bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soldatische Radikalisierung und Massaker. Das deutsche Erste und Zweite Seebataillon im Einsatz im “Boxerkrieg” in China 1900
Authors: Martin Bernd 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
In der internationalen und auch in der deutschen Forschung werden die deutschen Truppen im Boxerkrieg allgemein als die aggressivsten Einheiten von allen beteiligten Interventionsmächten hingestellt. Doch größere deutsche, selbstständig operierende Verbände trafen erst am 19. August 1900 in China ein, genau an dem Tag, an dem das belagerte Gesandtschaftsviertel in Peking von einer alliierten Streitmacht entsetzt wurde und der Krieg eigentlich zu Ende war. Dieses Paradox wird gern dahingehend erklärt, dass die Deutschen zu spät gekommen waren und nunmehr ihr militärisches Können unter Beweis stellen mussten.
Auf der Grundlage der offiziellen Dokumente, der an Ort und Stelle verfassten Kriegstagebücher der Einheiten, werden die Aktionen der ersten beiden nach China entsandten deutschen Kampfverbände von ihrer Mobilisierung am 19. Juni 1900 bis zu ihrer Integration in das deutsche Expeditionscorps am 19. Oktober 1900 verfolgt. In dieser Mikrostudie werden die Rekrutierung der Freiwilligen, die Überfahrt nach China, der Gewaltmarsch nach Peking und die Konfrontation mit dem Inferno in der Hauptstadt geschildert. Die folgenden Strafexpeditionen wurden von dem auf Ruhm erpichten Kommandeur mehr oder minder inszeniert, von den Soldaten jedoch herbeigesehnt, um endlich kämpfen zu können. Die Erschießung von 76 Chinesen am dritten Tage nach der Ankunft und die Ermordung aller männlichen Einwohner von Liangxiang sowie die Gefechte im Kaiserlichen Hirsch-Park südlich von Peking werden allgemein als die größten deutschen Verbrechen bezeichnet. Doch es gab keine entsprechenden Anweisungen aus Berlin. Diese Massaker wurden von Soldaten begangen, die von der deutschen Propaganda über die “unmenschlichen Boxer-Horden” indoktriniert und durch eine vollständig fremde ethno-kulturelle Welt verunsichert waren. Die Ausschreitungen waren situativ bedingt, doch die Verantwortung lag bei den kommandierenden Offizieren.
THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS: FUNDAMENTAL, APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Long Bui Duc 
Published: May 2018

Energy and the environment are popular themes in the 21st century because both are closely interlinked. The current technologies are focusing on finding new, clean, safe and renewable energy sources for a better environment. Thermoelectric (TE) materials are able to generate electricity when applied a temperature different at a junction of two dissimilar materials. This is a promising technology to directly convert waste heat into electricity without any gas emission, thus providing one of the most clean and safe energy. However, the applications of TE devices are still limited due to its low energy conversion efficiency and high material cost. As a result, researches in TE materials are mainly focusing on the improving of efficiency and developing cheap materials. In this paper, the fundamental, challenges and applications of thermoelectric materials were reviewed. In addition, currently research in thermoelectric materials and improving their efficiency will also be reviewed.
«Premature Resisters». Spanish Contribution to the French National Defence Campaignin 1939/1940
Authors: Celaya Diego Gaspar 
Published: May 2018

«Premature Resisters». Spanish Contribution to the French National Defence Campaign in 1939/1940 Thousands of Spaniards actively contributed to the defence of France in 1939/1940, whether as military contractors, legionnaires or soldiers of the Regiment de Marche de Volontaires Étrangers (RMVE). This paper focuses on three elements of their contributions. First, it investigates the importance of French internment camps for Spanish refugees’ that became key recruitment grounds for soldiers and labourers. Secondly, it will analyse the importance of the French General Staff's decision to veto the creation of Spanish autonomous units within the regular French armed forces, and how this compared to the situation of Polish and Czechoslovakian volunteers. Thirdly, the declaration of war on 3 September 1939 will be highlighted as a crucial turning point for French attitudes towards the recruitment of Spanish contractors and soldiers. Despite those changes in attitude, the Spanish contribution to France's defence in 1939/1940 – and to the French resistance – was never recognised by politicians in the post-war era. This is a fourth aspect of the entangled Franco-Spanish history of the Second World War that will be analysed in this paper, thereby highlighting how the memory battles between French Gaullists and Communists, reinforced by the context of the Cold War, left little space for the commemorative inclusion of «outsiders».
Walter Benjamin, taiteen toinen tekniikka ja avantgarden kulttuuripolitiikka
Authors: Lohtaja Aleksi , Viitahuhta Taneli 
Published: May 2018

