bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of d‐valine on periodontal or peri‐implant pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm
Authors: Qi Hua , Li Baosheng , Wang Heling , Cai Qing , Quan Xu , Cui Yunxia , Meng Weiyan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhen presented with a surface or an interface, bacteria often grow as biofilms in which cells are held together by an extracellular matrix. Biofilm formation on implants is an initiating factor for their failure. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the primary etiologic bacteria of initiation and progression of periodontal disease. This microorganism is also the risk factor of many systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and pulmonary infection. To date, no medication that can remove such biofilm has been accepted for clinical use. D‐valine (D‐val) can reportedly inhibit the formation of biofilm and/or trigger the scattering of mature biofilm. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of d‐val on single‐species P. gingivalis biofilms in vitro.MethodsP. gingivalis grown in brain heart infusion culture with or without d‐val was inoculated in 24‐ or 96‐well plates. After incubation for 72 hours, biomass via crystal violet staining, extracellular polysaccharide production by biofilms, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the d‐val concentration that can effectively prevent P. gingivalis biofilm formation.ResultsExperimental results showed that d‐val effectively inhibited biofilm formation at concentrations ≥50 mM (mMol/L), and that d‐val inhibition increased with increased concentration. Moreover, at high concentrations, the bacterial form changed from the normal baseball form into a rodlike shape. d‐val also notably affected extracellular polysaccharide production by P. gingivalis.Conclusionsd‐val can inhibit P. gingivalis biofilm formation, and high concentrations can affect bacterial morphology.
Research priorities for managing invasive wild pigs in North America
Authors: Beasley James C. , Ditchkoff Stephen S. , Mayer John J. , Smith Mark D. , Vercauteren Kurt C. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTWith recent increases in distribution and numbers of feral pigs (Sus scrofa; invasive wild pigs) in North America, there has been a concurrent increase in the ecological and economic effects they have had on native and anthropogenic ecosystems. Despite the amplified interest in invasive wild pig research, there remains a significant knowledge gap regarding their basic biology and ecology, the scope of the damage they cause, and the efficacy of many control strategies. Such information is important to support the successful management of invasive wild pigs throughout North America and other areas. In 2016, members of the National Wild Pig Task Force met and developed a set of research priorities to aid in effective management of invasive wild pigs. These research priorities identify 4 topical areas where increased effort and science is most needed to manage invasive wild pigs: biology and ecology, economic and ecological damages, control strategies, and education and human dimensions, with particular emphasis on areas where specific data gaps remain within each topical area. Resolution of such knowledge deficits would advance the understanding of invasive wild pig ecology, enabling more efficient and effective management of this species. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Soil sealing and unsealing: State of the art and examples
Authors: Tobias Silvia , Conen Franz , Duss Adrian , Wenzel Leonore M. , Buser Christine , Alewell Christine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSoil sealing for urban and infrastructure development constitutes the most intense form of land degradation and affects all ecosystem services. Researchers and policy makers have become aware of this fact and call for limiting development and compensating for new soil sealing with unsealing measures. In a literature review, we found that the state of research about the impacts of soil sealing is far more advanced than about the potential and prerequisites of unsealing. In practice, soil restoration after mining and construction activities as well as redevelopment or renaturation of abandoned industrial sites are increasingly important issues, but systematic research on the success of soil unsealing and restoration is rare. In particular, the development of soils and vegetation after unsealing and restoration measures as well as their potential to provide ecosystem services need more detailed investigation.In 3 case studies, we demonstrate that replacing a sealed surface with soil to restore ecosystem services is always beneficial for humans and nature. An indicator‐based mapping approach revealed the potential performance of different ecosystem services at former industrial sites in Switzerland. When unsealed sites are transformed to pioneer habitats, the intended vegetation may successfully be regained, but landscape connectivity is hardly enhanced due to increased overall landscape fragmentation. Our investigations show that with the techniques currently applied, the soil physical parameters in a restored agricultural soil developed favourably for crop growth within 15 years. However, unsealed soils are anthropogenic soils with reduced multifunctionality, and protecting natural soil against sealing is always the better option.
Damping characteristics of magneto‐rheological fluid absorber based on closed‐loop proportion integration differentiation control
Authors: Liu X. , Zhang J. , Guo T. , Yang G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAiming at investigating the working of magneto‐rheological fluid absorber, a test system used for detecting the damping characteristics of the magneto‐rheological fluid absorber was designed. The test system included sensors, data acquisition card, and so on. The vibration signals were detected by the sensors, put into LabVIEW data acquisition system, and then collected through the processing of closed‐loop Proportion Integration Differentiation control algorithm. Considering that the feedback current could be output to the magneto‐rheological fluid absorber by the data acquisition card, thus the damping force could be changed. The test results showed that the amplitude of the structure vibration response was obviously reduced through the closed‐loop Proportion Integration Differentiation control algorithm, and the control damping characteristics of the magneto‐rheological fluid absorber was improved.
