bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue crack initiation assessment of welded joints accounting for residual stress
Authors: Dong Y. , Garbatov Y. , Guedes Soares C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe impact of residual stresses on the fatigue crack initiation life of welded joints is evaluated by the finite element method. The residual stresses of nonload‐carrying cruciform joints, induced by welding and ultrasonic impact treatment, are modelled by initial stresses, using the linear superposition principle. An alternative approach of using modified stress‐strain curves in the highly stressed zone is also proposed to account for the residual stress effect on the local stress‐strain history. An evaluation of the fatigue crack initiation life of welded joints based on the local strain approach is carried out. The predicted results show the effect of residual stresses and agree well with published experimental results of as‐welded and ultrasonic impact treated specimens, demonstrating the applicability of both approaches. The proposed approaches may provide effective tools to evaluate the residual stress effect on the fatigue crack initiation life of welded joints.
Can Circadian Dysregulation Exacerbate Migraines?
Authors: Ong Jason C. , Taylor Hannah L. , Park Margaret , Burgess Helen J. , Fox Rina S. , Snyder Sarah , Rains Jeanetta C. , Espie Colin A. , Wyatt James K. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThis observational pilot study examined objective circadian phase and sleep timing in chronic migraine (CM) and healthy controls (HC) and the impact of circadian factors on migraine frequency and severity.BackgroundSleep disturbance has been identified as a risk factor in the development and maintenance of CM but the biological mechanisms linking sleep and migraine remain largely theoretical.MethodsTwenty women with CM and 20 age‐matched HC completed a protocol that included a 7 day sleep assessment at home using wrist actigraphy followed by a circadian phase assessment using salivary melatonin. We compared CM vs HC on sleep parameters and circadian factors. Subsequently, we examined associations between dim‐light melatonin onset (DLMO), the midpoint of the sleep episode, and the phase angle (time from DLMO to sleep midpoint) with the number of migraine days per month and the migraine disability assessment scale (MIDAS).ResultsCM and HC did not differ on measures of sleep or circadian phase. Within the CM group, more frequent migraine days per month was significantly correlated with DLMO (r = .49, P = .039) and later sleep episode (r = .47, P = .037). In addition, a greater phase angle (ie, circadian misalignment) was significantly correlated with more severe migraine‐related disability (r = .48, P = .042). These relationships remained significant after adjusting for total sleep time.ConclusionsThis pilot study revealed that circadian misalignment and delayed sleep timing are associated with higher migraine frequency and severity, which was not better accounted for by the amount of sleep. These findings support the plausibility and need for further investigation of a circadian pathway in the development and maintenance of chronic headaches. Specifically, circadian misalignment and delayed sleep timing could serve as an exacerbating factor in chronic migraines when combined with biological predispositions or environmental factors.
Transjugular diagnostics in acute liver failure including measurements of hepatocentral venous biomarker gradients
Authors: Wang Martin Chong , Wandrer Franziska , Schlué Jerome , Voigtländer Torsten , Lankisch Tim Oliver , Manns Michael Peter , Bantel Heike , von Hahn Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AimAcute liver failure (ALF) is a syndrome of severe liver injury that may need urgent liver transplantation and is associated with significant risk of death. Early outcome prediction and further possibilities to increase accuracy of prognosis scores are important.MethodsWe examined 30 patients with ALF, according to the novel criteria of the Intractable Hepato‐Biliary Diseases Study Group, who underwent transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) and investigated the relevance of histology for correct diagnosis and etiology. We assessed the suitability of necrosis (%), hepatic venous pressure gradients (HVPG), and hepatocentral venous gradients of serum biomarkers for outcome prediction. For this purpose, we calculated the difference of biomarker levels between hepatic vein (HV) and superior vena cava (SVC) blood samples.ResultsHistology of TJLB specimens contributed to finding the etiology in 83%. Necrosis (%) and HVPGs were not significantly different between outcome groups. In gradient measurements, caspase 3/7 activity and total cytokeratin 18 (CK‐18) (M65) had significant and relevant levels different from zero. Although they were not accurate for outcome prediction, differences between outcome groups were detected in caspase activation: levels of caspase 3/7 activity in the HV and caspase‐cleaved CK‐18 (M30) in the SVC were significantly higher in spontaneously recovered patients.ConclusionsOur results underline the role of caspase activation in spontaneous recovery from ALF. Furthermore, the calculation of hepatocentral venous biomarker gradients could represent a new diagnostic tool whose clinical potential needs to be further investigated.
