bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrieval of refractivity fields from GNSS tropospheric delays: theoretical and data-based evaluation of collocation methods and comparisons with GNSS tomography
Authors: Shehaj Endrit , Geiger Alain , Rothacher Markus , Moeller Gregor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the retrieval of refractivity fields from GNSS measurements by means of least-squares collocation. Collocation adjustment estimates parameters that relate delays and refractivity without relying on a grid. It contains functional and stochastic models that define the characteristics of the retrieved refractivity fields. This work aims at emphasizing the capabilities and limitations of the collocation method in modeling refractivity and to present it as a valuable alternative to GNSS tomography. Initially, we analyze the stochastic models in collocation and compare the theoretical errors of collocation with those of tomography. We emphasize the low variability of collocation formal variances/covariances compared to tomography and its lower dependence on a-priori fields. Then, based on real and simulated data, we investigate the importance of station resolution and station heights for collocation. Increasing the network resolution, for example, from 10 to 2 km, results in improved a-posteriori statistics, including a 10% reduction in the error statistic for the retrieved refractivity up to 6 km. In addition, using additional stations at higher altitudes has an impact on the retrieved refractivity fields of about 1 ppm in terms of standard deviation up to 6 km, and a bias reduction of more than 3 ppm up to 3 km. Furthermore, we compare refractivity fields retrieved through tomography and collocation, where data of the COSMO weather model are utilized in a closed-loop validation mode to simulate tropospheric delays and validate the retrieved profiles. While tomography estimates are less biased, collocation captures relative changes in refractivity more effectively among the voxels within one height level. Finally, we apply tomography and collocation to test their capabilities to detect an approaching weather front. Both methods can sense the weather front, but their atmospheric structures appear more similar when the GNSS network has a well-distributed height coverage.
Depression-like effects induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice are rapidly reversed by a partial negative allosteric modulator of mGlu5 receptor, M-5MPEP
Authors: Pałucha-Poniewiera Agnieszka , Bobula Bartosz , Rafało-Ulińska Anna , Kaczorowska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Due to the numerous limitations of ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant drug (RAAD), research is still being conducted to find an effective and safe alternative to this drug. Recent studies indicate that the partial mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator (NAM), 2-(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)-5-methylpyridine (M-5MPEP), has therapeutic potential as an antidepressant.

Objectives
The study aimed to investigate the potential rapid antidepressant-like effect of M-5MPEP in a mouse model of depression and to determine the mechanism of this action.

Methods
Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used as an animal model of depression. The effects of single and four-day administration of M-5MPEP on CUMS-induced animal behaviors reflecting anhedonia, apathy, and helplessness were studied. Western blot was applied to measure the levels of proteins potentially involved in a rapid antidepressant effect, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and serotonin transporter (SERT), both in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, excitatory synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) were measured in the medial PFC (mPFC).

Results
We showed that M-5MPEP administration for four consecutive days abolished CUMS-induced apathy- and anhedonia-like symptoms in a mouse model of depression. We also found that these effects were accompanied by changes in hippocampal TrkB levels and mTOR and eEF2 levels in the PFC. Using electrophysiological techniques, we showed that the four-day M-5MPEP treatment reversed chronic stress-induced increases in excitatory synaptic potential and CUMS-impaired LTP in the mPFC.

Conclusions
Partial mGlu5 receptor NAM, M-5MPEP, appears to be a potentially effective new RAAD and deserves further study.
Spatial variation in toll-like receptor diversity in koala populations across their geographic distribution
Authors: Cui Jian , Batley Kimberley C. , Silver Luke W. , McLennan Elspeth A. , Hogg Carolyn J. , Belov Katherine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an iconic Australian species that is listed as endangered in the northern parts of its range due to loss of habitat, disease, and road deaths. Diseases contribute significantly to the decline of koala populations, primarily Chlamydia and koala retrovirus. The distribution of these diseases across the species’ range, however, is not even. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in innate immunity by recognising and responding to various pathogens. Variations in TLR genes can influence an individual’s susceptibility or resistance to infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to identify koala TLR diversity across the east coast of Australia using 413 re-sequenced genomes at 30 × coverage. We identified 45 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) leading to 51 alleles within ten TLR genes. Our results show that the diversity of TLR genes in the koala forms four distinct genetic groups, which are consistent with the diversity of the koala major histocompatibility complex (MHC), another key immune gene family. The bioinformatics approach presented here has broad applicability to other threatened species with existing genomic resources.
Efficacy of liposomal irinotecan + 5-FU/LV vs. S-1 in gemcitabine-refractory metastatic pancreatic cancer: a real-world study using inverse probability of treatment weighting
Authors: Imaoka Hiroshi , Ikeda Masafumi , Kobayashi Satoshi , Ohba Akihiro , Ueno Masayuki , Suzuki Yuko , Tsumura Hidetaka , Kimura Nana , Kawaguchi Shinya , Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Nakachi Kohei , Tsuji Kunihiro , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Ashida Reiko , Okano Naohiro , Umemoto Kumiko , Murohisa Gou , Hosokawa Ayumu , Asagi Akinori , Nebiki Hiroko , Suzuki Rei , Terashima Takeshi , Shibata Ryusuke , Kawata Kazuhito , Doi Toshifumi , Ohyama Hiroshi , Kitano Yohei , Shioji Kazuhiko , Okuyama Hiroyuki , Naganuma Atsushi , Negoro Yuji , Sakamoto Yasunari , Shimizu Satoshi , Morizane Chigusa , Ueno Makoto , Furuse Junji , Nagano Hiroaki ,   the Japan Oncology Network in Hepatobiliary and Pancreas
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
S-1 monotherapy had previously been widely used as a second-line treatment for pancreatic cancer (PC) after gemcitabine-based chemotherapy mainly in Japan. Based on the results of the NAPOLI-1 trial, the recommended second-line therapy is now liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil/folinic acid (nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV). However, there have been no studies comparing nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV therapy with S-1 monotherapy.

