bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Part II-Implementing Strategic Plans, Operational Planning and Control
Authors: Norman P. A. 
Published: June 2018

The first part of this paper, published in the May JOURNAL, discussed in general terms certain topics relevant to business objectives and industry orientation and dealt in some detail with definition of company objectives and strategic plans. The successful completion of this first phase is dependent on close co-operation between Government and Industry for both civil and military projects.This part of the paper deals with the procedures for implementing the strategic plan (management control) and the application and control at operational levels (operational control). The phase of implementation is one where considerable scope exists for ensuring future effectiveness through sound direction in that the plan becomes a firm commitment at this stage.The paper concludes with a brief summary and a list of recommendations for future activities within the Management Studies Group of the Society aimed at definition of a basis for application of the disciplines described in the paper.
The Effect of Condensation on Hypersonic Laminar Heat Transfer to Cones
Authors: Wood N. B. 
Published: June 2018

The investigation of Daum focused attention on the problem of condensation in hypersonic wind tunnels. In such tunnels there is often a conflict between the desire to obtain the maximum Reynolds number and the necessity of operating with a sufficiently high stagnation temperature to avoid liquefaction of the working gas. The hypersonic gun tunnel, in which the present tests were made, is capable of running at relatively high Reynolds numbers and to define the operating limits of the RARDE gun tunnel, Bowman made measurements similar to those of Daum, but using nitrogen as the working gas. It will be recalled that Daum made measurements of static and pitot pressures at varying temperatures. He deduced from these measurements that below a certain working section pressure significant degrees of supersaturation could be tolerated before breakdown to the condensed state. Thus three regions can be defined; in order of increasing temperature these are:(i) condensing flow;(ii) supersaturated uncondensed flow; and(iii)unsaturated flow (see Fig. 1).
The Calculation of Aerodynamic Forces and Pressures on Wings Entering Step Gusts
Authors: Mitchell C. G. B. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryLifting surface computer programs now exist for calculating the air forces on oscillating wings of general planform. These have made it practicable to evaluate the transient forces on wings entering step gusts by using a long-established relation between oscillatory and indicial forces. As examples, the indicial forces on a low aspect ratio wing in incompressible flow and the indicial pressures on a delta wing at a low subsonic Mach number are calculated. In the latter case the calculated results, which are based on attached flow, are compared with measurements on the same wing in conditions of separated flow. Despite the differences in flow, surprisingly similar development histories are found.
The ELDO-PAS Programme and Its Management
Authors: Nouaille J. 
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this paper is:1. To describe the technical content of the ELDO-PAS Programme;2. To give an outline of the management procedures used by the ELDO Secretariat.The presently approved ELDO programmes are:(a) The Initial Programme as described by the ELDO Convention aiming at the development of the threestage Europa I Launcher.(b) The Supplementary Programme approved by ELDO Member State Ministers in July 1966 to give ELDO the capability of placing significant payloads in geo-stationary orbits.
Circulation Control and its Application to Stopped Rotor Aircraft
Authors: Cheeseman I. C. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe problems associated with the design of a stopped rotor aircraft are summarised. The decision to attempt to overcome the aerodynamic difficulties by the choice of a rotor blade section which is basically insensitive to atmospheric gusts dictates a largely circular cross section. During the rotor lifting phases of the flight the circular section is constrained to lift by a technique called circulation control by blowing — this technique is described and some results presented. A scale model hingeless rotor has been tested at the National Gas Turbine Establishment. Typical performance figures are presented and their implications discussed. In particular, it is shown that operating rotors at high values of thrust coefficient per blade leads to high induced power factors. Cyclic control of rotor lift is achieved by hub throttling the air to the circulation control slots —a simple mechanism to achieve this result is described. Two possible schemes for a VTOL circulation control stopped rotor transport are discussed and compared.
The Effect of Air Traffic Control Policy on the Growth of Aviation
Authors: Goodhart H. C. N. 
Published: June 2018

