bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instandsetzung und Teilertüchtigung der Gürtelbrücke B0901 in Wien
Authors: Geier Roman , Wosmik Manfred , Hejda Nikolaus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDie Gürtelbrücke (Objekt B0901) – ein hochrangiger Brückenzug in der Stadt Wien, Österreich – wurde in den Jahren 1962 bis 1964 errichtet. Rund 68.000 Fahrzeuge sind täglich auf der Verbindung über den Donaukanal unterwegs. Die Brückenkette wurde zuletzt im Zuge der Verlängerung der U‐Bahn‐Linie U6 Anfang der 1990er Jahre umgebaut. In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wurden aufgrund der verkehrlichen Bedeutung und zur Vermeidung von Verkehrsbehinderungen durch Bauarbeiten nur punktuelle, unbedingt erforderliche Instandsetzungsarbeiten durchgeführt.Die hohe Beanspruchung und der damit verbundene Erhaltungszustand erforderten aber nach 50 Jahren der Nutzung eine umfassende Brückeninstandsetzung mit einer abschnittsweisen Teilertüchtigung. Durch die Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Brückensystemen und Baustoffen der Brückenkette waren umfangreiche statisch‐konstruktive und Verkehrsmaßnahmen zur Erhaltung dieser wesentlichen Verbindung erforderlich. Die im Herbst 2012 begonnenen Bauarbeiten an der Gürtelbrücke konnten trotz widrigster Umstände bei der Bauausführung im Herbst 2015 plangemäß abgeschlossen werden. In der vorliegenden Veröffentlichung sollen die Besonderheiten aus der Planungs‐ und Bauphase dargestellt werden, um aus diesen Erfahrungen bei ähnlichen Projekten Nutzen ziehen zu können.
Greenwashing and environmental communication: Effects on stakeholders' perceptions
Authors: Torelli Riccardo , Balluchi Federica , Lazzini Arianna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSince the first Earth Day in the 1970s, corporate environmental performance has increased dramatically, and cases of greenwashing have increased sharply. The term greenwash refers to a variety of different misleading communications that aim to form overly positive beliefs among stakeholders about a company's environmental practices. The growing number of corporate social responsibility claims, whether founded or not, creates difficulties for stakeholders in distinguishing between truly positive business performance and companies that only appear to embrace a model of sustainable development. In this context, through the lens of legitimacy and signalling theory, we intend to understand and assess the different influences that various types of misleading communications about environmental issues have on stakeholders' perceptions of corporate environmental responsibility and greenwashing. Stakeholder responses to an environmental scandal will also be assessed. The hypotheses tested through a four‐for‐two design experiment reveal that different levels of greenwashing have a significantly different influence on stakeholders' perceptions of corporate environmental responsibility and stakeholders' reactions to environmental scandals.
Properly handling negative values in the calculation of binding constants by physicochemical modeling of spectroscopic titration data
Authors: Kazmierczak Nathanael P. , Vander Griend Douglas A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo implement equilibrium hard‐modeling of spectroscopic titration data, the analyst must make a variety of crucial data processing choices that address negative absorbance and molar absorptivity values. The efficacy of three such methodological options is evaluated via high‐throughput Monte Carlo simulations, root‐mean‐square error surface mapping, and two mathematical theorems. Accuracy of the calculated binding constant values constitutes the key figure of merit used to compare different data analysis approaches. First, using singular value decomposition to filter the raw absorbance data prior to modeling often reduces the number of negative values involved but has little effect on the calculated binding constant despite its ability to address spectrometer noise. Second, both truncation of negative molar absorptivity values and the fast nonnegative least squares algorithms are superior to unconstrained regression because they avoid local minima; however, they introduce bias into the calculated binding constants in the presence of negative baseline offsets. Finally, we establish two theorems showing that negative values are best addressed when all the chemical solutions leading to the raw absorbance data are the result of mixing exactly two distinct stock solutions. This allows the raw absorbance data to be shifted up, eliminating negative baseline offsets, without affecting the concentration matrix, residual matrix, or calculated binding constants. Otherwise, the data cannot be safely upshifted. A comprehensive protocol for analyzing experimental absorbance datasets with is included.
