bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrio spp. from Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) demonstrating virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: De Silva B. C. J. , Hossain Sabrina , Dahanayake P. S. , Kang Tae‐Myung , Heo Gang‐Joon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe report the prevalence and characterization of Vibrio spp. isolated from marketed Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) in Korea. A total of 30 isolates including, V. parahaemolyticus (n = 2), V. alginolyticus (n = 9), V. fluvialis (n = 7), V. diabolicus (n = 7), V. anguillarum (n = 4) and V. aestuarianus (n = 1) were isolated and identified. The phenotypic pathogenicity tests demonstrated that, 18 (60%), 21 (70%), 18 (60%), 7 (23%), 22 (73%), 21 (70%), 9 (30%), and 11 (33%) of the isolates were positive for DNase, protease, gelatinase, lipase, phospho‐lipase, amylase, slime production, and haemolysis, respectively. PCR assays revealed the prevalence of toxR, tlh, VAC, vfh, hupO, and VPI genes among the isolates with varying combinations. A close genetic affinity among V. alginolyticus and V. diabolicus strains was observed. Also the virulence genes specific to one Vibrio species were detected among other species as well. In addition, 29/30 (97%) isolates were multidrug resistant, while higher resistance rates were shown for ampicillin, colistin, vancomycin, and cephalothin. The results imply that the scallops in Korean markets harbor Vibrio spp., which are potentially virulent and multidrug resistant, thus their public health implications should not be underrated.Practical applicationsFor many decades, vibrios are known for its importance in seafoodborne illnesses. Yesso scallop is the most popular and extensively cultured scallop variety in Korea. Therefore, we sought to assess the marketed fresh Yesso scallops for the prevalence and molecular characterization of Vibrio species. A total of 30 strains were isolated and identified by a series of biochemical tests, subsequent gyrB gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Six Vibrio spp. were identified with V. alginolyticus as the most prevalent. Interestingly, V. alginolyticus was genetically similar to V. diabolicus. Besides, the virulence genes specific to V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus were observed in other species as well. It suggests that the detection of the species‐specific genes does not ensure the correct identification of pathogenic vibrios. Further, the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus‐specific virulence genes in other Vibrio spp. potentially complicates the correct tracking of V. parahaemolyticus infections. In addition, 73% of these Vibrio spp. isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices higher than 0.2, which signifies their high risk of infection. Collectively, these results provide important evidence that not only the well‐known pathogenic vibrios like V. parahaemolyticus, but also other Vibrio spp. can act alike because of their similar characteristics.
Vonoprazan versus proton‐pump inhibitors for healing gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review
Authors: Miyazaki Hirota , Igarashi Ataru , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Teng Lida , Uda Akihito , Deguchi Hisato , Higuchi Kazuhide , Tango Toshiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease caused by reflux of gastric contents to the esophagus. Proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs) are recommended as a first‐line therapy to treat GERD. Recently, a new potassium‐competitive acid blocker, vonoprazan, was launched in Japan. We aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of vonoprazan and other PPIs in healing GERD.MethodsWe used MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to search the literature. Double‐blind randomized controlled trials for PPIs and/or vonoprazan that were published in English or Japanese and assessed healing effects in adult GERD patients were included. To estimate the comparative efficacy of treatments, we performed a Bayesian network meta‐analysis to assess the consistency assumption.ResultsOf 4001 articles identified in the database, 42 studies were eligible. One study was hand‐searched and added to the analysis. For the main analysis of healing effects at 8 weeks, odds ratios (ORs) of vonoprazan (20 mg daily) to esomeprazole (20 mg), rabeprazole (20 mg), lansoprazole (30 mg), and omeprazole (20 mg) were 2.29 (95% credible interval, 0.79–7.06), 3.94 (1.15–14.03), 2.40 (0.90–6.77), and 2.71 (0.98–7.90), respectively. Subgroup analysis for patients with severe esophagitis at baseline showed significantly higher ORs for vonoprazan versus most of the comparator PPIs.ConclusionsThis analysis shows that the GERD healing effect of vonoprazan is higher than that of rabeprazole (20 mg) but not higher than other PPIs. Subgroup analysis indicated that vonoprazan is more effective than most PPIs for patients with severe erosive esophagitis.