Much of what I am going to say is opinion and many will find it controversial. It is therefore essential to start off from a firm and incontrovertible basis of fact. By this means it should be possible to narrow down the controversy considerably.Table I represents the state of aviation in this country in comparison with the USA. These facts are confined to civil aviation since it is the growth of civil aviation that I am talking about.
Commercial Operation of Helicopters
Authors: Bristow A. E. 
Published: June 2018

It is a great privilege for me to give the Eighth Cierva Memorial Lecture and to pay tribute and honour to Juan de la Cierva who, more than any other inventor, was responsible for bringing into reality the principle of rotating wing flight. Cierva was an inventor of indefatigable industry, patience and genius. His faith in the Autogiro and the future of the rotating wing aircraft will be remembered for ever.The invention by Cierva of the articulated rotor with flapping and drag hinges to relieve bending stresses at the blade root, and in the chord-wise plane, provided the solution to true helicopter flight which become a reality in 1936.
Thunderstorm Project
Authors: Patrick K. B. 
Published: June 2018

The thunderstorm was a hazard which had still not been investigated at the end of the war, a hazard that had caused many serious aircraft accidents. No longer could the old admonition to stay out of thunderstorms be strictly followed by commercial or military pilots, whose flights could not be restricted to fair weather so as to avoid the severe turbulence occurring inside most thunderstorms.This led to the ‘Thunderstorm Project’ in the USA in 1946-47 in Florida and Ohio'. Since the hazardous features of a thunderstorm are associated with individual cells, it is important for an understanding of the storm as it affects flight operations, to be aware of the nature of these features and their variation with stages of cell development.
Roll Dynamics of a Spinning Axi-Symmetric Satellite using the WKBJ Method
Authors: Modi V. J. , Neilson J. E. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe attitude dynamics of a spinning axi-symmetric satellite, free to librate in roll, is studied using the WKBJ method. Applicability of the method to the linearised equation of motion is first verified. To facilitate the evaluation of the WKBJ solution and to make it more amenable to the phase space analysis, second order terms in eccentricity are neglected. The form of the solution suggests the presence of phase and amplitude modulation effects for non-circular orbits. The comparison between the WKBJ analysis and ‘exact’ numerical solutions showed that the approximate analysis predicts the period and amplitude of motion with an accuracy adequate for the preliminary design purposes.
Review of V/STOL Aircraft with Tilt-Propellers and Tilt-Rotors
Authors: Borst Henry V. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTests of the first experimental VTOL aircraft using tiltable wings and propellers indicated that practical operational aircraft are possible and can operate with a high degree of effectiveness.The flight tests accomplished up to the present time with the second generation tilt-propeller and tilt-rotor aircraft are discussed and analysed. The XC-142 and the CL-84 tilt-wing aircraft have been performing well throughout their projected flight envelope and good pilot ratings have been obtained with each in hover, transition, and the normal cruise mode. The X-19 tandem wing tilt propeller was flown only up to 100 knots and was lost due to a structural failure in one nacelle. Although the operation of the aircraft had been satisfactory up to this point, this programme was terminated due to shortage of funds.A study of the various VTOL aircraft configurations operating at low radius of action indicates that the tilt wing/ tilt propeller type are the most cost-effective as long as speed is an important parameter in the operating mission. There are missions where speed is of secondary importance, and therefore, the helicopter will continue to be one of the most effective VTOL for these missions.Since the tilt-wing /tilt-rotor aircraft tend to be only slightly higher in cost than the helicopter and with development the complexity and maintainability will be reduced to acceptable levels, it is anticipated that further work will be done in the development of these vehicles, and successful and useful machines will be built in the future.
The Second Century Papers: Looking Ahead in Aeronautics—11
Authors: Stanton-Jones R. 
Published: June 2018

The introduction to a book called “An Anthology of Partly Baked Ideas” states that it was compiled to provide an opportunity for the publication of ideas either half or partly baked, which might not otherwise be suitable for publication in established learned journals.However, the Royal Aeronautical Society's decision to solicit articles on aeronautical achievement in the latter half of the twenty-first century is a direct invitation from a learned society to expound on, what at best, can only be some very partly baked ideas.The author of this admirable anthology, I. J. Good, has defined partly baked ideas (PBIs) in some detail in the opening chapters where he gives a clear indication that reputable scientists and engineers should at very least endeavour to incubate their proposals to the point where the degree of “bakedness” should be greater than 0·5, i.e. better than half-baked.
The Second Century Papers: Looking Ahead in Aeronautics—12
Authors: Hearne P. A. 
Published: June 2018

