bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young Children and Reading what does the Research Tell Us?
Authors: Smith Ann 
Published: June 2019

This paper attempts to look at the question ‘What factors does research literature identify as being important in facilitating young children's later reading achievement?’Three areas are explored:• phonological awareness• play, and• shared story-reading.The answers from the literature are often complex and contradictory. However, several principles do emerge which early childhood professionals should consider. There is general agreement that a great deal of the learning that relates to reading achievement has occurred before children enter school. There is also general agreement that the sort of literacy input children have had before coming to preschool may vary markedly. Most importantly the case for teaching phonological awareness is very strong. The research support for the role of play is not as compelling as that for phonological awareness, but there is evidence that play contributes to literacy achievement in a number of different ways. Shared story-reading also does not match up to the status teachers have traditionally accorded it. The research does still validate the early childhood professional's support of shared adult/child reading. Implications for teaching practice are drawn from the conclusions reached.
A genomics-informed computational biology platform prospectively predicts treatment responses in AML and MDS patients
Authors: Drusbosky Leylah M. , Singh Neeraj Kumar , Hawkins Kimberly E. , Salan Cesia , Turcotte Madeleine , Wise Elizabeth A. , Meacham Amy , Vijay Vindhya , Anderson Glenda G. , Kim Charlie C. , Radhakrishnan Saumya , Ullal Yashaswini , Talawdekar Anay , Sikora Huzaifa , Nair Prashant , Khanna-Gupta Arati , Abbasi Taher , Vali Shireen , Guha Subharup , Farhadfar Nosha , Murthy Hemant S. , Horn Biljana N. , Leather Helen L. , Castillo Paul , Tucker Caitlin , Cline Christina , Pettiford Leslie , Lamba Jatinder K. , Moreb Jan S. , Brown Randy A. , Norkin Maxim , Hiemenz John W. , Hsu Jack W. , Slayton William B. , Wingard John R. , Cogle Christopher R. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are generally older and have more comorbidities. Therefore, identifying personalized treatment options for each patient early and accurately is essential. To address this, we developed a computational biology modeling (CBM) and digital drug simulation platform that relies on somatic gene mutations and gene CNVs found in malignant cells of individual patients. Drug treatment simulations based on unique patient-specific disease networks were used to generate treatment predictions. To evaluate the accuracy of the genomics-informed computational platform, we conducted a pilot prospective clinical study (NCT02435550) enrolling confirmed MDS and AML patients. Blinded to the empirically prescribed treatment regimen for each patient, genomic data from 50 evaluable patients were analyzed by CBM to predict patient-specific treatment responses. CBM accurately predicted treatment responses in 55 of 61 (90%) simulations, with 33 of 61 true positives, 22 of 61 true negatives, 3 of 61 false positives, and 3 of 61 false negatives, resulting in a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 88%, and an accuracy of 90%. Laboratory validation further confirmed the accuracy of CBM-predicted activated protein networks in 17 of 19 (89%) samples from 11 patients. Somatic mutations in the TET2, IDH1/2, ASXL1, and EZH2 genes were discovered to be highly informative of MDS response to hypomethylating agents. In sum, analyses of patient cancer genomics using the CBM platform can be used to predict precision treatment responses in MDS and AML patients.
Role of Patient and Disease Factors in Adjuvant Systemic Therapy Decision Making for Early-Stage, Operable Breast Cancer: Update of the ASCO Endorsement of the Cancer Care Ontario Guideline
Authors: Henry N. Lynn , Somerfield Mark R. , Abramson Vandana G. , Ismaila Nofisat , Allison Kimberly H. , Anders Carey K. , Chingos Diana T. , Eisen Andrea , Ferrari Bruno L. , Openshaw Thomas H. , Spears Patricia A. , Vikas Praveen , Stearns Vered 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology endorsement of the Cancer Care Ontario recommendations on the Role of Patient and Disease Factors in Adjuvant Systemic Therapy Decision Making for Early-Stage, Operable Breast Cancer. METHODS Two phase III trials—the Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment (TAILORx) in women with hormone receptor–positive, node-negative tumors and the Microarray in Node-Negative and 1 to 3 Positive Lymph Node Disease May Avoid Chemotherapy (MINDACT) trial—provided the evidence for this update. UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS Shared decision making between clinicians and patients is appropriate for adjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer. For patients older than age 50 years and whose tumors have Onco type DX recurrence scores less than 26, and for patients age 50 years or younger whose tumors have Onco type DX recurrence scores less than 16, there is little to no benefit from chemotherapy. Clinicians may offer endocrine therapy alone for these patients. For patients age 50 years or younger with recurrence scores of 16 to 25, clinicians may offer chemoendocrine therapy. Patients with recurrence scores greater than 30 should be considered candidates for chemoendocrine therapy. Based on informal consensus, the Panel recommends that oncologists may offer chemoendocrine therapy to patients with Onco type DX scores of 26 to 30. The MammaPrint assay could be used to guide decisions on withholding adjuvant systemic chemotherapy in patients with hormone receptor–positive lymph node–negative breast cancer and in select patients with lymph node–positive cancers. In both patients with node-positive and node-negative disease, evidence of clinical utility of the MammaPrint assay was only apparent in those determined to be at high clinical risk; the Panel thus did not recommend use of MammaPrint assay in patients determined to be at low clinical risk. Remaining recommendations from the 2016 ASCO guideline endorsement are unchanged. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines .
