bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochronology and geochemistry of late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Wenkutu area, Great Xing'an Range, China
Authors: Lu Sheng , Wang Ke‐Yong , Zhao Huan‐Li , Deng Chang‐Zhou 
Published: May 2018

This paper reports on the petrography, geochemistry, and geochronology of late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Wenkutu area of the northern Great Xing'an Range, North‐east China, and discusses the formation age, petrogenesis, and tectonic environment of the Manketouebo, Manitu, Baiyingaolao, and Meiletu formations. Results of Zircon U–Pb dating show that the volcanic rocks in the Wenkutu area were formed during the Early Cretaceous (Manketouebo Formation at 145 ± 1 Ma, Manitu Formation at 141.3 ± 1.7 Ma, Baiyingaolao Formation at 128.7 ± 1.1 Ma, and Meiletu Formation at 129 ± 1 Ma). The Manketouebo, Manitu, and Baiyingaolao formations are dominated by intermediate to acid volcanic rocks that belong to the high‐K calc‐alkaline series, with Eu/Eu* values of 0.38–0.84.They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREE). The Meiletu Formation is dominated by intermediate to basic volcanic rocks, belongs to the high‐K calc‐alkaline series, has Eu/Eu* values of 0.89–0.97, and is enriched in Ba, K, Th, U, La, Ce, Sr, Nd, and Hf but relatively depleted in Nb, Ta, Zr, P, and Ti, with no obvious fractionation of LREE and HREE. Results indicate that the magma of the Manketouebo, Manitu, and Baiyingaolao formations had a crustal origin, whereas the Meiletu Formation was sourced from the mantle and subsequently contaminated by crustal materials. The late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the study area were formed during an orogenic stage, and the compressional environment was caused by subduction of the paleo‐Pacific Plate below the Asian continental plate.
Reducing preference reversals: The role of preference imprecision and nontransparent methods
Authors: Pinto‐Prades José Luis , Sánchez‐Martínez Fernando Ignacio , Abellán‐Perpiñán José María , Martínez‐Pérez Jorge E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPreferences elicited with matching and choice usually diverge (as characterised by preference reversals), violating a basic rationality requirement, namely, procedure invariance. We report the results of an experiment that shows that preference reversals between matching (Standard Gamble in our case) and choice are reduced when the matching task is conducted using nontransparent methods. Our results suggest that techniques based on nontransparent methods are less influenced by biases (i.e., compatibility effects) than transparent methods. We also observe that imprecision of preferences influences the degree of preference reversals. The preference reversal phenomenon is less strong in subjects with more precise preferences.
Altruistic leadership and affiliative humor's role on service innovation: Lessons from Spanish public hospitals
Authors: Salas‐Vallina Andrés , Ferrer‐Franco Anna , Fernández Guerrero Rafael 
Published: May 2018

SummaryDespite literature identifies aspects that might promote innovation, the relationship between the leadership style and nurses' innovative behavior still remains unclear, and little research has provided evidence of this. To help advance in knowledge of effects of leadership on nurses' innovative behavior, we researched the effect of altruistic leadership on nurses' innovative behavior. In addition, the mediating role of affiliative humor in the relationship between altruistic leadership and nurses' innovative behavior was examined. Questionnaire survey method was followed with a sample of 324 nurses working in public hospitals in Spain. We used structural equation models, to check the research hypotheses. This research reveals that affiliative humor partially mediates the relationship between altruistic leadership and nurses' innovative behavior. Thus, unselfish leaders are crucial to promoting innovative behaviors among nurses, and affiliative humor plays a fundamental role to explain how altruistic leaders enhance nurses' innovative behavior.
Regulation of access to the hospital care network for children in Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Monteiro Maria de Fátima Vasques , Vertamatti Maria Auxiliadora F. , Alves Maria Nina Morais , Carvalho Amanda Cordeiro de Oliveira , Alves Maria Nizete Tavares , Barbosa Caio Parente 
Published: May 2018

SummaryRegulation is a state management tool to ensure that networked health services and goods comply with the principles of universality of access and integrality of care in the Unified Health System. To describe the regulatory actions of access to children's health services in the hospital setting, a descriptive, documentary study was performed to address data on the regulation of access to hospital health‐care points for children from January to October 2015. The sample consisted of 2485 hospitalization procedures and regulated transfers in children between 0 and 15 years old living in the Juazeiro do Norte Health Region in the State of Ceará. The children's health‐care network in the referenced region includes 8 hospitals that together provide care for 105 163 children in the surgical, emergency, and intensive care areas. These hospitals have a total of 176 beds, of which 118 are pediatric clinics, 7 are surgical pediatric units, and 51 are neonatal and intensive care units. In the medical clinics, 2279 children were hospitalized for local admissions, and 206 (8.9%) were transferred to intensive care units. Most children were under 1 year old (43.6%). The regulation of access to the hospitals' health‐care network seems to guarantee local and regional access to 6 municipalities in the region. However, a high waiting time for intensive care beds was observed.
