bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Likelihood of depressive symptoms in US older adults by prescribed opioid potency: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005‐2013
Authors: Brooks Jessica M. , Petersen Curtis , Kelly Stephanie M. , Reid Manney C. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationships between depressive symptoms and opioid potency among adults aged 50 years and older reporting use of one or more prescription opioids in the past 30 days.Materials/DesignAdjusted multiple linear regression models were conducted with 2005‐2013 files from a secondary cross‐sectional dataset, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Respondents were community‐dwelling, noninstitutionalized adults 50 years or older (n = 1036). Predictor variables included a positive screen for minor depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ‐9] score greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 9), moderate depression symptoms (PHQ‐9 greater than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 14), and severe depression symptoms (PHQ‐9 greater than or equal to 15). Criterion variables included weaker‐than‐morphine analgesics (eg, codeine and tramadol) and morphine‐equivalent opioids (eg, morphine and hydrocodone), which served as the reference category, as well as stronger‐than‐morphine opioid analgesics (eg, fentanyl and oxycodone).ResultsPrevalence rates for symptoms of minor depression, moderate depression, and severe depression were n = 236 (22.8%), n = 135 (13.0%), and n = 122 (11.8%), respectively. Severe depression was significantly associated with high‐potency opioid use (odds ratio [OR]: 2.27; confidence interval [CI], 1.16‐4.46). In post hoc tests, severe depression remained significantly associated with high‐potency opioid use only among respondents without arthritis (OR: 5.80; CI, 1.59‐21.13).ConclusionsCompared with older adults without depressive symptoms, older adults with severe depressive symptoms are more likely to be taking high‐potency opioid medications. Future prescription opioid medication research should prioritize investigations among older adults with pain‐related diagnoses, other than arthritis, reporting preexisting or new symptoms of severe depression.
Simultaneous interference of SP1 and HIF1α retarding the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC‐1) under hypoxia
Authors: Ai Liqianyu , Lin Sen , Huang Chanjuan , Gao Ling , Zhou Jiaxing , Chen Chunlin , Ye Jian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the regulation of special protein 1 (SP1) and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF1α) on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC‐1) under hypoxic conditions.MethodsThe expression of SP1 and HIF1α under normoxia and hypoxic conditions were assessed by Western blot. SP1 and HIF1α were knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) under hypoxic conditions. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of HMEC‐1 were measured by cell counting kit 8, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine and Transwell coculture system. Western blot analysis and Immunofluorescence were carried out to study the mechanisms of simultaneously inhibiting the adenosine triphosphatase (CD39), 5′‐nucleotidase (CD73), adenosine, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We compared the inhibitory effects between groups concurrently interfering SP1, HIF‐1α, and ranibizumab under hypoxic conditions.ResultsUnder hypoxic conditions, the protein expression of SP1 and HIF1α was increased in HMEC‐1, contrarily, SP1 siRNA and HIF1α siRNA downregulated the expression. Simultaneous inhibition of SP1 and HIF1α demonstrated a much greater restraint of proliferation, migration, and invasion characteristics on HMEC‐1 than respectively knocking down SP1 or HIF1α and anti‐VEGF drugs (0.5 mg/mL ranibizumab) (siRNA and the VEGF inhibitor were applied separately in different groups). Meanwhile, simultaneous inhibition of SP1 and HIF1α effectively reduced the expression of CD39, CD73, adenosine, and VEGF on HMEC‐1 under hypoxic conditions.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that both SP1 and HIF1α played important roles in HMEC‐1 under hypoxia condition. Simultaneous inhibition of SP1 and HIF1α effectively decreased the activity of HMEC‐1 under hypoxic conditions through the CD39‐CD73‐adenosine and VEGF angiogenesis pathways. Our study may provide a new approach to the treatment of retinal neovascular diseases.
Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II regulates mammalian axon growth by affecting F‐actin length in growth cone
Authors: Xi Feng , Xu Ren‐Jie , Xu Jin‐Hui , Ma Jin‐Jin , Wang Wei‐Hua , Wang Feng , Ma Yan‐Xia , Qi Shi‐Bin , Zhang Hong‐Cheng , Zhang Hao‐Nan , Qin Xu‐Zhen , Chen Jian‐Quan , Li Bin , Liu Chang‐Mei , Yang Hui‐Lin , Meng Bin , Saijilafu  
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhile axon regeneration is a key determinant of functional recovery of the nervous system after injury, it is often poor in the mature nervous system. Influx of extracellular calcium (Ca2+) is one of the first phenomena that occur following axonal injury, and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a target substrate for calcium ions, regulates the status of cytoskeletal proteins such as F‐actin. Herein, we found that peripheral axotomy activates CaMKII in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons, and inhibition of CaMKII impairs axon outgrowth in both the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS, respectively). Most importantly, we also found that the activation of CaMKII promotes PNS and CNS axon growth, and regulatory effects of CaMKII on axon growth occur via affecting the length of the F‐actin. Thus, we believe our findings provide clear evidence that CaMKII is a critical modulator of mammalian axon regeneration.
Potential of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes for the recovery of high‐concentrated furfural streams
Authors: Mohamad Nurabiyiah , Reig Mònica , Vecino Xanel , Yong Kelly , Cortina José Luis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFurfural is an interesting compound that can be produced from renewable and sustainable resources and is used in platform chemicals for the synthesis of biofuels and other chemicals. However, a recovery step is required to separate furfural from lignocellulosic hydrolysates when cellulose‐based raw materials are used. In this work, nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes have been evaluated to purify or concentrate synthetic furfural solutions.RESULTSTwo NF membranes (NF90 and NF270) and three RO membranes (XLE, BW30 and SW30) were evaluated to recover furfural from high‐concentrated solutions containing 9 g furfural L−1. Rejection percentages and permeate flux performances were determined and membranes were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that higher trans‐membrane flux could be obtained by NF membranes, being the highest when using NF membranes (260 ± 14 L m−2 h−1) and the lowest with the BW30 membrane (3.3 ± 0.7 L m−2 h−1) working at 20 bar. On the other hand, NF270 allowed the passage of furfural (around 84 ± 3%), while the other tested membranes (NF90, XLE, SW30 and BW30) rejected it (between 67 ± 2 and 90 ± 3%).CONCLUSIONFor this reason, it can be concluded that NF270 will be an option for furfural purification, while NF90 and RO membranes could be used for concentration purposes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A skewed distribution and increased PD-1+Vβ+CD4+/CD8+ T cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Huang Jingying , Tan Jiaxiong , Chen Youchun , Huang Shuxin , Xu Ling , Zhang Yikai , Lu Yuhong , Yu Zhi , Chen Shaohua , Li Yangqiu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The limited application of immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may be due to poor understanding of the global T cell immune dysfunction in AML. In this study, we analyzed the distribution characteristics of 24 TCR Vβ subfamilies in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in AML patients and healthy controls. The percentage of TCR Vβ subfamily T cells was predominately lower in most AML cases, while it was increased in some cases. TCR Vβ2+T cells were increased in AML, particularly TCR Vβ2+CD4+T cells, which were significantly higher. To further address the immunosuppression in different Vβ subfamilies, we characterized the distribution of program death-1 (PD-1)+T cells in TCR Vβ subfamilies of CD4+ and CD8+T cells. Significantly higher levels of PD-1+Vβ+T cells were found for most Vβ subfamilies in most AML cases. A higher percentage of PD-1+Vβ2+T cells with a high number of Vβ2+T cells was found in all of the CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell subsets. Moreover, increasing PD-1+Vβ7.2, Vβ8+, Vβ14+, Vβ16+, and Vβ22+CD8+T cells were distributed in the AML-M5 subtype group compared with the AML-M3 group. In addition, higher PD-1+ Vβ5.2+ and PD-1+ Vβ12+CD8+T cells were associated with AML patients who had a poor response to chemotherapy. In conclusion, increased PD-1+Vβ+T cells is a common characteristic of AML, higher PD-1+Vβ2+T cells may be associated with a low antileukemia effect, and higher PD-1+Vβ5.2+ and PD-1+Vβ12+CD8+T cells may be related to poor prognosis in AML. These characteristics may be worth considering as immune biomarkers for clinical outcome in AML.
