bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against pathological cardiac remodeling by modulating galectin‐3 expression
Authors: Sun Mengyao , Jin Liying , Bai Yang , Wang Lei , Zhao Song , Ma Chunye , Ma Dashi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground/Aims: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a protective role in ischemia/reperfusion induced cardiac injury. However, the exact molecular mechanism of FGF21 action remains unclear. This study was designed the protective effect of FGF21 on the heart and its mechanism.Method: Adenovirus vector expressing FGF21 or control β‐galactosidase was injected into the myocardium of mice. Myocardial injury was observed by tissue staining and immunohistochemical staining. The expression level of caspases‐3 and galectin‐3 in myocardial cells were observed by immunoblotting. Then, hypoxia‐induced cell model was established. Small interfering RNA (SiRNA) and plasmid were transfected into H9c2 using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent (Invitrogen). The expression levels of galectin‐3, ECM and cystatin‐3 in cells were observed by immunoblotting, and the relationship between fibroblast growth factor 21 and galectin‐3 was analyzed.Result: Cell test in vitro showed that FGF21 could inhibit apoptosis and decrease the expression of ECM (ColIaI, fibronectin, and alpha‐SMA) under hypoxia. Western blot data showed that hypoxia‐induced cell damage increased galectin‐3 levels, while FGF21 decreased galactose lectin‐3 levels. In addition, inhibition of galactose agglutinin‐3 expression by siRNA enhanced the cardioprotective effect of FGF21, while overexpression of galectin‐3 reduced the cardioprotective effect of fibroblast growth factor 21.Conclusion: FGF21 may be a novel therapy for hypoxia‐induced cardiac injury by regulating the expression of galectin‐3.
Whose anxiety are we treating, anyway?
Authors: Nehrig Nicole , Prout Tracy A. , Aafjes‐van Doorn Katie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis paper explores the ways empirically supported treatments (ESTs) help patients, therapists, and institutional administrators contain anxiety regarding complex human problems.MethodThe authors synthesized relevant literature with their experience as clinicians and psychotherapy researchers.ResultsESTs may manage patient anxieties by framing their symptoms in clearly stated mechanisms and relying on a therapist who is an “expert” capable of healing them quickly. ESTs allow therapists to streamline treatment decisions and minimize intersubjective aspects of treatment which reduces the complexity of therapy. ESTs assist institutional administrators in the top–down dissemination of treatments and limit concerns about malpractice and insurance reimbursement by providing assurance that interventions have been vetted.ConclusionsWhile recognizing the benefits of ESTs, relying on ESTs to manage anxieties may diminish the importance of patient factors and clinical judgment, the other critical aspects of evidence‐based practice, and thus limit the potential of clinical practice to reduce human distress.
Heavy metal phytoremediation of a poplar clone in a contaminated soil in southern Italy
Authors: Ancona Valeria , Caracciolo Anna Barra , Campanale Claudia , Rascio Ida , Grenni Paola , Di Lenola Martina , Bagnuolo Giuseppe , Uricchio Vito Felice 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Monviso clone previously tested successfully to remediate a lindane‐contaminated soil in central Italy was then applied in a historically heavy metal contaminated area in southern Italy.RESULTSThe results obtained at 900 days from the poplar planting showed a strong decrease below Italian national legal limits (D.Lgs 152/06) for most heavy metals (HMs). The highest reduction of HM concentrations was observed in soil samples collected near the trunk (25 cm distant from poplar) and in the rhizosphere. The values of the HM bioaccumulation factor (BAF, considering roots and leaves) and of the translocation factor (TF) suggest that poplar trees were able to phytostabilize HMs. The soil organic carbon content increased compared to the previous sampling in all plots planted. The highest values were observed for the rhizosphere soils of each target tree, while the phosphorous available strongly decreased. Microbial results showed an overall increase in cell viability, dehydrogenase activity and microbial abundance of some bacterial groups.CONCLUSIONOverall results showed that the poplar‐based phytoremediation strategy was able to promote the phytostabilization of the HMs and to improve the soil quality in terms of both organic carbon content and microbial community structure and activity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Exacerbation of autoimmune uveitis by obesity occurs through the melanocortin 5 receptor
