bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Becoming a Maya Woman: Beauty Pageants at the Intersection of Indigeneity, Gender and Class in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
Authors: Rasch Elisabet Dueholm 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIndigenous beauty pageants can be seen as a way of re-appropriating indigenous identity. This article approaches beauty pageants as being situated in multiple systems of power at four levels of contestation: (1) reproducing gender relations and creating new professional and political opportunities; (2) constituting a site for cultural and political agency and delimiting the ways to ‘be a Maya woman’; (3) reproducing class relations in terms of access to the event and contributing to social awareness of beauty queens; (4) as a social event consolidating (gender) relations within the family. The findings are based on longitudinal (2002–14) ethnographic fieldwork in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala.
Investigating the status of Cinnamomum chago (Lauraceae), a plant species with an extremely small population endemic to Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhang Xue , Zhou Xiong-Li , Liu Yuan-Huan , Mo Jin-Qiu , Zhang Li-Qin , Wang Yue-Hua , Shen Shi-Kang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCinnamomum chago is a woody species of the family Lauraceae endemic to Yunnan province, China, previously known from only one location, and categorized as a Plant Species with Extremely Small Population. We surveyed to determine the distribution and population size of C. chago, characterize its habitat, identify any threats, assess its conservation status, and provide guidelines for its management and conservation. During 2014–2017 we found only 64 mature C. chago, in five locations. These small, fragmented populations occur along Lancang River in Dali Prefecture at altitudes of 2,200–2,400 m. The species' extent of occurrence is c. 923 km2, with an area of occupancy of c. 60 km2. The habitat of the species has been degraded by expansion of pastoral activities and deforestation. We recommend categorization of C. chago as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, prevention of the collection of seeds and wood of the species, protection and monitoring, and ex situ propagation for future reintroductions.
Linguistic alignment and theory of mind impairments in schizophrenia patients' dialogic interactions
Authors: Dwyer Karen , David Anthony S. , McCarthy Rosaleen , McKenna Peter , Peters Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundImpairments of contextual processing and theory of mind (ToM) have both been offered as accounts of the deviant language characterising formal thought disorder (FTD) in schizophrenia. This study investigated these processes in patients' dialogue. We predicted that FTD patients would show a decrement in linguistic alignment, associated with impaired ToM in dialogue.MethodsSpeech samples were elicited via participation in an interactive computer-based task and a semi-structured interview to assess contextual processing abilities and ToM skills in dialogue, respectively, and from an interactive card-sorting task to measure syntactic alignment. Degree of alignment in dialogue and the syntactic task, and evidence of ToM in (i) dialogue and (ii) a traditional ToM task were compared across schizophrenia patients with FTD (n = 21), non-FTD patients (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 21).ResultsFTD patients showed less alignment than the other two groups in dialogue, and than healthy controls on the syntactic task. FTD patients showed poorer performance on the ToM task than the other two groups, but only compared to the healthy controls in dialogue. The FTD group's degree of alignment in dialogue was correlated with ToM performance in dialogue but not with the traditional ToM task or with syntactic alignment.ConclusionsIn dialogue, FTD patients demonstrate an impairment in employing available contextual information to facilitate their own subsequent production, which is associated with a ToM deficit. These findings indicate that a contextual processing deficit impacts on exploiting representations via the production system impoverishing the ability to make predictions about upcoming utterances in dialogue.
Religious gestures and secular strengths: Emerson, Nagel, and Kateb on the religious temperament
Authors: HOSSEINI REZA 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhat would happen to the reception of Emerson if one does not share his religious sentiments? I argue that appreciating Emerson does not depend upon sharing a similar attitude towards religion not only because we can discern a secular sense of wonder in his writings, as George Kateb claims, but also because his literary excellence shows us ways of wonder in the first place. Further, I show that though there is a brief exchange of similar ideas between Emerson and Thomas Nagel in the latter's engagement of ‘the religious temperament’, their responses to what they call the tremendousness of existence is fundamentally different.
