bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Resolution of Epoxides with CO2 Catalyzed by a Chiral‐at‐Iridium Complex
Authors: Qin Jie , Larionov Vladimir A. , Harms Klaus , Meggers Eric 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChiral‐at‐metal bis‐cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes are introduced as a new class of chiral catalysts for the reaction of epoxides with CO2 to form cyclic carbonates under conditions of kinetic resolution. Reactions are typically performed at room temperature in the presence of 1 mol % of iridium catalyst and 1.5 mol % of tetraethylammonium bromide as the nucleophilic cocatalyst to provide selectivity factors of up to 16.6. A variety of monosubstituted epoxides, including styrene epoxide, epoxides with aliphatic side chains, glycidyl ethers, and a glycidyl ester, are found to be suitable substrates. No polymerization side reaction is observed for any of the investigated substrates.
Taxonomy‐based hierarchical analysis of natural mortality: polar and subpolar phocid seals
Authors: Trukhanova Irina S. , Conn Paul B. , Boveng Peter L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractKnowledge of life‐history parameters is frequently lacking in many species and populations, often because they are cryptic or logistically challenging to study, but also because life‐history parameters can be difficult to estimate with adequate precision. We suggest using hierarchical Bayesian analysis (HBA) to analyze variation in life‐history parameters among related species, with prior variance components representing shared taxonomy, phenotypic plasticity, and observation error. We develop such a framework to analyze U‐shaped natural mortality patterns typical of mammalian life history from a variety of sparse datasets. Using 39 datasets from seals in the family Phocidae, we analyzed 16 models with different formulations for natural morality, specifically the amount of taxonomic and data‐level variance components (subfamily, species, study, and dataset levels) included in mortality hazard parameters. The highest‐ranked model according toDICincluded subfamily‐, species‐, and dataset‐level parameter variance components and resulted in typical U‐shaped hazard functions for the 11 seal species in the study. Species with little data had survival schedules shrunken to the mean. We suggest that evolutionary and population ecologists consider employingHBAto quantify variation in life‐history parameters. This approach can be useful for increasing the precision of estimates resulting from a collection of (often sparse) datasets, and for producing prior distributions for populations missing life‐history data.
The evolution of bequeathal in stable habitats
Authors: Clarke Parry M. R. , McElreath Mary Brooke , Barrett Brendan J. , Mabry Karen E. , McElreath Richard 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdults sometimes disperse, while philopatric offspring inherit the natal site, a pattern known as bequeathal. Despite a decades‐old empirical literature, little theoretical work has explored when natural selection may favor bequeathal. We present a simple mathematical model of the evolution of bequeathal in a stable environment, under both global and local dispersal. We find that natural selection favors bequeathal when adults are competitively advantaged over juveniles, baseline mortality is high, the environment is unsaturated, and when juveniles experience high dispersal mortality. However, frequently bequeathal may not evolve, because the fitness cost for the adult is too large relative to inclusive fitness benefits. Additionally, there are many situations for which bequeathal is an ESS, yet cannot invade the population. As bequeathal in real populations appears to be facultative, yet‐to‐be‐modeled factors like timing of birth in the breeding season may strongly influence the patterns seen in natural populations.
