bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAUSE AND EFFECT OF SUFFERING IN SYDNEY SHELDON’S NOVEL IF TOMORROW COMES
Authors: Setiawan Muarif , Barus Efendi , Pawiro M. Ali 
Published: February 2018

Abstract If Tomorrow Comes, a novel written by Sydney Sheldon, is a story of intrigue and revenge. Tracy Whitney is a young, beautiful and intelligent woman and about to marry a wealth man until, suddenly, she is betrayed, framed by a ruthless Mafia gang, and then abandoned by the man she loves. Only her ingenuity saves her and helps her fight back. The significant theme of the novel is suffering, which is the focus of the study with two major points of discussion: the causes and the effects of suffering, subdivided into avarice and loss of trust as a part of the first major point and courage, revenge and hypocrisy as the second major one. The study is conducted with descriptive qualitative method proposed by Dawson (2004) pointing out that qualitative descriptive research is appropriately used to analyze social phenomena. The result shows that the protagonist, Tracy Whitney, faces a lot of suffering from the beginning of the story; that is from the tragic of her mother’s death till she is out of jail. All the sufferings are triggered by avarice of a small group of bandits of white collars having a great personal interest who stand against Tracy and loss of trust from her fiancé, the one whom she expects to be with her in time of difficulty. Owing to her sufferings, Tracy becomes strong mentally but she also turns to be revengeful woman of significant hypocrisy. Keywords: suffering, avarice, trust, courage, revenge and hypocrisy.
MARITAL DISHARMONY IN JACKIE COLLINS’ NOVEL HOLLYWOOD WIVES
Authors: Buwono Nuri , Suhendi Andang , Sahri Zulfan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract The study is centered on marital disharmony reflected from the protagonist, Elaine Conti, in running her family life. Marital disharmony can occur if the spouses do not spend sufficient time together or if they do not have common interests. Elaine Conti is married to a famous actor of Hollywood, Ross Conti, but their marriage is not running smoothly as Elaine cannot put herself in a proper place of a good wife. The analysis shows that any relationship is hard and any relationship can lead to a range of arguments and difficulties. However when it comes to marriage all of these difficulties are exacerbated, which is a shame because the steaks are also exacerbated. A break up means potentially losing home, meaning legal and financial difficulties and it may mean putting the rest of the family and particularly any children through a lot of difficulties. This is seen that Elaine, the protagonist, cannot play her role as a good wife in the family caused by her extravagant lifestyle, committing adultery and insatiable passion. The method used here is Descriptive Qualitative proposed by Koul (1990) and the results show that her attitudes in running a marriage life have caused a marital disharmony, in line with the main theory referred to as the base of the study proposed by Hendrix stating that extravagance, adultery and insatiable passions are the main causing factors to marital disharmony. Keywords: disharmony, marriage, extravagance, adultery, passion
SELF-CONFIDENCE IN HENRY FIELDING’S NOVEL TOM JONES
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Sitepu Darman , Sahri Zulfan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract Self-confidence is the core point of this research. Self confidence is a feeling that makes people think that they will do better after their efforts, a feeling that they can know more over time, a feeling that they can change themselves to adapt to the environment.There are three points of discussion under the topic. The first is self-confidence in facing family problem. There is no family without a problem and every single problem could be settled by means of self-confidence. This is followed by self-confidence in love as the second point. Love is a universal nuance that comes to everybody’s uplifting or crushing the person concerned and again by self-confidence love becomes a ladder to betterment in life. The third is self confidence in self-identity. A man will never be considered a man unless he has self-identity, which may appear in various forms, one of which is social standing. The main theory of self-confidence in taken from Brown stating that confidence is the belief that one will perform in a correct proper effective way. This research is conducted with descriptive qualitative method proposed by Krathwohl (1998), exploring social issues to be an epitome of guidelines. The results show that the protagonist has a strong self-confidence in facing family problem, love and self-identity. He faces a lot of problems in his family and this happens because he is an adopted child. However, through his strong self-confidence he could settle all the obstacles nicely and finally his self-confidence gives comfort to him. Key words: confidence, family, love, identity.
Astrophysical objects with extreme energy release: observations and theory
Authors: Bykov A M 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Supernovae release extreme amounts of energy and produce major chemical elements in galaxies. They are extraordinary phenomena that give rise to the emission of neutrinos, gravitational waves, and broad spectra of electromagnetic radiation, and accelerate particles to ultra-relativistic energies. Observations of supernovae have led to the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the Universe and the introduction of the ‘dark energy’ concept. Recent observations and theoretical models have revealed diverse supernova-related phenomena, the diversity resulting from variations both in the energy release mechanisms and in the properties of circumstellar matter. Supernova remnants and, in particular, gamma-ray bursts originating from compact stellar remnants are among the main objects of space research programs all over the world. We review the results of supernova and gamma-ray burst observations, as well as physical models capable of explaining the acceleration of nonthermal particles to ultra-relativistic energies and the amplification of fluctuating magnetic fields in supernova shells. We also consider the prospects of testing these models via observations with orbital and ground-based telescopes.
Some new discoveries at colliders
Authors: Dremin I M 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Five of the most recent experimental discoveries about high-energy proton interactions are chosen to demonstrate the predictive power of the existing theory and its striving to elucidate the origin of some less understood phenomena. These include the Higgs boson, the cross section increase with energy, an increased fraction of elastic scattering in the same energy range, the exponential fall-off of the elastic differential cross section at sufficiently large momentum transfers (small distances), and the jet emission and ridge formation phenomena observed in very-high-multiplicity inelastic processes.
Semiclassical method of analysis and estimation of the orbital binding energies in many-electron atoms and ions
Authors: Shpatakovskaya G V 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Orbital binding energies in the ground state of many-electron elements obtained in experiments or in quantum-mechanical-calculations are studied. Their dependences on the atomic number and on the degree of ionization are analyzed. The Bohr – Sommerfeld semiclassical quantization condition is used and filled-shell orbital binding energy approximate scaling is shown. The scaling is similar to the one in the Thomas – Fermi model, but with two other functions-coefficients. The effective method of the demonstration of binding energies in a large number of atoms through these two functions is proposed. As a result, special features of the elements of the main and transition groups and the influence of relativistic effects are vividly manifested. Simple interpolation expressions are built for the two functions. One can use them to estimate orbital binding energies in the filled shells of many-electron atoms and ions to within 10% for middle elements and from 10% to 30% for heavy ones. The estimate can be used as the initial approximation in precessional atomic computations and also for rough calculations of the ionization cross sections of many-electron atoms and ions by electrons and heavy particles, failing more precise data.
Has Algeria Suffered from the Dutch Disease? Evidence from 1960-2016 Data
Authors: Gasmi Farid , Laourari Imène 
Published: February 2018

