bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revised criteria of International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS) for the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis
Authors: Mochizuki Manabu , Smith Justine R , Takase Hiroshi , Kaburaki Toshikatsu , Acharya Nisha R , Rao Narsing A 
Published: February 2019

AimsInternational criteria for the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis (OS) was established by the first International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS) and validations studies revealed certain limitations of the criteria. To overcome the limitations, revised IWOS criteria was established in an international meeting. This manuscript was aimed at reporting the revised IWOS criteria.MethodsA consensus workshop was carried out to discuss and revise the IWOS criteria. The workshop was held on 27 April 2017, in Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia. Prior to the workshop, a questionnaire proposing revised criteria and consisting of one item for differential diagnosis, seven items for ocular clinical signs, 10 items for systemic investigations and three categories of diagnostic criteria was circulated to 30 uveitis specialists. Questionnaire items with over 75% support were taken as consensus agreement; items with below 50% support were taken as consensus disagreement and items with 50%–75% support were discussed at the workshop. Of the latter items, those supported by two-thirds majority in the workshop were taken as consensus agreement.ResultsThe survey and subsequent workshop reached consensus agreements of the revised criteria for the diagnosis of OS as follows: (1) other causes of granulomatous uveitis must be ruled out; (2) seven intraocular clinical signs suggestive of OS; (3) eight results of systemic investigations in suspected OS and (4) three categories of diagnostic criteria depending on biopsy results and combination of intraocular signs and results of systemic investigations.ConclusionsRevised IWOS criteria were proposed by a consensus workshop.
Comparison between manual trephination versus femtosecond laser-assisted deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for keratoconus
Authors: Salouti Ramin , Zamani Mohammad , Ghoreyshi Maryam , Dapena Isabel , Melles Gerrit R.J. , Nowroozzadeh Mohammad Hossein 
Published: February 2019

Background/aimsTo compare the outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (F-DALK) versus manual trephination DALK (M-DALK) in patients with keratoconus.MethodsIn this retrospective, comparative, clinical study, medical charts of 860 patients with keratoconus who underwent F-DALK (n=391) or M-DALK (n=469) with the Melles’s technique, and had at least a 12-month follow-up record were reviewed. The main outcome measures comprised best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), manifest refraction and keratometric indices. The postsurgical measurements were recorded for all patients at 12 months (suture-in condition), and a subset of patients with complete data at 24 months (suture-out condition; 111 F-DALK and 282 M-DALK cases).ResultsBoth procedures had comparable mean (±SD) logMAR BSCVA at 12 months (0.18±0.12 for M-DALK and 0.17±0.12 for F-DALK; p=0.224) and 24 months (0.11±0.10 vs 0.09±0.09, respectively; p=0.166) examinations. M-DALK was associated with a significant more residual myopia at 12 months (−3.85±3.27 vs -1.94±2.86 D; p<0.001), and a milder similar trend at 24 months follow-up (−2.94±2.72 vs −2.38±2.65 D, p=0.064). The mean keratometry (12 months: 46.15±1.88 vs 44.39±1.72, p<0.001; 24 months: 45.33±2.37 vs 44.14±1.68, p<0.001) and apical keratometry values (12 months: 50.92±5.00 vs 47.13±2.38, p<0.001; 24 months: 50.29±4.25 vs 48.12±3.81) were significantly greater for M-DALK than F-DALK, while the keratometric astigmatism was similar (12 months: 2.62±1.58 vs 2.53±1.33, p=0.364; 24 months: 3.21±1.83 vs 3.34±1.88, p=0.529).ConclusionsF-DALK for advanced keratoconus performs as well as M-DALK in terms of BSCVA and keratometric astigmatism in both suture-in (12 months) and suture-out (24 months) conditions. It might have advantages over M-DALK for residual myopia and restoring corneal anatomy.
Calcification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses following secondary surgical procedures in the anterior and posterior segments
Authors: Darcy Kieren , Apel Andrew , Donaldson Mark , McDonald Robert , Males John , Coote Michael , Werner Liliana , Chan Elsie 
Published: February 2019

AimsTo report 15 cases of intraocular lens (IOL) calcification following intraocular surgery and to identify common risk factors.MethodsA retrospective case review of patients with IOL calcification reported from the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, and six surgeons in private practice in the Australian states of Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland.Results15 cases of IOL calcification were identified. Eight cases were in hydrophilic acrylic IOLs and seven in hydrophilic acrylic IOLs with hydrophobic surface properties. Five cases occurred following intraocular injection of gas during endothelial keratoplasties. Two cases occurred following pars plana vitrectomy where gas was used. The remaining eight cases did not involve the injection of any intraocular gas; six cases were following trabeculectomy surgery, and two cases were after insertion of a ‘piggyback’ sulcus IOL. In each case, the calcification had a characteristic pattern, being centrally placed in the pupillary zone, mainly affecting the anterior lens surface.ConclusionThe aetiology of IOL calcification is not fully understood, although there are known risk factors such as using hydrophilic acrylic materials and the use of intraocular gas. Surgical consideration of a patient’s ocular comorbidities before IOL implantation is an important tool to mitigate some of this risk.
