bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging Investigation of Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Siakallis Loizos C. , Uddin Jimmy M. , Miszkiel Katherine A. 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
Thyroid eye disease (TED), is a term referring to the extrathyroidal manifestation of Grave's disease, a disorder which is currently the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and is characterised by underlying autoimmunity.
The pathogenic course of the disease can be broadly classified into two stages, an early inflammatory and a late fibrotic stage. These stages are reflected in clinical severity and activity classifications, such as Clinical Activity Score and Class 0: No signs or symptoms, 1: Only signs, no symptoms (e. g. lid retraction), 2: Soft tissue involvement, 3: Proptosis, 4: Extraocular muscle involvement, 5: Corneal involvement, 6: Sight loss (NOSPECS). Classifications based on the latter, have important implications in treatment decisions since patients in the early active stage of the disease are more likely to respond to anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapies, whereas patients in the late fibrotic stage require different therapeutic approaches, including rehabilitative surgery.

Methods:
We reviewed cases of TED investigated with CT and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in our department. We assessed the findings of imaging studies and their role in the clinical investigation of patients with TED as well as in the differential diagnosis from other disorders.

Results:
Imaging has a significant role in the investigation of TED, however a consensus on the use of different imaging modalities in the course of disease has yet to be reached. Nevertheless, imaging and specifically CT and MRI can have a vital role in the initial diagnosis of clinically atypical presentation of TED, in surgical planning, as well as in the differential diagnosis from other orbital disorders.

Conclusion:
In this review, we attempt to present current trends in imaging investigation of TED. Rather than focusing on the findings of each imaging modality separately, we present the two main imaging modalities focusing on CT and MRI, in the context of pathogenic stages of the disease.
Cultural influences on parental responses to children's pain
Authors: Kristjansdottir Olof , McGrath Patrick J. , Finley G. Allen , Kristjansdottir Gudrun , Siripul Pulsuk , Mackinnon Sean P. , Yoshida Yoko 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
There is a scarcity of work examining the relationship between culture and pain-related caregiver behaviors. Moreover, no pediatric pain studies have examined the relationship between caregiver cultural values and pain-related caregiver behaviors nor discern if this process is mediated by caregiver parenting styles and moderated by ecosocial context. Based on cross-cultural developmental theories, this study hypothesized that ecosocial context would moderate the relationship between cultural values, parenting styles, and pain-related caregiver behaviors; and that parenting styles mediate the effect of cultural values on pain-related caregiver behaviors. A cross-cultural survey design was employed using a convenience sample of 547 caregivers of 6 to 12 year olds living in Canada (n = 183), Iceland (n = 184), and Thailand (n = 180). Multigroup structural equation modeling showed that ecosocial context did not affect which cultural model of parenting the caregiver adopted. Parenting styles mediated the relationship between cultural values and pain-related caregiver behavior. Vertical/horizontal individualism, collectivism, and authoritative- and authoritarian-parenting styles positively predicted solicitousness. Vertical individualism and authoritarian-parenting style positively predicted discouraging behavior, whereas other predictors did not. The findings support the sociocommunication model of children's pain by showing that cultural context does affect parents' behaviors. They also corroborate with others' claims of solicitousness universality in a pediatric pain context. However, solicitousness may have different cultural meanings among individuals and may be used in conjunction with discouraging behavior. The findings from this study have implications for the theory development about culture and pediatric pain, but do not provide specific clinical recommendations.
Pain processing in the human brainstem and spinal cord before, during, and after the application of noxious heat stimuli
Authors: Stroman Patrick W. , Ioachim Gabriela , Powers Jocelyn M. , Staud Roland , Pukall Caroline 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Descending regulation of spinal cord responses to nociceptive signaling has a strong influence on pain perception. Previous studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have indicated that in addition to reactive responses to nociceptive signals, there is a continuous component to regulation, and that it may vary with differences in pain sensitivity. We hypothesize that this continuous regulation component occurs routinely in fMRI studies before noxious stimulation, as well as during, and after stimulation. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing data from 59 healthy participants in 4 previous fMRI studies in our laboratory using noxious heat stimuli. Analyses included structural equation modeling to identify coordinated blood oxygenation-level–dependent (BOLD) signal variations between regions (ie, connectivity) and Bayesian regression of BOLD time-series responses in relation to pain ratings and stimulus temperatures. The results demonstrate the periaqueductal gray–rostral ventromedial medulla–spinal cord descending modulation pathway, influenced by input from the hypothalamus, parabrachial nucleus, and nucleus tractus solitarius. Connectivity between specific regions is observed to vary in relation to pain sensitivity. The results support the conclusion that homeostatic autonomic control influences the net descending pain regulation, and therefore influences pain sensitivity. The results describe the overall properties of pain processing (specifically pain elicited by heat) in the healthy human brainstem and spinal cord, and mechanisms for variation across individuals. This understanding is expected to be important for studies of how pain processing is altered in chronic pain conditions.
