bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building security in the arctic region of eastern Siberia
Authors: Amelchugov Sergei , Gofman Oksana , Mitskevich Oksana S , Danilovich Elena 
Published: December 2018

The article considered the process of global warming, which is mostly represented in the northern territories of Eastern Siberia. A growth of snowfall gradient and wind load gradient, resulting in building up of snowy thermal insulation layer, which prevents ground freezing, is analyzed. According to the preliminary calculations the forecast of thawing of the permafrost will completely degrade in the second part of the 21st century.
The increase of the temperature and the strength of the active layer lead to the building and structures deformation. Together with natural factors technogenic and anthropogenic factors have a great impact: effect from building operation, improper handling of pile-foundation (restricted ventilation of crawlway, no provided runoff), destruction of networks. The simulation model of climate fluctuation influence on thawing of the permafrost was developed. The melting process or correspondingly crystallization takes place during thawing/freezing of the permafrost.
Energy-saving irrigation management
Authors: Andreev Sergey , Zaginaylov Vladimir , Matveev Andris 
Published: December 2018

A significant part of the water resources used in agricultural production comes for irrigation. Due to the strong dependence of soil moisture on weather factors, the irrigation process must be carefully managed. To date, irrigation management is mainly carried out either as a function of soil moisture or according to a predetermined program. The article shows that both methods of management are imperfect since they can lead to a violation of agrotechnical requirements and waste of water.
In order to improve the quality of irrigation and eliminate overspending of water resources, it was proposed to manage the water in a combined way. In this case, the formation of the control action occurs according to the results of the comparison of the controlled variable and disturbing influences with the reference values. The controlled value is the soil moisture, and as disturbing influences are considered the temperature and humidity of the air, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, precipitation. In addition, the proposed irrigation management method takes into account the forecast of the synoptic services on precipitation, their intensity and duration. To obtain information on the controlled value, as well as on disturbing influences, appropriate measuring devices are used, and information on the prediction of precipitation is delivered from a specialized server via the Internet.
Before starting to use the control method, the agrotechnical requirements, the type, age and vegetation period of the plants are determined and set. The inclusion of irrigation equipment is carried out in accordance with the program and shut down - depending on the magnitude of the control signal.
Recombinant α- and β-tubulin from Echinococcus granulosus: expression, purification and polymerization
Authors: Liu Congshan , Yao Jiaqing , Yin Jianhai , Xue Jian , Zhang Haobing 
Published: December 2018

Echinococcosis, which causes a high disease burden and is of great public health significance, is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus species. It has been suggested that tubulin is the target of benzimidazoles, the only drugs for the treatment of echinococcosis. This study evaluated the characteristics of tubulins from Echinococcus granulosus. The full-length cDNAs of E. granulosus α- and β-tubulin isoforms were cloned by reverse transcription PCR from protoscolex RNA. Then, these two tubulin isoforms (α9 and β4) were recombinantly expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. Nickel affinity chromatography was used to purify and refold the contents of these inclusion bodies as active proteins. The polymerization of tubulins was monitored by UV spectrophotometry (A350) and confirmed by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that E. granulosus 1356 bp α9-tubulin and 1332 bp β4-tubulin encode corresponding proteins of 451 and 443 amino acids. The average yields of α9- and β4-tubulin were 2.0–3.0 mg/L and 3.5–5.0 mg/L of culture, respectively. Moreover, recombinant α9- and β4-tubulin were capable of polymerizing into microtubule-like structures under appropriate conditions in vitro. These recombinant tubulins could be helpful for screening anti-Echinococcus compounds targeting the tubulins of E. granulosus.
Der diurnale Rhythmus der Haut: Mythos oder Realität?
Authors: Ostermeier M. , Kerscher M. 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bisher weisen nur wenige Studien auf tageszeitabhängige Rhythmen des transepidermalen Wasserverlustes (TEWL), der Talgproduktion und des pH-Wertes hin. Detailliertere Beschreibungen des Hautbarriere-Rhythmus’ könnten für die Wahl des richtigen Zeitpunktes der dermalen Applikation von pharmazeutischen und kosmetischen Wirkstoffen von großer Bedeutung sein. Es ist denkbar, dass eine Optimierung der Wirkung oder Verträglichkeit dermatologischer Behandlungen erreicht werden kann. Somit ist es Ziel dieser Studie, den diurnalen Rhythmus der Hautbarriereparameter Hautrötung, transepidermaler Wasserverlust (TEWL), Stratum corneum-Hydratation, mechanische Eigenschaften, pH-Wert und Sebum zu erfassen.
Methoden Insgesamt 24 hautgesunde Probandinnen (21 – 39 Jahre) wurden innerhalb von 12 Stunden in einem 4-Stunden-Rhythmus an den Wangen und an der Stirn anhand biophysikalischer Messverfahren untersucht.
Ergebnisse Die Tageszeit wirkt sich auf die Barrierefunktion der Haut aus. Der mittlere Erythem-Wert ist nachmittags signifikant höher als morgens. Anhand der Datenanalyse ist zu erkennen, dass der TEWL-Mittelwert sich abends statistisch sehr signifikant gegenüber dem Mittelwert morgens unterscheidet.
Schlussfolgerung Die Erkenntnisse über die tageszeitliche Veränderung der Barrierefunktion können Aufschluss über ideale Zeitfenster verschiedener Kosmetikbehandlungen geben. Somit bietet z. B. ein erhöhter TEWL am Abend aufgrund der Permeabilität eine bessere Absorption von Wirkstoffen mit höherem Molekulargewicht.
Understanding Secure Messaging in the Inpatient Environment: A New Avenue for Communication and Patient Engagement
Authors: Sieck Cynthia , Walker Daniel , Hefner Jennifer , Volney Jaclyn , Huerta Timothy , McAlearney Ann 
Published: December 2018

