bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INSTITUTO DO REFÚGIO NO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Pereira de Andrade Maila , Gonçalves da Silva Lucas , Felix Nascimento Reginaldo 
Published: November 2024

Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os antecedentes históricos e os marcos normativos que sedimentaram o surgimento do instituto do refúgio. Dessa forma, é explorado como o desenvolvimento do direito dos refugiados foi moldado pela dinâmica contínua de mudanças políticas e pelos desafios contemporâneos de cada período do direito internacional. A indicação da ACNUR sobre o constante aumento do número de refugiados e a insuficiência da atual proteção internacional é o motivo que justifica a importância desta pesquisa. A referida agência expressa preocupação com a necessidade de intensificar os debates sobre o tema e melhorar a qualidade da proteção global oferecida aos refugiados. A presente pesquisa funda-se como sendo de natureza qualitativa, cujos recursos são bibliográficos e documentais, possuindo uma abordagem temática dogmática, comparativa e histórico-evolutiva.
Unlocking Neuraminidase Inhibitors: Insights from Natural Products
through Pharmacophore Modeling, Virtual Screening, and Molecular
Docking
Authors: Mando Huda , Moussa Nathalie 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Neuraminidase enzyme plays a major role in the life cycle of influenza viruses.
Targeting neuraminidases is a key strategy in preventing and treating influenza A and B spread
by inhibiting the release of new viral particles from infected cells. Developing new neuraminidase
inhibitors with enhanced efficacy and reduced risk of resistance is the ultimate of ongoing research.

Objective:
In this study, we tried to shed light on molecules of natural origin that inhibit neuraminidase
enzyme by utilizing different aspects of in silico studies.

Methods:
The work started by generating structure-based pharmacophore, later used for the virtual
screening of electronic libraries constructed from chemical and natural compounds. Hits raised from
virtual screening were subjected to molecular docking to assess and explain different modes of interactions
with the neuraminidase enzyme. Drug likeness and ADME filters were applied to choose
compounds that may be taken effectively by oral route with good gastrointestinal absorption and
acceptable pharmacokinetics with respect to Lipinski and Ghose rules. The hits were also inspected
for toxicity risks, including mutagenic, tumorigenic, irritant, and reproductive effects.

Results:
7 features of the generated pharmacophore from the potent inhibitor Oselatamiver were the
base for virtual screening. The results obtained by database screening highlighted 4 natural compounds
listed in the COCONUT library (CNP 0125691 (Penicitrinol K), CNP0256196 (Frenolicin
D), CNP 0138184, and CNP 0206296) as potential neuraminidase inhibitors. The compounds
showed a similar interaction profile to Oseltamivir by molecular docking with high binding affinity.
The key residue TYR 406 hydrogen bonded to Penicitrinol and Frenolicin D as well as to Oseltamevir.
The 4 natural compounds exerted drug-like properties and promising pharmacokinetic characters.
Toxicity risks estimations put Penicitrinol K and Frenolicin as devoted to mutagenic, tumorigenic,
irritant and reproductive potentials. Penicitrinol K and Frenolicin are assigned for further in
vitro and in vivo studies as promising neuraminidase inhibitors.

Conclusion:
Penicitrinol K, and Frenolicin D are promising natural neuraminidase inhibitors, exhibiting
favourable drug-like properties and low toxicity risks in addition to showing the pattern of interaction
profiles with neuraminidase enzymes similar to the known drug Oseltamivir contributing to
the development of effective antiviral therapies against influenza, suggesting further in vitro and in
vivo evaluation.
Trajectories of Change, Illness Understanding, and Parental Worries in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: Protocol for a Single-Case Design and Explorative Pilot Study
Authors: Skovslund Nielsen Eva , Kallesøe Karen , Bennedsen Gehrt Tine , Bjerre-Nielsen Ellen , Lalouni Maria , Frostholm Lisbeth , Bonnert Marianne , Rask Charlotte Ulrikka 
Published: November 2024

Background
Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are common in young people and are characterized by persistent or recurrent abdominal symptoms without apparent structural or biochemical abnormalities. FAPDs are associated with diminished quality of life, school absence, increased health care use, and comorbid anxiety and depression. Exposure-based internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating abdominal symptoms and improving quality of life. However, a deeper understanding of effect mechanisms and identification of possible additional treatment targets could refine treatment.

Objective
This protocol paper aims to describe a study focusing on children and adolescents undergoing ICBT for FAPDs, aiming to further investigate the underlying mechanisms of effect.

