bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modifiable patient‐related factors associated with pressure ulcers on the sacrum and heels: Secondary data analyses
Authors: Manderlier Bénédicte , Van Damme Nele , Verhaeghe Sofie , Van Hecke Ann , Everink Irma , Halfens Ruud , Beeckman Dimitri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo explore factors associated with the presence of category I–IV pressure ulcers on the sacrum and heels.DesignCross‐sectional, secondary data analysis using data collected from the Landelijke Prevalentiemeting Zorgproblemen (LPZ) project, a multicentre prevalence study including nursing home residents and community care clients (N = 4,842) in the Netherlands in 2017.MethodsA single binary logistic regression model was designed to identify factors associated with the presence of pressure ulcers. Additionally, a multiple binary logistic regression model including modifiable explanatory factors associated with the presence of pressure ulcers was designed.ResultsImpaired mobility, friction and shear (evaluated using the Braden Scale) are significantly associated with the presence of both sacral and heel category I–IV pressure ulcers. Incontinence‐associated dermatitis is significantly associated with category I–IV sacral pressure ulcers.ConclusionIn pressure ulcer prevention, nursing interventions should focus on frequent repositioning and mobilization while avoiding exposure of the skin to friction and shear. The need to consider incontinence‐associated dermatitis, incontinence and moisture as important factors in pressure ulcer risk assessment is confirmed.ImpactPressure ulcers occur when skin and tissues are deformed between bony prominences and the support surface in a sitting or lying position. They are the result of a complex interaction between direct causal factors and a wide range of indirect factors. Recognition of these factors influences risk assessment guidance and practice. Knowledge of skin‐specific factors at the patient level, modifiable by nursing interventions, enables a better targeted and tailored preventive approach.
Support groups for carers of a person with dementia who lives at home: A focused ethnographic study
Authors: Lauritzen Jette , Bjerrum Merete B. , Pedersen Preben U. , Sørensen Erik E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore and understand carer participation in support groups when caring for a person with dementia who lives at home.DesignFocused ethnographic design.MethodsParticipant observations and semi‐structured interviews were conducted from January–December 2015. The data were collected from four support groups in the Danish primary healthcare system. Interviews were conducted with 25 carers. An inductive content analysis of the data was performed.ResultsThree themes were identified: emotional well‐being due to peer and family support, emotional sense of togetherness despite hardships and emotional and ethical considerations in caregiving.ConclusionSupport group participation with positive peer interaction increases carer self‐esteem and feelings of togetherness, and an awareness of maintaining the care receiver`s dignity and prevention of conflicts with families, resulting in an improvement in carer well‐being, leading to increased motivation to continue caring. Carers who hid their group participation face a potential conflict with the care receiver.ImpactBy sharing positive experiences, carers have increased self‐esteem and feelings of togetherness, which can have a positive impact on their motivation to continue caring. Positive peer interaction encouraged a shift in focus from negative to positive experiences, resulting in an improvement in carer well‐being. Joint group participation prevented conflicts in families. To protect the care receivers, carers kept support group participation a secret. Healthcare professionals could improve carer well‐being by focusing on positive caring experiences in support groups.
A systematic review and quality appraisal of bereavement care practice guidelines
Authors: Kent Katherine , Jessup Belinda , Marsh Pauline , Barnett Tony , Ball Madeleine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBereavement care practice guidelines assist in delivering high‐quality bereavement care. However, the quality of published guidelines is unknown. A systematic review was conducted to identify and evaluate the quality of the process used to develop bereavement care practice guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. A keyword search was conducted in MEDLINE‐Complete, CINAHL‐Complete, Health‐Source (Nursing/Academic Edition), Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and an internet search engine in October 2017. Sixteen guidelines with differing scope and purpose but similar core values were identified from the grey literature and then appraised at high quality (n = 1), moderate quality (n = 4), or low quality (n = 11). The domains “clarity of presentation” and “scope and purpose” achieved the highest scores (mean ± SD 71.0 ± 27.6% and 64.4 ± 37.5%, respectively), while “editorial independence” showed the lowest mean score (9.2 ± 13.3%). While few of the bereavement care practice guidelines met the AGREE II quality standards related to their development process, neither the quality of the content of each guideline nor the in‐context application was assessed by the AGREE II instrument. Ongoing development of practice guidelines may benefit from consideration and application of the framework outlined in the AGREE II or similar appraisal instrument.