Quality Initiative to Improve Compliance With Perioperative Anticoagulation
Authors: Pelkofski Elizabeth B. , Baker William D. , Rowlingson John C. , Cantrell Leigh A. , Duska Linda R. 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in gynecologic oncology surgical patients. Many centers use neuraxial analgesia (NA), which affects the timing of prophylactic anticoagulation. In 2012, we determined that the rate of VTE in patients undergoing laparotomy with NA was higher than in those who received alternative pain control. In addition, compliance with preoperative anticoagulation guidelines was only 40%. We undertook a quality initiative (QI) project to increase compliance to 80% in NA cases and maintain 90% in non-NA cases. METHODS: A multidisciplinary working group designed and deployed a QI intervention bundle. Compliance was defined as the receipt of a prophylactic dose of anticoagulant within 1 hour after NA or before skin incision regardless of anesthesia type. Data were abstracted from the medical record after the study period. Cases from the year before QI were used for comparison. Primary outcome was compliance and secondary outcome was the rate of VTE. RESULTS: One hundred women were treated under the QI project and 182 historical cases (HCs) were used for comparison. Overall compliance improved (96% QI v 73% HC; P < .001). This difference was marked in cases with NA (95% QI v 40% HC; P < .001) and remained stable in non-NA cases (97% QI v 91% HC; P = .29). The overall rate of VTE, independent of anesthesia type, remained unchanged (2.1% HC v 0% QI; P = .3). CONCLUSION: Relatively simple and inexpensive initiatives to improve routine processes within the surgical pathway are feasible and attract staff participation. Such efforts are likely to translate into greater levels of patient safety.
Factors Affecting Patient Satisfaction With Their Anesthesiologist: An Analysis of 51,676 Surveys From a Large Multihospital Practice
Authors: Pozdnyakova Anastasia , Tung Avery , Dutton Richard , Wazir Anum , Glick David B. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:
An increasing focus of health care quality is the assessment of patient-reported outcomes, including satisfaction. Because anesthesia care occurs in the context of perioperative surgical care, direct associations between anesthetic management and patient experience may be difficult to identify. We analyzed anesthesia-specific patient satisfaction survey data from a large private practice group to identify patient, procedure, and anesthetic-specific predictors of patient satisfaction with their anesthesiologist, measured via responses to a validated patient satisfaction survey instrument. We hypothesized that some factors governing satisfaction with an anesthesia provider are beyond their ability to control.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed responses to the Anesthesia Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (APSQ), administered online to patients cared for by US Anesthesia Partners, a multistate anesthesia group practice. The APSQ focuses on patient satisfaction with their anesthesiologist and patient-reported outcomes and is administered after discharge. Responses from May to November 2016 were aggregated, and relationships between responses and patient, procedural, and clinician-related factors were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS:
Out of 629,220 adult patients cared for during the study period, 51,676 responded to the survey request for a 9.3% overall response rate for patients. Nonresponders were slightly older and more likely to be male than responders. After multivariable regression, no patient or procedural factor was associated with patient rating of their anesthesiologist. However, ≥55 years of age, inpatient (versus outpatient) setting, and nighttime surgery (between 6 pm and 6 am) were associated with lower scores on other satisfaction questions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data suggest that some factors governing satisfaction with an anesthesia provider are beyond their ability to control. Further work is needed to identify elements of patient satisfaction with their anesthesiologist and to optimize these aspects of perioperative care.
Safe Anesthesia Care in Western Kenya: A Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of Nurse Anesthetists at Multiple Levels of Government Hospitals
Authors: Umutesi Grace , McEvoy Matthew D. , Starnes Joseph R. , Sileshi Bantayehu , Atieli Harrysone E. , Onyango Kennedy , Newton Mark W. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:
Only 20% of the surgical burden in eastern sub-Saharan Africa is currently met, leaving >17 million surgical cases annually in need of safe surgery and anesthesia. Similarly, there is an extreme shortage of anesthesia providers in East Africa, with just 0.44 anesthesiologists per 100,000 people in Kenya compared to 20.82 per 100,000 in the United States. Additionally, surgical access is not equally distributed within countries, with rural settings often having the greatest unmet need. We developed and tested a set of tools to assess if graduates of the Kenya registered nurse anesthetist (KRNA) training program, who were placed in rural hospitals in Kenya, would have any impact on surgical numbers, referral patterns, and economics of these hospitals.