In considering the spectrum of possibilities which advances in electronics offers during the next fifty years it is worth a short backward glance over an equal time span.In 1918 the use of electronics was almost entirely devoted to developments in the radio frequency field, principally those of communication and sound amplification. Wireless telegraphy under pressure from naval and merchant marine requirements had reached the stage where it formed a dependable means of communication, albeit with the need for specialised human skills, for the world's modern shipping.There had been a limited amount of aeronautical radio development during the war, to reduce the size and weight of wireless telegraphy and the later radio telephony transmitters; much of the later stages of this work was carried out at Biggin Hill. However, these developments had scarcely any influence upon either the design and construction of aircraft or perhaps more important only a small influence on their operation. It was to be sometime before the exploitation of the radio frequency spectrum on the ground and in the air contributed to increase greatly the operational capability of the aeroplane during the 1930's.
Kinetic Heating of Aircraft Structures
Authors: Taylor J. 
Published: June 2018

The design of aircraft subjected to kinetic heating is the same as any other structural problem. First, the loading condition must be determined, then the structure has to be designed to withstand that condition and finally the design must be confirmed by test. This lecture follows this pattern and does so in the same order.The source of the energy that is transferred to the structure is the aerodynamic boundary layer and a study of the boundary layer forms the main part of the lecture. During the past few years a large amount of work has been done and the Society is proposing to issue Data Sheets this year to replace those issued in 1955. The same work forms the basis from which the present proposed values of heat transfer coefficients are obtained.
The New South Wales Air Ambulance
Authors: Walton Nancy-Bird 
Published: June 2018

The Air Ambulance of New South Wales came into operation on Good Friday 1967. Less than sixteen months later as I write it has carried 2348 patients in 807 flights. Four hundred and eleven of these patients have been emergencies and it is highly probable that most of them would not have survived a long distance road journey. With few exceptions all patients have been sent in by country doctors for specialist treatment in the metropolitan area.Introduced as an Air Arm to the excellent road ambulance service it was intended to avoid the road journeys for distances of more than 175 miles. In the first year it saved that service 932 760 road miles. The time that patients would have spent on the road was 16 201 hours, this was reduced by air to 3 094 hours.It is hardly necessary to add what this means to a sick or injured person. Although deeply unconscious and in a state of shock patients have been transported without their condition deteriorating.
A Review of Hovercraft Research in Britain
Authors: Silverleaf A. 
Published: June 2018

Almost exactly ten years ago the National Research Development Corporation (NRDC) decided to support Christopher Cockerell's ideas for what soon became known as hovercraft. Since then there have been remarkably rapid developments in marine hovercraft and in other applications of the air cushion principle, and there is little need to remind this audience of what has been achieved during that time. Indeed, the large cross-Channel SRN4, and the smaller new Hovermarine sidewall craft, as well as the recently announced design by Vosper-Thornycroft, all speak for themselves and demonstrate vividly the major strides that have been made within a single decade.During this period there has naturally been a strong emphasis on development work closely related to specific engineering and design projects, but experimental and theoretical investigations of a more general and basic nature have also been encouraged in this country. It is always difficult to separate clearly research from development and this is particularly so in the first decade of hovercraft.
Operational Aspects of the Supersonic Transport
Authors: Abell C. 
Published: June 2018

