bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superhydrophobic 3D Forest‐Like Ag Microball/Nanodendrite Hierarchical Structure as SERS Sensor for Rapid Droplets Detection
Authors: Gao Yukun , You Tingting , Yang Nan , Zhang Chenmeng , Yin Penggang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReal environment detection application by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) requires substrates with high sensitivity, rapid detection, and low cost. In this study, a rapid SERS detection of liquid droplets sample by a superhydrophobic 3D forest‐like Ag microball/nanodendrite hierarchical structure is reported. Easy preparation is provided by electrochemical deposition method, developing a Ag forest‐like hierarchical nanostructure. The vertically standing nanodendrites offer more amounts of SERS “hot spots” for enhancing the Raman signals. At the same time, the micro/nanostructures supply suitable condition for superhydrophobicity by low surface energy modification. Probe molecule droplets are directly detected by SERS on the substrate. Detection limit of crystal violet, methyl blue, and rhodamine 6G can be down to 10−8, 10−9, and 10−9 m, with good sensitivity and reproducibility. Practical application is processed for proving the utility of the substrate in real environment by quantitatively detection of melamine in milk. 0.1 ppm melamine in aqueous solution and 0.5 ppm melamine in milk can be detected by droplet detection method, which are far lower than the standard of US Food and Drug Administration. In brief, the droplet detection method offers an extensive and promising application in real life rapid trace detection.
The CRIPSR/Cas gene‐editing system—an immature but useful toolkit for experimental and clinical medicine
Authors: Yang Yuyan , Huang Yue 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA Chinese scientist, Jiankui He, and his creation of the world's first genetically altered baby made headlines recently. As a newly developed gene‐editing technique, the CRISPR/Cas system should not be applied to human beings for reproductive purposes until it has been extensively tested. However, numerous experimental research studies in human somatic, germline cells, and even in embryos, have been conducted, which have shown CRISPR/Cas to be a useful tool for human genome editing and a potential therapeutic method for future clinical use.
Targeting der kleinen GTPasen über ihre regulatorischen Proteine
Authors: Gray Janine L. , von Delft Frank , Brennan Paul E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDie kleinen GTPasen der Ras‐Superfamilie sind Guaninnukleotid‐abhängige Schalter, die für eine Vielzahl zellulärer Prozesse essentiell sind. Mutationen oder Dysregulationen dieser Proteine stehen in Verbindung mit zahlreichen Erkrankungen. Erfolglose Versuche, die kleinen GTPasen direkt als Zielstruktur anzugreifen, führten zu ihrer Klassifizierung als pharmakologisch nicht adressierbar (“undruggable”). Der GTP‐abhängige Signalweg dieser Proteine wird durch ihre Regulatoren kontrolliert, sogenannte “guanine nucleotide exchange factors” (GEFs), “GTPase activating proteins” (GAPs) und in der Rho‐ und Rab‐Subfamilie “guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors” (GDIs). Dieser Aufsatz beinhaltet die neusten niedermolekularen und biologischen Strategien, um die kleinen GTPasen durch ihre Regulatoren als Zielstruktur anzugreifen. Wir geben eine kritische Re‐Evaluierung der jüngsten chemisch biologischen Vorgehensweisen, wie dem Vorhandensein von PAINs‐Motiven und zellbasierter Auslese mit Verbindungen, die schwach potent sind oder eine unbekannte Spezifität haben, uns diskutieren das breite Feld potentieller Ansätze, um die kleinen GTPasen zukünftig durch ihre regulatorischen Proteine anzugreifen.
Targeting the Small GTPase Superfamily through Their Regulatory Proteins
Authors: Gray Janine L. , von Delft Frank , Brennan Paul E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Ras superfamily of small GTPases are guanine‐nucleotide‐dependent switches essential for numerous cellular processes. Mutations or dysregulation of these proteins are associated with many diseases, but unsuccessful attempts to target the small GTPases directly have resulted in them being classed as “undruggable”. The GTP‐dependent signaling of these proteins is controlled by their regulators; guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), and in the Rho and Rab subfamilies, guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). This review covers the recent small molecule and biologics strategies to target the small GTPases through their regulators. It seeks to critically re‐evaluate recent chemical biology practice, such as the presence of PAINs motifs and the cell‐based readout using compounds that are weakly potent or of unknown specificity. It highlights the vast scope of potential approaches for targeting the small GTPases in the future through their regulatory proteins.
