bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of cervical cancer with electronic brachytherapy
Authors: Lozares-Cordero Sergio , Font-Gómez José Antonio , Gandía‐Martínez Almudena , Miranda‐Burgos Anabela , Méndez‐Villamón Agustina , Villa‐Gazulla David , Alba‐Escorihuela Verónica , Jiménez‐Puertas Sara , González‐Pérez Víctor 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeWe report the first cervical cancer cases treated with interstitial electronic brachytherapy (eBT) at our hospital and compare them with plans made with high‐dose‐rate interstitial brachytherapy based on Ir192 (HDR‐BT).Materials and methodsEight patients with cervical cancer were treated with the Axxent eBT device (Xoft, Inc.). Planning was with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography following the recommendations of the EMBRACE protocol. The dosimetry parameters of organs at risk (OAR) were evaluated for the bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon (D2cc, D1cc, and D0.1cc). In addition, the V150 and V200 of irradiated tissue were compared for both eBT and HDR‐BT. All patients received intensity‐modulated external beam radiation therapy with a regimen of 23 sessions of 2 Gy followed by four sessions of 7 Gy of eBT performed over 2 weeks (two sessions followed by another two sessions a week later) following the EMBRACE recommendations. Each of the eight patients was followed to assess acute toxicity associated with treatment.ResultsThe doses reaching OAR for eBT plans were lower than for HDR‐BT plans. As for acute toxicity associated with eBT, very few cases of mucositis were detected. No cases of rectal toxicity and one case with grade 1 urinary toxicity were detected. The results at 1 month are equally good, and no relapses have occurred to date.ConclusionsThe first results of treatment with the Axxent eBT device are promising, as no recurrences have been observed and toxicity is very low. eBT is a good alternative for treating cervical cancer in centers without access to conventional HDR.
End Group Tuning in Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Nonfullerene Small Molecules for High Fill Factor Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wadsworth Andrew , Bristow Helen , Hamid Zeinab , Babics Maxime , Gasparini Nicola , Boyle Colm W. , Zhang Weimin , Dong Yifan , Thorley Karl. J. , Neophytou Marios , Ashraf Raja Shahid , Durrant James R. , Baran Derya , McCulloch Iain 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh fill factors have only recently become commonplace in nonfullerene‐based organic solar cells, with the balance of charge carrier mobilities often cited as the contributing factor. Here an end‐group modification to a commonly used nonfullerene acceptor (O‐IDTBR) is reported, in which the rhodanine end groups are replaced with dicyano moieties, resulting in the acceptor O‐IDTBCN. This new acceptor affords significant improvement in the fill factor (73%) and photocurrent (19.8 mA cm−2) in organic solar cells with the low bandgap polymer PTB7‐Th. A narrowing of the bandgap, as a result of greater push–pull hybridization, allows complementary absorption to the donor and thus improved photon harvesting. Additionally, the measurement of charge carrier mobilities and lifetimes in both systems reveal that the PTB7‐Th:O‐IDTBCN blend possesses more balanced charge carrier mobilities, and longer lifetimes. Morphology studies reveal a slightly greater degree of molecular mixing of the O‐IDTBCN when blended with PTB7‐Th, despite the greater and more balanced charge carrier mobilities in this blend.
Microstructural Origins of High Piezoelectric Performance: A Pathway to Practical Lead‐Free Materials
Authors: Wu Haijun , Zhang Yang , Wu Jiagang , Wang John , Pennycook Stephen J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPiezoelectric materials interconvert between electrical energy and mechanical strain and are widely used for electronic and electromechanical devices. Owing to growing environmental concerns, development of lead‐free piezoelectric materials with enhanced properties becomes of great interest. Key to the academic problem is a lack of fundamental understanding on the actual mechanisms involved at the microscopic (unit cell) level. While it is well known that giant responses occur near structural phase boundaries, and it has long been proposed that polarization rotation and nanodomains are major determinants, so far, atomistic understanding of the origin of the response has come mostly from theoretical simulations. Recently, notable breakthroughs have been achieved in improving the properties of piezoceramics and thin films. Precise mapping of atomic displacements by atomically resolved Z‐contrast imaging has demonstrated that gradual polarization rotation bridges the coexisting nanophases. These structural features, which take place on a length scale of just a few nanometers, now visible through aberration‐corrected microscopy, provide a new pivotal understanding on the outstanding piezoelectric behavior that has been obtained in all systems. They also provide key guiding principles for the development of lead‐free piezoelectrics, especially in the form of thin films, which remain far behind bulk ceramics at the time being. Coexistence of nanophases with flexible interconversion, introduced via phase boundary engineering, holds much promise for achieving high performance in other material systems with phase transitions.
