bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of different sets of criteria in diagnosing canine atopic dermatitis applied to a population of 250 dogs seen in a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Brément Thomas , Laly Marie J. , Combarros Daniel , Guillemaille Dorian , Bourdeau Patrick J. , Bruet Vincent 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundDifferent sets of criteria are available in veterinary dermatology for the diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD); there are limited data to assess their reliability.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the discriminative and predictive ability of four sets in diagnosing cAD in a population of dogs with different skin diseases.AnimalsTwo hundred and fifty dogs examined in the dermatology unit of a veterinary teaching hospital.Methods and materialsDogs were diagnosed with cAD, flea infestation (FI), flea bite hypersensitivity (FBH), sarcoptic mange (SM) and other skin diseases (OD). FI, FBH and SM were pooled in one group of dermatoses mimicking cAD (MD). All nonatopic dogs were grouped as a “global population” (GP). Four criteria sets were applied to all dogs. For each set of criteria, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), likelihood ratios (LR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated.ResultsWhen applied to the GP, sensitivities ranged from 54 to 83%, specificities from 68 to 75% and PPVs from 35 to 43%. NPVs ranged from 87 to 94%. LRs and DORs were poor. When applied to MD, sensitivities remained unchanged, specificities and PPV were mildly higher, whereas NPVs were mildly lower and LRs and DORs were comparable.Conclusions and clinical importanceThis study showed that each set of criteria had a low diagnostic reliability when used alone. The use of more discriminant criteria integrated into a thorough clinical approach excluding MDs should be considered.
Differential effects of anaesthesia on the contractility of lymphatic vessels in vivo
Authors: Bachmann Samia B. , Proulx Steven T. , He Yuliang , Ries Miriam , Detmar Michael 
Published: March 2019

Key points
Contractility of lymphatic collectors is essential for the functionality of the lymphatic system and, thus, for lymph flow.
Previously published rates of lymphatic collectors in mice vary from 1.1 to 17 contractions/min with little agreement between investigators.
In this study, we focused on the effects of different anaesthesia regimens on lymphatic vessel contractility using in vivo imaging approaches.
We show that isoflurane and pentobarbital have an inhibitory effect on lymphatic contractility compared to mice under other anaesthesia regimens and in awake conditions.
These results should help to establish a standardization of lymphatic contraction studies in mice and may also have relevance for patients undergoing anaesthesia during surgery.
AbstractContractions of collecting lymphatic vessels are essential for the function of the lymphatic vascular system, due to the lack of a central pump to drive flow. A wide range of physiological contraction frequencies and strengths have been reported in previous in vivo studies in mice. This is probably due to the different types of anaesthesia that have been used and which might have exerted direct influences on lymphatic vessel function. We investigated six commonly used anaesthesia regimens for their influence on lymphatic vessel contractility using near‐infrared in vivo imaging approaches. Non‐invasive imaging of the lymphatic leg collector revealed distinct effects of the anaesthesia regimens with reduced contraction activity under isoflurane and pentobarbital anaesthesia. Isoflurane also reduced the contractility of near‐infrared dye‐loaded vessels during invasive imaging of the lymphatic flank collector whereas the combination of ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine had no major effects. The transport time of a lymphatic‐specific dye from the skin through the lymphatic vasculature to the systemic bloodstream was also delayed under isoflurane anaesthesia. Based on these results, we recommend use of combinations of ketamine and medetomidine for future non‐invasive studies and of ketamine, xylazine and acepromazine for invasive studies. Beyond their importance for facilitating the interpretation and planning of animal studies, our findings might also have relevance for human patients undergoing anaesthesia for surgical procedures.
Review on tube model based constitutive equations for polydisperse linear and long-chain branched polymer melts
Authors: Narimissa Esmaeil , Wagner Manfred H. 
Published: March 2019

