bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elemental status of the adult able-bodied population of the Republic of Buryatia
Authors: Tarmaeva Inna Yu. , Skalny Anatoliy V. , Bogdanova Olga G. , Grabeklis Andrey R. , Belykh Alexandr I. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction.The study of the elemental status of the population of individual regions of the Russian Federation with the purpose of scientific development and implementation of measures for elimination of revealed elementosis is a promising direction for preventive medicine.The aim of the studyis to study the elemental status of the adult able-bodied population of the Republic of Buryatia, which was part of the Siberian Federal district (SFD) until 2018.Materials and methods.The analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on the basis of the accredited laboratory of “Center of biotic medicine”. (Moscow; ISO 9001: 2008 certificate 54Q10077 from 21.05.2010). The content of chemical elements in the hair of 130 adults (102 women and 28 men) aged 25–50 years was studied. This indicator serves as an indicator in assessing the impact of the environment on the human body. Methods of nonparametric statistics were used for mathematical processing of the data.Results.For women living in the Republic of Buryatia, the maximum values of Zn, increased levels of Cu, Li, Si were revealed; for men — the maximum values of Mg, Cr, Si, increased levels of P, Li, Se, V, Pb. Minimum values were found for P, Fe, V. Elemental status indicates a significant degree of prevalence of essential trace element deficiencies and electrolyte imbalance. The obtained data can be used as reference values for the content of chemical elements in the hair of adults living in the Republic of Buryatia.Conclusions:Elemental analysis of the population of the Republic of Buryatia indicates imbalances among the adult working-age population.
Investment and benefits associated with community based forest enterprises in Nepal
Authors: Dhakal S. R. , Sharma A. R. , Paudel G. 
Published: May 2019

Community forests in Nepal are operating various types of forest-based enterprises. These enterprises are generating considerable amount of income and employment at the local level contributing to the local and national economy. Comprehensive assessment of these enterprises is needed to improve their condition in the future. There is lack of assessment on the investment and benefits associated with these enterprises. We collected the data from 195 community-based enterprises in 23 districts of Nepal representing all geographic and development regions. For the analysis purpose, we categorized the enterprises into four categories viz. non-timber forest products (NTFPs), wood, ecotourism and agriculture enterprises. We analysed the investment, income, households benefitted and employment generation from these enterprises and compared with each other. Mean investment in ecotourism (US$ 22805.09) and wood (US$ 11252.42) based enterprises was found higher than the mean investment in NTFPs (US$ 2628.03) and agriculture (US$ 3383.63) based enterprises. Mean annual income from the enterprises was found US$ 1982.56 and was significantly different between the types of enterprises (P<0.05). On an average 115 households were benefitted per enterprise. Employment generation from wood based (2527 man-days) enterprises was found the highest followed by ecotourism (1490 man-days) enterprises. The mean employment generation from NTFP (1093 man-days) and agriculture-based enterprises (978 man-days) was found significantly lower (P<0.05) than timber and ecotourism-based enterprises. Examination of community-based forest enterprises contribution in local economy and household economy is recommended for future researchers.
Mountain Survey of Amphibians and Reptiles and their Conservation Status in Manaslu Conservation Area, Gorkha District, Western Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Biraj , Shah Karan Bahadur 
Published: May 2019

Aim The Manaslu Conservation Area (MCA), a geographically diverse protected area, is known for high diversity of flowering plants and endemism. However, information about status of herpetofauna is limited. This study aims to fill this gap by updating diversity and distribution of herpetofauna of the MCA.
Location Sirdibas, Bihi and Prok Village Development Committees (VDCs), Gorkha district, Manaslu Conservation Area (MCA).
Materials and methods We used a multi-prolonged strategy combining visual encounter survey (VES) along six transects (500m each) in Sirdibas, Bihi and Prok VDCs, patch sampling (PS) in two sites in Ghap and Prok VDCs and opportunistic observations (OO) along trekking trails from Sirdibas to Prok to document the presence of herpetofauna. We conducted questionnaire survey using photo-elicitation technique (PET) (n=30) to collect ethnoherpetological data.
