bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silver and Gold Ions Recovery from Batch Systems Using Spirulina platensis Biomass
Authors: Cepoi Liliana , Zinicovscaia Inga , Chiriac Tatiana , Rudi Liudmila , Yushin Nikita , Miscu Vera 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In order to assess ability of Spirulina platensis to recover silver and gold ions from the environment the bioaccumulation of silver and gold ions and their effect on growth, proteins and carbohydrates content of Spirulina platensis biomass was studied. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) in concentration range 0.01-1 mg/dm3 and tetrachloroaurate Na[AuCl4] in concentration range 18.5-370 mg/dm3 were added as component of the Spirulina platensis cultivation medium. In case of silver two cultivation media were studied: standard and Cl-free. The process of silver and gold uptake was traced using neutron activation analysis. Presence of silver ions in standard cultivation medium reduced biomass productivity by 66 %, while in Cl-free biomass productivity was reduced by 11.8 % only. The reduction of proteins content by 30 % in Cl-free medium and by 19 % in standard medium was also observed. The experiments showed that in case of gold ions loading, the biomass productivity and protein content were reduced only at high Na[AuCl4] concentration in the medium. The behaviour of carbohydrates content change was similar under silver and gold loadings: decrease at low metal concentration followed by increase at high metal concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy allowed observation of spherical metal nanoparticles, which were formed extracellularly during silver and gold bioaccumulation. Spirulina platensis can be used for recovery of precious metals as well as metal nanoparticles production.
Perspectives of Hydrogen Production from Corn Wastes in Poland by Means of Dark Fermentation
Authors: Sołowski Gaweł , Konkol Izabela , Cenian Adam 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A model for calculating the maximal theoretical production of hydrogen from corn wastes is proposed. The model has been used to estimate the potential for hydrogen production from cereals wastes such as wheat, barley, and corn which are cultivated in Poland. The potentials for Pomorze and other regions of Poland are compared. The hydrogen produced from cereal wastes in Poland could potentially meet 47 % of national hydrogen demand.
Extraction of phytosterols from melon (Cucumis melo) seeds by supercritical CO2 as a clean technology
Authors: Ekinci Mustafa Serhat , Gürü Metin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) which is known as a clean technology was carried out to extract oil from melon (Cucumis melo) seeds. SC-CO2 extraction technique does not contaminate extracts. SC-CO2 is not a toxic and a flammable solvent. Phytosterols, natural and bioactive compounds, which is known to provide protection against various chronic diseases were examined in the seed oil by using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were detected in the melon seed oil. SC-CO2 extractions were performed in a range of 30-55°C, 150-240 bar, 7-15 g CO2/min, 0.4-1.7 mm (mean particle size of the seeds) and 1-4 h. The optimal quantities of extracted oil, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were 36.8 g/100 g seed, 304 mg/ kg seed and 121 mg/ kg seed, respectively, at 33°C, 200 bar, 11 g CO2/min, 0.4 mm and 3 h.
Water vapour sorption properties of thermally modified and pressurised hot-water-extracted wood powder
Authors: Lillqvist Kristiina , Källbom Susanna , Altgen Michael , Belt Tiina , Rautkari Lauri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of the study was to investigate the water vapour sorption behaviour of thermally modified (TM) wood powder, e.g. ground wood prepared from waste streams of TM solid wood, and wood powder that was extracted in pressurised hot water. Solid spruce wood was TM in steam conditions (210°C for 3 h), milled and hot-water-extracted (HWE) at elevated pressure (140°C for 1 h). The results evidence that the hot-water extraction reduced the water sorption and the accessible hydroxyl group concentration by the removal of amorphous carbohydrates. In contrast, the enhanced cross-linking of the cell wall matrix and the annealing of amorphous matrix polymers during thermal modification reduced the sorption behaviour of wood additionally, without further reducing the hydroxyl accessibility. These additional effects of thermal modification were at least partially cancelled by hot-water extraction. The results bring novel insights into the mechanisms that reduce the water vapour sorption of wood by compositional and structural changes induced by heating.
