bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheat‐derived soil organic carbon accumulates more than its maize counterpart in a wheat–maize cropping system after 21 years
Authors: Dong Xinliang , Sun Hongyong , Wang Jintao , Liu Xiaojing , Singh Bhupinder Pal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFertilization is the most common way to supply nutrients to the soil and to maintain crop productivity in agricultural ecosystems, which may also influence soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation rates. In 1996, we set up a long‐term field experiment to explore the effect of fertilization on soil properties in a winter wheat–summer maize cropping system in the North China Plain. Eight treatments included: no fertilization (Ct), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and N combined with P (NP) fertilizer application with or without potassium (K). After 21 years of fertilization, N application did not increase soil total N content, but P application significantly increased soil total P contents by 33.9%. The single application of N or P did not significantly affect SOC content, whereas the NP combination significantly increased SOC contents by 22.1 and 29.6% compared to Ct in the no K and K treatments, respectively. The natural 13C abundance approach and the SOC contents suggested that the NP combination increased C3 wheat‐derived SOC by 37.5 and 49.8% in the no K and K treatments, respectively. However, fertilization had no impact on C4 maize‐derived SOC content. Wheat‐derived SOC was positively correlated with the wheat yield, whereas maize‐derived SOC was not correlated with the maize yield, which indicated that wheat‐derived SOC accumulated more than maize‐derived SOC in the wheat–maize cropping system. In addition, soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and its compositions were not affected by the long‐term fertilization. Our results indicate that N combined with P application is more beneficial than N or P alone to enlarge SOC sequestration in the North China Plain, especially for wheat‐derived SOC. Thus, in soil with nutrient limitations, nutrient resources should be supplied with priority to the wheat growing season in wheat–maize cropping systems, to maintain or enlarge SOC storage.Highlights
Long‐term N combined with P application increased wheat‐derived SOC
Wheat‐derived SOC accumulated more than maize‐derived SOC in the cropping system
Wheat yield was lower than maize in the wheat–maize cropping system
Long‐term N, P or NP fertilization did not influence soil inorganic carbon
Genetic evidence of a northward range expansion in the eastern Bering Sea stock of Pacific cod
Authors: Spies Ingrid , Gruenthal Kristen M. , Drinan Daniel P. , Hollowed Anne B. , Stevenson Duane E. , Tarpey Carolyn M. , Hauser Lorenz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPoleward species range shifts have been predicted to result from climate change, and many observations have confirmed such movement. Poleward shifts may represent a homogeneous shift in distribution, seasonal northward movement of specific populations, or colonization processes at the poleward edge of the distribution. The ecosystem of the Bering Sea has been changing along with the climate, moving from an arctic to a subarctic system. Several fish species have been observed farther north than previously reported and in increasing abundances. We examined one of these fish species, Pacific cod, in the northern Bering Sea (NBS) to assess whether they migrated from another stock in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS), Gulf of Alaska, or Aleutian Islands, or whether they represent a separate population. Genetic analyses using 3,599 single nucleotide polymorphism markers indicated that nonspawning cod collected in August 2017 in the NBS were similar to spawning stocks of cod in the EBS. This result suggests escalating northward movement of the large EBS stock during summer months. Whether the cod observed in the NBS migrate south during winter to spawn or remain in the NBS as a sink population is unknown.
Introducing dominant‐currency pricing in the ECB's global macroeconomic model
Authors: Georgiadis Georgios , Mösle Saskia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA large share of global trade being priced and invoiced primarily in U.S. dollar rather than the exporter's or the importer's currency has important implications for the transmission of shocks. We introduce this “dominant‐currency pricing” (DCP) into ECB‐Global, the ECB's macroeconomic model for the global economy. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to incorporate DCP into a major global macroeconomic model used at central banks or international organisations. In ECB‐Global, DCP affects in particular the role of expenditure‐switching and the U.S. dollar exchange rate for spillovers: In case of a shock in a non‐U.S. economy that alters the value of its currency multilaterally, expenditure‐switching occurs only through imports; in case of a U.S. shock that alters the value of the U.S. dollar multilaterally, expenditure‐switching occurs both in non‐U.S. economies’ imports and—as these are imports of their trading partners—exports. Overall, under DCP the U.S. dollar exchange rate is a major driver of global trade, even for transactions that do not involve the United States. To illustrate the usefulness of ECB‐Global and DCP for policy analysis, we explore the implications of the euro rivalling the U.S. dollar as a second dominant currency in global trade. According to ECB‐Global, in such a scenario the global spillovers from U.S. shocks are smaller, whereas those from euro area shocks are amplified; domestic euro area monetary policy effectiveness is hardly affected by the euro becoming a second globally dominant currency in trade.