Key Findings We prepared a checklist of 22 species of amphibian and reptile by verification of data from VES, PS, OO and literature review. The Himalayan rock lizard, Laudakia tuberculata was common in all the study sites. The Hodgson’s racer - Elaphe hodgsonii was first described in the study area. The abundance of herpetofauna species decreased with increasing elevation (r = -0.53, P < 0.01). There was a positive association between species abundances and temperature (r = 0.49, P < 0.01). The ethnoherpetological survey revealed that the stream frogs locally called ‘Paha’ (genus ‘Amolops’, ‘Chaparana’ and ‘Paa’) were commonly consumed for food and presumed health benefits. This may impose a serious threat. We recommend similar systematic study to document and describe herpetofauna in the region.
Husband’s Support for Breastfeeding and Breastfeeding Efficacy of Nepalese Mothers
Authors: Nepali Sajama , Shakya Manodhara 
Published: May 2019

Background: Continuing breastfeeding after three months of the postpartum period has been a challenge to mothers rather than their choice. The engagement of husbands in breastfeeding serves both as physical and mental support to their wives. This study aimed to assess the breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers, identify their husbands’ support for breastfeeding and examine the association between breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers and the husbands’ support for breastfeeding.
Methods: This descriptive, cross sectional study recruited 110 mothers of infants, visiting Bungmati Health Post for immunization from July 2015 to November 2015. Mothers were interviewed face to face with semi structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23. Descriptive analysis was performed on the socio-demographic characteristics, delivery characteristics, breastfeeding self-efficacy and husbands’ support scale. Bivariate analysis was used to examine the association between breastfeeding self-efficacy and husbands’ support scale and other outcomes.
Results: Majority (94%) of the mothers reported to be confident on the breastfeeding self-efficacy, while 95 percent of their husbands were supportive towards breastfeeding. A significant association was seen between the breastfeeding self-efficacy and the husbands’ support scale (p<0.04). Mothers who received support from husbands were 10 times more likely to report confidence on breastfeeding than those who did not.
Conclusions: The results suggested that husbands’ support increases the breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers. Based on this finding, it is recommended that involvement of husband is crucial for encouraging mother to breastfeed child.
Tweetable Abstract: Mothers who received support from their husbands were 10 times significantly more likely to breastfeed.
Perception of Health and Care Seeking Behaviors of Patients Living in High-Altitude Villages of Rural Nepal
Authors: Selby Sasha , Arnaert Antonia , Ponzoni Norma , Dunne Suzanne S. , Dunne Colum P. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Nepal continues to struggle to increase its population access to healthcare, especially in rural and isolated villages where primary healthcare is offered through local health outposts. However, people often prefer to consult initially with traditional healers for minor issues as this is more aligned with their cultural beliefs and practices. Knowing that Nepal is undergoing healthcare reform, it would be timely to explore perceptions of health and care-seeking behaviors amongst patients living in high-altitude communities in rural Nepal for consideration in future planning and policy; which is the purpose of this qualitative study.
Methods: In-person, semi-structured interviews were conducted, with the use of a translator, with 17 participants, living in two rural villages. After transcribing the interviews, themes were identified using thematic analysis.
Results: People expressed the belief that they hold expertise in sustaining health due to their naturalistic lifestyle and community-focus developed within the context of a unique local culture and environment. When faced with a health problem, villagers are compelled to seek treatment from available healthcare offerings. Their care-seeking behavior and their eventual choice between Modern and Belief-based medicine is filtered through a number of considerations: the ease of its accessibility, the cost of services, their prior knowledge related to the illness, their belief system, and the severity of the medical situation.
Conclusion: This study indicates that better understanding of the perceptions of the rural Nepali is crucial in advocating for sustainable and culturally-sensitive delivery of healthcare.
Tweetable Abstract: Rural Nepali’s care-seeking behavior, rooted in naturalistic lifestyle and community-focus; however, contextual considerations oblige them to make choices between Modern and Belief-based medicine.
