bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized shock-protecting microstructures
Authors: Huang Zizhou , Panozzo Daniele , Zorin Denis 
Published: November 2024

Mechanical shock is a common occurrence in various settings, there are two different scenarios for shock protection: catastrophic protection (e.g. car collisions and falls) and routine protection (e.g. shoe soles and mattresses). The former protects against one-time events, the latter against periodic shocks and loads. Common shock absorbers based on plasticity and fracturing materials are suitable for the former, while our focus is on the latter, where elastic structures are useful. Further, we optimize the effective elastic material properties which control the critical shock parameter, maximal stress, with energy dissipation by viscous forces assumed adequate. Improved elastic materials protecting against shock can be used in applications such as automotive suspension, furniture like sofas and mattresses, landing gear systems, etc. Materials offering optimal protection against shock have a highly non-linear elastic response: their reaction force needs to be as close as possible to constant with respect to deformation.
In this paper, we use shape optimization and topology search to design 2D families of microstructures approximating the ideal behavior across a range of deformations, leading to superior shock protection. We present an algorithmic pipeline for the optimal design of such families combining differentiable nonlinear homogenization with self-contact and an optimization algorithm. We validate the effectiveness of our advanced 2D designs by extruding and fabricating them with 3D printing technologies and performing material and drop testing.
Computational Design of a Kit of Parts for Bending Active Structures
Authors: Becker Quentin , Kusupati Uday , Suzuki Seiichi , Pauly Mark 
Published: November 2024

Bending-active structures are composed of elastic elements that deform to achieve a desired target shape. To support effective design, inverse algorithms have been proposed that optimize the geometry of each element specifically for each design. This makes it difficult to reuse elements across designs or gain efficiency in fabrication through mass production.
We address this issue and propose a computational framework to rationalize bending-active structures into a sparse kit of parts. Our method solves for the optimal part geometry such that multiple input designs can be faithfully realized with the same kit of parts. Assigning parts to different assemblies leads to a combinatorial explosion that makes exhaustive search intractable. Instead, we propose a relaxed continuous optimization incorporating a physics-based simulation in its inner loop to model the elastic deformation of the bending-active structure accurately. Our algorithm allows analyzing different design trade-offs of a kit of parts to tune the balance between fabrication complexity and fidelity to the original designs. We demonstrate our method on three different classes of bending-active structures, showcasing the effectiveness of our approach for part reuse and sustainable practices in fabrication-driven design.
Hormone Receptor–Positive HER2-Negative/MammaPrint High-2 Breast Cancers Closely Resemble Triple-Negative Breast Cancers
Authors: Rios-Hoyo Alejandro , Xiong Kaitlyn , Dai Jiawei , Yau Christina , Marczyk Michal , Garcia-Milian Rolando , Wolf Denise M. , Huppert Laura A. , Nanda Rita , Hirst Gillian L. , Cobain Erin F. , van ’t Veer Laura J. , Esserman Laura J. , Pusztai Lajos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The MammaPrint (MP) prognostic assay categorizes breast cancers into high- and low-risk subgroups, and the high-risk group can be further subdivided into high-1 (MP-H1), and very high-risk high-2 (MP-H2). The aim of this analysis was to assess clinical and molecular differences between the hormone receptor–positive (HR+)/HER2-negative MP-H1, -H2, and triple-negative (TN) MP-H1 and -H2 cancers.

Experimental Design:
Pretreatment gene expression data from 742 HER2-negative breast cancers enrolled in the I-SPY2 neoadjuvant trial were used. Prognostic risk categories were assigned using the MP assay. Transcriptional similarities across the four receptor and prognostic groups were assessed using principal component analyses and by identifying differentially expressed genes. We also examined pathologic complete response rates and event-free survivals by risk group.

Results:
Principal component analysis showed that HR+/MP-H2 tumors clustered with TN/MP-H2 cancers. Only 125 genes showed differential expression between the HR+/MP-H2 and TN/MP-H2 cancers, whereas 1,465 genes were differentially expressed between HR+/MP-H2 and -H1. Gene set analysis revealed similarly high expression of cell cycle, DNA repair, and immune infiltration–related pathways in HR+/MP-H2 and TN/MP-H2 cancers. HR+/MP-H2 cancers also showed low estrogen receptor–related gene expression. Pathologic complete response rates were similarly high in TN/MP-H2 and HR+/MP-H2 cancers (42% vs. 30.5%; P = 0.11), and MP-H2 cancers with residual cancer had similarly poor event-free survival regardless of estrogen receptor status.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, HR+/MP-H2 cancers closely resemble TN breast cancers in transcriptional and clinical features and benefit from similar treatment strategies.
Chapter 8: The Rights of European Minorities in the Fields of Justice, Public Administration and Public Services—International Developments in 2022
Authors: Nagy Noémi , Szappanyos Melinda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the implementation of the rights of European national, ethnic or linguistic minorities and indigenous peoples in 2022, in the fields of administration of justice, public administration and public services. Relevant legal developments are presented in the activities of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the European Union, and the Council of Europe. These legal developments include not only resolutions and decisions of the relevant monitoring bodies, but also jurisprudence when applicable. Special attention is paid to the application of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, which are the most important international treaties on the rights of minorities in Europe.
Rock-Cut Tomb GE 89 Recently Excavated at Giza
Authors: Kormysheva Eleonora 
Published: November 2024

