bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐frequency resistance training does not promote greater muscular adaptations compared to low frequencies in young untrained men
Authors: Barcelos Cintia , Damas Felipe , Nóbrega Sanmy Rocha , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Lixandrão Manoel Emílio , Marcelino Eder Dos Santos Lucas , Libardi Cleiton Augusto 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the effect of resistance training (RT) frequencies of five times (RT5), thrice‐ (RT3) or twice‐ (RT2) weekly in muscle strength and hypertrophy in young men. Were used a within‐subjects design in which 20 participants had one leg randomly assigned to RT5 and the other to RT3 or to RT2. 1 RM and muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) were assessed at baseline, after four (W4) and eight (W8) RT weeks. RT5 resulted in greater total training volume (TTV) than RT3 and RT2 (P = .001). 1 RM increased similarly between protocols at W4 (RT5: 55 ± 9 Kg, effect size (ES): 1.18; RT3: 51 ± 11 Kg, ES: 0.80; RT2: 54 ± 7 Kg, ES: 1.13; P < .0001) and W8 (RT5: 62 ± 11 Kg, ES: 1.81; RT3: 57 ± 11 Kg, ES: 1.40; RT2: 60 ± 8 Kg, ES: 1.98; P < .0001) vs. baseline (RT5: 45 ± 9 Kg; RT3: 42 ± 11 Kg; RT2: 46 ± 7 Kg). CSA increased similarly between protocols at W4 (RT5: 24.6 ± 3.9 cm2, ES: 0.54; RT3: 22.0 ± 4.6 cm2, ES: 0.19; RT2: ES: 0.25; 23.8 ± 3.8 cm2; P < .001), and W8 (RT5: 25.3 ± 4.3 cm2; ES: 0.69; RT3: 23.6 ± 4.2 cm2, ES: 0.58; RT2: 25.5 ± 3.7 cm2; ES: 0.70; P < .0001) vs. baseline (RT5: 22.5 ± 3.8 cm2; RT3: 21.2 ± 4.0 cm2; RT2: 22.9 ± 3.8 cm2). Performing RT5, RT3 and RT2 a week result in similar muscle strength increase and hypertrophy, despite higher TTV for RT5.
Enhanced response of global wetland methane emissions to the 2015–2016 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zimmermann Niklaus E , Calle Leonardo , Hurtt George , Chatterjee Abhishek , Poulter Benjamin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Wetlands are thought to be the major contributor to interannual variability in the growth rate of atmospheric methane (CH4) with anomalies driven by the influence of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Yet it remains unclear whether (i) the increase in total global CH4 emissions during El Niño versus La Niña events is from wetlands and (ii) how large the contribution of wetland CH4 emissions is to the interannual variability of atmospheric CH4. We used a terrestrial ecosystem model that includes permafrost and wetland dynamics to estimate CH4 emissions, forced by three separate meteorological reanalyses and one gridded observational climate dataset, to simulate the spatio-temporal dynamics of wetland CH4 emissions from 1980–2016. The simulations show that while wetland CH4 responds with negative annual anomalies during the El Niño events, the instantaneous growth rate of wetland CH4 emissions exhibits complex phase dynamics. We find that wetland CH4 instantaneous growth rates were declined at the onset of the 2015–2016 El Niño event but then increased to a record-high at later stages of the El Niño event (January through May 2016). We also find evidence for a step increase of CH4 emissions by 7.8±1.6 Tg CH4 yr−1 during 2007–2014 compared to the average of 2000–2006 from simulations using meteorological reanalyses, which is equivalent to a ~3.5 ppb yr−1 rise in CH4 concentrations. The step increase is mainly caused by the expansion of wetland area in the tropics (30°S–30°N) due to an enhancement of tropical precipitation as indicated by the suite of the meteorological reanalyses. Our study highlights the role of wetlands, and the complex temporal phasing with ENSO, in driving the variability and trends of atmospheric CH4 concentrations. In addition, the need to account for uncertainty in meteorological forcings is highlighted in addressing the interannual variability and decadal-scale trends of wetland CH4 fluxes.
The Rényi divergence enables accurate and precise cluster analysis for localization microscopy
Authors: Staszowska Adela D , Fox-Roberts Patrick , Hirvonen Liisa M , Peddie Christopher J , Collinson Lucy M , Jones Gareth E , Cox Susan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMotivationClustering analysis is a key technique for quantitatively characterizing structures in localization microscopy images. To build up accurate information about biological structures, it is critical that the quantification is both accurate (close to the ground truth) and precise (has small scatter and is reproducible).ResultsHere, we describe how the Rényi divergence can be used for cluster radius measurements in localization microscopy data. We demonstrate that the Rényi divergence can operate with high levels of background and provides results which are more accurate than Ripley’s functions, Voronoi tesselation or DBSCAN.Availability and implementationThe data supporting this research and the software described are accessible at the following site: https://dx.doi.org/10.18742/RDM01-316. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to the corresponding author.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Improved design and analysis of CRISPR knockout screens
Authors: Chen Chen-Hao , Xiao Tengfei , Xu Han , Jiang Peng , Meyer Clifford A , Li Wei , Brown Myles , Liu X Shirley 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Genome-wide clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 screen has been widely used to interrogate gene functions. However, the rules to design better libraries beg further refinement.

