bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Socioeconomic Position From The Social Inequalities In Health Perspective?: The Case of Costa Rica
Authors: Fantin MSc Romain , Gómez-Duarte MD, MSc, PhD Ingrid , Sáenz-Bonilla MSc Juan Pablo , Rojas-Araya NP Karol , Barboza-Solís DDS, MSc, PhD Cristina 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Measuring socioeconomic position (SEP) is central in the analysis of social inequalities in health (SIH). It requires the use of updated instruments, adapted to a particular conceptual framework, taking into account the local context and the population characteristics. This study aims to present and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different measurement of SEP used in Costa Rica for the analysis of health inequalities. Materials and methods: A systematic review of the existing instruments and methods used to characterize SEP in Costa Rica was carried out. Results: There is a great diversity of instruments used as proxies of SEP in Costa Rica, both at the individual, and at geographical level. These measures allow to capture specific dimensions of SEP potentially associated with different health outcomes. Being a latent concept, variables approaching SEP should refer to their specific conceptual framework, be adapted to the study design, and population’s characteristics (e.g. age), and should consider the study feasibility of data collection. Due to the variety and different conceptual frameworks behind each SEP variable, it is not possible to establish the existence of a gold standard. Conclusion: This review of the Costa Rican health inequalities literature regarding SEP instruments, can contribute to a better use of the existing tools. It will allow researchers to better evaluate the instruments that have been previously validated, their respective theoretical frameworks and limitations, to choose the most suitable proxy of SEP for the local context analyzed.
Blended Learning Program: An Alternative Solution to Improve Students TOEFL Score
Authors: Komariah Endang , Hidayat Mukhlis , Nurlaili Nurlaili 
Published: July 2019

This action research aims at finding out how the blended learning can improve students toefl score. The design of this research is an action research which consists of four steps in a cycle, they are: planning, action, analysis and reflection. In planning step the reserachers did FGD which involved the students, instructors, the dean, the head of language centres and staff to discuss the problems and the alternative solution, designed the syllabus and prepared the materials. In the action step, the blended learning was implemented , 50%was in Face to Face (F2F) mode and other 50% was in information and technology (IT) mode (CALL, email, WA and SMS).The subjects were 20 students from 16 Study Programs in FKIP at the eight semester who have ever joined TOEFL but have not achieved the target score stated by the university, 477.The implementation of Blended learning was observed and analyzed as the next step. The Reflection result showed that Blended learning could improve the students TOEFL score. The students also enjoyed the activities and they believed blended learning helped them improve their TOEFL score. Therefore it is recommended that the University implement the Blended learning program as an alternative solution to solve the problem.
English Skills Based Microteaching: An Effective Model in Enhancing English Student Teachers’ Teaching Skills
Authors: Darmayenti Darmayenti , Besral Besral , Kustati Martin 
Published: July 2019

Building basic teaching and English skills for student teachers need appropriate and effective teaching model. The current study aimed at designing a model of Micro-teaching Based-English Skill for undergraduates English program at State Islamic University. Research and Development type was used to develop the model. The subjects of this study were seven groups of students (each consist of 12 students) and seven lecturers. Two groups were cluster randomly selected participate in this study. Pre-test and post-test design of experimental research model has been used without the control group and followed by treatment for 8 weeks prior to their teaching practice in the nearby schools. Data were taken from observations, questionnaires, and test. The results showed that Micro-teaching Based-English Skill model was appropriate for the lecturers and students. The students’ basic teaching and their English skills were better improved. Therefore, this model is suggested to be implemented provided that both English skills and pedagogical one were the major expectation to be reached.
La construcción de sentido y los valores en la empresa social ecoturística. Un estudio de caso en Atarjea, El Carricillo, Guanajuato The construction of meaning and values in the ecotourism social enterprise. A case study in Atarjea, El Carricillo, Guanajuato
Authors: Vega Alba María del Carmen González , Agudelo Gútierrez David , Méndez Valencia Sergio 
Published: July 2019

