bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scattering of FRBs by the Intergalactic Medium: Variations, Strength, and Dependence on Dispersion Measures
Authors: Zhu Weishan , Feng Long-Long , Zhang Fupeng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The scattering of fast radio bursts (FRBs) by the intergalactic medium (IGM) is explored using cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We confirm that the scattering by the clumpy IGM has significant line-of-sight variations. We demonstrate that the scattering by the IGM in the voids and walls of the cosmic web is weak, but it can be significantly enhanced by the gas in clusters and filaments. The observed nonmonotonic dependence of the FRB widths on the dispersion measures (DM) cannot determine whether the IGM is an important scattering matter or not. The IGM may dominate the scattering of some FRBs, and the host galaxy dominates others. For the former case, the scattering should be primarily caused by the medium in clusters. A mock sample of 500 sources shows that

at z < 1.5. Assuming that the turbulence follows Kolmogorov scaling, we find that an outer scale of L
0 ∼ 5 pc is required to make τ
IGM ∼ 1–10 ms at ν = 1 GHz. The required L
0 ∼ 5 pc can alleviate the tension in the timescales of turbulent heating and cooling but is still ∼4 orders of magnitude lower than the presumed injection scale of turbulence in the IGM. The gap is expected to be effectively shortened if the simulation resolution is further increased. The mechanisms that may further reduce the gap are shortly discussed. If future observations can justify the role of the IGM in the broadening of FRBs, it can help to probe the gas in clusters and filaments.
Current status of habitat monitoring in the European Union according to Article 17 of the Habitats Directive, with an emphasis on habitat structure and functions and on Germany
Authors: Ellwanger Götz , Runge Stephan , Wagner Melanie , Ackermann Werner , Neukirchen Melanie , Frederking Wenke , Müller Christina , Ssymank Axel , Sukopp Ulrich 
Published: October 2018

Since the beginning of the 1990s, monitoring of habitats has been a widespread tool to record and assess changes in habitat quality, for example due to land use change. Thus, Article 11 of the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) requires, inter alia, monitoring of the conservation status of habitat types listed in Annex I of the Habitats Directive, carried out by the Member States of the European Union (EU). This monitoring provides the foundation for the National Reports on the measures implemented and their effectiveness (Art. 17 Habitats Directive), which Member States have to submit to the European Commission every six years. Based on these requirements, Member States have developed different monitoring programmes or have adapted previously existing monitoring schemes to include relevant aspects of the Habitats Directive.
The parameter ‘structure and functions’ is a key parameter for the assessment of the conservation status of habitat types as it provides information on the quality of the habitats. A standardised questionnaire was developed and sent to the competent authorities of Member States to compare and analyse the assessment methods of the quality of habitat types. Responses were received from 13 of the 28 Member States, while it was possible to include another Member State in the analysis by evaluating appropriate literature.
The analysis revealed very different approaches and progress amongst the Member States in the development and implementation of monitoring programmes tailored to the reporting obligations of Article 17 of the Habitats Directive. Some Member States established a special standardised monitoring programme for Article 11 of the Habitats Directive, while others used data from already existing programmes (e.g. habitat mapping, large-scale forest inventories, landscape monitoring). Most Member States responding to the questionnaire use monitoring based on samples but the data collection, sample sizes and level of statistical certainty differ considerably. The same applies to the aggregation of data and the methods for the assessment of the parameter ‘structure and functions’. In contrast to the assessment of conservation status as part of the reporting obligations according to Article 17 of the Habitats Directive, no standardised EU guidelines exist for monitoring. The present study discusses differences in the monitoring programmes and evaluates them with regard to the objectives of comparable assessments of conservation status of habitat types in the National Reports of Member States or at a biogeographical level.
L’urgence et l’effroi
Authors: Grangé Ninon 
Published: October 2018

Ninon Grangé aborde l’état d’exception sous l’angle philosophique. L’ouvrage se consacre à une analyse diachronique en se référant à des textes d’histoire du droit et aux généalogies qui ont pu être proposées, et à une analyse synchronique qui s’appuie sur des sources philosophiques, sociologiques et politistes. La réduction et la suppression des libertés ne sont que la partie émergée de l’état d’exception tel qu’il a été récemment mis en place dans différents pays. Dans son appréhension philosophique, il révèle des aspects du politique qui, dans le temps ordinaire que l’on croit linéaire, sont invisibles.

