bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeatability of force production as a measure of kinaesthetic sense in seagoing sailors and recreational sailors
Authors: Blacha Ryszard , Zaton Krystyna , Piwowarczyk Piotr , Jastrzebska Agnieszka , Szczepan Stefan 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe unstable environment and the swaying, rolling, and pitching motions experienced when offshore sailing may disturb motor function and negatively affect personal safety. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in lower limb kinaesthetic sense in sailors after spending time onboard a seagoing vessel.MethodsThe study involved 39 subjects, of which 13 were professional sailors (PS) (age = 22.56 ± 0.83 years), 13 were recreational sailors (RS) (age = 31.50 ± 7.35 years), and 13 served as a non-sailor group (NS) (age = 21.02 ± 0.82 years) with no sailing experience. PS attended a 1-month on-sea training course, RS attended a 1-month seagoing cruise, and NS did not sail or participate in any congruent activity during the study duration. Kinaesthetic sense was quantified before and after the interventions by a force-matching task in which the force production accuracy (FPA) was measured on a custom-designed kinesthesiometer. The participants performed 5 right and left single-leg extensions at a force perceived to be equal to 10 kg (98 N).ResultsRight and left limb FPA increased in PS by 0.70% and 79.12% and in RS by 18.97% and 20.26%, respectively. In NS, right and left FPA decreased by 6.97% and 1.42%, respectively. Only the difference for left limb FPA in the PS group achieved statistical significance (<i>p</i> = 0.0006).ConclusionsA 1-month sailing intervention reduced lower limb kinaesthesia as measured by the accuracy of reproducing a pre-specified force magnitude.
Clinical characteristics and disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis: real world experience from Bulgaria
Authors: Georgiev Tsvetoslav 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesAlthough knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a leading cause of impaired functioning among older adults globally, little is still known about the complex mechanisms of disability accumulation in these patients. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical parameters of patients with KOA in a Bulgarian population and to determine which of these clinical characteristics define disability to the greatest extent.Material and methodsPatients aged 40–80 years with symptomatic KOA were included. The assessment tools for pain, clinical disease severity, and disability were the pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and disease-specific questionnaires: Algofunctional Index of Lequesne, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC), and the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), respectively. Radiographs of the knees were obtained and graded according to the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) system.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-two patients (81% women) participated in the study. The median values of VAS (mm), WOMAC, Lequesne, and HAQ-DI scores were 52, 37.5, 11, 0.88, respectively. Men had milder disease, resulting in lower VAS, WOMAC, Lequesne, and HAQ-DI scores and less structural damage compared to women (p < 0.05). WOMAC index correlated positively with age of the patients but not with duration of the complaints. Patients with severe and very severe pain did not differ in their HAQ-DI, disease severity and KL grading. WOMAC physical function score and Lequesne index were independent predictors for the HAQ-DI in patients with KOA.ConclusionsBulgarian patients with KOA had moderate disability which showed a strong relationship with physical function of WOMAC and disease severity. Multiple layers of causality coexist to determine the knee pain in Bulgarian patients with KOA.
Eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman’s disease): review and comparative evaluation of seven patients
Authors: Urzal Joana , Cimbron Miriam , Mendonça Teresa , Farinha Fátima 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesEosinophilic fasciitis (EF) was described in 1974 by Shulman as a rare fibrosing connective tissue disease of unknown etiology. An undetermined trigger is thought to lead to the degranulation of eosinophils that interact with fibroblasts and express fibrogenic cytokines including the transforming factor of tumor growth a and b and interleukins 1 and 6. The purpose of this study was to summarize seven cases of EF in a central hospital.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective and descriptive study of a population with EF of a central hospital. All patients diagnosed with EF in a hospital unit were admitted to the study between January 1, 2005, and April 30, 2018.ResultsA total of seven patients diagnosed with EF were analyzed. The median age of the population at the time of diagnosis was 56 years, and 57% of the patients were women. All patients had elevated peripheral eosinophilia and sedimentation rate, and only one patient had hypergammaglobulinemia. All patients had edema and cutaneous thickening of the limbs, 57% had constitutional symptoms, and 57% had inflammatory arthritis with joint contracture. Prednisolone (PDN) therapy was initiated in all patients, and only in two was the association of PDN with methotrexate (MTX) initially performed. In one patient triple therapy of PDN, MTX, and cyclosporine was required. At the time of this publication, only one patient maintains active disease, and tocilizumab has been initiated.ConclusionsRecent studies show a more favorable response from the combination of PDN and MTX than from PDN alone. Considering the rarity of the disease, more long-term studies are needed regarding the etiopathogenetics, progression, recurrence of EF, and new effective therapies.
Mondiale rechtvaardigheid afdwingen
Authors: Olsthoorn Johan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Enforcing Global Justice: War, Necessity and Rights of Armed Resistance of the World’s Poor