Retinal vessel oxygen saturation is affected in uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Authors: Abu El-Asrar Ahmed M , AlBloushi Abdulrahman F , Gikandi Priscilla W , Hardarson Sveinn Hákon , Stefánsson Einar 
Published: February 2019

AimsTo discover whether retinal vessel oxygen metabolism is affected in uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.Methods41 patients with VKH disease (82 eyes) and 12 healthy subjects (24 eyes) matched in age and gender were prospectively evaluated. Retinal oxygen saturation and vessel calibre were measured with a non-invasive spectrophotometric retinal oximeter (Oxymap T1).ResultsIn healthy controls, mean arteriolar oxygen saturation (%) was 93.8±5.9 and venular saturation was 60.1±5.8. In acute VKH uveitic phase associated with exudative retinal detachment (n=12), arteriolar and venular oxygen saturation values were 104.7±7.8 and 67.9±7.7, respectively, and both are significantly higher than the healthy group (p<0.001; p=0.001, respectively). In patients with VKH disease who recovered after immunosuppressive therapy and restored normal anatomy without ‘sunset glow fundus’ (n=13), oximetry values were 96.4±9.6 and 61.6±7.5, respectively, similar to healthy controls. In patients with ‘sunset glow fundus’ and chorioretinal atrophy (n=16), saturation levels were 88.6±7.8 and 50.0±13.1, respectively, significantly lower than healthy controls (p=0.02; p=0.003, respectively). These patients also had significantly smaller diameter of retinal arterioles and venules compared with controls (p=0.035; p=0.001, respectively).ConclusionsRetinal oxygen metabolism is altered in uveitis associated with VKH disease. Oxygen saturation profile is abnormal in acute uveitic phase of the disease and returns to normal in those who recover with normal fundus appearance, but not in eyes that suffer permanent anatomical damage with ‘sunset glow fundus’ and chorioretinal atrophy. Retinal oximetry may be of value in evaluating vascular and metabolic aspects of posterior uveitis.
Cross-sectional evaluation of the relationship between vitamin D status and supplement use across levels of kidney function in adults
Authors: Moore Linda W , Suki Wadi N , Lunsford Keri E , Sabek Omaima M , Knight Richard J , Gaber A Osama 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess vitamin D status of US non-pregnant adults using a standardised assay across 15 mL/min/1.73 m2increments of kidney function, report the use of dietary supplements containing vitamin D and assess relationships between vitamin D and markers of bone resorption.DesignThis study is a cross-sectional evaluation.SettingThe study is from the US National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey in 2001–2012.ParticipantsThe participants were non-institutionalised, non-pregnant adults, age ≥20 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was serum 25OHD evaluated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy traceable to international reference standards. Secondary outcome measures were use of dietary supplements containing vitamin D and the serum intact parathyroid hormone and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in a subset of participants.ResultsThe median 25OHD concentration in 27 543 US non-pregnant adults was 25.7 ng/mL (range, 2.2–150.0 ng/mL). Vitamin D supplements were used by 38.0%; mean (SE)=757 (43) international units/day. The range of 25OHD concentration across groups, stratified by kidney function, was 23.0–28.1 ng/mL. The lowest concentration of 25OHD observed was in people with higher kidney function (23.0 ng/mL for estimated glomerular filtration rate >105 mL/min/1.73 m2). Only 24% of people not taking a dietary supplement had a 25OHD concentration >30 ng/mL. Serum intact parathyroid hormone inversely correlated with 25OHD within all kidney function groups. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was also negatively associated with 25OHD concentration.ConclusionsThese data indicate that 25OHD concentrations and supplement use may be suboptimal in a significant proportion of the population, across all kidney function levels. The response of bone resorption markers further suggests that 25OHD levels could be improved. Together, these data support a re-evaluation of the 25OHD concentration associated with health in adults.
