bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug-induced Airway Hematoma
Authors: Dahiya Vijeyta , Ramachandran K , Divya GM , Muhammed Faisal 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Drug-induced airway hematoma is a very rare condition. The incidence of hemorrhage with anticoagulants is 6.8%. We hereby present the case reports of two such cases. Both patients presented with dysphagia and throat pain. One was on warfarin and the other was on aspirin. Examination revealed laryngeal and retropharyngeal hematoma respectively. Discontinuation of drugs and reversal of anticoagulation improved the symptoms. In the second case, retropharyngeal hematoma was drained. These cases highlight the importance of suspecting this entity in patients on drugs, especially anticoagulants who present with upper aerodigestive tract symptoms. Timely intervention and reversal of coagulopathy can save the patients.

How to cite this article
Divya GM, Dahiya V, Ramachandran K, Muhammed F. Drug-induced Airway Hematoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):187-189.
Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma of the Lower Eyelid: Rare Tumor involving Rare Site
Authors: Suresh TN , Sagayaraj A , Harshita TR , Mohiyuddin Azeem 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
Synovial sarcoma of eyelid is extremely rare. We are reporting a case of massive synovial sarcoma of lower eyelid extending to soft tissues over the anterior wall of maxilla.

Case report
A 58-year-old male patient presented with a large mass involving the left lower eyelid and extending over the soft tissues of the anterior wall of the maxilla since 15 years. Clinical examination showed a firm soft tissue mass measuring 16 × 8 × 6 cm involving the left lower eyelid and extending to soft tissues over the maxilla. The mass showed ulceration and was bleeding on touch.
Computed tomography scan showed an exophytic lobulated heterogeneously enhancing mass lesion with intense enhancing capsule measuring 14 × 9.3 × 8.4 cm with few internal areas of necrosis arising from left preseptal region. The lesion was causing erosion at the medial wall and floor of left orbit.
It was clinically diagnosed as hemangiopericytoma. The patient was taken up for surgery and wide excision of the tumor and medial maxillectomy was done. The defect was reconstructed with a glabellar flap.

How to cite this article
Mohiyuddin A, Sagayaraj A, Harshita TR, Suresh TN. Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma of the Lower Eyelid: Rare Tumor involving Rare Site. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):190-192.
Frontal Sinus Surgery: The State of the Art
Authors: Marino Michael J , McCoul Edward D 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Review and describe the essential components of modern frontal sinus surgery.

Background
Frontal sinus surgery has evolved considerably over the last century, and advances in imaging, optics, and instrumentation have contributed to contemporary treatment paradigms. Outcomes assessment has had an important role in identifying indications for surgery and future areas of research.

Review results
Numerous advancements are part of modern frontal sinus surgery and the treatment of frontal sinusitis. Anatomic studies have revealed variations that are associated with disease and pose challenges for surgery. Open approaches remain relevant in situations of difficult disease or as part of combined approaches. Endoscopic surgery, however, is central to contemporary surgical management of frontal sinus disease. Evolving instrumentation and the development of new implantable devices are increasingly relevant in the endoscopic era. Outcomes research has refined indications for surgery and identifies areas for ongoing research.

Conclusion
State-of-the-art frontal sinus surgery is the product of significant evolution and advancement. Modern surgery is reflective of improved optics and new instrumentation, and the central role of endoscopic approaches in treating frontal sinus disease. Outcomes research has been essential for developing an evidenced-based approach to frontal sinus surgery.

Clinical significance
A review of the essential components of state-of-the-art frontal sinus surgery for the practicing otolaryngologist.

