bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of synergistic relationships between HIV and Human Papillomavirus (HPV): systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of longitudinal studies of HPV acquisition and clearance by HIV status, and of HIV acquisition by HPV status
Authors: Looker Katharine J , Rönn Minttu M , Brock Patrick M , Brisson Marc , Drolet Melanie , Mayaud Philippe , Boily Marie‐Claude 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionObservational studies suggest HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections may have multiple interactions. We reviewed the strength of the evidence for the influence of HIV on HPV acquisition and clearance, and the influence of HPV on HIV acquisition.MethodsWe performed meta‐analytic systematic reviews of longitudinal studies of HPV incidence and clearance rate by HIV status (review 1) and of HIV incidence by HPV status (review 2). We pooled relative risk (RR) estimates across studies using random‐effect models. I2 statistics and subgroup analyses were used to quantify heterogeneity across estimates and explore the influence of participant and study characteristics including study quality. Publication bias was examined quantitatively with funnel plots and subgroup analysis, as well as qualitatively.Results and DiscussionIn review 1, 37 publications (25 independent studies) were included in the meta‐analysis. HPV incidence (pooled RR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.29 to 1.88; heterosexual males: pooled RR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.34; females: pooled RR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.11; men who have sex with men: pooled RR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.82) and high‐risk HPV incidence (pooled RR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.90 to 2.54) was approximately doubled among people living with HIV (PLHIV) whereas HPV clearance rate (pooled RR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.67) was approximately halved. In review 2, 14 publications (11 independent studies) were included in the meta‐analysis. HIV incidence was almost doubled (pooled RR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.65) in the presence of prevalent HPV infection. There was more evidence of publication bias in review 2, and somewhat greater risk of confounding in studies included in review 1. There was some evidence that adjustment for key confounders strengthened the associations for review 2. Misclassification bias by HIV/HPV exposure status could also have biased estimates toward the null.ConclusionsThese results provide evidence for synergistic HIV and HPV interactions of clinical and public health relevance. HPV vaccination may directly benefit PLHIV, and help control both HPV and HIV at the population level in high prevalence settings. Our estimates of association are useful for mathematical modelling. Although observational studies can never perfectly control for residual confounding, the evidence presented here lends further support for the presence of biological interactions between HIV and HPV that have a strong plausibility.
Decoding the chemotactic signal
Authors: Thomas Monica A , Kleist Andrew B , Volkman Brian F 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFrom an individual bacterium to the cells that compose the human immune system, cellular chemotaxis plays a fundamental role in allowing cells to navigate, interpret, and respond to their environments. While many features of cellular chemotaxis are shared among systems as diverse as bacteria and human immune cells, the machinery that guides the migration of these model organisms varies widely. In this article, we review current literature on the diversity of chemoattractant ligands, the cell surface receptors that detect and process chemotactic gradients, and the link between signal recognition and the regulation of cellular machinery that allow for efficient directed cellular movement. These facets of cellular chemotaxis are compared among E. coli, Dictyostelium discoideum, and mammalian neutrophils to derive organizational principles by which diverse cell systems sense and respond to chemotactic gradients to initiate cellular migration.We review the signal recognition process in mammalian neutrophils in order to derive general principles by which diverse cell systems sense and respond to chemotactic gradients to initiate cellular migration.
