bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grain growth in strontium titanate in electric fields: The impact of space‐charge on the grain‐boundary mobility
Authors: Rheinheimer Wolfgang , Parras Jana P. , Preusker Jan‐Helmut , De Souza Roger A. , Hoffmann Michael J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study investigates grain growth in the perovskite oxide strontium titanate in an electric field. The seeded polycrystal technique was chosen as it provides a sensitive and controlled setup to evaluate the impact of different parameters on grain growth due to the well‐defined driving force for grain growth. Current blocking electrodes were used to prevent Joule heating. The results show faster grain growth, and thus, higher grain‐boundary mobility at the negative electrode. It is argued that the electric field causes point‐defect redistribution, resulting in a higher oxygen vacancy concentration at the negative electrode. The local oxygen vacancy concentration is suggested to affect the space‐charge potential at the grain boundaries. A thermodynamic treatment of the grain‐boundary potential at a grain boundary without field shows that for a high oxygen vacancy concentration less space‐charge and less accumulation of cationic defects to the boundary occurs. Therefore, at the negative electrode, a higher oxygen vacancy concentration results in less space‐charge and less accumulation of cationic defects. The lower degree of defect accumulation requires less diffusion of segregated defects during grain‐boundary migration, so that at the negative electrode faster grain growth is expected, as found in the experiments.
Facile synthesis of high surface area molybdenum carbide nanoparticles
Authors: Nayak Shanti Kiran , Benavidez Angelica D. , Garzon Fernando H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMolybdenum carbide has immense potential as an active catalyst for reaction systems such as synthesis of important chemicals like ammonia. However, the carbide is not used as a commercial catalyst or support as the current synthesis processes produce low surface area material or have contaminants such as excess carbon and surface and chemisorbed oxygen. Moreover, attempts to refine the synthesis pathways are usually not supported by any thermochemical modeling. In this study, a facile and reproducible method to synthesize high surface area molybdenum carbide was developed with the help of thermochemical modeling to better understand molybdenum‐carbon phase behavior. We have synthesized 2‐5 nm particles of MoxC with surface areas of up to 360 m2/g as characterized using a variety of techniques including X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy.
Feedback‐informed treatment and autonomy supportiveness: Effects on children s psychological outcomes
Authors: Nickle Teresann , White Justin R. , Costa Christine B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeExamine the importance of feedback, specifically the perception of parental autonomy support, to reduce youths’ premature treatment dropout.Design and MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted, utilizing the convenience–purposive sample of 60 patient charts. Individuals were seen between October 2014 and July 2015 in a community clinic utilizing a treatment approach known as feedback‐informed treatment (FIT).FindingsClients found to have high paternal involvement reported better overall well‐being and lower levels of distress.ConclusionsThe construct of parental autonomy support, when combined with a FIT treatment model, is a promising approach to lower the rate of early treatment termination.
Moderate heritability and low evolvability of sperm morphology in a species with high risk of sperm competition, the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis
Authors: Edme Anaïs , Zobač Petr , Korsten Peter , Albrecht Tomáš , Schmoll Tim , Krist Miloš 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpermatozoa represent the morphologically most diverse type of animal cells and show remarkable variation in size across and also within species. To understand the evolution of this diversity, it is important to reveal to what degree this variation is genetic or environmental in origin and whether this depends on species’ life histories. Here we applied quantitative genetic methods to a pedigreed multigenerational data set of the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis, a passerine bird with high levels of extra‐pair paternity, to partition genetic and environmental sources of phenotypic variation in sperm dimensions for the first time in a natural population. Narrow‐sense heritability (h2) of total sperm length amounted to 0.44 ± 0.14 SE, whereas the corresponding figure for evolvability (estimated as coefficient of additive genetic variation, CVa) was 0.02 ± 0.003 SE. We also found an increase in total sperm length within individual males between the arrival and nestling period. This seasonal variation may reflect constraints in the production of fully elongated spermatozoa shortly after arrival at the breeding grounds. There was no evidence of an effect of male age on sperm dimensions. In many previous studies on laboratory populations of several insect, mammal and avian species, heritabilities of sperm morphology were higher, whereas evolvabilities were similar. Explanations for the differences in heritability may include variation in the environment (laboratory vs. wild), intensity of sexual selection via sperm competition (high vs. low) and genetic architecture that involves unusual linkage disequilibrium coupled with overdominance in one of the studied species.
Size scaling of photophysiology and growth in four freshly isolated diatom species from Ryder Bay, western Antarctic peninsula
Authors: Kulk Gemma , Buist Anton , van de Poll Willem H. , Rozema Patrick D. , Buma Anita G. J. 
Published: November 2018

