bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in thoracic surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Shadmehr Mohammad Behgam , Alaeen Zeinab , Baniasadi Shadi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) decreases the incidence of surgical site infections. However, inappropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics may lead to antibiotic resistance, prolonged hospital stay and adverse drug reactions.AimThis prospective study aimed to assess the concordance of prophylactic antibiotic administration for thoracic operations in Iran with American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) guidelines.MethodsThe appropriateness of SAP administration in 222 thoracic operations was assessed in a respiratory referral centre over a period of 4 months. Demographic, clinical and SAP data were recorded from patient files. ASHP guidelines were used to evaluate the appropriateness of prophylactic antibiotic administration.ResultsCefazolin was correctly prescribed for approximately 70% of patients who required antibiotic prophylaxis. SAP was administered at the correct time (within 60 min before surgery) for 71.6% of surgeries. Intraoperative doses were correctly given in 27.7% of prolonged procedures. In 86.7% of surgeries, antibiotic administration was continued for more than 24 h after surgery (based on a physician's opinion or recent microbiological cultures).ConclusionThe results suggest a relatively low rate of consistency between SAP administration and ASHP guidelines in Iran. A long duration of antibiotic administration after operations is an important finding, which should be considered and re‐evaluated by thoracic surgeons in Iran.
μ‐Raman as a fundamental tool in the origin of natural or synthetic cinnabar: Preliminary data
Authors: Botticelli Michela , Maras Adriana , Candeias António 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper is a preliminary study on the origin of the precious red pigment cinnabar by μ‐Raman analysis. The importance of this pigment is partly due to its low availability. When the mineral was used in the Roman Age, the district of Almadén, Spain, was probably the most exploited region. However, it is still not well defined if further ores were chosen for supply. A scientific methodology has to be assessed. In the present study, samples with known provenance (Spain, Slovenia, Italy, Russia, China, and minor European deposits) were collected from Italian Mineralogical and Earth Science Museums. μ‐Raman analysis was chosen to acquire structural data, which were finally treated by statistical analysis. Most of the samples from China were characterized by the presence of selenium. This was proved by the additional band at ~200 cm−1. The statistical analysis of Raman data suggests that the position of the most intense band at ~252 cm−1 also influences the discrimination of the Chinese samples. This work also demonstrates that a higher purity may be revealed by μ‐Raman analysis, eventually leading to the discrimination of natural sources from synthetic cinnabar. It also proves that the most common exploitation sites, Almadén and Idrija, may be statistically distinguished. Despite its exploratory nature, this study is intended as a successful preliminary step to gain information of provenance from a single, potentially non‐destructive technique, such as μ‐Raman spectroscopy.
Evaluation of linseed oil oleogels to partially replace pork backfat in fermented sausages
Authors: Franco Daniel , Martins Artur J , López‐Pedrouso María , Cerqueira Miguel A , Purriños Laura , Pastrana Lorenzo M , Vicente António A , Zapata Carlos , Lorenzo José M 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNowadays, fat replacement in meat products is a matter of concern in the meat industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of pork backfat with two oleogels of linseed in dry‐cured sausages.RESULTSFive batches of dry‐cured sausages were prepared with two oleogels, a mixture of γ‐oryzanol and β‐sitosterol (SO) and beeswax (B), at two levels of replacement (20% and 40%) (SO‐20, SO‐40, B‐20, and B‐40, respectively) and a control batch. The fatty acid profile improved in terms of nutrition: the polyunsaturated fatty acid / saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) and n‐6/n‐3 ratio was about 1.41 and 0.93 for the higher levels of replacement, SO‐40 and B‐40, respectively. Quality parameters such as pH and color also changed with the inclusion of oleogels, resulting in changes in the sensory quality.CONCLUSIONOleogels based on linseed enabled the replacement of pork backfat in fermented sausages. Depending on the level of fat substitution, such oleogels could replace fat in dry‐cured sausages at the industrial level. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term effect of early antibiotic exposure on amino acid profiles and gene expression of transporters and receptors in the small intestinal mucosa of growing pigs with different dietary protein levels
