bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and development of antibacterial fabrics using Pongamia pinnata extracts
Authors: Andra Swetha , Muthalagu Murugesan , Jeevanandam Jaison , Sekar Durga Devi , Ramamoorthy Rajalakshmi 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
A widespread focus on the plant-based antimicrobial cotton fabric finishes has been accomplished with notable importance in recent times. The antimicrobials prevent microbial dwelling in fabrics, which causes severe infections to the fabric users. Chemical disinfectants were conventionally used in fabrics to address this challenge; however, they were found to be toxic to humans. Thus, the present study aims to deal with the utilization of phytochemical extracts from different parts of Pongamia pinnata as antimicrobial coatings in cotton fabrics.

Design/methodology/approach
The root, bark and stem were collected and washed several times using tap water. Then, the leaves were dried at room temperature and the root and bark were dried using an oven at 40ºC. After drying, they were ground into fine powder and extracted with ethanol using the Soxhlet apparatus. After that the extract was coated on the fabric tested for antimicrobial studies.

Findings
The results reported that the leaf extract of P. pinnata-coated fabric exhibited enhanced antibacterial property towards gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria, followed by root, bark and stem. The wash durability test in the extract-coated fabric samples revealed that dip-coating retained antibacterial activity until five washes. Thus, the current study clearly suggests that the leaf extract from P. pinnata is highly useful to develop antibacterial cotton fabrics as health-care textiles.

Originality/value
The novelty of the present work is to obtain the crude extract from the leaves, bark, root and stem of P. pinnata and evaluate their antibacterial activity against E. coli, upon being coated on cotton fibres. In addition, the extracts were subjected to wash durability analysis to study the coating efficiency of the phytochemicals in cotton fabrics and a probable mechanism for the antibacterial activity of P. pinnata extracts was also presented.
Digital maturity – the new competitive goal
Authors: Rader David 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The authors of “The Digital Fallacy” are interviewed by veteran strategist David Rader. They envision digital implementation as a learning journey rather than a time-boxed program. They name the journey “Digital Maturity.”

Design/methodology/approach
Explains how Digital Maturity is a way of applying digital technology – at first to promote efficiency and ultimately in creative ways to innovate new business models – an operation that continues to grow and evolve.

Findings
Digitally mature companies are more likely to be agile, experimental, risk tolerant, collaborative and learning organizations.

Practical implications
Getting started can begin with identifying leaders within the organization with characteristics exhibited by digitally mature organizations and tasking them and a team with an effort that allows them to test fast, learn fast and scale fast.