Impacts of forest conversion and agriculture practices on water pathways in Southern Brazil
Authors: Robinet Jérémy , Minella Jean P. G. , de Barros Cláudia A. P. , Schlesner Alexandre , Lücke Andreas , Ameijeiras-Mariño Yolanda , Opfergelt Sophie , Vanderborght Jan , Govers Gerard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLand‐use/cover change (LUCC), and more specifically deforestation and multidecadal agriculture, is one of the various controlling factors of water fluxes at the hillslope or catchment scale. We investigated the impact of LUCC on water pathways and stream stormflow generation processes in a subtropical region in southern Brazil. We monitored, sampled and analysed stream water, pore water, subsurface water, and rainwater for dissolved silicon concentration (DSi) and 18O/16O (δ18O) signature to identify contributing sources to the streamflow under forest and under agriculture. Both forested and agricultural catchments were highly responsive to rainfall events in terms of discharge and shallow groundwater level. DSi versus δ18O scatter plots indicated that for both land‐use types, two run‐off components contributed to the stream discharge. The presence of a dense macropore network, combined with the presence of a compact and impeding B‐horizon, led to rapid subsurface flow in the forested catchment. In the agricultural catchment, the rapid response to rainfall was mostly due to surface run‐off. A 2‐component isotopic hydrograph separation indicated a larger contribution of rainfall water to run‐off during rainfall event in the agricultural catchments. We attributed this higher contribution to a decrease in topsoil hydraulic conductivity associated with agricultural practices. The chemical signature of the old water component in the forested catchment was very similar to that of the shallow groundwater and the pore soil water: It is therefore likely that the shallow groundwater was the main source of old water. This is not the case in the agricultural catchments where the old water component had a much higher DSi concentration than the shallow groundwater and the soil pore water. As the agricultural catchments were larger, this may to some extent simply be a scale effect. However, the higher water yields under agriculture and the high DSi concentration observed in the old water under agriculture suggest a significant contribution of deep groundwater to catchment run‐off under agriculture, suggesting that LUCC may have significant effects on weathering rates and patterns.
Groundwater evolution and mean water age inferred from hydrochemical and isotopic tracers in a tropical confined aquifer
Authors: Villegas Pedro , Paredes Vanesa , Betancur Teresita , Taupin Jean D. , Toro Luis E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe coastal confined aquifer in the Gulf of Urabá (Colombia) is an important water source for the banana agro‐industry as well as for urban and rural communities. However, the main processes controlling recharge and mixing in the aquifer are still poorly understood. Hydrochemical analyses and stable isotope monitoring were conducted to (a) determine groundwater recharge origin, mean groundwater age, and the main processes governing groundwater chemistry and the potential mixing of marine water and the influence of diffusive processes from the two surrounding aquitard layers. Hydrochemical data indicate that the main processes affecting the dissolved chemical composition include cation exchange, dissolution of carbonated and CO2, and silicate weathering. δ18O and δ2H compositions combined with 14C data highlight the differences in climatic conditions between the recharge zone and the confined section of the aquifer, which is close to the Atlantic Ocean. Groundwater samples with 14C ages from recent to 28,300 years BP show a depleted isotopic trend ranging from −6.43‰ to −9.14‰ in δ18O and from −43.2‰ to −65.7‰ in δ2H. The most depleted δ18O and δ2H compositions suggest a cooler recharge climate than the current conditions (corresponding to the last glacial period of the late Pleistocene). Depleted δ13C values in the total dissolved inorganic carbon indicate the existence of organic material oxidation processes within the geologic formation. These results can be used or transferred to enhance groundwater modelling efforts in other confined coastal aquifers of South America where scarcity of long‐term monitoring data limits water resources planification under a changing climate.
The Free Hormone Hypothesis: Is Free Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D a Better Marker for Bone Mineral Density in Older Women?