METHODS:
Cross-sectional data were collected from facility assessments in 9 referral hospitals to evaluate the possible impact of the KRNAs on anesthesia care. The hospitals were grouped based on both the number of beds and the assigned national hospital level. At each level, a hospital that had KRNA graduates (intervention) was matched with comparison hospitals in the same category with no KRNA graduates (control). The facility assessment survey included questions capturing data on personnel, infrastructure, supplies, medications, procedures, and outcomes. At the intervention sites, the medical directors of the hospitals and the KRNAs were interviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to present the findings.

RESULTS:
Intervention sites had a density of anesthesia providers that was 43% higher compared to the control sites. Intervention sites performed at least twice as many surgical cases compared to the control sites. Most KRNAs stated that the anesthesia training program had given them sufficient training and leadership skills to perform safe anesthesia in their clinical practice setting. Medical directors at the intervention sites reported increased surgical volumes and fewer referrals to larger hospitals due to the anesthesia gaps that had been addressed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings from this study suggest that KRNAs may be associated with an increased volume of surgical cases completed in these rural Kenyan hospitals and may therefore be filling a known anesthetic void. The presence of skilled anesthesia providers is a first step toward providing safe surgery and anesthesia care for all; however, significant gaps still remain. Future analysis will focus on surgical outcomes, the appropriate anesthesia delivery model for a rural population, and how the availability of anesthesia infrastructure impacts referral patterns and safe surgery capacity.
The MMTV-Wnt1 murine model produces two phenotypically distinct subtypes of mammary tumors with unique therapeutic responses to an EGFR inhibitor
Authors: Pfefferle Adam D. , Darr David B. , Calhoun Benjamin C. , Mott Kevin R. , Rosen Jeffrey M. , Perou Charles M. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The Wnt gene family encodes an evolutionarily conserved group of proteins that regulate cell growth, differentiation and stem cell self-renewal. Aberrant Wnt signaling in human breast tumors has been proposed as a driver of tumorigenesis, especially in the basal-like tumor subtype where canonical Wnt signaling is both enriched and predictive of poor clinical outcomes. The development of effective Wnt-based therapeutics, however, has been slowed in part by a limited understanding of the context-dependent nature with which these aberrations influence breast tumorigenesis. We previously reported that MMTV-Wnt1 mice, an established model for studying Wnt signaling in breast tumors, develop two subtypes of tumors by gene expression classification: Wnt1-EarlyEx and Wnt1-LateEx. Here, we extend this initial observation and show that Wnt1-EarlyEx tumors exhibit high expression of canonical Wnt, non-canonical Wnt, and EGFR signaling pathway signatures. Therapeutically, Wnt1-EarlyEx tumors showed a dynamic reduction in tumor volume when treated with an EGFR inhibitor. Wnt1-EarlyEx tumors had primarily Cd49fpos/Epcamneg FACS profiles, but it was not possible to serially transplant these tumors into wild-type FVB female mice. Conversely, Wnt1-LateEx tumors had a bloody gross pathology, which was highlighted by the presence of ‘blood lakes’ identified by H&E staining. These tumors had primarily Cd49fpos/Epcampos FACS profiles, but also contained a secondary Cd49fpos/Epcamneg subpopulation. Wnt1-LateEx tumors were enriched for activating Hras1 mutations and were capable of reproducing tumors when serially transplanted into wild-type FVB female mice. This study definitively shows that the MMTV-Wnt1 mouse model produces two phenotypically distinct subtypes of mammary tumors that differ in multiple biological aspects including sensitivity to an EGFR inhibitor.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion MR and diffusion kurtosis imaging for discriminating atypical bone metastasis from benign bone lesion
Authors: Wu Gang , Xie Ruyi , Liu Xuanlin , Hou Bowen , Li Yitong , Li Xiaoming 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
To investigate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion MR and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in discriminating atypical bone metastasis from benign bone lesion in patients with tumors.