Originality/value
Companies often start by focusing on efficiency gains, then move to better use of data for decision making and then lastly to employ technology to transform their offerings and business models. The final stage is where the greatest value from digital maturity is achieved.
Opioid Use and Misuse Three Months After Emergency Department Visit for Acute Pain
Authors: Daoust Raoul , Paquet Jean , Gosselin Sophie , Lavigne Gilles , Cournoyer Alexis , Piette Eric , Morris Judy , Castonguay Véronique , Lessard Justine , Chauny Jean‐Marc 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundStudies evaluating long‐term prescription opioid use are retrospective and based on filled opioid prescriptions from governmental databases. These studies cannot evaluate if opioids were really consumed and are unable to differentiate if they were used for a new pain or chronic pain or were misused. The aim of this study was to assess opioid use rate and reasons for consuming 3 months after being discharged from the emergency department (ED) with an opioid prescription.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study conducted in the ED of a tertiary care urban center with a convenience sample of discharged patients ≥ 18 years who consulted for an acute pain condition (≤2 weeks). Three months post–ED visit, participants were interviewed by phone on their past 2‐week opioid consumption and their reasons for consuming: a) for pain related to the initial ED visit, b) for a new unrelated pain, or c) for another reason.ResultsOf the 524 participants questioned at 3 months (mean ± SD age = 51 ± 16 years, 47% women), 47 patients (9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7%–12%) reported consuming opioids in the previous 2 weeks. Among those, 34 (72%) reported using opioids for their initial pain, nine (19%) for a new unrelated pain and four (9%) for another reason (0.8%, 95% CI = 0.3%–2.0%, of the whole cohort). Patients who used opioids during the 2 weeks after the ED visit were 3.8 (95% CI = 1.2–12.7) times more likely to consume opioids at 3 months.ConclusionOpioid use at the 3‐month follow‐up in ED patients discharged with an opioid prescription for an acute pain condition is not necessarily associated with opioid misuse; 91% of those patients consumed opioids to treat pain. Of the whole cohort, less than 1% reported using opioids for reasons other than pain. The rate of long‐term opioid use reported by prescription‐filling database studies should not be viewed as a proxy for incidence of opioid misuse.
Alterations in lycopene concentration and Z‐isomer content in egg yolk of hens fed all‐E‐isomer‐rich and Z‐isomer‐rich lycopene
Authors: Honda Masaki , Ishikawa Hiroto , Hayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEffects of feeding lycopene isomers to laying hens on egg qualities such as lycopene concentration and color of the yolk were investigated. Firstly, to evaluate the dietary transfer of lycopene to egg yolk, (all‐E)‐lycopene–rich diets (lycopene content, 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg diet) were fed to hens for 21 days. Lycopene in egg yolk could be detected after 4 days or more from the start of feeding, and the lycopene concentration increased according to the feed amount and period. Even though most of the dietary lycopene was the all‐E‐isomer, more than 65% of lycopene in egg yolk was present as Z‐isomers. Thus, the effect of lycopene Z‐isomer content in the diet (lycopene content, 200 mg/kg diet; lycopene Z‐isomer content, 35.1% or 61.3%) on egg qualities was investigated. As the Z‐isomer content increased, the lycopene concentration in the egg yolk increased, for example, when fed a diet rich in Z‐isomers (61.3%), the lycopene concentration in the egg yolk was approximately three times higher than when fed the (all‐E)‐lycopene–rich diet for 21 days. The results indicated that Z‐isomers of lycopene had higher bioavailability and/or higher transfer efficiency to the egg yolk than the all‐E‐isomer.
How the State Shaped the Nonprofit Sector: Public Funding in British Columbia
Authors: Clément Dominique 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines how the state has used its spending power to shape the nonprofit sector in British Columbia since the 1960s. The province's thriving nonprofit sector and its polarized political culture provide an ideal case study for exploring the relationship between the state and nongovernmental organizations. The following study documents changes in state policy, the trajectory of funding, funding patterns, and organizations that have received state funding. Although public funding for nonprofits in Canada has been pervasive for decades, there is little empirical evidence on the nature and scope of this funding. This article is based on an innovative new database that provides a comprehensive list of grants from the provincial government to nonprofit organizations between 1960 and 2014. Despite concerns regarding cuts to public funding in recent years, this study finds that there has been an overall increase in funding. However, there has also been a significant shift in funding from women's issues to Aboriginal peoples since the early 2000s.
Randomized controlled clinical trial on calcium phosphate coated and conventional SLA surface implants: 1‐year study on survival rate and marginal bone level
Authors: Ko Kyung‐A , Kim Seungmin , Choi Seong‐Ho , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCalcium phosphate (CaP)‐coated surface showed enhanced contact osteogenesis around dental implant and finally accelerate osseointegration in early healing phase.PurposeThe aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the peri‐implant marginal bone level around uncoated and CaP‐coated sandblasted, large‐grit, acid‐etched (SLA) surface implants during the first year after placement.Materials and MethodsThis study was performed upon 34 patients with randomized and double‐blinded design. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed immediately after implant placement, at re‐entry after 3 months, and after 12 months to evaluate the initial stability and change in the marginal bone level. The distance from the implant shoulder to the top of the bone‐to‐implant contact was defined as the marginal bone level, and its alteration was measured at 1 year after implant installation.ResultsNone of the implants failed, and most of them showed a marginal bone loss of less than 1 mm. Small changes in the bone level were noted at all sites in the control and test groups, and there were no clinically significant differences in the changes in the marginal bone.ConclusionBoth CaP‐coated and uncoated SLA surface implants showed comparably successful marginal bone stability without any complications during the first year after placement.
