bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confirmatory analysis and normative tables for the Brazilian Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social–Emotional
Authors: Anunciação Luis , Squires Jane , Clifford Jantina , Landeira‐Fernandez J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn Brazil, large‐scale governmental programmes have been implemented to evaluate the development of all children who are enrolled in public daycare centres and preschools using the Brazilian Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social–Emotional (ASQ:SE) as a screening tool. However, in the Brazilian context, there is a lack of studies that have investigated the clinical utility of the ASQ:SE, and only a few studies have partially investigated the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of this scale.ObjectivesThe present study had two aims: (a) to develop reference norms for the ASQ:SE to help professionals screen child development and because the psychometric properties of the ASQ:SE have only been partially examined, (b) to confirm its factorial structure within a multidimensional item response theory framework.MethodsThe sample size was 54,570 children (53% males, 1–5 years old) who were enrolled in Brazilian public daycare centres and preschools and assessed in 2011. The results allowed the development of reference norms for all age intervals by considering raw scores at the 95th percentile as “monitoring zone” and scores at the 99th percentile as “refer child for further evaluation.” Samejima's graded response model was employed, and its fit was checked by the root mean squared error of approximation.ResultsThe results were ≤0.08, indicating sufficient fit for the two‐factor structure. The raw results were 70 and 99.75 (12 months), 75 and 100 (18 months), 70 and 100 (24 months), 85 and 120 (30 months), 90 and 130 (36 months), 95 and 135 (48 months), and 110 and 150 (60 months) for monitoring zone and to refer the child for further evaluation.DiscussionEarly identification is the initial stage in this early identification process, thus allowing for referral or intervention. This study may help identify children with developmental delays.
Filtered Quadrics for High‐Speed Geometry Smoothing and Clustering
Authors: Legrand Hélène , Thiery Jean‐Marc , Boubekeur Tamy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractModern 3D capture pipelines produce dense surface meshes at high speed, which challenge geometric operators to process such massive data on‐the‐fly. In particular, aiming at instantaneous feature‐preserving smoothing and clustering disqualifies global variational optimizers and one usually relies on high‐performance parallel kernels based on simple measures performed on the positions and normal vectors associated with the surface vertices. Although these operators are effective on small supports, they fail at properly capturing larger scale surface structures. To cope with this problem, we propose to enrich the surface representation with filtered quadrics, a compact and discriminating range space to guide processing. Compared to normal‐based approaches, this additional vertex attribute significantly improves feature preservation for fast bilateral filtering and mode‐seeking clustering, while exhibiting a linear memory cost in the number of vertices and retaining the simplicity of convolutional filters. In particular, the overall performance of our approach stems from its natural compatibility with modern fine‐grained parallel computing architectures such as graphics processor units (GPU). As a result, filtered quadrics offer a superior ability to handle a broad spectrum of frequencies and preserve large salient structures, delivering meshes on‐the‐fly for interactive and streaming applications, as well as quickly processing large data collections, instrumental in learning‐based geometry analysis.
Herbivore‐induced plants do not affect oviposition but do affect fitness of subsequent herbivores on canola
Authors: Weeraddana Chaminda De Silva , Evenden Maya L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is oligophagous on plants in the Brassicaceae, and is considered one of the most significant insect pests of canola (Brassica napus L.), a major oilseed crop grown in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. The bertha armyworm (BAW), Mamestra configurata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a generalist herbivore that preferentially feeds on canola plants. In the canola growing season in the Prairie Provinces of Canada, DBM feeding occurs prior to BAW herbivory. In this study, we test the effect of DBM herbivory on subsequent host use by BAW. Oviposition by female BAW was not influenced by previous DBM‐herbivory or mechanical damage of canola plants. Bertha armyworm larvae were deterred from feeding on canola previously damaged by DBM and larvae developed into lighter pupae when reared on DBM‐damaged plants. Bertha armyworm pupae that developed from larvae fed on mechanically damaged plants had similar pupal weights to those fed undamaged plants. Adult BAW reared on canola with previous DBM feeding damage had marginally smaller wings than moths reared on canola treated differently. The combination of these results suggests that herbivory by the brassicaceous specialist, DBM, negatively influences host use and larval performance by the generalist, BAW, on canola.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of fish community structure during watershed alteration in two Ouachita River systems
Authors: Burgad Aaron A. , Adams Ginny L. , Adams Reid 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFish community composition is highly dynamic, but generally exhibits loose equilibrium within bounds of community structure in upland stream systems with minimal anthropogenic disturbance. Chronic anthropogenic disturbance can exceed ecological thresholds and shift fish community composition to an alternative state. Therefore, long‐term datasets are critical to understand spatiotemporal dynamics of fish community structure. We quantified temporal changes in fish communities in two Ouachita River systems during watershed alteration (i.e., development and reservoir construction) using a suite of multivariate and univariate analyses to assess changes in fish community structure and taxonomic and functional β‐diversity. We found fish community composition shifted in the Saline River basin possibly in response to human disturbance (e.g., development) and hydrologic variability. Furthermore, functional homogenisation occurred through time. In the Ouachita Headwaters basin, taxonomic homogenisation was evident and two fluvial specialists were not detected during the current period. Taxonomic and functional β‐diversity patterns were not consistent across basins demonstrating the complexity of biotic homogenisation. Our retrospective analyses showed human activities played a role in restructuring fish communities despite minimal invasion of exotic species. Ultimately, our study characterised fish community structure across snapshots of time and demonstrates the importance of increasing the frequency of sampling intervals and continuing long‐term collections with similar methods to enhance the understanding of community dynamics.
