bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MALTHUSIAN MOMENTS IN THE WORK OF JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES
Authors: KELLY DUNCAN 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis article tracks the shifting contours of John Maynard Keynes's invocation of certain ideas associated with Thomas Robert Malthus, between 1914 and 1937 especially. These ‘Malthusian moments’ in Keynes's work form a triptych. In pre-war thinking about global population dynamics as a Malthusian ‘devil’ threatening national political and economic stability, Keynes found optimism in the thought that modern political economy could be repurposed to avoid the horns of such a dilemma. In the 1920s, he moved to consider the international, and particularly European, responses to both population and to the developing Malthusian ‘devil’ of unemployment. Finally, in the 1930s, Keynes's view became increasingly domestic, focusing on ways that these devilish twin problems could be managed by nation-states organized for prosperity and self-sufficiency. Across these moments, Keynes sought to assert the power of past political and economic ideas to aid in the formulation of present policy, by continuously (if rather loosely) invoking the Malthusian trope of ‘effective demand’.
GERMAN ECONOMIC STRATEGIES FOR BRAZIL: AUTARKY AND EXTENDED ECONOMIC SPACE IN THE 1930s
Authors: Bruzzi Curi Luiz Felipe , De Lima Danilo Barolo Martins , Pereira Vinícius Bivar Marra 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the relationship between the development of the concepts of autarky and «economy of the extended space» in the German-speaking world and the framing of economic relations between Germany and Brazil in the 1930s. According to this «autarkic» way of conceiving economics, in order to thrive, an economy has to be autonomous regarding its supply of necessary inputs. Proposals presented in the Annual Reports transmitted to the German Foreign Office by German diplomatic representatives in Brazil encouraged, for example, the negotiation of bilateral trade agreements and the expansion of the Brazilian production of strategic inputs for Germany. The choice of Karl Ritter, an expert in economic matters, as ambassador to Brazil is also representative of this strategy.
Evaluation of plan optimisers in prostate VMAT using the dose distribution index
Authors: Chow James C. L. , Jiang Runqing , Xu Lu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurpose:Dose distribution index (DDI) is a treatment planning evaluation parameter, reflecting dosimetric information of target coverage that can help to spare organs at risk (OARs) and remaining volume at risk (RVR). The index has been used to evaluate and compare prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans using two different plan optimisers, namely photon optimisation (PO) and its predecessor, progressive resolution optimisation (PRO).Materials and methods:Twenty prostate VMAT treatment plans were created using the PO and PRO in this retrospective study. The 6 MV photon beams and a dose prescription of 78 Gy/39 fractions were used in plans with the same dose–volume criteria for plan optimisation. Dose–volume histograms (DVHs) of the planning target volume (PTV), as well as of OARs such as the rectum, bladder, left and right femur were determined in each plan. DDIs were calculated and compared for plans created by the PO and PRO based on DVHs of the PTV and all OARs.Results:The mean DDI values were 0·784 and 0·810 for prostate VMAT plans created by the PO and PRO, respectively. It was found that the DDI of the PRO plan was about 3·3% larger than the PO plan, which means that the dose distribution of the target coverage and sparing of OARs in the PRO plan was slightly better. Changing the weighting factors in different OARs would vary the DDI value by ∼7%. However, for plan comparison based on the same set of dose–volume criteria, the effect of weighting factor can be neglected because they were the same in the PO and PRO.Conclusions:Based on the very similar DDI values calculated from the PO and PRO plans, with the DDI value in the PRO plan slightly larger than that of the PO, it may be concluded that the PRO can create a prostate VMAT plan with slightly better dose distribution regarding the target coverage and sparing of OARs. Moreover, we found that the DDI is a simple and comprehensive dose–volume parameter for plan evaluation considering the target, OARs and RVR.
Estimation of technical treatment accuracy in fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Bisht Raj Kishor , Natanasabapathi Gopishankar , Sharad Kale Shashank 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAim:The purpose of this study was to estimate technical treatment accuracy in fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (fSRS) using the Extend™ system (ES) of Gamma Knife (GK).Methods and materials:The fSRS with GK relies on a re-locatable ES where the reference treatment position is estimated using repositioning check tool (RCT). A patient surveillance unit (PSU) monitors the head and neck movement of the patient during treatment and imaging. The quality assurance test of RCT was performed to evaluate a standard error (SE) associated with a measurement tool called digital probe. A ‘4-mm collimator shot’ dose plan for a head–neck phantom was investigated using EBT3 films. CT and MR distortion measurement studies were combined to evaluate SEimaging. The combined uncertainty from all measurements was evaluated using statistical methods, and the resultant treatment accuracy was investigated for the ES.Results:Four sets of RCT measurements and 20 observations of associated digital probe showed SERCT of ±0·0186 mm and SEdigital probe of ±0·0002 mm. The mean positional shift of 0·2752 mm (σ = 0·0696 mm) was observed for 20 treatment settings of the phantom. The differences between radiological and predefined isocentres were 0·4650 and 0·4270 mm for two independent experiments. SEimaging and SEdiode tool were evaluated as ±0·1055 and ±0·0096 mm, respectively. An expanded uncertainty of ±0·2371 mm (at 95% confidence level) was observed with our system.Conclusions:The combined result of the positional shift and expanded uncertainty showed close agreement with film investigations.
A Bayesian Approach to Infer Volcanic System Parameters, Timing, and Size of Strombolian Events From a Single Tilt Station
