bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objectively-measured physical activity patterns and longitudinal weight category status in a rural setting
Authors: Cook Ian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the relationship between longitudinal weight-change and objectively-measured physical activity (PA) in a rural African setting in 143 adults (≥30 years), using data from two cross-sectional surveys, separated by approximately ten years. Participants were categorised into three weight-change groups (Weight-loss: ≥25 kg.m-2→<25 kg.m-2; Weight-gain: <25 kg.m-2→≥25 kg.m-2; Weight-stability: remained <25 kg.m-2 or ≥25 kg.m-2). Daily ambulation and activity energy expenditure (AEE), measured in the 2005-7 health survey, was examined across the weight-change groups. Using the daily AEE data, the proportion of those in the weight-change groups, meeting or not meeting two PA guidelines (150- and 420 min.wk-1), was examined.
Results: Weight-change was found in 18.2% of the sample. There was no significant overall body mass change (+1.2 kg, p=0.1616). However, there was significant change in body mass in the weight-gain (+15.2 kg) and weight-loss (-10.8 kg) groups (p≤0.0011). Nearly 90% of those who gained weight met the 150 min.wk-1 guideline. A significantly greater proportion of the weight-stable group (<25 kg.m-2) met the 420 min.wk-1 guideline (p<0.05). Ambulatory level was high irrespective of weight group, although the weight-stable group (<25 kg.m-2) approached 15 000 steps.day-1. There was an inconsistent and weak association between PA and weight-change in this group.
HCV and HBV prevalence based on home blood self-sampling and screening history in the general population in 2016: contribution to the new French screening strategy
Authors: Brouard Cécile , Saboni Leïla , Gautier Arnaud , Chevaliez Stéphane , Rahib Delphine , Richard Jean-Baptiste , Barin Francis , Larsen Christine , Sommen Cécile , Pillonel Josiane , Delarocque-Astagneau Elisabeth , Lydié Nathalie , Lot Florence 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The advent of effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), has prompted an assessment of the French Hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening strategy, which historically targeted high-risk groups. One of the options put forward is the implementation of combined (i.e., simultaneous) HCV, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV screening for all adults at least once during their lifetime (“universal combined screening”). However, recent national survey-based data are lacking to guide decision-making regarding which new strategy to implement. Accordingly, we aimed to provide updated data for both chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and B (CHB) prevalence and for HCV and HBV screening history, using data from the BaroTest and 2016 Health Barometer (2016-HB) studies, respectively.

Methods: 2016-HB was a national cross-sectional phone based health survey conducted in 2016 among 20,032 randomly selected individuals from the general population in mainland France. BaroTest was a virological sub-study nested in 2016-HB. Data collected for BaroTest were based on home blood self-sampling on dried blood spots (DBS).

Results: From 6,945 analyzed DBS, chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and B (CHB) prevalence was estimated at 0.30% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.13-0.70) and 0.30% (95% CI: 0.13-0.70), respectively. The proportion of individuals aware of their status was estimated at 80.6% (95% CI: 44.2-95.6) for CHC and 17.5% (95% CI: 4.9-46.4) for CHB. Universal combined screening would involve testing between 32.6% and 85.3% of 15-75 year olds according to whether we consider only individuals not previously tested for any of the three viruses, or also those already tested for one or two of the viruses.

Conclusions: Our data are essential to guide decision-making regarding which new HCV screening recommendation to implement in France. They also highlight that efforts are still needed to achieve the WHO’s targets for eliminating these diseases. Home blood self-sampling may prove to be a useful tool for screening and epidemiological studies.
A battery of self-screening instruments and self-reported body frame could not detect eating disorders among college students
Authors: Hayakawa Norika , Tanaka Satoshi , Hirata Naoko , Ogino Sachiko , Ozaki Norio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective: Although studies have shown inconsistent results in terms of prevalence of eating disorders, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to screen students for abnormal eating behaviors. The results of the self-reported EAT-26 and body frame, as well as the efficacy of using self-administered questionnaires (SAQs) were examined to detect eating disorders in new college students.
