bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Biomass and Yield Using METRIC Evapotranspiration and Simple Growth Algorithms
Authors: Khan Azeem , Stöckle Claudio O. , Nelson Roger L. , Peters Troy , Adam Jennifer C. , Lamb Brian , Chi Jinshu , Waldo Sarah 
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

Crop models have significant limitations in estimating “real‐world” yields across the landscape.
Joining satellite‐based evapotranspiration and leaf area index with growth algorithms provide good yield estimation.
Proposed method evapotranspiration and yields compared well with observations at four dryland sites.
Crop models are used to assess crop yield under prescribed scenarios and at scales varying from point to field to region and beyond. The use of models to evaluate the performance of agricultural systems, as they exist in the real world, can be challenging and plagued with constraints. This is due to the difficulty in characterizing the spatial variability across the landscape of crops, soils, weather, management, miscellaneous stress factors, and the initial state of the system. We propose the use of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimated from remote sensing images and simple crop growth‐transpiration algorithms as an alternative to the use of standalone crop models for real‐world yield assessment. In this study, we combined ETa estimates from METRIC (Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration) with simple crop growth algorithms extracted from the CropSyst model to estimate biomass production and yield at high resolution (30 by 30 m). We tested this approach in four dryland agriculture sites in eastern Washington State with contrasting annual precipitation. All sites were equipped with an eddy covariance flux tower for ground ETa estimation. The proposed approach was able to provide good estimates of ETa, seasonal change of aboveground biomass and yields at all sites when compared with observations for a 3‐year period, collectively including five different annual crops. Because estimations are made at high resolution, they can be scaled up to field or regional scales. Advantages and limitations of the proposed approach are discussed.
Improvement in long-range streamflow forecasting accuracy using the Bayes' theorem
Authors: Seo Seung Beom , Kim Young-Oh , Kang Shin-Uk , Chun Gun Il 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study has developed a hydrologic forecasting system for correcting the systematic bias inherent in hydrologic simulations based on the Bayes' theorem. The observed climatology was used as prior information, and results of a linear regression model that describes the relationship between ‘the observed streamflow’ and ‘the mean of the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) forecasts’ was used to form a likelihood function. The Bayes' theorem was then applied to produce posterior information for the streamflow forecast. Thirty-five watersheds, in which a dam is operated, were tested in this study, and the forecast accuracy was evaluated. It was found that the developed Bayesian ESP (B-ESP) model is capable of improving the forecast accuracy of the ESP. It was found that the forecasting accuracy was improved for all the different lengths of lead-times with the B-ESP model. Nonetheless, the B-ESP model obtained lower RPSS values than the ESP, while its deterministic forecasting accuracy was better than the ESP. This is due to the intrinsic attribute of the Bayesian inference.
Nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes in three soils fertigated with decentralised wastewater treatment effluent to field capacity
Authors: Musazura W. , Odindo A. O. , Tesfamariam E. H. , Hughes J. C. , Buckley C. A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Decentralised Wastewater Treatment System (DEWATS) provides low cost onsite sanitation to residents living in informal settlements. Wastewater management through agriculture prevents environmental pollution and promotes sustainable agriculture. This study investigated the effects of fertigation with DEWATS effluent to field capacity in three South African soils under a banana crop. The experiment was conducted as a complete randomised design in a greenhouse with two irrigation water treatments (DEWATS effluent vs municipal tap water irrigation + fertiliser) × three soil types (Ia, Cf and Se) and four replicates over 728 days. Data were collected on crop growth, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake and dynamics in the soil. The DEWATS effluent significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased N and P uptake and soil NH+4-N and extractable P concentrations. Furthermore, DEWATS effluent fertigation significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased N leaching from the Ia soil and P leaching from the Cf soil. Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from DEWATS was lower than the tap water irrigation + fertiliser treatment. There was, however, excess N and P accumulation from the DEWATS than the irrigation + fertiliser treatment, which would cause environmental concerns from runoff and leaching losses in the medium to long term.
