bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Section: Assessing Information Technologies for Health: Evaluation and Implementation: A Call for Action
Authors: Talmon J. L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo raise awareness for actions that are urgently needed to accompany the large scale implementations of ICT in Health Care that are currently taking place in many countries around the world.An analysis of a few studies that have recently been described in the literature guided by recent suggestions for research and development of evaluation of health ICT.Six specific recommendations for action are specified:Development of good implementation practice,Development of an experience base of implementation of ICT in health care,Setting up a surveillance system for unintended effects,Build an evidence base of best evaluation practice,Developing guidelines for proper reporting of evaluation studies,Education of clinicians and decision makers.
IMIA and its Members: On Balancing Continuity and Transition in Biomedical and Health Informatics
Authors: Reichertz Peter L. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective To report on major past (2008) and future (2009 and beyond) activities of IMIA, the International Medical Informatics Association.
Method Summarizing discussions and planning activities within IMIA, in particular with respect to its Board and General Assembly meetings in 2008; looking at recent progress of biomedical and health informatics by commenting on IMIA Yearbook surveys and best paper selections.
Results Major recent IMIA efforts include preparatory work for Medinfo 2010, global partnership activities in collaboration with WHO, planning activities for shifting to a biennial Medinfo cycle and setting up an IMIA office, all in accordance with IMIA’s longterm strategic plan ‘Towards IMIA 2015’. The IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics, published annually since 1992, can be regarded as an important observatory for progress in health and biomedical informatics. Future activities include conference events in 2009 and IMIA’s world congress, Medinfo 2010, finalizing a revision of IMIA’s recommendations on education in biomedical and health informatics, and publication activities to stimulate the transfer of knowledge from theory to practice
Conclusions Since its inception in 1967, IMIA has evolved into a truly global organization, in a world where medical informatics has gained in significance and importance for supporting high-quality, efficient health care and for research in biomedicine and in the health sciences. Now in its 5th decade, IMIA’s responsibilities, as well as opportunities, as a global, independent organization have both increased. Finding the right balance between continuity and transition, in order to appropriately support, stimulate, and, to some extent enable high-quality translational communication, research, education, and practice in biomedical and health informatics is a key IMIA challenge.
Imaging Informatics: from Image Management to Image Navigation
Authors: Ratib O. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective To review the rapid evolution of imaging informatics dealing with issues of management and communication of digital images starting from the era of simple storage and transfer of images to today’s world of interactive navigation in large sets of multidimensional data.
Methods This paper will review the initial concepts of Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) and the early developments and standardization efforts that lead to the deployment of large intra-institutional networks of image distribution allowing radiologists and physicians to access and review images digitally. With the deployment of PACS came along the need for advanced tools for image visualization and image analysis.
Results Review of the history of PACS and Imaging Informatics clearly shows that the early developments were focused on the radiologist’s requirements for diagnosis and image interpretation. These early developments lagged behind the rapid adoption of digital imaging in areas outside radiology. Only recently, imaging informatics shifted toward the development of new tools geared toward the needs of other users such as surgeons, referring physicians and care-providers, and even for the patients themselves. Also in the recent years, the development of multimedia and communication tools in the consumer market has influenced the design and strategic development of image management platforms inside and outside healthcare institutions.
Conclusions The focus of imaging informatics has clearly shifted in the last decade from basic infrastructure design to complete data and image navigation systems. While the challenge of storing and managing large volumes of imaging data have slowly vanished with the rapid development if information technology, the new challenge emerged from the new requirements of image manipulation and analysis in clinical practice.
Health informatics 3.0
Authors: Kalra Dipak 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWeb 3.0 promises us smart computer services that will interact with each other and leverage knowledge about us and our immediate context to deliver prioritised and relevant information to support decisions and actions. Healthcare must take advantage of such new knowledge-integrating services, in particular to support better cooperation between professionals of different disciplines working in different locations, and to enable well-informed co-operation between clinicians and patients. To grasp the potential of Web 3.0 we will need well-harmonised semantic resources that can richly connect virtual teams and link their strategies to real-time and tailored evidence. Facts, decision logic, care pathway steps, alerts, education need to be embedded within components that can interact with multiple EHR systems and services consistently. Using Health Informatics 3.0 a patient’s current situation could be compared with the outcomes of very similar patients (from across millions) to deliver personalised care recommendations. The integration of EHRs with biomedical sciences (‘omics) research results and predictive models such as the Virtual Physiological Human could help speed up the translation of new knowledge into clinical practice. The mission, and challenge, for Health Informatics 3.0 is to enable healthy citizens, patients and professionals to collaborate within a knowledge-empowered social network in which patient specific information and personalised real-time evidence are seamlessly interwoven.