Results: An anonymous questionnaire (EAT-26) was provided to 7738 new students; 4552 (58.8%) responders were included in the final analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for 131 (1.7%) students. Among them, 6 students showed a high EAT-26 score, but were not diagnosed with an eating disorder based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Three students were diagnosed with an eating disorder using SCID-I, but their EAT-26 scores were below the threshold. From these results, in a non-clinical population, findings on EAT-26 do not agree with those on SCID-I in terms of the diagnosis of eating disorders, and this battery is not appropriate for detecting eating disorders.
Distribution of cervical lesions in high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) positive women with ASC-US: A retrospective single-center study in China
Authors: Wang Zhiling , Gu Ying , Wang Hui , Chen Junyu , Zheng Yawen , Jia Lin , Cui Baoxia , Yang Xingsheng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective

To investigate distributions of cervical lesions and factors associated with the severity of the cervical lesions in high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) positive women with ASC-US cytology.Methods

Clinical information of 250,000 women who underwent HPV and cytological test was collected from January 2012 to January 2019. The association between the severity of the cervical lesions and hr-HPV genotypes, hr-HPV viral load, and ages, were analyzed in hr-HPV-positive/ASC-US women.Results

3459 hr-HPV-positive/ASC-US women were enrolled in this study. Overall, 43.51% of women with ASC-US had normal histological results, 34.35% had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 1.30% had cervical cancer. The rate of HSIL or worse (HSIL+) in women with single HPV16 infection (63.09%) was the highest, followed by HPV33 (57.50%), HPV51 (36.11%), HPV58 (36.11%), HPV52 (28.28%), HPV18(26.37%), HPV66 (19.35%), HPV39 (18.92%), HPV53 (15.00%), and HPV56 (8.51%). Detection rate of HSIL+ in low, intermediate and high viral-load groups were 15.87% (n=30), 34.91% (n=74) and 40.68% (n=214) (Cochran-Armitage Trend test χ2=35.03, P<0.0001). Compared with the 51-60-year-old group (21.65%), the women in ≤30 (40.52%), 31-40 (39.67%), and 41-50 (34.22%) year-old groups had significantly higher risk of HSIL+. The women in ≤51-60 (2.68%) and >60 (3.41%) year-old groups were at increased risk for cervical cancer, compared with the ≤30-year-old group (0.61%).Conclusion

ASC-US women with HPV 16/18/33/51/52/58 single infection and multiple infections, as well as high HPV viral loads, have high risk of HSIL+. Young women and older women have higher HSIL+ detection rates, while the latter has a higher cervical cancer detection rate.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Italy: a comprehensive evaluation of all the ICD comorbidities and gender-related differences
Authors: Ferretti Fabio , Pozza Andrea , Bossini Letizia , Desantis Serena , Olivola Miriam , Matto Laura Del , Gualtieri Giacomo , Gusinu Roberto , Bezzini Daiana , Fagiolini Andrea , Coluccia Anna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objectives: The association between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and physical comorbidities is controversial since most studies focused on specific comorbidity and victim types. In Italy, data on this issue are scarce. A comprehensive evaluation of all the ICD medical categories co-occurring in PTSD may orient assessment and treatment during clinical and forensic practice. This is the first study evaluating all the ICD physical comorbidities and gender-related differences in Italian PTSD patients. Eighty-four PTSD patients (36 females, 48 males) were included. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Davidson Trauma Scale were administered.
Results: Most patients had a PTSD consequent to an accident and half of them presented extreme severity. No gender differences emerged on symptom severity/duration and age at the event. Metabolic (39.29%), circulatory (20.24%) and musculoskeletal diseases (17.86%) were the most frequent comorbidities. Metabolic/circulatory diseases were more frequent among males (p =0.019 and p = 0.027, respectively) while females more frequently showed neoplasms (p =0.039). Physical comorbidities represent a serious complication in PTSD patients and are more prevalent than in general population. While gender is not associated with symptom presentation, it seems to play a key role in specific comorbidities including metabolic, circulatory and neoplastic diseases.