L’économie algérienne dépend fortement des exportations pétrolières. Suite au contrechoc pétrolier de 1986, l’Algérie a connu un déclin persistant de la croissance de son secteur manufacturier. En dépit des prix de pétrole élevés enregistrés au cours des dernières décennies et des nombreuses réformes mises en œuvre, ce pays n’a pas réussi à développer son secteur manufacturier et à diversifier son économie. L’un des principaux mécanismes par lesquels les fluctuations des prix du pétrole peuvent constituer un frein au développement du secteur manufacturier et donc à la croissance de long terme dans une économie qui est tributaire des exportations de ressources naturelles a été identifié dans la littérature comme le phénomène du syndrome hollandais. Ce papier a pour objectif de tester si l’économie algérienne a souffert des principaux symptômes de ce syndrome en analysant des données couvrant plus d’un demi-siècle. Plus précisément, nous utilisons une base de données annuelle couvrant la période 1960 à 2016 pour tester deux implications importantes de ce phénomène qui se produisent suite à un boom pétrolier, à savoir l’effet de dépenses et l’effet du mouvement des ressources. Nous effectuons une batterie de tests d’existence de ces deux effets s’appuyant sur l’approche Autorégressive à Retards Echelonnés ( ARDL ) tout en contrôlant pour d’autres facteurs qui auraient pu conduire à des symptômes économiques similaires. Les résultats ne permettent pas de conclure sans ambiguïté que l’économie algérienne a souffert du syndrome hollandais sur la période 1960 – 2016 ce qui suggère d’approfondir la recherche des causes du faible degré de diversification de l’économie algérienne.
Effect of Mouthrinses containing Olive Oil, Fluoride, and Their Combination on Enamel Erosion: An in vitro Study
Authors: Vivek HP , Geetha Seema , Chandramohan Sabari , Imranulla Md , Srinidhi PB 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mouthrinses containing olive oil, fluoride, and their combination on enamel erosion.

Materials and methods
An in vitro study of 45 enamel specimens, which were prepared from 45 extracted teeth, was employed. Each specimen was subjected to 10 alternative demineralization and remineralization cycles. Remineralizing cycle includes 5 minutes exposure with one of the mouthrinse, and demineralizing cycle includes 3 minute exposure to 1% citric acid. Mean surface roughness (Ra) was measured from surfometry before and after cycles. Statistical tests used were Student's unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test.

