variables that were not used as matching factors were used as covariates for conditional logistic regression.ResultsA total of 722 patients were included in the study, with 115 in the HTH group and 607 in the non‐HTH group. After propensity score matching, 114 patients were included in both groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the FTP (p = 0.003, odds ratio [OR]: 2.712, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.407–5.225) and homocysteine levels (p = 0.007; OR: 1.051; 95% CI: 1.014–1.089) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of HTH.ConclusionThe incidence of FTP is not low, and it is an independent risk factor for HTH. Early recognition and appropriate monitoring are warranted for cases of FTP.
Manipulation in the In Situ Growth Design Parameters of Aqueous Zinc‐Based Electrodes for Batteries: The Fundamentals and Perspectives
Authors: Che Lah Nurul Akmal 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPrecise exploitation of the growth of Zn metal anode in a power converter system has re‐emerged as one of the technological interests that have surged globally in the past 5 years, specifically to improve the practical use of deep cycling metal batteries. In this review, the in situ architectures of aqueous Zn metal‐based batteries focusing on the intrinsic geometrical building block and their respective mode of assembly classifying the deposition morphologies are scrutinised and discussed. The fundamental electrochemical kinetic principles and the associated critical issues, especially associated with the metal plague deposition that influences the morphology of deposited Zn, are considered. Also, the growing interest in the interphase system, which has an intense influence in characterising the types of Zn deposition morphology, is included. Consideration of the fundamental crystal features of Zn, endowing the predominant key for its growth assembly, is provided. Last, the review offers perspectives on the current progress of Zn–Air batteries in the application of electric vehicles.
Autoimmune Diseases and Risk of Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Authors: Shi Xiaoting , Wallach Joshua D. , Ma Xiaomei , Rogne Tormod 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNon‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most common haematologic malignancies in the world. Despite substantial efforts to identify causes and risk factors for NHL, its aetiology is largely unclear. Autoimmune diseases have long been considered potential risk factors for NHL. We carried out Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses to examine whether genetically predicted susceptibility to ten autoimmune diseases (Behçet's disease, coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, lupus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes) is associated with risk of NHL.MethodsTwo‐sample MR was performed using publicly available summary statistics from cohorts of European ancestry. For NHL and four NHL subtypes, we used data from UK Biobank, Kaiser Permanente cohorts, and FinnGen studies.ResultsNegative associations between type 1 diabetes and sarcoidosis and the risk of NHL were observed (odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92–0.98, p = 5 × 10−3, and OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85–0.99, p = 2.8 × 10−2, respectively). These findings were supported by the sensitivity analyses accounting for potential pleiotropy and weak instrument bias. No significant associations were found between the other eight autoimmune diseases and NHL risk.ConclusionThese findings suggest that genetically predicted susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, and to some extent sarcoidosis, might reduce the risk of NHL. However, future studies with different datasets, approaches, and populations are warranted to further examine the potential associations between these autoimmune diseases and the risk of NHL.
Pan‐Cancer Survival Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a National Healthcare System
Authors: Miller Sean R. , Schipper Matthew , Fritsche Lars G. , Jiang Ralph , Strohbehn Garth , Ötleş Erkin , McMahon Benjamin H. , Crivelli Silvia , Zamora‐Resendiz Rafael , Ramnath Nithya , Yoo Shinjae , Dai Xin , Sankar Kamya , Edwards Donna M. , Allen Steven G. , Green Michael D. , Bryant Alex K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe cumulative, health system‐wide survival benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is unclear, particularly among real‐world patients with limited life expectancies and among subgroups poorly represented on clinical trials. We sought to determine the health system‐wide survival impact of ICIs.MethodsWe identified all patients receiving PD‐1/PD‐L1 or CTLA‐4 inhibitors from 2010 to 2023 in the national Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system (ICI cohort) and all patients who received non‐ICI systemic therapy in the years before ICI approval (historical control). ICI and historical control cohorts were matched on multiple cancer‐related prognostic factors, comorbidities, and demographics. The effect of ICI on overall survival was quantified with Cox regression incorporating matching weights. Cumulative life‐years gained system‐wide were calculated from the difference in adjusted 5‐year restricted mean survival times.ResultsThere were 27,322 patients in the ICI cohort and 69,801 patients in the historical control cohort. Among ICI patients, the most common cancer types were NSCLC (46%) and melanoma (10%). ICI demonstrated a large OS benefit in most cancer types with heterogeneity across cancer types (NSCLC: adjusted HR [aHR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.58, p < 0.001; urothelial: aHR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–1.01, p = 0.066). The relative benefit of ICI was stable across patient age, comorbidity, and self‐reported race subgroups. Across VHA, 15,859 life‐years gained were attributable to ICI within 5‐years of treatment, with NSCLC contributing the most life‐years gained.ConclusionWe demonstrated substantial increase in survival due to ICIs across a national health system, including in patient subgroups poorly represented on clinical trials.
