bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting the clinical and biological characteristics of young and old COPD patients
Authors: Vila Marc , Agustí Alvar , Vestbo Jørgen , Celli Bartolome , Cosio Borja G. , Silverman Edwin K. , Sibila Oriol , Badía Joan Ramon , Bakke Per , Tal-Singer Ruth , MacNee William , Faner Rosa 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe ECLIPSE study was a large, international, prospective, controlled, observational study that included COPD patients (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades 2–4), as well as smoking and non-smoking participants with normal spirometry, aged 40–75 years, who were followed-up regularly for 3 years. Here we sought to contrast the clinical and biological characteristics of young COPDversuscontrols of similar age and older COPD patients included in ECLIPSE.MethodsWe compared 106 young (<50 years) and 488 old (>70 years) COPD patients, as well as 119 young smokers and 92 nonsmoker controls (<50 years) with normal spirometry.ResultsYoung COPD patients: 1) were more symptomatic than young controls, often reported a family history of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma, as well as a personal history of asthma and bronchitis, and suffered from a similar disease burden to older patients; 2) were at higher risk of substantial forced expiratory volume in 1 s decline over time; and 3) had reduced serum levels of CC16 (a lung-derived anti-inflammatory protein that relates to lung damage) and, at the same time, reduced pro-inflammatory markers compared to older COPD patients.ConclusionsYoung COPD patients suffer from significant disease burden, display an altered biomarker and disease progression profile reflected by an accelerated risk of lung function decline highlighting the need for early life diagnosis, prevention approaches and treatment.
Influential factors for medical students’ classroom concentration—evaluation with speech recognition and face recognition technology
Authors: Chai Xiaohan , Yang Jingwen , Liu Yunsong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Statement of the problem
The concentration of medical students in the classroom is important in promoting their mastery of knowledge. Multiple teaching characteristics, such as speaking speed, voice volume, and question use, are confirmed to be influential factors.

Purpose
This research aims to analyze how teachers’ linguistic characteristics affect medical students’ classroom concentration based on a speech recognition toolkit and face recognition technology.

Materials and methods
A speech recognition toolkit, WeNet, is used to recognize sentences during lectures in this study. Face recognition technology (FRT) is used to detect students’ concentration in class. The study involved 80 undergraduate students majoring in stomatology. The classroom videos of 5 class hours in the dental anatomy course were collected in October 2022. A quantitative research methodology is used in this study. Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the impact of time and teachers’ linguistic characteristics on students’ concentration.

Results
As a result of regression analysis, the explanatory power of the effect of the linguistic characteristics was 7.09% (F = 83.82, P < 0.001), with time, volume and question being significant influencing factors (P < 0.01). The local polynomial smooth of the scatter between the concentration degree and the use of questions with time appears to fluctuate cyclically and suggests a potential inverse relationship between the use of questions and the concentration degree.

Conclusions
The results of this study support the significant positive influence of volume and questioning technique, the negative influence of time, and the insignificant influence of speaking speed and the interval between sentences on students’ concentration. This study also suggested that teachers may adjust their questioning frequency based on their observation of students’ concentration.
A novel approach to detecting microduplication in split hand/foot malformation type 3 at the single-cell level: SHFM as a case study
Authors: Wang Yaqian , Li Yang , Zeng Lidong , Li Wenbo , Dong Xin , Guo Jia , Meng Xiangrui , Lu Jiacheng , Xu Jiawei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a congenital limb deficiency characterized by missing or shortened central digits. Several gene loci have been associated with SHFM. Identifying microduplications at the single-cell level is challenging in clinical practice, and traditional detection methods may lead to misdiagnoses in embryos and pregnant women.

Results
In this research, we utilized a low cell count and whole-genome amplification products to employ single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, next-generation sequencing, and third-generation sequencing methods to detect copy number variants of microduplications in a SHFM3 case with limited DNA. Additionally, Karyomapping and combined linkage analysis were conducted to validate the results.

