bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porphyrin‐Derived Graphene‐Based Nanosheets Enabling Strong Polysulfide Chemisorption and Rapid Kinetics in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kong Long , Li Bo‐Quan , Peng Hong‐Jie , Zhang Rui , Xie Jin , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries hold great promise as a next‐generation battery system because of their extremely high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, ready lithium polysulfide (LiPS) diffusion and sluggish redox kinetics hamper their cyclability and rate capability. Herein, porphyrin‐derived graphene‐based nanosheets (PNG) are proposed for Li–S batteries, which are achieved by pyrolyzing a conformal and thin layer of 2D porphyrin organic framework on graphene to form carbon nanosheets with a spatially engineered nitrogen‐dopant‐enriched skin and a highly conductive skeleton. The atomic skin is decorated with fully exposed lithiophilic sites to afford strong chemisorption to LiPSs and improve electrolyte wettability, while graphene substrate provides speedy electron transport to facilitate redox kinetics of sulfur species. The use of PNG as a lightweight interlayer enables efficient operation of Li–S batteries in terms of superb cycle stability (cyclic decay rate of 0.099% during 300 cycles at 0.5 C), good rate capability (988 mAh g−1 at 2.0 C), and impressive sulfur loading (areal capacity of 8.81 mAh cm−2 at a sulfur loading of 8.9 mg cm−2). The distinct interfacial strategy is expected to apply to other conversion reaction batteries relying on dissolution–precipitation mechanisms and requiring interfacial charge‐ and mass‐transport‐mediation concurrently.
Life in the fast lane: Settled pastoralism in the Central Eurasian Steppe during the Middle Bronze Age
Authors: Judd Margaret A. , Walker Jessica L. , Ventresca Miller Alicia , Razhev Dmitry , Epimakhov Andrey V. , Hanks Bryan K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe tested the hypothesis that the purported unstable climate in the South Urals region during the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) resulted in health instability and social stress as evidenced by skeletal response.MethodsThe skeletal sample (n = 99) derived from Kamennyi Ambar 5 (KA‐5), a MBA kurgan cemetery (2040‐1730 cal. BCE, 2 sigma) associated with the Sintashta culture. Skeletal stress indicators assessed included cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, dental enamel hypoplasia, and tibia periosteal new bone growth. Dental disease (caries, abscess, calculus, and periodontitis) and trauma were scored. Results were compared to regional data from the nearby Samara Valley, spanning the Early to Late Bronze Age (EBA, LBA).ResultsLesions were minimal for the KA‐5 and MBA‐LBA groups except for periodontitis and dental calculus. No unambiguous weapon injuries or injuries associated with violence were observed for the KA‐5 group; few injuries occurred at other sites. Subadults (<18 years) formed the majority of each sample. At KA‐5, subadults accounted for 75% of the sample with 10% (n = 10) estimated to be 14‐18 years of age.ConclusionsSkeletal stress markers and injuries were uncommon among the KA‐5 and regional groups, but a MBA‐LBA high subadult mortality indicates elevated frailty levels and inability to survive acute illnesses. Following an optimal weaning program, subadults were at risk for physiological insult and many succumbed. Only a small number of individuals attained biological maturity during the MBA, suggesting that a fast life history was an adaptive regional response to a less hospitable and perhaps unstable environment.
Psychosomatic symptoms among Palestinian nurses exposed to workplace aggression
Authors: Jaradat Yousef , Nielsen Morten Birkeland , Bast‐Pettersen Rita 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe study examined associations between workplace aggression (WPA) and psychosomatic symptoms in Palestinian nurses.MethodsThe 341 nurses, (62% females and 38% males), answered a WHO questionnaire and a psychosomatic symptoms checklist.ResultsA total of 27.3% of the nurses reported exposure to WPA of any kind within the last 12 months. After adjusting for covariates, female nurses exposed to WPA of any kind and those exposed to verbal aggression reported a higher symptom score: (1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3, 2.7), and (1.4; 95%CI 0.2, 2.6), respectively, than unexposed females. Male nurses exposed to bullying reported a higher symptom score: (3.2; 95%CI 1.0, 5.5) than unexposed males.ConclusionsExposure to WPA was associated with higher occurrences of psychosomatic symptoms for both sexes. The female nurses reacted most strongly to verbal aggression or to WPA of any type, while bullying was associated with the male nurses' symptoms.