Authors: Michaëlsson Karl , Rasmusson Annica , Wolk Alicja , Byberg Liisa , Mitchell Adam , Melhus Håkan 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIt is presently unclear whether free serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (S‐25(OH)D) better reflects bone health than total S‐25(OH)D. We have previously shown that summer total S‐25(OH)D values are more useful to predict bone mineral density (BMD) than winter values. Our objective was therefore to compare the relative importance of free and total S‐25(OH)D for BMD by season. BMD was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 5002 Swedish women (mean age 68 years) randomly selected from a large population‐based longitudinal cohort study. Free S‐25(OH)D was analyzed by a commercial ELISA and total S‐25(OH)D by HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Free and total S‐25(OH)D co‐varied with season, with 26% and 29% higher values in August compared with those in January–March (nadir). There were no differences in mean BMD between categories of free or total S‐25(OH)D in samples collected during winter. Women with higher total S‐25(OH)D measured during summer had higher BMD at the total hip. Compared with women who had total S‐25(OH)D values above 80 nmol/L during summer, adjusted BMD at the total hip was 6% (95% CI, 1% to 11%) lower for S‐25(OH)D concentrations between 30 and 40 mmol/L, and 11% (95% CI, 3% to 19%) lower for those with total S‐25(OH)D <30 nmol/L. In contrast, free S‐25(OH)D measured during summer was not associated with BMD. Compared with women who had highest free S‐25(OH)D measured during summer (>8.8 pmol/L), those with intermediate (2.4–3.5 pmol/L) and lowest (<2.4 pmol/L) free S‐25(OH)D during summer did not have lower total hip BMD values (3% [95% CI, −2% to 7%] and −2% [95% CI, −8% to 4%]). In addition, we found no added value for the prediction of BMD with the combined measurement of total and free S‐25(OH)D during summer or winter. We conclude that vitamin D status assessed by direct measurements of free S‐25(OH)D does not reflect BMD better than total S‐25(OH)D. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Violence as a health disparity: Adolescents’ perceptions of violence depicted through photovoice
Authors: Irby Megan Bennett , Hamlin DeWanna , Rhoades Lynn , Freeman Nathan Ross , Summers Phillip , Rhodes Scott D , Daniel Stephanie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractViolence is a public health issue that disproportionately affects adolescents from historically marginalized communities. In response to growing concerns of local violence, our community–academic partnership explored adolescents’ perspectives about violence, including perceptions of its causes, consequences, and potential solutions. Ten adolescents participated in a 12‐week photovoice project. They received training in basic research methodologies, documented representations of violence through digital photography and creative writing, engaged in empowerment‐based photo‐discussions, and presented their work to influential advocates in a community forum. Adolescents and staff conducted a thematic analysis of photographs and narratives from which 10 themes emerged across 3 domains: a culture of violence and oppression, structural violence, and mental and physical health. Adolescents presented their work to community stakeholders in a public forum to foster additional discussions regarding violence in the community. This photovoice project yielded rich qualitative insight into adolescents’ experiences with and perceptions of violence.
Sonochemical and mechanical stirring synthesis of liquid metal nanograss structures for low‐cost SERS substrates
Authors: Chen Xiaojun , Chen Qinnan , Wu Dezhi , Zheng Yuekun , Zhou Zhou , Zhang Kunpeng , Lv Wenlong , Zhao Yang , Lin Liwei , Sun Daoheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicro‐nanofabrication technologies are frequently used to prepare surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active substrates with specially shaped microstructures, whose characteristics of high sensitivity and good reproducibility are our unswerving pursuit of the goal. However, these techniques suffer from high cost and low throughput, which limits the fabrication of large‐area SERS substrates and restricts their practical application in detection analysis. Therefore, a low‐cost, facile, and environmentally friendly fabrication strategy for SERS‐active substrates by sonochemical treatment in conjunction with mechanical stirring without surfactants is proposed for the detection of low concentrations of molecules. Liquid metal alloys were employed as SERS‐active substrate materials and are easily oxidized to form an oxide film in air, resulting in good dispersion of the nanoparticles. In addition, nanograss consisting of rod‐like structures and nanogaps formed on the micro/nanoparticle surface, providing numerous SERS‐active sites. The shape, size, and surface nanostructure of the micro/nanoparticles could be tuned by controlling the ultrasonication time and the stirring speed. The performance of the SERS substrate coated with Au film was evaluated by using rhodamine 6G as a probe. The resulting limit of rhodamine 6G detection for the optimized nanograss‐structured substrate by Raman analysis was as low as 10−7 M, and the standard deviation was 8–15.5%, which meets the requirements for the trace detection of analytes. This facile, large‐scale, low‐cost, and green synthesis of a liquid metal nanograss‐structured substrate with high SERS activity and sensitivity makes it a perfect choice for practical SERS detection applications.