ResumenLas primeras reflexiones que se desprenden en torno a la empresa social es tratar de conocer e indagar las especificidades que la hacen única a comparación de la “empresa”; por lo que, el presente escrito busca delimitar la naturaleza de este tipo de organizaciones a partir de su configuración y sentido por el cual han sido creadas; para esto, se considera importante visualizar la cosmovisión que se construye en la dinámica organizacional a través de los valores que cohesionan a sus integrantes más allá de la ganancia y de la competitividad. El contexto en el que nacen impacta la naturaleza de este tipo de organizaciones, las comunidades indígenas refieren sus actividades arraigadas en los usos y costumbres de su historia. El presente estudio de caso abre la puerta a la búsqueda de aquellos elementos que se entrecruzan y entretejen en las dinámicas específicas de un México multicultural, diverso, complejo y paradójico donde la modernidad y el pasado encuentran un punto de choque. Es así que, el ejercicio reflexivo gira en torno a construir una explicación a la naturaleza de este tipo de organizaciones que se configuran con elementos de la “empresa moderna” y la identidad de una comunidad ejidal con raíces indígenas otomís de Atarjea, El Carricillo, Guanajuato.Palabras clave: empresa social, sistema cultural, valores.AbstractThe first reflections that emerge around the social enterprise is to try to know and investigate the specificities that make it unique compared to the "company"; therefore, the present document seeks to delimit the nature of this type of organization based on its configuration and sense by which they have been created; for this, it is considered important to visualize the worldview that is built in the organizational dynamics through the values that unite its members beyond profit and competitiveness. The context in which they are born impacts the nature of this type of organizations, the indigenous communities refer their activities rooted in the uses and customs of their history. The present case study opens the door to the search for those elements that intersect and interweave in the specific dynamics of a multicultural, diverse, complex and paradoxical Mexico where modernity and the past meet a point of shock. Thus, the reflective exercise revolves around constructing an explanation to the nature of this type of organizations that are configured with elements of the "modern enterprise" and the identity of an ejidal community with indigenous Otomi roots of Atarjea, El Carricillo, Guanajuato.Key words: social enterprise, cultural system, values.
Physics Teaching for Children: A Bibliographic Review
Authors: Cavalcanti Maia Santos Rosana , Mackedanz Luiz Fernando 
Published: July 2019