Does the delivery of diagnostic news affect the likelihood of whether or not patients ask questions about the results? A conversation analytical study
Authors: Murtagh Ged M. , Thomas Anne L. , Furber Lynn 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundAsymmetries in knowledge and competence in the medical encounter often mean that doctor‐patient communication can be compromised. This study explores this issue and examines whether the likelihood of patient question asking is increased following the delivery of diagnostic test results. It also examines whether that likelihood is related to the way in which the test results are delivered.ObjectiveTo examine when and how patients initiate questions following diagnostic news announcements.MethodsWe audio‐recorded oncology consultations (n = 47) consisting of both first consultations and follow‐up consultations with patients with different types of cancer, at a leading UK teaching hospital. From the primary sample, we identified 30 consultations based on a basic count of the frequency of patient questions and their positioning in relation to diagnostic announcements. This subset of 30 consultations consisted of a mix of first and follow‐up consultations.ResultsOur data demonstrate how the design and delivery of diagnostic news announcements can either discourage or provide the opportunity for a patient‐initiated question in the next turn of talk. We identified two types of announcement. Q+ generally provided for a patient‐initiated question as a relevant next turn following the news announcement, whereas Q− did not. Q+ was sometimes followed up with the explanation of test results, which appeared to encourage further patient questions.ConclusionThe design and delivery of diagnostic news announcements can make a patient‐initiated question more or less appropriate, in the next turn of talk. In addition, showing and explaining test results can encourage further opportunities for patients’ questions.
The siege of Acre (1189–1191) in the historiographical tradition
Authors: Hosler John D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe siege of Acre (1189–1191) was the first and principal engagement of the Third Crusade. Although Christian forces successfully besieged the city, the losses they suffered in the process significantly limited continuing crusade operations and contributed to Richard the Lionheart's inability to besiege Jerusalem. Featuring dozens of battles, skirmishes, and naval actions, Acre was one of the longest sieges of the middle ages and provides a snapshot of the practice of both western and eastern warfare in the 12th century. Unfortunately, the actual military operations of the siege have been chronically understudied in the last two centuries. This essay examines the historiography on the siege of Acre and argues that it deserves more concerted attention from military and Crusades historians alike.
Socioeconomic inequalities in the use of dental care services during early childhood: an epidemiological survey
Authors: Souza João Gabriel Silva , Sampaio Aline Araújo , Costa Oliveira Bárbara Emanoele , Jones Kimberly Marie , Martins Andréa Maria Eleutério De Barros Lima 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe use of dental care services contributes to the improvement of children's healthy behaviors, reducing the prevalence of future dental problems. In this way, the purpose of this study was to describe the use of dental care service during early childhood and the possible socioeconomic inequalities in this use.DesignData from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SB Brasil, 2010) were used. Interviews with the children's parents and clinical examinations with the children were conducted in a 5‐year‐old representative sample. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple hierarchical statistical analyses were applied.ResultsOf the 7241 children included, 3812 (53.2%) had used dental care services at least once in their lifetimes, and 1872 (48.8%) had used services for check‐up/prevention. The use of dental services was greater among children with a higher family income (P < 0.05). The use of check‐ups was lower among children with non‐White skin color (Black and Browns) and among those who did not live in state capitals (P < 0.05). Clinical conditions and self‐perception were also associated with the use (P < 0.05).ConclusionSocioeconomic differences in the general use of dental care and in its use for check‐ups were identified during early childhood, indicating the presence of inequalities.
An Explicit Mapping of Currency Target Zone Models to Option Prices*
Authors: Lera Sandro Claudio , Sornette Didier 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCurrency target zones have been under scrutiny for the past three decades, which led to the development of two broad classes of quantitative models: Phenomenological ones that explicitly take into consideration the market's perception of the bounded exchange rate, and more mechanical ones that rely on put and call options. Until now, the two models have only been compared qualitatively. Here, we derive, for the first time, a quantitative link between these two approaches. Specifically, we show how the former approach has to be generalized in order to recover the second one. This mapping lets us relate the phenomenological parameter of the first approach to economically well‐known quantities.
Development of a short course on management of critically ill patients with acute respiratory infection and impact on clinician knowledge in resource‐limited intensive care units
Authors: Diaz Janet V. , Ortiz Justin R. , Lister Paula , Shindo Nahoko , Adhikari Neill K.J. ,   WHO Critical Care Training Short Course collaborators
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic caused surges of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) in resource‐limited settings. Several Ministries of Health requested clinical management guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO), which had not previously developed guidance regarding critically ill patients.ObjectiveTo assess the acceptability and impact on knowledge of a short course about the management of critically ill patients with acute respiratory infections complicated by sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome delivered to clinicians in resource‐limited ICUs.MethodsOver 4 years (2009‐2013), WHO led the development, piloting, implementation and preliminary evaluation of a 3‐day course that emphasized patient management based on evidence‐based guidelines and used interactive adult‐learner teaching methodology. International content experts (n = 35) and instructional designers contributed to development. We assessed participants’ satisfaction and content knowledge before and after the course.ResultsThe course was piloted among clinicians in Trinidad and Tobago (n = 29), Indonesia (n = 38) and Vietnam (n = 86); feedback from these courses contributed to the final version. In 2013, inaugural national courses were delivered in Tajikistan (n = 28), Uzbekistan (n = 39) and Azerbaijan (n = 30). Participants rated the course highly and demonstrated increased immediate content knowledge after (vs before) course completion (P < .001).ConclusionsWe found that it was feasible to create and deliver a focused critical care short course to clinicians in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Collaboration between WHO, clinical experts, instructional designers, Ministries of Health and local clinician‐leaders facilitated course delivery. Future work should assess its impact on longer‐term knowledge retention and on processes and outcomes of care.
