bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiplicity of Galactic Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars from Gaia DR2
Authors: Kervella Pierre , Gallenne Alexandre , Remage Evans Nancy , Szabados Laszlo , Arenou Frédéric , Mérand Antoine , Proto Yann , Karczmarek Paulina , Nardetto Nicolas , Gieren Wolfgang , Pietrzynski Grzegorz 
Published: March 2019

Context. Classical Cepheids (CCs) and RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) are important classes of variable stars used as standard candles to estimate galactic and extragalactic distances. Their multiplicity is imperfectly known, particularly for RRLs. Astoundingly, to date only one RRL has convincingly been demonstrated to be a binary, TU UMa, out of tens of thousands of known RRLs.
Aims. Our aim is to detect the binary and multiple stars present in a sample of Milky Way CCs and RRLs.
Methods. In the present article, we combine the HIPPARCOS and Gaia DR2 positions to determine the mean proper motion of the targets, and we search for proper motion anomalies (PMa) caused by close-in orbiting companions.
Results. We identify 57 CC binaries from PMa out of 254 tested stars and 75 additional candidates, confirming the high binary fraction of these massive stars. For 28 binary CCs, we determine the companion mass by combining their spectroscopic orbital parameters and astrometric PMa. We detect 13 RRLs showing a significant PMa out of 198 tested stars, and 61 additional candidates.
Conclusions. We determine that the binary fraction of CCs is likely above 80%, while that of RRLs is at least 7%. The newly detected systems will be useful to improve our understanding of their evolutionary states. The discovery of a significant number of RRLs in binary systems also resolves the long-standing mystery of their extremely low apparent binary fraction.
Multi-wavelength torus–jet model for Sagittarius A*
Authors: Vincent F. H. , Abramowicz M. A. , Zdziarski A. A. , Wielgus M. , Paumard T. , Perrin G. , Straub O. 
Published: March 2019

Context. The properties of the accretion/ejection flow surrounding the supermassive central black hole of the Galaxy Sgr A* will be scrutinized by the new-generation instrument GRAVITY and the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Developing fast, robust, and simple models of such flows is therefore important and very timely.
Aims. We want to model the quiescent emission of Sgr A* from radio to mid-infrared wavelengths, using thermal and nonthermal synchrotron. The radiation is emitted by the overlay of a magnetized compact torus close to the black hole, and a large-scale magnetized jet. We compare model spectra and images to the multi-wavelength observable constraints available to date. We simulate EHT observations at 1.3 mm of the best-fit model for different inclinations.
methods. We use a simple analytic description for the geometry of the torus and jet. We model their emission by thermal synchrotron and κ-distribution synchrotron, respectively. We use relativistic ray tracing to compute simulated spectra and images, restricting our analysis to the Schwarzschild (zero spin) case. A best-fit is found by adjusting the simulated spectra to the latest observed data, and we check the consistency of our spectral best fits with the radio-image sizes and infrared spectral index constraints. We use the open-source eht-imaging library to generate EHT-reconstructed images.
Results. We find perfect spectral fit ( χred2 ≈ 1) both for nearly face-on and nearly edge-on views. These best fits give parameter values very close to those found by the most recent numerical simulations, which are much more complex than our model. The intrinsic radio size of Sgr A* is found to be in reasonable agreement with the centimetric observed constraints. Our best-fit infrared spectral index is in perfect agreement with the latest constraints. Our emission region at 1.3 mm, although larger than the early-EHT Gaussian best fit, does contain bright features at the ≲40 μas scale. EHT-reconstructed images show that torus/jet-specific features persist after the reconstruction procedure, and that these features are sensitive to inclination.
Conclusions. The main interest of our model is to provide a simple and fast model of the quiescent state of Sgr A*, which gives extremely similar results to those of state-of-the-art numerical simulations. Our model is easy to use and we publish all the material necessary to reproduce our spectra and images, meaning that anyone interested can use our results relatively straightforwardly. We hope that such a public tool will be useful in the context of the recent and near-future GRAVITY and EHT results.