Conclusions
This study establishes a new strategy for identifying microduplications or microdeletions at the single-cell level in clinical preimplantation genetic testing, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosing microduplication or microdeletion diseases during IVF-PGT and prenatal diagnosis.
Diagnostic performance of Sonazoid-enhanced CEUS in identifying definitive hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients according to KLCA-NCC 2022 and APASL 2017 guidelines
Authors: Huang Zhe , Zhu Rong-Hua , Li Shan-shan , Luo Hong-Chang , Li Kai-Yan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to assess the diagnostic performance of Sonazoid-contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in identifying definitive HCC within hepatic nodules in cirrhotic patients, comparing the KLCA-NCC 2022 and APASL 2017 diagnostic guidelines.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study analyzed cirrhotic patients who underwent Sonazoid-CEUS for liver lesion evaluation between October 2019 and October 2023. HCC diagnosis was based on the KLCA-NCC 2022 and APASL 2017 guidelines. Inter-reader agreement on CEUS imaging features and the diagnostic accuracy of the guidelines were evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity comparisons were made using McNemar’s test.

Results
Among 400 patients with 432 lesions, CEUS showed excellent inter-reader consistency in detecting arterial phase hyperenhancement and Kupffer defects. The KLCA-NCC 2022 criteria notably enhanced sensitivity to 96.2%, with specificity and accuracy of 93.8% and 95.8%, respectively. APASL 2017 achieved the highest sensitivity at 97.8%, although specificity dropped to 46.9%, resulting in an accuracy of 90.3%. The KLCA-NCC 2022 guidelines demonstrated significantly higher specificity than APASL 2017 (p < 0.001), while APASL 2017 exhibited the highest sensitivity at 97.8%. Notably, the KLCA-NCC 2022 guidelines also demonstrated an impressive positive predictive value of 98.9%.

Conclusion
Sonazoid-enhanced CEUS, particularly when applied using the KLCA-NCC 2022 guidelines, is an effective diagnostic tool for HCC.

Critical relevance statement
Perfluorobutane CEUS, particularly in accordance with the KLCA-NCC 2022 guidelines, emerges as a valuable adjunct for diagnosing HCC in cirrhotic patients. It demonstrates superior positive predictive value and specificity compared to APASL 2017, underscoring its potential as an effective diagnostic tool.

Key Points

Contrast-enhanced (CE)US using Sonazoid with KLCA-NCC 2022 guidelines is highly effective for HCC diagnosis.

KLCA-NCC 2022 criteria showed high accuracy, 96.2% sensitivity, and 98.9% PPV.

CEUS demonstrated excellent inter-reader consistency in detecting arterial phase hyperenhancement and Kupffer defects.