Daily Food Insufficiency and Worry among Economically Disadvantaged Families with Young Children
Authors: Gassman‐Pines Anna , Schenck‐Fontaine Anika 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective: To examine how reports of food insecurity vary daily among low‐income parents of young children.Background: The material and emotional components of food insecurity have negative consequences for children and can have negative implications for family life. Though the overall influence of food insecurity on parents and children is well‐established, little is understood about possible instability in food insecurity. This paper examines to what degree instability related to the SNAP benefit cycle influences variability in families' daily food insecurity.Method: SNAP‐recipient parents of a birth cohort in Durham, NC were recruited when children were 5–6 years old. One hundred and five participants completed a daily survey via SMS text message for 4 weeks (N = 2,661 person‐days for analysis). Regression models with family fixed effects examined the relation between time since SNAP transfer and parents' daily food insecurity.Results: Parents' food insecurity was higher at the end of the SNAP month than at the beginning, with food insecurity accelerating and becoming more severe in the second half of the month. The increase was in both the food insufficiency and stress components of food insecurity.Conclusion: Food insecurity among SNAP recipients with young children is not static but varies day to day within the SNAP month.Implications: These results provide evidence that families experience substantial instability in food insecurity and that SNAP benefits may not be sufficient.
Feasibility and effectiveness of two built environmental interventions on physical activity among 3–5‐year‐old preschoolers
Authors: Robinson Jennifer C. , Temple Melissa L. , Duck Angela , Klamm Melissa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose was to examine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of two built environmental interventions with Head Start preschool children to increase minutes and intensity and total physical activity (PA).Design and MethodsA prospective, quasi‐experimental, repeated measures design was conducted in two Head Start centers. Centers were randomly assigned to one of two intervention arms. Intervention Arm I added portable play equipment to the school environment; Arm II introduced portable play equipment plus PA education for staff and children. PA was measured during school using accelerometers and by observation using SOPLAY. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsNinety‐seven children and eight staff were enrolled; valid PA data were available for 56 children (58%). Minutes of PA were highest at baseline in both groups and declined over the intervention. PA in Arm I decreased 22 min from weeks one to three and 12 min (p < .001) from weeks 3 to 6. In Arm II, PA declined 33 min from weeks one to three and 20 min (p < .001) from weeks 3 to 6.Practice ImplicationsNurses work to maintain and improve health at multiple levels of influence and are in strategic positions to educate and support PA to maintain and improve the health of all ages. School‐based PA interventions have been reported with varying success. The feasibility of this study provides insight into the challenges in planning and conducting school‐based interventions including enrollment, attrition, and accelerometer wear‐time compliance. Despite our interventions, there was no positive response to either intervention, with PA declining at each time period in both groups. However, baseline PA was significantly higher than in previous studies. Schools can provide children with opportunities to accumulate PA.
Improving porous crumb structure of rice‐related leavened food products by fermentation and gelatinization at slightly higher air pressure conditions
Authors: Rathnayake Heshani A. , Navaratne Senevirathne , Navaratne Champa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPorous crumb structure of rice‐related leavened food products developed under air pressure conditions during fermentation and gelatinization in a fabricated fermentation chamber were characterized. Therein, four samples were prepared under three pressurized conditions (sample pressurized by the leavened gas itself, 1 kg/cm2 initial pressure, 1.5 kg/cm2 initial pressure) along with a control (unpressurized). Crumb volume, specific volume, bulk density, pH as well as crumb texture profile and cellular structure were analyzed. Results revealed that fermentation and gelatinization under air pressure (slightly higher than the atmospheric air pressure) conditions in the fabricated fermentation chamber help to arrest leavening gas within the dough mass to improve the properties of porous crumb structure. Sample fermented and gelatinized at 1 kg/cm2 initial pressure presented better crumb mechanical and cellular structural properties compared to the other two pressurized samples and the control.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis characteristics in immunocompetent patients—A 20‐year clinical retrospective analysis in China