Push–Pull Porphyrins via β‐Pyrrole Functionalization: Evidence of Excited State Events Leading to High‐Potential Charge‐Separated States
Authors: Sekaran Bijesh , Jang Youngwoo , Misra Rajneesh , D'Souza Francis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new set of free‐base and zinc(II)‐metallated, β‐pyrrole‐functionalized unsymmetrical push–pull porphyrins were designed and synthesized via β‐mono‐ and dibrominated tetraphenylporphyrins using Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions. The ability of donors and acceptors on the push–pull porphyrins to produce high‐potential charge separated states was investigated. The porphyrins were functionalized at the opposite β,β′‐pyrrole positions of porphyrin ring bearing triphenylamine push groups and naphthalimide pull groups. Systematic studies involving optical absorption, steady‐state and time‐resolved emission revealed existence of intramolecular type interactions both in the ground and excited states. The push–pull nature of the molecular systems was supported by frontier orbitals generated on optimized structures, wherein delocalization of HOMO over the push group and LUMO over the pull group connecting the porphyrin π‐system was witnessed. Electrochemical studies were performed to visualize the effect of push and pull groups on the overall redox potentials of the porphyrins. Spectroelectrochemical studies combined with frontier orbitals helped in characterizing the one‐electron oxidized and reduced porphyrins. Finally, by performing transient absorption studies in polar benzonitrile, the ability of push–pull porphyrins to produce charge‐separated states upon photoexcitation was confirmed and the measured rates were in the range of 109 s−1. The lifetime of the final charge separated state was around 5 ns. This study ascertains the importance of push–pull porphyrins in solar energy conversion and diverse optoelectronic applications, for which high‐potential charge‐separated states are warranted.
Donor Strengths Determination of Pnictogen and Chalcogen Ligands by the Huynh Electronic Parameter and Its Correlation to Sigma Hammett Constants
Authors: Teng Qiaoqiao , Ng Ping Siang , Leung Jia Nuo , Huynh Han Vinh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe suitability and accuracy of the Huynh electronic parameter (HEP) was further tested to reveal remote substituent effects in pyridines, which are located five or six bonds away from the reporter probe. These values show an excellent correlation to Hammett σ‐constants of the respective substituents with coefficients of R2=0.9856 (σm) and R2=0.9857 (σp). Based on this observation, a methodology for the re‐evaluation of certain Hammett constants with larger uncertainties has been proposed and demonstrated. Moreover, the scope of HEP was extended to various neutral pnictogen and chalcogen donors during which “transphobia effects” were revealed for mixed NHC complexes containing phosphites, arsine and stibine for the first time.
Hierarchical FeCo2S4@FeNi2S4 Core/Shell Nanostructures on Ni Foam for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Huang Yunxia , Ge Shuaipeng , Chen Xiaojuan , Xiang Zhongcheng , Zhang Xinran , Zhang Ruoxuan , Cui Yimin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe design of electrode materials with rational core/shell structures is promising for improving the electrochemical properties of supercapacitors. Hence, hierarchical FeCo2S4@FeNi2S4 core/shell nanostructures on Ni foam were fabricated by a simple hydrothermal method. Owing to their structure and synergistic effect, they deliver an excellent specific capacitance of 2393 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and long cycle lifespan as positive electrode materials. An asymmetric supercapacitor device with FeCo2S4@FeNi2S4 as positive electrode and graphene as negative electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 133.2 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a high energy density of 47.37 W h kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1. Moreover, the device showed remarkable cycling stability with 87.0 % specific‐capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 2 A g−1. These results demonstrate that the hierarchical FeCo2S4@FeNi2S4 core/shell structures have great potential in the field of electrochemical energy storage.
