bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homologies in Nucleotide Sequences of RNA-Phages Qβ and R17
Authors: Köhler Erich , Rohloff Hartwig 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Statistical calculations on sequence homologies provide evidence that the two phages Qβ and R17 have derived from a common precursor, although they are quite different in several properties. Moreover, duplications within the genom of each phage have occurred. These results are discussed with regard to the lack of translational repression between Qβ and MS2 phage group.
Synthese einer partialsequenz aus dem aktiven zentrum der streptokokken-protease (ec 3.4.22.10), iv / Synthesis of a fragment of the active center of the streptococcal proteinase, iv
Authors: Schaich Eugen , Schneider Friedhelm 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The synthesis of the protected peptide Boc-His-Cys (M Bzl)-Val-Ala-Thr-Ala-N2H3 (OH) is de­ scribed. This peptide is a fragment of an active center sequence of the streptococcal proteinase (EC 3.4.22.10) containing the essential SH-group of the enzyme
Synthesis and Characterisation of Acyl Coenzyme A Derivatives of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Johns N 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Acyl CoA derivatives of a number of cinnamic and benzoic acids have been synthesised via the appropriate acyl phenyl thiol esters. The reaction has potential application in the preparation of acyl CoA derivatives of radiolabelled aromatic carboxylic acids. UV absorption spectra have been determined for the CoA thiol esters following their purification by gel permeation chromato­ graphy. By comparison of the extinction in the the hydroxamate assay of Lipman and Tuttle, extinction coefficients for the series
Parakristallite in nativem Kollagen / Paracrystals in Native Collagen
Authors: Dreißig W , Hosemann R , Nemetschek Th 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
From X-ray photographs informations are derived in the region between small angle and wide angle scattering about the quaiternary structure of the biopolymere collagen. A splitting of the equatorial and meridional reflections implies a unit cell with lattice parameters α = 38.2 Å and b - 34.9 Å tilted around the b-axis by 3.5°. However, there exists no crystallographic lattice, but the single protofibrils build up this lattice only as a statistical average. Thisu causes a slight dis­ placement of the reflections of the third order against their ideal positions. Introducing moreover paracrystallinie distortions a comparison of the Fraunhofer-pattern of this model with the experi­ mental results shows a good agreement
Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron Transport by Azaphenanthrenes
Authors: Oettmeier Walter , Grewe Rolf 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Various mono-and diazaphenanthrenes were prepared and assayed for their activity as inhibi­tors of photosynthetic electron flow in isolated chloroplasts in order to get more insight into the mechanism of action of the well known inhibitor o-phenanthroline = 1,10-diazaphenanthrene. The results show that 1-, 4-and 5-azaphenanthrene are only slightly less active than 1,10-diazaphen-anthrene. In the case of the different diazaphenanthrenes, 1,4-, 1,7-and 5,6-diazaphenanthrene exhibited somewhat lower activity than 1,10-diaphenanthrene, whereas 2,9-and 4,7-diazaphen-anthrene were completely inactive. Substitution at C-atoms of 1,10-diazaphenanthrene leads to an increase in activity in the case of the 4-and 7-position, regardless of electropositive or electro­ negative substituents, whereas substitution at the 2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, 8-and 9-position leads to a de­ creased activity. The ability of 1,10-diazaphenanthrene to form iron complexes seems to be of little relevance to the inhibitory activity on photosynthetic electron transport. This follows also from the fact that other strong iron complexing agens, like 2.2'-bipyridine or 8-hydroxyquinoline, are not inhibitory
The Absolute Sensitivity of Lens and Compound Eyes
Authors: Kirschfeld Kuno 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The numbers of light quanta available to photoreceptors of lens-and different types of com­ pound eyes are calculated on the basis of photometric considerations. It is shown that the results depend upon the situation in the optical environment: For point-like lightsources such as stars receptors in compound eyes generally receive considerably less numbers of light quanta compared n. g. with the human eye. This is due to the small sizes of the ommatidial facets. For extended optical surroundings, however, the numbers of quanta reaching the receptors in typical insect compound eyes of the apposition type are comparable to those in the human eye. In this respect the optical superposition eye of nocturnal insects like E ph estia is an exceptional case, where there is an improvement in the numbers of quanta reaching the receptors by a factor 100 to 1000 com­ pared to the eyes of bee or man
Einfluß verschiedener Medikamente auf die Bindung von Schilddrüsenhormonen an Lebermitochondrien / Influence of Various Drugs on the Adsorption of Thyroid Hormones to Liver Mitochondria
Authors: Wahl Richard , Kallee Ekkehard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
1. [131I] ʟ-thyroxine (T4) or [131I] ʟ-triiodothyronine (T3) was added in 50 pᴍ - 25 nᴍ and 26 pᴍ -132 nᴍ concentrations to suspensions of rat liver mitochondria. In distribution equilibria between soluble proteins and mitochondria the adsorption of the thyroid hormones to the mito­ chondria followed an approximately linear function when the radioactive hormones were added within the range of physiological concentrations. At identical protein concentrations T3 was ad­sorbed to the mitochondria one tenth more strongly than T4 when neither serum proteins nor cell sap had been added. The adsorption of both T3 and T4 to mitochondria and soluble proteins is reversible. The distribution of the thyroid hormones between organelles and soluble proteins depends on the ratio of the protein concentration in the sedimented mitochondria to the protein concentration in the supernate after centrifugation. The desorption of T3 and T4 from the mito­ chondria by soluble proteins, however, represents no linear function.
