bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tibial Tubercle Fractures in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Haber Daniel B. , Tepolt Frances , McClincy Michael P. , Kalish Leslie , Kocher Mininder S. 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: To report patient characteristics, fracture types, treatment methods, and clinical outcomes of children and adolescents treated for tibial tubercle fractures. Methods: Patients age 19 and under treated for tibial tubercle fractures at a single institution from 1995 to 2015 were identified and their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were reported for patients with a minimum follow up of 6 months. Associations were tested using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Two-hundred thirty seven tibial tubercle fractures were identified in 229 patients; 198 (86%) male. There were 139 (59%) left sided injuries. Mean age was 14.3 years (range 4.9 - 19.8). Mean body mass index (BMI) was 25. Osgood-Schlatters was identified in 72 (30%) cases and was most commonly associated with Ogden type I fractures (p<0.001). Two-hundred and four (86%) fractures occurred while participating in athletics, most commonly basketball (87, 43%). Of the 228 cases for which mechanism of injury was identified, 69 (30%) occurred while landing, 60 (26%) resulted from a direct blow to the knee, and 51 (22%) occurred while jumping. Ogden III fractures were most common (96, 41%) followed by Ogden I fractures (67, 28%). Initial treatment was surgical for 158 (67%) fractures, of which 58 (37%) underwent reoperation, 53 (34%) for hardware removal. Ogden I fractures were most commonly treated non-operatively (91%) and Ogden II-V fractures were most commonly treated operatively (89%, p<0.001). Elevated BMI was associated with Ogden II-V fractures (p=0.003) and injuries requiring operative treatment (p<0.001). Compartment syndrome was identified in 4 (2%) injuries and required emergent fasciotomy. Prophylactic anterior and/or lateral fasciotomy was performed in 35 (15%) operatively treated injuries. Of the 117 (49%) patients for whom minimum 6-month follow up was documented, 103 (88%) returned to sports; among those treated operatively (87), 2 (2%) developed symptomatic limb length discrepancy, 1 (1%) developed tibial recurvatum, and 6 (7%) developed post-operative infection. At last follow up, 39 (45%) of surgical patients reported pain at the tibial tubercle, 23 (26%) reported pain with squatting, and 13 (15%) had patellar tendonitis. Thirty-seven (43%) complained of hardware prominence. Conclusion: Tibial tubercle fractures occur most commonly in adolescent male athletes and are associated with basketball, elevated BMI, Osgood-Schlatters, and a risk of compartment syndrome. Following treatment, most patients return to sport. As the largest single series of tibial tubercle fractures reported, this study provides valuable insight into injury epidemiology, relationship with Osgood Schlatters, and clinical outcomes.
Focal Periphyseal Edema (FOPE): A Newly Reported Cause of Knee Pain in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Wu Mark , Bixby Sarah , Kramer Dennis E. , Heyworth Benton E. 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: To elucidate the clinical and radiologic features of focal periphyseal edema (FOPE) of the knee, a newly reported cause of knee pain in adolescent athletes, which as been described primarily in only the radiologic literature to date. Methods: Medical records were reviewed of all patients <19 years old diagnosed with knee FOPE by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a tertiary care pediatric referral center. Clinical history and physical exam findings were recorded to assess whether “symptomatic FOPE” was the cause of the patient’s presenting complaints (i.e. no other identifiable etiology for knee pain) or whether the MRI finding was possibly “incidental FOPE” (i.e. other etiologies of knee pain were evident). Radiologic features, including location, size, and concentration and concomitant pathology were analyzed. Results: 56 patients (mean age, 13.9, range 9-16 years, 96% self-reported athletes) with 60 affected knees were included. Females were more common than males (59% vs. 41%, p=0.159). FOPE cases were followed for a mean of 6.1 months (sd,6.8). The primary sport was a repetitive, high-impact sport in 47 patients (90%), most common of which was soccer (27%), basketball (25%), and competitive running/cross-country/track (17%). On MRI, there were 86 distinct knee FOPE zones in patients, the vast majority of whom were undergoing at least early physeal closure. More instances (n=52,60%) were identified in the distal femur than the proximal tibia (n=34,39%) and proximal fibula (n=1,1%). The mean transverse diameter was 10.4 mm (sd,5.6). Ten (17%) knees were clearly classified into “symptomatic FOPE,” and 50 (83%) knees were classified into “incidental FOPE.” Of the concomitant diagnoses