bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Host–Mycobacterial Pathogen Interactions between Resistant Adult and Tolerant Tadpole Life Stages of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Rhoo Kun Hyoe , Edholm Eva-Stina , Forzán María J. , Khan Adil , Waddle Anthony W. , Pavelka Martin S. , Robert Jacques 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum is a promiscuous pathogen infecting many vertebrates, including humans, whose persistent infections are problematic for aquaculture and public health. Among unsettled aspects of host–pathogen interactions, the respective roles of conventional and innate-like T (iT) cells in host defenses against M. marinum remain unclear. In this study, we developed an infection model system in the amphibian Xenopus laevis to study host responses to M. marinum at two distinct life stages, tadpole and adult. Adult frogs possess efficient conventional T cell–mediated immunity, whereas tadpoles predominantly rely on iT cells. We hypothesized that tadpoles are more susceptible and elicit weaker immune responses to M. marinum than adults. However, our results show that, although anti–M. marinum immune responses between tadpoles and adults are different, tadpoles are as resistant to M. marinum inoculation as adult frogs. M. marinum inoculation triggered a robust proinflammatory CD8+ T cell response in adults, whereas tadpoles elicited only a noninflammatory CD8 negative- and iT cell–mediated response. Furthermore, adult anti–M. marinum responses induced active granuloma formation with abundant T cell infiltration and were associated with significantly reduced M. marinum loads. This is reminiscent of local CD8+ T cell response in lung granulomas of human tuberculosis patients. In contrast, tadpoles rarely exhibited granulomas and tolerated persistent M. marinum accumulation. Gene expression profiling confirmed poor tadpole CD8+ T cell response, contrasting with the marked increase in transcript levels of the anti–M. marinum invariant TCR rearrangement (iVα45-Jα1.14) and of CD4. These data provide novel insights into the critical roles of iT cells in vertebrate antimycobacterial immune response and tolerance to pathogens.
Relações lógico-inferenciais no uso dos conectivos porque e já que: um estudo comparativo entre Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Superior
Authors: Dos Santos Sabrina Lopes , Garcia Daniela , Maia Marcus 
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a comparative study between Elementary School and Undergraduate Education investigating the use of connectives já que and porque in sentences with inferential causal relations established through inductive and deductive logical reasoning. As the acquisition of some connectives is related to schooling and consequent exposure to the written modality, this work can contribute to raising questions about the relationship between the acquisition of this modality and its influence on the way we interpret logical-inferential relations. In this paper, we present a forced-choice judgment test in which participants should choose between the connectives já que and porque when they are exposed to sentences with direct and indirect causal relationships. Our hypothesis was that, in indirect cause relationships, individuals with more experience in reading would choose já que, but individuals with little experience should choose mainly porque in both cases.
Wintertime aerosol measurements during the Chilean Coastal Orographic Precipitation Experiment
Authors: Fults Sara Lynn , Massmann Adam K. , Montecinos Aldo , Andrews Elisabeth , Kingsmill David E. , Minder Justin R. , Garreaud René D. , Snider Jefferson R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Chilean Coastal Orographic Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE) was a
3-month field campaign (June, July and August 2015) that investigated
wintertime coastal rain events. Reported here are analyses of aerosol
measurements made at a coastal site during CCOPE. The aerosol monitoring
site was located near Arauco, Chile. Aerosol number concentrations and
aerosol size distributions were acquired with a condensation particle
counter (CPC) and an ultra high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer (UHSAS).
Arauco CPC data were compared to values measured at the NOAA observatory
Trinidad Head (THD) on the northern Pacific coast of California. The
winter-averaged CPC concentration at Arauco is 2971 ± 1802 cm−3; at THD the average is 1059 ± 855 cm−3.
Despite the typically more pristine South Pacific region, the Arauco
average is larger than at THD (p<0.01). Aerosol size distributions
acquired during episodes of onshore flow were analyzed with Köhler
theory and used to parameterize cloud condensation nuclei activation
spectra. In addition, sea salt aerosol (SSA) concentration was parameterized
as a function of sea surface wind speed. It is anticipated these
parameterizations will be applied in modeling of wintertime Chilean coastal
precipitation.
Reactie op het artikel ‘Ontwikkelingen rondom toelating en uitzetting’ van J. Sybesma
Authors: Hu-a-ng W.A.M. 
Published: October 2019

