bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability and feasibility of wearing activity monitors in community‐dwelling older adults with dementia
Authors: Farina Nicolas , Sherlock Gina , Thomas Serena , Lowry Ruth G. , Banerjee Sube 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesMeasuring physical activity is complicated particularly in people with dementia, where activity levels are low and subjective measures are susceptible to inaccurate recall. Activity monitors are increasingly being used within research; however, it is unclear how people with dementia view wearing such devices and what aspects of the device effect wear time. The aim of the study was to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of people with dementia wearing activity monitors.MethodsTwenty‐six, community‐dwelling, people with mild dementia were asked to wear an activity monitor (GENEactiv Original) over a 1‐month period. Perceptions of the device were measured using the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST) 2.0, alongside qualitative interviews. Device diary and activity monitor data were used to assess compliance.ResultsParticipants tended to find wearing the activity monitors acceptable, with only three participants (12%) withdrawing prior to the study end date. Participants were generally satisfied with wearing the devices as measured by the QUEST (Mdn = 4.4, IQR = 1.1). Four themes were identified that influenced perceptions of wearing the device: external influences, design, routine, and perceived benefits.DiscussionAsking people with dementia to wear a wrist‐worn activity monitor for prolonged periods appears to be both feasible and acceptable. Researchers need to consider the needs and preferences of the sample population prior to selecting activity monitors.
Estimating landslides vulnerability in Rwanda using analytic hierarchy process and geographic information system
Authors: Nahayo Lamek , Ndayisaba Felix , Karamage Fidele , Nsengiyumva Jean Baptiste , Kalisa Egide , Mind'je Richard , Mupenzi Christophe , Li Lanhai 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Landslides are among hazards that undermine the social, economic, and environmental well-being of the vulnerable community. Assessment of landslides vulnerability reveals the damages that could be recorded, estimates the severity of the impact, and increases the preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation as well. This study aims to estimate landslides vulnerability for the western province of Rwanda. Field survey and secondary data sources identified 96 landslides used to prepare a landslides inventory map. Ten factors—altitude, slope angles, normalized difference vegetation index (NVDI), land use, distance to roads, soil texture, rainfall, lithology, population density, and possession rate of communication tools—were analyzed. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model was used to weight and rank the vulnerability conditioning factors. Then the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) in geographic information system (GIS) spatially estimated landslides vulnerability over the study area. The results indicated the altitude (19.7%), slope angles (16.1%), soil texture (14.3%), lithology (13.5%), and rainfall (12.2%) as the major vulnerability conditioning parameters. The produced landslides vulnerability map is divided into 5 classes: very low, low, moderate, high and very high. The proposed method is validated by using the relative landslides density index (R-index) method, which revealed that 35.4%, 25%, and 23.9% of past landslides are observed within moderate, high, and very high vulnerability zones, respectively. The consistency of validation indicates good performance of the methodology used and the vulnerability map prepared. The results can be used by policy makers to recognize hazard vulnerability lessening and future planning needs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:000–000. © 2019 SETAC
Two‐dimensional fetal biometry versus three‐dimensional fractional thigh volume for ultrasonographic prediction of birthweight
Authors: Sharma K. Aparna , Das Dipti , Dadhwal Vatsla , Deka Dipika , Singhal Seema , Vanamail Perumal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate birthweight prediction models using fetal fractional thigh volume (TVol) in an Indian population, comparing them with existing prediction models developed for other ethnicities.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted among 131 pregnant women (>36 weeks) attending a tertiary hospital in New Delhi, India, for prenatal care between December 1, 2014, and November 1, 2016. Participants were randomly divided into formulating (n=100) and validation (n=31) groups. Multiple regression analysis was performed to generate four models to predict birthweight using various combinations of two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasonographic parameters and a three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonographic parameter (TVol). The best fit model was compared with previously published 2D and 3D models.ResultsThe best fit model comprised biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and TVol. This model had the lowest mean percentage error (0.624 ± 8.075) and the highest coefficient of determination (R2=0.660). It correctly predicted 70.2% and 91.6% of birthweights within 5% and 10% of actual weight, respectively. Compared with previous models, attributability for the 2D and 3D models was 0.65 and 0.55, respectively. Accuracy was −0.05 ± 1.007 and −2.54 ± 1.11, respectively.ConclusionModels that included TVol provided good prediction of birthweight in the target population.
