bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of aging on timing of hibernation and reproduction
Authors: Bieber Claudia , Turbill Christopher , Ruf Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSmall hibernators are long-lived for their size because seasonal dormancy greatly reduces predation risk. Thus, within a year, hibernators switch between states of contrasting mortality risk (active season versus hibernation), making them interesting species for testing the predictions of life-history theory. Accordingly, we hypothesized that, with advancing age and hence diminishing reproductive potential, hibernators should increasingly accept the higher predation risk associated with activity to increase the likelihood of current reproductive success. For edible dormice (Glis glis) we show that age strongly affects hibernation/activity patterns, and that this occurs via two pathways: (i) with increasing age, dormice are more likely to reproduce, which delays the onset of hibernation, and (ii) age directly advances emergence from hibernation in spring. We conclude that hibernation has to be viewed not merely as an energy saving strategy under harsh climatic conditions, but as an age-affected life-history trait that is flexibly used to maximize fitness.
Neogene fluvial landscape evolution in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert
Authors: Ritter Benedikt , Stuart Finlay M. , Binnie Steven A. , Gerdes Axel , Wennrich Volker , Dunai Tibor J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDating of extensive alluvial fan surfaces and fluvial features in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile, using cosmogenic nuclides provides unrivalled insights about the onset and variability of aridity. The predominantly hyperarid conditions help to preserve the traces of episodic climatic and/or slow tectonic change. Utilizing single clast exposure dating with cosmogenic 10Be and 21Ne, we determine the termination of episodes of enhanced fluvial erosion and deposition occurring at ~19, ~14, ~9.5 Ma; large scale fluvial modification of the landscape had ceased by ~2–3 Ma. The presence of clasts that record pre-Miocene exposure ages (~28 Ma and ~34 Ma) require stagnant landscape development during the Oligocene. Our data implies an early onset of (hyper-) aridity in the core region of the Atacama Desert, interrupted by wetter but probably still arid periods. The apparent conflict with interpretation that favour a later onset of (hyper-) aridity can be reconciled when the climatic gradients within the Atacama Desert are considered.
The multi-level and multi-dimensional quantum wavelet packet transforms
Authors: Li Hai-Sheng , Fan Ping , Xia Hai-ying , Song Shuxiang , He Xiangjian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe classical wavelet packet transform has been widely applied in the information processing field. It implies that the quantum wavelet packet transform (QWPT) can play an important role in quantum information processing. In this paper, we design quantum circuits of a generalized tensor product (GTP) and a perfect shuffle permutation (PSP). Next, we propose multi-level and multi-dimensional (1D, 2D and 3D) QWPTs, including a Haar QWPT (HQWPT), a D4 QWPT (DQWPT) based on the periodization extension and their inverse transforms for the first time, and prove the correctness based on the GTP and PSP. Furthermore, we analyze the quantum costs and the time complexities of our proposed QWPTs and obtain precise results. The time complexities of HQWPTs is at most 6 on 2n elements, which illustrates high-efficiency of the proposed QWPTs. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed QWPTs are correct and effective.
Accurate Risk Assessment of Patients with Pathologic T3aN0M0 Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Oh Jong Jin , Lee Jung Keun , Do Song Byung , Lee Hakmin , Lee Sangchul , Byun Seok-Soo , Lee Sang Eun , Hong Sung Kyu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo develop a more precise risk-stratification system by investigating the prognostic impact of tumor growth within fatty tissues surrounding the kidney and/or renal vein. We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 211 patients with a pathologic diagnosis of T3aN0M0RCC among 4,483 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients from February 1988 to December 2015 according to the number of T3a pathologies—extrarenal fat invasion (EFI) and/or renal venous invasion (RVI). During a mean follow-up duration of 38.8 months, the patients with both pathologies (EFI + RVI) had lower recurrence free survival (RFS) rate than those with only a single pathology (p = 0.001). Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, the presence of both factors was shown to be an independent predictor of RFS (HR = 1.964, p = 0.032); cancer specific survival rate was not different among patients with EFI and/or RVI. Patients with pathologic T3aN0M0 RCC presenting with both EFI and RVI were at an increased risk of recurrence following nephrectomy. Therefore, pathologic T3a RCC could be sub-divided into those with favorable and unfavorable disease according to presence of EFI and/or RVI pathologies.