Long‐term evaluation (20 years) of the outcomes of subepithelial connective tissue graft plus coronally advanced flap in the treatment of maxillary single recession‐type defects
Authors: Pini Prato Giovan Paolo , Franceschi Debora , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Chambrone Leandro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundSubepithelial connective tissue graft with coronally advanced flap (SCTG + CAF) has been considered the best and most predictable root coverage procedure. Thus, the aims of this study are two‐fold: 1) to evaluate the long‐term outcomes following SCTG + CAF in the treatment of gingival recessions (GR) and 2) to explore the influence of several tooth/patient‐related factors on the stability of gingival margin at 1 year and at 5,10, 15, and 20 years after surgery.MethodsForty‐five patients with 45 maxillary GR (Miller's Class I or III) were treated with SCTG + CAF in a private practice between 1990 and 1997. Recession depth (RD), probing depth (PD), keratinized tissue (KT) width and patient/tooth‐associated variables were recorded for each GR at baseline, 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years after surgery. Parametric, non‐parametric, and logistic regression statistics were used throughout the study.ResultsA total of 21 Class I (44.67%) and 24 Class III (53.33%) GR were treated. Considering all the 45 GR, statistically significant improvements were found for RD in all evaluations (P < 0.05) compared with baseline data. Over the course of the study, mean root coverage (MRC) decreased from 74.23% (1 year) to 67.69% (20 years). Within maxillary Class I defects, complete root coverage (CRC) at 1‐year follow‐up was 57.14% (n = 12) and 47.62% (n = 10) at the end of study period, whereas MRC decreased from 82.37% to 77.62%, respectively. Within maxillary Class III recessions, CRC of 20.83% (n = 5) was found at both the 1‐year and the 20‐year follow‐ups. On the other hand, MRC decreased from 66.55% to 58.18%, respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the achievement of CRC was associated with sites not presenting interdental tissue loss (i.e., Class I, odds ratio: 5.031, P = 0.024), whereas GR recurrence appeared associated with sites with attached KT < 2 mm (i.e., 5‐, 10‐, 15‐ and 20‐year follow‐ups), to teeth presenting root steps (i.e., 10‐ and 20‐year follow‐ups), and smoking (i.e., 15‐year follow‐up).ConclusionsPositive RD reduction and KT improvements achieved by SCTG + CAF at short‐term may be preserved long‐term with the majority of the treated sites not displaying relapse of the gingival margin. Teeth lacking a minimal 2‐mm width of attached KT and presenting non‐carious cervical lesions were more prone to develop an apical shift of the gingival margin during a 20‐year follow‐up period.
The correlation between visual fatigue and duration of viewing as assessed by brain monitoring
Authors: Yue Kang , Wang Danli , Hu Haichen , Fang Sun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuration of viewing was considered as one of the most important factors of 3D visual fatigue. However, their relationship was not well studied. We proposed to use brain monitoring techniques to reveal more details about the variety of brain activity while watching three‐dimensional (3D) content. We investigated the spectral patterns in the electroencephalogram related to various duration of viewing and showed the power spectral density varied significantly along with the development of fatigue over occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and right frontal lobe. Moreover, we first described the trend of brain activity during 3D content viewing and revealed the location of significant components related to 3D visual fatigue. We believe that the absolute power describes more information and may be a better indicator of 3D visual fatigue assessment compared with relative power. We also first revealed the cortex location that is related to 3D visual fatigue. Our findings may help to define appropriate electroencephalogram features for online 3D visual fatigue detection while participants viewing 3D content.
Reactivity of cis‐platinum(II) complexes with 2‐(4‐substituted)phenylthiomethyl)quinoline nonleaving ligands toward thiourea nucleophiles
Authors: Mthiyane Wakhiwe M. , Mambanda Allen , Jaganyi Deogratius 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe sequential substitution of aqua ligands from [Pt{2‐(phenylthiomethyl)quinoline}(H2O)2]CF3SO3, Pt(L1), [Pt{2‐(4‐tert‐butylphenylthiomethyl)quinoline}(H2O)2]CF3SO3 Pt(L2), and [Pt{2‐(4‐fluorophenylthiomethyl) quinoline}(H2O)2]CF3SO3 Pt(L3) by thiourea nucleophiles (Nu) was studied under pseudo–first‐order conditions as a function of concentration and temperature using stopped‐flow and UV‐visible spectrophotometric techniques. The observed pseudo–first‐order rate constants for the substitutions can be described by the rate law: kobs(1/2) = k2(1/2)[Nu], where the subscript denotes the consecutive substitution steps. The first aqua ligand was substituted opposite to the strong σ‐trans‐directing thioether followed by the aqua ligand opposite to the quinoline or pyridine moieties. Second‐order rate constants, k2(1st), for the substitution of the first aqua ligand by thiourea nucleophiles ranged between 9 and 22 M−1 s−1 for Pt(L1), 86 and 326 M−1 s−1 for Pt(L2), and 58 –287 M−1 s−1 for Pt(L3). The ranges of the second‐order rate constant, k2(2nd), were always lower than the k2(1st)’s and are 0.3‐9 M−1 s‐1 for Pt(L1), 2‐20 M−1 s−1 for Pt(L2), and 0.3‐5 M−1 s−1 for Pt(L3). Aqua substitution from Pt(L2) is slower for both steps than from Pt4, its pyridyl derivative from our previous study. A Job's method of continuous variation plot suggests a species with a metal‐to‐nucleophile ratio of 1:3 as the ultimate product of the chloride substitution from the Pt(II) complexes by the incoming thiourea nucleophiles. The high and negative activation entropy and low and positive activation enthalpy values support an associative mechanism of activation, characteristic of substitution reactions occurring in square‐planar complexes.