The rock tomb GE 89 was discovered during the GPR survey of the area in the extreme eastern edge of the Eastern Necropolis at Giza, northwest from the rock tomb of Kakherptah (GE 7721). GE 89 is an L-shaped tomb, with a layout similar to G 7721; it consists of two rooms separated by pillars. Four rock-cut statues were revealed on the southern wall of room A; the contours of false doors, and one preserved offering slab on the second false door were attested in room B on the western wall. The tomb owner and his wife are depicted sitting at the offering table on the offering slab. The ceramic sherds that filled the offering room of the tomb testify to its reuse in the fourth century BC. The initial construction of the tomb dates to the 5th Dynasty; however, no burials have been excavated from that period. [Formula: see text]
Do functional and biological factors influence the handgrip strength: A systematic review
Authors: Myles Louise , Barnett Fiona , Massy-Westropp Nicola 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The measurement of handgrip strength is widely accepted for assessing and evaluating hand function. Age and gender are known factors that correlate directly with the handgrip strength. This review aimed to identify whether other biological and functional factors influence adult handgrip strength and if so, which are the most important. Method: A systematic review was performed on studies that examined handgrip strength in relation to biological and functional factors including anthropometric characteristics, occupation, hand dominance and ethnicity within a working-aged population. Results: The search retrieved 19 studies which were critiqued using the McMasters Critical Appraisal Tool. This review concludes an individual’s height, hand length, hand width/palm width, forearm circumference and hand dominance along with their occupation influence handgrip strength in addition to the established categories of age and gender. It is recommended that future research examines how these factors influence handgrip strength to allow for improved interpretation of handgrip strength in comparison to normative data sets.
The Association Between Bilingual Animal Naming and Memory Among Bilingual Mexican American Older Adults
Authors: Briceño Emily M. , Rentería Miguel Arce , Campos Barbara Mendez , Mehdipanah Roshanak , Chang Wen , Lewandowski-Romps Lisa , Garcia Nelda , Gonzales Xavier F. , Levine Deborah A. , Langa Kenneth M. , Heeringa Steven G. , Morgenstern Lewis B. 
Published: November 2024

Background Monolingual cognitive assessments are standard for bilinguals; the value of bilingual assessment is unknown. Since declines in animal naming accompany memory declines in dementia, we examined the association between bilingual animal naming and memory among bilingual Mexican American (MA) older adults. Methods Bilingual MA (n = 155) completed the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) in a Texas community study. Regressions included HCAP memory score (English) as the outcome and English and Spanish animal naming trials as independent variables; demographics and language dominance were covariates. Results English animal naming ( b = 0.06, P = 0.004) was more reliably associated with memory than Spanish ( b = 0.05, P = 0.06). Considered together, only English ( b = 0.05, P = 0.02) was associated with memory, not Spanish ( b = 0.01, P = 0.63). Conclusions: Spanish animal naming did not uniquely add to English animal naming in its association with memory among bilingual older MA.
Performance assessment of new Poisoning Mortality Score and PGI score for predicting mortality in patients with acute aluminum phosphide poisoning
Authors: El-Sarnagawy Ghada N , Abdelnoor Amira A , Ghonem Mona M 
Published: November 2024