Authors: Muhammad Fauziyya Y , Peters Kayleigh , Wang Dawei , Lee Darren J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a leading cause of blindness with a complex etiology. Obesity is considered a chronic disease with a connection with autoimmune diseases through systemic inflammation. However, an obesity and autoimmune disease connection is not consistently true in rodent models of autoimmune disease. A mouse model of human autoimmune uveitis, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) has been used to better understand the immunobiology of uveitis. In this study, we assessed EAU in a high-fat diet (HFD) obesity model and found that the EAU severity is significantly higher in wild-type mice, but not in HFD melanocortin 5 receptor deficient mice. We find a decrease in CD11b+F4/80+Ly-6CloLy-6G+ Mϕs, previously shown to be suppressive, and an enhancement of a Th1 response at the onset of EAU in obese mice. We further demonstrate that at recovery of EAU, obese mice lack regulatory immunity that provides protection from EAU. This report demonstrates that obesity exacerbates autoimmune uveitis and inhibits the promotion of post-EAU regulatory immunity through the melanocortin 5 receptor. The implication of this work is that obesity may contribute to the prevalence of autoimmune uveitis.
Estimated kidney function in children and young adults with spina bifida: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chu David I. , Balmert Lauren C. , Arkin Cameron M. , Meyer Theresa , Rosoklija Ilina , Li Belinda , Hodgkins Kavita S. , Furth Susan L. , Cheng Earl Y. , Yerkes Elizabeth B. , Isakova Tamara 
Published: July 2019

AimsCurrent estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations may be inaccurate in patients with spina bifida (SB) because of reduced muscle mass and stature. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal variability of eGFR were analyzed in these patients across multiple equations, hypothesizing greater variability in creatinine‐based than cystatin‐C (Cys‐C)‐based equations.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included children (age, 1‐17.9 years) and adults (≥18 years) with SB from 2002‐2017 at a large SB clinic. Those without all data needed to calculate eGFR were excluded. Four pediatric and three adult eGFR equations were compared for cross‐sectional outcomes of eGFR and elevated office blood pressures using chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage classification, and for longitudinal outcome of eGFR slope over time using covariance pattern models accounting for repeated measures.ResultsOne hundred and eighty two children and 75 adults had greater than or equal to 1 set of data measurements; 118 and 52, respectively, had greater than or equal to 2 sets. The pediatric bedside Schwartz equation had the highest median eGFR and coefficient of variation. CKD stage classification by eGFR showed large differences across equations in children, with rates of eGFR < 60 and <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 ranging from 2%‐9% and 5%‐69%, respectively. Only one equation showed a significant inverse association between eGFR and blood pressure. Longitudinally, eGFR slopes over time were different across pediatric equations (P < .001) but not adult equations. The bedside Schwartz equation had a positive eGFR slope; the other Cys‐C‐containing equations had negative slopes.ConclusionsCreatinine‐based equations in children with SB vary considerably from cystatin‐C‐containing equations in calculating both single point‐in‐time eGFR values and eGFR trends over time.
Possible association between photic sneeze syndrome and migraine and psychological distress
Authors: Sasayama Daimei , Asano Shinya , Nogawa Shun , Takahashi Shoko , Saito Kenji , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPhotic sneeze syndrome (PSS) is a condition that causes sneezing when the eye is exposed to sudden bright light. Because alterations in the parasympathetic and trigeminal nerve systems have been implicated in PSS, and such systems are involved in migraine and stress‐related disorders, we examined the possible associations of PSS with migraine and psychological distress.MethodsThe presence of PSS and migraine was examined in 11 840 participants from the general population using a self‐report questionnaire. Psychological distress was assessed by the 6‐item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6).ResultsThe overall prevalence of PSS was 3.1%. Individuals with PSS were more likely to suffer from migraine (odds ratio = 1.97, P = 2.18 × 10–9), clinically relevant psychological distress (K6 score ≥ 5: odds ratio = 1.40, P = 0.00143), and severe psychological distress (K6 score ≥ 13: odds ratio = 1.49, P = 0.0486). Overall, K6 scores were significantly higher in those with PSS than in those without (P = 0.000013). Analysis controlling for sex and the presence of migraine showed that PSS was associated with higher K6 scores irrespective of sex or the presence of migraine.ConclusionsThe low prevalence of PSS identified in the present study may be due to the inadequate ability of the self‐report questionnaire to identify PSS. Despite such limitation, the present study suggests that individuals with PSS are more likely to suffer from migraine and psychological distress than those without PSS. PSS may be a potential target for the research of migraine and stress‐related disorders.
