bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing costs in primary immunodeficiency: minimal immunophenotyping and three national references
Authors: Dias Ana Luisa Abrahão , da Silva Raquel Gomes , Cunha Fernanda Gonçalves Pereira , Morcillo André Moreno , Lorand‐Metze Irene , Vilela Maria Marluce dos Santos , Riccetto Adriana Gut Lopes 
Published: March 2019

Our aim was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of a minimal lymphocyte subset quantification (LSQ) by flow cytometry as the first screening in children with clinically suspected primary immunodeficiency (PID). Two hundred sixty‐eight Brazilian patients (0–21 years old) were studied. They were divided by clinical and phenotypical features into those fulfilling criteria for PID (PID phenotype) according to the 2017 International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) classification and those not fulfilling these criteria (non‐PID phenotype). We evaluated how many patients had values below the 10th percentile for five lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, (suggestive of PID) according to reference values for Brazil, Italy and USA. Three lymphocyte subsets (T CD3/CD4, B CD19 and NK CD16/CD56) had p‐value < 0.05 and Odds Ratio (OR) indicating a risk at least two times higher for the diagnosis of a PID phenotype. The application of Kappa coefficient (k) on Brazilian vs Italian and Brazilian vs US data sets resulted in k compatible with strong or excellent level of agreement between the three classification systems. The authors conclude that a number of CD3+/CD4+, CD19+ and CD16+/CD56+ (NK) cells in peripheral blood <10th percentile represented a significant risk for the diagnosis of PID in this cohort. Natural killer (NK) deficiency is quite rare and has a very specific clinical profile. So, the analysis of these cells could be requested only in some cases, saving even more costs. The minimal immunophenotyping, with quantification of T CD4+, CD19+ and in some cases CD16+/CD56+ cells, may be a useful tool for the first screening of PID, saving costs, especially in developing countries.
A Person‐Centred Perspective on Social Support in the Workplace
Authors: Caesens Gaëtane , Gillet Nicolas , Morin Alexandre J.S. , Houle Simon A. , Stinglhamber Florence 
Published: March 2019

This research seeks to identify employees’ profiles characterised by distinct perceptions of three sources of social support at work (i.e., organisation, supervisor, and colleagues), and the extent to which these profiles generalise across two samples of workers (N = 185 and 387). This research also investigates the associations between the profiles and a series of outcomes. Latent profile analysis revealed five identical profiles in both samples: (1) moderately supported; (2) isolated; (3) supervisor supported; (4) weakly supported; and (5) highly supported. The most desirable outcomes (job satisfaction, performance, and affective commitment) were associated with Profile 5 (highly supported), while the highest levels of emotional exhaustion were observed in Profile 2 (isolated).
Relevance of CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 genotypes to methadone pharmacokinetics and response in the OPAL study
Authors: Victorri‐Vigneau Caroline , Verstuyft Céline , Bouquié Régis , Laforgue Edouard‐Jules , Hardouin Jean‐Benoit , Leboucher Juliette , Le Geay Bertrand , Dano Corine , Challet‐Bouju Gaëlle , Grall‐Bronnec Marie 
Published: March 2019

AimsOur study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6‐G516T and CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment.MethodsOpioid PhArmacoLogy (OPAL) was a clinical survey of the sociodemographic characteristics, history and consequences of pathology associated with methadone maintenance treatment response and current addictive comorbidities. A subgroup of 72 methadone patients was genotyped.ResultsWhen comparing the three CYP2B6 genotype groups, the methadone (R)‐ and (S)‐methadone enantiomer concentrations/doses (concentrations relative to doses) were different (P = .029, P = .0019). The CYP2D6 phenotypes did not seem to be relevant with regard to methadone levels. On multivariate analysis, neither the CYP2B6 genotype nor the CYP2D6 phenotype explained the (R)‐methadone concentration/dose values (P = .92; P = .86); the (S)‐methadone concentration/dose values (P = .052; P = .95 [although there was a difference between the TT group and GT and GG groups {P = .019}]); or opiate cessation (P = .12; P = .90).ConclusionThe genotyping of CYP2B6 G516T could be an interesting tool to explore methadone intervariability.
Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of venous thrombosis
Authors: Preston Roger J. S. , O'Sullivan Jamie M. , O'Donnell James S. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryVenous thromboembolism (VTE) represents a leading cause of global mortality, however, the determinants that contribute to thrombus development remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the role of inherited abnormalities of blood coagulation in VTE pathogenesis. In addition, we also consider recent emerging data suggesting other molecular and cellular determinants may also contribute. Specifically, we describe the role played by the inflamed endothelium, and the dysregulated responses to inflammatory stimuli that create a platform for pathological clot formation. We review the accumulating evidence that blood cells, contact pathway factors and protein disulphide isomerases all play key roles in VTE development. Finally, we discuss new insights into the role of metabolites arising from commensal gut bacteria and their potential role in facilitating VTE. This overview provides an update on these state‐of‐the‐art developments and the opportunities they provide for new antithrombotic therapies with enhanced efficacy and improved safety profiles.
Innovations in Practice: Avatar‐based virtual reality in CAMHS talking therapy: two exploratory case studies
Authors: Falconer Caroline J. , Davies E. Bethan , Grist Rebecca , Stallard Paul 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAvatar‐based virtual reality therapy is an emerging digital technology that can be used to assist the treatment of common mental health problems. This may be particularly appealing to young people who are highly familiar with digital technologies and may provide a medium to facilitate communication within face‐to‐face therapy.MethodWe present two case summaries of young people who used ProReal, who had difficulties engaging in talking therapies. ProReal is a software package providing avatar‐based virtual reality therapy, used as part of talking psychological therapies provided within a CAMHS outpatient clinic. Young people completed pre and postuse routine outcome measures and took part in qualitative interviews assessing their experience of ProReal.ResultsOutcome measures showed a reduction over time. The two young people felt ProReal was highly accessible, with both young people positively describing how ProReal helped them externalize their inner worlds to help them to reappraise their thoughts, feelings and experiences. They also reported ProReal being a helpful tool to facilitate communication with the clinician.ConclusionThese case summaries demonstrate how ProReal can be readily integrated into clinical practice and how it can facilitate communication and therapy with young people who find it difficult to express themselves.
Beyond model interpretability using LDA and decision trees for α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitor classification studies
Authors: Diéguez‐Santana Karel , Rivera‐Borroto Oscar M. , Puris Amilkar , Pham‐The Hai , Le‐Thi‐Thu Huong , Rasulev Bakhtiyor , Casañola‐Martin Gerardo M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this report are used two data sets involving the main antidiabetic enzyme targets α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. The prediction of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity as antidiabetic is carried out using LDA and classification trees (CT). A large data set of 640 compounds for α‐amylase and 1546 compounds in the case of α‐glucosidase are selected to develop the tree model. In the case of CT‐J48 have the better classification model performances for both targets with values above 80%–90% for the training and prediction sets, correspondingly. The best model shows an accuracy higher than 95% for training set; the model was also validated using 10‐fold cross‐validation procedure and through a test set achieving accuracy values of 85.32% and 86.80%, correspondingly. Additionally, the obtained model is compared with other approaches previously published in the international literature showing better results. Finally, we can say that the present results provided a double‐target approach for increasing the estimation of antidiabetic chemicals identification aimed by double‐way workflow in virtual screening pipelines.