Reactie op het artikel ‘Ontwikkelingen rondom toelating en uitzetting’ van J. Sybesma
Reactie op het artikel ‘Ontwikkelingen rondom toelating en uitzetting’ van J. Sybesma.
Análise do impacto de choques na taxa de juros Selic e do IPI sobre produção industrial
Authors: Samate Alfa Iaia Sidico , De Lima Renata Barros , Cavalcanti André Marques , Melo André De Souza 
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo é um estudo empírico, realizado por meio da revisão da literatura, que pretende i) investigar e descobrir a possível relação entre a taxa básica de juros Selic e o Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados (IPI) sobre a Produção Industrial; ii) responder às crescentes discussões sobre a efetividade de diferentes medidas do governo inclusive a redução do IPI, visando estimular a competitividade do setor industrial do país; iii) verificar a possível influência da política monetária do governo para o controle da inflação por meio da subida da taxa de juros sobre a variável econômica da produção industrial. Por se tratar de três variáveis de pesquisa, utilizou-se o modelo de Vetores autorregressivos (VAR), analisando como a produção industrial responde a choques na variação das taxas Selic e IPI. Foi verificado, que a produção industrial reage tanto às variações na taxa Selic quanto ao IPI. Esse, por sua vez, reage a choques na taxa Selic, o que acaba por refletir no comportamento da produção industrial.
Grading AG Szpunar's Opinion in Case C-18/18 – A Caution against Worldwide Content Blocking as Default
Authors: Svantesson Dan 
Published: October 2019

On 4th of June 2019, Advocate General Szpunar delivered his Opinion in Case C-18/18 between Eva Glawischnig-Piesczek (an Austrian politician) and Facebook Ireland Limited. The politician had sought to have certain current and future content – argued to be defamatory – blocked by Facebook with worldwide effect. This is arguably the most important Internet speech-related case currently before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and will doubtlessly influence court reasoning far beyond Europe.This Comment analyses AG Szpunar’s interesting, but problematic, Opinion with particular emphasis on his reasoning in relation to the question of scope of jurisdiction; that is, what is the appropriate geographical scope of orders in these circumstances, rendered by a court that has personal jurisdiction and subject matter jurisdiction.
Algorithmic Copyright Enforcement and AI: Issues and Potential Solutions through the Lens of Text and Data Mining
Authors: Tóth Andrea Katalin 
Published: October 2019

Although digitalization and the emergence of the Internet has caused a long-term crisis for copyright law, technology itself also seems to offer a seemingly ideal solution to the challenges of digital age: copyright has been a major use case for algorithmic enforcement from the early days of digital rights management technologies to the more advanced content recognition algorithms. These technologies identify and filter possibly infringing content automatically, effectively and often in a preventive fashion. These methods have been criticized for their shortcomings, such as the lack of transparency, bias and the possible impairment of fundamental rights. Self-learning machines and semi-autonomous AI have the potential to offer even more sophisticated and expeditious enforcement by code, however, they could also aggravate the aforementioned issues. As the EU legislator envisions to make the use of such technologies essentially obligatory for certain online content sharing service providers (via the infamous Article 17 of the directive on copyright in the digital single market), the assessment of the situation in light of future technological development has become a current topic.This paper aims to identify the main issues and potential long-term consequences of creating legislation that practically requires the employment of such filtering algorithms as well as their solutions. This paper focuses on the potential role a broad copyright exception for text and data mining could play in counterbalancing the issues associated with algorithmic enforcement.
Reliabilita a konstruktová validita metody Relationship Assessment Scale
Authors: Kvardová Nikol , Radimecká Monika , Drápalová Marie , Širůček Jan 
Published: October 2019

