bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of bodies in maritime rescue operations using unmanned aerial vehicles with multispectral cameras
Authors: Gallego Antonio‐Javier , Pertusa Antonio , Gil Pablo , Fisher Robert B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, we use unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with multispectral cameras to search for bodies in maritime rescue operations. A series of flights were performed in open‐water scenarios in the northwest of Spain, using a certified aquatic rescue dummy in dangerous areas and real people when the weather conditions allowed it. The multispectral images were aligned and used to train a convolutional neural network for body detection. An exhaustive evaluation was performed to assess the best combination of spectral channels for this task. Three approaches based on a MobileNet topology were evaluated, using (a) the full image, (b) a sliding window, and (c) a precise localization method. The first method classifies an input image as containing a body or not, the second uses a sliding window to yield a class for each subimage, and the third uses transposed convolutions returning a binary output in which the body pixels are marked. In all cases, the MobileNet architecture was modified by adding custom layers and preprocessing the input to align the multispectral camera channels. Evaluation shows that the proposed methods yield reliable results, obtaining the best classification performance when combining green, red‐edge, and near‐infrared channels. We conclude that the precise localization approach is the most suitable method, obtaining a similar accuracy as the sliding window but achieving a spatial localization close to 1 m. The presented system is about to be implemented for real maritime rescue operations carried out by Babcock Mission Critical Services Spain.
Assessing surface water–groundwater interactions in a complex river‐floodplain wetland‐isolated lake system
Authors: Li Yunliang , Zhang Qi , Lu Jianrong , Yao Jing , Tan Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFloodplain systems are most often hydrologically complex settings characterized by highly variable surface water–groundwater interactions that are subjected to wide‐ranging wetting and drying over seasonal timeframes. This study used field methods, statistical analysis, and the Darcy's law approach to explore surface water–groundwater dynamics, interactions, and fluxes in a geographically complex river‐floodplain wetland‐isolated lake system (Poyang Lake, China). The floodplain system of Poyang Lake is affected by strongly seasonal shifts between dry and wet processes that cause marked changes in surface water and groundwater flow regimes. Results indicate that wetland groundwater is more sensitive to variations in river levels than the seasonal isolated lakes. In general, groundwater levels are lower than those of the isolated lakes but slightly higher than river levels. Statistical analysis indicates that the river hydrology plays a more significant role than the isolated lakes in controlling floodplain groundwater dynamics. Overall, the river shows gaining conditions and occasionally losing conditions with highly variable Darcy fluxes of up to +0.4 and −0.2 m/day, respectively, whereas the isolated lakes are more likely to show slightly losing conditions (less than −0.1 m/day). Although seasonal flux rates range from 7.5 to 48.2 m/day for surface water–groundwater interactions in the floodplain, the flux rates for river–groundwater interactions were around four to seven times higher than that of the isolated lake–groundwater interactions. The outcomes of this study have important implications for improving the understanding of the water resources, water quality, and ecosystem functioning for both the river and the lake.
Photocatalytic Selectivities of Ethane, Methane and Dimethylether Controlled by Reaction Conditions and TiO2 Structure in the Degradation of Acetic Acid
Authors: Ngo Son , Betts Lynn M. , Dappozze Frederic , Guillard Chantal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe impact of photon flux, humidity and residence time using TiO2 P25 and of the surface area of a series of CristalActiv PC TiO2 anatase, on the selectivities of products formed in the continuous photocatalytic degradation of gaseous acetic acid (AA) on the scale of a few hundred ppm, in the presence or absence of O2, was investigated. Under a continuous flow of air HCHO and C2H6 were the most important products detected. CH3OH was also formed but to a lesser extent. Under a continuous flow of N2, the formation of these three products decreases whereas CH3OCH3, an interesting product which can be used as alternative fuel and CH4, is yielded. The impact of the experimental conditions on product formation, taking into account the intermediate formation of H2O2 and the favorable impact of the surface area on the formation of CH4 in the absence of oxygen and its opposite effect on the formation of C2H6 in the presence of air, was discussed.The presence of rutile phase in TiO2 P25 was also highlighted.