Diatoms are one of the dominant groups in phytoplankton communities of the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Although generally well‐studied, little is known about size dependent photophysiological responses in diatom bloom formation and succession. To increase this understanding, four Antarctic diatom species covering two orders of magnitude in cell size were isolated in northern Marguerite Bay (WAP). Fragilariopsis sp., Pseudo‐nitzschia cf. subcurvata, Thalassiosira cf. antarctica, and Proboscia cf. alata were acclimated to three different irradiances after which photophysiology, electron transport, carbon fixation, and growth were assessed. The small species Fragilariopsis sp., Pseudo‐nitzschia cf. subcurvata, and large species Proboscia cf. alata showed similar photoacclimation to higher irradiances with a decrease in cellular chlorophyll a and an increase in chlorophyll a specific absorption and xanthophyll cycle pigments and activity. In contrast, pigment concentrations and absorption remained unaffected by higher irradiances in the large species Thalassiosira cf. antarctica. Overall, the small species showed significantly higher growth rates compared to the large species, which was related to relatively high light harvesting capacity and electron transport rates in the smaller species. However, photophysiological responses related to photoinhibition and photoprotection and carbon fixation showed no relationship with cell size. This study supports the dominance of small diatoms at low irradiances during winter and early spring, but does not provide photophysiological evidence for the dominance of large diatoms during the phytoplankton bloom in the WAP. This suggests that other factors such as grazing and nutrient availability are likely to play a major role in diatom bloom formation.
Community Response to Extreme Drought (CRED): a framework for drought‐induced shifts in plant–plant interactions
Authors: Ploughe Laura W. , Jacobs Elin M. , Frank Graham S. , Greenler Skye M. , Smith Melinda D. , Dukes Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2018