A rare PHKA2 variant (p.G991A) identified in a patient with ketotic hypoglycemia
Authors: Ago Yasuhiko , Sugie Hideo , Fukuda Tokiko , Otsuka Hiroki , Sasai Hideo , Nakama Mina , Abdelkreem Elsayed , Fukao Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe describe the case of a 4‐year‐old boy who suffered from frequent ketotic hypoglycemia (KH) but did not have hepatomegaly or elevated liver enzyme levels. However, the patient was found to have a rare variant in the PHKA2 gene. To detect the underlying disease in this case, we performed a gene panel analysis covering 59 genes that are involved in fatty acid oxidation, ketone body metabolism and transport, and glycogen storage diseases. We found no reported disease‐causing mutations. However, the p.G991A variant in PHKA2 was detected. The allele frequency of this variant is 4.57 × 10−5 in the population worldwide, but in Japan it is 5.15 × 10−3. We suspect that this variant may be a major cause of KH in Japanese patients. We performed an enzyme assay on blood cells from the patient. Although the activity of the current PhK variant was not low, it did exhibit thermal instability and a lower affinity to phosphorylase b than the wild type. The patient needed bedtime uncooked cornstarch supplementation from age 5 years until he was 9 years old. The patient's condition improved spontaneously without neurological complications. The clinical course and prognosis in this case are similar to those of glycogen storage disease type IXa, which is also caused by an abnormality of PHKA2.
MRI‐derived regional flow‐volume loop parameters detect early‐stage chronic lung allograft dysfunction
Authors: Moher Alsady Tawfik , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Greer Mark , Becker Lena , Kaireit Till F. , Welte Tobias , Wacker Frank , Gottlieb Jens , Vogel‐Claussen Jens 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundChronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is a major cause for the low long‐term survival rates after lung transplantation (LTx). Early detection of CLAD may enable providing medical treatment before a nonreversible graft dysfunction has occurred. MRI is advantageous to pulmonary function testing (PFT) in the ability to assess regional function changes, and thus have the potential in detecting very early stages of CLAD before changes in global forced expiratory volume during the first second (FEV1%) occur.PurposeTo examine whether early stages of CLAD (diagnosed based on PFT values) could also be detected using MRI‐derived parameters of regional flow‐volume dynamics.Study TypeRetrospective.Population62 lung transplantation recipients were included in the study, 29 of which had been diagnosed with CLAD at various stages.Field Strength/SequenceMRI datasets were acquired with a 1.5T Siemens scanner using a spoiled gradient echo sequence.AssessmentMRI datasets were retrospectively preprocessed and analyzed by a blinded radiologist according to the phase resolved functional lung MRI (PREFUL‐MRI) approach, resulting in fractional ventilation (FV) maps and regional flow‐volume loops (rFVL). FV‐ and rFVL‐based parameters of regional lung ventilation were estimated.Statistical TestsDifferences between groups were compared by Mann–Whitney U‐test with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (n = 2).ResultsrFVL‐CC‐based parameters discriminated significantly between the presence or absence of CLAD (P < 0.003).Data ConclusionUsing the contrast media‐free PREFUL‐MRI technique, parameters of ventilation dynamics and its regional heterogeneity were shown to be sensitive for the detection of early CLAD stages.Level of Evidence: 3Technical EfficacyStage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1873–1882.