What is lost through no net loss
Authors: O’Neill John 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNo net loss approaches to environmental policy claim that policy should maintain aggregate levels of natural capital. Substitutability between natural assets allows losses in some assets to be compensated for by gains in others while maintaining overall levels of natural capital. This paper argues that significant goods that matter to people’s well-being will be lost through a policy of no net loss. The concepts of natural capital and ecosystem services that underpin the no net loss approach to environmental policy cannot capture important dimensions of value that are central to human well-being.
The other side of the Article 21(3) coin: Human rights in the Rome Statute and the limits of Article 21(3)
Authors: Irving Emma 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe drafters of the Rome Statute sought to accord human rights a central place within the legal framework of the International Criminal Court (ICC). This was done not only through numerous provisions on the rights of the accused, victims, and witnesses, but also through the inclusion of the overarching Article 21(3) of the Rome Statute. Article 21(3) Rome Statute requires that the interpretation and application of all ICC law be consistent with internationally recognized human rights. While this provision has been employed on numerous occasions to bolster human rights protection in the ICC legal framework, it is not without its limits. In a series of decisions over the past few years, ICC judges have placed limits on the protections that can be read into the ICC legal framework on the basis of Article 21(3). Beyond stating that the ICC ‘is not a human rights court’, the decisions in question articulate no clear justification for the limitations imposed on Article 21(3). The present article analyses these decisions and identifies the underlying rationale for the Court’s approach: the principle of speciality. However, the picture is further complicated by the judges’ willingness to overlook the principle of speciality when particularly serious violations of human rights are involved. This leaves the precise contours of human rights protection in the ICC legal framework undefined.
Clues to echocardiographic diagnosis of isolation of right subclavian artery in a patient with DiGeorge syndrome and its transcatheter management with its associated anomalies
Authors: Mohakud Asish R. , Pavithran Sreeja , Sivakumar Kothandam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIsolated subclavian artery is a rare anomaly. A second steal due to a patent arterial duct further reduces arm perfusion. Surgical anastomosis of the isolated vessel to aorta normalises arm perfusion. Simple echocardiographic clues aid in the diagnosis. An associated moderate sized ventricular septal defect was non-surgically closed along with catheter closure of the duct resulting in improved arm perfusion.
Real-world continuous physiologic monitoring in paediatric cardiomyopathy patients: a safety and feasibility study
Authors: Lebo Catherine A. , Lin Kimberly Y. , Rossano Joseph W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChronic disease management may be improved with the integration of mobile technologies capable of real-world physiologic monitoring. We performed a prospective, single-centre, pilot study to assess the feasibility of a consumer-based activity monitor use in outpatient management of adolescent cardiomyopathy patients. During the 3-month study period, the activity monitor was worn consistently and provided detailed physiologic and activity data with no adverse events related to the device use. Survey data revealed that the majority of subjects approve of these technologies becoming integrated into routine clinical care. Ongoing study is in need to define optimal disease management for this complex patient population in the age of consumer-driven healthcare.
Learning strategies among adult CHD fellows
Authors: Bokma Jouke P. , Daily Joshua A. , Kovacs Adrienne H. , Oechslin Erwin N. , Baumgartner Helmut , Khairy Paul , Mulder Barbara J.M. , Veldtman Gruschen R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:Subspecialisation is increasingly a fundamental part of the contemporary practice of medicine. However, little is known about how medical trainees learn in the modern era, and particularly in growing and relatively new subspecialties, such as adult CHD. The purpose of this study was to assess institutional-led and self-directed learning strategies of adult CHD fellows.Methods:This international, cross-sectional online survey was conducted by the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease and consisted primarily of categorical questions and Likert rating scales. All current or recent (i.e., those within 2 years of training) fellows who reported training in adult CHD (within adult/paediatric cardiology training or within subspecialty fellowships) were eligible.Results:A total of 75 fellows participated in the survey: mean age: 34 ± 5; 35 (47%) female. Most adult CHD subspecialty fellows considered case-based teaching (58%) as “very helpful”, while topic-based teaching was considered “helpful” (67%); p = 0.003 (favouring case-based). When facing a non-urgent clinical dilemma, fellows reported that they were more likely to search for information online (58%) than consult a faculty member (29%) or textbook (3%). Many (69%) fellows use their smartphones at least once daily to search for information during regular clinical work.Conclusions:Fellows receiving adult CHD training reported a preference for case-based learning and frequent use of online material and smartphones. These findings may be incorporated into the design and enhancement of fellowships and development of online training resources.