Scavenger: A pipeline for recovery of unaligned reads utilising similarity with aligned reads
Authors: Yang Andrian , Tang Joshua Y. S. , Troup Michael , Ho Joshua W. K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMotivationRead alignment is an important step in RNA-seq analysis as the result of alignment forms the basis for further downstream analyses. However, recent studies have shown that published alignment tools have variable mapping sensitivity and do not necessarily align reads which should have been aligned, a problem we termed as the false-negative non-alignment problem.ResultsWe have developed Scavenger, a pipeline for recovering unaligned reads using a novel mechanism which utilises information from aligned reads. Scavenger performs recovery of unaligned reads by re-aligning unaligned reads against a putative location derived from aligned reads with sequence similarity against unaligned reads. We show that Scavenger can successfully recover unaligned reads in both simulated and real RNA-seq datasets, including single-cell RNA-seq data. The reads recovered contain more genetic variants compared to previously aligned reads, indicating that divergence between personal and reference genomes plays a role in the false-negative non-alignment problem. We also explored the impact of read recovery on downstream analyses, in particular gene expression analysis, and showed that Scavenger is able to both recover genes which were previously non-expressed and also increase gene expression, with lowly expressed genes having the most impact from the addition of recovered reads. We also found that the majority of genes with >1 fold change in expression after recovery are categorised as pseudogenes, indicating that pseudogene expression can be affected by the false-negative non-alignment problem. Scavenger helps to solve the false-negative non-alignment problem through recovery of unaligned reads using information from previously aligned reads.AvailabilityScavenger is available via an open source license in https://github.com/VCCRI/Scavenger/Contactj.ho@victorchang.edu.au
A Data Structure for real-time Aggregation Queries of Big Brain Networks
Authors: Ganglberger Florian , Kaczanowska Joanna , Haubensak Wulf , Bühler Katja 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent advances in neuro-imaging allowed big brain-initiatives and consortia to create vast resources of brain data that can be mined by researchers for their individual projects. Exploring the relationship between genes, brain circuitry, and behavior is one of key elements of neuroscience research. This requires fusion of spatial connectivity data at varying scales, such as whole brain correlated gene expression, structural and functional connectivity. With ever-increasing resolution, those exceed the past state-of-the art in several orders of magnitude in size and complexity. Current analytical workflows in neuroscience involve time-consuming manual aggregation of the data and only sparsely incorporate spatial context to operate continuously on multiple scales. Incorporating techniques for handling big connectivity data is therefore a necessity.We propose a data structure to explore heterogeneous neurobiological connectivity data for integrated visual analytics workflows. Aggregation Queries, i.e. the aggregated connectivity from, to or between brain areas allow experts the comparison of multimodal networks residing at different scales, or levels of hierarchically organized anatomical atlases. Executed on-demand on volumetric gene expression and connectivity data, they enable an interactive dissection of networks, with billions of edges, in real-time, and based on their spatial context. The data structure is optimized to be accessed directly from the hard disk, since connectivity of large-scale networks typically exceed the memory size of current consumer level PCs. This allows experts to embed and explore their own experimental data in the framework of public data resources without large-scale infrastructure.Our novel data structure outperforms state-of-the-art graph engines in retrieving connectivity of local brain areas experimentally. We demonstrate the application of our approach for neuroscience by analyzing fear-related functional neuroanatomy in mice. Further, we show its versatility by comparing multimodal brain networks linked to autism. Importantly, we achieve cross-species congruence in retrieving human psychiatric traits networks, which facilitates selection of neural substrates to be further studied in mouse models.
Transcriptome Analysis of Bael (Aegle marmelosL.) a Member of Family Rutaceae
Authors: Kaushik Prashant , Kumar Shashi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAegle marmelosis a medicinally and horticulturally important tree member of the family Rutaceae. It is native to India where it is also known as Bael. Despite its importance; the genomic resources of this plant are scarce. This study presented the first-ever report of expressed transcripts in the leaves ofAegle marmelos. A total of 133,616 contigs were assembled to 46,335 unigenes with the minimum and maximum lengths of 201 and 14,853 bp. There were 7002 transcription factors and 94,479 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. TheA. marmelostranscripts were also annotated based on information from other members of Rutaceae; namelyCitrus clementineandCitrus sinensis. A total of 482 transcripts were annotated as cytochrome p450s (CYPs) and 314 transcripts were annotated as glucosyltransferases (GTs). In theA. marmelosleaves the monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway was predominant. This study provides an important genomic resource along with useful information aboutA. marmelos.
