bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of suspended particulate matter across the continental margin in the Canadian Beaufort Sea during summer
Authors: Ehn Jens K. , Reynolds Rick A. , Stramski Dariusz , Doxaran David , Lansard Bruno , Babin Marcel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The particulate beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm,
cp(660), was measured in conjunction with properties of suspended
particle assemblages in August 2009 within the Canadian Beaufort Sea
continental margin, a region heavily influenced by freshwater and sediment
discharge from the Mackenzie River, but also by sea ice melt. The mass
concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) ranged from 0.04 to 140 g m−3, its composition varied from mineral to organic dominated, and the
median particle diameter determined over the range 0.7–120 µm varied
from 0.78 to 9.45 µm, with the fraction of particles <1 µm in
surface waters reflecting the degree influenced by river water. Despite this
range in particle characteristics, a strong relationship between SPM and
cp(660) was found and used to determine SPM distributions across
the shelf based on measurements of cp(660) taken during summer
seasons of 2004, 2008, and 2009. SPM spatial patterns on the stratified shelf
reflected the vertically sheared two-layer estuarine circulation and SPM
sources (i.e., fluvial inputs, bottom resuspension, and biological
productivity). Along-shelf winds generated lateral Ekman flows, isopycnal
movements, and upwelling or downwelling at the shelf break. Cross-shelf
transects measured during three summers illustrate how sea ice meltwater
affects river plume extent, while the presence of meltwater on the shelf was
associated with enhanced near-bottom SPM during return flow of upwelled
Pacific-origin water. SPM decreased sharply past the shelf break with further
transport of particulate matter occurring near the bottom and in interleaving
nepheloid layers. These findings expand our knowledge of particle
distributions in the Beaufort Sea controlled by river discharge, sea ice, and
wind, each of which is sensitive to weather and climate variations.
The multi-scale structure of atmospheric energetic constraints on globally averaged precipitation
Authors: Nogueira Miguel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This study presents a multi-scale analysis of cross-correlations based on
Haar fluctuations of globally averaged anomalies of precipitation (P),
precipitable water vapor (PWV), surface temperature (T), and atmospheric
radiative fluxes. The results revealed an emergent transition between weak
correlations at sub-yearly timescales (down to ∼5 days) to
strong correlations at timescales larger than about ∼1–2 years (up to
∼1 decade). At multiyear timescales, (i) Clausius–Clapeyron becomes the dominant control of PWV
(ρPWV,T≈0.9), (ii) surface temperature averaged over
global land and over global ocean (sea surface temperature, SST) become strongly correlated (ρTland,SST∼0.6); (iii) globally averaged precipitation
variability is dominated by energetic constraints, specifically the surface
downwelling longwave radiative flux (DLR) (ρP,DLR≈-0.8)
displayed stronger correlations than the direct response to T fluctuations,
and
(iv) cloud effects are negligible for the energetic constraints in (iii),
which are dominated by clear-sky DLR. At sub-yearly timescales, all
correlations underlying these four results decrease abruptly towards
negligible values. Such a transition has important implications for
understanding and quantifying the climate sensitivity of the global hydrological
cycle. The validity of the derived correlation structure is demonstrated by
reconstructing global precipitation time series at 2-year resolution,
relying on the emergent strong correlations (P vs. clear-sky DLR). Such a
simple linear sensitivity model was able to reproduce observed P anomaly
time series with similar accuracy to an (uncoupled) atmospheric model
(ERA-20CM) and two climate reanalysis (ERA-20C and 20CR). The linear
sensitivity breaks down at sub-yearly timescales, whereby the underlying
correlations become negligible. Finally, the relevance of the multi-scale
framework and its potential for stochastic downscaling applications are
demonstrated by deriving accurate monthly P probability density functions (PDFs)
from the reconstructed 2-year P time series based on scale-invariant
arguments alone. The derived monthly PDFs outperform the statistics
simulated by ERA-20C, 20CR, and ERA-20CM in reproducing observations.
