bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) and interferon-gamma
Authors: Shin Jung-Min , Choi Dae-Kyoung , Sohn Kyung-Cheol , Koh Jung-Woo , Lee Young Ho , Seo Young-Joon , Kim Chang Deok , Lee Jeung-Hoon , Lee Young 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, relapsing hair-loss disorder that is considered to be a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Several animal models for AA have been created to investigate the pathophysiology and screen for effective therapeutic targets. As C3H/HeJ mice develop AA spontaneously in a low frequency, a novel animal model is needed to establish an AA-like condition faster and more conveniently. In this study, we present a novel non-invasive AA rodent model that avoids skin or lymph-node cell transfer. We simply injected C3H/HeJ mice subcutaneously with interferon-gamma (IFNγ) along with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]), a synthetic dsRNA, to initiate innate immunity via inflammasome activation. Approximately 80% of the IFNγ and poly(I:C) co-injected mice showed patchy AA lesions after 8 weeks. None of the mice displayed hair loss in the IFNγ or poly(I:C) solely injection group. Immunohistochemical staining of the AA lesions revealed increased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ cells infiltration around the hair follicles. IFNγ and poly(I:C) increased the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in mouse skin. Taken together, these findings indicate a shorter and more convenient means of AA animal model induction and demonstrate that inflammasome-activated innate immunity is important in AA pathogenesis.
HDAC4 degradation by combined TRAIL and valproic acid treatment induces apoptotic cell death of TRAIL-resistant head and neck cancer cells
Authors: Lee Bok-Soon , Kim Yeon Soo , Kim Haeng-Jun , Kim Dae-Ho , Won Ho-Ryun , Kim Yong-Sung , Kim Chul-Ho 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough TRAIL can directly induce cell death in some cancer cells, it appears that TRAIL resistance exists in many cancers. This study focuses on anti-cancer drugs for TRAIL-resistant head and neck cancer (HNC) to provide further progress toward effective cancer therapy. Results indicate in TRAIL-resistant HNC cells, that combined TRAIL and VPA treatment greatly reduced cell viability and therefore induced cell death, relative to treatment with TRAIL or VPA alone. A caspase-dependent signaling pathway was demonstrated, and combined treatment with TRAIL and VPA also significantly decreased the expression of HDAC4. When we pretreated cells with z-VAD followed by combined treatment with TRAIL and VPA, cell death was blocked with no reduction in expression of HDAC4. To confirm that cell death involved HDAC4 in HNC cells, we knocked down expression of HDAC4 with siRNA, followed by treatment with TRAIL and VPA. Results showed that loss of HDAC4 sensitized the TRAIL-resistant HNC cells to apoptotic cell death. Finally, we showed elevated expression of HDAC4 in HNC tissues compared to normal tissues obtained from the same patients. In conclusion, we suggest that combined VPA and TRAIL treatment may be a promising therapy for HNC via HDAC4 degradation.
Experimental studies on effects of temperature on oil and water relative permeability in heavy-oil reservoirs
Authors: Qin Yadong , Wu Yongbin , Liu Pengcheng , Zhao Fajun , Yuan Zhe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA heavy-oil sample derived from a block of Venezuelan oil was used to investigate effects of temperature on relative permeability to oil and water. Measurements of relative permeability were based on one-dimensional core-flow simulated systems using an unsteady-state technique at different temperatures, and then impact rules of temperature dependency were discussed. Both water and heavy oil in cores were reconfigured under the consideration of actual reservoir conditions. Study results suggest that relative permeability is high to oil phase and is very low to water phase, and fluid flow capability is extremely imbalanced between oil and water. As temperature increases, irreducible water saturation linearly increases, residual oil saturation performs a nonlinear decrease, and water saturation exhibits a nonlinear increase at equal-permeability points. The water-wettability of rocks is heightened and overall relative permeability curves shift to the right with increasing temperature; furthermore, two-phase flow area becomes wider and both oil and water relative permeability increases apparently, but the increase ratio of water is less than that of oil.
TheKeplerview of magnetic chemically peculiar stars
Authors: Hümmerich S. , Mikulášek Z. , Paunzen E. , Bernhard K. , Janík J. , Yakunin I. A. , Pribulla T. , Vaňko M. , Matěchová L. 