Recurrent Fulminant Myocarditis Repeatedly Treated with Ecmo in a Child
Authors: Vercek Gregor , Markelj Gasper , Mlakar Gorazd , Primec Zvonka , Bertok Sara , Writzl Karin , Stefanija Magdalena , Bajic Stevan , Vesel Samo , Ihan Alojz , Stritar Albin , Pokorn Marko , Kovac Jernej , Debeljak Marusa , Vidmar Ivan , Avcin Tadej , Grosek Stefan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecurrent myocarditis is rare with only few reports having been published for paediatric cases. Repeated use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is also uncommon. In this paper we will present a very rare case of a 7-year old girl with recurrent fulminant myocarditis with heart failure requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mechanical circulatory support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Both episodes were precipitated by a viral upper respiratory tract infection, and in both cases the cardiac function eventually completely recovered. The second episode of fulminant myocarditis was particularly complex with markedly elevated markers of myocardiocytolysis, multiorgan dysfunction and the need for prolonged mechanical circulatory support. Nevertheless, the patient made a remarkable recovery. A comprehensive diagnostic workup pointed towards an aberrant immune response as the likely cause of the girl’s susceptibility for fulminant myocarditis.
Embolization of Ruptured Renal Angiomyolipoma in Puerpera
Authors: Góes Junior Adenauer Marinho de Oliveira , Jeha Salim Abdon Haber , de Oliveira Carolina Pinheiro , Santos Daniel Arthur Santos dos 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAngiomyolipomas (AMLs) are rare benign tumors derived from mesenchymal tissue and composed of varying degrees of adipose tissue, muscle and blood vessels. Renal AMLs (RAMLs) are the result of a sporadic event, and, in most of cases, the diagnosis is usually incidental, but hemorrhage and shock may be present. During pregnancy, the size of AMLs may increase and they may rupture, probably due to the high expression of hormone receptors, and the increase in maternal circulation and abdominal pressure. The authors present a case of a woman with ruptured RAML submitted to urgent endovascular treatment four days after giving birth by cesarean section.
Intensifying constructions in French-speaking L2 learners of English and Dutch
Authors: Hendrikx Isa , Van Goethem Kristel , Wulff Stefanie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe investigate the cross-linguistic influence and the (longitudinal) impact of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) on the acquisition of intensifying constructions, using corpora of written French, Dutch, and English productions by L1 speakers, and L2 English and L2 Dutch produced by French-speaking learners in CLIL and traditional foreign language education. We hypothesize that learners will benefit from similarities between the L1 and target language (TL) intensifying constructions, and secondly, that more input and use (through CLIL) will lead to a more target-like use of intensifying constructions. The analyses include quantitative measures of frequency and productivity, and covarying analyses (Gries, 2007). Our findings suggest that, as expected, CLIL students produce intensifying constructions in a more target-like manner. The effect of the duration of TL learning, however, is more apparent in English than in Dutch.
Collaborative remembering at work
Authors: Bietti Lucas M. , Baker Michael J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Collaborative remembering is essential to enabling teams to build shared understanding of projects and their
progress. This article presents an analysis of collaborative remembering sequences in a corpus of interactions collected in a
workplace where a team of designers developed a video television commercial. On the basis of coding and analysing linguistic and
bodily behaviors in 158 such sequences, extracted from over 45 hours of video recordings, recurrent patterns of collaborative
remembering processes were identified, relating to the interplay of work roles. This article shows that collaborative remembering
in the design studio is structured by behavioural, interactive and social factors.
Injection of an Adipocytolytic Agent for Reduction of Excess Periaxillary Fat
Authors: Shridharani Sachin M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
The principal current treatment options for reduction of excess anterior periaxillary fat (APAF) are invasive procedures such as excision and liposuction.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ATX-101 (deoxycholic acid injection) as a treatment to reduce APAF.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 12 women with periaxillary fullness underwent ATX-101 treatment. Patients were examined to confirm that fullness was due to excess APAF and sufficient subcutaneous fat was present to warrant treatment. Before treatment, the lateral and medial borders of the treatment area were identified and marked. A 1-cm grid was placed to guide the placement of the ATX-101 injections. Reduction in APAF was based on visual assessment and palpation by the clinician, and assessment of before/after patient photographs by the patient and 2 blinded plastic surgeons; all had to agree that APAF reduction had occurred. Patient satisfaction was also assessed. Safety was evaluated in terms of adverse events (AEs).