Ethnic differences in body mass index trajectories from 18 years to postpartum in a population-based cohort of pregnant women in Norway
Authors: Kinnunen Tarja I , Richardsen Kåre R , Sletner Line , Torgersen Leila , Sommer Christine , Waage Christin W , Mdala Ibrahimu , Jenum Anne Karen 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo explore ethnic differences in changes in body mass index (BMI) from the age of 18 years to 3 months postpartum.DesignA population-based cohort study.SettingChild Health Clinics in Oslo, Norway.ParticipantsParticipants were 811 pregnant women (mean age 30 years). Ethnicity was categorised into six groups.Primary outcome measuresThe outcome variable was BMI (kg/m2) measured at the age of 18 and 25 years, at prepregnancy and at 3 months postpartum. Body weight at 18 years, 25 years and prepregnancy were self-reported in early pregnancy, while body height and weight at 3 months postpartum were measured. The main statistical method was generalised estimating equations, adjusted for age. The analyses were stratified by parity due to ethnicity×time×parity interaction (p<0.001).ResultsPrimiparous South Asian women had a 1.45 (95% CI 0.39 to 2.52) kg/m² higher and Middle Eastern women had 1.43 (0.16 to 2.70) kg/m2higher mean BMI increase from 18 years to postpartum than Western European women. Among multiparous women, the mean BMI increased 1.99 (1.02 to 2.95) kg/m2more in South Asian women, 1.48 (0.31 to 2.64) kg/m2more in Middle Eastern women and 2.49 (0.55 to 4.42) kg/m2more in African women than in Western European women from 18 years to prepregnancy. From 18 years to postpartum, the mean increase was 4.40 (2.38 to 6.42) kg/m2higher in African women and 1.94 to 2.78 kg/m2higher in the other groups than in Western European women.ConclusionsMultiparous women of ethnic minority origin seem substantially more prone to long-term weight gain than multiparous Western European women in Norway.
Shortening patient-reported outcome measures through optimal test assembly: application to the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale in the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Cohort
Authors: Harel Daphna , Mills Sarah D , Kwakkenbos Linda , Carrier Marie-Eve , Nielsen Karen , Portales Alexandra , Bartlett Susan J , Malcarne Vanessa L , Thombs Brett D 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesThe Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) is a 16-item measure that assesses social anxiety in situations where appearance is evaluated. The objective was to use optimal test assembly (OTA) methods to develop and validate a short-form SAAS based on objective and reproducible criteria.DesignThis study was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from adults enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN) Cohort.SettingAdults in the SPIN Cohort in the present study were enrolled at 28 centres in Canada, the USA and the UK.ParticipantsThe SAAS was administered to 926 adults with scleroderma.Primary and secondary measuresThe SAAS, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation II (BFNE II), Brief Satisfaction with Appearance Scale (Brief-SWAP), Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ8) and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale-6 (SIAS-6) were collected, as well as demographic characteristics.ResultsOTA methods identified a maximally informative shortened version for each possible form length between 1 and 15 items. The final shortened version was selected based on prespecified criteria for reliability, concurrent validity and statistically equivalent convergent validity with the BFNE II scale. A five-item short version was selected (SAAS-5). The SAAS-5 had a Cronbach’s α of 0.95 and had high concurrent validity with the full-length form (r=0.97). The correlation of the SAAS-5 with the BFNE II was 0.66, which was statistically equivalent to that of the full-length form. Furthermore, the correlation of the SAAS-5 with the two subscales of the Brief-SWAP, and the SIAS-6, were statistically equivalent to that of the full-length form.ConclusionsOTA was an efficient method for shortening the full-length SAAS to create the SAAS-5.
Systematic scoping review of frameworks used to develop rehabilitation interventions for older adults
Authors: Booth Vicky , Hood-Moore Victoria , Hancox Jennie E , Logan Phillipa , Robinson Katie R 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesRehabilitation interventions for older adults are complex as they involve a number of interacting components, have multiple outcomes of interest and are influenced by a number of contextual factors. The importance of rigorous intervention development prior to formal evaluation has been acknowledged and a number of frameworks have been developed. This review explored which frameworks have been used to guide the development of rehabilitation interventions for older adults.DesignSystematic scoping review.SettingStudies were not limited for inclusion based on setting.ParticipantsStudies were included that featured older adults (>65 years of age).InterventionsStudies were included that reported the development of a rehabilitation intervention.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData were extracted on study population, setting, type of intervention developed and frameworks used. The primary outcome of interest was the type of intervention development framework.ResultsThirty-five studies were included. There was a range of underlying medical conditions including mild cognitive impairment and dementia (n=5), cardiac (n=4), stroke (n=3), falls (n=3), hip fracture (n=2), diabetes (n=2), breast cancer (n=1), Parkinson’s disease (n=1), depression (n=1), chronic health problems (n=1), osteoarthritis (n=1), leg ulcer (n=1), neck pain (n=1) and foot problems (n=1). The intervention types being developed included multicomponent, support based, cognitive, physical activities, nursing led, falls prevention and occupational therapy led. Twelve studies (34%) did not report using a framework. Five frameworks were reported with the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions being the most frequently cited (77%, n=17).ConclusionAt present, the MRC framework is the most popular for developing rehabilitation interventions for older adults. Many studies do not report using a framework. Further, specific guidance to assist this complex field of rehabilitation research is required.