Published: August 2018

Context. Magnetic chemically peculiar (mCP) stars exhibit complex atmospheres that allow the investigation of such diverse phenomena as atomic diffusion, magnetic fields, and stellar rotation. The advent of space-based photometry provides the opportunity for the first precise characterizations of the photometric variability properties of these stars, which might advance our understanding of the processes involved and the atmospheric structures of mCP stars.Aims. We carried out a search for new mCP stars in theKeplerfield with the ultimate aim of investigating their photometric variability properties usingKeplerdata. As an aside, we describe criteria for selecting mCP star candidates based on light curve properties, and assess the accuracy of the spectral classifications provided by the MKCLASS code.Methods. As only very few known mCP stars are situated in theKeplerfield, we had to depend largely on alternative (non-spectroscopic) means of identifying suitable candidates that rely mostly on light curve properties; in particular we relied on monoperiodic variability and light curve stability. Newly acquired and archival spectra were used to confirm most of our mCP star candidates. Linear ephemeris parameters and effective amplitudes were derived from detrendedKeplerdata.Results. Our final sample consists of 41 spectroscopically confirmed mCP stars of which 39 are new discoveries, 5 candidate mCP stars, and 7 stars in which no chemical peculiarities could be established. Our targets populate the whole age range from zero-age main sequence to terminal-age main sequence and are distributed in the mass interval from 1.5M⊙to 4M⊙. About 25% of the mCP stars show a hitherto unobserved wealth of detail in their light curves indicative of complex surface structures. We identified light curve stability as a primary criterion for identifying mCP star candidates among early-type stars in large photometric surveys, and prove the reliability of the spectral classifications provided by the MKCLASS code.
Control of the Restriction Point by Rb and p21
Authors: Moser Justin , Miller Iain , Carter Dylan , Spencer Sabrina L. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
The canonical Restriction Point model suggests that cells are born into a state in which they are uncommitted to the cell cycle, but will activate cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cross the Restriction Point several hours later if sufficient nutrients are available. However, recent single-cell studies have challenged aspects of this model. This work examines the Restriction Point in cancerous and noncancerous cells and shows that, in six cases tested, the cell populations split such that only a subset of cells is born into a pre-Restriction Point state, while the remainder immediately commits to another cell cycle. This shows that even cancer cells can experience significant heterogeneity in this cell fate decision, which may be exploitable for therapeutic gain.
Exercise‐induced muscle damage: What is it, what causes it and what are the nutritional solutions?
Authors: Owens Daniel J. , Twist Craig , Cobley James N. , Howatson Glyn , Close Graeme L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD) is characterized by symptoms that present both immediately and for up to 14 days after the initial exercise bout. The main consequence of EIMD for the athlete is the loss of skeletal muscle function and soreness. As such, numerous nutrients and functional foods have been examined for their potential to ameliorate the effects of EIMD and accelerate recovery, which is the purpose of many nutritional strategies for the athlete. However, the trade‐off between recovery and adaptation is rarely considered. For example, many nutritional interventions described in this review target oxidative stress and inflammation, both thought to contribute to EIMD but are also crucial for the recovery and adaptation process. This calls into question whether long term administration of supplements and functional foods used to target EIMD is indeed best practice. This rapidly growing area of sports nutrition will benefit from careful consideration of the potential hormetic effect of long term use of nutritional aids that ameliorate muscle damage. This review provides a concise overview of what EIMD is, its causes and consequences and critically evaluates potential nutritional strategies to ameliorate EIMD. We present a pragmatic practical summary that can be adopted by practitioners and direct future research, with the purpose of pushing the field to better consider the fine balance between recovery and adaptation and the potential that nutritional interventions have in modulating this balance.
Should Fair-lending Investigators Better Mix Qualitative and Quantitative Methods?
Authors: Cosans Christopher E 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The author examines a controversy over the methods used by federal agencies to enforce fair-lending laws. Some hold that investigators should use primarily qualitative reviews of documents in loan files in their investigations. Others hold that the qualitative methodology of file reviews is inadequate and needs to be supplemented or replaced by quantitative statistical methods. The author argues that the methods in the federal Interagency Fair Lending Examination Procedure should be revised to use a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods in a better way so that they complement each other. Investigations should rely primarily on quantitative methods to investigate institutional discrimination, but use the qualitative methods of file reviews in the investigation of individual agents for their discriminatory decisions.
Theorizing Foreign and Security Policy in an Era of State Transformation: A New Framework and Case Study of China
Authors: Jones Lee 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere is growing evidence of the transformation of statehood under globalization, specifically, the fragmentation, decentralization and internationalization of state apparatuses. While most pronounced in Western Europe, these trends are observable worldwide. Foreign policy analysis (FPA) and international relations (IR) theory have fundamentally failed to keep pace with this epochal development. These traditions still largely understand states as coherent actors whose territorial borders “contain” sociopolitical relations and where identifiable “decisions” produce unified policies and strategies. This article challenges this shortcoming, offering a new theorization of foreign and security policy-making and implementation that foregrounds state transformation and the rise of regulatory statehood. The theory is developed and illustrated using the case of China, which IR/FPA scholars typically depict as the quintessential authoritarian, “Westphalian,” unitary state, but which has in fact undergone enormous state transformation since 1978. The article argues that the concept of a “Chinese-style regulatory state” can help understand and explain how Chinese foreign and security policy is actually developed and leads to outcomes that less coherent and strategic than IR scholars usually suggest.