Aligned Silver Nanowires Enabled Highly Stretchable and Transparent Electrodes with Unusual Conductive Property
Authors: Hu Hebing , Wang Shichao , Wang Shancheng , Liu Guowei , Cao Tun , Long Yi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransparent conductors for the next generation of soft electronic devices need to be highly stretchable, conductive, and transparent, while an inevitable challenge lies in enhancing them simultaneously. Cost‐effective silver nanowires (AgNWs) are widely used but the conventional random network yields a high junction resistance as well as degraded conductivity in the stretched state. Here, a novel, facile, and versatile agitation‐assisted assembly approach is reported to control the orientation direction and density of AgNWs and to layer‐by‐layer deposit the AgNWs monolayer or multilayers onto the prestrained soft substrate. This electrode demonstrates an unprecedented low sheet resistance of 2.8 Ω sq−1 as well as high transparency of 85% and high stretchability of 40%. It is interesting to note that contrary to most other reports, such a device shows higher conductivity in the stretched state compared to the released state.
Stereochemical Strategy Advances Microbially Antiadhesive Cotton Textile in Safeguarding Skin Flora
Authors: Xu Jiangqi , Zhao Hongjuan , Xie Zixu , Ruppel Scott , Zhou Xiaqing , Chen Shuang , Liang Jun F. , Wang Xing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicrobial contamination on cotton textiles (CT) negatively affects people's health as well as the textile itself during use and storage. Using antimicrobial CT in a body‐safe manner is currently still a challenge because it is difficult to balance killing microbes and protecting skin flora. Herein, a borneol‐decorated CT (BDCT) through coupling of borneol 4‐formylbenzoate molecules onto the amino‐modified CT is reported. This BDCT shows strong and broad‐spectrum microbially antiadhesive activities against gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis), gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and fungi (Aspergillus niger, Mucor racemosus, and Candida albicans). Because of its unique stereochemical microbial antiadhesion mechanism, BDCT is harmless to skin flora. In addition, BDCT exhibits prominent durability of microbially antiadhesive capability by bearing 50 times of accelerated laundering. Therefore, this stereochemical BDCT strategy shows great potential for applications in the new generation of textiles, food packaging, and medical protection.
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials and Devices
Authors: Fan Zheng , Zhang Liqiang , Baumann Daniel , Mei Lin , Yao Yuxing , Duan Xidong , Shi Yumeng , Huang Jianyu , Huang Yu , Duan Xiangfeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnergy devices such as rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells are central to powering a renewable, mobile, and electrified future. To advance these devices requires a fundamental understanding of the complex chemical reactions, material transformations, and charge flow that are associated with energy conversion processes. Analytical in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offers a powerful tool for directly visualizing these complex processes at the atomic scale in real time and in operando. Recent advancements in energy materials and devices that have been enabled by in situ TEM are reviewed. First, the evolutionary development of TEM nanocells from the open‐cell configuration to the closed‐cell, and finally the full‐cell, is reviewed. Next, in situ TEM studies of rechargeable ion batteries in a practical operation environment are explored, followed by applications of in situ TEM for direct observation of electrocatalyst formation, evolution, and degradation in proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells, and fundamental investigations of new energy materials such as perovskites for solar cells. Finally, recent advances in the use of environmental TEM and cryogenic electron microscopy in probing clean‐energy materials are presented and emerging opportunities and challenges in in situ TEM research of energy materials and devices are discussed.