Dentists’ willingness to screen for cardiovascular disease in the dental care setting: Findings from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Singer Richard H. , Feaster Daniel J. , Stoutenberg Mark , Hlaing WayWay M. , Pereyra Margaret , Abel Stephen , Pollack Harold , Gellman Marc D. , Schneiderman Neil , Metsch Lisa R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveDental clinics offer an untapped health care setting to expand access to screening and early identification of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study examined the correlates of dentists’ willingness to provide CVD screening in the dental care setting.MethodsPrivate practice and public health general dentists in the U.S. participated in a nationally representative survey from 2010 to 2011. The survey examined dentists’ willingness to provide a finger stick test to support CVD screening and agreement that their professional role should include CVD screening.ResultsData analysed from 1802 respondents indicated that 46.6% of dentists were willing to provide CVD screening. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of dentists’ willingness to screen for CVD was associated with currently screening for hypertension (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.01, 2.20), screening for obesity (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.17, 2.36) and agreement that their role as health care professionals includes CVD screening (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI 2.15, 4.29). Dentists’ agreement that their role includes CVD screening was associated with self‐rated knowledge of CVD (good vs none or limited) and CVD training during their professional education (5 to 8 hours of training vs none or limited), (AOR = 5.75, 95% CI 2.26, 14.62) and (AOR = 3.84, 95% CI 2.17, 6.80), respectively.ConclusionsOur study highlights strategies that may be employed to expand future access to early detection of CVD risk. Including CVD screening instruction and clinical screening experiences in dental school curriculum may serve as catalysts to reshape the future scope of dental practice.
Presence of Candida species in the subgingival oral biofilm of patients with peri‐implantitis
Authors: Alrabiah Mohammed , Alshagroud Rana S. , Alsahhaf Abdulaziz , Almojaly Saud A. , Abduljabbar Tariq , Javed Fawad 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are no studies that have investigated the presence of Candida species in the subgingival oral biofilm (OB) of patients with peri‐implantitis.PurposeThe aim was to assess the presence of Candida species in the subgingival OB of patients with peri‐implantitis.Materials and MethodsIndividuals with (group A) and without (group B) peri‐implantitis were included. Life style related and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. In both groups, peri‐implant plaque‐index (PI), bleeding‐on‐probing (BOP), and probing‐depth (PD) were evaluated and crestal bone loss (CBL) were measured on digital bitewing radiographs. In both groups, subgingival OB samples were collected using sterile paper points. Identification of Candida species was performed using ChromAgar medium and colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were determined. Statistical analysis was performed, and level of significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsThe mean age of individuals in groups A (n = 43) and B (n = 41) were 52.2 ± 4.4 and 55.1 ± 2.3 years, respectively. All participants were male. In groups A and B, implants were in function for 7.4 ± 1.3 and 6.8 ± 0.6 years, respectively. Scores of peri‐implant PI (P < 0.001), BOP (P < 0.001), PD (P < 0.001), and CBL (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in group A than group B. Subgingival Candida was isolated from the OB of 33 (76.7%) patients in group A and 5 (12.2%) individuals in group B. The most common yeast species was Candida albicans, which was isolated from 67.4% to 60% individuals in groups A and B, respectively. The number of subgingival oral yeasts CFU/mL were significantly higher in group A (3147.54 ± 1052.6 CFU/mL) compared with group B (496.68 ± 100.2 CFU/mL; P < 0.01).Conclusion
Candida species (predominantly C. albicans) are present in the subgingival OB of patients with peri‐implantitis. Community‐based efforts toward routine oral hygiene maintenance are needed to improve oral health and minimize the risks of peri‐implant diseases in populations.
Likelihood approximations of implied weights parsimony can be selected over the Mk model by the Akaike information criterion
Authors: Goloboff Pablo A. , Arias J. Salvador 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA likelihood method that approximates the behaviour of implied weighting is described. This approach provides a likelihood perspective on several aspects of implied weighting, such as guidance for the choice of concavity values, a justification to use different concavities for different numbers of taxa, and a natural basis for extended implied weighting. In this approach, the number of free parameters in the estimation depends on C, the number of characters (in contrast to the standard Mk model, which estimates 2T–3 parameters for T taxa). Depending on the characteristics of the dataset, the likelihood obtained with this approach may in some cases be similar or superior to that of the Mk model, but with fewer parameters being adjusted. Because of that tradeoff, testing against the Mk model by means of the Akaike information criterion on a set of 182 morphological datasets indicated many cases (36) in which the likelihood approximation to implied weighting is the best method, from an information‐theoretic point of view. Given that it is expected to produce (almost) the same results as this maximum‐likelihood approximation, implied weighting can therefore be seen as a valid alternative to the Mk model often used for morphological datasets, on the basis of a criterion for model fit widely advocated by likelihoodists.
