bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental histopathology in preterm fetal growth restriction
Authors: Sehgal Arvind , Dahlstrom Jane E , Chan Yuen , Allison Beth J , Miller Suzanne L , Polglase Graeme R 
Published: October 2018

AimsApproximately 6–9% pregnancies are affected by fetal growth restriction (FGR). Placental alterations related to utero‐placental insufficiency in FGR may induce placental vascular remodelling to the detriment of the fetus. The objective of this article was to study histopathological features of placentae in a cohort of preterm growth‐restricted infants in comparison to a cohort of preterm appropriately grown infants.MethodsIn a cohort of 40 preterm infants of 28–32 weeks' gestation, placental histopathology was evaluated by a histopathologist, who was blinded to the identity of the grouping. Twenty infants had FGR, while 20 were appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Predefined histopathological characteristics were assessed based on the Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus Statement.ResultsThe gestational age and birthweight of the FGR and AGA cohorts were 29.8 ± 1.3 versus 30 ± 0.9 weeks, P = 0.78 and 923 ± 168 versus 1403 ± 237 g, <0.001, respectively. Maternal vascular malperfusion, accelerated villous maturation and fetal vascular malperfusion were features that were significantly more common in FGR placentae.ConclusionBased on the results of the present study, specific placental histopathological changes may be present in FGR placentae, which may reflect the effects of utero‐placental insufficiency.
Translating prenatal oral health clinical standards into dental education: results and policy implications
Authors: Byrd M. Gentry , Quinonez Rocio B. , Lipp Kelly , Chuang Alice , Phillips Ceib , Weintraub Jane A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate characteristics of pregnant women served through the University of North Carolina's (UNC) prenatal oral health program (pOHP) dental clinic and community healthcare pathways to inform efforts in promoting prenatal oral health policies.MethodsThe pOHP provides medical and dental students and practitioners with interprofessional experiences caring for pregnant women. A retrospective chart audit captured 314 pregnant women who made appointments over 33 months. Descriptive statistics and bivariate comparisons were computed to assess factors associated with dental appointment attendance and treatment completion.ResultsThere were 564 pregnant women, with mean age of 29 years and gestation of 25 weeks, referred to the pOHP dental clinic from UNC OB‐GYN and 20 community sites. Only 56% (N = 314) scheduled an appointment. Of the 314 appointed women, 55% (N = 172) attended at least one appointment. The majority (87%) presented with acute and/or complex treatment needs. Medicaid status was positively associated with appointment attendance (P = 0.001). Less than half (42%) of the women completed treatment prior to delivery. Mean maternal age, gestational age, and weeks to estimated date of delivery (EDD) were not significantly associated with completed treatment.ConclusionsThis study provides descriptive evidence of an academic, interprofessional program's ability to provide safety‐net dental care to pregnant women in the state of North Carolina. Results underscore the need for dental services among pregnant women, signaling for promotion of prenatal oral health clinical standards and informing policy on the state and national levels to maximize dental coverage.
Impact of household composition and family functioning on health of Hispanic mothers in mental health treatment: A secondary analysis study
Authors: Kim Young‐Ju , Mitrani Victoria B. 
Published: October 2018

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Mothers with mental health problems are at risk of well‐being and experience lack of support.

There is little research focusing on the effect of household composition on health of Hispanic mothers with mental illness.

As the family is a central feature in Hispanic lives and there is a high dependence on the family for help, it is crucial to understand how household composition and family functioning influences Hispanic mothers’ health and well‐being.

What does the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Living with at least one other adult in the household are related to better Hispanic mothers’ physical and psychological health.

Mothers living with a greater number of adult in the house are more likely to have fatigue and depression.

More family hassles are associated with worse health outcomes in Hispanic mothers with mental health problems

What are the implications for practice?

There is a need to assess family members who are supportive to Hispanic mothers and to address families’ basic needs in the intervention.

Interventions for Hispanic mothers with mental health problems should be grounded in supporting the strengths of the Hispanic familial networks.