Wavelet denoising and cubic spline interpolation for observation data in groundwater pollution source identification problems
Authors: Zhao Ying , Fu Qiang , Lu Wenxi , Yi Ji , Chu Haibo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
As the identified results of groundwater pollution source identification (GPSI) can influence the cost for the polluter in paying for remediating groundwater resources, it is important that the accuracy of the estimated result should be as high as possible. However, many factors can influence the result, such as noisy concentration data and incomplete concentration data. Thus, this paper is aimed at studying the difference between using the observation data before and after denoising and interpolating for solving GPSI problems. Four kinds of noise level and 20 groups of missing data were designed to test the performance of wavelet denoising and cubic spline interpolation, respectively. The results show that the denoising process can improve the estimated result for the GPSI problem, and the higher the noise level, the stronger this effect. In terms of interpolation, more accurate results can be made after interpolating if the missing data belong to the period after the source releases the pollutant. If the missing data are from when the pollution source is active, interpolation cannot help increase the estimated performance.
Ammonia-based aeration control with optimal SRT control: improved performance and lower energy consumption
Authors: Schraa Oliver , Rieger Leiv , Alex Jens , Miletić Ivan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC) is a cascade control concept for controlling total ammonia nitrogen (NHx-N) in the activated sludge process. Its main goals are to tailor the aeration intensity to the NHx-N loading and to maintain consistent nitrification, to meet effluent limits but minimize energy consumption. One limitation to ABAC is that the solids retention time (SRT) control strategy used at a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) may not be consistent with the goals of ABAC. ABAC-SRT control is a strategy for aligning the goals of ammonia-based aeration control and SRT control. A supervisory controller is used to ensure that the SRT is always optimal for ABAC. The methodology has the potential to reduce aeration energy consumption by over 30% as compared to traditional dissolved oxygen (DO) control. Practical implementation aspects are highlighted for implementation at full scale, such as proper selection of the set point for the supervisory controller, proper calculation of the rate of change in sludge inventory, using a mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) controller, and tuning of the controllers. In conclusion, ABAC-SRT is a promising approach for coordinated control of SRT, total ammonia nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen in the activated sludge process that balances both treatment performance and energy savings.
Enhanced degradation of methylene blue by a solution plasma process catalyzed by incidentally co-generated copper nanoparticles
Authors: Prasertsung Isarawut , Kaewcharoen Sasin , Kunpinit Kornnika , Yaowarat Wattanachai , Saito Nagahiro , Phenrat Tanapon 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study presents a catalytic organic pollution treatment using the solution plasma process (SPP) with incidentally co-generated copper (Cu) nanoparticles via Cu electrode erosion. Methylene blue (MB) was used as a model organic contaminant. The treatment time was from 0 to 60 minutes at the plasma frequencies of 15 and 30 kHz. The treatment efficacy using the Cu electrode was compared with that of the tungsten (W) electrode. The high erosion-resistant W electrode provided no W nanoparticles, while the low erosion-resistant Cu electrode yielded incidental nanoparticles (10–20 nm), hypothesized to catalyze the MB degradation during the SPP. The percentage of MB degradation and the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation were determined by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The results showed that, after the SPP by the Cu electrode for 60 minutes, the MB was degraded up to 96%. Using the Cu electrode at a high plasma frequency strongly accelerated the Cu nanoparticle generation and MB treatment, although the amount of H2O2 generated during the SPP using the Cu electrode was less than that of the W electrode. The Cu nanoparticles were hypothesized to enhance MB degradation via both homogeneous (release of dissolved Cu ions) and heterogeneous (on the surface of the particles) catalytic processes.
Bone Marrow Niches for Skeletal Progenitor Cells and their Inhabitants in Health and Disease
Authors: Herrmann Marietta , Jakob Franz 
Published: January 2019