On the travel time tomography problem in 3D
Authors: Klibanov Michael V. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Numerical issues for the 3D travel time tomography problem with non-overdetemined data are considered. Truncated Fourier series with respect to a special orthonormal basis of functions depending on the source position is used.
In addition, truncated trigonometric Fourier series with respect to two out of three spatial variables are used.
First, the Lipschitz stability estimate is obtained.
Next, a globally convergent numerical method is constructed using a Carleman estimate for an integral operator.
Emerging 2D materials for room-temperature polaritonics
Authors: Ardizzone Vincenzo , De Marco Luisa , De Giorgi Milena , Dominici Lorenzo , Ballarini Dario , Sanvitto Daniele 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Two-dimensional semiconductors are considered intriguing materials for photonic applications, thanks to their stunning optical properties and the possibility to manipulate them at the nanoscale. In this review, we focus on transition metal dichalcogenides and low-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, which possess the same characteristics related to planar confinement of their excitons: large binding energies, wide exciton extension, and high oscillator strength. We describe their optoelectronic properties and their capability to achieve strong coupling with light, with particular attention to polariton-polariton interactions. These aspects make them very attractive for polaritonic devices working at room temperature, in view of the realization of all-optical logic circuits in low-cost and easy-to-synthesize innovative materials.
The correlation between the water retention values of fibers by the centrifugation method and maximum content of fiber bonding water by the headspace GC method
Authors: Wang Ruo-Yun , Mo Wen-Xuan , Shen Xiao-Nin , Li Bo , Chai Xin-Sheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work conducted an investigation on the water retention value (WRV) of pulp fibers measured by the conventional centrifugation method (with a screen filter) and the maximum content of fiber bonding water (MCFBW) measured by a headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC), a method with no fine loss, developed recently. The results showed there is an excellent correlation (R2=0.988{R^{2}}=0.988) between these two methods. However, the WRVs measured by the centrifugation method are consistent lower than the MCFBWs from the HS-GC method and the absolute differences were significantly increases for the refined pulp fibers, i. e., about 50–70 compared to 30+ for the pulps without treatment. The information from this study provides the insight of the real WRVs of the pulps from different processes.
Deeper insight into the morphological features of sunflower stalk as Biorefining criteria for sustainable production
Authors: Mehdikhani Hassan , Jalali Torshizi Hossein , Dahmardeh Ghalehno Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEffective utilization of fibrous materials plays a major role in techno-economic viability of the resources. Sunflower stalk (SS) as one of highest bio-fibrous waste was assessed respect to fiber features in biorefinery approach. The lumen diameter, wall thickness and fiber length were measured as (∼12 µm), (5.25 µm) and (1.58 mm), respectively. The wider lumen diameter makes its suitable for chemical treatments and purification. The applied Pulping conditions decreased the fiber length and wall thickness, with the least reduction by soda-anthraquinone. Derived indices involved rigidity and flexibility coefficients, aspect and Runkel ratios, solid and Luce’s shape factors were also calculated based on the measured values. The aspect ratio (77.5) put SS fibers as very good resources for lignocellulosic products and composites. The flexibility coefficient (57) belongs to the elastic category and was not altered by pulping. The Runkel ratio was lesser than 1 (>0.9) but decreased by the pulping, to some extent. The Luceʼs shape factor was nearly calculated 0.5, near to the bagasse and eucalyptus species. Solid factor (0.17) and rigidity coefficient (0.51) were considered to be good fiber resource. Totally due to the SS fiber characteristics, the agricultural waste suitability for value adding bio-based production could be reported.
Modal functioning of rhetorical resources in selected multimodal cartoons
Authors: Pedrazzini Ana , Scheuer Nora 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFirstly, this paper aims to analyze how verbal and visual modes contribute to build two basic components of cartoons: the referenced situation and the fictional situation. Secondly, it aims to unravel the semiotics of this discursive genre by offering a fine-grained picture of modal variations and continuities of the rhetorical resources deployed, by means of which the fictional situation is displayed. The corpus is composed of 50 multimodal cartoons chosen by cartoonists of 22 nationalities as the most representative of their work in the frame of a wide questionnaire. Category analysis and non-parametric statistics were applied. We identified and fleshed out four different types of modal functioning of resources: visual preference, verbal preference, modal flexibility, and genuine multimodal functioning. Even if visual and multimodal metaphor were often in charge of transferring meaning from fiction to the referenced situation, results show that other resources such as antithesis, irony, and syllepsis can become the key resources of cartoons. Findings highlight the multilayered functioning of cartoons, among which plastic features can play a significant role, and provide further evidence in favor of the hyperdetermination of humor hypothesis proposed by Attardo.
