bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal Ripple Oscillations and Inhibition-First Network Models: Frequency Dynamics and Response to GABA Modulators
Authors: Donoso José R. , Schmitz Dietmar , Maier Nikolaus , Kempter Richard 
Published: February 2018

Hippocampal ripples are involved in memory consolidation, but the mechanisms underlying their generation remain unclear. Models relying on interneuron networks in the CA1 region disagree on the predominant source of excitation to interneurons: either “direct,” via the Schaffer collaterals that provide feedforward input from CA3 to CA1, or “indirect,” via the local pyramidal cells in CA1, which are embedded in a recurrent excitatory-inhibitory network. Here, we used physiologically constrained computational models of basket-cell networks to investigate how they respond to different conditions of transient, noisy excitation. We found that direct excitation of interneurons could evoke ripples (140–220 Hz) that exhibited intraripple frequency accommodation and were frequency-insensitive to GABA modulators, as previously shown inin vitroexperiments. In addition, the indirect excitation of the basket-cell network enabled the expression of intraripple frequency accommodation in the fast-gamma range (90–140 Hz), asin vivo. In our model, intraripple frequency accommodation results from a hysteresis phenomenon in which the frequency responds differentially to the rising and descending phases of the transient excitation. Such a phenomenon predicts a maximum oscillation frequency occurring several milliseconds before the peak of excitation. We confirmed this prediction for ripples in brain slices from male mice. These results suggest that ripple and fast-gamma episodes are produced by the same interneuron network that is recruited via different excitatory input pathways, which could be supported by the previously reported intralaminar connectivity bias between basket cells and functionally distinct subpopulations of pyramidal cells in CA1. Together, our findings unify competing inhibition-first models of rhythm generation in the hippocampus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe hippocampus is a part of the brain of humans and other mammals that is critical for the acquisition and consolidation of memories. During deep sleep and resting periods, the hippocampus generates high-frequency (∼200 Hz) oscillations called ripples, which are important for memory consolidation. The mechanisms underlying ripple generation are not well understood. A prominent hypothesis holds that the ripples are generated by local recurrent networks of inhibitory neurons. Using computational models and experiments in brain slices from rodents, we show that the dynamics of interneuron networks clarify several previously unexplained characteristics of ripple oscillations, which advances our understanding of hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation.
Codeficiency of Lysosomal Mucolipins 3 and 1 in Cochlear Hair Cells Diminishes Outer Hair Cell Longevity and Accelerates Age-Related Hearing Loss
Authors: Wiwatpanit Teerawat , Remis Natalie N. , Ahmad Aisha , Zhou Yingjie , Clancy John C. , Cheatham Mary Ann , García-Añoveros Jaime 
Published: February 2018

Acquired hearing loss is the predominant neurodegenerative condition associated with aging in humans. Although mutations on several genes are known to cause congenital deafness in newborns, few genes have been implicated in age-related hearing loss (ARHL), perhaps because its cause is likely polygenic. Here, we generated mice lacking lysosomal calcium channel mucolipins 3 and 1 and discovered that both male and female mice suffered a polygenic form of hearing loss. Whereas mucolipin 1 is ubiquitously expressed in all cells, mucolipin 3 is expressed in a small subset of cochlear cells, hair cells (HCs) and marginal cells of the stria vascularis, and very few other cell types. Mice lacking both mucolipins 3 and 1, but not either one alone, experienced hearing loss as early as at 1 month of age. The severity of hearing impairment progressed from high to low frequencies and increased with age. Early onset of ARHL in these mice was accompanied by outer HC (OHC) loss. Adult mice conditionally lacking mucolipins in HCs exhibited comparable auditory phenotypes, thereby revealing that the reason for OHC loss is mucolipin codeficiency in the HCs and not in the stria vascularis. Furthermore, we observed that OHCs lacking mucolipins contained abnormally enlarged lysosomes aggregated at the apical region of the cell, whereas other organelles appeared normal. We also demonstrated that these aberrant lysosomes in OHCs lost their membrane integrity through lysosomal membrane permeabilization, a known cause of cellular toxicity that explains why and how OHCs die, leading to premature ARHL.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPresbycusis, or age-related hearing loss (ARHL), is a common characteristic of aging in mammals. Although many genes have been identified to cause deafness from birth in both humans and mice, only a few are known to associate with progressive ARHL, the most prevalent form of deafness. We have found that mice lacking two lysosomal channels, mucolipins 3 and 1, suffer accelerated ARHL due to auditory outer hair cell degeneration, the most common cause of hearing loss and neurodegenerative condition in humans. Lysosomes lacking mucolipins undergo organelle membrane permeabilization and promote cytotoxicity with age, revealing a novel mechanism of outer hair cell degeneration and ARHL. These results underscore the importance of lysosomes in hair cell survival and the maintenance of hearing.
Dentoalveolar defektli hastaların protetik rehabilitasyonunda farklı üst yapı seçenekleri: İki olgu sunumu
Authors: KARCI Muhammet , DEMİR Necla 
Published: February 2018