Methods
The main objective of this study was to compare overall survival (OS) in patients treated with nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV and those treated with S-1 monotherapy as second-line treatments, using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method. This study was conducted in 31 institutions participating in Japan Oncology Network in Hepatobiliary and Pancreas. To minimize potential biases due to the retrospective design, IPTW analysis was performed with multiple imputation, and imputed IPTW-adjusted hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model and combined into pooled estimates.

Results
A total of 463 metastatic PC patients were enrolled in this study (257 in the S-1 monotherapy group and 206 in the nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV group). The median OS was 7.50 months (95% CI 4.18–12.69 months) in the nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV group and 5.72 months (95% CI 2.76–10.79 months) in the S-1 monotherapy group. In the IPTW-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV was associated with a significant OS benefit (pooled IPTW-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.779; 95% CI 0.399—0.941; p = 0.025).

Conclusion
These findings support the use of nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV as standard second-line treatment for PC patients after gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.
Periodontal health in teeth treated with deep-margin-elevation and CAD/CAM partial lithium disilicate restorations—a prospective controlled trial
Authors: Hausdörfer Tim , Lechte Clemens , Kanzow Philipp , Rödig Tina , Wiegand Annette 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This prospective controlled clinical trial aimed to compare periodontal parameters of proximal deep-margin-elevation (DME) restoration margins with supragingival/equigingival restoration margins (control) on the opposite proximal surface of the same tooth.

Materials and methods
Subgingival one-sided proximal defects (mesial or distal) on (pre-)molars were restored with composite DME and CAD/CAM-manufactured lithium disilicate ceramic partial-coverage restorations. Periodontal parameters (bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depths (PPD), plaque index (PI)) were recorded after insertion of the ceramic restoration (baseline) and at 1-year recall visit and compared between DME and control on the same tooth (Fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon signed rank test, p < 0.05).

Results
Sixty-eight patients with 77 restorations were included. At baseline, periodontal parameters did not differ between DME and control. Sixty-two restorations could be examined after 1 year. BOP was significantly increased for DME (padj. = 0.003), but not for control (padj. = 0.714). Surfaces with DME showed a significantly higher proportion of BOP than control surfaces (DME: 45 restorations (73.8%), control: 27 restorations (44.3%); padj. = 0.005). PI increased significantly on all tooth surfaces (padj.<0.001), but did not differ between DME and control side (padj. = 0.162). Probing depths did not differ between baseline and follow-up (DME: padj. = 0.199, control: padj. = 0.116). Two restorations were replaced due to a ceramic fracture and secondary caries.

Conclusion
Proximal DME is associated with increased gingival inflammation compared to supragingival or equigingival restoration margins.