Metabolomic profiling of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to the antibacterial agent triclosan
Authors: Fu Jing , Gong Zhiyuan , Kelly Barry C. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Triclosan, a widely used antibacterial and antifungal agent, is ubiquitously detected in the natural environment. There is increasing evidence that triclosan can produce cytotoxic, genotoxic, and endocrine disruptor effects in aquatic biota, including algae, crustaceans, and fish. Metabolomics can provide important information regarding molecular-level effects and toxicity of xenobiotic chemicals in aquatic organisms. The aim of the present study was to assess the toxicity of triclosan in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolomics. The embryos were exposed to a wide range of triclosan concentrations (10 ng/L–500 µg/L). Endogenous metabolites were extracted using acetonitrile:isopropanol:water (3:3:2, v/v/v). Derivatization of metabolites was performed prior to identification and quantification via GC–MS analysis. A total of 29 metabolites were positively identified in embryos. Univariate (one-way analysis of variance) and multivariate (principal components analysis and projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis) analyses were employed to determine metabolic profile changes in triclosan-exposed embryos. Eight metabolites were significantly altered (p &lt; 0.05) in embryos exposed to triclosan (urea, citric acid, D-(+)-galactose, D-glucose, stearic acid, L-proline, phenylalanine, and L-glutamic acid). The results suggest that triclosan exposure can result in impairment of several pathways in developing zebrafish embryos, with implications for energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism, as well as nitrogen metabolism and gill function. These findings will benefit future risk assessments of triclosan and other contaminants of emerging concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:240–249. © 2018 SETAC
Regulatory role of oligodendrocyte gap junctions in inflammatory demyelination
Authors: Papaneophytou Christos P. , Georgiou Elena , Karaiskos Christos , Sargiannidou Irene , Markoullis Kyriaki , Freidin Mona M. , Abrams Charles K. , Kleopa Kleopas A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGap junctions (GJs) coupling oligodendrocytes to astrocytes and to other oligodendrocytes are formed mainly by connexin47 (Cx47) and a smaller portion by connexin32 (Cx32). Mutations in both connexins cause inherited demyelinating disorders, but their expression is also disrupted in multiple sclerosis (MS). To clarify whether the loss of either Cx47 or Cx32 could modify the outcome of inflammation and myelin loss, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in fully backcrossed Cx32 knockout (KO) and Cx47KO mice and compared their outcome with wild type (WT, C57BI/6 N) mice. Cx47KO EAE mice developed the most severe phenotype assessed by clinical scores and behavioral testing, followed by Cx32KO and WT mice. Cx47KO more than Cx32KO EAE mice developed more microglial activation, myelin, and axonal loss than did WT mice. Oligodendrocyte apoptosis and precursor proliferation was also higher in Cx47KO than in Cx32KO or WT EAE mice. Similarly, blood‐spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption and inflammatory infiltrates of macrophages, T‐ and B‐cells were more severe in Cx47KO than either Cx32KO or WT EAE groups. Finally, expression profiling revealed that several proinflammatory cytokines were higher at the peak of inflammation in the Cx47KO mice and persisted at later stages of EAE in contrast to reduction of their levels in WT EAE mice. Thus, loss of oligodendrocyte GJs aggravates BSCB disruption and inflammatory myelin loss, likely due to dysregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. This mechanism may play an important role in MS brain with reduced connexin expression, as well as in patients with inherited mutations in oligodendrocyte connexins and secondary inflammation.
Removal of Organic Compounds Containing a Benzene Ring from Water by Adsorptive Micellar Flocculation
Authors: Wang Hefei , Wang Dong , Tian Tian , Ren Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe removal of low‐molecular‐weight benzoic acid (benzoic acid, p‐toluic acid, and salicylic acid)‐derived and aniline (aniline, 4‐chloroaniline, and 2,6‐dimethylaniline)‐derived organic compounds through adsorptive micellar flocculation (AMF) with anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and aluminum sulfate was demonstrated. The interactions between SDS and the organic compounds were studied using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Batch AMF experiments were conducted to study the influence of several factors on target pollutant removal. For benzoic acid derivatives, the removal rate was improved by increasing the SDS and Al concentrations, while increases in the concentrations of the organic pollutant tended to decrease the removal rate. The highest removal efficiencies were observed with p‐toluic acid (95.4%) > salicylic acid (84.5%) > benzoic acid (76.5%) under weakly acidic conditions due to the greater hydrophobicity of p‐toluic acid and the complexation of the Al salts and the salicylic acid. The removal rates of the aniline derivatives were positively related to the SDS concentration and negatively related to the pH. At a pH of 3.0, the highest removal rates of aniline, 4‐chloroaniline, and 2,6‐dimethylaniline (91.3%, 98.0%, and 97.6%, respectively) were observed. For aniline compounds, charge neutralization between the SDS anions and aniline cations dominated the removal process. These findings provide new insights for the development of further applications of AMF for the removal of benzoic acid and aniline derivatives.