Results
Among the three mouthrinses, Listerine and Xerostom showed maximum protection against erosion on enamel. The 2% olive oil mouthrinse showed the least protection against erosion on enamel.

Conclusion
The study indicated that the Listerine and Xerostom mouthrinses are valuable preventive measures.

Clinical significance
Mouthrinses are effective for lessening erosive demineralization and in aggregating remineralization of tooth surfaces which are the important factors to prevent enamel erosion.

How to cite this article
Vivek HP, Prashant GM, Geetha S, Chandramohan S, Imranulla M, Srinidhi PB. Effect of Mouthrinses containing Olive Oil, Fluoride, and Their Combination on Enamel Erosion: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):130-136.
Effect of Green Tea Varnish on Depth of Root Caries
Authors: Daneshyar Fahimeh , Khamverdi Zahra , Toliat Tayebeh , Alikhani Mohammad Y 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim
Root caries is a common, debilitating condition particularly in the elderly population, which can lead to tooth loss. Evidence shows that green tea has cariostatic effects. Considering the gap of information on green tea varnish, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of green tea varnish in the prevention of root caries.

Materials and methods
This in vitro experimental study was performed on 42 sound premolars. Two layers of acid-resistant nail varnish were applied on root surfaces except for a window of 1 × 4 mm. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 14). Group I (control) received no intervention. Group II received green tea varnish applied on the roots every 48 hours for 21 days. Group III received green tea varnish every 24 hours for 21 days. Sections of 40 μ thickness were prepared from the center of the window, and the depth of carious lesion was measured in three points with 500 μ distance from each other using polarized light microscope. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 and nonparametric Kruskal—Wallis and Mann—Whitney U tests (α = 0.05).

Results
The mean (and standard deviation) depth of carious lesion was 54.30 ± 28.64 (μm), 0, and 0 in groups I, II, and III respectively. Control group showed the highest depth of caries. Groups II and III were not significantly different in this respect, but significant differences were noted in depth of caries between groups I and II and also groups I and III (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Based on the results, the green tea varnish may possess anticariogenic effects on root caries when applied every 24 or 48 hours over a 21-day period. Application of green tea varnish every 24 or 48 hours for 21 days may prevent root caries.

Clinical significance
Application of green tea varnish can prevent root caries.

How to cite this article
Daneshyar F, Khamverdi Z, Toliat T, Alikhani MY. Effect of Green Tea Varnish on Depth of Root Caries. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):137-142.
Proliferative Index in Invasive Tumor Front of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Prognostic Indicator
Authors: Bhuyan Lipsa , Sarangi Sambit , Das Bijoy K , Das Surya N , Nayak Sarat 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate the proliferative index (PI) at their invasive front of oral cancer and their association with Bryne's grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and compare the PI with lymph node metastasis, site of involvement, and habits.

Materials and methods
The Ki-67 antigen expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in a total of 102 cases that included the histopathologically diagnosed archival specimens of OSCCs. They were subdivided by Bryne's histopathological grading into grade I (40 cases), grade II (32 cases), and grade III (30 cases). The nucleus with brown stain was considered positive. Cells were counted under 400× magnification. The proliferative activity thus determined was then expressed as a percentage of Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) positive cells.

Results
A stepwise increase in the mean Ki-67 LI was found from grade I to III squamous cell carcinoma, thus correlating with the histological grading. In addition, there was a higher PI seen in cases associated with metastatic lymph node, which concords with the higher biologic aggressiveness and poor prognosis of the lesion.

Conclusion
The present study shows a definitive correlation of Ki-67 antigen with the Bryne's histological grading, all the parameters of Bryne's grading for OSCC and lymph node status of the patient proving its association as an effective tool to grade the tumors and finally read the prognosis of the tumor.

Clinical significance
Cell proliferation is regarded as one of the most important biologic mechanisms in oncogenesis. The role of cell proliferation in tumor progression has been inferred in studies concerned with human cancer by comparing the PI of normal tissue, preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. The Ki-67 antigen-labeled cells can prove to be an effective aid to grade the tumors. It might be possible to standardize and objectify tumor grading among pathology laboratories.

How to cite this article
Bhuyan L, Sarangi S, Das BK, Das SN, Nayak S. Proliferative Index in Invasive Tumor Front of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Prognostic Indicator. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):170-176.
Spirometric Assessment of Impact of Complete Dentures on Respiratory Performance: An in vitro Study
Authors: Adoni Vidya V , Indrakumar HS , Venkatesh Deepa , Kashyap Rucha , Jayanthi D , Prakash Nikhil 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Edentulism is one of the debilitating states affecting a significant portion of the geriatric population. It is often considered as the ultimate marker for predicting the pressure and burden on oral health. Respiration is also a routine vital function running continuously through the human body and most commonly assessed by a spirometer. Hence, we planned the present study to assess the impact of complete dentures on the functioning of the respiratory system.