Emergent Self‐Assembly Pathways to Multidimensional Hierarchical Assemblies using a Hetero‐Seeding Approach
Authors: Liu Yin , Gong Yanjun , Guo Yongxian , Xiong Wei , Zhang Yifan , Zhao Jincai , Che Yanke , Manners Ian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe controlled formation of complex and functional 1‐, 2‐, and 3D hierarchical assemblies from molecular building blocks represents a key current challenge. Herein, we report the use of a seeded growth approach for a series of perylenediimide‐based molecules (PDIs 1–4) to access otherwise inaccessible self‐assembly pathways that yield complex hierarchical structures. The key to the new approach is to use hetero‐seeds which possess a different composition and morphology from that of the molecular building block. For example, a nanotube seed (from PDI 3) and a microribbon seed (from PDI 4) were found to initiate different self‐assembly pathways for PDI 1, which normally assembles to yield nanocoils. This led to the formation of unprecedented 3D scroll‐like and scarf‐like hierarchical nanostructures, respectively. Also, the hetero‐seeds from PDI 3 initiate hidden self‐assembly pathways of PDI 2 to generate 1D tubular heterojunctions. Significantly, this new strategy offers new opportunities to create emergent and functional hierarchical and complex structures from small molecule precursors.
Potent and Selective Cytotoxic and Anti‐inflammatory Gold(III) Compounds Containing Cyclometalated Phosphine Sulfide Ligands
Authors: Reddy T. Srinivasa , Pooja Deep , Privér Steven H. , Luwor Rodney B. , Mirzadeh Nedaossadat , Ramesan Shwathy , Ramakrishna Sistla , Karri Shailaja , Kuncha Madhusudana , Bhargava Suresh K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFour cycloaurated phosphine sulfide complexes, [Au{κ2‐2‐C6H4P(S)Ph2}2][AuX2] [X=Cl (2), Br (3), I (4)] and [Au{κ2‐2‐C6H4P(S)Ph2}2]PF6 (5), have been prepared and thoroughly characterized. The compounds were found to be stable under physiological‐like conditions and showed excellent cytotoxicity against a broad range of cancer cell lines and remarkable cytotoxicity in 3D tumor spheroids. Mechanistic studies with cervical cancer (HeLa) cells indicated that the cytotoxic effects of the compounds involve the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and induction of apoptosis through mitochondrial disruption. In vivo experiments in nude mice bearing HeLa xenografts showed that treatment with compounds 4 and 5 resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth (35.8 and 46.9 %, respectively), better than that of cisplatin (29 %). The newly synthesized gold complexes were also evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo anti‐inflammatory activity through the study of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated macrophages and carrageenan‐induced hind paw edema in rats, respectively.
Oxo‐Thiolation of Cationically Polymerizable Alkenes Using Flow Microreactors
Authors: Ashikari Yosuke , Saito Kodai , Nokami Toshiki , Yoshida Jun‐ichi , Nagaki Aiichiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present study describes the cationic oxo‐thiolation of polymerizable alkenes by using highly reactive cationic species generated by anodic oxidation. These highly reactive cations were able to activate alkenes before their polymerization. Fast mixing in flow microreactors effectively controlled chemoselectivity, enabling higher reaction temperatures.
Higher dietary acid load is not associated with risk of breast cancer in Iranian women
Authors: Safabakhsh Maryam , Imani Hossein , Yaseri Mehdi , Omranipour Ramesh , Shab‐Bidar Sakineh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDietary acid load (DAL) may play a key role in certain cancers, including breast cancer (BC); however, evidence showing a causal relationship is lacking.AimWe examined the relationship between DAL, assessed with both the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and the net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores, and BC risk.MethodsWe identified 150 women who had a diagnosis of BC recently and 150 age‐matched apparently healthy controls. Data from dietary intake and anthropometric measures were collected from participants and eventually, PRAL and NEAP scores were obtained from nutrient intakes. Multivariate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the relationship of BC risk with PRAL and NEAP scores.ResultsThe odds ratios (OR) of BC according to tertiles of PRAL and NEAP scores by multivariate logistic regression models revealed that both PRAL (P‐trend = 0.8) and NEAP (P‐trend = 0.1) scores were not significantly associated with BC risk. After controlling confounders, multiple logistic regressions still remained non‐significant which indicated no significant associations between PRAL (P‐trend = 0.9), NEAP (P‐trend = 0.4) scores and risk of BC.ConclusionThe results of our study suggested that there is no significant relationship between DAL and BC incidence among Iranian women.