Authors: Yu Miao , Mu Chunlong , Zhang Chuanjian , Yang Yuxiang , Su Yong , Zhu Weiyun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study evaluated the effects of early antibiotic exposure (EAE) on subsequent amino acid (AA) profiles and small intestinal AA transporter and receptor expression level in pigs with different dietary crude protein (CP) levels. Eighteen litters of piglets were fed creep feed diets, either with or without antibiotics while with sow on day 7. The pigs were weaned at day 23 and fed the same diets until day 42, when random pigs within each group were offered a normal‐ or low‐CP diet, thereby creating four groups. On day 120, the pigs were euthanized, and jejunal and ileal mucosa and digesta were collected for gene‐expression and AA‐concentration analysis.RESULTSWith the normal‐CP diet, EAE increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of six essential amino acids (EAA) and three non‐essential amino acids (NEAA) in serum, four EAAs and four NEAAs in jejunal mucosa, one EAA and two NEAAs in ileal mucosa, five EAAs and three NEAAs in jejunal digesta, and three EAAs and two NEAAs in ileal digesta. Early antibiotic exposure upregulated (P < 0.05) CAT1, ASCT2, ATB0,+, CaSR, T1R1, and T1R3 expression in the jejunum, downregulated PepT1 expression with a normal‐CP diet. It upregulated (P < 0.05) the expressions of CAT1, ATB0,+, ATP1A1, and T1R3 in the ileum with a normal‐CP diet.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that EAE has long‐term effects on AA profiles, mainly in the jejunum and serum, by increasing AA transporter expression in the intestine, and that these effects may be influenced by dietary CP levels. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Understanding consumer liking of beef using hierarchical cluster analysis and external preference mapping
Authors: Chong Fui Shien , O'Sullivan Maurice G , Kerry Joe P , Moloney Aidan P , Methven Lisa , Gordon Alan W , Hagan Terence DJ , Farmer Linda J 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was conducted to assess whether there are differences in consumer liking of beef. Samples were collected from different groups and analyses were conducted, including quantitative descriptive analysis, consumer panels and instrumental analyses. Palatability traits, such as aroma liking, tenderness, juiciness, flavour liking and overall liking (OL), were rated by consumers.RESULTSWarner–Bratzler shear force was negatively associated with tender mouthfeel and consumer tenderness score. Cluster analysis identified four groups of clusters, which were described as ‘easily pleased’, ‘bull beef liker’, ‘tender beef liker’ and ‘fastidious’ consumers. Cluster group 2 awarded a higher score for bulls and located in a separate region on the external preference map.CONCLUSIONExternal preference mapping showed the association between consumer liking of beef and sensory attributes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of typical starch on the rheological properties and NMR characterization of myofibrillar protein gel
Authors: Wu Mangang , Wang Jiahao , Hu Juan , Li Zhikun , Liu Rui , Liu Yang , Cao Yan , Ge Qingfeng , Yu Hai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDComposite gels were individually prepared from 20 g kg−1 myofibrillar protein (MP) imbedded with typical native starch (potato, tapioca, rice or corn starch) in 0.6 mol L−1 NaCl at pH 6.2. The gel strength, water holding capacity, rheological properties and microstructure of the obtained myofibrillar protein–starch composite gels were evaluated.RESULTSTapioca starch improved (P < 0.05) gel strength and water holding capacity of MP composite gel at 80 °C. Rheological properties of MP–starch composites differed significantly with the addition of different types of native starch. Additionally, the promoting effect of starch on the storage modulus of the composite gels positively correlated with the gelatinization properties of different typical starch. Environmental scanning electron microscopy showed that the filling effect of starch on the composite gel was related to the pasting temperature and particle size of typical starch, with almost no particles forming at 80 °C. Moreover, the addition of starch changed the relaxation peak area and increased the relaxation time in nuclear magnetic