Coupling 1D stellar evolution with 3D-hydrodynamical simulations on the fly – I. A new standard solar model
Authors: Jørgensen Andreas Christ Sølvsten , Mosumgaard Jakob Rørsted , Weiss Achim , Silva Aguirre Víctor , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Standard 1D stellar evolution models do not correctly reproduce the structure of the outermost layers of stars with convective envelopes. This has been a long-standing problem in stellar modelling affecting both the predicted evolutionary paths and the attributed oscillation frequencies, and indirectly biasing numerous quantities derived from stellar evolution calculations. We present a novel method that mostly eliminates these structural defects by appending mean 3D simulations of stellar envelopes. In contrast to previous attempts, we impose the complete structure derived from 3D simulations at each time-step during the entire evolution. For this purpose, we interpolate in grids of pre-computed 3D simulations and use the resulting structure as boundary conditions, in order to solve the stellar structure equations for the 1D interior at each time-step. Our method provides a continuous transition in many quantities from the interior to the imposed interpolated 3D surface layers. We present a solar calibration model and show that the obtained structure of the surface layers reliably mimics that of the underlying 3D simulations for the present Sun. Moreover, we perform a helioseismic analysis, showing that our method mostly eliminates the structural contribution to the discrepancy between model frequencies and observed p-mode frequencies.
Stewardship Incentives in Forestry: Participation Factors in Tennessee
Authors: English Burton C. , Bell Caroline D. , Wells Garland R. , Roberts Roland K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The likely effect of cost-share incentives on participation in Tennessee's Forest Stewardship Program was estimated and contributing factors were identified. Surveys were mailed to 4,000 nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners, and a logit model was developed to examine economic, physical, and behavioral factors which affect the landowner participation decision. Data collected indicates the majority of landowners are concerned with water quality and wildlife habitat in addition to timber enhancements. Model results indicate that attitudes, experience, and knowledge of forestry programs may outweigh monetary incentives (50, 65 and 75% cost share) in the participation decision. South. J. Appl. For. 21(1):5-10.
Transdiagnostic variations in impulsivity and compulsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder and gambling disorder correlate with effective connectivity in cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuits
Authors: Parkes Linden , Tiego Jeggan , Aquino Kevin , Braganza Leah , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Fontenelle Leonardo , Harrison Ben J. , Lorenzetti Valentina , Paton Bryan , Razi Adeel , Fornito Alex , Yücel Murat 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundIndividual differences in impulsivity and compulsivity is thought to underlie vulnerability to a broad range of disorders and are closely tied to cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) function. However, whether impulsivity and compulsivity in clinical disorders is continuous with the healthy population and explains CSTC dysfunction across different disorders remains unclear.MethodsWe characterized the relationship between CSTC effective connectivity, estimated using dynamic causal modelling of functional magnetic resonance imaging data, and dimensional phenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity in two symptomatically distinct but phenotypically related disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and gambling disorder (GD). 487 online participants provided data for modelling of dimensional phenotypes. These data were combined with 34 OCD patients, 22 GD patients, and 39 healthy controls, who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThree core dimensions were identified: disinhibition, impulsivity, and compulsivity. Patients’ scores on these dimensions were continuously distributed with the healthy participants, supporting a continuum model of psychopathology. Across all participants, higher disinhibition correlated with lower bottom-up connectivity in the dorsal circuit and increased bottom-up connectivity in the ventral circuit, and higher compulsivity correlated with reduced bottom-up connectivity in the dorsal circuit. Similar changes in effective connectivity were observed with increasing clinical severity that were not accounted for by phenotypic variation, demonstrating convergence towards behaviourally and clinically relevant changes in brain dynamics. Effective connectivity did not differ as a function of traditional diagnostic labels.ConclusionsCSTC dysfunction across OCD and GD is better characterized by dimensional phenotypes than diagnostic comparisons, supporting investigation of quantitative liability phenotypes.