How to cite this article
Marino MJ, McCoul ED. Frontal Sinus Surgery: The State of the Art. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1): 5-12.
Deep Neck Space Infections in Children: Has Anything changed?
Authors: Kavanagh Katherine R , Valdez Tulio A 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The diagnosis and management of pediatric deep neck infections (DNIs) has changed over the last three decades. Improvements in imaging techniques, antibiotics and airway management have resulted in a significant decrease in the overall morbidity and mortality.
Knowledge of clinical features of DNIs in children is important because these uncommon infections may be associated with airway compromise or complications due to involvement of contiguous vital structures. Most often, these infections are due to Gram-positive organisms but polymicrobial infections are also well described. There is no consensus on management, with some authors advocating an aggressive surgical approach and others favoring a trial of medical management prior to surgical intervention. Surgical management is often indicated in young children, large abscesses, or those complicated by extension to critical structures. Once the source of the abscess or DNI is controlled and purulent collections drained, antibiotic therapy can often be transitioned to an oral agent, provided there is evidence of clinical improvement.

How to cite this article
Kavanagh KR, Valdez TA. Deep Neck Space Infections in Children: Has Anything changed? Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):77-82.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: Controversies in Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Ingram David G , Friedman Norman R 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To discuss commonly encountered diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Background
Pediatric OSA is a fairly common childhood disorder, affecting 1 to 5% of all children and much larger proportions of children with selected comorbidities. Untreated OSA is associated with deleterious effects on neurobehavioral outcomes, cardiovascular health, and growth.

Results
We discuss several important diagnostic dilemmas, including when to obtain a preoperative polysomnogram (PSG), the relationship between OSA and sleep-disordered breathing, and limitations of conventional PSG-derived metrics. Management challenges commonly encountered in clinical practice include defining surgical cure and providing reliable estimates for families preoperatively, issues related to the use of positive airway pressure, and emerging alternative and complementary therapeutic modalities.

Conclusion
While recently published clinical practice guidelines have provided important standards for the diagnosis and management of pediatric OSA, many areas of uncertainty remain.

Clinical significance
We provide a review of current diagnostic and therapeutic controversies relevant to the practicing clinician.

How to cite this article
Ingram DG, Friedman NR. Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: Controversies in Diagnosis and Management. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):83-88.
Imaging of Pediatric Neck Masses
Authors: Sajedi Payam , Shet Narendra 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Pediatric neck masses comprise a wide spectrum of entities, benign and malignant. The role of imaging is to characterize these lesions, in order to better determine which can be expectantly managed and which require immediate intervention. An important consideration in the pediatric population is ionizing radiation; while X-ray and CT can be useful, radiation can have harmful effects, particularly in children. In this article, we review imaging feature of common pediatric neck masses, with emphasis on radiation sparing modalities (ultrasound and MRI) when possible.

How to cite this article
Sajedi P, Shet N. Imaging of Pediatric Neck Masses. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):89-96.
A Clinical Approach to the Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Shivakumar AM , Shivanandappa Praveen D , Doddamane Veena P , Munish KS , Yogeesha BS 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimTo present the clinicopathological profile, surgical management, and the outcome of parapharyngeal space (PPS) neoplasms in 14 patients.Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective review of the clinical records of 14 patients treated for PPS tumors. The age of patients ranged from 24 to 54 years, with female to male ratio of 1.3:1. The commonest clinical presentation was a slowgrowing, painless neck swelling. The preoperative protocol was based on: (1) imaging study to establish site, size, and anatomical relationships. (2) Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed to determine the nature of the mass. Details of the management, morbidity, and outcome of these patients are presented.ResultsA total of 85.7% of the PPS neoplasms were benign and 14.2% were malignant. Majority of the benign tumors were of neurogenic origin. The histocytopathology confirmed 12 (85.7%) of these diagnoses (2 patients were with “nondiagnostic” result). The positive predictive value of the FNAC was 83.3% for benign tumors and 100% for malignant tumors. In 6 patients (60%), a transcervical surgery was performed. Three patients (30%) underwent transparotid–transcervical surgery for a pleomorphic adenoma of the deep lobe of the parotid gland in the prestyloid space and transcervical–transmandibular approach was taken in 1 case (10%). Postoperative complications occurred in 3 out of 10 patients (33.3%).ConclusionThe results of our study are in agreement with other studies reported in the literature and confirm the need to follow a careful preoperative diagnostic protocol that must take advantage of imaging studies (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) and of cytology FNAC, in order to plan surgical treatment with a safe approach and that reduces complications, esthetic and functional damage, and the risk of recurrence.How to cite this articleShivanandappa PD, Doddamane VP, Munish KS, Yogeesha BS, Shivakumar AM. A Clinical Approach to the Parapharyngeal Space. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(1):1-4.
The Aggressive Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report and Institutional Review
Authors: NG Sze-How , Hadi Imisairi Ab 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
To report a case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) with huge ulcer and to review our experience with these aggressive tumors in our hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the presentation, treatment and survival of all the patients who were diagnosed with ATC at Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II (HRPZ II), Kota Bharu, Malaysia from 2004 to 2010. A 63-year-old woman presented to outpatient clinic with history of anterior neck swelling for more than 10 years. She complained of rapid increase in size with huge ulcer and associated with hoarseness of voice and shortness of breath over 1 month period. She was investigated and the diagnosis of ATC was established. However, she refused for any surgical intervention and eventually succumbed during the palliative treatment 5 months later. ATC is a very rare thyroid cancer and usually presents at a very late stage with significant morbidity and mortality. Early detection, new therapeutic strategies and more studies especially based on molecular approaches may probably more helpful for better survival results in the future.

