bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Where ruine must reforme’?
Authors: Mottram Stewart 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 sets John Denham’s response to the renovation of St Paul’s Cathedral in light of widening religious divisions among English protestants in the 1630s and early 1640s, reading Denham’s Coopers Hill (1642) alongside Denham’s other works from 1641–2, including his play, The Sophy. The chapter establishes that Denham’s ‘anger’, in Coopers Hill, at the monastic dissolutions under Henry VIII is best interpreted in light of Denham’s reaction to the threatened dissolution of cathedrals under reforms proposed by the Long Parliament in 1641. Denham’s anger at the monastic dissolutions has been dubbed Laudian, even ‘anti-Protestant’, but the chapter argues that his reaction is in fact a characteristically protestant response to the excesses of reformation iconoclasm, as first practised under Henry VIII, and, in the early 1640s, under Long Parliament presbyterianism. The chapter roots Denham’s pity for the monasteries within an English reformation tradition—stretching back through Herbert to Spenser—that was at once anti-catholic and anti-iconoclastic, and it shows how Denham’s praise for Laud’s cathedral restorations is derived from his understanding of the Caroline church as the rightful heir of the sobrieties of the Elizabethan religious settlement, as this settlement had been lauded by Spenser, Herbert, and other writers before him. Denham therefore uses ruined abbeys and restored cathedrals to represent two possible futures for the established church, at once celebrating the status quo and demonstrating the ease by which the violence of the early reformation could turn inwards, against the edifice of English protestantism that Laud had laboured to restore.
The Paschal Gospel
Authors: Behr John 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter Two considers the ways in which the Gospel of John has come to be understood in ‘apocalyptic’ terms, following John Ashton, suggesting instead that the Gospel of John is best understood as a ‘paschal gospel’ in an ‘apocalyptic’ key, noting the implications that this has for understanding the genre of the Gospel and its relation to the Apocalypse, as a two-part work. The chapter further explores what is meant by the term ‘apocalyptic’, especially the correspondence between above and below, and the beginning and the end, as a fundamental feature of Christian theology (‘on earth as it is in heaven’, Adam and Christ), and the modern debate about how apocalyptic thinking works, whether as an ‘eschatological invasion’ or an ‘unveiled fulfilment’, and so what is meant by ‘salvation history’, treating such figures as J. Louis Martyn and NT Wright. The chapter concludes by suggesting that early Christian exegesis, as practiced by the apostles themselves and then the Fathers, is best understood as an ‘apocalyptic’ reading.
How Words Make Things Happen
Authors: Bromwich David 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Sooner or later, our words take on meanings other than we intended. How Words Make Things Happen suggests that the conventional idea of persuasive rhetoric (which assumes a speaker’s control of calculated effects) and the modern idea of literary autonomy (which assumes that “poetry makes nothing happen”) together have produced a misleading account of the relations between words and human action. Words do make things happen. But they cannot be counted on to produce the result they intend. The argument is enriched by examples from speakers and writers of various sorts, with close readings of the quoted passages. Chapter 1 considers the theory of speech acts propounded by J. L. Austin. “Speakers Who Convince Themselves” is the subject of Chapter 2, which interprets two soliloquies by Shakespeare’s characters, two by Milton’s Satan, and a character’s inward meditation in a novel by Henry James. The oratory of Burke and Lincoln comes in for extended treatment in Chapter 3, while Chapter 4 looks at the rival tendencies of moral suasion and aestheticism in the poetry of Yeats and Auden. The final chapter, a cause of controversy when first published in the London Review of Books, supports a policy of unrestricted free speech against contemporary proposals of censorship. Since we cannot know what our own words are going to do, we have no standing to justify the banishment of one set of words in favour of another.
Speakers Who Convince Themselves
Authors: Bromwich David 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
It is a common occurrence, too little remarked on, that speakers (with or without an audience) work with words in order to convince themselves. Characters in fiction may not consciously trace a path of persuasion, but great writers are adroit at doing so. Shakespeare, for example, in the soliloquies by Brutus in Julius Caesar and Angelo in Measure for Measure; Milton in the speeches of Satan in Books I and V of Paradise Lost; and Henry James in the recognition scene in the mind of Isabel Archer in The Portrait of a Lady. The train of thought of a speaker may afford a clue—by means of language that inseparably mixes motives with reasons—to the definiteness and the elusiveness of personal character.
Pledging Emotion for Conviction
Authors: Bromwich David 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A usual idea of persuasion involves the spread of contagious emotion from speaker to listener. We know that this happens, from introspection and third-person reports. A less obvious feature of persuasion may be the speaker’s identification of himself or herself as the bearer of a conviction adequate to impassioned words. Adam Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments offers a definition of judicious sympathy at a distance, appropriate to our social nature, but this ought to be modified in view of Walter Bagehot’s insight regarding “the emotion of conviction.” Examples from Lincoln and Burke show that the repression of emotion in the speaker, dramatically exhibited, may have an effect greater than a deliberate appeal to named emotions such as anger, fear, and grief.
Feminist Dialogues on International Law
