bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale mass wasting on the Miocene continental margin of western India
Authors: Dailey Sarah K. , Clift Peter D. , Kulhanek Denise K. , Blusztajn Jerzy , Routledge Claire M. , Calvès Gérôme , O’Sullivan Paul , Jonell Tara N. , Pandey Dhananjai K. , Andò Sergio , Coletti Giovanni , Zhou Peng , Li Yuting , Neubeck Nikki E. , Bendle James A.P. , Aharonovich Sophia , Griffith Elizabeth M. , Gurumurthy Gundiga P. , Hahn Annette , Iwai Masao , Khim Boo-Keun , Kumar Anil , Kumar A. Ganesh , Liddy Hannah M. , Lu Huayu , Lyle Mitchell W. , Mishra Ravi , Radhakrishna Tallavajhala , Saraswat Rajeev , Saxena Rakesh , Scardia Giancarlo , Sharma Girish K. , Singh Arun D. , Steinke Stephan , Suzuki Kenta , Tauxe Lisa , Tiwari Manish , Xu Zhaokai , Yu Zhaojie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A giant mass-transport complex was recently discovered in the eastern Arabian Sea, exceeding in volume all but one other known complex on passive margins worldwide. The complex, named the Nataraja Slide, was drilled by International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 355 in two locations where it is ∼300 m (Site U1456) and ∼200 m thick (Site U1457). The top of this mass-transport complex is defined by the presence of both reworked microfossil assemblages and deformation structures, such as folding and faulting. The deposit consists of two main phases of mass wasting, each consisting of smaller pulses, with generally fining-upward cycles, all emplaced just prior to 10.8 Ma based on biostratigraphy. The base of the deposit at each site is composed largely of matrix-supported carbonate breccia that is interpreted as the product of debris-flows. In the first phase, these breccias alternate with well-sorted calcarenites deposited from a high-energy current, coherent limestone blocks that are derived directly from the Indian continental margin, and a few clastic mudstone beds. In the second phase, at the top of the deposit, muddy turbidites dominate and become increasingly more siliciclastic. At Site U1456, where both phases are seen, a 20-m section of hemipelagic mudstone is present, overlain by a ∼40-m-thick section of calcarenite and slumped interbedded mud and siltstone. Bulk sediment geochemistry, heavy-mineral analysis, clay mineralogy, isotope geochemistry, and detrital zircon U-Pb ages constrain the provenance of the clastic, muddy material to being reworked, Indus-derived sediment, with input from western Indian rivers (e.g., Narmada and Tapti rivers), and some material from the Deccan Traps. The carbonate blocks found within the breccias are shallow-water limestones from the outer western Indian continental shelf, which was oversteepened from enhanced clastic sediment delivery during the mid-Miocene. The final emplacement of the material was likely related to seismicity as there are modern intraplate earthquakes close to the source of the slide. Although we hypothesize that this area is at low risk for future mass wasting events, it should be noted that other oversteepened continental margins around the world could be at risk for mass failure as large as the Nataraja Slide.
Measles in pregnancy
Authors: Bansal Jassimran , Hameed Aisha 
Published: May 2019

Measles is becoming more prevalent; it can be difficult to diagnose, with severe complications in pregnancy. We report a case of measles in a 27-year-old, parainfluenza virus type 2-infected woman who was 32 weeks pregnant. She presented with fever, tachycardia, sore throat and a pruritic rash. She never had the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine. Serology showed raised inflammatory markers with lymphopoenia. Throat swab showed parainfluenza virus. Chest radiography was normal. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy, she developed worsening respiratory failure requiring premature delivery via caesarean section.Postoperatively, she was transferred to a tertiary centre for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. She was decannulated and made a full recovery. Meanwhile, her husband was diagnosed with measles. She was then tested and measles was confirmed. The baby did not develop congenital measles.This case emphasises the importance of vaccine histories at booking of pregnancy and early multidisciplinary team input to facilitate delivery in rapidly deteriorating pregnant women.
