bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Huánuco Pampa acoustical field survey: an efficient, comparative archaeoacoustical method for studying sonic communication dynamics
Authors: Kolar Miriam A. , Covey R. Alan , Cruzado Coronel José Luis 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The 2015 acoustical field survey on and around the central plaza platform (“ushnu”) at the Inca administrative complex of Huánuco Pampa advances understanding of Inca communication dynamics and innovates archaeoacoustical methodologies. We detail here a new archaeoacoustics method that cross-compares a sequence of human-performed sound sources along with a standard electronic acoustical test signal across survey points. This efficient and rigorous archaeological experiment produced extensible data and observations regarding Inca-designed site sonics and multi-directional communication dynamics. Our experiment design combines ecologically valid acoustical measurements with subjective researcher-observer data to chart sound transmission and reception of different classes of sound-producers, enabling the identification of environmental contingencies, and the estimation of site acoustical features. Calibrated, multiply repeated sonic test signals were measured from a strategically chosen set of geo-located and photo-documented source and receiver locations in absolute, relative, and subjective terms, simultaneously for each source-receiver pair. This method offers a systematic and comprehensive understanding of site-specific sonic dynamics via in-field observations and data recording, frequency-range comparison across test signals, attention to acoustical metrics and psychoacoustical precedents, and emphasis on practical repeatability for a range of archaeologically relevant sound sources. Our study posits the central platform at Huánuco Pampa as a strategic point for Inca elites to both observe and influence activities across the site, a finding extensible to other such platforms. The prominent architectural platform would serve as a tool for multi-directional communication, as well as to facilitate messaging about elite presence and imperial identity through the projection of sonic-visual displays. Beyond producing data about Huánuco Pampa and Inca architecture, our case-study implementation of this new method demonstrates an efficient and systematic approach to tracing the acoustical contingencies of architectural materials in archaeological contexts.
An evaluation of sleep disturbance on in-patient psychiatric units in the UK
Authors: Horne Sam , Hay Katherine , Watson Stuart , Anderson Kirstie N. 
Published: June 2018

