bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dofetilide-Associated QT Prolongation: Total Body Weight Versus Adjusted or Ideal Body Weight for Dosing
Authors: Wang Stephen Y. , Welch Terrence D. , Sangha Rajbir S. , Maloney Robert W. , Cui Zhu , Kaplan Aaron V. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:
Dofetilide is an antiarrhythmic drug with dosing based on the Cockcroft–Gault formula using total body weight (TBW). We investigated the impact of calculating dofetilide dose using adjusted body weight (ABW) or ideal body weight (IBW) on subsequent dose reduction or discontinuation. We conducted a retrospective review of 265 patients admitted to an academic medical center for initiation of dofetilide using TBW. Dosing was recalculated using ABW or IBW. Patients who would have received a reduced dose using ABW or IBW (reduced dose group) were compared with patients whose dose would not have changed (same dose group). Manual measurement of QT intervals was performed. We found that Forty-one of 265 patients (15%) would have received a lower initial dose of dofetilide based on ABW. Patients in this reduced dose group had 2.95 times greater odds of drug discontinuations or dose reductions due to QTc prolongation (95% confidence interval, 1.47–5.90; P < 0.01) compared with the same dose group. Seventy-seven of 265 patients (29%) would have received a lower initial dose of dofetilide based on IBW. Patients in this reduced dose group had 1.78 times greater odds of drug discontinuations or dose reductions due to QTc prolongation (95% confidence interval, 0.98–3.21; P = 0.056) compared with the same dose group. These data suggest that caution should be used when dosing dofetilide using TBW, as it may lead to a greater frequency of dose reduction or discontinuation compared with dosing using ABW or IBW.
The Cognitive Impact of Chronic Diseases on Functional Capacity in Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: KIM JinShil , PARK Eunok , AN Minjeong 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
People with chronic diseases may experience poor cognitive functioning associated with advanced age, progression of disease, or other comorbid chronic conditions. Empirical evidence of this phenomenon is limited despite the clinical relevance of cognitive decline and associated adverse outcomes such as poor physical functioning.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive functioning in the domains of memory, attention, and executive function and its association with functional capacity in a sample of community-dwelling adults with a spectrum of chronic diseases.

Methods:
An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of community-dwelling adults with chronic diseases, including hypertension (58.9%), diabetes mellitus (DM; 20.0%), and dyslipidemia (14.4%). Participants’ mean age was 64.1 ± 11.2 years, and 48.9% were male. Ninety persons completed the face-to-face interviews, which evaluated cognitive functioning in the domains of memory, attention, and executive function using neuropsychological tests and the physical well-being test, which measured functional capacity using the Duke Activity Status Index.

Results:
Compared with those with other chronic diseases, our sample with hypertension and DM had significantly more memory loss and poorer executive function. These significant differences were nullified when adjusting for age, gender, and education. Approximately one third had functional limitations (n = 29, 32.2%), using a cutoff point of 35 or less (Duke Activity Status Index). Memory loss (delayed recall, b = 1.5, p = .016) and poor executive function (Trail Making Test Part A, b = −0.2, p < .001) were predicting factors of functional decline, independent of age, gender, education, and comorbidity.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
Cognitive function, particularly memory and executive function, was poorer among chronically ill Korean adults in the community with hypertension or DM than their counterparts. Functional decline was worse in the presence of memory loss and poor executive function. Studies examining the mechanism by which overall functioning is impacted by cognitive decline and its relevance to functional declines in a larger representative sample are warranted.
Psychometric Properties of an Arabic Version of the Patient Satisfaction With Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire
Authors: ALBASHAYREH Alaa , AL-RAWAJFAH Omar M. , AL-AWAISI Huda , KARKADA Suja , AL SABEI Sulaiman D. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
Quality measurements are crucial to healthcare quality improvement, and patient satisfaction with nursing care is widely adopted as a key outcome indicator of the overall quality of healthcare. There is a lack of instruments to measure patient satisfaction with nursing care in an Arabic context.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an Arabic version of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire and to explore patient satisfaction with nursing care across hospital units.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional, methodological research study. A forward–backward translation process and face and content validation using a panel of experts and a pilot test were used to produce an Arabic version of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire. A convenience sampling technique was employed to recruit 292 adult patients who were hospitalized for more than 48 hours. Data were collected over the first quarter of 2016 using a secure electronic survey method.