Results
We found single guide RNA (sgRNA) outliers are characterized by higher G-nucleotide counts, especially in regions distal from the PAM motif and are associated with stronger off-target activities. Furthermore, using non-targeting sgRNAs as negative controls lead to strong bias, which can be mitigated by using sgRNAs targeting multiple ‘safe harbor’ regions. Custom-designed screens confirmed our findings and further revealed that 19 nt sgRNAs consistently gave the best signal-to-noise ratio. Collectively, our analysis motivated the design of a new genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen library and uncovered some intriguing properties of the CRISPR-Cas9 system.

Availability and implementation
The MAGeCK workflow is available open source at https://bitbucket.org/liulab/mageck_nest under the MIT license.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Risk Factors for Self-Reported Cholera Within HIV-Affected Households in Rural Haiti
Authors: Richterman Aaron , Cheung Hoi Ching , Meiselbach Mark K , Jerome Gregory , Ternier Ralph , Ivers Louise C 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Cholera continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is now endemic in Haiti since first being introduced in 2010. Cholera and HIV have significant geographic overlap globally, but little is known about the clinical features and risk of cholera among HIV-infected people and their households.

Methods
We assessed HIV-affected households originally recruited for a randomized controlled trial of food supplements. We assessed for correlation between household and individual factors and reported history of cholera since 2010 using univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results
There were 352 HIV-infected household members, 32 with reported history of medically attended cholera, and 1968 other household members, 55 with reported history of medically attended cholera. Among HIV-infected individuals in this study, no variables correlated with reported history of cholera in univariable analyses. Among all household members, known HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.75; 95% CI, 2.43–5.79; P &lt; .0001), source of income in the household (AOR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.05–3.15; P = .034), time required to fetch water (AOR, 1.07 per 5-minute increase; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12; P = .015), and severe household food insecurity (AOR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.25–8.34; P = .016) were correlated with reported history of cholera in a multivariable analysis.

Conclusions
Known HIV infection, source of household income, time required to fetch water, and severe household food insecurity were independently associated with reported history of medically attended cholera in HIV-affected households in rural Haiti. Further research is required to better understand the interactions between HIV and cholera.
Optimizing Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy Techniques: A New Reduction Plier to Increase Technical Safety and Angular Reduction Efficiency
Authors: Faundez Antonio , Le Huec Jean-Charles , Hansen Lars V , Poh Ling Fong , Gehrchen Martin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is a technically demanding surgery. There is room for development of osteotomy reduction instruments like the one we present in this study, to better guide angular correction and closure of the osteotomy line.

OBJECTIVE
To present a new surgical instrument that optimizes PSOs of the thoracolumbar spine.

METHODS
Seventeen consecutive patients have been treated at 3 different European University Hospitals. All underwent a PSO of the lumbar spine to treat major sagittal imbalance. The amount of vertebral angular correction needed was calculated using the full balance integrated (FBI) method. A special plier, which allows to safely control the angular correction, was used intraoperatively. Preoperative and early postoperative global sagittal balance parameters were compared.

RESULTS
The mean preoperative calculated correction angle (FBI) was 33.8°; the mean postoperative correction obtained was 32.1°. Lumbar lordosis was statistically greater than preoperatively (55.8° vs 19.4°, P < .0001). The global sagittal balance was improved, as shown by the increase of the spino-sacral angle from 122° preoperatively to 128° postoperatively (P = .0547). None of the patients had an intraoperative or early postoperative neurologic complication. There were no mechanical intraoperative complications during correction nor at the first postoperative follow-up.