Aims and methodSleep disturbance is common on in-patient psychiatry wards. This study explored subjective and objective patterns of sleep disturbance and contributory environmental factors. Participants were recruited from mental health acute admission wards and had a range of subjective and objective assessments of sleep. Light intensity and noise levels were measured to characterise potential environmental causes for poor sleep.ResultsWe recruited 20 patients; 15% were high risk for obstructive sleep apnoea. Nineteen participants reported poor sleep quality on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 90% had significant sleep fragmentation with objective measures. Inside light levels were low (day <200 lux and night <10 lux). Night sound levels were 40–90 db.Clinical implicationsSleep disturbance was highly prevalent. Increased awareness of sleep disorders is needed. Modifiable environmental factors on the ward were implicated, therefore increased awareness and a change of approach to sleep disturbance in in-patient psychiatry is recommended.Declaration of interestNone.
Predictors of disengagement from Early Intervention in Psychosis services
Authors: Solmi Francesca , Mohammadi Abdolali , Perez Jesus A. , Hameed Yasir , Jones Peter B. , Kirkbride James B. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe effectiveness of Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services for individuals with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) could be thwarted by high rates of early disengagement.AimsTo investigate which factors predict disengagement with EIP services.MethodUsing data from a naturalistic cohort of 786 EIP clients in East Anglia (UK), we investigated the association between sociodemographic and clinical predictors and disengagement using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsOver half (54.3%) of our sample were discharged before receiving 3 years of EIP care, with 92 (11.7%) participants discharged due to disengagement. Milder negative symptoms, more severe hallucinations, not receiving an FEP diagnosis, polysubstance use and being employed were associated with greater disengagement.ConclusionsOur findings highlight heterogeneous reasons for disengagement with EIP services. For some patients, early disengagement may hinder efforts to sustain positive long-term EIP outcomes. Efforts to identify true FEP cases and target patients with substance use problems and more severe positive symptoms may increase engagement.Declaration of interestNone.
Systemic Therapy for Patients With Advanced Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Giordano Sharon H. , Temin Sarah , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Crews Jennie R. , Esteva Francisco J. , Kirshner Jeffrey J. , Krop Ian E. , Levinson Jennifer , Lin Nancy U. , Modi Shanu , Patt Debra A. , Perlmutter Jane , Ramakrishna Naren , Winer Eric P. , Davidson Nancy E. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose To update evidence-based guideline recommendations for practicing oncologists and others on systemic therapy for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive advanced breast cancer to 2018. Methods An Expert Panel conducted a targeted systematic literature review (for both systemic treatment and CNS metastases) and identified 622 articles. Outcomes of interest included overall survival, progression-free survival, and adverse events. Results Of the 622 publications identified and reviewed, no additional evidence was identified that would warrant a change to the 2014 recommendations. Recommendations HER2-targeted therapy is recommended for patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer, except for those with clinical congestive heart failure or significantly compromised left ventricular ejection fraction, who should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and taxane for first-line treatment and trastuzumab emtansine for second-line treatment are recommended. In the third-line setting, clinicians should offer other HER2-targeted therapy combinations or trastuzumab emtansine (if not previously administered) and may offer pertuzumab if the patient has not previously received it. Optimal duration of chemotherapy is at least 4 to 6 months or until maximum response, depending on toxicity and in the absence of progression. HER2-targeted therapy can continue until time of progression or unacceptable toxicities. For patients with HER2-positive and estrogen receptor–positive/progesterone receptor–positive breast cancer, clinicians may recommend either standard first-line therapy or, for selected patients, endocrine therapy plus HER2-targeted therapy or endocrine therapy alone. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines .
Recommendations on Disease Management for Patients With Advanced Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer and Brain Metastases: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Ramakrishna Naren , Temin Sarah , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Crews Jennie R. , Davidson Nancy E. , Esteva Francisco J. , Giordano Sharon H. , Kirshner Jeffrey J. , Krop Ian E. , Levinson Jennifer , Modi Shanu , Patt Debra A. , Perlmutter Jane , Winer Eric P. , Lin Nancy U. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose To update the formal expert consensus-based guideline recommendations for practicing oncologists and others on the management of brain metastases for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive advanced breast cancer to 2018. Methods An Expert Panel conducted a targeted systematic literature review (for both systemic treatment and CNS metastases) and identified 622 articles. Outcomes of interest included overall survival, progression-free survival, and adverse events. In 2014, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) convened a panel of medical oncology, radiation oncology, guideline implementation, and advocacy experts, and conducted a systematic review of the literature. When that failed to yield sufficiently strong quality evidence, the Expert Panel undertook a formal expert consensus–based process to produce these recommendations. ASCO used a modified Delphi process. The panel members drafted recommendations, and a group of other experts joined them for two rounds of formal ratings of the recommendations. Results Of the 622 publications identified and reviewed, no additional evidence was identified that would warrant a change to the 2014 recommendations. Recommendations Patients with brain metastases should receive appropriate local therapy and systemic therapy, if indicated. Local therapies include surgery, whole-brain radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery. Treatments depend on factors such as patient prognosis, presence of symptoms, resectability, number and size of metastases, prior therapy, and whether metastases are diffuse. Other options include systemic therapy, best supportive care, enrollment in a clinical trial, and/or palliative care. Clinicians should not perform routine magnetic resonance imaging to screen for brain metastases, but rather should have a low threshold for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain because of the high incidence of brain metastases among patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines .
T-2 mycotoxin induced apoptosis in broiler’s liver tissue
Authors: Hussar Piret , Järveots Tõnu , Pendovski Lazo , Blagoevska Katerina , Ristoski Trpe , Popovska-Percinic Florina 
Published: June 2018

Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. As T-2 toxin is known to induce apoptosis in mammalian cells, the aim of the present experiment was to study the toxic effect of T-2 on chicken liver tissue using apoptosis-related antibodies p21 and p53 which are involved in the p53/p21-mediated apoptotic signalling pathway.
The experiment was conducted on fourteen 40-day-old broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus) who were divided into control and T-2 toxin groups. For the T-2 toxin group, T-2 toxin (Sigma, Germany) was dissolved in water and given per os for three consecutive days. The material of the liver was taken 24 hours after the last application. The specimens were fixed with 10% formalin and embedded into paraffin; slices 5 μm in thickness were cut followed by immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal primary antibodies p21 and p53 (Abcam, UK) according to the manufacturer’s guidelines (IHC kit, Abcam, UK).
Strong expression of p21 and p53 found in hepatocytes, endotheliocytes and around blood vessels together with large tissue destructions in T-2 toxin group birds’ liver indicates apoptosis and histopathological changes in liver tissue during T-2 mycotoxicosis.
SOU FRANCO, MARIELLE FRANCO
Authors: Carmo Alessandro Xavier do 
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste poema é analisar de forma sintética e alegórica a trajetória da mulher Marielle Franco.O mesmo vislumbra apontar possíveis dilemas e dores originados de atos discriminatórios e vislumbra se apropriar dos signos de crônicas policiais para trazer à baila a morte dos jovens da favela da maré e o assassinato de nossa atuante parlamentar.Tal alegoria visa especular sobre um possível incômodo gerado por nossa sempre PRESENTE vereadora, pois a mesma era contundente em apontar os excessos cometidos pelo Estado legalmente constitúido e a atuação do poder paralelo.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin-Based Strategies for the Assessment of Chest Pain Patients—A Review of Validation and Clinical Implementation Studies
Authors: Eggers Kai M , Jernberg Tomas , Ljung Lina , Lindahl Bertil 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The introduction of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays has improved the early assessment of chest pain patients. A number of hs-cTn-based algorithms and accelerated diagnostic protocols (ADPs) have been developed and tested subsequently. In this review, we summarize the data on the performance and clinical utility of these strategies.

CONTENT
We reviewed studies investigating the diagnostic and prognostic performance of hs-cTn algorithms [level of detection (LoD) strategy, 0/1-h, 0/2-h, and 0/3-h algorithms) and of hs-cTn-based ADPs, together with the implications of these strategies when implemented as clinical routine. The LoD strategy, when combined with a nonischemic electrocardiogram, is best suited for safe rule-out of myocardial infarction and the identification of patients eligible for early discharge from the emergency department. The 0/1-h algorithms appear to identify most patients as being eligible for rule-out. The hs-cTn-based ADPs mainly focus on prognostic assessment, which is in contrast with the hs-cTn algorithms. They identify smaller proportions of rule-out patients, but there is increasing evidence from prospective studies on their successful clinical implementation. Such information is currently lacking for hs-cTn algorithms.

CONCLUSIONS
There is a trade-off between safety and efficacy for different hs-cTn-based strategies. This trade-off should be considered for the intended strategy, along with its user-friendliness and evidence from clinical implementation studies. However, several gaps in knowledge remain. At present, we suggest the use of an ADP in conjunction with serial hs-cTn results to optimize the early assessment of chest pain patients.
The EuBIVAS: Within- and Between-Subject Biological Variation Data for Electrolytes, Lipids, Urea, Uric Acid, Total Protein, Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, and Glucose
Authors: Aarsand Aasne K , Díaz-Garzón Jorge , Fernandez-Calle Pilar , Guerra Elena , Locatelli Massimo , Bartlett William A , Sandberg Sverre , Røraas Thomas , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Sølvik Una Ørvim , Sverresdotter Sylte Marit , Coşkun Abdurrahman , Serteser Mustafa , Unsal Ibrahim , Tosato Francesca , Plebani Mario , Jonker Niels , Barla Gerhard , Carobene Anna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS) has been established to deliver rigorously determined data describing biological variation (BV) of clinically important measurands. Here, EuBIVAS-based BV estimates of serum electrolytes, lipids, urea, uric acid, total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and glucose, as well as their associated analytical performance specifications (APSs), are presented.METHODSamples were drawn from 91 healthy individuals (38 male, 53 female; age range, 21–69 years) for 10 consecutive weeks at 6 European laboratories. Samples were stored at −80 °C before duplicate analysis of all samples on an ADVIA 2400 (Siemens Healthineers). Outlier and homogeneity analyses were performed, followed by CV-ANOVA on trend-corrected data, when relevant, to determine BV estimates with CIs.RESULTSThe within-subject BV (CVI) estimates of all measurands, except for urea and LDL cholesterol, were lower than estimates available in an online BV database, with differences being most pronounced for HDL cholesterol, glucose, and direct bilirubin. Significant differences in CVI for men and women/women &lt;50 years of age were evident for uric acid, triglycerides, and urea. The CVA obtained for sodium and magnesium exceeded the EuBIVAS-based APS for imprecision.CONCLUSIONSThe EuBIVAS, which is fully compliant with the recently published Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist, has produced well-characterized, high-quality BV estimates utilizing a stringent experimental protocol. These new reference data deliver revised and more exacting APS and reference change values for commonly used clinically important measurands, thus having direct relevance to diagnostics manufacturers, service providers, clinical users, and ultimately patients.
Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activities of Combined Leaves and Flower Extracts of English Camphor Basil (Ocimum canum) on Some Selected Bacteria Associated with Skin Infections
Authors: G.M Gberikon, , A. D Dabo, , E.B Agbo, 
Published: June 2018

