bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda Associated with Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia Treated with Busulfan (Myleran)
Authors: KYLE ROBERT A. , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia terminating in "blast crisis" and marked porphyria is presented. Quantitative porphyrin studies revealed: urinary uroporphyrin 8894 to 11,453 µg./24 hours, urinary coproporphyrin 107-486 µg./24 hours, fecal coproporphyrin 55-116 µg./Gm. dry weight and fecal protoporphyrin 22-38 µg./Gm. dry weight. A review of the clinical aspects of porphyria is briefly presented, together with some speculation as to the etiology of the porphyria in the present case. The possibility is present that the busulfan therapy either initiated the disorder or triggered its development from a previously occult state. If so, this would be another manifestation of busulfan toxicity, of which pigmentation is the most common.
Separation of Lymphocytes, Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes and Monocytes on Glass Columns, Including Tissue Culture Observations
Authors: RABINOWITZ YALE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A procedure was described for the separation of lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and monocytes on Garvin’s glass bead columns. Dextran-sedimented leukocyte suspensions were added to columns and incubated at 37 C. Lymphocytes were eluted with fresh serum. The columns were then washed completely free of erythrocytes, platelets and lymphocytes while PMN leukocytes and monocytes continued to adhere. PMN leukocytes and monocytes were released from the glass with EDTA. Monocytes appeared in the effluents somewhat later than the PMN leukocytes, permitting a separation.
A fresh serum, heat labile, Ca+ +- and Mg+ +-requiring PMN leukocyte and monocyte adherence promoting factor was demonstrated and found to be essential to the procedure.
The viability of column-separated cells was shown by their non-staining with trypan blue, motility, phagocytic ability, oxygen consumption, and survival or development in tissue culture.
In tissue culture, macrophages developed only from monocytes, whereas Nowell’s blast-like, dividing, phytohemagglutinin cells were produced only in cultures containing lymphocytes.
The Morphologic Responses of the Lymphoid System to Homografts
Authors: ANDŔ-SCHWARTZ JANINE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An electron microscope study of the morphologic responses of the rabbit lymph node after skin homografting is described. The results demonstate: (a) the appearance of large, round, ribosome-rich cells—hemocytoblasts— during the first set reaction; (b) a striking proliferation of plasma cells during the second set reaction; (c) the absence of hemocytoblasts in the "6-MP tolerant" animals, and (d) large numbers of two types of unusual cells in the "6-MP resistant" animal. The presence of increased numbers of plasma cells in the second set homograft reaction is in agreement with the findings of circulating antibodies in transplantation immunity and indicates the fundamental unity of the dynamics of the cellular response in various immunological phenomena.
Acid Phosphatase Activity in Auer Bodies
Authors: GOLDBERG ARTHUR F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Employing the Gomori lead salt method (pH 5.0), acid phosphatase activity was demonstrated in Auer bodies. The presence of this enzyme may be considered further evidence of the similarity between leukocyte granules, known to contain acid phosphatase, and this structure. No alkaline phosphatase activity was exhibited in these bodies. The significance of these findings is discussed.
A Variant of Hemoglobin A2 Found in a Negro Family
Authors: LEE RALPH C. , HUISMAN TITUS H. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The discovery of an abnormal minor hemoglobin in four heterozygous members of a Negro family is reported. The abnormality seems to be a variant of Hb-A2 and is probably identical with Hb-Flatbush.
Relative Folate Deficiency of Erythrocytes in Pernicious Anemia and its Correction with Cyanocobalamin
Authors: COOPER BERNARD A. , LOWENSTEIN LOUIS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A relationship has been observed between the serum and erythrocyte folate in normal subjects.
2. Patients with folate deficiency were more readily differentiated from normal subjects by determinations of serum folate activity than by determinations of erythrocyte folate activity.
3. In pernicious anemia in relapse, accumulation of serum folate and/or depletion of erythrocyte folate was observed in all patients, resulting in a disturbance of the normal relationship between the serum and erythrocyte folate activity. This altered relationship was corrected following the reticulocytosis induced by vitamin B12 therapy.