Detection of Pistacia vera adulteration by using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Sezer Banu , Apaydin Hakan , Bilge Gonca , Boyaci Ismail H 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPistachio has high economic value because of its high consumption rate and consumer demand. Therefore, it has become an important target for adulteration. Green pea and spinach are the most frequently used foods for pistachio adulteration as a result of their kernel color. The present study aimed to detect pistachio adulteration with green pea and spinach samples using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with chemometric methods.RESULTSIn the first step of the study, principal component analysis was employed for qualitative analysis of pure pistachio, green pea, spinach and adulterated pistachio samples, and discrimination was achieved successfully. A score plot clearly discriminating pure pistachio, green pea and spinach samples, as well as their blind samples, was drawn using principle component (PC)1 and PC2 which explained 86.86% and 12.16% of the variance, respectively. The results showed that the calibration curve for green pea adulterated pistachio provides successful determination of adulteration level and had an R2 of 0.995 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.04%, whereas the calibration curve for spinach adulterated pistachio had an R2 of 0.993 and a LOD of 1.64%.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study demonstrate that LIBS with the chemometric methods showed a good performance based on the high value of prediction accuracy for pistachio adulteration. This technique has high potential as a rapid method for pistachio identification and detection of adulteration. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Salinity stress enhances color parameters, bioactive leaf pigments, vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in selected Amaranthus leafy vegetables
Authors: Sarker Umakanta , Oba Shinya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmaranthus tricolor is a unique source of betalain (β‐cyanin and β‐xanthin) and a source of natural antioxidants, such as leaf pigments, vitamins, polyphenols and flavonoids in leafy vegetables. It has substantial importance for the food industry, since these compounds detoxify reactive oxygen species in humans and are involved in defense against several diseases. In addition, previous research has shown that salt stress elevates these compounds in many leafy vegetables. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of salinity stress on these compounds.RESULTSThree selected A. tricolor genotypes were studied under three salinity levels to evaluate the response of these compounds. Genotype, salinity stress and their interactions significantly affected all the traits studied. A significant and remarkable increase in L, a*, b*, chroma, β‐cyanin, β‐xanthin, betalain, total carotenoids, β‐carotene, ascorbic acid, total polyphenolic content, total flavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity were observed under 50 and 100 mmol L–1 NaCl concentrations. Bioactive leaf pigments, β‐carotene, vitamin C, phenolics and flavonoids showed good antioxidant activity due to positive and significant interrelationships with total antioxidant capacity.CONCLUSIONSAmaranthus tricolor can tolerate salinity stress without compromising the high quality of the final product. Therefore, it could be a promising alternative crop in saline‐prone areas around the globe. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of neoadjuvant radiation on margins for non–squamous cell carcinoma sinonasal malignancies
Authors: Fu Terence , Chin Christopher J. , Xu Wei , Che Jiahua , Huang Shao Hui , Monteiro Eric , Alghonaim Yazeed , Ringash Jolie , Witterick Ian J. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTreatment of non–squamous cell carcinoma sinonasal malignancies (NSCCSMs) typically involves surgery and radiotherapy (RT), but optimal sequencing remains controversial.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsPatients with NSCCSM treated with combined surgery and RT between 2000 and 2011 were identified. Margin control, overall survival, disease‐free survival, local recurrence‐free survival, and regional recurrence‐free survival were compared between neoadjuvant and adjuvant RT groups.ResultsEight‐four patients were included (23 neoadjuvant and 61 adjuvant RT). A higher proportion of patients receiving neoadjuvant RT achieved negative/close resection margins compared to those receiving adjuvant RT (83% vs. 41%, P = .003). Multivariable analysis also showed that neoadjuvant RT was associated with an 81% decreased odds of positive margins odds ratio: 0.19, 95% confidence interval: 0.05‐0.77, P = .02).ConclusionsNeoadjuvant RT may be associated with improved margin status among patients with NSCCSM treated with surgery and RT. Future prospective studies with larger, more homogeneous populations are needed to clarify optimal treatment strategies.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 128:2796–2803, 2018
