bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-proliferative activity of ethyl acetate extracts of Tamarix gallica L. grown at different climatic conditions in Algeria
Authors: Fellah Ouroud , Hameurlaine Samir , Gherraf Noureddine , Zellagui Amar , Ali Tahar , Abidi Abdennabi , Altun Muhammed , Demirtas Ibrahim , SahinYaglioglu Ayse 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The aerial parts of T. gallica collected from three different locations (arid, humid and semi-arid) were extracted using ethyl acetate. The crude extracts were subjected to phenolic appraisal and antiproliferative activity using ELISA and xCELLigence assays. The total phenolic and flavonoids were evaluated using appropriate techniques to give a yield of total phenolics ranging between 238.46 and 348.56 mg GAE (Gallic acid equivalent)/g dry weight extract. The flavonoids yield was found to vary from 36.6 to 103.14 mg QE (quercetin equivalent)/g dry weight extract. Moreover, the extracts were tested against rat brain tumor (C6) and human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines and displayed important differences in activity. These disparities highlighted the effect of climatic factors as quality determinants of secondary metabolites and therefore as a key control of the biological therapeutic effect.
Local Convergence Analysis of an Efficient Fourth Order Weighted-Newton Method under Weak Conditions
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , George Santhosh 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Local convergence analysis of a fourth order method considered by Sharma et. al in [19] for solving systems of nonlinear equations. Using conditions on derivatives upto the order five, they proved that the method is of order four. In this study using conditions only on the first derivative, we prove the convergence of the method in [19]. This way we extended the applicability of the method. Numerical example which do not satisfy earlier conditions but satisfy our conditions are presented in this study.
The Role of Edaphic and Vegetation Factors in Structuring Beta Diversity of the Soil Macrofauna Community of the Dnipro River Arena Terrace
Authors: Zhukov Olexander , Kunah Olga , Dubinina Yulia , Novikova Victoria 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The article presents the results of evaluation of the role of edaphic and vegetation factors on beta diversity of soil macrofauna by means of the MDM-approach. The multinomial diversity model (MDM) is a method for relating the Shannon diversity to ecological factors. The research was conducted in the ‘Dnipro-Orils’kiy’ Nature Reserve (Ukraine). The research polygon was laid in the forest within the Orlova ravine (48º31’13 “N, 34º48”15 “E). The study site comprises 1.0 ha of deciduous woodland bordered by an area of herbaceous cover within the ravine. In the soil of the studied polygon, 38 species of soil invertebrates were identified, which characterizes the gamma diversity. Alpha diversity, or the number of species on average at each sample point is 4.3. Beta diversity is 8.8. The principal component analysis of the edaphic parameters revealed four statistically significant principal components. For vegetation characteristics, six statistically significant principal components were identified. The sequential analysis of the effects shows that edaphic factors accounted for 20.9% (0.81 bit) of the available entropy (1.71–0.91). The largest decrease in the community entropy takes place under the action of the principal components 2 and 3 (0.06 bit and 0.05, respectively). A permutation test showed that these effects are statistically significant. In turn, 28.4% of the community β-diversity is attributable to vegetation factors. The greatest decrease in community entropy is related to the principal vegetation components 1, 3 and 4 (0.07, 0.05 and 0.04 bits, respectively). A permutation test indicated that this effect is statistically reliable. Geostatistical models substantially describe the varying effects on the beta-diversity of edaphic principal components 1 and 2, and the vegetation principal components 1 and 3. It was found that edaphic and plant factors play an important role in structuring the communities of soil macrofauna on the level of beta diversity. Community sensitivity to environmental factors varies in space and is spatially structured. For different environmental factors, specific spatial patterns of community sensitivity are allocated. Beta diversity may be due to the fact that the species of soil macrofauna communities also vary in the degree of sensitivity to various environmental factors. The species of soil microfauna are also divided according to their extent of sensitivity to different ecological factors.