Rheological equations of state are of great importance for characterization of polymer melts and for simulation of polymer processing. This concise review considers tube model based constitutive equations developed in the last 40 years since the original publication of Doi and Edwards in 1978. The emphasis is on the concepts, assumptions, and material parameters introduced to model nonlinear viscoelasticity of polydisperse linear and long-chain branched polymer melts. Linear viscoelasticity is assumed to be known, either from linear-viscoelastic modeling or by experimental characterization. The scope is limited to constitutive equations which are based on the linear-viscoelastic relaxation modulus and can be expressed in terms of integral, differential, or integro-differential equations.
Multimode models based on the concept of preaveraged stretch require a large number of nonlinear model parameters. Relaxing the assumption of a constant tube diameter, the number of nonlinear model parameters can be drastically reduced to 2 or 3, independent of the number of Maxwell modes needed to represent the linear viscoelasticity.
Adrenaline can restart the heart, but is no good for the brain
Authors: Cook Rob , Davidson Peter , Martin Rosie 
Published: March 2019

The study
A randomised trial of epinephrine in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Perkins GD, Ji C, Deakin CD, Quinn T, Nolan JP, Scomparin C, Regan S, Long J, Slowther A, Pocock H, Black JJM, Moore F, Fothergill RT, Rees N, O’Shea L, Docherty M, Gunson I, Han K, Charlton K, Finn J, Petrou S, Stallard N, Gates S, Lall R for the PARAMEDIC2 Collaborators

Published on 18 July 2018
N Engl J Med
2018;379:711-21.

This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research HTA Programme (project number 12/127/126).

To read the full NIHR Signal, go to:
https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000639/adrenaline-can-restart-the-heart-but-is-no-good-for-the-brain
Impact of eye clinic liaison officers: a qualitative study in UK ophthalmology clinics
Authors: Llewellyn Mark , Hilgart Jennifer , Joshi Puja , Williams Aelwyn 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo explore the impact of eye clinic liaison officers (ECLOs, also known as sight loss advisors) on the processes, functions and quality of ophthalmology clinics through the experiences of ophthalmology staff in the UK.DesignQualitative study.SettingUK hospital ophthalmology clinics.ParticipantsHealth and social care professionals in the UK.ResultsECLOs who had a presence in hospital ophthalmology clinics were seen as valuable in streamlining processes within the clinic, particularly in relation to the certification of visual impairment process, and providing continuity of care for patients when they were discharged from medical treatment. ECLOs also saved staff time in the clinic, as they were often responsible for providing emotional and practical support for patients living with sight loss.ConclusionsECLOs are well placed in ophthalmology clinics. They can relieve pressure on clinical staff by taking on information giving and referring duties, allowing other staff to focus on their clinical responsibilities. The impact of ECLOs may depend on efficient communication with the clinical team, being trusted by other staff and having a good knowledge of local and national sight loss support services outside of the hospital setting. Further research could enhance our understanding of how much time and associated costs ECLOs substitute in the ophthalmology clinic.
Multimorbidity of cardiometabolic diseases: prevalence and risk for mortality from one million Chinese adults in a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Zhang Dudan , Tang Xun , Shen Peng , Si Yaqin , Liu Xiaofei , Xu Zhe , Wu Jinguo , Zhang Jingyi , Lu Ping , Lin Hongbo , Gao Pei 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThe evolution of multimorbidity describes the continuum from a healthy status to the development of a single disease and further progression to multimorbidity with additional diseases. We investigated the evolution of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and risk for mortality in a Chinese population.DesignLongitudinal cohort study using data from the CHinese Electronic health Records Research in Yinzhou (CHERRY) study, with 5.43 million person–years follow-up (median 5.16 years).ParticipantsData for 1 038 704 adults (total 22 750 deaths) were analysed.ExposureCardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as ever being diagnosed with two or more of three diseases: hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Primary and secondary outcome measuresAge-adjusted and sex-adjusted HRs were calculated for all-cause mortality.ResultsThe cardiometabolic disease status of 105 209 (10.1%) individuals changed during the follow-up. The prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity increased from 2.41% (95% CI: 2.38% to 2.44%) to 5.94% (95% CI: 5.90% to 5.99%). Baseline multimorbidity status showed the HR (95% CI) was 1.37 (1.33 to 1.42) in those with one disease, 1.71 (1.64 to 1.79) in those with two diseases and 2.22 (2.00 to 2.46) in those with three diseases. The highest HRs were observed for CVD only (3.31, 95% CI: 3.05 to 3.59) or diabetes and CVD (3.12, 95% CI: 2.37 to 4.11). Those with hypertension only had the lowest HR (1.26, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.30). Longitudinal data showed the HRs (95% CI) in patients with one, two and three diseases were 1.36 (1.32 to 1.41), 2.03 (1.96 to 2.10) and 2.16 (2.05 to 2.29), respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in a general Chinese population increased more than doubled over 5 years, indicating rapid evolution of cardiometabolic multimorbidity. A history of CVD dominates the risk for mortality. A complementary strategy for primary and secondary prevention of cardiometabolic diseases is needed in China.
Stable subgroups and Morse subgroups in mapping class groups
Authors: Kim Heejoung 
Published: March 2019