Isothiocyanates: Translating the Power of Plants to People
Authors: Palliyaguru Dushani L. , Yuan Jian‐Min , Kensler Thomas W. , Fahey Jed W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIsothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetables have been studied extensively in cells and in animals for their disease preventive and therapeutic effects. However, translating their utility to human populations has been both limited and challenging. Herein, clinical trials employing two isothiocyanates, sulforaphane (SFN; 1‐isothiocyanato‐4‐(methylsulfinyl) butane) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC; 2‐isothiocyanatoethylbenzene) that are isolated principally from broccoli and watercress, respectively, are summarized and discussed. Both of these compounds have been used in small human clinical trials, either within food matrices or as single agents, against a variety of diseases ranging from cancer to autism. Results suggest an opportunity to incorporate them, or more likely preparations derived from their source plants, into larger human disease mitigation efforts. The context for the applications of these compounds and plants in evidence‐based food and nutritional policy is also evaluated.
Adaptive sparse grid based HOPGD: Toward a nonintrusive strategy for constructing space‐time welding computational vademecum
Authors: Lu Y. , Blal N. , Gravouil A. 
Published: February 2018

SummarySimulation‐based engineering usually needs the construction of computational vademecum to take into account the multiparametric aspect. One example concerns the optimization and inverse identification problems encountered in welding processes. This paper presents a nonintrusive a posteriori strategy for constructing quasi‐optimal space‐time computational vademecum using the higher‐order proper generalized decomposition method. Contrary to conventional tensor decomposition methods, based on full grids (eg, parallel factor analysis/higher‐order singular value decomposition), the proposed method is adapted to sparse grids, which allows an efficient adaptive sampling in the multidimensional parameter space. In addition, a residual‐based accelerator is proposed to accelerate the higher‐order proper generalized decomposition procedure for the optimal aspect of computational vademecum. Based on a simplified welding model, different examples of computational vademecum of dimension up to 6, taking into account both geometry and material parameters, are presented. These vademecums lead to real‐time parametric solutions and can serve as handbook for engineers to deal with optimization, identification, or other problems related to repetitive task.
Optimal control of a wind energy conversion system and a wind turbine
Authors: Fathabadi Hassan 
Published: February 2018

SummaryCurrently, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) unit implemented in a wind energy conversion system (WECS) extracts the maximum mechanical power from the wind turbine used in the WECS. Therefore, the MPPT unit acts as a maximum mechanical power tracker (MMPT) that performs optimal control of the wind turbine to extract the maximum mechanical power from the wind turbine. In this paper, the basic concept of a maximum electrical power tracker (MEPT) is presented both theoretically and technically. It is demonstrated that an MEPT implemented in a WECS maximizes the output electrical power of the WECS. Thus, in contrast with an MMPT, the proposed MEPT optimally controls the whole of the WECS, rather than the wind turbine, to extract the maximum electrical power from the WECS. Since, in the WECS, the power efficiency of the whole of the WECS, not the wind turbine, should be maximized to extract the maximum output electrical power from the WECS, the conventional MPPT unit acting as an MMPT should be replaced with the proposed MEPT, and this is the superiority of the proposed MEPT to an MMPT or a conventional MPPT unit. To provide experimental verifications, 2 novel MEPT and MMPT with simple structures and better performance compared to the MPPT techniques commonly used in WECSs have been constructed, which are presented in detail.
A Simple and Direct Synthesis of Pentasubstituted Pyrroles via [3+4] Annulation and Their In Vitro Evaluation as Thrombolytic Agents and Cytotoxicity Studies on L929 Cells
Authors: Balachandra Biguvu , Shanmugam Sivakumar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe have developed two different methods for synthesis of two distinct polysubstituted pyrroles. The first method proceeds by the reaction of N,S‐acetal, arylglyoxals and malononitrile in the presence of H2O / PEG400 to the synthesis of 2‐(2‐argio‐1‐methyl‐5‐(methylthio)‐4‐nitro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)‐2‐cyanoacetamide (4a‐4p). The second method for the synthesis of other divergent pyrroles 2‐(2‐argio‐1‐methyl‐5‐(methylthio)‐4‐nitro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)acetonitrile (6a‐6f) under solvent free at thermal condition using methylcyanoacetate instead of malononitrile by decarboxylative elimination. Among the pyrroles 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) (4c), 2‐(4‐fluorophenyl) (4d) 2‐(4‐chlorophenyl) (4e), 2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl) (4f), 2‐(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl) (4g), 2‐(2‐bromo‐4‐chlorophenyl) (4h), (2‐(3‐bromophenyl) (4i), 2‐(4‐bromophenyl) (4j), (2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) (4l), and 2‐(3‐nitrophenyl) (4m) displayed moderate to good clot lysis. The cytotoxicity studies were also carried out on L929 cells for selected compounds. The test derivatives4 c,4 d,4 gand4 hshowed good cell viability at lower concentration. The compound4 fshowed mild to non‐toxicity at higher and lower concentration. The density functional theory calculations (DFT) were carried out for the possible configurations of 6a‐argio‐2‐imino‐6‐methyl‐5‐(methylthio)‐4‐nitro‐3,3a,6,6a‐tetrahydro‐2H‐furo[2,3‐b] pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile (D), 2‐amino‐6a‐argio‐6‐methyl‐5‐(methylthio)‐4‐nitro‐3a,6a‐dihydro‐6H‐furo[2,3‐b]pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile (E) and4c.
