bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Topographic Imaging for Spinal Intraoperative 3-Dimensional Navigation in the Cervical Spine
Authors: Guha Daipayan , Jakubovic Raphael , Alotaibi Naif M. , Deorajh Ryan , Gupta Shaurya , Fehlings Michael G. , Mainprize Todd G. , Yee Albert , Yang Victor X.D. 
Published: February 2019

Summary of Background Data:
Computer-assisted 3-dimensional navigation may guide spinal instrumentation. Optical topographic imaging (OTI) is a novel navigation technique offering comparable accuracy and significantly faster registration workflow relative to current navigation systems. It has previously been validated in open posterior thoracolumbar exposures.

Objective:
To validate the utility and accuracy of OTI in the cervical spine.

Study Design:
This is a prospective preclinical cadaveric and clinical cohort study.

Methods:
Standard midline open posterior cervical exposures were performed, with segmental OTI registration at each vertebral level. In cadaveric testing, OTI navigation guidance was used to track a drill guide for cannulating screw tracts in the lateral mass at C1, pars at C2, lateral mass at C3–6, and pedicle at C7. In clinical testing, translaminar screws at C2 were also analyzed in addition. Planned navigation trajectories were compared with screw positions on postoperative computed tomographic imaging, and quantitative navigation accuracies, in the form of absolute translational and angular deviations, were computed.

Results:
In cadaveric testing (mean±SD) axial and sagittal translational navigation errors were (1.66±1.18 mm) and (2.08±2.21 mm), whereas axial and sagittal angular errors were (4.11±3.79 degrees) and (6.96±5.40 degrees), respectively.
In clinical validation (mean±SD) axial and sagittal translational errors were (1.92±1.37 mm) and (1.27±0.97 mm), whereas axial and sagittal angular errors were (3.68±2.59 degrees) and (3.47±2.93 degrees), respectively. These results are comparable to those achieved with OTI in open thoracolumbar approaches, as well as using current spinal neuronavigation systems in similar applications. There was no radiographic facet, canal or foraminal violations, nor any neurovascular complications.

Conclusions:
OTI is a novel navigation technique allowing efficient initial and repeat registration. Accuracy even in the more mobile cervical spine is comparable to current spinal neuronavigation systems.
Tips for Improving the Writing and Reporting Quality of Systematic, Scoping, and Narrative Reviews
Authors: Horsley Tanya 
Published: February 2019

Abstract:
The evidence base in health professions education continues to accumulate at an unprecedented rate. Summaries of evidence in the form of scoping, systematic and narrative reviews are also increasingly common. Unfortunately, many submissions go unpublished and for reasons that may be irreversible post-peer review. The goal of this commentary is to offer insights to review authors for improving the likelihood of publication success. These tips will not guarantee success; however, insights address common errors authors make along the continuum of review production that result in either requests for major revision or rejection.
A Novel Combined Light-Based Treatment of Acne Vulgaris With 1,450-nm Diode Laser and 450-nm Blue Light
Authors: Kwon Hyuck Hoon , Choi Sun Chul , Jung Jae Yoon , Bae Youin , Park Gyeong-Hun 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
Nonablative 1,450-nm diode laser (DL) and visible blue light (BL) have been effectively used for acne with superior safety profiles.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate synergistic effects of sequential DL and BL application for acne.

METHODS
A 20-week, randomized split-face study was conducted to compare clinical courses between 2 facial sides either receiving sequential application of DL and BL or BL alone in 24 patients with mild to moderate facial acne vulgaris. Patients were scheduled to receive 3 consecutive sessions at 4-week intervals. Objective assessments, including revised Leeds grades, lesion counts, and sebum output measurements, and patients' subjective satisfaction were investigated.

RESULTS
Both combination and BL sides demonstrated steady improvement of inflammatory acne lesions with 62.3% and 35.2% decreases at the 12-week follow-up visit compared with baseline respectively. For noninflammatory lesions and seborrhea, only combination regimen demonstrated improvement. Patients' subjective assessments paralleled objective findings. For safety profiles, no severe adverse effect was observed on both sides, and mild symptoms resolved spontaneously within a day.