Multicore structures and the splitting and merging of eddies in global oceans from satellite altimeter data
Authors: Cui Wei , Wang Wei , Zhang Jie , Yang Jungang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This study investigated the statistics of eddy splitting and
merging in the global oceans based on 23 years of altimetry data. Multicore
structures were identified using an improved geometric closed-contour
algorithm of sea surface height. Splitting and merging events were discerned
from continuous time series maps of sea level anomalies. Multicore
structures represent an intermediate stage in the process of eddy evolution,
similar to the generation of multiple nuclei in a cell as a preparatory
phase for cell division. Generally, splitting or merging events can
substantially change (by a factor of 2 or more) the eddy scale, amplitude, and
eddy kinetic energy. Specifically, merging (splitting) generally causes an
increase (decrease) of eddy properties. Multicore eddies were found to tend
to split into two eddies with different intensities. Similarly, eddy merging
is not an interaction of two equal-intensity eddies, and it tends to
manifest as a strong eddy merging with a weaker one. A hybrid tracking
strategy based on the eddy overlap ratio, considering both multicore and
single-core eddies, was used to confirm splitting and merging events
globally. The census revealed that eddy splitting and merging do not always
occur most frequently in eddy-rich regions; e.g., their frequencies of
occurrence in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and western boundary
currents were found to be greater than in midlatitude regions
(20–35∘) to the north and south. Eddy splitting and merging
are caused primarily by an unstable configuration of multicore structures
due to obvious current– or eddy–topography interaction, strong current
variation, and eddy–mean flow interaction.
A key factor initiating surface ablation of Arctic sea ice: earlier and increasing liquid precipitation
Authors: Dou Tingfeng , Xiao Cunde , Liu Jiping , Han Wei , Du Zhiheng , Mahoney Andrew R. , Jones Joshua , Eicken Hajo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Snow plays an important role in the Arctic climate system,
modulating heat transfer in terrestrial and marine environments and
controlling feedbacks. Changes in snow depth over Arctic sea ice,
particularly in spring, have a strong impact on the surface energy budget,
influencing ocean heat loss, ice growth and surface ponding. Snow conditions
are sensitive to the phase (solid or liquid) of deposited precipitation.
However, variability and potential trends of rain-on-snow events over Arctic
sea ice and their role in sea-ice losses are poorly understood. Time series
of surface observations at Utqiaġvik, Alaska, reveal rapid reduction in
snow depth linked to late-spring rain-on-snow events. Liquid precipitation
is key in preconditioning and triggering snow ablation through reduction in
surface albedo as well as latent heat release determined by rainfall amount,
supported by field observations beginning in 2000 and model results.
Rainfall was found to accelerate warming and ripening of the snowpack, with
even small amounts (such as 0.3 mm recorded on 24 May 2017)
triggering the transition from the warming phase into the ripening phase.
Subsequently, direct heat input drives snowmelt, with water content of the
snowpack increasing until meltwater output occurs, with an associated rapid
decrease in snow depth. Rainfall during the ripening phase can further raise
water content in the snow layer, prompting onset of the meltwater output
phase in the snowpack. First spring rainfall in Utqiaġvik has been
observed to shift to earlier dates since the 1970s, in particular after the
mid-1990s. Early melt season rainfall and its fraction of total annual
precipitation also exhibit an increasing trend. These changes of
precipitation over sea ice may have profound impacts on ice melt through
feedbacks involving earlier onset of surface melt.
Blackened Debate at the End of the World
Authors: Kelsie Amber E. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTAt the End of the World there is blackness doing the (im)possible. This essay considers the (im)possibility of debate in our contemporary crisis through an examination of the domestication of potentiality in rhetorical dialectic. Debate, in its presupposition of stasis, parallels sovereignty's ontologizing operations of antiblack racial terror that suspend contingency. Meanwhile, blackness was already getting it done. The U.S. Civil War serves as a privileged example for thinking through blackness as the groundless constitutive outside to the possible that yet gestures toward other generative moments found in refusal of the disappointing options that pass for politics offered to us today.