Are coastal habitats important nurseries? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lefcheck Jonathan S. , Hughes Brent B. , Johnson Andrew J. , Pfirrmann Bruce W. , Rasher Douglas B. , Smyth Ashley R. , Williams Bethany L. , Beck Michael W. , Orth Robert J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNearshore‐structured habitats—including underwater grasses, mangroves, coral, and other biogenic reefs, marshes, and complex abiotic substrates—have long been postulated to function as important nurseries for juvenile fishes and invertebrates. Here, we review the evolution of the “nursery habitat hypothesis” and use >11,000 comparisons from 160 peer‐reviewed studies to test whether and which structured habitats increase juvenile density, growth, and survival. In general, almost all structured habitats significantly enhanced juvenile density—and in some cases growth and survival—relative to unstructured habitats. Underwater grasses and mangroves also promoted juvenile density and growth beyond what was observed in other structured habitats. These conclusions were robust to variation among studies, although there were significant differences with latitude and among some phyla. Our results confirm the basic nursery function of certain structured habitats, which lends further support to their conservation, restoration, and management at a time when our coastal environments are becoming increasingly impacted. They also reveal a dearth of evidence from many other systems (e.g., kelp forests) and for responses other than density. Although recent studies have advocated for increasingly complex approaches to evaluating nurseries, we recommend a renewed emphasis on more straightforward assessments of juvenile growth, survival, reproduction, and recruitment.
Utility of transesophageal echocardiography for intra‐operatively assessing pulmonary artery pressure across an isolated ventricular septal defect in children
Authors: Liu Lifei , Li Shangyingying , Ye Mao , Li Yonggang , Tian Jie , Tan Yanzhe 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe magnitude of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is extremely important with respect to the intra‐operative management of children and infants with an isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD). This study aimed to assess the feasibility and accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography for estimating pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) across isolated VSD.MethodsWe compared the results of transesophageal echocardiography vs invasive PASP measured simultaneously. This study included 40 patients (age: 6 months to 6 years; weight: >5 kg) who were undergoing elective surgery for isolated VSDs. Flow signals across the VSDs were identified as high velocity turbulent signals in systole via continuous wave Doppler at 0–120° at the mid‐esophageal level. Peak velocities were recorded. Radial artery systolic pressures were assessed invasively, and PASPs were obtained after exposing the pulmonary artery intra‐operatively.ResultsAfter excluding five patients because of unusable measurements, invasive PASP measurements were obtained in 35 patients (87.5%). There were no significant biases between echocardiographic and catheterization measurements of PASP, with a tight confidence interval measuring, on average, up to 2.6 mmHg. However, the ± 2 standard deviation limits of agreement for mean PASP were −3.8 and 10.6 mmHg.ConclusionPASP measurements via transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac surgical patients under general anesthesia are recommended for use as a screening and monitoring tool for PH in children and infants, but cannot be used as a diagnostic tool.
Co‐designing a virtual world with young people to deliver social cognition therapy in early psychosis
Authors: Realpe Alba , Elahi Farah , Bucci Sandra , Birchwood Max , Vlaev Ivo , Taylor David , Thompson Andrew 
Published: March 2019

AimsCo‐design implies genuine partnership in the generation of knowledge between service users and researchers. Service user involvement in research has been encouraged in government policy, but it is rarely achieved, especially at trial initial stages. Co‐designed with service users, we adapted existing manualised social cognition intervention for people with a first episode of psychosis to a virtual world environment.MethodsWe invited a group of young people who have used mental health services to co‐design a virtual environment to deliver an accessible social cognition intervention to a hard to engage service user group. We used an iterative process with young service users and the design team that included developing initial ideas, creating a prototype and testing the virtual world.ResultsTwenty young service users of local mental healthcare services provided feedback on the design and delivery of the intervention. Reflecting the demographic of the sample, young people felt the virtual environment should be familiar, urban spaces, akin to therapy rooms or classrooms they have used in real‐life situations rather than non‐traditional therapy spaces that were initially proposed.ConclusionThe co‐design process led to the development of a specific design, approach and protocol to be tested in a proof‐of‐concept trial. Young service users were integral to an agile and iterative design. Technological innovations should be routinely co‐designed and co‐produced if they are to realise their potential to deliver acceptable and affordable mental health interventions.