Graphical Abstract
The Four Core Genotypes mouse model: evaluating the impact of a recently discovered translocation
Authors: Wiese Carrie B. , Soliman Barbara , Reue Karen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Four Core Genotypes (FCG) mouse model has become a valuable model to study the mechanistic basis for biological sex differences. This model allows discrimination between influences of gonadal sex (ovaries or testes) from those associated with genetic sex (presence of XX or XY chromosome complement). FCG mice have illuminated distinct effects of gonadal and chromosomal sex on traits ranging from brain structure and behavior to vulnerability to obesity, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s and other diseases. A recent study determined that the YSry− chromosome used in a specific line of C57BL/6J FCG mice harbors nine genes that have been duplicated from the X chromosome. This report raised concern that scores of publications that previously used the FCG model may therefore be flawed, but did not provide details regarding how studies can be evaluated for potential impact (or lack of impact) of the translocation. Here we (1) provide a practical description of the genetic translocation for researchers using the FCG model, (2) document that a majority of the studies cited in the recent report are unlikely to be affected by the translocation, (3) provide a scheme for interpreting data from studies with FCG mice harboring the YSry− translocation, and (4) delineate expression levels of the nine translocated genes across tissue/cell types as a filter for evaluating their potential involvement in specific phenotypes.
Simple and Cost-Effective Generation of 3D Cell Sheets and Spheroids Using Curvature-Controlled Paraffin Wax Substrates
Authors: Kim Huijung , Koo Kyeong-Mo , Kim Chang-Dae , Byun Min Ji , Park Chun Gwon , Son Hyungbin , Kim Hyung-Ryong , Kim Tae-Hyung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe challenges associated with animal testing in pharmaceutical development have driven the search for alternative in vitro models that mimic human tissues more accurately. In this study, we present a simple and cost-effective method for generating 3D cell sheets and spheroids using curvature-controlled paraffin wax films, which are easily accessible laboratory materials that eliminate the need for extracellular matrix (ECM) components or thermo-responsive polymers. By adjusting the curvature of the paraffin wax film, we successfully generated human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPdLF) cell sheets and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) spheroids. Key parameters, such as cell density, substrate curvature, and incubation time, were identified as critical factors for optimizing the formation of these 3D structures. In addition, the use of quantum dots (QDs) for cell tracking enabled long-term visualization and distinction between different cell types within complex tissue-like structures. We further demonstrated that wrapping the hBMSC spheroids with HPdLF cell sheets partially replicated the connective tissue structure of the periodontal ligament surrounding the tooth root. This highlights the potential of this platform for the construction of more sophisticated tissue-mimicking assemblies. In conclusion, curvature-controlled paraffin wax films provide a versatile and practical approach for 3D cell cultures. This simplifies the generation of both cell sheets and spheroids, offering a promising tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, where precise cell-to-cell interactions are essential.
Graphical abstract
Biosorption of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solutions by Agrobacterium tumefaciens S12 isolated from acid mine drainage
Authors: Liu Shuli , Xu Xiaojun , He Changhua , Liu Zhangyang , Li Yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeavy metal pollution is a global environmental issue, and microorganisms play a crucial role in the bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater. The study isolated heavy metal-resistant bacterium and observed their absorption ability toward Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+. We isolated Agrobacterium tumefaciens S12 from acid mine drainage. The various factors influencing its adsorption performance, including pH, biomass dosage, initial metal ion concentration, and adsorption temperature, were investigated in detail. Chemisorption controls the adsorption rate due to the results better fitted by pseudo-second order kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ on A. tumefaciens S12 were 234, 58 and 51 mg g−1 at 30 °C from Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The adsorption processes for the three heavy metal ions were spontaneous and exothermic in nature. In bimetallic systems, biosorption of Pb2+ ions was preferential to that of Cd2+ and Zn2+. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the adsorption mechanisms include ion-exchange, complexation interaction between the heavy metal ions and the functional groups on the surface of biomass. The obtained results indicated that A. tumefaciens S12 can be applied as an efficient biosorbent in bioremediation technology to sequestrate heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.
Towards automated phenotype definition extraction using large language models
Authors: Tekumalla Ramya , Banda Juan M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectronic phenotyping involves a detailed analysis of both structured and unstructured data, employing rule-based methods, machine learning, natural language processing, and hybrid approaches. Currently, the development of accurate phenotype definitions demands extensive literature reviews and clinical experts, rendering the process time-consuming and inherently unscalable. Large language models offer a promising avenue for automating phenotype definition extraction but come with significant drawbacks, including reliability issues, the tendency to generate non-factual data (“hallucinations”), misleading results, and potential harm. To address these challenges, our study embarked on two key objectives: (1) defining a standard evaluation set to ensure large language models outputs are both useful and reliable and (2) evaluating various prompting approaches to extract phenotype definitions from large language models, assessing them with our established evaluation task. Our findings reveal promising results that still require human evaluation and validation for this task. However, enhanced phenotype extraction is possible, reducing the amount of time spent in literature review and evaluation.
Development and Evaluation of Project Management Training for Cancer Research in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jedy-Agba Elima , Andrews Caroline , Odiaka Emeka , Olukomogbon Temitope , Irusen Hayley , Rockson Isabella , Sorungbe Temilade , Quarchie Marjorie , Jalloh Mohamed , Abimiku Alash'le , Rebbeck Timothy R. 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
Globally, there were 19.3 million new cancer cases and 10 million cancer deaths, with the African continent contributing approximately 1.1 million new cases and over 700,000 deaths to the global cancer burden in 2020. High quality research is required to understand the etiology and risk factors for common cancers in the region to develop context specific strategies aimed at minimizing the future cancer burden in Africa. Our study addresses a significant gap in the knowledge and resources available for training a project management (PM) workforce for cancer research in Africa.