Misallocation in Chinese Manufacturing and Services: A Variable Markup Approach
Authors: Ge Jinfeng , Luo Jie , Yuan Yangzhou 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCross‐country comparison reveals an unusually small service sector in China. Using firm‐level data from China's 2008 economic census, we find two facts that speak to a novel mechanism of misallocation within service and between manufacturing and service sectors. First, compared with the manufacturing sector, there are more state‐owned enterprises and fewer entrants in the service sector. Second, markups increase with firm size, and the increase is more dramatic among service firms. We interpret these facts through the lens of a monopolistic competition model with heterogeneous firms and variable markups. A multisector model shows a new channel that translates asymmetric barriers to entry across sectors into sectoral markup differences, which in turn cause sectoral misallocation. Quantitative analysis shows that when reducing entry barriers to service firms to the extent observed for manufacturing firms, the model predicts a 12‐percentage‐point increase in the service employment share.
Interfaith etiquette in an age of Islamophobia
Authors: Green Todd 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIslamophobia represents one of the greatest moral dilemmas of our time. Anti‐Muslim hostility and hatred, driven by racism, has manifested itself in exclusionary, discriminatory, and violent actions toward Muslims and those perceived as Muslims. By most metrics, Islamophobia in the United States is only getting worse. This article draws on Krister Stendahl's rules of interfaith engagement as a means of offering Christians a blueprint for how to reach out and engage with their Muslim neighbors in an age of Islamophobia.
Efficacy and safety of autologous stem cell transplantation after induction therapy with lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone
Authors: Arcani Robin , Venton Geoffroy , Colle Julien , Suchon Pierre , Ivanov Vadim , Mercier Cédric , Farnault Laure , Roche Pauline , Lafage Marina , Brunet Corinne , Azouza Wakil , Pourroy Bertrand , Fanciullino Raphaëlle , Costello Regis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesRecently, phase III trials assessed a new combination of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) in induction therapy in transplantation‐eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients, before consolidation with RVD and lenalidomide maintenance. We present a retrospective study evaluating this approach with patients from the real life.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective single‐arm study to assess efficacy and safety of RVD combination in induction therapy before high‐dose chemotherapy with melphalan followed by autologous stem cell transplantation, and RVD consolidation followed by lenalidomide maintenance, from February 2011 to May 2016.ResultsForty patients were enrolled. The mean age at diagnosis was 56 years. Median progression‐free survival was 45 months, and median overall survival was 76 months. The only factor found associated with better PFS was a negative minimal residual disease (P < .01). Twenty‐six (65%) patients experimented adverse events: 8 patients (20%) underwent 12 serious AE (≥grade 3). Treatment discontinuation occurred in 2 patients (5%) because of severe AE.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this work provides the first evidence of the efficacy and the safety of RVD combination in patients treated in common practice.
Screening Family and Psychosocial Risk in Pediatric Migraine and Tension‐Type Headache: Validation of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT)
Authors: Law Emily F. , Powers Scott W. , Blume Heidi , Palermo Tonya M. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo present data on psychometric properties of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool 2.0_General (PAT), a brief screener for psychosocial risk in families of youth with medical conditions, in youth with headache.BackgroundEmotional and behavioral disturbances, parent distress, and poor family functioning are common among youth with recurrent migraine and tension‐type headache; however, tools to comprehensively screen family and psychosocial risk in youth with headache are not currently available. The PAT could address an important gap by facilitating identification of psychosocial treatment needs among youth with headache.Design and MethodsYouth with recurrent migraine (with and without aura; chronic migraine) or tension‐type headache (episodic and chronic) completed the PAT and validated measures of adolescent emotional and behavioral functioning, parent emotional functioning, and family functioning at baseline (n = 239; 157 from neurology clinic, 82 from the community) and 6‐month follow‐up (n = 221; 146 from neurology clinic, 75 from the community).ResultsInternal consistency for the PAT Total score was strong (α = .88). At baseline, the PAT Total score was significantly associated in the expected direction with established measures of child emotional and behavioral functioning (r = .62), parent anxiety and depressive symptoms (r = .49; r = .53, respectively), and family functioning (r = .21). Predictive validity was demonstrated by a significant association between PAT Total scores at baseline with child emotional and behavioral functioning (r = .64), parent anxiety (r = .37), parent depression (r = .42), and family functioning (r = .26) at 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsThe PAT is a promising tool for screening psychosocial risk that could facilitate identification of psychosocial treatment needs among youth with recurrent headache at risk for poor outcomes.