Robotic versus conventional neck dissection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sukato Daniel C. , Ballard Daniel P. , Abramowitz Jason M. , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Mlot Stefan 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review is to compare the perioperative outcomes of robotic versus conventional neck dissection in patients with head and neck malignancy.MethodsAn electronic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases was conducted. We included studies with direct comparisons of robotic and open neck dissections and performed dual, independent data extraction for primary outcomes of nodal yield, recurrence rate, subjective cosmetic assessment, operative time, length of stay, and rates of perioperative complications. Data were pooled using random effects meta‐analysis to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD), absolute risk difference (RD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsEleven comparative studies comprising 225 robotic and 430 open neck dissections met the final selection criteria. All studies had low to moderate risk of bias. Robotic surgery improved cosmesis (SMD 1.15, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.56) but also increased operative time (SMD 1.94, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.63). Total nodal yield, pathological nodal yield, recurrence rate, rates of perioperative complications, and length of stay were not significantly different between the two groups, and the 95% CIs suggested that false negative results were unlikely. The results remained consistent after stratification by pathology and robotic technique.ConclusionAlthough robotic neck dissection may offer similar perioperative outcomes compared to conventional neck dissection, it requires significantly more operative time. Whereas cosmesis was found to be superior among the robotic cohort, this must be viewed cautiously given the nonvalidated measurement tool that was used and the inherent reporting bias associated with it.Laryngoscope, 129:1587–1596, 2019
Integrated Analysis of Droxidopa for the Treatment of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients with Parkinson Disease
Authors: Hauser Robert A. , Biaggioni Italo , Hewitt L. Arthur , Vernino Steven 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionNeurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) is associated with neurodegenerative conditions, may cause symptoms of end‐organ hypoperfusion, increases fall risk, and can negatively impact quality of life. Droxidopa is approved for the treatment of symptomatic nOH in adults. As the largest subpopulation of patients with nOH has a diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD), the efficacy and tolerability of droxidopa in patients with PD and nOH were examined using integrated clinical trial data.MethodsPost hoc analyses included data from the phase 3, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trials of droxidopa (two short‐term [1−2 weeks] trials and one medium‐term [8−10 weeks] trial) in the subset of participants with PD and symptomatic nOH. Efficacy was assessed using standing blood pressure (BP) measurements and the Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire (OHQ), a patient‐reported evaluation of nOH symptoms (Orthostatic Hypotension Symptom Assessment [OHSA]), and their impact (Orthostatic Hypotension Daily Activity Scale [OHDAS]).ResultsThe analysis included 307 patients with PD (droxidopa, n = 150; placebo, n = 157). Compared with placebo, droxidopa significantly improved the OHQ composite score (P = 0.014), the OHSA composite score (P = 0.022), and the OHDAS composite score (P = 0.029) from baseline to end of study/week one. We found significant increases in standing mean systolic/diastolic BP for droxidopa versus placebo (P = 0.003/0.002). Adverse event (AE) rates were qualitatively similar between groups; the most frequently reported AEs in the droxidopa groups included headache, dizziness, nausea, and hypertension.ConclusionsThese post hoc analyses suggest that droxidopa provides meaningful clinical benefits and is well tolerated in the treatment of symptomatic nOH in patients with PD.