Global justice theorists have long focused on the nature and grounds of duties of the affluent to alleviate the plight of the global poor and to realize justice worldwide. The last few years has seen a flurry of work that shifts perspective to the agency and remedial rights of the global poor. Suppose due assistance is not forthcoming. Could this give the severely deprived a just cause to secure their basic rights by armed force? If so, under which conditions is it all-things-considered morally permissible for them to resort to violence? This article contrasts two possible ways of grounding and conceptualizing remedial rights of armed resistance against economic injustice. Some modern global justice-based accounts endow the global poor with limited rights to wage defensive war to force the affluent to comply with duties of global justice. The old right of necessity conditionally entitles the severely deprived to use armed force to secure access to privately-owned resources and spaces to meet urgent needs. While lethal force will on both accounts be seldom all-things-considered morally permissible in practice, my analysis reveals that the old right of necessity is, for better or worse, a more capacious ground for armed resistance than modern human rights of subsistence, as it sidesteps the issues of indeterminate and underdetermined moral liability.
‘Drei Braets und was Anmerkungen’1
Authors: Vandevoorde Hans 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The communist poet Marc Braet (1925-1923) has been a major mediator between the East and the West during the postwar period, especially between the German Democratic Republic and Belgium. In the first place, I investigate how different forms of cultural transfer from the GDR to Belgium came about, and which role Braet played in them, particularly with regard to an anthology of GDR poets, De groene bomen (1971, [The Green Trees]). Secondly, I present a case that in agreement with the histoire croisée sheds light on the transfer in the opposite direction, an anthology with German translations of Braet’s poems. The translation by Hans Joachim Schädlich came out as Mein endlos beflaggtes Schiff, a publication by Volk und Welt that kept dragging on from 1975 until 1981. A reconstruction of the whole publication process based on research of the records gives an impression of the way in which the network of translators, proof readers and officials worked. Finally, I compare this publication with a Russian anthology of poems by Braet in order to highlight the transnational dimension of the cultural transfer and the important role the German language played in this process. On the one hand the different cases show how literature was ideologically instrumentalized, and on the other hand the case of Braet illustrates how a steered reception can have unexpected consequences, such as a very early and remarkably profetical selection of valuable GDR poetry in translation.
Secular Power, Sectarian Politics: The American-Born Irish Elite and Catholic Political Culture in Nineteenth-Century New York
Authors: McGrath Patrick 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper takes as its subject the complex ethnic, religious, and political entanglements of the American-born Irish elite of nineteenth-century New York City. Because historians have traditionally viewed the Irish famine as a watershed event in the history of organized Catholicism in New York, the contributions of American-born Irish elites to Irish Catholic political culture have largely gone unnoticed. Having come of age in the early nineteenth century, when institutional Catholicism had scant presence in the Empire City, these lawyers, politicians, and statesmen embraced a secular and metropolitan identity that allowed them to mix easily with the city’s Anglo-Dutch Protestant ruling class. However, mass immigration at midcentury, coupled with growing nativist persecution of the Catholic Church, forced these elites to navigate a middle ground between the secular world of New York politics and the rising sectarianism of the Irish immigrant community. Ultimately, these men would leverage their influence within the Democratic establishment—which at the time remained tied to the pro-slavery Southern elite—to advance the institutional interests of the Church, while reaping personal benefits from the growing power of the Irish vote. Though never fully assimilated into the immigrant community, they nonetheless adapted Irish Catholicism to the hardscrabble world of machine politics, forging an alliance between the Catholic Archdiocese of New York and Tammany Hall that would endure for half a century.
Three new species of the genus Mimetus Hentz, 1832 (Araneae: Mimetidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China
Authors: Gan Jiahui , Mi Xiaoqi , Irfan Muhammad , Peng Xianjin , Ran Siyu , Zhan Ying 
Published: May 2019