Background Patient portals, and the secure messaging feature in particular, have been studied in the outpatient setting, but research in the inpatient setting is relatively less mature.
Objective To understand the topics discussed in secure messaging in the inpatient environment, we analyzed and categorized messages sent within an inpatient portal.
Materials and Methods This observational study examined the content of all secure messages sent from December 2013 to June 2017 within an inpatient portal at a large Midwestern academic medical center (AMC). We analyzed a total of 2,598 messages, categorizing them by sender (patient, family, or care team member), type, and topic, and conducted a descriptive analysis of categories and an examination of code co-occurrence.
Results Patients were the most frequent message senders (63%); family members sent the fewest messages (10%). We identified five types of messages: Alert/Request; Thanks; Response; Question; and Other (typo/test message). Patient messages included Alerts/Requests (38%), Questions (31%), Statements of Thanks (24%), Response (1.2%), and Other (5%). We also identified 14 nonmutually exclusive message topics: Medication; Procedure/Treatment Plan; Schedule; Pain; Results; Diet; Discharge; Non-Medication Questions; Provider Requests; Symptoms; Custodial; Technical Issues; Potential Error; and Contact Information. Patient message topics most commonly discussed Symptoms (18%), Procedure/Treatment Plan (14%), or Pain (12%).
Conclusion Our analysis of secure message content suggests certain message types and topics such as Alerts/Requests and Questions about symptoms and treatment plans are particularly important to patients. These findings demonstrate that both patients and family members utilize the secure messaging function to engage in the care process by posing questions, making requests, and alerting staff to problems. As this technology is implemented in additional facilities, future work should examine how use of secure messaging may be influenced by factors including patients' demographics, reasons for hospitalization, and length of stay.
Hearing Outcomes Reporting in Lateral Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Casazza Geoffrey , Bowers Christian , Gurgel Richard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHearing outcomes reporting has evolved significantly and new standards for reporting now enable a more precise and comprehensive representation of hearing outcomes. Hearing is one of the critical sensory domains contained within the lateral skull base and temporal bone. For those patients with serviceable hearing, hearing preservation is a key treatment goal. Pre- and postoperative hearing assessment is fundamental to the diagnostic evaluation of patients preparing to undergo lateral skull base surgery. Standardization in reporting these hearing outcomes is critical to compare the efficacy of different treatment options for lateral skull base lesions. Over the time, reporting of hearing outcomes has evolved from broadly categorizing patients into large groups to comparing individual patients which requires more specific datasets to compare pre- and posttreatment hearing outcomes. Future research in lateral skull base surgery will benefit from precise, accurate, and easily understood reporting outcomes, all of which will allow for more efficient comparability between studies and pooling of data for meta-analysis.
Anticoagulant-related nephropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Aquino Moura Karolinny Borinelli , Behrens Paula Marques Prates , Pirolli Rafaela , Sauer Aimee , Melamed Dayana , Veronese Francisco Veríssimo , da Silva André Luis Ferreira Azeredo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to report the prevalence and mortality associated with anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) through a systematic review of the literature.

Methods
Electronic searches were conducted in the Medline and EMBASE databases, and manual searches were performed in the reference lists of the identified studies. The studies were selected by two independent researchers, first by evaluating the titles and abstracts and then by reading the complete texts of the identified studies. Case series, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies and case–control studies reporting the prevalence and factors associated with ARN were selected. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses of the prevalence of ARN and 5-year mortality using the random effects model were performed when possible. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.

