bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal reliability of outcome measures in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Nagy Sara , Schädelin Sabine , Hafner Patricia , Bonati Ulrike , Scherrer Delia , Ebi Selina , Schmidt Simone , Orsini Anna‐Lena , Bieri Oliver , Fischer Dirk 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe definition of reliable outcome measures is of increasing interest in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed the longitudinal reliability of clinical and radiological endpoints in 29 ambulant patients with DMD. Clinical outcome measures included motor function measure (MFM) and timed function tests, while quantitative MRI data were mean fat fraction (MFF) and T2 relaxation time of thigh muscles. Statistical analysis was based on 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐up data.ResultsQuantitative MRI using the MFF was the most sensitive and powerful marker of disease progression with a sample size of four at 1‐year follow‐up, followed by the D1 domain of MFM (standing and transfer function) with a sample size of 12.DiscussionOur data support the longitudinal design of clinical trials over at least 12 months and the combinational use of clinical and radiological surrogate outcome measures.
A diagonal splitting method for solving semidiscretized parabolic partial differential equations
Authors: Hosseini Rasool , Tatari Mehdi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, a diagonal splitting idea is presented for solving linear systems of ordinary differential equations. The resulting methods are specially efficient for solving systems which have arisen from semidiscretization of parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). Unconditional stability of methods for heat equation and advection–diffusion equation is shown in maximum norm. Generalization of the methods in higher dimensions is discussed. Some illustrative examples are presented to show efficiency of the new methods.
Synthesis and properties of prepolymers and their siloxane analogues by thiol‐ene polyaddition of limonene with dithiols
Authors: Drozdov Fedor V , Tarasenkov Alexandr N , Cherkaev Georgij V , Demchenko Nina V , Buzin Michail I , Leites Larissa A , Muzafarov Aziz M 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis work presents a synthesis of monomers from a natural compound (limonene) and dimethylsiloxanes with various chain lengths by hydrosilylation. Based on these monomers, prepolymers with various lengths of the siloxane and methylene parts, as well as their analogues without siloxane moieties, were obtained by thiol‐ene polyaddition with ethanedithiol, butanedithiol and hexanedithiol. Their physicochemical characteristics, namely the thermal stability, phase behaviour and intrinsic viscosity of the polymers obtained, were compared as a function of the length of the methylene spacer and the siloxane part in the polymer chain. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Tellurium‐based screen‐printable conductor metallizations for crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Mikeska Kurt R. , Lu Meijun , Liao Weilin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTellurium‐based screen‐printable conductor metallization pastes containing multiple inorganic solid‐state frits (ie, metallization pastes containing two or more individual discrete tellurium‐based frits) were evaluated on p‐type, mono‐crystalline silicon passivated emitter rear cell (PERC) wafers. Individual discrete frits with tellurium‐lead‐metal‐oxygen compositions of
were prepared with varying ratios of tellurium and lead cations. Screen‐printed solar cells fabricated from metallization pastes containing multiple discrete frits (two, three, and four discrete frits) had state‐of‐the‐art solar cell electrical properties (Eff = 21.1%). Mechanisms for the oxidation, dissolution, and removal of the SiNx:H antireflective coating (ARC) by tellurium‐based metallizations during solar cell firing are examined. In situ thermal analysis of a model frit‐silicon nitride system shows that frit glass transition temperatures coincide with the onset of silicon nitride oxidation during heating in accord with dissolution reactions. The advantage of multiple frit systems is an inherent ability to fine‐tune the final chemistry of the conductor metallization, beyond what is possible with single frit systems, to further improve solar cell performance, which is essential for advanced crystalline silicon solar cell devices and continued reductions in processing costs.