Spatial and temporal variation in otolith chemistry and its relationship with water chemistry: Stock discrimination of Sperata aor
Authors: Nazir Aafaq , Khan Mohammad Afzal 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLong‐whiskered catfish, Sperata aor (Hamilton 1822), is commercially important in food, ornamental and sport fisheries. The fish is mainly caught from the wild populations because its aquaculture practices are not commercialised. Inland fishery in the Ganga basin is mostly unorganised; hence, no published report is available on the trend of S. aor production from the selected habitat. In India, S. aor has been categorised vulnerable mainly due to natural and anthropogenic threats. Otolith chemistry shows variation with changing physico‐chemical conditions of the fish habitat. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the objective to analyse spatio‐temporal variations in water chemistry in relation to environmental factors; relationship between water and otolith chemistry; and spatio‐temporal variations in otolith chemistry to discriminate the stocks of S. aor inhabiting the River Ganga. Most of the element: Ca ratios in water samples did not show significant correlations with environmental factors, viz. temperature and conductivity. Only few element: Ca concentrations in otoliths were positively correlated to their corresponding ratios in the ambient water. In the selected study area, the S. aor populations were discriminated into four stocks possibly because of heterogeneous water chemistry at the sampling sites, and physical barriers. In the present study, otolith chemistry showed relatively low temporal variability as compared to spatial variability; thus, the classification accuracy of individuals to their original populations remained consistent over the selected time period. The findings could be useful in devising scientifically sound management strategies and/or any conservation plans for the vulnerable S. aor populations inhabiting the River Ganga.
Between fairness and fear—Dental undergraduates’ attitudes towards objective structured clinical examinations
Authors: Puryer James , Neville Patricia , Fowler Ellayne 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionObjective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are an established method of assessment for dental undergraduates. There is little published dental education research exploring the views of undergraduates towards OSCEs.AimTo explore and describe the views of dental undergraduates towards OSCEs.MethodA sequential mixed methods design was applied. This included a cross‐sectional survey of all 204 dental undergraduates in Years 2, 3 and 4 within a UK dental school using an anonymous self‐report online questionnaire (response rate 57%), which was followed by two focus group interviews of n = 10 Year‐2 students.ResultsMost students gave positive views regarding the OSCE form of assessment. Questionnaire data highlighted that students felt that the OSCE tested their diagnostic, clinical and communication skills, and covered a wide range of skills and disciplines. Students also generally saw them as a useful educational exercise that went beyond testing recall of facts. Most students thought that the OSCEs were “fair” assessments. Negative views focused around student lack of preparation for them, especially in earlier years. Focus group data explored further these concerns but also emphasised the need for more student‐centred support pre‐OSCE.ConclusionObjective structured clinical examinations can be an anxiety‐inspiring form of assessment for students in the early years of the programme. Dental educators need to be more aware of these concerns to develop strategies to increase student preparedness for OSCEs without increasing stress.