The cost‐effectiveness of implementing HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in El Salvador
Authors: Campos Nicole G. , Maza Mauricio , Alfaro Karla , Gage Julia C. , Castle Philip E. , Felix Juan C. , Masch Rachel , Cremer Miriam , Kim Jane J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of HPV‐based screening and management algorithms for HPV‐positive women in phase 2 of the Cervical Cancer Prevention in El Salvador (CAPE) demonstration, relative to the status quo of Pap‐based screening.MethodsData from phase 2 of the CAPE demonstration (n=8000 women) were used to inform a mathematical model of HPV infection and cervical cancer. The model was used to project the lifetime health and economic outcomes of HPV testing every 5 years (age 30–65 years), with referral to colposcopy for HPV‐positive women; HPV testing every 5 years (age 30–65 years), with immediate cryotherapy for eligible HPV‐positive women; and Pap testing every 2 years (age 20–65 years), with referral to colposcopy for Pap‐positive women.ResultsDespite slight decreases in the proportion of HPV‐positive women who received treatment relative to phase 1, the health impact of screening in phase 2 remained stable, reducing cancer risk by 58.5%. As in phase 1, HPV testing followed by cryotherapy for eligible HPV‐positive women remained the least costly and most effective strategy (US$490 per year of life saved).ConclusionHPV‐based screening followed by immediate cryotherapy in all eligible women would be very cost‐effective in El Salvador.
Immunohistochemistry of γ‐H2AX as a method of early detection of urinary bladder carcinogenicity in mice
Authors: Sone Mizuki , Toyoda Takeshi , Cho Young‐Man , Akagi Jun‐ichi , Matsushita Kohei , Mizuta Yasuko , Morikawa Tomomi , Nishikawa Akiyoshi , Ogawa Kumiko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhosphorylated histone H2AX (γ‐H2AX) has been demonstrated as a DNA damage marker both in vitro and in vivo. We previously reported the effects of genotoxic carcinogens in the urinary bladder of rats by immunohistochemical analysis of γ‐H2AX using samples from 28‐day repeated‐dose tests. To evaluate the application of γ‐H2AX as a biomarker of carcinogenicity in the bladder, we examined species differences in γ‐H2AX formation in the urinary bladder of mice. Six‐week‐old male B6C3F1 mice were treated orally with 12 chemicals for 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, p‐cresidine and 2‐acetylaminofluorene (2‐AAF), classified as genotoxic bladder carcinogens, induced significant increases in γ‐H2AX levels in the bladder urothelium. In contrast, genotoxic (2‐nitroanisole, glycidol, N‐nitrosodiethylamine and acrylamide) and non‐genotoxic (dimethylarsinic acid and melamine) non‐bladder carcinogens did not upregulate γ‐H2AX. Importantly, 2‐nitroanisole, a potent genotoxic bladder carcinogen in rats, significantly increased the proportion of γ‐H2AX‐positive cells in rats only, reflecting differences in carcinogenicity in the urinary bladder between rats and mice. Significant upregulation of γ‐H2AX was also induced by uracil, a non‐genotoxic bladder carcinogen that may be associated with cell proliferation, as demonstrated by increased Ki67 expression. 2‐AAF caused γ‐H2AX formation mainly in the superficial layer, together with reduced and disorganized expression of uroplakin III, unlike in rats, suggesting the mouse‐specific cytotoxicity of 2‐AAF in umbrella cells. These results suggest γ‐H2AX is a useful biomarker reflecting species differences in carcinogenicity in the urinary bladder.
Genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles with/without coating in human liver HepG2 cells and in mice
Authors: Wang Xiujuan , Li Tingzhu , Su Xuerong , Li Jiangyan , Li Wenhua , Gan Junying , Wu Tianshu , Kong Lu , Zhang Ting , Tang Meng , Xue Yuying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWith the rapid expansion of human exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), the genotoxicity screening is critical to the biosafety evaluation of nanosilver. This study assessed DNA damage and chromosomal aberration in the human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) as well as the effects on the micronucleus of bone marrow in mice induced by 20 nm polyvinylpyrrolidone‐coated nanosilver (PVP‐AgNPs) and 20 nm bare nanosilver (AgNPs). Our results showed that the two types of AgNPs, in doses of 20‐160 μg/mL, could cause genetic toxicological changes on HepG2 cells. The DNA damage degree of HepG2 cells in 20 nm AgNPs was higher than that in 20 nm PVP‐AgNPs, while the 20 nm PVP‐AgNPs caused more serious chromosomal aberration than 20 nm AgNPs. Both kinds of AgNPs caused genetic toxicity in a dose‐dependent manner in HepG2 cells. In the micronucleus test on mouse bone marrow cells, in doses of 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg body weight administered orally for 28 days once a day, the two kinds of AgNPs have no obvious inhibitory effect on the mouse bone marrow cells, and the effect of chromosome aberration could be documented at the high dose of 250 mg/kg. These results suggest that AgNPs have genotoxic effects in HepG2 cells and limited effects on bone marrow in mice; both in vitro and in vivo tests could be of great importance on the evaluation of genotoxicity of nanosilver. These findings can provide useful toxicological information that can help to assess genetic toxicity of nanosilver in vitro and in vivo.
Myopenia is associated with joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lin Jian‐Zi , Liang Jin‐Jian , Ma Jian‐Da , Li Qian‐Hua , Mo Ying‐Qian , Cheng Wan‐Mei , He Xiao‐Ling , Li Nan , Cao Ming‐Hui , Xu Dan , Dai Lie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe link between body mass index (BMI) and disease characteristics in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains controversial. Body composition (BC) has been more frequently recommended to be used instead of BMI for more accurate assessment. Our study aimed to investigate the characteristics of BC in RA patients and their associations with disease characteristics.MethodsBody composition was assessed in consecutive Chinese RA patients and control subjects by bioelectric impedance analysis. Overfat was defined by body fat percentage (BF%) as ≥25% for men and ≥35% for women. Myopenia was defined by appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) ≤7.0 kg/m2 in men and ≤5.7 kg/m2 in women. BMI and clinical data including disease activity, function, and radiographic assessment were collected. Active disease was defined by disease activity score in 28 joints with four variables including C‐reactive protein (DAS28‐CRP) ≥2.6. Functional limitation was defined as Stanford health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ‐DI) >1. Radiographic joint damage (RJD) was defined as the Sharp/van der Heijde modified sharp score (mTSS) >10.ResultsThere were 457 RA patients (mean age 49.5 ± 13.1 years old with 82.7% women) and 1860 control subjects (mean age 34.3 ± 9.9 years old with 51.2% women) recruited. Comparisons of BMI and BC between RA patients and control subjects in age and gender stratification showed that lower BMI with 17.7% underweight and lower ASMI with 45.1% myopenia are the main characteristics in RA patients. Compared with those without myopenia, RA patients with myopenia had significantly higher DAS28‐CRP (median 3.5 vs. 3.0), higher HAQ‐DI (median 0.38 vs. 0.13) with higher rate of functional limitation (24.8% vs. 7.6%), and higher mTSS (median 22.3 vs. 9.0) with more RJD (71.8% vs. 45.8%) (all P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed myopenia were positively associated with functional limitation (OR = 2.546, 95% CI: 1.043–6.217) and RJD (OR = 2.660, 95% CI: 1.443–4.904). All RA patients were divided into four BC subgroups according to overfat and myopenia. Those with both overfat and myopenia had the worst disease characteristics. After adjustment for confounding factors, significant additive interactions were observed between overfat and myopenia in active disease (AP = 0.528, 95% CI: 0.086–0.971), functional limitation (AP = 0.647, 95% CI: 0.356–0.937), and RJD (AP = 0.514, 95% CI: 0.139–0.890).ConclusionsMyopenia is very common in RA patients that is associated with functional limitation and joint damage in RA. Further research on the underlying mechanism and the effect of skeletal muscle mass improvement in RA management are worth exploring in the future.