Continuous Production of a Shelf‐Stable Living Material as a Biosensor Platform
Authors: Schulz‐Schönhagen Konstantin , Lobsiger Nadine , Stark Wendelin J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe advancements made in biological engineering have led to the development of whole‐cell biosensors and their successful application in diagnostics. However, due to the sensitivity of the systems, as well as the need for advanced readout devices, the use of such sensors is limited to a laboratory environment. Here, a biosensor platform for the diffusion‐based quantification of a small molecule analyte is presented. The platform consists of Bacillus subtilis endospores carrying a genetic reporter construct. The spores are embedded in a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix casted to a poly(ethylene terephthalate) support material. It is shown that the biosensor platform can be produced continuously on a large scale. The scalable process results in a price per sensor, which is three orders of magnitude lower than the price of a comparable biological lateral flow assay. The performance of the biosensor platform for the quantification of isopropyl‐β‐d‐thiogalactopyranoside is demonstrated and it is shown that the readout can be performed with a 3D‐printed smartphone‐based device. Finally, it is demonstrated that the material is stable under various environmental conditions and that it can be stored for an extended period without losing its functionality. Aforementioned progress makes the presented living material feasible for the application by an untrained user in the field.
Surface‐Plasmon‐Assisted Metal Halide Perovskite Small Lasers
Authors: Li Chun , Liu Zhen , Shang Qiuyu , Zhang Qing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecently, low‐dimensional metal halide perovskites have attracted great attention from micro/nanolaser research fields owing to their low‐cost fabrication process and outstanding optical/electronic properties. The realization of low‐threshold, ultrasmall, and radiation‐controllable lasing is critically important for the practical applications of these micro/nanolasers. Surface plasmon (SP) provides a powerful platform to tailor the spontaneous emission and thereby lasing of the low‐dimensional perovskite structures in nanoscale regime. In this report, the latest advances of SP‐assisted perovskite small lasers toward technologically applicable chip‐level coherent light sources are reviewed. Two kinds of perovskite small lasers, including photonic laser and plasmonic laser, are discussed from the aspects of materials, photophysics, and device geometry, respectively. Finally, insights into bright perspectives and remaining challenges of SP‐assisted perovskite lasers are provided.
Efficiency Enhancement of Light Extraction from an Air/GaN Interface via Nanogap‐Induced Mode Splitting
Authors: Chen Yan‐Ta , Wu Jia‐Ren , Thakur Diksha , Cheng Hsin‐Ming , Chang Sheng Hsiung 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo coupled anatase TiO2 nanospheres are used to increase the light‐extraction efficiency of an air/GaN interface, which is theoretically investigated by using the 3D finite‐difference time‐domain method. To understand the effects of the nanogap‐induced near‐field electromagnetic energy coupling between the two adjacent TiO2 nanospheres on the light‐extraction efficiency, a graphic method is used to calculate the local modal indices and the average modal index. The simulation results show that the 97% light‐extraction efficiency can be achieved by manipulating the local modal indices of the whispering‐gallery mode supported by the coupled TiO2 nanospheres with the different gap distance. The manipulation of local modal indices results in the mode splitting, which plays an important role for the efficient light extraction.
Surgical principles for optimal treatment of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nobel Tamar , Molena Daniela 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe incidence of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma is increasing worldwide. Management of these tumors remains controversial given their unique location between the esophagus and the stomach. Debate surrounding the optimal therapy for EGJ adenocarcinoma has often centered around the tumor origin as defined by the Siewert classification system. However, the optimal surgical management should focus on adhering to important surgical principles that will allow for the best outcomes and prognosis regardless of tumor location including resection with appropriate and negative histological margins, adequate lymphadenectomy, minimization of morbidity and mortality, and preservation of quality‐of‐life. In this article, we provide a discussion of the controversy surrounding EGJ adenocarcinoma within the framework of these concepts.