Ultrashort echo time imaging of the lungs under high‐frequency noninvasive ventilation: A new approach to lung imaging
Authors: Delacoste Jean , Dournes Gael , Dunet Vincent , Ogna Adam , Noirez Leslie , Simons Julien , Long Olivier , Berchier Grégoire , Stuber Matthias , Lovis Alban , Beigelman‐Aubry Catherine 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAlthough ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences allow excellent assessment of lung parenchyma, image quality remains lower than that of computed tomography (CT).PurposeTo investigate a high‐frequency noninvasive ventilation (HF‐NIV) technique allowing a stabilized inspiration and to compare image quality with current dedicated MR sequences.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTen healthy volunteers.Field Strength/Sequence3D radial UTE sequence at 1.5T.AssessmentUTE‐HF‐NIV sequence was compared with UTE‐free‐breathing (UTE‐FB), reconstructed at end expiration (UTE‐Exp) and average (UTE‐Avg), and breath‐hold VIBE sequences. The distance from lung apex to the dome of the right hemidiaphragm was measured. Visual assessment of the visibility and sharpness of normal anatomical structures was carried out. Dedicated software also quantitatively evaluated vessel–lung and right lung–liver interface sharpness. Apparent signal ratio (Sr) and contrast ratios (Cr) were quantitatively evaluated.Statistical TestsWilcoxon signed rank test for visual scores, paired t‐test for continuous variables, significance at P < 0.05.ResultsThe distance between apex and the right hemidiaphragmatic dome was significantly larger (P < 0.001) with UTE‐HF‐NIV compared with UTE‐FB and VIBE acquisitions. Vessel and airway visibility had identical median visual scores with all UTE methods. Median visual scores for sharpness of vessels and airways were significantly higher (P < 0.001) with HF‐NIV (vessels = 3; airways = 2) than in UTE‐FB (vessels = 2; airways = 1) and VIBE (vessels = 1; airways = 1). Software‐based vessel sharpness evaluation resulted in larger values in 8/10 volunteers with UTE‐HF‐NIV (67.3 ± 9.8) compared with UTE‐Avg (62.3 ± 12.6) but the average difference was not significant (P = 0.28). The sharpness of the lung–liver interface was significantly higher (P < 0.001) with HF‐NIV (17.3 ± 5.3) compared with UTE‐Avg (14.1 ± 3.9). Significantly higher values (P < 0.01) of Sr and Cr were observed with UTE‐HF‐NIV compared with UTE‐FB and VIBE.Data ConclusionHF‐NIV allowing acquisition at full inspiration significantly improves image quality for lung imaging. This could offer the option to alternate some follow‐up CT studies by using this technique.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1789–1797.
Diffusion‐Weighted MRI of Breast Cancer: Improved Lesion Visibility and Image Quality Using Synthetic b‐Values
Authors: Bickel Hubert , Polanec Stephan H. , Wengert Georg , Pinker Katja , Bogner Wolfgang , Helbich Thomas H. , Baltzer Pascal A. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) is an MRI technique with the potential to serve as an unenhanced breast cancer detection tool. Synthetic b‐values produce images with high diffusion weighting to suppress residual background signal, while avoiding additional measurement times and reducing artifacts.PurposeTo compare acquired DWI images (at b = 850 s/mm2) and different synthetic b‐values (at b = 1000–2000 s/mm2) in terms of lesion visibility, image quality, and tumor‐to‐tissue contrast in patients with malignant breast tumors.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationFifty‐three females with malignant breast lesions.Field Strength/SequenceT2w, DWI EPI with STIR fat‐suppression, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced T1w at 3T.AssessmentFrom acquired images using b‐values of 50 and 850 s/mm2, synthetic images were calculated at b = 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000 s/mm2. Four readers independently rated image quality, lesion visibility, preferred b‐value, as well as the lowest and highest b‐value, over the range of b‐values tested, to provide a diagnostic image.Statistical TestsMedians and mean ranks were calculated and compared using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Reproducibility was analyzed by intraclass correlation (ICC), Fleiss, and Cohen's κ.ResultsRelative signal‐to‐noise and contrast‐to‐noise ratios decreased with increasing b‐values, while the signal‐intensity ratio between tumor and tissue increased significantly (P < 0.001). Intermediate b‐values (1200–1800 s/mm2) were rated best concerning image quality and lesion visibility; the preferred b‐value mostly lay at 1200–1600 s/mm2. Lowest and highest acceptable b‐values were 850 s/mm2 and 2000 s/mm2. Interreader agreement was moderate to high concerning image quality (ICC: 0.50–0.67) and lesion visibility (0.70–0.93), but poor concerning preferred and acceptable b‐values (κ = 0.032–0.446).Data ConclusionSynthetically increased b‐values may be a way to improve tumor‐to‐tissue contrast, lesion visibility, and image quality of breast DWI, while avoiding the disadvantages of performing DWI at very high b‐values.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1754–1761.