Background Until now, no definite standardized method has been used to promptly assess the severity and outcome of acute aluminum phosphide (ALP) poisoning. The current study aimed to evaluate the performance of the new Poisoning Mortality Score (PMS) and PGI score for predicting mortality in acute ALP-poisoned patients, highlighting the accuracy of new PMS components. Patients and Methods A 2-year cross-sectional study was conducted on ALP-poisoned patients admitted to Tanta University Poison Control Centre from April 2021 to March 2023. Socio-demographics, poisoning data, and initial vital signs were recorded. Additionally, new PMS and PGI scores were calculated on admission. Patients were categorized according to the mortality outcome into survivors and nonsurvivors. Results Out of 160 included ALP poisoned patients, mortality was recorded in 112 (70%) patients. The nonsurvivors had significantly higher median PGI and new PMS values than survivors. New PMS, vital signs component of new PMS, and PGI conveyed good discriminatory power for predicting mortality (AUC = 0.883, 0.873, and 0.817, respectively). Although the new PMS outperformed PGI in all predictive metrics, no significant difference in AUCs was observed between the new PMS and its vital signs component. Conclusion The new PMS vital signs component is closely aligned with the new PMS. Thus, it can be used as a valid, comprehensive, and practical tool to substitute the whole score calculation for rapid ALP-poisoned patient assessment to enhance emergency clinical decision-making.
Understanding patient perspectives on health-related searches on the internet: Insights from an online survey of Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Jung Seung Min , Park Sung-Hoon , Lee Jisoo , Park Yune-Jung , Shim Seung Cheol 
Published: November 2024

Background With the increasing prevalence of digital devices and internet access, digital resources have become essential for educating patients with chronic diseases. We explored the patient perspective on health-related internet searches among Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods We collected data through a Google Survey from 344 SLE patients. The survey covered demographics, preferred digital devices and sources, and digital information content, and participants’ views on digital resources. We analyzed patient characteristics associated with digital resource usage. Results Of the 344 patients, 270 reported using the internet to acquire disease-related information, including the association between nutrition and SLE, general information on SLE, and coping strategies for SLE management. SLE-related searches on the internet were more common in patients younger than 40 years ( p = 0.002), those with fewer than 15 years of disease duration ( p < 0.001), and those with higher education levels ( p = 0.022). Disease duration was independently associated with internet use. Patients reported that internet searches for information on SLE improved their understanding of the disease in 181 cases and motivated self-management in 166 cases. In addition, 98 patients found it helpful to make a shared decision with physicians. Conclusion Health-related searches on the internet are widely used by SLE patients to gather comprehensive information on the disease and to address unmet needs. The positive impact of SLE-related internet searches on disease understanding and self-management emphasizes the importance of developing high-quality digital resources to improve patient education and self-care for the disease.
Retrospective evaluation of the induction of anaesthesia with alfaxalone or propofol in cats undergoing caesarean section
Authors: Lambertini Carlotta , Ballotta Giulia , Cunto Marco , Iovine Ida Carlotta , Spaccini Francesca , Joechler Monika , Zambelli Daniele , Romagnoli Noemi 
Published: November 2024

Objectives Several anaesthetic protocols for caesarean section (c-section) have been described in dogs; however, anaesthesiological studies in cats undergoing c-section are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the viability and outcome of kittens born from queens undergoing emergency c-section and receiving propofol or alfaxalone for anaesthetic induction and isoflurane for maintenance of general anaesthesia. Methods All cats admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Bologna between January 2014 and December 2022 for dystocia that had undergone an emergency c-section were analysed in this retrospective study. The queens received propofol 2–6 mg/kg IV (group P) or alfaxalone 1–3 mg/kg IV (group A) administered slowly; general anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. Survival of all the kittens was evaluated at birth and after 24 h; in addition, heart rate, respiratory rate and mucous membrane colour were evaluated in the kittens at birth. Results Of the 14 cats included in the study, eight received alfaxalone (group A) and six received propofol (group P) for induction of the general anaesthesia. A total of 50 kittens were born by c-section: 30 kittens in group A and 20 in group P. The overall survival of the kittens was 90% at birth: 96.7% (29/30) for group A and 80% (16/20) for group P. The 24 h survival rate was 93.1% for group A and 87.5% for group P. Conclusions and relevance The results of the present study demonstrated that in cats undergoing c-section, both alfaxalone and propofol are feasible for the induction of general anaesthesia.
Are There Shortages and Regional Disparities in Lecanemab Treatment Facilities? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ohashi Kazuki , Takahashi-Iwata Ikuko , Jieyu Zhao , Sakushima Ken , Yabe Ichiro , Ogasawara Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, affecting 70% of patients with dementia. In Japan, over 5 million people aged 65 years and older had dementia in 2018, and this figure is expected to rise to 25% to 30% of this age group by 2045. In Japan, lecanemab, which was approved in 2023, is expected to be a new treatment for AD. However, lecanemab requires stringent management, including amyloid PET scans and MRI monitoring, necessitating specialized facilities, creating concerns regarding the lack of treatment facilities and poor treatment access. Methods: This study assessed spatial accessibility to lecanemab in Hokkaido, Japan, using geographic information system data. Hospitals were categorized into 3 scenarios based on their capacity to meet the treatment criteria. Service area analysis in each scenario evaluated the population coverage within 30-, 60-, and 120-minute travel times. The inverted two-step floating catchment area method was used to calculate the potential high-demand areas index (PHDI) for each hospital. Results: Population coverage ranged from 56% to 97%, depending on the scenario and travel time. Coverage for the most feasible scenario (Scenario 1) was 56%, 73.9%, and 88.3% within 30, 60, and 120 minutes, respectively. Northern and southern Hokkaido had the lowest coverage. PHDI analysis identified high-demand areas, with Sapporo facing potential overcapacity issues. Conclusion: Lecanemab highlights the need for strategic resource allocation to enhance accessibility and capacity. Establishing additional treatment centers, particularly in areas with poor accessibility and capacity, is crucial to maximize the benefits of treatment for dementia.
Brackish Connections: (Digital) Learning Networks, (Virtual) Communities of Practice, and the Rich Learning-To-Action Pathways of Their Combined and Intersecting Existence
Authors: Eller Kari F. 
Published: November 2024