2. The distribution equilibria of simultaneously added 131I -T4 and 125I -T3 can be shifted by certain drugs. Chlorpromazin and dinitrophenol displaced the thyroid hormones from their binding to soluble proteins onto the mitochondria. Vice versa, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, brom-sulfalein and silymarin displaced the hormones from the mitochondria more strongly than from soluble proteins. Sodium oleate displaced the hormones in both directions. Minor shifting effects or none at all could be detected when several other drugs were used. The described procedure apparently yields new information on some effects of drug action
The Furocoumarin Photosensitizing Effect on the Virus-producing Graffi Leukaemia Cells
Authors: Bordin F. , Baccichetti F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The irradiation at 365 nm in the presence of the skin-photosensitizing furocoumarins of Graffi leukaemia cells, producers of an oncogenic RNA virus, determines the arrest of cell duplication and of the synthesis of the nucleic acids; the virus, on the other hand, remains equally oncogenic for newborn mice and still capable of reproduction
Origin of the ATP Formed during the Light-Dependent Oxygen Uptake Catalyzed by Rhodospirillum rubrum Chromatophores
Authors: Del Valle-Tascón Secundino , Ramírez Juan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The oxygen uptake which is observed when Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores are illuminated under air and in the presence of reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP), 2,3,5,6-tetra-methyl-p-phenylenediamine (diaminodurene, DAD) or N,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMDP) depends on the electron-donor concentration according to the equation of Michaelis-Menten. The apparent Km for the donor is lowered by the electron-transfer inhibitor 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) which causes therefore a stimulation of the rate of the reaction at non-saturating concentrations of the donors. In contrast, the ATP formation which takes place simultaneously to oxygen uptake does not show an enzyme-like dependence on donor concentration. Moreover it is inhibited by HQNO to a variable extent, depending on the particular donor present and on its concentration. Therefore it appears that the HQNO-sensitive phosphorylation is coupled to a cyclic flow which coexists and competes with the non-cyclic flow from donor to oxygen.
In the presence of HQNO, substrates and uncouplers of ATP formation accelerate somewhat the rate of the oxygen uptake supported by reduced DCIP and DAD. Thus part of the HQNO-resistant phosphorylation seems to be associated with the non-cyclic flow from those two donors to oxygen. The lack of stimulation by phosphorylation or by uncoupling of the TMPD-supported oxygen uptake does not permit a conclusion as to whether this reaction is coupled to ATP forma­ tion or not.
Another part of the HQNO-resistant ATP formation is independent of the presence of oxygen and appears to be associated to cyclic flows which bypass the HQNO site. This type of phosphorylation is most important in the presence of TMPD.
Influence of Zeatin and Gibberellin on Adenosine-3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate Levels of Impatiens Leaves
Authors: Kull U. , Kühn B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The content of adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in leaves of Impatiens sultani Hook, was measured by a protein-binding assay. A preceding administration of the natural cyto­ kinin zeatin causes a diminution of the cAMP level. Administration of gibberellin (GA3) does not bring about any variations. There is no indication that cAMP is acting as a secondary messenger of either phytohormone. Theophylline does not increase the content of cAMP found in the leaves.