History and development of laboratory animal science in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunatilake Mangala 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo (UCFM), is the forerunner in the laboratory animal science (LAS) field in Sri Lanka. Here laboratory animals such as rats, frogs and rabbits were used in medical education to demonstrate physiological principles in the early 1950s. The establishment of the first animal house in 1969 at UCFM better facilitated the use of laboratory animals in medical education and research. By 2006, lack of ethical guide lines was an issue and a set of ethical guidelines was developed and published in 2009, which today are followed by researchers and reviewers in many universities and research institutions in the country. With this development, there was a need for an organized system of education for the LAS discipline. This was fulfilled by conducting the first certificate course on LAS in the Asian region in 2011 in collaboration with the Utrecht University, Netherlands. The Sri Lanka Association for LAS has continued LAS education since its establishment in 2012 at UCFM by conducting workshops and short courses.
Subculturing cells have no effect on CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated cleavage of UL30 gene in pseudorabies virus
Authors: Ren Lin‐zhu , Peng Zhi‐yuan , Ouyang Ting , Liu Xiao‐hui , Chen Xin‐rong , Ye Li , Fan Jun‐wen , Ouyang Hong‐sheng , Pang Da‐xin , Bai Jie‐ying 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing can inhibit virus infection by targeting the conserved regions of the viral genomic DNA. Unexpectedly, we found previously that pseudorabies virus (PRV) could escape from CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated inhibition. In order to elucidate whether the escape of PRV from Cas9‐mediated inhibition was due to cell deficiencies, such as genetic instability of sgRNA or Cas9 protein, the positive cells were passaged ten times, and PRV infection in the sgRNA‐expressing cells was evaluated in the present study. The results showed that subculturing cells has no effect on Cas9‐mediated cleavage of PRV. Different passages of PX459‐PRV cells can stably express sgRNA to facilitate Cas9/sgRNA cleavage on the UL30 gene of PRV, resulting in a pronounced inhibition of PRV infection. Studies to elucidate the mechanism of PRV escape are currently in progress.
Overview of the reporter genes and reporter mouse models
Authors: Li Shun , Chen Li‐xiang , Peng Xiu‐hua , Wang Chao , Qin Bo‐yin , Tan Dan , Han Cheng‐xiao , Yang Hua , Ren Xiao‐nan , Liu Fang , Xu Chun‐hua , Zhou Xiao‐hui 
Published: April 2018

AbstractReporter genes are widely applied in biotechnology and biomedical research owning to their easy observation and lack of toxicity. Taking advantage of the reporter genes in conjunction with imaging technologies, a large number of reporter mouse models have been generated. Reporter mouse models provide systems that enable the studies of live cell imaging, cell lineage tracing, immunological research and cancers etc. in vivo. In this review, we describe the types of different reporter genes and reporter mouse models including, random reporter strains, Cre reporter strains and ROSA26 reporter strains. Collectively, these reporter mouse models have broadened scientific inquires and provided potential strategies for generation of novel reporter animal models with enhanced capabilities.
“Precipitation on Nanoparticles”: Attractive Intermolecular Interactions Stabilize Specific Ligand Ratios on the Surfaces of Nanoparticles
Authors: Chu Zonglin , Han Yanxiao , Král Petr , Klajn Rafal 
Published: April 2018

AbstractConfining organic molecules to the surfaces of inorganic nanoparticles can induce intermolecular interactions between them, which can affect the composition of the mixed self‐assembled monolayers obtained by co‐adsorption from solution of two different molecules. Two thiolated ligands (a dialkylviologen and a zwitterionic sulfobetaine) that can interact with each other electrostatically were coadsorbed onto gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticles favor a narrow range of ratios of these two molecules that is largely independent of the molar ratio in solution. Changing the solution molar ratio of the two ligands by a factor of 5 000 affects the on‐nanoparticle ratio of these ligands by only threefold. This behavior is reminiscent of the formation of insoluble inorganic salts (such as AgCl), which similarly compensate positive and negative charges upon crystallizing. Our results pave the way towards developing well‐defined hybrid organic–inorganic nanostructures.