Authors: Manta Fabio , Taisne Benoit 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPersistently active volcanoes are characterized by frequent eruptions, in which volatiles dissolved in magma play an important role in controlling the explosivity. Inverting techniques on geodetic data sets have been used to retrieve information about key controlling parameters of these eruptions. However, up to date, several data sets are combined to obtain reliable estimates of the physical parameters using a physical model, hindering the possibility to provide forecasting tools for time and magnitude of eruptions at volcanoes with limited monitoring network. In this work, we propose an approach to extract valuable information out of limited data sets through inverting techniques dealing with limited number of sensors, but high frequency of events. Our method exploits time series of tilt signals recorded by a single station to estimate, by mean of the Bayesian statistics and a physics‐based model, the range of the controlling parameters. The method was developed and tested on a synthetic volcanic system before being applied on data from Semeru volcano (Indonesia). Finally, we tested the possibility to forecast explosion magnitude and timing using data recorded by a single tilt station. Results show that data from a limited network or even a single tilt station is sufficient to estimate the controlling parameters. The information obtained is shown to be useful for estimating the time and magnitude of future events, which can enhance the monitoring systems of those volcanoes characterized by frequent, potentially dangerous events.
When Did the Paleotethys Ailaoshan Ocean Close: New Insights From Detrital Zircon U‐Pb age and Hf Isotopes
Authors: Xu Jian , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Lai Chunkit , Long Xiaoping , Huang Chao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present new laser ablation (LA)‐multicollector‐inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detrital zircon U‐Pb age and Hf isotope data of the Triassic sedimentary rocks from the eastern and western sides of the Ailaoshan suture in SW China, which separate the Indochina and South China blocks. Detrital zircon grains of the Lower‐Middle Triassic sequences from western South China show single age population of 280–237 Ma (peak at 254–251 Ma) with mainly positive εHf(t) values (+0.15 to +9.11, ~60%). The Middle Triassic samples from eastern Indochina also contain single age population of 273–236 Ma (peak at 246–242 Ma), but with mainly negative εHf(t) values (−18.95 to −1.83, ~88%). The unimodal detrital zircon age pattern and Hf isotope features suggest that the Permian‐Triassic magmatic arcs had supplied detritus for the Lower‐Middle Triassic sequences on both sides of the Ailaoshan suture. In contrast, the Upper Triassic sequences on the either side of the suture display similar polymodal age populations at 290–230, 500–400, 850–700, 1000–900, 2000–1800, and 2600–2400 Ma. This indicates a dramatic change in detrital provenance across the Middle‐Late Triassic boundary. We interpret this change to be resulted from the closure of the Paleotethyan Ailaoshan Ocean in the early Late Triassic. The ocean closure and consequent Indochina‐South China continent‐continent collision may have connected the drainage systems of the two blocks, leading to the marked similarities in their post‐Middle Triassic sedimentary provenance.
Outcomes of Using IVC Filters in Patients with Malignancy at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Raghavendran Prashant , Lim Ming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSystemic anticoagulation is regarded as optimal treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In malignancy, bleeding risk is increased while the patients remain hypercoagulable, making anticoagulation management troublesome. Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters have emerged as an option in the management of VTE, especially when anticoagulant agents are contraindicated. There is limited data on the overall outcomes of patients with malignancy and IVC filter placement. This descriptive study identifies individuals with filters placed and reviews outcomes to guide appropriate care of patients with malignancy and VTE. We performed a retrospective chart review of 115 patients with malignancy who had a filter placed between July 2014 and December 2016. Eighty-seven patients were tracked until December 2017 for significant events (VTE and/or death). In total, 61% (n = 70) had metastatic solid tumor malignancy and 77% (n = 88) were receiving anticoagulation therapy prior to IVC filter placement. Fifty-three percent (n = 61) had bleeding events and 25% (n = 29) had thrombocytopenia. Patients with isolated solid tumors receiving frequent surgery were also common recipients of filters. Sixty-six percent (57/87) of patients had a significant event; 85% of them were anticoagulated. Eighty-two percent of events occurred within 6 months of filter placement, with death occurring on average within 5 months of placement. Overall, use of IVC filters was more common in cancer patients who developed bleeding complications on anticoagulation and with metastatic malignancy. However, in patients with metastatic or hematologic disease, filter placement did not prevent all-cause mortality. Individualized risk–benefit consideration is needed before IVC filters are placed.
Solution paths of variational regularization methods for inverse problems
Authors: Bungert Leon , Burger Martin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We consider a family of variational regularization functionals for a generic inverse problem, where the data fidelity and regularization term are given by powers of a Hilbert norm and an absolutely one-homogeneous functional, respectively, and the regularization parameter is interpreted as artificial time. We investigate the small and large time behavior of the associated solution paths and, in particular, prove the finite extinction time for a large class of functionals. Depending on the powers, we also show that the solution paths are of bounded variation or even Lipschitz continuous. In addition, it will turn out that the models are almost mutually equivalent in terms of the minimizers they admit. Finally, we apply our results to define and compare two different nonlinear spectral representations of data and show that only one of them is able to decompose a linear combination of nonlinear eigenvectors into the individual eigenvectors. Finally, we also briefly address piecewise affine solution paths.
Solution of the one-speed neutron transport equation in anisotropic scattering medium with a Pomraning-Eddington approximation approach
Authors: Didier Yia Etolo Hervé , Marie Ema’a Ema’a Jean , Hubert Ben-Bolie Germain , Patrice Ele Abiama 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this work, a combined modified K-integral approach and Pomraning-Eddington approximation to solve the neutron transport equation for general anisotropic scattering law is presented. This combined approach leads to the establishment of general expressions of the even e(x, μ) and odd o(x, μ) functions of the angular variable μ. Both functions are slowly varying in x. Furthermore, these expressions can be reduced to those reported in literature. In addition, the parameters such as