Contents

Summary
52

I.
Introduction
52

II.
The Community Response to Extreme Drought (CRED) framework
55

III.
Post‐drought rewetting rates: system and community recovery
61

IV.
Site‐specific characteristics influencing community resistance and resilience
63

V.
Conclusions
64

Acknowledgements
65

References
66

SummaryAs climate changes, many regions of the world are projected to experience more intense droughts, which can drive changes in plant community composition through a variety of mechanisms. During drought, community composition can respond directly to resource limitation, but biotic interactions modify the availability of these resources. Here, we develop the Community Response to Extreme Drought framework (CRED), which organizes the temporal progression of mechanisms and plant–plant interactions that may lead to community changes during and after a drought. The CRED framework applies some principles of the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH), which proposes that the balance between competition and facilitation changes with increasing stress. The CRED framework suggests that net biotic interactions (NBI), the relative frequency and intensity of facilitative (+) and competitive (−) interactions between plants, will change temporally, becoming more positive under increasing drought stress and more negative as drought stress decreases. Furthermore, we suggest that rewetting rates affect the rate of resource amelioration, specifically water and nitrogen, altering productivity responses and the intensity and importance of NBI, all of which will influence drought‐induced compositional changes. System‐specific variables and the intensity of drought influence the strength of these interactions, and ultimately the system's resistance and resilience to drought.
d2‐R test for Japanese adolescents: Concurrent validity with the attention deficit‐hyperactivity disorder rating scale
Authors: Yato Yuko , Hirose Shohei , Wallon Philippe , Mesmin Claude , Jobert Matthieu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe d2‐R test is a cancellation test developed in Germany to measure concentration and attention. This study examined the validity of the d2‐R test for Japanese adolescents in comparison with German standardized data.MethodsJapanese junior high school students (n = 121; 61 girls, 60 boys) participated in this study. The students’ performance scores in the d2‐R test were compared with their daily attentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsiveness assessments conducted by the teachers. The assessments were evaluated using the attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder rating scale, fourth edition (ADHD‐RS)‐IV. The comparison with German counterparts was also made.ResultsStudents who were rated as less attentive and more hyperactive/impulsive performed more slowly and committed more errors in the d2‐R test. Although there were no sex differences in any of the d2‐R parameters, male students were rated higher than female students in all of the ADHD‐RS‐IV scores. Japanese adolescents outscored German counterparts on speed, concentration, and carefulness.ConclusionThe concurrent validity of the d2‐R test is confirmed. It is an appropriate index to measure the sustained and focused attention of Japanese adolescents. The present research merits attention as the first investigation of the d2‐R test conducted for Japanese adolescents.
Short‐term neurological outcomes in ischemic and hemorrhagic pediatric stroke
Authors: Uzunhan Tuğçe Aksu , Aydinli Nur , Çalişkan Mine , Tatli Burak , Özmen Meral 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to retrospectively assess short‐term neurological outcomes in pediatric stroke with regard to patient characteristics.MethodsChildren aged 28 days–18 years with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT), and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) between 2007 and 2013 were evaluated. Neurological findings in the first 3 months were accepted as short‐term prognosis, and modified Rankin scale was used.ResultsA total of 33 patients (62%) with AIS, 12 (23%) with HS, and eight (15%) with CSVT were included. Moya moya syndrome was the most common new diagnosis in AIS. Stroke recurred in five (15%); and one AIS patient with posterior circulation infarct died (3%). Prognosis in AIS was favorable for 20 patients (61%) and poor for 13 patients (39%). Forty‐two percent of HS were of vascular origin. Seven patients (70%) with HS had good prognosis and three (30%) had poor prognosis with no death. Homocysteine‐related hypercoagulability was most frequently noted in the etiology of CSVT. Synchronous systemic thrombosis was observed in three CSVT patients (37.5%) and death occurred in two (25%). Prognosis was evaluated as favorable for three CSVT patients (37.5%) and poor for five (62.5%). For thrombophilia, thrombosis panel was performed fully in 83% of AIS and CSVT patients.ConclusionsPediatric stroke is associated with a poor prognosis in a substantial number of patients in the short term, with CSVT having the worst prognosis. Detailed patient characteristics are listed not only for ischemic but also for hemorrhagic stroke; and a full thrombosis panel was achieved for most ischemic stroke patients.
High frequency of multiple HPV types detection in Fanconi anemia patients oral swabs
Authors: Portugal Magda Eline Guerrart , Raboni Sonia Mara , Nogueira Meri Bordignon , Vidal Luine Rosele Renaud , Dingueleski Amanda Helena , Kluk Edelaine , Bonfim Carmem , Ribeiro Lisandro Lima , Torres‐Pereira Cassius Carvalho 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundFanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease usually characterized by bone marrow failure and congenital malformations. The risk of development of malignancies in the oral cavity of FA patients, such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), increases significantly after a hematopoietic stem cells transplant (HSCT), and may also be linked with the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the oral cavity. We investigated the prevalence and the HPV genotypes in oral mucosa of Brazilian FA patients.Methods and resultsOral swabs of 49 FA patients were collected. The median age of patients was 20 years (range 5‐44) and 57% were over 18 years. Oral lesions were present in 20% of all patients, being 90% leukoplakia. HPV DNA was detected in 28% (14/49) of patients, and one of them also reported genital HPV lesions. Sixty‐seven percent of all patients had undergone HSCT, including 12 patients (86%) of those with HPV results. Multiple HPV types were detected in 78% and 71% of HPV samples by Sanger sequencing and reverse hybridization methods, respectively. The most prevalent HPV types detected were 6, 11, 18, and 68.ConclusionsHPV prevalence in the oral mucosa of the assessed FA patients was higher than reported in the general population. Additional studies with collection of sequential samples are needed to know the natural history of the presence of multiple HPV types in these individuals and its association with the development of tumors, to evaluate the implementation of preventive measures, such as vaccination, and to guide early treatment.
A Sociologia da Educação de Bourdieu na revista Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales
Authors: Hey Ana Paula , Catani Afrânio Mendes , Medeiros Cristina Carta Cardoso de 
Published: November 2018