For a finitely generated group, there are two recent generalizations of the notion of a quasiconvex subgroup of a word-hyperbolic group, namely a stable subgroup and a Morse or strongly quasiconvex subgroup. Durham and Taylor [M. Durham and S. Taylor, Convex cocompactness and stability in mapping class groups, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 15(5) (2015) 2839–2859] defined stability and proved stability is equivalent to convex cocompactness in mapping class groups. Another natural generalization of quasiconvexity is given by the notion of a Morse or strongly quasiconvex subgroup of a finitely generated group, studied recently by Tran [H. Tran, On strongly quasiconvex subgroups, To Appear in Geom. Topol., preprint (2017), arXiv:1707.05581 ] and Genevois [A. Genevois, Hyperbolicities in CAT (0) cube complexes, preprint (2017), arXiv:1709.08843 ]. In general, a subgroup is stable if and only if the subgroup is Morse and hyperbolic. In this paper, we prove that two properties of being Morse and stable coincide for a subgroup of infinite index in the mapping class group of an oriented, connected, finite type surface with negative Euler characteristic.
Isotopes of simple algebras of arbitrary dimension
Authors: Glizburg Vita , Pchelintsev Sergey 
Published: March 2019

It is proved that every finite-dimensional algebra is embeddable in a simple finite-dimensional algebra (a suitable isotope of a matrix algebra). An isotope of the 2nd order matrix algebra over an infinite extension of the ground field may contain a trivial ideal. Every one-sided isotope of a simple unital alternative or Jordan algebra is a simple algebra. Besides, any isotope of a central simple non-Lie Maltsev algebra of characteristic other than 2 and 3 is a simple algebra. But an isotope of a simple Jordan algebra of the symmetric bilinear form on the infinite dimensional space may contain a trivial ideal.
Trajectory-Enhanced AIRS Observations of Environmental Factors Driving Severe Convective Storms
Authors: Kalmus Peter , Kahn Brian H. , Freeman Sean W. , van den Heever Susan C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We investigate environmental factors of severe convective weather using temperature and moisture retrievals from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) that lie along parcel trajectories traced from tornado, large hail, and severe wind producing events in the central United States. We create AIRS proximity soundings representative of the storm environment by calculating back trajectories from storm times and locations at levels throughout the troposphere, using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model forced with the 32-km North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and 12-km North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM12). The proximity soundings are calculated for severe weather events including tornadoes, hail ≥2 in. diameter, and wind gusts &gt;65 mph (29 m s−1) specified in the NCEI Storm Events database. Box-and-whisker diagrams exhibit more realistic values of enhanced convective available potential energy (CAPE) and suppressed convective inhibition (CIN) relative to conventional “nearest neighbor” (NN) soundings; however, differences in lifting condensation level (LCL), level of free convection (LFC), and significant tornado parameter (STP) from the HYSPLIT-adjusted back traced soundings are more similar to NN soundings. This methodology should be extended to larger swaths of soundings, and to other operational infrared sounders, to characterize the large-scale environment in severe convective events.
Verification of Road Surface Temperature Forecasts Assimilating Data from Mobile Sensors
Authors: Karsisto Virve , Lovén Lauri 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
The advances in communication technologies have made it possible to gather road condition information from moving vehicles in real time. However, data quality must be assessed and its effects on the road weather forecasts analyzed before using the new data as input in forecasting systems. Road surface temperature forecasts assimilating mobile observations in the initialization were verified in this study. In addition to using measured values directly, different statistical corrections were applied to the mobile observations before using them in the road weather model. The verification results are compared to a control run without surface temperature measurements and to a control run that utilized interpolated values from surrounding road weather stations. Simulations were done for the period 12 October 2017–30 April 2018 for stationary road weather station points in southern Finland. Road surface temperature observations from the stations were used in the forecast verification. According to the results, the mobile observations improved the accuracy of road surface temperature forecasts when compared to the first control run. The statistical correction methods had a positive effect on forecast accuracy during the winter, but the effect varied during spring when the daily temperature variation was strong. In the winter season, the forecasts based on the interpolated road surface temperature values and the forecasts utilizing mobile observations with statistical correction had comparable accuracy. However, the tested area has high road weather station density and not much elevation variation, so results might have been different in more varying terrain.
Subjective and Objective Assessment of Taste and Smell Sensation in Advanced Cancer
Authors: McGettigan Niamh , Dhuibhir Pauline Uí , Barrett Michelle , Sui Jessica , Balding Lucy , Higgins Stephen , O’Leary Norma , Kennedy Aileen , Walsh Declan 
Published: March 2019