White matter microstructural properties in bipolar disorder and its relationship to the spatial distribution of lithium in the brain
Authors: Necus Joe , Sinha Nishant , Smith Fiona Elizabeth , Thelwall Peter Edward , Flowers Carly Jay , Taylor Peter Neal , Blamire Andrew Matthew , Cousins David Andrew , Wang Yujiang 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundLithium treatment is associated with an increase in magnetic resonance imaging derived measures of white matter integrity, but the relationship between the spatial distribution of brain lithium and white matter integrity is unknown.MethodsEuthymic patients with bipolar disorder receiving lithium treatment (n=12) and those on other medications but naïve to lithium (n=17) underwent diffusion imaging alongside matched healthy controls (n=16). Generalised fractional anisotropy (gFA) within white matter was compared between groups using a standard space white matter atlas. Lithium-treated patients also underwent novel multinuclear 3D lithium magnetic resonance imaging (7Li-MRI) to determine relative lithium concentration across the brain. The relationship between 7Li-MRI signal intensity and gFA was investigated at the resolution of the 7Li-MRI sequence in native space.ResultsThe lithium-treated bipolar disorder and healthy control groups had higher mean gFA in white matter than the bipolar disorder group treated with other medications but naïve to lithium (t = 2.5, p < 0.05; t = 2.7, p < 0.03, respectively). No differences in gFA were found between patients taking lithium and healthy controls (t = 0.02, p = 1). These effects were seen consistently across most regions in the white matter atlas. In the lithium-treated group, a significant effect of the 7Li-MRI signal in predicting the gFA (p < 0.01) was identified in voxels containing over 50% white matter.ConclusionsLithium treatment of bipolar disorder is associated with higher gFA throughout brain white matter, and the spatial distribution of lithium is also positively associated with white matter gFA.
Populational Super-Resolution Sparse M/EEG Sources and Connectivity Estimation
Authors: Gonzalez-Moreira E. , Paz-Linares D. , Martinez-Montes E. , Valdes-Hernandez P. , Bosch-Bayard Jorge , Bringas-Vega M.L. , Valdés-Sosa P. 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYIn this paper, we describe a novel methodology, BC-VARETA, for estimating the Inverse Solution (sources activity) and its Precision Matrix (connectivity parameters) in the frequency domain representation of Stationary Time Series. The aims of this method are three. First: Joint estimation of Source Activity and Connectivity as a frequency domain linear dynamical system identification approach. Second: Achieve super high resolution in the connectivity estimation through Sparse Hermitian Sources Graphical Model. Third: To be a populational approach, preventing the Inverse Solution and Connectivity statistical analysis across subjects as a postprocessing, by modeling population features of Source Activity and Connectivity. Our claims are supported by a wide simulation framework using realistic head models, realistic Sources Setup, and Inverse Crime effects evaluation. Also, a fair quantitative analysis is performed, based on a diversification of quality measures on which state of the art Inverse Solvers were tested.
Rif1 inhibits replication fork progression and controls DNA copy number in Drosophila
Authors: Munden Alexander , Rong Zhan , Gangula Rama , Mallal Simon , Nordman Jared T. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTControl of DNA copy number is essential to maintain genome stability and ensure proper cell and tissue function. In Drosophila polyploid cells, the SNF2-domain-containing SUUR protein inhibits replication fork progression within specific regions of the genome to promote DNA underreplication. While dissecting the function of SUUR’s SNF2 domain, we identified a physical interaction between SUUR and Rif1. Rif1 has many roles in DNA metabolism and regulates the replication timing program. We demonstrate that repression of DNA replication is dependent on Rif1. Rif1 localizes to active replication forks in an SUUR-dependent manner and directly regulates replication fork progression. Importantly, SUUR associates with replication forks in the absence of Rif1, indicating that Rif1 acts downstream of SUUR to inhibit fork progression. Our findings uncover an unrecognized function of the Rif1 protein as a regulator of replication fork progression.