How to cite this article
Sze-How NG, Imisairi AH. The Aggressive Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report and Institutional Review. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):20-22.
Pheochromocytomas, MEN 2A and Pregnancy: A Case Report with Review of the Literature
Authors: Thompson Geoffrey B , Dy Benzon M , Podgaetz Eitan , Young William F 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Pheochromocytoma in pregnancy is a rare condition with an estimated incidence of one in 54,000 pregnancies. Pheochromocytoma in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A develops in approximately 40% of the patients with this germline mutation. MEN 2A patients with pheochromocytoma are often asymptomatic compared to those with nonsyndromic pheochromocytoma. We present a 28-year-old pregnant woman with a known MEN 2A mutation who was incidentally found to have a pheochromocytoma. She underwent an uncomplicated laparoscopic right adrenalectomy after proper α- and α-adrenergic blockade. Her serum fractionated metanephrines normalized prior to discharge from the hospital. The remainder of her pregnancy was uneventful and she delivered a health baby at term. Pheochromocytoma in pregnancy requires careful management to assure the well being of both the mother and the fetus. In pregnancy, laparoscopic surgical removal of the pheochromocytoma is feasible with excellent results when performed in the second trimester. In late pregnancy, medical management with close monitoring of the mother and fetus is recommended until fetal maturity is achieved. In the third trimester, cesarean section followed by open adrenalectomy is the preferred operation. An integrated and multidisciplinary approach with close communication among the endocrinologist, surgeon and perinatal services is paramount to achieve excellent outcomes for both patients. Women with MEN 2 should be advised to refrain from pregnancy until updated biochemical and imaging studies have ruled out pheochromocytoma.

