Abstract A003: Developing an AML mouse syngeneic model for combinatory chemotherapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Tang Xin , Tong Lily , An Annie Xiaoyu , Zhang Likun , Cai Jie , Shi Qian , Wery Jean Pierre , Ouyang Davy Xuesong 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Little progress has been made in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for years. Following the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumors, immunotherapy also offers huge promise in many hematologic malignancies, including AML. Anti-PD1 antibody is currently being investigated in combination with azacitidine in patients with relapsed AML. Other emerging immuno-oncology (I/O) therapeutics are also at different stages of preclinical research. However, we are lacking relevant animal models with intact immune system for the preclinical in vivo pharmacologic studies and mechanism-of-action analysis of I/O agents. To meet this need, we set out to develop a series of transplantable mouse AML models carrying Nras mutations and/or a set of clinical relevant fusion proteins, like AML1/ETO. Using a similar approach reported by Scott Lowe and colleagues (1), we constructed retroviral vectors expressing human AML1/ETO9a IRES GFP and NrasG12D, generated retroviruses, co-transduced the fetal liver cells, and performed syngeneic intravenous injections in C57BL/6 mice. The mice developed AML in the following months as the GFP-positive cells enriched as high as around 90% in PBMC. Leukemia cells also dominatde the spleen and bone marrow in moribund mice. The splenocytes from moribund AML1/ETO9a mice were banked and transplanted into new C57BL/6 mice for several rounds. The later passages were more malignant than the early passages. To validate the immune profiling of this model, FACS analysis was applied using mouse PD-L1, Gr-1, CD45, Mac-1, c-kit, and sca-1 antibodies for GFP-positive cells. In PBMC of moribund AML1/ETO9a mice, PD-L1 and c-kit were highly expressed, while the expression levels of Gr-1, CD45, Mac-1, and sca-1 were low. For efficacy test, we performed standard-of-care (SOC) assay with cytarabine, doxorubicin, sorafenib, and anti-PD1 antibody. The dosing started around 10 days post inoculation of 1 x 106 leukemia cells, when GFP-positive cells were 2-10%. While doxorubicin showed good response, cytarabine and sorafenib resulted in modest tumor growth inhibition, and anti-PD1 antibody failed to show any meaningful efficacy. We are currently testing more combinatory treatments, including anti-TIM3 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies. Taken together, we have developed a mouse AML model with clinical relevant mutations for preclinical efficacy assessment of combinatory chemotherapies, target therapies, and immunotherapies. Reference: 1. Zuber J, Radtke I, Pardee TS, et al. Mouse models of human AML accurately predict chemotherapy response. Genes Dev 2009.
Citation Format: Xin Tang, Lily Tong, Annie Xiaoyu An, Likun Zhang, Jie Cai, Qian Shi, Jean Pierre Wery, Davy Xuesong Ouyang. Developing an AML mouse syngeneic model for combinatory chemotherapy and immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A003.