bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prothrombin Utilization in Congenital Coagulation Deficiency States
Authors: Owen Ch. A , Thompson J. H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe disappearance of plasma prothrombin was measured during the spontaneous clotting of whole blood from 15 normal adults, from patients lacking fibrinogen, factor V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, or XIII, or Fletcher factor, from patients with von Willebrand’s disease or Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia, and from one patient with an unidentified prothromboplastic abnormality. Prothrombin utilization was normal in patients lacking fibrinogen or factor VII or XIII or who had Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia. Utilization was most abnormal in patients with the greatest deficiencies of factors V, VIII, IX, or XI. Patients lacking factor XII or Fletcher factor consumed prothrombin rapidly after an abnormal initial lag period. Within each group of patients with hemophilia A or von Willebrand’s disease, the lower the concentration of factor VIII the more slowly was prothrombin utilized, but with von Willebrand’s disease there was much more rapid prothrombin utilization than with hemophilia with higher levels of factor VIII. Patients with the most pronounced deficiencies of factor XI, factor XII, or Fletcher factor had abnormal platelet adhesiveness.
Aktivitätssteigerungen verminderter Gerinnungsfaktoren bei angeborenen Gerinnungsdefekten
Authors: Mingers A.-M , Mietens C , Ströder J 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungBei 17 Personen mit Gerinnungsstörungen wurden Plasmatauschversuche und Immunglobulinbestimmungen im Serum mit folgenden Ergebnissen durchgeführt :1. Es besteht eine signifikante Aktivitätssteigerung des betreffenden Faktors in vitro bei Hämophilie A und B sowie kongenitalem Defekt im Prothrombinkomplex.2. Keine Aktivitätssteigerung in vitro, sondern das Bild eines echten Faktorenmangels fand sich bei nicht hämophiliebedingter Faktor VIII-Minderung, erworbenem Defekt im Prothrombinkomplex und kongenitaler Afibrinogenämie.3. Im Serum aller Patienten, bei denen im Plasmatauschversuch sich eine Aktivitätssteigerung des Mangelfaktors zeigte, waren über den 2-σ-Bereich hinaus erhöhte Konzentrationen eines oder mehrerer Immunglobuline, besonders IgM, nachweisbar.4. Patienten, deren Plasmatauschversuche das Bild reinen Faktorenmangels boten, zeigten eher normale oder verminderte Immunglobulinwerte.
Major Surgery in a Subject with Factor V Deficiency
Authors: Melliger E. J , Duckert F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA further case of parahaemophilia is reported. One year after the correct diagnosis had been made the patient had to undergo cholecystectomy which was performed under prophylactic substitutive treatment with fresh plasma at a factor V level of 31 %. A minimal factor V level of 11 to 12% was maintained throughout the first week after operation. There was no abnormal postoperative bleeding. The half disappearance time of factor V was found to be about 12 h. Infusion of equivalent amounts of fresh plasma supplied a higher yield of factor V in the patient’s plasma before operation than postoperatively what may be explained by an increased diffusion of factor V into the intercellular space resulting from a postoperatively increased capillar permeability. The results are compared with those of other authors.
Ontogenesis of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Human
Authors: Åstedt B , Pandolfi M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe ontogenesis of tissue plasminogen activator in various tissues was studied in 10 embryos and 58 foetuses with a histochemical method.The first appearance of activator activity was seen in a 4-weeks old embryo. At 8-9 weeks it was seen in the eye, meninges, heart, lungs, kidney and vena cava. In the foetal heart high activity was found in the coronary vessels, which can be regarded as the vasa vasorum of the heart. In the lungs a moderate activity increased at 24 weeks of age, when vascularisation increases more rapidly. Intense activity was seen in the highly vascularized corneoscleral junction of the eye later involved in the drainage of aqueous humor.In the kidney the activity could be related to the vessels, while no activity was seen in the glomeruli, the collecting system or the pelvis. In the vessels the activator activity was fairly high. No activity was seen in any stage of development of the liver.The plasminogen activator activity may be of importance for maintaining the foetomaternal circulation and micro-circulation in rapidly growing foetal organs. In the embryo the enzyme pattern is dominated by protein synthetizing enzymes. During foetal development the enzyme pattern changes owing to supervention of enzymes necessary for the function of the various organs. Plasminogen activator belongs to this latter group. The appearance of plasminogen activator activity may therefore be regarded mainly as a sign of functional maturity of the foetal organs.