This article provides a fresh look into Walter Benjamin’s famous essay, “Artwork in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” (1936). Following Benjamin scholar Esther Leslie, we claim that Benjamin’s lesser-known concept of “second technique” is integral for understanding both the meaning of essay as well as mapping the political and artistic aims of the 1920’s avant-garde movements in general. The article is structured around two cases of avant-garde, both of which are central already for Benjamin, but remain somewhat under-theorized in connection to Benjamin. These are the Soviet constructivist film and the idea of glass construction in Weimar-era German architecture.
Keywords: Walter Benjamin, second technique of art, avantgarde, film, architecture
Tarvitseva, ulkopuolella, vailla
Authors: Laukkanen Anu , Colliander Marjukka , Teikari Anne 
Published: May 2018

The principles of culture for all and diversity are central in Finnish cultural policy concerning accessibility of art and culture. Although the concept of accessibility has its roots in disability studies and activism, the accessibility of art and culture has not been articulated from the point of view of critical disability research in the international culture policy conversation. Following disability researcher Tanya Titchosky we argue that accessibility can be considered as interpretation of relations between human and the environment they live in. In our analysis of culture projects that aimed making art and culture accessible for those living in social and health care institutions, we examine what kind of interpretations about those lacking access to arts and culture were constructed in the interviews of the personnel. How were the lack of art and culture or hindrance to art and culture defined? How was art and culture made accessible and how this was rationalized?We argue, that the figure of non-participant and its lack and need for art and culture was partly constructed as a rationalization for the culture projects we studied. This figure and the values attached to it may work as an obstacle in making arts and culture more accessible because it does not allow context-specific understanding of the conditions for participation in arts and culture.
Keywords: Cultural participation, accessibility, arts for health, social and health services
Ulos tuulikaapista, kulttuuripolitiikka!
Authors: Kraatari Eliza 
Published: May 2018

Tässä vuosikirjassa Anu Laukkanen, Anne Teikari ja Marjaana Colliander syventävät etäkonserttien tapausesimerkin kautta kriittisiä näkökulmia saavutettavuuteen. Artikkeli tarjoaa lukijalle pohdittavaksi muun muassa sen, onko kulttuurin saavutettavuus itse asiassa ”onnellisuusobjekti”, joka yhtäältä lupailee syrjäytysmisuhanalaisille figuureille osallisuutta yhteiskuntaan ja toisaalta tarjoilee kulttuuripalveluiden tuottajille itselleen antroposofista euforiakokemusta.Sirkku Kotilaisen ja Satu Olkkosen artikkeli puolestaan avaa mahdollisuuksia tiedon yhteiseen tekemiseen, kun dokumenttiteatterin kautta käydään kanssatutkijuuten yhdessä nuorten kanssa. Artikkelissa nousee esiin muun muassa eräiden tukijärjestelmien kontrolloivuus, jolloin näennäisen voimavaraistavat keinot voivat kääntyä itseään vastaan. Yhdessä tarkasteltuna nämä artikkelit kutsuvat arvioimaan kriittisesti kulttuuripoliittisia ihmisenä ja kansalaisena olemisen reunaehtoja: mitkä tahot määrittelevät ja miten määrittyvät vaillinaisuus, tarvitsevuus tai kykeneväisyys kulttuurisen yhteisön jäseninä ja kansalaisina? Tunkeutuvatko kulttuuripolitiikan normaalit läpi moninaisuuden diskurssin verhoista? Tähän näkökulman antaa myös Katri Talaskiven puheenvuoro Suomessa uusien kielivähemmistöjen kirjailijoista.Historiallinen näkökulma teknologisiin uutuuksiin kulttuuristen elämysten saavutettavuuden mahdollistajina antaa perspektiiviä aikamme digihuumaan. Aleksi Lohtajan ja Taneli Viitahuhdan luenta Walter Benjaminin ajatuksista taideteoksen uusinnettavuudesta paitsi tuottaa uutta näkökulmaa Benjamin-tutkimukseen myös tarjoaa analyyttista syvyyttä esteettisten kokemusten ja niiden välittämisen ymmärtämiseen. Herääkin kysymys, miten teknologiset mahdollisuudet tässä ajassa oikeastaan kohtaavat kulttuuritoimintojen käyttäjät, osallistujat. Tuottavatko ne läpinäkyvyyttä yhteiskunnallisiin ja kulttuurisiin muutoksiin vai pelkästään hymynaama-mittareita tuulikaappeihin?
FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR FORMATION OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL OF ENTERPRISES
Authors: Semenova V. G. 
Published: May 2018

