bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic placements of Calathodes and Megaleranthis (Ranunculaceae): Evidence from molecular and morphological data
Authors: Wang Wei , Hu Hao , Xiang Xiao-Guo , Yu Sheng-Xiang , Chen Zhi-Duan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCalathodes and Megaleranthis are two eastern Asian endemic genera of Ranunculaceae with controversial tribal position and/or taxonomic status. In this study, we used matK sequences to determine the tribal position of Calathodes and Megaleranthis within the family, and three molecular loci (matK, trnL‐F, ITS) and morphological data to further clarify their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status. All analyses show that Calathodes and Megaleranthis belong in the tribe Adonideae, and that Calathodes is monophyletic and closely related to Trollius. The latter two genera share rhizomes not well developed and pollen grains with striate exine ornamentation, but markedly differ in petals, follicles, receptacles, pollen grains, and chromosomes. Trollius contains two major clades with different geographical distributions. Megaleranthis is embedded in clade I and sister to Trollius macropetalus, with which it shares fruits with long beaks and a 7 bp deletion in the trnL‐F dataset. Adonideae are redelimited as consisting of three genera, Adonis, Calathodes and Trollius. Morphological synapomorphies for the tribe are lacking.
Species delimitation in the Sporobolus aeneus complex (Zoysieae, Chloridoideae, Poaceae) using the phylogenetic species concept
Authors: Denham Silvia S. , Aliscioni Sandra S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe "Sporobolus aeneus complex" constitutes a morphologically well‐defined group of species with lax, exerted, pyramidal panicles with verticillate branches, and comprises 14 species and six infraspecific taxa in southern South America (eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, Uruguay, southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina). Species delimitation in the complex remains unresolved. To clarify the taxonomy of the group, multivariate analyses of qualitative and quantitative characters from herbaria specimens were performed. We applied the phylogenetic species concept and we used a modified "population aggregation analysis." Five species (S. aeneus, S. cubensis, S. linearifolius, S. multinodis, S. recurvatus) are recognized by unique combinations of qualitative character states, and three varieties based on significant mean value differences of quantitative characters. We conclude that leaf blade pilosity, widely used as a diagnostic character in the complex, is affected by external conditions like fire or blade age and is taxonomically unreliable. Two new cominations,Sporobolus aeneus var. angustifolia (Döll) S. Denham & Aliscioni and S. aeneus var.eximius (Nees ex Trin.) S. Denham & Aliscioni are made. Vilfa acuminata Trin. and Vilfa eximia Nees ex Trin. are lectotypified.
Generic delimitation in the Antillean Adelieae (Euphorbiaceae) with description of the Hispaniolan endemic genus Garciadelia
Authors: Jestrow Brett , Rodríguez Francisco Jiménez , Francisco-Ortega Javier 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Caribbean Island Biodiversity Hotspot is the largest insular system of the New World and a priority for biodiversity conservation worldwide. The tribe Adelieae (Euphorbiaceae) has over 35 species endemic to this hotspot, representing a prime example of speciation in the West Indies and involving taxa from Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and the Bahamas. These species form a monophyletic group and have traditionally been accommodated in two endemic genera, Lasiocroton and Leucocroton. A study based on scanning electron microscopy of pollen, macromorphology, and molecular analysis was conducted to reveal generic relationships within this group. Phylogenies were based on nucleotide sequences of the nrITS region and the non‐coding cpDNA spacers psbM‐trnD and ycf6‐pcbM. Three major monophyletic assemblages were revealed; one of them is restricted to Hispaniola and is accommodated in a new genus, Garciadelia, with four species. The new genus is sister to a clade comprising two monophyletic groups, one including all species of Leucocroton and restricted to serpentine soils of Cuba, and a second including the species of Lasiocroton, occurring in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and the Bahamas. Morphological, biogeographical, and ecological data provided additional support for each of these three monophyletic assemblages. Two new combinations (Lasiocroton microphyllus from Cuba, Garciadelia leprosa from Hispaniola) are made and four new species are described (Lasiocroton gutierrezii from Cuba, and Garciadelia abbottii, G. castilloae, and G. mejiae from Hispaniola).