Learning keyphrases from corpora and knowledge models
Authors: Silveira R. , Furtado V. , Pinheiro V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExtraction keyphrase systems traditionally use classification algorithms and do not consider the fact that part of the keyphrases may not be found in the text, reducing the accuracy of such algorithms a priori. In this work, we propose to improve the accuracy of these systems with inferential mechanisms that use a knowledge representation model, including symbolic models of knowledge bases and distributional semantics, to expand the set of keyphrase candidates to be submitted to the classification algorithm with terms that are not in the text (not-in-text terms). The basic assumption we have is that not-in-text terms have a semantic relationship with terms that are in the text. To represent this relationship, we have defined two new features to be represented as input to the classification algorithms. The first feature refers to the power of discrimination of the inferred not-in-text terms. The intuition behind this is that good candidates for a keyphrase are those that are deduced from various textual terms in a specific document and that are not often deduced in other documents. The other feature represents the descriptive strength of a not-in-text candidate. We argue that not-in-text keyphrases must have a strong semantic relationship with the text and that the power of this semantic relationship can be measured in a similar way as popular metrics like TFxIDF. The method proposed in this work was compared with state-of-the-art systems using five corpora and the results show that it has significantly improved automatic keyphrase extraction, dealing with the limitation of extracting keyphrases absent from the text.
Evaluation of set-up errors and determination of set-up margin in pelvic radiotherapy by electronic portal imaging device (EPID)
Authors: Noghreiyan Vajiheh Vejdani , Nasseri Shahrookh , Anvari Kazem , Naji Maryam , Momennezhad Mehdi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction and purpose:The error in set-up of patients is an inherent part of treatment processes. The positioning errors can be used to determine the margins of the planning target volume (PTV) to cover the target volume, while minimising the radiation dose delivered to normal tissues. This study aimed to evaluate random and systematic errors occurring in inter-fraction set-ups of pelvic radiotherapy measured by electronic portal imaging device (EPID) and then to propose the optimum clinical target volume (CTV) to PTV margin in pelvic cancer patients.Materials and methods:This study examined 22 patients treated with pelvic radiotherapy. A total of 182 portal images were evaluated. Population random (σ) and systematic (Σ) errors were determined based on the portal images in three directions (X, Y and Z). The set-up margin for CTV to PTV was calculated by published margin formulae of International Commission on Radiation Units and measurements (ICRU) report No. 62 recommendation and formulas presented by Stroom and Heijmen and Van Herk et al.Results:Systematic set-up errors for radiotherapy to patients ranged between 2·36 and 4·99 mm, and random errors ranged between 1·51 and 2·74 mm. The margin required to cover the target volume retrospectively was calculated based on ICRU 62 and formulas presented by Stroom and Heijmen and Van Herk et al. were used to calculate the range 2·8–5·7 mm, 5·7–11·9 mm and 6·9–14·4 mm, respectively.Conclusion:According to our findings, it can be concluded that by extending the CTV margin by 6·9–14·4 mm, we can ensure that 90% of the pelvic cancer patients will receive ≥ 95% of the prescribed dose in the CTV area.
Working in partnership with communities to improve health and research outcomes. Comparisons and commonalities between the UK and South Africa
Authors: Wilson Patricia , Mavhandu-Mudzusi Azwihangwisi Helen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Community and public participation and involvement is an underpinning principle of primary health care, an essential component of a social justice-orientated approach to health care and a vehicle to improving health outcomes for patients, public and communities. However, influenced by history and context, there are intrinsic issues surrounding power imbalance and other barriers to partnerships between communities, public, policy makers and researchers. It is important to acknowledge these issues, and through doing so share experiences and learn from those working within very different settings.