Authors: Hou Xiaomeng , Kou Lei , Han Xiaozhen , Zhu Rui , Song Lan , Liu Tao 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundPulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) is not considered an rare, opportunistic infection anymore. The immunocompetent population accounts for an increasing proportion of the morbidity.ObjectiveThis study investigated the clinical characteristics of PC patients spanning 20 years, in a referral centre of China.Patients/MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the clinical data of 99 patients with PC who were diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from January 1998 to December 2017.ResultsPulmonary cryptococcosis incidence in PUMCH has seen sharp increase in two decades. There were 40.4% (40/99), 17.2% (17/99) and 42.4% (42/99) immunocompetent, mildly immunocompromised and severe immunocompromised patients, respectively. Significantly higher (P = .035) male predominance in immunocompetent and mildly immunocompromised groups (68.4%, 39/57) compared with severe immunocompromised group (45.2%, 19/42) was found. Overall, 27.5% (11/40) immunocompetent patients reported a significant difference (P = .02) in history of more than weekly drinking, higher than mildly or severe immunocompromised. No significant difference occurred in symptoms and radiographic characteristics among the groups. In pulmonary computerised tomography findings, the non‐air pathway feature was the dominant distribution characteristics in all patients with PC (P = .002). The gap in body dissemination frequency between immunocompetent combined with mildly immunocompromised (5.26%, 3/57) and severe immunocompromised (19.0%, 8/42) was marginally significant (P = .05).ConclusionsGender and alcohol drinking could be PC risk factors of concern in patients without severe immunodeficiency. No significant difference occurred in symptoms or radiographic characteristics between patients with different levels of immune status. The unique radiographic non‐air pathway distribution in the lung may be the feature of Cryptococcus invasion that may enhance accurate diagnosis.
Sterol isomerase HYDRA1 interacts with RNA silencing suppressor P1b and restricts potyviral infection
Authors: Ochoa Jon , Valli Adrián , Martín‐Trillo Mar , Simón‐Mateo Carmen , García Juan Antonio , Rodamilans Bernardo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlants use RNA silencing as a strong defensive barrier against virus challenges, and viruses counteract this defence by using RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs). With the objective of identifying host factors helping either the plant or the virus in this interaction, we have performed a yeast two‐hybrid screen using P1b, the RSS protein of the ipomovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV, family Potyviridae), as a bait. The C‐8 sterol isomerase HYDRA1 (HYD1), an enzyme involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis and cell membrane biology, and required for RNA silencing, was isolated in this screen. The interaction between CVYV P1b and HYD1 was confirmed in planta by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation assays. We demonstrated that HYD1 negatively impacts the accumulation of CVYV P1b in an agroinfiltration assay. Moreover, expression of HYD1 inhibited the infection of the potyvirus Plum pox virus, especially when antiviral RNA silencing was boosted by high temperature or by coexpression of homologous sequences. Our results reinforce previous evidence highlighting the relevance of particular composition and structure of cellular membranes for RNA silencing and viral infection. We report a new interaction of an RSS protein from the Potyviridae family with a member of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway.
Metaphysics and social justice
Authors: Griffith Aaron M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetaphysics is the branch of philosophy that aims to give a theoretical account of what there is and what it is like. Social justice movements seek to bring about justice in a society by changing policy, law, practice, and culture. Evidently, these activities are very different from one another. The goal of this article is to identify some positive connections between recent work in metaphysics and social justice movements. I outline three ways in which metaphysical work on social reality can make a contribution to movements seeking social justice, viz., (1) by providing basic categories and concepts useful for clarifying and defending claims made by social justice movements; (2) by offering accounts of the natures of social categories, structures, and institutions that these movements seek to change; and (3) by contributing to “unmasking” or “debunking” projects that reveal putatively natural arrangements to be social in nature and hence subject to moral critique, alteration, and possibly eradication.
World Englishes in English language teaching: Kachru's six fallacies and the TEIL paradigm
Authors: Matsuda Aya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there has been increased interest among English language teaching (ELT) professionals in world Englishes (WE) studies. This article examines the influence of Braj Kachru's work and WE studies in general on ELT. After a brief historical overview of the disciplinary relationship between WE and ELT, it discusses the current place of WE in ELT and presents the framework of Teaching English as an International Language (TEIL), an innovative paradigm in ELT that heavily draws from WE. The article ends with insights into future, speculating how WE will continue to be resourceful to ELT.