O texto apresenta uma incursão pelos artigos sobre educação do sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002) publicados na revista Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales (ARSS). Fundada por Bourdieu em 1975 e dirigida por ele até a sua morte, a ARSS acolheu onze de seus artigos na temática educacional (sendo quatro em co-autoria) entre 1975 e 2000. Ressalta-se que nas páginas do periódico o autor “rascunhou” vários trabalhos que viriam a se constituir em seus livros. Nos textos ali apresentados Bourdieu reafirma a relevância da sociologia da educação como um capítulo importante da sociologia do conhecimento e da sociologia do poder, fornecendo um verdadeiro programa de investigação para enxergar os mecanismos instituídos de produção da dominação e das estratégias de reprodução nas sociedades de classes contemporâneas.
Dios nos salve de las ciencias sociales: os relatórios de Ernesto Quesada e o debate sobre as humanidades nas universidades argentinas
Authors: Tedesco Alexandra Dias Ferraz 
Published: November 2018

A partir da análise de três relatórios elaborados pelo professor Ernesto Quesada, este artigo almeja refletir acerca das tensões entre os principais projetos intelectuais em debate na Argentina das primeiras décadas do século XX: as análises de orientação positivista (reivindicando, duplamente, uma aposta teórica e uma visão de organização universitária) e aquelas ligadas à preservação de uma “cultura do espírito”, conectada aos discursos fundacionais do campo universitário argentino. Observou-se que, através da análise dos relatórios, é possível capturar uma dimensão do debate que ultrapassa as contendas teóricas e aciona a necessidade de reflexão acerca das disputas disciplinares no campo universitário.
Reflecting in/on field theory in practice
Authors: Grenfell Michael 
Published: November 2018

The article discuses the dimension of reflexivity within the work of the social theorist Pierre Bourdieu. It alludes to the provenance of Bourdieu’s theory of practice and the epistemology, which underpins it. Language is a key element in reflexivity, the article therefore outline’s Bourdieu approach to language and the significance it holds in the development of his key concepts, as well as the relationship between subject and object. Reference is made to the works of Habermas, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and others to offer a ground base in just what Bourdieusian reflexivity is and how it operates in practice. Phases and stages in methodology are referred to as well as how reflexivity should operate within them. Finally, the significance of the discussion is underlined with reference to consequent outcomes.
Pinheiro-Machado, Rosana. Counterfeit Itineraries in the Global South: The human consequences of piracy in China and Brazil
Authors: Piza Douglas de Toledo 
Published: November 2018

Book Review: Counterfeit Itineraries in the Global South: The human consequences of piracy in China and Brazil, London and New York, Routledge, 2017, by Rosana Pinheiro-Machado
Cidades, práticas e representações em movimento: notas para uma análise cultural da mobilidade como experiência urbana
Authors: Zunino Singh Dhan 
Published: November 2018