Synthesis of 1,4‐Cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4‐Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid and 1,2‐Cyclohexanedicarboxylates from Formaldehyde, Crotonaldehyde and Acrylate/Fumarate
Authors: Hu Yancheng , Zhao Zhitong , Liu Yanting , Li Guangyi , Wang Aiqin , Cong Yu , Zhang Tao , Wang Feng , Li Ning 
Published: April 2018

AbstractValuable polyester monomers and plasticizers—1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (CHDA), and 1,2‐cyclohexanedicarboxylates—have been prepared by a new strategy. The synthetic processes involve a proline‐catalyzed formal [3+1+2] cycloaddition of formaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, and acrylate (or fumarate). CHDM is produced after a subsequent hydrogenation step over a commercially available Cu/Zn/Al catalyst and a one‐pot hydrogenation/oxidation/hydrolysis process yields CHDA, whereas 1,2‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate is obtained by a Pd/C‐catalyzed tandem decarbonylation/hydrogenation step.
Cucurbit[7]uril‐Dimethyllysine Recognition in a Model Protein
Authors: Guagnini Francesca , Antonik Paweł M. , Rennie Martin L. , O'Byrne Peter , Khan Amir R. , Pinalli Roberta , Dalcanale Enrico , Crowley Peter B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHere, we provide the first structural characterization of host–guest complexation between cucurbit[7]uril (Q7) and dimethyllysine (KMe2) in a model protein. Binding was dominated by complete encapsulation of the dimethylammonium functional group. While selectivity for the most sterically accessible dimethyllysine was observed both in solution and in the solid state, three different modes of Q7‐KMe2 complexation were revealed by X‐ray crystallography. The crystal structures revealed also entrapped water molecules that solvated the ammonium group within the Q7 cavity. Remarkable Q7‐protein assemblies, including inter‐locked octahedral cages that comprise 24 protein trimers, occurred in the solid state. Cucurbituril clusters appear to be responsible for these assemblies, suggesting a strategy to generate controlled protein architectures.
From Open‐Shell Singlet Diradicaloid to Closed‐Shell Global Antiaromatic Macrocycles
Authors: Li Guangwu , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Ding Jun , Wu Jishan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA dithieno[a,h]‐s‐indacene‐ (DTI‐) based diradicaloid DTI‐2Br was synthesized and its open‐shell singlet diradical character was validated by magnetic measurements. On the other hand, its macrocyclic trimer DTI‐MC3 and tetramer DTI‐MC4 turned out to be closed‐shell compounds with global antiaromaticity, which was supported by X‐ray crystallographic analysis and NMR spectroscopy, assisted by ACID and 2D‐ICSS calculations. Such change can be explained by a subtle balance between two types of antiferromagnetic spin–spin coupling along the π‐conjugated macrocycles. The dications of DTI‐MC3 and DTI‐MC4 turned out to be open‐shell singlet diradical dications, with a singlet–triplet energy gap of −2.90 and −2.60 kcal mol−1, respectively. At the same time, they are both global aromatic. Our studies show that intramolecular spin–spin interactions play important roles on electronic properties of π‐conjugated macrocycles.
Enhanced thermal and electrical insulation properties of polyimide films determined via a two‐dimensional layered double hydroxide–potassium perfluorooctane sulfonate material
Authors: Ma Lili , Lei Qingquan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTPolyimide (PI) films used in aerospace and rail applications are degraded by thermal, chemical, and electric power under the effect of insulation aging. To prevent these types of degradation, we prepared nanocomposite films of PI and layered double hydroxide (LDH) modified with the potassium perfluorooctane sulfonate (FS) by an in situ method. On the whole, the glass‐transition temperature, dielectric constant (ɛ′), and corona‐resistance lifetime of the nanocomposite films increased over those of the pure PI film, but the temperature at 10 wt % weight loss, breakdown strength, and volume resistance decreased correspondingly as a whole. The PI matrix was protected by the inorganic material of LDH–FS with a high ɛ′ from corona corrosion. Furthermore, the heat and chemical interactions of the composite films improved the corona‐resistance lifetime, despite the decrease in the breakdown strength; this should result in promising applications for insulation parts of variable‐frequency motors. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46528.