Among all resources of the enterprise, intellectual resources are able to ensure a creative, innovative approach to the solution of actual issues of enterprise’s operation. The formation and active use of intellectual capital of the enterprise becomes a guarantee of increasing its competitiveness and efficiency of activities both in the context of solving current problems and in the strategic perspective. The purpose of the research is to analyze the financial support of the development of intellectual capital at domestic enterprises.Analysis of data about the training of skilled workers in Ukraine indicates a tendency towards a decrease in the total number of educational institutions in recent years and the number of trained qualified staff. This affects both the quantitative composition of employees at domestic enterprises and their qualitative characteristics, and it prevents the processes of formation of intellectual capital.The main obstacles to the formation of intellectual capital are the lack of proper financing of these processes both at the state level and at the level of separate enterprises. There are developed the recommendations on directions of financial support of the processes of formation of intellectual capital: participation of employers in the formation of professionally oriented educational programs and financial support of specialized educational institutions by acquisition the necessary equipment; the purposeful allocation of funds for the payment of training of individual workers in educational institutions; the active participation of enterprises in the practical training of skilled workers and the formation of programs for production practice; providing employees with the opportunity to get an education using “dual education system”; the payment for advanced training courses; the introduction of special rewards for invention and rationalization.
ФІСКАЛЬНІ МОДИФІКАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ В ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЙНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Prokopenko N. S. , Gudz O. Ye. , Tymoshenko A. O. 
Published: May 2018

В статті доведено, що при вступі України в Європейську Спільноту підлягає модифікації і її фіскальна політика. Аргументовано, що децентралізація, являється одним із елементів євроінтеграції. Визначено, що одним із досягнень сучасного етапу її реформи є створення об’єднаних територіальних громад. Результати аналізу в процесі дослідження свідчать, що завдяки децентралізації з’явилися можливості у місцевих територіальних громад нарощувати доходи місцевих бюджетів. Обґрунтовано, що використання регресійних моделей з метою прогнозування фіскальних модифікацій слід удосконалювати шляхом врахування динаміки ключових показників. Поряд з цим, зазначено, оскільки процес реформування та створення об’єднаних територіальних громад на сьогоднішній день перебуває на початковому етапі, то, на думку автора, саме такі моделі можуть стати орієнтиром в прогнозуванні та плануванні подальших процесів децентралізації та її впливу на фінансову самостійність місцевих бюджетів.
THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Authors: Shkodina I. V. , Timoshenkov I. V. , Nashchekina O. N. 
Published: May 2018