Methods
Children (8-12 years), adolescents (13-17 years) with FAPDs, and their respective parents will be included for 10 weeks for ICBT. First, detailed trajectories of effect are examined through a randomized single-case design study involving 6 children and 6 adolescents (substudy 1). Following this, an open-ended explorative pilot study with 30 children and 30 adolescents explores potential illness-related cognitive biases and interoceptive accuracy before and after treatment (substudy 2). Finally, spanning across these 2 substudies, including all parents from substudies 1 and 2, we will assess parental distress and illness worries before and after treatment, and how these factors impact the treatment adherence and outcomes of the child or adolescent (substudy 3).

Results
Recruitment of participants began in June 2022 and is finalized for substudy 1 and ongoing for substudies 2 and 3. Recruitment is expected to be completed by January 2025, with final data collection during April 2025.

Conclusions
The findings have the potential to contribute to the ongoing improvement of specialized psychological treatment for FAPDs in young people.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05237882; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05237882; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05486585; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05486585; OSF Registries osf.io/c49k7; https://osf.io/c49k7

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/58563
Virtual Reality–Applied Home-Visit Rehabilitation for Patients With Chronic Pain: Protocol for Single-Arm Pre-Post Comparison Study
Authors: Funao Hiroki , Momosaki Ryo , Tsujikawa Mayumi , Kawamoto Eiji , Esumi Ryo , Shimaoka Motomu 
Published: November 2024

Background
Pain inhibits rehabilitation. In rehabilitation at medical institutions, the usefulness of virtual reality (VR) has been reported in many cases to alleviate pain. In recent years, the demand for home rehabilitation has increased. Unlike in medical situations, the patients targeted for in-home rehabilitation often have chronic pain due to physical and psychosocial factors, and the environment is not specialized for rehabilitation. However, VR might be effective for in-home rehabilitation settings.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of applying VR to home-visit rehabilitation for homebound patients with chronic pain.

Methods
This study will test the feasibility of VR applied to home-visit rehabilitation for patients with chronic pain. A single-arm pre-post comparison will be conducted to evaluate its feasibility. Screening will be conducted on patients who have given consent to participate in the study, and those who have pain that persists or recurs for more than 3 months and receive home-visit rehabilitation will be enrolled in the study. Baseline measurements will be conducted on study participants before the start of the VR intervention. VR-applied home-visit rehabilitation will be conducted once a week for a total of 10 VR interventions. The primary endpoint is the change in pain from the baseline to the tenth intervention. Pain is a subjective symptom of the study participants and will be subjectively assessed by the Numerical Rating Scale of 11 levels from 0 to 10. Pain as the primary endpoint will be measured at 3-time points per rehabilitation session: before, during, and after the rehabilitation so that changes between time points can be evaluated. Secondary endpoints are heart rate variability, range of motion of the area in the musculoskeletal system where the pain occurs, motivation for rehabilitation, catastrophic thoughts of pain, mood state, quality of life, and interviews. Assessments will be conducted at the baseline, first, fifth, and tenth interventions. After completing the clinical study (10 VR interventions), patients will continue their regular home-visit rehabilitation as usual.

Results
Recruitment of participants began on February 22, 2022, and data collection is ongoing as of November 2024. The research results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and through presentations at national and international conferences.

Conclusions
This study will contribute to the development of novel rehabilitation-based solutions for homebound patients who have had difficulty obtaining adequate relief from chronic pain. Future studies will consider conducting randomized controlled trials as clinical trials to validate the efficacy of VR during home-visit rehabilitation for patients with chronic pain.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/58734
Enhancing Clinical Decision Making by Predicting Readmission Risk in Patients With Heart Failure Using Machine Learning: Predictive Model Development Study
Authors: Jiang Xiangkui , Wang Bingquan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with heart failure frequently face the possibility of rehospitalization following an initial hospital stay, placing a significant burden on both patients and health care systems. Accurate predictive tools are crucial for guiding clinical decision-making and optimizing patient care. However, the effectiveness of existing models tailored specifically to the Chinese population is still limited.

Objective
This study aimed to formulate a predictive model for assessing the likelihood of readmission among patients diagnosed with heart failure.

Methods
In this study, we analyzed data from 1948 patients with heart failure in a hospital in Sichuan Province between 2016 and 2019. By applying 3 variable selection strategies, 29 relevant variables were identified. Subsequently, we constructed 6 predictive models using different algorithms: logistic regression, support vector machine, gradient boosting machine, Extreme Gradient Boosting, multilayer perception, and graph convolutional networks.

Results
The graph convolutional network model showed the highest prediction accuracy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.831, accuracy of 75%, sensitivity of 52.12%, and specificity of 90.25%.