Předkládaná studie se zabývala ověřením vybraných psychometrických charakteristik metody Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS), která zjišťuje partnerskou spokojenost. V rámci ověření byla zjišťována reliabilita metody v podobě vnitřní konzistence a konstruktová validita prostřednictvím souvislosti metody RAS s dimenzemi partnerské spokojenosti, partnerské shody a partnerské soudržnosti metody Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS), která zjišťuje partnerské přizpůsobení. Za účelem ověření těchto vlastností metody byla sesbírána data od 232 respondentů, data byla sesbírána po internetu. Reliabilita metody byla v rámci současné studie zjištěna jako uspokojivá pro výzkumné účely. Souvislosti mezi faktorem partnerské spokojenosti metody RAS a faktory partnerské spokojenosti a soudržnosti metody RDAS podpořily hypotézu o konstruktové validitě metody RAS. Silný pozitivní vztah mezi faktorem partnerské spokojenosti metody RAS a faktorem partnerské shody metody RDAS nepodpořil hypotézu o konstruktové validitě, tento výsledek poukazoval na možnou shodu těchto dvou konstruktů. Výsledek však mohl být způsoben škálou partnerské shody metody RDAS, která na výzkumném vzorku současné studie nemusela fungovat jako spolehlivý ukazatel shody mezi partnery. Na základě výsledků byla navržena revize modelu.
A review of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Caribbean, Central America and Mexico
Authors: Onuferko Thomas M. 
Published: October 2019

The cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 is for the first time reviewed for species occurring in the Caribbean, Central America and Mexico, and a single dichotomous identification key to the females and males of species present or likely to be present in these regions is presented. A total of 25 species have been confirmed as present across the region, although another 10 likely occur south of the Mexico–United States border. Three species are newly described—E. hanusiae sp. nov., E. nomadiformis sp. nov. and E. odyneroides sp. nov.—and redescriptions are provided for species occurring exclusively south of the United States of America (species occurring north of Mexico were recently revised elsewhere) except E. danieli (Genaro, 2014) comb. nov., which was recently described. One subspecies is elevated to species level (E. obscuripes Cockerell, 1917 stat. nov.). The following five names are newly synonymized under those of four valid species: Trophocleptria schraderi Michener, 1954 syn. nov. under E. boliviensis Friese, 1908, Tro. odontothorax Michener, 1954 syn. nov. under E. claripennis Friese, 1908, E. rugosus Cockerell, 1949 syn. nov. and E. xanthurus Cockerell, 1917 syn. nov. under E. luteipennis Friese, 1916, and E. schmidti Friese, 1925 syn. nov. under E. obscuripes. A diagnosis is provided for the presumably monophyletic and almost entirely Neotropical species group originally regarded as a separate genus, Trophocleptria Holmberg, 1886. Differential diagnoses accompany the descriptions / redescriptions of Neotropical species of Epeolus, and known collection records and information about their ecology are presented.
Evaluating the Use of Octreotide for Acquired Chylothorax in Pediatric Critically Ill Patients Following Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Bui Annie , Long Courtney J. , Breitzka Robin L. , Wolovits Joshua S. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of octreotide on time to resolution of chylothorax compared with conventional therapy. Secondary outcomes include the following: time to reduction of chest tube output by 20%, additional surgeries for chylothorax, hospital length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and adverse drug reactions.METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of octreotide vs conventional therapy for treatment postoperative chylothorax in pediatric patients in the cardiac ICU following surgery for congenital heart disease between October 2008 and June 2017.RESULTS Final analysis included 32 patients with chylothorax who met inclusion criteria. Patients who received octreotide had a longer duration of chest tube drainage than those who received conventional therapy (24 vs 9 days, p &lt; 0.001). Resolution of chylothorax was achieved in 13 of 16 (81.3%) octreotide patients and 16 of 16 (100%) conventional patients (p = 0.178). There was a comparable time to reduction by 20% in drainage (6 vs 8 days, p = 0.337). There was no significant correlation between time after starting conventional management and reduction chylous output in either the octreotide or conventional therapy group (p = 0.809, p = 0.107, respectively). However, there was a significant and moderate correlation between octreotide and reduction in a chylous output following initiation of octreotide (R2 = 0.464, p = 0.021).CONCLUSIONS Octreotide is potentially a safe and effective therapy for treatment in pediatric patients with refractory chylothorax following surgery for congenital heart disease.
Antibiotic-Induced Neutropenia During Treatment of Hematogenous Osteoarticular Infections in Otherwise Healthy Children
Authors: Solis Krystian , Dehority Walter 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES We studied the frequency and characteristics of antibiotic-induced neutropenia in otherwise healthy children receiving antibiotic therapy for hematogenous osteoarticular infections (OAIs).
METHODS We retrospectively enrolled otherwise healthy children between 1 month and 18 years of age discharged with an OAI from our institution over an 11-year period. An absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≤1500 cells/μL was defined as neutropenia. We recorded demographic and clinical information, as well as the value and timing of each ANC in relation to changes in antibiotic therapy. A multivariable regression model assessed the contributions of various risk factors.
RESULTS A total of 186 children were enrolled (mean age, 7.6 years; 67.2% boys). β-Lactams represented 61.2% of all prescriptions. During treatment, 61 subjects (32.8%) developed neutropenia (median time to onset, 24 days). An ANC &lt; 500 cells/μL occurred in 7 subjects (3.8%). Neutropenic subjects (mean age, 6.0 years) were significantly younger than those without neutropenia (mean age, 8.5 years) (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79–0.93; p &lt; 0.001) and received significantly longer courses of total (89.3 vs. 55.8 days) and parenteral (24.6 vs. 19.9 days) antibiotic therapy (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01–1.02; p = 0.004 and OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.04; p = 0.041, respectively). Recurrent neutropenia occurred in 23.0% of all neutropenic subjects and was significantly more common in those with a longer mean duration of parenteral therapy (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.09; p = 0.004.). No complications from neutropenia occurred.
CONCLUSIONS Neutropenia was common in our cohort of children receiving prolonged antibiotic therapy for OAIs. Younger age and longer courses of therapy were associated with an increased risk of neutropenia.
Vitamin D in the Foot and Ankle: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Malhotra Karan , Baggott Paul J. , Livingstone Julian 
Published: October 2019

Background
Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that targets several tissues and organs and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. Vitamin D deficiency is common, particularly at higher latitudes, where there is reduced exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. We reviewed the role of vitamin D and its deficiency in foot and ankle pathology.

Methods
The effects of vitamin D deficiency have been extensively studied, but only a small portion of the literature has focused on the foot and ankle. Most evidence regarding the foot and ankle consists of retrospective studies, which cannot determine whether vitamin D deficiency is, in fact, the cause of the pathologies being investigated.

Results
The available evidence suggests that insufficient vitamin D levels may result in an increased incidence of foot and ankle fractures. The effects of vitamin D deficiency on fracture healing, bone marrow edema syndrome, osteochondral lesions of the talus, strength around the foot and ankle, tendon disorders, elective foot and ankle surgery, and other foot and ankle conditions are less clear.