Habitual tool use innovated by free-living New Zealand kea
Authors: Goodman Matthew , Hayward Thomas , Hunt Gavin R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe emergence of flexible tool use is rare in the animal kingdom and thought to be largely constrained by either cognitive ability or ecological factors. That mostly birds with a high level of intelligence innovate tool use in captivity is consistent with the former hypothesis. We report here the first documented case of habitual tool use innovated in the wild by a bird species only known to have used tools in captivity. Trap-boxes containing food-bait and snap-trap(s) were installed in the remote Murchison Mountains, New Zealand, from 2002 to catch introduced stoats. Kea tampered with the trap-boxes in various ways. Over approximately 2.5 years, sticks were found inserted into at least 227 different trap-boxes that were up to 27 km apart. Video footage confirmed that the stick insertion was kea tool use. Trap-boxes are unlikely to have provided the only possibility for kea tool use in their habitat given their extractive foraging and skilled object manipulation. We argue that they instead greatly facilitated the opportunity for tool use, thus increasing the chance that kea would invent the behaviour. The innovation of tool use by kea in response to facilitation provides rare field support for the cognitive constraints hypothesis.
Hybrid feature selection approach for power transformer fault diagnosis based on support vector machine and genetic algorithm
Authors: Kari Tusongjiang , Gao Wensheng , Zhao Dongbo , Abiderexiti Kaherjiang , Mo Wenxiong , Wang Yong , Luan Le 
Published: September 2018

To further improve fault diagnosis accuracy, a new hybrid feature selection approach combined with a genetic algorithm (GA) and support vector machine (SVM) is presented in this study. Adaptive synthetic technique and arctangent transformation method are adopted to improve the statistical property of the training set (IEC TC10 dataset). Five filter methods based on different evaluation metrics are employed to rank 48 input features derived from dissolved gas analysis (DGA). Then, feature combination methods are applied to aggregate feature ranks and form a lower‐dimension candidate feature subset. The GA–SVM model is implemented to optimise parameters and select optimal feature subsets. 5‐fold cross‐validation accuracy of the GA‐SVM is used to evaluate fault diagnosis capability of feature subsets and finally, a novel subset is determined as the optimal feature subset. Accuracy comparison manifests the superiority of the optimal feature subsets over that of conventional approaches. Besides, generalisation and robustness of the optimal subset are validated by testing DGA samples from the local power utility. Results indicate that the optimal feature subset obtained by the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracies of power transformer fault diagnosis.
Fast single shot multibox detector and its application on vehicle counting system
Authors: Chen Lili , Zhang Zhengdao , Peng Li 
Published: September 2018

Real‐time vehicle detection and counting of multiple types is a difficult problem. To solve this problem, this study presents an efficient method based on single shot detection (SSD) to construct a vehicle detection and counting system. The proposed method named Fast‐SSD first combines the Slim ResNet‐34 with Single Shot MultiBox Detector. Then the authors limit the location prediction at each cell in the feature map and modify the detection network. When the input size of the picture is 300 × 300, Fast‐SSD achieves the accuracy of 76.7 mAP on the PASCAL visual object classes 2007 test set. The network can be implemented at the speed of 20.8 FPS based on the GTX650Ti. Furthermore, they obtain the centre point of each type of vehicle which is detected by the Fast‐SSD model in the image and set the virtual loop detectors to specify the detection range. The number of vehicles is calculated when the centre of the vehicle passes the virtual loop detector. Results show that the vehicle detection accuracy achieves 99.3% and the classification accuracy is 98.9%.
GS242-03+37: a lucky survivor in the galactic gravitational field
Authors: Ehlerová S. , Palouš J. 
Published: September 2018

Context. HI shells and supershells, found in discs of many galaxies including our own, are formed by the activity of young and massive stars (supernova explosions and stellar winds), but the formation of these structures may be linked to other energetic events, such as interactions of high-velocity clouds with the galactic disc. The larger structures in particular significantly influence their surroundings; their walls are often places where molecular clouds reside and where star formation happens.