Design Repository Effectiveness for 3D Convolutional Neural Networks: Application to Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Williams Glen , Meisel Nicholas A. , Simpson Timothy W. , McComb Christopher 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Machine learning can be used to automate common or time-consuming engineering tasks for which sufficient data already exist. For instance, design repositories can be used to train deep learning algorithms to assess component manufacturability; however, methods to determine the suitability of a design repository for use with machine learning do not exist. We provide an initial investigation toward identifying such a method using “artificial” design repositories to experimentally test the extent to which altering properties of the dataset impacts the assessment precision and generalizability of neural networks trained on the data. For this experiment, we use a 3D convolutional neural network to estimate quantitative manufacturing metrics directly from voxel-based component geometries. Additive manufacturing (AM) is used as a case study because of the recent growth of AM-focused design repositories such as GrabCAD and Thingiverse that are readily accessible online. In this study, we focus only on material extrusion, the dominant consumer AM process, and investigate three AM build metrics: (1) part mass, (2) support material mass, and (3) build time. Additionally, we compare the convolutional neural network accuracy to that of a baseline multiple linear regression model. Our results suggest that training on design repositories with less standardized orientation and position resulted in more accurate trained neural networks and that orientation-dependent metrics were harder to estimate than orientation-independent metrics. Furthermore, the convolutional neural network was more accurate than the baseline linear regression model for all build metrics.
Screening for burn-out in Australian medical students undertaking a rural clinical placement
Authors: Isaac Vivian , McLachlan Craig S , Walters Lucie , Greenhill Jennene 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate Australian medical student burn-out during rural clinical placement. Second, to examine the association between perceived burn-out and rural career intent at the time of finishing their rural placement.Design, settings and participantsThe 2016 Federation of Rural Australian Medical Educators evaluation survey is a cross-sectional study of medical students from 17 Australian universities. Specifically, those medical students who completed a full academic year or more at a Rural Clinical School (RCS). Responses from 638 medical students from regional Australia were analysed in the study of all eligible 756 medical students (response rate 84.3%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary objective was to determine self-reported burn-out (emotional exhaustion) in rural placements for medical students. Secondary outcome measures were designed to explore interactions with rural practice self-efficacy and rural intentions. Logistic regression models explored factors associated with burn-out.Results26.5% of students reported experiencing burn-out during a rural placement. Factors associated with burn-out were female gender, rural origin, low preference for RCS, stress in the year prior to a rural clinical placement, perceived social isolation during rural placement and lower rural practice self-efficacy. Burn-out was not associated with rural career intentions. Social isolation and low rural self-efficacy were independently associated with burn-out during rural placement and together explained 10% of variance in burn-out (Model Nagelkerke R2=0.23).ConclusionBurn-out during rural placement may be a consequence of stress prior to a medical school placement. Social isolation and rural self-efficacy are amendable factors to mitigate medical student burn-out during rural placements.
Pharmacological interventions for agitated behaviours in patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review
Authors: Williamson David , Frenette Anne Julie , Burry Lisa D , Perreault Marc , Charbonney Emmanuel , Lamontagne Francois , Potvin Marie-Julie , Giguère Jean-Francois , Mehta Sangeeta , Bernard Francis 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of pharmacological agents in the management of agitated behaviours following traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodsWe performed a search strategy in PubMed, OvidMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals, LILACS, Web of Science and Prospero (up to 10 December 2018) for published and unpublished evidence on the risks and benefits of 9 prespecified medications classes used to control agitated behaviours following TBI. We included all randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental and observational studies examining the effects of medications administered to control agitated behaviours in TBI patients. Included studies were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: (1) agitated behaviour was the presenting symptom; (2) agitated behaviour was not the presenting symptom, but was measured as an outcome variable; and (3) safety of pharmacological interventions administered to control agitated behaviours was measured.ResultsAmong the 181 articles assessed for eligibility, 21 studies were included. Of the studies suggesting possible benefits, propranolol reduced maximum intensities of agitation per week and physical restraint use, methylphenidate improved anger measures following 6 weeks of treatment, valproic acid reduced weekly agitated behaviour scale ratings and olanzapine reduced irritability, aggressiveness and insomnia between weeks 1 and 3 of treatment. Amantadine showed variable effects and may increase the risk of agitation in the critically ill. In three studies evaluating safety outcomes, antipsychotics were associated with an increased duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) in unadjusted analyses. Small sample sizes, heterogeneity and an unclear risk of bias were limits.ConclusionsPropranolol, methylphenidate, valproic acid and olanzapine may offer some benefit; however, they need to be further studied. Antipsychotics may increase the length of PTA. More studies on tailored interventions and continuous evaluation of safety and efficacy throughout acute, rehabilitation and outpatient settings are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016033140