Mountain building, climate cooling and the richness of cold‐adapted plants in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Hagen Oskar , Vaterlaus Lisa , Albouy Camille , Brown Andrew , Leugger Flurin , Onstein Renske E. , de Santana Charles Novaes , Scotese Christopher R. , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe summits of mountain ranges at mid‐latitude in the Northern Hemisphere share many ecological properties with the Arctic, including comparable climates and similar flora. We hypothesize that the orogeny during the Oligocene‐Miocene combined with global cooling led to the origin and early diversification of cold‐adapted plant lineages in these regions. Before the establishment of the Arctic cryosphere, adaptation and speciation in high elevation areas of these mountain ranges may have led to higher species richness compared to the Arctic. Subsequent colonization from mid‐latitude mountain ranges to the Arctic may explain similar but poorer flora.LocationArctic‐Alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere.MethodsWe mapped the cold climate in the Northern Hemisphere for most of the Cenozoic (60 Ma until present) based on paleoclimate proxies coupled with paleoelevations. We generated species distribution maps from occurrences and regional atlases for 5,464 plant species from 756 genera occupying cold climates. We fitted a generalized linear model to evaluate the association between cold‐adapted plant species richness and environmental, as well as geographic variables. Finally, we performed a meta‐analysis of studies which inferred and dated the ancestral geographic origin of cold‐adapted lineages using phylogenies.ResultsWe found that the subalpine‐alpine areas of the mid‐latitude mountain ranges comprise higher cold‐adapted plant species richness than the Palearctic and Nearctic polar regions. The topo‐climatic reconstructions indicate that the cold climatic niche appeared in mid‐latitude mountain ranges (42–38 Ma), specifically in the Himalayan region, and only later in the Arctic (22–18 Ma). The meta‐analysis of the dating of the origin of cold‐adapted lineages indicates that most clades originated in central Asia between 39–7 Ma.Main conclusionsOur results support the hypothesis that the orogeny and progressive cooling in the Oligocene‐Miocene generated cold climates in mid‐latitude mountain ranges before the appearance of cold climates in most of the Arctic. Early cold mountainous regions likely allowed for the evolution and diversification of cold‐adapted plant lineages followed by the subsequent colonization of the Arctic. Our results follow Humboldt's vision of integrating biological and geological context in order to better understand the processes underlying the origin of arctic‐alpine plant assemblages.
Divergence of tropical pitvipers promoted by independent colonization events of dry montane Andean habitats
Authors: Salazar‐Valenzuela David , Kuch Ulrich , Torres‐Carvajal Omar , Valencia Jorge H. , Gibbs H. Lisle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimA poorly explored feature of the origin and maintenance of Neotropical biodiversity is how the evolutionary dynamics of colonization and differentiation in relation to lowland and highland habitats has impacted lineage formation. Most speciation models for this region have focused on vicariant events, whereas the need to assess the influence of demographic processes has been recognized only recently. We evaluate if the origin of Andean montane lineages of terciopelo pitvipers is explained by either of two historical processes that represent distinct phylogeographic mechanisms: differentiation by isolation within the highlands or different dispersal events from the lowlands.LocationWestern Ecuador.TaxonTerciopelo pitvipers (Bothrops asper species complex).MethodsWe use genomic data and genetic clustering analyses, evaluation of historical migration between genetic clusters and demographic model selection to investigate recent diversification events in South America using a vertebrate group rarely explored in phylogeographic studies: tropical Andean snakes. Specifically, the origin of two Ecuadorian montane lineages of terciopelo pitvipers was evaluated given ambiguous phylogenetic relationships with the presumably ancestral Pacific lowland lineage.ResultsDiscrepancies of evolutionary relationships previously obtained with tree‐like methods are resolved through the use of modelling approaches. We found strong support for the independent origin of montane lineages based on topologies inferred by maximum‐likelihood trees and modelling approaches that take into account possible gene flow. This suggests dispersal rather than in‐situ differentiation as the most likely mechanism by which the montane linages originated.Main conclusionsRecent large‐scale studies have found support for identifying dispersal events as important drivers of diversification in the Neotropical region. We contribute to these ideas by identifying a fine‐scale case in a rarely studied group of animals ‐Andean snakes‐ in which river valleys acted as an entrance for the upward colonization of montane dry habitats and subsequent ecological diversification.
Periodicity of the growth‐band formation in vertebrae of juvenile scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini from the Mexican Pacific Ocean
Authors: Coiraton Claire , Tovar‐Ávila Javier , Garcés‐García Karla C. , Rodríguez‐Madrigal José A. , Gallegos‐Camacho Rodney , Chávez‐Arrenquín Dario A. , Amezcua Felipe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe age of 296 juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks Sphyrna lewini caught by several fisheries in the Mexican Pacific Ocean from March 2007 to September 2017 were estimated from growth band counts in thin‐sectioned vertebrae. Marginal‐increment analysis (MIA) and centrum‐edge analysis (CEA) were used to verify the periodicity of formation of the growth bands, whereas elemental profiles obtained from LA‐ICP‐MS transect scans in vertebrae of 15 juveniles were used as an alternative approach to verify the age of the species for the first time. Age estimates ranged from 0 to 10+ years (42–158.7 cm total length; LT). The index of average percentage error (IAPE 3.6%), CV (5.2%), bias plots and Bowker's tests of symmetry showed precise and low‐biased age estimation. Both MIA and CEA indicated that in the vertebrae of juveniles of S. lewini a single translucent growth band was formed during winter (November–March) and an opaque band during summer (July–September), a period of faster growth, apparently correlated with a higher sea surface temperature. Peaks in vertebral P and Mn content spatially corresponded with the annual banding pattern in most of the samples, displaying 1.19 and 0.88 peaks per opaque band, respectively, which closely matched the annual deposition rate observed in this study. Although the periodicity of growth band formation needs to be verified for all sizes and ages representing the population of the species in the region, this demonstration of the annual formation of the growth bands in the vertebrae of juveniles should lead to a re‐estimation of the growth parameters and productivity of the population to ensure that it is harvested at sustainable levels.