Results
Five studies were included. Prevalence of ARN ranged from 19% to 63% among the four included cohort studies. Meta-analysis of these resulted in high heterogeneity [I2 96%, summary effect 31%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 22–42%]. Subgroup meta-analysis yielded an ARN prevalence of 20% among studies that included patients with fewer comorbidities (I2 12%; 95% CI 19–22%). In a direct comparison, meta-analysis of the 5-year mortality rate between anticoagulated patients who had experienced ARN and anticoagulated patients without ARN, patients with ARN were 91% more likely to die (risk ratio = 1.91; 95% CI 1.22–3; I2 87%). Risk factors for ARN that were reported in the literature included initial excessive anticoagulation, chronic kidney disease, age, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and heart failure.

Conclusions
ARN studies are scarce and heterogeneous, and present significant methodological limitations. The high prevalence of ARN reported herein suggests that this entity is underdiagnosed in clinical practice. Mortality in patients with ARN seems to be high compared with patients without this condition in observational studies.
A Roadmap for the Development of the ‘SP Machine’ for Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Palade Vasile , Wolff J Gerard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper describes a roadmap for the development of the SP Machine, based on the SP Theory of Intelligence and its realization in the SP Computer Model. The SP Machine will be developed initially as a software virtual machine with high levels of parallel processing, hosted on a high-performance computer. The system should help users visualize knowledge structures and processing. Research is needed into how the system may discover low-level features in speech and in images. Strengths of the SP System in the processing of natural language may be augmented, in conjunction with the further development of the SP System’s strengths in unsupervised learning. Strengths of the SP System in pattern recognition may be developed for computer vision. Work is needed on the representation of numbers and the performance of arithmetic processes. A computer model is needed of SP-Neural, the version of the SP Theory expressed in terms of neurons and their interconnections. The SP Machine has potential in many areas of application, several of which may be realized on short-to-medium timescales.
Examining the Impact of Child Adversity on Use of Preventive Health Care among Children
Authors: Alcalá Héctor Ernesto , Dellor Elinam 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChild adversity has a negative impact on child and adult health. The present study aimed to determine whether adverse family experiences (AFEs) were associated with use of preventive health care (PHC) among children and whether insurance status affected this association. This study examined data from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health (N = 88,849) and included responses for children ages zero to 17 years. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds of using PHC from AFEs. Results were stratified by insurance status and confounders were accounted for. Among the entire sample and the insured, most AFEs were not associated with use of PHC. Among the uninsured, several AFEs—lived with parents or guardians who were separated, lived with parent or guardian who was incarcerated, witnessing or experiencing violence in the household, and living with anyone who had substance abuse problems—and the sum of AFEs were associated with increased use of PHC. Findings are consistent with newer research showing that some disadvantage or adversity is associated with more optimal use of PHC. In addition, uninsured children with a history of AFEs would benefit from insurance, given their increased use of PHC.
Diffraction by a quarter–plane. Analytical continuation of spectral functions
Authors: Assier R C , Shanin A V 
Published: December 2018

Summary
The problem of diffraction by a Dirichlet quarter-plane (a flat cone) in a 3D space is studied. The Wiener–Hopf equation for this case is derived and involves two unknown (spectral) functions depending on two complex variables. The aim of the present work is to construct an analytical continuation of these functions onto a well-described Riemann manifold and to study their behaviour and singularities on this manifold. In order to do so, integral formulae for analytical continuation of the spectral functions are derived and used. It is shown that the Wiener–Hopf problem can be reformulated using the concept of additive crossing of branch lines introduced in the article. Both the integral formulae and the additive crossing reformulation are novel and represent the main results of this work.
Deforestation in the Amazon: A Unified Framework for Estimation and Policy Analysis
Authors: Souza-Rodrigues Eduardo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDeforestation is a matter of pressing global concern, yet surprisingly little is known about the relative efficacy of various policies designed to combat it. This article sets out a framework for measuring the cost effectiveness of alternative policies—both command-and-control and incentive-based—in the Brazilian Amazon. First, I estimate the demand for deforestation on private properties, exploiting regional variation in transportation costs as a means to recover farmers’ responses to permanent policies. Here, rescaling transportation costs using local yields allows me to express changes in farmers’ valuations in dollars per hectare. I then use the estimated demand to infer farmers’ willingness to deforest under different counterfactual policies, such as payments to avoid deforestation and taxes on land use, along with the corresponding potential farmers’ lost surpluses. The results indicate that payment programmes and land use taxes on agricultural land can be highly effective in preserving the rainforest and also be substantially less expensive than command-and-control policies (approximately 8 times less costly). A carbon tax equal to the social cost of carbon could virtually eliminate all agricultural land in the Amazon, given the low agricultural returns there.
RISK ASSESSMENT FOR RADON EXPOSURE IN VARIOUS INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Chen Jing 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Using data from a number of radon surveys, it was assessed that on average, radon progeny concentrations in Canadian homes are about three times higher than in school buildings, 4.7 times higher than in public buildings and indoor workplaces, and 12 times higher than in outdoor air. Canadian statistics show that most Canadians spend ~70% of their time indoors at home, 20% indoors away from home and 10% in outdoors. Due to relatively higher radon concentration in residential homes and longer time spent indoors at home, the exposure at home contributes to 90% of the radon-induced lung-cancer risk.
Prostaglandin E2 in NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease: protection against cysteinyl leukotrienes and group 2 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Rusznak Mark , Peebles R. Stokes 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to describe the recent advances that have been made in understanding the protective role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), known in Europe as NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD).