Neste ensaio, introduzem-se noções-chave sobre o “giro móvel” para compreender e definir a experiência de mobilidade urbana, com base em uma crítica aos estudos urbanos e de transporte, bem como às ciências sociais em geral, e na América Latina em particular. Propõe-se que as cidades são espaços para circulação, destacando a importância que esta tem na produção do espaço urbano. Ainda que a tradição da teoria social moderna tenha sustentado a ideia de que os espaços de trânsito são não lugares, os deslocamentos na cidade são formas de habitar e toda mobilidade é uma prática social com sentido. Por fim, a experiência de mobilidade urbana é caracterizada através de exemplos concretos, como a automobilidade.
Turismos Diaspóricos: Mapeando Conceitos e Questões
Authors: Pinho Patricia de Santana 
Published: November 2018

O estudo do turismo nas ciências sociais possui hoje o reconhecimento merecido e já não é mais necessário comprovar a sua relevância para o entendimento das sociedades e culturas, principalmente em um mundo marcado pela intensificação das mobilidades. No entanto, algumas das vertentes do turismo, como o turismo sexual e o ecoturismo, têm sido mais estudadas do que outras. Este artigo visa contribuir para o desenvolvimento do estudo dos turismos diaspóricos, que têm atraído um interesse cada vez maior de viajantes e pesquisadores. Analisando as interseções entre turismo, diáspora e raça, o artigo tem dois objetivos centrais: mapear os principais conceitos que têm sido utilizados nas análises dos turismos diaspóricos e discutir algumas das suas questões centrais. A apresentação dos conceitos não tem um intuito meramente taxonômico, visando, em vez disso, gerar ferramentas que possam aprofundar as análises. Já as questões aqui discutidas, embora não abranjam a totalidade das experiências diaspóricas do turismo, indicam alguns dos principais caminhos a serem percorridos nesses estudos, tais como as análises sobre as conexões entre turismo e identidades, as hierarquias inerentes a diásporas e os paradoxos da mobilidade privilegiada de turistas pertencentes a grupos raciais subordinados.
Theorising mobility justice
Authors: Sheller Mimi 
Published: November 2018

Mobility justice is one of the crucial political and ethical issues of our day, when the entire world faces the urgent question of how to make the transition to more environmentally sustainable and socially just mobilities. All around the planet urban, regional, and international governing bodies are grappling with a series of crises related to how we move: an urban crisis of pollution and congestion, a global refugee crisis of borders and humanitarianism, and a climate crisis of global warming and decarbonisation. This article seeks to think across these crises showing how each is part of a wider disturbance in prevailing institutions concerned with the management of mobilities and immobilities. Mobility justice offers a new way to think across the micro and macro scale of transitioning toward more just mobilities.
Retrospective evaluation of a local protocol used to enhance laboratory savings through minimizing the performance of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis
Authors: Haji Saliha MI , Chipchase Allison , Fraser William D , Gomez Javier 
Published: November 2018

Background Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis is an expensive and time-consuming laboratory test. We evaluated the effect of a locally derived screening algorithm for alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme requests on the number of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analyses performed, laboratory cost and patient care. Method A total of 110 alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis requests from the year 2015 were reviewed and subsequent alkaline phosphatase concentrations were monitored over a two-year period, to determine if the decision of performing/not performing alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis, based on the algorithm, had an impact on patient care and laboratory cost. All alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis requests with two consecutive elevated alkaline phosphatase concentrations (>upper limit of reference interval) were screened and, subject to the gamma glutamyl transferase being within the reference interval, either Bone alkaline phosphatase or 25 hydroxyvitamin D was measured depending on the age of the patient. Results Compliance with this algorithm led to the normalization of subsequent serum alkaline phosphatase in 97% of patients without requiring alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis. The cost of performing Bone alkaline phosphatase and 25 hydroxyvitamin D in-house was £778.50, while the cost of performing alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis would have been £3040. This resulted in a laboratory saving of £2261.50. Conclusions Implementation of this algorithm led to a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis, without compromising patient care. Total savings could be increased if 25 hydroxyvitamin D was used as a first-line test, for all patients with an elevated alkaline phosphatase and a normal gamma glutamyl transferase regardless of age. This algorithm is cost-effective and can be implemented in laboratories with 25 hydroxyvitamin D assay.