ESO Supernova, Besucherzentrum und Planetarium
Authors: Orlinski Adam , Heimrath Moritz , Hofbeck Alexander , Fahlbusch Mark 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDie Europäische Südsternwarte (ESO) hat von der Klaus Tschira Stiftung ein neues Planetarium und Besucherzentrum für ihren Hauptsitz in Garching bei München erhalten. Das neue Zentrum möchte die Öffentlichkeit für die Astronomie faszinieren. Angelehnt an ein Doppelsternsystem, bei dem ein Stern Masse auf den anderen überträgt, was schließlich zur Explosion des schweren Sterns als Supernova führt, entstand der Entwurf aus zwei kreisenden Körpern, die gemeinsam zu einem Gebäude mit anspruchsvoller Geometrie verschmelzen. Die ESO Supernova umfasst vier Geschosse, davon ein Untergeschoss. Die tragenden Bauteile sind in Stahlbeton ausgeführt. Das Gebäude besteht aus zwei Kernen, welche sich aus je einer Innen‐ und Außenschale, die durch ein Rampensystem miteinander verbunden sind, zusammensetzen. Zwischen den beiden Kernen spannen die brückenartigen Geschossdecken.Aufgrund der hohen geometrischen Komplexität des Projekts brachte der Entwurf für das neue ESO Besucherzentrum eine Vielzahl an Herausforderungen an Planung und Realisierung mit sich. Die dynamischen Formen des schräg geneigten und gekrümmten Rohbaus bedurften eines dynamischen, flexiblen Werkzeugs und eines adaptiven Planungsprozesses, der weit über eine kartesische Beschreibung eines Systems hinausging. So wurde der komplette Rohbau innerhalb des Planungsprozesses anhand eines 3D‐Modells entwickelt und kommuniziert. Auch die Information zur Schalplanung war vollständig im 3D‐Modell enthalten. Zur Übertragung der Information in das Berechnungsprogramm der Statik wurde eine Systematik entwickelt, um diese Information aus dem 3D‐Rohbaumodell in 2D‐Schalplan‐Zeichnungen automatisiert zu übersetzen.
Mechanistic Insights into the Formation of Lithium Fluoride Nanotubes
Authors: Fantuzzi Felipe , Oliveira Ricardo R. , Henkes Aline V. , Rubayo‐Soneira Jesús , Nascimento Marco Antonio Chaer 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBorn–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) and periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been applied for describing the mechanism of formation of lithium fluoride (LiF) nanotubes with cubic, hexagonal, octagonal, decagonal, dodecagonal, and tetradecagonal cross‐sections. It has been shown that high energy structures, such as nanowires, nanorings, nanosheets, and nanopolyhedra are transient species for the formation of stable nanotubes. Unprecedented (LiF)n clusters (n≤12) were also identified, some of them lying less than 10 kcal mol−[1] above their respective global minima. Such findings indicate that stochastic synthetic techniques, such as laser ablation and chemical vapor deposition, should be combined with a template‐driven procedure in order to generate the nanotubes with adequate efficiency. Apart from the stepwise growth of LiF units, the formation of nanotubes was also studied by rolling up a planar square sheet monolayer, which could be hypothetically produced from the exfoliation of the FCC crystal structure. It was shown that both pathways could lead to the formation of alkali halide nanotubes, a still unprecedented set of one‐dimensional materials.