Clinical relevance
DME is a promising treatment approach for indirect restoration of teeth with deep proximal defects, but gingival inflammation should be expected.
Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes co‐doped with sulfur and nitrogen as sensors for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of biomolecules
Authors: Tsierkezos Nikos G. , Karagianni Alexandra , Reddmann Eike Felix , Ritter Uwe , Sanchez David E. , Terrones Mauricio , Kordatos Konstantinos V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMulti-walled carbon nanotubes co-doped with sulfur and nitrogen (S–N-MWCNTs) were produced onto silicon/silicon oxide by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) upon decomposition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (ACN) in the presence of ferrocene (FeCp2). The synthesized S–N-MWCNTs were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical response of S–N-MWCNTs towards oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and glucose (GL) was investigated in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 7.4) by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). Strong dependence of electrochemical quality of S–N-MWCNTs on the concentration of decomposed DMSO precursor was observed. Namely, upon increasing the percentage of decayed DMSO from 1.0 up to 2.0% wt., the electrocatalytic activity of S–N-MWCNTs tends to improve. The separations of oxidation waves between AA-DA, DA-UA, and AA-UA reached their maximum values on S–N-MWCNTs-3, fabricated upon decomposition of 2.0% wt. DMSO precursor, permitting their individual and simultaneous electrochemical determination. Strong interference of GL in the analysis of DA was observed, and consequently, simultaneous analysis of AA, DA, and UA can be only carried out in the absence of GL. A great influence of concentration of decomposed DMSO precursor on the sensitivity of S–N-MWCNTs was also observed. Specifically, upon increasing the percentage of decayed DMSO from 1.0 up to 2.0% wt., the sensitivity and detection capability of S–N-MWCNTs towards AA, DA, UA, and GL analytes tend to enhance.
The importance of promoting social relatedness during host language instruction for immigrant adolescents’ motivation, achievement and aspirations
Authors: Strohmeier Dagmar , Kollmayer Marlene , Korlat Selma , Schober Barbara , Spiel Christiane 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study tested the motivational and achievement-related factors associated with immigrant adolescents’ high educational and occupational aspirations. Adolescents residing in Austria (457 girls; 235 first-generation, 418 second-generation and 238 2.5-generation immigrants) aged 11 to 15 years (Mage = 12.50, SDage = 1.08) participated. For all three immigrant groups, high levels of social relatedness–supportive teaching styles in German language predicted high levels of scholastic self-concept, high levels of scholastic self-concept in German language predicted high levels of achievement, and high levels of academic achievement predicted high levels of aspirations. High levels of competence supportive teaching styles predicted high levels of scholastic self-concept only among first-generation immigrants. The implications for host country language instruction of immigrant adolescents are discussed.
Impact of LEO configuration on GPS precise orbit determination with un-differenced ambiguity resolution
Authors: Nie Liangwei , Wang Jungang , Tang Longjiang , Ge Haibo , Ge Maorong , Schuh Harald 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Un-differenced (UD) ambiguity resolution (AR) is widely applied since it can avoid wrong-fixing and fix the most of ambiguities. However, in the precise orbit determination (POD) solution using ground network only, the accuracy of float estimates is not sufficient for a direct UD AR, and thus double-differenced (DD) AR must be conducted first. It is demonstrated that integrating low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites improves the accuracy of ambiguity-float solutions and consequently the improved ambiguity estimates enable successful UD AR. With more and more LEO satellites receiving Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, it is important to investigate the effect of different LEO configurations for LEO-augmented GPS UD AR. In this study, about 100 stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS), and eight LEO satellites with five orbital configurations, including two GRACE-FO, three SWARM, two SENTINEL-3, and one SENTINEL-6 satellites, are used for integrated processing of LEO satellites and ground network. The influence of different numbers of LEO satellites and orbital configurations on the performance of UD POD is investigated by analyzing the POD results of the ground network together with 35 different LEO-satellite schemes. We demonstrate that the performance of POD, in terms of GPS orbit accuracy and unsuccessful fixing in the UD AR solution, depends on the accuracy of float estimates. The number of unsuccessful fixings can be reduced by the increasing number of LEO satellites and orbital configurations. Moreover, including LEO satellites from more orbital configurations is more efficient for a given number of LEO satellites.
CO2 adsorption on a water-resist HKUST-1 by incorporation of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Loera-Serna Sandra , Cortés-Suárez Jonathan , Sanchez-Salas Roque , Ramírez-Rosales D. , Oliver-Tolentino M. , Ramos-Fernández Enrique V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to improve the aqueous stability and electrochemical activity of HKUST-1 (or Cu3(BTC)2, BTC = benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylate; and HKUST from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) by the incorporation of Graphene Oxide (GO). The synthesis was carried out in two steps; first, CuII ions were pre-adsorbed on the surface of GO, and then the BTC organic linker was added to form the HKUST-1 structure dispersed on GO sheets. Two concentrations of copper were used in the synthesis, 3.57 and 14.27 mmol, to obtain the samples: GO@HKUST-1low and GO@HKUST-1high, respectively. N2 adsorption properties of GO@HKUST-1high suggest an increase in surface area compared to HKUST-1 up to 1082.0 m2·g−1. In addition, the CO2 capture of GO@HKUST-1high increased from 5.34 (HKUST-1) to 6.92 mmol·g−1 at 273 K and 100 kPa. This improvement is associated with the dispersion of the HKUST-1 on the GO sheets achieved through the synthesis strategy used, which also increased the surface area, H2O adsorption capacity of the composite material, and electrochemical stability. After the H2O adsorption tests, XRD confirmed that the material was stable under aqueous conditions, showing that the material did not undergo any structural modification.