D

p

=

∫

−
1

1

μ

2
p

e
(
x
,
μ
)
d
μ

and

d

p

=

∫

−
1

1

μ

2
p
+
1

o
(
x
,
μ
)
d
μ

with p = 1, 2, … are obtained without any integral calculus and the variables we used α
1, α
2, r
1 and r
2 verify the relation

α

1

r

2

r

1

−

α

2

r

1

r

2

=
0

. As application, diffusion lengths are calculated for linear scattering and the neutron heat fluxes are evaluated graphically for four-parameter scattering phase function.
Elemental quantification and radioactive characterization of soil from Douala Bassa area: littoral region of Cameroon using X- and γ-rays spectrometry
Authors: Shouop Guembou Joel Cebastien , Moyo Ndontchueng Maurice , Mekongtso Nguelem Jilbert Eric , Chene Gregoire , Kayo Steve , Motapon Ousmanou , Strivay David 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The objectives of the present work were to characterize the investigated soil using EDXRF and to evaluate the radioactivity concentration of the primordial radionuclides using gamma-ray spectrometry-based High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector, Broad energy type (BEGe). Soil characterization using EDXRF in the present study gives an overview of the geological origin or provenience of the investigated area. As a result, the analyzed soil samples can be classified chemically as Fe-soil and are illustrative dregs from the Continental margin because of high concentration of Fe (its concentration ranged from 14.78% to 22.26%) in all the investigated samples. The plotting of Al2O3/SiO2 (%) as a function of Fe2O3 and MgO (%) for the eighteen sample points investigated from Douala and the diagram for the tectonic discrimination of sediment provenance evidenced that all soil samples are residue from Passive margins. The observed activity concentration profile of the primordial radionuclides and the calculated radium equivalent activity show that no significant radiological risk can be observed for inhabitants within the study areas. As regards to that, the obtained results of the two analytical techniques could be viewed as baseline data for subsequent investigations on elemental characterization and radioactivity assessment in the study area.
Dietary carotenoids affect the development of individual differences and behavioral plasticity
Authors: Kelleher Shannon R , Silla Aimee J , Niemelä Petri T , Dingemanse Niels J , Byrne Phillip G 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNutritional conditions experienced during development are expected to play a key role in shaping an individual’s behavioral phenotype. The long term, irreversible effects of nutritional conditions on behavioral variation among and within individuals remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate how long-term carotenoid availability (representing low vs. high quality nutritional conditions) during both larval and adult life stages influences the expression of among-individual variation (animal personality) and within-individual variation (behavioral plasticity). We tested for personality and plasticity along the exploration/avoidance behavioral axis in the Southern Corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree). We predicted that treatment groups receiving carotenoids during early development would be more exploratory and have greater among- and within-individual variation compared with individuals that did not receive carotenoids (i.e., silver spoon hypothesis). Superior nutritional conditions experienced during development are expected to provide individuals with resources needed to develop costly behaviors, giving them an advantage later in life irrespective of prevailing conditions. Unexpectedly, frogs that did not receive carotenoids as larvae expressed greater among-individual variance in exploration behavior. Additionally, frogs that did not receive carotenoids at either life stage displayed greater within-individual variance. Our findings provide no support for the silver spoon hypothesis but suggest that inconsistent nutritional conditions between life stages may adversely affect the development of behavioral phenotypes. Overall, our results indicate that early and late life nutritional conditions affect the development of personality and plasticity. They also highlight that nutritional effects on behavior may be more complex than previously theorized.
Individual differences exceed species differences in the movements of a river fish community