A family‐centred approach for mothers with mental health problems requires integrated assessments and interventions including the families as units.

AbstractIntroductionHousehold composition is seen as a critical factor for recovery of Hispanic mothers with mental illness, but little research has examined the relationship of household composition and health.AimThis study examined how household composition and family functioning impact on both physical and psychological health of Hispanic mothers receiving outpatient mental health services.MethodThe study analysed baseline data of 137 Hispanic mothers participating in a randomized trial of “Healthy Home,” a family‐strengthening home health intervention. A bilingual (English/Spanish) research assessor interviewed participants regarding household composition, family hassles, family cohesion and mother's physical and psychological health.ResultsMothers living with at least one other adult and having fewer family hassles had better health outcomes. Mothers living with a greater number of adult in the house were more likely to have fatigue and depression.DiscussionHispanic mothers having no adults to help them in the house are less able to maintain their physical and psychological health. A family‐centred approach for mothers requires integrated assessments and interventions including the families as units.Implication for practiceInterventions for Hispanic mothers with mental health problems should be grounded in supporting the values and strengths of the Hispanic familial networks.
Developing Telemental Health Partnerships Between State Medical Schools and Federally Qualified Health Centers: Navigating the Regulatory Landscape and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Fortney John C. , Veith Richard C. , Bauer Amy M. , Pfeiffer Paul N. , Valenstein Marcia , Pyne Jeffrey M. , Dalack Gregory W. , Kramer Teresa L. , Ferro Lori J. , Metzger Karla , Shore Jay H. , Carlo Andrew D. , Coates Sara , Ward‐Jones Susan , Larkins Ed , Hafer Erin , Shushan Stephanie , Weaver Donald L. , Unützer Jürgen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundFederally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) deliver care to 26 million Americans living in underserved areas, but few offer telemental health (TMH) services. The social missions of FQHCs and publicly funded state medical schools create a compelling argument for the development of TMH partnerships. In this paper, we share our experience and recommendations from launching TMH partnerships between 12 rural FQHCs and 3 state medical schools.ExperienceThere was consensus that medical school TMH providers should practice as part of the FQHC team to promote integration, enhance quality and safety, and ensure financial sustainability. For TMH providers to practice and bill as FQHC providers, the following issues must be addressed: (1) credentialing and privileging the TMH providers at the FQHC, (2) expanding FQHC Scope of Project to include telepsychiatry, (3) remote access to medical records, (4) insurance credentialing/paneling, billing, and supplemental payments, (5) contracting with the medical school, and (6) indemnity coverage for TMH.RecommendationsWe make recommendations to both state medical schools and FQHCs about how to overcome existing barriers to TMH partnerships. We also make recommendations about changes to policy that would mitigate the impact of these barriers. Specifically, we make recommendations to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid about insurance credentialing, facility fees, eligibility of TMH encounters for supplemental payments, and Medicare eligibility rules for TMH billing by FQHCs. We also make recommendations to the Health Resources and Services Administration about restrictions on adding telepsychiatry to the FQHCs’ Scope of Project and the eligibility of TMH providers for indemnity coverage under the Federal Tort Claims Act.
Patterns of Telehealth Use Among Rural Medicaid Beneficiaries