Aims. We explore the HI supershell GS242-03+37, a large structure in the outer Milky Way. Its size and position make it a good case for studying the effects of large shells on their surrounding.
Methods. We perform numerical simulations of the structure with the simplified hydrodynamical code RING, which uses the thin-shell approximation. The best fit is found by a comparison with the HI data and then we compare our model with the distribution of star clusters near this supershell.
Results. The best model of GS242-03+37 requires, contrary to previous estimates, a relatively low amount of energy, and it has an old age of ∼100 Myr. We also find that the distribution of young star clusters (with ages <120 Myr) is correlated with walls of the supershell, while the distribution of older clusters is not. Clusters that have the highest probability of being born in the wall of the supershell show an age sequence along the wall.
Conclusions. GS242-03+37 is a relatively old structure, shaped by the differential rotation, and its wall is a birthplace of several star clusters. The star formation started at a time when the supershell was not already supersonically expanding; it was a result of the density increase due to the galactic shear and oscillations perpendicular to the disc of the Milky Way.
Risk factors for conversion to snare resection during colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection in an expert Western center
Authors: Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles Enrique , Snauwaert Christophe , Moreels Tom , Jouret-Mourin Anne , Deprez Pierre , Piessevaux Hubert 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background There are limited data regarding the risk factors and consequences of conversion to endoscopic mucosal resection (rescue EMR) during colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in Western centers.
Methods This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database, from which 225 consecutive ESDs performed between 2013 and 2017 were selected. Of the included patients, 39 (18.6 %) required rescue EMR. Pre- and per-procedure characteristics were evaluated to determine the features associated with the need for rescue EMR. Outcomes and complications were also assessed.
Results 210 patients were included, with median tumor size of 40 mm (range 20 – 110) and most tumors being in a non-rectal location (66.2 %). When compared with full ESD, rescue EMR was significantly associated with lower rates of en bloc resection (43.6 % vs. 100 %) and complete resection (R0 status; 28.2 % vs. 88.9 %), and with a higher rate of recurrence (5.1 % vs. 0 %) and more need for surgery (15.4 % vs. 3.5 %). In multivariable analysis, non-lifting (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] 3.06, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.23 – 7.66; P = 0.02), nongranular-type laterally spreading tumor (LST-NG; ORa 2.56, 95 %CI 1.10 – 5.99; P = 0.03), and difficult retroflexion (OR 3.22, 95 %CI 1.01 – 10.28; P = 0.049) were independent risk factors associated with conversion to rescue EMR, while tumor size and location were not.
Conclusions During ESD, the presence of poor lifting, LST-NG morphology, and a difficult retroflexed approach were factors associated with the need to convert to rescue EMR. Conversion to rescue EMR remains a valuable strategy.
Sex Hormonal Profile in Men and Women with Epilepsy on Enzyme-Inducing Antiepileptic Drugs: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Manchukonda Shivalaxmi , Jabeen Shaik , Mohammed Noorjahan , Cherian Ajith , Chandran Priscilla 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Introduction Prevalence of sexual and reproductive dysfunction in men and women with epilepsy (MWE and WWE) ranges from 20 to 60% in different studies. Epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs both contribute in varying degrees to the reproductive endocrine dysfunction.
Aims and Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the alteration in sex hormone levels in MWE and WWE on enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs).
Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional case-control study of 29 MWE and 26 WWE on EIAEDs. Control group were age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Serum sex hormones such as total testosterone (TT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), estradiol (E2) and progesterone, gonadotropins such as luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) levels were estimated. Free testosterone (FT) and bioactive testosterone (BAT) were calculated. Gonadal efficiency in men was estimated by TT/LH and in women by E2/SHBG and LH/FSH ratios.
Results There was a significant decrease in TT/LH, FT, BAT, DHEAS, and progesterone along with a significant elevation of SHBG and E2 in MWE on EIAEDs. There was also significant elevation of gonadotropins such as LH, FSH, and prolactin (PRL) in MWE. A significant decrease in progesterone, DHEAS, and E2/SHBG along with a marked elevation in SHBG, LH, FSH, and PRL was found in WWE.