Direct admission to a surgical service reduces hospital length of stay for patients with biliary disease
Authors: Corwin Gregory S. , Reif Rebecca , Sexton Kevin W. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Biliary tract disease is a common condition often necessitating surgical intervention. It has been suggested that categorically admitting these patients to a surgical service rather than a medical service may improve patient outcomes. Our objective was to assess the impact of a protocol change that mandated preferentially admitting patients with biliary disease to a surgical service.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of patients presenting with biliary disease to a single institution before and after a protocol change that mandated admitting these patients directly to a surgical service. A generalized linear regression model was conducted to analyze the effect of practice change on length of stay, which was primary studied outcome.Results: A total of 3,389 patients were included in the study (n = 1,866 for pre, and n=1,523 for post). There was no difference in hospital length of stay between pre and post groups for non-operative patients (1.9 days ± 4.3 versus 1.9 days ±5.2, p = .972). However, for operative patients, length of stay was shorter for the post group (4.1 days ± 6.1 vs 6.3 days ± 14.0, p = .066). The linear regression model found that operative patients had an increased probability of having a longer length of stay (coefficient, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.14, 0.29; p < .001).Conclusion: Admission of patients with biliary disease to a surgical service rather than a medical service is associated with shorter length of stay for patients who undergo an operative intervention. An approach of admitting all patients presenting with biliary disease to a surgical service has the potential to significantly reduce hospital costs. Our study supports primary responsibility for surgeons in the care of patients with potentially operative conditions.
Shoulder Arthroplasty for a Fracture Is Not the Same as Shoulder Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis: Implications for a Bundled Payment Model
Authors: Malik Azeem Tariq , Bishop Julie Y. , Neviaser Andrew S. , Beals Corey T. , Jain Nikhil , Khan Safdar N. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:
The Center for Medicare Services currently bundles all shoulder arthroplasties, total shoulder arthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, into one Diagnosis-Related Group on which bundled reimbursements are then further characterized. An arthroplasty performed for traumatic indications, such as fractures, may have a different postoperative course of care compared with the one being done for degenerative arthritis/osteoarthritis (OA), despite having the same Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and Diagnosis-related Group code.

Methods:
The 2012 to 2016 American College of Surgeons—National Surgical Quality Improvement Program databases were queried using CPT-23472 to retrieve records of patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty/reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for degenerative arthritis/OA or proximal humerus fracture.

Results:
A total of 8,283 (92.5%) and 667 (7.5%) patients underwent a shoulder arthroplasty for OA and proximal humeral fracture, respectively. After adjustment, the fracture group was associated with a higher risk for a longer length of stay of >2 days (P < 0.001), 30-day surgical complications (P = 0.005), revision surgeries within 30 days (P = 0.008), 30-day medical complications (P < 0.001), pulmonary embolism (P = 0.013), postoperative transfusions (P < 0.001), non-home discharge (P < 0.001), and 30-day readmissions (P < 0.001).

Discussion:
Shoulder arthroplasty is associated with higher resource utilization when this procedure is performed for a fracture. As we move toward the era of bundled payment models, an appropriate risk adjustment based on the indication of surgery should be promoted to maintain the quality of care for all patients.