Deep soil flipping increases carbon stocks of New Zealand grasslands
Authors: Schiedung Marcus , Tregurtha Craig S. , Beare Michael H. , Thomas Steve M. , Don Axel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) has been recognized as an opportunity to off‐set global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Flipping (full inversion to 1–3 m) is a practice used on New Zealand's South Island West Coast to eliminate water‐logging in highly podzolized sandy soils. Flipping results in burial of SOC formed in surface soil horizons into the subsoil and the transfer of subsoil material low in SOC to the “new” topsoil. The aims of this study were to quantify changes in the storage and stability of SOC over a 20‐year period following flipping of high‐productive pasture grassland. Topsoils (0–30 cm) from sites representing a chronosequence of flipping (3–20 years old) were sampled (2005/07) and re‐sampled (2017) to assess changes in topsoil carbon stocks. Deeper samples (30–150 cm) were also collected (2017) to evaluate the changes in stocks of SOC previously buried by flipping. Density fractionation was used to determine SOC stability in recent and buried topsoils. Total SOC stocks (0–150 cm) increased significantly by 69 ± 15% (179 ± 40 Mg SOC ha‐1) over 20 years following flipping. Topsoil burial caused a one‐time sequestration of 160 ± 14 Mg SOC ha‐1 (30–150 cm). The top 0–30 cm accumulated 3.6 Mg SOC ha‐1 year‐1. The chronosequence and re‐sampling revealed SOC accumulation rates of 1.2–1.8 Mg SOC ha‐1 year‐1 in the new surface soil (0–15 cm) and a SOC deficit of 36 ± 5% after 20 years. Flipped subsoils contained up to 32% labile SOC (compared to <1% in un‐flipped subsoils) thus buried SOC was preserved. This study confirms that burial of SOC and the exposure of SOC depleted subsoil results in an overall increase of SOC stocks of the whole soil profile and long‐term SOC preservation.
Spatial patterns and determinants of trait dispersion in freshwater fish assemblages across Europe
Authors: Côte Jessica , Kuczynski Lucie , Grenouillet Gaël 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimUnderstanding how species assemble into assemblages and identifying the determinants of assembly processes remains a key challenge in ecology. Within assemblages, functional trait dispersion can be used to infer assembly processes, but this inference could depend on the trait considered. Here, using both single and multiple trait‐based approaches, we analysed dispersion patterns for alpha (i.e., related to niche partitioning) and beta (i.e., related to environmental tolerance) traits in freshwater fish assemblages and characterized how trait dispersion patterns vary along environmental gradients at large spatial scale.LocationWestern Palaearctic, 290 river catchments.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedFreshwater fish.MethodsBased on freshwater fish occurrence records in 290 European river catchments, we computed dispersion indices (mean pairwise distance) using standardized effect sizes for each single trait and multiple traits. We then used linear models including climatic, geo‐morphological, biotic and human‐related factors to determine the key drivers shaping freshwater fish dispersion patterns across Europe.ResultsWe highlighted spatial variation in trait dispersion, with both underdispersion and overdispersion simultaneously observed for a given trait, but also distinct patterns of trait dispersion, even within beta and alpha traits. We provided evidence that elevation range and current and past climatic conditions mainly structured trait dispersion patterns. Finally, our results revealed that spatial patterns in trait dispersion based on multiple traits were less pronounced than those based on individual traits.Main conclusionsOur results highlighted that traits showed different spatial and environmental patterns, reflecting different ecological patterns. This could lead to potential problems when using functional indices computed on multiple traits and challenges their relevance to describe diversity patterns and to infer the assembly processes shaping community structure.
Codetermination, Price Competition and the Network Industry
Authors: Fanti Luciano , Gori Luca 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This research develops a tractable two-stage non-cooperative game with complete information describing the behaviour of price-setting firms that must choose to be profit maximisers or bargainers under codetermination in a network industry with horizontal product differentiation. The existing theoretical literature has already shown that codetermination might arise as the endogenous market outcome in a strategic competitive quantity-setting duopoly. In sharp contrast with this result, the present article shows that codetermination does never emerge as a Nash equilibrium in a price-setting non-network duopoly. Then, it aims at highlighting the role of network externalities in determining changes of paradigm of the game and letting codetermination become a sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium when prices are strategic substitutes or strategic complements. This equilibrium may be Pareto efficient. Results allow distinguishing between mandatory codetermination and voluntary codetermination. The article also proposes a model of endogenous codetermination according to which every firm may choose to bargain with its own corresponding union bargaining unit only whether the firm’s bargaining strength is exactly the profit-maximising one. The equilibrium outcomes emerging in this case range from a uniform Nash equilibrium, in which both firms are codetermined, to mixed Nash equilibria, in which only one of them chooses to be codetermined. These results are ‘network depending’ and do not hold in a non-network duopoly.