Formation Mechanism of Polymeric Thin Films of Azure B on Gold Electrodes
Authors: Bayındır Oğuz , Alanyalıoğlu Murat 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhenothiazine derivative dyes are preferred as the main material for the formation of nanocomposites because of their electrocatalytic activity, good interaction with many materials, and easy electropolymerized film formation. Therefore, the formation mechanism of polymer thin films needs to be investigated by using both theoretical models and advanced spectroscopic techniques. Electropolymerization of azure B (AB) is supplied by both cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Some parameters have been questioned for the formation of poly(AB) thin films. Nucleation and growth mechanism of electropolymerization of AB was investigated by chronoamperometry, in which current density‐time transients were fitted to related theoretical models. Morphological characteristics of poly(AB) thin films were examined by scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the polymerized thin film was acquired by electron dispersive X‐ray analysis. Optical characterization of both dissolved and solid‐state samples was achieved by UV‐Vis. absorption spectroscopy. It has been determined that early stages of electropolymerization of AB reveal random adsorption of poly(AB) species but regular polymeric thin film forms with the first progressive and then instantaneous mechanisms by the time.
InCl3‐Assisted Eco‐Friendly Approach for N‐Fused 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Scaffolds via Ring Opening Michael Addition of Cyclic Nitroketene and Iminocoumarin: Synthesis and DFT Studies
Authors: Elumalai Dhanasekar , Gnanasekaran Ramachandran , Leelakrishnan Saraswathi , Nachimuthu Gunavathy , Kannan Tharanikkarasu , Paramasivam Thirumalai Perumal , Jayabal Kamalraja 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA novel strategy was developed for the synthesis of five different N‐fused 1,4‐dihydropyridine (1,4 DHP) scaffolds such as imidazopyridine, pyridopyrimidine, benzoimidazopyridine, thiazolopyridine and benzopyridooxazine derivatives by coupling nitroketene S,S‐acetal, various nitrogen containing dinucleophiles, malanonitrile and substituted salicylaldehydes/aldehydes in the presence of InCl3 as catalyst in water‐EtOH solvent mixture under reflux condition. Furthermore, mechanism for the formation of 1,4‐DHPs was explored through experimental and DFT calculations. DFT studies reveal that the reaction went through lower energy triheterocyclic intermediate than the higher energy chromenoimidazopyridine imtermediate. The attractive features of this protocol include short reaction time, easy separation of the product without chromatographic purification, simple execution with excellent yield and possibility to synthesize structurally diverse 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives through greener approach.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct α‐Arylation of Methane Sulfonamides with Aryl Bromides
Authors: Gao Gui , Chen Xiang‐Zhu , Wang Zhong‐Yu , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Liu Jing‐Jing , Hou Shi‐Cong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn effective palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling approach for the direct α‐monoarylation of various methane sulfonamides using aryl bromides to access benzylic sulfonamides is presented. Electron‐deficient, electron‐rich, and heterocyclic aryl bromides were successfully cross‐coupled, and sensitive functional groups were well tolerated. High reactivities and chemoselectivities were achieved using a combination of Pd(OAc)2 and Kwong's indole‐based phosphine ligand. The application of the developed method to the synthesis of the biologically active 1‐benzyl‐4‐(benzylsulfonyl)piperazine is also demonstrated.
Trace Amount of Platinum Supported on Carbonized Biomorphic Wood for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Condition
Authors: Wang Meng , Gönüllü Yakup , Pyeon Myeongwhun , Diao Zhidan , Czympiel Lisa , Singh Mrityunjay , Shen Shaohua , Mathur Sanjay 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCarbonized biomorphic wood (Bio‐C), which features unique properties such as highly ordered microtexture, well‐developed porous structure, and low charge transfer resistance, was prepared as a promising scaffold with trace amount of platinum (Pt) supported to efficiently electrocatalyze hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Pt/Bio‐C nanocomposites demonstrated superior HER activity with a current density reaching as high as ∼58 mA cm−2 at −0.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in strongly alkaline condition.