L’ouvrage dessine une trame historique qui ramène l’état d’exception à son origine, l’état de siège qui, étonnamment, ne distingue plus guerre civile et guerre extérieure. Grâce à cet indice d’une ambivalence imprégnant d’emblée l’état d’exception, sont analysées différentes instrumentalisations : l’amalgame avec la guerre civile, l’idée de dictature, le non-droit. Ce livre se propose de montrer que le politique est toujours une manière d’imposer une temporalité contre d’autres temporalités, à la fois dévoilées et recouvertes par l’état d’exception.
Entre idéal et distanciation : la relation diasporique aux villages d’origine en Chine méridionale
Authors: Trémon Anne-Christine 
Published: October 2018

Un affaiblissement de la relation diasporique est observable aujourd’hui, tant chez les descendants d’émigrés issus des grandes vagues migratoires de la fin du xixe et début du xxe siècles que chez les habitants des localités d’origine dans la province du Guangdong en Chine. Les approches des diasporas qui n’en traitent que sous l’angle de formations discursives et culturelles ne permettent guère de tenir compte de l’effectivité pratique des liens sociaux et culturels, ou de l’historicité des processus d’entretien de la relation diasporique. Une approche attentive à la diachronie, à la morphologie sociale, et au vécu des acteurs, permet, au lieu de présumer leur continuité, de rendre compte des distensions, voire des ruptures des liens diasporiques, et des distorsions avec l’idéal de leur maintien. L’article montre, à partir d’une enquête auprès de la communauté chinoise en Polynésie française et d’un de leurs villages d’origine en Chine, que la relation diasporique, entendue ici principalement au sens de l’ensemble des liens au village d’origine, est en cours de délitement, voire en passe de se rompre.
A cross-sectional study of dentists about the need for a practice management course in undergraduate dental program
Authors: Nazir Muhammad Ashraf , Izhar Faisal , Tariq Kalsoom , Anjum Khalid Mehmood , Sohail Zaid Bin , Almas Khalid 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate dentists' opinions about the need for a practice management course in the undergraduate dental program. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 on practicing dentists in Lahore, Pakistan. A self-administered pilot-tested questionnaire was distributed among 588 dentists using a convenience sampling method to obtain their responses about the need for a practice management course. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: About 83.8% of 588 dentists completed the questionnaires. There were 36.7% of males and 63.3% of females (mean age 26.22 ± 4.8 years). The principles of patient management (94.1%), time management skills (90.3%), and teamwork (89.2%) were the most commonly agreed topics of the practice management course. The least agreed topics included office design (59.2%), health-care systems (60.9%), and inventory systems (69%). Most participants (74.4%) thought that a practice management course is required to successfully manage a dental practice, and 63% recommended to include the course in the dental curriculum. Multivariate logistic regression showed that dentists working in private clinic (odds ratio (OR): 3.35, P = 0.001), dentists with graduation within ≤ past 5 years (OR: 3.64, P = 0.001), and dentists who attended a practice management course (OR: 3.12, P = 0.001) were more likely to agree to the need of a practice management course to successfully run a dental office. Conclusion: Most dentists believed that a practice management course is required for a successful dental practice. The development and implementation of such a course should be based on the feedback from dentists to ensure evidence-based approaches.
Esthetic rehabilitation of anterior teeth with different thicknesses of porcelain laminate veneers: An 8-year follow-up clinical evaluation
Authors: Sá Tassiana Cançado Melo , de Carvalho Monize Ferreira Figueiredo , de Sá Julio Celso M. , Magalhães Claudia Silami , Moreira Allyson Nogueira , Yamauti Monica 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis clinical report describes an 8-year follow-up evaluation using different thicknesses of porcelain laminate veneers of diastema and malformed anterior teeth. Minimally invasive treatment with no preparation or minimal reduction options could be considered and chosen based on the characteristics of each case. Laminate veneers with or without reduction can offer an excellent result regarding esthetics and function. Despite its failure without reduction, this treatment is indicated because it can be applied regardless of the structure of the teeth. At first, no tooth preparation with rotatory instruments was performed, and porcelain laminates of minimum thickness were made for the four maxillary anterior teeth. After 6 years, the adhesive interfaces were stained, and the patient was unsatisfied with the esthetics of her smile. Therefore, at that time, the professional decided to prepare the anterior teeth for porcelain laminate veneers. Diastema closure and/or correction of malformed anterior teeth using porcelain laminate veneers is a viable option for the clinician because it restores esthetic harmony. The patient was very pleased with the new laminate veneers.
Bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expression of rat's Gingival mesenchymal stem cells cultured in platelet-rich fibrin for bone remodeling (in vitro study)