Molecular insights into trypanothione reductase‐inhibitor interaction: A structure‐based review
Authors: Tiwari Neha , Tanwar Neetu , Munde Manoj 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInformation on how small molecules bind to the target enzyme has the potential to impact immensely on how medicinal chemists go about antiparasitic drug discovery. In this review, for the first time, we intend to make an assessment of the structural aspects of trypanothione reductase as drug target, and its complexes with several reversible drugs from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). We attempt to reveal the mechanism of these interactions by careful accounting of the X‐ray structures and their possible roles in biological activity to treat Trypanosomatidae diseases. We focus on some of the outstanding findings from structures that are relevant to anti‐trypanocidal drug discovery. We also review new interesting compounds that have appeared in the literature based on these X‐ray structures.
Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Belimumab in Anti–Double‐Stranded DNA–Positive, Hypocomplementemic Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Doria A. , Stohl W. , Schwarting A. , Okada M. , Scheinberg M. , van Vollenhoven R. , Hammer A. E. , Groark J. , Bass D. , Fox N. L. , Roth D. , Gordon D. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of belimumab, a human immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody against B lymphocyte stimulator, in a subset of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were hypocomplementemic (C3 <90 mg/dl and/or C4 <10 mg/dl) and anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) positive (≥30 IU/ml) at baseline.MethodsIn this phase III, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study (BEL112341; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01484496), patients with moderate to severe SLE (Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment version of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index [SELENA–SLEDAI] score ≥8) were randomized (2:1) to receive weekly subcutaneous (SC) belimumab 200 mg or placebo, plus standard SLE therapy, for 52 weeks. The primary end point was SLE Responder Index 4 (SRI‐4) response rate at week 52. Secondary end points were time to severe flare and reduction in corticosteroid dose (weeks 40–52). Safety was assessed throughout.ResultsOf the 836 patients in the intent‐to‐treat (ITT) population, 356 were hypocomplementemic and anti‐dsDNA positive at baseline (108 in the placebo group and 248 in the SC belimumab 200 mg group). Compared with placebo, the belimumab group contained more SRI‐4 responders (47.2% versus 64.6%; P = 0.0014), had a lower incidence of severe flare according to the SELENA‐SLEDAI flare index (31.5% versus 14.1%), and had a greater percentage of patients who reduced corticosteroid dosage by ≥25% to ≤7.5 mg/day during weeks 40–52 (11.4% versus 20.7%; P = 0.0844). Adverse events (AEs) were similar between treatment groups.ConclusionOur findings indicate that in hypocomplementemic, anti‐dsDNA–positive SLE patients, weekly SC belimumab 200 mg significantly improves SRI‐4 response, decreases severe flare incidence, and reduces corticosteroid use versus placebo; a trend toward greater benefit compared with the overall ITT population was observed. AEs were consistent with the known safety profile of belimumab.
Brief Report: Lupus—An Unrecognized Leading Cause of Death in Young Females: A Population‐Based Study Using Nationwide Death Certificates, 2000–2015
Authors: Yen Eric Y. , Singh Ram R. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveMortality statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are used for planning health care policy and allocating resources. The CDC uses these data to compile its annual ranking of leading causes of death based on a selected list of 113 causes. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not included on this list. Since the ranking is a useful tool for assessing the relative burden of cause‐specific mortality, this study was undertaken to rank SLE deaths among the CDC's leading causes of death to see whether SLE is a significant cause of death among females.MethodsDeath counts for the female population of the US were obtained from the CDC's Wide‐ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database and then grouped by age and race/ethnicity. Data on the leading causes of death were obtained from the Web‐based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System database.ResultsDuring 2000–2015, there were 28,411 deaths of females with SLE recorded as an underlying or contributing cause of death. SLE ranked among the top 20 leading causes of death in females between 5 and 64 years of age. SLE ranked tenth among those ages 15–24 years, fourteenth among those ages 25–34 years and 35–44 years, and fifteenth among those ages 10–14 years. For African American and Hispanic females, SLE ranked fifth among those ages 15–24 years, sixth among those ages 25–34 years, and eighth or ninth among those ages 35–44 years, after the 3 common external injury causes of death were excluded from the analysis.ConclusionSLE is among the leading causes of death in young females, underscoring its impact as an important public health issue.