Authors: Heathcote Gina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Reflecting on recent gender law reform within international law, this book examines the nature of feminist interventions to consider what the next phase of feminist approaches to international law might include. To undertake analysis of existing gender law reform and future gender law reform, the book engages critical legal inquiries on international law on the foundations of international law. At the same time, the text looks beyond mainstream feminist accounts to consider the contributions, and tensions, across a broader range of feminist methodologies than has been adapted and incorporated into gender law reform including transnational and postcolonial feminisms. The text therefore develops dialogues across feminist approaches, beyond dominant Western liberal, radical, and cultural feminisms, to analyse the rise of expertise and the impact of fragmentation on global governance, to study sovereignty and international institutions, and to reflect on the construction of authority within international law. The book concludes that through feminist dialogues that incorporate intersectionality, and thus feminist dialogues with queer, crip, and race theories, that reflect on the politics of listening and which are actively attentive to the conditions of privilege from which dominant feminist approaches are articulated, opportunity for feminist dialogues to shape feminist futures on international law emerge. The book begins this process through analysis of the conditions in which the author speaks and the role histories of colonialism play out to define her own privilege, thus requiring attention to indigenous feminisms and, in the UK, the important interventions of Black British feminisms.
Fragmentation
Authors: Heathcote Gina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 examines fragmentation and provides an analysis of the fragmentation of gender law reform: practically, within institutional apparatus, and substantively, through the segregation of diverse currents within feminist and gender theories from the developments that have materialised within international law. This is a departure from the existing feminist critiques of ‘governance feminism’, focusing instead on understanding of the structural limitations of international law as vital to any critique of feminist ‘successes’. Thus, chapter 3 demonstrates the need to appreciate the role fragmentation within international law and the global order plays in constraining the potential for inclusion of diverse feminist approaches in a system which mitigates against the very possibility of structural change at the level required. The chapter concludes by emphasising a diversity of feminist approaches as necessary for feminist dialogues and as leverage for a transformative feminist politics and ethics within international law.
Extracellular vesicles reveal abnormalities in neuronal iron metabolism in restless legs syndrome
Authors: Chawla Sahil , Gulyani Seema , Allen Richard P , Earley Christopher J , Li Xu , Van Zijl Peter , Kapogiannis Dimitrios 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudy ObjectivesDetermine abnormalities in levels of iron-management proteins in neuronal origin-enriched extracellular vesicles (nEVs) in restless legs syndrome (RLS).MethodsWe used immunoprecipitation for neuronal marker L1CAM to isolate nEVs from the serum of 20 participants with RLS from a study including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) determinations of iron deposition in the substantia nigra and hematologic parameters and 28 age- and sex-matched Controls.ResultsRLS compared with Control participants showed higher levels of nEV total ferritin but similar levels of transferrin receptor and ferroportin. Western blot analysis showed that heavy- but not light-chain ferritin was increased in nEVs of RLS compared with Control participants. In RLS but not Control participants, nEV total ferritin was positively correlated with systemic iron parameters; the two groups also differed in the relation of nEV total ferritin to MRI measures of iron deposition in substantia nigra.ConclusionsGiven the neuronal origin and diversity of EV cargo, nEVs provide an important platform for exploring the underlying pathophysiology and possible biomarkers of RLS.
Multisectoral approaches for the control of vector-borne diseases, with particular emphasis on dengue and housing
Authors: Horstick Olaf , Runge-Ranzinger Silvia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals suggest an intersectoral approach for development and health, including for vector-borne diseases. Evidence-based policy recommendations exist for malaria and housing, but not for other, more underfunded, vector-borne diseases. This review aims to stimulate the process for developing policy recommendations for other vector-borne diseases and housing with the process as it was developed for dengue and Aedes control as an example and with suggestions for steps necessary for other vector-borne diseases. For dengue, some basic research on the efficacy of vector control in relation to housing exists, summary evidence highlights the lack of evidence and efficacy and policy recommendations remain difficult. For other vector-borne diseases, few studies have focused on protecting the house, combinations of effective interventions (e.g. intradomiciliary residual spraying, insecticide-treated materials and treatment of larval habitats with biological and chemical methods, which have proven to be effective) have not been studied and summary evidence is non-existent. In order to recommend vector control to protect the house against vector-borne diseases, basic research and summary evidence are needed, with an appropriate combination of the most efficacious interventions and linked to improvement of housing itself. Standards for such studies need to be developed.
Survivals of the Intraoperative Motor-evoked Potentials Response in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Spinal Deformity Correction Surgery
Authors: Wang Shujie , Li Chaoxiong , Guo Lanjun , Hu Haimei , Jiao Yang , Shen Jianxiong , Tian Ye , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: March 2019