Perceptions of drones, digital adherence monitoring technologies and educational videos for tuberculosis control in remote Madagascar: a mixed-method study protocol
Authors: Nouvet Elysée , Knoblauch Astrid M , Passe Ian , Andriamiadanarivo Andry , Ravelona Manualdo , Ainanomena Ramtariharisoa Faniry , Razafimdriana Kimmerling , Wright Patricia C , McKinney Jesse , Small Peter M , Rakotosamimanana Niaina , Grandjean Lapierre Simon 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionPoor road and communication infrastructure pose major challenges to tuberculosis (TB) control in many regions of the world. TB surveillance and patient support often fall to community health workers (CHWs) who may lack the time or knowledge needed for this work. To meet the End TB Strategy goal of reducing TB incidence by 90% by 2035, the WHO calls for intensified research and innovation including the rapid uptake of new tools, interventions and strategies. Technologies that ‘leapfrog’ infrastructure challenges and support CHWs in TB control responsibilities have the potential to dramatically change TB outcomes in remote regions. Such technologies may strengthen TB control activities within challenged national tuberculosis treatment and control programmes (NTPs), and be adapted to address other public health challenges. The deployment of innovative technologies needs to be differentially adapted to context-specific factors. The Drone Observed Therapy System (DrOTS) project was launched in Madagascar in 2017 and integrates a bundle of innovative technologies including drones, digital adherence monitoring technology and mobile device-based educational videos to support TB control.Methods and analysisThis mixed-methods study gathers and analyses cultural perceptions of the DrOTS project among key stakeholders: patients, community members, CHWs, village chiefs and NTP–DrOTS mobile health teams. Data from questionnaires, semistructured interviews, focus group discussions (FGD) and ethnographic observation gathered from June 2018 to June 2019 are thematically analysed and compared to identify patterns and singularities in how DrOTS stakeholders perceive and interact with DrOTS technologies, its enrolment processes, objectives and team.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the National Bioethics Research Committee of Madagascar and Stony Brook University institutional review board. Study results will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication. In Madagascar, results will be presented in person to Ministry and other Malagasy decision-makers through the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar.Patient and public involvementThis study is designed to foreground the voices of patients and potential patients in the DrOTS programme. CHW participants in this study also supported the design of study information sessions and recruitment strategies. One member of the mobile health team provided detailed input on the wording and content of FGD and interview guides. Study findings will be presented via a report in French and Malagasy to CHW, mobile health team and other village-level participants who have email/internet access.
Understanding how to enhance efficacy and effectiveness of feedback via e-portfolio: a realist synthesis protocol
Authors: Babovič Mojca , Fu Ren-Huei , Monrouxe Lynn V 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionThe validity of feedback as one of the defining components for electronic portfolios (e-portfolios) to be effective and efficacious has yet to be demonstrated. While the literature has shown individual beneficial features of e-portfolios and feedback per se, evidence of feedback as mediated through technology directly resulting in improved educational practice is scarce. The explanation of how feedback via e-portfolio improves educational practice is particularly vague.Methods and analysisThe aim of this research is to unpack how and why feedback via e-portfolio is likely to flourish or wither in its path. Given the complexity of intervention, we will apply a theory-driven approach for evidence synthesis called realist synthesis. Informed by realist philosophy of science, it seems the most appropriate method because it explores observed outcomes (O) in terms of causal relationship between relevant contexts (C) and generating mechanisms (M). Initial programme theory will be developed through literature scoping. Later on it will be tested against purposively gathered evidence (through database and journal search), which simultaneously will be evaluated for rigour and relevance (whether method used are trustworthy and whether data contributes to theory building). We strive to (1) uncover ‘context sensitive’ mechanisms that generate feedback via e–portfolio to be (in) effective and (2) define in what circumstances is this mostly likely to occur.Ethics and disseminationThe synthesis report will be written according to the RAMESES guidelines and its findings will be published in peer reviewed articles and presented at relevant conferences. The aim is to inform: (1) policy and decision makers for future-course design; (2) medical educators/clinical supervisors and learners for improved educational use. No formal ethical approval is required.PROSPERO registration number120863.