resonance tests, which suggested that starch could improve the water holding capacity of MP‐starch composite gels.CONCLUSIONDifferent typical native starch has varied impacts on the gel strength, water holding capacity, rheological properties and microstructure of MP gels, indicating the potential and feasibility of these typical native starches as an addition agent to modify the textural properties in comminuted meat products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison Between M‐Mode Ultrasonography and Fluoroscopy for Diaphragm Excursion Measurement in Patients With Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Yoon Seo Yeon , Moon Hyun Im , Kim Joo‐Sup , Yi Tae Im , Park Yoon Ghil 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesPatients with acquired brain injury show decreased pulmonary function and diaphragm excursion (DE), which can affect functional outcomes. This study aimed to compare ultrasonography (US) and fluoroscopy for DE assessment and to determine how the relationship between pulmonary function test results and DE differs according to the paralytic condition.MethodsFrom September 2017 to April 2018, we prospectively enrolled patients with acquired brain injury. The patients underwent a pulmonary function test, including the functional vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at 1 second, forced expiratory volume at 1 second–to–functional vital capacity ratio, peak cough flow, and respiratory muscle strength such as the maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure. Diaphragm excursion was measured with M‐mode US and fluoroscopy on admission. A partial correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between US and fluoroscopy for DE assessment.ResultsDuring the study period, 50 patients with acquired brain injury were enrolled. After adjusting for age, sex, height, and weight, the correlation coefficients between US and fluoroscopy were 0.744 for the right side (P < .001) and 0.631 for the left side (P < .001). In a subgroup analysis for patients with hemiplegia, the correlation coefficients were 0.507 for the paretic side (P = .007) and 0.677 for the nonparetic side (P < .001). Diaphragm excursion in the nonparetic side was significantly correlated with the maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, and peak cough flow (P < .05).ConclusionsM‐mode US can be an alternative method for DE measurement in patients with impaired locomotion function after acquired brain injury. Preserved function of the nonparetic side might affect pulmonary function after brain injury, which suggests the importance of prestroke respiratory function.
Prognostic value of the C‐reactive protein to albumin ratio in esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yan , Hu Xu , Huang Yu , Xu Wen‐Ying , Wu Yan‐Ming , Li Peng‐Fei , Che Guo‐Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn recent years, some studies suggested that the pretreatment C‐reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) may be predictive for prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC), but their results were inconsistent. Therefore, the current meta‐analysis was preformed to better determine the prognostic value of pretreatment CAR in EC. The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed Central databases were searched up to January 10, 2019 to identify studies evaluating the correlation between CAR and prognosis of EC. The primary outcome was the overall survival (OS) and secondary outcomes were disease‐free survival (DFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to estimate the predictive role of CAR for prognosis in EC. Based on the results of this research, a total of 11 studies with 2930 patients diagnosed as EC were included. Pooled results suggested that elevated pretreatment CAR was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.31‐2.47, P < .001) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 86.5%, P < .001) and poor CSS (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.33‐2.22, P < .001) without heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%, P < .323); however, no significant association was observed between pretreatment CAR and DFS (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 0.60‐3.34, P = .429) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 76.7%, P < .038). Subgroup analyses further manifested that EC patients with higher CAR had worse OS. An elevated pretreatment CAR may indicate poor survival in patients with EC. Thus, pretreatment CAR may serve as a promising biomarker in EC and could be used to predict prognosis and help decision‐making in clinical work.