Materials and methods
In the present study, a spirometric assessment of the effect of complete dentures on respiratory performance was done. A total of 100 subjects were included, and diagnostic spirometer was used for carrying out the spirometric test at different stages of each subject. The spirometric test was carried out at four different stages: In the absence of both the denture (AODs), with both the dentures (maxillary and mandibular) inserted in the patient's mouth (BDs), with only maxillary denture inserted in the oral cavity (UDs), and finally, by inserting only the mandibular dentures in the oral cavity (LDs). Forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% (FEF25—75) were evaluated. All the results were compiled and assessed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results
Of the total 100 subjects included in the study, 42 were males and 58 were females. The mean FVC values of AOD, BD, LD, and UD group were 3.10, 3.02, 2.90, and 2.93 respectively. The mean PEF values of AOD, BD, LD, and UD group were 5.79, 5.60, 5.40, and 5.48 respectively; 2.39, 2.35, 2.33, and 2.32 were the mean FEV1 values observed in AOD, BD, LD, and UD group respectively. Statistically significant results were obtained while comparing AOD—FVC and BD—FVC and other oral conditions.

Conclusion
Spirometric values of respiratory functional tests in edentulous patients might be unfavorably affected by wearing complete dentures.

Clinical significance
Since subjects without complete dentures exhibited a maximum value of respiratory functional test, respiratory exercise protocols should also be carried in denture-wearing edentulous patients for increasing the performance of the respiratory system.

How to cite this article
Indrakumar HS, Venkatesh D, Adoni VV, Kashyap R, Jayanthi D, Prakash N. Spirometric Assessment of Impact of Complete Dentures on Respiratory Performance: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):177-180.
Microtensile Bond Strength of Polyacid-modified Composite Resin to Irradiated Primary Molars
Authors: Yilmaz Yucel , Keles Sultan , Sezen Orhan 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAimThis study evaluated the influence of various doses of radiotherapy on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of compomer resin to dentin and enamel in primary molars.Materials and methodsThirty-five intact primary molars were collected and divided into seven groups. Teeth were irradiated with doses from 10 to 60 Gy, except for the control group. Compomer restorations were performed, and enamel—compomer resin beams and dentin—compomer resin beams were tested at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found between the irradiated tooth enamel and the control group (F= 1.1468; p = 0.194). However, statistically significant differences were evident among the dentin groups (F= 11.050; p < 0.001).ConclusionRadiation may not cause a significant difference in the μTBS of compomer resin to primary tooth enamel, but appears to dose dependently decrease its bond strength to primary tooth dentin.Clinical significanceRadiotherapy may affect the success rate of compomer fillings in primary teeth, especially in deeper cavities with exposed dentin.How to cite this articleKeles S, Yilmaz Y, Sezen O. Microtensile Bond Strength of Polyacid-modified Composite Resin to Irradiated Primary Molars. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):189-195.
Evaluation of the Flexural Strength of Submicron Hybrid Composite using Different Fabrication Methods: An in vitro Study
Authors: Makkar Sameer , Sethi Achla , Sidharth Kanwar , Kaur Taranjit , Singh Sandhu Sukhpash , Joseph Amit K 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study is to perform three-point bend test on submicron hybrid composite fabricated with direct and indirect veneer technique.

Materials and methods
A total of 20 maxillary anterior teeth were selected, and labial reduction of 0.5 to 0.75 mm with a chamfered finish line for veneer preparation was done. Teeth were divided into two groups depending on fabrication technique being used: group I—veneers fabricated with light and group II—veneers fabricated with light and heat (PHOTOPOL). Specimens were tested under universal testing machine (UTM) where load was applied at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min with a pointer of 1 mm diameter. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results
The results showed highly significant difference between the two groups with the mean value of group I (246.7 ± 2.285 N) and group II (531.1 ± 4.411 N).

Conclusion
The curing mechanism involving light and heat increases the fracture resistance of the veneers.

Clinical significance
Within the limitations of this study, the results led to the conclusion that the association of common composites with a simple postcure heat treatment may be an alternative for current indirect composite systems, although more studies are needed to assess other properties of the composites for this application.

How to cite this article
Sethi A, Makkar S, Sidharth K, Kaur T, Sandhu SS, Joseph AK. Evaluation of the Flexural Strength of Submicron Hybrid Composite using Different Fabrication Methods: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):205-209.