Conclusions
The model crafted in this study proves its effectiveness in forecasting the likelihood of readmission among patients with heart failure, thus serving as a crucial reference for clinical decision-making.
Multiparametric MRI Assessment of Morpho-Functional Muscle Changes Following a 6-Month FES-Cycling Training Program: Pilot Study in People With a Complete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Mastropietro Alfonso , Peruzzo Denis , Taccogna Maria Giovanna , Sanna Nicole , Casali Nicola , Nossa Roberta , Biffi Emilia , Ambrosini Emilia , Pedrocchi Alessandra , Rizzo Giovanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) cause debilitating secondary conditions such as severe muscle deterioration, cardiovascular, and metabolic dysfunctions, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) combined with cycling exercise (FES-cycling) has shown promise in improving muscle function and health in individuals with SCI.

Objective
This pilot study aimed to investigate the potential role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess muscle health during and after an FES-cycling rehabilitation program.

Methods
Four male participants with chronic SCI underwent a 6-month FES-cycling training program, consisting of two 30-minute sessions per week. MRI scans were performed at baseline (T0), after 3 months (T1), at the end of the training (T2), and 1-month posttraining (T3). The MRI protocol included T1-weighted imaging for volume quantification, Dixon imaging for fat fraction, multi-echo spin echo for T2 relaxation times, and diffusion tensor imaging to assess diffusion parameters.

Results
Muscle hypertrophy was observed, with an average increase in muscle volume of 22.3% at T1 and 36.7% at T2 compared with baseline. One month posttraining, muscle volume remained 23.2% higher than baseline. Fat fraction decreased from 11.1% at T0 to 9.1% at T2, with a rebound to 10.9% at T3. T2 relaxation times showed a reduction even though this was not consistent among participants. Diffusion tensor imaging parameters revealed subtle changes in muscle tissue microstructure, with a decrease in fractional anisotropy mainly associated to an increase of radial diffusivity.

Conclusions
Although preliminary, this study provides evidence that 6 months of low-intensity FES-bike training can increase muscle volume and decrease fat infiltration in individuals with SCI. The study demonstrates that the use of a multiparametric MRI provides comprehensive insights into both macroscopic and microscopic changes within muscle tissues, supporting its integration into clinical practice for assessing the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions.
Ensino Profissional e Tecnológico na era do reformismo:
Authors: De Paula Julio Cesar 
Published: November 2024

RESUMO O presente trabalho tem por objetivo essencial investigar e apresentar alguns dos aspectos determinantes para a volatilidade e a insegurança jurídica que se abatem sobre as políticas públicas e os currículos para o ensino médio, especialmente na modalidade Educação Profissional e Tecnológica e de que maneira essas transformações e incertezas afetam ou podem afetar as juventudes trabalhadoras em nosso país. O artigo apresenta uma análise bibliográfica e documental de caráter qualitativo, e se inicia a partir de um balanço historiográfico sobre a educação profissional e tecnológica em seu contexto histórico e pretende desfiar algumas reflexões sobre como vem sendo construída a estrutura e a cultura do ensino no Brasil, além de como a educação vem sendo afetada pelo receituário neoliberal desde a década de 1990 e, principalmente, como o recente conjunto de reordenamento jurídico que envolve a Lei 13.415, da reforma do ensino médio e suas normas complementares aprofundaram o abismo existente entre o ensino médio e a universidade, reforçaram a dualidade estrutural da educação, fragmentaram o currículo e esvaziaram de sentido tanto as disciplinas tradicionais como aquelas introduzidas pela própria reforma. Palavras-chave: Educação Profissional. Currículo. Neoliberalismo.
An Analysis of Nonprofit Organization Federal Income Tax Avoidance Using Publicly Available Income Tax Return Data
Authors: Yetman Robert 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Nonprofit organizations are subject to an Unrelated Business Income Tax (UBIT) on activities unrelated to their tax exempt purpose. In 2007 nonprofits became the first U.S. federal taxpayers required to publicly disclose their income tax returns. Using this data I find that nonprofits avoid the UBIT by combining losses from some activities to offset the profits of other activities. A provision in the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2018 was effective in mitigating the use of loss activities as a UBIT avoidance method. I also find that nonprofits continue to avoid the UBIT by shifting common costs from tax exempt to taxable activities. I find that UBIT avoidance is increasing in tax rates. Finally, tax avoidance is smaller for the set of nonprofits organized as charitable trusts rather than as corporations or associations, and that public donors play a governing role by mitigating UBIT avoidance.
Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the text.
JEL Classifications: H26; L30.
Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Contributes to Phenotypic Presentation in Monogenic Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Luckett Amber M. , Hawkes Gareth , Green Harry D. , De Franco Elisa , Hagopian William A. , Roep Bart O. , Weedon Michael N. , Oram Richard A. , Johnson Matthew B. ,   EXE-T1D consortium, Dobbs Rebecca A , Domingo-Vila Clara , Gillespie Kathleen M , Hattersley Andrew T , Hudson Michelle , McDonald Timothy J , Morgan Noel G , Murrall Kathryn , Richardson Sarah J , Smithmyer Megan E , Speake Cate , Tree Timothy IM 
Published: November 2024

