bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prednisolone versus placebo addition in the treatment of patients with recent-onset psychotic disorder: A trial design
Authors: Nasib Lyliana G. , Sommer Iris E. , Rossum Inge Winter-van , de Vries Jacqueline , Gangadin Shiral S. , Oomen Priscilla P. , Judge Gurmeet , Blom Renske E. , Luykx Jurjen J. , Beveren Nico J.M. van , Veen Natalie D. , Kroken Rune A. , Kahn René S. , Johnsen Erik 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: The symptom severity of a substantial group of schizophrenia patients (30-40%) does not improve through pharmacotherapy with antipsychotic medication, indicating a clear need for new treatment options to improve schizophrenia outcome. Meta-analyses, genetic studies, randomized controlled trials and post-mortem studies suggest that immune dysregulation plays a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Some anti-inflammatory drugs have shown beneficial effects on the symptom severity of schizophrenia patients.. Corticosteroids are effective in various chronic inflammatory and auto-immune disorders. From the group of glucocorticosteroids, prednisolone has minor mineral-corticosteroid potencies, can adequately pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its side-effects and safety profile are well known. Therefore, a study into treatment with prednisolone can provide as a proof of concept for immune modulation as a treatment for schizophrenia.
Method: In total 90 subjects, aged 18-70 years, diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective or schizophreniform disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) 295.*) or psychosis NOS (not otherwise specified) (298.9) will be included. The time interval between the onset of psychosis and study entry should not exceed seven years. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to either prednisolone or placebo daily for a period of 6 weeks. Study medication will be initiated at 40 mg for three days, after which it will be tapered down within 6 weeks after initiation, following current treatment guidelines. Primary outcome is change in symptom severity, expressed as change in total score on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) from baseline to end of treatment. Cognitive functioning (measured through the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia; BACS) and change in Global Assessment Functioning (GAF) will be assessed, in addition to various immunological biomarkers. Secondary outcomes are a 4- and 6-month follow-up assessment of PANSS, BACS, GAF scores and immunological biomarkers. Additionally, a subgroup of patients can participate in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) part of the study where MR spectroscopy, structural, functional and diffusion MRI will be conducted.
Discussion: It is expected that prednisolone addition to current antipsychotic medication use will reduce symptom severity and will improve cognition when compared to placebo.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrails.gov NCT02949232 registered at 31 October 2016, retrospectively registered https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02949232?term=corticosteroid&cond=schizophrenia&rank=3 ; EudraCT-number 2014-000520-14 and 2017-000163-32.
PRELIMINARY FINDINGS ON PRODUCING ORGANIC VIDALIA ONIONS
Authors: Boyhan George E. , Hicks Raymond , Hill C. Randell 
Published: June 2019

There has been interest in producing Vidalia onions organically among both conventional and organic growers. In the 2000–01 season we began to look at producing onions organically. Starting with conventionally produced transplants that were transplanted at standard commercial spacings on beds prepared with 10.2–15.2 cm of incorporated compost and 2,802 kg·ha–1 rate of fresh poultry litter. This was sidedressed with an additional 2,500 less/acre (2,802 kg·ha–1) poultry litter. Yields were about half of conventional onion production. In 2002–03, production of organic transplants with 10.2 cm of incorporated compost with 2.24 t·ha–1 rate of poultry litter, which was followed by an additional sidedressing of 2.24 t·ha–1 rate of poultry litter resulted in similar findings. The weight of harvested transplants was about half that of conventionally produced transplants. In the 2002–03 and 2003–04 seasons various natural mulches were evaluated for weed control. They included wheat straw, oat straw, Bermuda hay, pine straw, and compost. None of these performed better than hand weeding and the wheat straw, oat straw, and Bermuda hay actually reduced yields apparently due to allelopathic effects. Finally in the 2003–04 season rates of poultry litter from 0–22.4 t·ha–1 were evaluated for transplant production with rates of 13.4, 17.9, and 22.4 t·ha–1
yielding plants comparable to conventional transplants. Work continues in the area of organic Vidalia onion production. One of the greatest challenge for future work will be finding a cost-effective and practical method of controlling weeds in transplant production.