4. Patients receiving amethopterin therapy appear to incorporate the folate antagonist into maturing erythroid cells, since the erythroid cells so formed showed anti-bacterial activity for several weeks following the administration of the antagonist.
5. Preliminary fractionation of folate co-enzymes in erythroid cells of a patient with pernicious anemia before and after therapy revealed no significant difference in the distribution of the co-enzymes induced by therapy. A significant proportion of the folate activity of the erythroid cells was found in a fraction eluted from the DEAE column by sodium hydroxide.
6. The data presented are consistent with a direct effect of vitamin B12 on folate transport into the erythroblast.
Granulocytopoiesis. II. Emergence and Pattern of Labeling of Neutrophilic Granulocytes in Humans
Authors: FLIEDNER T. M. , CRONKITE E. P. , KILLMANN S. Å. , BOND V. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Following administration of H3-thymidine to 15 patients with a variety of hemopoietic conditions, the emergence and the pattern of labeling of neutrophilic granulocytes were studied in peripheral blood leukocytic concentrates. The hematologic diagnosis included five in which the hemopoiesis appeared to be in a steady state equilibrium at the time of study, three with various types of leukemia, one with lymphosarcoma, two with multiple myeloma, one with myelofibrosis, two with pernicious anemia (once before and once after therapy) and two with bacterial infections.
2. The emergence time of neutrophilic segmented granulocytes (time from H3-thymidine injection to the first appearance of labeled segmented forms in the peripheral blood) was found to vary in steady state equilibrium from 96 to 144 hours. It was shortened to 48 hours in two instances with bacterial infection. This was interpreted as indicating a faster than normal nuclear maturation with normal or delayed cytoplasmic maturation (dissociation in nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation).
3. The number of segments of neutrophilic granulocytes was found to be unrelated to cell age as had been hypothesized by Arneth many years ago. However, bandforms were found in the circulation about 24 hours earlier than segmented forms, suggesting that they are younger and that some are acceptable to the blood while others continue to mature to segmented forms. Pelgeroid cells with round or bilobed nuclei found in one case of subleukemic myelocytic leukemia were found to emerge simultaneously 132 hours after H3-thymidine injection. This suggests that both types are identical in their degree of maturation. Thus the cells with round nuclei are not band forms but result possibly from a delayed nuclear maturation.
4. In patients studied for at least 2 weeks, characteristic undulations of the labeling indices of the segmented granulocytes were found. If the sampling intervals were 24 hours, peaks were found 6 days apart, the second peak being about half of the labeling index of the first. If the sample interval was shorter, a finer structure was observed with undulations showing peak intervals of 2-3 days. Although the significance is obscure at present, the constancy of the findings suggest that there may be a constant input of cells with the index of labeling varying due to some synchrony of the precursor population(s). Alternative explanations are discussed.
Pathogenesis of Fibrinolysis in Defibrination Syndrome: Effect of Heparin Administration
Authors: MERSKEY CLARENCE , JOHNSON ALAN J. , PERT JAMES H. , WOHL HERBERT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Spontaneous local fibrinolysis occurred with, and was probably a consequence of thrombosis, with defibrination in vivo.
2. The efficacy of heparin in the prevention of defibrination was clearly demonstrated; warfarin therapy seemed to be ineffective.
3. The efficacy of heparin in the prevention of the associated fibrinolysis was clearly inferred.
4. Serum immunoelectrophoresis against anti-fibrinogen sera demonstrated abnormal precipitin bands, during defibrination and fibrinolysis, which disappeared during heparin administration.
5. The serum bands showed immunologic identity with in vitro plasmin digests of fibrinogen and the intensity and position of these precipitin bands appeared to depend on the amount of fibrinogen and the duration of the in vivo digestion period.
6. In this hypofibrinogenemic state, defibrination was indicated by markedly reduced levels of anti-hemophilic factor and Factor V and a fall in blood platelets. The presence of fibrinolysis was shown by the lowered levels of plasminogen, streptokinase and urokinase inhibitors, prolonged thrombin clotting times and fibrinolytic breakdown products in the serum even though little or no lysis occurred on fibrin plates and the euglobulin lysis times were within normal limits.