Context: Taste and smell abnormalities (TSA) occur throughout the cancer trajectory regardless of cancer primary site and contribute to cancer-associated malnutrition. TSA etiology is poorly understood. Tumor-related inflammation is a possible cause. Objective: This study examined the prevalence, characteristics, and severity of TSA in advanced cancer and explored the relationship between TSA and nutritional status. No previous study combined subjective and objective measures for both taste and smell assessment in this population. Method: Consecutive advanced cancer hospice patients were recruited. A modified version of the “Taste and Smell Survey” assessed subjective TSA. Validated taste strips and “Sniffin’ Sticks” were the objective measures. The abridged patient-generated subjective global assessment evaluated nutritional status. Results: A 93% prevalence of TSA in 30 patients with advanced cancer was identified. When subjective and objective evaluations were combined, 28 had taste abnormalities, 24 smell abnormalities, and 24 both. Taste changes included “persistent bad taste” (n = 18) and changes in how basic tastes were perceived. Half reported smell was not “as strong” as prediagnosis, while more than half (n = 16) had an objective smell abnormality. Most (97%) were at risk of malnutrition. Fatigue, dry mouth, early satiety, and anorexia were common nutrition-impact symptoms. No statistically significant relationship was found between TSA and malnutrition scores. Conclusions: TSA were highly prevalent. Subjective taste and smell changes did not always accord with objective TSA, suggesting both assessments are valuable. TSA characteristics varied, and particular foods tasted and smelled different and were not enjoyed as before. TSA are common, high-impact problems in advanced cancer.
Pelvic Incidence in Spines With 4 and 6 Lumbar Vertebrae
Authors: Abola Matthew V. , Teplensky Jason R. , Cooperman Daniel R. , Bauer Jennifer M. , Liu Raymond W. 
Published: March 2019