Determination of Organic Fractions and Enzymatic Activity in Forest Spruce Soil of Tatra National Park
Authors: Gáfriková Jana , Hanajík Peter , Zvarík Milan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The formation and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) highly depends on the input of organic material and microbial enzymatic activities. Soil extractions with specific nonpolar and polar extractives can be used to identify qualitative changes in SOM. The aim of this paper was to understand the correlations among microbial enzymatic activity and specific organic fractions in acidic spruce forest soil. Klason lignin (KL), acid soluble lignin (ASL), holocellulose (HC), SOM content, and potential enzymatic activity (FDA and phosphatase) was measured and analyzed. We sampled Dystric Cambisol of forest spruce stands (Picea abies) in Tatra National Park (Slovakia). The SOM fractions were determined gravimetrically based on their extractivity in nonpolar (dichloromethane (DME)) and polar (acetone (AE), ethanol (EE), water (WE)) solvents Total extractives content was 0.079% and nonpolar extractives 0.036%. The mean amount of polar extractives tented to increase in the order EE<AE<WE. The total lignin content was determined to be 1.079% and HC 0.774%. FDA negatively correlated with KL (r=-0.873 p<0.05) and DME (r=-0.913 p<0.05). Phosphatase positively correlated with WE (r=0.972 p<0.01) and KL (r=0.957 p<0.01).
The Norwegian Model in Norway
Authors: Sivertsen Gunnar 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The “Norwegian Model” attempts to comprehensively cover all the peer-reviewed scholarly literatures in all areas of research in one single weighted indicator. Thereby, scientific production is made comparable across departments and faculties within and between research institutions, and the indicator may serve institutional evaluation and funding. This article describes the motivation for creating the model in Norway, how it was designed, organized and implemented, as well as the effects and experiences with the model. The article ends with an overview of a new type of bibliometric studies that are based on the type of comprehensive national publication data that the Norwegian Model provides.
Tool for Drought Monitoring in the Danube Region – Methods and Preliminary Developments
Authors: Bucur Andreea , Gregorič Gregor , Grlj Aleš , Kokalj Žiga , Sušnik Andreja 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Drought is a naturally recurring phenomenon of the climate system that affects virtually all regions of the world. During the past decades extreme droughts with extensive negative effects on ecosystems became evident also in the Danube region. At the moment regional capacity to monitor drought is still very diverse and not synchronised among different countries. In this is paper, we present a recently developed drought monitoring tool – the Drought User Service (DUS) for the Danube region using remote-sensing products which aims at offering a more accurate and in near-real-time monitoring via different drought indices. The DUS was created as the monitoring tool of the risk-based paradigm, which seeks to give information in near real-time about the location and severity of droughts throughout the Danube region. Satellite remote sensing products meet the requirements for operational monitoring because they are able to offer continuous and consistent measurements of variables, which can be used to assess the severity, spatial extent and impacts of drought. In the DUS three different variables – vegetation, soil moisture and precipitation – are monitored with earth observation products. The condition of vegetation and soil moisture is tracked with two simple indicators computed as long-term anomalies of the NDVI and SWI products made available through EU’s Copernicus Global Land Service. The importance of DUS and of the developed methods for faster detection of drought onset as useful foundation for establishing a better pro-active drought management in order to mitigate the negative effects of drought in the region is discussed.
The reception of antiquity in nineteenth-century British literature – an attempt at theoretical synthesis
Authors: Buda Agata 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to make an attempt of theoretical synthesis connected with the idea of reception studies. It presents major aspects which are crucial for understanding the reception studies, especially for the reception of antiquity in Victorian literature (for instance chosen critical approaches to literature, contemporary tools for conducting the research like intertextuality). The paper also presents definitions of classics, classical tradition and reception and tries to explain why Victorian times and literature are a perfect research material to examine the reception of antiquity.
Soil-Geochemical Aspects of Land Use in Abandoned Land in Central Poland
Authors: Harasimiuk Andrzej , Tarchalska Ewa , Pałgan Andrzej 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
It is observed increasing of abandoned land in Poland in last decade of 20th century.The part of abandoned land is usually covered by birch tree community. The entrance of birches, especially on pure sandy area, changes properties of soil. The samples of soil horizons, litter in different stages of decomposition and leaves from birch trees, were taken into analysis. The role of birch was analysed also in comparison to arable land, abandoned land without trees and different ages birch trees communities. After the entrance birch trees soil profiles were enriched in nitrogen and elements such as aluminium, iron, cadmium, lead, cobalt, zinc, which were moved from soil or come from atmospheric load and were accumulated in litter or humus horizon. Compared to arable land, some elements (for example calcium) had lower concentration under birch trees. After several years without fertilization the relationship between elements were changed. In early stages (until 10 years) in litter horizons potassium prevails calcium, later – calcium prevails potassium. Birch trees made soil environment more natural compared to arable land.