7. The administration of fibrinolytic inhibitors is strongly contraindicated under these circumstances.
Central Nervous System Involvement by Leukemia in Children. I. Relationship to Systemic Leukemia and Description of Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations
Authors: HYMAN CAROL B. , BOGLE JAMES M. , BRUBAKER CHARLES A. , WILLIAMS KENNETH , HAMMOND DENMAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Observations on the course of 59 children who experienced 109 distinct episodes of CNS involvement by leukemia showed that:
1. This complication may be associated with all types of acute and subacute leukemia.
2. There is no single or combination of diagnostic criteria. Manifestations of increased CSF pressure, such as vomiting, headache, and papilledema are the most frequent clinical findings. However, it should be emphasized that CNS involvement may be associated with normal CSF findings.
3. CNS involvement may be present at the onset of leukemia or can occur at any time during the course.
4. Approximately 26 per cent of children with leukemia develop CNS involvement.
5. CNS involvement may occur when the disease is under apparently good therapeutic control as well as during relapse.
6. There is no relationship between the agents which had been previously used to treat the systemic disease and the later development of CNS involvement. However, the onset of CNS symptoms was less frequent when the systemic disease was under treatment with steroids.
7. The development of CNS involvement does not appear to shorten the survival time of patients with leukemia when treatment for CNS involvement is given.
Brief Report: Absorption Spectra of Inclusion Bodies in β-Thalassemia
Authors: FESSAS PHAEDON , LOUKOPOULOS DIMITRIS , THORELL BO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The spectroscopic properties of isolated or single erythroblastic and erythrocytic inclusions of homozygous β-thalassemia prove that these structures contain a hemoglobin-like component.
The Platelet-Fibrin Relationship in Human Blood Clots: An Ultrastructural Study Utilizing Ferritin-Conjugated Anti-Human Fibrinogen Antibody
Authors: White James G. , Krivit William , Vernier Robert L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An ultrastructural study of clots formed in recalcified platelet-rich, human plasma has revealed an intimate platelet-fibrin association. A number of the dense platelet granules, the alpha granules, formed an osmophilic mass in the center of platelets undergoing viscous metamorphosis. Fibrin strands appeared to be connected to the altered alpha granulomere of these platelets.
The observed association between fibrin strands and platelets in the clot was supported by experiments with an electron dense stain for fibrinogen. Clots formed from platelet-rich plasma preincubated with fer-A.F. antibody contained altered platelets with an intracellular distribution of the ferritin conjugated antibody. Connections between intracellular fer-A.F. antibody and fibrin strands periodically banded by the ferritin stain were observed.
These observations indicate that the altered platelet granulomere attached to fibrin strands may play a role in clot retraction.
A Simple Rapid Method for Estimating Serum Plasmin Activity with Fibrin-Coated Latex Particles
Authors: Ferreira Humberto Costa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new method is described for rapid determination of plasmin in serum. This method entails the production of clumps of latex particles held together by fine strands of artificially polymerized fibrin followed by the estimation of plasma turbidity as these particles are released from the aggregates by plasmin activity. The advantages and possible objections to this method are discussed.
Endocrine Relationships of Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase
Authors: ROSNER FRED , LEE STANLEY L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity has been noted to be different in men and women. The mean leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity for 74 normal men, aged 19 to 60 years, was 23 mg. of phosphorus per 1010 polvmorphonuclear leukocytes per hour. The corresponding mean value for 75 normal young women, age 19-48 years, was 35 (p < .001). No significant differences between boys and girls occurred until the time of puberty. After the menopause, the values for women approached the values for men. Women treated with androgens had lower leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity than did control women. These results suggest that androgenic hormones inhibit this enzyme, and that other, as yet undefined endocrine influences, also affect its level of activity.