Impact of weighted average cost of capital, capital expenditure, and other parameters on future utility‐scale PV levelised cost of electricity
Authors: Vartiainen Eero , Masson Gaëtan , Breyer Christian , Moser David , Román Medina Eduardo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSolar photovoltaics (PV) is already the cheapest form of electricity generation in many countries and market segments. Market prices of PV modules and systems have developed so fast that it is difficult to find reliable up to date public data on real PV capital (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX) on which to base the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) calculations. This paper projects the future utility‐scale PV LCOE until 2050 in several European countries. It uses the most recent and best available public input data for the PV LCOE calculations and future projections. Utility‐scale PV LCOE in 2019 in Europe with 7% nominal weighted average cost of capital (WACC) ranges from 24 €/MWh in Malaga to 42 €/MWh in Helsinki. This is remarkable since the average electricity day‐ahead market price in Finland was 47 €/MWh and in Spain 57 €/MWh in 2018. This means that PV is already cheaper than average spot market electricity all over Europe. By 2030, PV LCOE will range from 14 €/MWh in Malaga to 24 €/MWh in Helsinki with 7% nominal WACC. This range will be 9 to 15 €/MWh by 2050, making PV clearly the cheapest form of electricity generation everywhere. Sensitivity analysis shows that apart from location, WACC is the most important input parameter in the calculation of PV LCOE. Increasing nominal WACC from 2 to 10% will double the LCOE. Changes in PV CAPEX and OPEX, learning rates, or market volume growth scenarios have a relatively smaller impact on future PV LCOE.
Longitudinal disciplinary and achievement outcomes associated with school‐wide PBIS implementation level
Authors: James Anthony G. , Noltemeyer Amity , Ritchie Rachel , Palmer Katelyn , University Miami 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPositive behavioral interventions and support (PBIS) is a multitiered framework for behavioral support that is being increasingly implemented in schools. Although research has linked PBIS to improved student outcomes, less research is longitudinal and considers both academic and behavioral outcomes. This study examined the relationships between changes in school‐wide (i.e., Tier I) PBIS implementation level and changes in disciplinary and achievement outcomes over a 2‐year period. Participants included 85 Ohio schools with data on PBIS implementation fidelity (from the tiered fidelity inventory, or TFI), out‐of‐school suspensions (OSSs), and statewide achievement tests for the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 school years. Linear regressions were conducted to examine the degree to which changes in TFI Tier I scores predicted changes in OSS and achievement scores when controlling for school‐level demographic variables that also were related to the outcome variables. Changes in TFI Tier I scores was found to significantly predict changes in OSS per 100 students but not changes in achievement scores.
An in‐line high frequency flow interrupter applied to nasal CPAP: Improved carbon dioxide clearance in a premature infant lung model
Authors: Sivieri Emidio M. , Eichenwald Eric C. , Rub David M. , Abbasi Soraya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive respiratory support continues to have high failure rates in small preterm infants. We previously demonstrated significantly improved in vitro CO2 washout by applying oscillations to a high flow nasal cannula system.ObjectiveTo develop a high frequency flow interrupter that could be applied to commonly used nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) devices and to determine the effect of oscillations on end‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) levels in an infant lung model.Design/MethodsNCPAP was applied to a premature infant lung simulator using either bubble (BCPAP) or variable‐flow (VCPAP) CPAP. Supply gas was interrupted with a solenoid pinch valve. EtCO2 was measured before and during oscillation and repeated at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 Hz oscillation and CPAP pressures of 4, 6, and 8 cm H
2O.ResultsBCPAP and VCPAP EtCO2 levels decreased with oscillation (P < .001). BCPAP EtCO2 was significantly dependent on oscillation frequency (P < .001) with decreases of 18% to 47% and maximum effect at 10 Hz. Optimum VCPAP CO2 clearance occurred at 6 Hz with reductions of 30% and 39% at 6 and 8 cm H2O CPAP respectively. BCPAP and VCPAP mean airway pressures remained unchanged transitioning from nonoscillation to oscillation. Oscillated BCPAP and VCPAP average amplitudes were 8.3 ± 0.5 and 8.4 ± 2.3 SD cm H2O, respectively. Power spectrum analysis of non‐oscillated BCPAP showed bubbling‐only dominant peaks at 10 to 12 Hz corresponding with the maximum BCPAP EtCO2 reductions.ConclusionApplication of high frequency oscillation to NCPAP improves CO2 clearance in a premature infant lung model. This simple modification to NCPAP delivery devices may prove to be an effective enhancement of this mode of noninvasive respiratory support.