Kinetics and quantification of the electrophilic reactivities of substituted thiophenes and structure‐reactivity relationships
Authors: Souissi Salma , Gabsi Wahiba , Echaieb Abderraouf , Boubaker Taoufik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSecond‐order rate constants (k1) have been measured spectrophotometrically for reactions of 2‐methoxy‐3‐X‐5‐nitrothiophene 1a‐c (X = NO2, CN, and COCH3) with secondary cyclic amines (pyrrolidine 2a, piperidine 2b, and morpholine 2c) in CH3CN and 91:9 (v/v) CH3OH/CH3CN at 20°C. The experimental data show that the rate constants (k1) values exhibit good correlation with the parameters of nucphilicity (N) of the amines 2a‐c and are consistent with the Mayr's relationship log k (20°C) = s(E + N). We have shown that the electrophilicity parameters E derived for 1a–c and those reported previously for the thiophenes 1d‐g (X = SO2CH3, CO2CH3, CONH2, and H) are linearly related to the pKa values for their gem‐dimethoxy complexes in methanol. Using this correlation, we successfully evaluated the electrophilicity E values of 12 structurally diverse electrophiles in methanol for the first time. In addition, a satisfactory linear correlation (r2 = 0.9726) between the experimental (log kexp) and the calculated (log kcalcd) values for the σ‐complexation reactions of these 12 electrophiles with methoxide ion in methanol has been observed and discussed.
Evaluating the impact of Uber on London's taxi service: A critical review of the literature
Authors: Skok Walter , Baker Samantha 
Published: June 2018

Uber is a very well‐funded operation that has made innovative use of smartphone technology in the highly regulated and bureaucratic market of international taxi cab operations. The company has often adopted an aggressive approach when entering the marketplace in a given city, so the question arises as to how should the incumbent taxi trade react to such fierce competition that is popular with the public.This paper describes a literature review related to the taxi and private hire industry in London that provides a foundation to answer this question. A second paper will present recommendations to help organisations prepare a response to the new competition.From the collated journals, various themes emerged, and their reference lists were analysed to review recurring authors. The literature was organised into a thematic analysis grid to critique the content and analyse the implications for a project to evaluate the possible way forward for the taxi trade in response to Uber's aggressive approach. Six key themes were identified: disruptive innovation, sharing economy, business model, historical context, regulations, and labour.The literature review was extended to include studies of the same area in the United States. Caution was exercised, as the U.S. market operates different ground transportation services and regulations. Nonetheless, comparisons were drawn regarding factors that were similar.The identification of the six key themes will aid the taxi trade as well as researchers who wish to investigate the impact of Uber as and when it moves into new international markets.