Changes of The Thermic Seasons in Warsaw in The Period 1933–2004
Authors: Kossowska-Cezak Urszula 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The beginning dates and the lengths of thermic seasons in Warsaw (1951-2004) were analysed. These characteristics of seasons are very variable, especially in winter. The changes of winter length influence strongly the dates and length of adjacent seasons, that is, of early winter and early spring. The current warming is best visible exactly during these seasons: winter becomes shorter, while early winter and – to an even longer degree – early spring become longer. The period of spring, summer and autumn is characterised by grater stability. These seasons showed a very weak tendency to change on even its lack, both as regards the length and the beginning date.
Variability of Textural Characteristics of Sandur Deposits of Fláajökull and Falljökull (SE Iceland)
Authors: Angiel Piotr 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Studies conducted on the sandurs of Fláajökull and Falljökull aimed at the reconstruction of the dynamics of braided rivers based on the grain size parameters of deposits. The goal of the project was to estimate the degree of deposit transformation and of changes of grain size characteristics as related to the length of transport in contemporary sandur rivers.
Natural and Cultural Landscapes of Equatorial Africa
Authors: Gilarowski Jerzy 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This paper attempts to characterise various cultural landscapes in the area of Equatorial Africa. To achieve this, the contents of various thematic maps and satellite photos representing: areas covered with forests (mostly secondary forests), nature reserves, areas of extensive and intensive agriculture and urban-industrial areas were overlaid with the contents of map of potential vegetation (which represent, to use a simplification, the natural, primeval landscape). The method applied allowed for distinguishing five types of cultural landscape that correspond to five levels of transformation of the primeval landscape.
The resulting map shows a mosaic-like structure of landscapes. This structure changes constantly. The surface area of regions with a certain landscape type increases or decreases, or else the regions change their locations. A detailed analysis of socio-economic processes (and the related changes in the natural environment) can constitute a basis for a prediction of cultural landscape transformation. It is the author’s opinion that such prediction could be applied in various planning projects.
Types of Demographic Evolution in The Microstates
Authors: Barańska Magdalena 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In the twentieth century, changes in the population number of microstates were very diversified. It is possible, however, to observe similarities in population changes. On the basis of the following two criteria a typology of population changes was developed, i.e. the population growth rate and the variability coefficient of the population growth rate. Five types of population changes were singled out: from countries with a very small population growth and a small variability coefficient to those characterised by very large values of both of the discussed criteria.
Trends of Economic Development of Warsaw and their Spatial Implications
Authors: Grochowski Mirosław , Pieniążek Marek , Wilk Waldemar , Zegar Tomasz 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The article presents trends of change in Warsaw’s economic structure and their influence upon the formation of the city’s functional and spatial structure. Using the latest data on the employment structure and kinds of economic entities and their distribution, an attempt has also been made to determine the degree of absorption of the city economy by pro-development activities. On the basis of experiences of other European cities activity types indicating the existence of development trends in the city economy (pro-development activities) were chosen. Next, changes in the number of economic entities in these areas in 1988-2004 were analyzed. Research on the distribution of economic entities in Warsaw is based upon data from the REGON register.
On The Evolution of Tropical Islands Economies in Modern Times
Authors: Jędrusik Maciej 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Over several centuries the characteristic features of the economies of tropical islands were similar and unchanged. On almost all islands, independently of their genetic type, farming and fishing predominated, sprinkled with inter-island trade. With the European expansion, economies of the islands underwent transformations. The development of transportation and communication contributed to the increased accessibility of islands and to their inclusion into world economy. This phenomenon progressed particularly fast in the second half of the 20th century, when already independent island states often searched for capital necessary for their sovereign existence. Numerous unconventional solutions were proposed, but it was tourism that achieved the greatest triumphs, gradually beginning to dominate in the economy of islands of almost all types.