Phytochemical and antibacterial activities of combined leaves and flower extracts of English camphor basil (Ocimum canum) on some selected bacteria associated with skin infections was investigated. Plant samples were collected at Mista Ali, Bassa LGA of Plateau State. Phytochemical analysis was carried out in the Biochemistry Laboratory of National Veterinary Research Institute Vom (NVRI), located in Jos South LGA. The test organisms, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens, E. faecalis were obtained from the microbial banks of bacteriology and dermatophilosis sections of NVRI, Vom and were standardized with a Nephelometer. Quantitatively, the leaves and flower ethanolic extracts were tested individually and in combination against bacteria associated with skin infections both extracts showed the presence of steroids, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids while tannins were detected in the leaves extract only. There was significant (p<0.05) variation in the quantity of inherent phytochemical components of the extracts. Cardiac glycoside had the highest concentrations (0.64±0.02 and 0.54±0.02) in the leaves and flower extracts respectively. Leaves extract showed activity against test bacteria except E. faecalis. Strains of S. pyogenes and S. aureus were only susceptible to flower extract. The MBC ranged from 50-100mg/ml for the sensitive bacterial isolates. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) from the combined extracts varied from 1.89 to 3.97 on the test bacteria that showed lack of interaction (FICI<4). Thus, combination of leaves and flower of O. canum may not exhibit any advantage. However, the plant contain bioactive constituents of pharmacological significance and should be explore for more potentials.
Gambling disorder and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder: A frequent but understudied comorbidity
Authors: Medeiros Gustavo C. , Grant Jon E. 
Published: June 2018

Background and aims
Epidemiological data have suggested that the prevalence of co-occurring personality disorders is particularly high in people with gambling disorder (GD). Among the personality disorders, obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) appears to be the most common problem. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical presentation of GD with and without co-occurring OCPD.

Methods
We studied 25 subjects with current GD and lifetime diagnosis of OCPD. They were matched for age and gender with 25 individuals with current GD but no lifetime diagnosis of any personality disorder.

Results
Subjects with GD and OCPD demonstrated (a) lower severity of gambling symptoms, (b) slower progression from recreational gambling to full-blown GD, (c) preferred individual forms of betting, (d) identified more triggers to gambling (specially the availability of money and stress); and (e) reported less negative impact on relational problems due to GD.

Conclusions
Our research provides further insight on GD co-occurring with OCPD, such as increasing social support and improvement of coping skills, especially to deal with financial difficulties and stress. Our findings may lead to more customized and effective therapeutic approaches to this frequent comorbidity.
Az anyák és az újszülöttek megmentője, akire mindig büszkék leszünk: Semmelweis Ignác (1818–1865). Aki legyőzte a kórt, de nem győzte meg a kort, az orvostudományok és a sebészet doktora, szülészmester, a Pesti Királyi Magyar Tudományegyetemen az elméleti és gyakorlati szülészet nyilvános, rendes tanára
Authors: Rosivall László 
Published: June 2018