Aberrant Information Transfer Interferes with Functional Axon Regeneration
Authors: Ding Chen , Hammarlund Marc 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFunctional axon regeneration requires regenerating neurons to restore appropriate synaptic connectivity and circuit function. To model this process, we developed a single-neuron assay inC. elegansthat links axon regeneration and synapse reformation with recovery of relevant behavior. After axon injury to the DA9 neuron, regeneration restores synapses to their pre-injury location. Surprisingly, presynapses also accumulate in the dendrite. Both axonal and dendritic synapses are functional. Dendritic synapses result in information misrouting that suppresses behavioral recovery. Formation of dendritic synapses is specifically dependent on dynein-mediated transport andjnk-1. However, even when information transfer is corrected, axonal synapses fail to adequately transmit information. Our study reveals unexpected plasticity during functional regeneration. Regeneration of the axon is not sufficient for the reformation of correct neuronal circuits after injury. Rather, synapse reformation and function are also key variables, and manipulation of circuit reformation improves behavioral recovery.
Corruption control and prevention in the Korean government
Authors: Choi Jin-Wook 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how corruption has changed over time in South Korea and to explore how the corruption control and prevention efforts of the Korean government have been successful and failed.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on institutional theory to formulate a qualitative analysis to assess the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies and measures, and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of anti-corruption reform efforts in South Korea.FindingsThis paper argues that while the Korean government has been quite successful in building anti-corruption institutions to control low-level petty corruption, it has failed to institutionalize anti-corruption institutions to curb high-level grand corruption.Originality/valueWhile many studies have attempted to identify the successful factors of fighting corruption, this paper draws a theoretical distinction between institution-building vs institutionalization to examine the success and failure of corruption control and prevention efforts in South Korea.
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention: do entrepreneurial creativity and education matter?
Authors: Shahab Yasir , Chengang Ye , Arbizu Angel David , Haider Muhammad Jamal 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a “moderated-mediation model” covering the nexus between entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) by comparing an emerging market (China) and a mature market (Spain). By drawing on the theory of planned behaviour and self-efficacy, this study theorizes that entrepreneurial creativity (EC) and attitudes towards entrepreneurship (ATE) mediate the relationship between ESI and EIs; moreover, entrepreneurial education (EE) moderates these relationships.Design/methodology/approachThis research employs a survey-based methodology and uses a 37-item questionnaire for a total sample of 808 student respondents from both countries. Further, the study employs the structural equation modelling and confirmatory factor analysis to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that EC and ATE positively mediate the relationship between ESI and EI. Further, with EE, individuals can efficiently develop EC to successfully nurture their EIs, regardless of their countries’ economic maturity.Practical implicationsBeing able to identify the importance of EC and education for future entrepreneurs is of definite concern for all the business eco-system: from intentions of young entrepreneurs to governments; new levers, facilitators and approaches, e.g. policies will be able to be adopted.Originality/valueThis research provides valuable insights on the importance of EC and education in the determination of EIs in two very distinct markets for the first time.
The obstacles to cold chain implementation in developing countries: insights from Vietnam
Authors: Gligor David , Tan Albert , Nguyen Thi Nha Trang 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the obstacles that impede cold chain implementation in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachA grounded theory methodology was employed to execute this research. Eight semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with senior managers in Vietnam. In addition, consistent with grounded theory guidelines, the authors utilized archival data to facilitate theory development.FindingsThe results of the analysis revealed a total of ten key obstacles: deficient professional skills, lack of quality and safety-control measures, high concentration of intermediaries, poor infrastructure, lack of information systems, high cost of installation and operation, inadequate education and training at farmer level, deficiency of standardization, lack of government support for local businesses and social norms.Originality/valueAlthough many authors have recognized the enormity of food wastage and limited employment of cold chain in developing countries compared to developed countries, few efforts have been made to explore the reasons for the limited use of cold chains in developing countries. There are several noteworthy theoretical and managerial contributions that emerged from addressing this gap.
Witness interview strategy for critical incidents (WISCI)
Authors: Smith Kevin , Milne Becky 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
High-profile critical incidents involving multiple witnesses, particularly terrorist attacks, have increased over the years. The purpose of this paper is to describe the components of a witness interview strategy for this type of investigation. Central to these cases is a need for a triage system which deals with a large number of witness/victim interviews that must be conducted fast time.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper was developed based on the experience of the authors who provide practical advice and support to these types of investigations and a dialogue with police interview advisers involved in developing this type of strategy.

Findings
A witness interview strategy for critical incidents involving multiple witnesses should be set within a framework that covers initial contact with the witnesses, the interview process and post-interview processes.

Practical implications
It is important that a witness interview strategy is developed for any critical incident involving multiple witnesses to ensure that what could otherwise be a chaotic process is effectively managed.

Originality/value
No other papers have been published that consider the development of witness interview-strategies for multiple-witnesses in critical incidents.