Conclusion This study clearly demonstrates that EIAEDs have an adverse effect on reproductive health in both MWE and WWE.
Aetiopathological mechanisms of negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: Caputo F. , Giordano G. M. , Mucci A. , Galderisi S. 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Background: Negative symptoms represent core features of schizophrenia and have an unfavorable impact on the disease outcome. Unfortunately, their aetiopathology has not been elucidated yet and the effectiveness of available treatments is not satisfactory. Aims: This review aims to provide a critical overview of research findings concerning negative symptom aetiopathology, highlighting limitations and future perspectives. Results: Enduring and transient negative symptoms, as well as motivation-related and expression-related domains of negative symptoms, have different risk factors and clinical correlates, and are associated to distinct brain abnormalities. Enduring negative symptoms seem to be related to subtle, pervasive deviations in neurodevelopmental trajectories. Expression deficit, as compared with avolition, shows a stronger association with neurological soft signs, cognitive impairment and diffuse disconnectivity. Avolition/apathy is a multifaceted construct probably related to deficits of reward and action valuation and instrumental learning, subtended by cortico-striatal dysfunctions. Conclusions: Research findings support the heterogeneity of negative symptoms and are likely to pave the way for the discovery of more effective treatments.
How to evaluate mental healthcare models
Authors: Großimlinghaus I. , Kerst A. , Otten M. , Zielasek J. , Gaebel W. , Kowitz S. 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Background: One of the main measures of improving the quality of mental healthcare in Europe is to promote the implementation of effective healthcare services. The evaluation of such health-care models is needed to assess their effectiveness and efficiency. Objectives: The article points out the main methodological challenges of demonstrating the effectiveness and efficiency of mental healthcare models. Results: Implementing healthcare models is complex and includes several components and a high number of confounding variables. This makes it difficult to identify the “active ingredients”. The range of evaluation criteria is wide. Therefore, it is crucial to define the main aim of the intervention clearly and to choose evaluation assessments with relevance for these aims. Conclusion: Addressing the question how to evaluate mental healthcare models, evaluation studies have to provide information not only about the chosen evaluation criteria but also about the context, in which a healthcare model works.
Moving towards community mental healthcare
Authors: Ruggeri M. , Iozzino L. 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Background: After the Psychiatric Reform in 1978 and the closure of large mental hospitals, a nation-wide network of Departments of Mental Health (DMH) has been developed in Italy and now delivers routinely outpatient and inpatient care, and runs semi-residential and residential facilities. Intensive effort has been promoted: inpatient care is provided all over Italy by General Hospital Psychiatric Units (GHPUs) with a maximum of 15 beds, and only a very low proportion of inpatient admissions are compulsory. Community Mental Health Centres are central to mental health services operating between 5 days per week for 12 hours a day in most Regions offering daytime and domiciliary care for those with severe and enduring mental illness; other community mental health services include residential facilities for long-term psychiatric care and day hospital/centres. However, there is still marked quantitative and qualitative variation in the provision of out- and inpatient care throughout the country, and service utilization patterns are uneven. Aim: Further efforts are required to improve quality of care and to develop a more effectively integrated system. Greater attention must be paid to topics such as quality of care and outcomes, and continuous monitoring that orient the overall process of care and particularly psychosocial interventions. Prevention and promotion of mental health, particularly in the early stages of illness, and in adolescence disorders and depression, should be promoted; outcome and quality of care in residential facilities should be targeted to prevent avoidable chronicization.