Authors: Talbot Jean A. , Burgess Amanda R. , Thayer Deborah , Parenteau Lily , Paluso Nathan , Coburn Andrew F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeFew studies have examined telehealth use among rural Medicaid beneficiaries. This study produced a descriptive overview of telehealth use in 2011, including the prevalence of telehealth use among rural and urban Medicaid beneficiaries, characteristics of telehealth users, types of telehealth services provided, and diagnoses associated with telehealth use.MethodsUsing data from the 2011 Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX), we conducted bivariate analyses to test the associations between rurality and prevalence and patterns of telehealth use among Medicaid beneficiaries.FindingsRural Medicaid beneficiaries were more likely to use telehealth services than their urban counterparts, but absolute rates of telehealth use were low—0.26% of rural nondual Medicaid beneficiaries used telehealth in 2011. Psychotropic medication management was the most prevalent use of telehealth for both rural and urban Medicaid beneficiaries, but the proportion of users who accessed nonbehavioral health services through telehealth was significantly greater as rurality increased. Regardless of telehealth users’ residence, mood disorders were the most common reason for obtaining telehealth services. As rurality increased, significantly higher proportions of telehealth users received services to address attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other behavioral health problems usually diagnosed in childhood.ConclusionsThese findings provide a baseline for further policy‐relevant investigations including examinations of changes in telehealth use rates in Medicaid since 2011. Reimbursement policies and unique rural service needs may account for the observed differences in rural‐urban Medicaid telehealth use rates.
Religious Identification, Switching, and Apostasy Among Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland: Individual and Cohort Dynamics Between Two Censuses 2001–2011
Authors: Doebler Stefanie , Shuttleworth Ian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReligious identification has historically been salient in Northern Ireland as an ethnic‐national identity marker. Thirteen years after the Good Friday Agreement that marked the start of the peace process in the country, the question arises whether religious affiliation in Northern Ireland has become less of an ethnonational identity marker and more of a personal choice. This article analyzes religious switching and apostasy between 2001 and 2011, using data from the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study, a representative sample of approximately 28 percent of the population, linked to the 2001 and 2011 censuses. We found that the vast majority retained their self‐reported religious affiliation, a tiny minority switched between Protestantism and Catholicism, and a significant minority, particularly among the young, switched to “none/not stated” or between Protestant denominations. Religious switching is associated with young age, higher education, and also socioeconomic deprivation. Experiences of social frustration appear to drive many to leave their faith.
Caring for “Super‐utilizers”: Neoliberal Social Assistance in the Safety‐net
Authors: Fleming Mark D. , Shim Janet K. , Yen Irene , Van Natta Meredith , Hanssmann Christoph , Burke Nancy J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHospitals throughout the United States are implementing new forms of care delivery meant to address social needs for structurally vulnerable patients as a strategy to prevent emergency department visits and hospitalizations and to thereby reduce costs. This article examines how the deployment of social assistance within a neoliberal institutional logic involves the negotiation and alignment of economistic values with ethics of care. We focus on care practices meant to stabilize the socioeconomic conditions of the most expensive patients in the health care system—the “super‐utilizers”—through the provisioning of basic resources such as housing, food, transportation, and social support. These patients typically suffer from multiple chronic illnesses accompanied by conditions of poverty, housing and food insecurity, exposure to violence and trauma, and associated substance use and mental health problems. We offer an account of how practices of social assistance are being forged within contexts defined by neoliberal governance.
Comparative characterization of putative chitin deacetylases from Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana highlights the potential for distinct chitin‐based metabolic processes in diatoms
Authors: Shao Zhanru , Thomas Yann , Hembach Lea , Xing Xiaohui , Duan Delin , Moerschbacher Bruno M. , Bulone Vincent , Tirichine Leila , Bowler Chris 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Chitin is generally considered to be present in centric diatoms but not in pennate species. Many aspects of chitin biosynthetic pathways have not been explored in diatoms.