Three new species of the genus Mimetus Hentz, 1832 are described and named as M. bucerus sp. nov. (♂), M. lingbaoshanensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and M. yinae sp. nov. (♂♀). Detailed morphological descriptions, photos of the body and copulatory organs, line drawings of copulatory organs, as well as the distribution maps are provided.
Enseñanza artística mediante TIC en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria
Authors: Álvarez-Rodriguez María Dolores , Bellido-Márquez María del Carmen , Atencia-Barrero Pedro 
Published: May 2019

En el ámbito de la enseñanza se pueden emplear una gran cantidad de recursos educativos digitales en línea, que favorecen la innovación en la Educación Artística y el aprendizaje en la Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar algunos recursos digitales seleccionados que pueden ser empleados en la Educación artística con cierta garantía de calidad y ofrecer la valoración de los mismos, según criterios de calidad recomendados y la opinión de sus usuarios. La metodología utilizada ha consistido en una parte teórica, que ha permitido contrastar la información disponible sobre este tema y ha servido para seleccionar dichas herramientas (Artecompo, Artnatomya, Sumo Paint y Picassohead) y otra práctica y cuantitativa en la que se han analizado los recursos digitales seleccionados, según criterios de calidad recomendados y mediante encuestas realizadas por 90 estudiantes andaluces de la asignatura Educación Plástica, Visual y Audiovisual de la E.S.O [1], quienes han definido sus parámetros más positivos y negativos, además de valorar sus aspectos técnicos, funcionales docentes y estéticos, determinándose una mayor calidad en las aplicaciones Artnatomya y Artecompo, frente a Picassohead y Sumo Paint.
In the field of education, a large number of digital online educational resources can be used, which favor innovation in Art Education and learning in Compulsory Secondary Education. The objective of this research is to analyze some selected digital resources that can be used in artistic education with certain quality assurance and offer the assessment of them, according to recommended quality criteria and the opinion of its users. The methodology used has consisted in a theoretical part, which has allowed to contrast the available information on this subject and has served to select such tools (Artecompo, Artnatomya, Sumo Paint and Picassohead) and another practical and quantitative in which the resources have been analyzed selected digital, according to recommended quality criteria and through surveys conducted by 90 Andalusian students of the subject Plastic, Visual and Audiovisual Education of the ESO [1], who have defined their most positive and negative parameters, in addition to assessing their technical, functional aspects teachers and aestheticians, determining a higher quality in Artnatomya and Artecompo applications, compared to Picassohead and Sumo Paint.
Biochemical changes throughout early- and middle-stages of embryogenesis in lobsters (Homarus americanus) under different thermal regimes
Authors: Goldstein Jason S. , Watson III Winsor H. 
Published: May 2019