In South Africa, community participation is seen as a route to decolonisation. It is also integral to the core functions of South African Higher Education Institutes, alongside teaching and research. In the UK, there has also been a history of participation and involvement as part of a social rights movement, but notably public involvement has become embedded in publicly funded health research as a policy imperative.
In this paper, we draw on our respective programmes of work in public and community participation and involvement. These include a South African community engagement project to reduce teenage pregnancy and HIV infection working through a partnership between teachers, students and university academics, and a national evaluation in England of public involvement in applied health research. We begin by highlighting the lack of clarity and terms used interchangeably to describe participation, engagement and involvement. Frameworks for partnership working with relevance to South Africa and the UK are then analysed, suggesting key themes of relationships, working together, and evaluation and monitoring. The South African project and examples of public involvement in English primary and community care research are examined through these themes. We conclude the paper by mapping out common enablers and barriers to partnership working within these very different contexts.
Assessment of the biogeographical variation of seed size and seed oil traits in wildSilphium integrifoliumMichx. genotypes
Authors: Reinert Stephan , Van Tassel David L. , Schlautman Brandon , Kane Nolan C. , Hulke Brent S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSilphiumspp. have garnered interest in Europe as a bioenergy crop and in North America as a perennial oilseed crop. However, very little has been done at this early stage of domestication to characterize wild collections for many key characteristics, including important oilseed traits. The objective of this work was to develop a basic understanding of how biogeography and associated population genetic forces have shaped seed phenotypes in plant collections across the native range ofSilphium integrifoliumMichx. (Asteraceae: Heliantheae), the primary domestication candidate for oilseed use. A collection of 53 accessions was grown in a common environment in Salina, KS, which is a location well within the native range of the species in central North America. Plants from each collection site were randomly mated by hand to produce seed representative of each accession, and the seeds subjected to seed dimensional trait, oil content and oil composition analyses. Kernel width varied along a latitudinal cline of collection site, while kernel length varied across a longitudinal cline. Palmitic and linoleic acids were inversely correlated with each other and varied along a longitudinal cline of the collection site. The results indicate that accessions collected from more southwesterly sites tended to have larger seed and those from more westerly sites had higher linoleic acid content and lower palmitic and myristic acids, which are all desirable phenotypes for an oilseedSilphium.
Slot loaded EBG-based metasurface for performance improvement of circularly polarized antenna for WiMAX applications
Authors: Verma Alka , Singh Anil Kumar , Srivastava Neelam , Patil Shilpee , Kanaujia Binod Kumar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) metasurface (MS) superstrate-based circularly polarized antenna for the WiMAX (3.5 GHz) band is proposed. The proposed structure comprises a 2 × 2 slot-loaded rectangular patch MS array that can be perceived as a polarization-dependent EBG MS superstrate. Furthermore, to achieve circular polarization, the proposed antenna has an inclined coupling slot onto the ground with a conventional coplanar waveguide feed line. The proposed antenna has a compact structure with a low profile of 0.037λ0 (λ0 stands for the free-space wavelength at 3.48 GHz) and a ground size of 30 × 30 mm2. The measured results show that the −10 dB impedance bandwidth for the proposed antenna is 34.6% and the 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 6.8% with a peak gain of 3.91 dBi in the desired operating band. Good agreement between the simulated and the measured results verifies the performance of the proposed antenna.