Income Inequality and Economic Growth: Heterogeneity and Nonlinearity
Authors: Hailemariam Abebe , Dzhumashev Ratbek 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between income inequality and economic growth in a broad panel of countries over the period from 1965 to 2014. We utilize an improved dataset for inequality with reduced measurement errors, which fosters cross-country comparability. In addition, we investigate whether accounting for heterogeneity across countries alters the estimated effect of inequality on growth, and whether the inequality-growth nexus varies with the level of income inequality. Our estimates show that after accounting for heterogeneity, the nonlinear growth effect of income inequality remains statistically and economically significant. We find a threshold effect of inequality on economic growth, and this threshold is higher for developing economies than for developed economies.
Zwischen Ressource und Belastung
Authors: Motakef Mona 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungIn der Prekarisierungsforschung ist das Interesse an den sozialen Netzwerken und Nahbeziehungen von unsicher Beschäftigten gewachsen, da davon ausgegangen wird, dass die subjektive Wahrnehmung der Erwerbslage besser nachvollziehbar wird. Der Beitrag bearbeitet die Frage, wie prekär beschäftigte Paare ihre Prekarität wahrnehmen und deuten und welche Bedeutung ihre Paarbeziehung dabei erhält. Prekarität wird aber nicht auf Erwerbsarbeit reduziert, sondern im Anschluss an geschlechtersoziologische Arbeiten auf den Lebenszusammenhang erweitert. Datengrundlage bilden drei- bis fünfstündige teilleitfadengestützte, narrative Paarinterviews sowie später folgende Einzelinterviews, die zwischen 2014 und 2016 erhoben wurden. Die Auswertung orientierte sich an den Grundlagen der wissenssoziologischen Hermeneutik. Es werden zwei Fallrekonstruktionen vorgestellt und kontrastiert: erstens das Arrangement eines männlichen Alleinernährers und einer Hausfrau sowie zweitens einer Familienernährerin und eines selbstständigen Partners. Im Ergebnis wird deutlich, wie vergeschlechtlichte Zuschreibungen an Frauen und Männer im Binnenverhältnis der Paare aktualisiert werden, aber auch an Bedeutung verlieren können. Dies wirkt sich wiederum auch darauf aus, ob sich die Paarbeziehung für die Partner*innen als Ressource oder als Belastung darstellt.
Diş hekimliğinde bulk fill kompozit rezinler
Authors: AYDIN Numan , KARAOĞLANOĞLU Serpil , OKTAY Elif Aybala , TOKSOY TOPÇU Fulya , DEMİR Funda 
Published: July 2019

Diş hekimliğinde kullanılan restoratif materyallerdeki gelişmeler, amalgam ile restore edilebilen geniş posterior kavitelerde kompozit rezinlerin kullanımına olanak sağlamıştır. Posterior dişlerin restorasyonunda kullanılan kompozit rezin materyallerin mekanik ve estetik özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi kullanım kolaylığı beklentisini beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu amaçla kullanılan bulk tekniği ve bu teknikle uygulanan kompozit rezin materyaller son yıllarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kompozit rezinlerdeki gelişmelere rağmen bu restorasyonlarda zaman içerisinde oluşan problemler genellikle kompozitlerin polimerizasyon büzülme stresi ile ilişkilendirilir.Polimerizasyon büzülmesini azaltmak amacıyla kompozitlerin inkremental teknik ile (tabakalar hâlinde) uygulanması önerilmektedir. Fakat kompozitlerin inkremental yerleştirmesi derin kavitelerde ışınlama sayısını ve uygulanma süresini artırmaktadır. Yeni nesil bulk fill kompozitler gelişmiş translusent yapı ve farklı fotoaktif başlatıcı içermektedirler. Bu özellikleri nedeniyle diş kavitelerine daha büyük kütleler hâlinde yerleştirilebilmektedir. Bu kompozitlerin geleneksel kompozitlere göre artan ışınlama derinliği ve polimerizasyon büzülme stresini azaltılması, restoratif diş hekimliğinde heyecan uyandıran bir yenilik olmuştur. Bu derlememizin amacı; yeni nesil bulk fill kompozitleri ticari örnekleri ile analiz ederek, bu kompozitlerin özellikleri, avantajları ve kullanımları hakkında bir literatür incelemesi sunmaktır.