Authors: Nugraha Alexander Patera , Narmada Ida Bagus , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Dinaryanti Aristika , Hendrianto Eryk , Riawan Wibi , Rantam Fedik Abdul 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the osteogenic differentiation of rat GMSCs cultured in PRF for bone remodeling. Materials and Methods: GMSCs were isolated from the lower gingival tissue of four healthy, 250 g, 1-month old, male rats (Rattus norvegicus) cut into small fragments, cultured for 2 weeks, and subsequently passaged every 4–5 days. GMSCs isolated in passage 3 were characterized by CD34, CD45, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 using fluorescein isothiocyanate immunocytochemistry (ICC) examination. GMSCs in passage 3–5 cultured in five M24 plates (N = 108; n = 6/group) for 7, 14, and 21 days with three different mediums as follows: Control (−) group: α-Modified Eagle Medium; Control (+) group: High-dose glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM-HG) + osteogenic medium; and treatment group: DMEM-HG + osteogenic medium + PRF. GMSCs were osteogenic differentiation cultured in vitro in three different mediums by bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (OSC) marker using ICC monoclonal antibody. Statistical Analysis Used: The one-way analysis of variance was performed (P < 0.05) based on Shapiro–Wilk and Levene's tests (P > 0.05). Results: GMSCs were shown to present + CD44, +CD73, +CD90, +CD105 and − CD34, − and CD45 expression as MSCs markers. The treatment group showed the highest BALP expression (16.00 ± 1.732) on day 7, while OSC expression (13.67 ± 2.309) on day 21 showed the statistically significant difference between groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: GMSCs cultured in PRF demonstrated potential osteogenic differentiation ability capable of accelerating in vitro bone remodeling by enhancing BALP and OSC expression.
Evaluation of home bleaching gel modified by different thickeners on the physical properties of
enamel: An in situ study
Authors: Silva Bruna Guerra , Gouveia Thayla Helle Nunes , da Silva Marcelo de Assumpção Pereira , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi , Aguiar Flávio Henrique Baggio , Lima Débora Alves Nunes Leite 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: This in situ study evaluated the influence of 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in combination with different thickeners on physical characteristics of enamel. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four bovine blocks of enamel and dentin (4 mm × 4 mm × 2.5 mm) were divided into seven groups (n = 12), fixed in palatal intraoral devices, and submitted to different treatments: CP + carbopol (FGM), CP + carbopol + glycerin (ultradent), CP + natrosol (experimental gel), carbopol, carbopol + glycerin, and natrosol, without treatment (control group). The physical properties tested were color (ΔE), roughness (Ra), and Knoop microhardness (KHN). Statistical Analysis Used: Data were submitted to ANOVA, Tukey's, and Dunnett's tests (α = 0.05). Results: all groups presented significant color variation, except carbopol. For microhardness, all bleached groups did not differ from control. Roughness increased in all bleached groups when compared to the control group, but CP + natrosol presented statistical lower results than CP + carbopol. Conclusion: Replacement of carbopol by natrosol caused less change on roughness surface, at the same time yielding an effective whitening result.
Optimization of scanning electron microscope technique for amniotic membrane investigation: A preliminary study
Authors: Shehadat Saaid Al , Gorduysus Mehmet Omer , Hamid Suzina Sheikh Abdul , Abdullah Nurul Asma , Samsudin Abdul Rani , Ahmad Azlina 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the two scanning electron microscope (SEM) preparation protocols and determine the better SEM preparation technique to study stem cells on human amniotic membrane (hAM) scaffold. Materials and Methods: Formaldehyde-based protocol and glutaraldehyde-based protocol were compared to evaluate the quality of SEM images for stem cells cultured on hAM scaffold. Results: The results suggested that formaldehyde-based protocol is better than glutaraldehyde-based protocol in terms of showing clearer topography of the membrane as well as the boarders of the cells. To provide intact surface of the SEM sample and avoid possible ruptures of the hAM or the thin cell layer, it is recommended to perform the dehydration step using graded alcohol concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, one time for each and twice in 100% for 10 min each. Gold sputter-coating step is not recommended as it does not improve the image quality. Conclusions: To obtain clear SEM images, it is recommended to run a preliminary study to determine the better chemicals and conditions of sample preparation even when following preexisting protocols.
The anti-inflammatory effect of the platelet-rich plasma in the periodontal pocket
Authors: Abdul Ameer Lubaba A. , Raheem Zainab J. , Abdulrazaq Saif Saadedeen , Ali Basima Gh. , Nasser Maysaa Mahdi , Khairi Azza Wala Aldeen 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory disease that causes destruction to the supporting tissues of the teeth. Many treatment modalities tried to stop the disease progression. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is one of the regenerative methods that used in adjunct to conventional periodontal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of PRP by monitoring the lymphocyte count before and after its application to the periodontal pocket. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients, with CP and a pocket depth equal to or deeper than 4 mm, subjected to scaling, root planing, and PRP injection into the pocket. The lymphocyte count measured before and after 1 month from PRP application. Clinical periodontal parameters were taken during two visits (1 month apart), with customized stent fabrication. Results: All clinical periodontal parameters showed a reduction in their value following 1 month of PRP application. . There was a noticeable reduction in lymphocyte count from (mean 2.47 ± 0.91) to (mean 1.94 ± 0.77). Conclusion: In addition to its traditional uses, PRP has a great role in the periodontal treatment by its anti-inflammatory effect.
Desarrollo de competencias emocionales a través del Programa AEdEm para Educación Secundaria
Authors: Sánchez Calleja Laura , Rodríguez Gómez Gregorio , García Jiménez Eduardo 
Published: October 2018