The Application of Decision Binary Trees to Assess the Usefulness of The Digital Terrain Model in Studying the Relationships Between Relief and Vegetation in The Polish High Tatra
Authors: Kącki Karol 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The relationships between individual components of the natural environment have long been an object of research (Kostrowicki, Wójcik, 1972; Rączkowska, Kozłowska, 1994; Kozłowska, Rączkowska, 1996).
This paper is an attempt to analyse the relationships between two geocomponents of the natural environment: relief and vegetation, from a perspective contrary to the one currently prevailing in the literature of the subject. This approach assumes that relief, with its dominant role as a component strongly affecting the formation of the remaining factors, can be indicative in character and as such can represent basic factors that help determine and anticipate the occurrences of certain plant communities as well as locations with no vegetation.
Using geoinformation data along with the tools to process them, an attempt was made to assess the usefulness of the DTM (Digital Terrain Model) to identify selected plant communities, rock and water.
The development of a model of the relationships between the relief and the vegetation is an attempt to capture the correspondence between the parameters characterising the relief, calculated using the DTM model and classes of objects, with the use of information obtained from an Ikonos XS image. This model was subsequently used to draw a map of the land cover for a part of the Gąsienicowa Valley in the High Tatra (Dolina Gąsienicowa). For the purpose of this exercise, a technique of data classification called DBT (Decision Binary Trees) was used.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ASING TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN BATIK PEKALONGAN
Authors: Suyani Suyani 
Published: December 2018

Batik is a craft that has high artistic value and has become part of Indonesian culturesince long. Pekalongan is a city located in the northern coast of the island of Java or in otherwords, a city located on the North Coast of Java. Pekalongan area has a sea port enliveningtrade traffic between islands in the archipelago. The existence of the port affects the socioeconomicand demographic developments. The attitude of openness that supported highcreativity can make batik Pekalongan withstand any difficult time, able to create newcreations. Based on this background to discuss the growth and development of Pekalonganbatik using the theory of acculturation or culture contect that a particular culture is confrontedwith the elements of a foreign culture in such a way that the elements of a foreign culture wasgradually accepted and processed into in their own culture without losing their own culturalidentity. In this case it is clear that batik is the art of Indonesian culture which is admired byforeign countries. In its development as a cultural work, valuable work can not be separatedfrom the influence of age and environment. Facts in the course of history prove that the twoelements have proven this effect and spur trigger that is consistent with the presence of batikculture affecting tone. Keywords: Pekalongan, Batik, culture, growth Batik adalah kerajinan yang memiliki nilai seni tinggi dan telah menjadi bagian budayaIndonesia sejak lama. Pekalongan merupakan salah satu kota yang terletak di pantai Utarapulau Jawa atau dengan kata lain kota yang berada di Pesisir Utara Jawa. Daerah Pekalonganmemiliki pelabuhan laut yang ikut meramaikan lalu lintas perdagangan antar pulau diNusantara. Adanya pelabuhan itu mempengaruhi perkembangan sosial ekonomi maupunkependudukan. Sikap keterbukaan yang didukung kreatifitas tinggi menjadikan pembatikPekalongan sanggup bertahan di masa sesulit apapun, sanggup menciptakan kreasi-kreasibaru. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut untuk membahas lebih dalam tumbuh danberkembangnya batik Pekalongan menggunakan teori akulturasi atau culture contect bahwasuatu kebudayaan tertentu yang dihadapkan dengan unsur-unsur dari suatu kebudayaan asingdengan sedemikian rupa, sehingga unsur-unsur kebudayaan asing itu lambat laun diterima dandiolah ke dalam kebudayaan sendiri tanpa menyebabkan hilangnya kepribadian budaya itusendiri. Dalam hal ini jelas batik merupakan karya seni budaya bangsa Indonesia yang dikagumi oleh mancanegara. Dalam perkembangannya sebagai suatu karya budaya, karya adiluhungyang tidak bisa terlepas dari pengaruh jaman dan lingkungan. Fakta dalam perjalan sejarahmembuktikan telah membuktikan bahwa kedua unsur pengaruh ini memicu dan memacukehadiran batik yang selaras dengan nada budaya yang mempengaruhinya. Kata Kunci : Pekalongan, Batik , budaya, perkembangan
IMPROVING CONCEPTUAL COST ESTIMATING PERFORMANCE PADA PERHITUNGAN HARGA SATUAN TERTINGGI BANGUNAN GEDUNG DI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Nasril Nasril , Jumas Dwifitria Y. 