Multimetal Borides Nanochains as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Yingjie , Huang Bolong , Sun Yingjun , Luo Mingchuan , Yang Yong , Qin Yingnan , Wang Lei , Li Chunji , Lv Fan , Zhang Weiyu , Guo Shaojun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe development of cost‐efficient, active, and stable electrode materials as bifunctional catalysts for electrochemical water splitting is crucial to high‐performance renewable energy storage and conversion devices. In this work, the synthesis of Co‐based multi‐metal borides nanochains with amorphous structure is reported for boosting the oxygen evolution (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) by one‐pot NaBH4 reduction of Co2+, Ni2+, and Fe2+ under ambient temperature. In all the investigated Co‐based metal borides, NiCoFeB nanochains show the excellent OER performance with a low overpotential of 284 mV at 10 mA cm‐2 and Tafel slope of 46 mV dec‐1, respectively, together with excellent catalytic stability, and robust HER performance with an overpotential of 345 mV at 10 mA cm‐2. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the excellent electrocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to optimal electronic structure by tuning the Co‐3d band activities by the incorporation of Ni and Fe for enhanced water splitting via the potentially existed Co0 state. Moreover, the electrolyzer using NiCoFeB nanochains as anode and cathode offers 10 mA cm‐2 at a cell voltage of 1.81 V, comparable to commercial Pt/C // Ir/C, providing a simple method to design and explore highly efficient and cheap bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.
Reconceptualizing Sight Words: Building an Early Reading Vocabulary
Authors: Rawlins Amanda , Invernizzi Marcia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSight word learning occurs in most early elementary classrooms. Some kindergarten students face the prospect of learning up to 100 sight words, and many teachers feel pressure to ensure that students know lists of words by the year's end. The authors offer five assertions about sight word learning to direct teachers and administrators toward the research behind word learning and building an early reading vocabulary. The discussion includes how we learn words, how teachers can choose words for early readers, how teachers can ensure that the words stick, and how teachers can choose instructional activities around sight word learning.
Conclusion
Authors: Gill Nick 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter identifies the key contributions of the book and reflects on ethnography as an approach to studying legal actors, communication and decision making. In terms of contributions, the book highlights the messy, contingent, discretionary, unreliable, inconsistent and unjust processes through which legal doctrine is translated into bureaucratic practice in the context of large scale, international asylum decision making systems. In particular the book explores two central axes of tension: between fairness and efficiency, and between consistency and variety. In terms of the effectiveness of legal ethnographies, the chapter argues that the ethnographies contained within the volume amply exemplify the standards of excellence that the literature on ethnography suggests that we use to evaluate ethnographic work.
The “Inner Belief” of French Asylum Judges
Authors: Kobelinsky Carolina 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The judges of the French Court of Asylum, in charge of examining the cases of asylum seekers rejected by the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons, affirm that there are very few technical legal aspects involved in asylum proceedings. They argue that the case law is not consistent and that the domestic law provides a vague definition of who is a refugee. Aside from these legal points, judges examine the “sincerity” of the applicant’s narrative as well as his or her attitude during the hearing. Judges agree to say that the rulings ultimately rely on their intime conviction (inner belief). Drawing on ethnographic data, the chapter explores the emotions and moral values involved in the construction of this inner belief.
Asylum Procedures in Greece: The Case of Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Minors
Authors: Giannopoulou Chrisa , Gill Nick 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates how ‘nonlegal forms of normative ordering’ (Merry 1988: 870) such as those that inhere in national discourses and perceptions, and that are held by legal subjects themselves, can interrupt and recast formal legal structures. The chapter focuses on unaccompanied minors seeking asylum in Greece and their experiences of residing both in shelters and refugee camps. The ethnographic material presented includes narratives of the minors about their life in Greece while waiting for the examination of their asylum application. The chapter highlights the shortcomings of reception for unaccompanied minors in Greece, the ways in which care is often experienced as constraint by unaccompanied minors, and the ways in which they are able to exert agency and defy their categorization as vulnerable victims.
Data Flow in the Smart City: Open Data Versus the Commons
Authors: Beckwith Richard , Sherry John , Prendergast David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMuch of the recent excitement around data, especially ‘Big Data,’ focuses on the potential commercial or economic value of data. How that data will affect people isn’t much discussed. People know that smart cities will deploy Internet-based monitoring and that flows of the collected data promise to produce new values. Less considered is that smart cities will be sites of new forms of citizen action—enabled by an ‘economy’ of data that will lead to new methods of collectivization, accountability, and control which, themselves, can provide both positive and negative values to the citizenry. Therefore, smart city design needs to consider not just measurement and publication of data but also the implications of city-wide deployment, data openness, and the possibility of unintended consequences if data leave the city.