In vitro tests with various concentrations of androgens and estrogens failed to provide conclusive evidence of direct effect on leukocytes although some degree of direct inhibition by androgens was suggested. Studies using saponin to effect enzyme release from leukocyte granules did not demonstrate whether the differences between men and women are differences of enzyme release or of content of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase.
Brief Report: Commentary on Hemosiderin
Authors: RICHTER G. W. , BESSIS M. C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In conclusion we should like to emphasize that the classical hemosiderin of the histologist is not a single or unique substance.8 The constitution of this material is quite variable. Removal of hemosiderin granules from cells for chemical analysis demands careful control based on morphologic criteria and is, in any case, not a substitute, but a concomitant of examination in situ in cells. One should bear in mind that in its natural state hemosiderin occurs in living tissues, not as a test tube isolate, or as a thin section.
The Amino Acid Composition of Hemoglobin. V. The Preparation of Purified Hemoglobin Fractions by Chromatography on Cellulose Exchangers and Their Identification by Starch Gel Electrophoresis Using Tris-Borate-EDTA Buffer
Authors: CHERNOFF AMOZ I. , PETTIT NELSON , NORTHROP JO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The chromatographic separation of hemoglobin on two cellulose exchangers, CMC and DEAE, is discussed. Problems related to the use of these technics are described. In addition, our experience with the use of Tris-Borate-EDTA buffer (Smithies) for hemoglobin electrophoresis in starch gel is presented.
Responsiveness of Hematopoietic Tissue to Erythropoietin in Relation to the Time of Administration and Duration of Action of the Hormone
Authors: SCHOOLEY JOHN C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Following the injection of erythropoietin either in a single large dose or in multiple doses, a change in the responsiveness of the hematopoietic tissue occurs. The fact that different doses of erythropoietin stimulate erythropoiesis to the same extent when the action of the hormone is limited to 6 hours by the injection of antibody suggests that the stem cells are receptive to the action of erythropoietin only at some limited time in their individual life cycle. It is suggested that this period is sometime after metaphase and before the commencement of DNA synthesis in the interphase state of individual stem cells. It is further suggested that the increased responsiveness of the hematopoietic tissue to erythropoietin following injection is due to recruitment of stem cells into this receptive state. This recruitment may be due to both the division of stem cells and the movement of cells through cell cycle into the receptive state. The results are discussed in relation to two recent models of stem cell kinetics.
RNA Metabolism in Lymphocytes Stimulated by Phytohemagglutinin: Initial Responses to Phytohemagglutinin
Authors: COOPER HERBERT L. , RUBIN ARNOLD D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The initial changes in lymphocyte RNA metabolism produced by treatment with phytohemogglutinin (PHA) are described. The earliest change was a decrease in total RNA (i-RNA), detectable after 30 minutes of exposure to PHA. This loss could not be localized to any of the major types of cellular RNA. After 1 hour, accelerated synthesis of RNA, shown by incorporation of u-H3, was detected, and a progressive increase in rate of synthesis continued for 24 hours.
The significance of the early loss of RNA as related to the onset of lymphocyte growth is discussed.
Quantitative Serologic and Isotopic Studies on the Rho Variant—Du
Authors: MASOUREDIS S. P. , STURGEON P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Type Du cells take up less than 10 per cent of the I-131 anti-D bound to D positive cells, so that the quantity of cell bound I-131 did not differ significantly from that bound nonspecifically to D negative cells.
2. Papain modification of Du cells results in an almost threefold increase in the uptake of I-131 anti-D, whereas, D negative cells show no consistent increase after such treatment. Enzyme modification, therefore, serves to clearly delineate the two cell types.
3. The range of uptake of I-131 anti-D to enzyme treated Du cells is from approximately 7 to 17 per cent of that by R1R2 cells. Most of these results were obtained from studies on Mendelian Du types. Studies on several bloods from members of a family having Rh genotypes typical of the "gene interaction" Du configuration (C in transposition to D) revealed no significant reduction in I-131 anti-D uptake when compared with D positive cells.