Endoscopic Versus Open Resection of Non‐Squamous Cell Carcinoma Sinonasal Malignancies
Authors: Povolotskiy Roman , Farber Nicole I. , Bavier Richard D. , Cerasiello Samantha Y. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Hsueh Wayne D. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveNon‐squamous cell carcinoma (non‐SCC) variants of sinonasal cancer are rare cancers which are optimally managed with complete surgical resection. This study aims to assess the impact of surgical approach on outcomes by comparison of cases managed with open versus endoscopic resection.MethodsThe National Cancer Database 2004–2015 datasets were queried for all cases of non‐SCC initially managed with definitive surgery. Patients were grouped according to surgical approach (endoscopic vs. open) and compared for patient, tumor, and treatment variables using chi‐squared analyses. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of receiving endoscopic surgery. Subgroups were compared for survival using Cox regression and perioperative outcomes.ResultsOf the 1595 cases of non‐SCC sinonasal cancers managed with definitive surgery, 42.2% were treated endoscopically. Open and endoscopic groups differed significantly by stage, primary site, histology, facility type, margin status, and clinical stage. Logistic regression showed that increased income was a significant predictor of receiving endoscopic surgery whereas stage IV (odds ratio: 0.58,P= .017) reduced the odds of receiving endoscopic surgery. Open resection patients had longer mean length of stay (LOS) than those who underwent endoscopic resection (5.09 vs. 3.16 days,P < .001). On Cox regression, no difference in survival was observed between open and endoscopic patients (P= .534).ConclusionsPatients with non‐SCC sinonasal cancer managed with endoscopic surgery had a decreased LOS and no significant difference in survival compared to patients undergoing open resection. Therefore, an endoscopic approach may be considered a viable alternative to open resection.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 130: 1872–1876, 2020
Putting the pieces together: Integration for forest landscape restoration implementation
Authors: Mansourian Stephanie , Parrotta John , Balaji Poorna , Bellwood‐Howard Imogen , Bhasme Suhas , Bixler R. Patrick , Boedhihartono Agni Klintuni , Carmenta Rachel , Jedd Theresa , de Jong Wil , Lake Frank K. , Latawiec Agnieszka , Lippe Melvin , Rai Nitin D. , Sayer Jeffrey , Van Dexter Kristina , Vira Bhaskar , Visseren‐Hamakers Ingrid , Wyborn Carina , Yang Anastasia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe concept of forest landscape restoration (FLR) is being widely adopted around the globe by governmental, non‐governmental agencies, and the private sector, all of whom see FLR as an approach that contributes to multiple global sustainability goals. Originally, FLR was designed with a clearly integrative dimension across sectors, stakeholders, space and time, and in particular across the natural and social sciences. Yet, in practice, this integration remains a challenge in many FLR efforts. Reflecting this lack of integration are the continued narrow sectoral and disciplinary approaches taken by forest restoration projects, often leading to marginalisation of the most vulnerable populations, including through land dispossessions. This article aims to assess what lessons can be learned from other associated fields of practice for FLR implementation. To do this, 35 scientists came together to review the key literature on these concepts to suggest relevant lessons and guidance for FLR. We explored the following large‐scale land use frameworks or approaches: land sparing/land sharing, the landscape approach, agroecology, and socio‐ecological systems. Also, to explore enabling conditions to promote integrated decision making, we reviewed the literature on understanding stakeholders and their motivations, tenure and property rights, polycentric governance, and integration of traditional and Western knowledge. We propose lessons and guidance for practitioners and policymakers on ways to improve integration in FLR planning and implementation. Our findings highlight the need for a change in decision‐making processes for FLR, better understanding of stakeholder motivations and objectives for FLR, and balancing planning with flexibility to enhance social–ecological resilience.
Raman Laser Switching Induced by Cascaded Light Scattering
Authors: Kasumie Sho , Lei Fuchuan , Ward Jonathan M. , Jiang Xuefeng , Yang Lan , Nic Chormaic Síle 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt is shown that, in multimode Raman lasers, cascaded light scattering (CLS) not only extends the optical frequency range, but can also modulate the laser dynamics. The origin of this phenomenon lies in the fact that many Raman lasing modes are directly correlated through CLS. The coupled‐mode equations only describe single‐mode cascaded Raman lasers and are insufficient for describing the multimode case. In this work, additional terms are introduced to account for intermodal interaction and, therefrom the physical mechanism behind the mode‐switching phenomenon is revealed. Additionally, mode‐switching controlled solely by a single‐mode pump in a whispering gallery mode (WGM) silica Raman laser is demonstrated. As the intracavity pump power is increased, laser switching happens between two adjacent WGMs in the same mode family.