A nurse‐led implantable loop recorder service is safe and cost effective
Authors: Lim Wei Yao , Papageorgiou Nikolaos , Sukumar Shivasankar M. , Alexiou Sophia , Srinivasan Neil T. , Monkhouse Christopher , Daw Holly , Caldeira Helder , Harvie Helen , Kuriakose Jincymol , Baca Marco , Ahsan Syed Y. , Chow Anthony W. , Hunter Ross J. , Finlay Malcolm , Lambiase Pier D. , Schilling Richard J. , Earley Mark J. , Providencia Rui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionImplantable loop recorders (ILR) are predominantly implanted by cardiologists in the catheter laboratory. We developed a nurse‐delivered service for the implantation of LINQ (Medtronic; Minnesota) ILRs in the outpatient setting. This study compared the safety and cost‐effectiveness of the introduction of this nurse‐delivered ILR service with contemporaneous physician‐led procedures.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing an ILR at our institution between 1st July 2016 and 4th June 2018 were included. Data were prospectively entered into a computerized database, which was retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 475 patients underwent ILR implantation, 271 (57%) of these were implanted by physicians in the catheter laboratory and 204 (43%) by nurses in the outpatient setting. Six complications occurred in physician‐implants and two in nurse‐implants (P = .3). Procedural time for physician‐implants (13.4 ± 8.0 minutes) and nurse‐implants (14.2 ± 10.1 minutes) were comparable (P = .98). The procedural cost was estimated as £576.02 for physician‐implants against £279.95 with nurse‐implants, equating to a 57.3% cost reduction. In our center, the total cost of ILR implantation in the catheter laboratory by physicians was £10 513.13 p.a. vs £6661.55 p.a. with a nurse‐delivered model. When overheads for running, cleaning, and maintaining were accounted for, we estimated a saving of £68 685.75 was performed by moving to a nurse‐delivered model for ILR implants. Over 133 catheter laboratory and implanting physician hours were saved and utilized for other more complex procedures.ConclusionILR implantation in the outpatient setting by suitably trained nurses is safe and leads to significant financial savings.
Cardiovascular biomarkers and echocardiographic findings at rest and during graded hypovolemic stress in women with recurrent vasovagal syncope
Authors: Lindenberger Marcus , Fedorowski Arthur , Melander Olle , Gallo Widet , Engvall Jan , Skoog Johan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionVasovagal reflex is the most common type of syncope but its etiology is not fully elucidated. Venous return and cardiac output are key in hemodynamic control. The aim of the study was to assess cardiovascular biomarkers and echocardiographic measures at rest and during hypovolemia in women with and without a history of vasovagal syncope.MethodsFourteen women (aged 18‐30) suffering from recurrent vasovagal syncope and 15 age‐matched healthy women were included. Graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) was used to create central hypovolemic stress until signs of presyncope occurred. Echocardiography was applied at rest and throughout LBNP. Cardiovascular biomarkers: copeptin, mid‐regional proadrenomedullin, mid‐regional pro‐ANP, C‐terminal proendothelin‐1, and plasma norepinephrine were measured both at rest and throughout graded hypovolemia to presyncope.ResultsWomen prone to vasovagal syncope presented with a narrower right ventricle (RV) (29 ± 1 vs 32 ± 1 mm, P < .05), smaller left atrium (36 ± 2 vs 47 ± 3 cm3, P < .01) and lower cardiac output at rest (3.1 ± 0.2 vs 3.7 ± 0.2 L/min, P < .05) and during graded hypovolemia (P < .05). Copeptin was elevated at rest (4.3 ± 0.8 vs 2.5 ± 0.2 pmol/L, P < .05) and increased more in women with vasovagal syncope during progression of LBNP (P < .01). At rest, lower C‐terminal proendothelin‐1 (35 ± 5 vs 46 ± 2 pmol/L, P < .05) and higher norepinephrine levels (1.1 ± 0.1 vs 0.8 ± 0.1 nmol/L, P < .01) were seen in women with vasovagal syncope.ConclusionWomen prone to vasovagal syncope demonstrate reduced cardiac preload, lower cardiac output, as well as increased release of vasopressin in rest and during hypovolemic challenge. The results emphasize the importance of venous return and cardiac output in the pathogenesis of vasovagal syncope.