We retrieved chitin metabolic genes from pennate (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and centric (Thalassiosira pseudonana) diatom genomes. Chitin deacetylase (CDA) genes from each genome (PtCDA and TpCDA) were overexpressed in P. tricornutum. We performed comparative analysis of their sequence structure, phylogeny, transcriptional profiles, localization and enzymatic activities.

The chitin relevant proteins show complex subcellular compartmentation. PtCDA was likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotes, whereas TpCDA has closer relationships with sequences in Opisthokonta. Using transgenic P. tricornutum lines expressing CDA‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins, PtCDA predominantly localizes to Golgi apparatus whereas TpCDA localizes to endoplasmic reticulum/chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum membrane. CDA‐GFP overexpression upregulated the transcription of chitin synthases and potentially enhanced the ability of chitin synthesis. Although both CDAs are active on GlcNAc5, TpCDA is more active on the highly acetylated chitin polymer DA60.

We have addressed the ambiguous characters of CDAs from P. tricornutum and T. pseudonana. Differences in localization, evolution, expression and activities provide explanations underlying the greater potential of centric diatoms for chitin biosynthesis. This study paves the way for in vitro applications of novel CDAs.
The regulatory module MdPUB29‐MdbHLH3 connects ethylene biosynthesis with fruit quality in apple
Authors: Hu Da‐Gang , Yu Jian‐Qiang , Han Peng‐Liang , Xie Xing‐Bin , Sun Cui‐Hui , Zhang Quan‐Yan , Wang Jia‐Hui , Hao Yu‐Jin 
Published: October 2018

Summary

The plant hormone ethylene is critical for climacteric fruit ripening, while glucose and anthocyanins determine the fruit quality of climacteric fruits such as apple. Understanding the exact molecular mechanism for this process is important for elucidating the interconnection of ethylene and fruit quality.

Overexpression of apple MdbHLH3 gene, an anthocyanin‐related basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor (bHLH TF) gene, promotes ethylene production, and transgenic apple plantlets and trees exhibit ethylene‐related root developmental abnormalities, premature leaf senescence, and fruit ripening. Biochemical analyses demonstrate that MdbHLH3 binds to the promoters of three genes that are involved in ethylene biosynthesis, including MdACO1, MdACS1, and MdACS5A, activating their transcriptional expression, thereby promoting ethylene biosynthesis.

High glucose‐inhibited U‐box‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase MdPUB29, the ortholog of Arabidopsis AtPUB29 in apple, influences the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes and ethylene production by direct ubiquitination of the MdbHLH3 protein.

Our findings provide new insights into the ubiquitination of MdbHLH3 by glucose‐inhibited ubiquitin E3 ligase MdPUB29 in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis as well as indicate that the regulatory module MdPUB29‐MdbHLH3 connects ethylene biosynthesis with fruit quality in apple.
ZmMADS69 functions as a flowering activator through the ZmRap2.7‐ZCN8 regulatory module and contributes to maize flowering time adaptation
Authors: Liang Yameng , Liu Qiang , Wang Xufeng , Huang Cheng , Xu Guanghui , Hey Stefan , Lin Hung‐Ying , Li Cong , Xu Dingyi , Wu Lishuan , Wang Chenglong , Wu Weihao , Xia Jinliang , Han Xu , Lu Sijia , Lai Jinsheng , Song Weibin , Schnable Patrick S. , Tian Feng 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Flowering time is a major determinant of the local adaptation of plants. Although numerous loci affecting flowering time have been mapped in maize, their underlying molecular mechanisms and roles in adaptation remain largely unknown.

Here, we report the identification and characterization of MADS‐box transcription factor ZmMADS69 that functions as a flowering activator through the ZmRap2.7‐ZCN8 regulatory module and contributes to adaptation. We show that ZmMADS69 underlies a quantitative trait locus controlling the difference in flowering time between maize and its wild ancestor, teosinte. Maize ZmMADS69 allele is expressed at a higher level at floral transition and confers earlier flowering than the teosinte allele under long days and short days. Overexpression of ZmMADS69 causes early flowering, while a transposon insertion mutant of ZmMADS69 exhibits delayed flowering. ZmMADS69 shows pleiotropic effects for multiple traits of agronomic importance.

ZmMADS69 functions upstream of the flowering repressor ZmRap2.7 to downregulate its expression, thereby relieving the repression of the florigen gene ZCN8 and causing early flowering. Population genetic analyses showed that ZmMADS69 was a target of selection and may have played an important role as maize spread from the tropics to temperate zones.