A Theoretical Consideration how to Study Bio ­ chemical Interfacial Photoreactions
Authors: Trissl H.-W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A theoretical calculation for quantitative analysis of photoreactions in membrane interfaces is described. The method utilizes the photovoltage arising by the illumination of a pigmented mem brane. Since the water-soluble substrate is only added to one side of the membrane an electrical double layer is produced. The corresponding photovoltage is quantified by the Gouy-Chapman theory. A possibility to investigate non-isotropic effects is discussed.
The Effect of Calcium and Phosphate on the Biphasic Calcium Uptake by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Ermier Pierre , Hasselbach Wilhelm 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The amplitude of the fast uptake and the initial rate of the slow uptake increase with in­ creasing free calcium concentrations, up to 30 μᴍ. In that range, both processes are correlated to each other. At higher concentrations, the slow uptake is more inhibited than the fast uptake. The fast uptake shows a maximum amplitude which remains unchanged in the presence of phosphate. The slow uptake leads to a nearly complete depletion of the external calcium, and its rate is proportional to the phosphate concentration, even at physiological range. The sarcoplasmic ATPase liberates inorganic phosphate and the slow uptake
Characterization of Different Deoxyribonucleases in Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Zöllner E. Jürgen , Störger Hans , Breter Hans-Joachim , Zahn Rudolf 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Deoxyribonucleases, Disc Electrophoresis, Lymphocytes Four groups of deoxyribonuclease activities from human lymphocytes have been characterized by deoxyribonuclease assay in DNA-containing polyacrylamide gels following their separation by disc-electrophoresis. All activities hydrolyse DNA endonucleolytically. One neutral deoxyribo­ nuclease found in the cytoplasmic fraction prefers native or UV-irradiated DNA over denatured DNA as substrate and is a 5′-monoester former. Two groups of acid deoxyribonuclease activities are detectable in the nuclear fraction. Both are 3′-monoester formers. One is as well active with denatured DNA as with native DNA, the other one shows the same activity with native and UV-irradiated DNA but lower activity with denatured DNA. An alkaline deoxyribonuclease activity, also localized in the nucleus, is a 5′ -monoester DNA as substrate.
Notizen: Nachweis von 2.5.7.3′.4′-Pentahydroxy-flavanon- 5-glucosid in den Samen von Galega officinalis L. (Fabaceae) / Detection of 2,5,7,3′,4′-Pentahydroxy-flavanone-5- glucoside in the Seeds of Galega officinalis L. (Fabaceae)
Authors: Traub Armin , Geiger Hans 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A mixture of 2,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxy-flavanone-5-glucoside and its tautomers has been isolated from the seed of Galega officinalis L.; its constitution is prooved by conversion to luteoline-5-glucoside.
Phospholipids and ATPase Activity of Wild-Type and ATPase Deficient and Uncoupled Mutants of E. coli
Authors: Ahlers Jan , Günther Theodor , Peter Horst 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Phospholipids, ATPase, E. coli, Mutants The ATPase activities and the amounts of individual phospholipids in E. coli wild types B 163 and ML-308-225 as well as in the mutants AN 120, DL 54 and etc-15 have been examined. The ATPase activities and the amount of cardiolipin are higher in the stationary phase than in the log phase, whereas the amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine are lower in the stationary phase. The decreased ATPase activity of the mutants is not due to an altered phospholipid composition.
The Effect of Org. GB 94, Imipramine and Chlorpromazine on the Concentrations of Some Amino Acids in 9 Regions of the Rat Brain
Authors: Leonard B. E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The concentrations of 11 amino acids were determined in 9 regions of the rat brain following the acute administration of the antidepressant drugs imipramine and Org. GB94, and chlorpromazine. The amino acids were determined as their dansyl derivatives. Unequivocal changes were only found in the concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid, alanine, asparagine + glutamine, glycine and taurine in some brain regions. Chlorpromazine produced the greatest change in these amino acids. Imipramine and Org. GB94 had qualitatively different effects on the concentrations of the amino acids in the 9 brain regions.
The Organization of the Lamina ganglionaris of the Bee
Authors: Ribi Willi A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Bee, Vision, First Optic Ganglion The lamina ganglionaris of the bee contains the first synaptic region in the optic tract. The nine retinula cells of one visual unit (ommatidium) either end in the lamina as short visual fibres or end as long visual fibres in the second optic ganglion (medulla). Each axon bundle of nine fibres from one ommatidium is associated with four different second order neurons (L-fibres) to form a single lamina cartridge. Processes of additional fibres invade single groups of cartridges.