A new herbaceous genus endemic to Madagascar: Phialiphora (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae)
Authors: Groeninckx Inge , Briggs Marie , Davis Aaron , De Block Petra , Robbrecht Elmar , Smets Erik , Dessein Steven 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhialiphora Groeninckx is described as a new herbaceous genus of Rubiaceae, endemic to NW Madagascar. The genus belongs to the predominantly herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae, and comprises two species: P. bevazahensis Groeninckx and P. capitulata Groeninckx. Phialiphora is unique within Spermacoceae in having heart‐shaped placentas distally attached to the septum with a stalk. The generic name refers to the involucrate head‐like inflorescences. Molecular data, based on atpB‐rbcL, petD, rps16, and trnL‐trnF sequences, demonstrate that Phialiphora belongs to the Hedyotis‐Oldenlandia complex of the tribe Spermacoceae. The genus shares a common ancestor with the Madagascan endemics Astiella Jovet, Thamnoldenlandia Groeninckx and Amphistemon Groeninckx. Our study supports the hypothesis that the current diversity of Spermacoceae on Madagascar is the result of several independent colonisation events since the Eocene, most likely by long‐distance dispersal from the African continent. A key to the genera of Spermacoceae on Madagascar is provided.
Semi‐automated workflows for acquiring specimen data from label images in herbarium collections
Authors: Granzow-de la Cerda Íñigo , Beach James H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractComputational workflow environments are an active area of computer science and informatics research; they promise to be effective for automating biological information processing for increasing research efficiency and impact. In this project, semi‐automated data processing workflows were developed to test the efficiency of computerizing information contained in herbarium plant specimen labels. Our test sample consisted of mexican and Central American plant specimens held in the University of michigan Herbarium (MICH). The initial data acquisition process consisted of two parts: (1) the capture of digital images of specimen labels and of full‐specimen herbarium sheets, and (2) creation of a minimal field database, or "pre‐catalog", of records that contain only information necessary to uniquely identify specimens. For entering "pre‐catalog" data, two methods were tested: key‐stroking the information (a) from the specimen labels directly, or (b) from digital images of specimen labels. In a second step, locality and latitude/longitude data fields were filled in if the values were present on the labels or images. If values were not available, geo‐coordinates were assigned based on further analysis of the descriptive locality information on the label. Time and effort for the various steps were measured and recorded. Our analysis demonstrates a clear efficiency benefit of articulating a biological specimen data acquisition workflow into discrete steps, which in turn could be individually optimized. First, we separated the step of capturing data from the specimen from most keystroke data entry tasks. We did this by capturing a digital image of the specimen for the first step, and also by limiting initial key‐stroking of data to create only a minimal "pre‐catalog" database for the latter tasks. By doing this, specimen handling logistics were streamlined to minimize staff time and cost. Second, by then obtaining most of the specimen data from the label images, the more intellectually challenging task of label data interpretation could be moved electronically out of the herbarium to the location of more highly trained specialists for greater efficiency and accuracy. This project used experts in the plants' country of origin, mexico, to verify localities, geography, and to derive geo‐coordinates. Third, with careful choice of data fields for the "pre‐catalog" database, specimen image files linked to the minimal tracking records could be sorted by collector and date of collection to minimize key‐stroking of redundant data in a continuous series of labels, resulting in improved data entry efficiency and data quality.
Report of the Special Committee on Electronic Publication
Authors: Chapman Arthur D. , Turland Nicholas J. , Watson Mark F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Special Committee on Electronic Publication was re‐established at the XVII International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Vienna in 2005, with the mandate to consider on the issues relating to the electronic publication of nomenclatural novelties and to report to the XVIII IBC in Melbourne in 2011. With the global push to inventory biodiversity and to develop information systems to disseminate data, issues surrounding speed of publication, copyright and licensing, and permanence and accessibility of information have surfaced. Electronic publication is central to these issues, and the insistence of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Code) on distribution of printed matter for effective publication is seen by many as a hindrance to progress. Against this backdrop, the Committee conducted extensive negotiations and discussions on a wide range of issues on electronic publication, which are here summarized in the Committee's report. The Committee unanimously supports the extension of effective publication to electronic publication, but in a well‐regulated way that will establish the basis for long‐term archiving and discovery. The Committee has put forward a set of eleven proposals (Special Committee on Electronic Publication, 2010) to amend the Code to permit electronic publications to be considered effectively published under specified conditions on or after 1 January 2013. It is proposed that electronic material will be effectively published only when distributed in Portable Document Format (PDF) in an online serial publication with an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN). An additional proposal extends this to PDF with an International Standard Book Number (ISBN). Further proposals strengthen this by forbidding post‐publication alteration and by discounting preliminary versions as not effectively published. The current method for establishing the date of effective publication is amended to account for electronic material. These changes to the Articles of the Code are supported by a set of Recommendations for best practice for electronic publication of nomenclatural novelties, covering aspects of archiving and immutability, dissemination of data, and clear designation of versions as preliminary or final. This report provides the supporting documentation for the set of proposals that are also published in this issue. It is necessary that the two be read alongside each other.