Violence in European medieval monasteries: Skeletal trauma in Teplá monastery (Czech Republic)
Authors: Pankowská Anna , Galeta Patrik , Uhlík Spěváčková Petra , Nováček Karel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMedieval monasteries often went beyond their religious mission and developed into economic, social, and educational centres. These were not spared from violent attack on the part of the gentry. The defence of such monasteries is, however, a poorly investigated area in bioarchaeological studies. A recently excavated skeletal sample found in front of the western gate of the Abbey Church at the Teplá monastery (Czech Republic) dated between the 13th and 15th century AD provides us a unique opportunity to fill this gap. The analysis of skeletal trauma reveals that 13 out of 30 individuals exhibited trauma, of which 69% were confidently related to violence. All individuals with injuries were males, and half of them were younger than 30 years of age. The presence of ante‐mortem injuries indicates that males likely had previous combat experience, were successfully treated, and their bodies were buried with respect and care. The most probable explanation of our findings is that the individuals were a group of clients who were tasked with the defence of the Teplá monastery. Other, less likely explanations assume that individuals were laity, monastery benefactors, and/or canons killed during several different violent attacks directed at the monastery.
Validation of mother‐infant linkage using Medicaid Case ID variable within the Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) database
Authors: Knox Caitlin A. , Hampp Christian , Palmsten Kristin , Zhu Yanmin , Setoguchi Soko , Brumback Babette , Segal Richard , Winterstein Almut G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeThe state‐assigned Case ID number in the Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) allows for potential linkage of mothers to infants. No validation of respective linkage algorithms is available. We established and validated an algorithm within MAX that links mothers to infants and to identify factors influencing successful mother‐infant linkage.MethodsWe identified all mother‐infant pairs in FL and TX birth certificates records (BCR) that could be linked individually to MAX records (1999‐2005 for FL and 1999‐2010 for TX) based on Social Security Number (gold standard pairs). Case ID linkage performance was evaluated as the proportion of gold standard mother‐infant pairs that were identified by the algorithm (sensitivity) and the proportion of algorithm defined mother‐infant pairs that were correctly linked. Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate the probability for successful Case ID algorithm linkage versus non‐linkage using maternal and infant characteristics.ResultsWe identified 323,160 gold standard pairs in FL BCR and MAX and 1,025,350 in TX BCR and MAX. Depending on Medicaid enrollment the algorithm sensitivity ranged from 85.51% to 87.96% in FL and 19.60% to 35.75% in TX. In both states, positive predictive value exceeded 99%, regardless of enrollment periods. Determinants for successful linkage varied across states, but suggested better results for younger mothers, minority women, and those with lower educational achievement.ConclusionsOur algorithm can correctly link liveborn infants to their mothers. The algorithm's sensitivity in identifying pairs varied across states, but PPV was consistently high. Linkage performance was associated with certain characteristics that may affect representativeness of successfully linked pairs.
Direct liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry of cell wall lipids from mycobacteria: Salt additives for decreased spectral complexity
Authors: Conner Alexander N. , Jarvis Jessie R. , Alderwick Luke J. , Griffiths Rian L. 