Trends in comparative efficacy and safety of malaria control interventions for maternal and child health outcomes in Africa: a study protocol for a Bayesian network meta-regression exploring the effect of HIV and malaria endemicity spectrum
Authors: Amimo Floriano , Moon Troy D , Magit Anthony , Sacarlal Jahit , Lambert Ben , Nomura Shuhei 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionUnprecedented global efforts to prevent malaria morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa have saved hundreds of thousands of lives across the continent in the last two decades. This study aims to determine how the comparative efficacy and safety of available malaria control interventions intended to improve maternal and child health outcomes have changed over time considering the varied epidemiological contexts on the continent.MethodsWe will review all randomised controlled trials that investigated malaria control interventions in pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa and were published between January 1980 and December 2018. We will subsequently use network meta-regression to estimate temporal trends in the relative and absolute efficacy and safety of Intermittent Preventive Treatments, Intermittent Screening and Treatments, Insecticide-treated bed nets, and their combinations, and predict their ranking according to their relative and absolute efficacy and safety over time. Our outcomes will include 12 maternal and 7 child mortality and morbidity outcomes, known to be associated with either malaria infection or control. We will use intention-to-treat analysis to derive our estimates and meta-regression to estimate temporal trends and the effect modification by HIV infection, malaria endemicity and Plasmodium falciparum resistance to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine, while adjusting for multiple potential confounders via propensity score calibration.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018095138.
Health professionals in a changing climate: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Yang Lianping , Liu Chaojie , Hess Jeremy , Phung Dung , Huang Cunrui 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionClimate change will impose significant health impacts. Although we know health professionals should play a critical role in protecting human health from climate change, their preparedness to engage with these issues worldwide is unclear. This study aims to map the range and nature of existing evidence regarding health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices regarding climate change and health impacts and the challenges they face, and identify knowledge gaps to guide future development of research, policy and practices.Methods and analysisWe will perform a scoping review based on the six-stage framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Our study includes peer-reviewed literature focusing on any aspect of health professionals’ work regarding climate change and health since 2002 and indexed in MEDLINE/Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus or Embase. Identified papers will be described and assessed. Thematic analysis will be applied to evaluate and categorise the study findings.Implications and disseminationThis is the first scoping review of health professionals’ activities to anticipate and prepare for health impacts attributable to climate change. It will provide evidence regarding the current situations worldwide and gaps in preparedness. The findings can be used to highlight accomplishments to date, identify gaps and further develop good practices for health professionals’ engagement. The results will be published in the peer-reviewed literature and shared at health professional society meetings.
Challenges to achieving universal health coverage through community-based health planning and services delivery approach: a qualitative study in Ghana
Authors: Assan Abraham , Takian Amirhossein , Aikins Moses , Akbarisari Ali 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveCommunity-based initiatives have enormous potential to facilitate the attainment of universal health coverage (UHC) and health system development. Yet key gaps exist and threaten its sustainability in many low-income and middle-income countries. This study is first of its kind (following the launch of the Sustainable Developments Goal [SDG]) and aimed to holistically explore the challenges to achieving UHC through the community-based health planning and service (CHPS) initiative in Ghana.DesignA qualitative study design was adopted to explore the phenomenon. Face-to-face indepth interviews were conducted from April 2017 until February 2018 through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analysed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis approach.SettingData were gathered at the national level, in addition to the regional, district and subdistrict/local levels of four regions of Ghana. Sampled regions were Central Region, Greater Accra Region, Upper East Region and Volta Region.ParticipantsIn total, 67 participants were interviewed: national level (5), regional levels (11), district levels (9) and local levels (42). Interviewees were mainly stakeholders—people whose actions or inactions actively or passively influence the decision-making, management and implementation of CHPS, including policy makers, managers of CHPS compound and health centres, politicians, academics, health professionals, technocrats, and community health management committee members.ResultsBased on our findings, inadequate understanding of CHPS concept, major contextual changes with stalled policy change to meet growing health demands, and changes in political landscape and leadership with changed priorities threaten CHPS sustainability.ConclusionUHC is a political choice which can only be achieved through sustainable and coherent efforts. Along countries’ pathways to reach UHC, coordinated involvement of all stakeholders, from community members to international partners, is essential. To achieve UHC within the time frame of SDGs, Ghana has no choice but to improve its national health governance to strengthen the capacity of existing CHPS.