Viola montana and V. persicifolia (Violaceae): Two names to be rejected
Authors: Danihelka Jiří , van den Hof Kevin , Marcussen Thomas , Jonsell Bengt 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe taxonomic and nomenclatural histories of Viola elatior Fr. (1828), V. pumila Chaix (1785) and V. stagnina Kit. ex Schult. (1814) in central and western Europe are discussed. The names V. stagnina and V. elatior are lectotypified with specimens corresponding to the current use of these names. The neglected lectotypification in 1988 of V. montana L. (1753) with a specimen referable to V. elatior is briefly reviewed. The name V. persicifolia Schreb. (1771), used in some floras instead of V. stagnina, is analysed in detail, and we conclude that this name should be interpreted as referring also to V. elatior. In addition the types of V. hornemanniana Schult. (1819) and V. stipulacea Hartm. (1820) are conspecific with V. elatior. The use of V. persicifolia and V. montana, representing earlier legitimate names for the species widely known as V. elatior, has been notoriously confused for two centuries, and we herein recommend these two names for rejection in order to assure nomenclatural clarity and stability. For similar reasons, we recommend conservation of V. elatior against V. hornemanniana and V. stipulacea.
Revisiting the wax plants (Hoya, Marsdenieae, Apocynaceae): Phylogenetic tree using the matK gene and psbA-trnH intergenic spacer
Authors: Wanntorp Livia , Gotthardt Katherina , Muellner Alexandra N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe genus Hoya includes over 200 species with a geographic distribution covering all eight currently recognised biodiversity hotspots in the Indomalesian‐Australasian region. Despite the great horticultural interest in Hoya, which includes some of the most commonly cultivated ornamental plants, very little is known about their evolution and a phylogenetic classification for the genus is lacking. Here we explore the phylogeny of 81 species of Hoya and close relatives by adding DNA sequences of the chloroplast matK gene and the psbA‐trnH intergenic spacer to an existing molecular dataset consisting of nuclear ITS sequences and chloroplast sequences of the trnL region and the atpB‐rbcL spacer. The topology obtained confirms previously identified clades in Hoya and resolves the phylogenetic relationships among a greater number of species. The phylogenetic position of Eriostemma, a section that is well defined by morphological characters, remains unresolved. However, Clemensiella mariae is here shown for the first time to be part of Hoya and sister to sect. Eriostemma, pointing to the urgent need of intrageneric revisions in the tribe Marsdenieae. At least two additional sections, Hoya and Otostemma, do not reflect phylogenetic relationships and should not be retained in taxonomic revisions of the genus.
Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of three closely related genera, Soroseris, Stebbinsia, and Syncalathium (Asteraceae, Cichorieae), endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, SW China
Authors: Zhang Jian-Wen , Nie Ze-Long , Wen Jun , Sun Hang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSoroseris, Stebbinsia, and Syncalathium are three genera of the sunflower family (Asteraceae) with restricted distributions on high screes of the Tibetan Plateau. We present a molecular analysis to test the monophyly of the genera, evaluate the phylogenetic relationships and construct their biogeographic diversification history. Nuclear ITS and plastid trnL‐F and psbA‐trnH fragments were analyzed with parsimony, Bayesian inference, and relaxed Bayesian dating for all species of Soroseris, Stebbinsia, and Syncalathium. Stebbinsia is part of a polytomy with several lineages of Soroseris. Syncalathium is biphyletic with Syn. souliei placed within subtribe Lactucinae and the remaining species close to the Soroseris‐Stebbinsia clade within subtribe Crepidinae. Bayesian dating based on ITS sequences and using four fossil calibrations suggests that the stem and crown ages of the Soroseris‐Stebbinsia clade and the two groups of Syncalathium are between 8.44 and 1.56 million years. Stebbinsia should be treated as a section of Soroseris and Syncalathium souliei should be excluded from Syncalathium and either placed in Lactuca s.l. or established as a new genus in Lactucinae. The remaining species are to be treated as Syncalathium s.str. in Crepidinae. The diversification of these groups in the Tibetan Plateau is of relatively young age, and can be explained by rapid diversification and radiation of the Soroseris‐Stebbinsia clade, allopatric speciation within Syncalathium s.str. and convergent evolution of Syncalathium s.str. and Syn. souliei. The speciation events correlated with climatic change and fragmentation of scree habitats during the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Possible migration routes in Syncalathium s.str. from the northeast to the central and southern part of the Tibetan Plateau are suggested.
Subgeneric classification in Iris re‐examined using chloroplast sequence data
Authors: Wilson Carol A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships among the six Iris subgenera were reconstructed based on chloroplast sequence data using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Previous studies indicated that the current subgeneric classification based on an intuitive interpretation of morphology was not concordant with evolution in Iris. This study more than doubled the number of taxa sampled and increased the number of molecular markers providing a more robust assessment of phylogeny. Iris subg. Nepalensis and subg. Xiphium were resolved as monophyletic, while subg. Hermodactyloides, subg. Limniris, subg. Iris and subg. Scorpiris were not. The three monotypic genera, Belamcanda, Pardanthopsis and Hermodactylus, recognized by some workers were resolved within Iris with strong support. The three bulbous subgenera, sometimes recognized as distinct genera, were resolved within Iris. A preliminary subgeneric classification is presented.
Phylogenetic inference in Leucodon Schwägr. subg. Leucodon (Leucodontaceae, Bryophyta) in the North Atlantic region
Authors: Stech Michael , Werner Olaf , González-Mancebo Juana María , Patiño Jairo , Sim-Sim Manuela , Fontinha Susana , Hildebrandt Ina , Ros Rosa M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSystematic and biogeographic relationships of mainly European and North American taxa of the moss genus Leucodon subg. Leucodon are inferred by phylogenetic reconstructions and haplotype analyses, based on sequence data from three plastid regions and nrITS. The two Macaronesian endemic species L. canariensis and L. treleasei are clearly separated from each other and from L. sciuroides, which is widespread in Eurasia including Macaronesia. A well‐supported sister‐group relationship with the American species L. curvirostris and L. julaceus indicates a New World ancestor of L. treleasei, which is probably a neoendemic species that colonized the Macaronesian islands after (recent) dispersal. The position of L. canariensis sister to the clade of L. treleasei and the American species is less well‐supported, leaving its evolutionary history ambiguous. The Eastern North American L. andrewsianus is neither molecularly nor morphologically unambiguously distinguishable from L. sciuroides. Synonymisation of L. andrewsianus with L. sciuroides solves the long‐debated question whether the latter species occurs in North America, and results in a Holarctic instead of Palaearctic distribution pattern of L. sciuroides. The Afromontane L. dracaenae cannot be clearly separated from L. sciuroides as well, whereas the Eastern Mediterranean to Central Asian L. immersus differs from L. sciuroides by few substitutions and indels as well as morphologically by the short seta and immersed capsule. Further analyses are necessary before taxonomic conclusions should be inferred for L. dracaenae and L. immersus. Intraspecific diversity in L. sciuroides does not support recognition of the mainly Mediterranean var. morensis. Instead, a basic separation of Mediterranean (plus Macaronesian) versus non‐Mediterranean haplotypes is indicated. The higher haplotype diversity in the Mediterranean (and Macaronesia) in contrast to the other parts of Europe is in accordance with genetic depletion in formerly glaciated areas.