4. Decreased antibody binding to Du cells was confirmed by the serologic methods used. Absorption of an anti-D serum and antiglobulin inhibition with sensitized Du cells indicated that the quantity of D antigen was less than that observed with the isotopic technic. Elution studies did not show as marked a reduction of D antigen on the Du cell as the other serologic technics indicated. Possible reasons for these differences have been discussed.
5. Although, from both the serologic and isotopic studies, the data indicate that the type Du red cell is quantitatively deficient in D antigen, they are inadequate to rule out other explanations for their reduced D antigen activity. Irrespective of the mechanism(s) responsible, the effective binding of anti-D by Du cells is reduced several fold; this would appear to be the primary cause of the weak second stage of red cell antigen-antibody reaction which characterizes type Du blood.
Alterations of Erythrocyte Lactate Dehydrogenase in Man
Authors: STARKWEATHER W. H. , COUSINEAU L. , SCHOCH H. K. , ZARAFONETIS C. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Erythrocyte preparations from normal men and women contain 5 isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase in constant proportions. LDH-5 is found exclusively in younger cells, and LDH-1 is the predominant fraction of aged erythrocytes. The apparent increase of LDH-1 in aged cells represents loss of activity of isoenzymes containing labile M subunits and not synthesis of H subunits.
When erythrocyte isoenzymes from patients with hematologic disease are assayed, increases in LDH-5 indicate active or hyperactive erythroid tissue, and absence of this fraction suggests nonfunctioning tissue. An increase in the relative percentage of LDH-1 suggests the presence of an older cell population. Thus the analysis of erythrocyte LDH isoenzymes appears to have clinical value in rapidly assessing erythropoietic activity.
Increased Hemolysis after Intramuscular Iron Administration in Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: MENGEL CHARLES E. , KANN HERBERT E. , O’MALLEY BERT W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four patients with PNH were described who developed accelerated activity of their disease after the intramuscular administration of iron-dextran for treatment of iron deficiency. This was considered to reflect a unique effect of iron on PNH erythrocytes. It was postulated that this effect resulted from cell damage caused by iron catalyzed peroxidation of erythrocyte lipids, a reaction to which PNH erythrocytes could be unusually susceptible by virtue of an increased content of unsaturated fatty acids or pro-oxidants or decreased content of antioxidants.
Failure of Thymectomy to Alter the Subsequent Course of Human Acute Leukemia in Drug-Induced Remission
Authors: JIJI ROUBEN M. , SACKS MILTON S. , LINBERG EUGENE J. , SPURLING CARROLL L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thymectomy was performed during the period of drug-induced remission of acute leukemia in 3 patients aged 16, 4, and 3 years. One case was characterized as acute erythromyeloid and 2 as acute lymphocytic leukemia. In each instance thymectomy apparently failed to influence the subsequent course of the disease. From these limited data, it does not appear that further experience with this procedure is warranted at the present time.
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia Complicated by Ulcerative Colitis: Elevated Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase and Possible Modifier Gene Deletion
Authors: ROSEN ROBERT B. , TEPLITZ RAYMOND L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A boy with Ph1-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia and coincidental active ulcerative colitis presented with high leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) scores. Recession of the inflammatory process was accompanied by a marked fall of enzyme activity to expected levels for chronic granulocytic leukemia.
The extreme variations of LAP under these and related circumstances appear inconsistent with a simple gene-dose hypothesis as applied to the partial deletion of chromosome 21.
A system of control based on studies of bacterial enzyme synthesis and involving sequential repression by a pair of regulatory genes on chromosome 21 is proposed. Loss of a regulator (modifier) rather than the structural gene for LAP is offered as being in closer accord with the known behavior of this enzyme in chronic granulocytic leukemia.
Correlation of S Hemoglobin with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Its Significance
Authors: LEWIS ROGER A. , HATHORN MICHAEL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hemoglobin electrophoresis and methemoglobin reduction tests have been carried out on 438 individuals with various hemoglobin patterns. The incidence of the enzyme defect rises stepwise from AA pattern through AS, Sth and SC to SS being greatest in the latter. From the data presented it is not possible to decide what factors have produced this selection.