CONCLUSION
The advantages of the instrument are safe, precise, and efficient reduction, by a rotation of the pedicle screws close to the osteotomy line, thus avoiding collapse and lack of correction, complications usually seen with the conventional technique. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
First photometric analysis of magnetic activity and orbital period variations for the semi-detached binary BU Vulpeculae
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zhang Bin , Yu Jing , Liu Liang , Tian Xiaoman 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Four sets of multi-color CCD photometric observations of the close binary BU Vul were carried out for four successive months in 2010. From our observations, there are obvious variations and asymmetry of light curves on the timescale of a month, indicating high-level stellar spot activity on the surface of at least one component. The Wilson–Devinney (2010) program was used to determine the photometric solutions, which suggest that BU Vul is a semi-detached binary with the cool, less massive component filling with the critical Roche lobe. The solutions also reveal that the spots on the primary and the secondary have changed and drifted in 2010 July, August, and September. Based on analysis of the O − C curves of BU Vul, its orbital period shows a cyclic oscillation (T3 = 22.4 yr, A3 = 0.0029 d) superimposed on a secular increase. The continuous increase is possibly a result of mass transfer from the less massive component to the more massive one at a rate of dM/dt = −2.95 × 10−9 M⊙ yr−1. The cyclic variation maybe be caused by the presence of a tertiary companion with extremely low luminosity. Combined with the distortions of the light curve on 2009 November 4, we infer that BU Vul has two additional companions in a quadruple system.
Flibanserin for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women
Authors: Clements Jennifer N. , Thompson Brittany 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Flibanserin is a mixed 5-HT1A agonist and 5-HT2A antagonist for treatment of premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. It is the first FDA-approved treatment for this disorder and can improve the number of satisfying sexual events. The drug has been associated with hypotension and syncope.
PAs reduce rounding interruptions in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Hascall Rebecca L. , Perkins R. Serene , Kmiecik Lauren , Gupta Priya R. , Shelak Carolyn F. , Demirel Shaban , Buchholz Mark T. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
We investigated the proportion of encounters that were interrupted during family-centered rounds in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) to determine whether the use of a physician assistant (PA) significantly affected the proportion of interrupted encounters.

Methods:
We evaluated 2,657 rounding encounters in our 24-bed regional referral unit. The duration of each rounding encounter and total rounding duration were recorded. The presence or absence of a PA during each rounding encounter, the occurrence of an interruption, and other potential predictors of interruptions were recorded.

Results:
The presence of a PA during PICU rounds was significantly associated (P < .001) with a 35.4% lower likelihood of an interruption.

Conclusions:
Family-centered rounds in the PICU are less likely to be interrupted when a PA is present. PAs help physicians and improve rounding efficiency by safely and effectively handling certain interruptions.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Mock Code Self-Efficacy Scale
Authors: Oetker-Black Sharon L. , Davis Tammie 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

AIM
This study's purpose is to psychometrically evaluate the Mock Code Self-Efficacy Scale. This tool was developed to measure senior baccalaureate nursing students' level of self-efficacy as it pertains to mock codes.

BACKGROUND
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an essential component of nursing education.

METHOD
The Mock Code Self-Efficacy Scale was analyzed for item characteristics, face validity, content validity, reliability, and dimensionality in a sample of senior-level nursing students (n = 153) enrolled in a critical care nursing course.

RESULTS
The scale was found to be multidimensional with reliabilities ranging from .75 to .87. Items evidenced a ceiling effect, perhaps due to the instruction given prior to completing the instrument. The instrument evidenced both content and face validity.

CONCLUSION
The instrument now can be used to assess if increased self-efficacy is a mediating variable for students to correctly transfer skills learned in a mock code to the clinical setting.
Hemodynamic Management of Patients During Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke Under Conscious Sedation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alcaraz Gabriela , Chui Jason , Schaafsma Joanna , Manninen Pirjo , Porta-Sánchez Andreu , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Venkatraghavan Lashmi 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Anesthetic modality and hemodynamic management during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are potential contributors to the success of revascularization. The aims of our study were to review the hemodynamic management by anesthesiologists and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing MT under conscious sedation.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of patients with anterior circulation AIS from January 2012 to March 2016. Primary outcome was hemodynamic intervention, defined as administration of vasoactive drugs to maintain systolic blood pressure (BP) between 140 and 180 mm Hg. The secondary outcome was poor hemodynamic control, defined as BP outside target for >15 minutes despite hemodynamic intervention. We performed regression analysis to determine the predictors of hemodynamic intervention and poor hemodynamic control.

Results:
A total of 126 patients were included in this study; 92% (116) receiving conscious sedation and 8% (10) no sedation. Upon arrival to the neuroradiology suite, systolic BP was <140 mm Hg in 30.2% of the patients and >180 mm Hg in 14.3%. Hemodynamic intervention was required in 38.9% of patients; 15.1% for hypotension and 19.8% for hypertension. In the multivariate analysis, systolic BP on hospital admission (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.04; P=0.019) constituted a predictor for hemodynamic intervention. Poor hemodynamic control occurred in 12.7% of patients, with lower baseline systolic BP being associated with higher risk of intraprocedural hypotension (odds ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.96; P<0.001). In-hospital mortality was 13.6%.