Dentoalveolar
defektlerin oluşum nedenleri doğumsal, gelişimsel ve kazanılmış olmak üzere üç
grupta toplanabilir ve lokalizasyonları nedeniyle hastalarda estetik, fonetik
ve fonksiyonel problemlere neden olabilirler. Tedavide multidisipliner yaklaşım
ve vakaya özgü bir planlama gerekmektedir. Bu
olgu sunumunda dentoalveolar defekte sahip iki hastanın farklı tutucu
sistemlerine sahip dental implant destekli protezler ile protetik
rehabilitasyonu anlatılmaktadır. Klinik ve radyografik muayene
sonrasında hastalara implant destekli sabit protezler, diş destekli sabit
protezler ve hareketli protezlerden oluşan tüm tedavi seçenekleri anlatıldı.
Birinci hastada mandibular sol taraftaki defekt, CAD-CAM ile üretilen siman tutuculu
kişiye özel abutmentlar kullanılarak restore edilirken; ikinci hastada
maksiller sol taraftaki defekt vida tutuculu multi-unit abutmentlar
kullanılarak restore edilmiştir.

Hastaların estetik ve fonksiyonel
beklentileri tedavi sonrasında başarılı bir şekilde karşılanmıştır. Oral hijyen
konusunda bilgilendirilen hastaların 1 haftalık kontrollerinde herhangi bir
komplikasyona rastlanılmamıştır ve 3 ay sonra tekrar kontrole
çağrılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dentoalveolar
defekt, implant üstü sabit protez, siman tutuculu abutment, multi-unit abutment.
El concepto y la naturaleza del arbitraje comercial en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano
Authors: Pérez Solano Jimmy Antonio 
Published: February 2018

El arbitraje es una figura centenaria en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico que surge como una instancia procesal independiente autorizada por el Estado, cuya esencia radica en que personas especializadas en la materia, resuelven controversias sobre derechos de libre disposición que le son presentadas por sujetos que pactan o acuerdan que sean los árbitros a través del arbitraje y no los jueces por la vía judicial estatal, quienes diriman la controversia que se les ha encomendado. No obstante su antigüedad dentro de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, el arbitraje toma su asiento constitucional a partir de la expedición de la Constitución de 1991, de cuyo artículo 116 surge la noción de Mecanismo Alternativo de Solución de Conflictos, para luego de incesantes pero decantados debates académicos, dar a luz la más completa e integrada reglamentación legal a partir de la expedición del Estatuto Arbitral Colombiano - Ley 1563 de 2012-; las primeras decisiones arbitrales eran llamadas “Sentencia Arbitral” y posteriormente, exactamente en 1970, a éstas se les comienza a denominar “Laudo Arbitral”. Ahora, en cuanto a la naturaleza jurídica del arbitraje, se fueron formulando y defendiendo diversas doctrinas al respecto, entre las cuales se tienen: la contractualista, la jurisdiccional o procesal, la mixta y la más reciente de toda ellas, la doctrina autónoma o arbitral, que entiende al arbitraje como una institución jurídica independiente con naturaleza propia. Así, el arbitraje se caracteriza por su convencionalidad, temporalidad, excepcionalidad y su juridicidad, por lo que este mecanismo alternativo de solución de controversias se erige como un auténtico equivalente jurisdiccional.
Experimental evaluation of apricot genotypes for resistance to Plum pox virus
Authors: Glasa M. , Benediková D. , Glasová t.. , Hričovský I. , Kůdela O. 
Published: February 2018