Identification of the most limiting factor for rice yield using soil data collected before planting and during the reproductive stage
Authors: Wang Ming‐Ming , Rengasamy Pichu , Wang Zhi‐Chun , Yang Fu , Ma Hong‐Yuan , Huang Li‐Hua , Liu Miao , Yang Hao‐Yu , Li Jing‐Peng , An Feng‐Hua , Li Yang‐Yang , Liu Xiao‐Long , Liang Zheng‐Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSoil parameters, measured before crop planting, are typically used to quantify the relationship between soil properties and crop yield and to identify factors limiting crop yield. However, soil properties during sensitive stages of crop growth may have a greater effect on crop yield than the initial values. We determined if inclusion of soil properties, measured during the reproductive stage, could improve the accuracy of crop yield prediction. Classification and regression trees were used to determine the explanatory power of different soil and rice variables for predicting rice yield in alkaline salt‐affected paddy fields in northeast China. The traditional method explained 77.5% of the rice yield variation and identified soil CO32− in the 0‐ to 10‐cm soil layer, with single explanatory power of 53.4%, as the most important predictor. The whole explanatory power of the methods including soil variables during the reproductive stage and yield components, with/without soil variables before planting, increased to 81.3%. The residual sodium carbonate, measured in the 0‐ to 10‐cm soil layer during the reproductive stage, was identified as the most limiting factor due to its single maximum explanatory power of 60.5%. We conclude that inclusion of soil properties, measured during the reproductive stage, has potential for improving the rice yield prediction accuracy by enhancing the explanatory power in identification of the most limiting factor. These results encourage further investigation of the role of soil properties during sensitive stages of crop growth in crop yield prediction under different soil and climatic conditions.
Polyimide Fibers with High Strength and High Modulus: Preparation, Structures, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Mengying , Niu Hongqing , Wu Dezhen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHigh strength and high modulus polyimide (HSHMPI) fibers are a type of novel high‐performance organic fiber with an initial modulus higher than 90 GPa and extremely high tensile strength over 2.5 GPa realizing broad applications in the fields of electronic, engineering, aerospace, and atomic energy industries. There are currently two synthetic pathways, i.e., one‐step and two‐step methods, developed for the manufacture of HSHMPI fibers. An integrated fabrication process involving wet‐spinning followed by thermal imidization is accepted as a typical two‐step synthetic route for industrialization of HSHMPI fibers. In this article, the classification, synthetic method and technology, molecular structure, morphology, microstructures, and properties of HSHMPI fibers are summarized extensively. The effects of molecular structure and synthetic technology on the microstructures and overall performance of HSHMPI fibers are discussed. In addition, the trend in development and the application prospect of HSHMPI fibers are analyzed accordingly.
Rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus hemitoechus) exploitation in Level F at the Caune de l'Arago (Tautavel, Pyrénéés‐Orientales, France) during MIS 12
Authors: Chen Xi , Moigne Anne‐Marie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCaune de l'Arago is a Middle Pleistocene site in Southern France, where Acheulean artefacts and hominin fossils were excavated. Rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus hemitoechus) remains from Level F (MIS 12) were studied from a zooarchaeological and taphonomic perspective to investigate the potential human exploitation of this large taxon. The well‐represented butchering marks, as well as scarce carnivore marks, indicate primary access to rhinoceros carcasses by hominins. The juvenile‐dominated mortality profile further suggests aggressive scavenging or occasional opportunistic hunting. Furthermore, differential skeletal representation shows that humans selectively transported the nutrient‐rich body sections. In addition, thorough processing of the carcasses for consumption inside the cave is highlighted by the frequent cut marks, intensive fragmentation, and regular spatial distribution. The analyses of the Arago Level F rhinoceros confirm the rhinoceros exploitation by humans during the Lower Palaeolithic; however, the rhinoceros mortality profile differs from that of large mammals such as equids, argali, and all other game species of this archaeological layer. Caune de l'Arago is the earliest hominin site where the systematic exploitation of rhinoceros has been documented.