A review of genetic factors underlying craniorachischisis and omphalocele: Inspired by a unique trisomy 18 case
Authors: Tobin Michael , Gunaji Rajesh , Walsh John C. , Grice Guerard P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVery few cases of craniorachischisis (CRN) with concomitant omphalocele (OMP) in the setting of trisomy 18 are reported in literature. Solitary midline closure defects are estimated to be more prevalent in trisomy 18 compared to the general population. Neurulation defect comparisons include anencephaly 0–2% versus 0.0206%, spina bifida 1–3% versus 0.0350%, and encephalocele 0–2% versus 0.0082% [Parker et al. (2010); Birth Defects Research. Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology, 88:1008–1016; Springett et al. (2015); American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A, 167A:3062–3069]. The solitary anterior malformation OMP has been reported as high as 6% with trisomy 18 [Springett et al. (2015); American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A, 167A:3062–3069]. We report the third published case of CRN with concomitant OMP observed in a likely trisomy 18 fetus that screened positive by noninvasive prenatal screening. Furthermore, we review and analyze the current literature to augment understanding of the genetic basis for anterior and posterior closure defects such as CRN and OMP. Although the current genetic lexicon lacks any definitive association with the simultaneous defects presented, previous research elucidated various genes related to anterior or posterior closure interruption individually. By consolidating current research, the authors advance knowledge of interconnected genetic pathology and direct future genetic mapping efforts.
α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes as C‐Building Blocks in the Synthesis of Pyridines, 1,4‐Dihydropyridines and 1,2‐Dihydropyridines
Authors: Vchislo N. V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractN‐heterocycles are ubiquitous structural units in a variety of biologically active compounds, pharmaceutical preparations, and natural complex molecules. Thousands of original scientific papers are published annually on various aspects of the formation of nitrogenous heterocycles and the study of their chemical and biological properties. Among them, the synthesis of pyridines and their dihydrogenated derivatives attracts the attention of chemists, which develop synthetic techniques, including those ones based on α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The minireview summarizes and highlights the recent advancements in the construction of pyridines, 1,2‐dihydropyridines, and 1,4‐dihydropyridines from transformations of 2‐alkenals, covering the publications of the last five years.
Efficient Carboxylation of Terminal Alkynes with Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Ligand‐Free Copper Catalyst under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Wang Wan‐Hui , Jia Lihong , Feng Xiujuan , Fang Dingqiao , Guo Hongyu , Bao Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe combined use of simple copper salts and quaternary ammonium salts in a low‐boiling‐point solvent is presented as a new strategy for terminal alkyne carboxylation with CO2 under ambient conditions. The ligand‐free copper‐catalyzed carboxylation was achieved with CuCl, nBu4NOAc, and K2CO3 in MeCN to produce various propiolic acids in high to excellent yields.
Milling Down to Nanometers: A General Process for the Direct Dry Synthesis of Supported Metal Catalysts
Authors: Schreyer Hannah , Eckert Rene , Immohr Sarah , de Bellis Jacopo , Felderhoff Michael , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSupported catalysts are among the most important classes of catalysts. They are typically prepared by wet‐chemical methods, such as impregnation or co‐precipitation. Here we disclose that dry ball milling of macroscopic metal powder in the presence of a support oxide leads in many cases to supported catalysts with particles in the nanometer size range. Various supports, including TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and Co3O4, and different metals, such as Au, Pt, Ag, Cu, and Ni, were studied, and for each of the supports and the metals, highly dispersed nanoparticles on supports could be prepared. The supported catalysts were tested in CO oxidation, where they showed activities in the same range as conventionally prepared catalysts. The method thus provides a simple and cost‐effective alternative to the conventionally used impregnation methods.
Critical illness and multi‐organ failure following topical application of skin‐lightening preparation
Authors: Rudge J. E. , Raithatha M. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryTopical application of skin‐lightening cream is increasingly undertaken in many non‐Caucasian populations for cultural and social reasons. It is a rare cause of poisoning that has potential to lead to significant harm due to skin damage and systemic absorption of cream following application over prolonged periods of time. This case report describes for the development of multi‐organ failure in an adult due to salicylate toxicity after whole‐body application of a skin‐lightening cream for 24 h. It highlights the need for vigilance and awareness of the toxic potential of topical salicylates.