Results:
The item-level content validity index ranged from .83 to 1, and the scale-level content validity index was .94. Evidence of construct validity was obtained. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor model that explained 69.3% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the two-factor model fits the observed data. Internal consistency was satisfactory and similar across different hospital units. Cronbach’s alpha estimates for Factors 1 and 2 were .83 and .96, respectively, with an overall Cronbach’s alpha estimate of .96. Level of patient satisfaction with nursing care was quite high (mean = 4.30/5, SD = 0.74).

Conclusions:
This study provides a 17-item, Likert-scaled, self-reporting instrument, which is psychometrically sound for its content, comprehension, readability, and practicality, to measure patient satisfaction with nursing care quality in an Arabic context.
Change of treatment modalities over the last 10 years in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Switzerland
Authors: Guilcher Katharina , Fournier Nicolas , Schoepfer Alain , Schibli Susanne , Spalinger Johannes , Braegger Christian , Nydegger Andreas 
Published: July 2018

Background and aim
During the past decade, several new drugs were approved for the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to evaluate if and how pharmacologic treatment options for pediatric IBD in Switzerland have changed over time.

Patients and methods
Data from the pediatric Swiss IBD Cohort Study, a national prospective cohort study initiated in 2006, were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with IBD diagnosis until 2009 (168 patients) and patients with IBD diagnosis in 2010 and after (210 patients). Both groups were analyzed regarding the past and the current therapies as well as need for surgery.

Results
Overall, 378 pediatric patients with IBD were analyzed, of which 51.9% had Crohn’s disease (CD) and 48.1% had ulcerative colitis/indeterminate colitis. Median age at diagnosis was 12 years. The majority (65.4%) of the patients with ulcerative colitis experienced pancolitis, whereas 45.4% of patients with CD presented with ileocolonic disease at diagnosis. A decreased use of corticosteroids in pediatric patients with CD can be found after 2010 (P=0.041). Use of 5-aminosalicylic acid for patients with CD was dramatically reduced after the year 2010 (33.5 vs. 67.7% after 6 years of disease). A significant shift toward earlier use of biologicals could be shown after 2010 (P<0.001). However, there was no significant decrease of surgery rate after 5 years of disease.

Conclusion
In the past decade, a significant earlier use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents in pediatric patients with IBD was observed with steroid-sparing effect in patients with CD. However, this change was not associated with reduction of surgery.
Newborn Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Through Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Bohrer Denise , Barichello Marcia M. , Viana Carine , Nascimento Paulo C. , Carvalho Leandro M. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and Objectives:Parenteral nutrition (PN) administered to newborns (NB) may be contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and may therefore increase the contact with these toxicants in very early life stages. The aim of the study is to determine to what extent, if any, commercial products for PN are contaminated with PAHs and to determine whether these contaminants, when present in the bag content, are delivered to NB and whether 1‐hydroxypyrene (1‐HP), the pyrene metabolite, can be detected in the urine of exposed NB.Methods:Commercial products and the bags administered to 10 NB during their period in the NICU were analyzed for the 16 priority US Environmental Protection Agency PAHs. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for their 1‐HP content. Urine samples of a control group composed of 8 breastfed NB were also analyzed for the determination of 1‐HP.Results:From 9 different commercial products used to compound PN bags, 6 were contaminated with PAHs, with total concentrations varying from 0.02 to 10.56 mg/L. In the bags administered to the NB, this sum varied from 0.01 to 6.30 mg/L with a mean of 2.62 mg/L. Therefore, for each 100 mL PN, an average load of 0.26 mg PAHs was observed. The majority of the urine samples taken from NB in the study group (80%) contained 1‐HP, but it was not detected in the urine of any baby in the control group.Conclusions:The contamination of PN with PAHs poses a critical toxicological risk. The elevated contaminant concentrations and the parenteral way of administration make this source of PAHs considerably worse than any other, including maternal exposure to environmental pollution or tobacco.
Brief Report: Prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease Is Higher in Persons Living With HIV Compared With Uninfected Controls
Authors: Knudsen Andreas D. , Gelpi Marco , Afzal Shoaib , Ronit Andreas , Roen Ashley , Mocroft Amanda , Lundgren Jens , Nordestgaard Børge , Sillesen Henrik , Lebech Anne-Mette , Køber Lars , Kofoed Klaus F. , Nielsen Susanne D. 
Published: July 2018