Results
Patients underwent a mean of 1.8 ATX-101 treatments; 5 patients received 1 treatment, whereas 7 received multiple treatments. Ten patients achieved a reduction in APAF and were satisfied with treatment. One patient was satisfied after 1 treatment but did not return for posttreatment photographs. One patient did not show any noticeable reduction in APAF after 1 treatment; however, this patient was satisfied and additional treatments are planned. Common AEs included injection-site numbness, edema, and tenderness that lasted for a mean of 18.6, 6.0, and 4.5 days, respectively.

Conclusions
ATX-101 effectively reduced APAF and was generally well tolerated in this small cohort. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Level of Evidence: 4
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Ghanaian migrants and their homeland counterparts: the Research on Obesity and type 2 Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study
Authors: van der Linden Eva L , Meeks Karlijn , Beune Erik , de-Graft Aikins Ama , Addo Juliet , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , Mockenhaupt Frank P , Bahendeka Silver , Danquah Ina , Schulze Matthias B , Spranger Joachim , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Tetteh Appiah Lambert , Smeeth Liam , Stronks Karien , Agyemang Charles 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. It is unknown whether the MetSyn prevalence differs within a homogenous population residing in different settings in Africa and Europe. We therefore assessed the prevalence of MetSyn among Ghanaians living in rural- and urban-Ghana and Ghanaian migrants living in Europe.

Methods
We used data from the cross-sectional multi-centre RODAM study that was conducted among Ghanaian adults aged 25–70 years residing in rural- and urban-Ghana and in London, Amsterdam and Berlin (n = 5659). MetSyn was defined according to the 2009 harmonized definition. Geographical locations were compared using age-standardized prevalence rates, and prevalence ratios (PRs), adjusted for age, education, physical activity, and smoking and stratified for sex.

Results
In men, the age-standardized prevalence of MetSyn was 8.3% in rural Ghana and showed a positive gradient through urban Ghana (23.6%, adjusted PR = 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.17–2.92) to Europe, with the highest prevalence in Amsterdam (31.4%; PR = 4.45, 2.94–6.75). In women, there was a rural-to-urban gradient in age-standardized MetSyn prevalence (rural Ghana 25%, urban Ghana 34.4%, PR = 1.38, 1.13–1.68), but small differences in MetSyn prevalence between urban-Ghanaian and European-Ghanaian women (Amsterdam 38.4%; London 38.2%).

Conclusion
MetSyn is highly prevalent in Ghana as well as in Ghanaian migrants in Europe. To assist prevention efforts, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving the geographical differences in MetSyn prevalence between migrant and non-migrant Ghanaians.
Multilateralism and the Use of Force: Experimental Evidence on the Views of Foreign Policy Elites
Authors: Busby Joshua , Kafura Craig , Monten Jonathan , Tama Jordan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInternational relations scholars have found that multilateral approval increases public support for the use of military force and have developed competing explanations for this phenomenon. However, this literature has given little attention to the attitudes of individuals who participate directly in the foreign policy process or shape foreign policy debates. In this research note, we administer a survey experiment to both a cross-section of US foreign policy elites and a nationally representative sample of the US public. We find that US foreign policy elites are more responsive to multilateral approval than the US public, with elites with direct foreign policy decision-making experience valuing it especially highly. These findings point to the importance of considering differences between elites and the public when investigating or theorizing about the impact of multilateral cooperation on domestic politics.