Mitigating the effect of language in the assessment of science: A study of English‐language learners in primary classrooms in the United Kingdom
Authors: Afitska Oksana , Heaton Timothy J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChildren coming from homes where English is not their first language constitute a significant and increasing proportion of classrooms worldwide. Providing these English‐language learners (ELLs) with equitable assessment opportunities is a challenge. We analyze the performance of 485 students, both English‐native‐speakers (ENSs) and ELLs, across five schools within the United Kingdom in the 7–11‐year age group on standardized summative Science assessment tasks. Logistic regression with random effects assesses the impact of English‐language proficiency, and its interactions with question traits, on performance. Traits investigated were: question focus; need for active language production; presence/absence of visuals; and question difficulty. Results demonstrated that, while ELLs persistently performed more poorly, the gap to their ENS peers depended significantly upon assessment traits. ELLs were particularly disadvantaged when responses required active language production and/or when assessed on specific scientific vocabulary. Presence of visual prompts did not help ELL performance. There was no evidence of an interaction between topic difficulty and language ability suggesting lower ELL performance is not related to capacity to understand advanced topics. We propose assessment should permit flexibility in language choice and production type for ELLs with low English language proficiency; while simultaneously recommend subject‐specific teaching of scientific language begins at lower stages of schooling.
Toward a practice‐based theory for how professional learning communities engage in the improvement of tools and practices for scientific modeling
Authors: Thompson Jessica J. , Hagenah Sara , McDonald Scott , Barchenger Christie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo organize for the improvement of science instruction teachers need opportunities to collaboratively learn from practice, in practice, and to engage in the revision of classroom tools. In this paper, we examine how a professional learning community (PLC), comprised of middle school teachers and researchers, worked on the improvement of Ambitious Science Teaching (AST) practices and developed instructional practices and tools supporting model‐based inquiry. This paper focuses on the first year of a 5‐year research–practice partnership in which teachers and researchers routinely coplanned, cotaught, and codebriefed science lessons via improvement cycles. We conducted an analysis of teacher‐designed tools, reflective talk, and classroom observations. All teachers engaged in increasingly sophisticated forms of AST practices over the year and began to use a similar tool to scaffold scientific modeling with students. Yet, there were two distinct variations that evolved with grade‐level teams. One team developed a practice and tool supporting students’ final form articulation of ideas with models and the other team developed a practice and tools supporting the revision of models over a unit of instruction. We argue that both grade‐level teams engaged in productive learning and that PLC benefited from having different perspectives on relatively similar practices for scaffolding students’ scientific modeling. On the basis of the findings, we propose three key components to a practice‐based theory for how PLCs negotiate tools as a part of the improvement of teaching practices: anchoring improvement in a particular tool and practice, supporting variation in teacher learning and making teachers’ pedagogical reasoning explicit.
A tale of two camps: A mixed methods investigation into racially disparate outcomes in a nanotechnology research experience
Authors: Mutegi Jomo W. , Sorge Brandon , Fore Grant A. , Gibau Gina S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis mixed methods study reports data from the implementation of a 2‐week nanotechnology camp for secondary level students. The camp, Nanotechnology Experiences for Students and Teachers, had the overarching goal of increasing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) interest among the next generation of potential STEM professionals. Statistical pre‐ and postsurvey data indicate that overall the camp was successful in fostering increased STEM interest among participants. However, early analysis of ethnographic data showed that African American students were observed to have radically different experiences than the non‐African American students. To better understand why the camp yielded such divergent outcomes, we examined ethnographic data focusing specifically on incidents of microaggressions. We were particularly interested in the impact that microaggressions had on African American students’ camp experience and learning. Our data show that microaggressions were pervasive; they came from students, instructors, and the environment; and in response, African American students adopted detachment‐coping strategies. Together these factors worked against African American students’ success. We conclude with suggestions for practice.