Conclusions
Based on the available evidence, we cannot recommend routine testing or supplementation of vitamin D in patients with foot and ankle pathology. However, supplementation is cheap, safe, and may be of benefit in patients at high risk for deficiency. When vitamin D is supplemented, the evidence suggests that calcium should be co-supplemented. Further high-quality research is needed into the effect of vitamin D in the foot and ankle. Cost-benefit analyses of routine testing and supplementation of vitamin D for foot and ankle pathology are also required.
In vivo acute toxicity evaluation and in vitro molecular mechanism study of antiproliferative activity of a novel indole Schiff base β-diiminato manganeseIII complex in hormone-dependent and triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Farghadani Reyhaneh , Seifaddinipour Maryam , Rajarajeswaran Jayakumar , Abdulla Mahmood Ameen , Mohd Hashim Najihah Binti , Khaing Si Lay , Salehen Nur’ain Binti 
Published: October 2019

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the anticancer effects of transition metal complexes of indole Schiff bases. β-diiminato ManganeseIII complex has shown promising cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In this study, time- and dose- dependent inhibitory activity were evaluated using MTT assay after 48 h and 72 h exposure time. In addition, median effect analysis was conducted according to Chou–Talalay method to investigate whether MnIII complex has synergistic effect in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs on inhibiting breast cancer cell growth. The molecular mechanisms underlying its potent antiproliferative effect was determined through bioluminescent caspase-3/7, -8 and -9 activity assays and quantitative expression analysis of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes. Furthermore, safety evaluation of MnIII complex was assessed through the acute oral toxicity test in in vivo model. The MTT assay results revealed that it potently reduced the viability of MCF-7 (IC50 of 0.63 ± 0.07 µg/mL for 48 h and 0.39 ± 0.08 µg/mL for 72 h) and MDA-MB-231 (1.17 ± 0.06 µg/mL for 48 h, 1.03 ± 0.15 µg/mL for 72 h) cells in dose- and time-dependent manner. Combination treatment also enhanced the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin but not tamoxifen on inhibiting breast cancer cell growth. The involvement of intrinsic and extrinsic pathway in apoptosis induction was exhibited through the increased activity of caspase-9 and caspase-8, respectively, leading to enhanced downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activity in treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed that MnIII complex exerts its antiproliferative effect via up-and down-regulation of p21 and cyclin D1, respectively, along with increased expression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, TNF-α, initiator caspase-8 and -10 and effector caspase-3 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. However, the results did not show increased caspase-8 activity in treated MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, in vivo acute oral toxicity test revealed no signs of toxicity and mortality in treated animal models compared to the control group. Collectively, the promising inhibitory effect and molecular and mechanistic evidence of antiproliferative activity of MnIII complex and its safety characterization have demonstrated that it may have therapeutic value in breast cancer treatment worthy of further investigation and development.
Integrative transcriptome data mining for identification of core lncRNAs in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Zhuang Jing , Liu Lijuan , He Zhengguo , Liu Cun , Ma Xiaoran , Li Jie , Ding Xia , Sun Changgang 
Published: October 2019

Background
Cumulative evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in tumorigenesis. This study aims to identify lncRNAs that can serve as new biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis or screening.

Methods
First, the linear fitting method was used to identify differentially expressed genes from the breast cancer RNA expression profiles in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Next, the diagnostic value of all differentially expressed lncRNAs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Then, the top ten lncRNAs with the highest diagnostic value were selected as core genes for clinical characteristics and prognosis analysis. Furthermore, core lncRNA-mRNA co-expression networks based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were constructed, and functional enrichment analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The differential expression level and diagnostic value of core lncRNAs were further evaluated by using independent data set from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Finally, the expression status and prognostic value of core lncRNAs in various tumors were analyzed based on Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA).

Results
Seven core lncRNAs (LINC00478, PGM5-AS1, AL035610.1, MIR143HG, RP11-175K6.1, AC005550.4, and MIR497HG) have good single-factor diagnostic value for breast cancer. AC093850.2 has a prognostic value for breast cancer. AC005550.4 and MIR497HG can better distinguish breast cancer patients in early-stage from the advanced-stage. Low expression of MAGI2-AS3, LINC00478, AL035610.1, MIR143HG, and MIR145 may be associated with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.

Conclusion
Our study provides candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer, as well as a bioinformatics basis for the further elucidation of the molecular pathological mechanism of breast cancer.