Air Pollutants Exposure with Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function among Primary School Children nearby Heavy Traffic Area in Kajang
Authors: Arifuddin Azizul Ashraff , Jalaludin Juliana , Hisamuddin Nur Hazirah 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The high loading of air pollutants in heavy traffic area has urged researcher to pay greater attention as it frequently associated with significant health impact particularly among children. This study aims to determine the association between traffic-related air pollutants and respiratory health among Malay primary school children in heavy traffic area and low traffic area. A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out among Malay children in heavy traffic area (N=69, Kajang) and low traffic area (N=69, Hulu Langat) areas. Air quality monitoring was conducted in 6 primary schools which include parameters of PM10, PM2.5, ultrafine particles (UFP), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). A set of standardized questionnaire was distributed to obtain respondents’ background information, exposure history and respiratory health symptoms. Spirometry test was carried out to determine the lung function of the respondents. Traffic count survey was conducted at two time intervals per day (7.00-7.30 am and 1.00-1.30 pm). The result showed that there is a significant difference between concentration of PM10 [t=22.37; p≤0.001], PM2.5 [t=9.73; p≤0.001], UFP [Z= -3.36; p=0.001], NO2 [t=5.73; p=0.001], SO2 [t=6.88; p≤0.001] and CO2 [t=15.67; p≤0.001] in school in exposed and comparative area. Lung function abnormalities found in children in exposed area was 3 times higher than comparative area. All respiratory symptoms show significant difference between both exposed and comparative groups. All pollutants show a significant association with lung function abnormality among the respondents. The finding indicated that higher PM10 and PM2.5 will increase the FVC abnormality by 4 and 6 times of getting FVC abnormality and increase the FVC abnormality by 2 and 3 times of getting FEV1 abnormality. The finding concluded that exposures to traffic-related air pollutants, especially PM10, PM2.5 increase the risk of getting lung function abnormality and respiratory health symptoms among respondents.
Potential Diversified Transportation Energy Mix Solutions for the ASEAN Countries
Authors: Oka Kazutaka , Mizutani Wataru , Ichikawa Shoichi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate potential diversified transportation energy source solutions and their effective use up to 2030 in order to establish sustainable energy use in road transportation. Five Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries (Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam) are examined by considering their economy, energy status, and automotive market scale. In this study, existing energy policies, fuel supply, demand status, petroleum and alternative fuel products, such as natural gas and biofuels, and oil refining/biofuels production capacity are investigated as components of energy mixing. If there are gaps between oil reduction targets and Business as Usual (BAU) consumption, or the required amount of biofuel use to achieve introduction target and possible supply, measures such as improved new vehicle fuel economy, adjustment of biofuel utilization, and natural gas utilization are considered to minimize gaps or to meet policy targets. An appropriate and cost-effective combination of measures is proposed as an alternative case for each country’s needs. Results show that biofuel utilization is one of the measures that is crucial in meeting policy targets. Even in the alternative case, however, estimated demand volume of biofuel exceeds domestic supply volume in some countries, while estimated demand volume of biofuel is lower than domestic supply volume in other countries. In order to solve these gaps and cultivate bio-fuel security within the ASEAN region, a concept of multi-national cooperation of biofuel is proposed. Creating policies to diminish barriers that prevent the trade of biofuels between neighboring countries is the key to success.
Construire la mémoire d’une communauté : le cas de la francophonie ontarienne
Authors: Hotte Lucie 
Published: April 2019

Cet article explore certaines pistes de réflexion au sujet des rapports entre la valorisation du patrimoine culturel, la préservation de la mémoire collective et la constitution de fonds d’archives, leur numérisation et leur diffusion en ligne à partir de l’expérience acquise lors d’un projet de recherche financé par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada intitulé « Construction d’une mémoire française à Ottawa » (projet dirigé par Anne Gilbert). Après une brève présentation du projet, l’article se penche sur les rôles que jouent la mémoire et, conséquemment, les archives pour les communautés minoritaires, puis réfléchit à l’apport des outils numériques pour la préservation du patrimoine culturel et sa diffusion.
Accroitre sa performance académique : le rôle des préférences d’apprentissage
Authors: Benoit-Chabot Gabrielle , Denis Pascale L. 