The reaction of 19 Slovak apricot cultivars and hybrids (breeding program of Research Breeding Station at Vesele) to infection by M isolates of plum pox virus (PPV-M) was evaluated. The genotypes were inoculated by grafting to naturally infected plum trees in the field and by chip-budding in the glasshouse. Monitoring of PPV infection was done over a 3 year period by visual inspection and DAS-ELISA. In the third year of evaluation the RT-PCR assay was also applied. The tested apricot genotypes differed in their reaction to PPV infection. Most of them developed mild or severe symptoms on leaves in the first year and/or next two consecutive years after artificial inoculation. The four Slovak apricot genotypes Veharda, Vemina, VS 15811 and VS 157/8 were resistant to PPV-M infection.
Probiyotik Kaynaklı, Muhtemel Prebiyotik Özelliğe Sahip Ekzopolisakkarit (EPS)’ lerin Biyolojik ve Fonksiyonel Özellikleri
Authors: TÜKENMEZ Ümmügülsüm , ASLIM Belma 
Published: February 2018

Kanser, günümüzün en önemli sağlık
sorunlarından birisidir ve dünyada en çok ölüme neden olan hastalıklardan
biridir. Kanser tedavisinde kullanılan mevcut anti-kanser ilaçlar doza bağlı
olarak toksisite göstermekte ve güçlü yan etkilere (enfeksiyon, saç dökülmesi,
yorgunluk, dudak yaraları, mide bulantısı, kusma, diyare ve kanlı dışkılar)
neden olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kanserin
tedavisinde etkili ve daha az toksik olan anti-kaser ajanların geliştirilmesine
ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Laktik asit
bakterileri (LAB) gibi güvenilir ve doğal kaynaklardan elde edilen ekzopolisakkarit
(EPS)’lerin, sentetik anti-kanser ajanlarına göre iyi bir alternatif
olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Çeşitli
EPS’lerin yararlılığı EPS’nin monosakkarit kompozisyonuna, bağların türüne,
dallanma derecelerine ve molekül ağırlığına bağlı olduğu için bu derleme EPS’lerin
yapısı ve biyolojik aktivitesi ve EPS’lerin anti-kanser etkileri ile ilgili
bilgiler içermektedir.
KUTANÖZ KÜÇÜK DAMAR VASKÜLİTLERİNDE DİREKT İMMUNFLORASAN (DİF) MİKROSKOPİ BULGULARI: TEK MERKEZE AİT DENEYİMLER
Authors: Oltulu Pembe , Uğur Ayşenur , ÖZER İlkay , KILINÇ Fahriye , ESEN Hacı Hasan , FINDIK Sıdıka , ATASEVEN Arzu , İYİSOY Sinan , BALEVİ Şükrü , AVUNDUK Mustafa Cihat 
Published: February 2018

Giriş: Tamamında
depolanma gözlenmese de, dermatologlar pekçok kutanöz vaskülit (KV) ön tanılı hastaları için
direkt immunflorosan mikroskopi (DİF) altında immun depolanmaların bulunup bulunmadığını
öğrenmek ister. Dünya literatüründe çeşitli pozitiflik oranları bildiren
çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu çalışma ile kliniğimize ait küçük damar KV’lerin DİF
mikroskopi sonuçlarını sunmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve yöntem: Vaskülit
öntanısı ile biopsi ve DİF tetkiki yapılan, histopatolojik olarak küçük damar
KV’i mevcut olan toplam 121 vaka retrospektif olarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Olgular
klinik verileri ve Chapel Hill Consensus Conference vaskülit sınıflaması
gözönünde bulundurularak toplam 6 gruba ayrıldı. Bazal membran yada perivasküler
(PV) alanda en az bir depolanma ‘DİF pozitif’ olarak kabul edildi. Tüm
olgularda DİF IgG, IgM, IgA ve Compleman C3 depolanmalarının dağılımları,
oranları ve gruplarda en az bir immun depozitin bulunma durumu belirlendi. Lökositoklazis
bulunduran yada eozinofil bulunduranlar ayrı grup yapılarak diğerleri ile immun
depolanmalar açısından istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Tüm
olgularda DİF pozitifliği %58.7 (n:71/121) idi. Lökositoklastik
vaskülit olgularının %50.9’unda (n:28/55), nonspesifik KV olgularının %67.4’ünde
(n:31/46), ürtikeryal vaskülit olgularının %44.4 (n:4/9)’ünde, livedoid
vaskülit olgularının %75 (n:3/4)’inde, henoch schonlein purpurası (HSP)
olgularının (n:5/5) %100’ünde DİF
pozitifti. 2 vaskülopati olgusunda depolanma yoktu. Lökositoklazis ve eozinofil
mevcudiyeti ile immun depolanmalar arasında herhangi bir ilişki yoktu. En fazla
biriken depozit C3 iken, HSP olgularında IgA depolanma oranı %100’dü.