Molecular and morphological characterization of Paurodontella composticola n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerulariidae) from Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Mehrab , Heydari Ramin , Kheiri Ahmad , Ye Weimin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A new species of the genus Paurodontella, P. composticola n. sp., collected from Nazar Abad City, Alborz Province, Iran, is described and illustrated. The new species has a body length of 803–1053 μ m (females n = 10) and 620 and 739 μ m (males n = 2). The cuticle is weakly annulated with four lateral lines. Cephalic region is annulated and continuous with body contour. The stylet is 8.0 to 9.0 μ m long with asymmetrical knobs. Esophageal basal bulb is present with a small posterior extension projecting into the intestine. Excretory pore is situated at the level of esophageal basal bulb region. Post-uterine sac is 5 to 8 μ m long and uterus is without diverticulum. Tails of both sexes are similar, short and sub-cylindrical. Males have 24 to 25 μ m long bursa leptoderan and spicules 24 or 25 µm long. A non-branching oviduct is present to form a uterine diverticulum; the new species is closely related to five known species of the genus, namely P. asymmetrica, P. balochistanica, P. densa, P. iranica and P. niger. It most closely resembles P. iranica, but differs from it morphologically by a shorter stem-like extension projecting into lumen of intestine and male with sub-cylindrical tail vs conoid. In addition to morphological comparisons, the molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 733 bp of the partial sequence of 28S D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit rDNA gene (LSU) revealed this as a new species.
Short‐Term Impacts of Conservation Agriculture on Soil Physical Properties and Productivity in the Midhills of Nepal
Authors: Laborde John P. , Wortmann Charles S. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , McDonald Andrew J. , Baigorria Guillermo A. , Lindquist John L. 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
Aggregation and time‐to‐pond were improved under conservation agriculture.Conventional practice had a higher sorptivity rate than conservation agriculture.Maize yields were similar for conservation agriculture and conventional practice in the first year of production.Maize yields were less in conservation agriculture than in conventional practice in the second year due to patchy plant stands in conservation agriculture.There were no differences in yield between conservation agriculture and conventional practice for rapeseed or wheat.
Conservation agriculture (CA) is a management system characterized by zero or minimum tillage, permanent soil cover with crop residue or plant growth, and crop rotation. This study investigated the impact of conservation tillage, crop type, and planting date on crop productivity and the soil physical properties for 2 yr following conversion to CA. After 2 yr, average mean weight diameter of dry aggregates for the 0‐ to 5‐cm and 5‐ to 10‐cm soil depths were 45 and 24% greater in the CA treatment than the conventional practice (CP) treatment, respectively. However, soil sorptivity was about three times slower in CA than in CP for rapeseed (Brassica napus L. toria) rotation treatments, but only 62% slower in CA than CP for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation treatments. Soil bulk density to a depth of 15 cm was greater in CA (1.30 g cm−3) than CP (1.24 g cm−3), but only for late‐planted treatments. Maize (Zea mays L.) yields for CA were not different from CP in the first year, but were 1.4 Mg ha−1 for CA and 5.0 Mg ha−1 for CP in the second year due to poor stand establishment under CA. There were no effects of CA on dry‐season rapeseed and wheat. Results suggest that during the transition of CP to CA, soil physical properties can be improved but yields may remain constant or decline. Achieving equivalent yield outcomes between CA and CP will largely depend on equivalent stand establishment.
Sesame Sole Crop and Intercrop Response to Fertilizer in Semi‐Arid Niger
Authors: Maman Nouri , Garba Maman , Abdou Gonda , Wortmann Charles S. 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
Sesame sole crop was highly responsive to fertilizer phosphorus.The profit potential for applied phosphorus was greater for sole crop than intercrop.Sesame did not respond to fertilizer nitrogen and potassium.Sesame‐pearl millet had greater productivity than the sole crops.Manure phosphorus had a high fertilizer phosphorus equivalent.