reported clinically and/or radiologically, as detailed in Table 1, the majority were overuse-type conditions, such as patellar tendonitis, osteochondritis dissecans, or medial plica syndrome. Patients with symptomatic FOPE lesions (15.3 mm, sd 8.9) had significantly larger lesions than those with incidental FOPE lesions (9.5 mm, sd 4.3)(p=.021). All patients with symptomatic FOPE underwent spontaneous resolution with only physical therapy/conservative measures. Conclusion: In this series of 56 patients with knee FOPE, the majority of cases arose in athletes approaching skeletal maturity, participating in high impact sports, and in conjunction with other knee overuse injuries. Caregivers of adolescent athletes must be aware of this newly described condition with unique, characteristic findings on MRI. For patients with atraumatic knee pain of unclear etiology who are approaching skeletal maturity, FOPE should be considered and may be treated with conservative measures and reassurance of spontaneous resolution with rest and continued growth.
Reduction of Hip Arthroscopy Post-Operative Pain Using Ultrasound-guided Fascia-Iliaca Block: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Glomset John Larson , Kim Eugene J. , Tokish John M. , Renfro Suzanne D. , Seckel Tyler B. , Adams Kyle J. , Folk Jason 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: Ultrasound guided fascia-Iliaca blocks have been used for pain control following hip arthroscopy. There is little evidence regarding their effectiveness in comparison to other pain control modalities in hip arthroscopy patients. To compare efficacy of ultrasound guided fascia iliac block with intra-articular ropivacaine in controlling pain after hip arthroscopy. Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, 95 patients undergoing hip arthroscopy were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The first group received an ultrasound-guided fascia-iliaca block with 50-60mLs of 0.35% ropivacaine. The second group received intra-articular injection of 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine at the completion of the surgical case. Primary outcomes were post-operative pain scores in the recovery room, at PACU discharge, at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative and PACU narcotic usage (converted to morphine equivalent use) as well as readmission rates, PACU recovery time and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Results: Postoperative pain across all points did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Intraoperative and PACU narcotics did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Readmission rates, PACU recovery time and PONV did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. There were no associated complications in either group. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided fascia iliaca block for hip arthroscopy had no clinical advantage when compared to one time intra-articular ropivacaine injection. Furthermore, an intraarticular injection decreases costs and is a safe and more efficient modality for postoperative pain control following hip arthroscopy.
Health diagnosis improvement in remote community health centers through telemedicine
Authors: Galván Pedro , Velázquez Miguel , Rivas Ronald , Benitez Gualberto , Barrios Antonio , Hilario Enrique 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) applied to the healthcare offer multiple advantages for diagnostic services and remote consultations. However, evidence on the diagnosis improvement in rural communities is limited. The usability of telemedicine to improve the coverage of diagnostic services in Paraguay was investigated. Methods: The goal of this descriptive study was to evaluate whether a telemedicine system implemented in remote public regional and district hospitals in Paraguay over a period of 3 years from 2014 to 2016 could facilitate the universal coverage of diagnostic services in rural communities. Results: In the study period, 182,406 remote diagnoses from 54 hospitals through a telemedicine system were performed. Of the total, 37.31% (68,085) corresponded to tomography, 62.00% (113,059) to electrocardiogram (ECG), 0.68% (1243) to electroencephalogram (EEG), and 0.01% (19) to ultrasound (US). Tomography was performed in 12 hospitals: 54.4% corresponded to head injuries, 13.8% to chest, and the rest to other anatomical regions. ECG was carried out in 52 hospitals; and in 62.1% of the cases, the results were normal; 12.5% unspecified arrhythmias; and 10.4% sinus bradycardia among the most frequent pathologies. EEG diagnosis showed history of seizure (54.3%), evolutionary control (14.0%), and headache (11.5%) among the most frequent diagnoses. All 19 US studies corresponded to prenatal control. Conclusion: These results showed that telemedicine may enhance the diagnostic services in rural communities, thus reducing the number of referrals and optimizing human and financial resources.