Based on our analysis of trends and threats associated with the use of financial technology, we conclude that its implementation increases the complexity of the institutional structure of the financial system. Certain institutional factors earlier regarded by scholars as anomalies that had either none or an insignificant effect on the development of the financial system are now emerging. These factors are becoming increasingly fundamental, and are in fact transforming the financial system. As the result, the established functional relations fail, while new institutions and new interdependences emerge, which leads to certain unforeseen destabilizing consequences.The spontaneity of the process of systemic transformation determines human behavior, that is why it is not always possible to clearly anticipate the outcomes of such transformation.Financial innovations are more difficult to regulate because there are no formal rules established for most of them, and they themselves are so novel that they fall outside the control of regulatory authorities. We believe that in order to prevent potentially adverse effects, it is necessary to strengthen the cooperation between government agencies and financial technology companies for the purpose of developing formal rules and procedures for ensuring the reliability and the security of the financial sector. It is important to work towards increasing the degree of trust and to establish a culture of innovation which would help the participants of financial markets adapt to the rapidly changing financial environment.
GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM: RISKS AND FORECASTS
Authors: Khaustova V. Ye. , Demchenko N. V. , Kovalchuk V. G. , Volkova M. V. 
Published: May 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the causes of the series of successively occurring crisis phenomena in the global financial system, the identification of imbalances and financial risks of development at the present stage. The article is dedicated to the evolution of the overall structure of the international financial sector, discusses the role of the euro area financial sector in financing non–financial corporations and analyses interconnectedness across different parts of the financial sector in order to assess possible structural risks to financial stability in the euro area and in the world. definition of existing risks and imbalances in the development of the global financial and economic sphere, as well as the possible directions of their minimization. The purpose of the article is to definition of existing risks and imbalances in the development of the global financial and economic sphere, as well as the possible directions of their minimization.
Continuity Index Measures in the Acute Care Hospital Setting: An Analytic Review and Tests Using Electronic Health Record Data and Computer Simulation
Authors: Yao Yingwei , Ahn Hyochol , Stifter Janet , Wilkie Diana J. , Keenan Gail 
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose:Multiple continuity indexes are available; however, their properties are insufficiently understood for examining the influence of nurse staffing patterns on patient outcomes. We conceptually and analytically examined continuity measures to reveal their properties and relationships with each other and identify potential limitations.Methods:We examined behavior of continuity indexes as applied to clinical practice data that were collected with the HANDS (Hands-On Automated Nursing Data System) and data from computer simulation.Results:Studied continuity measures exhibited very different statistical characteristics. Most importantly, many continuity measures contain a length-of-stay dependent term that is uncorrelated with continuity.Conclusion:Findings provide a deep understanding of the conceptual foundations and properties of various continuity measures. Using findings, researchers can select proper measures and better interpret analysis outcomes.
A Systematic Review of Studies Using the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale
Authors: Belza Basia , Miyawaki Christina E. , Liu Minhui , Aree-Ue Suparb , Fessel Melissa , Minott Kenya R. , Zhang Xi 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:To review how the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) has been used and evaluate its psychometric properties.Methods:We conducted a database search using “multidimensional assessment of fatigue” or “MAF” as key terms from 1993 to 2015, and located 102 studies.Results:Eighty-three were empirical studies and 19 were reviews/evaluations. Research was conducted in 17 countries; 32 diseases were represented. Nine language versions of the MAF were used. The mean of the Global Fatigue Index ranged from 10.9 to 49.4. The MAF was reported to be easy-to-use, had strong reliability and validity, and was used in populations who spoke languages other than English.Conclusion:The MAF is an acceptable assessment tool to measure fatigue and intervention effectiveness in various languages, diseases, and settings across the world.
Combatting Compassion Fatigue With Mindfulness
Authors: Maley MaryKay 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:The purpose of this project was to implement an evidence-based, mindfulness therapeutic intervention, to help reduce compassion fatigue and to improve faculty attrition rates in an urban school setting.Method:Implementation of the mindfulness intervention included an educational didactic workshop, basic exercises in mindfulness, a take-home manual, and the development of a mindfulness web portal to promote sustainability of the project. Outcomes were measured using Stamm’s Professional Quality of Life Scale V (ProQOL-V Scale), in addition to a descriptive analysis of demographics and a postprogram satisfaction survey.Findings:Scores obtained from the ProQOL-V Scale confirmed the presence of compassion fatigue. Posttesting showed program satisfaction with a high interest in implementing mindfulness activities. Self-repor ted improvements were noted in mood/emotion following the workshop, and attrition rate decreased by 10%.Conclusion:It appears that mindfulness training is a feasible intervention to implement with individuals experiencing the effects of stress and compassion fatigue. More research is needed to extend these preliminary findings into the realm of nursing both clinically and academically.
The Impact of Zika Virus Education on Selection of Birth Control Methods Among Cuban Refugees Resettling in Louisville, Kentucky in 2016
Authors: Balcom Dawn , Carrico Ruth , Goss Linda , Mutsch Karen , Bosson Rahel 
Published: May 2018