Navigating complexity through intuition and evidence-based guidelines: a mix-methods study among child and youth healthcare practitioners
Authors: Erisman Jetske Charlotte , de Sabbata Kevin , Zuiderent-Jerak Teun , Syurina Elena V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Dutch child and youth health care (CYHC) practitioners monitor and assess the well-being of all children. One of their main concerns is identifying cases of child abuse, which is an arduous and sensitive task. They use both evidence-based guidelines aimed at increasing the quality of care through rationalised decision-making and intuition. These two practices are seen as being at odds with each other, yet empirical research has shown that both are needed in healthcare. This study aims to understand how Dutch CYHC-practitioners perceive the role of intuition in their work and in relation to evidence-based medicine, in the case of child abuse.Methods: A sequential exploratory mixed-methods design. In-depth semi-structured interviews with CYHC-practitioners focused on perceptions on intuition, which was followed by a survey amongst CYHC-professionals on the recognition and use of the concept.Results: The majority of CYHC-practitioners and professionals recognise and use intuition in their daily work, stating that it is necessary in their profession. CYHC-practitioners use intuition: 1) to sense that something is off, 2) to differentiate between ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’, 3) to assess risks, 4) to weigh secondary information and 5) to communicate with parents. At the same time, they warn for its dangers as it may lead to tunnel vision and false accusations. Their ways of working with intuition show parallels to the practices that evidence-based guidelines try to support.Conclusion: Intuition is experienced as an integral part of the work of CYHC-practitioners. It is stated to be particularly useful in the case of child abuse, which is inherently complex as signs and evidence of abuse are hidden, subtle and unique in each case. CYHC-practitioners use intuition to manage and navigate this complexity. As there is a lack of guidance on how to practice intuition, there is a need for support through guidelines.
Lifetime risk assessment in cholesterol management among hypertensive patients: Observational cross-sectional study based on electronic health record data.
Authors: Tahkola Aapo , Korhonen Päivi , Kautiainen Hannu , Niiranen Teemu , Mäntyselkä Pekka 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background In hypertensive patients, reducing plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (LDL-C) is one of the main interventions for preventing chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, LDL-C control remains generally insufficient, also in patients with hypertension. We analyzed Electronic Health Record (EHR) data of 7117 hypertensive patients to find the most potential subgroups in greatest need for improvement in real life dyslipidemia treatment. Taking into account the current discussion on lifetime CVD risk, we focused on the age dependence in LDL-C control. Methods In this observational cross-sectional study, based on routine electronic health record (EHR) data, we investigated LDL-C control of hypertensive, non-diabetic patients without renal dysfunction or CVD, aged 30 years or more in Finnish primary care setting. Results More than half (54% of women and 53 % of men) of untreated patients did not meet the LDL-C target of <3 mmol/l and one third (35% of women and 33 % of men) of patients did not reach the target even with the lipid-lowering medication (LLM). Furthermore, higher age was strongly associated with better LDL-C control (p<0.001) and lower LDL-C level (p<0.001) in individuals with and without LLM. Higher age was also strongly associated with LLM prescription (p<0.001). In total, about half of the patients were on LLM (53% of women and 51 % of men). Conclusions Our findings indicate that dyslipidemia treatment among Finnish primary care hypertensive patients is generally insufficient, particularly in younger age groups who might benefit the most from CVD risk reduction over time. Clinicians should probably rely more on the lifetime risk of CVD, especially when treating working age hypertensive patients.