Approach to catheter ablation of left atrial flutters
Authors: Markowitz Steven M. , Thomas George , Liu Christopher F. , Cheung Jim W. , Ip James E. , Lerman Bruce B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLeft atrial tachycardias (ATs) most commonly occur after catheter or surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation and in patients with atrial myopathies. Pre‐existing scar in the left atrium (LA) can result in complex circuits, sometimes with narrow channels that can be detected with high‐resolution mapping. The most common forms of macroreentrant AT from the LA are variants of peri‐mitral and roof‐dependent reentry. Localized reentrant rhythms occur in the setting of fibrosis that gives rise to slow conduction and may occur adjacent to areas of prior ablation. The approach to treating these ATs involves first identifying the left atrial origin, defining the tachycardia circuit – which can be facilitated by ultrahigh density mapping and entrainment – and selecting a suitable isthmus to target for ablation. An important endpoint in ablating left atrial flutters is to establish and confirm bidirectional line of the block. Challenges in ablating these ATs include the presence of multiple tachycardias, defining circuits with complex activation patterns and achieving durable lines of block, particularly in the lateral mitral isthmus. Progress in treating these arrhythmias has come from new mapping technologies and the recognition of epicardial connections that allow for persistent conduction across ablation lesions. Also, advances in delivering energy to obtain complete transmural lesions promise to improve the long‐term success of ablating ATs from the LA.
SERUM cardiac‐specific biomarkers and atrial fibrillation in myotonic dystrophy type I
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Rago Anna , Atripaldi Luigi , Leonardi Silvia , Papa Andrea Antonio , Politano Luisa , Golino Paolo , Potpara Tatjana S. , Nigro Gerardo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I, N terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), creatine kinase‐MB mass concentration (CK‐MB mass) and copeptin (CP) in predicting incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients.Materials and methodsThe study enrolled 60 consecutive DM1 patients (age 50.3 ± 7.3 years, 34 male) who underwent pacemaker (PM) implantation for cardiac rhythm abnormalities and 60 PM recipients whose age and sex matched served as control group. All DM1 patients underwent a 12‐lead electrocardiogram, 2D color Doppler echocardiogram, biomarkers measurements and device interrogation at implantation, 1 month after and every 6 months thereafter for a minimum of 2‐year follow‐up.ResultsThe study population was divided into two groups according to the presence of AF (AF group vs non‐AF group). The AF group was older (47.3 ± 8 vs 38.6 ± 7 years, P = .03) and showed higher serum levels of NT‐proBNP (151 ± 38.4 vs 107.3 ± 24.2 pg/mL, P < .001) and CP (18.9 ± 4.5 vs 7 ± 2.3 P < .001) than non‐AF Group. NT‐proBNP (P < .001) and CP (P < .001) were found to be an independent predictor of AF. Based on the receiver‐operating characteristics curve analysis, the cut‐off value for NT‐proBNP that best predicted AF event in DM1 patients was 123 pg/ml (sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 86.5%); the cut‐off value for CP that best predicted AF event in DM1 patients was 9 pmol/L (sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 87%).ConclusionNT‐proBNP and CP represent two independent predictors of AF onset in DM1 population with conduction disturbances underwent PM implantation.