Biomedical and Health Informatics Education and Research at the Information Technology Institute in Egypt
Authors: Khalifa A. , Hussein R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDuring the last decade, Egypt has experienced a revolution in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) that has had a corresponding impact on the field of healthcare.Since 1993, the Information Technology Institute (ITI) has been leading the development of the Information Technology (IT) professional training and education in Egypt to produce top quality IT professionals who are considered now the backbone of the IT revolution in Egypt. For the past five years, ITI has been adopting the objective of building high caliber health professionals who can effectively serve the ever-growing information society.Academic links have been established with internationally renowned universities, e.g., Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) in US, University of Leipzig in Germany, in addition those with the Egyptian Fellowship Board in order to enrich ITI Medical Informatics Education and Research.The ITI Biomedical and Health Informatics (BMHI) education and training programs target fresh graduates as well as lifelong learners. Therefore, the program’s learning objectives are framed within the context of the four specialization tracks: Healthcare Man- agement (HCM), Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Bioinformatics Professional (BIP), and Healthcare Professional (HCP). The ITI BMHI research projects tackle a wide-range of current chal- lenges in this field, such as knowledge management in healthcare, providing tele-consultation services for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases for underserved regions in Egypt, and exploring the cultural and educational aspects of Nanoinformatics.Since 2006, ITI has been positively contributing to de- velop the discipline of BMHI in Egypt in order to support improved healthcare services .
People and Ideas in Medical Informatics - A Half Century Review
Authors: van Bemmel J. H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryReviewing the onset and the rapid changes to make realistic predictions on the future of medical informatics.Pointing to the contributions of the early pioneers, who had their roots in other disciplines and by illustrating that from the onset an interdisciplinary approach was characteristic for our field.Some of the reasons for the changes in medical informatics are that nobody was able to predict the advent of the personal computer in the 1970s, the world-wide web in 1991, and the public start of the Internet in 1992, but foremost that nobody expected that it was not primarily the hardware or the software, but human factors that would be crucial for successful applications of computers in health care. In the past sometimes unrealistic expectations were held, such as on the impact of medical decision-support systems, or on the overly optimistic contributions of electronic health records. Although the technology is widely available, some applications appear to be far more complex than expected. Health care processes can seldom be fully standardized. Humans enter at least in two very different roles in the loop of information processing: as subjects conducting care - the clinicians - and as subjects that are the objects of care - the patients.Medical informatics lacks a specific methodology; methods are borrowed from adjacent disciplines such as physics, mathematics and, of course, computer science. Human factors play a major role in applying computers in health care. Everyone pursuing a career in biomedical informatics needs to be very aware of this. It is to be expected that the quality of health care will increasingly be assessed by computer systems to fulfill the requirements of medical evidence.
Beschreibung eines Malnutrition-Management-Programms für
onkologische Patienten
Authors: Kritzinger Silvia , Auer Johann 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungMangelernährung kann im Kontext einer Tumorerkrankung auftreten und ist unter
onkologischen Patienten weit verbreitet. Der Wechsel vom stationären zum
ambulanten Versorgungssektor muss vielfältigen Ansprüchen gerecht werden und
kann mit Informationsverlusten verbunden sein. Um dieser
Schnittstellenproblematik mit einem effektiven Konzept zu begegnen, sollten
Faktoren für ein nachhaltiges Ernährungsprogramm für mangelernährte onkologische
Patienten eines akademischen Lehrkrankenhauses bestimmt werden.
Homöopathische Therapie einer ungewöhnlich verlaufenden Purpura Schönlein-Henoch
Authors: Lucae Christian 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungAnhand einer Kasuistik wird die homöopathische Behandlung einer Purpura Schönlein-Henoch bei einem 12 Jahre alten Jungen demonstriert. Die Diagnosestellung wurde aufgrund des späten Auftretens der typischen Effloreszenzen deutlich verzögert. Komplikationen in Form abdomineller Koliken und einer Nierenbeteiligung mit Proteinurie konnten dann aber positiv durch die homöopathische Therapie beeinflusst werden.
Retention nach kieferorthopädischer Behandlung – eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Lanzer Birgit 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEine Form von Retention nach abgeschlossener kieferorthopädischer Behandlung ist empfehlenswert, um ein mögliches Rezidiv zu verhindern. Ein Rezidiv kann bspw. als Folge von gedehnten parodontalen Fasern auftreten, die dazu neigen die Zähne in ihre ursprüngliche Position zurück zu bewegen, oder auch aufgrund ungünstiger okklusaler Kontakte nach Abschluss der Behandlung. Unerwünschte Zahnbewegungen ergeben sich aber auch durch den physiologischen Alterungsprozess, wobei es sich hierbei nicht um ein Rezidiv handelt, sondern um Veränderungen, die auch bei Patienten, die nie kieferorthopädisch behandelt wurden auftreten.