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a market crop of small‐scale farmers, particularly women, in the Sahel. Guidelines for soil fertility management may help to boost the productivity and profitability of sesame production. Research was conducted in 2016 and 2017 at Maradi and Magaria in Niger to determine nutrient response functions for sesame as a sole crop and intercropped with pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Sesame yield was doubled with high consistency across site‐years with 30 kg P ha−1 applied and the P response function was determined. Sesame yield was not increased with N and K application. Manure application increased sesame grain yield by 25% when no fertilizer was applied and by 6% with 15 kg P ha−1. The estimated fertilizer P equivalent value of manure P was 1.72 kg kg−1 for no fertilizer P, indicating that manure application increased crop uptake capacity for indigenous soil P through, for example, increased root growth. Intercropped sesame and pearl millet yields decreased by about 41% of sole crop yields on average but the land equivalent ratio was about 1.2 with intercropping compared with sole crop production. The economically optimal P application rate ranged from 14 to 34 kg P ha−1 for sesame sole crop and from 0 to 15 kg P ha−1 for the intercrop with pearl millet, with the ranges resulting from varying fertilizer P use costs relative to crop value. Fertilizer P use has high profit potential for sesame sole crops in the Sahel but less potential for sesame–millet intercrops.
Does No‐Tillage Mitigate Stover Removal in Irrigated Continuous Corn? A Multi‐Location Assessment
Authors: Stewart Catherine E. , Roosendaal Damaris L. , Sindelar Aaron , Pruessner Elizabeth , Jin Virginia L. , Schmer Marty R. 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
Long‐term residue removal with irrigation may degrade soil despite no‐tillage.
Residue removal was assessed across three irrigated corn no‐tillage sites.
Stover removal decreased soil organic C stocks by 6% and soil aggregation by 12%.
Stover removal did not affect soil microbial biomass or composition.
No tillage alone is not adequate to reduce erosion and maintain soil function.
No‐tillage (NT) may ameliorate negative effects on soil properties from corn (Zea mays L.) stover harvest, but few long‐term irrigated continuous corn production systems have been evaluated to test this hypothesis. We evaluated three long‐term no‐tillage sites (4–13 yr) in Nebraska and Colorado that spanned a range of precipitation and soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. We measured SOC, δ13C of SOC, soil microbial biomass (SMB) and composition (i.e., phospholipid fatty acids, PLFAs), and water stable aggregation at all sites under stover retention vs. removal (∼60%). Surface SOC stocks (0–30‐cm depth) increased across the gradient and were 46.4, 57.4, and 63.1 Mg C ha–1 for Colorado, central Nebraska, and eastern Nebraska, respectively. Overall, residue removal decreased SOC stocks by 6% and soil aggregation by 12% in the 0‐ to 30‐cm depth. The δ13C signature of SOC indicated less new surface C storage under residue removal in Colorado, but not at the two Nebraska sites. Residue harvest did not decrease SMB or change soil microbial community structure, suggesting that high plant productivity buffered community composition from stover harvest impacts under NT but stimulated microbial activity levels that led to SOC loss. The high rates of stover removal used in this study decreased SOC stocks and aggregation at all sites compared to residue retained treatments, suggesting that no‐tillage alone was not sufficient to maintain erosion protection and soil function.
El liderazgo vietnamita después del XII Congreso del Partido Comunista de Vietnam y la continuidad de las reformas económicas
Authors: De Miranda Mauricio , Vidal Pavel 
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo analiza los cambios en el liderazgo político vietnamita a partir de la celebración del 12º Congreso del Partido Comunista Vietnamita (PCV). Estos cambios son definitorios para la continuidad de la reforma y la inserción internacional de Vietnam, y son claves que requieren conocer los empresarios y funcionarios colombianos para poder penetrar un mercado que por el momento no ha sido aprovechado al máximo. En el nuevo Buró Político vietnamita fueron ratificados sólo siete de los 16 miembros del anterior equipo. Se ha fortalecido, al menos temporalmente, la posición del Secretario General Nguyen Phu Trong, lo que, junto a otras designaciones, otorga un leve giro hacia una tendencia “conservadora”. Pero ello no implica que se vayan a revertir las reformas, sino más bien que se reforzará el control político e ideológico del PCV.
buen vivir como sustento de la acción colectiva de los actores sociales y la comunidad del municipio de Choachí (Cundinamarca) frente a los megaproyectos
Authors: Muñoz Laura Marcela , Vergara María Alejandra 
Published: June 2019

En el presente artículo se realiza una descripción sobre los problemas que actualmente afectan a la comunidad de Choachí, ya que siguiendo lo planteado por el plan nacional de desarrollo del gobierno del presidente Juan Manuel Santos Todos por un nuevo país (20142018), se enmarca la construcción de megaproyectos asociados a la locomotora minero - energética como medio para el desarrollo económico del país.