Conclusions:
Hemodynamic intervention is frequent during MT under conscious sedation. The routine presence of anesthesiologists during MT may be helpful in maintaining hemodynamic stability and allow rapid treatment of emergent complications. An individualized approach with tailored hemodynamic targets is required during management of patients undergoing MT for AIS.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for the Treatment of Symptomatic Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Femoral Head in Patients With Sequelae of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Authors: Lamplot Joseph D. , Schoenecker Perry L. , Pascual-Garrido Cecilia , Nepple Jeffery J. , Clohisy John C. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is estimated to occur in 2% to 7% of patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD). Unstable osteochondral fragments secondary to LCPD may produce mechanical symptoms requiring surgical intervention. Reattachment of the fragment with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) may provide good clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study is to report short-term clinical and radiographic results of ORIF for the treatment of symptomatic osteochondral lesions resulting from LCPD.

Methods:
Clinical data including patient demographics and patient-reported outcome scores were collected prospectively. All patients underwent preoperative radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging confirming an unstable OCD fragment as well as postoperative radiographs at regular intervals. Indications for ORIF of the OCD fragment were hip pain and mechanical symptoms with radiographic evidence of LCPD and a magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating an OCD fragment of the femoral head. Osteochondral fragment instability was confirmed intraoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative physical examination findings were documented. All patients failed a course of nonsurgical treatment (activity modification, anti-inflammatories, and physical therapy).

Results:
From a total of 64 consecutive patients treated with hip preservation surgery for LCPD, 7 patients with symptomatic OCD secondary to LCPD were treated with surgical hip dislocation and ORIF of the femoral head osteochondral fragment. OCD size lesion ranged from 200 to 625 mm2. All patients reported marked clinical improvement, with resolution of both pain and mechanical symptoms. Radiographs at final follow-up demonstrated complete osteochondral fragment healing without implant failure. Mean follow-up was 4.6 years (range, 1.1 to 7.4 y). There was a significant postoperative improvement in measured internal rotation in flexion (5.0±5.0 to 16.4±9.8; P=0.02). Modified Harris Hip Score markedly improved from baseline to final follow-up (47.8 to 82.7; ∆34.9; minimal clinically important difference, 11; P=0.002), with all patients meeting minimal clinically important difference for modified Harris Hip Score. There were no complications and no progression of osteoarthritis in all patients at final follow-up.

Conclusions:
We have demonstrated both predictable radiographic healing and marked clinical improvement following ORIF of symptomatic post-Perthes OCD lesions. We advocate ORIF for symptomatic osteochondral lesions as a first-line surgical treatment for these patients due to the advantages of native osteochondral tissue preservation, predictable healing, and marked clinical improvement.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Endplate Defect Is Heritable, Associated With Low Back Pain and Triggers Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Munir Sabrina , Freidin Maxim B. , Rade Marinko , Määttä Juhani , Livshits Gregory , Williams Frances M.K. 
Published: May 2018

Study Design.
Longitudinal study of spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a large-scale population-based study.

Objective.
To determine the order of appearance of degenerative change in vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. We also sought to define the influence of endplate defect on low back pain (LBP) and to determine whether there is a genetic influence on endplate defect.

Summary of Background Data.
Endplate defect is a magnetic resonance imaging trait, found to be associated with intervertebral disc degeneration. There is a lack of understanding regarding the mechanism underlying lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). Recent attention has shifted to vertebral endplate defects and their role in spine degeneration pathology.

Methods.
Individuals from the TwinsUK spine study having longitudinal T2-weighted lumbar MR scans at baseline (n = 996) and a decade later (n = 438) were included. LDD, vertebral endplate defect by calculating a total endplate score, and Modic change (MC) were assessed using standard techniques. Mixed-effects models were used to determine the association between the features of spine pathology, adjusted for covariates. Endplate defect heritability was estimated using variance component analysis.

Results.
Significant association was found between endplate defect, LDD, MRI features of LDD and MC was observed. Endplate defect was associated with severe disabling LBP (P ≤ 0.013) in multivariate analysis. An association between disc degeneration (DD) at baseline and MC at follow-up was shown at upper lumbar levels. Total endplate score was heritable with estimated additive genetic component A = 55.3% (95% CI 43.0–65.4).

Conclusion.
Endplate defect, LDD, and MC are all independent risk factors for episodes of severe and disabling LBP. Longitudinal analysis showed DD is followed by MC. Endplate defect has significant heritability of 55%. However, whether endplate defect triggers DD or these pathological changes occur concurrently could not be conclusively determined.

Level of Evidence: 2