Sonuç: Özellikle
HSP olgularında DİF ile IgA depozit tespiti tanı için oldukça önemlidir. Diğer
küçük damar KV’lerinde %100 olmasa da gözardı edilemeyecek yüksek DİF
pozitiflik oranları (özellikle C3) tespit edildi. KV’lerde DİF tetkikinin, klinik
ve histopatolojik incelemeye ek olarak uygulanması faydalıdır.
Knowledge, awareness and practices regarding dengue fever
Authors: Nijhawan Dushyant M. , Upadhye Aditi J. , Upadhye Jayshree J. 
Published: February 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The incidence of dengue infections continues to rise worldwide. Good knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among the public are required to successfully prevent or minimize dengue outbreaks. However, very little is known about the public’s KAP on dengue and its prevention. This study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue fever in</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A cross-sectional study was conducted during November to December 2017. 200 residents were surveyed. A structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed and statistics taken out. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">In our study, out of 200 respondents, majority i.e. 170 (85%) of the respondents had heard about dengue. 162 (81%) knew that mosquito bite is the cause of dengue while 80 (40%) were aware that dengue mosquito breeds in clean standing water. Fever was the most consistent response in 188 (94%) respondents followed by GIT symptoms in 74 (37%), rash in 30 (15%), headache and body ache in 12 (6%). Majority i.e.172 (86%) of the respondents relying on mosquito mats and vaporizers. 64 (32%) respondents were using mosquito net, 62 (31%) had net on the windows, 42 (21%) were using sprays while only 10 (5%) were using repellent cream</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">We found sufficient knowledge on dengue. Also, preventive practices regarding dengue were consistent with the knowledge about these practices. Preventive measures mainly focused towards protection from mosquito bites. </span></p>
Development of risk assessment tools for early detection of bio-contamination in water distribution systems
Authors: Tinelli S. , Juran I. , Cantos W. P. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Water distribution systems (WDSs) could be an easy target for accidental or intentional contamination in any city. The lack of reliable, real-time specific microbial and chemical contamination monitoring raises major public concerns as delayed detection accelerates the fast growth of the public health risk. In this context, the proposed research aims to develop, adapt and demonstrate the technical feasibility of smart Bio-Sensing and Information Management (Bio-SIM) that will effectively enable water operators to ensure smart water monitoring and quasi real-time quality control for early contamination detection and preemptive warning. Facing a lack of labeled data, numerical simulations with engineering models (EPANET-MSX) have been adopted to produce synthetic data for pattern recognition of the effect of bio-contamination on chemical and physical water parameters (e.g. pH, total organic carbon, turbidity and free chlorine). Statistical and stochastic models enabled non-specific bio-anomaly detection, based on pattern recognition of Chlorscan data and selected parameters that can be monitored simultaneously online using multi-parameter sensors (e.g. s::can). The results were compared with laboratory model tests and numerical simulations. This paper outlines the main results of the feasibility assessment of the Bio-SIM prototype system for early bio-contamination detection, which is expected to significantly contribute to alleviating consumers’ bio/chemical contamination risks.
Origem da urbanização de um entreposto comercial nordestino: o caso de campina grande
Authors: Pereira William Eufrasio Nunes 
Published: February 2018

Esse ensaio se divide em seis partes. A primeira refere-se a essa introducão. A segunda procura apresentar a gênese histórica e geográfica do município, desde sua formacao enquanto vila, com a ati­vida de pecuária ate o princípio do comercio algodoeiro. A terceira parte visa mostrar como o algodão surgiu e se consolidou comocativi­dade econômica fundamental e quais os rebatimentos dessa ativi­dade para a construção da hegemonia econômica estadual e a urbanizacão de Campina Gran­de. Vale ressaltar que Campina Grande assumiu nesse período a funcão de entreposto comercial de parte significativa do interior do Nordeste. O desenvolvimento co­mercial e econômico e a consolidação da estrutura urbana campinense são explanadas na quarta parte do trabalho. Por fim, algumas breves consideracões a título de conclusão e as devidas referências.
A TENSÃO ENTRE IGUALDADE E DIFERENÇA: LUTA POR RECONHECIMENTO EM ASSOCIAÇÕES DE GERAÇÃO DE TRABALHO E RENDA
Authors: M. Schulz Rosangela 
Published: February 2018