Abstract: Semmelweis finally achieved results from his persistent research work. Those being the scientific analysis of clinical statistical data and his animal experiments, which recognized the dreadful disease of puerperal fever and its prevention. “He not only discovered the real cause of puerperal fever but he also created antiseptic prophylaxis, which he introduced in obstetrics and laid the foundations of modern surgery (asepsis). The theory and practice of asepsis stemmed from the discovery of the etiology of puerperal fever and therefore originating from the genius idea of Semmelweis. The discoveries of bacteriology by Lister, Pasteur and Koch only provided a scientific proof of the intuitive statements of Semmelweis.” Semmelweis was a pioneer of clinical etiological research whose findings were aggressively disapproved by his colleagues due to earlier medical misunderstandings. Semmelweis is given due respect by posterity as a remuneration, to all the bitterness that he had suffered throughout his life. Semmelweis is considered the savior of mothers and infants. The Hungarian nation is very proud of him as he is one of our models whose oeuvre is acknowledged not only in Hungary but throughout the world. The message of his short, tragic yet effective life is eternal. The figure of Ignác Semmelweis is depicted as a statue and is placed in Chicago among the statues of the most innovative doctors and health care professionals of the world. The statue of Semmelweis is next to the statues of Louis Pasteur and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. “Semmelweis reflex” is a new expression which appeared and spread in English speaking countries. The word does not relate to a medical phenomenon but describes a social phenomenon when experts or the whole society automatically rejects discoveries and new recognitions without examination or justification. This phenomenon frequently occurs, even in our times. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(26): 1041–1054.
Mitik Tasavvurun Siyer Kültürüne Etkileri: Muîniddin el-Miskin’in Meâricü’n Nübüvve fi Medârici’l Fütüvve’si Örneği
Authors: ARSLAN Mustafa 
Published: June 2018

Bu makalede Muînüddîn el-Miskîn’in (ö. 907/1501)
Meâricü’n Nübüvve fi Medârici’l Fütüvve adlı siyer
eserindeki mitsel motifler incelenmiş, eserin Türkçe çevirisinde meşhuru olan
Altıparmak Mehmet’inki esas alınmıştır. Eser diğer siyer kitaplarından farklı olarak
Nûr-ı Muhammedî kavramını merkeze
almakta, sadece Hz. Muhammed’in hayatını konu edinmeyip kozmolojik konuları
mitik tarzda ele almaktadır. Yaratılış konusunun eserin başında mitik anlatımla
işlenmesi, Nûr ve diğer başka (kalem,
ağaç, kuş-ruh kuşu vb.) sembollerin kozmolojik konuların anlatımında
kullanılması esere mitik karakter kazandırmaktadır. Ancak bu mitik nitelik
sadece eserin başında değil, Nûr’un ele alındığı bölümlerde de (Miraç, Hz.
Peygamberin doğumu vb.) de kendisini göstermektedir. İslam geleneğindeki birçok
kavramın arketiplerine değinilmektedir. Eser Türk ve Mezopotamya
kültürlerindeki mitik etkiyi barındırması, evrenin varoluşu, yaratılış, doğuş,
ölüm gibi anlatımı zor kozmolojik konuları Hz. Muhammed (sav) merkezli ve mitik
söylem tarzıyla ele alışı kitlelerin esere olan ilgisini artırmıştır
Rus Ortodoksluğunu Protesto Etmenin İmkânı: Malakanlar/Manevi Hıristiyanlar
Authors: DUALI Şir Muhammed 
Published: June 2018

Hıristiyanlık tarihi incelendiğinde hemen her
dönemde heretik addedilen onlarca akımın ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle on beşinci
yüzyıldan itibaren Katolisizm’e karşı Batıda birden fazla dini oluşumun
Protestanlık şemsiyesi altında gün yüzüne çıkmıştır. Bu husus, Ortodoks
Hıristiyan dünyasında da yankı bulmuş ve özellikle Çarlık Rusyası’nda kimi
ayrılıkçı hareketler belirmiştir. Bu çalışma, Ortodoksluğa bir protesto
mahiyetinde teşekkül eden Malakanizm hareketini konu edinmektedir. Bu çerçevede
ilk olarak Malakan inancının ortaya çıkışı, gelişimi, inanç ve ibadet esasları
araştırma konusu edinilmekte, Malakanizm ile Protestanlık arasında benzer ve
ayrışan noktalar üzerinde durulmaktadır. Ayrıca Malakanizm hareketinin
Protestanlık kadar başarı elde edemeyişinin nedenleri tespit edilmeye
çalışılmaktadır.