Objective:
Ankle–brachial index is an excellent tool for diagnosing peripheral artery disease (PAD). We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for PAD in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared with uninfected controls. We hypothesized that prevalence of PAD would be higher among PLWH than among controls independent of traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Methods:
PLWH aged 40 years and older were recruited from the Copenhagen comorbidity in HIV infection (COCOMO) study. Sex- and age-matched uninfected controls were recruited from the Copenhagen General Population Study. We defined PAD as ankle–brachial index ≤0.9 and assessed risk factors for PAD using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Results:
Among 908 PLWH and 11,106 controls, PAD was detected in 112 [12% confidence interval: (95% 10 to 14)] and 623 [6% (95% 5 to 6)], respectively (P < 0.001), odds ratio = 2.4 (95% 1.9 to 2.9), and adjusted odds ratio = 1.8 (95% 1.3 to 2.3, P < 0.001). Traditional CVD risk factors, but not HIV-related variables, were associated with PAD. The strength of the association between PAD and HIV tended to be higher with older age (P = 0.052, adjusted test for interaction).

Conclusions:
Prevalence of PAD is higher among PLWH compared with uninfected controls, especially among older persons, and remains so after adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors. Our findings expand the evidence base that PLWH have excess arterial disease to also include PAD. The exact biological mechanisms causing this excess risk remain to be elucidated. Until then, focus on management of modifiable traditional risk factors is important.
Trends Over Time for Adolescents Enrolling in HIV Care in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda From 2001–2014
Authors: Apondi Edith , Humphrey John M. , Sang Edwin , Mwangi Ann , Keter Alfred , Musick Beverly S. , Nalugoda Fred K. , Ssali John , Bukusi Elizabeth , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Wools-Kaloustian Kara , Ayaya Samuel 
Published: July 2018

Background:
The data needed to understand the characteristics and outcomes, over time, of adolescents enrolling in HIV care in East Africa are limited.

Setting:
Six HIV care programs in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included individuals enrolling in HIV care as younger adolescents (10–14 years) and older adolescents (15–19 years) from 2001–2014. Descriptive statistics were used to compare groups at enrollment and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation over time. The proportion of adolescents was compared with the total number of individuals aged 10 years and older enrolling over time. Competing-risk analysis was used to estimate 12-month attrition after enrollment/pre-ART initiation; post-ART attrition was estimated by Kaplan–Meier method.