Las competencias emocionales son cada vez más necesarias como medio para dar respuesta a las exigencias y retos que plantea una sociedad en constante cambio. El Programa de la asignatura de Educación Emocional (Programa AEdEm) para Educación Secundaria se elaboró con la intención de desarrollar estas competencias en un contexto educativo. El objetivo principal de este trabajo radica en presentar los resultados obtenidos y evidenciar en qué medida se desarrollan las competencias emocionales tras la aplicación del Programa AEdEm. Se ha utilizado un diseño cuasi-experimental pre-test -post-test sin grupo control para una muestra de 48 personas, pertenecientes a dos grupos-clase de 1º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Así mismo, sobre la base de un muestreo deliberado sobre el total de la muestra, se ha realizado un estudio de caso múltiple. Los resultados evidencian que el programa AEdEm favorece el desarrollo de todas las competencias, aunque de forma desigual, siendo la conciencia emocional y la autonomía emocional en las que se han obtenido resultados más evidentes.
DRYING AND BURNING CHARACTERISTICS OF IPÊ BRANCO WOOD CYLINDERS
Authors: Castro A. , Costa F. S. 
Published: October 2018

This work presents the drying and burning characteristics of Ipê Branco (Tabebuia rosco-alba) wood cylinders. The drying, self-ignition, flaming and smoldering phases under a constant heat flux are analysed. The effects of moisture content on characteristic times, mass evolution and consumption rates are described. The Ipê Branco cylinders presented flaming only for moisture contents equal or below 40% on dry basis. It is verified that the moisture content influences significantly the drying and flaming phases of the burning process of the Ipê Branco cylinders, however there is no significant effect on smoldering rates
THEORETICAL MODELING OF A TWO-PHASED THERMOSYPHON ASSUMING THE LIQUID RESERVATORY
Authors: Zanardi M. A. , Leite N. G. C. 
Published: October 2018