Published: July 2019

RationaleLipids are important mycobacterium cell wall constituents; changes are linked with drug resistance. Liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) enables direct sampling in a highly sensitive manner. Here we describe protocols for the analysis of lipids from bacterial colonies. Lipids form various adducts, complicating spectra. Salt additives were investigated to circumvent this problem.MethodsChloroform:methanol mixtures were studied for lipid extraction and analysis by LESA‐MS. The inclusion of (ESI‐compatible) acetate salts of sodium, potassium or lithium in the extraction solvent was investigated.ResultsWe report the detection of bacterial cell wall lipids from mycobacterial species using LESA for the first time. Sampling protocols were optimised for the use of volatile extraction solvents. The inclusion of acetate salt additives in the sampling solvent significantly reduces spectral complexity in comparison with no additives being used.ConclusionsLESA offers a sensitive technique for bacterial lipid phenotyping. The inclusion of an acetate salt in the sampling solvent drives adduct formation towards a specific adduct type and thus significantly reduces spectral complexity.
Confronting total systemic failure? The May 2018 truckers' strike in Brazil
Authors: Schlindwein Sandro Luis , Ison Ray 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn May 2018, truckers in Brazil went on strike for 10 days to protest against rising diesel prices and for better freight payments. The strike caused an unprecedented level of disruption in many supply‐and‐distribution networks affecting almost all sectors of the economy and the society. Using causal loop diagrams (CLDs) within a systemic‐inquiry approach, an analysis of the circumstances that led to the strike and the resulting systemic failures is developed. Although the main driver of the strike was the fuel‐price policy of Petrobras, a semi‐public Brazilian corporation in the petroleum industry, the level of the observed disruption was primarily the result of a cascade of failures in a range of coupled systems. From the circumstances that led to the strike and its disruptive effects, lessons for future policy are reported making evident the need for transformative governance arrangements, particularly innovative governance practices to prevent failure and disruption in highly interconnected systems.
Unbiased Discovery of Dynamic Peptide‐ATP Complexes
Authors: Kroiss Daniela , Aramini James M. , McPhee Scott A. , Tuttle Tell , Ulijn Rein V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Rein V. Ulijn at CUNY Advanced Science Research Center and Prof. Tell Tuttle at the University of Strathclyde. The image shows adenosine triphosphate, life's ubiquitous energy source, interacting with a short peptide that was discovered using phage display. The formed complexes are dynamic and sample a shallow energy landscape. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/syst.201900013.
Multilevel series–parallel continuously regulated chopper applied flying capacitor topology
Authors: Mori Takao , Uezono Keiichi , Funato Hirohito , Haruna Junnosuke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a new configuration of the series–parallel continuously regulated chopper applying three‐level operation realized by flying capacitor topology. In the conventional two‐level operation, the increase in switching loss and volume of the inductor is problematic. In three‐level operations, both switching frequency and inductance of interconnecting inductor become half of those of two‐level operation under the condition of same current ripple and same ripple frequency. Using a low‐voltage power device, the switching loss can be reduced without increasing the volume of the inductor. The effectiveness of the proposed circuit was verified from steady‐state waveforms obtained by simulations. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generalized second law and universal relations of cosmological black hole
Authors: Bokhari Ashfaque H. , Akbar M. , Brahimi Tayeb 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to investigate the validity conditions for the generalized second law of thermodynamics, and the universal relations for multi-horizon dynamical spacetime. It is found that there are three horizons of McVittie universe termed as event horizon, cosmological apparent horizon, and virtual horizon. The mass-dependent and mass-independent area product relations are formulated in terms of areas of the dynamical event horizon, cosmological horizon and virtual horizon. It is noted that whereas the area sum relation is mass independent, the area product relation is explicitly mass dependent. Moreover, we have also analyzed and listed explicit mass-independent and mass-dependent relations.
The interactive effect of person and situation on explorative and exploitative behavior
Authors: Garcia Fernando , Guidice Rebecca M. , Mero Neal P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine contextual factors (empowerment, ownership, and accountability) that facilitate and promote exploration and exploitation behavior. Data were obtained from an American manufacturing company using employee and supervisor surveys (n = 297). Findings indicate that empowerment improved exploitation and that when employees perceived they would have to be accountable for their actions, employees who felt empowered showed lower gains in exploration behaviors compared with those who felt less empowered; in contrast, those having feelings of ownership exhibited higher gains in exploration behavior than those who scored low in ownership. Although ownership was theorized to have a positive effect on exploitative behavior, we found evidence for its negative effects instead. We contribute to the limited individual-level ambidexterity literature by providing empirical evidence on the effects of contextual factors on ambidextrous behavior. This knowledge could help firms better manage employee behavior and implement effective supervisory oversight.