Our findings provide important insights into the regulation and adaptation of flowering time.
Imaging microstructure of the barley rhizosphere: particle packing and root hair influences
Authors: Koebernick Nicolai , Daly Keith R. , Keyes Samuel D. , Bengough Anthony G. , Brown Lawrie K. , Cooper Laura J. , George Timothy S. , Hallett Paul D. , Naveed Muhammad , Raffan Annette , Roose Tiina 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Soil adjacent to roots has distinct structural and physical properties from bulk soil, affecting water and solute acquisition by plants. Detailed knowledge on how root activity and traits such as root hairs affect the three‐dimensional pore structure at a fine scale is scarce and often contradictory.

Roots of hairless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Optic) mutant (NRH) and its wildtype (WT) parent were grown in tubes of sieved (<250 μm) sandy loam soil under two different water regimes. The tubes were scanned by synchrotron‐based X‐ray computed tomography to visualise pore structure at the soil–root interface. Pore volume fraction and pore size distribution were analysed vs distance within 1 mm of the root surface.

Less dense packing of particles at the root surface was hypothesised to cause the observed increased pore volume fraction immediately next to the epidermis. The pore size distribution was narrower due to a decreased fraction of larger pores. There were no statistically significant differences in pore structure between genotypes or moisture conditions.

A model is proposed that describes the variation in porosity near roots taking into account soil compaction and the surface effect at the root surface.
Thermal adaptation and plasticity of the plant circadian clock
Authors: Gil Kyung‐Eun , Park Chung‐Mo 
Published: October 2018

Contents

Summary
1215

I.
Introduction
1215

II.
Molecular organization of the plant circadian clock
1216

III.
Temperature compensation
1219

IV.
Temperature regulation of circadian behaviors
1220

V.
Thermal adaptation of the clock: evolutionary considerations
1223

VI.
Light and temperature information for the clock function – synergic or individual?
1224

VII.
Concluding remarks and future prospects
1225

Acknowledgements
1225

References
1225

SummaryPlant growth and development is widely affected by diverse temperature conditions. Although studies have been focused mainly on the effects of stressful temperature extremes in recent decades, nonstressful ambient temperatures also influence an array of plant growth and morphogenic aspects, a process termed thermomorphogenesis. Notably, accumulating evidence indicates that both stressful and nonstressful temperatures modulate the functional process of the circadian clock, a molecular timer of biological rhythms in higher eukaryotes and photosynthetic prokaryotes. The circadian clock can sustain robust and precise timing over a range of physiological temperatures. Genes and molecular mechanisms governing the temperature compensation process have been explored in different plant species. In addition, a ZEITLUPE/HSP90‐mediated protein quality control mechanism helps plants maintain the thermal stability of the clock under heat stress. The thermal adaptation capability and plasticity of the clock are of particular interest in view of the growing concern about global climate changes. Considering these circumstances in the field, we believe that it is timely to provide a provoking discussion on the current knowledge of temperature regulation of the clock function. The review also will discuss stimulating ideas on this topic along with ecosystem management and future agricultural innovation.
Aging, the menopausal transition, and hormone replenishment therapy: retrieval of confidence and compliance
Authors: Saul Shira Rebecca , Kase Nathan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe negative health consequences of age and the postmenopausal hypoestrogenic state and their clinical management are described in this paper. While some dysfunctional elements are irreversibly entrained, others can be modified by an updated menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) strategy reflecting revision and reassessment of the initial Women's Health Initiative (WHI) reports. However, until that positive outcome is realized, menopausal women and their healthcare providers must re‐establish willingness to utilize these effective strategies. This reluctance is fueled by persistent mistaken application of WHI results that reflect the bundled risk and benefits of MHT in asymptomatic women aged 50–79 (average age 63), as opposed to women in their 40s and 50s who initiate therapy because of vasomotor symptoms. The absolute risk of adverse outcomes is much lower and the benefits dramatically higher in these younger women. In addition, newer FDA‐approved formulations, lower dosage regimens, and transdermal delivery methodologies offer wider choice of approaches and promise even greater safety. The positive and negative lessons of the WHI have been learned and can be applied effectively.