HIV‐exposed uninfected infants: elevated cord blood Interleukin 8 (IL‐8) is significantly associated with maternal HIV infection and systemic IL‐8 in a Kenyan cohort
Authors: Lohman‐Payne Barbara , Gabriel Benjamin , Park Sangshin , Wamalwa Dalton , Maleche‐Obimbo Elizabeth , Farquhar Carey , Bosire Rose Kerubo , John‐Stewart Grace 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn low and middle income countries, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposed, uninfected (HEU) infants demonstrate higher morbidity and mortality than their unexposed counterparts. To determine possible immune correlates of this effect, we investigated the impact of in utero HIV exposure on the uninfected neonatal immune milieu and maternal factors mediating these abnormalities in a cohort of vaginally delivered mother‐infants. Samples of delivery and cord blood plasma were selected from 22 Kenyan HIV‐infected women and their HIV exposed uninfected (HEU) infants drawn from the pre‐ARV era, while 19 Kenyan HIV‐uninfected (HU) women and their infants were selected from a control cohort.ResultsCompared to HU cord plasma, HEU cord plasma contained significantly higher levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukins (IL)‐6 and ‐8 (both p < 0.001) and significantly lower levels of CXC motif chemokine 11 (CXC11) (p < 0.001). Mediation analysis demonstrated that maternal HIV infection status was a significant determinant of infant IL‐8 responses: HEU status was associated with a ninefold higher infant:mother (cord:delivery) plasma levels of IL‐8 (p < 0.005), whereas maternal viral load was negatively associated with HEU IL‐8 levels (p = 0.04) and not associated with HEU IL‐6 levels.ConclusionsExposure to maternal HIV infection drives an increase in prenatal IL‐8 that is partially mediated by maternal cytokine levels. Differences between maternal and infant cytokine levels strongly suggest independent modulation in utero, consistent with prenatal immune activation. Elevated pro‐inflammatory signals at birth may interfere with T cell responses at birth and subsequently influence immune maturation and the risk of morbidity and mortality in HEU infants.
Addressing viscous effects in acoustic full-waveform inversion
Authors: Calderón Agudo Òscar , Vieira da Silva Nuno , Warner Michael , Kalinicheva Tatiana , Morgan Joanna 
Published: July 2018

In conventional full-waveform inversion (FWI), viscous effects are typically neglected, and this is likely to adversely affect the recovery of P-wave velocity. We have developed a strategy to mitigate viscous effects based on the use of matching filters with the aim of improving the performance of acoustic FWI. The approach requires an approximate estimate of the intrinsic attenuation model, and it is one to three times more expensive than conventional acoustic FWI. First, we perform 2D synthetic tests to study the impact of viscoacoustic effects on the recorded wavefield and analyze how that affects the recovered velocity models after acoustic FWI. Then, we apply the current method on the generated data and determine that it mitigates viscous effects successfully even in the presence of noise. We find that having an approximate estimate for intrinsic attenuation, even when these effects are strong, leads to improvements in resolution and a more accurate recovery of the P-wave velocity. Then, we implement and develop our method on a 2D field data set using Gabor transforms to obtain an approximate intrinsic attenuation model and inversion frequencies of up to 24 Hz. The analysis of the results indicates that there is an improvement in terms of resolution and continuity of the layers on the recovered P-wave velocity model, leading to an improved flattening of gathers and a closer match of the inverted velocity model with the migrated seismic data.