Most marine crustacean eggs contain the full complement of nutritional resources required to fuel their growth and development. Given the propensity of many ovigerous (egg-bearing) American lobsters (Homarus americanus) to undergo seasonal inshore-to-offshore migrations, thereby potentially exposing their eggs to varying thermal regimes, the goal of this study was to determine the impact of water temperature on egg quality over their course of development. This was accomplished by documenting changes in total lipids, proteins, and size (volume) of eggs subjected to one of three thermal regimes: inshore, offshore, and constant (16 °C) conditions. Total egg lipids showed a marked decrease over time, while protein levels increased over the same period. Although there were no significant differences in total lipids, proteins, or egg sizes between eggs exposed to inshore and offshore temperatures, they differed from values for eggs exposed to a constant temperature, which also hatched almost three months sooner. This is most likely due to the fact that eggs held at a constant temperature did not experience a period of slow development during the colder months from November to March that are important for synchronizing egg hatch and may be compromised by elevated seawater temperatures.
Photopolymerization, Cationic
Authors: Allonas X. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper reviews the main principles of cationic photopolymerization. Photoinitiators and monomers reactivity is discussed with special focus paid to iodonium salts as photoinitiators and epoxides, oxetanes, and vinylethers as monomers. The effect of water or alcohol on the structure of the polymer network and the reactivity is depicted. The so‐called kick‐starting effect of mixtures of epoxides, oxetane, and vinyl ether is described. Finally, the emerging process of photoinduced cationic frontal polymerization for the curing of thick samples is introduced.
Protective Dps–DNA co‐crystallization in stressed cells: an in vitro structural study by small‐angle X‐ray scattering and cryo‐electron tomography
Authors: Dadinova Liubov A. , Chesnokov Yurii M. , Kamyshinsky Roman A. , Orlov Ivan A. , Petoukhov Maxim V. , Mozhaev Andrey A. , Soshinskaya Ekaterina Yu. , Lazarev Vassili N. , Manuvera Valentin A. , Orekhov Anton S. , Vasiliev Alexander L. , Shtykova Eleonora V. 
Published: May 2019

Under severe or prolonged stress, bacteria produce a nonspecific DNA‐binding protein (Dps), which effectively protects DNA against damaging agents both in vitro and in vivo by forming intracellular biocrystals. The phenomenon of protective crystallization of DNA in living cells has been intensively investigated during the last two decades; however, the results of studies are somewhat contradictory, and up to now, there has been no direct determination of a Dps–DNA crystal structure. Here, we report the in vitro analysis of the vital process of Dps–DNA co‐crystallization using two complementary structural methods: synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering in solution and cryo‐electron tomography. Importantly, for the first time, the DNA in the co‐crystals was visualized, and the lattice parameters of the crystalline Dps–DNA complex were determined.
Development of Neurogenic Placodes in Vertebrates
Authors: Buzzi Ailin L , Hintze Mark S , Streit Andrea 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

The cranial sensory nervous system comprises a diverse set of organs: the eye, ear and nose and the sensory ganglia that transmit touch, pain, temperature and gustatory information to the brain. Despite the structural and functional diversity of the adult organs, during development, they arise from a common pool of sensory progenitor cells. These progenitors are specified early during embryonic development in the nonneural ectoderm next to the future brain. Subsequently, they diversify to form sensory placodes, special patches of thickened epithelium adjacent to the developing neural tube. Each placode acquires its unique identity under the influence of signals from surrounding tissues and later generates specialised cell types that characterise each organ.

Key Concepts

Evolution of elaborate sensory systems in the head allowed vertebrate evolution.

Sensory placodes are transient structures that form in the head ectoderm outside of the central nervous system and contribute to the sense organs and cranial sensory ganglia.

All sensory placodes arise from a pool of multipotent progenitors that have initially the potential to give rise to all placode derivatives, but their potential becomes restricted as the embryo develops. Placode progenitors develop in close association with central nervous system precursors and neural crest cells in a territory termed the ‘neural plate border’.

Placode progenitors are induced gradually in the ectoderm surrounding the anterior neural plate by signals from the underlying mesoderm. These signals differ along the rostro‐caudal axis with FGFs, BMP and Wnt antagonists inducing posterior progenitors, while anterior progenitors also require Shh and neuropeptides.