Synthesis of H4Mn5O12 Nanotubes Lithium Ion Sieve and Its Adsorption Properties for Li+ from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Xu Naicai , Li Sixia , Guo Min , Qian Zhiqiang , Li Wu , Liu Zhong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLi4Mn5O12 with nanotubes morphology was successfully prepared by hydrothermal and solid phase reaction. The as‐obtained adsorbent was determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and N2 ad/desorption technologies. The characterization results indicated that spinel H4Mn5O12 took on two‐dimensional nanotubes morphology with the diameter of pore ∼200 nm, BET surface area is 92.997 m2⋅g−1, and the corresponding pore size centers at 3.4, 35.9 and 156.5 nm. The adsorption experimental results showed that the maximum Li+ adsorption capacity of H4Mn5O12 was as high as 37.0 mg⋅g−1, and the adsorption process fit well with Langmuir model. In addition, adsorption kinetic experimental data were well fitted by the pseudo‐second‐order model, which indicated the adsorption process followed chemisorption involving in ion exchange. The effects of co‐existing cations on lithium recovery suggested that Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions had very small effect on recovery of lithium. The regeneration of H4Mn5O12 for the multicyclic Li+ adsorption and desorption were also assessed. The result implied that most of Li+ could be desorbed within 40 min, but the adsorption capacity decreased when the number of cycles was five, which indicated that the structure of H4Mn5O12 was needed to be improved. Lithium adsorption onto H4Mn5O12 could be attributed to electrostatic interaction and ion exchange between Li+ and H+ according to the results of adsorption isotherm and kinetics properties.
A Light‐Up Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Formaldehyde in Serum and Gaseous Based on d‐PeT Process
Authors: Chen Hui , Zhou Yang , Zheng Kaibo , Zhang Nuonuo , Tan Xuecai , Chen Weifeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new Light‐Up fluorescent probe (FA‐P) for detection of formaldehyde was designed and synthesized based on the donor‐excited photo induced electron transfer (d‐PeT) process. The probe FA‐P was constructed by integrating a benzothiazole derivatives as the fluorescent skeleton and homoallylamino group as the specific recognition site. It showed the unique advantages of easy‐preparation, and excellent selectivity response toward formaldehyde. Besides, The probe FA‐P can not only detect formaldehyde gas through the prepared test paper, but also detect formaldehyde in serum solution.
Mg2+ and Ti4+ Co–Doped Spinel LiMn2O4 as Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode
Authors: Yang Zengrong , Wang Yujie , Chen Xianchun , Wu Hao , Zhang Yun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein, Mg2+ and Ti4+ co‐doped spinel LiMn2O4 lithium‐ion cathode material was prepared via a simple high‐temperature solid‐state route, presenting the high specific capacity, upgraded cyclability, and enhanced rate capability contemporaneously. The introduction of Mg2+ reducing the relative content of Mn3+ in the LiMn2O4 material could not only well restrain the Jahn‐Teller effect due to the average‐valence increment of manganese, but also highly maintain the stability of cubic spinel structure upon cycling by virtue of stronger bond energy of Mg−O compared with Mn−O. What's more, Ti4+ doping with a replacement of Mn4+ increases the lattice parameter of LiMn2O4 which could facilitate the insertion and deinsertion of Li+, and could also offer a positive effect to suppress the dissolution of manganese via changing the surface microstructure of material. Therefore, the co‐doped LiMn2O4 electrode exhibits a high Li+ storage capacity (124 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), good capacity‐retention rate (97% after 100 cycles at 5 C), enhanced rate capability (85 mAh g−1 at 5 C) and improved cycling performance (80 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 5 C).