Authors: Harrison Philip M , Keeler Rachel A , Robichaud David , Mossop Brent , Power Michael , Cooke Steven J 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRepeatable individual differences often account for large proportions of intraspecific variation in animal movements. However, meta-population models have continued to rely on single species-level and season-specific species-level means for movement prediction. Here, we test the hypothesis that repeatable individual differences can account for a similar proportion of movement distance variation as species differences. We used radio telemetry to generate repeated measures of movement from 504 hetero-specific fish. We tracked 5 large bodied fish species (Salvelinus confluentus, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Prosopium williamsoni, Thymallus arcticus, and Sander vitreus) in the upper reaches of the Peace River, British Columbia, Canada, over 8 years. We applied a hierarchical framework to partition repeatability of movement distances at the intra- and interspecific biological levels, and among short-term (within-season) and long-term (across seasons and years) temporal levels. Our results show that long-term movement distance repeatability was higher at the intraspecific level than at the interspecific level, demonstrating that animal personality can account for more variation in movement than species differences. These findings provide a novel, community level demonstration of the importance of individual variation, highlighting the predictive gains associated with a shift in the focus of spatial ecology, away from species mean and seasonal species-level mean predictive approaches, towards a spatial behavioral types-based predictive approach.
A Novel Data Mining on Breast Cancer Survivability Using MLP Ensemble Learners
Authors: Salehi Mohsen , Razmara Jafar , Lotfi Shahriar 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Breast cancer survivability has always been an important and challenging issue for researchers. Different methods have been utilized mostly based on machine learning techniques for prediction of survivability among cancer patients. The most comprehensive available database of cancer incidence is SEER in the United States, which has been frequently used for different research purposes. In this paper, a new data mining has been performed on the SEER database in order to investigate the ability of machine learning techniques for survivability prediction of breast cancer patients. To this end, the data related to breast cancer incidence have been preprocessed to remove unusable records from the dataset. In sequel, two machine learning techniques were developed based on the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) learner machine including MLP stacked generalization and mixture of MLP-experts to make predictions over the database. The machines have been evaluated using K-fold cross-validation technique. The evaluation of the predictors revealed an accuracy of 84.32% and 83.86% by the mixture of MLP-experts and MLP stacked generalization methods, respectively. This indicates that the predictors can be significantly used for survivability prediction suggesting time- and cost-effective treatment for breast cancer patients.
Percutaneous retrieval of an embolized gunshot bullet from right ventricle: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Naeim Hesham Abdo , Abuelatta Reda , Sandogji Hasan , ElRowiny Ramy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundGunshots embolizing to the heart is a rare occurrence. We report a case of percutaneous retrieval of a gunshot bullet from the right ventricle (RV) cavity of a 40-year-old lady. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported with a right supraclavicular inlet of the bullet and successful percutaneous retrieval using a snare from the RV cavity.Case summaryA 40-year-old female patient was referred to our cardiac centre from a general hospital with a gunshot injury 8 days prior. On arrival, she was haemodynamically stable, there was an inlet wound at the right supraclavicular area. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed the bullet in the RV cavity. Under conscious sedation, right femoral vein access succeeded to retrieve the shot from the RV to the groin. The bullet slipped out and resnared from the right internal iliac vein and came out safely from the right femoral vein through the 24-Fr sheath. The vein was closed using a figure of 8 suture. The patient discharged home after 2 days.DiscussionBullet emboli to the heart are rare, endovascular retrieval of a bullet from the right ventricular cavity is feasible and relatively safe; however, more research is required. Echocardiography during the procedure is strongly recommended to early detect any complications. Accurate use of available tools such as X-ray, echocardiography, computed tomography, and fluoroscopy is a must for precise diagnosis.