The Problem Virtual communities of practice (VCoPs) share many features of digital learning networks (DLNs). Their work is ecosystemically connected, and they operate on overlapping continuums. This makes understanding how they function and decisions about which term to use difficult. The Solution This article outlines points of convergence and divergence between VCoPs and DLNs. It explains how the term, complexly coevolving, clarifies their brackish connections, and the proposed term, glocal peer-learning practice networks (GPPNs), is needed to describe their intersecting existence. The Stakeholders Organizations and networks that seek to quickly and comprehensively describe the scale and scope of their work. Researchers who seek to unify terminology for better evaluation and advancement of the field across societal sectors. Practitioners and funders who aim to develop or strengthen work against issues of global concern using combined features of VCoPs and DLNs.
Physico - Mechanical characterization property evaluation of polyvinyl butyral composites filled with macadamia nutshell
Authors: Salman Suhad D 
Published: November 2024

In the current research, tensile, flexural, and compression were done, as well as the effect of water absorption on dimensional stability, to study the effect of adding different weight fractions of Macadamia nutshell about (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt %) to Polyvinyl Butyral composites. Different average grain sizes of Macadamia nutshell (75 µm, 150 µm, and 300 µm) were used. In addition, both FTIR analysis and morphological observation of composites were conducted. Findings reveal that M7501 (10% filler, 75 µm) consistently achieves the highest mechanical properties, including tensile strength (35% higher), Young’s modulus (15% higher), toughness (40% greater), tensile strain (25% greater), flexural strength (29% higher), and compressive strength (20% higher) compared to M7504 (40% filler). Conversely, composites with larger particle sizes and higher filler content, such as M3004 and M1504, exhibited significant reductions in mechanical properties, with up to 43% lower flexural strength and 41.7% lower compressive strength compared to their counterparts with lower filler content. Higher filler contents exacerbated this issue by increasing the likelihood of particle clustering, which creates weak points and voids that compromise the structural integrity of the composite. Additionally, larger particle sizes (150 µm and 300 µm) showed more pronounced agglomeration and void formation compared to smaller particles (75 µm), further highlighting the challenges in achieving a homogeneous composite structure with larger fillers. SEM investigation demonstrated that increasing filler amounts led to noticeable particle agglomeration, aggregation and void formation, negatively impacts the composites, leading to weaker mechanical properties.
The (Un)Hidden Effects of Digitalization on Enterprise Performance During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kalaj Ermira 
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses on the analysis of digitalization of enterprises and its performance impact in Albania. Using the World Bank Enterprise Survey of 2019 merged with the ES follow-up on Covid-19 for Albania, we investigate the overall performance of enterprises during Covid-19 pandemic and the role of digitalization. The objective of the survey is to better understand the firm’s experience in the private sector. The collected data are based on firms’ experiences and perception of the environment in which they operate. The paper uses these specific questions to study digitalization prior to and during Covid-19 pandemic. ES questionnaires focus on the following questions: (a) Does the establishment have its own website? (b) Started or increased business activity online? (c) Started or increased remote work arrangement for its workforce? The dependent variable is performance of the enterprises measured in terms of sales growth, employment growth, closure, and production adjustment. While the vector of independent variables is composed by enterprise characteristics such as firm size, ownership structure, legal status, region, etc. Moreover, dummy variables are used to capture access to formal banking service, and gender ownership. JEL Classification: L25, L26, L86,