Bounded sets structure of CpX and quasi‐(DF)‐spaces
Authors: Ferrando Juan Carlos , Gabriyelyan Saak , Ka̧kol Jerzy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFor wide classes of locally convex spaces, in particular, for the space of continuous real‐valued functions on a Tychonoff spaceXequipped with the pointwise topology, we characterize the existence of a fundamental bounded resolution (i.e., an increasing family of bounded sets indexed by the irrationals which swallows the bounded sets). These facts together with some results from Grothendieck's theory of ‐spaces have led us to introduce quasi‐‐spaces, a class of locally convex spaces containing ‐spaces that preserves subspaces, countable direct sums and countable products. Regular ‐spaces as well as their strong duals are quasi‐‐spaces. Hence the space of distributions provides a concrete example of a quasi‐‐space not being a ‐space. We show that has a fundamental bounded resolution if and only if is a quasi‐‐space if and only if the strong dual of is a quasi‐‐space if and only ifXis countable. IfXis metrizable, then is a quasi‐‐space if and only ifXis a σ‐compact Polish space.
The effect of perceived economic mobility on customer aggression toward service employees: A darker aspect of customer behavior
Authors: Kwon Yongju , Yi Youjae 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe current research illuminates perceived economic mobility (PEM) as a causal antecedent of customer aggression. Study 1 with large‐scale panel data shows that PEM is positively related to attribution of poverty to personal characteristics and self‐centered intention to change jobs. Study 2 based on an experimental design shows that PEM causally induces customer aggression. Study 3 reveals that the effect of PEM on customer aggression varies depending on income; PEM increases customer aggression among low‐income earners, but the effect disappears among high‐income earners. Study 4 examines control over service employees to get self‐beneficial outcomes as a mechanism for the interaction effect of PEM and income on customer aggression. A moderated mediation analysis shows that the indirect effect of PEM on customer aggression through the proposed mechanism is significant among low‐income earners but not among high‐income earners. In sum, main findings of the present article are threefold: (a) PEM induces customer aggression, (b) income moderates the causal relationship, and (c) control to get benefits explains the joint effect of PEM and income on customer aggression. By delineating the dark side of PEM in consumer behavior, this study provides useful marketing implications for lessening side effects.
A genetic variant within MDM4 3′UTR miRNA binding site is associated with HPV16‐positive tumors and survival of oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yang , Sturgis Erich M. , Wei Peng , Liu Hongliang , Wang Ziqiao , Ma Yiding , Liu Chuan , Gu Kyle J. , Wei Qingyi , Li Guojun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs mouse double minute 4 (MDM4) and HPV16 E6 oncoproteins play important roles in inhibition of p53 activity, a functional polymorphism (rs4245739) in the 3′ untranslated regions of MDM4 targeted by microRNA‐191 may alter its expression level or functional efficiency, thus affecting tumor status and survival in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx (SCCOP). A total of 564 incident SCCOP patients with definitive radiotherapy were included for determination of tumor HPV16 status and genotypes of the polymorphism. Univariate and multivariable Cox models were performed to assess the associations between the polymorphism and outcomes. We found that MDM4 rs4245739 had statistically significant associations with tumor HPV‐positivity and survival of SCCOP patients. Patients with AC/CC variant genotypes of MDM4 rs4245739 were approximately 3‐fold more likely to be HPV16‐positive tumors among SCCOP patients compared with common homozygous AA genotype (adjusted odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.9‐5.5). Moreover, patients with MDM4 rs4245739 AC/CC variant genotypes had significantly better overall, disease‐specific, and disease‐free survival compared with those with the corresponding common homozygous AA genotype (all log‐rank = P < .05); and these genotypes were significantly associated with an approximately three to four times reduced risk of overall death, death owing to disease, and recurrence after multivariable adjustment. Finally, the significant effects of MDM4 rs4245739 polymorphism on survival were found among HPV16‐positive SCCOP patients only after the stratified analyses by tumor HPV status. We concluded that MDM4 rs4245739 polymorphism is significantly associated with tumor HPV status and survival of SCCOP, especially in HPV16‐positive SCCOP patients treated with definitive radiotherapy; nevertheless, prospective larger studies are warranted.