Methods:
Patients with bone lesions in lower extremity suspected of metastases were enrolled in this prospective study. IVIM diffusion MR and DKI were performed before biopsy. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion (D), perfusion fraction (f) and perfusion-related pseudodiffusion (D*) were generated with IVIM, while mean kurtosis (MK) and mean diffusion (MD) generated with DKI. Two radiologists blinded to pathology results separately measured these parameters for each lesion through drawing region of interest. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine the inter-reader viability in measurement. The patients with pathology-confirmed metastasis or benign lesion were analyzed. The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare IVIM and DKI parameters between metastasis group and benign lesion group. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the ability of discrimination.

Results:
Bone lesions from 28 patients (metastasis, n = 15; benign lesion, n = 13; mean age = 55 years; age range, 34~77) were analyzed with IVIM and DKI. Intraclass correlation coefficient was greater than 0.8 for all parameters. ADC, D and MD were significantly lower in metastases versus benign lesions (p ﻿&lt;0.05). MK and f value were significantly higher in metastases versus benign lesions (p&lt;0.05). D* was not significantly different between the two groups (p&gt;0.05). Areas under curve for ADC, D, f, MK and MD were 0.935, 0.939, 0.891, 0.840 and 0.844 respectively.

Conclusions:
IVIM and DKI derived parameters distinguish between atypical bone metastasis and benign bone lesion in selected patients with tumors.

Advances in knowledge:
Bone metastasis and benign bone lesion differ in water molecular diffusion.
Intravoxel incoherent motion derived true diffusion distinguishes between atypical bone metastasis and benign lesion.
Entomological determinants of malaria transmission in Kayin state, Eastern Myanmar: A 24-month longitudinal study in four villages
Authors: Chaumeau Victor , Fustec Bénédicte , Nay Hsel Saw , Montazeau Céline , Naw Nyo Saw , Metaane Selma , Sawasdichai Sunisa , Kittiphanakun Prapan , Phatharakokordbun Phabele , Kwansomboon Nittipha , Andolina Chiara , Cerqueira Dominique , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap , Nosten François H. , Corbel Vincent 
Published: June 2019