Results:
A total of 6344 adolescents enrolled between 2001 and 2014. The proportion of adolescents enrolling among all individuals increased from 2.5% (2001–2004) to 3.9% (2013–2014, P < 0.0001). At enrollment, median CD4 counts in 2001–2004 compared with 2013–2014 increased for younger (188 vs. 379 cells/mm3, P < 0.0001) and older (225 vs. 427 cells/mm3, P < 0.0001) adolescents. At ART initiation, CD4 counts increased for younger (140 vs. 233 cells/mm3, P < 0.0001) and older (64 vs. 323 cells/mm3, P < 0.0001) adolescents. Twelve-month attrition also increased for all adolescents both after enrollment/pre-ART initiation (4.7% vs. 12.0%, P < 0.001) and post-ART initiation (18.7% vs. 31.2%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Expanding HIV services and ART coverage was likely associated with earlier adolescent enrollment and ART initiation but also with higher attrition rates before and after ART initiation. Interventions are needed to promote retention in care among adolescents.
The pulseless supracondylar humeral fracture: Our experience and a 1-year follow-up
Authors: Delniotis Ioannis , Ktenidis Kiriakos 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND
Although the pulseless supracondylar humeral fracture (SHF) in children is well known in the bibliography, controversy still exists regarding the treatment strategy. The purpose of this study was: (a) to describe our policy with pulseless hands following SHF and (b) evaluate the functional outcome in a 1-year follow-up.

METHODS
During the years 2013 to 2018 in our department, 23 of 210 children with type III SHF presented with a pulseless hand (20 with a PPH and 3 with a cold, pulseless hand). Fracture reduction was attempted in all patients followed by reevaluation of the vascular clinical status (including a Doppler ultrasound).

RESULTS
In PPH, a palpable radial pulse was present in all patients in less than 48 hours after surgery. Closed reduction was able to improve the vascular status in 1 patient with pale pulseless hand but surgical exploration of the brachial artery was performed in the other two patients. A palpable radial pulse was present 24 hours after surgery in these 3 patients. All patients had good/excellent outcomes at 1-year follow-up.

CONCLUSION
With our study, we want to enhance the traditional dogma of “watchful waiting” in pink pulseless hands following SHF, and we believe that it should not be revisited. In pale pulseless hands following SHF, at least one attempt of reduction and fixation of the fracture is recommended. If the pulse does not return or the vascular status does not improve, immediate surgical exploration of the artery is strongly indicated.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Case series prognostic study, level IV.
Prognosis of Periodic and Rhythmic Patterns in Adult and Pediatric Populations
Authors: Lewis Dalila W. , Johnson Emily L. 
Published: July 2018