Significant effects of late evening snack on liver functions in patients with liver cirrhosis: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Chen‐Ju , Wang Liang‐Chao , Kuo Hsing‐Tao , Fang Yu‐Chiung , Lee Huan‐Fang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimReducing post‐absorptive (fasting) phase by eating late evening snacks (LESs) is a potential intervention to improve substrate utilization and reverse sarcopenia. This study analyzed the results of published randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials to evaluate the effects of LES on liver function of patients with cirrhosis.MethodsA meta‐analysis was conducted. The search strategy included electronic database searches, and 300 articles were searched. Eight of these articles provided qualified data for pooling and analysis. Outcomes assessments included serum albumin, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time, and aspartate aminotransferase, complications of cirrhosis, severity of liver disease, and blood glucose levels.ResultsOur analysis included eight studies comprising 341 patients (167 in LES groups and 174 in control groups). The results showed that LES intervention helped to maintain liver reserves. These eight studies demonstrated that LES intervention had significant effects for liver biochemical parameters on albumin, ammonia, and prothrombin time, with respective effect sizes of 0.233, −0.425, and −0.589; liver enzymes include aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, with respective effect sizes of −0.320 and −0.284. Studies on clinical signs of liver dysfunction showed lower occurrence rates of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy than in the control group. LES had no significant effect on Child–Pugh score.ConclusionsThe overall results of the meta‐analysis indicated that having LES can improve liver function reserve for patients with liver cirrhosis, with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. LES is a promising intervention for reversing anabolic resistance and the sarcopenia of cirrhosis, resulting in an improved quality of life for patients with cirrhosis.
Efficacy of articaine vs lignocaine in maxillary and mandibular infiltration and block anesthesia in the dental treatments of adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Soysa Niroshani S. , Soysa Ishani B. , Alles Neil 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present systematic review and meta‐analysis was to address the following Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome question: Is the efficacy of articaine better than lignocaine in adults requiring dental treatment? Four percent articaine was compared with 2% lignocaine for maxillary and mandibular infiltrations and block anesthesia, and with the principal outcome measures of anesthetic success. Using RevMan software, the weighted anesthesia success rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and compared using a random‐effects model. For combined studies, articaine was more likely to achieve successful anesthesia than lignocaine (N = 18, odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.45‐2.56, P < 0.00001, I2 = 32%). Maxillary and mandibular infiltration studies showed obvious superiority of articaine to lignocaine (N = 8, OR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.51‐4.15, P = 0.0004, I2 = 41%). Maxillary infiltration subgroup analysis showed no significant difference between articaine and lignocaine (N = 5, OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 0.88‐3.23, P = 0.11, I2 = 19%). For combined mandibular anesthesia studies, articaine was superior to lignocaine (N = 14, OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.45‐2.72, P < 0.0001, I2 = 32%), with further subgroup analysis showing significant differences in both mandibular block anesthesia (N = 11, OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.19‐2.03, P = 0.001), I2 = 0%) and mandibular infiltration (N = 3, OR: 3.87, 95% CI: 2.62‐5.72, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), indicating that articaine is more effective than lignocaine in providing anesthetic success in routine dental procedures.
Client‐Centered Mobile Health Care Applications: Using the Mobile Application Rating Scale Instrument for Evidence‐Based Evaluation
Authors: Stec Melissa A. , Arbour Megan W. , Hines Heather Findletar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe use of mobile devices and applications (apps) to monitor or assist in health behaviors is rapidly expanding in many areas of society. Clinicians desire evidence‐based app recommendations for their clients to increase self‐care and wellness management in such areas as mindfulness, weight loss and activity tracking, glycemic control, and consumer medication information. Given the constant influx of new apps into the major app repositories, clinicians need to be able to ensure the quality of information and interaction that occurs within the mobile health (mHealth) marketplace. The Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) and the user version of the scale are valid and reliable instruments used to examine the engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and quality of information in mHealth apps. MARS‐rated apps can be readily available resources for busy clinicians to make app suggestions to assist clients on a variety of topics that promote improved outcomes. This article reviews the MARS instrument and utilization of the instrument by clinicians and summarizes several primary care and wellness apps that have been evaluated using this tool.