Determinants of wheat noodle color
Authors: Morris Craig F 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTNoodles are a leading food in the world, and color is a key determinant of consumer acceptance. In this review the two prominent forms of wheat noodles are considered: white salted and alkaline. Many of the preparation and evaluation strategies are the same for both, with prominence placed on ‘brightness’ (L*) or a lack of discoloration (ΔL*), and the absence of ‘specks.’ All raw noodles darken over time. Increasing the protein content of flours almost always translates into darker noodles. Greater discoloration is also associated with higher flour extraction rates, higher ash contents, and higher starch damage. Increasing storage time, dough water absorption, and temperature all often lead to greater discoloration. There is a large range in noodle color variation, and much of this variation is associated with genetics. Consequently, much research has been devoted to methods of screening germplasm, either as whole seeds, meals, flours, or noodle sheets. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a primary culprit in noodle discoloration and has guided much of the research on noodle color. It is now possible to select germplasm with very low levels of PPO through the use of efficacious phenotype screens and the use of molecular markers. The success of this research has provided the opportunity to select wheat breeding lines with nil PPO activity, and to combine favorable alleles at multiple PPO loci. Yet, when noodles are prepared, we continue to observe discoloration. As our ability to minimize PPO activity increases, this ‘non‐PPO’ discoloration has become more important. Perhaps the ‘holy grail’ is a noodle that never discolors, and has the ‘perfect’ level of a* (redness, zero?) and b* (yellowness/creaminess). Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Effect of elevated [CO2] on yield, intra‐plant nutrient dynamics, and grain quality of rice cultivars in eastern India
Authors: Jena Usha R , Swain Dillip K , Hazra Kali K , Maiti Mrinal K 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDClimate models predict an increase in global temperature in response to a doubling of atmospheric [CO2]. This may affect future rice production and quality. In this study, the effect of elevated [CO2] on yield, nutrient acquisition and utilization, and grain quality of rice genotypes was investigated in the subtropical climate of eastern India (Kharagpur). Three environments (open field, ambient, and elevated [CO2]) were tested using four rice cultivars of eastern India.RESULTSUnder elevated [CO2] (25% higher), the yield of high‐yielding cultivars (HYCs) viz IR 36, Swarna, and Swarna sub1 was significantly reduced (by 11–13%), whereas the yield increased (by 6–9%) for Badshabhog, a low‐yielding aromatic cultivar. Elevated [CO2] significantly enhanced K uptake (by 14–21%), but did not influence the uptake of total N and P. The nutrient harvest index and use efficiency values in HYCs were reduced under elevated [CO2] indicating that nutrient translocation from source to sink (grain) was significantly reduced. An increase in alkali spreading value (10%) and reduction in grain protein (2–3%) and iron (5–6%) was also observed upon [CO2] elevation.CONCLUSIONThe study highlights the importance of nutrient management (increasing N rate for HYCs) and selective breeding of tolerant cultivars in minimizing the adverse effects of elevated [CO2] on rice yield and quality. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of liquid–liquid microextraction for the effective separation and simultaneous determination of 11 pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples using high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Diuzheva Alina , Balogh József , Jekő József , Cziáky Zoltán 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the simultaneous determination of 11 pharmaceuticals has been developed. The method is based on a microextraction procedure applied to wastewater samples from different regions of Hungary followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The effect of the nature of the extractant, dispersive solvent, different additives, and extraction time were examined on the extraction efficiently of the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method. Under optimal conditions, the linearity for determining the pharmaceuticals was in the range of 1–500 ng/mL, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9922 to 0.9995. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.31–6.65 and 0.93–22.18 ng/mL, respectively.
Timing of paraglacial rock‐slope failures and denudation signatures in the Cantabrian Mountains (North Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Laura , González‐Lemos Saúl , Ballesteros Daniel , Valenzuela Pablo , Domínguez‐Cuesta María José , Llana‐Fúnez Sergio , Jiménez‐Sánchez Montserrat 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlacial erosion of hillslopes and stress changes induced by the transition from glacial to nonglacial conditions exert a strong influence on slope instability and are considered among the scope of paraglacial geomorphology. Failure mechanisms and coupling between paraglacial rock‐slope failures (RSFs) and fluvial erosion are difficult to define. Here we show a preliminary spatio‐temporal framework of paraglacial RSFs in a small catchment of the central Cantabrian Mountains, the San Isidro valley, with a dense concentration of RSFs. Preliminary radiocarbon dates obtained from two floodplain sequences deposited upstream from RSFs indicate that their sedimentation started as consequence of valley impoundment by RSFs after glacier retreat (after approximately 16.1 ka), consistent with the deglaciation pattern of nearby valleys. RSFs continued during the Holocene. Glacier erosion, debuttressing, and stress‐release conditions played an important role in slope destabilization as preparatory factors in all cases and probably triggered the oldest events. However, the long prefailure endurance (approximately 12 ka) between RSFs points to other factors such as rainfall and fluvial down‐cutting of hillslopes as triggers for Holocene events. Postglacial fluvial incision rates of 2.2–2.5 mm a−1 were estimated along gullies carved into bedrock areas nonaffected by RSFs. These values are one order of magnitude higher than previous rates based on other geomorphological proxies (~ 0.2 mm a−1), suggesting accelerated fluvial incision following the last deglaciation. Local RSFs contributed to increase in fluvial incision rates by a factor of three. This study provides a quantitative perspective of postglacial land degradation relevant for understanding postorogenic landscape evolution.