The bone marrow hosts skeletal progenitor cells which have most widely been referred to as Mesenchymal Stem or Stromal Cells (MSCs), a heterogeneous population of adult stem cells possessing the potential for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. A consensus agreement on minimal criteria has been suggested to define MSCs in vitro, including adhesion to plastic, expression of typical surface markers and the ability to differentiate towards the adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages but they are critically discussed since the differentiation capability of cells could not always be confirmed by stringent assays in vivo. However, these in vitro characteristics have led to the notion that progenitor cell populations, similar to MSCs in bone marrow, reside in various tissues. MSCs are in the focus of numerous (pre)clinical studies on tissue regeneration and repair.Recent advances in terms of genetic animal models enabled a couple of studies targeting skeletal progenitor cells in vivo. Accordingly, different skeletal progenitor cell populations could be identified by the expression of surface markers including nestin and leptin receptor. While there are still issues with the identity of, and the overlap between different cell populations, these studies suggested that specific microenvironments, referred to as niches, host and maintain skeletal progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Dynamic mutual interactions through biological and physical cues between niche constituting cells and niche inhabitants control dormancy, symmetric and asymmetric cell division and lineage commitment. Niche constituting cells, inhabitant cells and their extracellular matrix are subject to influences of aging and disease e.g. via cellular modulators. Protective niches can be hijacked and abused by metastasizing tumor cells, and may even be adapted via mutual education. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on bone marrow skeletal progenitor cell niches in physiology and pathophysiology. We discuss the plasticity and dynamics of bone marrow niches as well as future perspectives of targeting niches for therapeutic strategies.
Influencia de las creencias en vejez, salud y enfermedad de adultos mayores en el uso de servicios de salud
Authors: Vargas Esquivel Luz María , Crespo Knopfler M. Silvia , Taracena Ruiz Elvia , Casasa García Patricia , Belserio Almario Carmen L. 
Published: January 2019

Las creencias en salud y vejez se estudian desde el paradigma cualitativo, y desde la situación de los ancianos mexicanos.
Los objetivos del estudio son relacionar las creencias en vejez, salud, y enfermedad con el uso de servicios de primer nivel de atención y comprender el concepto de salud y vejez desde la visión de los adultos mayores.
Metodología: El estudio es de tipo cualitativo a través de la teoría fundamentada con 8 informantes en la comunidad adjunta a la clínica Valle de Aragón, durante el periodo del 2004, en su domicilio mediante entrevista semi­dirigida. El análisis de datos se llevó a cabo a través del microanálisis, codificación abierta, axial y selectiva.
Resultados: Se presentan algunos avances, al faltar desarrollar diversas categorías y sus interrelaciones. Las creencias respecto a la vejez se enfocan como deterioro de funcionalidad física, soledad, pero que debe ser aceptada. Los preámbulos del envejecimiento, se encaminan más a las modificaciones del sistema musculo esquelético y digestivo principalmente. La visión de la salud para dichos informantes está encaminada a la independencia, el apoyo familiar y estar libre de enfermedad. El aprendizaje de la salud se da por la historia de vida.
Como se constituye un centro colaborador de enfermería de la Organización Mundial de la Salud
Authors: Zárate Grajales Rosa A. , Rubio Domínguez Severino 
Published: January 2019