Directly Functionalized Cucurbit[7]uril as a Biosensor for the Selective Detection of Protein Interactions by 129Xe hyperCEST NMR
Authors: Truxal Ashley E. , Cao Liping , Isaacs Lyle , Wemmer David E. , Pines Alexander 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAdvancement of hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI technology toward clinical settings demonstrates the considerable interest in this modality for diagnostic imaging. The number of contrast agents, termed biosensors, for 129Xe MRI that respond to specific biological targets, has grown and diversified. Directly functionalized xenon‐carrying macrocycles, such as the large family of cryptophane‐based biosensors, are good for localization‐based imaging and provide contrast before and after binding events occur. Noncovalently functionalized constructs, such as cucurbituril‐ and cyclodextrin‐based biosensors, benefit from commercial availability and optimal exchange dynamics for CEST imaging. In this work, we report the first directly functionalized cucurbituril used as a xenon biosensor. Biotinylated cucurbit[7]uril (btCB7) gives rise to a 129Xe hyperCEST response at the unusual shift of δ=28 ppm when bound to its protein target with substantial CEST contrast. We posit that the observed chemical shift is due to the deformation of btCB7 upon binding to avidin, caused by proximity to the protein surface. Conformational searches and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations support this hypothesis. This construct combines the strengths of both families of biosensors, enables a multitude of biological targets through avidin conjugation, and demonstrates the advantages of functionalized cucurbituril‐based biosensors.
Crime Scene chemistry – visualizing and evaluating latent fingerprints
Authors: Fischer Rachel , Jonas Albert , Rubner Isabel , Oetken Marco 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWarum hinterlassen wir Fingerabdrücke? Wie lassen sich Verfahren zur Visualisierung latenter Fingerabdrücke in der Schule einsetzen? Auf welche Weise kann ein Fingerabdruckvergleich realisiert werden? Dieser Artikel gibt Antworten auf diese und weitere spannende Fragen rund um das Thema Fingerabdrücke. Nach einem allgemeinen Einblick in die Thematik werden zwei für den schulpraktischen Einsatz geeignete Verfahren zur Visualisierung latenter Fingerabdrücke vorgestellt. Neben der bereits bekannten und von den Autoren modifizierten Sekundenklebermethode wird zudem ein neuartiges und aktuell fachwissenschaftlich beforschtes Verfahren – die elektrochemische Methode – thematisiert. Anhand der vorgestellten Versuche lassen sich klassische Themen des Chemieunterrichts wie z. B. Polymerisationsreaktionen, Zementation und Elektrolyse in einem motivierenden forensischen Kontext erschließen. Zum Schluss wird eine kostenfreie Software vorgestellt, die einfach und schnell einen Fingerabdruckvergleich im Unterricht ermöglicht.
Samoan migrants’ perspectives on diabetes: A qualitative study
Authors: Shahab Yasin , Alofivae‐Doorbinnia Olataga , Reath Jennifer , MacMillan Freya , Simmons David , McBride Kate , Abbott Penelope 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIssue addressedThe Samoan community in Australia has one of the highest rates of diabetes in Australia. We explored the experiences and perceptions of Samoan patients living with diabetes and their family members.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with adults from a Samoan background living in Australia who had diabetes and their family members. Participants were recruited from a single general practice with a high proportion of Pacific Islander patients, through self‐response to waiting room flyers. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted using a constructivist‐grounded theory approach. This qualitative project was part of the developmental phase of a larger project aiming to promote healthy lifestyles and decrease diabetes in the Samoan community in Sydney, Australia.ResultsTwenty participants, aged 36–67 years, were interviewed. The majority was men (n = 13) and all were migrants to Australia. Participants reported a range of barriers to early detection and self‐management of diabetes, including dietary practices common within their culture and the role of church and religion. They identified that pride in their heritage and role within families could be a barrier to care but also provided an opportunity for health promotion.ConclusionsThe cultural factors which influence the risk and management of diabetes in the Samoan community in Australia can be the barriers to health change but also provide opportunities for culturally targeted diabetes education and health promotion.So what?These findings will inform the development of approaches for the prevention and management of diabetes within the Samoan‐Australian community. These include health‐promotion initiatives which take into account the role of cultural dietary practices, diabetes stigma, cultural pride and working with churches.