Organocatalytic Strategies for the Synthesis of Cyclopenta‐Fused Arenes and Heteroarenes
Authors: Satpathi Bishnupada , Mondal Atanu , Ramasastry S. S. V. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCyclopentanoids are omnipresent in natural products and pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Among them, cyclopenta‐fused arenes and heteroarenes possess impressive biological properties and play significant role in materials science. Consequently, several notable methods have been developed for their synthesis over the years. In this review, we mainly described metal‐free and organocatalytic approaches that led to the construction of pentannulated arenes and heteroarenes.
State‐Feedback Control for a Class of Timed Petri Nets Subject to Marking Constraints
Authors: Tebani Karima , Amari Said , Kara Redouane 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe paper contributes with an original method of designing a control for discrete event systems modeled by a class of timed Petri nets. Precisely, this work deals with the closed loop control of Timed Event Graphs (TEGs) under specifications expressed with linear marking constraints. The objective of the controller is to limit the number of tokens in some places of these TEGs. The behavior of TEGs is represented by a system of difference equations that are linear in Min‐Plus algebra and the constraints are described by a set of inequalities, which are also linear in Min‐Plus algebra. A formal approach to design control laws that guarantee compliance with these marking constraints is proposed. For this, two sufficient conditions for the existence of control laws are proposed. The computed controls are causal feedbacks, which can be represented by a set of marked and timed places. The proposed method is illustrated in two applications: a manufacturing production line and an assembly system.
Grundinstandsetzung Wehr Geesthacht an der Elbe
Authors: Lühr Stefan , Jäppelt Ulrich 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDie Wehranlage Geesthacht befindet sich etwa 140 km oberhalb der Elbmündung, südwestlich der Stadt Geesthacht, und wurde in den Jahren 1957–1960 als Bestandteil der Staustufe Geesthacht als vierfeldriges Sektorenwehr mit je 50 m Feldweite errichtet. Die Anlage war für einen angestrebten Stau im Oberwasser von NHN +5,65 m ausgelegt, und mit dem Bau des Wehrs sollte ursprünglich nördlich neben dem vierten Wehrfeld ein Laufkraftwerk errichtet werden. Im Zuge der Planfeststellung wurde der zulässige Stau im Oberwasser auf NHN +4,00 m beschränkt, also 1,65 m niedriger als angestrebt. Das Laufkraftwerk wurde dadurch unwirtschaftlich und nie errichtet. An dieser Stelle befindet sich heute eine feste Überlaufschwelle. Auf den Wehrpfeilern ist eine Straßenbrücke gegründet, die die Bundesstraße 404 über die Elbe führt.Im Zuge des Betriebs sind am Wehr teils erhebliche Schäden am Massivbau sowie den stählernen Verschlusssystemen entstanden. Zur Sicherstellung der Dauerhaftigkeit und Betriebssicherheit der Wehranlage ist eine Grundinstandsetzung erforderlich.
Design of Carbon/Metal Oxide Hybrids for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Fleischmann Simon , Tolosa Aura , Presser Volker 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNext generation electrochemical energy storage materials that enable a combination of high specific energy, specific power, and cycling stability can be obtained by a hybridization approach. This involves electrode materials that contain carbon and metal oxide phases linked on a nanoscopic level and combine characteristics of supercapacitors and batteries. The combination of the components requires careful design to create synergistic effects for an increased electrochemical performance. Improved understanding of the role of carbon as a substrate has advanced the power handling and cycling stability of hybrid materials significantly in recent years. This Concept outlines different design strategies for the design of hybrid electrode materials: (1) the deposition of metal oxides on readily existing carbon substrates and (2) co‐synthesizing both carbon and metal oxide phase during the synthesis procedure. The implications of carbon properties on the hybrid material's structure and performance will be assessed and the impact of the hybrid electrode architecture will be analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of all approaches are highlighted and strategies to overcome the latter will be proposed.