The City as Perpetual Beta: Fostering Systemic Urban Acupuncture
Authors: Fredericks Joel , Caldwell Glenda Amayo , Foth Marcus , Tomitsch Martin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractApplying the concept of perpetual beta to cities proposes a continual and never complete process of city-making. Building on this notion, this chapter employs a conceptual framework of urban acupuncture for conducting and analysing localised small-scale community engagement activities through situated pop-up interventions. Pop-up interventions ‘hack’ public space by temporarily changing the feel of a place to promote awareness around civic issues. We argue that the use of situated pop-up interventions has the potential to provide more inclusive forms of community engagement by combining digital and physical media. The proposed framework employs pop-up activism to facilitate a middle-out approach that encourages citizens to actively identify topics for discussion. Two pop-up interventions in different locations in Australia are discussed in the chapter to assess in what way a systemic level of impact can arise from different processes of city hacking that are facilitated through a distributed, decentralised, yet concerted and regular local approach. We argue that a concerted process of implementing small urban interventions can contribute to an ongoing commitment to participatory city-making. Further work will show how each local intervention can contribute to translating the notion of perpetual beta into systemic change beyond the boundaries of their individual locale and—taken together—across different urban environments of the city.
Economic Resilience Through Community-Driven (Real Estate) Development in Amsterdam-Noord
Authors: Bouw Matthijs , Thoma Despo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractShifts in the perception of risks and precedents of unsuccessful urban planning efforts in the twenty-first century highlight the conflicting nature of ‘control’ and ‘flexibility’ in modern urban practices. This essay argues that urban planning can be revisited today through the lens of the ‘commons’. The notion of commons can be seen as the key to approach top-down and bottom-up initiatives in a systematic way. In this contribution, we argue that collective self-building in Amsterdam-Noord is a type of commons-based urban planning that occupies a unique territory in between state-led and market-led practices, and private efforts of urban development. By correlating the evolving definitions of the commons with the omnipresent dilemmas of urban planning, this essay intends to draw a link between the two, arguing for a more resilient form of city-making. We argue that commons-based urban planning offers a resilient alternative to the master plan, as one of its key strengths lies in the economic and social models it is based on. Finally, this essay attempts to examine the ways new technologies allow us today to revisit and reform the understanding of self-initiation and shared resources in urban environments.
Working in Beta: Testing Urban Experiments and Innovation Policy Within Dublin City Council
Authors: McDermott Fiona 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter describes Dublin City Council (DCC) Beta, an initiative developed as part of the City Council’s Architects’ Division to experiment, innovate and quickly test ideas directly ‘on the street’. Through the detailing of a number of Beta Projects, it illustrates how a project is initiated, what the key processes are, what the role of the citizen is and how the outcomes of completed projects are measured and formalised. It also discusses the Beta Model, highlighting the opportunities and challenges that such a model present for other city governments. Ultimately, it addresses the question of how such an initiative can increase the potential for more inclusive, immediate and innovative approaches to urban problems in a context of risk‐averse city governments with increasing constraints of both resources and finance alongside a growing demand for greater democratic authorship and ownership of the built environment.
Cloud computing deployment: a cost-modelling case-study
Authors: Ellman Jeremy , Lee Nathan , Jin Nanlin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere are wide range of cloud services commercially available.
However there is limited research that investigates the strengths and weaknesses of their cost models in relation to different types of usage requirements. We propose a new costing model that systematically evaluates cloud services,
and which combines compute, disk storage, and memory requirements. This paper demonstrates the proposed costing model on a data set that was derived from a real-world industrial data centre workload by calculating the precise cost of service provision from two leading cloud providers.
Quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease using immunobiological therapy
Authors: Almeida Raphael Souza de , Lisboa Ana Carolina Ribeiro , Moura Alex Rodrigues 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Objectives To assess the quality of life of patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using immunobiological therapy and to relate the general and domain scores of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) to the immunobiological drug in use and the clinical and sociodemographic variables.
Methods This was a descriptive observational cross-sectional study, conducted from June to September 2018 in a tertiary hospital in Sergipe, which included 47 patients with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease. The IBDQ questionnaire was applied together with a sociodemographic questionnaire, and the clinical data and the history of the disease were analyzed.
Results Female, mixed-race, married patients from the countryside of the state of Sergipe, Brazil, who had never undergone any intestinal surgery, represented most of the study participants. 24 patients were on infliximab and 23 were on adalimumab. Variables such as gender, type of immunobiological drug and duration of its use, and association of therapy with other medications were shown to statistically significantly influence the report quality of life (p-value < 0.05).