Published: April 2019

Individuellement, l’aptitude cognitive générale, la personnalité et les préférences d’apprentissage prédisent la performance académique. Or, l’interaction entre ces variables dans la prédiction de la performance demeure méconnue. Selon Furnham (1995), les préférences d’apprentissage modèreraient la relation entre l’aptitude cognitive générale et la performance, ainsi qu’entre la personnalité et la performance. L’objectif de cette étude consiste à tester empiriquement cette idée. Pour ce faire, les résultats de 192 étudiant⋅e⋅s universitaires à divers tests (c’est-à-dire Wonderlic [1992], NEO PI-3 [2010] et l’inventaire des styles d’apprentissage de Kolb [2005]) ont été mis en lien avec des mesures de performance académique. Les résultats suggèrent que seule la préférence pour l’expérimentation active modèrerait la relation entre le facteur Conscience et la performance académique. Plus précisément, les étudiant⋅e⋅s consciencieux⋅euses obtiendraient de meilleurs résultats à l’examen final lorsqu’ils ou elles ont une préférence pour l’apprentissage par expérimentation active. Les implications théoriques (pour le modèle de Furnham) et empiriques seront discutées.
LA PREUVE PSYCHOLOGIQUE DEVANT LES TRIBUNAUX : BARRIÈRES COMMUNICATIONNELLES ET ÉPISTÉMIQUES
Authors: Da Silva Guerreiro Joao , Poitras Karine , Casoni Dianne , Leclerc Philippe 
Published: April 2019

Le présent article vise à documenter les défis liés à la communication entre décideurs judiciaires et psychologues experts, leurs rôles différents et besoins respectifs de même que les difficultés des psychologues experts à traduire les connaissances en psychologie au profit de meilleures décisions judiciaires. Trois concepts psychologiques seront examinés plus attentivement : la dangerosité, la capacité parentale et le meilleur intérêt de l’enfant. Nous rappellerons les besoins de formation spécialisée à la lumière des défis identifiés ainsi que l’importance d’une utilisation éthique des connaissances dans le domaine de la psychologie pour éclairer les tribunaux.
Regard sur la justice sociale à travers la situation des mères qui ont un enfant placé par les services de protection de l’enfance
Authors: Noël Julie 
Published: April 2019

Cet article présente une réflexion critique sur la situation des mères d’enfants placés jusqu’à leur majorité à la lumière de définitions de la justice sociale. Plusieurs auteurs contemporains placent la reconnaissance de la dignité des personnes au coeur de leur définition, comme le démontrent les écrits d’Axel Honneth, d’Emmanuel Renault et de Nancy Fraser. La conceptualisation de la justice sociale selon ces trois auteurs est sommairement présentée, afin de mettre en exergue quelques-unes de leurs particularités, et surtout, de montrer comment ces définitions peuvent se traduire lorsqu’on examine la situation de ces mères.
Les problèmes de qualification de la compétence internationale des tribunaux québécois : la solution réside dans l’alliance du Code de procédure civile et du Code civil du Québec
Authors: Guillemard Sylvette 
Published: April 2019

Le Code de procédure civile répartit les règles de compétence des tribunaux de première instance en deux catégories parfaitement étiquetées, soit la compétence matérielle et la compétence territoriale. À chacune correspondent des particularités propres — et opposées —, notamment en ce qui a trait au rôle des personnes concernées et à la mise en oeuvre des moyens déclinatoires.
Lorsque le litige comporte un élément d’extranéité, la compétence directe des tribunaux québécois est prévue dans le livre X du Code civil du Québec et le codificateur l’a intitulée « compétence internationale ». Il est pourtant absolument nécessaire de la ranger dans une catégorie connue en droit interne pour des raisons procédurales.
Certains, peu versés dans le droit international privé, pourraient penser que la question ne présente pas de difficulté et que la réponse est simple, tant elle paraît évidente. Pourtant, le chemin qui mène de l’une à l’autre en passant par le Code civil et le Code de procédure civile est semé d’embûches, presque de pièges, qu’une analyse fine et minutieuse permet à la fois de déceler et de surmonter. Il faut en outre déplorer que le législateur n’ait pas réglé le problème à l’occasion de la récente réforme du Code de procédure civile, le maintenant ainsi dans un flou peu salutaire.