Frank Barnwell was a man who combined vision with practical achievement and as such earned tremendous respect. I am sure he would have enjoyed the challenge, as well as the vision, of further shrinking Everyman's World by making Supersonic Transport a commercial reality.I am indeed honoured in being asked to give this 1968 lecture in his memory.Right at the start I would like to pay tribute to all of my colleagues who have done a great deal of work preparing the material for this paper, and to say that without their help it would not have been an interesting paper at all.
A Note on the Accuracy of Similar Solutions of the Equations for Laminar Boundary Layers on Curved Surfaces
Authors: Massey B. S. , Clayton B. R. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTo describe steady, two-dimensional, constant-density flow in a laminar boundary layer on a curved surface, a single equation may be derived from the complete Navier-Stokes equations, with no approximations being necessary. The conditions under which similar solutions are attainable are discussed, and the validity of some previous calculations is upheld.
Air Reconnaissance in the Royal Air Force
Past, Present and Future
Authors: Crew E. D. 
Published: June 2018

The lecture I am going to give attempts to cover, in
forty-five minutes a subject that really merits a
series of lectures. This, of course, displays a
fitting disregard for minor difficulties, of which,
I am sure, the dauntless spirit of Sir George Cayley
would have approved.The broad title permits consideration of all methods of
intelligence gathering from the air, including the
more widely known optical photographic systems, and
has been deliberately selected for this purpose. To
avoid clumsy and longwinded definitions I will
frequently have recourse to the the use of “in”
terms such as Sensor, Multi-Sensor, Exploitation,
Environment and many others.
Forward Speed Effects on Annular Jet Cushions
Authors: Alexander A. J. 
Published: June 2018