CONCLUSION
The combination regimen demonstrated synergistic efficacies for acne and seborrhea, with satisfactory safety profiles. Therefore, a few sessions of these light-based applications would be a viable option for acne treatments.
INTRAVITREAL DEXAMETHASONE IMPLANT MIGRATION INTO THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER
Authors: Gonçalves Mariana Batista , Alves Bruno de Queiroz , Moura Raphael , Magalhães Octaviano , Maia André , Belfort Rubens , de Ávila Marcos Pereira , Zas Marcelo , Saravia Mario , Lousas Marcia , Wu Lihteh , Arevalo J. Fernando , Pacheco Katia Delalibera , Johnson Taylor , Farah Michel Eid , Rodriguez Francisco Jose , Maia Mauricio ,   for the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group
Published: February 2019

Purpose:To establish the prevalence and risk factors for intravitreal dexamethasone implant migration into the anterior chamber in eyes with macular edema.Methods:This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational chart review of data that included patients with macular edema who had been treated with at least one intravitreal dexamethasone injection. Patients with incomplete chart information during the follow-up period were excluded.Results:The prevalence of implant migration in 468 patients, considering the number of injections, was 1.6%, with significant associations between implant migration and cataract surgery (P= 0.043) and intraocular lens status (P= 0.005) and a trend toward statistical significance (P= 0.057) with vitrectomy. A higher rate of implant migration into the anterior chamber was observed in vitrectomized eyes (4.8%) when compared with patients who did not undergo a vitrectomy (1.6%). The implants that migrated were removed with forceps with/without viscoelastic expression or with 20-gauge cannulas connected to the vitreous cutter machine.Conclusion:The risk of implant migration into the anterior chamber was 1.6%. Risk factors were a history of cataract surgery or vitrectomy and aphakia. When anterior migration occurs, rapid removal is advised, especially if corneal edema is present.
Validation of Alternative Methods for Detecting Meibomian Gland Dropout Without an Infrared Light System: Red Filter for Simple and Effective Meibography
Authors: Lee Sang-Mok , Park Inwon , Goo Yong Ho , Choi Dongchul , Shin Min Chul , Kim Eun Chul , Alkwikbi Hassan Fallaj , Kim Man Soo , Hwang Ho Sik 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the validity and reliability of alternative methods for evaluating meibomian gland (MG) dropout without using an infrared light system: red-filtered or isolated red-channel images (RCIs) of the everted eyelid.

Methods:
We evaluated MG dropout in the everted upper and lower eyelids of 125 eyes of 64 patients with good-quality infrared meibography images (IMIs) and color digital photographs with and without a red filter. Red-filtered images (RFIs) were converted to black and white and adjusted for contrast/brightness [adjusted red-filtered images (aRFIs)]. RCIs were computationally isolated from color digital photographs obtained without a red filter. After randomization, the total meiboscore (0–6) was evaluated by 2 independent evaluators (interobserver reliability) masked to the image origin, and again after a 30-day interval (intraobserver reliability).

Results:
The meiboscores evaluated using the RFI, aRFI, and RCI were strongly positively correlated with those evaluated using the IMI (RFI: ρ = 0.788; aRFI: ρ = 0.735; RCI: ρ = 0.630; all P < 0.001, Spearman correlation analysis). Linear-weighted κ-values (κw) showed substantial agreement between the RFI and IMI (κw = 0.676, 95% CI = 0.594–0.759). The RFI had substantial intraobserver reliability (κw = 0.735, 95% CI = 0.685–0.785) and moderate interobserver reliability (κw = 0.467, 95% CI = 0.371–0.563). Computational adjustment of RFIs did not enhance the validity or reliability, and RCIs had limitations in some cases.

Conclusions:
MGs were successfully visualized using a red filter on a slit lamp and showed substantial agreement with visualization using the standard infrared method. Although interobserver reliability was only moderate, this alternative technique may be useful for evaluating MG dropout when an infrared meibography device is not available.
Perceived Stress Among Patients With Heart Failure Who Have Low Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Dickens Carolyn , Dickson Victoria Vaughan , Piano Mariann R. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Patient populations with low socioeconomic status (SES) experience psychological stress because of social determinants of health. Social determinants of health contribute to self-care—especially among patients with heart failure (HF).