2-Anilino-1.3.4-thiadiazole, Hemmstoffe der oxidativen und photosynthetischen Phosphorylierung
Authors: Schäfer G. , Trebst A. , Büchel K. H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
2-anilino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles carrying various substituents in the 5-position as well as in the benzene-ring were synthesized.
The compounds were tested with rat-liver-mitochondria and with spinach-chloroplasts and revealed to be potent uncouplers of both, oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation, with p I50-values rangeing from 6.79 to 4.05. At higher concentration all compounds are inhibitors of the Hillreaction.
In mitochondria a fair correlation exists between pKa of the acidic NH-group and the uncoupling activity; a maximum is obtained around pKa= 6 .8 , whereas in chloroplasts activity is shifted to more acid pKa-values.
The compounds meet the requirements for uncouplers according to the chemi-osmotic theory, being lipophilic weak acids. N-methylation causes total loss of activity in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
The inhibitory action on photosynthetic electron transport is located within photosystem II. This latter activity is almost independent of substituent effects in contrast to uncoupling of either respiratory- or photo-phosphorylation
Einfluß trägergebundener Ribonuclease auf die zellfreie Proteinsynthese im Weizensystem / Influence of Immobilized Ribonuclease on the Cell-free Protein Synthesis in the Wheat System
Authors: Kern Hartmut 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In order to increase the efficiency of different mRNAs from wheat seedlings in carrying out cell-free protein synthesis in the wheat system, efforts were made to remove endogenous mRNA. In this direction, we checked the possibility of using immobilized RNAase. Treatment of the cellfree system or its components with this enzyme caused a large decrease in the efficiency of poly Udirected incorporation of labeled amino acids. This effect did not coincide with an equivalent degradation of RNA, as has been shown by analysis of ribosomes and polysomes. The results are discussed in the light of recent findings of some authors
Carotinoide der Porter-Lincoln-Reihe in Anthurus archeri (Clathraceae; Basidiom ycetales; Mycophyta) / Carotenoids of the Porter-Lincoln-Series in Anthurus archeri (Clathraceae; Basidiomycetales; Mycophyta)
Authors: Czygan Franz-C , Grünsfelder Maria 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Carotenoids, Porter-Lincoln-Series, Anthurus, Fungi From different phases of development of the fungus A nthurus archeri carotenoids of the Porter-Lincoln-series (phytoene, phytofluene, β-carotene, neurosporene, and lycopene) have been isolated.
Digital Computer Analysis of Electrophoresis and Ultracentrifugation Patterns by a Sum of Gaussian-like Distributions
Authors: Tränkle E 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Computer Analysis, Electrophoresis, Ultracentrifugation A Gaussian-like distribution function with three additional parameters is introduced which describes well the electrophoresis patterns of albumin, prealbumin and transferrin. Electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation patterns with 10-15 overlapping peaks are analyzed by means of the FORTRAN-program DIANA. One obtains the (relative) areas, positions and widths of the peaks. The analysis of a series of patterns proceeds in an automated way after the number of molecular components as well as starting values of the positions and the widths have been chosen in a test period.
Chemical Syntheses and Properties of Hydroxycinnamoyl- Coenzyme A Derivatives
Authors: Stöekigt J. , Zenk M. H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Coenzyme A Thiol Esters, Cinnamic Acids Acyl-CoA derivatives of several hydroxylated cinnamic acids have been synthesized in 30 to 50% yield via a. acyl phenyl thiol esters, b. acyl N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, and c. glucocinnamoyl derivatives. Properties of the intermediates have been determined. The cinnamyol-CoA thiol esters were characterized by their chromatographic behaviour and UV spectra. The molar extinction coefficients of these important intermediates in plant phenylpropane metabolism have been unequivocally determined. Recently published values13 for the molar extinction coefficients of these derivatives are incorrect; the methodological reason for this error has been established.
Michaelis-Konstanten von Neuraminidasen bei pathogenen und apathogenen Mikroorganismen / Michaelis Constants of Neuraminidases of Pathogenic and Apathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: Müller Hans E. , Nicolai Hubertus von , Zilliken Fritz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Km-values of neuraminidases from different pathogenic and apathogenic microorganisms have been determined on low and high molecular substrates. The substrate specificity and the affinity to the different types of substrates in relation to the pathogenicity of the microorganisms are discussed.