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on rice photosynthate allocation and carbon input in paddy soil
Authors: Xiao Mouliang , Zang Huadong , Ge Tida , Chen Anlei , Zhu Zhenke , Zhou Ping , Atere Cornelius T. , Wu Jinshui , Su Yirong , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe photosynthate carbon (C) released in the rhizosphere plays a crucial role in C sequestration, microbial activities and nutrient availability in soil. Nitrogen (N) fertilization modifies the allocation and dynamics of photosynthates in paddy rice systems, but these effects depend on plant growth stages. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were pulse labelled with 13CO2 at the tillering, elongation, heading and grain‐filling stages with 0 and 225 kg N ha−1 fertilizer. The plants and soil were sampled shortly after each pulse labelling and at harvest. Relative 13C (as % of assimilated C) in the roots and rhizosphere soil was largest at the early growth stage (tillering) and subsequently decreased. At harvest, 68% of the rhizodeposited C remained in bulk soil without N fertilizer, which corresponded to 6.2% of the net assimilated 13C. The absolute amount of net belowground C input (root + rhizodeposition) by rice was 268 and 468 kg C ha−1 under 0 and 225 kg N ha−1 fertilizer, of which rhizodeposition accounted for 60 and 40%, respectively. We concluded that N fertilization raised the belowground C input by rice mainly by increasing root biomass rather than by rhizodeposition.Highlights
Rice photosynthesis‐derived carbon (C) was quantified in soil by multiple pulse labelling with 13CO2
Young rice plants allocated more assimilates into the soil compared to mature plants
Nitrogen deficiency led to greater C retention in bulk soil than in the rhizosphere
Nitrogen fertilization increased the net belowground C input mainly with larger root biomass
A review of the species, community, and ecosystem impacts of road salt salinisation in fresh waters
Authors: Hintz William D. , Relyea Rick A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems worldwide are threatened by salinisation caused by human activities. Scientific attention on the ecological impacts of salinisation from road deicing salts is increasing exponentially.

Spanning multiple trophic levels and ecosystem types, we review and synthesise the ecological impacts of road salt in freshwater ecosystems to understand species‐, community‐, and ecosystem‐level responses. In our review, we identify knowledge gaps that we hope will motivate future research directions.

We found that road salts negatively affect species at all trophic levels, from biofilms to fish. The concentration at which road salt triggered an effect varied considerably. Species‐level impacts were generally sub‐lethal, leading to reductions in growth and reproduction, which can be magnified by natural stressors such as predation. Community‐level impacts including reductions of biodiversity were common, leading to communities of salt‐tolerant species, which may have implications for disease transmission from enhanced recruitment of salt‐tolerant host species such as mosquitoes. At the ecosystem level, road salts alter nutrient and energy flow. Contaminated wetlands could see greater export of greenhouse gases, streams will probably export more nitrogen and carbon, and lakes will encounter altered hydrology and oxygen dynamics, leading to greater phosphorus release from sediments.

While it is necessary to keep roads safe for humans, the costs to freshwater ecosystems may be severe if actions are not taken to mitigate road salt salinisation. Cooperation among policy makers, environmental managers, transportation professionals, scientists, and the public will be crucial to prevent a loss of ecosystem services including water clarity, drinkable water, recreation venues, and fisheries.