Making Books to Form Readers
Authors: Zanger Abby E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This essay examines the prolific use of woodcut images by Denis Janot, a well-known and successful sixteenth-century printer-publisher. It argues that the repetition and reuse of images both within and among books on Janot's list served as a form of branding that connected the reader not to one individual work but to the larger corpus of works produced by this industrious and skilled libraire. In this period, the book was not yet a familiar object to its users; in linking the recycling of images solely to economic and practical exigencies, scholars have misconstrued this practice and its import for publishing and reading. Such recycling of woodcuts can be better understood as a way to familiarize and form readers at the very earliest moments of establishing economic and sociocultural viability for the early modern French printed book.
What Made Reading Dangerous in Eighteenth-Century France?
Authors: Graham Lisa Jane 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article approaches reading by comparing the views of police officers and physicians in eighteenth-century France. Both had a vested interest in readers as part of their professional duties. Contrary to expectations, anxiety about reading cut across the ideological divisions of the Enlightenment. When we situate the police perspective on the dangers of reading in this broader conversation, we see their repressive activities in a new light. What distinguished their views from those of doctors, who targeted reading as a public health problem for medical intervention, was not their conviction that reading required regulation but their understanding of fiction and its effects. The police located the dangers of reading outside the text, not inside it. Reading fueled conversations, speculations, and the production of more texts. By contrast, the doctors warned about the absorptive powers of fiction and moved the danger zone inside the individual's imagination. This analysis suggests that attitudes toward reading revealed doubts about the human capacity for self-government that guided both royal officials and men of science in their diagnosis of social life.
Buffalo Bill Goes to France
Authors: Datta Venita 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn 1889 and 1905 William F. Cody, commonly known as Buffalo Bill, took his Wild West show on a tour of Europe, playing to sellout crowds on both trips. Although at first glance Buffalo Bill may appear to be a symbol of the vanishing American West, he also represented the power of the new American colossus, embodied by the conquest of the frontier through the technology of the rifle. Buffalo Bill's Wild West was a symbol of American invention and ingenuity, employing electric lights and mass publicity techniques. The show, however, was not simply a demonstration of modern American enterprise and technology; its very message of the westward march of civilization was modern. Examining the reception of Buffalo Bill in France on two visits offers us a unique opportunity to explore the evolution of the relationship of the “sister republics” at a key moment in French and American history.
Hillis Miller on the End of Literature
Authors: Liyuan Zhu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the first decade after 2000, the idea of “the end of literature” proposed by J. Hillis Miller aroused widespread controversy in Chinese academe. This article seeks to reiterate the original meaning of Miller’s statement while tracing the original Chinese context from which this debate arose. The article points out that the real reason for this debate is not that there are different understandings of Miller’s term the end of literature but that Chinese academics have become dissatisfied with and anxious about the increasingly marginal status of literature. This debate has coincided historically with scholarly concerns over visual culture, the aestheticization of everyday life, cultural studies, and globalization. Each of these discussions contains related insights into the future development and transformation of literary theory and its disciplinary boundaries.
Western Literary Theory in China
Authors: Miller J. Hillis 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The authors of the essays on Western theory in China in this issue of MLQ all favor the development of a distinctively Chinese literary theory. Wang Ning focuses on the influence since 1950 of Jean-Paul Sartre, Jacques Derrida, and Alain Badiou. Zhang Jiang more or less totally rejects Western literary-critical theorists as guilty of what he calls “imposed interpretation.” Zhang eschews formulas or models in literary criticism in favor of reading each work as something unique and sui generis. Zhu Liyuan discusses in detail the influence in China of the present author’s “end of literature” essay. “Western Literary Theory in China” ends with a section about something the three Chinese authors do not stress, namely, the major changes in literary theory in every country, including China, brought about willy-nilly by the shift from print media to digital media. What happens to a literary work when it is read online rather than in print?