Systematic review of mydriatics used for screening of retinopathy in premature infants
Authors: Kremer Lisa Jean , Reith David M , Medlicott Natalie , Broadbent Roland 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionRoutine retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations are an important part of neonatal care, and mydriatic medicines are essential in dilating the pupil for the eye examination. There are concerns about the level of evidence for efficacy and safety of these mydriatic medicines.ObjectiveThis review evaluates both efficacy and safety evidence of mydriatics used during the retinopathy of prematurity eye examination.MethodSystematic literature review.ResultsThere is limited evidence guiding clinical practice for safety and efficacy of mydriatics. The majority of publications are underpowered and with an unclear to high level of bias. There are a wide variety of mydriatic regimens evaluated for efficacy and safety, and multiple regimens are associated with case reports.ConclusionsCurrent international guideline seems unnecessarily high, especially when the reviewed literature suggest that lower doses are effective, albiet from underpowered studies. The lowest effective combination regimen appears to be phenylephrine 1% and cyclopentolate 0.2% (1 drop). Microdrop administration of this regimen would further increase the safety profile, however, efficacy needs to be assessed.
No pain no gain: a survey of use of healthcare and reasons not to seek healthcare by Norwegian climbers with chronic injuries
Authors: Grønhaug Gudmund , Saeterbakken Atle 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the use of healthcare, and reasons not to seek healthcare, by climbers with a chronic injury.MethodRetrospective survey.SettingWeb-based questionnaire.Participants667 active climbers (385 with chronic injuries).Outcome measureUse of healthcare (including reasons not to seek healthcare if the patient was not attended by health professionals), performance level in sport climbing, onset of a climbing-related injury, site of injury, preferred style of climbing and gender differences.ResultOf the 667 respondents, 385 had experienced a chronic injury in the past 6 months. Climbers with a chronic injury are reluctant to seek healthcare, and male climbers are less likely to seek healthcare than female climbers. The two most frequent reasons not to seek healthcare were: (1) an assumption that the injury was not serious enough (70%) and (2) a belief that a health professional could not help (60%). Only one in five of the climbers with a finger injury sought healthcare. The more experienced climbers were less likely to seek healthcare than recreational climbers.ConclusionUse of healthcare among climbers with a chronic injury is limited and injured climbers self-assess the injury before seeking medical aid. Experience is a strong predictor for not seeking healthcare after an injury. These findings open up the possibility that some of those who do not seek healthcare after self-assessing the injury are underestimating the seriousness of the injury due to lack of confidence in the health professionals’ abilities to help treating chronic climbing related injuries.