In Vitro Platelet Reaction with Isolated Glomerular Basement Membrane
Authors: Ts'ao Chung-Hsin 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPurified canine glomerular basement membrane (BM) induced platelet aggregation when added to heparinized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of the rat. Platelet aggregation induced by BM suspension was compared with that induced by collagen submicroscopically. When aliquots of BM or collagen suspension of the same concentration (2 mg/ml saline) was incubated with PRP, platelet-BM reaction was far less pronounced than platelet-collagen reaction. Platelet-BM reaction was slow and aggregates were small; swelling and pseudopod formation were obvious but platelet degranulation was limited. With high concentration (5 mg/ml saline) of BM suspension, the aggregation time was shortened and aggregates were generally composed of larger number of platelets. Treatment of BM with collagenase abolished the platelet-BM reaction. It is postulated that similar “platelet aggregating” elements in collagen are present in BM; but the quantity of these elements is less in a BM than in a collagen molecule.
A New Hybrid Technique for Performing a Safer Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy: Combining Reciprocating Saw and Piezoelectric Devices
Authors: Raffaini Mirco , Perello Raffaella , Conti Marco , Hernandèz-Alfaro Federico , Agostini Tommaso 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe sagittal split osteotomy (SSO) is an indispensable tool in the correction of dentofacial abnormalities. In elective orthognathic surgery, it is important that surgeons inform patients about the risk of complications related to inferior alveolar nerve damage and unfavorable split. The purpose of this article is to describe a novel, hybrid technique to SSO by combining a reciprocating saw and piezoelectric devices with several advantages over traditional “pure” methods (osteotomies performed by reciprocating saw or piezoelectric devices only) in terms of precision, rapidity, easier splitting, and decreased complications related to inferior alveolar nerve damage and bad split with reduced overall morbidity. The level of evidence was Level IV, therapeutic study.
Prophylactic Hypogastric Artery Ligation during Placenta Percreta Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kuhn Theresa , Martimucci Kristina , Al-Khan Abdulla , Bilinski Robyn , Zamudio Stacy , Alvarez-Perez Jesus 
Published: June 2018

Objective To evaluate if prophylactic hypogastric artery ligation (HAL) decreases surgical blood loss and blood products transfused.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study comparing patients with placenta percreta undergoing prophylactic HAL at the time of cesarean hysterectomy versus those who did not. Data were presented as means ± standard deviations, proportions, or medians with interquartile ranges. Demographic and clinical data were compared in the groups using Student's t-test for normally distributed data or the Mann–Whitney U test for nonnormally distributed data. Fisher's exact test was used for proportions and categorical variables. Data are reported as significant where p was <0.05.
Results There were 26 patients included in the control group with no HAL and 11 patients included in the study group. Estimated blood loss for the study group was 1,000 mL versus 800 mL in the control. Units of PRCBs transfused were 4.5 units in the study group versus 2 units for the control group. None of these measures were found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion Our data suggest there was no benefit in the use of prophylactic HAL in decreasing surgical blood loss or amount of blood products transfused in patients who had a cesarean hysterectomy performed for placenta percreta.
Précis Prophylactic HAL does not decrease blood loss during surgery for placenta percreta.
Valuation of knowledge and ignorance in mesolimbic reward circuitry
Authors: Charpentier Caroline J. , Bromberg-Martin Ethan S. , Sharot Tali 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Humans desire to know what the future holds. Yet, at times they decide to remain ignorant (e.g., reject medical screenings). These decisions have important societal implications in domains ranging from health to finance. We show how the opportunity to gain information is valued and explain why knowledge is not always preferred. Specifically, the mesolimbic reward circuitry selectively treats the opportunity to gain knowledge about favorable, but not unfavorable, outcomes as a reward to be approached. This coding predicts biased information seeking: Participants choose knowledge about future desirable outcomes more than about undesirable ones, vice versa for ignorance, and are willing to pay for both. This work demonstrates a role for valence in how the human brain values knowledge.