Published: December 2018

Harga Satuan Tertinggi Bangunan Negara (HST-BGN) yang diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah PU 45/PRT/M/2007 merupakan suatu contoh pengunaan metode conceptual estimasi dalam acuan penentuan anggaran. Pedoman tersebut secara teknis berisi bagaimana menghitung estimasi biaya awal konstruksi
bangunan gedung serta rumah negara melalui parameter-parameter seperti lokasi, kelas bangunan, luas lantai dan jumlah lantai. Kenyataannya, setiap Pemerintah Daerah Tingkat II menggunakan formula yang seragam dalam bentuk aplikasi spreedsheet untuk mengestimasi biaya konstruksi bangunan gedung di wilayah masing-masing. Kelemahan dari formula ini adalah tidak diakomodasinya perbedaan yang timbul dari parameter-parameter tersebut. Dalam penelitian tahap I, telah ditunjukan bahwa lokasi dan waktu mempengaruhi biaya konstruksi bangunan negara tersebut, terutama yang terkait dengan komponen sumber daya berupa material dan tenaga kerja. Selanjutnya dalam penelitian ini juga perlu ditunjukan suatu conceptual estimasi model yang melibat dua factor lain tersebut yaitu luas lantai dan jumlah lantai yang nantinya akan meningkatkan efisiensi atau performance dari proses biaya conceptual estimasi.

Keywords: harga satuan, conceptual cost estimating, bangunan gedung.
ANALISIS BIAYA KEUNTUNGAN DEVELOPER DARI HARGA JUAL BERBAGAI TIPE RUMAH PADA BANGUNAN PERUMAHAN
Authors: Ramadhan Wahyu , Hesna Yervi 
Published: December 2018

Kawasan perkotaan yang berkembang pesat dengan beragam aktivitas menyebabkan kebutuhan masyarakat akan rumah menjadi meningkat. Alternatif mencapai keinginan tersebut yaitu dengan membeli rumah dari pihak pengembang perumahan. Developer atau pengembang perumahan akan berusaha menyediakan rumah
dengan berbagai tipe rumah yang diminati oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui identifikasi biaya yang diperhitungkan kemudian didapatkan titik impas serta keuntungan tiap tipe rumah dengan mengambil data 3 (tiga) tipe rumah yang berbeda di Kota Pekanbaru. Dari hasil analisa break even point untuk rumah tipe 40/128 m2 mencapai titik impas pada Rp.3.232.600.000 (18 Unit), Tipe 75/120 m2 Versailes sebesar Rp.826.960.000 (2 unit), dan tipe 150/155 m2 Lux sebesar Rp.2.866.200.000 (3 unit). Berdasarkan hasil analisa break even point, maka diperoleh keuntungan dari tiap tipe rumah masing-masing yaitu sebesar Rp.1.201.892.432 (Tipe 40/128 m2), Rp.2.300.483.160 (Tipe 75/120 m2Versailes), dan Rp 4.838.821.300 (Tipe 150/155 m2Lux). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa membangun rumah dengan tipe dan ukuran yang kecil, developer akan mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan
membangun rumah dengan tipe dan ukuran menengah dan besar. Dengan menjual rumah tipe 75/120 m2 keuntungan developer yang diperoleh hanya sebesar 20,66% dibandingkan dengan membangun tipe rumah 75/120 m2 Versailes dan tipe rumah 150/155 m2didapatkan keuntungan sebesar 95,08% dan 69,51 %

Keywords: Biaya, Break Even Point, Keuntungan, Developer.