Mutations in the S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase Genes SAM1 and SAM2 Differentially Affect Genome Stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hoffert Kellyn M , Higginbotham Kathryn S P , Gibson Justin T , Oehrle Stuart , Strome Erin D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Maintenance of genome integrity is a crucial cellular focus that involves a wide variety of proteins functioning in multiple processes. Defects in many different pathways can result in genome instability, a hallmark of cancer. Utilizing a diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae model, we previously reported a collection of gene mutations that affect genome stability in a haploinsufficient state. In this work we explore the effect of gene dosage on genome instability for one of these genes and its paralog; SAM1 and SAM2. These genes encode S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetases, responsible for the creation of AdoMet from methionine and ATP. AdoMet is the universal methyl donor for methylation reactions and is essential for cell viability. It is the second most used cellular enzyme substrate and is exceptionally well-conserved through evolution. Mammalian cells express three genes, MAT1A, MAT2A, and MAT2B, with distinct expression profiles and functions. Alterations to these AdoMet synthetase genes, and AdoMet levels, are found in many cancers, making them a popular target for therapeutic intervention. However, significant variance in these alterations are found in different tumor types, with the cellular consequences of the variation still unknown. By studying this pathway in the yeast system, we demonstrate that losses of SAM1 and SAM2 have different effects on genome stability through distinctive effects on gene expression and AdoMet levels, and ultimately separate effects on the methyl cycle. Thus, this study provides insight into the mechanisms by which differential expression of the SAM genes have cellular consequences that affect genome instability.
Implications of Early Decline in eGFR due to Intensive BP Control for Cardiovascular Outcomes in SPRINT
Authors: Beddhu Srinivasan , Shen Jincheng , Cheung Alfred K. , Kimmel Paul L. , Chertow Glenn M. , Wei Guo , Boucher Robert E. , Chonchol Michel , Arman Farid , Campbell Ruth C. , Contreras Gabriel , Dwyer Jamie P. , Freedman Barry I. , Ix Joachim H. , Kirchner Kent , Papademetriou Vasilios , Pisoni Roberto , Rocco Michael V. , Whelton Paul K. , Greene Tom 
Published: July 2019

Significance Statement
In the Systolic BP Intervention Trial (SPRINT), intensive targeting of systolic BP (goal <120 mm Hg) versus standard targeting (goal of <140 mm Hg) significantly reduced risks of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. However, the intensive intervention also resulted in greater early reduction of eGFR in the first 6 months, raising the question of whether reductions in eGFR resulting from intensive BP control worsen an individual’s health status. In causal mediation analyses of SPRINT data, the authors found no evidence that this early eGFR decline either mediated or modified the beneficial effects of intensive systolic BP lowering on cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality. However, longer-term follow-up studies with causal modeling are needed to better understand the downstream effects of the early reduction in eGFR that results from intensive systolic BP lowering.

Background
The Systolic BP Intervention Trial (SPRINT) found that intensive versus standard systolic BP control (targeting <120 or <140 mm Hg, respectively) reduced the risks of death and major cardiovascular events in persons with elevated cardiovascular disease risk. However, the intensive intervention was associated with an early decline in eGFR, and the clinical implications of this early decline are unclear.