Simvastatin preparations promote PDGF‐BB secretion to repair LPS‐induced endothelial injury through the PDGFRβ/PI3K/Akt/IQGAP1 signalling pathway
Authors: Zheng Xia , Zhang Wang , Wang Zhen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEndothelial barrier dysfunction is a critical pathophysiological process of sepsis. Impaired endothelial cell migration is one of the main reasons for endothelial dysfunction. Statins may have a protective effect on endothelial barrier function. However, the effect and mechanism of statins on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced endothelial barrier dysfunction remain unclear. Simvastatin (SV) was loaded in nanostructured lipid carriers to produce SV nanoparticles (SV‐NPs). Normal SV and SV‐NPs were used to treat human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by LPS. Barrier function was evaluated by monitoring cell monolayer permeability and transendothelial electrical resistance, and cell migration ability was measured by a wound healing assay. LY294002 and imatinib were used to inhibit the activity of PI3K/Akt and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) β. IQ‐GTPase‐activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) siRNA was used to knockdown endogenous IQGAP1, which was used to verify the role of the PDGFRβ/PI3K/Akt/IQGAP1 pathway in SV/SV‐NPs‐mediated barrier protection in HUVECs injured by LPS. The results show that SV/SV‐NPs promoted the migration and decreased the permeability of HUVECs treated with LPS, and the efficacy of the SV‐NPs exceeded that of SV significantly. LY294002, imatinib and IQGAP1 siRNA all suppressed the barrier protection of SV/SV‐NPs. SV/SV‐NPs promoted the secretion of platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) and activated the PDGFRβ/PI3K/Akt/IQGAP1 pathway. SV preparations restored endothelial barrier function by restoring endothelial cell migration, which is involved in the regulation of the PDGFRβ/PI3K/Akt/IQGAP1 pathway and PDGF‐BB secretion. As an appropriate formulation for restoring endothelial dysfunction, SV‐NPs may be more effective than SV.
Value and limitation of conization as a diagnostic procedure for cervical neoplasm
Authors: Yamamoto Rumiko , Sekiyama Kentaro , Higuchi Toshihiro , Ikeda Masae , Mikami Mikio , Kobayashi Yoichi , Nagase Satoru , Yokoyama Masatoshi , Enomoto Takayuki , Katabuchi Hidetaka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimIn the recent years, the number of cervical conization procedures performed for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes is increasing, accompanied by increased cervical neoplasia among young women. This study aimed to analyze the clinical data of patients who underwent conization in Japan.MethodsAmong the 14 832 cases of conization registered in 205 facilities over 2 years (2009–2011), the data of 2409 and 12 417 patients who underwent conization for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, respectively, were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe median age of the patients in diagnostic and therapeutic conization groups was 44 and 37 years, respectively. When comparing the diagnostic and therapeutic groups, 25.5% of the patients in the former were suspected with invasive cancer preoperatively, which is higher than that in the latter (2.7%). About 25.7% in the diagnostic and 14.1% in the therapeutic group had positive margin in the conization specimens. Additional treatment was required for 36.0% and 5.5% of the patients in the diagnostic and therapeutic groups, respectively, which are high figures for both. The risk factors of pathological upgrade in the conization specimens were diagnostic purpose, postmenopausal status and glandular lesion. Additional hysterectomy was performed in 1304 patients after conization, and pathological diagnosis was upgraded in 550 cases. Multivariate analysis revealed that postmenstrual status was an independent risk factor.ConclusionThis study revealed that cervical lesions of glandular lineage and patients with postmenopausal status benefit from diagnostic conization. However, in postmenopausal patients, the underlying disease cannot be excluded in the preserved uterus even by diagnostic conization.
Effect of renal ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury on pharmacokinetics of midazolam in rats
Authors: Tokunaga Ayako , Miyamoto Hirotaka , Fumoto Shintaro , Nishida Koyo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the effects of renal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) on the distribution of midazolam (MDZ), a probe drug for cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity.