Low Back Pain in Adults With Transfemoral Amputation: A Retrospective Population‐Based Study
Authors: Luetmer Marianne , Mundell Benjamin , Kremers Hilal Maradit , Visscher Sue , Hoppe Kurtis M. , Kaufman Kenton R. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is common among individuals with transfemoral amputation (TFA) and has a negative impact on quality of life. Little is known about health care utilization for LBP in this population and whether utilization varies by amputation etiology.ObjectiveTo determine if individuals with TFA have an increased likelihood of seeking care or reporting symptoms of acute or chronic LBP during physician visits after amputation compared with matched individuals without amputation.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingOlmsted County, Minnesota (2010 population: 144 248).ParticipantsAll individuals with incident TFA (N = 96), knee disarticulation, and transfemoral amputation residing in Olmsted County between 1987 and 2014. Each was matched (1:10 ratio) with non‐TFA adults on age, sex, and duration of residency. Individuals were divided by etiology of amputation: dysvascular and trauma/cancer.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasurementsDeath and presentation for evaluation of LBP (LBP event) while residing in Olmsted County. LBP events were identified using validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) codes and corresponding Berkson, Hospital International Classification of Diseases Adapted (HICDA), and ICD‐10 diagnostic codes. Hurdle and competing‐risk Cox proportional hazard models were used.ResultsHaving a TFA of either etiology did appear to correlate with increased frequency of LBP events, although this association was only statistically significant within the dysvascular TFA cohort (dysvascular TFA cohort: relative risk [RR] 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07‐3.03, median follow‐up 0.78 years; trauma/cancer TFA cohort: RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.58‐2.22, median follow‐up 7.95 years). In time to event analysis, dysvascular TFA had an increased risk of death and event. Obesity did not significantly correlate with increased frequency of LBP events or time to event for either cohort. At any given point in time, individuals with TFA of either etiology who had phantom limb pain were 90% more likely to have an LBP event (hazard ratio [HR] 1.91, 95% CI 1.11‐3.31). Conditional on not dying and no LBP event within the first 2.5 years, individuals with prosthesis had a decreased risk of LBP events in subsequent years.ConclusionsRisk of LBP events appears to vary by TFA etiology. Obesity did not correlate significantly with increased frequency of LBP event or time to event. Phantom limb pain correlated with decreased time to LBP event after amputation. The association between prosthesis receipt and LBP events is ambiguous.Level of EvidenceIII.
Fear of cancer recurrence in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Yang Yuan , Li Wen , Wen Yunhong , Wang Hongmei , Sun Hengwen , Liang Weijiang , Zhang Bin , Humphris Gerry 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe current systematic review aims to provide an overview of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors (15‐39 years at cancer diagnosis, AYAs).MethodsMEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase databases were independently searched to identify relevant quantitative articles. PRISMA systematic review procedures were followed with quality assessment.ResultsSeventeen studies were included in the current review. All were quantitative studies that utilized a cross‐sectional study design. Seven articles reported results of FCR prevalence, six studied determinants related to FCR, and 11 articles provided information about consequences of FCR. Prevalence of FCR ranged from 31% to 85.2% among AYA survivors. Associations between sociodemographic/clinical variables and FCR were inconsistent. Psychological distress and higher treatment intensity were positively associated with higher FCR levels. Lower scores on levels of physical, psychological functioning, and overall health‐related quality of life (QoL) were identified as consequences of increased FCR.ConclusionFCR appears to be a prevalent concern among adolescent and young adult cancer populations. Adequate assessment to determine need for support and intervention is still required. Longitudinal studies in AYAs are warranted to understand the development and potential influence of FCR. Age‐appropriate and flexible psychological care would be more successful potentially with this crucial background information.