A predicted unstructured C-terminal loop domain in SIRT1 is required for cathepsin B cleavage
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Daitsh Yutti , Ben-Aderet Louisa , Qiq Omar , Elayyan Jinan , Batshon George , Reich Eli , Maatuf Yonatan Harel , Engel Stanislav , Dvir-Ginzberg Mona 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
The C-terminus of SIRT1 can be cleaved by cathepsin B at amino acid H533 to generate a lower-functioning, N-terminally intact 75 kDa polypeptide (75SIRT1) that might be involved in age-related pathologies. However, the mechanisms underlying cathepsin B docking to and cleavage of SIRT1 are unclear. Here, we first identified several 75SIRT1 variants that are augmented with aging correlatively with increased cathepsin B levels in various mouse tissues, highlighting the possible role of this cleavage event in age-related pathologies. Then, based on H533 point mutation and structural modeling, we generated a functionally intact ΔSIRT1 mutant, lacking the internal amino acids 528–543 (a predicted C-terminus loop domain), which exhibits resistance to cathepsin B cleavage in vitro and in cell cultures. Finally, we showed that cells expressing ΔSIRT1 under pro-inflammatory stress are more likely to undergo caspase 9- dependent apoptosis than those expressing 75SIRT1. Thus, our data suggest that the 15-amino acid predicted loop motif embedded in the C-terminus of SIRT1 is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by cathepsin B, leading to the formation of several N-terminally intact SIRT1 truncated variants in various aging mouse tissues.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Differentiating spinal intradural-extramedullary schwannoma from meningioma using MRI T
2 weighted images
Authors: Takashima Hiroyuki , Takebayashi Tsuneo , Yoshimoto Mitsunori , Onodera Maki , Terashima Yoshinori , Iesato Noriyuki , Tanimoto Katsumasa , Ogon Izaya , Morita Tomonori , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: July 2018

Objective:
Prior studies advocate the subjective visual differences between meningioma and schwannoma on T 2 weighted images, however objective measurement of signal intensity differences may be useful in certain cases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an objective evaluation of SIs on T 2 weighted images would be useful to differentiate spinal schwannomas from meningiomas.

Methods:
The patients with spinal MRIs demonstrating path proven and subsequently treated intradural extramedullary spinal tumors were selected between April 2008 and May 2017. Regions of interest (ROIs) were measured in the tumor and subcutaneous fat on the same image, and we calculated the SI ratio between tumor and fat ROIs.

Results:
Twenty patients each with meningioma and schwannoma were enrolled. The SI ratios of schwannomas were significantly higher than those of meningiomas (both researcher 1 and 2: p = 0.002). The areas under the curve by researchers 1 and 2 were 0.780. The cutoff value of SI ratio by both of researchers 1 and 2 to differentiate between schwannomas from meningiomas was 0.420 (sensitivity: 80.0%, specificity: 70.0–75.0%).

Conclusion:
The SI ratio, calculated from the SIs of the tumor and fat on T 2 weighted images, is useful for differentiating spinal schwannomas from meningiomas to obtain an accurate diagnosis.

Advances in knowledge:
Signal intensity ratio of the spinal tumor and fat on T 2 weighted images is useful for differentiating schwannomas from meningiomas to obtain an accurate diagnosis.
Characterization of Panton–Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus from skin and soft tissue infections and wounds in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayepola Olayemi O. , Olasupo Nurudeen A. , Egwari Louis O. , Schaumburg Frieder 
Published: July 2018

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen implicated in numerous nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) can be associated with severe necrotizing diseases such as pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). Methods: In total, 96 S. aureus isolates were obtained from patients presenting with wounds (n=48) and soft tissue infections (SSTIs, n=48). These were characterized based on their antimicrobial susceptibility profile, the possession of virulence genes (e.g. capsular type, PVL), accessory gene regulator (agr) type, and the staphylococcal protein A (spa) type. The production of the PVL protein was assessed by western blotting. Results: All isolates were susceptible to methicillin. The resistance was highest to penicillin (97.9%), followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (85.4%) and tetracycline (10.4%). The PVL gene was found in 83.3% of isolates from SSTIs and in 79.2% of isolates from wound. Of these, 53 (68%) produced PVL as assessed by western blotting. The most prevalent spa type was the t084 (78.1%, n=75) and, majority of the isolates carried agr2 (82.3%, n=79). Conclusions: Prevalence of antibiotic resistant PVL-positive methicillin susceptible S. aureus strains has severe implications on PVL mediated infections.