A multi-criteria decision support system to evaluate the effectiveness of training courses on citizens’ employability
Authors: Bas María C. , Bolós Vicente J. , Prieto Álvaro E. , Rodríguez-Echeverría Roberto , Sánchez-Figueroa Fernando 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines the impact of lifelong learning on the professional lives of employed and unemployed individuals. Lifelong learning is a crucial factor in securing employment or enhancing one’s existing career prospects. To achieve this objective, this study proposes the implementation of a multi-criteria decision support system for the evaluation of training courses in accordance with their capacity to enhance the employability of the students. The methodology is delineated in four stages. Firstly, a ‘working life curve’ was defined to provide a quantitative description of an individual’s working life. Secondly, an analysis based on K-medoids clustering defined a control group for each individual for comparison. Thirdly, the performance of a course according to each of the four predefined criteria was calculated using a t-test to determine the mean performance value of those who took the course. Ultimately, the unweighted TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the efficacy of the various training courses in relation to the four criteria. This approach effectively addresses the challenge of using extensive datasets within a system while facilitating the application of a multi-criteria unweighted TOPSIS method. The results of the multi-criteria TOPSIS method indicated that training courses related to the professional fields of administration and management, hostel and tourism and community and sociocultural services have positive impact on employability and improving the working conditions of citizens. However, courses that demonstrate the greatest effectiveness in ranking are the least demanded by citizens. The results will help policymakers evaluate the effectiveness of each training course offered by the regional government.
Momentum Transport in Heterogeneous Forest Canopies
Authors: Kadum Hawwa , Scott Ryan , Smith Sarah E. , Calaf Marc , Cal Raúl Bayoán 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of spatial heterogeneity on momentum transport within forest canopies through wind tunnel experiments using 1:200 scale forest models. The models, crafted from 10 Pores Per Inch reticulated foam, emulate a leaf area index of 5.3 and include alternating patches and gaps of various sizes. Statistical results of the mean velocity profiles and velocity standard deviations show that the canopies develop a mixing layer. By employing lacunarity analysis to quantify spatial heterogeneity, we establish that the heterogeneity scale effectively represents variations in canopy height. The success of the lacunarity analysis as a metric is particularly noteworthy, providing a robust and practical measure of heterogeneity that can be easily applied in future research. Control volume analysis reveals that horizontal and vertical momentum advection terms rise as canopy heterogeneity increases, emphasizing its critical role in heterogeneous canopies and the possibility of describing this role using the lacunarity scale. The gaps also give rise to pressure terms through the local pressure gradient at each pattern. The study highlights the higher influence of gap size over heterogeneity scale on momentum flux. These insights contribute to improved parameterization of heterogeneous canopies in numerical weather prediction models, aiding in better representation of sub-grid scale processes and enhancing our understanding of canopy-atmosphere interactions.
Effect of irrigation canal conveyance efficiency enhancement on crop productivity under climate change in Nepal
Authors: Basukala Amit Kumar , Eschenbach Annette , Rasche Livia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNepal is expanding its irrigation facilities as an adaptive measure to climate change; however, the current canal conveyance efficiency (CCE) is low with significant water losses. In this study, we assess the potential impact of increasing CCE on the productivity of rice, maize, and wheat under different climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5), utilizing three bias-adjusted general circulation models. The study simulates potential yields at ecoregion levels for two periods: near future (2023 to 2050) and end-century (2075 to 2100). Management scenarios include the following: (1) business as usual, (2) CCE at 30%, (3) CCE at 50%, and (4) CCE at 70%. The results indicate that increasing CCE to 30%, coupled with expanded irrigated areas and adjusted fertilization rates, could boost yields by three tons per hectare across all three crops at the national level. Further increasing CCE to 50% could yield additional increases of up to 0.6 t/ha of maize and 1.2 t/ha of rice in the terai region. A CCE of 70% results in further increases of up to 2.1 t/ha of rice and 1.2 t/ha of maize. The benefits of improved CCE vary by location, with the subtropical terai region experiencing the most and the mountain regions showing the least. We conclude that there is potential to increase yields by increasing CCE to 70% in the terai region, 50% in the hill region, and 30% in the mountains. Wheat appears to benefit the least from improved CCE. This work highlights efficient irrigation as a reliable adaptive measure for future climate change in Nepal.