Impact of nursing interventions on adherence to treatment with antituberculosis drugs in children and young people: A nonrandomized controlled trial
Authors: Guix‐Comellas Eva Maria , Rozas‐Quesada Librada , Velasco‐Arnaiz Eneritz , Ferrés‐Canals Ariadna , Estrada‐Masllorens Joan Maria , Force‐Sanmartín Enriqueta , Noguera‐Julian Antoni 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association of a new nursing intervention on the adherence to antituberculosis treatment in a paediatric cohort (<18 years).BackgroundTuberculosis remains a public health problem worldwide. The risk of developing tuberculosis after primary infection and its severity are higher in children. Proper adherence to antituberculosis treatment is critical for disease control.DesignNonrandomized controlled trial; Phase 1, retrospective (2011–2013), compared with Phase 2, prospective with intervention (2015–2016), in a referral centre for paediatric tuberculosis in Spain (NCT03230409).MethodsA total of 359 patients who received antituberculosis drugs after close contact with a smear‐positive patient (primary chemoprophylaxis) or were treated for latent tuberculosis infection or tuberculosis disease were included, 261 in Phase 1 and 98 in Phase 2.In Phase 2, a new nurse‐led intervention was implemented in all patients and included two educational steps (written information in the child's native language and follow‐up telephone calls) and two monitoring steps (Eidus–Hamilton test and follow‐up questionnaire) that were exclusively carried out by nurses.ResultsAdherence to antituberculosis treatment increased from 74.7% in Phase 1% to 87.8% in Phase 2 (p = 0.014; Chi‐square test), after the implementation of the nurse‐led intervention. In Phase 2, nonadherence was only associated with being born abroad (28.6% vs. 7.8%; p = 0.019; Chi‐square test) and with foreign origin families (27.3% vs. 0%; p < 0.0001; Chi‐square test).ConclusionThe nurse‐led intervention was associated to an increase in adherence to antituberculosis treatment. Immigrant‐related variables remained major risk factors for sub‐optimal adherence in a low‐endemic setting.
Cold/Warm stenothermic freshwater macroinvertebrates along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in Western South America: A modern approach to an old hypothesis with updated data
Authors: Dos Santos Daniel A. , Molineri Carlos , Nieto Carolina , Zuñiga María C. , Emmerich Daniel , Fierro Pablo , Pessacq Pablo , Rios‐Touma Blanca , Márquez Javier , Gomez Daniela , Salles Frederico F. , Encalada Andrea C. , Príncipe Romina , Gómez Graciela C. , Valdovinos Zarges Claudio , Domínguez Eduardo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTraditionally, South American aquatic insects have been divided into cold and warm adapted forms. Cold‐adapted forms inhabit freshwater systems from higher latitudes, or higher altitudes even around the Equator. Warm‐adapted groups are defined as those found in lower latitudes and altitudes. This work aims to answer the questions: Are mayfly assemblages geographically segregated according to geographical (latitude) and topographical (altitude) surrogates of temperature? If so, where is this transition located?LocationSouth America.MethodsWe compiled a data set about the relative incidence of 52 mayfly genera in 326 sampled communities. They span from 0 to 4,320 m and from 47.77° S to 5.74° N latitude. By virtue of the compositional nature of the data set, we applied the statistical procedures behind the Aitchison compositional data analysis. We delimited groups of assemblages based on their Aitchison distances and projected the data points onto a biplot obtained through Principal Component Analysis adjusted to compositions (Aitchison PCA).ResultsA strong correspondence among biological and geographical information was detected, with mayfly assemblages clearly segregated in space. Andesiops and Meridialaris are typical cold‐adapted forms; Baetodes, Leptohyphes and Thraulodes represent the warm group. Thermal groups can be separated by a curved line of altitude in function of latitude expressed in terms of a superellipse arc.Main conclusionsThe classical ecological bipartition of mayflies into warm and cold freshwater groups is formalized quantitatively. The dividing line between warm and cold assemblages levels off at high altitudes (c. 3,300 m) around the Equator and falls to sea level at southern latitudes. The community bipartition line is useful for tracking global change through records of altitudinal displacement below and above of the warm/cold line of involved ecological groups.