Long‐Term Follow‐up of Patients with Tourette's Syndrome
Authors: Lowe Thomas L. , Capriotti Matthew R. , McBurnett Keith 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundTourette's Syndrome (TS) is a childhood‐onset movement disorder marked by the chronic presence of motor and vocal tics. Research shows that tics associated with TS tend to fade in severity for some (but not all) affected youth, though psychiatric comorbidities that commonly accompany TS may be more persistent. The long‐term outcomes of individuals with TS have not been well characterized.ObjectiveTo characterize long‐term clinical outcomes of individuals with TS.MethodWe conducted a long‐term (25–32 years) follow‐up study of 45 patients with TS who presented to the Tourette's and Tic Disorders Clinic within the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California San Francisco Medical Center, which was staffed by the first author (Thomas L. Lowe, MD [T.L.L.]), between 1983 and 1990. Baseline data were obtained via chart review, and follow‐up data were obtained by self‐report surveys.ResultsParticipants generally reported good psychosocial functioning, attainment of significant social milestones (academic attainment, gainful employment, marriage), and high subjective quality of life. The vast majority of participants (82%) reported improvement in their tics over time, though a significant minority continued to experience at least mild tic‐related impairment (26%–40%, depending on metric). Lifetime rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders, including obsessive‐compulsive disorder, were greater than in the general US population. Robust predictors of follow‐up outcomes were not found.ConclusionsThese findings reflect a positive overall long‐term prognosis for individuals with TS. Providing information about this prognosis at the time of diagnosis may decrease distress in affected individuals and their families. Future studies using planned longitudinal designs that address potential confounds of survey nonresponse are needed to detail long‐term outcomes of individuals with TS more precisely.
Reduced graphene oxide‐based electrochemically stimulated method for temozolomide delivery
Authors: Reddy Sathish , Song Li , Zhao Yuyuan , Zhao Rong , Wu Dongni , He Liumin , Ramakrishana Seeram 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe controlled release of drug molecules to a specific brain tumour's tissue has been recognized as one of the most demanding researches for treatment of brain cancer, because it helps to avoid the side effects from systemic drug delivery techniques. In the present work, described an electrochemically controlled drug delivery performed with a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐drug composite. The rGO was loaded with a temozolomide (TMZ) molecule (rGO‐TMZ) exhibits electrochemical oxidation and reduction peak in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). In response to be electrochemical potential, the rGO‐TMZ composite releases TMZ drug, and TMZ drug dosage that can be adjusted by altering the electrochemical potential with time. Upon application of an electrochemical potential pulse (0.8 V) for 20 min duration, up to 83% of TMZ was released into citrate buffer solution at pH 5.0. In vitro, cell culture experiments demonstrate that the released TMZ drug retains its bioactivity. The electrochemically controlled rGO‐TMZ composite drug delivery platform makes it an exciting candidate for on‐demand drug delivery for effective treatment of brain cancer.
Extraction of micro‐doppler characteristics of drones using high‐resolution time‐frequency transforms
Authors: Kim Youngwook , Nazaroff Michael , Oh Daegun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe demand for detecting and tracking drones has increased for reasons of surveillance and security. Radar is one of the promising methods in this regard. The recognition and identification of drones using a radar system requires the extraction of their unique micro‐Doppler signatures produced by their rotating blades. Because of the blades' rapid rotation speed, difficulties are inherent in visualizing clear micro‐Doppler signatures in a conventional joint time‐frequency analysis such as the short‐time Fourier transform. In this paper, we propose the use of high‐resolution transform techniques to visualize the micro‐Doppler signatures of drones in a spectrogram. The techniques used include Wigner‐Ville distribution, smoothed pseudo‐Wigner‐Ville distribution, and short‐time MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. In particular, the latter, which had never previously been applied to drones, is suggested to visualize the details of micro‐Doppler signatures. We measured three drones using a continuous‐wave radar, and performances of these algorithms were compared using data collected from the drones. We could observe that the short‐time MUSIC method showed the clearest spectrogram for identifying micro‐Doppler signatures. This study can potentially be useful in the field of drone classification.