Immunogenetic and structural analysis of a class of HCV broadly neutralizing antibodies and their precursors
Authors: Aleman Fernando , Tzarum Netanel , Kong Leopold , Nagy Kenna , Zhu Jiang , Wilson Ian A. , Law Mansun 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects 1–2% of the world’s population, but a vaccine to limit spreading of this silent killer is unavailable. A leading strategy in vaccine design to counter the genetic variability of HCV is to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting conserved viral epitopes. The HCV antigenic site 412–423 (AS412) is highly conserved and a prime vaccine target. In this study, the genetic and structural properties of murine bnAbs targeting AS412 were determined. Using specific molecular interactions encoded in the antibody germline genes and those acquired by somatic hypermutation, two distinct antibody lineages recognize AS412 in near identical conformations. The results provide key insights in the development of HCV bnAbs for rational vaccine design.
The processes of animation and de-animation in conceptualizing socio-political events
Authors: Cibulskienė Jurga 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The philosophical idea of anthropocentrism viewing human beings as the most significant entities has been put forward in various metaphor studies within cognitive linguistics. As Talmy (2002) claims, people choose to animate a very large part of their reality and this happens due to embodiment, as Lakoff (1987), and Lakoff and Johnson (1999) argue. Anthropocentricity can also be explained by Croft’s Extended Animacy Hierarchy system (2002) in terms of human beings outranking animate and inanimate entities, strongly implying that inanimate entities tend to be perceived as inferior. However, this paper argues that anthropocentrism is bidirectional, since not only do we ascribe human or animate qualities to inanimate objects or phenomena, but we also tend to “de-animate” human beings by attributing inanimate qualities to them. This paper further explores the idea of anthropocentricity by focusing on the metaphorical conceptualization of issues concerning the euro adoption in 2015 and the refugee crisis in 2015–2016, two real-life phenomena that have significantly affected social life in Lithuania. The paper thus aims to investigate how animation of the euro and de-animation of refugees is metaphorically conceptualized in the Lithuanian media and what rhetorical implications arise from this. The research is conducted within the framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis (Charteris-Black, 2005/2011, 2014; Musolff, 2004; Hart 2010, etc.), which suggests that metaphors are used as an argumentative tool seeking to manipulate the audience. The paper therefore argues that the animation of the euro and “de-animation” of refugees carry serious rhetorical implications and reveal the attitudes of society towards the phenomena analyzed.
“It’s so vital to learn Slovene”
Authors: Pokorn Nike K. , Čibej Jaka 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Short-time migrants, who stay in the host country from one to 12 months, use mediation strategies including lingua francas, public-service interpreting and translation, translation technologies, intercomprehension, and learning the host country’s dominant language. The choices made by asylum seekers in Slovenia, a country of transit for the majority of asylum seekers, are analyzed on the basis of questionnaires answered by 127 current and former residents of the Slovene asylum seeker centers in 2016, followed up by semi-structured interviews with a representative group of 34 asylum seekers. The results show that the majority of newly arrived migrants regard the use of lingua francas as a helpful but not desired long-term strategy. They define host-country language learning as the most desirable strategy for linguistic and social inclusion. Surprisingly, they are reluctant to use translation technologies and interpreters because they either doubt the accuracy of the transfer or they consider such mediation (interpreting in particular) a hindrance to their independence.
Mediation choice in immigrant groups
Authors: Ayvazyan Nune , Pym Anthony 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn interview survey of 51 members of Russian-speaking groups in the Salou area of southern Catalonia indicates the use of several modes of mediation to solve language problems. Professional written translators tend to be employed for official documents and high-risk situations only, whereas professional interpreters tend not to be used; family members and friends are usually preferred. There is widespread learning of Spanish, which is seen as the “host” language and offers independence, but very limited engagement with Catalan, which nevertheless remains a strong language of identification for much of the host society. In this multilingual context, Spanish, Russian, and English can all function as lingua francas depending on the situation. Russian, however, is only taught by private associations, even though its presence in the public school system could conceivably help address the diffuse sense of social exclusion felt by these groups and would be to the long-term benefit of the area’s economy, which partly depends on Russian tourism.