Disease-causing variants in key immune homeostasis genes can lead to monogenic autoimmune diabetes. Some individuals carrying disease-causing variants do not develop autoimmune diabetes, even though they develop another autoimmune disease. We aimed to determine whether type 1 diabetes polygenic risk contributes to phenotypic presentation in monogenic autoimmune diabetes. We used a 67 single nucleotide polymorphism type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (T1D-GRS) to determine polygenic risk in 62 individuals with monogenic autoimmune diabetes and 180 control individuals with nonautoimmune neonatal diabetes (NDM). We used population-based control participants (n = 10,405) and individuals with type 1 diabetes (n = 285) as a comparator. Individuals with monogenic autoimmune diabetes had higher T1D-GRSs compared with individuals with nonautoimmune NDM (mean 11.3 vs. 9.8; P = 1.7 × 10−5) and controls (mean 10.3; P = 7.5 × 10−6), but the levels were markedly lower than those for individuals with type 1 diabetes (14.9; P = 3.3 × 10−21). These differences were explained by individuals with monogenic autoimmune diabetes having higher class II HLA genetic risk, specifically from the DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 haplotype (DR3-DQ2) (P &lt; 0.01). In the presence of monogenic autoimmunity, the polygenic class II HLA susceptibility contributes to development of autoimmune diabetes. This suggests a role of class II HLA in targeting the dysregulated immune response toward the β-cell.

Article Highlights
There is variability in early-onset autoimmune diabetes presentation in individuals with monogenic autoimmunity; the mechanism(s) underlying this is unclear. We examined whether type 1 diabetes (T1D) polygenic risk contributes to clinical phenotype in monogenic autoimmune diabetes. Individuals with monogenic autoimmune diabetes had higher T1D genetic risk scores compared with control cohorts, driven largely by increased presence of T1D-risk DR3-DQ2 haplotype. Established T1D polygenic risk alleles, particularly class II HLA genes, contribute to clinical presentation in monogenic autoimmunity.
Life Course Associations Between Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and the Prevalence of Prediabetes and Diabetes: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Taiwan and Hong Kong
Authors: Yi Yuanyuan , Guo Cui , Zheng Yiling , Chen Siyi , Lin Changqing , Lau Alexis K.H. , Wong Martin C.S. , Bishai David M. 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE
Both air pollution and diabetes are key urban challenges. The association between particulate matter with a diameter of &lt;2.5 μm (PM2.5) exposure and prediabetes/diabetes in adults is well documented, but the health effects of life course exposure remain unclear. This study evaluated the impact of PM2.5 exposure throughout various life stages on the prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes in adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included 4,551 individuals with 19,593 medical visits from two open cohorts in Taiwan and Hong Kong between 2000 and 2018. Ambient PM2.5 exposure was assessed using a satellite-based model, delivering a 2-year average exposure at a resolution of 1 km2. Logistic mixed-effects models were used to investigate longitudinal associations between PM2.5 exposure and the prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes. Life course models were used to examine the impact of PM2.5 exposure at different life stages on prediabetes/diabetes in adulthood.

RESULTS
Over an average follow-up period of 9.93 years, 1,660 individuals with prediabetes/diabetes were observed. For the longitudinal association, every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an increased odds of having prediabetes/diabetes (odds ratio 1.32, 95% CI 1.13, 1.54). The odds of adulthood prediabetes/diabetes increased by 15%, 18%, and 29% for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure during school age, adolescence, and adulthood, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest a link between PM2.5 exposure during each life stage and the prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes in adulthood, with the health impacts of exposure during adulthood being slightly greater. This study underscores the need for life course air pollution control strategies to mitigate the substantial disease burden of diabetes.
THE EFFECT OF READING TO LEARN (R2L) MODEL ON SCIENCTIFIC LITERACY OF LIVING THINGS CLASSIFICATION LEARNING MATERIALS
Authors: Putri Elmesa , Oktavia Rani , Arif Khairil , Muttaqiin Arief 
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of R2L model on scienctific literacy competence of students on the classification of Living Things learning material. The type of this research is a quasi experiment with nonequivalent control group design. This research was conducted in the 7th grade of SMPN 7 Payakumbuh, West Sumatra. The sampling was taken by purposive sampling technique to get 32 students of class VII.I as experimental group and 23 students of class VII.II as control group. The instrument used is a test of science literacy questions as many as 16 questions with 3 forms of questions. The results showed that the use of the R2L model increase the science literacy competence of students. The important syntax in supporting the improvement of students' scientific literacy competence is at the detailed reading and note-making stages. This stage allows students to read the reading text attentively and find important words in the text.