Conclusion Further studies with larger samples are necessary to allow a more accurate delimitation of the impact of clinical and sociodemographic variables on the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Reducing Door-to-Needle Times for Ischaemic Stroke to a Median of 30 Minutes at a Community Hospital
Authors: Kamal Noreen , Shand Elaine , Swanson Robert , Hill Michael D. , Jeerakathil Thomas , Imoukhuede Oje , Heinrichs Irvin , Bakker Jackie , Stoyberg Carol , Fowler Laura , Duckett Sandy , Holsworth Scott , Mann Balraj , Valaire Shelley , Bestard Jennifer 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlteplase is an effective treatment for ischaemic stroke patients, and it is widely available at all primary stroke centres. The effectiveness of alteplase is highly time-dependent. Large tertiary centres have reported significant improvements in their door-to-needle (DTN) times. However, these same improvements have not been reported at community hospitals.MethodsRed Deer Regional Hospital Centre (RDRHC) is a community hospital of 370 beds that serves approximately 150,000 people in their acute stroke catchment area. The RDRHC participated in a provincial DTN improvement initiative, and implemented a streamlined algorithm for the treatment of stroke patients. During this intervention period, they implemented the following changes: early alert of an incoming acute stroke patient to the neurologist and care team, meeting the patient immediately upon arrival, parallel work processes, keeping the patient on the Emergency Medical Service stretcher to the CT scanner, and administering alteplase in the imaging area. Door-to-needle data were collected from July 2007 to December 2017.ResultsA total of 289 patients were treated from July 2007 to December 2017. In the pre-intervention period, 165 patients received alteplase and the median DTN time was 77 minutes [interquartile range (IQR): 60–103 minutes]; in the post-intervention period, 104 patients received alteplase and the median DTN time was 30 minutes (IQR: 22–42 minutes) (p< 0.001). The annual number of patients that received alteplase increased from 9 to 29 in the pre-intervention period to annual numbers of 41 to 63 patients in the post-intervention period.ConclusionCommunity hospitals staffed with community neurologists can achieve median DTN times of 30 minutes or less.
Cefazolin as surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in hysterectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Pop-Vicas Aurora , Johnson Stephen , Safdar Nasia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveCurrent practice guidelines recommend cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefotetan, or ampicillin-sulbactam as first-line antibiotic prophylaxis in hysterectomy. We undertook this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine whether cefazolin, with limited antianaerobic spectrum, is as effective in preventing surgical site-infection (SSI) as the other first-choice antimicrobials that have more extensive antianaerobic activity.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and EMBASE for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT) in any language up to January 23, 2018. We only included trials that measured SSI (our primary outcome) defined as superficial, deep, or organ space. We excluded trials of β-lactams no longer in clinical use.ResultsIn terms of SSI incidence, cefazolin use was not inferior to its comparator in 12 of 13 individual RCTs included in the analysis. The meta-analysis summary estimate showed a significantly higher SSI risk with cefazolin versus cefoxitin or cefotetan (risk ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.04–2.77; P = .03). However, most studies included nonstandardized dosing and duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis, had indeterminate or high risk of bias, did not include patients with gynecological malignancies, and/or were older RCTs not reflective of current clinical practices.ConclusionDue to inherent limitations associated with old RCTs with limited relevance to contemporary surgery, an RCT of cefazolin versus regimens with significant antianaerobic spectrum is needed to establish the optimal choice for SSI prevention in hysterectomy.
One-day point prevalence as a method for estimating antibiotic use in nursing homes
Authors: Barney Grant R. , Felsen Christina B. , Dumyati Ghinwa K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAntibiotic use tracking in nursing homes is necessary for stewardship and regulatory requirements but may be burdensome. We used pharmacy data to evaluate whether once-weekly sampling of antibiotic use can estimate total use; we found no significant differences in estimated and measured antibiotic use.
It is time to define antimicrobial never events
Authors: Liu Jiajun , Kaye Keith S. , Mercuro Nicholas J. , Davis Susan L. , Patel Twisha S. , Petty Lindsay A. , Pais Gwendolyn M. , Scheetz Marc H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInappropriate antibiotic use is associated with increased antimicrobial resistance and adverse events that can lead to further downstream patient harm. Preventative strategies must be employed to improve antibiotic use while reducing avoidable harm. We use the term “antibiotic never events” to globally recognize and define the most inappropriate antibiotic use.