Size‐, Water‐, and Defect‐Regulated Potassium Manganese Hexacyanoferrate with Superior Cycling Stability and Rate Capability for Low‐Cost Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Aijun , Xu Zemin , Gao Hongcai , Xue Leigang , Li Jingze , Goodenough John B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPotassium manganese hexacyanoferrate (KMHCF) is a low‐cost Prussian blue analogue (PBA) having a rigid and open framework that can accommodate large alkali ions. Herein, the synthesis of KMHCF and its application as a high‐performance cathode in sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) is reported. High‐quality KMHCF with low amounts of crystal water and defects and with homogeneous microstructure is obtained by controlling the nucleation and grain growth by using a high‐concentration citrate solution as a precipitation medium. The obtained KMHCF exhibits superior cycling and rate performance as a NIB cathode, showing 80% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 C and a high capacity of 95 mA h g−1 at 20 C. Unlike conventional single‐cation batteries, the hybrid NIB with KMHCF as cathode and Na as anode in Na‐ion electrolyte displays three reversible plateaus that involve stepwise insertion/extraction of both K+ and Na+ in the PBA framework. In later cycling, the K+–Na+ cointercalated phase is partially converted into a cubic sodium manganese hexacyanoferrate (NaMHCF) phase due to the increasing replacement of Na+ for K+.
High Amplification of the Antiviral Activity of Curcumin through Transformation into Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Lin Chin‐Jung , Chang Lung , Chu Han‐Wei , Lin Han‐Jia , Chang Pei‐Ching , Wang Robert Y. L. , Unnikrishnan Binesh , Mao Ju‐Yi , Chen Shiow‐Yi , Huang Chih‐Ching 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is demonstrated that carbon quantum dots derived from curcumin (Cur‐CQDs) through one‐step dry heating are effective antiviral agents against enterovirus 71 (EV71). The surface properties of Cur‐CQDs, as well as their antiviral activity, are highly dependent on the heating temperature during synthesis. The one‐step heating of curcumin at 180 °C preserves many of the moieties of polymeric curcumin on the surfaces of the as‐synthesized Cur‐CQDs, resulting in superior antiviral characteristics. It is proposed that curcumin undergoes a series of structural changes through dehydration, polymerization, and carbonization to form core–shell CQDs whose surfaces remain a pyrolytic curcumin‐like polymer, boosting the antiviral activity. The results reveal that curcumin possesses insignificant inhibitory activity against EV71 infection in RD cells [half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) >200 µg mL−1] but exhibits high cytotoxicity toward RD cells (half‐maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) <13 µg mL−1). The EC50 (0.2 µg mL−1) and CC50 (452.2 µg mL−1) of Cur‐CQDs are >1000‐fold lower and >34‐fold higher, respectively, than those of curcumin, demonstrating their far superior antiviral capabilities and high biocompatibility. In vivo, intraperitoneal administration of Cur‐CQDs significantly decreases mortality and provides protection against virus‐induced hind‐limb paralysis in new‐born mice challenged with a lethal dose of EV71.
Cobalt Nanoparticles and Atomic Sites in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Frameworks for Highly Sensitive Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Li Zehui , Liu Rongji , Tang Cheng , Wang Zhuoya , Chen Xiao , Jiang Yuheng , Wang Chizhong , Yuan Yi , Wang Wenbo , Wang Dongbin , Chen Shuning , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Zhang Qiang , Jiang Jingkun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn situ monitoring of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during its production process is needed. Here, an electrochemical H2O2 sensor with a wide linear current response range (concentration: 5 × 10−8 to 5 × 10−2 m), a low detection limit (32.4 × 10−9 m), and a high sensitivity (568.47 µA mm−1 cm−2) is developed. The electrocatalyst of the sensor consists of cobalt nanoparticles and atomic Co‐Nx moieties anchored on nitrogen doped carbon nanotube arrays (Co‐N/CNT), which is obtained through the pyrolysis of the sandwich‐like urea@ZIF‐67 complex. More cobalt nanoparticles and atomic Co‐Nx as active sites are exposed during pyrolysis, contributing to higher electrocatalytic activity. Moreover, a portable screen‐printed electrode sensor is constructed and demonstrated for rapidly detecting (cost ≈40 s) H2O2 produced in microbial fuel cells with only 50 µL solution. Both the synthesis strategy and sensor design can be applied to other energy and environmental fields.