De dicho plan de desarrollo, los proyectos que tienen una relación directa con el municipio de Choachí, se resaltan la Perimetral de Oriente Bogotá (poB), la red eléctrica Nueva Esperanza y el ejercicio minero ejercido en el corredor de páramos del oriente de Cundinamarca.Los proyectos, anteriormente mencionados, tienen un impacto muy fuerte en la comunidad, pues, en términos sociales y ambientales afectan las dinámicas territoriales que por tradición tiene el municipio.
Con el comienzo de estos mega-proyectos, como respuesta y reacción, la comunidad Chiguana se organizó para ejercer control sobre dichos proyectos, mediante una veeduría ciudadana, apoyada por nuevos actores sociales surgidos en el territorio; Casa maíz, Colectivo talanquera y el apoyo del grupo de abogados ambientalistas, liderado por Juan Ceballos, han sido ejemplo de la resistencia de la comunidad local.
Juventudes rurales en Colombia. Entre la exclusión vergonzante y la tutela incluyente
Authors: Pérez Espitia Milton 
Published: June 2019

¿Quiénes son los jóvenes rurales? Parece una pregunta adecuada desde la académica y lo gubernamental, pero resulta insuficiente socialmente por los ejercicios de dominación en los órdenes convencionales del poder y de los grupos sociales dominados en general, los cuales reproducen la dominación a nivel generacional. De acá, resulta interesante la pregunta sobre cómo fue y es ser joven rural en un momento y lugar concreto. De esta manera, el análisis por contrastación de esos dos referentes, es decir, los imaginarios de lo joven rural frente a las condiciones y tramas de vida juvenil, dan cuenta de las clausuras que operan sobre los jóvenes rurales; específicamente, la operación de los imaginarios arbitrarios que justifican la exclusión, pero también la imposición de una inclusión que mantiene relaciones de dominación y dependencia en el marco de una política “sobre” y “para” los jóvenes rurales, desconociéndolos y subsumiéndolos en un orden que les es ajeno. Pero aun en condiciones adversas de violencia armada y económica (la cual se justifica por la violencia simbólica que opera desde los marcadores identitarios de la edad y lo rural), los jóvenes rurales colombianos han generado contra-conductas donde emerge una política “de” estos sujetos sociales.Finalmente, aunque los jóvenes rurales son un grupo autopercibido como totalidad, no significa que no sientan, piensen y actúen con referentes más amplios en sus colectivos locales, regionales, nacionales y globales, invitando a una convergencia en diferencia para una política “con” jóvenes rurales a partir de encuentros urbano-rurales, intergeneracionales, de gobernanzas y multiescalares.Palabras clave: lo joven, lo rural, condiciones juveniles, tramas de vida juvenil, exclusión vergonzante, tutela incluyente.
Estimation of maximum scour depth downstream of an apron under submerged wall jets
Authors: Aamir Mohammad , Ahmad Zulfequar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn analysis of laboratory experimental data pertaining to local scour downstream of a rigid apron developed under wall jets is presented. The existing equations for the prediction of the maximum scour depth under wall jets are applied to the available data to evaluate their performance and bring forth their limitations. A comparison of measured scour depth with that computed by the existing equations shows that most of the existing empirical equations perform poorly. Artificial neural network (ANN)- and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system (ANFIS)-based models are developed using the available data, which provide simple and accurate tools for the estimation of the maximum scour depth. The key parameters that affect the maximum scour depth are densimetric Froude number, apron length, tailwater level, and median sediment size. Results obtained from ANN and ANFIS models are compared with those of empirical and regression equations by means of statistical parameters. The performance of ANN (RMSE = 0.052) and ANFIS (RMSE = 0.066) models is more satisfactory than that of empirical and regression equations.