METHODS
We developed and evaluated a training program to strengthen the research capacity of project managers involved in cancer research in Africa. This workshop was held in collaboration with the Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate (MADCaP) Consortium. The PM working group of the MADCaP Consortium had previously developed a project manager toolkit to provide a structured approach to PM for cancer research in Africa. We implemented and evaluated this training toolkit in a hybrid workshop in Nigeria.

RESULTS
Among 29 participants from 10 African institutions, PM skills improved after training by 16.6% compared with pretraining levels. In a 1-year follow-up survey, training skills remained better (80.8%) than before the training (70.8%). The training program successfully upskilled the trainees with a significant improvement in knowledge of PM practices including planning, execution, monitoring, and evaluation of projects. The majority (80%) reported an excellent training experience.

CONCLUSION
PM skills training can be successfully implemented in Africa with long-term retention of knowledge geared toward developing a workforce critical for the implementation of cancer research in the region.
Investigating the Role of Exercise Pattern in Acute Cardiovagal Recovery
Authors: SASSO JOHN P. , IVANCHIKOV SOFIA , COATES KYLA , STEWART LIAM , WRIGHT STEPHEN P. , SEILER STEPHEN , SHAVE ROBERT , EVES NEIL D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Research on intermittent training has mainly focused on the effects of exercise intensity while overlooking the specific effect of the modulations associated with alternating exercise and recovery. This study investigated how the frequency of modulations during moderate-intensity exercise affects postexercise vagal reactivation.

Methods
Healthy, active females and males 18–39 yr old were recruited for the study. Participants completed three treadmill running sessions on separate days. Each moderate-intensity session accumulated 30 min at 90% of the intensity associated with the second ventilatory threshold and was performed as either high-frequency intermittent (HiFi; 15 × [2 min + 2 min recovery]), low-frequency intermittent (LoFi; 5 × [6 min + 2 min recovery]), or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 1 × 30 min). Heart rate recovery (HRrec) at 1 min and heart rate variability recovery (HRVrec; lnRMSSD) were assessed in response to submaximal constant-speed tests performed before (CST1) and after (CST2) each of the exercise sessions. HRrec, HRVrec, blood lactate (BLa), and blood pressure were also collected during the exercise sessions.

Results
Twenty-one individuals (8 females, 13 males) participated in the study. HRrec from CST2 was faster in HiFi versus MICT (P < 0.001), whereas HRVrec post-CST2 was higher after HiFi versus both LoFi (P = 0.024) and MICT (P < 0.001). BLa increased in all conditions (P = 0.007) but remained lower during HiFi compared with LoFi and MICT (both P < 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure did not change during exercise with HiFi (P = 0.939) but decreased during LoFi (P = 0.006) and MICT (P = 0.008).

Conclusions
Exercise pattern influences the physiologic response to exercise. Higher frequencies of modulations can preserve vagal activity and expedite postexercise recovery, suggesting moderate-intensity intermittent exercise as a potential strategy to mitigate autonomic impact and acute physiological stress while maintaining total work performed.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Dance on Cognition and Depression in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: JALDIN MICHELLE A. , BALBIM GUILHERME MORAES , PINTO JUAN , NEGRETE MIGUEL , MOTL ROBERT W. , BUSTAMANTE EDUARDO E. , AGUIÑAGA SUSAN , KAUSHAL NAVIN , CASTILLO CRYSTAL , KHANNA SONAM , BRUNSKILL AMELIA , MARQUEZ DAVID X. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Aging is associated with declines in cognition and mental health that might be ameliorated by physical activity (PA). Dance integrates multiple physical, cognitive, and social elements, and might be an avenue for improving cognition and mood. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of formal and traditional dance on cognition, depression, and anxiety in older adults.