What genres tell us about evidentials and vice versa
Authors: Estellés Maria 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is twofold. First, it aims to delve into the influence of contextual discursive factors in determining the type of evidential chosen and the pragmatic functions developed by evidentials in Spanish parliamentary discourse; second, it shows how evidentials can also provide useful new insight on the genre. A corpus study has been carried out studying the Spanish evidential discourse markeral parecerin parliamentary debates. The analysis shows how real examples ofal parecerhardly fit any category of evidentials posited previously; data also illustrates how factors such as the discursive role or the part of the parliamentary process do affect the meaning ofal parecerand change the pragmatic nuances conveyed by the discourse marker.
Comparisons of measurement standards of flatness (COOMET.L-S15)
Authors: Kupko V S 
Published: June 2018

In 2015, a supplementary comparison of flatness standards, COOMET.L-S15, was started, the goal of comparisons was to establish the degree of equivalence of national standards. The participants of the comparison carry out, on their national standards, measuring a reference standard with a diameter of 120 mm, a thickness of 30 mm (hereinafter referred to as measure) in accordance with the requirements of the technical protocol section "Instructions for conducting measurements" and instructions for working with national standards. In this additional comparison, three laboratories VNIIMS, BelGIM, NSC "IM" participated.
The measurements were conducted by the participants between July 2015 and the end of 2017. All values of the criterion En for the measure of deviation from the flatness of the participants of the comparisons are below the established level |En| ≤ 1. Therefore, there is a close agreement between the measurements of all participants.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
flatness, interferometer readings, deviation

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Association Between Heart Rate Variability and Home Blood Pressure: The Toon Health Study
Authors: Saito Isao , Takata Yasunori , Maruyama Koutatsu , Eguchi Eri , Kato Tadahiro , Shirahama Ryutaro , Tomooka Kiyohide , Kawamura Ryoichi , Sano Madoka , Tabara Yasuharu , Osawa Haruhiko , Tanigawa Takeshi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although blood pressure (BP) is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, it is not fully understood how autonomic activity affects BP at home in the general population.

METHODS
Subjects were enrolled from 2009 to 2012 and included 1,888 men and women aged 30–79 years. We measured casual BP in the morning during health checkups and asked participants to monitor BP at home twice in the morning and evening for 1 week. The mean of the two measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated. Five-minute recordings of the pulse wave from a fingertip sensor were used to determine the following indices of heart rate variability (HRV): standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences in RR intervals (RMSSD), high frequency (HF) power, low frequency (LF) power, and LF/HF.

RESULTS
Sex- and age-adjusted means of casual MAP, and morning and evening MAP at home were significantly different among quartiles of SDNN, RMSSD, and HF. When further adjusted for smoking, alcohol drinking, medication for hypertension, diabetes, sleeping hours, snoring, and mental health status, the associations were somewhat attenuated. Inverse relationships were found between the means of morning home MAP, and RMSSD (P = 0.02) and HF (P = 0.051) after adjustment for confounders. The association between MAP and RMSSD, or MAP and HF was evident in individuals &lt;65 years old.

CONCLUSION
Low HF and RMSSD, which reflect impaired parasympathetic nervous system activity, were associated with increased home MAP in the morning rather than in the evening.