How to cite this article
Dy BM, Podgaetz E, Young WF, Thompson GB. Pheochromocytomas, MEN 2A and Pregnancy: A Case Report with Review of the Literature. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):29-32.
An Unusual Cause of Hot Spot on Parathyroid Imaging
Authors: Singaporewalla Reyaz M , Negi Anuradha , Seow Dominique YB , Chinchure Dinesh 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and aimRadiological imaging is routinely used in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism to localize the abnormal adenoma and to plan surgical approach. We report an unusual cause of false-positive localization on parathyroid sestamibi scan, i.e., not previously described in the literature.Case reportA 66-year-old man with primary hyperparathyroidism showed a discrete persistent focus in the left infraclavicular area during localization using sestamibi scan. Ultrasound of the neck was negative showing only small bilateral thyroid nodules. Single-photon emission and four-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scans showed an intense focus of the tracer uptake and a 1-cm lesion near the left subclavian vein (SCV), corresponding to the infraclavicular hot spot. Initial infraclavicular exploration showed the lesion to be a collapsible saccular varix of the left SCV. Bilateral neck exploration led to the discovery of the actual right parathyroid adenoma beneath an exophytic thyroid nodule. The patient made an uneventful recovery and remains normocalcemic at 1-year follow up.Conclusion and clinical significanceHot spot on parathyroid imaging outside the line of embryological descent should be interpreted with caution. Vascular retention of injected isotope within a saccular varix of the neck vein can give rise to falsepositive results on sestamibi scans. Bilateral neck exploration remains the “gold standard” procedure when localization scans either are negative or turn out to have false-positive findings.How to cite this articleSingaporewalla RM, Negi A, Seow DYB, Chinchure D. An Unusual Cause of Hot Spot on Parathyroid Imaging. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):164-167.
A Rare Case of Solitary Parathyroid Adenoma presenting with Recurrent Pancreatitis detected by Dual-phase Single-isotope Imaging (Technetium Sestamibi and Technetium Thyroid Scan) with SPECT-CT
Authors: Sharma Amit , John Arun R , Jain Anurag , Vishnoi Madan G , Paliwal Dharmesh , Dubey Indra P 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPrimary hyperparathyroidism is a rare cause of acute pancreatitis with a rather uncommon association according to existing literature. We present a rare case of recurrent pancreatitis with primary hyperparathyroidism resulting from a solitary parathyroid adenoma detected by a dual-phase singleisotope imaging protocol using technetium pertechnetate and technetium sestamibi followed by a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-CT. The case demonstrates the requirement of a high index of suspicion of primary hyperparathyroidism as one of the etiologies in patients presenting with recurrent pancreatitis. This case highlights the role of dualphase single-isotope imaging (technetium pertechnetate and technetium sestamibi scan) along with SPECT-CT for precise anatomical localization of a parathyroid adenoma, which is of paramount importance to the surgeon for meticulous planning and execution of the surgical procedure.How to cite this articleJohn AR, Jain A, Vishnoi MG, Paliwal D, Sharma A, Kumar N, Dubey IP. A Rare Case of Solitary Parathyroid Adenoma presenting with Recurrent Pancreatitis detected by Dual-phase Single-isotope Imaging (Technetium Sestamibi and Technetium Thyroid Scan) with SPECT-CT. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):175-178.
Flap Selection in Head and Neck Cancer Reconstruction
Authors: Gupta Arunesh , Baliarsing Amresh S , Thorat Tushar S , Bhat Uday , Garg Sanchit , Bhattacharyya Diptarka 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAdvances in head and neck reconstruction techniques have improved the results in function and the aesthetic outcome. Several flaps with different composition are available for specific reconstruction to achieve optimum result. Sensate free tissue transfer, dental rehabilitation and epiphyseal transfer for pediatric mandible are also now possible to achieve better function. The specific choice of the flap according to the region of defect and important keypoints in harvesting and reconstruction strategy for head and neck cancer are based on our experience in the last two decades.How to cite this articleBaliarsing AS, Thorat TS, Gupta A, Bhat U, Garg S, Bhattacharyya D. Flap Selection in Head and Neck Cancer Reconstruction. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):63-76.