Methods
In a post hoc analysis of SPRINT, we defined change in eGFR as the percentage change in eGFR at 6 months compared with baseline. We performed causal mediation analyses to separate the overall effects of the randomized systolic BP intervention on the SPRINT primary cardiovascular composite and all-cause mortality into indirect effects (mediated by percentage change in eGFR) and direct effects (mediated through pathways other than percentage change in eGFR).

Results
About 10.3% of the 4270 participants in the intensive group had a ≥20% eGFR decline versus 4.4% of the 4256 participants in the standard arm (P<0.001). After the 6-month visit, there were 591 cardiovascular composite events during 27,849 person-years of follow-up. The hazard ratios for total effect, direct effect, and indirect effect of the intervention on the cardiovascular composite were 0.67 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.56 to 0.78), 0.68 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.79), and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.03), respectively. All-cause mortality results were similar.

Conclusions
Although intensive systolic BP lowering resulted in greater early decline in eGFR, there was no evidence that the reduction in eGFR owing to intensive systolic BP lowering attenuated the beneficial effects of this intervention on cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality.
Distorted Love: Mapplethorpe, the Neo/Classical Sculptural Black Nude, and Visual Cultures of Transatlantic Enslavement
Authors: Nixon Lindsay 
Published: July 2019

In the fall of 2016 and the winter of 2017, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts exhibited a retrospective of photography by Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-1989) entitled “Focus: Perfection.” Tenets of queer possibility exhibited in the “Sculptural Body” portion of “Focus: Perfection” depicted a white modernity that reproduced the biopolitics of the transatlantic slave trade among contemporary white and Black queer peoples in America—namely, in New York’s queer community—through the reinforcement and circulation of imagery depicting sexualized Black peoples in psychic and physical bondage. With his photographs depicting the body parts of Black men, Mapplethorpe reifies the biopolitics of the transatlantic slave trade in two ways. First, the classical use of marble as sculptural material, or in Mapplethorpe’s case the neoclassical use of photographed skin as sculptural material that references the classical use of marble, adheres to aesthetic principles devised from Western, colonial discourse that sexualize and degrade Black bodies. Secondly, Mapplethorpe reproduces what Michal Hatt has called a “structure of spectatorship. By constructing Black men’s bodies in inherent opposition to whiteness, no matter how idealized, it is a white audience that is presumed as the patron of Mapplethorpe’s sculptural photography of Black men. Given the themes of sadomasochism throughout Mapplethorpe’s photographs of Black men, these images outright reference fantasies of domination from an era transatlantic enslavement in the U.S. With “Focus: Perfection,” the MMFA unwittingly condoned Mapplethorpe’s portrayal of Black men in chattel bondage, available to be owned by Mapplethorpe’s presumed white viewership through intimate knowledge of, and control over, their bodies and sexual lives.
Fishy Pleasures: Unsettling Fish Hatching and Fish Catching on Pacific Frontiers
Authors: Woelfle-Erskine Cleo 
Published: July 2019

In debates over Puget Sound salmon recovery, the Wild Steelhead Federation, a settler sportfishing advocate, argues that hatchery-raised steelhead lack fighting spirit, and figures them as unnatural. The Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission and its member tribes operate hatcheries as strategy for maintaining fish runs until degraded habitats can be restored, and figure hatcheries as one of many sites of making relations. Although the genetic science mobilized on all sides of this debate is fairly new, settler discourses that, on the one hand, blame tribal harvest for salmon decline and, on the other hand, construe sportfishing as central to settler family-making and masculinities, have roots going back to the notion of the frontier itself. As a slantwise intervention in this debate, I consider sportfishing as a site and strategy for making settler sexualities, by examining visual archives that document historical practices of sportfishing and the technologies on which contemporary salmon and trout sportfishing depends: the reservoir, the fish hatchery, and the fishing pole. Tracing arguments about Nature and settler masculinities back to the origins of fish culture in hatcheries through the writing of George Perkins Marsh, I argue labeling either normative settler sexualities and gender relations or the flooded spawning grounds beneath reservoirs as unnatural threatens co-constituted settler sexualities and reworkings of “natural” landscapes.