Study Design.
This is a retrospective cases study from a prospective patient register.

Objective.
To clarify the clinical implication regard to the survivals of motor-evoked potential (MEP) response.

Summary of Background Data.
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring has become an essential component for decreasing the incidence of neurological deficits during spine surgeries. Significant motor-evoked potential (MEP) loss but does not vanish completely is common especially in some high-risk and complicated pediatric spine deformity surgeries.

Methods.
A total of 1820 young patients (mean age = 12.2 years) underwent spinal deformity correction were mainly analyzed. Intraoperative monitoring (somatosensory-evoked potential, MEP, free-run electromyography, free-run electromyography) and postoperative neurologic outcomes were mainly analyzed in this study. All patients with monitoring alerts were divided into two groups: group 1, intraoperative MEP recovery group; and group 2, no obvious MEP recovery group. Moreover, the patients would be followed up strictly if he/she showed IOM alerting. The surviving MEP response was identified as significant monitoring alerts (80%–95% MEP Amp. loss) associated with high-risk surgical maneuvers.

Results.
The results showed that there were 32 pediatric patients (group 1, 21 cases and group 2, 11 cases) presenting significant MEP monitoring alerts (80%–95% loss) relative to baseline. The patients in group 1 presented the partial/entire signal recovery from MEP alerts and they did not show spinal cord deficits postoperation. The patients in group 2 without obvious intraoperative MEP recovery showed different levels of new spinal deficits, no patient showed postoperative complete paraplegia or permanent spinal cord/nerve root deficits.

Conclusion.
When the intraoperative MEP changes significant and persistent but without totally disappeared, the rate of postoperative neural complication is relatively low. The chance of recovery of these neurological deficits is very high. Therefore, this phenomenon may be used to predictive of nonpermanent paraplegia.

Level of Evidence: 3
Health Care Costs and Opioid Use Associated With High-impact Chronic Spinal Pain in the United States
Authors: Herman Patricia M. , Broten Nicholas , Lavelle Tara A. , Sorbero Melony E. , Coulter Ian D. 
Published: March 2019

Study Design.
A descriptive analysis of secondary data.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to estimate health care costs and opioid use for those with high-impact chronic spinal (back and neck) pain.

Summary of Background Data.
The US National Pain Strategy introduced a focus on high-impact chronic pain—that is, chronic pain associated with work, social, and self-care restrictions. Chronic neck and low-back pain are common, costly, and associated with long-term opioid use. Although chronic pain is not homogenous, most estimates of its costs are averages that ignore severity (impact).

Methods.
We used 2003 to 2015 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS) data to identify individuals with chronic spinal pain, their health care expenditures, and use of opioids. We developed prediction models to identify those with high- versus moderate- and low-impact chronic spinal pain based on the variables available in MEPS.

Results.
We found that overall and spine-related health care costs, and the use and dosage of opioids increased significantly with chronic pain impact levels. Overall and spine-related annual per person health care costs for those with high-impact chronic pain ($14,661 SE: $814; and $5979 SE: $471, respectively) were more than double that of those with low-impact, but still clinically significant, chronic pain ($6371 SE: $557; and $2300 SE: $328). Those with high-impact chronic spinal pain also use spine-related opioids at a rate almost four times that of those with low-impact pain (48.4% vs. 12.4%), and on average use over five times the morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) in mg (15.3 SE: 1.4 vs. 2.7 SE: 0.6). Opioid use and dosing increased significantly across years, but the increase in inflation-adjusted health care costs was not statistically significant.

Conclusion.
Although most studies of chronic spinal pain do not differentiate participants by the impact of their chronic pain, these estimates highlight the importance of identifying chronic pain levels and focusing on those with high-impact chronic pain.

Level of Evidence: 3
Health Insurance and Out-of-Pocket Costs in the Last Year of Life Among Decedents Utilizing the ICU
Authors: Khandelwal Nita , White Lindsay , Curtis J. Randall , Coe Norma B. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
Use of intensive care is increasing in the United States and may be associated with high financial burden on patients and their families near the end of life. Our objective was to estimate out-of-pocket costs in the last year of life for individuals who required intensive care in the months prior to death and examine how these costs vary by insurance coverage.