A computer-aided diagnosis system based on computed tomography images of pancreatic head adenocarcinoma applied for identifying pancreatoduodenectomy resection
Authors: Hui Bei , Qiu Jia-Jun , Liu Jin-Heng , Ke Neng-Wen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: In a pathological examination of pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma, resection margins have no cancer cells within 1 mm, the resection is considered as R0 resection; resection margins have cancer cells within 1 mm, the resection is recognized as R1 resection. The pathological examinations of the resection margins are complicated and depend on the subjective experiences of physicians to some extent. This study aims to design a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system based on texture features of preoperative computer tomography (CT) images to evaluate a resection margin was R0 or R1.Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 86 patients who were diagnosed as pancreatic head adenocarcinoma by preoperative abdominal CT examination. These patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomies, then their resection margins were pathologically diagnosed as R0 or R1. The CAD system consists of five stages: (i) delineate and segment regions of interest (ROIs); (ii) by solving discrete Laplacian equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions, fit ROIs to rectangular regions; (iii) enhance textures of ROIs combining wavelet transform and fractional differential; (iv) extract texture features combining wavelet transform and statistical analysis methods; (v) reduce features using principal component analysis (PCA) and perform classification using support vector machine (SVM), use a linear kernel function and leave-one-out cross-training and testing to reduce overfitting. Mann-Whitney U-test is used to explore associations between texture features and histopathological characteristics.Results: The developed CAD system achieved an AUC (area under receiver operating characteristic curve) of 0.8614 and an accuracy of 84.88%. Setting p-value ≤ 0.01 in the Mann-Whitney U-test, two features of run-length matrix, which derived from diagonal subbands in wavelet decomposition, showed statistically significant differences between R0 and R1.Conclusions: It indicates that the developed CAD system is rewarding for discriminating R0 from R1. Texture features can potentially enhance physicians' diagnostic ability.
Outcomes of children with hepatoblastoma managed at a tertiary hospital in China
Authors: Li Jiahao , Li Huixian , Wu Huiying , Niu Huilin , Li Haibo , Pan Jing , Yang Jiliang , Tan Tianbao , Hu Chao , Xu Tao , Zhang Xiaohong , Zheng Manna , Li Kuanrong , Zou Yan , Yang Tianyou 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective: To summarise our experiences in hepatoblastoma management in South ChinaMethods: We diagnosed 135 children with hepatoblastoma at our institution between January 2010 and December 2017. Information regarding demographics, clinical data, and outcomes were retrospectively collected and analysed. Results: Ninety-three patients underwent liver resection and were enrolled in this study. Thirty-six, 23, 3, and 31 patients had PRETEXT stages II, III, IV, and unspecified tumours, respectively. Seven patients had ruptured tumour, 9 had lung metastasis, and 1 had portal vein thrombosis. Sixteen patients underwent primary liver resection, 22 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and delayed surgery, 25 received preoperative transarterial chemoembolisation and delayed surgery, and 30 received a combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, transarterial chemoembolisation, and delayed surgery. Forty patients had both PRETEXT and POST-TEXT information available for analysis. Twelve cases were downstaged after preoperative treatment: 2 from stage IV to III, 8 from stage III to II, and 2 from stage II to I. Ten patients with unspecified PRETEXT stage were confirmed to have POST-TEXT stages II (n=8) and I (n=2) tumours. The PRETEXT and POST-TEXT stages were significantly different. Seven tumours were associated with positive surgical margins, and 12 patients had microvascular involvement. During a median follow-up period of 30.5 months, 84 patients survived without relapse, 9 experienced tumour recurrence, and 4 died. The two-year EFS and OS rates were significantly better among patients without metastasis. The two-year EFS and OS rates were similar among patients treated with different preoperative strategies.Conclusion: The outcomes of hepatoblastoma after resection were excellent.