Purpura Schönlein-Henoch – Belladonna
Authors: Holzapfel Klaus 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungBehandlung eines Kleinkindes mit Purpura Schönlein-Henoch und Asthma bronchiale mit Belladonna und Rhus toxicodendron unter Benutzung der General Analysis von C. M. Boger und unter Hinzuziehung der Familienanamnese.
Eradication of endemicBrachyspira pilosicoliinfection from a farrowing herd: a case report
Authors: Fossi M. , Heinonen M. , Pohjanvirta T. , Pelkonen S. , Peltoniemi O.A.T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBrachyspira pilosicoliandB. innocenswere isolated repeatedly from a herd of 60 sows which mostly produced feeder pigs but also raised some fattening pigs. Postweaning diarrhea had been a severe problem in this herd for years. TheB. pilosicolieradication plan was based on the general guidelines for elimination ofB. hyodysenteriae, with some modifica-tions. The eradication measures were run in August 1997. In-feed medication with 200p.p.m. tiamulin lasted for 18–30 days, depending on the age group. The piggery unit was emptied, cleaned, disinfected and dried, and all worn surfaces were repaired. The animals were removed to temporary sheds situated 0–100m from the piggery unit. Only the sows and the boar returned to the piggery unit. All other pigs were sold from the sheds within 3 months after the eradication. Immediately after the eradication, the clinical postweaning diarrhea disappeared. The success of the program was monitored four times bacteriologically, and the last control sampling was in December 1999, 7 months after the total withdrawal of antimicrobial feed additives. The primary cultures from the last three samplings were also analysed withB. pilosicoli-specific PCR. All the samples were negative forB. pilosicoli. However,B. innocenscould be isolated from each batch of samples. The analysis ofB. inno-censisolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated that at least one genotype persisted in the herd. The clinical and laboratory findings suggest that the eradication ofB. pilosicolihad succeeded in this herd
Evolution and function of tandem repeats in the major surface protein 1a of the ehrlichial pathogenAnaplasma marginale
Authors: de la Fuente José , Garcia-Garcia Jose C. , Blouin Edmour F. , Rodríguez Sergio D. , García Migel A. , Kocan Katherine M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe major surface protein (MSP) 1a of the ehrlichial cattle pathogenAnaplasma marginale, encoded by the single-copy genemsp1α, has been shown to have a neutralization-sensitive epitope and to be an adhesin for bovine erythrocytes and tick cells.msp1αhas been found to be a stable genetic marker for the identification of geographic isolates ofA. marginalethroughout development in acutely and persistently infected cattle and in ticks. The molecular weight of MSP1a varies among geographic isolates ofA. marginalebecause of a varying number of tandemly repeated peptides of 28–29 amino acids. Variation in the sequence of the tandem repeats occurs within and among isolates, and may have resulted from evolutionary pressures exerted by ligand–receptor and host–parasite interactions. These repeated sequences include markers for tick transmissibility that may be important in the identification of ehrlichial pathogens because they may influence control strategies and the design of subunit vaccines.
Latin as a Common Language: The Coherence of Lorenzo Valla’s Humanist Program
Authors: Nauta Lodi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn his critique of the language and thought of the Scholastics, Lorenzo Valla contrasts classical Latin as a natural, common language to the so-called artificial, technical, and unnatural language of his opponents. He famously champions Quintilian’s view that one should follow common linguistic usage. Scholars, however, have disagreed about the precise interpretation of these qualifications of Latin. This article argues that, depending on the historical, rhetorical, and argumentative contexts, Valla uses notions such as common and natural in different ways to suit different purposes. Such a contextualized reading has repercussions for an evaluation of the coherence of Valla’s humanist program.
ASGART: fast and parallel genome scale segmental duplications mapping
Authors: Delehelle Franklin , Cussat-Blanc Sylvain , Alliot Jean-Marc , Luga Hervé , Balaresque Patricia 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Segmental Duplications (SDs) are DNA fragments longer than 1 kbp, distributed within and between chromosomes and sharing more than 90% identity. Although they hold a significant role in genomic fluidity and adaptability, many key questions about their intrinsic characteristics and mutability remain unsolved due to the persistent difficulty of sequencing highly duplicated genomic regions. The recent development of long and linked-read NGS technologies will increase the need to search for SDs in genomes newly sequenced with these technics. The main limitation of SD analysis will soon be the availability of efficient detection software, to retrieve and compare SD genomic component between species or lineages.

Results
In this paper, we present the open-source ASGART, ‘A Segmental duplications Gathering And Refining Tool’, developed to search for segmental duplications (SDs) in any assembled sequence. We have tested and benchmarked ASGART on five models organisms. Our results demonstrate ASGART’s ability to extract SDs from any genome-wide sequence, regardless of genomic size or organizational complexity and quicker than any other software available.