Effects of Sand Addition and Bed Flushing on Gravel Bed Surface Microtopography and Roughness
Authors: Bertin Stéphane , Friedrich Heide 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGravel riverbeds naturally present a range of sediment size that can span several orders of magnitude. However, fine sediment (i.e., size <2 mm) additions affect sediment transport and are potentially harmful to the river ecology. Limited research has been done to understand the effects of sand addition on gravel bed topography. For this study, we conducted flume experiments testing the effectiveness of topography remote sensing to measure the response of a water‐worked gravel bed to varying sand additions and bed flushing. Repeated measurements of the bed topography with through‐water photogrammetry show that sand deposits primarily in low‐lying areas of the bed, where it is sheltered. Observed changes in bed elevation standard deviation, skewness, and inclination index indicate a smoother bed, as sand fills the depressions on the surface and conceals gravel imbrication. The overall bed morphology (e.g., small bedforms and coarse grain arrangement), however, is preserved. Increasing the sand supply resulted in a gravel bed buried by sand and the formation of sand dunes. Bed flushing with a flow sufficient to move sand allowed a return of the bed roughness to the prepulse conditions, while flushing the bed with a discharge equivalent to the armoring discharge reworked the normally stable surface layer without removing infiltrated sand from the subsurface. This new data set contributes to providing missing information on the small‐scale topographic effects of sand addition upon gravel beds. It might be used with measurements of near‐bed flow hydraulics obtained in other studies to explain variations of sediment transport.
Sediment Respiration Pulses in Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams
Authors: von Schiller D. , Datry T. , Corti R. , Foulquier A. , Tockner K. , Marcé R. , García‐Baquero G. , Odriozola I. , Obrador B. , Elosegi A. , Mendoza‐Lera C. , Gessner M. O. , Stubbington R. , Albariño R. , Allen D. C. , Altermatt F. , Arce M. I. , Arnon S. , Banas D. , Banegas‐Medina A. , Beller E. , Blanchette M. L. , Blanco‐Libreros J. F. , Blessing J. , Boëchat I. G. , Boersma K. S. , Bogan M. T. , Bonada N. , Bond N. R. , Brintrup K. , Bruder A. , Burrows R. M. , Cancellario T. , Carlson S. M. , Cauvy‐Fraunié S. , Cid N. , Danger M. , de Freitas Terra B. , Dehedin A. , De Girolamo A. M. , del Campo R. , Díaz‐Villanueva V. , Duerdoth C. P. , Dyer F. , Faye E. , Febria C. , Figueroa R. , Four B. , Gafny S. , Gómez R. , Gómez‐Gener L. , Graça M. A. S. , Guareschi S. , Gücker B. , Hoppeler F. , Hwan J. L. , Kubheka S. , Laini A. , Langhans S. D. , Leigh C. , Little C. J. , Lorenz S. , Marshall J. , Martín E. J. , McIntosh A. , Meyer E. I. , Miliša M. , Mlambo M. C. , Moleón M. , Morais M. , Negus P. , Niyogi D. , Papatheodoulou A. , Pardo I. , Pařil P. , Pešić V. , Piscart C. , Polášek M. , Rodríguez‐Lozano P. , Rolls R. J. , Sánchez‐Montoya M. M. , Savić A. , Shumilova O. , Steward A. , Taleb A. , Uzan A. , Vander Vorste R. , Waltham N. , Woelfle‐Erskine C. , Zak D. , Zarfl C. , Zoppini A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) may represent over half the global stream network, but their contribution to respiration and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is largely undetermined. In particular, little is known about the variability and drivers of respiration in IRES sediments upon rewetting, which could result in large pulses of CO2. We present a global study examining sediments from 200 dry IRES reaches spanning multiple biomes. Results from standardized assays show that mean respiration increased 32‐fold to 66‐fold upon sediment rewetting. Structural equation modeling indicates that this response was driven by sediment texture and organic matter quantity and quality, which, in turn, were influenced by climate, land use, and riparian plant cover. Our estimates suggest that respiration pulses resulting from rewetting of IRES sediments could contribute significantly to annual CO2 emissions from the global stream network, with a single respiration pulse potentially increasing emission by 0.2–0.7%. As the spatial and temporal extent of IRES increases globally, our results highlight the importance of recognizing the influence of wetting‐drying cycles on respiration and CO2 emissions in stream networks.