Metformin's antitumour and anti‐angiogenic activities are mediated by skewing macrophage polarization
Authors: Wang Ji‐Chang , Sun Xin , Ma Qiang , Fu Gui‐Feng , Cong Long‐Long , Zhang Hong , Fan De‐Fu , Feng Jun , Lu Shao‐Ying , Liu Jian‐Lin , Li Guang‐Yue , Liu Pei‐Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBeneficial effects of metformin on cancer risk and mortality have been proved by epidemiological and clinical studies, thus attracting research interest in elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Recently, tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) appeared to be implicated in metformin‐induced antitumour activities. However, how metformin inhibits TAMs‐induced tumour progression remains ill‐defined. Here, we report that metformin‐induced antitumour and anti‐angiogenic activities were not or only partially contributed by its direct inhibition of functions of tumour and endothelial cells. By skewing TAM polarization from M2‐ to M1‐like phenotype, metformin inhibited both tumour growth and angiogenesis. Depletion of TAMs by clodronate liposomes eliminated M2‐TAMs‐induced angiogenic promotion, while also abrogating M1‐TAMs‐mediated anti‐angiogenesis, thus promoting angiogenesis in tumours from metformin treatment mice. Further in vitro experiments using TAMs‐conditioned medium and a coculture system were performed, which demonstrated an inhibitory effect of metformin on endothelial sprouting and tumour cell proliferation promoted by M2‐polarized RAW264.7 macrophages. Based on these results, metformin‐induced inhibition of tumour growth and angiogenesis is greatly contributed by skewing of TAMs polarization in microenvironment, thus offering therapeutic opportunities for metformin in cancer treatment.
Expanding roles for pectins in plant development
Authors: Saffer Adam M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPectins are complex cell wall polysaccharides important for many aspects of plant development. Recent studies have discovered extensive physical interactions between pectins and other cell wall components, implicating pectins in new molecular functions. Pectins are often localized in spatially‐restricted patterns, and some of these non‐uniform pectin distributions contribute to multiple aspects of plant development, including the morphogenesis of cells and organs. Furthermore, a growing number of mutants affecting cell wall composition have begun to reveal the distinct contributions of different pectins to plant development. This review discusses the interactions of pectins with other cell wall components, the functions of pectins in controlling cellular morphology, and how non‐uniform pectin composition can be an important determinant of developmental processes.
A case of active incomplete biliary cirrhosis in an aged female Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Ryu Bokyeong , Eo Kyung‐Yeon , Jang Ja‐Jun , Kim C‐Yoon , Lee Ji Min , Oh Hanseul , Kim Ukjin , Kim Jin , Lee Hyun‐Ho , Jung Young‐Mok , Park Jae‐Hak 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe describe the first case of biliary cirrhosis in Japanese macaque. Clinical signs had not been detected. The liver was nodular. Histopathologically, portal‐to‐portal pattern of fibrosis might have indicated chronic cholestasis. Fibrotic septa were infiltrated with inflammatory cells. Therefore, this case could be diagnosed as active incomplete biliary cirrhosis.
High‐fluence 1064‐nm Q‐Switched Nd:YAG laser: Safe and effective treatment of café‐au‐lait macules in Asian patients
Authors: Baek Jin Ok , Park Il‐Joong , Lee Kyung Real , Ryu Ha Ryeong , Kim Jeongsoo , Lee Seulki , Kim Yu Ri , Hur Hoon 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectivesCafé‐au‐lait macules (CALMs) are benign cutaneous hyperpigmentary disorders. Usually, laser therapies for cosmetic concerns result in more severe side effects in the people of Asian descent than that of Caucasians. Unfortunately, there is no gold standard for the laser treatment of CALMs in skin of people of Asian descent.To investigate the efficacy and safety of a high‐fluence 1064‐nm Q‐switched neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment of CALMs in Asian patients.Study designThe medical records of 35 Korean patients (age range: 1 to 40 years old, mean age: 18.5 years) diagnosed with isolated CALMs were reviewed retrospectively.MethodsThe patients were treated with a 1064‐nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser. The parameters were a spot size of 7 mm, a fluence of 2.2‐2.4 J/cm2 with a slow single sliding‐stacking pass, and a pulse rate of 10 Hz with a 1‐week interval for 20‐50 sessions.ResultsAt the week of the final treatment, all treated CALMs showed considerable pigmentation removal without any permanent side effects, such as scaring, mottled hypopigmentation and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). All treated CALMs showed more than 50% clinical improvement. No recurrence was observed in any of the patients after 12 months of follow‐up.ConclusionA high‐fluence 1064‐nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser treatment of CALMs in Asian patients is a safe and effective method without side effects and recurrence.