A Study of Primary Parapharyngeal Space Tumors in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Shirazi Nadia , Bist SS , Agarwal Vinish , Kumar Lovneesh , Luthra Mahima 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate the demographic profile, clinicopathological features, and surgical approaches used to treat primary parapharyngeal space tumors.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective study of the primary parapharyngeal space tumors treated surgically from April 2012 to March 2015 in a tertiary care teaching center. The study population included 16 cases. The inflammatory lesions and secondary metastasis in parapharyngeal space were excluded. The clinicopathological features, surgical management, and outcome of all the cases were analyzed.ObservationsThe gender distribution was 56.2% males and 43.7% females. The median age was 38 years with range from 16 to 62 years. The most common presenting symptom was neck swelling in 87.5% cases, and oropharyngeal bulge was the most common examination finding in 100% cases. Magnetic resonance image was done in 87.5% cases and contrast computed tomography (CT) scan in 31.25% cases, while 25% cases underwent both. The tumor was in the pre-styloid compartment in 62.5% cases and post-styloid in 31.25% cases. In 75% cases, cytology was done directly, while in 25% cases, CT–guided cytology was performed. Cytological diagnosis was histologically correlated in 81.2% cases while changed in 18.7% cases. On histology, 87.5% cases were benign and 12.5% were malignant. The most common histological variant was pleomorphic adenoma in 56.25% cases. The most common surgical approach used was transcervical in 75% cases. Mean tumor size was 7 cm. Complications occurred in 12.5% cases.ConclusionImaging modalities in combination with fine needle aspiration cytology are a very good diagnostic tool before planning for intervention. The transcervical approach is an excellent technique to deal with small to moderate-size tumors and even for large well-defined tumors.How to cite this articleBist SS, Kumar L, Agarwal V, Shirazi N, Luthra M. A Study of Primary Parapharyngeal Space Tumors in a Tertiary Care Center. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):13-17.
Mucopyocele of Concha Bullosa: A Rare Presentation as Orbital Swelling
Authors: Singh Hitendra Prakash , Hajela Anupriya , Agarwal Satya P 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWhenever there is pneumatization of either turbinate, it is known as concha bullosa (CB). In the case of middle turbinate, it is the most common anatomical aberration. A mucopyocele of CB is very rarely seen. A 13-year-old male presented with the complaints of gradually progressive swelling on medial aspect of right eye with nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, and facial heaviness for 3 years. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the paranasal sinuses showed a well-defined cystic lesion of thick fluid attenuation with thin shell in the periphery located at the medial canthus of right eye involving the lacrimal sac region with stranding of adjacent periorbital fat plane. Lesion is seen causing erosion of lamina papyracea. After complete hematological and preanesthetic assessment, surgery was planned for the patient under general anesthesia. The lateral lamella and inferior part of CB was excised to drain out the pus and prevent recurrences. Patient remained symptom free in the follow-up period.How to cite this articleSingh HP, Kumar S, Hajela A, Agarwal SP. Mucopyocele of Concha Bullosa: A Rare Presentation as Orbital Swelling. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):53-55.
Kikuchi's Disease: A Rare Clinical Entity of Cervical Lymphadenopathy with Review of Literature
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Kumar BL Yatish , Ravishankara S , Shashikumar T , Navya R , Sathya P 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesKikuchi disease is an uncommon, idiopathic, generally self-limited cause of lymphadenitis. The disease runs a self-limiting course usually resolving in 6 to 8 months of occurrence, with the usual clinical manifestations being cervical lymphadenopathy, with or without systemic manifestations.Materials and methodsA retrospective study was done in three cases of Kikuchi disease reported over 2 years. All three females had cervical lymphadenopathy not responding to empirical treatment. All had excision of the lymph nodes with immunohistochemistry, which suggested the necrotizing lymphadenopathy. Other similar diagnoses, like systemic lupus erythematosus, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kawasaki, tuberculous, metastatic lymphadenopathy, were excluded.ConclusionThe rare possibility of cervical lymphadenopathy being Kikuchi's disease should be thought if empirical therapy fails. So, a meticulous effort by the pathologist and surgeon helps in diagnosing the self-limiting, little understood disease of Kikuchi in young patients with cervical lymphadenopathy and fever.How to cite this articleNaik SM, Kumar BLY, Ravishankara S, Shashikumar T, Navya R, Sathya P. Kikuchi's Disease: A Rare Clinical Entity of Cervical Lymphadenopathy with Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):101-105.