Use of antidepressants after colon cancer diagnosis and risk of recurrence
Authors: Pocobelli Gaia , Yu Onchee , Ziebell Rebecca A. , Aiello Bowles Erin J. , Fujii Monica M. , Sterrett Andrew T. , Boggs Jennifer M. , Chen Lu , Boudreau Denise M. , Ritzwoller Debra P. , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Chubak Jessica 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivePrior research examining the association between use of antidepressants after colon cancer diagnosis and risk of recurrence is scant. We evaluated this association among colon cancer patients diagnosed at two integrated health care delivery systems in the United States.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of stage I to IIIA colon cancer patients diagnosed at greater than or equal to 18 years of age at Kaiser Permanente Colorado and Kaiser Permanente Washington during 1995 to 2014. We used pharmacy records to identify dispensings for antidepressants and tumor registry records and patients' medical charts to identify cancer recurrences. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of colon cancer recurrence comparing patients who used antidepressants after diagnosis to those who did not. We also evaluated the risk associated with use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) separately.ResultsAmong the 1923 eligible colon cancer patients, 807 (42%) used an antidepressant after diagnosis and 139 had a colon cancer recurrence during an average 5.6 years of follow‐up. Use of antidepressants after colon cancer diagnosis was not associated with risk of recurrence (HR: 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69‐1.87). The HR for use of SSRIs was 1.22 (95% CI, 0.64‐2.30), and for TCAs, it was 1.18 (95% CI, 0.68‐2.07).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that use of antidepressants after colon cancer diagnosis was common and not associated with risk of recurrence. Future larger studies with greater power to examine risk associated with individual antidepressants would be valuable additions to the evidence base.
Implementation of Proteomics in Clinical Trials
Authors: He Tianlin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe application of protein (or peptide) biomarkers in clinical studies is a dynamic, ever‐growing field. The introduction of clinical proteomics/peptidomics, such as mass spectrometry–based assays and multiplexed antibody–based protein arrays, has reshaped the landscape of biomarker identification and validation, allowing the discovery of novel biomarkers at an unprecedented rate and reliability. To reflect the current status with respect to implementation of protein/peptide biomarkers, an investigation of the most recent (last 6 years) clinical studies from clinicaltrials.gov is presented. Forty‐two clinical trials involving the direct use of protein or peptide biomarkers in patient stratification and/or disease diagnosis and prognosis are highlighted. Most of the clinical trials that include proteomics/protein assays are aiming toward implementation of non‐invasive diagnostic tools for early detection, while many of the clinical trials are targeting to correlate the protein abundance with the risk of a disease event. Less in number are the studies in which the protein biomarkers are applied to stratify the patients for intervention. All the above areas of application are considered of great importance for improving disease management, in an era where implementation toward precision medicine is the desired outcome of proteomics biomarker research.
The Motion of an Azobenzene Light‐Controlled Switch: A Joint Theoretical and Experimental Approach
Authors: Godde Bérangère , Jouaiti Abdelaziz , Mauro Matteo , Marquardt Roberto , Chaumont Alain , Robert Vincent 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo gain further insight into the internal motion of molecular objects, we have synthesized a molecular turnstile AzoT composed of a rotor based on flexible tetraethyleneglycol (TEG) chains grafted on aromatic moieties and a stator containing a photoswitchable azobenzene (Azo) fragment. The control of the reversible light‐induced E‐AzoT⇆Z‐AzoT isomerization is supported by both NMR spectroscopy and photophysical investigation, which show that the system exhibits a fatigueless isomerization switching process. Furthermore, 2D NMR spectroscopy points to the fact that the free internal motion is triggered by the E‐AzoT⇆Z‐AzoT isomerization. Using molecular dynamics simulations and DFT calculations we have investigated the nature of the internal motions. An internal rotation characterized by an energy barrier of 23 kJ/mol is found for the Z‐AzoT isomer. In contrast, this barrier reaches 151 kJ/mol for the E‐AzoT isomer, excluding any “classical” rotation at room temperature. This rotational movement could in principle occur via tunneling. A simple model calculation, however, excludes tunnelling to take place before 20 ms.