Background: The Thailand-Myanmar borderland is an area endemic for malaria where transmission is low, seasonal and unstable. The epidemiology has been described but there is relatively few data on the entomological determinants of malaria transmission. Methods: Entomological investigations were conducted during 24 months in four villages located in Kayin state, on the Myanmar side of the Thailand-Myanmar border. Anopheles mosquitoes were identified by morphology, and molecular assays were used in order to discriminate between closely related sibling species of malaria vectors. Plasmodium infection rate was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes was very high and multiple species were identified as malaria vectors. The intensity of human-vector contact (mean human-biting rate= 369 bites/person/month) compensates for the low infection rate in naturally infected populations of malaria vectors (mean sporozoite index= 0.04 and 0.17 % for P. falciparum and P. vivax respectively), yielding intermediary level of transmission intensity (mean entomological inoculation rate= 0.13 and 0.64 infective bites/person/month for P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively). Only 36% of the infected mosquitoes were collected indoors between 09:00 pm and 05:00 am, suggesting that mosquito bed-nets would fail to prevent most of the infective bites in the study area. Conclusion: This study provided a unique opportunity to describe the entomology of malaria in low transmission settings of Southeast Asia. Our data are important in the context of malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion.
Presence of Phytol, a Precursor of Vitamin E in Chaetomorpha Antinnina
Authors: Byju K , Vasundhara G , Anuradha V , Nair S M , Kumar N C 
Published: June 2019

Phytol, a precursor of vitamin E was identified from green algae Chaetomorpha antinnina collected from Chullickal, Kochi Kerala coast, using GC-MS. Phytol is an acyclic diterpene alcohol that can be used as a precursor for the manufacture of synthetic forms of vitamin E and vitamin K1. The compound 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol also known as phytol which exist naturally only in single isomeric form having molecular formula C20H40O and molecular mass 296. From the total ion chromatogram more than twenty peaks were observed, the mass spectrum of the peak at Rt 21.53 was resolved and the major fragmentations were noted. Major fragmentation were m/z 71 the base peak, m/z 296 the molecular ion peak, m/z 43, m/z 57, m/z 81, m/z 95, and m/z 123. It was found that there are some other compounds apart from this identified phytol which are more complicated in structure and cannot be characterised using GC-MS. Phytol is reported to have both antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The green algae Chaetomorpha antinnina can be proposed to be a good natural source for production of phytol.
Diversity and Bioprospecting Potential of Bacteria Isolated from the Arctic: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Sabu Thomas Wilson P Abraham 
Published: June 2019

Bioprospecting is a search for new or better bioproducts from biological sources preferably from novel biodiversity. Molecules derived from natural products, particularly those produced by plants and microorganisms, have an excellent record of providing novel chemical structures for development as new pharmaceuticals. Bacteria living under stress are best sources for bioprospecting and also these organisms are least explored. This paper focuses on the bioprospecting and biotechnological potential of bacteria isolated from the Polar Regions. In this context, let us have a glance through the major cold adaptations of psychrophiles and their application potentials with special reference to psychrophilic enzymes. Our lab focus on identifying the biofilm inhibitors against bacterial pathogens and novel molecules of medical importance from bacteria and actinomycetes isolated from Arctic, the North Pole. We are also interested in profiling the diversity, multidrug resistance pattern and the molecular mechanisms involved in bacteria isolated from the pristine environment.
Flow of Conducting Fluid on solid Core Surrounded by Porous Cylindrical Region in Presence of Transverse Magnetic Field
Authors: Dinesh PA Jayalakshmamma D V 
Published: June 2019

The steady flow of an electrically conducting, viscous and incompressible fluid flow through / past a solid core surrounded by cylindrical porous medium is considered in the presence of the transverse magnetic field. The modified Brinkman and Stokes equations are used to describe the fluid flow in porous and non-porous regions respectively. The exact solution is obtained in terms of modified Bessel’s function. The matching boundary conditions are used at the interface of the two regions along with the no-slip condition on the surface of the solid core. Further, uniform velocity away from the fluid surface is considered. The effect of magnetic field and porous parameter on the fluid flow is presented for both porous and non-porous regions. From the obtained result it is noticed that increase in magnetic field strength, the flow is suppressed and fluid flow through porous region is observed. Further, increase in porous