Recent Insights into the Reaction Mechanisms of Non‐Heme Diiron Enzymes Containing Oxoiron(IV) Complexes
Authors: Li Rui‐Ning , Chen Shi‐Lu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOxoiron(IV) complexes are key intermediates in the catalytic reactions of some non‐heme diiron enzymes. These enzymes, across various subfamilies, activate dioxygen to generate high‐valent diiron‐oxo species, which, in turn, drive the activation of substrates and mediate a variety of challenging oxidative transformations. In this review, we summarize the structures, formation mechanisms, and functions of high‐valent diiron‐oxo intermediates in eight representative diiron enzymes (sMMO, RNR, ToMO, MIOX, PhnZ, SCD1, AlkB, and SznF) spanning five subfamilies. We also categorize and analyze the structural and mechanistic differences among these enzymes.
The challenge of triple intestinal parasite infections in immigrants—A call for comprehensive differential diagnosis
Authors: Siddig Emmanuel Edwar , Ahmed Ayman 
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical MessageScreening for parasitic infections among displaced populations including migrants, refugees, and internally displaced persons is crucial to prevent long‐term complications associated with untreated infections. Additionally, prompt treatment with appropriate medications like praziquantel and albendazole can lead to significant improvement and successful patient outcomes. This case highlights the necessity of heightened awareness, early detection, and effective management of parasitic infections to enhance public health efforts and minimize the spread of these diseases. Implementing multisectoral One Health will improve human, animal, and environmental health globally using limited resources.AbstractParasitic infections including Schistosoma spp., hookworm, and Strongyloides spp. are commonly co‐existing diseases in underdeveloped countries including South Sudan and Sudan. These infections are often presented with no specific symptoms, therefore they remain undetected and eventually leading to long‐term complications. Latent parasitic infections among adults particularly displaced population like migrants and refugees have recently gained global attention. In this case report, we present the case of a young male immigrant from South Sudan with multi‐parasitic infections. The patient was admitted to a hospital complaining of gastrointestinal symptoms of hematemesis and melena, which were accompanied by signs of liver and spleen enlargement, coupled with low blood cell counts. While liver function tests showed no abnormalities, stool examinations confirmed the presence of S. mansoni, hook worm eggs, and Rhabditiform first‐stage larvae of S. stercoralis. The patient was treated with medications such as praziquantel and albendazole, which resulted in full recovery and discharge from the hospital. This case highlights the importance of considering multiple infections among patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, especially in endemic areas. Cost‐effective prevention and control strategy require the implementation of a multisectoral One Health strategy for the surveillance, prevention, and control of parasitic infections in human, animals, and the environment.
1‐(2’‐Hydroxy‐2’‐Methylpropionyl)Glycoside as a Versatile Glycosyl Donor for O‐/C‐Glycosylation
Authors: Liu Meng , Liu Fen , Xiao Hui , Wang Peng‐Yu , Liu Miao , Ye Xin‐Shan , Xiong De‐Cai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerein, we developed a Lewis acid‐mediated O‐glycosylation and C‐glycosylation protocol using stable glycosyl 2’‐hydroxy‐2’‐methylpropionates as donors. These glycosylation reactions reached completion within 1 h at room temperature. The practicality of this protocol is characterized by their straightforward operation and efficient applicability to various substrates, including both disarmed and armed glycosyl donors, through the remote activation of easily accessible TMSOTf.