Price Discovery without Trading: Evidence from Limit Orders
Authors: BROGAARD JONATHAN , HENDERSHOTT TERRENCE , RIORDAN RYAN 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWe analyze
the contribution to price discovery of market and limit orders by high‐frequency traders (HFTs) and non‐HFTs. While market orders have a larger individual price impact, limit orders are far more numerous. This results in price discovery occurring predominantly through limit orders. HFTs submit the bulk of limit orders and these limit orders provide most of the price discovery. Submissions of limit orders and their contribution to price discovery fall with volatility due to changes in HFTs’ behavior. Consistent with adverse selection arising from faster reactions to public information, HFTs’ informational advantage is partially explained by public information.
CEO Horizon, Optimal Pay Duration, and the Escalation of Short‐Termism
Authors: MARINOVIC IVAN , VARAS FELIPE 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper studies optimal contracts when managers manipulate their performance measure at the expense of firm value. Optimal contracts defer compensation. The manager's incentives vest over time at an increasing rate, and compensation becomes very sensitive to short‐term performance. This generates an endogenous horizon problem whereby managers intensify performance manipulation in their final years in office. Contracts are designed to encourage effort while minimizing the adverse effects of manipulation. We characterize the optimal mix of short‐ and long‐term compensation along the manager's tenure, the optimal vesting period of incentive pay, and the dynamics of short‐termism over the CEO's tenure.
Prospective study of bidet toilet use: Association of abnormal vaginal colonization and preterm birth in high‐risk pregnant women
Authors: Kim Yoo‐Min , Kim Ji Y. , Lee Mi‐Young , Choi Suk‐Joo , Oh Soo‐young , Shim Jae‐Yoon , Roh Cheong‐Rae 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the association of bidet toilet use with abnormal vaginal microbial colonization and preterm birth (PTB) in high‐risk pregnancies.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study of 208 women, who were admitted to a high‐risk pregnancy unit, due to preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of the membrane, or short cervical length, in two tertiary hospitals from April 2015 to July 2017. Responses to a questionnaire about using bidet toilet and vaginal culture were obtained upon admission. Maternal baseline characteristics, vaginal culture results, and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were compared between bidet toilet users and nonusers.ResultsAmong the 204 subjects, 67 (32.8%) women were identified as bidet toilet users. Overall, bidet toilet use was associated with a higher rate of abnormal vaginal microbial colonization, compared to the nonusers (60.7% vs 44.2%, P = 0.036). Notably, Escherichia coli colonization rate was significantly higher in bidet toilet users than nonusers (13.1% vs 3.3%, P = 0.023). Bidet toilet users had a significantly higher rate of PTB before 37 weeks of gestation, compared to the nonusers (87.3% vs 73.0%, P = 0.040).ConclusionOur study suggests that chronic use of a bidet toilet is associated with a higher rate of abnormal vaginal colonization by Gram‐negative bacteria and PTB in high‐risk pregnancies.
Sonography and sonoelastography in the detection of malignancy in superficial lymph nodes of dogs
Authors: Belotta Alexandra F. , Gomes Marcela C. , Rocha Noeme S. , Melchert Alessandra , Giuffrida Rogério , Silva Jeana P. , Mamprim Maria J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical applicability of sonography and sonoelastography (SOE) in the detection of lymph node malignancy in dogs has not been established.ObjectivesTo compare sonographic and sonoelastographic findings between malignant and benign superficial lymph nodes and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of those methods.AnimalsOne‐hundred sixteen lymph nodes of 54 dogs.MethodsA prospective observational study was used to investigate sonographic features and elasticity scores of malignant and benign superficial lymph nodes. Lymph nodes were categorized as malignant or benign according to cytology or histopathology. Quantitative variables were compared using Student's unpaired t test. Prevalence of categorical variables was compared using nonparametric Mann‐Whitney U test. Diagnostic performance was calculated by receiver‐operating characteristic analysis.ResultsForty‐nine malignant and 67 benign lymph nodes were included. Malignant nodes had larger long axis (LA; P = .0002), short axis (SA; P < .0001) and short‐to‐long axis ratio (P < .0001) in comparison with benign nodes. Malignant nodes had a higher prevalence of mixed vascular distribution on Doppler color flow mapping (P < .005) and on power Doppler (P < .0001) and higher resistivity index (RI; P < .0001), pulsatility index (P < .0001), and elasticity score (P < .0001) in comparison with benign nodes. Short axis, elasticity score, and RI offered the best accuracies, 80.2%, 78.1%, and 77.7% (P < .05), respectively, for malignancy detection.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceResults support the use of Doppler sonography and SOE as auxiliary methods to brightness mode sonography to detect nodal malignancy.
Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate treatment of copper‐associated hepatopathy in dogs
Authors: Langlois Daniel K. , Querubin Janice R. , Schall William D. , Nelson Nathan C. , Smedley Rebecca C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundCopper‐associated hepatopathy (CAH) is a common cause of liver disease in dogs. Althoughd‐penicillamine can be an effective treatment, some dogs fail treatment or develop adverse effects. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) has been used to treat pathologic copper accumulation in other species, but its therapeutic potential for CAH is unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate short‐term safety and efficacy of TTM for treatment of CAH.AnimalsTen dogs with CAH.MethodsProspective study. All dogs were treated with TTM PO for 6 weeks, and hepatic biopsies were performed after the treatment course. Dog experiencing initial decreases in hepatic copper concentrations ([Cu]H) received 6 additional weeks of TTM treatment and underwent 1 additional biopsy. Physical and laboratory examinations were performed every 2 weeks for study duration.ResultsEight of 10 dogs had decreases in [Cu]H. Compared to baseline (median, 1606 μg/g; range, 572‐5158 μg/g), [Cu]Hwere decreased at 6 weeks (1033 μg/g, 450‐2975 μg/g;P = .04) and 12 weeks (931 μg/g, 218‐1677 μg/g;P = .02). Hepatic molybdenum concentrations increased >50‐fold (P < 0.001). Changes in histologic scores and hematologic and biochemical test results were variable and not significantly different from baseline. One dog developed presumed immune‐mediated anemia and thrombocytopenia, but it was unclear if this was related to TTM administration.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceResults suggest that TTM can effectively decrease [Cu]Hin some dogs with CAH. Larger studies are needed to determine the overall safety and efficacy of TTM for treating CAH and how it compares with current treatments.
Marx‐biased technical change and income distribution: A panel data analysis
Authors: Campbell Travis , Tavani Daniele 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper provides a further empirical evaluation of the Neoclassical theory of distribution as opposed to Marx‐biased technical change (MBTC) using a series of panel estimators. We argue that a panel data analysis is instrumental in increasing the efficiency and validity of the test. Our results generalize previous findings in providing support for MBTC and against the Neoclassical theory of income distribution.
Analysis of a flagellar filament cap mutant reveals that HtrA serine protease degrades unfolded flagellin protein in the periplasm of Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Zhang Kai , Qin Zhuan , Chang Yunjie , Liu Jun , Malkowski Michael G. , Shipa Saimtun , Li Li , Qiu Weigang , Zhang Jing‐Ren , Li Chunhao 
Published: March 2019

SummaryUnlike external flagellated bacteria, spirochetes have periplasmic flagella (PF). Very little is known about how PF are assembled within the periplasm of spirochaetal cells. Herein, we report that FliD (BB0149), a flagellar cap protein (also named hook‐associated protein 2), controls flagellin stability and flagellar filament assembly in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Deletion of fliD leads to non‐motile mutant cells that are unable to assemble flagellar filaments and pentagon‐shaped caps (10 nm in diameter, 12 nm in length). Interestingly, FlaB, a major flagellin protein of B. burgdorferi, is degraded in the fliD mutant but not in other flagella‐deficient mutants (i.e., in the hook, rod, or MS‐ring). Biochemical and genetic studies reveal that HtrA, a serine protease of B. burgdorferi, controls FlaB turnover. Specifically, HtrA degrades unfolded but not polymerized FlaB, and deletion of htrA increases the level of FlaB in the fliD mutant. Collectively, we propose that the flagellar cap protein FliD promotes flagellin polymerization and filament growth in the periplasm. Deletion of fliD abolishes this process, which leads to leakage of unfolded FlaB proteins into the periplasm where they are degraded by HtrA, a protease that prevents accumulation of toxic products in the periplasm.