A theoretical modeling using the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations, about the intrinsic phenomena in the working of a cylindrical geometry two-phase thermosyphon operating on vertical was performed. The conservation equations were solved in steady-state operation for all the phases of the thermosyphon. Then model also assumed the presence of a liquid reservatory whose valves of the coefficient of heat transfer that determine the operation of functioning in the reservatory, were obtained from the correlation published in literature. The set of conservation equations was solved by using the method of finite volumes. The results achieved were checked with experimental data from literature and also from specific experiments performed in laboratory. In a general view, the theoric results matched reasonably well with those ones from the experiments, and the observed deviation were assumed by a inadequate prevision of the reservatory model used, besides keeping a stable level of the reservatory of liquid.
Potential Economic Benefits of Limited Clinical and Radiographic Follow-up After Plate Fixation of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Sanchez Morales Daniela , Borade Amrut , Serrano-Riera Rafael , Maniar Hemil H. , Sanders Roy W. , Horwitz Daniel Scott 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
The role of routine clinical and radiographic follow-up after clavicle fractures are healed was evaluated.

Methods:
A retrospective study performed in two level-1 trauma centers included 246 adults with healed clavicle fractures treated surgically between 2000 and 2013 and at least 24-month follow-up. Based on radiographs, changes in fracture alignment or implant position from union to final follow-up were documented. The average reimbursement for a follow-up clinical visit and a clavicle radiograph was estimated.

Results:
Mean time to union and mean time of follow-up were of 4.8 and 31.4 months, respectively. No changes in implant position or fracture alignment occurred after the fracture had healed. The amount reimbursed to our institution for two clinical visits and two clavicle radiographs was approximately $300 to $540.

Conclusion:
Once clavicle fractures are healed, further radiographic imaging does not provide any notable information. Limiting routine follow-up is safe and could be cost-effective for the healthcare system.

Level of Evidence:
Level-III retrospective cohort study
À l’assaut de la corporation sole : autonomie institutionnelle et financière chez les Franco-Américains du Maine, 1900-1917
Authors: Lacroix Patrick 
Published: October 2018

L’affaire de la Flint (1884-1886) et la controverse sentinelliste (1924-1929), faits marquants de l’histoire franco-américaine, illustrent la lutte des minorités francophones hors Québec pour leurs droits religieux. Une troisième confrontation, l’affaire de la corporation sole dans le diocèse de Portland (1909-1913), mérite une attention particulière en vertu des enjeux matériels soulevés par les revendications franco-américaines. Alors que « l’affaire du Maine » se produit sur fond de combat culturel, différentes interprétations de l’autorité épiscopale et divers intérêts financiers s’affrontent également. En effet, cette controverse, qui a retenti au Canada et à Rome, permet de mieux identifier les inquiétudes des Franco-Américains au-delà des questions culturelle et linguistique.
Störungen (2011) de David Hudry, ou la confrontation des diapasons à travers
l’emploi jumelé d’instruments baroques et modernes
Authors: Féron François-Xavier 
Published: October 2018

Dans Störungen (2011), le compositeur français David Hudry explore un
nouveau genre de mixité instrumentale en réunissant deux instrumentistes baroques et six
instrumentistes modernes. Composée dans le cadre de la huitième édition de l’Ensemble
Academy Freiburg organisée conjointement par l’ensemble recherche et le Freiburger
Barockorchester, cette oeuvre explore l’idée de dysfonctionnement et de dédoublement en
confrontant deux types d’instrumentarium, l’un baroque accordé à 415 Hz et l’autre
moderne accordé à 440 Hz. Cet article, qui s’articule autour d’un long entretien que le
compositeur nous a accordé au début de l’année 2018, revient sur la genèse de l’oeuvre et
souligne les enjeux et défis compositionnels propres à ce type d’effectif
instrumental.