Recent findings
Decreased PGE2 signaling through the EP2 receptor in patients with AERD leads to an increase in leukotriene synthesis and signaling. Leukotriene signaling not only directly activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells and mast cells, but it also increases production of IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. These cytokines drive Th2 inflammation in a suspected feed-forward mechanism in patients with AERD.

Summary
Recent discoveries concerning the role of PGE2 in leukotriene synthesis and signaling in AERD, as well as downstream effects on group 2 innate lymphoid cells and mast cells, allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. These discoveries also identify new paths of potential investigation and possible therapeutic targets for AERD.
The Yale Center for Biomedical Innovation and Technology (CBIT): One Model to Accelerate Impact From Academic Health Care Innovation
Authors: Siefert Alyssa L. , Cartiera Malgorzata S. , Khalid Ayesha N. , Nantel Michelle C. , Loose Christopher R. , Schulam Peter G. , Saltzman W. Mark , Dempsey Michael K. 
Published: December 2018

The process of translating academic biomedical advances into clinical care improvements is difficult, risky, expensive, and poorly understood. Notably, many clinicians who identify health care problems do not have the time or expertise to solve the problems, and many academic researchers are unaware of important gaps in clinical care to which their expertise may apply.Recognizing an opportunity to connect people who can identify health care problems with those who can solve them, the Yale Center for Biomedical Innovation and Technology (CBIT) was established in 2014 to educate and enhance the impact of health care innovators. The authors review other health care innovation centers and describe best practices borrowed by Yale CBIT, which tailored its activities and approach to its unique ecosystem.In four years, Yale CBIT has affected over 3,000 people and established a health care innovation cycle as an efficient strategy to guide translational research. Yale CBIT has created or supported graduate and undergraduate courses, clinical immersion programs for industry partners, and large health care hackathon events. Over 200 projects have been submitted to CBIT for mentorship, and some of those projects have been commercialized and raised millions of dollars of follow-on funding.The authors present Yale CBIT as one model of accelerating the impact of academic medicine on clinical practice and outcomes. The project advising strategy is intended to be a template to maximize the efficiency of biomedical innovation and ultimately improve the outcomes and experiences of future patients.
Identification of Adenosquamous Carcinoma as a Rare Aggressive HER2-negative Subgroup of Esophageal/Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jin Zhaohui , Holubek Marie , Sukov William R. , Sattler Christopher A. , Wiktor Anne E. , Jenkins Robert B. , Wu Tsung-Teh , Yoon Harry H. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Our purpose was to evaluate the prognostic impact of pathologically confirmed esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) and its association with HER2 status and clinicopathologic characteristics.

Methods:
Among 796 patients with esophageal or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection, surgical pathology reports were reviewed, and suspected ASC was confirmed utilizing p63 and CK5/6 immunostaining. HER2 status was determined using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cox models were used to assess the impact of ASC on disease-specific survival and overall survival.

Results:
Overall, 2.0% (16/796) of patients had esophageal ASC, mostly demonstrating a close intermingling of squamous and adenocarcinoma cells within the same tumor. The percentage of squamous versus adenocarcinoma cells in the primary was generally recapitulated in nodal metastases, and intrapatient internodal heterogeneity was uncommon. Patients with esophageal ASC were statistically significantly more likely to be female (vs. male), have normal (vs. excess) body mass index, and harbor HER2-negative (vs. positive) tumors, as compared with patients with adenocarcinoma only. No ASC tumor was HER2-positive as compared with 16% of adenocarcinoma only tumors (P=0.018). Compared with patients with adenocarcinoma only, those with ASC demonstrated profoundly worse disease-specific survival (5-year event-free rate, 34% vs. 6%; multivariate hazard ratio, 2.87 [95% confidence interval, 1.59-4.76]; P=0.0010) and overall survival (P=0.0027) that was independent of known prognostic factors and HER2 status.

Conclusion:
ASC identifies a rare aggressive HER2-negative subgroup of esophageal/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.