Staged total cavopulmonary connection: serial comparison of intra-atrial lateral tunnel and extracardiac conduit taking account of current surgical adaptations
Authors: van den Bosch Eva , Bossers Sjoerd S M , Bogers Ad J J C , Robbers-Visser Daniëlle , van Dijk Arie P J , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W , Breur Hans M P J , Haas Felix , Kapusta Livia , Helbing Willem A 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESOur goals were to compare the outcome of the intra-atrial lateral tunnel (ILT) and the extracardiac conduit (ECC) techniques for staged total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) and to compare the current modifications of the TCPC technique, i.e. the prosthetic ILT technique with the current ECC technique with a ≥18-mm conduit.METHODSWe included patients who had undergone a staged TCPC between 1988 and 2008. Records were reviewed for patient demographics, operative details and events during follow-up (death, surgical and catheter-based reinterventions and arrhythmias).RESULTSOf the 208 patients included, 103 had the ILT (51 baffle, 52 prosthetic) technique and 105 had the ECC technique. Median follow-up duration was 13.2 years (interquartile range 9.5–16.3). At 15 years after the TCPC, the overall survival rate was comparable (81% ILT vs 89% ECC; P = 0.12). Freedom from late surgical and catheter-based reintervention was higher for patients who had ILT than for those who had ECC (63% vs 44%; P = 0.016). However, freedom from late arrhythmia was lower for patients who had ILT than for those who had ECC (71% vs 85%, P = 0.034). In a subgroup of patients who had the current TCPC technique, when we compared the use of a prosthetic ILT with ≥18-mm ECC, we found no differences in freedom from late arrhythmias (82% vs 86%, P = 0.64) or in freedom from late reinterventions (70% vs 52%, P = 0.14).CONCLUSIONSA comparison between the updated prosthetic ILT and current ≥18-mm ECC techniques revealed no differences in late arrhythmia-free survival or late reintervention-free survival. Overall, outcomes after the staged TCPC were relatively good and reinterventions occurred more frequently in the ECC group, whereas late arrhythmias were more common in the ILT group.
Increased CXCR3+ T Cells Impairs Recruitment of T-Helper Type 17 Cells via Interferon γ and Interleukin 18 in the Small Intestine Mucosa During Treated HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Loiseau C , Requena M , Nayrac M , Mavigner M , Cazabat M , Iscache A L , Carrere N , Suc B , Alric L , Izopet J , Delobel P 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The restoration of CD4+ T cells, especially T-helper type 17 (Th17) cells, remains incomplete in the gut mucosa of most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–infected individuals despite sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART). Herein, we report an increase in the absolute number of CXCR3+ T cells in the duodenal mucosa during ART. The frequencies of Th1 and CXCR3+ CD8+ T cells were increased and negatively correlated with CCL20 and CCL25 expression in the mucosa. In ex vivo analyses, we showed that interferon γ, the main cytokine produced by Th1 and effector CD8+ T cells, downregulates the expression of CCL20 and CCL25 by small intestine enterocytes, while it increases the expression of CXCL9/10/11, the ligands of CXCR3. Interleukin 18, a pro-Th1 cytokine produced by enterocytes, also contributes to the downregulation of CCL20 expression and increases interferon γ production by Th1 cells. This could perpetuate an amplification loop for CXCR3-driven Th1 and effector CD8+ T cells recruitment to the gut, while impairing Th17 cells homing through the CCR6-CCL20 axis in treated HIV-1–infected individuals.
Managing Macrofinancial Crises
Authors: Honohan Patrick , Lombardi Domenico , St. Amand Samantha 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Central banks have a mandate—either explicit or implicit—to guard against systemic financial crises and manage them if and when they occur. Given the need to make urgent decisions in the face of rapidly evolving circumstances, the central bank in a crisis faces challenges of economic analysis, market judgment, and political legitimacy. Lacking a simple criterion such as the rate of inflation, crisis-management decisions are inevitably contested in terms of both technical success and democratic legitimacy. Focusing on the mandates and the toolkit of central banks, this chapter illustrates how shortcomings can arise in responding to macrofinancial crises and then highlights directions for improvement. A selection of case studies identifies how political economy dynamics had an impact on historic episodes, for better or worse.
Can the Central Bank Alleviate Fiscal Burdens?