Modulation of visual attention assessed using the Stroop task during the menstrual cycle: Comparison between the menstrual and ovulation phases
Authors: Iriguchi Mayuko , Koda Hiroki , Koyama Takamasa , Masataka Nobuo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWomen might have changes in perception and cognition of colours according to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. Colours are often associated with specific emotional facial expressions, but how these two factors interact with each other and differ according to the cycle has remained unclear. We investigated attentional interference between colours and emotional facial expressions for women in the menstrual compared to the ovulation phases by colour judgment based on the Stroop tasks. Participants identified the colours (either red, yellow, or blue) of three types of face stimuli (happy, neutral, or sad) and corresponding scrambled face stimuli by pressing buttons, and we recorded participants' reaction times. The results showed better performance in the menstrual phase than in the ovulation phase. An interference effect was not observed. However, in the scrambled face stimuli task, only the reaction time for happy scrambled face shape and red did not differ between the phases. Thus, participants might pay stronger attention to faces with colours in the menstrual phase than in the ovulation phase but weaker attention to scrambled face shapes in the menstrual phase.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C3N4) Supported Palladium Species: An Efficient Heterogeneous Photocatalyst Surpassing Homogeneous Thermal Heating Systems for Suzuki Coupling
Authors: Wang Nan , Ma Lixia , Wang Jing , Zhang Yanpei , Jiang Ruibin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSuzuki coupling is of paramount importance in C−C coupling reactions. However, Suzuki coupling reactions are generally catalyzed by homogeneous catalysts under thermal heating, which results in difficulties in the catalyst separation and consumes a relatively large amount of energy. g‐C3N4/Pd has been successfully prepared for photocatalytic Suzuki coupling reactions. The g‐C3N4/Pd is prepared through the reduction of a Pd source in the presence of g‐C3N4. The Pd is found to exist as Pd nanoparticles and Pd(II) species on g‐C3N4. Owing to the good light absorption of g‐C3N4 and the excellent catalytic activity of the Pd species, the g‐C3N4/Pd shows an excellent photocatalytic performance in Suzuki coupling reactions with a TOF of 47.3 h−1, which is almost twice that of a commercial homogeneous catalyst Pd(PPh3)4, under thermal heating. Moreover, g‐C3N4/Pd displays very good recyclability and wide applicability for Suzuki coupling reactions. Our findings provide a green and sustainable method for the catalysis of Suzuki coupling reactions.
Contrasting diversity patterns of breeding Anatidae in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
Authors: Zeng Qing , Reid Julian , Saintilan Neil , Colloff Matthew J. , Lei Guangchun , Wen Li 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor sustaining ecosystem functions and services, environmental conservation strategies increasingly target to maintain the multiple facets of biodiversity, such as functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD), not just taxonomic diversity (TD). However, spatial mismatches among these components of biodiversity can impose challenges for conservation decisions. Hence, understanding the drivers of biodiversity is critical. Here, we investigated the global distribution patterns of TD, FD, and PD of breeding Anatidae. Using null models, we clarified the relative importance of mechanisms that influence Anatidae community. We also developed random forest models to evaluate the effects of environmental variables on the Anatidae TD, FD, and PD. Our results showed that geographical variation in Anatidae diversity is hemispheric rather than latitudinal. In the species‐rich Northern Hemisphere (NH), the three diversity indices decreased with latitude within the tropical zone of the NH, but increased in the temperate zone reaching a peak at 44.5–70.0°N, where functional and phylogenetic clustering was a predominant feature. In the Southern Hemisphere (SH), Anatidae diversity increased poleward and a tendency to overdispersion was common. In NH, productivity seasonality and temperature in the coldest quarter were the most important variables. Productivity seasonality was also the most influential predictor of SH Anatidae diversity, along with peak productivity. These findings suggested that seasonality and productivity, both consistent with the energy‐diversity hypothesis, interact with the varying histories to shape the contrasting hemispheric patterns of Anatidae diversity. Phylogenetic diversity (PD) and FD underdispersion, widespread across the species‐rich, seasonally productive mid‐to‐high latitudes of the NH, reflects a rapid evolutionary radiation and resorting associated with Pleistocene cycles of glaciation. The SH continents (and southern Asia) are characterized by a widespread tendency toward PD and FD overdispersion, with their generally species‐poor communities comprising proportionately more older lineages in thermally more stable but less predictably productive environments.
A nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling approach for ecological data: Using temporal dynamics of vegetation moisture as an example
Authors: Oddi Facundo J. , Miguez Fernando E. , Ghermandi Luciana , Bianchi Lucas O. , Garibaldi Lucas A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Increasingly, often ecologist collects data with nonlinear trends, heterogeneous variances, temporal correlation, and hierarchical structure. Nonlinear mixed‐effects models offer a flexible approach to such data, but the estimation and interpretation of these models present challenges, partly associated with the lack of worked examples in the ecological literature.

We illustrate the nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling approach using temporal dynamics of vegetation moisture with field data from northwestern Patagonia. This is a Mediterranean‐type climate region where modeling temporal changes in live fuel moisture content are conceptually relevant (ecological theory) and have practical implications (fire management). We used this approach to answer whether moisture dynamics varies among functional groups and aridity conditions, and compared it with other simpler statistical models. The modeling process is set out “step‐by‐step”: We start translating the ideas about the system dynamics to a statistical model, which is made increasingly complex in order to include different sources of variability and correlation structures. We provide guidelines and R scripts (including a new self‐starting function) that make data analyses reproducible. We also explain how to extract the parameter estimates from the R output.

Our modeling approach suggests moisture dynamic to vary between grasses and shrubs, and between grasses facing different aridity conditions. Compared to more classical models, the nonlinear mixed‐effects model showed greater goodness of fit and met statistical assumptions. While the mixed‐effects approach accounts for spatial nesting, temporal dependence, and variance heterogeneity; the nonlinear function allowed to model the seasonal pattern.

Parameters of the nonlinear mixed‐effects model reflected relevant ecological processes. From an applied perspective, the model could forecast the time when fuel moisture becomes critical to fire occurrence. Due to the lack of worked examples for nonlinear mixed‐effects models in the literature, our modeling approach could be useful to diverse ecologists dealing with complex data.
Effects of substrate color on intraspecific body color variation in the toad‐headed lizard, Phrynocephalus versicolor
Authors: Tong Haojie , Li Jiasheng , Wo Yubin , Shao Gang , Zhao Wei , Aguilar‐Gómez Diana , Jin Yuanting 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDiversity in animal coloration is generally associated with adaptation to their living habitats, ranging from territorial display and sexual selection to predation or predation avoidance, and thermoregulation. However, the mechanism underlying color variation in toad‐headed Phrynocephalus lizards remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the population color variation of Phrynocephalus versicolor. We found that lizards distributed in dark substrate have darker dorsal coloration (melanic lizards) than populations living in light substrates. This characteristic may improve their camouflage effectiveness. A reciprocal substrate translocation experiment was conducted to clarify the potential role of morphological adaptation and physiological plasticity of this variation. Spectrometry technology and digital photography were used to quantify the color variation of the above‐mentioned melanic and nonmelanic P. versicolor populations and their native substrate. Additionally, substrate color preference in both populations was investigated with choice experiments. Our results indicate that the melanic and nonmelanic populations with remarkable habitat color difference were significantly different on measured reflectance, luminance, and RGB values. Twenty‐four hours, 30 days, and 60 days of substrate translocation treatment had little effects on dorsal color change. We also found that melanic lizards choose to live in dark substrate, while nonmelanic lizards have no preference for substrate color. In conclusion, our results support that the dorsal coloration of P. versicolor, associated with substrate color, is likely a morphological adaptation rather than phenotypic plasticity.