Physical Exertion, Thermal stress affect the Cognitive Performance on Adolescent Farmers of West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Banibrata , Ghosh Tirthankar 
Published: May 2019

Background: Cognitive ergonomics relates with studies related to knowledge, knowledge acquisition skills and other factors. In the modern days, the workers are exposed to a work, which demands cognitive skill along with physical ability.
Objectives: Aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of physical exertion along with thermal stress on the cognitive performance among the adolescent farmers through.
In the present study, cognitive performance was evaluated through physical exertion along with thermal stress among the adolescent farmers. This cross-sectional study was performed during 2017 -18 among the randomly selected 50 male and 50 female adolescent farmers from the various village of Hooghly District at West Bengal, India. Before conducting the study, legal guardian consent was taken. Prior permission and ethical approval was also obtained from local community leaders as well as relevant authorities before commencement of the study. The memory test or cognitive ability test was done by the Immediate Recovery Test. In cognitive ability test, three pictorial cards were prepared having same length; each of the cards had 15 pictorials. Different pictures card was shown to all the subjects for 15 minutes in resting condition. Immediately after 15 minutes all the subjects were asked to recall the pictures within the 3 minutes. Then, evaluation was undertaken in presence of the subjects.
Results: The result of the study shows that the farmers performed strenuous activity by which they do the more error in cognitive function test than control subjects. This may be due to increase in strenuous activity in agricultural sector by increasing the heart rate (physiological stress) which may decrease the cognitive function among the farmers in compare to control subjects.
Conclusion: The study concludes that intense fatigue producing or highly strenuous agricultural activity lead to an increase in the number as well as in the percentage of wrong answers in the cognitive test. On the other hand, moderate type of agricultural results in a decrease in the number as well as in the percentage of wrong answers and there is an improvement in the cognitive performance.
Contributing Factors of Non-Adherence to Treatment among the Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bhattarai B , Bista B , Shrestha S , Budhathoki B , Dhamala B 
Published: May 2019

Background: The Multiple therapeutic component and need for life long treatment makes diabetic adherence a difficult task. We took this study to identify the Non adherence Patient to the Diabetic treatment, and to assess the contributing factors for non adherence.
Methods: A four questions preformed questionnaire -the Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS) and Structured questionnaire were used to assess the contributing factors of Non adherence to diabetic treatment in 214 patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus which was carried out on Kathmandu Diabetic and Thyroid Center, Alka Hospital and Endocrine Care Center, Kupandol following Probability simple random sampling technique.
Results: A total of 55.14% of diabetic client were non adherent. Major contributing factor of non-adherence to diabetic treatment were ignorance for life style modification i.e. 83.78%. Among them, 59.48% didn't take the prescribed medicine in time ,most of them 85.71% didn't follow diabetic diet and less than half (46.61%) didn’t monitored blood glucose level regularly due to poor self discipline. Gender, occupation and educational status were the significant contributors to Non adherence.
Conclusion: The findings showed high percentage of non adherent diabetic client and enlighten the various factors causing non adherence. It focuses the need for one to one counselling and constant motivation frequently to ensure better adherence.
Intraoperative fiber optic guidance during chronic electrode implantation in deep brain stimulation neurosurgery: proof of concept in primates
Authors: DePaoli Damon , Goetz Laurent , Gagnon Dave , Maranon Gabriel , Prud’homme Michel , Cantin Léo , Parent Martin , Côté Daniel C. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVEThe clinical outcome of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery relies heavily on the implantation accuracy of a chronic stimulating electrode into a small target brain region. Most techniques that have been proposed to precisely target these deep brain regions were designed to map intracerebral electrode trajectory prior to chronic electrode placement, sometimes leading to positioning error of the final electrode. This study was designed to create a new intraoperative guidance tool for DBS neurosurgery that can improve target detection during the final implantation of the chronic electrode.METHODSTaking advantage of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the authors developed a new surgical tool that senses proximal brain tissue through the tip of the chronic electrode by means of a novel stylet, which provides rigidity to DBS leads and houses fiber optics.RESULTSAs a proof of concept, the authors demonstrated the ability of their noninvasive optical guidance technique to precisely locate the border of the subthalamic nucleus during the implantation of commercially available DBS electrodes in anesthetized parkinsonian monkeys. Innovative optical recordings combined to standard microelectrode mapping and detailed postmortem brain examination allowed the authors to confirm the precision of optical target detection. They also show the optical technique’s ability to detect, in real time, upcoming blood vessels, reducing the risk of hemorrhage during the chronic lead implantation.CONCLUSIONSThe authors present a new optical guidance technique that can detect target brain regions during DBS surgery from within the implanted electrode using a proof of concept in nonhuman primates. The technique discriminates tissue in real time, contributes no additional invasiveness to the procedure by being housed within the electrode, and can provide complementary information to microelectrode mapping during the implantation of the chronic electrode. The technique may also be a powerful tool for providing direct anatomical information in the case of direct implantations wherein microelectrode mapping is not performed.