Studies on the Chemistry of Lichens, IVX. Chemical Investigation of the Lichen Species Anaptychia fusca, Peltigera canina, and Omphalodiscus spodochrous
Authors: Solberg Yngve 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The three lichen species Anaptychia fusca, Peltigera canina, and Omphalodiscus spodochrous have been studied with regard to their chemical content. Atranorin, gyrophoric acid, tenuiorin, allantoin, taurine, linoleic acid, a new sterol-C31H52O2 , and waxes have been determined.
The identity of the compounds was established by consideration of infrared, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Besides, thin layer and column chromatographic techniques were used in this work.
Partialsynthese von Adenosyl-corrinoiden und dem 1.N6-Äthen-adenosyl-cobalamin mit fluoreszierendem Nucleosidanteil / Partial Synthesis of Adenolylcorrinoids and of 1,N6-Etheno-Adenosylcobalamin with a Fluorescent Nucleoside
Authors: Moskophidis M. , Friedrich W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Adenosylcobalamin and several analogs of this corrinoid are prepared by an improved method and separated by an one-step-chromatography on columns of carboxymethylcellulose. Pure water is the eluting agent. The same method is suitable for the preparation of 1,N6-ethenoadenosyl-cobalamin, a corrinoid with fluorescent nucleoside.
Gamma-Radiolysis of Aqueous Solution of Proline
Authors: Kopoldová Jiřina , Voráček-Hübsch Milan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Gamma-radiolysis of 0.05 м aqueous neutral proline solution was investigated. As the main reaction of proline radiolysis in oxygenated solutions, the hydroxylation reactions leading to hydroxyproline formation and the reactions leading to the total destruction of the pyrrolidine ring were shown. In oxygen-free solutions the yield of these reactions decreased; in this medium combination reactions giving rise to higher molecular weight combination products (up to approx. 1500) belong to the most important ones. In addition to radiation-decarboxylation reactions the products of radiation-carboxylation reactions were also detected in the irradiated solution of proline free of oxygen.
Interactions between Retinal and Phospholipids in Monomolecular Films at Acid pH
Authors: Puppala N. , Brody S. S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The surface properties of mixed monomolecular films of retinal and phospholipids (p. lipids) are measured as a function of mole fraction at a nitrogen-water interface. An acid pH of 6.0 is maintained in the aqueous phase. Before irradiation the surface potential ∆V for 9-cis retinal, 11-cis retinal, phosphatidyl serine (PS) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), at π = 12 dyn/cm, are 490 mV, 645 mV, 548 mV and 375 mV, respectively. Before irradiation, A0 for 9-cis and 11-cis are 58 Å2 and 48 Å2, respectively. Experimentally measured isotherms are compared with theo­ retically calculated isotherms. In case of mixed films of retinal and PS the experimental isotherms are greater than theoretical, while mixed films of retinal and PE are smaller than theoretical. A maximum value for the difference between theoretical and experimental areas are obtained at (retinal) / (p. lipid) = 0.1. Retinal and p. lipid do not appear to form a Schiff base, charge transfer or any other type of complex at pH 6. A eutectic type mixture between retinal and p. lipid may occur on the surface. A light induced change in ∆V of -130 mV is observed in the case of 11-cis and PE. The significance of these findings with respect to visual excitation is considered.
The Enhancement of CO2 Fixation in Isolated Chloroplasts by Low Sulfite Concentrations and by Ascorbate
Authors: Ziegler Irmgard , Libera Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

The enhancement of CO2 fixation in isolated, intact spinach chloroplasts by ascorbate or by low sulfite concentrations (< 1 mм) is strongly reduced or even abolished by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). By the use of 35SO3
2- it is demonstrated that the rate of sulfate formation is much lower than the sulfite induced increase in CO2 fixation. This indicates that the superoxide radical is the chain initiating event; and, in parallel to ascorbate (Elstner and Kramer, 1973), the HSO3 radical, acting as a Hill reagent for photosystem I, is reduced to sulfite in turn. The inhibitory action of sulfite at concentrations > 1 mм is not relieved by SOD, since this effect is mainly based on a competitive inhibition of ribulosediphosphate carboxylase.
SOD itself stimulates the CO2 fixation, if the reaction is started after 3 min of pre-illumination. This effect is discussed with respect to factors linked with the isolation procedure.