Iodide Double Perovskites and the Limits of their Structural Stability
Authors: Mulligan Anya S. , Kent Greggory T. , Zhuang Jiale , Zohar Arava , Albanese Kaitlin R. , Morgan Emily E. , Wu Guang , Cheetham Anthony K. , Seshadri Ram 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile halide double perovskites A2M(I)M(III)X6 have attracted significant attention, examples involving iodides are rare. We examine the limits of the structural stability of iodide double perovskites, presenting the synthesis and single‐crystal structures of Cs2NaScI6 and Cs2NaYI6. Bypassing the common expectation that iodides have small band gaps, these compounds display optical gaps of 3.10 eV [M(III) = Sc] and 3.65 eV [M(III) = Y]. Cs2NaScI6 is the only iodide double perovskite to exhibit a cubic crystal structure at room temperature. Density functional theory‐based electronic structure calculations help understand the role of competing Cs3M(III)2I9 (3 : 2 : 9) phases and provide possible reasons for why iodide double perovskites based around In(III), Sb(III) and Bi(III) cations have proved elusive. We confirm design rules for halide double perovskites based around concepts of the tolerance factor and the radius ratio of the smaller, trivalent ion, but also point to situations such as what is observed for Cs2NaScI6 where a double perovskite can be trapped in a metastable structure.
Ethnic Conflict in South Ethiopia Regional State; Investigating the Intra‐Ethnic Conflict of Kusume in D'irashe Special Woreda
Authors: Hale Tefera Kegnalew , Belihu Mezgebu Mandefro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, political science has produced a wealth of literature exploring the causes and characteristics of violence between ethnic groups and ethnic conflicts. However, there has been a notable lack of attention given to the emergence of violent intra‐ethnic conflicts, particularly in the diverse continent of Africa. This study explores the nature, causes, consequences, actors, and politics of the Kusume intra‐ethnic conflict. The study employed the instrumentalist theory of ethnicity to underpin its argument. It incorporated both primary and secondary data sources to conduct the research. Data collection involved document analysis, in‐depth interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. A total of 25 interviews were conducted, with 15 interviewees chosen from local elders, Kebele leaders, youths, and civil servants. The remaining 10 interviewees were chosen from five Woreda Offices of D'irashe. Sixteen participants were selected for focus group discussions. Qualitative data analysis was used to analyze the data and draw scientific findings and recommendations. The study revealed that various factors influenced the conflict in the area. These included issues such as inadequate infrastructure development (e.g., clean water, electricity, and road construction), the prevalence of injustices, lack of good governance, and unequal job opportunities. Furthermore, the conflict was aggravated by the dissolution of the Segen Zone, delayed responses from local and regional governments, ethnic elite competition, and the complex nature of the conflict itself. The consequences of the conflict encompassed material destruction, loss of life, displacement, and disruption of socio‐economic and political interactions in the area. The study suggests that federal and regional governments should intervene appropriately to address these issues and prevent similar conflicts in the future.
Poly(Ionic) Liquid‐Enhanced Ion Dynamics in Cellulose‐Derived Gel Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Paiva Tiago G. , Klem Maykel , Silvestre Sara L. , Coelho João , Alves Neri , Fortunato Elvira , Cabrita Eurico J. , Corvo Marta C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are regarded as a promising alternative to conventional electrolytes, combining the advantages of solid and liquid electrolytes. Leveraging the abundance and eco‐friendliness of cellulose‐based materials, GPEs were produced using methyl cellulose and incorporating various doping agents, either an ionic liquid (1‐Butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Pyr14][TFSI]), its polymeric ionic liquid analogue (Poly(diallyldimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) [PDADMA][TFSI]), or an anionically charged backbone polymeric ionic liquid (lithium poly[(4‐styrenesulfonyl)(trifluoromethyl(S‐trifluoromethylsulfonylimino) sulfonyl) imide] LiP[STFSI]). The ion dynamics and molecular interactions within the GPEs were thoroughly analyzed using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), Heteronuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy (HOESY), and Pulsed‐Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Diffusion (PFG‐NMR). Li+ transference numbers (tLi+) were successfully calculated. Our study found that by combining slow‐diffusing polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) with fast‐diffusing lithium salt, we were able to achieve transference numbers comparable to those of liquid electrolytes, especially with the anionic PIL, LiP[STFSI]. This research highlights the influence of the polymer′s nature on lithium‐ion transport within GPEs. Additionally, micro supercapacitor (MSC) devices assembled with these GPEs exhibited capacitive behavior. These findings suggest that further optimization of GPE composition could significantly improve their performance, thereby positioning them for application in sustainable and efficient energy storage systems.