El artículo Segundo de las normas que rigen la Constitución de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) le asigna la función de promover y realizar acciones en el campo de la salud. Es ampliamente reconocido que la mejor manera de promover actividades relacionadas con ésta es establecer mecanismos de colaboración con instituciones nacionales de los Estados Miembros.
Por lo tanto, a lo largo de los años se ha desarrollado una red amplia de Centros Colaboradores de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) que se actualiza constantemente, según sean las necesidades identificadas en el programa de la Organización. En particular, respecto de su objetivo central de proporcionar acceso universal a la salud.
Dentro de la OMS se ha encomendado al Departamento de Políticas y Cooperación en materia de Investigaciones, ubicado en el Grupo Orgánico de Pruebas Científicas e información para las Políticas, la tarea de administrar el proceso de formalización de la relación entre la OMS y sus centros colaboradores.
Se espera que esta información sea útil para aclarar los mecanismos de colaboración y para facilitar su utilización por parte de todos aquellos que estén interesados en realizar actividades de cooperación técnica con la OMS/OPS.
Eye Care Utilization Among Insured People With Diabetes in the U.S., 2010–2014
Authors: Benoit Stephen R. , Swenor Bonnielin , Geiss Linda S. , Gregg Edward W. , Saaddine Jinan B. 
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults, and although screening with eye exams is effective, screening rates are low. We evaluated eye exam visits over a 5-year period in a large population of insured patients 10–64 years of age with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used claims data from IBM Watson Health to identify patients with diabetes and continuous insurance coverage from 2010 to 2014. Diabetes and DR were defined using ICD-9 Clinical Modification codes. We calculated eye exam visit frequency by diabetes type over a 5-year period and estimated period prevalence and cumulative incidence of DR among those receiving an eye exam.

RESULTS
Among the 298,383 insured patients with type 2 diabetes and no diagnosed DR, almost half had no eye exam visits over the 5-year period and only 15.3% met the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations for annual or biennial eye exams. For the 2,949 patients with type 1 diabetes, one-third had no eye exam visits and 26.3% met ADA recommendations. The 5-year period prevalence and cumulative incidence of DR were 24.4% and 15.8%, respectively, for patients with type 2 diabetes and 54.0% and 33.4% for patients with type 1 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of eye exams was alarmingly low, adding to the abundant literature that systemic changes in health care may be needed to detect and prevent vision-threatening eye disease among people with diabetes.
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Burden in People With Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S. Receiving Antidiabetic and Cardioprotective Therapies
Authors: Montvida Olga , Cai Xiaoling , Paul Sanjoy K. 
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE
Individualized treatment of patients with diabetes requires detailed evaluation of risk factor dynamics at the population level. This study evaluated the persistent glycemic and cardiovascular (CV) risk factor burden over 2 years after treatment intensification (TI).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From U.S. Centricity Electronic Medical Records, 276,884 patients with incident type 2 diabetes who intensified metformin were selected. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130/140 mmHg and LDL ≥70/100 mg/dL were defined as uncontrolled for those with/without a history of CV disease at TI. Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL and HbA1c ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol) were defined as uncontrolled. Longitudinal measures over 2 years after TI were used to define risk factor burden.

RESULTS
With 3.7 years’ mean follow-up, patients were 59 years; 70% were obese; 22% had a history of CV disease; 60, 30, 50, and 48% had uncontrolled HbA1c, SBP, LDL, and triglycerides, respectively, at TI; and 81% and 69% were receiving antihypertensive and lipid-modifying therapies, respectively. The proportion of patients with consistently uncontrolled HbA1c increased from 31% in 2005 to 41% in 2014. Among those on lipid-modifying drugs, 41% and 37% had consistently high LDL and triglycerides over 2 years, respectively. Being on antihypertensive therapies, 29% had consistently uncontrolled SBP. Among patients receiving cardioprotective therapies, 63% failed to achieve control in HbA1c + LDL, 57% in HbA1c + SBP, 55% in LDL + SBP, and 63% in HbA1c + triglycerides over 2 years after TI.

CONCLUSIONS
Among patients on multiple therapies for risk factor control, more than one-third had uncontrolled HbA1c, lipid, and SBP levels, and more than one-half had two CV risk factors that were simultaneously uncontrolled after TI.
Kırsal ve Kentsel Bölgelerde Yaşayan Öğrencilerin Okul Başarısındaki Farklılıkları ve Kişilik Özelliklerinin Analizi
Authors: SADİKOVİÇ Emina 
Published: January 2019