The perspectives investigated by Physics/Science Teaching researchers in the context of youth and adults are diverse. They research on innovations in the classroom, new technologies, experimental activities, evaluation, among others subjects. In the children context, Physics/Sciences teaching is poorly explored. This article discusses the results of a bibliographical research on this theme, whose main objective was to gather theoretical and methodological subsidies for the teaching practice in this context. The data sources used were articles, dissertations and theses available in the Capes/ MEC Journal Portal, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Bank of Theses and Dissertations and Theses and Dissertations Digital Library (BDTD), as well as papers published and presented at the National Symposium on Physics Teaching (SNEF) and Meeting on Physics Teaching Research (EPEF) among years 2000 and 2017. In this context, the sources were grouped and analyzed from the following categories: level of education, with the possibility of insertion of Physics/Science teaching from the age of 3, in the context of both formal and non-formal education, as long as the scientific activities are appropriate to the children's age group and whose main objective is to motivate their interest in scientific contents; content covered, with works on the various Physics themes, with predominance of Mechanics, Fluids and Astronomy; and methodology, didactic resources and theoretical foundation, where we highlight the occurrence of experimental and ludic activities based predominantly on Piaget, Vygotsky and Ausubel theories. Thus, from this article, the reader will contemplate a general overview about the possibilities and potentialities for the insertion of Physics/Science teaching in children's context, in order to make possible the interest for Science, as well as scientific literacy.
Integrated OF-HC-EPM approach to assess sedative-anxiolytic potential of honey derived from mustard (Brassica nigra) flower
Authors: Billah Mohammad M. , Rayhan M. A. , Yousuf Syed A. , Nawrin Kashfia , Hossin Arif , Khengari Elmabruk M. 
Published: July 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Mustard honey, a monofloral honey derived from mustard flower is considered a great source of nutritional and medicinal values. The honey is traditionally used as ethnomedicine in different parts of the world to cure many health problems. The present study aimed to evaluate its sedative-anxiolytic potential by integrating three conventional methods in a sequential order.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Open field, hole cross and elevated plus maze experiments were performed in a row with a single oral administration of honey to the Swiss Albino mice. Behavioral parameters like square crossing, rearing, grooming, hole crossing and entry/duration in open arm were observed for each animal in different time intervals. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The findings were compared to that of a standard drug, diazepam (1 mg/kg). Mustard honey at higher doses showed sedative activity (4 g/kg and 6 g/kg) whereas with low doses (2 g/kg) exhibited anxiolytic potential. The physicochemical properties of honey were also screened in this study.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The integrated method proved to be an effective approach for assessment of neuropharmacological potential for crude or standard medicine. However, further analysis was recommended to investigate active compound which may lead to a new drug development.
Clinical efficacy and safety of 20% glycolic acid versus 30% lactic acid peel in constitutional type of periorbital melanosis: a comparative study
Authors: Ahmed Ghazal , Mishra Dharmendra Kumar 
Published: July 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Periorbital melanosis (POM) is a common aesthetic condition with significant impact. Chemical peeling is a frequently used treatment; yet, an ideal peeling agent is however to find. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of 20% glycolic acid (GA) and 30% lactic acid (LA) peels in POM.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> With approval and consent, the study was conducted from September 2016-August 2017. Patients aged 18-60 years of both sexes, having a constitutional POM were enrolled. Patients known to be allergic to the peeling agents were excluded. Alternate patients were enrolled into Gr-G (20% GA) and Gr-L (30% LA) and were treated every 3 weeks, for 3 sessions and evaluated till 9 weeks. Clinical improvement using POM grading, patients’ global assessment, satisfaction, and physician's global satisfaction were noted. Data are presented in number, percentages and mean±standard deviation. INSTAT software was used for statistical analysis; p&lt;0.05 was considered significant.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Fifty-six (27 in Gr-G, 29 in Gr-L) were enrolled; 70.37% and 68.97% completed the study. Demographic variables, baseline POM grade, and skin types were similar. Compared to baseline, both Gr-G and Gr-L showed significant improvement (p&lt;0.0001). Patient-reported significantly higher improvement in Gr-L (p=0.008) and higher satisfaction. Both the peeling agents were tolerated well with statistically indifferent adverse effects.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>Both GA and LA are useful in the aesthetic treatment of the constitutional type of POM. Three sessions of 30% LA peel appears to be better than 20% GA peeling used at 3 weeks apart. <p> </p>
Alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo en preescolares con antecedente de prematurez: un estudio de corte
Authors: Chaske Roberto , Espinosa Eugenia , Galvis Clara , Gómez Heidy , Ruiz Lina María , Toledo Daniel , Velez Florez German Eduardo 
Published: July 2019

Antecedentes: Existe evidencia de la relación de la prematurez con alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo y desenlaces negativos en la salud mental. En Colombia no se han realizado estudios a la fecha sobre el tema. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal que analizó una muestra aleatoria de 97 historias clínicas de preescolares (p=0.005) del Hospital Militar Central en Bogotá, Colombia, excluyendo lesiones neurológicas no relacionadas con el periodo neonatal como secuelas de trauma cráneo encefálico, malformaciones cerebrales, síndromes genéticos identificados y maltrato infantil. Se aplicó Escala Abreviada del Desarrollo (EAD-1) y la “Child Behavior Checklist” (CBCL) y se tomaron datos sociodemográficos. Resultados: Se presentaron correlaciones positivas y estadísticamente significativas, entre la edad gestacional y todos los percentiles de las subescalas de neurodesarrollo: motor grueso (p=,035), fino/adaptativo (p=,009), audición/lenguaje (p=,005) y personal/social (p=,019); y entre el peso al nacer y todos los percentiles de las subescalas de neurodesarrollo: motor grueso (p=,043), fino/adaptativo (p=,005), audición/lenguaje (p=,006) y personal/social (p=,001), siendo esta última la mayor correlación de todas. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra que los niños con antecedente de prematurez presentan un riesgo aumentado de problemas en el desarrollo, sobretodo quienes presentaron peso al nacer inferior a 1500 grs o menos de 32 semanas de edad gestacional, correlacionando las alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo con las alteraciones comportamentales en el grupo de niños estudiado. Hay pocos reportes del cuidado de la salud y la rehabilitación durante la infancia para los niños nacidos pretérmino; en el Hospital Militar Central por ser un hospital que cuenta con un programa de seguimiento de alto riesgo neurológico, se evidencia que la intervención y atención oportuna disminuye el porcentaje de alteración en el neurodesarrollo y el comportamiento.
Simple and Rapid Detection of Yersinia pestis and Francisella tularensis Using Multiplex-PCR: Molecular Detection of Yersinia pestis and Francisella tularensis
Authors: Pourmahdi Nafiseh , Zeinoddini Mehdi , Javad Dehghan Esmatabadi Mohamad , Sheikhi Fatemeh 
Published: July 2019