Availability and implementation
The online version of ASGART is available at http://asgart.irit.fr. The source code of ASGART is available both on the ASGART website and at https://github.com/delehef/asgart.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Relationships Between Tau and Glucose Metabolism Reflect Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in Cognitively Normal Older Adults
Authors: Adams Jenna N , Lockhart Samuel N , Li Lexin , Jagust William J 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Tau is associated with hypometabolism in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. In normal aging, the association between tau and glucose metabolism is not fully characterized. We used [18F] AV-1451, [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose, and [11C] Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) PET to measure associations between tau and glucose metabolism in cognitively normal older adults (N = 49). Participants were divided into amyloid-negative (PiB–, n = 28) and amyloid-positive (PiB+, n = 21) groups to determine effects of amyloid-β. We assessed both local and across-brain regional tau–glucose metabolism associations separately in PiB–/PiB+ groups using correlation matrices and sparse canonical correlations. Relationships between tau and glucose metabolism differed by amyloid status, and were primarily spatially distinct. In PiB– subjects, tau was associated with broad regions of increased glucose metabolism. In PiB+ subjects, medial temporal lobe tau was associated with widespread hypometabolism, while tau outside of the medial temporal lobe was associated with decreased and increased glucose metabolism. We further found that regions with earlier tau spread were associated with stronger negative correlations with glucose metabolism. Our findings indicate that in normal aging, low levels of tau are associated with a phase of increased metabolism, while high levels of tau in the presence of amyloid-β are associated with hypometabolism at downstream sites.
Systematic review: methodological flaws in racial/ethnic reporting for gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Craven M R , Kia L , O’Dwyer L C , Stern E , Taft T H , Keefer L 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYHealth care disparities affecting the care of multiple disease groups are of growing concern internationally. Research guidelines, governmental institutions, and scientific journals have attempted to minimize disparities through policies regarding the collection and reporting of racial/ethnic data. One area where shortcomings remain is in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This systematic review, which adheres to the PRISMA statement, focuses on characterizing existing methodological weaknesses in research focusing on studies regarding the assessment, prevalence, treatment, and outcomes of GERD patients. Search terms included GERD and typical symptoms of GERD in ethnic groups or minorities. We reviewed 62 articles. The majority of studies did not report the race/ethnicity of all participants, and among those who did, very few followed accepted guidelines. While there were diverse participants, there was also diversity in the manner in which groups were labeled, making comparisons difficult. There appeared to be a disparity with respect to countries reporting race/ethnicity, with certain countries more likely to report this variable. Samples overwhelmingly consisted of the study country's majority population. The majority of studies justified the use of race/ethnicity as a study variable and investigated conceptually related factors such as socioeconomic status and environment. Yet, many studies wrote as if race/ethnicity reflected biological differences. Despite recommendations, it appears that GERD researchers around the world struggle with the appropriate and standard way to include, collect, report, and discuss race/ethnicity. Recommendations on ways to address these issues are included with the goal of preventing and identifying health care disparities.
New Opioid Analgesic Approvals and Outpatient Utilization of Opioid Analgesics in the United States, 1997 through 2015
Authors: Chai Grace , Xu Jing , Osterhout James , Liberatore Mark A. , Miller Kathleen L. , Wolff Carolyn , Cruz Marisa , Lurie Peter , Dal Pan Gerald 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
The opioid epidemic, driven in part by increased prescribing, is a public health emergency. This study examines dispensed prescription patterns and approvals of new opioid analgesic products to investigate whether the introduction of these new drugs increases prescribing.

Methods
Prescribing patterns based on dispensed prescription claims from the U.S. retail setting were assessed with new brand and generic opioid analgesic products approved in the United States from 1997 through 2015.

Results
From 1997 through 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Silver Spring, Maryland) approved 263 opioid analgesic products, including 33 brand products. Dispensed prescriptions initially increased 80% from 145 million prescriptions in 1997 to a peak of 260 million prescriptions in 2012 before decreasing by 12% to 228 million prescriptions in 2015. Morphine milligram equivalents dispensed per prescription increased from 486 in 1997 to a peak of 950 in 2010, before decreasing to 905 in 2015. In 2015, generic products accounted for 96% (218/228 million prescriptions) of all opioid analgesic prescriptions dispensed. The remaining prescriptions were dispensed for brand products, of which nearly half were dispensed for one brand product (OxyContin, Purdue, USA).

Conclusions
There has been a dramatic increase in prescriptions dispensed for opioid analgesics since 1997 and an increasing number of opioid analgesic approvals; however, the number of prescriptions dispensed has declined since 2012 despite an increasing number of approvals. Examination of dispensed prescriptions shows a shifting and complex market where multiple factors likely influence prescribing; the approval of new products alone may not be sufficient to be a primary driver of increased prescribing.