Methods
We established an AKI model inducing ischaemia of both renal pedicles for 60 min followed by 24-h reperfusion. MDZ was administered intravenously (i.v.) to the rats via the jugular vein, and then, blood samples were collected to determine the plasma concentration of MDZ.

Key findings
While the plasma concentration of MDZ after i.v. administration was decreased in the I/R rats, the tissue concentration was not altered. In addition, the tissue-to-plasma (T/P) ratio of MDZ was increased in the I/R rats. The unbound fraction of MDZ and the level of indoxyl sulphate (IS) in plasma were elevated in the I/R rats. Furthermore, the unbound fraction of MDZ was significantly increased by the addition of IS.

Conclusions
These results indicated that the displacement of albumin-bound MDZ by IS changed the unbound fraction of MDZ and elevated the T/P ratio of MDZ in I/R rats.
Hypertension-induced cardiac impairment is reversed by the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Bal Nur Banu , Han Sevtap , Kiremitci Saba , Sadi Gökhan , Uludag Orhan , Demirel-Yilmaz Emine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, the role and mechanisms of ERS on hypertension-induced cardiac functional and morphological changes remain unclear. In this study, the effect of ERS inhibition with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on hypertension-induced cardiac remodelling was examined.

Methods
Hypertension was induced by deoxycorticosterone-acetate (DOCA) and salt administration in uni-nephrectomized rats for 12 weeks. TUDCA was administered for the last four weeks. Rhythmic activity and contractions of the right atrium and left papillary muscle (LPM) were recorded. In the left ventricle, the expression of various proteins was examined and histopathological evaluation was performed.

Key findings
Hypertension-induced increments in systolic blood pressure and ventricular contractions were reversed by TUDCA. In the hypertensive heart, while expressions of glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), phospho-dsRNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase (p-PERK), sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase-2 (SERCA2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and nuclear NF-κB p65 increased; Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) expression decreased and the altered levels of all these markers were restored by TUDCA. In the microscopic examination, TUDCA treatment attenuated hypertension-stimulated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.

Conclusions
These results suggest that ERS inhibition may ameliorate cardiac contractility through improving ERS-associated calcium mishandling, apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis, thereby offering therapeutic potential in hypertension-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Relationships between chemical composition and in vitro gas production parameters of maize leaves and stems
Authors: He Yuan , Cone John W. , Hendriks Wouter H. , Dijkstra Jan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the chemical composition (proximate and Van Soest analysis) and in vitro gas production parameters of maize leaves and stems separately, and related the in vitro gas production parameters with the chemical composition, of thirteen maize cultivars. After harvest in September 2016, all plants were separated into two morphological fractions: leaves and stems. The crude protein (CP) content was greater, and the ratio of acid detergent lignin (ADL) to potentially rumen degradable fibre (calculated as the difference between neutral detergent fibre and ADL; ADL:pRDF) was lower in the leaves than in the stems in all 13 cultivars. For the leaves, the cumulative gas production between 3 and 20 hr (A2), representing cell wall fermentation in the rumen fluid, and the cumulative 72‐hr gas production (GP72), representing total organic matter (OM) degradation, were moderately to weakly correlated with the chemical composition, including hemicellulose, cellulose, ADL and CP content (R2 < 0.40), whilst the best relationship between the half‐time value (B2), representing the rate of cell wall degradation, and chemical composition had an R2 of 0.63. For the stems, the best relationship between A2, B2 and GP72 with chemical composition was greater (R2 ≥ 0.74) and the best relationship included hemicellulose (A2 only), cellulose and ADL (GP72 and A2 only) contents. In conclusion, maize leaves and stems differed in chemical composition, in particular CP content and ADL:pRDF. The A2 and GP72 of the stems, but not of the leaves, were highly correlated with the chemical composition, indicating that the cell wall and OM degradation of maize stems can be better predicted by its chemical composition.