Neuromuscular control during gait in people with haemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Cruz‐Montecinos Carlos , Pérez‐Alenda Sofía , Cerda Mauricio , Maas Huub 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionEffects of haemophilic arthropathy on neuromuscular control during gait are currently unknown.Aims(a) To assess how haemophilic arthropathy affects the complexity of neuromuscular control during gait; (b) To investigate the relationship between complexity of neuromuscular control and joint impairment.MethodsThirteen control subjects (CG) walked overground at their preferred and a slow velocity and thirteen people with haemophilic arthropathy (PWHA) walking at their preferred velocity. Surface electromyography (EMG) was collected from eleven leg muscles. Electromyography variance explained by muscle synergies (sets of co‐activated muscles that can be recruited by a single signal) was calculated by the total variance accounted (tVAF). Three measures were used to evaluate complexity of neuromuscular control: (a) the number of synergies required for tVAF > 90%, (b) tVAF as a function of the number of muscle synergies, and (c) the dynamic motor control index (Walk‐DMC). Impairment of ankle and knee joints was determined by the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS).ResultsThe same number of the muscle synergies was found for each group (P > 0.05). For both walking velocities tested, tVAF1 was higher in PHWA (P < 0.05). The Walk‐DMC of PWHA was lower than that of the CG for both walking velocities (P < 0.05). For PWHA, no significant correlation was found between HJHS (sum knee and ankle) and Walk‐DMC index (r = −0.32, P = 0.28).ConclusionsThese results indicate differences between PWHA and CG in the neuromuscular control of gait. The Walk‐DMC and tVAF1 may be useful measures to assess changes in neuromuscular control in response to treatment.
Mycobacterium fortuitum infection of a hemodialysis catheter in a pediatric patient
Authors: Morgans Heather A. , Mallett Kathleen F. , Sebestyen Vansickle Judith F. , Warady Bradley A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis case report discusses a pediatric patient who developed a hemodialysis catheter line infection from an uncommon etiology, Mycobacterium fortuitum. The initial presentation revealed a well appearing patient with a slow growing skin lesion near the site of the hemodialysis catheter. The treatment course was complicated by resistance to initial antibiotics leading to continued spread of the lesion. The diagnosis was confirmed via skin biopsy of the lesion that required 2 weeks to grow the atypical Mycobacterium. Treatment was successful after hemodialysis catheter removal, transition to peritoneal dialysis, and a prolonged antibiotic course. Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rare cause of dialysis catheter infections that is resistant to standard antibiotic treatment. Treatment success is improved after removal of the dialysis catheter and prolonged antibiotics based on susceptibilities. This case highlights the importance of keeping atypical Mycobacterium in the differential for patients with slow growing skin lesions near dialysis catheter sites with resistance to initial treatment.
CaZrTi2O7 zirconolite synthesis: From ceramic to glass‐ceramic
Authors: Kong Linggen , Karatchevtseva Inna , Chironi Ilkay , Wei Tao , Zhang Yingjie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe formation of CaZrTi2O7 zirconolite and its crystallization in sodium alumino‐borosilicate glass has been investigated via sintering in air. The ceramic precursor is prepared using a soft chemistry route to ensure ultimate mixing of the reactants at the molecular level. A nearly phase pure CaZrTi2O7 zirconolite is formed after sintering the ceramic precursor at 1400°C for 12 hours. In order to form zirconolite glass‐ceramics, various processing conditions are investigated including sintering temperatures, different glass composition precursors, and ceramic to glass weight ratios. Zirconolite crystallization on the surface and inside of glass‐ceramic‐pelletized samples is investigated. Higher ceramic to glass weight ratio leads to the formation of zirconolite as crystalline phase, which is quite dominant in glass.
Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure, properties, and crushing behavior of ceramic proppants
Authors: Ma Haiqiang , Tian Yuming , Li Guomin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCeramic proppants with excellent performance were successfully prepared by second grade bauxite. The phase structure and the microstructure were investigated via X‐Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results suggested that bulk density and apparent density constantly increased, while the breakage ratio gradually decreased with the increasing in sintering temperature. When the sintering temperature reached to 1500°C, the breakage ratio obtained lowest value of 3.6% under 52 MPa closed pressure, which satisfied the requirement of Chinese Petroleum and Gas Industry standard. Furthermore, the mode of fracture for ceramic proppants was transformed from intergranular fracture into transgranular fracture and open pores had larger influence than closed pores for breakage ratio of ceramic proppants.
Approaches to palliative oxygen therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multi‐national survey of specialists
Authors: Smallwood Natasha , Currow David , Booth Sara , Spathis Anna , Irving Louis , Philip Jennifer 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs palliative oxygen therapy (POT) is beneficial only to a minority of patients with chronic breathlessness, it is no longer routinely recommended. This multi‐national, online survey of respiratory and palliative medicine specialists, with 440 participants, identified that prescription of POT has decreased over the past decade; however a sizeable proportion of doctors, particularly within palliative care, still support and recommend POT. Further education and research regarding the optimal management of chronic breathlessness are required.