Goal congruence in teams and performance: The role of (shared) psychological contract fulfilment
Authors: Schreuder Frits , Schalk René , Batistič Sasa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study examines the motivating effects of goal congruence on outcomes in teams. Building on psychological contract theory and theories of person–environment fit, we proposed at the team level of analysis a mediating role of psychological contract fulfilment (PCF) and moderating effects of task interdependence and team identification. The results indicate partial mediation of shared PCF in the goal congruence – team performance relationships and a significant moderation effect of team identification with team alignment in learning goal orientations.
Who benefits from ecosystem services? Analysing recreational moose hunting in Vermont, USA
Authors: Grima Nelson , Fisher Brendan , Ricketts Taylor H. , Sonter Laura J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEcosystem services typically benefit multiple groups of people. However, natural resource management decisions aiming to secure ecosystem services for one beneficiary group rarely consider potential consequences for others. Here, we examine records of moose hunting in Vermont, USA, a recreational ecosystem service with at least two beneficiary groups: hunters, who benefit from recreational experiences and moose meat, and residents, who live in hunting areas and benefit from hunters’ expenditures. We ask how the allocation of hunting permits has affected (1) the total number of hunters and therefore the benefits enjoyed by this group, (2) the benefits residents received, and (3) the spatial distribution of benefits for each group. We found that changes in the allocation of permits had heterogeneous effects on the beneficiaries. For example, increasing the number of hunting permits increased the total number of hunters, but not necessarily the number of residents who potentially benefit. Also, a more balanced distribution of permits across Vermont increased the total number of potentially benefiting residents, but not those from lower socio-economic groups. Understanding these differences and interactions between beneficiary groups is necessary to distribute benefits equitably amongst them.
Prenatal detection of fetal heart disease at Jordan University Hospital: early experience in a developing country
Authors: Tutunji Laila , Thekrallah Fida , Basha Asma , Awaysheh Bushra , Amer Shorouq , Khatib Lina , Hamdan Lubna , Saber Nisreen , Mustafa Asma , Jadallah Rama , Kazaleh Fawaz , Al-Lawama Manar , Badran Eman , AL-Ammouri Iyad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:To report on the first 5 years of establishment of fetal echocardiographic services at the Jordan University Hospital with emphasis on diagnosis and outcome.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted on all fetal echocardiographic studies performed between January 2011 and December 2015. Data collected included maternal demographics, referral indications, fetal cardiac diagnosis, correlation to post-natal diagnosis, outcome of pregnancy including pre-mature delivery and perinatal mortality. Basic statistical analysis was performed including demographic analysis, and calculation of fetal echocardiographic sensitivity and specificity.Results:A total of 208 fetuses underwent fetal echocardiographic evaluation at a mean gestational age of 26.5 (±5) weeks. The most common referral indication was a suspicion of CHD during the obstetric ultrasound (44.2%), followed by cardiac dysfunction (18.2%), and a family history of CHD (14.9%). Fetal echocardiography showed CHD in 71 fetuses (34%), heart failure in 26 (12.5%), arrhythmia in 9 (4.3%), and intracardiac masses in 2. In the remaining 100 fetuses (48%), fetal echocardiography showed normal evaluation. For detecting CHD, fetal echocardiography had a sensitivity and specificity of 91.7% and 95.4%, respectively. Perinatal mortality including termination of pregnancy, intrauterine fetal death, and neonatal mortality was highest in heart failure (77%), and was 41% for CHD.Conclusion:The fetal cardiac diagnostic services at the Jordan University Hospital have encouraging initial results with a relatively high sensitivity and specificity. The services further positively impacted the quality of counselling offered and facilitated pre- and post-natal management.