From on high: Geochemistry of alpine springs, Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, USA
Authors: Fields Jordan F. , Dethier David P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSnowmelt‐fed springs and small (0.5 km2) upland catchments in alpine areas of the western United States contribute significantly to the quantity and inorganic chemistry of water delivered to downstream basins but have not been studied extensively. Mineral weathering, transit time, and hydrologic mixing control the solute chemistry of waters that drain the upland zone of Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, and adjacent areas in the granitic core of the Southern Rocky Mountains. Water in 37 springs sampled in this study flows in generally short steep paths (~0.3 km) through shallow regolith with mean transit times (MTT) of weeks to months, producing solutions dominated by Si, Ca2+, Na+, and HCO3−, locally SO42−. Rock type is a significant control on spring, surface, and shallow groundwater chemistry, and plagioclase (oligoclase) is the major source of dissolved Na+and Si. Concentrations of Ca2+exceed stoichiometric predictions of oligoclase weathering by ~3.5×; excess Ca2+likely represents weathering of aeolian material, vein calcite, or trace minerals. Concentrations of base cations and Si increase slowly with estimated MTT of 0.2 years for Niwot Ridge spring waters, and several years for shallow groundwater sampled by wells. Chemical weathering of silicate minerals is slow with estimated rates of ~2.0 and 0.2 pmol·m−2·s−1for oligoclase and microcline, respectively; the most mineralized spring waters are saturated only with respect to kaolinite and montmorillonite. More than 50% of the dissolved base cations + Si measured in Boulder Creek at Orodell (~25 km downstream) accumulate before water emerges from alpine springs on Niwot Ridge. Warming global temperatures are shifting more high‐elevation precipitation to rain, potentially changing run‐off patterns, transit time, and solute loads. Acquisition of solutes by alpine waters thus has implications far beyond small upland catchments.
Cover Image, Volume 94, Issue 4
Authors: Santos Marisa V , Faria Nuno T , Fonseca César , Ferreira Frederico Castelo 
Published: March 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Production of mannosylerythritol lipids from lignocellulose hydrolysates: tolerance thresholds of Moesziomyces antarcticus to inhibitors by Marisa V. Santos et al., DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5853. Image Credit: Marisa V. Santos. Thanks to FCT grant CRUISE (PTDC/AAG‐TEC/0696/2014).
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Double emulsions for iron encapsulation: is a high concentration of lipophilic emulsifier ideal for physical and chemical stability?
Authors: Duque‐Estrada Patrícia , School Eefje , van der Goot Atze Jan , Berton‐Carabin Claire C 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWorldwide iron deficiency in diets has led to a growing interest in the development of food‐compatible encapsulation systems for soluble iron, which are able to prevent iron's undesirable off‐taste and pro‐oxidant activity. Here, we explore the use of double emulsions for this purpose, and in particular, how the lipophilic emulsifier (polyglycerol polyricinoleate, PGPR) concentration influences the physicochemical stability of water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions containing ferrous sulphate in the inner water droplets. Double emulsions were prepared with sunflower oil containing 10 to 70 g kg−1 PGPR in the oil phase, and were monitored for droplet size distribution, morphology, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and oxidative stability over time.RESULTSFresh double emulsions showed an initial EE higher than 88%, but EE decreased upon storage, which occurred particularly fast and to a high extent in the emulsions prepared with low PGPR concentrations. All double emulsions underwent lipid oxidation, in particular those with the highest PGPR concentration, which could be due to the small inner droplet size and thus promoted contact between oil and the internal water phase.CONCLUSIONThese results show that a too high PGPR concentration is not needed, and sometimes even adverse, when developing double emulsions as iron encapsulation systems. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrasound guidance for sural nerve conduction studies
Authors: Cartwright Michael S. , White David L. , Hollinger Jared S. , Krzesniak‐Swinarska Monika , Caress James B. , Walker Francis O. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Ultrasound can potentially identify nerves and guide recording and stimulating electrode placement for nerve conduction studies (NCS). This prospective study was performed to determine whether ultrasound guidance of sural NCS results in higher action potential amplitude, fewer stimuli required, lower stimulus strength required, and less pain experienced. Methods: Fourteen healthy individuals underwent bilateral sural NCS, both with and without ultrasound guidance. Studies were separated by at least 48 h, and the order of testing was randomly assigned. Results: Ultrasound guidance resulted in significantly fewer stimuli and lower stimuli strength required to obtain supramaximal responses (P < 0.01–0.03). Ultrasound guidance required significantly more time to perform than standard sural NCS (P < 0.01). There was no difference in sural nerve amplitude or pain rating between the 2 groups. Discussion: Neuromuscular ultrasound can be used effectively to guide electrode placement during sural NCS. Muscle Nerve 59:705–707, 2019