Study Design: Anatomical study. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of abnormal lumbar vertebrae (4 and 6) and note any differences in pelvic incidence (PI) between spines with 4, 5, and 6 lumbar vertebrae. Methods: We screened 2980 dry cadaveric specimens from an osteological collection. Pelvises were reconstructed by articulating the sacra and innominate bones. PI was measured in all specimens via lateral photographs. L6-pelvic incidence (L6PI) was also measured, by articulating L6 to the sacrum and measuring PI from the superior aspect of the L6 vertebral body. Results: Of the specimens screened, 969 specimens were evaluated. Average age of death for all specimens was 50.4 ± 15.4 years. The prevalence of 6 lumbar vertebrae was 0.8% (n = 23), and the prevalence of 4 lumbar vertebrae was 1.8% (n = 54). PI measured 38.5° in specimens with 4 lumbar vertebrae, and 46.7° and 47.1° in specimens with 5 and 6 lumbar vertebrae, respectively. PI was significantly different between specimens with 4 and 5 lumbar vertebrae ( P < .001) but not between specimens with 5 and 6 lumbar vertebrae ( P = .38). For specimens with 6 lumbar vertebrae, when L6 was added to the sacrum, mean L6PI was 27.4°. Conclusions: In our large cadaveric study of full spines, we reported a lower prevalence of spines with 4 and 6 lumbar vertebrae compared to previous studies. PI was significantly decreased in subjects with 4 lumbar vertebrae compared with those with normal spines, and special caution should be taken when managing sagittal balance in these patients.
Preoperative planning of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy using 3D computer-aided design weight-bearing simulated guidance: Technique and preliminary result
Authors: Chernchujit Bancha , Tharakulphan Suthee , Prasetia Renaldi , Chantarapanich Nattapon , Jirawison Choen , Sitthiseripratip Kriskrai 
Published: March 2019

Background: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is an established treatment for uni-compartmental osteoarthritis with varus deformity in relatively active young patients with good knee mobility. The most important factor for success and low complications of HTO is the precise correction of osteotomy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of pre-operative planning of open-wedge HTO using t3D computer-aided design (CAD) weight-bearing simulated guidance technique for the succession of surgery. Materials and methods: Nineteen patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited between July 2013 and June 2014. 3D CAD weight-bearing simulated guidance technique was obtained from standard anterior–posterior, lateral of hip-to-ankle full leg standing radiographs, and computed tomography (CT) scan provided the weight-bearing corrective axis of preoperative planning and predictive corrective mechanical axis value. Post-operative mechanical axis value was obtained after surgery. Results: This comparative study between the predictive corrective, using 3D CAD weight-bearing simulated guidance technique, and post-operative mechanical axis value, analysed with t-test statistical analysis, showed the insignificant difference ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that the 3D CAD weight-bearing simulated guidance technique has good accuracy as preoperative planning of open-wedge HTO for succession surgery.
Transcriptional factor six2 promotes the competitive endogenous RNA network between CYP4Z1 and pseudogene CYP4Z2P responsible for maintaining the stemness of breast cancer cells
Authors: Zheng Lufeng , Guo Qianqian , Xiang Chenxi , Liu Shijia , Jiang Yuzhang , Gao Lanlan , Ni Haiwei , Wang Ting , Zhao Qiong , Liu Hai , Xing Yingying , Wang Yaohui , Li Xiaoman , Xi Tao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe expression of CYP4Z1 and the pseudogene CYP4Z2P has been shown to be specifically increased in breast cancer by our group and others. Additionally, we previously revealed the roles of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network mediated by these genes (ceRNET_CC) in breast cancer angiogenesis, apoptosis, and tamoxifen resistance. However, the roles of ceRNET_CC in regulating the stemness of breast cancer cells and the mechanisms through which ceRNET_CC is regulated remain unclear.MethodsTranscriptional factor six2, CYP4Z1-3′UTR, and CYP4Z2P-3′UTR were stably overexpressed or knocked down in breast cancer cells via lentivirus infection. ChIP-sequencing and RNA-sequencing analysis were performed to reveal the mechanism through which ceRNET_CC is regulated and the transcriptome change mediated by ceRNET_CC. Clinical samples were used to validate the correlation between six2 and ceRNET_CC. Finally, the effects of the six2/ceRNET_CC axis on the stemness of breast cancer cells and chemotherapy sensitivity were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments.ResultsWe revealed that ceRNET_CC promoted the stemness of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, six2 activated ceRNET_CC by directly binding to their promoters, thus activating the downstream PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that the six2/ceRNET_CC axis was involved in chemoresistance.ConclusionsOur results uncover the mechanism through which ceRNET_CC is regulated, identify novel roles for the six2/ceRNET_CC axis in regulating the stemness of breast cancer cells, and propose the possibility of targeting the six2/ceRNET_CC axis to inhibit breast cancer stem cell (CSC) traits.