Methods
Five database searches yielded 17 randomized control trials (RCTs). RCTs were included if participants were ≥60 yr and healthy or living with mild cognitive impairment. We examined interventions of dance against any comparison group. Records were independently screened, and data were extracted by two reviewers. We performed random-effects models using robust variance estimation and tested individual treatment, study, and outcome-level moderators using the approximate Hotelling–Zhang test.

Results
Seventeen RCTs were included in the systematic review, but 13 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, which included 1174 participants with a mean age of 70.7 yr, and 66.3% were female. There were 76 effect sizes (Hedges g) calculated from the 13 RCTs with a range between –0.97 and 2.88. The overall effect of dance interventions on cognition was significant, yet small (g = 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.50; P = 0.022), and the effect on depression was significant and nearly moderate (g = 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.06–0.80; P = 0.036); only one RCT examined anxiety and was not included. No moderator variables significantly explained variation in the effects of dance on cognitive function or depression (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Dance interventions can improve cognition and depression in older adults. Additional research is needed regarding the effects of dance on anxiety and depression in older adults.
Aggression Replacement Training (ART) and its effectiveness in the perspective of the return of perpetrators of aggressive crimes to crime
Authors: Więcek-Durańska Anna , Cześnik Piotr , Pielacha Olga , Tomaszewska Maria , Rucińska Urszula , Wojciechowska Sylwia , Szczepankowska Olga 
Published: October 2024

Cel pracyGłównym celem badawczym prezentowanego badania było ukazanie efektywności prowadzonych w zakładach karnych oddziaływań korekcyjno-edukacyjnych wobec osób skazanych za przestępstwa agresywne.MetodaBadanie eksperymentalne. Losowo wyodrębniono dwie grupy badawcze (eksperymentalną i kontrolną). Uczestnicy zakwalifikowani do grupy eksperymentalnej uczestniczyli w programie korekcyjno-edukacyjnym przeznaczonym dla sprawców przestępstw agresywnych. Uczestnicy badania przyporządkowani do grupy kontrolnej w podobnym programie nie uczestniczyli. W sumie do programu Trening Zastępowania Agresji ART przystąpiło 142 osoby do grupy eksperymentalnej oraz 156 do kontrolnej. Przed rozpoczęciem programu oraz po jego zakończeniu uczestnicy badania uzupełnili zestaw kwestionariuszy psychologicznych służących do pomiaru agresji, Analizom poddano również informacje z akt penitencjarnych z pobytu w placówce. Po pięciu latach od opuszczenia zakładu karnego przez ostatniego uczestnika badania przeprowadzono kolejne analiz powrotności do zakładu karnego.WynikiTrening Zastępowania Agresji ART wydaje się ważnym i efektywnym sposobem oddziaływania wobec sprawców przestępstw agresywnych. W badaniu na populacji więziennej uzyskał on pozytywne wyniki w perspektywie krótkoterminowej, a więc w odniesieniu do czasu, w którym realizowany był program i tuż po jego zakończeniu.Wnioski1. U Skazanych objętych Treningiem Zastępowania Agresji ART po przebytym oddziaływaniu obserwowano niższy poziom odczuwanego gniewu oraz mniejszy poziom gotowości do zachowań agresywnych fizycznych i agresji werbalnej. 2. Skazani po treningu wykazywali również niższy poziom wrogości wobec innych osób. 3. Ponadto u skazanych objętych oddziaływaniem zaobserwowano zmianę w funkcjonowaniu podczas odbywania kary pozbawienia wolności, co skutkowało zmniejszeniem się ilości kar dyscyplinarnych stosowanych na terenie zakładu karnego.