Özet : Makalenin ilk bölümünde, araştırmanın konusu olan
değişkenlerin teorik bir bakış açısı verilmiştir. Kentsel ve kırsal topluluklardan
öğrenciler arasında kişilik özellikleri (içe dönük – dışa dönuk, sınav kaygısı ve zeka) ve okul başarıları arasında
istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bağların varlığı incelenmiştir Makalenin ikinci
kısmı, bu çalışmada kullanılan verilerin elde ediliş şeklini açıklamaktadır.
Değişkenler, kişilik özellikleri anketleri ve testi ile ölçülmüştür.
Spielberger'in öğrenci sınav kaygısı anketi, Eysenck'in Çocuklar İçin Kişilik
Anketi ve Raven'ın Renkli Aşamalı
Matrisleri kullanıldı. Okul başarısı, okul bitiminde öğrencilerin ortalama
notlarına göre tespit edildi. Araştırmaya
Novi Pazar (Sırbistan) ilinde öğrenim gören üçüncü ve beşinci
sınıflardan, kırsalda seksen ve kentte seksen öğrenci, toplamda ise 160 öğrenci
çalışmamızda yer almıştır. Kırsal alanlardan öğrencilerin ve kentsel çevredeki
öğrencilerin ortalama okul başarısını karşılaştırarak, farkların istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı olmadığını tespit ettik. Önceki çalışmaların sonuçları ile
tutarlıdır öğrenciler arasında zeka istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu bu
kırsal ve kentsel bölgelerde yaşayan öğrencilerin arasındaki farklar
incelendiğinde sonuçlara dayanarak, belirlenmiştir. Kırsal alanlardan
öğrenciler ile kentsel çevreden gelen öğrenciler arasındaki test kaygısı
derecesi arasındaki farkları incelemek suretiyle istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
fark olduğu bulundu. Şehrin öğrencileri köyden gelen öğrencilere kıyasla daha
belirgin bir sınav kaygısı derecesine sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre,
kırsal alanlardan öğrenciler ve kentsel çevreden gelen öğrenciler arasında
ortalama içe – dönüklük – dışa dönüklük derecesinde istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır.
RESISTÊNCIA CRUZADA ENTRE AGROTÓXICOS E ANTIFÚNGICOS DE USO CLÍNICO CONTRA Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Araújo Ione Cristine da Silva de , Ferreira Rayana Larissa Pinheiro Soares , Macedo Alessandra Teixeira , Santos Joice Castelo Branco , Santos Julliana Alves Ribeiro dos 
Published: January 2019

A exposição ambiental aos fungicidas agrícolas abre caminho para a seleção e multiplicação de fungos resistentes a esses compostos. Contudo, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência cruzada entre agrotóxicos e antifúngicos clínicos contra Cryptococcus neoformans. Foram determinadas a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) para os agrotóxicos epoxiconazol e para o carbendazim, e para os antifúngicos fluconazol e anfotericina B pelo teste de microdiluição antifúngica frente a um isolado clínico de Cryptococcus neoformans, antes e após o contato com os fungicidas agrícolas. O fluconazol foi diluído em água, o Epoxiconazol e o Carbendazim foram diluídos em DMSO na concentração de 1500 µg/mL. A Anfotericina B foi diluída em DMSO na concentração de 1000 µg/mL. As placas foram incubadas a 35ºC por 72 horas e a CIM foi determinada visualmente como 100% de inibição do crescimento. Antes do contato com os agrotóxicos, foram observadas altas concentrações inibitórias mínimas para o carbendazim (64μg/mL), enquanto as CIM da anfotericina B (2 μg/mL), do fluconazol (0,5 μg/mL) e do epoxiconazol (0,25 μg/mL) frente a C. neoformans foram menores. No entanto, após o contato com os agrotóxicos, a CIM para fluconazol aumentou 4 vezes (8 μg/mL) e para a anfotericina B aumentou 3 vezes (16 μg/mL). Os resultados do nosso estudo puderam comprovar que há a possibilidade de resistência cruzada entre fungicidas agrícolas e os principais antifúngicos de uso clínico e pode ser uma das hipóteses da resistência primária que vem sendo observada durante o tratamento da criptococose. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cryptococcus; agrotóxicos; resistência; antifúngicos.