Objective:
We sought to describe the influence of stress and social determinants of health on self-care in patients with HF who have low SES.

Methods:
In this mixed-methods, concurrent embedded study, participants (N = 35) were recruited from 2 urban hospitals in Chicago if they had low SES and were readmitted within 120 days of an exacerbation of HF. We conducted semistructured interviews to collect qualitative data about stressors associated with patients' living circumstances, strategies patients used to foster self-care, family dynamics, and coping strategies patients used to decrease stress. We measured psychological stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS-10]), and self-care (Self-care of Heart Failure Index). Content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data, and descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample. In the final analytic phase, the qualitative and quantitative data were integrated.

Results:
Self-care was poor: 91.5% of participants had Self-care of Heart Failure Index subscale scores lower than 70. Perceived stress was high: 34% of participants had PSS-10 scores of 20 or higher. Several social determinants of health emerged as affecting self-care: financial stress, family personal health, past impactful deaths, and a recent stressful event (eg, child's death). Participants lived in areas with high crime and violence, and participants described many stressful events. However, among participants whose PSS-10 scores were lower than 20 (indicating lower stress), there was discordance among the description of factors impacting self-care and their PSS-10 score.

Conclusions:
Social determinants of health negatively impact the ability of low-SES patients to manage their HF symptoms and adhere to a medication and dietary regimen. It is important that healthcare providers assess patients' stressors so appropriate referral to services can occur.
“Why Would I Choose Death?”
Authors: Hadler Rachel A. , Goldstein Nathan E. , Bekelman David B. , Riegel Barbara , Allen Larry A. , Arnold Robert M. , Harinstein Matthew E. , Kavalieratos Dio 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Although cardiology organizations recommend early introduction of palliative care for patients with heart failure (HF), integration has remained challenging, particularly in patients with cardiac devices such as cardiac implantable electronic devices and left ventricular assist devices. Study authors suggest that patients often have limited and erroneous understanding of these devices and their implications for future care.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess perceptions of cardiac devices in patients with HF and how these perceptions impacted advance care planning and future expectations.

Methods:
This study used qualitative semistructured interviews with 18 community-dwelling patients with New York Heart Association stage II to IV HF.

Results:
We interviewed 18 patients (mean ejection fraction, 38%; mean age, 64 years; 33% female; 83% white; 39% New York Heart Association class II, 39% class III, and 22% class IV). All had a cardiac implantable electronic device (6% permanent pacemaker, 56% implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, 28% biventricular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator); 11% had left ventricular assist devices. Patients with devices frequently misunderstood the impact of their device on cardiac function. A majority expressed the belief that the device would forestall further deterioration, regardless of whether this was the case. This anticipation of stability was often accompanied by the expectation that emerging technologies would continue to preempt decline. Citing this faith in technology, these patients frequently saw limited value in advance care planning.

Conclusions:
In our sample, patients with cardiac devices overestimated the impact of their devices on preventing disease progression and death and deprioritized advance care planning as a result.
Nurse-led Motivational Telephone Follow-up After Same-day Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Reduces Readmission and Contacts to General Practice
Authors: Mols Rikke Elmose , Hald Marianne , Vistisen Heidi Sønderby , Lomborg Kirsten , Maeng Michael 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Same-day discharge of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may challenge preparation of patients for discharge.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate whether nurse-led telephone follow-up influenced patients' self-management post-PCI.

Methods:
We performed a randomized study with an allocation rate of 1:1. A standardized nurse-led motivational telephone consultation was conducted between 2 and 5 days after PCI to support adherence to medical therapy, follow-up activities, emotional well-being, and healthy lifestyle. The control group received usual care and discharge procedures. Primary outcome was adherence to use of P2Y12 inhibitor (clopidogrel or ticagrelor) therapy at 30 days of follow-up.