Structural basis for interaction of DivIVA/GpsB proteins with their ligands
Authors: Halbedel Sven , Lewis Richard J. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryDivIVA proteins and their GpsB homologues are late cell division proteins found in Gram‐positive bacteria. DivIVA/GpsB proteins associate with the inner leaflet of the cytosolic membrane and act as scaffolds for other proteins required for cell growth and division. DivIVA/GpsB proteins comprise an N‐terminal lipid‐binding domain for membrane association fused to C‐terminal domains supporting oligomerization. Despite sharing the same domain organization, DivIVA and GpsB serve different cellular functions: DivIVA plays diverse roles in division site selection, chromosome segregation and controlling peptidoglycan homeostasis, whereas GpsB contributes to the spatiotemporal control of penicillin‐binding protein activity. The crystal structures of the lipid‐binding domains of DivIVA from Bacillus subtilis and GpsB from several species share a fold unique to this group of proteins, whereas the C‐terminal domains of DivIVA and GpsB are radically different. A number of pivotal features identified from the crystal structures explain the functional differences between the proteins. Herein we discuss these structural and functional relationships and recent advances in our understanding of how DivIVA/GpsB proteins bind and recruit their interaction partners, knowledge that might be useful for future structure‐based DivIVA/GpsB inhibitor design.
Host identification in unfed ticks from stable isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N)
Authors: Heylen D. , Schmidt O. , Dautel H. , Gern L. , Kampen H. , Newton J. , Gray J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDetermination of the ratios of natural stable isotopes (13C/12C and 15N/14N) in unfed Ixodes ricinus nymphs and adults, which, in their previous stage, fed on captive wild rodents (Apodemus sylvaticus and Myodes glareolus), wild birds (Parus major and Cyanistes caeruleus) or domestic ruminants (Ovis aries and Bos taurus), demonstrated that it is possible to identify each host category with confidence. First, the tick–blood spacing, which is the difference between values obtained from ticks and the blood of hosts that they had fed on in the previous stage, was consistent (152 spacings investigated from 15 host individuals in total). Second, potential confounding factors (tick age and sex) did not affect the discriminatory power of the isotope patterns, nor did different rearing conditions (room temperature vs. 4 °C) or the duration of development (maximum of 430 days). The findings that the tick–blood isotope spacings, across a diverse range of hosts, were similar and predictable, and that confounders had little or no effect on this, strongly support the usage of the isotope approach. Because each of the host categories has a different role in the population dynamics of I. ricinus and in tick‐borne pathogen ecology, the method described here has great potential for the clarification of tick and tick‐borne pathogen ecology in the field.
Differential responses of ecotypes to climate in a ubiquitous Arctic sedge: implications for future ecosystem C cycling
Authors: Curasi Salvatore R. , Parker Thomas C. , Rocha Adrian V. , Moody Michael L. , Tang Jianwu , Fetcher Ned 
Published: March 2019

Summary

The response of vegetation to climate change has implications for the carbon cycle and global climate. It is frequently assumed that a species responds uniformly across its range to climate change. However, ecotypes − locally adapted populations within a species − display differences in traits that may affect their gross primary productivity (GPP) and response to climate change.

To determine if ecotypes are important for understanding the response of ecosystem productivity to climate we measured and modeled growing season GPP in reciprocally transplanted and experimentally warmed ecotypes of the abundant Arctic sedge Eriophorum vaginatum.

Transplanted northern ecotypes displayed home‐site advantage in GPP that was associated with differences in leaf area index. Southern ecotypes exhibited a greater response in GPP when transplanted.

The results demonstrate that ecotypic differentiation can impact the morphology and function of vegetation with implications for carbon cycling. Moreover they suggest that ecotypic control of GPP may limit the response of ecosystem productivity to climate change. This investigation shows that ecotypes play a substantial role in determining GPP and its response to climate. These results have implications for understanding annual to decadal carbon cycling where ecotypes could influence ecosystem function and vegetation feedbacks to climate change.