Summary:
Although electrographic seizures are known to have an outcome on clinical prognosis, the implications of periodic and rhythmic patterns are less clear. The outcomes of adults with these patterns have been reported and are often poor; however, the outcomes in pediatric populations are less well characterized and may be different than in the adult population, as the etiologies of periodic and rhythmic patterns may differ in children and adults. In adults, generalized periodic discharges are highly associated with toxic–metabolic disturbances, infection, and anoxic injury; 30% to 64% of patients have poor outcomes. By contrast, in pediatric patients, generalized periodic discharges are more commonly associated with refractory status epilepticus, with good outcomes in 50% to 77%. The underlying etiology of the periodic or rhythmic pattern has a large influence on overall morbidity and mortality.
PI31 is an adaptor protein for proteasome transport in axons and required for synaptic development and function
Authors: Liu Kai , Jones Sandra , Minis Adi , Rodriguez Jose , Molina Henrik , Steller Hermann 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProtein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is critical for neuronal development, plasticity and function. Neurons utilize microtubule-dependent molecular motors to allocate proteasomes to synapses, but how proteasomes are coupled to motor proteins and how this transport is regulated to meet changing demand for protein breakdown remains largely unknown. We show that the conserved proteasome-binding protein PI31 serves as an adaptor to directly couple proteasomes with dynein light chain proteins (DYNLL1/2). Inactivation of PI31 inhibits proteasome motility in axons and disrupts synaptic protein homeostasis, structure and function. Moreover, phosphorylation of PI31 at a conserved site by p38 MAP kinase promotes binding to DYNLL1/2, and a non-phosphorable PI31 mutant impairs proteasome movement in axons, suggesting a mechanism to regulate loading of proteasomes onto motor proteins. Because mutations affecting PI31 activity are associated with human neurodegenerative diseases, impairment of PI31-mediated axonal transport of proteasomes may be the root cause of these disorders.
Development of a core outcome set for trials on induction of labour: an international multistakeholder Delphi study
Authors: Dos Santos F , Drymiotou S , Antequera Martin A , Mol BW , Gale C , Devane D , van't Hooft J , Johnson MJ , Hogg M , Thangaratinam S 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo develop a set of core outcomes to be minimally reported in trials on induction of labour.DesignTwo‐round Delphi survey and consensus meeting.PopulationFour stakeholder groups: midwives, obstetricians, neonatologists, and women's representatives.MethodsProtocol registered with COMET (Registration Number: 695). Stakeholders rated reported outcomes for importance (1—limited to 9—critical). The median rating of each outcome was calculated. The consensus criteria to include outcomes were as follows: ≥70% participants rated outcomes as critical and <15% rated outcomes as limited importance. Outcomes that did not achieve consensus were taken to round two and, if there was still no consensus, to the final consensus meeting.Main outcome measuresOutcomes in trials of induction of labour.ResultsOf the 159 invited participants, 54% (86/159) completed the first round, and 83% completed the second round (71/86). The core outcome set included 28 core outcomes in four domains: Short‐term maternal outcomes (n = 18)—cardiorespiratory arrest, damage to internal organs, death, haemorrhage, hysterectomy, infection, intensive care admission, length of hospital stay, mode of delivery, need for more than one induction agent, oxytocin augmentation, postnatal depression, pulmonary embolus, satisfaction with care, stroke, time from induction to delivery, uterine hyperstimulation, uterine scar dehiscence/rupture; short‐term offspring outcomes (n = 8)—admission to the neonatal unit, birth trauma, death, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy/need for therapeutic hypothermia, meconium aspiration syndrome, need for respiratory support, infection, and seizures; long‐term maternal outcomes (n = 1)—operative pelvic floor repair; long‐term offspring outcomes (n = 1)—disability including neurodevelopmental delay.ConclusionTrials on induction of labour should include this core outcome set to standardise reporting.Tweetable abstractInternational multistakeholder Delphi study identifies a core outcome set for trials on induction of labour.
Angiotensin II, a stress‐related neuropeptide in the CNS, facilitates micturition reflex in rats
Authors: Shimizu Shogo , Shimizu Takahiro , Nakamura Kumiko , Higashi Youichirou , Saito Motoaki 
Published: July 2018

Background and PurposeWe investigated the effects of centrally administered stress‐related neuropeptide, angiotensin II, on the micturition reflex and the downstream signalling pathways in rats.Experimental ApproachMale Wistar rats were anaesthetized with urethane for cystometry before and after i.c.v. administration of vehicle or angiotensin II (30 pmol). Muscimol (a GABAA receptor agonist) or baclofen (a GABAB receptor agonist) was i.c.v. administered 30 min before or 15 min after central angiotensin II administration. Telmisartan [an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist], valsartan (an AT1 receptor antagonist), PD123319 (an AT2 receptor antagonist), U‐73122 (a PLC inhibitor), chelerythrine chloride (a PKC inhibitor), apocynin (a NADPH oxidase inhibitor) or tempol (an antioxidant) was centrally administered 30 min before central angiotensin II administration.Key ResultsCentrally administered angiotensin II significantly shortened the intercontraction interval and decreased the voided volume and bladder capacity without altering the maximum voiding pressure, post‐voiding residual urine volume or voiding efficacy. Muscimol, baclofen, telmisartan, valsartan, U‐73122, chelerythrine chloride, apocynin or tempol pretreatment significantly suppressed the reduction in intercontraction interval induced by central angiotensin II. Post‐treatment with muscimol or baclofen also ameliorated the decrease in intercontraction interval induced by central angiotensin II.Conclusions and ImplicationsAngiotensin II in the CNS facilitates micturition reflex by inhibiting central GABAergic activity and activating the AT1 receptor/PLC/PKC/NADPH oxidase/superoxide anion pathway.