Localised sources of different signals induce olfactory, trigeminal, otic and epibranchial placodes from sensory progenitor cells.

Signals induce the expression of transcription factors in broad ectodermal domains, and mutual repression between them sharpen boundaries between neural, neural crest and placodal and between precursors for different placodes.
Marsupial Chromosome Evolution
Authors: Deakin Janine E 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMarsupial chromosomes were among the first mammalian chromosomes to be studied in the early twentieth century and have since been extensively characterised by multiple approaches. With relatively few and large chromosomes, marsupials have proven to be ideal subjects for studying how chromosomes have changed during marsupial evolution from a predicted ancestral marsupial karyotype consisting of just seven pairs of chromosomes. In this article, the current understanding of marsupial chromosome evolution is reviewed and the way two families of marsupials with different rates of chromosome evolution help to decipher the mechanisms involved in chromosome evolution is discussed. The family Dasyuridae is characterised by remarkable chromosome stability, whereas the family Macropodidae has experienced extensive chromosome shuffling. Comparisons of the differences in chromosome features between these two families may hold the key to understanding the role of chromosome rearrangements in speciation.Key ConceptsMarsupials have large, relatively conserved karyotypes, making it possible to track the evolution of their chromosomes.Chromosome numbers in marsupials range from 2n = 10 to 2n = 32.Different marsupial karyotypes have evolved from a predicted ancestral marsupial with seven pairs of chromosomes (2n = 14).All the members of the Dasyuridae family karyotyped to date have a 2n = 14 karyoytpe similar to that of the predicted ancestral marsupial.Dasyurids have a unique telomere length dimorphism not found in any other species.The family Macropodidae has a lot of karyotype diversity with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 10 to 2n = 24, evolving from a 2n = 22 ancestral macropod.The Y chromosome of marsupials has been termed ‘minimal mammalian Y’.X chromosomes in marsupials have experienced substantial rearrangement between species.
NMR
and Metabolomics
Authors: Chasapi Styliani A , Karagkouni Evdokia , Matzarapi Konstantina , Marousis Konstantinos D , Varvarigou Anastasia , Spyroulias Georgios A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Metabolomics is one of the most attractive whilst still developing field of omics sciences, studying metabolites and the alterations of their levels. As an approach, metabolomics has the potential to identify using high‐throughput analytical precision statistically significant alterations, covering a broad spectrum of metabolic processes. What metabolomics can offer are qualitative and quantitative information, incorporating the consideration of more variables in analytical procedures. Measuring of metabolites and metabolic profiling provide an instant ‘snapshot’ which permits the follow up of the dynamics of complex biological systems and their mechanisms under physiological or abnormal conditions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides an excellent technique for profiling the biological fluids and is especially adept at characterising complex solutions. Advances in biochemical data obtained from NMR spectra allow us to observe the metabolome in a very accurate manner and thus estimate the complex index of biochemical processes, determining the health status of an organism. To date, metabolomics profiling is a powerful approach for examining disease‐related metabolic changes and is highly effective in the identification of new biomarkers.

Key Concepts

NMR is a novel, noninvasive, fast, accurate and reproducible bioanalytical method for metabolites identification and quantification in biological samples.

Simple
1
H 1D NMR spectra are exploited for the definition of the physiological
healthy
status of organism's metabolism, based on a specific spectral pattern.

NMR experiments selection depends on the biological fluid of interest.

Metabolites identification and quantification and their role in a metabolomic experiment.

The advantages of metabolic profiling and its utility in a potential diagnostic model.

Monitoring of an individual's metabolic responses through the examination of its spectral fingerprint along specific time points.

Significant alterations in metabolites concentrations are meaningful to exact interactions of pathways, perturbations and metabolite–metabolite correlations.

Computational tools and global repositories in service of metabolomic data.

Multivariate analysis techniques and their implementation in the field of NMR metabolomics.

NMR metabolomics in clinical research, the intervention of the field and the impact in accessing unknown biological phenomena.