Chikungunya in Colombia: a description of an epidemic within the framework of a COPCORD study
Authors: Rueda Juan C. , Santos Ana M. , Angarita Jose-Ignacio , Giraldo Rodrigo B. , Saldarriaga Eugenia-Lucia , Muñoz Jesús Giovanny Ballesteros , Forero Elías , Valencia Hugo , Somoza Francisco , Peláez-Ballestas Ingris , Cardiel Mario H. , Pavía Paula X. , Londono John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDuring 2014 and 2015 the chikungunya virus reached Colombia unleashing an epidemic that spread throughout the whole territory. Concurrently, the Colombian Rheumatology Association was conducting a Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) to establish rheumatic disease prevalence in the country. Chikungunya infected patients were identified within the COPCORD population. The aim of this study was to describe the demographics, clinical characteristics and disability of patients with clinical suspicion of chikungunya infection. To confirm chikungunya infection, ELISA IgM and IgG serology was performed. From the 6528-surveyed people of the COPCORD study, 548 where included in the study because of clinical suspicion of chikungunya virus infection. Of those, 295 were positive for IgG or IgM chikungunya serology with 151 patients fulfilling WHO clinical criteria for chikungunya infection (true positives). Most patients were > 45 years (57.7%), and females (69.7%). Patients with low income and low socio-economic strata had increased risk of chikungunya infection (p = 0.00; OR: 2.36, CI: 1.47-3.77 and p = 0.00; OR: 2.81, CI: 1.90-4.17 respectively). True positive patients were associated with symmetric arthritis (p = 0.00; OR: 22.49, CI: 12.71-39.80) of ankles (p = 0.00; OR: 16.06, CI: 7.57-34.08), hands (p = 0.00; OR: 16.12, CI: 8.25-39.79), feet (p = 0.00; OR: 16.35, CI: 7.41-36.05) and elbows (p = 0.00; OR: 14.00, CI: 3.03-64.70). Most patients developed mild to moderate disability (95.2 to 100%). Our study showed that poverty and low socioeconomic status are associated with increased risk of chikungunya infection. Also, we found two distinctive phenotypes of chikungunya infection; those with positive chikungunya serology and typical clinical symptoms (true positives) and those with positive serology without clinical symptoms (false negatives). Finally, a distinctive clinical picture presented by chikungunya infected patients was found which should be considered as the hallmark for diagnostic clinical criteria.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging of Excitable Cells
Authors: Howe Carmel L. , Webb Kevin F. , Abayzeed Sidahmed A. , Anderson David J. , Denning Chris , Russell Noah A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSurface plasmons are highly sensitive to refractive index variations adjacent to the surface. This sensitivity has been exploited successfully for chemical and biological assays. In these systems, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensor detects temporal variations in the refractive index at a point. SPR has also been used in imaging systems where the spatial variations of refractive index in the sample provide the contrast mechanism. A high numerical aperture objective lens has been used to design SPR microscopy systems with the ability to image adherent live cells. Addressing research questions in cell physiology and pharmacology often requires the development of a multimodal microscope where complementary information can be obtained.In this paper, we present the development of a multimodal microscope that combines surface plasmon resonance imaging with a number of additional imaging modalities including bright-field, epi-fluorescence, total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM) and SPR fluorescence microscopy. We used a high numerical aperture objective lens to achieve SPR and TIR microscopy with the ability to image adherent live cells non-invasively. The platform has been used to image live cell cultures demonstrating both fluorescent and label-free techniques. The SPR and TIR imaging systems feature a wide field of view (300 µm) that allows measurements from multiple cells while the resolution is sufficient to image fine cellular processes. The ability of the platform to perform label-free functional imaging of living cell was demonstrated by imaging the spatial variations in contraction of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. This technique has a promise for non-invasive imaging of the development of cultured cells over very long periods of time.
Microscopic and Macroscopic Response of a Cortical Neuron to an External Electric Field Computed with the Boundary Element Fast Multipole Method
Authors: Makarov Sergey N , Noetscher Gregory M , Sundaram Padmavathi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe goal of this study is to demonstrate how one can compute the activating function and surface charge density resulting from application of an external electric field to a high-resolution realistic neuronal morphology. We use the boundary element fast multipole method (BEM-FMM) on an ordinary computer to accurately perform these computations in under 2-10 minutes for a dense surface mesh of a single neuron with approximately 1.4 million triangles. Prior work used commercial finite element method (FEM) software which required creation of a volumetric tetrahedral mesh between fine neuronal arbor, potentially resulting in prohibitively large volume sizes and long mesh generation times. We used the example of a human pyramidal neuron with an externally applied E-field to show how our approach can quickly and accurately compute the induced surface charge density on the cell surface and the activating function of the cable equation. We found that the induced surface charge density perturbs the macroscopically applied E-field on a microscopic spatial scale. The strength of the perturbation depends on the conductivity contrast; the stronger the contrast, the larger the perturbation. In our example, the induced surface charge density may change the average activating function by up to 75%. We also embedded this neuron model into a detailed macroscopic human head model and simulated a realistic TMS excitation using the BEM-FMM method for the combined model. The solution obtained in this case predicted a smaller activating function error. The difference between the microscopic and the macroscopic effect of the externally applied electric field is of much interest to users of extracellular stimulation techniques and merits further study.