The indirect relations of workplace incivility with emotional exhaustion and supportive behaviors via self‐blame: The moderating roles of observed incivility and trait emotional control
Authors: Tong Jiajin , Chong SinHui , Johnson Russell E. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryDrawing from the social cognitive theory of self‐regulation, we develop a model linking experienced incivility to emotional exhaustion and supportive behaviors via self‐blame, with observed incivility experienced by coworkers as a first‐stage moderator and trait emotional control as a second‐stage moderator. We contend that employees will experience self‐blame if they perceive themselves to be distinct targets of incivility (i.e., observed incivility experienced by others is low). Self‐blame can potentially trigger prosocial responses for improving the situation, but self‐blaming targets rarely respond in a prosocial manner because rational attempts to do so are thwarted by deleterious negative emotions accompanying self‐blame. We argue that trait emotional control provides resources for managing these negative emotions to unleash a bright side of self‐blame, such that the relation of self‐blame with prosocial responses (i.e., being supportive to coworkers) will be more positive and the relation of self‐blame with emotional exhaustion will be less positive for individuals with high (vs. low) trait emotional control. Multiwave data collected from a sample of 220 police officers largely support our hypotheses, indicating that the indirect relation of experienced incivility with supportive behaviors via self‐blame is strongest at lower levels of observed incivility and higher levels of emotional control.
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index‐based assessment of climate change impact on vegetation growth in the humid‐arid transition zone in northern China during 1982–2013
Authors: Yuan Wei , Wu Shuang‐Ye , Hou Shugui , Xu Zhiwei , Lu Huayu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs an ecologically sensitive region, the humid‐to‐arid climate transition zone in the eastern and central north China (ECNC) has experienced varied vegetation change in recent decades, but the exact impacts of climate change and human activities remain uncertain. Based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), we established the trend of vegetation change in the past three decades (1982–2013) in the ECNC, and examined the impact of climate and nonclimate factors on vegetation growth within the different eco‐regions. For the study period, the climate in ECNC became significantly warmer and slightly drier, and the overall NDVI increased significantly, but with great spatial variations. Our results suggest that temperature increase has promoted vegetation growth in places that are colder and/or wetter, and with higher vegetation coverage. Precipitation increase has promoted vegetation growth in drier places with sparse vegetation and inhibited growth in wet places with high vegetation coverage. As different eco‐regions typically have different vegetation coverage and occupy different climate zones, their response to climate change also varies. For the study period, increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation promoted vegetation growth in the forest of northern ECNC. Increasing temperature and precipitation led to NDVI increase in the grassland in the south, whereas grassland in the north and west showed no significant change despite temperature increase and precipitation decrease. Cropland responded mostly positively to temperature increase, although correlations between NDVI and climate factors were generally weaker. Using multiple regression models, we found that 60% of the NDVI increase was attributed to climate factors whereas the remaining 40% was likely caused by human activities. Although farming practices and crop rotations might have caused significant decrease in NDVI in small areas, human impact largely led to significant NDVI increase in the grass‐crop transition zones, most likely due to ecological restoration programs.