Hexanuclear Zn(II) and Mononuclear Cu(II) Complexes containing imino phenol ligands: Exploitation of their Catalytic and Biological Perspectives
Authors: Mondal Shyam Sundar , Chatterjee Manosree , Tiwari Ranjay K. , Behera J.N. , Chanda Nripen , Biswas Sourav , Saha Tanmoy Kumar 
Published: June 2019

A unique hexanuclear zinc(II) (1) and two mononuclear copper(II) (2 and 3) complexes anchored with imino phenol ligand HL1 and HL2 were synthesized with good yield and purity (where HL1 = 4‐tert‐butyl‐2,6‐bis((mesitylimino)methylphenol and HL2 = 5‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐((mesitylimino)methyl)benzaldehyde). These complexes were characterized by utilizing various spectroscopic protocols like NMR, FTIR, UV as well as ESI‐Mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Their potential to bind calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) was tested utilizing different techniques such as UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The experiment implies that they interact with CT‐DNA via non‐intercalative mode with moderate capabilities (Kb ~ 104 M−1). On the other hand, these complexes have high capabilities to quench the fluorescence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) following the static pathway. In addition, they are active catalysts for the oxidation reaction of 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol (3,5‐DTBC) to 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylquinone (3,5‐DTBQ) under aerobic condition. From the recorded EPR signals of all complexes, it has been concluded that the oxidation reaction proceeds via ligand oriented radical pathway instead of metal based redox participation. Kinetic studies using 1–3 indicate that it follows Michaelis–Menten type of equation with moderate to high turnover number (kcat). Apart from these aspects, complexes 1–3 were screened for their cytotoxic behavior towards HeLa cells (human cervical carcinoma) and found quite active with comparable IC50 values to cisplatin.
Renewable Poly(Thioether‐Ester)s from Fatty Acid Derivatives via Thiol‐Ene Photopolymerization
Authors: Moser Bryan R. , Doll Kenneth M. , Peterson Steven C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPartially bio‐based poly(thioether‐ester)s were obtained in high conversion from thiol‐ene photopolymerization of fatty dienes with dithiols utilizing mild, solventless reaction conditions. Fatty dienes were synthesized by esterification of 9‐decenoic acid, a terminally unsaturated medium‐chain fatty acid that can be obtained from ethenolysis of oleic acid, with ethylene glycol and 9‐decen‐1‐ol to yield bio‐based dienoic monomers amenable to subsequent thiol‐ene polymerization. Polycondensation with 1,2‐ethanedithiol (EDT) and 1,3‐propanedithiol (PDT) gave a series of semicrystalline poly(thioether‐ester)s with degrees of polymerization that ranged from 29 to 85, polydispersity indices between 2.81 and 4.38, and glass transitions from −36.8 to −25.7 °C. The polymers were elastic at room temperature, with EDT‐linked materials exhibiting greater elasticity than the corresponding PDT‐linked polymers. All polymers were thermally stable below 320 °C, with 10% mass loss (T10) occurring above 338 °C. Enthalpies of fusion increased with higher relative crystallinity and were greater than the corresponding enthalpies of crystallization. The polymers were soluble in nonpolar solvents such as chloroform and THF but resisted dissolution in more polar solvents with dielectric constants above 10. Furthermore, the polymers were susceptible to acidic hydrolysis but resisted basic hydrolysis at room temperature.
Multifactor Heston's stochastic volatility model for European option pricing
Authors: Veng Sotheara , Yoon Ji‐Hun , Choi Sun‐Yong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, we extend the multiscale stochastic volatility model of [Fouque J‐P, Lorig MJ, SIAM J Financial Math. 2011;2(1):221‐254] by incorporating a slow varying factor of volatility. The resulting model can be viewed as a multifactor extension of the Heston model with two additional factors driving the volatility levels. An asymptotic analysis consisting of singular and regular perturbation expansions is developed to obtain an approximation to European option prices. We also find explicit expressions for some essential functions that are available only in integral formulas in the work of [Fouque J‐P, Lorig MJ, SIAM J Financial Math. 2011;2(1):221‐254]. This finding basically leads to considerable reduction in computational time for numerical calculation as well as calibration problems. An accuracy result of the asymptotic approximation is also provided. For numerical illustration, the multifactor Heston model is calibrated to index options on the market, and we find that the resulting implied volatility surfaces fit the market data better than those produced by the multiscale stochastic volatility model of [Fouque J‐P, Lorig MJ, SIAM J Financial Math. 2011;2(1):221‐254], particularly for long‐maturity call options.