Versorgungsmodelle für psychische Störungen
Authors: Borrmann-Hassenbach M. 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft der Träger psychiatrischer Krankenhäuser (BAG Psychiatrie) vertritt die Interessen von etwa 90% aller psychiatrischen Krankenhausträger mit Pflichtversorgungsauftrag in Deutschland. Dazu zählen kommunale, frei-gemeinnützige, kirchliche, staatliche und private Krankenhausträger. Seit mehr als 20 Jahren hat der normativ angelegte Strukturrahmen der Psychiatrie-Personalverordnung (Psych-PV) mit Finanzierungsanspruch der Krankenhäuser dazu beigetragen, dass die akutpsychiatrische, regionale Pflichtversorgung als Auftrag für alle Träger umsetzbar war. Erwartungen: Die Träger psychiatrischer Krankenhäuser haben in den vergangenen Jahren mit dem kontinuierlichen Ausbau der psychiatrischen Institutsambulanzen und regionalisierten Tageskliniken die versorgungsstrategische Aufgabe „ambulant vor stationär“ wesentlich mitgestaltet und unterstützen diese Entwicklung auch in Zukunft. Die BAG setzt sich dafür ein, dass Modellprojekte einen verlässlichen Rahmen erhalten und systemisch in die Flexibilisierung und Vernetzung der psychiatrischen Versorgung eingebunden werden. Hoffnungen: Herausforderung wird in den künftigen Jahren sein, wie der bereits sichtbare Widerspruch zwischen ökonomiegetriebener Marktentwicklung für die vollstationäre Versorgung psychischer Krankheiten insbesondere in der Psychosomatik und der Ressourcenverteilung weiter entwickelt wird. Regionale Pflichtversorgung auf Basis einer psychiatrischen Vollversorgung aller psychischen Störungsbilder muss als hoher Garant für die Sicherstellung der Versorgung angesehen werden, aus der heraus die bedarfsorientierte und individualisierte Flexibilisierung der Versorgungsstrukturen und Angebote geleistet werden kann.
Tianeptin
Authors: Volz H.-P. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungNeben der Katecholamin-Mangel-Hypothese der Depression hat in den letzten Jahren vermehrt die Veränderung der Stressachse (auch HPA-Achse genannt) Beachtung gefunden, zumal es eine Reihe von Beobachtungen gibt, die zeigen, dass zum einen Glukokortikoide direkt neurotoxisch, v.a. am Hippocampus, wirken können und zum anderen, dass eine erhöhte glutamaterge Transmission ebenfalls in dieselbe Richtung wirken könnte. In diese Regelmechanismen scheint auch Tianeptin, eine lange in einer Reihe von europäischen Ländern eingesetzte Substanz, die nun auch seit drei Jahren in Deutschland zur Verfügung steht, einzugreifen. Neben dem wahrscheinlichen pharmakodynamischen Wirkmechanismus der Substanz werden in der vorliegenden Übersicht die aktuelle Studienlage zur Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit zusammengefasst, aber auch Studien im Bereich kognitiver Störungen dargestellt. In einer Reihe von klinischen Studien konnte die Placebo überlegene und die zu mindestens ebenso gute antidepressive Effektivität von Tianeptin im Vergleich zu Standardantidepressiva (v.a. SSRIs und Trizyklika) gezeigt werden. Auch positive Langzeituntersuchungen liegen vor. Das Nebenwirkungsprofil ähnelt dem der SSRIs, allerdings gibt es Hinweise, dass gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen, Tremor und Palpitationen vergleichsweise seltener auftreten, trockener Mund häufiger. Sexuelle Dysfunktionen sind selten. Erste Studien zeigen einen positiven Effekt auf die häufig bei Depressionen verschlechterten kognitiven Störungen. Das Interaktionsverhalten der Substanz ist sehr günstig. Somit steht eine interessante neue Möglichkeit der pharmakologischen Depressionstherapie zur Verfügung.
Mental healthcare for refugees
Authors: Gaebel W. , Falkai P. , Sartorius N. , Zielasek J. 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Introduction: The current refugee situation in Europa also leads to an increasing number of people with mental disorders. Which measures need to be taken to ascertain adequate mental healthcare for refugees during and after fleeing from their home countries? Methods: Review of the current tasks, areas of action and future challenges of refugee mental healthcare. Results: Refugee healthcare poses new challenges for the receiving and the transit countries. Besides dealing with the acute refugee situation, long term aspects of mental and general healthcare for refugees need to be considered. This will also include the reconstruction of the healthcare systems in the countries of origin of refugees.