Background: Yersinia pestis and Francisella tularensis cause plague and tularemia, which are known as diseases of the newborn and elderly, respectively. Immunological and culture-based detection methods of these bacteria are time-consuming, costly, complicated and require advanced equipment. We aimed to design and synthesize a gene structure as positive control for molecular detection of these bacteria.
Materials and Method: Conserved regions of each bacterium were determined. A fragment containing the fopA and caf1 genes (conserved genes of F. tularensis and Y. pestis, respectively) was artificially synthesized, cloned into the pUC57 vector (pUCfopA- caf1), transformed into E. coli DH5α, and used in a multiplex PCR assay. The sensitivity of this assay was examined by serial dilution of the extracted plasmid, whereas the specificity was examined using genomes of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter aerogenes, Vibrio cholerae as templates. Finally, PCR products were analyzed in agarose gel electrophoresis.
Results: As expected, our analysis showed a clear dual band in the size range of 107 bp to 176 bp, confirming the presence of fopA and caf1 genes. Another 351 bp band was detected due to amplification being dependent on the forward primer of fopA and the reverse primer of caf1. Optimization of the PCR protocol reduced the amplification of this 351 bp band. The sensitivity of this assay was determined to be 36×10 −3ng/μl and the selectivity test confirmed the specificity of this method is appropriate for the detection of target genes.
Conclusion: This multiplex PCR method could be used in research laboratories for identification of these important pathogens.
Małżeństwo a związki partnerskie w świetle wybranych regulacji polskiego prawa podatkowego
Authors: Nowak Ireneusz 
Published: July 2019

Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce pozycji małżeństwa na gruncie wybranych regulacji polskiego prawa podatkowego w stosunku do tzw. związków partnerskich. Autor wykazał, że w świetle art. 18 Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej małżeństwo to związek kobiety i mężczyzny (związek monogamiczny osób o odmiennej płci), znajdujący się pod ochroną i opieką Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i stanowiący, tzw. samoistną wartość konstytucyjną. Wywieść z tego należy, że także w obszarze polskiego prawa podatkowego brak jest podstaw prawnych do zrównania związków partnerskich (hetero- lub homoseksualnych) z małżeństwem. Dlatego tylko i wyłącznie małżeństwo korzysta z preferencji podatkowych, ponieważ ustawodawca preferuje je jako podstawę stosunków rodzinnych w przeciwieństwie do związków partnerskich, stanowiących wyłącznie kategorię stanów faktycznych a nie instytucję prawną. Ponadto zdaniem Autora małżeństwo potrzebuje pilnego i kompleksowego wsparcia systemowego, w tym również podatkowego, ponieważ z małżeństwem powinno być jak z przyzwoitością – może się nie opłaca w sensie ekonomicznym, ale warto je wspierać i wspomagać, np. „mechanizmami podatkowoprawnymi”.
Sodic and Potassium Zeolites from Fly Ash Coming from Coal Combustion of Thermoelectric Termotasajero S.A.S
Authors: Carreño Flórez Edgar Farid , Ferrer Pacheco Martha Yasmid , Peña Rodríguez Gabriel 
Published: July 2019

The fly ash (CV) of Termotasajero S.A.S, is a residue of coal combustion with high environmental impact on air, water, soil and ecosystems. They have a high content of Si and Al, which makes them an optimal by-product for the production of zeolites. The CV were sieved and leached in order to produce high purity zeolites. The synthesis was carried out by the hydrogel method in activation with alkalis of NaOH-2M and KOH-5M, crystallization of 2h and 3h respectively, at 90° C and 560 rpm. The sodium and potassium zeolites presented a Si/Al molar ration of 1.19 and 1.00 respectively, which were classified as zeolites natrosilite and zeolite K-F, according to the ray-X diffraction pattern (DRX). In the zeolitic product, the main elements were identified as Si, Al, O, Na, K, Ca, Fe, and in smaller proportions Ti and Mg, with irregular morphology of microcrystals with particle sizes less than 12 micrometers (μm). The analysis of Cationic Exchange Capability (CIC) shows the ionic capability of the material, finding that the highest value (141 meq/100g) corresponds to the zeolites activated with NaOH.
Construcción y Caracterización de un Detector tipo A cámara Proporcional multialambres
Authors: Castro Serrato Hector Fabio , Delgado Gonzalez Maritza Juliette 
Published: July 2019