Targeting monocyte-intrinsic enhancer reprogramming improves immunotherapy efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Man , Zhou Jingying , Liu Xiaoyu , Feng Yu , Yang Weiqin , Wu Feng , Cheung Otto Ka-Wing , Sun Hanyong , Zeng Xuezhen , Tang Wenshu , Mok Myth T S , Wong John , Yeung Philip Chun , Lai Paul Bo San , Chen Zhiwei , Jin Hongchuan , Chen Jie , Chan Stephen Lam , Chan Anthony W H , To Ka Fai , Sung Joseph J Y , Chen Minhu , Cheng Alfred Sze-Lok 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mostly developed in fibrotic/cirrhotic liver, exhibits relatively low responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. As myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) is pivotal for immunosuppression, we investigated its role and regulation in the fibrotic microenvironment with an aim of developing mechanism-based combination immunotherapy.DesignFunctional significance of MDSCs was evaluated by flow cytometry using two orthotopic HCC models in fibrotic liver setting via carbon tetrachloride or high-fat high-carbohydrate diet and verified by clinical specimens. Mechanistic studies were conducted in human hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture systems and fibrotic-HCC patient-derived MDSCs. The efficacy of single or combined therapy with anti-programmed death-1-ligand-1 (anti-PD-L1) and a clinically trialled BET bromodomain inhibitor i-BET762 was determined.ResultsAccumulation of monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), but not polymorphonuclear MDSCs, in fibrotic livers significantly correlated with reduced tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and increased tumorigenicity in both mouse models. In human HCCs, the tumour-surrounding fibrotic livers were markedly enriched with M-MDSC, with its surrogate marker CD33 significantly associated with aggressive tumour phenotypes and poor survival rates. Mechanistically, activated HSCs induced monocyte-intrinsic p38 MAPK signalling to trigger enhancer reprogramming for M-MDSC development and immunosuppression. Treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor abrogated HSC-M-MDSC crosstalk to prevent HCC growth. Concomitant with patient-derived M-MDSC suppression by i-BET762, combined treatment with anti-PD-L1 synergistically enhanced TILs, resulting in tumour eradication and prolonged survival in the fibrotic-HCC mouse model.ConclusionOur results signify how non-tumour-intrinsic properties in the desmoplastic microenvironment can be exploited to reinstate immunosurveillance, providing readily translatable combination strategies to empower HCC immunotherapy.
Evaluating the impact of a national clinical leadership fellow scheme
Authors: McKimm Judy , Hickford Donna , Lees Peter , Armit Kirsten 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe drive towards engaging UK doctors in clinical leadership and management has involved a number of initiatives at various levels, including specific fellowships for doctors in training which enable them to take a year out of programme to work with senior leaders on service improvement or policy development projects.ObjectivesThis paper reports on the findings of an impact evaluation of a national Fellowship Scheme for doctors in training. The evaluation aimed to determine: What were the key success factors and areas for improvement of the Scheme? How did the Fellows experience the Scheme and how has this influenced their subsequent engagement, behaviours and thinking about healthcare leadership and management? What was the perceived impact of the Scheme?ParticipantsSix cohorts of Fellows and key stakeholders were involved in the evaluation .ResultsThe evaluation has clearly demonstrated the impact of this long-standing national Fellowship Scheme and the huge benefits for the individuals and organisations involved. For the Fellows, a national scheme such as this provides a unique experience, allowing them to learn first-hand from a range of senior decision-makers and engage in policy and strategic developments and processes.ConclusionsThis evaluation has demonstrated the wide impact of the Scheme but has also highlighted that more evaluations are needed of the wide range of fellowship schemes on offer to evidence broader impact, and raised issues around some of the difficulties these Fellows encounter on their return to practice in using their new skills to engage in service and healthcare improvement initiatives.
Interplay between alcohol, smoking and HLA genes in RA aetiology
Authors: Hedström Anna Karin , Hössjer Ola , Klareskog Lars , Alfredsson Lars 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesThe relationship between alcohol consumption and risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is incompletely understood. We aimed to determine the influence of alcohol on anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positive and ACPA-negative RA and investigate potential interactions between alcohol consumption, smoking and the presence of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1-shared epitope (SE).MethodsA Swedish population-based case–control study with incident cases of RA was used (3353 cases, 2836 matched controls). Subjects with different HLA-DRB1-SE status, smoking and alcohol consumption were compared regarding risk of ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA, by calculating OR with 95% CI employing logistic regression. Interaction on the additive scale between alcohol, HLA-DRB1-SE and smoking was estimated by calculating the attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction.ResultsCompared with non-drinking, low and moderate alcohol consumption was dose dependently associated with a reduced risk of ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA. Independent of smoking habits, non-drinking and the presence of HLA-DRB1-SE interacted to increase the risk of ACPA-positive RA. Among HLA-DRB1-SE positive subjects, there was also a significant interaction between non-drinking and smoking with regard to risk for ACPA-positive RA. A three-way interaction was observed between alcohol, smoking and HLA-DRB1-SE with regard to risk for ACPA-positive RA (AP 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.8) that remained significant when the influence from the two-way interactions was removed (AP 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.6).ConclusionsOur findings emphasize the need to investigate complex interactions between several environmental and genetic factors in order to better understand the etiology of RA. Whereas of great interest in an aetiological perspective, the finding of a protective role of alcohol on risk for RA must, however, be interpreted with caution in a clinical and public health perspective.