Increased plasma levels of relaxin-2 in liver cirrhotic patients
Authors: Ma Xiao , Pan Yu , Xu Ruiling , Liu Mingna , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Relaxin-2 has been found to alleviate fibrosis in liver cirrhosis, and our previous study showed that relaxin-3 inhibits ROS-induced hepatic cell apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the levels of plasma relaxin-2 or relaxin-3 in patients with liver cirrhosis and their relationship to component traits in patients with liver cirrhosis. Aims: To determine the levels of plasma relaxin-2 or relaxin-3 in patients with liver cirrhosis and their relationship to component traits in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: A total of 75 patients with liver cirrhosis and 41 age-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. Relaxin-2 and relaxin-3 expression levels in plasma were investigated by radioimmunoassay. Results: Plasma relaxin-2 levels were significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than in control subjects (p=0.004). Specifically, plasma relaxin-2 levels were significantly positively correlated with Child-Pugh classification, white blood cell, activated partial thromboplastin time and indirect bilirubin. Plasma relaxin-2 levels were significantly negatively correlated with albumin. There were no significant differences in plasma relaxin-3 concentrations between the two groups (p=0.932). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded an area under the curve for relaxin-2 of 0.665 in liver cirrhosis. Conclusions: Plasma relaxin-2 levels were higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than in control subjects, and plasma relaxin-2 levels were significantly positively correlated with Child-Pugh classification, and negatively correlated with albumin.
No man is an Island: spatial clustering and access to primary care as possible targets for the development of new community mental health approaches.
Authors: Nascimento Miguel , Lourenço Beatriz , Coelho Ines , Aguiar Joana , Lázaro Mariana , Silva Mariana , Marinho Monica , Pereira Camila , Caldas Inês , Gomes Filipe , Garcia Sara , Nascimento Sandra , Pereira Guilherme , Nogueira Violeta , Costa Pedro , Nobre Alice 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose: to understand if patients seen at Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa (CHPL) live in geographical clusters or randomly throughout the city, as well as determine their access to the psychiatric hospital and primary care facilities (PCF). Methods: spatial autocorrelation statistics regarding all patients observed at CHPL in 2017, at the census subsection level, considering a queen criterion of contiguity, regarding not only their overall number but also main diagnosis, and admission to the psychiatric ward - voluntary or compulsory. Distance to the hospital and to the closest PCF was measured (for each patient and the variables cited above), and the mean values were compared. Finally, the total number of patients around each PCF was counted, considering specified radius sizes of 656 and 1000m. Results: All 5161 patients (509 psychiatric admissions) were geolocated, and statistical significance regarding patient clustering was found for the total number (p-0.0001) and specific group of disorders, namely Schizophrenia and related disorders (p-0.007) and depressive disorders (p-0.0002). Patients who were admitted in a psychiatric ward live farther away from the hospital (p-0.002), with the compulsory admissions (versus voluntary ones) living even farther (p-0.004). Furthermore, defining a radius of 1000m for each PCF allowed the identification of two PCF with more than 1000 patients, and two others with more than 800. Conclusions: as patients seem to live in geographical clusters (and considering PCFs with the highest number of them), possible locations for the development of programs regarding mental health treatment and prevention can now be identified.
Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) and Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Salmonella species isolated from fresh chicken liver samples
Authors: Adhikari Sanjib , Khadka Sujan , Sapkota Sanjeep , Sharma Biplove Raj , Ghimire Anjita , Chalise Muna , Gurung Devika , Kunwar Sujan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective: Emergence of antibiotic resistance among microbes contaminating the fresh meat and meat products is a global public health concern as they can be easily transmitted to humans through their consumption and contact. The current study aimed to isolate and identify Salmonella sp. from fresh chicken liver samples and determine their antibiotic susceptibility patterns with special emphasis on multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Results: Out of 200 samples analyzed, 61 (30.5%) samples harbored Salmonella species among which 15 (7.5%) samples showed the presence of Salmonella Typhi isolates. A significant association was noted in the incidence of Salmonella with various factors pertaining to the butchers such as age, sex and literacy rate. Salmonella isolates were highly sensitive to amikacin (82.0%) and least sensitive to tetracycline (3.3%). All the isolates were resistant to colistin. Moreover, 56 isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant. The total number of ESBL producers reported among Salmonella isolates was 29 (47.5%). The study reported the presence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella species in fresh chicken liver samples sold in Bharatpur metropolis suggesting a need of serious attention by the concerned authorities. Keywords: Salmonella , Fresh chicken liver samples, Antibiotic Susceptibility Test, Multi-drug Resistance, Extended Spectrum β-lactamase