Analysis of the utility of early MRI/MRA in 400 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Chalouhi Nohra , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Al Saiegh Fadi , Das Somnath , Sweid Ahmad , Flanders Adam E. , Starke Robert M. , Baldassari Michael P. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Gooch Michael Reid , Shah Syed Omar , Hasan David , Herial Nabeel , D’Ambrosio Robin , Rosenwasser Robert , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVEMRI and MRA studies are routinely obtained to identify the etiology of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The diagnostic yield of MRI/MRA in the setting of an acute ICH, however, remains unclear. The authors’ goal was to determine the utility of early MRI/MRA in detecting underlying structural lesions in ICH and to identify patients in whom additional imaging during hospitalization could safely be foregone.METHODSThe authors reviewed data obtained in 400 patients with spontaneous ICH diagnosed on noncontrast head CT scans who underwent MRI/MRA between 2015 and 2017 at their institution. MRI/MRA studies were reviewed to identify underlying lesions, such as arteriovenous malformations, aneurysms, cavernous malformations, arteriovenous fistulas, tumors, sinus thrombosis, moyamoya disease, and abscesses.RESULTSThe median patient age was 65 ± 15.8 years. Hypertension was the most common (72%) comorbidity. Structural abnormalities were detected on MRI/MRA in 12.5% of patients. Structural lesions were seen in 5.7% of patients with basal ganglia/thalamic ICH, 14.1% of those with lobar ICH, 20.4% of those with cerebellar ICH, and 27.8% of those with brainstem ICH. Notably, the diagnostic yield of MRI/MRA was 0% in patients > 65 years with a basal ganglia/thalamic hemorrhage and 0% in those > 85 years with any ICH location, whereas it was 37% in patients < 50 years and 23% in those < 65 years. Multivariate analysis showed that decreasing age, absence of hypertension, and non–basal ganglia/thalamic location were predictors of finding an underlying lesion.CONCLUSIONSThe yield of MRI/MRA in ICH is highly variable, depending on patient age and hemorrhage location. The findings of this study do not support obtaining early MRI/MRA studies in patients ≥ 65 years with basal ganglia/thalamic ICH or in any ICH patients ≥ 85 years. In all other situations, early MRI/MRA remains valuable in ruling out underlying lesions.