Authors: Reis Ricardo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Central banks affect the resources available to fiscal authorities through the impact of their policies on the public debt, as well as through their income, their mix of assets, their liabilities, and their own solvency. This chapter inspects the ability of the central bank to alleviate the fiscal burden by influencing different terms in the government resource constraint. It discusses five channels: (i) how inflation can (and cannot) lower the real burden of the public debt, (ii) how seigniorage is generated and subject to what constraints, (iii) whether central bank liabilities should count as public debt, (iv) how central bank assets create income risk and whether or not this threatens its solvency, and (v) how the central bank balance sheet can be used for fiscal redistributions. Overall, it concludes that the scope for the central bank to lower the fiscal burden is limited.
Causation, Value Judgments, Verstehen
Authors: Turner Stephen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Weber’s “methodological writings” are some of the most influential parts of his work; they are his philosophical and technical explication of the basic problems of social science and history and their relation to other forms of knowledge, as well as the relation of knowledge to action and values. They explain his basic concepts, such as ideal type, values and value-free science, Verstehen, and the notion of causality that is appropriate to social and historical concepts. These ideas have often been misrepresented in the subsequent literature but remain a powerful source of insight and provide valuable critical tools for assessing social science claims.
Chloride Channels in Nociceptors
Authors: Oh Uhtaek , Jung Jooyoung 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Pain may be induced by activation of various ion channels expressed in primary afferent neurons. These channels function as molecular sensors that detect noxious chemical, temperature, or tactile stimuli and transduce them into nociceptor electrical signals. Transient receptor potential channels are good examples because they are activated by chemicals, heat, cold, and acid in nociceptors. Anion channels were little studied in nociception because of the notion that anion channels might induce hyperpolarization of nociceptors on opening. In contrast, opening of Cl- channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons depolarizes sensory neurons, resulting in excitation of nociceptors, thereby inducing pain. Anoctamin 1(ANO1)/TMEM16A is a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel expressed mainly in small DRG neurons, suggesting a nociception role. ANO1 is a heat sensor that detects heat over 44°C. Ano1-deficient mice elicit less nocifensive behaviors to hot temperatures. In addition, mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by inflammation or nerve injury are alleviated in Ano1-/- mice. More important, Ano1 transcripts are increased in chronic pain models. Bestrophin 1 (Best1) is another Ca2+-activated Cl- channel expressed in nociceptors. Best1 is increased in axotomized DRG neurons. The role of Best1 in nociception is not clear. GABAA receptors are in the central process of DRG neurons; GABA depolarizes the primary afferents. This depolarization consists of primary afferent depolarization essential for inhibiting nociceptive input to second-order neurons in the spinal cord, regulating pain signals to the brain. Thus, although Cl- channels in nociceptors are not as numerous as TRP channels, their role in nociception is distinct and significant.
Challenging and Adverse Meditation Experiences
Authors: Lindahl Jared R. , Britton Willoughby B. , Cooper David J. , Kirmayer Laurence J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Challenging meditation experiences have been documented in Buddhist literature, in psychological research, and in a recent qualitative study by the authors. Some of the central questions in the investigation of this topic are: How are meditation-related challenges to be interpreted or appraised? Through which processes are experiences determined to be expected or “normative” aspects of contemplative development versus undesirable “adverse effects” or psychopathology? And is it possible to differentiate or disambiguate the two? A review of available research suggests that distinguishing between experiences that are religious or mystical and those that indicate psychopathology depends on detailed knowledge of the specific contexts in which these experiences occur. Furthermore, research that specifically examines meditation-related challenges shows that interpretations, causal explanations, and recommended responses are often negotiated between practitioners and other people in their practice settings and larger social communities. This chapter considers some of the social dynamics of these appraisal processes and explores some of the consequences of adopting different appraisals. However, because there can be a lack of consensus around how experiences should be interpreted or appraised, a more useful question may be: What type of support does this particular experience require? Systematic attention to social context can both inform research on meditation-related challenges and provide guidance on the issues surrounding their appraisal and management in both clinical and non-clinical contexts.