Results:
We consecutively included 294 elective patients (83%) undergoing PCI and with planned same-day discharge. Adherence to P2Y12 inhibitors was not influenced by the intervention (intervention vs control, 95% vs 93%, respectively; P = .627). However, the proportion of patients readmitted (8% vs 16%, P = .048), as well as self-initiated contacts to general practitioners (29% vs 42%, P = .020), was lower in the intervention group compared with the control group. Patients in the intervention group were more likely to know how to manage symptoms of angina pectoris (90% vs 80%, P = .015), and a higher proportion of patients in the intervention group commenced healthy physical activities (53% vs 41%, P = .043).

Conclusion:
Nurse-led motivational telephone follow-up did not influence adherence to antiplatelet medical therapy after PCI. However, the intervention positively influenced self-management of angina pectoris and reduced hospital readmissions and self-initiated contacts to general practitioners and hospitals.
Pediatric Sexual Abuse: An Interprofessional Approach to Optimizing Emergency Care
Authors: Jordan Kathleen S. , Steelman Sara H. , Leary Marlea , Varela-Gonzalez Lina , Lassiter Shannon L. , Montminy Lucy , Bellow Emily F. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Pediatric sexual abuse can lead to devastating lifelong consequences for the child, their caregivers, and society at large. To achieve the goal of optimizing patient outcomes, strategies to enhance teamwork, education, and mentorship are essential. The ultimate goal of child safety and protection through an evidence-based approach will only be attained when interprofessional alignment of expertise and resources is implemented.

Methods:
This project was implemented in a mixed-method design in two phases. Phase 1 was a face-to-face, evidence-based, 3.5-hour educational intervention involving members of the interprofessional emergency care team. Phase 2 consisted of focus groups to discover specific concerns emergency care providers encounter and to provide a forum for discussion on methods to improve care delivery. Data analysis was conducted to examine changes before and after education intervention and to identify themes discovered in focus groups.

Results:
There was a significant increase in the knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy of the interprofessional emergency care team regarding sexual abuse after the education intervention. General themes identified in the focus groups included (a) the importance of advancing one's knowledge and skill set in this specialized area, (b) the importance of interprofessional collaboration in the emergency department and with community partners, (c) implementation of evidence-based national guidelines, and (d) ideas for improved quality and safety in the care of the sexually abused child.

Discussion:
Education and collaboration through an interprofessional approach are required for the promotion of quality and safety for the child presenting with alleged sexual abuse.
The Clinical Role of LASER for Vulvar and Vaginal Treatments in Gynecology and Female Urology: An ICS/ISSVD Best Practice Consensus Document
Authors: Preti Mario , Vieira-Baptista Pedro , Digesu Giuseppe Alessandro , Bretschneider Carol Emi , Damaser Margot , Demirkesen Oktay , Heller Debra S. , Mangir Naside , Marchitelli Claudia , Mourad Sherif , Moyal-Barracco Micheline , Peremateu Sol , Tailor Visha , Tarcan Tufan , De Elise J. B. , Stockdale Colleen K. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this best practice document, we propose recommendations for the use of LASER for gynecologic and urologic conditions such as vulvovaginal atrophy, urinary incontinence, vulvodynia, and lichen sclerosus based on a thorough literature review. Most of the available studies are limited by their design; for example, they lack a control group, patients are not randomized, follow-up is short term, series are small, LASER is not compared with standard treatments, and most studies are industry sponsored. Because of these limitations, the level of evidence for the use of LASER in the treatment of these conditions remains low and does not allow for definitive recommendations for its use in routine clinical practice. Histological evidence is commonly reported as proof of tissue regeneration after LASER treatment. However, the histological changes noted can also be consistent with reparative changes after a thermal injury rather than necessarily representing regeneration or restoration of function. The use of LASER in women with vulvodynia or lichen sclerosus should not be recommended in routine clinical practice. There is no biological plausibility or safety data on its use on this population of women. The available clinical studies do not present convincing data regarding the efficacy of LASER for the treatment of vaginal atrophy or urinary incontinence. Also, although short-term complications seem to be uncommon, data concerning long-term outcomes are lacking. Therefore, at this point, LASER is not recommended for routine treatment of the aforementioned conditions unless part of well-designed clinical trials or with special arrangements for clinical governance, consent, and audit.
Effect of adding daclatasvir in sofosbuvir-based therapy in genotype 3 hepatitis C: real-world experience in Pakistan
Authors: Sarwar Shahid , Tarique Shandana , Aleem Abdul , Khan Anwaar A. 
Published: February 2019

Objective
To determine real-world effect of adding daclatasvir (DCV) to chronic hepatitis C treatment by comparing sustained viral response of sofosbuvir (SOF)/DCV±ribavirin (RBV) and SOF+RBV combination in patients with genotype 3 hepatitis C.