NOT‐INHIBIT Reversible Logic Gate Behavior of g‐C3N4‐Hg2+‐Complexed Nanoparticles
Authors: Shiravand Ghasem , Badiei Alireza , Jafari Maryam , Shayesteh Alireza , Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe g‐C3N4‐Hg2+ complexed nanoparticles with two fluorescence emission (at 368 and 450 nm) have been synthesized and characterized with scanning electron microscope, transmittance electron microscope, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐ visible spectrophotometer and X‐ray diffraction methods. A decrease in the XRD peak intensity of g‐C3N4‐Hg2+ at 13.4° suggested that Hg2+ ions might be trapped into the in‐plane heptazine holes. Computational studies of g‐C3N4‐Hg2+ nanoparticles confirmed large binding energies for in‐plan‐Hg2+ structures and suggested that the fluorescence quenching (at 368 nm) is caused by the complexation of nanoparticles with Hg2+ ions. Due to the strong affinity between Hg2+ and CN− confirmed by computational studies, the quenched fluorescence emission at 368 nm “OFF” can be completely returned “ON” in the presence of CN− and then efficiently quenched by the addition of Hg2+. The OFF‐ON‐OFF fluorescence cycles have been exploited to design an “INHIBIT” logic gate using Hg2+ and CN− ions. In addition, the second emission peak (at 450 nm) was quenched by Cr2O72− and was not affected by other ions (Hg2+ and CN−) indicating a “NOT” (inverter) logic gate.
Efficient Synthesis of Propargylamines in Aqueous Media Catalyzed by Au Nanoparticles under Ambient Temperature
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Pourkaveh Raheleh 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn eco‐friendly gold‐based catalyst supported on proline decorated montmorillonite was synthesized. The catalyst was characterized by combination of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques. The synthesized catalyst was found to be a highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for multi component A3 coupling reaction of aldehyde, amine and alkyne in water as a green solvent at room temperature. This novel catalyst promotes multicomponent reaction of a large library of functional substrates under mild and sustainable conditions (water as a green solvent at ambient temperature). In addition, the catalyst could be easily recovered by simple filtration and reused for at least 6 cycles without losing its activity.
Surface Oxidation of AuNi Heterodimers to Achieve High Activities toward Hydrogen/Oxygen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Ni Bing , He Peng , Liao Wenxin , Chen Shuangming , Gu Lin , Gong Yue , Wang Kai , Zhuang Jing , Song Li , Zhou Gang , Wang Xun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough much attention has been paid to the exploration of highly active electrocatalysts, especially catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the development of multifunctional catalysts remains a challenge. Here, we utilize AuNi heterodimers as the starting materials to achieve high activities toward HER, OER and ORR. The HER and ORR activities in an alkali environment are similar to those of Pt catalysts, and the OER activity is very high and better than that of commercial IrO2. Both the experimental and calculated results suggest that the surface oxidation under oxidative conditions is the main reason for the different activities. The NiO/Ni interface which exists in the as‐synthesized heterodimers contributes to high HER activity, the Ni(OH)2‐Ni‐Au interface and the surface Ni(OH)2 obtained in electrochemical conditons gives rise to promising ORR and OER activities, respectively. As a comparison, a Au@Ni core‐shell structure is also synthesized and examined. The core‐shell structure shows lower activities for HER and OER than the heterodimers, and reduces O2 selectively to H2O2. The work here allows for the development of a method to design multifunctional catalysts via the partial oxidation of a metal surface to create different active centers.
Model‐based reasoning about energy: A fourth‐grade case study
Authors: Tobin Roger G. , Lacy Sara J. , Crissman Sally , Haddad Nick 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report a case study of model‐based reasoning in which a small group of fourth‐grade students analyzes the energy flow when a solar panel is used to power an electric motor that spins a propeller. In developing their explanation of energy flow, the students draw on a general model of energy developed collectively by their class in the course of an experimental classroom curriculum led by a trained teacher. They also construct a model‐based representation of the specific system under study. Their investigation and reasoning process exhibit all the features of authentic scientific model‐based inquiry, including the revision of their models to incorporate new information. In the course of their work the students recruit and seamlessly integrate nearly all of the practices of science designated in the Next Generation Science Standards. This case study provides an example of what modeling‐based teaching and learning can look like in an elementary school classroom. It also suggests that the study of energy offers a particularly promising context for developing students' use of science practices, especially the practice of developing and using models.