Phosphene perceptions and safety of chronic visual cortex stimulation in a blind subject
Authors: Niketeghad Soroush , Muralidharan Abirami , Patel Uday , Dorn Jessy D. , Bonelli Laura , Greenberg Robert J. , Pouratian Nader 
Published: May 2019

Stimulation of primary visual cortices has the potential to restore some degree of vision to blind individuals. Developing safe and reliable visual cortical prostheses requires assessment of the long-term stability, feasibility, and safety of generating stimulation-evoked perceptions.A NeuroPace responsive neurostimulation system was implanted in a blind individual with an 8-year history of bare light perception, and stimulation-evoked phosphenes were evaluated over 19 months (41 test sessions). Electrical stimulation was delivered via two four-contact subdural electrode strips implanted over the right medial occipital cortex. Current and charge thresholds for eliciting visual perception (phosphenes) were measured, as were the shape, size, location, and intensity of the phosphenes. Adverse events were also assessed.Stimulation of all contacts resulted in phosphene perception. Phosphenes appeared completely or partially in the left hemifield. Stimulation of the electrodes below the calcarine sulcus elicited phosphenes in the superior hemifield and vice versa. Changing the stimulation parameters of frequency, pulse width, and burst duration affected current thresholds for eliciting phosphenes, and increasing the amplitude or frequency of stimulation resulted in brighter perceptions. While stimulation thresholds decreased between an average of 5% and 12% after 19 months, spatial mapping of phosphenes remained consistent over time. Although no serious adverse events were observed, the subject experienced mild headaches and dizziness in three instances, symptoms that did not persist for more than a few hours and for which no clinical intervention was required.Using an off-the-shelf neurostimulator, the authors were able to reliably generate phosphenes in different areas of the visual field over 19 months with no serious adverse events, providing preliminary proof of feasibility and safety to proceed with visual epicortical prosthetic clinical trials. Moreover, they systematically explored the relationship between stimulation parameters and phosphene thresholds and discovered the direct relation of perception thresholds based on primary visual cortex (V1) neuronal population excitation thresholds.
Önsöz: İki arada bir deredeki Türk’ün iç çekişi
Authors: Gürsel Nedim 
Published: May 2019

Yazmak, yalnızlaştıran bir deneyimdir. Beyaz sayfa, bir lambanın yalın aydınlığında Mallarmé’nin başını döndüren o yalnızlığı, yani bu korkunç düşünceyi dayatır. O, bu zorluğu ancak lambayı kendisinden uzaklaştırarak aşabilmiştir: “karanlık bir alan üzerine, parlak bir biçimde yazı yazılmaz”. Kendi deyimiyle “kendisi yazından başka şey olmayan” Kafka, Felice’ye eşsiz tasarısından söz eder: yazmak için gerekli olan ne varsa alıp, ıssız geniş bir mahzenin ortasına bir lamba ile yerleşmek. “Yazarken asla yeterince yalnız olmayız” der, “yazarken çevrenizde asla yeterince sessizlik olmaz, gece yeteri kadar gece değildir”. ENGLISH ABSTRACTWriting is act making you lonely. Head spinning loneliness is a scary thought comes to Mallarme in front of a blank page and a lamp. Mallarme had overcome this only by moving the lamp away: "you cannot write bright on a dark space". Kafka, who is simply literature, tells Fellice about his unqiue design: taking all you need to write and settling down in a quite dungeon with a lamp. He says that "you cannot be adequately alone when writing; night is not night enough".
GÖRÜŞ: İç Göç Verilerimiz Üzerine Bazı Düşünceler
Authors: Gedik Ayşe 
Published: May 2019

Aşağıdaki yazımda, DIE ve TÜİK'in hazırladığı içgöç ile ilgili datanın bazı özellikleri anlatılmış, eleştirilmiş, ve öneriler sunulmuştur. Bu data (1) DİE'nin hazırladığı Genel Nüfus Sayımından elde edilen "5 yıllık" dönemler ile ilgili olup 1965-2000 yıllarını kapsar; ve (2) TÜİK'in 2008 yılından itibaren topladığı "1'er yıllık" idari kayıtlara dayanır. Eleştirilerim genel olarak, datanın sürekliliği ve içeriğinin önemi, kullanıcılar açısından kurumlar ile olan ilişkiler, yayın ve internet farkı, datanın formal olarak kurumca değerlendirilmesi, ülkemizin özel durumu gibi konuları içermektedir.ENGLISH ABSTRACTVIEWPOINTReflections on the internal migration data in TurkeyAbstractIn this paper, I reflect on the data prepared and published by State Planning Organisation and Turkish Statistics Institute. Some features of the data and issues are discussed and suggestions are made. The internal migration data published by SPO is based on the genral population census and covers the 5-year periods from 1965 to 2000. Remaining data is based on the adminsitrative registers compiled by TurkStat since 2008 on an annual basis. My criticisms in general covers the continuity of the data, importance of the content, relationships between the institutions and their repercussions for the end users, print and online data release, formal evaluation of the data by the institution and Turkey’s peculiar position.