What if They Don’t Have Tuberculosis? The Consequences and Trade-offs Involved in False-positive Diagnoses of Tuberculosis
Authors: Houben Rein M G J , Lalli Marek , Kranzer Katharina , Menzies Nick A , Schumacher Samuel G , Dowdy David W 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
To find the millions of missed tuberculosis (TB) cases, national TB programs are under pressure to expand TB disease screening and to target populations with lower disease prevalence. Together with imperfect performance and application of existing diagnostic tools, including empirical diagnosis, broader screening risks placing individuals without TB on prolonged treatment. These false-positive diagnoses have profound consequences for TB patients and prevention efforts, yet are usually overlooked in policy decision making. In this article we describe the pathways to a false-positive TB diagnosis, including trade-offs involved in the development and application of diagnostic algorithms. We then consider the wide range of potential consequences for individuals, households, health systems, and reliability of surveillance data. Finally, we suggest practical steps that the TB community can take to reduce the frequency and potential harms of false-positive TB diagnosis and to more explicitly assess the trade-offs involved in the screening and diagnostic process.
Cardiomyocyte-specific deficiency of HSPB1 worsens cardiac dysfunction by activating NFκB-mediated leucocyte recruitment after myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Yana , Liu Jiali , Kong Qiuyue , Cheng Hao , Tu Fei , Yu Peng , Liu Ying , Zhang Xiaojin , Li Chuanfu , Li Yuehua , Min Xinxu , Du Shuya , Ding Zhengnian , Liu Li 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Aims
Inadequate healing after myocardial infarction (MI) leads to heart failure and fatal ventricular rupture, while optimal healing requires timely induction and resolution of inflammation. This study tested the hypothesis that heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1), which limits myocardial inflammation during endotoxemia, modulates wound healing after MI.

Methods and results
To test this hypothesis, cardiomyocyte-specific HSPB1 knockout (Hspb1−/−) mice were generated using the Cre-LoxP recombination system. MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in Hspb1−/− and wild-type (WT) littermates. HSPB1 was up-regulated in cardiomyocytes of WT animals in response to MI, and deficiency of cardiomyocyte HSPB1 increased MI-induced cardiac rupture and mortality within 21 days after MI. Serial echocardiography showed more aggravated remodelling and cardiac dysfunction in Hspb1−/− mice than in WT mice at 1, 3, and 7 days after MI. Decreased collagen deposition and angiogenesis, as well as increased MMP2 and MMP9 activity, were also observed in Hspb1−/− mice compared with WT controls after MI, using immunofluorescence, polarized light microscopy, and zymographic analyses. Notably, Hspb1−/− hearts exhibited enhanced and prolonged leucocyte infiltration, enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced TLR4/MyD88/NFκB activation compared with WT controls after MI. In-depth molecular analyses in both mice and primary cardiomyocytes demonstrated that cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of HSPB1 increased nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) activation, which promoted the expression of proinflammatory mediators. This led to increased leucocyte recruitment, thereby to excessive inflammation, ultimately resulting in adverse remodelling, cardiac dysfunction, and cardiac rupture following MI.

Conclusion
These data suggest that HSPB1 acts as a negative regulator of NFκB-mediated leucocyte recruitment and the subsequent inflammation in cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte HSPB1 is required for wound healing after MI and could be a target for myocardial repair in MI patients.
Reprogramming of Th1 cells into regulatory T cells through rewiring of the metabolic status
Authors: Kanamori Mitsuhiro , Nakatsukasa Hiroko , Ito Minako , Chikuma Shunsuke , Yoshimura Akihiko 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
T helper type 1 (Th1) cells form one of the most stable CD4 T-cell subsets, and direct conversion of fully differentiated Th1 to regulatory T (Treg) cells has been poorly investigated. Here, we established a culture method for inducing Foxp3 from Th1 cells of mice and humans. This is achieved simply by resting Th1 cells without T-cell receptor ligation before stimulation in the presence of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). We named the resulting Th1-derived Foxp3+ cells Th1reg cells. Mouse Th1reg cells showed an inducible Treg-like phenotype and suppressive ability both in vitro and in vivo. Th1reg cells could also be induced from in vivo-developed mouse Th1 cells. Unexpectedly, the resting process enabled Foxp3 expression not through epigenetic changes at the locus, but through metabolic change resulting from reduced mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. mTORC1 suppressed TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in Th1 cells, which was restored in rested cells. Our study warrants future research aiming at development of immunotherapy with Th1reg cells.