Self‐Reported Weight‐Loss Methods and Weight Change: Ten‐Year Analysis in the Swedish Obese Subjects Study Control Group
Authors: Zenténius Edit , Andersson‐Assarsson Johanna C. , Carlsson Lena M.S. , Svensson Per‐Arne , Larsson Ingrid 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study was designed to compare outcomes in patients with obesity treated by bariatric surgery and a matched control group given usual care. The aim of this study was to analyze self‐reported weight‐loss methods and weight changes over 10 years in the SOS control group.MethodsSelf‐reported weight‐loss methods in the control group (n = 2,037; 71% women; 48.7 ± 6.3 years; BMI 40.1 ± 4.7 kg/m2) were analyzed at baseline and after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 years of follow‐up and studied in relation to weight changes.ResultsThe average 10‐year weight change was +2.1% (95% CI: 1.4%‐2.8%). At every follow‐up, 82.7% (95% CI: 81.3%‐84.1%) of participants reported weight‐loss attempts. At 10 years, 12.5% of the participants had ≥ 10% weight loss and 22.3% had ≥ 10% weight gain. Participants who lost or gained weight reported similar usage of weight‐loss methods.ConclusionsOver 10 years, the majority of the participants of the SOS control group reported continuous efforts to lose weight. These results illustrate the constant struggle individuals with severe obesity are facing and that, on average, the results of long‐term weight loss and weight maintenance were discouraging.
The changing clinical pattern of endemic Burkitt lymphoma in Western Africa: Experience from a tertiary center in Ghana
Authors: Offor Ugonna T. , Akyea Ralph K. , Neequaye Janet E. , Renner Lorna A. , Segbefia Catherine I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundBurkitt lymphoma (BL) is the most common childhood cancer in Ghana, where the endemic variant is the predominant subtype and historically presents as a highly chemo‐sensitive jaw tumor. This study aimed to update the current epidemiological characteristics of childhood BL in our institution.ProcedurePatient data for all children diagnosed with BL and seen at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital between January 2007 and December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsBL was diagnosed in 173 children (<13 years) during the study period, with the abdomen as the most common tumor site (46%) followed by the jaw (31%). Abdominal tumors were associated with advanced/disseminated disease (P = 0.002), and were more likely to occur in females irrespective of tumor stage (relative risk = 1.56 [95% CI; 1.1–12.3]). Twenty‐five percent (43/173) of the study cohort died and mortality was influenced by increasing age (P = 0.02) and advanced disease (P = 0.03). Treatment delay was experienced by nine in ten patients primarily due to familial financial constraint (75%). Treatment abandonment was observed as a first event in 94% of patients and two thirds of children in the study were eventually lost to follow‐up.ConclusionThe predominance of primary abdominal tumors in our study cohort may indicate a changing epidemiological pattern of BL in Ghana. High rates of treatment delay and abandonment were evident and are likely to be contributing factors to the poor childhood cancer survival outcomes seen in resource‐limited countries in Africa.
Identification and characterization of reaction products of 5‐hydroxytryptamine with methylglyoxal and glyoxal by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Sai Sachin L. , Nagarjuna Chary R. , Pavankumar P. , Prabhakar S. 
Published: June 2018

RationaleMethylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO) are known to be at high levels in humans with diabetes. They react with amine‐containing proteins and amino acids to form advanced glycation end products, however, their reactivity with other amine‐containing metabolites, such as neurotransmitters, has not been explored. In this study, we aimed at studying the reactivity of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) with MGO or GO, which may alter the metabolic function of 5‐HT.MethodsStock solutions of 5‐HT, MGO and GO were made in PBS buffer at pH 7.4 and 5‐HT was incubated with MGO or GO at different concentrations. The reactions were also performed at physiological concentrations. The reaction mixtures collected at different incubation times were analyzed by direct ESI‐HRMS, LC/MS and LC/MS/MS to detect/characterize the products. Agilent 6545 Q‐TOF and Agilent 6420 triple quadrupole mass spectrometers were used for the study, and LC separations were performed on a C18 column.ResultsThe direct ESI‐HRMS data of the reaction mixtures showed formation of three and four reaction products when 5‐HT was reacted with MGO and GO, respectively. All the products showed dominant [M + H]+ ions. The products were characterized by HRMS, LC/MS/MS and literature reports on similar compounds. The products can easily be identified by LC/MS based on the accurate mass values together with retention time information. The MS/MS of the reaction products showed structure‐indicative fragment ions.Conclusions5‐HT reacts with one or two MGO/GO to form a set of reaction products. The reaction between 5‐HT and MGO or GO was faster at higher concentrations of MGO/GO (<10 min), and the same products were found even at physiological concentrations (<48 h). The LC/MS/MS (SRM) method can be used to screen the reaction products when present at low levels.