Kalksteen. Kalk. Kalkmortel. Krijt. Plaaster. Pleister. Gips. Stuc
Authors: Deseyn Guido , Baldewijns Jeannine , Van Stapele Nicoline , Everaert Guido , Poulain Norbert , De Herdt René 
Published: June 2019

Kalksteen. Kalk. Kalkmortel Heldenmoed in tegenspoedTwee (on)bekende Gentse ornamentistenNe zijene papBoekbespreking
Pedro Martínez García, El cara a cara con el otro: la visión de lo ajeno a fines de la Edad Media y comienzos de la Edad Moderna a través del viaje
Authors: Muñoz Gómez Víctor 
Published: June 2019

<p>Reseña sobre Pedro Martínez García, <em>El cara a cara con el otro: la visión de lo ajeno a fines de la Edad Media y comienzos de la Edad Moderna a través del viaje.</em> Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Bern / Bruxelles / New York / Oxford, Wien: 2015.</p><p>Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación <em>Solidaridad y/o exclusión en las fronteras marítimas. Castilla en la Baja Edad Media</em> (Ref. HAR 2013-48433-C2-2-P), financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España</p>
Processos de tomada de consciência e reflexões acerca de “valores” em jogos de regras de caráter coletivo
Authors: Farias Stela Maris Vaucher , Becker Maria Luiza Rheingantz 
Published: June 2019

As reflexões apresentadas neste artigo originam-se dos estudos e resultados da pesquisa realizada no Colégio de Aplicação da UFRGS em 2009 e 2010. Este estudo busca investigar a maneira como os estudantes de quinta e sexta séries do Projeto Amora se apropriam dos mecanismos internos dos jogos de regras de caráter coletivo, como isso se dá por meio do processo de “tomada de consciência”(PIAGET, 1974) e quais os desdobramentos em termos da constituição de “valores de troca” e das possibilidades que emergem de um trabalho interdisciplinar. Esta pesquisa está associada ao Programa de Bolsas Primeira Ciência/UFRGS (2009/2010) e às atividades do projeto de pesquisas Contribuições da Epistemologia Genética para as Práticas Escolares da Faculdade de Educação da UFRGS. Os dados indicam a existência de uma complementaridade entre os processos de constituição de “valores” dos professores e dos estudantes. A realização de atividades interdisciplinares no contexto do Projeto Amora estaria favorecida quando a possibilidade de tornar mais flexível uma escala de valores fosse exercida intencionalmente. Esse processo contribuiria para a constituição de um trabalho pedagógico organizado, levando em consideração objetos comuns entre diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Constata-se, também, a relevância da utilização de aspectos essenciais do Método Clínico de Jean Piaget.
Comparacion de metodos control de la mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci. Gennadius) en fréjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en Vinces, Ecuador
Authors: Tapia Yánez Luís Humberto , Macías Hernández David Jesús , Morán Sánchez Nuvia Lucrecia , Narea Sánchez Fidel Ernesto , Morán Caicedo Ider Alfonso 
Published: June 2019

El cultivo de fréjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), es afectado por diversos insectos plaga destacándose la mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci G.) que le produce daños directos e indirectos sobre el área foliar mermando la productividad del cultivo en términos agronómicos y económicos. Se evaluó la incidencia de mosca blanca durante el ciclo vegetativo del cultivo de fréjol; Se determinó la estrategia más adecuada que permito regular las poblaciones del insecto; y se realizó un el análisis económico de los tratamientos propuestos en estudio. La presente investigación se llevó a cabo en la época seca del año 2016 en la Finca “San Luis”, de la ciudad de Vinces. Se aplicó el control botánico (Bioneem), control etológico (trampas de plástico amarillas), control biológico (Bauveria bassiana), control químico (Imidacoprit) y un testigo absoluto sin aplicación. Se utilizó el diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Para la comparación de las medias se utilizó la prueba de Duncan (p<0,05). Se encontró que todas las estrategias de manejo empleadas fueron estadísticamente superiores al testigo, pero inferiores al manejo químico de la plaga. De acuerdo al análisis económico el mejor ingreso neto lo alcanzó el control químico con $ 864,2, seguidamente el control biológico y el control botánico con $707.75 y $ 635.12 respectivamente.