Bounds on dipole moments of tau-neutrino from single photon searches in SU(4)L × U(1)X model at CLIC and ILC energies
Authors: Binh D. T. , On Vo Van , Long H. N. 
Published: May 2019

We investigate the dipole moments of the tau-neutrino at high-energy and high luminosity at linear electron–positron colliders, such as CLIC or ILC through the analysis of the reaction [Formula: see text] in the framework of the [Formula: see text] model. The limits on dipole moment were obtained for integrated luminosity of [Formula: see text] and mass ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 TeV. The estimated limits for the tau-neutrino magnetic and electric dipole moments at 95% of confidence level are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] improved by 2–3 orders of magnitude compared to L3 and complement previous studies on the dipole moments.
Theoretical study of the effects of Mn: N ratios on electronic structure and magnetic properties of (Mn, N)-codoped ZnO
Authors: Wang Chun-An , Fu Si-Lie 
Published: May 2019

(Mn, N)-codope is an effective method to achieve both magnetism and p-type stability of ZnO system. In this paper, the magnetism and the p-type stability of (Mn, N)-codoped ZnO with the ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 were analyzed through establishing a (2 × 2 × 2) ZnO supercell, in which Zn site was replaced by Mn atom and O site was replaced by N atom. The results of electronic structure analysis show that (Mn, N)-codope is easier to form stable p-type ZnO in comparison to N-mono dope. The p-d coupling between Mn 3d and N 2p states weakens the repulsive force between ions under (Mn, N)-codope condition and results in stable p-type. Especially, the (Mn, N)-codoped ZnO with 2:1 ratio has lower formation energy and higher p-type stability. Furthermore, the results of magnetic analysis also show that the (Mn, N)-codoped ZnO system with 2:1 ratio has higher total magnetic moment than 1:1 and 1:2. A significant ferromagnetic coupling raised by strong p-d interaction between Mn 3d and N 2p in the Mn-N-Mn complex is responsible for these results. However, high N doping ratio is not beneficial to the enhancement of ferromagnetism and p-type stability.
Inferring disease and pathway associations of long non-coding RNAs using heterogeneous information network model
Authors: Sunil Kumar P. V. , Gopakumar G. 
Published: May 2019

Recent findings from biological experiments demonstrate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are actively involved in critical cellular processes and are associated with innumerable diseases. Computational prediction of lncRNA–disease association draws tremendous research attention nowadays. This paper proposes a machine learning model that predicts lncRNA–disease associations using Heterogeneous Information Network (HIN) of lncRNAs and diseases. A Support Vector Machine classifier is developed using the feature set extracted from a meta-path-based parameter, Association Index derived from the HIN. Performance of the model is validated using standard statistical metrics and it generated an AUC value of 0.87, which is better than the existing methods in the literature. Results are further validated using the recent literature and many of the predicted lncRNA–disease associations are identified as actually existing. This paper also proposes an HIN-based methodology to associate lncRNAs with pathways in which they may have biological influence. A case study on the pathway associations of four well-known lncRNAs (HOTAIR, TUG1, NEAT1, and MALAT1) has been conducted. It has been observed that many times the same lncRNA is associated with more than one biologically related pathways. Further exploration is needed to substantiate whether such lncRNAs have any role in determining the pathway interplay. The script and sample data for the model construction is freely available at http://bdbl.nitc.ac.in/LncDisPath/index.html .