Design:
Observational cohort study using seven waves of post-death interview data (2002–2014).

Participants:
Decedents (n = 2,909) who spent time in the ICU at some point between their last interview and death.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Two-part models were used to estimate out-of-pocket costs for direct medical care and health-related services by type of care and insurance coverage. Decedents with only traditional Medicare fee-for-service coverage have the highest out-of-pocket spending in the last year of life, estimated at $12,668 (95% CI, $9,744–15,592), second to only the uninsured. Medicare Advantage and private insurance provide slightly more comprehensive coverage. Individuals who spend-down to Medicaid coverage have 4× the out-of-pocket spending as those continuously on Medicaid.

Conclusions:
Across all categories of insurance coverage, out-of-pocket spending in the last 12 months of life is high and represents a significant portion of assets for many patients requiring intensive care and their families. Medicare fee-for-service alone does not insulate individuals from the financial burden of high-intensity care, due to lack of an out-of-pocket maximum and a relatively high co-payment for hospitalizations. Medicaid plays an important role in the social safety net, providing the most complete hospital coverage of all the insurance groups, as well as significantly financing long-term care.
Prognostic Value of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Patients With Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shemilt Michèle , Boutin Amélie , Lauzier François , Zarychanski Ryan , Moore Lynne , McIntyre Lauralyn A. , Nadeau Linda , Fergusson Dean A. , Mercier Eric , Archambault Patrick , Lamontagne François , Perron Caroline , Léger Caroline , Turgeon Alexis F. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
Biomarkers have been suggested as potential prognostic predictors following a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury but their prognostic accuracy is still uncertain. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the ability of the glial fibrillary acidic protein to predict prognosis in patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury.

Data Sources:
MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and BIOSIS electronic databases and conference abstracts, bibliographies of selected studies, and narrative reviews were searched.

Study Selection:
Pairs of reviewers identified eligible studies. Cohort studies including greater than or equal to four patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury and reporting glial fibrillary acidic protein levels according to the outcomes of interest, namely Glasgow Outcome Scale or Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale, and mortality, were eligible.

Data Extraction:
Pairs of reviewers independently extracted data from the selected studies using a standardized case report form. Mean levels were log-transformed, and their differences were pooled with random effect models. Results are presented as geometric mean ratios. Methodologic quality, risk of bias, and applicability concerns of the included studies were assessed.

Data Synthesis:
Seven-thousand seven-hundred sixty-five citations were retrieved of which 15 studies were included in the systematic review (n = 1,070), and nine were included in the meta-analysis (n = 701). We found significant associations between glial fibrillary acidic protein serum levels and Glasgow Outcome Scale score less than or equal to 3 or Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale score less than or equal to 4 (six studies: geometric mean ratio 4.98 [95% CI, 2.19–11.13]; I
2 = 94%) and between mortality (seven studies: geometric mean ratio 8.13 [95% CI, 3.89–17.00]; I
2 = 99%).

Conclusions:
Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were significantly higher in patients with an unfavorable prognosis. Glial fibrillary acidic protein has a potential for clinical bedside use in helping for prognostic assessment. Further research should focus on multimodal approaches including tissue biomarkers for prognostic evaluation in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury.
The evolving role of diet in prostate cancer risk and progression
Authors: Kaiser Adeel , Haskins Christopher , Siddiqui Mohummad M. , Hussain Arif , D’Adamo Christopher 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
This overview examines the rationale for dietary interventions for prostate cancer by summarizing the current evidence base and biological mechanisms for the involvement of diet in disease incidence and progression.

Recent findings
Recent data have further solidified the association between insulin resistance and prostate cancer with the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Data also show that periprostatic adipocytes promote extracapsular extension of prostate cancer through chemokines, thereby providing a mechanistic explanation for the association observed between obesity and high-grade cancer. Regarding therapeutics, hyperinsulinemia may be the cause of resistance to phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitors in the treatment of prostate cancer, leading to new investigations combining these drugs with ketogenic diets.

Summary
Given the recently available data regarding insulin resistance and adipokine influence on prostate cancer, dietary strategies targeting metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and obesity should be further explored. In macronutrient-focused therapies, low carbohydrate/ketogenic diets should be favored in such interventions because of their superior impact on weight loss and metabolic parameters and encouraging clinical data. Micronutrients, including the carotenoid lycopene which is found in highest concentrations in tomatoes, may also play a role in prostate cancer prevention and prognosis through complementary metabolic mechanisms. The interplay between genetics, diet, and prostate cancer is an area of emerging focus that might help optimize therapeutic dietary response in the future through personalization.