SummarySimple two-dimensional theory is extended to the case of a hovercraft having forward speed. It is shown that in general the effect of forward speed on lower surface lift is adverse but that the static pressure in the region of the rear jet has an important influence and if this pressure is low and hit is also low some reduction in lift power is achieved.
The tissue profile of metabolically active coenzyme forms of vitamin B12 differs in vitamin B12-depleted rats treated with hydroxo-B12 or cyano-B12
Authors: Greibe Eva , Kornerup Linda S. , Juul Christian B. , Fedosov Sergey N. , Heegaard Christian W. , Nexo Ebba 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent rat studies show different tissue distributions of vitamin B12 (B12), administered orally as hydroxo-B12 (HO-B12) (predominant in food) and cyano-B12 (CN-B12) (common in supplements). Here we examine male Wistar rats kept on a low-B12 diet for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week period on diets with HO-B12 (n 9) or CN-B12 (n 9), or maintained on a low-B12 diet (n 9). Plasma B12 was analysed before, during and after the study. The content of B12 and its variants (HO-B12, glutathionyl-B12, CN-B12, 5'-deoxyadenosyl-B12 (ADO-B12), and methyl-B12 (CH3-B12)) were assessed in the tissues at the end of the study. A period of 4 weeks on the low-B12 diet reduced plasma B12 by 58 % (from median 1323 (range 602–1791) to 562 (range 267–865) pmol/l, n 27). After 2 weeks on a high-B12 diet (week 6 v. week 4), plasma B12 increased by 68 % (HO-B12) and 131 % (CN-B12). Total B12 in the tissues accumulated differently: HO-B12>CN-B12 (liver, spleen), HO-B12<CN-B12 (kidneys), and HO-B12≈CN-B12 (brain, heart). Notably, more than half of the administered CN-B12 remained in this form in the kidneys, whereas HO-B12 was largely converted to the bioactive ADO-B12. Only <10 % of the other cofactor, CH3-B12, were found in the tissues. In conclusion, dietary CN-B12 caused a higher increase in plasma and total kidney B12 but provided less than half of the active coenzymes in comparison to dietary HO-B12. These data argue that HO-B12 may provide a better tissue supply of B12 than CN-B12, thereby underscoring the lack of a direct relation between plasma B12 and tissue B12.
Metabolic responses to high-fat diets rich in MUFAv. PUFA
Authors: Polley Kristine R. , Miller Mary K. , Johnson Mollie , Vaughan Roger , Paton Chad M. , Cooper Jamie A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDietary fatty acid (FA) composition may influence metabolism, possibly affecting weight management. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 5-d diet rich in PUFAv. MUFA. A total of fifteen normal-weight men participated in a randomised cross-over design with two feeding trials (3 d lead-in diet, pre-diet visit, 5-d PUFA- or MUFA-rich diet, post-diet visit). The 5-d diets (50 % fat) were rich in either PUFA (25 % of energy) or MUFA (25 % of energy). At pre- and post-diet visits, subjects consumed breakfast and lunch test meals, rich in the FA for that 5-d diet. Indirect calorimetry was used for 4 h after each meal. There were no treatment differences in fasting metabolism acutely or after the 5-d diet. For acute meal responses before diet, RER was higher for PUFAv. MUFA (0·86 (sem0·01)v. 0·84 (sem0·01),P<0·05), whereas diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) was lower for PUFAv. MUFA (18·91 (SEM1·46)v. 21·46 (SEM1·34) kJ,P<0·05). After the 5-d diets, the change in RER was different for PUFAv. MUFA (−0·02 (sem0·01)v. 0·00 (sem0·01),P<0·05). Similarly, the change in fat oxidation was greater for PUFAv. MUFA (0·18 (sem0·07)v. 0·04 (sem0·06) g,P<0·05). In conclusion, acutely, a MUFA-rich meal results in lower RER and greater DIT. However, after a 5-d high-fat diet, the change in metabolic responses was greater in the PUFA diet, showing the metabolic adaptability of a PUFA-rich diet.
EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATED AND RAIN-FED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) PRODUCERS IN FADAMA AGRICULTURE, NIGERIA
Authors: OPATA PATIENCE IFEYINWA , NWEZE NOBLE JACKSON , EZEIBE ADAKU BRIGET , MALLAM MAMUN 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYGiven the importance of irrigation for rice production, this study compared the technical efficiency of irrigated and rain-fed rice (Oryza sativa) farms in the Upper Niger River Basin and Rural Development Authority (UNRBDA), Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 300 irrigators and 325 rain-fed rice producers. Applying the stochastic frontier Cobb–Douglas production function, net income analysis and Likert scale rating techniques, the study found that irrigated scheme increased marginal factor productivity and profitability. The study revealed the existence of large technical inefficiency in rain-fed farms when compared with irrigated farms. This suggests that there is room for output gains through technical efficiency improvement in the rain-fed system. The mean value of the marginal physical product of inputs (VMPPX) in the irrigated farms (₦2.32) was more than that of rain-fed farm (₦1.67). Thus, if the average producers in the rain-fed are to achieve the technical efficiency level of the average producer in the irrigated farms, they can realize 38% output gains. Similarly, the mean net farm income (NFI) of ₦62,280.00 per ha in the irrigated farm was more than double of that of rain-fed farms ₦22,391.00. The partial regression coefficients for the individual production factors (β1) and (β3) for labour input (X1) and other variable inputs (X3), respectively, were positive and significant at 1% level, suggesting that the partial elasticity of crop output with respect to labour and other costs was higher in the irrigated farms than in the rain-fed farms. The Likert scale rating techniques showed that the poor knowledge of irrigation techniques, insufficient water for irrigation during the dry season, high cost of labour and lack of access to credit were the critical constraints preventing the rain-fed rice producer from joining the irrigation scheme. In view of this, rice irrigators should be encouraged to train more rain-fed farmers on some rudiments of irrigation techniques. They should also be linked to the sources of finance. Water Users Association (WUA) should be established in communities within the scheme areas for effective communication between farmers and the officials of the UNRBDA. Decision on the allocation of resources to Fadama sites including water should be given to WUA to strengthen the membership of the organization, while the government officials serve as supervisory and advisory body.
A uniqueness result for a singular elliptic equation with gradient term
Authors: Carmona José , Leonori Tommaso 
Published: June 2018

We prove the uniqueness of a solution for a problem whose simplest model iswith k ≥ 1, 0 f ∈ L∞(Ω) and Ω is a bounded domain of ℝN, N ≥ 2. So far, uniqueness results are known for k < 1, while existence holds for any k ≥ 1 and f positive in open sets compactly embedded in a neighbourhood of the boundary. We extend the uniqueness results to the k ≥ 1 case and show, with an example, that existence does not hold if f is zero near the boundary. We even deal with the uniqueness result when f is replaced by a nonlinear term λuq with 0 < q < 1 and λ > 0.