Background:Cubans represented almost 40% of all refugees resettling in KY during 2015 and 2016. Their route to the United States included extended time in areas recognized as Zika endemic, making them vulnerable to Zika virus (ZV) exposure and infection. Early availability of birth control is one strategy stressed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to delay an unintended pregnancy after ZV exposure and prevent the catastrophic impact on a developing fetus.Objectives:The objectives were to determine: (a) awareness of ZV among Cuban refugees, and (b) the impact of education regarding ZV on their initial birth control decisions.Methods:During May–November 2016, 167 Cuban men and women aged 19–50 were seen by advanced practice nurses (APNs) in the University of Louisville Global Health Center (UL GHC). During the visit, awareness regarding ZV, current planned birth control method(s), and education about ZV was imparted using information developed by the CDC and provided by clinic personnel competent in delivery of culturally, socially, and linguistically appropriate messaging. Anticipated methods of birth control were then reassessed.Results:Condom use was the most prevalent contraceptive method used before and after ZV education (29% and 58% respectively, p < .001). The influence of education regarding ZV and ZV infection on selection of birth control methods (condom use) was significant (p < .001).Conclusions:Findings indicate education provided by APNs regarding ZV influence birth control selection among Cuban refugees.
THE INFLUENCE OF GROUP INVESTIGATION LEARNING MODEL ON COLLEGE STUDENTS LEARNING MOTIVATION TOWARDS ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION
Authors: Kurnianto Fahmi Arif , Ikhsan Fahrudi Ahwan , Nurdin Elan Artono , Apriyanto Bejo , Liou Yuei An 
Published: May 2018

This study aims to analyze the influence of group investigation (GI) model on learning motivation of Student Environmental Education. This type of research is quasi experiment with non equivalent control group posttest only design. Research subjects consist of 2 semester students (2 classes) selected based on the value of Middle Semester Exam (UTS) odd semester of academic year 2017-2018 which has the average value is almost the same (homogeneous). The control class uses lecture and discussion models, while the experimental class uses the GI model. The instrument used to measure learning motivation is A Manual for the Use of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) developed by Pintrich et al. Further data obtained were analyzed by using Independent Sample T-Test Test with the help of SPSS 16.0 for Windows program. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence of GI model on the motivation to learn the environment of mahMahasiswa. It was based on the analysis results of the Independent Sample T-Test Test that showed the p-level 0.000. The p-level value is less than 0.05 (p <0.05).
Key words: Group Investigation model, motivation to learn Environmental Education Student
COOPERATIVE LEARNING TYPE TEAM ASSISTED INDIVIDUALIZED (TAI) BASED ON ABILITY TO BEGINNING OF STUDENTS IN IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE LEARNING IN CLASS VII SEKAMPUNG JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL , LAMPUNG
Authors: Nurdin Elan Artono , Ikhsan Fahrudi Ahwan , Kurnianto Fahmi Arif , Apriyanto Bejo 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of this study was to test a model of cooperative team assisted individualizd (TAI) in terms of the initial capabilities junior high school students. The subjects were students of class VII SMP Negeri Sekampung Lampung Province. This study is a quasi-experimental study(quasi-experimental)design Non-Equivalent Control GroupDesign.Learning achievement assessment instruments using essay test. The result of such assessment data is analyzed usingt-test with SPSS16.0 for Windows.The results showed no significant difference model of cooperative team assisted individualizd (TAI) and conventional models in terms of the ability of junior high school students beginning in the implementation of learning strategies IPS. Based on the difference between pretest and post-test showed that the average value gainscore experimental class (45.63) was higher than in the control group (30.02). The results of analysis of test data using independent sample t test showed that the model of cooperative team assisted individualizd (TAI) obtainedvalue probability(p-level) of less than 0.05 is the sig 0.00.
Keywords: TAI models, Capability Earlier, Student achievement