The nomenclatural status of the genus Tubifera (Myxomycetes)
Authors: Lado Carlos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTubifera J.F. Gmel. 1792 is a genus of Myxomycetes that has been used in floras and monographs since the 18th century. The name became controversial when it appeared that “Tubulifera Jacq.” 1779 was a priorable name for the genus. This paper presents a history of the controversy, interprets Jacquin’s original text, and offers reasons why “Tubulifera” cannot be regarded as a validly published generic name. The name Tubifera J.F. Gmel. is thus shown to remain the correct name for the genus.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 62
Authors: Brummitt R.K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe following nine generic names are recommended for conservation: Crataegus against Mespilus; Dasymaschalon against Pelticalyx; Eubotrys Nutt. against Eubotrys Raf.; Goniothalamus against Richella; Heteromeles to make legitimate; Mallotus against Trevia; Photinia with conserved type; Planchonella additionally against Iteiluma and Peuciluma; and Teesdalia to make legitimate. The following 13 specific names are also recommended for conservation: Acacia goetzei against A. andongensis; Achillea pannonica against A. seidlii; Alstroemeria presliana with conserved type; Dodecatheon jeffreyi against D. jeffreyanum; Echium laevigatum with conserved type; Eucalyptus camaldulensis with conserved type; Malus toringoides against Pyrus bhutanica; Potentilla bipinnatifida against P. normalis and P. missourica; and P. stolonifera against P. sprengeliana; Prunus serotina with conserved type.; Rosa virginiana Mill. against R. virginiana Herrm.; Sedum rupestre with conserved type; and Sisyrinchium bermudiana with conserved type. The following two names are not recommended for conservation: Acacia willardiana against Prosopis heterophylla; and Astrocaryum aculeatum with conserved type. The following 17 specific names are recommended for rejection under Art. 56: Alstroemeria albiflora; Amaryllis africana; Cephalanthera oregana; Colchicum tenorei and C. todaroi; Dodecatheon meadia var. puberulum; Epidendrum caninum; and E. trilabiatum Vell.; Festuca pannonica; Ficus taab; Fritillaria alba; and F. racemosa; Koeleria nitida; Orchis montana; Ornithogalum flavum; Potentilla dissecta and P. retusa. The following two names are not recommended for rejection under Art. 56: Acer pictum; and Aster bracteolatus. The following work is recommended to be added to App. VI (Opera utique oppressa): J. de A. Pinto da Silva, Diccionario de Botanica Brasilieira, 1873. As a result of reference under Art. 53.5, it is recommended that the following three pairs of names be treated as homonyms: Gymnoleima Decne. and Gymnolaema Benth. & Hook. f.; Calea L. and Calia Terán & Berlandier; and Fimbristylis breviculmis Boeck. and F. breviculma Govind. As a result of reference under Art. 32.4, it is recommended that Dipteryx oleifera Benth. be treated as validly published and that Cusparia Humboldt be treated as not validly published.
Phylogenetic analysis of the grape family (Vitaceae) based on the noncoding plastid trnC-petN, trnH-psbA, and trnL-F sequences
Authors: Ren Hui , Lu Li-Min , Soejima Akiko , Luke Quentin , Zhang Dian-Xiang , Chen Zhi-Duan , Wen Jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe phylogeny of Vitaceae was reconstructed sampling 114 accessions of Vitaceae and the outgroup Leea of Leeaceae, using three noncoding plastid markers: trnC‐petN, trnH‐psbA, and trnL‐F. Six 5‐merous genera including Parthenocissus, Yua, Ampelocissus, Vitis, Nothocissus, and Pterisanthes form a well‐supported clade. Ampelopsis, Rhoicissus, and the Cissus striata complex form a clade sister to the clade containing all the other taxa of Vitaceae. The core Cissus clade is resolved to be sister to the Cayratia‐Tetrastigma‐Cyphostemma clade, forming a clade of taxa with 4‐merous flowers. The Parthenocissus‐Yua clade is sister to the Ampelocissus‐Vitis‐Nothocissus‐Pterisanthes clade. The Old World Cissus is paraphyletic, with the New World core Cissus nested within it. The intercontinental disjunction between Africa and Asia may have evolved at least twice in Cissus. Cayratia is paraphyletic with four Asian species sampled grouping with Tetrastigma and the African species forming another clade.