Using a checklist to increase the effectiveness of behavioral therapy for overactive bladder: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kilinc Muhammet F. , Doluoglu Omer G. , Yildiz Yildiray , Yuceturk Cem N. , Hascicek Ahmet M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the benefits of a newly established checklist form of behavioral therapy for overactive bladder (OAB).MethodsOf a total of 180 patients suffering eight or more micturitions, two or more nocturia, seven or more urgency, or four more urinary urgency incontinence (UUI) episodes per day according to a 3‐day bladder diary, 155 were randomly divided into four groups. Group I (n = 29) patients were instructed to apply only behavioral therapy as a written guideline and group II (n = 27) patients were instructed to apply behavioral therapy with a written checklist. Group III (n = 26) patients received medical treatment plus behavioral therapy without a checklist. Group IV (n = 28) patients received medical treatment with a written checklist over a 6‐month period.ResultsA total of 110 participants completed the study period. The demographic data and baseline voiding parameters such as frequency, urgency, nocturia, and UUI of the participants in all four groups were similar (P > 0.05 for all). At the end of the study period, the highest rates of treatment response (64.3%) and adherence (85.7%) were determined for the patients with antimuscarinic drugs plus checklist. The persistence rate of patients using antimuscarinics with the checklist was higher than that of those using antimuscarinics plus a written guideline of behavioral therapy (75.4% vs 60.2%).ConclusionThe effectiveness of behavioral therapy for OAB can be improved with this newly designed checklist. In addition, the adherence and persistence rate of medical treatment may also improve with the checklist used.
Ammonothermal Synthesis, X‐Ray and Time‐of‐Flight Neutron Crystal‐Structure Determination, and Vibrational Properties of Barium Guanidinate, Ba(CN3H4)2
Authors: Benz Sebastian , Missong Ronja , Ogutu George , Stoffel Ralf P. , Englert Ulli , Torii Shuki , Miao Ping , Kamiyama Takashi , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe report the crystal structure of Ba(CN3H4)2 as synthesized from liquid ammonia. Structure solution based on X‐ray diffraction data suffers from a severe pseudo‐tetragonal problem due to extreme scattering contrast, so the true monoclinic symmetry is detectable only from neutron powder diffraction patterns, and structure solution and refinement was greatly aided by density‐functional theory. The symmetry lowering is due to slight deviations of the guanidinate anion from the mirror plane in space group P
b2, a necessity of hydrogen bonding. At 300 K, barium guanidinate crystallizes in P21/c with a=6.26439(2) Å, b=16.58527(5) Å, c=6.25960(2) Å, and a monoclinic angle of β=90.000(1)°. To improve the data‐to‐parameter ratio, anisotropic displacement parameters from first‐principles theory were incorporated in the neutron refinement. Given the correct structural model, the positional parameters of the heavy atoms were also refinable from X‐ray diffraction of a twinned crystal. The two independent guanidinate anions adopt the all‐trans‐ and the anti‐shape. The Ba cation is coordinated by eight imino nitrogens in a square antiprism with Ba−N contacts between 2.81 and 3.04 Å. The IR and Raman spectra of barium guanidinate were compared with DFT‐calculated phonon spectra to identify the vibrational modes.
Synthesis and photophysics of a series of lipophilic phosphazene‐based fluorescent indicators
Authors: Selberg Sigrid , Pagano Todd , Tshepelevitsh Sofja , Haljasorg Tõiv , Vahur Signe , Luik Juhan , Saame Jaan , Leito Ivo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis work explores the 7‐amino‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)coumarin backbone for designing lipophilic fluorescent pH indicators. Four novel fluorescent phosphazene bases with an advantageous combination of properties—high lipophilicity of both neutral and charged forms, lack of localized charges in the cations, and prominent spectral changes upon protonation/deprotonation—were synthesized using the Staudinger reaction. The molecular structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier‐transform ion‐cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The compounds were further characterized by ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) absorption and fluorescence emission spectra, lipophilicities (logP values) and pKa values in water and acetonitrile, as well as “biphasic” pKa values in the water/1‐octanol solvent system. The bases could potentially be useful as working agents in optical pH sensors and acid‐base indicators for lipophilic membranes.