Patients and methods
Patients with chronic hepatitis C, genotype 3, presenting at the DHMC Hepatology Clinic from October 2014 till March 2018 were treated initially with 6 months of SOF/RBV, and once DCV was available, with SOF/DCV±RBV for 3 or 6 months. Negative hepatitis C virus RNA by PCR, sustained viral response 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12), was the primary end point for per-protocol analysis.

Results
The mean age of the 440 enrolled patients was 51.04 (±11.9) years, and male to female ratio was 0.97/1 (217/223). Liver cirrhosis was present in 260 (59.1%) patients, and 89 (20.2%) had decompensated liver disease. Treatment-experienced patients were 124 (28.2%). We included 398 (90.4%) patients with completed follow-up in final analysis, excluding either dropped out, failed to complete therapy or died during follow-up. SVR12 was achieved in 366 (91.9%), being significantly lower (P=0.001) in patients with cirrhosis at 89.9% (205/228), and even lower SVR12 (P=0.006) in decompensated cirrhosis at 87.01% (67/77). SVR12 was also inferior (P=0.005) in treatment experienced patients at 85.8% (97/113) than treatment-naive patients at 94.3% (269/285). Among 285 patients treated with SOF/RBV, SVR12 was achieved in 264 (92.6%), which is not significantly different from SVR12 with SOF/DCV±RBV at 90.2% (102/113) (P=0.57).

Conclusion
In patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 3, SOF/RBV and SOF/DCV±RBV have similar sustained viral response, and patients with liver cirrhosis and past treatment experience have suboptimal response in Pakistan.
A randomized double-blinded sham-controlled cross-over trial of tined-lead sacral nerve stimulation testing for chronic constipation
Authors: Yiannakou Yan , Etherson Kevin , Close Helen , Kasim Adetayo , Mercer-Jones Mark , Plusa Stefan , Maier Rebecca , Green Susan , Cundall Jeremy , Knowles Charles , Mason James 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesSacral nerve stimulation (SNS) may provide long-term symptom relief to patients suffering from chronic constipation. Patients are currently selected for SNS using a 2-week peripheral nerve evaluation (PNE) comprising stimulation by temporary leads. However, only 40% of test responders receive long-term benefit from treatment meaning that healthcare costs per successfully treated patient are too high. The primary objective was to assess tined-lead testing to predict benefit from SNS for chronic constipation.Patients and methodsA randomized double-blind sham-controlled cross-over design evaluated enhanced PNE (ePNE) using tined quadripolar electrode leads over 6 weeks. The design differentiated between patients with discriminate and indiscriminate responses to testing. A score improvement of 25% or more was considered to be a positive response within a stimulation period. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients showing a reduction of at least 0.5 in constipation symptom score at 6 months.ResultsA total of 45 patients were randomized, of whom 29 (64.4%) were test-phase responders. Of these, 27 were implanted providing permanent SNS. During ePNE, seven (18%) were discriminate responders, 22 (56%) were indiscriminate responders and 10 (26%) were nonresponders. Six patients were withdrawn during the test phase because of infection or noncompliance. At 6 months, there was no significant difference in primary outcome between discriminate and indiscriminate responders (60 vs. 57%, P=0.76). The study was terminated prematurely because of a persistent infection rate of 10 (22%) during ePNE of which nine (20%) were severe.ConclusionePNE is a poor predictor of treatment response at 6 months. This suggests a strong and persistent placebo response during both SNS PNE and treatment. An extended 6-week PNE poses a high risk of infection.