A partir de pesquisa realizada com lideranças femininas de associa- ções de geração de trabalho e renda na cidade de Porto Alegre, este trabalho pretende discutir a presença de demandas por reconhecimento como ponto fundamental para debater os novos espaços públicos de participação e deliberação democrática nos grandes centros urbanos do Brasil. Sem dúvida a renda é fundamental, já que estas associações funcionam em comunidades muito pobres, carentes de diferentes direitos. Assim, dois pontos se destacam: o primeiro relaciona as demandas por dignida- de e respeito, relacionadas a uma luta por reconhecimento, por direitos já garantidos constitucionalmente, mas não efetivados nestas comunidades, poderíamos qualificar como uma luta pela igualdade (aqui a questão da redistribuição de renda esta presente de forma significativa). O segundo ponto remete a discussão de uma moral particular, uma moral constituída no seio destas comunidades, tanto em termos de luta por uma identidade da comunidade, quanto por uma identidade das mulheres em particular, luta que se trava na esfera pública, mas também na esfera privada, constituindo a demanda por diferença. Enfim, estas questões são permeadas por uma tensão entre igualdade e diferença, dois momentos que parecem necessitar de uma elaboração de forma conjunta para pensar as demandas por uma cidadania democrática.
PLURALISMO RELIGIOSO NO CONTEXTO URBANO: COMUNIDADE E NOVAS SUBJETIVIDADES
Authors: Pereira Neto Francisco 
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho visa refletir sobre as relações entre o aparecimento de novas formas de religiosidade na sociedade brasileira e os sentidos de comunidade que elas engendram. Num contexto de aprofundamento dos elementos religiosos modernos, onde conceitos como os de individualismo e reflexividade dão a tônica das análises sobre a religiosidade contemporânea, buscamos contemplar as especificidades desse processo no espaço da religiosidade popular. A perspectiva deste trabalho é colocar ênfase em modelos de sociabilidade e sentido que são engendrados em espaços de expressão religiosa na cidade, sem, no entanto, submetê-los a priori aos princípios de generalização próprios aos conceitos teóricos sugeridos acima, mas antes fazer com que esses conceitos sejam tencionados por esta mesma realidade. Estas questões serão trabalhadas através de dados coletados num bairro popular da cidade de Juiz de Fora/ MG, Brasil, onde foram observados os trabalhos de um projeto social católico e a formação de uma congregação da Igreja Quadrangular (pentecostal). O interesse é ressaltar a complexidade dos processos sociais e do conteúdo simbólico presentes neste contexto de interação.
Evaluation of Seismic Demand for Substandard Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Kyriakides Nicholas , Sohaib Ahmad , Pilakoutas Kypros , Neocleous Kyriakos , Chrysostomou Christis , Tantele Elia , Votsis Renos 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings with no seismic design exhibit degrading behaviour under severe seismic loading due to non-ductile brittle failure modes. The seismic performance of such substandard structures can be predicted using existing capacity demand diagram methods through the idealization of the non-linear capacity curve of the degrading system, and its comparison with a reduced earthquake demand spectrum.

Objective:
Modern non-linear static methods for derivation of capacity curves incorporate idealization assumptions that are too simplistic and do not apply for sub-standard buildings. The conventional idealisation procedures cannot maintain the true strength degradation behaviour of such structures in the post-peak part, and thus may lead to significant errors in seismic performance prediction especially in the cases of brittle failure modes dominating the response.

Method:
In order to increase the accuracy of the prediction, an alternative idealisation procedure using equivalent elastic perfectly plastic systems is proposed herein that can be used in conjunction with any capacity demand diagram method.

Results:
Moreover, the performance of this improved equivalent linearization procedure in predicting the response of an RC frame is assessed herein.

Conclusion:
This improved idealization procedure has been proven to reduce the error in the seismic performance prediction as compared to seismic shaking table test results [1] and will be further investigated probabilistically herein.
The Governmentality of Promoting Ex-Gay “Change” in the Public Sphere
Authors: Thorn Michael E. 
Published: February 2018

Background: A long-term “earned media” marketing strategy deployed by the Christian ex-gay movement backfired and now generates mostly negative media against the movement.Analysis A governmental discourse analysis is used to examine media coverage representing conservative Christians struggling against unwanted same-sex desire. It does so in relation to Jürgen Habermas’ (2006) analysis of commercial media and Anna McCarthy’s (2007) notion of “neoliberal theatre of suffering.”Conclusion and implications: Media coverage of the ex-gay debate showcases suffering as entertainment and does not achieve the full reasoned deliberation Habermas calls for in the public sphere. Nevertheless, it has not led to a paralysis of society’s ability to debate the issue of ex-gay “change.” Competing governmental perspectives still intersect and modify each other in ways that extend beyond mere commercialism.