Se construyó y caracterizó un detector gaseoso de partículas tipo “cámara proporcional multialambres”, conocida por sus siglas en inglés como MWPC. El detector consta de un circuito electrónico dentro de una caja hermética de acrílico en una atmósfera de gas apropiado. Una vez verificado su funcionamiento mecánico y eléctrico, se realizó la caracterización como detector de partículas. Se midió la curva característica, consistente en la carga eléctrica colectada en los electrodos, en función del voltaje aplicado. Luego se midió la curva de conteo de muones provenientes de la radiación cósmica en función del voltaje, conocida como “curva plateau”. Las mediciones se realizaron con diferentes mezclas de gases: 100% Aire, 100% Ar, 100% CH4 y 90%Ar + 10% CH4 (P10).En los resultados se discute el funcionamiento del detector para distintos voltajes, con estas mezclas de gas. El mejor desempeño fue obtenido con la mezcla P10, para la cual el detector funciona en la región proporcional, para voltajes entre 3700 V y 4000 V, con un voltaje óptimo de operación de 3850 V.
Modelo Bivariado para las Pruebas Saber11 en el Departamento Del Tolima (Colombia)
Authors: Garcia saavedra Yuri Marcela , Clavijo Mendez Jairo Alfonso , Luugo Capera Oscar Andres 
Published: July 2019

En muchas aplicaciones encontramos datos que se restringen al intervalo (0;1), tales como porcentajes y proporciones, y que además pueden ser explicados por otras variables a través de un modelo de regresión en el que la variable respuesta está distribuida como una beta. Por otro lado, se encuentran pares de variables que tienen cierta dependencia como es el caso del rendimiento en matemáticas y lectura crítica dados en las pruebas saber11 en el departamento del Tolima (Colombia) 2016. La teoría de las funciones cópula surgen como una alternativa para medir la dependencia de variables aleatorias con distribuciones marginales dadas, permitiendo estimar diferentes medidas de asociación y diferentes métodos de estimación. En este artículo se usó un Modelo Bivariado bajo el contexto de las funciones Cópula para datos que están en el intervalo (0;1). Se verificaron las propiedades de los modelos ajustados y se compararon diferentes métodos de estimaciones usando el paquete Cópula y VineCopula del software R con el fin de establecer cuál es el mejor. Se usaron datos simulados para realizar este proceso y se aplicaron los modelos a datos reales de rendimiento en lectura crítica y matemáticas en estudiantes entre los 14 a 24 años.
ANALISIS KESULITAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PADA MATERI TITRASI ASAM BASA SISWA SMA
Authors: Tri Astuti Resti , Marzuki Hasan 
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesulitan pemahaman konsep pada materi titrasi asam basa siswa SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan data hasil penelitian diperoleh dari hasil tes siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes uraian, wawancara dan dokumentasi tentang materi titrasi asam basa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Percontohan UPI dengan subjek sebanyak 30 orang siswa SMA Kelas XII IPA yang telah mempelajari materi titrasi asam basa. Kesulitan pemahaman konsep yang dialami oleh siswa yaitu siswa kesulitan dalam menjelaskan pemilihan indikator sebanyak 53,33%, siswa kesulitan dalam menuliskan persamaan dan menyetarakan persamaan reaksi asam sulfat dan natrium hidroksida sebanyak 56,65%, siswa kesulitan dalam menentukan konsentrasi asam yang bervalensi dua sebanyak 70,00% dan 10,00% kesalahan siswa dalam menentukan konsentrasi asam dan basa bervalensi satu. Siswa kesulitan dalam 86,66% siswa tidak dapat menentukan jenis titrasi berdasarkan kurva dan siswa kesulitan dalam menentukan jenis zat pada setiap daerahsebesar 80,00%. Faktor penyebab kesulitan pemahaman konsep yang dialami siswa disebabkan oleh cara mengajar guru dan siswa itu sendiri.